bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selbstpräsenz auf Tonband (András Ferenc Kovács: Öninterjú)
Authors: Kulcsár-Szabó Zoltán
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates an early poem of a contemporary Hungarian (Transylvanian) poet András Kovács Ferenc. The poem outlines a poetic framework for the gesture of self-address, turned into a situation where the lyrical voice is interrupted by recording technology. The reading offered here tries to connect the lyrical proposition with the philosophical problem of self-presence. It further discusses political references in the poem that relate to the revolutionary events that took place in Romania in 1989.
Modulation of upconversion luminescence spectrum of single rare-earth-doped upconversion nanocrystal based on plasmonic nanocavity
Authors: Meng Yong-Jun , Li Hong , Tang Jian-Wei , Chen Xue-Wen ,   School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: January 2022

Plasmonic nanocavities can effectively modulate the upconversion luminescence properties of lanthanide doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs), which not only enhances the luminescence intensity, but also modifies the luminescence spectrum. However, currently reported studies of upconversion luminescence spectrum modulation by using nanocavities are mainly based on ensemble experiments. Compared with ensemble experiments, single-particle experiments facilitate the comparative studies for the same upconversion nanocrystal and therefore the influence of inhomogeneity in ensemble samples can be avoided. Here in this work, we couple a single particle of Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped nanocrystal with a plasmonic nanocavity composed of a single gold nanorod by using the in-situ nano-manipulation technique based on an atomic force microscope. Experimentally, we compare the upconversion luminescence spectra, upconversion luminescence lifetimes and excitation-power dependent upconversion luminescence intensities of the same single nanocrystal before and after coupling with the single gold nanorod. The experimental measurements are consistent with the theoretical calculations from rate equations combined with electromagnetic simulations. The results indicate that the plasmaonic nanocavity modulated nanocrystal upconversion luminescence spectrum is the combined result of three effects: the excitation field enhancement effect, the Purcell effect and the change of radiation efficiency.
Two-color resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of o-hydroxybenzonitrile and Franck-Condon simulation
Authors: Li Na , Li Shu-Xian , Wang Lin , Wang Hui-Hui , Yang Yong-Gang , Zhao Jian-Ming , Li Chang-Yong ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: January 2022

The cyano group is a typical electron-withdrawing group, which has aroused the interest of relevant researchers. Many papers reported the dispersed fluorescence spectra of o-hydroxybenzonitrile, its dimers, and complexes with small molecules, aiming to study the intermolecule hydrogen bond and the vibration features of the electronic ground state. There are also reports on using fluorescence excitation spectra to study excited state vibrations, but no report on the systematical analyzing of the vibration features of excited state spectra. Compared with fluorescence spectroscopy, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy detects ions to obtain excited state energy level data, which has mass-resolution capability, and eliminates the interference of impurities with different charge-to-mass ratios. The strong electron-withdrawing ability of cyano group results in higher ionization energy for molecules containing cyano groups. Many REMPI experiments on benzonitrile derivatives require two-color lasers. In this paper, two-color resonance enhanced two-photon ionization experiment is performed by using a home-made linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and the vibration-resolved REMPI spectrum of o-hydroxybenzonitrile is obtained for the first time. Combining the high-precision density functional theory calculations with the Franck-Condon spectral simulations, the spectral characteristics are analyzed in detail, and a large number of fundamental, overtone and combined vibrations are found. The spectral assignment is carried out as accurately as possible. Most of the fundamental vibrations located at ring are assigned to the in-plane distortion or swing of the ring, which is related to the expansion of the ring during the molecular excitation. Theoretical and experimental results show that the low-frequency signal of REMPI spectrum is strong, the background is low, the band is less, and the resolution is good. As the vibration frequency increases, the signal changes in the worse direction. This is because the low-frequency spectrum mainly comes from the low-frequency fundamental vibrations and a little contribution from overtones. As the vibration frequency increases, the contributions from overtone and combined vibrations gradually increase, resulting in dense bands and low resolution. Theoretical calculations show that the high-order vibration and combination of multi-mode vibrations usually have a lower Franck-Condon factor, so the signal gradually becomes weak as the frequency increases, and the signal-to-noise ratio becomes worse.
The mitotic spindle protein CKAP2 potently increases formation and stability of microtubules
Authors: McAlear Thomas S , Bechstedt Susanne
Published: January 2022

Cells increase microtubule dynamics to make large rearrangements to their microtubule cytoskeleton during cell division. Changes in microtubule dynamics are essential for the formation and function of the mitotic spindle, and misregulation can lead to aneuploidy and cancer. Using in vitro reconstitution assays we show that the mitotic spindle protein Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein 2 (CKAP2) has a strong effect on nucleation of microtubules by lowering the critical tubulin concentration 100-fold. CKAP2 increases the apparent rate constant ka of microtubule growth by 50-fold and increases microtubule growth rates. In addition, CKAP2 strongly suppresses catastrophes. Our results identify CKAP2 as the most potent microtubule growth factor to date. These finding help explain CKAP2’s role as an important spindle protein, proliferation marker, and oncogene.
Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the Sox2 lineage
Authors: Zheng Minyan , Zueva Olga , Hinman Veronica F
Published: January 2022

The ability to restore lost body parts following traumatic injury is a fascinating area of biology that challenges current understanding of the ontogeny of differentiation. The origin of new cells needed to regenerate lost tissue, and whether they are pluripotent or have de- or trans-differentiated, remains one of the most important open questions . Additionally, it is not known whether developmental gene regulatory networks are reused or whether regeneration specific networks are deployed. Echinoderms, including sea stars, have extensive ability for regeneration, however, the technologies for obtaining transgenic echinoderms are limited and tracking cells involved in regeneration, and thus identifying the cellular sources and potencies has proven challenging. In this study, we develop new transgenic tools to follow the fate of populations of cells in the regenerating larva of the sea star Patiria miniata. We show that the larval serotonergic nervous system can regenerate following decapitation. Using a BAC-transgenesis approach we show that expression of the pan ectodermal marker, sox2, is induced in previously sox2 minus cells , even when cell division is inhibited. sox2+ cells give rise to new sox4+ neural precursors that then proceed along an embryonic neurogenesis pathway to reform the anterior nervous systems. sox2+ cells contribute to only neural and ectoderm lineages, indicating that these progenitors maintain their normal, embryonic lineage restriction. This indicates that sea star larval regeneration uses a combination of existing lineage restricted stem cells, as well as respecification of cells into neural lineages, and at least partial reuse of developmental GRNs to regenerate their nervous system.
The big potential of the small frog Eleutherodactylus coqui
Authors: Westrick Sarah E , Laslo Mara , Fischer Eva K
Published: January 2022

The Puerto Rican coquí frogEleutherodactylus coquiis both a cultural icon and a species with an unusual natural history that has attracted attention from researchers in a number of different fields within biology. Unlike most frogs, the coquí frog skips the tadpole stage, which makes it of interest to developmental biologists. The frog is best known in Puerto Rico for its notoriously loud mating call, which has allowed researchers to study aspects of social behavior such as vocal communication and courtship, while the ability of coquí to colonize new habitats has been used to explore the biology of invasive species. This article reviews existing studies on the natural history ofE. coquiand discusses opportunities for future research.
DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging
Authors: Belsky Daniel W , Caspi Avshalom , Corcoran David L , Sugden Karen , Poulton Richie , Arseneault Louise , Baccarelli Andrea , Chamarti Kartik , Gao Xu , Hannon Eilis , Harrington Hona Lee , Houts Renate , Kothari Meeraj , Kwon Dayoon , Mill Jonathan , Schwartz Joel , Vokonas Pantel , Wang Cuicui , Williams Benjamin S , Moffitt Terrie E
Published: January 2022

Background:

Measures to quantify changes in the pace of biological aging in response to intervention are needed to evaluate geroprotective interventions for humans. Previously, we showed that quantification of the pace of biological aging from a DNA-methylation blood test was possible (Belsky et al., 2020). Here, we report a next-generation DNA-methylation biomarker of Pace of Aging, DunedinPACE (for Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome).

Methods:

We used data from the Dunedin Study 1972–1973 birth cohort tracking within-individual decline in 19 indicators of organ-system integrity across four time points spanning two decades to model Pace of Aging. We distilled this two-decade Pace of Aging into a single-time-point DNA-methylation blood-test using elastic-net regression and a DNA-methylation dataset restricted to exclude probes with low test-retest reliability. We evaluated the resulting measure, named DunedinPACE, in five additional datasets.

Results:

DunedinPACE showed high test-retest reliability, was associated with morbidity, disability, and mortality, and indicated faster aging in young adults with childhood adversity. DunedinPACE effect-sizes were similar to GrimAge Clock effect-sizes. In analysis of incident morbidity, disability, and mortality, DunedinPACE and added incremental prediction beyond GrimAge.

Conclusions:

DunedinPACE is a novel blood biomarker of the pace of aging for gerontology and geroscience.

Funding:

This research was supported by US-National Institute on Aging grants AG032282, AG061378, AG066887, and UK Medical Research Council grant MR/P005918/1.
Using InVEST to evaluate water yield services in Shangri-La, Northwestern Yunnan, China
Authors: Yu Yuanhe , Sun Xingqi , Wang Jinliang , Zhang Jianpeng
Published: January 2022

Water yield is an ecosystem service that is vital to not only human life, but also sustainable development of the social economy and ecosystem. This study used annual average precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, plant available water content, soil depth, biophysical parameters, Zhang parameter, and land use/land cover (LULC) as input data for the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to estimate the water yield of Shangri-La City from 1974 to 2015. The spatiotemporal variations and associated factors (precipitation, evapotranspiration, LULC, and topographic factors) in water yield ecosystem services were then analyzed. The result showed that: (1) The water yield of Shangri-La City decreases from north and south to the center and showed a temporal trend from 1974 to 2015 of an initial decrease followed by an increase. Areas of higher average water yield were mainly in Hutiaoxia Town, Jinjiang Town, and Shangjiang Township. (2) Areas of importance for water yield in the study area which need to be assigned priority protection were mainly concentrated in the west of Jiantang Town, in central Xiaozhongdian Town, in central Gezan Township, in northwestern Dongwang Township, and in Hutiaoxia Town. (3) Water yield was affected by precipitation, evapotranspiration, vegetation type, and topographic factors. Water yield was positively and negatively correlated with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, respectively. The average water yield of shrubs exceeded that of meadows and forests. Terrain factors indirectly affected the ecosystem service functions of water yield by affecting precipitation and vegetation types. The model used in this study can provide references for relevant research in similar climatic conditions.
Youths’ Posting Practices on Social Media for Digital Storytelling
Authors: Rubio-Hurtado María-José , Fuertes-Alpiste Marc , Martínez-Olmo Francesc , Quintana Jordi
Published: January 2022

Most young people spend time online every day in order to access social networks, where not only do they consume, but also produce content. The posting of content ends up reflecting a personal story in which young people recognize themselves. This posting practice requires competences that can be developed in digital literacy-related educational activities. Our research is aimed at understanding the posting habits of young people with the goal of integrating these practices in formal educational contexts. For this purpose, we have qualitatively analyzed the interviews of 21 young people. The results show different posting habits, as well as the motivating factors, perceptions and types of content posted by young people on social networks. An interpretative analysis of the results shows the possibilities of working on the storytelling experiences of young people on social networks from the perspective of the Personal Digital Storytelling educational methodology.
Personal Management of Digital Information in University Students from a Gender Perspective
Authors: López Vicent Patricia , Serrano José Luis , Gutiérrez Porlán Isabel
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the present study is to delve into the process of personal management of digital information among Spanish university students in their final year and to analyze whether there are similarities or differences regarding students’ gender. A non-experimental methodological design has been implemented of an exploratory type and based on a questionnaire as a single data collection instrument. The instrument was validated by means of experts’ judgement, cognitive interview, and construct validity. A total of 2,054 students’ surveys were collected, sourced from all areas of knowledge, in 75 public and private universities. These surveys made it possible to obtain information about the information search, selection, organization, processing, and creation processes. The results revealed that university students have a positive self-concept about their own competence for personal management of information. However, they fail to take advantage of all the possibilities that the digital world offers them. Women search the Internet for more diverse resources than men. They have better judgment when it comes to selecting and processing the information they need. Male students rely more often than female ones on digital mediums when organizing and creating information and choose to publish the information in less complex and more popular formats than their female counterparts. The conclusions of the present study match those of the majority of reviewed studies, namely regarding the organization of information, contextual and social factors which influence the management of information, such as third-party support, and also in relation to the increasing implementation of digital technologies in information management processes.
Technology Usage and Academic Performance in the Pisa 2018 Report
Authors: Navarro-Martinez Oscar , Peña-Acuña Beatriz
Published: January 2022

In the last two decades, the great technological advances sweeping society have made inroads into the educational sphere. The use of information and communication technology and social networks has opened up new possibilities for student learning, which require appropriate treatment by family and teachers. This quantitative study takes a new approach to investigating the relationship between Spanish teenage students’ academic success and their use of technology and social networks. It analyses data published in the 2018 PISA report to assess whether the use of these resources is appropriate, and to determine their impact on students’ learning and performance in reading, mathematics and science. The study takes a new approach in terms of the variables selected and the analysis of the data through two statistical measures. The results suggest that excessive use of technology and social networks, both during the week and at weekends, impairs performance. This finding is more acute in the case of male students, as the data indicates that they start at an earlier age and are more likely to use social media for the detrimental activity of online gaming.
Game-Based Assessment of School Readiness Domains of 3-8-year-old-children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Amukune Stephen , Barrett Karen Caplovitz , Józsa Krisztián
Published: January 2022

Precise assessment of school readiness is critical because it has practical and theoretical implications for children’s school and life success. However, school readiness assessment mainly relies on teacher reports and a few direct evaluations requiring a trained examiner. Studies indicate that 80% of games and apps target preschool children and education, suggesting that apps are familiar and fun for this age group. Previous reviews have focused on these apps’ training capability but not on their assessment of school readiness. This Scoping review examines 31 studies published from 2011-2019. The Evidence Centred Design (ECD) framework was used to evaluate game-based assessment (GBA) suitability to assess school readiness domains. Results show that it is possible to assess school readiness using GBA. Most studies assessed cognitive domains in school settings and adopted an external assessment of the tasks. However, most studies only evaluated one competency, and few intervention strategies targeted the enhancement of school readiness. Besides, few studies followed the ECD framework strictly. Implications include expanding the assessment to other school readiness domains with a real-time inbuilt assessment that conforms to the ECD framework. GBA provides a new approach to assess school readiness outside or inside the school settings in this online era.
Impact of Online Emotions and Netiquette on Phubbing from a Gender Perspective: Educational Challenges
Authors: Cebollero-Salinas Ana , Cano-Escoriaza Jacobo , Orejudo Santos
Published: January 2022

During adolescence, the Internet is mainly used for purposes of socialization. Non-verbal elements limit online communication, thus leading to widespread use of emotional resources. It would be preferable if virtual interaction did not reduce the quality of person-to-person contacts, particularly thanks to the adoption of netiquette (respectful treatment of others online). Phubbing, the tendency to check one’s mobile phone during a face-to-face conversation, has become a widespread practice that causes anxiety and can lead to social exclusion. Educating on this behavior could be related with emotional content and with netiquette. This study’s objectives are to analyze the extent to which the use of netiquette and online emotional content are associated with and can predict phubbing, taking gender differences into account. 935 adolescents (ages 12–17, 55,1% female) from 13 schools in the region of Aragon (Spain) responded to our questionnaire. Results are revealing: the level of online emotional content increases the level of phubbing; online emotional expression is the most influential risk factor in both genders; netiquette protects girls to a greater degree. We discuss the educational challenges posed by guaranteeing the responsible use of social networks.
Sharing Love for a Common World On and Off Screen. A Pedagogical and Technocentric Account
Authors: Vlieghe Joris
Published: January 2022

This contribution deals with the impact of digitisation on what it means to educate and to be educated, especially in the wake of the massive switch to on-screen learning during the COVID-19 crisis. It is argued that we can only adequately relate to this phenomenon if it is based on a strong pedagogical and technocentric account of (school) education. Drawing from authors such as Arendt, Lahire, Stiegler and Serres, the argument is made that four basic pedagogical operations (sharing love for the world, showing newcomers that there is a common world, drawing attention to things that matter, creating the student experience and sense of belonging within a new generation) is under considerable threat. At least, this is the case if we don’t try to conceive of new digital technologies in a pedagogically meaningful manner, instead of unreflectively relying on existing conferencing technologies.
Trends in Treatment Need and Receipt for Substance Use Disorders in the US
Authors: Liu Ligang , Zhang Chen , Nahata Milap C.
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to investigate trends in substance use disorder treatment need and receipt from 2013 to 2023 among the US population.
A Q‐Learning Algorithm to Solve the Two‐Player Zero‐Sum Game Problem for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Islam Afreen , Siming Chen Anthony , Herrmann Guido
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the two‐player zero‐sum game problem, which is a bounded ‐gain robust control problem. Finding an analytical solution to the complex Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Issacs (HJI) equation is a challenging task. Hence, a novel Q‐learning algorithm for unknown continuous‐time (CT) affine‐in‐inputs nonlinear systems is proposed for generating an approximate solution to the HJI equation, which is valid in a local domain due to the use of a local approximator, that is, a Neural Network (NN) structure. The approach is model‐free and does not require the knowledge of system drift dynamics, and input and disturbance gains. The algorithm learns online from measurements of state variables in real time. To generate the local approximate solution of the HJI equation for the two‐player zero‐sum game problem for nonlinear systems, the proposed non‐iterative algorithm requires only a single critic NN instead of the commonly used triple NN approximator structure. A persistence of excitation condition is required to guarantee Uniformly Ultimately Boundedness (UUB) and convergence to the optimal solution. The effectiveness of the proposed Q‐learning approach for the two‐player zero‐sum game problem is demonstrated via simulations of a linear F‐16 aircraft plant and a highly complex nonlinear system. Proof of closed‐loop system stability is provided using Lyapunov Analysis, and convergence of the approximate solution to the true saddle‐point solution is guaranteed in a UUB‐sense.
A High‐Sensitivity, Broadband (1A,1B)‐3 Single‐Crystal Composite Ultrasonic Transducer
Authors: Lei Yu , Gao Ziyan , Gan Guohong , Bai Wei , Wei Yang , Wang Bing , Yuan Xiaoting , Hou Zewei , Hong Jiawang , Dong Shuxiang
Published: January 2025

Piezocomposite ultrasonic transducers (PUTs) are extensively used in diverse technological fields, however, PUTs based on conventional 1–3 piezocomposite containing only one type of piezo pillars have met a bottleneck in further performance enhancement. Herein, based on the [011]‐oriented relaxor ferroelectric Pb(In1/3Nb2/3)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PMN‐PT) crystal, a novel (1A,1B)‐3 piezocomposite structure containing two types of single‐crystal pillars‐ high d33, kt pillars with square cross‐section (termed as 1A) and high dhgh pillars with rectangular cross‐section (termed as 1B), alternately arranging in epoxy resin and forming a 5 × 9 array are reported. The combination effect and synergistic action of two different piezo‐pillars in the piezocomposite notably broaden the working bandwidth, improve the sound sensitivity, and also produce a suppression effect to undesirable transverse vibration modes. Experimental results validate the performance enhancements of (1A,1B)‐3 composite‐based PUT: the increases in –3 dB transmitting, receiving bandwidth, and receiving sensitivity are 71.4%, 28.6%, and 26.6%, respectively, in comparison to conventional 13 single‐crystal composite‐based PUT. Moreover, its hydrostatic figure of merit (HFOM) dhgh (=4084.9 × 10−15 m2 N−1) is 177.3% higher than that of commercial single crystal 13 piezocomposites. The proposed design strategy represents a promising development direction of next‐generation bandwidth and high‐sensitivity ultrasonic transducers.
Transmission‐Reflection‐Integrated Programmable Metasurface for Simultaneous and Independent Control of Bidirectional Incident Waves
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Yin , Wu Jun Wei , Dai Jun Yan , Wang Si Ran , Li Hui Dong , Chen You Jia , Cheng Qiang
Published: January 2025

The flexible control of electromagnetic (EM) waves across the entire spatial domain is a long‐standing aspiration in metasurface research, driven by its potential to enhance signal coverage and channel capacity. However, most existing full‐space metasurfaces are restricted to manipulating incidence within one specific half‐space, failing to exploit the EM potential across the entire space. This paper introduces a novel bidirectional transmission‐reflection‐integrated metasurface (BTRIM) for simultaneous and independent control of full‐space incident waves. By dynamically adjusting diode states, the BTRIM can switch among simultaneous and independent forward/backward reflection, forward transmission‐reflection (TR), and backward TR functions, each with an independent 1‐bit phase response. The core innovation lies in integrating transmission and reflection within a single structure, enabling the metasurface to function at the same frequency and polarization within a compact design. Simulations and experimental validation are conducted to demonstrate BTRIM's ability to implement various wave functions and enhance signal intensity for users in both indoor and outdoor environments. The agreement between simulation and experimental results validates the BTRIM's capacity to simultaneously and independently regulate EM waves from all spatial directions, offering new insights into full‐space wave manipulation. This breakthrough creates opportunities for applications in EM sensing, channel enhancement, and next‐generation communication systems.
Manipulating Boiling Bubble Dynamics on Under‐Liquid Superaerophobic Silicon Surfaces for High‐Performance Phase‐Change Cooling
Authors: Yu Chuanghui , Xu Zhe , He Shaofan , Feng Chengcheng , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2025

Enhancing critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) by promoting the nucleation, growth, and departure of boiling bubbles has drawn significant attention owing to its wide applications. However, in‐depth understanding and comprehensive manipulation of under‐liquid bubble dynamics from in situ microscale perspectives remain challenging. Herein, in situ observations and analyses of the microsized boiling bubbles of ultra‐low surface tension fluorinated liquids (FLs) are conducted on the superaerophobic silicon surfaces with crisscross microchannels and selective nanowires. It is revealed that deep microchannels yet short nanowires enable ultrafast liquid spreading (<549.6 ms) and ultralow bubble adhesion (≈1.1 µN), while an appropriate spacing (240–600 µm) between microchannels minimizes the bubble departure time (<20.6 ms) due to timely coalescence. By verifying the above bubble dynamics principles through the collaborative enhancement of CHF and HTC, an optimized structure (microchannel depth ≈52.9 µm, microchannel spacing ≈362.9 µm, nanowire length ≈0 nm) is obtained and further implemented onto the exposed Si surface of a commercial CPU chip. Cooled by phase‐change of FLs, the average temperature of CPU maintains ≈64.9 °C even under extreme power loads (≈130 W), far below than those in conventional air‐cooling and water‐cooling operations.
Redox‐Enhanced Ionogels for Stretchable High‐Energy Density Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Kim Min Su , Heo Incheol , Kang Min Seok , Jeon Bo Geun , Cho Kyung Gook , Yoo Won Cheol , Lee Keun Hyung
Published: January 2025

Developing stretchable energy storage devices with high energy and power densities poses a significant challenge for future wearable/deformable electronics. This study proposes new redox (R)‐ionogels that incorporate organodisulfides as redox species for high‐energy, stretchable redox‐enhanced solid‐state electrochemical capacitors (R‐SECs). The R‐SECs are prepared using R‐ionogels made from tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETDS), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]), and a physically crosslinked polymer network (poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene), P(VDF‐HFP)), sandwiched between two carbonaceous electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge characteristics of the R‐SECs demonstrated both effective redox reactions and non‐faradaic capacitive energy storage. The optimized 0.25 M TETDS R‐ionogel achieved a specific capacitance of 405 F g‒1, 83% rate retention, 80% cyclic stability after 2000 cycles, an energy density of 117 Wh kg‒1, and a power density of 5.9 kW kg‒1. Additionally, the 0.25 M TETDS enhanced the mechanical properties of the ionogel, increasing the strain at break from 1.92 to 3.25 and toughness from 0.38 to 1.35 MJ m⁻3. Finally, stretchable R‐SECs possessing excellent stretching/releasing durability at 100% strain and volumetric energy densities 26.3 mWh cm−3 that surpass the upper bound of the Ragone plot for reported stretchable capacitors are successfully fabricated for the first time.
2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskites/PVDF‐TrFE Photodetector for Anti‐Interference Vision System Derived from Ferroelectric Polarization Modulation
Authors: Zhang Xinglong , Hong Enliu , Tan Xiaojun , Liu Jie , Jiang Anquan , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: January 2025

2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites have garnered increasing attention for their excellent photoresponse, characterized by high carrier mobility, tunable bandgaps, high optical absorption, and molecular asymmetry. Herein, centimeter scale single crystal 2D hybrid perovskites, BA2PbBr4 (BPB) is synthesized, using quasi‐static cooling method and composited with ferroelectric PVDF‐TrFE(PT) film to construct a multi‐field coupling photodetector (PD) via van der Waals force contact. Ferroelectric tests show that the PT film exhibits a saturated polarization strength of 3.6 µC cm−2, allowing the ferroelectric localized field to modulate the band structure of PT and enhance the photocurrent. The Heterojunction systems exhibit ultra‐high responsivity (15.3 A W−1) and detectivity (1.99 × 1013 Jones) under 390 nm illumination at 3 V bias, with a performance improvement of over 102 times compared to BPB PDs. Furthermore, the hybrid PDs exhibit highly stable I–t curve with a photocurrent retention rate of 97.4%. Leveraging this feature, a large‐area imaging device is designed at the centimeter level scale, enabling multifunctional vision applications accurate letter imaging process and anti‐interference number detection. The work presents a valuable insight in design of future autonomous driving vision systems.
Strong Component‐Interaction in N‐doped 2D Ti3C2Tx‐Supported Pt Electrocatalyst for Acidic Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Huynh Tai Thien , Huynh Quyen , Nguyen Anh Quoc Khuong , Pham Hau Quoc
Published: January 2025

Designing electrocatalysts with the selective C─C bond breaking in ethanol electro‐oxidation is of interest as an efficient strategy to accelerate the large‐scale applications of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are herein on N‐doped 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene via two‐step synthesis steps including NH3‐assisted hydrothermal and NaBH4‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction routes. With the selective C─C bond breaking, the as‐obtained 16 wt.% Pt/N‐Ti3C2Tx catalyst exhibits 435.35 mA mgPt−1 mass activity and 0.83 mA cm−2 specific activity, being 1.26‐ and 1.77‐fold increase compared to those of commercially available 20 wt.% Pt/C (346.21 mA mgPt−1 and 0.47 mA cm−2). This originates from the advantages of unique 2D structures and the strong interplay between Pt NPs and nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2Tx. Also, the Pt/N‐Ti3C2Tx shows superior CO‐poisoning resistance and long‐term stability for the acidic ethanol electro‐oxidation reaction (EOR). This work demonstrates the potential of heteroatom‐doped Ti3C2Tx MXenes to increase the C1 pathway selectivity and the catalytic performance of Pt‐based electrocatalysts in DEFCs.
A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
Authors: Fu Jiayan , Wu Shuangqi , Bao Nengcheng , Wu Lili , Qu Huiru , Wang Zhechao , Dong Haiyang , Wu Jian , Jin Yongfeng
Published: January 2025

Personalized neoantigen cancer mRNA vaccines are promising candidates for precision medicine. However, the difficulty of identifying neoantigens heavily hinders their broad applicability. This study developed a universal strategy of anti‐tumor mRNA vaccine by harnessing “off‐the‐shelf” immunity to known antigens. First, the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is used for mRNA vaccine design. In vitro test indicated that this mRNA vaccine reprogrammed tumor cells that can be recognized and killed by OVA‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In situ mRNA vaccine notably inhibited tumor growth across three subcutaneous solid tumor models in mice. Further single‐cell sequencing analyses revealed that mRNA vaccination act to reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) toward more proinflammatory characteristics. Strikingly, this framework of mRNA‐based strategy can be applied to two clinical pathogen antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor‐binding domain (SRBD). Interestingly, the mRNA‐based strategy largely recapitulated the scenario of spontaneous cancer regression following pathogen infection or vaccination. Collectively, this study provides not only proof of concept for universal anti‐tumor mRNA therapy, but also mechanistic insights in echoing the long‐standing puzzle of spontaneous cancer regression.
Relocating Conjugated 2P Valence Electrons in Carbon Host to Stabilize I+ for Novel Zn‐I2 Battery
Authors: Zhang Peng‐Fang , Ma Meng‐Meng , Wu Xu , Chu Wen‐Wen , Xu Shu‐Ling , Su Hai‐Xia , Du Fang‐Hui , Liu Ling‐Yang , Kong Xiang‐Jin , Li Heng‐Xiang , Ding Lei , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Li Zong‐Ge , Zhou Yao , Zhang Shao‐Jian , Wang Yao , Zhen Chun‐hua , Li Jun‐Tao
Published: January 2025

Zn‐I2 battery with four‐electron reaction path (I−/I2/I+) in the cathode delivers high energy density, which however is thermodynamically not favored as I+ is metastable. Herein, it is demonstrated that conjugated 2P valence electrons in graphitic framework can be relocated, offering chances to stabilize I+ species. Combinations of 2P elements (B, N, C, O) with various configurations are first screened computationally, identifying O─B─C─N as the optimal structure. In this B‐centered domain, the adjacent O and meta‐positioned N, owing to more valence electrons and higher electronegativity, are found to withdraw electrons from surrounding C atoms and enrich 2Pz orbital of the electron‐deficient B site at Fermi level; with weak electronegativity, the electronically enriched B tends to donate electrons to the reactants, which thus can stabilize I+ and also enhance adsorption of iodine species on the carbon host. Carbon nanosheets with abundant O─B─C─N domains are developed accordingly; the relevant Zn‐I2 battery shows a large capacity of 420.3 mAh g−1 and high coulombic efficiency of 98.9% under 0.8 A g−1; moreover, it can stand for 9000 cycles with a capacity retention of 88.8%. This computation‐guided study presents how the interplay of various 2p‐elements can be manipulated to pursue an efficient carbon host for novel Zn‐I2 batteries.
Heterojunction Ferroelectric Materials Enhance Ion Transport and Fast Charging of Polymer Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shan Jiayao , Gu Rong , Xu Jinting , Gong Shuaiqi , Guo Shuainan , Xu Qunjie , Shi Penghui , Min YuLin
Published: January 2025

Solid polymer electrolytes offer great promise for all‐solid‐state batteries, but their advancement is constrained due to the low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and non‐uniform ion transport, which hampers fast‐charging capabilities. In this study, a ferroelectric heterojunction composite is incorporated into poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) based solid electrolytes to establish an interfacial electric field that enhances lithium salt dissociation and promotes uniform ion deposition. Electrospun 1D BaTiO3 nanofibers serve as a long‐range organic/inorganic (polymer/filler) interface for ion transport, while MoSe2 hydrothermally grown on BaTiO3 forms Li2Se‐rich high‐speed ion conductors. The piezoelectric effect of the ferroelectric material helps suppress lithium dendrite growth by reversing internal charges and reducing local overpotentials. Consequently, the PVBM electrolyte achieves a substantia ionic conductivity of 6.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a Li‐ion transference number of 0.61 at 25 °C. The LiFePO4/PVBM/Li solid‐state batteries demonstrate an initial discharge capacity of 146 mAh g−1 at 1 C, with a capacity preservation of 80.2% upon completion of 1200 cycles, and an initial discharge capacity of 110.7 mAh g−1 at 5 C. These findings highlight the prospect of ferroelectric ceramic fillers to significantly improve ion transport and fast‐charging performance in polymer electrolytes.
Graphite/Nanosilicon Composite Anode for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with Improved Energy Density and Cyclability
Authors: Chng Cheng Jie , Abe Yusuke , Kumagai Seiji
Published: January 2025

The current energy density of Li‐ion capacitors (LICs) is unfavorable for industrial applications, due to the asymmetrical electrochemical kinetics between the anode and cathode. Herein, the energy density of composite anode materials is increased by optimizing the mass ratio between graphite (Gr) and nano‐Si to enable the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) to effectively buffer the large volume changes of Si during lithiation/delithiation. A twice‐repeated prelithiation method is used to stabilize the SEI and eliminate the irreversible capacity of the composite anodes. Variation of the Gr:nano‐Si mass ratio of the composite anode from 0 to 40 mass% shows that, although the LIC with a Gr:nano‐Si mass ratio of 80:20 (Gr80Si20) exhibits the highest energy density (91.9 Wh kg−1), its energy density deteriorates drastically after 10 000 cycles, retaining only 34.8% of its initial energy density. Conversely, the LIC with the composite anode with a Gr:nano‐Si mass ratio of 60:40 (Gr60Si40) has slightly lower energy density (87.3 Wh kg−1) but demonstrates outstanding cycling performance with energy density retention of 87.2% after 10 000 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating Gr/nano‐Si composite anodes into LICs for high‐energy‐density industrial applications.
From Graphene Oxide to N‐Doped Graphene: Understanding the Doping Process
Authors: Ruiz‐Marizcal José Manuel , Paez‐Ornelas José Israel , Fernández‐Escamilla Héctor Noé , Murillo‐Bracamontes Eduardo Antonio , Alonso‐Núñez Gabriel , Perez‐Tijerina Eduardo G. , Takeuchi Noboru , Romo‐Herrera José Manuel
Published: January 2025

N‐doped carbon nanostructures have gained attention as an alternative electrocatalyst for diverse reactions. They are making attractive the scalable methods to achieve enough material. However, optimizing the appropriate nitrogen species in the N‐doped graphitic electrocatalysts is critical. Here, the N‐doping process to obtain N‐doped graphene starting from graphene oxide (GO) as the precursor to contributing toward this goal is explored. The role of doping temperatures and doping times on nitrogen incorporation into the graphene sheets, the subsequent desorption, and the influence of the oxygen (O) species from the GO during the N‐doping process are analyzed. The experimental evidence is combined with first‐principles density functional theory calculations to understand key characteristics of the N‐doping process, particularly emphasizing the proportion of N species obtained. Finally, the critical sensitivity to N species proportions present in the electrocatalysts is illustrated by evaluating the activity and selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction with a set of three different samples designed.
Analysis of the characteristics and management of perforated peptic ulcer from 2011 to 2022: A multicenter and retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Hoshi Hiromasa , Endo Akira , Ito Koji , Akutsu Tomohiro , Odera Hikaru , Shiraki Hideto , Ito Kei , Yokoyama Takeshi , Narita Yasukazu , Masuda Taro , Suekane Akira , Morishita Koji
Published: January 2025

Aim

Although perforated peptic ulcer is common in Japan, few large‐scale studies have assessed its management, including surgical procedures and outcomes. This study aimed to survey the characteristics, management, and outcomes of perforated peptic ulcer.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective descriptive analysis was conducted across seven centers in Japan between 2011 and 2022. Perforated peptic ulcer was defined as gastric or duodenal ulcer perforation, excluding malignant or iatrogenic perforation.

Results

We enrolled 703 patients with perforated peptic ulcer. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 35/703 (5.0%). Conservative treatment was performed as an initial treatment in 217/703 (30.9%) patients, among whom 52 (24.0%) eventually underwent surgery. The median age (interquartile range) of patients who successfully completed the conservative treatment was 60 (46–71) years. A total of 538/703 (76.5%) patients underwent surgery. The gastrectomy percentage increased with the perforation diameter. The anastomotic leakage rate for gastrectomy was high in 10/66 (15.2%) patients. Laparoscopy was performed in 115/538 (21.4%) patients, among whom 23 (20.0%) were converted to open surgery. Patients who underwent laparoscopy had a perforation diameter ≤ 20 mm. The use of laparoscopy varied among facilities, ranging from 1.8% to 61.2%.

Conclusion

The in‐hospital mortality rate for perforated peptic ulcer in this study was 5.0%, and conservative treatment was safely performed even in elderly patients. As the perforation diameter increased, the rate of gastrectomy tended to rise, and the rate of anastomotic leakage in those patients was high. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry; UMIN000054391.
Patient‐Reported Outcome Scale for Allergic Rhinitis (AR‐PRO): Development and Validation in China
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ren Jiaming , Chen Tao , Wang Jiajia , Li Jiansheng , Xie Yang
Published: January 2025

Background

Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) have become indispensable measures in allergic rhinitis (AR) clinical trials. However, there is currently no scale specifically designed for the Chinese population. This study aimed to develop and validate the patient‐reported outcome scale for allergic rhinitis (AR‐PRO) to provide a reliable tool for AR patients in China.

Methods

We analyzed the relevant literature and medical records, and conducted interviews and panel discussions to develop the conceptual framework and generate the item pool. We subjected the collected items to removal, mergence, or modification to form the initial scale through a qualitative review by experts and patients. Subsequently, we conducted two field surveys to select items for the final scale based on the classical test theory and item response theory (IRT). Finally, we conducted a formal survey to assess the measurement properties of the AR‐PRO.

Results

The AR‐PRO comprised 20 items across four domains, including physiology, psychology, environment, and satisfaction. The Cronbach's α coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between two AR‐PRO‐based measurements were 0.910 and 0.950, respectively. The content validity, structural validity, criterion validity, and discriminant validity all met relevant standards. The item analysis results based on IRT were acceptable. Both the response rate and completion rate of the scale were 100%, and the average completion time was 380.4 ± 123.6 s.

Conclusion

The 20‐item AR‐PRO developed may be a reliable and scientific measure for AR clinical trials as it exhibited good reliability, validity, and feasibility.
Obtaining Damage Parameters for Out‐of‐Plane Adhesive Failure in Epoxy–Aluminum Interface
Authors: Dizaji Shahram A. , Khabaz‐Aghdam Ata , İbrahimoğlu Fatih
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the out‐of‐plane adhesive failure mechanisms at the interface between Araldite 2011 epoxy adhesive and aluminum surfaces. Pull‐off tests were performed on aluminum substrates, which were prepared using various grades of sandpaper to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive strength. The results showed that aluminum surfaces treated with P150 sandpaper provided better adhesion compared to other surface preparations. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and visual inspections of the fracture surfaces confirmed that interfacial adhesive failure was the dominant failure mode. A modified triangular traction–separation (TS) damage model was developed to characterize the adhesive/aluminum interface, taking into account the influence of surface roughness. This model was constructed using load–displacement data from the pull‐off tests. Additionally, a 2D axisymmetric finite‐element model was created to simulate the mechanical behavior of the system, and the TS model was validated against experimental results. The numerical analysis revealed that the interfacial region experiencing adhesive failure played a critical role in the load–displacement response of the pull‐off specimens.
Ballistic Penetration Behavior of a Novel Tissue Analogs Paraffin Target: Experiment, Simulation, and Theory
Authors: Qiao Yakun , Wang Jie , Lei Di , Nie Shuyan , Wei Zhen , Gong Liangfei , Wang Jianmin , Liu Zhanfang
Published: January 2025

The tissue analog targets (TATs) are widely used in biodamage and weapon damage effectiveness evaluation research. Given the issues of commonly used TATs, such as the low plasticity of gelatin and the environmental pollution caused by the fabrication of soap, this paper innovatively proposes to use paraffin as the raw material for making TATs. Firstly, the paraffin target samples are prepared by melt casting process, and the quasi‐static mechanical properties, antibullet properties, and corresponding ballistic characteristics of paraffin targets are obtained by MTS quasi‐static test and 7.62 mm ballistic gun test, respectively. Then, LS‐DYNA is utilized to construct the finite‐element (FE) model of fragment penetration on a ballistic paraffin target. After validating the FE model with ballistic gun test data, we systematically simulate the ballistic penetration behavior of fragments with different materials, shapes, and geometries on ballistic paraffin targets, and reveal the relationship between the depth of penetration of the ballistic paraffin target and the impact velocity of various fragments. Based on the classic penetration resistance theory, a theoretical model for predicting the depth of penetration on ballistic paraffin targets has been established, and the quantitative expressions for the fragment shape and material parameters in the proposed model are given by considering both data of the ballistic gun test and the FE simulation. This work can provide novel ideas and methods for the development and upgrading of TATs.