bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Technology-Based Medical Information Processing and Emergency First Aid Nursing Management
Authors: Liu Qing , Yang Liping , Peng Qingrong
Published: February 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the new management mode of medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management under the new artificial intelligence technology. This study will use the artificial intelligence algorithm to optimize medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management process, in order to improve the efficiency of emergency department and first aid efficiency. The successful rescue rates of hemorrhagic shock, coma, dyspnea, and more than three organs injury were 96.7%, 92.5%, 93.7%, and 87.2%, respectively, after the emergency first aid nursing mode was used in the hospital emergency center. The success rates of first aid within three years were compared, which were 91.8%, 93.4%, and 94.2%, respectively, showing an increasing trend year by year. 255 emergency patients in five batches in June and five batches in July were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method. Among them, 116 cases in June were taken as the experimental group, and 139 cases in July were taken as the control group, which was used to verify the efficiency of the design model in this study. The results showed that the triage time of the two groups was

8.16
±
2.07

 min and

19.21
±
6.36

 min, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.01

). The triage coincidence rates were 96.35% and 90.04%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The research proved that the design of intelligent medical information processing and emergency first aid nursing management research model can effectively improve the triage efficiency of the wounded, assist the efficiency of emergency nursing of medical staff, and improve the survival rate of emergency patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
An Efficient Lightweight Cryptographic Instructions Set Extension for IoT Device Security
Authors: El Hadj Youssef Wajih , Abdelli Ali , Dridi Fethi , Brahim Rim , Machhout Mohsen
Published: February 2022

The Internet of Things is changing all sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, city infrastructure, and the automotive industry. All these applications ask for secure processors that can be embedded in the IoT devices. Furthermore, these devices are restricted in terms of computing capabilities, memory, and power consumption. A major challenge is how to meet the need for security in such resource-constrained devices. This paper presents a customized version of LEON3, the ReonV RISCV (Reduced Instruction Set Computer-five) processor, dedicated for IoT applications that has strong effective security mechanisms built in at the design stage. Firstly, efficient lightweight cipher designs are elaborated and validated. Then, the proposed cryptographic instructions (PRESENT and PRINCE) are integrated into the default instruction set architecture of the ReonV processor core. The instruction set extensions (ISE) of lightweight cipher modules can be instantiated in software routines exactly as the instructions of the base architecture. A single instruction is needed to implement a full lightweight cryptographic instruction. The customized ReonV RISCV processor is implemented on a Xilinx FPGA platform and is evaluated for Slice LUTs plus FF-pairs, frequency, and throughput. Obtained results show that our proposed concepts not only can achieve good encryption results with high performance and reduced cost but also are secure enough to resist against the most common attacks.
Extending the geographic and altitudinal range of Popilius gibbosus (Burmeister, 1847) (Coleoptera: Passalidae) with taxonomical comments
Authors: Bevilaqua Marcus , Fonseca Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos da
Published: February 2022

Popilius gibbosus (Burmeister, 1847) was known only from localities in the Cordillera Oriental of the northern Andes in Colombia and Venezuela and the southern section in Colombia between 1,350-3,000 m. Herein, we provide the first record for Bolivia at low elevations (< 1,000 m), thus extending the geographic and altitudinal range of this species. Information about characters not yet used and the first description of the aedeagus are provided, accompanied with figures of those characters that facilitate the identification of the species. An identification key for Popilius species in Bolivia and a P. gibbosus distribution map are also provided.
Sustentabilidade em Arquitetura e Urbanismo: um ponto sempre presente
Authors: Shimbo Lucia Zanin
Published: February 2022

A publicação da prova escrita do concurso público de livre-docente junto ao Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (IAU-USP), realizado em novembro de 2020, procura contribuir para a problematização e atualização do debate sobre o tema tão polissêmico da Sustentabilidade em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica recente, este ensaio aponta uma urgência que é, ao mesmo tempo, seu argumento principal: as inovações sócio-técnicas que têm como horizonte a sustentabilidade da vida humana na Terra, desenvolvidas no campo ampliado das ciências e tecnologia, precisam ser consubstanciadas com as análises da teoria do valor, da governança urbana e da contabilidade crítica. Caso contrário, elas podem permanecer na excepcionalidade do protótipo ou na reduzida mitigação de danos ambientais ou, ainda, restritas a certos mercados que podem pagar por tais inovações, sem tocarem nas questões estruturais que orientam os processos de acumulação no capitalismo.
Filosofia e Webcomics: uma análise neopragmatista de Zen Pencils
Authors: Silva Heraldo Aparecido , Nunes John Ágne Campêlo
Published: February 2022

Tem como objetivo analisar as webcomics Zen Pencils a partir das contribuições teóricas do filósofo neopragmatista Richard Rorty sobre os gêneros narrativos. O aporte teórico baseia-se nos escritos de Moya (1993), Rorty (2006; 2007), McLaughlin (2005), McCloud (2008), Eisner (2010), Than (2012), dentre outros. Visa contribuir para o fomento de estudos e pesquisas sobre webcomics no âmbito filosófico e educacional dentro dos parâmetros do neopragmatismo.
Método Cartográfico no projeto da Arquitetura da Paisagem
Authors: Schenk Luciana Bongiovanni Martins , Lima Maria Cecília Pedro Bom de
Published: February 2022

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica acerca do Método Cartográfico como estratégia para o processo de leitura da cidade e projeto em Arquitetura da Paisagem. Discorre sobre a relação histórica entre Cartografia e Paisagem, explicitando articulações entre Ciência e Arte e partindo da ideia de Cartografia como representação do mundo até sua concepção como estratégia metodológica. A descrição desse percurso busca criticar métodos de desenvolvimento de projeto estritamente pragmáticos que definem suas ações segundo uma visão de sobrevoo, pouco relacionada às especificidades do lugar. Procura-se descrever como a Cartografia, enquanto processo, apresenta o potencial de abarcar as complexidades e polissemias da ideia de Paisagem.
Grifes arquitetônicas no século XXI
Authors: Carvalho Lorena Petrovich Pereira de
Published: February 2022

Inserindo-se nos estudos acerca da arquitetura icônica contemporânea este artigo visa discutir dados levantados sobre arquitetos responsáveis pela mesma, a fim de auxiliar na compreensão das relações entre o grupo e o contexto no qual desenvolvem suas atividades. Para tanto, baseia-se na análise das experiências de 50 nomes da arquitetura contemporânea, correspondentes a 37 escritórios, para os quais foram investigados aspectos da formação acadêmica e da atuação profissional, bem como da participação em concursos de projetos e da aquisição de importantes prêmios na área de arquitetura.
Aula sobre a "Canção do exílio" de Gonçalves Dias
Authors: Martins Eduardo Vieira
Published: February 2022

Preparação da primeira aula da disciplina Estudos Literários I, da graduação em Letras da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, pelo professor Eduardo Vieira Martins.
Da artesania à apoteose: o traje e a movimentação das componentes da ala das baianas de carnaval
Authors: Borges Maria Eduarda Andreazzi
Published: February 2022

O artigo apresenta a trajetória do traje usado pelas componentes da ala das baianas nos desfiles oficiais das escolas de samba, relacionando a sua grande expansão – em termos de maior ornamentação vertical, dimensional e direcional – ao espaço físico onde se desenrola a performance das escolas de samba desde a criação do campeonato em 1932. As principais referências teóricas são CABRAL (2011); FERREIRA (1999 e 2010); CAVALCANTI (2011).
A necessidade (ou não) de prévia autorização legislativa para a venda de subsidiárias de empresas estatais
Authors: Stumpf Guilherme
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho pretende analisar, com base na Constituição Federal, nas leis e nas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, a obrigatoriedade ou não de prévia autorização legislativa para a venda de subsidiárias de empresas estatais. Com o intuito de melhor compreender a natureza da discussão, num primeiro momento, será realizado um apanhado teórico sobre a ordem econômica na Constituição e as empresas públicas. Após, analisar-se-á de forma breve a Lei das Estatais (Lei 13.303/2016), pormenorizando os conceitos de empresa-matriz e empresa subsidiária. Por fim, serão analisados dois julgamentos mais recentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal envolvendo a matéria, além de apresentados comentários acerca de Proposta de Emenda Constitucional protocolada na Câmara dos Deputados sobre o tema.
A inversão do ônus da prova na ação de improbidade administrativa: uma necessária releitura em busca de uma maior efetividade no combate à corrupção
Authors: Sobreiro Renan Teixeira
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objeto discutir a possibilidade de inversão do ônus da prova na ação de improbidade administrativa a título de conferir maior eficácia a esse importante instrumento jurídico no combate à corrupção. Em seu conteúdo, analisa-se a ação de improbidade administrativa e seus problemas empíricos relacionados principalmente com a dificuldade na constituição probatória, o que restringe de forma significativa a sua efetividade. Nesse contexto, com base em expressa previsão legal – diferente, é verdade, da que comumente lhe é atribuída – e fundamentos metajurídicos, a inversão do ônus da prova se apresenta como possível solução para o combate à corrupção.
Tantas Marias
Authors: Rocha Angela Maria
Published: February 2022

Diversas circunstâncias podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de obras de arte na música, na literatura ou nas artes visuais e são muitos os exemplos conhecidos. Inegavelmente, o tempo, o local, o vivido (também delírios ou sonhos) provocam interesse e motivação para os artistas e para espectadores. O presente trabalho de pinturas realizadas em série, aqui apresentado, relata uma experiência recorrente, a que muitos artistas recorrem ou recorreram, revisitando obras de arte, estudando-as e nelas se inspirando. Inúmeras vezes nada desse processo se evidencia no resultado. Entretanto, podem expressar inquietação ou curiosidade sobre o fazer da arte e, seguramente, as obras do passado, em qualquer modalidade, são referências para o presente.
Atención primaria en salud reto de los profesionales de enfermería: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Duran Niño Erika Yurley , Campos de Aldana María Stella , Arboleda de Pérez Ligia Betty
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura científica sobre la formación en la atención primaria en salud (APS) en los profesionales de enfermería permitiéndonos conocer los retos ante la renovación de esta estrategia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó revisión de la literatura encontrada seleccionando 55 artículos de varias fuentes científicas, entre los últimos 10 años, en bases de datos electrónicas (MEDLINE, IME, LILACS, Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Embase, CUIDEN, CINAHL, BDIE); la selección se realizó mediante la interpretación, síntesis y análisis crítico de los artículos seleccionados. RESULTADOS: Las instituciones de educación superior en Colombia vienen trabajando en la formación de los estudiantes de pregrado, respondiendo a los ejes establecidos en el fortalecimiento del recurso humano en salud. Esto, para la aplicación del modelo integral de atención en salud, enfocándolo al fortalecimiento de los perfiles laborales y adquisición de competencias que puedan generar aportes significativos a la realidad y necesidades de individuo, familia, comunidad, así como las diferentes culturas y grupos étnicos con humanización, acogiéndose al sistema general de seguridad social en salud. En diferentes países se ha realizado análisis de los enfoques de APS renovada e integral, implicando transformaciones en la educación con la formación por competencias, trabajo interprofesional, trabajo en equipo, fortaleciendo la comunicación con la comunidad y equipo de salud. CONCLUSIONES: Basado en la revisión narrativa, se resalta la importancia de desarrollar estudios investigativos de cómo han sido las intervenciones realizadas por los estudiantes con las competencias adquiridas en su proceso formativo y la gestión para mejorar las condiciones de salud de la comunidad.
Trayectorias de estrés familiar y laboral y su asociación con accidentes cerebrovasculares
Authors: Jerez Ríos María Pilar , Madero-Cabib Ignacio
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVOS: Reconstruir tipos de trayectorias de estrés simultáneo en el dominio familiar y laboral en diferentes etapas de la vida y estimar su asociación con accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) en la vejez. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó una encuesta retrospectiva, cara a cara, y representativa de personas de 65 a 75 años en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile (n = 802). Se empleó un análisis de secuencias multicanal para reconstruir tipos de trayectorias de estrés familiar y laboral en diversas etapas de la vida y luego se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para estimar la asociación de estos tipos de trayectoria con ACV en la vejez, controlado por factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron cuatro tipos representativos de trayectorias de estrés familiar y laboral: (1) Ausencia de estrés familiar y laboral, (2) Ausencia de estrés familiar, estrés laboral persistente, (3) Ausencia de estrés familiar, fuera de mercado laboral, y (4) Estrés familiar persistente, ausencia de estrés laboral. El 61,7% de la muestra siguió trayectorias marcadas por la presencia permanente de estrés familiar y/o laboral. Asimismo, el 18,3% tuvo una trayectoria caracterizada por la ausencia prolongada del mercado del trabajo. Las personas con trayectorias de estrés familiar o laboral persistente, así como aquellas con períodos extensos de inactividad, tienen más riesgo de desarrollar ACV. CONCLUSIONES: El estrés es un factor de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares que experimenta de manera prolongada muchas personas en distintas etapas y dominios de la vida. En consecuencia, los sistemas de prevención de este tipo de enfermedades crónicas deben enfatizar los efectos altamente nocivos de enfrentar cotidiana y acumulativamente experiencias de vida estresantes. Esto a su vez podría mitigar las múltiples consecuencias sanitarias y financieras asociadas al ACV.
Por que a assistência em saúde mental não acompanha a estruturação da atenção primária?
Authors: Lima Antonio Moacir de Jesus , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Machado Antonio Thomaz Gonzaga da Matta , Santos Alainer de Fátima dos
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO: Verificar se equipes de atenção básica que possuem atributos mais bem estruturados da atenção primária à saúde (APS) conseguem oferecer melhor assistência em saúde mental (SM). MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado a partir dos dados da avaliação externa do segundo ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), envolvendo 31.587 equipes de atenção básica, entre 2013 e 2014. Foram construídas duas tipologias: qualidade da assistência em saúde mental (variável dependente) e estruturação da APS segundo atributos essenciais (variável independente). Para a construção da tipologia de saúde mental, foram identificados conteúdos sobre o tema no módulo II do PMAQ e realizados somatórios das perguntas para a categorização dos índices. Para a estruturação da APS segundo atributos, utilizou-se técnica Delphi para consensualidade em quatro rodadas referendadas por especialistas. Com análises de regressão logística multinomial, verificou-se associação entre as tipologias e identificou-se qual atributo mais contribuía para qualidade da atenção em saúde mental. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que 29,2% das equipes encontram-se em um nível baixo de qualidade em assistência à SM, enquanto 7,5% das equipes apresentam um nível baixo de estruturação da APS segundo atributos essenciais. Diferenças regionais são mantidas, tanto para estruturação da APS quanto para a qualidade da assistência à saúde mental. Evidenciou-se uma chance maior de realizar uma assistência em SM com melhor qualidade quando a APS está mais bem estruturada em nível alto (OR = 14,74) e em nível médio (OR = 2,193). Alto nível de Integralidade está associado a alto nível de Qualidade da Assistência em SM (OR = 3,21). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam que há predomínio de baixos níveis de qualidade da assistência à saúde mental, em descompasso com o processo de estruturação da APS, considerando seus atributos essenciais.
Plano de amostragem e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí
Authors: Rodrigues Lays Arnaud Rosal Lopes , Costa e Silva Danilla Michelle , Oliveira Edina Araújo Rodrigues , Lavôr Layanne Cristina de Carvalho , Sousa Rosana Rodrigues de , Carvalho Rumão Batista Nunes de , Junior Gilvo de Farias , Formiga Laura Maria Feitosa , Sousa Artemizia Francisca de , Cardoso Maria Regina Alves , Slater Betzabeth , Conde Wolney Lisbôa , Paiva Adriana de Azevedo , Frota Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves
Published: February 2022

OBJETIVO Descrever os aspectos metodológicos do Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí (ISAD-PI), bem como avaliar a conformidade do plano amostral em relação à precisão e aos efeitos do desenho, dado que os inquéritos populacionais de saúde constituem instrumentos importantes para o monitoramento da situação de saúde da população. MÉTODOS O ISAD-PI foi um estudo de base populacional, transversal, que analisou as condições de vida e situação de saúde da população residente nas áreas urbanas dos municípios de Teresina e Picos, no Piauí. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados, em dois estágios: Unidades Primárias de Amostragem e domicílios. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se a estratificação da população de ambas as cidades, de acordo com a idade dos indivíduos, para ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da conformidade do plano amostral, foi avaliada a taxa de “não-resposta” (TNR) e, além disso, as estimativas de proporções segundo sexo e idade, bem como as prevalências de determinantes sociais de saúde, que foram analisadas em relação à precisão por meio do coeficiente de variação da proporção do erro padrão (Cv-pˆ) e do efeito do delineamento (deff). Foram considerados adequados Cv-pˆ menores que 20%, e deff menores que 1,5. A TNR-Total dos domicílios foi de 38,2% em Teresina e de 38,3% em Picos. Foram realizadas 24 estimativas de proporção em relação à idade e ao sexo e 48 estimativas de prevalência de determinantes sociais e de saúde, totalizando 72 estimativas, das quais 71 apresentaram Cv-pˆ menor que 20% e 61 apresentaram deff menor ou igual a 1,5. CONCLUSÃO Dados gerados a partir do ISAD-PI poderão contribuir para a avaliação das condições de saúde e morbidade na população. Ademais, aspectos metodológicos empregados nesta pesquisa poderão servir de base para estudos realizados em outras cidades do Brasil.
unscr 1325 and Maritime Security
Authors: Pappa Marianthi
Published: February 2022

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325/ 2000 on Women, Peace and Security (‘unscr 1325’) has been hailed by States, scholars, and organisations concerned with gender equality. It was a major step towards the recognition of the nexus between gender, violence, and security and a beacon of women’s empowerment. Notwithstanding, it is not without contextual limitations. The security sector is faced with challenges that are not covered by the Resolution. These include non- war situations, such as security crises at sea. The rise of threats at sea (such as piracy, maritime terrorism, and irregular migration) has caused a rapid evolution of maritime security strategies. Still, important aspects are missing therefrom. Such is the treatment of gender – and more specifically, women. Despite their increasing presence in the maritime domain, women are not explicitly mentioned in the maritime affairs agenda. An analysis of some of the world’s most progressive maritime security frameworks (national, regional, and organisational) demonstrates that these are primarily concerned with state (rather than human) security and pay little or no attention to gender aspects. What is more, the international laws (the law of the sea, safety and security laws, human rights instruments, and humanitarian law conventions) that might fill this gap take a fragmented and ineffective approach towards women’s interests in the maritime domain. The gender blindness of the maritime sector may ultimately lead to bias against women, threatening gender equality. This article argues that unscr 1325 should be extended to maritime security contexts in order to advance women’s empowerment at sea.
The Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism for Grave Violations of Children’s Rights
Authors: Seatzu Francesco
Published: February 2022

Prior to the establishment of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (‘mrm’) in 2005, conflict related violence against children was a largely unknown phenomenon in its real numbers and forms. This situation was rightly perceived as being unacceptable by several reports, including UN documents. Nevertheless, the establishment of mrm leaded to the introduction of a number of criteria and rules for the gathering and reporting of information and data on conflict related violence against children to the UN Security Council. It was generally believed that these innovations would enhance the fight against these acts of violence at UN level. This paper critically examines the various criteria and rules through which the mrm has contributed to the fight against violence towards children in armed conflict scenarios. It asserts that due the continued growth of episodes of violence against children, the benefits anticipated to reduce these odious forms of violence under mrm have remained elusive throughout the fifteen years since the mrm was established. The work advances a suggestion for the improvement of the operation and functioning of the mrm through the attribution of adjudication powers to this body.
Understanding the Role of Ocean Dynamics in Midlatitude Sea Surface Temperature Variability Using a Simple Stochastic Climate Model
Authors: Patrizio Casey R. , Thompson David W. J.
Published: February 2022

In a recent paper, we argued that ocean dynamics increase the variability of midlatitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on monthly to interannual time scales, but act to damp lower-frequency SST variability over broad midlatitude regions. Here, we use two configurations of a simple stochastic climate model to provide new insights into this important aspect of climate variability. The simplest configuration includes the forcing and damping of SST variability by observed surface heat fluxes only, and the more complex configuration includes forcing and damping by ocean processes, which are estimated indirectly from monthly observations. It is found that the simple model driven only by the observed surface heat fluxes generally produces midlatitude SST power spectra that are tooredcompared to observations. Including ocean processes in the model reduces this discrepancy bywhiteningthe midlatitude SST spectra. In particular, ocean processes generally increase the SST variance on <2-yr time scales and decrease it on >2-yr time scales. This happens because oceanic forcing increases the midlatitude SST variance across many time scales, but oceanic damping outweighs oceanic forcing on >2-yr time scales, particularly away from the western boundary currents. The whitening of midlatitude SST variability by ocean processes also operates in NCAR’s Community Earth System Model (CESM). That is, midlatitude SST spectra are generally redder when the same atmospheric model is coupled to a slab rather than dynamically active ocean model. Overall, the results suggest that forcing and damping by ocean processes play essential roles in driving midlatitude SST variability.
Investigating the Performances of Wide-Field Raman Microscopy with Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Post-Processing
Authors: Mazaheri Leila , Jelken Joachim , Avilés María O. , Legge Sydney , Lagugné-Labarthet François
Published: February 2022

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy based on localization algorithms has tremendously impacted the field of imaging by improving the spatial resolution of optical measurements with specific blinking fluorophores and concomitant reduction of acquisition time. In vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, various methods have been developed to surpass the diffraction limit including near-field scattering methods, such as in tip-enhanced Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Although these scanning-probe techniques can provide exquisite spatial resolution, they often require long acquisition times and tedious fabrication of nano-scale scanning probes. Herein, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) protocol is applied on Raman measurements acquired using a wide-field home-built microscopy setup. We explore how the fluctuations of the Raman signal acquired over a series of time-lapse images at specific spectral ranges can be exploited with STORM processing, possibly revealing details with improved spatial resolution, under lower irradiance and with faster acquisition speed that cannot be achieved in point scanning mode over the same field of view. Samples studied here include patterned silicon, polystyrene microspheres on a silicon wafer, and graphene on a silicon/silicon dioxide substrate. The outcome presents an effective way to collect Raman images at selected spectral ranges with spatial resolutions of ∼200 nm over a large field of view under 532 nm excitation together with an acquisition speed improved by two orders of magnitude and under a significantly reduced irradiance compared to confocal laser scanning acquisition.
Hybrid (un)freedom in worker hostels in garment supply chains
Authors: Crane Andrew , Soundararajan Vivek , Bloomfield Michael J , LeBaron Genevieve , Spence Laura J
Published: February 2022

Worker hostels or dormitories are common in labour-intensive industries staffed largely by migrant labour, and have long been associated with exploitative practices. More recently, hostels have come under scrutiny because of accusations that they are used to restrict workers’ freedom in ways that are tantamount to modern slavery. Drawing on a qualitative study of a garment hub in South India where such claims have frequently arisen, we explore the conditions of freedom and unfreedom in worker hostels and how suppliers who run such hostels respond to competing expectations about worker freedom. Our findings show that hostels perform three interrelated functions: restriction, protection, and liberation, which together constitute a complex mix of freedom and unfreedom for migrant women workers that we term hybrid (un)freedom. As a result, we problematize the binary understandings of freedom and unfreedom that predominate in the modern slavery literature. We also develop a new way forward for examining freedom in the context of hostels that considers the system of relationships, traditions, and socio-economic arrangements that workers and employers are locked into and that prevent meaningful improvements in the freedom of women workers.
Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending
Authors: Ma Lian-hua , Zhang Kun , Pan Zhi-bo , Zhou Wei , Liu Jia
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been triumphantly applied for the manufacture of various composite components. In this work, acoustic emission (AE), X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) are used in conjunction with digital image correlation (DIC) measurement to investigate the mechanical behaviors of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites under three-point bending test. Meanwhile, several mechanical experiments are carried out to study the flexural properties of three kinds of composite specimens, among which the specimens with larger glass fiber content exhibit more superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, AE response characterizations and microscopic damage morphology are also examined. In consequence, the complementary nondestructive testing (NDT) technology combining AE, DIC, and Micro CT is successfully applied to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of 3D printed composites, and the flexural deformation and damage are comparatively investigated for different composite specimens. The cross-validation results of cluster analysis (k-means), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and principal component analysis (PCA) show that AE parameters including frequency, amplitude, and RA value (rise time divided by peak amplitude) are closely associated with the damage process of different specimens. The results show that the PCA can confirm the selected K-means cluster analysis parameters (peak frequency and peak amplitude) and the dimensionality reduction effects of 20% glass fiber specimens have the best results, indicating that the proportion of the principal components extracted can represent the original parameters is 81%. It was also confirmed that the supervised learning KNN algorithm corresponding to different damage patterns can verify the unsupervised learning k-means cluster. Correspondingly, the strain fields characterized by DIC are reasonably matched with the AE signal responses. In addition, the critical damage and delamination mechanisms of the 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites are clearly revealed by Micro-CT characterization.
Developing a Multi-Dimensional Measure of Hotel Brand Customers’ Online Engagement Behaviors to Capture Non-Transactional Value
Authors: Shin Hakseung , Perdue Richard R.
Published: February 2022

While the historical focus of customer value research has been on transactional values, it is important to also understand the non-transactional values co-created by customer online engagement behaviors. However, online engagement research in tourism has focused almost exclusively on experience sharing behaviors via online review websites. This research is purposed to develop a multi-dimensional measure of non-transactional values created via online brand community members’ engagement behaviors. Focusing on Marriott Bonvoy Insider Brand Community members, scale development procedures were used to identify four dimensions of non-transactional value: influential-experience value, C-to-B innovation value, relational value, and functional value. The scale achieves good validity and reliability. Relationships with both antecedents (e.g., internal and external motivations) and consequences (e.g., brand attachment and brand loyalty) were examined to assess nomological validity. Tourism researchers and managers can employ this scale to diagnose the non-transactional values co-created by customer online engagement behaviors.
Metabolic Flows of Water in İstanbul in the Nineteenth Century: Tap Water, Waste, and Sanitation
Authors: Sert Esra
Published: February 2022

Considering the age of socio-ecological crises in which we live, the urgency of understanding the complicated relationship between society and nature is apparent. To achieve this, unfolding the urban metabolism of cities through metabolic flows from the perspective of urban political ecology will grow increasingly essential in the future. This paper aims to explore the concept of urban political ecology as a perspective for understanding emergence of a new urban metabolism in İstanbul in the nineteenth century through metabolic flows of water. The context of “metabolic” emphasizes labor as an agent for the very production of nature as urbanized nature through tap water, waste, and sanitation. It shows the transition and the conflict between the labor-intensive urban metabolism and capital-intensive urban metabolism of İstanbul, which started in the nineteenth century. The metabolic flows of water in terms of infrastructure were affected by the first impacts of foreign capital investments and capitalist relations.
Organizational change and psychosomatic symptoms: Exploring pathways through working conditions and assessing the moderating role of social support among European workers
Authors: Coupaud Marine
Published: February 2022

Building on the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) model, this article sets out to analyze the mechanisms through which organizational change can affect workers’ health. The author carries out a moderated mediation analysis drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2015 with more than 44,000 European workers in 35 countries. Emotional labor, work intensity and physical strain are included as mediators of the relationship between organizational change and health, assessed by the self-declaration of psychosomatic symptoms. The study tests for the moderating role of social support, assessed as supervisor support and colleague support. It is shown that emotional labor mediates the relationship between organizational change and health alongside other work demands, with slight variations in the mechanisms depending on whether the reorganization involves staff cuts. There is evidence that social support from the hierarchy moderates the health effects of job demands.
Generational Patterns of Modal Shares Across Megaregions
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2022

Millennials are the largest generation in the current U.S. population. Their travel preferences and choices have profound implications for the travel industry and transportation policy making. The existing literature, however, has presented mixed findings on whether Millennials differ from their preceding generations in vehicle usage, walking or biking, and transit riding. Furthermore, the majority of the existing studies investigated generational travel at the national level; few have explored the spatial variation of generational travel at the subnational scale. This study examines individuals’ modal shares in daily travel by Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers across megaregions. A unique dataset is assembled with national travel surveys from 1977 to 2017, covering the age spectrum from five years to 71 years for the three generations. The study applies multilevel modeling to capture the dynamic effects associated with generational, megaregional, and period variations on individuals’ modal share. Results of the study show the varying trends of modal shares in different life stages between generations. Millennials in adulthood maintain the highest walk/bike share and the lowest share of vehicle travel among all generations. Megaregional variations exert differentiated influences on individuals’ mode share patterns across generation subgroups. The varying trends of modal shares over the age spectrum across generations highlight the importance of having cohort-tailored initiatives to achieve sustainable transportation objectives. The study’s quantification of megaregional and generational variations on modal shares provides useful information for modal split analysis and other transportation planning practices at the level between states and metropolitan areas.
Ultra-Long-Distance High-Speed Railways Night Trains Operations: Differentiation Mode
Authors: Alhossein Mohamed , Peng Qiyuan
Published: February 2022

Night trains running on ultra-long-distance high-speed railways face certain difficulties. This paper proposes a differentiated operation mode for night-running trains on ultra-long-distance high-speed railways to ensure the completion of maintenance operations during each “skylight,” that is, the window of time available for maintenance between operating hours, on each section to ensure the completion of transportation tasks through a reasonable combination of key points under different modes of operation. The difficulties of operating night trains on ultra-long-distance high-speed railways are analyzed, and optimization strategies for use in different modes are proposed. On this basis, differentiated patterns of night trains on ultra-long-distance high-speed railways are examined with corresponding models. A time-space relief strategy to improve conflict resolution for night trains in ultra-long-distance passages under skylight constraints is proposed.
When and Where to Go Next: Deep Learning Framework for Modeling Drivers’ Behaviors Using Automatic Vehicle Identification Data
Authors: Jin Kun , Li Xinran , Wang Wei , Hua XueDong , Qin Shaoyang
Published: February 2022

In recent years, automatic vehicle identification (AVI) systems have rapidly developed in many countries, which provides an excellent opportunity to understand drivers’ mobility patterns in urban road networks. Few efforts have been devoted to fully utilizing the AVI data to address the prediction issue in behaviors modeling. This paper proposes a deep learning (DL) framework driven by AVI data to model drivers’ behaviors and further incorporate travel time prediction in the next location prediction problem. Specifically, DeepWalk encoder and DeepWalk + Time long short-term memory (DT-LSTM) were proposed to capture the spatial and temporal correlations simultaneously. By learning the spatial relationship between the sensors from the historical trajectories, the DeepWalk encoder converted the sensors into low-dimensional numerical vectors essential for DL. As a vector form, the spatial relationship of the sensor can be adequately measured. Besides, a new long short-term memory (LSTM) variant, DT-LSTM, was designed to memorize drivers’ short-term and long-term interests, respectively. By adding additional time gates, DT-LSTM facilities the location and travel time consistency in the trajectories sequences with different time intervals. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the model, which achieved the state-of-the-art performance (SOTA) compared with other benchmark methods, with the Acc-1 of 82%, Acc-5 of 95%, and MAPE of 17%.
Detecting Anomalies in National Bridge Inventory Databases Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Fereshtehnejad Ehsan , Gazzola Gianluca , Parekh Pratik , Nakrani Chirag , Parvardeh Hooman
Published: February 2022

National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data is regularly collected for 617,000+ national bridges in the U.S. These data, which consist of 100+ fields related to bridges and culverts, have been shown to contain errors. These errors could reduce the effectiveness of the decisions made based on this data, and cause safety issues. For this reason, an anomaly detection platform is developed to identify data anomalies in NBI datasets more effectively than existing rule-based error-check tools can. First, the user provides groups of correlated NBI fields as input to the platform. Then, for each group, it utilizes two tools to detect anomalous data and determine errors. The first tool uses three machine learning algorithms to identify anomalous data points and categorizes them based on their degree of anomaly. The second tool visualizes the distributions of the NBI fields in the group with histograms, scatter plots, and so forth. These plots are used to analyze the data points that are identified from the first tool as anomalies. The results of these two tools, together with expert knowledge about the data fields, are then used to distinguish data errors from outliers. The proposed platform is applied to a state’s NBI dataset that was submitted to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in 2020. For this dataset, two groups of correlated fields are considered. The results showed the platform could effectively pinpoint anomalous values of NBI fields that individually, or in conjunction with other fields, do not follow the patterns that characterize most of the data, prompting the identification of potential inconsistencies and errors.
The performativity of pain: affective excess and Asian women's sexuality in cyberspace
Authors: Saraswati L. Ayu
Published: February 2022

This article employs a thumbs and thumbnails analysis to analyze the 85 most viewed Asian online porn thumbnails, videos, and their audiences’ comments to argue that cyberspace functions as a space of “affective simulation,” rather than simply as a space of representation. For these online viewers, the performativity of pain by Asian women porn stars functions as an entry point to access and externalize their affective excess.
Rethinking Mobilization Theory for Union Revitalization within the SSA Theory Framework
Authors: Kılıç Sadık
Published: February 2022

This article offers to rethink John Kelly’s mobilization theory within the social structure of accumulation (SSA) approach, a long-wave theory version. The SSA theory claims that institutional changes shape long waves with the decisive roles of capital–labour conflict, economic crises and political decisions. The SSA theory also introduces a different long-wave chronology that is more consistent with Kelly’s approach. Such a chronological reorganization allows Kelly’s expectation of union revitalization to be maintained. By drawing an intersection of these two theories, it is conceivable to conceptualize long waves more in line with the character of mobilization theory. Therefore, the article suggests that union revitalization is still possible in the context of these theories.
Competitive intelligence: A precursor to a learning health system
Authors: Farley H Fred , Freyn Shelly
Published: February 2022

Unlike other developed countries, the US healthcare system is largely privatized and highly competitive. This dynamic stifles effective information sharing, while the need for prompt and accurate evidence-based decision making has become crucial. Crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic, elevate the importance of quality decision making and exacerbate issues associated with the lack of a cohesive system to share information. Competitive intelligence (CI) is a discipline that encourages gathering, analyzing, and sharing information throughout a firm in order to develop and sustain competitive advantage. CI could be considered a precursor in establishing a learning organization (LO). Although CI research has focused on its process and value, little is found in the literature on how to integrate CI into an organization; this is particularly true in healthcare. A conceptual model is proposed to build and integrate a CI function and culture within a healthcare organization to encourage effective information sharing and knowledge development. In turn, this can provide a mechanism to create a learning health system (LHS). Although the model was developed specifically for US healthcare, it offers application to healthcare in other countries as well as most any industry.
Social contextual factors associated with lifetime HIV testing among the Tushirikiane urban refugee youth cohort in Kampala, Uganda: Cross-sectional findings
Authors: Logie Carmen H , Okumu Moses , Berry Isha , Loutet Miranda , Hakiza Robert , Kibuuka Musoke Daniel , Mwima Simon , Kiera Uwase Mimy , MacNamee Clara , Kyambadde Peter
Published: February 2022

Background

Urban refugee youth may live in social contexts characterized by structural drivers of HIV such as poverty and violence. Knowledge gaps remain regarding HIV testing practices among urban refugee youth, despite the increasing trend toward refugee settlement in urban contexts. This study examined social contextual factors associated with lifetime HIV testing among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a community-based study with a peer-recruited cohort of urban refugee youth aged 16–24 years living in Kampala’s informal settlements, and present baseline cross-sectional findings. We conducted descriptive statistics and logistic regression to examine socio-demographic (e.g., gender and age), material (e.g., income insecurity and education), relational (e.g., social support), and symbolic contexts (e.g., HIV-related stigma and intimate partner violence (IPV]) associated with lifetime HIV testing.

Results

Participants ( n = 450) had a mean age of 20.4 years (standard deviation: 2.4 years), most lived in Uganda for 1–5 years (53.2%), and less than half reported lifetime HIV testing (43.4%). In multivariable analyses, odds of lifetime HIV testing were higher among youth with secondary school education or higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR]: 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI]: 1.27–4.17), currently employed (aOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.03–3.10), and reporting IPV (aOR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.43–9.10). Having children was marginally associated with HIV testing (aOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 0.98–4.81, p = 0.052).

Conclusions

Findings demonstrate suboptimal HIV testing and the importance of tailored strategies to reach urban refugee youth who are unemployed and have limited formal education. There is a need to meaningfully engage urban refugee youth to create enabling environments for sexual health.
Unseen patterns of preventable emergency care: Emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions
Authors: Parkinson Beth , Meacock Rachel , Checkland Katherine , Sutton Matt
Published: February 2022

Objective

Admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are often used to measure potentially preventable emergency care. Visits to emergency departments with ACSCs may also be preventable care but are excluded from such measures if patients are not admitted. We established the extent and composition of this preventable emergency care.

Methods

We analysed 1,505,979 emergency department visits (5% of the national total) between 1 April 2015 and 31 March 2017 at six hospital Trusts in England, using International Classification of Diseases diagnostic coding. We calculated the number of visits for each ACSC and examined the proportions of these visits that did not result in admission by condition and patient characteristics.

Results

11.1% of emergency department visits were for ACSCs. 55.0% of these visits did not result in hospital admission. Whilst the majority of ACSC visits were for acute rather than chronic conditions (59.4% versus 38.4%), acute visits were much more likely to conclude without admission (70.3% versus 33.4%). Younger, more deprived and ethnic minority patients were less likely to be admitted when they visited the emergency department with an ACSC.

Conclusions

Over half of preventable emergency care is not captured by measures of admissions. The probability of admission at a preventable visit varies substantially between conditions and patient groups. Focussing only on admissions for ACSCs provides an incomplete and skewed picture of the types of conditions and patients receiving preventable care. Measures of preventable emergency care should include visits in addition to admissions.