bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of androgen on bone metabolism in hyperuricemic rats
Authors: Ling Li , Wei Yun-Xiao , Sun Yi-Fei , Zhang Meng-Jiao , Chen Jie , Luo Shi-Ying , Xue Jin-Wei
Published: June 2020

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the effect of androgen on bone metabolism in hyperuricemic rats.

Material and methods

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group, simple hyperuricemic group, hyperuricemic castration group, and simple castration group. A rat model of chronic hyperuricemia was established using potassium oxonate and ethambutol. Blood was sampled from the vena angularis at week 0, 4, 6, 8 and 12 after surgery to detect for uric acid, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, and investigate the effect of androgen on bone metabolism in hyperuricemic rats.

Results

From the 4th week, compared with the sham operation group, the differences in uric acid levels between the simple hyperuricemic group and hyperuricemia castration group were statistically significant (p < 0.05), suggesting the successful establishment of the model of hyperuricemia. At the 6th week, uric acid levels decreased in the two hyperuricemic groups, and the difference from the sham operation group decreased (p = 0.05), showing that the modeling method had deteriorated. At the 8th week, the differences in uric acid levels between the two castration groups and sham operation group were statistically significant (p < 0.05). At the 12th week, the differences in serum levels of phosphorus between the simple hyperuricemic group and hyperuricemic castration group were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Androgen can induce bone metabolism changes in rats with hyperuricemia.
Reduced expression of CDH1 and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Jing , Wang Yuan Liang
Published: June 2020

Introduction

In this study, we aimed to focus on reduced expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer (PC) using a meta-analysis.

Material and methods

For this purpose, the PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from inception until September 1, 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled to evaluate the association between CDH1 expression and overall survival (OS); also, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to assess the correlation between clinicopathological features and CDH1 expression in PC patients. Data from a total of 1805 patients from 16 articles were used in this meta-analysis.

Results

PC patients with decreased expression of CDH1 had a shorter OS (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41), without a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 27.1%, p = 0.151). The down-regulated expression of CDH1 was strongly associated with tumour grade (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07–3.03).

Conclusions

Down-regulated expression of CDH1 has potential as a predictive marker of poor prognosis in PC patients. However, further high-quality and large-scale clinical studies are required to validate our findings.
Cerebral oxygenation and bioelectrical activity in preterm infants during surfactant replacement therapy with porcine and bovine preparations
Authors: Szczapa Tomasz , Karpiński Łukasz , Szczapa-Krenz Hanna , Witosław Beata , Adamczak Aleksandra , Moczko Jerzy , Miechowicz Izabela , Niedbalski Paweł , Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz Marta , Mazela Jan
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) might cause acute changes in cerebral oxygenation and alteration of brain bioelectrical activity. Varying physiologic responses and clinical outcomes were observed when different surfactant preparations were instilled to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Material and methods

Neonates born at 26–30 weeks of gestation with RDS requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation were randomized to SRT either with poractant alfa (A) or beractant (B). Saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), cerebral tissue oxygenation (StO2) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) were simultaneously recorded prior to and up to 4 h after SRT.

Results

Mean SpO2, HR and StO2 values were comparable between groups at baseline and after SRT. There were differences in mean aEEG voltage before SRT, but amplitudes were within a range considered as normal in both groups. Immediately after SRT and at a few single post-intervention time points mean aEEG voltage was higher in the beractant group. There was a significant difference in the percentage of time with the aEEG signal < 5 µV after SRT between groups (mean 25.7% (A) vs. 16.5% (B), p < 0.05). Quantity of bursts per minute and mean length of inter-burst intervals (IBI) in the aEEG recording varied insignificantly but there was a significant difference in the percentage of IBI > 30 s between groups (52.5% (A) vs. 36.6% (B), p <0.05).

Conclusions

This is the first study assessing brain bioelectrical function and oxygenation while using two different surfactant preparations in a neonate. Cerebral effects of SRT are observed regardless of the type of surfactant, but their magnitude may depend on the preparation and/or dosing used.
Site representativity of AERONET and GAW remotely sensed aerosol optical thickness and absorbing aerosol optical thickness observations
Authors: Schutgens Nick A. J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Remote sensing observations from the AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) and GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) networks are intermittent in time and have a limited field of view. A global high-resolution simulation (Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5) Nature Run) is used to conduct an OSSE (observing system simulation experiment) for AERONET and GAW observations of AOT (aerosol optical thickness) and AAOT (absorbing aerosol optical thickness) and estimate the spatiotemporal representativity of individual sites for larger areas (from 0.5 to 4∘ in size). GEOS-5 NR and the OSSE are evaluated and have shown to have sufficient skill, although daily AAOT variability is significantly underestimated, while the frequency of AAOT observations is overestimated (both resulting in an underestimation of temporal representativity errors in AAOT). Yearly representation errors are provided for a host of scenarios: varying grid-box size, temporal collocation protocols and site altitudes are explored. Monthly representation errors show correlations from month to month, with a pronounced annual cycle that suggests temporal averaging may not be very successful in reducing multi-year representation errors. The collocation protocol for AEROCOM (AEROsol Comparisons between Observations and Models) model evaluation (using daily data) is shown to be suboptimal and the use of hourly data is advocated instead. A previous subjective ranking of site spatial representativity (Kinne et al., 2013) is analysed and a new objective ranking proposed. Several sites are shown to have yearly representation errors in excess of 40 %. Lastly, a recent suggestion (Wang et al., 2018) that AERONET observations of AAOT suffer a positive representation bias of 30 % globally is analysed and evidence is provided that this bias is likely an overestimate (the current paper finds 4 %) due to methodological choices.
Epoch-by-epoch estimation and analysis of BDS receiver differential code biases with the additional BDS-3 observations
Authors: Wang Qisheng , Jin Shuanggen , Hu Youjian
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The differential code bias (DCB) of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is an important error source in ionospheric modeling, which was generally estimated as constants every day. However, the receiver DCB may be changing due to the varying space environments and temperatures. In this paper, the receiver DCB of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is estimated as the changing parameter within one day with epoch-by-epoch. The BDS receiver DCBs are analyzed from 30 days of multi-GNSS experiment observations. The comparison of estimated receiver DCB of BDS with the DCB provided by German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) shows a good agreement. The root mean square (RMS) values of receiver DCB are 0.43 and 0.80 ns with respect to DLR and CAS, respectively. In terms of the intra-day variability of receiver DCB, most of the receiver DCBs show relative stability within one day with the intra-day standard deviation (STD) of less than 1 ns. However, larger fluctuations with more than 2 ns of intra-day receiver DCB are found. Besides, the intra-day stability of receiver DCB calculated by the third-generation BDS (BDS-3) and the second-generation BDS (BDS-2) observations is compared. The result shows that the intra-day stability of BDS-3 receiver DCB is better than that of BDS-2 receiver DCB.
Diverging land-use projections cause large variability in their impacts on ecosystems and related indicators for ecosystem services
Authors: Bayer Anita D. , Fuchs Richard , Mey Reinhard , Krause Andreas , Verburg Peter H. , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Land-use models and Integrated Assessment Models provide scenarios of land use/cover (LULC) changes following pathways or storylines related to different socio-economic and environmental developments. The large diversity of available scenario projections leads to a recognizable variability in impacts on land ecosystems and the levels of services provided. We evaluated 16 projections of future LULC until 2040 that reflected different assumptions on socio-economic demands and modeling protocols. By using these LULC projections in a state of the art dynamic global vegetation model, we simulated their effect on selected ecosystem service indicators related to ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration potential, agricultural production and the water cycle. We found that although a common trend for agricultural expansion exists across the scenarios, where and how particular LULC changes are realized differs widely across models and scenarios. They are linked to model-specific considerations of some demands over others and their respective translation into LULC changes and also reflect the simplified or missing representation of processes related to land dynamics or other influencing factors (e.g., trade, climate change). As a result, some scenarios show questionable and possibly unrealistic features in their LULC allocations, including highly regionalized LULC changes with rates of conversion that are contrary to or exceeding rates observed in the past. Across the diverging LULC projections we identified positive global trends of net primary productivity (+10.2 %), vegetation carbon (+9.2 %), crop production (+31.2 %) and water runoff (+9.3 %), and a negative trend of soil and litter carbon stocks (−0.5 %). The variability in ecosystem service indicators across scenarios was especially high for vegetation carbon stocks (± 4.1 %) and crop production (± 12.2 %). Regionally, variability was highest in tropical forest regions, especially at current forest edges, because of intense and strongly diverging LULC change projections in combination with high vegetation productivity dampening or amplifying the effects of climatic change. Our results emphasize that information on future changes in ecosystem functioning and the related ecosystem service indicators should be seen in light of the variability originating from diverging projections of LULC. This is necessary to allow for adequate policy support towards sustainable transformations.
A Methodology for Attributing the Role of Climate Change in
Extreme Events: A Global Spectrally Nudged Storyline
Authors: van Garderen Linda , Feser Frauke , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Extreme weather events are associated with unusual dynamical conditions, yet the signal-to-noise ratio of the dynamical aspects of climate change that are relevant to extremes appears to be small, and the nature of the change can be highly uncertain. On the other hand, the thermodynamic aspects of climate change are already largely apparent from observations, and are far more certain since they are anchored in agreed-upon physical understanding. The storyline method of extreme event attribution, which has been gaining traction in recent years, quantitatively estimates the magnitude of thermodynamic aspects of climate change, given the dynamical conditions. There are different ways of imposing the dynamical conditions. Here we present and evaluate a method where the dynamical conditions are enforced through global spectral nudging towards reanalysis data of the large-scale vorticity and divergence in the free atmosphere, leaving the lower atmosphere free to respond. We simulate the historical extreme weather event twice: first in the world as we know it, with the events occurring on a background of a changing climate, and second in a ‘counterfactual’ world, where the background is held fixed over the past century. We describe the methodology in detail, and present results for the European 2003 heatwave and the Russian 2010 heatwave as a proof of concept. These show that the conditional attribution can be performed with a high signal-to-noise ratio on daily timescales and at local spatial scales. Our methodology is thus potentially highly useful for realistic stress testing of resilience strategies for climate impacts, when coupled to an impact model.
Seasonal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 11° S inferred from bottom pressure measurements
Authors: Herrford Josefine , Brandt Peter , Kanzow Torsten , Hummels Rebecca , Araujo Moacyr , Durgadoo Jonathan V.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Bottom pressure observations on both sides of the Atlantic basin, combined with satellite measurements of sea level anomalies and wind stress data, are utilized to estimate variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at 11° S. Over the period 2013–2018, the AMOC and its components are dominated by seasonal variability, with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 12 Sv for the upper-ocean geostrophic transport, 7 Sv for the Ekman and 14 Sv for the AMOC transport. The observed seasonal cycles of the AMOC, its components as well as the Western Boundary Current as observed with current meter moorings are in general good agreement with results of an ocean general circulation model. The seasonal variability of zonally integrated geostrophic velocity in the upper 300 m is controlled by pressure variations at the eastern boundary, while at 500 m depth contributions from the western and eastern boundaries are similar. The model tends to underestimate the seasonal pressure variability at 300 and 500 m depth, slightly stronger at the western boundary. In the model, seasonal AMOC variability at 11° S is governed by the variability in the eastern basin. Here, long Rossby waves originating from equatorial forcing are known to be radiated from the Angolan continental slope and propagate westward into the basin interior. The contribution of the western basin to AMOC seasonal variability is instead comparably weak as transport variability due to locally forced Rossby waves is mainly compensated by the Western Boundary Current. Our analyses indicate, that while some of the uncertainties of our estimates result from the technical aspects of the observational strategy or processes being not properly represented in the model, uncertainties in the wind forcing are particularly relevant for AMOC estimates at 11° S.
Dating the ice of Gauligletscher, Switzerland, based on surface radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Röllin Stefan , Sahli Hans , Corcho José , Gnägi Lars , Compagno Loris , Sidler Dominik , Schwikowski Margit , Bauder Andreas , Funk Martin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In the 1950s and '60s, specific radionuclides were released into the atmosphere as a result of nuclear weapons testing. This radioactive fallout left its signature on the accumulated layers of glaciers worldwide, thus providing a tracer for ice particles traveling within the gravitational ice flow and being released into the ablation zone. For surface ice dating purposes, we analyze here the activity of 239Pu, 240Pu and 236U radionuclides derived from more than 200 ice samples collected along five flowlines at the surface of Gauligletscher, Switzerland. It was found that contaminations appear band-wise along most of the sampled lines, revealing a V-shaped profile consistent with the ice flow field already observed. Similarities to activities found in ice cores permit the isochronal lines at the glacier from 1960 and 1963 to be identified. Hence this information is used to fine-tune an ice flow/mass balance model, and to accurately map the age of the entire glacier ice. Our results indicate the strong potential for combining radionuclide contamination and ice flow modeling in two different ways. First, such tracers provide unique information on the long-term ice motion of the entire glacier (and not only at its surface), and on the long-term mass balance, and therefore offer an extremely valuable data tool for calibrating ice flows within a model. Second, the dating of surface ice is highly relevant when conducting "horizontal ice core sampling", i.e., when taking chronological samples of surface ice from the distant past, without having to perform expensive and logistically complex deep ice-core drilling. In conclusion, our results show that an airplane which crash-landed on the Gauligletscher in 1946 will likely soon be released from the ice close to the place where pieces have emerged in recent years, thus permitting the prognosis given in an earlier model to be revised considerably.
A fully integrated optimization framework for designing a complex
geometry offshore wind turbine spar-type floating support structure
Authors: Leimeister Mareike , Collu Maurizio , Kolios Athanasios
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Spar-type platforms for floating offshore wind turbines are considered suitable for commercial wind farm deployment. To reduce the hurdles of such floating systems to become competitive, a fully integrated optimization framework is applied to design an advanced spar-type floater for a 5 MW wind turbine. Three cylindrical sections with individual diameters and heights, as well as the ballast filling height are the modifiable design variables of the optimization problem. Constraints regarding the geometry, ballast, draft, and system performance are specified. The optimization objective to minimize the floater structural material shall represent the overall goal of cost reduction. Preprocessing system simulations are performed to select a critical design load case, which is used within the iterative optimization algorithm. This itself is executed by means of a fully integrated framework for automated simulation and optimization and utilizes a genetic algorithm. The presented design optimization example and approach emphasize the complexity of the optimization problem and lead to the recommendation to consider safety factors for other more critical and design-driving performance criteria. For the applied methodology and conditions it is shown that the required material for an advanced spar-type platform supporting an offshore wind turbine can be reduced by more than 31 % and, at the same time, the performance of the floating system – expressed by the maximum system inclination, maximum tower top acceleration, and mean translational motion – improved in some respect.
“We Must Be Able to Get Used to the Real”
Authors: Barnard-Naudé Jaco
Published: June 2020

The names “COVID-19” and “Sars-CoV-2” signify an impoverished Symbolic Order attempting to come to terms with “a great disorder in the Real.” Our contemporary defense against the Real has proceeded by way of the insistence of the Imaginary, and at the same time, the Symbolic has become enslaved to this very same Imaginary. The article ends with a plea for a revitalized mode of signification—a correspondence—between the Real and the Symbolic.
The Polysemic Facepalm: Fauci as Rhetorically Savvy Scientist Citizen
Authors: Ceccarelli Leah
Published: June 2020

Anthony Fauci, an infectious disease expert in the White House's coronavirus task force, is challenged to offer responsible public communication of science despite working under a habitual liar who has no tolerance for criticism or dissent. Fauci manages this rhetorical exigence by using strategic ambiguity, the topos of the honest broker, dissociation, and a narrative that constrains executive decision making.
The Demon Ratu Macaling Brings Disease and Disaster Every Year in the Rainy Season
Authors: Cintron Ralph , Bleeden David , Corcoran Casey
Published: June 2020

Today, it is widely believed that humans have the ability to grasp the material world as it is, and that this grasp can be instrumentalized so as to progressively solve problems and maximize human flourishing. We call this idea “technopositivism.” Technopositivism seeks to give a comprehensive explanation of all that is, including the best possible social order. But, like all interpretive systems, technopositivism is incapable of providing such an explanation. Technopositivism is thus riddled with ironies and fragile. We argue that prevailing understandings of COVID-19 are instantiations of technopositivism and, as such, illuminate many of these ironies and fragilities.
Meaning at the End of Meaning: Nihilism, Great Nonsense, and Praxis in the Shadow of Extinction
Authors: Ochieng Omedi
Published: June 2020

I suggest in this essay that the responses to the coronavirus pandemic by the North Atlantic elite ought to be accounted in part to the circulation of nihilism as a structure of feeling under late capitalism. I then pose the question, how ought we think of meaning and meaning making under the shadow of ongoing extinction?
The Virus That Dares (Us) Not (to) Speak Its Name: A Polemic
Authors: Salazar Philippe-Joseph
Published: June 2020

Unless a democratic citizenry, when it gets shaped at school, is asked to formulate complex answers to simple questions (as illustrated in this essay), there is no other avenue for their destiny than ressentiment against “the world,” which expresses itself in either a parading of culture or an inordinate sense of revolt.
Novel Violence
Authors: Walzer Belinda
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus pandemic is throwing into relief traditional notions and rhetorics of witness, visibility, recognition, and violence in human rights discourse. This essay articulates the ways in which the current pandemic is being framed rhetorically as a spectacular war, using rhetoric that obfuscates the structural violations that leads to the virus disproportionately impacting the precarious. It argues for a reframing of traditional paradigms of representation, recognition, and resistance toward a notion of everyday violence that accounts for the accumulation of structural and material conditions of precarity as a human rights violation.
Área de recepção e limpeza do centro de material e esterilização: manutenção do uso (ou não) de respirador particulado por trabalhadores após a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga , Costa Dayane de Melo
Published: June 2020

Editorial
Taxa de suspensão cirúrgica: indicador de qualidade da assistência
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel Calado da Silva , Sé Aline Coutinho Sento , Tonini Teresa , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de , Hernández Paula Escalada , Fernandez Blanca Marín
Published: June 2020

Introdução: Inúmeros são os motivos das suspensões cirúrgicas, que importam ser conhecidos para dar maior organicidade e qualidade aosprocessos gerenciais e assistenciais. Objetivos: Identificar a taxa de suspensão de cirurgias eletivas de hospital público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e analisaras principais causas de suspensão, estratificando os achados pelas clínicas cirúrgicas. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, que utilizou7.931 formulários de suspensão cirúrgica de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2017. Excluíram-se 28 formulários que não apresentavam o motivo dasuspensão, analisando-se 7.903. Realizou-se a análise por meio de estatística descritiva e cálculo da taxa de suspensão cirúrgica. Resultados: A taxa desuspensão cirúrgica do hospital foi de 18,5% em 2015, 20,5% em 2016 e 16,8% em 2017. A condição clínica do paciente desfavorável para a realização dacirurgia foi o motivo mais evidente nas clínicas de Cirurgia Geral, Urologia e Ginecologia no período analisado. Conclusão: Vários são os reflexos dasuspensão cirúrgica, tanto para o paciente quanto para a instituição. A adoção de medidas para a redução dessas taxas implica melhora da gestão e daorganização do serviço de saúde.
Antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos com preparação alcoólica: redução microbiana em diferentes tempos de uso no centro cirúrgico
Authors: Peixoto Juliana Gil Prastes , Branco Aline , Dias Cícero Armídio Gomes , Millão Luzia Fernandes , Caregnato Rita Catalina Aquino
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar a redução microbiana após antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos dos cirurgiões, realizada com preparação alcoólica, em diferentestempos. Método: Estudo de prevalência, pragmático, de campo, realizado em hospital terciário do Brasil. Coletaram-se amostras microbiológicas dasmãos de 54 cirurgiões após lavagem simples, para determinar a flora microbiana basal e, após a antissepsia cirúrgica alcoólica, para avaliar a reduçãomicrobiana imediata. Categorizaram-se os resultados da redução microbiana em redução leve (até 50% de redução da flora bacteriana), moderada (de51 a 80%) e alta (acima de 80%). A pesquisa foi submetida e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da instituição hospitalar privada, sede do estudo, eda instituição de ensino superior federal. Resultados: Nas técnicas realizadas em menos de 90 segundos, houve 80% de redução severa, 6,7% de reduçãomoderada e 13,3% de redução leve. Nas técnicas desempenhadas em mais de 180 segundos, todas as amostras apresentaram redução de contagem bacteriana,o que não ocorreu em tempos menores de antissepsia. Conclusão: Quando a técnica e o tempo recomendados são seguidos, maior é a reduçãobacteriana, em comparação aos tempos menores.
Avaliação da adequação no uso da paramentação cirúrgica
Authors: De Jesus Maria Rafaella Carvalho , De Melo Michele Gutierrez , Campos Maria Pontes de Aguiar , Barbosa Tamara Oliveira , Abud Ana Cristina Freire , Lordelo Daniela de Souza
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a adequação da paramentação cirúrgica pelos profissionais de saúde que prestam assistência em um centro cirúrgico deum hospital de ensino no Nordeste do Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo e de natureza observacional. A amostra foi compostade 100 profissionais de saúde. Resultados: Os itens de maior adequação foram: no momento da colocação do propé e das luvas (100%), seguidoda circulação da roupa privativa e do momento de colocação do gorro (99%). Obtiveram-se menores taxas de adequação no uso dos óculos (5%) equanto ao local de guarda da máscara (8%). As inadequações relacionadas à máscara cirúrgica ocorreram pela não troca mediante sujidade ou umidadee em cirurgias com duração maior de duas horas aproximadamente (23%). Conclusão: Apesar de a maioria (18 dos 20) dos itens estar com boastaxas de adequação, outros apresentaram taxas consideradas medianas e baixas. As categorias profissionais que apresentaram maiores inadequaçõesforam anestesistas (35%), enfermeiros (27%) e técnicos de enfermagem (22%). Esses percentuais necessitam ser melhorados, a fim de oferecer aospacientes cirúrgicos uma assistência mais segura.
Avaliação das dimensões da sede no paciente cirúrgico ortopédico
Authors: Oliveira Layse Daniela de Lima , Nascimento Safira Ferreira do , Farias Camilla Ribeiro Lima de
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar as dimensões da sede (presença, intensidade e desconforto) no paciente cirúrgico ortopédico no período pós-operatório imediato.Método: Pesquisa transversal, de caráter exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta de 98 pacientes com idadeacima de 18 anos. Foi utilizado formulário semiestruturado contemplando informações sociodemográficas e três escalas — escala visual analógica (EVA),escala verbal numérica (EVN) e escala de desconforto da sede perioperatória (EDESP) — para caracterização da sede. Resultados: Dos 98 pacientes avaliados,a idade média foi de 47,3±20,1 anos, e a maioria era do sexo biológico masculino (60,2%). Com base na EVA, 65,3% relataram sede moderada;já na avaliação da sede pela EVN, 48,0% relataram sede leve; e pela EDESP, 92,9% dos pacientes relataram sede na ocasião da entrevista. No que concerneà assistência de enfermagem, não foi encontrado nenhum registro documental que comprovasse a assistência prestada para a diminuição da sede.Conclusão: Houve alta prevalência da sede nos pacientes durante o pós-operatório imediato e não foi realizada nenhuma medida paliativa para sua redução.Sugere-se que a equipe de enfermagem seja capacitada e orientada quanto à aplicação das escalas utilizadas neste estudo.
Custo de processamento de produtos para saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pereira Rita Rozileide Nascimento , Pascoal Lívia Maia , Palmeiras Rolim Isaura Letícia Tavares , Nogueira Ferreira Adriana Gomes , Da Silva Elza Lima
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento produzido na última década sobre custos hospitalares relacionados ao processamento de produtos para saúde (PPS) reutilizáveisem Centros de Material e Esterilização (CME) e empresas processadoras. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas nas bases de dados CumulativeIndex to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System On-line (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana edo Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Os artigos selecionados foram publicados entre 2009 e abril de2019. A busca inicial resultou em 782 artigos e, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra final compôs-se de 15 estudos, que foram analisados naíntegra. Resultados: A maioria dos trabalhos comparou o custo de diferentes tecnologias empregadas no processamento de PPS para obter economia, ou avaliou aredução de gastos com desperdício, principalmente com a diminuição do tamanho de bandejas cirúrgicas para redução de custo com o processo. Conclusão: O processamentode PPS mostrou ser medida que gera economia quando se selecionam adequadamente as tecnologias envolvidas no processo e se evitam os desperdícios.
Ações de enfermagem podem prevenir deiscência em ferida operatória?
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Tavares , Poveda Vanessa de Brito , Püschel Vilanice Alves de Araujo
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica intervenções de enfermagem úteis para a prevenção de Deiscências em Feridas Cirúrgicas. Método: Trata-sede uma revisão integrativa da literatura, norteada pela pergunta: Há ações de enfermagem que possam contribuir para prevenção de deiscência em ferida operatória?Realizou-se a busca no período de março de 2019, incluindo artigos publicados a partir do ano de 1990 até 2018. Para a seleção dos artigos foram utilizadasas seguintes bases de dados e/ou portais: National Library of Medicine (PubMed); Web of Science; Scopus Info Site (Scopus); Literatura Latino-Americanae do Caribe em Ciência da Saúde (LILACS) e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL). Resultados: A busca resultou em64 artigos, excluíram-se quatro por estarem duplicados e 40 por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão (24 por serem sobre tratamento, 13 pela naturezado artigo, dois por não estarem disponíveis e um por ser em francês). Vinte artigos foram avaliados na íntegra e 14 foram excluídos por não responderem àquestão norteadora desta revisão. Dessa maneira, ao fim desse processo de análise, foram selecionados seis artigos que responderam aos critérios de inclusãoe constituíram a amostra final. Conclusão: Houve pouca produção da enfermagem sobre o tema. As principais ações de enfermagem para prevençãode deiscência em feridas cirúrgicas estão associadas à prevenção de infecções de sítio cirúrgico e à indicação e à utilização de terapia de cobertura a vácuo.
Posicionamento cirúrgico em cirurgia robótica pediátrica: relato de experiência
Authors: Ângelo Cecília da Silva , Silva Érica Adriana Lima da , Souza Anderson de , Bonfim Isabel Miranda , Joaquim Eduardo Henrique Giroud , Apezzato Maria Lúcia de Pinho
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência dos primeiros seis casos de cirurgia robótica pediátrica e a atuação dos enfermeiros especialistas em cirurgiarobótica em uma instituição oncológica. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência vivenciada na prática clínica que fomentou a discussão acerca dosprimeiros seis casos de cirurgia robótica pediátrica, ocorridos entre 2017 e 2019. Resultados: O processo de implantação da cirurgia robótica pediátricacomeçou em 2017, com dois casos iniciais (adrenalectomia e nefrectomia). Todos os casos foram acompanhados e executados na presença do cirurgiãourologista proctor para auxiliar a cirurgiã oncológica pediátrica. O posicionamento cirúrgico depende do local a ser abordado e do procedimento robóticoque será realizado. Conclusão: Identificou-se a necessidade de uma simulação realística com a participação de todos os membros da equipe paramelhoria dos processos assistenciais e da educação permanente na formação da equipe.
La contribución de las religiones a la construcción de una cultura de paz
Authors: Silva Erwin
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación tiene el propósito de explorar e identificar los valores y principios comunes en las religiones mundiales o mayoritarias en la actualidad. Esta búsqueda a través de los textos sagrados lleva a determinar que existen valores comunes que pueden servir de fundamento a un diálogo interreligioso e intercultural que favorezca y contribuya realmente a la creación de una nueva cultura de paz. Asimismo las religiones mundiales pueden asumir como tarea permanente la acción por la paz empezando por trabajar en la prevención y la solución pacífica de los conflictos tanto como por el cuido y preservación de la naturaleza.
PRACTICAL-ORIENTED CONCEPT AS A PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Diachok Nadiia , Chernukha Nadiia , Tokaruk Liudmyla , Udovenko Iuliia , Petrova Mariana Mateeva
Published: June 2020

The article considers the essence of the process of practice-oriented concept as a principle of the professional training quality of the future specialists. Socialization is singled out and considered through the interdisciplinary concept in professional education. Socialization is defined as a successful component of the future specialists' professional education. One of the ways of professional education of the future specialists is covered — participation in social projects of the higher education institutions. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the socialization and professional education of the future specialists through the social project's organization. The motivational and innovative components of socialization in the professional education of future specialists are studied. The results of the experimental study are described.
Enhancing the Educational Activities of Law Students as One of the Ways to Improve Efficiency and Quality of the Professional Training
Authors: Nebeska Marina S. , Provorova Yevheniia M. , Gerasymova Elvira M. , Vykhovanets Zorina S. , Yepryntsev Pylyp S.
Published: June 2020

The article urges the problem of enhancing the academic activity of law students as one of the ways of improving the efficiency and quality of professional training. The nature and structure of academic activity of future lawyers are covered. Thus, academic activity is a form of a human activity, which structure is viewed through the prism of mastering a set of knowledge and methods of activity, moral and ethical values, as well as social relations. Academic activity of student youth promotes mastering of basic methods and practical experience of solving professional problems, development of planetary thinking and creativity, that is, it is a professional-oriented activity. In order to enhance the academic activity of law students, the features of its structure were investigated. In particular, the following components were selected: motivational, cognitive and practical.A questionnaire on the topic “Why did I choose the profession of a lawyer?” was conducted. The pedagogical experiment and psychological research based on two methodologies, Ilyina's "Motivation to study in higher educational institutions" and Ayzenko's method of figurative thinking "Find regularity", have been involved.An assessment of the impact done by interactive teaching methods of students, who are studying at the National Aviation University, the specialty "Law", has also been provided.The main ways to solve the problem of intensifying the educational activities of future lawyers have been identified. They include the development of communication, mental processes, motivation to study, active involvement of students in educational activities, and taking responsibility for studying in the higher educational establishment. Problems of interaction between teachers and students while training and increasing students' independence need further development.
Preparation of Future Preschool Education Specialists for the Use of Modern Educational Technologies
Authors: Ivanchuk Sabina , Voznik Anna , Dronova Olga , Girenko Nina , Arsova Dilyana
Published: June 2020

The article considers the professional training of future specialists in preschool education. The focus is on the use of modern educational technologies by future preschool education specialists. Basic concepts such as: technologies, educational technologies, innovative technologies are revealed. The modern directions of professional education of future employees of preschool education are analyzed. The necessity of modern educational technologies for future employees of preschool education is singled out and substantiated. It is proved that the preparation for the use of modern educational technologies by future specialists of preschool education is aimed at the constant development of various activities aimed at preserving and developing the younger generation.
Patients’ perspective of telephone visits during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Locke Jennifer , Herschorn Sender , Neu Sarah , Klotz Laurence , Kodama Ron , Carr Lesley
Published: June 2020

Introduction: With the cessation of non-urgent clinical office visits due to the coronavirus, there has been a rapid shift to telephone and other virtual visits in outpatient practice. We conducted a survey to evaluate patients’ perspective of telephone visits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Patients receiving a scheduled telephone call, as a virtual visit, from urologists at our clinic were asked to participate in a three-minute, self-administered, online questionnaire. After verbal permission was obtained, the survey was emailed to each participant. The outcomes evaluated were telephone visit satisfaction and preference for type of appointment. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the results. The study was approved by the Sunnybrook Research Ethics Board.

Results: A total of 102 participants were included; 96% of participants assessed the telephone visit as a positive experience in every survey question, while 45% expressed no preference. In those who expressed a preference, this was evenly divided between in-office visits and phone visits (p=0.0614). Participants who lived more than 75 km from the hospital were less likely to prefer an in-office visit compared to those residing locally (U=433; p=0.006; odds ratio 0.29; 95% confidence interval 0.106–0.779; p=0.0142).

Conclusions: In this survey, most participants assessed the telephone visit positively. Almost half had no preference and a similar proportion expressed a preference for in-office and telephone visits. Patients who resided farther from the hospital were more likely to prefer the telephone visit. This is the first study that we know of to assess patients’ preferences regarding remote encounters in urology.
Organizational Health Scale: A Scale Development Study
Authors: DOĞANAY Ercan , DAĞLI Abidin
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring organizational health of schools. The study group consists of 429 teachers working in secondary schools in the central districts of Eskişehir/Turkey in the 2015-2016 academic year. The construct validity of the scale was examined by exploratory factor analysis. According to the results of the analysis, the scale measures a four-factor structure. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The total variance ratio explained by the scale was determined as 71.101%. In order to determine the reliability of the scale, the internal consistency coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha was evaluated and this value was determined as .915. The results of all validity and reliability analyzes show that the Organizational Health Scale can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in the studies that teachers will be taken as a working group.
In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Mangifera indica Leaf Extracts
Authors: Itoh Kimihisa , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Okamoto Mamoru , Minami Kanasa , Tomohiro Norimichi , Shimizu Kosuke , Kajiyama Shin’ichiro , Endo Yuichi , Matsuda Hideaki , Shigeoka Shigeru
Published: June 2020

In this study, we aimed to identify the utility of pruned mango (Mangifera indica ‘Irwin’) leaves as a resource for ingredients with antioxidant activity. Firstly, we examined the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from the pericarps, flesh, flowers, barks, seeds, young dark reddish brown leaves (YDL-ext), young yellow leaves (YYL-ext), and pruned old dark green leaves (OML-ext) obtained from ‘Irwin’ mango. Among them, methanolic extract of flower and OML-ext showed the most potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The flesh extract showed weak DPPH radical scavenging activity, but did not show SOD-like activity. Secondly, we investigated the relationship between the maturation of leaves and their antioxidant activity by considering the contents of their two active polyphenolic components, 3-C-β-D-glucosyl-2,4,4’,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1) and mangiferin (2), in addition to chlorophyll (3) and anthocyanins represented by cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (4). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of YDL-ext, YYL-ext and OML-ext were mainly attributable to 1, 2 and 3, whereas their SOD-like activity was partly attributable to 2. The DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of YDL-ext and YYL-ext were attributable to 1 and 2. These activities were also due to anthocyanins whose content is highest in YDL-ext. Considering the amounts of leaves obtained from pruning, old dark green leaves may be a reasonable natural resource for preparing cosmetics and/or supplemental ingredients with health-enhancing properties, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on AGEs formation and pancreatic lipase.
Characteristics of first-time family planning users and methods used at mobile clinics in rural Malawi
Authors: Nyirenda L. F. , Hinderaker S. G. , Ogundipe O. F. , Owiti P. , Geoffroy E. , Schell E. , Kalanga A.
Published: June 2020

Setting: Malawi committed to increase modern contraceptive prevalence rate to 60% for all women by 2020, but current use ranges from 37% to 59% among women of different ages and marital status.Objectives: To describe characteristics of first-time family planning (FP)
users and associations between characteristics and methods used among women of childbearing age accessing injectables, oral contraceptives and implants in rural mobile clinics in Mulanje, Malawi, in 2017–2018.Design: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study.Results:
Among 2120 first-time FP users, 65% were <25 years. Half (50%) had 2–4 live children and only 1% were nulliparous. HIV infection rate among all users was 4%. Of the three methods, injectables were used most (75%), with a significantly higher use in HIV-positive clients (91%). Nearly
25% of first-time users used implants and the proportion increased from 21% in 2017 to 34% in 2018.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that FP can be provided to young women in remote areas if the availability of well-trained providers is ensured. It highlighted the need to target
younger and nulliparous women with a broad mix of contraceptives to improve access to, and uptake of, FP services to reach national commitments.
Sustaining tuberculosis preventive therapy scale-up through direct supportive supervision
Authors: Meribe S. C. , Adamu Y. , Adebayo-Abikoye E. , Lawal I. , Amazue-Ezeuko I. , Okeji N. , Okoye I. , Agaba P. , Nelson R. , Lee E. , Chittenden L.
Published: June 2020

Background: Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is recommended for tuberculosis (TB) prevention among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and other high-risk groups. The Nigerian Military HIV Program embarked on TPT-specific ‘direct supportive supervision’ (DSS) in May
2018 to increase TPT initiation and completion rates.Methods: Interventional approaches included site visits to conduct root cause analysis, didactic teaching approach on the concepts of quality improvement and mentorship to address barriers. The DSS introduced TPT monitoring tools,
sticker reminders on clients’ folders, and bi-weekly data collection and review for decision making.Results: TPT initiation increased from a monthly pre-intervention median of 323 clients to monthly medians of 2611 during the ‘surge’ and 1212 clients during the
‘sustained’ phases. Due to an isoniazid stock-out, a ‘dip phase’, with a median of 559 clients was recorded. Overall, 10 463 clients were started on TPT in fiscal year (FY) 2018 and 12 596 in FY2019, with an overall initiation rate of 79%. Completion rates were respectively
73% and 70% for FY2018 and FY2019.Conclusion: With the implementation of a tailored DSS, programmatic barriers to TPT were easily identified and quickly addressed to increase initiation and completion rates.
Stationary computer devices: identification and assessment of the electromagnetic field in the working space
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof , Karpowicz Jolanta
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the electromagnetic field emitted by stationary computer devices (personal computers and servers): CRT and LCD screen monitors, system units and peripheral equipment such as wireless communication mice and keyboards, direct current suppliers (AC/DC), uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and network and electrical supplying cables. Computer devices emit an electromagnetic field from 50 Hz to several GHz. Electromagnetic hazards in the working space near those computer devices do not require individual assessment of the compliance of the level of electromagnetic exposure with the limits provided with respect to the protection of workers against electromagnetic hazards, because the distance between the operator’s body and the equipment is at least 20 cm. This article does not discuss other exposure scenarios such as repairing devices or using portable devices.
Evaluation of demands seen as either challenges or hindrances and its impact on the effectiveness and well-being of employees
Authors: Mockałło Zofia , Widerszal-Bazyl Maria
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article was to describe the concept of challenge and hindrance job demands. It discusses Cavanaugh et al.’s theory and reviews the literature on the impact of challenge and hindrance job demands on employees. In general, the review suggests that challenges are related positively and hindrances negatively with employees’ wellbeing, efficiency and job attitudes. However, the results are not unequivocal. It seems that individual perception - whether an employee perceives job demands as challenging or hindering - plays a crucial role in the relationship. The review also suggests that individual and psychosocial resources play an important role – as mediators and moderators – in the way that hindrances and challenges influence employees. This article also discusses directions of future research.