bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic insights into the dark matter of the mammalian gut microbiota through targeted genome reconstruction
Authors: Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Alessandri Giulia , Milani Christian , Viappiani Alice , Fontana Federico , Tarracchini Chiara , Mancabelli Leonardo , Argentini Chiara , Ruiz Lorena , Margolles Abelardo , van Sinderen Douwe , Turroni Francesca , Ventura Marco
Published: May 2021

Whole metagenomic shotgun (WMS) sequencing has dramatically enhanced our ability to study microbial genomics. The possibility to unveil the genetic makeup of bacteria that cannot be easily isolated has significantly expanded our microbiological horizon. Here, we report an approach aimed at uncovering novel bacterial species by the use of targeted WMS sequencing. Employing in silico data retrieved from metabolic modelling to formulate a chemically defined medium (CDM), we were able to isolate and subsequently sequence the genomes of six putative novel species of bacteria from the gut of non‐human primates.
Reliability of the BCCT.core software in evaluation of breast cosmesis – A systematic review
Authors: Trakis Stami , Lord Heidi , Graham Peter , Fernandez Ritin
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer conservative treatment software (BCCT.core) has the potential to provide objective results using digital photographs, thus increasing the reliability, limiting the subjective interpretation and standardising the evaluation of breast cosmesis in patients. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the empirical evidence regarding the agreement between the BCCT.core and other methods used by health professionals and patients to assess breast cosmesis. The Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies comparing the agreement between BCCT.core and other methods used to assess breast cosmesis. A total of 14 studies involving 2703 patients were included in the review. In studies where patients undertook self‐assessment, the percentage agreement ranged from 69.2% to 74.8% and the kappa values ranged from slight (k = 0.12) to fair agreement. There was a low correlation between the BCCT.core and the Harvard scale when patients assessed cosmetic outcomes using photographs of their breasts (r = 0.165). A 75% and 42.8% agreement was reported in studies where clinicians assessed breast cosmesis by directly visualising the patients’ breasts and photographs, respectively. Assessment of breast cosmesis by the expert panel using patient photographs reported a percentage agreement ranging from 25% to 83%. The results of this systematic review demonstrated an overall agreement of fair to moderate between the BCCT.core and the subjective scales used to assess breast cosmesis. However, clinician experience and patient values should be considered in clinical decision‐making.
Microvascular and metabolic alterations in retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease
Authors: Della Volpe Waizel Maria , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Todorova Margarita G.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The aim of our study was to evaluate retinal microvascular changes recorded with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and the metabolic function measured with retinal oximetry (RO) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Stargardt disease (STGD).

Methods

In this prospective, noninterventional study, OCTA and RO were performed on 107 eyes (56 subjects): 53 eyes diagnosed with RP without the presence of macular oedema (no‐ME‐RP), 26 eyes with STGD, and 28 control eyes. Main outcome measures were the mean superficial (FAZ‐S; mm2) and deep foveal avascular zone (FAZ‐D; mm2) measured with OCTA as well as the mean arterial (A‐SO2; %), venular (V‐SO2; %) oxygen saturation, their difference (A‐V SO2; %) and the corresponding mean diameters of the peripapillary retinal arterioles (D‐A; μm) and venules (D‐V; μm) determined with RO.

Results

Stargardt disease (STGD) patients differed from controls and no‐ME‐RP by an enlarged FAZ‐S and reduced A‐SO2 and V‐SO2 (p ≤ 0.013). No‐ME‐RP eyes presented with attenuated vessels (p < 0.001) and increased A‐SO2 and V‐SO2 (p ≤ 0.012) compared to controls and STGD. The FAZ‐D showed significant interactions with A‐SO2 (p = 0.003) in no‐ME‐RP while the FAZ‐S correlated with visual acuity in no‐ME‐RP (p = 0.007) and STGD (p = 0.034).

Conclusion

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Stargardt disease (STGD) patients suffer from microvascular and metabolic alterations, however, showing a different pattern. A combined microvascular‐metabolic model may therefore allow to more precisely characterize RP and STGD as well as presumably other inherited retinal diseases.
Three‐year effectiveness and safety of the XEN gel stent as a solo procedure or in combination with phacoemulsification in open‐angle glaucoma: a multicentre study
Authors: Reitsamer Herbert , Vera Vanessa , Ruben Simon , Au Leon , Vila‐Arteaga Jorge , Teus Miguel , Lenzhofer Markus , Shirlaw Andrew , Bai Zhanying , Balaram Mini , Stalmans Ingeborg
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To assess the 3‐year effectiveness and safety of the XEN gel stent implanted ab interno in open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods

This study was a multicentre, retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with OAG who underwent ab‐interno gel stent placement alone or combined with phacoemulsification between 1 January 2014 and 1 October 2015. Outcome measures included mean changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP‐lowering medication count from medicated baseline at 1, 2, 3 (primary outcome) and 4 years (if available) postimplantation. Intraoperative complications, adverse events of special interest (AESIs) and secondary surgical interventions (SSIs) were recorded.

Results

The safety and effectiveness populations included 212 eyes (primary and secondary) and 174 eyes (primary), respectively. Mean IOP and medication decreased from 20.7 mmHg and 2.5 at baseline (n = 163 primary/first implanted eyes) to 13.9 mmHg and 1.1 medications (n = 76) at 3 years postimplantation, respectively. Mean changes from baseline in IOP (−5.6, −6.2 and −6.6 mmHg) and IOP‐lowering medication count (−1.8, −1.6 and −1.4) were statistically significant at 1, 2 and 3 years postimplantation, respectively. Results appeared comparable when implantation was performed with (n = 76) or without (n = 98) phacoemulsification. In primary eyes with 4‐year IOP and medication count data (n = 27), mean IOP was 14.0 mmHg on 1.3 medications at 4 years postimplantation. Fifteen (7.1%) eyes had intraoperative complications, 31 (14.6%) experienced 46 postoperative AESIs, and 26 (12.3%) required SSI.

Conclusion

The gel stent effectively lowered IOP and IOP‐lowering medication count over 3 years, with a predictable and acceptable safety profile, when implanted via the traditional ab‐interno technique.
Routine CT evaluation of central vascular ligation in patients undergoing complete mesocolic excision for sigmoid colon cancer
Authors: Vogelsang Rasmus Peuliche , Gögenur Mikail , Dencker Ditte , Bjørn Bennedsen Astrid Louise , Levin Pedersen Dorte , Gögenur Ismail
Published: May 2021

Aim

Objective and reproducible quality measures of complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colon cancer are not currently available. This study aimed to measure the inferior mesenteric stump length following CME for sigmoid colon cancer and explore surgical, pathological and oncological outcomes in patients with a stump length of <10 mm vs. ≥10 mm.

Method

This was a single‐centre, retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for sigmoid colon cancer between May 2013 and May 2015. Follow‐up CT scans were reviewed, and a vascular stump cut‐off of <10 mm for adequate central ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery was applied. Differences in perioperative, histopathological and oncological outcome parameters (overall, disease‐free and recurrence‐free survival) were explored between <10 mm vs. ≥10 mm groups.

Results

A total of 127 patients (43% female) with a median age of 68 years were included. The median follow‐up time was 68 months. CT measurements showed good interrater agreement (90% absolute agreement) and reliability among raters (kappa = 0.77, 95% CI 0.53–1.00, p < 0.001). A stump length ≥10 mm was associated with longer operating time (150 vs. 180 min, p = 0.021), intramesocolic resection (p = 0.008), and a shorter distance from the bowel wall to vascular tie (120 vs. 102 mm, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

An arterial stump length ≥10 mm in sigmoid resection for colon cancer was associated with key clinical quality measures. Measurement of arterial stump length using routine follow‐up CT may serve as a quality indicator of vascular ligation in CME surgery.
Hypertrophic Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardial Ischaemia‐Reperfusion Injury by Modulating SIRT3‐SOD2‐mROS‐Dependent Autophagy
Authors: Ma Lei‐Lei , Kong Fei‐Juan , Dong Zheng , Xin Kai‐Yue , Wang Xing‐Xu , Sun Ai‐Jun , Zou Yun‐Zeng , Ge Jun‐Bo
Published: May 2021

Background

Ischaemic preconditioning elicited by brief periods of coronary occlusion and reperfusion protects the heart from a subsequent prolonged ischaemic insult. Here, we test the hypothesis that short‐term non‐ischaemic stimulation of hypertrophy renders the heart resistant to subsequent ischaemic injury.

Methods and Results

Transient transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed for 3 days in mice and then withdrawn for 4 days by aortic debanding, followed by subsequent exposure to myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Following I/R injury, myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were significantly decreased, and cardiac dysfunction was markedly improved in the TAC preconditioning group compared with the control group. Mechanistically, TAC preconditioning markedly suppressed I/R‐induced autophagy and preserved autophagic flux by deacetylating SOD2 via a SIRT3‐dependent mechanism. Moreover, treatment with an adenovirus encoding SIRT3 partially mimicked the effects of hypertrophic preconditioning, whereas genetic ablation of SIRT3 in mice blocked the cardioprotective effects of hypertrophic preconditioning. Furthermore, in vivo lentiviral‐mediated knockdown of Beclin 1 in the myocardium ameliorated the I/R‐induced impairment of autophagic flux and was associated with a reduction in cell death, whereas treatment with a lentivirus encoding Beclin 1 abolished the cardioprotective effect of TAC preconditioning.

Conclusions

The present study identifies TAC preconditioning as a novel strategy for induction of an endogenous self‐defensive and cardioprotective mechanism against cardiac injury. Specifically, TAC preconditioning reduced myocardial autophagic cell death in a SIRT3/SOD2 pathway‐dependent manner.
A checklist for using Beals’ index with incomplete floristic monitoring data
Authors: Bruelheide Helge , Jansen Florian , Jandt Ute , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Bonn Aletta , Bowler Diana , Dengler Jürgen , Eichenberg David , Grescho Volker , Kellner Simon , Klenke Reinhard A. , Lütt Silke , Lüttgert Lina , Sabatini Francesco Maria , Wesche Karsten
Published: May 2021

Christensen et al. criticized the application of Beals’ index of sociological favourability to adjust for incomplete species lists when comparing repeated surveys. Their main argument was that using Beals’ conditional occurrence probabilities would systematically underestimate biodiversity change compared to using observed frequencies. Although this might be the case for rare species, as we explicitly stated in our original publication, we here use a worked‐out example to show that this criticism is unjustified for species that are sufficiently represented in the reference data set. In our opinion, the misconception derives from ignoring one of the key requirements for applying Beal's index, which is the use of a sufficiently large reference data set to derive a reliable co‐occurrence matrix. We here show how the predicted probability for the occurrence of a species depends on the size of the reference data set and give recommendations on the premises for applying Beals’ approach for monitoring purposes.
Noctuid and geometrid moth assemblages show divergent elevational gradients in body size and color lightness
Authors: Heidrich Lea , Pinkert Stefan , Brandl Roland , Bässler Claus , Hacker Hermann , Roth Nicolas , Busse Annika , Müller Jörg , Friess Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Previous macroecological studies have suggested that larger and darker insects are favored in cold environments and that the importance of body size and color for the absorption of solar radiation is not limited to diurnal insects. However, whether these effects hold true for local communities and are consistent across taxonomic groups and sampling years remains unexplored. This study examined the variations in body size and color lightness of the two major families of nocturnal moths, Geometridae and Noctuidae, along an elevational gradient of 700 m in Southern Germany. An assemblage‐based analysis was performed using community‐weighted means and a fourth‐corner analysis to test for variations in color and body size among communities as a function of elevation. This was followed by a species‐level analysis to test whether species occurrence and abundance along an elevation gradient were related to these traits, after controlling for host plant availability. In both 2007 and 2016, noctuid moth assemblages became larger and darker with increasing elevation, whereas geometrids showed an opposite trend in terms of color lightness and no clear trend in body size. In single species models, the abundance of geometrids, but not of noctuids, was driven by habitat availability. In turn, the abundance of dark‐colored noctuids, but not geometrids increased with elevation. While body size and color lightness affect insect physiology and the ability to cope with harsh conditions, divergent trait–environment relationships between both families underline that findings of coarse‐scale studies are not necessarily transferable to finer scales. Local abundance and occurrence of noctuids are shaped by morphological traits, whereas that of geometrids are rather shaped by local habitat availability, which can modify their trait–environment‐relationship. We discuss potential explanations such as taxon‐specific flight characteristics and the effect of microclimatic conditions.
Intensive induction regimens after deferring initial therapy for mantle cell lymphoma are not associated with improved survival
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Krithika , Goyal Subir , Switchenko Jeffery , Calzada Oscar , Churnetski Michael C. , Kolla Bhaskar , Bachanova Veronika , Gerson James N. , Barta Stefan K. , Gordon Max J. , Danilov Alexey V. , Grover Natalie S. , Mathews Stephanie , Burkart Madelyn , Karmali Reem , Sawalha Yazeed , Hill Brian T. , Ghosh Nilanjan , Park Steven I. , Epperla Narendranath , Bond David A. , Badar Talha , Blum Kristie A. , Hamadani Mehdi , Fenske Timothy S. , Malecek Mary , Kahl Brad S. , Martin Peter , Guo Jin , Flowers Christopher R. , Cohen Jonathon B.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

While most patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) receive therapy shortly after diagnosis, a subset of patients with indolent‐behaving disease can safely defer treatment. In this subgroup, we evaluated the importance of treatment intensity in patients with MCL who defer initial therapy.

Methods

Out of 1134 patients with MCL from 12 academic centers, we analyzed 219 patients who initiated therapy at least 90 days after diagnosis. Patients who received induction with high‐dose cytarabine and/or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in first remission were considered to have received intensive therapy (n = 88) while all other approaches were non‐intensive (n = 131).

Results

There was no difference in progression‐free (PFS; P = .224) or overall survival (OS; P = .167) in deferred patients who received non‐intensive vs. intensive therapy. Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed for PFS and OS. Treatment at an academic center (HR 0.43, P = .015) was associated with improved OS in both univariate and multivariate models, while intensity of treatment was not associated with improved OS in either model.

Conclusions

These results indicate that intensified initial treatment is not associated with improved survival after deferring initial therapy, although prospective studies are needed to determine which of these patients with MCL may benefit from intensive therapy.
Does idiosyncratic volatility proxy for a missing risk factor? Evidence using portfolios as test assets
Authors: Gempesaw David , Kassa Haimanot , Bela Zykaj Blerina
Published: May 2021

One of the main explanations for the idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) puzzle (i.e., the negative relation between lagged IVOL and returns) is a missing risk factor. We show, analytically, that if IVOL proxies for a missing risk factor, then the negative relation between IVOL and returns should persist at the portfolio level. Empirically, we find that the IVOL puzzle disappears when we use well‐diversified portfolios as test assets. The IVOL puzzle also weakens after controlling for additional risk factors. Overall, our results suggest that both diversifiable (i.e., true idiosyncratic risk) and nondiversifiable risk play a role in explaining the IVOL puzzle.
Crack initiation and propagation from geometric microdefects: Experiment and transition fatigue behavior
Authors: Tang Keke , Du Zhaojun , Ferro Paolo , Berto Filippo
Published: May 2021

The present work aims to study short fatigue crack initiation and propagation induced by geometric microdefects. An empirical approach is used to evaluate the microstructural influences on crack growth behavior. Small fatigue crack test on titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V is performed to investigate the crack induced from a geometric microdefect. Analyses on crack initiation and fracture are respectively performed to study the microstructural influences on the stages of initiation and fracture. Subsequently, an empirical multiscale model is employed to predict the short fatigue crack propagation of alloys underlining the transition features. Grain size variation is adopted to reflect the main microstructural contribution to the short crack propagation. An alpha factor is defined to demonstrate the transition interim from microstructurally short crack to physically short crack stages. Furthermore, a relationship between transition factor and grain size is correlated. The results indicate that the value of transition factor tends to decrease with the augment of average grain size. The empirical approach is validated through a variety of fatigue experimental data of alloys including Ti‐6Al‐4V, 2024‐T3, and GH4169.
How can entrepreneurship be fostered? Evidence from provincial‐level panel data in China
Authors: Feng Wei
Published: May 2021

In this study based on evolutionary game theory and data on conditions in China, we determine the main factors affecting business entrepreneurship and innovation entrepreneurship. We consider internal and external perspectives regarding entrepreneurship–institutional quality and foreign direct investment (FDI). Accordingly, we find that institutional quality has a positive effect on nurturing entrepreneurship, especially business entrepreneurship, and FDI does not effectively stimulate entrepreneurship, particularly innovation entrepreneurship. With regard to spatial heterogeneity, in different regions, institutional quality and FDI have diverse effects on fostering entrepreneurship. According to the trend analysis, we find that the relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship takes an inverted‐U shape, in contrast to the relationship between most types of institutional quality and entrepreneurship. When FDI and institutional quality jointly cultivate entrepreneurship, the interaction between them is not effective. Moreover, we find that institutional quality affects entrepreneurship mostly through the channels of economic growth, the scale of the home market, and industrial upgrading. By contrast, FDI does not effectively affect these channels to further foster entrepreneurship. These conclusions not only enrich the literature on entrepreneurship but also offer insights into how entrepreneurship can be stimulated in China and the rest of the world.
Biochar and nitrogen application rates alter some forage and soil minerals concentrations and soil leachate quality in a semiarid mixed grassland system
Authors: Mclennon Everald , Solomon Juan K.Q. , Davison Jason
Published: May 2021

In resource‐limited agroclimatic environments such as the semiarid and arid regions of the world, mineral undernourishment has been a major limitation to grazing livestock productivity. A soil amendment that has the potential to increase plant mineral uptake and reduce nutrient losses in grassland systems is biochar. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and nitrogen application rates on forage tissue mineral concentrations, soil constituents and leachate quality in a semiarid environment. Treatments were the factorial combination (3 × 3) of three biochar application rates (0, 8.9 and 17.8 Mg/ha) and three N application rates (0, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replications. Treatment means were considered different p ≤ .05. Forage tissue phosphorus concentration was altered by biochar rate × year interaction and a main effect of N rate. Tissue phosphorus concentration was greater at 17.8 Mg biochar/ ha rate than the 0 and 8.9 Mg/ha rates in 2019. For the N rate effect, forage tissue phosphorus concentration was greatest at 0 kg N/ha rate and lowest at 120 kg N/ha rate. The concentration of potassium in the forage was influenced by a biochar rate × N rate interaction. At 120 kg N/ha rate, tissue potassium concentration was greater at 8.9 and 17.8 Mg biochar/ ha rates than the 0 Mg biochar/ha rate. After three years of evaluation, this study demonstrated that biochar used independently or through its interaction with nitrogen fertilizer or year, had a positive influence on the forage minerals phosphorus, potassium, sodium and manganese and the tendency to also positively influenced the forage sulfur and boron concentrations.
Between vulnerability and resistance: How a woman copes with dramatic implications of COVID‐19 in Russia
Authors: Reiss Lea Katharina , Kozhevnikov Andrew , Muhr Sara Louise
Published: May 2021

During the summer of 2020, a woman in Russia not only contracted COVID‐19 herself but also lost her husband to virus‐related health complications and, later, lost her job. This article is based on interviews with her about vulnerability and ways of coping with the pandemic’s effects as the sole caregiver and breadwinner for her 4‐year‐old child. Her ways of dealing with this chain of severe, life‐changing events inspired us to analyze her case through Judith Butler’s feminist lens of vulnerability, conceptualized as the very source of resistance. The results of the analysis illustrate vulnerability and emergent modes of resistance as gendered responsibilities of giving and receiving care, as well as the power of solidarity. Furthermore, the study shows how the political, social, and economic context of Russia shapes gendered experiences of vulnerability and possibilities for resistance.
Patient perspectives on the need for implanted device information: Implications for a post‐procedural communication framework
Authors: Wilson Natalia A. , Reich Amanda J. , Graham Jove , Bhatt Deepak L. , Nguyen Louis L. , Weissman Joel S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Shared decision making and patient‐centred communication have become part of pre‐procedural decisions and perioperative care across medical specialties. However, gaps exist in patient communication about the implanted device received and the benefits in sharing information about their procedure and device.

Objective

To understand the patients' knowledge of identifying information for their implanted devices and perspectives on sharing their implanted device information.

Methods

Four focus groups were conducted with patients who had received a cardiac or vascular implanted device from one of the study sites within the previous 6 months. Data were transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results

Five themes emerged: lack of awareness of identifying information on implanted devices; value of information on implanted devices; varying trust with sharing device information; perceived risk with sharing device information; and lack of consensus on a systematic process for tracking implanted devices.

Discussion

Patients desire post‐procedural information on their implanted device and a designated plan for longitudinal follow‐up, but lack trust and perceive risk with broadly sharing their implanted device information.

Conclusion

After receiving an implanted device, post‐procedural patient communication needs to be expanded to include identifying information on the device including the unique device identifier, how long‐term tracking will be supported and the process for notification in case of a problem with the device. This communication should also include education on how sharing device information supports patients' long‐term health care, post‐market safety surveillance and research.

Patient or Public Contribution

The research team included members who were also patients with implanted devices.
The risk of tooth loss in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weijdijk Lotte P. M. , Ziukaite Laura , Van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus) , Bakker Eric W. P. , Slot Dagmar Else
Published: May 2021

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively and critically summarize and synthesize the risk of losing teeth among with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those without DM, as established in observational studies.

Materials and methods

MEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched through a period from their inception through October 2020 to identify eligible studies. Papers that primarily evaluate the number of teeth in DM patients compared to non‐DM individuals were included. A descriptive analysis of the selected studies was conducted, and when feasible, a meta‐analysis was performed. The quality of the studies was assessed.

Results

A total of 1087 references were generated, and screening of the papers resulted in 10 eligible publications. A descriptive analysis demonstrated that six of these studies indicate a significantly higher risk of tooth loss in DM patients. This was confirmed by the meta‐analysis risk ratio of 1.63 95% CI (1.33; 2.00, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis illustrates that this is irrespective of the risk‐of‐bias assessment. The higher risk of tooth loss in DM patients was also higher when only DM type II patients or studies with a cross‐sectional design were considered. Patients with a poor DM control status presented a significantly increased risk of tooth loss. When the data were separated by the world continent where the study was performed, Asia and South America had numerically higher risks and a 95% CI that did not overlap with Europe and North America.

Conclusion

There is moderate certainty for a small but significantly higher risk of tooth loss in DM patients as compared to those without DM.
What lies beneath? Spectrality as a focal phenomenon and a focal theory for strengthening engagement with philanthropic foundations
Authors: Jung Tobias , Orr Kevin
Published: May 2021

Foundations are frequently referred to as a donor's dead hand, as a way to exert social, political, economic and cultural influence from beyond the grave. Building on this, our paper argues for a greater focus on and consideration of the significance of the spectral in philanthropy research and practice, particularly in relation to foundations. We argue that spectrality offers a focal phenomenon in philanthropy and a focal theory for moving foundation inquiry forward. Based on our systematic review of the social sciences literature on the spectral, we identify and offer four thematic clusters to frame insights about foundations in relation to relationality and decentring, narratives and representations, ethics and politics, continuity and change. Connecting foundation scholarship with existing debates about the spectral and vice versa, our work offers a basis for reflection and future research on the part of those immersed in the foundation world, and contributes to emergent scholarship about the spectral in organization and management studies.
Protective effect of miR‐138‐5p inhibition modified human mesenchymal stem cell on ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome
Authors: Tang Huaping , Han Xiaolei , Li Tingtian , Feng Yan , Sun Jie
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study is to evaluate the protective effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) modified with miR‐138‐5p inhibitor against the allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (ARAS). MiR‐138‐5p or negative control was transfected into hMSCs, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting was used to evaluate hMSC surface markers. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was used to evaluate miR‐138‐5p, SIRT1, caspase‐3, IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels after TNF‐α and IL‐6 stimulations. hMSCs with or without miR‐138‐5p inhibition was intranasally administered into ARAS mice (n = 10 each group), followed by monitoring sneezing and nasal rubbing events to evaluate the allergic symptoms. Histamine, ovalbumin‐specific IgE, IgG2a, IgG1 and LTC4 release were monitored in the serum and nasal lavage fluid using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of SIRT1 and HMGB1/TLR4 pathway in nasal mucosa was assessed. After miR‐138‐5p inhibitor transfection, the hMSC lineage was preserved. Binding between SIRT1 and miR‐138‐4p was observed, and miR‐138‐5p inhibition led to upregulation of SIRT1. Inhibition of miR‐138‐5p led to attenuated inflammatory responses of hMSCs upon TNF‐α and IL‐6 stimulation, and allergic symptoms in mice, as well as histamine and ovalbumin‐specific IgG release. hMSCs with miR‐138‐5p inhibition showed characteristics of activated SIRT1 and inhibited HMGB1/TLR4 pathway. Inhibition of miR‐138‐5p in hMSCs enhanced its effects in attenuating inflammatory responses and allergic reaction in the ARAS model, which is presumably regulated by SIRT1 and the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway.
The cellular function and molecular mechanism of formaldehyde in cardiovascular disease and heart development
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Yanyan , He Xiangqin , Yang Panyu , Zong Tingyu , Sun Pin , Sun Rui‐cong , Yu Tao , Jiang Zhirong
Published: May 2021

As a common air pollutant, formaldehyde is widely present in nature, industrial production and consumer products. Endogenous formaldehyde is mainly produced through the oxidative deamination of methylamine catalysed by semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and is ubiquitous in human body fluids, tissues and cells. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are rich in this formaldehyde‐producing enzyme and are easily damaged owing to consequent cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, increasing evidence suggests that the cardiovascular system and stages of heart development are also susceptible to the harmful effects of formaldehyde. Exposure to formaldehyde from different sources can induce heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis (AS). In particular, long‐term exposure to high concentrations of formaldehyde in pregnant women is more likely to affect embryonic development and cause heart malformations than long‐term exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde. Specifically, the ability of mouse embryos to effect formaldehyde clearance is far lower than that of the rat embryos, more readily allowing its accumulation. Formaldehyde may also exert toxic effects on heart development by inducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This review focuses on the current progress in understanding the influence and underlying mechanisms of formaldehyde on cardiovascular disease and heart development.
Surface Evaluation of Resilient CAD/CAM ceramics after Contouring and Polishing
Authors: Siddanna Geetha Duddanahalli , Valcanaia Andre J. , Fierro Pilar Herrera , Neiva Gisele F. , Fasbinder Dennis J.
Published: May 2021

Objective

This in‐vitro study measured the differences in surface roughness for computer assisted design/computer assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resilient ceramic and CAD/CAM composite materials.

Materials and Methods

The materials included Lava Ultimate (3 M), Cerasmart (GC America), Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik), and Brilliant Crios (Coltene). One calibrated operator polished each material with three polishing sytems: spiral polishers (Diacomp FeatherLite/Brasseler), rubbercup polishers (Enhance/DentsplyCaulk), and brush‐paste (Diashine/VH Technologies). Surface roughness was assessed using a confocal laser microscope (Lext OLS4000/Olympus).

Results

A two‐way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in mean surface roughness values (Sa) among materials and polishers. Tukey multiple comparisons showed that mean Sa values for Lava Ultimate, Enamic, Cerasmart and Brilliant Crios polished with brush‐paste as well as Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart values polished with spiral polishers were not significantly different from each other.

Conclusions

The finished surfaces were significantly smoother than milled surfaces for all materials. The brush‐paste polishing technique created the lowest surface roughness values for all CAD/CAM materials and values were comparable to what was achieved by spiral polishers for Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart. Rubber polishers did not provide a clinically smooth surface for CAD/CAM resilient ceramic/composite materials.

Clinical significance

The results of the study indicate that polishing creates smooth surfaces for CAD/CAM resilient ceramic and CAD/CAM composite restorations.
Application of artificial intelligence in gynecologic malignancies: A review
Authors: Sone Kenbun , Toyohara Yusuke , Taguchi Ayumi , Miyamoto Yuichiro , Tanikawa Michihiro , Uchino‐Mori Mayuyo , Iriyama Takayuki , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Osuga Yutaka
Published: May 2021

With the development of machine learning and deep learning models, artificial intelligence is now being applied to the field of medicine. In oncology, the use of artificial intelligence for the diagnostic evaluation of medical images such as radiographic images, omics analysis using genome data, and clinical information has been increasing in recent years. There have been increasing numbers of reports on the use of artificial intelligence in the field of gynecologic malignancies, and we introduce and review these studies. For cervical and endometrial cancers, the evaluation of medical images, such as colposcopy, hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance images, using artificial intelligence is frequently reported. In ovarian cancer, many reports combine the assessment of medical images with the multi‐omics analysis of clinical and genomic data using artificial intelligence. However, few study results can be implemented in clinical practice, and further research is needed in the future.
Temperature‐dependent pharmacokinetics of trichlorfon in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after bath immersion therapy
Authors: Woo Soo J.
Published: May 2021

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most important freshwater fish species. As C. carpio culture has escalated, bacterial and parasitic infections have become a real threat to the industry. Antibacterial and antiparasitic treatments are provided for infection control in C. carpio. However, adequate vaccines have not yet been developed. Trichlorfon (TCF), an organophosphate, is an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture to treat external parasites. However, there are few pharmacokinetic (PK) studies on its use in fish. This study investigated the residue elimination and temperature‐dependent PK characteristics of TCF in C. carpio at 15°C and 25°C after 30 mg/L TCF bath immersion for 30 min. TCF residue concentrations in plasma and muscle tissues were determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and further analyzed using a noncompartmental model. Temperature significantly affected specific PK parameters. Increasing the temperature from 15°C to 25°C shortened the elimination half‐life from 36.07 to 22.72 h. The time to reach the maximum plasma TCF residue concentration (Cmax) (Tmax) remained the same (0.5 h), but Cmax increased from 67.72 to 70.76 µg/L. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve decreased from 1,057.31 to 962.14 h∙µg/L. The muscle TCF Cmax was 446.99 µg/L with a corresponding Tmax of 0.5 h at 25°C, and 267.53 µg/L, with a corresponding Tmax of 1.0 h at 15°C. The temperature‐sensitive PK parameters, such as increased in Cmax and decreased elimination and distribution rates, significantly affected the plasma TCF residue concentration and its overall exposure to increasing temperature. Temperature affected the therapeutic outcomes of TCF treatment in C. carpio and likely other freshwater fish. Therefore, proper dosing regimens should take temperature into consideration.
Evolution of the “world’s only alpine parrot”: Genomic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity, behaviour and ecology?
Authors: Martini Denise , Dussex Nicolas , Robertson Bruce C. , Gemmell Neil J. , Knapp Michael
Published: May 2021

Climate warming, in particular in island environments, where opportunities for species to disperse are limited, may become a serious threat to cold adapted alpine species. In order to understand how alpine species may respond to a warming world, we need to understand the drivers that have shaped their habitat specialisation and the evolutionary adaptations that allow them to utilize alpine habitats. The endemic, endangered New Zealand kea (Nestor notabilis) is considered the only alpine parrot in the world. As a species commonly found in the alpine zone it may be highly susceptible to climate warming. But is it a true alpine specialist? Is its evolution driven by adaptation to the alpine zone, or is the kea an open habitat generalist that simply uses the alpine zone to, for example, avoid lower lying anthropogenic landscapes? We use whole genome data of the kea and its close, forest adapted sister species, the kākā (Nestor meridionalis) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of both species and identify the functional genomic differences that underlie their habitat specialisations. Our analyses do not identify major functional genomic differences between kea and kākā in pathways associated with high‐altitude. Rather, we found evidence that selective pressures on adaptations commonly found in alpine species are present in both Nestor species, suggesting that selection for alpine adaptations has not driven their divergence. Strongly divergent demographic responses to past climate warming between the species nevertheless highlight potential future threats to kea survival in a warming world.
AaWRKY9 contributes to light‐ and jasmonate‐mediated to regulate the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua
Authors: Fu Xueqing , Peng Bowen , Hassani Danial , Xie Lihui , Liu Hang , Li Yongpeng , Chen Tiantian , Liu Pin , Tang Yueli , Li Ling , Zhao Jingya , Sun Xiaofen , Tang Kexuan
Published: May 2021

Artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua, is recommended as the preferred drug to fight malaria. Previous research showed that jasmonate (JA)‐mediated promotion of artemisinin accumulation depended on light. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction of light and JA in regulating artemisinin accumulation is still unknown.

We identified a WRKY transcription factor, AaWRKY9, using transcriptome analysis. The glandular trichome‐specific AaWRKY9 positively regulates artemisinin biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of AaDBR2 and AaGSW1.

The key regulator in the light pathway AaHY5 activates the expression of AaWRKY9 by binding to its promoter. In addition, AaWRKY9 interacts with AaJAZ9, a repressor in the JA signalling pathway. AaJAZ9 represses the transcriptional activation activity of AaWRKY9 in the absence of methyl jasmonate. Notably, in the presence of methyl jasmonate, the transcriptional activation activity of AaWRKY9 is increased.

Taken together, our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying AaWRKY9 contributes to light‐mediated and jasmonate‐mediated to regulate the biosynthesis of artemisinin in A. annua. Our study provides new insights into integrating the two signalling pathways to regulate terpene biosynthesis in plants.
Clinical decision support systems in orthodontics: A narrative review of data science approaches
Authors: Al Turkestani Najla , Bianchi Jonas , Deleat‐Besson Romain , Le Celia , Tengfei Li , Prieto Juan Carlos , Gurgel Marcela , Ruellas Antonio C. O. , Massaro Camila , Aliaga Del Castillo Aron , Evangelista Karine , Yatabe Marilia , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Zhang Winston , Najarian Kayvan , Gryak Jonathan , Styner Martin , Fillion‐Robin Jean‐Christophe , Paniagua Beatriz , Soroushmehr Reza , Cevidanes Lucia H. S.
Published: May 2021

Advancements in technology and data collection generated immense amounts of information from various sources such as health records, clinical examination, imaging, medical devices, as well as experimental and biological data. Proper management and analysis of these data via high‐end computing solutions, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can assist in extracting meaningful information that enhances population health and well‐being. Furthermore, the extracted knowledge can provide new avenues for modern healthcare delivery via clinical decision support systems. This manuscript presents a narrative review of data science approaches for clinical decision support systems in orthodontics. We describe the fundamental components of data science approaches including (a) Data collection, storage and management; (b) Data processing; (c) In‐depth data analysis; and (d) Data communication. Then, we introduce a web‐based data management platform, the Data Storage for Computation and Integration, for temporomandibular joint and dental clinical decision support systems.
Discordant responses to his refractory premature ventricular beats (PVBs) during a regular narrow QRS tachycardia. What is the mechanism
Authors: Mohanan Nair Krishna Kumar , Shafeeq Ali , Namboodiri Narayanan , Valaparambil Ajitkumar
Published: May 2021

A 32‐year‐old lady was evaluated for recurrent episodes of palpitation. During one of the palpitation episodes a regular narrow QRS tachycardia was documented, and it got terminated with the administration of IV adenosine. The baseline 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) did not show any manifest preexcitation. There was no evidence of structural heart disease by echocardiogram. Patient underwent an electrophysiology (EP) study after informed consent. Quadripolar catheters were placed at the His region and right ventricular (RV) apex. A decapolar catheter was placed in the coronary sinus (CS) with CS 9, 10 dipoles at CS OS region and CS 1, 2 dipoles at CS distal region. A mapping & ablation catheter was positioned at right atrial (RA) appendage. Baseline atrial and ventricular pacing protocols could not be performed as both atrial and ventricular pacing were easily inducing a regular narrow QRS tachycardia. His refractory premature ventricular beats [PVBs] were delivered from RVRV apex and left ventricular [LV] free wall. Discordant responses were obtained. What is the mechanism?
Long‐term outcomes of transforaminal epidural steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain according to the location, type, and size of herniated lumbar disc
Authors: Kwak Soyoung , Jang Seung Hwa , Chang Min Cheol
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is widely used to manage lumbosacral radicular pain due to herniated lumbar disc (HLD).

Objectives

We evaluated the long‐term outcomes of TFESI in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain due to an HLD by the location, type, and size of the HLD.

Methods

In total, 114 patients who received the initial TFESI at least 4 years ago completed a telephone interview. We investigated the presence of radicular pain, degree of current pain, current pain medications and TFESIs, additional TFESIs, progression to surgery, and trouble in performing daily life activities and occupational job duties. We classified the included patients by the location, type, and size of the HLD, and evaluated whether these factors affected the long‐term outcomes of TFESI.

Results

At least 4 years after the initial TFESI, radicular pain was completely resolved in 45% of the patients. However, 30% patients were on oral painkillers or repetitive TFESIs or had undergone surgery and 15% had difficulty in performing daily life activities and occupational job duties. A larger number of patients with extruded lumbar disc herniation required additional TFESIs than those with protruded lumbar disc herniation. Apart from this, the outcomes did not significantly differ by the location, type, and size of the HLD.

Conclusions

Our findings provide useful information to clinicians managing radicular pain due to HLD.
Penetration of Singlet Oxygen into Films with Oxygen Permeability Coefficient Close to that of Skin
Authors: Harada Nobuyuki , Kataoka Mika , Nakanosho Masahiro , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Although its antiviral and antibacterial functions help prevent infection, singlet oxygen (1O2)—which is generated by the action of light on an endogenous photosensitizer—is cytotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 1O2—generated by the action of visible light on a photosensitizer—to penetrate skin. We used two polymer films with oxygen permeability coefficients similar to that of skin—i.e. cellulose acetate (CA) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Both films contained 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), which was used as an 1O2 probe. 1O2 generated externally did not permeate the films by mere contact. Therefore, we conclude that the potential for 1O2 to penetrate the skin is very low, and films that generate 1O2 are safe and useful for preventing infections by contact. We also proved that 1O2 can move between the layers of integrated polymer films when they are joined together.
Mechanism Design for Stochastic Dynamic Parking Resource Allocation
Authors: Yang Jie , He Fang , Lin Xi , Shen Max Zuo‐Jun
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we study a parking management problem where an operator manages a publicly owned parking service system with unknown parking demand. Assuming that the operator has perfect information, we first formulate the operator's problem as a stochastic dynamic programming problem, and to overcome the curse of dimensionality, we resort to approximate dynamic programming for solving it. However, in practice, some information that is essential for centralized management is usually privately known, which provides incentives for strategic behaviors of drivers and could lead to suboptimal system performance. We design a two‐step mechanism and prove that, in step 1, drivers’ choices of whether or not to enter the managed system following the approximate optimal solution satisfy Bayesian‐Nash equilibrium (BNE), and in step 2, that truthful reporting is a dominant strategy for all drivers under any circumstance. We investigate the properties of the resulting equilibria, and further modify the mechanism to ensure that the desired approximate system optimum solution is the only resulting BNE. Numerical examples show that the mechanism design not only enhances the average system performance but also increases the system robustness.