bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAD but True: Species Awareness Disparity in Bees Is a Result of Bee-Less Biology Lessons in Germany
Authors: Christ Laura , Dreesmann Daniel C.
Published: February 2022

Bee and insect mortality has recently moved to the forefront of current nature conservation debates and experiences intensive media coverage worldwide. In order to understand the complexity, it is necessary to raise awareness of the diversity of bees. This study investigated whether students are aware of the species diversity of bees. We are guided by the concept of ‘plant blindness’ and show that it cannot be assumed that people are only ’plant-blind’. Therefore, we introduce the concept of Species Awareness Disparity (SAD) in bees to describe a phenomenon which can be defined as the failure to appreciate the significance of wild bee species and the inability to distinguish between individual species of the Apidae family. A total of 421 German students in grades 5–7 participated. The majority of students did not associate a diversity of species with the term ‘wild bee’ but rather consider the honeybee as the bee. Only 2.7% (N = 421) of the students were able to correctly identify pictures of wild bees and the honeybee. This highlights the importance of educating students about the identity and nature of bees in their environment so that they become aware of their meaning from both a personal and an ecological perspective.
The COVID-19 Infodemic: Mechanism, Impact, and Counter-Measures—A Review of Reviews
Authors: Ries Markus
Published: February 2022

The acceptability of appropriate SARS-CoV-2 pandemic measures including vaccinations is currently being hampered due to significant misinformation all over the globe, also known as the “infodemic” within the pandemic. We asked the following two research questions: (1) What is the current extent of the global infodemic preventing populations from receiving adequate healthcare including COVID-vaccinations? (2) Which are appropriate countermeasures to manage the infodemic in order to guarantee adequate healthcare in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? Pubmed and Cochrane Library were accessed on 29 October 2021 and searched for reviews and systematic reviews on “COVID-19” and “infodemic”. The literature identified was analyzed with methods of qualitative research focusing on (1) mechanism, (2) impact, and (3) countermeasures to confront the infodemic. The world-wide infodemic is being recognized as a multifaceted problem beyond health and human rights, extending into global political spheres such as societal cohesion and security. The mechanism of the COVID-19 infodemic involves specific factors related to the situation, sender, instrument, and recipient. Although freedom of expression and the right to seek, receive, and impart information through any media is a fundamental human right, the infodemic has a substantial impact on health, another fundamental human right, by causing stress, deception, violence, and harm. Mixed-synergistic pre-impact, trans-impact, and post-impact countermeasures can be taken; the most important is building and maintaining trust.
Perfusion, Stance and Plantar Pressure Asymmetries on the Human Foot in the Absence of Disease—A Pilot Study
Authors: Rodrigues Luis Monteiro , Nuno Sérgio Loureiro , Granja Tiago , Florindo Margarida Esteves , Gregório João , Atalaia Tiago
Published: February 2022

Physiological perfusion asymmetries in the lower limb are known, although poorly understood, as are asymmetries reported in plantar pressure and stance. This preliminary study aims to explore potential relationships between perfusion and pressure variables in humans. A convenience sample of eight healthy individuals (25.25 ± 5.37 years old) of both sexes, was selected. Chosen variables were perfusion, plantar pressure, and stance. Perfusion was measured in both feet by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and polarized light spectroscopy (PSp), and plantar pressure and stance obtained by a pressure plate. These were measured in baseline (Phase I) in a repeated squatting (Phase II), and in recovery (Phase III). A 95% confidence interval was adopted. Intraindividual significant perfusion asymmetries between both feet were detected by LDF in Phase I. These disappeared in Phase II and returned in Phase III. PSp did not detect any asymmetries. Plantar pressure was also asymmetric and differently distributed along both feet with no statistical significance except in the hindfoot. Significant correlations were found between BMI and mean Plantar Pressure in Phase I and Phase III, and an inverse correlation between LDF perfusion and Plantar Pressure in Phase I. These results seem to suggest an interesting direction for exploration and study of these asymmetries in the absence of disease.
Trapezium-like Inequalities Involving k-th Order Differentiable Rγ-Convex Functions and Applications
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Awan Muhammad Uzair , Talib Sadia , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Noor Khalida Inayat
Published: February 2022

We introduce the class of Rγ-convex functions and discuss that it relates to some other classes of convexity. We study the class of Rγ-convex functions in the perspective of trapezium-like inequalities, for which we also derive a new integral identity involving a k-th order differentiable function. In order to show the significance of our results, we also discuss several special cases and offer some interesting applications.
Diabetogenic and Obesogenic Effects of Cadmium in Db/Db Mice and Rats at a Clinically Relevant Level of Exposure
Authors: Nguyen Jessica , Patel Arjun , Gensburg Andrew , Bokhari Rehman , Lamar Peter , Edwards Joshua
Published: February 2022

Studies show an association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and prediabetes or type II diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported that Cd causes decreased levels of serum leptin in rats following 12 weeks of daily Cd dosing (0.6 mg/kg/b.w./day). Since leptin plays an important role in metabolism, we examined the effects of Cd on rats and db/db mice, which are deficient in leptin receptor activity. We gave rats and mice daily subcutaneous injections of saline (control) or CdCl2 at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg of Cd for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of no dosing. At the end of the 4-week study, exposure to Cd resulted in a more rapid increase in blood glucose levels following an oral glucose tolerance test in db/db vs. lean mice. During the two weeks of no Cd dosing, individual rat bodyweight gain was greater (p ≤ 0.05) in Cd-treated animals. At this time point, the combined epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad weight was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) in the Cd-treated lean mice compared to saline-treated controls. Although this pilot study had relatively low N values (4 per treatment group for mice and 6 for rats) the results show that clinically relevant levels of Cd exposure resulted in diabetogenic as well as obesogenic effects.
Antinociceptive Actions of Botulinum Toxin A1 on Immunogenic Hypersensitivity in Temporomandibular Joint of Rats
Authors: Muñoz-Lora Victor Ricardo Manuel , Dugonjić Okroša Ana , Matak Ivica , Del Bel Cury Altair Antoninha , Kalinichev Mikhail , Lacković Zdravko
Published: February 2022

Botulinum neurotoxin type A1 (BoNT-A) reduces the peripheral peptide and cytokine upregulation in rats with antigen-evoked persistent immunogenic hypersensitivity (PIH) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Herein, we examined the effects of two preparations of BoNT-A, abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A; Dysport) and onabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNT-A; Botox), on spontaneous and evoked nociceptive behaviors, as well as on central neuronal and astroglial activation. The antigen-evoked PIH was induced in rats via repeated systemic and unilateral intra-articular (i.a.) injections of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA). Rats were subsequently injected with unilateral i.a. aboBoNT-A (14 U/kg), onaBoNT-A (7 U/kg), or the vehicle (saline). After i.a. treatments, spontaneous and mechanically evoked nocifensive behaviors were assessed before and after the low-dose i.a. formalin (0.5%) challenge. The central effects of BoNT-A were assessed by an immunohistochemical analysis of cleaved synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (cSNAP-25) presence, c-Fos, GFAP, and CGRP expression in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Both BoNT-A preparations similarly reduced the formalin-induced spontaneous pain-related behaviors and mechanical allodynia of the hypernociceptive rats. Likewise, their effects were associated with the central occurrence of cSNAP-25 and reduction of c-Fos and GFAP upregulation in the TNC. BoNT-A antinociceptive activity on the PIH is associated with the toxin axonal transport to trigeminal sensory areas and reduction of neuronal and glial activation in central nociceptive regions.
Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody, mAb 10D8, Is an Effective Detoxicant against Abrin-a Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Li Zhi , Xu Hua , Ma Bo , Luo Li , Guo Lei , Zhang Pingping , Zhao Yong , Wang Lili , Xie Jianwei
Published: February 2022

Abrin is a types II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) isolated from Abrus precatorious seeds, which comprises a catalytically active A chain and a lectin-like B chain linked by a disulfide bond. Four isotoxins of abrin have been reported with similar amino-acid composition but different cytotoxicity, of which abrin-a is the most potent toxin. High lethality and easy availability make abrin a potential bioterrorism agent. However, there are no antidotes available for managing abrin poisoning, and treatment is only symptomatic. Currently, neutralizing antibodies remain the most effective therapy against biotoxin poisoning. In this study, we prepared, identified, and acquired a high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 10D8 with a potent pre- and post-exposure protective effect against cytotoxicity and animal toxicity induced by abrin-a or abrin crude extract. The mAb 10D8 could rescue the mouse injected intraperitoneally with a 25 × LD50 dose of abrin-a from lethality and prevent tissue damages. Results indicated that 10D8 does not prevent the binding and internalization of abrin-a to cells but inhibits the enzymatic activity of abrin-a and reduces protein synthesis inhibition of cells. The high affinity, good specificity, and potent antitoxic efficiency of 10D8 make it a promising candidate for therapeutic antibodies against abrin.
Detection of αB-Conotoxin VxXXIVA (αB-CTX) by ic-ELISA Based on an Epitope-Specific Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Tang Hengkun , Liu Haimei , Gao Yehong , Chen Rui , Dong Mingke , Ling Sumei , Wang Rongzhi , Wang Shihua
Published: February 2022

In view of the toxicological hazard and important applications in analgesics and cancer chemotherapeutics of αB-CTX, it is urgent to develop an accurate, effective and feasible immunoassay for the determination and analysis of αB-CTX in real samples. In this study, MBP-αB-CTX4 tandem fusion protein was used as an immunogen to elicit a strong immune response, and a hybridoma cell 5E4 secreting IgG2b against αB-CTX was successfully screened by hybridoma technology. The affinity of the purified 5E4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was 1.02 × 108 L/mol, which showed high affinity and specificity to αB-CTX. Epitope 1 of αB-CTX is the major binding region for 5E4 mAb recongnization, and two amino acid residues (14L and 15F) in αB-CTX were critical sites for the interaction between αB-CTX and 5E4 mAb. Indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA) based on 5E4 mAb was developed to detect and analyze αB-CTX in real samples, and the linear range of ic-ELISA to αB-CTX was 117–3798 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 81 ng/mL. All the above results indicated that the developed ic-ELISA had high accuracy and repeatability, and it could be applied for αB-CTX detection and drug analysis in real samples.
Taxonomic Diversity of Fungi and Bacteria in Azoé-NP® Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Kharitonov Sergey , Shchegolkova Nataliya , Alexandrova Alina , Saynchuk Alexandra , Michel Philippe , Maciejewski Kevin , Gautier Mathieu , Gourdon Remy , Semenov Mikhail , Krasnov George
Published: February 2022

Plants, fungi, bacteria and protozoa are highly interconnected in constructed wetlands. These heterogeneous groups of organisms constitute a single system with complex internal trophic interactions. Thus, the joint activity of micro- and macroorganisms in constructed wetlands provides highly efficient wastewater treatment: both nutrients and complex organic substances can be effectively removed in branched trophic chains. The bacterial community of constructed wetlands has recently received much attention, while the fungal component remains less studied, particularly saprotrophic fungi. This paper reveals a taxonomic analysis of the cultivated saprotrophic fungi combined with the bacterial community in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VSCWs) operated by the Azoé-NP® process. These systems have unique features to affect the microbial community, which results in a high treatment efficiency and nitrogen removal. There are very few studies of saprotrophic fungi in VFCWs, while this work shows their abundance and diversity in VFCWs. We found 62 species of cultivated microscopic fungi and described the taxonomic composition of bacterial and fungal community at all wastewater treatment stages. In the studied VFCWs, we identified the species of micromycetes, which proved effective in the removal of contaminants. The data obtained can provide a deeper insight into the characteristics of Azoé-NP® systems and the treatment processes occurring in constructed wetlands.
Physical Clogging Characteristics and Water Quality Variations by Injecting Secondary Effluent into Porous Media: A Laboratory Column Study
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Zhiruo , An Wengang , Huo Mingxin , Fan Wei , Xie Yuxuan
Published: February 2022

Artificial recharge engineering has been widely used to solve the water resource crisis. However, there are still some safety hazards regarding reclaimed water quality. Here, chlorinated secondary effluent (SE) was injected into saturated porous media composed of high–purity quartz sands. The column experiment was conducted and modeled through a developed numerical model to predict the evolution of physical clogging. Some representative inorganic and organic indicators were measured both at different times and in different column sections. The study showed that the relative hydraulic conductivity (K/K0) decreased significantly by approximately 63.5% in 40 h. Especially for the first 3 cm of the column, the clogging was the most serious, with a decrease of approximately 85.8%. The porous media has a certain degree of filtration effect on turbidity, TOC, protein (Pr) and polysaccharide (PS) but has slight removal for other water quality indicators. Pr is the main component of the intercepted TOC, and its content is higher than that of Ps. Moreover, the inorganic and organic parameter variations along the column further verified that the organic floc particles were mainly retained in the first 3 cm. The 3D excitation/emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectra illustrated that the humic acids and fulvic acids were easy to release and that their injection may be harmful to groundwater quality. The study will lay a theoretical foundation and provide a guiding scheme for optimizing China’s reclaimed water reuse technology, ensuring the safety of reclaimed water quality.
Bathymetric and Capacity Relationships Based on Sentinel-3 Mission Data for Aswan High Dam Lake, Egypt
Authors: Hossen Hickmat , Khairy Marwa , Ghaly Shenouda , Scozzari Andrea , Negm Abdelazim , Elsahabi Mohamed
Published: February 2022

Aswan High Dam Lake (AHDL) is one of the most relevant hot spots at both local and global levels after construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) was announced. The management of AHDL is a vital task, which requires the input of reliable information such as the lake bathymetry, water level, and the water surface area. Traditional, bathymetric methods are still very expensive and difficult to operate. Nowadays, satellite data and remote sensing techniques are easily accessible. In particular, datasets produced by operational missions are freely and globally available, and may provide efficient and inexpensive solutions for the retrieval of quantitative parameters concerning strategic water bodies, such as AHDL. This work identifies the performance of Sentinel-3A optical imagery data in the visible and NIR bands from the two optical instruments SLSTR and OLCI, and proposes the integration with Sentinel-3A radar altimetry from SRAL instrument applied to AHDL. This preliminary and first study investigated the relationship between the reflectance data and in situ data for water depth after a bathymetric campaign in the deep-water region using statistical regression models. These statistical models showed promising results in terms of correlation value (R2 > 0.8) and normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE < 0.4). Also, Heron’s formula was applied to combine optical imagery and Sentinel-3 altimetry water level datasets to estimate water storage variations in AHDL. In addition, equations governing the relationship between water level, water surface area, and water volume were analyzed. The work is very useful for all authorities and stakeholders dealing with large water bodies.
Perkembangan Model E-Business Marpoken Delivery di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal
Authors: Wahdini Riski , Septia Windy , Nurbaity
Published: February 2022

Banyak permasalahan yang terjadi dalam melakukan perkembangan bisnis, terutama pada bisnis yang menggunakan media sosial sebagai acuan untuk mempromosikan serta melaksanakan jual beli. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi yang dilakukan dengan mencari dan mengumpulkan data yang berhubungan dengan Marpoken Delivery. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan Model e-Bisnis Marpoken Delivery di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal terutama di masa pandemic Covid-19. Model E-bisnis yang digunakan adalah model- model bisnis B2B dan B2C yang bisa dilakukan oleh para pelaku bisnis di dunia maya khususnya Marpoken Delivery. Kondisi pandemi saat ini menjadikan penjualan secara online menjadi sebuah solusi bagi pelaku usaha dan pelanggan. Salah satu solusi adalah dengan memanfaatkan E-Bisnis sebagai salah satu cara untuk memperoleh keuntungan.
Dry Eye Syndrome and Therapeutic Efficacy of the Tear Substitute HYLO-PARIN
Authors: Чекина А.Ю. , Марченко Л.Н. , Джумова М.Ф. , Далидович А.А. , Качан Т.В. , Терешенко О.В.
Published: February 2022

Оценить терапевтическую эффективность слезозаменителя ХИЛО-ПАРИН при амбулаторном лечении пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями глазной поверхности, протекающими на фоне синдрома «сухого глаза» (ССГ). Представлены результаты амбулаторного лечения 32 пациентов (64 глаза) с различной степенью тяжести ССГ и клиническими признаками блефароконъюнктивита, кератита. Описаны причины и клинические проявления ССГ. Диагноз устанавливали на основании биомикроскопии глазной поверхности. Обращали внимание на прокрашивание эпителия роговицы и конъюнктивы флюоресцеином; оценивали степень гиперемии конъюнктивы и выраженность складок конъюнктивы; оценивали состояние выводных протоков мейбомиевых желез; стабильность прероговичной слезной пленки; величину суммарной слезопродукции. Продолжительность лечения пациентов составляла от 1 до 2 месяцев, частота инстилляций ХИЛО-ПАРИН – от 4 до 6 раз в день.Результаты применения препарата ХИЛО-ПАРИН продемонстрировали его терапевтическую эффективность при лечении пациентов с различными проявлениями кератита и блефароконъюнктивита на фоне синдрома «сухого глаза».

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of HYLO-PARIN tear replacer in the outpatient treatment of patients with inflammatory-dystrophic ocular surface disease with concomitant "dry eye" syndrome. The causes and clinical manifestations of "dry eye" syndrome are described. The results of outpatient treatment of 32 patients (64 eyes) with varying degrees of severity of dry eye syndrome are presented. The treatment duration ranged from 1 to 2 months, the frequency of HYLO-PARIN instillation – from 4 to 6 times a day.The HYLO-PARIN eye drops application demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in patients with various keratoconjunctivitis manifestations on the background of the "dry eye" syndrome.
Cerebral Vasculitis Caused by Mixed Viral Infection as a Cause of Ischemic Stroke in a Child
Authors: Куликова С.Л. , Лихачев С.А. , Левшук О.Н. , Кишкурно Е.П. , Дивакова Е.В. , Дмитриев В.В.
Published: February 2022

Наиболее частой причиной инфаркта мозга в детском возрасте является церебральная артериопатия, возникающая в силу различных механизмов. Одной из причин вторичных церебральных васкулитов у детей являются недавно перенесенные либо активные вирусные инфекции.В статье представлено описание клинического случая ребенка 5 лет, у которого развились повторные инфаркты мозга в вертебробазилярном бассейне вследствие церебрального васкулита. Исключены наследственные тромбофилии, антифосфолипидный синдром, системные васкулиты, Лайм-боррелиоз, COVID-19-инфекция. При исследовании сыворотки крови методом ПЦР на вирусы группы герпеса и энтеровирусы (на 17-й день болезни) обнаружена ДНК ВЭБ (1 203 копий/мл), ВГЧ-6В (56 копий/мл) и ВГЧ-7. Также отмечено повышение уровня гомоцистеина легкой степени.Наиболее очевидной причиной развития церебрального васкулита у данного ребенка явилась активно протекающая микст-вирусная инфекция (ВГЧ-6B + ВГЧ-7 + ВЭБ), которая привела к локальному воспалению сосудистой стенки церебральных сосудов, изменению церебральной гемодинамики. Применение антиагрегантной и антикоагулянтной терапии в сочетании с противовирусной (ганцикловир) и иммуномодулирующей (кортикостероиды системные, иммуноглобулин человеческий нормальный) позволило избежать повторных эпизодов нарушения мозгового кровообращения.

The most common cause of cerebral infarction in childhood is cerebral arteriopathy due to various mechanisms. One of the causes of the secondary cerebral vasculitis in children is recent or active viral infections.The article describes a clinical case of a 5-year-old child, who developed repeated cerebral infarctions in the posterior circulation system due to cerebral vasculitis. Hereditary thrombophilia, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic vasculitis, Lyme disease, COVID-19 infection are excluded. In the study of blood serum by PCR for viruses of the herpes group and enterovirus (on the 17th day of disease), EBV DNA (1,203 copies / ml), HHV-6В (56 copies / ml), and HHV-7 were detected. There was also a slight increase of homocysteine level.The most obvious cause of development of cerebral vasculitis in this child was an active mixed viral infection (HHV-6B + HHV-7 + EBV), which led to local inflammation of the vascular wall of cerebral vessels and changes in cerebral hemodynamics. The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in combination with antiviral (ganciclovir) and systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) allowed to avoid repeated episodes of cerebrovascular accident.
Effectiveness of Hypobaric Adaptation and Cellular Chronoblockers for Prevention of the Development of the Falls Syndrome in the Concept of Preventive Geriatrics
Authors: Оленская Т.Л.
Published: February 2022

В связи с постарением населения актуальным является поиск компонентов профилактики развития и прогрессирования основных гериатрических синдромов, в частности синдрома падений, у лиц среднего возраста с точки зрения превентивной гериатрии на амбулаторном и домашнем этапах медицинской реабилитации.Целью работы явилось изучение эффективности гипобарической адаптации и клеточных хроноблокаторов для профилактики развития синдрома падений у пациентов среднего возраста на амбулаторном и домашнем этапах медицинской реабилитации.В работе методом стабилометрии изучена эффективность применения курса гипобарической барокамерной адаптации, клеточных хроноблокаторов для повышения статокинетической устойчивости у пациентов среднего возраста.Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать предложенные компоненты для практического применения в концепции Национальной стратегии «Активное долголетие – 2030» и в программах медицинской реабилитации на амбулаторном и домашнем этапах.

In connection with aging of the population, it is urgent to search for the components of prevention of the development and progression of major geriatric syndromes, in particular the fall syndrome, in middle-aged people from the point of view of preventive geriatrics at the outpatient and home stages of medical rehabilitation.The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of hypobaric adaptation and cellular chronoblockers for prevention of the development of the fall syndrome in middle-aged patients at the outpatient and home stages of medical rehabilitation.In the work, the method of stabilometry was used to study the effectiveness of the course of hypobaric pressure chamber adaptation, cellular chronoblockers to increase the statokinetic stability of middle-aged patients.The obtained results allow us to recommend the proposed components for practical application in the concept of the National Strategy “Active Longevity – 2030” and in medical rehabilitation programs at the outpatient and home stages.
Components of Medical Rehabilitation at the Outpatient and Home Stages of Older People Suffering after COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Оленская Т.Л. , Николаева А.Г. , Азаренок М.К. , Юхно Ю.С. , Шишко О.И.
Published: February 2022

Появление и распространение инфекции COVID-19 поставило перед специалистами здравоохранения задачи, связанные с оказанием программ восстановления и реабилитации для пациентов разных возрастных групп после перенесенных пневмоний.Для лиц старшего возраста после перенесенных пневмоний, ассоциированных с инфекцией COVID-19, разработан инновационный YouTube-проект «Поможем друг другу восстановиться после перенесенной пневмонии».В работе представлены результаты обследования лиц старшего возраста после перенесенной пневмонии, ассоциированной с инфекцией COVID-19, до и после одно- и двухкомпонентных программ медицинской реабилитации.Показана рациональность применения для пациентов пожилого возраста на амбулаторном и домашнем этапах медицинской реабилитации курса Цитофлавина, предложенной методики гипобарической барокамерной адаптации и их сочетания, а также кинезиотейпирования заднего свода диафрагмы и психотерапевтической коррекции.

The emergence and spread of COVID-19 infection has set health professionals the task of providing recovery and rehabilitation programs for patients of different age groups after suffering from pneumonia.For older people who have suffered from pneumonia associated with COVID-19 infection, an innovative component of the remote online form of work, the YouTube project "Let's help each other recover from pneumonia", has been developed.The paper presents the results of a survey of older people after pneumonia associated with COVID-19 infection before and after one-and two-component medical rehabilitation programs.The rationality of the use of a course of Cytoflavin for elderly patients at the outpatient and home stages of medical rehabilitation, the proposed method of adaptation of the hypobaric pressure chamber and their combination, as well as kinesiotaping of the posterior arch and psychotherapeutic correction is shown.
Mythical Diagnoses in Pediatrics: Adenoiditis or Nasopharyngitis? Which diagnosis is correct? Questions and Answers
Authors: Попович В.И. , Бекетова Г.В.
Published: February 2022

В педиатрии существует много так называемых мифических диагнозов, среди которых и «аденоидит», который часто используется врачами первого контакта. В статье в форме вопросов и ответов представлена мультидисциплинарная дискуссия, касающаяся анатомо-физиологических подходов в формировании диагноза «острый риносинусит» и «острый назофарингит». Авторы обсуждают врачебные ошибки в отношении синдрома насморка у детей, неправомерности диагноза «аденоидит», понятия «аденоидные вегетации», физиологической роли лимфоидной ткани в носоглотке. Представлены клинические критерии острого риносинусита и острого назофарингита, их этиология и патогенетическая сущность. Рассмотрены современные подходы к лечению поражений носа, околоназальных пазух и носоглотки с использованием стандартизованных фитониринговых препаратов Синупрет и Имупрет.

In pediatrics, there are many so-called mythical diagnoses, including “adenoiditis”, which is often used by doctors of the first contact. The article in the form of “questions and answers” presents a multidisciplinary discussion concerning the anatomical and physiological approaches in the formation of the diagnoses “acute rhinosinusitis” and “acute nasopharyngitis.” The authors discuss medical errors in relation to the rhinitis syndrome in children, inappropriateness of the diagnosis of “adenoiditis”, the concept of “adenoid vegetation”, physiological role of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx. The clinical criteria for acute rhinosinusitis and acute nasopharyngitis, their etiology and pathogenetic essence are presented. Modern approaches to the treatment of lesions of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx using the standardized phytoneering drugs Sinupret and Imupret are considered.
PERAN ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM MENGATASI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril)
Authors: Asyura AG Laily
Published: February 2022

The decreasing of soybean production full fill of soybean in Indonesia, one of the main causes is the decreasing of land farming area. To increase the production of soybean in Indonesia can be reached by the expansion of planting areas,use potential land. This research has held in plastic house Agriculture Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan on altitude +32 meters above sea level, to August 2016 until November 2016,using factorial rendomized block design with 2 factors.The first factor is drought stress with 3 levelsof KL 80% ; KL 60% ; KL 40% and the second factor is apllication antioxidants with 2 kind of   Ascorbic Acid and   Salicylic Acid.The result of this research showed that drought stresswere significantly effect to leaf area, the number of pods fullness per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant and dry weight of 100 seeds. Apllication antioxidantswere significantly effect to chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, thenumber of pods fullness per plant, dry weight of seeds per plant and dry weight of 100 seeds.Interaction of drought stress and application antioxidant were significantly effect to dry weight of seeds per plant and dry weight of 100 seeds.
Application of C4.5 Algorithm to Prediction Sales at PT. Sumber Sayur Segar
Authors: Fadhila Fadhila , Hasugian Penda Sudarto
Published: February 2022

Fresh vegetables, fruits and fresh meat are one of the basic needs for human life. The need for fresh vegetables, fruits and meat is one of the most important factors for buyers before making a purchase transaction. Likewise with the needs of fresh vegetables, fruit and meat needed by restaurants, cafes, hospitals, hotels and so on. With the increasing number of requests from customers for the needs of fresh vegetables, fruit and meat, companies engaged in the supply and sale of these necessities need to record sales transactions so that there are no stock vacancies and excess stock of goods. Therefore, companies must be more careful in providing fresh vegetables, fruits and meat which are in great demand, so it needs a data processing in the form of data mining using the C4.5 algorithm. In this study, the predicted sales transactions are the last three months of January, February and March 2021. Then for the sales prediction criteria used are in the form of price, type of goods, type of unit and month of sale so that from these criteria can be obtained sales transactions that are selling or not selling. Data mining is a process of mining important information from a very large data. While the C4.5 algorithm is a data classification that has numeric and categorical attributes, where the results of the classification process in the form of rules can be used to predict the value of discrete type attributes from new records. The system was built using the PHP programming language and MySQL as the database. This study obtained predictive results which were implemented in the form of a decision tree, namely the category of types of vegetables belonging to the best-selling sales transactions.
Internal Control System Analysis of Cash Receiving in Medan City Market Regional Companies
Authors: Situmorang Hartati
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine how the policy implementation of the internal control system in PD. Market and to determine whether the application of the system of internal control over cash receipts in the PD Pasar is implemented properly. Method analyze the data conducted with the descriptive method that is collect the, process and interpretive data obtained so that can give the clear picture hit the accurate ciecumstance and give the boldness for trouble-shooting which is in facing. Writer have conducted the analysis of concerning organization chart, procedure and system of acceptance of cash of at On PD Pasar Kota Medan and get some conclusion that is in principle On PD Pasar Kota Medan have conducted the system of internal control of acceptance of cash of applied according.
The Effect of Capital Structure on Share Prices in The Consumption Industry Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Damanik Harto W
Published: February 2022

The formulation of the problem in this research is the extent to which the influence of the capital structure as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and the Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) empirically to the stock price. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the effect of capital structure as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and the Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) empirically to the stock price. The hypothesis of this research is capital structure as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and the Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) effect on stock price. This research is a kind of causal research and are replicating the previous study with the study population are manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2011. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling method and from 50 manufacturing companies acquired 30 companies sampled. The data used are secondary data. This study analyzes the relationship between the effects of capital structure as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and the Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) empirically to the stock price. The statistical method used was multiple linear regression with the classic assumption test first. The results of this study indicate that the simultaneous capital structure as measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and the Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) effect on stock price. Tests showed only partial variable Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) that significantly influence stock prices.
Subjective versus Objective Incentives and Teacher Productivity
Authors: Andrabi Tahir , Brown Christina
Published: February 2022

A central challenge facing firms is how to incentivize employees. While objective, output-based incentives may be theoretically ideal, in practice they may lead employees to reduce effort on non-incentivized outcomes and may fail in settings where effort is weakly tied to output. We study the effect of subjective incentives (manager performance evaluation) and objective incentives (test score-based) relative to no incentives for teachers using an RCT in 230 Pakistani schools. First, we show that subjective and objective incentives both increase test scores and have similar magnitude effects. However, objective incentives decrease non-test score student outcomes relative to subjective incentives. Second, we show that teachers’ effort response is very different under each scheme, with attendance increasing under subjective and teaching quality decreasing under objective. Finally, we rationalize these effects through the lens of a moral hazard model with multi-tasking. We use within-treatment variation to isolate the causal effect of contract noise and distortion and show that these channels explain most of our reduced form effects.
Carnavalito por la vida y el amor
Authors:   , Nieto Duarte Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

En el presente texto se documenta el ejercicio de aproximación a una comunidad del sur de Bogotá, que ha persistido hace ya varios años por una construcción de una identidad positiva para los integrantes de su territorio. Se da cuenta de un acercamiento a líderes comunitarios que han tenido en su trasegar una historia de construcción social y que nos cuentan cuáles son sus proyecciones con su ejercicio insignia llamado El Carnavalito por la vida y el amor; evento llevado a cabo en barrios del sur de la ciudad. Damos uso a esta aproximación como instrumento para establecer un diagnóstico comunicacional, que será el sustento para elaborar una estrategia de desarrollo comunicacional y en la cual se comprenderán, la situación actual de la comunidad alrededor de la fiesta popular del Carnavalito, su visión de cómo se podría presentar a futuro en un escenario desfavorable y la construcción hacia un escenario de sus deseos como gestores de transformación. Se tomará lo encontrado en el diagnóstico para hacer uso de la tecnología transformadora de la planificación comunicacional, guiados por la orientación de los esquemas de la Maestría en Planificación y Gestión de Procesos Comunicacionales. Con esta estructura se propone y ejecuta un proyecto de desarrollo que aporta a las transversalidades de los procesos adelantados en el territorio, teniendo como propósito la formación de jóvenes líderes de la comunidad en competencias como la ciudadanía y la identidad comunitaria. Y, con el avance del proceso, aportar en la construcción de la memoria colectiva.
PRAWN PALAEMON MACRODACTYLUS (DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE) IN THE DON RIVER DELTA
Authors: Statkevich S. V.
Published: February 2022

The first cases of the oriental prawn Rathbun, 1902 capture in the Don delta and the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay are described. The first 9 prawns were registered in August 2016, and 2 more prawns were registered in October 2019. Sexually mature specimens were found on sandy and silty soils with water salinity from 0.58 to 5.0‰. The presence of a stable population of in the investigated region substantially extends the range of this species in the Azov-Black Sea basin.
THE FIRST REPORT ABOUT LAPHOSTRONGYLUS RANGIFERI (INVASIVE PARASITIC SPECIES IN REINDEER) IN THE LENINGRAD REGION
Authors: Loginova O. A. , Belova L. M. , Spiridonov S. E.
Published: February 2022

is a parasitic nematode specific to reindeer ( ). In the XXth century, reindeer were not found in the Leningrad Region. However, by 2020, several dozen of them were brought from the Murmansk Region and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and settled in at least seven private menageries. As a result of a study of the feces of 34 imported reindeer carried out in 2018-2021, larvae of nematodes were isolated, whose morphological, morphometric, physiological and biological characteristics corresponded to those of E. rangiferi . The species identification was confirmed by subsequent molecular genetic studies. The discovery of parasite larvae in the feces of the second generation reindeer (born in 2018-2020) indicates the successful completion of the full life cycle of this helminth, which requires a participation of intermediate hosts - terrestrial or freshwater gastropods. A combination of such circumstances as: 1) the appearance of reindeer infested with E. rangiferi in the Leningrad Region; 2) the presence of wild, agricultural and zoo ruminants capable of becoming the definitive hosts for Elaphostrongylus in the Leningrad Region; 3) the spread of the larvae of this parasite as a result of free walking of reindeer in the forest, their lease and resale, the commercial sale of non-disinfected manure; 4) the ability of larvae to maintain viability in feces and infected mollusks for about 2 years, withstanding freezing and drying; 5) high lethality of infested nonspecific hosts due to parasitic encephalomyelitis, pneumonia, etc.; 6) the lack of methods for treating sick animals - endangers the theriofauna of the Leningrad Region.
ROLE OF DIMETHYL SULFATE ON BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Fragaria ananassa Duch UNDER SALINITY STRESS IN VITRO
Authors: S. Yasir S. , Hamad R. M. , Neamah S. I.
Published: February 2022

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of Dimethylsulfate (DMS) 0%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% under four levels of salinity including 0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol NaCl L-1 on some biochemistry characters such as proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll. All treatments were distributed according to the factorial experiment using complete ro(CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 0.03% of DMS gave the highest proline of 2.08 mg g-1, H2O2 of 0.64 µM 100mg-1, catalase of 19.53 AU min-1g-1 and SOD of 116.8 IU 100mg-1. The control achieved the highest Chl a  of35.75 mg g-1, Chl b of 23.38 mg g-1 and total chlorophyll of 79.00 mg g-1 . Furthermore, 30 mM NaCl L-1  possesses highest proline of 2.14 mg g-1, H2O2 of 0.62  µM 100mg-1, catalase of 19.38 AU min-1g-1  and SOD of 114.0IU 100mg-1. The non-saline plantlets (control) gave highest Chl.a of 33.00 mg g-1, Chl b 20.62 mg g-1. While 60 mmol NaCl L-1 gave biggest total chlorophyll of 74.75.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THYME AND OLIVE LEAVE IN QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC OF LAMB PATTIES DURING STORAGE
Authors: Anwar Hozan. M. , Baker I. A.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of each of olive leaf extract (OLE) and thyme leaf extract (TLE) and their combination in some physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristic of lamb patties stored either at 4c° for 12 days or at -18c° for 120 days. Results revealed that there are a steady rise (p<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial count and free fatty acid in control and treated samples with increasing time in both storage periods. Also, a significant (p<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial count and free fatty acid was observed in samples treated with OLE, TLE and their combination. Moreover, it was found that addition of 1% OLE and 1% OLE +0.05%TLE are more effective against formation of TBA and microbial count, respectively. Sensory characteristics were highest in patties treated with 0.05% TLE and the lowest was noticed in samples treated with 1% OLE.
STUDY OF MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL- A RETRO-PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar Mansi , A. Mali Kimaya , S.Warke Himangi
Published: February 2022

Background: Medical termination of pregnancy is dened as termination of pregnancy before the age of
viability of foetus under any grounds of Medical termination of pregnancy Act 1971.The Medical
Termination Bill 2020, passed in March 2020 amends to increase the upper limit for termination to 24 weeks for certain
categories of women. Also the bill allows unmarried women termination of pregnancy for contraceptive failure. Safe and legal
abortions are considered a key intervention to improve women’s health and quality of life. The current study is to assess the
perception of eligible women on MTP services in cases of unwanted pregnancies amid determine the indications,
complications and the contraceptive method used along with the procedure.
Results: In the present study 60% patients belonged to the age group of 20-30. 41% patients had undergone termination due to
failure of contraception,26% patients had multiple congenital anomalies,23.5% patients had maternal medical condition that
could cause grave injury to physical and mental health of the mother making termination necessary.9% patients had
termination due to social reasons. 53% patients had undergone medical abortion with Misoprostol alone compared to 19% who
had undergone termination with combined Mifepristone and Misoprostol.
Conclusions: It is needed that more number of females need to be counselled to adopt one or other method for contraception at
time of termination to avoid further unwanted pregnancies.Medical termination of pregnancy with mifepristone and
misoprostol is a safe, simple and effective approach. It permits greater privacy to the patients. Wide spread use of medical
abortion may reduce number of deaths due to traumatic illegal termination of pregnancies Misoprostol, Mifepristone
“STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN DISPLACED BIMALLEOLAR FRACTURE TREATED WITH FIBULAR PLATING FOR LATERAL MALLEOLUS AND PINNING OR SCREW FOR MEDIAL MALLEOLUS “
Authors: Ambulgekar Rajesh Kishanrao , Agrawal Rahul Sudhir , Kulkarni Parag , Kale Madhusudan , Kothari Pritesh
Published: February 2022

Fractures of the ankle joint are among the commonest fractures in adults, with an incidence of up to 174
cases per 100 000 persons per year1. A study was conducted to learn the functional outcome of displaced
bimalleolar fracture treated with bular plating for lateral malleolus and pinning or screw for medial malleolus. For a good
long-term functional outcome to be achieved, reliable early evaluation is crucial so that it can be determined whether the
problem is a distortion (sprain), ligament rupture, bony ligament avulsion, or fracture of the talocrural joint. The proper
treatment is chosen on the basis of the mechanism of the accident and the correct classication of the injury and accompanying
soft-tissue damage. The goal of treatment is to enable the patient to put his or her full weight on the joint once again without pain
and to prevent permanent damage2. In this study, a total of 25 patients were included. Detailed history and clinical ndings are
conrmed and noted. After surgery patients followed on at 1 month, 3 months & 6 months, and thereafter yearly for their
radiological and functional outcome.
CITED PAPERS ON ALZHEIMER DISEASE: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS USING SCOPUS DATABASE
Authors: Kayalvizhi N , Devika S. S. , Rao P. Nageswara
Published: February 2022

The impact of Alzheimer's disease on the population is signicant. Alzheimer's disease rose from the 25th
most burdensome disease in the world. In order to identify depth and importance of the disease a
scientometric study has been carried out. The study was carried out with the objective to examine the cited publications in
Alzheimer's disease research and to examine the chronological growth of cited publications. The literature on Alzheimer's
disease research data has been downloaded from 'Scopus', multidisciplinary online database, which is an international
indexing and abstracting database, using the search term “Alzheimer's”. A total of 1,79,722 records have been identied during
the period of 1970-2017 (48 years). The study was carried out with the objective to examine the cited publications in Alzheimer's
disease research and to examine the chronological growth of cited publications. Further study identies the authorship pattern
of cited publications. The data were analysed based on trend of Cited publications; Citation and type of access; Yearwise
growth; Block yearwise; Authorship pattern and Document type of cited publications. Nearly 85.3% of publications were cited
and only 14.7% of publications were uncited. The study reveals that the citation of articles gets study increase every year during
the study period and seems to be in linear trend. Nine papers out of 10 papers get cited irrespective of document type except
short survey.