bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of extreme temperatures using a new method: TIN‐copula
Authors: Lazoglou Georgia , Gräler Benedikt , Anagnostopoulou Christina
Published: May 2019

In climatology, there is a clear need for more reliable data, especially in regions where no meteorological stations exist. Different statistical methods as well as regional climate models are usually used for covering areas with limited data. However, important biases between real and simulated climate parameters are observed, especially with respect to extremes. The present study introduces a new statistical method that combines triangular irregular networks and copulas for the simulation of extreme maximum and minimum temperatures. According to the new method, a studied region can be divided into triangles, and a data series can be simulated for every unknown x‐point in each triangle. The simulation of new data series is based on both the distances between the unknown point and the triangle vertices and the observational data available at each vertex. The statistical evaluation of this new method was successful and further demonstrated that the size of the triangle as well as the climatic characteristics of the stations at the triangle vertices can significantly affect the final results. The present investigation proposes the triangular irregular network‐copula method for the simulation of extreme temperatures, as the projections provided by this method are shown to approach the observed extremes values for individual meteorological stations.
Development of a Biconcave Mobile‐Bearing Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty Concept Using Finite Element Analysis and Design Optimization
Authors: Zhou Chaochao , Willing Ryan
Published: May 2019

Total disc arthroplasty (TDA) is a motion‐preserving surgical treatment for spinal disorders. However, adverse surgical outcomes, such as abnormal kinematics, facet joint (FJ) overloading, and polyethylene (PE) failures, have limited wide application of lumbar TDAs. The objectives of this computational study were to elucidate how implant design and FJ articulation both influence metal‐on‐polyethylene (MoP) motion and contact mechanics, as well as to propose and refine a new mobile‐bearing TDA concept which enhanced postoperative performance. Simulation results show that abnormal motions (lift‐off and/or unsymmetrical motion) are alleviated in fixed‐/mobile‐bearing TDA‐treated segments, as the FJ gap increases. It clearly demonstrates that FJ articulation guides segmental motion and interferes with intended MoP articulation. For an existing biconvex mobile‐bearing design, component impingement leads to a peak PE stress of 20.8 MPa (yield stress: 13 MPa), indicating a high risk of PE creep/fracture. Therefore, we proposed a new TDA concept featuring a biconcave PE core with a smooth shape, in order to strengthen the PE rim and mitigate edge‐loading. Furthermore, the biconcave‐core TDA was optimally designed to promote normal segmental range of motion (ROM), or to minimize polyethylene contact pressure (PCP). In extension (the severest loading scenario), the biconvex‐core TDA design caused a ROM 3.6° (+88%) greater than the intact segment and a peak PCP of 116.5 MPa. In contrast, ROM‐optimal or PCP‐optimal biconcave‐core TDA designs decreased the ROM difference to 0.0° or the peak PCP to 24.3 MPa. Therefore, this new TDA design can potentially reduce the incidence of hypermotion and PE damage. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1805–1816, 2019
Utilizing Multiple BioMEMS Sensors to Monitor Orthopaedic Strain and Predict Bone Fracture Healing
Authors: Wolynski Jakob G. , Sutherland Conor J. , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Unal Emre , Alipour Akbar , Puttlitz Christian M. , McGilvray Kirk C.
Published: May 2019

Current diagnostic modalities, such as radiographs or computed tomography, exhibit limited ability to predict the outcome of bone fracture healing. Failed fracture healing after orthopaedic surgical treatments are typically treated by secondary surgery; however, the negative correlation of time between primary and secondary surgeries with resultant health outcome and medical cost accumulation drives the need for improved diagnostic tools. This study describes the simultaneous use of multiple (n = 5) implantable flexible substrate wireless microelectromechanical (fsBioMEMS) sensors adhered to an intramedullary nail (IMN) to quantify the biomechanical environment along the length of fracture fixation hardware during simulated healing in ex vivo ovine tibiae. This study further describes the development of an antenna array for interrogation of five fsBioMEMS sensors simultaneously, and quantifies the ability of these sensors to transmit signal through overlaying soft tissues. The ex vivo data indicated significant differences associated with sensor location on the IMN (p < 0.01) and fracture state (p < 0.01). These data indicate that the fsBioMEMS sensor can serve as a tool to diagnose the current state of fracture healing, and further supports the use of the fsBioMEMS as a means to predict fracture healing due to the known existence of latency between changes in fracture site material properties and radiographic changes. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1873–1880, 2019
T2* Mapping of the Adult Intervertebral Lumbar Disc: Normative Data and Analysis of Diurnal Effects
Authors: Kolf Anna‐Katharina , Konieczny Markus , Hesper Tobias , Hosalkar HarishS , Schleich Christoph , Antoch Gerald , Krauspe Rüdiger , Bittersohl Bernd
Published: May 2019

In this prospective study, we sought to establish normative data for T2* analysis of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs). Further, potential diurnal effects regarding T2* relaxometry of the lower spine were examined. Lumbar IVDs of young, healthy, adult men (n = 20) and women (n = 20; mean age = 24.5 ± 2.9 years) were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging including T2* mapping was performed on a 3‐T scanner. Mid‐sagittal T2* values were obtained in five regions: anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), anterior nucleus pulposus (NP), central NP, posterior NP, and posterior AF. Zonal and segmental differences, as well as diurnal variations between the T2* analysis in the morning and the evening and effects of unloading, were analyzed. Discs with signs of degeneration on morphological images or imaging artifacts were excluded. We noted a zonal and segmental T2* distribution with high values in the NP, low T2* values in the AF and a T2* increase towards the caudal NP. We observed no diurnal differences between the mean T2* values in the morning and in the evening (p = 0.748). The effect of unloading the spine was low (maximum T2* difference between four measurements = 13.6 ms; significant difference noted only between the 0 and 15‐min measurement). The T2* values obtained in this study will serve as normative values for future T2* measurements. There are no diurnal influences, and we suggest that unloading of the spine has no demonstrable effect after 30 min on the T2* results. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1956–1962, 2019
Morphology of Mouse Anterior Cruciate Ligament‐Complex Changes Following Exercise During Pubertal Growth
Authors: Schlecht Stephen H. , Martin Colin T. , Ochocki Danielle N. , Nolan Bonnie T. , Wojtys Edward M. , Ashton‐Miller James A.
Published: May 2019

Postnatal development and the physiological loading response of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) complex (ACL proper, entheses, and bony morphology) is not well understood. We tested whether the ACL‐complex of two inbred mouse strains that collectively encompass the musculoskeletal variation observed in humans would demonstrate significant morphological differences following voluntary cage‐wheel running during puberty compared with normal cage activity controls. Female A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) 6‐week‐old mice were provided unrestricted access to a standard cage‐wheel for 4 weeks. A/J‐exercise mice showed a 6.3% narrower ACL (p = 0.64), and a 20.1% more stenotic femoral notch (p < 0.01) while B6‐exercise mice showed a 12.3% wider ACL (p = 0.10), compared with their respective controls. Additionally, A/J‐exercise mice showed a 5.3% less steep posterior medial tibial slope (p = 0.07) and an 8.8% less steep posterior lateral tibial slope (p = 0.07), while B6‐exercise mice showed a 9.8% more steep posterior medial tibial slope (p < 0.01) than their respective controls. A/J‐exercise mice also showed more reinforcement of the ACL tibial enthesis with a 20.4% larger area (p < 0.01) of calcified fibrocartilage distributed at a 29.2% greater depth (p = 0.02) within the tibial enthesis, compared with their controls. These outcomes suggest exercise during puberty significantly influences ACL‐complex morphology and that inherent morphological differences between these mice, as observed in their less active genetically similar control groups, resulted in a divergent phenotypic outcome between mouse strains. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1910–1919, 2019
The Complex Relationship Between In Vivo ACL Elongation and Knee Kinematics During Walking and Running
Authors: Nagai Kanto , Gale Tom , Chiba Daisuke , Su Favian , Fu FreddieH , Anderst William
Published: May 2019

In vivo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bundle (anteromedial bundle [AMB] and posterolateral bundle [PLB]) relative elongation during walking and running remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate in vivo ACL relative elongation over the full gait cycle during walking and running. Ten healthy volunteers walked and ran at a self‐selected pace on an instrumented treadmill while biplane radiographs of the knee were acquired at 100 Hz (walking) and 150 Hz (running). Tibiofemoral kinematics were determined using a validated model‐based tracking process. The boundaries of ACL insertions were identified using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The AMB and PLB centroid‐to‐centroid distances were calculated from the tracked bone motions, and these bundle lengths were normalized to their respective lengths on MRI to calculate relative elongation. Maximum AMB relative elongation during running (6.7 ± 2.1%) was significantly greater than walking (5.0 ± 1.7%, p = 0.043), whereas the maximum PLB relative elongation during running (1.1 ± 2.1%) was significantly smaller than walking (3.4 ± 2.3%, p = 0.014). During running, the maximum AMB relative elongation was significantly greater than the maximum PLB relative elongation (p < 0.001). ACL relative elongations were correlated with tibiofemoral six degree‐of‐freedom kinematics. The AMB and PLB demonstrate similar elongation patterns but different amounts of relative elongation during walking and running. The complex relationship observed between ACL relative elongation and knee kinematics indicates that ACL relative elongation is impacted by tibiofemoral kinematic parameters in addition to flexion/extension. These findings suggest that ACL strain is region‐specific during walking and running. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1920–1928, 2019
Three‐Dimensional In Vivo Analysis of Malunited Distal Radius Fractures With Restricted Forearm Rotation
Authors: Abe Shingo , Oka Kunihiro , Miyamura Satoshi , Shigi Atsuo , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Murase Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2019

Malunited distal radius fractures (DRFs) occasionally restrict forearm rotation, but the underlying pathology remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of rotational restriction by retrospective analysis of 23 patients with unilateral malunited DRFs who presented restricted forearm rotation. We conducted computed tomography during forearm rotation on both sides. Three‐dimensional (3D) bone surface models of the forearm were created, and 3D deformity of the distal radius, translation of the distal radius relative to the ulna, distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) contact area, and estimated path length (EPL) of distal radioulnar ligaments (DRUL) during forearm rotation were evaluated. In total, 18 patients had dorsal angular deformities (DA group) and five had volar angular deformities (VA group). In the DA group, the closest point between the distal radius and ulna on DRUJ was displaced to the volar side during supination and pronation (p < 0.001); DRUJ contact area was not significantly different between the DA and normal groups. In bone–ligament model simulation, the EPL of dorsal DRUL was longer in the DA group than in the normal group (p < 0.001); opposite phenomena were observed in the VA group. In the DA group, translation of the distal radius in a volar direction relative to the ulna during pronation was impaired presumably due to dorsal DRUL tightness. Anatomical normal reduction of the distal radius by corrective osteotomy may improve forearm rotation by improving triangular fibrocartilage complex tightness and normalizing translation of the distal radius relative to the ulna. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1881–1891, 2019
Alternative Interleukin 17A/F Locus Haplotypes Are Associated With Increased Risk to Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Eftedal RandiK , Vrgoc Goran , Jotanovic Zdravko , Dembic Zlatko
Published: May 2019

We studied the genetic epidemiology of primary large‐joint (hip and knee) osteoarthritis (OA), in order to find disease risk factors by a candidate‐gene approach. We used case–control study in the Croatian Caucasian population. We genotyped 500 OA patients (260 hip, 240 knee; both with total joint replacements) and 597 healthy individuals for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin 17A (IL17A) (rs2275913) and IL17F (rs763780 and rs1889570) genes. On the basis of our population and allelic and genotypic frequencies haplotypes were predicted by PHASE software and compared between patients and controls. The three‐SNP haplotype (rs2275913–rs763780–rs1889570) G–C–A confers predisposition to hip (p < 0.005) but not knee OA. The three‐SNP haplotype having opposed nucleotides A–T–G was found significantly associated with 2.6 times higher risk for developing knee (p < 0.02) but not hip OA. The haplotype G–T (IL17A–IL17F; rs2275913–rs763780) is associated with protection to the disease in hip OA (p < 0.01). Our analyses show that two disparate haplotypes within the IL17A‐F gene locus are associated with higher risk to developing hip and knee OA in the Croatian population. The data might suggest a difference in the etiology of hip OA from that of the knee OA, perhaps due to an unknown dissimilarity in vulnerability of these joints to the actions of IL17. Alternatively, other differences in genetic factors like the long non‐protein coding region LINCMD1 and/or microRNA species like miR133b and miR206 found in the vicinity of the IL17 locus might be involved in the observed risk. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1972–1978, 2019
Blocking CCN2 Reduces Progression of Sensorimotor Declines and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Chronic Repetitive Overuse
Authors: Barbe Mary F. , Hilliard Brendan A. , Delany Sean P. , Iannarone Victoria J. , Harris Michele Y. , Amin Mamta , Cruz Geneva E. , Barreto‐Cruz Yeidaliz , Tran Ngih ,  Day Emily P. , Hobson Lucas J. , Assari Soroush , Popoff Steven N.
Published: May 2019

Fibrosis may be a key factor in sensorimotor dysfunction in patients with chronic overuse‐induced musculoskeletal disorders. Using a clinically relevant rodent model, in which performance of a high demand handle‐pulling task induces tissue fibrosis and sensorimotor declines, we pharmacologically blocked cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2; connective tissue growth factor) with the goal of reducing the progression of these changes. Young adult, female Sprague–Dawley rats were shaped to learn to pull at high force levels (10 min/day, 5 weeks), before performing a high repetition high force (HRHF) task for 3 weeks (2 h/day, 3 days/week). HRHF rats were untreated, or treated in task weeks 2 and 3 with a monoclonal antibody that blocks CCN2 (FG‐3019), or a control immunoglobulin G (IgG). Control rats were untreated or received FG‐3019, IgG, or vehicle (saline) injections. Mean task reach rate and grasp force were higher in 3‐week HRHF + FG‐3019 rats, compared with untreated HRHF rats. Grip strength declined while forepaw mechanical sensitivity increased in untreated HRHF rats, compared with controls; changes improved by FG‐3019 treatment. The HRHF task increased collagen in multiple tissues (flexor digitorum muscles, nerves, and forepaw dermis), which was reduced with FG‐3019 treatment. FG‐3019 treatment also reduced HRHF‐induced increases in CCN2 and transforming growth factor β in muscles. In tendons, FG‐3019 reduced HRHF‐induced increases in CCN2, epitendon thickening, and cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that CCN2 is critical to the progression of chronic overuse‐induced multi‐tissue fibrosis and functional declines. FG‐3019 treatment may be a novel therapeutic strategy for overuse‐induced musculoskeletal disorders. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2004–2018, 2019
Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Junfang , Jiang Yuwei , Li Deqiang
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Red tomato processing is one of the leading industries in Xinjiang, but also the largest export industry. In the process of tomato planting, imidacloprid (IMI) is often used to kill aphids, which poses the risk of pesticide residue. However, as daily consumables, pesticide residue on tomatoes may cause a potential threat to human health. Therefore the aims of this research were to study the residue dynamics of IMI pesticides in tomatoes by monitoring field experiments and to investigate the fate of IMI and its metabolites under Xinjiang field conditions.

RESULTS

In the field trials, three different doses of IMI were sprayed on tomato during the fruit setting stage. Degradation of IMI and residue behaviors of its metabolites at different stages were systemically traced and evaluated by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐Orbitrap MS). An accurate mass tool was used as the main method to identify the IMI metabolites. The improved method showed high efficiency in detecting IMI and 6‐chlorinated nicotinic acid (6‐CNA), being able to determine hazardous pesticides at trace levels. The fate of IMI in field tomato was investigated over 28 days. The metabolic mechanism of IMI in tomato is: OH products in the early stage and carbonyl products in the late stage.

CONCLUSION

Under natural conditions, pesticides in tomatoes will gradually decrease with time. In this process, olefin IMI is produced, but it is almost completely metabolized after 28 days. Therefore even 10 times the recommended dose of IMI pesticide will not endanger human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Water‐soluble vitamin content of sun‐dried Corinthian raisins (Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena)
Authors: Panagopoulou Eirini A , Chiou Antonia , Karathanos Vaios T
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Corinthian raisins are dried vine products, representing approximately 3% of the world dried vine fruit production. The majority of Corinthian raisin production is of Greek origin. Studies on the B‐group vitamin content of Corinthian raisins produced in Greece as well as on the effect of region and cultivation altitude on the B‐group vitamin content are absent in the literature.

RESULTS

Corinthian raisin vitamin content was evaluated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography after acid and enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of raisin subcategory, i.e. regions of cultivation, crop‐to‐crop variations, and cultivation altitude. Eight vitamers from five different vitamins were identified and quantified in Corinthian raisins. Vitamin B3 (0.77–2.82 g × 10−2 × kg−1) was found to predominate, followed by B6 (0.27–0.37 g × 10−2 × kg−1), B1 (0.19–0.22 g × 10−2 × kg−1), and B2 (0.10–0.15 g × 10−2 × kg−1). B9 content was up to 7.1 g × 10−5 × kg−1. Minor differences were observed among regions of cultivation, cultivation altitude and crop‐to‐crop variations.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed the presence of several water‐soluble vitamins in Corinthian raisins that, together with other health‐promoting micronutrients present in the product, further reinforce its place as part of a healthy diet. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts malignancy and recurrence‐free survival of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas
Authors: Yang Feng , Bao Yun , Zhou Zhongwen , Jin Chen , Fu Deliang
Published: May 2019

Background

Systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been shown to be prognostic for many types of pancreatic malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of these markers in patients with solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP).

Methods

Patients who underwent surgical resection for histologically confirmed SPTP were retrospectively reviewed in our institution. Preoperative NLR and PLR were calculated. Clinicopathologic data were correlated with the presence of malignant potential and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Results

A total of 113 patients with SPTP were included in this study. Of them, 23 were men and 90 were women, with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range, 25‐44). The optimal cut‐off values for malignant SPTP were 3.22 for NLR, and 75.5 for PLR, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that high NLR (>3.22) and white blood cell count more than 9.96 × 109/L were predictive of a malignant SPTP. Meanwhile, high NLR (P = 0.001) and age more than 35 years (P = 0.026) were associated with worse RFS. On multivariable analyses, high NLR was the only independent predictor of malignant SPTP (odd ratio 6.871; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.482‐31.864; P = 0.014) and RFS (hazard ratio 12.633; 95% CI, 1.758‐90.790; P = 0.012).

Conclusions

This study highlights the supportive role of preoperative NLR in predicting malignancy and RFS of SPTP patients. Further studies including a larger cohort of patients are needed to corroborate our findings.
Changing odds of survival over time among patients undergoing surgical resection of extremity soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Kim Yongsung , Kim Han‐Soo , Cho Hwan Seong , Han Ilkyu
Published: May 2019

Background

While survival after surgical treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is traditionally reported as actuarial survival, conditional survival (CS) may be more clinically relevant as it accounts for time already survived. We compared actuarial survival and CS of STS patients.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed 567 patients who underwent surgery for localized extremity STS. Actuarial survival was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate factors associated with disease‐specific survival. Five‐year CS (CS5) estimates at “χ” year(s) after surgery were calculated as CS5 = S(χ + 5)/S(χ).

Results

Whereas actuarial survival decreased over time, CS5 increased. The postsurgical 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year CS5 values were 84.5%, 90.0%, and 93.8%, respectively, whereas the 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐year actuarial survival rates were 82.0%, 79.4%, and 78.5%, respectively. The calculated CS5 exceeded actuarial survival especially in patients with risk factors such as large tumor size and Federation Nationale des Centers de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) grades 2 and 3 tumors. Patients with tumor size ≥5 cm had an actuarial survival of 73.9% at 10 years compared to a CS5 of 95.4% in patients alive at 5 years. Likewise, patients with FNCLCC grade 3 tumors had an actuarial survival of 71.1% at 10 years compared to a CS5 of 96.0% in patients alive at 5 years.

Conclusions

Survival estimation by determination of CS can be dynamic and accurate especially in high‐risk patients. CS can be useful for survival prediction and clinical decision making in extremity STS patients.
Long‐term results of the Global Modular Replacement System tumor prosthesis for reconstruction after limb‐sparing bone resections in orthopedic oncologic conditions: Results from a national cohort
Authors: Yilmaz Müjgan , Sørensen Michala S. , Sæbye Casper , Baad‐Hansen Thomas , Petersen Michael M.
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives

We investigated implant revision, implant failure, and amputation risk after limb‐sparing bone tumor surgery using the Global Modular Replacement System (GMRS) tumor prosthesis in patients suffering from bone sarcomas (BS), giant cell tumors (GCT), or metastatic bone disease (MBD).

Material and Methods

A retrospective study of a nationwide consecutive cohort (n = 119, 47 [12‐81] years, M/F = 65/54) having limb‐sparing surgery and reconstruction using the GMRS tumor prosthesis due to bone tumors (BS/GCT/MBD = 70/8/41) from 2005 to 2013. Anatomical locations were as followed: distal femur (n = 49), proximal femur (n = 41), proximal tibia (n = 26), or total femur (n = 3). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and competing risk analysis with death as a competing risk were used for statistical analysis.

Results

For BS and GCT patients, 5‐year patient survival was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59‐85%) and for MBD 33% (95% CI: 19‐48%). Thirty‐two patients underwent revision surgery (5‐year revision incidence 14%; 95% CI: 8‐21%). Twelve patients had revision of bone‐anchored parts (implant failure) with a 5‐year revision incidence 6% (95% CI: 2‐10%). Ten amputations were performed due to local relapse (n = 9) or recurrent infections (n = 1) with a 5‐year incidence of amputation: 8% (95% CI: 3‐13%).

Conclusions

We identified a low risk of revision and amputation when using the GMRS tumor prosthesis for limb‐sparing bone tumor.
Nine components pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma after oral administration raw and prepared Semen Cassiae in normal and acute liver injury rats
Authors: Yang Bing , Xie Li , Peng Siying , Sun Kanping , Jin Junjie , Zhen Yanping , Qin Kunming , Cai Baochang
Published: May 2019

In China, Semen Cassiae has long been used to protect liver, brighten eyes, and relieve constipation. Prepared Semen Cassiae is produced from raw Semen Cassiae by processing, the two forms of Semen Cassiae have different clinical applications. Pathological state is an important factor affecting the efficacy of drugs, the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs could be significantly changed when people or animal were under different pathological state. To clarify the effect of processing mechanism and pathological state for pharmacokinetic behavior, the pharmacokinetics of nine components of raw and prepared Semen Cassiae under normal and acute liver injury rats were examined. The results showed that the bimodal phenomenon appeared on the plasma concentration‐time profiles of obtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin and rhein. The Tmax of aurantio‐obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin, physcion in normal groups administrated prepared Semen Cassiae were shorter than those administrated raw Semen Cassiae. For the AUC0–t, aurantio‐obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin and physcione in model groups administrated prepared Semen Cassiae were significantly higher than other groups, unlike above components, rhein had poor absorption in model groups. The study would be useful for further studies on pharmacokinetics and clinical application of raw and prepared Semen Cassiae.
Study of the peak broadening due to detection in the electrophoretic separation of DNA by CE and microchip CE and the application of image sensor for ultra‐small detection cell length
Authors: Ni Yi , Zhao Yubin , Chen Qinmiao , Yamaguchi Yoshinori , Dou Xiaoming
Published: May 2019

Narrow peaks are important to high‐resolution and high‐speed separation of DNA fragments by capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis. Detection cell length is one of the broadening factors, which is often ignored in experiments. However, is it always safe to neglect detection cell length under any condition? To answer this question, we investigated the influence of detection cell length by simulation and experiments. A parameter named as detection cell length ratio was proposed to directly compare the detection cell length and the spatial length of sample band. Electrophoretic peaks generated by various detection cell length ratios were analyzed. A simple rule to evaluate the peak broadening due to detection cell length was obtained. The current states of the detection cell length of detection system and their reliabilities in capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis were analyzed. Microchip capillary electrophoresis detection with an ultra‐small detection cell length of 0.36 μm was easily achieved by using an image sensor.
Determination of major components from Radix Achyranthes bidentate using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry and an evaluation of their anti‐osteoporosis effect in vitro
Authors: Tao Yi , Huang Surun , Yan Jizhong , Cai Baochang
Published: May 2019

Ecdysterone and saponins are the most characteristic components of Radix Achyranthes bidentate, which acts on the human body to promote collagen synthesis and stimulates cell growth. However, the relationship between these components and the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells is unknown. We developed a rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for direct determination of one ecdysterone and four saponins in crude and salt‐processed Radix Achyranthes bidentate. The method was interrogated in terms of linearity, intra‐ and inter‐day precision, repeatability, stability and recovery. The method was linear within the concentration ranges of 0.003–336 μg/mL for β‐ecdysterone, 0.0035–130 μg/mL for 25S‐inokosterone, 0.004–423 μg/mL for ginsenoside Ro, 0.0036–66 μg/mL for chikusetsusaponin IV and 0.0044–111 μg/mL for chikusetsusaponin IVa. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were all within 2.7%. The standard addition method determined recovery rates for each component (98.7–102.5%). The method was successfully applied to simultaneously quantify five components in ten batches of crude and salt‐processed Radix Achyranthes bidentate. Subsequently, the examination of these extracts on the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells were carried out. Finally, the relationships between the contents of five components and their anti‐osteoporosis effect were investigated by using canonical correlation analysis.
Preparation of aptamer‐bound polyamine affinity monolithic column via a facile triazine‐bridged strategy and application to on‐column specific discrimination of ochratoxin A
Authors: Yu Xia , Lai Shuoke , Wang Li , Chen Yiqiong , Lin Xucong , Xie Zenghong
Published: May 2019

Developing a high‐performance modification protocol is critical for efficiently fabricating affinity monolith. Herein, by using 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine as the linker, a simple triazine‐bridged approach was proposed for efficiently fabricating aptamer‐grafted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐polyethyleneimine affinity monolith with high specificity toward ochratoxin A. Experimental parameters, column characteristics and specificity performances of the resultant affinity monolith were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine was rapidly grafted on the polyamine matrix, and effectively applied to the subsequent bridge linkage of aptamers. It was simple and effective, which resulted in a significant decrease of modification time, excellent properties including the high coverage density of aptamer up to 1799 pmol/μL and sensitive detection of ochratoxin A as low as 10 pg/mL in beer samples. This protocol provides a facile approach for fabricating aptamer‐grafted polyamine affinity monoliths with highly selective discrimination performance.
A model study on the mechanism and kinetics for the dissociation of water anion
Authors: Huyen Trinh Le , Duong Long Van , Nguyen Minh Tho , Lin Ming Chang
Published: May 2019

Quantum chemical computations using both density functional theory (B3LYP functional) and wavefunction (MP2 and CCSD(T)) methods, with the 6‐311++G(3df,2p) and aug‐cc‐pVnZ (n = D,T,Q) basis sets, in conjunction with a polarizable continuum model (PCM) method for treating structures in solution, were carried out to look again at a series of small negatively charged water species [(H2O)n]•–. For each size n of [(H2O)n]•– in aqueous solution with n = 2, 3, and 4, two distinct structural motifs can be identified: a classical water radical anion formed by hydrogen bonds and a molecular pincer in which the excess electron is directly interacting with H atoms. In aqueous solution, both motifs have comparable energy content and likely coexist and compete for the ground state. Some water anion isomers can dissociate when interaction with a water molecule, [(H2O)n]•– + H2O → H•(H2O)m + OH–(H2O)n–m, through successive hydrogen transfers with moderate energy barriers. This reaction can also be regarded as a water‐splitting process in which the H transfers involved take place mainly within a water trimer, whereas other water molecules tend to stabilize transition structures through microsolvation rather than direct participation. Calculated absolute rate constants for the reversed reaction H•(H2O)2 + OH–(H2O)2 → [(H2O)4]•־ + H2O with both H and D isotopes agree well with the experimentally evaluated counterpart and lend a kinetic support for the involvement of a tetramer unit.
Impact of AASM 2012 Recommended Hypopnea Criteria on Surgical Outcomes for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Jung Su Young , Rhee Eui Hyeok , Al‐Dilaijan Khalid Fawzi , Kim Sung Wan , Min Jin‐Young
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To assess the impact of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)
2012Rec criteria on the surgical success rate and polysomnography (PSG) parameters of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design

A prospective clinical trial.

Methods

A total of 60 patients who performed surgery for treatment of OSA at the sleep breathing disorder center of a tertiary referral university hospital from October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016, were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative PSG were performed and scored using AASM
2007Rec and AASM
2012Rec. Surgical success was determined by criteria 1 (postoperative Apnea‐Hypopnea Index [AHI] <20% and 50% reduction) and criteria 2 (postoperative AHI <10), and surgical success rates according to AASM
2007Rec and AASM
2012Rec were compared.

Results

PSG parameters including AHI, hypopnea index, respiratory effort‐related arousals, respiratory disturbance index, and supine AHI scored significantly higher with AASM
2012Rec compared to AASM
2007Rec criteria, both preoperatively and postoperatively (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, when compared to the AASM
2007Rec criteria, AASM
2012Rec resulted in increased proportion of patients with severe OSA (70.0% vs. 95.0%; P < 0.001). For the surgical outcomes, AASM
2012Rec showed significantly lower surgical success rate both in criteria 1 (51.7% vs. 38.3%) and criteria 2 (35.0% vs. 18.3%) compared to the AASM
2007Rec, respectively (P < 0 .05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that AASM
2012Rec tends to decrease the success rate of surgical outcome for OSA patients, suggesting that defining success of surgical treatment for OSA could be changed dramatically according to the hypopnea scoring criteria.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 130:825–831, 2020
Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Upper Airway Collapse Patterns and Maxillomandibular Advancement
Authors: Kastoer Chloé , Op de Beeck Sara , Dom Marc , Neirinckx Thérèse , Verbraecken Johan , Braem Marc J. , Van de Heyning Paul H. , Nadjmi Nasser , Vanderveken Olivier M.
Published: May 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate upper airway (UA) collapse patterns during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery outcome, paying particular attention to the DISE phenotype complete concentric collapse at the level of the palate (CCCp).

Study Design

Prospective case series.

Methods

Nineteen patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prospectively underwent mandibular advancement device (MAD) treatment followed by MMA surgery. UA collapse patterns were evaluated before and after MMA surgery. Baseline apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was compared with AHI during MAD treatment and after MMA surgery. UA collapse patterns and the presence of baseline CCCp were assessed. AHI differences between patients with and without CCCp after MMA surgery were compared.

Results

In 14 patients, a full dataset was obtained: 8/6 (male/female), mean age = 51 ± 7 years, body mass index (BMI) = 25.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2, and baseline AHI = 40.2 ± 25.6 per hour of sleep. MMA surgery reduced AHI to 9.9 ± 7.2 per hour of sleep (P = .0001). Eight patients benefited from additional AHI reduction compared to MAD treatment (P = .0113). Six out of 14 (43%) patients showed baseline CCCp. Baseline patient characteristics (age, BMI, and AHI) did not significantly differ between patients with and without CCCp. AHI was equally reduced after MMA, whether (P = .0145) or not (P = .0075) CCCp was present at baseline. All patients showed resolution of CCCp (P = .0159) during postoperative DISE.

Conclusions

CCCp seems not to be a negative predictor for MMA surgery outcome measured by AHI reduction. Furthermore, MMA is likely to eliminate CCCp. Therefore, MMA might be a solution for OSA patients showing CCCp and broadens the perspective for personalized medicine and combination therapy. However, a large sample is required for definitive results.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 130:E268–E274, 2020
Infectivity of murine papillomavirus in the surgical byproducts of treated tail warts
Authors: Best Simon R. , Esquivel Daniel , Mellinger‐Pilgrim Rebecca , Roden Richard B. S. , Pitman Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Objectives/Hypothesis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly stable DNA virus that causes disease in human organ systems, including the larynx and oropharynx. The treatment of HPV‐associated diseases with scalpels, lasers, and other surgical instruments has the potential to release infectious particles, placing healthcare workers at risk. The objectives of this study were to create a reproducible in vivo animal model of papillomavirus infectivity and to compare the infectivity of byproducts of surgically treated mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) warts.

Study Design

Animal study.

Methods

Nude laboratory mice (Mus musculus) with established MmuPV1 tail warts were treated with scalpel excision, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser ablation, and coblator treatment. Uninfected nude mice were challenged with surgical byproducts, including ablated and heated tissue, and surgical smoke products. The incidence and time course of the appearance of warts was recorded.

Results

There was rapid transmission of virus in mice challenged with scalpel‐treated warts, with 50% penetrance of infection at day 13 and 100% at day 32. For KTP‐treated warts, there was the slower development of infection (50% by day 35) but 100% penetrance by day 52. Coblator‐treated tissue reached 50% penetrance at day 59 and a maximum of 73% penetrance. Smoke plume captured during treatment with the KTP laser and coblator was highly infectious, as was the material captured in a laser filter.

Conclusions

MmuPV1 remains infectious in all modes of surgically treated tissue, and the smoke plume is capable of transmitting infection. Healthcare workers should use appropriate precautions to lower their risk of infection when treating papillomavirus‐associated diseases.

Level of Evidence

NA

Laryngoscope, 130:712–717, 2020
Preventing Restenosis of Marsupialized Rathke Cleft Cysts Using a Nasoseptal Flap Lining
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Trent Monica S. , Luu Neil N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Tong Charles C. , O'Malley Bert W. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are rare, benign lesions formed from remnants of Rathke pouch during embryologic development. However, following marsupialization, maintaining tract patency remains a challenge. Several techniques for decreasing stenosis have been described, including free mucosal grafting, silastic spacing, and using steroid‐eluting stents. Nasoseptal flaps (NSFs) have a reliable vascular supply and are widely utilized in skull base reconstruction. We present a novel technique to maintain patency of the marsupialized RCC cavity by lining it with an NSF to promote long‐term drainage and re‐epithelialization of the RCC cavity.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic RCCs. These patients underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery between February 3, 2016, and June 12, 2018, with marsupialization followed by circumferential NSF lining. Primary outcomes include symptomatic control, surgical complications, and RCC cavity patency.

Results

Seven patients underwent RCC marsupialization with no intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, followed by circumferential lining of the marsupialized cavity with an NSF. In each case, no cyst re‐accumulation or recurrent symptoms were noted, and the NSF lining provided long‐term patency of the tract in all cases to a mean of 6.7 ± 10.1 months of follow‐up, including one patient with sustained patency at 29 months follow‐up.

Conclusion

Utilization of the NSF to “stent open” the RCC cavity following marsupialization is a safe and effective means to prevent restenosis. Advantages include sustained patency of RCC cavity for complete drainage and a dependable vascular supply.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 129:2258–2261, 2019
Perianth and abiotic factors regulate seed germination of Haloxylon stocksii—A cash crop candidate for degraded saline lands
Authors: Rasheed Aysha , Hameed Abdul , Gul Bilquees , Khan Muhammad Ajmal
Published: May 2019

Haloxylon stocksii, a common succulent halophyte of saline flats in Pakistan and adjacent countries, is utilized as forage, washing soda, and medicines by the local people. In addition, its cultivation can also prevent land degradation by erosion and salinity. Given that information about its seed ecology is limited, this study aimed to unveil the germination requirements of H. stocksii seeds. Seed morpho‐physical features and effects of perianth persistence, salinity (0–500‐mM NaCl), photoperiod (12 hr light/12 hr dark and 24 hr dark), thermoperiod (10/20°C, 15/25°C, 20/30°C, and 25/35°C), and osmotic stress (0 to −4.29 MPa) on germination and recovery were studied. Presence of perianth caused reductions both in imbibition and germination compared to seeds with perianth removed. Seeds germinated optimally under moderate (20/30°C) than lower (10/20°C and 15/25°C) and higher (25/35°C) temperatures. Under 24 hr dark seed germination was ~20% lower than that in 12‐hr photoperiod at 20/30°C and in distilled water. NaCl increment decreased germination, and only ~20% seeds germinated in the highest NaCl concentration. Ungerminated seeds, when shifted from salt solution to distilled water, showed high recovery of germination. Polyethylene glycol treatment also reduced germination, which was comparable with NaCl treatments. However, polyethylene glycol‐treated seeds showed low recovery, unlike NaCl‐treated seeds. Our data unveil that seeds of H. stocksii germinate optimally upon removal of perianth, under moderate temperature, in absence of salinity and/or osmotic stresses. This study thus provides essential baseline information for mass‐scale cultivation and conservation of H. stocksii in degraded arid‐saline areas.
Tribological performance and degradation of 1‐n‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium methylsulfate ionic liquid in glycerol as lubricant for steel‐steel sliding contacts
Authors: Pejaković Vladimir , Totolin Vladimir , Ristic Andjelka , Gabler Christoph , Kalin Mitjan , Dörr Nicole
Published: May 2019

The ionic liquid (IL) 1‐n‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium methylsulfate was studied as additive for glycerol in steel‐steel contacts. The mixtures were evaluated in different IL concentrations with a reciprocating sliding tribometer in a ball‐on‐disc configuration under elastohydrodynamic and boundary conditions at room temperature and 100°C, respectively. At room temperature, friction and wear were mainly determined by the high viscosity of glycerol; hence, little differentiation was found. At 100°C, surface smoothening resulted in decrease of friction and wear with increase of IL concentration, which indicates corrosion as dominant part of the lubricating mechanism. A 0.6‐wt% IL turned out as best performing mixture regarding tribological behaviour and additive efficiency. Methylsulfate is reduced to sulphide when in contact with the steel surface. Methylsulfate reacts with glycerol to give glyceryl sulfate already during mixing as revealed by mass spectrometry. Acorrdingly, after triboexperiments, ions composed of sulfate, iron, and glycerol were identified.
Poly(m‐phenylenediamine)‐coated 316L SS: A promising material for bipolar plates in PEMFC environment
Authors: Shanmugham Chellakkutty , Rajendran N.
Published: May 2019

The applicability of conducting polymer coatings to enhance corrosion resistance of bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is gaining greater significance as electrical conductivity is as important as corrosion resistance. Metaphenylenediamine (mPD) monomer was electropolymerized to poly(m‐phenylenediamine) (PmPD) conducting polymer over 316L SS and characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy to confirm the formation of P
mPD polymer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the polymer. Open‐circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization studies were conducted to assess the corrosion protection performance of the PmPD polymer coating in PEMFC environment. The charge‐transfer resistance measured from EIS for the coated substrates was higher than the uncoated substrate. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed lower corrosion current density for the PmPD‐coated substrates. All the results proved that the PmPD‐coated substrates could exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance in PEMFC environment.
Self‐Assembled Acrylic ABA Triblock Copolymer Hydrogels with Various Block Compositions: Water Absorbency, Rheology, and SAXS
Authors: Arens Lukas , Wilhelm Manfred
Published: May 2019

A series of well‐defined symmetric poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(sodium methacrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐b‐PSMA‐b‐PMMA) triblock copolymers with various block compositions is synthesized. The amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers form polyelectrolyte hydrogels in water by self‐assembly. The hydrophobic PMMA endblocks act as physical cross‐links in the form of frozen micelles, while the hydrophilic PSMA midblocks span the 3D network. The influence of various synthetic parameters on the self‐assembly and the macroscopic properties of these hydrogels is systematically investigated by water absorbency, oscillatory shear rheology, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The polymer concentration during the hydrogel formation affects the ratio between looping and bridging chains. The number of MMA units per endblock (nA) determines the size and the relaxation rates of the physical cross‐links and thus, the mechanical stability of the hydrogels. More SMA units in the midblock (nB) increase the water absorbency, while the mechanical moduli decrease. Even lower G‐moduli are achieved by partly exchanging the symmetric ABA triblock with AB diblock copolymers, which can only form non‐elastic dangling ends.