bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia and its components in adult renal transplant recipients: prevalence and association with body adiposity
Authors: Menna Barreto Ana Paula Medeiros , Barreto Silva Maria Inês , Pontes Karine Scanci da Silva , Costa Mariana Silva da , Rosina Kelli Trindade de Carvalho , Souza Edison , Bregman Rachel , Klein Márcia Regina Simas Torres
Published: September 2019

Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder associated with adverse outcomes. Ageing causes primary sarcopenia, while secondary causes include chronic kidney disease (CKD), long-term use of glucocorticoids and obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia using guidelines recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP, 2010; EWGSOP2, 2018) and the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and analyse the relationship between sarcopenia and body adiposity in adult renal transplant recipients (RTR). This was a cross-sectional study of adult RTR (BMI ≥ 18·5 kg/m2). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometry. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The prevalence of sarcopenia in adult RTR (n 185; 57 % men, 50 (se 0·82) years and eGFR 55·80 (se 1·52) ml/min) was 7 % (FNIH), 11 % (EWGSOP2) and 17 % (EWGSOP). Low muscle mass, muscle function and physical performance affected, respectively, up to 28, 46 and 10 % of the participants. According to EWGSOP and EWGSOP2, body adiposity evaluated by anthropometry and DXA (percentage trunk fat) was lower in participants with sarcopenia. Conversely, according to the FNIH criteria, RTR with sarcopenia presented higher waist:height ratio. The present study suggests that adult RTR sarcopenia prevalence varies according to the diagnostic criteria; low muscle mass, low muscle function and low physical performance are common conditions; the association of body adiposity and sarcopenia depends on the criteria used to define this syndrome; and the FNIH criteria detected higher adiposity in individuals with sarcopenia.
The Notion of Nobility and the Impact of Ennoblement on Early Modern Central Europe
Authors: Margreiter Klaus
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the problem of why there was a constant demand for ennoblement in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Central Europe, even though those who aspired to it had little or no prospect of integration into the established feudal nobility. Nobility was first and foremost an ideological concept closely connected to power and rule. The Holy Roman emperors ennobled persons who exercised power precisely because, in the premodern social order, the exercise of power was a prerogative of the nobility. However, the newly ennobled had only their title in common with the old aristocratic families and rarely attained the other privileges enjoyed by these families. For this reason, the emperors’ practice of ennoblement gradually reshaped the nobility as a whole and simultaneously the ideological notion of nobility. Certainly, ennoblement still served a strategic purpose in the context of social advancement. Particularly for civil servants and military officers, it was the most effective means of preserving their newly acquired status for their descendants and possibly establishing their families in a new bureaucratic and military hereditary elite, which in some places coexisted with the old aristocracy. The central element of the new ideological concept was the notion of the nobility as a hereditary ruling class, both qualified for and entitled to the exercise of power on account of inherited superiority.
Once Bitten, Twice Shy? Investment Disputes, State Sovereignty, and Change in Treaty Design
Authors: Thompson Alexander , Broude Tomer , Haftel Yoram Z.
Published: September 2019

More than 3,000 international investment agreements (IIAs) provide foreign investors with substantive protections in host states and access to binding investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). In recent years, states increasingly have sought to change their treaty commitments through the practices of renegotiation and termination, so far affecting about 300 IIAs. The received wisdom is that this development reflects a “backlash” against the regime and an attempt by governments to reclaim sovereignty, consistent with broader antiglobalization trends. Using new data on the degree to which IIA provisions restrict state regulatory space (SRS), we provide the first systematic investigation into the effect of ISDS experiences on state decisions to adjust their treaties. The empirical analysis indicates that exposure to investment claims leads either to the renegotiation of IIAs in the direction of greater SRS or to their termination. This effect varies, however, with the nature of involvement in ISDS and with respect to different treaty provisions.
AGU Releases Report to Address Flooding in Communities
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: September 2019

The Surging Waters report shows how science empowers us to mitigate the impacts on people and property in communities around the United States.
A day in the life of mitochondria reveals shifting workloads
Authors: Weinrich Tobias W. , Kam Jaimie Hoh , Ferrara Bill T. , Thompson Elinor P. , Mitrofanis John , Jeffery Glen
Published: September 2019

Mitochondria provide energy for cellular function. We examine daily changing patterns of mitochondrial function and metabolism in Drosophila in vivo in terms of their complex (I-IV) activity, ATP production, glycolysis, and whole fly respiration in the morning, afternoon and night. Complex activity and respiration showed significant and unexpected variation, peaking in the afternoon. However, ATP levels by contrast are >40% greater in the morning and lowest at night when glycolysis peaks. Complex activity modulation was at the protein level with no evidence for differential transcription over the day. Timing differences between increased ATP production and peaks of complex activity may result from more efficient ATP production early in the day leaving complex activity with spare capacity. Optical stimulation of mitochondria is only possible in the mornings when there is such spare capacity. These results provide first evidence of shifts in cellular energy capacity at the organism level. Understanding their translation may be significant to the chosen timing of energy demanding interventions to improve function and health.
Author Correction: Impaired activation of lesional CD8+ T-cells is associated with enhanced expression of Programmed Death-1 in Indian Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Mukherjee Shibabrata , Sengupta Ritika , Mukhopadhyay Debanjan , Braun Claudia , Mitra Sneha , Roy Susmita , Das Nilay Kanti , Chatterjee Uttara , von Stebut Esther , Chatterjee Mitali
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Equatorial Pacific seawater pCO2 variability since the last glacial period
Authors: Kubota Kaoru , Yokoyama Yusuke , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Sagawa Takuya , Ikehara Minoru , Yamazaki Toshitsugu
Published: September 2019

The ocean may have played a central role in the atmospheric pCO2 rise during the last deglaciation. However, evidence on where carbon was exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere in this period is still lacking, hampering our understanding of global carbon cycle on glacial–interglacial timescales. Here we report a new surface seawater pCO2 reconstruction for the western equatorial Pacific Ocean based on boron isotope analysis—a seawater pCO2 proxy—using two species of near-surface dwelling foraminifera from the same marine sediment core. The results indicate that the region remained a modest CO2 sink throughout the last deglaciation.
A mutation in the methionine aminopeptidase gene provides phage resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Labrie Simon J. , Mosterd Cas , Loignon Stéphanie , Dupuis Marie-Ève , Desjardins Philippe , Rousseau Geneviève M. , Tremblay Denise M. , Romero Dennis A. , Horvath Philippe , Fremaux Christophe , Moineau Sylvain
Published: September 2019

Streptococcus thermophilus is a lactic acid bacterium widely used by the dairy industry for the manufacture of yogurt and specialty cheeses. It is also a Gram-positive bacterial model to study phage-host interactions. CRISPR-Cas systems are one of the most prevalent phage resistance mechanisms in S. thermophilus. Little information is available about other host factors involved in phage replication in this food-grade streptococcal species. We used the model strain S. thermophilus SMQ-301 and its virulent phage DT1, harboring the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIA6, to show that a host gene coding for a methionine aminopeptidase (metAP) is necessary for phage DT1 to complete its lytic cycle. A single mutation in metAP provides S. thermophilus SMQ-301 with strong resistance against phage DT1. The mutation impedes a late step of the lytic cycle since phage adsorption, DNA replication, and protein expression were not affected. When the mutated strain was complemented with the wild-type version of the gene, the phage sensitivity phenotype was restored. When this mutation was introduced into other S. thermophilus strains it provided resistance against cos-type (Sfi21dt1virus genus) phages but replication of pac-type (Sfi11virus genus) phages was not affected. The mutation in the gene coding for the MetAP induces amino acid change in a catalytic domain conserved across many bacterial species. Introducing the same mutation in Streptococcus mutans also provided a phage resistance phenotype, suggesting the wide-ranging importance of the host methionine aminopeptidase in phage replication.
Over-expression of miR-34c leads to early-life visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance
Authors: Jones Philip H. , Deng Brian , Winkler Jessica , Zirnheld Arin L. , Ehringer Sarah , Shetty Vikranth , Cox Matthew , Nguyen Huy , Shen Wen-Jun , Huang Ting-Ting , Wang Eugenia
Published: September 2019

Overweight children and adolescents are at high risk for adult and late life obesity. This report investigates some underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity during early life in an animal model. We generated a strain of transgenic mice, cU2, overexpressing human microRNA 34c, a microRNA functionally implicated in adipogenesis. Male and female cU2 mice exhibit significant weight gain, accompanied by marked increase in abdominal fat mass and metabolic abnormalities, including reduction of both glucose clearance rate and insulin sensitivity, as early as two months of age. Adipogenesis derailment at this early age is suggested by decreased expression of adiponectin, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene, and the adiponectin receptor R1, coupled with a reduction of the brown fat biomarker PAT2 and the adipogenesis inhibitor SIRT1. Notably, adiponectin is an important adipokine and an essential regulator of glucose and fatty acid homeostasis. cU2 mice may provide a crucial animal model for investigating the role of miR-34c in early onset insulin resistance and visceral fat mass increase, contributing to accelerated body weight gain and metabolic disorders. Intervention in this dysregulation may open a new preventive strategy to control early-life weight gain and abnormal insulin resistance, and thus prevalent adult and late life obesity.
Network-based method for drug target discovery at the isoform level
Authors: Ma Jun , Wang Jenny , Ghoraie Laleh Soltan , Men Xin , Liu Linna , Dai Penggao
Published: September 2019

Identification of primary targets associated with phenotypes can facilitate exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms of compounds and optimization of the structures of promising drugs. However, the literature reports limited effort to identify the target major isoform of a single known target gene. The majority of genes generate multiple transcripts that are translated into proteins that may carry out distinct and even opposing biological functions through alternative splicing. In addition, isoform expression is dynamic and varies depending on the developmental stage and cell type. To identify target major isoforms, we integrated a breast cancer type-specific isoform coexpression network with gene perturbation signatures in the MCF7 cell line in the Connectivity Map database using the ‘shortest path’ drug target prioritization method. We used a leukemia cancer network and differential expression data for drugs in the HL-60 cell line to test the robustness of the detection algorithm for target major isoforms. We further analyzed the properties of target major isoforms for each multi-isoform gene using pharmacogenomic datasets, proteomic data and the principal isoforms defined by the APPRIS and STRING datasets. Then, we tested our predictions for the most promising target major protein isoforms of DNMT1, MGEA5 and P4HB4 based on expression data and topological features in the coexpression network. Interestingly, these isoforms are not annotated as principal isoforms in APPRIS. Lastly, we tested the affinity of the target major isoform of MGEA5 for streptozocin through in silico docking. Our findings will pave the way for more effective and targeted therapies via studies of drug targets at the isoform level.
Alternating Differentiation and Dedifferentiation between Mature Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
Authors: Sawa Naruhiko , Fujimoto Hiroki , Sawa Yoshihiko , Yamashita Junro
Published: September 2019

Osteocytes are terminally differentiated osteoblasts embedded in the bone matrix. Evidence indicates that cells in the mesenchymal lineage possess plasticity. However, whether or not osteocytes have the capacity to dedifferentiate back into osteoblasts is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the dedifferentiation potential of osteocytes. Mouse calvarial osteoblasts were isolated and maintained in normal two-dimensional (2D) or collagen gel three-dimensional (3D) cultures. In 2D cultures, osteoblasts exhibited a typical fibroblast-like shape with high Alpl and minimal Sost, Fgf23, and Dmp1 expression and osteoblasts formed mineralised nodules. When these osteoblasts were transferred into 3D cultures, they showed a stellate shape with diminished cytoplasm and numerous long processes and expression of Alpl decreased while Sost, Fgf23, and Dmp1 were significantly increased. These cells were in cell cycle arrest and showed suppressed mineralisation, indicating that they were osteocytes. When these osteocytes were recovered from 3D cultures and cultured two-dimensionally again, they regained adequate cytoplasm and lost the long processes, resulting in a fibroblast-like shape. These cells showed high Alpl and low Sost, Fgf23, and Dmp1 expression with a high mineralisation capability, indicating that they were osteoblasts. This report shows that osteocytes possess the capacity to dedifferentiate back into mature osteoblasts without gene manipulation.
Emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from typical dairy barns in central China and major factors influencing the emissions
Authors: Shi Zhifang , Sun Xiaoqin , Lu Yao , Xi Lei , Zhao Xin
Published: September 2019

There are few studies on the concentrations and emission characteristics of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from Chinese dairy farms. The purpose of this study was to calculate the emission rates of NH3 and H2S during summer and to investigate influencing factors for NH3 and H2S emissions from typical dairy barns in central China. Eleven dairy barns with open walls and double-slope bell tower roofs from three dairy farms were studied. Five different locations in each barn were sampled both near the floor and at 1.5 m above the floor. Concentrations of NH3 and H2S were measured using the Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometry method and the methylene blue spectrophotometric method, respectively. NH3 concentrations varied between 0.58 and 4.76 mg/m3 with the average of 1.54 mg/m3, while H2S concentrations ranged from 0.024 to 0.151 mg/m3 with the average of 0.092 mg/m3. The concentrations of NH3 and H2S were higher during the day than at night, and were higher near the ground than at the height of 1.5 m, and were higher in the manure area than in other areas. NH3 and H2S concentrations in the barns were significantly correlated with nitrogen and sulfur contents in feed and manure (P < 0.05), and with temperature inside the barns (P < 0.05). Calculated emission rates of NH3 ranged from 13.8 to 41.3 g NH3/(AU·d), while calculated emission rates of H2S ranged from 0.15 to 0.46 g H2S/(AU·d). These results will serve as a starting point for a national inventory of NH3 and H2S for the Chinese dairy industry.
TaAPO-A1, an ortholog of rice ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1, is associated with total spikelet number per spike in elite European hexaploid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties
Authors: Muqaddasi Quddoos H. , Brassac Jonathan , Koppolu Ravi , Plieske Jörg , Ganal Martin W. , Röder Marion S.
Published: September 2019

We dissected the genetic basis of total spikelet number (TSN) along with other traits, viz. spike length (SL) and flowering time (FT) in a panel of 518 elite European winter wheat varieties. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on 39,908 SNP markers revealed highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for TSN on chromosomes 2D, 7A, and 7B, for SL on 5A, and FT on 2D, with 2D-QTL being the functional marker for the gene Ppd-D1. The physical region of the 7A-QTL for TSN revealed the presence of a wheat ortholog (TaAPO-A1) to APO1–a rice gene that positively controls the spikelet number on the panicles. Interspecific analyses of the TaAPO-A1 orthologs showed that it is a highly conserved gene important for floral development and present in a wide range of terrestrial plants. Intraspecific studies of the TaAPO-A1 across wheat genotypes revealed a polymorphism in the conserved F-box domain, defining two haplotypes. A KASP marker developed on the polymorphic site showed a highly significant association of TaAPO-A1 with TSN, explaining 23.2% of the total genotypic variance. Also, the TaAPO-A1 alleles showed weak but significant differences for SL and grain yield. Our results demonstrate the importance of wheat sequence resources to identify candidate genes for important traits based on genetic analyses.
Distribution of local ancestry and evidence of adaptation in admixed populations
Authors: Secolin Rodrigo , Mas-Sandoval Alex , Arauna Lara R. , Torres Fábio R. , de Araujo Tânia K. , Santos Marilza L. , Rocha Cristiane S. , Carvalho Benilton S. , Cendes Fernando , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Comas David
Published: September 2019

Admixed American populations have different global proportions of European, Sub-Saharan African, and Native-American ancestry. However, individuals who display the same global ancestry could exhibit remarkable differences in the distribution of local ancestry blocks. We studied for the first time the distribution of local ancestry across the genome of 264 Brazilian admixed individuals, ascertained within the scope of the Brazilian Initiative on Precision Medicine. We found a decreased proportion of European ancestry together with an excess of Native-American ancestry on chromosome 8p23.1 and showed that this is due to haplotypes created by chromosomal inversion events. Furthermore, Brazilian non-inverted haplotypes were more similar to Native-American haplotypes than to European haplotypes, in contrast to what was found in other American admixed populations. We also identified signals of recent positive selection on chromosome 8p23.1, and one gene within this locus, PPP1R3B, is related to glycogenesis and has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. These findings point to a selection event after admixture, which is still not entirely understood in recent admixture events.
Neuroprotective activation of astrocytes by methylmercury exposure in the inferior colliculus
Authors: Ishihara Yasuhiro , Itoh Kouichi , Oguro Ami , Chiba Yoichi , Ueno Masaki , Tsuji Mayumi , Vogel Christoph F. A. , Yamazaki Takeshi
Published: September 2019

Methylmercury (MeHg) is well known to induce auditory disorders such as dysarthria. When we performed a global analysis on the brains of mice exposed to MeHg by magnetic resonance imaging, an increase in the T1 signal in the inferior colliculus (IC), which is localized in the auditory pathway, was observed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the pathophysiology and auditory dysfunction induced by MeHg, focusing on the IC. Measurement of the auditory brainstem response revealed increases in latency and decreases in threshold in the IC of mice exposed to MeHg for 4 weeks compared with vehicle mice. Incoordination in MeHg-exposed mice was noted after 6 weeks of exposure, indicating that IC dysfunction occurs earlier than incoordination. There was no change in the number of neurons or microglial activity, while the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker for astrocytic activity, was elevated in the IC of MeHg-exposed mice after 4 weeks of exposure, indicating that astrogliosis occurs in the IC. Suppression of astrogliosis by treatment with fluorocitrate exacerbated the latency and threshold in the IC evaluated by the auditory brainstem response. Therefore, astrocytes in the IC are considered to play a protective role in the auditory pathway. Astrocytes exposed to MeHg increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the IC, suggesting that astrocytic brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a potent protectant in the IC. This study showed that astrogliosis in the IC could be an adaptive response to MeHg toxicity. The overall toxicity of MeHg might be determined on the basis of the balance between MeHg-mediated injury to neurons and protective responses from astrocytes.
Temporal processing of past and future autobiographical events in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ben Malek Hédi , D’Argembeau Arnaud , Allé Mélissa C. , Meyer Nicolas , Danion Jean-Marie , Berna Fabrice
Published: September 2019

People with schizophrenia experience difficulties in remembering their past and envisioning their future. However, while alterations of event representation are well documented, little is known about how personal events are located and ordered in time. Using a think-aloud procedure, we investigated which strategies are used to determine the times of past and future events in 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 control participants. We found that the direct access to temporal information of important events was preserved in patients with schizophrenia. However, when events were not directly located in time, patients less frequently used a combination of strategies and partly relied on different strategies to reconstruct or infer the times of past and future events. In particular, they used temporal landmark events and contextual details (e.g., about places, persons, or weather conditions) less frequently than controls to locate events in time. Furthermore, patients made more errors when they were asked to determine the temporal order of the past and future events that had been previously dated. Together, these findings shed new light on the mechanisms involved in locating and ordering personal events in past and future times and their alteration in schizophrenia.
Role of NF-kappaB2-p100 in regulatory T cell homeostasis and activation
Authors: Dhar Atika , Chawla Meenakshi , Chattopadhyay Somdeb , Oswal Neelam , Umar Danish , Gupta Suman , Bal Vineeta , Rath Satyajit , George Anna , Arimbasseri G. Aneeshkumar , Basak Soumen
Published: September 2019

The immunological roles of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway are mediated via the canonical components in immune responses and via non-canonical components in immune organogenesis and homeostasis, although the two components are capable of crosstalk. Regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) are homeostatically functional and represent an interesting potential meeting point of these two NF-κB components. We show that mice deficient in the non-canonical NF-κB component geneNfkb2(p100) had normal thymic development and suppressive function of Tregs. However, they had enhanced frequencies of peripheral ‘effector-phenotype’ Tregs (eTregs). In bi-parental chimeras of wild-type (WT) andNfkb2−/− mice, theNfkb2−/− genotype was over-represented in Tregs, with a further increase in the relative prominence of eTregs. Consistent with distinct properties of eTregs, theNfkb2−/− genotype was more prominent in Tregs in extra-lymphoid tissues such as liver in the bi-parental chimeras. TheNfkb2−/− Tregs also displayed greater survival, activation and proliferationin vivo. TheseNfkb2−/− Tregs showed higher nuclear NF-κB activity mainly comprising of RelB-containing dimers, in contrast to the prominence of cRel- and RelA-containing dimers in WT Tregs. Since p100 is an inhibitor of RelB activation as well as a participant as cleaved p52 in RelB nuclear activity, we tested bi-parental chimeras of WT andRelb−/− mice, and found normal frequencies ofRelb−/− Tregs and eTregs in these chimeric mice. Our findings confirm and extend recent data, and indicate that p100 normally restrains RelB-mediated Treg activation, and in the absence of p100, p50-RelB dimers can contribute to Treg activation.
Development of a qPCR platform for quantification of the five bacteriophages within bacteriophage cocktail 2 (BFC2)
Authors: Duyvejonck Hans , Merabishvili Maya , Pirnay Jean-Paul , De Vos Daniel , Verbeken Gilbert , Van Belleghem Jonas , Gryp Tessa , De Leenheer Julie , Van der Borght Kelly , Van Simaey Leen , Vermeulen Stefan , Van Mechelen Els , Vaneechoutte Mario
Published: September 2019

To determine phage titers accurately, reproducibly and in a non-laborious and cost-effective manner, we describe the development of a qPCR platform for molecular quantification of five phages present in bacteriophage cocktail 2 (BFC2). We compared the performance of this molecular approach, with regard to quantification and reproducibility, with the standard culture-based double agar overlay method (DAO). We demonstrated that quantification of each of the five phages in BFC2 was possible by means of qPCR, without prior DNA extraction, but yields were significantly higher in comparison to DAO. Although DAO is assumed to provide an indication of the number of infective phage particles, whereas qPCR only provides information on the number of phage genomes, the difference in yield (qPCR/DAO ratio) was observed to be phage-dependent and appeared rather constant for all phages when analyzing different (freshly prepared) stocks of these phages. While DAO is necessary to determine sensitivity of clinical strains against phages in clinical applications, qPCR might be a valid alternative for rapid and reproducible quantification of freshly prepared stocks, after initial establishment of a correction factor towards DAO.
Online division of labour: emergent structures in Open Source Software
Authors: Palazzi María J. , Cabot Jordi , Cánovas Izquierdo Javier Luis , Solé-Ribalta Albert , Borge-Holthoefer Javier
Published: September 2019

The development Open Source Software fundamentally depends on the participation and commitment of volunteer developers to progress on a particular task. Several works have presented strategies to increase the on-boarding and engagement of new contributors, but little is known on how these diverse groups of developers self-organise to work together. To understand this, one must consider that, on one hand, platforms like GitHub provide a virtually unlimited development framework: any number of actors can potentially join to contribute in a decentralised, distributed, remote, and asynchronous manner. On the other, however, it seems reasonable that some sort of hierarchy and division of labour must be in place to meet human biological and cognitive limits, and also to achieve some level of efficiency. These latter features (hierarchy and division of labour) should translate into detectable structural arrangements when projects are represented as developer-file bipartite networks. Thus, in this paper we analyse a set of popular open source projects from GitHub, placing the accent on three key properties: nestedness, modularity and in-block nestedness –which typify the emergence of heterogeneities among contributors, the emergence of subgroups of developers working on specific subgroups of files, and a mixture of the two previous, respectively. These analyses show that indeed projects evolve into internally organised blocks. Furthermore, the distribution of sizes of such blocks is bounded, connecting our results to the celebrated Dunbar number both in off- and on-line environments. Our conclusions create a link between bio-cognitive constraints, group formation and online working environments, opening up a rich scenario for future research on (online) work team assembly (e.g. size, composition, and formation). From a complex network perspective, our results pave the way for the study of time-resolved datasets, and the design of suitable models that can mimic the growth and evolution of OSS projects.
Photoinduced possible superconducting state with long-lived disproportionate band filling in FeSe
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Someya Takashi , Hashimoto Takahiro , Michimae Shoya , Watanabe Mari , Fujisawa Masami , Kanai Teruto , Ishii Nobuhisa , Itatani Jiro , Kasahara Shigeru , Matsuda Yuji , Shibauchi Takasada , Okazaki Kozo , Shin Shik
Published: September 2019

Photoexcitation is a very powerful way to instantaneously drive a material into a novel quantum state without any fabrication, and variable ultrafast techniques have been developed to observe how electron, lattice, and spin degrees of freedom change. One of the most spectacular phenomena is photoinduced superconductivity, and it has been suggested in cuprates that the transition temperature Tc can be enhanced from the original Tc with significant lattice modulations. Here, we show a possibility for another photoinduced high-Tc superconducting state in the iron-based superconductor FeSe. The transient electronic state over the entire Brillouin zone is directly observed by time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using extreme ultraviolet pulses obtained from high harmonic generation. Our results of dynamical behaviors from 50 fs to 800 ps consistently support the favourable superconducting state after photoexcitation well above Tc. This finding demonstrates that multiband iron-based superconductors emerge as an alternative candidate for photoinduced superconductors.
Correction: Significance of hydrogen bonding networks in the proton-coupled electron transfer reactions of photosystem II from a quantum-mechanics perspective
Authors: Chai Jun , Zheng Zhaoyang , Pan Hui , Zhang Shengbai , Lakshmi K. V. , Sun Yi-Yang
Published: September 2019

Correction for ‘Significance of hydrogen bonding networks in the proton-coupled electron transfer reactions of photosystem II from a quantum-mechanics perspective’ by Jun Chai et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 8721–8728.
The influence of acylation, metal binding and natural antioxidants on the thermal stability of red cabbage anthocyanins in neutral solution
Authors: Fenger Julie-Anne , Moloney Micheal , Robbins Rebecca J. , Collins Thomas M. , Dangles Olivier
Published: September 2019

For diacylated anthocyanins, π-stacking (vertical) interactions + (horizontal) metal binding modulate color and greatly enhance its stability in neutral solution
Advances in the application of high pressure in carbon dots
Authors: Geng Ting , Liu Cui , Xiao Guanjun , Lu Siyu , Zou Bo
Published: September 2019

The great accomplishments were achieved under high pressure, including piezochromic luminescence, capturing high pressure phase, and pressure-triggered aggregation-induced emission enhancement.
LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 inhibits renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating the miR-217/MAFB axis
Authors: Song Yan , Miao Chunxia , Wang Jianwen
Published: September 2019

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common chronic microvascular complication of diabetes, characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.
Assembly with copper(ii) ions and D–π–A molecules on a graphene surface for ultra-fast acetic acid sensing at room temperature
Authors: Gong Yelei , Li Hao , Pei Wenle , Fan Jincheng , Umar Ahmad , Al-Assiri M. S. , Wang Yao , Frans de Rooij Nicolaas , Zhou Guofu
Published: September 2019

The as-prepared 4HQ-rGO/Cu2+ sensor possessed a high response, outstanding selectivity and fast response-recovery characteristic, which was mainly attributed to the supramolecularly assemble of 4-hydroxyquinoline, and Cu2+ with graphene nanosheets.
Enhanced perovskite crystallization by the polyvinylpyrrolidone additive for high efficiency solar cells
Authors: Yan Jin , Li Nan , Ai Yuqian , Wang Zenggui , Yang Weichuang , Zhao Min , Shou Chunhui , Yan Baojie , Sheng Jiang , Ye Jichun
Published: September 2019

The role of additive during the perovskite formation: the PVP with carbonyl delays the transition of perovskite film from the δ-phase to α-phase, which slows down the crystallization process.
Streptavidin activated hydroxyl radicals enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of membrane-bound like CaMoO4:Eu3+ hybrid structures
Authors: Pavitra Eluri , Rama Raju Ganji Seeta , Ghoreishian Seyed Majid , Bharat L. Krishna , Dugasani Sreekantha Reddy , Park Jin Young , Park Sung Ha , Yu Jae Su , Han Young-Kyu , Huh Yun Suk
Published: September 2019

Protein–inorganic hybrid CaMoO4:Eu3+ microstructures were unveiled as an efficient photocatalyst for water purification.
Boosting the performance of the Fe–N–C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction by introducing single-walled carbon nanohorns as branches on carbon fibers
Authors: Zhang Jianshuo , Liu Yang , Yu Zhoubin , Huang Meihua , Wu Chuxin , Jin Chuanhong , Guan Lunhui
Published: September 2019

Nanohorns are embedded in the porous carbon layers, creating an open-frame carbon structure for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction.
Electrostatic potential dispersing pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile acceptor for high efficiency and long lifetime thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jang Ji Seon , Lee Ha Lim , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: September 2019

Pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile was developed as an electrostatic potential managing and strong acceptor moiety of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters for high efficiency and long lifetime in devices.
Scheduling of irrigation with mulch under different sugarcane planting methods
Authors: Puttavenkategowda Thimmegowda , Nagaraja T. E.
Published: September 2019

A filed experiment was conducted at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya to enhance the crop and water productivity in sugarcane during 2017-18 and 2018-19. The design used was strip plot design with planting methods as a horizontal factor and irrigation scheduling as a vertical factor with three replications. Among the planting methods, 120 cm row spaced furrow planting with dhaincha green manure sowing at 30 DAP and mulching at 75 DAP recorded significantly higher cane yield (158.5 and 161.0 t/ha, respectively) as compared to others during both the years of experimentation. Among the irrigation schedules, IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 recorded significantly higher yield (168.1 and 170.8 t/ha, respectively) as compared to IW/CPE ratio of 0.60 (129.7 and 131.8 t/ha, respectively). The total water used was significantly lower in 120 cm spaced furrow planting with alternate skip furrow irrigation afte5r earthing + green manure mulching (1773 and 1751 mm, respectively) and it saved 16% of irrigation water. Scheduling of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 consumed lowest amount of irrigation water (1725 mm) and saved 18% of irrigation water.
Dynamic behaviors of cylindrical shells with geometric imperfection
Authors: Jia J F , Lai A D , Rong D L , Zhou Z H , Xu X S
Published: September 2019

For finding out the relationship between vibrational modes and geometric imperfections, the dynamic behavior of cylindrical shells with a local imperfection is analyzed by using numerical simulation of finite element method in this paper. The results show that there are some differences in vibrational modes between cylindrical shells with and without imperfections. They appear that main corrugation of the mode of the higher orders for the shell with a local imperfection can be fastened on the region of the imperfection but the low order ones. The results also show that the vibrational modes of shells depend upon the size, shape and location of the imperfections. The local vibrational modes are discovered and are more obvious for the imperfection of the larger size. These results are helpful to the design of engineering structures.
Distributing Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Load to Fem Nodes
Authors: Weimin Sun
Published: September 2019

Aiming at the requirement of the load conversion in aeronautics and astronautics static strength analysis, a three-dimensional aerodynamic load equivalent distribution method based on least squares is proposed. Based on the principle of the closest distance, the corresponding relationship between the aerodynamic node and the finite element node is established to ensure that each finite element node has its corresponding aerodynamic node. Under the requirement of minimizing the variance of load obtained by each node allocation, the least squares algorithm is used to obtain the results of the load conversion. Through an engineering example of aerodynamic distribution, it is verified that the method presented in this paper not only has high accuracy but also can ensure the uniformity of load distribution before and after load distribution.
Pembrolizumab beim fortgeschrittenen Magenkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2019

In der KEYNOTE-059-Studie zeigte Pembrolizumab beim fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinom des Magens und des gastroösophagealen Übergangs eine gute Wirksamkeit und eine akzeptable Verträglichkeit. In die daraufhin durchgeführte dreiarmige Phase-III-Studie KEYNOTE-062 wurden 763 Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittener, nicht resezierbarer oder metastasierter Erkrankung und HER2-negativer, PD-L1-positiver Histologie (CPS ≥ 1) eingeschlossen. Die Patienten erhielten entweder Pembrolizumab oder Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapie (Cisplatin + 5-FU oder Capecitabin) oder Placebo plus Chemotherapie. Primäre Endpunkte waren das Gesamtüberleben (OS) und das progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS).
A novel method for time-resolved measurement of magnetization dynamics induced by femtosecond laser pulse in highly absorbing and metallic layer coated thin films based on a magnetic loop antenna
Authors: Ilit’ Tomáš , Valko Pavol , Sitek Jozef , Novák Patrik , Držík Milan , Senderáková Dagmar , Ušáková Mariana , Marton Marian , Behúl Miroslav , Tomáška Martin , Potočný Miroslav , Vojs Marian
Published: September 2019

Femtosecond laser-induced magnetization dynamics is a popular research topic, due to its potential applications in fast magnetic storage devices and the field of spintronics. In the article we present a novel technique for time-resolved measurement of femtosecond laser-induced magnetization dynamics, based on inductive sensing by a loop antenna. It allows performing investigation of magnetization dynamics in highly absorbing samples, samples with patterned surfaces and samples coated by a thin metallic layer, which are difficult to study using optical techniques. To test the technique, both thick and thin films made of highly absorbing and diffusing materials, were used. Results of tests for several ferromagnetic materials including Gadolinium are discussed in the article. The test results prove that the method provides a simple tool to observe and study magnetization dynamics phenomena in the vicinity of the materials’ Curie temperature.
Determination of the volume fraction in (water-gasoil-air) multiphase flows using a simple and low-cost technique: Artificial neural networks
Authors: Islami rad S. Z. , Gholipour Peyvandi R. , Sadrzadeh S.
Published: September 2019

The precise prediction of the volume fraction in three-phase flows plays an important role in the petroleum and process industries. In this study, attenuation gamma rays (single pencil beam) and multilayer perceptron neural networks were used to precisely predict the volume fraction percentage in water-gasoil-air three-phase flows. The detection system uses just one 137Cs source (single energy of 662 keV) and one NaI(Tl) detector in order to calculate the transmitted beams. The experimental setup was simulated using the MCNPX code to provide the required data for the neural network. The volume fraction percentage was measured with a root mean square error of 2.48 and a mean relative error percentage of less than 7.08%. The proposed setup is the best and simplest design for reducing radiation hazards and cost.
Dislocation tolerance in InAs quantum dots determined by operating temperature
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: September 2019

Researchers show that carrier recombination at dislocations is a strong function of temperature in epitaxial InAs quantum dots on silicon.
New proof explores electric and magnetic fields in molecules
Authors: Kish Stacy W.
Published: September 2019

Researcher develops a unique approach to prove continuity equations for current and charge densities induced by static magnetic field and monochromatic plane waves in diamagnetic atoms and molecules.
Diversification in trophic morphology and a mating signal are coupled in the early stages of sympatric divergence in crossbills
Authors: Porter Cody K , Smith Julie W
Published: September 2019

Understanding the mechanisms generating diversity in mating signals is critical to understanding the process of speciation. One mechanism of mating signal diversification occurs when phenotypes that experience divergent ecological selection also affect the production of mating signals, resulting in a coupling between ecological diversification and mating signal diversification. Here, we present evidence that rapid diversification in bill size has resulted in the diversification of some components of song structure in a young adaptive radiation of seed-eating finches (red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra complex). Specifically, we find that larger-billed ecotypes sing songs with lower minimum frequencies, lower syllable repetition rates and greater vocal deviation (i.e. lower performance) than smaller-billed ecotypes for pure tonal syllables. In contrast, bill size was not correlated with maximum frequency or frequency bandwidth, and we found no relationship between bill size and any song parameters in buzzy syllables. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a relationship between the degree of bill size divergence and the potential for song discrimination between sympatric ecotypes. Because bill size is correlated with some features of pure tonal syllables (which appear to be most important for courtship in crossbills) in crossbill song, our results suggest that there was an early-evolving link between ecological and mating signal diversification that may have influenced the rapid evolution of reproductive isolation between sympatric ecotypes.
Antiplatelet Therapy in Flow Diversion
Authors: Tonetti Daniel A , Jankowitz Brian T , Gross Bradley A
Published: September 2019

Dual antiplatelet therapy is typically employed as a means to mitigate thromboembolic complications after deployment of flow diverters, most commonly consisting of aspirin with either clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor. Recent studies have demonstrated at least similar efficacy for ticagrelor as compared to clopidogrel in the form of periprocedural complications and angiographic results. Though controversial, systematic reviews of platelet function assay usage have demonstrated greater rates of thrombotic complications in antiplatelet hyporesponders and greater rates of hemorrhagic complications in hyperresponders. Though in its infancy, the management of antiplatelet therapy for acutely ruptured aneurysms treated with flow diversion is not yet standardized, with approaches including intravenous glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors and subsequent antiplatelet loading vs antiplatelet loading, response assessment, and subsequent treatment.
Maritime Archaeology of the Ancient Mediterranean
Authors: Leidwanger Justin , Greene Elizabeth S.
Published: September 2019

Maritime archaeology of the classical world explores the traders, travelers, pirates, fishermen, and warriors who sailed the ancient Mediterranean and its adjacent waters. Within the Greco-Roman Mediterranean, the sea and the distinctive opportunities it afforded for communication and interaction feature centrally to narratives of human development. Evidence for the socioeconomic world of seafaring comes not only from archaeological analysis of coastal and submerged sites, but also from literary and iconographic depictions of vessels, seafaring practices, and maritime life more broadly. From a methodological perspective, maritime archaeology involves survey and excavation both underwater and along the shore, focusing on shipwrecks, ports and harbors, inundated landscapes, as well as formerly submerged but now silted sites. These explorations require the adoption and adaptation of traditional archaeological practices alongside methods that borrow from the marine sciences. Maritime archaeology took hold early in the Mediterranean, where it owes its roots to the scientific exploration of ancient ships and harbors as some of the most sophisticated technologies among premodern societies. After more than a half century of focused explorations and detailed analyses, scholars have outlined diachronic development and regional patterns of Mediterranean shipbuilding techniques and seafaring practices. At the same time, survey work in recent decades has rapidly increased the bulk dataset while bringing new shores and deeper waters into the evolving picture of maritime connections. The vast numbers of shipwrecks recorded to date reveal long-term trends across the entire Mediterranean world; the prevalence of sunken merchant cargos and diverse ports allows increasingly sophisticated approaches to this data as a source for big-picture social and economic history. Along with the reconstruction of trade routes, networks of interaction and dynamic maritime landscapes have earned important places in this ongoing research. Increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches that engage with earth sciences (geoarchaeology, oceanography, etc.) and social sciences (network science, economic theory, etc.) brings new tools for understanding an environmental and institutional context of the structure, scale, and drivers behind seaborne mobility and interaction. All the while, the intensely studied material remains of ventures lost at sea continue to offer unparalleled glimpses into the personal lives of the diverse individuals who integrated this ancient Mediterranean world through the goods, news, ideas, and values they carried from port to port.