bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difficult but Valuable! Learning in Student-centered Assessment Feedback Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Minna Maunumäki , Minna Maunula , Heidi Harju-Luukkainen
Published: October 2022

Aims: The aim of this study is to fill a gap in research on students' experiences of learning in student-centered assessment feedback practices. The article examines what students tell us about their learning in the context of student-centered feedback practices in higher education during online learning.

Study Design: The study was conducted as a qualitative online survey among Finnish university students (N=35). The relationship between learning and assessment was explored in the context of formative and summative assessment practices during an online learning environment. The data was analysed using a discursive approach.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Finland during spring 2021.

Methodology: The scientific and philosophical framework of the study is based on the theory of social constructionism, according to which social reality is formed through language in an interaction between people. The methodology used was discursive reading, i.e., how social reality is discursively produced through language. The starting point was the idea that language creates different discourses or perspectives on reality.

Results: The feedback practices provided a different picture of learning and highlighted different dimensions of learning. Learning was discussed in terms of positive emotions, multiple perspectives, sociality, renewal, and holistic learning. In addition, negative emotions, disinformation, regression, and the playing field metaphor were associated with learning. 

Conclusion: The results show that feedback practices that are presented as student-centered do not necessarily support the learning process of adults. Learning and assessment practices based on pedagogy and a learning theory can best support students' personal and social growth and increase their self-esteem. In online learning, teacher guidance and pedagogically based learning support are emphasized. We argue that in online-learning, where the role of the teacher is often small, student-centered well-intentioned assessment practices can only provide a thin veneer of learning unless students are helped to see the holistic importance of assessment as part of the learning process.
Health Equity for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Johnston Kenton J. , Chin Marshall H. , Pollack Harold A.
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint discusses 3 types of systemic health inequity experienced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities—stigma, exclusion, and devaluation of worth; underrepresentation in population epidemiology and research; and inadequate access to care and social services—and suggests potential approaches to ameliorating inequities in each of these areas.
Pediatric Heart Transplant Waiting List Times in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iguidbashian John , Yoeli Dor , Everitt Melanie D. , Campbell David N. , Mitchell Max B. , Jaggers James , Stone Matthew L.
Published: October 2022

This cohort study investigates the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and waiting list times among pediatric heart transplant recipients in the US.
Survival Benefit of First Single-Organ Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation Compared With Long-term Dialysis Across Ages in Transplant-Eligible Patients With Kidney Failure
Authors: Strohmaier Susanne , Wallisch Christine , Kammer Michael , Geroldinger Angelika , Heinze Georg , Oberbauer Rainer , Haller Maria C.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Kidney transplant is considered beneficial in terms of survival compared with continued dialysis for patients with kidney failure. However, randomized clinical trials are infeasible, and available evidence from cohort studies is at high risk of bias.

Objective

To compare restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) between patients who underwent transplant and patients continuing dialysis across transplant candidate ages and depending on waiting time, applying target trial emulation methods.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this retrospective cohort study, patients aged 18 years or older appearing on the wait list for their first single-organ deceased donor kidney transplant between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018, in Austria were evaluated. Available data were obtained from the Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry and Eurotransplant and included repeated updates on wait-listing status and relevant covariates. Data were analyzed between August 1, 2019, and December 23, 2021.

Exposures

A target trial was emulated in which patients were randomized to either receive the transplant immediately (treatment group) or to continue dialysis and never receive a transplant (control group) at each time an organ became available.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was time from transplant allocation to death. Effect sizes in terms of RMSTs were obtained using a sequential Cox approach.

Results

Among the 4445 included patients (2974 men [66.9%]; mean [SD] age, 52.2 [13.2] years), transplant was associated with increased survival time across all considered ages compared with continuing dialysis and remaining on the wait list within a 10-year follow-up. The estimated RMST differences were 0.57 years (95% CI, –0.14 to 1.84 years) at age 20 years, 3.01 years (95% CI, 2.50 to 3.54 years) at age 60 years, and 2.48 years (95% CI, 1.88 to 3.04 years) at age 70 years. The survival benefit for patients who underwent transplant across ages was independent of waiting time.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that kidney transplant prolongs the survival time of persons with kidney failure across all candidate ages and waiting times.
Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Adults With Severe Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Elsaid Mohamed I. , Li You , Bridges John F. P. , Brock Guy , Minacapelli Carlos D. , Rustgi Vinod K.
Published: October 2022

Importance

There are no approved treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) despite its association with obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective

To examine the association between bariatric surgery and CVD risk in individuals with severe obesity and NAFLD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This large, population-based retrospective cohort study obtained data from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017. Participants included insured adults aged 18 to 64 years with NAFLD and severe obesity (body mass index ≥40) without a history of bariatric surgery or CVD before NAFLD diagnosis. Baseline characteristics were balanced between individuals who underwent surgery (surgical group) and those who did not (nonsurgical group) using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Data were analyzed from March 2020 to April 2021.

Exposures

Bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and other bariatric procedures) vs nonsurgical care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the incidence of cardiovascular events (primary or secondary composite CVD outcomes). The primary composite outcome included myocardial infarction, heart failure, or ischemic stroke, and the secondary composite outcome included secondary ischemic heart events, transient ischemic attack, secondary cerebrovascular events, arterial embolism and thrombosis, or atherosclerosis. Cox proportional hazards regression models with inverse probability treatment weighting were used to examine the associations between bariatric surgery, modeled as time varying, and all outcomes.

Results

The study included 86 964 adults (mean [SD] age, 44.3 [10.9] years; 59 773 women [68.7%]). Of these individuals, 30 300 (34.8%) underwent bariatric surgery and 56 664 (65.2%) received nonsurgical care. All baseline covariates were balanced after applying inverse probability treatment weighting. In the surgical group, 1568 individuals experienced incident cardiovascular events compared with 7215 individuals in the nonsurgical group (incidence rate difference, 4.8 [95% CI, 4.5-5.0] per 100 person-years). At the end of the study, bariatric surgery was associated with a 49% lower risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.48-0.54) compared with nonsurgical care. The risk of primary composite CVD outcomes was reduced by 47% (aHR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.48-0.59), and the risk of secondary composite CVD outcomes decreased by 50% (aHR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.46-0.53) in individuals with vs without surgery.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this study suggest that, compared with nonsurgical care, bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in CVD risk in individuals with severe obesity and NAFLD.
Survival Outcomes After Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Synchronous Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Huynh Linda My , Bonebrake Benjamin T. , Enke Charles , Baine Michael J.
Published: October 2022

This cohort study assesses biochemical progression-free survival among patients receiving radiotherapy for the treatment of synchronous oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Prediction of Epstein-Barr Virus Status in Gastric Cancer Biopsy Specimens Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Vuong Trinh Thi Le , Song Boram , Kwak Jin T. , Kim Kyungeun
Published: October 2022

Importance

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated gastric cancer (EBV-GC) is 1 of 4 molecular subtypes of GC and is confirmed by an expensive molecular test, EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. EBV-GC has 2 histologic characteristics, lymphoid stroma and lace-like tumor pattern, but projecting EBV-GC at biopsy is difficult even for experienced pathologists.

Objective

To develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to predict EBV status from pathology images of GC biopsy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This diagnostic study developed a deep learning classifier to predict EBV-GC using image patches of tissue microarray (TMA) and whole slide images (WSIs) of GC and applied it to GC biopsy specimens from GCs diagnosed at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital between 2011 and 2020. For a quantitative evaluation and EBV-GC prediction on biopsy specimens, the area of each class and the fraction in total tissue or tumor area were calculated. Data were analyzed from March 5, 2021, to February 10, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Evaluation metrics of predictive model performance were assessed on accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and κ coefficient.

Results

This study included 137 184 image patches from 16 TMAs (708 tissue cores), 24 WSIs, and 286 biopsy images of GC. The classifier was able to classify EBV-GC image patches from TMAs and WSIs with 94.70% accuracy, 0.936 recall, 0.938 precision, 0.937 F1 score, and 0.909 κ coefficient. The classifier was used for predicting and measuring the area and fraction of EBV-GC on biopsy tissue specimens. A 10% cutoff value for the predicted fraction of EBV-GC to tissue (EBV-GC/tissue area) produced the best prediction results in EBV-GC biopsy specimens and showed the highest AUC value (0.8723; 95% CI, 0.7560-0.9501). That cutoff also obtained high sensitivity (0.895) and moderate specificity (0.745) compared with experienced pathologist sensitivity (0.842) and specificity (0.854) when using the presence of lymphoid stroma and a lace-like pattern as diagnostic criteria. On prediction maps, EBV-GCs with lace-like pattern and lymphoid stroma showed the same prediction results as EBV-GC, but cases lacking these histologic features revealed heterogeneous prediction results of EBV-GC and non–EBV-GC areas.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study showed the feasibility of EBV-GC prediction using a deep learning algorithm, even in biopsy samples. Use of such an image-based classifier before a confirmatory molecular test will reduce costs and tissue waste.
NAATP releases strategic plan for now through 2025
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

The National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) last month released its strategic plan for service and leadership for the next three years.
Phosphorus Vacancies and Heterojunction Interface as Effective Lithium‐Peroxide Promoter for Long‐Cycle Life Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Yang Tianlun , Xia Yongji , Mao Tianle , Ding Qingwei , Wang Zhenjia , Hong Zheyu , Han Jiajia , Peng Dong‐Liang , Yue Guanghui
Published: October 2022

An electrocatalyst with excellent performance is widely perceived as core materials to solve the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). Vacancy/interfacial engineering can affect reaction intermediate adsorption and catalytic activity by manipulating the local electronic structure, which is key to improving the performance of LOBs. Here, MoO2‐supported Mo3P@Mo nanocomposites with phosphorus vacancy and interfacial contact are facile synthesized and used as the electrocatalyst to control the morphology of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) and to boost the electrochemical performance of LOBs. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with lower overpotential and super long cycling stability, can stably cycle for 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with a round‐trip efficiency close to 100%, and can work for 1370 h with failure at the lower cut‐off of 2 V. The influence of the interface and phosphorus vacancy, and the catalytic mechanism are explained by the result about first‐principles calculations and experimental studies.
Modulating Hydrogen Adsorption via Charge Transfer at the Semiconductor–Metal Heterointerface for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Ding Jie , Li Fuhua , Su Xiaozhi , Zhang Qitao , Guan Guangjian , Hu Fangxin , Zhang Jincheng , Wang Qilun , Jiang Yucheng , Liu Bin , Yang Hong Bin
Published: October 2022

Designing and synthesizing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is important for realizing the hydrogen economy. Tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts is essential to achieve optimal HER activity, and interfacial engineering is an effective strategy to induce electron transfer in a heterostructure interface to optimize HER kinetics. In this study, ultrafine RhP2/Rh nanoparticles are synthesized with a well‐defined semiconductor–metal heterointerface embedded in N,P co‐doped graphene (RhP2/Rh@NPG) via a one‐step pyrolysis. RhP2/Rh@NPG exhibits outstanding HER performances under all pH conditions. Electrochemical characterization and first principles density functional theory calculations reveal that the RhP2/Rh heterointerface induces electron transfer from metallic Rh to semiconductive RhP2, which increases the electron density on the Rh atoms in RhP2 and weakens the hydrogen adsorption on RhP2, thereby accelerating the HER kinetics. Moreover, the interfacial electron transfer activates the dual‐site synergistic effect of Rh and P of RhP2 in neutral and alkaline environments, thereby promoting reorganization of interfacial water molecules for faster HER kinetics.
Enhancing Near Infrared II Emission of Gold Nanoclusters via Encapsulation in Small Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Haye Lucie , Diriwari P. Iyanu , Alhalabi Abdallah , Gallavardin Thibault , Combes Antoine , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Hildebrandt Niko , Le Guével Xavier , Reisch Andreas
Published: October 2022

Reduced scattering and autofluorescence in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) hold the promise of high‐resolution photoluminescence (PL) in vivo imaging at depths well beyond the µm scale. Yet, contrast agents with bright emission in this spectral region remain limited. Ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are of particular interest for NIR‐II PL imaging. However, they exhibit limited brightness. Here, high amounts of NIR‐II emitting AuNCs are encapsulated in small polymer nanoparticles (NPs) made of poly(ethyl methacrylates). Using nanoprecipitation, loadings of up to 50 wt% can be reached, corresponding to over 10 000 AuNCs per 60 nm NP. PL quantum yields up to 1.3% and NP brightnesses up to 3.8 × 106 M−1 cm−1 are accomplished. Increasing inter‐AuNC interactions at higher loading result in a bathochromic shift of the PL emission. According to time‐resolved PL measurements, this can be attributed to distinct inter‐AuNC energy transfer pathways between the core and surface‐centered PL modes. Evaluation of the nanohybrids in tissue‐mimicking models for in vivo blood vessel imaging shows that the ultrabright and red‐shifted NIR‐II PL results in significantly improved detection sensitivity and resolution, which makes AuNC‐loaded polymer NPs highly promising candidates for advanced in vivo imaging.
Tuning Halide Composition Allows Low Dark Current Perovskite Photodetectors With High Specific Detectivity
Authors: Furlan Francesco , Nodari Davide , Palladino Emanuele , Angela Edoardo , Mohan Lokeshwari , Briscoe Joe , Fuchter Matthew J. , Macdonald Thomas J. , Grancini Giulia , McLachlan Martyn A. , Gasparini Nicola
Published: October 2022

Tuning halide composition in perovskites is a powerful approach demonstrated to enhance the performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices where such compositional modifications drive improvements in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and a reduction in nonradiative voltage losses. Similarly, photodetectors (PDs) operate as light to current conversion devices hence it is relevant to investigate whether performance enhancements can be achieved by similar strategies. Herein, perovskite PDs are fabricated with an inverted photodiode configuration based on a MAPb(I1‐xBrx)3 perovskite (MA = methylammonium) active layer over the x = 0–0.25 composition range. Interestingly, it has been found that increasing the Br content up to 0.15 (15%) leads to a significant reduction in dark current (Jd), with values as low as 1.3 × 10−9 A cm−2 being achieved alongside a specific detectivity of 8.7 × 1012 Jones. Significantly, it has been observed an exponential relationship between the Jd of devices and their Voc over the 0–15% Br range. The superior performances of the 15% Br‐containing devices are attributed to the reduction of trap states, a better charge extraction of photogenerated carriers, and an improvement in photoactive layer morphology and crystallinity.
High Performance Solution Processed n‐Type OTFTs through Surface Engineered F–F Interactions Using Asymmetric Silicon Phthalocyanines
Authors: Cranston Rosemary R. , Vebber Mário C. , Faleiro Berbigier Jônatas , Brusso Jaclyn , Kelly Timothy L. , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: October 2022

Two novel asymmetric silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) derivatives consisting of one axially substituted fluorine and one tri‐alkyl silane group are synthesized and characterized in n‐type solution processed bottom‐gate top‐contact organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). The effect of surface energy and fluorination are investigated at the dielectric/semiconductor interface by thin‐film X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, bright field real‐color microscopy, and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering to assess alterations in film conformation, microstructure, and morphology. Low surface energy dielectric modification and the presence of fluorine interactions produce films with large area crystalline domains that promote charge carrier transport resulting in high performing OTFTs, with a clear relationship determined between surface energy, fluorination, and OTFT operation. Through modifying deposition solvent and the exploitation of fluorine–fluorine interactions, the asymmetric SiPc derivative, (tri‐n‐hexylsilyl oxide) fluorosilicon phthalocyanine (F‐3HS‐SiPc), leads to high performing n‐type OTFTs with an average field‐effect mobility of 0.13 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a threshold voltage of 26.3 V. These results successfully demonstrate the use of asymmetric axial fluorination as a route to high performance n‐type OTFT devices through controlled self‐assembly by fluorine–fluorine interactions.
Rejuvenating Propylene Carbonate‐based Electrolyte Through Nonsolvating Interactions for Wide‐Temperature Li‐ions Batteries
Authors: Qin Mingsheng , Liu Mengchuang , Zeng Ziqi , Wu Qiang , Wu Yuanke , Zhang Han , Lei Sheng , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: October 2022

The advancements of lithium‐ion batteries indubitably call for advanced electrolytes with superior environmental adaptability and long‐term stability. Propylene carbonate (PC) proves to be a competitive solvent with the high permittivity and wide‐liquid range, while the application is intrinsically hindered by the poor graphite compatibility and high viscosity. Here, a PC‐based electrolyte with wide‐temperature range is developed by tuning the strength and topology of the Li+‐PC interactions via non‐solvating interactions without altering the solvation structure. Thus, the problem of graphite exfoliation caused by Li+‐PC co‐intercalation can be successfully mitigated. Consequently, such electrolyte shows compatibility with both graphite and high‐nickel cathode, exhibiting an expanded liquid range from −90 to 90 °C. This work, breaking from the traditional EC‐based formula, provides a new strategy for designing PC‐enabled electrolyte featuring high performance, wide‐temperature compatibility, and sustainability
An integrated system of a microreactor with a Taylor–Couette reactor for 2,2′‐dibenzothiazole disulfide synthesis
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Tang Tianyao , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng
Published: October 2022

An integrated microreaction system of a microreactor with a Taylor–Couette reactor (TCR) for continuous synthesis of 2,2′‐dibenzothiazole disulfide has been developed, so as to improve the process efficiency and the stability with solid product generation compared with the current batch process. The homogeneous oxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid was applied. In the microreaction system, two feedstocks can be rapidly mixed through the microreactor; stable particle flow ability and high conversion can be achieved through the TCR, due to the flow characteristics of high shear stress and limited back‐mixing. Under the conditions of stable operation, the conversion can reach over 90%. The purity of the product is over 99%. The space–time yield can reach 160 g L−1 h−1, which is much higher than that in the batch reactor. The microreaction system is stable for long‐term running, which provides an effective design strategy for continuous flow processes with solid generation.
Minimally invasive biomarkers in human and non‐human primate evolutionary biology: Tools for understanding variation and adaptation
Authors: Urlacher Samuel S. , Kim Elizabeth Y. , Luan Tiffany , Young Lauren J. , Adjetey Brian
Published: October 2022

Background

The use of minimally invasive biomarkers (MIBs – physiological biomarkers obtained from minimally invasive sample types) has expanded rapidly in science and medicine over the past several decades. The MIB approach is a methodological strength in the field of human and non‐human primate evolutionary biology (HEB). Among humans and our closest relatives, MIBs provide unique opportunities to document phenotypic variation and to operationalize evolutionary hypotheses.

Aims

This paper overviews the use of MIBs in HEB. Our objectives are to (1) highlight key research topics which successfully implement MIBs, (2) identify promising yet under‐investigated areas of MIB application, and (3) discuss current challenges in MIB research, with suggestions for advancing the field.

Discussion and Conclusions

A range of MIBs are used to investigate focal topics in HEB, including energetics and life history variation/evolution, developmental plasticity, and social status and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, we identify gaps in existing MIB research on traits such as physical growth and gut function that are central to the field. Several challenges remain for HEB research using MIBs, including the need for additional biomarkers and methods of assessment, robust validations, and approaches that are standardized across labs and research groups. Importantly, researchers must provide better support for adaptation and fitness effects in hypothesis testing (e.g., by obtaining complementary measures of energy expenditure, demonstrating redundancy of function, and performing lifetime/longitudinal analyses). We point to continued progress in the use of MIBs in HEB to better understand the past, present, and future of humans and our closest primate relatives.
Arterial and venous thromboembolism risk associated with blood eosinophils: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Wei‐Jie , Wang Shang , Yuan Ping , Wang Lan , Huang Jun‐Xia , Jiang Rong
Published: October 2022

The association between blood eosinophil (EOS) counts and arterial/venous thrombosis is unclear. We aim to explore whether EOS count is a risk factor for thrombosis. We searched several databases and preprint platforms using core terms ‘eosinophil’, ‘myocardial infarction’, ‘ischemic stroke’, and ‘venous thromboembolism’ (VTE), among others. Studies comparing the odds ratios (ORs) or risk ratios (RRs) of EOSs with the abovementioned diseases were eligible. Overall, 22 studies were included. A high EOS count was associated with acute coronary artery thrombosis events (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.15–1.32), short‐term cerebral infarction and mortality (RR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.49–5.51). The short‐term risk of VTE was more common in patients with EOS‐related diseases (RR: 6.52, 95% CI: 2.42–17.54). For coronary artery disease, a high EOS count was a protective factor against 6‐month to 1‐year mortality (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45–0.69) but was associated with long‐term mortality (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25–2.14). Therefore, we conclude that for coronary artery thrombosis, EOS count is not associated with AMI events in general population. It may be associated with NSTEMI and STEMI in CAD patients, but more studies are needed to confirm this. In addition, EOS count is associated with an increased risk of both short‐ and long‐term mortality but is not predictive of the composite endpoints. For cerebral artery thrombosis, EOS count may be associated with cerebral infarction and could lead to an increased risk of poor short‐term prognosis. For VTEs, EOS count was a risk factor for some patients, especially those with acute‐phase EOS‐related diseases.
On the Localization Properties of Weyl Particles
Authors: Tsigaridas Georgios N. , Kechriniotis Aristides I. , Tsonos Christos A. , Delibasis Konstantinos K.
Published: October 2022

In this work, it is shown that Weyl particles can exist at different states in zero electromagnetic field, either as free particles or at localized states. In addition, it is shown that the localization, as well as the energy, of the particles can be fully controlled using simple electric fields, which can easily be realized in practice. These results are particularly important regarding possible practical applications of Weyl particles, both considering solid‐state physics in materials supporting these particles and laser physics using ions trapped by laser beams, which can simulate the behavior of Weyl particles.
Comparison of academic performance of medical undergraduate students between routine class room teaching and online assisted teaching in biochemistry during COVID pandemic
Authors: Tamilmani Kaliyaperumal , Anithasri Anbalagan , Gunavathi Gunaseelan , Premkumar Kavasampattu Shanmuganantham
Published: October 2022

The new curriculum of competency based medical education (CBME) implemented for phase1 medical undergraduates could not go on to completion due to the sudden outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The educational institutions therefore resorted to online teaching modalities over conventional class room teachings. Hence this study aimed to compare the academic performance of students between routine classroom teaching and online assisted teaching with assignments.94 phase 1 MBBS students admitted in the year 2019–2020 was divided into low (<50%), medium (51%–70%) and high performers (71%–100%) based on the average marks in the initial formative assessments. Academic performance of students in three types of teaching modalities namely classroom teaching (CRT), classroom teaching with assignment (CRA), and online assisted teaching (OAT) were compared using ANOVA. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to find the difference in marks between CRT and CRA which was calculated as gain 1 and that between OAT and CRT is gain 2. Out of 94 students, 19 were low performers, 53 were medium performers and 22 were high performers when grouped at baseline. All these groups performed significantly well with OAT compared to CRT and CRA. The overall performance of girls was found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between Gain 1 and Gain 2. All group of students scored high in assessments following online teaching compared to conventional classroom teaching. The gain of online teaching did not outweigh the conventional teaching methods implying that face to face lectures is still an effective teaching modality.
Single‐Use Technology in the Biopharmaceutical Industry and Sustainability: A Contradiction?
Authors: Ottinger Melanie , Wenk Irina , Carvalho Pereira Joana , John Gernot , Junne Stefan
Published: October 2022

Single‐use technology has become important in biopharma processes since many years. Despite all the benefits, the generally rising concerns about single‐use material are hitting industrial bioproduction. The subgroup “Sustainability” of the DECHEMA workgroup “Single‐Use Technologies” aims to investigate any potential to quantify sustainability and identify points of concern or contradiction when applying single‐use material. This essay summarizes some facts about its utilization, past and current efforts to define, measure and increase sustainability and recommendations for potential actions.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: List Benjamin
Published: October 2022

List erhielt bereits zahlreiche Preise und Auszeichnungen, darunter den 2003 Carl‐Duisberg‐Gedächtnispreis der GDCh, 2021 ‐gemeinsam mit David W.C. MacMillan, Universität Princeton, den Nobelpreis für Chemie und zuletzt den renommierten Herbert C. Brown Award 2022 der Amerihcan Chemical Society.
Aus Alt mach Neu
Authors: Seiter Michael , Löw Philipp
Published: October 2022

Die Produktion biobasierter Polymere ist in den letzten Jahren deutlich professioneller und differenzierter geworden. Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Hersteller und Anbieter kamen ins Spiel, um biobasierte Alternativen für praktisch jede Anwendung zu schaffen. Die Kapazitäten und die Produktion biobasierter Materialien werden weiter stark wachsen. Vorhersagen prognostizieren ein Wachstum des globalen Marktes von über 35 % innerhalb der Jahre 2020 bis 2025. Innovative Biopolymere treiben dieses Wachstum voran, allen voran biobasiertes Polypropylen und Polyhdroxyalkanoate.
Skalenübergreifende Prozessentwicklungsmethodik
Authors: Glanemann‐Heitkämper Carina
Published: October 2022

Besonders in der Fein‐ und Spezialchemie ist wegen ihrer kleinen Produktionsvolumina eine schnelle Reaktion auf Marktänderungen notwendig. Hier ist deshalb der Einsatz von modularen Bausteinen, sogenannten PEAs (Process Equipment Assembly), die als besonders flexibel gelten, von Vorteil.
Optimierung des Brennstoffeinsatzes
Authors: Kipshagen Franz‐Josef
Published: October 2022

Die Energiewende und die aktuelle Energiekrise zwingen Unternehmen dazu, sich mit alternativen Energien zu befassen auseinanderzusetzen, um unabhängiger von den klassischen Brennstoffen Erdgas, öl sowie Braun‐ und Steinkohle zu werden. Beispielsweise kann die Nutzung von Reststoffen im jeweiligen Betrieb möglich sein. Mit der nachfolgenden Checkliste lässt sich abschätzen, ob ein Ausbau der Anlage infrage kommt und sich wirtschaftlich rentiert.
PROTOCOL: Effects of guaranteed basic income interventions on poverty‐related outcomes in high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Rizvi Anita , Welch Vivian , Gibson Marcia , Labelle Patrick R. , Pollard Christina , Wells George A. , Kristjansson Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: to appraise and synthesize the available quantitative evidence on GBI interventions in high‐income countries, for the purpose of comparing the relative effectiveness of specific forms of GBI for alleviating poverty.
Eating to cope: Advancing our understanding of the effects of exposure to racial discrimination on maladaptive eating behaviors
Authors: Brown Kristal Lyn , Graham Andrea K. , Perera Robert A. , LaRose Jessica Gokee
Published: October 2022

Objective

Racial discrimination is a stressor for young Black women that leads to poor health outcomes, including maladaptive eating. This study presents findings on racial discrimination and maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating, LOC eating) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Methods

Black emerging adult women (N = 27) with overweight or obesity participated in a 14‐day EMA study examining exposure to racial discrimination, eating behaviors, and racial identity. Frequencies and chi‐square tests were used to characterize the type of racial discrimination experienced and frequency of overeating. Mixed effect ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the relation between racial discrimination and maladaptive eating. Moderation analysis was conducted by creating interaction terms for discrimination and racial identity variables.

Results

81.5% of participants reported experiencing racial discrimination. Young Black women reporting exposure to racial discrimination were more likely to endorse higher levels of both overeating and LOC eating compared to times when discrimination was not experienced (p < .0001). Racial identity moderated the link between racial discrimination and maladaptive eating (overeating, LOC) such that reporting greater levels of private regard buffered the deleterious effect of racial discrimination. Higher levels of public regard exacerbated the association between racial discrimination and both overeating, and LOC. Higher centrality worsened the relation between racial discrimination and LOC.

Conclusion

Young Black women might use maladaptive eating to cope with exposure to racial discrimination, which underscores the importance of examining the link between racism and disordered eating, particularly among Black women submerged in a society that continuously exposes them to racial discrimination.

Public Significance

Emerging adult Black women are exposed to racial discrimination daily. In theory, exposure to racial discrimination could contribute to overeating and loss of control eating in this population. Using ecological momentary assessment, to capture experiences and eating behaviors in the moment they occur, this project quantified the magnitude of racial discrimination and how it was associated with maladaptive eating behaviors. Further, it examined ways in which racial identity was linked to this association.
Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices
Authors: Dos‐Reis‐Delgado Alejandro A. , Carmona‐Dominguez Andrea , Sosa‐Avalos Gerardo , Jimenez‐Saaib Ivan H. , Villegas‐Cantu Karen E. , Gallo‐Villanueva Roberto C. , Perez‐Gonzalez Víctor H.
Published: October 2022

Temperature is a critical—yet sometimes overlooked—parameter in microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can experience heating inside their channels during operation due to underlying physicochemical phenomena occurring therein. Such heating, whether required or not, must be monitored to ensure adequate device operation. Therefore, different techniques have been developed to measure and control temperature in microfluidic devices. In this contribution, the operating principles and applications of these techniques are reviewed. Temperature‐monitoring instruments revised herein include thermocouples, thermistors, and custom‐built temperature sensors. Of these, thermocouples exhibit the widest operating range; thermistors feature the highest accuracy; and custom‐built temperature sensors demonstrate the best transduction. On the other hand, temperature control methods can be classified as external‐ or integrated‐methods. Within the external methods, microheaters are shown to be the most adequate when working with biological samples, whereas Peltier elements are most useful in applications that require the development of temperature gradients. In contrast, integrated methods are based on chemical and physical properties, structural arrangements, which are characterized by their low fabrication cost and a wide range of applications. The potential integration of these platforms with the Internet of Things technology is discussed as a potential new trend in the field.
Risk
Authors: Gupta Shivani
Published: October 2022

Risk as a term invokes a sense of uncertainty and danger. Risk in androcentric discourses operates on gender binary modes postulating male and masculine as active risk‐takers; embedded in themes that rarely account for women's knowledge, opinions, and decisions. In this paper, I oppose such notions and propose risk as a feminist keyword—a term that provides potential to women's everyday worlds and presents women as active technicians of their own lives. Risk in its feminist rendition emerged in my ethnographic fieldwork in Banaras (North India). Banaras is a Hindu holy city that has obscured its women inhabitants and their experiences in its sacred rhetoric. In mapping women's worlds in Banaras, by privileging lived and embodied experiences, risk surfaced as an integral part of the everyday for women to contemplate their ways of being vis‐à‐vis the control, containment and violence deployed by patriarchy and its custodians. The paper argues that risk‐taking exists in ordinary domains and is not restricted to unique situations. It is taken by women to actualize their worlds through corporeal, experiential, and sensorial knowledge. Thus, risk as a feminist keyword provides unique ways to comprehend everyday insistences and resistances by marginal bodies.
Conformation, hydration, and ligand exchange process of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes in aqueous solution: Free‐energy calculations by a combination of molecular‐orbital theories and different solvent models
Authors: Kido Kentaro , Kaneko Masashi
Published: October 2022

Distribution of solvent molecules near transition‐metal complex is key information to comprehend the functionality, reactivity, and so forth. However, polarizable continuum solvent models still are the standard and conventional partner of molecular‐orbital (MO) calculations in the solution system including transition‐metal complex. In this study, we investigate the conformation, hydration, and ligand substitution reaction between NO2− and H2O in aqueous solution for [Ru(NO)(OH)(NO2)4]2− (A), [Ru(NO)(OH)(NO2)3(ONO)]2− (B), and [Ru(NO)(OH)(NO2)3(H2O)]− (C) using a combination method of MO theories and a state‐of‐the‐art molecular solvation technique (NI‐MC‐MOZ‐SCF). A dominant species is found in the complex B conformers and, as expected, different between the solvent models, which reveals that molecular solvation beyond continuum media treatment are required for a reliable description of solvation near transition‐metal complex. In the stability constant evaluation of ligand substitution reaction, an assumption that considers the direct association between the dissociated NO2− and complex C is useful to obtain a reliable stability constant.
Hospital‐initiated post‐discharge medication reviews in Australia: expert opinion on the barriers and enablers to implementation
Authors: Angley Manya , Criddle Deirdre , Rigby Deborah , Elliott Rohan A. , Phillips Katie , Penm Jonathan , Sluggett Janet K. , Gailer Joy , Thiele Horst , Page Amy T. , Pauw Carly , Gillespie Sarah , Shakib Sepehr , Yik Jerry
Published: October 2022

Medication‐related harm can occur during transitions of care. Revised Home Medicines Review (HMR) and Residential Medication Management Review (RMMR) program rules were published in April 2020 which allowed provision for some hospital medical practitioners to refer at‐risk patients for medication review. In turn, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia's (SHPA's) Transitions of Care and Primary Care Leadership Committee developed a framework to support hospitals facilitating Hospital‐Initiated Medication Reviews (HIMRs) via three pathways: HMR, RMMR, and Hospital Outreach Medication Review. Following the compilation of draft barriers and enablers to implementation of the SHPA HIMR framework, refinement occurred after broad consultation with hospital‐ and primary care‐based pharmacists with transitions of care experience. The finalised list of barriers and enablers can inform broadscale implementation of the SHPA HIMR framework to reduce medication‐related harm when high‐risk patients transition from hospital to primary care and aged care.
The use of mathematically standardized bilobed design perforator flaps for coverage of sacral pressure ulcers
Authors: Özkan Burak , Albayati Abbas , Tatar Burak Ergün , Uysal Cagri Ahmet
Published: October 2022

Background

Sacral pressure ulcer reconstruction is frequently applied in plastic surgery practice. Although perforator flaps are frequently used, recurrence is not uncommon in patients. For this reason, using the as little area as possible during the reconstruction is vital. Therefore, we aimed to describe a mathematically standardized bilobed perforator flap design for sacral pressure ulcer reconstruction with a certain proportion and angle relation between limbs.

Methods

A total of 17 patients (5 female/12 male)were included in this report. The mean age of the patients was 50.4 years (Ranging from 32 to 79 years). The patients with grade 3–4 sacral pressure ulcers were included in the report. The patients have grade 1–2 sacral ulcers or the other areas of pressure ulcer excluded. The size of the defects ranged from 8 × 14 cm to 5 x 16 cm. For ulcers in the sacral region, we used bilobed flaps that we mathematically standardized. The length of the first limb of the flap was planned 90° vertically oriented according to the distance between the perforator zone to the distal lateral border of the defect. The width of the first limb was kept equal to the length of the defect. The orientation of the second limb of the flap was designed 90 degrees horizontally according to the first limb. Therefore, the lengths of second limbs were calculated as half of the first limb's width, and the widths of second limbs were calculated as ¾ width of the first limb's width.

Results

A total of 10 flaps were elevated based on superior gluteal artery perforators, and seven flaps were nourished by inferior gluteal artery perforators. The mean size of the first limb of the flaps was 14.7 × 7.2 cm (Ranging from 8 to 20 × 6 to 13 cm). The mean size of the second limb of the flaps was 6.7 × 5.3 cm (Ranging from 5 to 12 × 4 to 8 cm). The mean size of defects was 10.5 × 7.3 cm (Ranging from 8 to 14 × 5 to 16). The mean rotation angle was 91.7° (ranging from 90 to 100). In the early postoperative period, the hematoma was detected in three patients and evacuated in one patient, resulting in wound separation. Tip necrosis was seen in a patient that was healed by wound care. No total flap loss was encountered. No late‐term recurrence was seen during the follow‐up. The mean follow‐up time was 13.1 months (Ranging from 4 to 24 months).

Conclusion

Unilateral standardized bilobed perforator can reliably be preferred in medium to large size sacral pressure ulcer defects.
Automated lung tumor delineation on positron emission tomography/computed tomography via a hybrid regional network
Authors: Lei Yang , Wang Tonghe , Jeong Jiwoong J. , Janopaul‐Naylor James , Kesarwala Aparna H. , Roper Justin , Tian Sibo , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Liu Tian , Higgins Kristin , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: October 2022

Background

Multimodality positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging combines the anatomical information of CT with the functional information of PET. In the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers, such as non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PET/CT imaging allows more accurate delineation of tumor or involved lymph nodes for radiation planning.

Purpose

In this paper, we propose a hybrid regional network method of automatically segmenting lung tumors from PET/CT images.

Methods

The hybrid regional network architecture synthesizes the functional and anatomical information from the two image modalities, whereas the mask regional convolutional neural network (R‐CNN) and scoring fine‐tune the regional location and quality of the output segmentation. This model consists of five major subnetworks, that is, a dual feature representation network (DFRN), a regional proposal network (RPN), a specific tumor‐wise R‐CNN, a mask‐Net, and a score head. Given a PET/CT image as inputs, the DFRN extracts feature maps from the PET and CT images. Then, the RPN and R‐CNN work together to localize lung tumors and reduce the image size and feature map size by removing irrelevant regions. The mask‐Net is used to segment tumor within a volume‐of‐interest (VOI) with a score head evaluating the segmentation performed by the mask‐Net. Finally, the segmented tumor within the VOI was mapped back to the volumetric coordinate system based on the location information derived via the RPN and R‐CNN. We trained, validated, and tested the proposed neural network using 100 PET/CT images of patients with NSCLC. A fivefold cross‐validation study was performed. The segmentation was evaluated with two indicators: (1) multiple metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient, Jacard, 95th percentile Hausdorff distance, mean surface distance (MSD), residual mean square distance, and center‐of‐mass distance; (2) Bland–Altman analysis and volumetric Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

In fivefold cross‐validation, this method achieved Dice and MSD of 0.84 ± 0.15 and 1.38 ± 2.2 mm, respectively. A new PET/CT can be segmented in 1 s by this model. External validation on The Cancer Imaging Archive dataset (63 PET/CT images) indicates that the proposed model has superior performance compared to other methods.

Conclusion

The proposed method shows great promise to automatically delineate NSCLC tumors on PET/CT images, thereby allowing for a more streamlined clinical workflow that is faster and reduces physician effort.
Greater habitual resveratrol intakes were associated with lower risk of hip fracture‐ a 1:1 matched case–control study in Chinese elderly
Authors: Liu Zhao‐min , Li Shu‐yi , Huang Qi , Zeng Fang‐fang , Li Bao‐lin , Cao Wen‐ting , Chen Yu‐ming
Published: October 2022

The aim of the study was to testify the association of dietary resveratrol (RSV) intakes with hip fracture risk in Chinese elderly. This was a 1:1 age‐ and gender‐ matched case–control study. Eligible cases were newly diagnosed patients of hip fracture. Dietary assessment was made by a 79‐item validated food frequency questionnaire. Habitual RSV intakes were estimated as the sum of trans‐ and cis‐ isomers of resveratrol and piceid according to the available database. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied to examine the relationship of dietary RSV and RSV‐rich foods with hip fracture risk. A total of 1,070 pairs of hip fracture incident cases and controls were recruited and 1,065 were included for analysis. Compared with the lowest group, total RSV in the highest quartile group had significantly reduced hip fracture risk by 66.3% (OR: 0.337, 0.222 ~ 0.571, ptrend < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for cis‐ and trans‐RSV, cis‐ and trans‐Piceid, as well as RSV‐rich foods (grapes, apples and nuts) respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested more evident findings among female and less obese participants. Our findings demonstrated that higher habitual RSV intakes and RSV‐rich foods, even in a relatively low amount, were associated with reduced risk of hip fracture in Chinese elderly.