bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insulin Use Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Dai Juan-juan , He Yan , Ma Gang , Hu Yang-yang , Jiang Ming-jie
Published: October 2023

Background

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has a mortality of 30% with no current targeted therapy. The potential protective effect of insulin on AP has been reported and needs to be confirmed. Thus, we aim to examine the effect of insulin treatment on the outcome of AP patients.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. Kruskal–Wallis test, t-tests, and Pearson's chi-squared test were used to compare differences between groups. Propensity score matching and further nearest neighbor matching were used to construct a matched cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, logistic regression analyses, and the doubly robust estimation method were used to assess the relationship between insulin use and mortality.

Results

Nine hundred patients were enrolled in the final analysis. Insulin was associated with better outcomes in AP patients admitted to ICU, and could act as an independent predictor for 30-day mortality (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.24-0.55). Subgroup analysis showed that AP patients with heart failure or without kidney disease or respiratory failure may not benefit from insulin treatment.

Conclusions

Insulin treatment is independently associated with lower 30-day mortality in AP patients, except for those with heart failure or without kidney disease or respiratory failure.
Urban density and socioeconomic characteristics of informal settlements: evidence of interrelation from Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Mottelson Johan , Venerandi Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Several studies have documented extensive low-density urban expansion of cities in sub-Saharan Africa, exacerbating issues of inadequate infrastructure, limited mobility and human impact on the environment. However, the relation between socioeconomic factors and urban expansion trends in sub-Saharan Africa remains understudied. This study investigates the links between household socioeconomic status and urban form of informal settlements based on case studies in Maputo, Mozambique. The findings of the study underscore that (1) built densification occurs over time, reflecting an incremental house expansion process enabled by household economic resources; (2) households with higher socioeconomic status consume comparatively more land, contributing to urban expansion; (3) households in more recently established settlements within the city limits have higher socioeconomic status than households in older settlements located in comparable proximity to the city centre; and (4) rental housing is more widespread in the centrally located settlements and accommodates younger residents with lower socioeconomic status.
Peri-urban rent gap and land value capture by government-led urban development in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hyung Min
Published: October 2023

This research investigates a South Korean land value capture experience in peri-urban development. With the growing demand for urban land, rent gaps grew. A South Korean public development scheme, the Housing Site Development Promotion Act (HSDPA), enabled a public development agency to financialize and recoup the rent gaps by allowing for land acquisition at agricultural value. Hence, these peri-urban projects were self-funded in providing infrastructure at “no cost” to the government. A case study – of Yongin-Jukjeon on the periphery of Seoul – reveals that the rent gap between pre-development and post-development was over fivefold, and the public development agency achieved an internal rate of return of 262 per cent after paying for decent-quality infrastructure facilities by the national standard. Despite the size of this return, the rent gap was also shared among and reallocated to other key actors including original landowners, construction companies and end-users.
Social work with young women in security emergencies: An autoethnography of epistemic resistance
Authors: Shimei Nour
Published: October 2023

In this article, I reflect on my practice as a social worker with young Jewish and Arab Bedouin women from marginalized groups in Israel during security emergencies. I use the autoethnography of a reflective story from a program for girls and young women in which I was working at the start of Operation Cast Lead (December 27, 2008–January 18, 2009) in Israel. I discuss epistemic injustice and epistemic resistance as they concern girls who are coping with conditions of distress, and relate to the complexities involved in social work with them.
Book review: Mahuya Bandyopadhyay & Rimple Mehta (Eds.), Women Incarcerated: Narratives from India
Authors: Mazumdar Shilpa Chaya
Published: October 2023

Mahuya Bandyopadhyay & Rimple Mehta (Eds.), Women Incarcerated: Narratives from India. Hyderabad. Orient BlackSwan Private Limited, 2022, ₹1,210, xi+ 356 pp. ISBN: 9789354421884 (Paperback).
Development and Validation of a New Measurement Scale for Existential Loneliness
Authors: Hadeei Sohrab
Published: October 2023

This article deals with the development and initial validation of the Existential Loneliness Scale (ELS). An initial pool of 40 items, generated based on literature review, qualitative studies, and previously developed scales, was evaluated by the experts’ judgment, so 30 items were retained and then administered to an Iranian sample of 433 youth and adult participants aged 20 to 85 years. Participants also completed other measures relevant for construct validity: Existential Loneliness Questionnaire (ELQ), De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS-6), Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis showed strong evidence of unidimensionality. This result was also supported by confirmatory factor analysis test. Finally, 19 items were kept, which were free from DIF by gender and by marital status. The scale had high internal consistency (α = .95 and ω = .95) and adequate test–retest reliability with a 1-month interval ( r = .74). Examination of the ELS’ correlation with criterion measures indicated that the scale has good concurrent, discriminant, and convergent validity. Findings revealed the ELS as a reliable, valid, and suitable instrument to measure existential loneliness in the Iranian adult population.
Surreal Encounters: Playing With the More-Than-Human at a Community Farm
Authors: Foster Victoria
Published: October 2023

This article explores synergies between surrealism and posthumanism, including ways of knowing the world in ways that simultaneously value and decenter the human, and inspire much-needed creative thinking about reworlding the planet. These are playful ways of knowing that embrace chance, accept paradox, and question conventional understandings of time. Such ideas are explored through the example of an arts-based research project at a community farm in Lancashire, United Kingdom. The project’s “surrealist sensibility” resulted not only in encouraging participants’ creativity but also in opening them up to encounters with the more-than-human and providing acknowledgment of how connected we really are.
General framework for re-assuring numerical reliability in parallel Krylov solvers: A case of bi-conjugate gradient stabilized methods
Authors: Iakymchuk Roman , Graillat Stef , Aliaga José I.
Published: October 2023

Parallel implementations of Krylov subspace methods often help to accelerate the procedure of finding an approximate solution of a linear system. However, such parallelization coupled with asynchronous and out-of-order execution often makes more visible the non-associativity impact in floating-point operations. These problems are even amplified when communication-hiding pipelined algorithms are used to improve the parallelization of Krylov subspace methods. Introducing reproducibility in the implementations avoids these problems by getting more robust and correct solutions. This paper proposes a general framework for deriving reproducible and accurate variants of Krylov subspace methods. The proposed algorithmic strategies are reinforced by programmability suggestions to assure deterministic and accurate executions. The framework is illustrated on the preconditioned BiCGStab method and its pipelined modification, which in fact is a distinctive method from the Krylov subspace family, for the solution of non-symmetric linear systems with message-passing. Finally, we verify the numerical behavior of the two reproducible variants of BiCGStab on a set of matrices from the SuiteSparse Matrix Collection and a 3D Poisson’s equation.
Understanding the role of participatory-moral abilities, motivation, and behavior in European adolescents’ responses to online hate
Authors: Naderer Brigitte , Wendt Ruth , Bachl Marko , Rieger Diana
Published: October 2023

Researchers have repeatedly discussed how to strengthen supportive and pro-social responses to online hate, such as reporting and commenting. Researchers and practitioners commonly call for the promotion of media literacy measures that are believed to be positively associated with countermeasures against online hate. In this study (conducted in 2021), we examined relationships between media literacy proficiencies of (1) moral-participatory motivation and abilities and, consequently, (2) the establishment of moral-participatory behaviors and the correspondence with prosocial responses to online hate. A sample of 1489 adolescents and young adults (16–22 years old) from eight European countries is examined. Results confirmed that higher participatory-moral motivation and behavior were significantly associated with stronger intentions to report online hate. Commenting on hateful online content, on the other hand, was significantly related to participatory-moral abilities and past experiences with online harassment. Implications for the role of social media literacy in the context of online hate are discussed.
The Center for Indigenous Innovation and Health Equity: The Osage Nation’s Mobile Market
Authors: Hayman Jann , Moore-Wilson Harleigh , Vavra Cody , Wormington Dawn , Presley Jessica , Jauregui-Dusseau Alex , Clyma Kaylee R. , Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird
Published: October 2023

Over the last decade, the Osage Nation has actively worked to build Tribal food sovereignty within the reservation where rates of chronic disease and food insecurity are higher than the United States general population. In 2013, the Nation repurposed land toward the development of a Tribal farm with the aim of providing healthy foods to Osage citizens. Produce from the farm is distributed to elders groups, at Tribal Head Starts and schools, and to support the tribal food distribution program. These efforts have led to improved vegetable intake among Osage children, contributing to improved food security, but there is concern that tribal members who live in more remote areas of the Nation or have transportation or mobility issues are not able to access farm production. In partnership with the Center for Indigenous Health Equity (CIIHE), Osage Nation engaged in a community-based participatory research study to assess reservation areas with the greatest barriers to healthy foods and to identify community priorities for intervention. Guided by the principles of food sovereignty, which assert that intervention efforts must address the underlying structural issues of inequality, Osage has designed a mobile market initiative to expand the reach of the Harvest Land farm and deliver healthy, tribally produced meats, herbs, and fresh vegetables to areas with the highest rates of food insecurity. We describe the participatory research efforts and evaluation strategies that center Osage priorities for food security and food sovereignty.
Framing an Indigenous Food Sovereignty Research Agenda
Authors: Nguyen Cassandra J. , Wilbur Rachel E. , Henderson Austin , Sowerwine Jennifer , Mucioki Megan , Sarna-Wojcicki Daniel , Ferguson Gary L. , Maudrie Tara L. , Moore-Wilson Harleigh , Wark Kyle , Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird
Published: October 2023

Access to healthy and appealing food is essential for individuals to be able to live a healthy and quality life. For decades, food security has been a priority issue for public health professionals. Food sovereignty expands upon the concept of food insecurity (i.e., having access to nutritious and culturally relevant food) by incorporating people’s rights to define their own food system. The expanded focus of food sovereignty on food systems prioritizes public health professionals’ role in supporting environmental- and systems-level initiatives and evaluating their implications for health, economics, and the natural environment. Food sovereignty is of particular importance for Indigenous peoples (i.e., American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities). Colonization had demonstrable consequences, with many Indigenous communities being forcibly relocated from traditional lands, alongside the destruction of traditional food sources. Indigenous food sovereignty aligns with the sovereign nation status that American Indian tribes and Alaska Native communities have with the United States. Furthermore, the worldviews that incorporate Indigenous communities’ relational responsibilities to care for their food systems, according to their traditional practices and beliefs (Coté, 2016; Morrison, 2011), uniquely positions Indigenous peoples to lead food sovereignty initiatives. In this article, we explore what is currently known regarding food sovereignty and health. We then discuss opportunities to expand the evidence on Indigenous food sovereignty’s relationships with (1) health and well being, (2) economics, (3) the natural environment, and (4) programming facilitators and barriers.
Food Sovereignty and Health: A Conceptual Framework to Advance Research and Practice
Authors: Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird , Nguyen Cassandra J. , Maudrie Tara L. , Demientieff LaVerne Xilegg , Black Jessica C. , Mortenson Ryan , Wilbur Rachel E. , Clyma Kaylee R. , Lewis Melissa , Lopez Susanna V.
Published: October 2023

Settler colonialism disrupted traditional Indigenous foodways and practices and created high rates of diet-related disease among Indigenous peoples. Food sovereignty, the rights of Indigenous peoples to determine their own food systems, is a culturally centered movement rooted in traditional Indigenous knowledge. This approach directly intervenes upon systems-level barriers to health, making it an important strategy for health equity. While food sovereignty initiatives can be found within many Indigenous communities, the conceptual linkages between food sovereignty and health have not been well documented within the public health literature. We present a practice-informed conceptual framework developed as part of the Center for Indigenous Innovation and Health Equity (CIIHE) initiative, a community–academic partnership with the goal of strengthening Indigenous food systems and practices to promote health and well-being. The framework emphasizes connectedness, including the transmission of knowledge across generations and the restoration of relational responsibilities, as central to Indigenous concepts of health and wellness.
Trends and Themes in the Study of Value in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Nijjar Manraj S. , Soeder Jack , Lameire Darius L. , Johal Herman
Published: October 2023

Background:

The study of value in orthopedic surgery aims to maximize health outcomes gained per unit cost through various health economic tools but is fragmented across various subspecialties and geographies. Therefore, it is difficult to ascertain whether this research methodology is being used to its full potential across all orthopedic subspecialties and geographies.

Purpose:

We sought to assess the distribution of prior health economics literature in orthopedic surgery across subspecialties and geographies. The secondary aim was to identify pertinent methodologic trends that may affect the conclusions drawn.

Methods:

A systematic review utilizing 3 electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and Web of Science) was performed. Inclusion criteria included prior systematic reviews assessing economic analyses across all orthopedic surgery subspecialities published between 2010 and April 24, 2021. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Review tool. Data were qualitatively analyzed.

Results:

In the 44 studies included, arthroplasty (36.4%) and spine (31.8%) were the most represented subspecialties. Almost half of studies originated from the United States (45.5%), followed by the United Kingdom (18.2%). Health economic models were most commonly from the perspective of the health care or hospital system (40.5%), followed by the societal perspective (23.5%), and the payer perspective (14.8%).

Conclusions:

The study of value in orthopedic surgery is not uniformly leveraged across all subspecialties and geographies. Methodologically, the societal perspective was inadequately represented, despite orthopedic pathologies often incurring significant indirect costs (eg, time off work, rehabilitation expenses).
Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Accessibility, Knowledge, Barriers, and Facilitators Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Perez Livias , Nunu Wilfred Njabulo
Published: October 2023

Great strides have been made globally toward ending HIV and AIDS as a threat by 2030, although the rate of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men remains very high. Due to their risk of getting HIV and AIDS, utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can potentially reduce the risk of HIV transmission among this population. This study sought to analyze the accessibility, knowledge, and potential barriers and facilitators to assessing PrEP by men who have sex with men. The quantitative method was conducted on 65 men who have sex with men through questionnaires loaded on Kobo Collect. Chi-square test, odds ratios, and logistic regression were used to associate different demographic characteristics with knowledge and significance of barriers in PrEP access using STATA 15. A hotspot map of PrEP and locations was created using QGIS. About 84% of respondents accessed pills from friendly facilities. The remaining accessed them from public hospitals, namely Mpilo and United Bulawayo Hospitals. Over 90% of the respondents were found to be highly knowledgeable. Notably, barriers included lack of information, fear of side effects, pills not accessible, pill taste, odor and size, stigma, and lack of protection from other sexually transmitted infections. Facilitators were educated about PrEP, the existence of friendly health facilities, making pills available at all times, partner support, increased number of friendly health facilities and support groups. Maximizing the potential of PrEP as an efficient HIV-prevention intervention among this population requires ongoing efforts to remove barriers and promote facilitators.
Resilience and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Hand Surgery
Authors: Anderson Justin C. , Milam Rachel J. , Drayer Nicholas J. , Zalneraitis B. Holt , Hood Debra K. , Shin Emily H. , Kang Daniel G.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Previous studies have examined the impact of resiliency on postoperative outcomes in other orthopedic domains, but none to date have done so for hand surgery.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients undergoing hand surgery at a single institution. We included patients with complete preoperative outcomes scores and 6-month follow-up. All patients completed the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Score, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain. Patients were stratified into high-resiliency (HR) and low-resiliency (LR) groups based on the preoperative BRS score, and outcomes between groups were compared.

Results:

We identified 91 patients who underwent hand procedures and completed full preoperative and postoperative outcomes measures. There were no observed preoperative differences between the groups in all outcomes scores except the VR-12 Mental Component Score. Postoperatively, the HR group had superior DASH, QuickDASH, and VR-12 (mental and physical component) scores than the LR group. Postoperative pain, as measured by the NRS, was significantly lower in the HR group despite there being no preoperative difference. A larger percentage of patients in the HR group met the minimal clinically important difference in all outcomes except for the VR-12 Mental Component Scores.

Conclusions:

Patients with high preoperative resilience appear to have significantly better clinical outcomes following hand surgery with superior DASH, QuickDASH, and VR-12 scores at 6-month follow-up.

Type of Study/Level of Evidence:

Prognostic study/Level IV evidence.
Nonbifurcating carotid artery—embryological scrutiny, intriguing associations, and review of literature
Authors: Jain Savyasachi , Jain Pooja , Malik Amita , Charan Bheru Dan
Published: October 2023

Nonbifurcating carotid is quite a rare anatomical variant of carotid anatomy. The embryology of carotid development is more intricate and convoluted than is presently known. This case report finds an unusual case of a nonbifurcating carotid artery whose embryological basis cannot be explained by popular prevalent theories. It also stresses about an abundance of case reports from East Asia on this topic, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The formation of atherosclerotic plaque requires more than abnormal fluid hemodynamic, which has been briefly pointed out.
The Rug Methodology in Qualitative Studies
Authors: Bodman Ghita M. , Garista Patrizia
Published: October 2023

This article introduces the Rug Methodology to enhance participation in the qualitative research process. The idea of using rugs to facilitate narratives and expression, and to build reciprocity and activate reflexivity and meaning-making, grew out of a peer-to-peer debate between the authors of this paper on a qualitative research approach for weaving rugs, inventive methods for community action, and drawing as a reflective practice. The article describes the procedure of drawing rugs to encourage people participation. Rugs are everyday objects but they can become a qualitative tool that can be used with in-depth interviews, amplifying the opportunity of collecting participants’ lived experiences, emotions, reflections, and desires. The paper aims to define a framework which connects “to-do activities” with dialogical practices in research and to describe strengths and limitations of drawings rugs in a qualitative research design. Drawings, life events, and stories from the field are described and discussed, showing how everyday objects such as rugs can support expression, participation, reflexivity, and how drawing rugs is suitable for various and vulnerable targets and settings in qualitative studies. Finally, the paper describes the challenges of analysing data from drawings to illustrate lived experiences related to people who stay in rural areas and how they learnt to generate their quality of life.
Validity and reliability study of the Turkish Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale: a revised scale
Authors: Türkoğlu Nihan , Kavuran Esin , Ay Eda
Published: October 2023

Background:

Intercultural communication is one of the most important competencies of nurses that enhances the health-care process and increases the quality of care in multicultural environments.

Aims:

This study was conducted to revise the Turkish Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale.

Methods:

This methodological study was conducted between November and December 2021 with 321 female and 96 male university students (mean age 20.78 ± 2.04 (min. = 17, max. = 37)). Revision of the Turkish Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale included factor analysis, test–retest analysis for reliability, correlation-based item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results:

Analysis results showed that the scale was composed of 12 items and explained 56.79% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.88. Internal consistency analysis included item–total score correlations; the values were found to range between −0.59 and 0.79 and the 14th item with negative item–total score correlations was excluded from the scale.

Conclusion:

The results of this study show that the revised Turkish Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension Scale is a valid and reliable tool.
Centenarian Memoirs and Vernacular History
Authors: Zheng Yi , Hemelryk Donald Stephanie
Published: October 2023

This article examines centenarian memoirs as a popular cultural phenomenon and through it the promises of post-reform vernacular history. The argument posits that these memoirs are a genre that has been commercially successful through their transformation of self and historical narratives in the People’s Republic of China, in particular, the transformation of these memoirs from vestiges of state-cultivated intellectual confessions to vernacular cultural memories in the popular print market. Focusing on celebrated centenary memoir writers centring on Yang Jiang, the study develops Chen Sihe's conception of the vernacular, emphasising its shifting intersection with the political–institutional and the intellectual elite. The popular historiography emerging from these trans-generational memory “fevers” reveals vanishing modern Chinese intellectual values percolating through the vernacular ethos in the cultural industries of the early twenty-first century. The vernacular has been the post-reform locus for contesting and retaining critical intellectual traditions.
A comparison of the sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer recruited in-person and online: A Canadian cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bender Jacqueline L , Akinnibosun Rukayyah , Puri Natasha , D’Agostino Norma , Drake Emily K , Tsimicalis Argerie , Howard A Fuchsia , Garland Sheila N , Chalifour Karine , Gupta Abha A
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer (AYAs) are under-represented in research. The Internet and social media could increase the reach of recruitment efforts but may impact sample characteristics. This study evaluated the characteristics of AYAs recruited in-person at an urban hospital versus the Internet in terms of their sociodemographic and medical characteristics, and psychosocial wellbeing, and offers recommendation for increasing the inclusivity and representativeness of research samples.

Methods

Participant data from a cross-sectional survey of AYAs in Canada were evaluated. In-person hospital recruitment used a registry to identify patients attending ambulatory clinics. Internet recruitment included notices on hospital, team members’, and community partners’ social media channels, and email newsletters. Independent sample t-tests and Chi-squared tests were used to identify differences in participant sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics based on recruitment source.

Results

Of 436 participants, 217 (49.8%) were recruited in-person and 219 (50.2%) online. Online participants were more likely: to be white ( p < .001), women ( p < .001), and Canadian-born ( p < .001); to speak English at home ( p < .001), live alone ( p = .001) and live in rural settings ( p = .014); and to be farther from diagnosis ( p = .023), diagnosed with breast cancer ( p < .001), and cancer free ( p < .001) compared to the hospital sample. Online participants also reported higher anxiety, depression, and loneliness ( p < .001), and lower social support (p < .001), self-efficacy for coping with cancer ( p < .001), and life satisfaction ( p = .006).

Conclusions

Online recruitment yielded a more geographically diverse but less sociodemographically diverse sample of AYAs who were farther from diagnosis and had poorer psychosocial wellbeing than in-person recruitment at an urban hospital. Future research efforts should consider partnering with under-represented communities and using targeted and stratified online and in-person recruitment strategies to achieve an inclusive and representative sample of AYAs.
Using the ABC theory of emotion to examine the relationship between health anxiety and health information-seeking behavior among the rural population
Authors: Gong Hongcun , Deng Sanhong , Wang Hao , Cao Gaohui
Published: October 2023

Objective

The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between online and offline health information-seeking behaviors, as antecedents and consequences, and health anxiety and related belief factors in rural residents.

Methods

Based on the ABC theory of emotions (ABC model), this study developed two theoretical models of the association between health anxiety and health information-seeking behavior: Placing health information-seeking behavior (both online and offline) as an outcome and antecedent, respectively, and setting three belief factors of the perceived health threat, intolerance of uncertainty, and catastrophic misinterpretations. We collected 730 self-reported data points from 20 June to 5 July 2022 for rural residents in China and empirically tested the research model and hypotheses using partial least squares-based structural equation modeling.

Results

The perceived health threat and intolerance of uncertainty are significant motivators of health anxiety, and health anxiety has a direct beneficial effect on both online and offline health information-seeking behaviors. Health anxiety is influenced either directly or indirectly by catastrophic misinterpretations resulting from online health information-seeking, while offline health information-seeking behavior does not contribute as strongly to health anxiety directly but mainly reinforces it through the mediating influence of catastrophic misinterpretations.

Conclusions

Rural residents’ health anxiety promotes their online and offline health information behaviors. And both their online and offline health information-seeking behaviors may promote health anxiety directly and through catastrophic misinterpretations. Comparing the two, online health information-seeking behaviors primarily exacerbate health anxiety through direct effects, whereas offline health information-seeking behaviors primarily affect health anxiety through catastrophic misinterpretations. We provide suggested guidelines for alleviating health anxiety and regulating health information behaviors among rural residents.
An Integrative Model for Change: Scoping Review of Human Factors, Implementation Science, and Quality Improvement Approaches in Primary Care
Authors: Parks Reid , Ramly Edmond
Published: October 2023

This scoping review collects methods and frameworks from three fields with a shared goal of improving healthcare practice with a focus on primary care settings: Human Factors, Implementation Science, and Quality Improvement. The approaches from these three fields have been synthesized in a conceptual model that builds on complementarities between fields and encourages interdisciplinary integration. The resulting integrative model provides a helpful guide for organizing healthcare improvement approaches into a cyclical process that is consistent with real-world practice. Users of this model can select from a collection of existing approaches to support their improvement projects, develop and test new transdisciplinary approaches that combine or mix existing approaches, or guide their interdisciplinary education in primary care change approaches. Future work will refine and expand this model to balance practicality and rigor.
A review of best practices, standards, and approaches for transportation safety data and driver state prediction
Authors: Nartey David , Alambeigi Hananeh , McDonald Anthony D. , Shipp Eva , Manser Michael , Christensen Scott , Lenneman John K. , Pulver Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

This systematic review documents current best practices, standards, and approaches for transportation safety data analytics. While standards exist for defining measures, there are few available standards or guides for processing driving and driver data. Standards are crucial for ensuring repeatability and appropriate cost-benefit decisions. The review identified 36 relevant studies describing behavioral and physiological measures. Most studies do not comprehensively report data processing steps. Of the studies that did report data processing steps, few analyzed the impact of decisions made during data processing on algorithm performance. Most studies were conducted in a controlled simulator environment and may not generalize to naturalistic settings. The findings show that driver behavior and physiological data show efficacy for detecting fatigue, distraction, stress, and driver errors. The results of these studies may necessitate additional data processing standards and future work should focus on measuring the effects of data decisions on model performance.
Clinical Decision Support Systems and Trust in Automation: Case of a Clinical Reminder for Titration of Beta Blockers
Authors: MW Smith , M Kalsy , CR Weir , CR Brown , SS Virani , JH Garvin
Published: October 2023

Trust in automation depends on more than just the automation itself, but the larger context in which the automation and the human operator are collaborating. This study takes a naturalistic approach to explore providers' trust in a Clinical Decision Support System. Primary Care Providers were shown simulated medical records and a prototype Clinical Reminder indicating that the patient should be titrated with recommended Beta Blockers to address the patient's Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction. Analysis of responses showed three main themes: Concerns about the medical documentation used to generate the recommendation; Complexity of the patient condition and care delivery context (and how such factors limit possible courses of action); and Concerns about the Clinical Reminder and clinical guideline it is instantiating. These results align with the macrocognitive model of trust and reliance based on sensemaking and flexecution.
Unintended Biases due to Simulated Impairment within Inclusive Mobility Research and Design
Authors: Tabattanon Kamolnat , Sun Aaron , J. Bernard
Published: October 2023

Simulated impairment refers to requiring persons without impairments to substitute persons with impairments in endeavors related to training, design creation, or usability testing. However, disability voices and research suggest limited effectiveness, greater distancing, and exclusion. Despite this, the simulation of physical limitations, including that of aging, continue to be used under the assumption that physical tasks and usability ratings do not significantly differ in simulation. In this experiment, age- and sex-matched older adults who use and do not use a manual wheelchair (MWC) are instructed to independently perform a self-paced parallel park using an MWC. The total clearance between obstacles required to perform a collision-free trial was recorded. Thirty-eight volunteers were recruited (MWC-user n=15; Simulated Impairment [SI] n=23). Higher clearance was required by the MWC group, suggesting the use of simulated impairment for motor tasks may result in bias. Open-ended questions revealed self-centered viewpoints, supporting literature that raises inclusion concerns regarding views of an “Other” group. Overall, our results support the direct engagement of target populations during early design to appropriately define user perspectives and needs. Designers should work with the community of people who face limitations rather than substituting their voices with those who may not accurately represent all of their consumer needs.
Learning Engineering Perspectives for Supporting Educational Systems
Authors: Craig Scotty D. , Goodell Jim , Czerwinski Erin , Lis Jodi , Roscoe Rod D.
Published: October 2023

This panel will focus on the emerging area of Learning Engineering. Learning Engineering is a transdisciplinary area focusing on the systematic application of evidence-based principles from science of learning disciplines to create effective learning experiences, addressing the challenges of learners. During the panel, examples of Learning Engineering will be presented of interest to anyone within human factors and ergonomics with interest in education, training, or usability/design science. The panel will represent experience from both academia and industry. The goal of this panel is to foster dialog between the IEEE Industry Connections Industry Consortium on Learning Engineering (ICICLE) and HFES members in the hope of increasing knowledge of Learning Engineering and creating ties between the two organizations.
Gender Differences in Responsibility Assignment Towards Level 3-ADS Vehicles
Authors: Kettle Liam , Lee Yi-Ching
Published: October 2023

Numerous collisions have occurred since integrating vehicles with automated driving system (ADS) features. Attributed responsibility following collisions differ dependent on level of automation or anthropomorphism. However, gender differences are yet to be examined. Thus, the current study examined gender differences in responsibility assignment following collisions involving an ADS-equipped vehicle and the influence of a driving assistant (DA) that administered monitoring requests. Participants read hypothetical scenarios and watched corresponding simulated videos with or without the DA present before assigning blame to the human or the ADS. Hypotheses included gender differences in overall blame assignment, and interaction effects between gender and DA presence; gender and agent; and gender, DA presence, and agent. Results indicated gender differences when assigning responsibility to the human agent only. No other significant differences were supported indicating that men and women generally attribute blame similarly. However, further demographic differences (e.g., age, socio-economic status) should be explored.
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Interactions for Fleet HumanRobot Interaction: Insights from Field Testing
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth , Moshkina Lilia , Roundtree Karina , Norton Adam , Yanco Holly
Published: October 2023

A growing number of domains for Human-Robot and Human-Machine Interactions (HRI/HMI) will involve fleets of autonomous machines. In these fleet environments, robots will encounter not just primary interactors in one-on-one encounters, but also secondary, and even tertiary ones who are bystanders to direct human-to-robot interactions. Thus, the interaction paradigms used by such robots may need to be reconsidered to meet a growing diversity of interactions as fleet HRI/HMI applications continue to grow. Relying on use cases from field testing in mock urban environments, the purpose of this paper is to discuss our lessons learned when supporting multiple “layers” of interactors and how they relate to needs that Human Factors and Ergonomic (HF/E) science can help to address.
Testing Pupil Size as a Possible Alternative Metric of Physical Fatigue in Automotive Manufacturing Tasks
Authors: Biondi Francesco N. , Graf Frida , Cort Joel
Published: October 2023

This work investigates using pupil size to track changes in physical fatigue during manufacturing tasks. Participants completed an automotive manufacturing task over three trials. Impulse and peak force were recorded as ground-truth metrics of physical fatigue. Pupil size and blink rate were also recorded by means of a head-mounted eye-tracker. Impulse and peak force decreased between trial 1 and trial 3 suggesting an increase in fatigue. Interestingly, this was accompanied by a significant reduction in pupil size. No difference in blink rate was found. Our study adds to the literature on fatigue assessment suggesting pupil size as a future possible alternative metric for fatigue assessment in manufacturing Ergonomics.
Sequencing Patient Care Tasks as an Infection Prevention Practice
Authors: Weaver Bradley W. , Mumma Joel M. , Parmar Sweta , Morgan Jill S. , Ghassemian Golpar , Burke Kylie B. , Gannon Paige R. , MacKay Rebecca E. , Berryhill Brandon A. , Lee Lindsay
Published: October 2023

Healthcare-associated infections are common, yet largely preventable. We examined whether nurses that successfully limited their contamination spread in a high-fidelity simulated environment sequenced their tasks differently than nurses that spread more contamination by reanalyzing an existing dataset. In the simulations, contamination spread was tracked using live viral surrogates (bacteriophages), which are harmless to humans. An overall contamination performance score was calculated for each participant, who were divided into one of three performance groups: high (M = 93%), medium (M = 78%), or low (M = 59%). An ANOVA showed contamination performance group did not have a statistically significant effect on the order nurses completed tasks; the largest effect size was small ( ηG2 = 0.019). Thus, even if nurses that successfully limit their contamination spread do sequence their tasks differently, it may not be practically meaningful because it is a small effect.
Quantifying Visual Attention of Teams During Workload Transitions Using AOI-Based Cross-Recurrence Metrics
Authors: Atweh Jad A. , Hayek Jackie Al , Riggs Sara L.
Published: October 2023

Cross-recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) metrics may offer a means to provide information about the quality of collaboration in real-time. The goal of the present work is to use Area of Interest (AOI) based CRQA metrics to analyze the eye-tracking data of 10 pairs who participated in a shared unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) command and control task. We are interested in how teams respond to workload transitions and how it affects AOI-based CRQA metrics. The results showed that as workload increased, team members spent a longer time on the same task which may indicate that they are coordinating together on a task, or they are not adapting and getting “trapped” in certain tasks. The findings suggest that CRQA AOI-based metrics are sensitive to workload changes and validate these metrics in unraveling the visual puzzle of how workload impacts scanpath patterns which contribute to quantifying the adaptation process of pairs over time. This also has the potential to inform the design of real-time technology in the future.
User-Centered Development and Pilot Test of a Virtual Reality Training Prototype for Parents of Children with Autism
Authors: Simmons Christina A. , Tremoulet Patrice D. , Lecakes George D. , Williams Garret J. , Almon Amanda S , Mandayam Shreekanth
Published: October 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently engage in severe destructive behavior that presents significant risks to themselves and others, poses substantial barriers to community integration, and results in high familial and societal financial impact. Despite the efficacy of behavior analytic (BA) interventions for decreasing destructive behavior, to produce meaningful outcomes in the natural environment, treatment effects must transfer to parents. Parents often experience in-person training barriers, such as time, financial burden, transportation, and childcare, as well as concerns with the quality of training delivered, such as unrealistic and uncomfortable training with therapists. This paper presents preliminary results from a pilot test of a prototype of a virtual reality parent training tool intended to reduce access and quality barriers for parents with children with ASD who engage in severe destructive behavior.
Exploring the Impact of Actionable Guidance & Feedback on Pro-Environmental Behaviors, Climate Anxiety, and Environmental Efficacy
Authors: Hussey David
Published: October 2023

Evidence indicates that the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and pollution are tipping our global climate toward changes that jeopardize the stability of our environments and are likely to impact the overall suitability of our planet for habitation by humans and many other living organisms. As the global climate situation becomes more pronounced and increasingly signals itself as a threat to human wellbeing, a new mental health concern has also begun to delineate itself, that of climate anxiety, which is being felt by individuals across the globe, from mood and decreased levels of functioning, to more severe manifestations like substance abuse, depression, and insomnia. The goal of this work is to review and expand on the concepts of climate anxiety, as well as environmental efficacy, and explore their relationship with proenvironmental behaviors with considerations for the potential moderating effects that actionable guidance and measurable feedback may have on the adoption and outcomes of those behaviors.
Performance, Perceived Impacts, and Perceived Use of Low-back Exoskeletons for EMS Work
Authors: Manchanda Eshan , Gottumukkala Vishal , Vale Tiago Gunter Xavier Do , Abburu Mytreyi , Mukherjee Tiash Rana , Tyagi Oshin , Mehta Ranjana K.
Published: October 2023

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) have a high prevalence of low back injuries and low-back pain. Low back exoskeletons, that have proven to be effective tools in injury prevention in industry, can be seen as a potential solution to reducing the risk of injury for EMTs. The aim of this study was to evaluate user perception and perceived workload of EMTs for a low back exoskeleton. Trained EMTs performed various equipment and patient handling tasks as well as tasks providing emergency care in a control condition and while wearing a low back exoskeleton. While overall perception of the exoskeleton was positive, EMTs did not perceive the low back exoskeleton to be useful for their job.
Privacy, Security, and Usability Tradeoffs of Telehealth from Practitioners’ Perspectives
Authors: Tazi Faiza , Nandakumar Archana , Dykstra Josiah , Rajivan Prashanth , Das Sanchari
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the healthcare sector, with telehealth services being among the most prominent changes. The adoption of telehealth services, however, has raised new challenges, particularly in the areas of security and privacy. To better comprehend the telehealth needs and concerns of medical professionals, particularly those in private practice, we conducted a study comprised of 20 semi-structured interviews with telehealth practitioners in audiology and speech therapy. Our findings indicate that private telehealth practitioners encounter difficult choices when it comes to balancing security, privacy, usability, and accessibility, particularly while caring for vulnerable populations. Additionally, the study revealed that practitioners face challenges in ensuring HIPAA compliance due to inadequate resources and a lack of technological comprehension. Policymakers and healthcare providers should take proactive measures to address these challenges, including offering resources and training to ensure HIPAA compliance and enhancing technology infrastructure to support secure and accessible telehealth.