bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTOELECTRONIC STUDY OF DOUBLE PEROVSKITE Rb2SnBr6: A FIRST PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS
Authors: ABDUR RAZZAQ MD. , ISLAM TARIKUL
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research work is to investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of double perovskite Rb2SnBr6 by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated lattice parameter is in sensible agreement with the on the market experimental information. From Paugh’s ductility index (B/G), it shows that Rb2SnBr6 is brittle at ambient conditions. The Zener anisotropy factor confirms the anisotropic nature of this compound. The calculated energy band structures indicate that Rb2SnBr6 is a direct band gap semiconductor, with the band gap of 1.228 eV using PBE potentials. In this work, the optical properties such as dielectric constants, refractive index, conductivity, extinction coefficient, loss function, and reflectivity have been studied and reported for radiation up to 20 eV. It is found that the reflectivity is about 50% in the ultraviolet (UV) region regions up to ~11 eV of incident radiation in the ultraviolet region.
Hierarchically assembled helicates as reaction platform – from stoichiometric Diels–Alder reactions to enamine catalysis
Authors: Van Craen David , Begall Jenny , Großkurth Johannes , Himmel Leonard , Linnenberg Oliver , Isaak Elisabeth , Albrecht Markus
Published: September 2020

The stereoselectivity of a Diels–Alder reaction within the periphery of hierarchically assembled titanium(IV) helicates formed from mixtures of achiral, reactive and chiral, unreactive ligands was investigated in detail. Following the pathway of the chiral induction, the chiral ligands, solvents as well as substituents at the dienophile were carefully varied. Based on the results of the stoichiometric reaction, a secondary amine-catalyzed nitro-Michael reaction is performed as well which afforded reasonable diastereoselectivities.
Aplikasi Metode Sukacita (Susun Angka Ciptakan Cerita) Dalam Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas 1
Authors: Agustin Septiana
Published: September 2020

This study aims to apply innovative learning methods. New methods that are expected to provide references for teachers, especially low-class teachers. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques are based on observations that cover several aspects. Observations are carried out in stages by comparing classes that apply the new method and those that do not. The data analysis technique is done by qualifying the observational data. The research results are shown based on observations by the teacher during the learning activities. There are differences when learning with the same material, but delivered by different methods. That is because the new method has several advantages, among others: children are more enthusiastic to play together, familiarize children with tolerance by not picking friends, class conditions more orderly, creating a pleasant atmosphere, and training children to work while learning in group dynamics.
When Doesn'T Formal Planning Enhance the Performance of Government Projects?
Authors: Zwikael Ofer
Published: September 2020

The public service faces an increased number of complex projects. Literature argues that adapting an effective planning strategy is important to enhance their performance. In particular, organizations need to enhance project planning as risk levels rise. This theory has received support in the private sector where firms are adaptable in their planning practices, for example invest more resources in planning when facing projects with higher levels of risk. However, lack of adaptability together with poor risk management raise questions regarding the effectiveness of this theory in the public sector. A study of 992 projects confirmed that managers in the public sector do not adapt their planning efforts to the risk levels they face. Results further suggest that managers in the public sector should follow formal planning procedures in high-risk projects, but keep to a flexible planning strategy (e.g., Agile) in low-risk situations. We suggest that government departments use a planning strategy that is appropriate to the risk levels of their projects.
Getting beyond Economic Stimulation: The Effects of Gubernatorial Partisan Commitment, Federal Resources and Regulatory Requirements on Final Performance Goal Achievement in Stimulus Grants
Authors: Terman Jessica N.
Published: September 2020

Like many other national governments, the United States federal government has a history of using local level implementation structures to stimulate the economy. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) is one case in point. The federal government funneled upwards of $800 billion dollars to states and local governments through what were mostly preexisting programs and institutions in the hopes that shovel-ready projects would be promptly funded and successfully implemented. A key feature of this strategic spending and the research conducted around it is that recipient governments spend down this money as soon as possible. This delay made many question the efficacy of the ARRA. Yet, there is more to program performance than the lack of economic stimulation caused by implementation delay. This study asks the following question: When the media attention and politicization of the spending has died down, what factors influence whether the program meets its performance goals (even though it might have experienced considerable implementation delay)? This question is investigated using the Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) – as funded by the ARRA.
How God Knows Counterfactuals of Freedom
Authors: Mooney Justin
Published: September 2020

One problem for Molinism that critics of the view have pressed, and which Molinists have so far done little to address, is that even if there are true counterfactuals of freedom, it is puzzling how God could possibly know them. I defuse this worry by sketching a plausible model of the mechanics of middle knowledge which draws on William Alston’s direct acquaintance account of divine knowledge.
Determining the Need for Explanation
Authors: Jakobsen Martin
Published: September 2020

Several theistic arguments are formulated as arguments for the best explanation. This article discusses how one can determine that some phenomenon actually needs an explanation. One way to demonstrate that an explanation is needed is by providing one. The proposed explanation ought to either make the occurrence of the phenomenon in question more probable than it occurring by chance, or it has to sufficiently increase our understanding of the phenomenon. A second way to demonstrate that an explanation is needed is to show that the phenomenon in question both violates our expectations and is particularly noticeable.
X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Microcalorimeter Era. II. A New Diagnostic on Column Density from the Case A to B Transition in H- and He-like Iron
Authors: Chakraborty P. , Ferland G. J. , Chatzikos M. , Guzmán F. , Su Y.
Published: September 2020

The Soft X-ray Spectrometer on board Hitomi, with the unprecedented resolving power of R ∼ 1250, allowed the detection of members of the Fe xxv Kα complex emission spectra from the center of the Perseus Cluster. In this paper, we introduce a novel method of measuring the column density using the optically thin (Case A) to optically thick (Case B) transition for one- and two-electron systems. We compare the Fe xxv K α line ratios computed with CLOUDY with that from the Hitomi observations in the outer region of the Perseus core using collision strengths from different atomic data sets, and obtain good agreement. We also show the effect of turbulence on Fe xxv Kα line ratios and interplay between column density and metallicity. Additionally, we discuss the atomic number dependence of transition probabilities for allowed and unallowed transitions, which causes highly charged He-like systems, such as Fe xxv, to behave fundamentally differently from He i.
Investigation of Coronal Properties of X-Ray Bright G-dwarf Stars Based on the Solar Surface Magnetic Field–Corona Relationship
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Shimura Takuma , Yoshida Atsushi , Kunitomo Masanobu , Tanaka Yuki A. , Ishihara Daisuke
Published: September 2020

We investigated the coronal properties of G-dwarf stars including the Sun over a wide range of X-ray luminosity L
X (3 × 1026 to 2 × 1030 erg s−1). We analyzed the archival data of 10 X-ray bright (L
X > 1028 erg s−1) G-dwarf stars to derive their emission measure (EM) and the coronal temperature (T) during the periods when no prominent stellar flares were observed. We attempted to explain the relation on the basis of our understanding of the present Sun: a steady corona model based on the so-called Rosner-Tucker-Vaiana (RTV) scaling laws and the observed power-law distribution function of surface magnetic features. We derived a theoretical scaling law of the EM–T relation for a star with multiple active regions, and applied it to the observations combined with data in the literature. We found that with the solar parameters, our scaling law seems to be consistent with the data of slowly rotating stars. However, more X-ray-bright stars are located well above the scaling law based on the solar parameter. The scaling law may explain the observations if those stars show a power-law distribution function of active regions with the same power-law index but a 10–100 times larger coefficient. This suggests that X-ray bright stars show more active regions for a given size than the Sun. Since our samples include rapidly rotating stars, we infer that the offset of the X-ray bright stars from the present Sun-based scaling law is due to the enhancement of the surface magnetic field generation by their rapid rotation.
Low-level Carbon Monoxide Line Polarization in Two Protoplanetary Disks: HD 142527 and IM Lup
Authors: Stephens Ian W. , Fernández-López Manuel , Li Zhi-Yun , Looney Leslie W. , Teague Richard
Published: September 2020

Magnetic fields are expected to play an important role in accretion processes for circumstellar disks. However, measuring the magnetic field morphology is difficult, especially when given that polarimetric (sub)millimeter continuum observations may not trace the fields in most disks. The Goldreich–Kylafis effect suggests that line polarization is perpendicular or parallel to the magnetic field direction. We attempt to observe CO(2−1), 13CO(2−1), and C18O(2−1) line polarization toward HD 142527 and IM Lup, which are large and bright protoplanetary disks. We use spatial averaging and spectral integration to search for signals in both disks, and we detect a potential CO(2−1) Stokes Q signal toward both disks. The total CO(2−1) polarization fractions are 1.57% ± 0.18% and 1.01% ± 0.10% for HD 142527 and IM Lup, respectively. Our Monte Carlo simulations indicate that these signals are marginal. We also stack Stokes parameters based on the Keplerian rotation, but no signal was found. Across the disk traced by dust of HD 142527, the 3σ upper limits for

at 05 (∼80 au) resolution are typically less than 3% for CO(2−1) and 13CO(2−1) and 4% for C18O(2−1). For IM Lup the 3σ upper limits for these three lines are typically less than 3%, 4%, and 12%, respectively. Upper limits based on our stacking technique are up to a factor of ∼10 lower, although stacking areas can potentially average out small-scale polarization structure. We also compare our continuum polarization at 1.3 mm to observations at 870 μm from previous studies. The polarization in the northern dust trap of HD 142527 shows a significant change in morphology and an increase in

as compared to 870 μm. For IM Lup, the 1.3 mm polarization may be more azimuthal and has a higher

than at 870 μm.
Structural Evolution in Massive Galaxies at z ∼ 2
Authors: Tadaki Ken-ichi , Belli Sirio , Burkert Andreas , Dekel Avishai , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Genzel Reinhard , Hayashi Masao , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Kodama Tadayuki , Kohno Kotaro , Koyama Yusei , Lee Minju M. , Lutz Dieter , Mowla Lamiya , Nelson Erica J. , Renzini Alvio , Suzuki Tomoko L. , Tacconi Linda J. , Übler Hannah , Wisnioski Emily , Wuyts Stijn
Published: September 2020

We present 0.″2 resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations at 870 μm in a stellar mass–selected sample of 85 massive (

) star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at

in the CANDELS/3D-Hubble Space Telescope fields of UDS and GOODS-S. We measure the effective radius of the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) emission for 62 massive SFGs. They are distributed over wide ranges of FIR size from

to

. The effective radius of the FIR emission is smaller by a factor of

than the effective radius of the optical emission and is smaller by a factor of

than the half-mass radius. Taking into account potential extended components, the FIR size would change only by ∼10%. By combining the spatial distributions of the FIR and optical emission, we investigate how galaxies change the effective radius of the optical emission and the stellar mass within a radius of 1 kpc,

. The compact starburst puts most of the massive SFGs on the mass–size relation for quiescent galaxies (QGs) at z ∼ 2 within 300 Myr if the current star formation activity and its spatial distribution are maintained. We also find that within 300 Myr, ∼38% of massive SFGs can reach the central mass of

, which is around the boundary between massive SFGs and QGs. These results suggest an outside-in transformation scenario in which a dense core is formed at the center of a more extended disk, likely via dissipative in-disk inflows. Synchronized observations at ALMA 870 μm and James Webb Space Telescope 3–4 μm will explicitly verify this scenario.
To Power the X-Ray Plateaus of Gamma-Ray Bursts through Larger Amplitude Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Du Shuang
Published: September 2020

The origin of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) X-ray plateau, especially the internal plateau, is still unclear, but it could be related to a GRB’s magnetar central engine. It is generally believed that the spin-down power of the magnetar is injected into forward external shock; however, we propose here that most of the power will be dissipated behind the GRB jet through a larger amplitude electromagnetic wave. Based on this proposal, the relevant physical conditions and observational implications are analyzed and discussed, and various kinds of X-ray light curves could be reproduced. Although the chromatic multiband afterglow in the standard external afterglow fireball model is still a matter of debate, we can naturally explain this feature through this proposal, i.e., the electrons generating the X-ray plateau and emitting the optical afterglow are accelerated by different mechanisms. It is emphasized that both the GRB jet and the spin-down wind should have significant observational consequences in the magnetar scenario, and should be focused equally in GRB physics.
Reaction Rate Sensitivity of the Production of γ-Ray Emitting Isotopes in Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Hermansen Kirby , Couch Sean M. , Roberts Luke F. , Schatz Hendrik , Warren MacKenzie L.
Published: September 2020

Radioactive isotopes produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) provide useful insights into the underlying processes driving the collapse mechanism and the origins of elemental abundances. Their study generates a confluence of major physics research, including experimental measurements of nuclear reaction rates, astrophysical modeling, and γ-ray observations. Here we identify the key nuclear reaction rates to the nucleosynthesis of observable radioactive isotopes in explosive silicon burning during CCSNe. Using the nuclear reaction network calculator SkyNet and current REACLIB reaction rates, we evolve temperature–density–time profiles of the innermost 0.45 M
⊙ ejecta from the core collapse and explosion of a 12 M
⊙ star. Individually varying 3403 reaction rates by factors of 100, we identify 141 reactions that cause significant differences in the isotopes of interest, namely, 43K, 47Ca, 44,47Sc, 44Ti, 48,51Cr, 48,49V, 52,53Mn, 55,59Fe, 56,57Co, and 56,57,59Ni. For each of these reactions, we present a novel method to extract the temperature range pertinent to the nucleosynthesis of the relevant isotope; the resulting temperatures lie within the range T = 0.47–6.15 GK. Limiting the variations to within 1σ of STARLIB reaction rate uncertainties further reduces the identified reactions to 48 key rates, which can be used to guide future experimental research. Complete results are presented in tabular form.
Rare and endangered vegetation and vascular plants in canyon “Gorodskaya shchel' (Town Crack)" (Town Crack)" in southern part of Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region, Russia)
Authors: Koroleva NE , Kopeina EI
Published: September 2020

Rare and endangered habitat types and vascular plant species were studied in the canyon associated with slope cirque “Gorodskaya shchel' (Town Crack)" in the southern part of Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region). Habitat types are interpreted based on a phytosociological approach (Braun-Blanquet classification). Habitat type “D4.2. Basic mountain flushes and streamsides, with a rich arctic-montane flora" of the Emerald Network (partly coincides with type 3220 “Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks" of Council Directive 92/43/EEC) includes two associations:Mniobryo–Epilobietum hornemanniiNordhagen 1943 of allianceMniobryo–Epilobion hornemanniiNordhagen 1943, сlassMontio–CardamineteaBr.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944, andOxyrietum digynaeGjaerevoll 1956 of allianceSaxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynaeGjaerevoll 1956, classSalicetea herbaceaeBr.-Bl. 1948. Habitat type “H2.6 Ultra-basic screes of warm exposures" of the Emerald Network is represented by community typeRacomitriumspp.–Ranunculus glacialis(classThlaspietea rotundifolii). These habitats harbor a number of Red Data Book species: 16 rare vascular plants including two species of the Red Data Book of Russia, four species of Red Data Book of Murmansk Region and ten species which need special attention to their state in the natural environment if the Murmansk Region occurred in the studied canyon, cirque and nearest surroundings. As the area is out of the borders of National Park “Khibiny" and has high conservation value, it is necessary to establish here the botanical nature monument.
Enfants-maîtres
Authors: Fryd Adela
Published: September 2020

Les enfants-maîtres sont des enfants qui se présentent sans symptômes. Ce qui les caractérise, c’est une capricieuse tyrannie. Celle-ci fait valoir la puissance d’un « je veux » qui n’accepte ni les termes de la frustration ni ceux du manque, les enfermant ainsi dans une moicracie sans fissures. Par le biais de la description de cas cliniques, nous exposons la tentative d’une écoute psychanalytique adéquate qui a pour but de pénétrer la carapace de ces enfants presque imperturbables. Ces enfants, en effet, ne se posent pas de questions, ils ne sont pas non plus disposés à remettre en question leur dire ou leurs actes.
Le disque, agent d’une subversion intégrale de la musique de tradition orale
Authors: Fariji Anis
Published: September 2020

L’introduction du disque dans le domaine de la tradition musicale orale y opère une rupture tout aussi abrupte qu’intégrale. D’un côté, en tant qu’instance d’objectivation, l’enregistrement ébranle le statut ontologique de la forme musicale orale ; celle‑ci, en étant fixée sur le support technique, acquiert une réalité matérielle propre et peut dès lors s’affranchir du milieu traditionnel dans lequel elle demeurait enclose. D’un autre côté, en sa qualité de marchandise, le disque porte ce renversement ontologique à une dimension universelle, en conséquence de quoi la forme musicale incorpore les effets de la marchandisation massive. Il s’ensuit d’une telle subversion un phénomène esthétique de désenchantement. Cet article analyse ce phénomène dans le contexte culturel du monde arabe à travers trois aspects symptomatiques : 1. une rationalité esthétique accrue ; 2. l’intrusion de l’hétérogène dans la forme musicale ; 3. la réification esthétique. Il se réfère en cela à la pensée de la Théorie critique, et plus particulièrement à certaines catégories développées par Walter Benjamin et Theodor Adorno.
مرسوم للسلطان الغوري
Authors: جرجس مجدي
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to edit and study a unique unknown decree of al-Ġūrī (1501‑1516 AD). The document is of great importance for the Diplomatics and History disciplines; especially the Mamluk Studies. This decree has special features that allow us to elaborate the minutes of drafting such documents, and how to use it in writing history. However, the diplomatical study (description of the document, its history at the host archive, and the detailed study of its form and context) showed significant aspects of its content and circumstances. On the other hand, the text sheds more light in al‑Ġūrī era, and the history of the churches, monasteries, and the Coptic community at whole.
Glaucoma Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Oza Meet Ganpatlal , Rani Geeta , Dhaka Vijaypal Singh
Published: September 2020

The increase in use of ICT tools and decrease in physical activities has increased the risk of disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, myopia, hypermetropia, etc. These disorders make the person more prone to eye disease such as glaucoma. The actual causes of glaucoma are still unknown. But the study of medical literature reveals that the factors such as intraocular pressure, thyroid, diabetics, eye injuries, eye surgeries, ethnic background, and myopia makes the person more prone to glaucoma. The difficulty in early detection make it an invisible thief of sight. Therefore, it is the demand of the day to design a system for its early detection. The aim of this chapter is to develop a convolutional neural network model “GlaucomaDetector” for detection of glaucoma at an early stage. The evaluation of the model on the publicly available dataset reports the accuracy of 99% for prediction of glaucoma from the input images of retina. This may prove a useful tool for doctors for quick prediction of glaucoma at an early stage. Thus, it can minimize the risk of blindness in patients.
Artificial Bee Colony-Based Associative Classifier for Healthcare Data Diagnosis
Authors: Nandhini M. , Sivanandam S. N. , Renugadevi S.
Published: September 2020

Data mining is likely to explore hidden patterns from the huge quantity of data and provides a way of analyzing and categorizing the data. Associative classification (AC) is an integration of two data mining tasks, association rule mining, and classification which is used to classify the unknown data. Though association rule mining techniques are successfully utilized to construct classifiers, it lacks in generating a small set of significant class association rules (CARs) to build an accurate associative classifier. In this work, an attempt is made to generate significant CARs using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, an optimization technique to construct an efficient associative classifier. Associative classifier, thus built using ABC discovered CARs achieve high prognostic accurateness and interestingness value. Promising results were provided by the ABC based AC when experiments were conducted using health care datasets from the UCI machine learning repository.
Story Summarization Using a Question-Answering Approach
Authors: Sayyed Sanah Nashir , C. Namrata Mahender
Published: September 2020

Summarization is the process of selecting representative data to produce a reduced version of the given data with a minimal loss of information; so, it generally works on text, images, videos, and speech data. The chapter deals with not only concepts of text summarization (types, stages, issues, and criteria) but also with applications. The two main categories of approaches generally used in text summaries (i.e., abstractive and extractive) are discussed. Abstractive techniques use linguistic methods to interpret the text; they produce understandable and semantically equivalent sentences with a shorter length. Extractive techniques mostly rely on statistical methods for extracting essential sentences from the given text. In addition, the authors explore the SACAS model to exemplify the process of summarization. The SACAS system analyzed 50 stories, and its evaluation is presented in terms of a new measurement based on question-answering MOS, which is also introduced in this chapter.
Pronominal Anaphora Resolution on Spanish Text
Authors: García Alonso , González Martha Victoria , López-Orozco Francisco , Zamora Lucero
Published: September 2020

Recent technological advances have allowed the development of numerous natural language processing applications with which users frequently interact. When interacting with this type of application, users often search for the economy of words, which promotes the use of pronouns, thereby highlighting the well-known anaphora problem. This chapter describes a proposal to approach the pronominal anaphora for the Spanish language. A set of rules (based on the Eagle standard) was designed to identify the referents of personal pronouns through the structure of the grammatical tags of the words. The proposed algorithm uses the online Freeling service to perform tokenization and tagging tasks. The performance of the algorithm was compared with an online version of Freeling, and the proposed algorithm shows better performance.
Text Summarization and Its Types
Authors: Kumari Namrata , Singh Pardeep
Published: September 2020

Text summarization is a compressing technique of the original text to form a summary which will provide the same meaning and information as provided by the original version. Summarizer helps in saving time and increasing efficiency. This chapter gives the full insight of text summarizers, which can be categorized based on methodology, function and target reader, dimension, and language. Various researches have been conducted in the field of text summarization using different approaches. Consequently, the chapter aims to provide an overview of how text summarizers work with different methods and state their domain-oriented applications. Additionally, the authors discuss multi-lingual text summarization in detail. This chapter focuses on showing the effectiveness and shortcomings of text summarization approaches by comparing them.
Opinion Mining for Instructor Evaluations at the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez
Authors: Jiménez Rafael , García Vicente , López Abraham , Mendoza Carreón Alejandra , Ponce Alan
Published: September 2020

The Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez performs an instructor evaluation each semester to find strengths, weaknesses, and areas of opportunity during the teaching process. In this chapter, the authors show how opinion mining can be useful for labeling student comments as positives and negatives. For this purpose, a database was created using real opinions obtained from five professors of the UACJ over the last four years, covering a total of 20 subjects. Natural language processing techniques were used on the database to normalize its data. Experimental results using 1-NN and Bagging classifiers shows that it is possible to automatically label positive and negative comments with an accuracy of 80.13%.
Software Testing Under Agile, Scrum, and DevOps
Authors: Pal Kamalendu , Karakostas Bill
Published: September 2020

The adoption of agility at a large scale often requires the integration of agile and non-agile development practices into hybrid software development and delivery environment. This chapter addresses software testing related issues for Agile software application development. Currently, the umbrella of Agile methodologies (e.g. Scrum, Extreme Programming, Development and Operations – i.e., DevOps) have become the preferred tools for modern software development. These methodologies emphasize iterative and incremental development, where both the requirements and solutions evolve through the collaboration between cross-functional teams. The success of such practices relies on the quality result of each stage of development, obtained through rigorous testing. This chapter introduces the principles of software testing within the context of Scrum/DevOps based software development lifecycle.
Traditional or Agile Contracting for Software Development
Authors: Payne Dinah
Published: September 2020

As the use of software is present in so many activities today, it is important for business in particular to be aware of challenges that may seem different today than before the prevalence of software in our lives. Agile project management is one example: this more recent and nimble approach to software development presents its own challenges. Fortunately, the guiding legal principles related to traditional contract formation and execution are based in principles of fairness and equity, making the customization of legal principles to Agile contracting a reasonable endeavor. This chapter presents basic contract law and such law as it more specifically relates to contracts dealing with Agile software development.
Learning Scrum
Authors: Bourdeau Simon , Romero-Torres Alejandro , Petit Marie-Claude
Published: September 2020

The LEGO®-Scrum simulation-based training (SBT) described here shows how LEGO® bricks can help professionals learn first-hand about Scrum methodology, an Agile approach to software development projects. The chapter's objectives are 1) to present the modalities of the LEGO®-Scrum SBT, 2) to demonstrate how LEGO® bricks can help professionals learn, first-hand, about Scrum, and 3) to illustrate how this learning can be relevant and impactful for participants. Based on observations, interviews, and a data collection by questionnaire carried out with 198 participants, the proposed SBT appears to provide a significant, relevant, and valuable learning experience. In addition, four experienced Scrum masters and IT project managers, who played key roles in the SBT, argued that the LEGO®-Scrum SBT provides a realistic representation of real-world Scrum projects; that it is dynamic, complex, challenging, and motivating; and that participants' learning is evocative and relevant, since they learn by doing.
AF 447 as a Paradigmatic Accident
Authors: Chialastri Antonio
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the author presents a human factors problem for automation: why, when, and how automation has been introduced in the aviation domain; what problems arise from different ways of operating; and the possible countermeasures to limit faulty interaction between humans and machines. This chapter is divided into parts: definition of automation, its advantages in ensuring safety in complex systems such as aviation; reasons for the introduction of on-board automation, with a quick glance at the history of accidents in aviation and the related safety paradigms; ergonomics: displays, tools, human-machine interaction emphasizing the cognitive demands in high tempo and complex flight situations; illustration of the AF 447 case, a crash happened in 2009, which causes are linked to faulty human-machine interaction.
Analysis of Decision-Making of Operators in Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Shmelova Tetiana , Sikirda Yuliya
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the authors present Air Navigation System (ANS) as a Socio-technical System (STS). The evolution of Human factor's models is presented (from 1972 to present time) and the role of society in human factor (HF) models is defined. The authors made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The authors obtained the results of the evaluation of non-professional factors: determination the social-psychological impact on DM of human-operator (H-O) by identifying the preferences; diagnosing individual-psychological qualities of H-O ANS in the development of flight situation; monitoring of the psycho-physiological factors as emotional state H-O ANS. Authors demonstrate some interesting advantages offered by the new methodology of forecasting the behavior of the operator in emergency situation (ES).
Drones to the Rescue
Authors: Tatham Peter
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers the potential operation of long-range drones to support the logistic response to a natural disaster using a case study of Cyclone Pam that struck Tafea Province of Vanuatu in March 2015. It provides an overview of how the core capabilities of such drones might be employed in order to overcome the key challenge facing humanitarian logisticians responding to such disasters – namely that of understanding the 6W problem of “who wants what where when and why.” The chapter then discusses the people, process, and technology issues that would need to be overcome in order to operationalize the concept.
Socio-Technical Approaches for Optimal Organizational Performance
Authors: Shmelova Tetiana , Sikirda Yuliya
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, the authors present a socio-technical system for optimal organizational performance at aviation enterprises such as air navigation system as socio-technical system. The authors made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The authors obtained the results of the evaluation of non-professional factors: determination of the social-psychological impact on decision making of human-operator by identifying the preferences for organizational performance. The structural analysis of internal and external management environment of aviation enterprise was carried out. And, as follows from the analysis, inhomogeneous factors that influence the aviation activity were classified, formalized, and systematically generalized using set-theoretical approach. The influence of factors of internal and external management environment on the aviation enterprise's activity was determined.
The Educational and Academic Innovation of the Avionics Engineering Center
Authors: Proletarsky Andrey V. , Neusypin Konstantin A. , Shen Kai
Published: September 2020

Research directions for carrying out scientific works are presented within the Avionics Engineering Center at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The structure of Avionics Engineering Center is illustrated and prospective areas of working are highlighted. Methods on implementation of perspective scientific research and educational programs are developed for innovative development of the Avionics Engineering Center. Symbiosis of new developed programs allows training and getting a set of better quality specialists and innovative technologies in the defense and aerospace industry.
Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Deliver Medical and Emergency Supplies to Remote Areas
Authors: Henderson Isaac Levi , Reweti Savern L. , Kamira Robyn
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines the role of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the delivery of medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. It outlines a number of potential considerations for operators wishing to use UAVs to deliver medical and emergency supplies to remote areas. These considerations address a number of practicalities in terms of the organisation that is wishing to conduct such operations, the operations themselves, and the technology that is used for such operations. These considerations primarily stem from the nature of the international regulatory framework for unmanned aircraft operations and the peculiarities of using a UAV to deliver medical and emergency supplies. The chapter will outline some of the practicalities that have been worked through or are being worked through during a project to deliver medical and emergency supplies in Northland, New Zealand. This will provide readers with examples of some of the real-world considerations that operators face as well as outline the positive community impact that such operations can provide.
Operations Research Problems for Airline Industry
Authors: Sahin Mehmet Anil , Tuzkaya Gulfem
Published: September 2020

Maintenance routing is one of the most complicated problems of operations research applications for airline industry. In this study, airline industry operations' main applications and subjects are basically mentioned and literature is briefly reviewed. This study is conducted under the headings of; Fleet Assignment, Aircraft Routing, Maintenance Routing and Crew Scheduling. Additionally, network models are explained basically on an example flight program. This study's purpose is to be a guide for the new researchers of this area through operations research applications for airline industry and to introduce maintenance routing problem literature.
Delivery of Special Cargoes Using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Marintseva Kristina , Yun Gennadiy , Vasilenko Igor
Published: September 2020

This chapter presents the role, functions, and prospects of civil unmanned aerial vehicles development, as well as technical and regulatory barriers to the introduction of unmanned aircraft into special cargo transportation technology. The authors' main idea is that the degree of UAV involvement in freight traffic will continue to grow rapidly as the range of UAV flight and carrying capacity increases, and the air law is liberalized. It is proposed to evaluate the economic efficiency of UAV application and their share in the market for the transportation of urgent and perishable goods using the methodology based on the principles of logistics and mathematical modeling. In the formulated model, the process of special cargoes delivery by unmanned aerial vehicles is integrated into the supply chain by all modes of transport along the set route network, taking into account the requirements formulated by the freight forwarder, carrier, and logistics company.
Teacher Motivation and Constructivist Teaching Activities in Blended Learning Environments
Authors: Machumu Haruni J.
Published: September 2020

University teachers' motives to engage in blended learning environments embody notable strategic aspects for knowledge construction based on individual teaching experiences and teacher education programs related to innovative hybrid pedagogy. This chapter presents blended learning teaching processes (instruction) in the context of Tanzania higher education using some data from ten higher education institutions. The chapter examines teachers' motivational factors and their engaging constructivist teaching activities in blended learning environments. Mixed methods research with exploratory research design was used to collect data from 121 teachers in six universities. The results reveal that teacher motivational factors are notable predictors of their engaging constructivist teaching activities in blended learning environments. Intrinsic motivational factor among teachers in blended learning environments is thus reinforced and suggested as university teachers aspire to enhance their engaging constructivist teaching activities.
Faculty Feedback Regarding the Usability of Microsoft PowerPoint as a Multimedia Authoring Tool
Authors: Francique Christopher
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify faculty feedback, regarding their usage of Microsoft PowerPoint (PPT) in an innovative way: to create multimedia content apart from presentations. The research provided an insight into the eagerness and willingness of faculty to use PowerPoint to create multimedia content for their courses. Despite the fact that none of the participants in the study ever used PPT to create multimedia artefacts such as graphics and interactive quizzes, the data revealed a sense of ease and comfort in participants as they used PPT to create the artefacts. This study posits that this may have occurred due to the familiarity that faculty have with PPT to do presentations. The study was able to identify challenges that would impede the faculty engaging in content creation with PPT beyond the study and prescribed possible solutions to mitigate against the expressed challenges.
A Case Study Into the Effects of Implementing Web-Based Instructional Technology in a Primary School Classroom in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Mohammed Gena Mae
Published: September 2020

Redesigning teaching for the 21st century in Trinidad and Tobago involves several mechanisms to be put in place to ensure our students are equipped with competencies and skills to lead a sustainable life. One such mechanism is the implementation of computer and web-based technologies in the public primary school classroom. Traditionally, computers are not used within the classroom for learning; neither are computing nor Information Communication Technology (ICT) taught as subject areas. The case study presented in this chapter explores the effects of implementing web-based technology into classroom instruction. Specifically, it was implemented into the Language Arts classroom to help students to develop grammar skills in their writing tasks. The research found three effects: 1) an established technological infrastructure needs to be in place for successful implementation, 2) the role of technology on student learning, and 3) the influence of technology on student behavior in the classroom.
Leadership in Higher Education
Authors: Esen Ülkühan Bike
Published: September 2020

The undeniable effect of education on economic development has also increased the importance of the success in higher education. The success of a higher education institution depends not only on the success of the academics it has, but also its leaders. These leaders in higher education institutions are referred as “academic leaders.”.Academic leaders are leaders who motivate academics in universities, faculties, or departments and provide challenging opportunities as well as creating appropriate academic environments for academics to improve themselves. Academic leaders have more responsibilities than business leaders. Because their success or failure affects not only a business but also the whole society, this broad influence of academic leaders requires further examination of the issue. This requirement is the basis of this chapter. The aim of this chapter is firstly to define academic leadership and then to emphasize the strategies that can be applied to the success of academic leadership.
Leading Transformational Experiences for K-8 Teachers
Authors: Ansell Roseanne Elizabeth , Morales Wendy Gray , Kuras Anne , Requa Christina Marie , Mulvaney Tracy
Published: September 2020

School and district leaders have recognized that traditional educational practices such as “one and done” professional development and “drill and kill” standardized test preparation are not meeting the needs of adult and young learners. Schools all over the world are now starting to embrace innovative programs that focus on reflection, engagement, and overall well-being of staff and students. This chapter focuses on the role of teacher leaders in launching innovative programs that lead to long lasting positive change in their schools. These educators are also completing a doctoral program in educational leadership at Monmouth University where a key component is the implementation of a transformative learning project (TLP). The four diverse transformational experiences discussed in this chapter stemmed from initiatives focused on global citizenship education, mindfulness, teacher induction training to improve self-efficacy and “open classrooms” for job-embedded learning. These initiatives all intend to improve outcomes for teachers through various types of professional development activities led by teacher leaders and supported by school and district level administrators.
Inducing Long-Term, Positive Behavior Change
Authors: Tranchina Derek , Terenfenko Charles , Mulvaney Tracy
Published: September 2020

The focus of this chapter is to highlight two different transformational change initiatives in public schools that rely on student leadership to be effective. Both programs will explore effective ways to empower students as leaders, to make better social decisions, and to improve their attachment to school and community. One program involves a student-led technology club in a middle school. The goal of the club is to assist with the school's technology usage while also making a positive impact on participating students' achievement and attachment to school. The other program involves educating high school students on the risks of heroin and opioid addiction. Both programs seek to leverage student empowerment to induce long-term, positive behavior change in the students directly involved as well as those around them.
Technologies for Cross-Border E-Commerce
Authors: Saona Paolo , Akther Naznin , Al Mamun Md. Abdullah , Azad Md. Abul Kalam
Published: September 2020

Given deregulation and advances in technology worldwide, cross-border e-commerce is the next move for any business venture regardless of its size. From corner shops to giant multinational organizations, every business venture is now addressing the online demand of customers at home and abroad. Many developed and emerging countries have already been rallying for a transparent and sustainable online business environment to achieve the full potential of cross-border e-commerce. This chapter describes the technologies that enable cross-border e-commerce.
Digital Marketing
Authors: Gani Mohammad Osman , Faroque Anisur Rahman
Published: September 2020

The current innovation of marketing embraces digital platforms. Digital marketing has become the successor to the economic development of many countries. This chapter intends to depict how to harness the power of digital marketing strategies as a driver of marketing activities. This chapter will navigate and provide an overview on search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), web analytics, social media marketing platforms (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, WeChat, Line, Twitter, Snapchat, etc.), e-mail marketing, mobile marketing, and display advertising and discuss the consequences of different digital marketing platforms. This chapter will navigate and thrive on how the fast-growing world of marketing develops strategy and content for communication.
Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things in Cross-Border E-Commerce
Authors: Ilmudeen Aboobucker
Published: September 2020

Today, the terms big data, artificial intelligence, and internet of things (IoT) are many-fold as these are linked with various applications, technologies, eco-systems, and services in the business domain. The recent industrial and technological revolution have become popular ever before, and the cross-border e-commerce activities are emerging very rapidly. As a result, it supports to the growth of economic globalization that has strategic importance for the advancement of e-commerce activities across the globe. In the business industry, the wide range applications of technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, and internet of things in cross-border e-commerce have grown exponential. This chapter systematically reviews the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and IoT in cross-border e-commerce and proposes a conceptually-designed smart-integrated cross-border e-commerce platform.