bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuromorphic Skin Based on Emerging Artificial Synapses
Authors: Lee Yeongjun , Oh Jin Young , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: June 2022

Neuromorphic skin is an emerging electronic skin that demonstrates sensory, memory, learning, and motor responses in a neuromorphic way by using advanced artificial synaptic devices that emulate the biological nervous system and its neural plasticity. Many types of artificial synapses that emulate brain‐inspired computing have been developed and are being integrated in electronic skin to demonstrate artificial sensory and motor nervous systems. The neuromorphic skin, which operates using voltage spikes thereof, precisely mimics the energy‐efficient information processing of biological nervous system in the brain and body and enables the implementation of power‐ and time‐efficient cognitive sensors and computing, biomimetic robotics and electronics, and biocompatible neuroprosthetics. Here, biological synapses and emerging artificial synapses are introduced, and recent research is reviewed on neuromorphic skins that use artificial synapses for sensing, memory, learning, and motor systems. Finally, the outlook and challenges to be addressed are provided for future advanced neuromorphic skin in which all neuromorphic parts are integrated with brain‐inspired computing and bioinspired robotics.
Evaluation of yield and agronomic performance of leafed and semi‐leafless pea blends
Authors: Shen Yanben , Johnson Eric N. , Syrovy Lena D. , Warkentin Thomas D. , Devini De Silva , Shirtliffe Steve J.
Published: June 2022

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) has two distinct leaf morphologies, leafed (L) and semi‐leafless (SL). Grown together, SL and L pea blends have better weed control and higher crop yield than sole crops of either leaf type. Previous studies have only investigated mixing leaf types from two distinct varieties, and therefore the blend could be affected by traits specific to each pea variety rather than the difference in leaf type. To determine if yield and agronomic improvement of pea leaf blends are due solely to leaf type, this study (a) compared leaf blends of near‐isogenic lines with the same varieties grown in monoculture, and (b) determined whether intercepted solar radiation, disease‐resistance, lodging performance, biomass, and yield were improved by growing a varietal mixture. Five field experiments tested all possible pairings of four near‐isogenic L and SL lines in a single ratio (75:25, SL/L), compared with monocultures (100% SL or 100% L). The results found that the leaf‐type blends had 11% less lodging than the L monoculture and had an 8.5% greater seed yield than the L monoculture in one variety. The near‐isogenic blends and non‐isogenic blends did not differ significantly for foliar disease, lodging, biomass, yield, and yield stability. Consequently, the exhaustive comparison of near‐isogenic or non‐isogenic blends grown under multiple environments indicates that SL and L pea blends have nonsignificant yield and agronomic advantages compared with SL monocultures.
The dual therapeutic effect of metformin nuclei‐based drugs modified with one of Tulbaghia violacea extract compounds
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Bedir Elaria A. , Hamza Abd El‐Rahman M. , Ahmed Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Nouran M. , Abd El‐Ghany Mahmoud S. , Khattab Nada N. , Emeira Bassant M. , Salama Mabrook M. , Mohamed Eman F. , Fayed Dalia B.
Published: June 2022

Novel Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of metformin with [4‐(Diethylamino) benzaldehyde (NBM). Different metal complexes were prepared using Pd (II), Pt (II), Cu (II), and V (IV) metal ions. All complexes showed the nonelectrolytic behavior. So, the expected molecular formulas for complexes were [Pd (NBM)Cl2], [Pt (NBM)Cl2], [Cu (NBM)2Cl2] and [VO (NBM)2]. The cytotoxicity of (NBM) Schiff base and its metal complexes on human cancer cell line, MCF‐7, was investigated. V (IV) and Cu (II) complexes showed potential blood glucose lowering effect higher than the commercial metformin drug. VO (II) complex has superior antioxidant activity more than the other synthesized compounds and the standard ascorbic acid. Molecular docking investigation proved the presence of interesting interactions between all synthesized compounds with the active site amino acids of EGFR tyrosine kinase (anticancer activity). The molecular docking of metal complexes has observed effective inhibition for the specific mTOR protein that is expected to aid the growth of the COVID‐19 virus.
Re‐irradiation in patients with progressive or recurrent brain metastases from extracranial solid tumors: A novel prognostic index
Authors: Gutierrez Torres Salvador , Maldonado Magos Federico , Turcott Jenny G. , Hernandez‐Martinez Juan‐Manuel , Cacho‐Díaz Bernardo , Cardona Andrés F. , Mota‐García Aida , Lozano Ruiz Francisco , Ramos‐Ramirez Maritza , Arrieta Oscar
Published: June 2022

Background

Most studies evaluating factors associated with the survival of patients with brain metastases (BM) have focused on patients with newly diagnosed BM. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors associated with survival after brain re‐irradiation in order to develop a new prognostic index.

Methods

This 5‐year retrospective study included patients treated with repeat‐radiotherapy for recurrent BM at the “Instituto Nacional de Cancerología” of Mexico between 2015 and 2019. Significant variables in the multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to create the brain re‐irradiation index (BRI). Survival and group comparisons were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log‐rank test.

Results

Fifty‐seven patients receiving brain re‐irradiation were identified. Most patients were women (75.4%) with a mean age at BM diagnosis of 51.4 years. Lung and breast cancer were the most prevalent neoplasms (43.9% each). Independent prognostic factors for shorter survival after re‐irradiation were: Age >50 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.5 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–5.8]; p = 0.026), uncontrolled primary tumor (HR:5.5 [95% CI, 2.2–13.5]; p < 0.001), lesion size >20 mm (4.6 [95% CI, 1.7–12.2]; p = 0.002), and an interval <12 months between radiation treatments (HR:4.3 [95% CI, 1.7–10.6]; p = 0.001). Median survival (MS) after re‐irradiation was 14.6 months (95% CI, 8.2–20.9).MS of patients stratified according to the BRI score was 17.38, 10.34, and 2.82 months, with significant differences between all groups.

Conclusions

The new BRI can be easily implemented for the prognostic classification of cancer patients with progressive or recurrent BM from extracranial solid tumors.
Evaluating requests for physician‐assisted suicide. A survey among German oncologists
Authors: Schildmann Jan , Cinci Marc , Kupsch Leonie , Oldenburg Michael , Wörmann Bernhard , Nadolny Stephan , Winkler Eva
Published: June 2022

Background

Cancer patients form a notable proportion of requestors for physician‐assisted suicide (PAS). This manuscript provides data on German oncologists' views concerning due criteria for the assessment of requests for PAS and quality assurance.

Methods

The German Society of Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) has conducted a survey among its members to elicit data about practices and views on regulating PAS in March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate logistic regression of quantitative data on socio‐demographic and other determinants possibly associated with respondents' views on PAS as well as content analysis of qualitative data were performed.

Results

About 57.1% (n = 425) of respondents (n = 745) indicated that they had been asked for information about PAS by patients. Information about palliative (92.7%; n = 651) and psychological care options (85.6%; n = 598) was deemed most important in cases of requests for PAS. More than half of the respondents (57.6%; n = 429) were in favour of a formal expert assessment of decisional capacity and about 33.4% (n = 249) favoured a time span of 14 days between the counselling and prescription of a lethal drug. There was no association between participants who received more requests and a preference for disclosing publicly their willingness to assist with suicide. A majority of respondents requested measures of quality assurance (71.3%; n = 531).

Conclusion

According to respondents' views, the regulation of PAS will require diligent procedures regarding the assessment of decisional capacity and counselling. The findings suggest that the development of adequate and feasible criteria to assess the quality of practices is an important task.
Impact of probiotics use on clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in cancer patients
Authors: Wan Luying , Wu Chunlan , Wu Qin , Luo Shuimei , Liu Junjin , Xie Xianhe
Published: June 2022

Background

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can lead to impaired therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to investigate the use of probiotics on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients receiving ICIs therapy.

Method

PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched to retrieve relevant studies that exploring the relationship between probiotics and the efficacy of ICIs. The primary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), evaluated by the hazard rations (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the secondary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), evaluated by the odd ratio (OR) with a 95% CI.

Results

A total of five studies including 1031 patients were eligible for analysis. Our results indicated that the use of probiotics was associated with a superior OS (HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.85, p = 0.01) and PFS (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42–0.61, p < 0.01), but had no relationship with ORR (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 0.51–8.65, p = 0.30) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Conclusions

Probiotics were positively correlated with OS and PFS in NSCLC patients administrated with ICIs, but had no relationship with ORR.
Supporting students’ career development: A call to action
Authors: Walker Becca , Bair Andrea R. , Macdonald R. Heather
Published: June 2022

Drawing from examples of career development initiatives implemented by SAGE 2YC Faculty Change Agents, this chapter illustrates the role of career development in supporting the success of all community college students and guides faculty, administrators, and professional societies on how to advance student career development on a variety of scales. Career development as an integral component of community college science courses has major implications for increasing the diversity of science professionals, conveying the importance of science and scientific literacy in career sectors within and outside of the sciences, reducing equity gaps in students’ career development as undergraduates, and facilitating skill‐building necessary for the workforce. We urge community college science faculty and administrators to consider the powerful impact that career skill‐building and career exploration have on students and encourage the adoption of career development activities at the classroom, program, and institutional levels.
Simple Controllable Fabrication of Novel Flower‐Like Hierarchical Porous NiO: Formation Mechanism, Shape Evolution and Their Application into Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Ying , Wu Yuwei , Cao Xiaoman , Cui Luxia , Chen Jiaqi , Wu Qiong , Liu Daliang , Sun Zhijia , Zhang Qingguo
Published: June 2022

The rational tailoring of micro‐ and mesoporous distribution for porous transition metal oxide‐based nanomaterials is an important factor to control their electrochemistry performances. Herein, flower‐like hierarchical microspheres assembled by ultrathin nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets were synthesized by a facile solvothermal route and subsequent annealing process. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that NiO ultrathin nanosheets prepared by calcination at 450 °C (N‐450) have the optimal micro‐ and mesoporous distribution. The optimal microstructure provides plenty of ion transport channels and abundant active sites. As expected, the N‐450 electrode delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 546.53 F g−1at a current density of 2 A g−1, which is greater than other electrodes. Remarkably, the assembled N‐450//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) achieves a high energy density of 29.7 Wh kg−1(at a power density of 800 W kg−1) and exhibits an excellent cycling stability. This work demonstrates an available avenue to enhance the performance of supercapacitor by accurately controlling calcination temperature to adjust the porous architectures of ultrathin NiO nanosheets.
Assessing salivary matrix metalloproteinase‐8 in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Memon Maaz A. , Aleem Benish , Memon Hifza A. , Lee Ka Y.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) is considered as one of the most promising diagnostic markers for periodontal disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been correlated with impaired collagen synthesis and an increase in periodontal tissue susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the impact of ADT on salivary MMP‐8 level and periodontal parameters, which might be useful in monitoring periodontal disease in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT.

Materials and Methods

A total of 88 subjects were selected and were divided into two groups: Group I included n = 78 PC patients who have been undergoing ADT); Group II included n = 10 healthy individuals. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were examined. The salivary MMP‐8 level was estimated by using the sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.

Results

Significant differences in mean salivary MMP‐8 level were found between PC patients undergoing ADT and healthy individuals. Salivary MMP‐8 levels of all individuals were positively correlated with GI, PI, PPD, and CAL. Salivary MMP‐8 can distinguish between periodontitis and healthy individuals with an accuracy of about 80%.

Conclusion

Salivary MMP‐8 levels were found to be higher in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT compared to healthy individuals.
Modified QuEChERS Method for Extracting Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid from Stingless Bees: Development, Application, and Green Metrics
Authors: Rahman Asma , Ali Mian Abdul , Xavier Chubraider , Santos Dayana Moscardi , Daam Michiel Adriaan , Azevedo Eduardo Bessa , Brigante Castele Janete , Vieira Eny Maria
Published: June 2022

In the present study, a method for the determination of residues of the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris Latreille (1811) was optimized through a factorial design, tested using green metrics, and then applied to exposed bees. It combines the extraction with a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and the determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Different parameters such as the mass of the sample, dispersive sorbents, and elution solvents were assessed. Method validation parameters were checked and include sensitivity, specificity, and linearity. The limit of quantification of 0.0025 μg g–1 was obtained for both insecticides, where accuracy was 94%–100% with satisfactory intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation <10%). The qualified method was applied to orally and topically exposed bee samples, and the results indicated that it is suitable for the determination and quantification of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in this species. Moreover, green analytical metrics like the National Environmental Methods Index, Eco Scale score, high-performance liquid chromatography with an environmental assessment tool (HPLC-EAT), waste generation, and amount of sample were compared with methods described in the literature involving neonicotinoid analysis in honeybees. As a result, the present study displayed the highest Eco Scale score and HPLC-EAT score and the second smallest amount of sample and waste generated. Thus, the method meets green analytical metrics more than other methods. In this sense, besides the application, the multicriteria decision analysis tool employed suggests that this is a good option as a green analytical method. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2365–2374. © 2022 SETAC

Abstract

Analysis of the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris using modified QuEChERS for extraction and green metrics.
Evaluation of the likelihood of flashover in room fires involving a flat screen TV and the effect of flame retardant treatment of the casing
Authors: Janssens Marc L. , Schluneker Alexandra M.
Published: June 2022

A study was performed to determine through computer fire modeling up to what extent a room fire in which a flat screen television is the first major item ignited is more likely to result in flashover if the television casing is not treated with flame retardants. This was accomplished by quantifying the risk of flashover in a living room or bedroom due to a fire in which a flat screen television is the first major item ignited, and by calculating the ratio of the risk measures for televisions with untreated casing versus those with flame retardant treated casing. This ratio is an indication of the increased likelihood of flashover should flame retardant treated television casings be replaced with untreated casings. The results of the risk quantification indicate that living room fires initiated with a flat screen television are between 4.2 and 15.2 times more likely to result in flashover when the casing is not treated with flame retardants compared to a flame retardant treated television. For fires in the (master) bedroom, the relative likelihood is between 4.1 and 15.5. The relative likelihood of flashover is slightly lower for apartments than for single family homes. The calculated ratio varies depending on the assumed probability that the ignition source is sufficiently severe to ignite a television with flame retardant treated casing.
Characterization of unusual iAMP21 B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (iAMP21‐ALL) from the Mayo Clinic and Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Koleilat Alaa , Smadbeck James B. , Zepeda‐Mendoza Cinthya J. , Williamson Cynthia M. , Pitel Beth A. , Golden Crystal L. , Xu Xinjie , Greipp Patricia T. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Hoppman Nicole L. , Peterson Jess F. , Harrison Christine J. , Akkari Yassmine M. N. , Tsuchiya Karen D. , Shago Mary , Baughn Linda B.
Published: June 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21‐ALL) represents a recurrent high‐risk cytogenetic abnormality and accurate identification is critical for appropriate clinical management. Identification of iAMP21‐ALL has historically relied on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a RUNX1 probe. Current classification requires ≥ five copies of RUNX1 per cell and ≥ three additional copies of RUNX1 on a single abnormal iAMP21‐chromosome. We sought to evaluate the performance of the RUNX1 probe in the identification of iAMP21‐ALL. This study was a retrospective evaluation of iAMP21‐ALL in the Mayo Clinic and Children's Oncology Group cohorts. Of 207 cases of iAMP21‐ALL, 188 (91%) were classified as “typical” iAMP21‐ALL, while 19 (9%) cases were classified as “unusual” iAMP21‐ALL. The “unusual” iAMP21 cases did not meet the current definition of iAMP21 by FISH but were confirmed to have iAMP21 by chromosomal microarray. Half of the “unusual” iAMP21‐ALL cases had less than five RUNX1 signals, while the remainder had ≥ five RUNX1 signals with some located apart from the abnormal iAMP21‐chromosome. Nine percent of iAMP21‐ALL cases fail to meet the FISH definition of iAMP21‐ALL demonstrating that laboratories are at risk of misidentification of iAMP21‐ALL when relying only on the RUNX1 FISH probe. Incorporation of chromosomal microarray testing circumvents these risks.
Flood disasters and health among the urban poor
Authors: Escobar Carías Michelle S. , Johnston David W. , Knott Rachel , Sweeney Rohan
Published: June 2022

Billions of people live in urban poverty, with many forced to reside in disaster‐prone areas. Research suggests that such disasters harm child nutrition and increase adult morbidity. However, little is known about impacts on mental health, particularly of people living in slums. In this paper we estimate the effects of flood disasters on the mental and physical health of poor adults and children in urban Indonesia. Our data come from the Indonesia Family Life Survey and new surveys of informal settlement residents. We find that urban poor populations experience increases in acute morbidities and depressive symptoms following floods, that the negative mental health effects last longer, and that the urban wealthy show no health effects from flood exposure. Further analysis suggests that worse economic outcomes may be partly responsible. Overall, the results provide a more nuanced understanding of the morbidities experienced by populations most vulnerable to increased disaster occurrence.
Chemical profiling of composite prescription caraway and quantification of three pairs isomeric components in caraway administered rat plasma by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wahefu Atikanmu , Abdulla Rahima , Lu Xueying , Liu Yongqiang , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: June 2022

Caraway, a well‐known traditional Uyghur medicine, has been used to treat vitiligo for centuries. Its biological effects on melanin synthesis of caraway have been investigated. However, beyond psoralen and isopsoralen alone, no further chemical component of caraway has been revealed. In this study, ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry was employed to comprehensively characterize the chemical components present in caraway. Based on accurate mass measurements, key fragmental ions and comparison with reference standards, 75 chemical components were identified in caraway. Moreover, a tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of three pairs isomeric components, namely psoralen/isopsoralen, bavachin/isobavachalcone and bavachromene/isobavachromene in rat plasma. Psoralen, isopsoralen, bavachin, and isobavachalcone showed linearity with concentration ranging of 1.0–500.0 ng/ml. The linear ranges for bavachromene and isobavachromene were 0.2–500.0 ng/ml. The accuracies were in ranges of 85%–115% with coefficient of variation errors of less than 15%. Furthermore, the method was applied to quantify the three pairs isomeric components in rats after oral administration of caraway.
A modular surgical simulator for microlaryngoscopy using standard instruments and the carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Bressler Sara E. , Adkins Lacey K. , Dunham Michael E. , Walvekar Rohan R. , Jung Jangwook P. , Belgodere Jorge A. , Bao Adam X. , Breaux Lizabeth S. , Lee Hunter C. , Saneei Soheil , Veal Austin P. , Carleton John S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Build a microlaryngoscopy surgical simulator for endoscopic laryngeal surgery using standard microsurgical instruments and a CO2 laser.

Study design

Anatomical modeling, CAD design and 3D printed manufacturing.

Subjects and methods

We created a modular design for a microlaryngoscopy simulator in CAD software. Components include plastic and stainless‐steel models of a standard operating laryngoscope and a cassette system for mounting porcine or synthetic models of the vocal folds. All simulator parts, including the metallic laryngoscope model, were manufactured using 3D printing technology. Tumors were simulated in porcine tissue models by injecting a soy protein‐based tumor phantom. Residents and faculty in the Louisiana State University otolaryngology department evaluated the system. Each participant performed microlaryngoscopy with laser resection on a porcine larynx and cold instrument procedures on synthetic vocal folds. Participants scored the simulator using a 5‐point Likert scale.

Results

The microlaryngeal surgical simulator demonstrated in this project is realistic, economical, and easily assembled. We have included 3D printed parts files and detailed assembly instructions that will enable educators interested in surgical simulation to build the device.

Participants in the simulator evaluation session felt that the simulator faithfully represented the procedure to resect vocal fold lesions using a CO2 laser. The synthetic model allows the trainee to develop hand‐eye coordination while using standard laryngeal instruments.

Conclusions

The simulator described herein will enable surgeons to acquire the surgical skills necessary to perform operative microlaryngoscopy prior to operating on live patients.
Preparation, Crystallization Behavior, Simultaneous Spectroscopic and Rheological Characterization of Polyphenylene Sulfide/Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Chunyao , Li Chen , Zhen Weijun , Zhao Ling , Wang Shigang , Huang Shengbing
Published: June 2022

Graphene quantum dots are prepared conveniently and quickly with brown‐black humic acid as raw material by green oxidation process. The average size of GQDs is about 12 nm with a lattice spacing of 0.26 nm and GQDs have hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups on their surface. Moreover, photoluminescence testing shows that GQDs have excellent photoluminescence properties with maximum excitation/emission wavelength at 347/478 nm. Next, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/GQDs nanocomposites are prepared by melt blending with GQDs and PPS. Mechanical tests show that the tensile strength and the impact strength of PPS can be greatly improved when the amount of GQDs is 0.5 wt% and tensile strength and the impact strength are increased by 53.38% and 375%, respectively. The nonisothermal crystallization of PPS/GQDs nanocomposites is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which shows that GQDs effectively increase the crystallization rate of PPS. The crystallization of PPS/GQDs nanocomposites during cooling are studied by Rheonaut technology analysis. The rheological results show that the storage modulus of PPS/GQDs (0.5 wt%) nanocomposites is increased by about 1.04 times than that of pure PPS, and 2D IR spectrum confirms that GQDs accelerate crystallization of PPS. Rheological studies present that GQDs have good compatibility with PPS.
Linguistic cues of chief executive officer personality and its effect on performance
Authors: Brunzel Johannes
Published: June 2022

Chief Executive Officer (CEO) personality belongs to the most important constructs for business practice and research, but its measurement remains a major obstacle. Therefore, I propose a language‐based approach of freely available, large‐scale corporate documents to study linguistic hints regarding CEOs' personality dimensions by applying a validated, closed‐based approach developed to a sample of Fortune 500 companies. I compare the results to validated, machine learning‐trained open‐based results obtained from conference calls of 3000 CEOs of S&P 1500 companies. In order to provide a basis for comparison, I supplement these linguistic personality profiles with a sample of convicted criminal CEOs that provide an archetype of extreme linguistic cases. Finally, after controlling for commonly used content analytical constructs (e.g., entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation) to capture CEOs' cognitive state, I link these cross‐sectional linguistic profiles to longitudinal firm‐level performance data. The analysis indicates that the linguistic manifestations of CEO personality explain a great share of firm performance in conjunction with observable individual, industry, and firm‐level data. While there appear to be complementarities between open‐based and closed‐based language approaches, the analysis also indicates that the open‐based linguistic trait of neuroticism is negatively related to various measures of firm performance. In particular, these measures appear to be more robust against genre effects and language that are unique among CEOs (self‐selection effects). Therefore, the approach sheds light on the important role of validation procedures in the realm of computer‐aided content analysis (CATA) and the conducive and detrimental effects of CEO personality cues on firm performance. The paper discusses practical implications for stakeholders and shareholders wishing to infer personality cues of key decision‐makers from large‐scale corporate documents and theoretical implications for the advancement of the upper echelon research.
Dynamical study of nutrient‐phytoplankton model with toxicity: Effect of diffusion and time delay
Authors: Singh Ravikant , Kumar Tiwari Satish , Ojha Archana , Kumar Thakur Nilesh
Published: June 2022

A harmful algal bloom is one of the significant concerns of marine biodiversity. The control of such algal bloom is required for the conservation of marine ecology. The proposed work discusses a model for interacting nutrient phytoplankton systems with the effect of toxic chemicals released by phytoplankton and time delay in toxin liberation. Our main aim is to provide a great insight into the impact of toxins and time delay on the dynamics of nutrient‐phytoplankton. We investigate the stability of system dynamics, and the condition for the existence of Turing instability is obtained. The role of time delay is also investigated for the proposed system. The numerical simulation shows that toxin release rate, the diffusion coefficient of nutrients, and time delay significantly impact system dynamics. We observe that increasing values of toxin release results in the system dynamics show stable and oscillatory behavior without diffusion. The spatial and spatio‐temporal patterns show that the higher value of the rate of toxin release lead to periodic and standing waves. Finally, we observe that the time delay in toxin distribution term stabilizes and destabilizes the system dynamics.
Ferienlabor: Brennende Gummibärchen und danach Freibad
Authors: Schygulla Jennifer , Sitzmann Helmut
Published: June 2022

Nach einer pandemiebedingten Pause experimentieren in diesem Jahr am Fachbereich Chemie der TU Kaiserslautern wieder Mittel‐ und Oberstufenschüler:innen. Diese Art der Ferienfreizeit begann vor mehr als 15 Jahren mit Mikroskopen für das anorganisch‐chemische Grundpraktikum.
Blickpunkt Nachwuchs: Theoretische Elektrokatalyse
Authors: Exner Kai S.
Published: June 2022

Theoretische Untersuchungen an Elektrodenmaterialien für elektrochemische Prozesse tragen zu einer nachhaltigen Energiewirtschaft bei, indem leistungsfähige Katalysatorkompositionen mit heuristischen Konzepten vorhergesagt werden. Aduc‐Preisträger Kai S. Exner entwickelt Modelle, die Kandidatenmaterialien identifizieren und Sackgassen vermeiden sollen.
Bilanzen: Nachfrage, Lieferketten, Preise
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: June 2022

Im vergangenen Jahr erhöhte die Coronapandemie den Bedarf an Verbrauchsmaterialien für Labore und bestimmte die Geschäfte der Hersteller von Analysegeräten und ‐zubehör. Für das laufende Jahr wagen nur wenige Laborzulieferer Prognosen.
Strategie: Verhandeln mit Softwaregiganten
Authors: Schumann René
Published: June 2022

Die großen IT‐Konzerne wie SAP, Microsoft oder Salesforce nutzen ihre monopolistischen Marktpositionen zu drastischen Preiserhöhungen. Doch Unternehmen können sich wehren.
24. Steinheimer Gespräche: RNA‐Vakzine und ‐Medikamente
Authors: Krause Simon
Published: June 2022

Anfang Mai fanden die 24. Steinheimer Gespräche für den Hochschullehrernachwuchs in Mainz statt. An der dreitägigen Veranstaltung, ausgerichtet vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI), nahmen Liebig‐Stipendiaten, etablierte Hochschulwissenschaftler:innen sowie Vertreter:innen der Industrie teil. In diesem Jahr fand nach einjähriger Pause im Jahr 2020 und einer digitalen Version 2021 die Konferenz wieder in persona statt. Thomas Carell (LMU München und stellvertretender Kuratoriumsvorsitzender des Fonds) führte durch die Veranstaltung mit dem Rahmenthema „Aufbruch in die Chemie der RNA‐Vakzine und ‐Medikamente“.
Mit Partikelanalysedie Produktion pharmazeutischer Emulsionen optimieren
Authors: Fronk Vanessa , Schäffler Michael , Bonyadi Hossa , Herbig Michael , Köllmer Melanie
Published: June 2022

Die Partikelgrößenverteilung ist ein Qualitätsmerkmal pharmazeutischer Öl‐in‐Wasser‐Emulsionen. Kombiniert mit den Ergebnissen rheologischer Untersuchungen hilft sie dabei, die Herstellprozesse zu verbessern.
Symposium „Forschung der chemischen Industrie“ in Münster
Authors: Das Mowpriya , Pierau Marco
Published: June 2022

Industrielle Forschung trifft auf Akademia – unter diesem Motto steht das Symposium „Forschung der chemischen Industrie“ (FoChIn) der Universität Münster. Nach zwei Jahren Pandemie öffnete der Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie am 12. Mai zum zehnten Mal seine Tore für Studierende, Wissenschaftler:innen und Wissenschaftsinteressierte. Ziel ist der Austausch zwischen Universität und der chemischen Industrie. Auf dem Programm standen Vorträge zu moderner organischer Molekülchemie von Wissenschaftlern aus fünf Unternehmen; organisiert hat die Veranstaltung Frank Glorius.
Coastal transformations and connections: Revealing values through the community voice method
Authors: Acott Timothy G. , Willis Cheryl , Ranger Sue , Cumming Gabriel , Richardson Peter , O'Neill Rose , Ford Adriana
Published: June 2022

A wealth of evidence suggests an important relationship between nature and human health and well‐being and this appears to hold particular resonance for coastal environments. Notably, this relationship has been explored in assessments of ecosystem services, or the benefits that people derive from nature.

In this paper, we extend the debate to encompass ideas around relational values which considers that human well‐being is derived from relationships with nature rather than being solely delivered as the benefits commonly suggested in the ecosystem services literature.

The paper draws on conceptual ideas around relational values, sense of place and environmental justice to understand the values and importance of coastal environments for people.

These value concepts are explored through detailed narratives revealed by participants in two case study UK coastal locations, using a form of civic dialogue and videography approach called Community Voice Method (CVM).

We find that despite levels of relative deprivation in our case study locations, interviewees express values which are striking in terms of the depth of care felt; values which are ‘time‐deepened’ and shaped not only by what people do and are able to do, but also by personal histories and memories which remain strong despite material changes and transformations in people's lives and the places they live.

The CVM method in addition provides a practical approach for creating deliberative spaces to explore those deeply embodied and shared connections to the coast which are important and should have greater prominence in coastal management policy and practice.
Synthesis of a vanillin‐based curing agent and its application in wood to improve dimensional stability and flame retardancy
Authors: Ma Tongtong , Li Liping , Mei Changtong , Wang Qingwen , Guo Chuigen
Published: June 2022

A novel multifunctional phosphorus‐containing curing agent monomer (PPBMBA) was designed and prepared based on vanillin by the nucleophilic substitution reaction and Pinnick oxidation with phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDCL). Then a series of epoxy resin (EP) impregnated reinforced wood samples were prepared by combining PPBMBA to improve the dimensional stability and flame retardancy of wood. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the curing ability of PPBMBA to EP formulations is equivalent to that of industrial amine curing agents, while simultaneously being flame retardant and environmentally friendly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation found that the cured EP composite was widely distributed in the wood. Besides, the water uptake rate and volumetric swelling (S) of the impregnated wood sample W‐EP‐0.10 were 59.8% and 67.8% lower than that of pure wood respectively, while the anti‐swelling efficiency (ASE) value was as high as 67.7%. The parallel‐to‐grain compression strength (CS) of the W‐EP‐0.10 was increased by up to 78.3% compared to that of pure wood, while the limiting oxygen index increased from 21.7% to 26.8%, and UL 94 reached V‐0 level. TGA‐FTIR and SEM analysis demonstrated that the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the impregnated wood samples were improved by generating non‐flammable gases and forming an insulating char layer synergistically. From a practical standpoint, this work has significant engineering application value for the development of value‐added wood products with high‐efficiency fire safety and dimensional stability from relatively low‐cost wood.
Issues of cancer care in people with mental disorders as perceived by cancer care providers: A quantitative questionnaire survey
Authors: Yamada Yuto , Fujiwara Masaki , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Wada Riho , Inoue Shinichiro , Kodama Masafumi , Yoshimura Yusaku , Horii Shigeo , Matsushita Takanori , Fujimori Maiko , Shimazu Taichi , Nakaya Naoki , Hinotsu Shiro , Tabata Masahiro , Tamura Kenji , Uchitomi Yosuke , Yamada Norihito , Inagaki Masatoshi
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To reduce cancer care disparities, this study aimed to clarify the difficulties in cancer care for people with mental disorders as perceived by cancer care providers.

Methods

Cancer care providers at 17 designated cancer hospitals in Japan were surveyed using mail questionnaires. Respondents were asked to rate 29 items related to difficulties or insufficiencies in cancer care for patients with mental disorders on a five‐point Likert scale. We analyzed the proportion of respondents who answered “difficult/insufficient” in each item. We also calculated the proportions of responders stratified according to the presence of psychiatric support systems within their hospitals.

Results

A total of 388 (58.4%) cancer care providers responded. Among the issues related to “difficulties in diagnosing and treating cancer,” support for decision‐making, assessment of treatment adherence, and assessment of physical symptoms were perceived as most difficult (73.5%–81.5% of respondents). Among the issues related to ‘difficulties or insufficiencies in collaboration among multidisciplinary health care providers,’ the issue of advance consultation and sharing information with the patient's primary psychiatric care provider was perceived as most difficult (52.2%). Among the issues related to “insufficiencies of in‐hospital and community medical systems,” education to provide reasonable accommodation was perceived as most insufficient (47.4%). The perceived difficulties of over half of the issues varied significantly between hospitals depending on the level of psychiatric support systems.

Conclusions

This study clarified the difficulties of cancer care in patients with mental disorders as perceived by cancer care providers. Some issues may be resolved by psychiatric liaison teams.
Composite hierarchical anti‐disturbance control for discrete‐time singular Markov jump systems under double‐layer switching scheme
Authors: Hu Xiaohui , Peng Chen , Tian Engang
Published: June 2022

This work endeavors to investigate the composite hierarchical anti‐disturbance control issue for discrete‐time singularly perturbed Markov jump systems with multiple disturbances. These disturbances include two types, one is the external disturbance that belongs to , and the other is generated by an exogenous system. To attenuate and reject the negative effects of two types of disturbances, a composite anti‐interference controller with integrated feedforward and feedback strategies is designed. Notably, the transition probabilities of the Markov chain are considered to be piecewise time‐varying and subject to a persistent dwell‐time switching scheme. Fully considering the two‐time scales phenomenon and the switching characteristics of systems, a mixed parameter/mode‐dependent Lyapunov function is constructed to assure that all the signals of the closed‐loop system satisfy the mean‐square exponential stability with the anticipant performance. Eventually, two illustrative examples are presented to verify the efficiency and superiority of the designed composite control strategy.
Atomically Dispersed Cu in Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanoflake Array for Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Tao Yuan , Zuo Shou Wei , Xiao Shu Hao , Sun Peng Xiao , Li Nian Wu , Chen Jun Song , Zhang Hua Bin , Yu Le
Published: June 2022

Aqueous Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) have been considered as a promising alternative to the existing Li‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the large‐scale application of the AZMBs is restricted by the dendrite formation and side reactions within the Zn metal anodes (ZMAs) during cycling. Herein, an atomically dispersed Cu in leaf‐like Zn‐coordinated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐L) nanoflakes on Ti mesh (CuZIF‐L@TM) as ZMA host is developed. The 3D conductive network formed by the interconnected ZIF‐L nanoflakes can reduce the local current density and homogenize the electric field distribution. Moreover, experimental data and theoretical calculations reveal the Cu single atoms within the ZIF‐L can serve as the zincophilic sites to facilitate the Zn deposition. As expected, the CuZIF‐L@TM host enables a homogeneous Zn deposition on the surface without dendrites. The resultant CuZIF‐L@TM/Zn electrode shows stable Zn plating/stripping over 1100 h at 1 mA cm−2with a low voltage hysteresis of about 50 mV. As a proof of concept, a full cell based on the designed CuZIF‐L@TM/Zn anode shows a stable cycling performance over 1000 cycles.
Who Relates to the Divine as Feminine? Transnational Consensus and Outliers Among Young Adults
Authors: Deutsch Nurit Novis , Klingenberg Maria
Published: June 2022

A Q-analysis generally favors large inter-group differences, whereas consensual statements that are shared by most participants tend to receive less attention, as do unusual views, which characterize small groups of participants. In this chapter, we start by exploring consensus statements and offer some thoughts on their meaning. We then consider views that are outside of the individual horizons of most participants. We identified these views through statements towards which most of the samples tended to be indifferent or neutral.

Against the backdrop of these transnational statement preferences, we proceed to discuss irrelevant statements through the lens of “religious outliers”; individuals for whom the statements in question were, in fact, highly relevant and important. We then attempt to characterize these “types” through sets of statements, which were not part of any national prototype, and analyze the subjectivities of those who endorse them, by presenting holistic analyses of their interview narratives. Jointly, these analyses help us assess to what extent we can set aside the idea of national-cultural boundaries in favor of other levels of FQS statement analysis – the transnational and the idiosyncratic.
Environmental Values and Nature’s Contributions to People: Towards Methodological Pluralism in Evaluation of Sustainable Ecosystem Services
Authors: Borrie William T. , Armatas Christopher A.
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Given the diverse ways that people value nature and the lack of an all-encompassing methodology able to capture such diversity, we call for the acceptance of plural methodologies for the comprehensive and inclusive evaluation of nature. The chapter provides a primer of five different evaluation approaches of nature: (i) economic/instrumental, (ii) ecological/biophysical, (iii) ethical/intrinsic, (iv) social/shared, and (v) relational. While leveraging the strengths and weaknesses of different evaluation methods is challenging, we suggest that defining the different normative assumptions of each approach (for example, the purposes of evaluation, how values and preferences can be expressed, and the positionality for those who recognise and give voice to different values) will provide a robust foundation for communication and learning across disciplinary and practitioner boundaries.
Green Spaces and Their Social Functions: Specific Challenges in Urban Spaces of Arrival
Authors: Haase Annegret
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Urban green spaces fulfil multiple functions. Next to their function as areas for leisure, recreation, perception of nature or improvement of physical and mental health, they are also operating as spaces of social contact, encounter, communication and interaction. This social function of urban green spaces becomes a challenge in heterogeneous neighbourhoods where many different groups of residents having different backgrounds of origin, socialization and social daily routines and practices live together and use the same public space. This chapter looks at the social functions of urban green spaces in heterogeneous urban areas, so-called urban spaces of arrival how we find them in many European cities, with a focus on encounter, communication and interaction.
Marine Ecological Democracy: Participatory Marine Planning in Indigenous Marine Areas in Chile
Authors: Anbleyth-Evans Jeremy
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

Globally, marine ecosystems and indigenous cultures continue to collapse, prompting a need for a paradigm shift in conservation and marine planning. While top-down processes of marine and cultural conservation have widely been shown to be unsuccessful, this chapter shows how to carry out participatory methods for marine conservation planning, through eliciting traditional ecological knowledge and mapping with fisheries communities. Drawing on work in Manquemapu and Caulin Indigenous Marine Areas located in Chile, it considers how different communities identify ecological threats from overfishing and aquaculture, and how researchers can advance the integration of their evidence through participatory GIS. The chapter explores how different valuations of nature are expressed, specifically in Mapuche -Huichille first nation culture and conservation science; and how they can work together.
Adaptations to Climate Variability in Fisheries and Aquaculture Social-Ecological Systems in the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Romagnoni Giovanni , Kluger Lotta Clara , Tam Jorge , Wolff Matthias
Published: June 2022

Significance Statement

The Peruvian Upwelling ecosystem is highly productive. El Niño variability affects species abundance and distribution, and thus marine activities. Climate change is modifying El Niño patterns, compromising the strategies of marine organisms and human activities to cope with its variability. We focus on three marine social-ecological systems to identify weaknesses and leverage points for adaptation and resilience. We find that (1) the Peruvian artisanal fishery and aquaculture sectors urgently need an institutional framework for adaptation to future environmental changes; (2) bottom-up adaptation strategies require institutional support, tailored to socio-ecological specificities; and (3) additional research on socio-ecological tipping points and their effects for human-nature interactions and societal repercussions is necessary. These finding may be useful in other systems undergoing similar challenges.
Rigorous bounds on light-by-light scattering
Authors: Henriksson J. , McPeak B. , Russo F. , Vichi A.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We bound EFT coefficients appearing in 2 → 2 photon scattering amplitudes in four dimensions. After reviewing unitarity and positivity conditions in this context, we use dispersion relations and crossing symmetry to compute sum rules and null constraints. This allows us to derive new rigorous bounds on operators with four, six, and eight derivatives, including two-sided bounds on their ratios. Comparing with a number of partial UV completions, we find that some of our bounds are saturated by the amplitudes that arise from integrating out a massive scalar or axion, while others suggest the existence of unknown amplitudes.