bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized Protocol for Proportionate CNS Cell Retrieval as a Versatile Platform for Cellular and Molecular Phenomapping in Aging and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Ain Quratul , Schmeer Christian W. , Wengerodt Diane , Hofmann Yvonne , Witte Otto W. , Kretz Alexandra
Published: March 2022

Efficient purification of viable neural cells from the mature CNS has been historically challenging due to the heterogeneity of the inherent cell populations. Moreover, changes in cellular interconnections, membrane lipid and cholesterol compositions, compartment-specific biophysical properties, and intercellular space constituents demand technical adjustments for cell isolation at different stages of maturation and aging. Though such obstacles are addressed and partially overcome for embryonic premature and mature CNS tissues, procedural adaptations to an aged, progeroid, and degenerative CNS environment are underrepresented. Here, we describe a practical workflow for the acquisition and phenomapping of CNS neural cells at states of health, physiological and precocious aging, and genetically provoked neurodegeneration. Following recent, unprecedented evidence of post-mitotic cellular senescence (PoMiCS), the protocol appears suitable for such de novo characterization and phenotypic opposition to classical senescence. Technically, the protocol is rapid, efficient as for cellular yield and well preserves physiological cell proportions. It is suitable for a variety of downstream applications aiming at cell type-specific interrogations, including cell culture systems, Flow-FISH, flow cytometry/FACS, senescence studies, and retrieval of omic-scale DNA, RNA, and protein profiles. We expect suitability for transfer to other CNS targets and to a broad spectrum of engineered systems addressing aging, neurodegeneration, progeria, and senescence.
Effect of the Plasma Gas Type on the Surface Characteristics of 3Y-TZP Ceramic
Authors: Kang Sung-Un , Kim Chul-Ho , Kim Hee-Kyung , Yoon Ye-Won , Kim Yu-Kwon , Kim Seung-Joo
Published: March 2022

Plasma surface treatment can be an attractive strategy for modifying the chemically inert nature of zirconia to improve its clinical performance. This study aimed to clarify the effect of plasma gas compositions on the physicochemical surface modifications of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP). The cold, atmospheric plasma discharges were carried out by using four different plasma gases, which are He/O2, N2/Ar, N2, and Ar from an application distance of 10 mm for 60 s. Static contact angles were measured to define the surface free energy. Changes in elemental composition, surface crystallinity, and surface topography were assessed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. A significant decrease in water contact angle was observed in all plasma groups with the lowest value of 69° in the N2/Ar group. CLSM and SEM investigations exhibited no morphological changes in all plasma groups. XPS revealed that a reduction in the surface C content along with an increase in O content was pronounced in the case of N2/Ar compared to others, which was responsible for high hydrophilicity of the surface. XRD showed that the changes in crystallite size and microstrain due to oxygen atom displacements were observed in the N2/Ar group. The N2/Ar plasma treatment may contribute to enhancing the bioactivity as well as the bonding performance of 3Y-TZP by controlling the plasma-generated nitrogen functionalities.
PFTAIRE Kinase L63 Interactor 1A (Pif1A Protein) Is Required for Actin Cone Movement during Spermatid Individualization in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pravder Harrison D. , Grabowska Dorota , Roychoudhury Kaushik , Zhang Betty , Frank Deborah , Zakrzewski Przemysław , Lenartowska Marta , Miller Kathryn G.
Published: March 2022

A useful model for determining the mechanisms by which actin and actin binding proteins control cellular architecture is the Drosophila melanogaster process of spermatogenesis. During the final step of spermatogenesis, 64 syncytial spermatids individualized as stable actin cones move synchronously down the axonemes and remodel the membranes. To identify new genes involved in spermatid individualization, we screened a collection of Drosophila male-sterile mutants and found that, in the line Z3-5009, actin cones formed near to the spermatid nuclei but failed to move, resulting in failed spermatid individualization. However, we show by phalloidin actin staining, electron microscopy and immunocytochemical localization of several actin binding proteins that the early cones had normal structure. We sequenced the genome of the Z3-5009 line and identified mutations in the PFTAIRE kinase L63 interactor 1A (Pif1A) gene. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that Pif1A transcript abundance was decreased in the mutant, and a transgene expressing Pif1A fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) was able to fully rescue spermatid individualization and male fertility. Pif1A-GFP localized to the front of actin cones before initiation of movement. We propose that Pif1A plays a pivotal role in directing actin cone movement.
Predictive Energy-Aware Routing Solution for Industrial IoT Evaluated on a WSN Hardware Platform
Authors: Jecan Eusebiu , Pop Catalin , Ratiu Ovidiu , Puschita Emanuel
Published: March 2022

In industrial wireless sensors networks (IWSNs), the sensor lifetime predictability is critical for ensuring continuous system availability, cost efficiency and suitability for safety applications. When deployed in a real-world dynamic and centralised network, the sensor lifetime is highly dependent on the network topology, deployment configuration and application requirements. (In the absence of an energy-aware mechanism, there is no guarantee for the sensor lifetime). This research defines a conceptual model for enhancing the energy predictability and efficiency of IWSNs. A particularization of this model is the predictive energy-aware routing (PEAR) solution that assures network lifetime predictability through energy-aware routing, energy balancing and profiling. The PEAR solution considers the requirements and constraints of the industrial ISA100.11a communication standard and the VR950 IIoT Gateway hardware platform. The results demonstrate the PEAR ability to ensure predictable energy consumption for one or multiple network clusters. The PEAR solution is capable of intracluster energy balancing, reducing the overconsumption 10.4 times after 210 routing changes as well as intercluster energy balancing, increasing the cluster lifetime 2.3 times on average and up to 3.2 times, while reducing the average consumption by 23.6%. The PEAR solution validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the energy-aware conceptual indicating its suitability within IWSNs having real world applications and requirements.
A Lightweight Hybrid Deep Learning Privacy Preserving Model for FC-Based Industrial Internet of Medical Things
Authors: Almaiah Mohammed Amin , Ali Aitizaz , Hajjej Fahima , Pasha Muhammad Fermi , Alohali Manal Abdullah
Published: March 2022

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is gaining importance as most technologies and applications are integrated with the IIoT. Moreover, it consists of several tiny sensors to sense the environment and gather the information. These devices continuously monitor, collect, exchange, analyze, and transfer the captured data to nearby devices or servers using an open channel, i.e., internet. However, such centralized system based on IIoT provides more vulnerabilities to security and privacy in IIoT networks. In order to resolve these issues, we present a blockchain-based deep-learning framework that provides two levels of security and privacy. First a blockchain scheme is designed where each participating entities are registered, verified, and thereafter validated using smart contract based enhanced Proof of Work, to achieve the target of security and privacy. Second, a deep-learning scheme with a Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) technique for privacy and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for intrusion detection is designed. The experimental results are based on the IoT-Botnet and ToN-IoT datasets that are publicly available. The proposed simulations results are compared with the benchmark models and it is validated that the proposed framework outperforms the existing system.
Development of 3D Wafer Level Hermetic Packaging with Through Glass Vias (TGVs) and Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Technology for RF Filter
Authors: Chen Zuohuan , Yu Daquan , Zhong Yi
Published: March 2022

The development of 5G mobile communication created the need for high-frequency communication systems, which require vast quantities of radio frequency (RF) filters with a high-quality factor (Q) and low inband losses. In this study, the packaging of an RF filter with a through-glass via (TGV) interposer was designed and fabricated using a three-dimensional wafer-level package (3D WLP). TGV fabrication is a high-yielding process, which can produce high precision vias without masking and lithography and reduce the manufacturing cost compared with the through silicon via (TSV) solution. The glass interposer capping wafer contains Cu-filled TGV, a metal redistribution layer (RDL), and the bonding layer. The RF filter substrate with Au bump is bonded to the capping wafer based on Au-Sn transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding at 280 °C with a 40 kN (approximately 6.5 MPa) bonding force. Experimental results show that shear strengths of approx. 54.5 MPa can be obtained, higher than the standard requirement (~6 MPa). In addition, a comparison of the electrical performance of the RF filter package after the pre-conditional level three (Pre-Con L3) and unbiased highly accelerated stress (uHAST) tests showed no difference in insertion attenuation across the passband (<0.2 dB, standard value: <1 dB). The final packages passed the reliability tests in the field of consumer electronics. The proposed RF filter WLP achieves high performance, low cost, and superior reliability.
Interrogating the ‘White-Leaning’ Thesis of White–Asian Multiracials
Authors: Chong Kelly H. , Song Miri
Published: March 2022

The study of multiracial people in the United States has typically focused on the experiences of Black–White racially-mixed individuals. In this article, we review and analyze the theoretical and evidence base for the White-leaning characterization of Asian–White multiracials. Historically, Asian Americans have been positioned as a “racial middle” group in relation to White and Black Americans. In line with this perceived racial position, Asian–White multiracials have been generally characterized as being more White than Black–White multiracials, as well as “leaning White” in terms of self-identification. While there is growing recognition of the variability of experiences among Black–White multiracials, the depiction of Asian multiracials as White-leaning—though based on limited empirical evidence—continues to be prominent, revealing the tendency to view Asian–White individuals through a “White racial frame.” The racial identifications and experiences of Asian–White multiracials are far more complex than such a view suggests. We argue for the need to advance studies on Asian mixed-race people to accurately capture their racial positioning within a system of White supremacy, including the diversity of their identifications, political views, and racialized experiences.
Developing a protocol for an online exercise programme for cerebral palsy clients using 'Physitrack'
Authors:   , Kelly Lauren
Published: March 2022

Background: Children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) often receive exercise programs to assist in therapy, habitual exercise, exercise motivation and rehabilitation. Adherence and motivation to exercise programs are two necessary components to achieve exercise goals but can be challenging to accomplish due to difficulties in acquiring novel motor skills, leading to poor performance in daily living activities and restricted participation. The advancement and accessibility of technology show successful integrations in other special populations of games and applications (apps) (i.e., Virtual reality (VR)). However, the use of task-specific online exercise programs/apps within the CP population is unknown. Methods: The literature review (Chapter 2) systematically searched and reviewed three main areas critical to this thesis: 1) exercises for CP clients, 2) uses of online apps/technology, and 3) reviewed relevant outcome measures. Data from the literature review was used to develop a protocol for a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) (Chapter 3). Results: Eleven studies were identified, and data was extracted regarding technology used, the frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT) principle and associated outcome measures. This information was then used to develop an evidence-based training protocol using the Physitrack app that will serve as the basis of a future RCT. The protocol developed in Chapter 3 was submitted to the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research for further research into technology-specific interventions for CP exercise programs. Conclusion: An 8-week individualised training program delivered using the Physitrack app, which evaluates clinical and non-clinical outcome measures would provide a robust and easy-to-follow program to reduce burnout/frustration/drop out of caregivers and CP clients. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown resulted in the main study RCT being a protocol as participants for the study were unable to be recruited. A future direction for this thesis would be to complete the RCT protocol in Chapter 3.
Establishment and Application of an Index System for the Risk of Drug Shortages in China: Based on Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Shi Yin , Sun Shusen , Deng Jing , Liu Shao , Yin Tao , Peng Qilin , Gong Zhicheng , Cheng Zihua , Zhou Boting
Published: March 2022

Background: At present, the avoidance of drug shortages mainly relies on expert experience. This study aimed to establish an evaluation index system for the risk of drug shortages in medical institutions in China and to apply the system to guide the graded management of drugs in short supply. Methods: A two-round Delphi process was conducted to determine the indicators in the index system. The weight value of each indicator was calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. The data of drugs in short supply from January 1 to December 31, 2020 in Hunan province were collected and evaluated using this index system. The evaluation scores, which ranged from 0 to 100, were calculated. Results: A three-level index system with four first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 36 third-level indicators was constructed by the two rounds of the Delphi process. The expert authority coefficient (Cr) of the first and second rounds of consultation were 0.88 and 0.90, respectively. The Kendall’s coefficients of concordance (Kendall’s W) for the two rounds of consultation were 0.44 and 0.50, respectively (P<.05). For the first-level indicators ‘supply stability,’ ‘causes of shortage,’ ‘medicine availability in medical institution’ and ‘pharmaceutical properties,’ the weight values were 0.3253, 0.2489, 0.2398, and 0.1860, respectively. Based on the risk evaluation score, drugs (dosage strength) at high risk of shortage included sodium thiosulfate (0.64 g), posterior pituitary lobe hormones (1 mL:6 IU), protamine sulfate (5 mL:50 mg), thrombin (500 U), urokinase (10 WU), and rotundine sulfate (2 mL:60 mg). Conclusion: An indexed system for the risk assessment of drug shortages in China was established to guide the graded response to drug shortages in medical institutions and the implementation of differential management strategies to address these shortages.
Toxoplasmosis in Sudan: An Overview
Authors: Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed Khalid , Eltayeb Eltaf Abbas , Omer Inas Tarig , Ahmed lweeya Mohammed , Tamomh Abdelhakam G. , Talha Albadawi Abdelbagi , Abakar Adam Dawoud
Published: March 2022

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most serious blood coccidian parasite infections in veterinary and medical medicine, contributing to ill health and financial losses infecting about one-third of the world’s population. It can produce life-threatening infections, despite the fact that most infections are asymptomatic. Several studies in Sudan reveal that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was high especially among pregnant women resulting in Fetal death, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation. involvement the attention to improvements in management and personal hygiene, raising awareness; control of cats, avoiding raw and undercooked meat should be done to reduce the prevalence and controlling Toxoplasmosis among the population.
Metals Explain the Relationship Between Toxoplasma gondii, Influenza Virus, and COVID-19: A Hypothesis
Authors: Mohammed Hamad Mosab Nouraldein
Published: March 2022

Toxic metals such as zinc (Zn) have numerous biological roles in a man’s body, and these tasks are upsetted upon a change in these vital metals. These metals induce various pathological disorders in addition to these positive functions. The current manuscript focuses on the responsibility of Toxoplasma gondii as a host for the influenza virus offering an appropriate environment to the virus to escape the immune system. Consistent with the mentioned hypothesis indicating that COVID-19 is the mutant form of the influenza virus, the slow spread of the pandemic between populations with a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis is attributed to the role of Zn in the regulation of immunity through the protection of host cells from the virus and the guard of parasites that hold viral colonies and stop its spread. It is recommended that experimental studies be performed to prove this hypothesis.
Human Plasmodium in Livestock: The Absence of PfHRP2 and pLDH Among High Parasitemia Cases
Authors: Sumanto Didik , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Sakundarno Adi Mateus , Susanti Siti , Sayono Sayono
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are reported to have infected domestic cattle as buffalo, horses, dogs, and goats in Sumba, along with Etawa crossbreed goats in Purworejo. One of the markers of human-Plasmodium (h-Plasmodium) invasion in the erythrocyte phase is the appearance of PfHRP2 and parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). This study aimed to detect h-Plasmodium using PfHRP2-pLDH-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the blood of Etawa crossbreed goats that were tested positive for microscopic infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a malaria pre-elimination area in Purworejo District, Indonesia. Livestock blood sampling was performed on a population of goats within a radius of 300 meters from the residence of malaria cases. Results: The presence of h-Plasmodium was detected by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Monotes Malaria for PfHRP2-pLDH. The mean parasitemia level of h-Plasmodium on Etawa crossbreed goats was 3061 parasites/μL of blood. No cases were detected positive using RDT Monotes Malaria from four goats that were microscopically positive for h-Plasmodium. Conclusion: The PfHRP and pLDH-based RDT methods for the detection of h-Plasmodium indicated that they are not sensitive to be applied to animal blood. Other immunological detection methods are needed to determine the activity of h-Plasmodium when it invades animal red blood cells.
A Survey on the Prevalence of Zoonotic Helminthic Parasites in the Rats of Tabriz, Iran, Emphasizing the Importance of the Parasitic Fauna of Rats in the Public Health
Authors: Fattahi Sahand
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Parasitic diseases transmitted by rodents are more important among zoonotic diseases. On the one hand, rodents are the reservoirs of various parasites, including external parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, and some types of internal parasites such as cestodes and nematodes. On the other hand, they have a wide distribution and close relationship with humans which is important from the point of view of environmental health. Methods: A total of 100 rats were caught from different parts of Tabriz in Iran. The trapped rodents were examined for species determination. Then, rats were anesthetized using chloroform and necropsied after recording the profile ensuring that this operation is carefully started from under the skin and all parts are examined to find possible fillers. Next, the abdominal and diaphragm muscles were evaluated for trichinosis, and finally, the entire gastrointestinal tract was separated and split along the length and in separate plates. They were placed together with the physiological serum and examined using a stereo microscope and a microscope. Eventually, smears were taken from the liver and spleen, and the esophagus was investigated for Gongylonema. Results: In this study, out of 100 collected rats, 68 (68%) cases were infected with at least one worm, while 32 (32%) of them were uninfected. The collected rodents were infected with Trichuris muris (9%), Syphacia obvelata (2%), Strongyloides ratti (41%), Gongylonema (1%), Physaloptera (8%), and Nippostrongylus (3%). Hymenolepis nana (18%) and Hymenolepis diminuta (62%), as well as Cysticercus fasciolaris (7%) and Moniliformis moniliformis (2%) were also detected in these collected rodents. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated the presence of Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Cysticercus fasciolaris, Moniliformis moniliformis, and Physaloptera as zoonotic worm parasites that have a history of infection in humans based on the findings of parasitological studies worldwide.
Morphological Characteristics of Toxocara spp. Adults Determined by Electron Microscopy
Authors: Luca Iasmina
Published: March 2022

Ascarids are commonly diagnosed in dogs and cats. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs are similar, and the difference between the two species is based on the morphological characteristics of adult roundworms. Specific morphological components can be revealed by light microscopy, but a detailed description of the structural characteristics can be provided by electron microscopy. The body of adult roundworms dehydrates highly quickly, thus it is quite difficult to obtain clear images. The aim of this study was to provide morphological details specific to the Toxocara genus to complete the knowledge about the morphology of roundworms. The morphology of these nematodes can be thoroughly explained by certain phenomena related to their biological cycle and the preference for localization in various organs of the parasitic host.
A Case Report of Nasopharyngeal Myiasis in a 49-Year-old Shepherd Man Referred to the Emergency Department of Tabriz
Authors: Garedaghi Yagoob , Luca Iasmina , Bilal Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Myiasis is an infection of living vertebrates with fly larvae. The disease in humans is caused by parasites that are associated with an animal host. It may also affect patients with some degrees of immunodeficiency and involve different parts of the vertebrate body. This report is a case of nasopharyngeal myiasis in a 49-year-old shepherd who had referred to the emergency department of Tabriz in Iran, and the purpose of this report is to make physicians and nursing staff, who work in the treatment and care of patients, more notified of this ectoparasitic infection.
Ftalimit Sübstitüe Ag(I) NHC Komplekslerinin Sentez ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: AKKOC Mitat
Published: March 2022

N-Heterosiklik karbenler (NHC’ler) organometalik kimyanın en önemli ligantlarındandır. 1991 yılında Arduengo ve arkadaşlarının ilk kararlı karbeni izole etmesi ile organometalik kimyaya önemli bir ligant kazandırmış oldu. Karbenlerin hem sterik hem de elektronik kararlılığı sayesinde organometalik kimyada kullanılan diğer ligantlardan daha fazla dikkat çekmesine neden oldu. NHC’lerin 1 ve 3 konumundaki sübstütientlerin değiştirilebilmesi de yapının tasarlanmasında önemli avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Karbenler peryodik tablodaki iç geçiş elementlerinin çoğu ile kompleks oluşturabilmektedir. Bu oluşturduğu kompleksler katalizör, ilaç, iyonik sıvı, MOF, iletken material ve lüminesans madde gibi birçok alanda uygulama alanı bulduğunu görmekteyiz. Cis-platin bir antikanser ajanı olarak kullanılmasından sonra metal tabanlı bileşiklerin bu alanda araştırılmasının önü açılmış oldu. Son yirmi yılı incelediğimizde Ag-NHC bileşiklerinin antikansorojen ve antimikrobiyal ajan olarak yoğun bir şekilde çalışmaların sürdürüldüğünü görmekteyiz. Gümüş karben bağının kuvvetinden dolayı oluşan yapısal kararlılık hücre içerisinde daha geç bozunmasına sebep olmaktadır. Böylelikle; hem daha az miktarda kullanılmakta hem de daha uzun süre etkisini yitirmeden ortamda var olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda biyolojik olarak aktif bir yapı olan ftalimit gruplarını içeren bir seri gümüş komplekslerinin sentez ve karakterizasyon çalışmaları başarı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
İki Düzeyli Özbek Morfolojisi
Authors: KÜÇÜK Ahmet Eralp , KURT Atakan
Published: March 2022

Biçimbilimsel (morfolojik) belirsizlik giderme, sözdizimsel ayrıştırma ve makine çeviri sistemlerinin temelini oluşturan morfolojik analiz, doğal dil işlemedeki ana konulardan birisidir. İki düzeyli morfoloji, biçimbilimsel olarak karmaşık dillerin analizi ve üretimi için ilk genel model olarak bilinir. Bu makalede, Özbekçe’nin iki düzeyli morfolojik analizi, Nuve biçimbilimsel çözümleyici ile ayrıntılı olarak sunulmaktadır. Nuve, biçimbilimsel analiz için kullanılan açık kaynak kodlu bir kütüphanedir. Nuve Studio, www.nuvestudio.com internet adresinden erişilebilmekte olup, bu çalışma için geliştirilmiştir. Uygulama aşamasında, 30.000 kelime, kök kelime sözlüğü olarak kullanılmıştır. Çağdaş Özbekçe (yeni latin alfabesiyle) 26 iki düzeyli yazım (ortografik) kuralı ile tanımlanmıştır. Özbekçe kelime yapılarının biçim dizgeleri (morfotaktikleri) fiil ve isim paradigmaları için sonlu durum makineleri ile gösterilmiştir. Fonolojik ve morfolojik özel durumlar, kısıtlamalar ve istisnalar örneklerle verilmiştir. Bu çalışma, sözcüksel, morfolojik ve sözdizimsel açıdan birçok ortak yönü bulunan Özbekçe ile diğer Türk dilleri arasında, Özbekçe dil işleme ve morfoloji tabanlı makine çevirisi için öncü bir çalışma olacaktır.
Derin Öğrenme Tabanlı Otomatik Beyin Tümör Tespiti
Authors: ASLAN Muzaffer
Published: March 2022

Beyin tümörleri, insan ölümlerinin en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Beyin tümörlerinin erken ve doğru teşhisi tedavi için oldukça önemlidir. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG), beyin tümörlerinin tespitindeki en önemli verilerdir. Geleneksel yöntemler ile yapılan hastalık tespiti yerine yapay zekâ temelli bilgisayar uygulamaları ile beyin tümörlerinin tespiti uzmanlara önemli katkılar sağlayabilir. Özellikle son dönemler popüler olan derin öğrenme yöntemlerinin, medikal görüntülerin işlenmesine dayalı hastalık tespiti yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, MRG görüntüler ile beyin tümörlerinin tespiti için MobilNetV2 derin öğrenme modeli ile birlikte k en yakın koşu (k-EYK) algoritması kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, öznitelik olarak önceden eğitilmiş MobileNetV2 modelinin tam bağlantı katman değerleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen özniteliklerin sınıflandırılmasında daha yüksek performansından dolayı k-EYK algoritması kullanılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda, önerilen yöntem ile beyin tümörlerinin tespitinde %96,5 doğruluk skoruna ulaşılmıştır. Aynı veri setinin kullanıldığı literatürdeki diğer bazı çalışmalar ile karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek bir başarım sağlanmıştır.
İçmesuyu Dağıtım Sistemlerinde Şebeke Yenileme için Ekonomik Analiz Hesaplama Modelinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Salih , FIRAT Mahmut
Published: March 2022

Öz: İçme suyu dağıtım sistemlerinde meydana gelen arızaların ve sızıntıların azaltılması için çok farklı yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Bu yöntemler zaman alıcı ve maliyetlidir. Bu nedenle yöntem uygulanmadan önce maliyet bileşenleri tanımlanmalıdır. Şebeke yenileme faaliyeti, kentsel su yönetiminde uygulanan yöntemler arasında en fazla maliyet oluşturan yöntemdir. Bu nedenle bir dağıtım sisteminde şebeke rehabilitasyonuna karar vermeden önce, gerekliliğin ortaya konulması, maliyet bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi ve hesaplanması ve bu analizlerin belirli bir standart yapıda gerçekleştirilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada içme suyu dağıtım sistemlerinde şebeke yenileme faaliyetleri için fayda maliyet bileşenlerini dikkate alan ve analiz gerçekleştiren web tabanlı bir hesaplama aracı geliştirilmiştir. Bu hesaplama aracında şebeke yenilemede maliyet oluşturan tüm bileşenler saha verileri esas alınarak tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca mevcut şebeke koşullarında şebekedeki boru malzeme ve çap dağılımları ve arıza oranları dikkate alınarak faydalı ömür analizi için model tanımlanmıştır. Bu modelde yeni yapılacak şebekedeki boru malzeme ve çap dağılımı da dikkate alınmakta ve fayda maliyet analizi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Geliştirilen bu hesaplama aracının özellikle belediye ve su idarelerinde karar vericiler ve teknik personel için referans teşkil edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Mobil Robotlar için Yük Altındaki Davranış Analizinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YAMAÇ Halil İbrahim , YILMAZ Taner
Published: March 2022

Robotların kullanımı özelliklerinden kaynaklı olarak gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Endüstriyel alandaki gelişmeler, robotlara duyulan ihtiyacın artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu amaca yönelik çalışmalara araştırmacıları yöneltmiştir. Bu doğrultuda kullanılan robotlardan biri olan yük robotlarının birçok örnekleri mevcuttur.

Bu araştırmanın amacı endüstri alanında faaliyet gösteren kuruluşlar ve araştırmacılar için yük robotları tasarımında önemli parametrelerin incelenmesi ile literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu parametrelerden olan robot gövdesi ve montaj noktalarının analizleri yapılmıştır. Toplam deformasyon ve yük analizi, bir sonlu elemanlar yazılımı olan ANSYS programı ile incelenmiştir.

Üç farklı yük altında (7,5 kN, 10 kN, 12,5 kN) yapılan analizler sonucunda gerilme sonuçlarında ciddi bir değişim gözlemlenmez iken, deformasyon sonuçlarında kısmi artışlar görülmüştür.
Derin Öğrenme Temelli Robotik Maske Kontrol Sistemi
Authors: GÖKSU Mustafa , ALKAN Ahmet
Published: March 2022

Korona virüsün (COVID-19) hızlı bulaşması nedeniyle dünya büyük bir sağlık kriziyle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Korona virüsün yayılmasını engellemek için Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne (WHO) göre en etkili tedbir, halka açık yerlerde ve kalabalık alanlarda maske takmaktır. Ancak kalabalık ortamlarda uzun süre kalan kişilerde sıkılma, boş verme ve umursamazlık gibi nedenlerle insanlar bu kuralı ihlal edebilmektedir. Bu nedenle kalabalık alanlarda insanların izlenmesi ve gerektiğinde ilgililerin uyarılarak toplum sağlığını korumak önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada maske takmayan, maskesini yanlış takan ve maskesini doğru takan kişileri belirleme sürecini otomatikleştirmek için iki derin öğrenme modeli kullanan bir robotik model geliştirilmiştir. İnternetten elde edilen veri setleri ve çevreden alınan fotoğraflar kullanılarak özgün bir veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Geliştirilen yapay zekâ modellerinin daha iyi tahmin sonuçları verebilmesi için veri seti görüntüleri üzerinde veri çoğaltma (aynalama, döndürme) teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada gerçek zamanlı olarak maskeli, maskesiz ve maskesini yanlış takan kişilerin tespiti gerçekleştirilmiş sesli olarak kişilere dönütler verilmiştir. Geliştirilen yapay zekâ modellerinde üç sınıf (maskeli, maskesiz, maskesini yanlış takan) için ortalama tahmin/sınıflandırma başarı oranı (mAP@0,50) %96,58 ile %98,45 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hız ve eğitim süresi açısından YOLOv4-tiny algoritmasıyla geliştirilen modelin daha başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen yapay zekâ modellerinin farklı donanımlar üzerinde gerçek zamanlı çalıştırılması için MKS (Maske Kontrol Sistemi) olarak adlandırılan etkileşimli yazılım önerilmektedir. MKS yazılımı geliştirilen hareketli bir robot üzerinde çalıştırılmıştır. Prototip robotla gerçekleştirilen uygulamalarda oldukça yüksek maske denetleme başarımları elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen robotun, kullanımıyla kurumlara personel ve zaman tasarrufu sağlayabileceği, covid-19 tedbirlerinin kontrolü ve toplum bilincinin arttırılmasında yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Trafik Işıklarının Optimum Planlaması için Çizge Tabanlı Çözüm Önerisi
Authors: TEKGÖZ Hilal , KOLUKISA Neslihan , KARABATAK Murat
Published: March 2022

Dünyadaki modern şehirler kültür, coğrafya ve nüfustan etkilenen benzersiz bir karaktere sahiptir. Şehirlerin tek bir ortak özelliği vardır. Yoğun kavşaklar ve içinden geçen trafik akışının kontrol edilmesidir. Trafik yoğunluğunu düzenleyen sistemlerden biri de trafik ışıklarıdır. Trafik ışıkları, trafiğin yoğun olduğu kavşaklarda trafik akışını düzenlemektedir. Trafik ışıkları hayatı kolaylaştıran ve zaman kazandıran son derece yararlı bir teknolojidir. Fakat çoğu durumda hangi trafik akışların aynı anda hareket edeceği, hangi akışların kırmızı veya yeşil olması gerektiği ve her bir trafik ışığının ne kadar süre yanacağını belirlemek oldukça zordur. Bu sorunun üstesinden gelmek için bu makalede graf tabanlı bir çözüm önerisi sunulmaktadır. Graflar gerçek dünya problemlerini matematiksel yöntemlere çevirmek için kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir. Çalışmada aralık grafı ve dairesel yay grafı kullanılarak probleme çözüm sunulmuştur. Dört yönlü ve on iki akışlı bir trafik kavşağının optimum düzeyde modellenmesi bu çalışmada gerçekleştirilerek elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
JPEG Algoritmasının Performansını İyileştirmek İçin Bir Yöntem
Authors: ARTUĞER Fırat , ÖZKAYNAK Fatih
Published: March 2022

JPEG, görüntü sıkıştırma için en yaygın kullanılan yöntemlerin başında gelmektedir. JPEG görüntü sıkıştırma işleminde kuantalama adımında kullanılan kuantalama tablosu önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Kuantalama tablosu görüntünün kalitesini ve sıkıştırma miktarını önemli ölçüde belirler. Bu nedenle kuantalama tablosunun oluşturulması bir optimizasyon problemi olarak görülmektedir. Bu makalede daha etkili kuantalama tabloları oluşturulabilmesi için oran-bozulma yaklaşımı, insan görsel sistemi yaklaşımı ve meta sezgisel yaklaşımlar açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra Jpeg kuantalama tablosundaki her bir değerin yerine, o değerin komşuları ortalaması alınarak yeni bir tablo elde edilmiştir. Farklı kalite faktörleri kullanılarak sonuçlar test edilmiş olup önerilen tablonun 60 kalite faktörü için Jpeg kuantalama tablosundan daha iyi sıkıştırma oranı elde edilmiştir.
Farklı Su Bağlayıcı ve Kimyasal Katkı Oranlarına Sahip Yüksek Dayanımlı Betonların İşlenebilirlik ve Dayanım Özellikleri
Authors: DEMİR Tuba , DEMİREL Bahar , DEMİRBİLEK Ali
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı su/bağlayıcı ve kimyasal katkı oranına sahip yüksek dayanımlı betonların dayanım ve işlenebilirlik özelliklerini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda çimento dozajı 400 ve 600 kg/m3, su/bağlayıcı (S/B) oranları 0.20 ve 0.30 olan 16 seri beton karışımı hazırlanmıştır. Bu beton karışımlarında mineral katkı olarak puzolanik aktivitesi yüksek olan silis dumanı kullanılmıştır. Silis dumanı %5 ve %20 oranlarında çimento ile hacimce yer değiştirilerek kullanılmıştır. Kimyasal katkı ise çimentonun ağırlıkça %2 ve %3’ü oranında kullanılmıştır. Bu karışım oranları ile hazırlanan, yüksek dayanım elde edilmiş serilerin taze ve sertleşmiş beton (mekanik) özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma sonucunda serilerin slump, ve ve-be değerleri ile fc-7, fc-28 ve fc-90 günlük sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma sonucunda yüksek dayanımlı betonlarda (YDB) kimyasal katkı kullanımının işlenebilirlik üzerinde önemli faktör olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte düşük S/B oranında, yeterli miktarda kimyasal katkı ve optimum silis dumanı miktarı ile yüksek dayanıma sahip betonların elde edilebildiği görülmüştür.
FEATURES OF OPERATION OF PUMPING STATIONS ON CLOSED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Beglyarov D.S. , Sukharev Yu.I. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Ali M.S. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Nazarkin E.E. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev
Published: March 2022

The creation of modern reclamation systems is accompanied by the emergence of new technical solutions, the complexity of the design of individual elements and, as a result, an increase in labor and money costs for their design, construction and subsequent operation. There are also requirements for reducing the construction time of these facilities, and improving the efficiency of agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The creation of modern reclamation systems needs to clarify the traditional methodological approaches to solving a number of problems. In reclamation construction, closed irrigation systems are becoming increasingly widespread, the main elements of which are: a stationary or mobile pumping station, a closed irrigation network and sprinkler equipment. The experience of operating modern closed irrigation systems has shown that due to changes in the operating modes of pumping stations and sprinkler equipment, sharp pressure fluctuations (hydraulic shocks) occur in pipelines during certain periods, which can lead to network destruction, failure of pipeline valves and pumps. Hydraulic engineering and reclamation facilities must meet certain requirements for reliability and environmental safety. First of all, this is achieved by protecting pipelines from an unacceptable increase in pressure that occurs during hydraulic shocks caused by changes in the operation of pumping units. Damage and accidents in the pressure systems of a closed irrigation network can also occur during transients that occur when pumping units are started up in accordance with the work schedule. The purpose of the work is to clarify the calculation justification, design and safe operation of closed irrigation systems with pumping stations.
THE FORMATION OF DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES OF RECLAIMED AGRICULTURE
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Kostyakov, Yurchenko I.F.
Published: March 2022

The key problem of the development of digitalization in agriculture remains the low interest of commodity producers in these innovations, which actualizes the role of science in providing large-scale information support to the solutions received in terms of the effectiveness of their practical use and recommendations for preventing unforeseen consequences that help attract farmers ' investments to their development and implementation. The purpose of this research is to form a resource of information and analytical support for the formation of digitalization of agricultural technologies of reclaimed agriculture based on the results of studying, analyzing and systematizing data and information about both the advantages and achievements, as well as about the difficulties and negative indicators of the use of digital technologies in the crop production system of agriculture. The basic method of research is the theory of system analysis, analog and expert assessments. The analysis of the use of automated control systems for technological processes of land reclamation in agricultural production has been carried out, which has established a low level of implementation of developed and tested in practice software and technical automation complexes. The priority number of objective and subjective reasons for insufficient investment attractiveness for commodity producers of digitalization of technological processes of agricultural production is shown. A list of priority technologies for the successful development of digitalization of reclaimed agroecosystems has been formed, including digital modeling, analytical procedures based on large amounts of data, neural networks and artificial intelligence, the industrial Internet of Things, cloud technologies. The principles of effective functioning of automated systems and measures for integrating the latter into the agricultural production system are presented. Overcoming the difficulties and complications of the process of digitalization of agro-reclamation technologies will more than pay off by increasing labor productivity, reducing production costs, and improving product quality.
ROBOTIC MINI-GREENHOUSES AND INSTALLATIONS FOR GROWING AGRICULTURAL CROPS AT HOME
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Zhuravleva L.A. , Aldiab A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev
Published: March 2022

The traditional system of agricultural production meets the needs less and less, forcing us to look for new ways and solutions. The Urban Farming movement is gaining more and more popularity around the world in its various manifestations and scales. From the device of farms for growing agricultural crops in urban conditions to small plants for growing flowers and herbs at home or in the office. In both cases, an important advantage is the automation and robotization of the process of growing plants, reducing the complexity of maintenance and minimal human participation. The article discusses the innovative directions of the development of city farming. The development of an installation for growing agricultural crops at home with a control system that provides automatic maintenance of optimal microclimate parameters on the Arduino platform is presented. The control system provides measurement of illumination, temperature and humidity of the air, as well as measures soil moisture and water level in the tank using sensors. A mathematical model is given for optimizing the parameters of the microclimate based on the physical processes of body and mass transfer. Expressions are given for determining the temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide content in the installation. The conducted studies have shown the efficiency and effectiveness of the experimental installation. The use of robotic mini-greenhouses and installations for growing agricultural crops at home allows you to get fresh vegetables, berries and herbs all year round in an apartment or office, automating and reducing the complexity of the growing process.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS HERBICIDES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEANS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE RSO-ALANIA
Authors:   North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture - branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Abaev A.A. , Tavkazakhov S.A. ,   North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture - branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tedeeva V.V. ,   North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture - branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gogaev M.M. ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University
Published: March 2022

The article considers the influence of various doses of herbicides on weed vegetation, the growth and development of crops, the quality of the products obtained, the matrix diversity of seeds and yield. The combination of Pivot 0.8; Harmony 8 g/ha had the greatest toxic effect on weeds. The contamination of crops with this combination decreased by 93.6%, and the reduction in the mass of weeds by 95.3%. The efficiency of the Trophy 2.0 variant was also very high; Harmony 8 g / ha (the reduction in the number of weeds was 92.3%, and the mass was 93.7%). The efficiency of the options Pivot 0.8; Pulsar 0.8 and Trophy 2.0; Pulsar 0.8 was significantly lower. The combination of Trophy 2.0; Pulsar 0.8 had a strong inhibitory effect on the number of nodules and their raw mass. The effectiveness of herbicides largely depended on the botanical composition of weeds and the degree of their resistance to drugs, the timing and doses of their use, precipitation and precipitation distribution after chemical treatments. In conditions of elevated air and soil temperatures, the sensitivity of weeds to all herbicides increased significantly. The introduction of Trophy 2.0; Harmony 8g / ha significantly inhibited soybean seedlings, causing a slight decrease in the density of seedlings. The combination of Trophy 2.0; Pulsar 0.8 oppressed soybeans in the first half of the growing season, causing yellowing of plants. The introduction of herbicides contributed to an increase in productivity by increasing the number of beans and grains per plant by 18.4 – 38.9%. The use of the Pivot 0.8; Harmony 8 g/ha option led to an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds by 9-11 g and did not affect the germination energy and seed germination. The drugs used did not affect the onset of soybean seedlings, but their unfriendly (uneven) and longer germination was observed. Soil herbicides reduced the density of standing plants by 0.4-1.1%, insurance herbicides-by 2.7-3.3%. Weeds take out a significant amount of nutrients from the soil. In the control variant, the total removal of nitrogen by weeds was 109.2 kg/ha, phosphorus-16.4, potassium – 81.61 kg/ha. In the best variant (Pivot 0.8; Harmony 8 g/ha), nitrogen removal was 6.69 kg/ha, phosphorus-1.11, potassium – 5.13 kg/ha. The saved amount of nitrogen would be enough to form 12.2 c of soy grain, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, 6.63 and 20.67 c.
MODERN BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR HARD-SEEDED CROPS
Authors:   North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture - branch of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dzugaeva L.A.
Published: March 2022

One of the significant factors of increasing the yield of agricultural crops is the use of fertilizers and pesticides. However, the use of chemicals causes environmental pollution and is accompanied by significant investments of material and energy resources. In addition, there is a decrease in humus in the soil. Therefore, agrotechnical techniques aimed at maintaining the natural fertility of the soil and stimulating the development of soil microflora are very relevant. Currently, natural growth regulators and bacterial preparations designed to activate the metabolic processes of plants and increase their productivity are increasingly used in crop production. Biological products can affect plants at different stages of growth and development. But their influence is most effectively manifested in the process of seed treatment before sowing. Such seeds have a high plasticity to changes in environmental conditions. And the use of drugs has a multifunctional effect. The article presents research materials on the effectiveness of the use of a new-generation biological product and micro-fertilizer, as well as zeolite-containing clays as a pre-sowing treatment of clover seeds. We used "Albit "(a complex biological product), "Polydon Bio Bean" (micro-fertilizer) and a mixture of rhizotorphin with "Alanite" (zeolite-containing clay). The results of the conducted studies revealed differences in the germination energy and germination of seeds of different types of clover. The influence of meteorological conditions and ecological and geographical origin on hard - seeding is determined. The seeds were treated with rhizotorphin and thiamine. Various doses of Alanite were tested in a mixture with risotorphin. The best option is a mixture of 1:5, which increased germination (37%), seed productivity (84%) and nitrogen-fixing ability. Both drugs had a stimulating effect on the germination energy and seed germination (15 – 28%). The acceleration of the development phases, an increase in the number of generative stems, the number of inflorescences, and foliage were noted. The yield of green mass for 2 mowing increased by 130 c/ha. The qualitative composition of the feed mass has also improved.