bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adıyaman İlinde İzole Edilen Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Kompleksi Suşlarının Ilaç Direnci Profilleri Ve Genotip Dağılımlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: TARHAN Gülnur , YAKICI Gülfer , KAYAR Begüm , AKGÜN Sadık , KÖKSAL Fatih
Published: December 2020

Amaç : Tüberküloz (TB) tüm dünyada ciddi bir problem olmaya devam etmektedir. Türkiye hala TB insidansı orta derecede olan ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO)’nün 2019 yılı küresel verem raporuna göre, 2018 yılında Türkiye’de ki TB insidansı 100.000’de 18 dir.2018 yılında yeni ve yeniden tedavi edilen olguların çoklu ilaç direnci (ÇİD) oranı Türkiye'den % 2,9 ve % 16 idi. Adıyaman ilinde izole edilen Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleksi (MTBK) suşlarına ait ilaç direnci profili ve genotip dağılımı hakkında veri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma ilimizde izole edilen MTBK suşlarının direnç profili ve genotip dağılımının belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Adıyaman Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Mikobakteriyoloji Laboratuvarında Ocak 2015-Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında izole edilen toplam 46 MTBK suşunun ilaç duyarlılık testi BACTECTM MGITTM 960 TB ilaç duyarlılık testi SİRE kiti kullanılarak yapıldı. İzolatların genotiplemesi spoligotipleme ve MIRU- VNTR yöntemleri ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Streptomisin, izoniazid, rifampin ve etambutole duyarlılık testleri SIRE Kiti kullanılarak MGIT 960 sistemi ile yapıldı. 46 MTBK izolatı içinde rifampisin, INH ve çoklu ilaca direnç %6,52 olarak saptandı. 46 izolattın 37’sinde 6 spoligotip ailesi saptanmış olup, en fazla T ailesinde kümelenme olduğu tespit edildi. MIRU sonuçlarına göre güncellenmiş bir veri tabanında mevcut MIRU uluslararası türleri ile eşleşen 12 orphan ve 21 pattern tanımlandı. Sonuç: Tüm dünyada önemli halk sağlığı problemlerinden biri olan tüberkülozun kontrol altına alınmasında ve direncin en kısa sürede saptanmasında mikrobiyolojik çalışmaların önemi büyüktür. Tüberkülozun kontrol altına alınmasında mutlaka ilaç duyarlılık testlerinin yapılması ve genotip düzeyindeki epidemiyolojik verilerin önemli bir yeri vardır.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Studies of Metal (II) Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from Condensation of 2-Thiophene Carboxyldehyde and 2-Aminothiophenol
Authors: Dalha Umar , Ahmad Aminu
Published: December 2020

Schiff base ligand derived from condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and 2-thiophene carboxyldehy was synthesized and used for the preparation of Cr(II), Mn(II) and Co(II), complexes. The synthesized ligand and complexes were analyzed by decomposition temperature, solubility, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and infrared spectra. The decomposition temperatures of the complexes are in the range of 128-221ºC. Molar conductance values are in the range of 6.07-9.10 ohm-1cm2mol-1. New bands appeared in the IR spectra of the complexes in the range of 511-552 cm-1 and 438-473 cm-1 which indicate υ(M - N) and υ(M - S) vibrations respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicated that all complexes are paramagnetic while solubility test revealed that all complexes and ligand are soluble in DMSO. The analytical data show the formation of 2:1 metal to ligand ratio for all complexes and suggested the formula [ML2].nH2O.The ligand and metal chelates have been studied for microbial activity using well diffusion method against selected bacteria and fungi. The results signify that metal complexes inhibit more compared with Schiff base ligand against the same test organisms.
1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene and Magnesium Interaction-A DFT Treatment
Authors: Türker Lemi
Published: December 2020

1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, known as TATB, is an insensitive energetic material. On the other hand, certain metals like Al, Mg etc., are often involved in formulation of certain ammunition to increase the heat output of the composite. In the present study, the interaction of TATB and magnesium is considered in TATB+Mg and TATB+2Mg composites within the constraints of density functional theory at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). The magnesium component disturbs TATB molecule mainly conformationally without causing any bond rupture. The composite formation is favorable, exothermic and they are electronically stable. As the magnesium content increases, the composites become more sensitive to impulse stimulus. Certain physicochemical, quantum chemical and spectral data are collected and discussed.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance Structure dan Leverage Terhadap Pengungkapan Intellectual Capital
Authors: Mujiani Sari , Wilestari Median , Putri Maharani Eka
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of independent commissioner, foreign ownership and leverage on intellectual capital disclosure at indeks kompas 100 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. This research used a purposive sampling technique to collect data and consisted of 12 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The statistical method used in this research is used multiple linear regression analysis methods. In this research used the Eviews program, 9 version. The results of the research based on the tests that have been that independent commisioner not had a significant effect on intellectual capital disclosure, while foreign ownership and leverage had a significant positive effect on intellectual capital disclosure.
Dampak Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan: Market Risk sebagai Intervening
Authors: Sparta Sparta
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris dampak langsung mekanisme GCG terhadap kinerja perbankan di Indonesia, dampak mekanisme GCG terhadap risiko perbankan di Indonesia, dampak tidak langsung mekanisme GCG terhadap kinerja perbankan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan variabel risiko perbankan intervening. Sampel penelitian ini adalah bank konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2013 hingga 2017 dengan sampel 29 bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya jumlah direksi dan proporsi komisaris bank independen yang berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap kinerja perbankan. Besar kecilnya komite audit perbankan berpengaruh positif terhadap total risiko dan risiko sistematis sistem perbankan. Ukuran dewan komisaris bank berpengaruh positif terhadap risiko sistematis perbankan. Jumlah direktur bank berpengaruh positif terhadap risiko sistematis dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap risiko tidak sistematis perbankan. Proporsi komisaris independen berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap risiko sistematis dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap unsystematic risk banking. Estimasi total risiko perbankan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja perbankan. Estimasi unsystematic risk banking berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja perbankan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi pemegang saham yaitu untuk meningkatkan kinerja bank dengan menerapkan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik. Bagi regulator, hasil ini berkontribusi pada pemilihan calon komisaris dan komisaris independen yang lebih selektif.
Studi Literatur tentang Cloud Accounting
Authors: Setiawan Andy , Praptiningsih Praptiningsih , Matondang Nurhafifah
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini membahas berbagai literatur mengenai cloud accounting, keunggulan dan resiko yang dihadapi. Dampaknya terhadap operasional perusahaan dan akuntan, serta pengembangan penelitian yang dapat dilakukan. Cloud accounting merupakan sebuah pengembangan perangkat lunak akuntansi dengan memanfaatkan teknologi internet. Biaya murah dan kemudahan akses merupakan beberapa keunggulan yang dimiliki. Penggunaan dalam kegiatan operasional memberikan dampak dalam peningkatan efektivitas dan efisiensi di perusahaan. Resiko keamanan dan kerahasiaan data merupakan isu utama yang menjadi perhatian pengguna. Profesi akuntan juga diharapkan ikut melakukan adaptasi teknologi, paradigma dan cara kerja. Keterbatasan penelitian yang membahas mengenai cloud accounting merupakan sebuah peluang untuk mengembangkan tema ini dari berbagai perspektif.
Resesi dan Dampaknya pada Hubungan Manajemen Modal Kerja dan Profitabilitas
Authors: Dhamayanti Flora , Senlia Clara , Rinaningsih Rinaningsih , Yuliati Retno
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh kondisi resesi terhadap hubungan manajemen modal kerja dan profitabilitas. 3.012 perusahaan terbuka di Asia Tenggara digunakan sebagai sampel pada periode observasi 2000-2016. Manajemen modal kerja diukur dengan cash conversion cycle dan profitabilitas diukur dengan return on assets. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cash conversion cycle secara signifikan meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan-perusahaan di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa periode resesi tidak memoderasi hubungan dari kedua variabel tersebut. Adanya pelemahan kondisi ekonomi menyebabkan signifikansi manajemen modal kerja tidak mengalami perubahan saat resesi terjadi. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi manajemen untuk memastikan keseimbangan antara likuiditas dan profitabilitas.
Pemberlakuan Kurikulum Berbasis Nilai dan Karakter dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Terhadap Kecerdasan Spiritual Siswa SMA Negeri Di Tana Toraja.
Authors: Rantesalu Syani Bombongan
Published: December 2020

Abstract: A value and character based curriculum is the core of the curriculum from time to time which is designed to answer the challenges of the times. In this paper, the author wants to examine the application of value-based and character-based curriculum in Christian Religious Education learning to the spiritual intelligence of public high school students in Tana Toraja. This is considered important because in the implementation of a value-based and character-based curriculum it has less impact on the spiritual intelligence of state high school students in Tana Toraja. The method used in this paper is qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. This study concludes that the curriculum developed in Christian religious education learning is still general in nature, which is designed in general in a universal context which is then developed according to a particular context. The curriculum in the context of Christianity in learning values and character in Christian education is only one source, namely from the Bible and applies to everyone in all places, as for the value in character building in relation to this spiritual intelligence, namely the value of love which is the main command of God, readiness to hear. and slow to speak, the value of holiness is not defiling oneself with various temptations and the values of the fruit of the Holy Spirit, namely love, joy, peace, patience, generosity, kindness, loyalty, gentleness and self-control.Keywords: values, character, spiritual intelligence  Abstrak: Kurikulum berbasis nilai dan karakter adalah inti dari dari kurikulum dari masa ke masa yang di desain untuk menjawab tantangan jaman. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis ingin mengkaji pemberlakuan kurikulum berbasis nilai dan karakter dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen terhadap Kecerdasan spiritual siswa SMA Negeri di Tana Toraja. Hal ini dianggap penting oleh karena dalam pemberlakuan kurikulum berbasis nilai dan karakter kurang berdampak bagi kecerdasan spiritual siswa SMA Negeri di Tana Toraja. Dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis dekriptif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, kurikulum yang dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan Agama kristen masih bersifat umum, yakni dirancang secara umum dalam konteks universal yang kemudian dikembangkan sesuai konteks tertentu. Kurikulum dalam konteks kekristenan dalam pembelajaran nilai dan karakter pada pendidikan Kristen hanya satu sumber yakni dari Alkitab dan berlaku bagi setiap orang disegala tempat, adapun nilai dalam pembentukan karakter dalam kaitannya dengan kecerdasan spiritual ini yakni nilai kasih yang merupakan perintah utama Tuhan Allah, kesiapan untuk mendengar dan lambat untuk berkata-kata, nilai kekudusan yakni tidak menajiskan diri dengan berbagai godaan jasmani dan nilai-nilai dari buah Roh Kudus Kata Kunci: Nilai, karakter, kecerdasan spiritual
Analysis of Different Types of Network Attacks on the GNS3 Platform
Authors: DAŞ Resul , BİTİKÇİ Burak
Published: December 2020

In this study, DDoS, SQL injection and XSS attacks that hackers use most in cyber attacks are modeled on GNS3 emulator platform and network security is analyzed. A network scenario was designed using Graphical Network Simulator (GNS3), virtual machines, VMware workstation, firewall, router, and switches in order to examine the attacks on networks in real environment. Attacks were performed on this network with different techniques and target servers and devices were affected by the attacks. At the time of the attack, network traffic between the attacker and the target device was recorded with Wireshark software. Network traffic records and traces were examined and evaluations of attacks were made.
Adding Virtual Objects to Realtime Images; A Case Study in Augmented Reality
Authors: EDİZ Çağla
Published: December 2020

Augmented reality applications related with faces such as make-up, hair design, wearing glasses are mostly prepared for entertainment purposes. Facilitating the preparation of augmented reality applications and more accurate analysis of real-world data in applications will enable these applications to be used more widely in different sectors such as R&D, education and marketing. In generally, the steps in image-based augmented reality applications can be listed as follows; detection of the targeted object, finding two reference points for each targeted object in 2D images, determining the boundaries of virtual object in its image and inserting the virtual object in real time. In this study, the problems that may be encountered in preparations of these augmented reality applications expected to be used more in the future are examined through a case study. Firstly, haar cascade classifiers, used to find different face areas, are compared and as a result of the comparison, it is decided to use eye haar cascade. Afterwards, rule-based approaches have been used to eliminate the wrong ones among the found eyes and to match the eyes of the same face. Then the position, size and angle of the virtual object to be added are calculated and it is added to the face using affine transformations. The problems encountered in augmented reality and algorithms used for problem solving are explained through the virtual hat application, but these simply prepared algorithms, can be used for different objects such as hair and glasses by changing the target points.
The Data Science Met with the COVID-19: Revealing the Most Critical Measures Taken for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: KABAKUŞ Abdullah Talha
Published: December 2020

The whole world has been fighting against the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) for months. Despite the advances in medical sciences, more than 235,000 people have died so far. And, despite all the measures taken for it, more than 3 million people have become sick of the COVID-19. The measures taken for the COVID-19 vary through countries. So, revealing the most critical measures is necessary for a better fight against both the COVID-19 and possible similar pandemics in the future. To this end, an analysis of the worldwide measures, which were taken so far, for the COVID-19 pandemic was proposed within this paper. Since it is still early days, for the best of our knowledge, there does not exist a single dataset contains all the features utilized within this study. Therefore, a novel global dataset containing the data regarding the COVID-19 for 52 countries around the world was constructed by combining various datasets. Then, the feature importance techniques were employed to reveal the importance of the utilized features which means revealing the most important measures taken for the COVID-19 pandemic for our case. Within the analysis, four features were utilized, namely, the population density, the walking mobility, the driving mobility, and the number of lockdown days. According to the experimental result, the population density was found as the most important feature which means the most critical measure in terms of increasing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The order of the importance of the other features was found as the walking mobility, the driving mobility, and the number of lockdown days, respectively.
Analysis of The Covid-19 Impact on Electricity Consumption and Production
Authors: BULUT Mehmet
Published: December 2020

With the year 2020, the world faced a new threat that affects all areas of life, negatively affects production in all areas and paralyzes social life. The measures and restrictions taken by the country's governments to prevent the epidemic from spreading rapidly in the society with the effect of the coronavirus (Covid-19), which first appeared in China and spread all over the world, brought a new lifestyle. Covid-19 has been much the impact on electricity use and electricity production in the period in Turkey as like other countries. There was a sharp decline in commercial and industrial electricity use. The coronavirus effect has also been reflected in the electricity demand and the consumption amount has undergone a great negative change. Due to the enactment of measures against the new type of coronavirus epidemic and the partial or full-time curfews, electricity consumption was moved to homes, supermarkets and hospitals in April 2020 from places where mass consumption is intense, such as industry, workplaces and educational institutions. In this study, Covid-19 period, the first cases were examined electricity production and consumption in Turkey as of the date it is seen throughout, in comparison with electricity consumption data in the same month of the previous years corresponding to this period, the effects on electricity generation and consumption habits of this period were examined.
Pengaruh Komposisi Campuran Minyak Sereh Wangi dan Minyak Cengkeh terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel
Authors: Prahmana Rico Aditia , Alfian Devia Gahana Cindi , Supriyadi Didik , Silitonga Dicky Januarizky , Muhyi Abdul
Published: December 2020

The increase in fuel prices makes the use of essential oils as a natural bio-additive in diesel engines much in demand. This is because essential oils are believed to have good content to improve engine performance and reduce fuel consumption. In this research, essential oils used are citronella oil because they contain carboxylic compounds (-COOH) and clove oil which has the advantage to prevent corrosion. The aim is to improve engine performance and reduce fuel consumption can also prevent corrosion. This research was conducted by mixing citronella oil and clove oil with diesel fuel with a percentage of 1%, 0.5%, and 0.1% of the total volume. The diesel engine is operated with a loading variation of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 W at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The variables measured and calculated in this experiment are power, torque, Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC). The results showed that the addition of citronella oil and clove oil to diesel fuel with a percentage of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% significantly reduced fuel consumption by 14.6%, 12.9%, and 18.3%, respectively. The maximum fuel reduction from mixed oils is only 0.086 liters/hour at 1000W loads with 1% bio-additives content.
Identifikasi Struktur Geologi dan Petrografi di sekitar Observatorium Astronomi Lampung Gunung Betung
Authors: Saputra Hendra , Siringorongo Luhut P. , Suhendi Cahli , Agustina Lea Kristi
Published: December 2020

Lampung Astronomical Observatory (LAO) is located on Betung Mountain which is quite close to the Semangko active fault zone. Betung Mountain is part of the Bukit Barisan which is located west of the city of Bandar Lampung. This mountain has an altitude of about 1200 meters above sea level. There are 6 interesting stations. Most of the stations are located on the upper slopes of Betung Mountain. In the Talang Aji area, there are 2 springs. The other 4 stations consist of waterfalls with varying heights: Talang Teluk waterfall (30 m), Talang Rabun waterfall (20 m), Betung waterfall consists of two minor terraced waterfalls with a height of 5 and 10 m respectively, and Kubu Jambu waterfall (12 m). In general, the orientation of the faults of Mt. Betung was northeast-southwest. The faults are also associated with several waterfalls found in the field. From the joint data processing, it can be interpreted that the fault formed on Betung Mountain is normal. The lithology of Betung Mountain is dominated by volcanic deposits in the form of tuffs. In certain rivers, there are outcrops of lava igneous rock in the form of Andesites. Andesite lava in the northern and southern parts of Betung Mountain has different characteristics.
Pengaruh Temperatur, Komposisi Bahan Cangkang Inti Kelapa Sawit dan Konsentrasi Perekat pada Karakteristik Briket Komersial dari Tempurung Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Persada Guna Bangun , Yunesti Putty
Published: December 2020

Briquettes are an essential product for metal mineral processing plants in Indonesia. One good alternative raw materials for briquettes that do not pollute the environment is the palm kernel shell. This research was conducted by making briquettes from palm kernel shells to find optimal variations in carbonization temperature, material mixture, and adhesive mixture. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale. The palm kernel shell and coal kernel were carbonized at various temperatures, namely 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C, then crushed and sieved to 35 mesh. The powdered palm kernel shell and coal that have become powdered charcoal are weighted based on a mixture of powder and the adhesive composition ratio of 40 g. After that, the briquettes were formed under a pressure of 100 kg/cm² on a cylindrical mold with 40 mm. The analyzes carried out were moisture content, ash content, volatile substances content, fixed carbon content, calorific value, compressive strength, density, porosity, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The results showed that the briquette from the kernel of the palm kernel shell was optimal at a temperature of 550 ° C with a starch adhesive mixture of 7.5%, a pressure of 100 kg/cm², moisture content of 5.34%, an ash content of 5.81%, a substance content. Volatile amounted to 18.77%, 71.08% for fixed carbon, heating value 7125.86 cal/g. Density of 0.78, porosity of 0.04 and strength of 72.56 kg / cm².
The Implementation of Multilevel Colour Thresholding on a Prototype Coffee Machine
Authors: Resfita Nova , Kurnia Rahmadi , Fitrilina Fitrilina
Published: December 2020

The development of computer vision has expanded widely as there is a vast number of its applications in various aspects of daily life. One of its implementations is integrating the image processing technique on a prototype coffee machine based on the speech recognition system. This study aims to detect the requested coffee colour spoken by users which are black, middle and light. The sensor used in this research is a digital PC camera and the applied method is Multilevel Colour Thresholding. Of all experiments conducted, the image processing technique can work perfectly as the camera is able to identify the requested colour of the coffee solution. Furthermore, the system might be developed by improving the multilevel colour thresholding technique as well as advancing the hardware design in order to establish more robust coffee machine based on the requested colour.
Pengaruh Jarak Antar Drain Hole Terhadap Penurunan Muka Air Tanah pada Lereng Tambang Terbuka Batubara
Authors: Fadhilah Rahmat , Widodo Lilik Eko , Iskandar Irwan
Published: December 2020

The presence of groundwater on the slopes of the mine, which means that the slopes are saturated with water, will cause a decrease in slope stability. Drain hole is a method that can be applied to decrease groundwater level on a mine slope. This research was conducted to determine the effect of horizontal distance between drain holes on the mine slope on the decrease in groundwater level (groundwater drawdown). Groundwater flow simulation on the slopes of an open pit coal mine with 3 scenarios, without drain holes, 100 m horizontal space between drain holes, and 50 m horizontal space between drain holes, was carried out to answer the goal of this research. The results obtained from the simulation, the third scenario with a distance between drain holes of 50 m has the maximum result compared to the other two scenarios, which are the percentage of groundwater drawdown of 54.1% and groundwater discharge of 167.3 L/s. So it can be concluded that the denser the horizontal distance between the drain holes on the mine slope, the higher the groundwater drawdown on the slope.
Kristen Koptik Mesir
Authors: Masyhur Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Jumlah pemeluk Kristen Koptik di Mesir terus menurun. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor utama yang menyebabkan diskriminasi yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat Kristen Koptik di tanah kelahiran mereka serta menganalisis dampak dari diskriminasi tersebut terhadap Kristen Koptik. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori konflik Lewis A. Coser untuk menganalisis pokok-pokok permasalahan yang ada. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa terdapat faktor-faktor yang menjadi pemicu utama terjadinya diskriminasi terhadap Kristen Koptik. Faktor-faktor tersebut bersumber dari dua sisi, yaitu dari pemerintah dan non pemerintah. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menghasikan temuan bahwa selain dampak negatif yang diperoleh Kristen Koptik diskriminasi juga memberikan dampak positif, seperti semakin menguatnya solidaritas kelompok mereka, semakin kokohnya identitas mereka sebagai penduduk asli negeri Piramida, dan mereka semakin bangga menjaga identitas sebagai Kristen Koptik.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MODULAR LIGHT-WEIGHT MANIPULATOR FOR HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kurnicki Adam , Stańczyk Bartłomiej
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the design and implementation of mechanics, electronics and control system for a light-weight, modular, robotic manipulator for performing activities that require robot-human interaction in selected medicine-related applications. At the beginning, the functional requirements and physical architecture of such manipulator are discussed. The structure and control systems of the essential manipulator components/joint modules are presented in detail. Next, we introduce the software architecture of the master controller. Finally, examples of the current implementations of the modular manipulator are given.
MULTI-CHANNEL DIGITAL-ANALOG SYSTEM BASED ON CURRENT-CURRENT CONVERTERS
Authors: Azarov Olexiy , Heneralnytskyi Yevhenii , Rybko Nataliia
Published: December 2020

An approach to building a multi-channel digital-analog system is proposed, in which, unlike the known ones, a code-current converter, a controlled current generator, and also a current communication block are used. For a given accuracy, this saves on the analog system equipment. It has been shown that the proposed principle of building a controlled current source in the form of a highly linear push-pull amplifier – current scalar on bipolar transistors with a grounded load – has a high output resistance and wide bandwidth, which allows the use of current switching to implement the multi-channel system mode.
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF NORRIS GAP DERIVATIVES AND ITS PROSPERITIES FOR GAS SPECTRA ANALYSIS
Authors: Cięszczyk Sławomir
Published: December 2020

The article deals with an analysis of the properties of Norris gap derivatives. It discusses issues related to determining information from optical spectra measured with spectrometers. Impulse responses of differentiating filters were introduced using both Norris and Savitzky-Golay methods. The amplitude-frequency responses of the first and second order Norris differentiating filters were compared. The length impact of both segment and gaps on the frequency characteristics of filters was compared. The processing of exemplary gas spectra using the discussed technique was subsequently presented. The effect of first and second order derivatives on the spectra of carbon monoxide rotational lines for low resolution measurements is investigated. The Norris method of derivatives are very simple to implement and the calculation of their parameters does not require the use of advanced numerical methods.
COMPUTER PREDICTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL REGIMES OF RAPID CONE-SHAPED ADSORPTION FILTERS WITH CHEMICAL REGENERATION OF HOMOGENEOUS POROUS LOADS
Authors: Bomba Andrii , Klymyuk Yurii , Prysіazhnіuk Ihor
Published: December 2020

Mathematical models for predicting technological regimes of filtration (water purification from the present impurities), backwashing, chemical regeneration and direct washing of rapid cone-shaped adsorption filters, taking into account the influence of temperature effects on the internal mass transfer kinetics at constant rates of the appropriate regimes, are formulated. Algorithms for numerical-asymptotic approximations of solutions of the corresponding nonlinear singularly perturbed boundary value problems for a model cone-shaped domain bounded by two equipotential surfaces and a flow surface are obtained. The proposed models in the complex allow computer experiments to be conducted to investigate the change of impurity concentrations in the filtration flow and on the surface of the load adsorbent, temperature of the filtration flow, filtration coefficient and active porosity along the filter height due to adsorption and desorption processes, and on their basis, to predict a good use of adsorbents and increase the protective time of rapid cone-shaped adsorption filters with chemical regeneration of homogeneous porous loads.
BIT ERROR NOTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION IN REDUNDANT SUCCESSIVE-APPROXIMATION ADC
Authors: Zakharchenko Serhii , Humeniuk Roman
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to research on the possibilities to use redundant number systems for bit error notification in a successive-approximation ADC during the main conversion mode. The transfer function of a successive-approximation ADC with a non-binary radix is analyzed. If the radix is less than 2, not all possible code combinations appear on the converter output. The process of formation of unused combinations is investigated. The relationship between the bit’s deviations and the list of unused combinations is established. The possibilities of estimating the bit error value without interrupting the process of analog-to-digital conversion is considered.
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PHASE INSTABILITY OF GENERATORS CAUSED BY THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION OF SPACE ON THE PARAMETERS OF CARRIER FREQUENCY SYNCHRONIZATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Turovsky Oleksandr , Panadiy Sergei
Published: December 2020

The article investigates the possibilities of closed and combined synchronization systems for operation in the conditions of phase instability of generators caused by the influence of ionizing radiation of outer space. The inconsistency of the closed-type synchronization system with respect to minimizing the variance of phase errors and increasing the dynamics during carrier frequency tracking is shown. For the combined synchronization system, the article clarifies the process of open communication synthesis and proposes analytical dependences that allow the technique of open communication synthesis to be specified taking into account the phase instability of generators caused by the ionizing radiation of space.
RESEARCH ON A MAGNETIC FIELD SENSOR WITH A FREQUENCY OUTPUT SIGNAL BASED ON A TUNNEL-RESONANCE DIODE
Authors: Osadchuk Alexander , Osadchuk Vladimir , Osadchuk Iaroslav
Published: December 2020

Based on the consideration of physical processes in a tunnel-resonant diode under the action of a magnetic field, the construction of an autogenerating magnetic field sensor with a frequency output signal is proposed. The use of devices with negative differential resistance makes it possible to significantly simplify the design of magnetic field sensors in the entire RF frequency range. Depending on the operating modes of the sensor, an output signal can be obtained in the form of harmonic oscillations, as well as in the form of pulse oscillations of a special form.
The study of the characteristics of the magnetic field sensor is based on the complete equivalent circuit of the tunnel-resonant diode. The equivalent circuit takes into account both the capacitive and inductive properties of the tunneling resonant diode. The inductive component exists under any operating conditions, as a result of the fact that the current flowing through the device is always lagging behind the voltage that caused it, which corresponds to the inductive response of a tunnel-resonant diode.
PRZEGLĄD WYKORZYSTANIA AOI W PROCESIE KONTROLI MONTAŻU POWIERZCHNIOWEGO
Authors: Michalska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Technologia montażu powierzchniowego jest obecnie szeroko stosowana w produkcji zespołów obwodów drukowanych w przemyśle elektronicznym. Zyskała ona bardzo wielu zwolenników. Miniaturyzacja komponentów elektronicznych wymusiła wprowadzenie maszyn wizualnej kontroli poprawności montażu, bardziej dokładnych i szybszych niż ludzkie oko, lupa czy mikroskop. Automatyczna Inspekcja Optyczna (AOI) to proces kontroli wykrywania wad i błędów w początkowym procesie produkcji obwodów drukowanych. Staje się nieodzownym elementem montażu kontraktowego, wpływając na zwiększenie jakości oferowanych usług i efektywności produkcji. Wykorzystywane są w niej nowe konstrukcje głowic pomiarowych, miniaturyzacja sprzętu, oprogramowanie przetwarzące otrzymane obrazy płytek, skomplikowane algorytmy przekształcania obrazu.
MODELING ELECTROMAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND EXPERIMENTING WITH NANOELECTRIC ELEMENTS TO FORM PERIODIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Steinbauer Miloslav , Pernica Roman , Zukal Jiri , Kadlec Radim , Bachorec Tibor , Fiala Pavel
Published: December 2020

We discuss the numerical modeling of electromagnetic, carbon-based periodic structures, including graphene, graphane, graphite, and graphyne. The materials are suitable for sub-micron sensors, electric lines, and other applications, such as those within biomedicine, photonics, nano- and optoelectronics; in addition to these domains and branches, the applicability extends into, for example, microscopic solutions for modern SMART elements. The proposed classic and hybrid numerical models are based on analyzing a periodic structure with a high repeatability, and they exploit the concept of a carbon structure having its fundamental dimension in nanometers. The models can simulate harmonic and transient processes; are capable of evaluating the actual random motion of an electric charge as a source of spurious signals; and consider the parameters of harmonic signal propagation along the structure. The results obtained from the analysis are utilizable for the design of sensing devices based on carbon periodic structures and were employed in experiments with a plasma generator. The aim is to provide a broader overview of specialized nanostructural modeling, or, more concretely, to outline a model utilizable in evaluating the propagation of a signal along a structure’s surface.
USE OF WEB 2.0 TOOLS BY POLISH HEALTH PORTALS
Authors: Czerwinska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The Internet, as a global, universal communication network, has become an important channel of information distribution. Currently, it has a very social character, thanks to the dissemination of Web 2.0 sites, which allow users to create and publish their own multimedia content. Web 2.0 technologies make it easier for users to communicate, create, collaborate and share information. They are widely available and are characterized by low costs of use. The article presents the results of research on the most popular Polish health websites. It was examined whether health services meet the requirements of Web 2.0 sites. The analysis is focused on the technological and social aspects. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in March and April 2020 in Poland was observed as having an influence on users and views of heath websites. The obtained results confirm the use of elements (both technological and social) by health services selected for research. However the usage of Web 2.0 technologies among websites varies.
EL COMPONENTE ÉTICO DE LA MEDIACIÓN RESTAURATIVA
Authors: Ramírez Ramírez Agustín
Published: December 2020

La mediación restaurativa tiene estrechos lazos con la justicia transicional y, aunque una y otra no sustituyen los procesos relacionados con la tutela judicial, los vínculos que mantienen, nos permiten sugerir que la solidaridad, como vertiente ética del comportamiento racional de toda persona, contribuye a la recomposición de las estructuras sociales ante conflictos que por su magnitud no pueden ser resueltos en forma integral a través de los métodos adversariales, por lo que en escenarios de violencia generalizada como los que se presentan en la actualidad en nuestro país, la mediación restaurativa constituye una opción deseable de laspolíticas públicas.
DERECHO COLABORATIVO. EL CONOCIMIENTO QUE TODO ABOGADO DEBE ADQUIRIR PARA LOGRAR UNA LABOR MÁS EFICIENTE
Authors: Montoya Vargas Rafael Horacio
Published: December 2020

En la actualidad, el jurista necesita formarse, no sólo en los esquemas adversariales, sino, también, en las visiones de cooperación y fomento a la cultura de la paz, que no pretenden relegar la perspectiva personal del conflicto, sino generar un comportamiento colaborativo, responsable y constructivo, que permita a las partes asumir sus obligaciones con base en los intereses recíprocos, a fin de proponer soluciones que puedan ser integradoras y participativas. Este enfoque, que pretende desafiar los paradigmas existentes, exige modificar el plan de estudios de la licenciatura en derecho para dar cabida a una nueva asignatura: el derecho colaborativo.
CONSTITUCIÓN Y ESTADO. CONCEPTOS ANÁLOGOS
Authors: De Silva Gutiérrez Gustavo
Published: December 2020

En esta aportación se identifica al Estado con la Constitución. Mediante el sistema analítico y comparativo se advierten las similitudes existentes entre los elementos del Estado y los ámbitos de validez de la norma constitucional, llegando a concluir, que Estado y Constitución son conceptos que corresponden a un mismo ente.El trabajo se desarrolla desde un punto de vista estrictamente jurídico, sin pretender abordar otras materias relacionadas, como la sociología o la política. Kelsen identificó al Estado con el derecho en general. En las siguientes líneas, nos apartamos parcialmente de dicho supuesto, para asentar la identificación en exclusiva con la Constitución, haciendo coincidir ambos conceptos.
O PARADIGMA DA SUSTENTABILIDADE COMO ELEMENTO PROPULSOR DO ESTADO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DE DIREITO
Authors: Batschauer D’Avila Martins Nathalia , Siqueira Garcia Heloise
Published: December 2020

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é a análise da necessidade de consolidação de um novo modelo de Estado de Direito, frente às atuais condições globais de crise ecológica e social. O método utilizado para a pesquisa foi o método indutivo.

Durante o trabalho será analisada a evolução histórica dos Estados de Direito Liberal, Social e Democrático, e a forma como essa evolução está ligada às mudanças de paradigma suscitados pelas crises vivenciadas pela humanidade. Considerando a atual crise ambiental e social vivida mundialmente, será estudada a insurgência da sustentabilidade como novo paradigma e a necessidade da instituição do Estado Socioambiental de Direito.
ORIGINALIDAD, CREATIVIDAD Y REGISTRO DEL DERECHO DE AUTOR
Authors: Hernández López Carlos
Published: December 2020

Recensión sobre el libro “Originalidad, creatividad y registro del derecho de autor” de Jesús Parets Gómez.
Localised FM Digital Audio Broadcasting using WiFi Mesh Networks
Authors: Verma Ashvin , Kar Somesh , Ahuja Priyanshi
Published: December 2020

Digital Audio Broadcasting via FM radio transmission on the VHF-II Band remains widely in use despite advancements in other wireless technologies due to its accessibility, particularly in rural areas where CRS help facilitate cultural expression and aid local information delivery. Current CRS are expensive and power-intensive while remaining challenging to scale, especially across hilly environments and uneven terrain.

This paper first examines the need for a low-cost, scalable CRS in 2 regions, namely India and African countries, using recent social science literature and reporting. Then, we evaluate the performance of the proposed community radio mesh system for range, scalability, and transmission quality. The system consists of low-cost and modular FM transmitter units connected to each other via a WiFi MeshNet which is used to transmit digital audio signals from the hub node. Each transmitter unit then broadcasts this digital audio signal in the VHF-II band, supported by standard feature phones and other FM receivers. The transmitter units consist of COTS components running on open-source software.

The transmission quality has been analyzed using objective metrics such as Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio and interpreted from PSD spectrograms and the output of Discrete Fourier Transforms. While field trials and further research are necessary, the approach seems promising for rolling out mid-to-large scale community radio mesh systems.
ANÁLISE DA RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO CIVIL DOS VEÍCULOS AUTÔNOMOS CONDUZIDOS POR INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: Garcia Denise Schmitt Siqueira , Pscheidt Eduardo Luiz
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo aborda através do meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de análise de dados, a possibilidade de criação de personalidade jurídica da Inteligência Artificial condutora de veículos autônomos pelos fatos jurídicos ocorridos e como bem demonstrou a pesquisa realizada, apresentou-se inviável a criação de personalidade jurídica para a Inteligência artificial, tento em vista que o entendimento da academia nesta esfera é o da desdignificação da pessoa humana durante a criação de Personalidade às máquinas, desta forma, responsabilizando ainda o ser humano por suas criações. Criou-se a discussão então de quem deveria ser responsabilizado, concluindo que, por ter o fornecedor do produto proteção pelos riscos do desenvolvimento, sobretudo no que tange ao que ainda lhe falta de tecnologia para o desenvolvimento dos veículos totalmente autônomos, as eventuais falhas são assumidas pelos donos do veículo. A metodologia utilizada foi o método indutivo com as técnicas do referente, do conceito operacional, das categorias e do fichamento.
CONCEITO DE BEM JURÍDICO COMO RELAÇÃO DE DISPONIBILIDADE
Authors: Vidal Guaragni Giovanni , Guaragni Fábio André
Published: December 2020

O texto busca, a partir do diálogo entre o princípio liberal do dano (harm principle) e a teoria do bem jurídico – que fornece um conceito mais preciso do objeto de lesão a ser evitada –, por um fundamento sólido à limitação da ingerência penal estatal. Valendo-se de metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, adota-se um conceito de bem jurídico como relação de disponibilidade, abarcando não somente o aspecto objetivo, que costuma ser ressaltado pela doutrina, mas sua relação com o sujeito titular da relação concreta. Ao incorporar a vítima ao bem jurídico, sua autonomia e poder de dispor de uma prerrogativa relacionada ao bem objetivo não mais se colocam de uma perspectiva externa, mas interna e constitutiva do objeto de proteção da norma. Nesse sentido é que a teoria do bem jurídico, aliada ao harm principle, constitui um limite à intervenção estatal sobre comportamentos imorais e autolesivos, de um ponto de vista não meramente consequencialista, mas deontológico, demarcado pela autonomia da vítima. O risco proibido e a lesão sancionável, assim, têm por referência o bem jurídico como relação sujeito-objeto, de modo a considerar a autonomia do titular da relação que se supõe ter sido negativamente afetada.
PRINCÍPIO DA REPARAÇÃO E SUA APLICABILIDADE NO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS
Authors: Pires Costa Luiz Claudio , Figueiredo Pinheiro Jucinara , Alegre Ferreira Rubia Silene
Published: December 2020

De relevância, tanto nacional, quanto internacional, o Direito Ambiental é a fonte dos princípios e mecanismos para que possamos minimizar os danos e impactos negativos ao meio ambiente local e global. O princípio da reparação aqui estudado, nos dá esse auxílio, trazendo uma maior efetividade na eplicabilidade das sanções por danao ao meio ambiente. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a investigação da aplicabilidade da reparação pela análise de suas formas, buscando a apresentação da legislação a ela relacionada e sua abrangência, identificando o destino dado aoas valores das reparações pecuniárias, a fim de justicicar sua cobrança na área ambiental. Para responder a esses objetivos foi efetuada revisão bibliográfica tendo como base a doutrina, a legislação e a jurisprudência. Os resultados apontam para uma obrigação de utilização dos recursos provenientes das sanções, tanto administrativas quanto judiciais, na reparação ou recomposição dos danos ambientais causados e a manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico, conforme determinação da nossa Carta Magna.
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN PROGRAM ISI PIRINGKU TERHADAP PENINGKATAN SIKAP DAN PERILAKU IBU DALAM MANANGANI BALITA GIZI BURUK
Authors: Rahmanindar Nora , Harnawati Riska Arsita
Published: December 2020

Derajat kesehatan masyarakat dapat dilihat dari berbagai faktor yang meliputi indikator umur harapan hidup, angka kematian, angka kesakitan dan status gizi masyarakat. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan yaitu dengan memperbaiki status gizi masyarakat terlebih pada balita. Balita termasuk kelompok paling rentan terhadap masalah gizi jika ditinjau dari sudut masalah kesehatan dan gizi, sedangkan pada masa ini mereka mengalami siklus pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang relatif pesat. Istilah ''Isi Piringku'' dengan gizi seimbang perlu diperkenalkan dan dibiasakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam satu porsi makan, setengah piring diisi oleh sayur dan buah, setengahnya lagi diisi dengan sumber protein (baik nabati maupun hewani) dengan proporsi lebih banyak daripada karbohidrat.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui Pengaruh Penyuluhan Program Isi Piringku Terhadap Peningkatan Sikap Dan Perilaku Dalam Menangani Balita Gizi Buruk DI Puskesmas Margadana.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Quasy eksperimen dengan rancangan one grup pretest-post test, dan menggunakan teknik acidental sampling, penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2020, sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini 35 ibu yang mempunyai balita. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Instrumen yang  digunakan  pada  penelitian  ini  adalah  kuesioner  untuk  pengukuran  sikap  dan perilaku ibu dalam menangani gizi buruk.

Hasil penelitian ini Analisis dengan uji Wilcoxon diperoleh P Value 0,002 < α 0,05 maka HO ditolak dan H1 diterima dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penyuluhan program isi piringku terhadap peningkatan sikap ibu dalam menangani balita gizi buruk pada responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan program isi piringku. Analisis dengan uji Wilcoxon diperoleh P Value 0,000 < α 0,05 maka HO ditolak dan H1 diterima dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penyuluhan program isi piringku terhadap peningkatan perilaku ibu dalam menangani balita gizi buruk pada responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan program isi piringku.

            Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah adanya pengaruh penyuluhan program isi piringku terhadap peningkatan sikap dan perilaku ibu dalam menangani balita gizi buruk pada responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan program isi piringku. melakukan evaluasi terhadap program yang dilakukan dan lebih memperhatikan metode pendidikan dan media yang digunakan agar informasi yang akan disampaikan dapat diterima dengan mudah sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, bahkan mengubah perilaku masyarakat.