bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quasi-periodic Oscillations of the X-Ray Burst from the Magnetar SGR J1935–2154 and Associated with the Fast Radio Burst FRB 200428
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Ge Mingyu , Lin Lin , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Song Liming , Cao Xuelei , Zhang Bing , Lu Fangjun , Xu Yupeng , Xiong Shaolin , Tuo Youli , Tan Ying , Jiang Weichun , Qu Jinlu , Zhang Shu , Wang Lingjun , Wang Jieshuang , Zhang Binbin , Zhang Peng , Li Chengkui , Liu Congzhan , Li Tipei , Bu Qingcui , Cai Ce , Chen Yong , Chen Yupeng , Chang Zhi , Chen Li , Chen Tianxiang , Chen Yibao , Cui Weiwei , Du Yuanyuan , Gao Guanhua , Gao He , Gu Yudong , Guan Ju , Guo Chengcheng , Han Dawei , Huang Yue , Huo Jia , Jia Shumei , Jin Jing , Kong Lingda , Li Bing , Li Gang , Li Wei , Li Xian , Li Xufang , Li Zhengwei , Liang Xiaohua , Liao Jinyuan , Liu Hexin , Liu Hongwei , Liu Xiaojing , Lu Xuefeng , Luo Qi , Luo Tao , Ma Binyuan , Ma Ruican , Ma Xiang , Meng Bin , Nang Yi , Nie Jianyin , Ou Ge , Ren Xiaoqin , Sai Na , Song Xinying , Sun Liang , Tao Lian , Wang Chen , Wang Pengju , Wang Wenshuai , Wang Yusa , Wen Xiangyang , Wu Bobing , Wu Baiyang , Wu Mei , Xiao Shuo , Yang Sheng , Yang Yanji , Yi Qibin , Yin Qianqing , You Yuan , Yu Wei , Zhang Fan , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Juan , Zhang Wanchang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Yuanhang , Zhao Haisheng , Zhao Xiaofan , Zheng Shijie , Zhou Dengke
Published: May 2022

The origin(s) and mechanism(s) of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are short radio pulses from cosmological distances, have remained a major puzzle since their discovery. We report a strong quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of ∼40 Hz in the X-ray burst from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 and associated with FRB 200428, significantly detected with the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) and also hinted at by the Konus–Wind data. QPOs from magnetar bursts have only been rarely detected; our 3.4σ (p-value is 2.9e–4) detection of the QPO reported here reveals the strongest QPO signal observed from magnetars (except in some very rare giant flares), making this X-ray burst unique among magnetar bursts. The two X-ray spikes coinciding with the two FRB pulses are also among the peaks of the QPO. Our results suggest that at least some FRBs are related to strong oscillation processes of neutron stars. We also show that we may overestimate the significance of the QPO signal and underestimate the errors of QPO parameters if QPO exists only in a fraction of the time series of an X-ray burst that we use to calculate the Leahy-normalized periodogram.
RESOLVE and ECO: Finding Low-metallicity z ∼ 0 Dwarf AGN Candidates Using Optimized Emission-line Diagnostics
Authors: Polimera Mugdha S. , Kannappan Sheila J. , Richardson Chris T. , Bittner Ashley S. , Ferguson Carlynn , Moffett Amanda J. , Eckert Kathleen D. , Bellovary Jillian M. , Norris Mark A.
Published: May 2022

Existing star-forming vs. active galactic nucleus (AGN) classification schemes using optical emission-line diagnostics mostly fail for low-metallicity and/or highly star-forming galaxies, missing AGN in typical z ∼ 0 dwarfs. To recover AGN in dwarfs with strong emission lines (SELs), we present a classification scheme optimizing the use of existing optical diagnostics. We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey emission-line catalogs overlapping the volume- and mass-limited REsolved Spectroscopy Of a Local VolumE (RESOLVE) and Environmental COntex (ECO) surveys to determine the AGN percentage in SEL dwarfs. Our photoionization grids show that the [O iii]/Hβ versus [S ii]/Hα diagram (S ii plot) and [O iii]/Hβ versus [O i]/Hα diagram (O i plot) are less metallicity sensitive and more successful in identifying dwarf AGN than the popular [O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα diagnostic (N ii plot or “BPT diagram”). We identify a new category of “star-forming AGN” (SF-AGN) classified as star-forming by the N ii plot but as AGN by the S ii and/or O i plots. Including SF-AGN, we find the z ∼ 0 AGN percentage in dwarfs with SELs to be ∼3%–16%, far exceeding most previous optical estimates (∼1%). The large range in our dwarf AGN percentage reflects differences in spectral fitting methodologies between catalogs. The highly complete nature of RESOLVE and ECO allows us to normalize strong emission-line galaxy statistics to the full galaxy population, reducing the dwarf AGN percentage to ∼0.6%–3.0%. The newly identified SF-AGN are mostly gas-rich dwarfs with halo mass <1011.5
M
⊙, where highly efficient cosmic gas accretion is expected. Almost all SF-AGN also have low metallicities (Z ≲ 0.4 Z
⊙), demonstrating the advantage of our method.
The Impact of Inclination-dependent Attenuation on Ultraviolet Star Formation Rate Tracers
Authors: Doore Keith , Eufrasio Rafael T. , Lehmer Bret D. , Monson Erik B. , Basu-Zych Antara , Garofali Kristen
Published: May 2022

We examine and quantify how hybrid (e.g., UV+IR) star formation rate (SFR) estimators and the A
FUV–β relation depend on inclination for disk-dominated galaxies using spectral energy distribution modeling that utilizes the inclination-dependent attenuation curves described in Doore et al. We perform this analysis on a sample of 133 disk-dominated galaxies from the CANDELS fields and 18 disk galaxies from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey and Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel samples. We find that both the hybrid SFR estimators and the A
FUV–β relation present clear dependencies on inclination. To quantify this dependence in the hybrid SFR estimators, we derive an inclination and a far-UV–near-IR color-dependent parametric relation for converting observed UV and IR luminosities into SFRs. For the A
FUV–β relation, we introduce an inclination-dependent component that accounts for the majority of the inclination dependence with the scatter of the relation increasing with inclination. We then compare both of these inclination-dependent relations to similar inclination-independent relations found in the literature. From this comparison, we find that the UV+IR correction factor and A
FUV for our hybrid and A
FUV–β relations, respectively, result in a reduction in the residual scatter of our sample by approximately a factor of 2. Therefore, we demonstrate that inclination must be considered in hybrid SFR estimators and the A
FUV–β relation to produce more accurate SFR estimates in disk-dominated galaxies.
On the Single-event-based Identification of Primordial Black Hole Mergers at Cosmological Distances
Authors: Ng Ken K. Y. , Chen Shiqi , Goncharov Boris , Dupletsa Ulyana , Borhanian Ssohrab , Branchesi Marica , Harms Jan , Maggiore Michele , Sathyaprakash B. S. , Vitale Salvatore
Published: May 2022

The existence of primordial black holes (PBHs), which may form from the collapse of matter overdensities shortly after the Big Bang, is still under debate. Among the potential signatures of PBHs are gravitational waves (GWs) emitted from binary black hole (BBH) mergers at redshifts z ≳ 30, where the formation of astrophysical black holes is unlikely. Future ground-based GW detectors, the Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope, will be able to observe equal-mass BBH mergers with total mass of


(
10
–
100
)

M

⊙

at such distances. In this work, we investigate whether the redshift measurement of a single BBH source can be precise enough to establish its primordial origin. We simulate BBHs of different masses, mass ratios and orbital orientations. We show that for BBHs with total masses between 20 M
⊙ and 40 M
⊙ merging at z ≥ 40, one can infer z > 30 at up to 97% credibility, with a network of one Einstein Telescope, one 40 km Cosmic Explorer in the US, and one 20 km Cosmic Explorer in Australia. This number reduces to 94% with a smaller network made of one Einstein Telescope and one 40 km Cosmic Explorer in the US. We also analyze how the measurement depends on the Bayesian priors used in the analysis and verify that priors that strongly favor the wrong model yield smaller Bayesian evidences.
The Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Tongkat Ali Hydrogel on Wound Contraction and Re-Epithelialization in In Vivo Excisional Wound Model
Authors: Al-Bayati Maryam Riyadh Yaseen , Hussein Yahia F. , Faisal Ghasak G. , Fuaat Azliana Abd , Affandi Khairunisa Ahmad , Abidin Muhammad Adil Zainal
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Wound management is one of the significant health problems throughout the world. Medicinal plants have been used widely in wound management. Eurycoma longifolia Jack which is known as Tongkat Ali (TA) is a tropical medicinal plant in South East Asian countries.
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of (TA) hydrogel on wound contraction and re-epithelialization in excisional wound model in rats.
METHODS: Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups each group contained five rats (n = 5). Animal treatment groups are formed as: Untreated (−ve) control, Hydrocyn® aqua gel (+ve), vehicle hydrogel, and (TA) hydrogel. A full-thickness circular excisional wound was created on the dorsal back of each rat. The wounded area was measured and photographed on days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 post wounding to determine the percentage of wound contraction and re-epithelialization.
RESULTS: (TA) hydrogel showed significant increase in the percentage of wound contraction by 43.38% compared with the other groups (p = 0.032, p < 0.050) during the first interval (inflammatory phase). Although in the later healing stages (proliferative and remodeling) and re-epithelialization, our test group (TA) hydrogel did not show statistically difference with the other groups yet it was comparable to medically certified wound healing agent.
CONCLUSION: (TA) hydrogel significantly accelerated the wound healing process during the early stage, the inflammatory stage. Whereas during the later healing stages and re-epithelialization, it showed almost the same effect of Hydrocyn® aqua gel.
Role of Antibodies against SARS-COV-2 in the Detection of Corona Virus, its Transmissibility and Immunological Status Determination among Different Population in Babylon Province
Authors: Al-Saray Dalia , Al-Asady Furqan Mohammed , Tuhair Tuqa
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: The fast worldwide spreading and the elevation of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave lead to decrease capacity of health-care units. It is important to add serology testing to assess viral transmissibility and the possibility of protection against reinfection.

AIM: We aimed to assess the transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in the community and to assess the immunological response, qualitative assay of immunoglobulins (Ig) G and IgM, and the possibility of reinfection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included a total of 553 patients. We used a rapid test cassette of Biozek Medical Company/Netherland of COVID-19 IgG/IgM. It is a chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against the COVID-19 virus in human blood. Biozek Medical Company has created this highly accurate, UK approved, COVID-19 test, which provides high accuracy within 15 min. All required information were collected with the patients’ consent. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics, 2016, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

RESULTS: A total of 320 (57.9%) males and 233 (42.1%) females aged between 2 to 88 years. A significant correlation was found between the age of patients and chronic diseases. While most of the patients did not have any chronic diseases, the patients who had those diseases were mostly aged between their forties to more than 60 of age. A highly significant correlation was found between IgM level in the serum of the patient and the presence of symptoms. A significant correlation was found with chronic diseases and the level of IgG in the serum of patients. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found in patients with previous COVID-19 infections.

CONCLUSIONS: Serological testing of IgM and IgG for COVID-19 is very helpful in diagnosing asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, evaluating the immunological status of individuals toward COVID-19 and giving an idea about the spreading of COVID-19 among different populations.
Screening and Antidiarrheal Activity Testing of Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha) Leaves
Authors: Ardianto Arif , Munarsih Dena , Rahayu Iin Nur , Aslam Muhammad Muzhil , Aditya M. Fahrul , Estiningsih Daru , Fatmawati Annisa , Saputro Pujo Hari
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diarrhea in Indonesia is exceedingly high. In consequence, it causes an increment of morbidity and mortality rate in toddlers. Furthermore, every year more than 1.3 billion toddlers suffer from diarrhea, and 3.2 million experience death from this disease. Based on empirical evidence in Pelita Jaya, Pesisir Barat of Lampung, Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha) leaves are commonly used to treat diarrhea, rheumatism, and bleeding wounds. In addition, alkaloids are one of the compounds contained in sembung rambat leaves that can reduce or inhibit the disposal of waste substances from the body or have antidiarrheal properties.

AIM: The research aims to prove the potential effect of sembung rambat (M. micrantha) leaf extract as an antidiarrheal agent by screening and conducting a pharmacological test on male Swiss mice.

METHODS: The phytochemical qualitative analysis was employed to screen the M. micrantha leaf extract. Moreover, the antidiarrheal effect was tested using the intestinal transit method of diarrhea in mice induced by Oleum Ricini.

RESULTS: The phytochemical screening results show that there are the secondary metabolites of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins contained in the extract. The measurement of the marker length on the intestine length (ratio) after t = 65 min exhibits that the ethanol extract of sembung rambat (M. micrantha) leaf contains an antidiarrheal activity with a dose variation of 100 mg/kg BW, 150 mg/kg BW, and 200 mg/kg BW.

CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol extract of sembung rambat (M. micrantha) leaves at various doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 150 mg/kg BW, and 200 mg/kg BW possesses antidiarrheal activities. The most effective dose is 200 mg/kg BW as it performed the closest ratio to the positive control group.
Nutritional Status and its Associations with Eating Behavior and Diet Quality among Adult: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Muslihah Nurul , Ariestiningsih Ayuningtyas Dian , Almirra Ilma Rizky , Ginting Anastasia Triffani
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Obesity among adults is a significant public health problem. Diet quality might be influenced by eating behavior and is associated with nutritional status, but research is lacking in obese adults in Indonesia.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating behavior, diet quality, and obesity.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 144 respondents (39.6% males and 60.4% females), aged 39.07 ± 5.48 years, who were selected using stratified random sampling from five subdistrict in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The eating behavior score was calculated using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the diet quality using the Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I) from SQ-FFQ. Association of eating behavior, diet quality, and nutritional status was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: The study showed that the prevalence of obesity among female adults was higher (31.9%) than males (18.8%). The female participant had a two-fold higher likelihood of being overweight or obese than the male participant (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.077; 4.071, p < 0.05). The average diet quality score was 57.99 ± 7.26 or 80% from a total score of 100. There was no significant difference in total DQI-I and component scores, including variety, adequacy, moderation, and overall balance across nutritional status and sex, p > 0.005. The poor-diet quality was higher in the overweight and obesity group (43.75 %) than the normal group (16.67%). There was a statistically significant difference of restrained eating with overweight and obesity status (p < 0.05) with OR 2,652 (CI 95% 1.149; 6.119) and female (OR 2.496, CI 95% 1.195; 5.212, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that obesity was prevalent in female adults, and there is a relationship between obesity and restraint eating among adults. Future studies should examine the causal effects of eating behaviors on quality diet and in the development of obesity.
A Qualitative Study: Mothers’ Experience in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during and after Pregnancy in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Subarto Claudia Banowati , Matsuzaki Mika , Estrade Michelle , Sundemeir Samantha , Hakimi Mohammad , Isnaeni Yuli , Hadi Hamam , Kurniasari Yulinda , Fatimah Siti , Yulyani Linda , Wijayanti Indah
Published: May 2022

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) incidence is related to maternal and child health risks, such as pre-eclampsia, premature births, and the development of type 2 diabetes at 5-10 years after pregnancy. The adaptation process of women with GDM is complicated and requires a series of treatments and behavior changes over a short period. The psychological support of families and healthcare professionals is indispensable in achieving GDM management success. 
Objectives: This research aimed to explore Indonesian mothers' experiences in GDM management and support during and after pregnancy 
Methods: The design of research implemented qualitative approaches, phenomenology, and the homogenous purposive technique to recruit 12 participants. In-depth interviews were carried out with each participant using face to face. Interviews were recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed thematically by Collaizi. 
Results:  Five themes emerged: responses to GDM diagnosis; GDM management during pregnancy; obstacles in GDM management; support for GDM management; and post-natal self-management. Adherence to diet and exercise recommendations is difficult for some participants, although they have a good understanding of GDM. Feeling the fetus's movement of and surrendering to God become forms of psychological support and motivation in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. 
Conclusions:  The barriers and facilitators for GDM management identified here are multidimensional and may help facilitate health workers to more effectively support women with GDM in overcoming the perceived obstacles so that they can still feel a safe and comfortable during pregnancy with minimum risk.
Hopf bifurcations in the full SKT model and where to find them
Authors: Soresina Cinzia
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider the Shigesada–Kawasaki–Teramoto (SKT) model, which presents cross-diffusion terms describing competition pressure effects. Even though the reaction part does not present the activator–inhibitor structure, cross-diffusion can destabilise the homogeneous equilibrium. However, in the full cross-diffusion system and weak competition regime, the cross-diffusion terms have an opposite effect and the bifurcation structure of the system modifies as the interspecific competition pressure increases. The major changes in the bifurcation structure, the type of pitchfork bifurcations on the homogeneous branch, as well as the presence of Hopf bifurcation points are here investigated. Through weakly nonlinear analysis, we can predict the type of pitchfork bifurcation. Increasing the additional cross-diffusion coefficients, the first two pitchfork bifurcation points from super-critical become sub-critical, leading to the appearance of a multi-stability region. The interspecific competition pressure also influences the possible appearance of stable time-period spatial patterns appearing through a Hopf bifurcation point.
Diabetes distress in Barbadian adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: DaSantos Allison , Goddard Carlisle , Ragoobirsingh Dalip
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Psychological disorders such as diabetes distress may negatively influence how patients effectively manage their illness. Therefore, discernment of such influential psychosocial components could be pertinent in promoting competent diabetes management. The vital psychosocial aspect of diabetes distress in diabetes management within the Caribbean context remains unexplored. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of diabetes distress (DD), and explore its relationship to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in Barbadian adults with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with adults (n = 509) ages 20–80 years with T2DM. The survey comprised, a profile section, and a standardized questionnaire—the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). In addition, biological (A1C and blood pressure measurements were also collected.

Results

The sample comprised 30.8% males and 69.2% females. Moderate to high DD identified in 17% of the patients (9.4% moderate distress, 7.2% high distress). Moderate distress was more frequent in unmarried persons; younger persons had high DD. There was no difference in rates of moderate to high DD in women (16.7%) compared to men (16.2%) and, as age and years lived with diabetes increased, diabetes distress decreased.

Conclusions

The results emphasized the need for considerations that must be given to Barbadian diabetes patients' mental well-being. In recognition of the role DD plays in the patients' experiences, screening should be incorporated into clinical care.
«Çierta merced en el bálsamo…». Sobre la introducción en el mercado europeo del Bálsamo de Villasante (1526-1532)
Authors: González Bueno Antonio , Cueli Trelle Raquel Claudia , Ramos Carrillo Antonio
Published: May 2022

El descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo modificó la terapéutica europea. El «Bálsamo de Villasante» es un ejemplo paradigmático de cómo un producto empleado asiduamente por la población indígena de La Española fue sometido a un monopolio comercial y revestido de una explicación galénica sobre su utilidad para su introducción en el mercado europeo. Analizamos el proceso de descontextualización del producto y su introducción comercial en Europa, bosquejando el sistema de red para llevarlo a cabo, la protección ejercida por la Corona y el interés de los comerciantes genoveses.
Trabajos forzados en los presidios y obras públicas en la provincia de Caracas durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Villamizar Hernando
Published: May 2022

Este artículo expone las condiciones de explotación de la fuerza de trabajo convicta, tomando en cuenta las dinámicas de un mercado laboral heterogéneo, donde coexistían distintas taxonomías de trabajadores forzados y libres. Tres niveles de abordaje son desarrollados: primeramente, la revisión de los antecedentes y auge de la pena de presidio en la provincia de Caracas durante el siglo XVIII; en segundo lugar, la descripción de los distintos trabajos que realizaban los convictos; finalmente, el análisis de las logísticas de sujeción que sometían y convertían los cuerpos de los condenados en fuerza de trabajo.
De indios a ciudadanos: políticas indígenas, negociación y acomodo en Chile (1818-c. 1860)
Authors: Catepillán Tessi Tomás
Published: May 2022

Este artículo examina la relación entre la naciente república chilena y los antiguos indios o indígenas del período monárquico, a través del estudio de dos regiones: la provincia de Chiloé y la zona central chilena. En estos dos casos identificaremos: 1) los mecanismos legales y extralegales utilizados para ciudadanizar a los indios, y 2) la negociación y el acomodo desarrollados por aquellos indígenas en el nuevo contexto político, con el doble resultado de la ladinización y la práctica de una ciudadanía indígena.
Descubrir «América» y pensar las patrias. Figuras de la vida letrada cubana en la Exposición de Chicago de 1893
Authors: Bruno Paula
Published: May 2022

El artículo propone una aproximación a la Exposición de Chicago de 1893 como escenario que propició el surgimiento de repertorios de ideas e imágenes sobre las siguientes temáticas: tensiones entre Nuevo y Viejo Mundo, reconsideraciones acerca de los lazos coloniales, dinámicas geopolíticas, y disputas o tensiones identitarias. Para realizar este análisis se centra la atención en figuras de la vida letrada cubana que visitaron la Exposición de Chicago y cubrieron el evento en crónicas publicadas en diarios y revistas. Se trata de Eva Canel, Aurelia Castillo, Raimundo Cabrera y Manuel Serafín Pichardo.
Sergei Yudin (1891-1954) y la transfusión de sangre cadavérica. Sus repercusiones en Europa occidental
Authors: Marco Igual Miguel
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo rescatar del olvido la historia de las transfusiones de sangre cadavérica y la figura de su principal artífice, Sergei Yudin. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de fuentes bibliográficas en diferentes idiomas para describir su trayectoria vital y su obra científica. La idea partió de las experiencias transfusionales en perros de Vladimir Shamov y fue desarrollada clínicamente a partir de 1930 por Yudin en el Instituto Sklifosovsky de Medicina de Emergencia de Moscú, donde se realizaron transfusiones de sangre cadavérica humana de manera regular durante cuatro décadas. La conservación de esta sangre durante varias semanas permitió la creación del primer banco de sangre en el mundo y fue el punto de partida de los trasplantes clínicos, considerando que la sangre es un tejido especial. A finales de los años veinte y principios de los treinta, Yudin viajó a Alemania, Francia, España e Inglaterra y gozó de gran prestigio entre los círculos médicos internacionales, incluidos los catalanes y españoles. El curso de su vida fue azaroso, pasando de ser el cirujano más prestigioso de la Unión Soviética al ostracismo tras ser encarcelado en 1948 y posteriormente desterrado a Siberia.
Factors Affecting Students’ Continued Usage Intention of E-Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Extending Delone & Mclean IS Success Model
Authors: Awad Rehan , Aljaafreh Ali , Salameh Anas
Published: May 2022

Due to COVID-19 pandemic, electronic learning (e-learning) has been considered as a main tool for delivering education all over the world. The study aims at identifying the factors affecting students’ continued usage intention of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic and the mediating role of student satisfaction. To achieve that, a research model has been developed through combining Delone & McLean model, diffusion of innovation theory, and COVID-19 perceived risk and self-efficacy as contextual factors. The data was collected through surveying students around the country, (542) questionnaires were collected, (525) responses are accepted for data analysis from the total questionnaires that were distributed electronically. Smart PLS 2 was used to assess the proposed model. The results showed that compatibility, Relative advantage, COVID-19 Perceived Risk, and satisfaction have a direct significant influence on students’ continued usage intention. However, all the factors have been found to have an indirect significant impact on students' continued usage intention when the factor “satisfaction” mediated the relationships.
Formative Evaluation of College Students’ Online English Learning Based on Learning Behavior Analysis
Authors: Zhang Chenhong , Gao Mingli , Song Wenyu , Liu Chong
Published: May 2022

To measure the achievements and progress of college students in online learning, online learning platforms and teachers must pay attention to the formative evaluation of the learning process. The relevant data should be fully utilized to analyze the online English learning behavior of college students, such that online learning platforms and teachers can make formative evaluation of the students’ online learning. However, the existing studies on formative evaluation are mostly theoretical. To solve the problem, this paper explores the formative evaluation of college students’ online English learning based on learning behavior analysis. Firstly, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) was adopted to analyze the data samples of college students’ online English learning behavior, the evaluation indices were selected for the formative evaluation of the said behavior, and the index weighting method was explained in details. Next, the school precaution function of online English learning was realized through the graph structure data prediction of students’ online learning behavior. Based on the proposed graph neural network, the clustering Euclidean distance weight was introduced to measure the similarity between two nodes. In addition, the weight update process was illustrated for the distance weight-based attention mechanism. The proposed formative evaluation approach was proved effective through experiments.
Multi-Mode e-Learning System of Reading Skills for Deaf Students Based on Visual Multimedia
Authors: Hussein Karim Qassim , Al-Bayati Maha A.
Published: May 2022

This research aims at developing an e- spelling system supported by effective multimedia technique of sign language and finger spelling. However the aimed system should enhance the hearing disability for the Deaf student so he can enter his desired paragraph then the spelling process  could be accomplished in two stages, the fist stage  is the word spelling which translates each word into the corresponding sign language video clip (MPEG video cut). Then stopping message appears asking the Deaf student to move to the second  stage of translating. The second stage is the letter spelling which translates the current translated word (in sign language) into finger spelling letter by letter in sequence. Both stages of spelling are controlled by the Deaf student. After completing translation of that word into alphabets finger spelling, the next word would  be translated into the corresponding sign language video clip. Real run-out forms (8 screens) have been displayed to describe the tracing process of translating and spelling via this e-spelling system. The system has been showed/tried by some experts to get the valuable feedback from them. As final result it is expected that Deaf students can improve their skills in English reading when they practice, drill and repeat the translating and spelling process of various English sentences and words. One hand ASL (American Sign Language) alphabets are used for letter spelling and Indian Sign Language Dictionary is used for word spelling. Visual programming coding source and its multimedia control components/techniques with database have been used in developing this system
A Systematic Literature Review of Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ghazi Alaan , Alisawi Muthana , Mohammed Wahab Yousif , Al-Dawoodi Aras , Saber Abdullah Sirwan , Hammood Layth , Yaseen Nawaf Asmaa
Published: May 2022

The Blockchain technology moves data nodes and data streams from one informatics center to another based on the importance of Bitcoins, resulting in a dedicated, public, and secure network for interpretation and development of the ensuing information chain reaction. Blockchains are frequently formed by connecting interrelated patterns of information in order to conduct a secure transaction. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, transparency, immutability, autonomy, open-source, anonymity, and consensus. Blockchains are being utilized in a variety of real-world applications, including business and economics, financial technology, and digital currencies. This article does a comprehensive review of the literature on blockchain technology. While searching for the keyword "blockchain" as a subject, we identified a total of 1882 entries in these databases. After removing the less common record kinds, the papers were reduced to 1246 articles, which were then used for further investigation.
Post-traumatic stress in people from the interior drylands of the Maule region, Chile in the context of climate change
Authors: Cáceres Cristian , Leiva-Bianchi Marcelo , Ormazábal Yony , Mena Carlos , Cantillana Juan Carlos
Published: May 2022

Progressive changes in local environmental scenarios, accelerated by global climate change, can negatively affect the mental health of people who inhabit these areas. The magnitude of these effects may vary depending on the socioeconomic conditions of people and the characteristics of the environment, so certain territories can be more vulnerable than others. In this context, the present study aimed to geographically analyse the levels of psychosocial impact and the types of disruptive responses related to the new territorial scenarios caused by climate change in the coastal drylands of the Maule region, Chile. For this purpose, 223 people from two communes (Curepto and Pencahue) were psychosocially evaluated for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) together with a survey of the prevailing sociodemographic and socioeconomic conditions in relation to the environmental variables of the territory. All information was georeferenced, stored within an ArcGIS Desktop geographic information system (GIS) and then investigated by application of contingency tables, ANOVA and local clustering analysis using SSP statistical software. The results indicated a high level of PTSD in the population, with significant differences related to age and education as well as employment conditions and income. The spatial results showed high PTSD values in the communal capital of Curepto in the central agricultural valley near the estuary of the local river, while the existence of coldspots was observed in the central valley of the Pencahue commune. It was concluded that proximity to population centres and surface water sources played the greatest role for the development of PTSD.
Spatial autocorrelation and stratified heterogeneity in the evaluation of breast cancer risk inequity and socioeconomic factors analysis in China: Evidence from Nanchang, Jiangxi Province
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Wan Zhiwei
Published: May 2022

Study of socioeconomic factors can play an important role in the spatial distribution of breast cancer by leading to a better understanding of its spatial pattern and assist breast cancer screening and early diagnosis. Taking Nanchang, a major city in central China, as an example, spatial autocorrelation and stratified heterogeneity were applied using a 10 10 km grid division to analyse breast cancer risk and socioeconomic factors. The research results showed that the median incidence rate of female breast cancer in Nanchang from 2016 to 2018 was 6.6/100,000 with a standard deviation of 12.3/100,000. Areas with higher incidence rates were mainly located in the central urban area and the major county towns. Spatial regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the spatial patterns of breast cancer incidence on the one hand, and on the other socioeconomic factors, such as total gross domestic product (GDP), per capita GDP and density of places of social and economic activities, i.e. points of interest. In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index also played a part in this respect. This research could serve as a reference for regional public health policy formulation and breast cancer screening.
Assessing CD4 rejections across a national laboratory service for 2018 in South Africa: highlighting the importance of adherence to national handbook guidelines
Authors: Cassim Naseem , Buthelezi Ernest P. , Coetzee Lindi Marie , Glencross Deborah K.
Published: May 2022

The National Health Laboratory Service as the preferred pathology service provider for the public health sector in South Africa, developed a national laboratory handbook to improve the clinic-laboratory-interface. A separate primary health care laboratory handbook was developed as part of the ideal clinic initiative by the National Department of Health. This study aimed to assess adherence to these guidelines using CD4 rejections the indicator. The retrospective crosssectional study design was used to analyse national laboratory data for the period from January to December 2019. Data were analysed using SAS 9.4. Lookup tables assigned the origin (health facility/laboratory), rejection reason, and sub-reason based on the populated rejection description that was captured in the laboratory information system. The rejection rate [RR = (rejections/total volume) ´ 100] was reported at the national, provincial and district levels. There were 85,378 rejections reported for 2,844,242 tests (RR 3.0%). Data was reported for 4136 health facilities across nine provinces. The RR was higher for an origin defined as health facility (2.9%) than laboratories (0.1%). The most common rejection reason was unsuitable specimen received (RR=2.3%), representing 75% of all rejections. This rejection criteria included using the incorrect anticoagulant, clotted sample and haemolysis. The provincial RR ranged from 2.2% to 4.0%. Three districts had an elevated RR ≥6% (organisational cut-off set at RR ≤5%). This study demonstrated the value of laboratory data to assess specimen rejections and identify causes to facilitate targeted training.
Telemedicine in Ghana: Insight into the past and present, a narrative review of literature amidst the Coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Dzando Gideon , Akpeke Hope , Kumah Augustine , Agada Ernest , Lartey Augustina A. , Nortu Joseph , Nutakor Hillary S. , Donyi Anthony B. , Dordunu Rebecca
Published: May 2022

The Coronavirus pandemic has destabilized many healthcare systems globally since the outbreak was announced. The mode of transmission of the virus has affected the traditional face-to-face mode of seeking healthcare. The world health organization recommends measures, including limiting physical contact as a means of preventing the spread of the virus. Many countries across the world are utilizing telemedicine during this pandemic to provide basic healthcare to their citizens. The implementation of telemedicine in sub–Saharan Africa has encountered many challenges. The surge in the number of covid-19 cases in Ghana calls for drastic measures to contain the repercussions of the pandemic. The Government of Ghana and other private organizations continue to scale up efforts to integrate telemedicine into the mainstream healthcare system. This study seeks to explore and provide insight into the state of telemedicine in Ghana prior to and during the Coronavirus pandemic. This study is a narrative review of literature on the use of telemedicine in Ghana. Data was obtained from PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar. A secondary search was conducted on government of Ghana health agencies’ websites and other relevant websites that published information on telemedicine in Ghana. Literature was analysed and topically discussed based on identified themes. There is an improvement in the number of information and communication technology coordinated healthcare services in Ghana since the outbreak was confirmed. Public-private partnership is required to boost the integration of telemedicine into mainstream healthcare in Ghana.
Epidemiological, virological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 among individuals during the first wave in Cameroon: Baseline analysis for the EDCTP PERFECT-Study RIA2020EF-3000
Authors: Fokam Joseph , Takou Désiré , Nka Alex D. , Ka’e Aude C. , Yagai Bouba , Chenwi Collins A. , Semengue Ezechiel N.J. , Beloumou Grâce A. , Ndjeyep Sandrine C.D. , Abba Aissatou , Pabo Willy , Gouissi Davy , Tchouaket Michel C.T. , Yatchou Laeticia , Zam Krystel , Mama Lucien , Ekitti Regine C. , Fainguem Nadine , Kamgaing Rachel , Sosso Samuel M. , Ndembi Nicaise , Colizzi Vittorio , Perno Carlo-Federico , Ndjolo Alexis
Published: May 2022

In Cameroon, COVID-19 infection spread rapidly and nationwide, with up to 721 deaths reported. To the best of our knowledge, no study reported the on-theground data using a large patients’ dataset to give a comprehensive knowledge on COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to shade lights on the epidemiological, virological and clinical features of COVID-19 in the Cameroonian context. An observational study was conducted among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR on nasopharyngeal samples from April 22nd, 2020 to January 5th, 2021. Out of 14119 individuals (59.8% male), overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 12.7% (from 7.9% in 60 years, p10%) and was associated with the presence of symptoms and older age. Most of the infection is among young and asymptomatic individuals, suggesting the “track-and-test” strategy should target these potential transmitters.
Public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Ngangue Patrice , Pilabré Arzouma H. , Barro Abibata , Pafadnam Yacouba , Bationo Nestor , Soubeiga Dieudonné
Published: May 2022

As COVID-19 vaccine acquisition and deployment accelerates, tensions also increase. This review aims to identify and understand the significance of population attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. A systematic review was conducted. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Global Health databases. Database searches began on June 23, 2021, and the last search date was June 30, 2021. The methodological quality of the studies included in this review was assessed using the Mixed methods appraisal tool. A total of 609 articles were retrieved, and 23 met the eligibility criteria. All 23 included studies were cross-sectional. Three attitudes were identified: acceptance, reluctance, and refusal to be vaccinated. Acceptance of vaccination was motivated by confidence in the accuracy of the government’s response to COVID-19 and the fact that relatives had been diagnosed with or died from COVID-19. Reluctance was based on fear of vaccine quality and side effects, and insufficient clinical trials. Finally, refusal to be vaccinated was justified by reasons such as the unreliability of clinical trials and insufficient data regarding the vaccine’s adverse effects. This review revealed common attitudes of African populations toward COVID-19 vaccines. The results indicate that research needs to focus more on identifying facilitators of COVID-19 vaccination. However, they also provide essential elements for health personnel in charge of vaccination to develop strategies to achieve satisfactory coverage rates.
The association between food groups and childhood anemia in Zambia, based on the analysis of Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2018
Authors: Kobayashi Emi , Negi Bharat , Nakazawa Minato
Published: May 2022

High prevalence of anemia among children has been an important public health concern globally. In Zambia, the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6-59 months was 58%. Previous studies have suggested that feeding a variety of food prevents anemia. However, it is not yet determined if out of several food groups available locally, some foods have played crucial roles in anemia among young children. The objective of this study was to find out the food groups that were associated with childhood anemia among Zambian children aged 6-59 months. We have obtained the individual-level data related to health and nutrition of the Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) 2018 with permission. Children’s feeding, demographic, and household information were analyzed using logistic regression models. Children who consumed food made from grains (AOR:1.2; 95%CI: 1.01-1.46; p=0.044) and cheese or food made from milk (AOR:2.7; 95%CI: 1.19-6.00; p=0.018) showed relatively higher prevalence of anemia than those who did not. Additionally, malnutrition, mother’s anemia and education, and area of living were also significantly associated with prevalence of anemia. Most common food in Zambia is food made from grain. Grain consists of phytic acids which can prevent iron absorption. This is a potential reason for the highlevel anemia among children. Dephytinization strategies should be considered through further studies.
Patient Satisfaction and Adverse Effects Following the use of Topical Hair Fiber Fillers
Authors: Babadjouni Arash , Juhasz Margit , Pham Christine , Csuka Ella , Hedayati Bobak , Evron Evyatar , Mesinkovska Natasha Atanaskova
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Alopecia (hair loss) commonly affects patients and can severely affect one's confidence and self-esteem. In addition to medical therapy, hair filler fibers can improve the gross appearance of thinning hair in a targeted manner by making hair appear fuller and thicker. The objective of this study is to assess patient use, satisfaction, and adverse effects following the application of a commercially available hair fiber filler product.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at an academic tertiary dermatology center. Alopecia patients were supplied a keratin hair fiber filler, which best matched their natural hair color. Following 90 days of application, patients were asked to complete questionnaires to assess patient satisfaction and record patient-reported adverse events.

Results:

Twenty women and 20 men with hair loss participated. Patients reported improved hair volume and increased perceptions of confidence and attractiveness after applying fiber. Most subjects (92.5%) reported a high level of satisfaction with the fiber's ability to match hair color and provide sufficient coverage. No serious adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion:

Alopecia has a negative impact on quality of life and several psychological domains. Topical hair filler fiber can serve as an effective and safe camouflage for patients with alopecia with high user satisfaction.
Local well-posedness for the gKdV equation on the background of a bounded function
Authors: Palacios José Manuel
Published: May 2022

We prove the local well-posedness for the generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation in

H^s(\mathbb{R})

,

s>1/2

, under general assumptions on the nonlinearity

f(x)

, on the background of an

L^\infty_{t,x}

-function

\Psi(t,x)

, with

\Psi(t,x)

satisfying some suitable conditions. As a consequence of our estimates, we also obtain the unconditional uniqueness of the solution in

H^s(\mathbb{R})

. This result not only gives us a framework to solve the gKdV equation around a Kink, for example, but also around a periodic solution, that is, to consider localized non-periodic perturbations of a periodic solution. As a direct corollary, we obtain the unconditional uniqueness of the gKdV equation in

H^s(\mathbb{R})

for

s>1/2

. We also prove global existence in the energy space

H^1(\mathbb{R})

, in the case where the nonlinearity satisfies

\vert f''(x)\vert\lesssim 1

.
Disease control in chronic rhinosinusitis: a qualitative study of patient perspectives
Authors: Walker V. , Trope M. , Tichavakunda A.A. , Speth M.M. , Sedaghat A.R. , Phillips K.M.
Published: May 2022

Background: The definition of disease control in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an active area of study. However, investigations have not engaged CRS patients in how they think about disease control. This study seeks to understand the patient perspective on CRS disease control. Methods: Qualitative phenomenological study using constant comparative methodology was applied. The research team conducted 10, one-on-one interviews with CRS patients ranging from 22 to 55 minutes in length. The content of the interview protocol was determined through iterative discussion amongst all authors. Two authors served as coders to identify recurrent themes. Themes were analyzed for meaning and conclusions were summarized. Results: Three recurring themes determined from patients were that (1) use of the terminology “control” adequately represents this phenomenon, (2) components of control could be classified into four main themes relating to CRS symptomatology, exacerbation of comorbid disease, quality of life and acute exacerbations of CRS, and (3) when patients deem their CRS is uncontrolled they are more willing to escalate their treatment to include escalating their daily maintenance regimen, seeking otolaryngology referral, taking rescue medication or undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Conclusions: CRS patients consider their daily symptoms, the severity and frequency of CRS exacerbations, impact on quality of life as well as exacerbation of comorbid disease when thinking about their disease control. Disease control is a goal of treatment for patients and uncontrolled disease motivates patients to seek further treatment. Physicians should explore all components of CRS control when considering disease status and need for further treatment.