bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for preoperative care: a systematic review.
Authors: Ciapponi Agustín , Elena Tapia-López , Sacha Virgilio , Bardach Ariel
Published: January 2020

Background Our aim was to summarize and compare relevant recommendations from evidence-based CPGs (EB-CPGs). Methods Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. Data sources: PubMed, EMBase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Tripdatabase and additional sources. In July 2017, we searched CPGs that were published in the last 10 years, without language restrictions, in electronic databases, and also searched specific CPG sources, reference lists and consulted experts. Pairs of independent reviewers selected EB-CPGs and rated their methodological quality using the AGREE-II instrument. We summarized recommendations, its supporting evidence and strength of recommendations according to the GRADE methodology. Results We included 16 EB-CPGs out of 2262 references identified. Only nine of them had searches within the last five years and seven used GRADE. The median (percentile 25-75) AGREE-II scores for rigor of development was 49% (35-76%) and the domain ‘applicability’ obtained the worst score: 16% (9-31%). We summarized 31 risk stratification recommendations, 21.6% of which were supported by high/moderate quality of evidence (41% of them were strong recommendations), and 16 therapeutic/preventive recommendations, 59% of which were supported by high/moderate quality of evidence (75.7% strong). We found inconsistency in ratings of evidence level. ‘Guidelines’ applicability’ and ‘monitoring’ were the most deficient domains. Only half of the EB-CPGs were updated in the past five years. Conclusions We present many strong recommendations that are ready to be considered for implementation as well as others to be interrupted, and we reveal opportunities to improve guidelines’ quality.
Indicators and gaps for monitoring service provision along the continuum of care for maternal health in South Africa
Authors: Mothupi Mamothena , Knight Lucia , Tabana Hanani
Published: January 2020

Objective This study assesses indicators for service provision along the continuum of care for maternal health at subnational levels in South Africa. It applies the emerging construct of adequacy of the continuum of care to assess multi-dimensionality of available indicators. Using adequacy and the process of assessment in the study, the comprehensiveness of the continuum of care for improving maternal health outcomes can be assessed. Results We found indicators along the adequacy dimensions of care utilization and access, linkages of care, and quality of care in the routine district health information system. The General Household Survey contained indicators for the social determinants of health on the continuum of care framework. Indicator gaps include health promotion during and after pregnancy, maternal nutrition, empowerment and quality of care. At present, the available indicators measure about 74% of the interventions on the continuum of care framework. We make recommendations regarding improvements needed to better measure and monitor the continuum of care for maternal health. These involve actions within the health system and include integration of non-health system indicators.
Prediction of myasthenia gravis generalization under immunosuppressive therapy in Northwest China
Authors: Ding Jiaqi , Zhao Sijia , Ren Kaixi , Dang Dan , Li Hongzeng , Wu Fang , Zhang Min , Li Zhuyi , Guo Jun
Published: January 2020

Objective It is well demonstrated that immunosuppressants can reduce, but not eliminate the risk of generalized development in ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). Herein, we explored the potential predictors of conversion of OMG patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments. Methods OMG patients under immunosuppressive treatments in Tangdu Hospital from June 2008 to June 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline clinical characteristics were documented. Patients were followed up regularly by face-to-face interview to evaluate clinic status and treatment efficacy. Main outcome measure was generalized conversion and the relative data were collected and analyzed by logistic regression. Results 223 eligible OMG patients completed the final follow-up visit and 38 (17.0%) progressed to generalized MG (GMG) at a median interval of 0.9 year. Patients with adult onset and positive repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of facial or axillary nerve had higher conversion rate than those with juvenile onset and negative RNS ( p = 0.001; p = 0.019; p = 0.015, respectively). Adult-onset patients converted earlier than juvenile-onset OMG patients ( p = 0.014). Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, age of onset (Odds ratio [OR] 1.023, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.006–1.041, p = 0.007) and positive facial nerve RNS (OR 2.826, 95%CI 1.045–5.460, p = 0.038) were found to be positively associated with generalized development. Moreover, an obviously negative association was found for disease duration (OR 0.603, 95%CI 0.365–0.850, p = 0.019). Conclusions Age of onset, disease duration and facial nerve RNS test can predict conversion of OMG under immunosuppressive treatment. Adult-onset, shorter disease duration and facial nerve RNS-positive patients have a higher risk of generalized development.
Original research Workplace-Based Health Research Training: A Qualitative Study of Perceived Needs in a Rural Setting
Authors: Schmidt David , Reyment Jill , Webster Emma , Kirby Sue , Lyle David
Published: January 2020

Background: The calls for increased numbers of researchers in rural health are growing. To meet this demand training is needed. If training is to be effective the value placed on research, organizational need for research training and key targets for research skill development within a rural health organisation must be understood. Methods: This qualitative study was underpinned by a critical realist perspective which allowed exploration of the organisational, cultural and structural contexts of research training, and the ability of individuals to act within these contexts. Individual interviews with purposively selected key informants from the organisation’s board, executive and facility management (n=7) and two focus groups with a convenience sample of frontline health workers with interests in research (total n=11) were held. Data were analysed using NVivo software and thematic analysis. Results: The themes emerging from this study were1. Fragmentation of research activity2. A need for supportive structures3. Collaboration for expertiseConclusions: This study has identified an overreliance on individual activity leading to a fragmented approach to research. There is a need for supportive structures, coordination and workplace leadership to overcome a longstanding culture that views research as out of the rural scope of practice. Identifying research training targets, partnering for educational expertise and planning for long-term sustainability are necessary steps toward increasing research activity in the longer term.
Developing a Perinatal Palliative Care Service Package for women with fetal Anomaly Diagnosis: Protocol for Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Dehkordi ziba Raisi , Kohan Shahnaz , Rassouli Maryam , Zarean Elahe , malekian Azadeh
Published: January 2020

Background

diagnosis of perinatal anomalies is a stressful experience that can negatively affect mothers, families, health-care systems, and societies. Perinatal palliative care (PPC) is a new development in maternity services which focuses on emotional, spiritual, social, and symptom management and provides care for women and families with fetal anomaly diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a service package for women with fetal anomaly diagnosis in socio-cultural context of Iran.

Methods

This research is an exploratory mixed methods study with the qualitative-quantitative sequencing design that consists of four sequential phases. In the first phase, following a qualitative approach, the researcher will explore the needs and experiences of women with fetal anomaly diagnosis, their families, health care providers and policy-makers. At the second phase, based on the review of the literature, Program, guideline, service package and protocol for care of women and their families after perinatal anomaly diagnosis will be identified in other countries. In the third phase, recommendations from qualitative phase and literature review will be combined, the initial protocol of the palliative care service package for perinatal anomaly diagnosis will be identified and prioritized. In the fourth phase, the opinion of experts about this service package will be collected by using RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method technique and the applicability of the service package’s recommendations in clinical settings will be determined.

Discussion

The results of this Mixed Methods study are expected response the needs and experiences of the women with perinatal anomaly diagnosis being met in the socio-cultural context of Iran and a service package for palliative care of these women developed.
Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based register study in Wuhan, China, 2011-2016
Authors: Cao Jiangxia , Zhang Bingzheng , Liu Yan , Yu Ting , Zhang Yiming , Xu Wanglin , Liu Xin , Chen Longwei , Duan Yiting , Zou Yuliang , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2020

Background A trend towards increasing maternal age has been witnessed in China. Evidence from high-income countries has shown that older women have higher risks of various adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, few large, contemporary, population-based studies have adjusted for potential confounders in examining the association between maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes in China. Methods Data from the Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Management Information System including all women aged ≥20 years with live singleton pregnancies in 2011-2016 were analyzed. A range of adverse pregnancy outcomes including pregnancy induced hypertension disorder(PIH), gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA), and 5-min Apgar score<7 among women aged 20-24, 30-35 and ≥40 years were compared with women aged 25-29 years using binary logistic regression models, with social-demographic characteristics, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, and fetal gender adjusted. Subgroup analyses by stratifying on parity were also performed. Results 415,632 women were included during the study period. Among them, 91536(22.0%) were aged 20-24 years, 203687(49.0%) were aged 25-29 years, 89883(21.6%) were aged 30-34 years, 26271(6.3%) were aged 35-39 years, and 4255 (1.0%) were aged ≥40 years. After adjusting for the potential confounders, older maternal age (≥30 years) was associated with higher risks of PIH, GDM, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, LGA, and 5-min Apgar score<7, but not with SGA. Relative to older multiparous women, older nulliparous women were more likely to experience cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and 5-min Apgar score<7. Conclusion Older maternal age is independently associated with various adverse pregnancy outcomes. The risks may occur earlier than the commonly used definition of advanced maternal age, and may also differ by parity. Ensuring age and parity specific clinical counseling, antenatal surveillance, and health interventions may be of great significance to improve older mother’s pregnancy outcomes.
Identification and fine mapping of a novel qGR6.2 locus controlling rice salt tolerance during seed germination
Authors: Zeng Peng , Zhu Peiwen , Qian Luofeng , Lin Zefeng , Qian Xumei , Mi Yuxin , Dong Shinan , Aronsson Henrik , Zhang Hongsheng , Cheng Jinping
Published: January 2020

The rice growth is strongly affected by salt stress. When exposed to high salt stress, seed germination and seedling establishment are significantly inhibited. Particularly, with the promotion of rice direct-seeding technology in Asia, improving rice salt tolerance during seed germination is of great importance for rice breeding. In this study, an indica rice landrace Wujiaozhan (WJZ) showed significant salt tolerance during seed germination. The dynamic process of seed germination at 300 mM NaCl was observed via the germination rate (GR), seedling percentage (SP), and germination index (GI) from the progeny by crossing WJZ with the salt-sensitive Nipponbare (Nip). By QTL mapping, sixteen quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to salt-tolerance were detected via a BC1F2 population, including six QTLs for the GR, eight QTLs for the SP, and two QTLs for the GI. Of them, four QTLs, qGR6.1, qGR6.2, qGR10 and qSP10.1, were expressed continuously, especially qGR6.2 and qGR10. Furthermore, twelve significant associated simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were detected in the F2 population by bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Four SSR markers (RM588, RM190, RM276 and RM5493) were closed to qGR6.1, qGR6.2, qGR6.3, qSP6.1, qSP6.2, qGI6 and qSP8.1 identified by QTL mapping. The major qGR6.2 on chromosome 6 was confirmed via the BC2F2 population, which explained more than 20% phenotype variation of the GR. Fine mapping results displayed that qGR6.2 was narrowed down to a 65.9 kb region between the Z654 and Z619 markers, with eleven candidate genes predicted. Based on the microarray database, six genes (LOC_Os06g10650, LOC_Os06g10660, LOC_Os06g10690, LOC_Os06g10710, LOC_Os06g10730 and LOC_Os06g10750) were differentially expressed after seed imbibition or salt stress. RT-qPCR showed that two genes (LOC_Os06g10650 and LOC_Os06g10750) were significantly induced by salt stress and had different expression patterns in two parents during seed germination.
Daily variations of gut microbial translocation markers in ART-treated HIV-infected people
Authors: Ouyang Jing , Isnard Stéphane , Lin John , Fombuena Brandon , Chatterjee Debashree , Salinas Tomas Raul Wiche , Planas Delphine , Cattin Amelie , Fert Augustine , Gabriel Etiene Moreira , Marchand Laurence Raymond , Zhang Yonglong , Finkelman Malcolm , Chen Yaokai , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Cermakian Nicolas , Ancuta Petronela , Routy Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2020

Background Gut microbial translocation and increased intestinal barrier permeability are significant contributors to inflammatory non-AIDS co-morbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, daily variations of markers of bacterial and fungal translocation along with intestinal damage are not characterized yet. Herein, we assessed the variation of these markers over 24 hours in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a well-controlled environment. Methods A total of 11 male ART-treated PLWH were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected every 4 hours over 24 hours before snacks/meals from 8:00 in the morning to 8:00 the next day. All participants consumed similar meals at set times, and had a comparable amount of sleep, physical exercise and light exposure. Plasma levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fungal (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) translocation markers, along with markers of intestinal damage fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and regenerating islet-derived protein-3α (REG3α) were assessed by ELISA or the fungitell assay. Results Plasma levels of BDG and REG3α were stable during the day. In contrast, plasma levels of LPS and I-FABP were subject to daily variations, with the lowest levels at 12:00 and 16:00, respectively, and the highest levels at 00:00 and 4:00-8:00, respectively. Conclusions Conversely to the fungal translocation marker BDG and the gut damage marker REG3α, time of blood collection matters for the proper evaluation for LPS and I-FABP as markers for the risk of inflammatory non-AIDS co-morbidities. These insights are instrumental for orienting clinical investigations in PLWH.
The role of the urotherapist in the care of patients with pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Geissbuhler Verena , Forst Susanne , Werner Matthias , Schoenenberger Cora Ann , Berner Ruth , Betschart Cornelia
Published: January 2020

Background: To improve the management of healthcare requirements of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) in adult patients, interprofessional collaborations are emerging. The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate the activities of a urotherapist in adult patients with PFDs. Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out at the Department of ObGyn at the Cantonal Hospital Winterthur/Switzerland, from July 2016 to June 2018. The activities of the urotherapist were assessed with respect to parameters such as, number of consultations, type of counselling, time frame of consultations and therapy as well patient satisfaction. Demographic and clinical data were collected by self-administered questionnaires and electronic medical data systems. Results: 1709 patients were examined by urogynecologists. Of these patients, 514 (30%) were subsequently referred to a urotherapist. 58% of the 514 patients were over 65 years old. The most common PFDs were complaints about increased bladder sensation such as an overactive bladder, recurrent urinary tract infections, chronic cystitis and pelvic pain syndrome in 221 patients (43%); the second most common was pelvic organ prolapse in 151 patients (29%). The average number of urotherapist consultations per patient was 3 . In the group with >5 consultations, 59% were patients with increased bladder sensation. The most common type of consultation was phone counselling (59% of all activities). Conclusions: Increased bladder sensation related complaints are chronic problems that result in the highest numbers of urotherapist consultations. Interprofessional collaborations between urotherapist, as a specialist nurse, and urogynecologist should be implemented in urogynecological units and further developed in the future.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory immune response profiling prevents severe malaria among Nigerians infected with Plasmodium falciparum: the future for malaria vaccines and therapeutics.
Authors: OKPOKOR DANIEL OSAGIE , PETER ASAGA MAC , Olusola Ajibaye , Dakul Anthony Danaan
Published: January 2020

Background Available evidence indicates that the various stages of the malaria parasite life cycle have specific immune responses. The pro-inflammatory cytokines tend to play an important role in preventing malaria and killing the parasites. Furthermore, the relative levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines are essential mediators of malaria anemia production and outcomes. Natural human immune responses to malaria recognize extracellular sporozoites and merozoites, both of which have surface-exposed antigens, and which are currently being developed for various vaccines. Methods A total of four hundred sixty- two (462) participants were tested for Plasmodium falciparum. The procedure employed were parasite staining using World Health Organization parasitology laboratory protocol [Microscopy] of Giemsa staining and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. Results The subjects in this study showed high levels of INF-γ and TNF-α which decreases with increased malaria severity and high parasite density. These results suggest that INF-γ cytokine and TNF-α may contribute to protection against severe malaria anaemia and parasite clearance. Conversely, infected participants showed higher levels of IL-10, which decreases with severe malaria parasite, furthermore IL-10 levels correlated with parasite density. These findings suggest that higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-10 levels may contribute to pathogenesis of complicated malaria by inhibiting the INF-γ and TNF-α production. Conclusion Molecular biological and other serological analysis are needed to elucidate the implication of these cytokines and other pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 in the responses to malaria and consequently their involvement in malaria vaccine construct/development as well as other therapeutics for the treatment and elimination of the malaria parasite in our environment.
Knowledge, Practices, and barriers to accurate blood pressure measurement procedure among Nurses Caring Cancer Patients under Anthracycline Chemotherapy in Tanzania: Implication of the Neumans theory and the Theory of planned behavior.
Authors: Vicent Bankanie , Lilngulu Athanas , Yinglan Li
Published: January 2020

Patients under anthracycline chemotherapy are at risk of cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Error in blood pressure measurement exceeding 5mmHg may have detrimental outcomes to the patient quality of care. Studies involving nurses reveal discrepancies in knowledge and practices, which raise questions on the reliability of their BP recordings. It is not clear whether nurses taking care of these patients have sufficient knowledge and compliance regarding accurate blood pressure measurement. This study aimed at assessing knowledge, practice and associated factors regarding accurate blood pressure measurement procedures among nurses caring for cancer patients under anthracycline chemotherapy in Tanzania, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and Neuman’s Prevention and Intervention Theory. Methods A cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach was conducted among 181 nurses who were conveniently sampled from various hospitals in Tanzania. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and analysis done by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Binary logistic regression analysis were applied. Results Based on the given 18 items to assess nurses’ knowledge of accurate blood pressure measurement, the mean knowledge score was 8.6 (SD=3.6), implying poor knowledge. Those with a bachelor of Nursing and above were more knowledgeable than those with a diploma and below (AOR=2.5, 95%CI=1.281-4.914, p=0.007). Out of the maximum practice score of 40, the nurses had Mean=16 (SD=2.33) implying poor practice. Three mostly reported barriers were: Feeling unempowered, Nurses’ workload, and unconducive working environment. The results conform to the theory of planned behavior and Neuman’s Prevention and Intervention Theory. Conclusion Nurses caring for patients in anthracycline chemotherapy in Tanzania have poor knowledge and poor practice regarding accurate blood pressure measurement. Institutional programs to educate nurses about accurate blood pressure measurement may have an impact on attitude and intention to practice accurate blood pressure measurement. Considering the barriers to accurate blood pressure measurement, and the impact of unstable blood pressure and hypertension on morbidity and mortality in cancer patients at risk of cardiovascular complications, efforts are needed to overcome the barriers and maximize the quality of Blood Pressure measurement by the nurses.
Diagnosis performance of ultrasonography, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, early SPECT/CT and delayed SPECT/CT in preoperative localization of parathyroid gland in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang Rongqin , Zhang Zhanwen , Pinbo Huang , Li Zhi , Hu Rui , Zhang Jie , Qiu Wanglin , Hu Ping
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) usually need parathyroidectomy when drug regimens fail. However, obtaining an exact preoperative map of the locations of the parathyroid glands is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, early SPECT/CT and delayed SPECT/CT in patients with SHPT.MethodsSixty patients with SHPT who were undergoing dialysis were evaluated preoperatively with ultrasonography, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, early SPECT/CT and delayed SPECT/CT. Postoperative pathology served as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate were determined for each method. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of the hyperplastic parathyroid calcification with serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Results229 lesions in 60 patients were pathological confirmed to be parathyroid hyperplasia with 209 lesions in typical sites, 15 lesions in upper mediastinum and 4 lesions in the thyroid. 88.33% (53/60) patients had four lesions. US, early and delayed SPECT/CT had significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy rate (P < 0.001) than did dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Furthermore, early SPECT/CT had significantly higher sensitivity (χ2 = 17.521, P < 0.001, χ2 = 35.027, P < 0.001) and accuracy rate (χ2 = 11.076, P = 0.001, χ2 = 16.289, P < 0.001) than did US and delayed SPECT/CT. In ectopic hyperplastic parathyroid, the sensitivity of early SPECT/CT (90%) was significantly higher than US (55%) and dual-phase planar (50%) (P = 0.039 and P = 0.039). Spearman correlation results showed a significant linear association between the calcification and serum PTH (r = 0.398, P = 0.002) and AKP (r = 0.415, P = 0.002).ConclusionThe ability of early SPECT/CT to detect hyperplastic parathyroid in patients with SHPT is superior to US, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and delayed SPECT/CT, and dual-phase SPECT/CT is not essential. Calcification of parathyroid gland is a special sign of SHPT and correlated with serum PTH and AKP.
The neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase directly modulates neuronal response after subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sterile injury model
Authors: Coulibaly Aminata P. , Pezuk Pinar , Varghese Paul , Gartman William , Triebwasser Danielle , Kulas Joshua A. , Liu Lei , Syed Mariam , Tvrdik Petr , Ferris Heather A , Provencio Jose Javier
Published: January 2020

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Neutrophil infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) is linked to the development of these deficits after SAH. It is however unclear how neutrophil activity, direct or indirect, influences CNS function in SAH. As such, the present project aims to elucidate neutrophil factors and mechanisms mediating CNS injury and cognitive deficits after SAH. Methods: Using a murine model of SAH and mice deficient in neutrophil effector functions, we determined which neutrophil effector function is critical to the development of deficits after SAH. Also, in vitro techniques were used to elucidate whether neutrophils directly or indirectly affect neuronal function after SAH. Results: Our results show that following SAH, neutrophils infiltrate the meninges, and not the brain parenchyma. Mice lacking functional myeloperoxidase (MPO KO), a neutrophil enzyme, lack both the meningeal neutrophil infiltration and the cognitive deficits associated with SAH. The re-introduction of biologically active MPO, and its substrate hydrogen peroxide, to the cerebrospinal fluid of MPO KO mice at the time of hemorrhage restores the spatial memory deficit observed after SAH. Furthermore, MPO directly affects the function of both primary neurons and astrocytes in culture. Neurons exposed to MPO and its substrate show decreased calcium activity at baseline and after stimulation with potassium chloride. In addition, MPO and its substrate lead to significant astrocyte loss in culture, phenocopying a result observed in the brain after SAH. Conclusions: These results implicate MPO as a mediator of neuronal dysfunction in SAH through direct effect on both neurons and astrocytes. Finally, these results show that, in SAH, the activity of innate immune cells in the meninges can modulate the activity and function of the underlying brain tissue.
Production and characterization of surfactin-like biosurfactant produced by novel strain Bacillus nealsonii S2MT and it's potential for oil contaminated soil remediation
Authors: Phulpoto Irfan Ali , Yu Zhisheng , Bowen Hu , Ndayisenga Fabrice , Jinmei Li , Liang Hongxia , Qazi Muneer Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Background Biosurfactants, being highly biodegradable, ecofriendly and multifunctional compounds have wide applications in various industrial sectors including environmental bioremediation. Surfactin a member of lipopeptide family which considered as one of the most powerful biosurfactant due to its environmental applications, emulsification activities as well as therapeutic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study to investigate the surfactin like biosurfactants produced by newly strain S2MT and their potential applications for soil remediation. Results In this study, a novel biosurfactant producing strain Bacillus nealsonii S2MT was investigated from the lake sediment that reduced the surface tension 34.15± 0.6 mN/m -1 with excellent emulsifying potential 55± 0.3% in kerosene oil. Additionally, the highest biosurfactant product 1300 mg/L -1 was achieved during which the composition of the culture medium was optimized through a response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that 2% glycerol and 0.1% NH 4 NO 3 were the best carbon/nitrogen substrates for biosurfactant production. The most significant parameters such as temperature (30 °C), pH (8), agitation (100 rpm), NH 4 NO 3 (0.1%), yeast extract (0%) and NaCl (0.5%) contributed to the surface tension reduction and therefore enhancing the biosurfactant yield. Moreover, the obtained product was found to be highly stable at environmental factors such as salinity, pH and temperature variations. In addition, the biosurfactant product was chemically characterized as cyclic lipopeptide relating to surfactin-like isoforms (C 13 -C 15 ) with a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) respectively. The corresponding biosurfactant displayed 43.6± 0.08 and 46.7± 0.01% remediation of heavy engine-oil contaminated soil at 10 and 40 mg/L concentrations respectively. Conclusion This study, therefore, confirmed that the strain S2MT was not only a potential biosurfactant producer but also an efficient and environmentally acceptable candidate for soil remediation compared to synthetic compounds.
Comparison of capillary and venous blood for malaria detection using two PCR based assays in febrile patients in Sierra Leone.
Authors: Leski Tomasz , Taitt Chris Rowe , Bangura Umaru , Lahai Joseph , Lamin Joseph M. , Baio Victoria , Swaray Abdulai G. , Jacobsen Kathryn H. , Ansumana Rashid , Stenger David A.
Published: January 2020

Background Malaria parasites infect over 200 million people and cause more than 400,000 deaths each year. Rapid and sensitive diagnostics are critical tools for clinical case management and public health control efforts. Both capillary and venous blood are currently used for malaria detection and while diagnostic technologies may not be equally sensitive with both materials the published data on this subject are scarce are not conclusive. Methods Paired samples of venous and capillary blood from 103 febrile individuals in Bo, Sierra Leone, were obtained between January and May 2019 and tested for the presence of Plasmodium parasites using two multiplexed PCR assays: the FilmArray-based Global Fever Panel (GFP) and the TaqMan-based Malaria Multiplex Sample Ready (MMSR) assay. Results We observed no significant differences in Plasmodium parasite detection between capillary and venous blood when using the MMSR assay. In GFP assays, however, markers for Plasmodium spp. and P. falciparum were detected at significantly higher numbers of venous samples (p<0.002 and p<0.05, respectively). The GFP assay was more sensitive than MMSR for Plasmodium spp. in both types of samples and overall more sensitive (taking all detected malaria markers into account) in venous samples only. Conclusions Malaria detection sensitivity may be higher for venous blood compared to capillary blood in case of certain targets when using PCR-based detection methods. The overall sensitivity of GFP assay was generally higher than MMSR but depended on the target and clinical material used.
In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli
Authors: Hossain Md. Akil , Park Hae-Chul , Lee Kwang-jick , Park Sung-Won , Park Seung-Chun , Kang JeongWoo
Published: January 2020

Background: The antibiotics generally used in farm animals are rapidly losing their effectiveness all over the world as bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. This study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics by combining them with the opportunistic phenolic compounds gallic acid (GA), epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and hamamelitannin. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined. Based on the FICI and clinical importance, 3 combinations (GA-ampicillin, GA-ceftiofur and hamamelitannin-erythromycin) were selected to evaluate their effects on the virulence factors of these bacteria. Viabilities of Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell in presence of these combination antibacterials were evaluated.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of epigallocatechin, GA and hamamelitannin found against different strains were (512–1024), (256–1024) and (512–2048) μg/mL, respectively. Synergistic effects were obtained from combinations of thiamphenicol-GA (FICI: 0.28), erythromycin-hamamelitannin (FICI: 0.38) and thiamphenicol-hamamelitannin (FICI: 0.50) against E. coli, and erythromycin-epicatechin gallate (FICI: 0.50) against S. Typhimurium. Moreover, additive effects were obtained from 33 combinations against S. Typhimurium (FICI: 0.502~0.750) and E. coli (FICI: 0.502~0.625). The time-kill assays and ultrastructural morphology showed that GA-ceftiofur, and hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively, compared to individual antibiotics. Biofilm viability and swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in presence of GA-ceftiofur, and E. coli in presence of hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. Viabilities of IEC-6 cells were significantly enhanced by GA-ceftiofur, GA-ampicillin combinations than these antibacterials alone. Conclusions: This study suggest that GA-ceftiofur combination can be potential medication to treat S. Typhimurium-associated diarrhea and prevent S. Typhimurium-associated blood-stream infections (e.g.: fever) in farm animals. Hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations can be effective in restricting E. coli contamination in farm animals, and ultimately its transmission from animal to human. Further in vivo study to confirm these effects and safety profiles in farm animal should be undertaken for establishing these combinations as medications.
Nuclear Fusion Power – An Overview of History, Present and Future
Authors: Prager Stewart C.
Published: January 2020

Fusion power offers the prospect of an almost inexhaustible source of energy for future generations, but it also presents so far insurmountable engineering challenges. The fundamental challenge is to achieve a rate of heat emitted by a fusion plasma that exceeds the rate of energy injected into the plasma. The main hope is centered on tokamak reactors and stellarators which confine deuterium-tritium plasma magnetically.
Application of the Source Encryption Algorithm Model in the Power Industry
Authors: Longbing Jiao
Published: January 2020

With the development of Internet technology and Internet of Things technology, the Internet of Everything has become a hot topic, and in March 2019, the National Grid for the first time clarified the definition of the Pan-In Power Internet of Things, pointing out that the company’s most urgent and important task is to accelerate the construction of the Pan-In Power Internet of Things. The security of Data Transfer on-line at any time is particularly important, in order to ensure the security of data, in the process of data transmission, data needs to be encrypted. This paper expounds a model of the information source data encryption algorithm, analyzes the encryption algorithm and the encryption method, and then provides a reference basis for the data transmission data security of power system.
A Solution to Incompatibility Between IPv6 and IPv4 Communications
Authors: Ibrahim Omar Khaled Omar
Published: January 2020

It has been about one year since last hearing anything about the Internet Protocol v10 (IPv10) proposal while this week it’s now available in draft form. While IPv6 isn’t widely-adopted around the globe yet, IPv10 is already in development and helps to address some of the woes of IPv6. IPv10 is designed to allow IPv6 addresses to communicate to/from IPv4 addresses. IPv10 hopes to speed the adoption to IPv6 addressing by making it more backwards compatible with IPv4 with allowing the two Internet Protocol standards to better coexist.

From the draft specification: “It solves the issue of allowing IPv6 only hosts to communicate to IPv4 only hosts and vice versa in a simple and very efficient way, especially when the communication is done using both direct IP addresses and when using hostnames between IPv10 hosts, as there is no need for protocol translations or getting the DNS involved in the communication process more than its normal address resolution function. IPv10 allows hosts from two IP versions (IPv4 and IPv6) to be able to communicate, and this can be accomplished by having an IPv10 packet containing a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in the same IP packet header.”
Understanding People’s Acceptance of Light Rail Transit in Bandung and Its Determinant Factors
Authors: Shadrina Raisha , Lestari Yuliani Dwi
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research was to verify the readiness of Bandung people in accepting Light Rail Transit (LRT) as the new transport option. Through a survey questionnaire with various respondent backgrounds, the researchers applied statistical analysis using ANOVA to compare the acceptance between the group of gender, age, occupation, income, home location, mobility pattern, and current transport. As the extension, the research also explored the factor determining people’s priority in choosing transport and showing attributes (comfort, security and safety, exclusivity, time travel, cost, flexibility, facility, and accessibility). The result reveals that there are no differences between-group comparisons in accepting LRT as the new transport. In analyzing the determinant factors, the result shows that passengers tend to value security and comfort for their daily activities in choosing public transportation. Meanwhile, the exclusivity and facility are considered undesirable for passengers in deciding to take public transportation for travel. LRT is considered as a mode transport that provides sustainable transportation value. The readiness of passenger and market environment to the sustainable transportation option is important to maintain the successful implementation of the LRT project in Bandung.
Philosophical Basis of the Compulsory Company Manpower Report toward Pancasila Industrial Relation
Authors: Sarira Iron
Published: January 2020

The research aimed to find out the intrinsic meaning and pragmatic interests of the concept of Compulsory Company Manpower Report (CCMR) and how the principle basis of Law Number 7 Year 1981 affected philosophical validity in realizing industrial relation in accordance with Pancasila. The research applied a qualitative method with textual analysis. The media of research was CCMR, which was one of the minimum macro aspects (work norm) in labor inspection as regulated in Law Number 7 Year 1981 aiming to implement the policy of work opportunity expansion and work protection as mandated by Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. The results report the conditions of employment within a company having historical and meaningful substances as the 1945 Constitution states the existence of equality in law and government for every citizen, and each citizen shall uphold the law and government as a manifestation of an active role of citizenship. The applicability of a positive norm cannot be separated from its juridical, sociological, and philosophical requirements. Many opinions reveal that CCMR is only for operational administrative fulfillment. Meanwhile, there is a philosophical basis of CCMR that reaches to the idea about conceptions in work opportunity and labor protection to realize harmonious, dynamic, and fair industrial relations in accordance with Pancasila.
The Taste of Peranakan Tionghoa in Listening to Indonesian and Chinese Music and Their Relation to Cultural Identity
Authors: Sari Sulhizah Wulan , Adhi Sukmono Bayu
Published: January 2020

This research discussed the taste of Peranakans Tionghoa in listening to Indonesian and Chinese music and its relation to cultural identity. The history of the settlements in Chinatown at Glodok, Jakarta, Indonesia, brought ethnic and cultural issues. Then, the assimilation was inadequate that caused the elimination of the original culture and finally form a new culture. This research questioned how the Peranakans Chinese cultural identity was formed and related to the taste of listening to Chinese and Indonesian music using Hall’s perspective of cultural identity. A qualitative method was used to describe, explain, and analyze data. Data in the research consisted of observation and interview of the 30 Peranakans Tionghoa at Glodok, covering the area of mall, café, and restaurant. The collected data were classified into similarities and differences from each aspect. The classification was linked to the three groups who preferred to listen to music and find their cultural identity. The result shows that the taste of Peranakan Tionghoa in listening to Indonesian and Chinese music depends on the elements and the function of music. Those aspects emphasize the language to understand what the song tells about. Further, the music could be an intermediary for cultural unification from both origins of (Chinese and Indonesia) who are fused to the relation of the cultural identity. Related to identity, Peranakans Tionghoa is becoming an identity.
Spatial Sound Performances in Classical Music
Authors: Işıkhan Cihan
Published: January 2020

Spatial is related to multi-dimensionality in nature. Spatial sound is perceived in three dimensions in relationship with the source location. Thus, spatial sound perception provides the location of sound source. In other words, this capability of localizing sound in space is often referred to as spatial sound. In music technology, spatial sound, which is introduced to the listener through various techniques such as mono, stereo, quadro, ambio, surround etc., is in the domain of spatial audio studies. Hundreds of years ago, when there was no concept of music technology yet, spatial sound was practiced by a number of classical music composers. Giovanni Gabrieli, in the 16th century, splits the choir in two groups named "cori spezzati" similar to the stereo technique. The Baroque period composer Vivaldi’s “per eco in lontano” can be regarded as the first spatial sound performance with echo technique on a concert hall. In the history of classical music, Classical period composers Haydn and Mozart, Romantic period composers Berlioz and Mahler, and 20th century composers Ives and Stockhausen have composed some pieces which can also be considered as spatial sound performances. In this study, the relationship between classical music composers above and their performances connected with spatial sound will be discussed, examining the original parts of their music and establishing a connection with between their performances and dimensionality. The result of this study points out that some classical music composers can consciously raise awareness in the audience by presenting spatial sounds in their music.
The Biological Impact of Ulipristal Acetate on Cellular Networks Regulating Uterine Leiomyoma Growth
Authors: Tinelli Andrea , Kosmas Ioannis P. , Mynbaev Ospan A. , Malvasi Antonio , Sparic Radmila , Vergara Daniele
Published: January 2020

Uterine Fibroids (UFs), or leiomyomas, represent the most frequent pelvic tumor in reproductive-aged women. Although of benign origin, UFs decrease fertility and cause significant reproductive dysfunctions. Compared to normal myometrium, UFs are characterized by a clinical and molecular heterogeneity as demonstrated by the presence of multiple genetic alterations and altered signaling pathways. Recently, selective progesteronereceptor modulators (SPRM), as ulipristal acetate (UPA), have demonstrated their clinical benefits by reducing tumor growth and extracellular matrix deposition. For these reasons, UPA is used in the clinical practice as an intermittent treatment for women symptomatic for UFs or, sometimes, before a myomectomy. However, drug effects on signaling pathways frequently upregulated in UFs remain largely unknown. In fact, the mechanisms of action of the UPA on UFs and on the surrounding areas are not yet understood. To learn more about UPA molecular mechanisms, UF samples were treated ex vivo with UPA and profiled for drug effects on selected markers. During this preliminary ex vivo UPA administration, significant changes were observed in the expression levels of proteins related to cell cycle regulation, cytoskeleton remodeling, and drug resistance. The UPA administration reduced cofilin, Erk and Src phosphorylation, p27 and ezrin protein levels, but not Akt phosphorylation and cyclin D1 and β-catenin levels. This preliminary ex vivo biological analysis provided new insights into the mechanism of action of UPA in the treatment of UFs, which could better explain the biological functioning of the drug on UFs.
Functional Characterization of a Novel Hybrid Peptide with High Potency against Gram-negative Bacteria
Authors: Tall Yara Al , Al-Rawashdeh Baha’a , Abualhaijaa Ahmad , Almaaytah Ammar , Masadeh Majed , Alzoubi Karem H.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Multi-drug resistant infections are a growing worldwide health concern. There is an urgent need to produce alternative antimicrobial agents.

Objective :

The study aimed to design a new hybrid antimicrobial peptide, and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity alone and in combination with traditional antibiotics.

Methods:

Herein, we designed a novel hybrid peptide (BMR-1) using the primary sequences of the parent peptides Frog Esculentin-1a and Monkey Rhesus cathelicidin (RL-37). The positive net charge was increased, and other physicochemical parameters were optimized. The antimicrobial activities of BMR-1 were tested against control and multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria.

Results:

BMR-1 adopted a bactericidal behavior with MIC values of 25-30 µM. These values reduced by over 75% upon combination with conventional antibiotics (levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and rifampicin). The combination showed strong synergistic activities in most cases and particularly against multi-drug resistance P. aeruginosa and E. coli. BMR-1 showed similar potency against all tested strains regardless of their resistant mechanisms. BMR-1 exhibited no hemolytic effect on human red blood cells with the effective MIC values against the tested strains.

Conclusion:

BMR-1 hybrid peptide is a promising candidate to treat resistant infectious diseases caused by gramnegative bacteria.