bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multibolt looseness monitoring of steel structure based on multitask active sensing method and substructure cross-domain transfer learning
Authors: Chen Yixuan , Wei Jingyi , Gao Zhennan , Li Weijie , Wu Jianchao
Published: February 2024

Under the influence of service life and the external environment, bolted connections are prone to loosening, which may lead to structural hazards. Thus, it is crucial to carry out real-time monitoring of bolted connections. Based on the active sensing method, previous researchers mainly focused on quantifying the single-bolt looseness, with little focus on locating and quantifying the multibolted connection. This study introduces an innovative approach to monitor multibolt looseness in steel structures. The proposed method utilizes multitask active sensing, incorporating a substructure cross-domain transfer learning technique. A finite-element model of a portal frame structure was first established by ABAQUS software, and the substructure was determined based on the stress wave propagation characteristics. Secondly, the location and degree of bolted connection in the substructure and portal frame structure were monitored using the piezoelectric active sensing method. Monitoring data of the substructure are tagged as the source domain, while data of the portal frame structure are tagged as the target domain. To efficiently decouple the characteristics of loosening, this study extracted multidomain energy and unthresholded multivariate recurrence plots from stress wave signals. These elements were employed to pinpoint the location and assess the degree of looseness. The multibolted connection was then monitored by the adversarial domain adaptation networks. Ultimately, using the target domain’s input, the optimized model was able to precisely detect the location and degree of the multibolted connection step by step. The experimental results demonstrated that the suggested technique has a lot of promise for multibolt looseness monitoring.
Bolt loosening detection method based on double-layer slotted circular patch antenna
Authors: Xue Songtao , Wang Haoli , Xie Liyu , Li Xianzhi , Zheng Zhiquan , Wan Guochun
Published: February 2024

An innovative bolt loosening detection method based on double-layer slotted circular patch antenna is proposed. By integrating the patch antenna with the bolt, the longitudinal length variation of the bolt can be transformed into a change in the air gap thickness of the antenna and cause the resonant frequency to vary. Thus, we can detect the bolt loosening through the resonant frequency shift of the double-layer circular patch antenna. Furthermore, the circular radiation patch of the antenna is slotted to increase the effective length of current flow, thus achieving the miniaturization of the antenna sensor for bolt loosening detection. The proposed double-layer slotted circular patch antenna sensor can be as small as a coin with a high sensing sensitivity of 626.57 MHz/mm, and it can be interrogated either wired or wirelessly. A series of simulations and experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed antenna sensor for bolt loosening detection. The experimental results show that the relationship between the bolt preload and the antenna resonant frequency is relatively linear, and the resonant frequency of the antenna shifts 18 MHz for an M24 bolt from completely loosened to fully fastened.
How Genetic-Conflict Theory Can Inform Studies of Human Nature
Authors: Ayers Jessica D.
Published: February 2024

Understanding how genetics influences human psychology is something that the evolutionary sciences emphasize. However, the functions of complex genetic influences on behavior have been overlooked in favor of perspectives that posit unitary influences of genes on behavior. One such example is the belief that human growth, development, and behavior are influenced uniformly by their genes even though previous research has highlighted the genetic conflict endemic in these domains. Although much psychological research has robustly documented areas in which we see the footprints of genetic conflict in human behavior, these areas are referred to by different names that prevent researchers from making connections under a unifying framework. In this article, I outline what genetic conflict is and how genetic conflict can provide a unifying framework for psychological investigations of social relationships. I also discuss avenues for future research on genetic conflict in humans and the importance of considering cultural, ecological, and other developmental factors when researching the genetic influences on human behavior.
A novel index for shearer system resilience in underground coal mines based on the operational environment
Authors: Norouzi Masir Raziye , Ataei Mohammad , Sereshki Farhang
Published: February 2024

The use of resilience during the mining period by guaranteeing the safety and performance of the systems greatly helps the managers and engineers with their decision-making and designing different systems. During the last two decades, various studies have been conducted in this regard. However, the analysis of underground coal mining systems’ resilience has been rarely addressed by these studies. The present study aims to provide a quantitative index for resilience in the environment of underground coal mining operations based on the risk factors. To do so, in a case study of Tabas Mechanized Coal Mine, the Failure of shearer data and the stoppages caused by it (for 2 years and a half, from March 2017 to June 2019) were studied to analyze the system’s resilience. Then, the experts were surveyed. After collecting and categorizing the data, the data analysis calculations were done for indicators of reliability, maintainability, supportability, organizational resilience, PHM system efficiency, and economic resilience. Finally, a new quantitative index named the “Shearer System Resilience Index” was introduced. The results indicated that resilience is reduced over time. They also shows that in order to improve resilience, project managers should pay more attention to these indicators, especially the indicators of maintainability, and organizational resilience. Therefore, regarding the scope of the data investigated in the current study, the use of Failure of Shearer data-based risk factors and experts’ opinions for the analysis of resilience in the case study is strongly recommended.
Influence of antibiotic prophylaxis on wound infection incidence after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Rihan Maged
Published: February 2024

Aim:

There have been controversies about whether prophylactic antibiotics are necessary in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of different risk factors and antibiotic prophylaxis on the rate of wound infection following elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of patients with elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2021 to December 2022. The evaluated factors were: gender, age, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, haemoglobin level, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, surgery duration, intraoperative bile spillage and use of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Results:

This study included 243 patients. The incidence of wound infection was significantly higher in male patients (p = 0.021). There was no statistically significant correlation between other risk factors and postoperative wound infection.

Conclusion:

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients do not benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis, which should be limited to complicated and acute cases.
Unlocking the potential: A comprehensive meta-synthesis of Internet of Things in the sports industry
Authors: Milasi Sadegh Fatahi , Benar Nooshin , Nazarian Ali , Shahzad Mohsin
Published: February 2024

The current research aims to answer two significant research questions: What are the dimensions of the application of the Internet of Things in the sports industry? And what are the components of each aspect of using the Internet of Things in the sports industry? Also, this study responds to the development of literature on Industry 4.0 technologies in the sports industry. The current research used the meta-synthesis method and the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso to review 131 related qualitative studies. The results of the surveys include 10 dimensions and 79 indicators of Internet of Things applications in the sports industry, including health management, safety and security management, optimization of management processes, fan experience, management of sports facilities and venues, improving performance (of referees and athletes), marketing and media, smart equipment, and sports tourism. The applications obtained from Internet of Things technology can be used in the determined dimensions for developing and improving sports. Finally, it is important to emphasize the importance of continuing to deepen knowledge about the Internet of Things as well as the new technologies available in the fourth generation of the industrial revolution and its applications in the field of sports. Research aimed at studying the potential of these technologies in the sports industry and its management is necessary.
The Role of Public Relations in Wildlife Conservation: Examples From Uganda
Authors: Gessa Simplicious J. , Tayeebwa William , Tumwesigye Charles , Rothman Jessica M.
Published: February 2024

Within developing countries, awareness efforts that promote wildlife conservation are not only important to engage communities neighboring wildlife habitats, but they are also critical nationally because urban dwellers are not usually exposed to wildlife. Here, we suggest that media and public relations professionals can promote domestic tourism activities, and engage communities in ways that will encourage the public to protect wildlife. We outline examples of successful ongoing initiatives we have used that stem from the principles of strategic communication to promote wildlife conservation in Uganda. First, tours with journalists, celebrities, and politicians have been launched to support awareness of wildlife and their economic value to the country. These initiatives highlight protected areas to the mainstream media and encourage domestic tourism. Second, parades around the country, intramural sports teams, as well as public lectures, community and school events are held to mobilize additional conservation awareness. Lastly, we discuss the role of strategic communication through media frames by the national newspapers in promoting the importance of wildlife conservation. These initiatives have likely led to the demonstrated increase in domestic tourism to national parks over the past decade and increase in support for wildlife by the Ugandan public.
Escaping the rough life of the street: Roofless people and mobile social media
Authors: Dvořák Vojtěch
Published: February 2024

Roofless people are among the most vulnerable, marginalized, and silenced societal groups. However, access to social media through mobile devices may provide opportunities for battling their stigmatization, social exclusion, low self-esteem, and self-acceptance. This study aims to explore how people who are experiencing rooflessness use and represent themselves on social media. This qualitative study, using thematic analysis of 16 in-depth interviews, reveals that roofless people may use social media to increase their social capital, advocate for other homeless people, and, most importantly, escape or reconstruct the reality of life on the street through continuous online social interaction and revalidation of oneself.
Prevalence and correlates of depression among students in a senior high school in Ghana: A school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Obeng-Okon Nana Akua Sarfoah , Opoku Douglas Aninng , Ayisi-Boateng Nana Kwame , Osarfo Joseph , Amponsah Obed Kwabena Offe , Ashilevi Jennifer , Agyemang Sheneil , Bernard Frempong , Addai-Manu Helena , Mohammed Aliyu
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Depression is one of the most widely reported mental health issues that affect adolescents globally. However, there is a dearth of data on its prevalence and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana, since previous studies have focused more on adult populations. This can hinder policies needed to champion mental health and mental health care in senior high schools. Hence, this study sought to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana.

Methods:

An analytical cross-sectional study involving 289 students at the Manya Krobo Senior High School was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. The students were selected using a two-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and individual characteristics. The primary outcome was depression, and this was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Summary statistics were presented as means, frequencies, and percentages. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with depression and odds ratios presented with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was considered at p-value < 0.05.

Results:

The mean age of the students was 16.6 (±1.2) with a range of 14–20 years. Over a quarter (26.3%) of the students reported financial difficulties. The prevalence of depression among the students was 68.9%. The factors associated with depression in this study were female sex (adjusted odds ratio: 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.97), age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.81), history of chronic health condition (adjusted odds ratio: 3.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.36–10.25), and financial difficulties (adjusted odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–4.63).

Conclusion:

This study shows that depression is rife among students at the Manya Krobo Senior High School, Manya Krobo District, Ghana. These findings call for pragmatic interventions such as strengthening counseling units and professional mental health services to ameliorate the impact of depression on the lives of students.
Mechanisms Driving Online Vaccine Debate During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Seckin Ozgur Can , Atalay Aybuke , Otenen Ege , Duygu Umut , Varol Onur
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of the anti-vaccine movement in today’s society has become a pressing concern, largely amplified by the dissemination of vaccine skepticism. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccination debate sparked controversial debates on social media platforms such as Twitter, which can lead to serious consequences for public health. What determines anti-vax attitudes is an important question for understanding the source of the campaigns and mitigating the misinformation spread. Compared with other countries, Türkiye differentiates itself with high vaccination rates and lack of political support for anti-vaxxers despite its highly polarized political system. Analyzing Turkish Twittersphere, we explore several mechanisms capturing content production and behaviors of accounts within the pro- and anti-vax segments in online vaccine-related discussions. Our findings indicate there is no relation between political stance and anti-vaccine attitude. Both supporters of vaccination (pro-vaxxers) and opponents (anti-vaxxers) can be found across the political spectrum. Moreover, linguistic differences reveal that anti-vaxxers employ more emotional language, while pro-vaxxers express more skepticism. Notably, automated accounts are less prevalent leading to difficulty in assessing genuine support for vaccines, while anti-vaccine bots produce slightly more content. These findings have crucial implications for vaccine policy, emphasizing the importance of understanding diverse language patterns and beliefs among anti-vaxxers and pro-vaxxers to develop effective communication strategies at the national level.
Critical Quantitative Literacy: An Educational Foundation for Critical Quantitative Research
Authors: Frisby Michael B.
Published: February 2024

Education research has recently seen the emergence of two distinct frameworks guiding the application of quantitative methods through a more critical and equity-oriented lens. These two frameworks are critical quantitative (CritQuant) studies and quantitative critical race theory (QuantCrit). Although different in their intellectual traditions, they both acknowledge the oppressive history of quantitative methods and the need to improve the criticality of quantitative research in education. For applied quantitative research in education to become more critical, it is imperative that learners of quantitative methodology be made aware of its historical and modern misuses. This directive calls for an important change in the way quantitative methodology is taught in educational classrooms. Critical quantitative literacy (CQL) is introduced in this manuscript as a paradigm for teaching, learning, understanding, and applying quantitative methods in a way that supports the application of CritQuant and QuantCrit frameworks in educational research.
Reverse and Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty Regional Usage and Open Payment Analysis Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Database
Authors: Haddad David J , Rizvi Omar H , Sherman Nathan C. , Hamilton Abigail R
Published: February 2024

Background

This retrospective review aimed to assess if open payments made by industry arthroplasty companies to physicians and hospital systems were significantly affected by implant type and geographic variation.

Methods

Data was obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) publicly available open payment datasets (2016-2019). Geographic locations were identified using regions as defined by the US Census Bureau. A linear regression was calculated to predict the open payment made based on the created variable region, the most used implant type (reverse vs anatomic, n > 30 to be included), and their hypothesized interaction.

Results

A significant regression equation was found for the hypothesized interaction between implant and region, F(13,11 186) = 3.446, P < .0001, with an R2 of 0.005. Within the regression, the implant type alone was not significantly related to the open payment ( P = .070) but only became significant when paired with the region in the South (US$5807; P < .0001) and West (US$5638; P = .0012) compared to the Northeast.

Discussion

Our multivariate linear regression model revealed that reverse total shoulder implants were associated with higher open payments, but only within the South and West regions. This indicates that the contributions made by industry arthroplasty companies are a function of both implant and region.
A review on applications of molecular dynamics in additive manufacturing
Authors: Gogoi Debashish , Kumar Amit , Devi Sangjukta , Kumar Manjesh , Sharma Anuj
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology that has significant geometric and material capabilities, because of which it is being used in different fields such as aerospace, healthcare, automotive, architecture, and construction. This process takes the digital data for the three-dimensional model to be made and adds materials accordingly in a layer-by-layer manner. Therefore, the understanding of materials at the atomic level may help in getting optimized output in the AM process, and it can have a significant impact on the final products. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies the dynamic behavior of molecules and materials at the atomic and molecular scales. The main objective of this review article is to briefly discuss how MD simulations may be utilized to examine AM processes. This review also covers the potential benefits of using MD to characterize AM processes, the current literature on using MD to simulate AM processes, the primary obstacles and limitations of MD simulations, and the methodologies utilized in AM simulations using MD. Finally, this article concludes with an in-depth discussion and outlines future research potentials.
What Do Cancer Surgery and orthopedic Surgery Elderly Patients Have in Common? A Long-term Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Orthopedic and Cancer Patients Original Research
Authors: Megari Kalliopi , Thomaidou Evanthia , Kougioumtzis Georgios A. , Theodoratou Maria , Katsarou Dimitra , Karlafti Eleni , Didaggelos Matthaios , Paramythiotis Daniel , Argyriadou Eleni
Published: February 2024

Objectives-background:

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involves decline in several cognitive domains after surgery and is particularly common after cardiac surgery, while also common among other types of surgery. Given the potential effects of such cognitive dysfunction on the quality of life, it is important to study it in multiple populations in order to limit its occurrence.

Study design:

We present the long-term neuropsychological outcome of 200 patients, 100 of whom had orthopedic surgery and 100 oncological surgery.

Methods:

We administered a series of neuropsychological tests assessing attention, complex scanning, verbal working memory, executive functioning, short-term and long-term memory, and visuospatial perception before surgery, prior to discharge, at 3-month follow-up and 6 years after surgery. We compared the performance of these patients to normative datasets.

Results:

Despite equivalent levels of pre-surgery performance between patients, oncology patients exceeded their preoperative neurocognitive levels, suggesting less postoperative cognitive dysfunction in orthopedic patients overall, in all neuropsychological domains at a 6-year follow-up, except short-term retention. In contrast, orthopedic patients showed no improvement, and, instead, showed some cognitive decline, which remained consistent over time.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight the critical role of the type of surgery utilized in the development of POCD and have implications for clinical management and patients’ quality of life in the very long term. Health policy professionals should be aware that patients’ low POCD may persist in the long term, and this is useful from a clinician’s point of view.
Directionality of FIV3 ground-motion intensities during the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake doublet
Authors: Bravo-Haro Miguel , Heresi Pablo , Dávalos Héctor , Miranda Eduardo
Published: February 2024

At present time, ground-motion prediction models neglect the directionality observed in horizontal components of earthquake ground motions, that is, the important changes in ground-motion intensity that occur with changes in azimuth. This study presents an investigation of the directionality of a recently proposed measure of ground-motion intensity during the 6 February 2023, Mw 7.8 Pazarcık and Mw 7.5 Elbistan earthquake doublet in the Kahramanmaraş region of Türkiye, which resulted in the collapse of more than 35,000 buildings and caused almost 60,000 fatalities. The studied intensity measure is referred to as FIV3, which has been shown to be better correlated with structural collapse than the spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure. The improved intensity measure is period-dependent and is computed as the sum of the three largest incremental velocities with the same polarity obtained from the area under segments of a low-pass filtered ground acceleration time series. The following aspects are studied in this article: variation of FIV3 intensity with changes in the orientation; variation of FIV3 intensity with changes in the period of vibration; attenuation of FIV3 intensities with increasing distance; and spatial distribution of the orientation of maximum FIV3 intensity. This study is based on 231 pairs of records from the Mw 7.8 main event and 222 pairs of records from the Mw 7.5 event. Similarly to the directionality of spectral ordinates, it is found that the directionality of FIV3 intensity also increases with increasing period. Strong directionality occurred not only in the near field but up to distances as large as 400 km from the epicenter. The orientation of maximum FIV3 intensity is found to occur close to the transverse orientation, consistent with observations for the orientation of maximum spectral ordinates during strike-slip earthquakes.
Hazard implications of synchronous fault rupture: Case study of the Wasatch and West Valley faults, Utah
Authors: Wong Ivan G. , Thomas Patricia A.
Published: February 2024

Synchronous rupture involving two or more antithetic or synthetic faults results in higher levels of ground shaking hazard compared to that computed separately for each fault. We describe methodologies to estimate the ground motions both deterministically and probabilistically using a square-root-sum-of-the-squares approach and provide a case study for the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone and the antithetic West Valley fault zone in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The amount of increased hazard between the fault pairs will depend on their fault dips and horizontal separation which will dictate their potential rupture areas and hence their maximum magnitudes. For the case study, the increased hazard between the Salt Lake City segment and the West Valley fault zone can range up to 30% primarily at short to moderate periods (<1 s).
Early and annual projected savings from anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in migraine prevention: a cost-benefit analysis in the working-age population
Authors: Lazaro-Hernandez Carlos , Caronna Edoardo , Rosell-Mirmi Joana , Gallardo Victor J , Alpuente Alicia , Torres-Ferrus Marta , Pozo-Rosich Patricia
Published: February 2024

Background

Migraine is one of the main causes of disability worldwide. Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have proven to be safe and efficacious as preventive migraine treatments. However, their use is restricted in many countries due to their apparently high cost. Cost-benefit studies are needed.

Objective

To study the cost-benefit of anti-CGRP MAbs in working-age patients with migraine.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive migraine patients treated with anti-CGRP MAbs (erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab) following National reimbursement policy in a specialized headache clinic. Migraine characteristics and the work impact scale (WPAI) were compared between baseline (M0) and after 3 (M3) and 6 months (M6) of treatment. Using WPAI and the municipal average hourly wage, we calculated indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism) at each time point. Direct costs (emergency visits, acute medication use) were also analysed. A cost-benefit study was performed considering the different costs and savings of treating with MAbs. Based on these data an annual projection was conducted.

Results

From 256 treated working-age patients, 148 were employed (89.2% women; mean age 48.0 ± 8.5 years), of which 41.2% (61/148) were responders (> 50% reduction in monthly headache days (MHD)). Statistically significant reductions between M0 and M3/M6 were found in absenteeism (p < 0.001) and presenteeism (p < 0.001). Average savings in indirect costs per patient at M3 were absenteeism 105.4 euros/month and presenteeism 394.3 euros/month, similar for M6. Considering the monthly cost of anti-CGRP MAbs, the cost-benefit analysis showed savings of 159.8 euros per patient at M3, with an annual projected savings of 639.2 euros/patient. Both responders and partial responders (30–50% reduction in MHD) presented a positive cost-benefit balance. The overall savings of the cohort at M3/M6 compensated the negative cost-benefit balance for non-responders (< 30% reduction in MHD).

Conclusion

Anti-CGRP MAbs have a positive impact in the workforce significantly reducing absenteeism and presenteeism. In Spain, this benefit overcomes the expenses derived from their use already at 3 months and is potentially sustainable at longer term; also in patients who are only partial responders, prompting reconsideration of current reimbursement criteria and motivating the extension of similar cost-benefit studies in other countries.
Dashing Growth Curves: a web application for rapid and interactive analysis of microbial growth curves
Authors: Reiter Michael A. , Vorholt Julia A.
Published: February 2024

Background

Recording and analyzing microbial growth is a routine task in the life sciences. Microplate readers that record dozens to hundreds of growth curves simultaneously are increasingly used for this task raising the demand for their rapid and reliable analysis.

Results

Here, we present Dashing Growth Curves, an interactive web application (http://dashing-growth-curves.ethz.ch/) that enables researchers to quickly visualize and analyze growth curves without the requirement for coding knowledge and independent of operating system. Growth curves can be fitted with parametric and non-parametric models or manually. The application extracts maximum growth rates as well as other features such as lag time, length of exponential growth phase and maximum population size among others. Furthermore, Dashing Growth Curves automatically groups replicate samples and generates downloadable summary plots for of all growth parameters.

Conclusions

Dashing Growth Curves is an open-source web application that reduces the time required to analyze microbial growth curves from hours to minutes.
Distribution and determinants of corneal volume among healthy young Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liang Gang , Kai Jia-Yan , Li Dan-Lin , Yin Zhi-Jian , Li Yue-Zu , Ma Rong , Zheng Ya-Jie , Qin Yu , Pan Chen-Wei
Published: February 2024

Background

Several studies have previously reported the normal values of corneal volume (CV) in various populations, whereas little is known about the CV distribution in healthy young Chinese adults. Our study aimed to investigate the distribution of CV and its relationships with other ocular biometric parameters among healthy young Chinese adults.

Methods

A total of 1645 eyes from 1645 students at Dali University in Yunnan Province, China, were analyzed. Pentacam was used to measure CV. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) were evaluated by Corvis-ST. Other biometrical parameters, including axial length (AL), keratometry, and white-to-white (WTW) distance, were measured using IOL Master.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 19.01 ± 0.92 years, and 68.81% of them were women. The CV was normally distributed in the whole sample, with a mean value of 61.23 ± 3.22 mm3. CV and CCT were significantly smaller in the Yi ethnic group than in the Han ethnic group (p < 0.01). CCT (coefficient: 0.085; p < 0.001) and keratometry (coefficient: 0.422; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with CV, while AL (coefficient: -0.204; p < 0.001), WTW distance (coefficient: -0.236; p < 0.001) and bIOP (coefficient: -0.06; p < 0.001) were inversely associated with CV.

Conclusions

Our study provides an age-specific distribution of CV among healthy young Chinese adults. CCT, keratometry, AL, WTW distance and bIOP were important factors associated with CV.
Adhere to the Chinese dietary guidelines associated with better subjective well-being: evidence from a cross-sectional survey and a daily diary investigation
Authors: Lin Jiaci , Yang Fuhua , Lan Miaosen , Ding Yichen , Yin Keli
Published: February 2024

Background

Subjective well-being (SWB) plays an essential role in general health. Although beneficial effects of selected micronutrients and foods on SWB have been reported, they do not reflect the impact of the habitual diet on SWB. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between adherence to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG) with SWB.

Methods

This study combined a cross-sectional survey and a daily diary investigation. The cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1,433 students from 8 universities in southern China between October and November 2020. The daily diary investigation was conducted in November 2022, collecting 10-day daily data from 115 students at two universities in southern China over ten consecutive days, resulting in 1,020 valid matched daily responses. Adherence to the CDG was assessed by the China Prime Diet Quality Score (CPDQS), SWB was measured by the Index of Well-being (IWB) and the Affect Valuation Index (AVI). Correlation analysis, multiple regression analyses, and hierarchical regression were conducted to examine the associations of adherence to the CDG with its components, and SWB.

Results

The cross-sectional survey revealed significant predictors of SWB, including adherence to the CDG (β = 0.24, p<0.001) and its components: cereals and tubers (β = 0.07, p = 0.024), vegetables and fruits (β = 0.11, p<0.001), dairy/soy/nuts (β = 0.11, p = 0.002), and condiments and alcoholic beverages (β = 0.08, p = 0.002). The daily diary investigation showed positive associations between adherence to the CDG (β = 0.19, p<0.001), and its components: vegetables and fruits (β = 0.11, p = 0.001), dairy/soy/nuts (β = 0.06, p = 0.009), animal source food (β = 0.06, p = 0.026), and condiments and alcoholic beverages (β = 0.07, p = 0.026), with higher levels of daily SWB.

Conclusions

Adherence to healthy dietary patterns such as the CDG, rather than focusing on individual components in isolation, is associated with better SWB. Furthermore, the consumption of CDG components had an impact on SWB, although the specific effects varied between the two studies. This study offers modest evidence supporting the role of the CDG in promoting positive mental health.
Association of cardiovascular health and periodontitis: a population-based study
Authors: Qu Haitao , Zhang Shengnan
Published: February 2024

Background

There is a strong association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontitis. This study utilized the Life Essentials 8 (LE8) score, a composite measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), to elucidate the relationship between CVH and periodontitis.

Methods

Data from 8,649 nationally representative participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. The independent variable in our study was the CVH score (a higher CVH score indicates better cardiovascular health), and the dependent variable was the presence or absence of periodontitis. The association between CVH and periodontitis was investigated using weighted multivariable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS). We controlled for potential confounders such as age, sex, race, education, and socioeconomic status to minimize bias.

Results

There was a negative association between the total CVH score and the odds of periodontitis. After adjusting for all covariates, a 10-point increase in total CVH score was associated with a 10% lower in the odds of periodontitis [0.90 (0.87, 0.93)]. Participants with a higher CVH had 40% lower odds of periodontitis compared with those with a lower CVH. Socioeconomic status (education and income) modified this association (P for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that better cardiovascular health, as indicated by higher CVH scores, is associated with a reduced likelihood of periodontitis among US adults. The relationship between CVH and periodontitis appears to be influenced by socioeconomic status, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions in populations with lower socioeconomic status.
The association between sedentary behavior and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES (2007–2008 to 2015–2020)
Authors: Cai Song , Li SiYu , Zhou YaShi , Song JuKun , Peng JuXiang
Published: February 2024

Background

Sedentary behavior (SB) may contribute to obesity and lower extremity fluid retention, which may favor the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, linking sedentary behavior to OSA is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between SB and OSA.

Methods

Three typical questions in the NHANES questionnaire(①The frequency of feeling excessively sleepy per month. ②The frequency of gasping, snorting or stopping breathing per week. ③The frequency of snoring per week.) have been used for the assessment of OSA. A physical activity questionnaire(On a typical day, the amount of time you spend sitting or reclining.) was used to assess SB. This secondary analysis included National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants (unweighted = 20,115). Weighted sample and multiple logistic regression complex sample analysis techniques were used in this study.

Results

After adjustment for confounders, participants with SB(> 8 h/d) had a higher risk of OSA compared to SB(< 4 h/d). Stratified analysis by gender showed that there was no significant association of SB and OSA in men. However, in women, with SB(< 4 h/d) as the reference, participants with(≥ 4 h/d) had an increased risk of OSA. By age-stratified analysis, the association of SB with OSA was stronger among older participants.

Conclusion

Analysis in this study showed a positive association between SB and OSA, more pronounced in women and participants older than 60 years old.
A retrospective study for long-term oncologic and obstetric outcomes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure: focus on surgical margin and human papillomavirus
Authors: Cho Angela , Kim Min-Young , Park In-Sun , Park Chul-Min
Published: February 2024

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term oncological and obstetric outcomes following the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and investigate the risk factors for recurrence and preterm birth.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent LEEP for CIN 2–3 between 2011 and 2019. Demographic information, histopathological findings, postoperative cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status were collected and analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test were used for risk factor analysis.

Results

A total of 385 patients treated with the LEEP were analyzed. Treatment failure, including recurrence or residual disease following surgery, was observed in 13.5% of the patients. Positive surgical margins and postoperative HPV detection were independent risk factors for CIN1 + recurrence or residual disease (HR 1.948 [95%CI 1.020–3.720], p = 0.043, and HR 6.848 [95%CI 3.652–12.840], p-value < 0.001, respectively). Thirty-one patients subsequently delivered after LEEP, and the duration between LEEP and delivery was significantly associated with preterm-related complications, such as a short cervix, preterm labor, and preterm premature rupture of the membrane (p = 0.009). However, only a history of preterm birth was associated with preterm delivery.

Conclusions

Positive HPV status after LEEP and margin status were identified as independent risk factors for treatment failure in patients with CIN who underwent LEEP. However, combining these two factors did not improve the prediction accuracy for recurrence.
Factors associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women aged 18 to 49 years at Lira regional referral hospital, Northern Uganda
Authors: Layet Florence , Murungi Tom , Ashaba Nasser , Kigongo Eustes , Opollo Marc Sam
Published: February 2024

Background

Women with HIV have a higher risk of getting cervical cancer due to induced immunosuppression. Though this burden could be avoided through early identification and appropriate management, there is a paucity of information about the utilization of cervical cancer screening (CCS) services in Lira City, Uganda. This study investigated the level and factors associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women aged 18 to 49 years at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Lira City, Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study employing quantitative techniques. We used consecutive sampling to recruit 297 HIV-positive women at the ART clinic of Lira Regional Referral Hospital. A structured researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. A modified Poisson regression using robust standard errors was performed to ascertain the factors associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening. Prevalence ratios at 95% confidence intervals were reported.

Results

Out of 297 respondents, 175(58.9%) utilized cervical cancer screening in this study. The factors found to be associated with CCS were; having ever heard of CCS (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] 1.80, 95% CI 1.31–2.49, p < 0.001), knowing where CCS is done (Adjusted PR 1.99, 95% CI 1.42–2.81, p < 0.001), fear of CCS outcomes (Adjusted PR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84,p < 0.001), not knowing whether CCS is beneficial or not (Adjusted PR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.75,p = 0.005) and having friends/relatives who screened for cervical cancer (Adjusted PR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.59, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

The level of utilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women was suboptimal. Implementation of structured interventions aimed at improving cervical cancer screening awareness among HIV-positive women is crucial. Additionally, to increase opportunities for screening and knowledge on cervical cancer prevention, screening programs can target HIV-positive women during their routine clinic visits.
DeepVAQ : an adaptive deep learning for prediction of vascular access quality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Julkaew Sarayut , Wongsirichot Thakerng , Damkliang Kasikrit , Sangthawan Pornpen
Published: February 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease is a prevalent global health issue, particularly in advanced stages requiring dialysis. Vascular access (VA) quality is crucial for the well-being of hemodialysis (HD) patients, ensuring optimal blood transfer through a dialyzer machine. The ultrasound dilution technique (UDT) is used as the gold standard for assessing VA quality; however, its limited availability due to high costs impedes its widespread adoption. We aimed to develop a novel deep learning model specifically designed to predict VA quality from Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively gathered from 398 HD patients, spanning from February 2021 to February 2022. The DeepVAQ model leverages a convolutional neural network (CNN) to process PPG sensor data, pinpointing specific frequencies and patterns that are indicative of VA quality. Meticulous training and fine-tuning were applied to ensure the model’s accuracy and reliability. Validation of the DeepVAQ model was carried out against established diagnostic standards using key performance metrics, including accuracy, specificity, precision, F-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Result

DeepVAQ demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.9213 and a specificity of 0.9614. Its precision and F-score stood at 0.8762 and 0.8364, respectively, with an AUC of 0.8605. In contrast, traditional models like Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and kNN demonstrated significantly lower performance across these metrics. This comparison underscores DeepVAQ's enhanced capability in accurately predicting VA quality compared to existing methodologies.

Conclusion

Exemplifying the potential of artificial intelligence in healthcare, particularly in the realm of deep learning, DeepVAQ represents a significant advancement in non-invasive diagnostics. Its precise multi-class classification ability for VA quality in hemodialysis patients holds substantial promise for improving patient outcomes, potentially leading to a reduction in mortality rates.
Feasibility of using a depth camera or pressure mat for visual feedback balance training with functional electrical stimulation
Authors: Lim Derrick , Pei William , Lee Jae W. , Musselman Kristin E. , Masani Kei
Published: February 2024

Individuals with incomplete spinal-cord injury/disease are at an increased risk of falling due to their impaired ability to maintain balance. Our research group has developed a closed-loop visual-feedback balance training (VFBT) system coupled with functional electrical stimulation (FES) for rehabilitation of standing balance (FES + VFBT system); however, clinical usage of this system is limited by the use of force plates, which are expensive and not easily accessible. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a more affordable and accessible sensor such as a depth camera or pressure mat in place of the force plate. Ten able-bodied participants (7 males, 3 females) performed three sets of four different standing balance exercises using the FES + VFBT system with the force plate. A depth camera and pressure mat collected centre of mass and centre of pressure data passively, respectively. The depth camera showed higher Pearson's correlation (r > 98) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE < 10 mm) than the pressure mat (r > 0.82; RMSE < 4.5 mm) when compared with the force plate overall. Stimulation based on the depth camera showed lower RMSE than that based on the pressure mat relative to the FES + VFBT system. The depth camera shows potential as a replacement sensor to the force plate for providing feedback to the FES + VFBT system.
Approaches for enhancing patient-reported experience measurement with ethnically diverse communities: a rapid evidence synthesis
Authors: Harrison Reema , Iqbal Maha Pervaz , Chitkara Upma , Adams Corey , Chauhan Ashfaq , Mitchell Rebecca , Manias Elizabeth , Alston Megan , Hadley Anne Marie
Published: February 2024

Background

Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are used to drive and evaluate unit and organisational-level healthcare improvement, but also at a population level, these measures can be key indicators of healthcare quality. Current evidence indicates that ethnically diverse communities frequently experience poorer care quality and outcomes, with PREMs data required from this population to direct service improvement efforts. This review synthesises evidence of the methods and approaches used to promote participation in PREMs among ethnically diverse populations.

Methods

A rapid evidence appraisal (REA) methodology was utilised to identify the disparate literature on this topic. A search strategy was developed and applied to three major electronic databases in July 2022 (Medline; PsycINFO and CINAHL), in addition to websites of health agencies in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries via grey literature searches. A narrative evidence synthesis was undertaken to address the review question.

Results

The review resulted in 97 included studies, comprised 86 articles from electronic database searches and 11 articles from the grey literature. Data extraction and synthesis identified five strategies used in PREM instruments and processes to enhance participation among ethnically diverse communities. Strategies applied sought to better inform communities about PREMs, to create accessible PREMs instruments, to support PREMs completion and to include culturally relevant topics. Several methods were used, predominantly drawing upon bicultural workers, translation, and community outreach to access and support communities at one or more stages of design or administration of PREMs. Limited evidence was available of the effectiveness of the identified methods and strategies. PREMs topics of trust, cultural responsiveness, care navigation and coordination were identified as pertinent to and frequently explored with this population.

Conclusions

The findings provide a basis for a maturity model that may guide change to increase participation of ethnically diverse communities in PREMs. In the short-medium term, health systems and services must be able to recognise and respond to cultural and linguistic diversity in the population when applying existing PREMs. In the longer-term, by working in collaboration with ethnically diverse communities, systems and services may co-create adapted or novel PREMs that tackle the factors that currently inhibit uptake and completion among ethnically diverse communities.