bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Perfusion Analysis in Patients with Suspicion for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maxeiner Andreas , Fischer Thomas , Schwabe Julia , Baur Alexander Daniel Jacques , Stephan Carsten , Peters Robert , Slowinski Torsten , von Laffert Maximilian , Marticorena Garcia Stephan Rodrigo , Hamm Bernd , Jung Ernst-Michael
Published: June 2018

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters acquired by software during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) US fusion-guided biopsy for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and discrimination.

Materials and Methods From 2012 to 2015, 158 out of 165 men with suspicion for PCa and with at least 1 negative biopsy of the prostate were included and underwent a multi-parametric 3 Tesla MRI and an MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy, consecutively. CEUS was conducted during biopsy with intravenous bolus application of 2.4 mL of SonoVue® (Bracco, Milan, Italy). In the latter CEUS clips were investigated using quantitative perfusion analysis software (VueBox, Bracco). The area of strongest enhancement within the MRI pre-located region was investigated and all available parameters from the quantification tool box were collected and analyzed for PCa and its further differentiation was based on the histopathological results.

Results The overall detection rate was 74 (47 %) PCa cases in 158 included patients. From these 74 PCa cases, 49 (66 %) were graded Gleason ≥ 3 + 4 = 7 (ISUP ≥ 2) PCa. The best results for cancer detection over all quantitative perfusion parameters were rise time (p = 0.026) and time to peak (p = 0.037). Within the subgroup analysis (> vs ≤ 3 + 4 = 7a (ISUP 2)), peak enhancement (p = 0.012), wash-in rate (p = 0.011), wash-out rate (p = 0.007) and wash-in perfusion index (p = 0.014) also showed statistical significance.

Conclusion The quantification of CEUS parameters was able to discriminate PCa aggressiveness during MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy.
Infusion von Daratumumab in Kombinationstherapien – Praktische Hinweise für den ambulanten Bereich
Authors: Scheid Christof , Munder Markus , Salwender Hans , Engelhardt Monika
Published: June 2018

Combination therapies such as Dara-Rd and Dara-Vd show significantly higher survival rates after 12 months than the respective therapies without Daratumumab. The initial infusion of Daratumumab is associated with a high incidence of IRR. Dosage and speed of infusion of Daratumumab have to be strictly controlled. Any suspicion of even low IRR requires corrections. Concomitant medication before and after Daratumumab administration is required. For this purpose, various preparations have been tested in everyday clinical practice. Eight hours of infusion may be required. This does not only overwhelm the patient, but also the most ambulant structures. The split-dose concept means to divide the dose into infusions on different days. Again, the dosage is crucial for good compatibility.
Quinone C–H Alkylations via Oxidative Radical Processes
Authors: Baxter Ryan , Hamsath Akil , Galloway Jordan
Published: June 2018

A brief survey of radical additions to quinones is reported. Carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and unprotected amino acids are compared as alkyl radical precursors for the mono- or bis- C–H alkylation of several quinones. Two methods for radical initiation are discussed comparing inorganic persulfates and Selectfluor as stoichiometric oxidants. Kinetic analysis reveals dramatic differences in the rate of radical initiation depending on the identity of the radical precursor and oxidant. Synthetic strategies for efficiently producing alkyl-quinones are discussed in the context of selecting optimum radical precursors and initiators depending on quinone identity and functional groups present.
Syntheses, Solid State Structures and Photochemistry of α,ω-Bis-[(1,8-dichloroanthracen-10-yl)dimethylsilyl]alkanes
Authors: Mitzel Norbert , Niermeier Philipp , Lamm Jan-Hendrik , Linnemannstöns Marvin , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg
Published: June 2018

Starting from 10-bromo-1,8-dichloroanthracene, a series of 1,8-dichlorinated anthracene derivatives, flexibly bridged in position 10 by –Me2Si– and –Me2Si–(CH2)
n
–SiMe2– linker units, were synthesised. The linked anthracenes were generated by converting (1,8-dichloroanthracen-10-yl)lithium with chlorosilanes in salt-elimination reactions. The bichromophors were tested in UV light induced photo reactions. None of the new compounds yielded any intra- or intermolecular photoproduct. All α,ω-(dimethylsilyl)alkane-linked bisanthracenes decomposed to give 1,8-dichloro-9-hydroxyanthracen-10(9H)-one in the presence of oxygen. A completely different behaviour was shown by the bisanthracenyldimethylsilane, undergoing a 9,10:3′,4′-photocyclomerisation reaction. The new compounds were characterised by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and in most cases by X-ray diffraction studies.
Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil
Authors: Zeferino Luiz Carlos , Bastos Joana Bragança , Vale Diama Bhadra Andrade Peixoto do , Zanine Rita Maria , Melo Yara Lucia Mendes Furtado de , Primo Walquíria Quida Salles Pereira , Corrêa Flávia de Miranda , Val Isabel Cristina Chulvis do , Russomano Fábio
Published: June 2018

Evidence-based clinical guidelines ensure best practice protocols are available in health care. There is a widespread use of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV-DNA) tests in Brazil, regardless of the lack of official guidelines. On behalf of the Brazilian Association for the Lower Genital Tract Pathology and Colposcopy (ABPTGIC, in the Portuguese acronym), a team of reviewers searched for published evidence and developed a set of recommendations for the use of HPV-DNA tests in cervical cancer screening in Brazil. The product of this process was debated and consensus was sought by the participants. One concern of the authors was the inclusion of these tests in the assessment of women with cytologic atypia and women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Testing for HPV is recommended in an organized screening scenario to identify women with precursor lesions or asymptomatic cervical cancer older than 30 years of age, and it can be performed every 5 years. It also has value after the cytology showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) as a triage test for colposcopy, in the investigation of other cytological alterations when no abnormal findings are observed at colposcopy, seeking to exclude disease, or, further, after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, to rule out residual disease.
Behandlung der hämolytischen Krankheit beim Fetus und Neugeborenen (HDFN) verursacht durch Anti-Jsb-Antikörper
Authors: Vales Anja , Steitzer Hansjörg , Utz Irene , Unterberger Eva , Jüngling Gerhard
Published: June 2018

Die Erstvorstellung der Patientin an unserer Abteilung fand in der 24. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) statt. Wie aus Vorbefunden bekannt, lag bei ihr ein erythrozytärer Antikörper vor, der sich gegen das hochfrequente Jsb-Antigen (KEL7, „Matthews“) richtet, das zum Kell-Blutgruppensystem gehört. Anti-Jsb-Antikörper können, wie alle Antikörper gegen Antigene des Kell-Systems, eine hämolytische Krankheit beim Fetus und Neugeborenen (HDFN) verursachen. Die Antigenfrequenz bei Kaukasiern liegt bei 100%, deshalb stehen kompatible Erythrozytenkonzentrate in Mitteleuropa in der Regel nur kryokonserviert zur Verfügung. In der 28. SSW entwickelte der Fetus eine schwere Anämie, die mit einer Intrauterintransfusion (IUT) behandelt werden musste. Da kompatible Erythrozytenkonzentrate nicht zur Verfügung standen, entschieden wir uns, für die IUT mütterliches Blut zu verwenden, obwohl eine Inkompatibilität zwischen Mutter (Blutgruppe B) und ungeborenem Kind (Blutgruppe A) im AB0-System vorlag. Diese Vorgehensweise ist aufgrund des Fehlens von Isoagglutininen bei Feten und Neugeborenen zu vertreten. Die IUT wurde insgesamt 2× durchgeführt, dabei traten keinerlei Komplikationen auf. Aufgrund einer drohenden Eklampsie und Anämie des Ungeborenen entschloss man sich, eine Sectio in der 34. SSW durchzuführen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren für Mutter und Kind kompatible Erythrozytenkonzentrate verfügbar, die unsererseits durch internationale Zusammenarbeit extern beschafft wurden. Die Sectio verlief komplikationslos. Postnatal kam es zu einer Hyperbilirubinämie, die durch Phototherapie behandelt werden konnte. Transfusionen oder eine Austauschtransfusion wurden nicht erforderlich.
Photon Doppler velocimetry measurements of transverse surface velocities
Authors: Johnson C. R. , LaJeunesse J. W. , Sable P. A. , Dawson A. , Hatzenbihler A. , Borg J. P.
Published: June 2018

The goal of this work was to develop a technique for making transverse surface velocity measures utilizing Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV). Such a task is achieved by transmitting light and collecting Doppler-shifted light at an angle relative to the normal axis, where measured velocities are representative of a component of the transverse velocity. Because surface characteristics have an intrinsic effect on light scatter, different surface preparations were explored to direct reflectivity, including diffusion by means of sandpapering, or increasing retroreflectivity by coating with microspheres, milling v-cuts, and electrochemically etching grooves. Testing of these surface preparations was performed using an experiment featuring a 30 mm diameter aluminum disk rotating at 6000 or 6600 RPM. A single PDV collimator was positioned along the rotational axis of the disk at various angles, resolving the apparent transverse velocity. To characterize surface preparations, light return and velocities were recorded as a function of probe angle ranging from 0° to 51° from the surface normal for each preparation. Polished and electrochemically etched surfaces did not provide enough reflected light to resolve a beat frequency; however, sandpapered surfaces, retroreflective microspheres, and milled v-cuts provided adequate reflected light for incidence angles up to 51°. Applications of the surface preparations were then studied in gas gun experiments. Retroreflective microspheres were studied in a planar impact experiment, and milled v-cuts were studied in an oblique impact experiment. A normal and transverse profile of particle velocity was resolved in the oblique impact experiment.
Effect of rapid thermal annealing on threading dislocation density in III-V epilayers monolithically grown on silicon
Authors: Li W. , Chen S. , Tang M. , Wu J. , Hogg R. , Seeds A. , Liu H. , Ross I.
Published: June 2018

In this work, we give a direct interpretation of micrographs of the 60° and 90° defect core at the GaAs/Si interface using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. We investigate the post-growth annealing effects on dislocation rearrangement at the interface as well as the threading dislocations in buffer layers; finally, the density of threading dislocations has been calculated as a function of annealing temperature.
Aspect and mass ratio dependence of microwave heating in silicon carbide fibers at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Kashimura K. , Namioka T. , Fujii T. , Yoshikawa N. , Fukushima H.
Published: June 2018

Silicon carbide is a key material in microwave (MW) processing and is widely employed as an MW absorber and catalytic agent. In this study, we experimentally improve the MW absorption properties of SiC particles at frequencies of 2.45 GHz by considering the shapes of fibers. We heated SiC fibers using MW radiation and their heating behaviors were then compared with their MW absorption properties. The heating behavior of the fibers was dependent on their aspect ratio; this result was in accordance with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the mass ratio dependence of the MW heating behavior was investigated by employing an Al2O3-SiC fiber mixture. Their absorption properties exhibited peak MW absorption at specific relative densities under Emax and indicated different behavior from that predicted by the Maxwell–Garnett equation.
Tunable dielectric response and electronic conductivity of potassium-ion-doped tunnel-structured manganese oxides
Authors: He Gaihua , Duan Yuping , Song Lulu , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: June 2018

Potassium-ion-doped MnO2 has been successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and the influence of the doped potassium ions on the electrical conductivity and permittivity is studied. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron-probe micro-analysis, and a vector network analyzer are used to perform characterization. The densities of states of doped and undoped MnO2 tunnel structures are also discussed based on first-principles calculations. Results show that the conductivity and dielectric resonance of MnO2 can be elevated by means of K+ doping. The conductivity of K+-doped MnO2 prepared at different reaction times shows a decreasing trend and is generally 1 order of magnitude higher than that of pure MnO2. The electrical conductivity of K+-doped MnO2 (R3) shows the highest value of 3.33 × 10−2 S/cm at the reaction time of 24 h, while that of pure MnO2 is 8.50 × 10−4 S/cm. When treated with acid, the conductivity of samples remains basically stable along with the increase of treatment time. In addition, acid treatment plays a very significant role in controlling the amount of K+ ions in crystals. The K+ contents of acid-treated samples are 5 times lower than that of the untreated R1. The dielectric losses of the samples with different reaction times are enhanced markedly with frequency increment. The complex permittivity of pure MnO2 only exhibits a resonance at ∼12 GHz, while K+-doped MnO2 exhibits another resonance behavior at ∼9 GHz. The capacity of the dielectric property in the net structure is enhanced by the interfacial polarization, dielectric relaxation, multiple internal reflections, and multiple scattering benefiting.
Energy spectrum of tearing mode turbulence in sheared background field
Authors: Hu Di , Bhattacharjee Amitava , Huang Yi-Min
Published: June 2018

The energy spectrum of tearing mode turbulence in a sheared background magnetic field is studied in this work. We consider the scenario where the nonlinear interaction of overlapping large-scale modes excites a broad spectrum of small-scale modes, generating tearing mode turbulence. The spectrum of such turbulence is of interest since it is relevant to the small-scale back-reaction on the large-scale field. The turbulence we discuss here differs from traditional MHD turbulence mainly in two aspects. One is the existence of many linearly stable small-scale modes which cause an effective damping during the energy cascade. The other is the scale-independent anisotropy induced by the large-scale modes tilting the sheared background field, as opposed to the scale-dependent anisotropy frequently encountered in traditional critically balanced turbulence theories. Due to these two differences, the energy spectrum deviates from a simple power law and takes the form of a power law multiplied by an exponential falloff. Numerical simulations are carried out using visco-resistive MHD equations to verify our theoretical predictions, and a reasonable agreement is found between the numerical results and our model.
High speed CMOS acquisition system based on FPGA embedded image processing for electro-optical measurements
Authors: Rosu-Hamzescu Mihnea , Polonschii Cristina , Oprea Sergiu , Popescu Dragos , David Sorin , Bratu Dumitru , Gheorghiu Eugen
Published: June 2018

Electro-optical measurements, i.e., optical waveguides and plasmonic based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (P-EIS), are based on the sensitive dependence of refractive index of electro-optical sensors on surface charge density, modulated by an AC electrical field applied to the sensor surface. Recently, P-EIS has emerged as a new analytical tool that can resolve local impedance with high, optical spatial resolution, without using microelectrodes. This study describes a high speed image acquisition and processing system for electro-optical measurements, based on a high speed complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The FPGA is used to configure CMOS parameters, as well as to receive and locally process the acquired images by performing Fourier analysis for each pixel, deriving the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier coefficients for the AC field frequencies. An AC field generator, for single or multi-sine signals, is synchronized with the high speed acquisition system for phase measurements. The system was successfully used for real-time angle-resolved electro-plasmonic measurements from 30 Hz up to 10 kHz, providing results consistent to ones obtained by a conventional electrical impedance approach. The system was able to detect amplitude variations with a relative variation of ±1%, even for rather low sampling rates per period (i.e., 8 samples per period). The PC (personal computer) acquisition and control software allows synchronized acquisition for multiple FPGA boards, making it also suitable for simultaneous angle-resolved P-EIS imaging.
Designing epitaxial GeSbTe alloys by tuning the phase, the composition, and the vacancy ordering
Authors: Bragaglia Valeria , Arciprete Fabrizio , Mio Antonio M. , Calarco Raffaella
Published: June 2018

In this study, we present a significant advance in the growth of epitaxial GeTe-Sb2Te3 alloys on Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30°-Sb reconstructed surface by means of Molecular Beam Epitaxy. By employing X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, we show how phase, composition, and vacancy ordering can be tailored by tuning the growth parameters such as Ge and Te elemental fluxes as well as the substrate temperature. The effect of each parameter on the GeSbTe composition and phase is also discussed. A very surprising finding is that GeSbTe alloys are more ordered when grown at lower substrate temperatures. In addition, it was possible to fabricate ordered GeSbTe even for substrate temperatures as low as 120 °C. In situ high-energy electron diffraction is employed to monitor the crystallinity and surface roughness of GeSbTe films at different stages of growth. Thus, we identify the deposition parameter ranges whereby high structural quality GeSbTe with flat surfaces can be obtained.
Eventually entanglement breaking maps
Authors: Rahaman Mizanur , Jaques Samuel , Paulsen Vern I.
Published: June 2018

We analyze linear maps on matrix algebras that become entanglement breaking after composing a finite or infinite number of times with themselves. This means that the Choi matrix of the iterated linear map becomes separable in the tensor product space. If a linear map becomes entanglement breaking after finitely many iterations, we say that the map has a finite index of separability. In particular, we show that every unital positive partial transpose (PPT) channel has a finite index of separability and that the class of unital channels that have a finite index of separability is a dense subset of the unital channels. We construct concrete examples of maps which are not PPT but have a finite index of separability. We prove that there is a large class of unital channels that are asymptotically entanglement breaking. Our work is motivated by Christandl’s PPT-squared conjecture. This conjecture states that every PPT channel, when composed with itself, becomes entanglement breaking.
Detection of traffic incidents using nonlinear time series analysis
Authors: Fragkou A. D. , Karakasidis T. E. , Nathanail E.
Published: June 2018

In this study, we present results of the application of nonlinear time series analysis on traffic data for incident detection. More specifically, we analyze daily volume records of Attica Tollway (Greece) collected from sensors located at various locations. The analysis was performed using the Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) method of the volume data of the lane closest to the median. The results show that it is possible to identify, through the abrupt change of the dynamics of the system revealed by RPs and RQA, the occurrence of incidents on the freeway and differentiate from recurrent traffic congestion. The proposed methodology could be of interest for big data traffic analysis.
Detecting spatial defects in colored patterns using self-oscillating gels
Authors: Fang Yan , Yashin Victor V. , Dickerson Samuel J. , Balazs Anna C.
Published: June 2018

With the growing demand for wearable computers, there is a need for material systems that can perform computational tasks without relying on external electrical power. Using theory and simulation, we design a material system that “computes” by integrating the inherent behavior of self-oscillating gels undergoing the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction and piezoelectric (PZ) plates. These “BZ-PZ” units are connected electrically to form a coupled oscillator network, which displays specific modes of synchronization. We exploit this attribute in employing multiple BZ-PZ networks to perform pattern matching on complex multi-dimensional data, such as colored images. By decomposing a colored image into sets of binary vectors, we use each BZ-PZ network, or “channel,” to store distinct information about the color and the shape of the image and perform the pattern matching operation. Our simulation results indicate that the multi-channel BZ-PZ device can detect subtle differences between the input and stored patterns, such as the color variation of one pixel or a small change in the shape of an object. To demonstrate a practical application, we utilize our system to process a colored Quick Response code and show its potential in cryptography and steganography.
Collisional effects in negative ion plasmas in the presence of degenerate electrons
Authors: Hussain S. , Akhtar N.
Published: June 2018

Ion acoustic solitary wave structures in negative ion plasmas in the presence of degenerate electrons are investigated. The collisions of positive ions, negative ions, and electrons with neutrals are considered. The Damped Korteweg-de Vries (DKdV) equation is derived by using reductive perturbation method. The time dependent solution of DKdV is presented. Different combinations of the negative ion plasmas in the presence of degenerate electrons are considered for numerical analyses. The effects of variations of different plasmas parameters on the propagation characteristics of the damped solitary wave structure are discussed.
Inter-layer and intra-layer heat transfer in bilayer/monolayer graphene van der Waals heterostructure: Is there a Kapitza resistance analogous?
Authors: Rajabpour Ali , Fan Zheyong , Vaez Allaei S. Mehdi
Published: June 2018

Van der Waals heterostructures have exhibited interesting physical properties. In this paper, heat transfer in hybrid coplanar bilayer/monolayer (BL-ML) graphene, as a model layered van der Waals heterostructure, was studied using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The temperature profile and inter- and intra-layer heat fluxes of the BL-ML graphene indicated that, there is no fully developed thermal equilibrium between layers and the drop in the average temperature profile at the step-like BL-ML interface is not attributable to the effect of Kapitza resistance. By increasing the length of the system up to 1 μm in the studied MD simulations, the thermally non-equilibrium region was reduced to a small area near the step-like interface. All MD results were compared to a continuum model and a good match was observed between the two approaches. Our results provide a useful understanding of heat transfer in nano- and micro-scale layered materials and van der Waals heterostructures.
New fractional derivatives with non-singular kernel applied to the Burgers equation
Authors: Saad Khaled M. , Atangana Abdon , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we extend the model of the Burgers (B) to the new model of time fractional Burgers (TFB) based on Liouville-Caputo (LC), Caputo-Fabrizio (CF), and Mittag-Leffler (ML) fractional time derivatives, respectively. We utilize the Homotopy Analysis Transform Method (HATM) to compute the approximate solutions of TFB using LC, CF, and ML in the Liouville-Caputo sense. We study the convergence analysis of HATM by computing the interval of the convergence, the residual error function (REF), and the average residual error (ARE), respectively. The results are very effective and accurate.
Quantum Hamilton equations of motion for bound states of one-dimensional quantum systems
Authors: Köppe J. , Patzold M. , Grecksch W. , Paul W.
Published: June 2018

On the basis of Nelson’s stochastic mechanics derivation of the Schrödinger equation, a formal mathematical structure of non-relativistic quantum mechanics equivalent to the one in classical analytical mechanics has been established in the literature. We recently were able to augment this structure by deriving quantum Hamilton equations of motion by finding the Nash equilibrium of a stochastic optimal control problem, which is the generalization of Hamilton’s principle of classical mechanics to quantum systems. We showed that these equations allow a description and numerical determination of the ground state of quantum problems without using the Schrödinger equation. We extend this approach here to deliver the complete discrete energy spectrum and related eigenfunctions for bound states of one-dimensional stationary quantum systems. We exemplify this analytically for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator and numerically by analyzing a quartic double-well potential, a model of broad importance in many areas of physics. We furthermore point out a relation between the tunnel splitting of such models and mean first passage time concepts applied to Nelson’s diffusion paths in the ground state.
Dissociation of dicyclohexyl phthalate molecule induced by low-energy electron impact
Authors: Lacko Michal , Papp Peter , Matejčík Štefan
Published: June 2018

Experimental investigation of electron ionization (EI) of and electron attachment (EA) onto dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) was carried out using a crossed electron and molecular beam technique. Formation of positive and negative ions by EI and EA with the corresponding dissociation processes was studied and discussed. Due to a low ion yield of the parent positive ion, we were not able to estimate the ionization energy of DCHP. However, we estimated the appearance energies for the protonated phthalate anhydride (m/z 149) to be 10.5 eV and other significant ionic fragments of m/z 249 [DCHP—(R—2H)]+, m/z 167 [DCHP—(2R—3H)]+, and m/z 83 [C6H11]+. The reaction mechanisms of the dissociative ionization process were discussed. In the case of negative ions, we estimated the relative cross sections for a transient negative ion (TNI) and for several detected ions. At low electron energies (close to 0 eV), the TNI of DCHP molecules was the dominant ion, with products of dissociative EA dominating in broad resonances at 7.5 and 8.5 eV.
Citric acid induced W18O49 electrochromic films with enhanced optical modulation
Authors: Xie Junliang , Song Bin , Zhao Gaoling , Han Gaorong
Published: June 2018

Electrochromic materials exhibit promising applications in energy-saving fields for their ability to control heat from outdoors. Nanostructured W18O49 has drawn attention for its one-dimensional structure to transfer charge efficiently as a remarkable electrochromic material. W18O49 bi-layer films were fabricated through a facile one-step solvothermal process with citric acid as a chelating agent. The addition of citric acid improved the deposition on the substance, and a nanostructured film with a denser layer at the bottom and a tussock-like upper layer was obtained. The bi-layer film exhibited an enhanced optical modulation of 68.7%, a coloration efficiency of 82.1 cm2/C with stability over 400 cycles, and fast response times (1.4 s and 2.3 s for bleaching and coloring), with expectation to be applied in the electrochromic field.
High quality gate dielectric/MoS2 interfaces probed by the conductance method
Authors: Dev Durjoy , Krishnaprasad Adithi , Kalita Hirokjyoti , Das Sonali , Rodriguez Victor , Calderon Flores Jean , Zhai Lei , Roy Tania
Published: June 2018

Two-dimensional materials provide a versatile platform for various electronic and optoelectronic devices, due to their uniform thickness and pristine surfaces. We probe the superior quality of 2D/2D and 2D/3D interfaces by fabricating molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-based field effect transistors having hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and Al2O3 as the top gate dielectrics. An extremely low trap density of ∼7 × 1010 states/cm2-eV is extracted at the 2D/2D interfaces with h-BN as the top gate dielectric on the MoS2 channel. 2D/3D interfaces with Al2O3 as the top gate dielectric and SiOx as the nucleation layer exhibit trap densities between 7 × 1010 and 1011 states/cm2-eV, which are lower than previously reported 2D-channel/high-κ-dielectric interface trap densities. The comparable values of trap time constants for both interfaces imply that similar types of defects contribute to the interface traps. This work establishes the case for van der Waals systems where the superior quality of 2D/2D and 2D/high-κ dielectric interfaces can produce high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Magnetically confined electron beam system for high resolution electron transmission-beam experiments
Authors: Lozano A. I. , Oller J. C. , Krupa K. , Ferreira da Silva F. , Limão-Vieira P. , Blanco F. , Muñoz A. , Colmenares R. , García G.
Published: June 2018

A novel experimental setup has been implemented to provide accurate electron scattering cross sections from molecules at low and intermediate impact energies (1-300 eV) by measuring the attenuation of a magnetically confined linear electron beam from a molecular target. High-resolution electron energy is achieved through confinement in a magnetic gas trap where electrons are cooled by successive collisions with N2. Additionally, we developed and present a method to correct systematic errors arising from energy and angular resolution limitations. The accuracy of the entire measurement procedure is validated by comparing the N2 total scattering cross section in the considered energy range with benchmark values available in the literature.
High photoresponse of individual WS2 nanowire-nanoflake hybrid materials
Authors: Asres Georgies Alene , Järvinen Topias , Lorite Gabriela S. , Mohl Melinda , Pitkänen Olli , Dombovari Aron , Tóth Geza , Spetz Anita Lloyd , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Lei Sidong , Talapatra Saikat , Kordas Krisztian
Published: June 2018

van der Waals solids have been recognized as highly photosensitive materials that compete conventional Si and compound semiconductor based devices. While 2-dimensional nanosheets of single and multiple layers and 1-dimensional nanowires of molybdenum and tungsten chalcogenides have been studied, their nanostructured derivatives with complex morphologies are not explored yet. Here, we report on the electrical and photosensitive properties of WS2 nanowire-nanoflake hybrid materials we developed lately. We probe individual hybrid nanostructured particles along the structure using focused ion beam deposited Pt contacts. Further, we use conductive atomic force microscopy to analyze electrical behavior across the nanostructure in the transverse direction. The electrical measurements are complemented by in situ laser beam illumination to explore the photoresponse of the nanohybrids in the visible optical spectrum. Photodetectors with responsivity up to ∼0.4 AW−1 are demonstrated outperforming graphene as well as most of the other transition metal dichalcogenide based devices.
Graphene as transparent electrode in Si solar cells: A dry transfer method
Authors: Zang Yuan , Li Lian-bi , Chu Qing , Pu Hongbin , Hu Jichao , Jin Haili , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2018

This paper present an experimental study on a new dry transfer method of graphene applied as transparent conducting electrode in textured silicon solar cells. Raman spectra of dry exfoliated graphene indicated a monolayer graphene was transferred onto textured Si cells and the dry exfoliated graphene with better crystalline quality is attained. Photovoltaic result shows the short circuit current of the dry transferred graphene on texture Si solar cell has an increase of 28% compared to the wet transferred graphene. It proves the possibility of dry transferred graphene as transparent conducting electrode in textured Si solar cell applications.
A parametric symmetry breaking transducer
Authors: Eichler Alexander , Heugel Toni L. , Leuch Anina , Degen Christian L. , Chitra R. , Zilberberg Oded
Published: June 2018

Force detectors rely on resonators to transduce forces into a readable signal. Usually, these resonators operate in the linear regime and their signal appears amidst a competing background comprising thermal or quantum fluctuations as well as readout noise. Here, we demonstrate a parametric symmetry breaking transduction method that leads to a robust nonlinear force detection in the presence of noise. The force signal is encoded in the frequency at which the system jumps between two phase states which are inherently protected against phase noise. Consequently, the transduction effectively decouples from readout noise channels. For a controlled demonstration of the method, we experiment with a macroscopic doubly clamped string. Our method provides a promising paradigm for high-precision force detection.
Thermoelectric properties of graphene nanoribbons with surface roughness
Authors: Xiao Huaping , Cao Wei , Ouyang Tao , Xu Xiaoyan , Ding Yingchun , Zhong Jianxin
Published: June 2018

We theoretically investigate the ballistic thermoelectric performance of graphene nanoribbons with surface roughness using the nonequilibrium Green's function method. The results show that the surface roughness could dramatically reduce the thermal conductance of graphene nanoribbons, and thus lead to the boosting of thermoelectric performance of graphene (the figure of merit can be as high as 3.7 at room temperature). Meanwhile, the electron transport properties of different edged rough graphene nanoribbons exhibit distinctive anisotropic behaviors, i.e., the thermal power of armchair edged nanoribbons significantly increases, while that of zigzag edged remains nearly unchanged, which is mainly attributed to the edge effect. The findings presented in this paper qualify surface roughness as an efficient approach to enhance the thermoelectric performance of graphene nanoribbons.
Communication: Correct charge transfer in CT complexes from the Becke’05 density functional
Authors: Becke Axel D. , Dale Stephen G. , Johnson Erin R.
Published: June 2018

It has been known for over twenty years that density functionals of the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) type and exact-exchange-GGA hybrids with low exact-exchange mixing fraction yield enormous errors in the properties of charge-transfer (CT) complexes. Manifestations of this error have also plagued computations of CT excitation energies. GGAs transfer far too much charge in CT complexes. This error has therefore come to be called “delocalization” error. It remains, to this day, a vexing unsolved problem in density-functional theory (DFT). Here we report that a 100% exact-exchange-based density functional known as Becke’05 or “B05” [A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 2972 (2003); 122, 064101 (2005)] predicts excellent charge transfers in classic CT complexes involving the electron donors NH3, C2H4, HCN, and C2H2 and electron acceptors F2 and Cl2. Our approach is variational, as in our recent “B05min” dipole moments paper [Dale et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 154103 (2017)]. Therefore B05 is not only an accurate DFT for thermochemistry but is promising as a solution to the delocalization problem as well.
Replacement of rice straw with cassava-top silage on rumen ecology, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in dairy steers
Authors: Viennasay Bounnaxay , Wanapat Metha , Phesatcha Khampanat , Phesatcha Burarat , Ampapon Thiwakorn
Published: June 2018

Conserving good source of roughage for dry-season feeding of ruminants is of the utmost importance. Therefore, cassava-top silage (CTS) was prepared and was studied for its feeding level and nutritive value in dairy steers. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers (75% Holstein Friesian × 25% Thai Native), ~3 years old with 209 ± 50 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of CTS on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency. The treatments were four different feeding ratios of CTS to rice straw, as follows: 0:100, 30:70, 60:40 and 100:0 respectively. Increasing the ratio of CTS to rice straw in the feed remarkably reduced the rumen protozoal population (P < 0.01), thus subsequently decreasing rumen methane production (P < 0.01), whereas other rumen microorganisms remained similar among treatments. Correspondingly, rumen propionate production was enhanced (P < 0.01) by increasing the CTS to rice ratio in the feed, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen increased (P < 0.01) with an increasing proportion of CTS in the feed, whereas nitrogen retention was highest when the proportion of CTS in the feed was 100%. Although the feed DM intakes were similar, apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly improved by the increase in the percentage of CTS in the feed. It could be concluded that including CTS in the feed at a level of 60–100% improved the rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibilities, and is highly recommended for use in the ruminant production in the tropics, as it is a practically simple-to-prepare on-farm feeding intervention.
YES1
amplification is a mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors identified by transposon mutagenesis and clinical genomics
Authors: Fan Pang-Dian , Narzisi Giuseppe , Jayaprakash Anitha D. , Venturini Elisa , Robine Nicolas , Smibert Peter , Germer Soren , Yu Helena A. , Jordan Emmet J. , Paik Paul K. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Chaft Jamie E. , Wang Lu , Jungbluth Achim A. , Middha Sumit , Spraggon Lee , Qiao Huan , Lovly Christine M. , Kris Mark G. , Riely Gregory J. , Politi Katerina , Varmus Harold , Ladanyi Marc
Published: June 2018

Significance

Despite high response rates to treatment with small molecule inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, patients with
EGFR
-mutant lung adenocarcinomas eventually develop resistance to these drugs. In many cases, the basis of acquired resistance remains unclear. We have used a transposon mutagenesis screen in an
EGFR
-mutant cell line and clinical genomic sequencing in cases of acquired resistance to identify amplification of
YES1
as a targetable mechanism of resistance to EGFR inhibitors in
EGFR
-mutant lung cancers.
A sense of agency
Authors: Phillips Joshua
Published: June 2018

Roper Kriol exhibits variation in the shape of the first-person singular pronoun in subject position. This paper provides an account of the numerous syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors that appear to influence the selection of eitheraiormibased predominantly on a study of a corpus of the written language. It is claimed that the synchronic distribution ofaiandmiis an innovation primarily motivated by speaker reanalysis of the semantic entailments frequently associated with English subject and object arguments – effectively evidence of the partial grammaticalisation of agentivity in these varieties. This work has implications for our understanding of ‘agentivity’ as a cross-linguistic, cognitive category and for the dynamic relationship between semantic roles and the morphosyntactic encoding of grammatical relations.
Existentials and possessives in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Melnik Nurit
Published: June 2018

This paper considers the relationship between synchronic variation and language change in the context of the existential and possessive constructions in Modern Hebrew, which exhibit a normative – colloquial alternation. The study examines usage patterns across age groups and time periods, as represented in spoken-language corpora. It shows that the non-normative construction is used extensively in the contemporary speech of adults. Moreover, a comparison of the use of the normative – colloquial alternations by two populations, children and adults, in different time periods, provides evidence to suggest that these constructions are undergoing language change. A cross-linguistic perspective lends additional support: across languages the expression of existence involves non-canonical structures, which are particularly susceptible to language variation and, possibly, language change.
The budding yeast RSC complex maintains ploidy by promoting spindle pole body insertion
Authors: Sing Tina L. , Hung Minnie P. , Ohnuki Shinsuke , Suzuki Godai , San Luis Bryan-Joseph , McClain Melainia , Unruh Jay R. , Yu Zulin , Ou Jiongwen , Marshall-Sheppard Jesse , Huh Won-Ki , Costanzo Michael , Boone Charles , Ohya Yoshikazu , Jaspersen Sue L. , Brown Grant W.
Published: June 2018

Ploidy is tightly regulated in eukaryotic cells and is critical for cell function and survival. Cells coordinate multiple pathways to ensure replicated DNA is segregated accurately to prevent abnormal changes in chromosome number. In this study, we characterize an unanticipated role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae “remodels the structure of chromatin” (RSC) complex in ploidy maintenance. We show that deletion of any of six nonessential RSC genes causes a rapid transition from haploid to diploid DNA content because of nondisjunction events. Diploidization is accompanied by diagnostic changes in cell morphology and is stably maintained without further ploidy increases. We find that RSC promotes chromosome segregation by facilitating spindle pole body (SPB) duplication. More specifically, RSC plays a role in distributing two SPB insertion factors, Nbp1 and Ndc1, to the new SPB. Thus, we provide insight into a role for a SWI/SNF family complex in SPB duplication and ploidy maintenance.
The Rho regulator Myosin IXb enables nonlymphoid tissue seeding of protective CD8+ T cells
Authors: Moalli Federica , Ficht Xenia , Germann Philipp , Vladymyrov Mykhailo , Stolp Bettina , de Vries Ingrid , Lyck Ruth , Balmer Jasmin , Fiocchi Amleto , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Merkler Doron , Iannacone Matteo , Ariga Akitaka , Stoffel Michael H. , Sharpe James , Bähler Martin , Sixt Michael , Diz-Muñoz Alba , Stein Jens V.
Published: June 2018

T cells are actively scanning pMHC-presenting cells in lymphoid organs and nonlymphoid tissues (NLTs) with divergent topologies and confinement. How the T cell actomyosin cytoskeleton facilitates this task in distinct environments is incompletely understood. Here, we show that lack of Myosin IXb (Myo9b), a negative regulator of the small GTPase Rho, led to increased Rho-GTP levels and cell surface stiffness in primary T cells. Nonetheless, intravital imaging revealed robust motility of Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissue and similar expansion and differentiation during immune responses. In contrast, accumulation of Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells in NLTs was strongly impaired. Specifically, Myo9b was required for T cell crossing of basement membranes, such as those which are present between dermis and epidermis. As consequence, Myo9b−/− CD8+ T cells showed impaired control of skin infections. In sum, we show that Myo9b is critical for the CD8+ T cell adaptation from lymphoid to NLT surveillance and the establishment of protective tissue–resident T cell populations.
Electrostatic interpretation of zeros of orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan
Published: June 2018

We study the differential equation

−
(
p
(
x
)

y
′

)
′

+
q
(
x
)

y
′

=
λ
y
,

- (p(x) y’)’ + q(x) y’ = \lambda y,

where

p
(
x
)

p(x)

is a polynomial of degree at most 2 and

q
(
x
)

q(x)

is a polynomial of degree at most 1. This includes the classical Jacobi polynomials, Hermite polynomials, Legendre polynomials, Chebychev polynomials, and Laguerre polynomials. We provide a general electrostatic interpretation of zeros of such polynomials: a set of distinct, real numbers

{

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

}

\left \{x_1, \dots , x_n\right \}

satisfies
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline right-parenthesis sigma-summation Underscript StartLayout 1st Row k equals 1 2nd Row k not-equals i EndLayout Overscript n Endscripts StartFraction 2 Over x Subscript k Baseline minus x Subscript i Baseline EndFraction equals q left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline right-parenthesis minus p prime left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline right-parenthesis normal f normal o normal r normal a normal l normal l 1 less-than-or-equal-to i less-than-or-equal-to n">

p
(

x
i

)

∑

k
=
1

k
≠
i

n

2

x
k

−

x
i

=
q
(

x
i

)
−

p
′

(

x
i

)

f
o
r
a
l
l

 
1
≤
i
≤
n

\begin{equation*} p(x_i) \sum _{k = 1 \atop k \neq i}^{n}{\frac {2}{x_k - x_i}} = q(x_i) - p’(x_i) \qquad \mathrm {for all}~ 1\leq i \leq n \end{equation*}

if and only if they are zeros of a polynomial solving the differential equation. We also derive a system of ODEs depending on

p
(
x
)
,
q
(
x
)

p(x),q(x)

whose solutions converge to the zeros of the orthogonal polynomial at an exponential rate.
The number of gridpoints on hyperplane sections of the 𝑑-dimensional cube
Authors: Abel Ulrich
Published: June 2018

We deduce a formula for the exact number of gridpoints (i.e., elements of

Z

d

\mathbb {Z}^{d}

) in the extended

d
d

-dimensional cube

n

C

d

=

[
−
n
,
+
n
]

d

nC_{d}=\left [ -n,+n \right ] ^{d}

on intersecting hyperplanes. In the special case of the hyperplanes

{
x
∈

R

d

∣

x

1

+
⋯
+

x

d

=
b
}

\{ x\in \mathbb {R}^{d}\mid x_{1}+\cdots +x_{d} =b\}

,

b
∈

Z

b\in \mathbb {Z}

, these numbers can be written as a finite sum involving products of certain binomial coefficients. Furthermore, we consider the limit as

n
n

tends to infinity which can be expressed in terms of Euler-Frobenius numbers. Finally, we state a conjecture on the asymptotic behaviour of this limit as the dimension

d
d

tends to infinity.
Klein’s formulas and arithmetic of Teichmüller modular forms
Authors: Ichikawa Takashi
Published: June 2018

We apply the arithmetic theory of Teichmüller modular forms to calculating constants in relations, which are connected with Klein’s (amazing) formulas, between certain invariants of canonical curves of genus

g
=
3
,
4

g = 3, 4

.
Exact contexts, noncommutative tensor products, and universal localizations
Authors: Chen Hongxing , Xi Changchang
Published: June 2018

Exact contexts and their noncommutative tensor products are introduced which generalize the notions of Milnor squares and usual tensor products over commutative rings, respectively. Exact contexts are characterized by rigid morphisms which exist abundantly, while noncommutative tensor products not only capture some useful constructions in ring theory (such as coproducts of rings and trivially twisted extensions) but also provide a new method to construct universal localizations with rich homological and structural information. Moreover, sufficient and necessary conditions in terms of the data of exact contexts are presented to ensure that the universal localizations constructed are homological ring epimorphisms.