bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Nomenclature for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD): Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT). Ketodiets and Nutraceuticals Expert Panels: “KetoNut”, Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI)
Authors: Barrea Luigi , Caprio Massimiliano , Grassi Davide , Cicero Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe , Bagnato Carmela , Paolini Barbara , Muscogiuri Giovanna
Published: July 2024

Purpose of Review

In an attempt to clarify the most appropriate nomenclature for the very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD), we propose to change the nomenclature and acronym of this medical nutrition therapy. The new definition and acronym proposed by the "KetoNut" panel of experts of the Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) is Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT).

Recent Findings

In the last few years, different authors have focused on the issue of confusion in the nomenclature of ketogenic diets. In detail, have been differentiated the VLCKD that provides < 800 kcal per day, which is intended for the weight loss in the medical treatment of obesity, and a eucaloric ketogenic diet, which contains more calories from fat (predominantly unsaturated) and with specific ketogenic ratios, for allow growth in children while helping, at the same time, to establish epileptic seizure control.

In recent years, ketogenic diets have attracted great interest for their efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological diseases but also in patients with overweight and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, although ketogenic diets are a dietary intervention designed to induce nutritional ketosis, different diets with different macronutrients’ composition have been called with this name. The confusion in the nomenclature of ketogenic diets may result in significant bias and mistakes in the interpretation of the current scientific evidence.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of particle diameter and void fraction on gas–solid two-phase flow: a numerical investigation using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach
Authors: Elreafay Adel M. , Salem Khaled M. , Abumandour Ramzy M. , Dawood A. S. , Al Nuaimi Saeed
Published: July 2024

Sudden expansion pipes are crucial in fluid dynamics for studying flow behavior, turbulence, and pressure distribution in various systems. This study focuses on investigating the behavior of a two-phase flow, specifically a gas–solid turbulent flow, in a sudden expansion. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach is employed to model the flow characteristics. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach treats both phases (gas and solid) as separate continua, and their interactions are described using conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy. The study aims to understand the complex phenomena occurring in the flow, such as particle dispersion, turbulence modulation, and pressure drop. The governing equations are solved using house developed code called FORTRAN, a widely used programming language in scientific and engineering simulations. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of gas–solid two-phase flows in sudden expansions, which have important applications in various industries, including chemical engineering, energy systems, and environmental engineering. A parametric study of the impact of particles diameters (20, 120, 220, 500 µm), the solid volume loading ratios $$(0.005, 0.008, 0.01)$$

(
0.005
,
0.008
,
0.01
)

and area ratios (2.25, 5.76, 9) effect of sudden expansion on the streamlines, local skin friction, pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and separation zone.
Associated Probabilities’ Aggregations in Fuzzy Collaborative Filtering Recommender System Prediction
Authors: Sirbiladze Gia , Garg Harish , Khutsishvili Irina , Midodashvili Bidzina , Gugunava Oleg
Published: July 2024

In this article, the expert evaluations transformed in the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) model are presented in the discrimination q-rung picture linguistic fuzzy numbers (q-RPLFNs). In the construction of a second-order additive fuzzy measure (TOAFM) the attributes’ interaction indexes and Shapley values are taken into account. The Shapley entropy maximum principle for identification of associated probabilities class (APC) of a TOAFM is constructed. Based on the APC of the TOAFM, a new aggregation operators’ class is constructed which represents some hybrid extensions of ordered weighted averaging (OWA), geometric (OWG), the Choquet integral averaging (CA) and geometric (CG) operators under discrimination q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) and q-rung picture linguistic fuzzy (q-RPLF) information. These operators, constructed for the q-RPLF and q-ROF environments, take into account the overall pair interactions among attributes. Main properties on the correctness of extensions are proved: for the lower and upper capacities of order 2, all constructed operators consequently coincide with q-ROF and q-RPLF Choquet averaging and geometric operators, respectively. Constructed operators in the evaluation of prediction of fuzzy Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems (CFRS) are used. New symmetric discrimination measures as some extensions of discrimination measures for the fuzzy CFRS are proposed. Users’ profile data by the constructed operators in the new similarity measure under q-rung picture linguistic environment are aggregated. The developed new approach is schematically described in such a way that it can be “embedded” in any existing CFRS model. An example is given to illustrate the results, for which the software designed to aggregate profile data for similarity comparison provides the use of new and well-known classical aggregation operators.
Periodontal plastic surgery and regenerative periodontal surgery in a forty-seven-year-old patient with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Kiramira David
Published: July 2024

Cleft lip and palate represent one of the most prevalent congenital malformations in humans, with an estimated prevalence of 0.45 per 1,000 individuals. During childhood and adolescence, affected patients undergo lengthy and complicated interdisciplinary treatment including treatment from specialists in pediatric medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, and otorhinolaryngology. The patient exhibited scarred adhesions with localized mucogingival deformities of the premaxilla (region 12 − 11), bilateral cleft lip and palate, and a complex underlying one-wall intrabony osseous defect on tooth 11, in addition to hard- and soft-tissue deficiencies at the dental implant in region 12. Following the administration of localized anti-infective periodontal therapy, regenerative periodontal surgery, regenerative surgical therapy of periimplantitis, and periodontal plastic surgery were performed. This resulted in a long-term, stable improvement in the clinical situation. Regenerative periodontal therapy and periodontal plastic surgery in patients with palato-alveolar cleft present a significant challenge due to the poor condition of the mucosa and gingiva adjacent to the defect and the insufficient bone dimensions. For this reason, it seems beneficial to include the periodontist in the interdisciplinary treatment team of a patient with cleft lip and palate from the outset. It is recommended that the patient be provided with dental prophylaxis measures and receive individualized oral hygiene instructions in addition to the main maxillofacial and orthodontic treatment. This approach would facilitate the identification of mucogingival issues at an early stage and the implementation of appropriate treatment.
Confidence Is Influenced by Evidence Accumulation Time in Dynamical Decision Models
Authors: Hellmann Sebastian , Zehetleitner Michael , Rausch Manuel
Published: July 2024

Confidence judgments are closely correlated with response times across a wide range of decision tasks. Sequential sampling models offer two competing explanations for the relationship between confidence and response time: According to some models, decision time directly influences confidence. Other models explain the correlation by linking subjective confidence computation to the decision process dynamics. In previous model comparisons, drift diffusion-based confidence models that do not explicitly consider decision time in the computation of confidence provided superior model fits compared to race models that directly included decision time in the internal computation of confidence. In the present study, we present support for the assumption that confidence explicitly takes decision time and post-decisional accumulation time into account. We propose the dynamical visibility, time, and evidence (dynaViTE) model, an extension of the dynamical weighted evidence and visibility (dynWEV) model. DynaViTE assumes that confidence is not solely based on the final amount of accumulated evidence but explicitly includes time in the computation of confidence. Model comparisons using four previously published data sets with different perceptual decision tasks showed a good model fit of dynaViTE, indicating that the relationship between confidence and response time is not only due to the close link in the accumulation process but also to an explicit inclusion of time in the computation of confidence.
Hallux valgus und andere schmerzhafte Fußdeformitäten
Authors: Schmid Oskar A. , Than Péter
Published: July 2024

Schmerzhafte Fußdeformitäten stellen eine große Herausforderung in der Behandlung dar. Dies gilt insbesondere für den Hallux valgus (HV), der weltweit mit einer Prävalenz von 19 % auftritt und mit möglichen weiteren Deformitäten der Kleinzehen wie Hammerzehen einhergeht. Eine konservative Behandlung mit therapeutischen Geräten, physikalischer Therapie einschließlich Tuina, Neuraltherapie und ärztlicher Akupunktur sind die wichtigsten Behandlungsoptionen. Bei schweren Deformitäten können moderne chirurgische Verfahren den Patienten ein gutes tägliches Aktivitätsniveau ermöglichen.
Refinement of cast microstructure of A517 steel by addition of TiB2
Authors: Liang Guo-fang , Liu Yin-gang , Yang Xian-liang , Tan Qi-yang , Wu Tao , Wang Jian-jun , Atrens Andrej , Tian Zhi-qiang , Zhang Ming-xing
Published: July 2024

The effect of TiB2 addition on microstructure refinement of the as-cast and reheated A517 steel has been investigated. 0.1 wt.% TiB2 addition resulted in a reduction in equiaxed γ grain size from 990 ± 183 to 116 ± 35 μm and an increase in the volume fraction of equiaxed γ grain region from 5% to 67% in the as-cast A517 steel ingots. Microstructure analysis identified TiN particles rather than TiB2. This is attributed to the low thermodynamic stability of TiB2, leading to its decomposition into free Ti and B elements at an elevated temperature. Then, chemical reaction between the free Ti and residual nitrogen in the liquid resulted in the formation of TiN. Hence, it is considered that TiN acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the δ-ferrite. This initiated the refinement and columnar to equiaxed transition of δ-dendrites. As a result, the subsequently formed γ grains were correspondingly refined. Such microstructure refinement led to improvement of the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast A517 steel. However, the reheating of the as-cast A517 steel resulted in a marginal microstructure refinement in the samples with low TiB2 addition. This is attributed to the limited pinning effect of the coarse TiN particles formed during casting process. Consequently, the tensile properties of the reheated A517 steel remained unaffected by the TiB2 addition.
An Innovative Approach in Inspecting a Damped Mathieu Cubic–Quintic Duffing Oscillator
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The objective of the present study is to analyze a damped Mathieu–cubic quintic Duffing oscillator as a parametric nonlinear oscillatory dynamical system. This equation has multiple applications in diverse fields, including optics, quantum physics, and general relativity. There are multiple concerns related to periodic motion and the analysis of boundary-value problems with elliptic symmetries. The current effort aims to determine the frequency amplitude of parametric nonlinear issues.

Method

The non-perturbative approach (NPA) is employed to transform the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) into a linear equation. The derivation of the approximate solutions is achieved without relying on typical perturbation approaches, separate from the series expansion. Hence, the objective of this study is to depart from traditional perturbation methods and acquire approximated solutions for minor amplitude parametric components without imposing any limitations. Furthermore, the technique is extended to ascertain optimal solutions for the nonlinear large amplitude of fluctuation.

Results

The current approach allows for rapid estimation of the frequency-amplitude relationship in order to attain successive approximations of the solutions for parametric nonlinear fluctuations. A validation is obtained for the derived parametric equation, demonstrating a high level of agreement with the original equation. An analysis of stability behavior is conducted in multiple scenarios. In addition, the Floquet theory is used to examine the transition curves.

Conclusion

The current technique is characterized by its clear principles, making it practical, user-friendly, and capable of achieving exceptionally high numerical precision. The current approach is highly beneficial for addressing nonlinear parametric problems due to its ability to minimize algebraic complexity during implementation.
Identifying and Prioritizing Factors to Improve Implementation of an Evidence-Based Program for Child Maltreatment Prevention in Rural Missouri Communities
Authors: Stamatakis Katherine A. , Shrestha Ashish , Biggs Jacklyn , Jimenez Pegah Naemi , Pendley Connie , Francioni Anne , Baker Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Prevention of child abuse and maltreatment is critical in the Ozark region of Missouri where rates are higher than in other areas of the state. Community-based organizations seeking to address these issues in rural areas face significant challenges both internal and external to the organization. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), Whole Kids Outreach (WKO) utilized a modified concept mapping approach to identify strategies needed to address these challenges and more effectively implement the Healthy Families America (HFA) program in seven counties in the rural Missouri Ozark region. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify barriers and supports to the implementation of HFA. Statements were generated via in-person and telephone interviews with key stakeholders (WKO internal staff and external partners). These stakeholders then sorted statements into like piles and rated them according to importance. Concept mapping systems software, using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis, was used to determine the most salient cluster solution. The resulting cluster map depicted six thematic clusters and provided a visual representation of relationships between clusters. Stakeholders were then guided through a nominal group process to prioritize key issues and begin to develop strategies to address them.
Optimization of Coronary Stent Design Using Response Surface Modeling
Authors: Subedi Sujan , Joshi Prajwol
Published: July 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and can partially be treated using coronary stents. During stent placement in the artery, vascular wall injuries occur due to the nonuniform expansion of the stent. The radial displacement at the distal end of the stent becomes greater than the radial displacement at the middle of the stent. This phenomenon is known as the dogboning effect. This paper presents a possible solution to counteract this effect by optimizing the design parameters of polymeric bioresorbable Palmaz-Schatz stent. SolidWorks 2019 (Dassault Systèmes) is used to design the coronary stent. The finite element method (Abaqus standard) is used to investigate the expansion behavior of the stents. The optimization method uses forty initial samples to approximate the functional relationship between design parameters and the objective function. Optimization methods based on response surface methodology (RSM) using a regression model are proposed to decrease the dogboning effect. The optimization technique using RSM resulted in a 78.67% reduction in the dogboning rate from the average dogboning rate of initial samples and an 87.7% reduction in comparison with the original stent. This research offers valuable insights into mitigating the dogboning effect, thereby advancing the development of more efficient stent designs for treating CVDs.
Assessment of community health workers activities in six districts of Zambézia Province, Mozambique
Authors: Salomão Cristolde , Sawadogo-Lewis Talata , Maulide Cane Réka , Júnior António , Stone Briana , Sambo Júlia , Diaz Michael R. , Padama Fernando , Rodrigues Humberto , Roberton Timothy , Sabonete Acácio
Published: July 2024

Mozambique’s Community Health Worker (CHW) or Agentes Polivalentes Elementares in Portuguese (APE) in Mozambique was reinitiated in 2010 after an unsuccessful first attempt decades prior. Two decades after this reinitialization, the Ministry of Health of Mozambique (MoH) and other interested parties sought to understand how the implementation of APEs interventions is progressing. Given its low coverage of many health interventions. A cross-sectional study was carried out in six districts of the Province of Zambézia, namely: Ile, Inhassunge, Milange, Mocubela, Mulevala, and Pebane. A questionnaire was developed based on government plans, APE training material, and best practices for implementing ACS programs found in the literature for individual face-to-face interviews with APEs. A descriptive analysis was carried out to summarize the different components of the APEs program according to the interviewees' responses. A total of 148 APEs were interviewed. Only 48% of APEs replenished their kits every month, and stock-outs of medications ranged from 19 to 92%, with expired medication being found for 5–13% of the medications. Although the quality of supervision appears high with APEs reporting service delivery observation (88%), discussion of work performance (81%) and work-related problems (91%), checking of supplies (90%), review of records (93%), and praise (92%) during their last supervision, only 59% of the sample study reported having had their last meeting with their supervisor less than 1 month ago. APEs are very important in providing care to patients in remote communities. Nonetheless, challenges persist in ensuring the proper performance of the APEs program. More urgently, there is a need to focus more on securing a constant supply of APE kits to provide patient care and on regular and timely delivery of subsidies as an incentive.
Optimizing land use for climate mitigation using nature based solution (NBS) strategy: a study on afforestation potential and carbon sequestration in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Kanga Shruti , Meraj Gowhar , Singh Suraj Kumar , Singh Saurabh , Sajan Bhartendu , Kumar Pankaj , Rana Rakesh Singh , kumar Sunil , Mishra Varun Narayan
Published: July 2024

Rajasthan faces significant environmental challenges, including the pressing need for effective climate change mitigation strategies. Recognizing afforestation as a vital tool in this endeavor, this study leverages the latest in remote sensing and geospatial analysis to map out the state's afforestation potential. The goal is to assess land suitability across Rajasthan for afforestation projects and evaluate the potential carbon sequestration capabilities of different tree species. This aims to inform sustainable land management strategies that can contribute to climate change mitigation. By integrating satellite imagery, land cover data, terrain analysis, and vegetation indices, the study evaluates environmental factors such as slope, soil moisture, and vegetation health to identify areas optimal for tree planting. A carbon sequestration model was also developed to estimate sequestration rates based on species-specific growth patterns. Findings indicate that approximately 40% of Rajasthan is suitable for afforestation, with potential carbon sequestration rates ranging from 2 to 8 tons per hectare per year. Species such as Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Prosopis cineraria (Khejri) are identified as particularly effective for short-term sequestration, while Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber) are better suited for long-term carbon capture. This research highlights the importance of targeted afforestation using suitable tree species as a nature-based solution (NBS) for climate change mitigation in Rajasthan. The study offers a data-driven approach to enhancing ecosystem resilience and supports decision-making for climate adaptation in arid regions, highlighting the significant potential of Rajasthan's land for carbon sequestration through afforestation.
Application of industrial by-product waste as soil stabilising backfill material using a multi-layering method
Authors: Al Jaber Maryam , Muhammad Nurmunira , Selvaraj Jeevanraj
Published: July 2024

Peat soil presents significant challenges for construction due to its inherent weak properties, including high water content, limited permeability, low shear Strength, low specific gravity, and acidity. Despite the potential of Mg-rich synthetic gypsum (MRSG) to improve soil properties, research on its use for stabilising severely poor peat soils is limited. This study addresses this gap by investigating the efficacy of MRSG in peat soil stabilisation using a novel multi-layering backfill approach. The methodology includes soil classification of peat soil. And, to understand the mechanical and chemical changes of stabilized peat soil, the unconfined compressive Strength (UCS) testing and microstructural analysis using SEM, EDX, and XRD before and after stabilisation are studied. Peat samples were treated with MRSG through backfilling method in 5, 7, and 9 layers and evaluated the strength increment after curing periods of 7, 28, and 60 days. Results demonstrate that MRSG significantly enhanced the compressive strength, increasing it to 210.33 kPa as early as 7 days for 9 layers of backfill incomparable with the untreated soil strength of 51.87 kPa. The new cementitious product in the soil known as ettringite was observed from SEM analysis and confirmed by the EDX and XRD analysis. By recycling industrial byproducts, this environmentally friendly method encourages sustainability and lessens dependency on raw resources, which is important for infrastructure construction and other projects in areas rich in peat.
Assessing the Accuracy of Eddy‐Covariance Measurement at Different Source Emission Scenarios
Authors: Liu Shuo , Feng Zhaozhong , Fang Shuangxi , Liu Gang , Yuan Xiangyang , Shang Bo , Xu Yansen , Fu Haiwang , Jin Zeping , Chen Ziyi , Xiao Wei
Published: July 2024

The eddy‐covariance (EC) method assumes a homogeneous underlying surface. However, recent studies increasingly examining on EC measurements across diverse surfaces, raising concerns about measurement precision and accuracy. This study evaluates the impacts of altering the emission height and rate on the EC measurements through utilizing an artificial source emission system. The results demonstrated a significant impact of changes in the emission height and rate on the EC measurements. Higher emission height may lead to the underestimation of the measured EC fluxes, attributed to the variations in the footprint area and turbulent transport. Traditional data quality control methods may discard effective EC data during sudden changes in the emission rate. Therefore, to secure effective data and accurately observe emissions, it was practical to analyze the auxiliary factors, such as environmental factors, such as vapor pressure deficit (VPD). An unresolved issue would persist with the correction of the EC method for accurately capturing the actual emission signals when there was a sudden increase in the data range or deviation. Furthermore, comparing the footprint model estimations with the actual emissions demonstrated the necessity of footprint analyses, offering a valuable reference for the data calibration when the uncertainties arose owing to inhomogeneous underlying surfaces. Although EC fluxes across the three averaging periods indicated no significant differences, the footprint model suggested that 15‐min interval was the optimal. Further validation experiments are required for the EC measurements in locations with complex source conditions to enhance our understanding of land‐atmosphere flux exchange.
The Tectonic Structure and Evolution of the Potiguar‐Ceará Rifted Margin of Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Julia C. , Ranero Cesar R. , Vannucchi Paola , Iacopini David , Vital Helenice
Published: July 2024

The Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) is interpreted as a transform margin, where the last segment opened during Gondwana rifting. However, margin evolution, and break‐up age remain unconstrained. We interpret >10k km of crustal‐scale seismic images extending along ∼600 km of the margin calibrated with drillholes. We determine the style and timing of tectonics across the rift system. We link changes in crustal‐scale structure and age of sediment deposits to interpret variations with the style of extension and intensity of thinning across the BEM. Observations support a rift evolution where deformation is initially distributed forming a shallow basin, subsequently focusses, and later migrates basin‐ward forming the deep‐water domain. We interpret that tectonic activity started ∼140–136 Ma and stopped earlier in the shallow basin causing minor thinning, than in the deep‐water domain with a ∼60 km wide area with 4–8 km thick crust extended in Late Aptian to Early Albian (116–110 Ma). Constraints from seismic and drilling help define an abrupt continent to ocean transition (COT) where continental crust may be abutted by oceanic crust, and breakup occurred at early Albian time. Basin sedimentation from the onset to the Late Aptian is continental, indicating an isolated environment disconnected from Atlantic oceans. During late‐most Aptian to Early Albian basin sedimentation changes and indicates a comparatively rapid marine water infill. Rifting of the BEM is not dominated by transcurrent deformation as previously inferred, with strike‐slip faulting limited to comparatively small sectors, whereas most of the margin extended by normal faulting deformation.
Improved outcome of COVID-19 over time in patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy: Update of the European COVID-19 multicenter study on behalf of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP) and the European Hematology Association (EHA) Lymphoma Group
Authors: Spanjaart Anne Mea , Ljungman Per , Tridello Gloria , Schwartz Juana , Martinez-Cibrián Nuria , Barba Pere , Kwon Mi , Lopez-Corral Lucia , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Ferra Christelle , Di Blasi Roberta , Ghesquieres Hervé , Mutsaers Pim , Calkoen Friso , Jak Margot , van Doesum Jaap , Vermaat Joost S. P. , van der Poel Marjolein , Maertens Johan , Gambella Massimiliano , Metafuni Elisabetta , Ciceri Fabio , Saccardi Riccardo , Nicholson Emma , Tholouli Eleni , Matthew Collin , Potter Victoria , Bloor Adrian , Besley Caroline , Roddie Claire , Wilson Keith , Nagler Arnon , Campos Antonio , Petersen Soeren Lykke , Folber Frantisek , Bader Peter , Finke Jurgen , Kroger Nicolaus , Knelange Nina , de La Camara Rafael , Kersten Marie José , Mielke Stephan
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 has been associated with high mortality in patients treated with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. Here, we investigated whether the outcome has improved over time with the primary objective of assessing COVID-19-attributable mortality in the Omicron period of 2022 compared to previous years. Data for this multicenter study were collected using the MED-A and COVID-19 report forms developed by the EBMT. One-hundred-eighty patients were included in the analysis, 39 diagnosed in 2020, 35 in 2021 and 106 in 2022. The median age was 58.9 years (min-max: 5.2–78.4). There was a successive decrease in COVID-19-related mortality over time (2020: 43.6%, 2021: 22.9%, 2022: 7.5%) and in multivariate analysis year of infection was the strongest predictor of survival (p = 0.0001). Comparing 2022 with 2020–2021, significantly fewer patients had lower respiratory symptoms (21.7% vs 37.8%, p = 0.01), needed oxygen support (25.5% vs 43.2%, p = 0.01), or were admitted to ICU (5.7% vs 33.8%, p = 0.0001). Although COVID-19-related mortality has decreased over time, CAR T-cell recipients remain at higher risk for complications than the general population. Consequently, vigilant monitoring for COVID-19 in patients undergoing B-cell-targeting CAR T-cell treatment is continuously recommended ensuring optimal prevention of infection and advanced state-of-the art treatment when needed.
A memristive-photoconductive transduction methodology for accurately nondestructive memory readout
Authors: Zhou Zhe , Wu Yueyue , Pan Keyuan , Zhu Duoyi , Li Zifan , Yan Shiqi , Xin Qian , Wang Qiye , Qian Xinkai , Xiu Fei , Huang Wei , Liu Juqing
Published: July 2024

Crossbar resistive memory architectures enable high-capacity storage and neuromorphic computing, accurate retrieval of the stored information is a prerequisite during read operation. However, conventional electrical readout normally suffer from complicated process, inaccurate and destructive reading due to crosstalk effect from sneak path current. Here we report a memristive-photoconductive transduction (MPT) methodology for precise and nondestructive readout in a memristive crossbar array. The individual devices present dynamic filament form/fuse for resistance modulation under electric stimulation, which leads to photogenerated carrier transport for tunable photoconductive response under subsequently light pulse stimuli. This coherent signal transduction can be used to directly detect the memorized on/off states stored in each cell, and a prototype 4 * 4 crossbar memories has been constructed and validated for the fidelity of crosstalk-free readout in recall process.
Bottom-up construction of low-dimensional perovskite thick films for high-performance X-ray detection and imaging
Authors: Dong Siyin , Fan Zhenghui , Wei Wei , Tie Shujie , Yuan Ruihan , Zhou Bin , Yang Ning , Zheng Xiaojia , Shen Liang
Published: July 2024

Quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskite exhibits exceptional photoelectric properties and demonstrates reduced ion migration compared to 3D perovskite, making it a promising material for the fabrication of highly sensitive and stable X-ray detectors. However, achieving high-quality perovskite films with sufficient thickness for efficient X-ray absorption remains challenging. Herein, we present a novel approach to regulate the growth of Q-2D perovskite crystals in a mixed atmosphere comprising methylamine (CH3NH2, MA) and ammonia (NH3), resulting in the successful fabrication of high-quality films with a thickness of hundreds of micrometers. Subsequently, we build a heterojunction X-ray detector by incorporating the perovskite layer with titanium dioxide (TiO2). The precise regulation of perovskite crystal growth and the meticulous design of the device structure synergistically enhance the resistivity and carrier transport properties of the X-ray detector, resulting in an ultrahigh sensitivity (29721.4 μC Gyair−1 cm−2) for low-dimensional perovskite X-ray detectors and a low detection limit of 20.9 nGyair s−1. We have further demonstrated a flat panel X-ray imager (FPXI) showing a high spatial resolution of 3.6 lp mm−1 and outstanding X-ray imaging capability under low X-ray doses. This work presents an effective methodology for achieving high-performance Q-2D perovskite FPXIs that holds great promise for various applications in imaging technology.
The mediating effect of the amygdala-frontal circuit on the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Du Yang , Zhang Shaowei , Qiu Qi , Fang Yuan , Zhao Lu , Yue Ling , Wang Jinghua , Yan Feng , Li Xia
Published: July 2024

Depressive symptoms occur commonly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although abnormalities in the amygdala-frontal circuit have been linked to emotional dysregulation and cognitive impairment, the neurological basis underlying these associations in AD patients with depressive symptoms (ADD) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the amygdala-frontal circuit and depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD. We recruited 60 ADD, 60 AD patients without depressive symptoms (ADND), and 60 healthy controls (HC). Functional connectivity (FC) maps of the bilateral amygdala were compared. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the amygdala-frontal circuit connected by the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was calculated using automated fiber quantification (AFQ). In addition, mediation analysis was performed to explore the effects of the amygdala-frontal circuit on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function. We found decreased bilateral amygdala FC with the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the ADD group compared to the ADND and HC groups. Moreover, FA in the left frontal UF (nodes 64–97) was significantly lower in the ADD group than ADND group. Notably, amygdala-based FC with IFG and the left frontal UF FA mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in ADD, with mediating effects ranging between 15 and 18%. Our study is the first to demonstrate the mediating effect of functional and microstructural abnormalities in the amygdala-frontal circuit in ADD. The findings suggest that the amygdala-frontal circuit may underlie emotional dysregulation in ADD, providing potential targets for treatment strategies.
Cell autonomous functions of CD47 in regulating cellular plasticity and metabolic plasticity
Authors: Polara Ruhi , Ganesan Raja , Pitson Stuart M. , Robinson Nirmal
Published: July 2024

CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor, which is widely known for preventing macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by interacting with signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on the surface of macrophages. In addition to its role in phagocytosis, emerging studies have reported numerous noncanonical functions of CD47 that include regulation of various cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, differentiation, stress responses, and metabolism. Despite lacking an extensive cytoplasmic signaling domain, CD47 binds to several cytoplasmic proteins, particularly upon engaging with its secreted matricellular ligand, thrombospondin 1. Indeed, the regulatory functions of CD47 are greatly influenced by its interacting partners. These interactions are often cell- and context-specific, adding a further level of complexity. This review addresses the downstream cell-intrinsic signaling pathways regulated by CD47 in various cell types and environments. Some of the key pathways modulated by this receptor include the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and nitric oxide signaling pathways, as well as those implicated in glucose, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism. These pathways play vital roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis, highlighting the importance of understanding the phagocytosis-independent functions of CD47. Given that CD47 expression is dysregulated in a variety of cancers, improving our understanding of the cell-intrinsic signals regulated by this molecule will help advance the development of CD47-targeted therapies.
Proteogenomic insights into the biology and treatment of pan-melanoma
Authors: Xiang Hang , Luo Rongkui , Wang Yunzhi , Yang Bing , Xu Sha , Huang Wen , Tang Shaoshuai , Fang Rundong , Chen Lingli , Zhu Na , Yu Zixiang , Akesu Sujie , Wei Chuanyuan , Xu Chen , Zhou Yuhong , Gu Jianying , Zhao Jianyuan , Hou Yingyong , Ding Chen
Published: July 2024

Melanoma is one of the most prevalent skin cancers, with high metastatic rates and poor prognosis. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial for improving its diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of multi-omics data from 207 treatment-naïve melanomas (primary-cutaneous-melanomas (CM, n = 28), primary-acral-melanomas (AM, n = 81), primary-mucosal-melanomas (MM, n = 28), metastatic-melanomas (n = 27), and nevi (n = 43)) provides insights into melanoma biology. Multivariate analysis reveals that PRKDC amplification is a prognostic molecule for melanomas. Further proteogenomic analysis combined with functional experiments reveals that the cis-effect of PRKDC amplification may lead to tumor proliferation through the activation of DNA repair and folate metabolism pathways. Proteome-based stratification of primary melanomas defines three prognosis-related subtypes, namely, the ECM subtype, angiogenesis subtype (with a high metastasis rate), and cell proliferation subtype, which provides an essential framework for the utilization of specific targeted therapies for particular melanoma subtypes. The immune classification identifies three immune subtypes. Further analysis combined with an independent anti-PD-1 treatment cohort reveals that upregulation of the MAPK7-NFKB signaling pathway may facilitate T-cell recruitment and increase the sensitivity of patients to immunotherapy. In contrast, PRKDC may reduce the sensitivity of melanoma patients to immunotherapy by promoting DNA repair in melanoma cells. These results emphasize the clinical value of multi-omics data and have the potential to improve the understanding of melanoma treatment.
Pretreatments to bonding on enamel and dentin disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Voinot Jeanne , Bedez Maxime
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This systematic review focuses on structural anomalies of enamel and dentin such as fluorosis (F), molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). These pathologies affect up to 31% of the population, posing challenges in the adhesion of direct restorations. The primary objective of this analysis is to examine the survival rate and/or bonding resistance of direct restorations on tissues affected by enamel and dentin disorders in humans. We aim to provide precise clinical recommendations for dentists to choose the appropriate bonding pretreatment for various enamel and dentin disorders.

Methods

We systematically searched the medical literature to identify abstracts of interest indexed between 1993 and May 2024, from 4 databases (PubMed, PMC-PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library). The results are reported following the PRISMA statement. The GRADE approach was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results

The two authors included 27 studies out of the 600 identified. The data extracted from these studies are highly heterogeneous, and the mentioned bonding protocols are all different. 15 articles pertain to F, 7 to MIH, 5 to AI, and none focus on HSPM, dentin disorders and XLH. We identified 12 pretreatments of enamel or dentin (7 for F, 2 for MIH, and 3 for AI), including 3 strong recommendations. Additional studies are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of certain pretreatments. In developmental enamel defects, the main recommendation we collected is to bond on enamel with an etch-and-rinse technique on F and MIH. Considerations with lower strength of evidence include a deproteinization step on enamel on F, MIH and AI and modifications of the etching parameters on F and AI.

The research strategy was registered on the Prospero platform (CRD42023447502).
Multi-antigen intranasal vaccine protects against challenge with sarbecoviruses and prevents transmission in hamsters
Authors: Leekha Ankita , Saeedi Arash , Sefat K M Samiur Rahman , Kumar Monish , Martinez-Paniagua Melisa , Damian Adrian , Kulkarni Rohan , Reichel Kate , Rezvan Ali , Masoumi Shalaleh , Liu Xinli , Cooper Laurence J. N. , Sebastian Manu , Sands Courtney M. , Das Vallabh E. , Patel Nimesh B. , Hurst Brett , Varadarajan Navin
Published: July 2024

Immunization programs against SARS-CoV-2 with commercial intramuscular vaccines prevent disease but are less efficient in preventing infections. Mucosal vaccines can provide improved protection against transmission, ideally for different variants of concern (VOCs) and related sarbecoviruses. Here, we report a multi-antigen, intranasal vaccine, NanoSTING-SN (NanoSTING-Spike-Nucleocapsid), eliminates virus replication in both the lungs and the nostrils upon challenge with the pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC. We further demonstrate that NanoSTING-SN prevents transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC (BA.5) to vaccine-naïve hamsters. To evaluate protection against other sarbecoviruses, we immunized mice with NanoSTING-SN. We showed that immunization affords protection against SARS-CoV, leading to protection from weight loss and 100% survival in mice. In non-human primates, animals immunized with NanoSTING-SN show durable serum IgG responses (6 months) and nasal wash IgA responses cross-reactive to SARS-CoV-2 (XBB1.5), SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV antigens. These observations have two implications: (1) mucosal multi-antigen vaccines present a pathway to reducing transmission of respiratory viruses, and (2) eliciting immunity against multiple antigens can be advantageous in engineering pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
Orchestrating NK and T cells via tri-specific nano-antibodies for synergistic antitumor immunity
Authors: Ye Qian-Ni , Zhu Long , Liang Jie , Zhao Dong-Kun , Tian Tai-Yu , Fan Ya-Nan , Ye Si-Yi , Liu Hua , Huang Xiao-Yi , Cao Zhi-Ting , Shen Song , Wang Jun
Published: July 2024

The functions of natural killer (NK) and T cells in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as their functions in tumor eradication, are complementary and intertwined. Here we show that utilization of multi-specific antibodies or nano-antibodies capable of simultaneously targeting both NK and T cells could be a valuable approach in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we introduce a tri-specific Nano-Antibody (Tri-NAb), generated by immobilizing three types of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), using an optimized albumin/polyester composite nanoparticle conjugated with anti-Fc antibody. This Tri-NAb, targeting PDL1, 4-1BB, and NKG2A (or TIGIT) simultaneously, effectively binds to NK and CD8+ T cells, triggering their activation and proliferation, while facilitating their interaction with tumor cells, thereby inducing efficient tumor killing. Importantly, the antitumor efficacy of Tri-NAb is validated in multiple models, including patient-derived tumor organoids and humanized mice, highlighting the translational potential of NK and T cell co-targeting.
4D Single-particle tracking with asynchronous read-out single-photon avalanche diode array detector
Authors: Bucci Andrea , Tortarolo Giorgio , Held Marcus Oliver , Bega Luca , Perego Eleonora , Castagnetti Francesco , Bozzoni Irene , Slenders Eli , Vicidomini Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Single-particle tracking techniques enable investigation of the complex functions and interactions of individual particles in biological environments. Many such techniques exist, each demonstrating trade-offs between spatiotemporal resolution, spatial and temporal range, technical complexity, and information content. To mitigate these trade-offs, we enhanced a confocal laser scanning microscope with an asynchronous read-out single-photon avalanche diode array detector. This detector provides an image of the particle’s emission, precisely reflecting its position within the excitation volume. This localization is utilized in a real-time feedback system to drive the microscope scanning mechanism and ensure the particle remains centered inside the excitation volume. As each pixel is an independent single-photon detector, single-particle tracking is combined with fluorescence lifetime measurement. Our system achieves 40 nm lateral and 60 nm axial localization precision with 100 photons and sub-millisecond temporal sampling for real-time tracking. Offline tracking can refine this precision to the microsecond scale. We validated the system’s spatiotemporal resolution by tracking fluorescent beads with diffusion coefficients up to 10 μm2/s. Additionally, we investigated the movement of lysosomes in living SK-N-BE cells and measured the fluorescence lifetime of the marker expressed on a membrane protein. We expect that this implementation will open other correlative imaging and tracking studies.
Structural basis for the H2AK119ub1-specific DNMT3A-nucleosome interaction
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Guo Yiran , Zhao Ting , Lu Jiuwei , Fang Jian , Wang Yinsheng , Wang Gang Greg , Song Jikui
Published: July 2024

Isoform 1 of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A (DNMT3A1) specifically recognizes nucleosome monoubiquitylated at histone H2A lysine-119 (H2AK119ub1) for establishment of DNA methylation. Mis-regulation of this process may cause aberrant DNA methylation and pathogenesis. However, the molecular basis underlying DNMT3A1−nucleosome interaction remains elusive. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of DNMT3A1’s ubiquitin-dependent recruitment (UDR) fragment complexed with H2AK119ub1-modified nucleosome. DNMT3A1 UDR occupies an extensive nucleosome surface, involving the H2A-H2B acidic patch, a surface groove formed by H2A and H3, nucleosomal DNA, and H2AK119ub1. The DNMT3A1 UDR’s interaction with H2AK119ub1 affects the functionality of DNMT3A1 in cells in a context-dependent manner. Our structural and biochemical analysis also reveals competition between DNMT3A1 and JARID2, a cofactor of polycomb repression complex 2 (PRC2), for nucleosome binding, suggesting the interplay between different epigenetic pathways. Together, this study reports a molecular basis for H2AK119ub1-dependent DNMT3A1−nucleosome association, with important implications in DNMT3A1-mediated DNA methylation in development.
Subfunctionalisation and self-repression of duplicated E1 homologues finetunes soybean flowering and adaptation
Authors: Fang Chao , Sun Zhihui , Li Shichen , Su Tong , Wang Lingshuang , Dong Lidong , Li Haiyang , Li Lanxin , Kong Lingping , Yang Zhiquan , Lin Xiaoya , Zatybekov Alibek , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Lu Sijia
Published: July 2024

Soybean is a photoperiod-sensitive staple crop. Its photoperiodic flowering has major consequences for latitudinal adaptation and grain yield. Here, we identify and characterise a flowering locus named Time of flower 4b (Tof4b), which encodes E1-Like b (E1Lb), a homologue of the key soybean floral repressor E1. Tof4b protein physically associates with the promoters of two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes to repress their transcription and delay flowering to impart soybean adaptation to high latitudes. Three E1 homologues undergo subfunctionalisation and show differential subcellular localisation. Moreover, they all possess self-repression capability and each suppresses the two homologous counterparts. Subfunctionalisation and the transcriptional regulation of E1 genes collectively finetune flowering time and high-latitude adaptation in soybean. We propose a model for the functional fate of the three E1 genes after the soybean whole-genome duplication events, refine the molecular mechanisms underlying high-latitude adaption, and provide a potential molecular-breeding resource.