bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EARLY EMBRYONAL ANOMALIES OF HUMAN BRAIN
Authors: Savel'ev S. V.
Published: October 2015

The mechanisms of early embryonic pathology of the brain in man and animals were studied. Analysis of the biomechanical properties of development of nervous tissue and embryonal experiments demonstrated that tangential neuroepithelial intention is the major source of positional information. Experimental changes in the neuroepithelial intention system resulted in various types of embryonal anomalies of the nervous system. Mechanical-dependent ion channels that have marked periods of sensitivity and determine the histogenetic direction of neuroblast cell differentiation were found to underline the mechanosensitivity of the neuroepithelium. Experimental findings were compared with unique autopsy data on early development of the human brain. Human embryos were examined from neurulation to month 6 of development. Different types of human embryonal brain anomalies were shown to occur with 3 types of neurulation disordes: 1) an open preneuropore is responsible for anomalies of the forebrain and etmoidal area; 2) arrested neurulation in the postneuropore leads to anomalies of the diencephalons, midbrain, and occipital region; 3) impaired neurulatuion in the caudal region is a cause of spinal cord anomalies. The above anomalies resulted from local compensatory responses of the neuroepithelium due to the lack of intentions that are characteristic of normal development of the neural tube.
FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER RESEARCH
Authors: Chekhonin V. P. , Baklaushev V. P. , Yusubalieva G. M. , Volgina N. E. , Gurina O. I.
Published: October 2015

The results of fundamental and applied studies of blood-brain barrier had been conducted by authors during the last 10 years are summarized in the publication. The molecular anatomy of barrier microvessels, as well as promising markers of BBB and other proteins involved in barrier functions are discussed. Via in vitro experiments with endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels we characterized the basic conditions required for adequate BBB modeling. The in vivo data of BBB permeability for macromolecules in normal and different pathological processis including radiation injury, hyperosmotic shock, and nervous tissue ischemia are properly described. A particular attention was focused upon the experimental studies of the permeability and functional reorganization of barrier endothelium during tumor neoangiogenesis. We detected a dramatically increased permeability of neoplastic microvessels both for horseradish peroxidase/serum albumin and labeled monoclonal antibodies. The increased tumor permeability for IgG and the overexpression of target antigens in tumor tissue and peritumoral zone make possible the targeted delivery of diagnostics and therapeutic agents into the tumor by means of monoclonal antibodies.
THE APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING IN NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
Authors: Granov A. M. , Tyutin L. A. , Stanzhevskii A. A.
Published: October 2015

Analysis of use of nuclear medicine imaging (positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy of central nervous system diseases is presented in this review. The possibility of radionuclide imaging techniques in different variants of dementia, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors is demonstrated on the basis of personal authors experience and recent literature data. Results of PET application in evaluating of the effecacy of stereotactic interventions in patients with anxiety obsessive disorders are also described in the review.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN SURGERY OF NON-TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES
Authors: Krylov V. V.
Published: October 2015

The new possibilities in therapy of cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations and hypertensive intracranial hematomas recently have come into the neurosurgical sphere due to development of neurovisualization and neurophysiology methods and widely usage of microsurgical principles as well as neuroendoscopy, neuronavigation systems and methods of intraoperative control for operative radicality in surgery of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages. Besides this progress was not possible without extensive development of several aspects of anesthesiology and reanimatology focused on anesthetic management and intensive care of neurosurgical patients in particular. Timely diagnostics and optimal choice of treatment methods in patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages allow to achieve good functional outcomes with trend to mortality minimization.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HEAD INJURY SEQUELAE
Authors: Potapov A. A. , Kornienko V. N. , Kravchuk A. D. , Likhterman L. B. , Okhlopkov V. A. , Eolchiyan S. A. , Gavrilov A. G. , Zakharova N. E. , Yakovlev S. B. , Shurkhai V. A.
Published: October 2015

The paper presents main types of surgically relevant posttraumatic lesions in 4136 patients with skull vault as well as skull base defects, craniofacial deformities, recurrent CSF leaks, arterio-venous fistulas, aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms etc. Classification of TBI sequelae and complications as well as its clinical course grading is presented. The use of modern neuroimaging techniques for studying pathophysiologic mechanisms and complications of TBI has been demonstrated. Special emphasis was given to minimally invasive and reconstructive surgery; computer modeling with subsequent full-copy stereolitographic laser implant setup was shown which is of great importance in cases of large and complex skull base and craniofacial deformities. Patient selection for transcranial and endonasal CSF leak closure techniques was justified. Treatment of post-traumatic vascular injuries using Serbinenko balloon-catheters as well as modern techniques such as stents, coils and embolization has been demonstrated.
Chosen Aspects of Pilots Situational Awareness
Authors:   Polish Air Force Academy, Faculty of Aeronautics, Poland, Kozuba Jarosław , Piľa Ján
Published: October 2015

This paper tries to find the answers to the following questions: What does Situational Airworthiness (SA) truly mean from the viewpoint of the pilot ability to keep acceptable safety level on each phase of the aircraft mission execution? Which element of the aviation model has the highest influence on that pilot ability? Which sub-factors have the highest influence on the probability of achieving and maintaining an acceptable level of sub-areas of SA by the pilot during the preparation and execution of air missions? Moreover, the paper discusses sub-subjects as the definition of SA, relations between processes and the status of SA. The conclusions of the paper are partially based on the Authors’ research of the years 2012-2013.
Evaluation of Practical Application of Plant Simulation in the Form of Experiments
Authors:   Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia, Hovanec Michal , Sinay Juraj , Kamenický Lukáš , Skřehot Petr , František Hrozek
Published: October 2015

This contribution deals with the Simulation of manufacturing systems. Plant simulation is a modern instrument for optimizing factory production; however, the initial investment is high, especially for human resources, since the creation of a simulation model requires a lot of data from manufacturing, which needs to be analyzed and used as input into the simulation so that the simulation model is as close as possible to the real manufacturing system. Simulation enables changes to first be carried out in the simulation model and the defining of possible problems, through which in this case it is possible to avoid when introducing changes into an operation. The measure of effectiveness of using inputs is the productivity of a manufacturing system, and the aim of organization management is to monitor, analyze and improve a manufacturing system through optimizing for the purpose of increasing its efficiency, ensuring higher quality and a higher volume of production, shortening supply time in the scope of transportation, improving logistics and increasing the profitability of the given organization.
Roles of Logistics in Air Transportation
Authors:   Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Aeronautics, Slovakia, Petruf Martin , Korba Peter , Kolesár Ján
Published: October 2015

Article discusses about the implementation of logistics principles into the airport operations, the activities of air carriers and organization of airport processes. The airport is under review comprehensively, as an integrated logistics system, using elements of partnership collaboration (/Collaborate Decision Making /CDM) which is based on the common sharing of information by various elements of the system.
The Comparison of Multilateral, Bilateral and Global Alliance Cooperation of Airline Operations
Authors:   Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Aeronautics, Slovakia, Begera Vladimir
Published: October 2015

The article is describing the possibilities of cooperation among airline companies, its influence on their development and economic growth. The central focus of the text is to clarify the history of collaboration between airliners, comparing advantages and negative factors of strategic cooperation. It goes into details about trade cooperation air carriers resulting in new multilateral and bilateral agreements at various levels of competence. As concluded by the paper, airlines are required to adapt dynamically to the frequently changing nature of air passengers well as market demands.
Quality Evaluation in Regional Passenger Rail Transport
Authors:   Department of Transport and Logistics, Institute of Technology and Business  České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Gašparík Jozef , Stopka Ondrej , Pečený Lumír
Published: October 2015

The article presents themethodology proposalof comprehensive evaluation of the providedservices quality inregional passenger rail transport. The proposed methodology of the quality evaluation can be used for comparing the integrated transport systems by the quality level. It can be utilized as an evaluation of the provided services in the relationship with the submitter and the supplier as well. The methodologyproposal fully accept the transport policy of the EU, specifically the White Paper 2011 – The Roadmap to a Single European Transportation Area - Towards a competitive and resourceful efficient transport system, that are also included in the quality norms and transportation operational programme in Horizon 2020.
Online Questionnaire in Social Science Research: A Comparative Study of Online Questionnaire Services Providers
Authors: Ganesan P. , Kirana Kumar D.
Published: October 2015

Questionnaire plays a vital role in conducting research. Construction of questionnaire is an art and needs more knowledge on subject, grammar and English language. It is one of the data collection tools and it is widely used in survey method. Online questionnaire is the gift of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which helps to collect, analyse, evaluate and interpret data through online. This study compared and evaluated the different services and features offered by the online questionnaire tools.
A Survey on Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure in Engineering College Libraries in Sri Venkateswara University Area
Authors: Raghunadha Reddy T. , Pulla Reddy V.
Published: October 2015

The present study aims at analysing the use and availability of Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure facilities in engineering college libraries in S V University area. This study traces out the hardware specification, software specification, library automation, accessibility of digital library, Internet connectivity, library website, tele communication facilities, audio visual equipments, specialized Information ICT staff, ICT strategy and policy and barriers to usage of ICT has been analyzed and interpreted.
Evaluation of Library Collection of Palli Samgathana Vibhaga Library, Visva-Bharati: A Survey
Authors: Sinha Atanu Kumar
Published: October 2015

Library is a service organization which requires constant assessment of its services with a vast amount of information collected on expenditure, books added and journals subscribed, books and journals issued, etc. To build a balanced and usable collection is the most important aspect of any library service which requires evaluation to see whether the users are satisfied with the library collection or not. This article gives a brief profile of Palli Samgathana Vibhaga Library, Visva- Bharati and evaluates the various factors of library collection by administering questionnaires to its users. On the basis of the data obtained, suggests some measures to enhance efficient use of the library collection and give some proposals to overcome the impediments of collection development.
Thousand and One Nights and Ali Baba and Forty Thieves
Authors: Koohshahee Roohollah Roozbeh , Anushirvani Alireza
Published: October 2015

This article is going to study the adaptation of Thousand and One Nights in the movie Ali Baba and Forty Thieves directed by Arthur Lubin in 1944 through the lens of adaptation theory. The movie departs heavily from the text of Thousand and one Nights to the point that it is a whole different story and owes a great deal to the imagination of Universal Pictures. Since the movie represents the Orient it is a fertile ground for the study of the Orient in the movie. First we study the relationship of the text with the image and second we will study the images of the Orient. Of course the image the movie presents of the Orient is innocent and mild. The movie turns the text on its head in that the movie is the reverse of the text. The plot of the movie is the opposite of the text, whereas in the text it is the forty thieves who are the villains in the movie it is the other way round, the forty thieves befriend Ali Baba and grow him up and they form a resistance against the Mongols.
A Du Boisian Reading of The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison
Authors: Hosseiny Sediqeh , Shabanirad Ensieh
Published: October 2015

Due to the color of their skins, Blacks were always subject to different types of disrespect and insecurity in their society. Among different groups of people, writers and critics knew it as their responsibility to act as Black people’s voice and talk on behalf of them, as these people were labeled as ‘The Other’ by the Whites. Du Bios created a kind of new trend of dealing with African-American culture by innovating the concept known as “double consciousness”, and arguing that these black people were trapped between dual personalities. As an American writer, Toni Morrison carried this specific burden upon her shoulders to reveal all those oppressions Blacks had to bear in their life, like what she depicted in the novel The Bluest Eyewith portrayal of the main black character Pecolla who is being blamed for the color of her skin. This article intends to elaborate some inherent postcolonial traces in Toni Morrison’s outstanding novel The Bluest Eye and examine how European power and white people were dominating the whole system of the society and what kind of regretful complications Blacks had to endure, and at the same time working on how Du Bois’s concept of double consciousness can be analyzed in black characters.
Collective Unconscious and Characterization of Berenger as the Victim of Collective Unconscious
Authors: Moqari Shaqayeq , Elahipanah Nooshin
Published: October 2015

The present article is a study of character of Berenger in Ionesco’s play the Rhinoceros. In fact he is a victim of collective unconscious. The collective unconscious is very significant in the psychology of Jung. It is generated and fashioned by us all. This indicates that it is in each of us like a massive container of the archetypes of the entire humanity. It is reachable by everyone. Berenger is different in the play from others. He does not act according to collective unconscious that many people share. When other characters act according to the norms of collective unconscious, Beregner does not, this makes him different from others and he stands and resists temptation. Others change to their animalistic form while he remains human. In fact, he is a victim of the collective unconscious which makes him suffer loneliness among crowd of people.
Gauri as Woman Protagonist in Mulk Raj Anand’s Novel
Authors: Yadav Shashi
Published: October 2015

Through this novel “Gauri” Mulk Raj Anand expresses his indisputable concern for the suffering humanity of India. It forces one to ask a few questions about the Indian character of woman. We call the woman as ‘Mother’, ‘Goddess’ and claim that our society always been given due respect to women. At the same time, we also beat them ablaze or turn them out of the house. Mulk Raj Anand’s novel Gauri eloquently exposes the hypocrisy of our society. It not only voices a strong protest against ill treatment of women but also explores through the example of Gauri what woman in India should do for her emancipation.
Psyche in Eco-Apocalypse: A Reading of Ballard’s The Drowned World
Authors: Soofastaei Elaheh , Mirenayat Sayyed Ali
Published: October 2015

Embodiment of apocalyptic imagination has been a major theme in which many writers have pointed it out especially from the midst of twentieth century onwards. Earth today is vulnerable and would be so dangerous for future generation from now on. Although, J. G. Ballard's narrations do not create an ordinary apocalyptic apprehension of human abolition, but he enters the core of the apocalyptic theme by intertwining our world with an altering people's psyche who try to develop a new relationship with nature. This paper examines Ballard's The Drowned World (1962) from the view of the human psyche in an apocalyptic setting. It follows and analyzes the characters of Dr. Robert Kerans (a biologist) and his team in which they are transformed in the story – both mentally and physically
Edward Said’s Orientalism and the Representation of Oriental Women in George Orwell’s Burmese Days
Authors: Shabanirad Ensieh , Marandi Seyyed Mohammad
Published: October 2015

Edward Said’s groundbreaking text, Orientalism is a contrapuntal reading of imperial discourse about the non-Western Other. It indcates that the Western intellectual is in the service of the hegemonic culture. In this influential text, Said shows how imperial and colonial hegemony is implicated in discursive and textual production. Orientalism is a critique of Western texts that have represented the East as an exotic and inferior other and construct the Orient by a set of recurring stereotypical images and clichés. Said’s analysis of Orientalism shows the negative stereotypes or images of native women as well. As a result, Orientalism has engendered feminist scholarship and debate in Middle East studies. For Said, many Western scholars, orientalists, colonial authorities and writers systematically created the orientalist discourse and the misrepresentation of the Orient. George Orwell as a Western writer experienced imperialism at first hand while serving as an Assistant Superintendent of Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927. One of Orwell’s major concerns during his life was the issue of imperialism and colonialism which is reflected in his first published novel, BurmeseDays. Orwell’s own political purpose in this novel was to convince the reader that imperialism was morally wrong. Although he saw imperialism as one of the major injustices of his time and had declared himself against Empire, in Burmese Days, Orwell, consciously and unconsciously, repudiated his views and followed the Orientalist discourse. In this study, the authors demonstrate how Orwell maintains a white male Eurocentric imperialist viewpoint. The authors attempt to examine how the ‘female subalterns’ are represented in Burmese Days. While Oriental women are represented as the oppressed ones, they are also regarded as being submissive, voiceless, seductive and promiscuous.
The Manhaj of Fiqh-ul-Hadith by Shaykh Hurr Ameli on the Basis of Wasael Ush-Shia
Authors: Tirkalai Hosein Rahmani
Published: October 2015

Undoubtedly, the most important part of a book replete with hadiths is related to the texts of hadiths. Today, such studies about hadith are called Fiqh-al-Hadith which these studies are represented only for searching the exact meaning and concept in the texts for this, Scholars attempt to study terms of Hadith and narrative, and also they strived to compare these narratives with Quran, history, logical particles, and etc by which the final concept of narratives would be found. This fact is also true for the definitions represented in narrative books. It has to be noticed that as shown in dignitaries sayings and topics, Shaykh Hurr Ameli was interested in declarative inclinations and he knew all the narratives in the four books and also all the resources in Wasael ush-Shia authentic and accurate. This outlook was influential on the way he behaves with narratives. In 27th volume of Wasael ush-Shia about “Inadmissibility of theoretical precepts of the phenomena of the Quran” and after mentioning a narration by Amir al-Momenin alayhis salam, believes that ayatul ahkam is from the cases which only fourteen infallible could get recognition of it. The present paper is such a philosophical theological Inquiry by which an observation about the Manhaj of Ahl Ul Hadith by Shaykh Hurr Ameli on the basis of Wasael ush-Shia has been provided.
Iranian EFL Regular University Students’ Motivational Beliefs by 2nd, 3rd and 4th Grade
Authors: Abdulhay Husain
Published: October 2015

Poking about the motivational beliefs of EFL learners across different graders is felt en route to monitoring their outlooks for waging into any actual learning. To do so, the study sought to ascertain the effect of grade levels on the motivational beliefs of Iranian EFL university students. A total of 202 Iranian EFL learners were examined for their self-efficacy and control of learning beliefs by dint of motivation subscales of Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Cross-sectional study was done for data collection and for means differences. Sophomores reported lower means for their motivational beliefs than other two graders. Third graders reported higher means than sophomores and seniors in all two variables. Fourth graders reported lower self-efficacy than other two graders. Furthermore, fourth graders reported a higher means for control of learning beliefs than sophomores. The findings corroborate former studies evidencing a tail-off in self-efficacy in higher graders.
Rosuvastatin 1.2 mg In Situ Gel Combined With 1:1 Mixture of Autologous Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and Porous Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft in Surgical Treatment of Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects: A Randomized Clinical Control Trial
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Karvekar Shruti , Nagpal Kanika , Patnaik Kaushik , Raju Arjun , Singh Priyanka
Published: October 2015

Background: A wide range of regenerative materials have been tried and tested in the treatment of furcation defects. Rosuvastatin (RSV) is a new synthetic, second‐generation, sulfur‐containing, hydrophilic statin with potent anti‐inflammatory and osseodifferentiation mechanisms of action. Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) is a platelet concentrate having sustained release of various growth factors with regenerative potential to treat periodontal defects. Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) bone grafting material has a clinically satisfactory response when used to fill periodontal intrabony defects. This double‐masked randomized study is designed to evaluate the potency of a combination of 1.2 mg RSV in situ gel with a 1:1 mixture of autologous PRF and HA bone graft in the surgical treatment of mandibular Class II furcation defects compared with autologous PRF and HA bone graft placed after open‐flap debridement (OFD).

Methods: One hundred five mandibular furcation defects were treated with OFD + placebo gel (group 1), PRF + HA with OFD (group 2), or 1.2 mg RSV gel + PRF + HA with OFD (group 3). Clinical and radiologic parameters (i.e., probing depth [PD], relative vertical and relative horizontal clinical attachment level [rvCAL and rhCAL], intrabony defect depth, and percentage of defect fill) were recorded at baseline and 9 months postoperatively.

Results: Mean PD reduction was greater in group 2 (3.68 ± 1.07 mm) and group 3 (4.62 ± 1.03 mm) than group 1 (2.11 ± 1.25 mm), and mean rvCAL and rhCAL gain were greater in group 2 (3.31 ± 0.52 and 2.97 ± 0.56 mm, respectively) and group 3 (4.17 ± 0.70 and 4.05 ± 0.76 mm) compared with group 1 (1.82 ± 0.78 and 1.62 ± 0.64 mm). A significantly greater percentage of mean bone fill was found in group 2 (54.69% ± 1.93%) and group 3 (61.94% ± 3.54%) compared with group 1 (10.09% ± 4.28%).

Conclusions: Treatment of furcation defects with 1.2 mg RSV in situ gel combined with autologous PRF and porous HA bone graft results in significant improvements of clinical and radiographic parameters compared with OFD alone. These results imply that the combination of RSV, PRF, and HA has synergistic effects, explaining their role as a regenerative material in the treatment of furcation defects.
Influence of zeolitized perlite on blended cement properties
Authors: Vaiciukynienė Danutė , Kantautas Aras , Krusinskas Gytis , Kielė Andrius , Rudzionis Zymantas
Published: October 2015

Perlite is the mineral of volcanic origin. Expanded perlite has good heat
insulation and sound absorption properties. It is light, resistant to fire,
moisture and micro-organisms, harmless to health. However, due to the
presence of hyaline phase, its use in Portland cement mixture is problematic.
In this paper, the zeolitization of expanded perlite was carried out to
improve its hydraulic properties. The conversion of expanded perlite into
zeolite material was carried out when Na2O : Al2O3 : SiO2 : H2O molar ratio
was equal to 2: 1: 2: 10 and the suspension of starting materials was treated
for 3 hours at 100?C temperature. Mechanical and physical properties of
hardened cement paste containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of pure perlite
admixtures, zeolitized perlite, and perlite altered to calcium (Ca2+) zeolite
were researched. The results showed that zeolitization of expanded perlite
activates its hydraulic properties; after 28 days of hydration under normal
conditions, the compressive strength of the specimens modified with 5% of
zeolitized perlite admixture was 49-50 MPa, whereas the compressive strength
of the specimens containing 5% of pure perlite admixture was only 33 MPa.
Comparison of barium titanate thin films prepared by inkjet printing and spin coating
Authors: Vukmirovic Jelena , Tripkovic Djordjije , Bajac Branimir , Kojic Sanja , Stojanovic Goran , Srdic Vladimir
Published: October 2015

In this paper, barium titanate films were prepared by different deposition
techniques (spin coating, office Epson inkjet printer and commercial Dimatix
inkjet printer). As inkjet technique requires special rheological properties
of inks the first part of the study deals with the preparation of inks,
whereas the second part examines and compares structural characteristics of
the deposited films. Inks were synthesized by sol-gel method and parameters
such as viscosity, particle size and surface tension were measured. Deposited
films were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, XRD analysis
and Raman spectroscopy. The findings consider advantages and disadvantages of
the particular deposition techniques.
Nanomaterials - what energy landscapes can tell us
Authors: Schön Johann
Published: October 2015

Nanomaterials bridge the gaps between crystalline materials, thin films, and
molecules, and are of great importance in the design of new classes of
materials, since the existence of many modifications of a nano-object for the
same overall composition allows us to tune the properties of the
nanomaterial. However, the structural analysis of nano-size systems is often
difficult and their structural stability is frequently relatively low. Thus,
a study of their energy landscape is needed to determine or predict possible
structures, and analyse their stability, via the determination of the minima
on the landscape and the generalized barriers separating them. In this
contribution, we introduce the major concepts of energy landscapes for
chemical systems, and present summaries of four applications to
nano-materials: a MgO monolayer on a sapphire substrate, possible quasitwo-
dimensional carbon-silicon networks, the ab initio energy landscape of
Cu4Ag4-clusters, and the possible arrangements of ethane molecules on an
ideally smooth substrate.
Structural and spectroscopic analyses of copper doped P2O5-ZnO-K2O-Bi2O3 glasses
Authors: Elbashar Yahia
Published: October 2015

Homogeneous glass samples with different compositions 42(P2O5)?40
(ZnO)?(16?x)(K2O)?2 (Bi2O3)?x(Cu2O) (where x = 1, 2 and 3mol%) were prepared
by conventional melt-quenched technique under controlled conditions. The
structure of the prepared glass samples was investigated by X-ray
diffraction. Optical properties (transmittance and reflectance) of the
glasses were measured in the wavelength range 200-900 nm. The optical band
gap energy of the investigated glasses with 1, 2 and 3mol% Cu2O was estimated
from absorption data using the Mott and Davis relation and found to be 2.33,
2.45 and 2.53 eV, respectively. The mechanism of optical absorption was found
to be direct. The band tail width was also estimated and found to lay in the
acceptable range. Refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction
coefficient and real/imaginary parts of dielectric constants were calculated.
Further to this, some theoretical investigation of the spectral problems was
carried out. The investigation was based on finite difference method.
Translucent zirconia polycrystals prepared from nanometric powders
Authors: Lach Radosław , Bucko Mirosław , Haberko Krzysztof , Rączka Marian , Wojciechowski Kamil
Published: October 2015

The aim of the present study was investigation of synthesis and sinterability
of nanometric zirconia solid solution powders containing 8mol% and 3mol% of
Y2O3. The powders were prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of the
co-precipitated gels, which resulted in very fine powders with particle sizes
<10 nm. The main problem in application of such fine powders is their
tendency to form hard agglomerates. To overcome this obstacle, the aqueous
suspensions of the powders were subjected to the freeze drying. It resulted
in the powders composed of very weak agglomerates which were broken under
pressure as low as ~1MPa. The powder compacts were sintered in oxygen
atmosphere to the state of closed porosity and then HIP-ed at 1300?C to fully
dense ceramics. The spectrophotometric investigations in the wave length
range of 190-1100 nm indicated higher translucency of the 8mol% Y2O3-ZrO2
than the 3mol% Y2O3-ZrO2 ceramics. Most probably it should be related to the
birefringence phenomenon which occurs in the latter case due to the
tetragonal symmetry of this material. In the polycrystal containing 8mol% of
Y2O3 this phenomenon does not occur due to its cubic symmetry. The other two
factors which lead to the decreased optical transparency of the material
containing 3mol% Y2O3 are its smaller grain sizes and the presence of some
amount of the monoclinic phase.
Economic Burden of HIV/AIDS upon Households in Nepal: A Critical Review
Authors: Poudel Ak Narayan , Newlands David , Simkhada Padam
Published: October 2015

Thousands of people are infected with HIV/AIDS in Nepal and most of them are adults of working age. Therefore, HIV/AIDS is a big burden in Nepal. This review was conducted to find the existing knowledge gap about the economic burden of HIV/AIDS at the household level in Nepal, the extent of economic burden exerted by the disease, and to provide policy recommendations. It is concluded that there was a considerable knowledge gap about the issue, and the economic burden exerted by HIV/AIDS was big enough to push the affected households into poverty. It is suggested that more studies need to be conducted to fill the knowledge gap. Similarly, Government of Nepal and other organisations working in the field of HIV/AIDS need to provide economic supports (e.g.- support for travel costs) to the HIV positive people and need to increase the awareness level among general population for reducing stigma and discrimination, and reducing economic burden on them.
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS DUE TO DIRAC PARTICLES IN FRW SPACETIME
Authors: Dhungel P R , Sharma S K , Khanal U
Published: October 2015

Some solutions of the Maxwell equations with Dirac particles for the source in FRW spacetime are discussed. The Green’s function of the equation for the radial component of the Maxwell fields, Fr? and F?? is solved. Green’s function is found to reduce to that of Minkowskian spacetime in the appropriate limit. Also, the Lienard-Wiechert type solution is derived. Also, the solutions with the Dirac particle current is also presented. It is found that the Fr? is composed of even angular momentum states while the odd states constitute F??.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 1-4
SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HYPERVARIABLE REGIONS I AND II IN MALAY POPULATION OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Tuladhar Bhinu Shova , Rashid Nur Haslindawaty Abd , Panneerchelvam Sundarajula , Nor Norazmi Mohd
Published: October 2015

The analysis of the control region of human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) especially hypervariable regions I (HVI) and II (HVII) segments have been proven to be useful for human identification. For forensic application of mtDNA profiling in Malaysia, a comprehensive database on both HVI and HVII regions are essential. In order to identify polymorphic positions and to determine their frequency in the Malay population, mtDNA HVI and HVII regions of 103 maternally unrelated individuals were amplified ,sequenced and compared with Cambridge reference sequence (CRS). Sequence comparison led to the identification of a total of 446 and 604 location polymorphisms in mtDNA HVI and HVII regions respectively. This polymorphisms defined by 88 haplotypes (81 unique) in the HVI and 78 haplotypes (64 unique) in the HVII regions. In combined HVI and HVII defined 101 haplotypes (99 unique) was defined. In the HVII region All the individuals in HVII showed nucleotide transition event from A G at nucleotide position 073 and 263 and an insertion of cytosine (315.1C) at nucleotide position 315. The genetic diversity and probability of random match in combined HVI and HVII of 103 Malay individuals was found to be 0.9996 and 0.0101 respectively.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 24-29
CONDUCTANCE OF SODIUM DODECYLSULFATE IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF Na2SO4 AND ZnSO4 IN AQUEOUS MEDIA AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Authors: Bhattarai Ajaya , Shah S K , Limbu Kuber
Published: October 2015

Conductance measurement of sodium dodecylsulfate in the presence and in the absence of Na2SO4 and ZnSO4 in aqueous media was done. The results showed sharp increase in conductance with increase in concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate. Also, the conductance increases with addition of salts. The conductance of sodium dodecylsulfate is found more in the presence of Na2SO4 than ZnSO4 in aqueous media. In the presence of salts, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) value decreases which are explained on the basis of the nature and ion size of the added ion. The graph of conductance versus concentration is used in determining the critical micelle concentration (cmc).Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 41-43
A SOLID Fe2O3-GRAPHITE COMPOSITE ELECTRODE FOR pH MEASUREMENT
Authors: Srivastava Suchi , Pradhananga Raja Ram
Published: October 2015

A solid Fe2O3-graphite composite electrode was prepared and investigated for use as a potentiometric pH sensor. The electrode was constructed by mixing iron (III) oxide, oxidized graphite and wax that was put over silver disc onto a polypropylene rod. The response of the electrode was investigated by measuring electrode potential as a function of pH.The effect of composition of the electrode material (Fe2O3 and oxidized graphite ration) on the electrode response was investigated. The electrode with 40% Fe2O3, 30% graphite and 30% wax by mass was found to give the best potentiometric response. This electrode behaves in Nernstian manner with a potentiometric gradient of 56.6±0.4 mV per unit change in pH at 25?C within the working range of pH 2-9.The electrode was also used for the end-point detection in potentiometric acid-base titrations and found to be an excellent electrode for pH-metric titration. The effect of oxidation of electrode on pH response was investigated by dipping electrode in 0.1N KMnO4, 1:1HNO3 and 0.1N Ce4+ solutions for different interval of time. This treatment of the electrode with oxidizing agents increased the standard electrode potential of the electrode however potential gradient per unit change in pH remains unaltered. Low cost, quick response and easy to prepare are the advantages of the iron oxide - graphite composite electrode as a pH sensor. However some metal ions and oxidising agents interfered in the determination of pH using this electrode which is the limitation of using these electrodes.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 44-47
ULTRASONIC STUDIES OF POLYVINYLCHLORIDE IN CYCLOHEXANONE AND 1,4-DIOXANE
Authors: Thapa B , Shrestha P , Bhattarai P
Published: October 2015

Ultrasonic velocity and density were measured for the binary systems: polyvinylchloride—cyclohexanone and polyvinylchloride–1,4-dioxane. And hence, the acoustic impedance (Z) and reciprocal of adiabatic compressibility (?-1) were computed. The variations of ultrasonic velocity, density and acoustic impedance with concentration of polyvinylchloride were studied; confirming the absence of solute–solvent interaction.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 62-64
ACCEPTANCE TESTING, COMMISSIONING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR A NUCLETRON 192IR HDR BRACHYTHERAPY AFTERLOADER AT NAMS, BIR HOSPITAL
Authors: Adhikari Kanchan P , Shah Aarati , Achraya Bibek , Karn Ambuj , Chapagain Sandhya
Published: October 2015

To evaluate the accuracy of radiation dose delivered to the cancer patients by using HDR Brachytherapy and to know proposed methods for the initial source installation tests, acceptance testing and a quality assurance program are done on Nucletron MicroSelectron 192Ir HDR Brachytherapy Afterloader at NAMS, Bir Hospital. The observation of sweet spots (maximum dose distribution) by using well chamber (SI HDR 1000) and electrometer (SI CDX 2000). On the basis of the observed sweet spot, Air Kerma Strength of the source is determined. Beside this includes the conformation of step size, radioactivity of the nuclides and safety measures of the machine. A careful radiation survey has been undertaken around the brachytherapy by using well calibrated TBM-IC Mark V is a small ion chamber radiation monitor. Acceptance testing and commissioning of the HDR brachytherapy unit has been completed. Air Kerma strength in newly installed source exhibit small variation but within the limit. The step size has standard deviation 0.05 with the planned step size. The measurement of radiation level around brachytherapy shows the level is within the criteria. Nucletron MicroSelectron 192Ir HDR brachytherapy system has been implemented in our unit. The acceptance test shows that status of brachytherapy and its components are functioning well. Radiation dose which will be delivered to the cancer patients are within planned dose.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 85-88
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF)Near High Voltage Transmission Line: a Case Study
Authors: Quamruzzaman M , Haque Munima , Ahmed Farruk , Zaman Md Shabab
Published: October 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.7 No.1 2014 66-68
Core activities and career pathways of independent trainers-consultants in France
Authors: Ardouin Thierry , Bonnafous Laurence , Gravé Patrick
Published: October 2015

This paper presents some of the key findings from a 2013 survey achieved with a representative sample of 101 independent trainers-consultants, members of a French trade union. These results highlight more particularly their socio-demographic characteristics, their core activities and four main career pathways identified. This survey was part of a two years action research, conducted in a partnership between this professional trade union and university laboratories in the field of adult education. The aim was to improve the understanding of this specific professional group, of its ongoing professionalization process and its visibility as one of the actors of the continuing education and vocational training (CVET) system in France.
Antibacterial Activity, Antioxidant Effect and Chemical Composition of Propolis from the Región del Maule, Central Chile
Authors: Nina Nélida , Quispe Cristina , Jiménez-Aspee Felipe , Theoduloz Cristina , Feresín Gabriela , Lima Beatriz , Leiva Elba , Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo
Published: October 2015

Propolis is commercialized in Chile as an antimicrobial agent. It is obtained mainly from central and southern Chile, but is used for the same purposes regardless of its origin. To compare the antimicrobial effect, the total phenolic (TP), the total flavonoid (TF) content and the phenolic composition, 19 samples were collected in the main production centers in the Región del Maule, Chile. Samples were extracted with MeOH and assessed for antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria. TP and TF content, antioxidant activity by the DPPH, FRAP and TEAC methods were also determined. Sample composition was assessed by HPLD-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Differential compounds in the samples were isolated and characterized. The antimicrobial effect of the samples showed MICs ranging from 31.5 to > 1000 µg/mL. Propolis from the central valley was more effective as antibacterial than those from the coastal area or Andean slopes. The samples considered of interest (MIC ≤ 62.5 µg/mL) showed effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enteritidis. Two new diarylheptanoids, a diterpene, the flavonoids pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated and elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. Some 29 compounds were dereplicated by HPLC-MS and tentatively identified, including nine flavones/flavonol derivatives, one flavanone, eight dihydroflavonols and nine phenyl-propanoids. Propolis from the Región del Maule showed large variation in antimicrobial effect, antioxidant activity and composition. So far the presence of diarylheptanoids in samples from the coastal area of central Chile can be considered as a marker of a new type of propolis.
Notes sur l'art de la tapisserie à Douai aux XIVe et XVe siècles
Authors: Mestayer Monique
Published: October 2015

Men nam totnogtoe aan dat er in Dowaai, dat tussen Atrecht en Doornik ligt, geen ateliers van tapijtwerk met verticale schering waren. Onderzoek van de stedelijke archieven laten toe sporen van het bestaan en soms van de activiteit van 5 tapijtwerkers met verticale schering en 1 1 legwerkers te volgen. Het weinige dat men over hun leven en activiteit te weten komt toont dat zij zowel met Atrecht als Doornik banden hadden, al is een van hen dan uit Parijs afkomstig. Deze aantekeningen vullen de geschiedenis van de tapijtweefkunst van onze streek aan.
Le début de la vaccination jennerienne dans le département du Nord : accueil de la population
Authors: Gérard Alain
Published: October 2015

J.-B. Carpentier, a Lille estate agent, trusted with the management of land owned by the nobility in Flanders, Hainault, Brabant and Picardy, provides a good example of the relations between surveyors and their employers. According to the principle that : « no estate without a thorough survey is ever known in full detail », he resorts to the help of many land- surveyors, having them work on many of his current affairs.

In Sainghin-en-Mélantois, a stratagem enables Carpentier to get hold of the survey drawn by his competitor, which he has rapidly copied by one of his own surveyors. Another document, dated 1572, will help him to have the plan of the Abbey estate drawn anew.

The Slype « Commanderie » will bring Carpentier many a joy, thanks to surveyor Ramault. This later will represent him at the estimation of land claimed by the public authority for the opening of a new road. The estate agent hopes he will be able to do without a survey for the smaller La Braque « Commanderie », near Turnhout, but he will finally have to have one drawn, though a a cheaper cost.

Thus Carpentier uses the surveyors for the copy of ancient plans, the drawing of new ones, field inquiries, land estimations. He also uses them he takes part in the « lords'reac- tion » of his time, a component of the French Revolution.
Un ouvrage lyonnais de la Renaissance : Discours de la religion des anciens Romains par G. du Choul, Lyon, 1556
Authors: Bourriot Félix
Published: October 2015

Lyon is in de xvie eeuw een welvarende stad en kent een culturele bloei. Er zijn een reeks beroemde dichters, maar men mag ook minder bekende geleerden niet vergeten als Guillaume du Choul, koninklijk raadsheer en baljuw van het bergland van Dauphiné. Hij heeft veel belangstelling voor de Oudheid, kent de antieke auteurs, correspondeert met de verzamelaars van oudheden die hij trouwens tijdens een Italiëreis ontmoette. Zo komt het dat hij een mooie reeks Romeinse en zelfs Griekse documenten bezat en veel munten. In 1556 publiceert hij in Lyon een boek over de Romeinse godsdienst, waarvoor hij uit zijn eigen verzameling putte — voor tekst en illustratie — en zo ook de voorkeur gaf aan archeologische bronnen. Zijn eruditie is voor wat het Grieks betreft nogal zwak. Zijn werk was een welkome en goed geïllustreerde informatiebron, en is het typische werk van de humanist-archeoloog die verschijnt tijdens de renaissance.
Regard sur Joséphine de Gaulle
Authors: Reboul Pierre
Published: October 2015

Dans l'œuvre immense (17 colonnes du catalogue de la B.N.) de Joséphine de Gaulle (1806-1886), on a pratiqué ici quatre sondages : Adolphe (1838), Adhémar de Belcastel (1840), Honorine (1842) et L 'Ouvroir (1848). On essaie de donner une idée de ces œuvres provinciales, plus précisément lilloises ; d'apprécier les idées, conservatrices ou éclairées, qu'elles véhiculent ; d'en signaler quelques mérites. On suggère qu'il serait bon de se pencher sur les publications des frères Lefort (plus de six cents titres), imprimeurs-libraires installés rue Esquermoise, à Lille.
L'alphabétisation du peuple à la fin du Moyen Age
Authors: Derville Alain
Published: October 2015

On croit, que c'est de Calvin à Jules Ferry que les Français ont appris à lire et à écrire. Or au XVe siècle les paysans de l'Artois et de la Flandre Wallonne étaient assez largement alphabétisés, ce qui suppose peut-être une école par village, comme en 1569. Dans les villes, il y avait beaucoup d'écoles élémentaires, dès 1200. Au XVe siècle, les grandes villes (10 à 15 000 habitants) possédaient de 20 à 25 écoles, de quoi sans doute alphabétiser tous les garçons et 25% des filles. Les quittances de cette époque montrent que savaient signer, et écrire, pratiquement tous les marchands et tous les artisans, et même un bon nombre des travailleurs manuels.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau et l'utopie
Authors: Gillet Claude
Published: October 2015

One knows the importance, all along the xvinth century, of the Utopian discourse, an essential paramètre of the « Enlightenment ». One also knows how points of contact were often made out between the invariants of the Utopian discourse and items of the Rous- seauist thematic. But the views expressed by Rousseauist thinking on the domain of Utopia — some of which as early as the publication of the major works — have generally been part of a polemical scheme. The aim of this article is thus to examine how someone like Rousseau has managed to use, appropriate, or divert devices or images of the Utopian discourse and why he integrated certain data to opposite textual patterns, thus leaning more on the power of imagination than promoting imagination as a power.