bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Mineralization Modes on Strengthening Calcareous Sand under Simulated Seawater Conditions
Authors: Liu Shiyu , Dong Bowen , Yu Jin , Cai Yanyan , Peng Xingqian , Zhou Xianqi
Published: July 2021

Calcareous sand, as a blow-fill or construction material, is widely used in island and reef construction projects in marine environments after treatment. When microorganism-induced mineralization is used to strengthen calcareous sand, salinity and other conditions in the marine environment will adversely affect microorganisms or their mineralization process. For this reason, the two environmental conditions created by deionized water and simulated seawater were introduced to explore their effects on the growth and urease activity of Sporosarcina pasteurii. Then, the changes in the permeability and mechanical strength of calcareous sand under different mineralization methods were compared by one-dimensional sand column tests. Finally, the reinforcement mechanism was compared and analyzed based on the results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction tests. The results show that Sporosarcina pasteurii can induce carbonate and phosphate precipitation and mineralization to strengthen calcareous sand in simulated seawater. The mineralized products greatly reduce the permeability of calcareous sand and significantly improve the mechanical strength by wrapping calcareous sand particles, filling water seepage channels and cementing adjacent particles. The reinforcement effect of carbonate mineralization is better than that of phosphate mineralization, but phosphate mineralization has less impact on the environment during the treatment process.
A Win–Win Scenario for Agricultural Green Development and Farmers’ Agricultural Income: An Empirical Analysis Based on the EKC Hypothesis
Authors: Chi Yuanying , Xu Yangmei , Wang Xu , Jin Feng , Li Jialin
Published: July 2021

Due to severe resource and environmental constraints, agricultural green development is a vital step for the low-carbon development of China. How to achieve the goal of a win–win scenario that simultaneously improves agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP) and farmers’ agricultural income was the main focus of this study. Based on the panel dataset for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, this study calculated the agricultural GTFP using the global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index to measure the green development of agriculture. Furthermore, this study investigated the relationship between the agricultural GTFP and agricultural income in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, together with the key factors affecting agricultural GTFP. The main results show that, first, driven by technical progress, the agricultural GTFP gradually increased across the country, while there existed a certain degree of heterogeneity in the growth of different regions. Second, the relationships between the agricultural GTFP and agricultural income exhibited a significant U-shape for the whole country and the four regions, indicating that a win–win scenario can be achieved between green development and income level. Third, industrialization and urbanization negatively affected agricultural GTFP, capital deepening played a positive role, and due to the mediated effect of capital deepening, the outflow of the agricultural labor force did not cause substantial harm to agricultural GTFP. The findings of our study provide useful policy implications for the promotion and development of agriculture in China.
Beyond Good Intentions: The Role of the Building Passport for the Sustainable Conservation of Built Heritage to Behavioural Change
Authors: dos Santos Gonçalves Joana , Mateus Ricardo , Silvestre José Dinis , Roders Ana R. Pereira
Published: July 2021

Despite the recognised importance of built heritage for sustainable development, and the multiple tools, recommendations, guidelines, and policies developed in recent years to support decision-making, good sustainable conservation practices often fail to be implemented. Challenges faced by practitioners often relate to external factors, and there is a gap in the understanding of the role of the nature of the designer and the behavioural dimension of the challenges in implementation. This research applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to verify how a building passport for sustainable conservation (BPSC) impacts design students’ intentions and actual design decisions towards built heritage conservation. This research aims to ascertain the role of the BPSC to affect attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions and ultimately change conservation behaviours. The results show that this tool has a positive contribution to reinforce existing attitudinal beliefs. Still, no significant changes were found in the overall conservation behaviours, suggesting that beliefs hindering implementation may more often be related to aesthetic reasons, creativity and innovation, and program requirements, than with beliefs regarding the sustainable performance of the building. This study demonstrates that using the TPB to analyse design processes in the context of built heritage is an innovative methodological approach that contributes to a deeper understanding of the psychological factors affecting sustainability and built heritage conservation decisions.
National Vaccination and Local Intervention Impacts on COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Toharudin Toni , Pontoh Resa Septiani , Caraka Rezzy Eko , Zahroh Solichatus , Kendogo Panji , Sijabat Novika , Sari Mentari Dara Puspita , Gio Prana Ugiana , Basyuni Mohammad , Pardamean Bens
Published: July 2021

COVID-19, as a global pandemic, has spread across Indonesia. Jakarta, as the capital of Indonesia, is the province with the most positive cases. The government has issued various guidelines, both at the central and regional levels. Since it began in 2021, the planned new measures, called ‘Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat Darurat’, or PPKM emergency public activity restrictions, began with the possibility that the number of active cases might decrease. Accordingly, global vaccinations were also carried out, as they were in Indonesia. However, the first phase prioritized frontline health workers and high-risk elderly people. This study conducted a causal impact analysis to determine the effectiveness of PPKM in Jakarta and its vaccination program against the increase in daily new cases. Based on this test, PPKM showed a significant effect on the addition of daily new cases and recovered cases. Conversely, the vaccination program only had a significant impact on recovered cases. A forecast of the COVID-19 cases was conducted and indicated that the daily new cases showed a negative trend, although it fluctuated for the next 7 days, while death and recovered cases continued to increase. Hence, it can be said that the vaccination program has still not shown its effectiveness in decreasing the number of daily new cases while PPKM is quite effective in suppressing new cases.
Neighborhood Environment, Active Commute, and Healthy BMI in Adolescents
Authors: Wei Yehua Dennis , Xiao Weiye , Garcia Ivis
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of obesity has become a primary risk factor for adolescents’ health, which is an essential factor in poverty reduction and sustainable development. Physical activity can help adolescents reduce obesity risk and keep a healthy body mass index (BMI). We analyze the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (NYPANS) for U.S. school students from 9th to 12th grades (aging from 12 to 18). A latent variable analysis explored the relationship between adolescents’ BMI, physical activity, and physical and social environment. We found that Hispanic adolescents have higher BMI because they participate in fewer physical activities. We found that active commuting to school does not provide sufficient physical activity to keep a healthy BMI. The neighborhood environment for physical activity, such as public exercise and recreational center facilities, can reduce BMI but cannot help underweight adolescents increase BMI. Finally, spending too much leisure time on electronic entertainment, such as video games, is a dominating contributor to unhealthy BMI. These research outcomes suggest that providing a physical activity-friendly environment for adolescents, such as the facilities for physical activity in the neighborhood, is critical to a healthy BMI. Interventions that encourage physical activity and reduce leisure time on electronic entertainment to meet physical activity guidelines are also necessary.
Natural and Technological Hazards in Urban Areas: Assessment, Planning and Solutions
Authors: Skilodimou Hariklia D. , Bathrellos George D.
Published: July 2021

Natural hazards are extreme natural phenomena whose associated consequences can lead to damage of both the natural and man-made environment [...]
Human Impacts on Estuarine Erosion-Deposition in Southern Central Vietnam: Observation and Hydrodynamic Simulation
Authors: Anh Vu Tuan , Trung Pham Ba , Nguyen Kim-Anh , Liou Yuei-An , Phan Minh-Thu
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to identify the causes and sources of erosion and deposition at small estuaries in southern central Vietnam under human intervention. The jetty built at the Tam Quan river mouth (Binh Dinh Province, Vietnam) serves as the base for the study. After its completion at the end of 2009, the hydrodynamic and erosion-deposition processes in the region have been significantly altered. Inside the estuary, the waves are not influenced, but the currents are increased during the ebb tide period and decreased during the flood tide timeframe. During the southwest monsoon, the jetty could cause an increase in the deposition process in both frequency and area, whereas the erosion process tends to narrow the area and increase the frequency on the north coast. In contrast, both deposition and erosion processes are increased on the southern coast. About 5859 m3 of sediments are deposited in the channel gate mainly by local sources. During the northeast monsoon, both deposition and erosion processes are located over a narrow area with frequency increased on the north coast, whereas the deposition process is narrowed with higher frequency on the southern coast. The total amount of sediment deposited at the estuary is 56,446 m3, of which 74.2% is from the onsite erosion material, 15.8% from the river and 10% from the longshore transportation. Generally, due to mainly erosion-deposition processes, sediment volume is accumulated during the northeast monsoon with amount 9.6 times more than that the southwest monsoon. The erosion-deposition processes are contributed to by poor practical management and local human activities inland and in the coastal regions, as well as the natural situation, resulting in serious impacts on society, the economy and the environment. Hence, the governance of the erosion-deposition processes and sediment load in small estuaries appear to contribute to the master plan for the local sustainable development of society and the economy.
Technological Advances to Reduce Apis mellifera Mortality: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ziegler Cristiano , Sinigaglia Tiago , Martins Mario Eduardo Santos , Souza Adriano Mendonça
Published: July 2021

Bees play a fundamental role in the ecological balance of ecosystems, due to the pollination process they carry out on crops, including the production of honey. However, the mortality of bees is a significant concern; bee mortality can occur for several reasons, such as pesticides, mites, viruses, climate change, pathogens and a reduction in food resources and nests. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most widely used bee for commercial pollination and honey production. Therefore, the main objective is to compare the development of patent families and article publications related to the reduction in A. meliífera mortality. Data on patent families were collected on the Orbit platform, while data on scientific articles were collected on the Scopus database, with a time interval of 1980–2019. Subsequently, the data were analyzed in order to show the main priority countries, main assignees, and main IPC (International Patent Classification) codes, an analysis of the technology life cycle and the correlation between the data of patent families and articles published. The technologies that help to decrease bee mortality showed a technological maturity rate of 27.15% for patent families data and 53.35% for data from articles published in journals. It was noticed that the principal interest regarding the reduction in A. mellifera mortality is focused on universities, mainly in the United States and China.
Multiple Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks Following Seismic Damage
Authors: Choi Jeongwook , Jeong Gimoon , Kang Doosun
Published: July 2021

Water pipe leaks due to seismic damage are more difficult to detect than bursts, and such leaks, if not repaired in a timely manner, can eventually reduce supply pressure and generate both pollutant penetration risks and economic losses. Therefore, leaks must be promptly identified, and damaged pipes must be replaced or repaired. Leak-detection using equipment in the field is accurate; however, it is a considerably labor-intensive process that necessitates expensive equipment. Therefore, indirect leak detection methods applicable before fieldwork are necessary. In this study, a computer-based, multiple-leak-detection model is developed. The proposed technique uses observational data, such as the pressure and flow rate, in conjunction with an optimization method and hydraulic analysis simulations, to improve detection efficiency (DE) for multiple leaks in the field. A novel approach is proposed, i.e., use of a cascade and iteration search algorithms to effectively detect multiple leaks (with the unknown locations, quantities, and sizes encountered in real-world situations) due to large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes. This method is verified through application to small block-scale water distribution networks (WDNs), and the DE is analyzed. The proposed detection model can be used for efficient leak detection and the repair of WDNs following earthquakes.
Microbiological Attributes and Performance of the Bacterial Community in Brazilian Cerrado Soil with Different Cover Crops
Authors: de Lima Sebastião Ferreira , Secco Vinicius Andrade , Simon Cátia Aparecida , Silva Antônio Marcos Miranda , Vendruscolo Eduardo Pradi , Andrade Maria Gabriela de Oliveira , Contardi Lucymara Merquides , de Lima Ana Paula Leite , Cordeiro Meire Aparecida Silvestrini , Abreu Mariele Silva
Published: July 2021

Soil microbiological indicators are essential tools to understand how the management with cover crops interferes in the activity and the soil microbial community. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate microbiological attributes and performance of the bacterial community in the soil of the Brazilian Cerrado with different cover crops. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, evaluating seven cover crops, Sorghum bicolor, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Pennisetum americanum, Panicum miliaceum, Raphanus sativus, Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa ruziziensis, and a fallow area. Cover aerial biomass dry weight (CB), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and abundance and structure of bacterial community based on the rrs 16S rRNA gene were evaluated. In the soil cultivated with S. bicolor there was the highest CB and MBC at the same time as there was less microbial activity (lower BR and qCO2). The structure of the bacterial community was more differentiated in soils cultivated with S. bicolor, P. americanum, and C. ochroleuca. The MBC was more associated with cover crops of the Urochloa genus, while BR was positively correlated with S. bicolor. Bacterial abundance was positively correlated with P. miliaceum.
Influence of Slope Gradient and Aspect on Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Region of Niš, Serbia
Authors: Jakšić Snežana , Ninkov Jordana , Milić Stanko , Vasin Jovica , Živanov Milorad , Jakšić Darko , Komlen Vedrana
Published: July 2021

Topography-induced microclimate differences determine the local spatial variation of soil characteristics as topographic factors may play the most essential role in changing the climatic pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with respect to the slope gradient and aspect, and to quantify their influence on SOC within different land use/cover classes. The study area is the Region of Niš in Serbia, which is characterized by complex topography with large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC. Soil samples at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm were collected from different slope gradients and aspects in each of the three land use/cover classes. The results showed that the slope aspect significantly influenced the spatial distribution of SOC in the forest and vineyard soils, where N- and NW-facing soils had the highest level of organic carbon in the topsoil. There were no similar patterns in the uncultivated land. No significant differences were found in the subsoil. Organic carbon content was higher in the topsoil, regardless of the slope of the terrain. The mean SOC content in forest land decreased with increasing slope, but the difference was not statistically significant. In vineyards and uncultivated land, the SOC content was not predominantly determined by the slope gradient. No significant variations across slope gradients were found for all observed soil properties, except for available phosphorus and potassium. A positive correlation was observed between SOC and total nitrogen, clay, silt, and available phosphorus and potassium, while a negative correlation with coarse sand was detected. The slope aspect in relation to different land use/cover classes could provide an important reference for land management strategies in light of sustainable development.
Quantum Particle on Dual Weight Lattice in Weyl Alcove
Authors: Brus Adam , Hrivnák Jiří , Motlochová Lenka
Published: July 2021

Families of discrete quantum models that describe a free non-relativistic quantum particle propagating on rescaled and shifted dual weight lattices inside closures of Weyl alcoves are developed. The boundary conditions of the presented discrete quantum billiards are enforced by precisely positioned Dirichlet and Neumann walls on the borders of the Weyl alcoves. The amplitudes of the particle’s propagation to neighbouring positions are determined by a complex-valued dual-weight hopping function of finite support. The discrete dual-weight Hamiltonians are obtained as the sum of specifically constructed dual-weight hopping operators. By utilising the generalised dual-weight Fourier–Weyl transforms, the solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation together with the eigenenergies of the quantum systems are exactly resolved. The matrix Hamiltonians, stationary states and eigenenergies of the discrete models are exemplified for the rank two cases C2 and G2.
On Forbidden Subgraphs of (K2, H)-Sim-(Super)Magic Graphs
Authors: Ashari Yeva Fadhilah , Salman A.N.M. , Simanjuntak Rinovia
Published: July 2021

A graph G admits an H-covering if every edge of G belongs to a subgraph isomorphic to a given graph H. G is said to be H-magic if there exists a bijection f:V(G)∪E(G)→{1,2,…,|V(G)|+|E(G)|} such that wf(H′)=∑v∈V(H′)f(v)+∑e∈E(H′)f(e) is a constant, for every subgraph H′ isomorphic to H. In particular, G is said to be H-supermagic if f(V(G))={1,2,…,|V(G)|}. When H is isomorphic to a complete graph K2, an H-(super)magic labeling is an edge-(super)magic labeling. Suppose that G admits an F-covering and H-covering for two given graphs F and H. We define G to be (F,H)-sim-(super)magic if there exists a bijection f′ that is simultaneously F-(super)magic and H-(super)magic. In this paper, we consider (K2,H)-sim-(super)magic where H is isomorphic to three classes of graphs with varied symmetry: a cycle which is symmetric (both vertex-transitive and edge-transitive), a star which is edge-transitive but not vertex-transitive, and a path which is neither vertex-transitive nor edge-transitive. We discover forbidden subgraphs for the existence of (K2,H)-sim-(super)magic graphs and classify classes of (K2,H)-sim-(super)magic graphs. We also derive sufficient conditions for edge-(super)magic graphs to be (K2,H)-sim-(super)magic and utilize such conditions to characterize some (K2,H)-sim-(super)magic graphs.
Effect of Data Scaling Methods on Machine Learning Algorithms and Model Performance
Authors: Ahsan Md , Mahmud M. , Saha Pritom , Gupta Kishor , Siddique Zahed
Published: July 2021

Heart disease, one of the main reasons behind the high mortality rate around the world, requires a sophisticated and expensive diagnosis process. In the recent past, much literature has demonstrated machine learning approaches as an opportunity to efficiently diagnose heart disease patients. However, challenges associated with datasets such as missing data, inconsistent data, and mixed data (containing inconsistent missing data both as numerical and categorical) are often obstacles in medical diagnosis. This inconsistency led to a higher probability of misprediction and a misled result. Data preprocessing steps like feature reduction, data conversion, and data scaling are employed to form a standard dataset—such measures play a crucial role in reducing inaccuracy in final prediction. This paper aims to evaluate eleven machine learning (ML) algorithms—Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost (XGB), Random Forest Classifier (RF), Gradient Boost (GB), AdaBoost (AB), Extra Tree Classifier (ET)—and six different data scaling methods—Normalization (NR), Standscale (SS), MinMax (MM), MaxAbs (MA), Robust Scaler (RS), and Quantile Transformer (QT) on a dataset comprising of information of patients with heart disease. The result shows that CART, along with RS or QT, outperforms all other ML algorithms with 100% accuracy, 100% precision, 99% recall, and 100% F1 score. The study outcomes demonstrate that the model’s performance varies depending on the data scaling method.
COVID-19 and Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Salvadori Maurizio , Tsalouchos Aris
Published: July 2021

The morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 are particularly high among patients with underlying health disease conditions and chronic disease, among which are kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) [...]
Live Bird Markets in Nigeria: A Potential Reservoir for H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses
Authors: Sulaiman Lanre , Shittu Ismaila , Fusaro Alice , Inuwa Bitrus , Zecchin Bianca , Gado Dorcas , Schivo Alessia , Bianco Alice , Laleye Agnes , Gobbo Federica , Vakuru Columba , Joannis Tony , Monne Isabella , Meseko Clement
Published: July 2021

Since 2006, multiple outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) have been reported in Nigeria involving different subtypes. Surveillance and molecular epidemiology have revealed the vital role of live bird markets (LBMs) in the dissemination of AI virus to commercial poultry farms. To better understand the ecology and epidemiology of AI in Nigeria, we performed whole-genome sequencing of nineteen H9N2 viruses recovered, from apparently healthy poultry species, during active surveillance conducted in nine LBMs across Nigeria in 2019. Analyses of the HA gene segment of these viruses showed that the H9N2 strains belong to the G1 lineage, which has zoonotic potential, and are clustered with contemporary H9N2 identified in Africa between 2016 and 2020. We observed two distinct clusters of H9N2 viruses in Nigeria, suggesting different introductions into the country. In view of the zoonotic potential of H9N2 and the co-circulation of multiple subtypes of AI virus in Nigeria, continuous monitoring of the LBMs across the country and molecular characterization of AIVs identified is advocated to mitigate economic losses and public health threats.
Strategies to Optimise Oncolytic Viral Therapies: The Role of Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Leung Elaine Y. L. , McNeish Iain A.
Published: July 2021

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging class of anti-cancer agents that replicate selectively within malignant cells and generate potent immune responses. Their potential efficacy has been shown in clinical trials, with talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC or IMLYGIC®) now approved both in the United States and Europe. In healthy individuals, NK cells provide effective surveillance against cancer and viral infections. In oncolytic viral therapy, NK cells may render OV ineffective by rapid elimination of the propagating virus but could also improve therapeutic efficacy by preferential killing of OV-infected malignant cells. Existing evidence suggests that the overall effect of NK cells against OV is context dependent. In the past decade, the understanding of cancer and OV biology has improved significantly, which helped refine this class of treatments in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we summarised different strategies that have been evaluated to modulate NK activities for improving OV therapeutic benefits. Further development of OVs will require a systematic approach to overcome the challenges of the production and delivery of complex gene and cell-based therapies in clinical settings.
Critical Assessment of Purification and Analytical Technologies for Enveloped Viral Vector and Vaccine Processing and Their Current Limitations in Resolving Co-Expressed Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Minh Aline , Kamen Amine A.
Published: July 2021

Viral vectors and viral vaccines are invaluable tools in prevention and treatment of diseases. Many infectious diseases are controlled using vaccines designed from subunits or whole viral structures, whereas other genetic diseases and cancers are being treated by viruses used as vehicles for delivering genetic material in gene therapy or as therapeutic agents in virotherapy protocols. Viral vectors and vaccines are produced in different platforms, from traditional embryonated chicken eggs to more advanced cell cultures. All these expression systems, like most cells and cellular tissues, are known to spontaneously release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs share similar sizes, biophysical characteristics and even biogenesis pathways with enveloped viruses, which are currently used as key ingredients in a number of viral vectors and licensed vaccine products. Herein, we review distinctive features and similarities between EVs and enveloped viruses as we revisit the downstream processing steps and analytical technologies currently implemented to produce and document viral vector and vaccine products. Within a context of well-established viral vector and vaccine safety profiles, this review provides insights on the likely presence of EVs in the final formulation of enveloped virus products and discusses the potential to further resolve and document these components.
Climate Change Projections of Aridity Conditions in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Andrade Cristina , Contente Joana , Santos João Andrade
Published: July 2021

The assessment of aridity conditions is a key factor for water management and the implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies in agroforestry systems. Towards this aim, three aridity indices were computed for the Iberian Peninsula (IP): the De Martonne Index (DMI), the Pinna Combinative Index (PCI), and the Erinç Aridity Index (EAI). These three indices were first computed for the baseline period 1961–1990, using gridded observational data (E-OBS), and subsequently, for the periods 2011–2040 (short range) and 2041–2070 (medium range), using an ensemble of six regional climate model (RCM) experiments generated by the EURO-CORDEX project. Two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) were analyzed, an intermediate anthropogenic radiative forcing scenario (RCP4.5) and a fossil-intensive emission scenario (RCP8.5). Overall, the three indices disclose a strengthening of aridity and dry conditions in central and southern Iberia until 2070, mainly under RCP8.5. Strong (weak) statistically significant correlations were found between these indices and the total mean precipitation (mean temperature) along with projected significant decreasing (increasing) trends for precipitation (temperature). The prevalence of years with arid conditions (above 70% for 2041–2070 under both RCPs) are projected to have major impacts in some regions, such as southern Portugal, Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha, Comunidad de Madrid, Andalucía, Región de Murcia, Comunidad Valenciana, and certain regions within the Aragón province. The projected increase in both the intensity and persistence of aridity conditions in a broader southern half of Iberia will exacerbate the exposure and vulnerability of this region to climate change, while the risk of multi-level desertification should be thoroughly integrated into regional and national water management and planning.
Comparative analysis of the composition and quality of nutrition of students in some secondary schools in Darkhan, Mongolia
Authors: Oyuuna M , Bolormaa N , Oyuubuzhin B
Published: July 2021

The government of Mongolia is implementing a "Lunch program". In 2018, the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and the Ministry of Health adopted a joint order stating that the caloric content of school meals should be 15% of the daily norm, and the caloric content of daily lunch should be 268 calories. In 2019, this program involved 788 primary school students from 288,177 secondary school students in the city and rural area of Darkhan (Mongolia). The analysis of the composition of dishes and products of real lunch in a number of schools was made. The portions and the caloric content of the products and the entire lunch were determined.
Intervarietal specificity of the accumulation of trace elements by winter garlic in the Moscow region
Authors: Seredin T.M. , Soldatenko A.V. , Shumilina V.V. , Kozar E.G. , Kokhtenkova I.G.
Published: July 2021

An assessment was made, and varietal differences in the levels of accumulation of five macro - and eight microelements of ten varieties of winter garlic were established. It was found that in addition to the high content of potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and sodium, garlic is also an active accumulator of zinc, iron and silicon, which is a good source of minerals for the human body. It is demonstrated that the Podnebesniy variety is able to accumulate relatively high concentrations of magnesium. Based on our research on 13 elements in ecosystems with normal anthropogenic and technical impact, it was established that the level of accumulation of elements in plants depends on the element and has varietal characteristics. Basically, the varieties are distinguished by the level of accumulation of 1-5 elements. There are Dubkovskiy and Strelets varieties with a low level of accumulation of ten and seven chemical elements, respectively, and the Odintsovo Yubileyniy variety with the maximum accumulation of valuable elements: potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, silicon, manganese, aluminum and boron. On average, the elements for winter garlic varieties were distributed as follows in descending order: K>Mg>Ca>P>Na>Fe>Si>Z n>Mn>B>Cu>Al>Ni. The identified varietal features of the Allium sativum L. species can be taken into account when selecting an assortment to improve the mineral composition of the human vegetable diet.
Study of the temperature regime of wheat storage In the elevator of the far eastern region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Looze V.V. , Gavrilov A.V. , Gurieva K.B. , Beletskiy S.L.
Published: July 2021

The article presents and analyzes the temperature conditions of storage of wheat grain batches during the six-year storage period in silos of precast concrete elevators in the Far Eastern Region of the Russian Federation. The time intervals of grain temperature changes depending on the corresponding climatic conditions are considered. It is shown that the grain mass in the silos of elevators is in a cooled state, at a temperature below 10 °C, most of the annual cycle.
The evaluation of the effect of the nutrient additive "Spirulina" on the histological blood parameters of the organs of Danio rerio fish
Authors: Purtskhvanidze V.A. , Sidorenko Yu.I. , Simakov Yu.G. , Purtskhvanidze A.K. , Smorodinskaya S.V.
Published: July 2021

Spirulina is one of the most highly-demanded and popular dietary supplements in the world. It is widely used in healthy nutrition both as a colorant and as a nutrient additive containing a large number of useful trace elements and vitamins. Spirulina is also used to create photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, which is used to treat cancer and other diseases. Our objective was to conduct experiments and evaluate the eff ect of Spirulina solutions on the histological characteristics of Danio rerio organs. We tested the eff ect of Spirulina on adult fi sh Danio rerio in an acute 96-hour experiment at concentrations of: 0,1; 1,0, 10,0; 30,0; 100,0 mg/l. Afterwards, the histological micro-preparations obtained from the liver, intestines, kidneys, ovaries, and gills of the striped Danio were examined. The studies of the preparations have shown that the maximum allowable concentration of Spirulina solution for fi sh is 3 mg/l. These data can be used in hydrobiology for water disinfection methods, in ichthyopathology for fi sh treatment, and in food industry toxicology. Therefore, when using it for disinfection of water in the reservoir, aquatic invertebrates and fi sh will not be aff ected and sharp changes in the biocenosis of the reservoir are not expected.
Flour mixed with nosodes for functional food
Authors: Vasyukova A.T. , Egorova S.V. , Kulakov V.G. , Shishkova S.Yu. , Rostegaev R.S.
Published: July 2021

This article presents the research on the use of functional nutrition in changing homeostasis. Oncology diseases in humans occur not only as a result of a genetic disposition to such changes in the human body, but also as a weakening of the immune system associated with environmental degradation, the presence of unhealthy habits, an unbalanced diet, and constant stress. Taking certain medications often adversely affects the body's ability to heal itself. Immune status is the main indicator of immune diseases, it is the basis for protecting people from cancer. The purpose of this work is to study risk factors of functional additives and develop a recipe and technology for the production of flour mixtures with nosodes. It is shown that the priority direction in the prevention of cancer is personalized nutrition for people at risk and already having cancer, so there is a predictive and preventive medicine based on personalized nutrition, which can be implemented by creating an express laboratory to detect the immunological status of a person. The results of the examinations will form a nutrition passport.
Influence of technological processes on consumer properties of macaroni products
Authors: Tarasova I.A.
Published: July 2021

The article provides information about the impact of technological processes on the consumer properties of macaroni products; the recommendations on the technological process for obtaining macaroni products with the best consumer properties are given.
Ways to solve the problem of processing agricultural waste in the context of the formation of the organic products industry
Authors: Agapkin A.M.
Published: July 2021

Specific measures are proposed to stimulate the interrelated development of the industry of processing waste into organic fertilizers and the organic production industry. Special attention is paid to priority technologies for processing waste into organic fertilizers and mechanisms for piloting and scaling Russian technologies for their accelerated application in agriculture.
Nanostructured zinc: properties and applications in functional alimentary products
Authors: Krolevets A.A. , Binkovskaya O.V. , Glotova S.G. , Mamaeva E.M. , Nabokova O.A.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the properties of nanostructured zinc salts and their application for the production of functional food for preventive purposes on the example of marmalade, kefir, ice cream and bakery products. The size of nanostructured zinc sulfate was determined by the NTA method. As it turned out, the size of nanoparticles is 145 nm, and the polydispersity coefficient has a value of 1.34, which indicates its ellipsoid shape. These data allow using the synthesized product for functional purposes.
The use of whey in products for school nutrition
Authors: Podgornova N.M. , Petrov S.M.
Published: July 2021

The article provides an assessment of the prospects of using whey protein for school nutrition. Whey protein has unique characteristics and, unlike vegetable protein, is a complete protein with a high degree of hydration, which allows it to be used for rapid entry into the body. Since whey proteins are better absorbed than casein, they are used for such purposes as infant formula production and for increasing the nutritional value of dairy and other products. A method for obtaining whey proteins by cross flow ultrafiltration through ceramic tubular membranes is considered. To eliminate the problems of contamination of ceramic tubular membranes, an automated system has been developed that provides for their regeneration in continuous operation of the ultrafiltration unit.
Conservation of Britain’s biodiversity: Hieracium angustatiforme, Small-leaved Hawkweed (Asteraceae)
Authors: Rich Tim
Published: July 2021

The conservation status of Hieracium angustatiforme P.D. Sell & C. West (Asteraceae), Small-leaved Hawkweed, has been assessed. It is a rare endemic restricted to the Brecon Beacons, Wales. Only one population of c.330-430 plants is known in Craig Cerrig-gleisiad National Nature Reserve, and it has not been refound at three other sites. Hieracium angustatiforme is assessed as ‘Critically Endangered’ under IUCN (2001) threat criteria.
Conservation of Britain’s biodiversity: Distribution and status of the British endemic Hieracium subbritannicum, Limestone Hawkweed (Asteraceae)
Authors: Lee Sarah , Rich Tim
Published: July 2021

Hieracium subbritannicum, Limestone Hawkweed, is a British endemic plant. Field surveys indicate at least 745 plants in six semi-upland sites in Wales, and it has gone from seven sites on Old Red Sandstone and in the Wye Valley in England. The IUCN threat status is ‘Vulnerable’.
PRINCIPLE trial demonstrates scope for in-pandemic improvement in primary care antibiotic stewardship: a retrospective sentinel network cohort study
Authors: de Lusignan Simon , Joy Mark , Sherlock Julian , Tripathy Manasa , van Hecke Oliver , Gbinigie Kome , Williams John , Butler Christopher , Hobbs FD Richard
Published: July 2021

Background

The Platform Randomised trial of INterventions against COVID-19 In older peoPLE (PRINCIPLE) has provided in-pandemic evidence that azithromycin and doxycycline were not beneficial in the early primary care management of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19).

Aim

To explore the extent of in-pandemic azithromycin and doxycycline use, and the scope for trial findings impacting on practice.

Design & setting

Crude rates of prescribing and respiratory tract infections (RTI) in 2020 were compared with 2019, using the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC).

Method

Negative binomial models were used to compare azithromycin and doxycycline prescribing, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and influenza-like illness (ILI) in 2020 with 2019; reporting incident rate ratios (IRR) between years, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

Azithromycin prescriptions increased 7% in 2020 compared with 2019, whereas doxycycline decreased by 7%. Concurrently, LRTI and URTI incidence fell by over half (58.3% and 54.4%, respectively) while ILI rose slightly (6.4%). The overall percentage of RTI-prescribed azithromycin rose from 0.51% in 2019 to 0.72% in 2020 (risk difference 0.214%; 95% CI = 0.211 to 0.217); doxycycline rose from 11.86% in 2019 to 15.79% in 2020 (risk difference 3.93%; 95% CI = 3.73 to 4.14). The adjusted IRR showed azithromycin prescribing was 22% higher in 2020 (IRR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.26; P<0.0001). For every unit rise in confirmed COVID-19 there was an associated 3% rise in prescription (IRR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.03; P<0.0001); whereas these measures were static for doxycycline.

Conclusion

PRINCIPLE demonstrates scope for improved antimicrobial stewardship during a pandemic.
Produção de centralidade, monopólio e despossessão: um olhar sobre a fronteira sul do Vetor Sudoeste de São Paulo
Authors: Duarte Dantas de Biaggi Gabriella
Published: July 2021

Neste artigo, discutimos o processo de produção de centralidades de negócios em áreas anteriormente não-centrais de São Paulo. Considerando a tendência a uma nova expansão do eixo espacial da metrópole que concentra atividades de comando de grandes empresas, o chamado Vetor Sudoeste, analisamos o projeto de intervenção urbana Arco Jurubatuba, plano de reestruturação urbana proposto em 2018. Este projeto visa uma área que identificamos como fronteira sul do Vetor Sudoeste e as suas proposições parecem favorecer o avanço de uma frente imobiliária. No entanto, os objetivos e possíveis impactos do projeto não são homogêneos em relação ao território. A fim de compreender os processos de produção da centralidade, debatemos as suas condições, ligadas à concentração de poder econômico e político em determinadas áreas urbanas. Tendo em vista o sentido econômico de tal process, refletimos sobre o papel da centralidade enquanto localização privilegiada, que gera condições de monopólio para determinados setores do mercado imobiliário. Discutimos também a participação fundamental do Estado na atribuição de centralidade a novas partes,, promovendo substituições de usos e elaborando novas imagens e conteúdos simbólicos para o espaço através da mobilização de dispositivos jurídicos e da força repressiva.
"Noli me tangere", todavía no soy una imagen
Authors: Miranda Juan
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se presenta como un compendio de notas y apuntes sobre la relación entre imagen y escena. A partir de reflexiones acerca de lo tangible, se plantean ciertas preguntas abiertas en torno a la idea de presencia y el pathos como vehículo para abordar la práctica escénica. El objetivo de este trabajo es reflejar distintas estrategias de traducción que han dado cuerpo a la investigación escénica que actualmente realizo en el marco del Máster Das Theatre en la Universidad de las Artes de Ámsterdam.
El texto en escena: operaciones en la puesta de "GAS/GAZ" de Tom Lanoye
Authors: Cepernic Catalina
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo observar las operaciones en la escena que convierten a "GAS/GAZ Alegato de una madre condenada" en una obra inespecífica y, particularmente, de qué forma el texto opera de manera autónoma y se configura como objeto de exposición en la puesta. "GAS/GAZ" es una obra escrita por Tom Lanoye, dramaturgo belga, y se trata de un monólogo en el que la madre del responsable de un atentado terrorista lleva a cabo una suerte de alegato en defensa tanto propia como de su hijo. La traducción al español de esta obra fue realizada por Micaela van Muylem y llevada a escena por la Compañía Teatro Magdalena (Santiago de Chile) en 2017.
Sensor Based Industrial Kitchen Foodstuffs Monitoring System
Authors: Palanisamy Sowndarya , N Saranya
Published: July 2021

Artificial Intelligence based foodstuff monitoring system is used for inventory management in industrial kitchens, restaurants, canteens, vegetable stores and so on. If the store keeper is not available to monitor the grocery and orders, the process will be risky. The proposed method considers the level estimation detection using ultrasonic sensor and if the container is empty then the information is sent to the store keeper. By this method, the intimation about availability of specific food item can be found and items not available can be ordered for purchasing. The DHT11 sensor is used to monitor the humidity and temperature inside the container, if any of these two is high then the notification will be sent. Decomposed organic items are identified by MQ3 sensor based on detection of alcoholic gas produced by organic items. The sensors data such as grocery level, humidity, temperature and decomposition range of organic items are collected from the corresponding smart container. This data transaction happens via micro controller known as Node MCU. The level of the groceries present, and spoiled organic items can be identified and mail notification can be triggered in the early stage with the help of mobile application called IFTTT.
Karl Popper and the Iranian Intellectuals
Authors: Paya Ali
Published: July 2021

The ways in which Popper’s ideas have been introduced to Iranian society will be discussed, and the reactions of several prominent Iranian intellectual groups, namely, the leftists, the Heideggerians, the religious conservatives, the religious intel- lectuals and the moderate seculars, to Popper’s views will be critically appraised.The upshot of the paper is that while Popper’s views have been used and misused in the power struggle between various groups in post-revolutionary Iran, they also have been instrumental in creating collective intentionalities and shared understandings con- cerning a range of important concepts in such diverse fields as epistemology, politics, culture, social action, and religious beliefs.
Przygotowanie do zawodu przyszłych nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej na Ukrainie
Authors: Bocharova Olena
Published: July 2021

W niniejszym artykule podejmowany jest problem przygotowania studentów do zawodu nauczyciela edukacji wczesnoszkolnej na Ukrainie. Analiza retrospektywna literatury wskazuje, że po raz pierwszy problem przygotowania nauczycieli do zawodu stał się przedmiotem dyskusji dopiero w XVIII wieku. Od tego czasu nastąpiły istotne zmiany w organizacji procesu kształcenia nauczycieli do zawodu. W 2018 roku w szkolnictwie ukraińskim została wypracowana i wprowadzona koncepcja „Nowa ukraińska szkoła”. Głównym jej zadaniem była reforma struktury szkolnictwa, a przede wszystkim edukacji wczesnoszkolnej. W tym celu wypracowano standard kształcenia przygotowujący do wykonywania zawodu nauczyciela edukacji wczesnoszkolnej„Nauczyciel klas początkowych w szkole ogólnodostępnej”. W pierwszej części opracowania zostało zaprezentowanych pięć etapów powstania i rozwoju organizacyjnego szkół pedagogicznych przygotowujących przyszłych nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej do zawodu (koniec XVIII i początek XXI wieku). Druga część poświęcona została organizacji procesu nauczania przyszłych nauczycieli klas początkowych w Akademii Humanistyczno-Pedagogicznej w Chmielnickim.
Specyfika kształcenia nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji w Finlandii i Estonii. Podobieństwa i różnice.
Authors: Kos Ewa Arleta
Published: July 2021

Za sukcesem fińskiego i estońskiego systemu edukacji stoi przede wszystkim wysoka jakość szkolenia nauczycieli. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja wybranych aspektów procesu kształcenia pedagogów wczesnej edukacji w Finlandii i Estonii – w krajach, których systemy edukacji uznawane są za efektywne i innowacyjne, a także plasują się na najwyższych pozycjach w rankingach europejskich. Co stoi za sukcesem fińskiego procesu kształcenia nauczycieli, uznawanego często za wzorcowy wśród krajów europejskich, oraz estońskiego, o którym zbyt często się nie mówi? To pytanie, wokół którego koncentruje się niniejsza refleksja. Analiza literatury źródłowej pozwala zidentyfikować kluczowe, innowacyjne elementy kształcenia nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji w Finlandii i Estonii oraz wskazać na podobieństwa i różnice w obu systemach. W pierwszej części opracowania autorka przygląda się statusowi zawodu nauczyciela w Finlandii i Estonii, następnie omawia proces rekrutacji do zawodu i specyfikę kształcenia przyszłych pedagogów w tych krajach. Mając świadomość, iż jakość systemu edukacji jest bezpośrednio związana ze specyfiką kształcenia nauczycieli, autorka przygląda się fińskim i estońskim programom studiów i stara się wydobyć te elementy, które uważa za wyróżniające się. Szczegółowo omawia specyfikę praktyk zawodowych oraz inicjatywę roku zawodowego.