bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF USING THE DISCOUNT RATE AS A TOOL OF MACROECONOMIC REGULATION
Authors:   National University «Lviv Polytechnic», Bondarenko Lidiia , Skip Roksolana ,   National University «Lviv Polytechnic»
Published: February 2021

The shifts that took place at the beginning of the 21st century in the global financial space have clearly demonstrated the great importance of monetary policy to ensure effective economic development. This is why successful international experience in the field of monetary policy implementation is of scientific interest in order to use it in national practice. The article analyzes the current practice of monetary policy in different countries on the example of the discount rate level. Chiefly the discount rate of such countries as the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Poland, Hungary, the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Bulgaria, Germany, the Czech Republic and Canada is studied for the last 10 years. The article also examines the relationship between changes in the discount rate and the dynamics of loans in Germany, the Czech Republic and Canada. In addition, the dynamics of the discount rate is compared with the dynamics of inflation in the Czech Republic and Canada. As a result, the analysis has revealed that because of the coronavirus crisis, the central banks of almost all the surveyed countries lowered the discount rate level several times to support the national financial system and economy as a whole. Equilibrium in the banking system forms the basis to create general economic equilibrium, and this is primarily achieved by predictable, appropriate and effective instruments of the state’s monetary policy. Note that based on the processing statistics, it has been found that the stable level of the discount rate is typical for the Republic of Bulgaria and Germany. Thus, these countries have the least number of changes (one change) in the discount rate level from 2015 to 2020. In turn, Canada is characterized be a particularly frequent change in the discount rate level and ambiguous dynamics of lending. To sum up, forecasts of the level and dynamics of the discount rate in the studied countries for the near future are briefly highlighted.
DEVELOPMENT OF XBRL FORMAT AS A FURTHER DIRECTION OF DIGITALIZATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Authors:   SHEI “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”, Shygun Maria , Bezverkhyi Kostiantyn ,   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics
Published: February 2021

Introduction. In the conditions of constant technical discoveries, an increase in the introduction of the latest technologies into practical activities, the question arises of introducing them into the domestic reporting practice. Without proper organization of the preparation of financial statements of an enterprise, it is impossible to introduce information technologies, in particular, to establish a process for submitting such reports. The introduction of the IFRS taxonomy for financial reporting gave impetus to the development of such an electronic reporting standard as XBRL. Therefore, an urgent issue will be to consider the XBRL format as a further direction in the development of digitalization of financial reporting. Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the implementation of the XBRL format and alternative formats for the purposes of presenting financial statements in various countries of the world, to identify the relevant stakeholders using this format, and to determine the further direction of the digitalization of the reporting process. Methods. During the research, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis (analysis of the dynamics of the use of the XBRL format in the countries of the world); groupings (allocation of the number of institutions in the context of the countries of the world that use XBRL in the formation of financial statements); observations (highlighting foreign institutions that use the XBRL format in the formation of financial statements); logical generalization of results (formulation of conclusions). Results. In the course of the study, the stakeholders who use the XBRL electronic reporting format were identified, namely: 1) regulators; 2) companies; 3) government; 4) data providers; 5) analysts and investors; 6) accountants, which made it possible to characterize their information needs. Alternative formats of digital reporting (PDF, HTML, XML, JSON, RDBMS), which will provide management personnel with the necessary information regarding the appropriateness of their use in domestic and international reporting practice, are characterized. The article analyzes the number of institutions in the context of the countries of the world that use XBRL and the dynamics of its use for 2001 - 2020. in the world. Discussion. Further research is proposed to focus on developing a unified taxonomy for integrated reporting. This will allow the introduction of a format such as XBRL in the presentation of integrated reporting to all interested stakeholders.
METHODOLOGICAL BASICS OF ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Kustrich Liliіa , Aleshkina Ljudmila ,   Uman National University of Horticulture
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the question of the conceptual foundations of the organization and conduction of the scientific research. It is noted that the research of any sphere of human activity, including scientific, is subject to the general laws of the cognitive process and is implemented with the help of methodological regulations. During the analysis of the specifics of the formation of research work, it was established that scientific research has its own, unique and inherent features, stipulated by the specifics of the interaction of the subject and object under study, the features of the means and ways of achieving possible results, etc. It is indicated that the purpose of scientific research is to identify key categories and principles, as well as the formulation of theoretical and applied provisions that explain natural and social phenomena. The key methodological foundations of scientific activity has been defined. It is noted that during the formation of the conceptual foundations of the organization of scientific research and research work methods of divergence, convergence and transformation are being used. On the basis of analysis and critical analysis of scientific sources, which covers the methodology of scientific research and research planning, the stages of organization and conduction of scientific research has been highlighted and analyzed. It is summarized that the analysis of the methodology of scientific research indicates the requirement for further development of methodological aspects on the organization and conduction of scientific research. The accelerating of development pace of theory and practice requires not only further improvement of traditional research methods, but also the development of innovative forms of scientific activity, the application of which would increase the effectiveness of scientific research. That is why the study and development of research methodology is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of science and its operational implementation in the practice of scientific knowledge.
Novel strategies for italian cherries developement and commercialization
Authors: Della Casa Roberto , Mattioli Francesco
Published: February 2021

For the benefit of a younger audience, the cherry can be further enhanced by freeing it from the fruit group and allowing it to become part of the world of desserts and special treats. On the contrary, the localisms, traditions, and seasonality which characterize much of the national production can be further emphasized for the middle age and the “differently young” age groups, especially for the domestic market. Common to these diverse strategies is the need for high performance varieties linked to a structured sales season and non-destructive sorting with the use of the latest technologies to guarantee what the English-speaking world calls “consistent quality” and what we could rename “quality that lives up to our promises.”
Varietal innovation for high quality sweet cherry production
Authors: Boubennec Amandine
Published: February 2021

Fruit quality is a factor of considerable significance for successful production and it depends on a number of parameters that need to be recognized and understood to make informed decisions about which cherries we need to be growing today and tomorrow, in order to maximize our opportunities and remain profitable in the future. In a context of climate change and diversification of agricultural production practices, sweet cherry actors are turning to varietal innovation Boubennec 24 to work on criteria such as cracking, firmness, fruit size, fruit properties and tree traits, in order to achieve high quality production.
Stationary measure for three-state quantum walk
Authors: Endo Takako , Komatsu Takashi , Konno Norio , Terada Tomoyuki
Published: February 2021

We focus on the three-state quantum walk (QW) in one dimension. In this paper, we give the stationary measure in general condition, originated from the eigenvalue problem. Firstly, we get the transfer matrices by our new recipe, and solve the eigenvalue problem. Then we obtain the general form of the stationary measure for concrete initial state and eigenvalue. We also show some specific examples of the stationary measure for the three-state QW. One of the interesting and crucial future problems is to make clear the whole picture of the set of stationary measures.
Security proof for quantum key recycling with noise
Authors: Leermakers Daan , Skoric Boris
Published: February 2021

Quantum Key Recycling aims to re-use the keys employed in quantum encryption and quantum authentication schemes. QKR protocols can achieve better round complexity than Quantum Key Distribution. We consider a QKR protocol that works with qubits, as opposed to high-dimensional qudits. A security proof was given by Fehr and Salvail in the case where there is practically no noise. A high-rate scheme for the noisy case was proposed by \v{S}kori\'{c} and de Vries, based on eight-state encoding. However, a security proof was not given. In this paper we introduce a protocol modification and provide a security proof. The modified protocol has high rate not only for 8-state encoding, but also 6-state and BB84 encoding. Our proof is based on a bound on the trace distance between the real quantum state of the system and a state in which the keys are completely secure. It turns out that the rate is higher than suggested by previous results. Asymptotically the rate equals the rate of Quantum Key Distribution with one-way postprocessing.
Teleportation improvement by noiseless linear amplification
Authors: Adnane Hamza , Paris Matteo G.A.
Published: February 2021

We address de-Gaussification of continuous variables Gaussian states by optimal non-deterministic noiseless linear amplifier (NLA) and analyze in details the properties of the amplified states. In particular, we investigate the entanglement content and the non-Gaussian character for the class of non-Gaussian entangled state obtained by using NL-amplification of two-mode squeezed vacua (twin-beam, TWB). We show that entanglement always increases, whereas improved EPR correlations are observed only when the input TWB has low energy. We then examine a Braunstein-Kimble-like protocol for the teleportation of coherent states, and compare the performances of TWB-based teleprotation with those obtained using NL-amplified resources. We show that teleportation fidelity and security may be improved for a large range of NLA parameters (gain and threshold).
Impossibility of perfectly-secure one-round delegated quantum computing for classical client
Authors: Morimae Tomoyuki , Koshiba Takeshi
Published: February 2021

Blind quantum computing protocols enable a client, who can generate or measure single-qubit states, to delegate quantum computing to a remote quantum server protecting the client's privacy (i.e., input, output, and program). With current technologies, generations or measurements of single-qubit states are not too much burden for the client. In other words, secure delegated quantum computing is possible for ``almost classical" clients. However, is it possible for a ``completely classical" client? Here we consider a one-round perfectly-secure delegated quantum computing, and show that the protocol cannot satisfy both the correctness (i.e., the correct result is obtained when the server is honest) and the perfect blindness (i.e., the client's privacy is completely protected) simultaneously unless BQP is in NP. Since BQP is not believed to be in NP, the result suggests the impossibility of the one-round perfectly-secure delegated quantum computing.
Switching and partially switching the hypercube while maintaining perfect state transfer
Authors: Kirkland Steve , Plosker Sarah , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: February 2021

A graph is said to exhibit perfect state transfer (PST) if one of its corresponding Hamiltonian matrices, which are based on the vertex-edge structure of the graph, gives rise to PST in a quantum information-theoretic context, namely with respect to inter-qubit interactions of a quantum system. We perform various perturbations to the hypercube graph---a graph that is known to exhibit PST---to create graphs that maintain many of the same properties of the hypercube, including PST as well as the distance for which PST occurs. We show that the sensitivity with respect to readout time errors remains unaffected for the vertices involved in PST. We give motivation for when these perturbations may be physically desirable or even necessary.
Eavesdropping on quantum secret sharing protocols based on ring topology
Authors: Jiang Dong , Yang Yongkai , Guang Qisheng , Gao Chaohui , Chen Lijun
Published: February 2021

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is the process of splitting a secret message into multiple parts such that no subset of parts is sufficient to reconstruct the secret message, but the entire set is. Ever since the first protocol was proposed, QSS has attracted intensive study, and many protocols have been proposed and implemented over recent years. However, we discover that several ring-topology based QSS protocols cannot resist Trojan-horse attacks. In this paper, we first give a modified Trojan-horse attack strategy and show that the eavesdropper can obtain any player's private data and the dealer's secret message without leaving any trace. Then we show that existing defense strategies cannot resist our attack. To defeat such attacks, we design a defense strategy based on quantum memory and evaluate its performance. The evaluation results indicate that the eavesdropper's attack significantly increases the quantum bit error rate and can thus be detected.
pH Dependent Mechanisms of Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Glucoside
Authors: Alhifthi Amani , Williams Spencer
Published: February 2021

1,2-trans-Glycosides hydrolyze through different mechanisms at different pH values, but systematic studies are lacking. Here we report the pH-rate constant profile for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucoside. An inverse kinetic isotope effect (k(H3O+)/k(D3O+) = 0.63) in the acidic region indicates that the mechanism requires the formation of the conjugate acid of the substrate for the reaction to proceed, with heterolytic cleavage of the glycosidic C-O bond. Reactions in the pH-independent region exhibit general catalysis with a single proton in flight, a normal solvent isotope effect of kH/kD = 1.5, and when extrapolated to zero buffer concentration show a small solvent isotope effect k(H2O)/k(D2O) = 1.1, consistent with water attack through a dissociative mechanism. In the basic region, solvolysis in 18O-labelled water and H2O/MeOH mixtures allowed detection of bimolecular hydrolysis and neighboring group participation, with a minor contribution of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Under mildly basic conditions, a bimolecular concerted mechanism is implicated through an inverse solvent isotope effect of k(HO–)/k(DO–) = 0.5 and a strongly negative entropy of activation (DS‡ = –13.6 cal mol–1 K–1). Finally, at high pH, an inverse solvent isotope effect of k(HO–)/k(DO–) = 0.6 indicates that the formation of 1,2-anhydrosugar is the rate determining step.
A Transferable Active-Learning Strategy for Reactive Molecular Force Fields
Authors: Young Tom , Johnston-Wood Tristan , Deringer Volker , Duarte Fernanda
Published: February 2021

Predictive simulations of dynamic processes in molecular systems require fast, accurate and reactive interatomic potentials. Machine learning offers a promising approach to construct force-field models for large-scale molecular simulation by fitting to high-level quantum-mechanical data. However, machine-learned force fields generally require considerable human intervention and data volume. Here we show that, by leveraging hierarchical and active learning, accurate Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) models for diverse chemical systems can be developed in an autonomous way, requiring only hundreds to a few thousand energy and gradient evaluations on the reference potential-energy surface. Our approach relies on a decomposition of the condensed-phase molecular system into intra- and inter-molecular terms, and on the definition of a prospective error metric to quantify accuracy. We demonstrate applications to a range of molecular systems: from bulk water, organic solvents, and a solvated ion onwards to the description of chemical reactivity, including, a bifurcating Diels–Alder reaction in the gas phase and non-equilibrium dynamics (SN2 reaction) in explicit solvent. The method provides a route to routinely generating machine-learned force fields for complex and/or reactive molecular systems.
Amphoteric Lewis Acid/base Activity Enables an Unprecedented Pathway for Low-Energy C-O Cleavage in the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Agarwala Hemlata , Chen Xiaoyu , Lyonnet Julien R. , Johnson Ben A , Ahlquist Mårten , Ott Sascha
Published: February 2021

Molecular electrocatalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion often operate at large overpotentials, the cleavage of C-O bond in the intermediate largely contributing to this phenomenon. Additional Lewis acids have been shown to aid in weakening the C-O bond. We herein present computational and experimental evidence, with ruthenium polypyridyl based CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, for a mechanistic route that involves one metal center acting as both Lewis base and Lewis acid at different stages of the catalytic cycle. The Lewis basic character of Ru is seen in the initial nucleophilic attack at CO2 to form [Ru-CO2]0, while its Lewis acid character allows the formation of a 5-membered metallacyclic intermediate, [Ru-CO2CO2]0,c, by intramolecular cyclization of a linear [Ru-CO2CO2]0 species that is formed from [Ru-CO2]0 and a second equivalent of CO2. [Ru-CO2CO2]0,c is crucial for energy-conserving turnover, as it allows for a third reduction at a more positive potential than that of the starting complex Ru2+. The calculated activation barrier for C-O bond cleavage in [Ru-CO2CO2]-1,c is dramatically decreased to 10.5 kcal mol-1 from 60 kcal mol-1, the latter required for C-O bond cleavage in the linear intermediate [Ru-CO2CO2]0. The intermediates are characterized experimentally by FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy during electrocatalytic turnover and are corroborated by density functional theory (DFT).
Efficacy of a combination of cholesterol absorption and synthesis inhibitors in the correction of hyperlipidemia and dietary fat intolerance in patients with coronary heart disease (ESTHETICS trial)
Authors: Bubnova M. G , Perova N. V , Aronov D. M , Zeinapur A. A , Ozerova I. N
Published: February 2021

Objective: to study the lipid-modifying effects of the selective intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe as monotherapy and in combination with simvastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxy methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, which is given on an empty stomach and after single dietary fat intake (FI) that modulates postprandial hyperlipidemia (HL) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with baseline HL. Subjects and method. The trial covered 30 patients aged 43–75 years with CHD and baseline HL of Types IIa and IIb (Fredrickson classification) who were, after 4-week therapy, randomized to 2 groups: 1) 15 patients took ezetimibe 10 mg/day and 2) 15 received simvastatin 20 mg/day (the total duration of monotherapy was 12 weeks), then its half dose (from 20 to 10 mg/day) added by ezetimibe 10 mg/day (the duration of the combination therapy was 12 weeks). All the patients underwent standard FI test before and after a 12-week monotherapy period and 24 weeks (i.e. after 12-weel combination therapy). A standard FI test was carried out by the modified procedure described by J. Patsch (1983); the cutoffs for blood sampling for analysis were on an empty stomach (before FI) and 3 and 6 hours after FI. Results. The patients with CHD treated with ezetimibe 10 mg showed a significant reduction in the fasting levels of total cholesterol (TC) by 20% (p
Stress-induced arterial hypertension – clinical features and treatment options
Authors: Ratova L G , Chazova I E
Published: February 2021

Aim: to evaluate the characteristics of 24-h blood pressure (BP) profile, prevalence of target organ damage in patients (pts) with stress-induced arterial hypertension (AH) and efficacy of the fluoxetine therapy. Materials and methods. The study included 23 pts with stress-induced AH, which diagnosis is confirmed on the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the working day (44% males and 56% females, mean age 38,9±5 years, body mass index 28,2±4,0 kg/m2). The regular antihypertensive therapies were not accepted by any patient. Initially clinical BP (BP clin.) level was 144,6±5,5/91,7±6,4 (136–156/80–100) mm Hg, heart rate (HR) 70,2±10,4 (50–88) bpm. All patients were given recommendations of lifestyle modification, and 20 patients started taking fluoxetin. Results. The 26,1% of pts have 1–2 risk factors (RF) and 73,9% have three or more RF. Target organ damage was found in 65% of pts. The presence of established cardiovascular disease were absent. BP during working hours was significantly higher than in the free time (∆BP 14,7±5,3/10,9±4,3 mm Hg, p
Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory, Radiological Findings and Outcomes of Hospitalized Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: VAROL Fatih , ESER Oznur , KAPLAN Günay , BOGA Aysun , PİRDAL Betül , GÜVEN Şirin
Published: February 2021

Objective: We assessed our knowledge about the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, laboratory/ radiological findings, and outcomes of hospitalized children with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted on 54 children with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from March 16, 2020, to April 26, 2020, in the Pediatric Department at Sancaktepe Training &Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey.
Results: The median age of our patients was 121.5 months (range 1-214 months), of the 54 hospitalized children, 48.1 % (n=26) were female, and 51.9% (n=28) were male. The most common symptom was cough (n=24, 44.4%). The median duration of hospitalization was five days (range 1-13 days). According to the PCR test results, 24 (44.4%) patients werepositive, and 30 (55.6%) were negative. Among 54 children, white-cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were significantly lower, and CRP levels were significantly higher in PCR negative patients. Computed tomography was performed in 26 children, and 19(73.1%) CT scans were consistent with classic/probable/indeterminate COVID-19 predominant patterns. Oxygen requirement was significantly higher in our PCR negative patients.
Conclusion: As a result of the low sensitivity of PCR test results, clinicians should consider clinical signs and symptoms in deciding on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.
Farklı Renk Kompomerlerin Polimerizasyon Esnasında Direkt Işık Geçirgenliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Radyometrik Bir Çalışma
Authors: ÖZMEN Bilal , KAYA Zeynep , BODUR GÜNEY Hatice Zehra
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Kompomer rezinin kalınlığı ve rengi, polimerizasyonda kullanılan ışığın iletimini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı aynı marka farklı renk tonunda kompomer rezinlerin polimerizasyonları esnasındaki direkt ışık geçirgenliklerini değerlendirmektir.
Materyal ve Metot: Bu amaçla A2, A3, A3,5, A4, B3 ve C2 renk Glasiosite caps kompomerler (Voco, Germany) kullanıldı. Her renk grubu için silindir şeklinde 2 mm kalınlığında ve 8 mm çapında 10 örnek hazırlandı. Tek bir ışık cihazıyla (Woodpecker Led G, China) polimerize edilen örneklerin direkt ışık geçirgenliği dijital bir radyometre (SDI, Australia) ile 1., 5., 10., 15., ve 20. saniyelerde ölçüldü. Veriler Duncan çoklu karşılaştırma testi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: En az direkt ışık geçirgenlik değeri C2 renk kompomerlerde birinci saniyede, en fazla direkt ışık geçirgenlik değeri A2 renk kompomerlerde 20. saniyede gözlendi. A2, A3 ve B3 gruplarından elde edilen direkt ışık geçirgenliği değerleri birbirine benzer olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Kalınlıkları ve üreticisi aynı olan farklı renk kompomerlerin direkt ışık geçirgenlik değerlerinin farklı olduğu ve kompomer rezinlerde kullanılan renk pigmentlerinin direkt ışık iletim değerlerini etkilemekte olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEES / WORKERS WHO EXPERIENCED EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP IMPACT DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Rabarijaona Haingo , Arifani Devina
Published: February 2021

This journal describes labor problems that arise as a result of technological advances in the modern era, one of which is due to digitalization. This results in termination of employment by employers to workers even without severance pay. The purpose of this paper is to find out how the law regulates the rights and legal protection of workers who have been laid off. The research method used is the normative legal research method. This method examines law normatively by looking at the law from an internal perspective where the object of research is to use legal norms where there is still a vagueness of norms in legal protection for workers due to layoffs due to the impact of this digitization. The final result of this research is that the rights of workers who are laid off are contained in Article 150 to Article 172 of Act No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Legal protection for workers / laborers due to the impact of digitization is contained in Article 164 Paragraph (3) of the UUK with legal protection in the form of severance pay, awarding money or service fees during the work period of the worker.
AN ETHICAL AND AN INTELLIGENT BUREAUCRATIC LAW REFORM
Authors: Hafidz Jawade
Published: February 2021

Bureaucracy and the law are two forces that must go hand in hand. Bureaucratic disregard the law when it goes limp bureaucratic system with no force because the bureaucratic system will not run when the law was abandoned. Bureaucracy in indonesia often look weak in a system. First rampant corruption in the bureaucracy is the main cause of dishonesty (actor) bureaucrats in understanding the nature of law. Breaking effects and misusing the mandate. Second, in our country as chaotic bureaucracy therein lies stagnation and the legal system in force when the bureaucracy that must be realized in accordance with the function and social role as a servant of the state. The third in the current law is enforced through a reformulation bureaucracy or bureaucratic reforms therein lies the role of bureaucracy is no longer comply with the law. Presence of bureaucracy in addition to be honest and transparent with the legal ethics bureaucracy is needed. Ethics is important in the bureaucracy. First, the existing problems in the bureaucracy becoming increasingly complex. Second, the success of development that has improved the dynamics and pace of change in the bureaucratic environment. Bureaucracy perform adjustment which requires discretionary power great.
Efficacy of Teachers’ In‐Service Training for Increasing Their Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Melhem Tareq
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a training programme in increasing teachers’ knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The sample comprised 124 teachers from schools in the said region, and these teachers were divided into two groups: (1) experimental group with 62 teachers and (2) control group with 62 teachers. The quasi-experimental approach was employed for collecting data; the Cognitive Awareness Scale of ADHD (Melhem, 2020) was also employed. It consists of 37 items distributed into three domains, namely, general knowledge, characteristics and diagnosis and treatment. Results revealed that the effectiveness of the training programme in increasing teachers’ ADHD knowledge was in favour of the experimental group. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were observed in the increase of the levels of ADHD knowledge amongst the teachers in the experimental group due to the variable of teaching experience. That is, the levels of ADHD knowledge of teachers from the experimental group are the same according to their teaching experience. In sum, the training programme significantly increased the levels of ADHD knowledge of teachers from the experimental group. Moreover, educational institutions in Saudi Arabia should include ADHD training programmes in teacher-training curricula in Saudi Arabia.
Determinación del potencial nematicida y nematostático in vitro de Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) sobre larvas J2 de Globodera pallida (Stone)
Authors: Arteaga Maria Belén , Soria Carlos A , Ordoñez Marí­a Eugenia
Published: February 2021

Globodera pallida genera pérdidas de hasta el 30 % en el rendimiento   cultivo de papa en el Ecuador.  El control quí­mico de la plaga supone riesgos de toxicidad al suelo y para el agricultor. En este estudio se determinó el potencial nematicida y nematostático in vitro del micelio en agar agua y del filtrado del caldo de cultivo de Pleurotus ostreatus en medio Sabouraud sobre larvas J2 de G. pallida. En el efecto del micelio se observó un mayor porcentaje de nemátodos inmóviles (34 %) a las 24 horas de exposición, y el efecto nematicida más efectivo a las 72 horas, con una mortalidad del 80,3 %. No existió relación entre el porcentaje de J2 inmóviles, el tiempo de exposición y la concentración del filtrado en la actividad nematostática; sin embargo, el tratamiento con 100 % de concentrado y 8 h de exposición, dio como resultado un mayor porcentaje de nemátodos inmóviles (65,2 %). El efecto nematicida del filtrado a una concentración del 100 % y 24 horas de exposición, fue la más efectiva, con una tasa de mortalidad de larvas del 41,6 %. El micelio y el filtrado de P. ostreatus presentaron actividad nematostática y nematicida in vitro frente a larvas de G. pallida.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Karakter Jujur dan Adil Integrasi Islam dan Budaya Lokal Berbasis Mobile Learning
Authors: Subair Subair
Published: February 2021

Abad 21 menuntut transformasi proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti menjadi lebih menarik dan inspiratif. Hal itu terutama dalam menanamkan karakter  jujur dan adil kepada peserta didik, salah satunya melalui pengembangan media pembelajaran yang lebih inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi awal, rancangan, kelayakan, dan efektivitas media yang dikembangkan di UPT SMP Negeri 2 Pinrang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Research and Development dengan mengadaptasi model pengembangan 4D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi awal pembelajaran di UPT SMP Negeri 2 Pinrang masih mengandalkan media cetak dan audio sederhana. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengembangan media yang kontennya mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam dan budaya lokal berbasis mobile learning. Hasil validasi ahli media, ahli materi/praktisi pembelajaran, dan peserta didik diperoleh hasil dalam kategori sangat baik. Hasil pengujian efektivitas dengan indeks gain menunjukkan hasil signifikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media yang digunakan layak digunakan dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran karakter bagi siswa.
Pembelajaran EDP-Problem Solving Project untuk Melatih Siswa Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Penyelesaian Masalah
Authors: Setiawan Dani
Published: February 2021

Siswa Indonesia masih perlu penguatan kemampuan mengintegrasikan informasi, menarik simpulan, serta menggenalisir pengetahuan yang dimiliki ke hal lain. Siswa Indonesia masih lemah dalam menjawab soal dengan level penalaran. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini ntuk mengetahui keterampilan berpikir kritis  dan penyelesaian masalah siswa pada kelas VII-A SMPN 1 Bulakamba tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran EDP-Problem Solving Project. EDP-Problem Solving Project memfasilitasi siswa mengimplementasikan engineering design process dalam melakukan proyek penyelesaian masalah. Aktivitas pembelajaran EDP-Problem Solving Project terdiri dari tahap (1) ask (merumuskan pertanyaan), (2) imagine (membayangkan), (3) plan (merencanakan), (4) creat (membuat), (5) test (mengujicobakan), (6) analyze (menganalisis), (7) conclude (menyimpulkan), (8) communicate  (mengomunikasikan), dan (9) improve (mengembangkan). Penelitian dilakukan dengan prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas. Data keterampilan berpikir kritis dan penyelesaian masalah dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis dan penyelesaian masalah siswa kelas VII-A SMPN 1 Bulakamba tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembelajaran EDP-Problem Solving Project.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Anola Berbasis Android untuk Pembelajaran Atletik Nomor Lari Jarak Pendek
Authors: Hariyanto Bambang
Published: February 2021

Produk kemajuan era digital adanya perangkat canggih berupa telepon pintar (smartphone), yang saat ini menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Perangkat ini menjadikan segala aktivitas manusia menjadi praktis dan cepat. Pengembangan aplikasi Atletik Nomor Lari disingkat ANOLA adalah salah satu inovasi pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitumendeskripsikan pengembangan aplikasi, kepraktisan dan keefektifan berbasis android agar dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran materi atletik nomor lari Metode yang digunakan yaitu Design and Development (D & D)sedangkan proses pengembangan aplikasi ANOLA menggunakan model Analisys, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE).Hasil penelitian bahwauji kepraktisan aplikasi ANOLA menunjukan angka 94,67% (Sangat Praktis), sedangkan uji keefektifan sebesar 96% (Sangat Efektif). Uji kelayakan oleh ahli media diperoleh angka 96,67% (Sangat Layak). Hasil uji kompetensi melalui pre test dan post test menunjukan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar klasikal peserta didik kelas 8 D sebesar 53% pada ranah pengetahuan (KI.3) dan sebesar 23% pada ranah keterampilan (KI. 4).
Extractive separation of selenium for atomic-absorption determination in purified sulfur
Authors: Gudzenko L. V. , Sheina T. V.
Published: February 2021

The expanding use of sulfur in medicine, science and technology has tightened the requirements for the impurity composition, including the content of selenium in sulfur. Combined extraction-atomic absorption methods have been developed to determine selenium in purified sulfur. The possibility of using thiourea derivatives such as sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and diphenylthiocarbazone for the extraction of microgram amounts of selenium from sulfuric acid solutions was studied. Optimal conditions for the extraction of selenium from sulfate solutions are determined. Two procedures for selenium separation are proposed: extraction of selenium diethyldithiocarbamate with ethyl acetate from a solution of sulfuric acid with pH 3 or extraction of selenium dithizonate with chloroform from a 5.25 – 6.0 M sulfuric acid solution. The results of the extraction-atomic absorption determination of selenium in sulfur are compared for both procedures of selenium separation. The accuracy of the selenium determination in purified sulfur is confirmed by the method of varying sample weight. The optimal temperature-time parameters for the electrothermal atomic absorption determination of selenium are determined. The limit of selenium determination is 1 × 10–5 % wt. The values of sr in the range of selenium content 2 × 10–5 — 1 × 10–4 % wt. change from 0.10 to 0.12.
The Difference of Anxiety in Intrapartum Mothers with Normal and Sectio Caesarea
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kasiati K. ,   School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surabaya, Maharrani Titi ,   School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surabaya
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Due to the painful nature of childbirth and its maternal and neonatal complications, the woman needs support in this phase of their life. The anxiety felt by women before caesarean delivery caused psychological problems, the increased of surgical pain therefore increased the need for pain relief, and prolong hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the difference of anxiety in intrapartum mothers with normal and sectio caesarea. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at Haji hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A sample of 34 intrapartum mothers was selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable was anxiety. The independent variables were normal and section cesarea birth delivery. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by independent t test. Results: There was no difference of anxiety in intrapartum mothers with normal birth delivery (Mean= 56.82; SD= 15.02) and mother those with section cesarea (Mean= 58.19; SD= 12.02). Conclusion: There is no difference of anxiety in intrapartum mothers with normal birth delivery and mother those with section cesarea. Keywords: anxiety, birth delivery, intrapartum mothers Correspondence: Firdausi Nuzula. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ulafn10@gmail.com. Mobile: 081553283675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.03.134
Effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique to Increase Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in Adolescents
Authors:   Physiotherapy Study Program, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Indonesia, Ghufroni Afif , Pertiwi Jasmine Kartiko ,   Physiotherapy Study Program, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Background: Shortening of the hamstring muscles results in pain, limited range of motion, postural instability, and abnormal gait, which effect on daily activities. Muscle energy technique provides a solution to shortening the hamstring muscles by improving muscle flexibility. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of muscle energy technique in increasing hamstring muscle flexibility in adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment pretest-posttest without a control group conducted at No. 1 High School Jogonalan, Klaten, Central Java in April 2018. A total of 30 students was selected with purposive sampling method in which one student dropped out. The dependent variable was flexibility of hamstring muscle. The independent variable was muscle energy technique training. The flexibility of hamstring muscle was measured by back saver sit and reach test. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results: Flexibility of hamstring muscle was higher after muscle energy technique (Mean= 39.92; SD= 4.24) than before (Mean= 30.14; SD= 3.59), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Muscle energy technique increases flexibility of hamstring muscle. Muscle exercise technique can be used to improve hamstring muscle flexibility. Keywords: muscle energy technique, flexibility, hamstring muscle, adolescents Correspondence: Afif Ghufroni. Physiotherapy Study Program, School of Health Polytechnics, Surakarta, Indonesia. Email: apip.physio@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285725000769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.29
Effect of Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid on The Risk of Infants Asphyxia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Widiyaningrum Alfiati Nanda , Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome refers to the aspiration of meconium and amniotic fluid by the fetus. It can occur when the fetus is still in the uterus, passing through the birth canal or when it takes its first breath after birth. Meconium aspiration is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to examine the effect of meconium stained amniotic fluid on the risk of infants asphyxia. Subjects and Method: Meta analysis and systematic review was conducted by collecting published articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, Science Direct, and Springer Link databases. Keywords used risk factor, asphyxia, birth asphyxia, meconium stained amniotic, meconium stained liquor, and cross sectional. The inclusion criteria were full text, using English language, using cross-sectional study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The study population was infants. Intervention was meconium stained amniotic liquid with comparison clean amniotic liquid. The study outcome was asphyxia. The collected articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed by fixed effect model using Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from Ethiopia reported that meconium stained amniotic fluid increased the risk of asphyxia in infants 5.83 (aOR= 5.83; CI 95%= 4.15 to 8.20; p <0.001). Conclusion: Meconium stained amniotic fluid increases the risk of asphyxia in infants. Keywords: meconium, amniotic fluid, asphyxia, infants Correspondence: Alfiati Nanda Widiyaningrum. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widiyaningruma@gmail.com. Mobile:081327524537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.130
The Relationship of Ability to Pay and Ownership of Health Insurance towards Willingness to Pay Laboratory Services at Persahabatan Hospital, East Jakarta
Authors:   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Jakarta Selatan, Utami Siska Putri , Hadiwiardjo Yanti Harjono ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Jakarta Selatan, Simanjuntak Kristina ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Jakarta Selatan
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Limited cost of health services, especially in laboratory tests for diagnoses, causes doctors to consider patient’s willingness to pay so the costs are spent more efficiently. Some factors which supposedly affect the willingness to pay are ability to pay and health insurance ownership. This study aims to know the relationship between ability to pay and health insurance ownership with the willingness to pay for laboratory services in outpatients at RSUP Persahabatan. Method: This research was an analytical observational research with cross-sectional design. Samples consisted of 70 outpatients at RSUP Persahabatan laboratory collected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variable is willingness to pay and the independent variable are the ability to pay and insurance ownership measured using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Chi-square. Results: Chi-square test results showed relationship between the ability to pay and the willingness to pay for laboratory health services (OR= 13.14; 95% CI= 2.76 to 62.49; p< 0.001). There was no relationship between health insurance ownership and the willingness to pay for laboratory health services (OR= 2.82; 95% CI= 0.85 to 9.33; p= 0.083). Conclusion: High ability to pay will lead to high willingness to pay, since their need for food has been met and they will shift to the need for health. The health insurance ownership does not affect the willingness of patients in paying laboratory service. Keywords: Ability to Pay, Health Insurance, Hospital, Laboratory Services, Willingness to Pay. Correspondence: Siska Putri Utami. Medicine Study Program, Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, UPN “Veteran” Jakart. Jl. RS. Fatmawati Raya, Pd. Labu, Cilandak district, Depok, West Java, 12450. Email: Thesiska07@gmail.com. Phone: (021) 7656971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.18
Analysis of Pharmaceutical Installations Management at Kambang Hospital, Jambi
Authors:   Program study Hospital Administration, Dwiyani Fitri , Sjaaf Amal C. ,   Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Hospital Pharmacy Installation (IFRS) was one of 5 revenue centres as well as being the primary support for the hospital which has full authority in managing various pharmaceutical preparations. Therefore, pharmaceutical supplies require careful and precise management through a one-door system. This study aimed to determine the management system and identify the various problems that exist in the pharmacy installation at Kambang Jambi Hospital. Subjects and Method: This study was a qualitative study conducted on IFRS at Kambang Jambi Hospital from August to September 2020. The data were obtained from primary data in the form of in-depth interviews with stakeholders related to IFRS and field observations, as well as secondary data in the form of document review. The data were collected by in-depth interview guide. The data was reported by 5 Whys Analysis diagram. Results: Based on field observations at IFRS Kambang Jambi Hospital, it was found that there were still many problems at almost every stage of pharmaceutical supply management starting from planning, procurement, receiving, storage, distribution, control, deletion, recording and reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation. When the problem is identified more deeply using 5 Whys Analysis, the roots of these various problems are obtained, namely: 1) There has not been an adequate Pharmacy and Therapy Committee (KFT) in the management of the pharmaceutical installation at Kambang Jambi Hospital, 2) The majority of KFT members have assumed structural positions at Kambang Jambi Hospital so that it does not focus on KFT duties, 3) KFT does not regularly hold monthly meetings and evaluations, 4) The ineffective role of SPI at Kambang Jambi Hospital in monitoring and evaluating IFRS performance, 5) SIMRS still depends on outsiders not always standby at the hospital when there are problems. Conclusion: Re-organized the pharmacy and therapy committee to carry out a continuous review of the hospital formularies to be more effective and minimize medication errors. Keywords: IFRS, IFRS management, drug procurement, KFT. Correspondence: Fitri Dwiyani. Postgraduate Student for Hospital Administration Studies, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok City, West Java. Email: fitridwiyani14@gmail.com. Mobile: 081221005831/081221005831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.20