ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATION AND ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KUIALNYK ESTUARY
Authors: LAIKO O.I. , BOHUSHEVYCH V.K. , VORONIN O.Yu. , CHECHOVICH Z.V. 
Published: March 2024

Topicality. The Kuialnyk estuary, which is a unique water-management object with resources that, in terms of their balneological properties, are close to reference ones, needs help in the aspect of ensuring preservation, prevention of degradation and sustainable development as an ecosystem, which includes economic, infrastructural, social, recreational and touristic components. Territorial communities located in the basin of the Kuialnyk estuary should be involved in solving common problems regarding the preservation and effective use of its resources in the process of social production and ensuring post-war recovery. Since the natural and healing properties of the estuary determine its role as a recreational and rehabilitation object of national and international scale, organizational, economic, administrative, informational and other measures are needed to preserve the estuary and provide the communities in the estuary basin with an appropriate high level of well-being. The Kuialnyk estuary is one of the examples of a territorial economic system in which numerous natural resources are available, but the infrastructure is undeveloped, there are no conditions for ensuring the development of entrepreneurship among community residents, and other economic, social, and ecological needs of the population are not met. The role of such objects in the context of ensuring post-war recovery and the transition to a model of sustainable development is extremely high, since, with the help of well-chosen measures of state regional policy and local organizational and economic mechanisms, they can be transformed into points of economic growth, cooperation and cohesion of territorial communitiesAim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to determine the organizational and economic principles and current tools of state regional policy aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of territorial communities located in the area of common natural, economic resources and assets, using the example of the Kuialnyk estuary microregion. The tasks of the research are to determine the features of the development of the natural and economic ecosystem of the Kuialnyk estuary. The choice of tools for organizational and economic support of sustainable development and increasing community cohesion in the context of preservation and reproduction of common natural and economic assets. Economic and organizational justification for the implementation of projects to replenish the estuary with fresh water based on its economical use and recycling, regulation of the salinity level in order to preserve the proper state of balneological resources and obtain additional valuable products.Materials and methods. The research materials are represented by the results of previous studies and monitoring data in the field of solving key problems of preserving and ensuring the development of the Kuialnyk estuary, data from the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine, materials representing the best practices of integrated development of territorial communities with reference to unique natural and economic conditions objects. Scope of scientific methods are used, namely: methods of system analysis, statistical analysis, methods of comparisons and generalizations, methods of determining patterns of development of objects and phenomena in the field of determining effective options for involvement in the processes of social production of natural objects on the basis of ensuring their preservation and sustainable development.Research results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the indicators of the state of the Kuialnyk estuary, as well as on the basis of the study of the research experience of this natural and economic object, it is proposed a list of seven key tasks that are to be solved to preserve and restore the balneological resources of the estuary and ensure its sustainable development was formulated, namely: sustentation of required water level; salinity level maintenance; organization of an effective management system for the processes of economic, social, and ecological development of the estuary based on the formation of a joint management body in the Kuialnyk estuary basin based on the interaction of the territorial communities of the estuary basin and the Kuialnyktskyi National Park; the organization of productions aimed at balancing the content of useful resources in the Kuialnyk estuary and at their maximum effective use with obtaining increased added value; restoration of small rivers as part of the Kuialnytskyi estuary ecosystem; creation of an eco-industrial (eco-recreational) park in the estuary basin; supporting entrepreneurial activity and increasing the level of cohesion in the communities of the estuary basin with the use of regional development tools; raising the level of awareness in the country and abroad about the uniqueness of the Kuialnytsky estuary as a natural recreational and economic object and obtaining opportunities to attract the necessary amounts of funding for the preservation, restoration and development of a natural asset of national and international importance.It is proposed to organize a salt mining using brine from the Kuialnyk estuary as a measure to maintain the proper level of its salinity and participate in ensuring national food security. The institutional principles of the application of the compensatory mechanism for compensation for damage caused by the violation of the ecological condition of the rivers of the Kuialnyk estuary basin are formulated. A comprehensive solution to the task of ensuring sustainable development and increasing the level of economic and social cohesion of the communities of the Kuialnyk estuary basin is proposed through the formation of an eco-industrial park on the territory of the Odesa city community's filtration fields, due to which the Kuialnyk and Khadzhibey estuaries will be filled with the purified waters of the reconstructed biological treatment station. The implementation of such an approach is a solution that meets the goals of sustainable development and secondary use of water resources based on the selection and disposal of pollutants, their transformation into fertilizers and other useful products with high added value.Conclusion. A comprehensive solution to the problems of ensuring sustainable development and community cooperation regarding the joint effective use of natural and economic assets based on the use of state regional development tools is proposed, in particular: community cooperation, the formation of joint resource management bodies, the creation of integration structures in the form of eco-industrial parks, eco-recreational territorial and economic systems, the application of organizational and economic compensation mechanisms to ensure financing of activities related to the preservation and restoration of natural resources, the stimulation of socially effective entrepreneurial activity and participation in the implementation of the Plan for the post-war recovery of Ukraine by transforming depressed areas neightboring to the Kuialnyk estuary into functional zones - points of economic growth and socio-economic cohesion.