bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE HISTORY OF EMERGENCE OF SUGHD CITIES
Authors: Isamiddinov Muhammadjon
Published: October 2020

The article examines the history of the emergence of Sughd cities on the basis of archeological sources. In particular, based on the results of recent research on Kuktepa, Uzunqir, Yerkurghan and Afrosiab, their emergence is discussed.
KEY WORDS: Sughd, Afrosiab, Yerkurghan, Uzunqir, Yaz-depe.
Grundgeschichte und Chronik
Authors: Willi Thomas
Published: October 2020

The Chronicler used two types of sources in writing history: In general, the chronistic narration is based on the „Deuteronomistic history“ as it is called today. Nonetheless, the Pentateuch in its priestly components is another key to its concept.

In his historical outline, the Chronicler is aware of differences of time: There is, first of all, the epoch of Moses and of the Mosaic institutions given to a wandering Israel. A new age, second, started with David gathering a scattered people toward the new center in Jerusalem.

These epochs are characterized by both continuity in the worship of Yhwh and discontinuity of theperformance of that worship. The ark, the mobile sanctuary in the tent of the desert, was now to find its definite place and house, to be built and inhabited by Yhwh, prepared by David and finally realized by Solomon.

According to the Chronicler, God’s word had been present in both epochs, but in different forms. Originally, it was given orally to Moses. Yet, the history of Israel as described by Chronicles refers to written documents (kakkātûb). In light of their attribution in Chronicles we should not call them „priestly“ – as it has been customary since the 19th century (de Wette, Wellhausen) –but more adequately „Mosaic“ tradition.

For the Chronicler, such Mosaic tradition was applied and performed by David’s Israel. Of prime importance is the new position of Levi, Moses’ own tribe. According to the P-sources in the Pentateuch, the Levites had to do physical labour for the holy tent. But, in the era of the temple, they gained a new responsibility by interpreting, instructing and applying Tora in its broadest sense. The Priests's duties for their part are presupposed rather than itemized. Since the time of the Exodus – which is deliberately not a topic in Chronicles – they have remained the same.

Decisive for the Chronicler is the new presence of Moses’ revelation in the ongoing history of Israel and its kings, accompanied and guided by Moses’ tribe, the Levites.
FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA: Perspectivas pós covid-19
Authors: Menezes Luiz
Published: October 2020

O livro Filosofia Política: perspectivas pós covid-19 apresenta uma série de artigos com análises sobre políticas públicas, ética, cidadania, ciência política, biopoder, necropolítica e perspectivas filosóficas sobre a pandemia em geral. Desde o final do ano de 2019, o novo coronavírus (covid-19) vem preocupando a população global devido ao crescente aumento de casos de pessoas infectadas e de mortes causadas pelo vírus. Independentemente do resultado da pandemia, é certo que o mundo não mais será como antigamente. Mas que mundo se formará após a epidemia viral? Para refletir sobre isso, essa coletânea de artigos tem o intuito de contribuir para uma reflexão consistente sobre o assunto da pandemia pelo viés da filosofia política.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INCENTIVE-BASED WEIGHT REDUCING TECHNIQUE AMONG UNIVERSITY PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS (UPSI) STUDENTS, MALAYSIA
Authors: Khan Abdul Mujeeb , Md. Azman Shahadan  , Rahmattullah Khan Abdul Wahab Khan
Published: October 2020

Increasing overweight and obesity prevalence are growing health concerns globally and in Malaysia due to various contributing factors such as life style, dietary intake (high sugar & high fat diets), less physical activities etc. In order to explore an effective weight reducing strategy for overweight and obese students; this study aimed to examine the significance of offering a monetary reward to students for weight reduction at the University Pendidkan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Malaysia.  An experimental study was conducted among Forty Eight (48) University students selected based on criteria of Body Mass Index (BMI) above 25.  The convenient sampling was used for 3-months weight reduction experimental program comprised of "repeated measure design" which involved multiple measurement of each subject and their exposure to all study conditions. Participants were divided into two groups: 12-pairs and 24-individuals to further compare results. Three introductory lectures were given to students by a nutritionist to educate both groups on ' nutritional aspects of everyday eating'. Participants were requested to attend follow-ups every two weeks to record their weight. ANOVA repeated measure with fixed effects were used to analyze data. Results indicated that "offering monetary reward" brought significant change in both groups students' weight reduction (F (3.09, 142.24) = 18.16, p <0.05.), and hasn't found significant comparative difference between two groups' weight reduction (F (1, 46) =2.74, p =0.10). The study reveals that offering monetary incentive or reinforcement to University-level students is an effective strategy in weight reduction either incentive is given to the groups or individuals.  A similar long-term research project needs to be implemented and/or further research is required with large sample size to examine sustainability of weight loosing behavior reinforced by monetary incentives.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT WITH HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN I AND OTHER BIOMARKERS: AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY IN JOHOR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sickan Jaganathan , Aw Tar Choon , Du Shaoqing X , Li Jian , Huang Janel , Beshiri Agim
Published: October 2020

Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health challenge in Malaysia, many Malaysians are unaware of their CVD risk. The measurement of biomarkers in the general population may help to identify at-risk individuals before the onset of symptomatic CVD. The aim of this community health screening project was to determine the distribution of high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and other biomarkers of CVD risk in the general population of Johor, Malaysia. A sampling of self-declared healthy volunteers was conducted during the 2016 Kembara Mahkota community event in Johor. Levels of hsTnI, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and homocysteine (HCY) were analyzed using the ARCHITECT immunoassay and clinical chemistry platforms utilizing fresh venous blood samples. Based on previous data, biomarker levels indicative of high risk were >10 and >12 ng/mL for hsTnI in women and men, respectively, BNP >50 pg/mL in the overall population, and HCY >13.6 µmol/L in women and >16.2 µmol/L in men. A total of 2744 volunteers participated in biomarker testing.  Biomarker measurements showed that up to 10% of participants had moderate or high CVD risk based on hsTnI, approximately 2% were above the BNP threshold and >50% of subjects were above the HCY threshold. General population biomarker testing shows distribution of biomarker levels that may be indicative of CVD risk or the presence of disease and suggests that biomarker-guided risk strategies should be more widely implemented to determine the impact they would have on early detection and prevention of disease.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION AND IMMEDIATE CONTAINMENT OF SUSPECTED COVID-19 CASES IN INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION SABAH, MALAYSIA BORNEO
Authors: Salvaraji Loganathan , Syed Abdul Rahim Syed Sharizman , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Omar Azizan , Pang Nicholas Tze Ping , Ahmedy Fatimah , Hayati Firdaus , Yeap Boon Tat , Giloi Nelbon , Saupin Sahipudin , Muhammad Assikin , Zainudin Syaza Putri
Published: October 2020

Higher education institutions face major challenges in managing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of exposure from the community poses a threat to campus staff and students. This study describes epidemiological characteristics of suspected COVID-19 cases among a public university’s students and staff. This is a retrospective review on data collected from the institute’s COVID-19 Preparedness and Respond Centre, located at the main campus in Kota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah from mid-January to April 2020. Incidence rate was calculated, and epidemiological information retrieved from interviews and relevant documents. The majority of suspected COVID-19 cases were staff (57.1%) with incidence rates higher among males (IR=40.2/1,000 population) and those working in the frontline (IR=39.6/1,000 population). Suspected COVID-19 cases were mostly related to occupation (37.3%) and social contacts (27.3%). Student cases were largely related to household (38.1%) and during travel (33.3%). One positive COVID-19 case was reported of out of the 161 suspected cases (0.6%) in the institution. An operational team must be set up to conduct situational analysis and integrate management with other departments. Suspected COVID-19 cases must be quarantined and monitored on a daily basis. A high index of suspicion and effective containment of suspected cases will prevent spread of the virus among students and staff.
ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG HUNAN POPULATION IN CHINA
Authors: Ali Sheikh Md Sayed
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study to determine the clinical characteristic of the associated risk factors of acute myocardial infarction patients (AMI) among the Hunan Han population in China. The retrospectively collected the records data of 595 both STEMI and NSTEMI patients from the first Xiangya hospital, Hunan, China over a period of January 2018 and December 2018. These studies revealed clinical characteristics with associated risk factors among acute myocardial infarction patients. A total of 595 diagnosed acute myocardial infarction patients participated in this study among males 70.9% and females 29% with mean age e 52.9+11.3 years. While 90% had STEMI and 9.9 % had NSTEMI. The chest pain 94.4%, 86% and shortness of breath 55%, 100% presented with STEMI and NSTEMI groups respectively. Smoking incidence in male subject 70.3% had higher than in female subject 29.1 % (P<0.05). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus found 59%, 69.5% in male participants as compared to 40.6%, 30.4% in female participants respectively (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference was found among dyslipidemia males 48.6% and females 47.4%. The most common type of AMI was STEMI and usually presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. The AMI patients were more found in male and common associated risk factors were smoking and hypertension followed by diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.
LEADERSHIP STYLES OF MILITARY HOSPITAL MANAGERS IN MALAYSIA AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS
Authors: Junaidah Kamarruddin  , Syed Mohamed Aljunid  , Adlina Suleiman  , Mohd Nor Yahaya
Published: October 2020

A good quality leader is vital in ensuring effective and efficient services rendered to patients. However, as to date, little is known on the leadership styles of managers in Military Hospitals in Malaysia and the region. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the leadership styles and identify the influencing factors, among Military and Non-Military managers in five Military Hospitals in Malaysia. A pre-tested 20-item questionnaire was distributed to eligible managers in the hospitals. Based on the total score, the leadership style of managers was classified into Transformational (TS) and Non-Transformational style (N-TS). Among the 501 respondents, 375 (74.9%) of them were Non-military managers and 126 (25.1%) of them were Military managers. 46.8% (n=59) of the managers with military background practiced TS while only 27.7% (n=104) of Non-military managers have TS (X2 =15.662; p <0.001). Managers aged 40 years and above, male, with higher educational level, served longer in the service, attended in-service training and participated in other capacity building activities were more likely to practice TS. Analysis using stepwise multiple logistic regressions proved that predictors of TS style are educational level (AOR=2.319; 95% CI=1.300,4.134), working experience (AOR=1.075; 95% CI=1.049,1.102), Military managers (AOR=1.759; 95% CI=1.104,2.802) and attended in-service training (AOR=2.070; 95% CI=1.369,3.129). In conclusion, the Military Hospitals have the benefit of being managed by Military managers that practice TS. Educational level and  in-service training are two most important elements  that influence the practice TS  among the managers in these Military Hospitals.
THE ANALYSIS OF MULTISTAKEHOLDERS’VIEW OF ECOPRENEURSHIP STARTUPS: A QUALITATIVE CASE OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
Authors: Shad Fazaila , Kakakhel Shahid Jan , Zahid Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Ecopreneurship is an emerging field of interest in a world grappling with achieving social and economic growth, making frugal use of natural resources as well as preventing pollution simultaneously. In this qualitative study, ten multi-stakeholders of various backgrounds, including the National Incubation Center, Trade Development Authority, Chamber of Commerce & Industry Peshawar, and non-government organizations were interviewed to explore the concept of ecopreneurship, and to find out the perceptions of multi-stakeholders about ecopreneurship. The study documented that the stakeholders perceive ecopreneurship as an eco-friendly business. Similarly, the ecopreneurs highlight problems due to unawareness of this concept of environment-friendly business. Likewise, there are several barriers to the sustainability of startups such as limited knowledge, lack of information, lack of awareness by the startup entrepreneurs, and limited funding for promoting sustainable enterprises ecopreneurship. Furthermore, the stakeholders advocate the role of digital technology towards the success of ecopreneurship as it provides a sustainable future through the use of new tools available for startups. The study further discusses theoretical, methodological, and practical implications in the novel concept of ecopreneurship.
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF COLOMBIAN BANKS BY HYBRID MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHODS
Authors: Yazdi Amir Karbassi , Hanne Thomas , Osorio Gómez Juan Carlos
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study in this paper is to show how the performance of banks can be evaluated by ranking them based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Nowadays, assessing the performance of companies is a vital work for finding their weaknesses and strengths. The banking sector is an important area in the service sector. Many people want to know which bank performs best when entrusting their money to them. For assessing the performance of banks, BSC can be used. This method helps to translate strategic issues to meaningful insights for the respective financial institutions. After that, the banks will be ranked based on performance indicators by the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method. Because this method is based on a decision matrix, weights are required. To find such weights, the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method is applied. The results show that the International Bank of Colombia has a much better performance than other Colombian banks. Besides, further insights regarding the evaluation process based on BSC, SWARA, and WASPAS are obtained.
COMPARATIVE MODELS IN CUSTOMER BASE ANALYSIS: PARAMETRIC MODEL AND OBSERVATION-DRIVEN MODEL
Authors: Xie Shao-Ming
Published: October 2020

This study conducts a dynamic rolling comparison between the Pareto/NBD model (parametric model) and machine learning algorithms
(observation-driven models) in customer base analysis, which the literature has not comprehensively investigated before. The aim is to find the comparative
edge of these two approaches under customer base analysis and to define the implementation timing of these two paradigms. This research utilizes Pareto/NBD
(Abe) as representative of Buy-Till-You-Die (BTYD) models in order to compete with machine learning algorithms and presents the following results.
(1) The parametric model wins in transaction frequency prediction, whereas it loses in inactivity prediction. (2) The BTYD model outperforms machine
learning in inactivity prediction when the customer base is active, performs better in an inactive customer base when competing with Poisson regression,
and wins in a short-term active customer base when competing with a neural network algorithm in transaction frequency prediction. (3) The parametric model
benefits more from a short calibration length and a long holdout/target period, which exhibit uncertainty. (4) The covariate effect helps Pareto/NBD (Abe)
gain a better predictive result. These findings assist in defining the comparative edge and implementation timing of these two approaches and are useful
for modeling and business decision making.
Doppler Beaming of M Dwarfs in TESS, Kepler/K2, and Gaia Photometry
Authors: Honaker Easton J. , Mace Gregory N.
Published: October 2020

The Doppler beaming amplitude of a M dwarf is amplified relative to a blackbody of the same temperature because of deep TiO absorption features in M dwarf spectra. A strong Na feature at 5890 Å coincides with the short wavelength cutoff of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite response function, which also increases the beaming amplitude. As a result, the Doppler beaming effect for a 3000 K object is a factor of 1.4–2.0 times greater than predicted for a blackbody. Underestimating the Doppler beaming coefficient could result in mass overestimates when using the photometric beaming amplitude to determine stellar properties. This is especially important for M dwarfs in short period binary systems with massive white dwarf, neutron star or black hole companions.
Multi-valued versions of Nadler, Banach, Branciari and Reich fixed point theorems in double controlled metric type spaces with applications
Authors: Ahmad Sahibzada Waseem , Sarwar Muhammad , Abdeljawad Thabet , Rahmat Gul
Published: October 2020

In the current work, the multi-valued version of well-known theorems of Nadler, Banach, Branciari and Reich are generalized to the scope of double controlled metric space. A double controlled metric space is a metric type space in which the right hand side of the triangle inequality is controlled by two functions. Furthermore, applications to existence of solution to Volterra integral inclusions and singular Fredholm integral inclusions of are obtained.
La práctica de la variolización en España
Authors: De Demerson Paula
Published: October 2020

Hasta el siglo XVIII las viruelas fueron el primer factor de mortalidad en Europa y se consideraban como un «tributo» impuesto a la humanidad por los designios im­previsibles del Creador. En aquel panorama desolador, se vislumbraron unos rayos de esperanza traídos del :Lejano Oriente por dos médicos italianos y la esposa de un embajador inglés. Por ellos, se conoció el procedimiento de «variolización» usado en aquellas tierras para reducir las graves consecuencias -a menudo fatales- de aquel azote. En Europa, la variolización chocó con numerosos obstáculos y nunca se gene­ralizó. Pero en todas las naciones se usó. Inglaterra se puso en primera fila en su aplicación y en España se desarrolló en muchas provincias, salvando a millares de individuos hasta que la vacuna de Jenner la destronó. La autora estudia pormenori­zadamente la variolización en España.
Los cultivadores de la ciencia española y el gobierno de José I (1808-1813). Un estudio prosopográfico
Authors: Bertomeu Sánchez José Ramón
Published: October 2020

El trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación al estudio de las actitudes políticas de los autores científicos españoles de principios del siglo XIX. Se ofrece el resultado de un estudio prosopográficos de 483 biografías de cultivadores de la ciencia españoles de ese período basado en los datos que ofrecen varios repertorios bibliográficos y diversos expedientes procedentes, principalmente, de la documentación del Ministerio del Interior de José I. A través de esta documentación, se ha analizado el lugar de residencia de los autores científicos, los centros donde se formaron, las materias científicas cultivadas, su ocupación o profesión, y su actitud política frente al gobierno afrancesado.
La huella de Proust: el laboratorio de Química del Museo de Historia Natural
Authors: Puerto Sarmiento F. Javier
Published: October 2020

Los resultados de la docencia de Luis José Proust (1754-1826) en España, han estado sometidos durante casi un siglo a una fuerte polémica, enmarañada con la de la Ciencia española y con las distintas valoraciones efectuadas por ideologías diversas de la Ilustración española. En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre el estado actual de la cuestión, se estudia la influencia de Proust en la Química española del s. XIX y la continuidad material dé su laboratorio en diversos centros de enseñanza, hasta fundarse la Cátedra de Química de la Universidad Central.
La institucionalización de los estudios antropológicos en Cuba (1875-1903)
Authors: Hernández González Pablo J. , Masiques Sánchez Esteban
Published: October 2020

El trabajo se centra en una descripción de los principales temas que atrajeron la atención de los miembros de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Cuba y de la Sociedad Antropológica de la Isla de Cuba. A esto se agregan datos referidos a la constitución de las primeras colecciones arqueológicas y a la fundación de museos, así como a la realización de expediciones científicas para reconocer áreas de interés arqueológico y colectar materiales para dichos museos. Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto acerca de los estudios antropológicos en Cuba —en particular de la figura de Luis Montané Dardé— durante el pasado siglo.
Significación histórica de La rétine des Vertébrés de Santiago Ramón y Cajal: Síntesis de su primera etapa investigadora
Authors: Baratas Díaz Luis Alfredo
Published: October 2020

La retina fue uno de los objetos de estudio preferentes en la primera etapa de la obra científica de Ramón y Cajal. Como culminación de sus trabajos previos, Cajal publicó en 1893 en La Cellule un artículo titulado «La rétine des Vertébrés», en el que se aprecian las influencias más significativas que pesaron sobre su obra. Este trabajo sobre la retina ilustra perfectamente su capacidad para el estudio sistemático de los tipos celulares de los centros nerviosos, su descripción morfológica y los contactos intercelulares, así como para formular interpretaciones fisiológicas coherentes con las observaciones e hipótesis plausibles sobre el desarrollo de las expansiones neuronales. Finalmente, se realizan algunos comentarios sobre la influencia del pensamiento evolucionista de Haeckel y Herbert Spencer sobre la obra de Ramón y Cajal.
Anarquismo y evolucionismo: Ricardo Mella, la coacción del grupo social y la creación «sociobiológica» del hombre nuevo
Authors: Girón Sierra Alvaro
Published: October 2020

Uno de los problemas básicos que enfrentaron los teóricos anarquistas fue el de la organización de una sociedad futura sin Estado y sin sistema legal. La solución solía pasar por la internalización por parte de los individuos de lo que podríamos llamar buena conducta. En el caso español el anarquista gallego Ricardo Mella afrontó la cuestión apoyándose en la ética evolucionista de Herbert Spencer. En su caso, la creación del «hombre nuevo» —requerido por la sociedad futura— es una creación «sociobiológica» posibilitada por la aplicación del mecanismo lamarckiano al universo social.
RSS-based Indoor Positioning Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: El Abkari Safae , Jilbab Abdelilah , El Mhamdi Jamal
Published: October 2020

Indoor Positioning has come under the spotlight in the last decade due to the increasing of location-based services demands. RSS Wi-Fi based positioning using the fingerprinting technique is widely used due to its low hardware requirements and simplicity. However, multi-path and fading cause random fluctuations of collected RSS values which affects the positioning accuracy. For this purpose, we propose an indoor positioning system based on RSS and convolutional neural network. This approach aims to improve accuracy by reducing the noise and the randomness of collected RSS values from a wireless sensor network. We implemented and evaluated our system using a single floor and multi-grid dataset. Our proposed approach provides a room and grid prediction accuracies of 100% and a mean error of location estimation of 0.98 m.
Effect of adding dexmedetomidine or remifentanil to thiopental in patients with mood disorder candidate for electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Heidarbeigi Faezeh , Jamilian Hamidreza , Alaghemand Anita , Kamali Alireza
Published: October 2020

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the appropriate treatments for many neuropsychiatric patients, especially those with mood disorders. Short-term complications of ECT include agitation and postictal. In this study, we compared the addition of dexmedetomidine or remifentanil to thiopental as the main anaesthetic used in ECT. In this double-blind randomised clinical trial, 90 patients with mood disorders (candidates for ECT) were divided into two groups based on their therapy: dexmedetomidine or remifentanil. In the first group (DG), patients were slowly injected intravenously with 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine before induction of anesthesia. In the second group (GR), 100 μg of remifentanil was slowly injected intravenously.In addition, we collected demographic information such as respiratory rate, heart pulse rate, seizure time, mean of arterial blood pressure, recovery duration and the oxygen arterial saturation recorded after recovery. Data obtained were analysed by use of statistical software, SPSS-23. The mean age of both groups was approximately 37 years with the majority being men. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex, blood pressure, heart rate, duration of seizures and arterial oxygen saturation before ECT. The mean blood pressure and heart rate in the recovery group were lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the remifentanil group and the hemodynamics in the dexmedetomidine group were more stable. The recovery time in the dexmedetomidine group was longer than that of the remifentanil group (p = 0.001). Both groups had approximately the same satisfaction and the rate of agitation after ECT was the same. Both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants lead to a decrease in patients' post-ECT hyperdynamic responses. In our study, we demonstrated that the effect of dexmedetomidine is greater than remifentanil. On the other hand, neither dexmedetomidine nor remifentanil had a negative effect on seizure duration, but dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged recovery time, when compared to remifentanil.
Massive ductal aneurysm in an asymptomatic child with Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Authors: Siddiqui Saira , Polanco Antonio , DiLorenzo Michael P , Shah Amee , Snyder Michael , Dietz Harry , Bacha Emile , Farooqi Kanwal Majeed
Published: October 2020

An asymptomatic 3-year-old with Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) followed for a small patent ductus arteriosus and dilated aorta was found to have a massive ductal aneurysm on routine surveillance cardiac magnetic resonance. The aneurysm was successfully resected. Serial advanced imaging tools are useful in surveillance, diagnosis, and management in patients with LDS.
Proboscis lateralis with cleft lip and palate and its surgical management
Authors: Reddy Srinivas Gosla , Sahu Megha
Published: October 2020

Proboscis lateralis (PL) is an uncommon facial abnormality presented as soft tubular structure with most often originating from the medial canthal region. PL is an ideal choice for heminose reconstruction, provided started at a younger age. This multiphase treatment implements the planning of cartilaginous supports in the late teenage. A 6-year-old female patient diagnosed with PL, conjoined with craniofacial deformities such as cleft lip and palate is discussed in this case report.
Vitrectomy and manipulation of intraocular and arterial pressures for the treatment of nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Okonkwo Ogugua Ndubuisi , Hassan Adekunle Olubola , Akanbi Toyin , Umeh Victor Chukwuebuka , Ogunbekun Oladapo Oluwadamilola
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe a surgical technique and report the functional outcome of treating nonarteritic central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in 2 eyes of two consecutive male patients. Two males (A) and (B) presented 6 days and few hours, respectively, after symptom onset with the clinical features typical of CRAO, including sudden severe deterioration of vision to counting fingers and a cherry-red spot in the left and right fovea, respectively. While A had been on recent treatment for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, B had no significant medical history. Both patients underwent surgery, A, 9 days, and B, <15 h after symptom onset. Surgery involved a vitrectomy, lowering of intraocular pressure (<3 mmHg), and gradual increase of arterial pressure to 165/100 mmHg (through the slow injection of intravenous adrenaline). Intraoperatively, this resulted in immediate perfusion and visible dilation of the blood-filled central retinal artery (CRA) and retinal arteriolar network and dilatation of the central retinal vein. The final vision settled to 6/60 in A and 6/36+1 in B. Although preoperative macular infarction persisted in both eyes as demonstrated by optical coherence tomography angiography, both patients claim a convincing subjective visual benefit. The procedure appeared to have positively changed the natural history of the disease in both eyes. Vitrectomy with the manipulation of intraocular and arterial pressures significantly increases ocular perfusion along the entire CRA, which can dislodge CRA thrombo-emboli and has the potential to restore retinal perfusion and improve visual outcome if undertaken before irreversible retina damage. This is a relatively straightforward technique and should join the list of surgical techniques for treating CRAO.
Clinical characteristics of morning glory disc anomaly in South India
Authors: Kumar Jayant , Adenuga Olukorede O. , Singh Kritika , Ahuja Ashish A. , Kannan Naresh B. , Ramasamy Kim
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

Reports of morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) in India have mostly been case reports. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients with MGDA in South India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with MGDA seen at a tertiary eye hospital in South India over a period of 8 years was carried out. The patients' demographic and clinical data were extracted from the case files and were entered into Epi Info reporting software version 7.2.3.0 and then analyzed.

RESULTS:

There were 51 eyes of 44 patients with MGDA comprised 25 (56.8%) males and 19 (43.2%) females. Seven (15.9%) patients had bilateral MGDA. The mean age for females was 5.8 years (standard deviation [SD]: 5.8) and for males, 11.2 years (SD: 12.1). This difference was not statistically significant with a P = 0.07. The most common ocular associations were strabismus, refractive error, and retinal detachment, whereas the most common systemic associations were cleft lip and cleft palate. Fifty-one percent of eyes were blind at presentation.

CONCLUSION:

Patients with MGDA in India tend to present late with poor visual prognosis. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of blinding complications are crucial in reducing the risk of irreversible visual loss. Associated systemic abnormalities highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of patients with this condition.
Historia rozwoju Republiki Rzymskiej według Polibiusza
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Ceglarska Anna
Published: October 2020

History of the rise of the Roman Republic as described by Polybius The aim of this article is to refer Polybius’s political theory, included in Book VI of The Histories, to the history of the rise of the Roman Republic. This theme must have been particularly significant for Polybius. For him, Rome was the most perfect example of a mixed government system, and the aim of describing its history was to show the development of this perfect system. The article presents the mutual relation of theory and history, starting with the period of kingship, up to the emergence of the democratic element, i.e. the moment when Rome acquired the mixed system of government. Both the political and social contexts of the changes are outlined. The analysis suggests that Polybius related his political theory to the history of the state he admired, thus providing the theory with actual foundations. Reconstructing his analysis makes it possible to see the history of Rome in a different light, and to ponder the system itself and its decline, even though the main objective of both Polybius and this article is to present its development.
Akcje polskich spółek akcyjnych w XVIII wieku – analiza historycznoprawna, część II
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Suski Piotr
Published: October 2020

Shares of Polish joint stock companies in the 18th century – historical and legal analysis, part II The paper analyses the legal construction of the shares of Polish public companies in the 18th century. The analysis relied on the statutes and documents referring to the shares. The Woolen Products Manufacturing Company founded in 1766 should be considered the first Polish public company. Before 1795, i.e. before the Third Partition of the country and the subsequent lost of independence, there had been established as many as seven companies of that type. The surviving projects of statutes show that there were plans for founding several other companies. The period in which the first Polish companies functioned was short and most of them were dissolved within a few years after they had been founded. This was partly due to the difficulties in collecting the capital fund. The preserved source materials allow for an analysis of the legal nature and function performed by the shares in the construction of these companies. In the second part of the paper the author focuses on the nature of shares as a bundle of shareholder rights and as securities. Shares of Polish public companies in the 18th century conferred upon their holders a number of rights such as, for example, the right to participate in the profits of the company or the right to vote at the shareholders’ meetings. Some of the preserved statutes provided for restrictions on exercising shareholders’ rights (e.g. voting rights), however, the scope of these rights was similar to the scope defined by present-day regulations. The shares of the first Polish public companies may also be attributed the nature of transferable security. The analysis of methods of transferring them as well as methods of affirming the status of a shareholder indicates that the character of 18th-century shares was similar to that of registered shares.
Libri Feudorum und Ihr Ort in der Mittelalterlichen Rechtsgeschichte
Authors:   Západočeská univerzita v Plzni (Uniwersytet Zachodnioczeski w Pilznie) Univerzitní ul., č. orientační 8, č.p. 2732, 306 14 Plzeň, Česká republika, Černý Miroslav
Published: October 2020

Libri Feudorum and Their Meaning in the Medieval Legal History Feudal Law, that was originally divided and fragmented like the entire medieval feudal world in which the law was created from disparate sources, gradually found its stable place alongside rediscovered Roman law and the newly organized canon law. At first, between 1154 and 1158, Obertus dall'Orto, a consul in Milan and expert of practical application of feudal law, wrote two letters to his son, Anselm, in which he summed up the elements of feudal law. This version is known as „Compilatio antiqua”. Around 1240 he was followed by Jacopo d’Ardizzone who wrote Summa feudorum. The last work called the Vulgate or Accursiana, that was divided into two books, was then incorporated in the most privileged place, right in the glossed Justinian legislation, behind the Novellae as the tenth amendment: Collatio. The subjects of these books included feudal relations between individual persons, a description of the investiture, different kinds of fiefs and the possibility of inheriting them. However, while Roman law of glossators was beginning its second life, feudal law represented rather the type of social relationships that (emptied from its original content) was coming to an end.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GIANT SURINAM TOAD, BUFO MARINUS L.
Authors: Seín Francisco
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
THE MOSQUITOES OF PUERTO RICO
Authors: Tulloch George S.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to report the results of mosquito investigations in Puerto Rico during the period July 5, 1935, to June 1, 1936. These investigations were carried on with special funds available to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for studies on insects of Puerto Rico. They were under the technical direction of the Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, and conducted in cooperation with the Federal Experiment Station at Mayagüez, where headquarters for the investigations were located. Mayagüez is situated in a region of heavy rainfall, and its proximity to the mountainous regions at Maricao and the extremely dry arid region on the southern coast made it a convenient center from which to study mosquitoes under various ecological conditions.
THE IMPORTATION OF COCCINELLID ENEMIES OF DIASPINE SCALES INTO PUERTO RICO
Authors: Dohanian S. M.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MYCOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA, MEXICO AND THE WEST INDIES
Authors: Otero José I. , Cook Melville T.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
TWO INSECTS NEW TO PUERTO RICO: THE LYCID BEETLE, THONALMUS CHEVROLATI BOURGEOIS, AND THE EPHYDRID FLY, EPHYDRA GRACILIS PACKARD
Authors: Wolcott George N. , Martorell Luis F.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
PUGILLUS FUNGORUM VENEZUELENSIS
Authors: Toro Rafael A.
Published: October 2020

Since the publication of Chardon & Toro's Mycological Explorations of Venezuela, in which the number of known species of Venezuelan fungi was raised to a little over 1100, there have appeared a few short papers dealing with this subject. Sydow adds seven new species in a revision and addition to his former Fungi Venezuelani; the author adds three, and Kern, four, in their respective reports of the expedition of Kern, and Toro in 1934. Linder presents the results of his studies of several members of the Imperfecti collected by Chardon & Toro in 1932. The present paper represents an attempt to identify some of the specimens which were collected in the course of the several trips to Venezuela.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUES OF SOME FORAGE CROPS OF PUERTO RICO I. Grasses
Authors: Axtmayer Joseph H. , Rivera-Hernández G. , Cook D. H.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUES OF SOME FORAGE CROPS OF PUERTO RICO
Authors: Axtmayer Joseph H. , Rivera Hernández G. , Cook D. H.
Published: October 2020

The data for a total of seventeen digestion trials with sheep receiving grasses, legumes, two mixtures of these, and low protein synthetic mixtures as sole rations are reported. The biological values for the proteins of the cow pea increase as the plant passes from the just before blooming stage through the full bloom to the full pod stages of maturities. The biological values for proteins are also higher for the grasses than for the legumes when fed singly. The grasses studied during the last three years can be arranged in the following order of decreasing net-protein values: Guinea, Merker, Para, Elephant, Guatemala and Yaraguá. The nutritive ratio for the Yaraguá grass is very wide due to the low digestible protein, as is shown in the data. Alfalfa hay yields more total digestible nutrients, more crude fiber and more ether soluble extract than any of the other legumes studied. The percentage intake of protein stored is greater with a mixture of Merker grass and pigeon pea than when the grass is fed alone. The vitamin A activities of some grasses and legumes are reported.
THE EFFECT OF pH AND OE CERTAIN MINOR ELEMENTS ON THE GROWTH OE PINEAPPLES IN WATER CULTURES
Authors: Schappelle N. A.
Published: October 2020

1. A pH value of 4.0 to 4.5 was found to be favorable for the growth of the pineapple plant in water cultures. 2. At pH values above 5.0 chlorosis became increasingly severe. 3. The higher pH values promoted excellent root development while those below 4.0 caused a short, stubby root system. 4. Manganese and zinc tended to cause chlorosis which is due to the nonfunctioning of iron in the plant. 5. Aluminum and boron tended to counteract the effect of the manganese and zinc and tended to cause a normal condition of the pineapple plants. 6. Copper added at the rate of 2 p.p.m. controlled a root fungus that caused stunting of the pineapple plants. 7. No correlation between pH value or minor element composition and gummosis of the fruit could be determined.
A NEW METHOD OF PERFORMING FIELD TRIALS
Authors: Capó Bernardo G.
Published: October 2020

A new method of performing field experiments with relatively small numbers of treatments is described. The requirement to be fulfilled by the layouts of such field tests is specified and examples of possible designs for a 5-treatment experiment are illustrated. The theory of the procedure of calculation is discussed and a numerical example of said calculations is furnished in connection with the interpretation of a fertilizer experiment performed with cotton.
EFFECT OF LIME AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD OF FOUR LEGUMINOSAE IN TWO ACID SOILS OF PUERTO RICO
Authors: Bonnet J. A. , Telford E. A. , Mariota F. , Tirado Sulsona P.
Published: October 2020

The effect of lime and phosphorus on the yields of velvet beans, crotalaria, cowpeas, and soybeans, is presented for eight crops harvested in the acid soil types Fajardo Clay and Catalina Clay, of Puerto Rico. Data for distances of plantings, age of crops, green and dry-weight yields for each of two consecutive crops of the leguminosae in each of four fields, and for the mean dry-weight yields of all crops are presented. Analysis for the total sum of squared deviations of the dry weight for the various crops, is also presented and discussed. Velvet beans, the highest yielder, gave, in the absence or presence of lime and phosphorus, mean green weights of 83.5 and 110.0 hundredweights per acre, respectively, equivalent to mean dry weights of 17.4 and 22.6 hundred weights per acre.
La teología del pueblo y la teoría populista: una comparación entre Scannone y Laclau
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Salinas Alejandra ,   Argentina
Published: October 2020

La teología de Juan Carlos Scannone y la teoría de Ernesto Laclau conciben al pueblo como la unidad principal de análisis y el protagonista de la vida política. En su visión el pueblo es el conjunto de los oprimidos por ciertos sectores sociales y por el capitalismo global. La tarea evangélica en Scannone y el proyecto político en Laclau invocan la necesidad de liberar al pueblo de sus opresores, para lo cual Scannone defiende un modelo de pueblo auto-organizado y Laclau propone construir una hegemonía populista bajo el mando de un líder. Este trabajo ofrece una lectura comparativa de sus escritos desde un ángulo teórico-político: la primera parte resume las raíces históricas e intelectuales, y la segunda parte aborda la metodología empleada, los sujetos políticos, la visión de la justicia y las instituciones, y sus críticas al marxismo y al liberalismo
La fecunditat segons la diferència educativa i laboral entre cònjuges: tant hi fa?
Authors: Bueno Xiana , García-Román Joan
Published: October 2020

La posició de les dones en la societat ha canviat i, amb ella, la composició de les parelles. En la majoria de societats desenvolupades ha augmentat la participació laboral femenina i el nivell educatiu de les dones superant, aquest darrer, a l'observat entre la població masculina. Com a conseqüència, s'han generalitzat les parelles en les que tots dos membres treballen i han augmentat aquelles en les que la dona és l'única persona ocupada. En aquest número de Perspectives Demogràfiques ens preguntem, pel cas d’Espanya com incideix la diferència educativa i laboral entre els cònjuges sobre la fecunditat de les parelles. Els resultats indiquen que són les parelles més ben posicionades (amb estudis, on tots dos treballen i tenen estabilitat laboral), les que tenen més probabilitats d’arribar a la desitjada "parelleta". Quan hi ha diferències entre cònjuges, observem que, més que l'educació, la importància rau en l'estabilitat laboral, i així, són aquelles parelles on la dona té una millor posició laboral que l'home, i no al revés, les que amb més facilitat decideixen augmentar la família.
Fertility Trends by Educational and Employment Gap between Partners: It’s All the Same?
Authors: Bueno Xiana , García-Román Joan
Published: October 2020

The position of women in society has changed and, with that, the composition of couples. In most societies of the developed world, women’s presence in the workforce has increased, and they now have a better level of education, which is higher than that observed for the male population. As a result, there is a generalised presence of couples in which both partners work, and also more in which the woman is the only employed partner. In this issue of Perspectives Demogràfiques we explore the question of how educational and employment differences between spouses affects the fertility of couples in Spain. The results indicate that the best positioned couples (with a good education, both working, and with job stability) are those most likely to achieve the “pigeon pair”. When there are differences between the spouses, we observe that, rather than education, the main factor is job stability. Hence, it is the couples where the woman has a better job than the man, and not vice versa, that more easily decide to increase the family.
LIMITES DO PODER DE FISCALIZAÇÃO: IDENTIFICAÇÃO E CONTROLE
Authors: Maldonado Luciano Burti
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a identificação dos limites do poder de fiscalização e, desta forma, a construção do conceito de abuso do poder de fiscalização à luz dos arts. 195 e 196 do Código Tributário Nacional e da jurisprudência, bem como definir a melhor estratégia processual para combatê-lo.
A TELEOLOGIA DOS JUROS SOBRE O CAPITAL PRÓPRIO E A INTERPRETAÇÃO DOS LIMITES À SUA DEDUTIBILIDADE
Authors: Galendi Júnior Ricardo André
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo oferece uma perspectiva sistemático-teleológica a respeito do regime jurídico-tributário dos juros sobre o capital próprio (JCP) no direito brasileiro. A partir da literatura de finanças corporativas, identifica-se o viés de financiamento por dívida, inerente ao imposto de renda das pessoas jurídicas, demonstrando-se de que maneira os JCP foram concebidos para mitigá-lo. A finalidade última do presente artigo é orientar a interpretação dos dispositivos que lhe são aplicáveis. Em particular, o presente artigo contribui para que se compreenda devidamente a possibilidade de dedução de JCP de exercícios anteriores, que tem sido distorcida pela jurisprudência administrativa, inobstante os corretos posicionamentos do Judiciário a respeito da matéria.