bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coding Systems for Clinical Decision Support: Theoretical and Real-World Comparative Analysis
Authors: Delvaux Nicolas , Vaes Bert , Aertgeerts Bert , Van de Velde Stijn , Vander Stichele Robert , Nyberg Peter , Vermandere Mieke
Published: October 2020

Background

Effective clinical decision support systems require accurate translation of practice recommendations into machine-readable artifacts; developing code sets that represent clinical concepts are an important step in this process. Many clinical coding systems are currently used in electronic health records, and it is unclear whether all of these systems are capable of efficiently representing the clinical concepts required in executing clinical decision support systems.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate which clinical coding systems are capable of efficiently representing clinical concepts that are necessary for translating artifacts into executable code for clinical decision support systems.

Methods

Two methods were used to evaluate a set of clinical coding systems. In a theoretical approach, we extracted all the clinical concepts from 3 preventive care recommendations and constructed a series of code sets containing codes from a single clinical coding system. In a practical approach using data from a real-world setting, we studied the content of 1890 code sets used in an internationally available clinical decision support system and compared the usage of various clinical coding systems.

Results

SNOMED CT and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) proved to be the most accurate clinical coding systems for most concepts in our theoretical evaluation. In our practical evaluation, we found that International Classification of Diseases (Tenth Revision) was most often used to construct code sets. Some coding systems were very accurate in representing specific types of clinical concepts, for example, LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) for investigation results and ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification) for drugs.

Conclusions

No single coding system seems to fulfill all the needs for representing clinical concepts for clinical decision support systems. Comprehensiveness of the coding systems seems to be offset by complexity and forms a barrier to usability for code set construction. Clinical vocabularies mapped to multiple clinical coding systems could facilitate clinical code set construction.
Using mHealth to Provide Mobile App Users With Visualization of Health Checkup Data and Educational Videos on Lifestyle-Related Diseases: Methodological Framework for Content Development
Authors: Aida Azusa , Svensson Thomas , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Urushiyama Hirokazu , Okushin Kazuya , Oguri Gaku , Kubota Naoto , Koike Kazuhiko , Nangaku Masaomi , Kadowaki Takashi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Chung Ung-Il
Published: October 2020

Background

The number of people with lifestyle-related diseases continues to increase worldwide. Improving lifestyle behavior with health literacy may be the key to address lifestyle-related diseases. The delivery of educational videos using mobile health (mHealth) services can replace the conventional way of educating individuals, and visualization can replace the provision of health checkup data.

Objective

This paper aimed to describe the development of educational content for MIRAMED, a mobile app aimed at improving users’ lifestyle behaviors and health literacy for lifestyle-related diseases.

Methods

All videos were based on a single unified framework to provide users with a consistent flow of information. The framework was later turned into a storyboard. The final video contents were created based on this storyboard and further discussions with leading experts and specialist physicians on effective communication with app users about lifestyle-related diseases.

Results

The app uses visualization of personal health checkup data and educational videos on lifestyle-related diseases based on the current health guidelines, scientific evidence, and expert opinions of leading specialist physicians in the respective fields. A total of 8 videos were created for specific lifestyle-related diseases affecting 8 organs: (1) brain–cerebrovascular disorder, (2) eyes–diabetic retinopathy, (3) lungs–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (4) heart–ischemic heart disease, (5) liver–fatty liver, (6) kidneys–chronic kidney disease (diabetic kidney disease), (7) blood vessels–peripheral arterial disease, and (8) nerves–diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusions

Providing enhanced mHealth education using novel digital technologies to visualize conventional health checkup data and lifestyle-related diseases is an innovative strategy. Future studies to evaluate the efficacy of the developed content are planned.
Quantifying Public Interest in Police Reforms by Mining Internet Search Data Following George Floyd’s Death
Authors: Ayers John W , Althouse Benjamin M , Poliak Adam , Leas Eric C , Nobles Alicia L , Dredze Mark , Smith Davey
Published: October 2020

Background

The death of George Floyd while in police custody has resurfaced serious questions about police conduct that result in the deaths of unarmed persons.

Objective

Data-driven strategies that identify and prioritize the public’s needs may engender a public health response to improve policing. We assessed how internet searches indicative of interest in police reform changed after Mr Floyd’s death.

Methods

We monitored daily Google searches (per 10 million total searches) that included the terms “police” and “reform(s)” (eg, “reform the police,” “best police reforms,” etc) originating from the United States between January 1, 2010, through July 5, 2020. We also monitored searches containing the term “police” with “training,” “union(s),” “militarization,” or “immunity” as markers of interest in the corresponding reform topics.

Results

The 41 days following Mr Floyd’s death corresponded with the greatest number of police “reform(s)” searches ever recorded, with 1,350,000 total searches nationally. Searches increased significantly in all 50 states and Washington DC. By reform topic, nationally there were 1,220,000 total searches for “police” and “union(s)”; 820,000 for “training”; 360,000 for “immunity”; and 72,000 for “militarization.” In terms of searches for all policy topics by state, 33 states searched the most for “training,” 16 for “union(s),” and 2 for “immunity.” States typically in the southeast had fewer queries related to any police reform topic than other states. States that had a greater percentage of votes for President Donald Trump during the 2016 election searched more often for police “union(s)” while states favoring Secretary Hillary Clinton searched more for police “training.”

Conclusions

The United States is at a historical juncture, with record interest in topics related to police reform with variability in search terms across states. Policy makers can respond to searches by considering the policies their constituencies are searching for online, notably police training and unions. Public health leaders can respond by engaging in the subject of policing and advocating for evidence-based policy reforms.
Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Ancestry Testing in Clinical Encounters: Perspectives From Psychotherapy Cases
Authors: Rubanovich Caryn Kseniya , Zhang Wendy , Bloss Cinnamon S
Published: October 2020

Despite the fact that direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic ancestry testing (GAT) has been available for two decades, there is a lack of evidence-based guidance for clinicians who may work with patients who raise the topic of DTC-GAT. Although DTC-GAT accounts for the majority of the DTC genetic testing marketplace, it has received less attention than health-related testing from scientific and clinical communities. Importantly, however, from our personal experience, patients have been raising the topic of DTC-GAT in clinical encounters, including psychotherapy sessions. In this viewpoint, we present two cases of patients seen by two of the authors to raise awareness of this issue. We describe the implications of DTC-GAT for patients and clinicians, offer recommendations, and suggest future directions.
Coding Systems for Clinical Decision Support: Theoretical and Real-World Comparative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Delvaux Nicolas , Vaes Bert , Aertgeerts Bert , Van de Velde Stijn , Vander Stichele Robert , Nyberg Peter , Vermandere Mieke
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Effective clinical decision support systems require accurate translation of practice recommendations into machine-readable artifacts; developing code sets that represent clinical concepts are an important step in this process. Many clinical coding systems are currently used in electronic health records, and it is unclear whether all of these systems are capable of efficiently representing the clinical concepts required in executing clinical decision support systems.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate which clinical coding systems are capable of efficiently representing clinical concepts that are necessary for translating artifacts into executable code for clinical decision support systems.

METHODS

Two methods were used to evaluate a set of clinical coding systems. In a theoretical approach, we extracted all the clinical concepts from 3 preventive care recommendations and constructed a series of code sets containing codes from a single clinical coding system. In a practical approach using data from a real-world setting, we studied the content of 1890 code sets used in an internationally available clinical decision support system and compared the usage of various clinical coding systems.

RESULTS

SNOMED CT and ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) proved to be the most accurate clinical coding systems for most concepts in our theoretical evaluation. In our practical evaluation, we found that International Classification of Diseases (Tenth Revision) was most often used to construct code sets. Some coding systems were very accurate in representing specific types of clinical concepts, for example, LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes) for investigation results and ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification) for drugs.

CONCLUSIONS

No single coding system seems to fulfill all the needs for representing clinical concepts for clinical decision support systems. Comprehensiveness of the coding systems seems to be offset by complexity and forms a barrier to usability for code set construction. Clinical vocabularies mapped to multiple clinical coding systems could facilitate clinical code set construction.
The Impact of Reducing the Number of Wearable Devices on Measuring Gait in Parkinson Disease: Noninterventional Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Czech Matthew , Demanuele Charmaine , Erb Michael Kelley , Ramos Vesper , Zhang Hao , Ho Bryan , Patel Shyamal
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Measuring free-living gait using wearable devices may offer higher granularity and temporal resolution than the current clinical assessments for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, increasing the number of devices worn on the body adds to the patient burden and impacts the compliance.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the impact of reducing the number of wearable devices on the ability to assess gait impairments in patients with PD.

METHODS

A total of 35 volunteers with PD and 60 healthy volunteers performed a gait task during 2 clinic visits. Participants with PD were assessed in the On and Off medication state using the Movement Disorder Society version of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Gait features derived from a single lumbar-mounted accelerometer were compared with those derived using 3 and 6 wearable devices for both participants with PD and healthy participants.

RESULTS

A comparable performance was observed for predicting the MDS-UPDRS gait score using longitudinal mixed-effects model fit with gait features derived from a single (root mean square error [RMSE]=0.64; R2=0.53), 3 (RMSE=0.64; R2=0.54), and 6 devices (RMSE=0.54; R2=0.65). In addition, MDS-UPDRS gait scores predicted using all 3 models differed significantly between On and Off motor states (single device, P=.004; 3 devices, P=.004; 6 devices, P=.045).

CONCLUSIONS

We observed a marginal benefit in using multiple devices for assessing gait impairments in patients with PD when compared with gait features derived using a single lumbar-mounted accelerometer. The wearability burden associated with the use of multiple devices may offset gains in accuracy for monitoring gait under free-living conditions.

CLINICALTRIAL
African American Emerging Adult Perspectives on Unintended Pregnancy and Meeting Their Needs With Mobile Technology: Mixed Methods Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ingram Lucy Annang , Stafford Crystal , McCollum Quentin , Isreal McKenzie
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

In the United States, a disproportionate number of unintended pregnancies occur among African Americans, particularly those in their later teenage years and early 20s. Mobile technology is becoming more ubiquitous as a method for health promotion; however, relatively little research has been done with this population to determine their perspectives about unintended pregnancy, the potential of successfully using mobile technology to prevent unintended pregnancy, and the content of such programs.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to obtain the perspectives of African American emerging adults about unintended pregnancy and the use of mobile technology to reduce unintended pregnancy rates.

METHODS

Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 83 African Americans, aged 18-21 years. Data were analyzed using an open coding process. Emergent codes were then added as needed, and themes and subthemes were identified.

RESULTS

Participants cited the social environment and lack of education as primary reasons for disproportionate rates of unintended pregnancy. They noted that unintended pregnancy is an important issue and that they desire more sexual health information. They enthusiastically supported mobile technology as a means to communicate unintended pregnancy prevention programming and offered many suggestions for program content, look, and feel.

CONCLUSIONS

Young and emerging adult African Americans want and need sexual health resources, and a mobile-based platform could be widely accepted and address needs to lower disproportionate rates of unintended pregnancy. An essential next step is to use these findings to inform the development of a mobile-based unintended pregnancy prevention and sexual health program prototype to determine feasibility.
Impact of Web-Based Self-Scheduling on Finalization of Well-Child Appointments in a Primary Care Setting: Retrospective Comparison Study (Preprint)
Authors: North Frederick , Nelson Elissa M , Majerus Rebecca J , Buss Rebecca J , Thompson Matthew C , Crum Brian A
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Web-booking of flights, hotels, and sports events has become commonplace in the travel and entertainment industry, but self-scheduling of health care appointments on the web is not yet widely used. An electronic health record that integrates appointment scheduling and patient web-based access to medical records creates an opportunity for patient self-scheduling. The Mayo Clinic developed and implemented a feature in its Patient Online Services (POS) web and mobile platform that allows software-managed self-scheduling of well-child visits.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine the use of a new self-scheduling appointment feature within POS in both web and mobile formats and determine the use characteristics, outcomes, and efficiency of self-scheduling compared with staff scheduling.

METHODS

Within a primary care setting, we collected 13 months of all appointment activity for the well-child visit for children aged 2-12 years. As these specific appointment types are for minors, self-scheduling is performed by parents or other proxies. We compared the appointment actions of scheduling and cancelling for both self-scheduled and staff-scheduled appointments. The frequency in which patients were using self-scheduling outside of normal business hours was quantified, and we compared no-show outcomes of finalized appointments.

RESULTS

Of the 1099 patients who performed any self-scheduling actions, 73.1% (803/1099) exclusively used self-scheduling and self-cancelling software. For those with access to self-scheduling (patients registered with the Mayo Clinic POS), 4.92% (1201/24,417) of all well-child appointment-scheduling actions were self-scheduled. Staff scheduling required more than a single appointment step (eg, schedule, cancel, reschedule) in 28.32% (3729/13,168) compared with only 6.93% (53/765) of self-scheduled appointments (P<.001). Self-scheduling appointment actions took place outside of regular business hours 29.5% (354/1201) of the time. No-shows accounted for 3.07% (28/912) of the self-scheduled finalized appointments compared with 4.12% (693/16,828) of staff-scheduled appointments, which is a nonsignificant difference (P=.12). Staff-scheduled finalized appointments (that allowed for scheduling appointments for more than 12 weeks in the future) revealed a potential demand of 11.15% (1876/16,828) for appointments with longer lead times.

CONCLUSIONS

Self-scheduling can generate a significant number of finalized appointments, decreasing the need for staff scheduler time. We found that 29.5% (354/1201) of the self-scheduling activity took place outside of the usual staff scheduler hours, adding convenience value to the scheduling process. For exclusive self-schedulers, 93.1% (712/765) finalized the appointment in a single step. The no-show rates were not adversely affected by the self-scheduling.
Auricular Vagus Nerve Acupressure for Patients with Emotional Distress under the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Smartphone-based, Randomized，Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Rong Peijing , Wang Lei , Yu Lingling , Wang Junying , Ma Yan , Wang Liting , Li Suxia , Tang Chunzhi , Lu Liming , Lu Liming , Li Liang , Dong Jiazi , Fang Jiliang , Hou Liwei , Qin Zongshi , Su Xiaolan , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Zhangjin
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

The global spread of the 2019 coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) has caused emotional distress. However, whether auricular vagus nerve acupressure (AVNA) is effective in improving emotional distress under the COVID-19 has not been well-documented.

OBJECTIVE

To confirm whether AVNA is effective in improving emotional distress under the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A smartphone-based online, randomized, controlled trial was designed in four study sites, including Wuhan, Beijing, Shenyang, and Guangzhou of China, from 26 February 2020 to 28 April 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to three times of AVNA (n = 191) or usual care (UC, n = 215) for 14 days. The primary outcome was the response rate, which was the proportion of participants whose Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score reduced from baseline by ≥ 50%. The assessment was conducted at baseline, 3 days, and 14 days.

RESULTS

The AVNA group had a markedly higher response rate than the UC group at 3 days (35.6% vs. 24.9%, P = 0.02) and at 14 days (70.7% vs. 60.6%, P = 0.02). The AVNA group showed significantly greater reduction in score of HADS at the two measurement points and BAI at 3 days (P ≤ 0.03), with average respective effect size of 0.217 and 0.195. Participants with AVNA spent less time falling asleep and rated their sleep quality being remarkably higher than those with UC at endpoint.

CONCLUSIONS

AVNA can be recommended for patients with emotional distress under the current COVID-19 pandemic and other emergent events.

CLINICALTRIAL

www.chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2000030078.
Testing a Novel Web-Based Neurocognitive Battery in the General Community: Validation and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Capizzi Riley , Fisher Melissa , Biagianti Bruno , Ghiasi Neelufaer , Currie Ariel , Fitzpatrick Karrie , Albertini Nicholas , Vinogradov Sophia
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

In recent years, there has been increased interest in the development of remote psychological assessments. These platforms increase accessibility and allow clinicians to monitor important health metrics, thereby informing patient-centered treatment.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we report the properties and usability of a new web-based neurocognitive assessment battery and present a normative data set for future use.

METHODS

A total of 781 participants completed a portion of 8 tasks that captured performance in auditory processing, visual-spatial working memory, visual-spatial learning, cognitive flexibility, and emotional processing. A subset of individuals (n=195) completed a 5-question survey measuring the acceptability of the tasks.

RESULTS

Between 252 and 426 participants completed each task. Younger individuals outperformed their older counterparts in 6 of the 8 tasks. Therefore, central tendency data metrics were presented using 7 different age bins. The broad majority of participants found the tasks interesting and enjoyable and endorsed some interest in playing them at home. Only 1 of 195 individuals endorsed not at all for the statement, “I understood the instructions.” Older individuals were less likely to understand the instructions; however, 72% (49/68) of individuals over the age of 60 years still felt that they mostly or very much understood the instructions.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the tasks were found to be widely acceptable to the participants. The use of web-based neurocognitive tasks such as these may increase the ability to deploy precise data-informed interventions to a wider population.

CLINICALTRIAL
Guidelines for Conducting Virtual Cognitive Interviews During a Pandemic (Preprint)
Authors: Shepperd James A , Pogge Gabrielle , Hunleth Jean M , Ruiz Sienna , Waters Erika A
Published: October 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers working in physical contact with research participants. Cognitive interviews examine whether study components (most often questionnaire items) are worded or structured in a manner that allows study participants to interpret the items in a way intended by the researcher. We developed guidelines to conduct cognitive interviews virtually to accommodate interviewees who have limited access to the internet. The guidelines describe the essential communication and safety equipment requirements and outline a procedure for collecting responses while maintaining the safety of the participants and researchers. Furthermore, the guidelines provide suggestions regarding training of participants to use the technology, encouraging them to respond aloud (a potential challenge given that the researcher is not physically present with the participant), and testing and deploying the equipment prior to the interview. Finally, the guidelines emphasize the need to adapt the interview to the circumstances and anticipate potential problems that might arise.
Development of the basic principles of distant teaching of mathematics in middle and high schools
Authors: Zhdanov Alexander A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction and goal. The article dwells upon a topical problem of organizing distant learning, in particular, learning mathematics online. On the basis of literature analysis and analysis of teaching experience the principles of distant teaching of mathematics in middle and high schools were developed. The recommendations on creating effective cooperation of a teacher and learners while teaching online are given. Materials and methods. The identification of approaches to creating principles of teaching mathematics online in middle and high schools was carried out on the basis of analysis of academic literature, experimental teaching and surveying educationalists. Results. The article has practical value for educational institutions: the most popular electronic educational resources and software for teachers of mathematics were analyzed. It is shown how to organize the process of distant learning. The result of the experiment carried out to implement the developed principles of distant learning of mathematics at School No. 1234 (Moscow) are given. Conclusion. The implementation of the developed principles will allow teachers to ensure an effective change from full-time tuition to distant teaching of mathematics in middle and high schools. The rational use of electronic educational resources and software taking into account created recommendations (for example, a principle of basic PC knowledge, principles of completeness, system and interactivity) will allow teachers to optimize their working time without lowering the quality of teaching and interaction with learners.
Security as Part of the System of Value-Semantic Orientations of Russian National Guard Officers: A Case Study of Cadets - Officer Candidates
Authors: Ivanov Mikhail S. , Utyuganov Aleksey A. , Yanitskiy Mikhail S. , Seryi Andrey V.
Published: October 2020

The officers profession is of particular interest to psychology due to its deontological load and the complexity of moral and ethical foundations, when the humanistic orientation towards the protection of people and society presupposes a readiness to use the necessary violence. The study attempts to reveal this dialectic by analysing the content of the personal value-semantic sphere considered by Russian National Guard officers in terms of their professional orientation towards ensuring security. Methodologically, the study is based on the provisions of the value-semantic theory and the emerging theory of the psychology of personal security, according to which security is understood as a special value-semantic dimension that determines the subjects attitude to danger. The purpose of the study is to identify the professional value-semantic orientations of the officers and analyse them in terms of their focus on ensuring security, in the dynamics of their formation in the process of professional training, using the example of officer candidates (cadets) of the Russian National Guard troops, whose activities have clear axiological grounds. The research base comprised all existing military institutes of the Russian National Guard troops. The subjects were cadets ( N = 779). The research methods were non-formalised written surveys, verbalised self-reports on experimental tasks, content analysis, experiment, qualitative analysis, theoretical analysis and methods of mathematical statistics. Based on the results of the study, we could identify the core values of an officer (patriotism, military duty, security of the state and society, responsibility for subordinates, military partnership and tolerance) and describe the motives for choosing a military career and professional ideas about the ideal officer (the prevailing image of a defender, a professional who is able to effectively ensure the safety and defence of the Fatherland). It was found that the value orientations of the officers as well as the sense-making motives for their choosing military careers are closely related to the focus of professional activity on ensuring security. The study showed that, under a purposeful psychological and pedagogical influence, the cadets internally accepted all the highlighted professionally important values. In this case, the value of security was the most sensitive to the influence. In the conclusions, it is noted that the value of security of the state and society is one of the elements of the system of value-semantic orientations of the officers personality, and it is assumed that, since other professional values of the officer are related to security in semantic unity, the professional focus on ensuring security is one of the system-forming foundations of the value-semantic orientations of the officers personality.
The Role of Civic Identity in the Preferences of Civil and Political Forms of Social Activity in Russian Youth
Authors: Shamionov Rail M.
Published: October 2020

Civic identity is an important feature of a socialised person. It regulates numerous personal behavioural manifestations, e.g. commitment to the country, patriotism, willingness to participate in important processes related to democratic procedures, desire to realise values that are of paramount importance for adaptation and integration with other representatives of civil society. The aim of this research is to determine the role of civic identity in the preferences of civil and political forms of social activity among young people in provincial Russia. The study involved 305 people (35.4% men) aged 17 to 35 (M = 21.1; SD = 3.1). The study used a questionnaire aimed at determining the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample group, containing scales for assessing the degree of personal involvement in certain forms of social activity (R.M. Shamionov et al.), Civic Identity Scale (A.N. Tatarko), Self-Assessment of the Propensity for Extreme Risky Behavior Technique (the Russian version of M. Zuckermans Sensation Seeking Scale). The study revealed that the indicators of commitment to protest, radical-protest and subcultural activity are more homogeneous and less pronounced in comparison with the indicators of civic, political and socio-economic activity. As a result of the factor analysis, it was found that civic-political (civic, socio-economic and political) and subcultural-protest (subcultural, protest and radical-protest) forms of activity constitute two stable factors. As a result of structural modelling, it was shown that civic identity has a positive impact on social activity in the civil-political field and a negative impact on subcultural-protest activity. Seeking new experiences plays a positive role in subcultural-protest activity of young people, while the feeling of uncertainty undermines the manifestations of civic-political activity. The study also revealed an important role of socialisation conditions: the participation of parents in the public life of the country contributes to civic-political activity and the formation of civic identity of their children. Civic identity reduces the manifestation of the feeling of uncertainty and the search for new experiences among young people.
Fast O(N) hybrid Laplace transform-finite difference method in solving 2D time fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Salama Fouad Mohammad , Hj. Mohd Ali Norhashidah , Abd Hamid Nur Nadiah
Published: October 2020

It is time-memory consuming when numerically solving time fractional partial differential equations, as it requires O ( N 2 ) computational cost and O ( M N ) memory complexity with finite difference methods, where, N and M are the total number of time steps and spatial grid points, respectively. To surmount this issue, we develop an efficient hybrid method with O ( N ) computational cost and O ( M ) memory complexity in solving two-dimensional time fractional diffusion equation. The presented method is based on the Laplace transform method and a finite difference scheme. The stability and convergence of the proposed method are analyzed rigorously by the means of the Fourier method. A comparative study drawn from numerical experiments shows that the hybrid method is accurate and reduces the computational cost, memory requirement as well as the CPU time effectively compared to a standard finite difference scheme.
Induction of Core Circadian Clock Transcription Factor Bmal1 Enhances β-Cell Function and Protects Against Obesity-Induced Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Rakshit Kuntol , Matveyenko Aleksey V.
Published: October 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by β-cell dysfunction as a result of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Studies show that β-cell circadian clocks are important regulators of GSIS and glucose homeostasis. These observations raise the question about whether enhancement of the circadian clock in β-cells will confer protection against β-cell dysfunction under diabetogenic conditions. To test this, we used an approach by first generating mice with β-cell–specific inducible overexpression of Bmal1 (core circadian transcription factor; β-Bmal1OV). We subsequently examined the effects of β-Bmal1OV on the circadian clock, GSIS, islet transcriptome, and glucose metabolism in the context of diet-induced obesity. We also tested the effects of circadian clock–enhancing small-molecule nobiletin on GSIS in mouse and human control and T2DM islets. We report that β-Bmal1OV mice display enhanced islet circadian clock amplitude and augmented in vivo and in vitro GSIS and are protected against obesity-induced glucose intolerance. These effects were associated with increased expression of purported BMAL1-target genes mediating insulin secretion, processing, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, exposure of isolated islets to nobiletin enhanced β-cell secretory function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. This work suggests therapeutic targeting of the circadian system as a potential strategy to counteract β-cell failure under diabetogenic conditions.
Induction of core circadian clock transcription factor Bmal1 enhances β cell function and protects against obesity-induced glucose intolerance
Authors: Admin Ada , Rakshit Kuntol , Matveyenko Aleksey V.
Published: October 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by β cell dysfunction due to impaired
glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Studies show that β cell circadian
clocks are important regulators of GSIS and glucose homeostasis. These
observations raise the question whether enhancement of the circadian clock in β cells will
confer protection
against β cell dysfunction under diabetogenic conditions. To
test this we employed an approach by first generating mice with β cell-specific
inducible overexpression of Bmal1 (core
circadian transcription factor; β-Bmal1OV). We subsequently
examined the effects of β-Bmal1OV
on the circadian clock, GSIS, islet transcriptome, and glucose metabolism
in context of diet-induced obesity. We additionally tested the effects of circadian
clock-enhancing small molecule Nobiletin on GSIS in mouse and human control and
T2DM islets. We report that β-Bmal1OV
mice display enhanced islet
circadian clock amplitude, augmented in
vivo and in vitro GSIS and are
protected against obesity-induced glucose intolerance. These effects were associated
with increased expression of purported BMAL1-target genes mediating insulin
secretion, processing, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, exposure of isolated
islets to Nobiletin enhanced β cell secretory function in Bmal1-dependent manner. This work suggests therapeutic targeting of
the circadian system as a potential strategy to counteract β cell failure under
diabetogenic conditions.
ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA DENGAN METODE REBA DAN GAMBARAN KELUHAN SUBJEKTIF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) (PADA PEKERJA SENTRA INDUSTRI TAS KENDAL TAHUN 2017)
Authors: Musyarofah Siti , Setiorini Ayu , Mushidah Mushidah , Widjasena Baju
Published: October 2020

Sentra Indutri Tas Kendal merupakan salah satu paguyuban di daerah Kendal yang memproduksi tas, dimana setiap aktivitas kerjanya, pekerja berisiko untuk menderita terjadinya Musculoskeletal Disorder’s (MSDs) terkait dengan masalah ergonomi. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) adalah sebuah metode dalam bidang ergonomi yang digunakan secara cepat untuk menilai postur leher, punggung, pergelangan tangan, dan kaki pekerja. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran postur kerja dan gambaran keluhan subjektif MSDs pada pekerja bagian pola dan gudang. Desain penelitian adalah Cross Sectional Deskriptif. Penelitian postur kerja menggunakan metode REBA dan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan skor REBA akhir yaitu 10 pada aktifitas pembuatan pola 1 pekerja (25%), dan skor 10 pada aktifitas gudang 1 pekerja (33%). Keluhan subjektif MSDs terbanyak dirasakan pekerja pada bagian pinggang 6 dari 7 pekerja (86%). Gambaran keluhan MSDs berdasarkan masa kerja pada kategori 5 tahun di bagian pinggang sebesar 100% dan kategori masa kerja 5-10 tahun keluhan pada leher bagian atas sebesar 80%. Sehingga, diperlukan tindakan segera dalam melakukan proses kerja, perubahan alat kerja dan desain area kerja untuk mengurangi risiko ergonomi dan keluhan subjektif MSDs.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Assesment Resiko HIV/AIDS terhadap Upaya Penata/Perawat Anestesi dalam Pelaksanaan Patient Safety;Universal Precautions
Authors: Olfah Yustiana , Mendri Ni Ketut , Palestin Bondan
Published: October 2020

Latar Belakang : AIDS bukan penyakit, karena AIDS tidak menular. Yang menular adalah HIV yaitu virus yang menyebabkan tubuh mencapai masa AIDS. Virus ini terdapat dalam larutan darah, cairan sperma dan cairan vagina sehingga dapat menular melalui kontak darah/cairan tersebut bersumber dari Ditjen PP dan PL Kemenkes RI yang dilaporkan pada bulan September 2014 secara kumulatif HIV dan AIDS terhitung mulai 1 April 1987 sampai dengan 30 September 2014 total HIV 150.296 dan AIDS 55.799.Pemeriksaan laboratorium HIV/AIDS belum merupakan pemeriksaan rutin sebagai bagian dari persiapan operasi sehingga tentu dengan makin tingginya kejadian HIV/AIDS kalau tidak di deteksi akan sangat membahayakan bagi tim operasi yang kemungkinan besar mengalami paparan langsung dengan cairan tubuh pasien  walaupun telah dilindungi dengan pemakaian alat pelindung diri/APD. Sehingga untuk keamanan penata/perawat anastesi sangat diperlukan cara yang dapat membantu mengkaji resiko HIV/AIDS pada pasien untuk meningkatkan kehati-hatian dalam mencegah penularan dan pelaksanaan patient safety. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan dengan wawancara pada lima penata anestesi belum ada alat/ instrument selain dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dapat membantu petugas kesehatan khususnya penata anestesi agar mampu mengkaji pasien beresiko atau tidak  terinfeksi HIV/AIDS, Dengan assesment resiko cara ini diharapkan persiapan operasi akan lebih hati hati dan optimal.Tujuan Penelitian  : Mengetahui  pengaruh  penggunaan Assesment Resiko terhadap Upaya Penata/Perawat Anestesi  dalam Pelaksanaan Patient Safety ;Universal Precautions di RSUD Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY).Metode Penelitian : Jenis penelitian Quasi eksperiment dengan rancangan Pre test Post test Design. Sampel penelitian dilakukan secara total sampling.  Rancangan ini tanpa kelompok pembanding (kontrol) dengan pertimbangan terbatasnya jumlah penata/perawat anastesi yang ada di RSUD Provinsi DIY, pengisian kuesioner dilakukan dua kali. Pertama untuk mengetahui kemampuan penata/perawat anestesi dalam deteksi resiko HIV/AIDS pasien pada saat kunjungan pra nestesi serta upaya pelaksanaan patien safety;universal precautions  sebelum diberikan Assesment Resiko dan kedua sesudah diberikan pelatihan menggunakan Assesment Resiko. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling dengan kriteria penata/perawat anestesi yang aktif dan bekerja di kamar operasi.  Data hasil pemeriksaan dianalisis secara diskriptif  dan secara analitik dengan bantuan komputer menggunakan uji T test dengan  taraf signifikan 0,05.Hasil Penelitian: Uji statistik bernilai 0,000 terdapat pengaruh penggunaan assesment resiko terhadap upaya penata/perawat anestesi dalam pelaksanaan patient safety; universal precautions di RSU Daerah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Pelaksanaan Surveilans Kesehatan dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Pasca Erupsi Merapi 2010 Pada Pelaksanaan Desa Siaga di Desa Talun Klaten
Authors: Rialdi Rio , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: October 2020

Indonesia is one country that is classified as vulnerable to natural disasters. Merapi eruption isone of the natural disasters that have an impact on public health. Standby village is an important pillarin handling disasters, since people usually are not prepared if there is a sudden disaster. The purposeof the study was to determine the application program of public health surveillance and preparednessafter the eruption of Merapi of 2010 in the implementation of standby village in Talun Village, KemalangSub-district, Klaten District Central Java. The research was descriptive using study case with qualitativeanalysis. The subject of the study was performers implementing public health surveillance program.The object of the study was the social situation in performing program. Informant was determinedbypurposive and snowball effect. Datawere collected by non participativeobservation, interview,documentation,focus discussion group (FGD), and triangulation. Judging from some indicators, the implementationof standby village had been running well. The performing of public surveillance program hasnotbeen running properly due to lack of socialization of the health center. The community disasterpreparednessprogram was good enough. However,it should be improved to preparednessupon healthemergencies.Standby village program and community preparedness is good enough, however it is notfollowedby a good surveillance based on community.
Methodological Foundations of the Personalized Acoustic Monitoring
Authors:   State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Ushakov I.B. , Bogomolov A.V. ,   State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Dragan S.P. ,   State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Soldatov S.K. ,   State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Published: October 2020

Methodological foundations of the personalized acoustic monitoring of the occupational safety in industry are stated. Developed personalized acoustic environment indicators of hazard are described. They ensure real-time monitoring and assessment of hazard of the acoustic environment in the entire standardized frequency range of industrial and transport noise. Typical personalized indicator of hazard of the acoustic environment consists of a meter, a signal and information board, a microprocessor, a switch, permanent and operational memory devices, various blocks: power supply, amplifiers, filters, detection, control, information input-output. The requirements are formulated for personalized indicators of hazard of an acoustic environment. Implementation of the above requirements will ensure correct calculation of the health and performance risks caused by the exposure of employees to acoustic factors. The features of using these indicators of hazard of an acoustic environment with the means of individual and collective protection against noise are determined. New possibilities for optimizing the use of such tools are shown — based on the methodological foundations of personalized acoustic monitoring developed by the authors. Development and implementation of a set of organizational and medical-technical measures using acoustic indicators will allow to ensure preservation of the personnel health, performance, and trouble-free operation in the conditions of occupational and industrial noise. Interfacing of medical acoustic control systems at the enterprises with the unified system «Russian State Medical and Dosimetric Register» will allow at the federal level to implement the accumulation of objective information about the effect of acoustic factors on the enterprise employee for the sake of preservation of health, professional longevity and ensuring occupational safety.
Problems and Prospects of Forming a System of Proactive Monitoring of Safety for the Employees in Mining Industry
Authors:   Branch of the Murman Arctic State University, Karnachev I.P. , Levashov S.P. ,   Kurgan State University, Smirnova N.K. ,   Kurgan State University, Karnachev P.I. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: October 2020

The analysis of official statistics shows that the existing mechanisms for reducing the risks of occupational injuries, based on monitoring traditional indicators of occupational safety, and financing a set of appropriate preventive measures, largely exhausted their potential. They do not contribute to further formation of a stable trend to reduce the occupational injuries. The phased abandonment of prescriptive regulation in the industry of the Russian Federation makes it inevitable to introduce the concept of the goal of activities on ensuring occupational safety and health. Approaches to managing safety of the organizational processes when measuring the efficiency of the occupational health and safety management system should be based on active monitoring and continuous improvement of the performance indicators of the relevant processes. The relevance and need for a comprehensive solution of the theoretical, methodological and applied problems of monitoring efficiency in the field of ensuring safety of employees labor in the industry of the Russian Federation, as well as the imperfection of the scientific and methodological base and the state system of the operative management of occupational risks require the development of adequate and efficient solutions for improving the level of occupational safety, reduction of deaths and injurie rate. The essence of the concept of proactive monitoring of safety is that the efficiency of planning and monitoring in the field of ensuring safety at all levels (state, industry, corporate, etc.) should be justified using measurable indicators (indices) of the efficiency of ensuring safety and corresponding values of the target and threshold safety levels. The paper focuses on the problems of developing a proactive monitoring system for occupational safety, and the use of leading indicators for monitoring occupational safety and health state in real time, as well as to respond appropriately.
Predicting the Spread of Panic among People when Evacuating a Building during a Fire
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Kalachin S.V.
Published: October 2020

The possibilities of modern technologies for predicting the spread of panic among people when evacuating a building during a fire are considered. The analysis of well-known studies is presented, which showed that in view of the extreme importance and social danger of panic, studying the mechanism of its development is an important scientific task. It is aimed at solving one of the main fire safety tasks — ensuring safe evacuation of people from the building during a fire. It is established that susceptibility to panic situations primarily depends on the type of temperament of a person. Guided by this, general principles were developed for constructing the methodology of predicting the spread of panic among people when evacuating a building during a fire. It is established that the main method for studying the mechanism of panic development — simulation modeling. It allows to work with a large number of components, and be more realistic, as well as reproduce various scenarios of development without endangering people. Based on the AnyLogic simulator, a simulation system-dynamic model of human temperament was developed, which allows determining quantitative values of parameters characterizing the wave of panic spread among people in case of fire in the building. The combinatorics model was developed for predicting all the likely scenarios of the spread of panic. The results of a computational experiment compiled based on the results of simulation modeling and combinatorics are analyzed. The most dangerous scenario was identified, characterized by the maximum rate of spread of panic among people when evacuating a building during a fire. The results of study can be used to clarify the methodology for calculating the time of evacuation of people from a building in case of fire, as well as to assess the efficiency of the application of existing fire safety measures.