bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One Book’s Brand is Another Book’s Frame
Authors: Steenmeijer Maarten
Published: April 2021

Book covers can be an important part of the branding process in the case
of authors from abroad. The branding of Carlos Ruiz Zafón’s novels in the
Netherlands is a paradigmatic case in point. The front cover of his Dutch
debut De schaduw van de wind became a classic: it is a crucial element of
the Dutch Zafón brand, while essential features from it have been used
to frame a considerable number of other Spanish authors’ novels that
have since been launched onto the Dutch market. We examine three
cases: Arturo Pérez-Reverte, Elia Barceló, and María Dueñas. Emulating
successful cover branding seems to have the best chance of succeeding
in the case of ‘new’ authors and appears to be most effective in the short
term.
‘The Most Successful Writer of the Netherlands’
Authors: Bax Sander
Published: April 2021

Since the success of his bestseller novel The Dinner in 2009, Dutch literary
writer Herman Koch has been branded as ‘the most successful writer of
the Netherlands’. In his media coverage, we encounter a narrative about
his career that has all the characteristics of the ‘success myth’ of the
contemporary celebrity. What can the construction of Koch’s success
myth tell us about the norms that actors and institutions of the public
media use when they talk about literature? How do Koch and his critics
deal with the tension between different ways of contributing value in
the literary field? And does Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptualization of the
‘economic world reversed’ still suffice to describe the distribution of
capital in today’s literary fields?
Of Dust and Dollars
Authors: Dera Jeroen
Published: April 2021

This chapter explores the self-branding of the contemporary Dutch
poet Ellen Deckwitz. Explicitly referring to herself as ‘the product Ellen
Deckwitz’, this author uniquely defines her career as a poet in terms
of branding. The chapter provides a vivisection of this self-proclaimed
‘product’ through an in-depth postural analysis. It shows how Deckwitz
creates the posture of an authoritative yet relatable poetry-entrepreneur
who considers herself to be the flag-bearer of the younger generation,
a rhetorical strategy that enables her to blend economic and symbolic
capital. This, in turn, makes it possible for Deckwitz to cater to both a
highbrow and a mass audience, by effectively resisting the widespread
clichés evoked by the term ‘poetry’.
The One Unforgivable Transgression?
Authors: Joosten Jos
Published: April 2021

In terms of economic capital, Kluun is one of the most successful Dutch
authors of the last two decades. To date, at least a million copies of his
debut novel Komt een vrouw bij de dokter have been sold; the book has
been translated into 26 languages. His later novels were less successful,
but were still sold in considerable numbers. The reason why the ‘Kluuncase’
is remarkable is twofold. Firstly, Kluun is the former owner of an
Amsterdam advertising firm, and considered his first novel not only
an artistic product but an advertising venture as well; secondly, Kluun
consciously played with the gap between his economic success and the
the amount of symbolic capital he accrued, and used the branding of his
name and work as a literary strategy.
Branding the Open-minded Nation
Authors: Ham Laurens
Published: April 2021

In 2011, the Netherlands was invited to be the guest of honour at the Beijing
Book Fair. This fair attracted controversy that revealed the tensions that
exist between nation branding, public diplomacy, and literary autonomy:
while its sponsor, the Ministry of Culture, regarded the fair as a perfect
marketing opportunity, Amnesty International used the occasion to
protest repression in China. Dutch authors invited to participate in the fair
forged an alternative position by emphasizing their status as autonomous
artists. However, an analysis of the debate in the Dutch media shows that
both the Ministry, Amnesty International, the Dutch Foundation for
Literature, and many authors interpreted the contact between Chinese
and Dutch authors as a clash between an open(-minded) culture and a
closed one.
The Rise of China
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: April 2021

This chapter introduces the concept of Chinese exceptionalism as a
framework for studying China’s political worldview and international
relations. It argues that a discourse of Chinese exceptionalism has permeated
Chinese scholarly circles as a mode of political inquiry into China’s
international relations and vision of global order. Consequently it argues
that a framework of exceptionalism provides a more comprehensive
explanation of China’s international politics and foreign policy behavior.
The chapter also discusses the research design of this study, which is based
primarily on elite interviews and discourse analysis. It concludes with an
outline of the remaining eight chapters of the book, and how they relate
to the broader theme of Chinese exceptionalism.
Chinese Political Worldview
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: April 2021

The chapter examines “Chinese ways” of thinking about international
relations, including how traditional Chinese ideas are accounted for and
incorporated into mainstream IR scholarship. It argues that the study of
Chinese IR should be viewed within the larger framework of a Chinese
self-identity that is perceived as in tension with Western conceptions of
the self, society, and statehood. Specifically, I compare the ideas put forth
by four Chinese scholars with a few mainstream IR theories (realism,
liberalism, and constructivism) and evaluate the extent to which the
theories proposed by Chinese scholars can be considered unique and/or
better than existing IR theories in terms of their ability to explain certain
aspects of Chinese political life.
Who is China?
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines Chinese national identity as a core element
of China’s political worldview and claims to exceptionalism. Using a
sociological structure of liquid modernity, the chapter analyzes how
Chinese national identity is being considered and constructed within
domestic conditions and the extent to which it affects social capital and
the cohesiveness of Chinese social life. I argue that liquid modernity has
resulted in greater fragmentation between Chinese private and public
life as well as complicating efforts to construct a unified sense of collective
national identity (Chinese-ness). To remedy these challenges, the
Chinese government utilizes nationalism to cultivate domestic support
by projecting itself as good vis-à-vis the West, which is scapegoated as
evil and the root cause of all Chinese ills.
Perceiving China
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines the perspectives of Vietnamese and Indonesian
elites towards China and the extent to which efforts to promote a positive
Chinese national image have been successful in these two countries. Utilizing
information gathered from field research, I argue that both countries
perceive China as attempting to modify – not entirely revise – the rules of
the international system to suit its purposes. Territorial issues remain a
primary focus in the two countries’ relationships with China, and they also
express concerns that China’s growing influence will cause an unstable
regional environment. Interviewees also expressed considerable doubt
about the idea of Chinese exceptionalism and tended to perceive China
as acting like any other big power.
Kapasitas Stabilisasi Radikal Bebas dan Kelasi Ion Metal Ekstrak Air Daun Vernonia amygdalina Del.
Authors: Cepeda Gino Nemesio , Murtiningrum Murtiningrum , Waromi Yuliana
Published: April 2021

Tumbuhan obat Vernonia amygdalina dikenal dengan nama “daun afrika” adalah tumbuhan yang berasal dari Afrika. Tumbuhan ini digunakan untuk mengobati malaria, infertilitas, diabetes, gangguan pencernaan dan penyakit transmisi seksual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi potensi antioksidan ekstrak air daun afrika yang meliputi kandungan senyawa fenolik, kapasitas stabilisasi radikal bebas melalui transfer atom hidrogen dan kelasi ion metal sebagai prooksidan melalui transfer elektron pada variasi konsentrasi. Proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif daun afrika menggunakan metode infusi dengan air panas suhu 90ºC selama 30 menit. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak meliputi penentuan kandungan senyawa fenolik menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, pengujian kapasitas stabilisasi radikal bebas menggunakan metode  stabilisasi radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) dan pengujian kapasitas kelasi ion metal menggunakan metode kelasi ion metal Fe+2. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air daun afrika konsentrasi 0,1-0,5% mengandung senyawa fenolik sebesar 18,81-69.89 µg EAG/ml, kapasitas stabilisasi radikal bebas DPPH sebesar 20,99-41,98% dan kapasitas kelasi ion metal Fe+2 sebesar 8,28-40,71%. Ekstrak air daun afrika kurang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami dalam menstabilkan radikal bebas namun demikian sangat efektif mengikat ion metal yang bersifat prooksidan.
Türkiye'nin İnsani Yaşam Endeksi Verilerinin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: BAYKAL Elif , CECE Sinem , YORULMAZ Halil
Published: April 2021

İnsani Gelişme Endeksi ülkeler için yaşam süresinin uzunluğunu, ülkedeki okur-yazar insanların oranını, ülkenin eğitim seviyesini ve yaşam seviyesini ölçmeye yönelik hazırlanan bir ölçümdür. 1990 yılından beri İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (İGE) her yıl, Birleşmiş Milletler Gelişme Programı (UNDP) tarafından yayınlanmaktadır. Türkiye, İnsani Gelişme Raporlarının yayınlanmaya başladığı 1990 yılından beri raporlarda ve endekslerde yer almaktadır. İnsani Gelişme Endeksi ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerine ait verileri göstermektedir. Ayrıca ülke ekonomisindeki etkinin bireylerin yaşam niteliğini ne derece etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ülkeler insani gelişmişlik düzeylerini arttırmak için çaba sarf etmektedir ve ülkeye yapılan Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar da bu çabalardan bir tanesidir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların gerçeklemesinde yatırım yapılacak ülkenin sosyal ve ekonomik koşulları öneme sahiptir. Çünkü Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ülkelere teknoloji transferini arttıracağı, sanayi sektöründe verimlilik sağlayacağı, yüksek kalitedeki ürünlerin üretim maliyetlerini düşürerek üretimi arttıracağı, hizmetin ve bilgi paylaşımını kolaylaştıracağı ve bunların ise ihracatı artırarak istihdamı ve refahı olumlu yönde etkileyeceği ifade edilmektedir. Literatürde DYY’ın en önemli belirleyicilerinin yatırım yapılacak ülkenin ekonomik değişkenleri ve refah düzeyi olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye DYY sermaye açısından sektörel çeşitlik ve sahip olduğu jeopolitik konumu nedeniyle sermaye girişlerini olumlu yönde etkileyen bir ülkedir. Ayrıca gelişmekte olan bir ülke olması ve İnsani Yaşam Endeksinde olumlu gelişim göstermesi açısından da dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İnsani Yaşam Endeksi verilerinin Türkiye’ye yapılan Doğrudan Yatırımlar üzerinde ne derecede etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada, güncel İnsani Yaşam Endeksi ve Doğrudan yabancı yatırım verileri kullanılarak literatür taraması yapılmış son 22 yılın Türkiye için geçerli olan İnsani Yaşam Endeksi verileri ve DYY verileri kıyaslanmıştır.
İnfertilite ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Elif , KAPLAN Sena
Published: April 2021

Pek çok toplumda evliliğin amaçlarından biri de çocuk sahibi olmak olarak algılandığı için, üreme kültürel, sosyal ve psikolojik yönden bir gereksinimdir. İnfertilite toplumsal bir sağlık sorunu olmakla birlikte, çiftleri ve özellikle kadınları biyolojik, fiziksel ve psikososyal yönden olumsuz etkileyen bir durumdur. Aynı zamanda infertiliteye yönelik uygulanan tedaviler çiftler için psikolojik yönden zorlayıcı, duygusal yönden oldukça stresli, ekonomik anlamda pahalı olmakla birlikte eş ilişkilerini de olumsuz etkileyebilen bir kriz durumudur. İnfertilite kliniğinde çalışan hemşirelerin infertilite tedavisi süresince çiftlerle birebir iletişimde oldukları için yaşanabilecek sorunları erken dönemde belirlemesi ve uygun hemşirelik yaklaşımını planlayarak çiftlere destek olması önem taşımaktadır. İnfertilite hemşiresinin verebileceği danışmalık, eğitim ve sosyal destek ile kriz anında oluşabilecek olumsuz etkiler azaltılabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında infertilitenin çiftler üzerine etkisinin literatür kapsamında incelenmesi ve infertilite hemşiresinin rolüne vurgu yapılması amaçlanmıştır.
El manglar de la memoria. Ensayos críticos sobre la obra de Tomás González
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Valencia Norman , Montilla Claudia
Published: April 2021

El manglar de la memoria surge de una necesidad imperiosa en el ámbito de la crítica literaria colombiana: para el año 2020, con catorce libros publicados a lo largo de casi cuarenta años, Tomás González se ha convertido en uno de los escritores más importantes de nuestro país. Sin embargo, a diferencia de otros autores de su generación, como Fernando Vallejo, Evelio Rosero o Laura Restrepo, aún no contamos con una producción crítica amplia y visible que acompañe su obra. Hay una serie de importantes reseñas, múltiples tesis universitarias y algunos artículos académicos que han iniciado esta labor. No obstante, un escritor de su talla merece un esfuerzo más sistemático por parte de la academia que, desde hace años, guarda una discreta admiración por su escritura. Esta compilación es un primer intento por reunir varios trabajos críticos en torno a toda la obra publicada de González. Las secciones del libro abordan los principales temas que cruzan las novelas, las colecciones de cuentos y el poemario, como son la geografía, la ecología, la política, el género, la violencia y la historia, y los ensayos que las conforman entran en diálogo con la crítica previa, para ofrecer un estudio detallado del gran escritor antioqueño.
High Homogeneous Freezing Onsets of Sulfuric Acid Aerosol at Cirrus Temperatures
Authors: Schneider Julia , Höhler Kristina , Wagner Robert , Saathoff Harald , Schnaiter Martin , Schorr Tobias , Steinke Isabelle , Benz Stefan , Baumgartner Manuel , Rolf Christian , Krämer Martina , Leisner Thomas , Möhler Ottmar
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Homogeneous freezing of aqueous solution aerosol particles is an important process for cloud ice formation in theupper troposphere. There the air temperature is low, the ice supersaturation can be high, and the concentration of ice-nucleating particles is too low to initiate and dominate cirrus cloud formation by heterogeneous ice nucleation processes. The most common description to quantify homogeneous freezing processes is based on the water activity criterion (WAC) as proposed by Koop et al. (2000). The WAC describes the homogeneous nucleation rate coefficients only as a function of the water activity, temperature and size of the aqueous aerosol particles, which makes this approach well applicable in numerical models. In this study, we investigate the homogeneous freezing behaviour of aqueous sulfuric acid aerosol particles by means of a comprehensive collection of laboratory homogeneous freezing experiments conducted at the AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamicsin the Atmosphere) cloud simulation chamber, which were conducted as part of 17 measurement campaigns since 2007. The most recent experiments were conducted during October 2020 with special emphasis on temperatures below 200 K. Aqueous sulfuric acid aerosol particles were generated at high purity by particle nucleation in a gas flow composed of clean synthetic air and sulfuric acid vapor, which was added to the AIDA chamber. The resulting chamber aerosol had number concentrations from 30 cm−3 up to several 1000 cm−3 with particle diameters ranging from about 30 nm to 1.1 μm. Homogeneous freezing of the aerosol particles was measured at simulated cirrus formation conditions in a wide range of temperatures between 185 K and 230 K with a steady increase of relative humidity during each experiment. At temperatures between about 205 K and about 230 K, the AIDA results agree well with the WAC-based predictions of homogeneous freezing onsets. At lower temperatures, however, the AIDA results show an increasing deviation from the WAC-based predictions towards higher freezing onsets. For temperatures between 185 K and 205 K, the WAC-based ice saturation ratios for homogeneous freezing onsets increase from about 1.6 to 1.7, whereas the AIDA measurements show an increase from about 1.7 to 2.0 in the same temperature range. Based on our experimental results, we suggest a new fit line as a parameterization for the onset conditions of homogeneous freezing of sulfuric acid aerosol particles. As a next step, we propose the new parameterization to be implemented in atmospheric models as an improved version of the WAC-based parameterization from Koop et al. (2000). The new homogeneous freezing thresholds may have significant impacts on the prediction of cirrus cloud occurrence and related cloud radiative effects.
Method to Quantify the Black Carbon Aerosol Light Absorption Enhancement with Entropy and Diversity Measures
Authors: Zhao Gang , Tan Tianyi , Zhu Yishu , Hu Min , Zhao Chunsheng
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Large uncertainties remain when estimating the warming effects of ambient black carbon (BC) aerosols on climate. One of the key challenges in modeling the radiative effects is predicting the BC light absorption enhancement, which is mainly determined by its mass ratio of non-BC coating thickness to BC (MR). For the same MR, recent researches find that the radiative absorption enhancements by BC are also controlled by its particle-to-particle heterogeneity. In this study, the BC mixing state index (χ) is developed to quantify the dispersion of ambient black carbon aerosol mixing states based on binary systems of BC and other non-black carbon components. We demonstrate that the BC light absorption enhancement increases with χ for the same MR, which indicates that χ can be employed as a factor to constrain the light absorption enhancement of ambient BC. Our framework can be further used in the model to study the black carbon radiative effects on climate change.
Biological pumps of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Hung Jia-Jang , Tung Ching-Han , Lin Zong-Ying , Chen Yuh-Lin Lee , Peng Shao-Hung , Lin Yen-Huei , Tsai Li-Shan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the measured biological pumps (BPs) of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their response to seasonal and event-driven oceanographic changes in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The BP is defined as the sum of active and passive fluxes of biogenic carbon in the surface layer, which may be considered as the central part of marine carbon cycle. These active and passive fluxes of N and P were also considered to understand stoichiometric flux patterns and the roles of nutrients involved in the BP. The magnitudes of total C, N, and P fluxes were respectively estimated to be 71.9–347 (mean: 163) mg C m−2 d−1, 13.0–30.5 (mean: 21.6) mg N m−2 d−1, and 1.02–2.97 (mean: 1.94) mg P m−2 d−1, which were higher than most previously reported BPs in open oceans, likely because a quarter of the BPs was contributed from active fluxes that were unaccounted for in BPs previously. Moreover, the passive fluxes dominated the BPs and were estimated as 65.3–255 (mean: 125) mg C m−2 d−1 (76.7 % of total C flux), 11.9–23.2 (mean: 17.6) mg N m−2 d−1 (83.0 % of total N flux), and 0.89–1.98 (mean: 1.44) mg P m−2 d−1 (74.2 % of total P flux). Vertical fluxes of dissolved organic C, N, and P generally contributed to less than 5 % of passive fluxes. The contrasting patterns of active and passive fluxes found between summer and winter could mainly be attributed to surface warming and stratification in summer and cooling and wind-induced turbulence for pumping nutrients into the euphotic zone in winter. In addition to seasonal variations, the impacts of anticyclonic eddies and internal-wave events on BP enhancement was apparent in the NSCS. Both active and passive fluxes were likely driven by nutrient availability within the euphotic zone, which was ultimately controlled by the changes in internal and external forcings. The nutrient availability also determined the inventory of chlorophyll a and new production, thereby allowing the prediction of active and passive fluxes for unmeasured events. To a first approximation, the SCS may effectively transfer 0.208 Gt C yr−1 into the ocean's interior, accounting for approximately 1.89 % of the global C flux. The internal forcing and climatic conditions are likely critical factors in determining the seasonal and event-driven variability of BP in the NSCS.
The CHIMERE v2020r1 online chemistry-transport model
Authors: Menut Laurent , Bessagnet Bertrand , Briant Régis , Cholakian Arineh , Couvidat Florian , Mailler Sylvain , Pennel Romain , Siour Guillaume , Tuccella Paolo , Turquety Solène , Valari Myrto
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The CHIMERE v2020r1 model replaces the v2017r5 version and provides numerous novelties. The most important of which is the online coupling with the WRF meteorological model, via the OASIS3-MCT external coupler. The model can still be used in offline mode; the online mode enables taking into account the direct and indirect effects of aerosols on meteorology. This coupling also enables using the meteorological parameters with sub-hourly time-steps. Some new parameterizations are implemented to increase the model performance and the user's choices: DMS emissions, additional schemes for SOA formation with VBS and H2O, improved schemes for mineral dust, biomass burning and sea-salt emissions. The NOx emissions from lightning is added. The model also includes the possibility to use the splitting-operator integration technique. The subgrid scale variability calculation of concentrations due to emission activity sectors is now possible. Finally, a new vertical advection scheme has been implemented, able to simulate more correctly long-range transport of thin pollutants plumes.
Robustness of a parsimonious subsurface drainage model at the French national scale
Authors: Jeantet Alexis , Henine Hocine , Chaumont Cédric , Collet Lila , Thirel Guillaume , Tournebize Julien
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Drainage systems are currently implemented on agricultural plots subjected to temporary or permanent waterlogging issues. Drained plots account for 9 % of all arable soils in France. As such, the need for accurate hydrological modeling is crucial, especially in an unstable future context affected by climate change. The aim of this paper is to assess the capacity of the SIDRA-RU hydrological drainage model in representing the variability of pedoclimatic conditions within French metropolitan areas, as well as to demonstrate the utility of this model as a long-term management tool. The model is initially calibrated using the KGE' criterion as an Objective Function (OF) on a large and unique database encompassing 22 plots spread across France and classified according to three main soil textures (silty, silty-clayey and clayey). The performance of SIDRA-RU is evaluated by monitoring the KGE' calibration values, as well as the quality of the simulations of both high and low discharges and the annual drained water balance on each plot. Next, the temporal robustness of the model is assessed by conducting the split-sample test on the selected plots that satisfy the data requirements. Results show that the SIDRA-RU model accurately simulates the drainage discharge, especially on silty soils. The performance on clayey soils is slightly weaker than that on silty soils yet remains acceptable. Similarly, the split-sample test indicates that SIDRA-RU is temporally robust on all three soil textures. Consequently, the SIDRA-RU model closely represents the diversity of French drained soil and could be used for its long-term management.
Stochastic System Dynamics Modelling for climate change water scarcity assessment on a reservoir in the Italian Alps
Authors: Terzi Stefano , Sušnik Janez , Schneiderbauer Stefan , Torresan Silvia , Critto Andrea
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Water management in mountain regions is facing multiple pressures due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. This is particularly relevant for mountain areas where water abundance in the past allowed for many anthropogenic activities, exposing them to future water scarcity. To better understand the processes involved in water scarcity impact, an innovative stochastic System Dynamics Modelling (SDM) explores water stored and turbined in the S.Giustina reservoir (Province of Trento, Italy). The integration of outputs from climate change simulations as well as from a hydrological model and statistical models into the SDM is a quick and effective tool to simulate past and future water availability and demand conditions. Short-term RCP4.5 simulations depict conditions of highest volume and outflow reductions starting in spring (−16.1 % and −44.7 % in May compared to the baseline). Long-term RCP8.5 simulations suggest conditions of volume and outflow reductions starting in summer and lasting until the end of the year. The number of events with stored water below the 30th and above the 80th quantiles suggest a general reduction both in terms of low and high volumes. These results call for the need to adapt to acute short-term water availability reductions in spring and summer while preparing for hydroelectric production reductions due to the chronic long-term trends affecting autumn and mid-winter. This study provides results and methodological insights for potential SDM upscaling across strategic mountain socio-economic sectors (e.g., hydropower, agriculture and tourism) to expand water scarcity assessments and prepare for future multi-risk conditions and impacts.
A new automatic approach for extracting glacier centerlines based on Euclidean allocation
Authors: Zhang Dahong , Yao Xiaojun , Duan Hongyu , Liu Shiyin , Guo Wanqin , Sun Meiping , Li Dazhi
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Glacier centerlines are crucial input for many glaciological applications. From the morphological perspective, we proposed a new automatic method to derive glacier centerlines, which is based on the Euclidean allocation and the terrain characteristics of glacier surface. In the algorithm, all glaciers are logically classified as three types including simple glacier, simple compound glacier, and complex glacier, with corresponding process ranges from simple to complex. The process for extracting centerlines of glaciers introduces auxiliary reference lines and follows the setting of not passing through bare rock. The program of automatic extraction of glacier centerlines was implemented in Python and only required the glacier boundary and digital elevation model (DEM) as input. Application of this method to 48 571 glaciers in the second Chinese glacier inventory automatically yielded the corresponding glacier centerlines with an average computing time of 20.96 s, a success rate of 100 % and a comprehensive accuracy of 94.34 %. A comparison of the longest length of glaciers to the corresponding glaciers in the Randolph Glacier Inventory v6.0 revealed that our results were superior. Meanwhile, our final product provides more information about glacier length, such as the average length, and the longest length, the lengths in the accumulation and ablation regions of each glacier.
Freshwater Sources and Sinks for Arctic Sea Ice in Summer
Authors: Perovich Don , Smith Madison , Light Bonnie , Webster Melinda
Published: April 2021

Abstract. On Arctic sea ice, the melt of snow and sea ice generate a summertime flux of fresh water to the upper ocean. The partitioning of this freshwater to storage in melt ponds and deposition in the ocean has consequences for the surface heat budget, the sea ice mass balance, and primary productivity. Synthesizing results from the SHEBA field experiment, we calculate the sources and sinks of freshwater produced during summer melt. The total freshwater input to the system from snow melt, ice melt, and precipitation from 1 June to 9 August was equivalent to a layer of water 80 cm thick over the ice-covered and open ocean. 85 % of this freshwater was deposited in the ocean and only 15 % of this freshwater was stored in ponds. The cumulative contributions of freshwater input to the ocean from drainage from the ice surface and bottom melting were roughly equal.
Sharing Health Information on Social Media: What is the Limit for Medical Students?
Authors: Manfredini Enrico
Published: April 2021

Social media plays several important roles in medicine. Medical students are important and influential participants in the digital world because they are young, they dominate social network resources, and they have high engagement power. This letter presents some aspects about how medical students use their digital media abilities and knowledge to disseminate health information to patients and the public, and what are some limits and best practices for them on these platforms.
Teaching Land as an Extension of Self: The Role of Ecopsychology in Disrupting Capitalist Narratives of Land and Resource Exploitation
Authors: Ricket Allison L.
Published: April 2021

Ecopsychology, which investigates the human-nature relationship, draws on marginalized ways of knowing such as Native American Shamanism, “whole earth thinking,” and the dynamic feminine (Gomez & Kanner, 1995). Impediments of literal classroom walls and systemic bias against unquantifiable course outcomes limits traditional pedagogy. Traditional pedagogical approaches to environmental curriculum reinforce perceived helplessness in the face of capitalist forces which identify land only as explotiable “other” (hooks, 2011). This paper describes a university English classroom's radical Ecopedagogy without spatial impedences and state policed “standards” that no longer enforce normative identity constructs. In this Ecopedagogy, students explore Biophilia, which awakens a powerful, dormant identity, expanding the self to include the entire biosphere.
My Seatle Sonet by Jaclyne T
Authors: Zeni Susan
Published: April 2021

The poem portrays a teacher of creative writing responding to a student's poem.
Una lectura nacionalista del pasado clásico: la Historia de Roma de Ernesto Palacio
Authors: Sverdloff Mariano
Published: April 2021

Para los escritores de la derecha nacionalista argentina, el pasado clásico ocupa un lugar central. La Historia de Roma (1939) de Ernesto Palacio no es la excepción: este pequeño texto, que debía servir como un manual escolar, es una muestra del modo en el que el nacionalismo argentino imaginaba, a partir de los debates históricos y políticos más contemporáneos, la tradición grecolatina. La relectura de esta tradición asimismo, implicaba postular una cierta imagen de «Occidente» y legitimar la traducción de textos de las literaturas europeas modernas. El objeto pues, de este trabajo, es analizar esta invención del pasado clásico por parte de Ernesto Palacio y de las derechas nacionalistas, y discutir brevemente por qué a partir del retorno a la democracia en 1983 las derechas argentinas dejan de recurrir a este uso político de la tradición grecolatina
La construcción del prestigio literario en Colombia. El caso de Mario Mendoza, Jorge Franco y Santiago Gamboa
Authors: Valencia Margarita
Published: April 2021

Esta investigación pretende caracterizar las trayectorias editoriales de Mario Mendoza, Jorge Franco, Santiago Gamboa y determinar las fuentes del prestigio literario entre los narradores colombianos contemporáneos. ¿Qué relación hay entre la construcción del prestigio literario y los sellos editoriales que publican sus obras? Se busca analizar el lugar que ocupan otras fuentes de prestigio literario en las trayectorias literarias de los autores citados: premios, circulación, difusión en la prensa, trayectorias académicas
Darío, Rubén. Obras completas. La caravana pasa (1902), de Rubén Darío. Edición de Günther Schmigalle; coordinación general de Rodrigo Javier Caresani y Daniel Link. Sáenz Peña: Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, 2019, 456 páginas.
Authors: Gamarra La Rosa José Luis
Published: April 2021

Obras completas. La caravana pasa (1902), de Rubén Darío; edición de Günther Schmigalle;
جرائم الاعتداء على الشبكة المعلوماتية في التشريعات العربية (دراسة تحليلية مقارنة بالتشريع الإماراتي)
Authors: خليل عطا الله إمام حسنين
Published: April 2021

تعد الشبكة المعلوماتية من المصالح الحيوية التي تتطلب الحماية القانونية في أعلي مستوياتها وهي الحماية الجنائية؛ من خلال تجريم وعقاب مختلف صور المساس أو الاعتداء أو مجرد التأثير على الشبكة المعلوماتية، ويتحدد مدى نجاح تلك الحماية بقدر أحاطتها بتلك الصور من خلال نصوص تجريميه منضبطة. والدراسة الراهنة تتناول، من خلال منهج وصفي تحليلي وفي إطار مقارن، موقف التشريعات الجنائية في عدد من الدول العربية من التجريم والعقاب على مختلف صور المساس أو الاعتداء أو مجرد التأثير على الشبكة المعلوماتية، بالنظر إلى أهمية تلك الحماية في عصر المعلومات وانتشار استخدام صور الذكاء الاصطناعي في العديد من المجالات الخدمية. وسوف تكون المقارنة على أكثر من مستوى ومجال حيث ستتم مقارنة خطة المشرع الإماراتي في التجريم والعقاب على مستوى وطني، ما بين القانون الاتحادي الملغي رقم 2 لسنة 2006، والمرسوم بقانون الاتحادي الحالي رقم 5 لسنة 2012، لبيان الجوانب المستحدثة في التجريم والعقاب، وسياسات الإعفاء والتخفيف والتشديد، كما ستتم المقارنة مع التشريعات الوطنية في عدد من الدول العربية الأخرى، ومنها السعودية، والسودان والمملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، وسلطنة عمان، وقطر، ومملكة البحرين، ودولة الكويت، كنماذج للتشريعات العربية. كما ستكون المقارنة مع ما ورد في الاتفاقية الأوربية الخاصة بجرائم الكمبيوتر لعام 2001، والاتفاقية العربية لمكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات لعام 2010 والتي صدقت عليها دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة عام 2011، والمقارنة كذلك مع ما ورد بوثيقة الرياض للنظام (القانون) الموحد لمكافحة جرائم تقنية المعلومات لدول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية 2013.
نظرية العقل الخامل أصلها وتطبيقاتها
Authors:   بكالوريوس شريعة، جامعة الملك خالد، معلم دراسات إسلامية في مدارس التعليم العام، المملكة العربية السعودية, آل مريع محمد بن أحمد بن علي
Published: April 2021

تهدف نظرية العقل الخامل إلى تنشيط العقل الخامل عند الإنسان، وهو عبارة عن مساحة غير مكتشفة في العقل، وهذه النظرية لها أصلين: الأول: هو أنَّ روح الإنسان تنقسم إلى قسمين: (نفس، وعقل)، فعقل الإنسان يدرك الأشياء إن كانت موجودة أو غير موجودة ثم يميز نفعها أو ضررها، ثم تشعر النفس بناءً على تمييز العقل إمَّا بالخوف أو الأمن، ثم يصدر السلوك المنطقي بناءً عليها، وهذا يُبيِّن أهمية إدراك الأشياء إن كانت محسوسة أو غير محسوسة، والأصل الثاني: هو أنَّ عقل الإنسان قادر على إدراك المحسوسات واللا محسوسات على حدٍّ سواء، فيستطيع أن يعرف ما هو حقيقة موجودة، وما هو وهم، وهذه النظرية لها تطبيقين، التطبيق الأول: هو أنَّ أداة الإنسان لإدراك اللا محسوسات والغيبيات هو العقل الخامل، وهي قسمين: الأول: ما ورد من الغيبيات في الشرائع والكتب السماوية، وهذه تصديقها مسألة إيمان، والثاني: ما ورد عن العلماء في العلوم المختلفة، ويُمكن في هذا القسم إدراك ما هو حقيقة موجودة من هذه الغيبيات واللا محسوسات، وما هو وهم، وذلك من خلال تنشيط العقل الخامل عبر (مقياس بيان الحقيقة من الوهم) في هذا البحث، وهو من تصميم الباحث، والتطبيق الثاني لهذه النظرية: هو أنَّ تحفيز العقل الخامل أداة الإنسان للإبداع والابتكار.
Covid-19 impact on the Entrepreneurial practices in Small startups
Authors:   Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Umm Al-Qurra University, Saudi Arabia, Misky Eydaros , Alzahrani Sultan ,   Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Umm Al-Qurra University, Saudi Arabia, Oreijah Mowffaq
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has disrupted the global economy and the pandemic impact on businesses has been devastating. The majority of the enterprises suffered the lockdown consequences and the entrepreneurial small startups have been the most to struggle from the pandemic impacts such as financial deficiency, drop in sales, loss of customers, and shut down permanently. Due to their lack of skills and experience, they couldn’t diversify their product sources and distribution. On the other hand, some small startups have gained huge profits due to the pandemic which included online commercials for sanitizers and masks, and some specialize in food and beverage products. This paper research reviews the impact and the survival strategies for entrepreneurial small startups during the ongoing crisis of COVID-19. A review of the literature includes reviewing all the relevant scientific published data and an included case study represents a practical example that highlights the impact of COVID-19 on the small enterprises.
الاتجاهات البحثية الموضوعية في مناهج وطرق تدريس العلوم في الدوريات التربوية العربية في الفترة من 2015 إلى 2020
Authors:   أستاذ مساعد، مناهج وطرق تدريس العلوم، كلية التربية، جامعة طيبة، المملكة العربية السعودية, بخاري فخرية عبد الرحيم عبد الله
Published: April 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الاتجاهات الموضوعية للأبحاث التربوية في تخصص المناهج وطرق تدريس العلوم في الدوريات التربوية العربية خلال الفترة من 2015 إلى 2020. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة حددت الباحثة عشوائيا (139) بحثا في مجال المناهج وطرق تدريس العلوم، نشرت في (36) مجلة تربوية باللغة العربية، وتصدر من (12) دولة عربية وغير عربية. وبعد مراجعة مستخلصات تلك البحوث خرجت الدراسة بتصور عام للاتجاهات البحثية الموضوعية في الدوريات العربية في تخصص المناهج وطرق تدريس العلوم والتي كان من أبرزها: بالنسبة للمرحلة الدراسية نالت المرحلة المتوسطة اعلا درجات التركيز، تلاها المرحلة الثانوية ثم المرحلة الابتدائية. ومن حيث التخصص نالت مقررات العلوم بالمرحلتين الابتدائية والمتوسطة اعلى درجات التركيز. وفيما يتعلق بالمعلم احتل موضوع دراسة واقع المعلم المرتبة الأولى ثم تقويم الأداء ثم تطوير المهارات. وبالنسبة للمتعلم احتل موضوع التحصيل الدراسي، وتنمية مهارات التفكير المرتبة الأولى في الاتجاهات البحثية بالنسبة للمتعلم، وفي المرتبة الثالثة جاء التركيز على تطوير المهارات بصفة عامة. ومن حيث المناهج تبين أن المرتبة الأولى إلى البحث في مجال طرق واستراتيجيات التدريس والذي يعد من أهم عناصر المنهج، ثم مجال تحليل المنهج وفي المرتبة الثالثة مجال تقويم المنهج. وفيما يتعلق باستراتيجيات التدريس كان التركيز على مجالات التعلم الإلكتروني يليه استراتيجيات التدريس المتعلقة بتنمية أنماط التفكير. أما فيما يتعلق بالبيئة التعليمية فقد تبين عدم التركيز على دراسة البيئة التعليمية سواء المادية منها أو المعنوية أو المختلطة.
Islamic banks: Profit Sharing Contracts and Agency Theory in the Islamic banks in Lebanon
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Head of Finance Department, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Lebanese University, Lebanon, Ghayad Racha , Hamdan Mohamad ,   Assistant Professor, Head of Marketing Department, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Lebanese University, Lebanon
Published: April 2021

The central feature characterizing the financial Islamic system is the absolute prohibition of the payment and receipt of fixed interest in any transaction. Theoretically, Islamic Banking operates on the basis of Profit Loss Sharing (Mudaraba and Musharaka). In Lebanon the balance sheet of Islamic banks appear that, the percentage of PLS financing is very weak. The lack of profit and loss sharing (PLS) financing is an important problem affecting Islamic banks in Lebanon. The main objective of this research is to analyze problems faced by Islamic banks in Lebanon to use the PLS contract. The type of PLS contract raises a set of issues concerning the contractual relations between the Islamic bank and the clients. These issues may be addressed from the perspectives of Agency Theory, as we will do in this paper.
New Inequalities of Fejer´ and Hermite-Hadamard type Concerning Convex and QuasiConvex Functions With Applications
Authors: Amer Latif Muhammad , Silvestru Dragomir Sever , Obeidat Sofian
Published: April 2021

This research contains new integral inequalities of Fejer and ´ Hermite-Hadamard type involving convex and quasi-convex functions. Applications of the newly established results for special means of positive real numbers are given.
La racionalidad de los impuestos. Una tarea de reconciliación
Authors: Saffie Francisco
Published: April 2021

Este artículo parte de un diagnóstico sobre los problemas centrales del derecho tributario contemporáneo en un contexto neoliberal: la falta de justificación y la falta de cumplimiento de los deberes impositivos. Estos problemas se explican por un paradigma clásico basado en una visión egoísta y racional de individuo, una fundamentación instrumental de los impuestos y una concepción de la propiedad privada como un derecho natural. Ante este panorama, se realiza una reconstrucción alternativa de la racionalidad de los tributos a partir de las ideas de filosofía del derecho de Hegel. De esta manera, se presenta una propuesta que busca establecer una justificación no instrumental de los impuestos y superar la oposición entre tributos y propiedad privada.
Practicing various sports disciplines and their impact on the occurrence of hallux valgus
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikuła Marek , Bogdan Karolina ,   Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University
Published: April 2021

The foot is an important supporting element of the body. The deformity that may arise in the area of the toes is hallux valgus. It consists in the lateral deviation of the toe and the medial displacement of the first metatarsal bone. It is a medical problem and affects the aesthetics and symmetry of the feet. The aim of the study was to present how selected sports disciplines affect the morphological structure of the feet, with emphasis on the formation of hallux valgus. Regular physical activity strengthens the muscles and ligaments of the foot. Most sports do not lead to the formation of hallux valgus, also they can slow down the process of its formation. More frequent occurrence of hallux valgus among female dancers may be due to the wearing of high heels. Foot defects may also appear in people who, as a result of practicing sports, suffer injuries in the distal parts of the lower limb and in those with an increased Body Mass Index.
QUALITY OF COMPONENTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN FOR PRODUCTION OF MIXED FEED
Authors: Khachankou A.A. , Katovich I.V. , Pazyvaila A.P.
Published: April 2021

A comprehensive study of feed staff of animal origin was carried out to identify the most efficient ways of the use as components of compound feeds. In the samples of feeds (fish meal, fish extrudate, meat and bone meal), parameters of nutritional value and safety were determined. It was found that the most stable content of crude protein and essential critical amino acids was characteristic of fish meal, which is advisable to be used for the purpose of balancing compound feed for young animals in protein and lysine.
MORPHOGENESIS AND EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMOPOESIS IN THE SPLEEN OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN HEDGEHOG
Authors: Fiadotau D.N. , Yunusov Kh.B.
Published: April 2021

The objective of the research was to study histological peculiarities of the spleen structure of the East European hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor Linnaeus, 1758) in postnatal ontogenesis. For our investigation, 5 animals in each age group were selected; so 20 hedgehogs were studied in order to determine the extramedullary hematopoiesis. Terminology of the described histological structures of the spleen was used in compliance with the International Histological Nomenclature. For the first time it was found that extramedullary hematopoiesis which arises from the red pulp of the spleen is characteristic of the East European hedgehog inhabiting the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
SOME PROBLEMS OF INVASIVE PATHOLOGY IN GOATS
Authors: Yatusevich A.I. , Kasperovich I.S. , Kovalevskaya E.O. , Khomchenko N.G. , Baranovsky A.A.
Published: April 2021

Goat breeding is a promising branch of animal husbandry in the Republic of Belarus. Parasitic diseases of goats are studied insufficiently. The presence of helminths from the nematoda and cestoda classes in the gastrointestinal tract of goats has been found. The most common are parasites from the suborder strongylata, especially trichostrongylids. The Eimeria fauna is represented by 6 species, Eimeria arloingi and Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae are more common. In natural agrophytobiocenoses ticks such as Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatusare are widely distributed. A positive effect was obtained from the use of the common tansy for eimerioses, aspen in combination with rowan against intestinal stongilates, and the bird cherry to protect goats from ticks.
INFLUENCE OF PROLACTIN (PRL) AND BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN (BLG) GENES ON INDICATORS OF DAIRY PERFORMANCE IN COWS OF THE BELARUSIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED
Authors: Mikhaljuk A.N. , Tanana L.A. , Epishko O.A.
Published: April 2021

The results of the studies showed that by the prolactin gene (PRL), the highest yield was found in the first-calf heifers with the PRLBB genotype by 4.7% -10.5% as compared to herd-mates of other genotypes; and in cows of the second and third lactations – with the PRLAB genotype – by 2.6-10.6%. In terms of milk fat, animals with the PRLAB genotype had a higher rate than animals with the PRLAA and PRLBB genotypes by 0.04-0.17 pp, with the second and especially third lactation animals having the most noticeable changes. By the beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene, animals with the BLGAA genotype had a higher yield rate for 305 days of lactation in the first-calf heifers; in cows of the second lactation – animals with the BLGAB genotype, and in cows of the third lactation – with the BLGBB genotype. By the content of butterfat and protein in milk, on the contrary,the highest rates in the first calf heifers had animals with the PRLBB genotype; in the second-lactation cows – PRLAB, and in the third-lactation cows – with the PRLAA genotype.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Deviden
Authors: Modjaningrat Radina
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is for dividend policy decision making there is a conflict between interested parties in accordance with the agency theory, namely between shareholders and management. Empirical studies have been conducted to examine factors that affect dividend policies conducted by companies but the results showed different results. In the opinion of the authors the most influential factors on dividend policy are profitability, leverage, liquidity, institutional ownership and political connections. Empirical studies on the influence of profitability, leverage, liquidity, institutional ownership and political connections are conducted simultaneously on dividend policies. This is done to prove that these factors if tested simultaneously, whether to influence the dividend policy moreover there is a political connection in it, especially research on the influence of political connections to dividend policy in Indonesia is still very rare
Analytical solution of the simple nonlinear radiative transfer problem
Authors: Pikichyan H. V.
Published: April 2021

Exploring the "Principle of invariance" and the method of "Linear images", the simple nonlinear conservative problem of radiative transfer is analyzed. The solutions of nonlinear reection-transmission and internal field problems of one dimensional scattering-absorbing medium of finite optical thickness are obtained, whereas both boundaries of medium illuminated by powerful radiation beams. Using two different approaches - a direct and inverse problem, the analytical solution of the internal field problem is derived.