bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Asymmetric Social Ties, Structural Embeddedness, and Tie Strength on Online Content Contribution Behavior
Authors: Rishika Rishika , Ramaprasad Jui
Published: January 2019

For a social media community to thrive and grow, it is critical that users of the site interact with each other and contribute content to the site. We study the role of social ties in motivating user preference expression, a form of user content contribution, in an online social media community. We examine the role of three types of ties, reciprocated, follower, and followee ties, and assess whether the structural and relational properties of a user’s social network moderate the social influence effect in user contribution. A unique disaggregate level panel data set of users’ contributions and social tie formation activities from an online music platform is employed to study the impact of social ties. To address identification issues, we adopt a quasi-experimental approach based on dynamic propensity score matching. The results provide strong evidence of the influence of online network ties in online contribution behavior. We find that the influence of reciprocated ties is the greatest, followed by influence from followee ties and then follower ties. Additional analysis reveals that reciprocated and followee ties have even greater influence when they contribute new information for a focal user. Structural embeddedness and tie strength among network ties are found to amplify the effect of social contagion in online contribution. We conduct several sensitivity and robustness checks that lend credible support to our findings. The results add to the greater understanding of social influence in online contribution and provide valuable managerial insights into designs of online communities to enable greater user participation.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3087 .

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
The Asset-based Collaborative Working model: pragmatic action research in healthcare
Authors: Noble-Jones Rhian , Jamieson Susan , Fitzpatrick Bridie
Published: January 2019

Embedding researchers in clinical practice may not be an obvious consideration in asset-constrained healthcare settings. However, with increasing calls for best practice and value-for-money, understanding what works, for whom and why, is of paramount importance. This article illustrates how a researcher embedded in a healthcare professional group not only facilitated a service development within existing resources, but also enabled the group to identify relevant theories, and their interrelationships, underpinning the group's actions during the developmental process. This resulted in the construction of a new theoretical model, the Asset-based Collaborative Working model. This research suggests that embedding research in service development is feasible and can result in substantive learning and an understanding of group working which is required in contemporary healthcare provision. While developed in the clinical field of lymphoedema, the Asset-based Collaborative-Working model may be applicable in other care settings.
Do you talk about death? Making the case for a proactive approach
Authors: Penny Alison
Published: January 2019

It is perhaps the one issue that many children will experience but which schools don't talk about. Alison Penny gives five reasons for making death and dying part of your curriculum
Reducing the impact of winter on students with asthma
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: January 2019

The winter season can present a number of additional difficulties for children and young people with asthma. Dorothy Lepkowska looks at what advice can be given to families to reduce the risks of asthma attacks during this season.
Meningitis: An overview of signs, symptoms and management
Authors: Elston Richard James Stuart
Published: January 2019

Meningitis is a potentially deadly infection of the tissue surrounding the brain, which children are particularly susceptible to. The severity varies from viral infections, which are not life-threatening, to bacterial infections during which the bacteria can enter the blood and cause sepsis, which may be fatal. Bacterial meningitis requires early recognition to allow early antibiotic therapy and supportive treatment which substantially improves outcomes. School nurses have a key role in identifying meningitis symptoms in their pupils and raising awareness among children, school staff and parents about the signs and potential severity of meningitis. Despite vaccination programmes, meningitis continues to kill children highlighting the importance of being familiar with symptoms and the appropriate management. This article will explore the different types of meningitis, key symptoms to look out for and the management of suspected meningitis both in the community and in hospital.
Air pollution: What can schools do to limit exposure?
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: January 2019

We are finding out more about the impact of poor air quality on our children, especially in urban areas. But what can schools do to protect their pupils and to raise awareness? Suzanne O'Connell reports
The future of dementia research: assessments in mid-life
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: January 2019

A number of studies have been carried out recently trying to establish a link between dementia and other health conditions in earlier life. Sarah Palmer discusses two of these studies, which set out to make easier assessing the likelihood of cognitive decline.
Reducing health inequalities with simple changes
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: January 2019

The Care Quality Commission (CQC) has recently published a report on equality and human rights, outlining what service providers can do to improve access to health services for everyone. Helena Frankova has a closer look at the report.
The Care Quality Commission enforcement policy explained
Authors: Hannah Laura
Published: January 2019

Since 2015, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) has had the power to prosecute care providers for failure to comply with safety standards and criminal activities. Laura Hannah advises on how to react to a CQC allegation.
How to … effectively complete residents' daily records
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: January 2019

Keeping records on all residents is a legal requirement, but it is not always clear what should be recorded. Since running a smooth and effective administration makes life for all care staff easier, Adrian Ashurst advises on efficient record keeping.
Simplifying wound dressing selection for residential care
Authors: Rando Tabatha , Kang Ai Choo , Guerin Michelle , Boylan Jo , Dyer Anthony
Published: January 2019

Chronic wounds are prevalent in care home residents. For effective treatment, specialist knowledge is required, knowledge that most staff in homes will not possess. Tabatha Rando and colleagues describe a project aiming to simplify product selection.
Investigation of 9th Grade Students’ Geometrical Figure Apprehension
Authors: Karpuz Yavuz , Atasoy Ercan
Published: January 2019

In the present study, the aim was to investigate 9th grade students’ geometrical figure apprehension. To this end, the Figure Apprehension Cognitive Processes Test (FACPT), constructed by the researchers of the study, was administered to 51 ninth grade students, with whom clinical interviews were also conducted. As a result of the data analysed, it was found that the perceptual, discursive and operative types of apprehension of more than half of the students were not at enough level for high school geometry. Most of the students were found to be unsuccessful in recognizing the various sub-figures present within a geometric figure, in transforming verbal information to visual information, in deriving at verbal information based on visual information, in arriving at conclusions without being influenced by the appearance of a figure, and in decomposing and recomposing geometric figures. This shows that teachers need to focus on not only conceptual knowledge but also the structure of the figure apprehension processes of students prior to geometry classes.
Demystifying the link between institutional theory and stakeholder theory in sustainability reporting
Authors: Herold David M.
Published: January 2019

In response to the global challenge of climate change, companies increasingly disclose sustainability-related information in form of sustainability reports. These reports, however, vary significantly due to multiple institutional and stakeholder pressures. From an academic perspective, institutional theory links these different outcomes to the influences of competing institutional logics on the field-level, representing institutional complexity on the field-level which is characterised by multiple demands from different stakeholders. Although current literature acknowledges that stakeholder may affect institutional logics, it is limited to categorise stakeholder influences on the firm-level, lacking conceptual clarity. Based on institutional and stakeholder constructs, this paper demonstrates that institutional and stakeholder theory provide, on different levels, a theoretical foundation to examine the influences on sustainability reporting. Various constructs of stakeholder theory and institutional fields as well as their limitations and further classification concepts are identified and discussed. This paper thereby advances the understanding between field-level pressures and firm-level agency and demonstrate that both theories can complement each other when examining the influences on sustainability reporting.
Sustainable logistics as a source of competitive advantage in remote locations
Authors: Helm Michael Dale
Published: January 2019

Governments, corporations, and other organizations are expanding further into remote locations, such as polar regions, space, and other relatively inaccessible areas with minimal development. However, with this increased interest in remote areas, there is a shortage of scholarly work to draw upon for operating in these regions. Therefore, this shortage presents an opportunity to fill an academic gap by integrating the disciplines of business and sustainability. From this interdisciplinary framework, the paper asks if and how sustainability can be a source of competitive advantage for logistics in remote locations. To provide a foundation for answering the question, this project defines key terms, offers an interdisciplinary rationale, supplies a detailed literature review, uses a qualitative approach, presents hypotheses, and provides a final analysis with recommendations for future research.
Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) for evaluation of different transportation alternatives: A case of Rawalpindi bypass Pakistan
Authors: Shakir Malik Kamran , Khurshid Muhammad Bilal , Iqbal Jawed , Adeel Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Safe, efficient and user-friendly transportation of people and goods have been a premier point of concern for all the developed and the developing countries around the globe. National Highway N-5 or GT road is the most important highway link in Pakistan. It carries about 80 % of the country freight traffic. When this heavy traffic passes through the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, it causes congestion and environmental hazards particularly in business centers of Rawalpindi city. Because of this heavy traffic volume passing through the cities situated along N-5, bypasses to all of them have been provided however, Rawalpindi is the only city along N5 which is still without a bypass. A bypass to Rawalpindi city is, therefore, inevitable. Besides this, the Bypass will also provide a short access to the traffic on the Motorway (M2) destined for the western part of Rawalpindi. For this research work Rawalpindi Bypass is taken as a hypothetical scenario and is evaluated for its benefits. Besides addition to the networks of highways across Pakistan this bypass has many other benefits which include decrease in congestion from Islamabad and Rawalpindi main arteries (ISB Highway and IJP Road) that results in travel time savings, vehicle operating cost savings, safety savings and reduced air pollution. This research aims to produce an engineering and scientific comparison of various costs and benefits associated with the road agency and users about the construction of an alternative. The Project involves transportation demand estimation on different segments of the National and Arterial roads, Project Costs, travel time savings, safety saving, vehicle operating cost savings, economic efficiency analysis, Air quality impact and multi criterion transportation decision making. The transportation decision making process usually involves the evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of an alternative decision with respect to a base case DO-NOTHING Scenario. Author have taken the existing road way structure with no improvements as DO-NOTHING Scenario, whereas the construction of Rawalpindi Bypass (60 Km) with 2 lanes in each direction is taken as Alternative B and Rawalpindi Bypass (51 Km) as Alternative C. Multi criteria decision making technique is used for  decision  because  of  multiple  options  with  different  dimensions,  both  monetary  and  nonmonetary. Basing of MCDM this study recommends Alternative C (51 Km) for Rawalpindi Bypass.
Contribution of logistics diagnosis to cost minimization: The case of a subsidiary of the automotive industry
Authors: Riadh Harizi
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a diagnostic for the logistic activity of an industrial company in Tunisia. Our methodology is essentially based on the application of an Ishikawa diagram, the five Whys method, and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index for logistic costs. Our results show that the Coverage Rate of Logistics Costs is the determinant factor in the intensity of quarterly logistics costs, while the Economic Asset Turnover appears to be of secondary importance. The serious logistics costs are due to several problems currently detected. To reduce the growth of logistics costs, we must implement corrective actions, of three types: immediate operations, progressive operations, and projected operations. Thus, the improvement of the overall performance of the company must go with the reduction of logistics costs.
Investigation and statistical analysis on the deterrence effect of police patrol
Authors: Suo Qinghui , Suo Ruijun , Zhang Daming
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the deterrence effect of the police patrol on the road safety in China. A questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the drivers’ illegal behaviour and attitudes to these safety measures such as police patrol, surveillance cameras and warning signs. 137 drivers participated in the survey. The results showed that 45.3%, 4.4% and 16.8% of the respondents admitted that they had the experience of speeding, driving under influencing of alcohol and fatigued driving respectively; all of the participants believed that traffic police patrol would change their dangerous driving behaviours and police patrol is most effective among three road safety measures based on the investigations. Data about police patrol frequency and road crash rate on the road segment was collected from the local Transportation Administration Bureau and the regression analysis based on the data was conducted to investigate the direct effect of traffic police patrol on road safety improvement. The results indicated that increasing the frequency of police patrol has an obvious positive effect on improving the road safety and it is consistent with the results from self-reported questionnaire survey.
The impact of privacy and cybersecurity on e-record: The PNR Directive Adoption and the impact of GDPR
Authors: Chiappetta Andrea , Battaglia Andrea
Published: January 2019

Digital transformation means radically change how we manage interaction with everything, including goods, persons and data flows. Cyberspace is by nature borderless and open to everybody, and any sensitive personal info passing through it should be appropriately managed to ensure the protection of the users' identity and other personal records. The Passenger Name Record (EU Directive 2016/681) impacts for travelers, e-wallets for online shoppers, medical e-records for patients, etc., which may contain personal information provided by the users and collected by the service providers during the on-line transaction. While such records need to be shared for the smooth operation of the provided service, evidence shows that such sharing does not always respect the privacy of the data subjects. This paper address this challenge by proposing a comprehensive solution to safeguard and protect such on-line info and to preserve and protect the users’ privacy (GDPR) in order to improve the cybersecurity aspects at EU level with a focus on transports and blockchain.
Work zone traffic management in rehabilitation of M-2
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Khurshid Bilal Muhammad , Shakir Kamran Malik
Published: January 2019

Pakistan has a population of over 199 million and total road network of approximately 264,400 kilometers that serve about 16.2 million vehicles of all types. According to WHO estimates, there were approximately 30,000 annual Road Crash Fatalities (RCF) in Pakistan in year 2010. Work zone crashes account for significant proportion of all traffic crashes in Pakistan due to higher crash rate as compared to other parts of the highway network. Highway work zone is referred to road area where highway construction, maintenance or activity related to utility maintenance takes place. Workers in highway work zone are exposed to a variety of hazards and face risk of injury and death from construction equipment as well as passing motor vehicles. Safety measures and better understanding of risks involved while moving through the work zone have significant effects on the overall safety climate at work zones. Mismanaged work zone traffic increases the travel time delays, safety issues, vehicle operating costs (VOC) and other associated costs. Performance measures for the work zone traffic management includes user costs (travel time delay, crash cost, VOC), incident response and clearance time, queue length and community complaint. Different work Zone Traffic Management methodologies are being practiced worldwide and extensive research has been carried out at international level on country specific highway work zone safety but in Pakistan very few studies have been carried out on highway work zones. This research aims to critically analyze the impacts of the different Work Zone Traffic Management methods and recommend the best option for Expressways / Motorways in Pakistan. For the purpose of research, the author has selected a section of Motorway (M-2). Two different work zone traffic management methods are being followed in rehabilitation of M-2 .i.e. Parallel / Adjacent Method and Median Cross-Over Method. Performance measures selected for purpose of analysis are Travel Time Delay, Crash Cost (Safety) and VOC and data collected on section of M-2. After critical analysis, it is concluded that Parallel/ Adjacent Method results in lesser Travel Time delay and lesser VOC due to higher operating speeds and thus has higher savings, whereas Median Cross over Methods yield more Crash Cost savings. Keeping in view the driving habits / skills, poor maintenance of vehicles in Pakistan and risk of fatal accidents involved in parallel /adjacent method, median cross over method is preferred.
Le sombre éclat la disparition.
Authors: Wiener Élise
Published: January 2019

Au seuil de l'autobiographie et de la biographie, les romans de Patrick Modiano sont structurés par la résurgence du passé au sein d’un présent trouble et incertain. Cependant, quelque chose fait toujours échouer le récit en dehors du genre autobiographique : c’est justement dans ce qui la distingue de l'autobiographie que son oeuvre ouvre une réflexion singulière sur ce genre littéraire. Dora Bruder est à ce titre exemplaire. Essayant de construire la biographie d’une jeune fille anonyme avant sa déportation à Auschwitz, mais n’ayant pas suffisamment d’éléments lui permettant de la reconstituer avec précision, l’auteur puise dans son propre passé et instaure un jeu d’inversion paradoxale entre son histoire et celle de Dora. Il ne s’agit pas d’établir une biographie exacte de la jeune fille, mais de déployer, à partir de toute une gamme d'expériences temporelles, une forme narrative permettant de faire briller sa présence depuis le sombre éclat de sa disparition.
Michel Foucault, dramaturge du vrai
Authors: Barbalato Beatrice
Published: January 2019

Le travail des dernières années de Foucault s’est développé presque exclusivement autour de l’autos, le moi, le je. Ce souci de soi ne peut se concrétiser selon Foucault que dans l’actuel, et en faisant appel à la cura sui plutôt qu’au nosci te ipsum. Dans la constellation de sa pensée, trois pôles forment en quelque sorte la Grande Ourse de son travail : l’essai de Kant « Qu’est-ce que les Lumières ? » ; les derniers mots de Socrate rapportés dans le Phédon ; et la pratique ancienne de la parrêsia, le franc-parler en public. La cura sui s’impose pour Foucault comme un choix éthique, une philosophie qui postule une généalogie de l’interruption, une construction du sujet au-delà de tout telos (du grec τέλος, fin, objectif). Foucault a élu comme ligne de conduite le principe philosophique de la parrêsia. Il a lu les premières études de Giuseppe Scarpat, hélleniste contemporain, qui a analysé dans toute son ampleur la valeur originaire du terme.
Introduction à Le récit de soi, écouter, entendre, ouïr, ‘oreiller’
Authors: Barbalato Beatrice
Published: January 2019

Nietzsche a consacré plusieurs exposés aux formes de la transmission du savoir institutionnel. En distinguant grande oreille et petite oreille, il a voulu marquer la distance entre espionner/oreiller versus écouter/entendre. : « L’étudiant écoute […] Une bouche qui parle, beaucoup d’oreilles et moitié de mains qui écrivent – voilà l’appareil académique extérieur, voilà la machine à culture de l’Université mise en activité.

Pour tout le reste le possesseur de cette bouche est séparé et indépendant des détenteurs des nombreuses oreilles […] »
Ascoltare, sentire, non sentire
Authors: Morgavi Paola
Published: January 2019

Nell’esperienza sbarbariana l’udito è il senso presente in absentia. Il diario lirico di Pianissimo deriva dall’incapacità di sentire e di sentirsi. Da un lato la raccolta rivela il bisogno urgente di raccontare e raccontarsi, dall’altro denuncia la difficoltà -che presto si tramuta in impossibilità-di sentire e di sentirsi. Pertanto il poeta non più in grado di ascoltare la voce della propria anima, è costretto a rinunciare alla propria essenza, al linguaggio della poesia . Derubato della sua identità, elegge il mondo fenomenico dello sguardo quale unica forma di sopravvivenza e, rinunciando ad ogni forma di trascendenza, si fa cosa tra le cose, aderendo, inevitabilmente, «ad ogni pietra della città sorda».

Questo processo di reificazione, tuttavia, non avviene né senza tensioni, né senza contraddizioni, derivando entrambe dal disagio e dal tormento di chi vive «la tremenda privazione d’ogni consenso con la vita».
Introduzione au numéro 4 de Mnemosyne
Authors: Barbalato Beatrice
Published: January 2019

Gli articoli di questo numero 4 di Mnemosyne mettono a fuoco il carattere teleologico di tante autobiografie.

Analogamente a quanto afferma Frank Kermode (1967) per il romanzo il senso della fine è insito nell’atto stesso del raccontare. Le fiabe sono vere, ha scritto Italo Calvino perché « sono il catalogo dei destini che possono darsi a un uomo e ad una donna, soprattutto per la parte di vita che appunto è il farsi d’un destino » (1967). Inscriversi in un solco rassicura o giustifica l’accaduto. Le modalità sono diverse, e l’idea di una forza del destino è la tela di fondo di molte narrazioni autobiografiche.
Impulsion d’embarquement et embarcation fatale
Authors: Leforestier Claire
Published: January 2019

Le topos de l’embarquement vaut généralement amorce narrative. B. Traven, écrivant Le Vaisseau des morts (Das Totenschiff, 1926), diffère ce moment, qui devient central. Il fait courir sur quatre chapitres la scène-charnière où le narrateur rencontre un navire louche auquel, par un échange de dupes, il se lie. L’apparence d’une embarcation, funeste ou propice, s’avère ou se dément au fil du voyage: le pari sur la fortune du bateau est au programme du récit maritime. Mais qui miserait sur le mauvais ? Le discours pluriel du narrateur sur son embarquement est confus : il se dit libre ; néanmoins, on doute qu’il agisse proprio motu ; il finit par invoquer le destin. Démêler les forces en présence conduit à examiner le processus en vertu duquel, selon Traven, toute vie sera happée par un mécanisme inexorable. Dans Le Vaisseau des morts, la marginalisation d’un narrateur à l’identité ‘flottante’ donne prise aux recruteurs. Une conscience aiguë de l’agencement du piège, sur le plan énonciatif, le marquage d’une temporalité fatidique, sur le plan narratif, caractérisent l’unique roman maritime de Traven, initialement présenté comme « Histoire d’un marin américain ».
Portrait d'André Breton en téléologue
Authors: Suisse Noémie
Published: January 2019

Alors que le modèle explicitement loué par André Breton dans Nadja est celui de l'errance, le récit, lui, dessine clairement un chemin. Mettre au jour la configuration du récit sera une première étape: l'œuvre est soumise à la «ligne dure» de la fabula, qui mène au «point de fuite», véritable telos qui aimante l'écriture. La configuration vectorisée du récit est corollaire de la préfiguration qui place la diégèse sous le signe de la nécessité. La rencontre avec la femme aimée, à la fin de l'œuvre, permet à l'écrivain de renouer in extremis avec le récit aristotéléologique, pour employer un néologisme. La fortuna qui guide celui qui tente alors de s'imposer comme le point d'intersection du mouvement surréaliste ressemble fort à une fortune littéraire recherchée. «Hasard» heureux, Suzanne Ménard, ladite «Merveille» n'est autre que la maîtresse d'Emmanuel Berl, futur éditeur de Nadja. Circonstances éditoriales et deus ex machina amoureux sont inextricablement liés. La «ligne dure» du récit épouse ainsi la trajectoire virtuelle d'une postérité rêvée, correspond à une transfiguration de son auteur.
Irène Némirovsky et Paul Morand dans l’œil du cinéma
Authors: Mattiato Emmanuel
Published: January 2019

Irène Némirovsky et Paul Morand furent deux écrivains parmi les plus célèbres de l’entre-deux-guerres. Leurs œuvres respectives traduisent une même oscillation entre l’exaltation du Je, à travers le recours systématique à l’autobiographie romancée, et la dépréciation du moi, entendu comme manifestation de l’individualisme et conséquence paradoxale de la dépersonnalisation à l’ère des masses et de la société du spectacle. Pour décrire ce tiraillement, l’un et l’autre introduisent en littérature le langage du cinéma, un art alors récent qui unit mouvement mécanique et projection. Le défilement d’images sur une toile devient ainsi un symbole de l’homme projeté en-dehors de lui-même, épris de vitesse et de technique. Forme contemporaine du Fatum antique, l’« expressivité purement cinématographique du mouvement » (C. Pavese) trouve son incarnation littéraire tant dans les Films parlés de Némirovsky que dans la figure burlesque de Pierre, le antihéros tragique de L’homme pressé, l’un des romans autobiographiques les plus achevés de Morand.
Nanni Moretti, un rebelle au second plan
Authors: Carrée Roland
Published: January 2019

Après s’être mis en scène dans les rôles semi-autobiographiques de Michele Apicella, Nanni Moretti choisit de rester lui-même dans deux films mi-documentaires, mi-fictionnels : Journal intime et Aprile. À travers ces films, Moretti se rebelle contre les règles classiques de la narration au cinéma. En outre, le fait qu’il joue son propre rôle permet d’entremêler ses petites histoires personnelles avec la grande Histoire de l’Italie, représentée par Silvio Berlusconi, contre qui il prend un malin plaisir à se rebeller. La question de l’enfance – période de la vie où la rébellion devient presque une obligation lorsque l’on souhaite s’affirmer – sert de plus au cinéaste à lutter contre l’oppression menée par les adultes, dont il ne semble pas toujours faire partie. Enfin, en s’affichant à la première personne dans ces films (ainsi que dans Le Caïman), le cinéaste baisse les masques et se range du même côté́ que sa cible, dans le but de la désamorcer de l’intérieur.
Léo Malet
Authors: Pérolini Cédric
Published: January 2019

Enfant naturel, orphelin déscolarisé, travailleur précaire, petit délinquant, Léo Malet est, d’emblée, confronté à la violence sociale. Il s’engage dans divers mouvements révolutionnaires, et sera confronté à la prison. Il tentera de se reconstruire par l’écriture, d’abord dans le cadre du surréalisme, puis dans celui du roman policier. La forte dimension autobiographique des aventures de Nestor Burma, notamment, montre que, chez lui, l’enquête policière se double d’une quête d’identité et de légitimité. Ce travail de construction de soi s’achèvera avec la publication de son autobiographie, qui sera l’occasion pour lui de prendre conscience que sa personnalité se trouve finalement menacée par l’apparition d’une nouvelle ligne de faille, idéologique, celle-ci, liée à son évolution politique.
L’ autobiografia di un ribelle padre della patria
Authors: Lucarelli Massimo
Published: January 2019

Tra le opere autobiografiche risorgimentali, le Note mazziniane risultano particolarmente funzionali a un’analisi dei legami tra scrittura di sé, autolegittimazione e ribellione. Mazzini cominciò a redigerle a Londra, in esilio, nel marzo del 1861, proprio mentre a Torino si proclamava il Regno d’Italia. Lungi dal romanzesco e dall’individualismo tipici dell’autobiografia preromantica, le Note si presentano come un «sommario storico» il cui fine politico e nazionale giustifica la scrittura autobiografica. Esse sono infatti, soprattutto, un’autolegittimazione dell’azione politico-rivoluzionaria mazziniana e un documento di polemica contro la classe dirigente del neonato Regno d’Italia.
Ribelli dello Spirito tra estremo oriente ed estremo occidente
Authors: Oppedisano Francesca Rachele
Published: January 2019

Durante gli Anni Sessanta del secolo scorso, all’apice dello sviluppo della cultura giapponese riformata secondo i canoni liberaldemocratici di stampo occidentale, lo scrittore giapponese Yukio Mishima (Tokyo 1925 - 1970) decide di deporre le armi della poesia e della letteratura per incarnare l’eroe della restaurazione. Contro la progressiva colonizzazione del mondo orientale da parte dell’occidente, Mishima oppone l’antico mondo dei guerrieri e dei samurai ribellandosi alla parola e ai suoi regimi discorsivi in quanto responsabili del radicale fraintendimento del soggetto, costantemente ecceduto da qualcosa che discorre e, soprattutto, legifera al suo posto. Nel 1970 Mishima porterà a termine il suo compito infliggendosi un taglio nello stomaco alla maniera dei samurai. Resta tra gli esempi più rimarchevoli di ribelli dello spirito.
Introduzione” au numéro 6 de Mnemosyne
Authors: Barbalato Beatrice
Published: January 2019

« L’ethos, mémoire autobiographique de l’homme de science » est le thème traité dans ce numéro 6 de Mnemosyne o la costruzione del senso. On y trouvera des articles sur des autobiographies et biographies de scientifiques - surtout mathématiciens, physiciens, naturalistes, qui utilisent d’habitude des codes de communication très sectoriels, iconographiques ou écrits, dans leur profession. Le mot « science » nous réfère d'emblée à un domaine où l’application rigoureuse d’une méthodologie vise à trouver des récurrences dont les applications s’avèrent démontrables et reproductibles.

Ces autobiographies de scientifiques sont aussi un répertoire important pour observer le rapport toujours vivace entre littérature et science, qui se modifie dans le temps. Divers aspects de cette réciprocité ont été mis en lumière dans ce numéro. Les réflexions de Charles Percy Snow dans The Two Cultures (1959) restent un pôle de réflexion sur l’argument.
Origine d’une vocation, L’Autobiographie de Darwin
Authors: Rakotobe D'Alberto Noro
Published: January 2019

Dans L’Autobiographie, Charles Darwin présente la posture d’un homme de sciences qui œuvre pour le bien des hommes. L’oeuvre présente une dimension apologétique. La publication de De l’Origine des espèces en 1859 propulse le scientifique sur le devant de la scène internationale. Darwin s’attelle ensuite à la rédaction d’une « esquisse de [sa]vie »[1]. Il y revient sur la formation de son esprit scientifique et sur les différentes étapes qui conduisent à la publication de l’œuvre phare. Dans l’autobiographie, la passion du détail, de l’anecdote qui caractérise Darwin permet de brasser de vastes sujets. Le scientifique se présente comme un homme libre dont aucune dimension n’est négligée. Les questions esthétiques, morales et métaphysiques jouxtent la réflexion sur les missions du scientifique. L’autobiographie dresse également une importante galerie de scientifiques de l’Angleterre victorienne.

[1] Charles DARWIN, L’Autobiographie, Jean-Michel Goux (trad.), Paris, Seuil, « Science ouverte », 2008, p. 314.
Les Scientifiques Marvel
Authors: Rimbault Sylvain
Published: January 2019

Les histoires de super héros telles qu’elles sont relatées dans les films abondent de figures de scientifiques, profession qui n’est pas sans rapport avec leur metamorphose prochaines : leurs capacités (super pouvoirs), destins, quêtes leur sont souvent confiés par la science. Il est à noter cependant que si ces personnages utilisent leurs pouvoirs pouer effectuer des actes plus ou moins louables, ils ne sont pas les seuls à qui le succès doit revenir pleinement, ainsi des personnages secondaires sont tout aussi présents et aident les personnages principaux dans ce qu’ils doivent accomplir. Si les premiers sont vêtus de costumes reconnaissables et uniques, les seconds ne sont pas en reste ; il est difficile de ne pas voir ce que recouvre ces personnages secondaires en tant que porteurs de significations dans le paysage scientifique et leur place dans l’histoire. C’est en analysant les personnages et leurs costumes que nous tenterons d’en dégager les propriétés dans les films.
Les figures contemporaines d’Ettore Majorana
Authors: Klein Étienne
Published: January 2019

Cet article n'est pas disponible au téléchargement en raison du refus de publication de l'auteur en open access

Il est toutefois disponible à la commande au format papier dans la version complète de la revue sur le site des Presses universitaires de Louvain
In-Between Proust and Neuroscience
Authors: Struth Christiane
Published: January 2019

In his autobiography allusive of Marcel Proust’s literary autobiography À la recherche du temps perdu, Kandel describes and explores his own development as a molecular scientist who started out as a student of history and psychoanalysis with more than just a penchant for literature. Despite his conversion to neuroscience, which is told in great detail, Kandel’s motives in studying the brain are informed mainly by humanist ideals and episodes from his personal past. The author creates an image of himself as a scientist who is guided in his molecular research by both his good intuitions and received theories from the humanities. Hence, the aim of the present paper is to show how the author succeeds in modelling his scientific ethos at the interface of the humanities and the natural sciences and in what ways he generates a public image of himself as a ‘self-made man’ or, rather, scientist.
Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Della Putta Johnston Marina
Published: January 2019

Il saggio discute approcci diversi alla scrittura [auto]biografica di Leonardo, uomo di scienza la cui vita rimane un’opera aperta in continua evoluzione, da un lato per la scarsità di documenti storici e, dall’altro, per il fascino esercitato dall’artista scienziato sul pubblico sia accademico che generale. La strategia autoriale che Leonardo sviluppa nei suoi scritti viene brevemente introdotta a partire dalla traccia di una lettera di presentazione realmente indirizzata a Ludovico il Moro, per approdare poi ai frammenti della fittizia « Lettera al Diodario di Soria ». Quest’ultima viene prima presentata in relazione alle diversissime interpretazioni che ne diedero Jean Paul Richter (1883) e Robert Payne (1954), nel contesto della loro personale biografia di Leonardo, e poi ricontestualizzata nelle pagine leonardiane da cui è stata tratta e nel momento della sua composizione per poterla reinterpretare nell’ambito della strategia autoriale dello scrittore.
D’où viennent les idées (SCIENTIFIQUES) ?
Authors: Klein Étienne
Published: January 2019

Cet article n'est pas disponible au téléchargement en raison du refus de publication de l'auteur en open access

Il est toutefois disponible à la commande au format papier dans la version complète de la revue sur le site des Presses universitaires de Louvain
L'adoption dans Bubelè
Authors: Nysenholc Adolphe
Published: January 2019

Le texte propose une variation sur la notion d’adoption, à travers, principalement, un roman, Bubelè l’enfant à l’ombre. Un jeune enfant, caché dans une famille d’accueil, pour échapper à la déportation, y est trop petit pour comprendre, et s’est senti rejeté, voire puni par les siens. Et, après la guerre, s’éprouvant coupable d’abandonner injustement ses sauveurs qui ont été « meilleurs » que ses parents, il refuse de partir dans deux Terres Promises : l’Amérique et Israël. Il s’est parentifié, a « adopté» lui ses parrains. Et à leur mort, écrivant ce livre, il se forge une écriture qui accroche, pour essayer de se faire adopter, cette fois, par le lecteur. Il découvre que la figure de style qu’il affectionne, la métaphore, en identifiant des éléments sans parenté, fonctionne selon un même mécanisme que l’adoption. Et estime finalement que toute adoption aspire à renouveler la première, celle qui s’opéra au sein même de la mère.
Vicarious Mothers in Fascist Regime Cinema
Authors: Bettella Patrizia
Published: January 2019

Fascist regime proclaimed that women’s preeminent roles were those of wife, mother and breeder of many children fot the Fatherland. The myth of motherhood became central in Fascism. Yet a limited number of documentaries and commercial films deals with motherhood. In commercial films it is remarkable to find that some maternal melodramas focus on the vicarious mothers, a generous, self- sacrificing woman, who acts as the mother of a child who is not her own. The article examines Righelli’s La canzone dell’amore, Ballerini’s La fuggitiva and Poggioli’s Sissignora where the surrogate mother, a young orphans with no parental experience, is juxtaposed with the biological parent, who is portrayed as a bad mother. The self-centred, transgressive biological mother contrasts with the exemplary vicarious mother, who, like a Marian figure, is willing to sacrifice herself for the good of her putative child.
Una breve storia dell’adozione
Authors: Vegliante Angela
Published: January 2019

L’adozione, e cioè la pratica che consente di creare un legame giuridico tra soggetti che generalmente non sono legati da vincoli di sangue, è stata conosciuta fin dall’antichità. Molto diffusa in epoca romana, aveva lo scopo di assicurare la succession nel patrimonio e il culto dei Lari.

Quasi dimenticata nel Medio Evo, divenne di nuovo popolare nel XVII secolo e fu infine disciplinata nel Codice Napoleonico, che ne influenzò la regolamentazione in diversi Paesi europei.

L’adozione ‘moderna’ e cioè l’adozione di minori, ebbe inizio dal punto di vista giuridico molto più tardi, negli Stati Uniti e in Europa fu disciplinata verso la metà del secolo XX.  La legislazione in questa materia è attualmente molto vasta e dettagliata, a livello sia nazionale che internazionale. Dal momento che le adozioni,  e soprattutto  le adozioni internazionali sono diventate sempre più diffuse, diverse convenzioni internazionali sono state adottate  per garantire la protezione dei diritti dei minori e per promuovere la cooperazione e la facilitazione delle procedure a livello nazionale e internazionale.
To be adopted or not to be adopted
Authors: Gürses İlknur , Becerikli Rifat
Published: January 2019

Cet article n'est pas disponible au téléchargement en raison du refus de publication de des auteurs en open access

Il est toutefois disponible à la commande au format papier dans la version complète de la revue sur le site des Presses universitaires de Louvain
Raccontare /raccontarsi : i matematici
Authors: Emmer Michele
Published: January 2019

Matematica significa teoremi, inventare teorie, metodi, algoritmi. E’ un’attività creatrice a tutti gli effetti. Poco comprensibile, però. Ecco allora il raccontare, raccontarsi, anche per chiarire a se stessi, che cosa avaviene nel momento in cui appare davanti agli occhi di un ricercatore la rivelazione della avvenuta dimostrazione di un risultato che nessuno ha mai ottenuto prima.
Komponen Sindrom Metabolik sebagai Faktor Risiko Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Stadium Terminal (Studi di RSUP Dr.Kariadi dan RSUD Kota Semarang)
Authors: Ikawati Kartika , Chasani Shofa , Suhartono Suhartono , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Budijitno Selamat
Published: January 2019

Background: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has been among the top ten list of non infectious diseases frequently found at RSUP dr. Kariadi and RSUD Kota Semarang. Risk factors for ESRD are metabolic syndrome components, which are having an upward trend. This study had an objective to provided an evidence of metabolic syndrome factors that became risk factors for ESRD.Method: This study applied an analytical observational method with a case control study design. The study used 90 respondents as samples, divided into two different groups: 45 respondents as case samples and 45 respondents as control samples with consecutive sampling. Variables in this study ware the individual characteristics and history of suffering from metabolic syndrome components. Data were collected by interview, medical record, and indepth interview. These data were subject to analyses using univariat, bivariate, and multivariate tests.Results: The study found the risk factors for ESRD as the followings: hypertension term of> 5 years (OR=10,89 and 95% CI=3,08-38,59; p=0,000), diabetes mellitus term of > 5 years (OR=3,84; 95% CI=1,20-12,30; p=0,023), and low HDL-cholesterol history of < 35 mg/dL(men) and < 40 mg/dL(women) with (OR=3.123, 95% CI=1.08-9.04; p=0,04). The indepth interview resulted in adequate knowledge of the respondents about the risk factors for ESRD.Conclusion: Risk factors for ESRD found during the observation were hypertension term of >5 years, diabetes mellitus term of >5 years, and low cholesterol HDL. To prevent theprogression of chronik kidney disease required strict control of metabolic syndrome.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian Tuberkulosis pada Wanita (Studi Kasus di RSUD Kabupaten Brebes)
Authors: Muslih Muslih , Lukmono Djoko Tri Hadi , Suhartono Suhartono , Suwondo Ari , Martini Martini
Published: January 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) risk in women increased during the productive age. Various problems can arise if a woman suffering from TB given the role of women, especially married, pregnant, and have children. Her role as a housewife who must carry out the task of physical and mental care of children at the same time taking care of her husband will be disrupted. To determine the chances of marital status, pregnancy, parity, physical activity, level of education, level of knowledge, the kitchen smoke pollution, household contact history, history of comorbidities DM, population density, and spacious house ventilation of TB incidence in women.Methods: The study was observational analytic study with case control design. The sample size is as much as 128 people, consisting of 64 cases and 64 controls. Sampling was done by proportional random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with univariable, bivariable, and multivariable.Results: The results of multivariate analysis, parity (OR 5.9, 95% CI 2.40-14.89, p 0.0001), contact history (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.75-14.14, p 0.003), pollution kitchen smoke (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.71-10.67, p 0.002), ventilation (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.72- 10.44, p 0.002) as a risk factor for TB in women.Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in women in Brebes chance or greater risk inwomen with high parity, a history of contacts, exposure to cooking smoke pollution is high and stay at home with ventilation that do not qualify health requirements.
POTENSI LAHAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA BUAH NANAS UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DI KABUPATEN SUBANG
Authors: Lisanti Meyliana Mey , Widiatmaka W , Sahara S
Published: January 2019

Subang Regency has the main sector in the field of agriculture that is pineapple fruit horticulture. According to Subang Spatial Planning Regulation of 2011 - 2031 agricultural potential that has the opportunity to increase the financing capacity of regional development is pineapple fruit. The objectives of this study were to: (1) delineate the available land for pineapple fruit, (2) evaluate the suitability of the land for pineapple fruit cultivation, (3) determine the potential land location for pineapple fruit development. The methodology used in this study was an analysis of Geographic Information System and land evaluation based on limiting factor to compare the characteristics of the land with the requirements of growing plants. The results showed that of potential land for the development of pineapple fruit is spread over the south side of Subang Regency. Sub-district prioritized the recommended for development is sub-district which have the area of available land and have the widest suitability, namely Cijambe Sub-district with an area of 2,124 hectares and Jalancagak sub-district with an area of 1,135 hectares.
Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
Authors: Ilhan Mert , Akkol Esra Küpeli , Taştan Hakkı , Dereli Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç , Tümen Ibrahim
Published: January 2019

In Turkish folk medicine, the fruits ofPyrus elaeagnifoliasubsp.elaeagnifoliahave been used to treat diarrhea and detoxify poisonous snake bites by enlarging the wound. The aim of the study was to confirm the ethnopharmacological usage of the plant usingin vivoandin vitromodels. Experimental colitis was performed under anesthesia by intrarectal administration of acetic acid in rats, and the extracts were administered orally. The colonic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitrite levels, in addition to the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities, were measured to determine the effects of the plant extracts. The methanol (MeOH) extract revealed a significant decrease in MPO and caspase-3 levels. The MeOH extract was found to have the highest total tannin content. It was also found to have significant antioxidant (p˂ 0.01) and anti-inflammatory activities (p˂ 0.05) in acetic acid induced colitis rat model . According to our results, the present study exhibited a decrease in MDA, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-αlevels in the colon tissue and blood in the MeOH extract treated group. The findings of this study can help in treating various disorders, such asClostridium difficileinfection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel diseases.