bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TAHANAN LUAR (RLUAR) TERHADAP TORSI MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASA JENIS ROTOR BELITAN DL 10120RHD3
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2022

Karakteristik motor induksi sebagai penggerak ditentukan berdasarkan parameternya, yaitu : tahanan stator, tahanan rotor, reaktansi bocor stator, reaktansi bocor rotor, reaktansi magnetisasi dan tahanan inti besi. Nilai parameter tidak termuat dalam name plate motor dan nilai parameter dapat dicari dengan melakukan pengujian tahanan DC, pngujian beban nol (no load) dan pengujian rotor tertahan (block- rotor). Pengujian beban nol disimulasikan dengan memaksimalkan tahanan rotor, dimana slip mendekati nol (s = 0) dan pengujian rotor tertahan disimulasikan dengan menahan rotor tetap diam atau menimumkan nilai tahanan rotor, dimana slip bernilai satu (s = 1). Hasil pengujian, parameter motor induksi 3phasa DL 10120RHD3 dengan Tahanan Stator (R1) = 1,77 Ω, Tahanan Rotor (R2) = 0,42 Ω, Reaktansi stator (X1) = 3,51Ω, Reaktansi stator (X2) = 3,51Ω dan Reaktansi magnetik (Xm) = 58,95 Ω. Pengaruh penambahan Rluar mengakibatkan Tstart dan Slip mengalami kenaikan, dimana Rluar = 0 Ω, nilai Tstart = 5,85 Nm, Slip = 0,06 dan Rluar = 6 Ω, nilai Tstart = 43,13 Nm, Slip 0,88 dan Istart mengalami penurunan, dimana Rluar = 0 Ω, nilai Istart = 27,07 A dan Rluar = 6 Ω, nilai Istart = 18,80 A. Hasil pengujian dan perhitungan menunjukkan arah dengan karakteristik sama dengan nilai yang berbeda
PENENTUAN JUMLAH UNIT DAN KAPASITAS PEMBANGKIT SESUAI POLA BEBAN PADA PLTD FAOBATA DI KABUPATEN NGADA
Authors: Galla Wellem F.
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah unit dan kapasitas pembangkit sesuai pola beban pada PLTD Faobata di Kabupaten Ngada. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yakni menentukan jumlah unit dan kapasitas pembangkit pada PLTD Faobata Kabupaten Ngada, berdasarkan pola pembebanan dengan mempertimbangkan Plant Capacity Factor (PCF) dan Plant Use Factor (PUF). Data penelitian yang dikumpulkan antara lain kapasitas terpasang dan daya mampu Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel, pengoperasian pembangkit listrik, data beban listrik berdasarkan pencatatan beban harian pada PLTD Faobata dan data perencanaan yang diperoleh dari PLN Wilayah NTT. Dari hasil penelitian pada kondisi existing tahun 2015 diperoleh nilai PCF 0,391105 artinya kapasitas cadangan sekitar 61%, dan nilai PUF rata-rata adalah 0,879123. Untuk memperbaiki pengoperasian unit existing dilakukan penjadwalan ulang dan memperoleh nilai PCF yaitu 0,391105 dan nilai PUF rata-rata 0,913834 lebih baik dari pengoperasian unit existing karena lebih mendekati 1.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI KELUARAN DAYA SOLAR SEL BERDASARKAN SUDUT KEMIRINGAN
Authors: Kurniati Sri , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi penggunaan solar sel berdasarkan sudut kemiringan. Dalam sistem ini dipasang panel solar sel 100 Wp, aki untuk pengisian energi listrik 140 Ah, dan inverter 1300 Watt untuk menghidupkan lampu neon dan penyediaan sumber energi. Metode yang digunakan adalah melakukan eksperimen dengan melalui pengaturan sudut kemiringan panel solar sel dalam pengisian aki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas maksimun daya listrik yang mampu dioperasikan dalam aplikasi solar sel sebesar 350 Watt dengan posisi kemiringan 25O.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KINERJA PENGGUNAAN FILTER PASIF DAN FILTER AKTIF PADA PENYEARAH DC TERKENDALI SATU PHASA
Authors: .A Sri Kurniati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja penyearah terkendali satu phasa dengan melakukan perbandingan penggunaan filter pasif dan filter aktif yang dibebani tahanan (resistor) sebesar 20 Ohm. Nilai Total Distorsi Harmonik (THD) dan faktor kerja (PF yang menunjukkan kinerja penyearah diukur secara langsung di dalam simulasi rangkaian dengan menggunakan PSPICE versi 7.1

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harmonisa atau THD yang timbul pada penyearah terkendali satu phasa dengan menggunakan filter pasif pada sudut penyalaan 100 – 600 adalah 1,914% -2,591%, sedangkan pada filter aktif sebesar 0,448% - 0,769. Dari sisi keluaran penyearah diperoleh riak tegangan sebesar 17,13% – 52,52% pada filter pasif, sedangkan filter aktif sebesar 21,53% - 30,92%. Berdasarkan riak tegangan yang diperoleh dari kedua filter ini, maka diperoleh faktor daya antara 0,27  - 0,52 (leading) dan efisiensi antara 78,38%-97,15%  pada filter pasif sedangkan pada filter  aktif diperoleh faktor daya sebesar 0,76 – 0,9 (lagging) dan efisiensi 91,27%-95,57.  Dari hasil analisis dari kedua filter tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kinerja filter aktif lebih baik dibanding dengan filter pasif.
IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN SENSOR NIRKABEL SEBAGAI BASIS SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI BAHAYA TANAH LONGSOR
Authors: Mige Godlief Erwin Semuel
Published: March 2022

Frekuensi bencana tanah longsor semakin meningkat pada musim penghujan. Hal ini karena tingkat vegetasi yang rendah pada kontur tanah yang relatif curam. Selain itu tidak ada sistem peringatan dini yang terpasang pada daerah-daerah kritis. Pada penelitian ini Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel (Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)) dirancang untuk memantau dan mendeteksi terjadinya tanah longsor, dengan cara membaca getaran, baik pada permukaan maupun pada bagian dalam tanah longsor dengan menggunakan sensor getaran (accelerometer), serta dapat memantau pergeseran permukaan tanah longsor dengan fasilitas sensor Geographic Possition System (GPS). Kinerja dari jaringan yang telah dibuat diuji untuk mengetahui kualitas performanya, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap konsumsi arus selama jaringan tersebut bekerja pada objek pantau, yaitu tanah longsor buatan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan analisa data menunjukkan bahwa jaringan sensor nirkabel yang telah dibangun dapat memantau aktivitas getaran tanah longsor dengan sensitivitas ± 17%, serta dapat membaca posisi pergerakan permukaan tanah longsor dengan tingkat kesalahan hanya 0,00014%. Dalam melakukan komunikasi data satu dengan lainnya, delay transmisi maksimum yang terukur adalah 1,275 detik, dan delay minimum sebesar 0,98 detik. Kemudian paket data yang hilang selama 12 jam waktu pengukuran maksimum sebesar ±2%, dan konsumsi arus dari WSN dalam memantau aktivitas tanah longsor mencapai lama ketahanan ±11 jam.
MONITORING DAN PERINGATAN DINI TERHADAP PENYAKIT MENULAR PADA PUSKESMAS DAN BALAI PENGOBATAN DI KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Lami H. F.J , Pella S.I.
Published: March 2022

Sistem pelaporan monitoring penyakit menular pada Dinas Kesehatan (Dinkes) Kota Kupang dilakukan tiap bulan. Proses pengumpulan dan pengelolahan data bersifat paper based dan manual oleh tiap 11 puskesmas dan 2 balai pengobatan. Keterlambatan dan keakuratan data laporan W2 menyebabkan pengambilan keputusan tanggap darurat penyakit menular tidak optimal. Melalui implementasi SIMOK-w2, petugas surveilans melaporkan data w2 ke server Dinkes kota untuk diproses dan dipublikasikan pada website dinkes.
From Outdoors to Labour Market - Research Report
Authors: Hildmann Jule
Published: March 2022

This report presents a summary of the research activities conducted by The University of Edinburgh around the European knowledge exchange and impact project 'From Outdoors to Labour Market' that delivered an Outdoor Learning (OL) programme to over 990 young adults in Ireland, Poland and Spain between September 2018 and February 2022. The report consists primarily of (a) an executive summary, (b) a description of the FOLM project and the OL programme it employed, and (c) the objectives, methodology and findings of the research. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods collected data from programme participants, staff, and to a lesser extent, external stakeholders. Key findings: Over 80% of participants moved into employment or education; statistically significant increases were shown in Sense of Agency and positive Self-Concept through the programme, and a range of transferable skills. The report presents factors of impact, barriers to success, impact of the C-19 pandemic, regional adaptations and other lessons learned. Conclusion: The programme is highly successful in promoting employability-related and transformative competencies and can be adapted to regional needs and infrastructures.
An Optimize Weights Naïve Bayes Model for Early Detection of Diabetes
Authors: Somantri Oman
Published: March 2022

This research proposes a method to optimize the accuracy of the Naïve Bayes (NB) model by optimizing weight using a genetic algorithm (GA). The process of giving optimal weight is carried out when the data will be input into the analysis process using NB. The research stages were conducted by preprocessing the data, searching for the classic naïve Bayes model, optimizing the weight, applying the hybrid model, and as the final stage, evaluating the model. The results showed an increase in the accuracy of the proposed model, where the naïve Bayes classical model produced accuracy rate of 87.69% and increased to 88.65% after optimization using GA. The results of the study conclude that the proposed optimization model can increase the accuracy of the classification of early detection of diabetes.
UJi Anti Bakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Etil Asetat Daun Binahong (Andredera cardifolia (Ten) Steenis) Asal Desa Sakita Kabupaten Morowali Terhadap Propionibakterium acnes
Authors: Edi Kamal Sainal , Prayitno Suprapto
Published: March 2022

Berdasarkan catatan studi dermatologi kosmetika Indonesia didapatkan bahwa penderita ance vulgaris tahun 2006 sebanyak 60% dan tahun 2007 sebanyak 80%. Pada umunya insiden acne vulgaris terjadi sekitar usia 14 – 17 tahun pada wanita dan 16 – 19 tahun pada pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat Daun Binahong dalam menghambat bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar pada medium NA. Hasil penelitian didapatkan Pada konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 2% diameter rata-rata adalah 10 mm, pada konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 4% diameter rata-rata adalah 12 mm, pada konsentrasi ekstrak etanol 6% diameter rata-rata adalah 14 mm, pada kontrol positif diameter rata-rata adalah 15,6 mm. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi ektrak etil asetat 2% diameter rata-rata adalah 8,3 mm, pada konsentrasi ektrak etil asetat 4% diameter rata-rata adalah 11 mm, pada konsentrasi ektrak etil asetat 6% diameter rata-rata adalah 12,3 mm dan kontrol positif diameter rata-rata adalah 17 mm. Zona hambat terbesar yang terbentuk pada konsetrasi ekstrak etanol adalah 6% dengan diameter rata-rata sebesar 14 mm dan zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat adalah 6% dengan diameter rata-rata sebesar 12,3 mm
Studi Etnofarmasi Tanaman Obat di Desa Risa Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima
Authors: Megawati Megawati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai etnofarmasi tanaman obat di Desa Risa Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima berdasarkan jenis tanaman obat, spesies, famili, bagian tanaman, manfaat, cara pengolahan dan cara penggunaan tanaman obat yang dimanfaatkan masayarakat. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 31 jenis spesies tanaman obat berdasarkan nama daerah tanaman tersebut di masyarakat Desa Risa Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima. Famili tanaman yang paling banyak adalah Lamiaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, dan Poaceae.  Bagian tanaman yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai obat yaitu bagian daun dengan persentase 68,42 %.
PERANCANGAN E-COMMERCE PADA JEYS CORNER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
Authors: Haiqal Maulana Rifki , Yuliazmi Yuliazmi
Published: March 2022

Jeys Corner merupakan sebuah toko online yang menjual produk perawatan kulit. Jeys Corner memasarkan produknya melalui media sosial Instagram. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi saat ini, penjualan pada website E-Commerce digunakan untuk kebutuhan bisnis yang cepat dan tepat. Masalah yang terjadi pada Jeys Corner adalah belum maksimalnya pemasaran yang digunakan, sering membludaknya antrian pertanyaan mengenai produk di aplikasi chat di Jeys Corner dikarenakan tidak adanya informasi yang lengkap mengenai produk yang dijual pada Jeys Corner. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan penulis yaitu wawancara, observasi, analisa dokumen, dan studi literatur. Tools yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wordpress untuk template website, content management system untuk sistem yang digunakan oleh wordpress tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini menggunakan Business Model Canvas. Hasil akhir yang dicapai adalah prototipe sistem e-commerce untuk mengatasi masalah yang terdapat pada Jeys Corner.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENJUALAN BERBASIS E-COMMERCE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PADA TOKO XYZ COLLECTION
Authors: Hamdani Agus Umar , Sihotang Louisa Eunike
Published: March 2022

Toko XYZ merupakan sebuah badan usaha yang bergerak di bidang penjualan perlengkapan baju gamis dan pengantin serta barang – barang pendukung lainnya. Toko XYZ Collection sendiri berlokasi di ITC Cipulir Lantai 1 Blok 3 No.130-131. Saat ini proses penjualan dan pengolahan data yang masih dilakukan secara manual dan mengalami beberapa kendala yaitu seperti: kurangnya promosi pada setiap produk yang di tawarkan, stok barang yang tidak terpantau yang mengakibatkan barang dengan model lama susah untuk terjual kembali, Proses pencatatan laporan penjualan yang masih menjadi satu dengan pendapatan yang mengakibatkan setiap laporan belum memiliki data yang valid. Melihat kondisi bisnis di atas, maka diperlukan adanya sebuah sistem untuk mengatasai permasalahan yang terjadi pada saat ini. Perancangan sistem E-Commerce merupakan sebuah solusi yang efektif untuk membantu Toko XYZ dalam menyelesaikan semua permasalahan yang ada. Perancangan  aplikasi sistem penjualan ini bertujuan untuk membantu Toko XYZ dalam melakukan proses penjualan dan juga dalam pembuatan laporan yang mana dalam pembuatan aplikasi ini menggunakan metode Waterfall dengan Content Management System. Dengan hasil akhir dari perancangan E-Commerce ini adalah dapat membantu Toko XYZ meningkatkan pendapatan penjualan barang.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL E-COMMERCE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN PAKAIAN MENGGUNAKAN CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION DAN STRATEGI MARKETING 4P
Authors: Hamdani Agus Umar , Himawan Aldy
Published: March 2022

Persaingan bisnis yang semakin pesat saat ini mendorong pemilik usaha untuk mengembangkan bisnisnya dengan perantara teknologi informasi. Salah satu teknologi informasi yang digunakan untuk tujuan bisnis adalah perdangan elektronik atau dikenal dengan istilah E-Commerce. Toko XYZ adalah toko yang menjual berbagai jenis model pakaian pria dan wanita di Jakarta. Dalam keberlangsungnya masih memiliki beberapa permasalahan, antara lain : pelanggan tidak mengetahui informasi produk/diskon terbaru, pemesanan dan pembayaran produk masih dilakukan manual dengan dating ke toko, tidak ada informasi stok produk dan kurangnya promosi. Kedepannya Toko XYZ berharap dapat bersaing dengan adanya Website Toko Online. Adapun metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan metode Business Model Canvas untuk menganalisis model bisnis, analisis dan perancangan E-Commerce menggunakan pendekatan Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) dengan tools Unified Modeling (Language UML), implementasi aplikasi E-Commerce menggunakan Content Management System (CMS) yaitu Wordpess, teknisk Search Engine Optimization (SEO) menggunakan pendekatan optimasi On-Page dan teknik pemasaran menggunakan strategi 4P (Product, Promotion, Price dan Place). Dengan adanya toko online diharapkan dapa mendatangkan para pelanggan baru serta memudahkan para pelanggan untuk mendapatkan informasi serta produk dari Toko XYZ.
TO STUDY OPIOID SPARING EFFECT OF PECTORALIS PLANE BLOCK WHEN USED WITH GENERALANAESTHESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Jain Parul , Bharang Madhuri , Arora K. K. , Kabir Kaushal
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is one the most common carcinoma in our country. MRM is thus one of the most
commonly performed surgery. Adequate pain relief is of outmost importance for patient's wellbeing and early recovery.
Various methods are used to provide analgesia like drugs, blocks, regional anaesthesia etc. Most commonly used drugs for this purpose are
opioids but they have their own related side effects mainly post-operative. To come over those side effects, we have used PEC blocks in our study
for pain relief.
Materials and Methods: This prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in 60, ASA 1, 2 patients, planned for Modied Radical
Mastectomy (MRM) under general anesthesia. After approval from institution scientic and research committee, and obtaining written informed
consent, the patients were randomly divided into two groups (A and B). Group A (N=30), received general anaesthesia with i.v. fentanyl at the
dose of 2microgram/kg BW. Group B (N=30) received general anaesthesia with PEC block and i.v. paracetamol at dose of 15mg/kg. The
intraoperative hemodynamics, total amount of opioids used intraoperatively, time of rst rescue analgesia, total consumption of analgesics in 24
hours after completion of surgery and side effects were noted and compared between the two groups.
Results: time of rst rescue analgesic was signicantly more in B than group A. total consumption of opioids was signicantly more in group B
when compared with group A. Opioids related side effects were spared in group B when compared with group A.
Conclusion: PEC blocks can be used effectively for intra-operative and post-operative pain relief in patients undergoing MRM under general
anaesthesia thereby decreasing the incidence of opioids related side-effects
“AN AVERAGE BURDEN OF FINANCE IN PATIENT WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY”
Authors: Pushkar Radhika , Tiwari Vikas , Mehar Anita , Bhateja Pridhi Panwar
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetes is achronic life style dieases that has numerous systemic and ocular manifestations.The cost of
diabetes can be a major burden as the dieases does not have cure and its complications increases with increasing duration
of the disease.
Methodology: The study was done on an questionaire based interview where 119 subjects were taken. Questions were related to the cost of
treating diabetic retinopathy, its direct and indirect cost.
Result: Atotal of 119 subjects where 61% were male and 39% were female. The mean age was 61.93 years. The average direct cost yearly was Rs
15,907.56 and the average indirect cost yearly was Rs 88214.28.
Conclusion: The presence of diabetic retinopathy was associated with direct and indirect cost, so preventing progression of diabetic retinopathy
may reduce the economic burden. Diabetic Retinopathy is a chronic eye disease that has numerous ocular manifestations. The cost of diabetic
retinopathy can be a major burden as the diseases does not have cure and its complications increase with increasing duration of the disease. This
was seen in our study, a presence of diabetic retinopathy was associated with direct and indirect cost, so preventing progression of diabetic
retinopathy may reduce the economic burden.
EVALUATION OF SALIVARY COTININE LEVEL IN SECOND-HAND SMOKERS - A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Laxmikanth Chatra , Vijila K V , Prashanth Shenoy , Veena K M , Rachana V Prabhu , Prathima Shetty
Published: March 2022

Understanding SHS exposure is important in measuring and preventing exposure. Estimation of the Cotinine values help
in biochemical validation and cessation outcomes. The biochemically estimated cotinine levels is found to be an
indicator, second hand smoke exposure or use of therapeutic nicotine.
AIMS:To evaluate salivary cotinine level in second-hand smokers
MATERIALS AND METHODS : 78 study subjects divided into 2 groups (Group 1 and Group 2) of 39 each. The saliva samples were collected
from subjects who had no previous history of tobacco smoking and subjects who are second-hand smokers. Their cotinine contents were
measured using the competitive ELISAmethod according to the standard curve.
STATISTICALANALYSIS: Data analysed by using descriptive analysis. Independent t-test was used to compare the cotinine concentration
between the groups.
RESULTS:The mean salivary cotinine level in groups (Group 1 and Group 2) was found to be 20.37 ng/ml and 6.78 ng/ml respectively..
CONCLUSIONS:salivary cotinine level was signicantly high in second hand smokers compared to nonsmokers.
SERUM IRON PARAMETERS AS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Sawant Snehal S. , Varma Vinayak , Rani Anita
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breasts are an important aspect of a woman's femininity and all aberrations in their functional and
cosmetic attributes are essential for scientic evaluation as breast cancer has become the most common cancer among women worldwide.
Its risk increases with age and menopausal status. Serum parameters like Ferritin and TIBC concentration is altered in sera of these patients. Iron
homeostasis is inuenced by estrogen and overload impacts cellular proliferation and physiological dysfunction in electron and oxygen transport,
energy production and DNA synthesis. A vicious cycle between breast cancer, iron homeostasis deregulation, menopausal status and serum
parameters derangement enables us to prognosticate such patients.
METHOD: Histopathologically conrmed, 50 newly diagnosed cases were analyzed with age matched 50 clinically healthy controls with no
family history. Level of serum ferritin was estimated by Sandwich Elisa using Ferritin SAElisa kit and serum TIBC level measured with CL-1000i
Chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.
RESULT: Serum ferritin level in breast cancer cases (300.73±25.33ng/ml) was statistically higher than in controls (85.22±41.80ng/ml). In breast
cancer, ferritin level was higher in postmenopausal (300.73±25.33ng/ml) compared to premenopausal (228.059±11.24ng/ml) patients and even in
their healthy counterparts.Serum TIBC level in breast cancer (772.99±127.93) was higher than in controls (329.41± 69.40).In postmenopausal
breast cancer female TIBC level was higher (815.39±104.32) compared to premenopausal females (652.31±110.86) and similarly it was higher in
postmenopausal healthy controls than in premenopausal controls and signicant statistically.
CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin and TIBC parameters can be used as prognostic markers for breast cancer and their levels are elevated in
postmenopausal females of both breast cancer patients and healthy cases.
EVALUATION OF FETAL HEALTH IN HIGHRISK PREGNANCIES BY DOPPLER FLOW STUDIES
Authors: Munshi Rounak , Panwar Nisha , Agrawal Shailja , Garg Mohit
Published: March 2022

The Rapid growth of the health industry has brought about numerous
reforms in the eld of medical science. Newer diagnostic modalities
and advanced treatment régimes has brought about a massive
reduction in morbidity and mortality bring about a signicant change
in quality of life and life expectancy. The advances are brought about
my rening the existing methods or researching the development of
newer modalities. Radiographic investigations and interventions in
fetal medicine have advanced signicantly in the last decade and has
given birth to the concept of fetal medicine and the obstetrician now
focus on fetal well-being by use of radiographic techniques and blood
investigations to access the fetal growth, early detection of avoidable
complications and timely interventions to archive a positive outcome
in high-risk cases of pregnancy
OVARIAN SEX CORD STROMAL TUMORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: AN INSTITUTIONAL-BASED STUDY
Authors: K Apoorva. , Patil Akkamahadevi , Amirtham Usha , G Champaka. , .V.R Pallavi , H.V Raghavendra.
Published: March 2022

Background: Ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors (SCST) are rare group of tumors constituting approximately 5 to 10 % of all ovarian neoplasms,
and they are infrequent in the paediatric age group. They exhibit a wide range of differentiation, and their varied clinical presentations and
pathological ndings necessitate a systematic study of these tumours.
Objectives: To study the clinical presentation and pathological prole of ovarian sex cord stromal tumors among the paediatric age group in a
tertiary cancer centre.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours primarily diagnosed at a tertiary cancer
institute. The clinical and pathological prole of paediatric patients (< 18years) with these tumours were analysed.
Results: Six qualied the inclusion criteria in the study period. The median age was 14 years and menstrual irregularities were the most common
presentation. The mean tumor size was 11 cm. The most frequent tumor type was juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Four cases were staged as FIGO
stage I while two cases were staged I . During a mean follow-up period of 4 years four cases were disease free. A C
Conclusion: The diagnosis of paediatric SCST is challenging as they present with nonspecic pelvic symptoms and subtle unique clinical and
histomorphological features that can be missed unless there is high index of suspicion and they can be misdiagnosed as germ cell or epithelial
neoplasm which differs in treatment and prognosis.
STUDY OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION AMONG NEONATES
Authors: Jamdhade Sushil , Abdul Muqtadir Ansari Mohammed , Jadhav Rasika , Khan Noman
Published: March 2022

Failure to pass meconium by a full-term neonate within the rst 24 hours should raise a suspicion of bowel obstruction . The commonest reported
causes of bowel obstruction in decreasing order includes anorectal malformations, duodenal atresia , jejunoileal atresia , Hirschsprung's disease ,
meconium ileus and meconium plug syndrome(1) . Other neonatal medical conditions like hypothyroidism , hypokalemia , sepsis and congestive
heart failure are also reported to cause bowel obstruction (2). The aim of this observational cross sectional study of 60 patients from Dec. 2016 to
June. 2018 was to study the types and clinical features of neonatal intestinal obstruction , various modalities of intervention , to study the prognosis
and causes of adverse outcome. The study showed that the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction is seen to be anorectal anomalies,
predominantly Anorectal Malformations . The diagnosis of these disorders is done with minimal investigations . These anorectal malformations
require initial evaluation to rule out associated anomalies and surgical intervention in the form of either anal cut back or stoma creation
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ROLE OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY ON BLEEDING AFTER DENTAL EXTRACTION.
Authors: Sarkar Aniket , De Sumit , Banerjee Lahari , Ghosh Samiran
Published: March 2022

Planning for dental extraction for patients under antiplatelet therapy remains controversial. Still now there is no such agreed protocol regarding the
modication of antiplatelet treatment in different doses for patients requiring dental extraction.
“CLINICALAND LABORATORY PROFILE OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH SARSCOV-2 INFECTION AND PRE-ECLAMPSIA: CASE SERIES FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL”.
Authors: Thimmappa Sowmya Shree
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated increased maternal and fetal complications .Pre eclampsia is one of the complication frequently
seen in association with COVID-19 infection .With the available literature to date it is still uncertain whether pre eclampsia risk is increased in
pregnancy with COVID-19 infection or pre eclampsia like syndrome is caused due to COVID-19 infection .This is a case series of seven pregnant
women with COVID-19 infection and pre eclampsia/pre eclampsia like syndrome from a teritiary care hospital. Four of these women presented
with increased severity of preeclampsia and three patients were newly diagnosed cases of preclampsia /preeclapmsia like syndrome.Maternal
complications seen in this series included HELLP syndrome,abruption placenta ,imminent eclampsia ,preterm delivery .Fetal complications
included prematurity , IUGR,intrauterine fetal demise ,meconium aspiration syndrome .
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER TREATED WITH BLADDER PRESERVATION APPROACH USING NEOADVJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FOLLOWED BY RADIOTHERAPY VERSUS CONCURRENT CHEMORADIATION
Authors: Biswas Koustav , Biswas Linkon , Roy Arabinda , Sharma Shyam , Ghorai Suman
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND-There are two established Bladder preservation approach in the treatment of muscle invasive carcinoma of urinary bladder -
concurrent chemoradiotherapy and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Our study was aimed at comparing these two bladder
preservation approaches in terms of therapeutic response and acute toxicity prole.
MATERIALS AND METHODS- Patients with non-metastatic muscle invasive primary urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder staged II-IVA
2
(T2-T4, N0, M0) were randomised in two arms. Study arm received four weekly induction chemotherapy with Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m IV on
2 D1,8, 15) and Cisplatin (70 mg/m IV on D 1) for 3cycles. Patients who achieved response to therapy (partial response/complete response)
received 3D-conformal radiotherapy (50 Gy /25#s/5weeks) to the whole bladder and pelvic nodes and then up to 64Gy to the residual disease or to
the gross disease bearing area. Control arm received radiotherapy (3DCRT) at a dose of 64 Gy / 32 fractions over 6.5 weeks with concurrent weekly
2
Injection cisplatin (40mg/m ). During treatment patients were weekly monitored for assessment of acute toxicity. After completion of treatment,
response assessment was done and patients were followed up monthly for rst three months and then 3 monthly for at least 6 months.
RESULTS- Overall response (CR+PR) was seen in 85.18% of study arm compared to 72% of control arm. Although statistically not signicant,
29.6% of patients showed CR in Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy containing arm than 12% of CTRT only arm (0.386). Bowel toxicity of Grade 2
(18.5% vs 36%) and Grade 3(4% vs 0%) was signicantly less in NACTcontaining arm patients (p value 0.044). Higher grade of rectal toxicity was
also signicantly less (36% vs 7%) in study arm (p-value 0.011).
CONCLUSION- In terms of acute toxicity prole, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy is better than concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone and though statistically insignicant, the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy-based approach had better therapeutic response than
CTRT.
CORRELATION OF ARSENIC AND HESPERIDIN ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN WISTAR RAT.
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Kumar Pradeep , Tiwari Sunita , Narayan Jagdish
Published: March 2022

Background: Arsenic causes various health problems including cardiovascular abnormalities through contaminated drinking water and
environmental exposure. Arsenic cardiovascular toxicity is the major concern nowadays. Hesperidin, a avonoid, may alter the Arsenic induced
toxicity.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to nd out the protective role of hesperidin against Arsenic exposure effects on blood pressure in wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Eighteen male wistar rats were procured from Indian Institute Of Toxicology and Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, UP.
Rats were divided into three groups equally (n=6). Group-Awere taken as control, Animals of Group B were treated with Sodium Arsenite, while
Sodium Arsenite and Hesperidin was given to animals of Group C in desired doses. Blood Pressure was measured with NIBP(Non Invasive Blood
Pressure) Monitoring machine before starting of treatment and at the every end of weeks for four successive weeks.
Results: In our present study we found that the effect of Arsenite and hesperidin was statistically signicant. Results showed that the systolic blood
pressure was raised by treatment with sodium arsenite and the hesperidin was able to reduce the arsenite induced increment of blood pressure in
wistar rats.
Conclusion: There exist a signicant increase of systolic blood pressure with Sodium Arsenite and Hesperidin protects against rise in systolic
blood pressure.
Searching for feature pre-processing methods in MLP binary classification with Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Lana Jandrik
Published: March 2022

Feature pre-processing is an essential step for most machine learning algorithms. Pre-processing usually involves transforming the input data to a form that is more suitable for the learning algorithm. Various techniques can be used for pre-processing, such as feature scaling, feature extraction, and feature selection which help to improve the performance of the learning algorithm. This study develops novel pre-processing methods through a genetic programming approach. Genetic Algorithms were used to search for a combination of pre-processing operations that produced the best results of Multilayer Perceptrons on a set of binary classification datasets. The search findings show that these discovered methods, when combined with existing methods, statistically outperform existing methods by themselves on new datasets. Visualization of the effects its on synthetic data show that these discovered methods extend the range of the data and direct values away from the center of the data. This study provides practitioners with new methods that can be used as pre-processing techniques for machine learning algorithms.
Spiking Neural Network-Based Radar Gesture Recognition System Using Raw ADC Data
Authors: Arsalan Muhammad , Santra Avik , Issakov Vadim
Published: March 2022

One of the main challenges in
developing embedded radar-based gesture recognition systems is the requirement
of energy efficiency. To facilitate this, we present an embedded gesture
recognition system using a 60 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar
using spiking neural networks (SNNs) applied directly to raw ADC data. The SNNs
are sparse in time and space, and event-driven which makes them
energy-efficient. In contrast to the previous state-of-the-art methods, the
proposed system is only based on the raw ADC data of the target thus avoiding
the overhead of performing the slow-time and fast-time Fourier transforms
(FFTs). Furthermore, the pre-processing slow-time FFT is mimicked in the
proposed SNN architecture, where the proposed model processing speed of 12 ms
advances the state-of-the-art by a factor of 17.7. The experimental results
demonstrate that despite the simplification the proposed implementation
achieves recognition accuracy of 98.1 %, which is comparable to the
conventional approaches.
DL-CSNet: Dictionary Learning based Compressed Sensing Neural Network
Authors: Qiu Yanzhen , Zhang Chuangfeng , Xie Yuhang , Huang Ruishan , Tian Haochen , Xiong Chenkui , Liao Shaolin
Published: March 2022

28×28 binary images are used for all experiments, which contain patches and sparse points that are common in object classification of automotive sensors like millimeter-wave radars.
Valori, diritti e lavori flessibili: storicità, bilanciamento, declinabilità, negoziabilità
Authors: Zoppoli Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

This article traces the national and EU legal framework after the progressive affirmation of the so-called flexible and non-standard contracts, with particular regard to fixed-term contracts, temporary agency work, part-time work and to work on demand.
According to the author, notwithstanding deep changes in legislation, collective bargaining, case-law and in doctrine, the centrality of the legal value attributed to permanent contract of employment was not called into question. However, the techniques of promotion and protection of this crucial value are not consequent. Such a value has been recently reaffirmed also at European level by the Social Pillar and the directives of 2018 and 2019. This discrepancy can be overcome by specifying better the notion and sanctions in case of abuse of atypical work and by reinforcing legitimacy and negotiating skills of workers at both individual and collective level.
MS HASTALIĞININ TEDAVİSİNE YÖNELİK YENİ SFİNGOSİN-1-FOSFAT RESEPTÖR MODÜLATÖRLERİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: HUYLU Birsen , YALCİN Gozde
Published: March 2022

Hesaplamalı ilaç tasarımı; ilaç geliştirme prosesini hızlandırmakla birlikte maliyeti de düşürerek tıp mühendisliğinin önde gelen alanlarından birine dönüşmüştür. MS hastalığı ölümle sonuçlanmasının yanı sıra, hastalarda yaşam kalitesini düşürmesi nedeniyle de ilaç geliştirme çalışmaları için büyük bir hedef olmayı sürdürmektedir. Sfingosin-1-fosfat reseptörü 1 (S1P1) bir G protein kapılı reseptördür ve MS hastalığının semptomlarının ekspresyonuna ve ilerlemesine yol açan önemli bir mekanizmada etkindir. Bu durum S1P1’i ilaç geliştirme çalışmaları için önemli bir hedef haline getirmektedir. Literatürde S1P1 modülasyonu hakkında ön klinik ve klinik çalışmalar tespit edilmiş olmasına rağmen seçiciliği yüksek modülatörlere rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmamız kapsamında BindingDB veri tabanı vasıtasıyla ulaşılan S1P1 modülatörlerine PharmaGist Web sunucusu vasıtasıyla farmakofor modelleme çalışmasına uygulanmıştır. Bu yöntem ligandların esnek bir biçimde üst üste çakıştırılması prosesi temeline dayanmaktadır. Ardından Autodock Vina programıyla moleküler kenetleme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş, sonuçlar literatürdeki S1P1 antagonisti ile kıyaslanmıştır. PharmaGist'den alınan en iyi farmakofor modellerine göre ZINCPharmer veri tabanı üzerinden 80 molekül elde edilmiş bu moleküllere in siliko ADME/Toksikoloji işlemi uygulanmıştır. ADME/toksikoloji incelemesi ile elde edilen 4 molekül ZINC00390492, ZINC67740009, ZINC19847253 ve ZINC19847241’dir. Bütün moleküllerin bağlanma profili literatüre ve ML5 antagonistine benzer olarak belirlenmiştir ancak özellikle ZINC00390492 molekülünün bağlanma afinitesi (-8.6 kcal/mol) ML5 antagonistinin bağlanma afinitesinden (-8.4 kcal/mol) düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile ZINC00390492 molekülünün MS Hastalığının tedavisi için önder bir bileşik olabileceği hesaplamalı çalışmalar ile ortaya konulmuştur.
A C4.5 – CART DECISION TREE MODEL FOR REAL ESTATE PRICE PREDICTION AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE UNDERLYING FEATURES
Authors: YÜCEBAŞ Sait , DOĞAN Melike , GENÇ Levent
Published: March 2022

The machine learning approaches are used in different domains for price prediction. Real estate price prediction comes to fore in recent years. However, most of the studies focus on the prediction performance and the factors affecting the price are often ignored. In this study, a C4.5 – CART model to predict the residential real estate prices is developed. This model is capable of predicting both numeric and categorical price for real estate properties. In addition, the factors affecting the price are reveled and analyzed in detail. The performance of the developed model is compared to Direct Capitalization model, which is used as a gold standard in the domain. Both models are tested on a dataset that includes updated real time data that is gathered by a web scraper. For numeric prediction, RMSE of the developed model is 13.169 and 358.69 for the Direct Capitalization model. KAPPA and accuracy is used for the categorical prediction. The model has 81% KAPPA and 88% accuracy.
KARIŞTIRMALI BİLYALI DEĞİRMENDE BİYO-DOLGU MALZEMESİ ÜRETİMİNDE ÖĞÜTME YARDIMCILARININ ETKİSİ
Authors: KATIRCIOĞLU BAYEL Diler , WAHİB TOGHAN Esmatullah
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışma ile öğütme yardımcılarının tür ve dozajının öğütme verimi üzerine etkileri incelenmiş olup aynı zamanda atıkların çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin verimli kullanım yoluyla azaltılması planlanmıştır. Yapılan kuru öğütme deneylerinde üç farklı gruptan altı tane öğütme yardımcısının, beş farklı dozajının (ağırlıkça, %0, %0,25, %0,5, %1 ve %2) ürün üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışma ile farklı gruplarda yer alan öğütme yardımcısı cins ve miktarının ürün boyutu (d80), boyut dağılımı ve sıcaklık (C°) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, doğal kaynakların tükenmesini önlemek, atıkların değerli ve kullanılabilir ürüne dönüştürülmesi konusuna umut verici nitelikte bir çalışma olup aynı zamanda kullanılan öğütme yardımcıları ile öğütme performansı üzerinde önemli iyileşmelerin sağlandığı görülmüştür. Uygun dozajlarda öğütme yardımcısı kullanılarak yapılan deneylerde, öğütme yardımcısız yapılan deneylere nazaran ürün boyutu, sıcaklık ve boyut dağılımı açısından daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
KÜRESEL ISINMAYA BAĞLI SICAKLIK ARTIŞININ EVAPOTRANSPIRASYON (PET) ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN 1960-2016 PERİYODU BOYUNCA KARS İLİ İÇİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TOPÇU Emre , GÜVEL Şerife Pınar
Published: March 2022

İklim değişikliği tüm yerkürede hissedilmektedir. Hidrolojik çevrimi oluşturan parametrelerin şiddeti öngörülemez şekilde değişmektedir. Potansiyel Evapotranspirasyon (PET), hidrolojik çevrimin tahmin edilmesi en zor parametrelerinden birisidir. Günümüzde sıcaklık artışları ile birlikte dengesi bozulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin kuzeydoğusunda bulunan Kars İli’nde 1960 ve 2016 hidrolojik yılları arasındaki aylık ortalama sıcaklık değerleri kullanılarak iklim değişikliğinin PET değerleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. PET hesaplama yöntemi olarak Thornthwaite metodu tercih edilmiştir. Kars İli sınırları içerisinde yer alan toplam 8 gözlemsel noktanın verileri kullanılmıştır. Mann-Kendall trend analizi ve Sen’in eğim metodu yöntemleri kullanılarak PET değerlerindeki trend tespit edilmiştir. Kars İli’nde PET değerlerinin alansal ve zamansal değişimini sergileyebilmek için haritalandırma tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre yıllık ortalama PET değerleri istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede tüm gözlemsel noktalarda artmıştır. Bölgede yıllık ortalama en yüksek PET değeri Kağızman istasyonunda iken yıllık ortalama en düşük PET değeri Arpaçay istasyonundadır. Yıllık PET değerlerinde en yüksek artış 5.47 mm/onyıl ile Akyaka istasyonunda tespit edilirken en az artış 4.50 mm/onyıl ile Sarıkamış istasyonundadır.
AKTIVITAS PEMBINAAN KELOMPOK BERISIKO TINGGI MELALUI PROGRAM PENANGGULANGAN AIDS DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: War Azwar
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Kab. Kampar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas pembinaan kelompok berisiko tinggi melalui program penanggulangan AIDS oleh KPA Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara terhadap Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS (KPA) Kabupaten Kampar. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas – aktivitas pembinaan yang dilakukan adalah 1. Sosialisasi HIV dan AIDS kepada kelompok berisiko tinggi baik secara medis maupun agama, 2. Pemeriksaan darah bagi kelompok berisiko tinggi 3. Pedampingan kepada kelompok berisiko yang positif HIV, 4.  Mewujudkan perubahan prilaku kearah yang lebih baik, ajakan untuk tidak lagi melakukan perbuatan zina, memperkuat keimanan kepada Allah dan memperbanyak amal sholeh. Rekomendasi dari Penelitian ini adalah supaya KPA Kabupaten Kampar lebih meningkatkan program-program yang telah dilaksanakan.
PENGEMBANGAN KUMALASARI (BUKU PEDOMAN BELAJAR SISWA MANDIRI) BAGI SISWA KELAS V SD
Authors: Pujiastuti Arik Umi , Wardhani Dewantari Dharma Pramudya
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan produk berupa buku pedoman belajar siswa mandiri. Adanya pengembangan yang dilakukan untuk memberikan alternatif solusi pembelajaran saat pandemi Covid 19. Jenis penelitian adalah pengembangan dengan menggunakan model Borg an Gall. Prosedur yang dilakukan adalah 1) Potensi dan Masalah, 2) Pengumpulan Data, 3) Desain Produk, 4) Validasi Desain, 5) Revisi Desain. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah, lembar angket, lembar wawancara, lembar validasi, dan lembar catatan proses pengembangan. Adapun hasil dari pengumpulan data bahwa, hanya 15% orang tua yang mendampingi putra-putrinya belajar, 100% orang tua merasa pembelajaran tidak efektif, 85% petunjuk yang dibeikan guru dalam mengerjakan tugas tidak. Hasil angket siswa menunjukkan, sebanyak 85% mereka jenuh dengan pembelajaran dan 85% menginginkan petunjuk yang jelas dalam pengerjaan tugas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka dibuatlah desain produk dan dilakukan penilaian dengan validasi oleh 3 ahli, materi, bahasa, desain. Hasil validasi pertama masing-masing ahli materi, bahasa, dan desain didapatkan rata-rata dan persentase, 2.6, 2, 2.6, 52%, 20%, 52%. Berdasarkan masukan yang diberikan maka ada perbaikan produk sehingga hasil validasi mengalami peningkatan rata-rata dan persentase dari ketiga validator yaitu, ahli materi 4.6 persentase 96%, ahli bahasa  dan persentase 80%, ahli desain 4.6 dengan ersentase 92%. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan maka produk yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan.
PENERAPAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH 3 SURABAYA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Yuliyana Yuliyana , Afiani Kunti Dian Ayu , Naila Ishmatun
Published: March 2022

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in thematic learning by applying learning videos. The research subjects were the students of class IV.B SD Muhammadiyah 3 Surabaya City from odd semester in academic year of 2021/2022 with a total 25 students. The instrument used was the form of learning outcomes test, student activity test and teacher management test in learning. Based on the results of the study, the increase in learning outcomes with the percentage of classical learning completeness in cycle I and  cycle II were 60% and 88%, respectively. The results of observing student activities obtained and increase in the average percentage of cycle I dan cycle II was around 70% and 75%. The results from observations of teacher  management  in learning is increase in the  average  percentage of cycle I and cycle II were 71% and 78%, respectively. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that  learning videos can improve student learning outcomes.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RADEC UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HIGHER ORDER THINGKING SKILL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Rindiana Triska , Arifin Muh. Husen , Wahyuningsih Yona
Published: March 2022

Pesatnya perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di abad 21 sangatlah penting keterampilan seperti HOTS. Di Indonesia, dalam penerapannya di lapangan HOTS belum sepenuhnya dicapai, dikarenakan pelaksanaan model pembelajaran yang sulit diingat oleh guru dalam sintaksnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran RADEC untuk meningkatkan HOTS pada pembelajaran IPS di sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah systematic review yaitu penelaahan terhadap penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah HOTS dalam pembelajaran IPS menjadi suatu hal yang snagat penting yang harus dikembangkan oleh guru, dikarenakan pada Abad 21 HOTS menjadi salah satu keterampilan yang sangat penting dimiliki siswa untuk menjawab tantangan abad 21. Salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk meningkatkan HOTS adalah RADEC yang dimulai dari Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain-Create. Tahapan tersebut jelas dapatmebangun HOTS karena dalam model pembelajaran RADEC siswa dituntut untuk menganalisis dan mencipta.