bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All‐MXene Cotton‐Based Supercapacitor‐Powered Human Body Thermal Management System
Authors: Li Jianmin , Chen Jianmei , Wang Hao , Xiao Xu
Published: December 2020

Personal body thermal management (PBTM) has shown great potential in the application of artificial skin, smart clothing, and health care for the rapidly developed flexible electronics and “Internet of Things”. However, the heating efficiencies of the previously reported PBTM systems are relatively low with low response rate and high driving voltage, which are not satisfying for wearable devices. Here, we report a MXene‐coated cotton fabric (MCF)‐based PBTM system, which shows good water vapor permeability, air permeability, wear resistance, and wash stability. The optimal MCF shows high electron conductivity of 197 mS cm−2 and high heating efficiency, which could be heated up to 100 °C within 10 s under the low applied potential of 3 V. By applying a low voltage of 1.5 V, the MCF exhibited a high temperature of 45 °C, meeting the requirement of human body. In addition, serving as the electrode material of supercapacitors, the MCF exhibits high areal specific capacitance of 208 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The symmetric supercapacitor device could provide a high energy density of 2 μWh cm−2 and power density of 5.3 mW cm−2. Using the MCF‐based symmetric supercapacitor as the power source, the MCF could be heated and employed as a supercapacitor‐powered PBTM system, which indicates its significant potential for the application of wearable PBTM and beyond.
Color Tuning of Fluorogens for FAST Fluorogen‐Activating Protein
Authors: Myasnyanko Ivan N. , Gavrikov Alexey S. , Zaitseva Snizhana O. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Zaitseva Elvira R. , Sokolov Anatolii I. , Malyshevskaya Kseniya K. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Mishin Alexander S. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: December 2020

Using benzylidene imidazolone core, we created a panel of color‐shifted fluorogenic ligands for FAST protein without compromise to the binding efficiency and the utility for live‐cell protein labeling. This study highlights the potential of benzylidene imidazolones derivatives for rapid expansion of a pallet of live‐cell fluorogenic labeling tools.
Internet of things in health management systems: A review
Authors: Huang Jinbo , Wu Xianjun , Huang Wendong , Wu Xiaoli , Wang S.
Published: December 2020

In today's health care context, the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) offers suitability for doctors and patients as we can use them in many medical fields. So, we have emphasized the particular use of the IoT in medicine and health care, such as clinical devices management, medication management, clinical data management, distant medicine, mobile medical care, and individual health management. We have done an organized review to enhance health management systems via many up‐to‐date IoT‐oriented health care applications. The article approbates with the methodological necessities of systematic literature reviews. We have identified several issues caused by the quick acceptance of IoT‐oriented systems' health management. IoT necessitates new safety infrastructure, according to the novel practical principles. Outcomes illustrate that health experts can assist in supplying necessities, information, or standards to improve IoT devices or systems. Also, they are able to present novel fields or applications for which IoT is fit. This survey aids the hospitals and relevant institutions to recognize IoT needs. Also, the article will serve as an initial location for future IoT security management and design. Policymakers and opinion formers need to understand the IoT and its implications.
Comparing population trend estimates of migratory birds from breeding censuses and capture data at a spring migration bottleneck
Authors: Maggini Ivan , Cardinale Massimiliano , Favaretto Andrea , Voříšek Petr , Spina Fernando , Maoret Francesco , Ferri Andrea , Riello Sara , Fusani Leonida
Published: December 2020

Europe has a well‐established network of breeding bird monitoring that is used to produce supranational indices of population trends for many species. However, a comparison of breeding bird censuses with other methods may be beneficial to confirm the validity of such indices. The aim of this study was to assess the value of standardized capture data of migratory birds at migration bottlenecks as an indicator of the effective breeding populations. One limitation to this method is that several populations are co‐occurring at these bottlenecks and their catchment areas need to be clearly identified to allow extrapolation of population indices. Here, we used standardized trends in capture numbers of 30 species on the island of Ponza, a migration bottleneck in the central Mediterranean, and compared them to population trends estimated in the putative catchment breeding areas between 2005 and 2016. The catchment areas were identified through the analysis of ring recoveries during the breeding season of birds passing through Ponza. Our results show an agreement between the population trends observed on Ponza and those in the breeding areas in 15 out of 30 species. The correlations were strongest in species with a more robust definition of the catchment areas, that is, species with more than 10 recoveries, and for which the recoveries were most likely of breeding birds. The main reason for disagreement between the two indices in the remaining species might be related to different intensity of sampling in different areas. This issue can be solved by further developing monitoring projects in underrepresented countries, as well as by intensifying monitoring through ringing, both in the breeding grounds and at migration bottlenecks. These results show that spring migration monitoring at bottlenecks has the potential to provide a valuable complement and an independent control of breeding bird surveys, allowing raising early warnings of population declines and contributing to their conservation.
Time‐traveling seeds reveal that plant regeneration and growth traits are responding to climate change
Authors: Everingham Susan E. , Offord Catherine A. , Sabot Manon E. B. , Moles Angela T.
Published: December 2020

Studies assessing the biological impacts of climate change typically rely on long‐term, historic data to measure trait responses to climate through time. Here, we overcame the problem of absent historical data by using resurrected seeds to capture historic plant‐trait data for a number of plant regeneration and growth traits. We collected seed and seedling trait measurements from resurrected historic seeds and compared these with modern seed and seedling traits collected from the same species in the same geographic location. We found a total of 43 species from southeastern Australia for which modern/historic seed pairs could be located. These species were located in a range of regions that have undergone different amounts of climate change across a range of temperature, precipitation, and extreme measures of climate. There was a correlation between the amount of change in climate metrics, and the amount of change in plant traits. Using stepwise model selection, we found that for all regeneration and growth trait changes (except change in stem density), the most accurate model selected at least two measures of climate change. Changes in extreme measures of climate, such as heat‐wave duration and changes in climate variability, were more strongly related to changes in regeneration and growth traits than changes in mean climate metrics. Across our species, for every 5% increase in temperature variability, there was a threefold increase in the probability of seed viability and seed germination success. An increase of 1 d in the maximum duration of dry spells through time led to a 1.5‐fold decrease in seed viability and seeds became 30% flatter/thinner. Regions where the maximum heat‐wave duration had increased by 10 d saw a 1.35‐cm decrease in seedling height and a 1.04‐g decrease in seedling biomass. Rapid responses in plant traits to changes in climate may be possible; however, it is not clear whether these changes will be fast enough for plants to keep pace with future climate change.
KLiSiF6 and CsLiSiF6 – A Structure Investigation
Authors: Stoll Christiane , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Bandemehr Jascha , Kraus Florian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: December 2020

KLiSiF6 and CsLiSiF6 were synthesized via a high‐pressure/high‐temperature synthesis route. Even though, both substances crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pbcn (no. 60), they show different crystal structures. Main motifs of KLiSiF6 are an [SiF6]2− and an [LiF6]5− unit. In contrast, the main motifs of CsLiSiF6 are an [SiF6]2− and an [LiF5]4− entity. Within both substances, these units are interconnected and form 3‐dimensional networks. The substances were characterized via single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, as well as infrared spectroscopy and EDX measurements. Additionally, Mn4+‐doped KLiSiF6 was analyzed by means of luminescence spectroscopy. It displays line emission in the red spectral region. The maximum emission wavelength is λmax=631 nm.
Site‐Selective C–H Amidation of 2‐Aryl Quinazolinones Using Nitrene Surrogates
Authors: Kim Saegun , Jeoung Daeun , Kim Kunyoung , Lee Seok Beom , Lee Suk Hun , Park Min Seo , Ghosh Prithwish , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Hong Suckchang , Kim In Su
Published: December 2020

The site‐selective modifications of quinazolinones constitute a pivotal topic in drug discovery and material science. Herein, we describe the rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C–H amidation of 2‐aryl quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones with a range of nitrene surrogates including dioxazolones, organic azides, and N‐methoxyamides. Complete site‐selectivity and functional group tolerance are observed. Notably, the large‐scale reaction and late‐stage functionalization highlight the synthetic potential of the developed protocol. Combined mechanistic investigations elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism of this process.
Amidoalkylation of Sulfonylheteroarenes with Alkylamides through a Radical Chain Mechanism
Authors: Ikeda Yuko , Matsukawa Yuko , Yonekura Kyohei , Shirakawa Eiji
Published: December 2020

In the presence of a substoichiometric amount of a tert‐butoxy radical precursor and a base, alkylamides were found to be heteroarylated at their α‐C−H bonds with sulfonylheteroarenes through homolytic aromatic substitution, where a radical chain is operative.
Chiral Molecular Cages Based on Cyclotriveratrylene and Sucrose Units Connected with p‐Phenylene Linkers
Authors: Szyszka Łukasz , Cmoch Piotr , Górecki Marcin , Ceborska Magdalena , Potopnyk Mykhaylo A. , Jarosz Sławomir
Published: December 2020

Four diastereomeric molecular cages based on cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) and sucrose scaffolds, connected via p‐phenylene linkers, were synthesized in a few steps synthesis. The absolute configuration of these diastereoisomers was determined by advanced NMR and ECD spectroscopies supported by DFT calculations. The X‐Ray crystal structure of P‐4 b cage gave an insight into its unique structure. The binding properties of P‐4 a and M‐4 a cages towards small ammonium guests (1‐methylpyridinium and 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium salts) were investigated.
Embedded Growth of Li2O2 Achieved by a Rational Designed Three‐Dimensional Fe2O3@CNS‐CNTs Sandwich Structure for Improving the Performance of Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Qin Ziqing , Ma Shiyu , Lu Youcai , Yao Hongchang , jiao Yingying , Liu Qingchao , Li Zhongjun
Published: December 2020

Realizing confined Li2O2 growth and enhanced decomposition kinetics is still a challenge for lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries, which influences its electrochemical performances. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) porous sandwich cathode architecture constructed through the self‐assembly of the in situ growing Fe2O3 nanorods on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNS) together with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Fe2O3@CNS‐CNTs) is presented. The formation of Fe–N structure can offer the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and Fe2O3 nanorods provide the nucleation sites for the growth of Li2O2. Due to the 3D sandwich structure, the Li2O2 nanosheets can be deposited in the inner space of the 3D structure with an embedded mode, which confines the size and distribution of Li2O2. This work offers more possibilities for the realization of the controllable Li2O2 deposition, holding great promise in enlightening the hybrid cathode design for Li–O2 batteries.
Recent Progress on the Development of Carbon Nitride Based All‐Solid Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst for Solar Energy Conversion Applications
Authors: Zhang Jing-Wen , Shi Chengxiang , Mahmood Nasir , Ai Minhua , Pan Lun , Huang Zhen-Feng , Zou Ji-Jun
Published: December 2020

The visible‐light responsive semiconductor carbon nitride (C3N4) exhibits suitable electronic band structure, rich sources of precursors, and high stability, which is exploited to satisfy energy demands. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of C3N4 is limited because of its low surface area and low separation and transfer efficiency of charge carriers. As Z‐scheme strategy can effectively help C3N4 overcome its instinct shortage, this review will outline the recent significant progress on the development of C3N4‐based all‐solid Z‐scheme photocatalysts for energy‐conversion applications including water splitting and CO2 reduction. In the beginning, the fundamental principles of Z‐scheme will be introduced, especially for all‐solid‐state system. Then, the comprehensive account of the development of C3N4‐based Z‐scheme photocatalysts are discussed. Finally, perspectives on the challenges and future directions at the forefront of Z‐scheme photocatalysts are provided.
Insights about sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae biomass: A review
Authors: Rahul S Michael , MA Sundaramahalingam , CS Shivamthi , R Shyam Kumar , P Varalakshmi , S Karthikumar , J Kanimozhi , R Vinoth Kumar , S Sabarathinam , I Ganesh Moorthy , A Pugazhendhi
Published: December 2020

Production of biodiesel from microalgae can be categorized as a symbiotic engineering solution focusing on energy and environmental problems. This review presents a collection of recent methods adopted for the production of biodiesel from microalgae. Microalgae are tiny cell factories which yield a large quantity of biomass by employing different methods of cultivation and using different types of harvesting techniques. Different strategies like nutrient starvation and micronutrient supplementation for hyper lipid accumulation to produce biodiesel for competing with the high market demand for fossil fuel are discussed. The use of different cultivation techniques for increasing the algal biomass in the recent scenario is focused. Also, improvement in the design strategies of bioreactors like the open pond, photobioreactors, and hybrid systems is included in the review. Further, diverse technologies for lipid improvement, including manipulating the bioprocess parameters and genetic engineering, are addressed. Also, microalgae for biorefinery approaches solve pollution problems, and its biomass can be used for biodiesel production which is elaborated in detail. The possibility of production of biodiesel from microalgae at a larger scale by overcoming the main bottlenecks in different steps of algal growth like high biomass cultivation, investment factor, and implementation of biorefinery approaches to address the current energy demand is also proposed.
Grabbing hand or helping hand? Ownership interventions and acquirers returns; the role of provincial idiosyncrasies
Authors: Opoku‐Mensah Evans , Yin Yuming , Obiora Sandra Chukwudumebi , Adjei Darko Peter
Published: December 2020

Firm's performance is not only influenced by sound decisions but also by institutional processes. This study argues that the effect of government intervention on acquisition returns is partly dependent on institutional factors such as provincial marketization and the legal environment. This study employs ownership and merger and acquisition regulations issued by the Chinese government 2003–2018 to measure government intervention and also employs both the OLS and the random effects technique. The result shows a positive relationship between ownership intervention and acquisition returns. Next, the study finds that variances in regional marketization and the legal environment strengthen this relationship such that acquirers in high marketization regions and acquirers in a robust legal environment earn higher returns than acquirers in a low marketization region and acquirers in a weaker legal environment. The results imply that acquisition returns are not even across all locations in a transitional economy. Ongoing policies should aim at bridging the variances in different locations as it impacts acquirers' returns.
Abnormal Bone Collagen Cross‐Linking in Osteogenesis Imperfecta/Bruck Syndrome Caused by Compound Heterozygous PLOD2 Mutations
Authors: Gistelinck Charlotte , Weis MaryAnn , Rai Jyoti , Schwarze Ulrike , Niyazov Dmitriy , Song Kit M , Byers Peter H , Eyre David R
Published: December 2020

Bruck syndrome (BS) is a congenital disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures, skeletal dysplasia, and increased bone fragility, which overlaps clinically with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). On a genetic level, BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either FKBP10 or PLOD2. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of cross‐linking lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptide domains. This modification enables collagen to form chemically stable (permanent) intermolecular cross‐links in the extracellular matrix. Normal bone collagen develops a unique mix of such stable and labile lysyl‐oxidase–mediated cross‐links, which contribute to bone strength, resistance to microdamage, and crack propagation, as well as the ordered deposition of mineral nanocrystals within the fibrillar collagen matrix. Bone from patients with BS caused by biallelic FKBP10 mutations has been shown to have abnormal collagen cross‐linking; however, to date, no direct studies of human bone from BS caused by PLOD2 mutations have been reported. Here the results from a study of a 4‐year‐old boy with BS caused by compound heterozygous mutations in PLOD2 are discussed. Diminished hydroxylation of type I collagen telopeptide lysines but normal hydroxylation at triple‐helical sites was found. Consequently, stable trivalent cross‐links were essentially absent. Instead, allysine aldol dimeric cross‐links dominated as in normal skin collagen. Furthermore, in contrast to the patient's bone collagen, telopeptide lysines in cartilage type II collagen cross‐linked peptides from the patient's urine were normally hydroxylated. These findings shed light on the complex mechanisms that control the unique posttranslational chemistry and cross‐linking of bone collagen, and how, when defective, they can cause brittle bones and related connective tissue problems. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Resveratrol Reduces COMPopathy in Mice Through Activation of Autophagy
Authors: Hecht Jacqueline T , Coustry Francoise , Veerisetty Alka C , Hossain Mohammad G , Posey Karen L
Published: December 2020

Misfolding mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause it to be retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chondrocytes, stimulating a multitude of damaging cellular responses including ER stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which ultimately culminates in the death of growth plate chondrocytes and pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH). Previously, we demonstrated that an antioxidant, resveratrol, substantially reduces the intracellular accumulation of mutant‐COMP, dampens cellular stress, and lowers the level of growth plate chondrocyte death. In addition, we showed that resveratrol reduces mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, suggesting a potential mechanism. In this work, we investigate the role of autophagy in treatment of COMPopathies. In cultured chondrocytes expressing wild‐type COMP or mutant‐COMP, resveratrol significantly increased the number of Microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3) vesicles, directly demonstrating that resveratrol‐stimulated autophagy is an important component of the resveratrol‐driven mechanism responsible for the degradation of mutant‐COMP. Moreover, pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy suppressed degradation of mutant‐COMP in our established mouse model of PSACH. In contrast, blockage of the proteasome did not substantially alter resveratrol clearance of mutant‐COMP from growth plate chondrocytes. Mechanistically, resveratrol increased SIRT1 and PP2A expression and reduced MID1 expression and activation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) and mTORC1 signaling in growth plate chondrocytes, allowing clearance of mutant‐COMP by autophagy. Importantly, we show that optimal reduction in growth plate pathology, including decreased mutant‐COMP retention, decreased mTORC1 signaling, and restoration of chondrocyte proliferation was attained when treatment was initiated between birth to 1 week of age in MT‐COMP mice, translating to birth to approximately 2 years of age in children with PSACH. These results clearly demonstrate that resveratrol stimulates clearance of mutant‐COMP by an autophagy‐centric mechanism. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Upregulation of iASPP ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes by upregulating Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Bai Baobao , Zeng Guangwei , Chen Ruirui , Ai Yongfei , Qiang Hua
Published: December 2020

The inhibitor of apoptosis‐stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) acts as a key modulator of cellular protection against oxidative stress. In the present work, we assessed the role of iASPP in the regulation of cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). We found that H/R‐exposed cardiomyocytes expressed decreased levels of iASPP. The upregulation of iASPP repressed H/R‐induced injury by decreasing levels of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production. The upregulation of iASPP increased nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and enhanced Nrf2 activation. The overexpression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 reversed iASPP‐mediated promotion of Nrf2 activation. Nrf2 inhibition abrogated iASPP‐mediated cardioprotective effects in H/R‐exposed cardiomyocytes. Our work demonstrates that the upregulation of iASPP ameliorates H/R‐induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes via potentiating Nrf2 signaling via modulation of Keap1.
Is absence of CD56 a predictive factor for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization failure in patients with multiple myeloma?
Authors: Göçer Mesut , Kurtoğlu Erdal
Published: December 2020

Background

CD56 is believed to play a major role in MM pathogenesis with a 70% to 80% expression rate in malignant plasma cells at the time of diagnosis. Our objective in this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of CD56 expression in bone marrow aspiration material at the time of diagnosis and the success of stem cell mobilization in patients diagnosed with MM.

Methods

This monocenter study included 94 patients who were diagnosed with MM and had a stem cell mobilization procedure for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The primary endpoint of the study was to compare the mobilization success between the groups with and without CD56 expression. The secondary endpoint was to identify other factors affecting mobilization failure outside CD56.

Results

At the time of diagnosis, 49 (52.1%) patients had CD56 expression and 45 (47.9%) did not. Mobilization failed in 11 (11.7%) patients. Age, gender, ISS stage and the number of premobilization treatment regimens were not found predictive of mobilization failure. CD56 negativity was 42.2% in the group that had mobilization success and 90.9% in the group that had mobilization failure (P = .001).

Conclusions

The fact that CD56 residing on the membrane enables interaction between bone marrow cells and ECM and functions as a signal molecule increases sensitivity to the chemotherapy and G‐CSF that are used for mobilization. We found that absence of CD56 can be used as a predictive factor for mobilization failure at the time of diagnosis.
Chemoselective hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene over supported gold catalysts: Effect of loadings of gold
Authors: Tan Yuan , Li Xing Chi , Liu Xiao Yan
Published: December 2020

The chemoselective hydrogenation from 3‐nitrostyrene to 3‐vinylaniline is quite challenging due to coexistence of the C=C bond and the –NO2 group in the same molecule. Previously, we found that the selectivity to the 3‐vinylaniline is very high in wide temperature and time windows when taking the ZnAl‐hydrotalcite supported Au25 nanoclusters as the precatalyst. Here, we investigated the loading effect of gold on the catalytic performance for the chemoselectivity of this reaction. The loadings of gold ranged from 0.5 to 10 wt%. The results showed that the reaction rate decreased greatly with the increasing loading of gold, and selectivity dropped obviously after the loading of gold attaining 10 wt%. The UV–Vis (ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy), XRD (X‐ray diffraction), and HAADF‐STEM (high angle annular dark field‐scanning transmission electronic microscope) results suggested that the gold nanoparticles aggregated with the increasing loading of gold. The X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and in situ CO‐DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) results indicated that the valent state of gold tended to be slightly positively charged when the loading of gold increased. The origin of the high selectivity to the 3‐vinylaniline was discussed subsequently based on the above results.
The Enneagram: A systematic review of the literature and directions for future research
Authors: Hook Joshua N. , Hall Todd W. , Davis Don E. , Van Tongeren Daryl R. , Conner Mackenzie
Published: December 2020

The Enneagram is a typology that many clients use to understand their personality and interpersonal patterns, despite some concerns about its validity. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinician‐friendly review of the extant empirical work on the Enneagram. After reviewing 104 independent samples, we found mixed evidence of reliability and validity. In terms of strengths, some factor analytic work has shown partial alignment with prior theorizing, and subscales show theory‐consistent relationships with other constructs such as the Big 5. Also, several studies found the Enneagram was helpful for personal/spiritual growth. However, factor analytic work has typically found fewer than nine factors, and no work has used clustering techniques to derive the nine types. Also, there is little research supporting secondary aspects of Enneagram theory, such as wings and intertype movement. We conclude by highlighting directions for future research and implications for clinical practice.
Maternal caregiver's typologies and internalized behaviors in African American adolescents living in urban public housing
Authors: Lombe Margaret , Nebbitt Von , Amano Takashi , Enelamah Ngozi , Newransky Chrisann
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study explores how variations in maternal caregiver types may be associated with adolescents' internalized behaviors (i.e., depressive symptoms) and resources (i.e., attitudes toward delinquent behaviors and efficacious beliefs).

Method

Using a sample of 375 African American youth from public housing in three large US cities, we used Latent Profile Analysis to identify various maternal caregiver classes. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether youth can be correctly classified into maternal caregiver classes based on their internalized behaviors.

Results

Three maternal caregiver classes were identified. Results suggest youth living with high encouragement and high (supervision) maternal caregivers were associated with more conventional attitudes, higher self‐efficacy, and lower depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Findings highlight how maternal caregivers can influence the internalizing behaviors of African American youth in US public housing. Individual, community, and system‐level interventions can be leveraged to support the impact of these maternal caregivers.
Sidman or statistics?
Authors: Iversen Iver H.
Published: December 2020

Murray Sidman's statements regarding variability, experimental control, and generality are interwoven with examples from the literature on conditional discrimination. Sidman's position was that statistical inferences from group studies produce no information about the behavior of individual subjects and that statistical treatment of individual subject data masks variability which may represent conditions that are not controlled. Sidman's work on conditional discrimination provides excellent examples of how complex discriminations should be examined in detail with accuracy levels obtained for each type of discrimination within an experiment. Sidman made important contributions to the foundation of behavior analysis with extensive basic research as well as applications of methods and principles to clinical and educational settings.
Induced path factors of regular graphs
Authors: Akbari Saieed , Horsley Daniel , Wanless Ian M.
Published: December 2020

An induced path factor of a graph is a set of induced paths in with the property that every vertex of is in exactly one of the paths. The induced path number of is the minimum number of paths in an induced path factor of . We show that if is a connected cubic graph on vertices, then . Fix an integer . For each , define to be the maximum value of over all connected ‐regular graphs on vertices. As with even, we show that exists. We prove that and and that for .
Bone marrow transplantation into Abcd1‐deficient mice: Distribution of donor derived‐cells and biological characterization of the brain of the recipient mice
Authors: Morita Masashi , Kaizawa Taro , Yoda Taiki , Oyama Takuro , Asakura Reina , Matsumoto Shun , Nagai Yoshinori , Watanabe Yasuharu , Watanabe Shiro , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Kosuke , Yamamoto Seiji , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , So Takanori , Imanaka Tsuneo
Published: December 2020

X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is a severe inherited metabolic disease with cerebral inflammatory demyelination and abnormal accumulation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) in tissues, especially the brain. At present, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at an early stage of the disease is the only effective treatment for halting disease progression, but the underlying mechanism of the treatment has remained unclear. Here, we transplanted GFP‐expressing wild‐type (WT) or Abcd1‐deficient (KO) bone marrow cells into recipient KO mice, which enabled tracking of the donor GFP+ cells in the recipient mice. Both the WT and KO donor cells were equally distributed throughout the brain parenchyma, and displayed an Iba1‐positive, GFAP‐ and Olig2‐negative phenotype, indicating that most of the donor cells were engrafted as microglia‐like cells. They constituted approximately 40% of the Iba1‐positive cells. Unexpectedly, no decrease of VLCFA in the cerebrum was observed when WT bone marrow cells were transplanted into KO mice. Taken together, murine study suggests that bone marrow‐derived microglia‐like cells engrafted in the cerebrum of X‐ALD patients suppress disease progression without evidently reducing the amount of VLCFA in the cerebrum.
Gpr37l1/prosaposin receptor regulates Ptch1 trafficking, Shh production, and cell proliferation in cerebellar primary astrocytes
Authors: La Sala Gina , Di Pietro Chiara , Matteoni Rafaele , Bolasco Giulia , Marazziti Daniela , Tocchini‐Valentini Glauco P.
Published: December 2020

Mammalian cerebellar astrocytes critically regulate the differentiation and maturation of neuronal Purkinje cells and granule precursors. The G protein‐coupled receptor 37‐like 1 (Gpr37l1) is expressed by Bergmann astrocytes and interacts with patched 1 (Ptch1) at peri‐ciliary membranes. Cerebellar primary astrocyte cultures from wild‐type and Gpr37l1 null mutant mouse pups were established and studied. Primary cilia were produced by cultures of both genotypes, as well as Ptch1 and smoothened (Smo) components of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) mitogenic pathway. Compared to wild‐type cells, Gpr37l1−/− astrocytes displayed striking increases in proliferative activity, Ptch1 protein expression and internalization, intracellular cholesterol content, ciliary localization of Smo, as well as a marked production of active Shh. Similar effects were reproduced by treating wild‐type astrocytes with a putative prosaptide ligand of Gpr37l1. These findings indicate that Gpr37l1–Ptch1 interactions specifically regulate Ptch1 internalization and trafficking, with consequent stimulation of Shh production and activation of proliferative signaling.
How does an emotional culture of joy cultivate team resilience? A sociocognitive perspective
Authors: Hartmann Silja , Weiss Matthias , Hoegl Martin , Carmeli Abraham
Published: December 2020

The complex nature of work tasks leads many organizations to organize work around teams, which must develop the capacity to cope with and adapt to a variety of adverse situations. However, our knowledge and understanding of what enables and inhibits the development of resilient teams, that is, change in teams' resilience capacity, have yet to be fully developed. Drawing on the build hypothesis of broaden‐and‐build theory, we explore the dynamic emotional, social, and cognitive elements that underlie change in team resilience capacity. We posit that a change in a team's emotional culture of joy predicts change in team resilience capacity through both social and cognitive mechanisms (i.e., change in mutuality and change in reflexivity). The results from a two‐wave study involving 91 teams (comprising 1291 individual responses) indicate that the positive relationship between change in the emotional culture of joy and change in team resilience capacity is mediated by change in mutuality and change in reflexivity. This research advances the emerging literature on team resilience by theoretically delineating the underlying affective, social, and cognitive collective mechanisms that lead to within‐team variability in team resilience capacity.
Macrophage phenotypes and monocyte subsets after destabilization of the medial meniscus in mice
Authors: Utomo Lizette , Fahy Niamh , Kops Nicole , van Tiel Sandra T. , Waarsing Jan , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Leenen Pieter J. M. , van Osch Gerjo J. V. M. , Bastiaansen‐Jenniskens Yvonne M.
Published: December 2020

Macrophages play an important role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to identify macrophage phenotypes in synovium and monocyte subsets in peripheral blood in C57BL/6 mice by destabilizing the medial meniscus (DMM), and the association of macrophage subsets with OA features. DMM, sham, and non‐operated knees were histologically assessed between 1 and 56 days for macrophage polarization states by immunohistochemistry (IHC), cartilage damage, synovial thickening, and osteophytes (n = 9 per timepoint). Naive knees (n = 6) were used as controls. Monocyte and polarized synovial macrophage subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry. CD64 and CD206 levels on IHC were higher at early timepoints in DMM and sham knees compared to naive knees. iNOS labeling intensity was higher in DMM and sham knees than in naive knees from d3 onwards. CD163 expression was unaltered at all timepoints. Even though macrophage polarization profiles were similar in DMM and sham knees, only in DMM knees the presence of iNOS and CD206 associated with synovial thickness, and CD163 staining inversely correlated with osteophyte presence. At day 14, monocyte subset distribution was different in peripheral blood of DMM mice compared with sham mice. In conclusion, monocyte subsets in blood and synovial macrophage phenotypes vary after joint surgery. High levels of iNOS+, CD163+, and CD206+ cells are found in both destabilized and sham‐operated knees, and coexistence with joint instability may be a requirement to initiate and exacerbate OA progression.
External validation and adaptation of a dynamic prediction model for patients with high‐grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Rueten‐Budde Anja J. , van Praag Veroniek M. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Fiocco Marta ,   PERSARC Study Group
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives

A dynamic prediction model for patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities was previously developed to predict updated overall survival probabilities throughout patient follow‐up. This study updates and externally validates the dynamic model.

Methods

Data from 3826 patients with high‐grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma, treated surgically with curative intent were used to update the dynamic PERsonalised SARcoma Care (PERSARC) model. Patients were added to the model development cohort and grade was included in the model. External validation was performed with data from 1111 patients treated at a single tertiary center.

Results

Calibration plots show good model calibration. Dynamic C‐indices suggest that the model can discriminate between high‐ and low‐risk patients. The dynamic C‐indices at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after surgery were equal to 0.697, 0.790, 0.822, 0.818, 0.812, and 0.827, respectively.

Conclusion

Results from the external validation show that the dynamic PERSARC model is reliable in predicting the probability of surviving an additional 5 years from a specific prediction time point during follow‐up. The model combines patient‐, treatment‐specific and time‐dependent variables such as local recurrence and distant metastasis to provide accurate survival predictions throughout follow‐up and is available through the PERSARC app.
Two‐Dash Line
Authors: Daloee Hossein Rezaei , Zarifian Ahmadreza , Aminzadeh Behzad
Published: December 2020

Objectives

There has been a dearth of an accurate and reliable method for the measurement of fetal pelvic bones. In this study, we describe a novel, easy‐to‐use method for ischial and iliac bone measurement in fetal ultrasound scanning.

Methods

This prospective cross‐sectional study was performed on 1179 pregnant women at 12 to 40 weeks of an uneventful gestation. Pelvic biometric indices, including the length of the ilium and ischium, were measured by a novel and easy method. Then data were analyzed by regression models to develop a formula for gestational age (GA) estimation based on pelvic bones.

Results

The approximate ossification time of the ischium was determined to range between the 13th and 20th gestational weeks. We calculated 3 formulas using linear regression models: formula 1, GA (days) = 92.563 + (11.604 × ischial length); formula 2, GA (days) = 57.006 + (7.819 × iliac length); and formula 3, GA (days) = 65.809 + (5.610 × iliac length) + (3.431 × ischial length).

Conclusions

The 2‐dash line method can contribute to efficient and precise ultrasound measurement of the ilium and ischium in pelvic biometry of the fetus.
Path from the discovery to the elimination of hepatitis C virus: Honoring the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020
Authors: Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long
Published: December 2020

The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, in the year 2020, has been awarded to three scientists, Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton, and Charles Rice, for jointly discovering the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This remarkable achievement is a huge breakthrough in the fight against hepatitis C. Most importantly, their pioneering works have successfully saved millions of lives by acting as the foundation for sensitive blood tests and effective antivirals. Inspired by the 2020 Nobel Prize winners, this review article honors their great efforts and discusses several unmet needs in the path toward HCV elimination. In Taiwan, we adopted a micro‐elimination approach plus patient‐centric outreach program to tackle the obstacles that stand in the way of HCV elimination. With its significant results, HCV elimination could be achieved in the near future.
Topsoil carbon‐selective transport in an eroding soil landscape with vegetation restoration
Authors: Li Jianye , Fu Bojie , Feng Xiaoming , Dargusch Paul , Liu Jianbo , Chen Weiliang , Wang Jian
Published: December 2020

Water erosion affects soil carbon (C) loss and C enrichment in deposited sediment. To better understand the dynamics of water erosion and topsoil C loss with sediments after vegetation restoration, we studied the sediment yield from each rainfall event over two growing seasons (June through October) in four runoff plots with different vegetation covers (Robinia pseudoacacia, Spiraea salicifolia, Stipa bungeana, and bare soil) in an eroding soil landscape on the Chinese Loess Plateau in 2016 and 2017. The results showed that the C loss in the deposited sediments was reduced by 99.0 ± 0.5% when the soil was vegetated compared to bare soil. Decreased organic C enrichment ratios were shown under the vegetation cover (2.14 ± 0.68 for tree cover, 1.34 ± 0.20 for shrub cover, and 1.63 ± 0.26 for grass cover) compared to bare soil (2.65 ± 0.99). The decreasing organic C enrichment ratios were affected by the fractional vegetation coverage and soil organic C concentration. During organic C enrichment in the bare soil, the additional particulate organic C or mineral‐associated organic C were based on the C enrichment ratio. The results can improve our understanding of C enrichment processes under different vegetation covers and help predict the C enrichment ratio in a vegetation restoration area.
Comparison of Fractional Micro‐Plasma Radiofrequency and Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars: A Pilot Randomized Split‐Face Clinical Study in China
Authors: Lan Ting , Tang Li , Xia Aiai , Hamblin Michael R. , Jian Dan , Yin Rui
Published: December 2020

Background and Objective

Both fractional micro‐plasma radiofrequency (RF) and fractional microneedle RF are novel devices that can be applied for the treatment of atrophic acne scars, and they have both been proved to be effective. To compare the clinical effectiveness and adverse reactions of fractional micro‐plasma RF and fractional microneedle RF for the therapy of facial atrophic acne scars in a randomized split‐face study.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Sixty patients with facial atrophic acne scars received three applications at 2‐month intervals in a randomized split‐face study using fractional micro‐plasma RF and fractional microneedle RF on different sides of the face. Three independent dermatologists evaluated the improvement in acne scars using the ECCA grading scale (Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'Acné) by comparing the digital images and graded the improvement in the acne scars. Patients were asked to provide a self‐evaluation of satisfaction for efficacy and safety. Adverse effects were also recorded after each treatment.

Results

In total sixty patients completed the entire study. A significant improvement was observed in the appearance of acne scars, and the mean ECCA scores improved significantly after both modalities. The mean decrease in ECCA scores from the baseline was significantly more pronounced in fractional micro‐plasma RF as compared with fractional microneedle RF (41.33 ± 20.19 vs 32.17 ± 17.35; P < 0.05). The degree of clinical improvement was also significantly better for fractional micro‐plasma RF. Pain, erythema, and swelling were observed in all patients after both treatments. The pain was more intense during micro‐plasma RF treatment (P = 0.000), and the duration of pain and erythema were longer than with fractional microneedle RF (P = 0.000). Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) was observed in one patient on the fractional micro‐plasma RF side while no PIH was observed on the fractional microneedle RF side. No infections or worsening of scarring was observed with either treatment. No subject was dissatisfied with the efficacy of either device. Rolling scars tended to respond better to fractional micro‐plasma RF treatment compared with fractional microneedle RF (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

Both fractional micro‐plasma RF and fractional microneedle RF are effective and safe methods for improving atrophic acne scars. Fractional micro‐plasma RF is significantly more effective for atrophic acne scars, especially for rolling scars. However, fractional microneedle RF has fewer side effects plus shorter downtime, and patients are more comfortable after the treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
A Reusable Column Method Using Glycopolymer‐Functionalized Resins for Capture–Detection of Proteins and Escherichia coli
Authors: Ajish Juby K. , Abraham Hephziba Maria , Subramanian Mahesh , Kumar K. S. Ajish
Published: December 2020

The use of glycopolymer‐functionalized resins (Resin–Glc), as a solid support, in column mode for bacterial/protein capture and quantification is explored. The Resin–Glc is synthesized from commercially available chloromethylated polystyrene resin and glycopolymer, and is characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analysis. The percentage of glycopolymer functionalized on Resin–Glc is accounted to be 5 wt%. The ability of Resin–Glc to selectively capture lectin, Concanavalin A, over Peanut Agglutinin, reversibly, is demonstrated for six cycles of experiments. The bacterial sequestration study using SYBR (Synergy Brands, Inc.) Green I tagged Escherichia coli/Staphylococcus aureus reveals the ability of Resin–Glc to selectively capture E. coli over S. aureus. The quantification of captured cells in the column is carried out by enzymatic colorimetric assay using methylumbelliferyl glucuronide as the substrate. The E. coli capture studies reveal a consistent capture efficiency of 105 CFU (Colony Forming Units) g−1 over six cycles. Studies with spiked tap water samples show satisfactory results for E. coli cell densities ranging from 102 to 107 CFU mL−1. The method portrayed can serve as a basis for the development of a reusable solid support in capture and detection of proteins and bacteria.
How cultural branding, story‐telling, and personification can save the iconic Australian koala
Authors: Caldwell Marylouise , Henry Paul C.
Published: December 2020

This article addresses the question as to why such a much loved and iconic Australian animal—the koala—has long been headed on a trajectory of extinction; primarily due to a lack of public concern and political will. Despite the affectionate regard in which they are held, koalas remain out of sight and out of mind for most Australians. However, the widely publicized catastrophic Australian bushfire season of 2019–2020 is a rare and illuminating case in which public support for koala welfare was stimulated by significant national and international media attention. The primary problem facing koala conservation was thrown into sharp relief—the need to proactively protect them from human activities destroying their habitat. This article explores how a marketer‐lead intervention, employing cultural branding, story‐telling, and personification, could potentially motivate the public to apply pressure at all levels of government to proactively protect the koala's habitat and grow their numbers. This solution is grounded in an awareness of several issues likely to impact its success, including: (1) the koala's biology and behavior, (2) uncertainty around koala population numbers, (3) the emergence of the koala as an (inter)national) icon, (4) the Australian 2019–2020 bushfire emergency, (5) postfire complacency, (6) Lewis and other koala stories, (7) acknowledging competing interests, and (8) taking learnings forward. Finally, the proposed campaign centers on forging emotional links between the koala and consumers, which are likely to positively impact consumers' attitudes, information processing and memory functions associated with messages highlighting the need to preserve the koala's habitat.