bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-{[(1R,3R)-3-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-oxocyclopentyl]methylidene}-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide
Authors: Tymann David , Dragon Dina Christina , Golz Christopher , Preut Hans , Strohmann Carsten , Hiersemann Martin
Published: January 2015

The title compound, C17H24N2O3S, was synthesized in order to determine the relative configuration of the corresponding β-keto aldehyde. In the U-shaped molecule, the five-membered ring approximates an envelope with the methylene atom adjacent to the quaternary C atom being the flap. The dihedral angles between the four nearly coplanar atoms of the five-membered ring and the flap and the aromatic ring are 38.8 (4) and 22.9 (2)°, respectively. The bond angles around the S atom are in the range 104.11 (16)–119.95 (16)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaN—H...O by hydrogen bonds, forming a chain along thea-axis direction.
Crystal structure of bis(cyclohexylammonium) diphenyldioxalatostannate(IV)
Authors: Sarr Modou , Diasse-Sarr Aminata , Diop Libasse , Plasseraud Laurent , Cattey Hélène
Published: January 2015

Reaction of oxalic acid and diphenyltin dichloride in the presence of cyclohexylamine led to the formation of the title salt, (C6H14N)2[Sn(C6H5)2(C2O4)2]. The dianion is made up from an Sn(C6H5)2moietycis-coordinated by two chelating oxalate anions, leading to an overall distorted octahedral coordination geometry of the SnIVatom. The negative charges are compensated by two surrounding cyclohexylammonium cations adopting chair conformations each. In the crystal, anions and cations are linkedviaa network of N—H...O hydrogen bonds into a layered arrangement parallel to (101).
Crystal structure of 4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzonitrile
Authors: Kanagawa Mayu , Okuno Tsunehisa
Published: January 2015

In the title compound, C10H7NO, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the prop-2-yn-1-yloxy grouping is 9.47 (10)°. The bond lengths indicate electronic conjugation between the cyano group, the benzene ring and the propynyloxy oxygen atom. In the crystal, a hydrogen bond between the acetylenic C—H atom and the cyano nitrogen atom link the molecules into wave-like [30-1] C(11) chains. These chains are connected by Csp2—H...πac(πacis the acetylinic C—C triple bond) close contacts [2.794 (1) Å], resulting in a rolling sheet structure parallel to theacplane and aromatic π–π stacking interactions between the sheets [centroid–centroid distance = 3.593 (2) Å] generate a three-dimensional network.
Crystal structure oftrans-(1,8-dibutyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane-κ4N3,N6,N10,N13)bis(perchlorato-κO)copper(II) from synchrotron data
Authors: Kim Dae-Woong , Shin Jong Won , Moon Dohyun
Published: January 2015

The structure of the title compound, [Cu(ClO4)2(C16H38N6)] has been determined from synchrotron data, λ = 0.62988 Å. The asymmetric unit comprises one half of the CuIIcomplex as the CuIIcation lies on an inversion center. It is coordinated by the four secondary N atoms of the macrocyclic ligand and the mutuallytransO atoms of the two perchlorate ions in a tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry. The average equatorial Cu—N bond length is significantly shorter than the average axial Cu—O bond length [2.010 (4) and 2.569 (1) Å, respectively]. Intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the macrocyclic ligand and uncoordinating O atoms of the perchlorate ligand stabilize the molecular structure. In the crystal structure, an extensive series of intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate a three-dimensional network.
Crystal structure of a mixed solvated form of amoxapine acetate
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajni M. , Raval Vishal , Oswald Iain D. H. , Florence Alastair J.
Published: January 2015

The mixed solvated salt 4-(2-chlorodibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepin-11-yl)piperazin-1-ium acetate–acetic acid–cyclohexane (2/2/1), C17H17ClN3O+·C2H3O2−·C2H4O2·0.5C6H12, crystallizes with one molecule of protonated amoxapine (AXPN), an acetate anion and a molecule of acetic acid together with half a molecule of cyclohexane. In the centrosymmetric crystal, both enantiomers of the protonated AXPN molecule stack alternatively along [001]. Acetate anions connect the AXPN cations through N—H...O hydrogen bonding in the [010] direction, creating a sheet lying parallel to (100). The acetic acid molecules are linked to the acetate anionsviaO—H...O hydrogen bonds within the sheets. Within the sheets there are also a number of C—H...O hydrogen bonds present. The cyclohexane solvent molecules occupy the space between the sheets.
The crystal structure of 1,5-dibenzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(5H)-thione
Authors: El Fal Mohammed , Ramli Youssef , Essassi El Mokhtar , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: January 2015

In the title compound, C19H16N4S, the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ring is close to being planar, with the greatest deviation from the mean plane being 0.023 (2) Å for the C atom bearing the thione S atom. The two phenyl rings are nearly perpendicular to the fused ring system [dihedral angles = 71.4 (2) and 78.1 (2)°], but are oriented in opposite directions; the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 32.22 (16)°. In the crystal, linear supramolecular chains along [101] are sustained by C—H...S interactions.
6,7-Dichloro-2,3-bis(pyridin-2-yl)quinoxaline
Authors: Crundwell Guy , Glagovich Neil M. , King Melissa E.
Published: January 2015

The title compound, C18H10Cl2N4, synthesized by the condensation reaction between 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine and 1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione in boiling acetic acid, has a nearly planar quinoxaline moiety [maximum deviation = 0.070 (1) Å] whose mean plane makes dihedral angles of 40.51 (2) and 39.29 (3)° with the pyridine rings. Within the unit cell, there are no classical hydrogen bonds. Molecules in the structure pack with π–π stacking contacts between the quinoxaline units and nearby pyridine rings with an intercentroid distance of 3.7676 (9) Å.
Crystal structure ofS-hexyl (E)-3-(4-methylbenzylidene)dithiocarbazate
Authors: Howlader M. B. H. , Begum M. S. , Sheikh M. C. , Miyatake R. , Zangrando E.
Published: January 2015

In the title compound, C15H22N2S2, the dithiocarbazate group adopts anEconformation with respect to the C=N bond of the benzylidene moiety. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with anR22(8) ring motif. The dimers are linkedviaC—H...π interactions, forming chains propagating along [100].
Crystal structure of di-n-butylbis(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium(IV)
Authors: Arndt Perdita , Schubert Kathleen , Burlakov Vladimir V. , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: January 2015

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Hf(C10H15)2(C4H9)2], reveals two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The diffraction experiment was performed with a racemically twinned crystal showing a 0.529 (5):0.471 (5) component ratio. Each HfIVatom is coordinated by two pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and twon-butyl ligands in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with the cyclopentadienyl rings inclined to one another by 45.11 (15) and 45.37 (16)°. In contrast to the isostructural di(n-butyl)bis(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV) complex with a noticeable difference in the Zr–butyl bonding, the Hf—Cbutylbond lengths differ from each other by no more than 0.039 (3) Å.
Crystal structure of bis(2,2′-bipyridine)[N′-(quinolin-2-ylmethylidene)pyridine-2-carbohydrazide]ruthenium(II) bis(tetrafluoridoborate) dichloromethane trisolvate
Authors: Mori Asami , Suzuki Takayoshi , Nakajima Kiyohiko
Published: January 2015

The title compound, [Ru(C10H8N2)2(C16H12N4O)](BF4)2·3CH2Cl2, crystallizes with one complex dication, two BF4−counter-anions and three dichloromethane solvent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The central RuIIatom adopts a distorted octahedral coordination sphere with two 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and one quinoline-2-carbaldehyde (pyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazone (HL) ligand. The hydrazone ligand has aZform and coordinates to the RuIIatomviathe amide-O and imine-N atoms, affording a planar five-membered chelate ring, while its pyridine-N and quinoline-N donor atoms in the substituents are non-coordinating. The hydrazone N—H group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the quinoline-N atom. In the crystal, the quinoline moiety of HLshows the shortest π–π stacking interaction with the pyridine substituent of HLin a neighbouring complex, the centroid-to-centroid distance being 3.793 (3) Å.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-{[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)hydrazin-1-yl]carbonyl}pyridinium chloride trihydrate
Authors: Novina J. Josephine , Vasuki G. , Suresh M. , Padusha M. Syed Ali
Published: January 2015

In the title hydrated salt, C13H10Cl2N3O+·Cl−·3H2O, the organic cation exhibits a dihedral angle of 8.26 (14)° between the mean planes of the pyridinium and benzene rings, and dihedral angles of 8.70 (15) and 15.93 (5)° between the mean planes of the hydrazide group and the benzene and pyridinium rings, respectively. In the crystal, N—H...O, N—H...Cl, C—H...O, C—H...Cl, O—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link the complex cations, chloride anions and solvent water molecules into a three-dimensional network.
The relationship between lean operations and sustainable operations
Authors: Piercy Niall , Rich Nick
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The adoption of lean operational practices and independently the uptake of business practices related to sustainability and corporate social responsibility continues to grow. Past research has hinted at relationships between these two areas – suggesting that “lean is green” (e.g. Florida, 1996). The lean mantra of waste reduction and “doing more with less” is immediately apparent as delivering environmental benefits and has formed the basis of past research (e.g. Hughes, 2012). Almost all research linking lean operations or lean supply chains to sustainability issues have focused exclusively on environmental impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the broader sustainability benefits of lean operations.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper uses a longitudinal multi-year (up to four years observation), multi-case analysis (n=5).

Findings

– The paper reports that lean operations meet a wide range of sustainability outcomes beyond environmental benefits (including supply monitoring, transparency, workforce treatment, and community engagement). The paper specifies the internal and external policies, procedures, tools, and strategies for implementation of lean and sustainable operations management (OM). This is encapsulated in the development of a stage-based theoretical model of lean-sustainability. Further, it is proposed that lean implementation and sustainability performance are in fact interlinked.

Originality/value

– Past research on the role of lean operations in improving sustainably has focused almost exclusively on environmental benefits accruing from toolkit/workplace level waste reduction. This paper demonstrates that lean provides more than a toolkit (a philosophy and strategic direction) and that this meets a wide range of sustainable outcomes. This finding makes major contributions to conceptualising how lean operations influence sustainability outcomes. The paper develops the first integrative stage-based model of lean and sustainable OM.
Environmental and social sustainability priorities
Authors: Longoni Annachiara , Cagliano Raffaella
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– Environmental and social sustainability are becoming key competitive priorities for companies, but the way in which they are integrated in operations strategies remains an open issue. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether established operations strategy configuration models (i.e. price-oriented, market-oriented and capability-oriented models) are modified to include environmental and social priorities and whether different operations strategy configuration models are equally successful in the short and long term.

Design/methodology/approach

– Analyses were performed using data from the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (2009), including companies in the assembly industry in 21 different countries. According to previous studies, cluster analysis of competitive priorities and ANOVA analysis of the business strategy and short- and long-term performance were performed.

Findings

– The results show that traditional operations strategy configuration models are slightly modified. Market-oriented and capability-oriented operations strategies are complemented by environmental and social sustainability priorities. These operations strategies are adopted by companies with a differentiation and innovation business strategy. Moreover, capability-oriented companies, which are the most committed to environmental and social sustainability, perform better in both the short and long term.

Practical implications

– This research shows to companies that traditional operations strategies focusing on specific competitive priorities (e.g. low price) are being replaced by more holistic strategies that include sustainability priorities. However, environmental and social priorities contribute to competitive advantage when complementing capability-oriented operations strategies.

Originality/value

– This paper extends operations strategy configuration models highlighting how environmental and social sustainability priorities can be deployed together with traditional competitive operations priorities.
Antecedents and benefits of obtaining preferred customer status
Authors: Bemelmans Jeroen , Voordijk Hans , Vos Bart , Dewulf Geert
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore both the antecedents and the impact of a buying company having preferred customer status. Specific attention is paid to an, until now, unexplored antecedent: the buyer’s maturity as perceived by the supplier. In terms of impact, the focus is on the link between obtaining preferred customer status from a specific supplier and the buyer’s satisfaction with its collaboration with that supplier.

Design/methodology/approach

– Two case studies in the Dutch construction industry were conducted and, in each case, representatives of three companies were interviewed: one supplier plus two of its customers, one of them having a preferred status. As such, a total of four dyadic matched-pair inter-organizational relationships have been investigated.

Findings

– First, it is beneficial for buying companies to obtain preferred customer status at their suppliers, since this will have a positive impact on the buying company’s satisfaction with the collaboration. Second, if buying companies aim to obtain preferred customer status at their suppliers it is important that they are perceived as mature in managing supplier relationships.

Practical implications

– Although buying companies and suppliers often both want to increase their mutual business, there can be many factors that impede this. The framework presented in this research can help companies overcoming these impediments.

Originality/value

– This is the first study exploring the impact of being a preferred customer on the buyer-supplier relationship in the construction industry.
To assess and be assessed
Authors: Lundh Anna Hampson , Francke Helena , Sundin Olof
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore how students construct narratives of themselves as information seekers in a school context where their descriptions of their information activities are assessed and graded.

Design/methodology/approach

– Blog posts on credibility judgements written by 28 students at a Swedish upper secondary school were analysed through a bottom-up coding process based in the sociocultural concept of narratives of selves.

Findings

– Two tensions in the students’ accounts are identified. The first tension is that between the description of the individual, independent student and the description of the good group member. The second tension is between describing oneself as an independent information seeker and at the same time as someone who seeks information in ways that are sanctioned within the school setting.

Research limitations/implications

– The study focuses on a specific social practice and on situated activities, but also illustrates some aspects of information activities that pertain to educational contexts in general. It explores how social norms related to credibility judgements are expressed and negotiated in discursive interaction.

Practical implications

– The study highlights that when information activities become objects of assessment, careful consideration of what aspects are meant to be assessed is necessary.

Originality/value

– The study is based on the idea of information activities as socially and discursively shaped, and it illustrates some of the consequences when information activities become objects of teaching, learning, and grading.
Profiling information behaviour of nursing students: part 2: derivation of profiles
Authors: Stokes Peter , Urquhart Christine
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop information behaviour profiles for nursing students, to help inform information literacy programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

– The methods include further analysis of quantitative findings (previously reported in part 1), together with qualitative research data collection and analysis. Critical incident type interviews with 11 students were transcribed and analysed using an interpretative categorisation method that used dendrograms for data display and analysis. From the regression analysis of the quantitative data, the micro-processes for information seeking were linked to learning styles, and then to personality traits to generate information seeking profiles. Integration of the qualitative findings led to development of a task-based information search model.

Findings

– The start list of seven categories for qualitative analysis (derived from a literature review) was refined (one category added, one removed, with some relabelling). The quantitative data analysis revealed seven profiles (deep adventurer, deep identifier, deep investigator, strategic all-rounder, strategic collector, surface co-ordinator, surface skimmer, each linked to a particular learning style, personality trait, and preferred information seeking micro-processes).

Research limitations/implications

– The data were collected at only one university and the profiles and the model need to be validated with data from other groups of nursing students. The findings on micro-processes consolidate and extend previous research.

Practical implications

– The profiles should inform information literacy programmes as they show that information search profiles may be more varied than assumed. The information search model extends previous task-based information search models.

Originality/value

– The information search profiles have not been identified previously.
The library assemblage: creative institutions in an information society
Authors: Gerolami Natasha
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical analysis of the concept of an “institution” in order to understand the potential of the library as an institution.

Design/methodology/approach

– The work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari is used to build a theoretical foundation from which to construct a vision of institutions, particularly libraries, as a tools for social justice rather than market forces.

Findings

– It is possible to analyse institutions and libraries in particular, in terms of codes and rules that constrain behaviour. The concept of institutions as assemblages can be used as an alternative in order to emphasise the creative and transformative potential of institutions.

Originality/value

– The paper contributes to a small body of critical literature that examines the theoretical principles that can ground library services as tools for advocacy.
The individual and the collective
Authors: Dulayami Sawsan Taha H. , Robinson Lyn
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to report a study which investigates some factors in the current state of knowledge management (KM) in Saudi Arabia, and to consider the relevance of the findings for KM and information sharing generally.

Design/methodology/approach

– A survey of Saudi Arabia private companies with a KM policy was carried out, and the issues raised were investigated further by literature analysis.

Findings

– Issues examined include the effect of demographics, the balance between human and digital resources, the relation between KM and organisational learning, the effect of the cultural context, the nature of reward for knowledge sharing, including enhancement of self-worth, and the relation between the personal and individual, and the collective and social.

Research limitations/implications

– The survey has a self-selected convenience sample, which is rather skewed demographically. The literature analysis is selective rather than comprehensive.

Originality/value

– Presents an analysis of some general issues of KM and information sharing through the lens of one cultural context.
Disciplinary documentation in Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Kosciejew Marc Richard Hugh
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to argue that information is an important effect of documentation. It is in this way that documentation studies distinguishes between concepts of and practices with “information” and “document”: that is, documentation studies helps illuminate how information is created, stabilized, and materialized such that it can emerge and, in turn, how it can then be controlled, deployed, enforced, entrenched, managed, and used in many different ways, in various settings, and for diverse purposes.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper presents a conceptual framework on documentation, drawing upon the work of Bernd Frohmann, Michel Foucault, Bruno Latour, Hannah Arendt, @@and Ian Hacking, and applied to a case study of Apartheid South Africa.

Findings

– Apartheid’s documentation helped achieve apartness at the macro and micro levels of society: on the macro level, the creation and subsequent separation of different racial and ethnic identities were drafted, adopted, and turned into law through legislative documents; on the micro level, these identities were reinforced through routines with personal documents and public signs. This documentation functioned as a documentary apparatus, providing a tangible link between individuals and their official racial and ethnic categories by creating a seamless movement of documents through various institutions; further it helped transform these racial and ethnic identities into lived facts that disciplined and controlled life.

Originality/value

– By examining documentation, one can present a fresh and unique perspective to understanding the construction of various things, such as the construction of identities. This conceptual framework contributes to Library and Information Science (LIS) by illuminating the central role of documentation in the creation, stabilization, materialization, and emergence of information. By using Apartheid South Africa as a case study, this paper demonstrates how this framework can be applied to shed new light on different kinds of phenomena in diverse contexts; consequently, it not only contributes to and extends parts of the scholarship on documentation studies within LIS, but also presents new directions for other academic disciplines and multidisciplinary analyses and research.
Guidelines for mandated documents
Authors: Westbrook Lynn
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present findings on the efficacy of documents that US police are required to provide to domestic violence survivors, specifically intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. Triangulating data from survivors, shelter staff, and law enforcement officers across four stages of IPV experiences, this national study identifies priorities among essential information needs and proposes information guidelines for law enforcement.

Design/methodology/approach

– A nationally distributed, 13-item, e-mail questionnaire was submitted to a stratified sample (ten largest, median, and smallest) of law enforcement agencies in all 50 states. Domestic violence shelters in each of the 1,500 cities were similarly recruited; survivors were recruited indirectly via shelter staff. The questions were clustered in terms of four common situations. Responses from 839 individuals were obtained, self-identified as police officers (481), shelter staff (263), and IPV survivors (95).

Findings

– Documents should be formatted for safety (i.e. small), developed for specific situations, and written simply. They should also offer information about non-law enforcement services. All three of the populations queried agreed that the immediate needs of survivors are stronger than their long-term needs.

Research limitations/implications

– The primary limitations are that the survey could include no means of determining the degree to which the respondents match the sample, and the response rate was insufficient to support inferential statistical analysis.

Originality/value

– This national study, the first of its kind, explicates the nuances of information elements in the personally situated experiences of survivors, and it presents the first set of suggested law-enforcement document design guidelines.
How to build the permanently innovative company: five tested sets of management practices
Authors: Engel Kai , Dirlea Voletka , Dyer Stephen , Graff Jochen
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– This article reports on the findings of the Best Innovator competition, which was launched in Germany in 2003, to identify and communicate the best practices of innovation management of the country’s businesses. After ten years of research, the contest has not only been expanded to identify the most innovative companies in much of the developed world but also to document the success of their best practices over time.

Design/methodology/approach

– This article details five tested sets of best practices.

Findings

– A major research finding is the strong correlation between superior innovation management capabilities and sustainable, profitable growth. Another finding was that, given the mix of industries, the diversity of businesses and the range of sizes in the Best Innovator club, it is striking that there is no correlation between R&D budget and innovation.

Practical implications

– Best Innovators first develop and then manage their innovation portfolios. All of them pursue clarity on a fundamental question: what do we want our innovation strategy to do for us?

Originality/value

– The researchers found that to get their innovation strategies right, Best Innovators invest upfront in understanding market, technology and service dynamics. They are investing time more than money. Leaders can learn how Best Innovators address innovation management “from the market to the market” and manipulate five areas to improve their innovation performance and propel sustainable and profitable growth.
The next digital gold rush: how the internet of things will create liquid, transparent markets
Authors: Brody Paul , Pureswaran Veena
Published: January 2015

Purpose

– The article analyses the market changes that are likely to be produced by and Internet of Things comprised of hundreds of billions of connected devices.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on an IBM study, the authors foresee an Internet of Things emerging as a low-cost, private-by-design “democracy of devices” that will enable new digital economies and create new value, while offering consumers and enterprises fundamentally better products and user experiences.

Findings

– The IoT creates the ability to digitize, sell and deliver physical assets as easily as with virtual goods today. Using everything from Bluetooth beacons to Wi-Fi-connected door locks to allow customer access, many physical assets will become digital services.

Practical implications

– In a device-driven democracy, conference rooms, hotel rooms, cars and warehouse bays can themselves report capacity, utilization and availability in real-time. By taking raw capacity and making it easy to be utilized commercially, the IoT can remove barriers to fractionalization of industries that would otherwise be impossible.

Originality/value

– The article paints a compelling picture of a future in which the Internet of Things initiates five vectors of disruption by: Unlocking excess capacity of physical assets. 2. Creating liquid, transparent marketplaces. 3. Radical re-pricing of credit and risk. 4. Improving operational efficiency. 5. Digitally integrating value chains.
Case of Behçet's disease complicated by oculomotor nerve palsy associated with internal carotid artery‐posterior communicating artery aneurysm
Authors: Yamaoka Toshifumi , Murota Hiroyuki , Katayama Ichiro
Published: January 2015

Behçet's disease (BD) is a relapsing systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology involving systemic vasculitis. Vasculitis in BD results from the involvement of arteries, veins and blood vessels of all sizes, which leads to the three major manifestations of this condition: venous occlusion, arterial occlusion and aneurysm formation. Therefore, whole‐body vascular involvement should always be considered in BD patients. Here, we describe the first appearance of an internal carotid‐posterior communicating artery aneurysm, resulting in complete oculomotor nerve palsy in a BD patient. A 44‐year‐old Japanese man suffered from recurrent episodes of erythema nodosum that had presented on the lower extremities for the past 2 years. His condition was diagnosed as an incomplete type of BD based on relapsing oral and genital ulcers, skin eruptions, such as erythema nodosum and folliculitis, a positive pathergy test and systemic arthralgia. Ten years after his initial clinical presentation, he had manifestations of right‐sided ptosis and cyclic dull pain in his right temporal region. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed a right internal carotid artery‐posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Although oculomotor nerve palsy associated with internal carotid artery‐posterior communicating artery aneurysm in a BD patient has not been reported previously, our report highlights the fact that this abnormal manifestation should be considered in those with vasculo‐BD.
Clinical clues for differential diagnosis between verruca plana and verruca plana‐like seborrheic keratosis
Authors: Kim Won‐Jeong , Lee Won‐Ku , Song Margaret , Kim Hoon‐Soo , Ko Hyun‐Chang , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Moon‐Bum
Published: January 2015

Sometimes the clinical differentiation between verruca plana (VP) and VP‐like seborrheic keratosis (SK) could be challenged. However, there have been no studies on this issue to date. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and dermoscopic differences between these two diseases, and also to suggest a diagnostic algorithm of VP and VP‐like SK without skin biopsy. The patients who had lesions clinically considered as VP or VP‐like SK were the target of our study. We took clinical and dermoscopic photos with informed consent and conducted a questionnaire. All patients had their diagnoses confirmed by biopsy. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled in our study. Seventeen patients were finally diagnosed with VP (51.5%) and 16 patients with VP‐like SK (48.5%). In clinical findings, VP‐like SK showed significantly more scattered distribution than VP (P = 0.039), which exhibited more clustered or grouped distribution (P = 0.039). In dermoscopic findings, brain‐like appearance was more commonly observed in VP‐like SK (P = 0.003) whereas VP showed more red dots or globular vessels (P = 0.017) and even‐colored light brown to yellow patch (P < 0.001). Sex, onset age, the size of each lesion, location, color and shape showed no significant differences between them (P > 0.05). Based on our results, we suggest a diagnostic algorithm using Koebner's phenomenon, dermoscopic findings, distribution of each lesion and biopsy for multiple VP‐like lesions in adults, and we think it will be a very useful diagnostic tool in daily clinical dermatological practice.
Successful treatment of cholinergic urticaria with methantheliniumbromide
Authors: Altrichter Sabine , Wosny Katja , Maurer Marcus
Published: January 2015

Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a frequent and often hard to treat disorder characterized by wheal and flare type reactions that occur in response to exercise and passive warming. Antihistamines are the first‐line treatment, but are often not effective. Here, we report a 33‐year‐old male CholU patient who was able to engage in physical activities without suffering any symptoms for several hours following the intake of methantheliniumbromide, an anticholinergic agent that suppresses sweating. We confirmed this therapeutic response by pulse‐controlled ergometry testing, which showed delayed sweating and markedly delayed and reduced whealing after methantheliniumbromide treatment. Our findings suggest that CholU patients may benefit from methantheliniumbromide treatment.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐induced granulomatous dermatitis with enlarged histiocytes clinically manifesting as painful edematous nodules with high fever similar to Sweet's syndrome
Authors: Ozaki Saeko , Funasaka Yoko , Takubo Masaya , Matayoshi Takemitsu , Ueno Takashi , Asayama Toshio , Saeki Hidehisa
Published: January 2015

A 72‐year‐old woman with a history of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and recent recurrence visited our department complaining of several painful edematous nodules with blisters on her face. She had iteratively developed cutaneous eruptions after every treatment with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) for neutropenia, and each time the eruption improved after the cessation of the G‐CSF treatment. The blisters became crusty and the skin lesions slightly improved, but on the 24th hospital day, the eruption formed painful erythematous nodules with erosion, and the patient also developed a high fever of up to 38°C. A biopsy specimen showed a dermal infiltrate of increased and enlarged plump histiocytes, some of which indicated karyomitosis with a small number of lymphocytes. No increase in the number of eosinophils or neutrophils was noted. These eruptions lasted for 15 days and disappeared with the recovery of the peripheral blood count and attendant cessation of G‐CSF. We diagnosed this case as G‐CSF‐induced granulomatous dermatitis with enlarged histiocytes. Several cases with maculopapular rash and dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed of interstitially arranged large histiocytes have been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of G‐CSF‐induced granulomatous dermatitis with enlarged histiocytes clinically manifesting as painful edematous nodules with a high fever, similar to Sweet's syndrome. We speculated that the infiltrating cells were not neutrophils but histiocytes, presumably because of agranulocytosis.
Microbiome affects egg carotenoid investment, nestling development and adult oxidative costs of reproduction in Great tits
Authors: Jacob Staffan , Parthuisot Nathalie , Vallat Armelle , Ramon‐Portugal Felipe , Helfenstein Fabrice , Heeb Philipp
Published: January 2015

Parasites influence allocation trade‐offs between reproduction and self‐maintenance and consequently shape host life‐history traits. The host microbiome includes pathogenic and commensal micro‐organisms that are remarkable in their diversity and ubiquity. However, experimental studies investigating whether the microbiome shapes host reproduction are still lacking.

In this study, we tested whether the microbiome affects three important components of bird reproduction, namely (i) the maternal transfer of anti‐microbial compounds to the eggs, (ii) the development of nestlings and (iii) the trade‐off between reproduction and self‐maintenance, here measured by the oxidative costs of reproduction.

We experimentally modified the microbiome of wild breeding Great tits (Parus major) by spraying nests with liquid solution that either favoured or inhibited bacterial growth compared to a control. These treatments modified the bacterial communities in the nests and on adult feathers.

We found that females from the treatment that decreased bacterial densities in the nests laid eggs with less carotenoids than females from the control, while we found no significant effect of increasing bacterial densities and modifying community composition compared to the control. Nestlings exposed to decreased bacterial densities grew faster and had longer tarsus length at fledging. Moreover, our analyses revealed that the relationship between investment in reproduction and oxidative damage was affected by the treatments. Adults raising larger clutches suffered higher oxidative damage in control nests, whereas this oxidative cost of reproduction was not detected when we modified bird microbiome.

Our study provides experimental evidence for an effect of the microbiome on egg carotenoid investment, nestling development and oxidative cost of reproduction and thus highlights the major effect that the microbiome may have on the evolution of host life‐history strategies.
The whitefly‐associated facultative symbiont Hamiltonella defensa suppresses induced plant defences in tomato
Authors: Su Qi , Oliver Kerry M. , Xie Wen , Wu Qingjun , Wang Shaoli , Zhang Youjun
Published: January 2015

Maternally inherited bacterial symbionts are present in many, if not most, insect species. While there is rapidly accumulating evidence that facultative, heritable symbionts often protect insect hosts from natural enemies, there have been few clear examples where facultative symbionts mediate herbivore–plant interactions.

The phloem‐feeding whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a major agricultural pest that frequently harbours facultative symbionts, including Hamiltonella defensa. While H. defensa and other facultative symbionts have been shown to improve whitefly performance on particular food plants, no direct and specific roles for symbiont‐mediated interactions with food plants have been identified.

Here, we conducted a series of assays to determine whether infection with H. defensa improved whitefly performance on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and whether this benefit was associated with symbiont effects on induced plant defences. Finally, we tested whether impacts on induced defences involved in the modulation of a salivary factor.

The downregulation of plant defences was associated with increased whitefly fecundity and survival. Feeding by H. defensa‐infected whiteflies suppressed JA and JA‐related anti‐herbivore‐induced defences in tomato relative to uninfected controls. That saliva‐only treatments of damaged tomato leaves from H. defensa‐infected whiteflies suppressed induced plant defences compared to saliva from uninfected controls, suggesting that elicitors in saliva were responsible. Characterization of the putative salivary factor(s) revealed they are likely small (< 3‐kDa) and nonproteinaceous.

Interestingly, suppression of defences was not observed in SA‐deficient NahG plants, indicating that suppression of JA‐regulated defences depends on the SA signalling pathway. This finding reveals an intriguing example of the crosstalk between SA and JA signalling pathways and suggests that infection with facultative symbionts can result in the manipulation of induced plant defences to the benefit of the insect host and heritable symbiont.

Our results show that the bacterial symbiont H. defensa mediates whitefly–plant interactions by suppressing induced plant defences in tomato. This finding is among the first showing a direct role for facultative symbionts in mediating plant–herbivore interactions and demonstrates a novel tactic for insect herbivores to circumvent plant defences. Symbiont‐mediated suppression of plant defences may enhance the deleterious effects of insect pests feeding on important crops.
Influence of water pressure dynamics and fluid flow on the streaming‐potential response for unsaturated conditions
Authors: Allègre V. , Jouniaux L. , Lehmann F. , Sailhac P. , Toussaint R.
Published: January 2015

Streaming‐potentials are produced by electrokinetic effects in relation to fluid flow and are used for geophysical prospecting. The aim of this study is to model streaming potential measurements for unsaturated conditions using an empirical approach. A conceptual model is applied to streaming potential measurements obtained from two drainage experiments in sand. The streaming potential data presented here show a non‐monotonous behaviour with increasing water saturation, following a pattern that cannot be predicted by existing models. A model involving quasi‐static and dynamic components is proposed to reproduce the streaming potential measurements. The dynamic component is based on the first time derivative of the driving pore pressure. The influence of this component is investigated with respect to fluid velocity, which is very different between the two experiments. The results demonstrate that the dynamic component is predominant at the onset of drainage in experiments with the slowest water flow. On the other hand, its influence appears to vanish with increasing drainage velocity. Our results suggest that fluid flow and water distribution at the pore scale have an important influence on the streaming potential response for unsaturated conditions. We propose to explain this specific streaming potential response in terms of the behaviour of both rock/water interface and water/air interfaces created during desaturation processes. The water/air interfaces are negatively charged, as also observed in the case of water/rock interfaces. Both the surface area and the flow velocity across these interfaces are thought to contribute to the non‐monotonous behaviour of the streaming potential coefficient as well as the variations in its amplitude. The non‐monotonous behaviour of air/water interfaces created during the flow was highlighted as it was measured and modelled by studies published in the literature. The streaming potential coefficient can increase to about 10 to 40 when water saturation decreases. Such an increase is possible if the amount of water/air interfaces is increased in sufficient amount, which can be the case.
Effects of organ removal on trade‐offs between sexual and clonal reproduction in the stoloniferous herb Duchesnea indica
Authors: Xiao Yi‐An , Dong Ming , Wang Ning , Lan Li‐Li
Published: January 2015

Resource allocation patterns and trade‐off between sexual and clonal reproduction in clonal plants have been extensively studied, but little is known about effects of organ removal on the trade‐offs in clonal plants. To examine the effects, we conducted an experiment with the stoloniferous herb Duchesnea indica in which we removed plant organs like roots, flowers, or fruits. Removing roots significantly increased number of ramets and biomass allocation to stolons, but decreased number of fruits. Removing flowers or fruits greatly increased number of ramets and biomass allocation to stolons and roots, but decreased spacer length, number of fruits, and fruits set. Onset and median date of flowering phenology of D. indica shifted after flowers, fruits, or roots were removed. These results may indicate that removing organs can affect trade‐off between sexual and clonal reproduction of D. indica.
Individual Funding for Disability Support: What are the Implications for Accountability?
Authors: Dickinson Helen , Needham Catherine , Sullivan Helen
Published: January 2015

A range of different countries have experimented with the concept of individualised funding and self‐directed support, particularly for long term care. With the introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme, individual funding looks set to be an area of future development in Australia. Individual funding is concerned with making the financial aspects of care more explicit at the level of the individual. Supporters suggest that it has the potential to transform paternalistic and inflexible systems into ones that grant greater power to individuals. The introduction of individualised funding also poses a number of interesting questions about accountability. The paper considers these accountability dilemmas and provides evidence from different national settings to illustrate how these accountabilities may manifest in an Australian context. The paper concludes by setting out a framework of accountability bringing together these different dilemmas to think about provision of care as a whole.
The Meaning and Purposes of Transnational Accountability
Authors: Macdonald Kate
Published: January 2015

It is now commonplace for the language of accountability to be invoked in debates about transnational power and governance. Yet there is little agreement on whether ‘accountability’ takes an analogous form between national and transnational governance domains, and thus whether transnational extension of the concept overstretches the term – blurring or distorting our analysis of meanings and purposes of accountability. This paper suggests that although the same core meaning of accountability is equally relevant at transnational as at national scale, there are some notable differences in how questions about accountability ‘for what’, ‘to whom’ and ‘through what means’ are answered in a transnational governance setting. Nonetheless, analysing transnational accountability can enhance our understanding of important but often overlooked purposes of accountability – focusing our attention on accountability not only as a means of legitimizing and stabilizing public governance processes, but also as a vehicle for political contestation and institutional change.
The Black Box of Bureaucracy: Interrogating Accountability in the Public Service
Authors: Jarvis Mark D
Published: January 2015

Bolstering accountability among civil servants has been at the centre of public governance reform efforts for well beyond the past decade. A critical gap has been the lack of empirical understanding of the actual accountability practices, especially below the deputy minister level. This article presents initial findings from a larger research study comparing Canada, Australia and the Netherlands aimed at addressing this gap. The study seeks to understand both how, and for what, individual executive, managerial and working‐level public servants are held to account. The research tests an adapted version of Aucoin and Heintzman's and Bovens, Schillemans and 't Hart's respective frameworks on the purposes of accountability. The results suggest that while there is evidence that all four normative purposes of accountability examined – democratic control, assurance, learning and results – are reflected in the actual practice of accountability, practice is wanting in some respect with regard to each of the four.
Incentives and Norms in Anticorruption Reform
Authors: Pottenger Mike
Published: January 2015

This paper examines corruption in the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service (ACBPS). Corruption is framed as an exchange problem between a public official and the state. New Institutional Economics suggests such problems can be overcome using formal and informal institutional structures (e.g. laws and norms). Behavioural economics emphasises that norms may render formal rules less effective. The role of norms in fostering corruption and the constraints on the effectiveness of formal institutions in general and in the ACBPS in particular highlights the importance of addressing the role of norms in anticorruption reform. Current and proposed ACBPS reforms emphasising formal structural incentives need to more explicitly consider and outline the intended effect of reforms upon norms, and/or the expected relationship between the new formal institutional structures and the norms of the organisation.