bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vessels and pressures: Update on the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Klinger James R.
Published: November 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to an abnormal elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) under resting conditions. PH is often encountered in patients with chronic heart and lung disease. Rarely, it occurs in the absence of any identifiable heart or lung abnormalities. Under
these conditions, the increase in PAP may be caused by diffuse remodeling of the distal pulmonary circulation characterized by an obliterative vasculopathy that leads to a marked increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, progressive right heart failure, and usually death. This disease is
referred to as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and has become the focus of intense basic science and clinical research over the past quarter century. Since 1995, five classes of drugs that encompass more than a dozen specific agents have been developed and approved for the treatment
of PAH. The large number of drugs and the myriad forms of pulmonary vascular disease has made the evaluation and treatment of PH an intriguing challenge. This review discusses the most recent definitions of PH and current classification of the pulmonary hypertensive diseases. An overview of
the importance and proper approach to diagnosis is provided as well as the impact of patient selection on the approach to management. An evidence-based approach is used to determine how initial therapy is chosen and how additional medications can be used in patients who do not achieve treatment
goals. Finally, the results of recently completed clinical trials that evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new class of medications that have been developed to target the underlying pathophysiology of PAH are presented and the potential impact on the management of PAH is discussed. The
purpose of this review is to present the reader with an update on the current approach to evaluation and management of PH with an emphasis on PAH.
Geochemical Characteristics and Environmental Risks of Cu in the Soil of A Sloping Vineyard (Phu Tho Province, Vietnam)
Authors: Thi Ha Nhung Pham , Quoc Viet Nguyen , Thi Thanh Huong Tran , Thi Nga Dang , Thanh Vinh Nguyen , Viet Truong Nguyen
Published: November 2024

In the vineyards, the intensive use of cupric fungicides and fertilizers has resulted in Cu enrichment in the soils. Specifically, in sloping vineyards, the mobility of Cu can contribute to intensify the environmental risks. The research on geochemical characteristics of Cu is a key solution to explore the distribution of Cu in different geochemical fractions and understand the mobility and toxicity of this element in the environment. In this study, we aim to investigate the geochemical properties of Cu in the vineyard topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-40-60 cm), using the improved three-step sequential extraction procedure developed by the Commission of the European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR). In addition, the environmental risk is calculated by the environmental risk code (RAC) based on the percentage of Cu in the acid-soluble fraction. The results reveal that the mobility of Cu in the acid-soluble fraction (F1) and reducible fraction (Cu associated with the iron and manganese oxyhydroxides) (F2) tends to decrease with increasing soil depth. The major portion of Cu mostly exists in the strong bond with silicate clays (F4), accounting for 84% of total Cu content on average. Contrarily, the minor propotion of Cu associates with soil organic matter (F3) (3% on average). On the other hand, the content and proportion of Cu in the soil fractions are largerly influenced by basic soil properties (organic matter contents and fine soil particles). In addition, under the impact of soil erosion, higher percentages of F1 and F2 fractions of Cu are observed in the surface soil layers at the top of the hill compared to those at the backslope of the hill. The mean calculated RAC of 10.66%, 5.76%, and 5.38% for the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers, respectively, demonstrate a low risk to medium environmental risk level in the studied vineyard. Although an overall low risk level is observed for Cu in the studied vineyard soil, the deposition of Cu originating from repeated Cu-based pesticides and erosion is of particular concern in the vineyard soils.
Assessment of Plastic Waste Generation and Environmental Leakage in Hai An Ward, Nghi Son Town, Thanh Hoa Province
Authors: Van Hien Dao , Thi Le Dinh , Thi Linh Le , Xuan Duc Do
Published: November 2024

The study estimates plastic waste generation and leakage to the environment and the sea in Hai An ward, Thanh Hoa province. The study uses a material flow analysis model, field samplings (include plastic waste sorting and weighing), and secondary data collection and analysis. The plastic waste generated is estimated to be 77.01 ton/year, of which the plastic waste from domestic sources and other sources, including agriculture and aquaculture (fishing), are 71.17 ton/year and 5.84 ton/year, respectively. Research results show the composition of plastic waste from domestic sources is diverse, with bottles being the highest (28.4%), followed by plastic bags (23.1%). The findings of the study also indicate that the plastic waste leakage to the environment is 9.63 ton/year, of which 6.4 tons are from the uncollected plastic waste and 3.23 tons are the plastic waste lost during the collection, transportation, and treatment process. The research also estimates that the plastic waste leakage to the sea accounts for about 7.24 ton/year, plastic waste retained on land is about 2.16 ton/year, and the plastic waste openly burnt is 0.23 ton/year.
Turbidity Removal Efficiency of Tannin Based Flocculants Derived from Different Agricultural Waste
Authors: Hoang Oanh Le Thi , Minh Loan Luu , Van Hao Nguyen , Thi Thuy Dinh
Published: November 2024

Tannin-based flocculants have been investigated, produced, and commercialized as a promising product in water supply and wastewater treatment. This study compared turbidity removal efficiency of tannin-based flocculants produced from different agricultural waste. Tannin was extracted using ultrasonic method (ethanol 50%, 2 h, 500 kHz) and modified according to Mannich reaction using HCHO and NH4Cl. The coagulation and flocculation efficiencies were determined using Jar-tests on artificial wastewater with initial turbidity of 200 NTU. The results showed that at pH 7 and alum dosage of 5 ppm, turbidity removal efficiency of flocculants derived from longan pericarp, mimosa bark, green tea waste, and green banana peel were 93%, 92.7%, 92%, and 89.8%, respectively; corresponding to flocculant dosages of 10 ppm, 12 ppm, 8 ppm and 8 ppm. Production efficiency for green tea waste (9.4%), mimosa bark (7.1%), longan pericarp (4.6%) were much higher than that for green banana peel (0.5%). Based on the turbidity removal and production efficiencies as well as the optimal dosages of tannin-based flocculants, green tea waste was found to be the most potential material of all four agricultural waste to produce tannin-based flocculants.
Amorphous silica production from Colombian rice husk: demonstration in scaled-up process Products
Authors: Mesa Santiago , Jaramillo Daniela , Urán Laura C. , Vélez Carlos Andrés
Published: November 2024

Introduction: the agroindustry generates significant waste, posing environmental, health, and economic challenges. Among these, rice husk, a byproduct of the food industry, stands out due to its potential as a source of silicon. Due to its silicon content, rice husk offers a unique opportunity for sustainable energy production and the extraction of high-value products, such as amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2). However, optimizing processes for its efficient conversion remains a challenge.Objective: the aim of this study was to optimize the nitric acid concentration for the pretreatment of Colombian rice husk in order to produce high-purity amorphous SiO2 and demonstrate the feasibility of scaling up the process.Methods: a two-stage process was developed, which involved treating rice husk with nitric acid, followed by calcination at 620 °C. The nitric acid concentration was optimized to achieve the highest SiO2 purity. Material characterization was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. To assess the scalability of the process, the treatment was replicated on a larger scale using the optimized acid concentration.Results: the optimized process using a nitric acid concentration of 0.2 M yielded amorphous SiO2 with a purity of 94.9% and a surface area of 298 m²/g. When scaled up, the process achieved SiO2 with a purity of 95.5%, confirming the feasibility of the methodology for industrial applications. Conclusions: the treatment of rice husk with nitric acid followed by calcination proves to be an effective and scalable approach for producing high-purity amorphous SiO2. This process not only holds potential for industrial applications but also provides a sustainable solution for valorizing agroindustrial waste, contributing to the circular economy.
EFEITOS ADVERSOS DOS AGONISTAS α-2 ADRENÉRGICOS EM OVINOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Debiage Rafael Rostirolla , Alves Daniele Cristina , Fukushima Fabiola Bono , Guirro Erica Cristina Bueno do Prado
Published: November 2024

Apesar dos α-2 agonistas serem utilizados para sedação e analgesia de ruminantes, particularmente em ovinos, alguns efeitos adversos graves podem limitar o uso destes fármacos na espécie. Considerando as particularidades da espécie e a necessidade de analgesia e sedação tanto para procedimentos veterinários como para experimentos em biomedicina, faz-se necessário compreender os diferentes efeitos adversos que esta classe pode gerar em ovinos. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os efeitos adversos dos α-2 agonistas em ovinos, bem como estratégias que podem ser adotadas para uma sedação mais segura. Os principais α-2 agonistas utilizado em ovinos nos estudos científicos foram xilazina, romifidina, detomidina, medetomidina e dexmedetomidina. Foram abordadas alterações cardiovasculares, respiratórias, gastrointestinais, geniturinárias e hematológicas, e seus mecanismos adjacentes foram discutidos. Os principais efeitos adversos desta classe de fármacos em ovinos incluem: 1) Bradicardia com hipertensão transitória (um a cinco minutos), seguida de hipotensão; 2) Redução das trocas gasosas pulmonares; 3) Hipomotilidade de pré-estômagos e acúmulo excessivo de gás no rúmen; 4) Redução do fluxo uterino e contração uterina em períodos estrogênico, além de diurese de baixa densidade; 5) Redução da contagem de plaquetas e redução transitória do hematócrito. O uso de antagonistas α-2 adrenérgicos periféricos e de infusão contínua sem bolus inicial podem minimizar os efeitos adversos. A combinação de opioides pode potencializar o efeito sedativo, reduzindo a dose necessária para sedação e minimizar os efeitos adversos.
O ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL NO IFG ITUMBIARA: CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO E DIAGNOSTICO DO SISTEMA DE ENSINO NA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Silva Gustavo Henrique , Firmino Cleisla Pereira , Silva Tatiana Aparecida Rosa da , Rost Érica
Published: November 2024

O estudo do desenvolvimento educacional no período pandêmico, mediatizado pelo ensino remoto, se faz importante para o entendimento de satisfação dos discentes e levantamento de pontos negativos a serem melhorados. Assim, neste estudo, foi apresentado uma ação realizada pelo Grupo PET Química para analisar a satisfação, projeção futura e entendimento dos alunos sobre a modalidade remota de estudos que estavam utilizando para darem continuidade às suas aulas, durante o período de isolamento social causado pela pandemia do Covid-19. Para tanto, fez-se uso de um formulário, criado no Google Forms, como ferramenta de coleta de dados para a metodologia de estudo de caso. Os resultados apresentados retratam a insatisfação dos estudantes com o espaço no qual desenvolviam suas atividades acadêmicas durante as aulas remotas, seja por conectividade ou autodisciplina perante a necessidade de adaptação da nova rotina. Além disso, evidenciou-se o aumento das desigualdades de ensino entre estudantes de diferentes realidades socioeconômicas. De forma positiva, podemos apontar os avanços quanto ao uso das tecnologias em sala de aula e como as TICs se mostraram importantes meios para a continuidade da educação, mesmo com os desafios encontrados frente à pandemia.
Psicofobia: lidando com transtornos mentais e o estigma no Brasil
Authors: Roma Pedro Fernandes
Published: November 2024

A psicofobia, entendida como o preconceito direcionado a pessoas com transtornos mentais, tem sido abordada por campanhas de conscientização de diversas formas, no entanto, ainda faz parte da realidade de muitos doentes. Por meio desse breve apanhado na literatura, busco elucidar possíveis prejuízos causados pela psicofobia. A partir dos dados expostos, reitero a importância de políticas públicas de conscientização sobre esse tema a fim de desmistificar uma pauta que apesar de estar em crescente discussão, ainda causa grande prejuízo psicossocial.
Textured pattern belts on pictures of the Semeiskie people from Transbaikal
Authors: Platonova Elena Sergeevna , Nikiforova Sargilana Valentinovna
Published: November 2024

An analysis of the regional, cultural and technological observations is proposed in the article with the aim of preserving a unique phenomenon of the textured pattern belts of the Semeiskie people from Transbaikal. The work is based on personal photo archives of residents of the village of Bichura in the Republic of Buryatia and interviews with them. Photographs are used as an auxiliary source to visualize belts in the folk costume complex. An analysis of digital images of photographs from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1980s is presented. Despite the insufficient quality of the photographs by modern standards they represent a valuable source. In terms of statistics on the use of a traditional men's suit (an obvious replacement for the civilian leather belt) age and gender limits for wearing, as well as the preservation of traditional ornamentation. The scientific novelty of the study consists in systematization and generalization of heterogeneous information, which allows to analyze images according to the author's method of describing textured pattern belts. The geometric elements of the pattern, the composition, the principle of constructing the ornament, the approximate number of woven threads. Photographic materials from personal and museum archives have been introduced into scientific circulation. A comparison of the belt ornamentation in the photographs with real samples is made. It is preliminary established that there is no basis for dividing the belts by gender and age. The results are obtained using content analysis, visual analysis, comparative-typological, comparative, biographical methods and the formalization method. The analysis of the content of the images is based on the identification of visual elements that are significant from the point of view of the problem at hand, the frequency of their appearance in the selected collection of images and subsequent analysis of the quantitative results.
Modeling Challenges and Limitation Principles of Reissner’s Mixed Approaches to Laminates
Authors: Demasi Luciano , D’Ottavio Michele
Published: November 2024

Displacement-based formulations for composite structures are directly linked to the functional called the Principle of Virtual Displacements and present the minimum number of independent modeled fields, which are the displacements. However, these models usually provide an inadequate approximation of the transverse stress fields and suffer from pathological numerical problems. These issues have been addressed with the introduction of mixed variational formulations where independent stress fields are included in the definition of the corresponding functionals. Particularly effective and widely used are Reissner’s mixed variational theorem and Hellinger–Reissner Principle. Both Reissner’s mixed variational theorem and Hellinger–Reissner principle allow the a priori enforcing of the interlaminar equilibrium because of the axiomatic modeling of the transverse stresses. However, these functionals are different and present their own challenges. Under certain circumstances, Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem was shown to produce thickness oscillations of the displacements and transverse stresses. It was not clear if Hellinger-Reissner Principle had similar properties. It is shown that both functionals may present numerical oscillations. Moreover, the reconstructed displacement and stress fields are actually identical between Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem and Hellinger-Reissner Principle if the orders of the in-plane stresses of the Hellinger–Reissner Prinicple case are sufficiently large. In other words, a Hellinger–Reissner Principle/Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem Limitation Principle is shown to exist in addition to the well-studied limitation principle between Hellinger–Reissner principle and principle of virtual displacements.
Numerical Investigation and Validation of Noise Sources of a Distributed Propulsion System
Authors: Wickersheim Robin , Keßler Manuel , Sembowski Julia , Bongen Dustin , Pereira Gomes Jorge
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the exploration of a distributed propulsion system consisting of three co-rotating propellers in front of a high-lift wing system, with a primary focus on understanding its acoustic characteristics. Employing high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations, the flow field is simulated in climb condition. Subsequently, acoustic transport to far-field observers is conducted using the Ffowcs–Williams and Hawkings equation. Because the noise mechanisms of such a configuration are not fully understood yet, several permeable and impermeable surfaces as input for the acoustic simulation are used, aiming to separate the various noise source contributions. Results reveal that in addition to the rotor-alone noise from the propellers, noise arising from propeller–wing interaction emerges as dominant, emitting mostly at the blade passing frequency. Moreover, a boundary element method tool is applied to observe the scattering effect of propeller-generated noise by the wing. Furthermore, this study incorporates consideration of structural components in close proximity to the model, thereby achieving a more realistic acoustic field. With this knowledge, the simulation is validated with experimental data from an open wind tunnel test campaign. An overall good agreement is observed between the simulated and experimental results, substantiating the reliability of both aerodynamic and acoustic predictions.
Economic Value of Endangered Languages
Authors: Hamans Camiel , Van der Voort Hein , Oliveira Jr. Miguel , Valdenilson Katia Silene Costa
Published: November 2024

In a world where more than half of the 6,500 languages are under the threat of extinction, this paper challenges the conventional view that language preservation lacks concrete economic benefits. Investigating the intricate relationships between monolingualism, cultural identity, and economic dynamics, it illuminates the diverse values that languages contribute to our global heritage. From communicative and emotional to ecological and scientific perspectives, the paper unveils the interconnectedness of linguistic diversity with biodiversity, influencing conservation efforts and ecological equilibrium. Case studies illustrate the economic implications of language loss in sectors like medicine, where traditional knowledge guides pharmaceutical development. Beyond direct monetary considerations, the exploration underscores the unexpected role of language in business, influencing international trade, collaboration, and workplace dynamics. Advocating for the economic value of investing in language resources, the article urges decision-makers to recognize the economic dimensions of endangered languages. The conclusion calls for a shift in perspective, positioning languages not merely as cultural assets but as vital economic factors. It encourages the integration of language preservation into national and international policies to safeguard global linguistic diversity.
O conhecimento sobre a conduta do enfermeiro obstétrico na resolução de partos com distocia de ombro
Authors: Sousa Adriane Cardoso Silva de , Ferreira Elisângela da Silva , Rabelo Paula Kaline Torres , Moura Mariana Pinheiro , Camacho Elyade Nelly Pires Rocha , Nascimento Felipe Souza , Araújo Elizabeth Pinheiro , Dias Alessandra de Cassia Lobato
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento do enfermeiro obstétrico na resolução do parto com distocia de ombro. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, prospectivo e de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa os enfermeiros obstétricos que atuam como preceptores do Programa de Residência em Enfermagem Obstétrica da Universidade Federal do Pará, por meio de entrevistas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: Os enfermeiros identificam a distocia a partir do “sinal de tartaruga” associado ao tempo, sendo o mnemônico ALLERTA o mais citado sobre os passos realizados na resolução da distocia de ombro, contudo, ao descrever suas etapas, os profissionais demonstram que adaptam ou referem os passos de outro mnemônico, evidenciando certa confusão, não utilizando o mnemônico adequado para a posição da mulher ou utilizando a sequência incorreta. Há necessidade de atualizações e capacitações devido relatos de falta de preparo emocional da equipe e as experiências na utilização dos mnemônicos, em especial nas manobras internas. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros obstétricos possuem conhecimento sobre como conduzir um parto com distocia de ombro, porém, ainda há um déficit em atualizações e dificuldades em relação aos manejos propostos por mnemônicos, principalmente nas manobras internas e em parturientes em posições não supinas.
Tramadol use for chronic pain management: A thorough analysis of safety, effectiveness, and clinical recommendations
Authors: Khan Tahir Bashir , Singh Anmoldeep , Rani Dimpal
Published: November 2024

Chronic pain, especially arthritis-related pain, represents a significant medical challenge worldwide. Tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic, has emerged as a valuable treatment option for managing chronic arthritis pain. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of tramadol’s role in chronic pain management, emphasizing its safety, effectiveness, and clinical guidelines. Literature indicates that tramadol, whether used alone or in combination therapies, effectively treats various types of arthritis-related pain, such as musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. While some clinical guidelines recommend tramadol as a first-line option for persistent knee or hip osteoarthritis, others urge caution due to concerns over potential abuse and negative effects. Tramadol’s mechanism of action involves, among other things, stimulation of opioid receptors and inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, contributing to its analgesic effects while attempting to minimize the side effects associated with traditional opioids. However, tramadol is not without side effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, and withdrawal symptoms if it is suddenly discontinued. Despite these challenges, tramadol remains a valuable component in managing chronic pain, especially in patients with concurrent conditions and comorbidities. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal use of tramadol and to establish its risk-benefit profile across diverse patient populations.
Progesterone supplemented uterine epithelial cell co-culture improves in vitro quality embryo production in buffalo
Authors: Pandey Sriti , Bharti Mukesh Kumar , Bhat Irfan Ahmad , Chandra Vikash , Taru Sharma G.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

The present study was conducted to study the effect of progesterone and uterine luminal epithelial cells monolayer on blastocyst development and hatching rate.

Material and Methods:

The isolation, culture, and characterization of slaughterhouse-derived uterine epithelial cells were done using standard protocol. The steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone were supplemented in embryo developmental media (EDM), and day 04 embryos were cultured in different groups as progesterone supplementation (T1), co-cultured with epithelial cell monolayer (T2), co-cultured with progesterone supplemented epithelial cell monolayer (T3), or without any treatment (control). Finally, the effect of different treatments was analyzed in terms of blastocyst and hatching rate.

Results:

The isolated epithelial cells depicted compact cuboidal or columnar morphology at the confluence. Immunocytochemical localization and polymerase chain reaction study revealed positive expression of cytokeratin and absence of vimentin. Significantly higher blastocyst and hatching rates were noted in the T3 group, followed by T2, T1, and control groups.

Conclusion:

The present study revealed improved in vitro embryo production after co-culturing embryos with progesterone-supplemented uterine epithelial cells in buffalo.
IL-6 and procalcitonin levels in hemodialysis patients with fungal infection
Authors: Hussein Mustafa Ihsan , Mohammed Bari Lateef , Abbas Sahlah Khoursheed
Published: November 2024

Patients with end-stage renal failure suffer from a defect in the immune system and a weakening of cellular and humoral immune defenses and thus an increase in the incidence of fungal infections. The aim of study is to isolate and to identify fungi from urine samples of patients with kidney failure. A study of relationship between fungal infection and the changes occurring in some immune parameters including Interleukin-6, Procalcitonin, high sensitivity-CRP in hemodialysis patients with and without fungi and the control group was made. This study was conducted on 190 samples of renal failure patients undergoing dialysis in the hemodialysis unit at Kirkuk Teaching Hospital during the period from November 2022 to the end of March 2023. Statistical analysis for immunological parameters was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of laboratory culture showed the isolation of 58 fungal isolates, with a rate of 79.6% for yeasts and 20.4% for molds. Among the diagnosed yeasts, five types of yeasts belonging to the Candida genus showed different colors when cultivated on the differential medium Chrom Candida Agar (CCA) included Candida tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. albicans. Immunological parameters of IL-6, PCT and hs-CRP showed higher levels in patients compared to the control group. The results also recorded an increase in the serum level of IL-6 in those with yeasts than in those with mold. Furthermore, there was also a level of PCT and hs-CRP in mortality compared to survivors patients. The study showed prevalence of fungal infections among patients of renal failure and identification species of fungi . Study of the signification differences in immunological parameters, such as IL-6 and procalcitonin, provide valuable insights into the associations between fungal infections and immune responses in patients.
IL-17F gene polymorphism in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Ameen Nada Yas , Utba Nawal Mohammed , Abed Mohammed Qais
Published: November 2024

This study was investigated tuberculosis (TB) patients in an Iraqi population to look at the association between TB development and polymorphisms in the interleukin-17F gene. From January 2017 to April 2017, the study's population included 40 controls and 80 patients with tuberculosis. The IL-17F serum level was assayed using the ELISA technique. Genotyping analyses of IL-17F rs763780 gene were analysed using QRT-PCR for polymorphism. Males outnumbered females (58% vs. 42%) in TB cases. Serum levels of the IL-17F old cases (OC) group have decreased significantly (85.2±109.2pg/ml vs. 194.5±160.0pg/ml), than recently diagnosed (RD) group. The distribution of IL-17F rs76380 genotype was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in OC group and control. The result showed that T allele was more frequent (93.75%, 92.5%, 95% vs. 6.25%, 7.5%, 5% respectively), insignificantly (P>0.05) than C allele in all groups. In addition, TT genotype was more frequent (90%) insignificantly (P>0.05), than genotype TC (7.5%, 5%, 10%) and CC (2.5%, 5%, 0%) among groups of the study. There were insignificant associations between the IL-17F rs763780 gene polymorphism and risk of tuberculosis.
Molecular detection of bacteria causing diarrhea in human
Authors: Sagheer Zainab Makki , Jasim Haneen Fadhil , Abdulilah Hanan Abdul Qader , Hasan Raad Naji , Najim Thaar Mohammed , Saleh Eman Naji
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to detect bacteria causing diarrhea in human by molecular method. During 2021 and 2022, around 150 patients (both sexes) with chronic diarrhoea or similar symptoms were registered at a private clinic. After collecting all of the necessary patient data, a sterile cotton swab was used to collect faecal samples, which were then put in a peptone water broth and sent off to the lab within an hour, then cultured on different media. Multiple biochemical assays and serotyping led to positive identifications of the bacterial isolates. The molecular study includes three primers uidA, invA, 16s rRNA. The current study showed that female 55% was highly infected than male 45% and the total percentage of infection was 40%. The present study exhibited that the age group of 1-5 years had higher infectivity than other age groups. In comparison to other bacteria, this research found that E. coli was the most common cause of diarrhoea in patients.
Molecular detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from children with urinary tract infections
Authors: Altaee Zainab Agab , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Ashoor Estbrak Yahya , Hasan Raad N.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research was to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa from pediatric UTI samples using molecular methods. Bacteria were isolated and identified using a primary medium. Children from all around Baghdad city who were hospitalized at a private clinic between 2019 to 2022 and showed symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI) such as fever and vomiting, had their urine sampled. There were 132 samples of children's urine collected from kids who had UTIs. The VITEK-2 system was completed on pure bacterial isolates. DNA of these bacteria was done and two primers were used in this study for the detection of P. aeruginosa. The present study showed that the rate of infection by P. aeruginosa was 7.6%, the total Gram-positive bacteria were 22.7% and the total Gram-negative bacteria were 77.3%. It was shown that females had a greater rate of UTI (55.3% vs. 44.7%) than males. In conclusion, because of its prevalence and severity in community-acquired UTIs in children and its unique risk factors and outcomes, P. aeruginosa should be suspected in any child who has recently received or is now receiving antibiotic treatment.
The relationship between both biomarkers miR-21 and CA15-3 values and the clinic-pathological features of breast cancer Iraqi patients
Authors: Abbas Ruwaidah A.R. , Hamad Laheeb R. , Aziz Ismail H. , Abbas Rounaq
Published: November 2024

One of the most deadly diseases that affect women globally is breast cancer. A variety of factors contribute to the onset and spread of the disease. Major of them involve changes in the expression of certain genes, growing evidence suggesting that (microRNAs) can control expression of certain genes and can act as recent technique for predicting and diagnosing BC patients. The objective of study is the correlations of both tumor markers with clinic pathological features of BC patients by circulating serum marker miRNA-21 expression measured by using the quantitative real time-PCR technique in 50 patients at various ages, stages, grades, histological types and molecular subtypes of BC patients. In the meantime, electro-chemo luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) techniques is used to quantify the levels of CA 15-3. The results show higher statically significant association with miRNA-21 level than only low statically significant related to CA15-3 biomarker levels consistently with BC disease progression higher at advanced stage (IV), higher grade (III) at tumor type (IDC) and luminal A subgroups.
The Effects of PON1 (Q192R, rs662) Gene Polymorphism, Heavy metals and Oxidative Stress on Risk of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion in Samples of Iraqi Women
Authors: Hussein Zainab T. , Abdulhassan Ismail A.
Published: November 2024

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the occurrence of two or more spontaneous pregnancy losses before reaching the midpoint of gestation. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RSA, serving as a key factor in its underlying causes. This research aims to investigate the connection between the Q192R polymorphisms identified in the PON1 gene, responsible for encoding an antioxidant enzyme and the vulnerability to RSA. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a critical enzyme in the body's antioxidant defence system, safeguarding cells against damage caused by reactive oxygen species and heavy metal concentrations that affect pregnancy. The most prevalent PON1 polymorphism is Q192R (rs662), known to influence the antioxidant activity and power of the PON1 enzyme. In this research, blood samples were collected from two groups: 50 women with RSA and 50 women who were apparently in good health. Following DNA extraction, high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used to identify the studied SNP; Elisa was used to determine DNA damage and MDA concentrations in serum and heavy metals were determined by a Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GFAAS). The results of this study showed significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG, MDA, arsenic and lead in serum in RSA patients than in apparently healthy women. The genotype findings indicated that the prevalence of the QR (AG) genotype in women experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion was notably greater than that in seemingly healthy women (74% compared to 16%, respectively, with an odds ratio of 27.2). The values of allele frequency for the A allele were 0.76 and 0.51 for apparently healthy women and women with recurrent spontaneous abortion respectively. The G allele frequency was 0.24 and 0.49 for apparently healthy women and women with recurrent spontaneous abortion respectively. The heterozygous QR genotype is related to the risk of RSA and the minor allele (G allele) is increased in women with RSA.
Measurement of gene expression of FAS and FASL genes and thyroid hormones in patients with thyroid dysfunction in Anbar Governorate
Authors: Jassim Ahed Hamid , Khudhair Nagam
Published: November 2024

Thyroid hormones are known for their ability to control metabolism, growth and many other body functions. The aim of the study was to measure the gene expression of fas and fasl genes and thyroid hormones in patients with thyroiditis. Samples were collected from Ramadi Teaching Hospital and their ages ranged between 18-75 RNA was extracted from serum to measure gene expression using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results of gene expression between FAS and FASL genes showed statistically significant differences at a probability level (P ≤ 0.05) with a decrease in FAS gene expression level by 0.350 in the patient group and an increase in FAS gene expression level by 28.07 in the patient group. while the results of hormone analysis showed statistically significant differences at the probability level (P ≤ 0.05). The results also showed that there were significant differences between the ages of patients compared to healthy people at a probability level, with high TSH and low T4, T3 in the serum of hypothyroid patients and high T4,T3 and low TSH in the serum of hyperthyroid patients, as well as significant differences between the ages of patients compared to healthy people (P ≤ 0.05). The increase in FASL gene expression in thyroid patients coincided with a decrease in FAS gene expression in thyroid patients and the study showed that FAS and FASL gene expression levels are closely correlated with thyroid hormones.
Efficiency of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2549 Insertion/Deletion variation and VEGF level to predict Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Cases
Authors: Al‐Jboori Methaq J. , Hasan Raad N.
Published: November 2024

The current work was suggested to study Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level and VEGF -2549 Insertion/Deletion (I/D) to predict retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus type 2 cases. Three groups were used to implement the study aim: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM) with and without retinopathy and healthy individuals. Glycemic parameters, VEGF level and VEGF -2549 (I/D) were involved in the present study. The findings demonstrated that there were significant differences between DM cases and control in all glycemic biomarkers. The VEGF level (p<0.001) in DM with retinopathy significant elevation was shown VEGF level (p=0.047) and non-sig changes were observed in other parameters. The VEGF -2549 (I/D) showed non-significant association (p=0.245) of allele (I, D) in study groups while significant association (p=4.44e-04) was observed in DM with and without retinopathy. The genotypes of VEGF -2549 (I/D) showed low frequents of heterozygote (I/D) in case-control groups and slight changes in (D/D) and (I/I) (P=0.603). significant association of (I/I) with DM with retinopathy was observed while D/D was associated with DM without retinopathy group (P= 0.034). The effect of VEGF -2549 (I/D) in study biomarkers showed non-sig changes in case and control groups in all parameters (beta =-1.421, p= 0.999), while in DM with and without retinopathy, biomarkers showed non-sig differences association by regression test (beta =0.865, p=0.999). From the present results, it can be proposed that VEGF level was elevated in DM with retinopathy, VEGF -2549 (I/D) was significantly associated with DM with retinopathy and may be used to predict retinopathy in DM.
The high variable region II variation in Depression Disorders Patients: A Molecular Pilot Study
Authors: Muhammed Haidar J.
Published: November 2024

A depressive disorder (DD) is the most common health problems affecting on quality of life. The current study suggested to detect molecular variation in HVII of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that can be a genetic marker. A pilot molecular study was suggested to detect molecular variations in HVII of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that can be a genetic marker using PCR-sequencing. The results showed that females were more than males, the DD was higher in lower academic achievements and 95% cases have a family history of DD. The mutation percentage was low in DD and control group 1.158 and 1.29% respectively in non-significant changes (p 0.87), Significant differences (p 0.05) were observed in mutation types, substitution mutation was higher in DD (78.78%). Deletion mutation was higher in control group (47.05%). The mutation types included C>G, T>C, T>G, G>A, A>C, A>G, C>T, C>A, insertion C and deletion mutation in significant differences (p 0.05), C>G was higher in DD (26.92%) than control, T>C was higher in control than DD group. G>A, A>G and T>G were not observe in control and A>C was not observed in DD group. The present study concluded that the variant in HV II did not associate with depression in the current study, but the substitution mutation was significantly related to depression in these low variation that recorded in DD patients.
Mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr encoding genes mutations landscape in colorectal cancer patient
Authors: Alnasrawy Hala Jumma , Al-Terehi Mona N. , Mahdi Liwaa Hussein
Published: November 2024

The colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the significant diseases implicated in high mortality rates in the world. Multi factors contributed in the cancer development and progression like tRNA encoding genes which have been linked with colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to report Mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr encoding genes mutations landscape in colorectal cancer patients. A case control design depended on using PCR-sequencing of mtDNA region consisting of three tRNA genes. Data analysis was implemented using multiple alignment seq, tRNA secondary structure construction and phylogenic tree construction. The results showed that one case (female) was 25 years old and cancer stage T3N1MX has shown 6 mutations in tRNAAsn and 3 mutations in both tRNACys and tRNATyr while other samples did not show variations in the patients and control groups. The secondary structure of varied tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr in this case might have been affected. The phylogenetic tree showed the conservative sequence of all CRC patients except the case that has a single cluster. The present finding concluded that there was non-association between tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr encoding genes in mtDNA with colorectal cancer. One patient has mutations in tRNAs that may be affected in tRNA secondary structure and may be contributed for cancer progression.
Thrombophiliák, avagy a baj nem jár egyedül
Authors: Söjtöry Márk , Klenk Nóra , Sebő Nóra , Nagy Gergely György
Published: November 2024

Egyre több a fiatal korban felismert vénás tromboembólia, amelynek hátterében nemcsak a COVID-19-pandémia etiológiai szerepe merül fel, hanem a ritkábban előforduló thrombophiliák is, illetve bizonyos betegségek esetén területi halmozódás is felismerhető. Esettanulmányunkban egy 28 éves férfi beteget mutatunk be, akinél az immobilizáció mellett kialakult masszív tüdőembólia és mélyvénás trombózis hátterében két tényező, a 2-es típusú antitrombin III deficiencia, illetve antifoszfolipid-szindróma is igazolódott. A felvételkor észlelt családi halmozódó tromboembólia, illetve a Na-heparin dózisának emelése ellenére nem terápiás APTI (aktivált parciális tromboplasztinidő) kapcsán merült fel az antitrombin III deficiencia lehetősége, amelyet laborvizsgálat is igazolt. Az AT III faktor (Kybernin®) pótlás ellenére sem sikerült elérni megfelelő terápiás hatást, ezért NOAC-ra váltottunk. Az időközben elküldött laborvizsgálatok felvetették antifoszfolipid-szindróma lehetőségét, amelyet kontrollvizsgálatok igazoltak. Ennek kapcsán ismét terápiamódosításra kényszerültünk, a NOAC-ot K-vitamin-antagonistára váltottuk le. Esetünkből következtetésnek levonható, hogy fiatal betegeknél, akiknél családi halmozódás is észlelhető, még az akut helyzetben is érdemes gondolni a thrombophilia ritkább okaira, amelyek alapjaiban változtathatják meg az antikoagulálás módját. Megalapozott klinikai gyanú esetén nem elegendő a releváns szűrővizsgálatok halasztott elvégzése.
On the mechanism of electron-beam-induced structural degradation in ZIF-8 and its electron dose tolerance
Authors: Banerjee Pritam , L. Kollmannsberger Kathrin , A. Fischer Roland , Jinschek Joerg
Published: November 2024

Zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are crystalline microporous materials with promising potential for gas adsorption and catalysis application. Further research advances include studies on integrating ZIFs into nanodevice concepts. In detail for the application, e.g., electron-beam-assisted structural modifications or patterning, there is a need to understand potential structural degradation processes caused by such electron beams. Advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has demonstrated its ability to study structures at the nanoscale. Here, we systematically investigated electron-beam-induced loss in crystallinity in ZIF-8 under various experimental conditions, using as measure the attenuation of the relative intensity and the relative displacement of electron diffraction Bragg planes with increasing cumulative electron dose. The {110} Bragg planes reflect the overall stability of the ZIF-8 unit-cell structure, while the {431} Bragg planes assess the stability of its micropore structure. We considered a relative loss of Bragg plane intensity of 37% as the threshold for determining the critical electron dose, which varied for different Bragg planes, with 35.6 ± 8.4 e-Å-2 for {110} and 11.4 ± 3.0 e-Å-2 for {431}. However, the critical dose per breakage of N-Zn bonds in a ZnN4 tetrahedra per different Bragg plane was found to be ~ 3 e-Å-2, which indicates continuous, simultaneous breakage of N-Zn bonds throughout the crystal, confirming radiolysis as the dominant damage mechanism. In addition, we investigated the effects of TEM experiment parameters, including acceleration voltage, electron dose rate, cryogenic sample temperature, in-situ sample drying, and change in conductivity of the sample substrate (e.g., graphene). Our results unravel the degradation mechanisms in ZIF-8 and provide threshold parameters for maximizing resolution in electron-beam-assisted experiments and processes.
Workflows for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Behler Jörg , Csányi Gábor , Foppa Lucas , Kang Kisung , F. Langer Marcel , T. Margraf Johannes , S. Nair Akhil , A. R. Purcell Thomas , Rinke Patrick , Scheffler Matthias , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Todorović Milica , T. Unke Oliver , Yao Yi
Published: November 2024

The efficiency and reliability of artificial-intelligence (AI)-driven physics, chemistry, biophysics, materials science and engineering depends on the acquisition of sufficient, high-quality data. Due to its all-electron, full potential treatment, and its scalability to larger systems without precision limitations, FHI-aims provides accurate ab initio data from a wide range of computer simulations, such as electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics. To leverage the capabilities of AI models, workflows that seamlessly integrate AI tools with FHI-aims are essential. These workflows automate the acquisition of data and their use by AI. Thus, they facilitate the iterative data exchange between AI models and simulations, allowing FHI-aims to be used as a powerful AI-guided calculation engine. Also, interpretable AI models aid in analyzing the generated data. Furthermore, AI complements ab initio studies as it enables to perform simulations at larger time and length scales. In turn, also the AI models must incorporate the physics required for an accurate representation of the ab initio data. This contribution highlights workflows developed to integrate FHI-aims with AI and future challenges.
Sulfonated Benzo[c]cinnolines for Alkaline Redox-Flow Batteries
Authors: Singh Siddhant , Tami Jessica , Gruich Cameron , Nguyen Bichlien , Smith Jake , Goldsmith Bryan , McNeil Anne , Kwabi David
Published: November 2024

Aqueous organic redox-flow batteries (RFBs) are promising for grid-scale energy storage, but developing stable, low-cost electrolytes remains challenging. Herein, azobenzenes were investigated as negative electrolytes because of their low molecular weight and commercial availability. The electrochemical properties and cycling performance of methyl red, an azobenzene dye, were evaluated under alkaline conditions. Analyzing the decomposition products revealed degradation through a hydrazo bond cleavage. To attenuate degradation, a more structurally rigid cis-azobenzene with connected aromatic rings, known as benzo[c]cinnoline (BC), was tested. The sulfonation of BC enabled a higher aqueous solubility, with the di-sulfonated product (ds-BC) exhibiting a reduction potential of (−0.84 V vs Ag/AgCl). In full cells, ds-BC was paired with ferrocyanide-ferricyanide, producing a 1.11 V battery with a capacity fade of 0.77%/day. Density functional theory calculations also predict that reduced BCs exhibit greater thermodynamic stability than azobenzenes. This work introduces benzo[c]cinnoline as a promising molecular scaffold for RFBs.