bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel similarity measures under complex pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices and their application in decision making problems
Authors: Zeeshan Muhammad , Khan Madad , Shafqat Ramsha , Althobaiti Ali , Althobaiti Saad , Bedada Tola Bekene
Published: July 2024

Complex fuzzy soft matrices play a crucial role in various applications, including decision-making, pattern recognition, signals processing, and image processing. The main objective of this study is to introduce the unique notions of complex Pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices (CPFSMs), which provide more flexibility and accuracy in modelling uncertainty. CPFSMs incorporate Pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices, allowing for more sophisticated uncertainty modeling. The key findings of CPFSMs, specific instances, and certain fundamental set-theoretic operations and principles were covered. A set of new distance metrics between two CPFSMs has been defined. In the context of complex Pythagorean fuzzy soft sets and complex Pythagorean fuzzy soft matrices, we created a CPFS decision-making technique. Moreover, the application’s numerical example and comparison analysis have been effectively demonstrated. Thus, by integrating the concepts of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, soft matrices, and complex numbers, CPFSMs provide a robust framework with membership and non-membership degrees for complex decision-making modeling and analyzing uncertain data.
I-motif sensor for the fluorometric detection of Monkeypox
Authors: Asa Tasnima Alam , Seo Young Jun
Published: July 2024

We developed a new method of Mpox detection by multiplex-LAMP mediated i-motif-TO fluorometric assay. This assay will be able to detect any diseases linked to DNA viruses.
Divergent and chemoselective deuteration of N-unsubstituted imidazoles enabled by precise acid/base control
Authors: Kaga Atsushi , Saito Hayate , Yamano Mitsuhisa
Published: July 2024

Herein, we report acid/base-controlled and divergent deuteration of N-unsubstituted imidazoles in an imidazole-selective manner.
High-efficiency organic solar cells from low-cost pentacyclic fused-ring electron acceptors via crystal engineering
Authors: Wei Wenkui , Yuan Xiyue , Zhong Jianbin , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhou Xia , Zhao Feixiang , Feng Dinglong , Zhang Yue , Chen Weidi , Yang Mingqun , Zhang Wei , Ma Zaifei , Tang Zheng , Lu Xinhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong , Duan Chunhui
Published: July 2024

Three-dimensional network packing is realized in A–DA′D–A-type pentacyclic fused-ring electron acceptors for the first time, and an outstanding PCE of 17.16% was achieved for low-cost pentacyclic electron acceptors.
A concise protocol for the synthesis of 2-alkenylindoles through [4 + 1] annulation of aminobenzyl phosphonium salts with acrylaldehydes
Authors: Yang Jia-Cheng , Liao Mao-Lin , Li Ping-Gui , Zou Liang-Hua
Published: July 2024

A concise and efficient protocol for the synthesis of various 2-alkenylindole derivatives is developed through [4 + 1] annulation starting from aminobenzyl phosphonium salts and cinnamaldehydes.
Exploring electrochemically prepared carbon dot post-treatments with amphiphilic and nonamphiphilic surfactants
Authors: Sobota Michal , Ahmadi Soha , Lotay Navina , Thompson Michael , Weis Martin
Published: July 2024

Filtration significantly impacts the surface states of carbon dots (CDs).
BF3·OEt2-mediated transamidation of unprotected primary amides under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Gui Qing-Wen , Ying Shengneng , Liu Xin , Wang Jianfang , Xiao Xuliang , Liu Zhuoliang , Wang Xia , Shang Yanxue , Li Qiang
Published: July 2024

Here, we developed a novel Lewis acid BF3·OEt2-promoted transamidation method. In this work, both primary and secondary amines can undergo transamidation, and achieve excellent chemoselectivity and atom economy.
Lipid/polyelectrolyte complexes – effects of the polyelectrolyte architecture on the self-assembled structures
Authors: Simon Miriam , Matthews Lauren , Talmon Yeshayahu
Published: July 2024

The influence of system parameters on the morphology of lipid–polyelectrolyte-complexes was studied by cryo-transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering.
Coflowing aqueous and oil-based ferrofluid streams exposed to a magnetic field
Authors: Jain S. K. , Sen A. K.
Published: July 2024

We study the transition of a coflow system comprising an aqueous phase in coflow with an oil-based ferrofluid from a stable coflow regime and droplet breakup regime.
Exploring Communication Needs and Challenges in the Intensive Care Unit: A Survey Study From Providers' and Patients' Perspectives
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Schommer Lana , Tarver Micheal , LaValley Mimi , Lemieux Nina , Mery Marissa , Koul Rajinder
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Effective communication between nonspeaking patients and providers is critical for the quality of care in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aims to evaluate perspectives of health care providers and nonspeaking patients on effective communication and communication barriers in the ICU.

Method:

Qualitative and quantitative survey methodologies were employed to evaluate providers' and patients' perspectives on effective communication. Rating scales were utilized to measure patients' frustration levels and communication effectiveness. Open-ended questions were employed to reflect on barriers to communication in the ICU, instances of ineffective communication, and recommendations for enhancing effective communication.

Results:

The results of the study suggest that nonspeaking patients experienced high levels of frustration due to ineffective communication. However, the data reveal that access to appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies and materials could help mitigate patients' frustration. Providers mainly communicated via asking yes/no questions, which largely limited the information patients conveyed, leading to frequent communication breakdowns. Providers expressed a desire to participate in training programs to utilize appropriate AAC strategies and promote effective communication.

Conclusions:

This study provides preliminary survey results on perspectives of patients and providers on effective communication in the ICU. Both providers and patients reported experiencing challenges and frustration during their communication, due to barriers such as providers' insufficient training experience and lack of access to AAC materials. Skill training is warranted to promote effective patient–provider communication in intensive care settings.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26339623
Resolving double-peaked emission line galaxies using MaNGA
Authors: Mazzilli Ciraulo Barbara , Melchior Anne-Laure , Combes Françoise , Maschmann Daniel
Published: July 2024

Understanding the relationship between quenching mechanisms that transform star-forming galaxies into quiescent ones and galaxy properties remains a challenge. We investigate the gas and stellar properties of 69 double-peaked galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and observed as part of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey to elucidate the mechanisms driving star formation quenching within these systems. We study their star formation activity along with their physical properties: colour, morphology, environment, stellar age, and gas ionisation diagnostics. We find that these 69 double-peaked MaNGA galaxies encompass a higher fraction of galaxies in the green valley, based on the corrected NUV − r colour, compared to our defined control samples of single-peaked emission line galaxies. This green colour traces intermediate stellar populations compared to blue and red galaxies, as indicated by the Dn(4000) index. These green galaxies show no recent star formation bursts within the last 2 Gyr. They exhibit emission line ratios that are suggestive of both ongoing star formation and nuclear activity. They are predominantly located in isolated or small group environments, indicating that internal processes rather than external factors drive their quenching. Moreover, optical emission lines detected throughout a significant area of these systems suggest that gas depletion is unlikely to be the primary quenching mechanism. These findings support a scenario where quenching is instead caused by reduced star formation efficiency.
Two-dimensional simulations of disks in close binaries
Authors: Jordan L. M. , Wehner D. , Kuiper R.
Published: July 2024

Context. Previous simulations of cataclysmic variables studied either the quiescence, or the outburst state in multiple dimensions or they simulated complete outburst cycles in one dimension using simplified models for the gravitational torques.

Aims. We self-consistently simulate complete outburst cycles of normal and superoutbursts in cataclysmic variable systems in two dimensions. We study the effect of different α viscosity parameters, mass transfer rates, and binary mass ratios on the disk luminosities, outburst occurrence rates, and superhumps.

Methods. We simulate non-isothermal, viscous accretion disks in cataclysmic variable systems using a modified version of the FARGO code with an updated equation of state and a cooling function designed to reproduce s-curve behavior.

Results. Our simulations can model complete outburst cycles using the thermal tidal instability model. We find higher superhump amplitudes and stronger gravitational torques than previous studies, resulting in better agreement with observations.
SUPER
Authors: Tozzi G. , Cresci G. , Perna M. , Mainieri V. , Mannucci F. , Marconi A. , Kakkad D. , Marasco A. , Brusa M. , Bertola E. , Bischetti M. , Carniani S. , Cicone C. , Circosta C. , Fiore F. , Feruglio C. , Harrison C. M. , Lamperti I. , Netzer H. , Piconcelli E. , Puglisi A. , Scholtz J. , Vietri G. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G.
Published: July 2024

We present spatially resolved VLT/SINFONI spectroscopy with adaptive optics of type-2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the SINFONI Survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback (SUPER), which targeted X-ray bright (L2 − 10 keV ≳ 1042 erg s−1) AGN at cosmic noon (z ∼ 2). Our analysis of the rest-frame optical spectra unveils ionised outflows in all seven examined targets, as traced via [O III]λ5007 line emission, moving at v ≳ 600 km s−1. These outflows are clearly spatially resolved in six objects and extend on 2–4 kpc scales, but they are marginally resolved in the remaining one object. Interestingly, these SUPER type-2 AGN are all heavily obscured sources (NH ≳ 1023 cm−2) and host faster ionised outflows than their type-1 counterparts within the same range of bolometric luminosity (Lbol ∼ 1044.8 − 46.5 erg s−1). SUPER has hence provided observational evidence that the dichotomy of type-1 to type-2 at z ∼ 2 might not be driven simply by projection effects, but might reflect two distinct obscuring life stages of active galaxies, as predicted by evolutionary models. Within this picture, SUPER type-2 AGN might be undergoing the blow-out phase, where the large amount of obscuring material efficiently accelerates large-scale outflows via radiation pressure on dust, eventually unveiling the central active nucleus and signaling the start of the bright, unobscured type-1 AGN phase. Moreover, the velocities of the overall population of ionised outflows detected in SUPER are comparable with the escape speed of their dark matter haloes, and they are in general high enough to reach distances of 30–50 kpc from the centre. These outflows are hence likely to sweep away the gas (at least) out of the baryonic disk and/or to heat the host gas reservoir, thus reducing and possibly quenching star formation.
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity
Authors: Bernini-Peron M. , Sander A. A. C. , Ramachandran V. , Oskinova L. M. , Vink J. S. , Verhamme O. , Najarro F. , Josiek J. , Brands S. A. , Crowther P. A. , Gómez-González V. M. A. , Gormaz-Matamala A. C. , Hawcroft C. , Kuiper R. , Mahy L. , Marcolino W. L. F. , Martins L. P. , Mehner A. , Parsons T. N. , Pauli D. , Shenar T. , Schootemeijer A. , Todt H. , van Loon J. Th. ,   the XShootU Collaboration
Published: July 2024

Context. With the aim of understanding massive stars and their feedback in the early epochs of our Universe, the ULLYSES and XShootU collaborations collected the biggest homogeneous dataset of high-quality hot star spectra at low metallicity. Within the rich “zoo” of massive star stellar types, B supergiants (BSGs) represent an important connection between the main sequence and more extreme evolutionary stages. Additionally, lying toward the cool end of the hot star regime, determining their wind properties is crucial to gauging our expectations on the evolution and feedback of massive stars as, for instance, they are implicated in the bi-stability jump phenomenon.

Aims. Here, we undertake a detailed analysis of a representative sample of 18 Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) BSGs within the ULLYSES dataset. Our UV and optical analysis samples early- and late-type BSGs (from B0 to B8), covering the bi-stability jump region. Our aim is to evaluate their evolutionary status and verify what their wind properties say about the bi-stability jump at a low-metallicity environment.

Methods. We used the stellar atmosphere code CMFGEN to model the UV and optical spectra of the sample BSGs as well as photometry in different bands. The optical range encodes photospheric properties, while the wind information resides mostly in the UV. Further, we compare our results with different evolutionary models, with previous determinations in the literature of OB stars, and with diverging mass-loss prescriptions at the bi-stability jump. Additionally, for the first time we provide BSG models in the SMC including X-rays.

Results. Our analysis yielded the following main results: (i) From a single-stellar evolution perspective, the evolutionary status of early BSGs appear less clear than late BSGs, which are agree reasonably well with H-shell burning models. (ii) Ultraviolet analysis shows evidence that the BSGs contain X-rays in their atmospheres, for which we provide constraints. In general, higher X-ray luminosity (close to the standard log(LX/L) ~ −7) is favored for early BSGs, despite associated degeneracies. For later-type BSGs, lower values are preferred, log(LX/L) ~ −8.5. (iii) The obtained mass-loss rates suggest neither a jump nor an unperturbed monotonic decrease with temperature. Instead, a rather constant trend appears to happen, which is at odds with the increase found for Galactic BSGs. (iv) The wind velocity behavior with temperature shows a sharp drop at ~19 kK, very similar to the bi-stability jump observed for Galactic stars.
Kinematic constraints on the ages and kick velocities of Galactic neutron star binaries
Authors: Disberg P. , Gaspari N. , Levan A. J.
Published: July 2024

Context. The systems creating binary neutron stars (BNSs) experience systemic kicks when one of the components goes supernova. The combined magnitude of these kicks is still a topic of debate and has implications for the eventual location of the transient resulting from the merger of the binary. For example, the offsets of short-duration gamma-ray bursts resulting from BNS mergers depend on BNS kicks.

Aims. We investigated Galactic BNSs and traced their motion through the Galaxy. This enabled us to estimate their kinematic ages and construct a BNS kick distribution based on their Galactic trajectories.

Methods. We used the pulsar periods and their derivatives to estimate the characteristic spin-down ages of the binaries. Moreover, we used a Monte Carlo estimation of their present-day velocity vector in order to trace back their trajectory and estimate their kinematic ages. These trajectories, in turn, were used to determine the eccentricity of their Galactic orbit. Based on simulations of kicked objects in the Galactic potential, we investigated the relationship between this eccentricity and the kick velocity in order to constrain the kicks imparted to the binaries at birth.

Results. We find that the Galactic BNSs are likely older than ~40 Myr, which means their current (scalar) galactocentric speeds are not representative of their initial kicks. However, we find a close relationship between the eccentricity of a Galactic trajectory and the experienced kick. Using this relation, we constrained the kicks of the Galactic BNSs, depending on the kind of isotropy assumed in estimating their velocity vectors. These kick velocities are well described by a log-normal distribution peaking around ~40–50 km/s and coincide with the peculiar velocities of the binaries at their last disc crossing.

Conclusions. We conclude that BNSs receive kicks following a distribution that peaks at kick velocities lower than found in isolated pulsars. However, we find no tension between this distribution and literature on short-duration gamma-ray burst offsets.
Low-velocity streams inside the planetary nebula H2-18
Authors: Gesicki K. , Zijlstra A. , Hajduk M. , Iwanowska A. , Grzesiak K. , Lisiecki K. , Lipinski J.
Published: July 2024

Aims. Numerous planetary nebulae show complicated inner structures that are not obvious to explain. For one such object, we undertook a detailed 3D photoionisation and kinematical model analysis to gain a better understanding of the underlying shaping processes.

Methods. We obtained 2D ARGUS/IFU spectroscopy covering the whole nebula in selected representative emission lines. We used 3D photoionisation modelling to compute images and line profiles, and a comparison of the observations with the models was performed to fine-tune the model details. This procedure predicts the approximate nebular 3D structure and kinematics.

Results. We find that within a cylindrical outer nebula, there is a hidden, very dense bar-like or cylindrical inner structure. Both structures are co-axial and are inclined to the sky by 40 deg. We propose that the wide, asymmetric, one-sided plume is a flat structure attached to one end of the bar. All nebular components share the same kinematics, with an isotropic velocity field that monotonically increases with distance from the star before reaching a plateau. The relatively low velocities indicate that the observed shapes do not require particularly energetic processes, and there is no indication for the current presence of a jet. The 3D model reproduces the observed line ratios and the detailed structure of the object significantly better than previous models.
Towards a complete picture of the Sco-Cen outflow
Authors: Piecka M. , Hutschenreuter S. , Alves J.
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have presented strong evidence that the Sun is crossing an outflow originating from the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association (Sco-Cen). Understanding this outflow’s origin and structure illuminates how massive star formation shapes the interstellar medium (ISM) and helps predict future Galactic conditions that will affect our Solar System. We analysed H I emission and optical ISM absorption lines towards 47 early-type stars around the Upper Sco region to refine the map of the Sco-Cen outflow. Combined with data for nearby stars, we find that the outflow has at least two components: a faster, low-density component traced by Ca II, and a slower, possibly lower-density component traced by Mg II and Fe II in the UV that is passing through the Earth. A constant flow model successfully describes both components with (l, b, |v|) = (335.4°, −6.8°, 14.0 km s−1) and (305.5°, +17.6°, 21.2 km s−1), respectively. The origin of the faster component is possibly related to the Sco-Cen 15 Myr population, which is consistent with the origin of the slower component within 2 σ. A simple model comparison indicates that a constant flow is favoured over a spherical flow geometry, implying an extended distribution of feedback sources within Sco-Cen. We also find that a poorly studied 25 pc long H I cloud at a distance of 107 pc belongs to the established Sco-Cen flow.
A3COSMOS: Dust mass function and dust mass density at 0.5 < z < 6
Authors: Traina A. , Magnelli B. , Gruppioni C. , Delvecchio I. , Parente M. , Calura F. , Bisigello L. , Feltre A. , Pozzi F. , Vallini L.
Published: July 2024

Context. Although dust in galaxies represents only a few percent of the total baryonic mass, it plays a crucial role in the physical processes occurring in galaxies. Studying the dust content of galaxies, particularly at high z, is therefore crucial for understanding the link between dust production, obscured star formation, and the build-up of galaxy stellar mass.

Aims. We study the dust properties (mass and temperature) of the largest Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)-selected sample of star-forming galaxies available from the archive (A3COSMOS), and we derive the dust mass function and dust mass density of galaxies from z = 0.5  −  6.

Methods. We fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) with the CIGALE code to constrain the dust mass and temperature of the A3COSMOS galaxy sample based on the UV-to-near-infrared photometric coverage of each galaxy combined with the ALMA (and Herschel when available) coverage of the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of their dust-continuum emission. We then computed and fit the dust mass function by combining the A3COSMOS and the most recent Herschel samples in order to obtain the best estimate of the integrated dust mass density up to z ∼ 6.

Results. The dust masses in galaxies in A3COSMOS lie between ∼108 and ∼109.5 M⊙. From the SED fitting, we were also able to derive a dust temperature. The distribution of the dust temperature peaks at ∼30 − 35 K. The dust mass function at z = 0.5  −  6 evolves with an increase in M* and a decrease in the number density (Φ*), and it agrees well with literature estimates. The dust mass density decreases smoothly in its evolution from z ∼ 0.5 to z ∼ 6, which is steeper than what is found by models at z ≳ 2.
Metal accretion scars may be common on magnetic, polluted white dwarfs
Authors: Bagnulo S. , Landstreet J. D. , Farihi J. , Folsom C. P. , Hollands M. A. , Fossati L.
Published: July 2024

More than 30% of white dwarfs exhibit atmospheric metals, which are understood to be from recent or ongoing accretion of circumstellar debris. In cool white dwarfs, surface motions should rapidly homogenise photospheric abundances, and the accreted heavy elements should diffuse inward on a timescale much longer than that for surface mixing. The recent discovery of a metal scar on WD 0816–310 implies its B ≈ 140 kG magnetic field has impeded surface mixing of metals near the visible magnetic pole. Here, we report the discovery of a second magnetic, metal-polluted white dwarf, WD 2138–332, which exhibits periodic variability in longitudinal field, metal line strength, and broadband photometry. All three variable quantities have the same period, and show remarkable correlations: the published light curves have a brightness minimum exactly when the longitudinal field and line strength have a maximum, and a maximum when the longitudinal field and line strength have a minimum. The simplest interpretation of the line strength variability is that there is an enhanced metal concentration around one pole of the magnetic field; however, the variable line-blanketing cannot account for the observed multi-band light curves. More theoretical work is required to understand the efficiency of horizontal mixing of the accreted metal atoms, and the origin of photometric variability. Because both magnetic, metal-polluted white dwarfs that have been monitored to date show that metal line strengths vary in phase with the longitudinal field, we suggest that metal scars around magnetic poles may be a common feature of metal-polluted white dwarfs.
Échographie du réseau : une aide au diagnostic
de la réticulopéritonite traumatique (RPT)
Authors: Maillard Renaud , Belbis Guillaume
Published: July 2024

L’échographie est un outil d’imagerie qui a connu un fort essor ces 20 dernières années et qui est maintenant accessible à tout vétérinaire praticien en médecine bovine.

C’est une technique d’imagerie médicale qui s’avère très utile dans le diagnostic d'un certain nombre d’affections digestives chez les bovins. Elle se pratique sur animal debout avec des sondes linéaires de 3,5 à 5 MHz et permet notamment d’apprécier les contours et la motilité du réseau.

Les informations obtenues par l'échographie sont utiles tant dans la confirmation ou l'infirmation du diagnostic de réticulopéritonite traumatique (RPT), avec des valeurs de sensibilité et spécificité excellentes.

La biochimie des protéines de l’inflammation est un complément utile. Toutefois, malgré sa valeur, cet examen présente deux inconvénients : son aspect financier (investissement/ facturation) et son caractère très opérateur dépendant.
Mycoplasma wenyonii : vraie émergence ?
Authors: Maillard Renaud , Romanos Lola , Martinelli Enrico , Citti Christine , Schelcher François , Hygonenq Marie-Claude , Nouvel Xavier
Published: July 2024

Mycoplasma wenyonii est une petite bactérie sans paroi s’attachant aux hématies des bovinés ou circulant libre dans le sang. L’infection des bovins par M. wenyonii est souvent asymptomatique mais elle peut aussi induire un syndrome subclinique (avec chute de production laitière ou retard de croissance), ou un syndrome clinique (avec anémie, hyperthermie, dysgalactie, œdème des membres, lymphadénomégalie).

L’infection est décrite de plus en plus fréquemment en France, mais ses conséquences médicales et économiques sur la santé des bovins, la reproduction et la production laitière restent méconnues.

Le diagnostic repose sur des éléments cliniques et paracliniques (étalement sanguin et PCR)
Des plantes bioactives pour répondre aux nouvelles attentes
de l’élevage des Ruminants
Authors: Hoste Hervé , Gautier Denis , Sagot Laurence , Fança Barbara , Niderkorn Vincent
Published: July 2024

Face à l’expansion et à la rapidité d’apparition des résistances aux anthelminthiques de synthèse dans les populations de nématodes gastro-intestinaux chez les ovins et les caprins, il est indispensable d’explorer l’intérêt de solutions représentant des alternatives aux molécules antiparasitaires de synthèse.

Parmi les options explorées pour développer le concept de gestion intégrée des nématodes parasites, l’emploi de plantes bioactives, comme le sainfoin ou la chicorée, présente l’intérêt d’avoir des effets bénéfiques sur les plans nutritionnels, sanitaires ainsi qu’environnementaux.

Ces plantes contenant des métabolites secondaires répondent donc par plusieurs aspects aux attentes de l’agroécologie.
La période de transition chez la vache laitière :
une phase critique pour sa santé
Authors: Salat Olivier , Perrot Florent
Published: July 2024

Des progrès remarquables en termes de production laitière bovine ont été obtenus au cours de ces dernières décennies. Les vaches laitières modernes présentent des performances productives très élevées mais le corollaire en est une sensibilité beaucoup plus grande au moindre dysfonctionnement, qu’il soit alimentaire ou de conduite d’élevage. Cette sensibilité est exacerbée pendant le peripartum, période correspondant à la transition entre la fin de gestation et le démarrage de la lactation.

Le métabolisme de la vache se focalise alors sur la production prioritaire de lait, comme l’illustrent la prédominance des hormones de l’homéorrhèse et l’orientation du glucose ou du calcium vers la mamelle.

Le vêlage et ses suites ainsi que la constitution du colostrum et du lait s’accompagnent d’un état inflammatoire systémique, fondamental par exemple pour une bonne involution utérine, mais qui peut rapidement s’exacerber.

De plus, un stress oxydant est toujours présent à ce moment-là et c’est son intensité qui va conditionner son effet délétère. Enfin, cette étape est également caractérisée par un certain degré d’immunodépression. Une lipomobilisation marquée, des états plus ou moins prolongés d’hypocalcémie, des perturbations du fonctionnement ruminal ainsi qu’un manque d’antioxydants représentent les quatre principaux facteurs qui vont aggraver les états précédemment décrits et qui peuvent aboutir à une maladie, qu’elle soit infectieuse, métrites ou mammites, ou métabolique, non délivrance, cétose, déplacement de caillette à gauche.

La maîtrise du péripartum d’une vache laitière impose donc de mettre en place les outils indispensables à la prévention de ces 4 écueils.
Comment évaluer la préparation au vêlage
en élevage bovin laitier
Authors: Ayard Lisa , Lagoutte Fabien
Published: July 2024

Les troubles post-partum représentent un enjeu majeur dans la gestion des élevages laitiers et doivent être pris en charge correctement par les vétérinaires.

Un élevage de 83 Prim’Hostein présente de nombreux troubles sanitaires en péri-partum (non délivrances, métrites et déplacements de la caillette à gauche) et de la mortalité chez les veaux issus de génisses.

Une démarche diagnostique est mise en place comprenant :
1. une évaluation de l’alimentation et de la conduite des génisses et vaches taries ;
2. des pH urinaires ;
3. des bilans sanguins sur 3 primipares et 2 multipares un mois avant le vêlage.
Cette dernière a mis en évidence une gestion non optimale des génisses et vaches taries :
1. un BACA de la ration trop élevé ;
2. une transition alimentaire trop brutale ;
3. un engraissement en début de tarissement trop important ;
4. des génisses carencées en oligo-éléments. Ces éléments peuvent expliquer les troubles observés dans cet élevage. Afin de corriger ces déséquilibres, une gestion des génisses et des vaches taries en deux lots est proposée ainsi qu’une adaptation de la ration et une complémentation correcte des animaux en oligo-éléments et minéraux. Ces modifications ont été mises en place par les éleveurs et semblent fonctionner puisque l’incidence des troubles rencontrés a diminué 2 mois après.
Le stress thermique chez les bovins à l'engraissement
Authors: Timsit Edouard , Archard Damien
Published: July 2024

Les facteurs qui contribuent aux stress thermiques chez les bovins à l’engrais sont complexes. Ils comprennent des facteurs environnementaux (température, humidité, radiation solaire, vitesse du vent) et des facteurs liés aux animaux (couleur du pelage, état de santé, stade d’engraissement, etc.).

L’utilisation du score de chaleur accumulée (heat load index) associée à l’inspection clinique des animaux (score d’halètement) permet de diagnostiquer précocement des épisodes de stress thermiques.

La mise en place rapide de mesures correctives telles que l’arrêt des manipulations des animaux, un abreuvement suffisant, une modification des périodes d’alimentation et de la ration, une bonne ventilation, l’accès à des zones d’ombrage, etc. permet de réduire l’impact négatif du stress thermique sur la production et d’améliorer le bien-être des bovins à l’engrais.
Réchauffement climatique et bâtiment des vaches laitières
Authors: Laumonnier Gilbert
Published: July 2024

Le stress thermique des vaches laitières a pour conséquence de lourdes pertes économiques pour les éleveurs laitiers. Un groupe de travail pluridisciplinaire a fait le point sur le stress thermique des vaches laitières, a évalué les systèmes mis en place pour lutter contre ce stress et a proposé des solutions pour la conception, l’aménagement et l’utilisation des bâtiments. Ce travail a été présenté lors d'un colloque en décembre 2019. Cet article est une synthèse de ce colloque.

Un nouvel indice, l‘indice de charge de chaleur (Heat Load Index), permet de prendre en compte tous les facteurs qui ont une influence sur le stress thermique : température ambiante, humidité, augmentation de la sensation de chaleur par radiation et vitesse de l’air. Il permet de cartographier les bâtiments en fonction du risque de stress et de juger de l’efficacité des solutions mises en place. L’indice température-humidité, facile à utiliser, reste un outil intéressant.

En région tempérée, une adaptation des anciens bâtiments et la prise en compte du risque de stress thermique à la conception des nouveaux bâtiments peuvent suffire pour en limiter l’impact.

Dans des régions plus continentales, des solutions mécaniques sont indispensables associées plus ou moins à de la brumisation ou au douchage des animaux.
Enhanced energy density of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 batteries with negative-electronic-compressibility thin film coating
Authors: Jindata Warakorn , Musikajaroen Supansa , Wongpratat Unchista , Jaisuk Chutchawan , Wongprasod Suchunya , Tanapongpisit Nantawat , Laohana Peerawat , Sripallawit Natthapon , Thiwatwaranikul Theerawee , Muenwacha Thanapon , Khajonrit Jessada , Saenrang Wittawat , Maensiri Santi , Meevasana Worawat
Published: July 2024

In this work, we study and compare the electrochemical performance of Li-ion battery (LIB) with and without a BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 thin film coating. The BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 thin film is deposited on both LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) cathode and graphite anode electrodes using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. By using galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements, we observe that, in contrast to LIB without BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 coating, the charging curve of LIB with BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 coating exhibits a counterintuitive negative slope of the negative electron compressibility (NEC) with a rate of NEC equal to −16.36 × 10−11 meV per electron per cm2. Importantly, we find that the NEC effect has the potential to enhance the energy density in LIB with BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 coating. The energy density of the first discharge cycle is dramatically increased from 190 Wh/kg for pristine LIB to 255 Wh/kg for LIB coated with the BiFe0.95Cu0.05O3 film. We suggest the origin of this with the change in Mott gap and a concept to apply the NEC effect for enhancing energy density LIB batteries.
Beyond the blur: Using experimentally determined point spread functions to improve scanning Kelvin probe imaging
Authors: Lenton Isaac C. D. , Pertl Felix , Shafeek Lubuna , Waitukaitis Scott R.
Published: July 2024

Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) is a powerful technique for investigating the electrostatic properties of material surfaces, enabling the imaging of variations in work function, topology, surface charge density, or combinations thereof. Regardless of the underlying signal source, SKPM results in a voltage image, which is spatially distorted due to the finite size of the probe, long-range electrostatic interactions, mechanical and electrical noise, and the finite response time of the electronics. In order to recover the underlying signal, it is necessary to deconvolve the measurement with an appropriate point spread function (PSF) that accounts the aforementioned distortions, but determining this PSF is difficult. Here, we describe how such PSFs can be determined experimentally and show how they can be used to recover the underlying information of interest. We first consider the physical principles that enable SKPM and discuss how these affect the system PSF. We then show how one can experimentally measure PSFs by looking at well-defined features, and that these compare well to simulated PSFs, provided scans are performed extremely slowly and carefully. Next, we work at realistic scan speeds and show that the idealized PSFs fail to capture temporal distortions in the scan direction. While simulating PSFs for these situations would be quite challenging, we show that measuring PSFs with similar scan conditions works well. Our approach clarifies the basic principles and inherent challenges to SKPM measurements and gives practical methods to improve results.
Kilometer-range, full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR using fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Meng Yun , Zou Kai , Hao Zifan , Li Song , Descamps Thomas , Iovan Adrian , Zwiller Val , Hu Xiaolong
Published: July 2024

Full-Stokes polarimetric imaging light detection and ranging (LiDAR) provides rich information about distance, materials, texture, surface orientations, and profiles of objects, and it is an important remote-sensing technology. One major challenge to reach a long distance is to efficiently collect and detect the echo photons, as for long-range LiDAR, echo photons may become sparse. Here, we demonstrate a full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR, working at the eye-safe, telecommunication wavelength of 1560 nm, that can reach a range of 4 km. The key enabling technology is a four-channel system with multimode-fiber-coupled, large-area fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Furthermore, we also explore faster imaging (e.g., pixel-dwell time of 1 ms) of the objects at a shorter distance, approximately 1 km. Our demonstration has significantly extended the working range of full-Stokes polarimetric imaging LiDAR and represents an important step toward practical systems that may enable many applications in remote sensing and the detection and recognition of targets.
Active interface bulging in
Bacillus subtilis
swarms promotes self-assembly and biofilm formation
Authors: Liu Siyu , Li Ye , Xu Haoran , Kearns Daniel B. , Wu Yilin
Published: July 2024

Microbial communities such as biofilms are commonly found at interfaces. However, it is unclear how the physical environment of interfaces may contribute to the development and behavior of surface-associated microbial communities. Combining multimode imaging, single-cell tracking, and numerical simulations, here, we found that activity-induced interface bulging promotes colony biofilm formation in
Bacillus subtilis
swarms presumably via segregation and enrichment of sessile cells in the bulging area. Specifically, the diffusivity of passive particles is ~50% lower inside the bulging area than elsewhere, which enables a diffusion-trapping mechanism for self-assembly and may account for the enrichment of sessile cells. We also uncovered a quasilinear relation between cell speed and surface-packing density that underlies the process of active interface bulging. Guided by the speed–density relation, we demonstrated reversible formation of liquid bulges by manipulating the speed and local density of cells with light. Over the course of development, the active bulges turned into striped biofilm structures, which eventually give rise to a large-scale ridge pattern. Our findings reveal a unique physical mechanism of biofilm formation at air–solid interface, which is pertinent to engineering living materials and directed self-assembly in active fluids.
Aversive memories can be weakened during human sleep via the reactivation of positive interfering memories
Authors: Xia Tao , Chen Danni , Zeng Shengzi , Yao Ziqing , Liu Jing , Qin Shaozheng , Paller Ken A. , Torres Platas S. Gabriela , Antony James W. , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: July 2024

Recollecting painful or traumatic experiences can be deeply troubling. Sleep may offer an opportunity to reduce such suffering. We developed a procedure to weaken older aversive memories by reactivating newer positive memories during sleep. Participants viewed 48 nonsense words each paired with a unique aversive image, followed by an overnight sleep. In the next evening, participants learned associations between half of the words and additional positive images, creating interference. During the following non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, auditory memory cues were unobtrusively delivered. Upon waking, presenting cues associated with both aversive and positive images during sleep, as opposed to not presenting cues, weakened aversive memory recall while increasing positive memory intrusions. Substantiating these memory benefits, computational modeling revealed that cueing facilitated evidence accumulation toward positive affect judgments. Moreover, cue-elicited theta brain rhythms during sleep predominantly predicted the recall of positive memories. A noninvasive sleep intervention can thus modify aversive recollection and affective responses.
Analyzing the Kuralay-II equation: bifurcation, chaos, and sensitivity insights through conformable derivative and Jacobi elliptic function expansion
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ishfaq , Khan Abdullah , Farooq Aamir
Published: July 2024

This study explores the intricate dynamics of the Kuralay-II equation by employing the conformable derivative. Using the Galilean transformation, we can establish a dynamical system related to the equation. We investigate bifurcation methods in this derived system using planar dynamical systems theory. By introducing a perturbed term, we thoroughly investigate the possibility of chaotic behaviors in the Kuralay-II equation using comprehensive two-phase portraiture. Through careful analysis, we have determined that even small changes in the initial conditions have little impact on the stability of the solution, which has been confirmed by employing the Runge–Kutta method. In addition, we obtain exact solutions for the Kuralay-II equation by the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method. Graphical results of some solutions are showcased, offering a comprehensive evaluation using MATLAB across various dimensions. This study has yielded significant findings, such as the discovery of bifurcation points, the determination of conditions for chaos, and the analysis of stability under perturbations. These results have enhanced our understanding of the behavior of the Kuralay-II equation.
An adaptive two-step staircase static reconfiguration method for improving the power generation of PV array
Authors: Yi Lingzhi , Cheng Siyue , Wang Yahui , Luo Bote , Tan Jingxuan , Liu Jiangyong
Published: July 2024

Partial shading of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels can significantly affect the performance of solar PV arrays. Various reconfiguration techniques have been explored in recent years. Still, their applicability to actual PV power generation is controversial due to the number of electrical switches, physical locations, interconnections and complexity. This study proposes an adaptive two-step staircase (A2SS) static reconfiguration method. The technique is experimentally validated in several conditions and compared with the conventional TCT connection, single-step staircase (1SS) static reconfiguration method, Arrow soduku, modified odd–even–prime (MOEP) and two-step staircase(2SS) static reconfiguration method. For the eight shading cases of LN, LW, LD, Ran, Cen, Cor, CD, and Plus at SET#1, after reconfiguring the PV array using A2SS, the power has a significant improvement of 17.6%, 17.0%, 13.4%, 13.4%, 20.6%, 20.2%, 3.1%, and 0.82% than TCT. In the four shading cases of Lr. C, Lr. O, Lr. T, and Lr. U at SET#2, the power showed a significant improvement of 11.8%, 9.2%, 10.7%, and 15.8% compared to TCT. It also has the best performance in various reconfiguration techniques, which are mentioned. In addition, the A2SS reconfiguration method can be better applied to various sizes of PV arrays. By optimizing the shading distribution and adjusting the row irradiance deviation, the power stability of PV power generation is improved while maximizing energy efficiency.
Reduction of the deceleration phase to mitigate the negative effect of hydrodynamic instabilities in direct-drive ICF implosions
Authors: Temporal M , Piriz A R , Canaud B , Ramis R
Published: July 2024

In the deceleration phase of an Inertial Confinement Fusion capsule implosion Rayleigh–Taylor hydrodynamic instability can affect or even quench the ignition and thermonuclear burn wave propagation. This instability tends to mix the inner hot plasma with the cold and dense plasma shell providing a mixing layer where nuclear fusion reactions are inhibited. The 1D hydrodynamics code Multi-IFE has been used to simulate the implosion of a direct-drive high-gain laser-capsule design and the temporal evolution of the average radius and thickness of the mixing layer have been estimated. To mimic the effect of the reduced reaction rate, the fuel reactivity in the mixing layer is artificially set to zero thus inhibiting the burn wave propagation throughout it nullifying the energy gain. In order to overcome this negative effect, secondary short and powerful laser pulse is added, shortening this way the deceleration phase, which in turn reduces the thickness of the mixing layer. A study has been carried out to identify the optimal secondary laser pulse that recovers the high energy gain.
Lyapunov exponents and phase structure of Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating black holes
Authors: Naveena Kumara A. , Punacha Shreyas , Ali Md Sabir
Published: July 2024

We study the phase structure of Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating (HSV) black holes using Lyapunov exponents. For describing hyperscaling violating system, we chose a particular gravity model constructed from generalized Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton action which includes the Lifshitz cases at appropriate limits. We study the relationship between Lyapunov exponents and black hole phase transitions considering both the timelike and null geodesics. We observe that, the black hole phase transiton properties are reflected in Lyapunov exponent where its multiple branches correspond to the distinct phases of the black hole. The discontinuos change of the Lyapunov exponent during the phase transition serve as an order parameter with critical exponent 1/2 near the critical point. Our numerical study reveals that the correlation between the Lyapunov exponent and black hole thermodynamic properties can be generalised beyond the AdS spacetime. We find that it is independent of the HSV parameter as well as the Lifshitz exponent.
Gravitational wave sourced by decay of massive particle from primordial black hole evaporation
Authors: Choi Ki-Young , Lkhagvadorj Erdenebulgan , Mahapatra Satyabrata
Published: July 2024

In this article, we investigate the stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) spectrum, resulting from the emission of gravitons through bremsstrahlung, in the decay of particles produced by Hawking radiation. Although particle decays inevitably entail the emission of graviton due to bremsstrahlung, the associated decay width is notably suppressed due to the Planck scale suppression in the coupling of matter fields to gravitons. Consequently, the relic abundance of such GWs constituted of these gravitons undergoes a corresponding reduction. However, we demonstrate that super-heavy particles, reaching masses as high as Planck scale, can emerge naturally in the Hawking radiation of evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) and can compensate for this suppression. In addition, we also discuss the stochastic gravitational waves constituted out of the gravitons directly radiated from such evaporating PBHs. When the super-heavy particle decays promptly after its production, then the corresponding GW spectrum remains subdominant to the one arising from direct PBH evaporation. However, if this particle is long-lived and decays after PBH evaporation, then the resulting GWs produced in these two processes have two distinct spectra with their peaks at extremely high frequencies, providing avenues for proposed ultra-high frequency gravitational wave detectors. We also show that such gravitational waves contribute significantly to substantial dark radiation, which can be probed with the enhanced sensitivity of future experiments.