bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reappraisal of leaf morphology in Aponogeton natans (Aponogetonaceae)
Authors: MANAWADUGE CHAPA G. , YAKANDAWALA DEEPTHI , LES DONALD H.
Published: June 2016

The aquatic monocotyledon genus Aponogeton L.f. (Aponogetonaceae) consists of about 57 species distributed mainly in the tropical or subtropical regions of the Old world.  Aponogeton natans (L.) Engler & Krause is the type species of the genus and occurs in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. During recent field work, which focused exclusively on Sri Lankan Aponogeton, we were unable to satisfactorily reconcile our collections of A. natans with the morphological descriptions given in several previously published accounts globally, as all description indicated the presence of submersed leaves. Detail investigation carried out with literature and the type specimens revealed that the presences of submersed leaves is only a misconception that was propagated by a misinterpretation of the Latin description provided by Krause & Engler in 1906. To clarify the nature of the foliage in A. natans we provide here a revised morphological description of this taxon along with an illustration and images.
Rediscovery of Hieracium nebrodense (Asteraceae), a little-known endemic of Sicily (Italy)
Authors: DI GRISTINA EMILIO , GOTTSCHLICH GÜNTER , RAIMONDO FRANCESCO M.
Published: June 2016

Hieracium nebrodense Tineo ex Lojac., a little-known endemic of Sicily, has been rediscovered from the type locality after almost two centuries since its first and only collection made in 1830 in the Madonie Mountains (N Sicily). In line with the treatment in ‘Med-Checklist 2’, it is reclassified as a subspecies of H. schmidtii. A new combination is made and a detailed description and illustration are provided.
A new species of Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D.R.Hunt (Commelinaceae) from Southern Brazil
Authors: PELLEGRINI MARCO OCTÁVIO DE OLIVEIRA
Published: June 2016

A new species of Tradescantia sect. Austrotradescantia endemic to rocky cliffs in Southern Brazil, is here described as Tradescantia seubertiana. This new species is characterized as being completely glabrous, with a leaf base obtuse to cordate to slightly amplexicaulous, ellipsoid flower buds, by its light-pink to pink petals, and for growing in wet rocky cliffs. The new species is morphologically most similar to T. crassula due to its erect habit, conduplicate to canaliculate, succulent leaves, with inconspicuous secondary veins, non-saccate cincinni bracts, pistil longer than the stamens and hilum longer than ½ the length of the seed. I present a description, an illustration, a distribution map, habitat description, and a conservation assessment for the new species. I also present a comparison and identification key for the species related to T. seubertiana.
The Ontario Winter Lake-Effect Systems Field Campaign: Scientific and Educational Adventures to Further Our Knowledge and Prediction of Lake-Effect Storms
Authors: Kristovich David A. R. , Clark Richard D. , Frame Jeffrey , Geerts Bart , Knupp Kevin R. , Kosiba Karen A. , Laird Neil F. , Metz Nicholas D. , Minder Justin R. , Sikora Todd D. , Steenburgh W. James , Steiger Scott M. , Wurman Joshua , Young George S.
Published: June 2016

Intense lake-effect snowstorms regularly develop over the eastern Great Lakes, resulting in extreme winter weather conditions with snowfalls sometimes exceeding 1 m. The Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign sought to obtain unprecedented observations of these highly complex winter storms.

OWLeS employed an extensive and diverse array of instrumentation, including the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft, five university-owned upper-air sounding systems, three Center for Severe Weather Research Doppler on Wheels radars, a wind profiler, profiling cloud and precipitation radars, an airborne lidar, mobile mesonets, deployable weather Pods, and snowfall and particle measuring systems. Close collaborations with National Weather Service Forecast Offices during and following OWLeS have provided a direct pathway for results of observational and numerical modeling analyses to improve the prediction of severe lake-effect snowstorm evolution. The roles of atmospheric boundary layer processes over heterogeneous surfaces (water, ice, and land), mixed-phase microphysics within shallow convection, topography, and mesoscale convective structures are being explored.

More than 75 students representing nine institutions participated in a wide variety of data collection efforts, including the operation of radars, radiosonde systems, mobile mesonets, and snow observation equipment in challenging and severe winter weather environments.
Linking Meteorology, Turbulence, and Air Chemistry in the Amazon Rain Forest
Authors: Fuentes Jose D. , Chamecki Marcelo , Nascimento dos Santos Rosa Maria , Von Randow Celso , Stoy Paul C. , Katul Gabriel , Fitzjarrald David , Manzi Antonio , Gerken Tobias , Trowbridge Amy , Souza Freire Livia , Ruiz-Plancarte Jesus , Furtunato Maia Jair Max , Tóta Julio , Dias Nelson , Fisch Gilberto , Schumacher Courtney , Acevedo Otavio , Rezende Mercer Juliane , Yañez-Serrano Ana Maria
Published: June 2016

We describe the salient features of a field study whose goals are to quantify the vertical distribution of plant-emitted hydrocarbons and their contribution to aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei production above a central Amazonian rain forest. Using observing systems deployed on a 50-m meteorological tower, complemented with tethered balloon deployments, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons and aerosols was determined under different boundary layer thermodynamic states. The rain forest emits sufficient reactive hydrocarbons, such as isoprene and monoterpenes, to provide precursors of secondary organic aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei. Mesoscale convective systems transport ozone from the middle troposphere, enriching the atmospheric boundary layer as well as the forest canopy and surface layer. Through multiple chemical transformations, the ozone-enriched atmospheric surface layer can oxidize rain forest–emitted hydrocarbons. One conclusion derived from the field studies is that the rain forest produces the necessary chemical species and in sufficient amounts to undergo oxidation and generate aerosols that subsequently activate into cloud condensation nuclei.
Anvil Productivities of Tropical Deep Convective Clusters and Their Regional Differences
Authors: Deng Min , Mace Gerald. G. , Wang Zhien
Published: June 2016

The anvil productivities of tropical deep convection are investigated and compared among eight climatological regions using 4 yr of collocated and combined CloudSat and CALIPSO data. For all regions, the convective clusters become deeper while they become wider and tend to be composed of multiple rainy cores. Two strong detrainment layers from deep convection are observed at 6–8 km and above 10 km, which is consistent with the trimodal characteristics of tropical convection that are associated with different divergence, cloud detrainment, and fractional cloudiness. The anvil productivity of tropical deep convection depends on the convection scale, convective life stage or intensity, and large-scale environment. Anvil ice mass ratio related to the whole cluster starts to level off or decrease when the cluster effective scales Weff (the dimension of an equivalent rectangular with the same volume and height as the original cluster) increase to about 200 km wide, while the ratios of anvil scale and volume keep increasing from 0.4 to 0.6 and 0.15 to 0.4, respectively. The anvil clouds above 12 km can count for more than 20% of cluster volume, or more than 50% of total anvil volume, but they only count less than about 2% of total ice mass in the cluster. Anvil production of younger convection of the same Weff is higher than that of the decaying convection. The regional difference in the composite anvil productivities of tropical convective clusters sorted by Weff is subtle, while the occurrence frequencies of different scales of convection vary substantially.
What is Missing from the Prescription of Hydrology for Land Surface Schemes?
Authors: Davison Bruce , Pietroniro Alain , Fortin Vincent , Leconte Robert , Mamo Moges , Yau M. K.
Published: June 2016

Land surface schemes (LSSs) are of potential interest both to hydrologists looking for innovative ways to simulate river flow and the land surface water balance and to atmospheric scientists looking to improve weather and climate predictions. This paper discusses three ideas, which are grounded in hydrological science, to improve LSS predictions of streamflow and latent heat fluxes. These three possibilities are 1) improved representation of lateral flow processes, 2) the appropriate representation of surface heterogeneity, and 3) calibration to streamflow as a way to account for parameter uncertainty. The current understanding of lateral hydrological processes is described along with their representation of a selected group of LSSs. Issues around spatial heterogeneity are discussed, and calibration in hydrologic models and LSSs is examined. A case study of an evapotranspiration-dominated basin with over 10 years of extensive observations in central Canada is presented. The results indicate that in this particular basin, calibration of streamflow presents atmospheric modelers with a unique opportunity to improve upon the current practice of using lookup tables to define parameter values. More studies are needed to determine if model calibration to streamflow is an appropriate method for generally improving LSS-modeled heat fluxes around the globe.
The Occurrence, Drivers, and Implications of Submesoscale Eddies on the Martha’s Vineyard Inner Shelf
Authors: Kirincich Anthony
Published: June 2016

The occurrence, drivers, and implications of small-scale O(2–5) km diameter coherent vortices, referred to as submesoscale eddies, over the inner shelf south of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, are examined using high-frequency (HF), radar-based, high-resolution (400 m) observations of surface currents. Within the 300 km2 study area, eddies occurred at rates of 1 and 4 day−1 in winter and summer, respectively. Most were less than 5 h in duration, smaller than 4 km in diameter, and rotated less than once over their lifespan; 60% of the eddies formed along the eastern edge of study area, adjacent to Wasque Shoal, and moved westward into the interior, often with relative vorticity greater than f. Eddy generation was linked to vortex stretching on the ebb and flood tide as well as the interaction of the spatially variable tide and the wind-driven currents; however, these features had complex patterns of surface divergence and stretching. Eddies located away from Wasque Shoal were related to the movement of wind-driven surface currents, as wind direction controlled where eddies formed as well as density effects. Using an analysis of particles advected within the radar-based surface currents, the observed eddies were found to be generally leaky, losing 60%–80% of particles over their lifespan, but still more retentive than the background flow. As a result, the combined translation and rotational effects of the observed eddies were an important source of lateral exchange for surface waters over the inner shelf.
Multimodal representations during an inquiry problem-solving activity in a Year 6 science class: A case study investigating cooperation, physiological arousal and belief states
Authors: Gillies Robyn M , Carroll Annemaree , Cunnington Ross , Rafter Mary , Palghat Kelsey , Bednark Jeff , Bourgeois Amanda
Published: June 2016

Teaching students to use and interpret different representational tools is critically important if they are to be scientifically literate, to understand how scientific ideas and concepts are represented and to appreciate how scientists think and act. Moreover, students not only need to be competent at using and explaining representations and learning new representations quickly but they also need to have opportunities to work cooperatively with others as it is through interactions between learners, tools and the environment that learning occurs. The current case study (part of a larger study) aimed to: (a) identify the effects of different teacher-introduced representational tools on students’ conceptual understandings, dialogic processes, motivation and learning; (b) examine the representational tools used by students during their inquiry science; and (c) examine the physiological states indicative of engagement and cooperation during learning activities. Prior to and on completion of the curriculum unit, participants completed a series of measures to assess actual as well as self-perceived ability in science. Students also wore wireless wristbands to measure autonomic arousal level that were analysed to assess the level of synchrony in physiological states between children. The results showed that the teacher successfully used embodied representations to engage the students in the science unit and maintained their focus in the cooperative groups by using language that encouraged on-going participation in the task. In turn, the students remained on-task and the majority of the language they employed was used to construct and communicate their scientific understanding to others. This high-level common engagement during whole class activities and student-centred learning during the cooperative group activities were also reflected in the physiological measures of synchrony between students. By integrating the video and biometric data with the data from the individual assessments, we construct a rich picture of relationship between the teacher’s use of multimodal representations and cooperative small groups with the students’ use of scientific language, physiological engagement and their beliefs and attitudes towards science.
Investigation of models of the yarn-bobbin drying process by determination of their parameters using genetic algorithm
Authors: Susantez Çiğdem , Hacıhafızoğlu Oktay , Kahveci Kamil
Published: June 2016

In the first part of this study, the drying behavior of wool-acrylic yarn bobbins was investigated by a theoretical model and genetic algorithm method. Each candidate solution for Do, D1 and D2 was presented on a single chromosome. The values of Do, D1 and D2 yielding the best fit between the experimental and predicted moisture contents were obtained using the genetic algorithm. In the second part of this study, the suitability of various empirical and semiempirical models in the modeling of the drying process was investigated by the genetic algorithm. The population number was taken as 30 and the tournament selection method was used. The calculations were performed until the 20th generation for the theoretical model and 100th generation for the empirical and semiempirical models. The results show that the genetic algorithm can be successfully used in the modeling of the drying process of yarn bobbins. The results also show that the Verma et al. and Diffusion Approach models yield the best fit with experimental data.
Vicarious Victimization in Prison
Authors: Daquin Jane C. , Daigle Leah E. , Listwan Shelley Johnson
Published: June 2016

Prison victimization research has mainly focused on direct experiences of victimization rather than on the vicarious victimization experiences of prisoners, despite the possibility of inmates being exposed to high levels of victimization. Using the Prison Experience and Reentry Study, a longitudinal study of 1,613 males residing in Ohio halfway houses, the study examined the extent of witnessing victimization in prison and its effects on individual post-release outcomes. The findings show that a large proportion of offenders witness victimization and that parolees who witnessed victimization faced greater odds of experiencing at least one negative criminal justice outcome, including a parole violation and an arrest. These findings suggest that it is not only direct victimization that plays a role in post-release adjustment.
Who does the reading, who the talking? Low-income fathers and mothers in the US interacting with their young children around a picture book
Authors: Duursma Elisabeth
Published: June 2016

Bookreading is known to benefit young children’s language and literacy development. However, research has demonstrated that how adults interact around a book with a child is probably even more important than reading the complete text. Dialogic or interactive reading strategies can promote children’s language development more specifically. Little is known about how fathers engage in bookreading with their children. This study examined the differences and similarities in interaction style during bookreading among low-income fathers and mothers in the US at child ages two and three, in particular focusing on immediate and non-immediate talk. Results demonstrated that fathers used more non-immediate talk, or talk not directly related to the book, than mothers did, at both child ages. Fathers also used more engagement strategies than mothers did.
Hard Times and Harder Minds: Material Hardship and Marital Well-Being Among Low-Income Families in South Korea
Authors: Shim Joyce , Lee RaeHyuck , Kim Jaeseung
Published: June 2016

Experiencing material hardship may bring various negative consequences for married couples and family members. However, little is known about this topic in Korea. Using a nationally representative sample from the Korean Welfare Panel Study, we examined how material hardship was associated with marital well-being among low-income families in Korea, separately for husbands (i.e., male household heads) and wives. Overall, we found experiencing any material hardship was associated with lower levels of satisfaction of both family life and spousal relationship, consistently for husbands and wives. We also found depression and self-esteem partially mediated the associations in both groups. Furthermore, among individual items of material hardship, experiencing food hardship was associated with lower levels of satisfaction of family life for both husbands and wives, whereas experiencing problems with credit was associated with lower levels of satisfaction of both family life and spousal relationship for wives but not for husbands.
Neglected foreign body aspiration mimicking bronchial carcinoma
Authors: Afghani Reza , Khandashpour Ghomi Mahmoud , Khandoozi Seyed Reza , Yari Behrouz
Published: June 2016

Foreign body aspiration can occur in any age group, but it is more commonly seen in children. In adults, there is usually a predisposing condition that poses a risk of aspiration. If aspiration occurs, prompt diagnosis and extraction of the foreign body is needed to prevent early and late complications. We report a rare case of neglected foreign body aspiration in a 45-year-old schizophrenic opium addicted patient, which resulted in an occlusive lesion in the bronchus, mimicking bronchial carcinoma.
Decidualization of Endometriosis in Macaques
Authors: Atkins H. M. , Lombardini E. D. , Caudell D. L. , Appt S. E. , Dubois A. , Cline J. M.
Published: June 2016

The decidua is the superficial portion of endometrium that transforms, or decidualizes, under the influence of progesterone to nourish the early embryo during pregnancy. Deciduae outside the uterus are found in nearly 100% of human pregnancies. This condition, known as deciduosis, may mimic malignancy, resulting in additional diagnostic procedures that place the mother, baby, or both at risk. Deciduosis has been described in both Old World and New World nonhuman primates in conjunction with pregnancy and after treatment with exogenous progestins. Here the authors present 6 cases of deciduosis associated with endometriotic lesions in female rhesus and cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). Full diagnostic necropsies with histologic analyses were performed on all animals. Deciduae were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry for vimentin, CD10, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, desmin, cytokeratin, kermix P8, chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, and calretinin. The most common clinical signs were abdominal pain (4 of 6) and anorexia (2 of 6). At necropsy, macaque uteri were often enlarged or disfigured (4 of 6) with abundant fibrous adhesions (5 of 6). Affected tissue consisted of epithelial-lined cysts and decidualized stroma with scattered gamma/delta T cells. Decidualized stromal cells were large and polyhedral with abundant cytoplasm and round vesicular nuclei. They stained positive for vimentin, CD10, progesterone, and estrogen. In summary, these cases illustrate deciduosis in 6 nonhuman primates with endometriosis. Understanding decidualization in nonhuman primates will aid in elucidating the pathophysiology of deciduosis during pregnancy or endometriosis and potentially lead to new interventions.
Multimodal Millennials? The Four Traveler Types of Young People in the United States in 2009
Authors: Ralph Kelcie M.
Published: June 2016

Are young Americans embracing a mix of travel modes? This article identifies four types of travelers to answer that question. Drivers travel almost exclusively by automobile; Long-distance Trekkers drive great distances; Multimodals use a mix of modes; and the Car-less rely on nonautomobile modes and make very few trips. Multimodals were exceedingly rare and eight in ten Millennials used an automobile for nearly every trip as a Driver or Long-distance Trekker. By incorporating multiple facets of travel into a single variable, this research provides valuable information for addressing twenty-first-century policy challenges such as encouraging multimodality and alleviating transportation disadvantage.
Electoral Accountability and Substantive Representation of National Minorities
Authors: Lončar Jelena
Published: June 2016

This article examines under what conditions descriptive representatives of national minorities can also act as substantive representatives. It provides an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the representatives with ethnic minority backgrounds in the eighth National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia. Specifically, the article builds upon a content analysis of all interventions in the plenary parliamentary debates of the thirty-one minority MPs in the period between June 2008 and March 2012. The analysis suggests that having a minority ethnic background or political party registered as a political party of national minority are not sufficient conditions for substantive minority representation. The findings show that minority representatives elected on minority electoral lists engage more in substantive representation of minorities than descriptive representatives elected to parliament either as members of mainstream parties or through pre-electoral arrangements of minority parties with mainstream political parties.
Performance assessment of permeability index prediction in an ironmaking process via soft computing techniques
Authors: Tunckaya Yasin
Published: June 2016

Permeability index is a crucial productivity indicator of the lower zone in blast furnaces to maintain the operation, energy consumption, and hot liquid metal production rates during the ironmaking process. Blast furnace operation parameters such as coke-to-ore ratio, wall pressures and temperatures, flame temperature, top gas pressure, temperature and composition, hot blast pressure and temperature, sounding levels, etc. and also the level of hot liquid metal and slag in the bottom of furnace, influence the permeability phenomenon directly. Hence, fluctuations and instantenous variations of permeability index parameter should be avoided by controlling inadequate drainage cycles and operational factors to achieve more efficient and stable operation in the furnaces. In this study, permeability index parameter of the Erdemir Blast Furnace #1, located in Turkey, is modeled and experimental computing work is carried out to assess the operation performance of the furnace, depending on selected input parameters. The demanding artificial intelligence and soft computing techniques, artificial neural networks and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, and a well-known statistical tool, autoregressive integrated moving average model are executed throughout the study using previous furnace data, received during one day of operation. Selected performance measures, coefficient of determination ( R2) and root mean squared error, are used to compare the forecasting accuracy of proposed models. Consequently, the most satisfactory forecasting model of the study, adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, is proposed to be integrated into the plant control system as an expert modeler.
A Study of Expiration-day Effects of Index Derivatives Trading in India
Authors: Mahalwala Rachna
Published: June 2016

This study examines the existence of expiration-day effects of index derivatives trading in India through volume, return, volatility, and price reversal characteristics of underlying stock market during expiration days of these contracts. Expiration-day effects can be a result of a mixture of factors, including the presence of arbitrage opportunities, the cash settlement nature of index derivative contracts, the stock market process for accommodating the unwinding of arbitrage positions in the stocks, and the efforts to wittingly manipulate prices. Using daily price and turnover data of CNX Nifty and employing time series “ARMA model with EGARCH errors,” the results of the study indicated the presence of some significant but non-disastrous expiration-day effects in India.
Oral Health
Authors: Alpert Patricia T.
Published: June 2016

The connection between oral and systemic health is becoming more obvious. Oral infections, specifically periodontitis, have been associated with diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, erectile dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, to name a few. As people age, they become more susceptible for developing both oral and systemic diseases. This article discusses the oral-systemic relationship as well as sheds light on preventive measures that can be taken.
Just like us: Everyday celebrity politicians and the pursuit of popularity in an age of anti-politics
Authors: Wood Matthew , Corbett Jack , Flinders Matthew
Published: June 2016

In a supposedly ‘anti-political’ age, the scholarly literature on celebrity politicians argues that politicians gain popularity by adopting strategies from within the world of entertainment. This article offers the findings of a research project that has detected a marked shift in the interplay between celebrity culture and the presentational strategies adopted by politicians. At the heart of this shift is an increased focus on the concept of ‘normality’ as politicians increasingly attempt to shake-off the negative connotations associated with ‘professional politicians’ and instead attempt to appear ‘just like us’. As such, this article offers an original approach by distinguishing between ‘superstar’ celebrity politicians and ‘everyday’ celebrity politicians before identifying three aspects of each strategy (i.e. media platform, marketing technique and performative role). It offers numerous empirical examples that serve to underpin this distinction before using the example of Boris Johnson as a case study in the attempted shift from ‘superstar’ to ‘everyday’ celebrity. This focus on normality offers a fresh entry-point into the analysis of contemporary political statecraft while also posing distinctive questions about the tension between political popularity and credibility in an anti-political age. As such, the approach also has significant implications for normative ideas about how celebrity can be ‘democratised’ to remedy anti-politics.
Confucian values and school leadership in Vietnam
Authors: Truong Thang Dinh , Hallinger Philip , Sanga Kabini
Published: June 2016

There is an emerging global consensus that the knowledge base in educational leadership and management must offer a deeper examination of leadership practice across a more diverse set of national contexts. Nonetheless, a recent review of the literature in this field concluded that this challenge has yet to be adequately addressed with respect to research in Asia. This study was an in-depth, qualitative examination of how the decision-making practices of Vietnamese school principals respond to their socio-cultural context. The study employed Hofstede’s ‘dimensions of national culture’ to aid in this analysis of Vietnamese school leadership. Qualitative data were used to construct case studies of principal decision-making in three Vietnamese schools. The findings highlight the strong influence of power distance and collectivism on the decision making of Vietnamese school principals. The results illuminate the value of adopting an ‘indigenous perspective’ on school leadership. Our description of how socio-cultural values shape the practice of school leadership in Vietnam offers a useful contrast with descriptions from mainstream research on educational leadership and management.
Ethnicity, gender, deprivation and low educational attainment in England: Political arithmetic, ideological stances and the deficient society
Authors: Parsons Carl
Published: June 2016

Attainment data on England’s school pupils are more extensive in coverage, detail, quantity, accessibility and of higher quality than monitoring statistics routinely available in other European countries. These data facilitate investigation of low attainment in England’s schools and its relationship to ethnicity, gender and poverty. This article reviews longitudinal sample studies and extends this with simpler presentations of England’s national attainment statistics for education over 5 years up to 2014. The analyses show recurrent correlations of low attainment with specific ethnic minority groups, with gender and most strongly with low-income sections of society. There is a strong case, from these data and other research, that these inequalities are rooted in social and economic factors outside the school, created and sustained by neoliberal economic practices and elitist structures. It is argued that reducing the proportion of children growing up in poverty will have a bigger impact on raising average attainment levels than focusing on in-school factors.
Disease severity and muscular strength as predictors of arm and leg ergometry capacity in chronic respiratory disease
Authors: Chapman Kylie Christine , Dreyer Lukas Ignatius
Published: June 2016

Background:

The aim was to examine the predictability of stage of disease (FEV1) and measures of strength (arm and leg) to arm and leg ergometry capacity of patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Methods:

A total of 44 chronic respiratory disease patients, 16 males and 28 females (mean age = 59.8 ± 11.9 years), with an FEV1 of 22%–89% predicted (mean FEV1% predicted = 54.6 ± 18.3) participated. All participants completed spirometry, Medical Research Council grade, anthropometric assessment, submaximal arm and leg ergometry testing, grip strength, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings strength and endurance testing.

Results:

To determine contributing and predictor variables of arm and leg ergometry capacity, multiple linear and binary regression analyses were performed. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that quadriceps strength (N m), FEV1% and grip strength (kg) predicted 64% of peak wattage during submaximal leg ergometry testing (adjusted R2 = 64%, F = 26.387 and p = 0.00). Quadriceps strength showed the highest predictability of peak leg ergometry wattage ( p = 0.00, β = 0.844 and t = 6.238), followed by grip strength and FEV1% ( p = 0.038, β = −0.270 and t = −2.143 and p = 0.028, β = −0.230 and t = 2.279, respectively). A second regression analysis determined that quadriceps strength (N m), FEV1% and grip strength (kg) predicted 53% of peak wattage during submaximal arm ergometry testing (adjusted R2 = 0.53, F = 17.018 and p = 0.00). Quadriceps strength was the only independent variable that showed predictability of peak arm ergometry wattage ( p = 0.00, β = 0.793 and t = 5.125). The odds ratio analysis indicated that chronic respiratory disease patients with high quadriceps strength have 13.76 times higher odds of having high peak arm ergometry wattage. This odds ratio equated to an 85% probability of having high arm ergometry peak wattage if quadriceps strength is high.

Conclusions:

In summary, the main factors predicting leg ergometry capacity were quadriceps strength, FEV1 and grip strength. Quadriceps strength was the only statistically significant predictor of peak arm ergometry wattage, suggesting a relationship between arm and leg functionality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Three cases of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts
Authors: Matsusue Eiji , Fujihara Yoshio , Maeda Kazunori , Okamoto Masaru , Yanagitani Atsushi , Tanaka Kiwamu , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Ogawa Toshihide
Published: June 2016

A rare complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis is the formation of a mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst (MPP), which is caused by tracking of pancreatic fluids through anatomical openings of the diaphragm into the mediastinum. Herein, we report the imaging characteristics of three cases of this condition. Our results revealed three features in common: (i) the connection between the mediastinum and the pancreatic cystic lesion; (ii) the presence of pleural effusions; and (iii) imaging findings consistent with chronic pancreatitis, such as pancreatic atrophy and calcifications and dilatation and/or stricture of main pancreatic duct (MPD). Serial diameter changes of the MPD and of the adjacent pseudocysts were necessary for the determination of the therapeutic strategy used in each case.
Hybrid systems based on organic dyes and clay minerals: Fundamentals and potential applications
Authors: Bujdák Juraj
Published: June 2016

This review summarizes several aspects of the interactions between organic dyes and clay minerals, and presents some interesting properties of hybrid materials based on these components. It explains the basic phenomena and photophysical properties of dye/clay mineral hybrid systems (DCHS) while examining the role of clay minerals in them. A brief history of using dyes as tools for clay research and on traditional materials based on DCHS is presented. Metachromasy, the phenomenon of colour change related to the formation of dye molecular aggregates is described in detail and analysed from various perspectives. The properties of DCHS, including photoactivity, luminescence, photocatalytic properties, optical anisotropy and non-linear optical properties are analysed in detail. Clay minerals often play a significant role in the occurrence of specific photophysical phenomena such as resonance energy transfer and luminescence quenching and may influence various reactions, such as conformational changes in dye molecules, photochromism, photoisomerization, photosensitization and other photochemical processes. Routes to synthesize various types of hybrid materials are also described here. The relevance of DCHS for clay research, chemistry and materials science is summarized briefly.
Thrombopoietin receptor agonists shift the balance of Fcγ receptors toward inhibitory receptor IIb on monocytes in ITP
Authors: Liu Xin-guang , Liu Shuang , Feng Qi , Liu Xue-na , Li Guo-sheng , Sheng Zi , Chen Peng , Liu Yang , Wei Yu , Dong Xiao-yuan , Qin Ping , Gao Chengjiang , Ma Chunhong , Zhang Lei , Hou Ming , Peng Jun
Published: June 2016

Key Points

TPO-RAs shift monocyte FcγR balance toward the inhibitory FcγRIIb and correct the enhanced phagocytic capacity of macrophages in ITP.
Earnings after DI: evidence from full medical continuing disability reviews
Authors: Hemmeter Jeffrey , Bailey Michelle Stegman
Published: June 2016

Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries undergo periodic medical reviews to determine if they continue to be eligible for disability benefits. We examine how these reviews affect beneficiary well-being by using administrative data to track the earnings of beneficiaries for up to 5 years after their reviews. We estimate that a sizeable percentage of beneficiaries would work if their benefits were ceased in a medical review. However, many appear to be unable to maintain employment: only one in three would have earnings over the full follow-up period. Further, far fewer would reach any of several measures of earnings sufficiency.

JEL codes: H51, H53, I38, J14
Integrated seismic and electromagnetic model building applied to improve subbasalt depth imaging in the Faroe-Shetland Basin
Authors: Panzner Martin , Morten Jan Petter , Weibull Wiktor Waldemar , Arntsen Børge
Published: June 2016

Subbasalt imaging has gained significant interest in the last two decades, driven by the urge to better understand the geologic structures beneath volcanic layers, which can be up to several kilometers thick. This understanding is crucial for the development and risking of hydrocarbon play models in these areas. However, imaging based on the reflection seismic data alone suffers from severe amplitude transmission losses and interbed multiples in the volcanic sequence, as well as from poor definition of the subbasalt velocity structure. We have considered a sequential imaging workflow, in which the resistivity model from joint controlled-source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data inversion was used to update the velocity model and to improve the structural definition in the migrated seismic image. The quantitative link between resistivity and velocity was derived from well data. The workflow used standard procedures for seismic velocity analysis, electromagnetic data inversion, and well analysis, and thereby allowed detail control and input based on additional geophysical knowledge and experience in each domain. Using real data sets from the Faroe-Shetland Basin, we can demonstrate that the integration of seismic and electromagnetic data significantly improved the imaging of geologic structures covered by up to several-kilometer-thick extended volcanic sequences. The improved results might alter the interpretation compared with the imaging results from seismic data alone.
Fast dual-domain reduced-rank algorithm for 3D deblending via randomized QR decomposition
Authors: Cheng Jinkun , Sacchi Mauricio D.
Published: June 2016

We have developed a fast dual-domain algorithm based on matrix rank reduction for separating simultaneous-source seismic data. Our algorithm operates on 3D common receiver gathers or offset-midpoint gathers. At a given monochromatic frequency slice in the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] domain, the spatial data of the ideal unblended common receiver or offset-midpoint gather could be represented via a low-rank matrix. The interferences from the randomly and closely fired shots increased the rank of the aforementioned matrix. Therefore, we could minimize the misfit between the blended observation and the predicted blended data subject to a low-rank constraint that was applied to the data in the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] domain. The low-rank constraint could be implemented via the classic truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) or via a randomized QR decomposition (rQRd). The rQRd yielded nearly one order of processing time improvement with respect to the truncated SVD. We have also discovered that the rQRd was less stringent on the selection of the rank of the data. The latter was important because we often had no precise knowledge of the optimal rank that was required to represent the data. We adopted a synthetic 3D vertical seismic profile and a real seismic data set acquired at the North Viking Graben to test the performance of the proposed source separation algorithm. The proposed algorithm effectively eliminated the interferences while preserving the desired unblended signal. Especially for the synthetic vertical seismic profile example, experiments were evaluated under different survey time ratios. Our tests indicated that the proposed method could save up to 90% of acquisition time under a self-simultaneous source acquisition scenario.
One More Time with Feeling: Repetition, Reparation, and the Sentimental Subject in William Wells Brown’s Rewritings ofClotel
Authors: Soderberg Laura
Published: June 2016

The publication history of Clotel, which was rewritten and rereleased three times in twenty-five years, puts considerable strain on conventional readings of sentimental activism’s focus on the exceptional individual and private resolution. In the patterns of repetition and transformation that emerge from Brown’s self-duplication, I therefore argue that Clotel and its successors provide a new historiography of systemic trauma that is highly relevant to current debates on redress and reparations in the United States. Read together, this interlinked series reshapes what narrative can be, producing scenes that refuse to be marshalled into the discrete chronology of simple plot and a host of characters whose lives overlap and blur in their shared circumstances and joint wounds.
Chronicling Contemporary Latinidad
Authors: Hanna Monica
Published: June 2016

Some of the most compelling and widely consumed US Latin@ literature being produced at the turn of the twenty-first century is literary journalism in the form of the chronicle, a transnational and transhistorical genre that draws on US and Latin American literary traditions. This essay elucidates the genre’s contemporary contours in the work of US Latin@ writers, including Héctor Tobar, Sonia Nazario, Daniel Alarcón, and Daniel Hernandez, whose lives and writings traverse multiple American borders as they cover issues like undocumented migration, narcopolitics, and cultural assimilation. The essay argues that an examination of how this genre portrays the present and imagines the future allows for an investigation into the current shape, possibilities, and limits of Latinidad as imagined by US Latin@ writers. Studying the chronicle’s genealogies, areas of thematic focus, modes of community imagination, and reception and distribution, the essay explores the ways in which US Latin@ writers are engaging the transnational literary imagination to intervene in historical portrayals, political debates, and the shaping of a Latin@ identity that is still under construction in the United States. It pays particular attention to the intersections of nationality, citizenship, and class that complicate concepts of Latin@ hemispheric unity.
Three-dimensional visualisation of soft biological structures by X-ray computed micro-tomography
Authors: Shearer Tom , Bradley Robert S. , Hidalgo-Bastida L. Araida , Sherratt Michael J. , Cartmell Sarah H.
Published: June 2016

Whereas the two-dimensional (2D) visualisation of biological samples is routine, three-dimensional (3D) imaging remains a time-consuming and relatively specialised pursuit. Current commonly adopted techniques for characterising the 3D structure of non-calcified tissues and biomaterials include optical and electron microscopy of serial sections and sectioned block faces, and the visualisation of intact samples by confocal microscopy or electron tomography. As an alternative to these approaches, X-ray computed micro-tomography (microCT) can both rapidly image the internal 3D structure of macroscopic volumes at sub-micron resolutions and visualise dynamic changes in living tissues at a microsecond scale. In this Commentary, we discuss the history and current capabilities of microCT. To that end, we present four case studies to illustrate the ability of microCT to visualise and quantify: (1) pressure-induced changes in the internal structure of unstained rat arteries, (2) the differential morphology of stained collagen fascicles in tendon and ligament, (3) the development of Vanessa cardui chrysalises, and (4) the distribution of cells within a tissue-engineering construct. Future developments in detector design and the use of synchrotron X-ray sources might enable real-time 3D imaging of dynamically remodelling biological samples.
Validation of the near Infrared Spectroscopy Method for Determining Soil Organic Carbon by Employing a Proficiency Assay for Fertility Laboratories
Authors: de Souza André Marcelo , Filgueiras Paulo Roberto , Coelho Maurício Rizzato , Fontana Ademir , Winkler Thayane Christine Barbosa , Valderrama Patrícia , Poppi Ronei Jesus
Published: June 2016

Current research indicates that near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is the most promising alternative technique for the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) in laboratories worldwide and that it may serve as a total or partial replacement for the traditional wet chemistry methods. In this research, NIR spectroscopy was developed and validated as a method for the determination of SOC aiming to promote the use of NIR technology in the soil laboratories of Brazil as a routine analysis method. To this end, multivariate calibration models were constructed from a large number of soil samples (1490 samples) that encompassed the variability of Brazilian soils. These models were validated by submitting the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM) as determined by NIR spectroscopy to the proficiency assay for fertility laboratories, which is coordinated by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Soils). The proposed methodology using NIR spectroscopy received the excellence index of quality, which gives a certificate seal issued by the interlaboratory programme. Therefore, the robustness of the NIR method was proved in a conclusive way by a proficiency test programme dedicated to evaluating the reference method for SOM determination employed by over a hundred soil laboratories in Brazil.
The Religious Component of the World Meaning in the Mechanism of Individual’s Identification Processes
Authors: Салихова  , Salikhova Elvina , Мурсалимова  , Mursalimova Yu.
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study is to describe the religious component of the person’s

worldview. The results of association experiments enable us to reconstruct

the specifics of the actualization of the word’s psychological meaning in

the individual’s linguistic consciousness. This approach is perspective in

the study of associations for establishing the religious worldview in which

the linguistic division of the world is correlated with the typology of associative

fields. Language and religion, representing two different images of

the world, have in their structure different content both by volume and the

nature of the information, constituenting this knowledge and by its role and

place in the structure of social consciousness. Language and religion are

the ways of formation and existence of knowledge, and the combination of

this knowledge of reality, formed in general consciousness is a worldview.

In this material there is to show the mutual influence of religious and linguistic

worldviews by identifying and partial description of the religious meaning

of the word, which is defined as a content of a word, displaying in the mind

of an individual and fixing in it the mystical views, based on the faith in supernatural

forces and beings (gods, spirits). Subsequent stages of the study

of the religious component in the mechanism of identification processes in

the person’s linguistic consciousness involve a comparative study of verbal

associations on the material of a number of Turkic languages.