bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Amyloid β Oligomers Using a Keto Form of Curcumin Derivative in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yanagisawa Daijiro , Ibrahim Nor Faeizah , Taguchi Hiroyasu , Morikawa Shigehiro , Tomiyama Takami , Tooyama Ikuo
Published: March 2021

Recent evidence suggests that the formation of soluble amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates with high toxicity, such as oligomers and protofibrils, is a key event that causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, understanding the pathophysiological role of such soluble Aβ aggregates in the brain in vivo could be difficult due to the lack of a clinically available method to detect, visualize, and quantify soluble Aβ aggregates in the brain. We had synthesized a novel fluorinated curcumin derivative with a fixed keto form, named as Shiga-Y51, which exhibited high selectivity to Aβ oligomers in vitro. In this study, we investigated the in vivo detection of Aβ oligomers by fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Shiga-Y51 in an APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse model of AD. Significantly high levels of 19F signals were detected in the upper forebrain region of APP/PS1 mice compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, the highest levels of Aβ oligomers were detected in the upper forebrain region of APP/PS1 mice in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These findings suggested that 19F-MRI using Shiga-Y51 detected Aβ oligomers in the in vivo brain. Therefore, 19F-MRI using Shiga-Y51 with a 7 T MR scanner could be a powerful tool for imaging Aβ oligomers in the brain.
Direct Potentiometric Study of Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants in Disinfectants and Personal Care Products by New Surfactant Sensor Based on 1,3-Dihexadecyl−1H-benzo[d]imidazol−3-ium
Authors: Sakač Nikola , Marković Dean , Šarkanj Bojan , Madunić-Čačić Dubravka , Hajdek Krunoslav , Smoljan Božo , Jozanović Marija
Published: March 2021

A novel, simple, low-cost, and user-friendly potentiometric surfactant sensor based on the new 1,3-dihexadecyl−1H-benzo[d]imidazol−3-ium-tetraphenylborate (DHBI–TPB) ion-pair for the detection of cationic surfactants in personal care products and disinfectants is presented here. The new cationic surfactant DHBI-Br was successfully synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and elemental analysis and was further employed for DHBI–TPB ion-pair preparation. The sensor gave excellent response characteristics for CTAB, CPC and Hyamine with a Nernstian slope (57.1 to 59.1 mV/decade) whereas the lowest limit of detection (LOD) value was measured for CTAB (0.3 × 10−6 M). The sensor exhibited a fast dynamic response to dodecyl sulfate (DDS) and TPB. High sensor performances stayed intact regardless of the employment of inorganic and organic cations and in a broad pH range (2−11). Titration of cationic and etoxylated (EO)-nonionic surfactant (NSs) (in Ba2+) mixtures with TPB revealed the first inflexion point for a cationic surfactant and the second for an EO-nonionic surfactant. The increased concentration of EO-nonionic surfactants and the number of EO groups had a negative influence on titration curves and signal change. The sensor was successfully applied for the quantification of technical-grade cationic surfactants and in 12 personal care products and disinfectants. The results showed good agreement with the measurements obtained by a commercial surfactant sensor and by a two-phase titration. A good recovery for the standard addition method (98–102%) was observed.
Potential Risks of Plant Constituents in Dietary Supplements: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Peganum harmala Seeds
Authors: Calderoni Matilde , Altare Maddalena , Mastracci Luca , Grillo Federica , Cornara Laura , Pagano Aldo
Published: March 2021

The free online trading of herbal mixtures useful for various purposes facilitates the circulation of dangerous herbs or plant parts. This is the case, for example, of the illegal trade in seeds of Peganum harmala (Pgh), which contain alkaloids capable of inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) and are therefore used in hallucinogenic preparations, such as the psychedelic drink ayahuasca. The precise identification of these seeds and their distinction from other very similar but not dangerous seeds are necessary for forensic purposes and represents an advance in avoiding the adulteration of mixtures. In this work, we show the qualitative identification of Pgh seeds by optical and electron microscopy and the parallel development of a real-time qPCR test, which reveals, in a species-specific manner, the presence of Pgh DNA up to quantities lower than 1 pg. In addition to the species specificity and high sensitivity, the reaction accurately quantifies the presence of seeds or parts of seeds of Pgh in complex herbal mixtures, thus giving an indication of the danger or otherwise of the product.
Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots
Authors: Liu Xuelian , Chen Ting , Wang Qin , Liu Jiaai , Lu Yuhao , Shi Yan
Published: March 2021

Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam is a mangrove plant that spread in many parts of the world. Though mangrove plant polyphenols have been reported to exhibit many biological activities, little is known about mangrove plant tannins. To explore the application value of tannins from B. gymnorhiza, analyses on the structure and biological activity of condensed tannins (CTs) from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam were carried out. The results from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed that the CTs were dominated by procyanidins, with a small quantity of prodelphinidins and propelargonidins; and that the monomeric constituents of B. gymnorhiza tannins were catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin and afzelechin/epiafzelechin. The CTs were reversible and mixed competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was estimated to be 123.90 ± 0.140 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities of CTs from B. gymnorhiza leaves were evaluated, the IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) scavenging activities were 88.81 ± 0.135 and 105.03 ± 0.130 μg/mL, respectively, and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value was 1052.27 ± 4.17 mgAAE/g. In addition, the results from fresh-keeping assays on fresh-cut lotus root reveal that CTs from B. gymnorhiza had excellent effects on inhibiting the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), protecting fresh-cut lotus root from the oxidation of total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and slowing the increase in total phenol content (TPC) at 4 °C during the whole storage period. Therefore, CTs showed good effects against the browning of fresh-cut lotus root. Together, these results suggested that B. gymnorhiza CTs are promising antibrowning agents for fresh-cut fruits.
Characterisation of Engineered Nanomaterials in Nano-Enabled Products Exhibiting Priority Environmental Exposure
Authors: Lehutso Raisibe Florence , Tancu Yolanda , Maity Arjun , Thwala Melusi
Published: March 2021

Analytical limitations have constrained the determination of nanopollution character from real-world sources such as nano-enabled products (NEPs), thus hindering the development of environmental safety guidelines for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). This study examined the properties of ENMs in 18 commercial products: sunscreens, personal care products, clothing, and paints—products exhibiting medium to a high potential for environmental nanopollution. It was found that 17 of the products contained ENMs; 9, 3, 3, and 2 were incorporated with nTiO2, nAg, binaries of nZnO + nTiO2, and nTiO2 + nAg, respectively. Commonly, the nTiO2 were elongated or angular, whereas nAg and nZnO were near-spherical and angular in morphology, respectively. The size ranges (width × length) were 7–48 × 14–200, 34–35 × 37–38, and 18–28 nm for nTiO2, nZnO, and nAg respectively. All ENMs were negatively charged. The total concentration of Ti, Zn, and Ag in the NEPs were 2.3 × 10−4–4.3%, 3.4–4.3%, and 1.0 × 10−4–11.3 × 10−3%, respectively. The study determined some key ENM characteristics required for environmental risk assessment; however, challenges persist regarding the accurate determination of the concentration in NEPs. Overall, the study confirmed NEPs as actual sources of nanopollution; hence, scenario-specific efforts are recommended to quantify their loads into water resources.
Multi-Class Procedure for Analysis of 50 Antibacterial Compounds in Eggshells Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Gajda Anna , Nowacka-Kozak Ewelina , Łebkowska-Wieruszewska Beata , Posyniak Andrzej
Published: March 2021

In this work, for the first time, Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of veterinary antibiotics (cephalosporins, diaminopyrimidines, fluoro(quinolones), lincosamides, macrolides, penicillins, pleuromutilins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and sulfones) in hen eggshells. The sample preparation method is based on a liquid–liquid extraction with a mixture of metaphosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, EDTA disodium salt dihydrate, and acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was performed on Luna® Omega Polar C18 10 column in gradient elution mode and quantitated in an 8 min run. Validation such as linearity, selectivity, precision, recovery, matrix effect, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) was found to be within the acceptance criteria of the validation guidelines of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and EUR 28099 EN. Average recoveries ranged from 81–120%. The calculated LOQ values ranged from 1 to 10 µg/kg, the LOD values ranged from 0.3 to 4.0 µg/kg, depending on analyte. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of antibacterial compounds in hen eggshell samples obtained from different sources. The results revealed that enrofloxacin, lincomycin, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline were detected in hen eggshell samples.
Development, Validation, and Comparison of Two Mass Spectrometry Methods (LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS) for the Quantification of Rituximab in Human Plasma
Authors: Millet Aurélien , Khoudour Nihel , Lebert Dorothée , Machon Christelle , Terrier Benjamin , Blanchet Benoit , Guitton Jérôme
Published: March 2021

Rituximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1-kappa (IgG1κ) antibody targeting the CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes. Its applications are various, such as for the treatment of chronic lymphoid leukemia or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in oncology, and it can also be used in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. Several studies support the interest in therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize dosing regimens of rituximab. Thus, two different laboratories have developed accurate and reproductive methods to quantify rituximab in human plasma: one using liquid chromatography quadripolar tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) and the other, liquid chromatography orbitrap tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/HRMS). For both assays, quantification was based on albumin depletion or IgG-immunocapture, surrogate peptide analysis, and full-length stable isotope-labeled rituximab. With LC-MS/MS, the concentration range was from 5 to 500 µg/mL, the within- and between-run precisions were <8.5%, and the limit of quantitation was 5 µg/mL. With LC-MS/HRMS, the concentration range was from 10 to 200 µg/mL, the within- and between-run accuracy were <11.5%, and the limit of quantitation was 2 µg/mL. Rituximab plasma concentrations from 63 patients treated for vasculitis were compared. Bland–Altman analysis and Passing–Bablok regression showed the interchangeability between these two methods. Overall, these methods were robust and reliable and could be applied to routine clinical samples.
Microorganisms as a Potential Source of Molecules to Control Trypanosomatid Diseases
Authors: Chan-Bacab Manuel Jesús , Reyes-Estebanez María Manuela , Camacho-Chab Juan Carlos , Ortega-Morales Benjamín Otto
Published: March 2021

Trypanosomatids are the causative agents of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, which affect about 20 million people in the world’s poorest countries, leading to 95,000 deaths per year. They are often associated with malnutrition, weak immune systems, low quality housing, and population migration. They are generally recognized as neglected tropical diseases. New drugs against these parasitic protozoa are urgently needed to counteract drug resistance, toxicity, and the high cost of commercially available drugs. Microbial bioprospecting for new molecules may play a crucial role in developing a new generation of antiparasitic drugs. This article reviews the current state of the available literature on chemically defined metabolites of microbial origin that have demonstrated antitrypanosomatid activity. In this review, bacterial and fungal metabolites are presented; they originate from a range of microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, and filamentous fungi. We hope to provide a useful overview for future research to identify hits that may become the lead compounds needed to accelerate the discovery of new drugs against trypanosomatids.
Psychoactive Substances of Natural Origin: Toxicological Aspects, Therapeutic Properties and Analysis in Biological Samples
Authors: Gonçalves Joana , Luís Ângelo , Gallardo Eugenia , Duarte Ana Paula
Published: March 2021

The consumption of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) has been increasing, and this problem affects several countries worldwide. There is a class of NPSs of natural origin, consisting of plants and fungi, which have a wide range of alkaloids, responsible for causing relaxing, stimulating or hallucinogenic effects. The consumption of some of these substances is prompted by religious beliefs and cultural reasons, making the legislation very variable or even ambiguous. However, the abusive consumption of these substances can present an enormous risk to the health of the individuals, since their metabolism and effects are not yet fully known. Additionally, NPSs are widely spread over the internet, and their appearance is very fast, which requires the development of sophisticated analytical methodologies, capable of detecting these compounds. Thus, the objective of this work is to review the toxicological aspects, traditional use/therapeutic potential and the analytical methods developed in biological matrices in twelve plant specimens (Areca catechu, Argyreia nervosa, Ayahuasca, Catha edulis, Datura stramonium, Lophophora williamsii, Mandragora officinarum, Mitragyna speciosa, Piper methysticum Forst, Psilocybe, Salvia divinorum and Tabernanthe iboga).
Chemical Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Buffalo Mozzarella Cheese Produced with Fresh and Frozen Curd
Authors: Rinaldi Simona , Palocci Giuliano , Di Giovanni Sabrina , Iacurto Miriam , Tripaldi Carmela
Published: March 2021

Milk and dairy products can have variable contents of antioxidant compounds that contribute to counteract the oxidation of lipids and proteins during processing and storage. The content of active antioxidant compounds is closely linked to their protection by oxidation. Freezing is one of the factors that can reduce antioxidant activity. Freezing of milk or curd is frequently used in case of the seasonality of milk production and/or seasonal increased demand for some products. In this paper, the effect of using frozen curd on the oxidative stability of buffalo Mozzarella cheese was evaluated. Samples of buffalo Mozzarella with different frozen curd content (0%, 5%, 20%, and 50%) were produced and analyzed at one and nine days. Mozzarella cheese with higher frozen curd content had a significant increase in redox potential parallel to the decrease in antioxidant activity, showing less protection from oxidation. Lipid and protein oxidation, expressed respectively by malondialdehyde and carbonyl content, increased significantly with increasing frozen curd. At nine days, carbonyls significantly increased while malondialdehyde content did not vary, showing that during storage, fat was more protected from oxidation than protein. The average carbonyl levels were comparable to those of some cooked cheeses, and the malondialdehyde levels were even lower. The results of this study stimulate the investigation of new strategies to decrease the oxidative damage in cheeses produced in the presence of factors decreasing oxidative stability.
Physicochemical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Pectin Extracted from Sugar Beet Pulp Using Subcritical Water Extraction Process
Authors: Peighambardoust Seyed Hadi , Jafarzadeh-Moghaddam Maryam , Pateiro Mirian , Lorenzo José M. , Domínguez Rubén
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp using subcritical water (SWE) as compared to conventional extraction (CE). The research involved advanced modeling using response surface methodology and optimization of operational parameters. The optimal conditions for maximum yield of pectin for SWE and CE methods were determined by the central composite design. The optimum conditions of CE were the temperature of 90 °C, time of 240 min, pH of 1, and pectin recovery yield of 20.8%. The optimal SWE conditions were liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of 30% (v/w) at temperature of 130 °C for 20 min, which resulted in a comparable yield of 20.7%. The effect of obtained pectins on viscoamylograph pasting and DSC thermal parameters of corn starch was evaluated. The contents of galacturonic acid, degree of methylation, acetylation, and ferulic acid content were higher in the pectin extracted by SWE, while the molecular weight was lower. Similar chemical groups were characterized by FTIR in both SWE and CE pectins. Color attributes of both pectins were similar. Solutions of pectins at lower concentrations displayed nearly Newtonian behavior. The addition of both pectins to corn starch decreased pasting and DSC gelatinization parameters, but increased ΔH. The results offered a promising scalable approach to convert the beet waste to pectin as a value-added product using SWE with improved pectin properties.
Theoretical Insight into the Reversal of Chemoselectivity in Diels-Alder Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Brønsted and Lewis Acids
Authors: Benhamed Lakhdar , Mekelleche Sidi Mohamed , Benchouk Wafaa
Published: March 2021

Experimentally, a reversal of chemoselectivity has been observed in catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (e.g., (2E)-but-2-enal) and ketones (e.g., 2-hexen-4-one) with cyclopentadiene. Indeed, using the triflimidic Brønsted acid Tf2NH as catalyst, the reaction gave a Diels–Alder adduct derived from α,β-unsaturated ketone as a major product. On the other hand, the use of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane B(C6F5)3 bulky Lewis acid as catalyst gave mainly the cycloadduct of α,β-unsaturated aldehyde as a major product. Our aim in the present work is to put in evidence the role of the catalyst in the reversal of the chemoselectivity of the catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions of (2E)-but-2-enal and 2-Hexen-4-one with cyclopentadiene. The calculations were performed at the ωB97XD/6-311G(d,p) level of theory and the solvent effects of dichloromethane were taken into account using the PCM solvation model. The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental outcomes.
Cosmological Constraints on the Coupling Model from Observational Hubble Parameter and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements
Authors: Cao Shulei , Zhang Tong-Jie , Wang Xinya , Zhang Tingting
Published: March 2021

In the paper, we consider two models in which dark energy is coupled with either dust matter or dark matter, and discuss the conditions that allow more time for structure formation to take place at high redshifts. These models are expected to have a larger age of the universe than that of ΛCDM [universe consists of cold dark matter (CDM) and dark energy (a cosmological constant, Λ)], so it can explain the formation of high redshift gravitationally bound systems which the ΛCDM model cannot interpret. We use the observational Hubble parameter data (OHD) and Hubble parameter obtained from cosmic chronometers method (H(z)) in combination with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data to constrain these models. With the best-fitting parameters, we discuss how the age, the deceleration parameter, and the energy density parameters evolve in the new universes, and compare them with that of ΛCDM.
Transport Properties of Superfluid Phonons in Neutron Stars
Authors: Manuel Cristina , Tolos Laura
Published: March 2021

We review the effective field theory associated with the superfluid phonons that we use for the study of transport properties in the core of superfluid neutrons stars in their low temperature regime. We then discuss the shear and bulk viscosities together with the thermal conductivity coming from the collisions of superfluid phonons in neutron stars. With regard to shear, bulk, and thermal transport coefficients, the phonon collisional processes are obtained in terms of the equation of state and the superfluid gap. We compare the shear coefficient due to the interaction among superfluid phonons with other dominant processes in neutron stars, such as electron collisions. We also analyze the possible consequences for the r-mode instability in neutron stars. As for the bulk viscosities, we determine that phonon collisions contribute decisively to the bulk viscosities inside neutron stars. For the thermal conductivity resulting from phonon collisions, we find that it is temperature independent well below the transition temperature. We also obtain that the thermal conductivity due to superfluid phonons dominates over the one resulting from electron-muon interactions once phonons are in the hydrodynamic regime. As the phonons couple to the Z electroweak gauge boson, we estimate the associated neutrino emissivity. We also briefly comment on how the superfluid phonon interactions are modified in the presence of a gravitational field or in a moving background.
Analysis of immediate implant placement tactics for maxilla central incisors replacement
Authors: Rozov R. A. , Trezubov V. N. , Gerasimov A. B. , Fedotova A. A. , Gamborena I.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Immediate implant placement with immediate temporisation is method of choice in case of central incisors extractions. In nowadays there are many protocols aimed on optimisation of the immediate prosthetic result. Some of them are based on using CAD/CAM technology, others stress the importance of peri-implant grafting procedures as a means of clinical success. The aim of the study is to analyse tactic of treatment in cases of immediate implant prosthetic replacement of maxilla central incisors using assessment of clinical example and elaboration of the optimal treatment option. Materials and methods. We conducted the evaluation of the 54 year old male patient with the use of clinical and paraclinical examination methods (OPG, CBCT). Implant placement in the position of the teeth 1.1, 2.1 was performed utilising new NobelParallel Conical Connection TiUltra (NobelBiocare, USA) 4.3*13 mm followed by implant supported Procera Zirconia prosthesis. We used international indices PES and it’s modification WES for the assessment of the achieved results. Results. The final result received following scores: PES index = 7, WES index = 8. Conclusion. Choice of implant design is a major influencing factor on the immediate implant placement prognosis. Utilising Nobel Active implant in the described clinical situation combining its placement with grafting of the connective tissue taken from the tuberosity area led to the decrease in total treatment time and achievement of the superior esthetic and functional result.
The role of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in extraction socket healing
Authors: Erokina N. L. , Lepilin A. V. , Mironov A. Yu. , Zakharova N. B. , Fishtchev S. B.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Reparative processes in the extraction socket include hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodelling. These processes are caused by mediators which determine interactions in the immunoregulatory, cytokine network. After the tooth extraction, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators are unbalanced. The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils releasing lysosomal enzymes increases in the surrounding tissues, and it leads to cleaning of the extraction socket from the damaged tissues and microorganisms. The growth factors are of great importance for reparative processes. The level of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in biological fluids is the assessment criterium of various physiological and pathological processes and effectiveness of the treatment procedures. Purpose – to assess the activity of the wound healing processes by studying the level of cytokines/ chemokines and growth factors in the extraction socket. Materials and methods. The data received on examination of 40 patients was used in the study. 20 of the patients had their teeth extracted for chronic periodontitis and the socket healing was studied by clinical and laboratory findings (seven mediators of immunoregulatory processes were studied). The comparison group consisted of 20 subjects without periodontal pathology. Results. Clinical data, typical for the normal socket healing, are characterized by the certain content of immunoregulatory mediators (IL1β and IL6 – proinflammatory cytokines, IL8 and MCP1 – chemokines, RAIL1 – anti-inflammatory cytokine, VEGF and TGFβ1- growth factors). The content of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was detected to increase in the socket on the first day after the extraction, which indicates the activity of the local inflammatory process. The level of RAIL 1 and VEGF and TGFβ1 growth factors increases in the extraction socket five days later. Conclusion. The post-surgical activity of the inflammatory and regenerative processes in the tissues is revealed by the level of cytokines/ chemokines on the first day after surgery and the level of growth factors and RAIL1 in the socket discharge on the fifth day after surgery.
Effectiveness of xylitol and alginate containing toothpaste in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and type II diabetes suffering from xerostomia
Authors: Kulik I. V. , Soboleva T. U. , Khromova E. A. , Gordeeva V. A. , Yevseeva I. K. , Gordeeva M. V.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Dental disease management in type II diabetic patients suffering from xerostomia and an effective selection of oral care products moisturizing the mucus membrane have been a crucial problem for a long time. Typical for xerostomia symptoms such as dry mouth, burning tongue, pain during swallowing and eating solid food disorder interfere with choosing effective hygiene measures. The selection of a proper toothpaste that can help in effectively maintaining moisture environment in the mouth, and create comfort in the oral cavity plays a significant role.The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a toothpaste containing xylitol and alginate (R.О.С.S.) in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and type II diabetes, suffering from xerostomia. Materials and methods. 40 patients, (mean age 58 ± 5.1 years, min = 52.5, max = 64) with moderate GCP and type II diabetes, suffering from xerostomia were studied. All patients underwent questioning, dental examination, periodontal status scoring, salivary flow rate assessment and saliva pH test. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: experiment and control. Monitoring was carried out for 3 months. All patients received professional tooth cleaning, after which the experimental group was instructed to use a toothpaste containing xylitol and alginate during three months, while the control groups was instructed to keep using their own toothpaste. Patients were reexamined after 3 months. Results. The experimental group which used the xylitol and alginate toothpaste demonstrated improvement in all parameters: periodontal status, salivary flow rate and saliva pH in comparison with the control group. No irritating effect on the sensitive mucous membrane was recorded. Conclusion. The presence of xylitol, alginate and a natural plant component (chamomile extract) in the toothpaste seem to provide notable anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects. The tested toothpaste contains no antiseptics, fragrances or detergents. The absence of irritating effect on the sensitive mucous membrane allows its use without limiting the duration of use.
ВЗАЄМОДІЯ ОРГАНІВ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ З НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЮ ПОЛІЦІЄЮ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Нечитайленко А. О. , Нечитайленко В. А.
Published: March 2021

У статті на основі аналізу норм чинного законодавства та практики його реалізації, а також наукових праць з дослідження правових проблем забезпечення екологічної безпеки нашої держави розглянуто основні напрями і форми взаємодії органів екологічного контролю з підрозділами Національної поліції України, виявлено проблеми правового регулювання цієї взаємодії та вносяться пропозиції щодо підвищення її ефективності.
Meeting Assistant System Berbasis Teknologi Speech-to-Text
Authors: Soesanto Daniel , Hartanto Budi , Melisa
Published: March 2021

Kegiatan rapat merupakan hal yang dilakukan secara berkala di setiap organisasi. Rapat tersebut diselenggarakan dengan tujuan untuk menyampaikan perkembangan tugas setiap divisi yang akan dicatat oleh seorang notulis. Pencatatan tersebut digunakan sebagai arsip organisasi yang biasanya disebut notulen rapat. Namun terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam penyusunan notulen rapat. Salah satu kendala tersebut misalnya notulis berhalangan hadir dalam rapat sehingga dibutuhkan orang yang menggantikan posisi notulis. Kendala lainnya adalah kecepatan mengetik atau menulis dari notulis yang belum tentu dapat menyamai kecepatan pembahasan dalam rapat, sehingga ada resiko informasi yang terlewat. Oleh sebab itu, dikembangkan sebuah sistem asisten rapat berbasis teknologi speech-to-text dari Google Cloud API. Tujuan dari pengembangan sistem ini adalah untuk mempermudah proses pembuatan notulen dengan melakukan ekstraksi kata-kata penting dari suatu rapat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem asisten rapat dapat menangani perekaman dan pengambilan percakapan penting secara ekstraktif. Sistem dapat mencapai akurasi tertinggi sebesar 81,3% ketika kualitas percakapan peserta memiliki struktur kalimat yang baik serta konteks pembahasan agenda terstruktur dengan baik.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pembuatan Peraturan Perusahaan (3P) Pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kota Samarinda Dengan Metode Rapid Application Development
Authors: Natasia Sri Rahayu , Harjanto Brianto Rovi , Ariyadi
Published: March 2021

Dinas Tenaga Kerja (DISNAKER) Kota Samarinda merupakan salah satu Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) yang bertugas untuk melayani masyarakat pada bidangnya. Salah satu layanan di DISNAKER yaitu pembuatan peraturan perusahaan, dimana proses pembuatannya masih secara manual. Diawali perusahaan membawa berkas-berkas yang diperlukan ke DISNAKER, kemudian perusahaan menunggu sekitar 3-4 hari atau bahkan lebih yang dikarenakan tertumpuknya berkas-berkas. Jika dikabarkan kekurangan berkas atau revisi, maka perusahaan tersebut perlu melengkapi atau merevisi dan memberikan kembali ke DISNAKER. Hal ini tentunya membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam proses pembuatan peraturan perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk merancang dan membangun Sistem Informasi Pembuatan Peraturan Perusahaan (3P) berbasis website dengan menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Metode RAD memiliki 4 fase dalam pembangunan sistem yaitu, fase perencanaan syarat-syarat, fase desain pengguna, fase konstruksi, dan fase pelaksana. Sistem yang telah dibuat berhasil membuat surat keputusan sesuai dengan perusahaan yang mengajukan, dimana surat keputusan merupakan surat yang menyatakan peraturan perusahaan tersebut telah disetujui. Dengan demikian sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu perusahaan dalam pembuatan peraturan perusahaan tanpa datang ke DISNAKER dan mengurangi biaya mencetak berkas serta dapat membantu DISNAKER mempercepat pembuatan peraturan perusahaan.
Audit Sistem Pendataan Keluarga Menggunakan Pendekatan Framework COBIT 5 Pada Domain DSS (Studi Kasus: BKKBN Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Nurhuda Angga Maulana , Philipus Ervan , Gunawan Ivan
Published: March 2021

Peran sistem pendataan keluarga dalam rangka mendukung pencapaian program BANGGAKENCANA pada BKKBN Propinsi Jawa Barat adalah untuk menyediakan data dasar sebagai perencanaan strategis, peta kerja, maupun pemetaan mekanisme operasional menjadi krusial untuk menopang keberhasilan program. Untuk memastikan delivery produk, layanan, dan dukungan yang dihasilkan perlu dilakukan evaluasi sehingga dapat menghasilkan tata kelola sistem pendataan keluarga yang lebih optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh ukuran capability level proses TI saat ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan yang diharapkan sehingga dapat diperoleh kesenjangan guna penyusunan rekomendasi yang dapat diimplementasikan pada Siklus Sistem Pendataan Keluarga Tahun 2021 dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 5. Data yang diperoleh bersumber dari responden yang berwenang dan kompeten berdasarkan pemetaan diagram RACI pada COBIT 5. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa dari 6 proses terpilih pada domain DSS terdapat 4 proses yang mencapai level 1 (performed) dan 2 proses yang berhasil mencapai level 2 (managed process). Tingkat kemampuan manajemen TI yang diharapkan berada pada level 3 sehingga GAP muncul di semua domain yang bermakna saat ini organisasi belum sepenuhnya mengimplementasikan proses yang ditetapkan untuk mencapai tujuan proses. Dari seluruh rangkaian penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa diperoleh nilai level kapabilitas sebesar 1,33 dan terdapat GAP sebesar 1,67 untuk mencapai level yang diharapkan. Dalam penelitian ini disampaikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas proses sehingga BKKBN Propinsi Jawa Barat dapat mencapai tingkat kapabilitas yang diharapkan.
Prediction of Covid-19 Daily Case in Indonesia Using Long Short Term Memory Method
Authors: Adhinata Faisal Dharma , Rakhmadani Diovianto Putra
Published: March 2021

The impact of this pandemic affects various sectors in Indonesia, especially in the economic sector, due to the large-scale social restrictions policy to suppress this case's growth. The details of the growth of Covid-19 in Indonesia are still fluctuating and cannot be fully understood. Recently it has been developed by researchers related to the prediction of Covid-19 cases in various countries. One of them is using a machine learning technique approach to predict cases of daily increase Covid-19. However, the use of machine learning techniques results in the MSE error value in the thousands. This high number indicates that the prediction data using the model is still a high error rate compared to the actual data. In this study, we propose a deep learning approach using the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) method to build a prediction model for the daily increase cases of Covid-19. This study's LSTM model architecture uses the LSTM layer, Dropout layer, Dense, and Linear Activation Function. Based on various hyperparameter experiments, using the number of neurons 10, batch size 32, and epochs 50, the MSE values were 0.0308, RMSE 0.1758, and MAE 0.13. These results prove that the deep learning approach produces a smaller error value than machine learning techniques, even closer to zero.
Typification of Three Names in the Genus Periploca (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo
Published: March 2021

Three names in the genus Periploca L. are discussed and typified. A specimen preserved at BM and collected by Francis Masson in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) is designated as the neotype of the name P. laevigata Aiton. A Cavanilles illustration is designated as the lectotype of P. punicifolia Cav., a synonym of P. laevigata. Furthermore, a “second-step” lectotypification is published for the name P. angustifolia Labill.
Theories and Principles of Theology in the Kuruntokai
Authors: A Sri Janani
Published: March 2021

The Kuruntokai of the ancient Tamil deities worshipped by Murugan, Surthaivam, Korravai, Kollipaavai and others is known from the Kuruntokai. The Velan fanaticism is found in the Sangam literature. This study is conducted in a way that explains the principles of theology found in the Sangam literature. The story of the Velan rampage, the worship of Korravai, the surat worship and the dance of women in the short story has explained this article.
WATER INTAKE APPLET BASED ON HUMAN EXCREMENT
Authors: Swastika Nadine , Hasuki Winda , Savero Sava , Satya Putri , Parikesit Arli Aditya
Published: March 2021

In order to function properly the human body requires adequate hydration due to 70% of the human body being built up by water with lots of chemical reactions involved in order to work optimally throughout the day. This paper presents an idea to make a water intake app based on human excrement surveillance. It might be a solution to intensify people's ability to become self-conscious when drinking less water by surveying the excreted substance. Currently, available software that measures one indicator which is between urine and feces detector on how much water should the user drink. But actually, both excrement indicators are needed to detect users' drinking amount. If one of these indicators shows a bad result, it could lead to water intoxication or hydration. The application was created using Python to give feedback regarding the user's water intake based on the condition of their excreted substance.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Tera-Tera untuk ‎Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa pada Materi Larutan ‎Penyangga
Authors: Pakuna Nurpepi , Iyabu Hendri , Duengo Suleman
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji validitas media pembelajaran tera-tera untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Adapun tahap tersebut yaitu: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluasi. Namun, dalam penelitian ini hanya sampai tahap development. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan lembar validasi penilaian kelayakan media pembelajaran tera-tera. Kelayakan media tera-tera dinilai oleh 4 orang validator ahli yaitu 3 orang dosen kimia UNG dan 1 orang guru SMA. Hasil validasi pengembangan media pembelajaran tera-tera diperoleh persentase rata-rata 90,00% dengan kriteria sangat valid untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa media pembelajaran tera-tera yang dikembangkan sangat layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran materi larutan penyangga.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poor: Insights from the Hrishipara diaries
Authors: Rönkkö Risto , Rutherford Stuart , Sen Kunal
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we examine the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livelihoods of the poor. We use an unusually rich data set from a ‘financial diaries’ study known as the Hrishipara Daily Diaries Project. The data set tracks the economic and financial transactions of 60 individuals and their families in a semi-rural setting in Bangladesh on a real-time basis from October 2019 to September 2020. We document individual diarists’ behavioural responses to COVID-19, which reveal the varied experiences of the poor during the pandemic. We find that the pandemic and associated government lockdowns had significant negative effects on the livelihoods of the poor in our study, with financial inflows and outflows, incomes, and household expenditures below pre-pandemic levels during the pandemic period. To cope with the pandemic, households drew down on their cash reserves at home, as well as cutting down on non-food expenditures to protect their spending on food.
The role of skills and tasks in changing employment trends and income inequality in Chile
Authors: Zapata-Román Gabriela
Published: March 2021

Using decomposition methods, we analyse the role of the changing nature of work in explaining changes in employment, wage inequality, and job polarization in Chile from 1992 to 2017. Changes in occupational structure confirm a displacement of workers from low-skill occupations towards jobs demanding non-routine higher skills (professionals and technicians), and to jobs demanding routine manual and cognitive tasks (services and sales). Changes in occupational earnings have had an equalizing effect, with more substantial gains in favour of lower-skill occupations and also at the top of the skill premium. Inequality reductions since the 2000s are explained by a fall in earnings in the top percentiles of the distribution, which have been reallocated most noticeably around the median (2000–06) and the bottom 30 per cent (2006–17). Changes in the returns to education and the relocation of workers towards less-routine occupations have contributed to the inequality reduction.
Heterogeneous informality in Costa Rica and Nicaragua
Authors: Alaniz Enrique , Gindling T.H. , Mata Catherine , Rojas Diego
Published: March 2021

Informal work is often considered a place of employment for marginalized and vulnerable workers who have been rationed out of preferred formal work. However, informality can also be seen as a dynamic sector that budding entrepreneurs and those looking for flexible working conditions enter voluntarily. We use the methodology developed in Günther and Launov (2012) to test for the voluntary and involuntary nature of informal work in Nicaragua and Costa Rica, without making ad hoc assumptions about labour market segmentation and self-selection. We find evidence of heterogeneous informality in both Nicaragua and Costa Rica, with one informal sub-segment where most workers are voluntarily informal and another informal sub-segment where most workers are involuntarily informal. In Nicaragua, our results suggest that 44 per cent of wage employees are involuntarily informal, while 30 per cent of self-employed workers are involuntarily informal. In Costa Rica, our results suggest that 10 per cent of wage employees are involuntarily informal, and that 66 per cent of the self-employed are involuntarily informal.
Implikasi Hukum Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Transaksi Akad Bai’As-Salam (Pre Order) dalam Transaksi Dropship
Authors: Tektona Rahmadi Indra , Putra Risqullah Cahyanan
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus Disease-19 atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah COVID-19 merupakan virus yang muncul pada akhir tahun 2019. Virus tersebut mempengaruhi hampir seluruh sektor kehidupan manusia di berbagai negara pada tahun 2020. Penyebarannya yang sangat cepat dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi sebuah negara. Beberapa sektor akan terkena dampak dari adanya virus ini seperti sektor ekonomi, pariwisata, dan budaya. Indonesia juga dipastikan terkena dampaknya. Salah satu sektor yang dipastikan adalah sektor perekonomian, yang merujuk pada ekonomi syariah yang dalam hal jual beli akad as-salam (pre order). Dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari penyebaran Coronavirus Disease-19 ini ialah adanya keterlambatan pengiriman barang. Terlebih setelah pemerintah memutuskan untuk mengeluarkan himbauan terkait physical distancing dan WFH atau Work From Home, masyarakat semakin giat melakukan kegiatan jual beli secara online. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena masyarakat merasa perlu untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya sehari-hari dengan demikian hal tersebut dapat menguntungkan beberapa pihak. Tetapi, perlu pula memperhatikan kepastian terhadap melakukan jual beli online secara pre order agar tidak menimbulkan perselisihan yang beresiko terjadinya penipuan.
Kebijakan Pengaturan Pajak Hotel dan Pajak Restoran Sebagai Dampak Wabah Covid-19 dalam Rangka Pemenuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah
Authors: Paramitha Amelia Ayu
Published: March 2021

Covid-19 berimplikasi pada segi sosial, pertumbuhan ekonomi, penurunan penerimaan negara dan daerah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang mengalami kelambatan sehingga pendapatan negara maupun daerah tidak mencapai target yang diinginkan. Pemerintah tidak hanya melakukan tindakan upaya kesehatan dan penanganan wabah ini tetapi juga melakukan upaya ekonomi yang tetap harus berjalan dalam  kondisi pandemi melalui kebijakan dan langkah besar yang dilakukan. Pemerintah Pusat mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Kebijakan Keuangan Negara dan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 dan masing-masing daerah mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan-kebijakan terkait dengan pemenuhan pendapatan asli daerah, terlebih lagi bagi Kota Malang yang juga terdampak terkait dengan  pengaturan pajak daerah yaitu pajak hotel dan pajak restoran yang memberikan sumbangsih besar terhadap PAD Kota Malang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini melihat apa implikasi terhadap kondisi eksisting penurunan tarif pajak hotel dan restoran di Kota Malang dalam kondisi pandemi saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dan dengan jenis pendekatan penelitian pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian mengenai implikasi kondisi di Kota Malang dan upaya  Pemerintah Kota Malang untuk menanggulangi penurunan PAD melalui kebijakan-kebijakan yang diberikan salah satunya memberikan keringanan kepada wajib pajak hotel dan restoran dalam kondisi pandemi dan memberikan kebebasan dalam pembayaran denda pajak bagi pihak hotel dan restoran yang tentunya disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan persyaratan tertentu sehingga PAD Kota Malang dari sector pajak daerah tetap berjalan dan mampu memenuhi target yang telah ditentukan sebagaimana mestinya.
O jogo das emoções
Authors: Carvalho Cristiane Mafacioli , Götz Ciro Augusto Francisconi
Published: March 2021

Este estudo apresenta a análise de discurso das estratégias utilizadas pelo narrador da Rádio Gaúcha, Pedro Ernesto Denardin, para referenciar ou aludir aos patrocinadores da equipe esportiva da emissora, durante o jogo Brasil e Costa Rica, pela Copa do Mundo da Rússia de 2018, apesar das limitações comerciais determinadas pela FIFA. O seguinte artigo reflete sob a ótica do autor francês Patrick Charaudeau (2010), a partir dos conceitos de sujeitos de linguagem e visadas discursivas, compreendidos no âmbito do rádio como encenação, e pela perspectiva da autora Maria Lília Dias de Castro (2008), acercadas práticas do embaralhamento do discurso promocional. Para melhor compreender o contexto discursivo e suas opções estratégicas, o estudo executar uma análise comparativa com outra narração realizada por Denardin, a partir do texto discursivo da disputa da final da Recopa Sul-Americana, entre Grêmio e Independiente, um tipo de torneio em que não se limita a exposição de apoiadores.
Quando um treinador substitui o nome do clube
Authors: Santos Anderson David Gomes dos , Borges Mellyna Andréa Reis dos Santos , Figueiredo Sobrinho Carlos  Peres de
Published: March 2021

Quando Rogério Ceni foi anunciado como novo técnico do Fortaleza Esporte Clube para a temporada de 2018 houve surpresa no futebol brasileiro. Ex-goleiro e um dos maiores ídolos do São Paulo Futebol Clube, ele começou a carreira de treinador na equipe em que jogou, imaginava-se que seguisse em clubes do Sudeste ou do Sul, que têm maior capital simbólico e cobertura midiática. Títulos da Série B (2018), Campeonato Cearense (2019) e Copa do Nordeste (2019) transformaram Ceni num dos principais técnicos da história do Fortaleza. Mas só isso bastava para tratar o clube como “Time de Ceni” em títulos de notícias ou tuítes na internet? Para discutir a cobertura esportiva atual, mais voltada ao infoentretenimento e à atração do público a partir de caça-cliques (clickbait), com foco na representação dos clubes do Nordeste, que este artigo analisa tuítes de sites noticiosos nacionais a partir do uso de “Time de Ceni”.