bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VAGINAL LACTOBACILLI REGULATE THE ACTIVITY OF MURAMIDASE VIA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND SURFACTANTS
Authors: Sgibnev A. V. , Kremleva E. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluation of the effect of metabolites of vaginal lactobacilli on the enzymatic and bactericidal activity of muramidase. Materials and methods. We investigated how the enzymatic and bactericidal activity of muramidase changes after treatment with supernatants of lactobacilli containing surfactants, hydrogen peroxide, or a combination thereof. The enzymatic activity was measured by the rate of Micrococcus luteus lysis, bactericidal activity for test strains of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus by results of seeding on agar plates. Results. The hydrogen peroxide and surfactants reduced the enzymatic activity of lysozyme. Bactericidal activity of lysozyme against L. acidophilus and E. coli was decreased under the influence of surfactants. Hydrogen peroxide and its combinations with surfactants decreased bactericidal activity of lysozyme against L. acidophilus and increased for E. coli. Low concentrations of surfactants potentiated the effect of H2O2 on the antibacterial activity of lysozyme. Conclusion. It is concluded that the metabolites of the normal microflora is a implement for modification of host defense factors in order to create favorable conditions for its own existence, and prevent introduction of allochthonous species.
LARGE INTESTINE NORMOBIOCENOSIS AND PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE OF COLONOCYTES, BLOOD PLASMA IN EXPERIMENTAL DISBIOOSIS AND USAGE OF RIOFLORA IMMUNO NEO PROBIOTIC
Authors: Shevchenko A. V. , Medvedeva O. A. , Mukhina A. Yu. , Korolev V. A. , Kalutsky P. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the changes in the composition of animals large intestine microbiocenosis and molecular-biochemical parameters of blood plasma and colonocytes in experimental gentamicin dysbiosis, possibility of correction using probiotic. Materials and methods. Drug dysbiosis was simulated by administration of gentamicin intraperitoneally and with correction aim injected probiotic. Quantitative and qualitative study of mucous microflora of the mice large intestine was performed by bacteriological method. The state of lipid peroxidation system was judged about by content of acylhydroperoxide and malonic dialdehyde, antioxidant protection system - by catalase and superoxide dismutase. Results. As a result of the study, a change in the composition of the intestinal microflora, a decrease in the enzymatic activity of antioxidant defense system in blood plasma and colonocytes, an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products in blood plasma and colonocytes were recorded. The corrective effect of RioFlora Immuno Neo probiotic regarding the restoration of the intestine normobiocenosis and the molecular-biochemical parameters of animal colonocytes was noted. Conclusion. The use of the probiotic led to the restoration of microbial equilibrium in the intestinal microbiocenosis, and also had a positive effect on the superoxide dismutase activity of colonocytes, stabilization of the malonic dialdehyde content in the colon tissue.
CONSTRUCTION OF RECOMBINANT ATTENUATED BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS BACTERIA OF PTXP3 GENOTYPE
Authors: Semin E. G. , Sinyashina L. N. , Medkova A. Yu. , Karataev G. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The construction of recombinant attenuated Bordetella pertussis bacteria of ptxP3 genotype and its genetic and biological stability characteristics. Materials and methods. During construction of recombinant attenuated bacteria of ptxP3 genotype virulent Bordetella pertussis bacteria of ptxP1 genotype were used as a recipient. PtxP1 genotype bacteria are used for whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccine production in Russia. Mutant bacteria B. pertussis 475 were received by crossing-over between chromosome comprising native copy of target sequence and its mutant copy in recombinant suicide plasmid transferred in recipient bacteria by conjugation. Genetically engineered construction of recombinant plasmids was conducted. The structure of modified chromosome locus of attenuated bacteria was determined by PCR and amplification fragments sequence. The stability of structure and characteristics of attenuated bacteria was defined after 15 passages of strains on culture medium and 5 passages in mice. Results. Isogenic attenuated ptxP1 B. pertussis 4M and ptxP3 B. pertussis 4MKS were constructed. These bacteria produce non-toxic pertussis toxin (PT) and do not produce dermonecrotic toxin (DNT). The promoter region of ptx operon contains mutation, typical for «new» genotype of circulating virulent bacteria and increasing PT production. The structure of modified DNA fragments and characteristics of attenuated bacteria did not change while storing and after passages on culture medium and in mice. Conclusion. Recombinant attenuated bacteria B. pertussis 4MKS of «new» ptxP3 genotype are constructed. Application perspectiveness of genetically engineered modification of isogenic B.pertussis bacteria for pertussis vaccines development is shown.
IMMUNOREGULATORY PROFILE OF MICROSYMBIONTS OF THE INTESTINAL HUMAN BIOTOPE
Authors: Bukharin O. V. , Chainikova I. N. , Ivanova E. V. , Perunova N. B. , Bondarenko T. A. , Smolyagin A. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study in comparison immunoregulatory properties of dominant and associative microsymbionts metabolites in human large intestine’s eubiosis and dysbiosis. Materials and methods. 260 strains of bifidobacteria used as dominant microbiota, 132 cultures of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi used as associative microsymbionts from 122 intestinal microsymbiocenoses. The cytokines production was studied in cultures of mononuclear cells co-cultivated with microsymbionts’ supernatants. The results were processed statistically (Statistica 10.0). Results. In eubiosis, dominant and associative microsymbionts showed immuno regulatory properties heterogeneity. In the case of phlogogenic cytokines, the associates equally exhibited stimulation / suppression / no effect on cytokines, except for enterococci and bacteroids, stimulating IL-8 secretion, and lactobacilli, inducing IFNy. Dominants were characterized by a unidirectional effect: IL-10 secretion stimulation and TNFa, IFNy and IL-17suppression, while retaining the induction of IL-10 in dysbiosis. In contrast, supernatants of the associates combined the opposing cytokines production: the early proinflammatory cytokine TNFa, the immunoregulatory cytokine IFNy and the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10. Conclusion. Intestinal homeostasis in eubiosis is supported by differentiated effects of microsymbionts’ metabolites on the production of antiinflammatory, immunoregulatory cytokines with the formation of an optimal balance, limiting inflammatory and autoimmune reactions. The dominance of the immunoregulatory properties remains intact in the conditions of dysbiosis, and the variety of effects on pro-/antiin-flammatory cytokines is limited in the associates.
GENETIC PROFILE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, ISOLATED FROM BACTERIAL CARRIERS AND PATIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATORY PATHOLOGY
Authors: Gritsenko V. A. , Mavzyutov A. R. , Pashkova T. M. , Kartashova O. L. , Tyapaeva Ya. V. , Belozertseva Yu. P.
Published: September 2019

Aim. A comparative genetic evaluation of the pathogenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bacterial carriers and patients with infectious inflammatory pathology. Materials and methods. The presence of pathogenicity genes (ssp, spa, clfA and clfB) in 163 strains of S. aureus isolated from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity of bacterial carriers, from the vaginal discharge of women with uterine myoma, the contents of the pustules of newborns with perinatal pyoderma, and the transudate of venous-trophic ulcers lower limbs and purulent wounds in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Results. It was shown that the frequency of occurrence of ssp, spa, clfA and clfB genes in clinical strains of S. aureus depended on the source of their isolation. In all cultures of S. aureus (except vaginal isolates), the most common gene was ssp (in 66.7 - 94.6% of cases), which was found isolated or in different combinations with other genes (spa, clfA, clfB). It has been established that the genetic profiles of strains of S. aureus isolated from bacterial carriers and patients with infectious inflammatory pathology (perinatal pyoderma, purulent wounds in diabetic foot syndrome) show a pronounced similarity in the presence of ssp, spa, clfA and clfB genes. Conclusion. The possible role of asymptomatic carriage of strains of S. aureus with a pathogenic potential in the development of endogenous infections of different localization is discussed.
MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM AND OXYTOCINE IN THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors: Burmistova A. L. , Filippova Yu. Yu. , Timofeeva A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To assess the structure of the intestinal microbial consortium and the level of oxytocin in blood plasma in the context of severe social insufficiency in children with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods. 44 children with autism spectrum disorders were divided into two groups: 23 children with no signs of social contact and 21 people with preserved social contact. The comparison group was consisted of 39 typically developing children of the appropriate gender and age. The structure and quantity of microorganisms of the small intestine was determined with the help of specific lipid markers in peripheral blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markers. The concentration of oxytocin was assessed in plasma by the method of ELISA. Results. Normally, the biochemical signals of the ecological system (the host-associated microbial consortium and the neuropeptide-oxytocin) work in the general context of the socialization of the meta-organism. However, an imbalance of the system (disease - autism spectrum disorders) can lead to change context and social insufficiency. Conclusion. Research in this direction will help, as we believe, to understand of the mechanisms underlying social deficits in autism, which will allow us to determine the ways of their correction.
POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS CYANOBACTERIA OF THERAPEUTIC MUD
Authors: Yatsenko-Stepanova T. N. , Ignatenko M. Е.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Determination of Cyanobacteria species composition in the Tuzlukkol River part with mud and brine and identification of potentially dangerous representatives of this group of microorganisms. Materials and methods. 270 samples were analyzed (135 of them - quantitatively), selected in the spring-autumn periods 2012-2017 in accordance with generally accepted methods. Identification of cyanobacteria was carried out according to the algae identification guides of domestic and foreign authors, the chamber of Najotta with a volume of 0.01 cm3 was used to calculate the algae quantity. The algae biomass was calculated taking into account the volume of the cells. Results. 25 species, varieties and forms of Cyanobacteria have been identified. Four genera (Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Nodularia and Lyngbya) were potentially capable to produce hepato-, neuro- and dermatotoxins. In some periods the total number of cyanobacteria exceeded almost 5 times the standard recommended by WHO in bathing waters. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the necessity of Cyanobacteria monitoring (species composition and quantity) to prove the mud safety for people health during balneotherapy.
THE PROBLEM OF CELL CULTURES CONTAMINATION WITH MAMMALIAN ORTHOREOVIRUSES
Authors: Faisuloev E. B. , Korchevaya E. P. , Markov D. V. , Petrusha O. A. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

A mandatory requirement for cell cultures used in scientific researches and biomanufacturing is the absence of their contamination by viruses. We have described the case of adventitious isolation of mammalian orthoreovirus in the rhesus macaque embryo kidney cells MA-104. PCR analysis for the presence of reovirus RNA of all probable sources of reovirus (trypsin, fetal bovine serum, clinical samples, cell culture) revealed no viral RNA in any of the samples. An important condition for the activation of the reovirus reproduction in the MA-104 cells was the presence of trypsin in the culture medium. The obtained results underscore the urgency of control for the reovirus contamination of chemicals of animal origin and cell cultures. Since reoviruses are associated with human diseases, such control in pharmaceutical production is mandatory.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLUSTER HFRS MORBIDITY DURING WINTER SEASON IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors: Mochalkin P. A. , Mochalkin A. P. , Stepanov E. G. , Farvazova L. A. , Popov N. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Of the study was to specify the factors responsible for outbreaks of domestic cluster HFRS morbidity during winter period in the Republic of Bashkortostan as the basis for preventive measures substantiation. Materials and methods. Analyzed have been the data from the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) on the HFRS incidence in 54 administrative districts of RB during winter season 2016-2017. Summarized have been the results of epidemic foci eradication with domestic HFRS morbidity during winter months of 2010-2017 in the territory of RB. Results. Winter sporadic HFRS incidence is registered annually among the rural and urban population residing in steppe, forest-steppe and forest zones of RB. It is outlined that epidemic foci with domestic cluster HFRS morbidity emerge more frequently in the territory of forest-steppe zone. It is established that HFRS infections of domestic type take place in residential areas adjacent to some forestry to one extent or another, as well as on visiting country, out-of-town objects situated in the territory of active natural HFRS foci. Thereat, the risks of domestic HFRS infection are entirely defined by the sanitary-hygienic state of accommodation and manufacturing facilities. Conclusion. The main tactical option for the prevention of epidemic foci emergence with domestic cluster HFRS morbidity among rural and urban population of RB is simultaneous barrier and semi-rural deratization and disinfection in areas of high risk of infection.
EPIDEMIC AND EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF NATURAL-FOCAL ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS IN VLADIMIR REGION
Authors: Martsev A. A. , Rudakova V. M. , Ilina A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation and the degree of danger of the territory of Vladimir region in terms of a complex of natural focal zoonotic infections. Materials and methods. In the work, a retrospective analysis of statistical data on the incidence of zooanthroponosis in the population, obtained from Reporting Form No. 2 «Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases» of Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region for the period 1958 - 2016 was conducted. Studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections were conducted in the laboratory of natural focal and especially dangerous infections of Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region. Results. It is established that the following natural focal diseases are registered in the territory of the Vladimir region: rabies, heemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), tick-borne borreliosis (ТВВ), leptospirosis, pseudotuberculosis and tularemia. The largest share in the structure of morbidity falls on HFRS and ТВВ. Annual laboratory studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections indicate the presence of epizootics among rodent mice, the dominant species among which is the red vole. The ratio of men to women with HFRS is about 3 to 1, the main risk factors for transmission are harvesting in summer cottages and visiting forest areas. As for the ТВВ, in the region there are persistent natural foci of this infection. It was established that there is no territorial dependence between the incidence and «riches» of the territory, and the main epidemiological significance is the iksodid mites I.ricinus and I.persulcatus. Conclusion. The cartographic mapping of the registered incidence allowed to show the territories with different degree of epidemic manifestation for individual natural-focal diseases and for a complex of morbidity in general. Positive laboratory results indicate epizootic activity and a constant risk of exacerbation of the epidemic situation of zooanthroponous infections, and the absence of human morbidity over a number of years is not evidence of the attenuation of the natural focus of infection and the basis for the curtailment of preventive measures.
OPTIMIZATION OF A METHOD OF ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION (LAMP) FOR DIAGNOSIS OF WHOOPING COUGH
Authors: Pimenova A. S. , Borisova O. Yu. , Petrova M. S. , Vlasov E. V. , Voronina I. S. , Borisova A. B. , Afanasiev S. S. , Donskich E. E. , Kafarskaya L. I. , Aleshkin V. A. , Aleshkin A. V. , Afanasiev M. S. , Karaulov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Optimization of the accelerated whooping cough method of isothermal amplification for DNA Bordetela pertussis. Materials and methods. The research was conducted on 35 standard collection strains and 169 strains of Bordetella allocated in bacteriological laboratories of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. The research included 329 clinical samples received from patients with whooping cough and the persons, contact with them, hospitalized in IDCH No. 1 DZM. Chromosomal DNA was extracted with a standard method of boiling from strains, from clinical samples by means of commercial sets. Identification of causative agents of whooping cough were performed with use of the АмплиСенс® Bordetella multi-FL. Results. We performed optimization method of a diagnostics of whooping cough by LAMP with detection by means of an electrophoresis and with naked-eye inspection under normal light is developed. The developed method allows to detect a DNA of B.pertussis within 4 - 5 hours in clinical material. The analytical sensitivity was 102 GE/ml. Assessment of validity showed that the developed method possesses 99,6% sensitivity and 98,7% specificity; predictive value positiveness and negative result was 99,6% and 98,7%, respectively; the index of accuracy (diagnostic efficiency) - 99,4%; the likelihood ratio of positive and negative result - 76,6 and 0,004, respectively. Assessment of analytical reliability in 100% of cases showed convergence and reproducibility of a technique. Conclusion. Diagnostic test on DNA of B.pertussis identification by LAMP method will allow to increase efficiency of laboratory diagnosis of whooping cough.
OBTAINING THE RECOMBINANT ORF3 PROTEIN OF HEPATITIS E GENOTYPE 3 AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Alatortseva G. I. , Sidorov A. V. , Nesterenko L. N. , Luhverchik L. N. , Milovanova A. V. , Ammur Yu. I. , Mikhailov M. I. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Zhavoronok S. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Design аис1 construction of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 full-size ORF3 recombimnt polypeptide. Materials and methods. Escherichia coli strains, ptasmid vectors, serologiral and biological amples, molecular biological, bioinformatic, biotechnological, biochemical and serological methods.Results. RNA was isolated from pig fecal extracts collected on Belgorod farms and was used in RT-PCR to obtain the fragment of the orf3 gene of the hepatitis E virus genotype 3. Using A/T-cloning a recombinant plasmid was obtained with insertion of a DNA fragment (230 bp) encoding the N-terminal region of the ORF3 protein. The primary structure of the missing C-terminal region of the ORF3 VGE of the genotype 3 was calculated by bioinformatics methods. Codon optimization of the sequence for biosynthesis in E.coli cells was performed. For constructing the recombinant plasmid a chemically synthesized DNA fragment encoding the fulllength ORF3 protein had been used. E.coli strain producing full-size recombinant protein ORF3 fused to E.coli beta-galactosidase was developed. Recombinant protein ORF3 had been isolated from the inclusion bodies of the E.coli biomass and purified by size exclusion chromatography. Antigenic specificity of recombinant polypeptide had been confirmed in immunochemical reactions (ELISA, Western blot) with sera from patients with hepatitis E and control groups of patients. Conclusion. HEV genotype 3 ORF3 recombinant antigen had been designed, and itfs applicability in diagnostic tests had been experimentally confirmed.
LARGE BOWEL MICROBIOCENTOSIS IN IMMATURE INFANTS WITH VERY LOW AND EXTREMELY LOW BODY WEIGHT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: Malygina O. G. , Bazhukova T. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To assess qualitative and quantitative composition of culture large bowel bugs in immature infants with birth weight 1500 g and less during the first year of life. Materials and methods. Fecal matter culturing has been done in 58 immature infants with body weight 1500 g and less, who were under supervision during the year. Results. A significant deficit of large bowel micro-biocentosis in immature infants has been registered in the neonatal period. Up to 2 months of life a slow formation of bowel's microflora is observed mainly due to bifidus bacteria. Up to 1 year of life a formed colonic microbiota in immature infants was not observed firstly due to lactobacilli deficit and late formation of typical Escherichia. Conclusion. The process of large bowel microbiocentosis in immature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight is slowed down due to extended admission in the intensive care unit, absence of breast feeding and antybiotherapy.
AVIDITY OF IGG TO RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII AS AN ADDITIONAL CRITERION FOR THE SEROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE EPIDEMIC TYPH AND ITS RECRUDESCENT FORM - BRILL-ZINSSER DISEASE
Authors: Chekanova T. A. , Shpynov S. N. , Tarasevich I. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim: to investigate the diagnostic significance of avidity index (AI) for IgG toR. prowazekii with the determination of specific G and M class antibodies. Materials and methods. IgG/IgM to R. prowazekii, their titers and AI of IgG were measured in ELISA in 112 serum samples (47 sera from typhus-vaccinated individuals and 65 samples from patients and/or convalescents of epidemic typhus and/or Brill-Zinsser disease, including 18 sera collected during Lipetsk epidemic typhus outbreak in 1998).Results. Methodological approaches for estimation of AI for IgG toR. prowazekii have been determined. The initial period (or acute) of epidemic typhus we serologically detected in 8 cases by identifying of IgM toR. prowazekii only in two sera and IgM as well as IgG toR. prowazekii with low or medium values of AI in 6 samples. In 19 samples from patients we indicated Brill-Zinsser disease due to the presence in them specific IgM and IgG to R. prowazekii with high values AI. In 2 sera from vaccinated persons was established a low AI of IgG at significant diagnostic titers. Conclusion. AI of IgG to R. prowazekii has high prognostic information for differential diagnosis of epidemic typhus and Brill-Zinsser disease.
EXPERIENCE OF INVESTIGATION OF A LARGE OUTBREAK OF A TULAREMIA AMONG THE POPULATION OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND THE KHANTY-MANSIYSK REGION IN 2013
Authors: Ostapenko N. A. , Kozlova I. I. , Solovieva M. G. , Stepanova T. F. , Mefodiev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The experience of investigating a major outbreak of tularemia among the population of Khanty-Mansiysk and Khanty-Mansiysk Region in 2013. Materials and methods. The materials of epidemiological monitoring of activity of foci of tularemia in KhMAO for a long period of time, the results of laboratory studies of biological materials and environmental objects on infection with tularemia pathogen during investigation of the outbreak in 2013 are analyzed. Results. The causes and features of the outbreak development, anti-epidemic and preventive measures were analyzed. An algorithm for investigating tularemia outbreaks has been developed and the effectiveness of preventive and antiepidemic measures for their elimination in a strained natural focus has been shown. Conclusion. Monitoring of natural foci of tularemia confirms the continued preservation of their activity and viability. The transmissive nature of outbreaks causes their scale and intensity, the need for permanent disinsection and deratization measures. The invasion of rodents into populated areas can be considered a predictive sign of the deterioration of the epidemiological situation and the onset of outbreak, which allows taking anti-epidemic measures in advance. Systemic interdepartmental interaction (health care, executive authorities) is needed to strengthen attention to prevention and build up a cautious attitude towards the problem of tularemia.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES OF CLUSTERED MORBIDITY CAUSED BY ENTEROVIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT AND WESTERN SIBERIA IN 2017
Authors: Alimov A. V. , Rezaikin A. V. , Burtseva Yu. Yu. , Usoltseva P. S. , Sharabrin S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Delineation of epidemiologic features of clustered morbidity caused by enteroviral infections (EVI) in the Ural Federal District (UFD) and West Siberia in 2017. Materials and methods. Retrospective epidemiologic analysis of clustered EVI morbidity was performed with the data obtained from the standardized Federal statistical observation reports and the data provided by the regional Departments of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Rospotrebnadzor). Detection and identification of enteroviruses was carried out by molecular genetic methods. Results. Totally 51 focus of clustered EVI was registered. The incidence density and time course of outbreaks closely correlated with the general EVI incidence level (r = 0.65; p < 0.05) and seasonal variations (r = 0.80; p < 0.05) at the given territory. Droplet nuclei transmission was considered the main route of infection in 68.2% of cases, in 22.0% - as an accessory route, and in 14.6% - as an obligate route. Contact transmission via fomites was reported as an obligate route in 9.8% of outbreaks. In the etiological structure, the proportion of Enterovirus A species was 51.4% (Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) - 43.2%), Enterovirus B species - 70.3% (Echovirus 30 (E30) - 48.6%). Conclusion. In 2017 the clustered morbidity caused by EVI in the UFD and Western Siberia involved mainly children under 6 years of age from preschool institutions, where outbreaks of low incidence density with short duration were observed. Two genotypes of enteroviruses (E30 and CV-A6) were prevalent in the etiological structure of the outbreaks, therefore determining predominant clinical forms of EVI: aseptic meningitis or hand, foot, and mouth disease.
MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARVOVIRUS B19 ISOLATES CIRCULATING IN THE NORTH-WESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Khamitova I. V. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Antipova A. Yu. , Semenov A. V. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Genotyping and molecular genetic characteristics of parvovirus B19, circulating in the NorthWest Federal District. Material and Methods. The material of the study is based on serum samples from 821 patients with maculopapular rash negative for antibodies IgM-measles and IgM-rubella were received at the St. Petersburg Regional Center for Measles and Rubella Surveillance in 2009-2017. In the present study we used genotyping by direct sequencing of the NS1/VP1 region of Parvovirus B19 genome. Results. DNA of the virus was detected in 59 (42.4%) of seropositive patients. To assess the heterogeneity of isolates, 14 samples were selected from patients from geographically remote regions of the NWFO, of different ages, regardless of gender, with a high viral load (106-107 copies/ml). Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed that only the genotype 1A was detected in all isolates. The nucleotide sequences can be divided into two subgroups: 13 isolates (92.8%) belong to the subgroup 1A2, one isolate to the subgroup 1A1. Conclusion. The introduction of B19 screening from patients with fever / rash can provide meaningful information on the prevalence of parvovirus infection in the Russian Federation. Identifying new mutations of the virus and further analysis of their possible relationships with the course of the mutation disease can help in the development of medicines, as well as in the development of an effective vaccine against the parvovirus B19.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A NEW APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF PREVENTION OF PARASITARY DISEASES
Authors: Stepanova T. F.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluate the effectiveness of the developed new approach to the analysis of the activity of the epidemic process and the effectiveness of the prevention of parasitic diseases, based on a multi-level monitoring system. Materials and methods. The data of official statistical observation for 2010-2016 are analyzed for all subjects of the Russian Federation. To search for the regularities in large volumes of data, Data Mining is used. Results. The analysis made it possible to characterize the activity of the epidemic process of parasitic diseases in the territory of Russia. Application of methods of mathematical modeling allowed to form a prognosis of morbidity/affection by the results of sanitary-parasitological studies. The regions in which the inadequate quality of sanitary-parasitological studies led to discrepancies between actual and predicted lesions were identified. Conclusion. The conducted study made it possible to establish that the developed approach is effective for assessing the activity of the epidemic process and the effectiveness of preventing parasitic diseases, structuring statistical information by regions and nosologies, identifying trends in morbidity, and developing regional prevention programs.
SITUATION ON LARVAL HELMINTHOSIS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA AND OPTIMIZATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE FOR THEM
Authors: Tverdokhlebova T. I. , Dumbadze O. S. , Ermakova L. A. , Kovalev E. V. , Aleshukina A. V. , Nagorny S. A. , Bolatchiev K. Kh. , Hutoryanina I. V.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the results of the investigations of Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor which are directed towards the optimization of epidemiological surveillance of the larval helminthes infestations which are actual for the South of Russia: echinococcosis, trichinosis, dirofilariosis and toxocariasis. The implementation of the improved system of epidemiological surveillance of trichinosis has led to the absence of this disease cases among the population of the South and North-Caucasian federal districts in 2017. The optimization of preventive measures allowed to reduce the echinococcosis morbidity of the population in 2017 in the most unfavourable for echinococcosis region - Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia - twice compared to 2009. The results of sanitary-parasitological investigations - the most important part of epidemiological surveillance - indicate the potential risk of the population's infestation with parasitic pathogens through the objects of the environment in the South of Russia. The work of the researchers of the Institute together with the organizations of Rospotrebnadzor and other departments on the improvement of epidemiological surveillance resulted in the development of 12 standard and methodical and informative and methodical documents for the period of 2013-2018.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND MODERN EVOLUTION OF GLOBALLY SPREADING ARBOVIRUSES
Authors: Zhukov K. V. , Toporkov A. V. , Viktorov D. V.
Published: September 2019

More than 100 species of arboviruses can cause diseases in humans. Arbovirus infections attract attention of medical specialist around the world due to their wide distribution, diversity and severity of the clinical course. The number of new arboviruses, which are pathogenic for humans and animals, is constantly increasing. In the last 30 years arbovirus infectious diseases have become a significant threat to public health. There are many large-scale outbreaks in various regions of the world every year. This article examines the current epidemic status, the main factors contributing to the expansion of areas with epidemic manifestations and the risks associated with the spread of a arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and the West Nile.
THE IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE COMPLEX PREPARATION AGAINST HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE INFECTION
Authors: Yastrebova N. E. , Tokarskaya M. M. , Elkina S. I. , Ovechko N. N. , Baranovskaya S. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the immunobiological activity of the complex preparation for Haemophilus influenzae infections prevention. Materials and methods. We used the complex preparation, containing 1 mcg of lipooligosaccharide and 10 mcg of protein-containing fraction, lipooligosaccharide and protein-containing fraction monopreparations, and capsular polysaccharide preparation. For studying cross-protective activity of the complex preparation white outbread mouses (weight 14-16 g) were intramuscularly immunized with a dose 0,5 ml. 10 days later the animals were inoculated with H. influenzae encapsulated and non-typed strains culture inoculum in a dose 5*109 microbial cells/mouse. The immunized animals specific antibodies level was determined by means of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For studying complex preparation’s influence on the development of the infectious process immunized mouses were intranasally inoculated with H. influenzae encapsulated and non-encapsulated strains. The mouses dissections were performed in 3, 24 and 72 hours after inoculation. Sterile samples (lung tissue) were homogenized, titrated and plated onto 5% horse blood agar; then after 18-20 growth hours we counted the number of colonies and recalculated its number for one mouse. Results. Our investigations have shown that the complex preparation provided 90-100% animals’ defence from used in this experiment infectious agent strains. Mouses immunization with the preparation induced significant increase in the level of antibodies, revealed by means of indirect ELISA. Beginning with the third day after intranasal inoculation there was a pathogen multiplica112 tion in control group mouses lungs. In the same time immunized mouses had almost indetectable number of bacteria. Almost all animals from control group contained pathogen in lymph nodes and mesentery; though pathogen’s presence in immune mouses viscera was rather occasional. Conclusion. The complex preparation protected animals from all H. influenzae strains, used in our experiment. The dynamic of the infectious process directly depended on the development of immune response on the complex preparation injection.
IMMUNOGENIC PROPERTIES OF CELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN-CONTAINING ANTIGENS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Gruber I. M. , Egorova N. B. , Astashkina E. A. , Akhmatova N. K. , Kurbatova E. A. , Cherkasova L. S. , Kukina O. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Comparative study of immunobiological properties of cell wall surface antigens and extracellular protein-containing antigens of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods. Preparations: surface antigens of the cell wall (peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, protein antigens) of the strains of S. aureus containing in the staphylococcal vaccine «Staphylovac» (SV) and extracellular protein-containing antigens of S. aureus (EPCA). The parameters of innate immunity were evaluated by the effect of preparations on the immunophenotype of mononuclear leukocytes (ML) of the spleen of mice, expression of Toll-like receptors (using flow cytometry), phagocytic activity of macrophages of peritoneal exudate of mice after the introduction of SV and EPCA; the protective activity of preparations was studied in experiments of active protection of BALB/c mice. Results. To isolate EPCA, we used the virulent strain of S. aureus №6, and for obtaining surface antigens of the cell wall, 4 strains were selected, the most immunogenic of which was the low virulent strain of S. aureus №1991. Both preparations increased the number of TLR2 and MHC II expressing cells; CV administration caused an increase in the number of cells with CD25 marker, reflecting the early activation of immunocompetent cells, and EPCA immunization — led to a shorter expression of this marker. On the other hand, an increased number of CD19 positive cells were detected for a longer period of time during EPCA immunization. The longest activation of phagocytosis under the action of SV was established. High protective activity of bo-th types of the studied preparations was noted. Conclusion. The antigens of the cell wall and extracellular protein-containing experimental drugs possessed comparable immunological  properties, however, the surface antigens to a greater extent activate innate immunity, and extracellular — adaptive immunity.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INFLAMMATORY PATTERNS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN OBESE PATIENTS
Authors: Konischeva A. Yu. , Gervazieva V. B. , Mazurina S. A.
Published: September 2019

We aimed to investigate immunological patterns of inflammation and autoimmunity, in bronchial asthma (BA) associated with obesity. Materials and methods. 109 people aged from 17 to 58 years with various body weights have been examined in total, including 64 individuals with allergic diseases as bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR). We performed the measurement of the body mass index according to WHO criteria, and evaluation of the asthma severity and comorbid conditions. In the samples of peripheral blood we measured biochemical tests (cholesterol and its fractions), spontaneous and PHA-induced production of cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-, and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, total IgE and IgE-autoAT, specific for a number of tissue AH (epithelial keratin, collagen 3 and 6 types, elastin and myosin). Results. Our study showed that in both groups of adults, the obesity was associated with increasing of acute phase proteins, CRP, leptin and TNF-α in serum, being most enhanced in asthma group. Individuals with excess body weight are characterized by significantly an increased level of acute phase proteins (Westergren ESR, CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) in serum, thereby confirming the involvement of systemic inflammation in the obesity pathogenesis. The phenotype of BA with obesity is characterized by overproduction of CRP and leptin, along with increased spontaneous production of IL-4 and TNF-α, and also revealed sIgE to self-antigen as keratin, that in total could indicate more prominent inflammatory pathways with the impairment of immune regulation in this endotype of patients. Conclusion. The revealed associations confirm the link between obesity, as a chronic inflammatory condition, with atopy and development of asthma with further immune-mediated inflammation of the conduction airways.
INDUCTION OF SECONDARY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IN MICE INFECTED WITH PANDEMIC AND LABORATORY STRAINS OF THE H1N1 INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Leneva I. A. , Egorov A. Yu. , Falynskova I. N. , Маkhmudоvа N. R. , Kartashova N. P. , Glubokova E. A. , Vartanova N. O. , Poddubikov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. In this study we developed and characterized a mouse model of secondary S. aureus and S. pneumoniae pneumonia following influenza virus infection with H1N1 pandemic and laboratory strains and their reassortment. Materials and methods. BALB/с mice were infected intranasally with A/California/04/2009/(H1N1 pndm), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 or their reassortment NIBRG-121xp followed by different strains of S. аureus и S. pneumoniae. The pathogenicity of infection was assessed by mouse survival and weight change, viral titre and bacterial count in the lungs. Results. It was shown that the infection of mice with three strains of the H1N1 influenza virus with a comparable level of pathogenicity leads to a different severity of secondary bacterial infection. The mouse adapted A/California/04/2009 pandemic strain possessed the greatest ability to alter antibacterial immunity. Conclusion. An experimental model of post-influenza bacterial pneumonia utilizing three strains of the H1N1 influenza virus and various strains of S. aureus or S. pneumoniae was established. The ability of viruses to provoke bacterial superinfection of different severity is characterized.
REPLICATION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE A6 IN THE PRESENCE OF HORMONES INCLUDED IN THE MODERN HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Nosik M. N. , Ryzhov K. A. , Potapova A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study how female hormones included in oral contraceptives (β-estradiol and progesteron) affect HIV-1 replication and efficacy of antiviral drugs. Material and methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cell lines MT-4, Jurkat were infected with HIV-1 (subtype A6). Afterwards the cells were cultured for 6 days in the presence of β-estradiol/progesteron with or without the presence of antiretroviral drugs Lamivudin (3TC), Etravirin(ETR) and Indinavir (IDV), which are widely used for HIV treatment. Virus production was monitored by p24 levels in culture supernatants on day 6. The experemints were performed in eight repetitions. Results. There was a 1,3-1,8-fold increase of virus replication in the presence of high concentrations of both hormones (26,136 μg/ml). Incomplete suppression of viral replication was observed when infected cells were co-cultivated in the presence of hormones (26 μg, 136 μg) and antiretroviral drugs. The mean suppression rate of viral replication for β-estradiol was 77.3% and 69.8% for progesterone. However, in the absence of hormones the virus production was completely suppressed by those drugs. Conclusion. The high concentrations of steroid hormones induce HIV-1 replication and as a result reduce the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs NVP and IDV in vitro. Thus it is advisable for women at high risk of HIV infection to monitor hormone levels that change during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy before prescribing hormonal contraception.
Immune mechanisms of community-acquired pneumonia and copd due to infectious etiology and methods of immunotherapy
Authors: Korovkina E. S. , Kostinov M. P.
Published: September 2019

Novadays a growing number of immunodependent diseases observed. There are 3 main groups of diseases of the immune system: immunodeficiency, allergic and autoimmune diseases. Also at the foundation of the brocken functions of the immune  system could be the age of the patients,  the chronic diseases, the localization of the inflammatory process, etiological characterization of the pathogen and various disorders of the immune system, especially in the case of existing genetic defects. In recent years, the increasing significance of conditionally pathogenic microflora in the development of pathology associated with the infection. Community-acquired pneumonia and chronic  obstructive pulmonary  disease (COPD) are characterized by high morbidity and mortality.  The inclusion in the traditional  therapy drugs with immunomodulatory effects helps enhance  the action the treatment. Azoximer bromide could helps to reduce the duration  and severity of the disease and reduce the incidence  of severe forms of the disease. Also in recent  years, the immunomodulatory drugs are of special interest immunomodulators of bacterial origin on the basis of which are constructed  of antibacterial  therapeutic  vaccine. All of the above indicates the need to further develop pathogenetic, including immunocorrecting therapy, especially in severe disease.
Analysis of natural focal infections incidence in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation in 2017
Authors: Vasilenko N. F. , Maletskaya O. V. , Taran T. V. , Prislegina D. A. , Manin E. A. , Semenko O. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim.  The  analysis  of  epidemiological  situation  on  natural  focal  infections  in  the  south  of  the European  part of the Russian Federation in 2017. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation of Departments of Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in subjects of the Russian Federation, Plague Control Research Institutions  and Anti-Plague stations from 8 subjects of the Southern and 7 subjects of the North-Caucasian Federal Districts were used. The findings have been treated using by Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Results. On the territory of the south of the European  part of the Russian Federation 962 cases of natural focal infectious diseases (of which 89 per cent were bacterial etiology and 11 per cent were viral etiology) were identified in 2017. Compared  with 2016 the rate of bacterial natural focal infections increased by 2,3 per cent,  the rate of viral natural  focal infections decreased by 50,7 per cent.  The number  of natural  focal infections  patients  decreased  by 8 per cent compared  to the previous year. The most of epidemiological complications  were observed on the «tick-borne» infections, the rate of which in the general structure of the reported natural focal infections cases amounted  to 78,6 per cent (756 patients). Also 6 dengue fever cases were registered, but all of the patients might have acquired the disease after travelling to other areas. Conclusion. The analysis of natural focal infections morbidity in the south of the European  part of the Russian Federation in 2017 demonstrates  the retention  of activity of the natural foci of bacterial and viral infections,  therefore questions of prevention  of natural focal infectious diseases and constant  monitoring  of their natural  foci in subjects of the Southern  and North-Caucasian Federal Districts had the particular relevance.
Biological safety of public events: assessment of external epidemiological threat
Authors: Efremenko D. V. , Vasilenko N. F. , Efremenko V. I.
Published: September 2019

Division of infections into the constituting  individual and population  danger taking into account  the territorial  and seasonal risks of distribution  at their drift is proved in article and the differentiation  of the last on threat of emergence of emergency situation of biological character at epidemic manifestations  that will allow to optimize algorithms of reaction and the organization of antiepidemic actions. The new relative criterion  «orient number  of infections from one source» reflecting potential  ability of the activator to be transferred in human  population  is offered. Assessment of risk of distribution  and threat of emergence of emergency situation  at the drift on the territory  of the Russian Federation of some diseases constituting population  danger is carried out: plagues (in pulmonary  and bubonic forms), cholera,  hemorrhagic  fevers with the leading contact mechanism  of transfer of the activator, especially dangerous the ortopoxvirus and the coronavirus of infections, the Crimean hemorrhagic fever, poliomyelitis.