bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Where Is the Real Reform? African American Students and Their School’s Expectations for Academic Performance
Authors: Liou Daniel D. , Rotheram-Fuller Erin
Published: January 2016

Although education reforms have been designed to improve academic achievement for all students, there may be intervening factors, such as teacher expectations, that interfere with the success of these initiatives. This ethnographic case study examined student and teacher perspectives on an urban high school reform, and how that reform was experienced within the classroom by African American students. Findings suggest that these African American students felt a strong sense of positive identity with their small school, despite racist public perceptions of it. Within the classroom, students continued to face persistent low academic expectations despite the school’s pursuits of equity.
Students’ Critical Meta-Awareness in a Figured World of Achievement: Toward a Culturally Sustaining Stance in Curriculum, Pedagogy, and Research
Authors: Caraballo Limarys
Published: January 2016

Students’ academic experiences are often shaped by normalized conceptions of literacy that do not honor the interrelatedness of multiple identities, languages, and literacies. This qualitative case study in an urban middle school highlights students’ critical meta-awareness of their identities-in-practice in the figured world of their classroom via a narrative analysis of students’ writing, interviews, and focus group discussions. The author focuses on students’ internalization and/or resistance of the curriculum as a basis for developing culturally sustaining stances toward curriculum, pedagogy, and research that actively disrupt cultural, ethnic, racial, and epistemological hierarchies of power in academic contexts and beyond.
Factors That Influence the Persistence and Success of Black Men in Urban Public Universities
Authors: Strayhorn Terrell L.
Published: January 2016

Urban public universities play a critical role in the higher education enterprise. In this article, Strayhorn draws on Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and semi-structured interview data to provide a national portrait comparing predominantly White and historically Black public universities, as well as identifying factors that influence the persistence and success of Black men in urban public universities. Findings suggest the importance of background traits, academic readiness, and the ways that urban public universities provide access, support systems, and close connections with communities for students and society. Implications for practice, policy, and research are included.
Selecting Appropriate Cases When Tracing Causal Mechanisms
Authors: Beach Derek , Pedersen Rasmus Brun
Published: January 2016

The last decade has witnessed resurgence in the interest in studying the causal mechanisms linking causes and effects. This article games through the methodological consequences that adopting a systems understanding of mechanisms has for what types of cases we should select when using in-depth case study methods like process tracing. The article proceeds in three steps. We first expose the assumptions that underpin the study of causal mechanisms as systems that have methodological implications for case selection. In particular, we take as our point of departure the case-based position, where: causation is viewed in deterministic and asymmetric terms, the focus is ensuring causal homogeneity in case-based research to enable cross-case inferences to be made, and finally where mechanisms are understood as more than just intervening variables but instead a system of interacting parts that transfers causal forces from causes to outcomes. We then develop a set of case selection guidelines that are in methodological alignment with these underlying assumptions. We then develop guidelines for research where the mechanism is the primary focus, contending that only typical cases where both X, Y, and the requisite contextual conditions are present should be selected. We compare our guidelines with the existing, finding that practices like selecting most/least-likely cases are not compatible with the underlying assumptions of tracing mechanisms. We then present guidelines for deviant cases, focusing on tracing mechanisms until they breakdown as a tool to shed light on omitted contextual and/or causal conditions.
The Bolsa Família Program
Authors: Lavergne Rémi Fernand , Beserra Bernadete
Published: January 2016

The Bolsa Família Program is the flagship of Brazil’s targeted public policies. It exemplifies a particular approach to the public management of alterity, an approach that reveals a state more preoccupied with rationalizing public expenditures and building social peace than with policies oriented toward income distribution, democratization, and the expansion of social rights. The program is a form of biopolitics, inscribed in a framework aimed at the normalization, regimentation, and control of the population that receives the benefit. Lifelong social assistance and education are important instruments of subjectivation and the production of subjectivities with an eye to influencing the conduct of indigent and marginalized populations. The goal is to influence the conduct of indigent and marginalized populations and, in a movement quite the reverse of the touted “inclusion,” to separate them more and more from the citizenship that the program advertises and promises.

Líder das políticas públicas focalizadas no Brasil, o Programa Bolsa Família exemplifica uma forma de gestão pública da alteridade que revela um Estado mais preocupado com as questões de racionalização dos gastos públicos e construção da paz social do que com uma política de distribuição de renda, democratização e expansão dos direitos sociais. Esse programa remete a uma forma de biopolítica e inscreve-se numa perspectiva de normalização, regulamentação e controle das populações beneficiárias. A assistência social e a educação por toda a vida constituem importantes instrumentos na produção de subjetividades com vistas a influenciar a conduta das populações indigentes e marginalizadase, ao contrário da propagada “inclusão”, distanciá-las cada vez mais da cidadania que o próprio programa anuncia.
Development Models for the Brazilian Countryside
Authors: Fernandes Bernardo Mançano
Published: January 2016

Problems of land use and ownership result from the inequalities caused by the hegemonic form of capitalism, agribusiness. A possible alternative model has yet to be worked out, and there is a fundamental need to reflect on the struggle against the hegemony of capitalism and how to safeguard the interests of the peasantry. From this perspective, the agrarian question should be considered as a conflict between those favoring the interests of the peasantry and family farming and those favoring agribusiness. A paradigmatic debate about the roles of the Brazilian state, agribusiness, and the peasant movements in formulating public policy shows that the potential for the peasantry to grow food is threatened by the concentration of power, landownership, capital, technology, and wealth. Unless there is a change in the development model, the prospect is increasing inequality. The experiment with having two government ministries for agriculture is an important step in the shaping of policies to support family farming.

Os problemas com uso e propriedade da terra são resultados das desigualdades causadas pelo modelo capitalista hegemônico denominado agronegócio. Um possível modelo alternativo está sendo gestado e há necessidade de refletir sobre a luta contra a hegemonia do capitalismo e como salvaguardar os interesses dos camponeses. A partir desta perspectiva, a questão agrária deve ser considerada como conflitualidade permanente entre os interesses dos camponeses ou agricultura familiar e os interesses do agronegócio. O debate paradigmático contribui para compreender o papel do Estado brasileiro, do agronegócio e dos movimentos camponeses na formulação de políticas públicas. Também mostra que as possibilidades de criação de um modelo de desenvolvimento do campesinato está ameaçado pela concentração de poder, propriedade da terra, capital, tecnologia e riqueza nas mãos do agronegócio. Se não houver uma mudança com a criação de um modelo de desenvolvimento voltado aos interesses da agricultura camponesa, a perspectiva é de aumento da desigualdade. A experiência de ter dois ministérios para a agricultura é condição fundamental na definição de políticas de apoio à agricultura camponesa e familiar.
Affect and Health Behavior Co-Occurrence
Authors: Zvolensky Michael J. , Leventhal Adam M.
Published: January 2016

The majority of scientific work addressing relations among affective states and health correlates has focused primarily on their co-occurrence and a limited range of health conditions. We have developed a Special Issue to highlight recent advances in this emerging field of work that addresses the nature and interplay between affective states and disorders, in terms of their impact and consequences from health status and behavior. This Special Issue is organized into three parts classified as (a) co-occurrence and interplay between (b) transdiagnostic factors and (c) sociocultural factors. It is hoped that this issue will (a) alert readers to the significance of this work at different levels of analysis, (b) illustrate the many domains currently being explored via innovative approaches, and (c) identify fecund areas for future systematic study.
Relationship Between Health Literacy and Unintentional and Intentional Medication Nonadherence in Medically Underserved Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fan Jessica H. , Lyons Sarah A. , Goodman Melody S. , Blanchard Melvin S. , Kaphingst Kimberly A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy and overall medication nonadherence, unintentional nonadherence, and intentional nonadherence. Limited health literacy may be associated with worse diabetes outcomes, but the literature shows mixed results, and mechanisms remain unclear. Medication adherence is associated with diabetes outcomes and may be a mediating factor. Distinguishing between unintentional and intentional nonadherence may elucidate the relationship between health literacy and nonadherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 208 patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from a primary care clinic in St. Louis, Missouri. Information was obtained from written questionnaire and patient medical records. Bivariate and multivariable regression were used to examine predictors of medication nonadherence.

Results

The majority of patients in the study were low income, publicly insured, and African American, with limited health literacy and a high school/GED education or less. In multivariable models, limited health literacy was significantly associated with increased unintentional nonadherence but not intentional nonadherence.

Conclusions

Results suggest differences in factors affecting intentional and unintentional nonadherence. The findings also suggest interventions are needed to decrease unintentional nonadherence among patients with type 2 diabetes and limited health literacy. Efforts to address unintentional medication nonadherence among patients with type 2 diabetes with limited health literacy may improve patient health.
Conditional Reasoning Test for Creative Personality: Rationale, Theoretical Development, and Validation
Authors: Schoen Jeremy L. , Bowler Jennifer Lynn , Schilpzand Marieke Catharine
Published: January 2016

The innovations of creative individuals are regarded as vital for business functioning and survival. To this end, efforts have been made to design measures of creative personality in hopes of predicting creative performance. Current measures of creative personality all reside at the explicit level, yet theory and research both suggest that a large proportion of personality can also be conceptualized at the implicit level. We address this issue by presenting a theoretical basis for creative personality that operates on an implicit level. Using conditional reasoning methodology, we describe five cognitive biases that serve as justification mechanisms for creative personality. Next, we link implicit creative personality to creative abilities through a developmental process. We then test this model and our new measure of creative personality in five different studies. Our results provide evidence in support of an implicit component of creative personality and suggest that it is a substantial predictor of creative performance. Finally, we describe the management and human resources implications of the conceptualization of creative personality as an implicit construct.
Evaluating open access journals using Semantic Web technologies and scorecards
Authors: Hallo Maria , Luján-Mora Sergio , Maté Alejandro
Published: January 2016

This paper describes a process to develop and publish a scorecard from an OAJ (Open Access Journal) on the Semantic Web using Linked Data technologies in such a way that it can be linked to related datasets. Furthermore, methodological guidelines are presented with activities related to each step of the process. The proposed process was applied to a university OAJ, including the definition of the KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) linked to the institutional strategies, the extraction, cleaning and loading of data from the data sources into a data mart, the transformation of data into RDF (Resource Description Framework), and the publication of data by means of a SPARQL endpoint using the Virtuoso software. Additionally, the RDF data cube vocabulary has been used to publish the multidimensional data on the Web. The visualization was made using CubeViz, a faceted browser to present the KPIs in interactive charts.
Emphysematous lungs do not affect visibility of virtual-assisted lung mapping
Authors: Yamanashi Keiji , Sato Masaaki , Marumo Satoshi , Fukui Takamasa , Sumitomo Ryota , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Otake Yosuke , Katayama Toshiro , Huang Cheng-Long
Published: January 2016

Background

It has recently been suggested that virtual-assisted lung mapping may enable safer and more reliable intraoperative navigation compared to conventional preoperative lung marking strategies. This study aimed to examine the relationship between emphysematous lungs and the intraoperative visibility of virtual-assisted lung mapping markings.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 patients who underwent virtual-assisted lung mapping followed by lung resection between October 2013 and May 2015. The visibility of the intraoperative lung markings was graded. The degree of pulmonary emphysema was assessed by the percentage of low attenuation area on computed tomography. We elucidated the associations between the marking grade and other factors such as patient age or sex, pulmonary lobe mapped, marking operator, Brinkman index, and percentage of low attenuation area of the pulmonary lobe.

Results

In Spearman rank correlation analysis, there was no correlation between the Brinkman index and the percentage of low attenuation area ( n = 26, r = −0.016, p = 0.937). In stepwise multivariate regression analysis, the marking grade correlated with the marking operator ( p < 0.001) and the Brinkman index ( p = 0.008), but not with patient age or sex, the pulmonary lobe mapped, or degree of pulmonary emphysema.

Conclusion

The skill of the marking operator and the patient’s smoking history had significant effects on the intraoperative visibility of markings made by virtual-assisted lung mapping, whereas emphysematous lungs did not affect the intraoperative visibility of lung markings.
Research on the relationship between urban form and urban smog in China
Authors: Liu Yong , Arp Hans Peter H , Song Xiaodong , Song Yu
Published: January 2016

The present study aims at exploring whether aspects of urban form (compactness ratio and elongation ratio) are associated with urban smog (particulate matter) in China. Quantitative indicators relating to urban form and urban smog were selected and quantified for 30 Chinese cities, for the reference years 2000, 2007, and 2010, by using a combination of compiled statistical data, remote sensing, and geographical information system data. Panel data analysis was used to evaluate the degree of association between measures of urban form and urban smog, while controlling for urban population, built-up area green coverage rate, power consumption, SO2 emissions, gross value of industrial output, gross industrial output, and buses per capita. The results indicate that urban compactness and urban elongation were positively correlated to urban particulate matter. It is therefore recommended to consider the implication of urban form on smog as part of urban planning and as part of ongoing strategies to mitigate the deleterious consequences of air pollution.
Trust in mobile banking under conditions of information asymmetry
Authors: Malaquias Fernanda FO , Hwang Yujong
Published: January 2016

Many banks worldwide are making substantial investments to offer access to banking services through mobile devices. However, due in part to customers’ concerns about security and trust issues, the adoption rate of mobile banking (MB) has been lower than banks have expected. Disclosure of MB security on banks’ websites can be one way to minimize customers’ risk perception and improve trust in this technology. Nevertheless, there are no studies that investigate how information about MB security disclosed on bank websites affects trust in MB. In order to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between disclosure of MB security on bank websites and trust in MB, under conditions of information asymmetry. In addition, we also examined how other factors such as perceived risk, personal innovativeness, social influence, age, and gender affect trust in MB. The sample of the study comprised 307 Brazilian undergraduate students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to analyze the research model. The main results show that disclosure of MB security on bank websites has a positive relationship with trust in MB, but this relationship is significant only for the respondents that have already visited the website of their banks to get information about MB security. We also observed that the relationship between trust and perceived risk is less significant for students who have already consulted the website of their banks, in comparison with students who have not consulted the website. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are presented in the paper.
The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System: Poor performance as screener for major depression in patients with incurable cancer
Authors: Brenne Elisabeth , Loge Jon H , Lie Hanne , Hjermstad Marianne J , Fayers Peter M , Kaasa Stein ,   on behalf of the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC)
Published: January 2016

Background:

Depressive symptoms are prevalent in patients with advanced cancer, sometimes of a severity that fulfil the criteria for a major depressive episode.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate how the item on depression in the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System with a 0–10 Numerical Rating Scale performed as a screener for major depressive episode. A possible improved performance by adding the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Anxiety item was also examined.

Design:

An international cross-sectional study including patients with incurable cancer was conducted. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System score was compared against major depressive episode as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Screening performance was examined by sensitivity, specificity and the kappa coefficient.

Setting:

Patients with incurable cancer ( n = 969), median age 63 years and from eight nationalities provided report. Median Karnofsky Performance Status was 70. Median survival was 229 days (205–255 days).

Results:

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 major depressive episode was present in 133 of 969 patients (13.7%). Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Depression screening ability for Patient Health Questionnaire-9 major depressive episode was limited. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.71 (0.66–0.76). Valid detection or exclusion of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 major depressive episode could not be concluded at any Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Depression cut-off; by the cut-off Numerical Rating Scale ⩾ 2, sensitivity was 0.69 and specificity was 0.60. By the cut-off Numerical Rating Scale ⩾ 4, sensitivity was 0.51 and specificity was 0.82. Combined mean ratings by Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Depression and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Anxiety revealed similar limited screening ability.

Conclusion:

The depression and anxiety items of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, a frequently used assessment tool in palliative care settings, seem to measure a construct other than major depressive episode as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instrument.
Grade-Level Declines in Perceived Academic Support From Peers: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Altermatt Ellen Rydell
Published: January 2016

Prior research demonstrates that perceived academic support from peers positively predicts school adjustment. In this cross-sectional study, we provide evidence that perceived academic support from peers declines from 3rd to 8th grade and that this decline is partially mediated by grade-level declines in perceptions that academic success disclosures are normative and will elicit positive responses, especially among students who hold social demonstration goals. Discussion focuses on the importance of assessing changing peer norms for positive behaviors, including a willingness to celebrate peers’ academic successes.
Efficient Research Design
Authors: Wilson Edward C. F. , Mugford Miranda , Barton Garry , Shepstone Lee
Published: January 2016

In designing economic evaluations alongside clinical trials, analysts are frequently faced with alternative methods of collecting the same data, the extremes being top-down (“gross costing”) and bottom-up (“micro-costing”) approaches. A priori, bottom-up approaches may be considered superior to top-down approaches but are also more expensive to collect and analyze. In this article, we use value-of-information analysis to estimate the efficient mix of observations on each method in a proposed clinical trial. By assigning a prior bivariate distribution to the 2 data collection processes, the predicted posterior (i.e., preposterior) mean and variance of the superior process can be calculated from proposed samples using either process. This is then used to calculate the preposterior mean and variance of incremental net benefit and hence the expected net gain of sampling. We apply this method to a previously collected data set to estimate the value of conducting a further trial and identifying the optimal mix of observations on drug costs at 2 levels: by individual item (process A) and by drug class (process B). We find that substituting a number of observations on process A for process B leads to a modest £35,000 increase in expected net gain of sampling. Drivers of the results are the correlation between the 2 processes and their relative cost. This method has potential use following a pilot study to inform efficient data collection approaches for a subsequent full-scale trial. It provides a formal quantitative approach to inform trialists whether it is efficient to collect resource use data on all patients in a trial or on a subset of patients only or to collect limited data on most and detailed data on a subset.
Implementation of a computational tool to study psychrometric processes in mechanical engineering courses
Authors: Mago Pedro J. , Long William
Published: January 2016

This paper explores the use of a computational tool developed in Microsoft Excel to enhance the students’ understanding of the different psychrometric processes of moist air in courses such as Thermodynamics and Air Conditioning. The proposed computational tool allows students to focus on more design-oriented problems. Furthermore, students will have the ability to see immediate results to variations of the design conditions as well as different parameters that would affect the different psychrometric processes. The proposed tool also gives students a quick visualization of the evaluated psychrometric process in the psychrometric chart as well as the ability to quickly determine psychrometric properties of moist air. Feedback from students and class instructors proves that the use of the proposed tool significantly enhances the student learning experience in these two courses, make the course more dynamic, and motivate the students to learn the material.
Community occupational therapy for people with dementia and their family carers: A national survey of United Kingdom occupational therapy practice
Authors: Swinson Tom , Wenborn Jennifer , Hynes Sinéad , Orrell Martin , Stansfeld Jacki , Rooks Sally , Ledgerd Ritchard
Published: January 2016

Introduction

A national survey was conducted with United Kingdom (UK) occupational therapists to scope occupational therapy service provision for people with dementia and their family carers in the community.

Method

This was an online questionnaire with topics on occupational therapists’ roles, service provision, referral, assistive technology and assessment tools. Recruitment was through direct invitation, and promotion via occupational therapy networks, websites and newsletters.

Results

A total of 197 responded. Occupational therapy referrals most commonly came from the multidisciplinary team. Over half primarily undertook profession-specific work, with occupational therapy assessments the most common profession-specific task. Two-thirds of referrals for initial assessments were for people with mild-to-moderate dementia. A median of 2.5 hours for assessment/intervention was spent for each person with dementia. Almost two-thirds used the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. Most could prescribe personal activities of daily living equipment and Telecare, with few able to prescribe equipment for reminiscence or leisure.

Conclusion

This national survey increases knowledge of UK community occupational therapy practice and service provision for people with dementia and their family carers. It informs occupational therapists about national trends within this practice area, and development of the community occupational therapy intervention (COTiD-UK) as part of the Valuing Active Life in Dementia research programme.
Early-onset familial hemiplegic migraine due to a novel SCN1A mutation
Authors: Fan Chunxiang , Wolking Stefan , Lehmann-Horn Frank , Hedrich Ulrike BS , Freilinger Tobias , Lerche Holger , Borck Guntram , Kubisch Christian , Jurkat-Rott Karin
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura. The FHM3 subtype is caused by mutations in SCN1A, which is also the most frequent epilepsy gene encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.1. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical, genetic and pathogenetic features of a pure FHM3 family.

Methods

A three-generation family was enrolled in this study for genetic testing and assessment of clinical features. Whole cell patch-clamp was performed to determine the functions of identified mutant NaV1.1 channels, which were transiently expressed in human tsA201 cells together with β1 and β2 subunits.

Results and conclusions

We identified a novel SCN1A (p.Leu1624Pro) mutation in a pure FHM family with notably early-onset attacks at mean age of 7. L1624P locates in S3 of domain IV, the same domain as two of four known pure FHM3 mutations. Compared to WT channels, L1624P displayed an increased threshold-near persistent current in addition to other gain-of-function features such as: a slowing of fast inactivation, a positive shift in steady-state inactivation, a faster recovery and higher channel availability during repetitive stimulation. Similar to the known FHM3 mutations, this novel mutation predicts hyperexcitability of GABAergic inhibitory neurons.
Laboratory tests of headache disorders – dawn of a new era?
Authors: Schytz Henrik Winther , Olesen Jes
Published: January 2016

Context

The classification of headache disorders has improved over the years, but further work is needed to develop and improve headache diagnosis within headache subtypes. The present review is a call for action to implement laboratory tests in the classification and management of primary and some secondary headaches.

Background

In this narrative review we present and discuss published tests that might be useful in phenotyping and/or diagnosis of long-lasting headache disorders such as migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, trigeminal neuralgia and persisting secondary headaches.

Aim

The palpometer test, quantitative sensory testing, nociceptive blink reflex and autonomic tests may be valuable to phenotype and/or diagnose subforms of migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, trigeminal neuralgia and medication-overuse headache. Provocation tests with glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) may be valuable in subclassification of migraine and cluster headache. Lumbar pressure monitoring and optical coherence tomography may valuable tools to diagnose and follow patients with chronic headache and raised intracranial pressure.

Finding

A number of laboratory tests in headache research are presently available, but have primarily been performed in single research studies or a few studies that differ in methods and patient groups. At present, there is no evidence-based strategy for implementing diagnostic tests, but this could be achieved if well-reputed tertiary headache centers commence developing and implementing laboratory tests in order to improve the classification and treatment of headache patients.
Return-to-Play Outcomes in Professional Baseball Players After Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries
Authors: Ford Gregory M. , Genuario James , Kinkartz Jason , Githens Thomas , Noonan Thomas
Published: January 2016

Background:

The medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is the primary static stabilizer to valgus stress of the elbow. Injuries to the UCL are common in baseball pitchers. In the 1970s, reconstructive surgery was developed. Return-to-play (RTP) rates of 67% to 95% after reconstruction have been reported. There is a paucity of published studies among professional baseball players reporting RTP with nonoperative treatment.

Purpose:

To identify professional baseball players’ ability to RTP after the nonoperative treatment of UCL injuries based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grade.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A review of elbow injuries among a professional baseball organization from 2006 to 2011 was performed. MRI was performed on all players. Forty-three UCL injuries were diagnosed. Treatment included rehabilitation, surgery, or both. Rates of RTP and return to the same level of play or higher (RTSP) were calculated and correlated with the MRI grade, location of injury, and player position. MRI grading was as follows: I, intact ligament with or without edema; IIA, partial tear; IIB, chronic healed injury; and III, complete tear.

Results:

Forty-three UCL injuries in 43 players were diagnosed. Eight had complete tears (grade III), were treated operatively with UCL reconstruction, and had an RTP rate of 75% and RTSP rate of 63% (5/8 returned to the same level and 1 to a lower level). All 8 were pitchers. The remaining 35 players had incomplete injuries (4 grade I, 8 grade IIA, and 23 grade IIB), consisting of 24 pitchers and 11 positional players. Of these 35 players, 1 underwent surgery without attempted rehabilitation, 3 initiated rehabilitation until MRI was performed and then underwent surgery, and 3 underwent surgery after failed rehabilitation. The 7 players who underwent UCL reconstruction surgery had an RTP rate of 100% and RTSP rate of 86% (6/7 returned to the same level and 1 to a lower level). The remaining 28 with nonoperative treatment had both RTP and RTSP rates of 93% (26/28 returned to the same level and 0 to a lower level). Of these, 10 were positional players with an RTSP rate of 90%, and 18 were pitchers with an RTSP rate of 94%. Of all players with incomplete UCL injuries who completed nonoperative rehabilitative treatment (n = 31), 26 had a successful RTSP (84%).

Conclusion:

Incomplete UCL injuries in professional baseball players can be successfully treated nonoperatively in the majority of cases. Pitchers are more likely to have complete tears leading to surgery. MRI grading of UCL injuries can help predict RTP and the need for surgery.
Underpaid but Satisfied
Authors: Narisada Atsushi , Schieman Scott
Published: January 2016

Roughly half of American workers report feeling underpaid. Equity and distributive justice theory and research suggests that perceived underpayment is associated with more job dissatisfaction. However, no population-based research has examined the situational factors that may protect individuals from the harmful effects of perceived underpayment. Using data from a national sample of American workers, this study examines the extent to which forms of security modify the association between perceived underpayment and job dissatisfaction. Results indicate that while perceived underpayment is associated with more job dissatisfaction, each of the following attenuates that association: job security, financial security, and employment in the public sector. This provides a novel theoretical elaboration and extension.
Plasma functionalization of polycarbonaturethane to improve endothelialization—Effect of shear stress as a critical factor for biocompatibility control
Authors: Lukas Karin , Thomas Ulrich , Gessner André , Wehner Daniel , Schmid Thomas , Schmid Christof , Lehle Karla
Published: January 2016

Medical devices made of polycarbonaturethane (PCU) combine excellent mechanical properties and little biological degradation, but restricted hemocompatibility. Modifications of PCU might reduce platelet adhesion and promote stable endothelialization. PCU was modified using gas plasma treatment, binding of hydrogels, and coupling of cell-active molecules (modified heparin, anti-thrombin III (ATIII), argatroban, fibronectin, laminin-nonapeptide, peptides with integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif). Biocompatibility was verified with static and dynamic cell culture techniques. Blinded analysis focused on improvement in endothelial cell (EC) adhesion/proliferation, anti-thrombogenicity, reproducible manufacturing process, and shear stress tolerance of ECs. EC adhesion and antithrombogenicity were achieved with 9/35 modifications. Additionally, 6/9 stimulated EC proliferation and 3/6 modification processes were highly reproducible for endothelialization. The latter modifications comprised immobilization of ATIII (A), polyethyleneglycole-diamine-hydrogel (E) and polyethylenimine-hydrogel connected with modified heparin (IH). Under sheer stress, only the IH modification improved EC adhesion within the graft. However, ECs did not arrange in flow direction and cell anchorage was restricted. Despite large variation in surface modification chemistry and improved EC adhesion under static culture conditions, additional introduction of shear stress foiled promising preliminary data. Therefore, biocompatibility testing required not only static tests but also usage of physiological conditions such as shear stress in the case of vascular grafts.
The Role of Forensic Factors and Potential Harm to the Child in the Decision Not to Act Among Men Sexually Attracted to Children
Authors: Mitchell Renae C. , Galupo M. Paz
Published: January 2016

To date, sexual abuse prevention efforts have largely focused on tertiary prevention strategies designed to prevent recidivism among forensic samples of men with a history of sex offending behavior. The present study used mixed methodology to investigate the role of several forensic and related factors on the decision not to commit a sex offense among two groups of community men who self-reported a sexual attraction to children: those who reported a history of acting on their attractions (Acted, n = 29) and those who reported never acting on their attractions (Not Acted, n = 71). Participants from both groups described in their own words the factors that contributed to their decision not to act on their attractions. They also responded to quantitative and qualitative questions regarding the influence and role of the following factors on their decision not to act: (a) the possibility of jail or punishment, (b) mental health treatment, and (c) not wanting to hurt the child. Results were compared across groups, and across prompted and unprompted responses. Analyses highlighted harm to the child as a particularly salient factor in the decision not to act among men in the community at risk for sexually offending. The present study suggests that investigating potential protective factors may be an important direction for future research among samples of community men at risk for both first-time and repeat offenses against children.
Male Peer Support to Hostile Sexist Attitudes Influences Rape Proclivity
Authors: Durán Mercedes , Megías Jesús L. , Moya Miguel
Published: January 2016

Sexual assault affects a large proportion of women in the world. Although most rapes are committed by one man, the act itself may be influenced by many (e.g., the peer group). Hostile sexism (HS) has repeatedly been associated with men’s rape proclivity, but the influence exerted by the HS of the peer group on rape proclivity has not been investigated. In this study, we explored the impact of perceived male peer support to HS on participants’ rape proclivity. A sample of Spanish undergraduate students from a university in the south of Spain ( N = 134) completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Immediately afterwards, they received feedback on the supposed sexist responses of a peer group (high vs. low in HS); we kept the benevolent sexism (BS) of the peer group at medium levels. Next, we assessed participants’ rape proclivity using acquaintance rape scenarios. Results showed an interaction between participants’ own levels of HS and information about the HS of the peer group. Men high in HS reported higher rape proclivity in the high-HS peer-group condition than in the low-HS peer-group condition. By contrast, information on the peer group did not affect self-reported rape proclivity of men low in HS. Results also corroborated the relationship between participants’ levels of HS and rape proclivity, and expanded the literature by revealing an unexpected influence of participants’ BS on rape proclivity.
Felony Collateral Sanctions Effects on Recidivism: A Literature Review
Authors: Whittle Tanya N.
Published: January 2016

Despite recent advances in prisoner reentry and felony collateral consequences literature, the literature on collateral sanctions—intended legal consequences of criminal conviction—remains underdeveloped and unorganized. This article aims to take stock of the collateral sanctions literature to determine what the field currently knows about adult felony collateral sanctions’ effects on criminal recidivism. The author conducted a literature review of publications related to the topic of collateral sanctions and recidivism between 1995 and 2014. From these findings, the author outlines the state of current collateral sanctions research, identifies existing gaps in the literature, and discusses future research’s needed directions and challenges. Collateral sanctions and their effects remain mostly “invisible” despite a growing body of literature indicating that, at least for some sanctions, recidivism may be an unintended consequence of intended collateral sanction policies.
Practice Patterns and Opinions on Current Clinical Practice Guidelines Regarding the Management of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mo Yoonsun , Zimmermann Anthony E. , Thomas Michael C.
Published: January 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine current delirium practices in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting and evaluate awareness and adoption of the 2013 Pain, Agitation, and Delirium (PAD) guidelines with emphasis on delirium management.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

A large-scale, multidisciplinary, online survey was administered to physician, pharmacist, nurse, and mid-level practitioner members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) between September 2014 and October 2014. A total of 635 respondents completed the survey.

Measurements and Main Results:

Nonpharmacologic interventions such as early mobilization were used in most ICUs (83%) for prevention of delirium. A majority of respondents (97%) reported using pharmacologic agents to treat hyperactive delirium. Ninety percent of the respondents answered that they were aware of the 2013 PAD guidelines, and 75% of respondents felt that their delirium practices have been changed as a result of the new guidelines. In addition, logistic regression analysis of this study showed that respondents who use delirium screening tools were twice more likely to be fully aware of key components of the updated guidelines (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-3.60).

Conclusions:

Most critical care practitioners are fully aware and knowledgeable of key recommendations in the new guidelines and have changed their delirium practices accordingly.
Visual Acuity and Self-Reported Vision Status
Authors: Coyle Caitlin E. , Steinman Bernard A. , Chen Jie
Published: January 2016

Objectives: This study examined the associations of two measures of vision impairment (i.e., a clinical measure of visual acuity and self-reported vision status) and social isolation in a nationally representative sample of Americans aged 60 and older. Method: Five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES IV; 1999-2008) were used to estimate successive logistic regression models, holding constant demographic characteristics, chronic illness, functional limitations, and disability. Results: Effects of both measures of vision impairment in predicting social isolation were substantially reduced or eliminated in adjusted models. Where significant effects of vision impairment on social isolation remained, a strong effect was found for self-reported poor vision (odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = [1.08, 2.16]). Discussion: As one of the better vision-related predictors of social isolation, self-reported vision is among the easiest and inexpensive to assess. The use of self-reported vision as a screening criterion for social isolation is discussed.
Managerial abuse and the process of absence among mental health staff
Authors: Wood Stephen , Niven Karen , Braeken Johan
Published: January 2016

Managers’ abuse of subordinates is a common form of unethical behaviour in workplaces. When exposed to such abuse, employees may go absent from work. We propose two possible explanations for employee absence in response to managerial abuse: a sociological explanation based on perceptions of organizational justice and a psychological explanation based on psychological strain. Both are tested using data from a sample of 1472 mental health workers. The occurrence, duration and frequency of absence are investigated using a hurdle model. Managerial abuse is found to be associated with the occurrence of absence through both perceptions of organizational justice and psychological strain. Distributive justice and depression are especially significant in explaining the relationship between abuse and absence. Once absent, duration of absence is not further affected by managerial abuse but is still linked to depression and distributive justice, whereas frequency of absence is linked to bullying and depression.
‘Nimble’ intersectionality in employment research: a way to resolve methodological dilemmas
Authors: Mooney Shelagh
Published: January 2016

This contribution proposes nimble intersectionality in response to McBride et al.’s article about intersectional research in the field of employment and industrial relations. Although the authors’ call for all researchers to be ‘intersectionally sensitive’ is positive, regrettably, by highlighting the problems with intersectional methods, they reinforce the widespread perception that they are too difficult to implement. While intersectionality is undeniably complex, this article argues that a nimble approach can help resolve methodological dilemmas. By resolving four basic methodological questions at the onset of a study, researchers can successfully use an intersectional approach to explore age, gender, ethnicity, race and class in employment.
Synthesis and gas transport properties of new polynorbornene dicarboximides bearing trifluoromethyl isomer moieties
Authors: Cruz-Morales Jorge A , Vargas Joel , Santiago Arlette A , Vásquez-García Salomón R , Tlenkopatchev Mikhail A , de Lys Tomás , López-González Mar
Published: January 2016

This work reports on the synthesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of new structural isomers based on norbornene dicarboximides bearing trifluoromethyl moieties, specifically, N-2-trifluoromethylphenyl- exo- endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (2a) and N-3-trifluoromethylphenyl- exo- endo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (2b) using tricyclohexylphosphine [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene][benzylidene] ruthenium dichloride (I), bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) benzylidene ruthenium (IV) dichloride (II), and bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) p-fluorophenylvinylidene ruthenium (II) dichloride (III). It is observed that the –CF3 moiety attached to the ortho position of the aromatic ring increases the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer, whereas the meta substitution has the opposite effect. A comparative study of gas transport in membranes based on these fluorinated polynorbornenes showed that the –CF3 ortho substitution increases the permeability of the polymer membrane as a consequence of the increase of both the gas solubility and the gas diffusion. In contrast, the gas permeability coefficients of the meta-substituted polymer membrane are rather similar to those of the non-fluorinated one attributed to a lower fractional free volume. The meta-substituted polymer membrane besides showing the largest permselectivity coefficients of all the isomers studied here was also found to have one of the largest permselectivity coefficients reported to date for separating hydrogen/propylene in glassy polynorbornene dicarboximides.
Studies on corrosion and quenching effects of cutting fluid with vegetable-based emulsifier on AISI 1040 steel
Authors: Srikant RR , Ramana VSN Venkata
Published: January 2016

Cutting fluids are popularly used for cooling and lubricating the machining zone. However, the hazardous effects of cutting fluids on the workers’ health limit their usage. Although different studies were carried out to replace mineral oils in cutting fluids using vegetable oils, replacement of mineral-based emulsifier was not considered. This work aims at developing new class of cutting fluids by replacing both the mineral oil and petroleum-based emulsifier with vegetable-based alternatives. Apart from performance in machining, the after effects of cutting fluids like hardness and corrosion play an important role in the decision of adopting the cutting fluid. In this work, hardness and corrosion tests were carried out on the samples machined using the formulated fluids and regular cutting fluid (with petroleum-based emulsifier). It was found that the fluid with 15% vegetable emulsifier has hardness similar to regular cutting fluid and fluid with 20% emulsifier has lesser corrosion compared to other fluids. The results can be used for initiating future research in this direction.