bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine Embryonic Mortality with Special Reference to Mineral Deficiency, Heat Stress and Endocrine Factors: A Review
Authors:   Flat No 606, K Wing, Ackruti Hubtown Countrywoods, Tilekar Nagar, Kondhwa Budruk, Pune, Maharashtra (411 048), India, Kumbhar Umesh B. , Charpe Bhushan Kumar ,   214, Mathapathi Brundavan, 2nd Cross Dasappa Layout, Near 8th A cross Abaiahreddy layout Kaggadasapura,  Bangalore (560 093), India, Kumar Sarbjeet ,   B2-402, Ramky One North, Doddaballapur Road, Avalahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore (560 064), India
Published: March 2021

Embryonic Mortality is the major cause of reproductive and economic loss in cattle and Buffaloes. Embryonic Mortality is more common during the early than the late embryonic period, i.e., from day 8th to 16th at the hatching of blastocysts and initiation of elongation and commencement of implantation without affecting cycle lengths. Early embryonic mortality is a major source of embryonic and economic loss with mortality rate up to 40%. Embryonic mortality is also reported due to mineral deficiency and heat stress in cattle and buffaloes. Physical modifications of animal environment, nutritional management with Antioxidant, trace minerals and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress should be best solution. Embryonic death occurs at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy, probably related to a failure of the Interferon tau (IFNι) secretory mechanism along with progesterone deficiency and luteal insufficiency. Recent research, both in terms of physiological mechanisms and pharmacological treatments has mostly focused on the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy or the anti-luteolytic effect. hCG/ GnRH /Progesterone supplementation have shown positive results. Supplementation of interferon as anti-luteolytic agent and supplementing Omega-3 has shown encouraging results. Ovarian examination, Animal history, blood/milk progesterone levels, PAG test and ultrasound appear to be the only practical tool presently available for diagnosis of embryonic mortality. This present review article is covering all the aspects of embryonic mortality with special reference totrace minerals, heat stress, hormonal impact and interferon tau.
The Urbanization and Growth of Malaysia: Case Study of Iskandar Region
Authors: Yazrin Yasin Muhammad , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Yusoff Mariney Mohd , Mohd Noor Norzailawati
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the process of economic growth and urbanization in Malaysia, the contribution of Johor in the nation’s growth and the development of Iskandar Malaysia. First, we explore the range of institutions that engage in urban and regional planning at various level and their respective statutory development plan. Next, we present the contextual of the south Johor particularly Iskandar region and the new administrative of Iskandar Puteri. The development of Iskandar region is intended to benefit all in south Johor and by coordinating the efforts of various Government agencies, Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) is helping locals share the benefits of economic growth. Afterwards, we evaluate some issues that have arisen with regard to the physical development and the statutory development plans in Johor and Iskandar region on urbanization and urban growth pattern. From the analysis, we identified that among issues aroused are the absence of urban growth boundary within Iskandar region; land use change and agricultural land encroachment; low density and mixed-use development and environmental change and degradation.
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI PENYANDANG DISABILIAS DI KABUPATEN SITUBONDO MENUJU KABUPATEN INKLUSI RAMAH DISABILITAS
Authors: Gufron Moh. Idil , Rahman Abdur
Published: March 2021

Setiap orang terlahir dengan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Kekurangan setiap manusia baik secara fisik maupun non fisik yang dinilai tidak normal disebut dengan istilah penyandang cacat. Secara historis, disabilitas menghadapi hambatan baik struktual maupun sosial yang mengeksklusikan mereka dalam berbagai akses public dan penelitan ini diharapkan dapat memotret eksklusi sosial untuk menciptakan kebijakan pembangunan inklusif. Inklusi ini merupakan berkebalikan dari kondisi eksklusi. Dengan mengkomodasi arti kedua kata tersebut, pembangunan inklusif dapat diartikan sebagi proses pembangunan yang memastikan keterlibatan seluruh kelompok, termasuk marginal,dalam proses pembangunan, disertai adanya rasa memiliki dari setiap elemen masyarakat terhadap proses pembangunan. Kajiana ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan informasi melalui studi pustaka, dan telaah data disabilitas dalam Data Tunggal Daerah-Analisa Kependudukan Partisipatif (DTD-AKP). Data disabilitas dipilah berdasarkan indicator dalam pendataan DTD-AKP untuk memunculkan kondisi disabilitas secara komprehensif. Setelah melakukan pengamatan dan telaah terhadap data disabilitas, kemudian dilakukan penelusuran pustaka berupa peraturan, kebijakan, dan program serta refrensi lain yang berhubungan dengan analisis situasi disabilitas. Berdasarkan Data Tunggal Daerah-Analisa Kependudukan Partisipatif (DTD-AKP) Kabupaten Situbondo, disabilitas dibagi kedalam 13 ragam disabilitas. Jumlah disabilitas pada tahun 2018 ialah 11.770 jiwa atau 1,71% dari jumlah total penduduk situbondo sebesar 678.099 jiwa. Dari data tersebut disabilitas usia 0-4 tahun (balita) sekitar 3%. Disabilitas usia 5-17 (anak) sekitar 13%. Disabilitas usia 18-59 (usia produktif angkatan kerja) sekitar 50%. Disabilitas usia diatas 60 tahun (lansia) sekitar 34%. Diatara pembagian usia tersebut proporsi terbesar ditemukan pada usia produktif angkatan kerja sebanyak 50% dari total data keseluruhan data disabilitas di Kabupaten Situbondo. Berdasarkan data disabilitas dalam DTD-AKP tahun 2018 dapat diketahi bahwa kondisis disabilitas masih mengalami eksklusi sosial Oleh karena itu, diperluka penguatan kelembagaan yang multisektor untuk mengatsi eksklusi sosial, sehingga setiap kebijakan, program, kegiatan, dan layanan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kabupaten Situbondo bias benar-benar inklusi terhadap kelompok/individu disabilitas.
POTENCIAL FITOSSANITÁRIO DE SEMENTES DE CÁRTAMO ARMAZENADAS EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE CONSERVAÇÃO E PERÍODOS
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Bellé Rogério Antônio , Russi Nunes Ubirajara
Published: March 2021

O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) é uma espécie de múltiplos usos econômicos, desde medicinal, oleífero a ornamental. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fisiológico e sanitário das sementes de cártamo armazenadas por diferentes condições de conservação e períodos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4 (condições de conservação: câmara fria com temperatura constante de 15ºC e 40% umidade relativa do ar (UR) e laboratório com temperatura média de 25ºC e sem controle da UR e, períodos de armazenamento: 0, 4, 8 e 12 meses), com oito repetições. Verificou-se que o potencial fisiológico e sanitário das sementes de cártamo foi afetado negativamente, conforme o aumento do período de armazenamento, em ambas as condições de conservação. No geral, esse potencial foi mais afetado em condições de conservação em laboratório. Conclui-se que a manutenção do potencial fisiológico e sanitário das sementes de cártamo armazenadas deverá ocorrer em condições controladas de temperatura e umidade do ar por até oito meses.
Being a happy midwife
Authors: Hendrych Lorenzová Eva , Raisnerová Irena
Published: March 2021

The publication Being a happy midwife describes the role of midwives. The first chapter explains the change of the vocation over time, from its very beginning to the challenges of modern times. The publication emphasises community midwifery, as well as the personal commitment that is closely related to this occupation. Therefore, the publication contains special chapters focused on midwifery practices in the hospital in Vrchlabí and on water births. The final chapter is devoted to the challenges of the present time and describes the development of midwifery in the future. All chapters have one common topic: Midwives’ desire to work freely according to their competencies and with full professional responsibility, and thus become happy midwives.
THE HISTORY AND TRANSFORMATION OF PERAK MALAY TRADITIONAL HOUSE
Authors: Rashid Sabrizaa , Baharuddin Nurfaisal , Alauddin Kartina
Published: March 2021

Apart from shelter, traditional houses were built to accommodate the spiritual factors such as religious, cultural values and way of life. Thus, it tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural, technological and historical context in which it exists. This paper discusses the development of architectural style on the Malay traditional houses in Perak. It is based on data collectively gathered from KUTAI researchers conducted since 1997. More than 400 houses were observed. Architectural transformation found in the roof design, spatial organization, architectural elements and decorative elements within the period of 150 years. Findings of this study strengthening and establish the Perak Malay architectural style.
All-Bootstrap Gate-Driver Supply System for a High-Voltage-Gain Resonant DC-DC Converter with Seven Switches
Authors: Stala Robert , Mondzik Andrzej , Penczek Adam , Waradzyn Zbigniew , Skała Aleksander
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the concept and implementation of an electronic system for a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with high voltage gain. The converter consists of seven switches, five of which being controlled like high-side type. This paper presents a non-typical bootstrap-based gate-driver system so that the converter can run using a single voltage source. The converter requires a special switching pattern to drive seven switches in a steady state and also during the start-up of the converter and the regulation of the output voltage. Therefore, an FPGA-based digital control system is used with various switching algorithms and protection functions implemented. The presented converter is an autonomic device that taps the energy from the main input. Therefore, the electronic system of the converter is equipped with a self-supply system with a wide range of the input voltage. The parameters of the converter such as voltage gain, voltages and power ranges can be scalable for prospective applications with the proposed control system.
Power Quality Enhancement Using DSTATCOM in Industry Plants
Authors: Bayu Atinkut
Published: March 2021

This paper is focused on increasing the power quality of Unique Macaroni factory, located in Bahir Dar Town. Necessary data have been collected from the factory and the collected data are analysed. Based on the analysis of data, it is found that the factory working power factor is low and hovering around 0.7125. Voltage variations are up to 9.09%, average voltage unbalance is 2.2% and total harmonic distortion (THD) of load currents and voltage are 24.17% and 10.16%, respectively. Harmonic components have existed in the power distribution system of the factory. Based on the analysis of power quality problem in the factory, distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) and its control system have been designed to boost power quality of the factory and the results are obtained by generating simulations using Matlab software. It is observed from outputs of the Matlab simulations that DSTATCOM can improve the power quality of the factory. Generally, the shape of the waveform of load voltage and current is improved and THD level of load voltage is minimised to 1.55% and load current THD level is 7.09%. The reactive power needed by the loads (442 kVAr) is almost provided by the DSTATCOM, so reactive power from source supply is very small such as 22 kVAr so that the power factor of the source tends to unity.
PENERAPAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IX-I DI SMP NEGERI 1 KALIANGET
Authors: Wahjudi Eko
Published: March 2021

Model pembelajaran Discovery Learning mengarahkan peserta didik untuk memahami konsep, arti, dan hubungan, melalui proses intuitif untuk akhirnya sampai kepada suatu kesimpulan. Penggunaan Discovery Learning, ingin mengubah kondisi belajar yang pasif menjadi aktif dan kreatif, pembelajaran yang teacher oriented ke student oriented, dan mengubah modus ekspository siswa hanya menerima informasi dari guru ke modus Discovery siswa menemukan informasi sendiri.Hasil belajar adalah kemampuan yang dimiliki siswa setelah menerima pengalaman belajar. Dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas melalui dua siklus didapatkan data adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas IX-I SMPN 1 Kalianget dari rerata nilai 85,32 menjadi 98,61, dan dari keterlibatan siswa dalam belajar juga meningkat dari 86,57% menjadi 97,22%, sedangkan aktivitas dalam belajar dalam kegiatan kelompok keterlibatan siswa mengalami peningkatan dari 86,81% menjadi 97,22%.Pembelajaran Discovery Learning dalam pembelajaran IPA akan meningkatkan aktifitas siswa dalam belajar baik secara individu maupun secara kelompok. Meningkatnya aktifitas siswa dalam pembelajaran membuat siswa semakin bersemangat dalam belajar dan akan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XII SMA NEGERI 1 AMBUNTEN DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE KREATIVITAS
Authors: Satriyotomo Arief Harmono , Santoso Joni
Published: March 2021

Masalah pendidikan kita juga bisa berprestasi melalui kreativitas para pelajar Indonesia yang saat ini menempuh pendidikan di luar negeri. Beberapa waktu lalu kita telah berhasil memenangkan kompetisi ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi se Asia melalui duta bangsa para pelajar SMP, SMA maupun perguruan tinggi. Olimpiade tersebut membuktikan bahwa sebenarnya kita mampu bersaing dengan bangsa lain dan mampu menunjukkan kualitas bangsa Indonesia di mata internasional. Perbedaan kita dengan kemampuan pelajar asing mungkin hanya terletak pada masalah kreativitas dan ketekunan. tujuannya adalah : 1)Untuk mengetahui kreativitas siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 1 Ambunten. 2) Untuk mengetahui dampak positif kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 1 Ambunten. 3) Untuk mengetahui kontribusi kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa Kelas XII dalam upaya melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian tindakan (action research). Populasi siswa kelas XII Negeri 1 Ambunten tahun ajaran 2014-2015 terdiri dari enam kelas, dengan jumlah siswa 250 orang. Adapun sampel yang akan diteliti sejumlah 19 orang, Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling (acak). Random ini dilakukan dengan cara pengundian.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1)Siswa yang dalam proses pembelajaran mempunyai sikap, kerjasama dan motivasi yang baik, akan berpengaruh besar dalam menunjang prestasi belajarnya. Semakin baik tingkat kreativitas, maka akan semakin baik pula prestasi belajar yang dicapai siswa. (2) Dampak positif kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar: a) Menemukan ide/gagasan baru, b) Meningkatkan kreasi, c) Meningkatkan Apresiasi, d) Menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri, e) Menanamkan rasa tanggung jawab, f) Sikap dan tingkah laku yang baik, g) Nilai social, h) Menumbuhkan rasa disiplin; (3)Kontribusikreativitas terhadap prestasi belajarmemberikan kontribusi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Kontribusi tersebut berupa kemampuan siswa dalam mencetuskan ide/gagasan, berkreasi dalam setiap mata pelajaran dan mampu mengapresiasikan setiap mata pelajaran yang telah diberikan, sehingga mudah bagi siswa tersebut untuk mengikuti, menerima dan mengerti setiap pelajaran yang diberikan dan akhirnya dapat memberikan prestasi belajar yang memuaskan
A new potentially large uranium district in Russia (Far East)
Authors: Zhirno A. M. , Guryanov V. A.
Published: March 2021

Research subject. The aim was to justify the prospects of uranium deposits in the Tyrminsk area of the Far East, which were briefly studied over 60 years ago. These deposits are highly similar to those located in the Streltsovsk mega uranium district. Materials and methods. The materials were geological data on uranium deposits in the promising Tyrminsk district and in the largest Streltsovsky district in the Far East. The research method was a comparison of the available information about the geological features of uranium deposits and ore areas as a whole. Results. The uranium ore regions under study are localized in Mesozoic volcanogenic calderas, within Paleozoic granites. Specific uranium deposits are formed at intersections of multidirectional faults, most frequently in the vicinity of volcanic caldera boundaries. The deposits formed within a contrasting geological section are represented by steep vein-like and stock-like bodies, as well as by gently sloping formation-like bodies under the screens of layers of dense sandstones and siltstones. In addition, deposits are found in favourable layers of conglomerates and effusives breccia. The length and thickness of ore bodies comprise 0.2–1 km and 1–80 m, respectively. Uranium ores belong to the fluorine-molybdenum-uranium type; near-ore rocks are represented by mudstones and hydrosludites. Some fields in the Tyrminsk district are opened by wells to a depth of 80– 160 m from the surface, while the fields in the Streltsovsk district are explored by wells and underground mine workings to a depth of 1.5 km from the surface. Conclusion. The extent of uranium deposits in the Tyrminsk district is predicted to reach a depth of 500–700 m, with their resources being estimated as “large” based on the high similarity of localities in the areas under study. As the most promising uranium area in the south Far East, the Tyrminsk district is recommended as a priority exploration site for uranium.
Ophthalmologic approach to babies with cerebral visual impairment
Authors: İdil Şefay Aysun , Altınbay Deniz , Şahlı Esra , Kızıltunç Pınar Bingöl , Timlioğlu-İper Hatice Semrin , Turan Kadriye Erkan , Acar Damla Ergintürk , Bektaş Fatma Merve
Published: March 2021

Background. Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is an increasingly common type of visual disturbance in infants and children. The increased incidence is associated with improved neonatal intensive care services and survival of premature infants, especially in developed countries and our country. For accurate ophthalmological evaluation, it is important to know the behavioral responses to visual stimuli that are unique to CVI such as color preference, need for movement, visual latency, visual field preference, and difficulty in visual complexity.
Methods. This review is prepared to draw attention to the subject within the scope of Ankara University Vision, Artificial Vision and Low Vision Rehabilitation training programs.
Results. The most common causes are hypoxia and perinatal ischemia. Ocular structures are generally normal or are not sufficient to explain the visual impairment. Diagnosis and habilitation methods differ from visual impairment of ocular origin. As a result, early diagnosis of CVI in infants and toddlers and an effective visual habilitation with a multidisciplinary approach where ophthalmologists and pediatricians lead the team is very valuable.
Conclusions. Early diagnosis and early visual habilitation will increase the quality of life of babies and will provide important gains for families and therefore the whole society. Pediatricians should be familiar with this group of disturbances and the available resources, as they are best placed to refer the child for evaluation and rehabilitation and encourage the family for follow-up.
Oral health status of asthmatic children using inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Doğan Münevver , Şahiner Ümit Murat , Ataç Atilla Stephan , Ballıkaya Elif , Soyer Özge Uysal , Şekerel Bülent Enis
Published: March 2021

Background. Due to the increase in the prevalence of asthma, especially in childhood, oral health problems arising from the use of asthma medications have become a major health concern. Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used since they are the cornerstone of asthma management. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on oral health and various factors regarding active ingredients in inhalers, inhaler-spacer device use, rinsing the mouth after administration of inhaler, oral hygiene practices and parents` education on dental caries susceptibility in young children with asthma.
Methods. Children with asthma who were treated with inhaled corticosteroids for at least 6 months were included in the study. A questionnaire related to demographic characteristics and oral health practices of children was conducted with parents and the children were examined using a dental mirror and probe under dental unit lighting after air-drying the teeth.
Results. Oral health status was evaluated in 115 children, 54 (42-66) months old, 61% male and 39% female with determination of dmft-dmfs, DMFT-DMFS, ICDAS II, plaque index and gingival index. No statistically significant difference was found between sugar-containing and sugar-free inhalers, duration of inhaled corticosteroid use, inhaler-spacer device use, rinsing the mouth after administration of inhaler and dmft-dmfs, DMFT-DMFS, plaque and gingival index (p > 0.05). Long-term inhaled corticosteroid use was significantly associated with oral candidiasis (p=0.029). Also, the results showed that mothers` educational level had a significant effect on children`s oral health (p < sub > dmft/dmfs < /sub > < 0.001; p < sub > gingival index < /sub > =0.049; p < sub > plaque index < /sub > =0.005).
Conclusion. Due to the effect of immunosuppression, long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids enhances the risk of development of the opportunistic pathogen candida. Regular dental visits and preventive dental treatments are needed in these patients for healthy oral status.
Investigating the risk factors for antibiotic lock therapy failure in pediatric cancer: a single center retrospective analysis
Authors: Asrak Hatice Karaoğlu , Belet Nurşen , Tüfekçi Özlem , Özlü Canan , Baysal Birsen , İnce Dilek
Published: March 2021

Background. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is one of the most common complications of central lines. Data concerning the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic lock therapy (ALT), especially in pediatric hematology and oncology patients, have not yet reached sufficient levels of evidence. We aimed to share our center`s experience on ALT in pediatric cancer and to investigate the causes of ALT failure.
Methods. All cases with CRBSI and treated with ALT administiration in children with cancer between January 2015 and May 2019 were reviewed. Patients characteristics, laboratory and clinical findings, treatments, outcome of ALT, recurrences and reinfections were recorded. Patients with successful and unsuccessful ALT outcomes were compared in order to identify the risk factors for ALT failure.
Results. Sixteen eligible CRBSI treated with adjunctive ALT were identified. The most common pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci (8/16, 50%). Treatment failure was observed in 31.2% (5/16). Younger age alone was an independent risk factor for treatment failure (0.9 vs 6.8 years, p = 0.038). Recurrence and reinfection rates were 23.1% and 16.7%. Mild bleeding occured in two cases (12.5%) and occlusion causing catheter removal was seen in one (6.3%).
Conclusions. ALT was found to be a safe modality with a success rate of 68.8% in children with cancer at our center and younger age was an independent risk factor for treatment failure. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the factors affecting the ALT outcome, especially in childhood malignancies.
Application of Complementary Split Ring Resonator for Hyperthermia
Authors: Yusri Rahmawati , Muldarisnur Muldarisnur
Published: March 2021

One of the most promising research for cancer therapy with less side effects is hyperthermia treatment using metamaterial. This treatment may stand independently or adjunct to other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and others. Metamaterial may control the heating process needed and also the depth of metamaterial itself from the skin surface. In this simulation, complementary split-ring resonator (cSRR) metamaterial with gaps from 0.5 to 3.5 mm can be used for the hyperthermia treatment. In the simulation of the cSRR metamaterial as hyperthermia therapy for cancer cells, the heat generated from each cSRR model was not significantly different. All cSRR models can reach hyperthermal temperatures under 5 minutes. The highest temperature achievement after 60 minutes can be seen in the use of single gap cSRR (58.9 â„ƒ), dual gaps cSRR (58.1 oC), triple gaps cSRR (57.5 â„ƒ), and quad gaps cSRR (57.2 â„ƒ). The cSRR metamaterial structure can be used for hyperthermia therapy by adjusting the treatment duration treatment on cancer cells.
Differences in Mechanisms of Orographic Rainfall over West Sumatra (Case Study: 10 April and 23 April 2004)
Authors: Harjupa Wendi , Shimomai Toyoshi , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Fujiyoshi Yasushi , Kawashima Masayuki
Published: March 2021

Two different mechanisms of orographic rainfall enhancementÂ Â in West Sumatra were investigated utilizing observed data during the Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere (CPEA)-I campaign. The variation of the atmospheric conditions during the campaign was shown by rainfall, surface wind, humidity, and stability index. An X-band Doppler radar captured the atmospheric conditions related to the enhancement of orographic rainfall mechanisms. The dry and less stable atmospheric conditions resulted in the convective type of rainfall. In contrast, the humid and stable atmospheric conditions brought the large-scale rainfall in the mountainous region where the events took place coincided with the inactive and active MJO phases..
Root Causes of the Eastern Mediterranean Dispute: Approaches of the Main Actors
Authors: Başeren Sertaç Hami
Published: March 2021

The Eastern Mediterranean region is said to host five percent of the world’s known natural gas reserves. That stimulates tension when coupled with the aspirations of some states to claim these resources and control their transport to the markets. The claims of Greece and the Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus (GASC), which has always acted as if it were the sole representative of the island, seem to be extreme, given the relevant the rules of international law. In order to achieve its aspirations over Libya, France has recently intervened in regional developments on the side of Greece. Turkey has declared that its continental shelf in the Eastern Mediterranean extends up to 28° E longitude and that the western boundary of the Turkish continental shelf to the west of this longitude shall be drawn through equitable agreements with all concerned states. Turkey has also taken certain preventive measures to protect its rights and interests by making particular references to the relevant rules of international law. The present commentary examines the real motivations behind the acts of all sides and reviews their justifications with reference to international law, with particular reference to Turkey’s actions
Trump’s Coup and Insurrection and Biden’s challenge and opportunity
Authors: Parmar Inderjeet
Published: March 2021

President Donald Trump’s attempted coup and insurrection’s political effects are set to continue in the future because the enabling conditions have deep historical roots, its support reaches far into the U.S. state, broad sections of the Republican Party and electorate, military, and law enforcement. It will have national and global implications. There is a feeling that the imperial homeland is on the brink of a descent into the abyss. Although the U.S. political system appears to have squeaked through a major stress test, the political reverberations of Trumpism will remain for some time to come. There is no ‘return to normalcy’ the country craves for, without reforms to a system that advantages the politics of extremism in the Republican Party. President Biden has the challenge and opportunity to extirpate Trumpism and white supremacy from the U.S. body politic –but does he have the political will?
The al-Ula GCC Summit: An End to Gulf Rivalry or Mere Truce?
Authors: Kabalan Marwan
Published: March 2021

Three-and-a-half-years into the crisis that struck the heart of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the 41st Gulf Summit, held on January 5, 2021, in the Saudi city of al-Ula, brought the blockade of Qatar to an end. The summits final communiqué stated that the GCC member states will “stand together as one to confront any threat to the security of the block” and prevent any “violation of sovereignty of any member state.”1 According to the Saudi Foreign Minister, Faisal bin Farhan, “points of disagreement with Qatar have been solved.”2 The Saudi minister declined to give more details on the compromises the two sides may have agreed on and the timeframe for their implementation. Lack of enthusiasm in the state-owned media on both sides of the fence suggests, however, that the agreement will merely return the relationship between the parties to the pre-June 5, 2017 position. So far, the two sides blame COVID-19 for ‘social distancing.’ Trade has not been fully resumed and cross-borders movement of goods and peoples remain low. It is assumed that cold peace is likely to prevail until the two sides re-establish mutual trust, which was badly damaged, especially at the level of the heads of states.
Turkey’s Legal Approach to the Maritime Disputes in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Acer Yücel
Published: March 2021

For more than a decade, the states bordering the Eastern Mediterranean Sea have been in disagreement over the delineation of their maritime boundaries. The disagreements concern various parts of the region and create enormous political tension over energy-related activities. Ever since Egypt and the Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus (GASC) signed the very first delimitation agreement of the region, without securing Turkey’s involvement, Turkey has issued many official statements and carried out energy-related activities in the region. Based on the principle that maritime delimitation should be carried out to reach an equitable solution by taking all the relevant circumstances into account, Turkey has developed a comprehensive legal approach as to the maritime delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean and even submitted a map to the UN to demonstrate Turkey’s claimed continental shelf and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) areas. The details of this comprehensive approach should be examined, to identify both the claims of Turkey over the maritime borders and the related legal arguments.
Application of indirect Hamiltonian tomography to complex systems with short coherence times
Authors: Maruyama Koji , Burgarth Daniel , Ishizaki Akihito , Takui Takeji , Whaley K. Birgitta
Published: March 2021

The identification of parameters in the Hamiltonian that describes complex many-body quantum systems is generally a very hard task. Recent attention has focused on such problems of Hamiltonian tomography for networks constructed with two-level systems. For open quantum systems, the fact that injected signals are likely to decay before they accumulate sufficient information for parameter estimation poses additional challenges. In this paper, we consider use of the gateway approach to Hamiltonian tomography \cite{Burgarth2009,Burgarth2009a} to complex quantum systems with a limited set of state preparation and measurement probes. We classify graph properties of networks for which the Hamiltonian may be estimated under equivalent conditions on state preparation and measurement. We then examine the extent to which the gateway approach may be applied to estimation of Hamiltonian parameters for network graphs with non-trivial topologies mimicking biomolecular systems.
Blind reconciliation
Authors: Martinez-Mateo Jesus , Elkouss David , Martin Vicente
Published: March 2021

Information reconciliation is a crucial procedure in the classical post-processing of quantum key distribution (QKD). Poor reconciliation efficiency, revealing more information than strictly needed, may compromise the maximum attainable distance, while poor performance of the algorithm limits the practical throughput in a QKD device. Historically, reconciliation has been mainly done using close to minimal information disclosure but heavily interactive procedures, like \textit{Cascade}, or using less efficient but also less interactive ---just one message is exchanged--- procedures, like the ones based in low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The price to pay in the LDPC case is that good efficiency is only attained for very long codes and in a very narrow range centered around the quantum bit error rate (QBER) that the code was designed to reconcile, thus forcing to have several codes if a broad range of QBER needs to be catered for. Real world implementations of these methods are thus very demanding, either on computational or communication resources or both, to the extent that the last generation of GHz clocked QKD systems are finding a bottleneck in the classical part. In order to produce compact, high performance and reliable QKD systems it would be highly desirable to remove these problems. Here we analyse the use of short-length LDPC codes in the information reconciliation context using a low interactivity, \textit{blind}, protocol that avoids an a priori error rate estimation. We demonstrate that $2 \times 10^3$ bits length LDPC codes are suitable for blind reconciliation. Such codes are of high interest in practice, since they can be used for hardware implementations with very high throughput.
Multiqubit entanglement of a general input state
Authors: Behrman Elizabeth C. , Steck James E.
Published: March 2021

Measurement of entanglement remains an important problem for quantum information. We present the design and simulation of an experimental method for an entanglement indicator for a general multiqubit state. The system can be in a pure or a mixed state, and it need not be ``close'' to any particular state. The system contains information about its own entanglement; we use dynamic learning methods to map this information onto a single experimental measurement which is our entanglement indicator. Our method does not require prior state reconstruction or lengthy optimization. An entanglement witness emerges from the learning process, beginning with two-qubit systems, and extrapolating this to three, four, and five qubit systems where the entanglement is not well understood. Our independently learned measures for three-qubit systems compare favorably with known entanglement measures. As the size of the system grows the amount of additional training necessary diminishes, raising hopes for applicability to large computational systems.
Commuting quantum circuits: efficiently classical simulations versus hardness results
Authors: Ni Xiaotong , van den Nest Maarten
Published: March 2021

The study of quantum circuits composed of commuting gates is particularly useful to understand the delicate boundary between quantum and classical computation. Indeed, while being a restricted class, commuting circuits exhibit genuine quantum effects such as entanglement. In this paper we show that the computational power of commuting circuits exhibits a surprisingly rich structure. First we show that every 2-local commuting circuit acting on $d$-level systems and followed by single-qudit measurements can be efficiently simulated classically with high accuracy. In contrast, we prove that such strong simulations are hard for 3-local circuits. Using sampling methods we further show that all commuting circuits composed of exponentiated Pauli operators $e^{i\theta P}$ can be simulated efficiently classically when followed by single-qubit measurements. Finally, we show that commuting circuits can efficiently simulate certain non-commutative processes, related in particular to constant-depth quantum circuits. This gives evidence that the power of commuting circuits goes beyond classical computation.
Entanglement capabilities of the spin representation of (3+1)D-conformal transformations
Authors: Scharnhorst Klaus
Published: March 2021

Relying on a mathematical analogy of the pure states of the two-qubit system of quantum information theory with four-component spinors we introduce the concept of the intrinsic entanglement of spinors. To explore its physical sense we study the entanglement capabilities of the spin representation of (pseudo-) conformal transformations in (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski space-time. We find that only those tensor product structures can sensibly be introduced in spinor space for which a given spinor is not entangled.
Subsystem surface codes with three-qubit check operators
Authors: Bravyi Sergey , Duclos-Cianci Guillaume , Poulin David , Suchara Martin
Published: March 2021

We propose a simplified version of the Kitaev's surface code in which error correction requires only three-qubit parity measurements for Pauli operators XXX and ZZZ. The new code belongs to the class of subsystem stabilizer codes. It inherits many favorable properties of the standard surface code such as encoding of multiple logical qubits on a planar lattice with punctured holes, efficient decoding by either minimum-weight matching or renormalization group methods, and high error threshold. The new subsystem surface code (SSC) gives rise to an exactly solvable Hamiltonian with 3-qubit interactions, topologically ordered ground state, and a constant energy gap. We construct a local unitary transformation mapping the SSC Hamiltonian to the one of the ordinary surface code thus showing that the two Hamiltonians belong to the same topological class. We describe error correction protocols for the SSC and determine its error thresholds under several natural error models. In particular, we show that the SSC has error threshold approximately $0.6\%$ for the standard circuit-based error model studied in the literature. We also consider a model in which three-qubit parity operators can be measured directly. We show that the SSC has error threshold approximately 0.97% in this setting.
Evaluation of wound healing activity of alpha mangostin ointment in rats
Authors: Sasikala Chinnappan  , Venkatalakshmi Ranganathan  , Jithendra Panneerselvam  , Barani Karikalan  , Thivashini vasanthan  , Wong Shienrun
Published: March 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the wound healing effects of alpha mangostin ointment using excision wound model. Twenty rats were divided into four groups of five rats each; group I was treated with ointment base (control), whereas group II, group III and group IV were treated with 10% (w/w) povidone-iodine (standard), alpha mangostin 1% (w/w), and alpha mangostin 2 % (w/w) respectively for wound healing evaluations. The size of the wound area was measured, and the reduction in the wound size was calculated, and the tissues examined histologically. The significant difference in the wound size reduction between the control and treated group (p<0.05) was observed in wound healing activity. Histopathological studies showed a lesser number of chronic inflammatory cells, lesser oedema and increased collagenisation in the test than control. This study showed that the alpha mangostin topical ointment could be a promising candidate for the betterment of wound care.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIPHTERIA IN PURWAKARTA REGENCY INDONESIA
Authors: Wijayanti Siwi Pramatama Mars , Fadillah Alfianti Nur
Published: March 2021

Background: Diphtheria is considered as a neglected disease since it was successfully eliminated in many countries. However, there were several sporadic re-emergence cases of Diphtheria and the peak was outbreak in Indonesia in 2017.  This research was a descriptive study aimed to explore epidemiology of diphtheria by person, time and place in one of diphtheria endemic area.Methods: This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design in Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia in 2018. Several data were collected in this study such as diphtheria cases by age, time of occurrence, gender, place and immunization status. The data was collected from Purwakarta Health Office. It was the data from the year of 2015-2017. The data was analysed by using descriptive analysis with percentages displayed in graphs and tables.Results: This study reveals that Purwakarta regency is an endemic area of diphtheria with fluctuated cases since 2015-2017. More cases of diphtheria occurred from September to December in rainy season. More cases suffered by children in 5-9 years old, however, this disease also infected adult population. The area with high diphtheria cases in this study also areas with high population densities which is conducive for C diphteriae transmission. Low coverage of immunization is highlighted in the result of this study, which could explain why diphtheria cases occurred continuously in this area.Conclusions: High number of diphtherias in this area should be an awareness for local health officer to do an effective preventive effort such as increasing the coverage of vaccination. Furthermore, optimizing the role of religious and community leader should be made to support diphtheria vaccination programs.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND DENGUE IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Fatmawati Fajar , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati
Published: March 2021

Background: Climate change is a global issue because of its impact on environmental and human health. No exception for Indonesia, an archipelago state with a tropical climate. Climate change potentially influences the mosquitos borne disease, including dengue fever, which poses a vulnerability to the Indonesian populations. This article aims to review the association and the impact of climate change to dengue fever, particularly in Indonesia and to inform the policymaker on directing the adaptation option.Methods: Of thirteen peer review articles were included in this review sourced from google scholar database.Results: Climate change affects dengue incidence in Indonesia due to climate variability.Conclusions: It is essential to Strengthen the surveillance system and provide an early warning system (EWS) based on climate information.Keywords: Climate change, dengue, Indonesia
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREECLAMPSIA AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) IN WONOSARI, GUNUNGKIDUL REGIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi , Puspitasari Elika
Published: March 2021

Background: Globally, the infant and maternal mortality rate is still a severe problem because it was an indicator of national health – no exceptions for Indonesia. In 2017, the average infant mortality rate was 76 per 1,000 live births, while in Yogyakarta, it was 313 cases. The most common causes of infant and neonatal mortality were low birth weight babies (LBW) and sepsis. In 2018 in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital found 1,421 new-borns were normal, and 298 infants were experiencing LBW. This study aims to determine preeclampsia's relationship with the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital Year 2018.Methods: This research was conducted in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital, using quantitative analysis with a case-control approach. The case population was 280 and using the Slovin formula. We recruited 170 controls and 170 cases. Inclusion criteria used include (1) Babies born with low birth weight <2,500 grams; (2) a single fetus; and (3) recorded in the medical record at the hospital.Results: There was a significant relationship between preeclampsia with low-birth-weight babies (LBW) in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital 2018 with a p-value of 0.004 (p <0.05) and crude OR 2.114; 95% CI (1.268-3.523).Conclusions: Pregnant women with preeclampsia will be at greater risk of giving birth to a baby with LBW.
Pacific volunteering: A personal perspective
Authors: Faleolo Moses
Published: March 2021

No description supplied
Practical Promotion of Basic Education to Reduce Burden and Improve Quality of Thinking and Suggestions
Authors: Chen Yuqi
Published: March 2021

How to effectively implement the work of reducing the burden of basic education has been concerned by people. By using the knowledge of game theory, this paper analyzes the behavioral goals of the relevant subjects in reducing the burden of basic education, and puts forward some suggestions. We should change the "focus" to "characteristics" and guide the diversified development of primary and secondary education. By adjusting the matching degree of various levels of education, the pressure of entering school can be reduced. Through social reform, the interests of different classes were adjusted and the residual negative influence of imperial examination culture was eliminated, so as to successfully remove the stumbling block of "excessive academic burden" in the educational reform of the new era and create conditions for cultivating a large number of outstanding talents needed for national development and national rejuvenation.
An Analysis on Students’ Chinese Learning Needs of Confucius Institute at Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Authors: Lu Xing
Published: March 2021

Hasanuddin University in Indonesia through a questionnaire, the key point is to understand the learning needs of students and to make suggestions for optimizing the curriculum and teaching methods of Chinese teachers. Due to the limited time and conditions, there are some deficiencies in this study. As there are many factors affecting the learning needs, the questionnaire may not cover the whole content, it can only reflect the learning needs of learners, and cannot be used as an accurate measure. The study focused on comprehensive learning needs, so it was not compare the learning needs of students from the two teaching sites, nor was it compare the learning needs of male and female learners, these questions also require precise analysis by subsequent researchers. In addition, although the optimization of the proposal has a certain practicality, but still need to practice and improve.
Exploring the bidirectional relationship between chronic disease and depression among female Syrian refugees and Jordanians: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Sharp Madison , Kara Janine , Almidani Salma , Ahram Mamoun , Mahmoud Refqi , Khoshnood Kaveh
Published: March 2021

Background: Nearly 700 000 Syrian refugees currently reside in Jordan. Chronic disease and neuropsychiatric conditions are leading contributors of morbidity among refugee and host communities. The bidirectional relationship between depression and chronic disease is not well studied among displaced Syrian or Jordanian women. Aims: This qualitative study explores the bidirectional relationship between chronic illness and comorbid depression, as well as related themes, among Jordanian and Syrian women with known chronic disease—populations that receive medical care through distinct and evolving health care structures—to assist providers and policy makers in creating culturally sensitive interventions. Methods: Forty Jordanian women and Syrian refugees with chronic disease were interviewed at four clinical settings in Amman, Jordan. Data collection occurred from June–August 2017. Content analysis was completed with Dedoose, a qualitative coding software. Results: The majority of Syrian women endorsed a relationship between their chronic disease and depression. Some women felt too depressed to take medication for chronic conditions, while others felt depression contributed to chronic illnesses. Syrian women reported less perceived social support than Jordanian women. Although some Syrians were unable to afford medications, they reported fewer negative health care experiences than Jordanians. Both populations endorsed female-specific hardships impacting their mental health, including the demands of motherhood, household duties, and marital strife. Conclusion: This study explores the intersection of depression and chronic disease among Syrian and Jordanian women. By documenting stressors and experiences accessing health care, mental health and chronic disease interventions can be integrated and tailored to these populations.