bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging and introvoxel incoherent motion in assessment of pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qingqiang , Zhu Wenrong , Wu Jingtao , Chen Wenxin , Ye Jing , Ling Jun
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To quantitatively compare the diagnostic values of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and introvoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis of microstructural differences for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods:

Multiple b value DWIs and IVIMs were performed in patients with 146 ccRCCs, 42 with Grade Ⅰ, 46 with Grade Ⅱ, 28 with Grade Ⅲ and 30 with Grade Ⅳ. These tumours were divided into low (Ⅰ+Ⅱ, n = 88) and high grades (Ⅲ+Ⅳ, n = 58). The diagnostic efficacy of various diffusion parameters for predicting ccRCC grades was compared.

Results:

The mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of IVIM images at b = 0, 800 and 1500 s/mm2 were 31.9, 12.3 and 8.4, respectively. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), D and D* values correlated negatively with ccRCC grading (r = -0.786,–0.913, −0879, p < 0.05). f values correlated positively with ccRCC grading (r = 0.811, p < 0.05). The ADC, D and D* values were higher for Grade Ⅱ ccRCC than that of Grade Ⅲ ccRCC (p < 005), however, f values were higher for Grade Ⅲ ccRCC than that of Grade Ⅱ ccRCC (p < 005). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that D values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating low/high and Ⅱ/Ⅲ ccRCC grading. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the D values were 0.963, 0.960; 90.9%, 89.1%; 81.0%,78.6 and 89.0%, 87.8%, respectively. For pairwise comparisons of receiver operating characteristic curves and diagnostic efficacy, ADC was worse than IVIM (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

IVIM parameters have better performance than ADC in differentiating ccRCC grading, given an adequate SNR of IVIM images.

Advances in knowledge:

1. D values had the highest diagnostic efficacy in differentiating low/high and Ⅱ/Ⅲ ccRCC grading. 2. IVIM parameters have better performance than ADC in differentiating ccRCC grading, given an adequate SNR of IVIM images. 3. The ADC, D and D* values correlated negatively with ccRCC grading, however, f values correlated positively with ccRCC grading.
Protruding anterior medial meniscus and posterior tibial translation as secondary signs of complete and partial posterior cruciate ligament tear
Authors: Ahn Do Yeon , Park Hee Jin , Kim Myung Sub , Kim Ji Na , Hong Seok Woo , Kim Eugene , Lee Yong Taek
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To evaluate whether measurement of protruding anterior meniscus in the medial compartment (PAMM) and posterior tibial translation (PTT) can be used as a secondary sign of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear for differential diagnosis of partial or complete tear.

Methods:

21 cases with complete PCL tear, 35 cases with partial PCL tear, and 55 normal cases were reviewed in this retrospective study. PTT and PAMM were measured from the MR images associated with each case. Non-parametric data were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction to compare differences among the three groups: complete tear, partial tear, and controls

Results:

There were significant differences in the median values of PAMM among the three groups, and with PAMM increasing as the grade of PCL injury increased. However, there were no significant differences in median PTT among the three groups. Median PAMM in the partial and complete tear groups was significantly higher than in subjects without PCL rupture (adjusted p-value <0.05). Although median PAMM in subjects in the complete tear group tended to be higher than in those with a partial tear, this difference was not statistically significant (adjusted p-values ≥0.418).

Conclusion:

PAMM is more useful finding than PTT and can predict PCL tear with or without posterior instability. However, PAMM cannot differentiate partial tear and complete tear of the PCL.

Advances in knowledge

PAMM is more useful finding than PTT and can predict PCL tear with or without posterior instability. However, PAMM cannot differentiate partial tear and complete tear of the PCL.
Lessons learned in virulence factor identification and data management from a hackathon on microbial virulence
Authors: Pickett Brett E. , Connor Ryan , Berhanu-Denka Tamiru , Bhalla Sherry , Brover Vyacheslav , Chambers Michael James , Chaudhary Kumardeep , Cissé Ousmane H. , Dillman Allissa , Elmassry Moamen M. , Feldgarden Michael , Holloway Eric , Huang Xin , Klimke William , Inês Mendes Catarina , Norred S. Elizabeth , Parkinson Jonathan , Sevilla Samantha , Garcia Solache Monica , Surujon Defne , Torian Udana , Zalunin Vadim , Busby Ben
Published: February 2022

Virulence is a complex mix of microbial traits and host susceptibility that could ultimately lead to disease. The increased prevalence of multidrug resistant infections complicates treatment options, augmenting the need for developing robust computational methods and pipelines that enable researchers and clinicians to rapidly identify the underlying mechanism(s) of virulence in any given sample/isolate. Consequently, the National Center for Biotechnology and Information at the National Institutes of Health hosted an in-person hackathon in Bethesda, Maryland during July 2019 to assist with developing cloud-based methods to reduce reliance on local computational infrastructure. Groups of attendees were assigned tasks that are relevant to identifying relevant tools, constructing pipelines capable of identifying microbial virulence factors, and managing the associated data and metadata. Specifically, the assigned tasks consisted of the following: data indexing, metabolic functions, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance, mobile elements in enterococci, and metatranscriptomics. The cloud-based framework established by this hackathon can be augmented and built upon by the research community to aid in the rapid identification of microbial virulence factors.
Case Report: Successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarian with acute-on-chronic kidney disease and total atrioventricular block after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Andrianto Andrianto , Laksmi Ni Putu Anggun , Herdyanto Rio
Published: February 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) is frequently complicated by the worsening of renal function. Undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) becomes crucial to a patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). With appropriate management of MI, acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) requiring dialysis post-MI remains an important clinical predictor of elevated in-hospital mortality among patients with MI. 

In this study, we reported an octogenarian patient suffering from STEMI with ACKD and total atrioventricular block (TAVB). She underwent insertion of a temporary pacemaker and primary PCI. Renal function was improved after dialysis by decreasing the amount of serum creatinine from 8.1 mg/dL at admission to 1.05 mg/dL after primary PCI and dialysis. Primary PCI should still be considered for patients with acute MI, even though these patients have kidney disease, to save the heart muscle and even indirectly improve the kidney function itself.
Anxiety level among newly hired nurse in a specialized oncology hospital: An observational study
Authors: Alhroub Ahmad , Albakri Hebah , Al-Awaysheh Hedaia , Alloubani Aladeen
Published: February 2022

Background: Anxiety is common among oncology nurses due to the complexity of oncology patients' needs and demands. The current study aimed to assess the anxiety level among newly hired nurses in a specialized oncology hospital throughout their initial period of employment, deploying a General Nursing Orientation (GNO) and the Clinical Resource Nurse (CRN) role.

Methods: A longitudinal one-group repeated measure design was used. Participants' demographics sheet and Sate-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults questionnaire were used. A total of 181 newly hired nurses participated in the study.

Results: The anxiety level among newly hired oncology nurses was (mean=38.65, SD=9.58) at the beginning of GNO, and the level of anxiety was highest after 90 days of employment (mean=45.71, SD=7.20). The level of anxiety among newly hired oncology nurses increased gradually from day one of the GNO, the last day of GNO, and finally, after 90 days of employment.

Conclusions: Nurses working in oncology workplaces face anxiety. It is important to seek nursing administrators' attention to apply proper strategies to decrease the anxiety level among newly hired nurses to help them smoothly fit into a new team to ensure safe patient care.
Contribution of BCR-ABL molecular variants and leukemic stem cells in response and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a review
Authors: Al Hamad Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm generated by reciprocal chromosomal translocation, t (9; 22) (q34; q11) in the transformed hematopoietic stem cell. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the mature proliferating BCR-ABL cells, the major CML driver, and increase overall and disease-free survival. However, mutant clones, pre-existing or due to therapy, develop resistance against TKIs. BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein activates various molecular pathways including the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, JAK2/STAT pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Stimulation of these pathways in TKI resistant CML patients, make them a new target. Moreover, a small proportion of CML cells, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), persist during the TKI therapy and sustain the disease in the patient. Engraftment of LSCs in the bone marrow niche and dysregulation of miRNA participate greatly in the TKI resistance. Current efforts are needed for determining the reason behind TKI resistance, identification, and elimination of CML LSC might be of great need for cancer cure.
Care-seeking behaviour of adolescents with patellofemoral pain: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Skovdal Rathleff Michael , Rams Rathleff Camilla , Lykkegaard Olesen Jens , Roos Ewa M , Rasmussen Sten , Andreucci Alessandro , Bach Jensen Martin
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the care-seeking behaviour among adolescents with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Methods: This retrospective study included data on 121 adolescents with PFP enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. A questionnaire was sent to the general practitioner (GP) of each adolescent, assessing information on the consultation dates for knee pain, potential diagnoses, and treatment provided.

Results: 106/121 adolescents had been in contact with their GP, and 95 medical records of adolescents were available. Of the 95 adolescents with available medical records 60 had consulted their GP for knee pain. The median number of contacts was 1.5 (range 1-7). The GPs initiated treatment for 48 of the 60 adolescents and in most cases it was information and advice (36/48) or pain medication to a minor extent (6/48). Out of the 60 adolescents who consulted their GP 26 were subsequently referred to different types of health care professionals, in 11 out of 26 to physiotherapy, but also to the department of rheumatology or orthopaedics.

Conclusions: 63% of adolescents diagnosed with PFP had previously consulted their GP due to knee pain. Several types of treatments were initiated by the GP, but most commonly advice and information were given. Standardized and evidence-based treatment guidelines for adolescent knee pain in general practice are needed
The fog of enlargement and the agony of accession: the European Union and Serbia in the light of a reform document.
Authors: Samardžić Slobodan , Kovačević Bojan
Published: February 2022

The 2009 public debt crisis onset triggered a fundamental constitutional transformation of the European Union (EU). What is the link between this transformation and the enlargement policy? The authors of the article seek an answer to this question. The main thesis is that the method of impersonal authoritarianism in dealing with the Eurozone crisis spilled over into the EU enlargement policy. On the one hand, we consider the systemic reasons for turning the enlargement policy into an instrument of geopolitical control of the states on the outer periphery. On the other hand, the problem is considered from the point of view of Serbia’s interest as an EU membership candidate country. The authors conclude that opening space for innovation and flexibility in relations would be in the mutual interest of the EU and candidate countries. The analysis of the new enlargement policy reform proposal examines the readiness of European leaders to open the door for a new type of relations with the candidate countries that would correspond to today’s European reality of the historical interregnum.
¿Un Derecho penal «de» la comunidad?
Authors: Pena González Wendy
Published: February 2022

El comunitarismo es una de las corrientes filosóficas que tienen mayor presencia en el debate académico actual, oponiéndose a las premisas del liberalismo. Así, el comunitarismo defiende la preeminencia de los valores éticos existentes en las comunidades y la pertenencia a las mismas sobre las nociones de derechos y justicia. Este artículo analiza la legitimidad de la influencia de la filosofía comunitarista sobre el Derecho penal, mediante el estudio de la configuración de un Derecho penal articulado sobre la defensa de los valores éticos comunitarios. Así, se comienza analizando el binomio comunitarismo-liberalismo, se estudia también la posición de la doctrina en relación con la neutralidad liberal y las posiciones relativas a la existencia de un mínimo ético, defendiendo que el Derecho penal debe ser neutral sin reflejar los valores dominantes en una comunidad dada. Además, se analizan diferentes manifestaciones del Derecho penal comunitarista (el Derecho penal del enemigo, el Derecho penal de aporofobia y los delitos políticos), concluyendo con su inadmisibilidad en el marco de los Estados democráticos y de Derecho.
Persona Civil y los Legados Esencialistas en la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Sánchez Mera Silvina
Published: February 2022

El estatus de civil es fundamental en el derecho penal internacional, puesto que son las víctimas por excelencia en los crímenes de lesa humanidad y en los de guerra. Sin embargo, el concepto se originó en el derecho de la guerra donde la idea del civil se construyó en torno a ciertas características que se le adscriben como esenciales. Este concepto y sus esencialismos han sido trasladados al campo del derecho penal internacional. Empleando una metodología feminista, este artículo busca mostrar esta construcción del civil como débil, pasivo, sumiso y femenino y cómo se manifiesta y naturaliza en la práctica de la Corte Penal Internacional (cpi). Se argumenta que esos esencialismos impiden una justicia de género a la vez que dan lugar a la impunidad al no representar correctamente las experiencias de las víctimas y silenciar ciertos crímenes.
How Viewer Tuning, Presence, and Attention Respond to Ad Content and Predict Brand Search Lift
Authors: McGranaghan Matthew , Liaukonyte Jura , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: February 2022

This paper uses data from a new technology that passively and continuously measures TV viewer presence and attention, enabling the first distinction between true ad exposures from ads that air to empty rooms.
Dynamic Learning and Decision Making via Basis Weight Vectors
Authors: Zhang Hao
Published: February 2022

A New Method for Dynamic Learning and Doing

For a large class of learning-and-doing problems, two processes are intertwined in the analysis: a forward process that updates the decision maker’s belief or estimate of the unknown parameter, and a backward process that computes the expected future values. The mainstream literature focuses on the former process. In contrast, in “Dynamic Learning and Decision Making via Basis Weight Vectors,” Hao Zhang proposes a new method based on pure backward induction on the continuation values created by feasible continuation policies. When the unknown parameter is a continuous variable, the method represents each continuation-value function by a vector of weights placed on a set of basis functions. The weight vectors that are potentially useful for the optimal solution can be found backward in time exactly (for very small problems) or approximately (for larger problems). A simulation study demonstrates that an approximation algorithm based on this method outperforms some popular algorithms in the linear contextual bandit literature when the learning horizon is short.
Reprodutibilidade de questionário sobre aspectos psicossociais relacionados ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças em adolescente
Authors: Vasconcelos Thais Meirelles , Monteiro Luana Silva , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Sichieri Rosely , Pereira Rosangela Alves
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Realizar adaptação transcultural e avaliar a reprodutibilidade de questionário sobre aspectos psicossociais associados ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças de adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo teste-reteste, realizado em 2015, com 92 adolescentes estudantes de escola pública de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Realizou-se a adaptação transcultural das questões relativas ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças do questionário costarriquenho “Aspectos Psicosociales Asociados a la Nutrición y Actividad Física de Adolescentes”, o qual possuía cinco dimensões, distribuídas em 46 questões, que avaliavam a influência da autoeficácia, família, pares, imagem corporal e mídia/meio sobre o consumo. Avaliou-se a reprodutibilidade por meio da comparação de dados obtidos em duas aplicações do instrumento. Utilizaram-se a estatística kappa e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Resultados: As análises mostraram que para 60% das questões, o valor do kappa foi estatisticamente significativo (p<0,05) e variou entre 0,21 e 0,52, indicando concordância razoável ou moderada. Os aspectos psicossociais que apresentaram maior concordância foram a autoeficácia (ICC 0,75), a família (ICC 0,59), a imagem corporal (ICC 0,47) e os pares (ICC 0,30). Conclusão: O questionário apresenta boa reprodutibilidade e permite avaliar aspectos psicossociais específicos relacionados ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças em adolescentes. O questionário testado oferece subsídios importantes para o desenvolvimento e aplicação de programas e ações voltados para promoção da alimentação saudável entre adolescentes.
The Rise of Lue Chiang Kham: Commoditization and Consumption of an Identity
Authors:   PhD Student in Social Sciences (International Program), Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Yangcheepsutjarit Urai
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT The Lue (Tai Lue) have various approaches to represent their identity and each approach seems to tell of an identity. Extensive studies have investigated the Lue community in Chiang Kham District, Phayao Province, Northern Thailand, however, no study has focused on how the term Lue Chiang Kham came to exist and through what channels this identity is expressed. By drawing on data collected in April 2021, including online interviews, and by engaging with the secondary literature and employing Baudrillard’s ‘sign-value’ concept, this paper argues that the term or identity Lue Chiang Kham began consolidating in the 1990s through the annual festival “Seub San Tam Nan Tai-Lue” (Preserving Tai-Lue’s Legacy), which coincided with the rise in status and power of the elite and middle class Lue people of Chiang Kham. The festival is conceptualized by this paper as a seductive process merging diverse Lue and non-Lue groups under a collective consciousness of being or relating to Lue Chiang Kham by producing and consuming two specific textile commodities. Today it is common to hear and see these groups identify themselves as Lue Chiang Kham despite acting on the surface in accordance with Thai mainstream society. Keywords: Commodities, Lue Chiang Kham, Sign-value, Textiles
From Sipsongpanna to Chiang Kham: The Reconstruction of Lue Identity in Contemporary Thailand
Authors:   PhD. Candidate in Social Sciences (International Program), Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Yu Wanjiao
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT A new Tai Lue identity is produced when Tai Lue people in Chiang Kham District, Thailand involve in local cultural revival and economic development. This new identity is a Thai-Tai Lue identity: “Lue Muang Thai”, as they call themselves, and is constructed based on their situations in and expectations of contemporary Thailand. Sipsongpanna, as an important cultural symbol of Lue, still plays an important role in constructing the new Lue identity, but Chiang Kham Tai Lue elites clearly know differences between Lue Sipsongpanna and Lue Muang Thai. For ordinary Chiang Kham Tai Lue, their Lue identity comes from the Lue villages in Thailand without any reference to Sipsongpanna. Lue identity is a strategy for them to gain more resources and capital. This is why Lue identity has been strongly performed in public spaces, while it is hard to find any performances of “Lue” identity in their family life. The “Lue Chiang Kham” identity emerges as one product in the process of constructing a new Tai Lue identity. Keywords: Thai-Tai Lue identity; Lue Muang Thai; Localized Lue identity; Lue Chiang Kham
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) and Soybean (Glycine max L.) Classification in Greenhouse Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Chemometrics Methods
Authors: Costa Cristiano , Zhang Yu , Howatt Kirk , Ram Billy , Stenger John , Nowatzki John , Bajwa Sreekala , Sun Xin
Published: February 2022

Highlights

Hyperspectral image processing was used to classify Palmer amaranth and soybean species.

Chemometrics methods (PCA, PLS-DA, and SIMCA) were used to extract features and establish classification models.

Abstract. Herbicide-resistant weed species are one of the largest threats to modern agriculture, as ineffective weed control results in significant yield losses or increased costs through alternatives such as mechanical methods. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) has been one of the most troublesome weeds. Its identification through the adoption of site-specific weed management systems will help farmers select more appropriate control options to reduce costs and improve efficacy, resulting in increased farm revenue. In this study, a pixel-wised method was evaluated for the classification of Palmer amaranth and soybean (Glycine max L.). A pushbroom hyperspectral imagery acquisition system was used to collect imagery from 224 spectral bands ranging from 400 to 1000 nm. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in three different runs. Greenhouse-grown plants were evaluated to generate predictive models from paired samples generated with 56 replications in each run. Data collection occurred weekly when Palmer amaranth plants were between approximately 2.5 and 12.7 cm tall. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were tested to classify Palmer amaranth and soybean. Half of the dataset (Palmer amaranth = 42, soybean = 42) was used to train the models, and the other half (Palmer amaranth = 42, soybean = 42) was used to test model performance. Preliminary results showed that the PLS-DA model with PLS factors as input had a cumulative variation (R2Y(cum)) of 60% and predictive ability (Q2Y(cum)) of 60%. The SIMCA model showed a cumulative variation of 85% and a predictive ability of 82%. Overall, this study illustrated the capability of hyperspectral imagery to classify Palmer amaranth and soybean, which will increase the efficiency of weed control in modern agriculture. Keywords: Chemometrics methods, Hyperspectral imaging, Palmer amaranth classification.
DETERMINAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS GEOMÉTRICOS, FÍSICOS E QUÍMICOS PARA A GALÁXIA PECULIAR AM0117-412
Authors: Alves Giuana
Published: February 2022

Compreender a estrutura das galáxias e sua formação tem sido uma tarefa árdua aolongo do estudo da ciência extragaláctica, e muitas dúvidas ainda não foram sanadas. Com o intuito que corroborar com o processo investigativo, esse trabalho é fruto de uma análise mais detalhada da galáxia AM 0117-412
IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL DA ENFERMEIRA NO CONTEXTO HOSPITALAR: VERSÕES E INTERPRETAÇÕES DE CENÁRIOS DE PRÁTICA
Authors: Gomes Pimentel Bruno
Published: February 2022

Discutir e construir a identidade profissional da enfermeira faz-se necessário, pois sua fragilidade e conflito podem comprometer a qualidade do cuidado prestado e/ou a gestão do cuidado exercido por essas profissionais. A ausência desta discussão pode ainda contribuir para a falta de clareza das condutas essenciais para essa trabalhadora e de sua importância no processo de trabalho em saúde, tanto por parte dos gestores e outros profissionais como dos usuários do serviço (SANTOS et al., 2019). Diante disto, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a identidade profissional da enfermeira no contexto hospitalar.
MODOS DE DIZER E SER LEITORAS/ ESCRITORAS EM LEIA MULHERES
Authors: Cerqueira Xavier Mirele
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho visa apresentar as principais análises desenvolvidas na pesquisa de Iniciação Científica “Modos de dizer e ser leitoras /escritoras literárias em Leia Mulheres” na qual aprofundamos os estudos sobre a leitura da literatura como prática de funcionamento de discursos no Clube de Leitura Leia Mulheres.
Estudo Fotométrico da EstrelaWASP-2A
Authors: Silva Freitas Raquel
Published: February 2022

Um exoplaneta, por definicao, e um planeta rochoso ou gasoso que orbita uma estrela que nao seja o Sol. Portanto, pertencente a um outro sistema planetario. O exoplaneta estudado neste artigo, WASP-2Ab, orbita a estrela WASP-2A e foi descoberto em 2006 pelo metodo de transito planetario (Daemgen et al. 2009).
LEVANTAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS SEMENTES CRIOULAS EXISTENTES EM COMUNIDADE ATENDIDA PELA INCUBADORA DE INICIATIVAS DA ECONOMIA POPULAR E SOLIDÁRIA – IEPS-UEFS
Authors: Da Silva Araújo Julianna
Published: February 2022

As sementes crioulas, locais ou nativas representam uma grande riqueza sociocultural e ambiental, pois, as mesmas fazem parte da evolução e da história de cada comunidade, sendo elas desenvolvidas e adaptadas pelas pessoas de seu local de origem, passando por diversas gerações e carregando um rico material genético, que possui grande importância para toda a humanidade. Estas sementes representam a garantia da produção para muitos agricultores e correm o risco de serem extintas em determinadas localidades e de perder espaço para as sementes comerciais que vêm sendo fortemente difundidas.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE MODELO FARMACOFÓRICO PARA SELEÇÃO DE POTENCIAIS INIBIDORES DUAIS FRENTE A PTERIDINA REDUTASE 1 E DIIDROFOLATO REDUTASE-TIMIDILATO SINTASE DE Leishmania major
Authors: Dos Santos Sampaio Quézia Lorraine
Published: February 2022

A leishmaniose é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário do gênero Leishmania.De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde estima-se que 700.000 a 1 milhão denovos casos e cerca de 26.000 a 65.000 mortes ocorrem anualmente. Apesar dos dadosepidemiológicos, sua terapia farmacológica é limitada e eficácia espécie dependente,além de contar com fármacos off-label (desenvolvidos para outras finalidades).
AS VARIAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS E OS EFEITOS DA PRECIPITAÇÃO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE AGRÍCOLA DE FEIJÃO (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) E MILHO (ZEA MAYS) EM MONTE SANTO – BA NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2019
Authors: Ribeiro Costa Raissa
Published: February 2022

O clima possui importância ao se tratar das atividades socioeconômicas, principalmente, aquelas relacionadas à produção agrícola (crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade de culturas). A variabilidade climática influencia diretamente a agricultura, em alguns casos, a exemplo do semiárido baiano.
Gastric cancer multicellular spheroid analysis by two-photon microscopy
Authors: Alzeeb George , Dubreuil Matthieu , Arzur Danielle , Rivet Sylvain , Corcos Laurent , Grand Yann Le , Le Jossic-Corcos Catherine
Published: February 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is highly deadly. Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell cultures, known as spheroids, better mimic tumor microenvironment (TME) than standard 2D cultures. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), a major cellular component of TME, promote or restrain cancer cell proliferation, invasion and resistance to drugs. We established spheroids from two human GC cell lines mixed with human primary CAF. Spheroid organization, analyzed by two-photon microscopy, showed CAF in AGS/CAF spheroids clustered in the center, but dispersed throughout in HGT-1/CAF spheroids. Such differences may reflect clonal specificities of GC cell lines and point to the fact that GC should be considered as a highly personalized disease.
Implicit image processing with ghost imaging
Authors: Penketh Harry , Barnes William L. , Bertolotti Jacopo
Published: February 2022

In computational ghost imaging, the object is illuminated with a sequence of known patterns and the scattered light is collected using a detector that has no spatial resolution. Using those patterns and the total intensity measurement from the detector, one can reconstruct the desired image. Here we study how the reconstructed image is modified if the patterns used for the illumination are not the same as the reconstruction patterns and show that one can choose how to illuminate the object, such that the reconstruction process behaves like a spatial filtering operation on the image. The ability to directly measure a processed image allows one to bypass the post-processing steps and thus avoid any noise amplification they imply. As a simple example we show the case of an edge-detection filter.
Integration of an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber with a multimode Yb-doped fiber for high power near-diffraction-limited laser operation
Authors: Li Huizi , Goel Charu , Zang Jichao , Raghuraman Sidharthan , Chen Shaoxiang , Abu Hassan Muhammad Rosdi , Chang Wonkeun , Yoo Seongwoo
Published: February 2022

We proposed and demonstrated mode cleaning in a high-power fiber laser by integrating an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) into a multimode laser cavity of an ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber (YDF). An in-house mode-matched AR-HCF was fusion-spliced to a commercial multimode LMA-YDF, ensuring efficient fundamental mode coupling. The AR-HCF inflicts a high propagation loss selectively on higher-order modes, facilitating fundamental mode operation. Thus, the AR-HCF works as an efficient spatial mode filter embedded in the multimode fiber laser cavity and reinforces preferential amplification of the fundamental mode. Beam quality factor enhancement was achieved from M2 = 2.09 to 1.39 at an output power of 57.7 W (pump-power limited). The beam quality can be further improved by refining the AR-HCF fabrication. The proposed technique has a great potential to be exploited in other multimode fiber laser cavities involving erbium- or thulium-doped fibers and obviates the need for complicated specialty active fiber designs. Compared with the commonly used fiber bending technique, our method can achieve an efficient higher-order mode suppression without inducing mode-field deterioration.
Modeling free-carrier absorption in ultrathin III-V solar cells with light management
Authors: D’Rozario Julia R. , Polly Stephen J. , Nelson George T. , Wilt David , Hubbard Seth M.
Published: February 2022

Ultrathin III-V solar cells with proper light management have become more attractive than their optically thick counterparts as they are less expensive and lightweight, can maintain photon absorption, and have high radiation tolerance for space-related applications. Comprehensive optical modeling efforts have provided pathways to improve device efficiency in ultrathin GaAs solar cells with light trapping structures. Usually, the absorption mechanism known as free-carrier absorption (FCA) is ignored in these models due to the ultrathin layers and the direct bandgap of GaAs. This manuscript reports the significance of considering FCA as a parasitic loss caused by the optical enhancement in highly doped non-active layers between the ultrathin solar cell and backside light trapping structures. We model FCA based on Drude theory in a p-type AlGaAs layer behind ultrathin GaAs solar cells with a planar mirror and cylindrical gratings. Our results show that, depending on the AlGaAs thickness and doping concentration, free carriers will absorb transmitted photons and reduce the backside reflectance, degrading the current and voltage output from ideal conditions. One example shows that for a 300 nm-thick GaAs solar cell, the Ag mirror's peak reflectance decreases nearly 12% when the AlGaAs back layer is 800 nm-thick at a doping concentration of 4x1019 cm−3. Notably, the cylindrical grating designs with 38.5%, 46.5%, and 64.9% AlGaAs coverage resulted in an absolute efficiency reduction of 0.6%, 1.8%, and 2.9% at a doping concentration of 4x1019 cm−3, respectively. This novel study demonstrates that FCA in non-active layers must be properly addressed in the device design to progress the efficiency of ultrathin III-V solar cells with light trapping structures.
Reconstructing subwavelength resolution terahertz holographic images
Authors: Wang Ruoxing , Ren Guanhua , Ren Zhi , Liu Jianlong , Li Songtao , Chen Xianzhong , Li Li
Published: February 2022

Computer-generated holography typically generates terahertz (THz) holographic images with a pixel size larger than wavelength. We propose a multi-foci metalens model to reconstruct THz holographic images with subwavelength resolution. The designed devices are realized based on dielectric metasurfaces consisting of silicon micropillars with spatially variant orientations. By exploiting quasi-continuous profile of focal points as the pixels of a holographic image, a metalens can reconstruct a high-resolution target image on its focal plane. The effects of size and pitch of each sub-diffraction focal point on imaging quality and pixel resolution are discussed. The intensity distribution at each focal point indicates that the reconstructed images have subwavelength resolution. In comparison with conventional hologram designs, this design method can be used to reconstruct THz holographic images with subwavelength resolution, which have potential applications in THz communication, information security and anti-counterfeiting.
High-responsivity photodetector using a grating-gate MOSFET in the 0.8-µm standard CMOS process
Authors: Liu Yaxuan , Tong Ling , Sun Jingye , Fang Yuan , Deng Tao
Published: February 2022

This letter reports a novel photodetector based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with a grating-gate structure, which was fabricated by employing the standard 0.8-µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. The use of a periodical slit structure allows the channel to be generated and exposed on the shallow surface, which makes the transmission and absorption of incident light more efficient, due to the surface plasmon resonance effect. The experimental results show that a responsivity (Rv) greater than 100 A/W was achieved within visible and near-infrared spectra under room temperature. Furthermore, a minimum noise equivalent power of 8.2 fW/Hz0.5 at 15 Hz and a maximum detectivity (D*) of 1.7 × 1012 Jones were obtained. It is believed that the photodetector will be widely used in communication or imaging systems.
K+-doping-induced highly efficient red emission in CsPb(Br,I)3 quantum dot glass toward Rec. 2020 displays
Authors: Lv Xuejie , Lin Hang , Xu Ju , Lin Shisheng , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng
Published: February 2022

It is demonstrated that the incorporation of K+ into CsPb(Br,I)3 perovskite quantum dot glass leads to the simultaneous increases of quantum efficiency and phase stability. The latent mechanism is analyzed via the microstructural and spectroscopic studies. The constructed prototype white-light-emitting diode device yields an ultra-wide color gamut attaining 96% Rec. 2020 standard.
Proposal to generate a pair of intense independently tunable attosecond pulses from undulator radiation
Authors: Tanaka Takashi , Rebernik Ribič Primož
Published: February 2022

We propose and numerically evaluate two schemes to generate a pair of extreme-ultraviolet monocycle pulses with gigawatt-level peak power, whose time delay and central wavelengths can be precisely controlled. The methods are based on coherent emission of radiation by an ultrarelativistic electron beam with a current profile given by a chirped sinusoid, which is generated through the interaction with a conventional broadband laser. The possibility to produce phase-locked attosecond pulses with independently tunable properties in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region has the potential to significantly advance studies of charge dynamics in molecules of biological interests.
Inverse design of invisibility cloaks using the optical theorem
Authors: Slovick Brian , Hellhake Josh
Published: February 2022

We develop and apply an optimization method to design unidirectional invisibility cloaks. Our method is based on minimizing the forward scattering amplitude of the cloaked object which, by the optical theorem, is equivalent to the total cross section. The use of the optical theorem circumvents the need to evaluate and integrate the scattering amplitude over an angle at each iteration, and thus provides a simpler, more computationally efficient objective function to optimize structures. We implement the approach using gradient descent optimization and present several gradient-permittivity unidirectional cloaks that reduce scattering by metallic targets of different sizes and shapes.
Sparse balance: Excitatory-inhibitory networks with small bias currents and broadly distributed synaptic weights
Authors: Khajeh Ramin , Fumarola Francesco , Abbott LF
Published: February 2022

Cortical circuits generate excitatory currents that must be cancelled by strong inhibition to assure stability. The resulting excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance can generate spontaneous irregular activity but, in standard balanced E-I models, this requires that an extremely strong feedforward bias current be included along with the recurrent excitation and inhibition. The absence of experimental evidence for such large bias currents inspired us to examine an alternative regime that exhibits asynchronous activity without requiring unrealistically large feedforward input. In these networks, irregular spontaneous activity is supported by a continually changing sparse set of neurons. To support this activity, synaptic strengths must be drawn from high-variance distributions. Unlike standard balanced networks, these sparse balance networks exhibit robust nonlinear responses to uniform inputs and non-Gaussian input statistics. Interestingly, the speed, not the size, of synaptic fluctuations dictates the degree of sparsity in the model. In addition to simulations, we provide a mean-field analysis to illustrate the properties of these networks.
Viral Parkinsonism: An underdiagnosed neurological complication of Dengue virus infection
Authors: Hopkins Hannah K. , Traverse Elizabeth M. , Barr Kelli L.
Published: February 2022

Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus that is a significant cause of human disease costing billions of dollars per year in medical and mosquito control costs. It is estimated that up to 20% of DENV infections affect the brain. Incidence of DENV infections is increasing, which suggests more people are at risk of developing neurological complications. The most common neurological manifestations of DENV are encephalitis and encephalopathy, and movement disorders such as parkinsonism have been observed. Parkinsonism describes syndromes similar to Parkinson’s Disease where tremors, stiffness, and slow movements are observed. Parkinsonism caused by viral infection is characterized by patients exhibiting at least two of the following symptoms: tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. To investigate DENV-associated parkinsonism, case studies and reports of DENV-associated parkinsonism were obtained from peer-reviewed manuscripts and gray literature. Seven reports of clinically diagnosed DENV-associated parkinsonism and 15 cases of DENV encephalitis, where the patient met the case criteria for a diagnosis of viral parkinsonism were found. Clinically diagnosed DENV-associated parkinsonism patients were more likely to be male and exhibit expressionless face, speech problems, and lymphocytosis. Suspected patients were more likely to exhibit tremor, have thrombocytopenia and low hemoglobin. Viral parkinsonism can cause a permanent reduction in neurons with consequential cognitive and behavior changes, or it can leave a latent imprint in the brain that can cause neurological dysfunction decades after recovery. DENV-associated parkinsonism is underdiagnosed and better adherence to the case definition of viral parkinsonism is needed for proper management of potential sequalae especially if the patient has an ongoing or potential to develop a neurodegenerative disease.
Axenic interspecies and intraclonal hybrid formation in Leishmania: Successful crossings between visceral and cutaneous strains
Authors: Gutiérrez-Corbo Camino , Domínguez-Asenjo Bárbara , Pérez-Pertejo Yolanda , García-Estrada Carlos , Bello Felio J , Balaña-Fouce Rafael , Reguera Rosa M.
Published: February 2022

Diseases caused by trypanosomatids are serious public health concerns in low-income endemic countries. Leishmaniasis is presented in two main clinical forms, visceral leishmaniasis—caused by L. infantum and L. donovani—and cutaneous leishmaniasis—caused by many species, including L. major, L. tropica and L. braziliensis. As for certain other trypanosomatids, sexual reproduction has been confirmed in these parasites, and formation of hybrids can contribute to virulence, drug resistance or adaptation to the host immune system. In the present work, the capability of intraclonal and interspecies genetic exchange has been investigated using three parental strains: L. donovani, L. tropica and L. major, which have been engineered to express different fluorescent proteins and antibiotic resistance markers in order to facilitate the phenotypic selection of hybrid parasites after mating events. Stationary and exponential-phase promastigotes of each species were used, in in vitro experiments, some of them containing LULO cells (an embryonic cell line derived from Lutzomyia longipalpis). Several intraclonal hybrids were obtained with L. tropica as crossing progenitor, but not with L. donovani or L. major. In interspecies crossings, three L. donovani x L. major hybrids and two L. donovani x L. tropica hybrids were isolated, thereby demonstrating the feasibility to obtain in vitro hybrids of parental lines causing different tropism of leishmaniasis. Ploidy analysis revealed an increase in DNA content in all hybrids compared to the parental strains, and nuclear analysis showed that interspecies hybrids are complete hybrids, i.e. each of them showing at least one chromosomal set from each parental. Regarding kDNA inheritance, discrepancies were observed between maxi and minicircle heritage. Finally, phenotypic studies showed either intermediate phenotypes in terms of growth profiles, or a decreased in vitro infection capacity compared to the parental cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that in vitro interspecies outcrossing has been demonstrated between Leishmania species with different tropism, thus contributing to shed light on the mechanisms underlying sexual reproduction in these parasites.
Disparities by race and insurance-status in declines in pediatric ED utilization during the COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Sen Bisakha Pia , Brisendine Anne , Yang Nianlan , Ghosh Pallavi
Published: February 2022

Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) utilization in the U.S. saw large declines during the COVID19 pandemic. What is relatively unexplored is whether the extent of declines differed by race and insurance status. An observational study was conducted using electronic medical record (EMR) data from the largest pediatric ED in Alabama for 2020 and 2019. The four subgroups of interest were African-American (AA), Non-Hispanic White (NHW), privately insured (PRIVATE), and publicly insured or self-insured (PUBLIC-SELF). Percentage changes in the 7-day moving average between dates in 2020 and 2019 were computed for total and high-severity ED visits by subgroup. Trends in percentage changes were plotted. T-tests were used to compare mean changes between subgroups. Large percentage declines in total ED visits and somewhat smaller percentage declines in high-severity visits were observed from March 2020. Declines were consistently larger for AA than NHW and for PUBLIC-SELF than PRIVATE. T-test results indicated mean date-specific percentage declines were significantly larger for AA than NHW for total visits (-38.92% [95% CI: -41.1, -36.8] versus -29.11% [95% CI: -30.8, -27.4]; p<0.001) and high-severity visits (-24.31% [95% CI: -26.2, -22.4] versus -19.49% [95% CI:-21.2, -17.8]; p<0.001), and larger for PUBLIC-SELF than PRIVATE for total visits (-36.32% [95% CI:-38.4, -34.3] versus 27.63% [95% CI:-29.2, -26.0]; p<0.001) and high-severity visits (-21.72% [95% CI: -23.5, -19.9] versus -20.01% [95% CI: -21.7, -18.3]; p = 0.04). In conclusion, significant differences by race and insurance status were observed in the decline in ED visits during the COVID19 pandemic, including high-severity visits. Minority-race and publicly insured or self-insured children often depend on the ED for health needs, lacking a usual source of care. Thus, these findings have worrisome implications regarding unmet healthcare needs and future exacerbations in health disparities.
Laser-equipped gas reaction chamber for probing environmentally sensitive materials at near atomic scale
Authors: Khanchandani Heena , El-Zoka Ayman A. , Kim Se-Ho , Tezins Uwe , Vogel Dirk , Sturm Andreas , Raabe Dierk , Gault Baptiste , Stephenson Leigh T.
Published: February 2022

Numerous metallurgical and materials science applications depend on quantitative atomic-scale characterizations of environmentally-sensitive materials and their transient states. Studying the effect upon materials subjected to thermochemical treatments in specific gaseous atmospheres is of central importance for specifically studying a material’s resistance to certain oxidative or hydrogen environments. It is also important for investigating catalytic materials, direct reduction of an oxide, particular surface science reactions or nanoparticle fabrication routes. This manuscript realizes such experimental protocols upon a thermochemical reaction chamber called the "Reacthub" and allows for transferring treated materials under cryogenic & ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) workflow conditions for characterisation by either atom probe or scanning Xe+/electron microscopies. Two examples are discussed in the present study. One protocol was in the deuterium gas charging (25 kPa D2at 200°C) of a high-manganese twinning-induced-plasticity (TWIP) steel and characterization of the ingress and trapping of hydrogen at various features (grain boundaries in particular) in efforts to relate this to the steel’s hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Deuterium was successfully detected after gas charging but most contrast originated from the complex ion FeOD+signal and the feature may be an artefact. The second example considered the direct deuterium reduction (5 kPa D2at 700°C) of a single crystal wüstite (FeO) sample, demonstrating that under a standard thermochemical treatment causes rapid reduction upon the nanoscale. In each case, further studies are required for complete confidence about these phenomena, but these experiments successfully demonstrate that how an ex-situ thermochemical treatment can be realised that captures environmentally-sensitive transient states that can be analysed by atomic-scale by atom probe microscope.