bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Optimized Lattice Mismatch by Carbon-Dioxide Laser Annealing on (In, Ga) Co-Doped ZnO Multi-Deposition Thin Films Introducing Designed Bottom Layers
Authors: Yun Jaeyong , Bae Min-Sung , Baek Jin Su , Kim Tae Wan , Kim Sung-Jin , Koh Jung-Hyuk
Published: December 2022

In this study, modeling of optimized lattice mismatch by carbon-dioxide annealing on (In, Ga) co-doped ZnO multi-deposition thin films was investigated with crystallography and optical analysis. (In, Ga) co-doped ZnO multi-deposition thin films with various types of bottom layers were fabricated on sapphire substrates by solution synthesis, the spin coating process, and carbon-dioxide laser irradiation with post annealing. (In, Ga) co-doped ZnO multi-deposition thin films with Ga-doped ZnO as the bottom layer showed the lowest mismatch ratio between the substrate and the bottom layer of the film. The carbon-dioxide laser annealing process can improve electrical properties by reducing lattice mismatch. After applying the carbon-dioxide laser annealing process to the (In, Ga) co-doped ZnO multi-deposition thin films with Ga-doped ZnO as the bottom layer, an optimized sheet resistance of 34.5 kΩ/sq and a high transparency rate of nearly 90% in the visible light wavelength region were obtained.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to C1 and C2 Liquid Products on Copper-Decorated Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets
Authors: Suliman Munzir H. , Yamani Zain H. , Usman Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Due to the significant rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and its detrimental environmental effects, the electrochemical CO2 conversion to valuable liquid products has received great interest. In this work, the copper-melamine complex was used to synthesize copper-based electrocatalysts comprising copper nanoparticles decorating thin layers of nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (Cu/NC). The as-prepared electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM and investigated in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) to useful liquid products. The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction was carried out in two compartments of an electrochemical H-Cell, using 0.5 M potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) as an electrolyte; nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to analyze and quantify the liquid products. The electrode prepared at 700 °C (Cu/NC-700) exhibited the best dispersion for the copper nanoparticles on the carbon nanosheets (compared to Cu/NC-600 & Cu/NC-800), highest current density, highest electrochemical surface area, highest electrical conductivity, and excellent stability and faradic efficiency (FE) towards overall liquid products of 56.9% for formate and acetate at the potential of −0.8V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE).
Electrodeposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Using Hydrogel Electrolyte for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Kim Jihyeon , Kim Byung-Kwon , Park Kyungsoon
Published: December 2022

Nanoparticles are used in various fields, including fuel cells, energy conversion devices, and sensors, because of their large surface area and excellent catalytic properties. Although various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles are available, the most popular is the solution-phase reduction of metal ions. Electrodeposition is a method of reducing metal ions in solution and is widely used because of its various advantages. In this study, Ag nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were evenly dispersed on the surface of an electrode by applying electrodeposition in an agarose hydrogel medium instead of in solution, confirming the feasibility of Ag deposition in agarose hydrogel, even at a lower reduction potential than that in solution. These results are attributed to the electrolyte effect owing to the hydrophilic backbone of the agarose hydrogel and the gel effect, which reduces unexpected convection. H2O2 was detected by using the Ag nanoparticles synthesized in agarose hydrogel, and the limit of detection for H2O2 was found to be 4.82 µM, with a dynamic range of 1–500 µM. The nanoparticle synthesis platform proposed in this study is expected to be actively used for the synthesis of other metal/nonmetal nanoparticles.
A Brief Review of Recent Results in Arsenic Adsorption Process from Aquatic Environments by Metal-Organic Frameworks: Classification Based on Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics Behaviors
Authors: Samimi Mohsen , Zakeri Mozhgan , Alobaid Falah , Aghel Babak
Published: December 2022

In nature, arsenic, a metalloid found in soil, is one of the most dangerous elements that can be combined with heavy metals. Industrial wastewater containing heavy metals is considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants, especially for microorganisms and human health. An overabundance of heavy metals primarily leads to disturbances in the fundamental reactions and synthesis of essential macromolecules in living organisms. Among these contaminants, the presence of arsenic in the aquatic environment has always been a global concern. As (V) and As (III) are the two most common oxidation states of inorganic arsenic ions. This research concentrates on the kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have been applied for arsenic ions uptake from aqueous solutions. This review provides an overview of the current capabilities and properties of MOFs used for arsenic removal, focusing on its kinetics and isotherms of adsorption, as well as its thermodynamic behavior in water and wastewater.
Sugar Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Taktouk Mandy , Naalbandian Sally , Aguenaou Hassan , Al Hamad Nawal , Almamary Salima , Al-Tamimi Hend Ali , Alyafei Salah Abdulla , Barham Rawhieh , Hoteit Maha , Hussain Munawar , Massad Hanan , Nasreddine Lara
Published: December 2022

This systematic review aims to identify and characterize existing national sugar reduction initiatives and strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. For this purpose, a systematic review of published and grey literature was performed. A comprehensive list of search terms in the title/abstract/keyword fields was used to cover the four following concepts (1) sugar, (2) reduction OR intake, (3) policy and (4) EMR countries. A total of 162 peer-reviewed documents were identified, until the 2nd of August 2022. The key characteristics of the identified national strategies/initiatives included the average sugar intake of each country’s population; sugar levels in food products/beverages; implementation strategies (taxation; elimination of subsidies; marketing regulation; reformulation; consumer education; labeling; interventions in public institution settings), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Twenty-one countries (95%) implemented at least one type of sugar reduction initiatives, the most common of which was consumer education (71%). The implemented fiscal policies included sugar subsidies’ elimination (fourteen countries; 67%) and taxation (thirteen countries 62%). Thirteen countries (62%) have implemented interventions in public institution settings, compared to twelve and ten countries that implemented food product reformulation and marketing regulation initiatives, respectively. Food labeling was the least implemented sugar reduction initiative (nine countries). Monitoring activities were conducted by four countries only and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Further action is needed to ensure that countries of the region strengthen their regulatory capacities and compliance monitoring of sugar reduction policy actions.
Dietary Pattern Associated with the Risk of Poor Glycemic Control in Chinese Diabetic Adults: Results from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017 Survey
Authors: Li Yuqian , Yu Lianlong , Liu Zhen , Jia Shanshan , Man Qingqing , Zhu Qianrang , Li Cheng , Yang Yuxiang , Liu Beibei , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the nutrition status of dietary patterns and the association between dietary patterns and the risk of poor glycemic control in Chinese diabetics. The relevant data was collected from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017 survey, which is a national cross-sectional surveillance program. A total of 2031 participants were included in the present statistical analysis. Food consumption was assessed through a validated and standard food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived with reduced rank regression using hemoglobin A1c. Diabetes was diagnosed by medical institutions, glycemic control was defined as hemoglobin A1c less than 7%, poor glycemic control was defined as hemoglobin A1c greater than 7%. A multiple-variable-adjusted logistic regression, including age, living area, income level, educational attainment, body mass index, occupational physical activity, energy intake, current smoking status, current drinking status, diabetic medication use, insulin use, following diabetic diets, increased exercise, and glucose monitoring, was adjusted to explore the association between dietary patterns and the risk of poor glycemic control in diabetes. Two gender-specific dietary patterns have an increased risk of poor glycemic control and are characterized by a low intake of freshwater fish, poultry, and fruits. For male participants, the dietary pattern was characterized by a high intake of wheat and its products, a low intake of vegetables, corn and its products, shrimp and crab, and beans (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.76 to 4.10). For female participants, the dietary pattern was characterized by a low intake of snacks and nuts, and algae and mushroom (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.20).
Nutritional Management of Intestinal Failure due to Short Bowel Syndrome in Children
Authors: Puoti Maria Giovanna , Köglmeier Jutta
Published: December 2022

Background: The most common cause of intestinal failure (IF) in childhood remains short bowel syndrome (SBS), where bowel mass is significantly reduced due to a congenital atresia or resection and parenteral nutrition (PN) needed. Home PN has improved outcome and quality of life, but the long-term therapeutic goal is to achieve enteral autonomy whilst avoiding long term complications. This paper is aimed at discussing nutritional strategies available to clinicians caring for these patients. Methods: A literature search was performed from 1992 to 2022 using Pubmed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and recent guidelines were reviewed. In the absence of evidence, recommendations reflect the authors’ expert opinion. Results: Consensus on the best possible way of feeding children with IF-SBS is lacking and practice varies widely between centres. Feeding should commence as soon as possible following surgery. Oral feeding is the preferred route and breast milk (BM) the first milk of choice in infants. Donor BM, standard preterm or term formula are alternatives in the absence of maternal BM. Extensively hydrolysed or amino acid-based feeds are used when these are not tolerated. Solids should be introduced as soon as clinically appropriate. Children are encouraged to eat by mouth and experience different tastes and textures to avoid oral aversion. Aggressive weaning of PN and tube (over-) feeding are now discouraged. Conclusions: To date, uniform agreement on the optimal type of feed, timing of food introduction and feeding regime used is lacking and great difference in practice remains. There is need for more research to establish common treatment protocols.
Impact of Continuous Veno-Venous HemoDiALYsis with Regional Citrate Anticoagulation on Non-NUTRItional Calorie Balance in Patients on the ICU—The NUTRI-DAY Study
Authors: Wechselberger Simon , Compton Friederike , Schilling Johannes
Published: December 2022

Background: Malnutrition as well as overfeeding can have negative impacts on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) using trisodium citrate 4% (TSC) might play a role in nutrient disposition in patients in the ICU. Methods: In 33 consecutive patients on CVVHD with RCA, energy uptake or loss was calculated. Three macronutrients (lactate, glucose and citrate) were analyzed by taking prefilter blood and effluent samples. Results: Glucose and lactate clearance through CVVHD made up for a loss of 61 kcal/d (IQR 25–164 kcal/d) and 38 kcal/d (IQR 23–59 kcal/d), respectively. Two patients with hyperglycemic state (>350 mg/dL) lost around 600 kcal/d during CVVHD. Net post-filter citrate caloric delivery through RCA was 135 kcal/d (IQR: 124–144 kcal/d). Adding the three macronutrients, net caloric gain through CVVHD was 10 kcal/d (IQR: −63–75 kcal/d). Conclusion: In non-hyperglycemic patients on CVVHD with RCA, the metabolic contribution of the three macronutrients lactate, glucose and citrate is neglectable.
The Effect of Electroencephalography Abnormalities on Cerebral Autoregulation in Sedated Ventilated Children
Authors: Chegondi Madhuradhar , Lin Wei-Chiang , Naqvi Sayed , Sendi Prithvi , Totapally Balagangadhar R.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To determine the effects of non-ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) changes on cerebrovascular autoregulation (AR) using the cerebral oximetry index (COx). Materials and Methods: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cerebral tissue oxygenation (CrSO2), and EEG were acquired for 96 h. From all of the EEG recordings, 30 min recording segments were extracted using the endotracheal suction events as the guide. EEG recordings were classified as EEG normal and EEG abnormal groups. Each 30 min segment was further divided into six 5 min epochs. Continuous recordings of MAP and CrSO2 by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were extracted. The COx value was defined as the concordance (R) value of the Pearson correlation between MAP and CrSO2 in a 5 min epoch. Then, an Independent-Samples Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the number of epochs within the 30 min segments above various R cutoff values (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) in normal and abnormal EEG groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant, and all analyses were two-tailed. Results: Among 16 sedated, mechanically ventilated children, 382 EEG recordings of 30 min segments were analyzed. The proportions of epochs in each 30 min segment above the R cutoff values were similar between the EEG normal and EEG abnormal groups (p > 0.05). The median concordance values for CSrO2 and MAP in EEG normal and EEG abnormal groups were similar (0.26 (0.17–0.35) and 0.18 (0.12–0.31); p = 0.09). Conclusions: Abnormal EEG patterns without ictal changes do not affect cerebrovascular autoregulation in sedated and mechanically ventilated children.
Recent Development of LDL-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Authors: He Binghong , Yang Qiong
Published: December 2022

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a natural lipoprotein transporting cholesterol in the circulatory system, has been a possible drug carrier for targeted delivery. LDL can bind to the LDL receptor (LDLR) with its outside apolipoprotein B-100 and then enter the cell via LDLR-mediated endocytosis. This targeting function inspires researchers to modify LDL to deliver different therapeutic drugs. Drugs can be loaded in the surficial phospholipids, hydrophobic core, or apolipoprotein for the structure of LDL. In addition, LDL-like synthetic nanoparticles carrying therapeutic drugs are also under investigation for the scarcity of natural LDL. In addition to being a carrier, LDL can also be a targeting molecule, decorated to the surface of synthetic nanoparticles loaded with cytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes the properties of LDL and the different kinds of LDL-based delivery nanoparticles, their loading strategies, and the achievements of the recent anti-tumor advancement.
Physiologic Functions and Therapeutic Applications of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Brain Disorders
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsing , Hung Shih-Ya
Published: December 2022

Accumulating data suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia. The homopentameric ligand-gated ion channel α7nAChR consists of five identical α7 subunits that are encoded by the CHRNA7 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 subunit) gene. Moreover, α7nAChRs are densely distributed throughout the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus brain regions, but sparsely in the striatum, forebrain, and medulla. Compared with other nAChRs, α7nAChR binds with low affinity to the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the non-specific exogenous agonist nicotine, and with high affinity to the specific antagonists α-bungarotoxin and methyllycaconitine. Reports indicate that α7nAChR plays important roles in neurotransmitter release, cognitive functioning, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response. Genetic variations that alter CHRNA7 mRNA and protein expression or cause α7nAChR dysfunction are associated with many brain disorders. Our previous studies revealed that α7nAChR exerts neuroprotection in AD by acting as a cargo receptor for binding the autophagosomal marker protein LC3 and engulfing extracellular neurotoxic Aβ1–42 during autophagic degradation of the α7nAChR-Aβ1–42 complex. However, the role of α7nAChRs in other diseases remains unknown. Here, we review and summarize the essential characteristics and current findings concerning α7nAChRs in four common brain diseases (AD, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and depression), which may elucidate the role of α7nAChRs and inform innovative research and novel treatments that target α7nAChRs in brain disease.
Antifungal Combination Eye Drops for Fungal Keratitis Treatment
Authors: Díaz-Tomé Victoria , Bendicho-Lavilla Carlos , García-Otero Xurxo , Varela-Fernández Rubén , Martín-Pastor Manuel , Llovo-Taboada José , Alonso-Alonso Pilar , Aguiar Pablo , González-Barcia Miguel , Fernández-Ferreiro Anxo , Otero-Espinar Francisco J.
Published: December 2022

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a corneal mycotic infection that can lead to vision loss. Furthermore, the severity of FK is aggravated by the emergence of resistant fungal species. There is currently only one FDA-approved formulation for FK treatment forcing hospital pharmacy departments to reformulate intravenous drug preparations with unknown ocular bioavailability and toxicity. In the present study, natamycin/voriconazole formulations were developed and characterized to improve natamycin solubility, permanence, and safety. The solubility of natamycin was studied in the presence of two cyclodextrins: HPβCD and HPγCD. The HPβCD was chosen based on the solubility results. Natamycin/cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complexes characterization and a competition study between natamycin and voriconazole were conducted by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Based on these results, several eye drops with different polymer compositions were developed and subsequently characterized. Permeability studies suggested that the formulations improved the passage of natamycin through the cornea compared to the commercial formulation Natacyn®. The ocular safety of the formulations was determined by BCOP and HET-CAM. The antifungal activity assay demonstrated the ability of our formulations to inhibit the in vitro growth of different fungal species. All these results concluded that the formulations developed in the present study could significantly improve the treatment of FK.
Different Curcumin-Loaded Delivery Systems for Wound Healing Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sideek Sarah A. , El-Nassan Hala B. , Fares Ahmed R. , ElMeshad Aliaa N. , Elkasabgy Nermeen A.
Published: December 2022

Curcumin or turmeric is the active constituent of Curcuma longa L. It has marvelous medicinal applications in many diseases. When the skin integrity is compromised due to either acute or chronic wounds, the body initiates several steps leading to tissue healing and skin barrier function restoration. Curcumin has very strong antibacterial and antifungal activities with powerful wound healing ability owing to its antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, its poor oral bioavailability, low water solubility and rapid metabolism limit its medical use. Tailoring suitable drug delivery systems for carrying curcumin improves its pharmaceutical and pharmacological effects. This review summarizes the most recent reported curcumin-loaded delivery systems for wound healing purposes, chiefly hydrogels, films, wafers, and sponges. In addition, curcumin nanoformulations such as nanohydrogels, nanoparticles and nanofibers are also presented, which offer better solubility, bioavailability, and sustained release to augment curcumin wound healing effects through stimulating the different healing phases by the aid of the small carrier.
Preparation and Evaluation of Vitamin D3 Supplementation as Transdermal Film-Forming Solution
Authors: Kittaneh Majd , Qurt Moammal , Malkieh Numan , Naseef Hani , Muqedi Ramzi
Published: December 2022

Vitamin D3 is available in oral and injectable dosage forms. Interest in the transdermal route as an alternative to the oral and parenteral routes has grown recently. In this study, several film-forming solutions for the transdermal delivery of vitamin D3 were prepared. They contained 6000 IU/mL of vitamin D3 that formed a dry and acceptable film in less than 5 min after application. The formulations consisted of ethanol and acetone 80:20, and one or more of the following ingredients: Eudragit L100-55, PVP, PG, limonene, oleic acid, camphor, and menthol. Vitamin D3 release was studied from both the film-forming solution and pre-dried films using a Franz diffusion cell. The film-forming solution released a significant amount of vitamin D3 compared to the dry film, which is attributed mostly to the saturation driving force due to the evaporation of volatile solvents. In vitro permeation studies through artificial skin Strat M® membrane revealed that the cumulative amount of vitamin D3 permeated after 24 h under the experimental conditions was around 800 IU across 3.14 cm2. The cumulative permeation curve showed faster permeation in earlier stages. Young’s modulus, viscosity, and pH of the formulations were determined. Most of the formulations were stable for 3 weeks.
Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Glycerol (Gly) Composites Incorporated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and Tea Tree Essential Oil (TTEO) for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Grande-Tovar Carlos David , Castro Jorge Iván , Valencia Llano Carlos Humberto , Tenorio Diego López , Saavedra Marcela , Zapata Paula A. , Chaur Manuel N.
Published: December 2022

The search for new biocompatible materials that can replace invasive materials in biomedical applications has increased due to the great demand derived from accidents and diseases such as cancer in various tissues. In this sense, four formulations based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) incorporated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and tea tree essential oil (TTEO) were prepared. The sol-gel method was used for zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis with an average size of 11 ± 2 nm and spherical morphology. On the other hand, Fourier Transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed characteristic functional groups for each composite component. The TTEO incorporation in the formulations was related to the increased intensity of the C-O-C band. The thermal properties of the materials show that the degradative properties of the ZnO-NPs decrease the thermal stability. The morphological study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the presence of TTEO and ZnO-NPs act synergistically, obtaining smooth surfaces, whereas membranes with the presence of ZnO-NPs or TTEO only show porous morphologies. Histological implantation of the membranes showed biocompatibility and biodegradability after 60 days of implantation. This degradation occurs through the fragmentation of the larger particles with the presence of connective tissue constituted by type III collagen fibers, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells, where the process of resorption of the implanted material continues.
Photodynamic Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Cutaneous Lymphomas
Authors: Caccavale Stefano , Tancredi Vittorio , Vitiello Paola , Sica Antonello , Ronchi Andrea , Franco Renato , Pastore Francesco , Argenziano Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment modality frequently used in dermatology to treat superficial skin cancers but also some inflammatory or infectious dermatoses. PDT appears a more and more promising therapeutic option also for cutaneous lymphomas, either of T- or B-cell origin. It is a well-tolerated treatment and has excellent cosmetic outcomes, less side effects compared to other therapies (steroids, surgery, radiotherapy, and so on), no particular contraindications, and is easily repeatable in case of relapses. However, how PDT works in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases is poorly understood and the literature data are still controversial. Further randomized, controlled clinical trials involving a greater number of patients and centers with a long follow-up are necessary to assess the efficacy of PDT and establish a unique standardized treatment protocol in relation to the lymphomatous disease and the type, thickness, and location of the lesions.
Multi-Level Phase Noise Model for CO-OFDM Spatial-Division Multiplexed Transmission
Authors: Jiang Guozhou , Yang Liu
Published: December 2022

Spatial division multiplexed (SDM) transmission systems with coherence communication technology have become an important issue in meeting the demands for the capacity of fiber. However, research on the phase noise from lasers is mainly focused on single-channel systems or single-carrier SDM systems. In this paper, a phase noise model comprising common laser phase noise, in addition to the core phase drifts induced by the SDM, is introduced and analyzed for a coherence orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) spatial-division multiplexed transmission (SDM) system. Based on the phase noise model, the applicability of the blind phase search algorithm and the pilot-aided phase estimation algorithm is discussed and demonstrated via simulation. The results show that these two algorithms can work well when considering combined laser linewidths with core phase drifts for CO-OFDM 7-core multi-core fiber (MCF). The results mean that with the SDM phase noise model, phase noise estimation in other cores can be transferred from one core to lower the complexity with the help of the model. This research provides a proper application of the phase noise analysis of large-capacity optical communication based on a weak-coupled MCF.
Bioassay Analysis and Molecular Docking Study Revealed the Potential Medicinal Activities of Active Compounds Polygonumins B, C and D from Polygonum minus (Persicaria minor)
Authors: Ahmad Rafidah , Rosandy Andi Rifki , Sahidin Idin , Ab Ghani Nur Syatila , Noor Normah Mohd , Baharum Syarul Nataqain
Published: December 2022

Polygonumins B, C and D, derivative compounds of polygonumins A, were isolated from the stem of Polygonum minus. Based on NMR results, the structure of polygonumins derivatives is comprised of four phenylpropanoid units and a sucrose unit, with a similar structure to polygonumins A. However, the structural differences between polygonumins B (1), C (2) and D (3) can be distinguished based on the existence of methoxy, ethanoyl and hydroxyl groups and protons which bind to C-4, C-4′ and C-3″. Interestingly, these bioactive compounds showed various medicinal properties based on our investigation on antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-HIV-1 protease activities. The IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS (antioxidant activities) was in the following descending order: polygonumins B > polygonumins C > polygonumins A > polygonumins D. In addition, almost similar pattern of antioxidant activity was observed for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity based on its IC50 value in descending order: polygonumins B > polygonumins C > polygonumins D > polygonumins A. On the other hand, polygonumins C and D showed inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity more than the positive control, pepstatin A. Finally, molecular docking studies on AChE and BChE proteins were carried out in order to gain insight into the mode of interactions between these compounds and the active residues for both enzymes. These remarkable findings indicate that these compounds have potential to be developed as targeted drugs for Alzheimer’s disease or as anti-HIV drugs.
Soluble Carbohydrates in Several Transylvanian Potato Cultivars
Authors: Muntean Edward , Bărăscu Nina
Published: December 2022

This paper is the first to report the soluble carbohydrate content at harvest for eight Transylvanian potato cultivars: Christian, Cumidava, Kronstadt, Riviera, Roclas, Rustic, Tampa and Zamolxis. The aim of this study is to explore the soluble carbohydrate composition of the above-mentioned cultivars, since such quantitative information is important for breeding programs, consumers and processing units. High performance liquid chromatography was used for analysis, separations being achieved using a Prominence Shimadzu system with a refractive index detector, under isocratic conditions with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water (80:20%) delivered at 1 mL/min; baseline separations of the target analytes were accomplished with an EC 250/4 Nucleodur 100–5 NH2 RP column in less than 10 min. The carbohydrate concentrations were found to range from 24.03 mg/100 g (Zamolxis) to 76.58 mg/100 g (Riviera) for fructose, while the corresponding range was from 52.78 mg/100 g (Zamolxis) to 232.97 mg/100 g (Riviera) for glucose and from 238.41 mg/100 g (Zamolxis) to 378.45 (Cumidava) for sucrose. Chromatographic data were then subjected to chemometric analysis; the association of these complementary techniques allowed a fast selection of cultivars with low-reducing carbohydrate content for food processing purposes—the cultivars Zamolxis, Kronstadt, Christian and Roclas were outlined exhibiting both the lowest reducing carbohydrate content and the lowest sucrose content.
Adsorption of Wormlike Chains onto Partially Permeable Membranes
Authors: Semenov Alexander , Nyrkova Irina
Published: December 2022

Reversible adsorption of a single stiff wormlike macromolecule to flat membranes with various permeabilities is considered theoretically. It is shown that the adsorbed layer microstructure is significantly different from either a flexible chain or a stiff chain adsorption at a solid surface. Close to the critical point, the adsorbing wormlike chain forms a strongly anisotropic proximal layer near the membrane in addition to a nearly isotropic distal layer. The proximal layer is characterized by the algebraic monomer concentration profile, c(x)∝x−β, due to the self-similar distribution of aligned polymer loops. For a perfectly penetrable membrane, β=1 which is different from β=4/3 obtained for semiflexible chain adsorption at a solid surface. Moreover, we establish that the critical exponent for a partially permeable membrane depends on its properties (porosity w) and propose an asymptotically exact theory (based on the generalized Edwards equation) predicting this dependence, β=β(w). We also develop a scaling theory elucidating, in particular, an intricate competition of loops and tails in both proximal and distal sublayers.
Elasticity of Semiflexible ZigZag Nanosprings with a Point Magnetic Moment
Authors: Razbin Mohammadhosein , Benetatos Panayotis
Published: December 2022

Kinks can appear along the contour of semiflexible polymers (biopolymers or synthetic ones), and they affect their elasticity and function. A regular sequence of alternating kink defects can form a semiflexible nanospring. In this article, we theoretically analyze the elastic behavior of such a nanospring with a point magnetic dipole attached to one end while the other end is assumed to be grafted to a rigid substrate. The rod-like segments of the nanospring are treated as weakly bending wormlike chains, and the propagator (Green’s function) method is used in order to calculate the conformational and elastic properties of this system. We analytically calculate the distribution of orientational and positional fluctuations of the free end, the force-extension relation, as well as the compressional force that such a spring can exert on a planar wall. Our results show how the magnetic interaction affects the elasticity of the semiflexible nanospring. This sensitivity, which is based on the interplay of positional and orientational degrees of freedom, may prove useful in magnetometry or other applications.
Composite Polymer Electrolytes Based on (PEO)4CF3COOLi and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT)
Authors: Delgado-Rosero Miguel I. , Jurado-Meneses Nori M. , Uribe-Kaffure Ramiro
Published: December 2022

The addition of nanoparticles as fillers has a significant influence in modifying the dynamic conditions and avoiding crystallization in polymer composites. In this work, (PEO)4CF3COOLi electrolyte and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used to prepare composites by a solution method. The formation of the new composite was evidenced by the experimental results obtained from DSC analysis and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The impedance spectroscopy analysis shows a notable decrease in the resistance, which is attributed to an interaction between the oxygen of the polymer and the Li+ cations of the salt, and the interactions between the electrolyte and the MWNTs. Values of dc conductivity of 8.42 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature are obtained at a concentration of 2.0 wt.% MWCNT in the whole electrolyte. The results indicate that membranes can be used in technological devices such as batteries and gas or moisture sensors.
The Study of Enteromorpha-Based Reinforcing-Type Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of EPDM
Authors: Sun Peipei , Zhou Ziwen , Jiang Licong , Zhao Shuai , Li Lin
Published: December 2022

Enteromorpha, as a waste from marine pollution, brings great pressure to environmental governance every year, especially for China. Under the premise of a shortage of industrial materials, taking appropriate measures can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. In this work, a bio-based reinforcing-type flame retardant based on Enteromorpha is designed. The designed Enteromorpha-based flame retardant system (AEG) mainly focuses on the reinforcing and flame retardant effects on ethylene-propylene-diene tripolymer (EPDM). For the AEG system, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) serves as both the acid source and the gas source; the simple hybrid material (GN) produced by loading graphene (GE) and Enteromorpha (EN) using tannic acid (TA) as a regulator serves as an acid source and a carbonizing source. The results show that when 40 phr AEG is added, the LOI of EPDM/AEG40 reaches 32.5% and the UL-94 reaches the V-0 level. The PHRR and THR values of EPDM/AEG40 are 325.9 kW/m2 and 117.6 MJ/m2, respectively, with decrements of 67.3% and 29.7%, respectively, compared with the results of neat EPDM composite. Especially, the TSP and TSR values of EPDM/AEG40 are reduced from 15.2 m2 of neat EPDM to 9.9 m2 with a decrement of 34.9% and reduced from 1715.2 m2/m2 of neat EPDM to 1124.5 m2/m2 with a decrement of 34.4%, indicating that AEG is effective in flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and tear strength of EPDM/AEG composites are much higher than neat EPDM, therefore, with the future development of innovate reinforcing-type flame-retardant Enteromorpha, the application of Enteromorpha in the polymer flame-retardant field will surely usher in bright development.
A Comparison of Unmodified and Sawdust Derived-Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC)-Modified Polyamide Membrane Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Zeta Potential Analysis
Authors: Adeniyi Amos , Gonzalez-Ortiz Danae , Pochat-Bohatier Celine , Mbakop Sandrine , Onyango Maurice S.
Published: December 2022

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) obtained from waste sawdust were used to modify the polyamide membrane fabricated by interfacial polymerization of m-phenylene-diamine (MPDA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). The efficiency of the modification with sawdust-derived CNC was investigated using zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of the modification on membrane mechanical strength and stability in acidic and alkaline solutions was also investigated. Results revealed that the negative zeta potential decreased at a high pH and the isoelectric point shifted into the acidic range for both modified and unmodified membranes. However, the negative charges obtained on the surface of the modified membrane at a pH lower than 8 were higher than the pristine membrane, which is an indication of the successful membrane modification. The XPS result shows that the degree of crosslinking was lowered due to the presence of CNC. Enhanced stability in solution in all pH ranges and the increase in mechanical strength, as indicated by higher Young’s modulus, maximum load, and tensile strength, confirmed the robustness of the modified membrane.
Case Study: Successful Application of a Novel Gas Lift Valve in Low Pressure Wells in Fuling Shale Gas Field
Authors: Liu Qiaoping , Tang Jingfei , Ke Wenqi , Wang Haibo , Orivri Uzezi Davis
Published: December 2022

The Fuling shale gas field is facing a rapid gas production decline due to heavy liquid loading issues. Given the condition that most wells are located at remote areas in the mountains, the traditional gas lift methods that require either fixed compressor or skid-mounted gas lift trucks do not seem feasible and occur high operation costs. A new type of gas lift valve that can be opened or closed at a low valve dome pressure indicates the high sensitivity to low production pressure. Thus, the piping line pressure can be utilized to activate the valve due to its new advantages. In addition, the specially designed structure of the gas lift valve can be activated via pressure increases in the tubing to create a channel between the tubing and annulus. The valve that previously functioned as a dummy valve was then switched to a gas lift valve. Field application results show that all wells were successfully restarted by only utilizing the low piping pressure, and loaded liquid was lifted with gas production at an incremental rate that reached up to 27.4 × 10 kscm/d per well. Fewer slickline operations were conducted to replace the dummy valve. The result of the application shows that the new type of gas lift system has a wide range of application prospect for low pressure wells, especially for shale gas wells.
Real-Time Cell Growth Control Using a Lactate-Based Model Predictive Controller
Authors: Van Beylen Kathleen , Reynders Janne , Youssef Ahmed , Fernández Alberto Peña , Papantoniou Ioannis , Aerts Jean-Marie
Published: December 2022

Providing a cost-efficient feeding strategy for cell expansion processes remains a challenging task due to, among other factors, donor variability. The current method to use a fixed medium replacement strategy for all cell batches results often in either over- or underfeeding these cells. In order to take into account the individual needs of the cells, a model predictive controller was developed in this work. Reference experiments were performed by expanding human periosteum derived progenitor cells (hPDCs) in tissue flasks to acquire reference data. With these data, a time-variant prediction model was identified to describe the relation between the accumulated medium replaced as the control input and the accumulated lactate produced as the process output. Several forecast methods to predict the cell growth process were designed using multiple collected datasets by applying transfer function models or machine learning. The first controller experiment was performed using the accumulated lactate values from the reference experiment as a static target function over time, resulting in over- or underfeeding the cells. The second controller experiment used a time-adaptive target function by combining reference data as well as current measured real-time data, without over- or underfeeding the cells.
Using Photogrammetry to Obtain 3D-Printed Positive Foot Casts Suitable for Fitting Thermoconformed Plantar Orthoses
Authors: Pérez Pico Ana María , Marcos Tejedor Félix , de Cáceres Orellana Luis Carlos , de Cáceres Orellana Pablo , Mayordomo Raquel
Published: December 2022

The use of photogrammetry provides an inexpensive, alternative method that can simplify the processes traditionally carried out in the orthotics workshop. The objectives of this study are to develop a method based on photogrammetry to obtain 3D-printed positive foot casts for fabricating thermoconformed orthoses from a negative cast in phenolic foam. Using a basic Smartphone, a photo capture protocol for feet, free software and a 3D printer, we tested the suitability of the positive cast obtained to fabricate custom foot orthoses using thermoconformed 3 mm polypropylene in the orthotics laboratory. The results show that digitally fabricated casts provide a very close replicate of the positive casts obtained traditionally through plaster casting (maximum dimension discrepancy between casts of 2 mm in length and 0.4 mm in forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot measurements). They are also suitable for the process of fabricating 2- and 3-mm polypropylene thermoconformed plantar orthoses. Photogrammetry can be used as a new method to obtain a positive 3D foot cast suitable for fabricating custom orthoses, in a valid, safe, cleaner and more lasting procedure that removes the process of plaster casting.
Special Issue on “Biodiesel Production Processes and Technology”
Authors: García Martín Juan Francisco , Torres García Miguel , Álvarez Mateos Paloma
Published: December 2022

Raw oils and fats cannot be directly used in modern diesel engines, as their viscosity is too high [...]
(De)constructing a Dar-ul-Uloom Aalim’s Identity in Contemporary Britain: Overcoming Barriers of Access
Authors: Ahmed Kamal , Elton-Chalcraft Sally
Published: December 2022

The controversial events of 2001 (9/11) and 2005 (7/7) have led Britain’s media and policy makers to view the proliferation of orthodox Islamic seminaries, Dar-ul-Ulooms (DUs), and their graduates (Ulamaa) with suspicion, further exacerbating the marginalisation of an already marginalised Muslim minority within mainstream British society. Due to ethnic, sociocultural, and religious differences, the identity of Ulamaa in modern-day Britain has become increasingly complex and supposedly contradictory due to the perceived differences between orthodox Islamic values proselytised in DUs and ‘liberal’ British values. Using an interpretive phenomenological analysis, this paper reports on data collected in 2020 through three in-depth interviews with an Aalim who graduated from a DU in England after 2005. It explores how he constructs and negotiates his religious and national identities. The interviews were undertaken by one of the authors, himself an Aalim, and the paper also provides reflection on the barriers of access to this under-researched group. Data suggest that although DU identity might not contradict British identity, and Islam is not seen as incompatible with British values, the perceived contradictions between DU orthodoxy and British values appear to be conflated with cultural resistances emanating from Britain’s colonial legacy in India; the birthplace of DUs. Thus, analysis of the data reveals, through an Aalim’s personal voice, issues of identity involving culture, religion, and community.
Criminal Law Response to Shamanism—Is Combating Immaterial Culture a Means to Civilisation Progress on the Example of Penal Code Regulations of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo?
Authors: Najman Michał Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The function of the law in shaping social values is exposed in the article. Thispaper considers whether certain practices penalised in the surveyed countries (carrying our rituals with the use of human remains) could be classified as intangible cultural heritage and, thus, whether these practices should be legally protected. The main conclusion of the analysis is the statement that criminal law as a response to shamanism is inconsistent with the basic principles of a democratic state oflaw, including the right to expression and self-determination. Assuming that described social phenomenon exists in a society, and at the same time, this practice does not threaten other members of this society and is commonly accepted, the legislator should avoid creating regulations that are inconsistent with the current axiological system in a given community. The elimination of certain practices should take place by creating civilisation awareness inside a community. Criminal law does not fulfil this function. On the contrary, it contributes to the deepening and consolidation of the existence of certain pathological phenomena, as well as to the disappearance of indigenous cultures.
The Strength of Religious Lifeworld: The Impact of Social Spaces on Religious Values in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Bognár Bulcsu , Kmetty Zoltán
Published: December 2022

This study explores the role of social spaces in the religious worldview in the Central and Eastern European region through a comprehensive study of values spanning nearly three decades. The analysis focuses on the differences between the values of religious and non-religious people in different social spaces during this period. Drawing on the insights of the spatial turn, the study provides a new way of understanding the impact of social spaces on the emergence of religious values. For the first time, the analysis attempts to verify the influence of social spaces on the emergence of specific religious values using a representative database. The research on the four waves of EVS interprets the values of the religious and non-religious along the lines of their relationship to norm violations. The analysis points out that religious worldview does not appear equally in different spaces of society. The research proved in a novel way that in the social space of production and administration, in the systematic organization of society, religious people do not have significantly different values in this region. On the other hand, the values of the religious, which are different from those of the non-religious, are expressed in values that can be linked to the social space of lifeworld. All these findings can give a new direction to quantitative and qualitative research on religion, which now includes aspects of spatiality.
Trauma & TYPOI: The Fourth Gospel as Warning Not Example
Authors: Pruszinski Jolyon G. R.
Published: December 2022

There are at least four traumatic events that likely lie behind the Gospel of John: (1) Jesus’ death and inaccessibility, (2) the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple, (3) the Johannine community’s excommunication from the synagogue, and (4) the loss of the Beloved Disciple. Evidence of all of these traumas can be found in the Gospel itself and, as extant, the Gospel exhibits a number of strategies for addressing these experiences of suffering. Working from Gaston Bachelard’s observations regarding literature produced in response to suffering, this paper outlines the textual evidence for each of these experiences of suffering, notes the responses to them that the Gospel displays, and seeks briefly to evaluate the responses for the TYPOI (patterns/examples/warnings) they provide. In short, the Fourth Gospel employs psychologically attractive, compensatory responses to experiences of loss. However, it deploys in parallel a toxic cocktail of anti-Jewish polemic, condemnation of “the world”, and self-protective, sectarian insularity. Regarding whether the text’s trauma response can be viewed as exemplary for ethically-minded Christians, Desmond Tutu’s 2009 statement, “there are certain parts [of the Bible] which you have to say no to”, is directly applicable, while the warning the text’s example suggests is significant.