bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino acids profile and protein functional properties of Chrozophora oblongifolia seeds from Kordofan Region, Sudan
Authors: ABDALGADER SULEIMAN IBRAHIM ABAKER , AHMED ADAM ISMAIL
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Abdalgader SIA, Ahmed AI. 2019. Amino acids profile and protein functional properties of Chrozophora oblongifolia seeds from Kordofan Region, Sudan. Trop Drylands 3: 17-21. The present research was conducted to study the amino acids profile and protein functional properties of Chrozophora oblongifolia seeds. The fresh seeds samples were procured from North and West Kordofan regions, Sudan. The protein functional properties, i.e., water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacities, emulsifying capacity, foaming stability, bulk density and crude protein were determined, then the amino acids profile was investigated using an amino acids analyzer (L-8900 Hitachi-hitech, Tokyo, Japan) under the experimental conditions recommended for protein hydrolysates. The results found that there were seven essential amino acids namely lysine, histidine, threonine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine and nine non essential amino acids namely arginine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, alanine, cystine and tyrosine were qualified and quantified in present investigation according to the following values: Glycine with a range of 0.99-1.02 g/100g proteins, while arginine with a range of 8.43-8.87 g/100g protein was the highest. Leucine and isoleucine which were limiting amino acid in most foodstuffs, were presented in ranges of 7.27-7.59g/100g protein for leucine and 5.24-56 4.19 g/100g protein for isoleucine. Statistical analysis of the seeds protein concentrates showed that a significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in crude protein and water absorption capacities, oil absorption capacities, foaming stability and bulk density were found between the two different collection regions, while there were no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences found in emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity in the two different locations of which samples were procured. The protein concentrates indicated higher protein content for North Kordofan seeds (83.33%) than that of 80.6% for West Kordofan seeds. This study concluded that C. oblongifolia seeds can be considered as a cheap source of edible protein which had a rich of essential amino acids
SISTEMAS DE CAPTAÇÃO E ARMAZENAMENTO DE ÁGUA DE CHUVA NO TERRITÓRIO DO SISAL: O PROGRAMA UMA TERRA DUAS ÁGUAS (P1+2)
Authors: Da Silva Neto Gilberto Ferreira
Published: June 2019

A questão hídrica no semiárido brasileiro foi e ainda é um processo que envolve diversos sentimentos e opiniões. A princípio partia-se da ideia do combate à seca como solução para resolver a problemática enraizada de que falta água no semiárido. Mas, o que passou a ser proposto foi a implantação da convivência com o semiárido, buscando alternativas e soluções que visem conviver com um fenômeno natural e inerente à região. Assim, ações foram destacando-se como alternativas a convivência com o Semiárido, como exemplo, o Programa Uma Terra Duas Águas (P1+2), e se tornaram políticas públicas. Esse artigo, sintetiza parte do nosso trabalho no Mestrado em Planejamento Territorial, e tem como objetivo identificar quais e quantos foram os sistemas implantados para captação de água de chuva pelo P1+2 no Território do Sisal. Com os dados obtidos na pesquisa, foi constatado que desde a implantação do P1+2 em 2009 até 2014, foram construídos 2.217 sistemas de captação de água de chuva.
REFLEXÃO ACERCA DA FORMAÇÃO DE UMA PEQUENA CIDADE: O CASO DE IRARÁ-BA
Authors: Santana Iralva Martins
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma breve discussão a respeito da formação da pequena cidade Irará-BA, aborda aspectos do desenvolvimento urbano, com definições e perspectivas de alguns teóricos sobre a temática e elementos que estabelecem a sua existência ou não. Além disso, contextualiza as cidades pequenas, como são definidas e os critérios utilizados para sua classificação, conforme o pensamento de diferentes teóricos. O desenvolvimento não pode ser pensado apenas como a organização em sua parte estrutural, porém, devem ser levados em consideração, especialmente, os interesses sociais e coletivos. A ideia de desenvolvimento é acompanhada de uma carga de valores que independem de algum pensamento disseminado por escolas ou ideologia própria. Em relação às cidades, pequenas devem ser observadas pelo seu papel, a função que exerce e os equipamentos que possui para só então haver uma classificação. O exemplo de cidade pequena desse artigo é a cidade de Irará, ao considerar aspectos desua história e formação.
Bevezetés helyett
Authors: Steiner Kata
Published: June 2019

Magyarországon is bekövetkezett az ifjúsági korszakváltás - állítják a szociológusok, akik konferenciát rendeztek, hogy áttekintsék a fiatalok társadalmi helyzetét. Az Ifjúsági korszakváltás - Az ifjúság az új évezredben című tanácskozáson a Magyar Szociológiai Társaság, a Nemzeti Ifjúságkutató Intézet és az Oktatáskutató Intézet szakemberei vettek részt. Gábor Kálmánt, az Oktatáskutató Intézet munkatársát a konferencia eredményeiről kérdeztük.
Der Gott Israels und das Volk Israel im Koran
Authors: Feldtkeller Andreas
Published: June 2019

A staple in western discussions about interpretations of Islam is the position that the ultimate break between Muhammad and Judaism in Medina resulted also in the condemnation of Israel in the Qur’an. This contribution scrutinizes the hermeneutical premises leading to such an as­sessment and proves its incompatibility with basic principles of Muslim interpretive traditions. An analysis of the narrative sections of the Qur’an leads to the conclusion that the reciting community is continuously being confronted with God’s history with the people of Israel and that the Qur’an both advocates for the lasting/permanent election of Israel and presupposes God’s unrevoked covenant with the people of Israel.
Protestantismus und politische Partizipation. Evangelische Parlamentarierinnen im Nachkriegsbayern zwischen Politik und Kirche
Authors: Haußmann Annette , Spanos Jonathan
Published: June 2019

The article reflects on the interdependence of the political and ecclesial sphere and the influence of Protestant women in the first two decades after 1945. Two different biographies of women from Bavaria with active influence in politics and church and both members of the CSU, Elisabeth Nägelsbach (member of the Landtag) and Ingeborg Geisendörfer (member of the Bundestag), are taken into account concerning their self-understanding, their agenda setting and their rhetoric self-presentation. We argue, that the spheres of politics and church are interdependent and gender construction plays an important role. Furthermore, the developments in the ecclesial sphere took much longer and emancipation of women was implemented more hesitantly than in the political system. Also, theological arguments were crucial for this delay. The article suggests to consider a differentiated and context-sensible approach to understand the relationship between religious denomination and emancipation as well as the role of political conservative female politicians with an association to the church in the development of gender equalization.
The Social, Textual Lives of Patents: The Phillips Screw and Driver
Authors: Simpson Grant Leyton
Published: June 2019

Not yet written
Bohemian Bureaucrat: Making Sense of Walt Whitman’s Scribal Documents
Authors: Price Kenneth M.
Published: June 2019

The essay presented here served as the presidential address at the Society for Textual Scholarship conference held at the University of Maryland, College Park, June 1, 2017. It considers the implications for editing and criticism of Walt Whitman of the fairly recent discovery of approximately 3,000 documents in his handwriting produced when he was clerk in the Attorney General’s Office. For the most part, I have retained the tone and relative informality of a spoken presentation; I have also retained references to topical events.
Effects of Labour Regulation on Manufacturing Firms in India: A Leximetric Approach
Authors: Choutagunta Abishek S.
Published: June 2019

Inefficiencies and rigidities in the supply of inputs caused by strict laws and regulation could lead to distortions in the production structures of firms. These distortions, when magnified, can have adverse effects on the economic performance of a country. The study by Botero et al. (Botero, Juan C., Simeon Djankov, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez de-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. 2004. “The Regulation of Labor.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119: 1339–1382.) among others, has observed that richer counties with social welfare supports tend to regulate labour less than relatively poorer countries; but, these studies concentrate mainly on country-wide or cross-country data leaving out variations exclusively found in micro-level data. This study fills a gap in the literature by conducting a comprehensive study of the effects of labour laws on output and productivity of manufacturing firms in Indian states. Unlike previous studies which measure the strength of labour regulation by interpreting labour laws, this study measures the same by mining information from case-law citations of labour laws and builds an index of labour litigiousness which proxies for the strength of labour regulation. Results show that labour litigation and industrial disputes have significant negative influences on both output and productivity of manufacturing firms.
Rivalling Noun-Dependent Complements in Modern English: that‑Clauses and ‘Complex’ Gerunds
Authors: Rohdenburg Günter
Published: June 2019

This corpus‑based paper explores the history and present status of the contrast between noun‑dependent that‑clauses and ‘complex’ gerunds containing their own subjects. With seven of the fifteen nouns under scrutiny, the emergence of the that‑clause either follows that of the gerund or the two complement types emerge at about the same time. This suggests that we will have to qualify the general assumption that since the eighteenth century English has promoted non‑finite subordinate clauses at the expense of finite ones. More crucially, with by far most of the nouns investigated, the that‑clause has gained much further ground over the last few centuries, with American English spearheading this development since the early nineteenth century. In line with the Complexity Principle, the grammatical environments favouring the more explicit that‑clause over the complex gerund include subject complexity and different types of structural discontinuity. Intriguingly, however, the easy‑to‑process there‑clause containing the nouns in question is also found to favour the that‑clause at the expense of the complex gerund.
New Light on Early Middle English Borrowing from Anglo-Norman: Investigating Kinship Terms in grand‑
Authors: Durkin Philip
Published: June 2019

It is well known that the set of kinship terms in Middle English showed considerable influence from French. In the case of aunt and uncle, this accompanied major restructuring of the system of kinship terms, as the Old English set of four distinct terms for paternal and maternal uncles and aunts were replaced by just two terms for ‘uncle’ and ‘aunt’, regardless of whether paternal or maternal. In comparison, the words for ‘grandfather’ and ‘grandmother’ have attracted little attention, as their story has appeared simpler: Old English had words for ‘grandfather’ and ‘grandmother’, irrespective of whether paternal or maternal, and so did Middle English. The terms are also similar in structure, with native terms in which words for ‘father’ or ‘mother’ are the head and eald ‘old’ is the modifier (whether in a compound or a phrasal structure) being replaced by borrowed terms (grandsire, granddame) or hybrid terms (grandfather, grandmother) in which French grand ‘big’ is the modifier. This paper shows that behind this apparently simple story there lurk some significant complications which point to considerable disruption and instability in the terms for ‘grandfather’ and ‘grandmother’ in both Middle English and French (with interesting and perhaps significant parallels also in other West Germanic languages). Consideration of these complications also casts new light on early lexical borrowing into Middle English from Anglo-Norman.
Two Personal Names in Recently Found Anglo-Saxon Runic Inscriptions: Sedgeford (Norfolk) and Elsted (West Sussex)
Authors: Hines John
Published: June 2019

In 2017 two objects carrying runic inscriptions that are identifiable as personal names were found. Both date to the ninth century; both are dithematic (compound) names. The object identified as a spoon or fork handle from Sedgeford in Norfolk bears a familiar male name, Biarnferð. This contains a runic graph hitherto unseen, which may, despite the provenance of the find, be interpreted as a representation of the diphthong ia that developed in the Kentish dialect by the middle of the ninth century. There is in fact a historically known individual of this name who witnessed a series of Canterbury charters in the mid-ninth century. The other object, a strap-end from Elsted in West Sussex, carries what can be identified from its final element, ‑flǣd, as a female name, although the whole name cannot be read. What is legible cannot be identified with any previously recorded personal name. Evaluation of these finds emphasizes how Anglo-Saxon runic writing practice continued to adapt to changes in the language and the regularization of roman-script literacy in the ninth century. Finally, the role of literacy within a nexus of cultural relationship involving individuals and artefacts is also highlighted.
Systematic design of microscope objectives. Part III: miscellaneous design principles and system synthesis
Authors: Zhang Yueqian , Gross Herbert
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the lens modules used in the Zones 1–4 microscope objectives, which have been summarised in Part II, are utilised to create new structures. Both the modification of available systems and the synthesis of new system structures from basic building blocks are introduced. Moreover, design principles used under four special cases are introduced in this paper, including very-low-magnification Zone 5 objectives, very-high-magnification Zone 6 objectives, objectives with correction function (CORR) and objectives with diffractive optical elements, which were not systematically discussed in Part II. All the definitions and terms are based on the preceding papers.
Juden und Diabetes
Authors: Jütte Robert
Published: June 2019

It is noticeable that diabetes - unlike other diseases usually associated with Jews, such as leprosy, haemorrhoids and scabies - was not linked to Judaism until the second half of the nineteenth century. The first statistics used to prove that Jews suffer from this metabolic disorder with particular frequency came interestingly from a physician in Karlsbad who noticed that there was a disproportionately high number of Jews among his diabetes patients. Since the end of the nineteenth century, mortality statistics from various cities (Boston, New York, Frankfurt) or regions (Prussia, for instance) have also been used as evidence in the medical literature. They also seem to confirm the higher mortality rates in Jewish diabetes sufferers. Doubts as to the reliability of such statistics were expressed early on. It was pointed out, for instance, that some of the figures came from spa towns or specialized medical practices and were therefore linked to a particular class of Jews and non-Jews. Some physicians sought the cause of the ailment in certain racial characteristics, others in the idiosyncratic behaviours of this demographic group. Given the highly complex processes underlying the origin of diabetes, the findings of modern genetic research may well also prove to be incorrect in the future.
Der kranke Mann im Golus
Authors: Kilcher Andreas
Published: June 2019

Zionism is rooted in the programme for overcoming the Diaspora. The descriptions of this programme go hand in hand with an in-depth »diagnosis« of the sufferings of the Diaspora as a symptom of the ongoing animosity towards Jews and their persecution even, and particularly, in the age of emancipation. This cultural, social and political diagnosis was described in Zionism - and it is no coincidence that this happened mostly through physicians - as the medical and psychiatric pathologization of the »Jewish people’s body«. In this process of naturalization and scientification paradigms and methods of the contemporary humanities and social sciences were applied, including concepts as controversial as that of the »Jewish race«. The present analysis examines this medical account from two complementary perspectives: the medical verbalization of the political discourse of Zionism on the one hand (Leon Pinsker, Max Nordau, etc.), and the politicization of medicine on the other (Arthur Kahn, Felix Theilhaber, etc.).
Herausforderungen in der interdisziplinären Entwicklung von Cyber-Physischen Produktionssystemen
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Fantuzzi Cesare , Wimmer Manuel , Böhm Markus , Fay Alexander
Published: June 2019

Modellbasierte Systementwicklung hat bereits Anwendung in der industriellen Entwicklung einer Vielzahl technischer Systeme gefunden. Die Verwendung verschiedener Modelle, z. B. für mechanische, elektrotechnische und automatisierungstechnische Systemaspekte sowie deren Varianten und Versionen unterstützt interdisziplinäre Innovationen, führt jedoch zu vielen Herausforderungen. Eine davon ist die heterogene Modelllandschaft, die insbesondere von überlappenden, teilweise redundant modellierten Informationen geprägt ist. Zudem unterliegen Entwicklungs-, Produktions- und Serviceprozesse ständig internen sowie auch externen Entwicklungszyklen. Zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen können verschiedene Methoden und Techniken eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden einige dieser Ansätze hinsichtlich ihrer Vorteile und Grenzen untersucht, und zwar das Konsistenz- bzw. Inkonsistenzmanagement von gekoppelten Modellen im Engineering, das disziplin-übergreifende Management des Engineering-Workflows sowie die Bedeutung von Smart Data Ansätzen bzw. modellbasiertem Wissen.
From Jungle to Civilized Economy: The Power Foundation of Exchange Economy Equilibrium
Authors: Schwarz Mordechai E.
Published: June 2019

This article explores the evolution of a civilized exchange economy from an anarchistic environment. I analyze a model of stochastic jungle bargaining mechanism and show that it implements the Talmud Rule allocation (Aumann, R. J., and M. Maschler. 1985. “Game Theoretic Analysis of a Bankruptcy Problem from the Talmud.” Journal of Economic Theory 36 (2): 195–213.) in subgame perfect equilibrium. This Pareto-inefficient allocation constitutes the initial endowment of a stable exchange economy and supports stable Walrasian equilibria, implying that civilized economies could evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature without social contract or regulator. The moral implications of these results are also briefly discussed.
The emergence of the hybrid older reader: A cross-national study
Authors: Adoni Hanna , Nimrod Galit
Published: June 2019

Based on a survey of 6,989 individuals aged 60 and up from six countries (Austria, Denmark, Israel, the Netherlands, Romania and Spain), this study aimed at exploring the extent to which digital media practices complement and/or replace print media among older internet users. Results indicated a relative strength of print media among this audience and pointed to four differentiated sub-segments: hybrid readers—who comprised the majority of sample respondents—, heavy print readers, heavy online readers and non-readers. The segment type significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics. The findings indicate that older readers are not a homogenous group and that their reading habits are affected by a complex configuration of factors: technological features of different media, specific individual psychosocial needs, unequal allocation of cultural capital among varied social groups that results in different levels and types of literacy, and—at least to some extent—idiosyncratic cultural and political conditions in each country.
Copula multivariate GARCH model with constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Burda Martin , Bélisle Louis
Published: June 2019

The Copula Multivariate GARCH (CMGARCH) model is based on a dynamic copula function with time-varying parameters. It is particularly suited for modelling dynamic dependence of non-elliptically distributed financial returns series. The model allows for capturing more flexible dependence patterns than a multivariate GARCH model and also generalizes static copula dependence models. Nonetheless, the model is subject to a number of parameter constraints that ensure positivity of variances and covariance stationarity of the modeled stochastic processes. As such, the resulting distribution of parameters of interest is highly irregular, characterized by skewness, asymmetry, and truncation, hindering the applicability and accuracy of asymptotic inference. In this paper, we propose Bayesian analysis of the CMGARCH model based on Constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (CHMC), which has been shown in other contexts to yield efficient inference on complicated constrained dependence structures. In the CMGARCH context, we contrast CHMC with traditional random-walk sampling used in the previous literature and highlight the benefits of CHMC for applied researchers. We estimate the posterior mean, median and Bayesian confidence intervals for the coefficients of tail dependence. The analysis is performed in an application to a recent portfolio of S&P500 financial asset returns.
Exponential inequalities for nonstationary Markov chains
Authors: Alquier Pierre , Doukhan Paul , Fan Xiequan
Published: June 2019

Exponential inequalities are main tools in machine learning theory. To prove exponential inequalities for non i.i.d random variables allows to extend many learning techniques to these variables. Indeed, much work has been done both on inequalities and learning theory for time series, in the past 15 years. However, for the non independent case, almost all the results concern stationary time series. This excludes many important applications: for example any series with a periodic behaviour is nonstationary. In this paper, we extend the basic tools of [19] to nonstationary Markov chains. As an application, we provide a Bernsteintype inequality, and we deduce risk bounds for the prediction of periodic autoregressive processes with an unknown period.
Die Konfusion der Identitätstheorie mit dem Neurokonstruktivismus und deterministischen Naturalismus – demonstriert am Ansatz von Michael Pauen
Authors: Richter Matthias
Published: June 2019

Representatives of ‘philosophy of mind’ such as Michael Pauen think about the issue of mind and brain as if they were solving a linguistic puzzle. At first glance this approach appears to be particularly objective, but actually it contains misleading simplifications, logical failures and categorical mistakes at crucial points in the train of thought. This article demonstrates that the claim of identity of mind and brain only makes sense if one presupposes neuroconstructivism and strong naturalism already in the very composition of the identity-oriented argument. According to naturalism, every occurrence, thus also our subjectivity and our personal acts, are conditioned sufficiently by the causal mechanism of actions. Intentionality is thus reduced to a causal mechanism and consciousness to a psychophysical state. When theorists like Gerhard Roth or Michael Pauen interpret observations of brain science to the effect that our lives are determined by neurobiological processes and that freedom of will in a strong sense is impossible, then they will only find in their interpretations what they ideologically put in beforehand.
Polycation-globular protein complex: Ionic strength and chain length effects on the structure and properties
Authors: Hergli Eya , Aschi Adel
Published: June 2019

The effect of high salt concentration and pH on the binding of globular protein to polycation at different molar masses has been investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), turbidimetry and electrostatic modeling for the protein. In dilute concentration regime, DLS and pH titrations showed three remarkable pH transitions: pHc, the pH where soluble complexes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and linear synthetic Polyethylenemine (PEI) are formed, pHc’ presents the end of primary soluble complex and pHφ presents the first appearance of microcoacervate droplets. All pH transitions increase with increasing NaCl concentration. The Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) identify with precision the functional sites at the surface of BSA and shows that the strength of electrostatic interactions depends hugely on the variation of pH and ionic strength. At a very high concentration of salt, no remarkable effect on a mixture formed of a long chain of polycation and globular protein.
Polyimide/mica hybrid films with low coefficient of thermal expansion and low dielectric constant
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xu Yong , Song Chaoran , Chen Jian , Liu Xiaohong
Published: June 2019

Polyimide (PI)/mica hybrid films were successfully prepared by in situ condensation polymerization method, in which the mica particles were modified by coupling agent γ-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTS) to strengthen the interaction between the mica particles and PI matrix. The morphology, structure, thermal and mechanical properties as well as dielectric properties of PI films were systematically studied via Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR spectrometer), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile experiments, Thermal mechanical analyzer (TMA), impedance analyzer, etc. The results indicated that the mica particles were dispersed homogeneously in PI matrix, leading to an improvement of the mechanical property, thermal stability and hydrophobicity. It was novel to notice that hybrid films exhibited low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and low dielectric constant simultaneously. The CTE and dielectric constant of hybrid film dropped to 25.36 ppm/k and 2.42 respectively, in the presence of 10 wt% mica into polyimide matrix.
Continuous fabrication of near-infrared light responsive bilayer hydrogel fibers based on microfluidic spinning
Authors: Zhou Meiling , Gong Jinghua , Ma Jinghong
Published: June 2019

Hydrogel microfibers with inhomogenous structure can achieve some complex motions such as bending, folding and twisting. So it can be applied to soft actuators, soft robots and micropumps. In this paper, continuous bilayer hydrogel fibers in which one layer is calcium alginate hydrogel and the other is linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)/calcium alginate/graphene oxide (GO) semi-interpenetrating hydrogel were prepared based on microfluidic spinning method. The results show that the bilayer hydrogel fibers have particular porous internal structures of semi-IPN hydrogels and the pore size becomes smaller with the increase of GO content. Besides, the bilayer hydrogel fibers can bend response to the temperature and near-infrared (NIR) light. The diameter of the hydrogel fibers can be tuned by changing the flow rate of spinning fluid and the take-up velocity of winding device.
Fully water-blown polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams with improved mechanical properties prepared from aqueous solution of gelling/ blowing and trimerization catalysts
Authors: Sukkaneewat Benjatham , Sridaeng Duangruthai , Chantarasiri Nuanphun
Published: June 2019

Fully water-blown polyisocyanurate-polyurethane (PIR-PUR) foams with improved mechanical properties have been prepared using aqueous solutions of metal-ammonia complex, Cu(Am) or Zn(Am), as gelling/blowing catalysts and potassium octoate (KOct) solution in diethylene glycol as a trimerization catalyst. Two catalyst mixtures, Cu(Am)+KOct and Zn(Am)+KOct, were obtained as homogeneous aqueous solutions. In comparison to commercial catalyst system, DMCHA+KOct (DMCHA = N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine), Cu(Am) and Zn(Am) could be miscible with KOct solution and water easier than DMCHA. This miscibility improvement led Cu(Am)+KOct and Zn(Am)+KOct to show faster catalytic reactivity in PIR-PUR foam reactions than DMCHA+KOct. All obtained PIR-PUR foams showed self-extinguishing properties and achieved HF1 materials. However, PIR-PUR foams prepared from Cu(Am)+KOct and Zn(Am)+KOct at NCO:OH ratio of 2:1 had suitable density for industrial applications and showed higher compressive strength than that prepared from DMCHA+KOct. These foams have high potential to apply as insulations for constructions, core laminates in wall panel or storage tanks.
γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a bio-based green solvent and ligand for iron-mediated AGET ATRP
Authors: Shen XianRong , Xia DengZhou , Xiang YiXin , Gao JianGang
Published: June 2019

In this paper, γ-valerolactone (GVL), a bio-based polar solvent, was applied as green solvent for iron(III)-catalyzed AGET ATRP without any external ligand. GVL is a fully degradable, non-toxic green solvent and has complex ability to iron halide complexes through –OCO- group. GVL as the solvent and the ligand for AGET ATRP of MMA in a controlled manner, as proved by kinetic study, the low PDI values and the increase in polymer molecular weight versus monomer conversion. Chain re-initiation experiments and 1HNMR characterization were conducted to further confirm the living feature.
Revealing key parameters to minimize the diameter of polypropylene fibers produced in the melt electrospinning process
Authors: Daenicke Jonas , Lämmlein Michael , Steinhübl Felix , Schubert Dirk W.
Published: June 2019

This study deals with the subject of optimizing the melt electrospinning process of polypropylene with the aim of producing nanoscale fibers. A feasibility study with two polypropylene types and different additives to adapt the material composition is performed. The polypropylene types are of different molar masses to adapt the viscosity to the process. The used additives, sodium stearate and Irgastat®P 16, have a positive effect on the electrical conductivity of the polymer melt. In addition, process parameter optimization is done by varying the climate chamber temperature, using different collector voltages and varying the nozzle-collector distance. A strong influence of the climate chamber temperature has been proven and leads to a desired temperature of 100°C. The fiber diameter is dependent on process parameters, material melt viscosity and electrical conductivity. With optimized process and material parameters, the fiber diameter could be minimized to a median value of 210 nm.
Beyond Consumer Law – Small Enterprises, Independent Contractors and other Professional Weak Parties
Authors: Rinaldo Carlotta
Published: June 2019

The need to protect weak parties from unfair standard contract terms does not only exist in b2c relationships, as one could at first sight believe. In business contracts also, entrepreneurs and other professionals can be subservient to their counterparty. Accordingly, this may result in an asymmetrical situation posing the same problems that are usually addressed in consumer contracts. On the grounds of these introductory considerations, this paper aims at analysing the problem from a European point of view, with special attention to the Italian legal system. A variety of different solutions – depending on the single rationales of the different legal systems at issue – emerges, offering de iure condendo a good starting point for a fresh and novel pragmatic approach.
The Impact of Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Applications to Federal Disability Programs
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Hyde Jody Schimmel , Colby Maggie , O’Leary Paul
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we estimate the impact of Medicaid expansions via the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on applications to federal disability programs in 14 states that expanded Medicaid in January 2014. We use a difference-in-differences regression model to compare disability application rates in geographic areas within states that expanded Medicaid to rates in areas of non-expansion states that were carefully selected using a matching approach that accounts for state Medicaid policies pre-ACA as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that might influence disability application rates. We find a slower decrease in Supplemental Security Income (SSI) application rates after Medicaid expansions in expansion states relative to non-expansion states, with application rates declining in both state groups from 2014 through 2016. Our analysis of the impact of the Medicaid expansions on Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) application rates was inconclusive for reasons we discuss in the paper.
Efficient and selective microwave-assisted O-methylation of phenolic compounds using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)
Authors: Gholipour Fatemeh , Rahmani Mohammad , Panahi Farhad
Published: June 2019

In this study, an efficient method for O-methylation of phenolic compound using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as a new alkylating agent under microwave irradiation was developed. Ethanol was selected as a green reaction media to accomplish this protocol under environmentallybenign conditions. Less than half hour time is needed to obtain good to excellent yields of products at temperature of about 120°C. Using this procedure, phenolic compounds could be converted to the corresponding aryl methyl derivatives quickly. The results indicated that different phenolic compounds bearing both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups are O-methylated effectively using TMAOH under microwave irradiation. This novel protocol has many improvements in view point of reaction yields, selectivity and conditions compared to previous studies. Trimethylamine and water were the side products of O-methylation reaction which can be recovered easily from the product mixture. This methodology showed high selectivity for O-methylation and no C-methylated products were observed.
Green synthesis, anionic polymerization of 1,4-bis(methacryloyl)piperazine using Algerian clay as catalyst
Authors: Derkaoui Samira , Kherroub Djamal Eddine , Belbachir Mohammed
Published: June 2019

In this work, a chain of reactions has been proposed as a new heterogeneous technique, based on the use of natural treated clays as an environmentally friendly catalysts for the synthesis of poly(1,4-bis(methacryloyl)piperazine). We first synthesized the monomer; 1,4-bis(methacryloyl)piperazine (NBMP) in bulk (without solvent) by the condensation of heterocyclic secondary amines piperazine with methacrylic anhydride catalyzed by maghnite-H+at room temperature during 2 h. After that, we have polymerized anionically the obtained NBMP in an ice bath using anionic catalyst maghnite-Na+at 0°C, the reaction took place in 24 h. The poly(1,4-bis(methacryloyl)piperazine) and NBMP structure was characterized and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy,1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Thermal properties of the polymer were determined using thermogravimetric analysis. The yield of the reaction was 72% and 59% for the monomer and polymer synthesis respectively. The effect of the weight content of the catalyst on the reaction yield was studied. A polymerization mechanism has been suggested showing the role of maghnite as a catalyst during the reaction courses.
Biosynthetic potential assessment of four food pathogenic bacteria in hydrothermally silver nanoparticles fabrication
Authors: Rahimirad Amir , Javadi Afshin , Mirzaei Hamid , Anarjan Navideh , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: June 2019

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized using four pathogenic bacterial extracts namely,Bacillus cereus,E. coli,Staphylococcus aureusandSalmonella entericasubsp.enterica. Synthesis process were hydrothermally accelerated using temperature, pressure and heating time of 121°C, 1.5 bar ad 15 min. Physico- chemical characteristics of the fabricated Ag NPs, including, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, broad emission peak (λmax) and concentration were evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size analyzer. Furthermore, main existed functional groups in the provided bacterial extracts were recognized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results revealed that two main peaks were detected around 3453 and 1636.5 cm-1, for all bacterial extracts, were interrelated to the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl and amide groups which those had key roles in the reduction of ions and stabilizing of the formed Ag NPs. The results also indicated that, Ag NPs with much desirable characteristics, including minimum particle size (25.62 nm) and PDI (0.381), and maximum zeta potential (-29.5 mV) were synthesized usingS. e. subsp. entericaextract. λmax, absorbance and concentration values for the fabricated Ag NPs with this bacterial extract were 400 nm, 0.202% a.u. and 5.87 ppm.
The effect of Nb content on precipitates, microstructure and texture of grain oriented silicon steel
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhu Chengyi , Li Guangqiang , Liu Yu , Zhou Bowen
Published: June 2019

Niobium has the potential as an inhibitor forming element in grain oriented silicon steel. The grain oriented silicon steels with different Nb contents (0.028 wt% and 0.052 wt%) were prepared, and the effect of Nb content on the evolution of precipitates, microstructure and texture were investigated by the various analysis methods and thermodynamic calculations. The results show that the smaller size and larger number density of precipitates were obtained in the sample with low Nb steel after hot rolling. In the process of normalization, Nb(C, N) are more inclined to precipitate along the dislocations caused by hot rolling, contributing to finer and more dispersed precipitates in normalized bands. The finer and more dispersed precipitates in 0.028% Nb containing silicon steel perform a stronger pinning force during whole heat treatment processes, resulting in the smaller grain size and higher intensity of Goss texture in the specimen containing 0.028%Nb. After normalization, the intensities of Goss texture in both steels decrease.
Occurrence and Antibiogram of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin- and Cephamycin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Asymptomatic University Students
Authors: Anyanwu Madubuike Umunna , Okpalanwa Chiamaka Felicitas , Ugwuanyi Raymond Nduka
Published: June 2019

Background: Apparently healthy individuals could serve as reservoirs and disseminators of extendedspectrum cephalosporin (ESC)- and cephamycin (cefoxitin, FOX)-resistant, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-P) Escherichia coli which jeopardizes antibacterial therapy thereby posing a threat to the health of infected individuals/carriers. Objectives: This study aimed to screen healthy asymptomatic students in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) as potential reservoirs of ESC- and FOX-resistant and ESBL-P E. coli and to determine the antibacterial resistance profile. Materials and Methods: Anal swabs were collected from 190 randomly selected healthy asymptomatic students of both genders in UNN between March and July 2018. ESC-resistant E. coli was isolated using MacConkey agar with 2 µg/mL ceftazidime. ESBL production was assessed by combination disc method while cephamycin resistance was determined using cefoxitin disc screening. Phenotypic resistance of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 190 samples, 20 (10.2%) demonstrated growth. Of these, 6 (30%) were FOX resistant (putative AmpC-producers) but none produced ESBL. The resistance of the isolates was 100% to ampicillin (AMP), 95% to ceftazidime (CAZ), tetracycline (TET) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), 30% to FOX and chloramphenicol (CHL), 85% to ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR) and streptomycin (STR), and 65% to kanamycin (KAN). All the isolates were susceptible to meropenem (MEM). Among the 20 isolates, 1 (5%) was resistant to 2 classes of antibacterial agents while 19 (95%), including all the FOX-resistant strains, were resistant to ≥ 3 classes of antibacterial agents. The isolates exhibited 11 multiple antibacterial resistance patterns with AMP, CAZ, FOX, TET, CIP, ENR, STR, KAN, SXT being predominant. Conclusion: Healthy asymptomatic students in UNN are potential reservoirs and disseminators of ESC- and cephamycin (FOX)-resistant E. coli.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Alone and in Combination with Origanum majorana and Caryophyllus aromaticus Essential Oils against Some Foodborne Bacteria
Authors: Partovi Razieh , Talebi Fazele , Boluki Zahra , Sharifzadeh Aghil
Published: June 2019

Background: Food spoilage and foodborne diseases are two important problems in the food industry. On the other hand, consumers’ tendency to use natural additives is increasing. Hence, plant essential oils (EOs) can be safe alternatives in this regard. Objective: The objectives were to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus EO against some foodborne bacteria alone and in combination with Origanum majorana and Caryophyllus aromaticus EOs. Materials and Methods: Chemical composition of C. citratus EO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Further, antibacterial activity of the EO against foodborne bacteria was assessed using disk diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the EO was determined by microdilution broth method and then the minimum bactericidal concentration value was determined. Checkerboard synergy testing was also performed to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Finally, time-kill curves were drawn based on the bacterial population (CFU/mL) against time (h). Results: The major compounds of C. citratus EO were isothymol, thymol, trans-caryophyllene, and cymene. The most and the least sensitive foodborne bacteria to C. citratus EO were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of C. citratus EO against all the evaluated bacteria were 0.1% and The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged between 0.1 and >2% (v/v). The combination of C. citratus and O. majorana EOs showed a synergistic activity against Salmonella typhimurium and partial synergism against B. subtilis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, S. aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, the combination of C. citratus and C. aromaticus EOs demonstrated partial synergism against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, and additive interaction against S. typhimurium; however, the combination was indifferent against E. coli O157:H7 and B. subtilis. Furthermore, C. citratus plus O. majorana EOs and C. citratus plus C. aromaticus EOs showed a bactericidal effect against S. typhimurium after 24 hours in the time-kill assay. Conclusion: In general, the synergism, partial synergism, and additive effects of C. citratus in combination with C. aromaticus and O. majorana EOs strengthen the antimicrobial activity, expand the spectrum of activity, reduce the concentrations required, decrease the side effects, and prevent the alteration of organoleptic properties of food.
Construction of the racialised and colonised other: global comparatives in imperial and colonial archaeology
Authors: Rizvi Uzma Z.
Published: June 2019

Whereas Sarr and Savoy (2018) focus on artefacts taken from various African countries after 1885, Incidental archaeologists, considers “the first four decades of the French conquest and pacification of Algeria under the authority of the French military Government General” (p. 24). Throughout the volume, Effros presents a convincing argument in which the social history of military infrastructure lays the groundwork for the future of the French civilising mission. She is clear about the magnitude of the task that the book is engaged in; it provides links between early French archaeologists and epigraphers and their place within the development of the disciplines. It also considers the ways by which romanticised narratives, created by French officers, about the classical archaeology of Algeria led to irresponsible destruction of antiquity, violence against local resistant populations and classifications that became constitutive of colonial archaeological interest and practice.
Improvement and Reaction Mechanisms of Hydrolytic Resistance of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Mixed with Glacial Acetic Acid
Authors: Jun Li , Yongsheng Ji
Published: June 2019

The aim of this quantitative study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of glacial acetic acid on the setting time and hydrolytic resistance properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). Sufficient addition of glacial acetic acid can prolong the setting time of an MPC paste. In our experiment, it was observed that the setting time increased and then decreased with increasing acid addition. Meanwhile, it was observed that the addition of acid could lead to improved hydrolytic resistance and that the critical time of water entry was approximately 7 days for standard curing. The improved hydrolytic resistance might be attributed to the chemical reaction between glacial acetic acid and phosphate inside the MPC, optimization of the pore structure of the MPC, and a reduction in the concentration of soluble phosphate.
Trends of Forming the Accounting and Analytical Management System in the Digital Economy
Authors: Hushko Serhii , Kulishov Volodymyr , Izmaylov Yaroslav , Subačienė Rasa
Published: June 2019

Recent trends of overall digitalisation challenges to find new approaches and improvement of information formation systems in different spheres. The trends also make impact on the tendency to develop common stereotypes of methods, accounting procedures, reporting forms, etc. which may be called identification. The identification of accounting systems in its essence - is the solution to the problem of harmonization of accounting at the international level. However, it is impossible to achieve complete identification. Everything that is done in this direction at the national level by accounting systems (standardization of reporting, convergence of national rules with international ones, convergence of evaluation and control systems, etc.) indicates a progressive trend in the processes of identification and harmonization of accounting systems. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the trends of forming the accounting and analytical management system in the digital economy. The research methods are comparison, systematisation and summarisation of information. Thus the main components of the accounting organization have been defined, among them: the technique of organizing and conducting accounting; methodological support of accounting and internal control. There is a need for generalization of modern achievements for the construction of the AAMS, the development of the company's development strategy in the light of work peculiarities in the digital economy. Authors identified, that there is a modification of the existing and emergence of modern requirements and tasks for the organization of accounting due to a focus on new users, transformation of motives and requests of all interested in the accounting information participants of international economic relations. Moreover, further improvement of the AAMS organization will enable to increase efficiency and raise productivity of economic activity.

JEL code: M40
Suspicion and Persistence: A Case of Pediatric Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Dechert Brynn E. , LaPage Martin J. , Cohen Mitchell I.
Published: June 2019

This is the case of a 9-year-old girl who initially presents with episodes of syncope and potentially concerning family history. An extensive evaluation is unrevealing, and she appears to have simple benign autonomic dysfunction. Eventually, a rare and life-threatening disease is uncovered, and she receives appropriate treatment. The case report highlights the persistence and suspicion of the managing providers that ultimately allowed the diagnosis to be revealed as well as some of the key features of the underlying disease.