bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry and petrology of striped chert as a provenance tool for artefacts from the KRZEMIONKI NEOLITHIC mining area (Poland)
Authors: Migaszewski Zdzisław M. , Gałuszka Agnieszka , Migaszewski Andrzej
Published: April 2022

A prehistoric flint mine in Krzemionki with a neighboring area covers at least 2,300‐year history of striped chert extraction and dressing, spanning the age bracket of 3900 through 1600 B.C. The striped cherts occur in the form of concretions (nodules) varying from centimeters to at least 2 m across. This paper presents updated results of petrological and geochemical study of these siliceous rocks using optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis (major/trace elements), and laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (rare earth elements). Striped chert concretions show strong light REENASC enrichments in relation to heavy REENASC; distinctly positive Eu, Pr, Tb, Ho, and Tm anomalies (≥1.2); as well as predominantly low (<0.6) Al2O3/Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + Mn2O3 ratios. These features discriminate these siliceous rocks from most chert occurrences in Europe. Microanalysis of individual concretions has confirmed multiphase provenance of striped chert concretions as evidenced by variations in concentrations of REE and other minor and trace elements. These characteristic markers may be used as geochemical proxies for studying the chert geologic/geographic origin and for sourcing of chert artefacts.
Self‐critical perfectionism, dependency and entropy during cognitive behavioural therapy for depression
Authors: Hawley Lance L. , Rappaport Lance M. , Padesky Christine A. , Hollon Steven D. , Mancuso Enza , Laposa Judith M. , Brozina Karen , Segal Zindel V.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study examined whether ‘personality vulnerability’ (i.e., self‐critical perfectionism or dependency) predicts the trajectory of change, as well as variability and instability (i.e., entropy) of symptoms, during cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression.

Design

Study participants were outpatients (N = 312) experiencing a primary mood disorder. Participants received CBT for depression group sessions over 15 weeks. Self‐report measures of self‐critical perfectionism, dependency, and depression were collected longitudinally.

Methods

A latent growth mixture modelling (LGMM) statistical approach was used to evaluate the presence of latent classes of individuals based on their longitudinal pattern of symptom change during CBT and to evaluate whether baseline self‐critical perfectionism or dependency predicts class membership. A Latent Acceleration Score (LAS) model evaluated whether perfectionism or dependency led to variability in depression symptom change (e.g., velocity) by considering changes in velocity (e.g., acceleration and/or deceleration).

Results

LGMM indicated the presence of two latent classes that represent symptom improvement (N = 239) or minimal symptom improvement over time (N = 73). Elevated baseline self‐critical perfectionism, but not dependency, predicted a greater likelihood of membership in the class of participants who demonstrated minimal symptom improvement over time. The second analysis examined whether baseline self‐critical perfectionism also predicts depression symptom variability and instability. The LAS perfectionism model demonstrated that perfectionism accelerates depression symptom change during the first seven sessions of treatment, then has a decelerating effect on depression symptom change.

Conclusions

Results indicated that higher baseline self‐critical perfectionism predicted higher variability and instability in depression symptoms and variability in acceleration and deceleration, over the course of treatment.
CD44v3,8‐10 is essential for Slug‐dependent vimentin gene expression to acquire TGF‐β1‐induced tumor cell motility
Authors: Qiu Shichao , Iimori Makoto , Edahiro Keitaro , Fujimoto Yoshiaki , Matsuoka Kazuaki , Oki Eiji , Maehara Yoshihiko , Mori Masaki , Kitao Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

CD44 is a widely expressed polymorphic adhesion molecule that has pleiotropic functions in development and tumor progression. Its mRNA undergoes alternative splicing to generate multiple variant (CD44v) isoforms, although the function of each CD44v isoform is not fully elucidated. Here, we show that CD44v plays an important role in the induction of vimentin expression upon transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Among multiple CD44v isoforms expressed in NUGC3 gastric cancer cells, CD44v8‐10 and CD44v3,8‐10 are involved in the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties associated with TGF‐β1‐induced EMT, and only CD44v3,8‐10 induces the transcription of vimentin mediated by the EMT transcription factor Slug. In primary tumor specimens obtained from patients with gastric cancer, CD44‐containing variant exon 9 (CD44v9) expression and EMT features [E‐cadherin(−)vimentin(+)] were significantly correlated, and EMT features in the cells expressing CD44v9 were associated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and pStage, which indicate invasive and metastatic properties, and poor prognosis. These results indicate that certain CD44v isoforms promote tumor cell motility and metastasis in gastric cancer in association with EMT features, and CD44v3,8‐10 may contribute to these clinical characteristics.
Elevating human dimensions of amphibian and reptile conservation, a USA perspective
Authors: Olson Deanna H. , Pilliod David S.
Published: April 2022

Increasing threats to amphibian and reptile species raise the urgency of their conservation. However, relative to other vertebrate groups at risk, amphibians and reptiles have low and more variable social capital; they are not generally high‐priority natural goods and services valued by people. Consequently, relative to other groups such as birds, mammals, and economically important fish, they garner fewer conservation resources. With increasing risks, their situation degrades. We examine five societal sectors with herpetofaunal conservation interests in the United States (local communities, people in defined geographies and jurisdictions, species and threat specialists and advocates, associated researchers, managers, and policy makers) to understand challenges of low and variable social capital for herpetofauna. With current trends of US public values changing from traditionalist consumerism of wildlife to mutualist coexistence philosophies, a refocus of outreach and inreach efforts could help reframe priorities toward species at greatest risk, rather than broad taxonomic biases. Integrated teams of engaged natural resource managers, researchers, and the interested public can help promote species‐ and issue‐based programs to forestall losses, hence programmatically raising social capital. Heightened recognition of the importance of human relationships and herpetofaunal diversity among researchers, managers, policy makers, educators, artists, authors, citizens, and children could provide inertia to reframe conservation program effectiveness at local‐to‐national scales.
Dark diversity at home describes the success of cross‐continent tree invasions
Authors: Paganeli Bruno , Toussaint Aurèle , Bueno Carlos Guillermo , Fujinuma Junichi , Reier Ülle , Pärtel Meelis
Published: April 2022

Aim

Non‐native species threaten ecosystems worldwide, but we poorly know why some species invade more. Functional traits, residence time and native range size have been often used as invasion predictors. Here, we advance in the field by linking invasion success to native range parameters derived from dark diversity – a set of species present in the surrounding region that are absent in a study location even if ecological conditions are suitable. We tested whether those parameters improve the description of species success outside their native range.

Location

North America; Europe and Mediterranean Basin.

Methods

For 170 tree species native in one and non‐native in another region, we defined their invasion success as the number of locations occupied at the non‐native range. The probabilistic dark diversity was estimated based on the species co‐occurrences in their native ranges. It specifies how suitable is a species for a location, even if the species is absent. We calculated two parameters: sum of native location suitabilities (niche breadth proxy) and dark diversity probability (how often a species is absent from suitable locations, indicating niche realization limitations). We explored whether models including the dark diversity parameters performed better than one with a common species range measure, the number of locations occupied. We accomplished our models by adding functional traits, residence time and invasion direction.

Results

Invasion success increased with the sum of native location suitabilities and decreased with dark diversity probability. This model with dark diversity parameters outperformed an alternative using the number of native locations occupied. Our best model included invasion direction, functional traits (including mycorrhizal status) and residence time, but dark diversity parameters remained important predictors.

Main conclusions

The dark diversity parameters can contribute to invasion ecology by linking the species performance in the non‐native range to its niches parameters, derived from the native range.
Effect of maternal age on primary and secondary sex ratios in the ectoparasitoid wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae
Authors: Li Jing , Gong Xiao‐Meng , Chen Yong‐Zhuo , Pan Shuang‐Yun , Dai Ya‐Nan , Hu Hao‐Yuan , Liu Peng‐Cheng
Published: April 2022

Sex allocation is defined as the allocation of resources to produce male and female offspring during reproduction, and it is an important topic in evolutionary biology. As organisms with special haplo‐diploid sex determination, parasitoid wasps are particularly suited for the study of sex allocation. However, most studies focused on the secondary sex ratio (i.e., the eclosion sex ratio) because the oviposition ratio (the primary sex ratio) is difficult to study, especially in parasitoid species. The primary sex ratio may differ from the secondary sex ratio due to larval mortality and self‐superparasitism. The present study used microsatellites to explore the effects of female age on the primary and secondary sex ratio (male proportion) of the solitary ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The primary sex ratio showed a significant decreasing trend as the oviposition days increased, and the secondary sex ratio significantly increased. Self‐superparasitism, i.e., laying more than one egg in a host, was the cause of the variation in the secondary sex ratio in P. vindemmiae. When females practiced self‐superparasitism, they tended to lay female eggs. The application of microsatellites helped explore and improve the understanding of the primary sex ratio and self‐superparasitism in this ectoparasitoid species.
Landscape geomorphology and local‐riverine features influence Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) spawning habitat suitability in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Leppi Jason C. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Rinella Daniel J. , Wipfli Mark S. , Seitz Andrew C. , Whitman Matthew S.
Published: April 2022

Landscape‐level geomorphic processes influence the spatial and temporal arrangement of fish habitats in freshwater ecosystems and fishes move across riverscapes, selecting a suite of habitats to maximise fitness. Here, we explore the influence of geomorphology on stream channel attributes and assess Broad Whitefish (Coregonus nasus) spawning habitat potential in the Colville River in Arctic Alaska. Using high‐resolution digital surface models (5 m2), we quantified the stream network extent and summarised channel habitat attributes continuously across the drainage network. Next, we developed an intrinsic potential (IP) model for Broad Whitefish by using geomorphic channel parameters previously understood to be associated with spawning habitats (channel width, median substrate size and channel braiding) to estimate the potential of streams across the Colville River watershed to provide spawning habitat. Our model results show the majority of habitat with high IP (≥0.6) was located within the braided sections of the main channel, which encompass >1548 km, but only 2% of the total channel network. The IP model was tested by tracking radio‐tagged Broad Whitefish using aerial surveys. Prespawn fish moved into the watershed starting mid‐July and mostly used habitat with moderate to very high IP in the middle and lower watershed. Several individuals were relocated in smaller multichannels with vegetated bars that contained very low IP (≤0.2), suggesting that other factors, such as hyporheic flow, may also influence spawning habitat selection. Our study demonstrates that IP modelling offers a useful method to quantify spawning habitat potential in data‐poor riverscapes, providing useful information for managers to assess potential anthropogenic impacts and develop conservation plans to protect essential Broad Whitefish habitat.
The prognostic role of combining Krüppel‐like factor 4 score and grade of inflammation in a Norwegian cohort of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Søland Tine M. , Solhaug Maren B. , Bjerkli Inger‐Heidi , Schreurs Olav , Sapkota Dipak
Published: April 2022

Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc‐finger transcription factor involved in inflammation, cancer development, and progression. However, the relationship between KLF4, inflammation, and prognosis in oral cancer is not fully understood. KLF4 expression levels were examined in a multicenter cohort of 128 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens from the tongue (OTSCC) using immunohistochemistry. In two external KLF4 mRNA datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas/The Genotype‐Tissue Expression Portal), lower KLF4 mRNA expression was found in OSCC and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) than in control oral epithelium. These data indicate that down‐regulation of KLF4 mRNA is linked to OSCC/HNSCC progression. Using Cox‐multivariate analysis, a significantly favorable 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was observed for a subgroup of patients with a combination of high levels of KLF4 expression and inflammation. OSCC cell lines exposed to IFN‐γ showed a significant upregulation of nuclear KLF4 expression, indicating a link between inflammation and KLF4 expression in OSCC. Overall, the current data suggest a functional link between KLF4 and inflammation. The combination of high KLF4 nuclear expression and marked/moderate stromal inflammation might be useful as a favorable prognostic marker for a subgroup of OTSCC patients.
Efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin treatment of epilepsy in girls with Rett syndrome: A phase 1 clinical trial
Authors: Hurley Ellen N. , Ellaway Carolyn J. , Johnson Alexandra M. , Truong Linda , Gordon Rebecca , Galettis Peter , Martin Jennifer H. , Lawson John A.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Rett syndrome (RTT), commonly caused by methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) pathogenic variants, has many comorbidities. Fifty to ninety percent of children with RTT have epilepsy, which is often drug‐resistant. Cannabidivarin (CBDV), a non‐hallucinogenic phytocannabinoid, has shown benefit in MECP2 animal models. This phase 1 trial assessed the safety and tolerability of CBDV in female children with RTT and drug‐resistant epilepsy, as well as the effect on mean monthly seizure frequency (MMSF), the electroencephalogram (EEG), and non‐epilepsy comorbid symptoms.

Methods

Five female children with drug‐resistant epilepsy and a pathogenic MECP2 variant were enrolled. Baseline clinical and laboratory assessments, including monthly seizure frequency, were recorded. CBDV oral solution (50 mg/ml) was prescribed and titrated to 10 mg/kg/day. Data collected included pharmacokinetics, seizure type and frequency, adverse events, EEG, and responses to the Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire and Rett Syndrome Symptom Severity Index, and were compared to baseline data.

Results

All five children reached the maximum CBDV dose of 10 mg/kg/day and had a reduction in MMSF (median = 79% reduction). Three children had MMSF reduction > 75%. This corresponded to an overall reduction in seizure frequency from 32 to 7.2 seizures per month. Ninety‐one percent of adverse events were mild or moderate, and none required drug withdrawal. Sixty‐two percent were judged to be unrelated to CBDV. Thirty‐one percent of adverse events were identified as possibly related, of which nearly all were mild, and the remainder were later assessed as RTT symptoms. Hypersomnolence and drooling were identified as related to CBDV. No serious adverse events reported were related to CBDV. No significant change was noted in EEG or non‐epilepsy‐related symptoms of RTT.

Significance

A dose of 10 mg/kg/day of CBDV is safe and well tolerated in a pediatric RTT cohort and suggests improved seizure control in children with MECP2‐related RTT.
Emerging roles of the Hippo signaling pathway in modulating immune response and inflammation‐driven tissue repair and remodeling
Authors: Mia Masum M. , Singh Manvendra K.
Published: April 2022

Inflammation is an evolutionarily conserved process and part of the body's defense mechanism. Inflammation leads to the activation of immune and non‐immune cells that protect the host tissue/organs from injury or intruding pathogens. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade with an established role in regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. It is involved in diverse biological processes, including organ size control and tissue homeostasis. Recent clinical and pre‐clinical studies have shown that the Hippo signaling pathway is also associated with injury‐ and pathogen‐induced tissue inflammation and associated immunopathology. In this review, we have summarized the recent findings related to the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in modulating the immune response in different acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and its impact on tissue repair and remodeling.
Does technology‐enhanced communication improve Helicobacter pylori eradication outcomes?—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chua Branden Qi Yu , Chong Vanessa Wei Shan , Teng Thomas Zheng Jie , Chia Christopher Tze Wei , Aung Myint Oo , Shelat Vishal G
Published: April 2022

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent organism that can induce an inflammatory state in the upper gastrointestinal tract and lead to complications such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. The treatment regime is complicated, and mild‐to‐moderate adverse effects are common, making patient compliance a key determinant of successful eradication. One attractive strategy is to leverage on technology‐enhanced communication (TEC) strategies. However, the current data on the efficacy of TEC modalities in improving H. pylori eradication are limited. This is the first meta‐analysis evaluating its effectiveness to the best of our knowledge. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the current body of evidence to learn the impact of TEC initiatives.

Methods

A literature search was done on PubMed, World of Science, and Embase. A total of 9 studies variably reported on compliance rate, eradication rate, adverse effect rate, symptom relief, patient satisfaction, treatment cost, patient disease awareness, and follow‐up rates.

Results

This meta‐analysis showed that TEC initiatives significantly improve patient compliance (OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.09 – 9.77, p < .01) and eradication rate (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.34 – 2.93, p < .01) but not adverse effect rate (OR 0.65, 95% CI [0.27 – 1.57], p = .34). Due to the small number of studies and population sample, patient satisfaction, symptom relief, treatment costs, disease awareness, and follow‐up rates were assessed qualitatively.

Conclusion

TEC initiatives effectively improve compliance to the H. pylori eradication regime and increase the eradication rate.
Transient atrial inflammation in a murine model of Coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis
Authors: Wu Linghe , Fiet Mitchell D. , Raaijmakers Daan R. , Woudstra Linde , van Rossum Albert C. , Niessen Hans W. M. , Krijnen Paul A. J.
Published: April 2022

Atrial dysfunction is a relatively common complication of acute myocarditis, although its pathophysiology is unclear. There is limited information on myocarditis‐associated histological changes in the atria and how they develop in time. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate inflammation, fibrosis and viral genome in the atria in time after mild CVB3‐induced viral myocarditis (VM) in mice. C3H mice (n = 68) were infected with 105 PFU of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and were compared with uninfected mice (n = 10). Atrial tissue was obtained at days 4, 7, 10, 21, 35 or 49 post‐infection. Cellular infiltration of CD45+ lymphocytes, MAC3+ macrophages, Ly6G+ neutrophils and mast cells was quantified by (immuno)histochemical staining. The CVB3 RNA was determined by in situ hybridization, and fibrosis was evaluated by elastic van Gieson (EvG) staining. In the atria of VM mice, the numbers of lymphocytes on days 4 and 7 (p < .05) and days 10 (p < .01); macrophages on days 7 (p < .01) and 10 (p < .05); neutrophils on days 4 (p < .05); and mast cells on days 4 and 7 (p < .05) increased significantly compared with control mice and decreased thereafter to basal levels. No cardiomyocyte death was observed, and the CVB3 genome was detected in only one infected mouse on Day 4 post‐infection. No significant changes in the amount of atrial fibrosis were found between VM and control mice. A temporary increase in inflammation is induced in the atria in the acute phase of CVB3‐induced mild VM, which may facilitate the development of atrial arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction.
Development and performance evaluation of thresher for onion umbels
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Kailappan R. , Imran Syed , Kothakota Anjineyulu , Sruthi N.U.
Published: April 2022

The post‐harvest unit operations of onion umbels are being carried out manually. To mechanize this process, the present study was carried out to develop an onion umbels thresher. The developed machine works on the principle of abrasive and impact actions from rasp bars. Thresher performance was evaluated at different numbers of rasp bars (2, 3, 4, and 8 numbers), feed rates (25 ± 1, 30 ± 1, and 35 ± 1 kg/h), concave clearance (6.5 and 7.5 mm), and peripheral speeds (2.5 and 3.3 m/s). At 35 ± 1 kg/h feed rate, 2 numbers of rasp bars, 7.5 mm concave clearance, and 2.5 m/s peripheral speed recorded higher threshing efficiency (97.82%) and lower seed damage (2.08%). The parameters such as the number of rasp bars on the threshing cylinder, peripheral speeds, concave clearances, and feed rates recorded significant effect (p <  0.01) on threshing efficiency and seed damage.

Practical Applications

The manual onion seed extraction process such as beating with sticks, cleaning of threshed onion umbels by manual sieving than further cleaning by dipping in water, sun drying, and packaging is tedious and requires 6–8 days for completing all associated unit operations. Onion umbels are subjected to impact force leading to damage of the seeds, which affects the germination rate and lower vigor index. In this context, mechanization of the onion umbels threshing process is imperative to maintain the quality of the seed.
Behavioral finance and the architecture of the asset management industry
Authors: Verlaine Michel
Published: April 2022

The standard portfolio approach assumes that investors maximize expected utility, and that the Markowitz mean–variance standard portfolio optimization approach can be applied. Behavioral research, however, indicates that investors’ behavior with respect to risk or uncertainty is not consistent with expected utility. Notably, decision makers transform probabilities. Most of the academic literature integrating those aspects, however, focuses on so‐called financial market anomalies but does not focus on the structural impact those behavioral aspects might have, notably in terms of industrial organization of the asset management industry. This paper provides a survey of the asset management industry and argues that the architecture of the asset management industry is inconsistent with the standard expected utility framework. The origin of the industrial organization of the asset management industry stems from the convexity of the flow–performance relationship, which is due to prospect theory effects. The convexity of the flow–performance relationship explains the inflation of mutual funds and fund families, a phenomenon inconsistent with the Mutual Fund Separation Theorem.
The unexamined philosophy is not worth doing: An introduction to New Directions in Metaphilosophy
Authors: Shan Yafeng
Published: April 2022

Recently there has been an increasing interest in metaphilosphy. The aim of philosophy has been examined, and the development of philosophy has been scrutinised. With the development of new approaches and methods, new problems arise. This paper introduces a collection that revisits some of the metaphilosophical issues, including philosophical progress and the aim of philosophy. The collection sheds new light on some old approaches, such as naturalism and ordinary language philosophy. It also explores new philosophical methods (such as digital philosophy of science, conceptual engineering, and the practice‐based approach to logic) and their prospects.
Nectar dynamics and the coexistence of two plants that share a pollinator
Authors: McPeek Mark A. , McPeek Sarah J. , Bronstein Judith L.
Published: April 2022

Many different analyses have shown how antagonistic interactions (e.g. predation, disease, interference competition) can foster the coexistence of two species that compete for a single resource. In contrast, whether interactions with mutualist partners can similarly foster coexistence between resource competitors has been little considered. Here, we derive a mechanistic model of two plant species that compete for a single abiotic resource and that each produce nectar that supports a single shared pollinator species. In our model, plant coexistence requires three relationships: 1) one plant species must be better at utilizing the abiotic resource to produce more ovules; 2) this better resource competitor must also be more pollen‐limited in the absence of the pollinator; and 3) this species must produce much less nectar, such that pollinator abundance depends primarily on nectar produced by the less pollen‐limited species. Pollinators can also shape the competitive hierarchy among plant species without promoting coexistence, an influence determined by the amount of nectar produced by the entire plant assemblage that supports pollinator abundance. Our results show that patterns of pollen limitation and nectar production across competing plant species will be essential data to evaluating whether pollinators may foster the plants' coexistence.
Trypsin‐chymotrypsin as an adjuvant to diclofenac potassium on the postoperative sequelae following mandibular third molar impactions—A comparative study
Authors: Poddar Vishal Kumar , Kapoor Swati , Arora Srimathy S. , Kumari Kusum , Kour Taneet , Kour Ramanpreet
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of Chymotrypsin‐trypsin with Diclofenac versus Diclofenac alone on the postoperative sequelae of lower third molar disimpactions.

Methods

A total of 60 patients to undergo lower third molar surgery were divided randomly into 2 equal groups. Group 1 (30 patients) received Chymotrypsin‐trypsin with Diclofenac tablets and conventional treatment whilst Group 2 (30 patients) received Diclofenac Potassium 50 mg and conventional treatment. Pain, facial swelling, and Interincisal opening were measured for each patient on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days postoperatively.

Results

In GROUP 1, the mean reduction of VAS Score for postoperative pain was 4.33 to 0.76, whereas GROUP 2 reported a decrease in score from 3.06 to 0.93. During the time period of Day 1 to Day 7, GROUP 1 reported a mean reduction of swelling score to 0.26 on Day 7, whilst GROUP 2 reported a swelling score of 0.80 on Day 7. For the Interincisal Opening and Trismus, GROUP 1 had mean scores from 0.40 (Day 1) to 1.10 (Day 3) and 0.26 on Day 7, whilst GROUP 2 had mean scores from 0.63 (Day 1) to 1.20 (day 3) and 0.73 at Day 7. GROUP 1 reported no Adverse symptoms, whereas GROUP 2 showed symptoms on Day 1 and Day 3.

Conclusion

Trypsin‐Chymotrypsin in combination with Diclofenac is an effective and superior analgesic when compared to Diclofenac alone in the treatment of postoperative sequelae of lower third molar surgery with good anti‐inflammatory activity.
Lessons learned from a delayed diagnosis of atrioesophageal fistula: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Wilson Zachary T , Khan Ahad , Morris Michael F , Amabile Orazio , Bahu Marwan , Uppalapu Suresh
Published: April 2022

Atrioesophageal fistulas are a rare complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) that requires rapid identification and emergent surgical repair to prevent morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 32‐year‐old man with atrial fibrillation presenting with chest pain followed by rapidly progressive sepsis and embolic cerebrovascular accident 23 days after RFA. Subtle initially overlooked findings on multiple computed tomography caused a delay in diagnosis. Atrioesophageal fistulas remain diagnostically challenging. A high index of suspicion coupled with serial computed tomography of the chest with intravenous and oral contrast reviewed by a multimodal team is essential to make a timely diagnosis.
Establishment of male‐specific sequence‐tagged site markers in Asparagus officinalis: An efficient tool for sex identification
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Tian Ruizheng , Li Guanghui , Zhao Chuanzhi , Fan Shoujin , Sun Jie , Zhao Shuzhen , Wang Xingjun
Published: April 2022

Garden asparagus is a major dioecious plant that serves as a model for understanding sex determination and sex chromosome evolution. The shared cytogenetic homology of the sex chromosomes, with the exception of a mega base region missing from the X chromosome, has considerably hindered the identification of male and female plants. In this study, two male‐specific sequence‐tagged site (STS) markers Asp‐YS1 and Asp‐YS2, located on the Y chromosome, were discovered for early sex identification. The Asp‐YS1 and Asp‐YS2 markers were particularly effective in amplifying a fragment of 490‐bp and 296‐bp, respectively. Most of the male progenies of selected cultivars, and one homozygous male cultivar (‘Y14’), showed male‐specific amplification using these two markers. Of the 24 tested cultivars, the results of 21 cultivars demonstrated male‐specific amplification using the newly identified STS markers suggesting greater applicability and higher specificity over the previously existed Asp1‐T7sp marker, which is limited to some commercial cultivars. These findings presented the establishment of an efficient molecular method for sex identification in asparagus, enabling the rapid selection of male parental lines in future breeding programmes.
Characterization and Quantification of Tryptophan‐ and Tyrosine‐derived Hydroperoxides†
Authors: Jayme Stella Boutris , Prado Fernanda Manso , Massafera Mariana Pereira , Ronsein Graziella Eliza , Di Mascio Paolo
Published: April 2022

The reaction of singlet oxygen (1O2) with the amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine, either free or inserted in peptides or proteins, gives rise to hydroperoxides. To understand the impact of these hydroperoxides in complex biological systems, methods allowing their characterization and accurate quantification must be available. In this work, hydroperoxides derived from tryptophan and tyrosine and from peptides containing these amino acids were synthesized by photooxidation, and characterized by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, experiments were carried out to compare two colorimetric methods commonly used for quantification of peroxides, namely the iodometric and the ferric‐xylenol orange assays. For the tryptophan hydroperoxide, the quantifications obtained by colorimetric methods were then compared to that obtained by NMR. The results showed that for the ferric‐xylenol orange method, the stoichiometry between peroxide and Fe3+ ions varies considerably. On the other hand, for the iodometric assay, the stoichiometry peroxide:I3− ions is always 1:1. However, the kinetics of the reactions of peroxides with I− vary, and the assay must be performed in anaerobic conditions. Thus, the iodometric method is more appropriate for precise quantification of a given peroxide. The characterization and accurate quantification of biological peroxides is key to understand the mechanisms involved in redox processes.
Physiological correlates of support forself‐expansionand links to goal pursuit in retirement
Authors: Tomlinson Jennifer M. , Feeney Brooke C. , J. Peters Brett , Zhang Yiyue
Published: April 2022

Partner support for self‐expansion has been associated with long‐term health and retirement satisfaction, yet the underlying physiological correlates are unknown. We predicted that partner support for self‐expansion would be associated with short‐term physiology and behavior as well as long‐term goal pursuit. And 100 couples with at least one retiree within 2 years of retirement visited the laboratory and had a discussion of the retirees' future goals for retirement. We recorded behaviors and physiological responses during the discussion, assessed immediate feelings of capability afterwards, and then assessed goal pursuit one year later. Laboratory results indicated that partner support for self‐expansion was linked to increased stroke volume reactivity in the support‐recipient (suggesting a greater challenge response), which in turn predicted greater feelings of capability of accomplishing the goal, particularly for males. In addition, decreases in the support‐provider's pre‐ejection period reactivity (greater sympathetic arousal) during the discussion were associated with greater partner support for self‐expansion in the lab, suggesting that support providers offer greater levels of support when they exhibit greater physiological signs of task engagement. Longitudinal follow‐up results indicated that immediate feelings of capability of accomplishing the goal following a discussion about that goal predicted goal pursuit 1 year later. This research leverages a dyadic design and a multi‐method approach (involving physiology, observed behavior, and perceptions) to show that couple members' physiology during goal discussions has long‐term implications for a support‐recipient's ability to accomplish goals.
Coming to terms with public participation in decision making: Balancing clarity and impact in the Aarhus Convention
Authors: Zhao Yankun , Butcher Bill
Published: April 2022

Public participation in decision making plays an essential role in achieving sustainable development goals. The 1998 Aarhus Convention, a benchmark in this field, fosters this role and, in its Article 6, sets out procedures and standards for implementing public participation in decision making on specific activities. Given the widespread adoption and recognition of the Aarhus Convention, it is important to clarify these standards to guide the design of public participation regulation and its implementation and practice. To that end, this article identifies and analyses the major interpretative issues that arise from the terminology adopted in Article 6 and examines the balance between clarity in the terminology and the impact of the provision. The article also suggests a series of best practice principles for better implementing the Aarhus Convention and achieving effective public participation.
Occult Mönckeberg medial calcinosis of the facial and infraorbital arteries in an elderly edentulous patient
Authors: Brooks John K. , Shin Kyungmin , Price Jeffery B.
Published: April 2022

Mönckeberg medial calcinosis (MMC) is a potentially serious vasculopathy involving calcification of the arterial tunica media of the extremities, heart, and other viscera. There are a limited number of cases reported in the dental literature, usually associated with the facial artery. Although MMC is often discerned as an occult radiologic finding in middle‐aged adults, its presence may serve as a harbinger for end‐stage renal disease, diabetes, other pathologic processes, and possible regional hypoperfusion. The objective of this report is to feature an elderly patient with MMC of the facial and infraorbital arteries. In addition, a brief review of published cases of MMC and its differential diagnosis have been provided. It is recommended that affected patients be referred for a comprehensive medical assessment. Timely discovery of calcified arteries may improve patient outcomes.
DeepSSN: A deep convolutional neural network to assess spatial scene similarity
Authors: Guo Danhuai , Ge Shiyin , Zhang Shu , Gao Song , Tao Ran , Wang Yangang
Published: April 2022

Spatial‐query‐by‐sketch is an intuitive tool to explore human spatial knowledge about geographic environments and to support communication with scene database queries. However, traditional sketch‐based spatial search methods perform inadequately due to their inability to find hidden multiscale map features from mental sketches. In this research, we propose a deep convolutional neural network, namely the Deep Spatial Scene Network (DeepSSN), to better assess the spatial scene similarity. In DeepSSN, a triplet loss function is designed as a comprehensive distance metric to support the similarity assessment. A positive and negative example mining strategy is designed to ensure a consistently increasing distinction of triplets during the training process. Moreover, we develop a prototype spatial scene search system using the proposed DeepSSN, in which the users input spatial queries via sketch maps and the system can automatically augment the sketch training data. The proposed model is validated using multisource conflated map data including 131,300 labeled scene samples after data augmentation. The empirical results demonstrate that the DeepSSN outperforms baseline methods including k‐nearest neighbors, the multilayer perceptron, AlexNet, DenseNet, and ResNet using mean reciprocal rank and precision metrics. This research advances geographic information retrieval studies by introducing a novel deep learning method tailored to spatial scene queries.
Oceanography by ear
Authors: Barclay David R.
Published: April 2022

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.
Teaching acoustics during a pandemic: Lab in a Box for experiments at home
Authors: Dance S.
Published: April 2022

In March 2020 with the advent of COVID, emergency plans were put in place to deliver the Master's Course in Environmental and Architectural Acoustics entirely on-line. This was necessary as although the acoustics laboratory is large, it was deemed to be unsafe for face-to-face teaching due to a complete lack of ventilation in the anechoic and reverberation chambers. Hence, it was necessary to create an alternative for the 2020/21 delivery. In September 2020, it was decided that a “Lab in a Box” supported by on-line demonstrations and pre-recorded films would create the best alternative experience for the postgraduate students. The “Lab in a Box” allowed demonstrations to be replicated at home or in the garden using a Windows based calibrated measurement platform based on audio components. Examples of such laboratories included Fast and Slow Measurements, Noise Exposure, Noise Survey, Loudness, Reverberation Time, and Speech Intelligibility. The results showed that the students gained from more independence and increased flexibility in delivery, achieving very similar marks. This has opened up the possibility of increasing student numbers by reusing these alternative teaching strategies in the future.
Spatially mapping the immune landscape of melanoma using imaging mass cytometry
Authors: Moldoveanu Dan , Ramsay LeeAnn , Lajoie Mathieu , Anderson-Trocme Luke , Lingrand Marine , Berry Diana , Perus Lucas J.M. , Wei Yuhong , Moraes Cleber , Alkallas Rached , Rajkumar Shivshankari , Zuo Dongmei , Dankner Matthew , Xu Eric Hongbo , Bertos Nicholas R. , Najafabadi Hamed S. , Gravel Simon , Costantino Santiago , Richer Martin J. , Lund Amanda W. , Del Rincon Sonia V. , Spatz Alan , Miller Wilson H. , Jamal Rahima , Lapointe Réjean , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Turcotte Simon , Petrecca Kevin , Dumitra Sinziana , Meguerditchian Ari-Nareg , Richardson Keith , Tremblay Francine , Wang Beatrice , Chergui May , Guiot Marie-Christine , Watters Kevin , Stagg John , Quail Daniela F. , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Meterissian Sarkis , Watson Ian R.
Published: April 2022

Melanoma is an immunogenic cancer with a high response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). It harbors a high mutation burden compared with other cancers and, as a result, has abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within its microenvironment. However, understanding the complex interplay between the stroma, tumor cells, and distinct TIL subsets remains a substantial challenge in immune oncology. To properly study this interplay, quantifying spatial relationships of multiple cell types within the tumor microenvironment is crucial. To address this, we used cytometry time-of-flight (CyTOF) imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to simultaneously quantify the expression of 35 protein markers, characterizing the microenvironment of 5 benign nevi and 67 melanomas. We profiled more than 220,000 individual cells to identify melanoma, lymphocyte subsets, macrophage/monocyte, and stromal cell populations, allowing for in-depth spatial quantification of the melanoma microenvironment. We found that within pretreatment melanomas, the abundance of proliferating antigen-experienced cytotoxic T cells (CD8
+
CD45RO
+
Ki67
+
) and the proximity of antigen-experienced cytotoxic T cells to melanoma cells were associated with positive response to ICIs. Our study highlights the potential of multiplexed single-cell technology to quantify spatial cell-cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment to understand immune therapy responses.
Cyst of the canal of Nuck: an atypical course with cyclic changing of size
Authors: Bumann Helen , Corrà Stefano
Published: April 2022

As the canal of Nuck normally obliterates before birth, a patent canal is a rare anatomic variant in adult women analogue to the patent processus vaginalis in men. In a patent canal of Nuck, pathologies such as hernias and cyst can build within time. Such cysts themselves are so uncommon that they are mostly described in case reports. Normally, cysts of the canal of Nuck present as a consistent, inguinal swelling with or without pain. Interestingly, in our case, the painful swelling was cyclic changing from the size of a plum to being clinically undetectable within the course of a day. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of such an unusual course. The cyst was removed operatively via an open approach. The spasms declined shortly after the operation. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient was still asymptomatic.
Trimetazidine and exercise offer analogous improvements to the skeletal muscle insulin resistance of mice through Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Zhang Wenliang , Dun Yaoshan , You Baiyang , Qiu Ling , Ripley-Gonzalez Jeffrey W , Cheng Jing , Fu Siqian , Li Cui , Liu Suixin
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of patients with multiple metabolic diseases and diabetes. This study aimed to explore the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on skeletal muscle IR in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the possible underlying mechanism.

Research design and methods

In vivo, a HFD mouse IR model was adopted and TMZ and exercise were used to intervene. Postintervention the following were determined: blood levels of glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of IR index, expression of skeletal muscle insulin signaling-related proteins phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS1/IRS1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT/AKT), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and oxidative stress. In vitro, a palmitate-treated C2C12 myotube IR model was constructed. Cellular glucose uptake, p-IRS1/IRS1, and p-AKT/AKT were determined, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed based on treatments with specific small interfering RNA of Nrf2 with or without TMZ. Western blot was used to obtain the protein expression level and ROS production by functional analysis kits.

Results

In vivo, TMZ and exercise decreased the blood glucose and insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of IR index, increased skeletal muscle insulin signaling-related protein ratios of p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-AKT/AKT, and both interventions activated Nrf2 signaling and reduced oxidative stress production in HFD mice. In vitro, TMZ reduced the oxidative stress reaction, increased the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-IRS1/IRS1, and attenuated the insulin stimulation of PA-induced glucose uptake. However, in the absence of Nrf2, TMZ failed to resist the effects of IR.

Conclusions

This study showed that TMZ, like exercise, brought about marked improvements to HFD-induced skeletal muscle IR through TMZ, a common pathway with exercise in the form of Nrf2, regulating oxidative stress. We provide new evidence to support the use of TMZ for diabetes treatment.
Chronic pain and infection: mechanisms, causes, conditions, treatments, and controversies
Authors: Cohen Steven P , Wang Eric J , Doshi Tina L , Vase Lene , Cawcutt Kelly A , Tontisirin Nuj
Published: April 2022

Throughout human history, infection has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with pain being one of the cardinal warning signs. However, in a substantial percentage of cases, pain can persist after resolution of acute illness, manifesting as neuropathic, nociplastic (eg, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome), or nociceptive pain. Mechanisms by which acute infectious pain becomes chronic are variable and can include immunological phenomena (eg, bystander activation, molecular mimicry), direct microbe invasion, central sensitization from physical or psychological triggers, and complications from treatment. Microbes resulting in a high incidence of chronic pain include bacteria such as theBorreliaspecies andMycobacterium leprae, as well as viruses such as HIV, SARS-CoV-2 and herpeses. Emerging evidence also supports an infectious cause in a subset of patients with discogenic low back pain and inflammatory bowel disease. Although antimicrobial treatment might have a role in treating chronic pain states that involve active infectious inflammatory processes, their use in chronic pain conditions resulting from autoimmune mechanisms, central sensitization and irrevocable tissue (eg, arthropathy, vasculitis) or nerve injury, are likely to cause more harm than benefit. This review focuses on the relation between infection and chronic pain, with an emphasis on common viral and bacterial causes.