bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic forecasting of wind power production losses in cold climates: A case study
Authors: Söderman Jennie P. , Körnich Heiner , Olsson Esbjörn , Bergström Hans , Sjöblom Anna
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The problem of icing on wind turbines in cold climates is addressed using probabilistic forecasting to improve next- day forecasts of icing and related production losses. A case study of probabilistic forecasts was generated for a two- week period. Uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions are represented with an ensemble forecasting system, while uncertainties in the spatial representation are included with a neighbourhood method. Using probabilistic forecasting instead of one single forecast was shown to improve the forecast skill of the ice-related production loss forecasts and hence the icing forecasts. The spread of the multiple forecasts can be used as an estimate of the forecast uncertainty and of the likelihood for icing and severe production losses. Best results, both in terms of forecast skill and forecasted uncertainty, were achieved using both the ensemble forecast and the neighbourhood method combined. This demonstrates that the application of probabilistic forecasting for wind power in cold climate can be valuable when planning next-day energy production, in the usage of de-icing systems, and for site safety.
Micropolítica de las pulsiones
Authors: Widder Nathan
Published: September 2017

Este artículo pretende elaborar un concepto de las pulsiones capaz de apuntalar adecuadamente una ontología y una micropolítica del yo [self]. A través de aproximaciones a Nietzsche, Lacan, Foucault y Deleuze en particular, defiende la idea de que las pulsiones dan cuenta del sentido, más que de la verdad, del yo y del mundo con que se encuentra. La tesis de las pulsiones abre un dominio de diferencia que es impersonal y no-subjetivo, y, en cuanto tal, ha recibido críticas que la acusan de eliminar tanto el sujeto cuanto el espacio de lo político. Contra esta perspectiva, el presente artículo sostiene que este dominio es la sede de una micropolítica que sirve como garante de la posibilidad de una transformación política mediante su impacto en el dominio de la subjetividad política.
Lectura filosófica de Homero.
Authors: Martínez Francisco José
Published: September 2017

Míguez Barciela, A.: La visión de la Odisea, La Oficina, Madrid, 2014, 272 pp.; Mortal y Fúnebre. Leer la Ilíada, Dioptrías, Madrid, 2016, 206 pp.
Fontes legais nos livros didáticos de História
Authors: Silva Anne Cacielle Ferreira da
Published: September 2017

Apresenta resultados da pesquisa realizada durante o Mestrado em Educação na UFPR, linha de Pesquisa Cultura, Escola e Ensino. A investigação analisou a presença das fontes legais nos livros didáticos de História destinados ao 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD-2011). Observou-se a presença de diversos tipos de documentos históricos, entre eles os documentos legais. Em poucas situações os documentos encontrados foram tratados como fontes e, assim, exploradas de forma a estimular o aluno à contextualização, à problematização e a interpretação. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram avanços em relação à inclusão de diferentes tipos de documento nos livros didáticos, mas evidenciaram também que permanecem presentes as dificuldades em tratar os documentos como fontes, e que, portanto, há ainda a necessidade de aperfeiçoar os livros em relação a esses aspectos. Palavras-chave: Ensino de História. PNLD. Manuais didáticos. Fontes históricas. Fontes legais.
No país dos ventos alísios: leituras sobre Henry Thomas Buckle no Brasil republicano (1880-1900)
Authors: Romero Allejandro Gomes
Published: September 2017

A partir da leitura de História da Civilização na Inglaterra (1857) do historiador inglês Henry Thomas Buckle e da presença que as ideias desta obra tiveram nos escritos de intelectuais no Brasil, este trabalho estuda e propõe reflexões sobre como alguns brasileiros desenvolveram sua visão da história considerando as ideias buckleanas sobre filosofia da história e civilização no Brasil. Para tal, são abordados três textos do período entre 1880 e 1900, de Sílvio Romero, Fausto Cardoso e Pedro Lessa. Além disso, o artigo também explora alguns apontamentos sobre a filosofia da história buckleana a cerca da região dos trópicos, e do Brasil em especial.
O uso de registros paroquiais como possibilidade de combinação de estudos quantitativos com estudos de trajetórias individuais: um exercício aplicado às práticas de nominação
Authors: Camilo Nathan
Published: September 2017

Em consonância com o recente debate a respeito do uso de abordagens quantitativas em combinação com o estudo de trajetórias individuais, este artigo visa a refletir a respeito do uso de registros paroquiais como fonte para investigações que utilizem tal combinação de abordagens. A reflexão é aplicada às práticas de nominação adotadas pela população da freguesia Nossa Senhora Madre de Deus de Porto Alegre entre os anos de 1772 e 1835. A partir da análise quantitativa dos assentos paroquiais e da reconstituição de uma trajetória, é possível compreender de forma mais clara como o nome era utilizado pela sociedade da época. A forma como se davam os processos de atribuição, incorporação, variação e transmissão de prenomes, segundos nomes e sobrenomes indiciam um panorama onde o nome era considerado um patrimônio imaterial a ser administrado conforme as estratégias possíveis em uma sociedade estratificada.
Um panorama sobre a historiografia islâmica na Idade Média: um diálogo necessário
Authors: Senko Elaine Cristina
Published: September 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo temos a intenção de demonstrar um panorama sobre a historiografia islâmica na Idade Média. Destarte, a escrita da História no Islã possui duas divisões primordiais, a época formativa e a época clássica. Acreditamos ser inovadora essa nossa explanação, pois a escrita da História no medievo latino também foi feita por meio dos diálogos e interações com as outras religiões, como em nosso caso a islâmica. Dessa forma nosso trabalho busca esclarecer mais uma vertente de inteligibilidade do sentido de História na Idade Média.
Ouvir com os olhos: como promover a inclusão de alunos surdos em sala de aula
Authors: Guimarães Natally Nobre
Published: September 2017

Ouvir com os olhos é um título que reflete a realidade dos portadores de deficiência auditiva. Estes suprem a ausência do sentido de audição com o uso dos demais sentidos. O que é falado, na prática pedagógica pode muito bem ser também explicado de forma visual ou tátil. Ler lábios ou se comunicar por LIBRAS ainda é um privilégio de poucos portadores dessa deficiência. O Intérprete de LIBRAS também é uma figura não tão comum quanto necessária nas escolas. A legislação sobre o direito dos portadores de necessidades especiais ao ensino regular e o convívio em sociedade são claras. Há casos em que as escolas e seus profissionais ainda não estão preparados para recebê-los mesmo sendo lei, e há casos em que essa inclusão já funciona de forma plena. São necessárias novas metodologias e práticas didáticas para realizar de fato a inclusão, e não é de surpreender que tais metodologias estejam aumentando também o rendimento dos demais. Ao comparar as experiências de duas escolas com alunos surdos em suas salas de aula, propõe-se soluções didáticas para realizar atividades e auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desses alunos.
Helix, o streaming de memórias de Assassin's Creed Unity
Authors: Kremer Karen K.
Published: September 2017

Ao entender a memória como um constructo social, é imprescindível pensar seu papel e lugar na sociedade tecnológica contemporânea. À primeira vista, pode parecer anacrônico a existência de uma conexão entre história e tecnologia, mero engano. A história pode ser usada como instrumento de poder e dominação ao criar um imaginário coletivo coerente com os valores e ideais da classe dominante, ou ainda, ser usada para roubar a memória de indivíduos e usá-las contra eles. Este é o cerne do Helix, serviço de streaming de memórias integrante do game Assassin’s Creed Unity (Ubisoft, 2014), que explora os meandros da resistência à cultura dominante e, exibe a potencialidade da história em se tornar uma forma de estratégia a favor de determinadas ideologias, correspondendo a teoria certeauniana de poder.
Uma nova abordagem à educação
Authors: Rocha Pablo Kyoshi
Published: September 2017

A resenha crítica trata de uma aproximação do texto produzido pela Hannah Arendt “Crise na Educação” em cima do livro “O ensino de História e seu currículo”, de Geraldo B. Horn e Geyso D. Germinari. Procuro abordar pontos chaves entre as duas produções, destacando pontos principais da obra de Horn e Germinari e aplicando Hannah Arendt em meio a discussão.
CLIENTELISMO: CONCEITUALIZAÇÃO E FORMAS DE UTILIZAÇÃO DO TERMO EM REPORTAGENS DO JORNAL FOLHA DE S. PAULO
Authors: Freitas Sabrina Cesar
Published: September 2017

O fenômeno clientelista, em seu significado abrangente, tem sido pauta frequente na agenda de pesquisa das Ciências Sociais no Brasil, tendo em vista que os estudos acerca da temática são encontrados desde a década de 50 e mantem-se recorrentes. A relevância do tema se dá também na literatura jornalística, sendo tema de debate em diversas publicações. A fim de notar a configuração do termo clientelismo na literatura jornalística foram selecionadas reportagens na plataforma on-line do jornal Folha de S. Paulo. A partir desta seleção, almejou-se neste trabalho realizar um estudo comparativo em relação ao que é entendido como clientelismo na literatura jornalística e em textos científicos, representados aqui pelas conceitualizações de José Murilo de Carvalho e Paulo d’Avila. Após estas comparações foi possível perceber que, em geral, a literatura jornalística mostra pouca preocupação em definir o que entende como o fenômeno clientelista, mas o relaciona frequentemente com comportamentos pejorativos.
SOCIOLOGIA DO AUTOR: biografia e trajetória de Darcy Ribeiro
Authors: Vanali Ana Crhistina
Published: September 2017

O artigo elabora uma revisão biobibliográfica sobre a trajetória intelectual de Darcy Ribeiro e sua contribuição para o pensamento social brasileiro a partir da análise da obra As Confissões publicada em 1997.
A última voz humana viva: uma leitura de Svetlana Aleksiévitch em um tempo de catástrofes
Authors: Da Silveira Pedro Telles
Published: September 2017

Propõe-se aqui uma análise do livro Vozes de Tchernóbil, de Svetlana Aleksiévitch, contra o pano de fundo da bibliografia recente sobre temporalidade histórica e a respeito da atual mudança climática. Procura-se abordar o acidente nuclear da usina soviética como exemplo do que a autora afirma ser uma “história de catástrofes”. Pensada com relação à ação humana, essa história de catástrofes se situa sobre a dissolução das fronteiras entre natureza e cultura e no interior de uma profunda alteração na escala do agir humano, que agora alcança escala planetária. Por isso, utiliza-se o desastre nuclear de Tchernóbil como forma de refletir a respeito do papel da história no chamado Antropoceno, período geológico caracterizado pela capacidade da agência humana de interferir nos ciclos naturais. Por fim, reflete-se acerca do tema do “fim do mundo” a partir da simultaneidade entre o desastre de Tchernóbil e o colapso da União Soviética.
Study on the Quality of Quasi-Isotropic Composite Laminates Containing a Circular Hole
Authors: Santhanakrishnan Balakrishnan Venkateswaran , Seidlitz Holger , Ambrosio Marcello , Schumann Tilo
Published: September 2017

Composite structures used in modern engineering applications are often subjected to circular holes in order to join with metal components via riveting, bolting or pinning joints. These design based holes will interrupt the force flux in the direction of the fibers and create high stress concentrations near the notched area. Objective of the project is to understand the quality of the quasi-isotropic composite laminates ([45°, -45°, 0°, 90°]S) containing circular hole. To achieve this objective, a 3-phase portal milling machine and a 5kW continuous wave (cw) CO2 laser system were used to produce the circular holes in the composite laminates. The processing parameters for both the processes are varied to understand its influence. The quality of the circular hole produced by these methods are further investigated and compared in order to arrive at the optimum processing parameters for the given quasi-isotropic composite laminates.The hole qualities were evaluated by means of delamination factor caused by milling; cone angle, matrix evaporation for cw-CO2 laser system. For further comparisons, the optimal parameter combinations of both methods were selected for a tensile test according to the standard ASTM D5766-2002.
Proverbs: As the Manifestation of the Folksy Literature and Their Harmony with the Characters of Jamalzade’s Stories
Authors: Mallaki Zohre , Rostami Raziye , Noofeli Fatemeh
Published: September 2017

This study is going to analyze the relationship and harmony between the proverbs used in Jamalzade’s stories with the social situations of the characters. Jamalzade enjoyed this literature in order to get close to people’s daily language and make his works more impressive. The research’s data showed that Jamalzade could create a modern way of writing in Persian prose by using ordinary people’s language and culture and combining it with Persian. He not only uses proverbs—as one of the most important factors of folksy literature in the formation of his stories, but also puts his best to use them properly according to the characters’ social status; it has made his stories look more realistic. In fact, the relationship and appropriateness of the proverb and characters is such important for him that if he wants to use a proverb in several different situations, he make change in it.
Cyanobacteria Characteristics and Methods for Isolation and Accurate Identification of Cyanotoxins: A Review Article
Authors: Yusof Tengku Nadiah , Rafatullah Mohd , Mohamad Rohaslinda , Ismail Norli , Zainuddin Zarina , Lalung Japareng
Published: September 2017

Cyanobacteria are bacteria found in different ecosystems, such as lakes and rocks. These bacteria, capable of photosynthesis, are important sources of oxygen. However, some cyanobacterial strains can produce toxins, which are harmful to humans and animals. Therefore, collection of epidemiological and surveillance data on cyanobacterial toxins in the environment is vital to ensure a low risk of exposure to toxins in other organisms. For presentation of accurate data on environmental cyanobacterial toxins, it is essential to understand their characteristics, including taxonomy, toxin proteins, and genomic structures, and determine their environmental effects on bacterial populations and toxin production. Taxonomy, which is the scientific classification of organisms, is important in identifying species producing toxins. The structure of toxin proteins and their stability in the environment allow researchers to detect toxins with analytical methods and discuss their limitations. Onthe other hand, identifying toxins via molecular typing enables researchers to investigate toxic cyanobacteria by detecting toxin-encoding genes and toxin gene expression. Meanwhile, environmental factors, such as nutrient level, light intensity, and biotic factors, allow researchers to predict the suitable time and location for accurate sampling. In this review, these cyanobacterial features, which are important for accurate detection of cyanobacterial toxins, will be discussed.
"O que não tem remédio nem nunca terá"
Authors: Martins Isabella Costa , Silveria Lia Carneiro , Carrilho Camila de Araújo , Vieira Alcivan Nunes
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: analizar, a partir de la singularidad femenina, el abuso de benzodiazepinas y el rol del enfermero en el sufrimiento psíquico de las usuarias. Método: estudio de caso en base a una investigación con psicoanálisis. Los datos fueron producidos por medio de entrevistas, seguidas de la construcción del ensayo metapsicológico. Resultados: el uso abusivo de benzodiazepinas surge como un fenómeno natural en el ámbito de los servicios de salud, siendo considerado necesario para la mujer contemporánea. El sufrimiento psíquico está vinculado con conflictos personales y familiares, pero se enfoca sobre todo en el uso del medicamento, desconsiderando la singularidad femenina y las condiciones en que se produce. El fármaco no sólo actúa químicamente, sino que también tiene efectos simbólicos e imaginarios. El enfermero que maneja y controla las recetas médicas puede aprovechar la oportunidad para escuchar a la usuaria sobre el lugar que dicho medicamento ocupa en su vida. Conclusión: el tratamiento farmacológico no puede ser enfocado sólo en su dimensión química, porque también tiene una dimensión simbólica. Estos aspectos pueden ser contemplados en la clínica de enfermería, donde el encuentro entre el enfermero y el paciente se convierte en el momento propicio para la escucha individual. Para que la mujer consiga elaborar lo que le sucede, el enfermero debe ponerse en el lugar de quien acompaña al otro en su propia construcción simbólica, dejando de lado el lugar del que tiene el conocimiento.
Acesso de idosos às unidades de atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag , Lima Beatriz da Silva , Silva Jacqueline Mota da , Cavalcante Luiza Marques , Martins Mariana Cavalcante , Araújo Thelma Leite de
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: evaluar la accesibilidad para adultos mayores a los centros de atención primaria en áreas urbanas y rurales. Método: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de 157 centros de atención primaria del estado de Ceará. Se utilizó un instrumento con los estándares de accesibilidad de la Norma Brasileña 9050/2004 para vías públicas y acceso a edificios. Resultados: la evaluación de las vías públicas mostró distribución irregular con porcentajes más altos en las zonas urbanas para los pasos de peatones, ancho de las aceras, señales de tráfico (p<0,0001) y cordones rebajados (p= 0,0001)- la población rural presentó 15% de unidades accesibles. El acceso a los edificios era deficiente en ambas zonas. Conclusiones: las condiciones de accesibilidad en las vías públicas de los centros de salud rurales y urbanos eran insatisfactorias y la accesibilidad a los edificios nula, lo cual pone en peligro la atención a los adultos mayores por la dificultad o la falta de acceso a dichos centros de salud.
Editorial: How Do You Know Whence They Will Come?
Authors: Marmion Dan
Published: September 2017

Editorial: How Do You Know Whence They Will Come?
Harvesting Information from a Library Data Warehouse
Authors: Su Siew-Phek T. , Needamangala Ashwin
Published: September 2017

Data warehousing technology has been defined by John Ladley as "a set of methods, techniques, and tools that are leveraged together and used to produce a vehicle that delivers data to end users on an integrated platform." (1) This concept h s been applied increasingly by industries worldwide to develop data warehouses for decision support and knowledge discovery. In the academic sector, several universities have developed data warehouses containing the universities' financial, payroll, personnel, budget, and student data. (2) These data warehouses across all industries and academia have met with varying degrees of success. Data warehousing technology and its related issues have been widely discussed and published. (3) Little has been done, however, on the application of this cutting edge technology in the library environment using library data.
Engelond: A Model for Faculty-Librarian Collaboration in the Information Age
Authors: Walter Scottt
Published: September 2017

The question of how best to incorporate information literacy instruction into the academic curriculum has long been a leading concern of academic librarians. In recent years, this issue has grown beyond the boundaries of professional ibrarianship and has become a general concern regularly addresssed by classroom faculty, educational administrators, and even regional accrediting organizations and state legislatures. This essay reports on the success of a pilot program in course-integrationi nformation literacy instruction in the field of medieval studies. The author's experience with the "Engelond" project provides a model for the ways in which information literacy instruction can be effectively integrated into the academic curriculum, and for the ways in which a successful pilot program can both lead the way for further development of the general instructional program in an academic library, and serve as a springboard for future collaborative projects between classroom faculty and academic librarians.
The Internet, the World Wide Web, Library Web Browsers, and Library Web Servers
Authors: Zhou Jian-Zhong (Joe)
Published: September 2017

This article first examines the difference between two very familiar and sometimes synonymous terms, the Internet and the Web. The article then explains the relationship between the Web's protocol HTTP and other high-level Internet protocols, such as Telnet and FTP, as well as provides a brief history of Web development. Next, the article analyzes the mechanism in which a Web browser (client) "talks" to a Web server on the Internet. Finally, the article studies the market growth for Web browsers and Web servers between 1993 and 1999. Two statistical sources were used in the Web market analysis: a survey conducted by the University of Delaware Libraries for the 122 members of the Association of Research Libraries, and the data for the entire Web industry from different Web survey agencies.
China Academic Library and Information System: An Academic Library Consortium in China
Authors: Dai Longji , Chen Ling , Zhang Hongyang
Published: September 2017

Since its inception in 1998, China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) has become the most important academic library consortium in China. CALIS is centrally funded and organized in a tiered structure. It currently consists of thirteen management or information centers and seventy member libraries' 700,000 students. After more than a year of development in information infrastructure, a CALIS resource-sharing network is gradually taking shape.
The Impact of Web Search Engines on Subject Searching in OPAC
Authors: Yu Holly , Young Margo
Published: September 2017

This paper analyzes the results of transaction logs at California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA) and studies the effects of implementing a Web-based OPAC along with interface changes. The authors find that user success in subject searching remains problematic. A major increase in the frequency of searches that would have been more successful in resources other than the library catalog is noted over the time period 2000-2002. The authors attribute this increase to the prevalence of Web search engines and suggest that metasearching, relevance-ranked results, and relevance feedback ( "more like this") are now expected in user searching and should be integrated into online catalogs as search options.
Using GIS to Measure In-Library Book-Use Behavior
Authors: Xia Jingfeng
Published: September 2017

This article is an attempt to develop Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techology into an analytical tool for examining the relationships between the height of the bookshelves and the behavior of library readers in utilizing books within a library. The tool would contain a database to store book-use information and some GIS maps to represent bookshelves. Upon analyzing the data stored in the database, different frequencies of book use across bookshelf layers are displayed on the maps. The tool would provide a wonderful means of visualization through which analysts can quickly realize the spatial distribution of books used in a library. This article reveals that readers tend to pull books out of the bookshelf layers that are easily reachable by human eyes and hands, and thus opens some issues for librarians to reconsider the management of library collections.
Using Server-Side Include Commands for Subject Web-Page Management: An Alternative to Database-Driven Technologies for the Smaller Academic Library
Authors: Northrup Lori , Cherry Ed , Darby Della
Published: September 2017

Frustrated by the time-consuming process of updating subject Web pages, librarians at Samford University Library (SUL) developed a process for streamlining updates using Server-Side Include (SST) commands. They created text files on the library server that corresponded to each of 143 online resources. Include commands within the HTML document for each subject page refer to these text files, which are pulled into the page as it loads on the user's browser. For the user, the process is seamless. For librarians, time spent in updating Web pages is greatly reduced; changes to text files on the server result in simultaneous changes to the edited resources across the library's Web site. For small libraries with limited online resources, this process may provide an elegant solution to an ongoing problem.
Book Review: Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity
Authors: Coyle Karen
Published: September 2017

Book Review: Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity
Bibliographic Classification in the Digital Age: Current Trends & Future Directions
Authors: Ullah Asim , Khusro Shah , Ullah Irfan
Published: September 2017

Bibliographic classification is among the core activities of Library & Information Science that brings order and proper management to the holdings of a library. Compared to printed media, digital collections present numerous challenges regarding their preservation, curation, organization and their resource discovery and access. In this regard true native perspective is needed to be adopted for bibliographic classification in digital environments. In this research article, we have investigated and reported different approaches to bibliographic classification of digital collections. The article also contributes two evaluation frameworks that evaluate different classification schemes and elaborate different approaches that exist in theory, in manual practice and automatically in digital environments. The article presents a bird-eye-view for researchers in reaching a generalized and holistic approach towards bibliographic classification research, where new research avenues have been identified.
Er apostrofen et økologisk instrument?
Authors: Lind Hans
Published: September 2017

Hans Lind: “The apostrophe – an ecological instrument?”This article investigates the relationship between the lyrical apostrophe and ecological thinking. Drawing on literary theories and ecological thinkers such as Jane Bennett and Timothy Morton, the article concludes that the apostrophe is related to the concept of ecological sensibility and is useful for communicating complex ecological ideas such as coexistence. These conclusions are based on an analysis of several poems containing apostrophes and a discussion of the role of poetry in soci ety and its ability to facilitate ecological thinking and awareness.
Revisiting the mitogenomic phylogeny of Salmoninae: new insights thanks to recent sequencing advances
Authors: Horreo Jose L.
Published: September 2017

The phylogeny of the Salmonidae family, the only living one of the Order Salmoniformes, remains still unclear because of several reasons. Such reasons include insufficient taxon sampling and/or DNA information. The use of complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomics) could provide some light on it, but despite the high number of mitogenomes of species belonging to this family published during last years, an integrative work containing all this information has not been done. In this work, the phylogeny of 46 Salmonidae species was inferred from their mitogenomic sequences. Results include a Bayesian molecular-dated phylogenetic tree with very high statistical support showing Coregoninae and Salmoninae as sister subfamilies, as well as several new phylogenetic relationships among species and genus of the family. All these findings contribute to improve our understanding of the Salmonidae systematics and could have consequences on related evolutionary studies, as well as highlight the importance of revisiting phylogenies with integrative studies.
ENSO‐Driven Variability of Denitrification and Suboxia in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yang Simon , Gruber Nicolas , Long Matthew C. , Vogt Meike
Published: September 2017

The Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) hosts two of the world's three Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs), large bodies of suboxic water that are subject to high rates of water column denitrification (WCD). In the mean, these two ODZs are responsible for about 15 to 40% of all fixed N loss in the ocean, but little is known about how this loss varies in time. Here we use a hindcast simulation with the ocean component of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model over the period 1948 to 2009 to show that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives large variations in the rates of WCD in this region. During mature La Niña (El Niño) conditions, peak denitrification rates are up to 70% higher (lower) than the mean rates. This large variability is the result of wind‐driven changes in circulation and isopycnal structure concurrently modifying the thermocline distribution of O2 and organic matter export in such a way that the response of WCD is strongly amplified. During average La Niña (El Niño) conditions, the overall changes in ODZ structure and primarily the shoaling (deepening) of the upper boundary of both ODZs by 40 to 100 m explains 50% of the changes in WCD in the North Pacific and 94% in the South Pacific. Such a large variability of WCD in the ETP has strong implications for the assessments of trends, the balance of the marine N cycle and the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O.
Empirical Modeling of Planetary Boundary Layer Dynamics Under Multiple Precipitation Scenarios Using a Two‐Layer Soil Moisture Approach: An Example From a Semiarid Shrubland
Authors: Sanchez‐Mejia Zulia Mayari , Papuga Shirley A.
Published: September 2017

In semiarid regions, where water resources are limited and precipitation dynamics are changing, understanding land surface‐atmosphere interactions that regulate the coupled soil moisture‐precipitation system is key for resource management and planning. We present a modeling approach to study soil moisture and albedo controls on planetary boundary layer height (PBLh). We used Santa Rita Creosote Ameriflux and Tucson Airport atmospheric sounding data to generate empirical relationships between soil moisture, albedo, and PBLh. Empirical relationships showed that ∼50% of the variation in PBLh can be explained by soil moisture and albedo with additional knowledge gained by dividing the soil profile into two layers. Therefore, we coupled these empirical relationships with soil moisture estimated using a two‐layer bucket approach to model PBLh under six precipitation scenarios. Overall we observed that decreases in precipitation tend to limit the recovery of the PBL at the end of the wet season. However, increases in winter precipitation despite decreases in summer precipitation may provide opportunities for positive feedbacks that may further generate more winter precipitation. Our results highlight that the response of soil moisture, albedo, and the PBLh will depend not only on changes in annual precipitation, but also on the frequency and intensity of this change. We argue that because albedo and soil moisture data are readily available at multiple temporal and spatial scales, developing empirical relationships that can be used in land surface‐atmosphere applications have great potential for exploring the consequences of climate change.
The Missing Silica Sink: Revisiting the Marine Sedimentary Si Cycle Using Cosmogenic 32Si
Authors: Rahman S. , Aller R. C. , Cochran J. K.
Published: September 2017

Burial of biogenic silica (bSitotal) in high sedimentation rate continental margins remains highly uncertain. Cosmogenic 32Si (t1/2~140 years) can be used to trace the fates of bSitotal postdeposition, including as opal (bSiopal) and diagenetically altered opal (bSialtered), the latter dominantly authigenic clay (bSiclay). To determine the magnitude and form of bSitotal storage in coastal sediments, conventional operational leaches targeting bSiopal and bSialtered (including bSiclay) were modified for large‐scale samples necessary for measurement of 32Si. The 32Si activity was used to estimate total biogenic silica burial (bSitotal = bSiopal + bSialtered) in several depositional settings: Gulf of Papua, Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound, and in the previously studied Amazon‐Guianas deltaic system. In subtropical and temperate regions, 32Si was detected in both traditional biogenic silica leaches (bSiopal) and residual authigenic clays. Traditional bSiopal and modified operational leaches designed to target the most reactive authigenic silicates (~bSialtered) consistently underestimate authigenic clay formation (bSiclay) and thus the magnitude of bSitotal burial in temperate coastal zones and subtropical deltas by 2–4‐fold. In tropical deltas, 32Si activities in the residual fraction after removal of bSiopal demonstrate rapid and almost complete alteration of initial bSiopal to new forms, most likely bSiclay. Globally, 4.5–4.9 Tmol/yr Si may be trapped in marine nearshore deposits as rapidly formed clay (bSiclay), 100% of the “missing silica sink” in the marine silica budget.
Multidecadal Scale Detection Time for Potentially Increasing Atlantic Storm Surges in a Warming Climate
Authors: Lee Benjamin Seiyon , Haran Murali , Keller Klaus
Published: September 2017

Storm surges are key drivers of coastal flooding, which generate considerable risks. Strategies to manage these risks can hinge on the ability to (i) project the return periods of extreme storm surges and (ii) detect potential changes in their statistical properties. There are several lines of evidence linking rising global average temperatures and increasingly frequent extreme storm surges. This conclusion is, however, subject to considerable structural uncertainty. This leads to two main questions: What are projections under various plausible statistical models? How long would it take to distinguish among these plausible statistical models? We address these questions by analyzing observed and simulated storm surge data. We find that (1) there is a positive correlation between global mean temperature rise and increasing frequencies of extreme storm surges; (2) there is considerable uncertainty underlying the strength of this relationship; and (3) if the frequency of storm surges is increasing, this increase can be detected within a multidecadal timescale (≈20 years from now).
Are Simulated and Observed Twentieth Century Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Trends Significant Relative to Internal Variability?
Authors: Coats S. , Karnauskas K. B.
Published: September 2017

Historical trends in the tropical Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient (SST gradient) are analyzed herein using 41 climate models (83 simulations) and 5 observational data sets. A linear inverse model is trained on each simulation and observational data set to assess if trends in the SST gradient are significant relative to the stationary statistics of internal variability, as would suggest an important role for external forcings such as anthropogenic greenhouse gasses. None of the 83 simulations have a positive trend in the SST gradient, a strengthening of the climatological SST gradient with more warming in the western than eastern tropical Pacific, as large as the mean trend across the five observational data sets. If the observed trends are anthropogenically forced, this discrepancy suggests that state‐of‐the‐art climate models are not capturing the observed response of the tropical Pacific to anthropogenic forcing, with serious implications for confidence in future climate projections. There are caveats to this interpretation, however, as some climate models have a significant strengthening of the SST gradient between 1900 and 2013 Common Era, though smaller in magnitude than the observational data sets, and the strengthening in three out of five observational data sets is insignificant. When combined with observational uncertainties and the possibility of centennial time scale internal variability not sampled by the linear inverse model, this suggests that confident validation of anthropogenic SST gradient trends in climate models will require further emergence of anthropogenic trends. Regardless, the differences in SST gradient trends between climate models and observational data sets are concerning and motivate the need for process‐level validation of the atmosphere‐ocean dynamics relevant to climate change in the tropical Pacific.
Global Distribution of Nighttime Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Seen by Swarm Satellites
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Paxton Larry J.
Published: September 2017

The activity of nighttime medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) in middle latitudes (±25°–40° magnetic latitudes) is investigated using the measurements of the electron density by Swarm satellites. Fractional electron density fluctuation is used as a proxy for MSTIDs, and the MSTID distribution is derived from the observations in December 2013–January 2017. The MSTID activity shows a semiannual variation in most longitudes with the primary and secondary peaks during the June and December solstices, respectively. The distinguishing feature in the MSTID distribution is the high occurrence rate of MSTIDs around 150°E longitude in June–August. The longitudinal and annual distribution of MSTIDs shows a hemispheric symmetry, which we interpret as the demonstration of conjugacy in MSTIDs.
BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation
Authors: Morlighem M. , Williams C. N. , Rignot E. , An L. , Arndt J. E. , Bamber J. L. , Catania G. , Chauché N. , Dowdeswell J. A. , Dorschel B. , Fenty I. , Hogan K. , Howat I. , Hubbard A. , Jakobsson M. , Jordan T. M. , Kjeldsen K. K. , Millan R. , Mayer L. , Mouginot J. , Noël B. P. Y. , O'Cofaigh C. , Palmer S. , Rysgaard S. , Seroussi H. , Siegert M. J. , Slabon P. , Straneo F. , van den Broeke M. R. , Weinrebe W. , Wood M. , Zinglersen K. B.
Published: September 2017

Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine‐terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine‐terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine‐based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
Spatial Distribution and Properties of 0.1–100 keV Electrons in Jupiter's Polar Auroral Region
Authors: Ebert R. W. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Clark G. , Gladstone G. R. , Hue V. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. H. , McComas D. J. , Paranicas C. , Reno M. , Saur J. , Szalay J. R. , Thomsen M. F. , Valek P. , Weidner S. , Wilson R. J.
Published: September 2017

We present observations of 0.1–100 keV electrons from Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment Electron instrument over Jupiter's polar auroral region for periods around four Juno perijoves (PJ1, PJ3, PJ4, and PJ5). The observations reveal regions containing magnetic field aligned beams of bidirectional electrons having broad energy distributions interspersed between beams of upward electrons with narrow, peaked energy distributions, regions void of these electrons, and regions dominated by penetrating radiation. The electrons show evidence of acceleration via parallel electric fields (inverted‐V structures) and via stochastic processes (bidirectional distributions). The inverted‐V structures shown here were observed from ~1.4 to 2.9 RJ and had spatial scales of hundreds to thousands of kilometers along Juno's trajectory. The upward electron energy flux was typically greater than the downward flux, the latter ranging between ~0.01 and 5 mW m−2 for two cases shown here which we estimate could produce ~0.1–50 kR of ultraviolet emission.
Quantifying the Zonal‐Mean Structure of Tropical Precipitation
Authors: Popp M. , Lutsko N. J.
Published: September 2017

The tropical zonal‐mean precipitation in climate models is well known to have substantial biases such as an erroneous double intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific, but a comprehensive quantification of these biases is currently missing. Therefore, we introduce a set of nine indicators that fully characterize the position and magnitude of the tropical extrema in zonal‐mean precipitation. An analysis of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) historical and Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations reveals large biases in the position and, especially, in the magnitude of the zonal‐mean precipitation extrema in both sets of simulations relative to observations. We find some of the nine indicators to be correlated, and that the structure of tropical precipitation can be well represented using four indicators, though these indicators are different in AMIP and CMIP. Previously defined indicators can only partly explain the biases, and so the more comprehensive terminology introduced here is a useful tool for characterizing tropical precipitation.
Wastewater Disposal and the Earthquake Sequences During 2016 Near Fairview, Pawnee, and Cushing, Oklahoma
Authors: McGarr A. , Barbour Andrew J.
Published: September 2017

Each of the three earthquake sequences in Oklahoma in 2016—Fairview, Pawnee, and Cushing—appears to have been induced by high‐volume wastewater disposal within 10 km. The Fairview M5.1 main shock was part of a 2 year sequence of more than 150 events of M3, or greater; the main shock accounted for about half of the total moment. The foreshocks and aftershocks of the M5.8 Pawnee earthquake were too small and too few to contribute significantly to the cumulative moment; instead, nearly all of the moment induced by wastewater injection was focused on the main shock. The M5.0 Cushing event is part of a sequence that includes 48 earthquakes of M3, or greater, that are mostly foreshocks. The cumulative moment for each of the three sequences during 2016, as well as that for the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma, and nine other sequences representing a broad range of injected volume, are all limited by the total volumes of wastewater injected locally.
Seismic Oceanography in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Thermohaline Staircases, Eddies, and Internal Waves
Authors: Buffett G. G. , Krahmann G. , Klaeschen D. , Schroeder K. , Sallarès V. , Papenberg C. , Ranero C. R. , Zitellini N.
Published: September 2017

We use seismic oceanography to document and analyze oceanic thermohaline fine structure across the Tyrrhenian Sea. Multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data were acquired during the MEDiterranean OCcidental survey in April–May 2010. We deployed along‐track expendable bathythermograph probes simultaneous with MCS acquisition. At nearby locations we gathered conductivity‐temperature‐depth data. An autonomous glider survey added in situ measurements of oceanic properties. The seismic reflectivity clearly delineates thermohaline fine structure in the upper 2,000 m of the water column, indicating the interfaces between Atlantic Water/Winter Intermediate Water, Levantine Intermediate Water, and Tyrrhenian Deep Water. We observe the Northern Tyrrhenian Anticyclone, a near‐surface mesoscale eddy, plus laterally and vertically extensive thermohaline staircases. Using MCS, we are able to fully image the anticyclone to a depth of 800 m and to confirm the horizontal continuity of the thermohaline staircases of more than 200 km. The staircases show the clearest step‐like gradients in the center of the basin while they become more diffuse toward the periphery and bottom, where impedance gradients become too small to be detected by MCS. We quantify the internal wave field and find it to be weak in the region of the eddy and in the center of the staircases, while it is stronger near the coastlines. Our results indicate this is because of the influence of the boundary currents, which disrupt the formation of staircases by preventing diffusive convection. In the interior of the basin, the staircases are clearer and the internal wave field weaker, suggesting that other mixing processes such as double diffusion prevail.
CO2‐Induced Ocean Warming of the Antarctic Continental Shelf in an Eddying Global Climate Model
Authors: Goddard Paul B. , Dufour Carolina O. , Yin Jianjun , Griffies Stephen M. , Winton Michael
Published: September 2017

Ocean warming near the Antarctic ice shelves has critical implications for future ice sheet mass loss and global sea level rise. A global climate model with an eddying ocean is used to quantify the mechanisms contributing to ocean warming on the Antarctic continental shelf in an idealized 2xCO2 experiment. The results indicate that relatively large warm anomalies occur both in the upper 100 m and at depths above the shelf floor, which are controlled by different mechanisms. The near‐surface ocean warming is primarily a response to enhanced onshore advective heat transport across the shelf break. The deep shelf warming is initiated by onshore intrusions of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), in density classes that access the shelf, as well as the reduction of the vertical mixing of heat. CO2‐induced shelf freshening influences both warming mechanisms. The shelf freshening slows vertical mixing by limiting gravitational instabilities and the upward diffusion of heat associated with CDW, resulting in the buildup of heat at depth. Meanwhile, freshening near the shelf break enhances the lateral density gradient of the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) and disconnect isopycnals between the shelf and CDW, making cross‐ASF heat exchange more difficult. However, at several locations along the ASF, the cross‐ASF heat transport is less inhibited and heat can move onshore. Once onshore, lateral and vertical heat advection work to disperse the heat anomalies across the shelf region. Understanding the inhomogeneous Antarctic shelf warming will lead to better projections of future ice sheet mass loss.