bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work Intensification and Occupational Fatigue on Nurses: A Cross-sectional and Correlational Study
Authors: Güngör Serkan , Sönmez Betül
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This research aimed to determine the relationship between work intensification and occupational fatigue in nurses using a cross-sectional and correlational design.
Methods
The sample included 597 nurses from public, private, and university hospitals in Istanbul, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the "Nurse Information Form," the "Intensification of Job Demands Scale," and the "Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale." Analysis involved descriptive tests, correlation, and hierarchical linear regression.
Results
Results showed higher-than-average levels of both chronic and acute fatigue, with acute fatigue being more prevalent. The mean intershift recovery score was below average. A significant positive correlation was found between chronic and acute fatigue, while a significant negative correlation was observed between both fatigue types and intershift recovery. Work intensification levels were above average and correlated positively with chronic and acute fatigue, except for intensified career-related planning. Conversely, a negative correlation was found with recovery, except for intensified skill-related learning demands. Regression analysis revealed that demographic and occupational characteristics of nurses other than age, work intensification, acute fatigue, and intershift recovery explained 59.8% of chronic fatigue. For acute fatigue, these factors explained 11.2%, and for intershift recovery, 12.8%.
Conclusions
This study highlights the correlation between work intensification and occupational fatigue in nurses, suggesting that increased work intensity leads to higher occupational fatigue. The findings contribute to the literature and assist nurse managers and decision-makers in preventing occupational fatigue by re-evaluating and regulating current working conditions where job demands are intensified.
Association between weight-related bullying and the academic, professional, and romantic pathways in emerging adulthood
Authors: Stamate Iris Fibia , Aimé Annie , Villatte Aude
Published: November 2024

Bullying is associated with psychological, physical, academic, and interpersonal problems that can persist into emerging adulthood, a developmental phase marked by changes and exploration in academic, professional, and romantic domains. While weight is known to be a leading cause of bullying, no study has explored how weight-related bullying during adolescence and emerging adulthood might influence the life trajectories of emerging adults. This study examines the academic, professional, and romantic pathways of emerging adults based on the chronicity of the weight-related bullying they experienced. Using a longitudinal design, data was collected from 104 emerging adults aged 24 to 29. Four groups were compared: those who had never been bullied, those who had experienced weight-related bullying during one, two, or three periods (adolescence, early and/or late emerging adulthood). ANCOVA analyses and chi-squared tests were conducted to examine the differences between the four groups. Results show that despite objective pathways that are broadly comparable to those of their peers, chronic victims report lower academic, professional, and romantic satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of considering the chronicity of weight-related bullying when designing interventions to identify individuals in particular need of support and promote the positive development of emerging adults.
The role of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on folliculogenesis, and evolutionary events in mouse ovary
Authors: mirzaie Vida , Eslaminejad Touba , Sheikhbahaei Fatemeh , vafaei Shayan , nabipour Fatemeh , Behzadi Mina , Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin
Published: November 2024

Background: Cannabinoids, as member of Cannabis sativa L. derivatives (such as marijuana, hashish) are able to activate the endocannabinoid system via two endogenous receptors CB1 and CB2. This system plays an important role in the regulating folliculogenesis and fertility and affects many of the processes of the reproductive system. This study was conducted to investigate the possible effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on the ovarian health and function of female mice.
Material & Method: A total of 80 NMRI mice were divided into 10 groups. Treatment groups received CB1 or CB2 agonist or antagonist or a combination of them for 5 days. Animals were sacrificed;ovaries were removed, measured to determine the weight and volume, total RNA from the left ovary was extracted for q-PCR, and the right ovary was fixed in Boin’s fixative to evaluate folliculogenesis.
Results:Treatment of animals with CB1/CB2 agonist + CB1 antagonist (W102+AM251) decreased the level of NAPE-PLD and increased the level of FAAH gene compared to all groups. CB2 antagonist (AM630) increased the number of primary, preantral and antral follicles as well as the volume and weight of ovaries, and estrogen levels. While the CB1 antagonist (AM251) significantly increased the number of micro vessels in the ovary.
Conclusion: Cannabinoid products affect the physiology of the ovaries and impair folliculogenesis. The CB2 receptor appears to play a major role in this process. Antagonism at CB2 appeared to differentially affect cannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes in ovarian follicles and also differentially affects their maturation.. However, our preliminary novel findings in mice require human studies before application in clinics
Evaluating Non-Fluoroscopic Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage for Pancreatic Pseudocysts: Clinical Outcomes and Complications in a Resource-Limited Environment
Authors: Mithushan Jesuthasan , Subasinghe Duminda , Fernandopulle Nilesh
Published: November 2024

Background
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage has become a routine strategy in the management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC). Although numerous studies in literature examine the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided PFC drainage using fluoroscopy, evidence for the effectiveness of techniques without fluoroscopy is still emerging. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts (PCs) and compare the success rates and complications among patients without fluoroscopic control in a resource-limited setting.
Methods
A retrospective study was carried out among 56 patients who underwent EUS-guided drainage of PCs over a 4-year period at a tertiary care center. The procedure was performed under deep sedation. A cysto-gastrostomy or cysto-duodenostomy was created with a self-expandable bi-flanged metal stent/ plastic stent placed with a linear echoendoscope, with or without fluoroscopy guidance according to the fluoroscopy availability. Clinical success, technical success, and complications were analyzed and compared between both groups.
Results
The mean age was 41 years (range 9–76), while 47 (84%) were male. Thirty-seven (66%) underwent the procedure with fluoroscopy guidance (F), while 19 (34%) did not have fluoroscopy (FL). Acute pancreatitis was the leading cause of the PCs (n = 34, 60.7%), and abdominal pain (n = 37, 66%) was the commonest indication for drainage. The overall clinical and technical success rates were 96.4% and 89.2% respectively, which are comparable between the sub-groups. The overall complication rate was 7.2% (F = 2.7% vs. FL = 15.8%, p > 0.05), with no statistically significant differences among the subgroups.
Conclusion
EUS-guided transmural drainage of PC without fluoroscopy guidance is a successful and effective method with minimal complications and can be used by experienced Endo-sonographers in low-income settings where fluoroscopy facilities are not routinely available.
Part A: Interspecific Eavesdropping on Chemical Communication between Pomegranate, Aphis punicae, Enemies, and Protectors in the Taif Governorate Field using open-loop stripping.
Authors: M’sakni Nour Houda , Alsufyani Taghreed , Alotaibi Noura J.
Published: November 2024

The requirement for alternative pesticides for agricultural crops has become a public health necessity. By using an ecological approach, we aim to examine how chemical interactions between Taif Pomegranate, Aphis punicae, enemies, and protectors can be tracked in the field. Describe how these substances could be utilized as a powerful crop biocontrol tool to implement integrated pest management (IPM) against A. punicae. Based on insect chemical ecology, volatile organic compounds were collected from four ecological systems: 1) aphid-infested pomegranates (AIP), 2) AIP with ant, 3) AIP with ant and ladybird after 24 h, and 4) AIP with ant and ladybird after 48 h. The composition and quantity of VOCs emitted can result in various responses. The VOC profile of AIP revealed that it is experiencing early injury due to low β-farnesene, methyl salicylate, and high levels of caryophyllene. The main ant pheromone compound, 4-heptanone, can be repellent to aphids by adding ants and ladybirds to AIP for 24 hours. After 48 hours, the key factor in repelling aphids is identified to be as 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1-methyl-1H-imidazole. Meanwhile, methyl salicylate, sabinene, limonene, pentadecane, and heptadecane are found to attract predators. This study's findings will be beneficial for future quantitative investigations that can pinpoint the concentration of every volatile compound required for the biological control of A. punicae.
Discovery of novel SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors from natural products by FRET-based assay
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Ye Xianlong , Wang Jixia , Zhou Han , Liu Longying , Zhou Liangliang , Xu Fangfang , Wang Pan , Hou Tao , Liu Yanfang , Liang Xinmiao , Liu Liangji
Published: November 2024

As a highly conserved protease, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) plays a key role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication, and drugs targeting 3CLpro have shown promising therapeutic effects. Promising applications have been achieved with direct-acting antivirals targeting 3CLpro. Natural products are an important source of medicinal compounds. In this study, we expressed and purified fusion proteins and obtained soluble 3CLpro, and the enzymatic activity was evaluated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays at optimized concentrations of protease and substrate. This assay was further applied to validate the 3CLpro inhibitory activity of 30 compounds selected from 583 compounds via virtual screening. Epitheaflagallin 3-O-gallate (ETFGg) was identified with binding free energy of − 66.90 kcal/mol and an IC50 value of 8.73 ± 2.30 µM and was selected for the ligand-protein interaction study. Dynamics simulation results suggested that ETFGg interacted with HIE163, THR190 and GLN192 of 3CLpro, and was stable in the binding pocket of 3CLpro during the simulation. Together, this work identified ETFGg as a 3CLpro inhibitor with prominent binding capability, which could serve as a potential lead compound for drug development against COVID-19.
Assistive Technologies in Healthcare: Utilization and Healthcare Workers Perceptions in Germany
Authors: Sommer Domenic , Lermer Eva , Wahl Florian , G. Luis I. Lopera
Published: November 2024

Background: Assistive technologies (ATs), such as robots or decision support systems, can improve efficiency and reduce workload. Our study evaluates the adoption and perception of ATs among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Germany.
Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted through August 2024 with HCWs in Bavaria, asking about (i) usage, (ii) usefulness, and (iii) perceptions regarding ATs. The survey comprised 11 close-ended and three open-ended questions, including story stems evaluated by qualitative template analysis.
Results: 371 HCWs participated in our survey, primarily 133 administrators, 116 nurses, and 34 doctors. More than half reported having advanced technical skills. Regarding the usage, (i) communication platforms (82.2%) and hardware (86%) are the most commonly used ATs. Advanced ATs such as body-worn sensors (ii), medical devices with interfaces (iii), identification devices (iv), and robots (v) are underutilized. ATs were reported to be helpful in all professional roles, but improvements in capacity and integration were needed. Key barriers to adoption include outdated infrastructure, lack of interoperability, and insufficient training.
Conclusion: ATs as communication platforms are widely adopted and positively perceived. HCWs voice for digital literature and more integration of advanced ATs. Our findings indicate further research regarding AT’s role and outcomes.
Investigation of Hepatotoxic Effect of Cement-Dust in Occupationally Exposed Individuals in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Busari Akeem Olayinka
Published: November 2024

Background
Cement is pivotal in advancing Nigeria's economic and infrastructural development amid rapid urbanization, where the demand for robust infrastructure underscores its integral contribution to meeting developmental requirements. While respiratory concerns have been extensively studied, the impact on the liver with the central role of detoxification remains a critical yet under explored dimension of occupational health. Thus, this study investigated the hepatic effect of cement dust exposure among occupationally exposed individuals in North Central Nigeria.
Methods
A case-control study was conducted at Malete, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria, to compare the hepatic profiles of 60 individuals occupationally exposed to cement with 60 non-exposed who served as controls. Ethical approval was obtained from the Kwara State Ministry of Health, and informed consent was secured from each participant. Five (5) milliliters of blood were collected, and hepatic profiles were analyzed using standard spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, the study investigated the correlation between the duration of exposure to cement dust and hepatic profiles among those occupationally exposed.
Results
The study revealed a significant increase in Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities among individuals exposed to cement (ALT: 30.58 ± 11.54, ALP: 181.68 ± 26.25) compared to non-exposed controls (ALT: 19.90 ± 7.26; ALP: 163.68 ± 29.92) at a significance level of p < 0.05. Additionally, the duration of cement dust exposure demonstrated a significant positive correlation with gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity (r = 0.363; p = 0.004). Conversely, no significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of cement dust exposure and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r = 0.190; p = 0.147), ALT (r = 0.016; p = 0.904), ALP (r = 0.178; p = 0.175), and direct bilirubin (r = 0.057; p = 0.664). Furthermore, the duration of cement dust exposure showed a negative and non-significant correlation with total protein (r = -0.098; p = 0.455), albumin (r = -0.097; p = 0.461), and total bilirubin (r = -0.156; p = 0.233).
Conclusion
The study suggests that occupational exposure to cement dust may pose a risk of developing hepatotoxicity in the future.
Quantum geometry induced microwave enhancement of flat band superconductivity
Authors: Arora Arpit , Curtis Jonathan , Narang Prineha
Published: November 2024

Photo-control of correlated phases is central to advancing and manipulating novel functional properties of quantum materials. Here, we explore microwave enhancement of superconductivity in flat bands through generation of nonequilibrium quasiparticles at subgap frequencies. In conventional superconductors, it is known to occur via radiation absorption determined by fermi velocity, which however is small in flat bands resulting in quenched quasiparticle excitations. Strikingly, in contrast to the conventional paradigm we show a non-vanishing microwave absorption in flat band systems enabled by Bloch quantum geometry leading to superconducting gap enhancement, underscoring the band-geometric origin of nonequilibrium flat band superconductivity. Specifically, we demonstrate this in twisted bilayer graphene, a promising candidate material, and find significant gap enhancement near critical temperature. This work highlights that the nonequilibrium dynamics of materials with non-trivial flat bands as a promising area for future experimental and theoretical investigation.
The inflammasome adaptor protein ASC promotes amyloid deposition in Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes
Authors: Alarcón-Vila Cristina , Hurtado-Navarro Laura , Mateo Sandra V. , Peñín-Franch Alejandro , Martínez Carlos M. , Molina-López Cristina , Baños María C. , Gómez Ana I. , Gómez-Román Javier , Baroja-Mazo Alberto , Arostegui Juan I. , Palmou-Fontana Natalia , Martínez-García Juan J. , Pelegrín Pablo
Published: November 2024

Amyloid A (AA)-type amyloidosis is a complication associated with various autoinflammatory diseases, including cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). The activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome in CAPS leads to the release of inflammasome oligomers, which are primarily composed of oligomeric filaments of the protein ASC. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular deposition of circulating ASC oligomers in tissues can serve as seeds for amyloid deposition, potentially culminating in clinical AA-type amyloidosis. In this study, we found that extracellular ASC in a late-onset, myeloid-restricted CAPS is associated with AA-type amyloidosis. Furthermore, intraperitoneally injected ASC oligomers produced from NLRP3 CAPS variants resulted in increased amyloid deposition. Overall, extracellular ASC oligomers present during inflammatory flares in CAPS promote amyloid deposition in tissues. Targeting extracellular ASC may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the development of AA-type amyloidosis in autoinflammatory diseases.
Attribution of flood impacts shows strong benefits of adaptation in Europe since 1950
Authors: Paprotny Dominik , Tilloy Aloïs , Treu Simon , Buch Anna , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Feyen Luc , Kreibich Heidi , Merz Bruno , Frieler Katja , Mengel Matthias
Published: November 2024

Flood impacts in Europe are considered to be increasing, especially in connection to climate change. However, attribution of impacts to climatic and societal drivers of past floods has been limited to a selection of recent events. Here, we present an impact attribution study covering 1729 riverine, coastal and compound events that were responsible for the large majority of flood-related impacts in Europe between 1950 and 2020. We show that in most regions the magnitude of flood impacts has been regulated primarily by the opposing direct human actions. On the one hand, the population and economic value at risk have increased, exacerbated by land use change. However, it was compensated by improved risk management, manifested by better flood protection and lower vulnerability. Climate change and human alterations of river catchments were also important drivers in many regions, but ultimately less relevant for trends in total, continental-wide impacts. Overall, our study highlights the need for multidimensional impact attribution of past natural hazards. Attribution results for individual events are available on https://naturalhazards.eu/.
The impact of IFRS introduction by listed Moroccan companies on financial performance: The mediating role of the cost of capital
Authors: Oubahou Yassine , El Ouafa Khalid
Published: November 2024

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect impact of IFRS adoption on the financial performance of Moroccan companies listed on the Moroccan financial market. The analyses are based on data drawn from the financial statements of 21 Moroccan companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange. By measuring financial performance using three stock market measures, namely the Mariss ratio, the Price Earnings Ratio, and the Tobin Q ratio, and using the structural equation method with SPSS AMOS software, the results indicate that before the introduction of the cost of capital variable, IFRS significantly affect financial performance, with an estimated coefficient of 0.395 significant at the 5% threshold. By introducing the cost of capital variable, the results show that the direct and significant relationship between IFRS and performance disappears, recording an estimated coefficient of 0.241 with a non-significant probability level of 0.243. On the other hand, the results show that the estimated coefficients for the indirect effect of IFRS on financial performance are negative, i.e., a coefficient of –0.099 estimating the direct effect of IFRS on the cost of capital and a coefficient of –2.621 estimating the direct effect of the cost of capital on financial performance, significant at the 1% and 5% thresholds, respectively. This confirms the hypothesis that the transition to IFRS indirectly and totally influences financial performance via the cost of capital variable.
Transparency of sustainability disclosure in agri-food value chain management: Mapping the scientific landscape
Authors: Steiner Bodo , Makarenko Inna , Yuhai Kateryna
Published: November 2024

Sustainability transparency in agri-food value chains is crucial for fostering accountability, enhancing consumer trust, facilitating compliance with regulatory standards, and ultimately contributing to the resilience and sustainability of food systems in the face of social, environmental, and economic challenges. This paper aims to conduct bibliometric mapping and a systematic review of the scientific landscape concerning transparency of sustainability disclosure in agri-food value chains by identifying the key transparency dimensions and relevant research gaps. An analysis of 841 Scopus-indexed publications, utilizing Scopus tools, SciVal, VOS Viewer, and Biblioshiny software, yields insights into source and author mapping from 2000 to 2022. Bibliometric analysis underlines the increase in research interests in transparency of sustainability disclosure in agri-food value chains after Sustainable Development Goals adoption and the COVID-19 pandemic, following upwards trend, especially in the UK, India, and the USA. The most influential topic clusters are supply chain, environmentally preferable purchasing, and green practices, as well as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Internet of Things with the strongest co-occurrences between transparency (as the most recent notion in scientific landscape) and sustainability, traceability, supply chains, food supply, and blockchain. Systematic review highlights the evidence that transparency as boundary-spanning phenomenon is explored within the mono-country and chain researches, case studies and interviews methodologies from triple bottom line dimension mainly, only introducing governance criteria. Research gaps were identified regarding the role of transparency in different economic system and chains; sustainability conceptual framework used; transparency dimensions incorporation; technology-driven progress and other chain characteristics (traceability, resilience) intersection.
AcknowledgmentsInna Makarenko is gratefully acknowledging the support of MSCA4Ukraine project no. 1233713.This project has received funding through the MSCA4Ukraine project, which is funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium as a whole nor any individual member institutions of the MSCA4Ukraine Consortium can be held responsible for them.
Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals-based electrochemical advanced oxidation process for treating dye-bearing wastewater – A review
Authors: Alam Md. Mahboob , Das Arnab , Adak Asok
Published: November 2024

Dye-bearing wastewater presents a substantial ecological risk. Consequently, there is a critical requirement for efficient treatment strategies. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) utilizing hydroxyl and sulfate radicals emerge as viable alternatives to degrade dye pollutants effectively. This review article emphasizes the implementation of EAOPs in the treatment of both synthetic and actual dye-bearing wastewater. The fundamentals, chemistry, and recent developments concerning hydroxyl radicals-based EAOP, including anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton, and sulfate radicals-based EAOP, have been thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, the article explores the comparative effectiveness of the individual hydroxyl and sulfate radical systems as well as the integrated hydroxyl and sulfate radical systems within a singular electrochemical cell. It has been established that sulfate radicals demonstrate a higher oxidation potential, greater pH adaptability, and a longer half-life in comparison to hydroxyl radicals, making them efficient for dye degradation when assessed against anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton processes. Thus, EAOPs represent a promising technological approach for the remediation of dye-bearing wastewater.
Effects of copper and lead on the sorption and desorption behaviors of benzene onto humic acids and black carbons
Authors: Tang Zhi , Yang Sen , Li Yilian , Du Juan , Xiong Yangfu , Fu Shengbo
Published: November 2024

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, combined pollution caused by BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) and heavy metals has become ubiquitous in soils, which would pose serious health risks to humans. However, the effects of heavy metals on the sorption and desorption behaviors of BTEX have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions on the sorption and desorption of benzene onto humic acids and black carbons were investigated. The results showed that Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions significantly reduced the sorption capacity, slowed down the sorption rate, and made the desorption less hysteretic of benzene on both humic acids and black carbons. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects by Pb2+ were significantly stronger than those of Cu2+. By combining the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the site energy distribution model, it can be speculated that the hydration shells of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions partially cover the surface of humic acids and black carbons, blocking their micropores and shielding sorption sites, consequently inhibiting the sorption of benzene. This study highlights that coexisting metal cations can significantly influence the fate of BTEX in soils.
Sulfonated Penta-galloyl Glucose (SPGG): The Pharmacological Effects of Promiscuous Glycosaminoglycan Small Molecule Mimetic
Authors: Al-Horani Rami A.
Published: November 2024

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGAGs), such as heparin, are complex linear polysaccharides
attached to core proteins via covalent bonds to form proteoglycans. SGAGs are crucial in assembling
extracellular matrix, the regulation of cell signaling and cell behavior, hemostasis, development,
and various diseases, including thrombosis, cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative
disorders, through their binding with diverse proteins. Despite the abundant SGAG-protein interactions
provided by nature, the development of small SGAG-like molecules remains underexplored.
However, sulfonated penta-galloyl glucose (SPGG) represents a promising, easily synthesized,
small-molecule mimetic of SGAGs, capable of harnessing these interactions. This minireview
discusses the chemical synthesis and characterization of SPGG, along with its pharmacological
effects derived from modulating the SGAG-protein interface.
Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) Modeling of Central Nervous System (CNS) Drug Activity using Molecular Descriptors
Authors: Jeyaraj Sahaya Vijay , Santiago Roy , Azeem Mohamad , Augustine Tony , Husin Mohamad Nazri
Published: November 2024

Background:

L-type amino acid transporter-1 is a drug that stimulates the func-tions of the brain’s central nervous system. Membrane transporters have evolved, leading to a distinct approach in L-type amino acid transporter-1 drug delivery. One of the trans-porters used for transporting drugs across biological membranes is the L-type amino acid transporter-1. It is widely discussed in the medicinal field.

Objectives:

Numerous investigations indicate a close connection between the properties of alkanes and the diversity of central nervous system drugs in the brain, specifically log P and molecular weight. One important study that analyzes structural properties is focused on topological descriptors. Recently, topological indices have found application in the de-velopment of quantitative structure-activity relationships. These indices are correlated with the physicochemical properties of BCNS-acting drugs and their biological activity.

Methods:

The study employs significant methods of calculating topological indices: the edge set partition method and the Djokovi´c-Winkler relation (cut method) are utilized to calculate the values of these descriptors.

Results:

The results of distance and degree-based topological descriptors have been de-rived. The strong correlation between topological descriptors and the physicochemical properties of BCNS-acting drugs has been studied.

Conclusions:

This article identifies important topological features for various CNS medi-cations, aiming to support researchers in understanding the properties of molecules and their biological activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate how strongly these behaviors cor-respond to the physicochemical properties of central nervous system drugs.
Investigating the Prevalence of Bacterial Infections in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit and Determining their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns
Authors: Shiralizadeh Somaye , Azimzadeh Masoud , Keramat Fariba , Hashemi Seyyed Hamid , Majzoobi Mohammad Mehdi , Arabestani Mohammad Reza , Jalilian Farid Azizi , Taher Abbas , Khazaei Salman , Alikhani Mohammad Sina , Karami Pezhman , Rahimi Zahra , Tabar Zahra Karimi , Shakib Masoud Moghaddam , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef
Published: November 2024

Background:

COVID-19 patient hospitalization, particularly in intensive care units, exposes them to bacterial and fungi co-infections, which can have very serious conse-quences, including increased mortality. In addition, antibiotic resistance among pathogens is a hidden threat behind COVID-19.

Methods:

In the period from 2020 September to 2021 August, bacterial isolates from COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of Sina Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, were collected and iden-tified based on standard biochemical tests. COVID-19 cases were confirmed based on clinical symptoms, computed tomography, and polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibil-ity tests were conducted using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods.

Results:

In total, 207 bacterial isolates were collected, with Klebsiella pneumoniae account-ing for 69 (33.33%) and Acinetobacter baumannii accounting for 59 (28.15%). The frequency and percentage of isolated bacteria were as follows: Alcaligenes species 28 (13.59%), Staph-ylococcus aureus 18 (8.73%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 (7.28%), Escherichia coli 11 (5.33%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 3 (1.45%), Enterococcus species 3 (1.45%), and Ser-ratia species 1 (0.48%). About 95.38% resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime and 92.31% resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefepime were found in K. pneumoniae isolates. A. baumannii isolates were 100% resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. About 22.22% re-sistance to vancomycin and 66.67% resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin were seen in S. aureus isolates.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of bacterial co-infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in COVID-19 patients can help in choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of antibiotic resistance.
Basic Concepts of Ionic Liquids and Chirality
Authors: Neto Brenno A.D. , Beck Pedro S. , Lapis Alexandre A.M.
Published: November 2024

The current chapter describes the basic concepts, selected physicochemical
properties, and general structural supramolecular organization of ionic liquids. The
concepts and importance of ion pairs, supramolecular aggregates, and the organization
of neat ionic liquids are also addressed in this chapter. These ionic fluids have also
been used as chiral inductors, and the basis for this application is also evaluated in this
chapter. The main objectives of this opening chapter of the book are to highlight
selected examples showcasing the significance of chiral ionic liquids and their
applications in chemistry, particularly in promoting chiral transmission.
Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Chiral Carbohydrate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara , Bhulakshmi Sathi , Chacko Treesa Mary , Krishnraj P. , Jayakumar Jyothylakshmi , Yasam Pavani
Published: November 2024

Carbohydrates are nature's most prevalent bio-organic substance. Because of
their benign nature and ubiquitous availability, the most relevant field of research is
examining these chemicals for value-added uses. Although carbohydrate-derived chiral
ionic liquids have shown promise in asymmetric synthesis, carbohydrate-based chiral
auxiliaries, catalysts, and reagents have received little attention. Only CILs derived
from isomannide and isosorbide proved useful for a variety of sustainable catalysis and
asymmetric reactions. As a result, numerous research groups have recently developed
carbohydrate-derived chiral ionic liquids from a naturally available chiral pool and
evaluated their application in asymmetric synthesis and sustainable applications. This
book chapter will cover the design, synthesis, and applications of chiral carbohydrate
ionic liquids.
Chiral Ionic Liquids from Amino Acids and Terpenoids: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Dinodia Monica , Singh Satnam
Published: November 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely useful as catalysts or as a medium for
reactions in varied chemical processes since they possess environment-friendly
chemical/physical properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) are those chemical entities that consist
of a cation and an anion having melting points less than 100 °C. Since the last decade,
there has been an increase in the number of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and their
applications. Most chiral ILs have either a chiral cationic or chiral anionic center. There
are also some CILs with both chiral cationic and chiral anionic centers. Molecules
obtained from nature (biomolecules) are mostly degradable; a number of them are not
toxic and are sustainable in nature. So, the development of CILs from biodegradable
biomolecules provides an opportunity to further improve their greener aspects. Amino
acids are a special kind of biomolecule due to their easy conversion into both anions
and cations; the diverse functionalities in their side chains make them chiral and also
enhance their properties. In comparison to various other chiral molecules, amino acids
are cheaper and plentiful. In the last few years, an array of novel chiral ionic liquids
were synthesized from simple, economical, naturally occurring terpenoids. In this
chapter, very recent developments about the amino acids and terpenoid-based CILs
have been reported and reviewed.
Chiral Ionic Liquids in Chiral Recognition Methods Using Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Singh Avtar , Kaur Nirmaljeet , Rohini  , Parmar Anupama , Chopra Harish Kumar
Published: November 2024

Chiral recognition and separation methods have received a lot of attention
due to the growing need for pure enantiomeric forms of substances. The separation of
enantiomers is usually done with the aid of a chiral selector. Numerous chiral selectors,
such as crown ethers, polysaccharides, antibiotics, etc., are extensively used in
enantiomeric recognition studies; nevertheless, each one of them has limitations of its
own. Recently, chiral ionic liquids (CILs), having inherent chirality due to the presence
of a chiral cation or anion, have emerged as inexpensive and lucrative chiral selectors
for enantiomeric recognition procedures. This article discusses the application of CILs
in chiral recognition methods through spectroscopic techniques like UV-visible, NMR,
and fluorescence spectroscopy. It also focuses on the mechanism behind chiral
recognition.
Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Method Using Vocal Biomarkers for Identifying Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Taehwan , Choi Jung-Yeon , Ko Myung Jin , Kim Kwang-il
Published: November 2024

Background

The two most commonly used methods to identify frailty are the frailty phenotype and the frailty index. However, both methods have limitations in clinical application. In addition, methods for measuring frailty have not yet been standardized.

Objective

We aimed to develop and validate a classification model for predicting frailty status using vocal biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults, based on voice recordings obtained from the picture description task (PDT).

Methods

We recruited 127 participants aged 50 years and older and collected clinical information through a short form of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment scale. Voice recordings were collected with a tablet device during the Korean version of the PDT, and we preprocessed audio data to remove background noise before feature extraction. Three artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed for identifying frailty status: SpeechAI (using speech data only), DemoAI (using demographic data only), and DemoSpeechAI (combining both data types).

Results

Our models were trained and evaluated on the basis of 5-fold cross-validation for 127 participants and compared. The SpeechAI model, using deep learning–based acoustic features, outperformed in terms of accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 80.4% (95% CI 76.89%‐83.91%) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.86‐0.92), respectively, while the model using only demographics showed an accuracy of 67.96% (95% CI 67.63%‐68.29%) and an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.73‐0.75). The SpeechAI model outperformed the model using only demographics significantly in AUC (t4=8.705 [2-sided]; P<.001). The DemoSpeechAI model, which combined demographics with deep learning–based acoustic features, showed superior performance (accuracy 85.6%, 95% CI 80.03%‐91.17% and AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.89‐0.97), but there was no significant difference in AUC between the SpeechAI and DemoSpeechAI models (t4=1.057 [2-sided]; P=.35). Compared with models using traditional acoustic features from the openSMILE toolkit, the SpeechAI model demonstrated superior performance (AUC 0.89) over traditional methods (logistic regression: AUC 0.62; decision tree: AUC 0.57; random forest: AUC 0.66).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that vocal biomarkers derived from deep learning–based acoustic features can be effectively used to predict frailty status in community-dwelling older adults. The SpeechAI model showed promising accuracy and AUC, outperforming models based solely on demographic data or traditional acoustic features. Furthermore, while the combined DemoSpeechAI model showed slightly improved performance over the SpeechAI model, the difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that speech-based AI models offer a noninvasive, scalable method for frailty detection, potentially streamlining assessments in clinical and community settings.
Psychedelic Art and Implications for Mental Health: Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Peng Mary L , Monin Joan , Ovchinnikova Polina , Levi Amanda , McCall Terika
Published: November 2024

Background

Psychedelic art (PA) emerged in the 1960s during the psychedelic era; then characterized by visuals induced by the ingestion of psychedelic drugs, it is now an art form known for its vibrant colors, distorted forms, and intricate patterns. Building upon the existing research on art viewing as an effective means to improving physiological and psychological well-being, viewing PA is postulated to evoke positive emotions and provide a meditative experience, contributing to improved mental well-being.

Objective

This study aims to investigate how digitally rendered PA influences viewers’ perceived emotional, mental, and physical states compared to imagery of natural scenery, offering insights into potential applications in mental health care and well-being.

Methods

Overall, 102 participants age 18 to 35 years were randomly assigned to either the experimental group viewing 300 seconds of PA imagery (50/102, 49%) or the control group viewing 300 seconds of scenic imagery (52/102, 51%), after which every participant completed a survey that gathered qualitative data on the perceived impact of viewing their given imagery on their physical, mental, and emotional states through open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify the patterns of experiences reported by the participants.

Results

Qualitative analysis unveiled a greater intensity and diversity of emotional, mental, and physical impacts induced by PA compared to natural scenery, including the sense of relaxation and peace, anxiety and stress alleviation, joy, thrill and sense of euphoria, sensations of awe and wonder, hypnotizing effect, holistic meditative effect, provocation of creative thoughts, induced hyperawareness of bodily states, and transitions from induced overstimulation or anxious thoughts to feelings of calmness.

Conclusions

The preliminary findings of this study suggest that PA is a rich and complex form of visual art that has the potential to facilitate healing and promote well-being and mental health. PA presents promising avenues for integration into mental health care, therapeutic practices, digital health, health care environment, and medical research.
The Effects of Virtual Reality–Based Reminiscence Therapies for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Mao Qian , Zhao Zhen , Yu Lisha , Zhao Yang , Wang Hailiang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Reminiscence therapy (RT) is a commonly used nonpharmaceutical treatment for cognitive impairment. Artifacts or conversations are used in RT to recall individuals’ memories and past experiences. Virtual reality (VR) has increasingly been used as an assistive technology during RT. However, the effects of VR-based RT (VR-RT) methods remain unclear, and insights into the related benefits and challenges are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to systematically review the effects of VR-RTs for older adults with cognitive impairment.

METHODS

Seven databases (MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ScienceDirect) were searched to identify relevant articles published from inception to August 10, 2023. Peer-reviewed publications that assessed the effect of VR-RTs (ie, using virtual clues to evoke participants’ memories or past experiences) on cognitive-related outcomes were included. Two independent researchers conducted the literature search, review, and data extraction processes. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze the extracted data.

RESULTS

Of the 537 identified articles, 22 were ultimately included in the data analysis. The results revealed that VR-RTs could maintain cognitive status (4/4, 100%) and reduce anxiety (2/2, 100%) in older adults with cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, one study found a cognitive improvement after VR-RTs, whereas cognitive degradation was observed at a 3- to 6-month follow-up measure. Around 88% (7/8) of the included studies indicated that VR-RTs improved memory; however, the evidence regarding the beneficial effects of VR-RTs was limited in improving quality of life (1/4, 25%) and reducing apathy (0/2, 0%) and depression (1/3, 33%). The results indicated that VR-RTs are safe, engaging, acceptable, and satisfying for older adults with cognitive impairment. In VR scenarios, personalized stimulus materials related to the users’ youth experiences were more effective for treating cognitive impairment than other stimulus materials.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this systematic review demonstrate the potential benefits of VR-RT for older adults with cognitive impairment, especially in improving emotion and memory and maintaining cognitive status. VR-RT is also safe and enjoyable for older adults. However, due to the trial heterogeneity of included studies, we can only provide qualitative results instead of performing meta-analysis to quantify the effect size of VR-RTs. Thus, more randomized controlled trials are required to examine the designs and effects of VR-RTs for groups of older adults with specific needs.
Gaming-Based Tele-Exercise Program to Improve Physical Function in Frail Older Adults: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kannan Lakshmi , Sahu Upasana , Subramaniam Savitha , Mehta Neha , Kaur Tanjeev , Hughes Susan , Bhatt Tanvi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Frailty leads to reduced physical activity can cause increased fall risk. This contributes to accelerated aging processes, leading to adverse health outcomes and reduced quality of life. We have developed and piloted the design, usability, safety, and feasibility of a gaming-based cognitive-motor (CogXergaming) tele-exercise protocol in prefrail older adults.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot randomized control trial tested preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of the CogXergaming telehealth protocol for improving physical function.

METHODS

Community-dwelling, prefrail older adults were randomly assigned to CogXergaming (n=13) or a control group (n=14). The CogXergaming group received supervised tele-exercises in a gaming format for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week) comprising 18 sessions lasting 90 minutes each. Control group participants participated in a Matter of Balance (MOB), an 8-week, once-a-week structured 90-minute tele-session that has been shown to reduce the fear of falling and increase physical activity. Feasibility of training was obtained by computing the median duration of training sessions for the CogXergaming group. Effectiveness was assessed using dynamic balance control (Four Square Step Test), subjective self-efficacy (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale), gait function (Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment), muscle strength (30-second chair stand test), and endurance (2-minute step in-place test).

RESULTS

Of the 45 participants enrolled in the study, 4 participants from CogXergaming group and 5 from MOB group lost contact after signing the consent form and did not receive their respective intervention. Eighteen participants were randomized to each group. In the CogXergaming group, 15 (83%) completed the intervention, with 3 (16%) dropping out in the first week. In the MOB group, 16 (88%) completed the program, with 2 (11%) withdrawing during the first week. In addition, there was a significant time group interaction for Four Square Step Test (F1,21=5.55, P=.03), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (F1,25=4.16, P=.05), and 30-second chair stand test (F1,21=5.06, P=.03), with a significant improvement in these measures for the CogXergaming group post training, compared with no change observed in the MOB group.

CONCLUSIONS

These pilot findings indicate that CogXergaming is feasible and applicable in prefrail older adults. Such game-based protocols can be beneficial in improving physical function among community-dwelling, prefrail older adults, however, the efficacy of such training requires further investigation.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04534686; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04534686