bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAIR and Interactive Data Graphics from a Scientific Knowledge Graph
Authors: Deagen Michael E. , McCusker Jamie P. , Fateye Tolulomo , Stouffer Samuel , Brinson L. Cate , McGuinness Deborah L. , Schadler Linda S.
Published: May 2022

Graph databases capture richly linked domain knowledge by integrating heterogeneous data and metadata into a unified representation. Here, we present the use of bespoke, interactive data graphics (bar charts, scatter plots, etc.) for visual exploration of a knowledge graph. By modeling a chart as a set of metadata that describes semantic context (SPARQL query) separately from visual context (Vega-Lite specification), we leverage the high-level, declarative nature of the SPARQL and Vega-Lite grammars to concisely specify web-based, interactive data graphics synchronized to a knowledge graph. Resources with dereferenceable URIs (uniform resource identifiers) can employ the hyperlink encoding channel or image marks in Vega-Lite to amplify the information content of a given data graphic, and published charts populate a browsable gallery of the database. We discuss design considerations that arise in relation to portability, persistence, and performance. Altogether, this pairing of SPARQL and Vega-Lite—demonstrated here in the domain of polymer nanocomposite materials science—offers an extensible approach to FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) scientific data visualization within a knowledge graph framework.
Whales from space dataset, an annotated satellite image dataset of whales for training machine learning models
Authors: Cubaynes Hannah C. , Fretwell Peter T.
Published: May 2022

Monitoring whales in remote areas is important for their conservation; however, using traditional survey platforms (boat and plane) in such regions is logistically difficult. The use of very high-resolution satellite imagery to survey whales, particularly in remote locations, is gaining interest and momentum. However, the development of this emerging technology relies on accurate automated systems to detect whales, which are currently lacking. Such detection systems require access to an open source library containing examples of whales annotated in satellite images to train and test automatic detection systems. Here we present a dataset of 633 annotated whale objects, created by surveying 6,300 km2 of satellite imagery captured by various very high-resolution satellites (i.e. WorldView-3, WorldView-2, GeoEye-1 and Quickbird-2) in various regions across the globe (e.g. Argentina, New Zealand, South Africa, United States, Mexico). The dataset covers four different species: southern right whale (Eubalaena australis), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), and grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus).
Differences between diaphragmatic compound muscle action potentials recorded from over the sternum and lateral chest wall in healthy subjects
Authors: Younis Gihan , El Sawy Noha , Elnemr Rehab , Madkour Doaa
Published: May 2022

To report normative data for diaphragmatic compound muscle action potentials (DCMAPs) recorded from over the sternum and lateral chest wall (LCW) and highlight factors that may contribute to variations in DCMAP parameters at the two sites. The phrenic nerve of seventy-three healthy subjects was bilaterally stimulated at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. DCMAPs from over the sternum and LCW were recorded (inspiration/expiration). Normative values of sternal and LCW DCMAPs were presented. The mean values of latency of LCW DCMAPs, duration of sternal DCMAPs and area from both recording sites are close to values reported by other studies. The mean values of latency of sternal DCMAPs are higher than that reported by other studies. Significant differences were found between sternal and LCW potentials in the mean latency, amplitude, and area (p < 0.001). The duration did not differ between the two sites. Differences were found between inspiration and expiration, right and left sides, and men and women. Regression analysis showed a relation between latency of sternal and LCW potentials and age. Latency (LCW potentials) and amplitude and area (sternal/LCW potentials) were related to gender. Amplitude (LCW potentials/inspiration) and area (sternal potentials/inspiration) were related to chest circumference (p = 0.023 and 0.013 respectively). Area (sternal potentials/expiration) was related to the BMI (p = 0.019). Our normative values for sternal and LCW DCMAPs are provided. Notable differences in the DCMAPs parameters were detected between the two recording sites, inspiration and expiration, right and left, and men and women. The technique of phrenic nerve should be standardized.
Molecular signatures written in bone proteins of 79 AD victims from Herculaneum and Pompeii
Authors: Ntasi Georgia , Palomo Ismael Rodriguez , Marino Gennaro , Piaz Fabrizio Dal , Cappellini Enrico , Birolo Leila , Petrone Pierpaolo
Published: May 2022

An extensive proteomic analysis was performed on a set of 12 bones of human victims of the eruption that in AD 79 rapidly buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, allowing the detection of molecular signatures imprinted in the surviving protein components. Bone collagen survived the heat of the eruption, bearing a piece of individual biological history encoded in chemical modifications. Here we show that the human bone proteomes from Pompeii are more degraded than those from the inhabitants of Herculaneum, despite the latter were exposed to temperatures much higher than those experienced in Pompeii. The analysis of the specimens from Pompeii shows lower content of non-collagenous proteins, higher deamidation level and higher extent of collagen modification. In Pompeii, the slow decomposition of victims’ soft tissues in the natural dry–wet hydrogeological soil cycles damaged their bone proteome more than what was experienced at Herculaneum by the rapid vanishing of body tissues from intense heat, under the environmental condition of a permanent waterlogged burial context. Results herein presented are the first proteomic analyses of bones exposed to eruptive conditions, but also delivered encouraging results for potential biomarkers that might also impact future development of forensic bone proteomics.
A deep learning-based radiomics approach to predict head and neck tumor regression for adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Shohei , Kadoya Noriyuki , Sugai Yuto , Umeda Mariko , Ishizawa Miyu , Katsuta Yoshiyuki , Ito Kengo , Takeda Ken , Jingu Keiichi
Published: May 2022

Early regression—the regression in tumor volume during the initial phase of radiotherapy (approximately 2 weeks after treatment initiation)—is a common occurrence during radiotherapy. This rapid radiation-induced tumor regression may alter target coordinates, necessitating adaptive radiotherapy (ART). We developed a deep learning-based radiomics (DLR) approach to predict early head and neck tumor regression and thereby facilitate ART. Primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) was monitored in 96 patients and nodal GTV (GTVn) in 79 patients during treatment. All patients underwent two computed tomography (CT) scans: one before the start of radiotherapy for initial planning and one during radiotherapy for boost planning. Patients were assigned to regression and nonregression groups according to their median tumor regression rate (ΔGTV/treatment day from initial to boost CT scan). We input a GTV image into the convolutional neural network model, which was pretrained using natural image datasets, via transfer learning. The deep features were extracted from the last fully connected layer. To clarify the prognostic power of the deep features, machine learning models were trained. The models then predicted the regression and nonregression of GTVp and GTVn and evaluated the predictive performance by 0.632 + bootstrap area under the curve (AUC). Predictive performance for GTVp regression was highest using the InceptionResNetv2 model (mean AUC = 0.75) and that for GTVn was highest using NASNetLarge (mean AUC = 0.73). Both models outperformed the handcrafted radiomics features (mean AUC = 0.63 for GTVp and 0.61 for GTVn) or clinical factors (0.64 and 0.67, respectively). DLR may facilitate ART for improved radiation side-effects and target coverage.
Flexible adjustment of anticipations in human outcome processing
Authors: Habiby Alaoui Selim , Adam-Darqué Alexandra , Schnider Armin
Published: May 2022

To sense whether thoughts refer to current reality or not, a capacity called orbitofrontal reality filtering, depends on an orbitofrontal signal when anticipated outcomes fail to occur. Here, we explored the flexibility and precision of outcome processing in a deterministic reversal learning task. Healthy subjects decided which one of two colored squares hid a target stimulus. Brain activity was measured with high-density electroencephalography. Stimuli resembling, but not identical with, the target stimuli were initially processed like different stimuli from 210 to 250 ms, irrespective of behavioral relevance. From 250 ms on, they were processed according to behavioral relevance: If they required a subsequent switch, they were processed like different stimuli; if they had been declared potential targets, they were treated like true targets. Stimuli requiring a behavioral switch induced strong theta activity in orbitofrontal, ventromedial, and medial temporal regions. The study indicates flexible adaptation of anticipations but precise processing of outcomes, mainly determined by behavioral relevance.
Detecting damaged buildings using real-time crowdsourced images and transfer learning
Authors: Chachra Gaurav , Kong Qingkai , Huang Jim , Korlakunta Srujay , Grannen Jennifer , Robson Alexander , Allen Richard M.
Published: May 2022

After significant earthquakes, we can see images posted on social media platforms by individuals and media agencies owing to the mass usage of smartphones these days. These images can be utilized to provide information about the shaking damage in the earthquake region both to the public and research community, and potentially to guide rescue work. This paper presents an automated way to extract the damaged buildings images after earthquakes from social media platforms such as Twitter and thus identify the particular user posts containing such images. Using transfer learning and ~ 6500 manually labelled images, we trained a deep learning model to recognize images with damaged buildings in the scene. The trained model achieved good performance when tested on newly acquired images of earthquakes at different locations and when ran in near real-time on Twitter feed after the 2020 M7.0 earthquake in Turkey. Furthermore, to better understand how the model makes decisions, we also implemented the Grad-CAM method to visualize the important regions on the images that facilitate the decision.
Cryopreservation Does Not Affect the Clinical Pregnancy Rate of Blastocysts Derived from Vitrified Oocytes
Authors: Ramadan Hadi , Pakrashi Tarita , Thurman Andrea R. , Pomeroy Kimball O. , Celia Gerard
Published: May 2022

Vitrified, or “frozen”, donor eggs can either be fertilized and cultured for fresh transfer (group 1), or fertilized and cryopreserved for transfer in a “frozen embryo transfer” cycle (group 2). This study compared the pregnancy rates between the two groups. Frozen donor egg cycles (N = 1213) were analyzed at the World Egg Bank. The outcome studied was clinical pregnancy rate. Cycles included only single embryo transfers (ET) without preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). A total of 600 cycles met the inclusion criteria. Group 1 included 409 cycles and group 2 had 191 cycles. There was no statistical significance in clinical pregnancy rate between the two groups (38.63% vs 32.46%, p = 0.14). Mean embryo age was higher in group 2 (5.1 vs. 5.4 days, p < 0.01). The compounding effect of vitrification when applied to two distinct stages (oocyte and embryo), has not been studied. When comparing the two groups, we found no difference in pregnancy rate. However, there was a trend towards fewer pregnancies in group 2. A larger study should be done to determine the validity of this result (Ramadan et al. in Fertil Steril, 2020).
Lasiodiplodia theobromae as a causal pathogen of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot of Theobroma cacao in Malaysia
Authors: Huda-Shakirah Abd Rahim , Mohamed Nor Nik Mohd Izham , Zakaria Latiffah , Leong Yin-Hui , Mohd Masratul Hawa
Published: May 2022

Symptoms of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot were observed onT. cacaoduring a series of samplings conducted in several states of Malaysia from September 2018 to March 2019. The identity of the pathogen that was responsible for the diseases was determined using morphological characteristics, DNA sequences, and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes, namely, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation translation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), β-tubulin (tub2), and RNA polymerase subunit II (rpb2). A total of 57 isolates recovered from diseased leaves ofT. cacao(13 isolates), stems (20 isolates), and pods (24 isolates) showed morphological features that resembledLasiodiplodiasp. The identity of the isolates was further determined up to the species level by comparing DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyses of multiple genes. The phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset of ITS,tef1-α,tub2, andrpb2elucidated that all of the isolates obtained wereLasiodiplodia theobromaeas supported by 97% bootstrap value. The results of pathogenicity tests revealedL. theobromaeas the causal pathogen of leaf blight, stem canker, and pod rot ofT. cacao.
A free customizable tool for easy integration of microfluidics and smartphones
Authors: Schaumburg Federico , Vidocevich Juan P. , Gerlero Gabriel S. , Pujato Nazarena , Macagno Joana , Kler Pablo A. , Berli Claudio L. A.
Published: May 2022

The integration of smartphones and microfluidics is nowadays the best possible route to achieve effective point-of-need testing (PONT), a concept increasingly demanded in the fields of human health, agriculture, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Nevertheless, efforts are still required to integrally seize all the advantages of smartphones, as well as to share the developments in easily adoptable formats. For this purpose, here we present the free platform appuente that was designed for the easy integration of microfluidic chips, smartphones, and the cloud. It includes a mobile app for end users, which provides chip identification and tracking, guidance and control, processing, smart-imaging, result reporting and cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) integration. The platform also includes a web app for PONT developers, to easily customize their mobile apps and manage the data of administered tests. Three application examples were used to validate appuente: a dummy grayscale detector that mimics quantitative colorimetric tests, a root elongation assay for pesticide toxicity assessment, and a lateral flow immunoassay for leptospirosis detection. The platform openly offers fast prototyping of smartphone apps to the wide community of lab-on-a-chip developers, and also serves as a friendly framework for new techniques, IoT integration and further capabilities. Exploiting these advantages will certainly help to enlarge the use of PONT with real-time connectivity in the near future.
Outcome prediction for acute kidney injury among hospitalized children via eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm
Authors: Deng Ying-Hao , Luo Xiao-Qin , Yan Ping , Zhang Ning-Ya , Liu Yu , Duan Shao-Bin
Published: May 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among hospitalized children and is associated with a poor prognosis. The study sought to develop machine learning-based models for predicting adverse outcomes among hospitalized AKI children. We performed a retrospective study of hospitalized AKI patients aged 1 month to 18 years in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China from 2015 to 2020. The primary outcomes included major adverse kidney events within 30 days (MAKE30) (death, new renal replacement therapy, and persistent renal dysfunction) and 90-day adverse outcomes (chronic dialysis and death). The state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and the traditional logistic regression were used to establish prediction models for MAKE30 and 90-day adverse outcomes. The models’ performance was evaluated by split-set test. A total of 1394 pediatric AKI patients were included in the study. The incidence of MAKE30 and 90-day adverse outcomes was 24.1% and 8.1%, respectively. In the test set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the XGBoost model was 0.810 (95% CI 0.763–0.857) for MAKE30 and 0.851 (95% CI 0.785–0.916) for 90-day adverse outcomes, The AUC of the logistic regression model was 0.786 (95% CI 0.731–0.841) for MAKE30 and 0.759 (95% CI 0.654–0.864) for 90-day adverse outcomes. A web-based risk calculator can facilitate the application of the XGBoost models in daily clinical practice. In conclusion, XGBoost showed good performance in predicting MAKE30 and 90-day adverse outcomes, which provided clinicians with useful tools for prognostic assessment in hospitalized AKI children.
Functional IKK/NF-κB signaling in pancreatic stellate cells is essential to prevent autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Chan Lap Kwan , Tsesmelis Miltiadis , Gerstenlauer Melanie , Leithäuser Frank , Kleger Alexander , Frick Lukas Daniel , Maier Harald Jacob , Wirth Thomas
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are resident cells in the exocrine pancreas which contribute to pancreatic fibrogenesis and inflammation. Studies on NF-κB in pancreatitis so far focused mainly on the parenchymal and myeloid compartments. Here we show a protective immunomodulatory function of NF-κB in PSCs. Conditional deletion of NEMO (IKKγ) in PSCs leads to spontaneous pancreatitis with elevated circulating IgM, IgG and antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) within 18 weeks. When further challenged with caerulein, NEMOΔCol1a2 mice show an exacerbated autoimmune phenotype characterized by increased infiltration of eosinophils, B and T lymphocytes with reduced latency period. Transcriptomic profiling shows that NEMOΔCol1a2 mice display molecular signatures resembling autoimmune pancreatitis patients. Mechanistically, we show that PSCΔNEMO cells produce high levels of CCL24 ex vivo which contributes to eosinophil recruitment, as neutralization with a CCL24 antibody abolishes the transwell migration of eosinophils. Our findings uncover an unexpected immunomodulatory role specifically of NF-κB in PSCs during pancreatitis.
Electropolymerization without an electric power supply
Authors: Iwai Suguru , Suzuki Taichi , Sakagami Hiroki , Miyamoto Kazuhiro , Chen Zhenghao , Konishi Mariko , Villani Elena , Shida Naoki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke
Published: May 2022

Electrifying synthesis is now a common slogan among synthetic chemists. In addition to the conventional two- or three-electrode systems that use batch-type cells, recent progress in organic electrochemical processes has been significant, including microflow electrochemical reactors, Li-ion battery-like technology, and bipolar electrochemistry. Herein we demonstrate an advanced electrosynthesis method without the application of electric power based on the concept of streaming potential-driven bipolar electrochemistry. As a proof-of-concept study, the electrochemical oxidative polymerization of aromatic monomers successfully yielded the corresponding polymer films on an electrode surface, which acted as an anode under the flow of electrolyte in a microchannel without an electric power supply.
Group mixing drives inequality in face-to-face gatherings
Authors: Oliveira Marcos , Karimi Fariba , Zens Maria , Schaible Johann , Génois Mathieu , Strohmaier Markus
Published: May 2022

Uncovering how inequality emerges from human interaction is imperative for just societies. Here we show that the way social groups interact in face-to-face situations can enable the emergence of disparities in the visibility of social groups. These disparities translate into members of specific social groups having fewer social ties than the average (i.e., degree inequality). We characterize group degree inequality in sensor-based data sets and present a mechanism that explains these disparities as the result of group mixing and group-size imbalance. We investigate how group sizes affect this inequality, thereby uncovering the critical size and mixing conditions in which a critical minority group emerges. If a minority group is larger than this critical size, it can be a well-connected, cohesive group; if it is smaller, minority cohesion widens inequality. Finally, we expose group under-representation in degree rankings due to mixing dynamics and propose a way to reduce such biases.
Climate warming amplified the 2020 record-breaking heatwave in the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: González-Herrero Sergi , Barriopedro David , Trigo Ricardo M. , López-Bustins Joan Albert , Oliva Marc
Published: May 2022

February 2020 was anomalously warm in the Antarctic Peninsula region and registered one of the most intense heatwaves ever recorded in Western Antarctica. The event featured unprecedented regional mean temperature anomalies (+4.5 °C) over the Antarctic Peninsula between 6 and 11 February 2020 and the highest local temperature of the continental Antarctic region. Taking flow analogs of the event from past (1950–1984) and recent (1985–2019) periods of the ERA5 reanalysis, here we quantify the role of recent climate change in the magnitude of this 6-day regional heatwave. Results show that 2020-like heatwaves over the Antarctic Peninsula are now at least ~0.4 °C warmer than in the past period, which represents a ~25% increase in magnitude. Given the observed atmospheric circulation conditions, the probability of experiencing 6-day regional mean anomalies above ~2 °C has increased ten times since 1950–1984. The aggravated severity of the event can be largely ascribed to long-term summer warming of the Antarctic Peninsula rather than recent atmospheric circulation trends.
Immune parameters of HIV susceptibility in the female genital tract before and after penile-vaginal sex
Authors: Mohammadi Avid , Bagherichimeh Sareh , Choi Yoojin , Fazel Azadeh , Tevlin Elizabeth , Huibner Sanja , Good Sara V. , Tharao Wangari , Kaul Rupert
Published: May 2022

Background

In women, most HIV infections are acquired through penile-vaginal sex. Inflammation in the female genital tract (FGT) increases the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission, likely through recruitment of HIV target cells and disruption of epithelial barrier integrity. Although sex may have important immune and epithelial effects, the impact of receptive penile-vaginal sex on the immune correlates of HIV susceptibility in the female genital tract is not well described.

Methods

STI-free heterosexual couples were recruited to the Sex, Couples and Science (SECS) Study, with the serial collection of cervical secretions (CVS), endocervical cytobrushes, blood and semen before and up to 72 h after either condomless (n = 29) or condom-protected (n = 8) penile-vaginal sex. Immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry, and immune factors including cytokines and soluble E-cadherin (sE-cad; a marker of epithelial disruption) were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Co-primary endpoints were defined as levels of IP-10 and IL-1α, cytokines previously associated with increased HIV susceptibility.

Results

Here we show that cervicovaginal levels of vaginal IP-10, sE-cad and several other cytokines increase rapidly after sex, regardless of condom use. The proportion of endocervical HIV target cells, including Th17 cells, activated T cells, and activated or mature dendritic cells (DCs) also increase, particularly after condomless sex. Although most of these immune changes resolve within 72 h, increases in activated cervical CD4 + T cells and Tcm persist beyond this time.

Conclusions

Penile-vaginal sex induces multiple genital immune changes that may enhance HIV susceptibility during the 72 h post-sex window that is critical for virus acquisition. This has important implications for the mucosal immunopathogenesis of HIV transmission.
Cu28H20: a peculiar chiral nanocluster with an exposed Cu atom and 13 surface hydrides
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Shen Hui , Gao Yang , Deng Guocheng , Deng Hongwen , Han Ying-Zi , Teo Boon K. , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: May 2022

A racemate of monoanionic chiral [Cu28H20(S2P(OiPr)2)9]− cluster containing four different hydride coordination modes with one Cu and thirteen hydrides exposed is reported.
Deep learning neural network potential for simulating gaseous adsorption in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Yang Chi-Ta , Pandey Ishan , Trinh Dan , Chen Chau-Chyun , Howe Joshua D. , Lin Li-Chiang
Published: May 2022

This study proposes ab initio neural network force fields with physically motivated features to offer superior accuracy in describing adsorbate–adsorbent interactions of nonpolar (CO2) and polar (H2O and CO) molecules in metal–organic frameworks with open-metal sites.
Catalytic reduction and reductive functionalisation of carbon dioxide with waste silicon from solar panel as the reducing agent
Authors: Pramudita Ria Ayu , Nakao Kaiki , Nakagawa Chihiro , Wang Ruopeng , Mochizuki Toshimitsu , Takato Hidetaka , Manaka Yuichi , Motokura Ken
Published: May 2022

Waste silicon wafer recovered from the solar panel production process acted as a reducing agent for reduction and reductive functionalization of CO2 with fluoride catalyst.
Ultrasensitive detection of pectin based on the decarboxylation reaction and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Huan , Guan Qi , Zeng Pei , Wu Guoqiang , Hong Yanping , Yang Wuying , Wang Chunrong
Published: May 2022

In the present study, a novel simple and sensitive method was developed for the determination of pectin based on the decarboxylation derivatization reaction and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) without complicated separation steps.
Synthesis of microporous polymers with exposed C60 surfaces by polyesterification of fullerenol
Authors: Nishihara Hirotomo , Harigaya Akio , Castro-Muñiz Alberto , Ohwada Mao , Kyotani Takashi , Nishina Yuta
Published: May 2022

Fullerene-based microporous polymers synthesized by polyesterification of fullerenol possess excellent stability against solvents and exposed C60 surfaces confirmed by enhanced hydrogen spillover.
Directional modification of oxygen functional groups by N heteroatoms on soft/hard carbons for sodium storage
Authors: Chang Gaobo , Zhao Yu , Gao Xinmei , Li Zhong , Zhao Hanqing
Published: May 2022

N doping directs oxygen functionalization on the surface of soft and hard carbon, especially in the formation of CO groups.
A lamellar V2O3@C composite for aluminium-ion batteries displaying long cycle life and low-temperature tolerance
Authors: Han Tianli , Wang Yan , Bai Haiyuan , Zhang Huigang , Liu Jinyun
Published: May 2022

A lamellar composite composed of V2O3@C nanosheets is developed as an Al-ion battery cathode, which displays long cycling life and stable electrochemical performance at a low temperature.
Three individually addressable spin qubits in a single molecule
Authors: Borilovic Ivana , Roubeau Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , van Slageren Joris , Lenz Samuel , Teat Simon J. , Aromí Guillem
Published: May 2022

Three individually addressable spin-based qubits made of antiferromagnetically coupled [NiCu] pairs (S= 1/2) with quantum coherence compose the core of a coordination cluster assembled by design through a tailored bis-phenol-β-diketone ligand.
Crystalline salts of a diuretic drug torasemide with improved solubility and dissolution properties
Authors: Garg Monika , Singh Mayank K. , Koli Saylee Manohar , Sreedhar Bojja , Ramakrishna Sistla , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
Published: May 2022

Two novel pharmaceutical crystalline salts of a diuretic drug torasemide with improved solubility and dissolution profiles are disclosed in this manuscript.
High-yield synthesis and hybridizations of Cu microplates for catalytic applications
Authors: Zulkifli Devi Permatasari , Kim Mun Ho
Published: May 2022

Aqueous-solution-based hybridization approaches based on the chemical conversion of the surface of 2D Cu nanostructures are used to prepare high-performance catalysts.
Structural CO2 capture preference of semiclathrate hydrate formed with tetra-n-butylammonium chloride
Authors: Muromachi Sanehiro , Takeya Satoshi , Alavi Saman , Ripmeester John A.
Published: May 2022

CO2 capture preference of semiclathrate hydrate analyzed by single crystal XRD. Asymmetrically distorted cages preferentially capture CO2.
Electron correlation and vibrational effects in predictions of paramagnetic NMR shifts
Authors: Jaworski Aleksander , Hedin Niklas
Published: May 2022

A robust approach for prediction of NMR shifts in paramagnetic systems is presented.
Resonance-assisted intramolecular triel bonds
Authors: Liu Na , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve , Xie Xiaoying
Published: May 2022

An intramolecular triel bond with resonance is designed. The resonance can enhance the interaction energy by about 25%. Adding electron-withdrawing NO2substituents to the ring weakens the triel bond, whereas an electron-donating methyl group has a strengthening effect.
Acidity scales of deep eutectic solvents based on IR and NMR
Authors: Zhou Fengyi , Shi Ruifen , Wang Yingxiong , Xue Zhimin , Zhang Baolong , Mu Tiancheng
Published: May 2022

This work not only offers two methods for determining both Lewis and Brønsted acidity of DES but also provides a molecular basis for optimizing the performance of DESs in applications.
In situ synthesis of morphology-controlled MoOx/Fe1−xS bifunctional catalysts for high-efficiency and stable alkaline water splitting
Authors: Liu Ying , Gu Xuejiao , Jiang Wei , Li Hongji , Ma Yunchao , Liu Chunbo , Wu Yuanyuan , Che Guangbo
Published: May 2022

MoOx/Fe1−xS/IF hollow microspheres were successfully synthesized with excellent HER, OER and overall water splitting properties and long-term stability.
Impacts of crop type, management and soil quality indicators on background nitrous oxide emissions (BNE) from Chinese croplands: a quantitative review and analysis
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed , Shang Ziyin , Espenberg Mikk , Cui Xiaoqing , Mander Ülo , Smith Pete
Published: May 2022

Crop types have significant impacts (p < 0.05) on the background nitrous oxide emissions (BNE) from soils. The annual BNE for China when considering the proportion of planting area is 0.69 ± 1.52 kg N–N2O ha−1.
Diffraction contrast in cryo-scanning transmission electron tomography reveals the boundary of hemozoin crystals in situ
Authors: Mullick Debakshi , Rechav Katya , Leiserowitz Leslie , Regev-Rudzki Neta , Dzikowski Ron , Elbaum Michael
Published: May 2022

Cryo-STEM tomography (CSTET) reveals the boundary of hemozoin crystals in situ within the digestive vacuole of P. falciparum.
Laser particle activated cell sorting in microfluidics
Authors: Dannenberg Paul H. , Kang Jisoo , Martino Nicola , Kashiparekh Anokhi , Forward Sarah , Wu Jiamin , Liapis Andreas C. , Wang Jie , Yun Seok-Hyun
Published: May 2022

A microfluidic device is developed that uses the narrowband optical radiation of laser particle barcodes to sort tagged cells.
Reversible color modulation of luminescent conjugated polymers based on a chemical redox mechanism and applications in rewritable paper and multiple information encryption
Authors: Li Weijun , Yin Maoxing , Liu Jin , Fu Haichang , Shao Xiongchao , Dong Yujie , Song Qingbao , Zhang Cheng , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: May 2022

A novel strategy that utilizes Fe3+ and H2O to achieve the reversible color modulation of luminescent conjugated polymers based on the chemical redox mechanism is proposed.
Casiopeinas® as SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors: a combined DFT, molecular docking and ONIOM approach
Authors: Reina Miguel , Talavera-Contreras Luis Gabriel , Figueroa-DePaz Yeshenia , Ruiz-Azuara Lena , Hernández-Ayala Luis Felipe
Published: May 2022

Computational combined protocols suggest that Casiopeinas can block the active site of MproSARS-CoV-2 by binding to its main amino acids.
Functionalized MOF PCN-222-loaded quantum dots as an electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for the sensitive detection of p-nitrophenol
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Jing-Shuai , Liu Xing-Pei , Mao Chang-Jie , Jin Bao-Kang
Published: May 2022

The composite PCN-222@CdSe was used to detect PNP.
Copper(ii) salen-based complexes as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Mohan Nithya , Vidhya C. V. , Suni V. , Mohamed Ameer Jimna , Kasoju Naresh , Mohanan P. V. , Sreejith S. S. , Prathapachandra Kurup M. R.
Published: May 2022

The systematic design and synthesis of four Cu(ii) salen compounds and their potential as excellent anticancer agents is discussed using biological studies.
Dual intercalation of inorganics–organics for synergistically tuning the layer spacing of V2O5·nH2O to boost Zn2+ storage for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Feng Ziyi , Zhang Yifu , Zhao Yunfeng , Sun Jingjing , Liu Yanyan , Jiang Hanmei , Cui Miao , Hu Tao , Meng Changgong
Published: May 2022

A “co-intercalation mechanism” is proposed in which magnesium ions and polyaniline are simultaneously inserted into the layers of hydrated V2O5 as the cathode material for ARZIBs.
Mesoporous Mn–Fe oxyhydroxides for oxygen evolution
Authors: Han Jingyi , Zhang Mingzhu , Bai Xue , Duan Zhiyao , Tang Tianmi , Guan Jingqi
Published: May 2022

Mesoporous Mn–Fe oxyhydroxides exhibit excellent OER performance with overpotential of 275 mV, where the surface doping of Fe onto the MnOOH can favorably destabilize the surface bridge O atoms and promote the formation of surface oxygen vacancies.
Quantitative analysis of molecular surface: systematic application in the sodiation mechanism of a benzoquinone-based pillared compound as a cathode
Authors: Sun Zhaopeng , Liu Luojia , Zhang Meng , Huang Weiwei
Published: May 2022

Quantitative analysis of molecular surface as a novel method for DFT studies of P5Q cathodes, which can simulate reasonable sodiation processes and predict accurate theoretical redox voltages.
Refolding of denatured gold nanoparticles-conjugated bovine serum albumin through formation of catanions between gemini surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulphate
Authors: Aggrawal Rishika , Halder Sayantan , Dyagala Shalini , Saha Subit K.
Published: May 2022

Demonstration of refolding of conjugated AuNPs-BSA through the formation of various catanions of SDS and gemini surfactants with different spacers in HEPES buffer medium using FRET/NSET methods and material characterization techniques.
Deactivation of catalysts in simultaneous reversible and irreversible parahydrogen NMR signal enhancement, and the role of co-ligands in the stabilization of the reversible method
Authors: Mames Adam , Jopa Sylwia , Pietrzak Mariusz , Ratajczyk Tomasz
Published: May 2022

Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and hydrogeneable Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (hPHIP) can enhance weak NMR signals, and thus increase the range of NMR applications.
Synthesis of pH-responsive covalent organic frameworks nanocarrier for plumbagin delivery
Authors: Wang Yang , Sun Xin , Wang Yi
Published: May 2022

A nanoscale covalent organic framework encapsulating plumbagin was synthesized with a high pH-sensitive drug release performance.
Oxygen-supplied mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal/photodynamic synergetic therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Zhou Jiamei , Wang Wenjie , Zhang Qiuyang , Zhang Zijun , Guo Jiangna , Yan Feng
Published: May 2022

We report oxygen saturated perfluorohexane (PFH)-loaded mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (CIL@ICG/PFH@O2) with photothermal therapy (PTT) and enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) utility for antibacterial applications.
Lattice-disorder layer generation from liquid processing at room temperature with boosted nanointerface exposure toward water splitting
Authors: Han Hui , Qiu Yanling , Zhang Hui , Bi Tianyi , Yang Qian , Liu Mengyao , Zhou Jian , Ji Xuqiang
Published: May 2022

The structural symmetry breaking of a highly crystalline substance towards non-crystal phase construction, particularly involving a self-healing process after crystalline grain destruction, is beset by difficulties and critical for water splitting.
Experimental and theoretical studies of cross-stream migration of non-spherical particles in a quadratic flow of a viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Tai Cheng-Wei , Narsimhan Vivek
Published: May 2022

This study utilized theory and microfluidic experiments to quantitatively characterize the effect of particle shape on the viscoelastic lift and cross-stream migration behavior.
Modulating the porosity of activated carbons via pre-mixed precursors for simultaneously enhanced gravimetric and volumetric methane uptake
Authors: Altwala Afnan , Mokaya Robert
Published: May 2022

The porosity of activated carbons may be modulated via pre-mixed precursors containing polypyrrole and air-carbonised biomass to ultra-high surface area and high packing density suitable for enhanced all-round methane storage.
A sacrificial ZIF-L seed layer for sub-100 nm thin propylene-selective ZIF-8 membranes
Authors: Yu Chanjong , Kim Yeong jae , Kim Jongbum , Hayashi Mikio , Kim Dae Woo , Kwon Hyuk Taek , Eum Kiwon
Published: May 2022

Ultrathin (<100 nm) propylene-selective ZIF-8 membranes were produced by employing a sacrificial ZIF-L seed layer approach combined with the RTD technique.
Microbial nanocellulose biotextiles for a circular materials economy
Authors: Schiros Theanne N. , Antrobus Romare , Farías Delfina , Chiu Yueh-Ting , Joseph Christian Tay , Esdaille Shanece , Sanchirico Gwen Karen , Miquelon Grace , An Dong , Russell Sebastian T. , Chitu Adrian M. , Goetz Susanne , Verploegh Chassé Anne Marika , Nuckolls Colin , Kumar Sanat K. , Lu Helen H.
Published: May 2022

Harnessing microbial biofabrication coupled to a protocol inspired by indigenous textile processes, we engineer high-performance biotextiles with a sustainable circular life cycle, including the plant and mineral dyed bioleather sneakers shown.
Perceptual Learning of Altered Vowel Space Improves Identification of Vowels Produced by Individuals With Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Olmstead Annie J. , Lee Jimin , Chen Janice
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

This study examines the efficacy of perceptual training for improving typical listeners' identification of vowels produced by individuals with dysarthria. We examined whether training on a subset of vowels can generalize to (a) untrained vowels and (b) other speakers with similar overall intelligibility.

Method:

Sixty naive listeners completed a pretest/posttest perceptual learning task. In the pretraining test and posttraining test, participants identified nine American English monophthongs produced by two speakers with dysarthria secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the 20-min training task, a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task with feedback trained listeners on a subset of the vowels and speakers presented in the pretraining test.

Results:

Vowel identification accuracy improved overall as a function of training. However, patterns of generalization between speakers and vowel types were not symmetric. Specifically, listeners generalized training from front vowels to back vowels but not vice versa. Likewise, listeners generalized from one speaker to another but not in the opposite direction. Examination of confusion matrices for the pretraining and posttraining revealed complex patterns of vowel-specific improvement.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that listeners benefit from a very simple training paradigm targeting vowels. Additionally, error patterns revealed that vowels are both resistant to and responsive to perceptual learning. Implications for future research and clinical training paradigms are discussed.
Development and Evaluation of Pediatric Versions of the Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale for Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Hornsby Benjamin W. Y. , Camarata Stephen , Cho Sun-Joo , Davis Hilary , McGarrigle Ronan , Bess Fred H.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Growing evidence suggests that fatigue associated with listening difficulties is particularly problematic for children with hearing loss (CHL). However, sensitive, reliable, and valid measures of listening-related fatigue do not exist. To address this gap, this article describes the development, psychometric evaluation, and preliminary validation of a suite of scales designed to assess listening-related fatigue in CHL: the pediatric versions of the Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale (VFS-Peds).

Method:

Test development employed best practices, including operationalizing the construct of listening-related fatigue from the perspective of target respondents (i.e., children, their parents, and teachers). Test items were developed based on input from these groups. Dimensionality was evaluated using exploratory factor analyses (EFAs). Item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were used to identify high-quality items, which were further evaluated and refined to create the final versions of the VFS-Peds.

Results:

The VFS-Peds is appropriate for use with children aged 6–17 years and consists of child self-report (VFS-C), parent proxy–report (VFS-P), and teacher proxy–report (VFS-T) scales. EFA of child self-report and teacher proxy data suggested that listening-related fatigue was unidimensional in nature. In contrast, parent data suggested a multidimensional construct, composed of mental (cognitive, social, and emotional) and physical domains. IRT analyses suggested that items were of good quality, with high information and good discriminability. DIF analyses revealed the scales provided a comparable measure of fatigue regardless of the child's gender, age, or hearing status. Test information was acceptable over a wide range of fatigue severities and all scales yielded acceptable reliability and validity.

Conclusions:

This article describes the development, psychometric evaluation, and validation of the VFS-Peds. Results suggest that the VFS-Peds provide a sensitive, reliable, and valid measure of listening-related fatigue in children that may be appropriate for clinical use. Such scales could be used to identify those children most affected by listening-related fatigue, and given their apparent sensitivity, the scales may also be useful for examining the effectiveness of potential interventions targeting listening-related fatigue in children.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19836154
Video‐based action recognition using spurious‐3D residual attention networks
Authors: Chen Bo , Tang Hongying , Zhang Zebin , Tong Guanjun , Li Baoqing
Published: May 2022

Recently, 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNNs) have attracted extensive attention in extracting spatial and temporal features in videos for their efficient feature extraction ability. However, it also brings enormous model parameters by training very deep 3D CNNs. Here, a novel network named spurious‐3D Residual Attention Networks (S3D RANs) is proposed for video‐based action recognition, which has the powerful capacity to learn collaborative spatiotemporal features. In particular, by leveraging the merits from 2D Convolutional Neural Networks (2D CNNs) and 3D CNNs, 2D CNNs are applied rather than 3D CNNs on frames of the single view of volumetric videos data to learn temporal motion features directly. Furthermore, view and channel‐wise attention mechanism submodules are employed in the residual unit to learn the importance of each view for action recognition and guide the network to pay more attention to the more useful information for action recognition. Experimental results on UCF‐101, HMDB‐51 datasets demonstrate that our S3D RANs have higher accuracy and lower model complexity than existing works.
Gram-Scale Synthesis of Substituted Triarylmethanes
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Lin Chun-Yi , Chen Shin-Mei
Published: May 2022

A high-yield, open-vessel route for the facile-operational, gram-scale synthesis of functionalized triarylmethanes (TRAMs) is described­ via silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles of modified polyphosphoric­ acid (NiFe2O4@SiO2-PPA)-mediated intermolecular Friedel­–Crafts reaction of substituted aryl aldehydes with 2 equivalents of oxygenated arenes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Among the overall reaction process, only water was generated as the by-product. Various reaction conditions are investigated for efficient transformation.
Uso do portal piramidal-hamato na fusão de punho de quatro cantos: Um bom truque técnico*
Authors: Falcochio Diego Figueira , Brunelli João Pedro Farina
Published: May 2022

As técnicas de fusão parcial do punho assistidas por artroscopia estão se tornando mais populares. Ficou claro que evitar a violação de importantes estruturas ligamentares e tendíneas, o que é imposssível com as técnicas abertas clássicas, permite uma abordagem mais biológica, essencial para a cicatrização mais rápida e melhora da função. Descrevemos o uso do portal piramidal-hamato (PH), raramente aplicado em técnicas artroscópicas de rotina para cirurgia de mão e punho, como portal acessório para melhor execução do desbridamento carpal medial anterior na fusão de quatro cantos. Esse truque possibilita a ressecção anterior quase completa das superfícies condrais do capitato e do hamato, o que aumenta o contato ósseo subcondral na articulação mesocárpica após a fixação e eleva as taxas de consolidação.
Tratamento das metástases no esqueleto apendicular
Authors: Moura Marcio
Published: May 2022

As metástases ósseas podem evoluir com eventos (dor, fraturas e compressão) com os quais o cirurgião ortopédico irá se depararar independentemente da sua subespecialidade. Os conhecimentos cirúrgicos acumulados são predicativos para a prevenção de fraturas iminentes, assim como de fraturas patológicas. Apresentaremos um guia para avaliar e conduzir de forma adequada um paciente com implante ósseo para cirurgiões que não sejam especialistas na área.
A Forgotten Entity following Breast Implant Contracture: Does Baker Need a Change?
Authors: Pagani Andrea , Aitzetmüller Matthias M. , Larcher Lorenz
Published: May 2022

Although capsular contracture represents one of the most important complications after breast augmentation, local inflammation and fibrosis can lead, in very rare cases, to capsular calcification, an often-forgotten radiological sign of capsular contracture. In this article, the authors present a clinical case of breast implant calcification in an 81-year-old patient. Although this complication has been rarely described, the literature was reviewed to clarify the role of the local microenvironment in capsular contracture and calcification. At present, capsular contracture patients are classified using the conventional Baker score and the histological Wilflingseder classification. As it was not possible to consider capsular calcification when classifying our patient using the traditional scores, the authors propose an updated version of the current scale.