bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Screening of Hemoglobinopathy in Indonesia Using Erythrocyte Indices
Authors: Surjawan Yenny , Tan Hwee Lian , Setiabudy Rahajuningsih Dharma , Rositawati Wiwik
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: The mutation spectrums of hemoglobinopathy are different among populations that yield a different result of erythrocyte indices. Calculation of erythrocyte indices with some formula has been reported to differentiate between hemoglobinopathy and non-hemoglobinopathy, but its cut-off should be recalculated specific for each population to gain a better sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to evaluate red blood cell count (RBC), Mentzer index, red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW index (RDWI), Shine and Lal index (S&L) and Green and King index (G&K) to screen hemoglobinopathy in Indonesia.METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 202 subjects. The diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy was determined based on the results of complete blood count (CBC) data, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Hemoglobin H (HbH) inclusion body. The ferritin concentration was checked to determine the status of iron. The erythrocytes indices were analyzed and calculated to predict hemoglobinopathy. RESULTS: A total 202 subjects who met the criteria were involved in this study. Fifty percent showed pure hemoglobinopathy and 4% showed a combination of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin concentration and RBC were significantly higher, and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and RDW were significantly lower in hemoglobinopathy compared to iron deficiency. The difference was not significant if the hemoglobinopathy was combined with iron deficiency. By this study's cut-off, the G&K and RDWI showed the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.CONCLUSION: The new cut-off of erythrocyte index and its calculation to screen hemoglobinopathy in Indonesia showed a higher sensitivity and specificity, especially for G&K and RDWI with cut-off 73 and 228, respectively. The presence of iron deficiency in hemoglobinopathy could decrease the sensitivity.KEYWORDS: hemoglobinopathy, RBC, Mentzer index, RDW, RDWI, S&L, G&K
The Immunobiology of Cancer: An Update Review
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: The introduction of mechanism based targeted therapies to treat human cancers has been pledge as one of the results of three decades of remarkable progress of research into the mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis. We ponder how the description of hallmark principles is start to inform therapeutic development currently and may increasingly do so in the future.CONTENT: There are 10 biological capabilities involved as the hallmarks of cancer, during the multistep of human tumors development. These hallmarks simplify the complexities of neoplastic disease into a structured rational principles, includes sustaining proliferative signaling, eluding growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, genome instability, inflammation, reprogramming energy metabolism and evading immune destruction.SUMMARY: The 10 hallmarks of cancer, in other words, the tumor’s distinctive and complementary capabilities that enable its growth and metastatic dissemination, continue to provide a solid foundation for understanding the biology of cancer. The acknowledgment of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly influence the development of new manners to treat human cancer.KEYWORDS: hallmark of cancer, cancer genome, inflammation, cancer immunology, metastasis
Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus: A Challenge and Opportunity for Specialized Nursing Care
Authors: Zammit Martha Anne , Agius Stefanie Marie , Calleja-Agius Jean
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare disorder, with a reported incidence of approximately 1 in 450,000 live births. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia in the neonatal period. The disease improves by early childhood, but the patient may relapse in later life. Diagnosis is made after genetic testing following presentation with hyperglycemia not conforming to Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Management is based on insulin and possible sulfonylurea administration. Three genetically distinct subtypes of TNDM are recognized. Type 1 TNDM is due to overexpression of genes at the 6q24 locus, whereas the 11p15 locus is involved in Type 2 and 3 TNDM. In this article the clinical presentation, management, and genetics of TNDM are discussed, particularly emphasizing the role of the neonatal nurse.
Using Dextrose (Glucose) Gel to Reverse Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Scheans Patricia , Bennett Catherine , Harris Deborah
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Hospitals are challenged to implement measures to improve health outcomes, decrease costly interventions, and increase patient satisfaction. By following a nurse-driven protocol, our institution has successfully met these three challenges in our treatment of newborns diagnosed with neonatal hypoglycemia (NH).

Based on results of a randomized clinical trial,1 a multidisciplinary team trialed glucose gel as a standard treatment for NH.

During the first year, admission rates to the NICU for NH decreased by 73 percent. Exclusive breastfeeding rates for this population increased to 49 percent and 40 additional families remained together on the mother baby unit.

This practice change is improving health outcomes, decreasing expensive interventions, and increasing satisfaction among the population of infants at risk for NH.
The Infant Born to a Woman with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Povinelli Theresa , Lim Caitlin , Raines Deborah A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy. During pregnancy, women with GDM develop insulin resistance, which results in altered glucose tolerance. As a result, there are frequent episodes of hyperglycemia and high levels of circulating amino acids, increasing the transfer of nutrients to the fetus. This article discusses the role of the mother–baby nursing in the care of neonates born to women with gestational diabetes.
Foraminíferos e Bioestratigrafia: uma abordagem didática
Authors: Zerfass Geise de Santana dos Anjos , Andrade Edilma de Jesus
Published: August 2017

O Princípio da Sucessão Faunística foi o primeiro passo para a aplicação da paleontologia na resolução de problemas estratigráficos pela utilização de fósseis para zoneamento e correlação de estratos. A aplicação teve início com observações de macrofósseis em estratos marinhos por naturalistas, geólogos e engenheiros, na primeira metade do século XX, mas o maior desenvolvimento da ferramenta decorreu do estudo dos microfósseis, como os foraminíferos, um dos grupos mais pesquisados. A aplicação direta na indústria do petróleo revolucionou o conhecimento da bioestratigrafia do Cenozóico. A difusão e o aperfeiçoamento da bioestratigrafia a partir da segunda metade do século XIX decorreu da sua aplicação na indústria do petróleo. Os avanços recentes da bioestratigrafia incluem utilização integrada de diversos grupos taxonômicos bem como a associação com diversas técnicas como a estratigrafia de seqüências e a sísmica. Para aplicação eficaz da bioestratigrafia é importante o conhecimento das relações filogenéticas e dos fatores limitantes à distribuição dos organismos além de aspectos tafonômicos que condicionam distribuição dos restos fósseis. Esse trabalho apresenta, de maneira didática, aspectos históricos e a base conceitual da bioestratigrafia com base em foraminíferos, e sugestões de atividades para a fixação dos conceitos.
Educação em ciência: actividades exteriores à sala de aula
Authors: Marques Luís , Praia João
Published: August 2017

O ambiente outdoor vem sendo reconhecido pela investigação como importante no âmbito da Educação em Ciência (EC) e é frequentemente usado pelos professores de ciências. Atendendo à ausência de uma designação em português que corresponda à natureza daquele conceito em língua inglesa, propõe-se aqui a de Actividades Exteriores à Sala de Aula (AESA). O estudo desenvolve-se em quatro momentos. No primeiro, apresentam-se alguns dos desafios colocados à EC e faz-se o seu enquadramento social, bem como se abordam as implicações em termos de ensino e de aprendizagem. No segundo, foca-se na discussão sobre a natureza dos ambientes exteriores à sala de aula, dando uma particular ênfase ao que ocorre no domínio das Ciências da Terra. De seguida, e num terceiro momento, reflecte-se sobre a contribuição das AESA na consecução das grandes finalidades sugeridas para a EC. A terminar, e num quarto momento, efectuar-se-ão comentários finais do estudo com particular ênfase no processo complexo do ensino e de aprendizagem, bem como na necessidade de uma melhor interacção entre investigadores educacionais e professores, em ordem a aproveitar, de forma articulada com outras actividades, as potencialidades das que são desenvolvidas fora da sala de aula. Em síntese, pretende-se contribuir para melhorar os resultados da Educação em Ciência no âmbito das Ciências da Terra.
A abordagem do relevo pela geografia: uma análise a partir dos livros didáticos
Authors: Bertolini William Zanete , Valadão Roberto Célio
Published: August 2017

O conhecimento do relevo é demandado não só pela necessidade de locomoção e ocupação do espaço pelos seres humanos, mas, também, para a compreensão paisagística em termos geográficos. Seu entendimento passa pela compreensão da paisagem como um todo e, através do seu estudo, é possível perceber em que medida outros aspectos naturais – tais como o solo, o clima, a hidrografia e a vegetação – se inter-relacionam na esculturação das diferentes formas da superfície terrestre e o que essas inter-relações acarretam à sociedade. No intuito de ser uma contribuição ao ensino de geomorfologia, este trabalho analisa o conteúdo referente ao relevo nos livros didáticos de geografia aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD 2005. Tal análise é embasada por reflexões acerca do significado do relevo nos estudos geográficos, das diferentes escalas envolvidas no seu entendimento, da construção de conceitos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e outras que subsidiam a contextualização do relevo na geografia sob a luz das relações entre sociedade e natureza. Tornar o relevo menos abstrato à compreensão dos alunos é um desafio do ensino de geomorfologia que pode oferecer contribuições importantes para lidar com a atual crise ambiental de forma mais responsável e crítica.
NARRATIVAS, PATRIMÔNIO DIGITAL E PRESERVAÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA NO FACEBOOK
Authors: Henriques Rosali Maria Nunes
Published: August 2017

A internet é um lugar de memória? Tendo como ponto de partida essa indagação, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar discussões sobre a proliferação das narrativas nas redes sociais e como a memória que emerge dessas narrativas são parte do patrimônio digital de um determinado grupo social. Além disso, discutimos o conceito de patrimônio digital e suas implicações no panorama atual da memória social. As redes sociais, além de suas funções comunicativas e sociais, tornaram-se espaços de registro e preservação de memórias e armazenadoras dos rastros digitais memoriais. Dessa forma, o Facebook acaba reivindicando para si um “lugar de memórias” na internet.
O USO DO CINEMA NO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA EM CONSONÂNCIA COM AS NOVAS DEMANDAS DA HISTÓRIA PÚBLICA DIGITAL
Authors: Da Silva Cleonice Elias
Published: August 2017

Neste artigo apresentamos as possibilidades do uso do cinema no ensino de História. Para tanto, considero as reflexões de Jonathas Serrano e Francisco Venâncio Filho apresentadas em uma publicação do início da década de 1930, e as de Marcos Napolitano presentes em uma obra publicada a primeira vez nos inícios dos anos 2000. A premissa norteadora das discussões apresentadas nesse artigo é de que o novo contexto marcado pelo advento tecnológico e pela emergência da História Pública Digital viabiliza a exibição de filmes nas escolas, sendo que esses cumprem um papel relevante na história pública.
 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cinema; História; Ensino de História; História Pública Digital.
 
 
ABSTRACT
In this article we present the possibilities of the use of cinema in the teaching of History. For that, I consider the reflections of Jonathas Serrano and Francisco Venâncio Filho presented in a publication of the early 1930s, and those of Marcos Napolitano present in a work published the first time in the early 2000s. The guiding premise of the discussions presented in this article is that the new context marked by the advent of technology and the emergence of Digital Public History makes it possible to display films in schools, and these are a relevant role in public history.
 
KEYWORDS: Cinema; History; History Teaching; Digital Public History.
 
 
RESUMEN
En este artículo nosotros presentamos las posibilidades del uso del cine en la enseñanza de la Historia. Para ello, considero las reflexiones de Jonathas Serrano y Francisco Venâncio Filho presentadas en una publicación de principios de la década de 1930, y las de Marcos Napolitano presentes en una obra publicada la primera vez a principios de los años 2000. La premisa orientadora de las discusiones presentadas en ese artículo es que el nuevo contexto marcado por el advenimiento tecnológico y por la emergencia de la Historia Pública Digital viabiliza la exhibición de películas en las escuelas, siendo que estos cumplen un papel relevante en la historia pública.
 
 
PALABRAS CLAVE: Cine; Historia; Enseñanza de Historia; Historia Pública Digital.
VOCÊ É ÚNICA: Análise da Representação Feminina na Revista Atrevida por Meio dos Modos de Organização do Discurso
Authors: Menezes Carvalho Luciana , Guquelin Theobald Débora Cecília
Published: August 2017

No presente artigo, buscamos identificar a representação feminina presente na revista Atrevida, por meio da análise dos modos de organização do discurso. Para tanto, utilizamos, como base teórica e metodológica, a Teoria Semiolinguística de Patrick Charaudeau, com recorte nos modos de organização do discurso descritivo e enunciativo. O corpus de pesquisa é composto pelas edições de abril, julho e novembro de 2015 da revista, nas quais analisamos as seções “Qual é a dele?”, “Meu corpo” e “Você é única”. A partir da análise realizada, concluímos que a revista coloca-se como amiga conselheira das leitoras, além de reproduzir, em sua maioria, uma representação baseada nos padrões comportamentais e estéticos tradicionalmente atribuídos às mulheres na sociedade patriarcal.
MACHO NA RODA: enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher por meio do ciberfeminismo em Belém-PA
Authors: Soares Isabella Régis Moraes Ferreira , Malcher Maria Ataíde
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo traz o recorte de um estudo de caso que teve como objetivo entender qual as motivações que impulsionaram o ciberativismo da página feminista no Facebook Macho na Roda-Belém, página esta que se mostrava como um espaço em que mulheres que foram violentadas de alguma forma por homens se sentissem seguras para relatar, de forma anônima, sobre suas experiências dramáticas, com a finalidade de alertar outras mulheres sobre os riscos que aquele homem representa. Entre os diversos aspectos da página analisados, destacamos neste artigo as motivações e experiências das mulheres que enviaram os relatos anônimos, chamadas de relatoras. A análise das entrevistas com as relatoras se dá essencialmente sob a luz do conceito de fatores inibidores de Montserrat Sargot e das perspectivas das pessoas em condição de vítima reveladas por Howard Zehr.
GÊNERO FEMININO, BELEZA E AUTORREALIZAÇÃO: uma análise da revista Claudia
Authors: Santos Tarcyanie Cajueiro , Ferraz Walkíria Firmo
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a Revista Claudia constrói seu discurso sobre a beleza feminina e a concepção de gênero daí decorrente. Analisamos entrevistas com celebridades nas capas dos exemplares entre os meses de julho a dezembro de 2015, utilizando análise do discurso proposta por Gill. Sant’Anna, Lipovestky, Oliveira, Fontenelle e Ehrenberg, são autores que fundamentam o referencial teórico e a compreensão do modo como a revista cria na leitora uma identificação com as celebridades em destaque, os sentidos dados ao padrão de beleza e o modelo de feminilidade por ela sustentado. Concluímos que há uma relação entre a beleza feminina e a realização pessoal, por meio de um discurso no qual a beleza aparece como uma forma de realização pessoal, suscitando valores ligados ao consumo como investimento e ao indivíduo como empreendedor de si próprio.
A MULHER NO JORNALISMO ESPORTIVO
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula , Oliveira Nathalia Lainetti de
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a repórter dentro da editoria de esportes no Brasil. Pretende-se, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, dissertar sobre a violência simbólica sofrida por estas profissionais. Para tal, foram utilizados os conceitos de violência e poder simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu. Nesta pesquisa, foi possível concluir que, as repórteres, ao contrário dos repórteres, precisam lidar com o assédio, com os comentários machistas e com a imposição de padrões estéticos.
PRECISA-SE DE PROFESSORES PARA A TERRA DE NINGUÉM
Authors: Vicente Kyldes Batista , Sousa Fábio d’Abadia de
Published: August 2017

O mundo da Internet não pode mais continuar sendo a Terra de Ninguém. É preciso que nós, professores, deixemos, de uma vez por todas, todo e qualquer temor em relação ao mundo tecnológico que nos rodeia e que ocupemos o lugar que nele está destinado a nós:  o de orientadores desta transição do mundo real para o virtual. Acreditamos que o papel do professor não é falar de tecnologia, mas de humanidade.
O PODER DA PREFEITURA, RELAÇÕES ÍNTIMAS E O VOTO RETROSPECTIVO: Uma análise da dinâmica eleitoral municipal através do método qualitativo
Authors: Oliveira Adriano , Gadelha Carlos , Costa Simara
Published: August 2017

Esse artigo mostra as visões de mundo dos eleitores para com o processo eleitoral de dois municípios de Pernambuco através do método qualitativo. A técnica focus groups (grupos focais) foi utilizada para a coleta de dados e posterior construção da interpretação dos contextos sociais abordados. Inicialmente, narramos as visões de mundo dos eleitores. Nesta narrativa evidenciamos o que os eleitores pensam sobre economia local, problemas da cidade e como ocorre a disputa eleitoral.  Em seguida, os dados contidos na narrativa sofrem interpretação. Dela surgem conceitos que clarificam a dinâmica eleitoral dos municípios pesquisados. O poder da prefeitura na disputa eleitoral, a relação íntima entre indivíduo e político e a limitação explicativa do voto retrospectivo para a compreensão da escolha do eleitor são as principais conclusões deste artigo.
LA REALIDAD AUMENTADA EN EL AULA DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA
Authors: Marín Díaz Verónica , Sampedro Requena Begoña Esther , Muñoz González Juan Manuel
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho, propomos a avaliação de futuros professores, a realidade aumentada como recurso didático no ensino primário. A abordagem de pesquisa a partir de uma metodologia quantitativa através do uso de um questionário criado ad hoc e composta por 32 itens que se referem a certos aspectos educacionais (inclusividade, necessidades educativas especiais, processos e-a ...). Ele tem trabalhado com uma amostra de 208 estudantes caráter incidental pertencente ao grau de Educação Primária, Faculdade de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Córdoba. Os resultados indicam que os futuros professores na sua formação inicial, realidade aumentada considerado como uma ferramenta que pode ser útil e relevante para o desenvolvimento de currículos, bem como a educação inclusiva.
Improvement of Sensitivity and Detectability of the Three-Coil Wear Debris Detection Sensor Using LC Resonance Method and Modified Lock-in Amplifier
Authors: Jia Ran , Ma Biao , Zheng Changsong , Wang Liyong , Du Qiu , Wang Kai
Published: August 2017

That how to improve the sensitivity and the detection ability of the Large-caliber sensor is critical to satisfy the requirement of heavy vehicle wear condition monitoring. In this paper, we introduced the LC resonance principle to the design of sensor with large flow channel (7mm). The resonant exciting coil increases the impedance change of the exciting circuit caused by wear particles which magnify the current difference between the two exciting coils and improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The resonant induction coil greatly suppresses the interference signals and magnifies the weak induced electromotive force which is beneficial to enhance the detection ability. In order to boost the detectability for different materials particles, a phase controlled variable-frequency exciting system (PCVFES) was adopted to automatically switch the exciting frequency between 284kHz for ferromagnetic particles and 420KHz for non-ferromagnetic particles. For the weak signal detection, based on the essential characteristic of the signal, we apply a simpler method that modified lock-in amplifier (MLIA) rather than the conventional algorithms (Wavelet transform, EMD). Results show that using these methods the sensitivity and the detection ability of the sensor are significantly improved and the 75μm iron particles and 220μm copper particles were successfully detected which realizes the initial abnormal wear monitoring for the large flow project.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Triiodide [Na(12-Crown-4)2]I3 on the Pathogens Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans
Authors: Edis Zehra , Bloukh Samir Haj , Sara Hamed Abu
Published: August 2017

New antibacterial agents are needed to overcome the increasing number of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains.  In this context, halogens, especially Iodine is known since ages for its antimicrobial activity. Therefore, especially triiodides encapsulated in organometallic complexes can be helpful as new agents against microorganisms. The aims of this work was to study the biological activity of [Na(12-Crown-4)2]I3 against gram positive Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, the spore forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the yeast Candida albicans. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the triiodide were determined by zone of inhibition plate studies. [Na(12-Crown-4)2]I3 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity on gram positive Streptochocci and the yeast C. albicans. Furthermore, the gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were less effectively inhibited, while E. coli and P. mirabilis proved to be even resistant.
Sport and Sex-Specific Reporting Trends in the Epidemiology of Concussions Sustained by High School Athletes
Authors: Schallmo Michael S. , Weiner Joseph A. , Hsu Wellington K.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Approximately 300,000 U.S. adolescents sustain concussions annually while participating in organized athletics. This study aimed to track sex and sport-specific trends among high school sports-related concussions over time, to identify whether a particular sport predisposes athletes to a higher risk, and to assess whether traumatic brain injury law enactments have been successful in improving recognition.

Methods:

Injury data for academic years 2005 to 2014 were collected from annual reports generated by High School RIO (Reporting Information Online). The relative proportions of total estimated concussions to total estimated injuries were compared using an injury proportion ratio. The concussion rate was defined as the number of concussions per 10,000 athlete exposures (1 athlete participating in 1 practice or competition), with rates compared using a rate ratio. To evaluate the impact of legislation on sports-related concussions in this population, trends in concussion rates and proportions were analyzed before enactment (academic years 2005-2009) and after enactment (academic years 2010-2014).

Results:

Between 2005-2006 and 2014-2015, a significant increase (p < 0.0001) in the overall number of concussions for all sports combined, the overall concussion rate (rate ratio, 2.30 [95% confidence interval, 2.04 to 2.59]), and the overall proportion of concussions (injury proportion ratio, 2.68 [95% confidence interval, 2.66 to 2.70]) was seen. Based on the injury proportion ratio, during the 2014-2015 academic year, concussions were more common in girls’ soccer than in any other sport (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Because of potentially devastating consequences, concussion prevention and recognition measures continue to be emphasized in high school contact sports. The data in our study suggest that significant increases in the overall rate and proportion of reported concussions during the past decade could have been affected by traumatic brain injury legislation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that girls’ soccer players may have an even greater risk of sustaining a concussion than all other sports.

Clinical Relevance:

Sports-related concussions in adolescent athletes can have devastating consequences, and we now know that female athletes, especially girls’ soccer players, may be at an even greater risk for sustaining this injury than all other athletes. Knowledge of the trends identified by this study may help lead to policy and prevention measures that can accommodate each sport effectively and potentially halt these trends.
Osteosynthesis techniques used for mandibular sagittal split osteotomy – history of orthognathic procedures and modern practice
Authors: Nowak Rafał , Trybek Grzegorz
Published: August 2017

W chirurgii ortognatycznej jednym z czynników warunkujących powodzenie leczenia jest zastosowanie odpowiednich zespoleń po wykonaniu zabiegu osteotomii szczęki lub żuchwy. Podobnie jak zmieniały się metody i techniki operacyjne, tak również ewaluowało podejście chirurgów do sposobów zespalania odłamów kostnych od pozostawiania ich bez zespalania do stosowania różnych technik osteosyntezy. Rozwój medycyny i technologii medycznej pozwolił zmienić podejście do unieruchamiania odłamów kostnych nie tylko w ortopedii i traumatologii, ale również przy planowych kostnych zabiegach korekcyjnych. Naczelna zasada warunkująca gojenie kości – czyli jej prawidłowe ustawienie, tak aby zapewnić właściwą powierzchnię przylegania, oraz unieruchomienie, aby umożliwić zrost – pozostała od wieków niezmienna, natomiast dzięki postępowi możliwe stało się zwiększenie komfortu pacjenta i przewidywalności efektów leczenia. W artykule przedstawiono techniki i sposoby zespalania odłamów osteotomijnych po wykonaniu strzałkowej osteotomii gałęzi żuchwy, począwszy od pierwszych zabiegów wykonywanych przez Hugo Obwegesera, aż do dzisiaj.
A Gauss-Newton Trust-Region Solver for Large-Scale History-Matching Problems
Authors: Gao Guohua , Jiang Hao , Hagen Paul van , Vink Jeroen C. , Wells Terence
Published: August 2017

Solving the Gauss-Newton trust-region subproblem (TRS) with traditional solvers involves solving a symmetric linear system with dimensions the same as the number of uncertain parameters, and it is extremely computational expensive for history-matching problems with a large number of uncertain parameters. A new trust-region (TR) solver is developed to save both memory usage and computational cost, and its performance is compared with the well-known direct TR solver using factorization and iterative TR solver using the conjugate-gradient approach.

With application of the matrix inverse lemma, the original TRS is transformed to a new problem that involves solving a linear system with the number of observed data. For history-matching problems in which the number of uncertain parameters is much larger than the number of observed data, both memory usage and central-processing-unit (CPU) time can be significantly reduced compared with solving the original problem directly. An auto-adaptive power-law transformation technique is developed to transform the original strong nonlinear function to a new function that behaves more like a linear function. Finally, the Newton-Raphson method with some modifications is applied to solve the TRS.

The proposed approach is applied to find best-match solutions in Bayesian-style assisted-history-matching (AHM) problems. It is first validated on a set of synthetic test problems with different numbers of uncertain parameters and different numbers of observed data. In terms of efficiency, the new approach is shown to significantly reduce both the computational cost and memory usage compared with the direct TR solver of the GALAHAD optimization library (see http://www.galahad.rl.ac.uk/doc.html). In terms of robustness, the new approach is able to reduce the risk of failure to find the correct solution significantly, compared with the iterative TR solver of the GALAHAD optimization library. Our numerical results indicate that the new solver can solve large-scale TRSs with reasonably small amounts of CPU time (in seconds) and memory (in MB). Compared with the CPU time and memory used for completing one reservoir simulation run for the same problem (in hours and in GB), the cost for finding the best-match parameter values using our new TR solver is negligible. The proposed approach has been implemented in our in-house reservoir simulation and history-matching system, and has been validated on a real-reservoir-simulation model. This illustrates the main result of this paper: the development of a robust Gauss-Newton TR approach, which is applicable for large-scale history-matching problems with negligible extra cost in CPU and memory.
Specifying Carbon Dioxide Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Desai Manthan G.
Published: August 2017

This paper highlights the care to be taken by an engineer while specifying and selecting a centrifugal compressor for carbon dioxide (CO2) compression.

With the increase in the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere, there is an increase in the popularity of capturing CO2 emitted from the large source points such as fossil-fuel power plants, steel mills, cement plants, and others before its release to the atmosphere and storing it in geological formations [also used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) where possible]. The compressors used to transport and store the CO2 at such depths need to compress the gas from atmospheric pressure to the pressures on the order of 200 bar or more.

The critical temperature of CO2 is only 31.1°C, so the CO2 is generally transported and stored in a supercritical state. The thermodynamic properties of supercritical CO2 are considerably different from those of the other real gases that are generally compressed. Further, to achieve this supercritical state, the critical point of CO2 is crossed somewhere in the compression stage. Near critical point, the ideal-gas law will not hold for CO2. Moreover, there is a reduction in the choke margin of the compressor caused by the reduction of the sound speed in CO2, particularly near the thermodynamic critical point. Also, the CO2 compressibility and specific heats are not linear near the critical pressure and temperature. The impurities in the CO2 will affect further the thermodynamic characteristics of the working fluid. Also, the water content in the CO2 makes it extremely corrosive.

Considering all the aspects mentioned previously, specifying the CO2 compressor correctly in terms of the equation of state (EOS) to be used, the interstage pressures and temperatures to be maintained, suggesting the number of impellers per stage to maintain the desired flow coefficient, metallurgy to be selected and scheme of compressor dry gas seals, and others becomes all the more important and is described in the paper.
Recensione: Diadori, Pierangela (2015). Insegnare italiano L2 a religiosi cattolici. L'italiano lingua veicolare nella Chiesa e la formazione linguistica del clero. Firenze, Italia: Le Monnier – Mondadori.
Authors: Olevano Alessandra
Published: August 2017

Questa recensione presenta il libro di Pierangela Diadori sull’insegnamento dell’italiano come lingua seconda a religiosi cattolici e sul suo uso come lingua veicolare in ambiente ecclesiastico. Il libro descrive le specificità d’uso e d’insegnamento per l’italiano nella Chiesa con attenzione al ruolo internazionale assunto. Il testo apre a riflessioni sul rapporto fra lingua e comunicazione religiosa.
Tareas de comprensión audiovisual con	preguntas sobre impresas	en el vídeo: valoraciones de cinco profesores universitarios de español	como lengua extranjera
Authors: Casañ Núñez Juan Carlos
Published: August 2017

Las tareas de comprensión audiovisual para el aprendizaje o evaluación de lenguas extranjeras requieren que el estudiante realice cuatro acciones simultáneamente: escuchar, ver, leer y escribir. Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación mayor que explora el uso de tareas de comprensión audiovisual con preguntas integradas en la imagen a modo de subtítulos y sincronizadas con los fragmentos relevantes. En este estudio mixto de tipo convergente cinco profesores universitarios de español como lengua extranjera expresaron su opinión sobre esta metodología. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Los instrumentos empleados fueron dos tareas de comprensión audiovisual y un cuestionario. Los resultados indicaron que, globalmente, los docentes estaban de acuerdo con que las preguntas sobreimpresas ayudaban a los aprendientes. Los profesores también precisaron en qué consistía la ayuda y para qué nivel era apropiada la técnica.
L'acquisizione dell'imperativo in italiano L2: analisi di un corpus di apprendenti anglofoni
Authors: Samu Borbala
Published: August 2017

L’imperativo in italiano e l’acquisizione di questo modo verbale sono relativamente poco studiati. Questo studio intende sottolineare, da un lato, la distinzione fondamentale tra le forme dell’imperativo vero e proprio e le forme suppletive, e dall’altro, la differenza tra gli usi definiti prototipici nella letteratura e quelli effettivi in italiano contemporaneo. Su queste basi si esamina l’acquisizione dell’imperativo in italiano L2 da parte di apprendenti anglofoni. I dati ricavati da un corpus di apprendenti specifico dimostrano che l’imperativo in italiano L2 è appreso tardi e con molte difficoltà. In più, gli apprendenti di competenza più elevata che padroneggiano la forma dell’imperativo lo usano meno rispetto agli apprendenti meno competenti. I motivi della difficoltà dell’acquisizione dell’imperativo e della tendenza a non utilizzarlo vanno cercati, da un lato, nella marcatezza morfologica di alcuni elementi del paradigma verbale, e dall’altro nel suo uso effettivo che si distanzia radicalmente dalla funzione del comando e che fa avvicinare le forme imperativali più frequenti ai regolatori di interazione, tendenzialmente invariabili.
Study on COD removal mechanism and reaction kinetics of oilfield wastewater
Authors: Yin Xian-Qing , Jing Bo , Chen Wen-Juan , Zhang Jian , Liu Qian , Chen Wu
Published: August 2017

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal mechanism and reaction kinetics were mainly studied in the treatment of oilfield oily sewage containing polymer by three-dimensional electrode reactor. The results proved that the residual active oxides O3, H2O2, •OH and active chlorine in the system of electrochemical reaction could be effectively detected, and the COD removal mechanism was co-oxidation of active oxides; Under these experimental conditions: the electrolysis current of 6 A, surface/volume ratio of 6/25(cm2·L−1), the reaction time of 50 min, the CODcr of treated sewage was no more than 50 mg·L−1; the removal reaction of COD conformed to apparent second-order reaction kinetic model, the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9728, and the apparent reaction rate constant was k = 3.58 × 10−4 (L·min−1·mg−1·m−2). To reach the goal, the CODcr was no more than 50 mg·L−1 in treated sewage, and the theory minimum processing time was 45.73 min. The verification of experimental results was consistent with kinetic equations.
Isotopic fractionation of particulate organic matter and its biogeochemical implication in the littoral zone of Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Niu Yong , Yu Hui , Niu Yuan , Jiang Xia , Guo Xiaochun , Pang Yong , Xu Xiangyang
Published: August 2017

Signatures of stable isotope ratios have previously been used to trace the source and transport of particulate organic matter (POM) in freshwater and marine ecosystems. In this study, water columns were collected at 22 sites in the littoral zone of Lake Taihu in 2014 to investigate the distribution and concentration of nutrients and the stable isotope signatures of POM, and their potential interrelation. Generally, mean concentration of nitrogen forms (NH4+-N) showed substantial variation, probably because they had received large amounts of wastewater from various local industrial enterprises. Source analysis by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios showed that the main POM sources were phytoplankton. Contrasting correlations were obtained between δ15N and N concentrations in effluent river mouths when compared with influent river mouths. In effluent river mouths, there was a significant positive correlation between δ15N and nitrogen concentration (total nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen), in contrast with the negative correlation in influent river mouths. According to these results, more factors should be taken into consideration when stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of POM are used to assess the feeding relationship between consumers and prey, as well as the energy flow pathways that support the lake pelagic food webs.
Effect of High Strength Food Wastes on Anaerobic Codigestion of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Vaidya Ramola , Boardman Gregory D. , Novak John T. , Wimmer Robert , Hanna Michael
Published: August 2017

Anaerobic codigestion has been practiced at water resource recovery facilities to increase methane production, but the impact of many variables is still not well understood. In this study, the feasibility of codigesting fats, oils, and grease (FOG), and other high strength wastes (HSWs) with municipal sewage sludge was investigated. Four laboratory‐scale digesters were operated at a working volume of 9.75 L, 15 days solids retention time (SRT), and at a temperature of 37 °C. Wastes including whey (cheese), juice, grease trap waste (GTW), and dissolved air flotation waste (DAF), along with municipal sewage sludge, were fed to the digesters in varying amounts. The addition of HSWs led to higher methane production at lower organic loadings. However, at higher organic loadings, the GTW appeared to be toxic to methanogens, leading to a decrease in digester pH and biogas production, and an accumulation of volatile fatty acids within the digester.
Successful Treatment of a Pregnant Woman with Chronic Active Hepatitis B using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Takahashi Koji , Kanda Tatsuo ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Haga Yuki ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Sasaki Reina ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Nakamura Masato ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Wu Shuang ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Nakamoto Shingo ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Yasui Shin ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Kamezaki Hidehiro ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan, Yokosuka Osamu ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
Published: August 2017

(1) Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy occasionally raises concerns, including acute exacerbation and the potential for mother-to-child transmission.(2) Case Report: Here, we present a case of a female patient with a chronic HBV infection who was treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and had a normal pregnancy and delivery. Furthermore, the use of TDF, HBV vaccination and passive immunization of her child with hyperimmune hepatitis B immunoglobulin successfully prevented vertical transmission of HBV to her child.(3) Conclusions: Women with chronic active HBV infections who become pregnant may receive additional care and consideration such as the administration of TDF.
IN VITRO ANTIMYCOTIC EVALUATION AND PRELIMINARY COMBINATORIAL STUDIES OF IBUPROFEN WITH STANDARD ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS AGAINST ASPERGILLUS SPP.
Authors: Narwal Mrridula Dangi , Balhara Meenakshi , Chaudhary Renu , Chhillar Anil Kumar
Published: August 2017

Objective: The prevalence of invasive mycoses is increased in the immunocompromised patients with an increase in resistance developed againstcurrent antifungal drugs. This has led to the need for discovering novel combinations of the antifungal drugs to combat against resistant pathogenic spp.This study mainly targets to evaluate the antifungal activity of ibuprofen (IBU) alone and in combination with the standard antifungal drugs (polyenesand azoles) against eight isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger.Methods: The study was performed using the disc diffusion assay (DDA), microbroth dilution assay and spore germination inhibition assay. Moreover,cytotoxicity was checked by heamolytic assay.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of IBU against A. fumigatus and A. flavus using DDA is found to be in the range of 250-275 μg/disc while for A. niger isolates, the range was 500-575 μg/disc. Likewise, by broth microdilution assay and spore germination inhibitory assay, MICdetermined, were in the range of 500-750 μg/ml against A. fumigatus and A. flavus while for A. niger, it was 1000-1500 μg/ml.Conclusion: IBU demonstrated its antimycotic potential against all the eight isolates of Aspergillus spp. Moreover, preliminary combinatorialevaluation of IBU with the standard antifungal drugs reported by DDA revealed an increase in zone of inhibition as compared to the drugs alone.Further research regarding the confirmation of synergistic interaction between the selected drugs is in progress.
IN VITRO COMPARISON OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAVES WITH GENTAMYCIN, AMPICILLIN, NITROFURANTOIN, AND COTRIMOXAZOLE ON BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATIENTS
Authors: Jindal Meenakshi , S Chauhan
Published: August 2017

Objective: In vitro comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves with gentamycin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole in bacterial pathogens isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients.Methods: Ethanolic extract of neem leaves was prepared by the standard method. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria isolated from UTI patients was determined by agar well diffusion method and then mean zone of inhibition of neem extract was compared with a mean zone of inhibition of gentamycin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and cotrimoxazole.Results: Among 200 samples which were included in the study, bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (60%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%), Enterococcus faecalis (5%), Proteus mirabilis (3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (6%). The result obtained was statistically analyzed by unpaired t-test. The difference in the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition between ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves and nitrofurantoin was statistically highly significant for K. pneumoniae (p<0.0001) and P. mirabilis (p=0.01) and insignificant for other bacteria. On comparing, the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract of A. indica (neem) leaves with ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, it was found to be statistically highly significant for all bacteria E. coli (p<0.0001), K. pneumoniae (p<0.0001), P. aeruginosa (p<0.0001) E. faecalis (p<0.001), and S. aureus (p<0.0001) expect P. mirabilis. The mean diameter of the zone of inhibition of ethanolic extract of A. indica (neem) leaves when compared with gentamycin was statistically highly significant for all the bacteria.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves has antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves is comparable to nitrofurantoin for bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and S. aureus. Ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves has similar antibacterial activity as ampicillin and cotrimoxazole for bacteria P. mirabilis. The antibacterial activity of gentamycin is less as compared to an ethanolic extract of A. indica leaves for all the bacteria.
PHENETHYL ALCOHOL IS AN EFFECTIVE NON-TRADITIONAL PRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR COSMETIC PREPARATIONS
Authors: Sirilun Sasithorn , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Peerajan Sartjin , Kumar Naphatsorn , Periyanaina Kesika
Published: August 2017

Objective: Preservatives are used in the cosmetic products to protect the potential growth of microbes, therefore to prolong the shelf-life of products and to protect the consumer from infections. However several preservatives can cause various health problems, and the safety profiles of those preservatives are still unclear. Many natural substances are used in the cosmetic products to substitute the traditional preservatives. The present study deals with the evaluation of conservative nature of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) in three cosmetic formulations (emulsion, cleansing, and conditioner).Methods: Three different concentration of PEA (0.3, 1, and 2.5 %) were used in cosmetic formulations. The physical appearance of the formulas was assessed manually, and the antimicrobial nature of PEA and PEA-containing cosmetic formulations were evaluated by agar well plate assay. Results: The use of PEA has not affected the physical appearance, and quality of the formulations, except the high concentration of PEA in the cleansing solution, which reduced the foam formation. The minimal required concentration of PEA in emulsions and cleansings were 1.0% and 2.5% in the conditioners. All cosmetic preparations were subjected to antibacterial and antifungal evaluation. The alkaline pH (> 8) affected the antimicrobial activity of PEA in a cosmetic product.Conclusion: The results suggested that PEA is a potent non-traditional preservative for the cosmetic formulations especially in the emulsion, cleansing solutions, and conditioners.