bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mean and Variability of Lipid Measurements and Risk for Development of Subclinical Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Park Jiyun , Kang Mira , Ahn Jiyeon , Kim Min Young , Choi Min Sun , Lee You-Bin , Kim Gyuri , Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Jae Hyeon , Yang Jeong Hoon , Jin Sang-Man
Published: November 2021

Background: Subclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an emerging consequence of increased insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia is one of the few correctable risk factors of LVDD. This study evaluated the role of mean and visit-to-visit variability of lipid measurements in risk of LVDD in a healthy population.Methods: This was a 3.7-year (interquartile range, 2.1 to 4.9) longitudinal cohort study including 2,817 adults (median age 55 years) with left ventricular ejection fraction >50% who underwent an annual or biannual health screening between January 2008 and July 2016. The mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM), and average real variability of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apoB), non-HDL-C, and triglycerides were obtained from three to six measurements during the 5 years preceding the first echocardiogram.Results: Among the 2,817 patients, 560 (19.9%) developed LVDD. The mean of no component of lipid measurements was associated with risk of LVDD. CV (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.67), SD (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.57), and VIM (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.55) of LDL-C and all the variability parameters of apoB were significantly associated with development of LVDD. The association between CV-LDL and risk of LVDD did not have significant interaction with sex, increasing/decreasing trend at baseline, or use of stain and/or lipid-modifying agents.Conclusion: The variability of LDL-C and apoB, rather than their mean, was associated with risk for LVDD.
Factors causing stress in postgraduate dental students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Juneja Ruchi , Sikka Neha , Kumar Varun , Chahal Savita , Arora Mayank , Middha Mitali , Singhal Ruchi
Published: November 2021

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the academic and clinical training of postgraduate dental students. This study aimed to assess various factors causing psychological stress in them, and the extent of stress perception during pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 250 postgraduate students from nine dental colleges of Haryana and National Capital Region, India, responded to an online questionnaire sent electronically to them in September 2020, which included modified dental environment stress (DES) score, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and questions regarding COVID-associated stress (CAS). Students already diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder or having a history of any major adverse event during the last 6 months likely to affect their psychological health were excluded from this study. The data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test, Independent t-test, univariate ANOVA with post hoc tests, Pearson moment correlation, and multiple hierarchical regression tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

DES score was moderate for 48.8% and high for 34.4% of the participants. PSS was moderate for 69.2% and high for 18.8% of the participants. The most stressful factor in dental environment was the pattern of university examination, while the most stressful factor specific to COVID-19 was the fear of family members contracting the infection. PSS score was significantly higher in female participants. DES and CAS scores were significantly higher in students staying in hostels. Multiple hierarchical regression model depicted gender, mean health, and DES score as significant predictors of PSS.

Conclusion:

Postgraduate dental students reported the adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon their training and prospects as a reason for the increase in stress.
Drug release kinetics and biological properties of a novel local drug carrier system
Authors: Shafiei Farhad , Ghavami-Lahiji Mehrsima , Jafarzadeh Kashi Tahereh Sadat , Najafi Farhood
Published: November 2021

Background:

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity of a novel drug delivery system for treatment of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study addresses the fabrication of a polycaprolactone/alginic acid-based polymeric film loaded with metronidazole, as a basic drug in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Films were prepared by solvent casting technique. Four formulations with different percentages of drug by weight (3%, 5%, 9%, and 13%) were prepared. Drug release kinetics were investigated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy during (one week). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Cytotoxicity of drug-loaded system extracts was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using L929 cells after 24-h incubation. The results were evaluated according to ISO standard 10993-5 and assessed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:

All polymeric films showed a burst drug release followed by a gradual release. Drug release data were fitted well with the first-order kinetic model in all drug-containing formulations indicating that drug release is a fraction of remaining drug in the matrix. Drug release is mainly driven by diffusion of medium into the composite matrix. 3%wt metronidazole-containing formulation exhibited the best MTT result.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study supported the synthesis of drug-loaded periodontal films with 3% metronidazole due to better biological properties along with the ability of acceptable drug release to eradicate anaerobic periodontal bacteria.
Effect of curing method and thermocycling on flexural strength and microhardness of a new composite resin with alkaline filler
Authors: Bahari Mahmoud , Kahnamoui Mehdi Abed , Chaharom Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi , Kimyai Soodabeh , Sattari Zeinab
Published: November 2021

Background:

Cention N has been introduced as an alternative material for amalgam. The purpose was to investigate the flexural strength and microhardness of this material in self-cure and dual-cure modes before and after thermocycling.

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, 40 samples of Cention N were prepared in order to determine and compare the microhardness. Half of the samples were set by self-cure method and the other half with dual-cure method. The Vickers microhardness test was performed once after 24 h and again after 10000 thermocyclings. Three-point flexural test was used to determine and compare the flexural strength of 52 rod-shaped samples. Half of the samples were set by self-cure method and the other half with dual-cure method. Among 26 samples in each group, 13 samples were randomly selected and three-point flexural test was performed after 24 h and for another 13 samples after 10,000 thermocyclings. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and paired samples t-test (P < 0.05).

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of microhardness values in two curing methods (P < 0.001) and in two storage conditions (P < 0.001). The mean of dual-cure microhardness (100.99 ± 7.22) was higher than that of self-cure (64.61 ± 12.51) and the mean value associated with pre-thermocycling (89.75 ± 15.84) was higher than that of the post-thermocycling (76.44 ± 23.56). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean flexural strength in the two curing methods (self-cure [72.85 ± 16.26], dual cure [79.87 ± 23.07]; [P > 0.05]). However, the mean flexural strength without thermocycling (85.98 ± 21.74) was higher than that of the thermocycled group (64.24 ± 6.40) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The microhardness of Cention N in dual-cure mode was higher than that of self-cure mode, but the flexural strength of dual-cure was not significantly different from that of self-cure. Thermocycling had a significant effect on the microhardness and flexural strength.
Relationship between Perceived Chewing Ability, Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms among Completely Edentulous Individuals
Authors: Satishkumar C.S.C , Nair Sangeeta J. , Joseph Angel M. , Suresh Sushanthi , Muthupandian Indumathi , Kumaresan Sathya , Ashekhi Awad , Nadeem Gulrez
Published: November 2021

Background:

Edentulism affects the chewing ability of a person and can engender nutritional deficiencies which can affect the overall quality of life and depression.

Aim:

Our aim was to evaluate the association between perceived chewing ability, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and depressive symptoms among completely edentulous patients with and without dentures.

Settings and Design:

Institutional study and cross-sectional design.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study among 207 completely edentulous persons was conducted in South India. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, Beck's depression inventory, oral health impact profile-edentulous (OHIP-EDENT), age when edentate, chewing ability, and denture satisfaction. Further, denture status was clinically evaluated.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were summarised and analysed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Persons not using complete dentures (odds ratio [OR] =3.5, P < 0.05), who reported impaired chewing ability (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05), those who became edentate before 55 years (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05) and with poor denture status (OR = 6.2, P < 0.05) were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Lesser impact in relation to OHRQoL was found to be protective against depression among completely edentulous (OR = 0.24, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Depressive symptoms were associated with impaired chewing ability, higher impacts on OHIP-EDENT, and edentulous persons not using complete dentures. High priority must be given to enhance awareness towards oral rehabilitation among completely edentulous to reduce the chance of depression occurring due to impaired chewing ability and poor OHRQoL.
Oral Health Status and Self- Assessment of Oral Health Risk Factors Among South Indian Diabetic Patients
Authors: Madhuri Mukkavilli , Kulkarni Suhas , Doshi Dolar , Reddy Srikanth , Adepu Srilatha , Reddy Sahithi
Published: November 2021

Background:

The disease profile of the world is changing at an astonishingly fast rate. It is essential that the impending nature of chronic disease is recognized and acted on urgently. India leads the world with the largest number of diabetics earning the dubious distinction of being termed the “diabetic capital” of the world.

Aim:

To assess and compare the oral health status and related oral health risk factors among diabetic patients in Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

Settings:

A cross sectional study was carried out in various diagnostic centers among 801 patients aged 30 years and above.

Methods and Materials:

Oral health status and self-assessed data on related oral risk factors were measured using modified World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form and oral health questionnaire for adults 2013.

Statistical Analysis:

Comparison of mean scores of the variables based on gender was assessed using ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:

Females had higher proportion of untreated caries (362; 85%) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth; 375; 88%) compared to males. On the basis of loss of attachment, the mean number of sextants with no loss of attachment was mostly noted among female subjects.

Conclusion:

In the present study, though gingivitis was seen in higher percentage (82%), the presence of periodontal disease was relatively low (68.3%). It can be concluded that diabetic subjects may have poor oral health.
Green Tea Catechins showed Antibacterial Activity on Streptococcus Mutans –An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hattarki Sanjeevini A. , Bogar Chetana , Bhat Kishore G.
Published: November 2021

Background:

The main bacterial aetiological agents in caries formation are the α-haemolytic Streptococcal species Streptococcus mutans, which has been found to be the initiator of most dental caries. The leaves of Camellia sinensis known as green tea, has properties, such as antibacterial and anti-cariogenic. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) one of the most abundant catechins found in green tea is known to contribute to these effects.

Aim:

To evaluate the antibacterial effect of green tea catechins namely EGCG on S. mutans with two different methods at different concentrations.

Objectives:

1) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by disc diffusion test at concentrations of 100, 75, and 50 μg/mL. 2) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL.

Methodology:

Commercially available purest form of green tea polyphenol EGCG was used in the study. Disc diffusion test on agar medium and MIC test was used to determine the susceptibility of the S. mutans to green tea catechins EGCG.

Results:

The results of the agar well diffusion method showed that the EGCG extract has shown zones of inhibition against S. mutans at concentrations of 100 μg/mL (28.67 mm), 75 μg/mL (15.33 mm), 50 μg/mL (10.33 mm) while that of MIC test of EGCG extract of concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL against S. mutans shows that the mean MIC value was 1.07.

Conclusion:

Catechins in the tea are potentially anti-cariogenic agents which can reduce bacterial presence in the oral cavity and have the potential to be further used for the preparation of dentifrice and mouthwash.
Management of Marginal Tissue Recession using Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Prakash Priyanka
Published: November 2021

Background:

Marginal tissue recession leads to exposure of root surfaces of teeth resulting in root sensitivity, caries, or an unsightly appearance. Its management is carried out both by eliminating contributing factors as well as using surgical techniques. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a seond-generation platelet concentrate first described by Choukroun et al. in 2001. This case report is of a Millers Class II recession in 41 regions managed using PRF with a double pedicle flap.

Method:

A 25-year-old patient presented with gingival recession height of 5 mm, measured from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to gingival margin. The recession width was 3 mm at the CEJ and PD of 1 mm with respect to 41 region. There was no keratinized tissue apical to recession. However, adequate keratinized tissue was clinically present on either side of the recession defect wrt 41 region. A partial thickness double pedicle flap was raised wrt 41 region. PRF was prepared by centrifuging whole blood at 2,700 RPM for 12 min. The membrane was folded to create bulk and secured over the recession defect.

Results:

The patient was reviewed at regular intervals of 01, 06, months and 01 year postoperatively. Significant coverage of denuded root was achieved with good color match and relief from sensitivity. Results were stable one year postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Cases that present with a deep and wide recession are challenging to address owing to the extensive loss of keratinized tissue. In such cases, double pedicle flap can be carried out to augment gingiva by utilizing keratinized tissue adjacent to the defect site. Platelet concentrates like PRF contain platelet-derived growth factors that exhibit chemotactic and mitogenic properties that promote and modulate cellular functions involved in tissue healing, regeneration, and cell proliferation. PRF is an autologous biomaterial which may be used in root coverage procedures. Long-term studies with a larger sample size are required to establish PRF as a predictable method of gingival recession coverage.
Association between Mother'S Behaviour, Oral Health Literacy and Children'S Oral Health Outcomes
Authors: Sowmya KR , Puranik Manjunath P. , Aparna KS
Published: November 2021

Introduction:

Parents' infant and early childhood oral health knowledge is of paramount importance, because oral health behaviours are the exclusive domain of parents during the early years of life. Studies exploring the association between mother's behaviour, oral health literacy and children's oral health outcomes are scarce.

Aim:

To evaluate the association between mother's behaviour, oral health literacy and children's dental caries experience.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred pre-school children aged 2–6 years and their mothers from pre-schools in Bangalore, India. Data regarding their demographics, mother's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was collected through a questionnaire. Mother's oral health literacy was assessed with Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30) scale. Caries experience of the children was recorded using Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. Data was entered into excel sheet and analysed using statistical package for SPSS 22.0.

Results:

The mean KAP, REALD-30 and DMFT scores were 13.17 ± 4.57, 17.68 ± 5.85, 2.61 ± 2.21, respectively. In this study, REALD-30 score negatively correlated with DMFT score and positively correlated with KAP score. In a linear regression, KAP and REALD-30 scores showed a highly significant association with dental caries.

Conclusion:

Mother's behaviour and oral health literacy influenced caries experience of the children. Therefore, improving the behaviour and oral health literacy of the mothers is the key to influence child's oral health.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Mandible with Unusual Clinical Presentation
Authors: Verma Pradhuman , Muzammil  , Kaur Preneet , Al Asmari Dhafer S
Published: November 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is commonly seen malignant epithelial neoplasm of the oral cavity, which is characterized by variable clinical manifestations. It arises from dysplastic squamous epithelium. Majority of the spread of oral SCC (OSCC) to mandibular bone occurs by direct infiltration of the tumour through alveolar ridge or lingual cortical plate. Only 6% of the OSCC present with primary tumour; hence, a comprehensive whole body imaging needs to be done for ruling out primary tumour anywhere else in the body along with a proper clinical examination. Here, we present an unusual case of long-standing aggressive primary malignancy with unusual clinical presentation in mandibular anterior region associated with chronic tobacco chewing in a 65-year-old male patient.
Expression of Septin 2 and Her2/neu in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hanbuli Hala M. El , Amer Samar Ibrahim Ismail , Ibrahim Heba A.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease. Septin 2 belongs to the same class of GTPases as the RAS oncogenes influence the invasion and metastasis of many types of tumor cells. Furthermore, HER2/neu is involved in the tumor genesis and progression of various types of tumors. The role of both molecules is still questionable in CRC.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to examine the expression of septin 2 and Her2/neu in patients with CRC.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 2 groups; the first group consisted of 70 paraffin blocks for CRC patients and the second group was formed of 24 blocks from patients diagnosed as colorectal adenoma. For each adenoma and carcinoma case, a section was immunohistochemically stained using antihuman SEPT2 polyclonal antibody. For each carcinoma case, another section was immunostained using monoclonal anti-HER2/neu. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with the collected clinicopathologic data of the cases.

Results:

For the carcinoma patients, there was a significant association between SEPT2 staining intensity and histologic type (P = 0.001) and grade (P < 0.001), tumor T (P = 0.001) and N (P = 0.011) stages and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) and a significant association between Her2/neu immunoreactivity scores (IRSs) and histologic grade (P = 0.048), tumor T (P < 0.001) and N (P = 0.019) stages and the presence of perineural (P = 0.004) and lymphovascular (P = 0.003) invasion. In colonic adenoma patients, there was a significant relation between septin 2 IRSs and the grade of dysplasia in the adenoma (P < 0.001) and significant relation with its expression in carcinoma group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

A potential prognostic role of septin 2 and Her2/neu for patients with CRC is suggested as expression of both markers was associated with many important prognostic clinicopathologic variables in patients of CRC.
You can hear the shape of a billiard table: Symbolic dynamics and rigidity for flat surfaces
Authors: Duchin Moon , Erlandsson Viveka , Leininger Christopher J. , Sadanand Chandrika
Published: November 2021

We give a complete characterization of the relationship between the shape of a Euclidean polygon and the symbolic dynamics of its billiard flow. We prove that the only pairs of tables that can have the same bounce spectrum are right-angled tables that differ by an affine map. The main tool is a new theorem that establishes that a flat cone metric is completely determined by the
support
of its Liouville current.
Self-referential discs and the light bulb lemma
Authors: Gabai David
Published: November 2021

We show how self-referential discs in 4-manifolds lead to the construction of pairs of discs with a common geometrically dual sphere which are homotopic rel

\partial

, concordant and coincide near their boundaries, yet are not properly isotopic. This occurs in manifolds without 2-torsion in their fundamental group, e.g. the boundary connect sum of

S^2\times D^2

and

S^1\times B^3

, thereby exhibiting phenomena not seen with spheres. On the other hand we show that two such discs are isotopic rel

\partial

if the manifold is simply connected. We construct in

S^2\times D^2\natural S^1\times B^3

a properly embedded 3-ball properly homotopic to a

z_0\times B^3

but not properly isotopic to

z_0\times B^3

.
Filling random cycles
Authors: Manin Fedor
Published: November 2021

We compute the asymptotic behavior of the average-case filling volume for certain models of random Lipschitz cycles in the unit cube and sphere. For example, we estimate the minimal area of a Seifert surface for a model of random knots first studied by Millett. This is a generalization of the classical Ajtai–Komlós–Tusnády optimal matching theorem from combinatorial probability. The author hopes for applications to the topology of random links, random maps between spheres, and other models of random geometric objects.
An analog of the Krein–Milman theorem for certain non-compact convex sets
Authors: Elliott George A. , Li Zhiqiang , Zhao Xia
Published: November 2021

We make a contribution towards extending the remarkable Krein–Milman analog result of K. Thomsen and L. Li, in which a certain non-compact convex set is shown to be generated by its extreme points.
Induced map on $K$-theory for certain $\Gamma$-equivariant maps between Hilbert spaces
Authors: Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2021

Higson–Kasparov–Trout introduced an infinite-dimensional Clifford algebra of a Hilbert space, and verified Bott periodicity on

K

-theory. To develop an algebraic topology of maps between Hilbert spaces, in this paper we introduce an induced Hilbert Clifford algebra and construct an induced map between

K

-theory of the Higson–Kasparov–Trout Clifford algebra and the induced Clifford algebra. We also compute its

K

-group for some concrete case.
Relative geometric invariant theory
Authors: Schmitt Alexander H.W.
Published: November 2021

Relative geometric invariant theory is an invariant theory for equivariant projective morphisms between algebraic varieties endowed with an action of a reductive linear algebraic group. We will give brief accounts of the basic results of relative geometric invariant theory and present alternative proofs for recent results obtained by Halle, Hulek, and Zhang on the variation of quotients in relative geometric invariant theory.
Equivariant discretizations of diffusions, random walks, and harmonic functions
Authors: Ballmann Werner , Polymerakis Panagiotis
Published: November 2021

For covering spaces and properly discontinuous actions with compatible diffusion processes, we discuss Lyons–Sullivan discretizations of the processes and the associated function theory.
On the integration of transitive Lie algebroids
Authors: Meinrenken Eckhard
Published: November 2021

We revisit the problem of integrating Lie algebroids

A\Rightarrow M

to Lie groupoids

G\rightrightarrows M

, for the special case that the Lie algebroid

A

is
transitive
. We obtain a geometric explanation of the Crainic–Fernandes obstructions for this situation, and an explicit construction of the integration whenever these obstructions vanish. We also indicate an extension of this approach to regular Lie algebroids.
The Harish-Chandra integral: An introduction with examples
Authors: McSwiggen Colin
Published: November 2021

This expository paper introduces the theory of Harish-Chandra integrals, a family of special functions that express the integral of an exponential function over the adjoint orbits of a compact Lie group. Originally studied in the context of harmonic analysis on Lie algebras, Harish-Chandra integrals now have diverse applications in many areas of mathematics and physics. We review a number of these applications, present several different proofs of Harish- Chandra’s celebrated exact formula for the integrals, and give detailed derivations of the specific integral formulae for all compact classical groups. These notes are intended for mathematicians and physicists who are familiar with the basics of Lie groups and Lie algebras but who may not be specialists in representation theory or harmonic analysis.
Violence Against Healthcare: A Public Health Issue beyond Conflict Settings
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Pichierri Giuseppe , Farina Gabriele , Cegolon Luca , Abdelbaki Wiem
Published: November 2021

A 3-year analysis released in August 2021 by the WHO indicated that more than 700 healthcare workers and patients have died (2,000 injured) as a result of attacks against health facilities since 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic has made the risks even worse for doctors, nurses, and support staff, unfortunately. According to the latest figures from the International Committee of the Red Cross, 848 COVID-19-related violent incidents were recorded in 2020, and this is likely an underrepresentation of a much more widespread phenomenon. In response to rises in COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare, some countries have taken action. In Algeria, for instance, the penal code was amended to increase protection for healthcare workers against attacks and to punish individuals who damage health facilities. In the United Kingdom, the police, crime, sentencing, and courts bill proposed increased the maximum penalty from 12 months to 2 years in prison for anyone who assaults an emergency worker. Measures taken by countries represent a good practical way to counteract this crisis within COVID-19. However, we stress the importance of primary prevention with the use of communication: social media and other communication channels are fundamentally important to combat violence against health professionals, both to inform the population with quality data and to disseminate campaigns to prevent these acts.
Centrale syjonistyczne w Krakowie (1919–1939)
Authors: Jaworski Wojciech
Published: November 2021

Władze Organizacji Syjonistycznej Małopolski Zachodniej (od 1920 r. Organizacji Syjonistycznej Małopolski Zachodniej i Śląska) pełniły od 1919 r. rolę dzielnicowej centrali syjonistycznej w Krakowie. Obejmowała ona początkowo swym działaniem byłą Galicję Zachodnią po rzekę San na wschodzie. W 1920 r. obszar działania centrali powiększył się o część przyłączonego do Polski Śląska Cieszyńskiego, a w 1922 r. część Górnego Śląska. Początkowo skupiała ona wszystkie nurty żydowskiego ruchu narodowego z wyjątkiem partii robotniczej Poalej Syjon-Prawicy. Decydującą rolę w działalności centrali do 1936 r. odgrywał postępowy rabin Ozjasz Abraham Thon, choć od 1926 r. ulegała ona osłabieniu. W 1925 r. powstała samodzielna dzielnicowa struktura władzy ortodoksyjno-syjonistycznej partii Mizrachi, a w 1927 r. lewicowej Hitachduth, co dało początek odrębnym centralom. W 1926 r. ujawniła się w ramach Organizacji Syjonistycznej Małopolski Zachodniej i Śląska grupa syjonistów-rewizjonistów, która w 1931 r. przekształciła się w samodzielną partię z własną centralą dzielnicową. Wobec słabości obu partii lewicowych Hitachduth i Poalej Syjon-Prawicy w latach 1934–1936 nastąpiło ich połączenie.

Zionist headquarters in Krakow (1919–1939)

The authorities of the Zionist Organisation of Western Malopolska (from 1920 the Zionist Organisation of Western Malopolska and Silesia) fulfilled the role from 1919 of Zionist headquarters in Krakow. Initially, its activities covered the area of Western Galicia to the River San in the east. In 1920, the area of activity was enlarged to include the part of Cieszyn Silesia added to Poland, and in 1922 part of Upper Silesia. In the beginning, it focused on all Jewish national movements, with the exception of the Poalej Zion-Right workers’ party. Rabbi Abraham Ozjasz Thon played a central role in the activities of the headquarters until 1936, although after 1926 his position was weakened. In 1925, an independent regional leadership structure was established for the Mizrachi Orthodox-Zionist party, and in 1927 for the left-wing Hitachduth party, which led to the beginning of separate headquarters. In 1926, a group of Zionist-revisionists appeared within the Zionist Organisation of Western Malopolska and Silesia, which in 1931 transformed into an independent party with its own headquarters. Due to the weakness of both left-wing parties, Hitachduth and Poalej Zion-Right in the years 1934–1936, their merger took place.
Gelin Odalarının Müzelere Yansıması
Authors: HALAÇ Hicran Hanım , SAĞLAM DORUK Büşra
Published: November 2021

Türk konutu, avluları, mimari elemanları, yapım teknikleri, iç mekânları ve donatı elemanlarıyla kültürel birikimimizde varlık bulmuş bir oluşumdur. Binlerce yıllık kültürel birikimleriyle Anadolu’ya yerleşen farklı kültürel yapıdaki insanlar, yurt edindikleri bu topraklarda konut tipolojisinin oluşumunda etkili olmuşlardır. Gerek yaşadıkları bölgenin coğrafi özellikleri gerekse gelenek ve görenekler bu konut tipolojilerinin yapı taşlarını var etmektedir. Türk çadırından büyük ölçüde izler barındıran Anadolu konutu geleneksel aile yapısıyla birlikte şekillenmiş, konutun her bir odası bir ailenin ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Ailede evlenen çocuk için düzenlenen odalar ile birlikte Türk konutunda “gelin odaları” varlık bulmuştur. Çalışmada, çadırdan konuta gelin odalarının varlığı ve dönüşümü incelenerek, Türk konutunda gelin odalarının günümüzde tek karşılığı olan müzelerin tarihimizdeki gelin odalarını ne denli yansıttığının araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda gelin odası bulunan müzeler tespit edilmiş, müzelerde gelin odalarına ait unsurların varlığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiş gelin odalarının son temsilcisi olan müzelerin bu kültürel aktarımda nasıl konumlandığı tartışılmıştır.
La pena de muerte en la reflexión de la Teología Moral y en el Magisterio de la Iglesia
Authors: Martínez Guisasola José Manuel
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo pretende ser un recorrido diacrónico que ponga de manifiesto las distintas consideraciones y valoraciones morales que la Iglesia, a través del Magisterio, ha realizado con respecto a la cuestión de la pena de muerte, teniendo en cuenta para ello tanto los fundamentos históricos como los teológicos que han servido de basamento en la reflexión de la ética cristiana.
Pharmaceutical Law and Patent Law
Authors: A. Piria Carlo , A. Piria Carlo
Published: November 2021

The patent law and pharma laws and regulations need to be coordinated. The interpretative proposal of the author is that a patent claim aiming at protecting the invention as a medicinal product must necessarily be expressed using the appropriate terms provided for by the laws and regulations concerning the industrial medicinal product, such as “medicinal product” and “active substance”; otherwise the patent may not be considered as covering a “medicinal product” or an “active substance”. Moreover, as a consequence, the presentation of a product in a patent claim as a medicinal product or an active substance implies that the enforceability of such claim is conditioned upon the demonstration of the efficacy and safety of the product through the preparation and approval by the competent authorities of a dossier of pharmacological and clinical trials. The legal system taken into consideration by the author is the European one, but the interpretative proposal is, mutatis mutandis, applicable to other systems of law.
Teacher Strategy to Prevent Bullying for Special-Need Student in Inclusive School at Australian Independent School in Academic Year 2020
Authors: Ayu Juniarti Ni Luh , Dedik Susila I Komang
Published: November 2021

Peserta didik anak berkebutuhan khusus dekat dengan bullying bahkan di sekolah. Guru yang menangani anak berkebutuhan khusus harus memiliki suatu strategi untuk mencegah terjadinya bullying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dari strategi guru untuk mencegah bullying terhadap anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusi di Australian Independent School (AIS) pada tahun akademik 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif studi kasus pada strategi guru dalam mencegah bullying. Data diperoleh dari observasi, rekaman, dokumen, analisa dan wawancara. Data kemudian di analisis secara kualitatif dengan metode analisis dari Miles dan Huberman (1994). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru memberdayakan para peserta didik dengan pengetahuan dan akibat dari bullying melalui beberapa metode seperti management kelas, keterlibatan moral, promosi Up-stander dan By-stander, penghargaan, dan pelatihan terhadap staff. Penerapan strategi tersebut berkontribusi positif dalam pencegahan bullying di Australian Independent School (AIS).
DISKUALIFIKASI CALON KEPALA DAERAH TERPILIH SERTA PENYELESAIANNYA DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Mahardika Ahmad Gelora
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini  mengkaji fenomena dianulirnya kemenangan sejumlah pasangan calon pada pemilihan kepala daerah serentak tahun 2020 antara lain pasangan calon terpilih pada pemilihan kepala daerah Kota Bandar Lampung dan Kabupaten Sabu Raijua. Hal ini menjadi persoalan karena diskualifikasi yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) dan Mahkamah Konstitusi dilakukan ketika kedua pasangan calon tersebut telah memenangkan kontestasi pemilihan dengan suara yang signifikan. Putusan Bawaslu dan Mahkamah Konstitusi selayaknya berfungsi untuk memastikan bahwa suara rakyat betul-betul termanifestasikan dalam proses pemilihan. Oleh karena itulah opsi diskualifikasi pasangan calon selayaknya menjadi opsi terakhir. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji fungsi dan kewenangan Bawaslu dan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam melakukan diskualifikasi terhadap pasangan calon dalam sistem hukum pemilihan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan melakukan studi.komparasi.dengan.negara.lain terhadap kasus yang serupa meskipun berbeda konteksnya. Hal tersebut vital untuk dikaji, dikarenakan pada hakikatnya suara rakyat tidak boleh dinihilkan oleh putusan lembaga manapun. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sejumlah peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur terkait sebagai media analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah sejumlah regulasi yang terkait dengan pemilihan kepala daerah yang diperoleh melalui sumber-sumber resmi Pemerintah. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang peneliti peroleh adalah diskualifikasi calon kepala daerah terpilih berpotensi menihilkan demokrasi dan menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum, oleh karena itu diperlukan desain ideal dalam sistem hukum Indonesia manakala kejadian tersebut terulang kembali kedepannya.
Die Vermessung von Einzelzellen
Authors: Chang Hyun-Dong
Published: November 2021

Rudolf Virchow stellte 1858 mit seiner Veröffentlichung der Cellularpathologie das Konzept auf, dass Krankheiten auf der Störung von Zellen bzw. derer Funktionen beruhen. Viele Erkenntnisse in der Immunologie basieren auf der Untersuchung einzelner Zellen, angefangen mit der phänotypischen und funktionellen Beschreibung verschiedener Immunzellen durch Paul Ehrlich und Elias Metchnikov mittels der Mikroskopie bis zu der detaillierten molekularen Analyse des gesamten Transkriptoms einzelner Zellen. Heutzutage ermöglichen es uns eine Vielzahl verschiedener Technologien zur Einzelzellanalyse, Immunprozesse zu verfolgen und besser zu verstehen. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Technologien vorgestellt, mit ihren jeweiligen Facetten und zukünftigen Herausforderungen.
An unusual body colouration of Ceylon roughside snake (Aspidura ceylonensis)
Authors: Kandambi D. , Abeyrathna N. , De Silva D.S. , Karunarathna S.
Published: November 2021

The small sized, non-venomous, and fossorial colubrid snake genus Aspidura Wagler, 1830 is endemic to Sri Lanka. Aspidura ceylonensis (Günther, 1858) is rare and restricted to mid-elevation to montane and sub-montane forests at elevation of 500–1300 m a.s.l. in the Central Highlands and the Knuckles massif. It is found in cool and well-shaded forest areas, with thick moist leaflitter, woody debris, and loose soil. The usual adult body coloration on dorsum is dark reddish or dark orange, rarely yellowish, with a continuous black vertebral line and two rows of dorsolateral black spots along the body.
ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO DAS GREVES DOS CAMINHONEIROS DE 2018 E DO ANÚNCIO DE GREVES EM 2021 NO SETOR RODOVIÁRIO ACIONÁRIO
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Francisco Gildemir , Ferreira Julie Lima , Oliveira João Lucas de Castro
Published: November 2021

O setor rodoviário representa entorno de 61% da matriz de transporte no Brasil, acarretando que interrupções neste setor possam acarretar mudanças na decisão de investidores. Para verificar possíveis influências de choques exógenos nos retornos dos ativos financeiros do setor de transportes no Brasil, analisa-se o período de greve dos caminhoneiros de 2018 e do anúncio de greve de 2021 nas alterações nos retornos das empresas de transporte rodoviário negociados em bolsa. Realizaram-se duas análises separadas, uma utilizando os modelos GARCH para modelar a volatilidade dos retornos e outra utilizando os testes de Chow e Bai & Perron, para procurar quebras estruturais nos retornos dos ativos. As evidências encontradas sugerem que o evento de 2018 teve maior influência na volatilidade do setor com quebras estruturais pós greve. O evento de 2021 mostrou alteração mais sutil na volatilidade dos retornos e a quebra encontrada foi pós greve, provavelmente pela especulação da greve.
Study on Go Programming Language
Authors: Kumari B Jaishma , Shivraj  , Rakshith  , M Nisha
Published: November 2021

When developing software today, we still use old tools and ideas. Maybe it is time to start from scratch and try tools and languages that are more in line with how we actually want to develop software. The Go Programming Language was created at Google by a rather famous trio: Rob Pike, Ken Thompson and Robert Griesemer. Before introducing Go, the company suffered from their development process not scaling well due to slow builds, uncontrolled dependencies, hard to read code, poor documentation and so on. Go is set out to provide a solution for these issues. The purpose of this master’s thesis was to review the current state of the language. This is not only a study of the language itself but an investigation of the whole software development process using Go. The study was carried out from an embedded development perspective which includes an investigation of compilers and cross-compilation. We found that Go is exciting, fun to use and fulfills what is promised in many cases. However, we think the tools need some more time to mature.
ESTABELECIMENTO IN VITRO DE ZANTHOXYLUM TINGOASSUIBA: PLANTA NATIVA DO CERRADO MARANHENSE
Authors: Lima Mariana Costa , Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Morais Lúcio Rafael Rocha De , Albuquerque Irislene Souza , Figueiredo Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura De Assis
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Espécies do gênero Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) são conhecidas por apresentarem compostos químicas diversificados de elevado potencial farmacológico. Porém, apresentam dificuldades de propagação devido características recalcitrantes, justificando adotar técnicas de cultura de tecidos, como a micropropagação, para facilitar a propagação de Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba. Objetivos: Avaliar diferentes tipos de explantes, diferentes concentrações e tipos de reguladores de crescimento no desenvolvimento de protocolo para cultivo in vitro de Z.tingoassuiba. Material e Métodos: O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecido (CCA/UEMA). Como explantes, utilizaram-se sementes, provenientes da região Sul do Maranhão, no qual foram desinfestadas com Lysoform® (20 minutos), seguido de álcool etílico a 70% (2 minutos), hipoclorito de sódio (2% de cloro ativo) adicionando-se duas gotas de Tween® para cada 100mL (15 minutos), seguido de tríplice lavagem em água destilada autoclavada (2 minutos/cada). Após a desinfestação, realizou-se excisão nas sementes, para quebra da dormência física, com posterior inoculação em tudo de ensaio contendo 10mL de meio MS + sacarose (30g.L-1), mio-inositol (100mg.L-1), polivinilpirrolidona (PVP, 400mg.L-1), PPM® (1mL.L-1), glutamina (1g.L-1), arginina (1g.L-1), asparagina (500mg.L-1), e combinações de 6-benzilaminopurina (0, 7,5, 15, 22,5μM) com ácido naftalenoacético (0, 1, 2μM) solidificado com Phytagel® (1,8g.L-1) e pH ajustado para 5,7 antes de autoclavagem. O experimento foi conduzido em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, 12 tratamentos, seis repetições, cada uma com uma semente/tubo. Aos 50 dias foram avaliadas porcentagem de germinação e oxidação. Resultados: Para porcentagem de germinação foi possível observar destaque nos tratamentos MS + 0μM BAP + 1μM ANA (63,33%) e MS + 15μM BAP + 1μM ANA (63,33%), sendo superiores significativamente apenas quando comparado a MS + 15μM BAP + 2μM ANA (23,33%), MS + 15μM BAP + 0μM ANA (13,33%) e MS + 22,5μM BAP + 1μM ANA (3,33%). Para porcentagem de oxidação, a partir dos dez dias foi crescente, chegando a 43,40% aos 50 dias. Conclusão: O meio de cultura mais indicado para induzir a germinação foi MS + 0μM de BAP + 1μM de ANA e MS + 15μM de BAP + 1μM de ANA, porém, a oxidação ao longo da permanência em meio de cultura foi o maior desafio para alcançar sucesso pleno na micropropagação de Z.tingoassuiba.
TERPENOS E OUTROS COMPOSTOS DERIVADOS PRESENTES EM QUEIJOS
Authors: Resende Matheus Alex Araújo , Lima Rafaela Karin De
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O queijo é um rico produto alimentício que possuí diferentes voláteis em sua composição incluindo terpenóides. Visto a diversidade de produtos e de tipos desse alimento, a pesquisa buscou na literatura, artigos que utilizaram a Microextração em Fase Sólida acoplado a Cromatografia Gasosa (SPME-GC/MS) de queijos do tipo Minas Padrão, Minas Frescal, Coalho, Prato, Pecorino, Feta e Emmental no período de 2001 a 2021. Objetivo: Este resumo tem como objeto de estudo de terpenos e outros voláteis presentes nos queijos, buscando a análise de presença ou não destas moléculas em diferentes tipos de queijos com o objetivo de analisar como essas moléculas ajudam na particularidade dos aromas dos queijos. Material e Métodos: Os artigos para a revisão foram selecionados de acordo com sua relevância na plataforma Google Scholar dos últimos 20 anos, além da verificação do fator de impacto da revista da publicação. Assim, a base das palavras chaves utilizadas foram “Volatile compounds of cheeses”, “SPME analysis cheeses”, Minas chesses volatiles”, “Brazilian chesses volatiles” e “European cheeses volatile compunds”. Além de uma breve revisão da importância das moléculas voláteis e dos terpenos para os aromas presentes nos queijos, os artigos revisados também determinaram suas origens, que no caso dos terpenóides são relacionadas à alimentação dos ruminantes, de base vegetal. Também como método de identificação nas amostras, a Análise de Variância (ANOVA), o que permitiu uma interpretação dos compostos não somente qualitativamente, mas também quantitativamente. Resultados: Obteve-se uma tabela que apresenta voláteis identificados nos tipos de queijo em diversas amostras. Essa tabela se demonstrou útil para interpretar os diferentes tipos de queijo de acordo com os voláteis, incluindo terpenóides. Finalmente, tem-se uma breve discussão sobre pesquisas futuras nessa área e como os terpenos podem ser utilizados como marcadores moleculares nos tipos de queijos. Conclusão: Este trabalho mostra, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, que os compostos voláteis são um fator fundamental para o aroma e possuem uma grande diversidade de concentrações nos tipos de queijos estudados. Os resultados demonstraram a presença de diferentes moléculas de terpenos e outros voláteis, o que pode gerar sabores típicos de cada tipo de queijo.
DINÂMICAS INSTITUCIONAIS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MECANISMOS DE E-PARTICIPAÇÃO NOS LEGISLATIVOS NO BRASIL E NO REINO UNIDO
Authors: Mitozo Isabele Batista
Published: November 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo compreender o papel dos setores técnicos nas casas legislativas quanto ao desenvolvimento de ferramentas de e-Participação. A análise é um estudo de caso realizado com duas casas nacionais, a Câmara dos Deputados brasileira e a Casa dos Comuns britânica, a partir de observação em campo e entrevistas com os agentes envolvidos na construção de projetos institucionais online para engajamento público. Como resultados, percebe-se que há uma constante participação de atores externos às casas legislativas contribuindo com o desenvolvimento de inovações digitais para e-Participação, expertise e atualização das equipes que trabalham com esse processo de modernização, que reconhecem a velocidade das mudanças no mundo e acreditam que desenvolver mecanismos para engajamento público online é abrir um canal necessário entre o parlamento e os representados. Por fim, conclui-se que a integração entre setores é um dos pontos essenciais para o sucesso dessas iniciativas, já que abririam portas a uma melhor divulgação e observação múltipla acerca dos problemas a serem superados.
Chronic bladder diseases: overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Yoon Hana
Published: November 2021

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) are debilitatingchronic bladder diseases that affect patients’ quality of life. Their etiologies and clinical phenotypes vary, and management strategies should be selected after excluding the possibilities of other pathological conditions with careful consideration of a multidisciplinary integrated approach to ensure optimal success.Current Concepts: OAB is a symptom complex characterized by urinary urgency and frequency and nocturia with or without urge incontinence, and its key symptom is urinary urgency. IC/BPS has symptoms similar to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with OAB but also has distinctly different symptoms, including the key symptom of an unpleasant sensation or pain perceived to be related to the urinary bladder associated with LUTS. Recent studies have revealed that these key symptoms of OAB or IC/BPS are also observed in some patients with other diseases. Patients showing no evidence of bacterial infection on urine culture and experiencing LUTS or pain for more than 6 weeks should be considered as having OAB or IC/BPS. Treatment strategies for OAB and IC/BPS focus on managing LUTS and bothersome pain. Noninvasive management should be considered initially, whereas surgical options should be considered only after conservative treatment failure.Discussion and Conclusion: OAB and IC/BPS symptoms overlap considerably in many patients. A more accurate differentiation of symptoms, including LUTS, would help achieve better treatment outcomes.