bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart hydroponic greenhouse enhanced with the application of the internet of things
Authors: Sriman B , Basha Anwar H , Nithya Sampath , Silviya Annie S H , Mani Vanitha R , Varadarajan Vijayakumar
Published: November 2024

Rapid population growth and the urbanisation of agricultural areas to meet society's industrial and housing demands, have reduced the amount of land available for cultivation. Modern research has shown that the production of crops can be exponentially increased by providing the optimum conditions and essential nutrients, which differ for each type of crop. Seasonal crops that can only be grown during a particular time of the year can now be grown at any time. It has been shown
that storing produce over a long period of time leads to a loss in the nutritional value of the food. Hence producing seasonal crops throughout the year can be achieved by creating a controlled environment. Hydroponics is a soilless method of
growing plants, where nutrients are delivered to the plants via a water-based solution. In these systems, various aspects of the plant growth process, such as nutrient delivery, lighting, and temperature control, are managed by computerized systems. An automated hydroponic greenhouse with a nutrient monitoring system combines hydroponics with the IoT to create a smart, automated growing environment. One of the main benefits of using the IoT in automated hydroponics is the ability to collect and analyse data in real time. Hydroponic systems with IoT capabilities can be controlled and monitored via smartphones and computers. Producers may use the IoT to receive notifications on their mobile devices about potential issues such as low nutrient levels or pH imbalances, allowing them to take quick action to resolve the issue. This study describes an automated hydroponic greenhouse system that uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and regulate the plant growing environment. To automate the greenhouse's environmental control and fertilizer supply systems, the system incorporates numerous sensors, controllers, and actuators.
EDUKASI PENYULUHAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) PADA MURID KELAS 6 SDN KAUMAN 2 KOTA MALANG
Authors: Ramadhani Abdillah
Published: November 2024

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) adalah kebiasaan yang dilakukan secara sadar untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan individu dan masyarakat. Program PHBS yang diprakarsai oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia bertujuan untuk mendorong perilaku hidup sehat guna mencegah penyakit. Penelitian ini fokus pada penerapan PHBS di lingkungan sekolah, khususnya di SD Kauman 3 Kota Malang, dengan penekanan pada praktik cuci tangan menggunakan sabun di air mengalir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dengan tahapan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Tim peneliti terdiri dari dosen dan mahasiswa yang memberikan materi dan pemaksaan mengenai PHBS, diikuti dengan praktik langsung oleh siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa sangat antusias dan memahami pentingnya cuci tangan yang benar. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam peningkatan kesadaran dan perilaku hidup.
HIV Treatment at IDWeek 2024
Authors: Policar Maurice
Published: November 2024

AT IDWeek 2024, held in Los Angeles, California, researchers converged from across the world to discuss the latest research surrounding HIV prevention and the most effective treatment for people with HIV (PWH).
COVID-19 news in China and the UK: a corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis of China Daily and The Times
Authors: Yu Yaan , Brookes Gavin
Published: November 2024

This study compares the coverage of the covid-19 pandemic in two daily national newspapers published in China and the UK: China Daily and The Times. Taking a corpus-based approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, we identify significant differences that reflect the distinct cultural, socio-political, and institutional contexts in which these newspapers operate. The Times is found to focus on the impacts of the pandemic on ordinary people, as well as their dissatisfaction with the UK government's handling of the crisis, employing direct quotes both from ordinary citizens and scientific experts (e.g., to critique governmental responses). Conversely, China Daily foregrounds, and positively appraises, the leadership of President Xi Jinping and the Communist Party of China, focussing on their efforts in managing the health-related and economic impacts of the pandemic. This newspaper also highlights China's role in domestic and international covid-19 responses, as well as its support for global economic recovery, particularly in Africa. China Daily also negatively portrays the United States’ response to the pandemic – reflecting the newspaper's broader critical stance towards capitalism and the US in particular. The findings thus demonstrate the influence of cultural, socio-political and institutional factors on media representations of public health issues.
Políticas públicas para generar trabajo decente en las organizaciones de recicladores de oficio en Colombia
Authors: Vega Galindo Favio Alexander , Pérez Pinilla Jhon Wilson , Rua Castañeda Sohely , Santafé Salazar César Augusto
Published: November 2024

Las democracias en América Latina tienen la responsabilidad de garantizar amparo, restitución y promoción de los derechos humanos; por ello las políticas públicas deben impulsar condiciones reales de calidad de vida. También es característico de la región la economía informal, donde el trabajo y los ingresos son autogestionados individual o colectivamente, pero se presenta como un desafío para el estado encontrar formas de promoción de estas economías para garantizar los derechos, ante la crisis del trabajo asalariado. En esta investigación se concreta este desafío en el análisis de cómo la intersección entre políticas públicas pueden constituirse en dinamizadores de condiciones de trabajo decente en las organizaciones de recicladores de oficio en Colombia. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica e indagación directa con líderes se construye una visión analítica y crítica mostrando los desafíos de articulación entre economía circular, economía solidaria y políticas de trabajo decente.
Evaluación del Impacto Social en Proyectos de Igualdad de Género: Desafíos y Limitaciones del Análisis SROI
Authors: Abad-Itoiz Nerea , Solórzano-García Marta
Published: November 2024

La medición del impacto social constituye un proceso clave para las empresas sociales. Sin embargo, estas organizaciones siguen enfrentándose en la actualidad a numerosas dificultades para evaluar sus impactos. En efecto, medir el impacto social generado supone una tarea compleja, que todavía plantea múltiples retos. Conocer las limitaciones asociadas a los modelos de medición existentes puede ayudar a mejorar y simplificar estos procesos. Así pues, el objetivo de esta investigación es evidenciar, a través del análisis de once proyectos reales que promueven la igualdad de género en distintos ámbitos, las limitaciones de la metodología SROI (Retorno Social de la Inversión). Este estudio refuerza, desde un enfoque práctico, la corriente de la comunidad científica que señala las dificultades en la atribución de valor monetario al impacto social mediante el SROI. Los resultados revelan la ausencia de criterios uniformes, la subjetividad del método y una ruptura de causalidad en el proceso. Además, muestran la complejidad de la aplicación de este análisis. Se discuten todas las deficiencias halladas y se proponen mejoras para que el SROI pueda ser utilizado globalmente como una herramienta óptima de medición del impacto social.
Development a risk prediction nomogram for multidrug−resistant bacterial and fungal infection in gastrointestinal fistula patients during the perioperative period
Authors: Yin Mingming , Zheng Haoyi , Xu Lifeng , Jin Rong , Wang Xiangyang , Man Yi , Xu Kai , Ruan Qiang , Wang Ting , Guo Kai , Zhou Zheng , Wu Wenyong , Gu Guosheng
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aims to develop a risk prediction model for multidrug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections in patients with gastrointestinal fistulas during the perioperative period.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2022 to July 2024. We analyzed the distribution, resistance patterns, and mechanisms of multidrug resistance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors. A nomogram was constructed based on these risk factors, and its performance was evaluated using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

A total of 266 patients were included, with 157 (59.02%) testing positive for multidrug-resistant infections. We isolated 329 pathogenic strains: 84 Gram-positive (25.53%), 215 Gram-negative (65.35%), and 30 fungal strains (9.11%). The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (57 strains, 17.33%). Patients were divided into a training cohort (n = 177) and a validation cohort (n = 89). Multivariate analysis identified six key indicators: secondary surgery, length of hospital stay, preoperative white blood cell (WBC) count, preoperative neutrophil count, postoperative WBC count, and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The nomogram demonstrated excellent predictive ability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905 in the training cohort and 0.793 in the validation cohort. Calibration curves indicated high consistency between predicted probabilities and observed values. DCA confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusion

Our study shows that multidrug-resistant infections in patients with gastrointestinal fistulas are predominantly caused by Gram-negative bacilli, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Key risk factors include secondary surgery and various blood count parameters. The developed nomogram provides robust predictive accuracy, aiding healthcare providers in implementing targeted infection prevention strategies.
Exploring the use of generative AI for material texturing in 3D interior design spaces
Authors: Gallega Rgee Wharlo , Sumi Yasuyuki
Published: November 2024

Material selection is important yet difficult in interior design, as designers need to consider technical factors beyond aesthetics, such as maintenance, sustainability, and costs that are often considered in later stages of the design process. As a result, making design changes due to unanticipated technical constraints in the later stages can be costly. We attempt to approach this problem by anticipating these as early as the conceptualization stage, where designers model and assign textures to their 3D scenes. To this end, our study explores the use of generative AI tools, namely ChatGPT and DALLE-2, in both texturing 3D scenes and selecting materials for interior design projects. Through a prototype, we evaluated the generative AI tools by conducting a user study with professional designers and students (n = 11). Based on creativity support (CSI), participants averaged a score of 72.82/100, while in task load (NASA-TLX), they scored 47.36/100. Based on qualitative feedback, designers could easily search and explore textures and materials while also receiving informative and contextually relevant suggestions on materials and colors from ChatGPT. However, these tools can be improved by fine-tuning on domain-specific datasets. Lastly, we analyze how designers interacted with these tools and reflect on how they can benefit from using generative AI in texturing and material selection in the interior design process.
Efficacy of IVUS-guided stent implantation in patients with complex CAD: a meta-analysis based on RCTs
Authors: Xu Anyi , Wang Dongying , Chen Bangsheng , Song Siyue , Zhang Qiufeng , Zhu Zuokun , Dai Min , Wang Chenyi
Published: November 2024

Background

This study is to investigate the efficacy of stent implantation in patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD) under intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance and non-IVUS guidance.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochran, and Embase for the articles of IVUS-guided and non-IVUS-guided stent implantation in patients with complex CAD and reported related outcomes. We included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death and other outcome indicators. Relative ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 5,173 subjects were included in 6 randomized control trials. The results showed that the incidence of MACE (RR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49–0.82, P < 0.001), cardiac death (RR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44–0.85, P = 0.004), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (P = 0.01), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (P = 0.03) and stent thrombosis (ST) (P = 0.002) in the experimental group (IVUS-guidance) was lower than that in the control group (non-IVUS-guidance). However, no statistical difference was observed between the both groups in the incidence of MI (P = 0.13) and all-cause death (P = 0.41).

Conclusions

Compared with the non-IVUS-guided group, IVUS-guided stent implantation may be more effective for patients with complex CAD.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO [CRD42024531366].
The effect of trans-theoretical model stage-matched intervention on medication adherence in hypertensive patients
Authors: Saeidi Kamran , Ghavami Tina , Shahsavari Soodeh , Siabani Soraya , Rajati Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Hypertension is a chronic condition that requires active patient management and awareness of treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program grounded in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change for improving treatment adherence among hypertensive patients.

Materials and methods

This study conducted at the Nukan Comprehensive Rural Health Center in Kermanshah, Iran, 120 participants were selected according to specific inclusion criteria. Demographic data and responses to 20 hypertension-related behavior questions were collected via a questionnaire. Participants were categorized into non-adherence (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation stages) and adherence categories (action and maintenance stages) based on self-reported medication adherence, with 60 individuals in each group. Each group was then randomly divided into intervention and control subgroups. The educational intervention consisted of four 45 min sessions grounded in TTM constructs regarding to health-related behaviors including Physical activity, salt and oil intake, and fruit and vegetable consumption, and medication adherence. Three months post-intervention, a follow-up questionnaire evaluated the educational impact on treatment adherence. The McNemar test and Chi-square test were utilized to analyze effects across the intervention, control, and pre- and post-intervention groups.

Results

The participants had a mean age of 58.09 years (SD = 11.85). Three months after the intervention, the non-adherence intervention group showed significant progress in transitioning to the action and maintenance stages across all physical activity behaviors, as well as in salt, oil, fruit and vegetable intake, and medication adherence (P < 0.005). In the adherence intervention group, after the intervention, the number of hypertensive patients who fell into the action and maintenance categories according to all lifestyle variables increased, but the change was not significant. Concerning blood pressure, the intervention group had a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure (142.88 ± 20.87 vs. 141.00 ± 18.52; p = 0.015), but the decrease in mean diastolic blood pressure was not significant (88.17 ± 10.30 vs. 87.58 ± 9.70; p = 0.154). No significant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure were observed in the control or in intervention groups within the adherence category.

Conclusion

This research highlights the potential benefits of applying the TTM to tailor interventions for hypertensive patients with poor treatment adherence, suggesting that such an approach can enhance the efficacy of health education interventions.
Poor bone health in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a multifactorial problem beyond corticosteroids and loss of ambulation
Authors: Hurley-Novatny Amelia , Chang David , Murakami Katsuhiro , Wang Ling , Li Hongshuai
Published: November 2024

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, fatal muscle wasting disease caused by X-linked mutations in the dystrophin gene. Alongside the characteristic muscle weakness, patients face a myriad of skeletal complications, including osteoporosis/osteopenia, high susceptibility to vertebral and long bone fractures, fat embolism post-fracture, scoliosis, and growth retardation. Those skeletal abnormalities significantly compromise quality of life and are sometimes life-threatening. These issues were traditionally attributed to loss of ambulation and chronic corticosteroid use, but recent investigations have unveiled a more intricate etiology. Factors such as vitamin D deficiency, hormonal imbalances, systemic inflammation, myokine release from dystrophic muscle, and vascular dysfunction are emerging as significant contributors as well. This expanded understanding illuminates the multifaceted pathogenesis underlying skeletal issues in DMD. Present therapeutic options are limited and lack specificity. Advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of bone complications in DMD will offer promising avenues for novel treatment modalities. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of factors contributing to bone problems in DMD and delineate contemporary and prospective multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches.
Serum uric acid and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Fan Jia , Wang Dongxu
Published: November 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by over 5% hepatic fat accumulation without secondary causes. The prevalence of NAFLD has escalated in recent years due to shifts in dietary patterns and socioeconomic status, making it the most prevalent chronic liver disease and a significant public health concern globally. Serum uric acid (SUA) serves as the end product of purine metabolism in the body and is intricately linked to metabolic syndrome. Elevated SUA levels have been identified as an independent risk factor for the incidence and progression of NAFLD. This paper reviews the relationship between SUA and NAFLD, the underlying mechanisms of SUA involved in NAFLD, and the potential benefits of SUA-lowering therapy in treating NAFLD. The aim is to raise awareness of SUA management in patients with NAFLD, and to encourage further investigation into pharmacological interventions in this area.
Association between waist circumference or weight change after smoking cessation and incidence of cardiovascular disease or all-cause death in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lee Heajung , Shin Jaeyong , Choi Jae Woo
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the association among smoking cessation, weight or waist circumference change post-cessation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or all-cause death among patients with type 2 Diabetes (T2D).

Materials and methods

This retrospective cohort study included 32,142 patients with T2D classified according to changes in smoking status, post-cessation weight, and waist circumference. Especially for recent or long-term quitters, participants who changed from current to none/former smoker or from non-smoker to former smoker were defined as recent quitters, and those who changed from former to none/former smoker were defined as long-term quitters. CVD or all-cause death risk was evaluated.

Results

A total of 5,845 participants were newly diagnosed with CVD, and 3,723 died during follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with current smokers, the hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–1.03), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74–0.90), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75–0.90) for recent quitters, long-term quitters, non-smokers, respectively; 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78–0.99), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57–0.81), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.67–1.00) for long-term quitters with no waist circumference gain, long-term quitters with waist circumference gain of 0.1–5.0 cm, and long-term quitters with waist circumference gain ≥5.0 cm, respectively; and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.89), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74–0.98), and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.60–1.17) for long-term quitters with no weight gain, long-term quitters with weight gain of 2–5 kg, and long-term quitters with weight gain ≥5 kg, respectively. Similar associations were observed for all-cause death.

Conclusions

Patients with T2D should maintain their weight and waist circumference after long-term smoking cessation to prevent CVD. It is more important for them to maintain weight rather than waist circumference to prevent all-cause death.
Body composition and perceived stress levels in transgender individuals after one year of gender affirming hormone therapy
Authors: Ceolin Chiara , Scala Alberto , Scagnet Bianca , Citron Anna , Vilona Federica , De Rui Marina , Miscioscia Marina , Camozzi Valentina , Ferlin Alberto , Sergi Giuseppe , Garolla Andrea ,   the GIIG group
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Higher stress levels are linked to increased body fat and decreased bone density, effects that can be exacerbated by lifestyle choices. This is particularly relevant for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, who often face additional stress from transphobia and social stigma. However, there is limited research on how stress affects body composition and bone health in TGD individuals, particularly in relation to gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). This study examines the impact of perceived stress on these factors in TGD individuals before and after one year of GAHT, compared to a cisgender control group.

Methods

The study assessed 181 individuals, including 74 TGD participants (44 assigned female at birth [AFAB] and 30 assigned male at birth [AMAB]) and 107 controls (56 AFAB and 51 AMAB). Fifty-seven TGD participants completed follow-up one year after starting GAHT. Data collected included clinical history, blood tests, body composition, bone density, and quality of life assessments (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]).

Results

After one year of GAHT, TGD AFAB individuals showed a bone mineral density (BMD) similar to cisgender AMAB individuals, while TGD AMAB individuals’ BMD remained significantly lower than cisgender controls. TGD AFAB individuals experienced increases in muscle strength (+8% from baseline), while TGD AMAB individuals showed a 24% increase in fat mass from baseline and an approximate 8% reduction in lean mass. PSS and PHQ scores, initially higher in TGD individuals, did not change significantly after one year of GAHT. A significant correlation was found between body fat percentage and PHQ and PSS scores at baseline and one year after GAHT, respectively.

Discussion

These findings reveal a complex relationship between GAHT, body composition, and perceived stress in TGD individuals, highlighting the need for further research on stress and health outcomes in this population.
Application of next-generation sequencing in the detection of transgenic crop
Authors: He Shitian , Fan Yueyuan , Tao Shaomin , Zhang Yanxia , Yin Chuanlin , Yu Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of transgenic technology and the increasing prevalence of genetically modified (GMO) crops, incidents such as illegal importation, environmental contamination, and safety concerns associated with GMOs have risen significantly in recent years. Consequently, there is a growing demand for more advanced methods of GMO crop detection. Traditional molecular detection techniques, which rely on nucleic acids or proteins, are becoming less effective due to the increasing complexity of GMO crop genomes. In contrast, detection technologies based on second- and third-generation high-throughput sequencing offer promising solutions to these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in GMO crop detection technologies, categorizing and describing various approaches, and comparing their respective strengths and limitations. The article emphasizes the current state, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of high-throughput sequencing in GMO detection, aiming to guide further research and development in this field.
Addressing inequities in research for early to mid-career women scientists in low- and middle-income countries: “Supporting Women in Science” programme
Authors: Das Jai K. , Raza Masooma , Padhani Zahra Ali , Hussain Narjis Fatima , Villar Jose , Kennedy Stephen , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The gender disparities and inequities faced by women in academia are widespread, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The scholarly output of women scientists remains significantly lower than that of men due to limited opportunities. This widening gap has significant implications for policy-making and prioritizing agendas. The Supporting Women in Science (SWIS) programme aims to address these barriers by enhancing research capacity among early- and mid-career women scientists from LMIC regions such as South-Central Asia and East Africa, in bespoke areas of health and health-related sustainable development goals (HHSDGs).

Methods

The SWIS programme utilizes online and distance learning with a self-paced approach. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis, through a pre-defined eligibility criterion. Phase I involves online self-learning courses covering a core and elective curriculum over 6 months which is then evaluated in Phase II. Eligible candidates then move to Phase III, a mentored fellowship where they develop research proposals and receive funding for research project development, implementation, and evaluation. The rigorous reporting and monitoring mechanisms track compliance and progress. The online format, offered at no cost, enhances program accessibility, particularly in the post-COVID era. Additionally, SWIS prioritizes mentorship by selecting experienced professionals with strong research backgrounds and mentorship skills to guide participants. The programme evaluation will be based on selected success metrics including program completion ratio, funding opportunities availed by the participants, and generated scholarly output and presentations at key events.

Discussion and conclusion

Securing grant funding is pivotal for career advancement, yet women applicants face greater challenges as compared to men. The SWIS programme not only equips participants with knowledge and skills but also facilitates practical application through a simulated process, enabling participants to pursue future funding opportunities. Capacity-building initiatives like SWIS are crucial interventions to empower women scientists, foster equitable representation in academia, and create inclusive research environments and the programme acts as a steppingstone for future global leaders.
PACAP/PAC1 regulation in cystitis rats: induction of bladder inflammation cascade leading to bladder dysfunction
Authors: Ke Hanwei , Zhu Lin , Zhang Weiyu , Wang Huanrui , Ding Zehua , Su Dongyu , Wang Qi , Xu Kexin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic and debilitating condition marked by bladder pain, urinary urgency, and frequency. The pathophysiology of IC/BPS remains poorly understood, with limited therapeutic options available. The role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1 in IC/BPS has not been thoroughly investigated, despite their potential involvement in inflammation and sensory dysfunction. This study aims to examine the expression and functional role of the PACAP/PAC1 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of IC/BPS.

Methods

Bladder tissue samples from IC/BPS patients and a rat model of cystitis were analyzed to evaluate PACAP and PAC1 expression. Transcriptomic analysis, immunohistochemistry, and bladder function assays were employed to assess the correlation between PACAP/PAC1 activation, bladder inflammation, and sensory dysfunction. Additionally, modulation of the PACAP/PAC1 pathway was tested in rats to determine its effects on bladder inflammation and function.

Results

Our results demonstrate significant upregulation of PACAP and PAC1 in both human bladder tissues from IC/BPS patients and in the rat cystitis model. This upregulation was associated with increased bladder inflammation and sensory dysfunction. Intervention with PACAP/PAC1 pathway modulation in rats resulted in a marked reduction in bladder inflammation and improvement in bladder function, suggesting the pathway’s pivotal role in disease progression.

Discussion

The findings provide compelling evidence that the PACAP/PAC1 pathway is involved in the inflammatory and sensory changes observed in IC/BPS. By targeting this signaling pathway, we may offer a novel therapeutic approach to mitigate the symptoms of IC/BPS. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving IC/BPS and opens avenues for the development of targeted treatments.
Vascular endothelial growth factor as a potential biomarker in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Mangoni Arduino A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic autoimmune condition, is characterized by microvascular dysfunction, ineffective angiogenesis, and fibrosis. The identification of robust biomarkers reflecting these processes may assist in clinical management and lead to the discovery of new therapies. We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating one such biomarker, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in SSc patients and healthy controls and in SSc patients with localized or diffuse disease, different video capillaroscopy patterns (early, active, or late), and presence or absence of complications.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 15 May 2024. We assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the JBI checklist for analytical studies and GRADE, respectively.

Results

In 42 eligible studies, compared to controls, patients with SSc had significantly higher plasma or serum VEGF concentrations (standard mean difference, SMD=0.93, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.15, p<0.001; moderate certainty). In further analyses, VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in SSc patients with diffused disease than those with localized disease (SMD=0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.59, p=0.046; very low certainty), in patients with late vs. active video capillaroscopy pattern (SMD=0.35, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.61, p=0.008; very low certainty), and in patients with pulmonary hypertension than those without (SMD=0.93, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.53, p=0.002; very low certainty). By contrast, no significant differences were observed between SSc patients with and without digital ulcers, interstitial lung disease, and telangiectasias, whereas limited evidence was available for alveolitis. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis of studies investigating VEGF in SSc patients and controls showed no significant associations between the effects size and various patient and study characteristics, including SSc duration and use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressors and vasodilators. By contrast, significant associations were observed with the geographical location where the study was conducted.

Discussion

The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VEGF can be useful in the assessment and management of SSc and in the identification of novel therapeutic strategies in this patient group.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42024552925.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia increases the 3-months mortality of anti-MDA5-antibody-positive dermatomyositis patients
Authors: Gao Congcong , Wei Gaohui , Zhang Chunyi , Wang Chenqiong , Li Chaoying , Li Ruxu , Su Zhaohui , Zheng Zhaohui
Published: November 2024

Background

Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5+DM) patients are associated with considerable mortality, and opportunistic infections including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)is the main cause. This study was to identify clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognostic factors of PJP diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in anti-MDA5+ DM patients.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, all patients admitted with suspected pneumonia were detected for mNGS in BALF. The demographics, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and treatments of the patients were compared and analyzed in both groups to identify the potential risk factors for PJP and death via Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively.

Results

Overall, 92 patients were included in this study, 46(50.0%) were defined as PJP+ group, and the other 46 (50.0%) as PJP- group, and 31(67.4%) PJP occurred in the first 3 months. Increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CRP were independent risk factors for PJP occurrence, while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) prophylaxis was an independent protective factor (all p<0.05). The three-months mortality rate was higher in the PJP+ group compared to PJP- group (43.5% vs 23.9%, p=0.047). Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) was a main predictor of mortality in anti-MDA5+DM patients with PJP, whereas glucocorticoid use was a significant protective factor.

Conclusions

PJP has high prevalence and mortality in anti-MDA5+DM, while TMP/SMZ prophylaxis significantly reduces PJP risk. Mortality in PJP+ patients is primarily concentrated within the first 3 months, associated with RPILD. Early intervention with corticosteroids and prophylactic measures are crucial in reducing mortality.
Mucosal vaccination with outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella pertussis reduces nasal bacterial colonization after experimental infection
Authors: Rudi E. , Gaillard E. , Bottero D. , Ebensen T. , Guzman C. A. , Hozbor Daniela
Published: November 2024

Introduction

We previously identified Bordetella pertussis-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a promising immunogen for improving pertussis vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of our vaccine prototype in immunization strategies aimed at reducing disease transmission by targeting colonization in the upper airways while maintaining protection against severe disease by reducing colonization in the lower respiratory tract.

Methods

We assessed different mucosal administration strategies in a murine model, including homologous mucosal 2-dose prime-boost schedules and heterologous prime-boost strategies combining intramuscular (IM) systemic immunization with mucosal routes (intranasal, IN; or sublingual, SL). We utilized alum and c-di-AMP as adjuvants for the systemic and mucosal formulations of the OMV vaccine prototype, respectively. A homologous prime/boost IM immunization schedule and commercial vaccines were used for comparisons.

Results

All tested heterologous schemes induced higher levels of specific IgG with significant avidity, as well as higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2c, compared to the corresponding homologous prime-boost 2-dose schemes via mucosal routes (OMVIN-IN or OMVSL-SL). High IgA levels were observed post-B. pertussis challenge following OMVIN-IN treatments and heterologous treatments where the second dose was administered via a mucosal route (prime-pull scheme). Furthermore, schemes involving the intranasal route, whether in a homologous or heterologous scheme, induced the highest levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ. Accordingly, these schemes showed superior efficacy against nasal colonization than the commercial vaccines. Homologous intranasal immunization exhibited the highest protective capacity against nasal colonization while maintaining an excellent level of protection in the lower respiratory tract. To further enhance protection against nasal colonization, we performed a comparative analysis of formulations containing either single or combined adjuvants, administered via homologous intranasal route. These assays revealed that the use of alum combined with c-di-AMP, did not enhance the immune protective capacity in comparison with that observed for the formulation containing c-di-AMP alone.

Conclusions

All the experiments presented here demonstrate that the use of OMVs, regardless of the scheme applied (except for OMVSL-SL), significantly outperformed acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, achieving a higher reduction in bacterial colonization in the upper respiratory tract (p<0.01).
Protective effect of Bletilla ochracea Schltr. against acetogenic gastric ulcer in rats based on non-targeted metabolomics
Authors: Fang Rongze , Zeng Qi , Tang Xiusheng
Published: November 2024

Background

Gastric ulcer (GU), a globally prevalent disease, represents a significant burden to human health. Bletilla ochracea Schltr. (BOS), an herbal medicine, shows promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic GU.

Methods

This study utilized a rat model of chronic gastric ulceration induced by acetic acid to evaluate the protective effects of Bletilla ochracea Schltr. (BOS) on gastric tissue through the analysis of gross morphological and histopathological changes. Non-targeted metabolomic techniques were employed to identify differential metabolites, followed by the use of metabolic analysis software to enrich the pathways associated with these metabolites, thereby revealing the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-gastric ulcer effects of BOS.

Results

The results suggest that the primary mechanism underlying BOS regulation of GU involves modulation of endogenous metabolites, including dimethylglycine, l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, uridine propionic acid and l-asparagine. These diverse metabolites may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and reparative properties. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis indicated potential anti-GU effects of BOS through diverse pathways such as energy metabolism, immune metabolism and amino acid metabolism.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates BOS protective effects on GU in rats, potentially through modulating key metabolites and pathways, highlighting its therapeutic potential and warranting further investigation for clinical applications.
Global research hotspots and trends in anti-inflammatory studies in dry eye: a bibliometric analysis (2004–2024)
Authors: Wang Shan , Zheng Wei , Li Ting , Yu Dongxu , Zhang Qi , Ju Yuan , Wei Lijuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of dry eye (DE). This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status, hotspots and trends in DE anti-inflammatory research through bibliometric analysis.

Method

All publications were searched using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2004 to 2024. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer, R-bibliometrix, and CiteSpace, and data were managed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019.

Results

There were 603 papers published between 2004 and 2024 included in this study, with the number of papers increasing each year. The United States was the major contributor, with the largest number of publications and the greatest impact. Baylor College of Medicine was the most influential research institution. Pflugfelder, Stephen C. and Tsubota, Kazuo were the most prolific authors in this area of research, while Dana, Reza was the most cited author in the field with the highest impact. The Journal with the highest number of publications was Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, while the highest impact journal was Ocular Surface. Research hotspots were focused on the mechanisms of inflammation in DE and interventions for anti-inflammatory therapy. Future studies would favor more inflammation-related targeted therapies and physical therapies.

Conclusion

This study is the first bibliometric analysis to comprehensively summarize research trends and developments in DE anti-inflammatory treatments, pointing out recent research frontiers and hot directions for scholars studying DE anti-inflammatory treatments.
Exploring the role of aging in the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and osteoarthritis: Insights from NHANES data
Authors: Luo Xin , Chen Minghong , Xu Jinghong
Published: November 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by high morbidity and disability. While studies have demonstrated that OA is correlated with age-related diseases, few have shown the potential relationship between OA and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. We hypothesize that these stressors induce aging and increase the prevalence of OA.

Methods

The study included 10,641 participants drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset during 2005–2008 and 2015–2018. The correlation between OSAS and OA was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, aging-related biomarkers were calculated, and the role of aging was explored through mediation analysis.

Results

OSAS was associated with an elevated risk of OA (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, odds ratio (OR) 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34 to 3.99; p-value for the trend = 0.004) after adjusting covariates. In the 20–59 years and > 60 years subgroup, the OSAS patients showed a similar trend (for quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, OR 5.69, 95% CI 2.75 to 11.8; p-value for the trend <0.001; OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.23 to 4.76; p-value for the trend = 0.004, respectively). Further mediation analysis revealed that aging acted as a mediator between OA and OSAS. The mediation proportions for biological age (BA) and phenotypic age (PA) were 13.82 and 52.94%, respectively, both with p < 0.001.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that individuals with OSAS may have an increased prevalence of OA, with aging also being involved in the association.
Non-vaccinal prophylaxis of tularemia
Authors: Maurin Max , Hennebique Aurélie , Brunet Camille , Pondérand Léa , Pelloux Isabelle , Boisset Sandrine , Caspar Yvan
Published: November 2024

Tularemia is a re-emerging zoonosis in many endemic countries. It is caused by Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative bacterium and biological threat agent. Humans are infected from the wild animal reservoir, the environmental reservoir or by the bite of arthropod vectors. This infection occurs through the cutaneous, conjunctival, digestive or respiratory routes. Tularemia generally manifests itself as an infection at the site of entry of the bacteria with regional lymphadenopathy, or as a systemic disease, particularly pulmonary. It is often a debilitating condition due to persistent symptoms and sometimes a life-threatening condition. There is effective antibiotic treatment for this disease but no vaccine is currently available for humans or animals. Due to the complexity of the F. tularensis life cycle and multiple modes of human infection, non-vaccine prophylaxis of tularemia is complex and poorly defined. In this review, we summarize the various individual prophylactic measures available against tularemia based on the different risk factors associated with the disease. We also discuss the currently underdeveloped possibilities for collective prophylaxis. Prophylactic measures must be adapted in each tularemia endemic area according to the predominant modes of human and animal infection. They requires a One Health approach to control both animal and environmental reservoirs of F. tularensis, as well as arthropod vectors, to slow the current expansion of endemic areas of this disease in a context of climate change.
Characteristics of open globe injury in children under six
Authors: Li Rui , Qi Shounan , Zhang Ying , Wang Chenguang
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics of open globe injury (OGI) in children under six.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical data of children with OGI admitted to the Eye Center of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, China, between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020.

Results

The study included 106 children, with 61 males (57.5%) and 45 females (42.5%), and the mean age was 4.14 ± 1.58 years. Injuries predominantly affected the right eye (53.8%). Sharp objects were the leading cause of injuries (56.6%). Most wounds (91.5%) occurred in zone I, and penetrating trauma was the most common injury type (64.2%). The concomitant OGI findings included traumatic cataracts (47.2%), iris prolapse (53.8%), endophthalmitis (22.4%), vitreous prolapse (17.0%), retinal detachment (5.7%), eyelid laceration (7.5%), and orbital fractures (1.9%). Univariate analysis showed that wooden materials (p = 0.045), needles (p = 0.045), postinjury admission time (p < 0.001), injury zone (p = 0.025), and iris prolapse (p = 0.022) were significantly associated with endophthalmitis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that delayed admission for ≥24 h was an independent risk factor for endophthalmitis (p = 0.007). Preoperative and postoperative visual acuities were significantly correlated (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

OGIs are more common in males under six years old, with sharp objects being the primary cause. Prompt surgical intervention can lower the risk of endophthalmitis. Increased awareness of the severity of OGI and understanding the risk factors for endophthalmitis will aid in developing effective strategies to minimise ocular complications.