bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationalizing the Structural Variability of the Exocyclic Amino Groups in Nucleobases and Their Metal Complexes: Cytosine and Adenine
Authors: Fonseca Guerra Célia , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Cebollada Andrea , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Lippert Bernhard
Published: July 2014

The exocyclic amino groups of cytosine and adenine nucleobases are normally almost flat, with the N atoms essentially sp2 hybridized and the lone pair largely delocalized into the heterocyclic rings. However, a change to marked pyramidality of the amino group (N then sp3 hybridized, lone pair essentially localized at N) occurs during i) involvement of an amino proton in strong hydrogen bonding donor conditions or ii) with monofunctional metal coordination following removal of one of the two protons.
Taming Gold(I)–Counterion Interplay in the De‐aromatization of Indoles with Allenamides
Authors: Jia Minqiang , Cera Gianpiero , Perrotta Daniele , Monari Magda , Bandini Marco
Published: July 2014

A careful interplay between the π electrophilicity of a cationic AuI center and the basicity of the corresponding counterion allowed for the chemo‐ and regioselective inter‐ as well as intramolecular de‐aromatization of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles with allenamides. The silver‐free bifunctional Lewis acid/Brønsted base complex [{2,4‐(tBu)2C6H3O}3PAuTFA] assisted the formation of a range of densely functionalized indolenines under mild conditions.
A Simple Assay for Quality Binders to Cucurbiturils
Authors: Vázquez Julián , Remón Patricia , Dsouza Roy N. , Lazar Alexandra I. , Arteaga Jesús F. , Nau Werner M. , Pischel Uwe
Published: July 2014

A new approach towards the rapid identification of quality binders to cucurbiturils—those that combine high affinity with high selectivity for a particular homologue—was developed. The assay exploits macrocycle‐specific optical fingerprints (colorimetric or fluorimetric) of carefully selected indicators dyes. The screening of a guest library revealed known (e.g., adamantane derivatives) and new (e.g., terpenes) quality binders. The predictive power of the assay was underpinned by the modeling of the involved thermodynamic equilibria.
Chirality and Polarity in the f‐Block Borates M4[B16O26(OH)4(H2O)3Cl4] (M=Sm, Eu, Gd, Pu, Am, Cm, and Cf)
Authors: Polinski Matthew J. , Pace Kristen A. , Stritzinger Jared. T. , Lin Jian , Cross Justin N. , Cary Samantha K. , Cleve Shelley M. Van , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: July 2014

The reactions of trivalent lanthanides and actinides with molten boric acid in high chloride concentrations result in the formation of M4[B16O26(OH)4(H2O)3Cl4] (M=Sm, Eu, Gd, Pu, Am, Cm, Cf). This cubic structure type is remarkably complex and displays both chirality and polarity. The polymeric borate network forms helical features that are linked via two different types of nine‐coordinate f‐element environments. The f–f transitions are unusually intense and result in dark coloration of these compounds with actinides.
High‐Resolution 3D Proton MRI of Hyperpolarized Gas Enabled by Parahydrogen and Rh/TiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Kovtunov Kirill V. , Barskiy Danila A. , Coffey Aaron M. , Truong Milton L. , Salnikov Oleg G. , Khudorozhkov Alexander K. , Inozemtseva Elizaveta A. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Bukhtiyarov Valery I. , Waddell Kevin W. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Koptyug Igor V.
Published: July 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Igor V. Koptyug at International Tomography Center; Valery I. Bukhtiyarov at Boreskov Institute of Catalysis of Russian Academy of Science; and Eduard Y. Chekmenev and Kevin W. Waddell at Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville. The image depicts the synthesis of hyperpolarized propane gas using parahydrogen‐induced polarization on the surface of a heterogeneous solid‐phase Rh catalyst, which enables very high‐resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging of flowing propane gas. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403604.
Affordable Enteric Virus Detection Techniques Are Needed to Support Changing Paradigms in Water Quality Management
Authors: Symonds Erin M. , Breitbart Mya
Published: July 2014

In light of water quality monitoring paradigms shifting to a more holistic approach, it is essential that environmental microbiologists embrace new methodological developments in clinical virology to create rapid, laboratory‐free methods for the identification of wastewater pollution. It is widely accepted that routine monitoring of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) does not adequately reflect human health risks associated with fecal pollution, especially risks posed by viruses. Enteric viruses are typically more resistant to wastewater treatment and persist longer in the environment than FIB. Furthermore, enteric viruses often have extremely low infectious doses. Currently, the incorporation of sanitary surveys, short‐term monitoring of reference pathogens, exploratory quantitative microbial risk assessments, and predictive ecological models is being championed as the preferred approach to water management. In addition to improved virus concentration methods, simple, point‐of‐use tests for enteric viruses and/or improved viral indicators are needed to complement this emerging paradigm and ensure microbial safety worldwide.
Effects of peginesatide injection on QTc interval in healthy adults
Authors: Czerniak Richard , Kukulka Michael , Wu Jing Tao , Qiu Ping
Published: July 2014

A single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled, three‐period crossover study was conducted to evaluate the effect of peginesatide injection on QT interval in healthy adults. Subjects received single doses of placebo, peginesatide injection 0.1 mg/kg intravenous, or moxifloxacin 400 mg during three treatment periods, separated by 14‐day washout intervals. ECG recordings and blood samples for peginesatide and moxifloxacin plasma concentrations were collected prior to dosing and through 22 hours postdose. QT intervals were measured with a high resolution manual on‐screen caliper method. The study endpoint was the mean difference between peginesatide and placebo in baseline‐adjusted corrected QT interval (ddQTc). The maximum upper bound of the one‐sided 95% CI was 2.2 milliseconds at 0.75 hours for Fridericia‐corrected ddQTc (ddQTcF) and 2.2 milliseconds at 0.25 hours for individual corrected ddQTcI. The linear relationship between ddQTcF and peginesatide concentrations was essentially flat and not statistically significant [slope = 0.001, P = 0.126, 90% CI: (<−0.0005, 0.002)]. Using this model, the projected ddQTcF effect at the observed mean peak plasma concentration is estimated to be 0.9 milliseconds, 90% CI: (−2.0, 0.3 milliseconds). There were no peginesatide‐related effects on heart rate, PR interval, or QRS interval. Thus, there is no anticipated cardiovascular effect of peginesatide injection 0.1 mg/kg in patients.
Controlling a chaotic resonator by means of dynamic track control
Authors: Wang Chunni , Chu Runtong , Ma Jun
Published: July 2014

Josephson junction oscillators can generate chaotic signals with a wide frequency spectrum. An improved scheme of Lyapunov functions is proposed to control chaotic resonators of this type and forces them to converge to an arbitrary selected target signal. A changeable gain coefficient is introduced into the Lyapunov function, and the controllers are designed analytically. The controllers operate automatically when the output series are deviated from the target orbit synchronously. A resistive‐capacitive‐inductive‐shunted Josephson junction in chaotic parameter region is investigated in our studies, and power consumption is estimated from the dimensionless model. It is found that the power consumption of controller is dependent on the amplitude and/or angular frequency of the external target signal to be tracked. For example, larger power costs are observed when the target signal is in larger amplitude and/or angular frequency. The numerical results are consistent with the analytical discussion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 370–378, 2015
Oxytocin levels are lower in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with matched controls
Authors: Kujath Amber S. , Quinn Lauretta , Elliott Mary E. , Varady Krista A. , LeCaire Tamara J. , Carter C. Sue , Danielson Kirstie K.
Published: July 2014

Background

Oxytocin, a hormone most commonly associated with parturition and lactation, may have additional roles in diabetes complications. We determined oxytocin levels in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with non‐diabetic controls and examined associations of oxytocin with health behaviours, clinical factors, biomarkers, kidney function and bone health. Lower oxytocin was hypothesized for T1DM.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of premenopausal women with T1DM (n = 88) from the Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study, a population‐based cohort of incident T1DM cases, and matched non‐diabetic controls (n = 74) was conducted.

Results

Women with T1DM had lower oxytocin levels than controls adjusting for caffeine and alcohol use (p = 0.03). Health behaviours associated with oxytocin differed between women with and without T1DM: oxytocin was negatively associated with hormonal contraceptive use (quantified as lifetime contraceptive oestrogen exposure) in women with T1DM (p = 0.003), whereas positively related to hormonal contraceptive use (quantified as never/former/current) in controls (p < 0.001). Oxytocin had a positive association with adiposity (waist‐to‐hip ratio and leptin) in women with T1DM and a negative relationship with adiposity (weight gain) in controls. In T1DM only, oxytocin was positively associated with caffeine intake (p = 0.01) and negatively associated with alcohol use (p = 0.01). Oxytocin was not related to glycemic control, kidney function or bone health in T1DM.

Conclusions

Oxytocin levels are lower in women with T1DM than matched controls. Oxytocin also has opposing associations with hormonal contraceptives and adiposity in women with and without T1DM. Research is needed to determine if the altered oxytocin milieu in T1DM is associated with oxytocinher health outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of amphioxus population (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtaneuse) and its influential factors in Luan River Estuary, China
Authors: Hao Luo , Minghui Ma , Bin Liang , Chenguang Bao
Published: July 2014

Population distribution of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense) was investigated in the Luan River Estuary from 1999 to 2011, to describe its trends and discover the factors that influence its decline. Amphioxus are distributed on the seabed at 5–10 m depth, between the Xinkai Estuary and the Dapu River Estuary, where the primary sand components of the sediment are medium and fine, with particle size ranging from 0.001 to 1 mm. In recent years, the population density and biomass of amphioxus have sharply decreased. Changes in sediment granularity composition may significantly influence amphioxus distribution. Our data showed that the highest density region of amphioxus occurred where >90% of the sediment particles were between 0.063 and 0.5 mm in size. A reduction in sediment discharge from Luan River and the expansion of raft‐breeding mariculture may be causing the decline in amphioxus through habitat destruction.
Fog, fog drip, and streamflow in the Santa Cruz Mountains of the California Coast Range
Authors: Sawaske Spencer R. , Freyberg David L.
Published: July 2014

The onshore movement of marine fog is a common occurrence during summer months along much of the contiguous US Pacific Coast. Because the fog season tends to occur during the precipitation‐free dry season, any additional input of moisture or reduction in loss of moisture through evapotranspiration provided by the marine layer can be an important factor in local hydrologic systems. To quantify some of the effects of fog on regional dry‐season hydrology, a study site within the Santa Cruz Mountains of central California was established. The fog‐laden coastside and predominately fog‐free San Francisco Bay side of the study area provide an excellent opportunity to assess the impacts of the presence and absence of fog on ecohydrological processes. Streamflow, fog drip, and soil moisture were measured from May to September. Fog drip was essentially nonexistent on the bayside and highly variable on the coastside. Maximum rates and seasonal totals of drip occurred within stands of mature conifers (Sequoia sempervirensandPseudotsuga menziesii) along exposed, often windy ridgelines. Fog‐drip totals up to 961 mm were recorded over 2·5 months. Consequently, frequent infiltration events to depths of 23 cm were documented. Over the course of the study, soil moisture levels at high‐fog‐drip locations either increased or were equivalent to spring conditions at the onset of data collection. Increases of flow in coastside streams, under otherwise receding conditions, were found to coincide with fog and fog‐drip events. These results confirm that the presence of fog can significantly affect dry‐season hydrologic conditions of some coastal locations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatiotemporal patterns of evapotranspiration along the North American east coast as influenced by multiple environmental changes
Authors: Yang Qichun , Tian Hanqin , Li Xia , Tao Bo , Ren Wei , Chen Guangsheng , Lu Chaoqun , Yang Jia , Pan Shufen , Banger Kamaljit , Zhang Bowen
Published: July 2014

The North American east coast has experienced significant land‐use and climate changes since the beginning of the 20th century. In this study, using the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model 2.0 driven by time‐series input data of land use, climate and atmospheric CO2, we examined how these driving forces have affected the spatiotemporal trends and variability of evapotranspiration (ET) in this region during 1901–2008. Annual ET in the North American east coast during this period was 648.3 ± 38.6 mm/year and demonstrated an increasing trend. Factorial model simulations indicated that climate variability explained 76% of the inter‐annual ET variability. Although land‐use change only explained 16% of the ET temporal variability, afforestation induced the upward trend of ET and increased annual ET by 12.8 mm/year. Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced annual ET by 0.84 mm, and its potential impacts under future atmospheric CO2 levels could be much larger than estimates for the historical 1901–2008 period. Climate change determined the spatial pattern of ET changes across the entire study area, whereas land‐use changes dramatically affected ET in watersheds with significant land conversions. In spite of the multiple benefits from afforestation, its impacts on water resources should be considered in future land‐use policy making. Elevated ET may also affect fresh water availability for the increasing social and economic water demands. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Organomolybdenum Compounds for Promoted Hydrolysis of Phosphoester Bonds in Aqueous Media
Authors: Gomes Ana C. , Gamelas Carla A. , Fernandes José A. , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Nunes Patrique , Pillinger Martyn , Gonçalves Isabel S. , Romão Carlos C. , Abrantes Marta
Published: July 2014

The dissolution of the indenyl (Ind) complex [{(η5‐Ind)Mo(CO)2(μ‐Cl)}2] (1) in N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) gives the ring‐slipped complex [(η3‐Ind)Mo(CO)2Cl(DMF)2] (2). The aerial oxidation of 2 leads to the formation of the dinuclear oxomolybdenum(V) chloride [Mo2O2(DMF)4(μ‐O)2Cl2] (3). The structures of 2 and 3·DMF have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 3 were examined as promoters of phosphoester bond hydrolysis in para‐nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), which was used as a model substrate. The reactions were performed in aqueous solution at 55 °C and followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. For assays performed with 30–100 mol‐% of 1 or 3 relative to pNPP, both compounds promote the production of para‐nitrophenol (pNPh) from pNPP. Compound 3 is especially active in promoting the hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphoester bond (t1/2 < 80 min).
Close Correlation between Metal Oxidation States and Molecular Structures in a Cobalt–Gold Multinuclear Coordination System with Mixed D‐Penicillaminate and Tripodal Triphosphine
Authors: Hashimoto Yuji , Yoshinari Nobuto , Matsushita Natsuko , Konno Takumi
Published: July 2014

A unique cobalt–gold coordination system, in which the oxidation states of the cobalt centers are closely correlated with the multinuclear molecular structures, is reported. This system contains a CoII3AuI6 nonanuclear structure in [Co3{Au3(tdme)(D‐pen‐N,O,S)3}2] ([2]) and a CoIIIAuI3 tetranuclear structure in [Co{Au3(tdme)(D‐pen‐N,S)3}] ([3]) [tdme = 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane, D‐pen = D‐penicillamininate], which are stereoselectively prepared from the reaction of a tripod‐type trigold(I) metalloligand [Au3(tdme)(D‐pen)3]3– ([1]3–) with Co2+ and Co3+, respectively. The anomalous stability of the +II oxidation state of each octahedral cobalt center in [2], despite the coordination of two aliphatic amine and two aliphatic thiolato groups that commonly provide a strong ligand field, is notable.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones from Alkynes
Authors: Miao Yanan , Dupé Antoine , Bruneau Christian , Fischmeister Cédric
Published: July 2014

The ruthenium‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,2‐diketones through the oxidation of alkynes by using sodium hypochlorite has been investigated. RuO4 was generated in situ from inexpensive RuCl3·xH2O, and NaOCl as the oxidant demonstrated high performance at room temperature in the solvent diethyl carbonate. A variety of diketones were prepared in good yields by using this environmentally friendly procedure.
Temporal and spatial aspects of experimental tonic pain: Understanding pain adaptation and intensification
Authors: Weissman‐Fogel I. , Dror A. , Defrin R.
Published: July 2014

Background

The underlying mechanisms of adaptations to pain are unclear. In order to explore whether central or peripheral mechanisms predominate, the effects of two centrally mediated phenomena – spatial summation of pain (SSP) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) – were examined. The effect of the degree of painfulness, rather than absolute stimulation intensity, was also examined.

Methods

Seventeen participants received several series of individually adjusted tonic noxious‐heat stimuli (300 s), inducing an initial perceived pain of 2 (mild pain), 4 (moderate pain) and 6 (strong pain) on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The stimuli were administered to small (2.25 cm2) and large (9 cm2) areas to produce SSP and also during TENS treatment, during which 12 VAS ratings were obtained.

Results

Adaptation occurred during VAS‐2 stimulation and was minimal, followed by intensification during VAS‐4 stimulation, whereas VAS‐6 stimulation always induced pain intensification. TENS failed to produce analgesia and SSP did not affect adaptation but affected intensification. Stimulation temperatures affected the magnitude of adaptation and intensification within each degree of painfulness. The mathematical models that best fitted the time trend with VAS‐2 and VAS‐4 were linear, whereas a power function best fitted VAS‐6 stimulation.

Conclusions

The mathematical models and the lack of effect of SSP on adaptation suggest that its dominant component is peripheral. Whereas relative painfulness determines whether pain adaptation or intensification occurs (probably a defence mechanism), absolute stimulation intensities influence the magnitude of the effect. Pain intensification is differentially affected by probe size, depending upon the occurrence of initial adaptation.
HSP70‐hom gene polymorphisms modify the association of diethylhexyl phthalates with insulin resistance
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Hong Yun‐Chul
Published: July 2014

Recent studies suggest that diethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP) could contribute to the development of insulin resistance (IR) through oxidative stress, and that heat shock protein (HSP) could be related with the association between DEHP and IR. Therefore, we evaluated the effect modification of genetic polymorphisms of HSP70‐hom, an oxidative stress related gene, on the relation between exposure to DEHP and IR. We obtained repeated blood and urine samples from 414 elderly female participants and measured urinary levels of mono‐(2‐ethyl‐5‐hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono‐(2‐ethyl‐5‐oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) as metabolites of DEHP. We also measured serum levels of fasting glucose and insulin, derived the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index to assess IR, and genotyped two HSP70‐hom polymorphisms (rs2227956 and rs2075800). A mixed effect model and penalized regression spline were used to estimate the associations between DEHP exposure and IR by genetic polymorphisms. The molar sum of MEHHP and MEOHP (∑DEHP) were significantly associated with HOMA (β = 0.30, P = 0.022). When stratified by genotype at rs2227956, the relationship between ∑DEHP and HOMA was statistically significant in participants with TT (β = 0.32, P = 0.048) or TC (β = 0.60, P = 0.008), while at rs2075800 there was a marginal association for the GA genotype (β = 0.33, P = 0.097). When haplotypes were constituted across the two HSP70‐hom polymorphisms (rs2227956 and rs2075800), the association was apparent only in participants with the T‐A haplotype (β = 0.39, P = 0.029). Our study suggests that HSP70‐hom polymorphisms modify the association of DEHP with IR. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:727–734, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geometrically exact theory of contact interactions – a general approach with a special focus on curve‐tosurface contact
Authors: Konyukhov Alexander , Schweizerhof Karl
Published: July 2014

Geometrically exact theory of contact interactions is aiming on the development of the unified geometrical formulation of computational contact algorithms for various geometrical situations of contacting bodies leading to contact pairs: surface‐to‐surface, curve‐to‐surface, point‐to‐surface, curve‐to‐curve, point‐to‐curve, point‐to‐point. The construction of the corresponding computational contact algorithms is considered in accordance with the geometry of contacting bodies in covariant and closed forms. These forms can be easily discretized within finite element methods independently of the order of approximation and, therefore, the result is straightforwardly applied within any further method: high order finite element methods, iso‐geometric finite element methods etc. Application for contact between bodies with iso‐ and anisotropic surface, for contact between cables and curvilinear beams is straightforward. Recent developments include the various approaches to describe the ”Curve‐to‐Surface” contact pair; and the “Solid Beam‐to‐Solid Beam” contact algorithm, fully resolving the problem of “parallel tangents” of “Curve‐to‐Curve” contact algorithm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dual mortar methods for computational contact mechanics – overview and recent developments
Authors: Popp A. , Wall W. A.
Published: July 2014

Mortar‐based finite element discretization in computational contact mechanics has seen a great thrust of research activities over the last years. In this contribution, we review the most important features of the so‐called dual mortar finite element approach for finite deformation contact and friction. Advantageous properties of the devised algorithms comprise superior robustness as compared with the traditional node‐to‐segment (NTS) approach, the absence of any unphysical user‐defined parameters (e.g. penalty parameter), the integration of all types of nonlinearities into one single iteration loop and the possibility to condense the biorthogonal discrete Lagrange multipliers from the global system of equations. Beside this general overview, some recent developments are highlighted, such as improved consistency and robustness of dual mortar methods, investigations on efficient numerical integration schemes, an extension to second‐order interpolation as well as the combined treatment of contact and elastoplasticity. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the high quality of results obtained with the proposed methods. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isogeometric contact: a review
Authors: De Lorenzis Laura , Wriggers Peter , Hughes Thomas J.R.
Published: July 2014

This paper reviews the currently available computational contact formulations within the framework of isogeometric analysis (IGA). As opposed to conventional Lagrange discretizations, IGA basis functions feature higher and tailorable inter‐element continuity, which translates into evident advantages for the description of interacting surfaces, especially in presence of large displacements and large sliding. This has recently motivated the proposal of several isogeometric contact treatments, based on different ways to incorporate the contact contribution into the variational form of a continuum mechanics problem and to formulate its discretized version. After a brief overview of conventional and isogeometric basis functions as well as conventional contact mechanics approaches, the available isogeometric contact formulations are examined. Attention is paid to the favorable and unfavorable features they share with their finite element counterparts, as well as to the consequences stemming from the use of IGA basis functions. The main needs for future research emerging from the current state of the art are outlined. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Emotion perception and executive control interact in the salience network during emotionally charged working memory processing
Authors: Luo Yu , Qin Shaozheng , Fernández Guillén , Zhang Yu , Klumpers Floris , Li Hong
Published: July 2014

Processing of emotional stimuli can either hinder or facilitate ongoing working memory (WM); however, the neural basis of these effects remains largely unknown. Here we examined the neural mechanisms of these paradoxical effects by implementing a novel emotional WM task in an fMRI study. Twenty‐five young healthy participants performed an N‐back task with fearful and neutral faces as stimuli. Participants made more errors when performing 0‐back task with fearful versus neutral faces, whereas they made fewer errors when performing 2‐back task with fearful versus neutral faces. These emotional impairment and enhancement on behavioral performance paralleled significant interactions in distributed regions in the salience network including anterior insula (AI) and dorsal cingulate cortex (dACC), as well as in emotion perception network including amygdala and temporal‐occipital association cortex (TOC). The dorsal AI (dAI) and dACC were more activated when comparing fearful with neutral faces in 0‐back task. Contrarily, dAI showed reduced activation, while TOC and amygdala showed stronger responses to fearful as compared to neutral faces in the 2‐back task. These findings provide direct neural evidence to the emerging dual competition model suggesting that the salience network plays a critical role in mediating interaction between emotion perception and executive control when facing ever‐changing behavioral demands. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5606–5616, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing of events during deglutition after chemoradiation therapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kendall Katherine A. , Tanner Kristine , Kosek Steven R.
Published: July 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine if persistent changes in the duration of bolus movement through the pharynx and bolus movement coordination with pharyngeal swallowing gestures occur after treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma with chemoradiation therapy.

Methods

The timing of bolus movement and coordination with swallowing gestures was evaluated in 30 patients using a modified barium swallowing study at least 1 year after completion of treatment. Patients were recruited irrespective of any swallowing complaints. The mean of each measure from the study subjects was compared to those from a group of age‐matched controls.

Results

Bolus transit duration in the study population was unchanged compared with normal controls. Unlike normal controls, the patients were found to allow the bolus to arrive in the vallecula before the initiation of swallowing gestures that resulted in a swallow. Earlier opening of the upper esophageal sphincter was found for a 1‐cc bolus (p = .004). For the 20 cc bolus size, the onset of hyoid and aryepiglottic fold elevation was delayed (p = .029 and .037, respectively). Gesture timing did not change to accommodate larger bolus sizes, as it normally does, resulting in a delay in airway protection for the 20‐cc bolus.

Conclusion

Patients are able to move a liquid bolus through the pharynx in a timely manner. However, patients are unable to modify swallowing gestures to safely protect the airway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1193–1199, 2015
Brivanib as adjuvant therapy to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Han Guohong , Finn Richard S. , Poon Ronnie T.P. , Blanc Jean-Frederic , Yan Lunan , Yang Jijin , Lu Ligong , Tak Won-Young , Yu Xiaoping , Lee Joon-Hyeok , Lin Shi-Ming , Wu Changping , Tanwandee Tawesak , Shao Guoliang , Walters Ian B. , Cruz Christine Dela , Poulart Valerie , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: July 2014

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the current standard of treatment for unresectable intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Brivanib, a selective dual inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor signaling, may improve the effectiveness of TACE when given as an adjuvant to TACE. In this multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study, 870 patients with TACE-eligible HCC were planned to be randomly assigned (1:1) after the first TACE to receive either brivanib 800 mg or placebo orally once-daily. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included time to disease progression (TTDP; a composite endpoint based on development of extrahepatic spread or vascular invasion, deterioration of liver function or performance status, or death), time to extrahepatic spread or vascular invasion (TTES/VI), rate of TACE, and safety. Time to radiographic progression (TTP) and objective response rate were exploratory endpoints. The trial was terminated after randomization of 502 patients (brivanib, 249; placebo, 253) when two other phase III studies of brivanib in advanced HCC patients failed to meet OS objectives. At termination, median follow-up was approximately 16 months. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no improvement in OS with brivanib versus placebo (median, 26.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 19.1 to not reached] vs. 26.1 months [19.0-30.9]; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.66-1.23]; log-rank

P

= 0.5280). Brivanib improved TTES/VI (HR, 0.64 [95% CI: 0.45-0.90]), TTP (0.61 [0.48-0.77]), and rate of TACE (0.72 [0.61-0.86]), but not TTDP (0.94 [0.72-1.22]) versus placebo. Most frequent grade 3-4 adverse events included hyponatremia (brivanib, 18% vs. placebo, 5%) and hypertension (13% vs. 3%).

Conclusions

: In this study, brivanib as adjuvant therapy to TACE did not improve OS. (Hepatology 2014;60:1697–1707)
Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case‐control studies from 27 countries
Authors: Conway David I. , Brenner Darren R. , McMahon Alex D. , Macpherson Lorna M.D. , Agudo Antonio , Ahrens Wolfgang , Bosetti Cristina , Brenner Hermann , Castellsague Xavier , Chen Chu , Curado Maria Paula , Curioni Otávio A. , Dal Maso Luigino , Daudt Alexander W. , de Gois Filho José F. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Edefonti Valeria , Fabianova Eleonora , Fernandez Leticia , Franceschi Silvia , Gillison Maura , Hayes Richard B. , Healy Claire M. , Herrero Rolando , Holcatova Ivana , Jayaprakash Vijayvel , Kelsey Karl , Kjaerheim Kristina , Koifman Sergio , La Vecchia Carlo , Lagiou Pagona , Lazarus Philip , Levi Fabio , Lissowska Jolanta , Luce Daniele , Macfarlane Tatiana V. , Mates Dana , Matos Elena , McClean Michael , Menezes Ana M , Menvielle Gwenn , Merletti Franco , Morgenstern Hal , Moysich Kirsten , Müller Heiko , Muscat Joshua , Olshan Andrew F. , Purdue Mark P. , Ramroth Heribert , Richiardi Lorenzo , Rudnai Peter , Schantz Stimson , Schwartz Stephen M. , Shangina Oxana , Simonato Lorenzo , Smith Elaine , Stucker Isabelle , Sturgis Erich M. , Szeszenia‐Dabrowska Neonila , Talamini Renato , Thomson Peter , Vaughan Thomas L. , Wei Qingyi , Winn Deborah M. , Wunsch‐Filho Victor , Yu Guo‐Pei , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Zheng Tongzhang , Znaor Ariana , Boffetta Paolo , Chuang Shu‐Chun , Ghodrat Marianoosh , Amy Lee Yuan‐Chin , Hashibe Mia , Brennan Paul
Published: July 2014

Low socioeconomic status has been reported to be associated with head and neck cancer risk. However, previous studies have been too small to examine the associations by cancer subsite, age, sex, global region and calendar time and to explain the association in terms of behavioral risk factors. Individual participant data of 23,964 cases with head and neck cancer and 31,954 controls from 31 studies in 27 countries pooled with random effects models. Overall, low education was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 2.02 – 3.09). Overall one‐third of the increased risk was not explained by differences in the distribution of cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors; and it remained elevated among never users of tobacco and nondrinkers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.13 – 2.31). More of the estimated education effect was not explained by cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors: in women than in men, in older than younger groups, in the oropharynx than in other sites, in South/Central America than in Europe/North America and was strongest in countries with greater income inequality. Similar findings were observed for the estimated effect of low versus high household income. The lowest levels of income and educational attainment were associated with more than 2‐fold increased risk of head and neck cancer, which is not entirely explained by differences in the distributions of behavioral risk factors for these cancers and which varies across cancer sites, sexes, countries and country income inequality levels.
MiR‐200c inhibits autophagy and enhances radiosensitivity in breast cancer cells by targeting UBQLN1
Authors: Sun Quanquan , Liu Tongxin , Yuan Yawei , Guo Zhenli , Xie Guozhu , Du Shasha , Lin Xiaoshan , Xu Zhixin , Liu Minfeng , Wang Wei , Yuan Quan , Chen Longhua
Published: July 2014

Radioresistance is a major challenge during the treatment of breast cancer. A further understanding of the mechanisms of radioresistance could provide strategies to address this challenge. In our study, we compared the expression of miR‐200c in four distinct breast cancer cell lines: two representative basal cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and BT549) vs. two representative luminal cancer cells (MCF‐7 and BT474). The results revealed practically lower expression of miR‐200c in the two basal cancer cell lines and higher expression of miR‐200c in luminal cancer cells compared to the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF‐10A. Ectopic expression of miR‐200c in MDA‐MB‐231 cells inhibited irradiation‐induced autophagy and sensitized the breast cancer cells to irradiation. We also identified UBQLN1 as a direct functional target of miR‐200c involved in irradiation‐induced autophagy and radioresistance. In 35 human breast cancer tissue samples, we detected an inverse correlation between the expression of miR‐200c vs. UBQLN1 and LC3. These results indicate that the identified miR‐200c/UBQLN1‐mediated autophagy pathway may help to elucidate radioresistance in human breast cancer and might represent a therapeutic strategy.
3.2: Invited Paper: Application of Rotation Magnet Sputtering Technology to a‐IGZO Film Depositions
Authors: Goto Tetsuya , Sugawa Shigetoshi , Ohmi Tadahiro
Published: July 2014

We developed new magnetron sputtering equipment called rotation magnet sputtering (RMS), where multiple moving plasma loops are exited on the planar target surface, obtaining high target utilization. The moving plasma loops also worked efficiently to homogenize the spatial distribution of a‐IGZO film qualities by time‐averaged homogenization effect.
3.3: Invited Paper: Future Possibility of C‐Axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductors Comparison with Low‐Temperature Polysilicon
Authors: Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2014

A C‐axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor (CAAC‐OS) has a crystal structure without grain boundaries and provides FETs with extremely low off‐state current. An ultrahigh‐resolution display using a CAAC‐OS is free from unevenness caused by grain boundaries. CAAC‐OSs use a small number of masks, and therefore can be easily applied to large‐substrate processes.
4.2: Vertical Electrode Fabrication using Conventional LCD Processes
Authors: Kim Kang‐Il , Park Won‐Keun , Lee Joon‐Dong , Yang Joon‐Young , Jun Myung‐Chul , Kang In‐Byeong , Yeo Sang‐Deog
Published: July 2014

A new method to fabricate vertical electrodes for PS‐BPLC using conventional LCD fabrication processes is introduced. Hydrogen plasma treatment on the pixel electrode (amorphous indium tin oxide) and undercut structure was successfully applied to realize vertical electrodes which can induce uniform and strong horizontal electric fields to operate PS‐BPLC device.
4.3: Novel Photosensitive Organic Insulator for High Definition FPD Applications
Authors: Nakamura Hideyuki , Kashiwagi Daisuke , Yamada Satoru , Sakita Kyouhei , Kawabe Yasumasa
Published: July 2014

We have developed a novel photosensitive organic insulator for high definition FPD applications. This material has excellent features: ultrahigh sensitivity, fine patterns formation, excellent transparency and out‐gas properties.

Meanwhile, a photosensitive organic insulator prepared by nano‐composite formation is able to be utilized for improving the visibility of ITO electrode patterns for a touch panel application and patterns of the insulator itself completely.
5.1: Invited Paper: Degradation Analysis of Light Emitting Diodes by Time Resolved Photoluminescence Measurements
Authors: Murata Hideyuki , Sandanayaka Atula S. D.
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate that the degradation in Alq3‐based OLEDs is caused by the photophysical degradation processes of α‐NPD and Alq3 molecules in the vicinity of the α‐NPD/Alq3 interface. Two degradation pathways with different time constants take place during a decrease in electroluminescence under constant current operation. From time resolved photoluminescence measurements, we identify the first stage of the degradation is due to the decomposition of α‐NPD molecules via the singlet excited states formed by recombining charge carriers. The second stage of the degradation is attributed to the formation of a luminescent quencher originated from the reaction of excited state of Alq3.
5.2: Evidence for the Involvement of Water in the Long‐Term Degradation of Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Miyaguchi Satoshi , Katagi Kyoko , Ohata Hiroshi , Kitago Yoshiyuki , Yoshioka Toshihiro , Tsutsui Tetsuo
Published: July 2014

Degradation products in aged phosphorescent OLEDs were analyzed using GCIB/TOF‐SIMS. In OLEDs aged to a luminous decay of 66%, mass spectra detected the presence of oxygen‐containing components within an emission layer composed of an Ir(ppy)3 guest and a CBP host. Involvement of water incorporated from the environment was strongly suggested.
7.4: Invited Paper: High‐Efficiency Inverted Quantum‐dot Light Emitting Diodes for Display
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Min , Jang Jin
Published: July 2014

We report the state‐of‐art technologies of quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes, focused on the current and power efficiencies. And our recent results on QLEDs are also added. A high‐efficiency inverted green quantum‐dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) was demonstrated in ADRC using stacked electron transporting layer (ETL), exhibiting maximum current efficiency of 28.29 cd/A and power efficiency of 22.11 lm/W, respectively. The additional ETL layer could improve the device performance by around 3 times compare to that of a QLED with single ETL.
8.1: Invited Paper: Value of LTPS: Present and Future
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki
Published: July 2014

Low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) is a well‐established backplane thin film transistor (TFT) technology for flat panel displays. The superior TFT characteristics of LTPS are now indispensable to support high‐end smartphones and tablet PCs. We believe LTPS will become even more important for displays in the future to satisfy the severe requirements from our customers for those smart devices.
8.2: Invited Paper: Status and Future Promise of Excimer Laser Annealing for LTPS on Large Glass Substrates
Authors: Sobey Mark , Schmidt Kai , Turk Brandon , Paetzel Rainer
Published: July 2014

Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS) is the enabling backplane technology for AMOLED displays and small to medium sized high‐resolution AMLCDs. Recently, Excimer Laser Annealing (ELA) equipment has made significant progress in scaling for cost‐effective large‐scale production. In this paper, we discuss the key elements of ELA equipment and the recent and future milestones for LTPS on large substrates.
8.4L: Late‐News Paper: Electrical Properties of a‐IGZO Films Depending on Trap States
Authors: Kim Ju‐Yeon , Shin Sang Won , Jeong Chang‐Oh , Yun Eui‐Jung , Bae Byung Seong
Published: July 2014

We investigated the photo‐response of a‐IGZO thin films under light illumination. The photo‐response was compared before and after annealing. As the annealing temperatures increase, photo‐response changes quite substantially. We explored the photo‐responses of a‐IGZO thin films under light illumination with various wavelengths. The photo‐responses involve the photo‐excitation and the dark relaxation phenomena in a‐IGZO thin films. The photo‐responses of samples were monitored and analyzed in terms of the trap states and oxygen vacancies. The quite large change of photo‐response by the annealing was analyzed in terms of trap states and oxygen vacancies.
9.3: Analysis of Liquid Crystal Drop Mura in High Resolution Mobile Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Lee Hongpeng , Song Sunghun , Lee JingPeng , Xiao Ang , Min Taiye , Su Shunkang
Published: July 2014

Liquid crystal (LC) drop mura in one drop fill (ODF) process for high resolution panel is discussed. In this paper, we investigated the origin of LC drop mura from aspects of LC materiasl, color filter (CF) structures and ODF process. According to our experiments, it indicated that lower free energy of LC, higher photo spacer density (PSD) and photo spacer height (PSH)of CF could reduce the ratio and degree of LC drop mura effectively. When producing high resolution mobile TFT‐LCDs LC with low free energy and CF with high PSD&PSH should be prior used to improve the yield.
10.3: Predicting the Lifetime of Flexible Permeation Barrier Layers for OLED Displays
Authors: Visweswaran Bhadri , Mohan Siddharth Harikrishna , Mandlik Prashant , Silvernail Jeff , Ma Ruiqing , Sturm James , Wagner Sigurd
Published: July 2014

Water diffusion through a single‐layer barrier is measured with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, electrical capacitance, and mechanical film stress. The time taken for one monolayer of water molecules permeate into the OLED is defined as the lifetime. Extrapolated to T = 38°C and 90% relative humidity, a 3μm thick barrier is predicted to seal for 13 years.
11.3: A Curvature Sensing Circuit for Flexible Display
Authors: Lin Po‐Yang , Huang Chen‐Shuo , Chen Ji‐Feng , Tu Chia‐Hsun , Hwu Keh‐Long , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Lin Yu‐Hsin
Published: July 2014

A sensory system able to measure the geometric profile of a flexible display is proposed. The sensory system is embedded within the flexible display and manufactured by the thin‐film transistor process. The sensory system provides an alternative user‐display interaction for flexible display applications. A numerical interpolation technique is proposed for the display curvature computation. The sensor performances of three different materials are respectively investigated for the accuracy consideration. Preliminary results seem promising through an embodiment of the design.
12.1: Invited Paper: Quantum Dots: The Ultimate Down‐Conversion Material for LCD Displays
Authors: Steckel Jonathan S. , Ho John , Hamilton Charles , Breen Craig , Liu Wenhao , Allen Peter , Xi Jingqun , Coe‐Sullivan Seth
Published: July 2014

Assuming large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that Quantum Dots (QDs) are currently the down‐conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display (LCD) makers to cost‐effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) standard while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, and make the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next‐generation displays.
12.3: Core‐Shell Quantum Dots Synthesized by Using Tri‐n‐Octylphosphine‐Assisted Method for High‐Color‐Saturation Displays
Authors: Hao Junjie , Wang Kai , Sun Xiaowei
Published: July 2014

We report pure color core‐shell quantum dots synthesized by tri‐n‐octylphosphine‐assisted successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The results approach unity, narrow symmetric spectrum, and remarkable stabilities. The spectrally narrow emission (25 nm), high luminescence efficiency (95 %) and durability provide a promise way for LED‐backlit display with high color saturation.
14.1: Low Temperature and High Frequency Effects on Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Peng Fenglin , Chen Yuan , Yuan Jiamin , Chen Haiwei , Wu Shin‐Tson , Haseba Yasuhiro
Published: July 2014

We report the low temperature and high frame rate operation limits of a polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC). Debye relaxation sets another practical application limit even the temperature is still above melting point. Doping a diluter compound to the BPLC host greatly extends this low temperature operation range in terms of dielectric relaxation frequency and response time.
14.2: Distinguished Student Paper: Low‐voltage and High‐transmittance Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Xu Daming , Chen Yuan , Liu Yifan , Wu Shin‐Tson , Cheng Yu‐Wen , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Liou Shih‐Hsien , Cheng Kung‐Lung , Chen Janglin
Published: July 2014

We develop a refraction model to analyze the electro‐optics of an in‐plane‐switching blue phase liquid crystal (IPS‐BPLC) cell. Good agreement with experiment is obtained. By optimizing the BPLC material and device structure, our simulation shows that a single‐gamma IPS‐BPLC with operation voltage <10Vrms and transmittance >80% can be achieved.
14.3: Improving Kerr Constant of Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal with Multiple Dopants
Authors: Sun Xiaoyang , Ni Shuibin , Zhu Jiliang , Lee Kuan‐Cheng , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Lien Alan , Lu Jiangang
Published: July 2014

A multi‐dopant material system for polymer‐stabilized (PS) blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) is proposed. The driving capacity of PS‐BPLC can be improved by doping N‐vinylpyrrollidone (NVP) and polyaniline functionalized graphene (G‐PANI). With the dopant optimization, the Kerr constant is increased by 68%, and the response time, hysteresis and residual birefringence have no degradation.
14.4: A Hysteresis‐free Polymer‐stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Liu Yifan , Xu Su , Xu Daming , Yan Jing , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2014

Our experimental results indicate that UV curing conditions dramatically affect the electro‐optic performance of a polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS‐BPLC). In an IPS cell, the UV light direction, wavelength, and dosage influence the polymer network distribution, operation voltage and hysteresis. By using a longer UV wavelength, we demonstrated a hysteresis‐free PS‐BPLC.