bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intrapleural instillation of streptokinase with pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: S. Sandeepa H. , U. Narendra , Gaude Gajanan S. , Sandeepa Supriya
Published: October 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion in India. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of intrapleural instillation of streptokinase with pigtail catheter drainage in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion.Methods: Clinical profile, hospital course and outcome of tuberculous pleural effusion patients at the end of six months of anti-tubercular treatment of 50 patients from January 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=25) received intrapleural streptokinase via pigtail catheter and the other group (n=25) received intercostal drainage without intrapleural streptokinase instillation. All the patients received standard daily anti TB regimen of 2HERZ/4HR for a total duration of six months.Results: Majority of the patients were above 40 years of age (60%). The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The major symptoms of the patients were, fever in 44 patients (88%), cough in 42 patients (84%), breathlessness in 33 patients (66%), loss of appetite in 25 patients (50%) and chest pain in 25 patients (50%). Most of the patients had ADA levels between 40-70 IU/L (48%) and only 6% had ADA levels below 40 IU/L. The mean pleural drainage was 2615±126.1 ml in the study group (intrapleural streptokinase) and 1858 ± 93.3 ml in the control group (p <0.0001). Mean duration of intercostal drainage in the study group was 3.76 ± 0.144 days and it was 5.08±0.199 days in the control group (p <0.0001). The mean duration of hospitalization in the study group was 6.60±0.91 days and it was 8.60 ± 0.57 days in the control group (p=0.06). Conclusion: Intrapleural streptokinase instillation is successful in increasing the total drainage of pleural fluid and results in effective drainage of tuberculous pleural effusion. It is also associated with increased amount of pleural fluid drainage, decreased duration of intercostal drainage, decreased length of hospital stay.
An Investigation on the Relational Work of Tour Representatives within Customer Orientation and Sales Work
Authors: Aslan Alper , Aslan Saim , Avcı Umut
Published: October 2019

In the contemporary world, service work encompasses more efforts to be
customer-oriented and to boost sales. Scholars note that customer orientation
and sales work may be contradictory, as the primary aim of capitalist
organizations is to earn money rather than please customers. Thus, capitalist
organizations demand workers to harmonize customer orientation and sales work.
However, we know little about how this is achieved within situated
interactions. This study uses the concept of “relational work” to explain how
tour representatives (tour reps) harmonize customer orientation and sales work.
Based on qualitative data, this study addresses the work of Turkish tour reps
for Turkish tour operators. This study reveals how customer orientation and sales
work overlap, and how this overlap is enacted within relational work.
Intracavitary laser obliteration of Baker cyst under ultrasonic navigation
Authors: Krochek Igor Viktorovich , Sergiyko Sergey Vladimirovich , Privalov Valeriy Alexeevich , Shumilin Igor Ivanovich , Shekunova Yuliya Grigorievna , Anchugova Anastasiya Yevgenievna
Published: October 2019

Relevance. Baker's cyst is the formation in the popliteal region, resulting from the accumulation of synovial fluid in the semimembranous bursa due to anastomosis between the joint cavity and the synovial bursa of the popliteal region. Trauma and/or some inflammatory diseases of the joints are the main causes of these cysts. Despite the success of endoscopic methods of treatment of this category of patients, the frequency of postoperative complications is 3-10%.

The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of the Baker's cysts treatment results using intracavitary laser obliteration and traditional cyst excision.

Materials and methods. The treatment results of 39 patients with Baker cysts, who entered the clinic for the period from 2012 to 2017, are analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 representative groups. Ultrasound-guided intracavitary laser obliteration of Baker's cyst was performed in 24 (62%) patients of the main group. Traditional radical excision of all cyst elements with application of the primary suture was performed for 15 (38%) patients of the control group. A russian single-wave programmable three-mode laser scalpel LSP - "IRE-Polyus" was used in the work.

Results. The patients of the main group had almost no pain syndrome, the duration of hospital treatment and rehabilitation were 4 times shorter than in the group of traditional operations (p≤0,05). Satisfaction with the laser treatment results of the patients from this group was 83.3%, while in the traditional treatment group - only 66.6%.

Conclusion. The minimum number of the disease recurrences after ultrasonic-controlled intracavitary laser obliteration of Baker's cysts, the simplicity and low-traumatism of manipulation, the low level of complications, coupled with the high patient satisfaction with the treatment results, set apart this technology from traditional one, which allows recommending this method for wide application.
Ivan Danilovich KOSACHEV - Colonel of medical service, Professor, Honored doctor of the Russian Federation. To the 80th of birthday
Authors: Iwanusa Sergey Yaroslavovich , Varzin Sergey Alexandrovich , Yakovlev Andrey Evgenievich
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the brilliant Russian military surgeon I. D. Kosachev. His way of life, combat and labor achievements are described in it.
Sleep Quality of Second Trimester Pregnant Women
Authors: Naviati Elsa , Anggorowati Anggorowati , Asmara FatikhuYatuni
Published: October 2019

Background: Most women experience sleep problem during pregnancy. Poor sleep can adversely affect health, also impacts critically toward the mother as well as the fetus.Accordingtothepreviousstudies,most of the results state that the sleep problem increases along with the gestational age. Yet, there search which focuses on sleep quality in the second trimester of pregnancy is limited.
Objectives: The purpose of studyistodescribesleepqualityofsecondtrimesterpregnantwomenintheSemarang City.
Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in 4 Public Health Centers of Semarang City with purposive sampling in mothers with 20-24 weeks of pregnancy. Number of respondents is 73 pregnant women. Inclusion criteria are pregnant women with 20-24 week of pregnancy, live together with husband, don’t have any chronic illness. The instrument backed up using Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI). Results was divided into 4 criteria namely severe sleep problems, some sleep problems, good shape sleep and great shape sleep. Data analysis was using a computer program.
Results:The result of the study shows that those 73 pregnant women are grouped into several categories, most of them are senior high school (64,38%), second pregnancy (37.8%), Islamic religion (98.63%), household care work (71,23%) and early adulthood (63,01%). Furthermore, it shows that most of pregnant women have a good shape sleep (52,05%), while the pregnant women who have some sleep problem are 16,44%.
Conclusion: Although the result shows that the percentage of pregnant women who has sleep problem is not as high as the ones who do not, this should not be taken for granted since this problem will inﬂuence both the mother’s and the fetus’ health conditions.For further research, it is needed to ﬁnd the causes of poor sleep quality on pregnant women to solve this problem and to prevent disease which is caused by it.
Comparison of Cold and Warm Compresses inﬂuence toward Pain in Patients with Extremity Fractures
Authors: Rahayu Trio Gustin , Sumartini Rina , Susila Arif
Published: October 2019

Background: Fracture is one of the causes of death in the world. Pain is a major symptom reported by patients with fracture.a Nonpharmacology management of pain includes stimulus and cutaneous massage, ice, and heat therapy (cold or hot compress), distraction, guided imagery, hypnosis, and relaxation techniques.
Objectives: the purpose of this study was to determine the differences of pain sensation between cold and warm compresses intervention among patients with limb fractures at the Dradjat Prawiranegara Serang Banten hospital.
Methods: A quasi-experimental method was conducted with two group pretest and posttest design for each teratments. The study was conducted in dr. Dradjat Prawiranegara hospital Serang Banten. A total of 12 respondent has participated in this study. Pain intensity was measured using a numeric rating scale.The data analysis using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis using T test (T-test) that is difference test of two independent mean.
Results: The result shows that the average intensity of pain beforecoldcompresswasgivenwas7andreduce3.13to3.83postintervention.While the average intensity of the pain before given an warm compress was 6 and 3.83 post intervention. (P = 0.000).
Conclusions: Judging from the magnitude of change in pain intensity was concluded that warm compress more effectively than cold compress to decrease pain in fracture patients.
Disclosure Process on Parents with Children with HIV: Qualitative Study
Authors: Nafsi Hani Liyah thoharotul , Srinatania Dewi
Published: October 2019

Background: The issue of the opening of the HIV status of children began to be considered essential for the health of children such as children is more enthusiastic about undergoing therapeutic treatment and this can reduce child mortality. In addition, disclosure of status to children can also help prevent transmission of HIV / AIDS to children’s friends. Children become more careful in their behavior. for what??. Disclosure is a long process and requires the preparation of children, parents, health care workers. Positive impact by opening the HIV status of children since the opening of the HIV status helps children cope coping.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore disclosure process on parents with HIV children.
Methods: This research is a qualitative descriptive study using narration. Conducted in May 2019 in Bandung City NGOs, with 6 participants determined by inclusion criteria Parents who were diagnosed with HIV positive, Having children who were diagnosed IV positive by snowball sampling techniques.Themethodofdatacollectionis45minutesof in-depth interviews and questions that focus on how parents reveal their child’s status to their children.
Results: The results of this study indicate that 5 out of 6 participants have revealed the status of children to children,5outof6parentshaveintroducedthe status of children from an early age indirectly by bringing to the clinic and community. and after the analysis process, four themes were found, namely the parents ’ignorance of the process of HIV transmission, the process of parental exposure to the child’s illness, the response of the child’s rejection to initial HIV treatment, and the parents’ feelings after revealing the child’s status.
Conclusion: conclusions in the study indicate that most parents have revealed the status of children of children, most parents have introduced their child’s status from an early age indirectly by bringing it to the clinic and the community.
The Effect of Futsal Training toward Vo2max on Teenager Students at Mts Darulmutaalimin Kadungora District in Garut Regency
Authors: Suprabasa Iba , Rahayu Sri Mulyati , Jundiah Rd. Siti , Hamzah Ali
Published: October 2019

Background: Futsal is a sport that played by the team with the aim to obtain the pleasure, the physical ﬁtness and also to achieve the optimal performance. The Futsal is able to make someone more ﬁt as well. A person’s ﬁtness can be measured by how much VO2max value.VO2max is the ability of the heart and lungs supplying the oxygen throughout the body for a long time. The factors that effect of VO2max value one of them are futsal sport makes people move and if it is done regularly and discipline will make the work of the heart and lungs increases and makes the amount of blood per beat contents being pumped throughout the body increasing, there was an increase in VO2max.
Objectives: The study aims to identify the effect of futsal training on VO2maxMTS students Darul mutaalimin Kadungora District Garut District 2018.
Methods: The type of research used pre-experiment with the design of ”one group pretest posttest”with the amount of population were as many as 109 students, the sample were 20 students, and using the random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by direct observation of the distance traveled by students for 12 minutes. The analysis method used the Parameters T-Test analysis because data were normally distributed
Results: The results showed the average VO2max value before doing the futsal training were 32.44 and after doing the futsal training, the average VO2max value was 36.70. VO2max value increasing this was signiﬁcant with P-Value (0.000)<(0.05).
Conclusion: This showed that there was an effect of futsal training on VO2max. The suggestion for Darulmutaalimin Garut MTS is that necessary to do extra extracurricular futsal sports to improve student ﬁtness so that students are not easily become sick, more active and diligent in daily learning process.
Education Degree and Age Correlated with the Injection Contraceptive Chosen Among Women of Childbearing Age in Sukajaya District, South Sumedang 2016
Authors: T.J Sitepu , K Oktaviani
Published: October 2019

Background:In2014Indonesia’sfamilyplanningparticipantstotal35,202,908(74.87%), non-contraceptive of longterm method are 84.74% more highly than participants who use are 15.26%. Using IUD contraception are (11.07%), MOW (3.52%), MOP (0.69%), condom (3.15%), implant (10.46%), pill (23.58 %) and injections (47.57%). Injection contraceptive is a way to prevent pregnancy through hormonal injection and one of the highest non-longterm contraceptive methods. Women of childbearing age who choose injection contraceptive in Sukajaya District, South Sumedang are about 568 people (62%).
Objectives: This research is to determine the correlation between age and education level of women which has childbearing age toward the selection of injection contraceptive at Sukajaya District, South Sumedang.
Methods: This research used analytic method with cross sectional design. Sampling technique used stratiﬁed randomsamplingbytaking229womenofchildbearingageassamplestorepresenting the strata randomly. The analysis used is Chi-Square.
Result: The highest choosing of injection contraceptive in the age category 20-35 years are 148 samples (64.6%) and the highest level of education graduated from junior high school are 83 samples (36.2%). While the level of education at least graduated from university are 21 samples (9.2%) which all of them choosed three months injection.
Conclusion: There is no correlation between age of women of childbearing age with selection of injection contraceptive (p-value = 0.426> 0.05). There is no correlation between education degree of women of childbearing age with chosen injection contraceptive (p-value = 0,965>0.05).
The Effectiveness of Hip and Knee Strengthening on Reducing Pain Intensity among Elderly with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Titin Marlina Theresia , Lucilla Sr , Aima Havids
Published: October 2019

Background: The population of elderly people increases from year to year along with increasing life expectancy. In 2000 the life expectancy in Indonesia was 64.5 years (with the percentage of the elderly population being 7.18%). It is estimated that the number of elderly people in 2020 reaches 9.9% of the total population in Indonesia. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that occurs in the elderly due to thinning of joint cartilage, more common in the knee joint (89.91%) with pain manifestations. If the pain cannot be overcome, it can cause limitations in movement and disturb the daily activities, then it is suggested to do physical exercise, especially strengthening exercise.
Objectives: the aimed of this study was to examine the effect of hip and knee strengthening to reducing pain in elderly patients with OA.
Methods: A quasiexperimental study with randomized pre-post-test control design conducted in May untilJuly2014inYogyakarta.Seventyrespondentswithgrade1-2OAandnothavingan increasingly severe disease by exercising recruited.OApainassessedusingnumerical pain rating scale. The ordinal regression used to analyse the data.
Results: hip and kneestrengtheninginterventionstatisticallysigniﬁcantreducedpainintensity(p=0.00). Conclusions:The result demonstrated the effectiveness of hip and knee strengthening to reduce pain in elderly patients with OA. Hip and knee strengthening intervention throughvideocanbeoneofasuggestedinterventiontoreducepaininpatientswithOA.
Conclusions:The result demonstrated the effectiveness of hip and knee strengthening to reduce pain in elderly patients with OA. Hip and knee strengthening intervention through video can be one of the suggested intervention to reduc pain in patients with OA.
Description of Health Urinary System During Pregnancy in Kedungwuni I Public Health Center Pekalongan
Authors: Nurlaela Emi , Hartanti Rita Dwi
Published: October 2019

Pregnancy brings many impacts to womens’ health un-evitably their urinary system. But least attention put to this problem. Ignored urinary system problems may cause complication for both mother and her baby such as prematurity, IUFD, LBW and pre-eclampsia.This study purposed to identify the health satus description of pregnant women urinary system in Kedungwuni 1 Public Health Center Pekalongan region. This descriptive study involved 83 participants recruited using accidental sampling. Check list for physical assessment and questionnaire were used for data collection. Result from total of 83 pregnant mothers, 40 of them were on second trimester, 82% of participants of this study were aged from 20-35 years old, most of them were junior high school graduate (42.2%) and more than half of them (54.2%) were housewife. 13.3% of participants stated feeling the pain during suprapubic palpation and lower back percussion. 25.3% mothers mentioned that they used to postpone urination, 32.5%complainedforunﬁnishedurinationand32.5%complaininghotsensationwhen urinate. This study showed that more than a quarter of the participants in this study exhibit signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. To prevent the adverse effect caused by urinaty tract infection on pregnant mothers,it is suggested to all healthcare providers involved to put more attention to this matter.
The Correlation between Parental Involvement and Social Competence Behavior of Adolescents with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Yanti Tisna , Fitrianingsih Nining , Simanjuntak Benny M.P
Published: October 2019

Five percent of the world’s children population, have signiﬁcant mental disabilities. Riskesdas reasearch in Indonesia mental retardation at the age of 24-59 months is the third highest percentage to the disability rate. One of the problems with an intellectual disability is social competence. Parental involvement is an important role in the psychosocial development of children. This research goal is to determine the correlation between parental involvement and social competence behavior in adolescents with intellectual disability in the SLB Negeri Bogor. This study was correlational analitycal with cross sectional approach. The population of the study was parents with intellectual disability adolescents who have age of 12-21 years, were 42 respondent, taken with total sampling technique. The instrument used is Albama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) 42 item and and social competences questionnaire 20 item. Validity test for social competences instrument using product moment pearson and reliability with alpha cronbach was carried out on 24 respondents on September 30, 2018. Data retrieval was conducted on November 9-12, 2018. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate tests with Chi Square test. The results showed that from 42 respondents as many as 22 (52,4%) had a high parental involvement and 22 (52,4%) respondents with high social competences with p value = 0.032 (<0,05). There is correlation between the two variables and the OR value is 3.980. Adolescent with intellectual disability had high parental involvement will result high social competence behavior.
Decision-Making Predictors of Place of Delivery in the Work Area of Petungkriyono Health Center, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java Indonesia
Authors: . Isyti’aroh , Rejeki Herni
Published: October 2019

Indonesiangovernmentrequiresmotherstogivebirthinhealthcarefacilitiestoensure that labor takes place safely in accordance with the standards of childbirth assistance. The highest number of cases of delivering babies at home in Pekalongan regency Central Java happened in district Petungkriyono 56.05% in 2016. The objective of this study was to ﬁnd out predictors and factors that closely related to decision making regarding the place of delivery. A descriptive correlative study with cross sectional design was conducted. The setting of the study was the work area of Petungkriyono Health Center in Pekalongan. A total 319 participants were chosen by the total sampling technique.Participantofthisstudywerewomenwhogavebirthintheperiod of January to December of 2017. The data were statistically tested by using multiple logistic regression test to identify the most inﬂuential variable related to decision making regarding the place of delivery.The study found that 156 (48.9%) respondents delivered at home and 163 (51.1%) delivered at health facility.. The inﬂuencing variables were attitude and value with p value 0.016 and the most inﬂuential variable is the negative value about birth in a health facility with p value 0.017 (95% CI; 1.139,3.587). Themostvariableinﬂuencingdecisionmakingregardingtheplaceofdeliveryisvalue. It is suggested for health care providers to considering the aspects of value to build the trust in the community while conducting an education program.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL DIRECTIONS OF INTEGRATIVE PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTATION FOR ADOLESCENT CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ADAPTATION
Authors: B. Beregovaya Elena , B. Ushakova Olga , A. Antonova Marina , G. Pak Liubov , R. Saitbaeva Elvira , K. Musafirov Mickhail , V. Olinder Marina , E. Savenko Oksana
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of organizational and methodical directions of the programs’ complex for creative development and social adaptation of modern adolescents in difficult situations.

Methodology: The study is based on the analysis of somatic and psychological changes taking place in the process of becoming a teenager, which are reflected in the biological, mental and cognitive processes. The identified components determined the grounds for the development of the structure and mechanisms of childhood social risk management.

Results: It is shown that the understanding of somatic and psychological changes occurring in the process of a teenager formation, which is reflected in the biological, mental, cognitive processes, is the basis for the development of the structure and mechanisms for childhood social risks’ management in the course of an integrative program of any profile. Organizational aspects of preparation and carrying out of actions within such programs are defined. Provisions defining immanent social teaching and educational effects, including prevention of the deviant behavior, increase of educational results’ level, growth of teenagers’ cognitive interest to self-development and self-education, increase of teenagers’ motivation to active and initiative inclusion in development of the program content are allocated. The scientific-methodical and pedagogical experience of the organization of exit integrative programs, the use of pedagogical strategies of which allows achieving positive dynamics of teenagers’ creative development trajectory and social adaptation is briefly described.

Applications of this study: Suggested by the author's program increases the growth of teenagers’ cognitive interest to self-development and self-education, increases the teenagers’ motivation and may be used by psychologists and teachers in educational system of all levels.  

Novelty/Originality of this study: It is proved that the understanding of somatic, cognitive, social changes in the process of a teenager’s formation and compliance with certain organizational rules of activities that take into account the specifics of this age period, increase the motivation of adolescents, their involvement in the development of the program’s content, stimulate the growth of cognitive interest of adolescents to self-development and self-education.
STUDENT ATTITUDE TO ETHICAL CONSUMPTION AS NEW ECOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: V. Baranov Vladimir , I. Cherdymova Elena , B. Novikov Sergey , V. Lukina Elena , A. Kazurov Olga , A. Korzhanova Alla , A. Gurbanov Ramin
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: The aim of this article is to analyze the attitude of students to ethical consumption as a new environmental practice; to explore current research on ethical consumption.

Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem are the methods of questioning and testing, allowing to make a qualitative analysis of the students' attitude to the new environmental practice – ethical consumption and contributing to a more detailed identification of such issues as: knowledge of students about ethical consumption; students' attitude to separate waste disposal; students' attitude to the use of environmental packaging products; identification of students' practices of secondary consumption.

Results: The article deals with the theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis of students' attitudes to ethical consumption as a new environmental practice. It is established that the level of students' awareness of ethical consumption is low. The proportion of informed students among social and humanities specialties is twice more than high as students of technical specialties. It is revealed that more than a third of respondents do not know about the production of environmentally friendly goods.  Almost all students are aware of the separate disposal of garbage and believe that it is necessary to install the appropriate bins. More than half of students are ready to sort garbage in the presence of such containers, and the readiness of humanitarians is 1.5 times higher than that of students of technical specialties. The main reasons why respondents would not buy goods in eco-friendly packaging are the lack of funds and the lack of sense for students. The majority of students believe the practice of secondary consumption to be popular one. 

Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in environmental psychology, social psychology, pedagogy, the psychology of education, age psychology, sociology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of this article lies in the analysis of the social phenomenon of ethical consumption, which implies that only purchase and consumption of those goods, the production of which does not cause great harm to the environment, those goods in the production of which are not infringed the rights of the worker and moreover child labor is not used, and most importantly the recycling of waste after consumption of the product will not harm nature is ethical one.
CONDITIONS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN POLISH SMES QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Gębczyńska Magdalena , Kwiotkowska Anna
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study investigated the simultaneous impact of conditions on employee's job satisfaction in Polish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Methodology: This study used the survey technique to better understand the determinants of job satisfaction the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs/QCA) was preferred. Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a widely used method in the field of political science and sociology. In recent years, the use of the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs/QCA) in business and management research has also increased.

Result: The results of our empirical study contribute to research on job satisfaction by presenting several conditions that create constellations affecting employee job satisfaction in Polish SMEs. The results certify previous research on employee satisfaction, exploring the important factors such as: organizational identification, co-workers support, rewards, supervisor relationship and quality of work life. It is worth noting that our research contributes to different constellations lead to job satisfaction by investigating the effect of all of selected conditions simultaneously.

Applications: This finding can be useful for small and medium enterprises to enhance employee job satisfaction, which in turn translates into the results of the entire organization.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of conditions affecting employee job satisfaction in polish SMEs, a qualitative comparative analysis is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Transhumanism as a Challenge to the Medical Doctor-Patient Relation
Authors: Miksa Joanna
Published: October 2019

In this paper I undertake to analyze the way in which the arrival of HETs may influence the therapeutic relationship between the medical doctor and the patient. I begin with presenting he notion of transhumanism, insisting especially on the fact that some of the technologies that can be classified as HETs are already in use. As a result, the traditionally difficult task of defining health and a disease is becoming even more complicated. This circumstance poses the risk that medical doctors in their relationship with the patient, because of the possibilities offered by new technologies, will oscillate in their professional practice between helping the patient to recover and satisfying needs that are not justified by the considerations of health. I will try to show how the therapeutic relationship between the medical doctor and the patient may be transformed because of new technologies by using the example of IVF procedure applied to postmenopausal patients. In order to understand why the relationship between the medical doctors and their patients is so vulnerable in the context of transhumanism, I propose to re-analyze the most basic notions which help us understand the nature of the therapeutic relationship: the status of medicine as contrasted with technology, basic principles of medical ethics, the notion of a disease and an illness.
Über Sokratische Weisheit als intellektuelle Bescheidenheit
Authors: Löhrer Guido
Published: October 2019

In Platons Apologie des Sokrates zeichnet sich eine auf menschliche Art weise Person durch ihre Fähigkeit aus, den epistemischen Status und den Wert ihrer Meinungen über Sachverhalte korrekt zu beurteilen. Sie weiß, ob es sich bei ihnen um Wissen oder bloß um Meinung handelt, aber auch, ob sie etwas nicht weiß. Es ist zudem eine breit geteilte Auffassung, dass intellektuelle Bescheidenheit, obwohl nicht dasselbe wie Weisheit, ein bedeutender Aspekt der Weisheit ist. Doch wenn die hier vorgestellten Überlegungen triftig sind und das Spektrum der relevanten Deutungen abdecken, ist das für Sokratische Weisheit nicht haltbar. Denn die Bedingungen für korrekte Urteile über den epistemischen Status der eigenen Meinungen sind so anspruchsvoll, dass fehlbare Wesen, die ein entsprechendes Wissen zweiter Stufe beanspruchen, nicht anders als epistemisch unbescheiden sein können. Wenn Sokratische Weisheit epistemische Bescheidenheit verlangt, ist Sokrates nicht weise.
Was macht Entscheidungen zu weisen Entscheidungen?
Authors: Schönrich Gerhard
Published: October 2019

Der Begriff einer weisen Entscheidung ist methodisch leichter zugänglich als der allgemeine Begriff der Weisheit. Wenn wir wissen, was weise Entscheidungen ausmacht, dann öffnet sich uns auch ein Zugang zu den entsprechenden Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten einer Person. Die Abhandlung soll zeigen, dass sich eine Analyse weiser Entscheidungen nicht auf eine attributive Lesart: „S entscheidet weise“ beschränken kann, sondern die adverbiale Lesart: „S entscheidet sich auf eine weise Art“ berücksichtigen muss. Die externalistische Perspektive der ersten Lesart führt zwar zu einer notwendigen qualitativen Bedingung (langfristige Verbesserung der Situation für möglichst viele Beteiligte), der jede weise Entscheidung im Resultat gerecht werden muss. Erst die internalistische Perspektive der zweiten Lesart entspricht unseren Intuitionen, dass ein solches Resultat nicht zufällig zustande gekommen sein darf, sondern sich bestimmten epistemischen Leistungen des Akteurs verdankt, wie seiner Urteilskompetenz und Reflexionsfähigkeit der Gründe für die Entscheidung. Diese Leistungen schließen insbesondere die Meta-Fähigkeit, erststufige Gründe von zweitstufigen Gründen zu trennen ein, die sich nicht auf den Wert, den das Objekt der Entscheidung hat beziehen, sondern auf den Wert der Einstellung, die der Entscheidung zugrunde liegt.
Lekceważone potencjały i narosłe nieporozumienia: kilka uwag o metodzie autobiograficznego wywiadu narracyjnego Fritza Schützego
Authors: Waniek Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

W dobie rosnącej popularności metody autobiograficznego wywiadu narracyjnego wypracowanej przez Fritza Schützego coraz częściej spotkać możemy błędne jej interpretacje i zastosowania. Wielu badaczy, znając ją fragmentarycznie, wysuwa wobec niej zarzuty zupełnie nietrafione. Pojawiają się też liczne publikacje, które mają zapobiec lub naprawić niedostatki zarówno jeśli chodzi o technikę zbierania danych, analizę zgromadzonego materiału czy też teoretyczne podstawy i epistemologiczne założenia metody. Artykuł ten – odwołując się do purystycznej wykładni koncepcji Schützego przedstawionej na tle historii rozwoju metody biograficznej – ma na celu wyjaśnienie niektórych narosłych wokół niej nieporozumień i wskazać ich źródła. Będzie tu zatem mowa o: często ułudnym poznawczym zysku płynącym z interdyscyplinarności i łączenia technik badawczych, fałszywych założeniach epistemologicznych, niebezpiecznym pomieszaniu autoteorii narratora z teoriami badacza, „rozczarowaniu” narratorem, o jedynie pozornej łatwości techniki wywiadu narracyjnego oraz zdroworozsądkowych (nieugruntowanych w tekście) interpretacjach.
Sociological Intervention «a la polonaise»: Alain Touraine’s Method in the Polish Context
Authors: Frybes Marcin
Published: October 2019

In 1981, the French sociologist Alain Touraine (with a group of Polish young sociologists led by the veteran of Polish sociology – Jan Strzelecki), conducted a famous research on the Solidarity Movement with the use of a new and distinct method of investigation called “sociological intervention.” It was the first time that Polish sociologists, who were trained in a specific combination of Marxist and positivist traditions, had experienced this kind of ‘hard’ qualitative methodology. The reactions were mixed and the general approach was rather cautious. Nevertheless, the sociological intervention method has since been used several times by Polish scientists. The aim of this paper is to summarize these experiences.
Esej recenzyjny: Ćwiek-Rogalska Karolina (2017) Zapamiętane w krajobrazie. Krajobraz kulturowy czesko-niemieckiego pogranicza w czasach przemian. Warszawa Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar
Authors: Biernacka Maja
Published: October 2019

Jest to artykuł recenzyjny poświęcony książce Karoliny Ćwiek-Rogalskiej pod tytułem Zapamiętane w krajobrazie. Krajobraz kulturowy czesko-niemieckiego pogranicza w czasach przemian. Książka dotyczy przemian w krajobrazie kulturowym terenów przynależnych współcześnie do Republiki Czeskiej i leżących przy jej niemieckiej granicy w okresie od powstania Czechosłowacji, to jest od 1918 roku do współczesności. Przedstawione są w niej badania terenowe autorki przeprowadzone w latach 2012–2014 w gminie Dolní Žandov (niem. Unter Sandau), należącej do powiatu Cheb, mieszczącym się w kraju karlowarskim. Stanowią one etnograficzny spacer po gminie, uzupełniony przez dodatkowe badania poza jej granicami oraz analizę materiałów archiwalnych.
Pig populations at risk of Taenia solium cysticercosis and subsequent financial losses in West and Central Africa
Authors: Assana Emmanuel , Awah-Ndukum Julius , Zoli André Pagnah , Etchike Clément Agnem , Mebenga Aristide Sassa , Chepnda Vitalis , Donadeu Meritxell , Dungu Baptiste
Published: October 2019

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a serious problem for pig breeders and a major public health risk in Africa. There is growing interest in eradicating porcine cysticercosis in endemic areas to reduce or eliminate indirectly human taeniasis and neurocysticercosis. However, there is a lack of reliable data on pig populations affected by the disease because of the unavailability of specific diagnostic tools. A stochastic model helped to estimate pig populations at risk of T. solium cysticercosis, prevalence of the disease, and related financial losses in West and Central Africa. Results revealed that over 16 million pigs (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.7–20.1) were kept in conditions favorable to T. solium cysticercosis. The estimated number of pigs infected with this disease was 6.89 million (95% CI: 4.26–9.88), i.e. 30.0% prevalence (95% CI: 26.6–43.8). The estimated direct financial losses for pig farmers and traders were 165 million euros (95% CI: 117.2–213.0). The study highlights the needs to raise awareness on the situation and implement control measures against T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in both regions.
Impact de la sédentarisation des éleveurs sur la production bovine au nord du Bénin
Authors: Sounon Adam K.L.S. , Ickowicz Alexandre , Lesnoff Matthieu , Messad Samir , Valls-Fox Hugo , Houinato Marcel R.B.
Published: October 2019

Deux principaux systèmes d’élevage bovin cohabitent dans le bassin de la Donga au nord du Bénin : l’élevage semi-sédentaire et l’élevage mobile. Ce bassin, situé dans la zone agroécologique subhumide de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, a subi ces dernières décennies deux changements majeurs : a) une augmentation des besoins en produits animaux et b) l’expansion des terres cultivées qui entraîne une diminution de l’accès aux ressources fourragères et à l’eau, une plus grande mobilité des troupeaux, et des conflits plus fréquents entre cultivateurs et éleveurs mobiles. Face à ces contraintes, les pouvoirs publics privilégient la sédentarisation des éleveurs mobiles. L’élevage mobile étant pourvoyeur de jeunes animaux aux élevages semi-sédentaires, la dynamique de sédentarisation crée une incertitude quant à l’approvisionnement de la région en bétail bovin et en viande par un élevage semi-sédentaire qui deviendrait largement majoritaire. Pour appréhender la question de besoins croissants en produits animaux, la production de bétail a été simulée afin d’évaluer l’effet d’une incitation des pouvoirs publics à la sédentarisation des éleveurs mobiles. Les productivités numérique et en viande ont été simulées sous différentes hypothèses d’amélioration des performances zootechniques des élevages semi-sédentaires. L’ensemble des scénarios ont été construits à partir de l’hypothèse de l’augmentation du cheptel semi-sédentaire directement liée à la sédentarisation d’une partie des éleveurs mobiles. Une simulation obtenue à l’aide du modèle de projection démographique Dynmod suggère que la sédentarisation des éleveurs mobiles romprait la complémentarité locale entre les systèmes d’élevage et conduirait à une perte de production de viande. En outre, aucun des scénarios d’amélioration explorés ne suffirait à compenser la perte de production de viande résultant de la politique de sédentarisation. Pour maintenir la production de viande bovine par les éleveurs semi-sédentaires il faudrait développer les liens commerciaux régionaux avec les élevages des pays sahéliens.
La tique du bétail en Nouvelle-Calédonie : synthèse sur 75 ans de présence et 60 ans de recherche. Une histoire locale pour un enseignement global
Authors: Hüe Thomas
Published: October 2019

Alors que les premiers bovins étaient présents depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle en Nouvelle-Calédonie, la tique du bétail, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), y fut malencontreusement introduite en 1942. Du jour au lendemain, ce parasite a bouleversé l’élevage bovin, modifié les habitudes des éleveurs et marqué la vie en brousse au rythme des rentrées de bétail pour la baignade acaricide. Soixante-quinze ans plus tard, il façonne encore le paysage calédonien en obligeant une majorité des éleveurs à abandonner les races historiques, trop sensibles à la tique, au profit de races plus résistantes. Les premiers programmes de recherche visant à contrôler ce parasite ont vu le jour il y a près de 60 ans. Ils ont généré des informations permettant de proposer aujourd’hui différents outils aux éleveurs calédoniens pour maintenir leurs élevages malgré cette pression parasitaire. La synthèse des données sur ces décennies de présence de la tique et de recherche indique que les éleveurs ont dû s’adapter à ce problème au risque de voir leur activité mise en péril, mais également que la gestion à venir de ce parasite ne pourra plus reposer uniquement sur l’usage des acaricides chimiques du fait de la résistance développée par R. microplus. Une attention particulière doit être apportée à la détermination des demandes des éleveurs au-delà des besoins identifiés par la recherche et les services techniques, afin de faciliter l’adhésion de tous aux solutions proposées.
Preliminary study on potential mechanical vectors of animal trypanosomes in the Far North region of Cameroon
Authors: Suh Pierre Fongho , Njiokou Flobert , Garabed Rebecca , Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini , Arabi Mouhaman , Malam Ahmadou Tidjani
Published: October 2019

An entomological study was carried out in the Far North region of Cameroon – historically known focus for animal trypanosomosis and declared tsetse free in the late 1970s – to determine the potential mechanical vectors for trypanosomes and their spatial preference in this region. Thirty-one Nzi traps were installed at 6:30–8:00 a.m. in Goulfey, Madiako canton and Darack karena in Logone and Chari Division, as well as in Guidiguis, Kalfou and Maga-Guirvidig in two other divisions. They were visited after 10–11 hours of exposition. The sampling lasted one day. A total of 20,084 hematophagous flies (865 Stomoxys and 19,219 tabanids) were collected. Stomoxys niger was the only Stomoxyinae species caught, whereas five species of tabanids were collected: Atylotus agrestis, A. albipalpus, A. fuscipes, Tabanus taeniola and T. biguttatus. A. agrestis was by far the most prevalent species (92.7%), followed by T. taeniola (7.1%). The apparent densities of 50.1, 409.4 and 1499.0 tabanids per trap per day in Guidiguis, Goulfey and Madiako canton, respectively, were significantly different (p = 0.0002). Tabanids were more abundant in campsites than in pastures and water points. Atylotus agrestis seemed to be the major potential mechanical vector of trypanosomes in the area.
Gençlerin Kırmızı Et Tüketim Tercihlerinin Analizi: Ege Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği
Authors: TAŞKIN Turgay , ENGİNDENİZ Sait , GBADAMONSİ Awo Abdoulaye , KANDEMİR Çağrı , KOŞUM Nedim
Published: October 2019

Amaç:
Bu araştırma, Ege Üniveristesi (Bornova-İzmir) kampüsündeki farklı fakültelerde
eğitim gören lisans öğrencilerinin sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik özelliklerini
ortaya koymak ve kırmızı et tüketim tercihlerini etkileyen özellikleri belirlemek
amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Materyal:
Araştırmanın ana materyalini, Ege Ünivesitesinin farklı fakültelerinde okuyan
lisans öğrencilerinden anket yoluyla elde edilen orijinal veriler
oluşturmaktadır. Ege Üniversitesinde 2019 yılı itibariyle 34.986 öğrenci
kayıtlı durumdadır. Halen üniversiteye bağlı 16 fakülte bulunmakta ve kayıtlı
öğrencilerin yaklaşık %85’i bu fakültelerde eğitim görmektedir. Araştırmada
üniversiteye kayıtlı toplam öğrenci sayısı anakitle kabul edilmiş ve oransal örnekleme
ile 380 öğrenci kapsama alınmıştır.

Bulgular:
Ankete katılanların %92.4’ünün kırmızı et tükettiği, %12.9’unun ise tüketmediği
saptanmıştır. Kırmızı etin hayvan türlerine göre tüketim tercihi sırası; sığır
(%95.4), koyun (%37.1) ve keçi (%12.9) dir. Gençler, eti, kıyılmış et (%61.8),
parça et (%58.1) ve kemikli et (%33.3) olarak almayı tercih etmektedir. Kırmızı
eti, sebze yemeklerinin içinde (%69.2), ızgara (%66.4), fırında (%40.5) ve
haşlama (%18.8) olarak tükettilmektedir. Kırmızı et satın alımında hijyen
(%82.6), tazelik (%82.3), temizlik (%81.8) ve güvenilirlik (%72.4) öne çıkan
özelliklerdir.

Sonuç: Kırmızı et tüketiminin arttırılması,  ucuz kaba yemlerin (silaj vb) kullanması,
üretici ile tüketici arasındaki aracı sayısının azaltılmasıyla olasıdır.
Günümüzde tüketicinin daha bilinçli hale gelmesi amacıyla kırmızı etin besin
madde içeriği ve insan sağlığındaki önemi hakkında çeşitli bilgilendirmeler
yapılmalııdır.
Ben Düşme Dönemi ve Sonrası Uygulanan Antitranspirantların Tane ve Salkım Özellikleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KORKUTAL İlknur , BAHAR Elman , GÜVEMLİ DÜNDAR Damla
Published: October 2019

Sonuç: Trakya Bölgesi, Edirne ili koşullarında yetiştirilen
Cabernet-Sauvignon üzüm çeşidinin istenilen tane ve salkım özelliklerini
taşıması ve kaliteli üzüm elde edilebilmesi için Olgunluk Öncesi dönemde Vapor
Gard uygulaması tavsiye edilebilir.

Bulgular: Tane özellikleri açısından Olgunluk Öncesi dönemde
Kontrol uygulamasının yanı sıra Vapor Gard
uygulaması istenilen değerleri
sağlamıştır. Salkım özelliklerini Olgunluk Öncesi dönemde yapılan Vapor Gard
uygulaması iyileştirmiştir. Verim ise Ben Düşme döneminde yapılan Vapor Gard
uygulaması ile artış göstermiştir.

Materyal
ve Metot: Çalışma Trakya
Bölgesi, Edirne merkez ilçede İskender Köyü’nde, 12 yaşındaki Cabernet-Sauvignon/110R
aşı kombinasyonu omcalarıyla 2018 yılında yürütülmüştür. Denemede Ben Düşme
(BD), Yarı Olgunluk (YO) ve Olgunluk Öncesi (OÖ) olmak üzere üç ayrı dönemde ve
üç farklı antitranspirant uygulaması (Kontrol, Vapor Gard, Kaolin) yapılmıştır.
Tane özellikleri (tane eni-boyu, tane yaş-kuru ağırlığı, % Kuru
ağırlık, tane hacmi,
100 tane ağırlığı, tane kabuk
alanı, TKA/TEH, tane özağırlığı)
ve salkım özellikleri (salkım eni-boyu,
salkım ağırlığı-hacmi, salkımdaki tane sayısı ve salkım sıklığı) ile verim belirlenmiştir.

Amaç: Bu araştırmada ben düşme dönemi ve sonrasında
uygulanan antitranspirantların Cabernet-Sauvignon/110R aşı kombinasyonu omcalarında
tane ve salkım özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.
Modern Agoraların Işıltılı Yüzü: Estetik Emek
Authors: BAŞCI Emre
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada; İzmir’de farklı semtlerde konumlanmış alışveriş merkezlerinde çalışan satış görevlilerinin çalışma hayatlarının görünür yüzünü oluşturan estetik emek olgusu mercek altına alınmaktadır. Son on senede popüler yaşam alanları hâline gelen—alışveriş, yemek, eğlence, spor, eğitim, hobi ve iş olanakları sunan—alışveriş merkezlerinin çalışanlar üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya konulması birçok akademik disiplin açısından önem taşımaktadır. Karma araştırma metodolojisinden yararlanılan bu çalışmada, sekiz farklı AVM’de çalışan satış görevlileri ile anketler doldurulmuş ve derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıntılı analizler sonucunda estetik emek olgusunun çalışanların birçoğu tarafından olumsuz olarak algılanmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Estetik emek, işe ilişkin deneyimlenen dezavantajlar arasında son sırada yer almaktadır. Buna karşın; olumsuz olarak görülen estetik emek unsurları, zorunlu kıyafetin fonksiyonel yetersizliği ve çalışana getirdiği ekstra maliyetler ve çalışanın kişisel tarzına yapılan müdahaleler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Estetik denetimin sadece işverenden çalışana doğru değil, çalışanlar arasında da yoğun bir şekilde uygulanan bir pratik olduğu anlaşılmaktadır