bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alginate Based Microparticle Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Eye Cancer
Authors: Batyrbekov Yerkesh O , Rakhimbaeva Dinara , Musabekov Kuanyshbek , Zhubanov Bulat
Published: January 2010

Alginate based microparticle drug delivery systems were prepared for the sustained release of antitumor drugs. Two drugs, cyclophosphane and 5-fluorouracil, were encapsulated into the microparticles. The drug loaded microparticles were fabricated using a very convenient method under very mild conditions by the gelation of alginate with calcium cation. Modified microparticles were obtained by syringed dropwise a solution of drugs in sodium alginate into chitosan solution in calcium chloride. The effect of polymers concentration and the drug loading (1.0, 5.0 and 10%) on the release profile of drugs were investigated. The amount of drug release was much higher initially (approximately 25%), followed by a constant slow release profile. All the release data show the typical pattern for a matrix controlled mechanism. The cumulative amount of drug released from alginate gels was linearly related to the square root of the time and the release rate decreased this time. The process is controlled by the diffusion of antitumor drugs through the chitosan coating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis revealed differences between the formulations as to their appearance and size distribution. The experiments for anticancer action of alginate microparticles were determined at 120 inbreeded white rats (females, weight 120-125 g, age 2-3 month) infected by malignant Rhabdomyoma strain at the dose of 10 000 cells. Medical-biological tests show that the duration of anticancer activity for the drug-containing alginate microparticles increases at 5-8 times in comparison of free drugs. Such systems may have potential for controlled delivery of antitumor drugs for the treatment of eye cancer
Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Properties of Mg-Cu, Mg-Al Eutectic Alloy
Authors: Shin Ho , Eto Yuma , Takeshita Hiroyuki T. , Tanaka Koji
Published: January 2010

Mg has 7.6 mass% of high gravimetric hydrogen density, an abundance of resources and inexpensive price compared with other functional materials. Owing to these merits, it has been the major subject of hydrogen storage study. However, it is unsuitable for practical application due to thermodynamic stability and slow kinetics of Mg hydride. Therefore, many ways such as fabrication of nanocrystalline or addition of catalyst have been proposed to solve the problems of Mg hydride system. Copper and aluminum are inexpensive and can obtain easily as well as Mg. Each eutectic alloy could be produced by sintering process and observed improvement of reaction with hydrogen. Mg2Cu laminate, one phase of Mg-Cu eutectic alloy, could also be produced by cold-rolling process, and it showed reversible reaction with hydrogen, at this study.
Aluminum Thermo Compression Bonding Characterization
Authors: Cakmak Erkan , Dragoi Viorel , Pabo Eric , Matthias Thorsten , Alford T. L.
Published: January 2010

Wafer level bonding is an important technology for the manufacturing of numerous Microelectromechanical Systems. In this work the aluminum thermo-compression wafer bonding is characterized. The effects and significance of various bond process parameters and surface treatment methods are reported on the final bond interfaces integrity and strength. Experimental variables include the bonding temperature, bonding time, and bonding atmosphere (forming gas and inert gas). Bonded wafer samples were investigated with scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and four point bending test. Interfacial adhesion energy and bond quality were found to be positively correlated with bonding temperature. A bonding temperature of 500 °C or greater is necessary to obtain bond strengths of 8-10 J/m2.
MD Simulation of Dislocation Dynamics in Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Kogure Yoshiaki , Kogugi Toshio , Nozaki Tadatoshi , Doyama Masao
Published: January 2010

Atomistic configuration and motion of dislocation have been simulated by means of molecular dynamics method. The embedded atom method potential for copper is adopted in the simulation. Model crystal is a rectangular solid containing about 140,000 atoms. An edge dislocation is introduced along [112] direction near the center of model crystal, and the system is relaxed. After the dislocation configuration is stabilized, a shear stress is applied and released. Wavy motion of dislocation is developed on the Peierls valleys when the free boundary condition is adopted. Motion of pinned dislocation is also simulated.
Aiding the Design of Radiation Resistant Materials with Multiphysics Simulations of Damage Processes
Authors: Race C. P. , Mason D. R. , Le Page J. , Finnis M. W. , Foulkes W. M.C. , Sutton A. P.
Published: January 2010

The design of metals and alloys resistant to radiation damage involves the physics of
electronic excitations and the creation of defects and microstructure. During irradiation damage of metals by high energy particles, energy is exchanged between ions and electrons. Such “non-adiabatic” processes violate the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, on which all conservative classical interatomic potentials rest. By treating the electrons of a metal explicitly and quantum mechanically we are able to explore the influence of electronic excitations on the ionic motion during irradiation damage. Simple theories suggest that moving ions should feel a damping force proportional to their velocity and directly opposed to it. In contrast, our simulations of a forced oscillating ion have revealed the full complexity of this force: in reality it is anisotropic and dependent on the ion velocity and local atomic environment. A large set of collision cascade simulations has allowed us to explore the form of the damping force further. We have a means of testing various schemes in the literature for incorporating such a force within molecular dynamics (MD) against our semi-classical evolution with explicitly modelled electrons. We find that a model in which the damping force is dependent upon the local electron density is superior to a simple fixed damping model. We also find that applying a lower kinetic energy cut-off for the damping force results in a worse model. A detailed examination of the nature of the forces reveals that there is much scope for further improving the electronic force models within MD.
General Photon Counting Model for Beam Splitters and Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Häyrynen Teppo , Oksanen Jani , Tulkki Jukka
Published: January 2010

Creating a single photon to a light field or removing a single photon from a light field reveals interesting quantum phenomena. For theoretical modeling and understanding of these experiments it is essential to be able to model the coupling of the optical field to the measurement apparatus. We investigate a cascaded field–quantum system–reservoir setup to obtain a theoretical model that can, in contrast to previous models, simultaneously model both the weak and the strong coupling regimes of the field–detector system. Furthermore, our theory can be applied to model optical fields coupled to dissipative systems or to active amplifying systems including for example operation of various optical instruments and devices, such as detectors, LEDs and lasers.
Teaching Materials' Properties to K-12 Students Using a Sensor Board
Authors: Pierratos Theodoros , Koltsakis Evangelos , Polatoglou Hariton M.
Published: January 2010

In this work we present two teaching modules, based on the combination of Scratchboard and Scratch, to be used for the study of materials' thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and heat capacity. These properties are very important for the understanding of many applications. In the design of the modules we have taken into account two scenarios, one for elementary and secondary school students and one for high school students. This determines not only the type of measurement and the analysis of the data but also the Scratch interface. The main emphasis for the lower grades is placed on the introduction of the concepts and a demonstration of the differences of the properties of different materials, while for the upper grades for making accurate measurements through inquiry based projects. Both modules have been implemented in a high school laboratory, providing reliable measurements and engaging the students in a higher level than usually.
Supporting Content Learning for English Learners
Authors: Bauer Eurydice B. , Manyak Patrick C. , Cook Crystal
Published: January 2010

In this column, the three authors address the teaching of ELs within the content areas. Specifically, they highlight the difference between having language and content objectives, utilizing small‐group work to maximize involvement, and inclusion of beginning English speakers into the learning process. Currently there is a gap of 36 points between native English and EL students. Therefore, it is important to examine the nature of instruction provided to EL students.

في هذا العمود يتناول المؤلفون الثلاث تعليم دارسي اللغة الإنكليزية في مجال المحتوى خصوصاً وأنهم يسلطون الضوء على الاختلاف بين وجود أغراض اللغة والمحتوى واستخدام العمل في مجموعات صغيرة كي يبلغ الحد الأقصى من الاشتراك وإدخال متكلمي اللغة الإنكليزية في عملية التعلم. وحالياً يوجد هنالك ثغرة بين ناطقي اللغة الإنكليزية ودارسيها بمقدار 36 نقطة وبالتالي إنه مهم لفحص طبيعة التعليم المتوفر لطلاب اللغة الإنكليزية.

在本期专栏里，三位作者探讨在学科知识范畴内的英语学习者教学问题。他们具体说明：语文教学目标与学科知识教学目标两者之间的差别，如何利用小组教学形式令学生充分参与学习，以及如何把英语初学者纳入语文及学科知识的学习过程中。目前，母语是英语的学生与学习英语的学生在成绩上有36点之差距。因此，剖析给予英语学习者的教学性质是至为重要。

Dans cette rubrique, les trois auteurs s'intéressent à l'enseignement de l'anglais langue étrangère dans différents domaines disciplinaires. Plus précisément, ils mettent en lumière la différence entre objectifs en langue et objectifs dans les disciplines, en faisant appel au travail en petits groupes pour maximiser l'investissement, et l'inclusion de personnes commençant à parler anglais dans le processus d'apprentissage. Il y a habituellement une différence de 36 points entre les élèves dont l'anglais est la langue maternelle et les autres. Il est par conséquent important d'examiner la nature de l'enseignement fourni aux élèves dont l'anglais n'est pas la langue maternelle.

В этом выпуске рубрики три автора делятся своими соображениями об обучении различным учебным предметам детей, для которых английский язык не является родным (EL). В частности, они подчеркивают, в чем состоит разница между языковыми и предметными задачами, объясняют, как организовать работу в малых группах, чтобы максимально вовлечь учащихся в учебный процесс – даже тех, кто только начинает изучать английский. В настоящее время среди учащихся разница между носителями английского языка и EL составляет 36 пунктов. Поэтому важно исследовать саму природу процесса обучения EL учеников.

En esta columna, los tres autores abordan el tema de la enseñanza de estudiantes de inglés (ELs por sus siglas en inglés) en los cursos de contenido. Subrayan especialmente la diferencia en las metas de la enseñanza del lenguaje y las de los cursos de contenido, en el uso de trabajos hecho en grupos pequeños para llevar al máximo la participación del estudiante, y en el incluir a estudiantes de inglés principiantes en el proceso del aprendizaje. En este momento hay una diferencia de 36 puntos entre los estudiantes cuya lengua materna es el inglés y los que están aprendiendo inglés. Por lo tanto, es importante examinar el tipo de instrucción que se les da a los estudiantes de inglés.
Weetwood Bridge stabilisation, UK
Authors: Brewis P. A. , Brown D. W.
Published: January 2010

This paper describes the design and construction processes involved in the stabilisation of Weetwood Bridge, Wooler, Northumberland. The bridge is a scheduled ancient monument and is located in a setting of high landscape value, especially when seen from the adjacent B6348 road with a back-drop of the Cheviot Hills. The bridge had severe structural problems apparent in the cracking of the arch barrel and tilting of the approach walls. The parameters that affected the design and construction of the stabilisation works are presented together with the issues encountered when working on an ancient monument in a site of special scientific interest with roosting bats present. The expertise of the in-house design team and specialist bridge workers delivered an innovative solution that resulted in the structure being repaired, conserved and subsequently removed from the ‘at risk’ register of English Heritage. The external appearance of the bridge remained unaltered but importantly the scheme took account of the principles of historic conservation in disturbing as little as possible of the historic fabric.
Design and construction of Clackmannanshire Bridge, Scotland
Authors: Bourne S. , Minto B. , Platt F. , Slater D.
Published: January 2010

The Clackmannanshire bridge at Kincardine, Scotland is not only one of the largest bridges in the UK, but is also the second longest incrementally launched bridge in the world. The 1188 m long bridge provides relief to Kincardine on a route that crosses the Firth of Forth immediately upstream of the existing Kincardine Bridge. The environmental sensitivities of the Forth estuary have shaped almost every aspect of the scheme, including route selection, structural form, construction methods and programme.
The mediation of construction disputes: recent research
Authors: Gould N. , King C.
Published: January 2010

Mediation can no longer be said to be a new phenomenon for the resolution of construction disputes. It has been used, in the commercial context, for the resolution of disputes in a wide range of industry sectors both before the commencement of and during formal proceedings. There are some useful data in respect of the use and effectiveness of mediation in the construction industry and court-annexed mediation services, however these are mainly anecdotal. In order properly to assess the effectiveness and cost savings associated with mediation in the construction industry, an industry-based survey was developed between King’s College London and the Technology and Construction Court. This paper explores the results of that survey which indicate that the court appears to be dealing with fewer disputes which relate to changes in the scope of works, project delays and site conditions than those generally arising 10 years ago. The incentives to consider mediation provided for by the Civil Procedure Rules appear to be effective; and that those advising the parties to construction disputes now routinely consider mediation to try and bring about a resolution of the dispute. It is clear that mediation has transformed from a novel idea to an indispensable tool for construction litigators.
Briefing: Dividing up risk on UK defence estate works
Authors: Dye John V. H. , Simpson Yvonne M.
Published: January 2010

Regional prime contracting consists of a number of 7–10-year frameworks for the maintenance and improvement of the UK Ministry of Defence estate. Part of the regional prime contractor’s remit is to undertake capital works up to £15 million in value and whose core procurement method is design and construct. Due to the need for early contractor involvement, there can be no affordable, pre-agreed fixed price for these complex projects due to the risk permutations. This paper discusses the methodology behind the management of these projects so they are progressed quickly using maximum price target cost. Adapted from Ministry of Defence equipment procurement, this assesses cost and risk including a pain/gain sharing mechanism. A crucial element is the risk register and the mathematical assessment of uncertainty. By these measures, the project team is able to successfully manage cost and risk while achieving known improvements to timescales of 25%. There is anecdotal evidence that the period from inception to site commencement may improve by up to 50% in comparison with traditional fixed-price procurement.
Compression of the cervical internal carotid artery by the stylopharyngeus muscle: an anatomical study with potential clinical significance
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios , Dixon Joshua , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: January 2010

Object

Occasionally, the internal carotid artery (ICA) may be symptomatically compressed in the neck by an elongated styloid process. The authors are unaware, however, of any study to date in which the aim was to describe the compression of this part of the ICA by surrounding muscles extending from the styloid process.

Methods

In 20 adult cadavers (40 sides), dissection of the cervical ICA was performed, with special attention given to the relationship between this artery and the stylopharyngeus muscle. In addition, rotation of the head was performed while observing for any compression of the ICA by this muscle. Last, the segment of the ICA immediately adjacent to the stylopharyngeus was excised and evaluated for signs of gross compression.

Results

Five sides (12.5%) were found to have an ICA that was grossly compressed by the neighboring stylopharyngeus muscle, and this was confirmed on excised ICA specimens. Moreover, such compression was increased with ipsilateral rotation of the head. Effacement of the lumen of the ICA by the stylopharyngeus ranged from approximately 30 to 50%. Such compression was increased by approximately 25% with ipsilateral rotation of the head.

Conclusions

To the authors' knowledge, compression of the cervical ICA by the stylopharyngeus muscle has not been previously described. Such a relationship should be appreciated by the clinician who treats patients with symptoms of ICA stenosis or occlusion as a potential extracranial site of compression. Based on this study, a subset of patients with occlusion of the cervical ICA but without elongation of the styloid process should be included within the definition of Eagle syndrome.
Pattern of Haematological Disorders in a Tertiary Diabetic Hospital: A Pilot Study
Authors: Farhana Dipta Tashmim , Nahar Quamrun , Choudhury Subhagata
Published: January 2010

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus may suffer from various haematological diseases. A one year prospective study from July 2007 to July 2008 was done in the Department of Transfusion Medicine of BIRDEM to see the distribution of haematological diseases among the referred patients. Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the pattern of hematological diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Method: A total number of 111 new cases suffering from various haematological disorders were included in this observational study for one year duration from July 2007 to July 2008. Patients were diagnosed by peripheral blood film, complete blood count, bone marrow, hemoglobin electrophoresis. History of the patients including clinical informations were recorded with written consent from their very first arrival. Results: Among the studied 111 patients, 23 (20.72 %) were suffering from various types of haemoglobinopathies and 88 (79.28 %) with other haematological diseases. When glycemic status was considered 65 (58.56%) patients out of 111 showed diabetes mellitus along with haematological diseases. Among those diabetic patients 11% had haemoglobinopathies, 25% had bleeding disorders, autoimmune diseases and marrow aplasia, 27% suffered from deficiency anaemia, anaemia of chronic diseases and haemochromatosis , where as 37% had various clonal haematological malignancy. Among haemoglobinopathies group, beta thalassaemia major was 21.74%, beta thalassaemia trait 47.83%, haemoglobin Etrait 17.39% and haemoglobin E-disease was 13.04%. Out of 23 Haemoglobinopathy patients 14 (60.87%) were male and 9 (39.13%) were female. Out of 88 patients with other haematological diseases except haemoglobinopathy 26 (29.54%) were of various haematological malignancies, 16 (18.18%) were of bleeding disorders, autoimmune diseases and marrow aplasia and 47 (53.41%) out of 88 patients had deficiency anaemia, anaemia of chronic diseases and haemochromatosis. In this group 40 patients (45%) were male and 48 (55%) patients were female. Conclusion: This study shows majority patients with haematological diseases were suffering from diabetes mellitus. Among the haemoglobinopathies group, male were predominant and among the other haematological diseases except haemoglobinopathies group, female were predominant. From this study we suggest further multicentred study to see any precipitating cause between haematological diseases and diabetes mellitus. There is also an immense need to maintain registry of haematological diseases with a plan to establish state of art haematology services in all tertiary specialized hospitals including BIRDEM. Key words: haemoglobinopathy, clonal hematological malignancies, anaemia, bleeding disorder, diabetes mellitus, cancer DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4292 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 148-154
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection
Authors: Sultan Md Tipu , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Begum Shahana
Published: January 2010

Hepatitis C virus is a significant healthcare problem, affecting more than 170 million people worldwide and as many as 4 million new infections occur annually. Incidence rates across the world fluctuate and are difficult to calculate given the asymptomatic, often latent nature of the disease prior to clinical presentation. Of those exposed to HCV, 80% become chronically infected, and at least 30% of carriers develop chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection also increases the number of complications in persons who are co-infected with HIV. This article reviews an overview of the prevalence, genotype data, transmission risk and prevention. DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4294 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 160-165
Dystocia caused by Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Report
Authors: Laila Tarafdar Runa
Published: January 2010

A 23-year-old pregnant mother presented with labor pain for 14 hours with delivery of part of a baby with the exception of right leg. Single ultrasonography (USG) done at 34 weeks of gestation showed an anechoic area measuring 8 cm x 6 cm surrounded by a thin rim. The patient was put under general anesthesia (GA) and the right leg of the baby was drawn out of the uterus. A soft tissue mass partly cystic in nature, connected with the perineal region of the baby, prevented the complete delivery. After decompressing the mass, complete delivery was possible. But exploration of the uterus showed rupture in the left lateral wall. Laparotomy with repair of the uterus was done. Excision of the soft tissue mass of the baby was done one day after delivery and histology of the mass showed mature sacrococcygeal teratoma. Postoperative recovery of both the mother and the baby was good. DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4296 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 169-172
Giant Scrotum  A Case Report
Authors: Hoque Md Serajul , Chaudhury SM Shafiul Azam , Ilias ANM , Nur Farjana Sultana
Published: January 2010

A 45 years male beggar admitted to this hospital with a huge swelling of scrotum and penis and bipedal nonpitting edema. This swelling was gradually increasing which hampered his personal life. He was previously diagnosed as a case of filarial scrotum and penis. He took diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for 4 years. CFT for filaria was strongly positive but microfilariae in the blood were not detected even after provocative test. Total 15 kg of scrotal penile skin was removed and reconstructed by trunk skin flaps. DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4297 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 173-176
Clinical and Infective Outcome of Parasitologicaly Confirmed Kala-Azar Patients Treated with Sodium Antimony Gluconate
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Habib Ahasan , Azad Azizul Haque , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Hossain Ahmed
Published: January 2010

A total of fifty consecutive cases of Kala-azar admitted in the medicine units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period from February 2006 to October 2006 were included in this study. The number of the patients clearly indicates that the burden of Kala-azar in this region is significant and expanding. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Fever (96%) and splenomegaly (100%) were the predominant features. Hepatomegaly was found in 82% of the cases. Other clinical manifestations were Hyperpigmentation (76%), weight loss (62%), pallor (60%), jaundice (10%), oedema (10%), cough (6%) and lymphadenopathy (4%). Fever of 75% cases subsided within one week of starting treatment. Weight of 89.6% cases increased after completion of treatment. After completion of treatment spleen size regressed in 95.8% cases and no LD (Leishmania donovani) body was seen in 46 (92%) patients splenic / bone marrow aspiration after completion of treatment. 2 (4%) patients remain LD body positive after completion of treatment and 2 (4%) patients died during treatment. Still sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) is very effective in the clinical and parasitologicaly confirmed Kala-azar patients. A combination of sand fly control, early detection and treatment of the patients is the best approach for controlling Kala-azar. Keyword: Kala-azar, Sodium Stibogluconate, LD (Leishmania donovani) body, splenic or bone marrow aspiration. DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4261 J Medicine 2010: 11: 12-16
Disease Profile and Socio-economic Status of Patients Attending at Endocrine Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Mannan Md Abdul , Hossain Kazi Jahangir , Kamal Md Mustafa
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of endocrine diseases and socioeconomic status of the patients attending at outpatient department of endocrinology of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. A total of 498 endocrine patients were selected on the basis of defined criteria from September 2007 to August 2008. Of the 498 patients, 292 were female and 206 male. Majority of female patients were housewives (86.3%) while most of the male patients were businessmen (86.4%). Majority of them (59.4%) were in the age range of 41-75 years and 92.0% were married. About 7% were found obese, comparatively more in male patients. In endocrine disease pattern, 36.9% had diabetes mellitus, 18% hypothyroidism and 6.0% goiter. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), hyperthyroidism, hirsutism, gynaecomastia, infertility, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hyperprolactinemia and short stature were found in 2.0%, 1.6%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. About 30.0% of the endocrine patients were found to be associated with other non-endocrine diseases or obesity. Appropriate medical treatment facilities in combination with motivational enhancement therapies are needed to ensure proper medical management of these patients. Keywords: Endocrine disease, endocrine system disease, socioeconomic status. DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4264 J Medicine 2010: 11: 24-27
Diagnostic Role of NT Pro BNP in Diabetes Type 2 Patients Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk, A Study from Central India
Authors: Sahu Ashok , Gupta Trapti , Kavishwar Arvind , Sarkar Purnima Dey , Singh RK
Published: January 2010

Cardiovascular disease is the most frequent cause of death in patient with diabetes. It is difficult to evaluate cardiovascular status of patients with diabetes because of complex symptomatology. NTproBNP, a split peptide from pro BNP molecule is a novel biomarker, released from cardiac myocytes in response to myocardial stretch, cardio vascular disease, endothelial dysfunction and heart failure. We aimed to test that is elevated NTproBNP levels associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes patients in comparison to matched control. Demographic, anthropometric measure, NT pro BNP, lipid profile, blood glucose were estimated and compared among angiographically proven cardiovascular disease patients with diabetes and healthy controls. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to compare individual factor using t-Test, ANOVA and the inter group comparisons were done by using Bon ferroni Post Hoc test. Patients with type 2 diabetes were shown to have higher NTproBNP values (n=50, 1481.021±813.405) than control subjects (n=50, 23.562±23.395) (p <0.05). NTproBNP levels were independently related to diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, family history, smoking, obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile. Our data suggests that the secretion of NT pro BNP is increased in type II diabetes patients, suggesting association of diabetes and NTproBNP in cardio vascular disease with higher prevalence. Thus NTproBNP may serve as a screening tool to diagnose patients with type II diabetes with cardiovascular disease having complex symptomatology. Keyword: NTproBNP, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4266 J Medicine 2010: 11: 33-38
Biochemical Parameters in Common Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Ashraf-Uz-Zaman Md , Begum Bilquis Ara , Asad Humaira Binte , Moutoshi Shafia Sharmin , Nasiruddin Md
Published: January 2010

Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis viruses. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E. The aim of this study is to assess the biochemical parameters in viral hepatitis which varies with respect to the different types of viral hepatitis. Sex of the patient affected by Hepatitis A was almost similar in male and female, being 9 (45%) and 11 (55%) in respectively. But in contrast, more than eighty per cent (85%) Hepatitis-E affected population was male. Similar scenario was found in Hepatitis B And C infection (Male- 75%,67%, Female 25,35%). Mean value with standard deviation (±SD) of serum bilirubin level was highest in Hepatitis E (251 ± 125.19 ìmol/l). Value of serum ALT in hepatitis E was found to be 1794 U/l (highest), hepatitis B 1362 U/l hepatitis C are 135.45 U/L,. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.AST) is also raised in all types of vira hepatitis but more in Hepatitis E (765 U/l) and Hepatitis B (430 U/l). Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was raised significantly in Hepatitis B (240 U/l). The prothombin time was more altered in Hepatitis-E (22.7seconds) and Hepatitis-B (18.5 seconds). There was no significant alteration in serum protein level. So, it can be concluded that derangement of biochemical parameters in patients suffering from common types of viral hepatitis is more in HEV and HBV and comparatively less in HAV and HCV. Keywords: Viral hepatitis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4268 J Medicine 2010: 11: 42-45
Chronic Low Back Pain: A Review on Uses and Abuses of Medicare Expenditure
Authors: Rahman Md Shahidur , Shakoor MA , Salek AKM
Published: January 2010

DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4273 J Medicine 2010: 11: 51-56
Successful Treatment of Life Threatening Intracranial AVM by Endovascular Embolization in Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Khan Sharif Uddin , Rahman Kazi Mohibur , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Hoque Md Azharul , Mondol Md Badrul Alam , Husain Shakir , Mohammad Quazi Deen
Published: January 2010

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tangled, dilated blood vessels in which arteries flow directly into veins. AVMs can bleed or directly compress brain tissue; seizures or ischemia may result. Haemorrhagic stroke from AVM represents 2% of all haemorrhagic strokes. A clear understanding of the diagnostic and treatment algorithms of cerebral AVM management is very important because AVMs are a cause of hemorrhage in young adults. We report a 16 years old boy with cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM), complicated by recurrent throbbing headache, vomiting and seizure. This was clearly diagnosed by Digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). He was successfully treated by endovascular embolization at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This was the second successful cerebral endovascular embolization in any government hospital of Bangladesh. Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation, seizure, digital subtraction angiogram, endovascular embolization. DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4275 J Medicine 2010: 11: 60-62
Jejunogastric Intussusception: an Unusual Cause of Haematemesis
Authors: Rahman Mohibur , Hossain Akram , Amin Robed , Uddin Nasir , Hossain Tanvir , Saha Anjan Kumar , Rahman Arifur , Hossain Tanvir
Published: January 2010

Intussusception most commonly occurs in children and is rare in adults, accounting for only 5% of all cases of intussusceptions. Intussusception following gastric surgery is an extremely rare postoperative complication. We present a case where following gastrojejunostomy with truncal vagotomy a retrograde intussusception of the efferent limb into the gastrojejunostomy stoma occurred. The intussusception was well visualized by upper GI endoscopy prior to surgery. Exploratory laparotomy was done within 24 hours after the onset of the symptoms. After resection of loop of intussusceptum, gastrojejunostomy and jejunoileostomy was done. Keywords: Intususception, Intestinal invagination, Jejunogastric intussusception DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4282 J Medicine 2010: 11: 86-89
Tuberculosis of Sternoclavicular Joint - Uncommon Manifestation of a Common Disease
Authors: Shrivastav Ankit , Pal Jyotirmoy , Karmakar Partho Sarthi , Debnath Nirodh Baran
Published: January 2010

15% of Tuberculosis patients have extra pulmonary lesions of which 1 to 3% have bone and joint lesions. In the musculoskeletal system, tuberculous spondylitis is most typical form of the disease; however, joint changes in extraspinal sites, such as the hip, knee, wrist & elbow, also may occur. Involvement of sternoclavicular joint is very rare. In 2 of the world's largest series of osteoarticular TB, sternoclavicular joint involvement was reported in less than 0.5% of cases with less than 20 cases reported till date. However, with the emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis and large number of immunocompromised patients, the incidence may increase. We report a case of left sternoclavicular joint tuberculosis in an adolescent boy. As this entity is rare, level of suspicion is low and suspicion regarding TB arises only after poor response to antibiotic treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory for good result Keywords: Tuberculosis, sternoclavicular joint, extrapulmonary tuberculosis DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4286 J Medicine 2010: 11: 102-104
Lectures On Cardiovascular System Author: Professor Abdullah Al Shafi Majumder
Authors: Miah Md Titu
Published: January 2010

DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4287 J Medicine 2010: 11: 105
Bone Marrow-derived Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Engraft NOD/SCID Mice and Traffic Appropriately to an Inflammatory Stimulus in the Joint
Authors: CHANG NAN-HUA , INMAN ROBERT D. , DICK JOHN E. , WITHER JOAN E.
Published: January 2010

Objective.

Studies of human inflammatory arthritis would be significantly aided by the development of better animal models. Our hypothesis is that it is possible to develop humanized arthritis models through novel techniques of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) delivery.

Methods.

Bone marrow was obtained from patients with osteoarthritis who were undergoing total hip replacement. HSPC were enriched by negative selection and injected into the femur of irradiated anti-CD122 treated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Human cell engraftment was analyzed by flow cytometry. Arthritis was induced by an intraarticular injection of Chlamydia trachomatis and injected knee joints were examined 5 days later by histology and immunohistochemistry.

Results.

Human bone marrow HSPC successfully engrafted NOD/SCID mice, with some mice showing up to 90% engrafted human cells. Human B lymphoid and myeloid cells were detected in the bone marrow and spleen 6 weeks following transfer of HSPC, and engrafted recipient mice remained healthy up to 12 weeks postinjection. Chlamydia-injected mice that had been repopulated with HSPC had synovial inflammation, consisting of human neutrophils and macrophages.

Conclusion.

Bone marrow-derived human HSPC engraft NOD/SCID mice and traffic appropriately to an inflammatory stimulus in the joint, thus offering the potential for direct studies on the immunopathogenesis and treatment of human arthritis.
Variable Effects of 3 Different Chondroitin Sulfate Compounds on Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage/Chondrocytes: Relevance of Purity and Production Process
Authors: TAT STEEVE KWAN , PELLETIER JEAN-PIERRE , MINEAU FRANÇOIS , DUVAL NICOLAS , MARTEL-PELLETIER JOHANNE
Published: January 2010

Objective.

During osteoarthritis (OA), the altered metabolism of cartilage involves proinflammatory factors and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Studies showed that chondroitin sulfate (CS) may exert a positive effect on the cartilage. Because of differences in CS in terms of purity and the production/purification process, we compared the effects of 3 different types of CS on human OA cartilage.

Methods.

Three types of CS were tested: CS1 (porcine, purity 90.4%), CS2 (bovine, purity 96.2%), and CS3 (bovine, purity 99.9%). Treatment with CS at 200 and 1000μg/ml was performed on human OA cartilage explants in the presence/absence of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and the protein modulations of factors including prostaglandin E2(PGE2), IL-6, and MMP-1 measured by ELISA. The CS effect on the expression of collagen type II was also investigated on OA chondrocytes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results.

In the presence of IL-1ß, CS2 at 1000μg/ml significantly inhibited IL-6 and PGE2production, and CS3 at 200μg/ml markedly reduced the level of IL-6. CS1 was much less efficient at reducing the catabolic markers and in the absence of IL-1ß, it significantly increased IL-6 and MMP-1. IL-1ß significantly inhibited the gene expression level of collagen type II; only CS3 was able to limit this inhibition. CS1, in the presence or absence of IL-1ß, further markedly decreased collagen type II expression.

Conclusion.

Our data indicate that among the 3 tested CS, CS1 increased production of some catabolic pathways and inhibited the gene expression level of collagen type II. Our study provides new information in the context of prescribing CS for alleviating OA symptoms, as the purity and/or production/purification of the CS compound could orient the current OA disease process toward increased catabolic pathways.
Where Will Tradition Go? Some Reflections about the Destiny of Oral Literature in Resia
Authors: Dapit Roberto
Published: January 2010

Izhodišče razprave je rokopisna zbirka nabožnih pesmi in molitev iz Rezije, ki jo je nosilka izročila Anna Di Battista avtorju podarila leta 2006. Zbirka, ki vsebuje sedem besedil v rezijanščini in enajst v italijanščini, kaže na razmerje med ustno prakso in namenom, da se izročilo ohrani tudi v pisni obliki. Na to temo je izpeljana primerjava s terenskim delom akad. dr. Milka Matičetovega, ki se je 44 let prej v istem kraju, v Lišćacih, spoprijemal s podobnim vprašanjem. Poleg problema kontinuitete nesnovnega izročila so v prispevku obravnavane še druge teme, predvsem v zvezi s raziskovalnim pristopom v večjezičnem kulturnem prostoru in z uporabnostjo etnografskega gradiva oz. rezultatov.
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The starting-point of this paper is a manuscript collection of religious songs and prayers from Resia that the bearer of tradition Anna Di Battista gifted to the author in 2006. The collection, which includes seven texts written in Resian and eleven in Italian, is a testimony of the relation between the oral habits and the intention to preserve this tradition also in the written form. On this theme is carried out a comparison with academician Milko Matičetov’s field work that 44 years before in the same place, in Lišćaca, found himself in a simlar situation. Besides the question about the continuity of intangible tradition, other issues related to the researcher’s approach in multilingual cultural setting and to the possibilities of application of ethnografic materials and results are examined.
Bits and Pieces from the Onomastics Store
Authors: Torkar Silvo
Published: January 2010

Zemljepisna imena Andol, Bitgovec, Bodovlje, Čeplje, Hotedršica, Kotredež, Lipsenj, Slavnik, Vaseno, Vevče in Želimlje so v slovenskem jezikoslovju – Andol in Bodovlje celo v zgodovinski slovnici - večkrat bila predmet obravnave, vendar se je izkazalo, da njihove razlage bodisi v celoti bodisi v posameznostih ne zadovoljujejo. O imenih Hoč, Lenivec, Pišece in Prebold se jezikoslovci doslej še niso izrekli.
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The toponyms Andol, Bitgovec, Bodovlje, Čeplje, Hotedršica, Kotredež, Lipsenj, Slavnik, Vaseno, Vevče and Želimlje have often been discussed in Slovene linguistics – Andol and Bodovlje even in historical grammars – yet it turns out that the explanations of their origin are not satisfactory either in certain aspects or as a whole. Until now, the names Hoč, Lenivec, Pišece and Prebold have not been objects of critical scrutiny.
On the Inter-Genre Transitions of Laments and Kalevala-Metric Songs in the Balto-Finnic Cultural Space
Authors: Arukask Madis
Published: January 2010

The present paper discusses the connection of necromantic songs, spread in the Kalevala-metric tradition of the Balto-Finnic peoples, with burial laments as a possible source genre. The ways and reasons of how and why originally religious themes have taken on an increasingly ballad-like character, are examined. Differences are observed in the folkloric genre systems of various peoples. Also, the connection of such differences with peculiarities of way of life are discussed.
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Članek govori o povezavi med nekromantičnimi pesmimi, razširjenimi v t. i. stopični tradiciji ljudskih pesmi epske pesnitve Kalevala med baltsko-finskim prebivalstvom, s pogrebnimi žalostinkami, slednje pa naj bi bile žanrska podlaga za prve. Raziskane so poti in razlogi, kako in zakaj so izvirno verske teme dobile prevladujoč baladni značaj. Avtor je opazoval različnosti v žanrskem sistemu in pri različnih narodih. Prav tako je bilo raziskano, kakšne so bile povezave med temi razlikami glede na način življenja posamičnih narodov in etnij.
Folklore Studies and Presentations of Folk Song Traditions of Slovenian-Friulan Border Area
Authors: Pisk Marjeta
Published: January 2010

The paper examines the influence of folklore studies on creating the presentations of the folk song traditions of Slovenian-Friulian border area. Comparative analysis of the collected and published folk songs of this area is extremely difficult because Slovenian and Italian folklore studies have primarily operated as legitimizers of national particularism and searched distinctive features on which to base an independent ethnic identity.
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Članek obravnava vplive folkloristike na oblikovanje predstavitev ljudskega pesemskega izročila slovensko-furlanskega obmejnega področja. Primerjalna analiza zbranih in objavljenih ljudskih pesmi s tega področja je zelo težavna, ker sta slovenska in italijanska folkloristika prvenstveno delovali kot legitimatorki nacionalnega partikularizma in sta se osredinjali na razločevalne elemente, ki bi utemeljevali neodvisno etnično identiteto.
Stichic and Stanzaic Poetic Form in Estonian Tradition and in Europe
Authors: Sarv Mari
Published: January 2010

In the current article I am trying to find out why two layers of Estonian song-tradition – one forming part of common Baltic-Finnic heritage and the other belonging together with European rhymed folk-song and ballad tradition – are so remarkably different in several aspects. I have, therefore, placed them into broader, European context, exploring the decline of non-stanzaic or stichic verse-forms and the expansion of rhymed, stanzaic verse-forms. Both organization principles of texts are or have been known all over Europe, but the earlier stichic forms have for the most part given way to rhymed stanzaic verse-forms, which have – sooner or later – become predominant almost everywhere in Europe. As the differentiation is explicit in the case of Estonian and the parallel traditions have been recorded simultaneously in quite recent times, the analyzing and contextualising of Estonian tradition-layers might shed some light to the developments in European traditional poetics as well.
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V članku želim ugotoviti, zakaj sta dve plasti estonskega pesemskega izročila – ena pripada skupnemu baltskofinskemu izročilu, druga pa evropski ritmizirani pesemski tradiciji in baladam – v mnogočem tako različni. Zato sem jih postavila v širši evropski kontekst in raziskala zamiranje nekitičnih oblik pesmi in naraščanje kitičnih verznih oblik. Obe obliki besedila pesmi sta bili poznani po vsej Evropi, toda nekitična oblika je bila kmalu nadomeščena s kitično in je tako postala najpogostejša verzna oblika povsod po Evropi. Ker je diferenciacija obeh tradicij v estonskem izročilu zelo značilna, obe sta bili v zadnjem času zapisani istočasno, lahko analiza in kontekstualizacija estonskih plasti izročila osvetlita tudi razvoj v evropski pesemski tradiciji.
Ethics in European Research
Authors: Ramšak Mojca
Published: January 2010

Glavna razlika med 7. OP / FP7 (7. okvirni program za raziskave in tehnološki razvoj / Seventh Framework Programme, 2007–2013) v primerjavi s 6. OP / FP6 (6. okvirni program za raziskave in tehnološki razvoj / Sixth Framework Programme, 2002–2006) je v tem, da morajo projekti, ki so bodisi usmerjeni v krepitev znanstveno-tehnološke podlage industrije, projekti, ki spodbujajo mednarodno konkurenčnost ter raziskave, ki podpirajo politiko Evropske unije, vsebovati tudi natančen opis o etiki raziskovalnega dela. Presojevalci ga ocenijo, ko je že dosežena ocena znanstvene primernosti. Eno od desetih znanstvenih področij, kamor sodijo etnološke, antropološke in folkloristične raziskave, so t. i. družbeno-ekonomske in humanistične vede, in tudi za to področje velja, da so lahko financirane samo raziskave, ki imajo jasno izdelana etična načela, ki upoštevajo nacionalne zakone, mednarodne protokole, konvencije in listine ter dobijo privolitev nacionalnih etičnih komisij. Vse to pa pomeni, da morajo tudi humanistične discipline jasno oblikovati in premisliti etična načela, vanje vključiti sodobne pravne norme, da sploh smejo upati na sredstva, namenjena za raziskave, podprte s sredstvi Evropske komisije.
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The main difference between FP7 (Seventh Framework Programme, 2007-2013) and FP6 (Sixth Framework Programme, 2002-2006) is in ethical dimension of project evaluation. All projects in FP7 that enhance international concurrence, scientific and technological growth of industry and all projects, which support the EU policy, must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles. The ethics of research is part of scientific evaluation of the project. Socio-economic sciences and Humanities is one of the ten scientific fields, where we find ethnology, anthropology and folklore, and where the financing is possible if the research proposals include clear ethical principles, consideration of national acts, international protocols, conventions, charters and if they get the approval of national ethics commissions. All these mean that Humanities must clearly form and reflect ethical principles and include modern legal norms in their applications if they want to be funded from the institutions of European Commission.
Morphological and Structural Definitions of Folk Dance. An Analysis of the Couple’s Steierisch
Authors: Kunej Rebeka
Published: January 2010

Članek predstavlja potek in rezultate morfološko-strukturne analize zapisanih variant parnih oblik štajeriša na Slovenskem. Poleg metodološkega uvida v raziskovanje ljudskega plesa prispeva tudi k izgrajevanju ustrezne terminologije, saj ob tem členi in določa začetne položaje plesalcev v paru in plesne drže pri parnih oblikah obravnavanega ljudskega plesa.
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This article presents the research process and results of a morphological and structural analysis of written notations of couple’s Steierisch dances in Slovenia. In addition to its methodological approach to studying folk dances, it also contributes to the development of appropriate terminology because it analyzes and defines the initial positions of each dancer in the couple, as well as the handholds found in the couple’s forms of the selected folk dance.