bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reclamation of ex-nickel mining soil using organic plus fertilizer to support corn cultivation in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Leomo S , Tufaila M , Adawiyah R , Anas A A , Rakian T C , Muhidin  , Mudi L , Aprianto E , Sutariati G A K , Lumoindong Y
Published: March 2021

In addition to providing incomes for the country, mining activities can also cause land damage resulting in a decrease in soil function as a medium for growing plants. The study aim to analyse the growth and production of corn on ex-nickel mining soils that had been remediated using cover crops and rhizobacteria for five years (2013-2018). The research has arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with the treatment of organic fertilizer enriched with rhizobacteria of Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp (organic plus fertilizer), consisting of 6 levels, namely control without organic plus fertilizer (B0), 1 ton ha-1 (B1), 2 tons ha-1 (B2), 3 tons ha-1 (B3), 4 tons ha-1 (B4), and 5 tons ha-1 (B5). Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 18 experimental units. The observed variables were plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, the weight of corn kernels per fruit, and weight of dried kernels per hectare. The results show that the application of organic plus fertilizer on the ex- nickel mining soils effectively increased the growth and production of corn.
Key sectors and inter-sectoral linkages in economic development in East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Anwar  , Dipokusumo Bambang , Sjah Taslim , Mahyuddin
Published: March 2021

Sectors developed in a regency should have strong links with other domestic economic sectors. This study examines the key sectors and their interrelationship in the East Lombok Regency registration. The data used is Input-Output Table on 2013 West Nusa Tenggara Province. The results showed there are ten economic sectors which key to economic development in East Lombok Regency. Considering the authority of the local government, the populist-based economic sectors such as the food and beverage industry, restaurants, poultry, shallots, the textile industry, and broilers are priority industries. So to accelerate the growth of economic output required government policies that can encourage key economic sector actors that have strong backward and forward linkages to increase their business activities. Besides that, an incentive policy is needed for key economic sector actors such as tax exemptions to be more motivated in carrying out their business activities. This is intended to increase output demand for other sectors.
Welfare analysis of price stabilization: a case study of small chili in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zaini A , Siddik M , Rukmana D
Published: March 2021

As one among others strategic commodity in which its price often fluctuate seasonally, price stabilization of chili commodity is conducted through import regulation. This research aims at analyzing the welfare impacts of this price stabilization policy by utilizing monthly time series data of 2012-2016. Data were then analyzed using Eviews 6.0 software package. The simultaneous equation model and two-stage least square (TSLS) estimation technique were undertaken. Results conclude that the source of chili price instability comes from a supply shock. Moreover, price stabilization policy has benefitted producers/farmers, consumers, and society as a whole indicated by the positive sign of their welfare gains.
Collaboration practice in supply chain of unshu citrus in Muchacha-En, Ltd, Japan
Authors: Ahrisa D , Arhim M , Arsyad M
Published: March 2021

A new concept in supply chain management stressed the importance of forming collaboration among supply chain actors to provide the supply chain efficiently and effectively. This study aims to identify and analyze the collaboration practice in the supply chain of Unshu Citrus in Muchacha-En, Ltd Japan. The study was conducted in a paired sample between partner farmers and Muchacha-En, Ltd, from August 2014 until January 2015 in Akehama Town, Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Sampling was obtained by purposive sampling to determine the characteristic which represents 75 partner farmers and three staffs from the company. The descriptive explanation for depicting an outlook of supply chain practice in Muchacha-En, Ltd among farmers to three supply styles in general and between farmer and Muchacha-En, Ltd supply chain practice in particular. Collaboration between farmers and Muchacha-En, Ltd is one of three forms of the supply chain, which is the main focus of this study showed that maintaining the effectiveness and efficiency of cooperation to support the supply chain performance are successfully committed by both parties. Through this collaboration, it is also confirmed that convenience and satisfaction in partnering moderated the customer demand for organic Unshu Citrus.
Income and marketing analysis of potato farming in Modoinding subdistrict South Minahasa regency
Authors: Kaunang Rine , Dumais Joachim , Kumaat Ribka
Published: March 2021

Modoinding Subdistrict is the one of the potato plantation center in South Minahasa Regengency. In this subdistrict, generally farmer plants potato. The potato farming in this subdistrict has the problems related with the objective of the farming to increase the income. The problem related with the farmer’s income is the low of potato plantation productivity and farmer’s share will affect the farmer’s income to make it lower. The other problem is the the marketing problem where the farmer as a producer do not have a high bargaining position because the farmer is only a pricetaker so that his income is low. The objective of this research is to : (1) to investigate an to analyze the potato farming income in Modoinding Sub district, (2) toidentify institution, channel and function of potato marketing in Modoinding Subdistrict, (3) to investigate and to analyze potato marketing efficiency in Modoinding Subdistrict. The research result shoed that (1) there was a difference between the level of the potato farmer income that planted Superjohn Variety and Granola L., (2) there were 4 marketing channel conducted in Modoinding Subdistrict.
Production and farm business income comparative analysis on rice fields in watersheds with non-watersheds at Lanna Village, Parangloe sub-district, Gowa Regency
Authors: Fahmid I M , Lumoindong Y , Lanuhu N , Sahara E D , Hayati
Published: March 2021

Natural resources, which optimally and rationally utilized, aims to increase the people’s welfare. Nevertheless, the wise use of natural resources is part of the maintenance in the watersheds area (DAS). This study wants to: 1) identifying the rice farmers’ income and how much cost they spend, which located in watersheds or non-watersheds areas; 2) to discover the comparative of farm business income in watersheds or non-watersheds area. This study conducted in Lanna Village, Parangloe Sub-district, Gowa Regency. The population used in this study is all farmers involved in watersheds and non-watersheds area, and 30 farmers have chosen to be the sample. This study used the income analysis and independent sample t- test. The income analysis result shows that the farmer’s income in the watershed area is Rp23.833.435,72. Meanwhile, farmer’s income in the non-watershed area numbered at Rp 22.867.569,71. The assumed T-Equal Variance value is 0,848 with Sig. (2-tailed) is 0,404 or greater than 0,05. In conclusion, there’s no income difference between farmers in the watershed and non-watershed area.
Revenue analysis of mobile rice milling business
Authors: Salam M , Fudjaja L , Darma R , Diansari P , Viantika N M , M Nafisa
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research to determine the income of a mobile rice milling business in Batulappa Village, Wattang Pulu District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Analysis of the data used is income analysis, which is the difference between revenue and total costs. Revenue is obtained from the number of products multiplied by the price. For total costs obtained from the sum of fixed costs and variable costs. The results showed the average annual income was Rp. 222,280,000, and the total cost is Rp. 130,920,278. - so an annual income of Rp. 91,359,722.
Value chain analysis of Toraja coffee
Authors: Salam M , Viantika N M , Amiruddin A , Pinontoan F Maureen , Rahmatullah R Akbar
Published: March 2021

Toraja Coffee is one of the most famous coffee in the world, which was produced in the Tana Toraja Regency. Although its level of production is not too high, this coffee has a high demand from connoisseur around the world. The problems that occurs at this time is that coffee plantations are generally in poor condition because of the limitations of farmers in capital, knowledge, cultivation, and management of results. Using the Value Chain Analysis might help to find out how far the role of each stakeholder involved which is directly related to the benefits received by each stakeholder. Thus, it will be able to provide supporting data to make some policies that can be taken to improve the value chain that is still considered as an inappropriate value chain. This study aims to analyze the value chain of the Toraja coffee commodity. The study was conducted in Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi in 2018. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive which is used to analyze the total costs, revenues, revenues, and margins obtained by each value chain actor. The analytical approach used in this research is the quantitative analysis approach. The results showed that the Toraja coffee value chain shows the highest margin of the main value chain actors are household processing industry and collector who sells coffee outside the district. It can be concluded that it is important for the farmers to broaden their knowledge about the value chain of coffee and to give added value to their product to get higher revenue.
Rice farmers response to agricultural insurance programs
Authors: Ali M S S , Demmallino E B , Ikawani  , Ardana R I
Published: March 2021

Agricultural insurance is an agreement between a farmer and an insurance company to commit themselves to farm risk cover. This study aims to: Explain the implementation of agricultural insurance programs and describe the characteristics of rice farmers who are participants of agricultural insurance in Matakali District, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi Province. Objectives are analyzed descriptively. The research location was in Matakali District, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi. The research result concluded that: The implementation of the agricultural insurance program was good because farmers already benefited from agricultural insurance, but the claim settlement procedure was considered complicated. In general, the characteristics of farmers include age in the range of 27-41 years, education at the high school level, income level is at Rp.10,500,000 and land area is at an area of 1 Ha.
A preliminary study of Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) nesting in Kambunong Cape, West Sulawesi
Authors: Maulany R I , Aliem M I , Nasri  , Ismail
Published: March 2021

Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is an endemic species inhabiting Sulawesi island and is listed as Endangered under IUCN Red Data List. However, number of adult individuals of the species found in the wild was predicted to be decreasing. Most data available for the species are scattered and or not reported. Therefore, more published research is needed as regard to population size, distribution, and trends of maleo. One site identified as habitat of maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) was located in the coastal area of Kambunong Cape, West Sulawesi Province. This study attempts to examine the nesting site, population trends of the species and to identify nthropogenic and non-anthropogenic threats towards the population in the area. Index point of abundance (IPA) combined with line transect techniques were applied to estimate population of the species. Seven line transects were deployed and combined with 30 circular plots distributed across the lines covering 100 ha of the coastal area in Kambunong Cape. Meanwhile, types of threats posed to the population were explored by using semi-structure interviews to the locals. The results have shown that the total of relative abundance estimated for the species in the area was 5.091 individuals/ha for 30 observation plots or 16.97 (=17) individuals found in 100 ha. There was only one site utilized by the species located in a poor environment. Decreasing trends of the population was mostly due to habitat modification and fragmentation combined with illegal egg hunting/collection as well as high intensity of human activities nearby their home range.
Effect of Missing Rainfall Data on the Uncertainty of Design Floods
Authors: Nurhamidah N , Hanwar S , Junaidi A , Februarman  , Sunaryo
Published: March 2021

Hydrological data is a collection of information or facts about the hydrological phenomenon. Mistakes in the hydrological analysis have a fatal effect on the accuracy or accuracy of hydraulic building planning, whether in the form of planning for irrigation buildings, flood control structures, drainage systems, weirs. And others hydraulics structure design. As we already know, rainfall data is the most important data in the hydrological analysis. The minimum amount of rainfall data required in the hydrological statistical analysis is 10 years. To obtain this 10-year data, often encountered incompleteness in recording the rainfall data. Meanwhile, hydrological analysis always required for any design of hydraulic structures. Based on the above statement, an analysis has been carried out on how much influence the completeness of data and availability of rainfall data in an area of accuracy in predicting the discharge plan in different times and make a Rating Curve. In determining the unit hydrograph, the Nakayasu method is used. The results of this study indicate that the completeness of the data is not very influential. This is evidenced by obtaining the discharge value at a certain return period which is not much different. From the unit hydrograph curve, it can be seen that in the first condition with a return period of 100 years, a discharge of 801.775 m3 / s is obtained, for the second condition consisting of 11 rainfall data, a discharge of 833.848 m3 / s is obtained, and for the third condition, ignoring the rainfall data. The missing of rainfall data obtained a discharge of 816,489 m3 / s. Where the difference inaccuracy in the first condition is 3.846% against the second condition, and the difference inaccuracy in the third condition is 2.082% for the second condition. In the rating curve section of Batang Kuranji, the normal water level discharge is 169.948 m3 / s with an elevation of 2.89 m. At the same time, the maximum discharge at the cross-section of Batang Kuranji is 748,260 m3 / s with an elevation of 6.99 m.
Study of the Properties of Open Graded Asphalt Mixtures With the addition of SBS
Authors: Namaa Mohammed M. , Qasim Zaynab I. , Ibrahim Al Helo Karim H.
Published: March 2021

Porous asphalt (PA) is widely used in a growing number of countries where porous asphalt is applied for a variety of purposes, e.g. for the effective drainage of rainwater, traffic safety (high slip resistance), the control of noise pollution and lower temperatures surrounding the city. However, it has many other disadvantages, such as poor resistance to rutting, poor resistance to fatigue, and PA is susceptible to raveling (wastage of aggregates from the pavement surface), due to effects of climatic and traffic loading. In general, this type of mixtures is not as good as traditional mixtures. This research aims to study and improve the properties of porous mixtures using SBS. In this paper, laboratory tests were carried out to the materials involved in the composition of this mixture: binder, aggregate, and additive. SBS is used in the proportion of (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0) % of the weight of the binder. It was found that this additive leads to reduce the permeability and air void, but not as large as that without polymer modifier by (1.7 %, 3%, and 3.5%), while in the case of abrasion loss (aged and unaged) decrease by (4.1, 6.67 and 10.92) (4.7, 6.3and 2.6)% respectively. The drain down value is decreased by (16.5%, 38.25%, and 43.51%) respectively, from original asphalt cement.
Effect of Different Strengthening Techniques on the Structural Behaviour of Continuous Two-Way Slabs with Partially Corroded Reinforcement at Internal Support
Authors: Al-Najar Ammar K. , Al-Yassri Labeeb S.
Published: March 2021

This research studies the combined effects of partial corrosion of the negative reinforcement in two-way continuous slabs (two spans) with a construction joint at the internal support and investigates the efficiency of the proposed strengthening methods to overcome these effects. The partial corrosion in reinforcement comes from exposure to the corrosive outdoor environment due to an unplanned stoppage in concrete pouring for a long-time which left part of the negative reinforcement without protection. The construction joint formed at the internal support after resume the concrete pouring later. Three types of strengthening are proposed to overcome those effects. The study adopted an accelerated corrosion technique which is running an electrical current in the steel bars partially immersed in a 5% salt solution (elect-chemical cell). The proposed strengthening was: NSM CFRP bars, CFRP strips, and steel plates. All applied to the top face in the tension zone at the internal support. Six two-way continuous (two spans) concrete slabs were cast (2200, 1000, and 100 mm). The strengthening was: four strips of CFRP had 50 mm width, four of 6 mm CFRP bars applied using the NSM technique, and four steel plate 50 mm width and 5 mm thickness. All the strengthening extended to the third of span length and was aligned with the slab continuity axis. The specimens were tested and the deflection, first positive and negative crack width, and failure mode were recorded. Numerical analysis and comparison with the experimental results were conducted to verify the numerical model. The study found that the construction joint and corrosion had a clear influence on the structural behavior of the slab. Those effects were on the ultimate load, deflection, and the negative cracks. The proposed treatments were highly effective and efficient in increasing the ultimate load, delay the appearance of cracks, and reduction of deflection under the load points.
Heavy Metal Pollution from Hospital Waste Incinerators: A Case Study from Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq
Authors: Selman Huda , Kubba Huda , Al-Mukaram Noorance , Alkateeb Raid
Published: March 2021

Waste incineration (WI) is the most popular method of hospital waste (HW) disposal in many developing countries. Most hospitals generate large quantities of toxic and persistent waste, which are managed by burning in incinerators. Basically, high concentrations of heavy metal in the food chain are generated from ash residue after burning process. As a result, these concentrations lead to harmful effects on the public health as well as environment. This study aims to investigate the concentrations of heavy metal in the ash of incinerated waste HW1 and HW2 that generated in two hospitals at Samawah and Rumaitha cities, respectively. Ash samples were collected within three months from medium and small incinerators. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn metals were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The concentrations of heavy metal were sorted in descending order as follows: Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd. For both hospital waste, the Fe level was ranged between 76.6 and 25.3 μg/g while other metal levels were varied as follows: Cd (4.6-1.4 μg/g), Zn (35.6-5.6 μg/g) and Cu (17.2-4.0 μg/g). The concentration of Pb in HW2 was found relatively higher than in HW1. The concentration of Pb was varied as (21.6-7.5 μg/g) in HW2 and (15.6-5.4 μg/g) in HW1. Whereas the Cr and Ni concentrations were found as (14.7-1.1 μg/g) and (6.717-3.3 μg/g) in HW1 and HW2, respectively. According to the EPA Law, the concentrations of all samples exceeded the maximum permissible heavy metal levels and can be classified as toxic and risky levels.
Effect of double gasket on combustion characteristic, performance and emissions of GDI engine
Authors: Aldhaidhawi Mohanad Hamazah , Al-Karaaw Muneer Naji , Al-Shamani Ali Najah
Published: March 2021

In this article, the effect of adding a double gasket to cylinder head on combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust gas emissions of gasoline direct injection GDI engine was numerically investigated by utilizing the BOOST program. The study was carried out at different engine speed (1000 rpm to 3500 rpm, with increment 500 rpm) in a constant engine load fueled with gasoline fuel. The Vibe two-zone and Woschni 1990 models were selected as sub-model to calculated the combustion and heat transfer. The numerical results showed that the engine with a double gasket produces lower effective power and lower effective torque while the brake-specific fuel consumption BSFC was higher compared to that of an engine with a single gasket (original). Regarding the exhaust gas emissions, the engine with a double gasket emitted lower NOx emissions, while the soot emission was higher than that of the engine with a single gasket.
Investigation on the behavior of the modified AA 7075 alloy using differential scanning calorimetry technique
Authors: Abdullah Firas Fouad , Naeem Haider Tawfiq
Published: March 2021

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been utilized to study behavior and analyze the compositions phases in the modified Aluminum matrix (AA 7075) alloy with complex quaternary of Zinc (Zn) (6.7wt. %), Magnesium (Mg) (2.8 wt. %), Copper (Cu) (1.8 wt. %), Nickel (Ni) (0.5 wt.%), with additive of Tin (Sn) (0.5 wt.%). The alloys were manufactured by casting process. The casted Aluminum-Zinc-Magnesium-Copper-Nickel-Tin alloy slabs were homogenized at the different temperatures. Firstly, under treatment of 450°C for 2 hours followed by treatment at 470°C for 1 day and then treated at 480°C for 40 minutes, then all the casted Al-7075 alloy samples have quenched in cold water after each step. The treated samples were underwent the artificial ageing at 120 °C for 1 day. The outcomes proved that the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed information of the DSC thermal analyses which were obtained through various heat treatments of the samples Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy. The outcomes have explained that Differential scanning calorimetry data could help in understanding the peaks of temperatures as well the enthalpy values for the forming and dissolution the equilibrium phase’s and compositions of precipitations within the artificial ageing were conducting for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy samples.
Performance assessment of a multi-speed single-phase capacitor motor using a hybrid analytical–FEM methodology
Authors: Dahham Omar Kamel , Ali Amer Mejbel
Published: March 2021

This paper submits a performance analysis for the multi-speed, single-phase induction motor to calculate its current, power, torque, power factor, and efficiency at various speeds, and to study the effect of any changing in its design like rotor bars skewing and capacitor value on the motor performance. The analysis was done by using a hybrid analytical-finite element analysis methodology based on RMxprt / Maxwell2D. The test motor was modelled by RMxprt according to its design documents with special efforts in modelling of its three-speed separate stator winding. The simulation results of both software were compared with the motor test results taken from the motor manufacturer with a good agreement. The proposed methodology can be adopted successfully for this type of motor to assist the motor designer in studying the effect of changing its design without needing to manufacturing and testing a costly prototype motor.
Construction Beyond War: Assessing Time and Cost of Prefabrication in Rebuilding Post-Disaster Cities
Authors: Saeed Zaid O. , Almukhtar Avar , Salih Kawar
Published: March 2021

The urgent need for housing in challenging contexts such as Middle East and developing countries contradicts with the long time required to provide adequate responses, especially in the case of severely affected cities by war and mass destruction. The city of Mosul in Iraq is a case where there is an urgent need for reconstruction, especially in the housing sector. Advanced technologies in construction present opportunities in facing post-war reconstruction challenges. Prefabrication has been used for housing delivery around the world due to its efficiency in terms of time and cost as construction time-frame and costs form the core challenges of a successful and functional approach for reconstruction in post-war cities. This paper is part of a comprehensive research that investigates the potential of adopting prefabrication in housing delivery through a BIM-based inspection. This paper inspects a developed housing prototype to examine the cost and time feasibility of the design approach and application of prefabrication. The main findings include identifying the significance of prefabrication in presenting cost-efficient and time-effective construction approach for the restoration of the damaged housing sector in the city of Mosul.
Application of stakeholder theory in procedures for maintenance work for government buildings in Iraq
Authors: Breesam Hatem Khaleefah , Kadhim Jawad Zahraa Abdul
Published: March 2021

The renewable nature of projects, especially maintenance projects, requires effective methodologies that are appropriate to the work environment. The stakeholders greatly influence the maintenance projects of government buildings, as they play a large role in the success of these projects. This study aims to find out the applicability of stakeholder theory in the procedures of maintenance work for government buildings in Iraq. A questionnaire was conducted for specialists in the field of building maintenance. Analysis of the questionnaire, which was answered by (75) engineer, revealed that the most influential factors in using the theory of stakeholders In maintenance work procedures are: the competencies of the project manager, ensuring effective communication between the project and the stakeholders, determining the common goals and objectives of the project, trust And mutual respect among stakeholders, assessing the strength of stakeholders, formulating a strategy for dealing with stakeholders, obtaining support from higher authorities, participation of stakeholders in decision-making, proper and frequent communication with stakeholders. Also, the principles that affected the most, according to the questionnaire: the principle of governance, the principle of agency, the principle of entry and exit, the principle of external factors. Two case studies were taken, for maintenance projects for government buildings, to know the reality of the situation of the most important factors and principles, which were obtained from the questionnaire, and to obtain more accurate and realistic data. Through the study, it can be said that the theory of stakeholders can be applied in the procedures of maintenance work for government buildings in Iraq, through which it is possible to develop the reality of maintenance of government buildings.
Effect of metal powder Nickel, Iron and Aluminium on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Hassan Hazim Faleh , Ismael Muna Noori , Ismail Suroor Noori
Published: March 2021

Epoxy composite hold fabricated products used in different applications such as housing, electrical equipment, automobiles and insulators due to low thermal and electrical conductivity. The effect of metal particles (Al, Ni, Fe) content on physical and mechanical properties of such fabricated samples are investigated. Different weight fraction of metal particles (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) wt. % with 10 wt. % SiC powder is blended by simple hand lay-up technique. According to the results of experiments, we discovered the increasing in the filler content leads to increase of the hardness and modulus elasticity are increasing too. At the same time, when filler in epoxy matrix increases, electric conductivity will increase and dielectric conductivity will decrease.
Travel Time Prediction Models for Major Arterial Road in Baghdad City using Manufactured GPS device
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab Ahmed , Kadem Ali Jabar , Alattar Estabraq Falah
Published: March 2021

Travel time on arterials can be rotten into two components, free flow travel time and delay. That’s where the difference between the observed travel time and travel time of free flow, the delay can be calculated. Which is one of the most important roadways Metrics for Traffic. Estimation of travel time and measurement of reliability are critical issues for improving the efficiency of traffic network operations and safety. The purpose of this review is to estimate overall travel time and to analyse the collected data and also to estimate the travel time through predicting model for total delay of signalized intersections. In addition, utilizing a more convenient method and tools to reflect and to achieve a more practical model of delay time for the selected urban arterial in Baghdad city. Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers have an ability to reliably measure intersection delay in terms of (deceleration delay, stopped delay, and acceleration delay). In addition to measuring the travel time for each link along the streets specified for this study (Al-Karada Kharidge street). 50 test runs were collected from GPS-equipped instrumented vehicle at off peak and peak hours of the day for each direction for selected street in this study. So, the required data collection period for two months was from December 2019 to February 2020 were identified to study the complete travel time variations and travel delay times for each link and each intersection along the identified arterial street. The field data were collected for the selected of Al-Karada Kharidge street the Baghdad University intersection to Mohamed al-Qasim intersection.
Numerical simulation to evaluate the effect of the stepped chute on abrasion erosion of a stilling basin type III
Authors: Hilo Ali N. , Ayoob Nadheer S. , Daek Yasir H.
Published: March 2021

Hundreds of concrete cubic meters may be ruined due to the abrasion erosion in several strategic hydraulic structures. Such unfavorable action can cause serious dangers, impose high maintenance costs, and reduce these structures’ life span. The high-velocity water flow, which carries large amounts of sediments, is the main cause of this phenomenon. This study was directed to evaluate the possibility of minimizing the abrasion action by changing the hydraulic structure design criteria; a numerical simulation was conducted depending on the FLOW3D program. It aimed to evaluate the effect of using a stepped spillway chute on the applied water pressure and the flow velocity along the type III stilling basin. The numerical simulation results showed that using a stepped chute instead of the traditional smooth chute provided a better water pressure distribution and reduced the maximum applied pressure by approximately 28.8 to 68.2%. Moreover, it also reduced the flow velocity along the stilling basin. Thus, the stepped chute use can be considered a possible solution to reduce abrasion erosion hazards in hydraulic structures.
Influence of Roadside Impedance on Speed and Capacity of Urban Streets
Authors: Alkaissi Zainab A. , Kamoona Walaa A.
Published: March 2021

The elements of roadside friction have been defined as those activities that are taking place on the side of the road or even on the road, and which may affect on the uninterrupted traffic flowing. These elements are usually very common in highly populated regions in the developing countries, while they are random and low in the developed countries. In this research, the roadside friction elements were limited to on-street parking of vehicles first and the second side, vehicles stopping temporary and pedestrians crossing. Three links of arterial streets were chosen in the city of Baghdad; Palestine Street and Palestine Street, Zayouna region and 14-Ramadan Street, AL Mansoor. The data had extracted during two periods: the peak period and the non-peak period. The flow-density relationship was plotted and the values of the correlation coefficient (R2) were extracted for the two periods. A comparison was made between the empirical and extracted free-flow speed from the field. The percentage difference in FFS for Palestine Street was the maximum, as it reached 29.13%. The percentage reduction results in the capacity values display that Palestine Street, Zayouna Region has a maximum result which was 33.92%. While the minimum percentage 4.07% was for 14-Ramadan Street, AL-Mansoor region. This study spotlights through the results obtained the need to include side friction elements in traffic-related studies, especially for proper planning of urban roads.
Behaviour of moment resisting reinforced concrete frames subjected to column removal scenario
Authors: Matrood Methaq S. , Al-Rifaie Ali , Zinkaah Othman Hameed , Shubbar Ali A.
Published: March 2021

Researchers awarded a considerable attention to progressive collapse analysis in recent years to avoid the partial or entire failure of structures. General Service Administration guidelines (GSA) established the base to deal with such catastrophic failure. For multi-story building, these guidelines proposed column removal scenario in which one or more columns in different locations should be removed from a structure. Then, the response of entire structure with the column omitted should sustain the loading applied ensuring no global failure occurred. In this paper, three-dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) frame is constructed and analyzed using the commercial program SAP2000. Non-linear static analysis is employed to obtain Demand Capacity Ratios (DCR) for beams and the displacement of joint connecting beams to column in the selected frame. The response of moment resisting RC frame under column removal scenario is presented and discussed in terms of strength and displacements in critical locations in RC frame to evaluate the strength of such frame against progressive collapse.
Development of the performance control algorithm of the blower motors of electric locomotives for various operating modes
Authors: Akhmetshin A R , Suslov K V , Astashkov N P , Olentsevich V A , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I
Published: March 2021

The widespread use of electric motors in various electric drive systems and the automatic regulation of their performance are largely determined by the reliability of these machines, the failures of which cause significant material damage and are caused by significant yard time at the depot repair positions. Improving their reliability is a major scientific and technological challenge. When electric locomotives operate on the East Siberian Railway, severe climatic conditions have a direct impact on the reliability of electrical equipment, so the development of an algorithm to control the performance of blower motors for various operating modes is an urgent task. The main parameters of the entire electric locomotive energy system, which largely determine the safety of trains and the amount of throughput capacity of the sections, are the reliability of cooling machines and the algorithm of their operation in different operating modes, taking into account weather and climatic conditions. The immediate accounting and analysis of the causes of the failure of asynchronous electric motors with a short-circuited rotor in the blower drive, the use of which is justified by the simplicity of the design, was the basis for the development of the algorithm proposed in this article. The electric locomotive cooling control algorithm is focused on eliminating or minimizing snow, dust insulation of traction electrical equipment in a given range of regulation. Elimination of the unauthorized shutdown of cooling machines by locomotive crews while the train runs in the slow-down mode, as well as the elimination of the start processes of asynchronous electric motors of the blower motor actuator, will improve the reliability of the entire electric locomotive in general.
Threaded lock conic connection of drill pipes and method to increase its carrying ability and resource of work
Authors: Zhovtikhanov D S , Korabelnikov M I , Aksenova N A
Published: March 2021

This article presents the rationale and relevance of the use of an improved threaded keyhole conical connection of drill pipes for the oil and gas industry. The proposed threaded joint for drill pipes is characterized by an increased service life and a high rate of bearing capacity of the threaded joint in the conditions of drilling wells with complex spatial parameters, including when drilling sidetracks, horizontal and branched trunks of deep oil and gas wells.
Structure of the surface layer and the microhardness of high-carbon instrumental steel after laser treatment
Authors: Astafyeva N A , Kargapol’tsev S K , Gozbenko V E , Karlina Yu I , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of laser treatment on the structure and microhardness of the surface of high-carbon steel samples. The treatment is carried out in order to obtain surface layers, parts with high properties for industries of various purposes. The samples from high-carbon steel U10 A after preliminary thermal treatment by modes of 780–800 °C heating for 2 minutes with cooling in 10 percent water solution of sodium chloride with tempering at 270–320 °C and cooled in the air and without the thermal treatment are treated with the Nd:YAG laser with the capacity up to 1 kW. Metallographic studies and microhardness properties illustrate the influence of laser surface processing on the increase in mechanical properties. It is shown that the laser thermal treatment of steel allows obtaining a surface microhardness of about HV 800-1000 MPa and depends on the original state of the metal and the previous thermal treatment.
Increase of the throughput and processing capacity of the railway line mountain pass section by strengthening the devices of the system of traction power supply
Authors: Astashkov N P , Olentsevich V A , Akhmetshin A R , Suslov K V , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I
Published: March 2021

According to the forecast target indicators values of the JSC “Russian Railways” integrated development project until 2023, it is necessary to increase the East Siberian railway capacity of the mountain-pass section of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II up to 137 pairs of trains per day. The freight trains number should be 107 pairs per day, a raft of pushing locomotives in the odd direction up to 19 units. The section transportation capacity will increase to 116.7 million tons per year. According to the specified operation parameters, with the growth of cargo turnover on the Irkutsk – Slyudyanka section by 2023, the available capacity shortage will be 14 pairs of trains. In freight traffic, if all provided reserve lines of the the regulatory schedule are used, the capacity deficit will be 11 pairs of various categories trains. The article offers a solution of the existing section power supply devices strengthening problem until the inter-train interval of 8 minutes is reached, for this purpose, the technical parameters of the section substations are considered, and the performance indicators that can provide reliable and cost-effective working conditions are determined. The operation conditions of a traction power network (TPN) of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II section under the existing traffic schedule and under the prospective train schedule are compared. Traction calculations have a special role, since they serve as the basis for drawing up optimal train schedules, determining the railway lines capacity, effectively placing separate points, traction substations, fuel depots, determining the locomotives electricity and fuel consumption rate, solving other practical problems. Traction operation calculation of the electrified mountain pass section of the Bolshoy Lug – Slyudyanka-II railway line was performed using the KORTES software package. The power supply parameters of a given section were used as input data: the separate points number and location, the current speed limits for trains on this section, the longitudinal profile of the railway track, the categories and types of trains that pass through the section, the trains weights and the electric rolling stock types used in the calculation.
Study of the flammability of vegetable oils in the combustion chamber of diesel engines
Authors: Markov V A , Devyanin S N , Kamaltdinov V G , Sa B
Published: March 2021

Promising biofuels for diesel engines are vegetable oils and fuels derived from them. The advantages of using biofuels in internal combustion engines were considered. The problems of using vegetable oils in diesel engines have been analyzed. It is noted that the main issues of using vegetable oils are their high viscosity and their worst flammability in the combustion chamber of diesel engines. The flammability indicators of vehicle fuels in the combustion chamber of diesel engines were considered. The most important among them is the cetane number of the fuel. The factors influencing the cetane number of vegetable oils have been determined. The dependences of the cetane number of vegetable oils on the flash point in a closed-cup, the content of oleic acid, and the content of saturated fatty acids have been obtained and analyzed. These dependences have been compared with a multi-factorial dependence of the cetane number on the basic triglyceride contents.
Analysis of narrowband data transfer technologies on the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Daudov Kh A , Patrusova A M , Nadrshin V V
Published: March 2021

The article provides an overview and comparative analysis of narrowband data transfer technologies on the Internet of Things. For analysis, a method of comparing the parameters of each of the reviewed technologies based on data from domestic and foreign literature, scientific articles and publications was chosen. This comparative analysis helps to identify a more efficient and preferable technology.
Using the wave algorithm for optimal route construction
Authors: Zhigalov K , Klochkova E , Druzhinina T Ya , Vakhrusheva M Yu , Bataev D K-S
Published: March 2021

Integration of modern routing algorithms in logistics is aimed at minimizing costs. The formation of the most effective solutions must take into account the complexity and the variety of types of tracks. It is advisable to optimize the route only after localizing the square of movement, analyzing the terrain, developing the infrastructure of the sector, as well as taking into account the technical characteristics of the declared vehicle and the construction algorithm. The study of the principles of the hierarchical approach in the formation of the route justifies the use of the wave algorithm in the formation of the optimal route on a digital map that meets multifactor criteria: determining the direction of movement of an object by sector, calculating the resources spent on overcoming a specific area of terrain and displaying the results of movement-minimizes costs when building routes.
Change of exploitation parameters of a vessel after the switch to the usage of LNG as the main fuel
Authors: Ivanov L V , Baranov A Y , Tsvetkov V A , Vasilenok A V , Andreev A M
Published: March 2021

The study presents the analysis of the changes in the fuel autonomy and the effective range performed by the vessels which underwent modernization in order to use LNG as the main fuel. In this article various variants of modernization were considered. It is suggested that the project core geometry of the self-propelled tankers and tugboats should not be altered. The change in the parameters of the fuel autonomy after placing the cryogenic fuel tanks of different constructions was estimated. The various operating modes of cargo tanks of different constructions were observed. Besides that, there are two possible operating modes, particularly the drainage mode and the drain-free mode. It is proved that the tug boats’ fuel autonomy is reduced 2 times. The usage of the boil-off-gas in the self-propelled LNG carrier’s engine compensates for the decrease in the fuel autonomy. Thus, it depends on the distance between the final consumer of LNG and the loading satellite terminal of the cryogenic product whether to opt for using self-propelled or tug and barge transport.
Automation of technological processes in mechanical engineering
Authors: Kozlova E P , Kuznetsova S N , Romanovskaya E V , Andryashina N S , Garina E P
Published: March 2021

This article discusses trends of production development in the engineering industry. The need to control automation processes at various stages of product manufacture has been identified. It was concluded that automation leads to increasing the efficiency of production, economic activities and quality of products, as well as making and introducing new products. On the basis of Russian and foreign experience the key stages of realization of automatic control system for technological processes were pointed out. Using the example of Business Units, the stages of implementing the latest automated equipment were considered. The project team conducted a survey of the business unit and determined that automation of the casting process in the foundry should be carried out. As a result, it was proposed to introduce an automatic cutting and grinding complex into the production process. These innovations made it possible to reduce the enterprise expenses by reducing the number of employees, as well as reduce the percentage of defects. Moreover, it became possible to solve a number of other significant problems: a decrease in the waste percentage, the need to meet the world requirements for the result of processing, elimination of the consequences of difficult working conditions (reduction in the number of accidents, noise levels and concomitant diseases). The results can be used not only for the considered objects of research, but also for organizations of other industries in order to increase the efficiency of activities through the introduction of automation of the control system of technological processes.
Economic efficiency of increasing the reliability of electric transport in urban transport systems
Authors: Chernyakov M K , Akberov K Ch , Malozyomov B V , Listkov V Yu , Kharlamova I Yu , Saricheva E N , Shuraev I A
Published: March 2021

In this article, the authors propose a new approach to determining the efficiency of increasing the reliability of electric transport, based on the symbiosis of the effective implementation of a diagnostic technical set of measures and minimizing the cost of operating electric transport. As a result of its use, it was determined that increasing the reliability of electric transport systems can lead to a decrease in both specific operating costs and specific capital investments as a result of an increase in the annual productivity of electric transport. This is due to the reduction in the time it takes to take it out of operation to eliminate the consequences of failures and to carry out maintenance and repair.
Techniques for optimization of gas extraction from production wells annulus
Authors: Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh
Published: March 2021

The article experimentally establishes the regularities of the separated gas pressure growth in the annulus depending on geological and technical characteristics of producing wells; it obtains an experimental dependence for calculating the period of stabilization of the gas pressure in the annulus when the pressure is equal to the pressure in the discharge manifold of the well.