bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Sustainable Mobility: AI-Enabled Automated Refueling for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
Authors: Polymeni Sofia , Pitsiavas Vasileios , Spanos Georgios , Matthewson Quentin , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

With the global transportation sector being a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, transitioning to cleaner and more efficient forms of transportation is essential for mitigating climate change and improving air quality. Toward sustainable mobility, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) have emerged as a promising solution offering zero-emission transportation without sacrificing performance or range. However, FCEV adoption still faces significant challenges regarding refueling infrastructure. This work proposes an innovative refueling automation service for FCEVs to facilitate the refueling procedure and to increase the fuel cell lifetime, by leveraging (i) Big Data, namely, real-time mobility data and (ii) Machine Learning (ML) for the energy consumption forecasting to dynamically adjust refueling priorities. The proposed service was evaluated on a simulated FCEV energy consumption dataset, generated using both the Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator and real-time data, including traffic information and details from a real-world on demand Public Transportation service in the Geneva Canton region. The experimental results showcased that all three ML algorithms achieved high accuracy in forecasting the vehicle’s energy consumption with very low errors on the order of 10% and below 20% for the normalized Mean Absolute Error and normalized Root Mean Squared Error metrics, respectively, indicating the high potential of the suggested service.
Considerations Regarding the Middle Power Asynchronous Motors for Railway Electrical Traction
Authors: Enache Sorin , Enache Monica-Adela , Vlad Ion
Published: August 2024

In modern electric traction, direct current traction motors have been replaced with asynchronous motors with a short-circuited rotor. The justification is that asynchronous motors are more reliable, cheaper, and have smaller weights and dimensions, so they are more sustainable. In order to start and adjust the speed required in traction, these motors are powered from the contact line using a transformer and a static voltage and frequency converter. As a result, you can use green electricity produced with wind power plants or solar energy converted with photovoltaic panels, increasing sustainability because the consumption of traditional fuels is reduced. This paper presents various simulations emphasizing the negative effects of the distorting regime, with concrete results. The quality of the simulations carried out is increased by using a mathematical model, which uses the variable parameters of the motor dependent on the modulation of the current and the magnetic saturation. In modern 1500 kW electric locomotives, the traction motors are powered by static converters, which means an increase in losses when operating at nominal load on the motors by 38.7 kW and 217.8 kVAR compared to the sinusoidal three-phase power supply. Thus, the research carried out provides qualitatively and quantitatively correct simulations of the non-sinusoidal regime related to the asynchronous traction motor in order to increase the sustainability of this traction system.
High-Temperature Heat Pumps for Electrification and Cost-Effective Decarbonization in the Tissue Paper Industry
Authors: Ciambellotti Alessio , Frate Guido Francesco , Baccioli Andrea , Desideri Umberto
Published: August 2024

The pulp and paper industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its energy consumption and carbon footprint. This study examines the feasibility of integrating high-temperature heat pumps (HTHP) into tissue paper production to enhance energy efficiency and decarbonization. Focusing on the energy-intensive drying process, the study uses data from a typical tissue paper mill to simulate and optimize an HTHP system producing four tons per hour of nine-bar saturated steam. It also addresses necessary modifications for HTHP integration applicable across the sector. Various refrigerants were analyzed, achieving a maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.01. Results showed that HTHP can reduce energy consumption and emissions by up to 17% and 40%, respectively, based on the European electricity mix. Although steam production costs increase by 55% compared to fossil fuel-based systems, HTHP is more cost-effective than direct electric resistance heating, which raises costs by 196%. With a CO2 price of EUR 100/t, HTHP offers a 12% cost reduction. However, without public funding, capital expenditures may be unsustainable in many regions, though viable in countries with favorable gas and electricity price differentials. The paper underscores the need for advancements in HTHP technology and cost reductions, emphasizing industry adaptation for seamless HTHP integration.
What Contributes to the Greening of the Polish Energy Industry? Pro-Environmental Inclusive Leadership and Pro-Environmental Behavior—A Moderation–Mediation Analysis
Authors: Rogozińska-Pawełczyk Anna
Published: August 2024

The functioning of the energy sector in Poland has been changing over recent years, influenced by growing concern for the environment. The concept of inclusive leadership can play a key role in the emergence of behavioral changes related to the development of environmental awareness and the initiation of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors by employees. The guiding objective of this study is to verify a moderated mediation model of the impact of pro-environmental consciousness (PEC) on the mediating role of the fulfillment of the psychological contract for the environment (PCFE) in pro-environmental inclusive leadership (PEIL) and pro-environmental work behavior (PEWB) relationships in the energy industry. By self-completing a survey questionnaire using the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method, responses were collected from 649 respondents employed in various energy industry organizations. Structural equation modelling based on maximum likelihood with bootstrap estimation was used to test the hypothesis model. The findings confirm the assumptions of the research model, demonstrating a direct relationship between pro-environmental inclusive leadership and pro-environmental work behavior. Additionally, a mediating condition was found, where the fulfillment of the psychological contract for the environment mediates the relationship between pro-environmental inclusive leadership and pro-environmental work behavior, and pro-environmental consciousness moderates this process. It was found that higher pro-environmental consciousness enhances the indirect effect of pro-environmental inclusive leadership on employees’ pro-environmental work behavior through the fulfillment of the psychological contract for the environment. This highlights the importance of the fulfillment of the psychological contract for the environment and a pro-environmental consciousness in the effectiveness of pro-environmental leadership. The analysis indicates that managers who apply a pro-environmental inclusive management style contribute to an increasingly pro-environmental consciousness and the promotion pro-environmental work behavior among employees. Furthermore, the indirect effect of green leadership on employees’ green actions, through the fulfillment of a psychological contract for the environment that is moderated by their pro-environmental consciousness, highlights the importance of environmentally conscious leaders in building effective employee–employer relationships. These relationships facilitate the implementation of initiatives that accelerate the pace of change and enhance efforts to build tomorrow’s modern energy industry based on low- and zero-carbon energy sources. Additionally, this is one of the first studies in the Polish energy industry to provide insight into the role and importance of green leadership and green behavior in the energy industry.
Natural Flame Retardant Minerals for Advanced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Lei Yu , Zhao Xueyi , Xu Lulu , Li Hongyang , Liang Jing , Yeoh Guan Heng , Wang Wei
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, with the approaching carbon neutrality deadlines and the implementation of zero-net carbon emission policies, the research and development of flame retardants are increasingly influenced by stringent regulations and laws. In this context, natural inorganic materials have garnered significant attention as promising flame retardants to enhance the fire resistance of polymer composites. These materials offer unique advantages, such as being environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and producing no carbon emissions during preparation. Consequently, in recent years, there has been a rapid increase in research on natural mineral flame retardants. This review systematically introduces the research progress on natural minerals as flame retardants in epoxy resin, highlighting their ability to provide exceptional fire resistance. Additionally, we categorize the various chemical modification approaches for natural minerals and explore different various natural mineral-based flame retardants. Furthermore, we elucidate the flame retardant mechanisms behind both natural and modified mineral flame retardant systems. Beyond summarizing and concluding the current state of research, we also project future research directions and identify challenges in the development of natural mineral flame retardants.
Are Alexandrium catenella Blooms Spreading Offshore in Southern Chile? An In-Depth Analysis of the First PSP Outbreak in the Oceanic Coast
Authors: Díaz Patricio A. , Rosales Sergio A. , Molinet Carlos , Niklitschek Edwin J. , Marín Andrés , Varela Daniel , Seguel Miriam , Díaz Manuel , Figueroa Rosa I. , Basti Leila , Hernández Cristina , Carbonell Pamela , Cantarero Bárbara , Álvarez Gonzalo
Published: August 2024

The blooms of Alexandrium catenella, the main producer of paralytic shellfish toxins worldwide, have become the main threat to coastal activities in Southern Chile, such as artisanal fisheries, aquaculture and public health. Here, we explore retrospective data from an intense Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning outbreak in Southern Chile in Summer–Autumn 2016, identifying environmental drivers, spatiotemporal dynamics, and detoxification rates of the main filter-feeder shellfish resources during an intense A. catenella bloom, which led to the greatest socio-economic impacts in that area. Exponential detoxification models evidenced large differences in detoxification dynamics between the three filter-feeder species surf clam (Ensis macha), giant barnacle (Austromegabalanus psittacus), and red sea squirt (Pyura chilensis). Surf clam showed an initial toxicity (9054 µg STX-eq·100 g−1) around 10-fold higher than the other two species. It exhibited a relatively fast detoxification rate and approached the human safety limit of 80 µg STX-eq·100 g−1 towards the end of the 150 days. Ecological implications and future trends are also discussed. Based on the cell density evolution, data previously gathered on the area, and the biology of this species, we propose that the bloom originated in the coastal area, spreading offshore thanks to the resting cysts formed and transported in the water column.
Enhancing Medical Image Quality Using Fractional Order Denoising Integrated with Transfer Learning
Authors: Annadurai Abirami , Sureshkumar Vidhushavarshini , Jaganathan Dhayanithi , Dhanasekaran Seshathiri
Published: August 2024

In medical imaging, noise can significantly obscure critical details, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Traditional denoising techniques often struggle to maintain a balance between noise reduction and detail preservation. To address this challenge, we propose an “Efficient Transfer-Learning-Based Fractional Order Image Denoising Approach in Medical Image Analysis (ETLFOD)” method. Our approach uniquely integrates transfer learning with fractional order techniques, leveraging pre-trained models such as DenseNet121 to adapt to the specific needs of medical image denoising. This method enhances denoising performance while preserving essential image details. The ETLFOD model has demonstrated superior performance compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques. For instance, our DenseNet121 model achieved an accuracy of 98.01%, precision of 98%, and recall of 98%, significantly outperforming traditional denoising methods. Specific results include a 95% accuracy, 98% precision, 99% recall, and 96% F1-score for MRI brain datasets, and an 88% accuracy, 91% precision, 95% recall, and 88% F1-score for COVID-19 lung data. X-ray pneumonia results in the lung CT dataset showed a 92% accuracy, 97% precision, 98% recall, and 93% F1-score. It is important to note that while we report performance metrics in this paper, the primary evaluation of our approach is based on the comparison of original noisy images with the denoised outputs, ensuring a focus on image quality enhancement rather than classification performance.
Comparison of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Advanced Echocardiography in Evaluation of Patients with High Burden of Premature Ventricular Contractions and Normal Standard Echocardiography
Authors: Wickzén Oscar , Sundqvist Martin , Scorza Raffaele
Published: August 2024

Echocardiography is recommended as a first-line diagnostic tool in patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). However, standard echocardiography is not always able to identify early signs of myocardial dysfunction and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) may offer additional information. Since CMR has lower accessibility and higher cost compared to echocardiography, we wanted to evaluate how additional echocardiographic parameters, not included in routine examinations, perform compared to CMR in detecting signs of cardiomyopathy in PVC patients with normal findings at a standard echocardiogram. We compared CMR findings and results from an extended echocardiographic examination in thirty-nine patients who had a high PVC burden. The additional echocardiographic parameters were global longitudinal strain, mechanical dispersion, ventricular–arterial coupling, integrated backscatter and left atrial activation time. Eleven patients had pathological findings at CMR. The additional echocardiographic parameters did not significantly differ between patients with or without CMR findings. However, several patients with normal CMR findings showed signs of ventricular dysfunction when evaluated with the additional echocardiographic parameters, which suggests that these could possibly offer supplementary information in the assessment of PVC patients.
Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) as a Maritime Transportation Fuel
Authors: Kaya Cenk
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen (H2) storage is one of the most problematic issues regarding the widespread use of hydrogen, and solid-state hydrogen storage materials are promising in this regard. Hydrogen storage by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) takes attention with its advantages and idiosyncratic properties. In this study, potentials and challenges of sodium borohydride are evaluated considering storage conditions, safety, hydrogen purity, storage capacity, efficiency, cost, and the maturity. Moreover, marine use of NaBH4 is demonstrated, and the pros and cons of the NaBH4 hydrogen storage method are stated. According to evaluations, whereas advantages can be sorted as fuel availability, fuel recyclability, mild storage conditions, exothermicity of reaction, pressure flexibility, and H2 purity, challenges can be sorted as high costs, catalyst deactivation, regeneration, and practical/technical implementation issues. The great potential of NaBH4 marine use (against road/aerial vehicles) is water availability, no need to carry all the required water for the entire journey, and reduced system weight/volume by this way.
Cannabinoids in the Inflamed Synovium Can Be a Target for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Roseti Livia , Borciani Giorgia , Amore Emanuela , Grigolo Brunella
Published: August 2024

The management of rheumatic diseases has noticeably changed in recent years with the development of targeted therapeutic agents, namely, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Identifying essential signaling pathways and factors crucial for the development and progression of these diseases remains a significant challenge. Therapy could be used to delay the onset or reduce harm. The endocannabinoid system’s presence within the synovium can be identified as a suggested target for therapeutic interventions due to its role in modulating pain, inflammation, and joint metabolism. This review brings together the most pertinent information concerning the actions of the endocannabinoid system present in inflamed synovial tissue and its interaction with phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids, which can be used from a therapeutic perspective to minimize the inflammatory and pain processes typical of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Receptor Pharmacogenomics: Deciphering Genetic Influence on Drug Response
Authors: Anghel Sorina Andreea , Dinu-Pirvu Cristina-Elena , Costache Mihaela-Andreea , Voiculescu Ana Maria , Ghica Mihaela Violeta , Anuța Valentina , Popa Lăcrămioara
Published: August 2024

The paradigm “one drug fits all” or “one dose fits all” will soon be challenged by pharmacogenetics research and application. Drug response—efficacy or safety—depends on interindividual variability. The current clinical practice does not include genetic screening as a routine procedure and does not account for genetic variation. Patients with the same illness receive the same treatment, yielding different responses. Integrating pharmacogenomics in therapy would provide critical information about how a patient will respond to a certain drug. Worldwide, great efforts are being made to achieve a personalized therapy-based approach. Nevertheless, a global harmonized guideline is still needed. Plasma membrane proteins, like receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are ubiquitously expressed, being involved in a diverse array of physiopathological processes. Over 30% of drugs approved by the FDA target GPCRs, reflecting the importance of assessing the genetic variability among individuals who are treated with these drugs. Pharmacogenomics of transmembrane protein receptors is a dynamic field with profound implications for precision medicine. Understanding genetic variations in these receptors provides a framework for optimizing drug therapies, minimizing adverse reactions, and advancing the paradigm of personalized healthcare.
CAIP-Induced ROS Production Contributes to Sustaining Atherosclerotic Process Associated with Helicobacter cinaedi Infection through Macrophages and Endothelial Cells Activation
Authors: Paolini Erika , Cozzi Stefano , Codolo Gaia
Published: August 2024

Several lines of evidence have linked the intestinal bacterium Helicobacter cinaedi with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, identifying the Cinaedi Antigen Inflammatory Protein (CAIP) as a key virulence factor. Oxidative stress and inflammation are crucial in sustaining the atherosclerotic process and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) uptake. Primary human macrophages and endothelial cells were pre-incubated with 10 µM diphenyl iodonium salt (DPI) and stimulated with 20 µg/mL CAIP. Lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX-1) expression was evaluated by FACS analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the fluorescent probe H2DCF-DA, and cytokine release was quantified by ELISA assay. Foam cells formation was assessed by Oil Red-O staining, and phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases and NF-κB pathway activation were determined by Western blot. This study demonstrated that CAIP triggered LOX-1 over-expression and increased ROS production in both macrophages and endothelial cells. Blocking ROS abrogated LOX-1 expression and reduced LDL uptake and foam cells formation. Additionally, CAIP-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release was significantly affected by ROS inhibition. The signaling pathway induced by CAIP-induced oxidative stress led to p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. These findings elucidate the mechanism of action of CAIP, which heightens oxidative stress and contributes to the atherosclerotic process in H. cinaedi-infected patients.
Integrating Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics to Investigate the Mechanism of Fetal Placental Overgrowth in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Cattle
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Wu Shanshan , Yun Yuan , Du Zhiwen , Liu Shuqin , Bo Chunjie , Gao Yuxin , Yang Lei , Song Lishuang , Bai Chunling , Su Guanghua , Li Guangpeng
Published: August 2024

A major factor limiting the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology is the low success rate of pregnancy, mainly due to placental abnormalities disrupting the maternal-fetal balance during pregnancy. Although there has been some progress in research on the abnormal enlargement of cloned bovine placenta, there are still few reports on the direct regulatory mechanisms of enlarged cloned bovine placenta tissue. In this study, we conducted sequencing and analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of placental tissues from SCNT cattle (n = 3) and control (CON) cattle (n = 3). The omics analysis results indicate abnormalities in biological functions such as protein digestion and absorption, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the regulation of lipid breakdown, as well as glycerolipid metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism in the placenta of SCNT cattle. Integrating these analyses highlights critical metabolic pathways affecting SCNT cattle placenta, including choline metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that aberrant expressions of genes, proteins, and metabolites in SCNT placentas affect key pathways in protein digestion, growth hormone function, and energy metabolism. Our results suggest that abnormal protein synthesis, growth hormone function, and energy metabolism in SCNT bovine placental tissues contribute to placental hypertrophy. These findings offer valuable insights for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying SCNT bovine placental abnormalities.
Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Rice Tolerance to Salt and Drought Stress: Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Li Qingyang , Zhu Peiwen , Yu Xinqiao , Xu Junying , Liu Guolan
Published: August 2024

Rice, a globally important food crop, faces significant challenges due to salt and drought stress. These abiotic stresses severely impact rice growth and yield, manifesting as reduced plant height, decreased tillering, reduced biomass, and poor leaf development. Recent advances in molecular biology and genomics have uncovered key physiological and molecular mechanisms that rice employs to cope with these stresses, including osmotic regulation, ion balance, antioxidant responses, signal transduction, and gene expression regulation. Transcription factors such as DREB, NAC, and bZIP, as well as plant hormones like ABA and GA, have been identified as crucial regulators. Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing holds promise for significantly enhancing rice stress tolerance. Future research should integrate multi-omics approaches and smart agriculture technologies to develop rice varieties with enhanced stress resistance, ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture in the face of global environmental changes.
Study of Insulin Aggregation and Fibril Structure under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Ziaunys Mantas , Mikalauskaite Kamile , Sakalauskas Andrius , Smirnovas Vytautas
Published: August 2024

Protein amyloid aggregation is linked with widespread and fatal neurodegenerative disorders as well as several amyloidoses. Insulin, a small polypeptide hormone, is associated with injection-site amyloidosis and is a popular model protein for in vitro studies of amyloid aggregation processes as well as in the search for potential anti-amyloid compounds. Despite hundreds of studies conducted with this specific protein, the procedures used have employed a vast array of different means of achieving fibril formation. These conditions include the use of different solution components, pH values, ionic strengths, and other additives. In turn, this variety of conditions results in the generation of fibrils with different structures, morphologies and stabilities, which severely limits the possibility of cross-study comparisons as well as result interpretations. In this work, we examine the condition–structure relationship of insulin amyloid aggregation under a range of commonly used pH and ionic strength conditions as well as solution components. We demonstrate the correlation between the reaction solution properties and the resulting aggregation kinetic parameters, aggregate secondary structures, morphologies, stabilities and dye-binding modes.
Viral Factors in Modulation of Host Immune Response: A Route to Novel Antiviral Agents and New Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Tarasova Olga , Petrou Anthi , Ivanov Sergey M. , Geronikaki Athina , Poroikov Vladimir
Published: August 2024

Viruses utilize host cells at all stages of their life cycle, from the transcription of genes and translation of viral proteins to the release of viral copies. The human immune system counteracts viruses through a variety of complex mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive components. Viruses have an ability to evade different components of the immune system and affect them, leading to disruption. This review covers contemporary knowledge about the virus-induced complex interplay of molecular interactions, including regulation of transcription and translation in host cells resulting in the modulation of immune system functions. Thorough investigation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are involved in modulating of host immune response to viral infections can help to develop novel approaches for antiviral therapy. In this review, we consider new therapeutic approaches for antiviral treatment. Modern therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are considered in detail because HIV is a unique example of a virus that leads to host T lymphocyte deregulation and significant modulation of the host immune response. Furthermore, peculiarities of some promising novel agents for the treatment of various viral infections are described.
The Importance of Preoperative NLR, PLR, and MPV Values in Predicting the Risk of Complications in Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Özcan Pırıltı , Düzgün Özgül
Published: August 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis (CRC PC) necessitates preoperative assessment of inflammatory markers to predict postoperative outcomes and guide treatment. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in predicting complications for CRC PC patients undergoing surgery. Methods: Calculating NLR, PLR, and MPV from patient data: NLR = absolute neutrophil count/total lymphocyte count, PLR = total lymphocyte count/total platelet count × 100, and MPV = platelet crit (PCT)/total platelet count. Result: The study included 196 CRC PC patients and found significant relationships between these markers and overall survival (OS). Patients with an NLR of 3.77 had a median OS of 22.1 months, compared to 58.3 months for those with lower NLR (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–5.3, p < 0.001). Conclusions: For CRC PC patients undergoing CRS+HIPEC, preoperative assessment of NLR, PLR, and MPV can serve as independent prognostic markers for OS. Incorporating these markers into preoperative evaluations may improve patient selection and outcome prediction.
Structure–Dopant Concentration Relations in Europium-Doped Yttrium Molybdate and Peak-Sharpening for Luminescence Temperature Sensing
Authors: Gavrilović Tamara , Ćirić Aleksandar , Medić Mina , Ristić Zoran , Periša Jovana , Antić Željka , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: August 2024

A set of Eu3+-doped molybdates, Y2−xEuxMo3O12 (x = 0.04; 0.16; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1; 1.6; 2), was synthesized using a solid-state technique and their properties studied as a function of Eu3+ concentration. X-ray diffraction showed that the replacement of Y3+ with larger Eu3+ resulted in a transformation from orthorhombic (low doping concentrations) through tetragonal (high doping concentrations), reaching monoclinic structure for full replacement in Eu2Mo3O12. The intensity of typical Eu3+ red emission slightly increases in the orthorhombic structure then rises significantly with dopant concentration and has the highest value for the tetragonal Y2Mo3O12:80mol% Eu3+. Further, the complete substitution of Y3+ with Eu3+ in the case of monoclinic Eu2Mo3O12 leads to decreased emission intensity. Lifetime follows a similar trend; it is lower in the orthorhombic structure, reaching slightly higher values for the tetragonal structure and showing a strong decrease for monoclinic Eu2Mo3O12. Temperature-sensing properties of the sample with the highest red Eu3+ emission, Y2Mo3O12:80mol% Eu3+, were analyzed by the luminescence intensity ratio method. For the first time, the peak-sharpening algorithm was employed to separate overlapping peaks in luminescence thermometry, in contrast to the peak deconvolution method. The Sr (relative sensitivity) value of 2.8 % K−1 was obtained at room temperature.
A Novel Concept of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material
Authors: Calotă Răzvan , Pop Octavian , Bode Florin , Croitoru Cristiana , Serafim Andrada , Bărbulescu Alina , Damian Celina , Tefas Lucia
Published: August 2024

In the actual context of growing concerns over sustainability and energy efficiency, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have gained attention as promising solutions for enhancing energy storage and release efficiency. On another hand, materials based on graphene oxide (GO) have proven antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, efficiency in microbial growth inhibition, and pollutant removal. Integrating nanoparticles into PCMs and creating Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials (NEPCMs) have opened new horizons for optimizing the performance of these systems and sustainable development. The key objective of this work is to gain insight into NECPMs, which are used in solar wall systems to enhance solar energy storage. Paraffin RT31 was mixed with Cu nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO), and Cu-decorated GO (Cu@GO) at loading ratios ranging from 1% to 4% (w/w nanoparticles with respect to RT31). The compositions were characterized through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and rheology tests. The decoration of the carbon-based nanoparticles was performed using the ultrasonication procedure, and the decoration efficiency was confirmed through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The rheologic measurements were performed to correlate the flow behavior of the NEPCM with their composition at various temperatures. The study methodically investigated these composites’ latent heat values, phase change peak temperatures, and solidification phase change temperatures. Compared to pure paraffin, the solidification of the formulations obtained using Cu@GO exhibits the largest increase in latent heat, with a 12.07% growth at a concentration of 2%. Additionally, at a 4% concentration of NEPCM, the largest increase in thermal conductivity was attained, namely 12.5%.
Experimental Research and Computational Analysis of Eco- and Biomaterials
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz
Published: August 2024

This Special Issue of Materials is dedicated to the exploration and analysis of eco- and biomaterials through experimental research and computational methods [...]
Silica–Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanoarchitectures with Simultaneous Adsorption and Photothermal Properties
Authors: Ruiz-Hitzky Eduardo , Ounis Mabrouka , Younes Mohamed Kadri , Pérez-Carvajal Javier
Published: August 2024

Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene has been successfully intercalated and exfoliated with the simultaneous generation of a 3D silica network by treating its cationic surfactant intercalation compound (MXene-CTAB) with an alkoxysilane (TMOS), resulting in a MXene–silica nanoarchitecture, which has high porosity and specific surface area, together with the intrinsic properties of MXene (e.g., photothermal response). The ability of these innovative MXene silica materials to induce thermal activation reactions of previously adsorbed compounds is demonstrated here using NIR laser irradiation. For this purpose, the pinacol rearrangement reaction has been selected as a first model example, testing the effectiveness of NIR laser-assisted photothermal irradiation in these processes. This work shows that Ti3C2Tx-based nanoarchitectures open new avenues for applications that rely on the combined properties inherent to their integrated nanocomponents, which could be extended to the broader MXene family.
Inverse Identification of Constitutive Model for GH4198 Based on Genetic–Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Jin Qichao , Li Jun , Li Fulin , Fu Rui , Yu Hongyu , Guo Lei
Published: August 2024

A precise Johnson-Cook (J–C) constitutive model is the foundation for precise calculation of finite-element simulation. In order to obtain the J–C constitutive model accurately for a new cast and forged alloy GH4198, an inverse identification of J–C constitutive model was proposed based on a genetic–particle swarm algorithm. Firstly, a quasi-static tensile test at different strain rates was conducted to determine the initial yield strength A, strain hardening coefficient B, and work hardening exponent n for the material’s J–C model. Secondly, a new method for orthogonal cutting model was constructed based on the unequal division shear theory and considering the influence of tool edge radius. In order to obtain the strain-rate strengthening coefficient C and thermal softening coefficient m, an orthogonal cutting experiment was conducted. Finally, in order to validate the precision of the constitutive model, an orthogonal cutting thermo-mechanical coupling simulation model was established. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of J–C constitutive model parameters on simulation results was analyzed. The results indicate that the parameter m significantly affects chip morphology, and that the parameter C has a notable impact on the cutting force. This study addressed the issue of missing constitutive parameters for GH4198 and provided a theoretical reference for the optimization and identification of constitutive models for other aerospace materials.
Research on the Erosion Law and Protective Measures of L360N Steel for Surface Pipelines Used in Shale Gas Extraction
Authors: Huo Shaoquan , Peng Lincai , Li Yunpeng , Xu Yong , Huang Hongbing , Yuan Xi
Published: August 2024

The erosion of surface pipelines induced by proppant flowback during shale gas production is significant. The surface pipelines in a shale gas field in the Sichuan Basin experienced perforation failures after only five months of service. To investigate the erosion features of L360N, coatings, and ceramics and optimize the selection of two protective materials, a gas–solid two-phase flow jet erosion experimental device was used to explore the erosion resistance of L360N, coatings, and ceramics under different impact velocities (15 m/s, 20 m/s, and 30 m/s). An energy dispersive spectroscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a laser confocal microscope were employed to analyze erosion morphologies. With the increase in flow velocity, the erosion depth and erosion rate of L360N, coating, and ceramic increased and peaked under an impact velocity of 30 m/s. The maximum erosion rate and maximum erosion depth of L360N were, respectively, 0.0350 mg/g and 37.5365 µm. Its primary material removal mechanism was the plowing of solid particles, and microcracks were distributed on the material surface under high flow velocities. The maximum erosion rate and maximum erosion depth of the coating were, respectively, 0.0217 mg/g and 18.9964 µm. The detachment of matrix caused by plowing is the main material removal mechanism. The maximum erosion rate and maximum erosion depth of ceramics were, respectively, 0.0108 mg/g and 12.4856 µm. The erosion mechanisms were micro-cutting and plowing. Under different particle impact velocities, different erosion morphologies were observed, but the primary erosion mechanism was the same. The erosion resistance of the ceramics was higher than that of the coatings. Therefore, ceramic lining materials could be used to protect the easily eroded parts, such as pipeline bends and tees, and reduce the failure rate by more than 93%. The study provided the data and theoretical basis for the theoretical study on oil and gas pipeline erosion and pipeline material selection.
Experimental Study to Investigate the Performance-Related Properties of Modified Asphalt Concrete Using Nanomaterials Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2
Authors: Albayati Amjad H. , Oukaili Nazar K. , Moudhafar Mustafa M. , Allawi Abbas A. , Said Abdulmuttalib I. , Ibrahim Teghreed H.
Published: August 2024

The dual nature of asphalt binder necessitates improvements to mitigate rutting and fatigue since it performs as an elastic material under the regime of rapid loading or cold temperatures and as a viscous fluid at elevated temperatures. The present investigation assesses the effectiveness of Nano Alumina (NA), Nano Silica (NS), and Nano Titanium Dioxide (NT) at weight percentages of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% in asphalt cement to enhance both asphalt binder and mixture performance. Binder evaluations include tests for consistency, thermal susceptibility, aging, and workability, while mixture assessments focus on Marshall properties, moisture susceptibility, resilient modulus, permanent deformation, and fatigue characteristics. NS notably improves binder viscosity by about 138% and reduces penetration by approximately 40.8% at 8% nanomaterial (NM) content, significantly boosting hardness and consistency. NS also enhances Marshall stability and decreases air voids, increasing the mix’s durability. For moisture resistance, NS at 8% NM content elevates the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) to 91.0%, substantially surpassing the 80% standard. Similarly, NA and NT also show improved TSR values at 8% NM content, with 88.0% and 84.1%, respectively. Additionally, NS, NA, and NT reduce permanent deformation by 82%, 69%, and 64% at 10,000 cycles at 8% NM content, illustrating their effectiveness in mitigating pavement distress. Notably, while higher NM content generally results in better performance across most tests, the optimal NM content for fatigue resistance is 4% for NS and 6% for both NA and NT, reflecting their peak performance against various types of pavement distresses. These results highlight the significant advantages of nanoparticles in improving asphalt’s mechanical properties, workability, stability, and durability. The study recommends further field validation to confirm these laboratory findings and ensure that enhancements translate into tangible improvements in real-world pavement performance and longevity.
Effect of Citric Acid Hard Anodizing on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Different Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Cabral-Miramontes José , Almeraya-Calderón Facundo , Méndez-Ramírez Ce Tochtli , Flores-De los Rios Juan Pablo , Maldonado-Bandala Erick , Baltazar-Zamora Miguel Ángel , Nieves-Mendoza Demetrio , Lara-Banda María , Pedraza-Basulto Gabriela , Gaona-Tiburcio Citlalli
Published: August 2024

Hard anodizing is used to improve the anodic films’ mechanical qualities and aluminum alloys’ corrosion resistance. Applications for anodic oxide coatings on aluminum alloys include the space environment. In this work, the aluminum alloys 2024-T3 (Al-Cu), 6061-T6 (Al-Mg-Si), and 7075-T6 (Al-Zn) were prepared by hard anodizing electrochemical treatment using citric and sulfur acid baths at different concentrations. The aim of the work is to observe the effect of citric acid on the microstructure of the substrate, the mechanical properties, the corrosion resistance, and the morphology of the hard anodic layers. Hard anodizing was performed on three different aluminum alloys using three citric–sulfuric acid mixtures for 60 min and using current densities of 3.0 and 4.5 A/dm2. Vickers microhardness (HV) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to determine the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the hard anodizing material, and electrochemical techniques to understand the corrosion kinetics. The result indicates that the aluminum alloy 6061-T6 (Al-Mg-Si) has the maximum hard-coat thickness and hardness. The oxidation of Zn and Mg during the anodizing process found in the 7075-T6 (Al-Zn) alloy promotes oxide formation. Because of the high copper concentration, the oxide layer that forms on the 2024-T6 (Al-Cu) Al alloy has the lowest thickness, hardness, and corrosion resistance. Citric and sulfuric acid solutions can be used to provide hard anodizing in a variety of aluminum alloys that have corrosion resistance and mechanical qualities on par with or better than traditional sulfuric acid anodizing.
Hypochloremia: A Potential Indicator of Poor Outcomes in COVID-19
Authors: Barkay Orçun , Karakeçili Faruk
Published: August 2024

Background: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has posed formidable challenges to healthcare systems. Exploring novel biomarkers that can provide valuable prognostic insights, particularly in critically ill patients, has a significant importance. Against this backdrop, our study aims to elucidate the associations between serum chloride levels and clinical outcomes. Methods: A total of 499 patients were enrolled into the study. The serum chloride levels of patients upon hospital admission were recorded and then categorized into three groups (hypochloremia, normochloremia, and hyperchloremia) for the evaluation of clinical outcomes. Additionally, serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-dimer measurements were recorded for further evaluation. Results: A total of 390 (78.1%) patients tested positive for COVID-19 via polymerase chain reaction testing. Non-contrast thorax computed tomography scans were indicative of COVID-19 compatibility for all patients. A total of 210 (42%) patients were female and 289 (58%) were male. A total of 214 (42.8%) patients necessitated tocilizumab intervention; 250 (50.1%) were at an intensive care unit (ICU), with 166 (66.4%) of them receiving tocilizumab. A total of 65 (13%) patients died, 40 (61.5%) of whom received tocilizumab; 41 (63%) were in the ICU. Serum chloride levels upon admission were markedly lower and elevated D-dimer levels were apparent in tocilizumab users, patients requiring ICU care, and patients who died. Conclusions: our findings provide robust evidence supporting the value of serum chloride levels as a prognostic biomarker in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Effects of High Dose Bolus Cholecalciferol on Free Vitamin D Metabolites, Bone Turnover Markers and Physical Function
Authors: Bowles Simon D. , Jacques Richard , Hill Thomas R. , Eastell Richard , Walsh Jennifer S.
Published: August 2024

High dose bolus cholecalciferol supplementation has been associated with falls and fracture, and this does not appear to be due to hypercalcaemia. The primary aim of this study was to determine the change in free vitamin D and metabolites after high dose bolus supplementation. This was a single centre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial of three different oral bolus doses of vitamin D3 (50,000 IU, 150,000 IU, and 500,000 IU) in otherwise healthy, vitamin D deficient (total 25-hydroxylated vitamin 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) postmenopausal women. Thirty-three women were randomized to one of the three treatment groups. Twenty-seven vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D > 50 nmol/L) postmenopausal women were recruited as a concurrent control group. Participants attended five study visits over three months. We measured total 25(OH)D3 and free 25(OH)D, total and free 1,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast-growth factor-23, serum calcium, ionised calcium, urinary calcium excretion, and bone turnover markers (procollagen I N-propeptide (PINP), serum C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) and Osteocalcin (OC)). We assessed muscle strength and function with grip strength and a short physical performance battery. Postural blood pressure and aldosterone:renin ratio (ARR) was also measured. Total 25(OH)D3 and free 25(OH)D increased in response to dose, and there were proportionate increases in total and free metabolites. Treatment did not affect serum calcium, postural blood pressure, ARR, or physical function. Bone turnover markers increased transiently one week after administration of 500,000 IU. High dose bolus cholecalciferol supplementation does not cause disproportionate increases in free vitamin D or metabolites. We did not identify any effect on blood pressure regulation or physical function that would explain increased falls after high dose treatment. A transient increase in bone turnover markers one week after a 500,000 IU bolus suggests that very high doses can have acute effects on bone metabolism, but the clinical significance of this transient increase is uncertain.
Efficacy of 1-Kestose Supplementation in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Nakaoka Kazunori , Ohno Eizaburo , Kuramitsu Kento , Kuzuya Teiji , Funasaka Kohei , Tochio Takumi , Fujii Tadashi , Takahashi Hideaki , Kondo Nobuhiro , Miyahara Ryoji , Hashimoto Senju , Hirooka Yoshiki
Published: August 2024

Less than half of all patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) respond to chemotherapy, and the prognosis of PDAC is poor, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota. We investigated the clinical improvement effects of 1-kestose, a fructooligosaccharide, on PDAC chemotherapy in this single-center, randomized, controlled pilot trial conducted at Fujita Health University Hospital, which enrolled patients with PDAC. The trial included 1-kestose administration and non-administration groups. The 1-kestose group received 9 g of 1-kestose daily for 12 weeks, and their blood markers, imaging studies, physical findings, and gut microbiota were evaluated. In the 1-kestose administration group, the cancer marker CA19-9 significantly decreased, and there was a reduction in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). There was also suppression of the reduction of albumin levels and of an increase in C-reactive protein. Additionally, Escherichia coli, which typically increases in PDAC, significantly decreased in the 1-kestose group. Thus, 1-kestose altered the gut microbiota and improved the prognostic factors for PDAC. Large-scale, long-term trials of 1-kestose interventions for PDAC are thus warranted to improve the prognosis of PDAC.