bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine hepatic miRNAome profiling and differential miRNA expression analyses between beef steers with divergent feed efficiency phenotypes
Authors: Mukiibi Robert , Johnston Dayle , Vinsky Michael , Fitzsimmons Carolyn , Stothard Paul , Waters Sinéad M. , Li Changxi
Published: November 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules involved in regulation of multiple biological processes through modulating expression of their target genes. Here we employed RNAseq to profile liver tissue miRNAome of 60 steers from Angus, Charolais, and Kinsella Composite (KC) populations. Of these animals, 36 animals (n = 12 for each breed) were utilized to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs between animals with high (n = 6) or low (n = 6) phenotypic values of residual feed intake (RFI), a common measurement of feed efficiency. At a threshold of fold-change > 1.5 and P-value < 0.05, we detected 12 (7 up- and 5 downregulated in low-RFI animals), 18 (12 up- and 6 downregulated), and 13 (8 up- and 5 downregulated) DE miRNAs for Angus, Charolais, and KC steers, respectively. Most of the DE miRNAs were breed specific, with bta-miR-449a and bta-miR-AB-2 being differentially expressed in all three breeds. The predicted target genes of the identified DE miRNA are mainly involved in cell cycle, cell death and survival, cell signaling, cellular growth and proliferation, protein trafficking, cell morphology, cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, cellular development, molecular transport, post-translational modification, as well as nutrient metabolism (lipids, carbohydrates, protein and amino acid). Our results provide insights into the bovine hepatic miRNAome and their potential roles in molecular regulation of RFI in beef cattle.
Optical detection for magnetic field using Ni-subwavelength grating on SiO2/thin-film Ag/glass structure
Authors: Takashima Yuusuke , Moriiwa Kohei , Haraguchi Masanobu , Naoi Yoshiki
Published: November 2020

An optical sensor for magnetic field detection using Ni-subwavelength grating (SWG) on SiO2/Ag-thin-film/glass substrates was experimentally developed on the basis of the re-radiation condition of surface-plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) at Ag surfaces. The fabricated sample showed two dips in the reflection spectra associated with SPP excitation, and the optical response exhibited good agreement with that simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method. The reflectivity at one of the dip wavelengths varied minimally with the application of the magnetic field, whereas that at the other dip wavelength significantly decreased owing to the large electric field overlap of SPP with the magnetized Ni-SWG. As a result, a magnetic field on the order of a few mT could be detected with a simple normal-incidence optical system.
Electrochemical alcohols oxidation mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide on nickel foam surface
Authors: Behrouzi Leila , Bagheri Robabeh , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Song Zhenlun , Chernev Petko , Dau Holger , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Kaboudin Babak
Published: November 2020

Alcohol to aldehyde conversion is a critical reaction in the industry. Herein, a new electrochemical method is introduced that converts 1 mmol of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI, 20 mol%) as a mediator; this conversion is achieved after 8.5 h at room temperature using a piece of Ni foam (1.0 cm2) and without adding an extra-base or a need for high temperature. Using this method, 10 mmol (1.08 g) of benzyl alcohol was also successfully oxidized to benzaldehyde (91%) without any by-products. This method was also used to oxidize other alcohols with high yield and selectivity. In the absence of a mediator, the surface of the nickel foam provided oxidation products at the lower yield. After the reaction was complete, nickel foam (anode) was characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroelectrochemistry, which pointed to the formation of nickel oxide on the surface of the electrode. On the other hand, using other electrodes such as Pt, Cu, Fe, and graphite resulted in a low yield for the alcohol to aldehyde conversion.
An open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of antiseptic mouthwash versus antibiotics for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea treatment (OMEGA2)
Authors: Chow Eric P. F. , Maddaford Kate , Hocking Jane S. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Wigan Rebecca , Chen Marcus Y. , Howden Benjamin P. , Williamson Deborah A. , Fairley Christopher K.
Published: November 2020

New treatments for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea are required to address rising antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to examine the efficacy of a 14-day course of mouthwash twice daily compared to standard treatment (antibiotic) for the treatment of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. The OMEGA2 trial was a parallel-group and open-labelled randomised controlled trial among men with untreated oropharyngeal gonorrhoea that was conducted between September 2018 and February 2020 at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in Australia. Men were randomised to the intervention (rinsing, gargling and spraying mouthwash twice daily for 14 days) or control (standard treatment) arm and followed for 28 days. Participants in both arms were advised to abstain from sex and kissing with anyone for 14 days after enrolment. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected at baseline, Day 14 and Day 28 and tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and culture. The primary outcome was the detection of oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae by NAAT at Day 14 after treatment. This trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001380280). This trial stopped early due to a high failure rate in the mouthwash arm. Twelve men were randomly assigned to either mouthwash (n = 6) or standard treatment (n = 6). Of the 11 men who returned at Day 14, the cure rate for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in the mouthwash arm was 20% (95% CI 1–72%; 1/5) and in the standard treatment arm was 100% (95% CI 54–100%; 6/6). A 14-day course of mouthwash failed to cure a high proportion of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea cases.
Caloric restriction modulates the monoaminergic system and metabolic hormones in aged rats
Authors: Portero-Tresserra Marta , Rojic-Becker D. , Vega-Carbajal C. , Guillazo-Blanch G. , Vale-Martínez A. , Martí-Nicolovius M.
Published: November 2020

Caloric restriction (CR) can attenuate the general loss of health observed during aging, being one of the mechanisms involved the reduction of hormonal alteration, such as insulin and leptin. This change could also prevent age-specific fluctuations in brain monoamines, although few studies have addressed the effects of CR on peripheral hormones and central neurotransmitters exhaustively. Therefore, the variations in brain monoamine levels and some peripheral hormones were assessed here in adult 4-month old and 24-month old male Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL) or maintained on a 30% CR diet from four months of age. Noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) in nine brain regions: cerebellum, pons, midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex, and occipital cortex. In addition, the blood plasma levels of hormones like corticosterone, insulin and leptin were also evaluated, as were insulin-like growth factor 1 and other basal metabolic parameters using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs): cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, albumin, low-density lipoprotein, calcium and high-density lipoprotein (HDLc). CR was seen to increase the NA levels that are altered by aging in specific brain regions like the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hypothalamus, and the DA levels in the striatum, as well as modifying the 5-HT levels in the striatum, hypothalamus, pons and hippocampus. Moreover, the insulin, leptin, calcium and HDLc levels in the blood were restored in old animals maintained on a CR diet. These results suggest that a dietary intervention like CR may have beneficial health effects, recovering some negative effects on peripheral hormones, metabolic parameters and brain monoamine concentrations.
Photoacoustic in vivo 3D imaging of tumor using a highly tumor-targeting probe under high-threshold conditions
Authors: Yamada Hisatsugu , Matsumoto Natsuki , Komaki Takanori , Konishi Hiroaki , Kimura Yu , Son Aoi , Imai Hirohiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Aoyama Yasuhiro , Kondo Teruyuki
Published: November 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) representation of a tumor with respect to its size, shape, location, and boundaries is still a challenge in photoacoustic (PA) imaging using artificial contrast agents as probes. We carried out PA imaging of tumors in mice using 800RS-PMPC, which was obtained by coupling of 800RS, a near-infrared cyanine dye, with PMPC, a highly selective tumor-targeting methacrylate polymer having phosphorylcholine side chains, as a probe. The conjugate 800RS-PMPC forms compact nanoparticles (dDLS = 14.3 nm), retains the biocompatibility of the parent polymer (PMPC) and exhibits unprecedented PA performance. When applied to mice bearing a 6 × 3 × 3 mm3 tumor buried 6 mm beneath the skin, the probe 800RS-PMPC selectively accumulates in the tumor and emits PA signals that are strong enough to be unambiguously distinguished from noise signals of endogenous blood/hemoglobin. The PA image thus obtained under high-threshold conditions allows 3D characterization of the tumor in terms of its size, shape, location, and boundaries.
Ceramide analog [18F]F-HPA-12 detects sphingolipid disbalance in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice by functioning as a metabolic probe
Authors: Crivelli Simone M. , van Kruining Daan , Luo Qian , Stevens Jo A. A. , Giovagnoni Caterina , Paulus Andreas , Bauwens Matthias , Berkes Dusan , de Vries Helga E. , Mulder Monique T. , Walter Jochen , Waelkens Etienne , Derua Rita , Swinnen Johannes V. , Dehairs Jonas , Mottaghy Felix M. , Losen Mario , Bieberich Erhard , Martinez-Martinez Pilar
Published: November 2020

The metabolism of ceramides is deregulated in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and is associated with apolipoprotein (APO) APOE4 and amyloid-β pathology. However, how the ceramide metabolism changes over time in AD, in vivo, remains unknown. Distribution and metabolism of [18F]F-HPA-12, a radio-fluorinated version of the ceramide analog N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl) dodecanamide, was investigated in the brain of AD transgenic mouse models (FAD) on an APOE4 or APOE3 genetic background, by positron emission tomography and by gamma counter. We found that FAD mice displayed a higher uptake of [18F]F-HPA-12 in the brain, independently from the APOE4 or APOE3 genetic background. FAD mice could be distinguished from littermate control animals with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 87.5%, by gamma counter measurements. Metabolic analysis of [18F]F-HPA-12 in the brain suggested that the tracer is degraded less efficiently in the FAD mice. Furthermore, the radioactive signal registered in the hippocampus correlated with an increase of Cer d18:1/20:2 levels measured in the same brain region by mass spectrometry. Our data gives additional proof that ceramide metabolism is different in FAD mice compared to controls. Ceramide analogs like HPA-12 may function as metabolic probes to study ceramide disbalance in the brain.
Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder in Korea
Authors: Han Byeol , Hur Keunyoung , Ohn Jungyoon , Kim Tae Min , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim You Chan , Mun Je-Ho
Published: November 2020

Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (HVLPD) is a rare Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disease. The disease course of HVLPD varies from an indolent course to progression to aggressive lymphoma. We investigated the characteristics of HVLPD in Korean patients. HVLPD patients at Seoul National University Hospital between 1988 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. This study included 26 HVLPD patients who all presented with recurrent papulovesicular and necrotic eruption on the face, neck, and extremities. EBV was detected from the skin tissues of all patients. HVLPD was diagnosed during childhood (age < 18 years) in seven patients (26.9%) and in adulthood (age ≥ 18 years) in 19 cases (73.1%). The median age at diagnosis was 24.0 years (range 7–70 years). HVLPD has various clinical courses, from an indolent course to progression to systemic lymphoma. Fourteen patients (53.8%) developed lymphoma: systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma (n = 9, 34.6%); extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (n = 3, 11.5%); aggressive natural killer/T-cell leukemia (n = 1, 3.8%); and EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1, 3.8%). Mortality due to HVLPD occurred in five patients (26.3%) in the adult group, while it was one patient (14.3%) in the child group. As lymphoma progression and mortality occur not only in childhood but also in adulthood, adult-onset cases may need more careful monitoring.
Vascular protective effect of aspirin and rivaroxaban upon endothelial denudation of the mouse carotid artery
Authors: Mastenbroek T. G. , Karel M. F. A. , Nagy M. , Chayoua W. , Korsten E. I. J. , Coenen D. M. , Debets J. , Konings J. , Brouns A. E. , Leenders P. J. A. , van Essen H. , van Oerle R. , Heitmeier S. , Spronk H. M. , Kuijpers M. J. E. , Cosemans J. M. E. M.
Published: November 2020

While in recent trials the dual pathway inhibition with aspirin plus rivaroxaban has shown to be efficacious in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, little is known about the effects of this combination treatment on thrombus formation and vascular remodelling upon vascular damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of aspirin and/or rivaroxaban on injury-induced murine arterial thrombus formation in vivo and in vitro, vessel-wall remodelling, and platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Temporary ligation of the carotid artery of C57BL/6 mice, fed a western type diet, led to endothelial denudation and sub-occlusive thrombus formation. At the site of ligation, the vessel wall stiffened and the intima-media thickened. Aspirin treatment antagonized vascular stiffening and rivaroxaban treatment led to a positive trend towards reduced stiffening. Local intima-media thickening was antagonized by both aspirin or rivaroxaban treatment. Platelet-leukocyte aggregates and the number of platelets per leukocyte were reduced in aspirin and/or rivaroxaban treatment groups. Furthermore, rivaroxaban restricted thrombus growth and height in vitro. In sum, this study shows vascular protective effects of aspirin and rivaroxaban, upon vascular injury of the mouse artery.
HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications
Authors: Chemaitelly Hiam , Weiss Helen A. , Abu-Raddad Laith J.
Published: November 2020

This study investigated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence utility as a predictor of HIV epidemic potential among female sex workers (FSWs) globally. We updated and analyzed a systematically-assembled database for paired HSV-2 and HIV seroprevalence measures among FSWs. The study identified 231 paired HSV-2/HIV prevalence measures from 40 countries. The pooled mean HIV prevalence using meta-analysis increased from 3.7% (95% CI 0.3–9.9%) among populations of FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence < 25% to 18.7% (95% CI 14.1–23.8%) among those with HSV-2 prevalence 75–100%. HIV prevalence was negligible in FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence ≤ 20% suggesting a threshold effect. Multivariable meta-regressions explained > 65% of HIV prevalence variation, and identified a strong positive HSV-2/HIV association. Compared to populations of FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence < 25%, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of HIV infection increased from 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.3) in those with HSV-2 prevalence 25–49%, to 13.4 (95% CI 6.1–29.9) in those with HSV-2 prevalence 75–100%. HSV-2 is a strong predictor of HIV epidemic potential among FSWs. HSV-2 prevalence of 25–49% indicates potential for intermediate-intensity HIV epidemics, with higher levels indicative of large epidemics. HSV-2 surveillance could inform HIV preparedness in countries where HIV prevalence among FSWs is still limited or at zero-level.
Guanabenz modulates microglia and macrophages during demyelination
Authors: Thompson Kaitlyn Koenig , Tsirka Stella E.
Published: November 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system, demyelination, and neuronal damage. There is no cure for MS, but available disease-modifying therapies can lessen severity and delay progression. However, current therapies are suboptimal due to adverse effects. Here, we investigate how the FDA-approved antihypertensive drug, guanabenz, which has a favorable safety profile and was recently reported to enhance oligodendrocyte survival, exerts effects on immune cells, specifically microglia and macrophages. We first employed the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and observed pronounced immunomodulation evident by a reduction in pro-inflammatory microglia and macrophages. When guanabenz was administered in the cuprizone model, in which demyelination is less dependent upon immune cells, we did not observe improvements in remyelination, oligodendrocyte numbers, and effects on microglial activation were less dramatic. Thus, guanabenz may be a promising therapeutic to minimize inflammation without exerting severe off-target effects.
Comparing the efficacy of trabeculectomy and XEN gel microstent implantation for the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma: a retrospective monocentric comparative cohort study
Authors: Theilig Theresa , Rehak Matus , Busch Catharina , Bormann Caroline , Schargus Marc , Unterlauft Jan Darius
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of XEN microstent implantation with trabeculectomy (TET) in a comparable group of open-angle glaucoma cases in a retrospective, monocentric, single-surgeon setting. Each treatment group consisted of 100 eyes of 100 patients. At regular follow-up visits during the first 12 months after surgery, the following assessments were conducted and compared: intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP-lowering medications applied, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual field testing. In both groups mean IOP was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Mean IOP dropped from 24.8 ± 7.8 to 14.8 ± 4.0 mmHg in the TET and from 24.5 ± 6.7 to 16.6 ± 4.8 mmHg in the XEN group. The number of active compounds in the prescribed medication dropped from 3.3 ± 1.2 to 1.3 ± 1.4 in the TET and from 3.0 ± 1.1 to 1.4 ± 1.5 in the XEN group. BCVA and mean defect of static automated perimetry did not show a change of statistical significance in either group. Complications were more frequent after TET (p = 0.005) while postoperative needling was more frequent in the XEN group (p = 0.021). TET and XEN led to a significant reduction of IOP and IOP-lowering medication, while BCVA and visual field indices remained mostly unaltered over a 12-month postsurgical follow-up.
Author Correction: A comprehensive study to the assessment of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction in swirling flow
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Shah Zahir , Shutaywi Meshal , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
TBK1 regulates regeneration of pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Jia Yun-Fang , Jeeva Subbiah , Xu Jin , Heppelmann Carrie Jo , Jang Jin Sung , Slama Michael Q. , Tapadar Subhasish , Oyelere Adegboyega K. , Kang Sang-Moo , Matveyenko Aleksey V. , Peterson Quinn P. , Shin Chong Hyun
Published: November 2020

Small-molecule inhibitors of non-canonical IκB kinases TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase ε (IKKε) have shown to stimulate β-cell regeneration in multiple species. Here we demonstrate that TBK1 is predominantly expressed in β-cells in mammalian islets. Proteomic and transcriptome analyses revealed that genetic silencing of TBK1 increased expression of proteins and genes essential for cell proliferation in INS-1 832/13 rat β-cells. Conversely, TBK1 overexpression decreased sensitivity of β-cells to the elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and reduced proliferation of β-cells in a manner dependent on the activity of cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3). While the mitogenic effect of (E)3-(3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazol-5-yl)acrylic acid (PIAA) is derived from inhibition of TBK1, PIAA augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and expression of β-cell differentiation and proliferation markers in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived β-cells and human islets. TBK1 expression was increased in β-cells upon diabetogenic insults, including in human type 2 diabetic islets. PIAA enhanced expression of cell cycle control molecules and β-cell differentiation markers upon diabetogenic challenges, and accelerated restoration of functional β-cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Altogether, these data suggest the critical function of TBK1 as a β-cell autonomous replication barrier and present PIAA as a valid therapeutic strategy augmenting functional β-cells.
Photovoltatronics: intelligent PV-based devices for energy and information applications
Authors: Ziar Hesan , Manganiello Patrizio , Isabella Olindo , Zeman Miro
Published: November 2020

Electrification and digitization are two significant trends in the energy sector. Photovoltatronics unites these trends by combining solar electricity generation and information communication in PV-based intelligent energy agents.
Heat stability of emulsions using functionalized milk protein concentrate generated by supercritical fluid extrusion
Authors: Ubeyitogullari Ali , Rizvi Syed S. H.
Published: November 2020

Functionalization of milk protein concentrate by supercritical fluid extrusion enhanced its emulsifying properties, and the resulting emulsions with high protein contents were stable upon heating at 121 °C for 15 min.
Structure determination of a metastable Au22(SAdm)16 nanocluster and its spontaneous transformation into Au21(SAdm)15
Authors: Li Qinzhen , Yang Sha , Chen Tao , Jin Shan , Chai Jinsong , Zhang Hui , Zhu Manzhou
Published: November 2020

The structure of Au22(SAdm)16 with a Au10 kernel and its spontaneous transformation into Au21(SAdm)15.
Insights into the impurities of Bi2WO6 synthesized using the hydrothermal method
Authors: Liu Jiayou , Nie Qianqian , Tan Zhongchao , Luo Yulin , Wang Shuai , Yu Hesheng
Published: November 2020

Impurities of Bi2WO6 formed during the hydrothermal process under a wide range of acid–base conditions (from 1.5 M HNO3 to 0.5 M NaOH) were qualitatively analyzed and accurately quantified for the first time.
Microporous polymer membrane assisted water induced electricity generation based on triboelectrification and electrostatic induction
Authors: Shukla Prashant , Saxena Pooja , Bhardwaj Nitin , Jain V. K.
Published: November 2020

Water in its various forms has been found to be one of the most abundant sources of energy on the planet after solar energy, and hydroelectric power plays a key role in renewable-energy supplies.
Synthesis of a mesoporous titania thin film with a pseudo-single-crystal framework by liquid-phase epitaxial growth, and enhancement of photocatalytic activity
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Terashima Chiaki , Nakata Kazuya , Katsumata Ken-ichi , Fujishima Akira
Published: November 2020

An anatase-phase mesoporous titania thin film with a pseudo-single-crystal framework was facilely synthesized by an inexpensive chemical process.
Bio-inspired NHC-organocatalyzed Stetter reaction in aqueous conditions
Authors: Debiais Mégane , Hamoud Aladin , Drain Reihana , Barthélémy Philippe , Desvergnes Valérie
Published: November 2020

The first bio-inspired N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-catalyzed Stetter reaction in aqueous medium is reported with benzaldehyde and chalcone as model substrates.
Using Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment in Audiology Research: The Participants' Perspective
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Wu Yu-Hsiang , Stangl Elizabeth , Crukley Jeff , Pentony Shareka , Galster Jason
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The article's purpose was to examine participants' impressions and experiences with smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to inform future EMA study design.

Method

Adults with hearing impairment (HI,
n
= 9) and with normal hearing (NH,
n
= 10) participated in a study using a smartphone-based EMA system to measure their auditory lifestyles. A 14-item survey was scheduled to deliver every 45 min by an EMA app. After a 1-week trial, participants were interviewed regarding their study experiences. The app log files were analyzed to understand how the participants interacted with the app.

Results

Across the two groups, 1,295 surveys were completed (compliance rate 74.4%). On average, HI participants completed 10.0 and NH participants completed 9.1 surveys per day. The mean survey completion time for HI and NH groups were 72 s and 51 s, respectively. For both groups, about 90% of the participants reported the app as easy to use; about 60% of the participants reported that repetitive surveys interrupted or somewhat interrupted their activities. Participants reported surveys disrupting situations, for example, working, driving, and social events, and that they were more likely to skip surveys in these situations. Additionally, 50% of NH and 30% of HI participants indicated that the survey was not delivered too frequently and none indicated that the survey was too long.

Conclusion

Overall, the app and EMA design seem to be appropriate. Insights from this study can help researchers design their studies to adequately assess listeners' experience in the field with optimal compliance and data quality.
A Comparison of Natural Language Samples Collected From Minimally and Low-Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism by Parents and Examiners
Authors: Barokova Mihaela D. , Hassan Sommer , Lee Collin , Xu Mengyuan , Tager-Flusberg Helen
Published: November 2020

Purpose

We aimed to compare the speech of parents and examiners as they elicited language samples from minimally and low-verbal (MLV) children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while following the same semi-structured elicitation protocol, Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis–Adolescents (ELSA-A). We also compared the speech elicited from the MLV children/adolescents by their parents at home and by trained examiners in the lab and assessed the feasibility of parents collecting language samples at home.

Method

Thirty-three (five female, 28 male) MLV children and adolescents with ASD between the ages of 6;6 and 19;7 (years;months) participated. All participants were administered standardized assessments, and a trained examiner collected an ELSA-A language sample from them in the lab. The parents of 22 of the children/adolescents collected an ELSA-A sample at home. All language samples were transcribed following standard procedures, and measures of expressive language were extracted to assess the quantity of speech, its syntactic complexity, and lexical diversity. At the end of the study, parents filled out a feedback survey about their experiences collecting ELSA-A.

Results

On average, parents produced twice as much speech as trained examiners during ELSA-A. However, their speech did not differ in syntactic complexity or lexical diversity. When with their parents, the MLV children/adolescents also produced twice as much speech than with trained examiners. In addition, their samples were more lexically diverse. Overall, parents elicited longer language samples but administered fewer of the ELSA-A activities. Nevertheless, the majority of parents rated the experience of collecting language samples at home favorably.

Conclusions

When parents collect language samples at home, their older MLV children/adolescents with ASD produce more speech and engage in more back-and-forth verbal interactions than when with trained examiners. Because parent-elicited language samples allow for a richer assessment of children's expressive language abilities, future studies should focus on identifying ways to encourage parents to collect data at home.
Improving Conceptual Print Knowledge: A Description of Intervention Considerations for Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Lawrence Sara
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article was to describe specific considerations for print-referencing interventions for children with hearing loss and present a case study.

Method

One preschool child with hearing loss who used amplification participated in this case study. The child participated individually in print-referencing book-reading intervention (10-min session once a week for 7 weeks), supplemented by parent carryover at home. Each session involved a dose of 20 print-referencing behaviors across two children's books, for a cumulative intervention intensity of 140 print references. Assessment of the child's print knowledge skills occurred at the beginning of each session.

Results

Print-referencing book-reading intervention was associated with gains in conceptual print knowledge.

Conclusions

Print referencing, when implemented with specific considerations for children with hearing loss in mind, may be an effective emergent literacy intervention for increasing conceptual print knowledge in preschool children with hearing loss. More research is needed in this area to determine appropriate dose and dose frequency, as well as effect of interventionist on gains.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13093025
Vehicular communication channel measurement, modelling, and application for beyond 5G and 6G
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Huang Ziwei , Chen Shanzhi
Published: November 2020

As vehicular communications for beyond fifth‐generation (B5G) and sixth‐generation (6G) is picking up interests from academia and industry recently, more and more research and development have been devoted towards the establishment of vehicular communications for B5G and 6G that is capable of supporting the ever more intelligent transportation systems. One key facilitating the design and improvement of vehicular communications for B5G and 6G is channel modelling, which is widely regarded as the foundation of all communication and networking systems. In this paper, the authors focus on the research and analysis of B5G and 6G vehicular channel measurements and modelling. By emphasising the new requirements and challenges that the emerging B5G and 6G technologies and frequency bands bring to vehicular communication channel measurements and modelling, they present an overview of the existing work and identify the limitations therein, and provide guidelines on the channel model development and adoption for various system development and verification objectives. Finally, future challenges related to vehicular channel measurements, modelling, and their application for B5G and 6G are addressed.
Radiative-transfer modeling of supernovae in the nebular-phase
Authors: Dessart L. , John Hillier D.
Published: November 2020

Supernova (SN) explosions play a pivotal role in the chemical evolution of the Universe and the origin of life through the metals they release. Nebular phase spectroscopy constrains such metal yields, for example through forbidden line emission associated with O I, Ca II, Fe II, or Fe III. Fluid instabilities during the explosion produce a complex 3D ejecta structure, with considerable macroscopic, but no microscopic, mixing of elements. This structure sets a formidable challenge for detailed nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer modeling, which is generally limited to 1D in grid-based codes. Here, we present a novel and simple method that allows for macroscopic mixing without any microscopic mixing, thereby capturing the essence of mixing in SN explosions. With this new technique, the macroscopically mixed ejecta are built by shuffling the shells from the unmixed coasting ejecta in mass space, or equivalently in velocity space. The method requires no change to the radiative transfer, but it necessitates high spatial resolution to resolve the rapid variation in composition with depth inherent to this shuffled-shell structure. We show the results for a few radiative-transfer simulations for a Type II SN explosion from a 15 M⊙ progenitor star. Our simulations capture the strong variations in temperature or ionization between the various shells that are rich in H, He, O, or Si. Because of nonlocal energy deposition, γ rays permeate through an extended region of the ejecta, making the details of the shell arrangement unimportant. The greater physical consistency of the method delivers spectral properties at nebular times that are more reliable, in particular in terms of individual emission line strengths, which may serve to constrain the SN yields as well as the progenitor mass for core collapse SNe. The method works for all SN types.
ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT)
Authors: Codella C. , Podio L. , Garufi A. , Perrero J. , Ugliengo P. , Fedele D. , Favre C. , Bianchi E. , Ceccarelli C. , Mercimek S. , Bacciotti F. , Rygl K. L. J. , Testi L.
Published: November 2020

Context. Planet formation starts around Sun-like protostars with ages ≤1 Myr, but the chemical compositions of the surrounding discs remains unknown.

Aims. We aim to trace the radial and vertical spatial distribution of a key species of S-bearing chemistry, namely H2CS, in protoplanetary discs. We also aim to analyse the observed distributions in light of the H2CS binding energy in order to discuss the role of thermal desorption in enriching the gas disc component.

Methods. In the context of the ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in the Taurus star forming region (ALMA-DOT), we observed five Class I or early Class II sources with the o-H2CS(71,6−61,5) line. ALMA-Band 6 was used, reaching spatial resolutions ≃40 au, that is, Solar System spatial scales. We also estimated the binding energy of H2CS using quantum mechanical calculations, for the first time, for an extended, periodic, crystalline ice.

Results. We imaged H2CS emission in two rotating molecular rings in the HL Tau and IRAS 04302+2247 discs, the outer radii of which are ~140 au (HL Tau) and 115 au (IRAS 04302+2247). The edge-on geometry of IRAS 04302+2247 allows us to reveal that H2CS emission peaks at radii of 60–115 au, at z = ±50 au from the equatorial plane. Assuming LTE conditions, the column densities are ~1014 cm−2. We estimate upper limits of a few 1013 cm−2 for the H2CS column densities in DG Tau, DG Tau B, and Haro 6–13 discs. For HL Tau, we derive, for the first time, the [H2CS]/[H] abundance in a protoplanetary disc (≃10−14). The binding energy of H2CS computed for extended crystalline ice and amorphous ices is 4258 and 3000–4600 K, respectively, implying thermal evaporation where dust temperatures are ≥50–80 K.

Conclusions. H2CS traces the so-called warm molecular layer, a region previously sampled using CS and H2CO. Thioformaldehyde peaks closer to the protostar than H2CO and CS, plausibly because of the relatively high excitation level of the observed 71,6−61,5 line (60 K). The H2CS binding energy implies that thermal desorption dominates in thin, au-sized, inner and/or upper disc layers, indicating that the observed H2CS emitting up to radii larger than 100 au is likely injected in the gas phase due to non-thermal processes.
Resistance spot weldability of TBF steel sheets with dissimilar thickness
Authors: Yilmaz Imren Ozturk , Bilici Abdullah Yasin , Aydin Hakan
Published: November 2020

This paper presents an experimental study on weldability of TBF steel sheets with dissimilar thickness. Nominal thickness of TBF sheets were 0.95 and 1.55 mm. Optical microscope was used to observe the cracks formed in the weld zone. The indentation depths were determined by ultrasonic technique. Tensile shear tests were applied to the welded specimens in order to determine the mechanical properties. Higher weld current and time resulted in higher nugget size and indentation depth. This increase in nugget size and indentation depth with increasing of weld current and weld time was almost linearly. The liquid metal embrittlement crack sensitivity in the HAZ was very high on TBF spot welds. The liquid metal embrittlement cracks were much deeper and wider along the weld periphery regions compared to the nugget regions. These cracks were occurred easily with a higher heat input and the crack depth increased almost linearly with increasing of heat input. Weld strength of the specimens was governed by crack formation in the HAZ. Lower weld currents and weld times resulted in higher tensile shear properties. The highest tensile shear load (18.50 kN) and energy absorption (37.5 J) were achieved at 6 kA for 20 cycles. This weld exhibited interfacial failure mode.
Free annotated data for deep learning in microscopy? A hitchhiker’s guide
Authors: Shajkofci Adrian , Liebling Michael
Published: November 2020

In microscopy, the time burden and cost of acquiring and annotating large datasets that many deep learning models take as a prerequisite, often appears to make these methods impractical. Can this requirement for annotated data be relaxed? Is it possible to borrow the knowledge gathered from datasets in other application fields and leverage it for microscopy? Here, we aim to provide an overview of methods that have recently emerged to successfully train learning-based methods in bio-microscopy.
Optical neural networks: The 3D connection
Authors: Dinc Niyazi Ulas , Psaltis Demetri , Brunner Daniel
Published: November 2020

We motivate a canonical strategy for integrating photonic neural networks (NN) by leveraging 3D printing. Our belief is that a NN’s parallel and dense connectivity is not scalable without 3D integration. 3D additive fabrication complemented with photonic signal transduction can dramatically augment the current capabilities of 2D CMOS and integrated photonics. Here we review some of our recent advances made towards such an architecture.
Silicon photonics for artificial intelligence applications
Authors: Marquez Bicky A. , Filipovich Matthew J. , Howard Emma R. , Bangari Viraj , Guo Zhimu , Morison Hugh D. , Ferreira De Lima Thomas , Tait Alexander N. , Prucnal Paul R. , Shastri Bhavin J.
Published: November 2020

Artificial intelligence enabled by neural networks has enabled applications in many fields (e.g. medicine, finance, autonomous vehicles). Software implementations of neural networks on conventional computers are limited in speed and energy efficiency. Neuromorphic engineering aims to build processors in which hardware mimic neurons and synapses in brain for distributed and parallel processing. Neuromorphic engineering enabled by silicon photonics can offer subnanosecond latencies, and can extend the domain of artificial intelligence applications to high-performance computing and ultrafast learning. We discuss current progress and challenges on these demonstrations to scale to practical systems for training and inference.
Photonic reservoir computing using delay dynamical systems
Authors: Antonik Piotr , Massar Serge , Van Der Sande Guy
Published: November 2020

The recent progress in artificial intelligence has spurred renewed interest in hardware implementations of neural networks. Reservoir computing is a powerful, highly versatile machine learning algorithm well suited for experimental implementations. The simplest highperformance architecture is based on delay dynamical systems. We illustrate its power through a series of photonic examples, including the first all optical reservoir computer and reservoir computers based on lasers with delayed feedback. We also show how reservoirs can be used to emulate dynamical systems. We discuss the perspectives of photonic reservoir computing.
Artificial intelligence: From electronics to optics
Authors: Gigan Sylvain , Krzakala Florent , Daudet Laurent , Carron Igor
Published: November 2020

Machine Learning and big data are currently revolutionizing our way of life, in particular with the recent emergence of deep learning. Powered by CPU and GPU, they are currently hardware limited and extremely energy intensive. Photonics, either integrated or in free space, offers a very promising alternative for realizing optically machine learning tasks at high speed and low consumption. We here review the history and current state of the art of optical computing and optical machine learning.
Multidisciplinarité en conception architecturale : retour sur deux décennies en agence
Authors: Dautremont Charlotte , Martin Vincent , Jancart Sylvie
Published: November 2020

Ce papier relate vingt années d’expérience d’une agence multidisciplinaire au sein de laquelle le numérique, et particulièrement le BIM, ont permis de décloisonner la conception architecturale et de déployer de nouveaux modèles collaboratifs en architecture. Tout d’abord, nous revenons sur les promesses initiales du numérique en pratique architecturale et les obstacles et raccourcis pris au cours de ces dernières décennies. Nous relatons ensuite l’émergence du nouveau modèle collaboratif multidisciplinaire développé au sein l’agence. En nous basant sur cette expérience de collaboration multidisciplinaire 4.0, nous relatons deux perspectives en cours de développement basées sur le numérique dont le processus collaboratif BIM : la durabilité systémique en conception architecturale d’une part et l’extension de la mission de maîtrise d’oeuvre au facility management d’autre part. A travers cet article, nous abordons l’impact du numérique sur la métamorphose de la pratique architecturale à travers la multidisciplinarité collaborative.
La projection intégrée au Sketchpad III : origine en devenir d’un terrain critique de l’infographie
Authors: Rippinger Julien
Published: November 2020

Le dessin d’architecture traditionnel repose sur la technique de projection : des lignes invisibles ou abstraites traversent un plan sur lequel leurs traces deviennent la représentation d’un objet. L’infographie associe les techniques d’informatisation et de communication avec la représentation graphique et devient une source de transformation de la technique de projection. L’analyse des programmes pionniers Sketchpad et Sketchpad III développés au MIT Lincoln Laboratory en 1963 expose cette transformation du rôle de la projection. La problématique spécifique de la représentation d’objets à trois dimensions permet de cerner des choix qui ont automatisé et dissocié les vues projectives. Les conséquences de cette transformation seront mises en évidence par un recours au travail théorique de Robin Evans et par un retour aux notions fondamentales de la géométrie descriptive.
Exploitation des numérisations pour l'analyse urbaine en contexte archéologique : réflexion méthodologique sur le site précolombien de Pachacamac
Authors: Van Dongen Alexandre , Lambot Sébastien , Eeckhout Peter , Lo Buglio David
Published: November 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’apporter une réflexion méthodologique sur l’exploitation des numérisations d’un site archéologique de grande échelle. Basées sur un grand volume de données issues de relevés photogrammétriques et GPR aériens, ces numérisations sont bien souvent utilisées pour l’enregistrement de l’état du bâti au moment de l’acquisition ou la prospection archéologique. Notre approche propose d’étendre l’exploitation de ces types de données massives afin d’enrichir la connaissance des logiques de conception urbaine d’une « cité » dont il ne reste que certaines parties monumentales encore visible aujourd’hui. En outre, les méthodes d’analyse urbaine s’appuient largement sur une compréhension occidentale de la ville qui est parfois très éloignée de celle que l’on rencontre en Amérique du sud avant l’arrivée des conquistadors. Au-delà des enjeux de connaissances spécifiques au terrain d’étude, l’ambition première de cet article est de comprendre comment l’apport et l’exploitation des technologies présentes et futures en matière de numérisation patrimoniale pourraient nous aider à accroître notre connaissance du passé. En somme se projeter dans le futur pour opérer un retour vers le passé.
Archéologie du futur. Une rétro-modélisation de l’architecture expérimentale de Pascal Häusermann, Claude Costy et Jean-Louis Chanéac
Authors: Ramondenc Mélina , Marin Philippe
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente une expérimentation pédagogique de rétromodélisation de projets d’architecture expérimentale des années soixante. L’exercice s’appuie sur le matériau d’une recherche doctorale en histoire de l’architecture en revisitant les projets de son corpus au prisme des outils et des cultures numériques. L’analyse de ce corpus, composé des travaux des architectes Jean-Louis Chanéac, Pascal Häusermann et Claude Costy, membres du Groupe International d’Architecture Prospective (GIAP), nous permet de ré-investiguer des formes architecturales qui anticipaient sur leurs moyens de production et de conception, et de procéder ainsi d’une forme d’ « archéologie du futur » (Jameson, 2005).
Mehr als trösten – psychische Betreuung in der Kinderanästhesie
Authors: Bittner Sebastian
Published: November 2020

„Kinder sind keine kleinen Erwachsenen!“ – mit diesen Worten startet traditionell jede Fortbildung zum Thema Anästhesie bei Kindern oder Säuglingen. Doch was genau verbirgt sich dahinter? In diesem Beitrag soll es explizit nicht um die anatomischen Besonderheiten oder die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen an das Equipment gehen. Hier richtet sich der Fokus auf die Besonderheiten in der Entwicklung von Kindern und die Bedeutung für die psychische Betreuung in den verschiedenen Altersstufen. Die Inhalte des Artikels sind nicht rein „pflegerisch“ oder „medizinisch“, sie sind viel mehr (entwicklungs-)psychologisch und somit relevant für alle in der Betreuung tätigen Berufsgruppen.
Interprofessional, student-led community health clinic: expanding service provision and clinical education capacity
Authors: Forbes Roma , Beckman Emma , Tower Marion , Mandrusiak Allison , Mitchell Leander K. , Sexton Christopher T. , Cunningham Brent , Lewis Peter A.
Published: November 2020

Student-led interprofessional health clinics offer valuable opportunities for student learning and meeting the health care needs of the community. This case study describes the operation of a new interprofessional student-led community health service over its initial 13-month period of operation. This case study also presents an overview of the service provision, student placement opportunities and focuses on the challenges associated with the service and the impact on future planning. What is known about the topic? Interprofessional student-led clinics offer an opportunity to meet clinical placement demands and interprofessional training needs while also providing a community service. What does this paper add? This case study adds to the limited literature around knowledge of service delivery and challenges in the operation of community-based student-led interprofessional health services; future planning to streamline processes is also addressed. What are the implications? There may be relevance to other university–industry partnerships that intend to explore student-led interprofessional service operations designed to address placement shortages, student training and community needs.