bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
41.2: Lifetime and Wattage Extension of High‐Pressure Hg Arc Lamps with Enhanced Reflector Modules
Authors: Strobl Karlheinz , Gasteiger Paul
Published: January 2005

The eele‐enhanced™ lamp reflector module geometry enables, besides higher collection efficiency for smaller collection étendue values, also increased cooling design freedoms. Experimental results prove that with the correct cooling design both lifetime and light output decay is significantly improved for both large and small collection étendue values when a standard Osram P‐VIP™ burner (120W, 1.3mm arc gap) is operated in either a normal‐, under‐ or over‐powered (80–150W) mode inside a 45mm tall, electroformed, eele‐enhanced™ lamp reflector module.
41.3: Simulations of Temperature and Stress Distributions of Lamps for Projection Systems
Authors: Lee W. T. , Lin H. S.
Published: January 2005

Lamp cooling is a critical problem for thermal design in a projection system. In the present study, numerical simulations of temperature and stress of a HID lamp are performed under real situation in a projector. The velocity fields of cooling air and temperature distribution of reflector and quartz tube were calculated first. After that, the temperature distribution was mapped to a finite element mesh with the same geometrical model. And then, the stress field was calculated.
42.1 A Novel Design of Sub‐frame and Current Driving Method for PM‐OLED
Authors: Xiong Shaozhen , Guo Bin , Wu Chunya , Chen Yousu , Hao Yun , Zhou Zhenhua , Yang Huidong
Published: January 2005

A sub‐frame current driving method and circuit scheme for the PM‐OLED is presented. We designed a novel driving circuit which can drive a 64×64 PM‐OLED panel. There are totally 64 current sources that consist of 16 groups and each group represents the gray scale of 1,2,4 and 8 respectively. The whole frame is divided into four equal sub‐frames for 16 gray scales. By applying a novel current multiplexing method, in each sub‐frame the current passed through every OLED‐pixel is one of currents proportioned as 1: 2: 4: 8. The 4‐bit gray level data determine if the currents passed through each pixel. Thus totally 16 gray scales is achieved.
42.2: 1.8‐inch Full‐Color OEL Display for IMT2000 Terminals
Authors: Na Young ‐Sun , Lim Byong‐Chan , Kwon Oh‐Kyong , Kim Chang‐Jin , Nam Young‐Hee , Kim Hak‐Su , Kim Sung‐Tae
Published: January 2005

We have developed the 1.8‐inch 128(×RGB)×160 full‐color passive matrix organic electro‐luminescent display (PMOELD) for IMT‐2000 terminals and its driver chipset. A PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) current‐controlled gray scale method with a new pre‐charging architecture, which considers the power limitation of the battery‐operated systems, has been proposed for the accurate gray scale with securing safe operation. The measured results show that the proposed gray scale method has the merits of linear gray scale realization and over 15% power saving effect in comparison with the conventional method.
42.3: Invited Paper: Color Passive‐Matrix Organic LED Display using Three Emitters
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshikazu , Tada Hiroshi , Tanaka Taizou , Kitazume Eiichi , Mori Kenji , Kawashima Shingo , Suzuki Joji
Published: January 2005

We developed 2.2‐inch diagonal (132 × RGB × 162 pixels) Color Passive‐matrix Organic light emitting diode (OLED) Display through the use of patterned lateral RGB emitters, and started the pilot production. That display is thin (2.5mm, The driver circuit is included.) and light (10g, The driver circuit is included.), and has a wide range of viewing angles. That is proven to be practical for commercial purposes.
43.1: Invited Paper: Inkjet Printed Polymer Thin Film Transistors for Active‐Matrix Display Applications
Authors: Burns S. , Kuhn C. , Stone N. , Wilson D. , Arias A. C. , Brown T. , Cain P. , Devine P. , Jacobs K. , Murton N. , MacKenzie J. D. , Mills J. , Sirringhaus H.
Published: January 2005

We have recently demonstrated fabrication of polymer thin film transistor (TFT) circuits by a combination of solution self‐assembly and direct inkjet printing. Control over the morphology of the polymer semiconductor and uniaxial alignment of polymer chains parallel to the direction of current flow in the device is obtained by making use of polymer self‐organisation. Accurate definition of the transistor channel and other circuit components is achieved by direct inkjet printing combined with surface energy patterning. Here we discuss the application of this novel manufacturing process for polymer TFTs to active matrix displays. We will focus on advantages and disadvantages of polymer TFT technology compared with conventional thin film silicon devices.
43.2: Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline‐Silicon TFT Color LCD Panel Made of Plastic Substrates
Authors: Asano Akihiko , Kinoshita Tomoatsu
Published: January 2005

An all‐plastic, full‐color LTPS TFT LCD has been fabricated with practical image quality. The diagonal size is 1.5 inch with a panel thickness of only 0.4mm. The TFT layer on a plastic substrate was prepared with a newly developed transfer process, which does not cause any significant damage to the device layer. This technology will lead to a lightweight, shock‐resistant LCD panel suitable to mobile applications.
43.3: A Rugged Conformable Backplane Fabricated with an a‐Si:H TFT Array on a Polyimide Substrate
Authors: Forbes C. E. , Gelbman A. , Turner C. , Gleskova H. , Wagner S.
Published: January 2005

Flexible active matrix TFT array backplanes were fabricated on 51 μm thick polyimide foil (Kapton®E) substrates. Expected applications include low cost flexible lightweight displays using electrophoretic, OLED, and PDLC displays. TFT performance of the Kapton backplane is nearly identically to the same structure fabricated on a glass substrate. Measurement of the transfer and output characteristics while the sample was bent at an inward radius of curvature of 2.5 cm indicate no loss in TFT performance.
43.4: A 4‐inch Reflective Color TFT‐LCD Using a Plastic Substrate
Authors: Okada Yoshihiro , Ban Atsushi , Okamoto Masaya , Oka Wataru , Matsuda Yutaka , Shibahara Sumio
Published: January 2005

We have developed a reflective type color TFT‐LCD using a novel plastic substrate. The display area is 4‐inch diagonal with 240×RGB×240 pixels (85ppi). This is the first report of a flat panel display driven by TFT array on a plastic substrate with PDA size and resolution. It shows that our development has stepped near to a mass production of the plastic TFT‐LCDs.
44.1: The Fast Intelligent Tracking (F!T) Tube: A CRT without a Shadow Mask
Authors: Bergman A. H. , van den Brink H. B. , Budzelaar F. P. M. , Engelaar P. J. , Holtslag A. H. M. , IJzerman W. L. , Krijn M. P. C. M. , van Lieshout P. J. G. , Notari A. , Willemsen O. H. , Bechtel H. , Busselt W.
Published: January 2005

The F!T tube is a new type of CRT without a shadow mask. The primary function of the mask, color selection, is taken over by an electronic control system that guides the electron beams over the correct phosphor lines. The position of the beams is detected by means of dedicated structures on the faceplate. Proof of the principle has been shown in single‐ and triple‐beam 17″ and 32″ tubes.
45.2: Moiré‐Free Collimating Light Guide with Low‐Discrepancy Dot Patterns
Authors: Idé T. , Numata H. , Mizuta H. , Taira Y. , Suzuki M. , Noguchi M. , Katsu Y.
Published: January 2005

Using the notion of discrepancy, we developed a new technique for generating uniformly distributed dot patterns. We designed and prototyped a light guide having prismatic grooves and micro scatterers on the surface. We experimentally confirmed that the new pattern of the micro scatterers effectively prevents moiré patterns, and improves the luminance homogeneity.
45.3: Micro‐structured Polymeric Linearly Polarized Light Emitting Lightguide for LCD Illumination
Authors: Jagt Henri J. B. , Cornelissen Hugo J. , Broer Dirk J. , Bastiaansen Cees W. M.
Published: January 2005

A new linearly polarized light emitting lightguide system is presented, consisting of a micro‐structured anisotropic polymer film which is coated with an isotropic layer and adhered to a transparent polymeric substrate. With conventional edge‐lighting of the lightguide very high polarized contrasts are realized, exceeding 100. A gain in efficiency can be achieved by recycling of the trapped light with the orthogonal polarization.
47.1: Invited Paper: Combinatorial Studies on OLED Structures
Authors: Beierlein T. A. , Riel H. , Ruhstaller B. , Crone B. K. , Hofmann H. , Karg S. , Riess W.
Published: January 2005

The capabilities of combinatorial methods are presented in order to get a detailed understanding of the electrical and optical properties of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs), to optimize their performance and to provide reliable data for device modeling. We show results on multilayer OLEDs ranging from the conventional copper‐phthalocyanine (CuPc)/ N, N′‐di‐(naphtalene‐1‐yl) ‐N, N′‐diphenyl‐benzidine (NPB) and tris‐(8‐hydroxy‐quino‐linato) aluminum (Alq) tri‐layer device to double‐doped, deep‐red emitting OLEDs.
47.4: Optical Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Devices using Computer Simulation
Authors: Oh Jun Sik , Lee Han Joo , Lee Han Yong , Ju Sang Hyun , Chung Ho Kyoon , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Lee Kwan Hee
Published: January 2005

A simulator was developed to calculate the optical effects for OLED(Organic Light Emitting Devices). The optical effects for the bottom emitting structure and the top emitting structure were calculated with the various thickness of organic layer. The characteristic behavior of each organic layer was analyzed for these two structures. The optimal layer structures for these device structures were obtained.
50.1: Low‐power LCD using a Novel Optical System
Authors: Taira Y. , Nakano D. , Numata H. , Nishikai A. , Ono S. , Yamada F. , Suzuki M. , Noguchi M. , Singh R. , Colgan E. G.
Published: January 2005

We have prototyped a novel color LCD requiring no color filters and with a threefold improvement in backlight efficiency. The system uses an LC cell with microlenses and a thin collimated backlight outputting three different RGB beams.
50.3: Image Qualitu Considerations in Bi‐Sinusoidally Scanned Retinal Scanning Display Systems
Authors: Brown Margeret , Freeman Mark , Zobkiw Chris , Lewis John
Published: January 2005

System design considerations for a bi‐sinusoidally scanned retinal scanning display (RSD) system are investigated. Results show that fundamental limitations on the temporal and spatial sampling frequency are imposed by limitations on the maximum achievable horizontal scan frequency. Spatial and temporal image artifacts are studied using simulations and an experiment prototype.
51.2: Skew‐Ray Compensated Retarder‐Stack Filters for LCOS Projection
Authors: Sharp Gary D. , Chen Jianmin , Robinson Michael G. , Birge Jonathan R.
Published: January 2005

Compact liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) based projection engines have been demonstrated that use retarder stack filters with polarizing beamsplitters as the basis of a color management system. A new class of retarder stack filter compensates for the geometrical rotation characteristic of polarizing beamsplitters, further improving attainable system performance.
51.5: Single Panel Color Sequential Projectors with Polarization Recovery
Authors: Bierhuizen Serge
Published: January 2005

Color sequential single panel LCD projectors potentially fulfill the need for low cost projection systems. This paper describes and compares potential alternative and integrated solutions for cost drivers like polarization and color recovery.
52.3: Display Properties of High‐efficiency Electrophosphorescent Diodes
Authors: Kwong Raymond C. , Nuggent Matthew R. , Michalski Lech , Ngo Tan , Rajan Kamala , Tung Yehjiun , Weaver Michael S. , Zhou Theodore X. , Hack Michael , Brown Jukie J.
Published: January 2005

The efficiency‐vs‐current characteristics of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs™) have been studied and compared to fluorescent small molecule organic light emitting diodes (SMOLED) and fluorescent polymer light emitting diodes (PLED). Results show that high efficiency PHOLEDs have significantly higher luminous efficiency than SMOLEDs and PLEDs at both the low and high drive current regimes required for active and passive matrix display applications. The efficiency roll‐off of both phosphorescent and fluorescent devices is comparable. Long triplet exciton lifetime and the possible triplet‐triplet annihilation do not explain this similarity. Other causes such as polaron‐exciton annihilation and electric field induced photoluminescence quenching are provided.
53.2: Power Consumption of micro‐encapsulated Display for Smart Handheld Applications
Authors: Pitt Michael G. , Zehner Robert W. , Amudson Karl R. , Gates Holly
Published: January 2005

A detailed investigation of power consumption of microencapsulated electrophoretic (“electronic ink”) displays for smart handheld applications has been made. It is shown that the most of the power loss arises from driving the source lines. Since power is consumed only when pixels change state, typical power consumption with the display being constantly updated is only around 5‐20% of the maximum value. Furthermore, under typical use, the display update duty cycle will be less than 1%, with a corresponding hundred‐fold reduction in power consumption For example, an SVGA e‐book is expected to consume as little as 1.5 mW. Thus, while the maximum power consumption for an electronic ink matrix display is comparable to that for reflective AMLCD's, the actual operating power will in most cases be lower by at least one to two orders of magnitude.
53.4: A Novel Vertically Aligned Reflective‐Color TFT‐LCD with High Contrast Ratio
Authors: Sugiura N. , Tashiro K. , Ohmuro K. , Koike Y. , Okamoto K.
Published: January 2005

A reflective‐color TFT‐LCD with high contrast ratio (80:1) and high reflective (36%) has been developed using a vertical alignmet (VA) mode. Use of both the VA mode and a newly developed photo‐maskless for fabricating a diffusing reflector has achieved a high‐performance, simple and low‐cost reflective display.
54.2: Technology for the Hopping Electron Cathode
Authors: Derks P. J. A. , Benoy D. A. , Gersmann R. , Jungblut R. M. , te Velde M. K. , van der Wilk R. , Wierenga H. A. , Kettelarij H. J. , Hoving W. , Niessen E. M. J. , van der Vaart N. C.
Published: January 2005

The design and technologies used in the industrial development of a Hopping Electron Cathode (HEC) for CRT application are described. This contribution focuses on the developmnet of: (1) a “Low‐drive” current modulator, (2) a HEC funnel with well‐defined small exit opening, that is vital for spot performance, and (3) the design of a complete and life results of CRTs with HEC are shown. First performance and life results of CRTs with HEC are shown.
54.3: Reliability Estimation and Life Degradation Mechanisms of an Oxide Cathode
Authors: Weon B. M. , Lee J. S. , Park G. S. , Lee G. S. , Kim W. H. , Joo M. H. , Kim H. H. , Kwon H. J. , Kim T. H. , Lee J. S.
Published: January 2005

Reliability estimation and life degradation mechanisms of an oxide cathode are studied with respect to emission current change. It is significantly affected by cutoff voltage change, barium evaporation, and surface damage. Based on this investigation, we discuss the way to develop an advanced oxide cathode for high brightness application.
11.3: Sensitivity of Display Reflection Measurements to Apparatus Geometry
Authors: Kelley Edward F.
Published: January 2005

Reflection measurements made upon electronic displays can suffer from non‐reproducibility owing to their possible strong dependence upon apparatus geometry. The geometrical dependence arises from non‐Lambertian diffusion properties. We show the inadequacies of several conventional reflection measurement methods and offer some guidance on how these methods might be improved or replaced.
55.2: Auto‐stereoscopic 3D Display Apparatus using Projectors and LC Image‐splitter
Authors: Nam Hui , Oh Yoonsik , Lee Jangdo , Jang Hyoungwook , Song Myoungseop , Kim Bumsik
Published: January 2005

We have developed a prototype of auto‐stereoscopic 3‐dimensional display system with 2 projectors and new LC Image splitter. We use two LCD projectors, one for the right and the other for the left stereoscopic image. The polarizations of light from each projector are perpendicular to each other. We specially designed a projection screen comprised of Fresnel lenses, LC image splitter and lenticular lens to separate right and left images for certain ranges of viewing angle.
55.3: Desktop Autostereoscopic Display Using Compact LED Projectors and CDR Screen
Authors: Kaneko Hiroki , Ohshima Tetsuya , Ebina Osamu , Arimoto Akira
Published: January 2005

We have developed a 20” desktop autostereoscopic projection display using a Curved‐Directional‐Reflection (CDR) screen. A liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) and light emitting diode (LED) light sources have allowed the realization of compact 65 mm width projectors that are able to be put side by side at the interocular distance. The efficient optical system of an LED array as area‐light‐sources combined with an ultra high gain (<100) CDR screen have allowed for a desktop autostereoscopic display whose luminance is more than 100 cd/m2 with only 9 W power consumption.
12.1: 45°C Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT Fabrication Process Applicable to the Display Manufacturing Using 730×920mm2 Glass Substrates
Authors: Ohkura Makoto , Shimomura Shigeo , Miyazawa Toshio , Itoga Toshihiko , Shiba Takeo
Published: January 2005

450°C low temperature poly‐Si TFT fabrication process is developed. The process without substrate compaction enables us to use non‐preannealed glass substrate. Major process improvements are on laser crystallization and dopant activation. The process is successfully applied to the manufacturing of the 2–3.5 inch LCD panels using 730×920mm2 glass substrates.
12.3: High Throughput CW‐Laser Lateral Crystallization for Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs and Fabrication of 16 bit SRAMs and 270MHz Shift Registers
Authors: Sasaki N. , Hara A. , Takeuchi F. , Mishima Y. , Kakehi T. , Yoshino K. , Takei M.
Published: January 2005

Throughput improvement and fabrications of 4×4 bit SRAMs and 270 MHz shift registers are described for the CW‐Laser Lateral Crystallization (CLC) of amorphous‐Si on glass substrate. For the pixel array, effective area‐crystallization rate is improved to 48cm2/s for 171ppi and 68cm2/s for 119ppi by 16 sub‐laser‐beams and 2m/s scanning speed.
12.4: Late‐News Paper: Selectively Enlarging Laser Crystallization Technology for High and Uniform Performance Poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Hatano Mutsuko , Shiba Takeo , Ohkura Makoto
Published: January 2005

A novel method for laser‐recrystallized poly‐Si layer formation is proposed. The pulse‐duration‐controlled solid‐state laser is utilized to enhance the lateral crystal growth, and an excimer‐ laser‐crystallized poly‐Si layer is used as a precursor. The validity of the method is confirmed by superior TFT characteristics of high field‐effect mobility (n‐ch TIT:μ > 460 cm2/Vs, p‐ch TFT: μ > 150 cm2/Vs) with low threshold voltage deviation (Vth: 3 σ < 0.25 V).
13.2: Invited Paper: Recent Progress and Future Trend of Ultra‐High‐Resolution Large‐Sized TFT‐LCD Monitor Electronics
Authors: Ohara M. , Kohda T. , Furuichi S. , Nakada T. , Kawase K. , Kohda Y. , Ishikawa T. , Sumiyoshi K. , Funakoshi A.
Published: January 2005

Ultra‐high resolution monitors differ from conventional monitors significantly in the display interface to be supported because conventional display interfaces and graphics subsystems cannot provide enough performance to fully exploit ultra‐high resolution monitors. The T221 22.2″ 9.2M‐pixel 204‐DPI TFT‐LCD monitor can support various display interfaces to support various graphics subsystems/applications, from a PC cluster to a single PC with a commodity graphics card. This paper compares the architecture of the T221 monitor with its predecessor and discusses possible future trends based on our development experiences.
13.4: Subpixel Image Scaling for Color Matrix Displays
Authors: Klompenhouwer Michiel A. , de Haan Gerard , Beuker Rob A.
Published: January 2005

The apparent resolution of matrix displays is increased when the relative position of the color subpixels is taken into account. This paper shows that a general method to achieve this for any subpixel arrangement, can be incorporated in an image scaler at low additional cost, allowing simple quality trade‐off control.
P‐2: A Novel Self‐Aligned SiGe Elevated S/D polycrystalline‐Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Peng Du‐Zen , Shih Po‐Sheng , Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Chang Chun‐Yen , Chang Ting‐Chang , Lin Chiung‐Wei
Published: January 2005

A novel self‐aligned SiGe elevated source and drain (S/D) poly‐Si thin film transistor (poly‐Si TFT) was fabricated. The elevated source and drain regions were selectively grown by ultra‐high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) at 550°C. The resultant transistor has a thin channel region and a self‐aligned thick S/D region, which leads to better performance. With this structure, the turn‐on current in the I‐V characteristics increases dramatically and the drain breakdown voltage is increased as well, compared with conventional thin‐channel poly‐Si TFTs.
P‐15: Presence as an Experiential Metric for 3‐D Display Evaluation
Authors: IJsselsteijn W. A. , Bouwhuis D. G. , Freeman J. , de Ridder H.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we argue that the experience of presence, i.e. the sense of “being there” in a mediated environment, provides us with a useful criterion to assess the global experiential impact of immersive and perceptually realistic display and communication media in general, and 3‐D displays in particular. Measuring presence in a reliable, valid and robust manner is a considerable challenge to media research and methodology development. We present an experiment in which we attempt to measure presence both through subjective ratings, and through measuring postural responses, i.e. automatic postural adjustments in response to moving video which are hypothesized to corroborate subjective presence ratings.
P‐18: Vibration Suppression for Dummy‐Bridged Tension Shadow Masks By Tension Pattern And Tension Ratio
Authors: Oh H. S. , Huh S. Y. , Lee S. H. , Kwon T. I. , Choe D. H.
Published: January 2005

We introduce two important design factors for vibration suppression of a tension type CDT: tension pattern and ratio. We investigate the effects of these factors on vibration suppression of the dummy‐bridged tension shadow masks with a hook‐spring system. The vibration, measured by a test‐equipment, disappears within 3 seconds in the tension‐optimized shadow mask. This approach does not require any mechanical elements such as the wire‐dampers in the effective area of shadow masks.
P‐19: Multi‐Level Voltage‐Fed Power Efficient Sustain Circuit for AC Plasma Display Panel Drive
Authors: Roh Chung‐Wook , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Kim Hye‐Jeong , Hong Chang‐Wan , Youn Myung‐Joong
Published: January 2005

A new sustain circuit based on the three‐level converter topologies for an AC plasma display panel (AC‐PDP) drive, is proposed. The proposed circuit features half the device voltage stresses and the significantly reduced power losses, compared to those of the conventional ones. This circuit, realizable without much increased cost of the semiconductor devices, gives a significant improvement in the power efficiency, essential for the design of a drive circuit for the AC‐PDP. A comparative analysis and experimental results are presented to show the validity of the proposed sustain circuit.
P‐20: Electronic Image Correction for Projection Displays
Authors: Winzker Marco , Rabeler Uwe
Published: January 2005

Optical distortions, resulting from lens characteristics, non‐aligned projection and variations in the light source, decrease the quality of projection displays. Knowledge of the sources and characteristics of these distortions allows their electronic correction. The integration of electronic image correction in the display controller IC allows high quality projection without additional components.
P‐21: “Beyond 8 bits” LCD Imaging System
Authors: Yoshida Yasuhiro , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Hirashima Hiroyuki , Tanaka Shigeki , Yamamoto Yoichi , Aokura Shinichi , Yamaguchi Akira
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe an LCD monitor with an extra‐high quality picture in terms of “beyond 8 bits”, and its source driver IC.

The LCD monitor is a 20.1 inch UXGA LCD for PC, which contains “beyond 8 bits” technology, displaying 10bits per channel in tone scale resolution. A special graphic card, which is developed for this LCD, works on Windows, which makes it possible to display 16bits TIFF images in 10bits accuracy.

The source driver of the LCD is equipped with two input modes; (1)10bits mode and (2)8bits mode. While extremely precise images can be displayed in the 10bits modes, a feature in making γ adjustment in 10bits accuracy can be achieved in the 8bits mode. The driver offer an extra‐high quality picture in LCD in terms of both bit depth γ adjustment in high accuracy.
P‐22: A Low Power High Speed Class‐AB Buffer Amplifier for Flat Panel Display Signal Driver Application
Authors: Lu Chih‐Wen
Published: January 2005

A low power, high speed, but with a large input dynamic range and output swing class‐AB output buffer circuit which is suitable for the flat‐panel display signal driver application is proposed. The buffer draws little current during static but has an improved driving capability during transients. It is demonstrated in the TSMC 0.6μm CMOS technology.
P‐24: LCD Module Adopting a Color Conversion Circuit
Authors: Sugiura Hiroaki , Kagawa Shuichi , Kaneko Hideyuki , Gofuku Eishi
Published: January 2005

The authors have developed a LCD module that adopts a color conversion circuit which can contribute to the improvement of imperfect color reproduction in the LCD panel. The new module adopts a color conversion circuit that uses a new matrix calculation which we have developed. This color conversion circuit allows support of motion picture display and real time processing. In addition, it enables realization of desired color conversion characteristics and it also facilitates realization of use of two or more types of color conversion characteristics by selection.
P‐25: A LCOS Microdisplay Driver with Frame Buffering Pixels
Authors: Lee Sangrok , Morizio James C. , Johnson Kristina M.
Published: January 2005

An 8‐bit LCOS microdisplay driver for projection display has been designed and fabricated using AMI 0.5 um double‐poly, triple‐level metal CMOS process. The driver includes new frame buffer pixels which presents optimized optical characteristics for Field Sequential Color technique, and a mixed mode grayscale method which implements distinct 256 gray levels per color with a simple driver architecture. The voltage at the frame buffer pixels varies from 0 to 4.25 volts. The new frame buffer pixels enables a LCOS microdisplay to improve brightness without the loss of contrast ratio.
P‐104: A New Voltage Modulated AMOLED Pixel Design Compensating Threshold Voltage Variation of Poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Jung Sang‐Hoon , Nam Woo‐Jin , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

A new pixel design for active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display using low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor (LTPS‐TFT) is proposed. The proposed pixel, which consists of 4‐TFTs and 1‐capacitor, eliminates the TFT threshold voltage variation problem of conventional pixel without any additional control signal line.
P‐107: Reducing Greyvalue Non‐uniformities in Microdisplays
Authors: De Moerloose Wim , Van Doorselaer Geert , Van Calster André
Published: January 2005

The greyvalue non‐uniformity in microdisplays can be reduced by changing the value of each individual pixel. Therefore a new method is developed to measure and to minimize the global and local non‐uniformity of the display and this method is tested on a working microdisplay.
P‐108: FLC Resolution‐Enhancing Device for Projection Displays
Authors: Tokita T. , Sugimoto H. , Matsuki Y. , Katoh I. , Kameyama K. , Takiguchi Y.
Published: January 2005

A FLC (ferroelectric liquid crystal) device based on a pixel‐ shift resolution‐enhancement technique for projection displays has been developed using a vertically aligned FLC and a novel electrode structure. The good lateral‐displacement characteristics and fast switching speed of the device enable excellent projection images.
15.2: Invited Paper: LCos Testing Challenges: Defect Measurements in Display and Test Systems
Authors: Smith Peter A. , Yang Q. Jason
Published: January 2005

The key electro‐optic liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device effects that determine defect contrast in test systems and display systems are highlighted. Special attention is given to optical axis effects and gray shade effects in both test and display systems.
15.3: A Simple Simultaneous Measurement of Birefringence Dispersion and Cell Gap in LCoS
Authors: Flynn Mark F. , Bone Matthew , Xu Gang
Published: January 2005

A method to directly measure the retardance of an LCOS panel is described. The technique is simple and experimental results indicate an accuracy of better than 1%. Additionally the optical dispersion of the birefringence and absolute cell gap can be determined from analysis of the spectral reflectance.
4.3: A Novel Synthesis of Y2O3: Eu Phosphor Using Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia for High Definition CRT and FED Applications
Authors: Silver J. , Galliano R. I. , Fern G. R. , Ireland T. G. , Vecht A. , Withnall R.
Published: January 2005

Phosphor particles of regular shape and size have been synthesised by a new method. Depending on conditions the shape of the particles can be controlled and varied. The particles orient when deposited on screens and display greater luminance at low voltages than commercial and spherical phosphor samples.
P‐30: Characteristics of Pin Contact Problems of TFT‐LCDs with Indium Zinc Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Cho Jinhui , Rim Seung Moo , Lee Ho‐Nyeon , Lee Won‐Geon , Park Hae‐Sung
Published: January 2005

The unstable contact between probe‐pins and indium zinc oxide (IZO) films is a hindrance to the adoption of IZO in mass production. This is primarily caused by the contamination of the IZO surface by OH‐. It is a suitable solution for this problem to apply high voltage pulses on signal pad before an array test
P‐31: Use of UV Curable Coatings in Display Manufacturing
Authors: Tronche Christopher , Southwell John , Sullivan Michael , Ubert Jeff , Chawla Chander P.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we discuss the use of UV curable coatings for the manufacturing of display devices. In the first part, we describe the influence of composition and elevated temperature on the water permeability and adhesive behavior of UV curable adhesives and sealants. The second part of this paper describe the influence of the inorganic content on the chemical, abrasion and thermal resistance of organic‐inorganic UV curable hard‐coats.
P‐32: Vacuum In‐Line Sealing Technology with Auxiliary Heating Line for PDP Packaging
Authors: Kwon Sang Jik , Yang Hwi Chan , Lee Myung Sik , Jung Dong Cheol , Whang Ki‐Woong , Lee Kyu‐Sung , Hong Seong‐Hyeon , Kwon Yong Bum
Published: January 2005

Sealing of two glass plates composing of PDP panel was done in a vacuum chamber by using an auxiliary heating line(AHL). In order to improve the uniformity of sealing temperature and reduce the panel temperature during sealing, the AHL was introduced by a screen printing method inside a frit glass and used as a part of heating source for the frit melting. Outgassing and bubbling can be also severe problems during the heating process of the frit glass inside a vacuum chamber. Our specially prepared frit glass was successfully applied for the vacuum in‐line sealing approach without bubbles.

By using the AHL technology and the specially prepared frit glass, we have successfully sealed a PDP test panel without bubbles and any leak through the frit glass.
P‐35: Simulation Study of Light Emission of a Backlight System with a Broad Band Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polarizer
Authors: Kubota H. , Yang D.‐K. , Uemura T. , Takubo Y. , Kelly J. R.
Published: January 2005

We analyzed the light emission from a backlight system with a cholesteric broad band polarizer by using Berrman 4×4 method. We found that light intensity in directions with polar angle smaller than 30°o was increased and higher than the back light system with only a linear polarizer. We also designed a light recycling backlight system and calculated the light efficiency.
5.4: A Defect Free Bistable C1 SSFLC Display
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Bos Philip J. , Wand Michael , Handschy Mark
Published: January 2005

A defect free, large memory angle, high contrast ratio and bistable C1 SSFLC display, which has potential for E‐paper and Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) applications has been developed using 5° oblique SiO deposition alignment. The electro‐optical properties and bistability of this display have been investigated. Various aspects of defect control are also discussed.
P‐41 Fresnel Diffraction Phenomena in Frontlights for Reflective LCDs
Authors: Cornelissen Hugo J. , de Pooter Jacco A. , Braat Joseph J. M. , Wittermans Harro J.
Published: January 2005

In frontlights for reflective LCDs made from micro‐optically structured lightguides, unwanted shadows appear in certain viewing directions. It is shown that these shadows are wider than predicted from geometrical ray optics, and that they can not be eliminated by decreasing the micro‐optical structure size. These experimental observations can be explained accurately by taking Fresnel diffraction into account.
P‐42: High Luminance FED Lamp with Carbon Nanotip Emitter
Authors: Lim Sung Hoon , Kim Hong Sik , Jang Jin , Lee Choong Hun , Park Lee Soon , Shin Dong Hyuk
Published: January 2005

The high density carbon nanotips were grown on the Si by high‐density plasma chemical vapor deposition with inductively coupled plasma. The tips have 5∼10 nm radius with ∼100nm length. The high‐brightness FED lamps of > 32,000 cd/m2 made of carbon nanotip emitter were demonstrated in this work.
P‐47: Fabrication and Characterization of Gated FEAs Using Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Jang Yoon‐Taek , Choi Chang‐Hoon , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Yun‐Hi , Oh Myung‐Hwan , Min Nam‐Ki , Ahn Jin‐Ho
Published: January 2005

The gated field emitter using carbon nanotubes directly grown into submicron holes is advantageous for small area electron source, such as microwave generator, micro‐display. In order to realize better functions of the spindt‐type gated FEAs using CNTs directly grown into the submicron‐holes, we investigate freestanding CNTs grown on each micron‐sized Co dot without disturbing neighboring patterns and with not exceeding 2.5μm long by Thermal CVD.
P‐48: High Performance Dielectric Layer for Thin Film Oxide Phosphor Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Kitai A. H. , Deng X. , Stevanovic D. V. , Jiang Z. , Li S. , Peng N. , Collier B. F. , Cook K. A.
Published: January 2005

A high performance dielectric layer having a capacitance 100 nF/cm2 has been developed for thin film electroluminescent (EL) devices. Based on SrTiO3, this layer is ∼2m thick with 200, and can support 250 volts. When incorporated into an EL device, self‐healing behaviour is observed, and steep B‐V behaviour is obtained. Completed green and red emitting oxide phosphor EL devices on Corning 1737 glass substrates are described.
P‐49: New (CdxZn1−x)Ga2O4: Mn Green Emitting Phosphors for EL Displays
Authors: Flynn M. , Kitai A. H.
Published: January 2005

By introducing Cd, a new family of oxide thin film electroluminescent phosphors is presented. EL devices using (CdxZn1−x)Ga2O4: Mn phosphors exhibit excellent green emission with peak wavelength of 504 nm, colour coordinates x = 0.8 and y = 0.69, and a peak brightness of 55 cd/m2 and an efficiency of 0.55 lm/W at 40 V above threshold and driven at 60 Hz. When driven at 600 Hz, the maximum luminance at 40 V above threshold was 350 cd/m2 with an efficiency of 0.48 lm/W. The introduction of Cd is shown to offer improved performance at lower processing temperatures than in the case of ZnGa2O4: Mn.
5.5L: Late‐News Paper: Electrodeposition Device for Paper‐Like Displays
Authors: Shinozaki K.
Published: January 2005

A new electrodeposition device is used to provide high image‐ quality paper‐like display. The display has reflectivity higher than 70%, a contrast ratio greater than 20, a driving voltage less than 5 volts, and is viewing angle independent. A high resolution passive matrix drive has also been achieved.
P‐54: Three‐Dimensional Investigation of a Novel Plasma Display Panel with Metal Barrier Plate
Authors: Tu Yan , Zhang Xiong , Yang Lanlan , Wang Baoping , Yin Hanchun , Tong Linsu
Published: January 2005

The discharge characteristic of a novel color plasma display panel with metal barrier plate (SM‐PDP) has been studied by 3D simulation. Compared with the conventional coplanar PDP (ACC PDP), the novel structure has advantages of lower cost, lower ignition voltage, higher response frequency and higher brightness substantially. The luminous effiacy of the SM‐PDP experimental panel with novel structure is about 0.8–0.9lm/W without energy recovery circuit.
P‐57: Effects of Oxygen Flow Rates on the Characteristics of the Electron Beam Evaporated MgO Thin Films
Authors: Jung E. Y. , Choi G. P. , Moon G. J. , Bu K. H. , Kim M. S. , Moon S. J. , Lee J. D. , Han J. K. , Kim W. J. , Choi J. S. , Chu J. K. , Lee S. K. , Lee Y. J. , Son C. H. , Jang H. S. , Kwon Y. H. , Kim J. D. , Lee D. K. , Lee S. G. , Sohn S. H.
Published: January 2005

The effects of oxygen flow rates on the characteristics of electron beam evaporated MgO thin films are investigated. The experimental results reveal that the crystallinity, surface roughness, stoichiometry, density, and secondary electron emission coefficient of MgO thin films change with the oxygen flow rates during film deposition. In addition, discharge voltages of PDP device strongly depend on the stoichiometry and density of MgO film.
P‐60: The Characteristics of Response Time Versus Gas Pressure and Composition in AC‐PDPs
Authors: Yi Jeong Doo , Han J. K. , Bu K. H. , Moon S. J. , Kim M. S. , Kim W. J. , Park J. T. , Jang H. S. , Lee S. K. , Kwon Y. H. , Kim J. D.
Published: January 2005

A numerical analysis of the micro discharge in a PDP cell has been made using a time‐dependent 2D fluid model. We have investigated the response time, the peak time of the discharge current, after applying voltage. With increasing the gas pressure, the response times decreased under sustain voltage condition and increased under the fixed voltage condition. The response times were found to reduce as Xe or He concentration was increased. Moreover, the experimental data were found to agree well with the simulation results. These results offer the possibility of reducing addressing or sustaining times.
P‐61: Discharge Characteristics of Ne+N2 Gas‐Mixture in an AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Choi Kyung Cheol , Baek Byung‐Jong , Cho Yung Joon , Kim Hee‐Joong , Tae Heung‐Sik , Park Hee Dong
Published: January 2005

We investigated discharge characteristics of Ne+N2 gas‐mixture for the possibility of being used in an AC Plasma Display Panel. The firing and the minimum sustain voltage increase with increase of N2 concentration. The luminous efficiency of Ne+N2 gas‐mixture with 300∼360 nm wavelength ultra violet excited phosphor[(Ba, Sr)2SiO4: Eu] relatively increases with increase of N2 concentration.
P‐62: High‐Frequency Driving of Address Electrodes for AC Plasma Display to Enhance the Luminace and Luminous Efficiency
Authors: Li Yi‐Mei , Chen Chern‐Lin , Hsu Horng‐Bin
Published: January 2005

A novel driving scheme applying high‐frequency oscillating waveform to the data electrodes of the conventional PDP is proposed in this paper. More VUV is generated by the high‐frequency waveform so that the luminance and luminous efficiency could be improved. Under experiments on an 8.5‐inch panel, the luminance is improved and the luminous efficiency is enhanced more than 40%.
P‐63: Self‐Erasing Discharge Using Short Address Pulse During Sustain Period in AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Cho Byung‐Gwon , Tae Heung‐Sik , Chien Sung‐Il , Lee Seok‐Hyun , Kim Joon‐Yub
Published: January 2005

In this paper, a new driving scheme is proposed to improve the luminous efficiency using a self‐erasing discharge during a sustain‐period in an AC PDP. The self‐erasing discharge is produced between successive sustain pulses by simultaneously applying the short address pulses at the falling edge of the sustain pulses, thereby resulting in improving the luminous efficiency without reducing the luminance. It is found that this new driving scheme can improve the luminous efficiency by 37.5 % and the luminance by 3.5 %, when compared with the conventional driving scheme of an AC PDP.
P‐65: White Color Balancing using New Luminance Compensation Driving Method in AC PDP
Authors: Jang Sang‐Hun , Cho Ki‐Duck , Tae Heung‐Sik , Chien Sung‐Il , Jeong Dong‐Cheol , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: January 2005

The new driving method is proposed based on the luminance compensation against subfield variation for balancing the white color in an AC PDP. The luminance ratio among the red, green, and blue light can be controlled independently by applying the different auxiliary address pulses to the red, green, and blue cells during a sustain‐period. As a result, the minimum perceptible white color difference (Δuv < 0.002) with respect to the reference white color at SF5 is obtained irrespective of the variation in the subfield from SF1 to SF8.
LP‐2: Late‐News Poster: High Performance Plasma Enhancement Filters
Authors: Duffy B.
Published: January 2005

A new plasma enhancement filter architecture has been introduced to the market with benefits such as increased display brightness (high overall filter transmittance), improved environmental durability, improved surface quality, color balancing and index matching. This greatly simplified design is achieved via a patent pending thin film barrier overcoat process that replaces the traditional costly lamination techniques and avoids the quality issues associated with lamination.
P‐66: Influence of Azimuthal Anchoring on Bistable Behaviors of Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells
Authors: Tsuchida S. , Chiba T. , Udagawa M. , Takahashi T. , Saito S.
Published: January 2005

A theoretical expressions are devived for a range of the d/P0 ratio in which two distinct states exist in the equilibrium condition and the lower limit of azimuthal anchoring energy exhibiting two distinct states. Theoretical calculations have been made on the bi‐stable energy curve which has two minimal energy levels corresponding to bi‐stable states. It has been shown that the energy barrier between the two states mainly originates from the azimuthal anchoring energy and the height of the energy barrier is affected by the d/P0 ratio and cell thickness.
P‐67: Compensated Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Guo J. X. , Sun X. W.
Published: January 2005

The transmittive bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display with non‐cross polarizers are compensated by half‐wave and/or integer‐wave retardation plates. The compensation is optimized through maximizing the contrast ratio. The optimized bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays with retardation compensation show great improvement in both contrast ratios (120:1) and bright state transmittance (33%).
P‐72: The Relation Between the Delay Time and the Gray Scale in Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Park Won Sang , Jhun Chul Gyu , Kang Jin‐Woo , Choi Duk Woon , Han Kwan Young , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Kim Jae Chang
Published: January 2005

Experimentally, the propagating fingers are observed distinctly under triangular AC pulse, but not under waveforms for gray scale such as SWBR (selection voltage‐well bias reset) and SBR‐AC (selection bias reset signal AC). Therefore, many researchers don't accept yet that the gray scale in AFLCs is obtained as a mixture of switched and unswitched areas. So, we have investigated the switching of AFLC under waveforms for gray scale by means of CCD camera pictures and electro‐optic measurements. From our experiments, we have proved that the propagating fingers appear as the form of a delayed reponse time under waveforms for gray scale and the delay time makes possible to perform the gray scale under passive matrix driving in the high resolution condition which the selection pulse width is shorter than it's response time.
P‐78: Geometrical Optics Approach for LCDs with Three Dimensional Director Variations
Authors: Panasyuk G. , Kelly J. , Allender D. W. , Gartland E. C.
Published: January 2005

The geometrical optics approach (GOA) is applied to the propagation of light through liquid crystal films whose director varies in three spatial dimensions. As an example of application, the GOA is applied to the calculation of light transmittance for the case of a LCD cell which exhibits the homeotropic to multidomainlike (HMD) transition. Comparison with Jones calculus is also provided. For smaller geometries, where the Jones calculus breaks down, the GOA provides a fast, accurate method for calculating the optical performance of LCDs.
P‐79: Model of Freedericksz Transition and Hysteresis Effect in Polymer Stabilized Nematic Liquid Crystal Configurations for Display Applications
Authors: Kossyrev Pavel A. , Qi Jun , Priezjev Nikolai V. , Pelcovits Robert A. , Crawford Gregory P.
Published: January 2005

The critical field of the Freedericksz transition and optical hysteresis is investigated for Polymer Stabilized Nematic Liquid Crystals as a function of polymer concentration. The results are described by a simple phenomenological model, which accounts for the change in polymer network morphology as the concentration of polymer is increased.
P‐80: Extra High Efficiency Reflector Fabricated by a One‐Step Exposure Method
Authors: Wong Yih‐Jun , Lai Chih‐Ming
Published: January 2005

In previous works, a high quality reflective TFT‐LCD with an internal asymmetric diffusive micro slant reflector (DMSR) was developed. The DMSR is used to enhance the image quality and had been made by a process with multiple exposures. In this paper, we will describe a new approach to form the same structure by single exposure process. Experimental results demonstrate that the DMSR formed by this new approach can have better performance than the previous one.
P‐81: Twisted Nematic Reflective Display with Internal Wire Grid Polarizer
Authors: Sergan T. , Kelly J. , Lavrentovich M. , Gardner E. , Hansen D. , Perkins R. , Hansen J. , Critchfield R.
Published: January 2005

We studied the optical performance of reflective wire grid polarizer designed for visible light. The polarizer reflects E‐polarization and transmits H‐polarization with low losses. When used in a twisted nematic (TN) device as a back polarizer it enhances the brightness and provides high contrast ratio at wide viewing angles. By placing the wire grid polarizer within the cell, viewing parallax is eliminated. The polarizer can also be used as the rear electrode.
P‐84: Display Performances of Mobile Fine Particle Display with Liquid Crystal
Authors: Toko Yasuo , Iwakura Yasushi , Tsuchida Shinya , Takahashi Taiju
Published: January 2005

In Mobile Fine Particle Display, fine particles are doped and dispersed within nematic liquid crystal and the display is switched depending on the position of the fine particles. The fine particles can be moved by synergistic effect of the flow of liquid crystal and the electrophoresis of the fine particles.
P‐85: Reflective Liquid‐Crystal Cell‐Gap Measurement Using Input‐Polarization‐Angle Dependence
Authors: Choi Wing‐Kit
Published: January 2005

A simple technique of measuring a reflective TN liquid crystal (LC) cell gap using a laser is described. It utilizes a very unique property of strong input‐polarization‐angle dependence of the reflective LCs, which is not observed in the conventional transmissive LCs. This technique eliminates the surface‐reflection problem which can be encountered by most other techniques using a monochromatic light source. Quantitative experimental results obtained have confirmed the validity of this scheme.