EVALUATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF OCCLUSION RATIO DURING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PERMANENT BITE.
Authors: Lykhota K.M. 
Published: January 2019

The unity of the tooth-jaw system is ensured by the close interaction of dental rows, jaws, chewing and facial muscles, temporomandibular joint. Surgical anomalies of bite are often accompanied by significant changes in occlusion ratio of the tooth-jaw system, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients [1, 2, 3]. Significant influence on occlusion ratio has orthodontic treatment. Introduction of high technologies into the practice of prevention and treatment of abnormalities of the zygomatic system contributes to the improvement of dental health, however, the problem of violation of occlusive ratio in dental anomalies and deformations persists in connection with the increase in the prevalence of bite pathology among the population of Ukraine [4, 5].

Investigation of violations of occlusion of dentitions is an integral part of the complex functional analysis of the dental maxillary apparatus. The most common clinical technique for the analysis of occlusive ratio is the technique of occlusion through articulation paper. However, this method does not meet current requirements, because it reflects neither such parameters as the strength and timeliness of tooth contacts, nor contains information about the nature of occlusive violations. Checking only the static parameters of occlusion is not a complete objective method of assessing the quality of treatment. With a sufficient number and correctly placed occlusal contacts, adequate interposition of the components of the temporomandibular joint, the formation of physiological occlusion will be the basis for the uniform distribution of functional loads. In order to solve the problems, a comprehensive study of the parameters of dynamic occlusion is necessary [6, 7].

Up to date, an objective criterion for evaluating occlusion is the use of computerized analysis of occlusion with the help of T-Scan. The results obtained during this study can be used to control the quality of performed orthodontic treatment [6, 7, 8, 9].

Purpose. Determination of the dynamics of occlusal ratio for 117 people of different age groups with sagittal malocclusions during orthodontic treatment generally and specific methods.

Materials and methods of research. Occlusion contacts were assessed using a computerized occlusion analysis of T-Scan III (USA). Depending on the type of pathology of the occlusion, patients were divided into two groups: A (patients with distal occlusion) and B (patients with mesial occlusion), which depended on the method of orthodontic treatment, and were further divided into 2 subgroups.

In the subgroups A1 (33 patients) and B1 (28 patients), the treatment was performed with the help of individual myofunctional apparatus - Elastoelainers, in group II patients of subgroup A2 (35 patients), and patients of subgroup B2 (21 patients) - treatment was carried out using fixed dentistry (bracket system).

The control group consisted of 20 people of the same age with physiological bites and intact dentition.

Results. Studies have shown that people with sagittal malocclusions expressed disturbances of occlusal ratio (presence premature occlusal contacts on the natural teeth, changes in the direction of the trajectory of the total vector occlusion load) experienced significant changes in the dynamics of the proposed orthodontic treatment, and closer to those of the control group immediately after treatment.

Conclusions. The effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of patients with sagittal anomalies of occlusion with the help of individually myofunctional devices has been proved, which is confirmed by the data of the dynamics of indices of computer occlusion.