bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bulk Electrosynthesis of Patchy Particles with Highly Controlled Asymmetric Features
Authors: Chassagne Paul , Garrigue Patrick , Kuhn Alexander
Published: October 2023

Asymmetric modification of particles with various patches of different composition and size at predefined positions is an important challenge in contemporary surface chemistry, as such particles have numerous potential applications, ranging from materials science and (photo)catalysis to self‐assembly and drug delivery. However, approaches allowing the synthesis of this kind of complex objects in the bulk of a solution in a straightforward way are currently lacking. In this context, bipolar electrochemistry (BE) is a powerful technique for the asymmetric modification of conducting objects. Herein, this approach is used for the highly controlled modification of particles with different metal patches, generated at specific locations of isotropic objects. The synthesis is carried out in the bulk of the solution and leads to predefined patterns of increasing complexity, including even a specific chiral arrangement of the patches.
Promoting the Recruitment, Engagement, and Reinvigoration of Effector T Cells via an Injectable Hydrogel with a Supramolecular Binding Capability for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhu Yueqiang , Jin Liangjie , Chen Junbin , Su Miao , Sun Tianmeng , Yang Xianzhu
Published: October 2023

T cells play a basic and key role in immunotherapy against solid tumors, and efficiently recruiting them into neoplastic foci and sustaining long‐term effector function are consistent goals that remain a critical challenge. Here, an injectable alginate‐based hydrogel with abundant β‐cyclodextrin (ALG‐βCD) sites is developed and intratumorally injected to recruit CCR9+CD8+ T cells (a subset of T cells with robust antitumor activity) via the trapped chemokine CCL25. In the meantime, an intravenously injected adamantane‐decorated anti‐PD1 antibody (Ad‐aPD1) would hitchhike on recruited CCR9+CD8+ T cells to achieve the improved intratumoral accumulation of Ad‐aPD1. Moreover, the Ad‐PD1 and Ad‐PDL1 antibodies are immobilized in the ALG‐βCD hydrogel through supramolecular host–guest interactions of Ad and βCD, which facilitate engagement between CD8+ T cells and tumor cells and reinvigorate CD8+ T cells to avoid exhaustion. Based on this treatment strategy, T cell‐mediated anticancer activity is promoted at multiple levels, eventually achieving superior antitumor efficacy in both orthotopic and postsurgical B16‐F10 tumor models.
A Polymer‐Based Chemiresistive Gas Sensor for Selective Detection of Ammonia Gas
Authors: Rath Ronil J. , Farajikhah Syamak , Oveissi Farshad , Shahrbabaki Zahra , Yun Jimmy , Naficy Sina , Dehghani Fariba
Published: October 2023

Breath analysis is a non‐invasive tool used in medical diagnosis. However, the current generation of breath analyzers is expensive, time‐consuming, and requires sample gas separation. In this work, a simple, yet effective, low‐cost ammonia gas sensor based on poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) is presented for non‐invasive medical diagnosis. The designed sensor has a broad detection range to ammonia gas up to 1000 ppm with a limit of detection of 30 ppb. This is a robust sensor, which functions at high relative humidity (RH) (>90%) and exhibits consistent electrical responses under different test conditions. The result of a blind test validates the sensor's selective response to ammonia in the presence of other gases such as carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is viable to integrate this sensor into a mask for real‐time ammonia gas detection accurately. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a simple, non‐invasive, and cost‐effective sensor for real‐time monitoring of ammonia gas with high potential in applications such as medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental conditions.
Reconfigurable Logic‐In‐Memory Cell Comprising Triple‐Gated Feedback Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Han Jongseong , Son Jaemin , Jeon Juhee , Shin Yunwoo , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig
Published: October 2023

A reconfigurable logic‐in‐memory (R‐LIM) cell performs logic‐in‐memory functions as well as reconfigurable logic gates. The R‐LIM cell is constructed with triple‐gated (TG) feedback field‐effect transistors (FBFETs) that are reconfigured in n‐channel or p‐channel modes via electrostatic doping. Each TG FBFET has one control gate electrode and two program‐gate electrodes that determine the channel mode. Their reconfigurability enables the symmetrical operation of the n‐channel and p‐channel modes through an on‐current ratio of 1:04. Furthermore, the R‐LIM cell performs eight Boolean logic operations, storing the logic outputs for ≈100 s under zero‐bias conditions. The R‐LIM cell is useful for developing in‐memory computing systems with high energy efficiency and functional logic.
Continuous no‐tillage winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer by yield environment
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathan D. , Assefa Yared
Published: October 2023

Maintaining crop residue through no‐tillage (NT) has allowed increased water storage and continuous cropping in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐based systems. However, there is little information regarding nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates for a continuous NT wheat cropping system across various yield environments. The main objective of this study was to determine agronomic optimum N rates for a continuous NT wheat in different yield environments. The study was conducted from 1981 through 2003 at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, with six N fertilizer rate treatments (0, 22, 45, 67, 90, and 112 kg N ha−1). Experimental years were divided into four yield environments: very low yielding (VLY), low yielding (LY), high yielding (HY), and very high yielding (VHY). Results showed that LY environments required a relatively greater N amount (79–98 kg N ha−1) than HY to VHY environments (72–73 kg N ha−1) to attain optimal yields. The optimal yields at low‐yield environments were smaller (1184–1654 kg ha−1) than in high‐yield environments (2181–2733 kg ha−1). Protein yield increased by 120 g for 1 kg increase in grain yield. We concluded that the optimum N fertilizer rates for continuous NT wheat ranged from 70 to 100 kg N ha−1, but these rates should be adjusted based on yield environments.
The 141‐year period for Dr. Beal's seed viability experiment: A hybrid surprise
Authors: Fleming Margaret B. , Stanley Lauren , Zallen Robyn , Chansler Matthew T. , Brudvig Lars A. , Lowry David B. , Weber Marjorie , Telewski Frank W.
Published: October 2023

Premise

In 1879, Dr. William Beal buried 20 glass bottles filled with seeds and sand at a single site at Michigan State University. The goal of the experiment was to understand seed longevity in the soil, a topic of general importance in ecology, restoration, conservation, and agriculture, by periodically assaying germinability of these seeds over 100 years. The interval between germination assays has been extended and the experiment will now end after 221 years, in 2100.

Methods

We dug up the 16th bottle in April 2021 and attempted to germinate the 141‐year‐old seeds it contained. We grew germinants to maturity and identified these to species by vegetative and reproductive phenotypes. For the first time in the history of this experiment, genomic DNA was sequenced to confirm species identities.

Results

Twenty seeds germinated over the 244‐day assay. Eight germinated in the first 11 days. All 20 belonged to the Verbascum genus: Nineteen were V. blattaria according to phenotype and ITS2 genotype; and one had a hybrid V. blattaria × V. thapsus phenotype and ITS2 genotype. In total, 20/50 (40%) of the original Verbascum seeds in the bottle germinated in year 141.

Conclusions

While most species in the Beal experiment lost all seed viability in the first 60 years, a high percentage of Verbascum seeds can still germinate after 141 years in the soil. Long‐term experiments such as this one are rare and invaluable for studying seed viability in natural soil conditions.
Live‐born autosomal ring chromosomes at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Cytogenomics Laboratory: Case series—Spanning 52 years of experience in a single center
Authors: Kushwaha Shivani , Stinnett Victoria , Zou Ying S. , Murry Jaclyn B.
Published: October 2023

Ring chromosomes (RCs) are a structural aberration that can be tolerated better in acrocentric or gonosomal chromosomes. Complete RCs arise from telomere‐telomere fusions. Alternatively, genomic imbalances corresponding to the ends of the chromosomal arms can be seen with RC formation. RCs are unstable in mitosis, result in mosaicism, and are associated with a “ring syndrome,” which presents with growth and development phenotypes and differs from those features more frequently observed with pure terminal copy number changes. Due to variability in mosaicism, size, and genomic content, clear genotype–phenotype correlations may not always be possible. Given the rarity of RCs, this historical data is invaluable. We performed a retrospective review of individuals bearing RCs to investigate the incidence in our laboratory. This work details the methods and features seen in association with twenty‐three autosomal RCs. In decreasing order, the most frequently seen autosomal RCs were 18, 22, 4, 13, 17, and 9. The additional cases detail clinical and cytogenomic events similar to those reported in RCs. As methodologies advance, insights may be gleaned from following up on these cases to improve genotype–phenotype correlations and understand the cryptic differences or other predisposing factors that lead to ring formation and development.
Metal‐Free Bicyclization for the Construction of N−O Fused Tetracyclic Isoquinolones
Authors: Lv Zhenwei , Li Yan , Cai Lingchao , Song Liangliang
Published: October 2023

A hypervalent iodine‐mediated bicyclization of N‐alkoxybenzamides for the synthesis of polyheterocycles is reported. Through metal‐free strategy, various N−O fused tetracyclic isoquinolones are synthesized in moderate to good yields at room temperature. The tetracyclic isoquinolones show good fluorescent properties, with maximum emission wavelength ranging from 442 to 459 nm. Notably, preliminary antifungal activity investigations indicate that N−O fused tetracyclic isoquinolones show good activities towards crop and forest pathogenic fungi. One of them exhibits 75.9 % antifungal activity towards C. chrysosperma, which is much better than the positive control.
Peri‐Anthracenethioindigo: A Scaffold for Efficient All‐Red‐Light and Near‐Infrared Molecular Photoswitching**
Authors: Köttner Laura , Ciekalski Elias , Dube Henry
Published: October 2023

Molecular photoswitching with red light is greatly desired to evade photodamage and achieve specific photoresponses. In virtually all reported cases however, only one switching direction uses red light while for the reverse switching, UV or visible light is needed. All‐red‐light photoswitching brings with it the clear advantage of pushing photoswitching to the limit of the low‐energy spectrum, but no viable system is available currently. Here we report on peri‐anthracenethioindigo (PAT) as molecular scaffold for highly efficient all‐red‐light photoswitching with an outstanding performance and property profile. The PAT photoswitch provides near‐infrared (NIR) absorption up to 850 nm, large negative photochromism with more than 140 nm maxima shifts and changes color from green to blue upon irradiation with two shades of red light. Thermal stability of the metastable Z isomer is high with a corresponding half‐life of days at 20 °C. Application in red‐light responsive polymers undergoing pronounced and reversible green to blue color changes demonstrate spatially resolved photoswitching. The PAT photoswitch thus offers unique responsiveness to very low energy light together with predictable and large geometrical changes within a rigid molecular scaffold. We expect a plethora of applications for PAT in the near future, e.g. in materials, molecular machines or biological context.
Tailored Design of π‐Extended Multi‐Resonance Organoboron using Indolo[3,2‐b]Indole as a Multi‐Nitrogen Bridge
Authors: Fan Tianjiao , Zhu Senqiang , Cao Xudong , Liang Xiao , Du Mingxu , Zhang Yuewei , Liu Rui , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: October 2023

Extending the π‐skeletons of multi‐resonance (MR) organoboron emitters can feasibly modulate their optoelectronic properties. Here, we first adopt the indolo[3,2‐b]indole (32bID) segment as a multi‐nitrogen bridge and develop a high‐efficiency π‐extended narrowband green emitter. This moiety establishes not only a high‐yield one‐shot multiple Bora–Friedel–Crafts reaction towards a π‐extended MR skeleton, but a compact N‐ethylene‐N motif for a red‐shifted narrowband emission. An emission peak at 524 nm, a small full width at half maximum of 25 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 96 % are concurrently obtained in dilute toluene. The extended molecular plane also results in a large horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 87 %. A maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.6 % and a maximum power efficiency of 135.2 lm/W are thereafter recorded for the corresponding device, also allowing a low efficiency roll‐off with EQEs of 34.5 % and 28.1 % at luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 and 10,000 cd/m2, respectively.
Silver and Copper Nitride Cooperate for CO Electroreduction to Propanol
Authors: Phong Duong Hong , Rivera de la Cruz Jose Guillermo , Tran Ngoc‐Huan , Louis Jacques , Zanna Sandrine , Portehault David , Zitolo Andrea , Walls Michael , Peron Deizi Vanessa , Schreiber Moritz W. , Menguy Nicolas , Fontecave Marc
Published: October 2023

The need of carbon sources for the chemical industry, alternative to fossil sources, has pointed to CO2 as a possible feedstock. While CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) allows production of interesting organic compounds, it suffers from large carbon losses, mainly due to carbonate formation. This is why, quite recently, tandem CO2R, a two‐step process, with first CO2R to CO using a solid oxide electrolysis cell followed by CO electroreduction (COR), has been considered, since no carbon is lost as carbonate in either step. Here we report a novel copper‐based catalyst, silver‐doped copper nitride, with record selectivity for formation of propanol (Faradaic efficiency: 45 %), an industrially relevant compound, from CO electroreduction in gas‐fed flow cells. Selective propanol formation occurs at metallic copper atoms derived from copper nitride and is promoted by silver doping as shown experimentally and computationally. In addition, the selectivity for C2+ liquid products (Faradaic efficiency: 80 %) is among the highest reported so far. These findings open new perspectives regarding the design of catalysts for production of C3 compounds from CO2.
A Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimer as a Potential Quantum Gate: Magneto‐Structural Correlations and Spin Coherence Properties
Authors: Ranieri Davide , Privitera Alberto , Santanni Fabio , Urbanska Karolina , Strachan Grant J. , Twamley Brendan , Salvadori Enrico , Liao Yu‐Kai , Chiesa Mario , Senge Mathias O. , Totti Federico , Sorace Lorenzo , Sessoli Roberta
Published: October 2023

In the development of two‐qubit quantum gates, precise control over the intramolecular spin‐spin interaction between molecular spin units plays a pivotal role. A weak but measurable exchange coupling is especially important for achieving selective spin addressability that allows controlled manipulation of the computational basis states |00⟩ |01⟩ |10⟩ |11⟩ by microwave pulses. Here, we report the synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of a heterometallic meso‐meso (m‐m) singly‐linked VIVO−CuII porphyrin dimer. X‐band continuous wave EPR measurements in frozen solutions suggest a ferromagnetic exchange coupling of ca. 8 ⋅ 10−3 cm−1. This estimation is supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, which also allow disentangling the ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic contributions to the exchange. Pulsed EPR experiments show that the dimer maintains relaxation times similar to the monometallic CuII porphyrins. The addressability of the two individual spins is made possible by the different g‐tensors of VIV and CuII‐ions, in contrast to homometallic dimers where tilting of the porphyrin planes plays a key role. Therefore, single‐spin addressability in the heterometallic dimer can be maintained even with small tilting angles, as expected when deposited on surface, unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum gates for practical applications.
Valkyrie Probes: A Novel Class of Enzyme‐Activatable Photosensitizers based on Sulfur‐ and Seleno‐Rosamines with Pyridinium Unit**
Authors: Lioret Vivian , Renault Kévin , Maury Olivier , Romieu Anthony
Published: October 2023

The rational design of activatable photosensitizers (aPSs) uncaged by specific disease biomarkers is currently booming due to their positive attributes to achieve targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this context, we present here the synthesis and detailed photophysical characterization of a novel class of hetero‐rosamine dyes bearing sulfur or selenium as bridging heavy atom and 4‐pyridyl meso‐substituent as optically tunable group. The main feature of such photoactive platforms is the spectacular change of their spectral properties depending on the caging/decaging status of their 4‐pyridyl moiety (cationic pyridinium vs. neutral pyridine). The preparation of two alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐responsive probes (named Valkyrie probes) was achieved through formal N‐quaternarization with 4‐phosphoryloxybenzyl, the traditional recognition moiety for this important diagnostic enzyme. Bio‐analytical validations including fluorescence/singlet oxygen phosphorescence enzyme assays and RP‐HPLC‐fluorescence/‐MS analyses have enabled us to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of this novel photosensitizer activation strategy. Since sulfur‐containing Valkyrie probe also retains high fluorogenicity in the orange‐red spectral range, this study highlights meso‐pyridyl‐substituted S‐pyronin scaffolds as valuable candidates for the rapid construction of molecular phototheranostic platforms suitable for combined fluorescence diagnosis and PDT.
Transition‐metal‐based Catalysts for Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia by Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: Advancing the Green Ammonia Economy
Authors: Akter Riva , Shah Syed Shaheen , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Zahir Md. Hasan , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh
Published: October 2023

Ammonia (NH3), a cornerstone in the chemical industry, has historically been pivotal for producing various valuable products, notably fertilizers. Its significance is further underscored in the modern energy landscape, where NH3 is seen as a promising medium for hydrogen storage and transportation. However, the conventional Haber–Bosch process, which accounts for approximately 170 million ton of NH3 produced globally each year, is energy‐intensive and environmentally damaging. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) emerges as a sustainable alternative that operates in ambient conditions and uses renewable energy sources. Despite its potential, the NRR faces challenges, including the inherent stability of nitrogen and its competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction. Transition metals, especially ruthenium (Ru) and molybdenum (Mo), have demonstrated promise as catalysts, enhancing the efficiency of the NRR. Ru excels in catalytic activity, while Mo offers robustness. Strategies like heteroatom doping are being pursued to mitigate NRR challenges, especially the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. This review delves into the advancements of Ru and Mo‐based catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, elucidating the NRR mechanisms, and championing the transition towards a greener ammonia economy. It also seeks to elucidate the core principles underpinning the NRR mechanism. This shift aims not only to address challenges inherent to traditional production methods but also to align with the overarching goals of global sustainability.
Experimental analysis of voice volume for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Garcia Arturo , Wunderlich Kara L. , Pelfrey Chandler , Sheppard Christina M.
Published: October 2023

Inappropriate prosodic production, or features of speech, is an often observed but rarely treated communication skill deficit in individuals with autism. Expanding on previous literature, we conducted a functional analysis (FA) on the voice volume responses (VVRs) of two children with autism spectrum disorder utilizing similar procedures to those of Edgerton and Wine. Then, we evaluated the efficacy of visual feedback from an app and a function‐based treatment to decrease loud VVRs and increase appropriate VVRs. Results of the FA indicated loud VVRs were maintained by social negative reinforcement for one participant and by both social negative and automatic reinforcement for another. For one participant, the intervention decreased the use of loud VVRs and increased appropriate VVRs. For the other participant, the results of the intervention were inconclusive. Implications of conducting functional analyses and behavioral interventions to treat inappropriate voice volume are discussed.
Enzyme‐functionalized alginate microparticles enable anaerobic culture under ambient oxygen
Authors: Williams Tyrell J. , Daboin Claudia , Kim Paul , Guo Fengguang , de Figueiredo Paul , Alge Daniel L.
Published: October 2023

Methods for culturing oxygen‐sensitive cells and organisms under anaerobic conditions are vital to biotechnology research. Here, we report a biomaterial‐based platform for anaerobic culture that consists of glucose oxidase (GOX) functionalized alginate microparticles (ALG‐GOX), which are designed to deplete dissolved [O2] through enzymatic activity. ALG‐GOX microparticles were synthesized via a water‐in‐oil emulsion and had a size of 132.0 ± 51.4 µm. Despite having a low storage modulus, the microparticles remained stable under aqueous conditions due to covalent crosslinking through amide bonds. Enzyme activity was tunable based on the loaded GOX concentration, with a maximum activity of 3.6 ± 0.3 units/mg of microparticles being achieved at an initial loading concentration of 5 mg/mL of GOX in alginate precursor solution. High enzyme activity in ALG‐GOX microparticles resulted in rapid oxygen depletion, producing a suitable environment for anaerobic culture. Microparticles loaded with both GOX and catalase (ALG‐GOX‐CAT) to reduce H2O2 buildup exhibited sustained activity for potential long‐term anaerobic culture. ALG‐GOX‐CAT microparticles were highly effective for the anaerobic culture of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, with 10 mg/mL of ALG‐GOX‐CAT microparticles supporting the same level of growth in an aerobic environment compared to an anaerobic chamber after 16 h (8.70 ± 0.96 and 10.03 ± 1.03 million CFU, respectively; N.S. p = 0.07). These microparticles could be a valuable tool for research and development in biotechnology.
Recurrent toxic epidermal necrolysis with two different drugs in a patient with chronic kidney disease–A case report with an atypical presentation
Authors: Mathur Mahesh , Thakur Neha , Jaiswal Sunil , Maharjan Srijana , Paudel Supriya , Shrestha Anjali
Published: October 2023

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a dermatologic emergency usually attributed to drugs. Recurrent episodes of TEN are more common in the pediatric population than in adults. Patients carrying susceptible specific haplotypes, cross‐reactivity between the drugs, and drug metabolites generated by the Cytochrome P450 are the key factors for the recurrent episodes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of toxic epidermal necrolysis by altering the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug with comparatively higher mortality in this group of patients. We hereby present an elderly female with 2 episodes of TEN following intake of furosemide at present and Nimesulide 3 years back. Cross‐reactivity between these drugs because of the similar stereochemical structure might have triggered the second episode. The second episode of TEN was milder in presentation with a short latency period without any constitutional symptoms as compared to the first episode. Thus, treating physicians should always consider cross‐reactivity between the chosen drugs in order to prevent subsequent life‐threatening episodes, especially in patients with CKD.
Recent Advances in Non‐Precious Metal Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Low‐Temperature Polymer‐Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Sarapuu Ave , Lilloja Jaana , Akula Srinu , Zagal José H. , Specchia Stefania , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: October 2023

Fuel cells have emerged as a promising clean electrochemical energy technology with a great potential in various sectors, including transportation and power generation. However, the high cost and scarcity of the noble metals currently used to synthesise electrocatalysts for low‐temperature fuel cells has hindered their widespread commercialisation. In recent decades, the development of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have gained significant attention. Among those, electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed active sites, referred to as single‐atom catalysts (SACs), are gaining more interest. Nanocarbon materials containing single transition metal atoms coordinated to nitrogen atoms are active electrocatalysts for the ORR in both acidic and alkaline conditions and thus have a great promise to be utilised as non‐precious metal cathode electrocatalysts in low‐temperature fuel cells. This review article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the utilisation of transition metal‐based SACs in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). We highlight the main strategies and synthetic approaches for tailoring the properties of SACs to enhance their ORR activity and durability. Based on the already achieved results, it is evident that SACs indeed could be suitable for the cathode of the low‐temperature fuel cells.
Quantitative Analysis of Cellular Morphology During In Vitro Decidualization
Authors: Ant Luciana , Dily François Le , Beato Miguel , Saragüeta Patricia
Published: October 2023

Decidualization is a differentiation process involving shape reorganization from a fibroblast to an epithelioid‐like appearance characteristic of endometrial stromal cells. For the study of in vitro decidualization, one needs to check that the cells have undergone this process effectively. Verification is usually done by analyzing the expression of decidual markers, but changes in morphology are a more comprehensive feature. However, morphological specificities (i.e., flatness) of endometrial cells prevent the use of existing automated tools. A simple and accurate methodology was developed to quantify the phenotypic changes that occur in an in vitro decidualization system. This approach analyzes cell circularity directly from light microscopy images to follow the effects of progesterone or progestin R5020 in combination with estradiol (E2) and cAMP in inducing the decidualization of human endometrial cells. A statistical model to detect the differences in the kinetics of decidualization of the two hormonal stimuli before all the cell population acquire the decidual phenotype was implemented. It was found that statistical differences in morphology between decidualized and control cells could be detected 2 days after the treatments. Here we detail the model applied, scripts, and input files in order to provide a useful, practical, and low‐cost tool to evaluate morphological aspects of endometrial stromal differentiation. This method allows the verification of the effectiveness of the decidualization process of the stromal endometrial cells without having to use cell replicates, as other methods such as immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR assays require. Consequently, this approach can follow the kinetics of a living single replicate throughout the experiment. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Cell circularity quantification of human stromal endometrial cells using ImageJ

Basic Protocol 2: Statistical analysis of cell circularity of human stromal endometrial cells
Risk of malignancy assessment of the different cytologic categories in respiratory cytology samples according to the new guidelines of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology
Authors: Ardor Gokce Deniz , Ahmed Momin , Hanna Karina , Ibanoglu Onur , Nassar Aziza
Published: October 2023

Background

Cytology is extremely important for diagnosis of lung carcinoma and the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) had proposed a new classification system for respiratory cytology for better communication between physicians and better patient management. The objective of this study is to analyze our samples in accordance with this classification and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of various cytologic techniques and to assess the risk of malignancy.

Methods

Eight hundred and twenty respiratory cytology specimens (FNA, BAL, washing, brushing, sputum) collected between 2019 and 2022 were classified according to the PSC system and the risk of malignancy was assessed for each category using follow‐up surgical samples. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were determined based on a categorial approach, according to a similar study.

Results

The data of 820 respiratory cytology specimens from 576 patients were analyzed. 2.6% of these were non‐diagnostic, 64.1% were NM, 5% were AC, 0.4% were N‐B‐LG, 4% were SM and 23.9% were ML. The risk of malignancy for each diagnostic category were: 42.8% for non‐diagnostic, 31.2% for NM, 43.9% for AC, 87.9% for SM, 94.3% for ML. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated using only the malignant cases considered as positive tests and was 45.57% and 97.34% respectively.

Conclusion

Our results correlated with the PSC system, and it was considered useful in clinical practice. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate the usefulness of this system. The ROMs of each category and the impact of different techniques should be further studied.
Diurnal circadian clock gene expression is altered in models of genetic and acquired epilepsy
Authors: Yamakawa Glenn R. , Patel Meshwa , Lin Runxuan , O'Brien Terence J. , Mychasiuk Richelle , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo M.
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Growing evidence demonstrates a relationship between epilepsy and the circadian system. However, relatively little is known about circadian function in disease states, such as epilepsy. This study aimed to characterize brain and peripheral core circadian clock gene expression in rat models of genetic and acquired epilepsy.

Methods

For the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) study, we used 40 GAERS and 40 non‐epileptic control (NEC) rats. For the kainic acid status epilepticus (KASE) study, we used 40 KASE and 40 sham rats. Rats were housed in a 7 am:7 pm light–dark cycle. Hypothalamus, hippocampus, liver, and small intestine samples were collected every 3 h throughout the light period. We then assessed core diurnal clock gene expression of per1, cry1, clock, and bmal1.

Results

In the GAERS rats, all tissues exhibited significant changes in clock gene expression (P < 0.05) when compared to NEC. In the KASE rats, there were fewer effects of the epileptic condition in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, or small intestine (P > 0.05) compared with shams.

Significance

These results indicate marked diurnal disruption to core circadian clock gene expression in rats with both generalized and focal chronic epilepsy. This could contribute to epileptic symptomology and implicate the circadian system as a viable target for future treatments.
On the structure of consistent cycles in cubic symmetric graphs
Authors: Kutnar Klavdija , Marušič Dragan , Miklavič Štefko , Šparl Primož
Published: October 2023

A cycle in a graph is consistent if the automorphism group of the graph admits a one‐step rotation of this cycle. A thorough description of consistent cycles of arc‐transitive subgroups in the full automorphism groups of finite cubic symmetric graphs is given.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐based bone imaging of the lower limb: Strategies for generating high‐resolution synthetic computed tomography
Authors: Florkow Mateusz C. , Nguyen Chien H. , Sakkers Ralph J. B. , Weinans Harrie , Jansen Mylene P. , Custers Roel J. H. , van Stralen Marijn , Seevinck Peter R.
Published: October 2023

This study aims at assessing approaches for generating high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging‐ (MRI‐) based synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images suitable for orthopedic care using a deep learning model trained on low‐resolution computed tomography (CT) data. To that end, paired MRI and CT data of three anatomical regions were used: high‐resolution knee and ankle data, and low‐resolution hip data. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of low‐resolution training CT data on sCT generation and to find ways to train models on low‐resolution data while providing high‐resolution sCT images. Experiments included resampling of the training data or augmentation of the low‐resolution data with high‐resolution data. Training sCT generation models using low‐resolution CT data resulted in blurry sCT images. By resampling the MRI/CT pairs before the training, models generated sharper images, presumably through an increase in the MRI/CT mutual information. Alternatively, augmenting the low‐resolution with high‐resolution data improved sCT in terms of mean absolute error proportionally to the amount of high‐resolution data. Overall, the morphological accuracy was satisfactory as assessed by an average intermodal distance between joint centers ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 mm and by an average intermodal root‐mean‐squared distances between bone surfaces under 0.7 mm. Average dice scores ranged from 79.8% to 87.3% for bony structures. To conclude, this paper proposed approaches to generate high‐resolution sCT suitable for orthopedic care using low‐resolution data. This can generalize the use of sCT for imaging the musculoskeletal system, paving the way for an MR‐only imaging with simplified logistics and no ionizing radiation.
Subacromial contact after acromioplasty in the rotator cuff deficient shoulder
Authors: Gatto Laura , Fernando Ashen , Patel Minoo , Yeung Angus , Ackland David C.
Published: October 2023

Subacromial impingement (SAI) is associated with shoulder pain and dysfunction and is exacerbated by rotator cuff tears; however, the role of acromioplasty in mitigating subacromial contact in the rotator cuff deficient shoulder remains debated. This study aimed to quantify the influence of isolated and combined tears involving the supraspinatus on subacromial contact during abduction; and second, to evaluate the influence of acromioplasty on joint space size and subacromial contact under these pathological conditions. Eight fresh‐frozen human cadaveric upper limbs were mounted to a computer‐controlled testing apparatus that simulated joint motion by simulated force application. Shoulder abduction was performed while three‐dimensional joint kinematics was measured using an optoelectronic system, and subacromial contact evaluated using a digital pressure sensor secured to the inferior acromion. Testing was performed after an isolated tear to the supraspinatus, as well as tears involving the subscapularis and infraspinatus‐teres minor, both before and after acromioplasty. Rotator cuff tears significantly increased peak subacromial pressure (p < 0.001), average subacromial pressure (p = 0.001), and contact force (p = 0.034) relative to those in the intact shoulder. Following acromioplasty, significantly lower peak subacromial contact pressure, force and area were observed for all rotator cuff tears involving the supraspinatus at 30° of abduction (p < 0.05). Acromioplasty predominantly reduces acromion thickness anteriorly thereby reducing subacromial contact in the rotator cuff deficient shoulder, particularly in early to mid‐abduction where superior glenohumeral joint shear force potential is large. These findings provide a biomechanical basis for acromioplasty as an intervention for SAI syndrome and as an adjunct to rotator cuff repairs.
Surgical Approaches to Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granulomas: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Noy Roee , Bassal Raghad , Ostrovsky Dmitry , Cohen Jacob , Ishai Reuven , Cohen‐Vaizer Mauricio , Vaisbuch Yona
Published: October 2023

Objective

To compare the outcomes of different surgical approaches to petrous apex cholesterol granulomas (PACG).

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses‐Network Meta‐analyses guidelines, databases were searched from inception to November 31, 2022. Studies comparing two or more approaches were included. Reviews and population studies were excluded. The main outcome measures were the resolution of symptoms, serviceable hearing, complication, and revision rates.

Results

The search yielded 2132 studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies remained, consisting of 214 patients treated with lateral approaches (n = 182) or anterior endonasal approaches (n = 32). The efficacy of lateral and anterior endonasal approaches in achieving symptom resolution was comparable (73% vs. 68%, p = 0.5). Both exhibited similar rates of complications (33% vs. 37%, p = 0.3), albeit with distinct profiles. Lateral approaches were associated with higher rates of facial palsy and sensorineural hearing loss (44% vs. 18%, p = 0.03). Anterior endonasal approaches demonstrated higher rates of epistaxis and cerebrospinal fluid leak (15% vs. 1%, p = 0.001). Anterior endonasal approaches exhibited lower revision rates (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14–0.88). The placement of a stent in both approaches was associated with higher symptom resolution (OR: 5.12, 95% CI: 1.05–9.97) and lower revision rates (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.33–0.92).

Conclusions

Anterior endonasal approaches yield lower revision rates compared to lateral approaches for PACG. Both approaches demonstrate similar effectiveness in symptom resolution and comparable rates of complications, with distinct profiles. Facial nerve and hearing status are important factors that should be addressed when selecting the approach. Stenting is beneficial.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:1540–1550, 2024
A Dual Reversible Cross‐Linked Hydrogel with Enhanced Mechanical Property and Capable of Proangiogenic and Osteogenic Activities for Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Chen Kai , He Wenbao , Gao Wei , Wu Yan , Zhang Zhe , Liu Mingxiang , Hu Yunping , Xiao Xiufeng , Li Fuping , Feng Qian
Published: October 2023

The clinical treatment of bone defects presents ongoing challenges. One promising approach is bone tissue engineering (BTE), wherein hydrogels have garnered significant attention. However, the application of hydrogels in BTE is severely limited due to their poor mechanical properties, as well as their inferior proangiogenic and osteogenic activities. To address these limitations, our develop a dual cross‐linked alendronate (ALN)‐Ca2+/Mg2+‐doped sulfated hyaluronic acid (SHA@CM) hydrogel, using a one‐step mixing injection molding method known as “three‐in‐one” approach. This approach enabled the simultaneous formation of Schiff‐Base crosslinking and electric attraction‐based crosslinking within the hydrogel. The Schiff‐Base crosslinking contributed to the majority of the hydrogel's mechanical strength, while the electric attraction‐based crosslinking served as a release reservoir for Ca2+/Mg2+ and ALN, promoting enhanced osteogenic activities and providing additional mechanical reinforcement to the hydrogel. These experimental data demonstrates several favorable properties of the SHA@CM hydrogel, including satisfactory injectability, rapid gelation, self‐healing capacity, and excellent cytocompatibility. Moreover, the presence of sulfated groups and Mg2+ within the SHA@CM hydrogel exhibited pro‐angiogenic effects, while the controlled release of nanoparticles formed by Ca2+/Mg2+ and ALN further enhanced the osteogenesis of the hydrogel. Overall, these results indicate that the SHA@CM hydrogel holds significant potential for the clinical translation of BTE.
Ultrawideband 3‐D printed aperture‐shared conformal dual‐horn antenna
Authors: Wang Yifan , Gao Ping , Li Teng , Han Min , Dou Wenbin
Published: October 2023

An ultrawideband 3D printed aperture‐shared conformal dual‐horn antenna that is mounted on a cylindrical metal surface is proposed. The antenna system consists of an H‐plane horn antenna working at 0.5–5.5 GHz, namely Antenna A, an H‐plane horn antenna working at 5.5–16 GHz, namely Antenna B, and a diplexer. To validate the proposed aperture‐shared antenna, a prototype is 3D printed with surface metallization. A diplexer is used to connect Antenna A and Antenna B. Measured results show a 32:1 impedance bandwidth for the dual‐horn antenna system with |S11| < −6.8 dB. Good radiation patterns are also obtained for most of the bandwidth.
Spectral boundary integral equation method for simulation of 2D and 3D slip ruptures at bi‐material interfaces
Authors: Gupta Avinash , Ranjith Kunnath
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a 3D spectral numerical scheme that can accurately model planarcracks of any shape residing on an interfacial plane between two elastic solids. The cracks propagate dynamically under the action of interfacial loads and interfacial constitutive laws. The scheme is a spectral form of the boundary integral equations (BIE) that relate the displacement discontinuity fields along the interfacial plane to the stress fields at the plane. In the BIE, the displacement discontinuities are expressed as a spatio‐temporal convolution of the traction components at the interface. This is in contrast with most previous studies which use a spatio‐temporal convolution of the displacement discontinuities or of the displacements at the interface. Due to the continuity of tractions across the interface, the present formulation is simpler, resulting in convolution kernels that can be written in closed‐form. Previous studies have relied on numerically obtained convolution kernels. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is validated with the known analytical solution of the 3D Lamb problem. Furthermore, new algorithms are developed for coupling the BIE with a slip‐weakening friction law, both for homogeneous materials as well as for bi‐material interfaces. This results in a widely applicable formulation for studying spontaneous rupture propagation. The algorithms are validated by comparing rupture simulation exercises to benchmark problems from Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). Finally, the methodology is used to simulate 3D frictional rupture propagation along a bi‐material interface.
Risk of Monopolar Electrosurgery in Cochlear Implant Recipients is Nominal: Evidence to Guide Clinical Practice
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Haller Travis , Lohse Christine M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Neff Brian A. , Saoji Aniket A. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Comprehensively assess the prevalence of monopolar electrosurgery‐related device complications among cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Study Design

Multifaceted retrospective review and survey.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Methods

Multifaceted approach including: (i) review of the current literature; (ii) historical review of institutional data from an academic, tertiary CI center; (iii) review of industry data provided by 3 Food and Drug Administration‐approved CI manufacturers; and (iv) survey of high‐volume CI centers.

Results

Literature review identified 9 human studies, detailing 84 devices with 199 episodes of device‐cautery exposure. From studies reporting on patients records, no implant showed evidence of damage after exposure. One cadaveric study using dental cautery reported 1 episode of device damage. Review of institutional records did not identify any CI damage in 84 instances of exposure. Data from the 3 major implant manufacturers showed a single report of damage that could be reasonably linked to monopolar electrosurgery, out of a possible 689,426 CIs. Last, a survey of 8 high‐volume CI centers did not identify any adverse events associated with monopolar cautery.

Conclusion

These data estimate the risk of adverse device‐related events or tissue injury to be extraordinarily low. Short of operating in immediate proximity to the CI (ie, the ipsilateral temporoparietal scalp), these data indicate that monopolar electrosurgery can be used in the body and the head‐and‐neck of CI recipients with nominal risk. These findings may guide decision‐making in cases that are optimally or preferably performed with monopolar electrocautery and can be used to counsel CI patients following inadvertent exposures.
Prevalence of oral chronic graft versus host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yamada Ayaka , Torihata Sayaka , Shimoide Takeshi , Lee Atsushi‐Doksa , Kinoshita Yuko , Kawaguchi Miku , Ashida Takashi , Matsumura Itaru , Enomoto Akifumi
Published: October 2023

Aim

Oral cGVHD is one of the phenotypes of organ involvement of cGVHD and is a complex, frequent, and highly impactful complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT). Few studies have compared the incidences and risk factors of oral cGVHD, and they have not been discussed. We performed to evaluate the risk factors for oral cGVHD after allogeneic HSCT in a single center.

Methods

A retrospective study of clinical hematological data of all consecutive patients who underwent HSCT for malignant hematologic disease and then developed oral chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) in a single center from 2012 to the present was performed to evaluate the risk factors for oral cGVHD. Allogeneic HSCT was performed for 179 patients. Assessment of individual risk factors (age, sex, primary diagnosis, stem cell source, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] matching, regimen, donor age, and status after remission induction therapy) was completed to identify the effects of covariates of the independent variables.

Results

Seventy‐two (40.2%) patients were considered to have oral cGVHD within 36 months after HSCT. Statistical analysis showed that age, sex, stem cell source, HLA matching, regimen, donor age, and status after remission induction therapy were not significant factors related to oral cGVHD, whereas the primary disease was significant.

Conclusion

The primary disease was a significant risk factor for oral cGVHD. The oral cGVHD was more common in myeloid neoplasms (MNs) patients than in lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) patients.