bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated energy‐efficient optimization for urban rail transit timetable
Authors: Deng Lianbo , Chen Ming , Duan Keyi , Li Ouyang , Shi Fengshou
Published: May 2023

The energy‐efficient optimization of the train timetable should be carried out on the basis of meeting passenger demand and determining the train operation plan. This paper proposes an integrated energy‐efficient optimization framework for the train timetable. Firstly, two energy‐efficient optimization strategies for this problem are proposed: inter‐station running time allocation and regenerative braking energy utilization. The first strategy aims to reduce the traction energy consumption, realized by selecting the profile based on a given set of speed profiles for each inter‐station sector when ensuring a stable travel time of train routing. The second strategy is intended to fully utilize the regenerative energy feedback from braking trains, realized by setting the departure time of trains based on a small‐range headway adjustment. Then, an integrated energy‐efficient optimization model of the timetable is developed and solved using the genetic algorithm. Finally, a case study of the Guangzhou Metro Line 8 is presented to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the utilization rate of regenerative braking energy in the optimized timetable increases by 8.60%, and the total energy consumption decreases by 9.52%. Regenerative energy utilized roughly doubles during peak hours and increases more than twice as much during off‐peak hours.
Improved radar range and velocity resolution using the fast orthogonal search
Authors: Lloyd John , Korenberg Michael
Published: May 2023

The authors show improved radar range and velocity resolution is achieved using fast orthogonal search in place of the standard fast Fourier transform. The method reliably detects targets that are close either in range or in velocity, which is relevant today given recent advances in target swarms. The method presented also allows radars to detect slower targets closer to the zero‐Doppler region, like uncrewed aerial systems (drones) moving slowly to escape detection. The authors also show a novel method for estimating the velocity spectrum of a pulse‐Doppler radar using the in‐phase and quadrature samples directly by presenting unique terms to the fast orthogonal search. This eliminates the need to convert into complex samples for processing. The authors compared the performance of the new fast orthogonal search method against the fast Fourier transform using both simulated pulse‐Doppler radar data and real frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar data taken in an anechoic chamber. The simulated pulse‐Doppler scenarios included targets closely spaced in velocity and targets near the zero‐Doppler null, all at a variety of signal‐to‐interference ratios. In all cases, the fast orthogonal search method was shown capable of detecting both the closely‐spaced and near‐zero‐Doppler targets a greater percentage of time compared to the fast Fourier transform. Furthermore, when the methods were compared using real frequency‐modulated continuous wave radar data, the stationary targets were resolved at 0.4 m using the fast orthogonal search as compared to 0.6 m for the fast Fourier transform. Thus, this new method is capable of greater radar range and velocity resolution than the fast Fourier transform.
Fifty years of research to counter the decline of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis): a review of French achievements and prospects for the restoration of remaining beds and revival of aquaculture production
Authors: Pouvreau Stéphane , Lapègue Sylvie , Arzul Isabelle , Boudry Pierre
Published: May 2023

In the fifty years since the introduction of the Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasand the first reports of the parasitesMarteilia refringensandBonamia ostreaein European waters, numerous research projects dedicated to the native European flat oysterOstrea edulishave been conducted, notably in France. Most of these projects have been dedicated to developing controlled reproduction and hatchery technology for seed production, examining pathological aspects to understand and control diseases, and using genetics to develop resistant lines. While the long-term objective of most studies has been to revive the aquaculture production ofO. edulis, a smaller number have addressed the ecology of local remnant beds and reefs in France. This article provides an overview of the major outcomes of all these projects, focusing on results obtained in France and prospects for future work there, taking into account the rising interest in increasing aquaculture production and ecological motivation to restore declining populations as part of the framework of the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA) and in line with UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration.
Phylogeny and codon usage bias of bacterial genomes inBifidobacterium animalis
Authors: Yang Yongzong
Published: May 2023

In nature, the phenomenon of an equal probability distribution of four nucleotides did not exist. Due to the influence of selection, the nucleotides ofBifidobacterium animaliswould not be presented with equal probability.Bifidobacterium animaliswas frequently added to food because of its special metabolic pathway, which could catalyze fructose and lactic acid. This study analyzed industrialBifidobacterium animalisand environmentalBifidobacterium animalisthrough strategies such as a phylogenetic tree, ENC, RSCU, PR2, neutral graph, and ENC top/bottom gene enrichment graph. The result was that theBifidobacterium animalisas a whole is greatly affected by the environment, while the difference between the internal industrial bacteria and environmental bacteria was not apparent. This study could provide a reference for the screening of industrial strains fromBifidobacteriumand the further development ofBifidobacterium.
Pharmacokinetic prediction of nebulised polymyxin for pulmonary delivery
Authors: Hu Tian , Miao Hao , Zhou Xudong , Qiu Shi , Tong Zhenbo
Published: May 2023

Inhaled administration of polymyxin B is increasingly used to treat multi-drug resistant bacterial lung infections. However, the lack of clinical data on the pharmacokinetics of inhaled administration makes drug dose design, efficacy assessment and drug safety assessment a challenge. In this study, clinical data from intravenous injections were deconvoluted by an equal-step numerical deconvolution algorithm to derive the drug absorption rate of polymyxin B in vivo. The absorption rate was substituted into a published pulmonary absorption compartment model to predict the systemic pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B. It was demonstrated that the intravenous PK dataset with the pulmonary compartment model provided reliable estimates of the accuracy and bias of inhaled systemic pharmacokinetics.
An ultrathin and flexible terahertz electromagnetically induced transparency-like metasurface based on asymmetric resonators
Authors: Nourinovin Shohreh , Park Sae June , Abbasi Qammer H. , Alomainy Akram
Published: May 2023

Terahertz (THz) electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) metasurfaces have been extensively explored and frequently used for sensing, switching, slow light, and enhanced nonlinear effects. Reducing radiation and non-radiation losses in EIT-like systems contributes to increased electromagnetic (EM) field confinement, higher transmission peak magnitude, and Q-factor. This can be accomplished by the use of proper dielectric properties and engineering novel designs. Therefore, we fabricated a THz EIT-like metasurface based on asymmetric metallic resonators on an ultra-thin and flexible dielectric substrate. Because the quadruple mode is stimulated in a closed loop, an anti-parallel surface current forms, producing a transparency window with a transmission peak magnitude of 0.8 at 1.96 THz. To control the growing trend of EIT-like resonance, the structure was designed with four asymmetry levels. The effect of the substrate on the resonance response was also explored, and we demonstrated experimentally how the ultra-thin substrate and the metasurface asymmetric novel pattern contributed to higher transmission and lower loss.
Smart manufacturing production line connectivity – case study in automotive sector
Authors: Mrabti Abdelaziz , Nouri Khaled
Published: May 2023

Industrial companies must continue to produce while guaranteeing the quality of their products and maintaining the availability of machines and equipment. In this context, the industrial success comes with a new way of organizing the means of production based on practical optimization solutions that integrate industry 4.0 and lean tools. Lean and Industry 4.0 are both production paradigms with a common goal: to efficiently manufacture highly customized products in small batches. Industry 4.0 aims to accelerate the flow of information and the Lean approach focuses on eliminating waste to accelerate physical flows: the synergy of the two methods contributes to operational excellence. This paper examines the misperception of the relationship between industry 4.0 and production, and examines the digitization of a complex production chain capable of implementing lean manufacturing. Digitization can be summarized as the application of digital technologies to the world of manufacturing. The digitization is the key to achieving this integration, as it allows for the interconnection of digital technologies and the implementation of a dialogue system between tools and workstations. By exchanging information, these technologies can improve productivity and working conditions within the company. Our approach is illustrated by a case study conducted in the automotive sector. The study compares a predigitization scenario with a post-digitization scenario and shows the positive impacts of digitization on the company’s productivity..
Security aspects related Intelligent e-Health Systems
Authors: Rafik Hamza , Ettaoufik Abdelaziz , Maizate Abderrahim
Published: May 2023

Current health situations and crises require physicians and researchers to convert traditional healthcare services to a new generation of digital healthcare known as e-health smart systems that operate close to the end user with the objective to provide medical assistance using advanced technologies including Internet of Medical Things technology, edge computing, and cloud computing paradigms. However, this system architecture reveals limitations in terms of latency, bandwidth, power consumption as well as security and privacy of collected data. Through this paper, a presentation of different healthcare monitoring system layers has been defined, in addition to listed challenges faced by the deployment of this technology, while providing an introduction of security risks that threaten the user data safety alongside the e-health layers. Moreover, a summarized discussion of Blockchain technology came over to provide a secure decentralized architecture in sharing data across allowed entities.
Optimization Approach for Yard Crane Scheduling Problem using genetic algorithm in Container Terminals
Authors: Aidi Sanaa , Mazouzi Mohamed
Published: May 2023

As the core operational issue in container terminals, yard crane scheduling problem directly aﬀects the overall operation eﬃciency of port connecting highway or railway transportation and sea transportation. In practice, the scheduling of yard cranes is subject to many uncertain factors, so the scheme may be inapplicable and needs to be adjusted. From the perspective of proactive strategy, considering fluctuations in arrival time of external trucks as well as varied handling volume of yard cranes,a stochastic programming model is established in this paper to obtain a fixed scheme with the minimum expected value of yard crane makespan and total task waiting time over all the scenarios. The scheme does not require rescheduling when facing diﬀerent situations. Subsequently, two algorithms based on certain rules are proposed to obtain the yard crane operation scheme in the deterministic environment, which are taken as the basic solution inthe uncertain conditions, and then a tailored genetic algorithm is adopted to find the optimal solution with good adaptability to the uncertain scenarios. Finally, we use smallscale examples to compare the performance of algorithms in the deterministic and uncertain environment and then analyze the relationship between diﬀerent yard crane configurations and the number of tasks. Largescale experiments are performed to study the operation eﬃciency of the storage yard with diﬀerent handling volumes assigned to each yard crane.
Application of Deep Learning in Healthcare: A Survey on Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Elaissaoui Khadija , Ridouani Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Brain tumors are one of the most dangerous diseases that continue to be threatened worldwide.As a result, the diagnosis and treatment in the early stages are very important in this case. As a result, the diagnosis and treatment in the early stages are very important in this case. Furthermore, the determination of the correct nature of the tumor is a sensitive process in patient treatment .In recent years, with the advancement of deep learning solutions in computer vision, such as image segmentation, image classification, and object detection, promising results have been achieved in the accuracy of medical diagnosis.In this paper, we propose the most famous deep learning model and architecture used to predict the existence of brain tumors from an MR image dataset.
Transforming Therapy – Transforming Public Health – Forschung zur Doppelqualifikation von Therapeut*innen mit Master of Public Health
Authors: Czernik Claudia , Höppner Heidi
Published: May 2023

Kernaussagen

Public Health Masterprogramme sind für Therapeut*innen mit Bachelorabschluss attraktiv, da sie deren individuelle Sicht (auf Patient*innen) um eine systemische Perspektive auf Krankheit und Gesundheit der Bevölkerung erweitern können.

Die Erfahrungen von Therapeut*innen ermöglichen spezifische originäre Perspektiven für die Disziplin Public Health.

Die Ressource der Doppelqualifikation (Therapie und Public Health) gilt es, sowohl für die Professionalisierung der Therapieberufe als auch für die Entwicklung von Public Health noch bewusster zu nutzen.
Transition-Metal-Free Cross-Coupling of Acetals and Grignard Reagents To Form Diarylmethyl Alkyl Ethers and Triarylmethanes
Authors: Shi Shi-Liang , Qin Yang , Liu Sheng
Published: May 2023

We herein report a transition-metal-free cross-coupling reaction of acetals and Grignard reagents. The method provides a modular preparation of diarylmethyl alkyl ethers, triarylmethanes, and 1,1-diarylalkanes that constitute the core structures of many bioactive molecules and synthetic motifs. A series of readily accessible acetals bearing aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl substituents efficiently coupled with commercially available aryl, alkyl, and allylic magnesium bromides to give the products in high yields. In addition to acyclic and cyclic acetals, ketal and orthoester also serve as viable substrates to afford sterically hindered tertiary ether and ketal respectively. A sequential difunctionalization of acetals led to the rapid synthesis of triarylmethanes and diarylalkanes.
Tamoxifen-Induced Cutaneous Vasculitis—A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Das Ankita , Sahay Ayushi , Joshi Shalaka
Published: May 2023

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and forms the mainstay of endocrine therapy in premenopausal women with breast cancer in both adjuvant and metastatic setting. Common adverse effects are menopausal symptoms with venous thrombosis and endometrial carcinoma being rarer but more sinister complications. Vasculitis is a rarely reported reaction to tamoxifen. We report a case of a 38-year-old woman with locally advanced breast cancer, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant paclitaxel. She was on maintenance tamoxifen and leuprolide for 3 months, when she presented with pruritic bilateral maculopapular rash over all her limbs, legs more than hands. A skin biopsy from the left lower limb confirmed the diagnosis of vasculitis. Tamoxifen was stopped, and patient was switched to letrozole and leuprolide. She was given antihistamines, antibiotics, fusidic acid, vitamin C, and topical steroids. The lesions resolved completely in 1 month after stoppage of tamoxifen. We report this rare side effect of tamoxifen so that oncologists can effectively diagnose and treat this distressing but reversible condition.
Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Reproductive Decision Making among Women with Epilepsy
Authors: Srikanth Pallerla , Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Thomas Priya Treesa , Raghvendra Kenchaiah
Published: May 2023

Introduction Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes neurobiological, cognitive, and psychosocial consequences. Such impairments lead to substantial social influence on women across their life cycle stages, mostly connected with stigma, the severity of illness, quality of life, and other psychosocial issues in adding to reproductive decision-making associated to risk perception. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and reproductive decision-making factors among women with epilepsy.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and reproductive decision-making factors among women with epilepsy. A semistructured questionnaire was prepared to collect the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 49 women who sought treatment for epilepsy from a national tertiary referral care center for neuropsychiatry in South India. The researcher developed a 24-item questionnaire, including three open-ended questions to assess the knowledge about reproductive health issues and epilepsy.

Results The participants' mean age was 24.67 ± 3.72, where 51% had secondary education, 63.3% were married, and 46.9% were homemakers. Women with epilepsy have reported lower knowledge about the illness and about the pregnancy, childbearing practices, breastfeeding, and epilepsy-related factors. Content analysis of responses to open-ended questions brought out the presence of marriage-related concerns, epilepsy and pregnancy, misconceptions about the pregnancy outcomes, and general misconceptions about the illness factors that play a role in reproductive decision-making among women living with epilepsy.

Conclusion The study reveals that women with poor knowledge about epilepsy and pregnancy have difficulty in reproductive decision-making, thereby increasing risk perception of childbearing. This places interest on the necessity for health care professionals to address the above psychosocial problems as part of their intervention plan.
Impact of Sarcopenia on Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: A Review of Literature
Authors: Kantamani Balateja , Bavaskar Manasi , Shetty Rathan , Singhavi Hitesh R.
Published: May 2023

The overall outcome of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing any treatment modality may significantly depend upon their general nutritional condition. Poor nutritional status leading to sarcopenia may be a negative prognostic factor in determining the outcome of HNC patients. PubMed database was searched to identify studies published between 2015 and 2022. All studies reporting the index for sarcopenia as well as its effect on HNC were included. This narrative review was conducted to specifically evaluate the impact of sarcopenia on HNC patients undergoing surgery/ free flap reconstruction/ adjuvant treatment. In oncology, computed tomography assessment of skeletal mass at C3 and L3 is the most suitable index to detect sarcopenia. From the articles yielded, the prevalence rate of sarcopenia ranges from 6 to 70% worldwide. Indian population presents with a significantly higher rate of 31.5% sarcopenia HNC patients. Sarcopenic patients have an increased propensity for surgical site infections, as high as 24.6% owing to the reduced skeletal muscle mass. These patients are also prone to have frequent breaks during radiation treatment of more than 1 week and increased chemotherapy-related toxicities. Further, sarcopenic individuals tend to have higher Ryle's tube dependency of more than 90 days. Sarcopenic patients undergoing surgery have a poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In terms of hazards ratio, sarcopenic patients have 1.96 times poor OS and 2.00 times poor DFS when compared to normal individuals who undergo HNC surgery. Sarcopenia is an indispensable part of cancer ailment and it is an independent factor negatively influencing DFS and OS. Thus, nutritional strategy needs to be developed to mitigate sarcopenic effects, especially in the Indian population in preoperative setting.
Identifying personal physiological data risks to the Internet of Everything: the case of facial data breach risks
Authors: Wang Meng , Qin Yalin , Liu Jiaojiao , Li Weidong
Published: May 2023

Personal physiological data is the digital representation of physical features that identify individuals in the Internet of Everything environment. Such data includes characteristics of uniqueness, identification, replicability, irreversibility of damage, and relevance of information, and this data can be collected, shared, and used in a wide range of applications. As facial recognition technology has become prevalent and smarter over time, facial data associated with critical personal information poses a potential security and privacy risk of being leaked in the Internet of Everything application platform. However, current research has not identified a systematic and effective method for identifying these risks. Thus, in this study, we adopted the fault tree analysis method to identify risks. Based on the risks identified, we then listed intermediate events and basic events according to the causal logic, and drew a complete fault tree diagram of facial data breaches. The study determined that personal factors, data management and supervision absence are the three intermediate events. Furthermore, the lack of laws and regulations and the immaturity of facial recognition technology are the two major basic events leading to facial data breaches. We anticipate that this study will explain the manageability and traceability of personal physiological data during its lifecycle. In addition, this study contributes to an understanding of what risks physiological data faces in order to inform individuals of how to manage their data carefully and to guide management parties on how to formulate robust policies and regulations that can ensure data security.
Subjective experience, self-efficacy, and motivation of professional football referees during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Richlan Fabio , Thürmer J. Lukas , Braid Jeremias , Kastner Patrick , Leitner Michael Christian
Published: May 2023

The present multi-study article investigates the subjective experience of professional football (a.k.a. soccer) referees and players during the COVID-19 pandemic and the so-called ghost games (i.e., games without supporters). Referees from the Austrian Football Association completed questionnaires inquiring about self-efficacy, motivation, and general personal observations and perceptions (e.g., arousal or confidence). In addition, two players and one referee in the Austrian Football Bundesliga were interviewed retrospectively regarding their subjective experience during ghost games and the effects of emotions on behavior and performance using semi-structured, video-taped interviews. Results of the referee survey indicate that the most profound differences between regular games and ghost games lie in the domain of intrinsic motivation and multiple aspects of subjective experience. Specifically, the experience in ghost games compared with regular games was reported by referees as being significantly less motivating, less excited/tense, less emotional, less focused, and overall, more negative, despite being easier to referee and the players behaving more positively. Qualitative analyses of the video-taped interview footage indicated (i) substantial inter-individual variability regarding the extent of the effect of the empty stadiums on the subjective experience of emotions, (ii) consequently, different strategies to regulate emotions and arousal from suboptimal to optimal levels, both before and during competition, and (iii) interactions between reported emotions, arousal, motivation, self-confidence, behavior and performance on the pitch. In addition, non-verbal expressions of emotion were captured using fully automated AI-software that coded facial movements during interviews. The results of this exploratory facial expression analysis revealed varying degrees of arousal and valence in relation to the content of the statements during the interviews, demonstrating the convergent validity of our findings. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the effects of football games without fans during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide insights into the subjective experience of professional football referees. Concerning referees and players alike, emotions are investigated as potential processes related to home-field advantage and performance in professional football by means of a multi-methods approach. Further, the combination of qualitative and quantitative measures—as well as verbal and non-verbal communication channels—can deepen our understanding of the emotional influence of (missing) spectators on the subjective experience and the behavior of sports professionals is discussed.
A wind tunnel investigation of the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of bionic flapping wings with three-dimensional complex motion
Authors: Li Lun , Wang Wencheng , Wu Xiaojin
Published: May 2023

The bionic flapping wing aircraft realizes flight by imitating the structure and flapping mode of birds. In this paper, a three-dimensional composite motion aerodynamic analysis model of a bionic flapping wing is established. The diverting field and flapping wing grid are divided up using dynamic hybrid grid technology. The flow field of the flapping wing is analyzed by solving the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation combined with the Boussinesq hypothesis. The lift of the flapping wing under different flutter frequencies and incoming wind speeds is studied under the asymmetric flutter condition. In order to verify the accuracy of the aerodynamic simulation results, a flapping-wing shrinking-ratio model prototype is made, and low-speed wind tunnel experiments are carried out to test the changes in the flight lift of the wing at different flutter frequencies and angles of attack. A comparative analysis of the wind tunnel experiment and the aerodynamic simulation results shows that when the flapping frequency (1–5 Hz) and incoming wind speed (1–5 m/s) increase, the lift force generated by the wing flapping increases. Due to the deviation between the experimental sample airfoil area and the simulated airfoil area, as well as the wing-driven fuselage vibration during the experiment, a sensor error is produced, resulting in a deviation of about 1 N between the experimental result curve and the simulation result curve. However, the aerodynamic characteristics obtained from the aerodynamic simulation analysis are basically consistent with the aerodynamic change law measured in the wind tunnel experiment.
Advances in high abundance protein molecular imprinting techniques in human serum
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Gong Aijun , Qiu Lina , Liu Yang , Zheng Shujia , Qin Wenyan , Fan RongRong
Published: May 2023

The detection of protein biomarkers is crucial for early disease diagnosis. However, these biomarkers are present at low levels in serum, and the detection signal is easily interfered with by high levels of proteins. These factors pose major challenges for direct biomarker detection by existing technologies; thus, sample pre-treatments are performed as the best solution. Molecularly imprinted polymers have excellent properties of good binding ability, high selectivity and low cost, making this technique one of the best for serum pre-treatment. This review discusses the recent research status and development of bulk and surface imprinting techniques for high-abundance proteins. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the research overview and progress of substrate and template selection, template immobilization technology and strategies to control the thickness of imprinted polymers when using the surface imprinting technique. Finally, the main challenges of molecular imprinting technique (MIT) application for high-abundance proteins and the future direction of this field are highlighted.
Sexual health services in urban, suburban, and rural outpatient mental healthcare settings in New York: findings from a survey of practices and gaps
Authors: McKinnon Karen , Jaafar Fatima , Alves-Bradford Jean-Marie , Weinstein Taylor , Zurita McKinnon Alma , Hughes Elizabeth , Boccher-Lattimore Daria , Cournos Francine
Published: May 2023

We surveyed all licensed outpatient mental health programs in New York to examine sexual health services and training needs of providers. Gaps were found in processes for assessing whether patients were sexually active, engaging in sexual risk behaviours, and in need of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis. Significant differences between urban, suburban, and rural settings statewide were found in how the following sexual health services were delivered: education; on-site sexually transmitted infection screenings; and condom distribution and barriers to distribution. Staff training in sexual health services delivery is critically needed for optimal sexual health and recovery of patients in community mental healthcare.
Integrated analysis of single-cell chromatin state and transcriptome identified common vulnerability despite glioblastoma heterogeneity
Authors: Raviram Ramya , Raman Anugraha , Preissl Sebastian , Ning Jiangfang , Wu Shaoping , Koga Tomoyuki , Zhang Kai , Brennan Cameron W. , Zhu Chenxu , Luebeck Jens , Van Deynze Kinsey , Han Jee Yun , Hou Xiaomeng , Ye Zhen , Mischel Anna K. , Li Yang Eric , Fang Rongxin , Baback Tomas , Mugford Joshua , Han Claudia Z. , Glass Christopher K. , Barr Cathy L. , Mischel Paul S. , Bafna Vineet , Escoubet Laure , Ren Bing , Chen Clark C.
Published: May 2023

In 2021, the World Health Organization reclassified glioblastoma, the most common form of adult brain cancer, into isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastomas and grade IV IDH mutant (G4 IDHm) astrocytomas. For both tumor types, intratumoral heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure. To better define this heterogeneity, genome-wide chromatin accessibility and transcription profiles of clinical samples of glioblastomas and G4 IDHm astrocytomas were analyzed at single-cell resolution. These profiles afforded resolution of intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, including delineation of cell-to-cell variations in distinct cell states, focal gene amplifications, as well as extrachromosomal circular DNAs. Despite differences in IDH mutation status and significant intratumoral heterogeneity, the profiled tumor cells shared a common chromatin structure defined by open regions enriched for nuclear factor 1 transcription factors (NFIA and NFIB). Silencing of
NFIA
or
NFIB
suppressed in vitro and in vivo growths of patient-derived glioblastomas and G4 IDHm astrocytoma models. These findings suggest that despite distinct genotypes and cell states, glioblastoma/G4 astrocytoma cells share dependency on core transcriptional programs, yielding an attractive platform for addressing therapeutic challenges associated with intratumoral heterogeneity.
Cultural threat perceptions predict violent extremism via need for cognitive closure
Authors: Obaidi Milan , Anjum Gulnaz , Bierwiaczonek Kinga , Dovidio John F. , Ozer Simon , Kunst Jonas R.
Published: May 2023

Understanding the psychological processes that drive violent extremism is a pressing global issue. Across six studies, we demonstrate that perceived cultural threats lead to violent extremism because they increase people’s need for cognitive closure (NFC). In general population samples (from Denmark, Afghanistan, Pakistan, France, and an international sample) and a sample of former Mujahideen in Afghanistan, single-level and multilevel mediation analyses revealed that NFC mediated the association between perceived cultural threats and violent extremist outcomes. Further, in comparisons between the sample of former Afghan Mujahideen and the general population sample from Afghanistan following the known-group paradigm, the former Mujahideen scored significantly higher on cultural threat, NFC, and violent extremist outcomes. Moreover, the proposed model successfully differentiated former Afghan Mujahideen participants from the general Afghan participants. Next, two preregistered experiments provided causal support for the model. Experimentally manipulating the predictor (cultural threat) in Pakistan led to higher scores on the mediator (NFC) and dependent variables (violent extremist outcomes). Finally, an experiment conducted in France demonstrated the causal effect of the mediator (NFC) on violent extremist outcomes. Two internal meta-analyses using state-of-the-art methods (i.e., meta-analytic structural equation modeling and pooled indirect effects analyses) further demonstrated the robustness of our results across the different extremist outcomes, designs, populations, and settings. Cultural threat perceptions seem to drive violent extremism by eliciting a need for cognitive closure.
Implicit learning of convective organization explains precipitation stochasticity
Authors: Shamekh Sara , Lamb Kara D. , Huang Yu , Gentine Pierre
Published: May 2023

Accurate prediction of precipitation intensity is crucial for both human and natural systems, especially in a warming climate more prone to extreme precipitation. Yet, climate models fail to accurately predict precipitation intensity, particularly extremes. One missing piece of information in traditional climate model parameterizations is subgrid-scale cloud structure and organization, which affects precipitation intensity and stochasticity at coarse resolution. Here, using global storm-resolving simulations and machine learning, we show that, by implicitly learning subgrid organization, we can accurately predict precipitation variability and stochasticity with a low-dimensional set of latent variables. Using a neural network to parameterize coarse-grained precipitation, we find that the overall behavior of precipitation is reasonably predictable using large-scale quantities only; however, the neural network cannot predict the variability of precipitation (
R
2
∼ 0.45) and underestimates precipitation extremes. The performance is significantly improved when the network is informed by our organization metric, correctly predicting precipitation extremes and spatial variability (
R
2
∼ 0.9). The organization metric is implicitly learned by training the algorithm on a high-resolution precipitable water field, encoding the degree of subgrid organization. The organization metric shows large hysteresis, emphasizing the role of memory created by subgrid-scale structures. We demonstrate that this organization metric can be predicted as a simple memory process from information available at the previous time steps. These findings stress the role of organization and memory in accurate prediction of precipitation intensity and extremes and the necessity of parameterizing subgrid-scale convective organization in climate models to better project future changes of water cycle and extremes.
Classification of defects in additively manufactured nickel alloys using supervised machine learning
Authors: Aziz Ubaid , Bradshaw Andrew , Lim Justin , Thomas Meurig
Published: May 2023

The presence of undesirable microstructural features in additively manufactured components, such as cracks, pores and lack of fusion defects presents a challenge for engineers, particularly if these components are applied in structure-critical applications. Such features might need to be manually classified, counted and their size distributions measured during metallographic evaluation, which is a time-consuming task. In this study, the performance of two supervised machine learning methods ( kth-nearest neighbours and decision trees) to automatically classify typical defects found during metallographic examination of additively manufactured nickel alloys is briefly outlined and discussed.
Temperature-Dependent Anisotropy and Two-Band Superconductivity Revealed by Lower Critical Field in Organic Superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br
Authors: Mu Huijing , Si Jin , Yang Qingui , Xiang Ying , Yang Haipeng , Wen Hai-Hu
Published: May 2023

Resistivity and magnetization have been measured at different temperatures and magnetic fields in organic superconductors κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br. The lower critical field and upper critical field are determined, which allow to depict a complete phase diagram. Through the comparison between the upper critical fields with magnetic field perpendicular and parallel to the conducting ac-planes, and the scaling of the in-plane resistivity with field along different directions, we find that the anisotropy Γ is strongly dependent on temperature. It is realized that Γ is quite large (above 20) near T
c, which satisfies the 2D model, but approaches a small value in the low-temperature region. The 2D-Tinkham model can also be used to fit the data at high temperatures. This is explained as a crossover from the orbital depairing mechanism in high-temperature and low-field region to the paramagnetic depairing mechanism in the high-field and low-temperature region. The temperature dependence of lower critical field, H
c1(T), shows a concave shape in wide temperature region. It is found that neither a single d-wave nor a single s-wave gap can fit the H
c1(T), however a two-gap model containing an s-wave and a d-wave can fit the data rather well, suggesting two-band superconductivity and an unconventional pairing mechanism in this organic superconductor.
Mycotrichocompost and biochar addition on lead (Pb) content in the ex-gold mining soil for corn plant (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Karmaita Y , Latifa D , Agustamar  , Yefriwati  , Yubniati
Published: May 2023

Gold mining land has a low level of soil fertility. One of the to increase soil fertility is the addition of micro-compost and biochar. Mycotrichocompost contains organic material enriched with microbes in the form of mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma therefore the organic compounds can bind to metal content. Biochar and together with organic matter can increase soil productivity as well as the retention and availability of nutrients for plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain the dose composition of mycotrichocompost and biochar in the binding of lead Pb content in ex-gold mine soil for corn planting. This research was carried out from June to September 2022. The study used a randomized group design which consisted of 2 treatments, mycotrichocompost treatment (0 tons ha−1, 5 tons ha−1, and 10 tons ha−1) and Biochar treatment (0 tons ha−1, 4 tons ha−1, 8 tons ha−1and 12 tons ha−1). The observed variables were Pb content, plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, leaf area index, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that mycotrichocompost and biochar addition showed an effect on Pb concentration, leaf length, and chlorophyll content. However, there was no relation between plant height and Leaf Area Index. This study concludes that the best treatment combination for Pb content is A3B2, leaf length is A3B2, and chlorophyll content is A3B2.
Seed structure and germination pattern of sugar palm [Arenga pinnata L.]
Authors: Suhendra D , Ikhsan Z , Aisyah S
Published: May 2023

Sugar palm is a type of palm plant, which can grow at various altitudes with different soil types. Sugar palm plants have high prospects because all parts of the plant can be used as traditional medicine, building materials, ingredients for making brown sugar, vinegar, starch, or flour, and as ingredients for various foods. In the cultivation of sugar palm plants, there are several problems found, one of which is the seeds that have a period of dormancy. The reason is the hard and impermeable seed coat that prevents water imbibition. This study aims to determine the structure and germination pattern of sugar palm seeds. This research was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Campus 3 Dharmasraya Universitas Andalas from April until September 2022. The observations obtained were the structure of the sugar palm seed consists of parts namely tip cap, testa, perisperm, endosperm, embryonic chamber, and embryo. The outer coat of the sugar palm seed is black and slippery. Each sugar palm seed has a small circle that spreads outside the seed coat where the small circle is the embryo. The duration of the sugar palm seeds’ germination from the beginning of germination until the leaves are fully open takes up to 120 days after planting.
Growth response and nutrition uptake of corn plants on drought stress in peat soil
Authors: Lumbantoruan S M , Paulina M , Siaga E , Aggraini S , Febrianti
Published: May 2023

Peat soil has been exposed to drought so it cannot bind water (irreversible drying) and loses its function as soil. Peat soil will be dry organic soil cannot provide water to plants. In addition, drought stress as abiotic stress decreased the ability of the soil to hold roots so that plants can fall easily which is impacted by changing the physical and chemical properties of peat soil. The goal of this research was to acquire biofertilizer components that are optimized for increasing corn in drought-stress land and the sustainability of peat soils. This study was conducted inside the experimental land of Universitas Bina Insan, Lubuklinggau. The layout used in this study became a factorial randomized block design with two elements. The first element has been the biofertilizer method (F) with four stages, specifically: F0 = without mycorrhizae, F1 = Mycorrhiza + Petrobio, F2 = Mycorrhiza + Agrozeabiochar, F3 = Mycorrhiza + Pugam. The second element was the intensity of watering (P) includes 4 ranges, particularly: watering once a day, P2 = watering every three days, P3 = watering every five days, and P4 = watering every seven days. The results showed that the biofertilizer formula with mycorrhizal+petrobio (F1) treatment has significant effects in increasing plant height, plant dry weight, and nutrient uptake. Enhancement of nutrient uptake correlated with increasing the growth of corn plants on drought stress in peat soil, The intensity of watering, was significantly different in all treatments except for K nutrients uptake.
The Impact of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff at Air Dingin Sub-watershed, Padang City Indonesia
Authors: Rusli H A R , Aprisal  , Aditya T H
Published: May 2023

The land load in the Air Dingin Sub-watershed is increasing due to the relocation of the Padang City administrative center to the district. Subsequently, this not only reduces the catchment area but also increases the surface runoff, because the open green space, which originally served as a catchment area, has been converted into settlements. A random measurement of the infiltration rate with a double-ring infiltrometer was used as a method and analyzed using the Kostiakov technique. The infiltration capacity obtained is then classified quantitatively into infiltration zoning. The runoff discharge was analyzed using Modeling System of hydrology, while the flow coefficient was determined by analyzing topography, land use, and soil type data with HEC-HMS modeling, the HSS SCS CN Method and ArcGIS 10.6. The Kostiakov method is used to calculate the capacity value in field filtration. This method took into account the physical properties of the soil and land cover. The performed analysis showed that the runoff discharge was 788.70 m3/sec, while the design discharge (2010) was 600.0 m3/sec. The runoff discharge increased by 188.70 m3/sec or an increase of 31.45%. The average infiltration rate in this area was 0.000002–0.5 cm/minute, and there was a residual discharge after the infiltration and percolation process of 499.31 m3/second. This residual discharge caused flooding in Air Dingin Sub-watershed with an initial inundation of 5.72 minutes after the rain. In terms of zoning division of the catchment area based on the value of the infiltration rate, the Air Dingin Sub-watershed area is in a very low infiltration rate zone.
A study of land suitability for developing corn in West Sumatra: an approach of GIS-based multi-criteria and legacy soil data
Authors: Naspendra Z , Junaidi  , Sandi N , Harianti M
Published: May 2023

In 2020 Indonesia imported 911,194 tons of corn. Therefore, each region needs to optimize their land-use. One of the potential areas for corn development is in West Sumatra. Therefore, this research was conducted with the objectives of a) assessing land suitability for corn and b) analyzing limiting factors and alternatives for land improvements. The geodatabase analysis used an approach of GIS-based multi-criteria and legacy soil data. Land suitability was analyzed using the Matching method with classes highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N). The results showed that 33.9% of the land in West Sumatra was suitable for corn cultivation (1,210,592.9 ha). The suitability class consisted of an S1 of 169.5 ha, an S2 class of 143,761.2 ha, and an S3 class of 1,066,662.2 ha. As much as 66% of the land was not suitable for corn cultivation due to slope factors and rooting media. The S2 and S3 classes had main subclasses S2.tc.wa.eh widely distributed in Dharmasraya and Sijunjung, S3.wa.oa in Pesisir Selatan, and S3.wa in West Pasaman. The limiting factors of subclasses S2 and S3 of corn in West Sumatra were due to high rainfall, steep slopes, and poor drainage.
Chemical properties of dragon fruit probiotic drink produced by biocapsules Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei M1.3 isolated from “Dadih” traditional fermented food West Sumatra
Authors: Agustina  , Elida M , Putri M A , Elviati
Published: May 2023

In this research, Biocapsules Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei Ml.3 isolated from “dadih” was used to ferment a probiotic drink made from dragon fruit juice. L. paracasei ssp. paracasei Ml.3 biocapsules are produced by extruding carrageenan-skim (2:1). Making dragon fruit juice probiotic drink using L. paracasei ssp. paracasei Ml.3 at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% for 18 hours. The following factors were analyzed: nutritional adequacy rates, moisture content, ash content, protein, fat, crude fiber content, carbohydrate, sugar, and total dissolved solids. The results showed that the use of culture concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% had no significant effect on the dragon fruit juice probiotic drink’s chemical characteristics. All fermented products (3%, 5%, and 7%) had an average water content of 81.93–82.56%, an ash content of 0.17–0.19%, protein content of 0.53–1.45%, a fat content of 0.33–0.42%, crude fiber content of 0.24–0.39%, carbohydrate content of 15.10–16%, sugar content of 12–13%, and a total soluble solids content of 16.5–17.2%. The highest antioxidant capacity against ascorbic acid was obtained in the 3% treatment, 94.28 ppm. The product’s nutritional adequacy rate meets the criteria set forth for functional foods, where the nutritional adequacy rate number indicates that protein makes up 0.267 kcal (0.133%) of total energy, fat makes up 0.196 kcal (0.049%) of it, and carbohydrates make up 35.474 kcal (2.534%).