bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Interactive Vertical Overlap of Cumulus and Stratus on Global Aerosol, Precipitation, and Radiation Processes in the Seoul National University Atmosphere Model Version 0 With a Unified Convection Scheme (SAM0‐UNICON)
Authors: Park Sungsu , Oh Eunsil , Kim Siyun , Shin Jihoon
Published: November 2019

The previously proposed parameterization for the integrated vertical overlap of cumulus and stratus is generalized to handle both conventional exponential‐random stratus overlap and nonconventional (i.e., other than exponential‐random) cumulus overlap in a simultaneous way. With the parameterization of the decorrelation length scale of stratus as a function of vertical wind shear, our parameterization simulates various interactive feedback between vertical cloud overlap and other physical processes. This interactive vertical overlap parameterization of cumulus and stratus was implemented into all relevant physics parameterizations (i.e., convection, stratus microphysics, radiation, aerosol wet deposition, and aerosol activation at the base of stratus) of the Seoul National University Atmosphere Model version 0 with a Unified Convection Scheme (SAM0‐UNICON) in a fully consistent way. It is shown that the overall performance of the interactive cloud overlap parameterization to simulate the observed mean climate is similar to that of the original overlap parameterization. Given that an intensive tuning has not yet been performed with the new overlap parameterization, this result is quite encouraging.
Diagnosing Subgrid Mesoscale Eddy Fluxes With and Without Topography
Authors: Khani Sina , Jansen Malte F. , Adcroft Alistair
Published: November 2019

General circulation models use subgrid‐scale (SGS) parameterizations to represent the effects of unresolved mesoscale eddies on large‐scale motions. Most of the current SGS parameterizations are based on a theoretical understanding of transient eddies, where the mean flow is a temporal average. In this work, we use a spatial filtering analysis to better understand the scale‐dependent characteristics of the SGS fluxes. Specifically, we apply the filtering approach to diagnose SGS eddy volume fluxes and eddy velocity scales in a hierarchy of model configurations from a flat bottom channel to an idealized Southern Hemisphere. Importantly, SGS volume fluxes include significant contributions from standing meanders; unlike for transient eddies, the vertically integrated SGS volume flux does not necessarily integrate to 0. To accommodate net vertically integrated eddy fluxes, we define a SGS eddy diffusivity based on planetary potential vorticity (PV) diffusion. We diagnose the transient and standing contributions to SGS fluxes and associated effective diffusivities. In the presence of bottom topography or continental barriers the standing component of the PV diffusivity becomes dominant at large filter scales in the westerly wind region, while the transient component remains dominant in the easterly wind region. Our results suggest that the diagnosed PV diffusivity can be parameterized using mixing length theory based on a priori estimates of SGS velocity and length scales.
Impact of Ocean and Sea Ice Initialisation On Seasonal Prediction Skill in the Arctic
Authors: Kimmritz M. , Counillon F. , Smedsrud L. H. , Bethke I. , Keenlyside N. , Ogawa F. , Wang Y.
Published: November 2019

There is a growing demand for skillful prediction systems in the Arctic. Using the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model that combines the fully coupled Norwegian Earth System Model and the Ensemble Kalman filter, we present a system that performs both, weakly coupled data assimilation (wCDA) when assimilating ocean hydrography (by updating the ocean alone) and strongly coupled data assimilation when assimilating sea ice concentration (SIC) (by jointly updating the sea ice and ocean). We assess the seasonal prediction skill of this version of the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model, the first climate prediction system using strongly coupled data assimilation, by performing retrospective predictions (hindcasts) for the period 1985 to 2010. To better understand the origins of the prediction skill of Arctic sea ice, we compare this version with a version that solely performs wCDA of ocean hydrography. The reanalysis that assimilates just ocean data exhibits skillful hydrography in the upper Arctic Ocean and features an improved sea ice state, such as improved summer SIC in the Barents Sea, or reduced biases in sea ice thickness. Skillful prediction of SIE up to 10–12 lead months are only found during winter in regions of a relatively deep ocean mixed layer outside the Arctic basin. Additional DA of SIC data notably further corrects the initial seaice state, confirming the applicability of the results of Kimmritz et al. (2018) in a historical setting. The resulting prediction skill of SIE is widely enhanced compared to predictions initialized through wCDA of only ocean data. Particularly high skill is found for July‐initialized autumn SIE predictions.
Constraints on the Northwestern Atlantic Deep Water Circulation From 231Pa/230Th During the Last 30,000 Years
Authors: Süfke Finn , Pöppelmeier Frerk , Goepfert Tyler Jay , Regelous Marcel , Koutsodendris Andreas , Blaser Patrick , Gutjahr Marcus , Lippold Jörg
Published: November 2019

Global climatic changes during the last glacial and deglacial have been related to variations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we present new and refined 231Pa/230Th down‐core profiles extending back to 30 ka BP from the northwestern Atlantic along the Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current, which is the main component of the southward deep backflow of the AMOC. Besides the well‐known Bermuda Rise records, available high‐resolution 231Pa/230Th data in the northwestern Atlantic are still sparse. Our new records along with reconstructions of deep water provenance from Nd isotopes constrain the timing and magnitude of past changes in AMOC from an additional northwestern Atlantic region forming a depth transect between 3,000‐ and 4,760‐m water depth. Our extended and improved data set confirms the weakening of the AMOC during deglacial cold spells such as Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas interrupted by a reinvigoration during the Bølling‐Allerød interstadial as seen in the prominent 231Pa/230Th records from the Bermuda Rise. However, in contrast to the Bermuda Rise records, we find a clearly reduced circulation strength during the Last Glacial Maximum in the deep Atlantic.
One Hundred Thousand Years of Geomagnetic Field Evolution
Authors: Panovska S. , Korte M. , Constable C. G.
Published: November 2019

Paleomagnetic records from sediments, archeological artifacts, and lava flows provide the foundation for studying geomagnetic field changes over 0–100 ka. Late Quaternary time‐varying spherical harmonic models for 0–100 ka produce a global view used to evaluate new data records, study the paleomagnetic secular variation on centennial to multimillennial timescales, and investigate extreme regional or global events such as the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion. Recent modeling results (GGF100k and LSMOD.2) are compared to previous studies based on regional or global stacks and averages of relative geomagnetic paleointensity variations. Time‐averaged field structure is similar on Holocene, 100 ky, and million‐year timescales. Paleosecular variation activity varies greatly over 0–100 ka, with large changes in field strength and significant morphological changes that are especially evident when field strength is low. GGF100k exhibits a factor of 4 variation in geomagnetic axial dipole moment, and higher‐resolution models suggest that much larger changes are likely during global excursions. There is some suggestion of recurrent field states resembling the present‐day South Atlantic Anomaly, but these are not linked to initiation or evolution of excursions. Several properties used to characterize numerical dynamo simulations as “Earth‐like” are evaluated and, in future, improved models may yet reveal systematic changes linked to the onset of geomagnetic excursions. Modeling results are useful in applications ranging from ground truth and data assimilation in geodynamo simulations to providing geochronological constraints and modeling the influence of geomagnetic variations on cosmogenic isotope production rates.
Tuning Ray Tracing for Mm‐wave Coverage Prediction in Outdoor Urban Scenarios
Authors: Vitucci Enrico M. , Degli‐Esposti Vittorio , Mani Francesco , Fuschini Franco , Barbiroli Marina , Gan Mingming , Li Chao , Zhao Jianyao , Zhong Zhimeng
Published: November 2019

Propagation characteristics at 26, 28, and 38 GHz (Ka band) in outdoor environments are analyzed through path loss measurements in two different urban scenarios and used to tune a ray‐tracing model, with specific focus on nonspecular scattering and vegetation attenuation.

The contribution from nonspecular components in non‐line‐of‐sight conditions is shown to be much more important than expected even for narrowband prediction, differently to what was found in previous studies at lower frequencies. Attenuation through vegetation is also very important and can be described using vegetation polygons and a simple linear attenuation model. When these effects are modeled inside the ray‐tracing tool, prediction accuracy is good. However, scattering from vehicles and other cluttering objects is shown to give a relevant contribution in deep non‐line‐of‐sight locations, and further work is needed to systematically model such effects into the ray‐tracing engine.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Active Perirheic Zone in a Natural Wetland Floodplain
Authors: Berezowski T. , Partington D. , Chormański J. , Batelaan O.
Published: November 2019

The ecologically and biogeochemically significant perirheic zone is a part of the floodplain where waters originating from both the river and adjacent floodplain are present. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the active perirheic zone, that is, river and floodplain waters and their transient mixing extent. This is achieved by using the Hydraulic Mixing‐Cell method, a complement to a fully integrated surface‐subsurface hydrological model, in the Biebrza catchment, northeast Poland. The model performance is verified against hydrological and hydrochemical data sets. The simulations show that overbank flooding river water is unable to penetrate deeply into the floodplain due to the presence of floodplain water. However, the active perirheic zone moves toward the floodplain and back within a buffer of at least 1 km from its initial position located approximately 0 to 2.5 km from the Biebrza River. The active perirheic zone is also present further away from the river due to the discharge of tributaries and surface runoff. The active perirheic zone exhibits multidirectional movement and can reappear in different places after a period of time. Effectively, during the flooding period, the active perirheic zone moves over 38% of the floodplain area, while the maximum daily extent is 24% of the floodplain. These dynamics imply that biogeochemical processes related to the perirheic zone, for example, denitrification, also vary in space and time. Due to the strong correlation of the perirheic zone extent with the meteorologically dependent variables, especially the snowmelt water extent, it is vulnerable to climate change.
On the Role of a Large Shallow Lake (Lake St. Clair, USA‐Canada) in Modulating Phosphorus Loads to Lake Erie
Authors: Bocaniov Serghei A. , Van Cappellen Philippe , Scavia Donald
Published: November 2019

It is often assumed that large shallow water bodies are net sediment nondepositional annually and that if they have nutrient loads from multiple sources, those loads are quickly homogenized before exiting the water bodies. Where this is not the case, it impacts understanding and predicting consequences of nutrient load reductions, both for the water body and for those downstream of it. We applied a three‐dimensional ecological model to a large shallow lake, Lake St. Clair (US/Canada), to quantify the total and dissolved reactive phosphorus (TP and DRP) transport and retention, and construct tributary‐specific relationships between phosphorus load to the lake and the amount of phosphorus that leaves the lake for the three major tributaries. Lake St. Clair is situated between the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, the latter enters Lake Erie. Efforts to reduce Lake Erie's re‐eutrophication requires an understanding of nutrient transport and retention in each of its subwatersheds including those that feed indirectly via Lake St. Clair. We found that over the simulation period, the lake retained a significant portion of TP (17%) and DRP (35%) load and that TP and DRP retention was spatially variable and largely controlled by a combination of lake depth, resuspension, and plankton uptake. Compared to the Clinton and Sydenham rivers, the Thames River contributed a larger proportion of its load to the lake's outflow. However, because the lake's load is dominated by the St. Clair River, 40% reductions of nutrients from those subwatersheds will result in less than a 5% reduction in the load to Lake Erie.
Extracting the Critical Rooting Length in Plant Uprooting by Flow From Pullout Experiments
Authors: Bau' Valentina , Zen Simone , Calvani Giulio , Perona Paolo
Published: November 2019

The growth and establishment of riparian vegetation on river bedforms is of hydrological as well as ecological importance as it helps in enhancing spatial heterogeneity and thus the biodiversity of river corridors. Yet, during floods, flow drag and scouring may reduce the rooting length of plants determining plant mortality via uprooting. In order for uprooting to occur, bed scouring must proceed until the rooting length reaches a critical value and drag forces exceed root residual anchorage. Therefore, the critical rooting length of a plant represents a crucial parameter to estimate the probability of plant removal due to flow erosion. However, difficulties in quantifying such length at the field scale have limited so far the performances of biomorphodynamic models for river bed evolution. In this work, we propose to assess the critical rooting length from controlled plant pullout experiments. To this aim, a free‐body model of the forces acting on a flexible plant in a stream at different erosion stages is developed. At incipient uprooting, we conjecture that the root resistance at the critical rooting length equals that of a plant with equal rooting length when pulled out in static conditions. To illustrate our approach, we validate our model on three different data sets obtained from small‐ and real‐scale plant uprooting experiments. A comparison between modeling and experimental observations reveals that the model provides valid results, despite its deterministic approach. The critical rooting lengths are finally used to assess the probability density function of the time to uprooting via a physically based stochastic model.
Development and Application of Predictive Models of Surface Water Extent to Identify Aquatic Refuges in Eastern Australian Temporary Stream Networks
Authors: Yu Songyan , Bond Nick R. , Bunn Stuart E. , Kennard Mark J.
Published: November 2019

Many organisms living in temporary streams rely on remnant surface water to survive during extended dry periods and recolonize newly established habitats when flow resumes. However, research on the spatiotemporal variations in surface water extent for entire river networks is scarce. In this study, we first present a new field method for rapid surface water assessment. Next, we develop predictive models relating observed water extent to environmental attributes at a large number of surveyed stream segments (n = 241) in eastern Australian coastal catchments. We use the models to predict daily variations in surface water dynamics throughout entire river networks over the period of 1911–2017, based on available long‐term environmental attributes influencing hydrological processes. We find descriptors of surface water extent can be accurately predicted based on robust internal and external validations. Environmental predictor variables representing water gaining processes were more important in predicting surface water extent than variables representing water losses. Simulated long‐term variations in surface water extent were highly dynamic through space and time, particularly in inland streams, which were predicted to be the driest on average. Total stream length with surface water ranged from 8,974 to 13,742 km across the study period. Our study presents a novel and practical approach to quantifying and predicting variations in surface water extent, with potential applicability to other parts of the world. The simulated surface water extent through space and time can be used to identify and prioritize potential aquatic refuge areas that sustain aquatic biodiversity in river networks during extended dry periods.
Hydrogen bonding networks of nalidixic acid–copper(ii) complexes
Authors: Bravo Catarina , Galego Filipa , André Vânia
Published: November 2019

The formation of hydrogen bonding networks of nalidixic acid–Cu(ii) complexes is discussed and may be a possible pathway leading to improved properties and increased efficiency of this antibiotic.
Relative hemilabilities of H2B(az)2 (az = pyrazolyl, dimethylpyrazolyl, methimazolyl) chelates in the complexes [M(η-C3H5)(CO)2{H2B(az)2}] (M = Mo, W)
Authors: Abernethy Robyn J. , Foreman Mark R. St.-J. , Hill Anthony F. , Smith Matthew K. , Willis Anthony C.
Published: November 2019

The question of B–H–Mo hemilability in a range of dihydrobis(azolyl)borate scorpionate ligands is discussed with reference to η3-allyl complexes [Mo(η3-C3H5)(CO)2{H2B(az)2}] [az = pyrazolyl (pz), dimethylpyrazolyl (pz*), mercaptoimidazolyl (mt)].
A phosphine-stabilized silylene rhodium complex
Authors: Almenara N. , Miranda J. I. , Rodríguez-Diéguez A. , Garralda M. A. , Huertos M. A.
Published: November 2019

The first example of a phosphine stabilized silylene rhodium complex.
Remodeling the tumor microenvironment to improve drug permeation and antitumor effects by co-delivering quercetin and doxorubicin
Authors: Li Min , Yue Xiangfeng , Wang Yu , Zhang Jing , Kan Linwei , Jing Ziwei
Published: November 2019

The tumor microenvironment (TM) plays a critical role in the progress of tumors.
Glass–ceramic dielectric materials with high energy density and ultra-fast discharge speed for high power energy storage applications
Authors: Liu Shaohui , Shen Bo , Hao Haoshan , Zhai Jiwei
Published: November 2019

Ferroelectric glass–ceramic materials have been widely used as dielectric materials for energy storage capacitors because of their ultrafast discharge speed, excellent high temperature stability, stable frequency, and environmental friendliness.
The clinical efficacy and safety of kanglaite adjuvant therapy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Liu Xueni , Ma Jing , Li Ke , Xu Chao
Published: November 2019

Kanglaite, a type of Chinese medicine preparation, is considered a promising complementary therapy option for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although an analysis of the published literature has been performed, the exact effects and safety are yet to be systematically investigated. Therefore, we conducted a wide-ranging online search of electronic databases to provide systematic conclusions; data from 31 trials with 2315 HCC patients were included. The results indicated that compared with conventional treatment (CT) alone, the combination of kanglaite with CT markedly prolonged patients’ 6-month overall survival (OS, P=0.003), 12-month OS (P<0.0001), 18-month OS (P=0.003), 24-month OS (P=0.03) and 36-month OS (P=0.0006) and significantly improved the overall response rate (odds ratio (OR) = 2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.10–3.16, P<0.00001) and disease control rate (OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.42–3.97, P<0.00001) of patients. The quality of life (QoL), clinical symptoms and immune function of patients were also obviously improved after combined treatment. The incidence rates of nausea and vomiting (P=0.04), hepatotoxicity (P=0.0002), leukopenia (P<0.00001), thrombocytopenia (P<0.0001), gastrointestinal side effects (P=0.01) and fever (P<0.0009) were lower in the group receiving CT and kanglaite than in the group receiving CT alone. In summary, the combination of kanglaite and CT is safe and more effective in treating HCC than is CT alone, and its application in the clinic is worth promoting.
Snapback‐free reverse conducting IGBT with p‐poly trench‐collectors
Authors: Huang Mingmin , Li Jie , Xie Changjiang , Lai Li , Gong Min
Published: November 2019

A reverse conducting (RC) insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with p‐poly trench‐collectors is proposed. A narrow n‐drift region between two p‐poly trench‐collectors is formed as a self‐controlled electron path to the collector contact. Owing to the built‐in potential between the p‐poly and n‐drift regions, the narrow n‐drift region is depleted to offer a high‐resistance electron path at forward bias, which helps to suppress snapback. At reverse bias, holes accumulate at the n‐drift/trench‐collector interface and then the potential difference between the p‐poly and n‐drift regions mainly drops at the thin oxide layer. Thus, the narrow n‐drift becomes undepleted to offer a low‐resistance electron path, and the RC diode can be turned on. Simulation results show that the proposed RC‐IGBT is able to suppress snapback with a much smaller cell width and obtain a 21% lower turn‐off loss compared to the conventional RC‐IGBT.
Energy provision minimisation in large‐scale wireless powered communication networks with throughput demand
Authors: Ge Haijiang , Yu Zhanwei , Chi Kaikai , Mao Keji , Shao Qike , Chen Lijian
Published: November 2019

So far, the research of wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) mainly considers the scenarios with a single radio‐frequency (RF) energy transmitter (ET) and a single sink. However, in practice, there are many applications where multiple ETs and sinks need to be deployed. This study focuses on large‐scale WPCNs having multiple RF ETs and sinks. Specifically, the authors aim to minimise the total energy provision by optimising ETs' transmit powers with the node‐throughput demand and sum‐throughput demand, respectively. For the node‐throughput demand case, they firstly formulate it to be a convex optimisation problem, then transform it to be a linear programming (LP) problem, and finally present a distributed algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. For the sum‐throughput demand case, they firstly formulate it to be a non‐linear optimisation problem, then prove its convexity and finally propose an efficient dual subgradient algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to the sum‐throughput demand, imposing the node‐throughput demand can effectively alleviate the throughput unfairness at the cost of increased energy provision; the proposed optimal algorithms can substantially decrease the total energy provision of ETs; the energy provision reduction percentage achieved by their schemes increases as the number of ETs increases.
Anomaly detection for condition monitoring data using auxiliary feature vector and density‐based clustering
Authors: Liu Hang , Wang Youyuan , Chen WeiGen
Published: November 2019

High‐quality condition monitoring data can provide vital information on power equipment condition assessment and fault diagnosis. However, data quality is difficult to guarantee because valid and invalid anomalies, and different normal data patterns inevitably occur in datasets. This study presents a method for anomaly detection based on auxiliary feature vector and density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). The auxiliary feature vectors of each condition variable are constructed for clustering to recognise normal data patterns and different types of anomalies. Furthermore, a heuristic method based on the ‘number of clusters–Eps’ curve is proposed for the parameter selection of DBSCAN in an unsupervised setting. Different application examples are implemented on data of dissolved gas content in transformer oil. Compared with state‐of‐the‐art anomaly detection techniques, the proposed method shows an ability to identify and distinguish normal data patterns and valid and invalid anomalies accurately, provided that the condition monitoring data satisfy the assumption of stationarity.
Fault diagnosis of circuit breakers based on time–frequency and chaotic vibration analysis
Authors: Yang Qiuyu , Ruan Jiangjun , Zhuang Zhijian
Published: November 2019

Mechanical malfunction is a main failure mode for circuit breakers (CBs). Vibrations generated from CB switching operations contain rich information of its mechanical condition. However, the vibrations are highly time‐varying and non‐stationary, which makes it very difficult to precisely extract effective features for machinery fault diagnosis. This study presents a methodology to obtain the CB vibration characteristics based on time–frequency and chaotic analysis. A new method, called adaptive chirp mode decomposition (ACMD), is introduced to extract the fast fluctuating instantaneous frequency and catch each signal component individually from the CB's vibration signal. A high resolution adaptive time–frequency spectrum which can clearly represent the mechanical condition alteration in CB is obtained by the ACMD. The component with the most significant time–frequency fluctuation is reconstructed into a high‐dimensional phase space to recover and extract the dynamic variation characteristics of the CB. Based on the reconstructed phase space, a new set of features, namely RST (ratio of major–minor axis, shape complexity and trajectory compactness), is proposed for realising the stability and accurate diagnosis of CB faults. Experimental study and practical application cases are presented showing the efficiency of the methodology proposed here.
Analysis and design considerations of an axial‐flux dual‐rotor consequent‐pole Vernier‐PM machine for direct‐drive energy conversion systems
Authors: Gorginpour Hamed
Published: November 2019

The Vernier permanent‐magnet (VPM) machine is known as high‐torque and low‐speed drive solution suitable for direct‐drive applications such as electric‐vehicles and wind‐turbines. This study presents a high‐efficiency axial‐flux VPM machine with dual‐rotor of consequent‐pole topology and one yoke‐less concentrated‐winding stator. The consequent‐pole VPM machine is a special VPM structure that introduces high torque‐density as the conventional‐VPM machine incorporating a significantly lower volume of PM material. The proposed machine represents desirable features of higher efficiency, improved reliability and lower weight and axial‐length compared to the traditional motor‐gearbox approach. These advantages are achieved due to: dual‐PM rotors for appropriate forming the magnetic flux lines and increasing torque‐to‐weight ratio, yokeless‐stator for reducing flux path, concentrated winding with no overhang for reducing copper‐loss, using rectangular‐shaped copper conductors for increasing winding fill factor and selecting the core material from high‐performance grain‐oriented magnetic steel for reducing core‐loss. After presenting the structure, the operating principles are discussed based on the magnetic flux behaviour and a quasi‐3D magnetic‐equivalent‐circuit model is extracted. The accuracy of the analytical model is validated by comparing the results with the FE results. Finally, the effects of the design parameters on electro‐magnetic performance are analytically investigated by studying a 10 kW machine.
Grayscale Ultrasound Radiomic Features and Shear-Wave Elastography Radiomic Features in Benign and Malignant Breast Masses
Authors: Youk Ji Hyun , Kwak Jin Young , Lee Eunjung , Son Eun Ju , Kim Jeong-Ah
Published: November 2019

Purpose To identify and compare diagnostic performance of radiomic features between grayscale ultrasound (US) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) in breast masses.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected 328 pathologically confirmed breast masses in 296 women who underwent grayscale US and SWE before biopsy or surgery. A representative SWE image of the mass displayed with a grayscale image in split-screen mode was selected. An ROI was delineated around the mass boundary on the grayscale image and copied and pasted to the SWE image by a dedicated breast radiologist for lesion segmentation. A total of 730 candidate radiomic features including first-order statistics and textural and wavelet features were extracted from each image. LASSO regression was used for data dimension reduction and feature selection. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent radiomic features, differentiating between benign and malignant masses with calculation of the AUC.

Results Of 328 breast masses, 205 (62.5 %) were benign and 123 (37.5 %) were malignant. Following radiomic feature selection, 22 features from grayscale and 6 features from SWE remained. On univariate analysis, all 6 SWE radiomic features (P < 0.0001) and 21 of 22 grayscale radiomic features (P < 0.03) were significantly different between benign and malignant masses. After multivariate analysis, three grayscale radiomic features and two SWE radiomic features were independently associated with malignant breast masses. The AUC was 0.929 for grayscale US and 0.992 for SWE (P < 0.001).

Conclusion US radiomic features may have the potential to improve diagnostic performance for breast masses, but further investigation of independent and larger datasets is needed.
Prediction of Adnexal Torsion by Ultrasound in Women with Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Bardin Ron , Perl Noga , Mashiach Reuven , Ram Eitan , Orbach-Zinger Sharon , Shmueli Anat , Wiznitzer Arnon , Hadar Eran
Published: November 2019

Purpose To investigate the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion.

Materials and Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of 322 women, presenting to a tertiary medical center with acute abdominal pain, who underwent gynecological examination, sonographic evaluation and laparoscopic surgery, between 2010 and 2016. Findings for adnexal torsion were compared among three groups: positive sonographic findings consistent with surgically confirmed adnexal torsion (true positive, n = 228); negative sonographic findings inconsistent with surgically confirmed adnexal torsion (false negative, n = 42); and positive sonographic findings inconsistent with a surgical diagnosis other than adnexal torsion (false positive, n = 52). Outcome measures were sensitivity and positive predictive value of ultrasound, and its specific features, for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion.

Results The sensitivity of ultrasound for adnexal torsion diagnosis was 84.4 %, and the positive predictive value was 81.4 %. Edematous ovary and/or tube, as well as positive whirlpool sign had the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value. The false-negative group had the highest frequency of ovarian cysts (p = 0.0086) and the lowest frequency of ovarian edema (p < 0.0001). The false-positive group had the lowest proportion of pregnant women (p = 0.0022). Significantly more women in the true-positive group had a prior event of adnexal torsion (p = 0.026).

Conclusion Ultrasound examination is highly accurate in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of demographic and clinical characteristics that may positively or negatively affect sonographic diagnostic accuracy.
Traumatic Posterior Fossa Hematoma, A Rare Entity: Study of 21 Cases
Authors: Bhardwaj Sandeep , Sharma Vinod , Sharma Somnath , Purohit Devendra , Chopra Sanjeev
Published: November 2019

Background Traumatic posterior fossa hematoma is a rare entity. Traumatic posterior fossa hematomas are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and their surgical management remained controversial.

Methods From August 2011 to August 2017, approximately 5,100 patients with head injury were managed. Authors reviewed clinical and radiological findings, management criteria, and outcome of posterior fossa hematoma in 21 patients.

Results Out of 21 cases, 13 survived with our management. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission was higher in favorable group than in poor outcome group. Factors associated with Glasgow Outcome Scale in two groups were status of fourth ventricle, basal cisterns, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), hematoma volume, and their location (hemispheric or midline). Similarly, associated supratentorial lesions, age, gender, lesions in other parts of body, and timing from injury to reporting to hospital were taken into consideration.

Conclusion The factors correlated with patient outcome were age, sex, mode of injury, GCS at admission, associated intracranial hematomas, associated SAH, hematoma volume, hematoma location, basal cisterns, status of fourth ventricle, and associated multiple injuries on other body parts. It is hereby concluded that timely surgical intervention should be employed whenever indicated without delay. Posterior fossa hematomas were rarely observed in the pediatric age group.
PBMCs-Derived microRNA Signature as a Prethrombotic Status Discriminator in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gao Jie , Liu Jia , Zhang Ying , Guan BaoYi , Qu Hua , Chai Hua , Wang WenTing , Ma XiaoJuan , Shi DaZhuo
Published: November 2019

Prethrombotic status (PTS) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) increases the risk of coronary thrombosis. Accumulating evidences have indicated that micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) may serve as promising biomarkers for SCAD patients with PTS. The present study aimed to identify the miRNA signature in SCAD patients with PTS and evaluated their diagnostic significance. In the screening phase, 32 differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected in 35 SCAD patients compared with 5 healthy controls by microarray. MiRNA-gene network analysis was then performed, and 4 DEMs were selected for validation with reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test in an independent cohort comprising 79 SCAD patients and 19 healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, RT-qPCR test verified the upregulations of miR-34a-5p, miR-432–5p, and miR-370–3p detected by microarray; while the upregulation of miR-495–3p measured by RT-qPCR was not consistent with its low expression detected by microarray. Only miR-34a-5p and miR-495–3p were significantly upregulated in the PTS group compared with the non-PTS group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that PBMCs-derived miR-34a-5p and miR-495–3p may discriminate PTS with the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.780 (confidence interval [CI]95% = 0.673–0.866) and 0.712 (CI95% = 0.599–0.808), respectively. The combination of miR-34a-5p and fibrinogen (FIB, a traditional biomarker for PTS) improved AUC to 0.885 (CI95% = 0.793–0.946) and showed added predictive ability compared with FIB, with an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.201 (p < 0.01). Therefore, the combination of miR-34a-5p and FIB may serve as an efficient tool for distinguishing PTS in SCAD patients.
A set of microRNAs coordinately controls tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis
Authors: Michael Iacovos P. , Saghafinia Sadegh , Hanahan Douglas
Published: November 2019

MicroRNA-mediated gene regulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. This study examined the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during tumorigenesis and malignant progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) in a genetically engineered mouse model. Previously, a set of miRNAs was observed to be specifically up-regulated in a highly invasive and metastatic subtype of mouse and human PanNET. Using functional assays, we now implicate different miRNAs in distinct phenotypes: miR-137 stimulates tumor growth and local invasion, whereas the miR-23b cluster enables metastasis. An algorithm, Bio-miRTa, has been developed to facilitate the identification of biologically relevant miRNA target genes and applied to these miRNAs. We show that a top-ranked miR-137 candidate gene,Sorl1, has a tumor suppressor function in primary PanNETs. Among the top targets for the miR-23b cluster,Acvr1c/ALK7has recently been described to be a metastasis suppressor, and we establish herein that it is down-regulated by the miR-23b cluster, which is crucial for its prometastatic activity. Two other miR-23b targets,Robo2andP2ry1, also have demonstrable antimetastatic effects. Finally, we have used the Bio-miRTa algorithm in reverse to identify candidate miRNAs that might regulate activin B, the principal ligand for ALK7, identifying thereby a third family of miRNAs—miRNA-130/301—that is congruently up-regulated concomitant with down-regulation of activin B during tumorigenesis, suggestive of functional involvement in evasion of the proapoptotic barrier. Thus, dynamic up-regulation of miRNAs during multistep tumorigenesis and malignant progression serves to down-regulate distinctive suppressor mechanisms of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on drinking water quality in two Texas cities
Authors: Landsman Matthew R , Rowles Lewis Stetson , Brodfuehrer Samuel H , Maestre Juan P , Kinney Kerry A , Kirisits Mary Jo , Lawler Desmond F , Katz Lynn E
Published: November 2019

Hurricane Harvey devastated large parts of the US Gulf Coast in 2017, and its floodwaters posed a number of threats to the environment and human health. In particular, an estimated 375 000 Texas residents experienced issues related to the provision of safe drinking water at the peak of the hurricane. In this study, physical, chemical, and biological water quality was monitored in two drinking water systems in Texas following Hurricane Harvey to understand the relationship between water quality parameters and changes in the drinking water microbiota. Results show initial surges in total organic carbon, trihalomethanes, and bacterial concentrations in finished water immediately following Hurricane Harvey. Microbial community analyses highlight the dependence of the distribution system microbiota on distribution system characteristics (i.e. water age), raw water quality, and disinfectant residual, among other factors. While both systems had problems maintaining disinfectant residual in the weeks following the hurricane, stabilization of water quality occurred over time. Overall, this study provides an understanding of the challenges associated with maintaining drinking water quality in the wake of a natural disaster and can be used to better prepare drinking water managers and engineers to combat changing weather patterns in the future.
Study on Safety Environment of Highway High Slope Excavation Construction in Civil Engineering
Authors: Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2019

Based on a large number of studies and engineering test, this paper proposes a two-stage evaluation technique for construction safety environment risk assessment of civil engineering slope excavation based on topographic geological conditions and construction environment in civil engineering. In terms of the assignment and practicality of indicators, the basic principles of simple and practical are followed, highlighting the key factors of geological conditions, emphasizing the dynamic supervision of the process, and adopting the height and stability correction coefficient of respecting the empirical model.
Research and prospect on column-column connection of assembled multi-layer steel structure
Authors: Guo D M , Wang Y Q , Yi Y C
Published: November 2019

Assembled steel structure residential houses have the significant advantages of light weight, high strength and a high degree of utilization of space, which is an important development direction of the future residential industry for meeting the strategic needs of China’s “four sections –environmental protection”, sustainable development of the construction industry, and the technical requirements of industrialization of housing construction. This paper reviews and summarizes the current status and research progress on the static performance and seismic performance of fabricated multi-story steel column-column connections, including connection types, tests, finite element analysis, etc. These results provide a reference for the further research work and establishing the design methods on column-column connections in the steel structures, as is expected to promote the application of the column-column connections in China’s steel structure engineering.
The application and research progress of steel structures in construction industrialization
Authors: Peng Yi
Published: November 2019

Building industrialization is the trend for future building industry. The development prospect is promising because of the many advantages of fabricated steel structure. This paper presents an introduction to the fabricated steel structures, including its concept, advantage and main forms in domestic and overseas areas. Besides, the latest researches on the fabricated steel structures were reviewed. Typical cases of assembled buildings with steel-structure were also introduced. The questions and difficulties concerning this issue are also discussed in this paper.
Discussion on the Defense Safety Design Strategies of Building’s Outside Environment Base on Rational Choice Theory——Take Changchun as Example
Authors: Wang Keqi , Wang Qi , Liang Baixue
Published: November 2019

The Rational choice theory is widely used as a framework for understanding, explaining and modeling social and economic behavior of individuals. The outside environment of buildings is one of the most important carrier of some kind of crimes. A proper building’s outside environment can minimise the occurrence of crime. The positivity the accessibility and the visibility of space can affect the occurrence of crime. The paper takes the rational choice theory as foundation and analyzes the relationship between building’s outside environment and crime. And some strategies are put forward on how to improve the quality of building’ s outside environment.
Signal processing techniques for structural health monitoring of super high-rise buildings
Authors: Hu Han , Tang Mengxiong , Li Liejun , Hu Hesong , Qiao Shengfang
Published: November 2019

Along with the accelerating urbanization and the increasing population density, large numbers of super high-rise buildings have been built around the world in the past decades. Together with the successive construction of these buildings, the structural safety issues have received more and more attention from all walks of life. During the operation period of super high-rise buildings, the long-term effects of environmental degradation and abnormal loads usually lead to the occurrence of damages in local areas of the building structure, which after long time accumulation, would inevitably cause the degradation of structural performance, or even structural failures, severely threatening life and property to the country and people. Therefore, various structural damage identification techniques are applied to conduct structural health monitoring (SHM) for super high-rise buildings that under construction and completed in order to discover possible structural damages in time, and carry out safety assessments with disaster warnings for possible dangers and unfavorable conditions of the structures for determination of reasonable and economic maintenance periods. This paper gives a brief review on the existing signal processing techniques used for damage identification and SHM of super high-rise buildings, and further summarizes the future research trend of these techniques.
Research overview on public-private partnership (PPP) project supervision in the field of hydraulic engineering
Authors: Song Xue , Li Wan , Tian Mai Jin
Published: November 2019

As the public-private partnership(PPP) model widely used in the field of hydraulic engineering, the PPP project supervision is particularly important. This paper analyzes the current PPP project supervision and regulation, analyzes the PPP project supervision definition and theory, and summarizes the research progress of PPP project supervision in the field of hydraulic engineering from the perspectives of supervision content, supervision issues and supervision methods.On this basis, together with analyzing the present supervision situation and supervision research present situation of the PPP project in the field of our country hydraulic engineering, this paper explores the limitations of existing research results on the PPP project supervision in the field of hydraulic engineering, and puts forward several further researched areas.
Evaluation of safety management responsibility system for highway maintenance
Authors: Lv Jina , Hong Weiwei , Ding Beiyan , Wang Yuanqing
Published: November 2019

In order to evaluate the implementation effect of highway maintenance safety management responsibility system, this paper constructs a performance evaluation index system of highway maintenance safety management responsibility system based on Hall’s three-dimensional structure theory. The system includes three aspects: organizational effect, economic effect and social service effect. We designed a questionnaire consisting of three parts: implementation survey, implementation effect survey and satisfaction survey, and selected the historical dynamic comparison method to evaluate the implementation effect of the system in Shaanxi Province. The results show that after the implementation of the responsibility system of highway maintenance safety management, the indicators of safety management personnel allocation compliance, the clarity of risk source disposal measures and other indicators have been significantly improved, and the number of casualties and responsible accidents has been significantly reduced. “System” has been recognized and supported by the industry. The evaluation index system constructed in this paper can quantitatively evaluate the implementation effect of the responsibility system of highway maintenance safety management, which is of great significance to improve the level of highway maintenance safety management.
Force and deformation mechanism of great pipe shed advanced support in subway tunnel
Authors: Li Lidan , Liu Dengkai , Zhen Yinghong , Liu Zhaoxiang
Published: November 2019

Taking the construction of a certain section of Guiyang rail transit as an example, the theoretical analysis of the stress conditions and constraints of the pipe shed during tunnel excavation is carried out for the support parameters of the large pipe shed. By analyzing the force of the micro-segment of the pipe shed, bringing the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory formula into the equilibrium equation of the micro-segment, the governing differential equations of the pipe shed at the vault and the non-arch is obtained. Two types of pipe sheds are designed, and the numerical simulation of the tunnel with two structural forms of tunnel with advanced support of large pipe shed is carried out by using MIDAS/GTS NX finite element software, and the displacement and stress of the pipe shed are obtained and the theoretical verification is carried out. By comparing the displacement and vertical stress of the large tubular awning in plan 1 and plan 2, it is concluded that plan 2 is more reasonable and has better bearing capacity.