bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal-Type Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Entity with Review of Literature
Authors: Daga Dhiraj , Dana Rohitashwa , Mutha Shweta ,   Department of Radiotherapy, RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.,   Department of Radiotherapy, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.,   Department of Radiotherapy, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Published: September 2015

Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma accounts for about 3% of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract. It is commonly seen in men in the age group of 55-60 years. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman having extensive disease in the right half of the nasal cavity extending to the dura of the anterior cranial fossa, and the right orbital contents. The patient was given induction chemotherapy to make the condition surgically amenable, but the regression was modest, and hence she has been put on concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.
Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Against Toxicity on the Rat Blood After Chronic Exposure to Carbosulfan
Authors: Dhouib Ines El-Bini , Annabi Alya , Jrad Aicha , Gharbi Najoua , Lasram Mohamed Montassar , El-Fazaa Saloua ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies, Tunis, Tunisia.
Published: September 2015

The present study investigated the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is widely known as an antidote to acetaminophen overdose, on carbosulfan (CB)-induced hematotoxicity and oxidative stress in male rats. CB was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg or simultaneously administered with NAC (2 g/l) for 30 days. Results of hematological examination showed that red blood cells, hematocrite, hemoglobin, and reticulocytes levels were significantly lower in CB-exposed rats compared with those in the control. Administration of CB caused a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. However, the glutathione (GSH) and thiols group (TSH) levels were significantly increased as well as GSH S-transferase activity and levels of glutathione peroxidase on erythrocytes of males rats compared with those in the control. Also, CB-treated rats showed significant elevation in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on erythrocytes in comparison with the control. Co-administration with NAC exhibited chemoprotective effects against CB-mediated hematotoxicity, augmented erythrocyte antioxidant status, and prevented the induction of anemia.
Conservation Management Practices and Rotations for Irrigated Dry Bean Production in Southern Alberta
Authors: Larney Francis J. , Pearson Drusilla C. , Li Lingling , Blackshaw Robert E. , Lupwayi Newton Z.
Published: September 2015

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production on the Canadian prairies has traditionally used wide rows, inter‐row cultivation, and undercutting at harvest. Recent breeding efforts have produced cultivars with more upright growth which are better suited to solid‐seeded narrow‐row production systems. A 12 yr (2000–2011) study compared conservation (CONS) and conventional (CONV) management for dry bean in 3‐ to 6‐yr rotations. The CONS rotations included reduced tillage, cover crops, feedlot manure compost, and solid‐seeded narrow‐row dry bean. Effects of CONS management on plant density were inconsistent with some years showing lower density when seeded into high‐residue conditions. On average, there was a 3 d maturity advantage with CONS (103 d) vs. CONV (106 d) management. The CONS rotations showed significantly higher mean incidence (19%) of white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] than CONV rotations (6%). Averaging across 12 yr, there was no significant rotation effect on yield (P = 0.19) showing that CONS production performed as good as CONV production. In the last 2 yr (2010–2011) of the study, in an attempt to reduce harvest losses, CONS dry bean was undercut rather than direct combined. This led to significantly higher (25%) yield with CONS (3311 kg ha−1) vs. CONV management (2651 kg ha−1). Our results provide incentive for more rapid adoption of conservation‐oriented soil and crop management practices for dry bean production on the Canadian prairies, including narrow rows, reduced tillage, cover crops, and feedlot manure compost addition.
The Effects of Hybrid Relative Maturity on Corn Stover for Ethanol Production and Biomass Composition
Authors: Wilkens Steve , Weimer Paul J. , Lauer Joseph G.
Published: September 2015

Full‐season corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids take advantage of more of the growing season than shorter‐season hybrids often leading to greater grain and biomass yield. Many agronomic experiments aimed at corn stover production have been performed at forage harvest rather than later when stover is normally harvested for biofuel measurements. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of hybrid relative maturity (days RM) on stover ethanol production, ruminant digestibility, and biomass composition. Hybrids selected were high‐yielding commercial grain hybrids grown throughout Wisconsin and ranged from 85 to 115 d RM in 10 d RM increments during 2009, and in 5 d RM increments during 2010. Hybrids were harvested at physiological maturity or after a killing frost. Overall, stover and theoretical ethanol yields increased as RM increased at a linear rate of 0.211 Mg ha−1 RM−1 and 67.1 L ha−1 RM−1. Stover nutritional and biomass composition improved as RM increased, but yield variability was greater than nutritional and biomass compositional variability. Increasing ethanol yields will likely occur by increasing stover yields rather than by altering stover composition. Therefore, until price premiums for stover composition are made available to farmers for ethanol production, the adoption of full‐season or longer maturing hybrids should be implemented for increased stover and ethanol yields.
The numerical thermodynamic analysis of Otto-Miller Cycle (OMC)
Authors: Cakir Mehmet
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis for an irreversible Otto-Miller
Cycle (OMC) by taking into consideration heat transfer effects and internal
irreversibilities resulting from compression and expansion processes. In the
analyses, the influences of the miller cycle ratio, combustion and heat loss
constants and inlet temperature have been investigated relations with
efficiency in dimensionless form. The dimensionless power output and power
density and thermal efficiency relations have been computationally obtained
versus the engine design parameters with respect to combustion and heat
transfer constants. The results demonstrate that the heat transfer and
combustion constants have considerable effects on the cycle thermodynamic
performance. This situation theoretically verified for OMC.
Heat transfer enhancement through PCM thermal storage by use of copper fins
Authors: Rudonja Nedzad , Komatina Mirko , Zivkovic Goran , Antonijevic Dragi
Published: September 2015

Enhancement of heat transfer over a cylinder shaped thermal energy storage
filled by paraffin E53 by use of radial rectangular copper fins was
analyzed. The thermo-physical features of the storage material are
determined in separate experiments and implemented to Fluent software over
UDF. Advanced thermal storage geometry comprehension and optimization
required introduction of a parameter suitable for the analysis of heat
transfer enhancement, so the ratio of heat transfer surfaces as a factor was
proposed and applied. It is revealed that increase of the ratio of heat
transfer surfaces leads to the decrease of melting time and vice versa.
Numerical analysis, employing the 3D model built in Ansys software, observed
storage reservoir geometries with variable number of longitudinal radial
fins. The adjusted set of boundary conditions was carried out and both
written in C language and implemented over UDF in order to define variable
heat flux along the height of the heater. The comparison of acquired
numerical and experimental results showed a strong correlation. Experimental
validation of numerical results was done on the real TES apparatus.
Reliability and Validity of the Measurement of Scapular Position Using the Protractor Method
Authors: O'Shea Aidan , Kelly Rory , Williams Sian , McKenna Leanda
Published: September 2015

Background

The protractor method is a proposed clinical assessment tool, the first to measure vertical scapular position, that directly compares scapular and spinal landmarks. This tool has the potential to reliably and accurately measure excessive scapular elevation or depression.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine reliability and validity of the protractor method to measure resting scapular position.

Design

An interrater and intratester reliability and validity study was conducted.

Methods

Testing was conducted on the same day by 2 physical therapists who were blinded to each other's results. The vertical distances between the spinous process of C7 and the superior margin of the medial aspect of the spine of the scapula (C7 method) and the spinous process of T8 and the inferior angle of the scapula (T8 method) were palpated and measured on the symptomatic shoulder in 34 people with current shoulder pain using the protractor method. Measurements were compared with 2-dimensional camera analysis to assess validity.

Results

For intertester reliability, the standard error of measure, minimal detectable change, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 6.3 mm, 17.3 mm, and .78, respectively, for the C7 method and 5.7 mm, 15.7 mm, and .82, respectively, for the T8 method. For intratester reliability, the standard error of measure, minimal detectable change, and intraclass correlation coefficient were <0.9 mm, <2.5 mm, and .99, respectively. For validity, significant correlations (r) and mean differences were .83 and 10.1 mm, respectively, for the C7 method and .92 and 2.2 mm, respectively, for the T8 method.

Limitation

The results of this study are limited to static measurement of the scapula in one plane.

Conclusion

Both protractor methods were shown to have good reliability and acceptable validity, with the T8 method demonstrating superior clinical utility. The clinical use of the T8 method is recommended for measurement of excessive resting scapular elevation or depression.
Analysis of Pile-Supported Embankments that Considers Compatibility of Soil Settlement and Strain in Load Transfer Platforms
Authors: Byrum Christopher R.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a structural analysis procedure for load transfer platforms reinforced with flexible geogrids–geotextiles and used for pile–column-supported embankments. Design of these systems must consider strain compatibility between the expected settlement of soils between piles combined with the tensile stiffness and deformation of the reinforcements for the load transfer platforms. When relatively small settlements are expected, significantly stiffer reinforcement materials are necessary to transfer greater loads to piles at lower levels of reinforcement strain and settlement. This simplified analysis procedure uses theory on uniformly loaded cables for the calculation of reinforcement elongation and force mobilization caused by deformation occurring between piles, while using site settlement estimates and a specified curve for geogrid–geotextile force versus strain. The analysis procedure considers both a soil-arching load case and a tributary block load case. The procedure allows for rapid estimation of the strength and stiffness requirements of the reinforcements for load transfer platforms and of pile loads for designs. An example problem simulating an embankment 40 ft tall overlying soft soil is provided. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate how variations in pile spacing, embankment height, subsoil compressibility, and reinforcement stiffness affect the predicted behavior of the pile-supported embankment.
Modifying Duncan–Selig Soil Model for Plasticlike Behavior
Authors: Katona Michael G.
Published: September 2015

The variable-modulus Duncan–Selig soil model is very effective in capturing the nonlinear stress–strain behavior of most soils in loading environments, including the softening effect from increased shear stress as well as the stiffening effect from increased confining pressure. Accordingly, the Duncan–Selig model is used in many geotechnical applications, such as construction of culvert installations with incremental layers of soil, for which soil loading is the dominant condition. However, the Duncan–Selig model is a nonlinear elastic formulation that retraces the same stress–strain path upon unloading. Consequently, the model does not predict residual deformation upon unloading. In contrast, plasticity-based soil models are generally less accurate in simulating the nonlinear loading response of soil samples; however, they inherently include permanent deformation if plastic deformation occurs during loading. This paper introduces modifications to the Duncan–Selig model that result in permanent deformations upon unloading similar to those of advanced plasticity models. Although the modifications are based on concepts from incremental plasticity theory, the modified Duncan–Selig model remains a variable-modulus formulation without the need of defining any additional model parameters or evoking a plastic-flow rule. Thus, the large existing database of Duncan–Selig parameters remains valid for the modified formulation. Most important, the modified Duncan–Selig model is shown to satisfy thermodynamic and continuity requirements and to compare very favorably with triaxial and hydrostatic laboratory test data under load–unload–reload conditions. Finally, the modified Duncan–Selig model is used to simulate the effects of soil compaction for an installation of a long-span corrugated-steel culvert.
Influence of Cover Soil Depth on the Load Rating of Reinforced Concrete Box Culverts
Authors: Wood Timothy A. , Lawson William D. , Jayawickrama Priyantha W.
Published: September 2015

This paper describes the influence of cover soil depth on the load rating of the designs of multibarrel, cast-in-place (CIP) reinforced concrete (RC) box culverts and highlights implications for the load rating and design of culvert structures. The basics of culvert load rating are discussed and are followed by a history of culvert design policy and the challenges created by the use of culvert standard designs. A population of Texas Department of Transportation CIP RC standard culvert designs developed between 1930 and 1980 was load rated by using AASHTO policy guidance and a two-dimensional model of direct stiffness structural demand for a full range of cover soil depths. This analysis resulted in a set of 1,081 relationships of load rating versus cover soil depth. Three typical relationships of rating versus depth are illustrated and described in detail. The distribution of characteristic relationships of rating versus depth on the basis of culvert geometry, design cover soil depth, and design era is explored. Cover soil depth is shown to be a critical parameter that must be explicitly considered for the intelligent load rating and design of RC box culverts.
Comparison of Permeability and Clogging Characteristics of Porous Asphalt and Pervious Concrete Pavement Materials
Authors: Fwa T. F. , Lim Emiko , Tan K. H.
Published: September 2015

Porous pavements have been used for many years worldwide because of their unique functional benefits, including improved wet-weather driving safety, reduced tire–pavement noise, lower peak flow load of road drainage systems, and replenishment of groundwater supplies. These benefits are derived from the relatively high porosity and permeability of the porous pavement layers. In the design of a porous pavement, two key considerations are its drainage capacity and its ability to retain the drainage capacity during its service life. In this research, which used a permeability coefficient as the drainage capacity parameter, a laboratory study was performed to examine the drainage and clogging characteristics of two common forms of porous materials used in porous pavement construction, namely porous asphalt and pervious concrete. The experimental program considered four target porosity levels for each of the two pavement materials: 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Clogging was created by introducing clogging materials progressively into the porous materials tested. A constant-head test was employed to determine the permeability coefficients of the porous materials at stages of the clogging test, and the clogging performance was determined by monitoring the reductions in the permeability coefficient as clogging developed. Both porous asphalt and pervious concrete showed significant gains in permeability and clogging resistance when the porosity was raised beyond 20%. The test results also showed that, at any given level of porosity within the range of porosity levels studied, pervious concrete produced higher permeability and better clogging resistance than porous asphalt.
Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases
Authors: Ma Yi , Li Yan-feng , Wang Quan-cai , Wang Bin , Huang Hai-tao
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

The object of this study was to investigate the immediate and long-term follow-up results of glossopharyngeal nerve rhizotomy (GPNR) with or without partial vagus nerve rhizotomy (VNR) for treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN).

METHODS

A retrospective review of the case notes of patients who had undergone surgery for GPN in the authors’ department between 2008 and 2013 was performed to investigate baseline characteristics and immediate outcomes during the hospitalization. For the long-term results, a telephone survey was performed, and information on pain recurrence and permanent complications was collected. Pain relief meant no pain or medication, any pain persisting after surgery was considered to be treatment failure, and any pain returning during the follow-up period was considered to be pain recurrence. For comparative study, the patients were divided into 2 cohorts, that is, patients treated with GPNR alone and those treated with GPNR+VNR.

RESULTS

One hundred three procedures, consisting of GPNR alone in 38 cases and GPNR+VNR in 65 cases, were performed in 103 consecutive patients with GPN. Seventy-nine of the 103 patients could be contacted for the follow-up study, with a mean follow-up duration of 2.73 years (range 1 month–5.75 years). While there were similar results (GPNR vs GPNR+VNR) in immediate pain relief rates (94.7% vs 93.8%), immediate complication rates (7.9% vs 4.6%), and long-term pain relief rates (92.3% vs 94.3%) between the 2 cohorts, a great difference was seen in long-term complications (3.8% vs 35.8%). The long-term complication rate for the combined GPNR+VNR cohort was 9.4 times higher than that in the GPNR cohort.

There was no operative or perioperative mortality. Immediate complications occurred in 6 cases, consisting of poor wound healing in 3 cases, and CSF leakage, hoarseness, and dystaxia in 1 case each. Permanent complications occurred in 20 patients (25.3%) and included cough while drinking in 10 patients, pharyngeal discomfort in 8 patients, and hoarseness and dysphagia in 1 case each.

CONCLUSIONS

In general, this study indicates that GPNR alone or in combination with VNR is a safe, simple, and effective treatment option for GPN. It may be especially valuable for patients who are not suitable for the microvascular decompression (MVD) procedure and for surgeons who have little experience with MVD. Of note, this study renews the significance of GPNR alone, which, the authors believe, is at least valuable for a subgroup of GPN patients, with significantly fewer long-term complications than those for rhizotomy for both glossopharyngeal nerve and rootlets of the vagus nerve.
Comparative analysis of endoscopic third ventriculostomy trajectories in pediatric cases
Authors: Zador Zsolt , Coope David J. , Kamaly-Asl Ian D.
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become a widely used method for CSF diversion when treating obstructive hydrocephalus. There are multiple recommendations on the transcortical ETV entry points, and some are specifically designed to provide a trajectory that avoids displacement to the eloquent periventricular structures. However, the morphology of the ventricular system is highly variable in hydrocephalus, and therefore a single best ETV trajectory may not be applicable to all cases. In the current study, 3 frequently quoted ETV entry points are compared in a cohort of pediatric cases with different degrees of ventriculomegaly.

METHODS

The images of 30 consecutive pediatric patients with varying degrees of ventriculomegaly were reviewed. Three-dimensional models were created using radiological analysis of anatomical detail and preoperative MRI scans in order to simulate 3 frequently quoted ETV trajectories for rigid neuroendoscopes. These trajectories were characterized based on the frequency and depth of tissue displacement to structures such as the fornix, caudate nucleus, genu of the internal capsule, and thalamus. The results are stratified based on ventricle size using the frontal horn ratio (FHR).

RESULTS

Eloquent areas were displaced in nearly all analyzed entry points (97%–100%). Stratifying the data based on ventricle size revealed that 1) lateral structures were more likely to be displaced in cases of intermediate ventriculomegaly (FHR < 0.4) using all 3 trajectories, whereas 2) the fornix was less likely to be displaced using more posteriorly placed trajectories for severe ventriculomegaly (FHR > 0.4). Allowing for minimal (2.4 mm) tissue displacement, a more posterior entry point was less traumatic for severe ventriculomegaly.

CONCLUSIONS

There is no single best ETV trajectory that fully avoids displacement of the eloquent periventricular structures. Larger ventricles require a more posteriorly placed entry point in order to reduce injury to the eloquent structures, and intermediate ventricles would dictate a medial entry point. These results suggest that the optimal entry point should be selected on a case-by-case basis after incorporating ventricle size.
Team Composition Issues for Future Space Exploration: A Review and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Bell Suzanne T. , Brown Shanique G. , Abben Daniel R. , Outland Neal B.
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Future space exploration, such as a mission to Mars, will require space crews to live and work in extreme environments unlike those of previous space missions. Extreme conditions such as prolonged confinement, isolation, and expected communication time delays will
require that crews have a higher level of interpersonal compatibility and be able to work autonomously, adapting to unforeseen challenges in order to ensure mission success. Team composition, or the configuration of member attributes, is an important consideration for maximizing crewmember
well-being and team performance.METHODS: We conducted an extensive search to find articles about team composition in long-distance space exploration (LDSE)-analogue environments, including a search of databases, specific relevant journals, and by contacting authors who publish in
the area.RESULTS: We review the team composition research conducted in analogue environments in terms of two paths through which team composition is likely to be related to LDSE mission success, namely by 1) affecting social integration, and 2) the team processes and emergent states
related to team task completion.DISCUSSION: Suggestions for future research are summarized as: 1) the need to identify ways to foster unit-level social integration within diverse crews; 2) the missed opportunity to use team composition variables as a way to improve team processes,
emergent states, and task completion; and 3) the importance of disentangling the effect of specific team composition variables to determine the traits (e.g., personality, values) that are associated with particular risks (e.g., subgrouping) to performance.Bell ST, Brown SG, Abben DR, Outland
NB. Team composition issues for future space exploration: a review and directions for future research. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):548–556.
AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: In-Flight Medical Care
Authors: Thibeault Claude , Evans Anthony D. , Pettyjohn Frank S. , Alves Paulo M.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. All airlines are required to provide first aid training for cabin crew, and the crew are responsible for managing any
in-flight medical events. There are also regulatory requirements for the carriage of first aid and medical kits. AsMA has developed recommendations for first aid kits, emergency medical kits, and universal precaution kits.Thibeault C, Evans AD, Pettyjohn FS, Alves PM. AsMA medical guidelines
for air travel: In-flight medical care. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):572–573.
AsMA Medical Guidelines for Air Travel: Reported In-Flight Medical Events and Death
Authors: Thibeault Claude , Evans Anthony D.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel provide information that enables healthcare providers to properly advise patients who plan to travel by air. Although there are no publicly available databases providing information on the number of in-flight medical emergencies,
the few studies published in the literature indicate that they are uncommon. Minor illnesses such as near-fainting, dizziness, and hyperventilation occur more frequently. However, serious illnesses, such as seizures and myocardial infarction, also occur. In-flight deaths are also rare.Thibeault
C, Evans AD. AsMA medical guidelines for air travel: Reported in-flight medical events and death. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):571.
Spatial Pattern of Eye Fixations and Evidence of Ultradian Rhythms in Aircraft Pilots
Authors: Di Nocera Francesco , Ranvaud Ronald , Pasquali Vittorio
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Eye fixations can be distributed in three ways: randomly, in clusters, and regularly. However, there is always a continuum among these types, because these spatial patterns are the result of a process evolving over time. The focus of the present work was to study
the changes over time observed in the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI), an index derived from the spatial distribution of eye fixations that has been reported to be sensitive to variations in mental workload. Of particular interest are periodic changes in the ultradian timescale (an ultradian
rhythm is a recurrent period or cycle repeated throughout a 24-h circadian day).METHODS: Data from a previously reported experiment were further analyzed using temporal spectral analysis, which is one of the most commonly used techniques for studying measurements collected at regularly
spaced intervals of time.RESULTS: An ultradian rhythm with a periodicity between 2 and 15 min was found, which is compatible with results obtained by analyzing reaction times in prolonged vigilance tasks.DISCUSSION: The identification of a periodicity in the allocation
of mental resources should be considered in the design of automation support that is dynamically matched to mental workload.Di Nocera F, Ranvaud R, Pasquali V. Spatial pattern of eye fixations and evidence of ultradian rhythms in aircraft pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(7):647–651.
Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Michael Alex P. , Marshall-Bowman Karina
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Although once a widely speculated about and largely theoretical topic, spaceflight-induced intracranial hypertension has gained acceptance as a distinct clinical phenomenon, yet the underlying physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. In the past, many
terms were used to describe the symptoms of malaise, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo, though longer duration spaceflights have increased the prevalence of overlapping symptoms of headache and visual disturbance. Spaceflight-induced visual pathology is thought to be a manifestation of increased
intracranial pressure (ICP) because of its similar presentation to cases of known intracranial hypertension on Earth as well as the documentation of increased ICP by lumbar puncture in symptomatic astronauts upon return to gravity. The most likely mechanisms of spaceflight-induced increased
ICP include a cephalad shift of body fluids, venous outflow obstruction, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and disruption to CSF flow. The relative contribution of increased ICP to the symptoms experienced during spaceflight is currently unknown, though other factors recently posited to contribute
include local effects on ocular structures, individual differences in metabolism, and the vasodilator effects of carbon dioxide. This review article attempts to consolidate the literature regarding spaceflight-induced intracranial hypertension and distinguish it from other pathologies with
similar symptomatology. It discusses the proposed physiological causes and the pathological manifestations of increased ICP in the spaceflight environment and provides considerations for future long-term space travel. In the future, it will be critical to develop countermeasures so that astronauts
can participate at their peak potential and return safely to Earth.Michael AP, Marshall-Bowman K. Spaceflight-induced intracranial hypertension. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(6):557–562.
The White Australia Policy, the British Empire, and the World
Authors: Atkinson David C.
Published: September 2015

This article recovers the essential imperial and international context of the Immigration Restriction Act in 1901, and argues that the foundational deliberations that produced the White Australia Policy cannot be fully understood without attention to that global perspective. Indeed, the real and potential imperial and international implications of Asian restriction dominated the parliamentary debates and influenced the policy's character and application from the outset. The debate was not about whether to implement a restrictive immigration regime, it was about how to implement that regime, a calculus suffused with a range of imperial and international considerations. This paper therefore argues that the White Australia Policy was a consciously and deliberately imperial and international act that imparted a distinctly global inflection to the Australian nation building project at its inception.
Le processus relationnel de groupe : avancées pour un modèle de psychothérapie de groupe en analyse transactionnelle
Authors: Erskine Richard , Blondel Agnès
Published: September 2015

Cet article présente quelques principes de la psychothérapie relationnelle de groupe. Son développement a été influencé par plusieurs modèles, dont la thérapie par le groupe, la thérapie par l’interprétation, la thérapie en groupe ou encore la thérapie de groupe. On décrira la dialectique entre l’approche par le feedback et l’approche centrée sur la personne en thérapie de groupe, puis on proposera l’intégration de ces modèles. La psychothérapie relationnelle de groupe insiste sur le pouvoir de guérison des relations entre membres du groupe, sur l’importance du questionnement phénoménologique, de l’harmonisation affective, de la validation, du respect, de l’identification et des besoins relationnels de chacun. Entre autres choses, l’animateur doit stimuler un dialogue de plein contact et sensibiliser aux besoins humains ainsi qu’aux relations saines.
Le mouvement du rétablissement : un développement significatif pour le champ du counselling et de la psychothérapie
Authors: Ellingham Ivan , Grisart Jacques
Published: September 2015

Ivan Ellingham met en évidence que le mouvement du rétablissement partage les valeurs et les principes fondamentaux du counselling/psychothérapie selon l’Approche centrée sur la personne. Pour étayer son propos, il fait ici référence autant à une ample littérature traitant du mouvement du rétablissement qu’aux écrits de Rogers. S’appuyant sur ces valeurs et objectifs communs, il soutient que le counselling/psychothérapie, et non la psychiatrie, oriente de façon plus adéquate l’élaboration de programmes pour les personnes qui sont amenées à se rétablir de troubles mentaux sévères.
Les conditions thérapeutiques de Rogers : une conceptualisation relationnelle
Authors: Tudor Keith , Stora Nicole , Ducroux-Biass Françoise
Published: September 2015

Une certaine confusion persiste dans la littérature centrée sur la personne au sujet des conditions thérapeutiques élaborées par Rogers. Cet article positionne les conditions dans une perspective relationnelle et clarifie ce que Rogers a présenté dans ses différents écrits sur les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes à la relation thérapeutique, en particulier dans ses articles fondamentaux de 1957 et de 1959. L’auteur soutient que la tendance à ne considérer que les trois « conditions nodales » relevant spécifiquement du thérapeute crée une distorsion de la théorie et de l’application de la thérapie centrée sur la personne. Il examine les erreurs d’interprétation que cela induit et montre l’importance de considérer les six conditions comme un ensemble non réductible.
Violence, haine et honte
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: September 2015

À partir de plusieurs terrains en Afrique de l’Ouest et Asie du Sud-Est, cet article vise à étager les affects de honte et de haine qui ne manquent pas de s’exaspérer lorsque le sujet, naguère mis en dehors du lien social par des violences sociales et politiques, se retrouve convié à retrouver assise dans les fils d’un dialogue possible au sein duquel se reconfigurent les logiques des légitimités, des affiliations et des filiations.
Les figures de la haine et les jeunes des quartiers populaires
Authors: Bordet Joëlle
Published: September 2015

En référence aux élaborations menées avec Ph. Gutton sur l’inspiration démocratique à l’adolescence, nous proposons d’analyser les dynamiques de la colère à l’adolescence et sa cristallisation dans la haine chez certains jeunes ou « anciens » jeunes des quartiers populaires. Nous verrons comment cette haine peut alors être instrumentalisée par des pouvoirs à visée clientéliste ou intégriste.
Etre frère ou sœur d’une personne autiste
Authors: Claudel Stéphanie , Claudon Philippe
Published: September 2015

Les auteurs proposent une réflexion sur le vécu des fratries de personnes autistes, et s’interrogent sur l’empreinte de ce contexte autistique au niveau du processus de subjectivation à l’adolescence. L’analyse est centrée sur la structuration de l’image du corps et sur l’évolution des investissements narcissico-objectaux en fonction des possibilités de différenciation subjective eu égard à l’environnement familial. Des pistes de recherche et perspectives de prévention sont énoncées en conclusion.
Fonctions idéalisante, sublimatoire et masochique des processus pervers
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie , Roques Marjorie
Published: September 2015

Nous avons choisi d’éclairer la problématique de la sexuation à l’adolescence à partir des processus pervers et plus particulièrement du masochisme. La mobilisation des processus pervers tentent de négocier des fantasmes de séduction, lesquels restent surchargés par des réalités traumatiques comme l’inceste et la mort. Nous nous proposons d’articuler perversion et sublimation versus idéalisation.
La voix blanche de Kurt Cobain ou les accents mélancoliques de la musique grunge
Authors: Givre Philippe
Published: September 2015

Tout en soulignant comment le groupe Nirvana a réussi à cristalliser le mal-être et la fureur latente de toute une génération adolescente, l’auteur s’attarde sur l’influence très particulière jouée par les tonalités mélancoliques de la voix de Kurt Cobain. Si cette voix blanche a grandement contribué aux pouvoirs d’auto-affectation et de captation qui émanaient des mélodies musicales de ce groupe grunge , elle n’aura pas été sans lien avec la présence cachée d’un compagnon imaginaire, Boddah , lequel aura pris une part active dans la destinée fatale de l’artiste.
La prison, la police et le quartier. Gouvernement urbain et illégalismes populaires à Yaoundé
Authors: Morelle Marie
Published: September 2015

Cet article propose de discuter de la construction politique et sociale de la population pénale à Yaoundé, capitale du Cameroun, plus largement de la gestion des illégalismes en ville. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse d’une série de données collectées sur la population détenue de la prison centrale de Yaoundé permet de formuler l’hypothèse d’une sous-représentation des détenus condamnés pour revente de cannabis, au regard des divers motifs d’incarcération. C’est pourquoi, dans un deuxième temps, l’analyse se décentre de l’étude de la prison en tant que telle pour privilégier celle du quotidien de plusieurs dealers de quartiers populaires de Yaoundé. En retraçant les itinéraires et les stratégies de revendeurs de cannabis, il s’agit de comprendre quels sont les modes de négociations permettant l’exercice et la pérennité d’une telle activité. Dès lors, il paraît possible de resituer le rôle de la prison au sein du système pénal eu égard à celui d’autres institutions intervenant en amont de la prison : la justice et surtout la police et la gendarmerie. Du quartier à la prison, cet article revient sur les manières de gouverner la ville, dans le cadre d’un dispositif de pouvoir où entrent en tension la loi, différentes normes (professionnelles, sociales), des stratégies et des tactiques des habitants permettant, à divers degrés, des formes de transgressions. L’analyse a pour objectif de montrer comment des processus d’assujettissement s’expriment et se développent à travers une multitude de sites comme d’institutions : la prison, le commissariat ou la brigade de quartier notamment.
Who built what at Mont Saint-Michel during the 10 th Century ?
Authors: Gandy George
Published: September 2015

En dépit d’un contexte riche d’incertitudes, cet article propose des hypothèses concernant des dates approximatives pour les deux phases de construction de la chapelle de Notre-Dame-sous-Terre : vers 930-950 pour la phase 1 et, pour la phase 2, peu après l’incendie des environs de 992. L’auteur réexamine aussi la nature des bâtiments dont Paul Gout en 1908 a découvert des fondations à l’est de Notre-Dame-sous-Terre. L’opinion la plus répandue, à savoir que les bénédictins avaient construit là leur première abbatiale, est peu convaincante. Comme Gout lui-même l’a soutenu, il est plus probable que ce sont des traces de leurs premiers bâtiments conventuels. Enfin, l’auteur propose que la structure basilicale identifiée par Marc Déceneux comme « la chapelle de l’an Mil » ait plutôt eu un emploi profane : peut-être un palais ducal, construit par Richard I er en prévision des mariages dynastiques entre les familles ducales de la Normandie et de la Bretagne qui furent célébrés au Mont vers l’an Mil.
Dédicaces de Phrygie à Zeus Alsènos au Medelhavsmuseet de Stockholm
Authors: Mühlenbock Christian , Bru Hadrien , Lafli Ergün
Published: September 2015

Grâce à un don privé, le Medelhavsmuseet de Stockholm possède dans ses collections plusieurs objets dédiés à Zeus Alsènos, une divinité de Phrygie très populaire aux ii e et iii e  s. de n. ère, notamment aux alentours des carrières de marbre de Dokimeion. Il s’agit surtout de stèles votives, mais un rare objet votif en marbre représentant manifestement un pic de carrier fut également dédié, en grec, à la divinité locale.
L’enfant comme levier du développement : régulation sociale par les politiques sur l’enfance en Colombie
Authors: Borda Carulla Susana
Published: September 2015

Cet article s’intéresse à la mise en œuvre d’un programme pour l’instauration de garderies pour les populations vulnérables cogérées par l’État et la communauté en Colombie : les foyers communautaires. La traduction qui est faite du principe de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant, article clé de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant dans la constitution colombienne encourage la formulation de politiques nationales qui érigent l’enfant en « levier » du développement économique et social. L’ethnographie d’une association de foyers communautaires à Ciudad Bolívar, une communauté urbaine pauvre de la périphérie de Bogotá, montre que ceux-ci constituent un point de confrontation entre l’État et la communauté. Pour l’État colombien comme pour les femmes de Ciudad Bolívar, la figure de l’enfant vulnérable est une véritable source de pouvoir. La question de savoir dans quelle mesure ce pouvoir bénéficie, ou non, à l’enfant, reste cependant ouverte.
Vulnerability and agency: figures of child soldiers within the narratives of child protection practitioners in the Democratic republic of Congo
Authors: Bodineau Sylvie
Published: September 2015

Depuis la publication du rapport de Graça Machel sur les conséquences des conflits armés sur les enfants adressé au secrétaire général des Nations unies en 1996, le recrutement et l’utilisation des mineurs, communément appelés « enfants soldats », par des forces et groupes armés a été identifié comme une pratique liée aux nouvelles formes de guerre. Ces enfants sont alors devenus une catégorie vulnérable, cible d’interventions de protection dans le cadre humanitaire. Plusieurs documents définissent le terme « enfant soldat », mais quelles sont les représentations sous-jacentes à cette notion dans les politiques de protection de l’enfance ? En particulier, comment les représentations de l’enfant vulnérable, sujet de droits, s’articulent-elles avec les représentations locales de l’enfance ? Qu’en est-il en cas de conflit ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions à partir de l’analyse des documents de référence des acteurs de protection de l’enfant en République démocratique du Congo entre 1996 et 2011.
L’évangélisation des enfants par les ONG confessionnelles en Côte d’Ivoire : entre aide humanitaire et développement moral
Authors: LeBlanc Marie Nathalie , Koenig Boris
Published: September 2015

Les ONG confessionnelles qui orientent exclusivement leurs actions vers les enfants occupent une place croissante dans l’espace public en Côte d’Ivoire depuis le conflit politique et militaire de 2002. Tout en ne s’inscrivant pas nécessairement dans la logique développementaliste des déclarations et conventions relatives aux droits des enfants, elles s’approprient souvent leur savoir-faire technique. Catholiques, évangéliques ou musulmanes, elles mêlent dans leurs projets diverses formes d’aide humanitaire et de prosélytisme. À partir d’enquêtes de terrain ethnographiques réalisées à Abidjan en 2011-2013, l’article analyse la place de l’éducation formelle dans les programmes des ONG catholiques et islamiques, tandis que les ONG évangéliques recourent à une conjonction subtile de cadeaux, de jeux et d’évangélisation pour atteindre leurs objectifs.
Marques corporelles : le pousse-à-l’Un dans la psychose
Authors: Gaspard Jean-Luc , Hamon Romuald , Abelhauser Alain , Da Silva Junior Nelson
Published: September 2015

La généralisation des pratiques de marquage de corps interroge aussi bien sur le rapport du sujet aux discours dominants que sur les fonctions psychiques qu’elles remplissent. Nombre de jeunes et d’adultes, en effet, investissent les différentes formes de marquage du corps, transformant ce dernier en une surface privilégiée pour supporter les insignes du sujet. Issue d’une recherche internationale, cette étude questionne la passion pour les coupures dans le corps à des fins narcissiques. Elle précise les diverses solutions par lesquelles le psychotique tente, en usant de la marque, de pallier l’inconsistance de son identité mais aussi de remédier à la précarité de son assise existentielle et de son inscription dans le lien social. Cet article présente les caractéristiques cliniques et les limites d’une solution auto-thérapeutique originale, très peu commentée en psychopathologie.
La psychothérapie en Espagne en 2014
Authors: Labrador Francisco Javier , Fernandez-Hermida Jose Ramón , Crespo Maria
Published: September 2015

En Espagne, la psychothérapie n’est pas reconnue comme relevant d’une profession, et le titre de psychothérapeute n’est pas reconnu par la loi. Les activités spécifiques de la psychothérapie sont reconnues légalement comme étant des activités professionnelles propres aux psychologues cliniciens. Deux titres liés à la psychologie permettent l’exercice de la profession dans les domaines de la santé : « Psychologue général de la santé » (PGS) et « Psychologue spécialiste en psychologie clinique » (PSPC). Ces professionnels doivent utiliser seulement les traitements qui ont démontré empiriquement leur efficacité, leur effectivité et leur efficience, soit les traitements validés sur des données empiriques. Environ 37 % des psychologues cliniciens en Espagne travaillent dans le secteur public. Le Collège officiel des psychologues a toujours collaboré avec la Fédération européenne des associations de psychologues (EFPA) au développement de la psychothérapie, et 2 473 psychologues d’Espagne sont déjà certifiés par Europsy en psychothérapie.
La psychologie clinique et l’exercice de la psychothérapie et du counseling en Belgique : vers une articulation pratique-recherche permettant des soins de santé mentale accessibles, éthiques et efficaces
Authors: Brison Céline , Van Broeck Nady , Zech Emmanuelle
Published: September 2015

En Belgique, comme dans les autres pays européens, les psychologues, les professionnels, qui exercent la psychothérapie et tous les professionnels de la relation d’aide, jouent un rôle important dans les soins de santé. À travers un large champ de services de santé, ces professions interviennent, tant dans l’évaluation et le diagnostic de problématiques sociales et psychologiques que, dans les soins qui sont fournis. Pourtant, la Belgique peine à légiférer dans ce domaine. Différents enjeux fondamentaux poussent à se positionner rapidement sur la question : l’accessibilité aux soins, la protection du patient, le développement de nouvelles pratiques et le développement de recherches pertinentes, issues des questionnements et de la pratique de terrain. Cet article dresse un portrait de l’état de la situation et fait la proposition pour une une meilleure reconnaissance légale des différentes expertises, en particulier de la pratique du counseling .
Pour une clinique de la souffrance au travail
Authors: Dejours Christophe
Published: September 2015

C. Dejours rappelle d’abord la spécificité de la méthode clinique, telle qu’il la conçoit dans le contexte du travail et qui consiste à articuler dans le cadre d’une expérience partagée le rapport individuel et intersubjectif de chacun au travail et la dimension collective de l’organisation des tâches. C’est cette mise en confrontation/délibération entre les expériences individuelles qui permet d’accéder au réel du travail . L’expérience du réel et de sa résistance est d’abord une expérience affective, une expérience de souffrance qui n’est pas forcément une fatalité dans la mesure où elle permet de mettre à jour des potentialités d’intelligence et de plaisir au travail. L’attention va être dès lors apportée aux aspects organisationnels qui font obstacle à cette promesse d’accomplissement, voire qui génèrent des pathologies mentales en rapport avec le travail. C’est en particulier toute la question de l’évaluation individualisée des performances qui est posée. La demande adressée au psychologue, la clinique du travail ont gagné en intensité du fait même de la déstructuration du monde du travail. Pour autant et sans ambitionner de venir à bout des systèmes de dominations, sont esquissées quelques pistes qui indiqueraient une meilleure prise en compte de la question du travail dans l’espace public.