bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Фазовые переходы в гафнате свинца в условиях высокого давления
Authors: Parisiades P. , Князева М.А. , Андроникова Д.А. , Литягин Г.А. , Бронвальд Ю.А. , Majchrowski A. , Roleder K. , Филимонов A.B. , Бурковский Р.Г.
Published: September 2019

Phase transitions in lead hafnate (PbHfO3) at high temperature and high pressure were studied by single-crystal diffraction and diffuse scattering of synchrotron radiation, using heated diamond anvil cell. Measurements were carried out in the temperature range 182 ° С <T <316 ° C and the pressure range 1.6 GPa <P <2.6 GPa. Four areas, characterized by different patterns of diffraction, have been identified on temperature increase, corresponding to antiferroelectric phase, a set of modulated phases, and two phases with distortions of the oxygen sublattice. In the lower-temperature phase of the latter two, a temperature-dependent diffuse scattering maximum is observed. It corresponds to a non-zero wave vector, and indicates the possible nature of the transition to the modulated phase as a transition due to condensation of an incommensurate soft mode.
Энергия фононов и нулевых колебаний в сжатых кристаллических инертных газах
Authors: Троицкая Е.П. , Пилипенко Е.А. , Горбенко Е.Е.
Published: September 2019

A dynamic matrix of rare-gas crystals is constructed on the basis of a nonempirical short-range repulsion potential taking into account the three-body interaction and dipole-type deformation of the electron shells of atoms in the two- and three-body approximations in the model of deformable and polorizable atoms. Ab initio calculations of the phonon energy for compressed rare-gas crystals were performed at the two and ten mean-value points of the Chadi-Cohen method in a wide pressure range. It is shown that the contribution of three-body forces associated with the overlap of the electron shells of nearest-neighbor atoms in the phonon frequencies is small against the background of pair interaction, even at high pressure and most noticeable in Xe. The contribution of the deformation of the electron shells in the two- and three-body approximations is different for the different mean-value points and increases with increasing pressure. Comparison of the zero-point energy calculated by the Chadi-Cohen method for compressed crystals of the Ne–Xe series was performed with the available experiment at p=0 and the results of other authors.
Процессы переноса заряда в легировaнном натрием углеродном композите на основе фуллеренов и терморасширенного графита
Authors: Берёзкин В.И.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe results of doping of a carbon composite material, in which fullerenes are located in a conductive matrix based on thermally exfoliated graphite, with a sodium dopant are presented. Charge transfer processes taking place in samples with different initial ratios of components are studied. It turns out that the electrical resistivity of the samples increases with the introduction of sodium and an increase in its content, since the mobility of the main charge carriers, which are holes as in the undoped material, decreases. The concentration of charge carriers in different types of samples varies in both directions and can increase by more than an order of magnitude. It is concluded that Na plays an ambiguous role. It can contribute not only to the generation of free electrons, but also to an additional increase in the concentration of various defects that can generate free holes and can affect, being effective traps and scattering centers, all types of charge carriers.
Детально-сравнительный анализ взаимодействия сверхзвукового потока с поперечной газовой струей при больших параметрах нерасчетности
Authors: Бекетаева А.О. , Bruel P. , Найманова А.Ж.
Published: September 2019

The interaction of the spatial supersonic turbulent gas flow with a sound jet injected perpendicularly was widely studied both numerically and experimentally. However, there are only a few studies of the detail analysis of the formation and distribution of vortex structures from moderate till high pressure ratio (the ratio of pressure in the jet to pressure in the main flow).The aim of this paper is the study and identify the system of the vortex forming behind the injected sound jet in a transverse supersonic flow from the point of view of the mixing efficiency. For that the three-dimensional Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with the turbulence model are solved numerically on the basis of the third-order ENO scheme. The three-dimensional Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, coupled with the turbulence model are solved numerically on the basis of the third-order ENO scheme. The presence of well known vortex structures are shown: two oppositely rotating vortices in front of the jet; horseshoe vortex; two pairs of the vortex in the mixing zone of the jet and the main flow, where one of them is located in the wake behind the jet and other in the lateral line of the jet. Also, the pressure ratio parameters are determined at which the additional pairs of vortices appear. Where, the first of them is formed on the edge of the Mach disk as a result of the interaction of the decelerated jet flow behind the Mach disk with the high-speed ascending flow behind the barrel. And, the second is due to the interaction of the ascending jet flow with the main gas flow. As a result of comparative analysis the criterion of the pressure ratio parameters are found under which a clear picture of additional horn vortices is observed near the wall in the region behind the jet. The graph of the dependence of the angle of inclination of the bow shock wave on the parameter of pressure ratio is obtained. Satisfactory agreement of the pressure distribution on the wall in front of the jet in the symmetry plane with experimental data is established.
Структурная трактовка изменения свойств нанокомпозитов полимер/углеродные нанотрубки у порога перколяции нанонаполнителя
Authors: Козлов Г.В. , Долбин И.В.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe structure of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites can be characterized by the dimension of the nanofiller network, which is a direct indicator of its aggregation level. The formation process of such a network is considered as a result of interaction of the matrix polymer and a carbon nanotube; which allows us to determine its dimension with the help of fractal analysis. It is found that the dimension of the carbon nanotube network changes both qualitatively and quantitatively at their percolation threshold, reflecting different aggregation levels. This dimension uniquely determines the degree of reinforcement of such nanocomposites and their structural state as a system.
Комбинационное рассеяние света в хирально чистых и рацемической фазах поликристаллов триптофана и тирозина
Authors: Горелик В.С. , Умаров М.Ф. , Войнов Ю.П.
Published: September 2019

AbstractRaman spectra of tryptophan and tyrosine polycrystals have been analyzed in a wide spectral range by fiber-optic spectroscopy. The Raman spectra have been recorded with a BWS465-785H spectrometer in the spectral range of 0–2700 cm^–1 using a 785-nm cw laser as an excitation source. Parameters of the Raman spectra are compared for three crystalline phase modifications of aromatic amino acids: left-handed, right-handed, and racemic phase. The presence of strong Raman satellites, the characteristics of which change depending on the type of the chiral phase state of amino acid, is found in the low-frequency Raman spectra of tryptophan and tyrosine amino acid lattices. The results obtained can be used for monitoring the chiral purity of bioactive preparations containing amino acids.
Аппаратно-алгоритмическое обеспечение корреляционного детектирования в голографических датчиках волнового фронта
Authors: Ручка П.А. , Вереникина Н.М. , Гриценко И.В. , Злоказов Е.Ю. , Ковалев М.С. , Красин Г.К. , Одиноков С.Б. , Сцепуро Н.Г.
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn algorithm that automatically calculates aberrations in the holographic wavefront sensor scheme previously proposed by the authors is described, which enables measuring aberrations by means of iterative generation of holograms on a phase spatial light modulator (SLM). The practical implementation of this algorithm on the basis of the feedback of the camera and SLM is given. Using the proposed algorithm, defocusing was measured with an accuracy of λ/160.
Методика измерения параметров вогнутых крупногабаритных асферических зеркал с помощью датчика волнового фронта
Authors: Пискунов Т.С. , Барышников Н.В. , Животовский И.В. , Сахаров А.А. ,  Соколовский В.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractA methodology has been developed for measuring radius R _v and eccentricity (conic parameter k ) of large concave aspherical mirrors using a wavefront sensor. Analytical expressions that directly relate Zernike coefficients a _4 and a _9 to parameters R _v and k of the mirror are obtained. It is shown that the technique does not require accurate mirror alignment before measurements. A computer analysis showed that the developed scheme enables measurements with errors of δ R _v < 0.1% and δ k < 0.01 for mirrors with radii from 100 to 2000 mm and with errors of δ R _v < 0.01% and δ k < 0.001 for mirrors with radii of more than 5000 mm.
Дифракция света на ультразвуке в пространственно периодическом акустическом поле
Authors: Балакший В.И. , Купрейчик М.И. , Манцевич С.Н.
Published: September 2019

AbstractCharacteristic features of anisotropic light diffraction in a spatially periodic acoustic field created by a sectioned piezoelectric transducer with antiphase excitation of adjacent sections are studied theoretically. The numerical calculation is carried out for a cell of a paratellurite crystal with a shear acoustic mode propagating at an angle of 3° to the (001) plane of the crystal. It is shown that this type of acoustooptic interaction has some interesting features that can be used when developing acoustooptic devices, in particular, modulators of nonpolarized light.
Фоторазрушение субмикронных кристаллов DAST в пленке PMMA путем прямой лазерной записи
Authors: Погосян Т.Н. , Денисюк И. Ю. , Лай Н.Д. , Леду-Рак И.
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelective photobleaching of DAST ( trans -4'-(dimethylamino)-Nmethyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate) non-linear crystals in a 2-μm-thick polymethacrylate film using direct laser writing at a wavelength of 532 nm at a power of 1–10 mW and a recording speed of 5–35 μm/s is studied. The laser pattern is established as a function of recording parameters. The destruction of crystals and their transition into the amorphous state enabled one to record a structure that is well resolved in the optical microscope and in the luminescence signal. No layer surface violation at the crystal damage sites is detected. The method ensures the formation of a grating with a periodic modulation of the nonlinearly optical coefficient, which is essential in the quasi-phasematching generation.
Исследование волоконно-оптических элементов на основе фотоактивной полимерной композиции для сенсорных применений
Authors: Матросова А.С. , Евстропьев С.К. , Миронов Л.Ю. , Никоноров Н.В. , Комаров А.В. , Демидов В.В.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe model of a fiber optic sensor device which operational principle is based on the thermal quenching of luminescence for ambient temperature measurements was experimentally studied. The construction of a multimode optical fiber with a transmission of more than 90%/m in the spectral region from 350 to 650 nm and a quartz capillary filled with a photoactive polymer composition based on epoxyacrylate and the europium complex with 2-naphthoyltrifluoroacetone and trioctylphosphinoxide was used as a sensitive sensor element. An exponentially decreasing character of the temperature dependence of the luminescence intensity was discovered for the photoactive composition incorporated into the sensor (excitation wavelength, 355 nm; luminescence wavelength, 615 nm) within a range from 20 to 100°C. A quasi-linear change in the luminescence intensity depending on the power of the launched UV radiation was determined.
Применение метода прямого оптического гетеродинирования для измерения твердости методом Либа
Authors: Казиева Т.В. , Губский К.Л. , Кузнецов А.П. , Глухов Р.Д.
Published: September 2019

This paper describes a portable laser interferometry system for measuring the speed of an indenter in Leeb hardness testers. The system is based on Photonic Doppler Velocimetry method. The radiation source is a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm. The presented experimental results confirm the ability of the system to measure indenter velocities with an uncertainty of 0.001 m / s, which meets the requirements of the standard.
Генерация импульсов гигантской амплитуды в клистронном автогенераторе хаоса
Authors: Гришин С.В. , Дмитриев Б.С. , Скороходов В.Н.
Published: September 2019

The presented experimental results demonstrate the formation of giant amplitude microwave impulses by a chaotic klystron generator operating in autonomous mode. The auto-oscillator is constructed on the basis of a “noisetron” scheme, which contains two five-resonator drift klystrons connected in series in a ring. One of the klystrons operates in a signal linear amplification mode (a linear klystron) and the other - in a signal nonlinear amplification mode (a nonlinear klystron). It has been established that a regime of dynamic intermittency of the “chaos-chaos” type appears in a self-oscillating system at a certain value of a beam current of the nonlinear klystron. In this case, the chaotic sequences of microwave impulses of giant amplitude are formed on a chaotic amplitude background. This type of intermittency is due to the amplitude bistability of the nonlinear klystron.
Магнитная структура наночастиц NiFe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Камзин А.С. , Bingolbali А. , Dovgan N. , Yesil Z. , Asilturk M.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Mössbauer studies of the magnetic structure of nickel ferrite (NiFe_2O_4) nanoparticles (NPs) are presented. It is shown that the redistribution of ions over nonequivalent crystallographic positions occurs upon a decrease in the size of NiFe_2O_4 crystallites to nanovalues, thus leading to the structural transformation of NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles from inverse spinel to mixed spinel. It has been established that the magnetic moments of Fe ions in the volume of NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles are ferromagnetically (collinearly) ordered, being noncollinear (or oblique) in the near-surface layer probably due to the frustration of moments in the near-surface layer of nanoparticles.
Влияние поляризационных характеристик пробного излучения на сигнал оптически детектируемого магнитного резонанса в магнитометрических и гироскопических квантовых датчиках
Authors: Вершовский А.К. , Дмитриев С.П. , Пазгалев А.С. , Петренко М.В.
Published: September 2019

The influence of polarization characteristics of probe laser radiation in quantum sensors, i.e. magnetometers that use the electron paramagnetic resonance, and gyroscopes that use both the electron and nuclear magnetic resonances, on the amplitude of the magnetic resonance signal is considered. The relations between the magnitude of the magnetic resonance signal and the parameters of the elements of the optical scheme of the sensor are derived using the Stokes – Muller formalism and experimentally verified; It is shown that the main destructive effect on the signal in a standard two-beam scheme is exerted by phase delays introduced by both metal and dielectric mirrors. Methods for compensating for this destructive influence have been proposed and tested.
Особенности азимутальной транспортировки сильноточного электронного пучка в криволинейной полости с поперечным магнитным полем
Authors: Дубинов А.Е. , Тараканов В.П.
Published: September 2019

This paper describes investigation of peculiarities of azimuthal transport of a high-current electron beam (HСEB) in a curved equipotential cavity with a transverse magnetic field using a PIC-simulation. It is found that electrons with negative azimuthal pulse appear in the beam, when the beam current exceeds some limiting value.
Изменение температуры Дебая при аморфизации однокомпонентного вещества
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: September 2019

Based on the nonlinear dependence of the first coordination number versus of the structure-packing factor (kp), a method for calculating of the Debye temperature for the amorphous structure of a monoatomic substance is proposed. By means of the parameters of pairwise Mie-Lennard-Jones potential, the Debye temperatures were calculated for the crystalline and amorphous structures of a number of pure metals, diamond, Si, Ge. Good agreement is obtained with the estimates of other authors. It is shown that at kp = 0.45556 the minimum of the Helmholtz specific free energy is reached, i.e. this packing is the thermodynamically stable amorphous structure.
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-29-11013_mk) and the program no. I.13 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Исследование приповерхностного слоя германия, имплантированного ионами кобальта
Authors: Базаров В.В. , Шустов В.А. , Лядов Н.М. , Файзрахманов И.А. , Янилкин И.В. , Хантимеров С.М. , Гарипов Р.Р. , Фатыхов Р.Р. , Сулейманов Н.М. , Валеев В.Ф.
Published: September 2019

The results of investigation of germanium surface nanostructured by ion implantation are presented. Single-crystal plates of germanium (c Ge) were irradiated by cobalt ions with an energy of 40 keV in the dose range (2 × 1016 - 8 × 1016) Co + / cm2. The method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the evolution of the morphology of germanium surface with an increase of implantation dose. It has been found that with increasing dose of implantation, a layer of spherical formations with diameter of ~ 150 nm gradually forms on the surface of implanted germanium. The analysis of X-ray diffraction spectra indicated the appearance of nano-sized cobalt germanide (CoGe) particles in the implanted layer.
Acute scrotal complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting in pediatric practice. Case report and literature review
Authors: Shedrov D. N. , Shelkoshveev D. K. , Pisareva M. V. , Morozov E. V.
Published: September 2019

We analyzed the experience of a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting – migration of the abdominal catheter into the scrotum through the non-obliterated vaginal scion with the development of acute symptoms from the scrotum. The case histories of two patients with short-term complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunting were studied, general clinical and instrumental examination data were presented, and surgical tactics for this condition were analyzed. The problem of these complications is shown as related, requiring the collective participation of urologists, surgeons, neurosurgeons This review provides general guidelines for managing patients with the described complication based on published data and our own experience.
Calidad de la leche cruda para consumo humano en dos localidades de Sucre (Colombia)
Authors: Arrieta B Germán , Gomezcaceres P Luty , Albis F Dalila , Calderón-Rangel Alfonso , Rodríguez R Virginia
Published: September 2019

Objetivo. Determinar la calidad fisicoquímica, microbiológica y recuento de células somáticas de leches crudas que se distribuyen para consumo humano en diferentes barrios de Sincelejo y Corozal (Sucre). Materiales y métodos. Mediante un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se tomaron 97 muestras de leche cruda; se determinaron algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y recuento de células somáticas. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron de acuerdo a la normatividad vigente en Colombia. Resultados. La mayoría de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de las muestras de leche cruda evaluadas se encontraron dentro de los parámetros normales de la legislación colombina. El recuento estándar en placa y el recuento de células somáticas se encontraron por encima de lo permitido por la legislación. Se demostró la presencia de coliformes totales, coliformes fecales, antibióticos y adulterantes como sacarosa y almidones. Conclusiones. La leche cruda que se distribuye para consumo humano en  Sincelejo y Corozal presenta  buena calidad fisicoquímica pero deficiente calidad microbiológica; se hace necesario incrementar la vigilancia y exigir al eslabón primario de la cadena láctea la producción de leche de excelente calidad.
Web-Based Technology for Remote Viewing of Radiological Images: App Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Min Qiusha , Wang Xin , Huang Bo , Xu Liangzhou
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Internet technologies can create advanced and rich web-based apps that allow radiologists to easily access teleradiology systems and remotely view medical images. However, each technology has its own drawbacks. It is difficult to balance the advantages and disadvantages of these internet technologies and identify an optimal solution for the development of medical imaging apps.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare different internet platform technologies for remotely viewing radiological images and analyze their advantages and disadvantages.

METHODS

Oracle Java, Adobe Flash, and HTML5 were each used to develop a comprehensive web-based medical imaging app that connected to a medical image server and provided several required functions for radiological interpretation (eg, navigation, magnification, windowing, and fly-through). Java-, Flash-, and HTML5-based medical imaging apps were tested on different operating systems over a local area network and a wide area network. Three computed tomography colonography data sets and 2 ordinary personal computers were used in the experiment.

RESULTS

The experimental results demonstrated that Java-, Flash-, and HTML5-based apps had the ability to provide real-time 2D functions. However, for 3D, performances differed between the 3 apps. The Java-based app had the highest frame rate of volume rendering. However, it required the longest time for surface rendering and failed to run surface rendering in macOS. The HTML5-based app had the fastest surface rendering and the highest speed for fly-through without platform dependence. Volume rendering, surface rendering, and fly-through performances of the Flash-based app were significantly worse than those of the other 2 apps.

CONCLUSIONS

Oracle Java, Adobe Flash, and HTML5 have individual strengths in the development of remote access medical imaging apps. However, HTML5 is a promising technology for remote viewing of radiological images and can provide excellent performance without requiring any plug-ins.
Development and Validation of the Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) Scale in Young Adults: Exploratory Factors Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: O'Loughlin Erin , Sabiston Catherine M , Kakinami Lisa , McGrath Jennifer J , Consalvo Mia , O'Loughlin Jennifer L , Barnett Tracie A
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Exergaming is associated with positive health benefits; however, little is known about what motivates young people to exergame.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a new Reasons to Exergame (RTEX) scale and describe its psychometric properties (Study 1) including test-retest reliability (Study 2). We also examined the test-retest reliability of self-report exergaming behavior measures (Study 2).

METHODS

We identified scale items in consultation with experts. In Study 1, we conducted an Exploratory Factor Analysis of RTEX and examined how the factors identified relate to exergaming frequency and intensity in a population-based sample of 272 young adults. In Study 2, we examined the test-retest reliability of RTEX factors and self-report measures of past-week exergaming frequency and intensity among 147 college students.

RESULTS

We identified four factors in RTEX: exergaming for fitness, exergaming for enjoyment, preferring exergaming over other gaming options, and choosing exergaming over competing interests (eg, sports). Test-retest reliability of RTEX factors (ICC 0.7-0.8) and self-report exergaming frequency (ICC 0.4-0.9) was adequate. Exergaming for fitness and enjoyment were positively associated with the frequency of exergaming with friends and family, and with exergaming intensity. Preferring exergaming over other gaming options and choosing exergaming over competing interests (eg, sports) were not related to exergaming behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

RTEX is a psychometrically sound scale with four factors that measure reasons to exergame. Replication of these findings is needed in larger, more diverse samples.
A Multiview Model for Detecting the Inappropriate Use of Prescription Medication: Machine Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Zhuo Lin , Cheng Yinchu , Liu Shaoqin , Yang Yu , Tang Shuang , Zhen Jiancun , Zhao Junfeng , Zhan Siyan
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

The inappropriate use of prescription medication has recently garnered worldwide attention, but most national policies do not effectively provide for early detection or timely intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and assess the validity of a model that can detect the inappropriate use of prescription medication. This effort combines a multiview and topic matching method. The study also assessed the validity of this approach.

METHODS

A multiview extension of the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm for topic modeling was chosen to generate diagnosis-medication topics, with data obtained from the Chinese Monitoring Network for Rational Use of Drugs (CMNRUD) database. Topic mapping allowed for calculating the degree to which diagnoses and medications were similarly distributed and, by setting a threshold, for identifying prescription misuse. The Beijing Regional Prescription Review Database (BRPRD) database was used as the gold standard to assess the model’s validity. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis using random samples of validated prescriptions and evaluated the model’s performance.

RESULTS

A total of 44 million prescriptions were used to generate topics using the diagnoses and medications from the CMNRUD database. A random sample (15,000 prescriptions) from the BRPRD was used for validation, and it was found that the model had a sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 47.4%, positive-predictive value of 14.5%, and negative-predictive value of 96.0%. The model showed superior stability under different sampling proportions.

CONCLUSIONS

A method that combines multiview topic modeling and topic matching can detect the inappropriate use of prescription medication. This model, which has mediocre specificity and moderate sensitivity, can be used as a primary screening tool and will likely complement and improve the process of manually reviewing prescriptions.
Risk Factors for 1-Year Graft Loss After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Foroutan Farid , Friesen Erik Loewen , Clark Kathryn Elizabeth , Motaghi Shahrzad , Zyla Roman , Lee Yung , Kamran Rakhshan , Ali Emir , De Snoo Mitch , Orchanian-Cheff Ani , Ribic Christine , Treleaven Darin J. , Guyatt Gordon , Meade Maureen O.
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives

With expansion of the pool of kidney grafts, through the use of higher-risk donors, and increased attention to donor management strategies, the 1-year graft survival rate is subject to change. It is, therefore, useful to elucidate 1-year graft survival rates by dissecting the characteristics of the low-risk and high-risk kidney transplant cases. The objective of our study was to evaluate factors purported to influence the risk of 1-year graft loss in kidney transplant recipients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We searched bibliographic databases from 2000 to 2017 and included observational studies that measured the association between donor, recipient, the transplant operation, or early postoperative complications, and 1-year death-censored graft loss.

Results

We identified 35 eligible primary studies, with 20 risk factors amenable to meta-analysis. Six factors were associated with graft loss, with moderate to high degree of certainty: donor age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 per 10-year increase; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04 to 1.18), extended criteria donors (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.42), deceased donors (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.82), number of HLA mismatches (HR, 1.08 per one mismatch increase; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.09), recipient age (HR, 1.17 per 10-year increase; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.25), and delayed graft function (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.47) as risk factors for 1-year graft loss. Pooled analyses also excluded, with a high degree of certainty, any associations of cold ischemia time, recipient race, pretransplant body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension with 1-year graft loss.

Conclusions

Recipient age, donor age, standard versus extended criteria donor, living versus deceased donor, HLA mismatch, and delayed graft function all predicted 1-year graft survival. The effect of each risk factor is small.
Los estudios sobre los catecismos latinoamericanos:
Authors: Marín Tamayo John Jairo
Published: September 2019

After the catechesis was positioned as a process of instruction in Christian communities in the second half of the twentieth century, the use of “catechisms” has been less and less with what is confirmed that the era of “catechisms” was definitely behind. Interestingly, it is from this moment that the “catechisms” begins to interest theologians, historians and other researchers of the human and social sciences as an object of study. Emphasizing its process of modernization, by virtue of which said studies entered into its historiographical era. This is presented as a historiographical reflection that seeks to account for the evolution of studies on Latin American catechisms, which allows presenting the current state of those studies and specify which have been the approaches and trends that have marked them. To advance this reflection, which goes from its origins to our days, three phases are distinguished: hatching, boom and consolidation.
Un nuevo modelo analítico para balance térmico satelital
Authors: Ramírez L Leopoldo J. , Falcón Nelson
Published: September 2019

Este documento se centra en el desarrollo del diseño y análisis del equilibrio de control térmico de un satélite en la órbita GEO. En este contexto, el Sol y la Tierra son considerados como las principales fuentes externas de radiación que podrían afectar los cambios de temperatura de la superficie del satélite. Se propone estudiar la transferencia de calor en las condiciones del entorno espacial para un satélite geoestacionario, a través de una nueva formulación analítica del problema de la propagación del calor, sin asumir la hipótesis del equilibrio térmico.
«Within Sanction Regime»: Problems and Perspectives of Russian Economic and Political Development. The Papers of the “Round Table” of the Lecturers and Students of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Authors: Matveenkov Denis Olegovich , Kopyl Vasiliy Alekseevich , Popova Valeriya Anatol'evna , Kinyakin Andrey Alekseevich , Shulika Yuliya Evgen'evna , Ivanov Vladimir Gennad'evich , Taisheva Vasiliya Borisovna
Published: September 2019

The paper comprises the materials of the “round-table” “Within sanctions regime: problems and perspectives of Russian economic and political development” which was organized by the chair of the comparative politics of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) and took place on February 20. 2016 on the faculty of the humanities and social sciences. Among the questions discussed within the “round table” were economic and political aftermaths of the sanctions imposed on Russia by the West and Russian countersanctions against the EU, USA and the further perspectives of Russian economic and political development, cooperation with the West. Among the participants of the “round-table” were the lecturers and the students of the political department of the PFUR, the students of the faculty of applied political sciences of the National Research University of Higher School of Economics as well as political experts.
The Role of the Expert’s Ratings in Political Activity in Modern Russia
Authors: Noskova M V
Published: September 2019

The article is the short review of the ratings, which are carried out by expert structures and their influence both on image of the countries, and on image of political leaders (leaders of political parties and heads of regions of the Russian Federation). The attention is paid to influence from any expert consultants regarding preparation and maintenance of election campaigns, connection of expert ratings with adoption of political decisions by public authorities is shown.
Desovereignization and the Loss of Political Subjectivity by the State
Authors: Minaev A V
Published: September 2019

The article discusses the interconnection of desovereignization processes and state’s loss of political subjectivity. The author points out the need to introduce a special approach to the identification and to the analysis of state sovereignty, as well as offers to consider facts of limitation of sovereignty in terms of desovereignization processes. This specialization of study helps to search to detect and to establish allowable state restrictions of state sovereignty in which its supreme power retains the ability to quickly and effectively respond to threats promotion policy of national interests. Restriction of sovereignty, according to the author, is acceptable only when it does not lead to a loss of political subjectivity of the state.
Problems of Integration of North and South Yemen in the Context of Regional Political Processes
Authors: Annikova V A , Hussein M K
Published: September 2019

The authors of the article attempt the analysis of multilateral political and historical reasons for the opposition of North and South Yemen and the complete as well as the probable consequences of further escalation of the conflict on the Arabian Peninsula and the entire Middle East region.
“Potential Soft Power” as a Resource of Political Influence
Authors: Ivanov V G
Published: September 2019

The author introduces the concept of “potential soft power”, indicating the potential (real or imaginary) of “soft power” influence of political actors, which they do not plan to use directly in a situation of political confrontation, but seek to capitalize on in order to influence the behavior of the opponent. The main objectives of “potential soft power” are deterrence, demoralization and reducing of the space of possible behavior of other parties (both opponents and allies). Certain propositions and statements of the concept of potential power of the economist and mathematician T. Schelling are applied to the perspective of “soft power” in world politics.
Peace-Building and NATO Defense Policy Issues at the Present Stage
Authors: Kornilenko A V
Published: September 2019

The article assesses the defence policy of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in general and peace building actions aspects in particular. Distinctive feature of article can be considered the analysis of military expenses of state members of alliance submitted by the author. A special focus is made on NATO normative legal framework formation, its aims, principles of its actions, peace building policy and interaction with the Russian Federation. It is shown that the peacekeeping activity which is carried out by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an important component of the general system of the purposes of defensive policy of the NATO alliance.
Are All Socialists Anti-religious? Anti-religiosity and the Socialist Left in 21 Western European Countries (1990-2008)
Authors: Ribberink Egbert , Achterberg P , Houtman Dick
Published: September 2019

The political situation in the Soviet Union during the twentieth century has led some to suggest that socialism is some kind of secular religion as opposed to ‘normal’ religion. In modern Europe, however, there have been vibrant Christian socialist movements. This article looks into the different attitudes of socialists towards religion and answers the question whether it is pressure of religious activity or pressure of religious identity that makes socialists resist religion. The results from a multilevel analysis of three waves of the European Values Study (1990-2008) in 21 Western European countries specifically point to an increase in anti-religiosity by socialists in countries marked by Catholic and Orthodox religious identities.
Maximalist and Minimalist Approach to Islam in Iranian Religious-Political Thought of Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Ilyina Yu I
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on evolution of Iranian religious political thought of the second half of the 20th century. The author uses philosophic notions of “minimalist” and “maximalist” approach to the role of religion in social and political processes with the aim to classify different ideological conceptions that were born at that time and exist nowadays.
Religion as the Main Projection Channel of the Power Interests on Civil Society during the Election Campaign in the USA
Authors: Frolova O A
Published: September 2019

Article considers the interrelation of political and religious interests in the USA during the current presidential campaign. In particular, the author considers such aspects as mentality and culture of the American society. In material, the religious preferences of the US population based on the last social researches. The author comes to conclusion that commitment of the American society to mass demand of goods consumption and services - an integral part of mentality and culture including religious. This characteristic of society formed the basis of “market nature” of spirituality to which candidates for president often appeal.
The Moscow youth’s resources of successful adaptation to the economic crisis and factors of enhancing their adaptation potential
Authors: Shlykova E. V.
Published: September 2019

The article presents the features of the adaptation potential of the urban youth as the most successfully adapting to the crisis group of the Russian population. Based on the results of the secondary analysis of empirical data, the author emphasizes the lack of scientific knowledge about the factors contributing to the successful adaptation of the megapolis youth to the social-economic crisis. The article explains the necessity to use a special methodological approach to the study of adaptation of young people to crisis conditions, which takes into account the complex of resources involved in adaptation and social development. Based on the P.S. Kuznetsov’s complex model of social development resources ensuring successful adaptation of the youth, the author conducted empirical interpretation and operationalization of the notion “youth’s adaptation potential” using seven sets of resources: material, self-preservation, regulatory, reproductive, communicative, cognitive and self-realization. Based on the monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, the author identifies the factors for successful adaptation of the Moscow youth to the economic crisis: high family income; search for additional earnings rather than waiting for help from government and public structures; small cash savings; the indirect impact of the crisis and the high assessment of one’s financial situation; high level of readiness to take material, social and financial risks; stability and security in the workplace, the ability to realize one’s skills; high level of communicative resources; high level of education, a broad outlook and motivation for self-education; value orientations that contribute to an active adaptation strategy; positive attitude to achieving life goals. The article presents some recommendations for decision makers in the field of youth policy aimed at strengthening the adaptive potential of the Moscow youth and successful models of adaptation to crisis conditions in everyday practices.
The Oromo national memories
Authors: Kumsa A.
Published: September 2019

The author defines nation as a territorial community of nativity and attributes significance to the biological fact of birth into the historically evolving territorial structure of the cultural community of nation, which allows to consider nation as a form of kinship. Nation differs from other territorial communities such as tribe, city-state or various ‘ethnic groups’ not just by the greater extent of its territory, but also by a relatively uniform culture that provides stability over time [22. P. 7]. According to the historical-linguistic comparative studies, “in terms of the history of mankind it is incontrovertible that some of the earliest and greatest human achievements have been accomplished in civilizations founded and headed by Afro-Asiatic peoples” [28. P. 74]. The Oromo people is one of the oldest nations in the world with its own territory (Oromia) and language ( Afaan Oromoo ). The Oromo possess a common political culture ( Gadaa democracy) and pursue one national-political goal of independence to get rid of the Abyssinian colonialism. Oromo national memories consist of memories of independence and national heroism, memories of the long war against expansionist Abyssinian warlords and the Abyssinian invasion of the Oromo land in the 19th century with the new firearms received from the African co-colonizing Western European powers, and these weapons were used not only to conquer the Oromo land but to cut the Oromo population in half. The Oromo nation consider the colonization of their country, loss of their independence, and existence under the brutal colonial rule of Abyssinia to be the worst humiliation period in their national history. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author considers the theoretical background of such concepts as nation, national memory, conquest humiliation, and some colonial pejorative terms still used by colonial-minded writers (like tribe and ethnic groups). In the second part, the author describes the Oromo national political and social memories during their long history as an independent nation from the Middle-Ages to the last quarter of the 19th century; presents ‘the Oromo question’ through the prism of the global history of colonization, occupation of their territory, slavery, and the colonial humiliation of the Oromo nation by the most cruel and oppressive Abyssinian colonial system; presents the two last regimes of the Abyssinian system and the final phase of the Oromo National Movement for sovereignty, dignity, and peace, which contributed greatly to the stability in the Horn of Africa.
Non-standard work: Who wins? Theoretical-methodological analysis of the approaches to the study of non-standard employment
Authors: Anisimov R. I.
Published: September 2019

The article considers main approaches to the study of non-standard labor relations. Based on the conceptual model proposed by C. Rakowski, three approaches to the analysis of non-standard labor relations are presented: structuralist, neo-Marxist, and legalist. The author identifies methodological limitations and heuristic potential of these approaches, and using statistical and sociological data claims that non-standard labor relations are widespread in Russia (from 32 to 59 million people). The article presents different estimates of non-standard labor relations: some authors focus on their advantages, others - on disadvantages depending on the ideological positions and the object of analysis. The author insists on the methodological confusion in the study of non-standard labor relations in the legalist approach which combines informal economy with non-standard employment, making it difficult to consider beneficiaries and ‘victims’ of the emerging system. According to the studies, the benefits of non-standard labor relations are typical for entrepreneurs, while disadvantages - for employees. The author proposes to distinguish employees from non-standard labor relations and entrepreneurs in the informal economy, which allows to combine all concepts of non-standard labor relations and to identify winners and losers of such relations. The article also mentions reasons for the growth of non-standard labor relations: globalization, automatization of labor, changes of labor values, and social policy - under the evolution of capitalism as a historical system.
Human dignity and ways to lose it, or A few recipes for happiness
Authors: Trotsuk I. V. , Grebneva V. E.
Published: September 2019

Books review: Bieri P. Zhiznenny vybor. O mnogoobrazii chelovecheskogo dostoinstva [Dignity as a Way of Life. A Treatise on the Diversity of Human Dignity]. Per. s nem. D.V. Silverstova. Saint Petersburg: Izdatelstvo Ivana Limbakha; 2018, 504 p.; Kets de Vries M. Seks, dengi, schastie i smert: V poiskakh sebya [Sex, Money, Happiness, and Death: The Quest for Authenticity]. Per. s angl. Moscow: Alpina Publisher; 2018, 440 p.
Artificial intelligence as a challenge for the contemporary social analysis
Authors: Rezaev A. V. , Tregubova N. D.
Published: September 2019

Books review: Boden M.A. AI: Its Nature and Future . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 156 p.; Collins H. Artifictional Intelligence: Against Humanity’s Surrender to Computers . Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018. 232 p.
A LIBERDADE RELIGIOSA E CONSTITUIÇÕES DO BRASIL: reflexões sobre o espaço das religiões de matriz afro-brasileira ante a tradição e jurisprudência nacionais
Authors: Rodrigues da Costa Otávio Barduzzi , Cava Roberta , RIBEIRO LUIZ FERNANDO DE LIMA
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo fundamental estudar as religiões de matriz afro-brasileira (RMAB), tomando por hipótese que, a despeito da laicidade estatal determinada pelas Constituições que vigoraram no Brasil, à exceção da primeira, o histórico de formação do Estado brasileiro, suas tradições e episódios protagonizados pelo Poder Judiciário do país não apenas dificultam, mas também tolhem o espaço devido às RMAB nas dinâmicas social, cultural, política e educacional do Brasil. Para tanto, a pesquisa trata, inicialmente, da compreensão da influência católica na construção do país e, posteriormente, nos textos constitucionais que já vigoraram e o atual, abordando também a aplicação do conceito de laicidade. Em seguida, dedica-se espaço a reflexões sobre conceitos como alteridade, liberdade e tolerância, bem como sobre o sincretismo advindo da chegada dos escravos africanos ao Brasil. Adiante, discute-se a respeito do reconhecimento legal da diversidade cultural brasileira em virtude da herança indígena e africana do país para, por fim, analisar a postura do processo legislativo no que tange a essa diversidade. A título de problematização e reflexão crítica, o trabalho apresenta três casos distintos, em que a jurisprudência brasileira se depara com cenários de intolerância contra as RMAB, sendo conduzidas de maneiras distintas.
DIREITO AO LAZER E POLÍTICAS URBANAS: análise a partir do estatuto da cidade e inserção no plano diretor
Authors: Versiani Isabela Veloso Lopes , Pereira Anete Marília , Silva Rodrigo Arlindo dos Santos , Fernandes Julia Marques
Published: September 2019

As dificuldades de implementação do Lazer como direito social, essencial à configuração do direito à cidade em uma dimensão ampla, e das Políticas Públicas de Esporte/Lazer específicas, se reproduzem no âmbito municipal de forma evidente, principalmente com relação aos espaços públicos disponíveis. De cunho exploratório, o presente artigo busca problematizar algumas das questões que envolvem o direito ao Lazer a partir da realidade das Políticas Urbanas, tendo como foco a cidade de Montes Claros – MG. Foram utilizadas diferentes fontes documentais, dentre elas o Estatuto da Cidade no âmbito nacional e, do município, a Lei Orgânica atual e o Plano Diretor vigente. Verifica-se que existe relação direta entre esses campos, uma vez que é recorrente a referência à importância do Esporte/Lazer nos documentos levantados, principalmente no acesso a equipamentos públicos. Embora presentes no campo jurídico e institucional, ainda há um grande distanciamento entre as diretrizes e a realidade.