bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cu–Fe Synergistic Active Sites Boost Kinetics of Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Hua Yilong , Song Nan , Wu Ziyang , Lan Yue , Luo Hongxia , Song Qianqian , Yang Jianping
Published: January 2024

Electrochemical conversion of nitrate offers an efficient solution to nitrate pollution and a sustainable strategy for ammonia generation. Cu and Fe bimetallic electrocatalysts exhibit excellent electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3RR) reactivity but the conventional preparation strategy is complex and time‐consuming and this reaction is still suffers from unsatisfied kinetic and unidentified mechanisms. Herein, in situ electrodeposition strategy is employed to induce Cu to modify the Fe active sites of iron‐based N‐doping carbon nanofiber electrode (Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs) during NO3RR in Cu‐contained nitrate solution. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between Cu and Fe sites of Cu─Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs electrode, superior activity of rate‐determining reaction (*NO3 to *NO2) and reduced energy barriers of the following deoxidation and hydrogenation steps are achieved. Compared with Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs‐500, the pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) rate constant for NO3RR by Cu─Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs demonstrates nearly two‐fold improvement with high current efficiencies over wide pH and voltage range. Furthermore, the maximum NO3─N removal capacity and N2 selectivity of Cu─Fe/Fe3C@NCNFs reach 15593.8 mg N g−1 Fe and ca. 92% after twenty cycles. This work offers an avenue for highly active bimetallic electrode design, paving more insights into the interactions between active site construction and NO3RR performance.
Orderly Arranged Dipoles Regulate Anion‐Derived Solid–Electrolyte Interphase for Stable Lithium Metal Chemistry
Authors: Xu Baolei , Ma Li , Wang Wenran , Zhu Hai , Zhang Youquan , Liang Chaoping , Zhou Liangjun , Wang Li , Zhang Yan , Chen Libao , Zhang Chunxiao , Wei Weifeng
Published: January 2024

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are considered the most promising high‐energy‐density electrochemical energy storage devices of the next generation. However, the unstable solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from electrolytes usually leads to high impedance, Li dendrites growth, and poor cyclability. Herein, the ferroelectric BaTiO3 with orderly arranged dipoles (BTOV) is integrated into the polypropylene separator as a functional layer. Detailed characterizations and theoretical calculations indicate that surface oxygen vacancies drive the phase transition of BaTiO3 materials and promote the ordered arrangement of dipoles. The strong dipole moments in BTOV can adsorb TFSI− and NO3− anions selectively and promote their preferential reduction to form a SEI film enriched with inorganic LiF and LiNxOy species, thus facilitating the rapid transfer of Li+ and restraining the growth of Li dendrites. As a result, the Li–Li cell with the BTOV functional layer exhibits enhanced Li plating/stripping cycling with an ultra‐long life of over 7000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2. The LiFePO4 || Li (50 µm) full cells display excellent cycling performance exceeding 1760 cycles and superior rate performance. This work provides a new perspective for regulating SEI chemistry by introducing ordered dipoles to control the distribution and reaction of anions.
Recent Advances in Optical Properties and Light‐Emitting Diode Applications for 2D Tin Halide Perovskites
Authors: Xing Yifeng , He Haiyang , Cui Zhongjie , Fu Zizhao , Qin Shuaitao , Zhang Wanlu , Mei Shiliang , Guo Ruiqian
Published: January 2024

Lead halide perovskites are widely used and intensively studied in optoelectronic devices due to their superior properties. However, the toxicity of Pb hinders the industrialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. Sn has a similar electronic structure to Pb, thus has been widely studied as an alternative to Pb‐based perovskite optoelectronics in recent years. In this review, the research progress in luminescent properties and synthesis methods of 2D tin halide perovskites are summarized. It is also highlight a unique dual emission phenomenon in 2D tin halide perovskites and summarize several types of possible luminous mechanisms. At last, the recent development of 2D tin halide perovskites based light‐emitting diodes are also overviewed, and the challenges of oxidative inhibition and efficiency improvement in 2D tin halide perovskites are discussed. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive perspective on luminescent properties and light‐emitting diode applications of 2D tin halide perovskites.
Epitaxy‐Driven Ferroelectric/Non‐Ferroelectric Polymorph Selection in an All‐Fluorite System
Authors: Barriuso Eduardo , Jiménez Ricardo , Langenberg Eric , Koutsogiannis Panagiotis , Larrea Ángel , Varela Manuel , Magén César , Algarabel Pedro A. , Algueró Miguel , Pardo José A.
Published: January 2024

Films of ferroelectric hafnia have hitherto been deposited on electrodes with a non‐fluorite crystal structure. As a result, they are polycrystalline, contain fractions of non‐ferroelectric polymorphs or have poor crystal quality. Here, a strategy that circumvents all these limitations is shown. Seven nanometers‐thick epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films are deposited directly on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single‐crystals. The fluorite structure of the whole system enables coherent epitaxy, while the substrate orientation induces polymorph‐selective growth, being the HZO films orthorhombic on YSZ(111) and monoclinic on YSZ(001). Besides, the YSZ substrate can play the role of a buried floating electrode under the appropriate measuring conditions (temperature and frequency) thanks to its thermally‐activated oxygen conductivity. Indeed, out‐of‐plane ferroelectric switching is confirmed in the orthorhombic HZO samples at 185 °C and 0.01 Hz frequency. This original approach avoids the need to deposit conducting bottom layers, allowing high‐quality orthorhombic hafnia to be obtained directly on the substrate and its ferroelectric nature to be studied. Moreover, it constitutes a case of ion‐driven ferroelectric switching, and thus gives support to the recently proposed relationship between ionic conductivity, and ferroelectricity in fluorite systems.
Phase‐Field Study of Nanocavity‐Assisted Mechanical Switching in PbTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Alhada–Lahbabi Kévin , Deleruyelle Damien , Gautier Brice
Published: January 2024

Ferroelectric thin films hold significant promise in various nanoelectronic applications, demanding precise control over their domain structures. While electrical field‐driven polarization switching is currently employed, it often leads to undesirable side effects. In contrast, mechanical switching offers a voltage‐free alternative but faces challenges in thicker films. Recent breakthroughs have demonstrated stable mechanical switching in films up to 200 nm thick, attributed to the presence of nanocavities. These nanoscale voids are believed to facilitate domain transitions, serving as essential pinning centers. In this study, mechanical domain switching in thick ferroelectric films is investigated using phase‐field modeling, with a specific focus on evaluating the influence of nanocavities on domain stability. The effects of cavity parameters (size, depth, and dielectric properties) on mechanical switching stability under various applied pressures are systematically examined. The findings reveal the intricate interplay between these factors and outline the conditions for stable mechanical switching. Furthermore, phase‐field simulations are employed to showcase the energetic mechanisms governing nanocavity‐assisted mechanical switching, while also highlighting the pivotal role of these defects as pinning centers. This investigation elucidates the nanocavity‐assisted mechanical control of polarization and the potential for optimizing thin film design through nanocavity engineering, thus enabling mechanical switching across substantial film thicknesses.
Clinical and neuropsychological characterization of SuperAgers residing in Delhi and National Capital Region of India—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Batra Ritika , Kumar Deepa Anil , Rao Abhijith , Kaloiya Gauri Shanker , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Satapathy Sujata , Chakrawarty Avinash , Soni Nidhi , Kumar Pramod , Chatterjee Prasun
Published: January 2024

Introduction

SuperAgers (SA) are older adults who exhibit cognitive capacities comparable to individuals who are three or more decades younger than them. The current study aimed to identify the characteristics of Indian SA by categorizing 55 older adults into SA and Typical Older Adults (TOA) and comparing their performance with a group of 50 younger participants (YP) (aged 25–50).

Methods

A total of 105 participants were recruited after obtaining informed written consent. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)‐IVINDIA, Color Trails Test, Boston Naming Test (BNT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.

Results

SA outperformed TOA in all cognitive assessments (P < 0.001) and surpassed YP in BNT and WAIS‐IV. SA's delayed recall scores were notably higher (12.29 ± 1.51) than TOA (6.32 ± 1.44).

Conclusion

SA excelled in all cognitive domains demonstrating resilience to age‐related cognitive decline. This study highlights Indian SuperAgers' exceptional cognitive prowess.
Technical note: RP Atlas–an unprecedented proposal for a Brazilian population dental development chart based on the London atlas
Authors: da Silveira Sousa Aline Maria , Jacometti Victor , Sato Cindy Maki , AlQahtani Sakher , da Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves
Published: January 2024

Age estimation methods through developmental atlases are simplified by image comparison using radiographs. Atlas‐based methods have been utilized to create population‐specific charts addressing population diversity. To tackle the absence of a dedicated atlas for the Brazilian population, the objective of the present study was to create a new atlas for dental development in Brazil based on the London Atlas chart. The new atlas (RP Atlas) is based on the median of tooth development, eruption, and resorption in individuals aged 5 to 23. The sample (567 individuals) was divided between females (n = 290) and males (n = 277). The RP Atlas was handcrafted, scanned, colored, and clustered in two atlases divided by sex. The development of a specific atlas for the Brazilian population has the potential to enhance the accuracy of age estimation in forensic scenarios, notably in a mixed country like Brazil. Further research is needed to assess the suitability of the newly developed atlas for the Brazilian population.
Advances in the Use of Biologics and Biomaterials toward the Improvement of Pancreatic Islet Graft Survival in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yitayew Michael Yilma , Luginina Marina , Tabrizian Maryam
Published: January 2024

Islet transplantation is a curative treatment for patients suffering from type 1 diabetes and has the potential to replace current treatment strategies involving the exogenous administration of insulin. Despite this potential, there are many hurdles in achieving successful long‐term graft survival due to autoimmune and foreign body reactions leading to graft rejection coupled with donor shortage and potential adverse effects from the need for long‐term administration of immunosuppressive drugs. As a result, various approaches have been proposed to increase the viability and function of islet grafts during isolation and ex vivo culture with the use of growth factors, hormones, and other therapeutic agents. In addition, other strategies have addressed how to enhance or maintain islet graft performance after implantation with improvements on immunosuppressive drug regimens and the use of biomaterials to encapsulate and protect the cells from graft rejection. This review focuses on the recent advances in strategies to improve islet viability and function with the addition of exogenous compounds and the implementation of conformal coating as a promising tool for immunoprotection of islet transplants.
Does religiosity play a role in anatomy learning? Perspectives from Pasifika students at the University of Otago
Authors: Fakapulia Ilaisaane Foli , Time Willie Solomona , TuiSamoa Genevieve , Samalia Latika , Wibowo Erik
Published: January 2024

Religion is an important aspect in Pacific cultures and may influence how Pasifika students learn anatomy. Traditional constructs in Pacific cultures, such as tapu (forbidden/taboo) and sacred relationships, and/or Christian values are where spirituality is most commonly perceived among Pacific people. Although Pacific people are not homogenous, tapu is a concept that permeates all of Pacific cultures. Understanding the significance of tapu in Pacific communities will help govern relationships and interactions between male and female students/educators, as well as between the dead (e.g., body donors) and the living (e.g., students/educators). In Pacific communities, breaching tapu can lead to serious repercussions, thus strict adherence to cultural practices is important. Institutions in Aotearoa New Zealand, however, are governed by Western processes and values which are often incompatible with Pasifika worldviews and values. Pacific values, including in education, are holistic in understanding and action, and considers not only the physical but the emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects. The lack of cultural competency and responsiveness from universities continues to be a barrier for Pasifika learners. Supportive action from educators requires appreciation and understanding of Pacific values and practices. Throughout this article, we discuss Pacific perspectives on how religiosity plays a role in anatomy learning for Pasifika students. Key topics discussed here include the Bible, tapu (sacred/taboo), tulou (permission/excuse), vā tapu'ia (sacred relationship), nudity, organ donation, and perspectives on working with deceased human bodies. Given the increasing number of Pasifika students enrolled in universities across Aotearoa New Zealand, education institutions should be more culturally‐responsive to Pasifika students' needs to enhance their academic success in anatomy education.
Nanopore sequencing improves construction of customized CRISPR‐based gene activation libraries
Authors: Wang Handing , Tan Heng Yih , Lian Jiazhang , Zhou Kang
Published: January 2024

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based screening has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying new gene targets for desired cellular phenotypes. The construction of guide RNA (gRNA) pools largely determines library quality and is usually performed using Golden Gate assembly or Gibson assembly. To date, library construction methods have not been systematically compared, and the quality check of each batch has been slow. In this study, an in‐house nanopore sequencing workflow was established for assessing the current methods of gRNA pool construction. The bias of pool construction was reduced by employing the polymerase‐mediated non‐amplifying method. Then, a small gRNA pool was utilized to characterize stronger activation domains, specifically MED2 (a subunit of mediator complex) and HAP4 (a heme activator protein), as well as to identify better gRNA choices for dCas12a‐based gene activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, based on the better CRISPRa tool identified in this study, a custom gRNA pool, which consisted of 99 gRNAs targeting central metabolic pathways, was designed and employed to screen for gene targets that could improve ethanol utilization in S. cerevisiae. The nanopore sequencing‐based workflow demonstrated here should provide a cost‐effective approach for assessing the quality of customized gRNA library, leading to faster and more efficient genetic and metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae.
Mere facade? Is greenwashing behaviour lower in low‐carbon corporates?
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Chu Zhongzhu
Published: January 2024

Corporate greenwashing has become a focal point in the academic realm. However, there has been limited research exploring the factors influencing corporate greenwashing, particularly from the perspective of pollution emissions. This study uses data from listed companies from 2011 to 2021 and employs a two‐way fixed‐effects model to unveil the correlation and mechanisms between carbon emissions and corporate greenwashing. Additionally, it examines the restraining effects of internal and external pressures on this relationship. The research reveals a significant positive correlation between corporate carbon emissions and greenwashing. Second, internal controls, audit regulations and regulatory regulations reversed this positive relationship. Third, the study finds that reducing risk tolerance and increasing employee compensation are pathways through which carbon emissions promote corporate engagement in greenwashing. Finally, this study indicates that the spillover effects of carbon emissions prompt other companies in the same city to engage in greenwashing. In conclusion, this study provides rich empirical evidence for the greenwashing literature and offers novel theoretical insights into promoting substantive green practices and carbon neutrality, particularly in developing countries such as China.
Plant‐derived exosomes extracted from Lycium barbarum L. loaded with isoliquiritigenin to promote spinal cord injury repair based on 3D printed bionic scaffold
Authors: Wang Qilong , Liu Kai , Cao Xia , Rong Wanjin , Shi Wenwan , Yu Qintong , Deng Wenwen , Yu Jiangnan , Xu Ximing
Published: January 2024

Plant‐derived exosomes (PEs) possess an array of therapeutic properties, including antitumor, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory capabilities. They are also implicated in defensive responses to pathogenic attacks. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) regeneration represents a global medical challenge, with appropriate research concentration on three pivotal domains: neural regeneration promotion, inflammation inhibition, and innovation and application of regenerative scaffolds. Unfortunately, the utilization of PE in SCI therapy remains unexplored. Herein, we isolated PE from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Lycium barbarum L. and discovered their inflammatory inhibition and neuronal differentiation promotion capabilities. Compared with exosomes derived from ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), PE demonstrated a substantial enhancement in neural differentiation. We encapsulated isoliquiritigenin (ISL)‐loaded plant‐derived exosomes (ISL@PE) from L. barbarum L. within a 3D‐printed bionic scaffold. The intricate construct modulated the inflammatory response following SCI, facilitating the restoration of damaged axons and culminating in ameliorated neurological function. This pioneering investigation proposes a novel potential route for insoluble drug delivery via plant exosomes, as well as SCI repair. The institutional animal care and use committee number is UJS‐IACUC‐2020121602.
13Cβ‐Valine and 13Cγ‐Leucine Methine Labeling To Probe Protein Ligand Interaction
Authors: Toscano Giorgia , Höfurthner Theresa , Nagl Benjamin , Beier Andreas , Mayer Moriz , Geist Leonhard , McConnell Darryl B. , Weinstabl Harald , Konrat Robert , Lichtenecker Roman J.
Published: January 2024

Precise information regarding the interaction between proteins and ligands at molecular resolution is crucial for effectively guiding the optimization process from initial hits to lead compounds in early stages of drug development. In this study, we introduce a novel aliphatic side chain isotope‐labeling scheme to directly probe interactions between ligands and aliphatic sidechains using NMR techniques. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, we selected a set of Brd4‐BD1 binders and analyzed 1H chemical shift perturbation resulting from CH‐π interaction of Hβ‐Val and Hγ‐Leu as CH donors with corresponding ligand aromatic moieties as π acceptors.
Carbon quantum dots modified and Y3+ doped Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 nanospheres with excellent battery‐like supercapacitor performance
Authors: Gao Jiamin , Xie Huidong , Zuo Feng , Liu Hu , Zhao Yajuan , Yang Chang
Published: January 2024

Supercapacitor is an important energy storage device widely used in the automobile industry, military production, and communication equipment because of its fast charge‐discharge rate, and high power density. Herein, carbon quantum dots modified and Y3+ doped Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4 (NiY@CQDs) nanospheres are prepared by a solvothermal method and used as an electrode material. The electrochemical properties of NiY@CQDs were measured in a three‐electrode system. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) cell was assembled with activated carbon (AC) as the anode and NiY@CQDs as the cathode. The electrochemical properties of the ASC device were measured in a two‐electrode system. Experimental results show the shape of NiY@CQDs is petal‐shaped and the introducing carbon quantum dots and doping Y3+ significantly increases the specific surface area, conductivity, and specific capacitance of Ni3(NO3)2(OH)4. The mass‐specific capacitance of NiY@CQDs reaches up to 2944 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor of NiY@CQDs//AC has a high energy density of 138.65 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1500 W kg−1, displaying a wide range of application prospects in the energy storage area.
Stereocontrol via Propeller Chirality in FLP‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Kótai B. , Laczkó G. , Hamza A. , Pápai I.
Published: January 2024

Utilization of chiral frustrated Lewis pairs as catalysts in enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated molecules represents a promising approach in asymmetric synthesis. In our effort to improve our current understanding of the factors governing the stereoselectivity in these catalytic processes, herein we examined the mechanism of direct hydrogenation of aromatic enamines catalyzed by a binaphthyl–based chiral amino–borane. Our computational analysis reveals that only one particular conformer of the key borohydride reaction intermediate can be regarded as a reactive form of this species. This borohydride conformer has a well–defined chiral propeller shape, which induces facial selectivity in the hydride transfer to pro–chiral iminium intermediates. The propeller chirality of the reactive borohydride conformer is generated by the axially chiral binaphthyl scaffold of the amino–borane catalyst through stabilizing π‐π stacking interactions. This new computational insight can be readily used to interpret the high degree of stereoinduction observed for these reactions. We expect that the concept of chirality relay could be further exploited in catalyst design endeavors.
Continuous fixed‐bed column adsorption of nickel (II) using recyclable three‐dimensional cellulose nanocrystals‐hydrogel: Bed depth service time, Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson modelling
Authors: Claude Banza Jean , Onyango Maurice Stephane
Published: January 2024

Heavy metal ions have detrimental impacts on both the environment and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple, economical water treatment adsorbents that employ easily modifiable, organic, biodegradable polymers like cellulose nanocrystals. This work used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) to characterize the cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel prepared to remove Ni2+. The hydrogel was established to have two stable degradation points, ranging from 70 to 120°C to 250 to 380°C. Additionally, the principal functionalized groups observed in the hydrogel's molecular structure were CH, OH, and CO, which were uniform distribution and finger‐like structures as seen by SEM. It consisted of crystalline and amorphous structures, as shown by XRD patterns, making it a viable option for water filtration. BET showed that the surface area of the hydrogel increased upon modification. The column study involves optimization of pH, flow rate, concentration, and bed depth. According to experimental data, the effects of breakthrough parameters including pH (4, 5, 6) influent concentration (50, 75, and 100 mg/L), feed flow rate (5, 10, and 15 mL/min), and bed height (10, 15, and 20 cm). With an adsorption capacity of 58.65 mg/g, a flow rate of 10 mL/min, a bed depth of 20 cm, an influent concentration of 75 mg/L and a pH of 5 was found. The column experimental data fitted better to the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and bed depth service time modelling (R2 > 0.99) than the Adams–Bohart model with R2 > 0.90. The adsorbent is economical and environmentally friendly due to its excellent regeneration capacity.
Effective inhibition of crystal growth during wax deposition using CTAB‐grafted faujasite nanoparticles
Authors: Al‐Shboul Tamer , Hethnawi Afif , Sagala Farad , Nassar Nashaat N.
Published: January 2024

In this work, we developed cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)‐grafted faujasite nanoparticles (C‐g‐F) as wax inhibitors for the deposits that were formed from a model oil system consisting of 5 wt.% paraffin wax in toluene. Our developed nanomaterials were fully characterized, hydrophobically modified, and their deposition inhibition performance compared with virgin CTAB was investigated in a model waxy oil through cold finger setup (CF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cold flow yield strength, and cross‐polarized microscopy (CPM). Applying our nano‐inhibitors at a concentration of 100 ppm led to more than 50 wt.% inhibition and a 30% reduction of deposit cold yield strength. Interestingly, the presence of FAU nanoparticles in the core structure of C‐g‐F contributed to better dispersibility, enhancing surface wettability (reducing interfacial tension with wax crystals), facilitating inhibitions, and preventing co‐crystallization greater than the surfactant alone. The morphological analysis results showed that C‐g‐F, due to their novel surface features, could suppress the unordered wax crystals from networking, resulting in uniform spherical‐like wax aggregates. Hence, the application of tiny concentrations of C‐g‐F (10 to 300 ppm) outperformed stand‐alone surfactants in nucleating the wax crystals.
Intrinsic kinetic model with variable light intensity of the emerging pollutants degradation in a photocatalytic differential reactor with immobilized TIO2: Experiments and CFD
Authors: Balestrin Evandro , de Souza Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson , Valle José Alexandre Borges , da Silva Adriano
Published: January 2024

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an alternative to mineralizing emerging pollutants. The present study focuses on the kinetic model of salicylic acid photocatalytic degradation in an aqueous solution as a function of pollutant concentration and light intensity. The intrinsic kinetic model parameters were determined using a differential photocatalytic reactor with immobilized TiO2 based on experiments and numerical simulations. Five degradation experiments with different light intensities were performed for a turbulent flow rate of 4.7 L/min and salicylic acid concentration of 20 mg/L. Light intensities used for the kinetic experiments were obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using the radiation transfer equation that was pre‐validated. The TiO2 immobilized method presents low leaching of the catalyst and good degradation efficiency. The intrinsic kinetic model showed to be first‐order both for the pollutant concentration and for the light intensity and can be applied in simulation to optimize and design photocatalytic reactors.
Stress‐related fluctuations in personality functioning in daily life: Pilot data from an ambulatory monitoring study in outpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Sinnaeve Roland , Van Diest Ilse , Claes Stephan , Myin‐Germeys Inez , Van den Bosch Louisa M. C. , Kamphuis Jan Henk , Vansteelandt Kristof , Van Hoof Chris , Cornelis Jan , Houben Marlies
Published: January 2024

This pilot study aimed to test a comprehensive experience sampling method (ESM) protocol for investigating the relationship between stress and personality functioning (PF) in the daily lives of outpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Participants (N = 22) responded to a 32‐item ESM questionnaire 10 times a day for 1 week while wearing two stress detection devices. Results showed that the protocol was feasible. There was a high level of compliance (i.e. average of 85%), and no serious adverse events. The main indices, that is, Stress and PF, demonstrated acceptable to excellent internal consistency and provisional evidence for their validity. We found that 64% of the variability in PF was due to within‐subject differences. Mixed modelling showed that the momentary changes in stress (p < .001) and body position (i.e. active vs passive; p < .001) explained an estimated 46% of this within‐subject variance. We found no significant within‐subject effects when we used parameters of autonomic nervous system (ANS)–activity as predictors. Data loss during recording and artefact detection of electrophysiological data were substantial but not related to momentary changes in PF. The preliminary findings suggest that PF is a volatile aspect of personality pathology and that there is a strong, concurrent relationship between stress and PF in daily life. This pilot study constitutes the first demonstration of PF fluctuations within a clinical sample and initiates an examination of their association with ANS activity.
Anatomical three‐dimensional model with peri‐implant defect for in vitro assessment of dental implant decontamination
Authors: Khan Sadia Nazir , Koldsland Odd Carsten , Tiainen Hanna , Hjortsjö Carl
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Access to the implant surface plays a significant role in effective mechanical biofilm removal in peri‐implantitis treatment. Mechanical decontamination may also alter the surface topography of the implant, potentially increasing susceptibility to bacterial recolonization. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate a newly developed, anatomically realistic, and adaptable three‐dimensional (3D)printed model with a peri‐implant bone defect to evaluate the accessibility and changes of dental implant surfaces after mechanical decontamination treatment.

Material and Methods

A split model of an advanced peri‐implant bone defect was prepared using 3D printing. The function of the model was tested by mechanical decontamination of the exposed surface of dental implants (Standard Implant Straumann AG) coated with a thin layer of colored occlusion spray. Two different instruments for mechanical decontamination were used. Following decontamination, the implants were removed from the split model and photographed. Image analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to quantify the remaining occlusion spray both in terms of area and total amount, while scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry were used to analyze alteration in the implant surface morphology.

Results

The 3D model allowed easy placement and removal of the dental implants without disturbing the implant surfaces. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of removal of the occlusion spray revealed differences in the mechanism of action and access to the implant surface between tested instruments. The model permitted surface topography analysis following the decontamination procedure.

Conclusion

The developed 3D model allowed a realistic simulation of decontamination of implant surfaces with colored occlusion spray in an advanced peri‐implant defect. 3D printing allows easy adaptation of the model in terms of the shape and location of the defect. The model presents a valuable tool for in vitro investigation of the accessibility and changes of the implant surface after mechanical and chemical decontamination.
Endometriosis first presenting in pleural fluid cytology
Authors: Chen‐Yost Heather I. , Huang Tao , O'Brien Kathleen , Weir William , Reddy Rishindra M. , Lieberman Richard , Pang Judy
Published: January 2024

Most patients with thoracic endometriosis present with catamenial pneumothorax, a rare condition in which recurrent episodes occur within 72 h before or after the start of menstruation. We report a case of thoracic endometriosis presenting with recurrent bloody pleural effusions without pneumothorax diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology. We describe the cytomorphology and immunoprofile of thoracic endometriosis and discuss the differential diagnoses, including neoplastic processes. We also highlight the importance of communication with clinicians for timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, especially when thoracic endometriosis is not suspected.
Lesser prairie‐chicken dispersal after translocation: Implications for restoration and population connectivity
Authors: Berigan Liam A. , Aulicky Carly S. H. , Teige Elisabeth C. , Sullins Daniel S. , Fricke Kent A. , Reitz Jonathan H. , Rossi Liza G. , Schultz Kraig A. , Rice Mindy B. , Tanner Evan , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Haukos David A.
Published: January 2024

Conservation translocations are frequently inhibited by extensive dispersal after release, which can expose animals to dispersal‐related mortality or Allee effects due to a lack of nearby conspecifics. However, translocation‐induced dispersals also provide opportunities to study how animals move across a novel landscape, and how their movements are influenced by landscape configuration and anthropogenic features. Translocation among populations is considered a potential conservation strategy for lesser prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). We determined the influence of release area on dispersal frequency by translocated lesser prairie‐chickens and measured how lesser prairie‐chickens move through grassland landscapes through avoidance of anthropogenic features during their dispersal movements. We translocated 411 lesser prairie‐chickens from northwest Kansas to southeastern Colorado and southwestern Kansas in 2016–2019. We used satellite GPS transmitters to track 115 lesser prairie‐chickens throughout their post‐release dispersal movements. We found that almost all lesser prairie‐chickens that survived from their spring release date until June undergo post‐translocation dispersal, and there was little variation in dispersal frequency by release area (96% of all tracked birds, 100% in Baca County, Colorado, 94% in Morton County, Kansas, n = 55). Dispersal movements (male: 103 ± 73 km, female: 175 ± 108 km, n = 62) led to diffusion across landscapes, with 69% of birds settling >5 km from their release site. During dispersal movements, translocated lesser prairie‐chickens usually travel by a single 3.75 ± 4.95 km dispersal flight per day, selecting for steps that end far from roads and in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands. Due to this “stepping stone” method of transit, landscape connectivity is optimized when <5 km separates grassland patches on the landscape. Future persistence of lesser prairie‐chicken populations can be aided through conservation of habitat and strategic placement of CRP to maximize habitat connectivity. Dispersal rates suggest that translocation is better suited to objectives for regional, rather than site‐specific, population augmentation for this species.
Cooler and drier conditions increase parasitism in a subtropical damselfly population
Authors: Paul Shatabdi , Rayhan Mostakim , Herberstein Marie E. , Khan Md Kawsar
Published: January 2024

Host–parasite interactions are impacted by climate, which may result in variation of parasitism across landscapes and time. Understanding how parasitism varies across these spatio‐temporal scales is crucial to predicting how organisms will respond to and cope under a rapidly changing climate. Empirical work on how parasitism varies across climates is limited. Here, we examine the variation of parasitism across seasons and identify the likely climatic factors that explain this variation using Agriocnemis femina damselflies and Arrenurus water mite ectoparasites as a host–parasite study system. We assessed parasitism in a natural population in Sylhet, Bangladesh which is located in subtropical climate between 2021 and 2023. We calculated prevalence (proportion of infected individuals) and intensity (the number of parasites on an infected individual) of parasitism across different seasons. Parasite prevalence and intensity were greater during cooler seasons (autumn and winter) compared to hotter seasons (spring and summer). Mean temperature and precipitation were negatively correlated with parasite prevalence, whereas only mean precipitation was negatively correlated with parasite intensity. Tropical, subtropical and mediterranean regions are predicted to experience extreme climatic events (extreme temperature, less precipitation and frequent drought) as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, and our finding suggests that this might alter patterns of parasitism in aquatic insects.
Factors influencing the detection and occupancy of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)
Authors: Hohoff Tara C. , Deppe Jill L.
Published: January 2024

Using acoustics to survey for bats has increased as the need for data on increasingly rare species has also increased. We set out to better understand the difference between mist netting and acoustic detection probabilities between these two methods for the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), a species highly impacted by white‐nose syndrome and currently considered for federal listing in the United States. We also analyzed occupancy relationships with local and landcover variables. We surveyed 15 sites using mist netting paired with an acoustic recorder for multiple nights to estimate detection probability of this species. We also deployed acoustic recorders at another 73 sites. We found that detection rates for mist netting were very low but increased with day of year and decreased from proximity to water. Acoustic surveys had higher detection rates, but there was an approximately 30% likelihood of false‐positive detections. At the mean distance to water and day of year, acoustic surveys had a detection rate 55 times higher than mist netting. There were not significant factors influencing occupancy of little brown bats, only a slight positive relationship between forested largest patch, landscape patch richness and forest basal area. Given the declines in little brown bat populations since white‐nose syndrome, it is even more critical that we consider the very low detection rate of mist netting compared to acoustic surveys.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure and incident heart failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Lin Gen‐Min , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Colangelo Laura A. , Lima Joao A.C. , Szklo Moyses , Liu Kiang
Published: January 2024

Aims

There are no studies on the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and incident heart failure (HF). This cohort study aimed to examine the associations of self‐reported and urinary cotinine‐assessed SHS exposure with incident HF.

Methods and results

This study included 5548 non‐active smoking participants aged 45–84 years and free of known cardiovascular diseases and HF at baseline who self‐reported SHS exposure time in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at baseline (2000–2002). A cohort subset of 3376 non‐active smoking participants underwent urinary cotinine measurements. HF events were verified by medical records or death certificates and ascertained from baseline through 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used with adjustment for demographic variables, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, tobacco pack‐years and medications. During a median follow‐up of 17.7 years, 353 and 196 HF events were identified in the self‐report cohort and cohort subset, respectively. In the self‐report cohort, compared with the SHS unexposed group (0 h/week), the highest tertile of the SHS exposed group (7–168 h/week) was not associated with incident HF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.00; p = 0.052). In contrast, in the cohort subset, participants with detectable urinary cotinine >7.07 ng/ml had a higher risk of incident HF than those with undetectable urinary cotinine ≤7.07 ng/ml (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03–2.06; p = 0.034). There were no significant heterogeneities in HF risk by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or past smoking status.

Conclusion

Secondhand smoke exposure reflected by modestly increased urinary cotinine (>7.07 ng/ml) rather than self‐report in non‐active smokers was associated with a 40–50% higher risk of any HF event.
Gasification of solid biomass or fast pyrolysis bio‐oil: Comparative energy and exergy analyses using AspenPlus®
Authors: Buelvas Ana , Quintero‐Coronel Daniel A. , Vanegas Oscar , Ortegon Katherine , Bula Antonio , Mesa Jaime , González‐Quiroga Arturo
Published: January 2024

The conversion of biomass residues into syngas through gasification is attractive for energy and process industry applications. However, transportation, storage, and operational challenges limit the conventional direct solid biomass gasification process. To address these issues, the intermediate conversion of biomass to bio‐oil has emerged as a promising alternative. Bio‐oil offers improved transport and storage capabilities due to its higher mass and energy density, enabling the decoupling of solid biomass supply and syngas demand. This study compares two routes for syngas production: direct gasification of solid biomass and indirect gasification using bio‐oil from biomass pyrolysis as an intermediate with biochar and pyrolysis gas supplying thermal energy to the pyrolysis stage. Biochar combustion provides about 1.4 MJ kg−1 of dry biomass to maintain the pyrolysis temperature at 480°C. Using AspenPlus® simulations, the composition and Low Heating Value of the syngas produced by both routes are analyzed. Energy and exergy analysis at different equivalence ratios and temperatures revealed that direct gasification has higher efficiencies than indirect gasification. At 1000°C and an equivalence ratio of 0.4, the highest energy and exergy efficiencies occurred in direct gasification processes. The energy efficiency of direct and indirect gasification amounted to 62% and 53%, respectively. At the same time, the corresponding exergy efficiencies were 65% and 61%. The syngas of direct and indirect gasification processes is a starting point to produce energy, synthetic fuels, and chemicals; this study provides insights for designing and optimizing biomass gasification processes.
Modeling and Model Predictive Control of a Battery Thermal Management System Based on Thermoelectric Cooling for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wang Ruochen , Zhang Hui , Chen Jie , Ding Renkai , Luo Ding
Published: January 2024

The active battery thermal management system is critical for the security of electric vehicles. In this article, a novel battery thermal management system and the control strategy based on thermoelectric cooling are proposed. A coupling model between the thermoelectric cooler and the battery pack is built by MATLAB/Simscape software. The model precision is verified through the experimental bench test, with a maximal deviation of 0.56 °C (the accuracy of the temperature sensor is ±0.1 °C). Further, a battery thermal management strategy with model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. In the results, it is elucidated that the MPC strategy has a superiority over the proportional‐integral‐derivation (PID) strategy in both the response time and energy consumption. Notably, the MPC strategy achieves a 35.17% reduction in response time and a 28.65% decline in energy consumption under a constant current of 2 C. Furthermore, during the variable H_N_U_F cycle conditions, the control effects are also evident, with an overshoot diminution of 12.2%, a maximum temperature error decrease of 23.85%, a response time reduction of 31.15%, and an energy utilization decline of 31.85%. In this study, a novel perspective in advancing battery thermal management systems through the application of thermoelectric cooler is provided.
Puget Sound sediment cleanup remedy effectiveness retrospective
Authors: Patmont Clay , Healy Rob
Published: January 2024

The monitoring of completed large-scale sediment remediation projects has revealed mixed effectiveness at reducing risks, thus highlighting uncertainties regarding whether and which remedial measures are necessary to achieve protective goals. To support valid statements about changes over time and the overall effectiveness of sediment remedial action, robust pre- and postremediation monitoring is required with sufficient time points, reference sites, and biological metrics. The five completed Puget Sound sediment remediation case studies reviewed here (Bellingham Bay, St. Paul Waterway, Eagle Harbor, Hylebos Waterway, and Sinclair Inlet) employed particularly robust remedy effectiveness monitoring programs that spanned decades, revealing common lessons for improving remediation outcomes. First, although sediment remediation can play an important role in reducing contaminant exposure in areas with higher sediment concentrations, at lower levels, sediment links with fish tissue concentrations diminish. As water column exposure from diverse sources becomes predominant, remediating sediments with lower concentrations yields proportionately less risk reduction. Second, timely monitoring of effective source controls achieving substantial (i.e., >80%) contaminant source load reductions as well as large-scale capping projects have revealed rapid changes in Puget Sound surface sediment concentrations and biological recovery metrics with an average recovery half-time of 1.6 ± 0.8 years. The weight of evidence suggests that natural recovery of Puget Sound surface sediments is significantly accelerated by exchange across the sediment–water interface from benthic organism feeding behaviors, porewater flux, and tide-generated currents. As a result, effective source controls in Puget Sound have rapidly improved surface sediment quality and achieved more significant risk reductions than broadscale sediment remediation. Going forward, comprehensive Puget Sound source control efforts that incorporate robust monitoring in an adaptive management framework are the best way to achieve protective remediation objectives. These lessons may apply more broadly across similar complex urban aquatic ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1355–1365. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

Reviews of completed sediment remediation actions in Puget Sound reveal that remediating sediments with lower concentrations yields proportionately less risk reduction, and that effective source controls have achieved more significant risk reduction than broadscale sediment remediation.