bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Debt Collector Berprestasi Di PT. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan Menerapkan Metode SMARTER
Authors: Gulo Dewi Hartati
Published: April 2024

An outstanding debt collector must have presence, honesty, teamwork and achievement to improve the debt collector's performance. Problems in selecting outstanding debt collectors at PT. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan is an election team that finds it difficult to carry out elections quickly and accurately. The decision making technique in the SMARTER (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Ranks) method is based on the theory that each alternative consists of a number of criteria that have values ​​and each criterion has a weight that describes how important it is compared to other criteria. Application of the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique Exploiting Rank method for selecting outstanding debt collectors at PT. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan provides an accuracy of 23% using the relative standard deviation formula. It is hoped that to overcome this, a Decision Support System for Selection of Outstanding Debt Collectors at PT was built. Wahana Ottomitra Multiartha Medan Implements the SMARTER Method which will be designed using Visual Basic 2008 and using MySQL. In the Visual Basic design, a calculation and ranking process will be produced
Convergence of Corporate Governance Systems: A Critical Review
Authors: Kukubor K. B.
Published: April 2024

The apparent convergence of international systems of corporate governance has become important to developing countries. It is gradually being accepted that formal convergence is taking place at ownership and board structure levels. Corporate behaviour seems to be converging at functional levels. The convergence at these levels is powerfully being driven by internationalisation of equity markets, regulatory mechanisms, and international investors1 desire for corporate governance systems which are best fit for corporate efficiency, and shareholders' wealth and corporate value maximisation. In 2001, participants at the West Africa Regional Conference on Corporate Governance recommended, among other things, that "there is the need to customize international corporate governance principles to suit the challenges of the African sub-region" so as to attract foreign direct investment. This paper reviews this recommendation by examining the historical evolutions of the two traditional corporate governance systems, and the factors driving towards convergence. In addition the present state of corporate governance practice in Ghana is examined. It is argued that, the existing regulatory mechanisms should be reviewed and strengthened to adequately respond to global corporate governance practices (law and enforcement). It would be prudent to promote and allow market forces to evolve to best practice rather than customization.
Responsibility for Corporate Debts in Ghana: A Conceptual Perspective
Authors: Mordedzi B.
Published: April 2024

This paper analyses the corporate entity theory and the lifting of the corporate veil in Ghana. Two major principles form the basis of the analysis. First, a company is a separate legal entity with the powers of a natural person of full capacity. Secondly, members of the company usually have limited liability. The paper notes that there are many inroads into these principles. In some situations, the Companies Code 1963 (Act 179) enforces corporate debts and liabilities against the company. In other situations, the Companies Code enforces the company's debts and liabilities against corporate officers who knowingly allowed the commission of wrongful acts. This paper therefore concludes that, under the Companies Code, a company is both a separate corporate person and an economic entity. To this end, the courts can treat the acts of corporate officers as either those of the company itself or those of the officers themselves. This paper also urges the courts to abandon lifting the corporate veil and suggests that the courts should admit remedies based on well known business principles in agency, contract, conveyance, industrial law, insolvency, tort, and trust.
E-business in the Ghanaian Tourism Industry
Authors: Hinson R. E.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Ghana's tourism sector is hypothesized to be a major economic growth catalyst. The role of e-business in improving the fortunes of Ghana's tourism sector cannot be over emphasised. This exploratory study sought to generate a preliminary understanding of the benefits of e-business to tourism firms in Ghana and also to ascertain the commitment of top management to e-business development in Ghanaian tourism firms. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was exploratory and adopted a small scale survey approach. Data was collected by final year undergraduate students in the University of Ghana Business School from 60 tourism firms in Ghana. Presentation of findings is by simple descriptive statistics. Findings: The Research revealed that 56% of Managing Directors of Ghanaian tourism organizations are e-business champions. Advantages of e-business to tourism firms are distributed nearly proportionately across various firms' improvement parameters such as improvement in marketing management (14%) as well as improvement in process management (13%). Also reported were improvements in marketing communications (12%)z human resource management (10%), as well as improvement in distribution (9%). Other benefits reported were improved logistics management (8%), efficient financial management (8%) as well ase-scouting(4%). Research Implications: This study is the first in a series of studies that will investigate website use, Internet use, and e-commerce usage in Ghanaian tourism firms. This first study, therefore, provides some basis for hypothesis formulation in the upcoming studies alluded to earlier.Limitations: The Study is exploratory and therefore does not make any generalisable claims. It is only useful as an initial eye-opener to e-business issues in Ghana's tourism sector.Originality/Value: One of the few studies focusing on e-business adoption in the tourism sector in West Africa, in spite of the growing importance of the tourism sector.
Strategic planning and SMEs
Authors: Addaih S.
Published: April 2024

Do small enterprises need strategic planning? What should be the horizon of such a plan, given the high mortality rate of new ventures often postulated in the literature? A small business is not necessarily a little big business, so the elaborate corporate strategic planning process may not be strictly applicable to small enterprises. Consequently, within the constraints of their "smallness" what approaches to strategic planning can entrepreneurs use that will represent a middle ground of planning paralysis and no planning at all? This paper critically evaluates the importance and benefits of strategic planning to SMEs. It suggests that if planning is tailored to the appropriate stage of development of a typical small enterprise, then the few that may evolve as they grow could be developed into a strategic plan that provides direction for future growth.
Modelo de desarrollo sustentable para la promoción turística Agroecológica del Estado Barinas.
Authors: Fernández Alfonso José
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo deriva de una propuesta de un Catálogo Turístico Agroecológico, el cual tiene como objetivo elaborar un modelo de desarrollo sustentable para la promoción del turismo agroecológico en el Estado Barinas. Se planteó bajo el enfoque cualitativo de carácter descriptivo-campo, método Investigación Acción Participante (IAP) y técnica documental, el cual se contempla en tres Fases (Diagnóstico, Análisis y Diseño). El abordaje de esta investigación, se realizó la caracterización de la realidad según las categorías propuestas en la elaboración de un diagnóstico rápido participativo (DRP), donde se aprecia las diferentes potencialidades del estado Barinas, se evidencia durante tres (3) etapas de investigación la Caracterización de las Categorías (diagnóstico), el análisis de las potencialidades (FODA), y el Inventario Turístico, que permiten la recolección y sistematización de la información para diseñar  el Catálogo turístico Agroecológico. Arrojando como resultado, un modelo de desarrollo sustentable para la promoción turística del Estado Barinas, el cual servirá para dar a conocer la cultura, gastronomía, productos y servicios turísticos locales, la biodiversidad y las costumbres de la región llanera, permitiendo el impulso del turismo agroecológico a nivel nacional e internacional.
Una mirada a la episteme de los modelos gerenciales en la administración pública venezolana
Authors: Palacios Ramos Oscari Greymer
Published: April 2024

La Administración Pública está distribuida en una superestructura “Poder Público Nacional”. Se vincula con el ejercicio del poder y la implementación de políticas públicas en Venezuela, país con una diversidad de riquezas transmultiformes de la que aún no se tiene plena consciencia, por consiguiente, el estudio emergente e intersubjetivo de las “Ciencias Administrativas” y “Ciencias Gerenciales” ocupa un espacio importante dentro del quehacer científico y académico. Explorar con ojo analítico los modelos gerenciales en el ejercicio del poder y la aplicación de autoridad conlleva a un proceso descriptivo; seguidamente, habría que considerar qué aspectos de relevancia teórica y práctica se encuentran ausentes, en función de agregar valor, en el estricto sentido de informar sobre las incidencias de interés. Conviene focalizar las ventajas representativas en el marco de una realidad divergente que exige adaptación, conocimiento y mesura. El presente corresponde a un trabajo heurístico, de enfoque epistémico interpretativista; modelo cualitativo y tipo descriptivo; esgrime el diseño documental y el método deductivo; lo que le sitúa metodológicamente en concordancia con las investigaciones de corte prospectivo longitudinal. Finalmente, queda registrado el marco epistemológico gerencial en la transición hacia la “metamoderna”, realidad diversa donde los medios, sistemas y procesos “convencionales” resultan insuficientes.
Entornos virtuales para la formación del docente universitario en el área de turismo agroecológico
Authors: Fernández Alfonso José
Published: April 2024

Este artículo deriva de la formación docentes en el área de turismo agroecológico durante la pandemia Covid-19, a través del Curso de enseñanza del turismo agroecológico a través de herramientas tecnológicas de educación a distancia en cuarentena social. Este tiene como objetivo la sistematizar la experiencia educativa en el uso de Entornos virtuales para la formación docente en el área de turismo agroecológico. Para este trabajo se planifico, desarrollo y ejecuto el Curso bajo el Código VSC. 52220101, donde se utilizó la sistematización como metodología y práctica investigativa para abordar esta experiencia educativa, describir los procesos vividos y los resultados obtenidos. Como señala Jara (2012:22). Para ello, se diseñó el contenido y se inscribió al Programa de Vinculación Sociocomunitaria, se inició el proceso de promoción en las redes sociales de INATUR Barinas y UNELLEZ VPDS, a través de un formulario de Google forms, luego se planifico la construcción del aula invertida o Classroom y grupo de WhatsApp, donde se registraron 295 participantes, los cuales aprobaron 228 (115 Mujeres – 113 Hombres); se recabó la información a través FVSc- 002. Informe de Cierre VSC, arrojando como resultados 228 aulas virtuales y creación de la metodología 3P (Presentación, Ponencia y Participación). como conclusión, el uso de entornos virtuales de enseñanza permitió el impulsó de la carrera de turismo agroecológico aniv el nacional e internacional, partiendo de la formación continua, incorporando aplicaciones móviles como WhatsApp y Telegram, entornos educativos como YouTube, Moodle, Geneally, Wakele; estos generaron la aplicación de trabajos colaborativos, la innovación y transformación socioeducativa de los docentes en el proceso de aprendizaje del siglo XXI
La Unidad Tributaria y su Impacto en las Personas Naturales Asalariadas en Venezuela
Authors: Rojas Rico Gabriel Alejandro
Published: April 2024

Se analizó la Unidad Tributaria (UT) como Unidad de Corrección Económica en la Administración Tributaria desde su creación en el año 1994 hasta la actualidad y las dificultades que la subvaloraron: la precisión del Índice Nacional de Precios al Consumidor que debe publicar el Banco Central de Venezuela oportunamente en sus estadísticas; el reajuste que debe hacerse dentro de los primeros días del año, y la hiperinflación venezolana durante seis años. Se analizó el impacto de la UT en la Declaración Definitiva de Rentas del Impuesto sobre la Renta (ISLR) de las Personas Naturales (PN) para el año 2022. Es una investigación jurídica, con diseño documental y análisis crítico. En lo referente al análisis e interpretación de la información es descriptiva y narrativa por parte del autor, y en las conclusiones resalta la importancia de retomar la UT a los fines recaudadores del Estado, y como recomendación destaca exonerar del pago del ISLR a todas las PN asalariadas cuyos ingresos dependan del salario mínimo nacional mientras no se hagan los ajustes debidos a la UT y mientras el Salario Mínimo Nacional no se encuentre adecuado en un nivel óptimo que permita a los contribuyentes cumplir con sus obligaciones fiscales.
Modelo de cogestión del programa Qali Warma y la ejecución presupuestal periodo 2016
Authors: Beraun Chaca Joyce Evelyn , Huaranga Cristobal Ronald Tito
Published: April 2024

El Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar Qali Warma fue creado para ser una solución alternativa a los problemas del PRONNA, programa de alimentacion escolar anterior. Sin embargo, desde su implementación, se han informado diversos problemas similares a los que se pretendía solucionar. La Defensoría del Pueblo señaló que las escuelas carecen de infraestructura, mobiliario y servicios básicos adecuados para almacenar y preparar los alimentos. Además, otros autores han destacado que el Estado carece de indicadores para medir resultados, los proveedores no cumplen con los requisitos necesarios y una gran proporción de las adjudicaciones se otorgan a empresas no relacionadas con el sector alimentario. La cobertura de las instituciones educativas en Lima Metropolitana alcanza solo el 55%, y la ejecución presupuestal del programa es muy baja. Por lo tanto, se plantea evaluar la relación entre el modelo de cogestión del programa Qali Warma y la eficiente ejecución presupuestal, utilizando indicadores como la ejecución presupuestal, la cobertura focalizada y el cumplimiento de estándares de calidad. Es un estudio descriptivo, no experimental y ex post facto, de tipo aplicativo, que busca identificar relaciones entre fenómenos que ya han ocurrido en el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar Qali Warma. Los resultados del estudio indican que las va iables investigadas y sus dimensiones son independientes desde un punto de vista estadístico. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el modelo de cogestión del programa Qali Warma no está relacionado de manera estadística con la eficiencia de la ejecución presupuestal. Para lograr una efic
Las Edificaciones Universitarias desde la Perspectiva Robinsoniana
Authors: Manrique Hernández Piter Wladimir
Published: April 2024

Con el crecimiento cultural del Imperio Griego se desarrolló en el siglo V a. C. la figura de Sócrates (470 a.C-399 a.C), un hombre que destacó por aplicar una estrategia pedagógica basada en el diálogo en la búsqueda de fundamentos lógicos para la verdad. Al mismo tiempo, su discípulo Platón desarrollaba su propia visión a través de la filosofía y dejó una impronta indeleble en el pensamiento occidental. La visión de Sócrates y Platón frente a la creación de espacios pedagógicos, se refleja claramente en las edificaciones universitarias grandes y pequeñas de todo el mundo. En este sentido, Sócrates, creía que el conocimiento es inherente en el ser humano y que para tener una comprensión adecuada del mundo se necesita acceder a la verdad a través del diálogo. Una idea que se refleja en las edificaciones universitarias que permiten diálogos en clases, en la biblioteca o en el laboratorio de investigación. Entonces, tanto para él como para Platón, por un lado, se necesitan espacios de diálogo, pero por otro, la adquisición de conocimientos es tan importante que solo puede ocurrir en espacios dedicados al estudio.
Política de Gestión Articuladora para el Sistema Público Nacional de Salud
Authors: Rodríguez Armas Anggy Josefina
Published: April 2024

La gestión articuladora de los sistemas sanitarios en cada nación del mundo, es un eje fundamental para asegurar una plena cobertura hacia la población; ello nace, de las efectivas políticas materializadas en los territorios que minimizan la iniquidad y la desigualdad; por ejemplo, el llamado ruleteo de pacientes por diferentes centros de salud. Venezuela, no escapa de dicha realidad, siendo un nudo critico la fragmentación del sistema que ha requerido la construcción de proyectos de impacto nacional que permitan responder a esta necesidad, siendo precisamente este contexto del cual emerge la inquietud científica y la problemática abordada, en búsqueda de diseñar una política de gestión articuladora que estimulara la integración sectorial e intersectorial. Entre las teorías más relevantes que sustentan el estudio se tiene la vinculada a las contingencias y la nueva teoría estratégica, cuya base es la relación, la comunicación, la negociación, los acuerdos y la articulación social. Ahora bien, con respecto a la metodología se empleó el paradigma socio crítico, con un enfoque descriptivo, siendo el tipo de investigación de campo, apoyado en lo documental bajo la modalidad de proyecto factible, con una muestra de trecientos seis (306) servidores públicos, a los cuales se les aplico un cuestionario y para la visualización desde la práctica una lista de cotejo. El resultado más significativo fue la aplicación del proyecto con logros e indicadores positivos de impacto nacional 2022-2023, fortalecimiento del sistema de referencia, contrarreferencia en el país y propuesta de resolución, que bien se materializa gracias al requerimiento normativo que se detecta.
Créditos Sumario
Authors: Crítica con Ciencia Revista
Published: April 2024

Créditos Sumario.  Vol 2 Núm 3 Año 2024.  Revista Crítica con Ciencia (e-ISSN: 2958-9495). Universidad Politécnica Territorial de los Valles del Tuy
Cultural Leadership in Physical Education and Youth Sport
Authors: Storm Louise Kamuk , Svendsen Annemari Munk , Stambulova Natalia , Barker Dean , Ronkainen Noora , Bjørndal Christian Thue , Larsen Signe Højbjerre , Book Jr. Robert , Kuettel Andreas , Larsen Carsten Hvid , Henriksen Kristoffer
Published: April 2024

This paper is the product of a Nordic Think Tank. The purpose was to unify experienced educators and expert researchers to (a) provide a set of working definitions for cultural leadership in physical education and youth sport, and (b) set an agenda for future research and educational practice in both contexts. A cultural leader is the professional and social role of a person who has legitimacy (is in the position) and responsibility to develop, maintain, and (if needed) attempt to change culture of a group of learners, such as pupils or athletes, in the service of good (i.e., helps pupils or athletes to thrive inside and outside school or sport; are continuing to learn, develop in a holistic way, and meet their potential). Six postulates representing consensus views of the invited group are proposed: (1) cultural leadership is a meta-function that permeates all other pedagogical functions of the physical education teacher and the youth sport coach; (2) today cultural leadership is more important than ever; (3) cultural leadership in physical education and youth sport must be in the service of good; (4) cultural leadership in physical education and youth sport requires specific competencies and virtues; (5) culture is co-produced, but the physical education teacher and youth sport coach have a special responsibility; (6) cultural leadership should be integrated in physical education teacher education and youth sport coach education in the future; and future research should explore teachers and coaches as cultural leaders to inform future educational practices.
Creation of a multimedia electronic system "Wagon Building Plant"
Authors: Maslov Vitaly Nikolaevich , Baranova Elena Vyacheslavovna , Eryomina Vasilisa Vyacheslavovna
Published: April 2024

Currently, large-scale projects are being implemented in the Russian Federation to preserve the rich historical and cultural heritage. Digitization (scanning, preparation for machine processing, open access placement) of newspaper and documentary materials fully corresponds to this trend of state policy, fully contributes to the implementation of one of its directions – the preservation of the industrial heritage of the Soviet era. The digitized materials of the newspaper "Vagonostroitel" make up most of the issues of this small-circulation publication that have been preserved in the region. When combining the resulting array of digitized newspaper files with incomplete sets stored in the regional scientific library and the regional state archive, a full-fledged database of materials on the production activities of one of the largest enterprises in the region and the lives of its workers is created. Digitized materials with an effective search system are posted on the Internet (on the server of the I. Kant BFU). The implemented project makes the newspaper "Vagonostroitel" accessible to all those interested in the fate of the plant, helps the descendants of factory workers to learn about the lives of parents, grandparents, which contributes to the education of patriotic feelings and family values. The discovered and digitized office documentation transferred to the archive significantly complements the existing archival fund of the plant, expands the possibilities for a comprehensive and objective study of its history. During the implementation of the project, foreign and domestic, including leading Russian libraries and regional scientific libraries, experience in scanning and posting periodicals and scanning archival materials on the Internet was taken into account. Bitrix, Phyton, html, Python-tesseract, and Yandex Disk 360 programs were used to create the website of the Vagonzavod newspaper and the search engine for the digitized Vagonostroitel newspaper.
Organization of teaching the "Project activity" in the RUT (MIIT)
Authors: Bobrova Elena Viktorovna
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the author's practical experience in teaching the discipline "Project Activity" at the Institute of International Transport Communications (IMTC) of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT) in 2021-2023. Project activity, as an educational technology, is aimed at developing students' thinking/reflection skills through the formation of the ability to identify and solve a problem. The skills that students acquire in the process of learning project activities are universal, therefore, the teaching methodology and tools mastered by students can be successfully integrated into various humanitarian educational programs, including educational programs on history. The article provides a detailed classification of student projects, provides a detailed description of the RUT (MIIT) Project Activity Model and those methods (tools) that are used in the learning process. The most important from a methodological point of view are diagnostic projects implemented in the 1st semester in the 1st year, therefore they are described in the article in as much detail as possible (examples of the results of students' work are given). A survey of first-year students, who studied the discipline Project activity in the 1st semester of the 2023/2024 academic year, showed that the main tasks of project activity, such as stimulating students' motivation to study and the formation of universal meta-subject competencies, can be formed in the learning process and during one semester, within the framework of those academic hours, which are usually allocated for the PD discipline in the "History" field of study. At the same time, the most useful tools from the point of view of students are those that allow you to find out how everything really works, and what is the root cause of the problem; a problematic interview; the "5 why" method and the trees of current reality (root cause analysis).
Teaching Informatics and Mathematics to History Students: Experience of Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod
Authors: Akasheva Anna Anatol'evna
Published: April 2024

The article is based on the report made by the author at the scientific and methodological seminar of the Association "History and Computer" and the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, which was held on January 2024. The subject of the analysis are the names and hourly volume (in academic hours) of disciplines of informatics and mathematical cycle of the National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky or Lobachevsky University) from 1984 to 2023. N.I. Lobachevsky National Research State University from 1984 to 2023, the names of graduate qualification works made at the Department of Information Technologies in Humanities from 2007 to 2023, the names of teaching aids for 2010 to 2023, published by teachers of the department. It is revealed that the subjects of information and mathematical cycle for 40 years of their teaching in IMOMI NNGU have become more specialised and practice-oriented, both in bachelor's and master's degrees. The restored initial period of teaching quantitative methods in history in the 1980s, based on the recollections of colleagues and the first lecturer S.V. Subbotin, is of independent importance. A complete list of information and mathematical disciplines in 2023-2024 is given. The basic information about the Department of Information Technologies in Humanities Studies, which has been responsible for teaching the above disciplines since 2007, is given. It is found that since 2007 the ITGI department has graduated 86 students, 31 per cent of whom used quantitative methods and computer technologies in their final qualification works. The importance of cloud technologies in the possibilities of distributed project work of undergraduate students is shown. It is concluded that the main formed information competence of historians is a critical attitude to the digitisation of historical sources and their publication on the Internet.
In memory of Tamara Fyodorovna Izmestyeva (16.10.1941 – 02/19/2024)
Authors: Borodkin Leonid Iosifovich , Valetov Timur Yakubovich , Garskova Irina Markovna , Salomatina Sof'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2024

This article is dedicated to the memory of Tamara Fedorovna Izmestyeva, a well-known specialist in the field of economic history and historical information science. A graduate of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, she began her scientific and teaching work at the Faculty of History in 1969 at the Department of Source Studies, then as a researcher and senior researcher at the interdepartmental Laboratory of Historical Information Science, transformed into the Department of the same name. Tamara Fyodorovna's research interests lay in the mainstream of both economic history and historical information science. In 1991, the publishing house of Moscow State University published a monograph based on her dissertation "Russia in the European market system, late XIX – early XX century". T.F.Izmestyeva became one of the founders of the Association "History and Computer" (AIK), she was a member of the organizing committees of many AIK conferences, participated in the organization of schools for young scholars. The article uses publications by T.F. Izmestyeva in the journals "Russian History", "Economic History. Review", "Historical Information Scince", "AIK Newsletter", her presentations at Russian and international conferences, memoirs of colleagues and students. The article gives a high assessment of T.F. Izmestyeva's research and teaching work. Publications on economic history reflected her interests in the field of studying the foreign market of the Russian Empire, analyzing mass statistical sources. Tamara Fyodorovna introduced "economic tools" into research on economic history. In the field of historical information science, she paid much attention to the creation of historically oriented databases, source studies and methodological problems of working with mass statistical data. She has co-authored a number of textbooks, including "Quantitative Methods in Historical Research", "Historical Information Science", "Computerized Statistical Analysis for Historians", "Inforfmation Science for Humanities", "Information Technology for Historians".
Zemstvo medicine and healthcare seeking in the late 19th – early 20th centuries: evidence from Samara uezd
Authors: Danilov Evgenii Vladimirovich
Published: April 2024

This article examines the state of zemstvo medicine in Samara uezd in 1886–1913. An important aspect of this analysis is the study of healthcare seeking, which serves both as a statistical parameter of the frequency of medical care seeking and an indicator of very complex sociocultural dynamics within certain society. One’s decision to visit a hospital, and in general one’s perception of his or her own physical body and its deviations and abnormalities in medical terms are influenced by multiple factors that are not limited to the characteristics of the healthcare systems. Similar issues are studied in detail within the framework of medicalization, as well as the methodology of health seeking behavior, which examines the factors behind people’s decisions to follow healthy lifestyles, including visiting hospitals. This research is based on medical and statistical reports of the Samara uezd physicians in the late 19th – early 20th centuries and examines the temporal and spatial dynamics of the healthcare seeking; the main purpose of this study is to measure disparity levels of healthcare seeking practices in different parts of Samara uezd. Firstly, the study reveals that in the infrastructural aspect, healthcare in the Samara uezd was in an active development stage, which reflected in an increase in both the number of medical stations and hospitals, and physicians and paramedics. Secondly, the healthcare seeking rates was also evolved in a positive direction, which is reflected in an increase in both the number of medical services delivered to population. Furthermore, it shows the decrease of heterogeneity level of healthcare seeking rates between medical stations in uezd from 1898 to 1913; however, this level between the volosts remains high even after 15 years.
Primarias abiertas y simultáneas en América Latina. Una propuesta preliminar para su estudio comparativo
Authors: Buquet Daniel , Gallo Ariadna
Published: April 2024

Objective/context: This article presents a comparative analysis of the system of simultaneous and open presidential primaries (PAS, for its acronym in Spanish) in Latin American countries that have adopted legislation on the subject. In what appears to be a growing trend, nine countries—with differences among them—have established a PAS regime regulated by the electoral body and with public financing. Methodology: First, a description is presented to characterize and classify different PAS systems, considering their main normative differences. Then, hypotheses about their possible effects are proposed based on the literature on presidential primaries and electoral systems. Finally, taking into account the results of the primaries carried out and the subsequent presidential elections, an attempt is made to show to what extent the PAS system encourages citizen participation and competition for nomination, whether it favors or harms the parties that carry them out, and its capacity to stabilize the party system. Conclusions: Factors that stimulate participation, such as compulsory voting and simultaneity with other elections, and encourage competition, such as open presidential ticket, are identified. No institutional factors are found to directly benefit or harm the groups that decide the candidacy in a primary, although conflicting primaries seem to affect them. The ability of the PAS system to stabilize party systems seems to depend on its interaction with other institutional and political factors. Originality: This is the first work that ventures into a comparative analysis of the PAS system with regional coverage.
Lygia Fagundes Telles e René Magritte: diálogos entre textos e telas
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Paula Dias
Published: April 2024

Ana Paula Dias Rodrigues propõe o diálogo entre três pares de contos de Lygia Fagundes Telles e telas de René Magritte, analisando os aspectos intrínsecos das obra. Essas análises destacam fatores ligados ao funcionamento de cada sistema, e o exercício intersemiótico ilumina as questões ligadas ao funcionamento das respectivas linguagens. Dessa maneira, o livro apresenta uma perspectiva nova de se ler Lygia Fagundes Telles, tendo como elemento condutor a implicação metalinguística da consciência artística, o que possibilita a sua aproximação com o pintor belga. Assim, contos da escritora são projetados em telas de Magritte e por elas iluminados, da mesma maneira que telas do pintor refletem os mistérios dos textos da escritora brasileira. O resultado são análises originais e instigantes, que revelam a consciência crítica e a sensibilidade perceptiva da autora.
Balancing metabolism and reproduction
Authors: Zhang Songdou , An Shiheng
Published: April 2024

The bacterium responsible for a disease that infects citrus plants across Asia facilitates its own proliferation by increasing the fecundity of its host insect.
Assessing the quality and reliability of YouTube videos as a source of information on inflammatory back pain
Authors: Kara Mete , Ozduran Erkan , Mercan Kara Müge , Hanci Volkan , Erkin Yüksel
Published: April 2024

Background

Inflammatory back pain is a chronic condition with localized pain, particularly in the axial spine and sacroiliac joints, that is associated with morning stiffness and improves with exercise. YouTube is the second most frequently used social media platform for accessing health information. This study sought to investigate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on inflammatory back pain (IBP).

Methods

The study design was planned as cross-sectional. A search was conducted using the term “inflammatory back pain,” and the first 100 videos that met the inclusion criteria were selected on October 19, 2023. The data of the videos selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the study settings were examined. Videos with English language, with audiovisual content , had a duration >30 s, non-duplicated and primary content related to IBP were included in the study. A number of video parameters such as the number of likes, number of views, duration, and content categories were assessed. The videos were assessed for reliability using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark criteria and the DISCERN tool. Quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS). Continuous variables were checked for normality of distribution using Shapiro–Wilk test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze the continuous data depending on the number of groups. Categorical data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test.

Results

Reliability assessment based on JAMA scores showed 21% of the videos to have high reliability. Quality assessment based on GQS results showed 19% of the videos to have high quality. JAMA, DISCERN, and GQS scores differed significantly by source of video (p < 0.001, < 0.001, and = 0.002, respectively). Video duration had a moderate positive correlation with scores from the GQS (r = 0.418, p < 0.001), JAMA (r = 0.484, p < 0.001), and modified DISCERN (r = 0.418, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of the present study showed that YouTube offers videos of low reliability and low quality on inflammatory back pain. Health authorities have a responsibility to protect public health and should take proactive steps regarding health information shared on social media platforms.
Aplicativo para controle financeiro de estudantes universitários
Authors: Andrade Ismael Kentenich Mesquita , Souza Paulo Roberto Abrahão de , Pinto Reni Aparecido Norberto , Ribeiro Marcela Xavier , Borges Vânia de Oliveira , Piantino Luiz Fernando Moura , Reis Maria Jose , Cedran Paulo Cesar
Published: April 2024

Este estudo trata do desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel destinado ao controle financeiro, com o objetivo de facilitar a gestão de despesas compartilhadas entre estudantes universitários, especialmente para aqueles que vivem em repúblicas. O objetivo é fornecer um aplicativo que auxilie na gestão eficiente das finanças pessoais e despesas compartilhadas, a fim de promover maior autonomia financeira dos estudantes. A pesquisa adotou a metodologia Design Science Research (DSR), que envolveu etapas de identificação do problema, pesquisa de requisitos, desenvolvimento do aplicativo, avaliação do artefato e comunicação dos resultados. O aplicativo foi desenvolvido utilizando as tecnologias como JavaScript, TypeScript, React Native e Expo, permitindo sua disponibilização para as plataformas Android e iOS e garantindo compatibilidade com os principais dispositivos móveis da atualidade. Conclui-se que o aplicativo desenvolvido teve uma contribuição significativa para o controle financeiro e a gestão de despesas compartilhadas entre estudantes universitários.
A classificação das distâncias e agrupamentos de diversos elementos musicais através de três métodos de avaliação de similaridades desenvolvidos na psicologia cognitiva: Modelo de Contraste, Alinhamento Estrutural e Transformação
Authors: Lázzari Ednilson José Toledo , Netto Amilcar Zani
Published: April 2024

O estudo tem como objetivo utilizar três métodos de avaliação de similaridades desenvolvidos na psicologia cognitiva na classificação das distâncias e agrupamentos dos acordes diatônicos nas tonalidades maior e menor, levando em consideração as quatro escalas tonais (Jônio, Eólio, Menor Harmônica e Menor Melódica), das vinte e quatro tonalidades, também levando em consideração as quatro escalas tonais, das quarenta e oito séries do Concerto para Violino de Alban Berg e de alguns conjuntos representantes de escalas na teoria musical. Os métodos empregados são: o Modelo de Contraste, que pondera as características comuns e distintas entre os objetos comparados (Tversky 1977); o Alinhamento Estrutural, que classifica as similaridades através da distinção entre dois tipos de diferenças e dois tipos de comunalidades (Gentner; Markman 1995, 1997; Goldstone 1994; Markman; Gentner 1990, 1993a, 1993b, 1993c, 1996); e a Transformação, que avalia as similaridades através do número de operações necessárias para transformar um objeto em outro (Chater; Hahn 1997; Hahn; Chater; Richardson 2003; Hahn; Richardson; Chater 2001).
Pathological Complete Response with Platinum Containing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer: An Interventional Study
Authors: Jose Binila Mary , Kumar VR Ajith , Meloot Suma Susan
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) accounts for 20% of all breast cancer cases globally and responds well to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The standard Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) regimen for TNBC includes 4+4 cycles of anthracycline, cyclophosphamide, and taxane. Integrating platinum agents into the NAC has gained attention as an effective treatment for TNBC. Aim: To estimate the proportion of pathological Complete Response (pCR) in TNBC patients receiving platinum-based NAC. Materials and Methods: This interventional study enrolled 73 non metastatic TNBC patients who attended the radiotherapy Outpatient Department (OPD) of Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram Kerala, India from April 2022 to April 2023. All patients underwent a complete history, physical examination, and tumour histopathology with Oestrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) receptor status assessment. Patients were treated with the NAC regimen: Epirubicin 90 mg/m2 , Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 intravenously every three weeks for four cycles followed by Paclitaxel 175 mg/ m2 , Carboplatin according to Area Under Curve (AUC)-5 by intravenous administration every three weeks for four cycles. Clinical response was evaluated after the completion of NAC using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) criteria. pCR assessment was conducted postsurgery. Study variables were entered into Microsoft Excel, and the analysis was performed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: Out of 73 patients with a mean age of 54.4 years, 33 (45.2%) patients showed complete response on clinical examination after eight cycles of Carboplatin-containing NAC, and 23 (31.5%) patients achieved pCR. Total 30 (41.1%) patients experienced complications during chemotherapy, with neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy being the most common, each occurring in 22 (30.1%) patients. Conclusion: In present study, one-third of the patients achieved pCR with platinum-based NAC with an acceptable side-effect profile. It represents a beneficial treatment option for TNBC patients; however, the impact of pCR on survival requires further validation through long-term studies. Given the poor prognosis and limited treatment options for TNBC, the addition of affordable and available agents to the existing chemotherapy regimen could potentially revolutionize the treatment of these patients.
Shining a Light on Hidden Thyroids: A Case Exploring the Potential of Technetium Imaging for Lingual Thyroid Diagnosis
Authors: Madoure Anbarasi
Published: April 2024

Ectopic thyroid, the presence of thyroid tissue in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages, is the most common form of thyroid dysgenesis. A 32-year-old female patient sought medical attention at the Otolaryngology Department with a foreign body sensation in her throat. To ensure an accurate diagnosis, hereby, the authors conducted a comprehensive diagnostic work-up, which included Technetium-99 (Tc-99m) scanning. Remarkably, the scanning results revealed radiotracer uptake in the base of the tongue while indicating an absence of uptake in the thyroid bed. By shedding light on present captivating case, the present report offers valuable insights into the usage of Technetium imaging in diagnosing doubtful Lingual Thyroid (LT) cases.
Comparison of BPL™ Video Laryngoscope and Macintosh Laryngoscope Guided Throat Packing for Head and Neck Surgeries: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Mitragotri Milon Vasant
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Evidence regarding throat packing for head and neck surgeries is limited. A video laryngoscope, an airway adjunct used for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, can also effectively pack the throat. Aim: To compare the Time Taken for Throat Packing (TTTP) using a non-channeled video laryngoscope BPL™ versus the conventional Macintosh larynogoscope direct laryngoscope. Materials and Methods: In this non-inferiority, randomised controlled, single-blind study, 72 patients undergoing head and neck surgeries requiring throat packing were recruited. The non-inferiority margin was set at 10 seconds between the two groups (n=36 each). Throat packing in Group-M and Group-V was performed using the Macintosh and video laryngoscopes with the assistance of Magill’s forceps. The TTTP was recorded from the blade insertion to complete blade removal. A one-sided two-sample unpaired t-test was used to test non-inferiority hypothesis considered in this study. Results: The mean age of patients in Group-M was 37.39 years and in Group-V was 33.65 years, with mean weights of 60.89 kg and 56.32 kg, respectively. The mean TTTP difference between Group-M and Group-V was found to be -12.6 seconds with a lower limit of the one-sided 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of −20.6s. The null hypothesis was accepted, concluding that video laryngoscope-guided throat packing took a longer duration. The ease of throat packing, haemodynamic stress response, and Postoperative Sore Throat (POST) were comparable between both groups. Conclusion: Video laryngoscope-guided throat packing is inferior to conventional Macintosh throat packing in terms of TTTP. However, it is equivocal regarding the ease of throat packing and the stress response induced. POST was the same whether throat packing was performed using a video laryngoscope or a Macintosh laryngoscope.
Феодализм на горизонте, или сорок лет спустя (часть I)
Authors: Уваров П.Ю.
Published: April 2024

В статье анализируются материалы, опубликованные в 2023 г. в тематическом выпуске журнала «Мастерская Центра исторических исследований» (L’Atelier du Centre de recherches historiques) и связанные как с деятельностью Общества по изучению феодализма (Société d’études du féodalisme (SEF)), существовавшего в 1975-1983 гг., так и с современными работами, посвященными трактовкам феодализма во французской историографии XIX-XXI вв. и «марксистскому следу» в исследовании этих проблем. Рассматриваются конкретно-исторические характеристики периода деятельности SEF. Судьбы термина «феодализм» и его дериватов, прослеживаемые в аналитическом обзоре выпуска, сопоставляются с историографической ситуацией в России. Делается вывод о необходимости работы над терминами и теоретическими понятиями, способными предложить взгляд на средневековое общество как на целостность. В противном случае профессиональное сообщество медиевистов прекратит свое существование за счет эффекта сверхспециализации
Спорные вопросы восточноевропейской и русской истории IX-XVI вв. В «лекциях» Б.Н. Флори
Authors: Лукин Павел Владимирович
Published: April 2024

В статье анализируются опубликованные в 2021 г. курсы лекций, читавшихся студентам Московского государственного университета видным российским славистом Борисом Николаевичем Флорей. Темы курсов весьма разнообразны и охватывают различные аспекты истории допетровской России. В этой статье автор сосредотачивается на характеристике трех первых курсов (общий курс русской средневековой истории, курсы по истории Новгорода периода самостоятельности и истории Рязанской земли) и особое внимание уделяет трактовке Б.Н. Флорей истории Новгорода периода самостоятельности. Впервые в одной книге сформулированы концептуальные подходы Б.Н. Флори к русской истории IX-XVI вв. Важнейшее место среди них занимает концепция «служебной организации», свидетельства существования которой на Руси были обнаружены впервые Б.Н. Флорей. Этому способствовало прекрасное знание Б.Н. Флорей истории раннесредневековых Польши и Чехии, где наличие такой системы, делавшей эти общества очень отличающимися от синхронных западноевропейских, было установлено исследователями ранее. В курсе истории Новгорода периода самостоятельности предлагается стройная система эволюции его социально-экономического и политического строя. Переломным моментом в ней, по мысли Б.Н. Флори, было распространение в Новгородской земле в XIV- XV вв. крупной земельной собственности знати. Это привело к глубокому социальному расслоению, кризису новгородского политического устройства и, в конечном счете, поражению Новгорода в противостоянии с Москвой. Эти выводы в целом представляются справедливыми, однако некоторые аспекты истории Новгорода, особенно ее позднего периода, по мнению автора, могут быть интерпретированы иначе. «Лекции» Б.Н. Флори - серьезный научный труд, хотя и подготовленный в виде лекционного курса. Знакомство с ним было бы полезно не только специалистам по отечественной истории, но и всем медиевистам, особенно интересующимся сравнительно-историческими исследованиями.