bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full-scale testing of high-strength RACFST columns subjected to axial compression
Authors: Niu Hai-cheng , Cao Wan-lin
Published: November 2014

The axial compression performance of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns using high-strength recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) instead of normal concrete (NC) was studied in an attempt to use demolition debris for effective recycling in construction works. Five specimens (three RAC-filled steel tubular (RACFST) columns and two reference CFST columns) were tested to investigate the influence of tube shape (circular or square), concrete type (NC or RAC) and internal structure (installation of a steel reinforcement cage or not). The test results indicate that damage development and failure mode of RACFST columns are similar to those of CFST columns. For the same cross-sectional area, steel ratio and material strength, circular section specimens were found to have a higher load-bearing capacity and better deformability than square section specimens. The replacement of NC with RAC has relatively less influence on the axial compressive behaviour of square section specimens than on circular specimens. A steel reinforcement cage inside the square section specimen was found to strengthen confinement to the core concrete, which significantly improved the bearing capacity and deformability. The results obtained are compared with the ultimate strengths of RACFST columns predicted using existing design codes. Considering the size effect, a formula for calculation of the bearing capacity of square CFST columns is suggested; comparisons of the predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data.
Partnering in practice: an analysis of collaboration and trust
Authors: Challender Jason , Farrell Peter , Sherratt Fred
Published: November 2014

Many authoritative sources are calling for collaborative and integrated working to be used as a vehicle to obtain better value, levels of quality and service delivery. However, clients in the current economic climate may feel vulnerable about entering into arrangements built on collaborative working practices, which could be deemed as taking unnecessary risk. The effects of recent austerity on collaborative working are explored in this study, with particular emphasis on the positioning of trust within such relationships and its manifestation in practice. A qualitative research methodology approach is adopted through interviews with eight senior UK construction professionals. Findings from the research suggest that construction clients have returned to traditional competitive procurement methods based on lowest cost, seeking to reduce risk in their practices and maintain control in uncertain times. Perceptions of collaborative working have shifted within the austerity context, and individuals have responded with a quest for job security, which has in turn developed risk-averse work practices and affected the establishment of long-term collaborative relationships. Sceptical considerations of collaboration have re-emerged, the abuse of collaborative relationships for financial benefits and employing austerity as leverage. Further research is recommended to examine the repercussions of this shift in both practice and philosophy.
Policy engagement of road professionals in emerging economies
Authors: McLoughlin Andrew , Evdorides Harry
Published: November 2014

Road transport policy may be seen as a framework to make decisions about road infrastructure so that economic growth may be supported. This paper summarises the findings of a survey which aimed to examine the degree to which senior road transport executives of middle- and low-income countries are familiar with their national road transport policy, together with their perceptions about whether the road policy addressed the development needs of such countries. The main findings of the survey were that the exposure of road transport sector professionals to their countries' national road transport policy was sometimes insufficient; their level of awareness about the developmental needs addressed by road policy was not comprehensive, and this applied also to their knowledge of systems for monitoring and evaluation of policy implementation.
Anterior Tibial Artery Injury Following Tibiotalocalcaneal Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Ferrel Jason R. , Davis Richard L. , Witte Zackary W. , Feibel Jonathan B.
Published: November 2014

Case:

We report the case of a patient who sustained injury to the anterior tibial artery during tibiotalocalcaneal retrograde nailing and developed an acutely ischemic foot.

Conclusion:

Vascular injury during tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with retrograde nailing is a rare but serious complication. While retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis nailing for end-stage ankle and subtalar arthritis has shown encouraging results, a high index of suspicion for postoperative complications is necessary in patients with risk factors for poor posterior collateral circulation.
Global Numerical Constraints on Trees
Authors: Bárcenas Everardo , Lavalle Jesús
Published: November 2014

We introduce a logical foundation to reason on tree structures with
constraints on the number of node occurrences. Related formalisms are limited
to express occurrence constraints on particular tree regions, as for instance
the children of a given node. By contrast, the logic introduced in the present
work can concisely express numerical bounds on any region, descendants or
ancestors for instance. We prove that the logic is decidable in single
exponential time even if the numerical constraints are in binary form. We also
illustrate the usage of the logic in the description of numerical constraints
on multi-directional path queries on XML documents. Furthermore, numerical
restrictions on regular languages (XML schemas) can also be concisely described
by the logic. This implies a characterization of decidable counting extensions
of XPath queries and XML schemas. Moreover, as the logic is closed under
negation, it can thus be used as an optimal reasoning framework for testing
emptiness, containment and equivalence.
Unsolvability Cores in Classification Problems
Authors: Walter Hermann K. -G. , Brandt Ulrike
Published: November 2014

Classification problems have been introduced by M. Ziegler as a
generalization of promise problems. In this paper we are concerned with
solvability and unsolvability questions with respect to a given set or language
family, especially with cores of unsolvability. We generalize the results about
unsolvability cores in promise problems to classification problems. Our main
results are a characterization of unsolvability cores via cohesiveness and
existence theorems for such cores in unsolvable classification problems. In
contrast to promise problems we have to strengthen the conditions to assert the
existence of such cores. In general unsolvable classification problems with
more than two components exist, which possess no cores, even if the set family
under consideration satisfies the assumptions which are necessary to prove the
existence of cores in unsolvable promise problems. But, if one of the
components is fixed we can use the results on unsolvability cores in promise
problems, to assert the existence of such cores in general. In this case we
speak of conditional classification problems and conditional cores. The
existence of conditional cores can be related to complexity cores. Using this
connection we can prove for language families, that conditional cores with
recursive components exist, provided that this family admits an uniform
solution for the word problem.
Interaction and Depth against Nondeterminism in Proof Search
Authors: Kahramanogullari Ozan
Published: November 2014

Deep inference is a proof theoretic methodology that generalizes the standard
notion of inference of the sequent calculus, whereby inference rules become
applicable at any depth inside logical expressions. Deep inference provides
more freedom in the design of deductive systems for different logics and a rich
combinatoric analysis of proofs. In particular, construction of exponentially
shorter analytic proofs becomes possible, however with the cost of a greater
nondeterminism than in the sequent calculus. In this paper, we show that the
nondeterminism in proof search can be reduced without losing the shorter proofs
and without sacrificing proof theoretic cleanliness. For this, we exploit an
interaction and depth scheme in the logical expressions. We demonstrate our
method on deep inference systems for multiplicative linear logic and classical
logic, discuss its proof complexity and its relation to focusing, and present
implementations.
A Concurrent Pattern Calculus
Authors: Given-Wilson Thomas , Gorla Daniele , Jay Barry
Published: November 2014

Concurrent pattern calculus (CPC) drives interaction between processes by
comparing data structures, just as sequential pattern calculus drives
computation. By generalising from pattern matching to pattern unification,
interaction becomes symmetrical, with information flowing in both directions.
CPC provides a natural language to express trade where information exchange is
pivotal to interaction. The unification allows some patterns to be more
discriminating than others; hence, the behavioural theory must take this aspect
into account, so that bisimulation becomes subject to compatibility of
patterns. Many popular process calculi can be encoded in CPC; this allows for a
gain in expressiveness, formalised through encodings.
Refinement and Difference for Probabilistic Automata
Authors: Delahaye Benoît , Fahrenberg Uli , Larsen Kim G. , Legay Axel
Published: November 2014

This paper studies a difference operator for stochastic systems whose
specifications are represented by Abstract Probabilistic Automata (APAs). In
the case refinement fails between two specifications, the target of this
operator is to produce a specification APA that represents all witness PAs of
this failure. Our contribution is an algorithm that allows to approximate the
difference of two APAs with arbitrary precision. Our technique relies on new
quantitative notions of distances between APAs used to assess convergence of
the approximations, as well as on an in-depth inspection of the refinement
relation for APAs. The procedure is effective and not more complex to implement
than refinement checking.
Decidability Results for the Boundedness Problem
Authors: Blumensath Achim , Otto Martin , Weyer Mark
Published: November 2014

We prove decidability of the boundedness problem for monadic least
fixed-point recursion based on positive monadic second-order (MSO) formulae
over trees. Given an MSO-formula phi(X,x) that is positive in X, it is
decidable whether the fixed-point recursion based on phi is spurious over the
class of all trees in the sense that there is some uniform finite bound for the
number of iterations phi takes to reach its least fixed point, uniformly across
all trees. We also identify the exact complexity of this problem. The proof
uses automata-theoretic techniques. This key result extends, by means of
model-theoretic interpretations, to show decidability of the boundedness
problem for MSO and guarded second-order logic (GSO) over the classes of
structures of fixed finite tree-width. Further model-theoretic transfer
arguments allow us to derive major known decidability results for boundedness
for fragments of first-order logic as well as new ones.
Real Analytic Machines and Degrees
Authors: Gärtner Tobias , Ziegler Martin
Published: November 2014

We study and compare in two degree-theoretic ways (iterated Halting oracles
analogous to Kleene's arithmetical hierarchy and the Borel hierarchy of
descriptive set theory) the capabilities and limitations of three models of
analytic computation: BSS machines (aka real-RAM) and strongly/weakly analytic
machines as introduced by Hotz et. al. (1995).
On the mathematical synthesis of equational logics
Authors: Fiore Marcelo , Hur Chung-Kil
Published: November 2014

We provide a mathematical theory and methodology for synthesising equational
logics from algebraic metatheories. We illustrate our methodology by means of
two applications: a rational reconstruction of Birkhoff's Equational Logic and
a new equational logic for reasoning about algebraic structure with
name-binding operators.
Algorithmic Randomness and Capacity of Closed Sets
Authors: Cenzer Douglas , Brodhead Paul , Toska Ferit , Wyman Sebastian
Published: November 2014

We investigate the connection between measure, capacity and algorithmic
randomness for the space of closed sets. For any computable measure m, a
computable capacity T may be defined by letting T(Q) be the measure of the
family of closed sets K which have nonempty intersection with Q. We prove an
effective version of Choquet's capacity theorem by showing that every
computable capacity may be obtained from a computable measure in this way. We
establish conditions on the measure m that characterize when the capacity of an
m-random closed set equals zero. This includes new results in classical
probability theory as well as results for algorithmic randomness. For certain
computable measures, we construct effectively closed sets with positive
capacity and with Lebesgue measure zero. We show that for computable measures,
a real q is upper semi-computable if and only if there is an effectively closed
set with capacity q.
Conway games, algebraically and coalgebraically
Authors: Honsell Furio , Lenisa Marina
Published: November 2014

Using coalgebraic methods, we extend Conway's theory of games to possibly
non-terminating, i.e. non-wellfounded games (hypergames). We take the view that
a play which goes on forever is a draw, and hence rather than focussing on
winning strategies, we focus on non-losing strategies. Hypergames are a
fruitful metaphor for non-terminating processes, Conway's sum being similar to
shuffling. We develop a theory of hypergames, which extends in a non-trivial
way Conway's theory; in particular, we generalize Conway's results on game
determinacy and characterization of strategies. Hypergames have a rather
interesting theory, already in the case of impartial hypergames, for which we
give a compositional semantics, in terms of a generalized Grundy-Sprague
function and a system of generalized Nim games. Equivalences and congruences on
games and hypergames are discussed. We indicate a number of intriguing
directions for future work. We briefly compare hypergames with other notions of
games used in computer science.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Oklahoma Conventional and Organic Retail Poultry
Authors: Noormohamed Aneesa , Fakhr Mohamed K
Published: November 2014

Campylobacteris one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis.This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofCampylobacterin conventional and organic retail poultry samples purchased from grocery stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma.One hundred and fifty six chilled retail chicken samples (85 conventional and 71 organic) and 65 chilled retail conventional turkey samples were collected in this study. The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional chicken samples 32/85 (38%) was higher than in the organic ones 21/71 (30%). The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional turkey samples was 11/65 (17%). Of the 53 positive chicken samples, 42 wereC. jejuni, 8 wereC. coliand three isolates were contaminated with both species. Of the 11 positive turkey samples, 8 containedC. jejuniand 3 harboredC. coliisolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of one hundred and forty nine recoveredCampylobacterisolates (130 chickens and 19 turkeys) towards sixteen antimicrobials was determined. The majority of the recovered turkey isolates (13/19) showed resistance to more than 7 antimicrobials while most of the recovered chicken ones (82/130) were resistant to 5 to 7 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was not limited to isolates from conventional sources but was also available in isolates of an organic background and was generally lower inC. jejuniisolates when compared to theC. coliones.
Management of End Stage Renal Disease-Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Rashid Harun Ur
Published: November 2014

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The treatment of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for patients with ESRD is expensive. There is a direct relationship between per capita income and treatment of ESRD. Eighty five per cent of the world’s population lives in low income or middle-income countries, where the mortality is highest in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The future perspective is not satisfactory for Bangladesh where treatment of ESRD is out of reach for majority of people. Effort should made for prevention and treatment of CKD at an initial stage of disease.
Stillbirth and Stigma: The Spoiling and Repair of Multiple Social Identities
Authors: Brierley-Jones Lyn , Crawley Rosalind , Lomax Samantha , Ayers Susan
Published: November 2014

This study investigated mothers' experiences surrounding stillbirth in the United Kingdom, their memory making and sharing opportunities, and the effect these opportunities had on them. Qualitative data were generated from free text responses to open-ended questions. Thematic content analysis revealed that “stigma” was experienced by most women and Goffman's (1963) work on stigma was subsequently used as an analytical framework. Results suggest that stillbirth can spoil the identities of “patient,” “mother,” and “full citizen.” Stigma was reported as arising from interactions with professionals, family, friends, work colleagues, and even casual acquaintances. Stillbirth produces common learning experiences often requiring “identity work” (Murphy, 2012). Memory making and sharing may be important in this work and further research is needed. Stigma can reduce the memory sharing opportunities for women after stillbirth and this may explain some of the differential mental health effects of memory making after stillbirth that is documented in the literature.
The Possible Effects on Bereavement of Assisted After-Death Communication during Readings with Psychic Mediums: A Continuing Bonds Perspective
Authors: Beischel Julie , Mosher Chad , Boccuzzi Mark
Published: November 2014

Unresolved, complicated, prolonged, or traumatic grief can have detrimental effects on mental and/or physical health. The effects of traditional grief counseling, with its focus on the client's acceptance of separation and integration of loss, are unclear. Within the model of continuing bonds, however, grief resolution includes an ongoing relationship between the living and the deceased. Spontaneous and induced experiences of after-death communication (ADC) have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of grief by demonstrating these continued bonds. Presently, many bereaved individuals are experiencing assisted ADCs by receiving readings from psychic mediums and though little is known about the effects of this selfprescribed treatment option, anecdotal reports and exploratory data posit a positive outcome. This article aims to inform those who work with the bereaved about the relationships between grief, spontaneous, induced, and assisted ADC experiences, and the continuing bonds paradigm. Suggestions for future research are also included.
Antagonism at combined effects of chemical fertilizers and carbamate insecticides on the rice-field N2-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. in vitro
Authors: Padhy Rabindra N. , Nayak Nabakishore , Rath Shakti
Published: November 2014

Effects of chemical fertilizers (urea, super phosphate and potash) on toxicities of two carbamate insecticides, carbaryl and carbofuran, individually to the N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. were studied in vitro at partially lethal levels (below highest permissive concentrations) of each insecticide. The average number of vegetative cells between two polar heterocysts was 16.3 in control cultures, while the mean value of filament length increased in the presence of chemical fertilizers, individually. Urea at the 10 ppm level was growth stimulatory and at the 50 ppm level it was growth inhibitory in control cultures, while at 100 ppm it was antagonistic, i.e. toxicity-enhancing along with carbaryl, individually to the cyanobacterium, antagonism was recorded. Urea at 50 ppm had toxicity reducing effect with carbaryl or carbofuran. At 100 and 250 ppm carbofuran levels, 50 ppm urea only had a progressive growth enhancing effect, which was marked well at 250 ppm carbofuran level, a situation of synergism. Super phosphate at the 10 ppm level only was growth promoting in control cultures, but it was antagonistic at its higher levels (50 and 100 ppm) along with both insecticides, individually. Potash (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) reduced toxicity due to carbaryl 20 and carbofuran 250 ppm levels, but potash was antagonistic at the other insecticide levels. The data clearly showed that the chemical fertilizers used were antagonistic with both the insecticides during toxicity to Cylindrospermum sp.
Peripheral blood and bone marrow responses under stress of cypermethrin in albino rats
Authors: Pande Sunita , Saxena Prabhu Narain , Bhushan Brijender , Saxena Nishi
Published: November 2014

Pyrethroids, commercially available pesticides, are greatly in use these days, and thus they carry considerable chances of contaminating various ecosystems. Haematotoxicity of cypermethrin, a broadly used type II pyrethroid, has been assessed in the present study. Selected parameters included determination of total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb conc.), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), along with qualitative analysis of blood and bone marrow. Of these parameters, those showing significant decline following cypermethrin intoxication included total RBC count, Hb conc., PCV, MCV, MCH, whereas non-significant decrease was observed in the case of MCHC. ESR, TLC and DLC, on the other hand, increased significantly following cypermethrin intoxication. Qualitative changes included altered red cell morphology such as microcystosis, appearance of stomatocytes, poikilocytosis, giant platelet formation, etc. in peripheral blood and increased erythroid precursors in bone marrow of treated rats. These parameters were however normalised following twenty-two days of recovery phase
Melatonin protects uterus and oviduct exposed to nicotine in mice
Authors: Seyed Saadat Seyedeh Nazanin , Mohammadghasemi Fahimeh , Khajeh Jahromi Sina , Homafar Mohammad Amin , Haghiri Mostafa
Published: November 2014

Smoking is associated with higher infertility risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of melatonin on the uterus and oviduct in mice exposed to nicotine. Adult female mice (n=32) were divided into four groups. Group A: control animals received normal saline, Group B: injected with nicotine 40 μg/kg, Group C: injected with melatonin 10 μg, Group D: injected with nicotine 40 μg/kg and melatonin 10 μg. All animals were treated over 15 days intraperitoneally. On the 16th day, animals in the estrus phase were dissected and their uterus and oviducts were removed. Immunohistochemistry was recruited for studying apoptosis and for detection of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha in luminal epithelium of the uterus and oviduct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for serum estradiol level determination. Nicotine in group B decreased estradiol level and ERalpha numbers both in the uterus and oviduct (p<0.05). Co-administration of melatonin-nicotine in Group D ameliorated the histology of the uterus and oviduct, increased ERalpha numbers and reduced apoptosis in the uterus and oviduct compared with the nicotine Group B (p<0.05). This study indicates that nicotine impairs the histology of the uterus and oviduct and co-administration of melatonin-nicotine ameliorates these findings, partly through alteration in ERalpha numbers and reduction of apoptosis
On left regular and intra-regular ordered semigroups
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi , Tsingelis Michael
Published: November 2014

We study the decomposition of left regular ordered semigroups into left regular components and the decomposition of intra-regular ordered semigroups into simple or intra-regular components, adding some additional information to the results considered in [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On left regular ordered semigroups, Math. Japon. 35 (1990), 1057–1060] and [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On intra-regular ordered semigroups, Semigroup Forum 46 (1993), 271–278]. We prove that an ordered semigroup S is left regular if and only if it is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of left regular semigroups, equivalently, it is a union of left regular subsemigroups of S. Moreover, S is left regular if and only if it is a union of pairwise disjoint left regular subsemigroups of S. The right analog also holds. The same result is true if we replace the words “left regular” by “intraregular”. Moreover, an ordered semigroup is intra-regular if and only if it is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of simple semigroups. On the other hand, if an ordered semigroup is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of left simple semigroups, then it is left regular, but the converse statement does not hold in general. Illustrative examples are given.
Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome of Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Rahman Oliur , Kabir Anwarul , Biswas Prodip Kumar , Islam AMM Shoriful , Siddik AB , Rahman Habibur
Published: November 2014

Background: Tuberculosis is common in our country. It commonly affects the lungs but in up to one third of the cases involve other organs. Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the important extrapulmonary tuberculosis.It has varied presentation, frequently mimicking other common and rare diseases. Materials and Methods:It is a prospective observational study done to see the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of abdominal tuberculosis in medicine, surgery and gastroenterology department Sylhet M A G Osmani Medical College Hospital during Jan 2008-Dec2008. Sample was collected purposively. All patients were undergone detailed history, clinical examination, relevant investigation and follow up till the end of six months anti tubercular chemotherapy.Data recorded in predesigned record form. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. All data presented as percentage or mean. Result: From the 50 cases of abdominal TB, 26 (52%) were male and 24 (48%) were female. Male and female ratio was 1.04:1. Here most of the patients were in the age of 21-30 years and mean age was 29.3 years,majority of them were from poor socioeconomic status(18%) had associated pulmonary tuberculosis.The common presentation exhibited by the patients were weight loss (100%), low grade fever (88%), abdominal pain (86%), bowel disturbance (84%), anorexia (80%), nausea and vomiting (70%), abdominal distension (46%), , ascites (42%).Most of the patients were anaemic with raised ESR.Ultrasonography revealed ascites,abdominal lymphadenopathy and thick walled bowel. Colonoscopy found nodularity and ulceration with narrowing. Ascitic fluid was exudative with predominant lymphocyte count. Laparoscopy and laparotomy revealed tubercle on the intestine and the mesentery with thickening and bowel stricture. All the biopsy reports were consistent with tuberculosis. Site of involvement in decreasing frequency were ileocaecal (44%), peritoneal (16%), abdominal lymph node (8%), ascending colon (8%), small bowel (6%),transverse colon (4%), sigmoid colon (2%), rectum (2%), gastric (2%) and duodenal (2%) but multiple site in 6%.The treatment was given as per the WHO guidelines with category I drugs and found- 86% cured with anti TB alone, 4% needed surgery for intestinal obstruction along with anti TB, and 10% drop out from follow up.Conclusion:The clinical presentations of abdominal TB appear not specific for the condition. Thus, careful approach and supportive results are required in order to issue the final diagnosis. If diagnosed early, it can be treated successfully with the conventional anti-TB drugs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20686 J MEDICINE 2014; 15 : 131-134
A Young Lady with Hedache and Skin Laxity- A Case Report
Authors: Amin Md. Robed , Ahmed Faruque , Mahbuba Faria , Hossain Ahmed Riyadh , Mohsin Md. , Kahhar Md. Azizul
Published: November 2014

Pseudoxanthomaelasticum (PXE) is amendelian autosomal recessive disorder characterised pathologically by elastic fibre mineralisation and clinically by angioid streaks, yellow skin papules and cardiovascular involvement. A case of PXE which manifested with cutaneous features along with nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed recently in Medicine department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital which is a rarity of its own.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20701 J MEDICINE 2014; 15 : 149-152
Intervention intensive et travail invisible de femmes : le cas de mères de jeunes enfants autistes et de leurs intervenantes
Authors: Courcy Isabelle , des Rivières-Pigeon Catherine
Published: November 2014

Au cours des dernières années, la façon de prendre soin des jeunes enfants autistes a radicalement changé au Québec. Auparavant considérées comme responsables de l’autisme de leur enfant, les mères sont maintenant incitées à s’impliquer dans le programme d’intervention de ce dernier. Leur participation active est vivement encouragée, parfois même à titre de « cothérapeute » au sein de l’équipe d’intervention. Cet article présente les résultats d’un terrain d’enquête visant à mettre en lumière le travail invisible entourant le soin et l’éducation d’un jeune enfant vivant avec l’autisme. Par ailleurs, le caractère invisible de ce travail n’est pas apparu comme concernant uniquement les mères, mais aussi les intervenantes professionnelles de l’enfant, ces dernières assumant un important travail émotionnel auprès des mères.
Security Architecture for Cloud Computing
Authors: Bhadoria Robin Singh
Published: November 2014

Clouds need to address three security issues: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Security architecture for cloud computing is designed based on the functional architecture. The approach is to enhance the components of a functional architecture with additional components providing various security services. This is an extension of SaaS concept to have several security components that are common to all application and services. Various cloud security issues are discussed in this chapter.
Analyzing the Security Susceptibilities of Biometrics Integrated with Cloud Computing
Authors: Regola John R. , Mitchell III John K. , Baez Brandon R. , Rizvi Syed S.
Published: November 2014

In the present scenario, the vulnerabilities associated with cloud computing and biometric technology rank among the most vital issues in information security. In this chapter, the primary goal is to investigate the physical and informational security susceptibilities of biometrics, analyze the structure and design possibilities of the cloud, and examine the new developments of biometrics with cloud computing. Foremost, the authors analyze the developments of biometrics and compare the performance based on defining characteristics. In addition, they examine threats and attacks that can compromise the assets of an organization or an individual's sensitive information. Furthermore, this chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the physical vulnerabilities of biometrics. Moreover, one section of this chapter focuses on the informational and database vulnerabilities. In this chapter, the authors also discuss the design considerations and cloud computing paradigm in relation to biometric security systems.
Towards an Evidence-Informed Approach to Clinical Social Work Supervision
Authors: O'Donoghue Kieran
Published: November 2014

This chapter discusses how research evidence may be used to inform clinical social work supervision and explores how an evidence-informed approach may be applied in practice in a scenario. The chapter concludes by encouraging supervisors to be mindful about the evidence that informs their supervisory practice and to ask their supervisees about the evidence that relates to the issues they are presenting in supervision.
Effect of Compression, Digital Noise Reduction and Directionality on Envelope Difference Index, Log-Likelihood Ratio and Perceived Quality
Authors: Geetha Chinnaraj , Manjula Puttabasappa
Published: November 2014

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of the envelope difference index (EDI) and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) to quantify the independent and interactive effects of wide dynamic range compression, digital noise reduction and directionality, and to carry out selfrated quality measures. A recorded sentence embedded in speech spectrum noise at +5 dB signal to noise ratio was presented to a four channel digital hearing aid and the output was recorded with different combinations of algorithms at 30, 45 and 70 dB HL levels of presentation through a 2 cc coupler. EDI and LLR were obtained in comparison with the original signal using MATLAB software. In addition, thirty participants with normal hearing sensitivity rated the output on the loudness and clarity parameters of quality. The results revealed that the temporal changes happening at the output is independent of the number of algorithms activated together in a hearing aid. However, at a higher level of presentation, temporal cues are better preserved if all of these algorithms are deactivated. The spectral components speech tend to get affected by the presentation level. The results also indicate the importance of quality rating as this helps in considering whether the spectral and/or temporal deviations created in the hearing aid are desirable or not.
Emergency Bilateral Internal Iliac Ligation for Managing Postpartum Hemorrhage as Life Saving Measure in Private Nursing Homes in Semi-urban Settings
Authors: Shete Abhay , Kulkarni Meghana , Shete Kalpana , Walimbe Kedar , Mulla Firoz
Published: November 2014

A study of 30 cases that underwent emergency bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (EBIIAL) from June 2006 to April 2013 at private nursing homes, which can be best described as secondary level healthcare units, was undertaken to assess the efficacy and the outcome of the procedure in managing labors complicated by postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The obstetricians managing the cases preferred to preserve the uterus for menstrual and future child bearing option and deferred obstetric hysterectomy. The procedure of embolization of uterine artery is available at tertiary care setups which are about 20 to 50 km away from the place of delivery requiring transfer of the parturient increasing the burden on the family and relatives of the parturient. EBIIAL done at the place where the parturient delivers has helped in stemming the transfers and preserving the menstrual and fertility options. The early diagnosis and recognition of failure of the uterotonic agents to control PPH helps in identifying those cases that would benefit from EBIIAL. This helps in reducing the inadvertent blood loss that occurs during atonic PPH and also minimizing the requirement for blood transfusions. In our study three parturient had to be transferred following EBIIAL for management of early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and one for diagnosing of associated Berger's disease that was suspected after noticing temperature difference in the limbs following ligation of her iliac arteries.

How to cite this article

Shete A, Kulkarni M, Shete K, Walimbe K, Mulla F. Emergency Bilateral Internal Iliac Ligation for Managing Postpartum Hemorrhage as Life Saving Measure in Private Nursing Homes in Semi-urban Settings. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):79-82.
Primary Amenorrhea in a Thalassemia Major
Authors: Aggarwal Rohina S , Mishra Vineet V , Ninama Shilpa , Dudhat Astha
Published: November 2014

Background

Thalassemia major is a severe type of hemolytic anemia. Hypertransfusion therapy in these patients can lead to iron overload and iron tissue toxicity leading to structural, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities.

Case Report

We hereby present a case of 16-year-old unmarried girl with thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. A thorough history, clinical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations were conducted. These tests confirmed the diagnosis of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Patient was started on hormone replacement therapy. She is on regular follow-up and compliant with her treatment.

Conclusion

Timely recognition and management of hypertransfusion therapy in thalassemia major patients will have a favorable psychological outcome and improves the quality of life.

How to cite this article

Mishra VV, Choudhary S, Aggarwal RS, Ninama S, Dudhat A. Primary Amenorrhea in a Thalassemia Major. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):114-115.
Diprosopus: A Rare Conjoined Twin
Authors: Ghike Sunita , Joshi Sulbha , Jain Sheela , Vaidya Madhuri
Published: November 2014

Diprosopus twin is a rare form of conjoined twin with incidence of one case in 180000 to 15 million births. This is a rare congenital anomaly whereby face is duplicated on the head. Usually, this type of fetuses are stillborn. A 24 years unregistered primigravida presented to our hospital at 26 weeks of gestation. On clinical examination and after ultrasonography, anencephaly and polyhydramnios was diagnosed. Labor was induced considering nonviable fetus due to anencephaly. The born fetus was female baby weighing 2.2 kg. It was a fresh stillborn with external features showing two faces, two sets of eyeballs, two sets of ears with medial ears fused, two noses and two mouths with single body. Fetus had anencephaly with proptosed eyeball. So far, very few cases are reported.

How to cite this article

Vaidya M, Ghike S, Jain S, Joshi S. Diprosopus: A Rare Conjoined Twin. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):116-117.
Caries, Oral Health Knowledge, Behavior, and Barriers to Care Among a Group of Urban Poor in the Philippines: An Overview
Authors: Hoover Jay , Karunanayake Chandima , Torresyap Vincent , Hayes Alyssa
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To provide an overview of the caries status and needs, knowledge, behavior and barriers to oral health in a group of adults from a poor urban community in the Philippines.

Materials and methods

401 subjects aged 16 to 85 years (Mean ± SD: 41.4 ± 15.2) were assessed for caries status and needs, oral mucosal lesions and fluorosis using the 1997 WHO format and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The examinations were conducted in natural light with a mouth mirror and an explorer with the subject seated in a regular chair. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means and Chi-square and Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportions. The significance level was set at ɑ = 0.05.

Results

The mean DMFT for the whole sample was 15.59. Older adults had more missing teeth compared to their younger counterparts (0.73 MT for ≤ 20 years; 22.13 MT for ≥ 71 years) while the number of mean untreated decay was higher among the younger age cohorts with those aged 21 to 30 years of age experiencing the most untreated decay (DT of 9.37). The need for extractions increased with age (1.70; SD 1.92 teeth in 61- 70 year-olds) and the need for multi-surface fillings (6.59, SD 2.86) was greatest among young adults. In general, the oral health knowledge and awareness of the importance of good oral hygiene was high, however, only 33% reported seeing a dentist in the previous 2 years. Over 82% reported their perceived oral health as fair to poor, suggesting that this urban, poor population is aware of their needs, but face financial barriers to acting on this perceived need.

Conclusion

A large percentage of the present sample of Filipino adults had significant unmet caries needs and adequate finances were the main barrier to seeking care at a dental office.

How to cite this article

Torresyap V, Hayes A, Hoover J, Karu- nanayake C. Caries, Oral Health Knowledge, Behavior, and Barriers to Care Among a Group of Urban Poor in the Philippines: An Overview. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):39-45.
Contribution of a Prosthodontist in the Field of Forensic Odontology
Authors: Dhakshaini MR , Satpathy Ashish
Published: November 2014

Dental records and forensic odontology is in use to identify victims. The earliest known example by dental means dates back to 66 AD. It relies on sound knowledge of teeth and jaws, possessed by dentist and incorporates dental anatomy, histology, radiography, dental materials and developmental anomalies. Forensic is derived from the latin word ‘forum’ which means ‘court of law’.

Odontology → study of teeth. Defined as that branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence, and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. Role of prosthodontist to identify and maintain dental records is becoming increasingly important.

How to cite this article

Dhakshaini MR, Satpathy A. Contribution of a Prosthodontist in the Field of Forensic Odontology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):56-59.
Role of TEE in Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rana Sandeep Singh , Kumar Balbir , J Sethu Madhavan
Published: November 2014

Complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) often present as multiple cardiac lesions. The presence of one anomaly should stimulate the physician to perform a comprehensive assessment and look for other associated anomalies.1 Multimodal imaging may be necessary to diagnose such associated lesions as single imaging may occasionally miss them. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are complimentary to each other. Routine use of TEE during intraoperative period may help us to refine diagnosis, detect the missing components and guide effective surgical repair. We present one such case where diagnosis and management were optimized by multimodal imaging.

How to cite this article

Kumar B, Madhavan JS, Puri GD, Rana SS. Role of TEE in Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Congenital Heart Disease. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(2):68-70.
Spatio-temporal variability of water vapor investigated by lidar and FTIR vertical soundings above Mt. Zugspitze
Authors: Vogelmann H. , Sussmann R. , Trickl T. , Reichert A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas and its spatio-temporal variability strongly exceeds that of all other greenhouse gases. However, this variability has hardly been studied quantitatively so far. We present an analysis of a five-year period of water vapor measurements in the free troposphere above Mt. Zugspitze (2962 m a.s.l., Germany). Our results are obtained from a combination of measurements of vertically integrated water vapor (IWV), recorded with a solar Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer on the summit of Mt. Zugspitze and of water vapor profiles recorded with the nearby differential absorption lidar (DIAL) at the Schneefernerhaus research station. The special geometrical arrangement of one zenith-viewing and one sun-pointing instrument and the temporal resolution of both instruments allow for an investigation of the spatio-temporal variability of IWV on a spatial scale of less than one kilometer and on a time scale of less than one hour. The SD of differences between both instruments σIWV calculated for varied subsets of data serves as a measure of variability. The different subsets are based on various spatial and temporal matching criteria. Within a time interval of 20 min, the spatial variability becomes significant for horizontal distances above 2 km, but only in the warm season (σIWV = 0.35 mm). However, it is not sensitive to the horizontal distance during the winter season. The variability of IWV within a time interval of 30 min peaks in July and August (σIWV > 0.55 mm, mean horizontal distance = 2.5 km and has its minimum around midwinter (σIWV < 0.2 mm, mean distance > 5 km). The temporal variability of IWV is derived by selecting subsets of data from both instruments with optimal volume matching. For a short time interval of 5 min, the variability is 0.05 mm and increases to more than 0.5 mm for a time interval of 15 h. The profile variability of water vapor is determined by analyzing subsets of water vapor profiles recorded by the DIAL within time intervals from 1 to 5 h. For all altitudes, the variability increases with widened time intervals. The lowest relative variability is observed in the lower free troposphere around an altitude of 4.5 km. Above 5 km, the relative variability increases continuously up to the tropopause by about a factor of 3. Analysis of the covariance of the vertical variability reveals an enhanced variability of water vapor in the upper troposphere above 6 km. It is attributed to a more coherent flow of heterogeneous air masses, while the variability at lower altitudes is also driven by local atmospheric dynamics. By studying the short-term variability of vertical water vapor profiles recorded within a day, we come to the conclusion that the contribution of long-range transport and the advection of heterogeneous layer structures may exceed the impact of local convection by one order of magnitude even in the altitude range between 3 and 5 km.
Mesoscale modeling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surrounding region – Part 2: Aerosols' radiative feedback effects
Authors: Wang H. , Shi G. Y. , Zhang X. Y. , Gong S. L. , Tan S. C. , Chen B. , Che H. Z. , Li T.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment without aerosol-radiation feedbacks and a RAD experiment with online aerosol-radiation interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regional radiation budgets, PBL meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols during haze episodes over China Jing-Jin-Ji and its near surroundings (3JNS Region, for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, East Shanxi Province, West Shandong Province and North Henan Province) with a two-way atmospheric chemical transport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth's surface, outgoing longwave emission at the top of the atmosphere, air temperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressure pattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during the period from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiation flux that reaches the ground decreases about 15% in China 3JNS Region and by 20 to 25% in the region with the highest AOD during the haze episode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms the atmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification over the region, which causes a decrease in about 52% of turbulence diffusion and a decrease in about 33% of the PBL height. This consequently forms a positive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and the surface as well as the haze formation. On the other hands, aerosol DRF (direct radiative forcing) increases about 9% of PBL wind speed, weakens the subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of haze pollution, resulting in a negative feedback to the haze episode. The synthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14% increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both high PM2.5 and haze pollution is not effected by the aerosol DRF. On the contrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and cause unstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on the PBLH, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak except its evident impacts on the subtropical high.