bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Record of a living Platycopida (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Antarcticwaters and a Discussion on Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880)
Authors: BRANDÃO SIMONE N.
Published: June 2019

Previous records of Platycopida (Ostracoda) from the Antarctic region of the Southern Ocean include only a few fossil species from the Late Cretaceous to the Palaeocene: Cytherelloidea megaspirocostata Majoran & Widmark, 1998, [sic] Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880), plus seven species left in open nomenclature. The present study documents the first record of a living platycopid from the Antarctic region and describes Cytherella rwhatleyi sp. nov. as new. Comparison among specimens collected at stations 60° longitude and 10° of latitude apart from each other show that very little intraspecific variation in outline and ornamentation of the valves, as well as on the hemipenis is presented by this new species. Otherwise, clear differences on valve and hemipenis are observed between different species (herein, Jellinek & Swanson 2003). Review of the literature indicates that several species (with great differences in valve outline and ornamentation) have been erroneously assigned to Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880) demonstrating that this so-called cosmopolitan taxon is in truth most probably restricted to bathyal depths of the Northwestern Atlantic. Finally, the abundances of Cytherella rwhatleyi sp. nov. in the samples studied herein (considering O2 concentration measurements) contradict the proposed relationship between Platycopida and O2 concentration in water masses (Whatley et al. 2003).
Description of two new deep-water species of the genus Brookula Iredale, 1912(Mollusca, Gastropoda, Trochoidea), with a revision of the genus for the Subantarcticand Arctic Sector of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: SCHWABE ENRICO , ENGL WINFRIED
Published: June 2019

Among benthic mollusc samples from the deep Southern Atlantic Ocean collected during various expeditions of the German Research Vessel Polarstern were several representatives of the genus Brookula, of which four new deep water records are presented herein. Two of the species, B. bohni sp. nov. and B. charleenae sp. nov. are described and differences to congeners are given. For Brookula argentina (Zelaya, Absalão & Pimenta, 2006) and B. exquisita Clarke, 1961 range extensions are provided. The problematic use of the genus Benthobrookula instead of the genus Brookula is discussed and the use of the genus name Benthobrookula is discouraged until more detailed data on morphology and anatomy are available. For the first time the soft part gross morphology of Brookula pfefferi Powell, 1951 has been investigated and illustrated. Brookula decussata (Pelseneer, 1903) has to be regarded as a potential senior synonym of B. pfefferi. Examination of the type material has shown that B. antarctica Dell, 1990 does not differ from B. strebeli Powell, 1951 and the former becomes a junior synonym of B. strebeli. Morphometric data for all Brookula species from the Subantarctic and Antarctic waters of the Southern Atlantic Ocean are also provided, allowing a total of nine species to be included in this sector.
Phorbas topsenti and Phorbas tailliezi (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida), new names for the Mediterranean 'Phorbas paupertas' and 'Phorbas coriaceus'
Authors: VACELET JEAN , PEREZ THIERRY
Published: June 2019

A common Mediterranean species of Phorbas has been frequently identified under the specific name paupertas, referring to the sponge described as Hymeniacidon paupertas by Bowerbank 1866 from the north coasts of Europe. It is actually different from this species, and a new name, Phorbas topsenti sp.nov., is proposed. A description of the morphology, spicule complement and cytology is given. Another Mediterranean species of Phorbas, Phorbas tailliezi sp. nov. is described.
A new genus and species of eyelid-less and limb reduced gymnophthalmid lizard from northeastern Brazil (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT , SANTOS EDNILZA MARANHÃO DOS
Published: June 2019

Scriptosaura catimbau, a new genus and species of elongate, fossorial, sand swimming eyelid-less gymnophthalmid lizard is described on the basis of specimens obtained at Fazenda Porto Seguro, municipality of Buíque, State of Pernambuco, in the Caatingas of northeastern Brazil. The type locality is entirely included within the area of the recently created Parque Nacional do Catimbau. The new lizard lacks external forelimbs, has rudimentary styliform hindlimbs and is further characterized by the absence of prefrontal, frontal, frontoparietal and supraocular scales, and by having one pair of chin shields. A member of the Gymnophthalmini radiation, the new genus is considered to be sister to Calyptommatus from which it differs externally by the absence of an ocular scale and absence of an enlarged temporal scale.
Modeling the Influence of the Weddell Polynya on the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf Cavity
Authors: Naughten Kaitlin A. , Jenkins Adrian , Holland Paul R. , Mugford Ruth I. , Nicholls Keith W. , Munday David R.
Published: June 2019

Open-ocean polynyas in the Weddell Sea of Antarctica are the product of deep convection, which transports Warm Deep Water (WDW) to the surface and melts sea ice or prevents its formation. These polynyas occur only rarely in the observational record but are a near-permanent feature of many climate and ocean simulations. A question not previously considered is the degree to which the Weddell polynya affects the nearby Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) cavity. Here we assess these effects using regional ocean model simulations of the Weddell Sea and FRIS, where deep convection is imposed with varying area, location, and duration. In these simulations, the idealized Weddell polynyas consistently cause an increase in WDW transport onto the continental shelf as a result of density changes above the shelf break. This leads to saltier, denser source waters for the FRIS cavity, which then experiences stronger circulation and increased ice shelf basal melting. It takes approximately 14 years for melt rates to return to normal after the deep convection ceases. Weddell polynyas similar to those seen in observations have a modest impact on FRIS melt rates, which is within the range of simulated interannual variability. However, polynyas that are larger or closer to the shelf break, such as those seen in many ocean models, trigger a stronger response. These results suggest that ocean models with excessive Weddell Sea convection may not be suitable boundary conditions for regional models of the Antarctic continental shelf and ice shelf cavities.
Can We Detect Submesoscale Motions in Drifter Pair Dispersion?
Authors: Essink Sebastian , Hormann Verena , Centurioni Luca R. , Mahadevan Amala
Published: June 2019

A cluster of 45 drifters deployed in the Bay of Bengal is tracked for a period of four months. Pair dispersion statistics, from observed drifter trajectories and simulated trajectories based on surface geostrophic velocity, are analyzed as a function of drifter separation and time. Pair dispersion suggests nonlocal dynamics at submesoscales of 1–20 km, likely controlled by the energetic mesoscale eddies present during the observations. Second-order velocity structure functions and their Helmholtz decomposition, however, suggest local dispersion and divergent horizontal flow at scales below 20 km. This inconsistency cannot be explained by inertial oscillations alone, as has been reported in recent studies, and is likely related to other nondispersive processes that impact structure functions but do not enter pair dispersion statistics. At scales comparable to the deformation radius LD, which is approximately 60 km, we find dynamics in agreement with Richardson’s law and observe local dispersion in both pair dispersion statistics and second-order velocity structure functions.
Forecasting the 8 May 2017 Severe Hail Storm in Denver, Colorado, at a Convection-Allowing Resolution: Understanding Rimed Ice Treatments in Multimoment Microphysics Schemes and Their Effects on Hail Size Forecasts
Authors: Labriola Jonathan , Snook Nathan , Xue Ming , Thomas Kevin W.
Published: June 2019

Day-ahead (20–22 h) 3-km grid spacing convection-allowing model forecasts are performed for a severe hail event that occurred in Denver, Colorado, on 8 May 2017 using six different multimoment microphysics (MP) schemes including: the Milbrandt–Yau double-moment (MY2), Thompson (THO), NSSL double-moment (NSSL), Morrison double-moment graupel (MOR-G) and hail (MOR-H), and Predicted Particle Properties (P3) schemes. Hail size forecasts diagnosed using the Thompson hail algorithm and storm surrogates predict hail coverage. For this case hail forecasts predict the coverage of hail with a high level of skill but underpredict hail size. The storm surrogate updraft helicity predicts the coverage of severe hail with the most skill for this case. Model data are analyzed to assess the effects of microphysical treatments related to rimed ice. THO uses diagnostic equations to increase the size of graupel within the hail core. MOR-G and MOR-H predict small rimed ice aloft; excessive size sorting and increased fall speeds cause MOR-H to predict more and larger surface hail than MOR-G. The MY2 and NSSL schemes predict large, dense rimed ice particles because both schemes predict separate hail and graupel categories. The NSSL scheme predicts relatively little hail for this case; however, the hail size forecast qualitatively improves when the maximum size of both hail and graupel is considered. The single ice category P3 scheme only predicts dense hail near the surface while above the melting layer large concentrations of low-density ice dominate.
What is the mechanism underlying audience costs? Incompetence, belligerence, and inconsistency
Authors: Nomikos William G , Sambanis Nicholas
Published: June 2019

Audience cost theory posits that concern over the nation’s reputation pushes voters to sanction leaders who make empty threats because they tarnish the nation’s honor. We question the empirical support for that theory. We show that survey vignettes in the previous experimental literature conflate audience costs generated by inconsistency and belligerence with approval losses arising from the perception that the leader is incompetent. These ‘incompetence costs’ are due to leaders not achieving audiences’ preferred outcomes. Our article contributes to the literature on audience costs by disentangling inconsistency and belligerence costs from incompetence costs, which we find are the larger component of audience costs. We also make a methodological contribution: we show that experimental designs in previous studies cannot test the different mechanisms; that previous estimates of audience costs are biased because treatments affect respondents’ beliefs about the likely outcome of policy actions; and we suggest a new experimental framework to estimate audience costs. Our results are consistent with arguments that audiences care more about policy outcomes than about leaders’ inconsistency or belligerence during a crisis.
Imagining the ‘West’ in the Context of Global Coloniality: The Case of Post-Soviet Youth Migration to Finland
Authors: Krivonos Daria , Näre Lena
Published: June 2019

The article argues that the post-Soviet youth construct their migratory projects as an effort towards social distinction vis-a-vis post-socialist imaginary. We argue that their migration can be understood as a search for distinctiveness and for what is perceived as a ‘better’, that is, more western, lifestyle. Analysing their narratives through the prism of imagination, we demonstrate how young Russian-speakers vision the position of the post-socialist condition within the global coloniality of power and claim their belonging to the western project as educated young people with global cultural capitals. The article brings the case of Russian-speakers’ migration within debates on global coloniality and offers a contribution to the theorising of post-socialist imaginaries in the context of global coloniality and sociological imagination. The analysis is based on a multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in 2014–2016 in Helsinki, Finland.
Geopoetics, Geopolitics, and Violence: (Un)Mapping Daniel Alarcón’s Lost City Radio
Authors: Mitchell Tamara L.
Published: June 2019

Daniel Alarcón’s 2007 novel Lost City Radio positions post-civil-conflict Peru in relation to episodes of violence from across the globe by deploying two opposing cartographic impulses. First, the unnamed fictional nation of the novel shares historical, topographical, and sociopolitical traits with modern Peru. At the same time, the text refuses tidy association with Peru, principally by folding violent conflicts from a host of geopolitical spaces into the fictional nation via journalistic ekphrasis. This results in a unique geopoetics that serves to catalyze the localized reality of postconflict Peru as a means of interrogating the efficacy of human rights discourse in the neoliberal era on a global scale and bringing into focus the current inequity of responses to the global refugee crisis.

En la novela Lost City Radio (2007) de Daniel Alarcón, el Perú de la posguerra se representa en relación con episodios de violencia de diversos países a través de dos impulsos cartográficos contradictorios. La nación ficticia (sin nombre) comparte rasgos históricos, topográficos y sociopolíticos con el Perú contemporáneo. A la vez, la novela no permite asociación simple con el Perú al incorporar conflictos violentos en diversos espacios geopolíticos a través de la écfrasis periodística. El resultado es una geopoética única que sirve para catalizar la realidad local del Perú de la posguerra con fin de interrogar la eficacia del discurso de los derechos humanos en la época neoliberal a escala global y puntualizar la crisis global de refugiados.
A Comparison of Manipulative Use on Mathematics Efficiency in Elementary Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bassette Laura , Bouck Emily , Shurr Jordan , Park Jiyoon , Cremeans McKenzie , Rork Emma , Miller Kelsey , Geiser Sarah
Published: June 2019

Manipulatives are a commonly used intervention that provide visual instruction known to promote mathematical learning; however, the impact on students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is less understood. Improving mathematical procedural understanding is important for students with ASD given these skills can help increase access to more advanced mathematics and future opportunities (e.g., postsecondary education). This study expanded upon previous research and compared the ability of students with ASD to solve mathematical problems when using concrete and app-based manipulatives. A single-case alternating treatment design was used to explore differences in steps completed independently per minute (i.e., efficiency) and accuracy when using both types of manipulatives. Two participants were more efficient when using the app-based manipulative while one was more efficient with the concrete manipulative. Similar to previous research, all participants indicated they preferred the app-based condition. Limitations and future research are included.
Unilateral vs Bilateral Supraglottoplasty: A Meta‐analysis of Rates of Return to Surgery and Supraglottic Stenosis
Authors: Avillion Michael P. , Neighbors Cindy Lee P. , Biello Andrew , Anderson Lauren C. , Liming Bryan J. , Camacho Macario
Published: June 2019

Objective

To perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis of data to determine the rates of repeat surgery and supraglottic stenosis in unilateral versus bilateral supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia.

Data Sources

PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase.

Review Methods

Databases were searched through January 30, 2018. Studies with unilateral or bilateral supraglottoplasty techniques for laryngomalacia were included. The need for repeat (revision or completion) surgery and rates of supraglottic stenosis were primary outcomes. Data were substratified and a meta‐analysis performed.

Results

A total of 251 articles were reviewed, and 20 articles met inclusion criteria (1186 patients: 663 bilateral, 523 unilateral). Regarding the need to return to surgery, the rate of revision for bilateral surgery was 4.1%, compared to the revision and combined revision/completion rates for unilateral surgery which respectively were 1.1% (odds ratio [OR] 0.27; 95% CI 0.11‐0.67; P =. 002) and 18.0% (OR 5.16; 95% CI 3.31‐8.06; P <. 0001). The unilateral versus bilateral supraglottic stenosis rates were 0% versus 1.2% (P =. 011).

Conclusion

Unilateral supraglottoplasty has a significantly higher rate of repeat surgery, mainly attributed to contralateral surgery, when compared with bilateral supraglottoplasty. There is a small but statistically significant risk of supraglottic stenosis in bilateral procedures. The benefit of a unilateral procedure should be weighed against the cost of subjecting patients to a 4‐fold increased risk of repeat surgery.
Rates of Dysphagia‐Related Diagnoses in Long‐Term Survivors of Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Aylward Alana , Abdelaziz Sarah , Hunt Jason P. , Buchmann Luke O. , Cannon Richard B. , Lloyd Shane , Hitchcock Ying , Hashibe Mia , Monroe Marcus M.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To estimate long‐term prevalence of new dysphagia‐related diagnoses in a large cohort of head and neck cancer survivors.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Population based.

Subjects and Methods

In total, 1901 adults diagnosed with head and neck cancer between 1997 and 2012 with at least 3 years of follow‐up were compared with 7796 controls matched for age, sex, and birth state. Prevalence of new dysphagia‐related diagnoses and procedures and hazard ratio compared to controls were evaluated in patients 2 to 5 years and 5 years and beyond after diagnosis. Risk factors for the development of these diagnoses were analyzed.

Results

Prevalence of new diagnosis and hazard ratio compared to controls remained elevated for all diagnoses throughout the time periods investigated. The rate of aspiration pneumonia was 3.13% at 2 to 5 years, increasing to 6.75% at 5 or more years, with hazard ratios of 9.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.08‐17.87) and 12.57 (7.17‐22.04), respectively. Rate of gastrostomy tube placement increased from 2.82% to 3.32% with hazard ratio remaining elevated from 51.51 (13.45‐197.33) to 35.2 (7.81‐158.72) over the same time period. The rate of any dysphagia‐related diagnosis or procedure increased from 14.9% to 26% with hazard ratio remaining elevated from 3.32 (2.50‐4.42) to 2.12 (1.63‐2.75). Treatment with radiation therapy and age older than 65 years were associated with increased hazard ratio for dysphagia‐related diagnoses.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that new dysphagia‐related diagnoses continue to occur at clinically meaningful levels in long‐term head and neck cancer survivors beyond 5 years after diagnosis.
Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Stage at Presentation of Laryngeal Cancer in the United States
Authors: Lebo Nicole L. , Khalil Diana , Balram Adele , Holland Margaret , Corsten Martin , Ted McDonald James , Johnson‐Obaseki Stephanie
Published: June 2019

Objective

Identify socioeconomic predictors of stage at diagnosis of laryngeal cancer in the United States.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries’ Incidence Data–Cancers in North America Deluxe Analytic File for expanded races.

Setting

All centers reporting to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries.

Subjects and Methods

All cases of laryngeal cancer in adult patients from 2005 to 2013 were reviewed. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to evaluate odd ratios (ORs) for socioeconomic indicators potentially predictive of advancing American Joint Committee on Cancer stage at diagnosis.

Results

A total of 72,472 patients were identified and included. Analysis revealed significant correlation between advanced stage at diagnosis and: Medicaid insurance, lack of insurance, female sex, older age, black race, and certain states of residence. The strongest predictor of advanced stage was lack of insurance (OR, 2.212; P <. 001; 95% CI, 2.035‐2.406). The strongest protective factor was residing in the state of Utah (OR, 0.571; P <. 001; 95% CI, 0.536‐0.609). Once adjusted for regional price and wage disparities, relative income was not a significant predictor of stage at presentation across multiple analyses.

Conclusion

Multiple socioeconomic factors were predictive of severity of disease at presentation of laryngeal cancer in the United States. This study demonstrated that insurance type was strongly predictive, whereas relative income had surprisingly little influence.
An Experimental Analysis of Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Families (PTR-F)
Authors: Joseph Jaclyn D. , Strain Phillip S. , Dunlap Glen
Published: June 2019

A single-case withdrawal design replicated across three families was used to evaluate the impact of the manualized Prevent-Teach-Reinforce for Families (PTR-F) process for addressing challenging behavior. Results across three families showed that (a) families reached high-fidelity implementation of the behavior support plans (BSPs) developed using the PTR-F process, (b) functional relations existed between parent implementation of the BSP strategies and child behavior, and (c) families perceived the PTR-F process and the BSPs as socially valid. Our results replicated findings from prior research on the general efficacy of the PTR process when extended to its use by adult family members in home settings. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Capitalism, the politics of hate, and everyday cosmopolitanisms
Authors: Gledhill John
Published: June 2019

This article takes its cue from Joel Kahn’s reformulation of the Kantian account of cosmopolitanism, which highlights the way that ‘popular’ cosmopolitan practices tend to emerge between localized individuals and groups who are forced to live side by side with ‘others’, in the absence of impositions from above or outside that fracture the relations normally established between actors who ‘cannot avoid offending each other’ but recognize that they ‘cannot do without associating peacefully’. We live in times in which an ever-expanding variety of postures of resentment and hate are being politically instrumentalized in different regions of the world, and not simply around ethno-racial, cultural, and religious difference. Although some of this may repeat past historical experiences or needs to be understood in terms of specific national or regional histories, the article explores how the contemporary politics of resentment and hate has new dimensions that can be linked to the mounting contradictions of neoliberal capitalism and the transformations that it has produced in politics, culture, sociality, personhood, and identity. Looking at the situations currently encountered in the North Atlantic world and Brazil, the analysis highlights the obstacles to reversing disturbing tendencies through the normal politics of contemporary representative democracy, but also shows how anthropological research reveals counter-movements to them in what are not always obvious places. This confirms the wisdom of Kahn’s argument that we are often looking for solutions in the wrong places and with a misplaced confidence in the global beneficence of Western liberal traditions.
Piero Sraffa’s physical price system and reproduction without production
Authors: Jefferies William
Published: June 2019

This article examines the physical price system of Piero Sraffa. Sraffa’s system is presented as a physical model of production, which provides an internally consistent and so logically superior alternative to Marx’s allegedly inconsistent labour theory of value. This article does not contest the internal consistency of Sraffa’s logic but demonstrates that its logic contradicts every actual process of production. Production, defined as the human labour process that transforms one set of physical inputs into a different set of physical outputs, is a process of physical change by definition, which in capitalist production means that outputs are physically incommensurate to, or different from, inputs. This article focuses on several key issues; commensurability, the standard commodity or physical numeraire; the relation between Sraffian and Leontief’s production matrix, including Quesnay’s Tableau Économique; and the production of surplus. It finds that Sraffa’s physical price system is not a model of production at all, it is a mathematically correct model of nothing. It is reproduction without production.
Changing Rates of Self-Harm and Mental Disorders by Sex in Youths Presenting to Ontario Emergency Departments: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gardner William , Pajer Kathleen , Cloutier Paula , Zemek Roger , Currie Lisa , Hatcher Simon , Colman Ian , Bell Dayna , Gray Clare , Cappelli Mario , Duque Daniel Rodriguez , Lima Isac
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To document the rates of intentional self-harm and mental disorders among youths aged 13 to 17 years visiting Ontario emergency departments (EDs) from 2003-2017.

Methods:

This was a repeated cross-sectional observational design. Outcomes were rates of adolescents with (1) at least 1 self-harm ED visit and (2) a visit with a mental disorder code.

Results:

Rates of youths with self-harm visits fell 32% from 2.6/1000 in 2003 to 1.8 in 2009 but rose 135% to 4.2 by 2017. The slope of the trend in self-harm visits changed from –0.18 youths/1000/year (confidence interval [CI], –0.24 to –0.13) during 2003 to 2009 to 0.31 youths/1000/year (CI, 0.27 to 0.35) during 2009 to 2017 ( P < 0.001). Rates of youths with mental health visits rose from 11.7/1000 in 2003 to 13.5 in 2009 (15%) and to 24.1 (78%) by 2017. The slope of mental health visits changed from 0.22 youths/1000/year (CI, 0.02 to 0.42) during 2003 to 2009 to 1.84 youths/1000/year (CI, 1.38 to 2.30) in 2009 to 2017 ( P < 0.001). Females were more likely to have self-harm ( P < 0.001) and mental health visits ( P < 0.001). Rates of increase after 2009 were greater for females for both self-harm ( P < 0.001) and mental health ( P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Rates of adolescents with self-harm and mental health ED visits have increased since 2009, with greater increases among females. Research is required on the determinants of adolescents’ self-harm and mental health ED visits and how they can be addressed in that setting. Sufficient treatment resources must be supplied to address increased demands for services.
Suicide Mortality in Canada after the Death of Robin Williams, in the Context of High-Fidelity to Suicide Reporting Guidelines in the Canadian Media
Authors: Whitley Rob , Fink David S. , Santaella-Tenorio Julian , Keyes Katherine M.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Evidence suggests that suicide mortality increases after high-profile suicide deaths. Indeed, suicide in the United States increased disproportionately after the suicide by suffocation of well-known comedian Robin Williams in August 2014. Such increases are often attributed to irresponsible media coverage of the suicide contributing to “copycat suicides.” However, recent research indicates that the mainstream Canadian media have significantly improved their suicide coverage, with high fidelity to suicide reporting guidelines after Williams’ death. As such, the aim of the present study is to examine suicide mortality in Canada after Robin Williams’ suicide.

Methods:

We obtained deidentified monthly suicide count data from January 1999 to December 2015 stratified by age, sex, and method of suicide from Statistics Canada. We used time-series analyses to estimate the expected number of suicides in the months following Robin Williams’ death. This was done using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA) method. Expected suicides were then compared with observed suicides.

Results:

August 2014 was the month with the highest number of suicides from 2010 to 2015. The time-series model indicated a 16% increase in the expected number of suicides during the months from August to December 2014 inclusive. Moreover, males over 30 had the greatest number of excess suicides, and suicides by suffocation (the method used by Robin Williams) were also higher in August and the following months.

Interpretation:

Suicides increased in Canada after Robin Williams’ death, despite the improved mainstream media coverage witnessed in other studies. Other factors (e.g., social and alternative media) may have contributed to the observed increase in suicide.
Improving anti thrombogenicity of nanofibrous polycaprolactone through surface modification
Authors: Razmjooee Kavoos , Saber-Samandari Saeed , Keshvari Hamid , Ahmadi Sara
Published: June 2019

To improve anti thrombogenicity of polycaprolactone, nanofibrous mat of this synthetic polymer is prepared by electrospinning method. Subsequently, plain electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone was treated by RF oxygen plasma to initiate the graft copolymerization with acrylamide monomers. The surface morphology and average fiber diameter of plain electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone were determined by scanning electron microscopy technique. The chemical composition and surface characteristics of the samples were examined by static contact angle measurements, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was employed to investigate the effect of plasma treatment and graft copolymerization on the surface roughness and topography of the samples. Mechanical properties were measured from the stress–strain curve. The amount of platelet adhesion was observed by scanning electron microscopy images. Results indicate that the polycaprolactone synthetic polymer was successfully electrospun with a nanofibrous micro structure. The ATR-FTIR spectrum confirmed the influence of RF oxygen plasma treatment and graft copolymerization. Contact angle outcomes exhibited a massive improvement in the hydrophilic property of the polycaprolactone-plasma-acrylamide sample, and the surface roughness of this sample also decreased dramatically as atomic force microscopy results showed. The mechanical property of the polycaprolactone-plasma-acrylamide sample shows a negligible reduction in comparison with plain electrospun polycaprolactone. The polycaprolactone-plasma-acrylamide sample possesses proper values of mechanical properties compared to natural blood vessels. The SEM images of polycaprolactone, polycaprolactone-plasma, and polycaprolactone-plasma-acrylamide revealed no adhesion of natural platelets for polycaprolactone-plasma-acrylamide. Thus, the polycaprolactone-plasma-acrylamide vascular prosthesis is fabricated and post processed with sufficient surface properties and anti thrombogenicity.
Negotiating psychiatric cisgenderism-ableism in the transgender- autism nexus
Authors: Shapira Shahar , Granek Leeat
Published: June 2019

Most of the literature on autism and gender is rooted in a medical deficiency model. This study aimed to critically examine the discursive position of mainstream clinicians-researchers and to explore how their position affects, and may be affected by, autistic transgender individuals. We analyzed nine psychiatric case studies depicting autistic transgender individuals, and five texts written by transgender Aspie (i.e. having Asperger’s syndrome) individuals in online blogs and forums. The critical discourse analysis revealed that within the case studies’ cisgenderist-ableist lens, co-occurring autism and transgender were considered co-morbidities. Aspie transgender individuals reported difficulties in receiving social recognition of their gender. We discussed their ambivalence toward the cisgenderist-ableist discourse in light of recent cultural negotiations over the normativity of transgenderism and autism which start broadening the intelligibility of neuroqueer positions.
Artificial intelligence and counseling: Four levels of implementation
Authors: Fulmer Russell
Published: June 2019

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly prominent in public, academic, and clinical provinces. A widening research base is expanding AI’s reach, including to that of the counseling profession. This article defines AI and its relevant subfields, provides a brief history of psychological AI, and suggests four levels of implementation to counseling, corresponding to time orientation and influence. Implications of AI are applicable to counseling ethics, existentialism, clinical practice, and public policy.
The Effect of Teamwork on Children With Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Mother’s Quality of Life
Authors: Khanchezar Fatemeh , Moradi Negin , Tahmasebi Fard Neda , Latifi Seyyed Mahmoud , Bassak Nejad Soodabeh , Hosseini Beidokhti Masoume
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Maintaining and improving patients’ quality of life (QOL) are regarded as the most important aims in health-care systems. These are directly associated with intervention of health-care providers across the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of teamwork on frequency of care provided to children with cleft lip and palate and their mothers’ QOL.

Methods:

This analytical epidemiology study was conducted on 101 children with cleft lip and palate and their mothers who were divided into 2 groups: a multidisciplinary team and a group of individual providers. Data were collected using convenience sampling. Quality of Life Questionnaire (Short Form-36) was assessed. The statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test, independent t test, and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS (20).

Results:

Both groups were matched. There was a significant statistical difference among the members of multidisciplinary team who received surgery, genetic counseling, and dental care ( P ≤ .043) and the individual providers groups. The 2 groups did not have significant difference in receiving the hearing test, speech therapy, and dental care 12 months before the interview. There were significant differences in QOL scores between the multidisciplinary team and the group of individual providers ( P = .013).

Conclusions:

The services provided as a multidisciplinary team leads to a better outcome and improves the QOL of our patients and their families. It is recommended that services should be provided in the team approach for patients with cleft lip and palate.
Kimmel on Climate: Disentangling the Emotional Ingredients of a Satirical Monologue
Authors: Skurka Chris , Niederdeppe Jeff , Nabi Robin
Published: June 2019

This study explored whether satire (an emotional blend of humor/indignation) can minimize the emotional tradeoffs researchers have documented for humorous appeals about climate change. Using a sample of U.S. young adults, we conducted a 2 (humor: present/absent) × 2 (indignation: present/absent) + 1 (control) experiment in which we manipulated a climate change segment from Jimmy Kimmel Live! Our evidence suggests that it is possible for a late-night host to affect young adults’ climate change risk perception and behavioral intentions under certain conditions. Moderation analyses indicated that avoiding humor helped close the partisan gap in risk perception between Republicans and Democrats.
Sick building symptoms among hospital workers associated with indoor air quality and personal factors
Authors: Babaoglu Ulken Tunga , Milletli Sezgin Fikriye , Yag Funda
Published: June 2019

This study assesses the interior air quality and infective factors in a hospital in Turkey to provide data about air quality to protect hospital workers. This study measured indoor air quality in eight different locations in a hospital, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM1), carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, temperature, humidity and microbiological matter. The highest PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations were in emergency service, and the highest CO2 was measured in the paediatric clinic. The poor interior air quality results are the most important cross-sectional data. For all participants, the prevalence of eye, upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, skin and non-specific sick building syndrome symptoms were 23.0%, 40.7%, 22.5%, 36.3% and 63.7%, respectively. When sick building syndrome symptoms and environmental factors were investigated, skin symptoms increased 1.82 times in areas with stagnant air flow (p = 0.046; OR = 1.823; 95% CI: 1.010–3.290). Non-specific symptoms increased 2.17 times in locations with dry indoor air (p = 0.039; OR = 2.176; 95% CI: 1.041–4.549). Hospital workers are exposed to conditions that may increase the risk of a variety of sick building syndrome symptoms. Although the air quality measurements were not above the recommended limits in the hospital, long-term exposures should be considered for those experiencing sick building syndrome-related symptoms.
Effects of light source spectrum and background colour on the perception of paintings
Authors: Bellia L , Fragliasso F , Stefanizzi E
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an experiment on the effect of light on the perception of paintings. The experiment was performed in a test-room where a typical museum exhibition set-up was simulated. Two different paintings were shown to 44 participants, under different light scenes obtained by using tuneable LED (Light Emitting Diode) wallwashers. To set the light scenes, the following parameters were modified: correlated colour temperature of the lighting, illuminance on the painting and the colour of the background wall. Participants answered a questionnaire to assess the perception of the paintings’ colours, the lighting conditions and the pleasantness of the exhibition set-up. The results demonstrated that illuminance is the parameter mainly affecting perception, for both paintings. However, correlated colour temperature and wall colour, as well as the combination of the three different considered parameters, can more or less influence perception depending on the chromatic composition of the painting.
Use of zebrafish to model chemotherapy and targeted therapy gastrointestinal toxicity
Authors: Van Sebille Ysabella ZA , Gibson Rachel J , Wardill Hannah R , Carney Thomas J , Bowen Joanne M
Published: June 2019

Gastrointestinal toxicity arising from cancer treatment remains a key reason for treatment discontinuation, significantly compromising remission. There are drawbacks to the currently used in vitro and rodent models, and a lack of translatability from in vitro to in vivo work. A screening-amenable alternative in vivo model such as zebrafish would, therefore, find immediate application. This study utilized a transgenic reporter line of zebrafish, Tg(cyp2k18:egfp), that shows eGFP induction as an indicator of drug-induced pathology. Here, we investigate its utility as an alternative vertebrate model to bridge the gap between simple in vitro cellular studies and complex in vivo models for understanding gastrointestinal toxicity induced by chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Transgenic zebrafish larvae were administered afatinib or SN38, and assessed for viability and eGFP induction. Adult zebrafish were administered afatinib via oral gavage, and SN38 via intraperitoneal injection. Fish were killed after 24 h, and had gastrointestinal tracts removed and assessed for histopathological damage, goblet cell changes, and apoptosis. While treatment with either compound did not induce eGFP in the gastrointestinal tract of larvae, SN38 caused histopathological damage to adult intestines. The lack of eGFP induction may be due to poor solubility of the drugs. Chemotherapy agents with high solubility and permeability would be more amenable to these models. Further progress in this area would be greatly facilitated by the generation of robust and reproducible genetic models of zebrafish intestinal toxicity that mimic the known pathobiological pathways in rodents and humans, and can be readily induced in a short time-frame.

Impact statement

Gastrointestinal toxicity secondary to cancer treatment remains a major reason for the termination of cancer drug candidates in the development pipeline as well as withdrawal or restrictions of marketed drugs. Current cancer treatment-induced gastrointestinal toxicity models available are limited to in vitro and rodent models that lack translatability and are prohibitively expensive and time consuming. An alternative model to study cancer treatment-induced gastrointestinal toxicity that allows rapid, miniaturized, multi-organ toxicity, screening-amenable testing is therefore warranted. The newly developed Tg( cyp2k18:egfp) zebrafish reporter line was found to induce eGFP in the gastrointestinal tract if toxicity was induced in this area. This paper explored utilizing this reporter line for cancer treatment-induced gastrointestinal toxicity, but found that it was not a useful reporter line in this setting. Further progress in this area would be greatly facilitated by the generation of robust and reproducible genetic models of zebrafish intestinal toxicity that mimic the known pathobiological pathways.
Molecular engineering strategies for visualizing low-affinity protein complexes
Authors: Ming Qianqian , Gonzalez-Perez David , Luca Vincent C
Published: June 2019

The growing availability of complex structures in the Protein Data Bank has provided key insight into the molecular architecture of protein–protein interfaces. The remarkable diversity observed in protein binding modes is paralleled by a tremendous variation in binding affinities, with interaction half-lives ranging from days to milliseconds. Within the protein interactome, low-affinity binding events have been particularly difficult to visualize by traditional structural methods, which has spurred the development of innovative strategies for reconstituting these short-lived yet biologically essential assemblies. An important takeaway from structural studies of low-affinity systems is that there is no universal solution for stabilizing protein complexes, and approaches such as single-chain fusions, biochemical linkages, and affinity-maturation have each been successful in certain contexts. In this article, we review how advances in molecular engineering have been used to capture weakly associated complexes for structure determination, and we provide perspectives on how the continued application of these methods can shed new light on the “hidden world” of low-affinity interactions.

Impact statement

Low-affinity protein interactions, while biologically essential, have been difficult to visualize by traditional methods in structural biology. In this review, we describe a series of innovative molecular engineering strategies that have been used to stabilize weakly bound protein complexes for structure determination. By highlighting several examples from the literature along with potential advantages and disadvantages of the individual approaches, we hope to provide an introductory resource for structural biologists studying low-affinity systems.
A concise review on sensor signal acquisition and transformation applied to human activity recognition and human–robot interaction
Authors: Martínez-Villaseñor Lourdes , Ponce Hiram
Published: June 2019

Human activitiy recognition deals with the integration of sensing and reasoning aiming to understand better people’s actions. Moreover, it plays an important role in human interaction, human–robot interaction, and brain–computer interaction. When these approaches have to be developed, different efforts from signal processing and artificial intelligence are considered. In that sense, this article aims to present a concise review of signal processing in human activitiy recognition systems and describe two examples and applications both in human activity recognition and robotics: human–robot interaction and socialization, and imitation learning in robotics. In addition, it presents ideas and trends in the context of human activity recognition for human–robot interaction that are important when processing signals within that systems.
Thermal and energy aware routing in wireless body area networks
Authors: Ahmed Ghufran , Mahmood Danish , Islam Saiful
Published: June 2019

Unlike many other Internet of Things applications, in addition to the limited power of Internet of Medical Things devices, the safety aspect and reliability are the major concerns while designing wireless body area network routing solutions. In fact, the heat dissipation from Internet of Medical Things devices and changes in body posture cause tissue damage and frequent wireless links breakage, respectively. Hence, designing an efficient routing solution is extremely challenging in wireless body area network. Considering the safety aspects of human body, the power constraint of Internet of Medical Things devices, and topological variations in wireless body area network environment, this article presents a thermal-aware, energy-efficient, and reliable routing protocol named thermal and energy aware routing. In the given perspective, thermal and energy aware routing considers the weighted average of three costs while selecting the routing path: energy consumption, heat dissipation, and link quality (between communicating nodes). The proposed protocol is validated by a comparison with a state-of-the-art wireless body area network routing protocol. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is efficient in terms of energy consumption, thermal impact, and packet reception rate.
Plotting Directionality on Positional Maps: A Methodological Consideration for Situational Analysis
Authors: Meszaros Megan , Meyer Desneige , Vold Lindsey , Martin Wanda
Published: June 2019

In this article, we aim to expand situational analysis (SA), oriented by complex adaptive systems (CAS), by adding the dimension of directionality over time to positional maps. This addition furthers the analytic utility of SA and can aid researchers in identifying areas for transformative action regarding social justice and health equity issues. Adding directionality over time to positional maps pushes researchers to explore how positions move, evolve, and how they could continue to develop. Analyzing these elements expands the analytic utility of positional maps as researchers abductively analyze explicit connections between theorized antecedents, current conditions, and potential futures within a CAS to understand positional movements. The purpose of this analysis is not as a predictive tool but as a tool in identifying potential actionable areas for interventions while further grounding SA in its Foucauldian and Straussian theoretical roots. We use an ongoing public health project in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania, to demonstrate how a researcher can apply directionality over time to positional maps.
Impact of the Marangoni and thermal radiation convection on the graphene-oxide-water-based and ethylene-glycol-based nanofluids
Authors: Gul Taza , Noman Waqas , Sohail Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Altaf
Published: June 2019

The low thermal efficiency of the base liquids is the main issue among the researchers and to resolve this issue, scientists use the small-sized (1–100 nm) metal solid particles in the base liquids to increase the thermal efficiency of the base solvents. In the recent article, a theoretical study has been carried out for the thermal application functioning of graphene-oxide-water-based and graphene-oxide-ethylene-glycol-based nanofluids under the impact of the Marangoni convection. The nanofluid flow is also subjected to thermal radiation and magnetic field. The problem has been solved through optimal homotopy analysis method. The impacts of the embedded parameters over the velocity and temperature pitches have been analysed. Due to strong thermophysical properties of graphene-oxide-ethylene-glycol-based nanofluid, it is observed that the heat transfer rate of this sort of nanofluid is more efficient as compared to the graphene-oxide-water-based nanofluids. All the obtained outputs have been presented graphically and numerically.