bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musical Resonances of Empire: The Golden Gate International Exposition and the End of an Era
Authors: Talusan Mary
Published: May 2022

As circumstances of U.S. colonization of the Philippines changed leading up to and during WWII, so did the meaning of the Philippine Constabulary Band’s performances. The direction and success of the band under Filipino leadership resonated with similar hopes over the independence of the Philippines generally. The band and Loving’s leadership provided alternate expressions of Filipino and African American identities from the negative portrayals in American culture, connecting the goals of educated Filipino Americans and African Americans in a strategy of racial uplift. When Japan took over the Philippines, western band music failed to demonstrate Japanese cultural superiority over Filipinos and was ineffective as an instrument of empire. Interviews with Filipino bandsmen who went to the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition with Loving give voice to Filipinos’ experiences. In the conclusion, Talusan discusses how Filipinos continue to make music, perform, and express themselves, critiquing and challenging the symbolic violence engendered in old stereotypes and tropes with their creativity, skills, and ingenuity.
Introduction
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses two main themes— children’s networking, and children’s verbal abilities, in this case “speech play.” All English–speaking nations share much the same child verbal lore. No one knows exactly how the lore is transmitted, but some games and rhymes are repeatedly passed from New Zealand to Canada, from America to England. The second theme is the reproduction of recorded sound and patterns of children’s speech. A transcript of an interview with three young boys reveals that the three boys play well-known schoolyard games, and tease one of their members in a racist manner. Added conversation catalogs play with guns and a discussion of how Adderall has affected their lives. 
The chapter notes that children are secretive, and that schoolyard lore is swiftly learned, and constantly changing. By the end of high school, child lore is often half forgotten, as new verbal challenges appear.
Hand Games
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: May 2022

This chapter includes handclapping, hand and foot combination, and baby finger games. The accompanying rhythms range from simple 1-2-3-4, to syncopated claps, slaps, body thumps, and foot stomping. In more than one hundred recorded hand games, children can be heard poking fun at adult mores, laughing at boy/girl relationships, and lampooning sex and racism. Some rhymes are slightly naughty, as players wink and tease one another with adult themes. Games appear in several variants, because children add new stanzas as the rhymes travel from schoolyard to schoolyard, and city to city. This chapter features children critiquing their own performances as well as explaining in detail how games are played.
Conclusion
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: May 2022

The author finds that recording children as they engaged in verbal intercourse taught her many things: The author, herself, by trial and error, learned to listen, record, and appreciate the verbal art of children. This is an experience many adults might want to emulate. The recorded child lore conserves a large body of traditional rhymes, songs, taunts, handclaps, and jokes. The child lore also presents new material, much of it gleaned from popular culture. Child lore has expanded over the years to include play aided by technology—phone play, computer play, video games, and reenactments of television and movie scenes. Children on a playground function as a self-governing "people." They make their own rules, and gather in cliques and gangs, which they defend both physically and verbally. Children excel at teaching one another. Children still share verbal lore, despite shorter recesses, endless television watching, and the dominance of computer technology.
Introduction
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

The late 1920s and early 1930s were the pivotal time for capturing Mississippi fiddle music when it was current and popular. Telling the stories of these musicians, and including their photographs, is designed to create a sense of connection to the sources of this enduring music.
The Segregation of Sound
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

The historical record of African Americanmusicians playing this old-time music, which is thought of as “white,” is poorly documented. Yet it is known that some, quite likely many, African Americanplayed the same music as other Mississippians. At this late date, it is impossible to overcome the cultural blindness that simply did not see African American fiddlers, but the authors include as many as they can find, since it is part of this story of Mississippi fiddling.
Tim Avalon
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Tim Avalon (b. 12/07/1955) is a full-time musician who was born and remains in Jackson, Mississippi. Music has been his sole profession. Tim has appeared as a sideman on recordings since 1980: in his words, on “tons of em.” Tim has been teaching since 1983. He self-published a tune book, Mississippi Echoes, in 2011
The Carter Brothers and Son
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

One of the wildest fiddle bands of all time consisted of George Washington Carter (1869–1948), Andrew Jackson Carter (1877–1956), and George’s son James Auguston “Jimmie” Carter (1900–79), from Quincy in Monroe County. In 1928, the trio recorded ten tunes for Okeh and Vocalion.
Mike Compton
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Mike Compton (1956- ), bluegrass mandolinist extraordinaire, was born in Meridian, Mississippi, in 1956. While he was growing up, he was the only musician in his family; however, on his paternal grandmother's side, the Galyeans had had a few dance musicians. In Nashville he began to work with former Bill Monroe sideman Hubert Davis. In the mid-1980s he joined the Nashville Bluegrass Band and played to great acclaim for four years. Next he joined John Hartford's string band, performing songs and tunes that catered to Hartford's passionate interest in old-time fiddle tunes. Mike played on six albums and toured extensively with the band until Hartford's death in 2001. Mike's other recording credits are extensive and impressive, but his most widely heard recording is as a member of the “Soggy Mountain Boys” on the Grammy-winning O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack.
Lloyd Jeptha “Jabe” Dillon
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David , Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

In 1972, at age seventy-four, Jabe Dillon recorded the music for a 45rpm record, solo and in his kitchen. Who did the recording, and how it was produced, is unknown. Dillon tried to sell the 45s locally with a poster advertising their availability at the Tylertown Times newspaper. In his Tylertown Times interview he claims “Refused Love,” which he had previously recorded as “Brown Skinned Girl,” as his own composition. Perhaps he reworked the tune so much that he considered it a new composition. Curiously he did not claim to have composed “Howling Hound” and “Memphis Mail.” However those tunes, along with “Old Bill” and the unidentified tune from the family's home recordings, are unique to his playing and likely to be of his own creation.
The Meridian Hustlers
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

This three-piece string band, consisting of fiddle, banjo, and guitar, recorded for Paramount-the only known old-time act from Mississippi to do so-in Chicago in June 1929. In September 1929, the Meridian Hustlers placed first in the Band category at a Labor Day rodeo on the Meridian fairgrounds. (An otherwise unidentified “Leake County Band” placed second.) In February 1930, Radio Digest reported that the “Meridian Hustlers Orchestra from Meridian, Miss.” were broadcasting on WAPI Birmingham, Alabama. These fugitive sightings apart, little has been discovered about this band.
The Mississippi Possum Hunters
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

The Mississippi ’Possum Hunters were three men from round Winona: Lonnie Ellis, John Holloway, and Pete Herring. They were talent obtained for Victor in 1930 by Dr. A. M. Bailey. Ellis remembered their recording name having been thought up by Bailey, but Doc was uncertain about it; it’s likely that the inspiration was a then popular Opry band, Dr. Humphrey Bate and His Possum Hunters.
Willie T. Narmour and Shellie Walton Smith
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

William Thomas Narmour (03/22/1889–03/24/1961) was one of Mississippi’s most influential early fiddlers, widely known for “Carroll County Blues,” his distinctive fiddle style, and a unique body of tunes. Narmour was born in Ackerman, Choctaw County, Mississippi. Seven years later, his family moved to Carroll County, where he remained until he died at the age of 72. While the Narmour and Smith recordings quote fragments of traditional fiddle tunes, they never play a tune unaltered. They added new bits of melody and left out parts that they perhaps forgot or found uninteresting. The resulting music is creatively woven into something unique and personal. Most of Narmour and Smith’s records credit them at composers.
Grover Clater O’Briant
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David , Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Grover O’Briant (11/16/1912–05/07/1995) played fiddle, guitar, banjo, harmonica, piano, and mandolin, and sang very well. Although he never recorded commercially, family recordings show that he was quite accomplished on guitar and fiddle. He acquired a reel-to-reel recorder in the 1960s and his son Jerry kept the recordings. O’Briant remembered attending the Kosciusko fiddle contest in 1920, as a child of nine or ten. He somewhat unsuccessfully tried to revive it in the 1970s and then succeeded in getting it going again in 1984. He emceed and played in the contest. The Grand Champion Trophy for the Natchez Trace Festival was named for him. Homer Grice was a friend and lived nearby. From the 1940s through the 1970s Grover and Homer visited and played often. Grice also competed in Kosciusko contests and was quite intent on winning.
Bob Pratcher
Authors: Bolick Harry , Russell Tony , Moore T. DeWayne , Cauthen Joyce A. , Evans David
Published: May 2022

Fiddler Bob Pratcher(04/07/1893–08/1968) was born near Glenville in Panola County. Alan Lomax recorded Bob with his brother Miles on guitar in Como, MS, on September 21, 1959. Their recordings can be heard at: www.culturalequity.org. There appears to have been no interview recorded by Lomax and thus little is known about the Pratchers.
Marginalized
Authors: Kayser Casey
Published: May 2022

In contrast to other literary genres, drama has received little attention in southern studies, and women playwrights in general receive less recognition than their male counterparts. This book addresses these gaps in its examination of the work of southern women playwrights, making the argument that representations of the American South on stage are complicated by difficulties of identity, genre, and region. Success in American drama is defined as having a play staged in the capital of theatre culture, New York City, the city that might be viewed as most antithetical to the South in terms of geography and ideology. Further, women playwrights, women playwrights of color, and those who express queer identities have been vocal about persistent inequities in American theatre which have created obstacles to their success.
Drama creates unique problems for playwrights through its concentrated focus on place, dialect, and character; the multiple layers of authorship; the collective reception format; and the demand for exaggeration within production. These issues, as they interact with regional conditions and perceptions, pose problems for southern women playwrights in navigating how to represent a marginalized region on the stage. Through analysis of the dramatic texts, the rhetoric of reviews of productions, as well as what the playwrights themselves have said about their plays and its productions, this book delineates these challenges and argues that playwrights confront obstacles through various conscious strategies. These approaches lead audiences to reconsider monolithic understandings of northern and southern regions and ultimately, they create new visions of the South.
Black Panther
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2022

Black Panther is one of the most financially successful and culturally impactful films to emerge from the American film industry in recent years. When it was released in 2018 it broke numerous records and resonated with audiences all around the world in ways which transcended the dimensions of the superhero film. In Black Panther: Interrogating a Cultural Phenomenon author Terence McSweeney explores the film from a diverse range of perspectives, seeing it not only as a comic book adaptation and a superhero film, but also a dynamic contribution to the discourse of both African and African American studies.
Black Panther: Interrogating a Cultural Phenomenon argues that Black Panther is one of the defining American films of the last decade and the most remarkable title in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (2008-). The MCU has become the largest film franchise in the history of the medium and has even shaped the contours of the contemporary blockbuster, but the narratives within it have almost exclusively perpetuated largely unambiguous fantasies of American heroism and exceptionalism. In contrast, Black Panther complicates this by engaging in an entirely different mythos in its portrayal of an African nation—never colonized by Europe—as the most powerful and technologically advanced in the world. McSweeney charts how and why Black Panther became a cultural phenomenon and also a battleground on which a war of meaning was waged at a very particular time in American history.
Memory Making is Region Making
Authors: Tell Dave
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, Dave Tell recounts his slow access as an outsider to the Emmett Till Memorial Commission of Tallahatchie County, Inc. (ETMC). To make the region, the members of the ETMC were engaged in memory-making. At each step along the way, performing as memory activists, the members created a narrative that centered regional development over historical accuracy. When Tell gains access to the minutes by identifying his own scholarly goals with regional development, he finds commemorative choices regarding which story of the Till murder better fits the specific county’s economic needs.
Take ’Em Down
Authors: Grossman Jeremy R.
Published: May 2022

New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu’s highly acclaimed epideictic speech announcing the removal of four Confederate monuments undergoes surprising scrutiny in this chapter by Jeremy R. Grossman. Rather than pat Landrieu on the back for an impassioned, eloquent, unapologetic denouncement of the memory politics of the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, Grossman focuses attention on the gap between his rhetorical temporality and that of activist group TEDN (Take ‘Em Down NOLA). Contrasting Landrieu's symbolic revision with the symbolic reconstruction demanded by TEDN, Grossman encourages critics to rethink critical regionalism from the lens of temporality, imagining more boldly what is possible in epideixis.
What Lies Beneath
Authors: Fitzmaurice Megan
Published: May 2022

Bringing together several ideas from preceding chapters, Megan Fitzmaurice highlights activism to recover the African Burial Ground and other Black history sites in the Shockoe Bottom neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia. Activists invoked a rhetoric of global Black nationalism that also recovered regional narratives of Black resistance and African influence. Such rhetoric creates a sense of continuity between the ancestors commemorated and the current Black residents to be empowered. It also highlights the region as a rhetorical engine of resistance. Protest that embraces physical place as means of voicing regionally-derived identity becomes the final mode of reconstructing Southern rhetoric (alongside education and dialogue in the previous two chapters).
Woodside
Authors: Bryan Violet Harrington
Published: May 2022

Velma Pollard and Erna Brodber, two sisters -writers born and raised in Jamaica, recreate imagined and lived homelands in their literature by commemorating the history, culture, and religion of the Caribbean. Even though they both travel widely and often, the sisters both still live in Jamaica: Pollard in Kingston, and Brodber in Woodside, Si. Mary’s Parish, a rural village in northeast Jamaica. They write about their homeland, a series of memories and stories of that lived and imagined experience in their many works: fictional, nonfictional, and poetic. Many have explored the significance of spirit in Brodber’s work, including the topics of “spirit theft” and “spirit possession,” also spirits existing through time, from Africa to the present. Yet, few scholars have examined Brodber’s work on par with her sister’s writing. This study is the first to do so, drawing upon original interviews. The village of Woodside provided a lens into the history of slavery and resistance, as well as the religions and folklore of the Caribbean, by which people of the diaspora struggled to achieve their independence.
Transforming Girls
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

Transforming Girls: The Power of Nineteenth-Century Adolescence refocuses the history of the girls’ book and female adolescence through a comparative analysis of forgotten bestsellers aimed at adolescent girls in the United States and Germany. While these stories rely on gender binaries and suggest that girls must accommodate and support a patriarchal framework to be happy, they also provide access to imagined worlds in which teens are at the center. This is a space where mentors who trust themselves and the girl’s essentially good nature neutralize the girl’s own anxieties about maturity. These mid-nineteenth-century novels focus on female adolescence as a social category in unexpected ways. They draw not on a twentieth-century model of the alienated adolescent, but on a model of collaborative growth. Adolescence—a category that continues to engage and perplex us—is defined in these novels as a celebration of fluid identity and the deliberate construction of a self.
Through insightful readings of best-selling novels, Transforming Girls explores the origins of the young adult novel, mothering as a communal enterprise, the teaching of gender identity, the girls’ book as a model for narratives of nation building, and homesickness as an antidote to nostalgia. It provides access to a forgotten group of texts that reframe our understanding of the history of the girls’ book, young adult literature, and the possibilities of adolescence. The awkward adolescent girl—so popular in mid-nineteenth-century fiction for girls—remains a valuable resource for understanding contemporary girls and stories about them.
Defining the Backfisch
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

The image of the German Backfisch provides a context within which we can recover understudied early novels for girls, novels that portray adolescence not in terms of hormonal distress and social alienation, but as a creative space for growth. In the mid-nineteenth-century, authors in both the United States and Germany created adolescent protagonists who could be profitably uncomfortable and awkward, who could make and learn from mistakes, and who could aim for maturity rather than perfect girlhood. These stories describe the journey from a country home to the city, the shift from natural child to embarrassed teenager, and the power of education to shape healthy women. By focusing on the girl’s interiority, these authors foreground her desire for self-improvement rather than her sexual vulnerability. Early girl’s novels provide a less fraught vision of growing up. They imagine adolescence as a protected, profitable time rather than as a problem for adults and teenagers to endure.
Loving Girls, Loving Growth
Authors: Pfeiffer Julie
Published: May 2022

By re-focusing the history of the girls’ book in the United States and Germany to include Backfischliteratur, readers can see more clearly the conditions that lead to suffering and growth in more recent novels such as Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush(1982), Under the Mesquite (2011) and The Chaos (2012). These novels for adolescent girls first portray their protagonists struggling to grow in unsympathetic environments before recognizing the girls’ despair and alienation as a symptom of their need for nurture. The image of the Backfisch opens up an alternate model of adolescence, one that celebrates messy growth, community support, and the lifelong process of transformation.
“Stolen from Africa” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

The search among the many Caesars who may have been Maria Miller’s father provides an opportunity to consider the origins of the slave trade in the context of an accessible philosophical interpretation that also draws on observations by Maria W. Stewart (née Miller) and David Walker in their 1820s–30s writings.
“The Day of Small Things” 1
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Late in life, Maria W. Stewart told a surprising and engaging tale of a young black girl before the age of six. This chapter retells the story, seemingly a reflection on her own childhood.
“The Circle of your Acquaintance”
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Fifty years of organized black cultural life, twenty years with a stunning separate place of worship: Boston’s community on the north slope of Beacon Hill welcomes Maria Miller. Among many others, she meets James W. Stewart, an extraordinary man. She develops a circle of women friends. This chapter explores what is known about many members of Boston’s African American community with a special focus on the women with whom Maria W. Stewart may have developed friendships: Catherine Waterhouse Paul, Susan Paul, Eliza Butler, Lavinia Ames Hilton, Louisa Marshall Nell, and several others. In this chapter there is a discussion of the “cult of true womanhood”—differing ideals for white women and black.
Celebrating Revolutions
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

In the 1850s Frederick Douglass explored the ambivalence spurred by Fourth of July celebrations in the hearts of many African Americans who were more inspired by the revolution in Haiti. Maria Miller experiences the differences between the two earlier communal celebrations and the Haiti Day festivities.
Holy Vows
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

The Reverend Thomas Paul officiates at the marriage of Maria Miller and James W. Stewart at the African Baptist Church.
Meditations
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

Stewart struggles for community redemption, political rights and freedoms, and in the courtroom against Daniel Badger for control of her husband’s estate. Wracked with guilt and grief, Maria W. Stewart experiences a powerful religious conversion. She commences writing her Meditations to document her thoughts and prayers.
“On African Rights and Liberty”
Authors: Waters Kristin
Published: May 2022

In this lecture Stewart develops the themes of knowledge, power, courage, and the necessity of bold action.
Positive Self-Identity: Neighborliness in Lillian Smith’s Memory of a Large Christmas
Authors: Kilinski April Conley
Published: May 2022

While the literary merits of Smith’s Memory of a Large Christmas have been largely overlooked, April Conley Kilinski provides analysis in this chapter that reveals the memoir’s subtle sophistication and richness. Framing her study with “neighborliness” theory, Kilinski asserts that the book’s strategically unfolding episodes map the possibility for building and sustaining healthy community. According to Kilinski, Memory reveals the clear set of values and agrarian practices, intergenerational family dynamics, and faith, by which the Smith family operates and thrives. Throughout the narrative, Smith’s parents reinforce these values through scripture recitation, large family meals comprised of farm-sourced foods, gift giving, and, most importantly, hospitality. The chapter examines Smith’s development of the argument that when we recognize the redemptive potential in others while also making space for the alterity that comes from encompassing their sinfulness, we create a moral Third that sees beyond any easy binary.
Hatred and Hope in the American South: Rhetorical Excavations in Lillian Smith’s Our Faces, Our Words
Authors: Brauer David
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, David Brauer considers the rhetorical navigations of Smith’s mixed-genre 1964 book, Our Faces Our Words, which balance critique with sympathy, personal with public, and pathos with logos. Brauer reveals that in this exploration of 1960s race dynamics, Smith’s writerly approach to life dominated her engagement with subject and reader. Focusing on the book’s resistance to genre classification, this chapter underscores the complex, layered purposes of Smith’s rhetoric. Smith uses conflated genres to attack white supremacy as the ideological base of segregation and to reveal the need for social disruption to effect real change in the American South. Bauer looks closely at the book’s rhetorical strategies, which establish a complex context, generate intimacy between author and audience, and compel the reader to interpret—effects Smith pursued diligently in an effort to promote justice and transform American society in the process.
Characteristics of blood pressure level in children with different body weight
Authors: Chubarov T. V. , Peterkova V. A. , Batischeva G. A. , Zhdanova O. A. , Sharshova O. G. , Artyushchenko A. I. , Bessonova A. V.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Essential arterial hypertension (AH) develops more often in children with accompanying risk factors — obesity, overweight, positive heredity and genetic predisposition.

AIM: Study of peculiarities of arterial hypertension clinical course in adolescents with normal body weight, overweight and obesity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on children with arterial hypertension who received treatment in two hospitals in Voronezh in 2016–2020. A retrospective analysis of the children’s case histories was carried out taking into account the anamnesis, clinical laboratory and instrumental examination data and the pharmacotherapy. Some children underwent polymerase chain reaction genetic testing to determine pathological alleles of genes regulating blood pressure (BP).

RESULTS: 96 patients aged 9 to 17 took part in the study. The group with normal body weight included 38 children (39.6%), median age 16.4 (aged 10.7; 17.9), with overweight — 33 people (34.4%), median age 15.2 (aged 12.0; 17.9), with obesity — 25 children (26.0%), median age 14.5 (aged 9.2; 17.9). Obese children developed arterial hypertension at earlier age (p = 0.023). According to blood pressure daily monitoring (BPDM), pathological values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the day (above the 95th percentile) among children with normal body weight were observed in 17 patients (44.7%), with excess body weight — in 14 people (42.4%), with obesity — in 16 people (64%), p = 0.031. Accurate difference values between the groups were obtained in terms of time index (TI) of SBP at night (p = 0.006). Time index of diastolic BP during the day > 50% was observed only in the obese children group — 4 people (16%) (p = 0.042). Pathological alleles of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT: 704 T>C), aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2: -344 C>T) and endothelial nitrogen synthase type 3 (NOS3: -786 T> C) were identified most frequently during genetic testing in some patients.

CONCLUSION: Children with obesity developed earlier arterial hypertension compared to the same-age children with normal body weight and more often had unfavorable type of arterial hypertension according to BPDM. These results can be used to choose individual therapy and to develop special attention as regards certain target organs damage.
Fast food and obesity: risks to children and adolescents?
Authors: Tsutiyeva A. Sh. , Dzgoeva F. Kh.
Published: May 2022

In the modern world, fast food is becoming part of the food culture; herewith, children and teenagers are no exception. A fairly busy lifestyle and lack of time contribute to an increasingly frequent appeal to fast food outlets. Given the national health policies of many countries, including those aimed at keeping up and supporting healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents, the researchers are increasingly focusing on the dependence of obesity on the younger generation’s fascination with fast food. In the proposed review, the authors have analyzed the published data represented in the studies at various levels and regarding a few problems. They are: the establishment of the relationship between a systematic intake of fast food and obesity among children and adolescents; the influence of the distance of fast food outlets from educational institutions on the occurrence and development of metabolic pathologies. Taking into consideration the relationship between fast food consumption by children and adolescents, parents and schools should strictly control their intake of unhealthy foods that leads to the weight gain and obesity-related diseases. Stopping marketing of junk food targeted at kids with eye-catching advertising personalities and gifts, could be one of the ways of childhood’s nutrition revitalizing.
Substantiation of approaches to the correction of lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with exogenous obesity
Authors: Povarova O. V. , Gorodetskaya E. A. , Kulyak O. Y. , Demyanenko A. N. , Alimova I. L. , Kalenikova E. I. , Medvedev O. S.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: According to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of obesity, the plasma level of coenzyme q10 in the correlation relationship with lipid metabolism disorders and functional liver state is of interest to study.

AIM: Substantiation of approaches to the correction of lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with exogenous obesity based on the content of coenzyme Q10 and its relationship with lipid profile and liver enzymes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-center cross-sectional study enlisted the control (n=32, -1.0≤BMI SD score ≤+2.0) and obese (n=40, BMI SD score>+2.0) groups of children with the mean age of 12 yr. In all children BMI, lipidogram, liver enzymes (ALT and AST), plasma coenzyme Q10 and liver ultrasound examination were assessed.

RESULTS: Patients of both groups were comparable (p> 0.05) in age and gender. The level of coenzyme Q10 in the compared groups was comparable (p> 0.05) and did not differ in patients with different degrees of obesity. According to the results of the study of the lipid profile in the obese children, the level of HDL was lower, and the level of LDL was higher than that in control group. The highest value of HDL was obtained in the patients with the 1st degree of obesity and the highest level of triglycerides — in the patients with the 4th degree of obesity. The control group demonstrated moderate correlations between endogenous coenzyme Q10 and total cholesterol (r=0.474, p=0.009) which persists in patients with the first degree of obesity (r = 0.548, p = 0.035). There was no difference in AST in the study groups, however, the main group demonstrated elevated ALT and ALT/AST ratio (p <0.001). The highest ALT and ALT / AST ratio were observed in patients with greatest degree of obesity. Eighteen obese children (45%) had ALT / AST ratio ≥1 (in the control group –one patient (3%) (p <0.001), while fourteen patients showed liver enlargement and structure change according to ultrasound (80%). The control group demonstrated moderate correlations between endogenous coenzyme Q10 and total cholesterol (r=0.474, p=0.009) and between coenzyme Q10 and ALT / AST ratio (r=0.412, p=0.023) . In the obese group there was correlation between AI and ALT / AST (r = 0.436, p = 0.006) and in patients with the 1st degree of obesity — between also coenzyme Q10 and ALT (r = 0.875, p <0.001).

CONCLUSION: The disturbances in adequate control of cholesterol by coenzyme Q10 in obese children possibly confirming the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can serve as indication to use coenzyme Q10 in order to correct these complications.
Association of rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1042714 ADRB2 with the changes in body fat mass in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders
Authors: Valeeva F. V. , Medvedeva M. S. , Kiseleva T. A. , Khasanova K. B. , Gabidinova G. F.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Depending on the polymorphism of genes that that are involved in metabolism, the response of patients to different types of therapy may differ. Despite the potential effect of rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042712 ADRB2 on changes in body composition in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders, these associations haven’t been studied yet. AIM: To study the influence of rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1042714 ADRB2 on changes in body fat composition in different types of therapy of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved patients with overweight or obesity and risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes development. All patients underwent genotyping with the real-time polymerase chain reaction, oral glucose tolerance test and bioimpedancemetry. Further, the patients were divided into two groups. First group kept a diet with the exclusion of simple and limitation of complex carbohydrates and fats. Second group took metformin in addition to the diet. Three months after bioimpedancemetry was performed again.

RESULTS: The research involved 73 patients (the mean age 48±12 y.o., the mean BMI 34,27±6,18 kg/m2 ). The diet therapy group consisted of 47 people. Other 26 patients took metformin in addition to the diet. In group of diet, T allele carriers of rs7903146 TCF7L2 were characterized with more decrease in fat mass compared with CC homozygotes (- 7.90 ± 9.46% vs. -1.54 ± 8.98%, p = 0.027). CC genotype carriers of rs7903146 TCF7L2 in group of metformin and the diet had a tendency for more decrease in hip circumference compared with T allele carriers (-4.95 ± 3.34% vs. — 2.5 ± 2.96%, p = 0.064). Carriers of C allele in homozygous state of rs1042714 ADRB2, who took metformin with the diet, demonstrated more decrease in hip circumference (- 5.81 ± 3.00% vs. -2.50 ± 2.7%, p = 0.009), the tendency for decrease in fat mass (-8.28 ± 8.86% vs. — 3.20 ± 5.09%, p = 0.068) and waist circumference (-5.91 ± 4.29% vs. -3.03 ± 4.01 %, p = 0.091) compared with G allele carriers. The association of rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042714 ADRB2 with changes in total body weight was not observed (p> 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7903146 TCF7L2 and rs1042714 ADRB2 influence on body fat composition in patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in various types of treatment.
Evaluación de un esquema de control integrado de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en vacas preñadas y con cría en el noreste argentino
Authors: Rossner María Victoria , Gómez Viviana Daniela , Morel Nicolás , Nava Santiago
Published: May 2022

El objetivo fue evaluar un esquema de control integrado para Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en vacas preñadas y con cría combinando dos tratamientos con acaricidas químicos y el descanso de potreros en una localidad representativa del noreste argentino. Este esquema fue diseñado para combinar el efecto terapéutico del control estratégico (dos tratamientos aplicados entre fines del invierno y la primavera) con el que tiene el descanso de las pasturas (en el presente trabajo de tres meses) sobre la cantidad de larvas presentes en un potrero. Veintidós vacas y vaquillas de biotipo Braford fueron distribuidas en dos grupos en potreros infestados naturalmente con garrapatas, con un descanso de tres meses previo al ingreso de los animales. El grupo I recibió dos tratamientos acaricidas con fluazurón y flumetrina y el grupo II permaneció sin tratamientos como grupo control. Se estimó mensualmente la infestación con garrapatas y se calculó la eficacia terapéutica. La infestación con Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en el grupo I fue significativamente menor que la del grupo control y los niveles de eficacia fueron siempre superiores al 93%, con la excepción del conteo de febrero dónde el porcentaje de eficacia fue del 89,1%. La integración complementaria de la descontaminación parcial ejercida mediante un descanso de pasturas de tres meses con un esquema de tratamientos estratégicos (dos en un período de 10 meses) permitió alcanzar niveles significativos de eficacia en el control de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus manteniendo bajos niveles de infestación con mínimos movimientos a corral, y brindando sustentabilidad al uso de los acaricidas.
Capacidad de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 para inhibir biopelículas de Campylobacter coli
Authors: Ruiz María Julia , Sirini Noelí Estefanía , Zimmermann Jorge Alberto , Soto Lorena Paola , Zbrun María Victoria , Sequeira Gabriel Jorge , Olivero Carolina Raquel , Rosmini Marcelo Raúl , Signorini Marcelo Lisandro , Frizzo Laureano Sebastián
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad inhibitoria de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 frente a Campylobacter coli en ensayos de formación de biopelículas in vitro y exclusión competitiva. La formación de biopelículas por C. coli NCTC11366, C. coli DSPV458, C. coli DSPV541 y C. coli DSPV570 fue evaluada mediante medición de DO. La capacidad inhibitoria de L. plantarum LP5 frente a C. coli fue evaluada sobre discos de vidrio, nailon y aluminio. Sobre una biopelícula de L. plantarum se adicionó C. coli para cuantificar el efecto inhibidor de L. plantarum LP5 sobre el patógeno. Las cuatro cepas de C. coli fueron clasificadas como moderadas formadoras de biopelículas. El ensayo de exclusión competitiva mostró que la formación de biopelículas de las cepas de C. coli en todos los materiales fue significativamente mayor que la formación de biopelículas de cada patógeno en presencia de biopelículas de L. plantarum LP5. Si bien es necesario realizar más pruebas para confirmar la capacidad de supervivencia de C. coli en ambientes hostiles hasta llegar al huésped, este estudio permitiría avanzar en el esclarecimiento de su comportamiento mediante la formación de biopelículas.
Robust Control for Buck dc to dc Converter by Using Double Integral Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Hadi Abdal-Razak Shehab , Anees Nadia
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the performance concerning the sliding mode control approach for DC/DC converters is explored. The step-down kind switch regulator buck converter is used in many devices that utilize batteries as a source of power, such as laptops, electric vehicles and cell phones. Recently, it has been employed in renewable power processing, whereas it can gain maximum production power with high performance. In this work, a buck converter is developed with a proportional-integral-derivative sliding mode control (PID SMC) and a double complete sliding mode control (DISMC), and response for appropriate control parameters are determined. The performance parameters of the system have been tested and analyzed, demonstrating that DC to DC converter planned through the sliding mode control possess a speedy dynamic response and is so effective in many applications.
Spatiotemporal Distribution for Precipitable Water Vapor and Precipitation Over Iraq during the Period (1979-2019)
Authors: Salman Aseel D. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: May 2022

Water vapor plays an important role in transporting sensible heat and latent heat and is important in cloud fashioning, and precipitation fashioning, it’s one of the more important greenhouse gases so it plays an essential role in climate change. To strengthen understanding of climate change, it is necessary to analyze the spatial and temporal PWV and P distribution and variations and association between them. This research aims to calculate Precipitable Water Vapor and Precipitation Conversion Efficiency and spatial and temporal PWV and P distribution and association between them for Iraq for the period (1979-2019). In this research temperature and dew point temperature and precipitation has been downloaded from ECMWF to calculate saturation vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure and mixing ratio and that’s necessary to calculate Precipi table Water Vapor and Precipitation Conversion Efficiency. spatial distribution and temporal variation of monthly and total annual and a seasonal average of PWV and P have been studied for twelve stations covering north, east, west, central and southern (Sulaymaniah, Zakho, Kirkuk, Mosul, Erbil, Khanaqine Baghdad, Rutba, Karbala, Smawa, Nasiryia, Amarah). The results showed that larger Precipitable water vapor does not necessarily correspond to larger PCE, as well as the Precipitable water vapor increases in the station that characterizes high temperature and location near a water source so its increase in south station and decrease in the northeast stations . While precipitation increase in stations that located in mountains region and characterize by low temperature so its increase in Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Zakho stations. And there is a negative relation between P and PWV.
Manufacture and Testing an Automatic Sprinkler Riser in the Fixed Sprinkler Irrigation System Using Smart Irrigation and its Impact on the Performance of the System and Zea Maize Yield
Authors: Ibrahim Khaldoun , Jasim Dr. Abdulrazzak Abdullatif
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was carried out with the aim of designing and manufacturing an automatic sprinkler riser for fixed sprinkler irrigation system and evaluated its impact on the system performance and the growth and production of Zea maize at Al-Raad Research Station located in the Akerkov area, 1 km north of the highway (Baghdad - Anbar) in silt clay loam soil for the agricultural season of 2021. Riser type included a regular straw, and a self-propelled riser with an inner tube, and a self-propelled riser with an external tube, and operating pressure included 1, 1.5 and 2 bar. Were used in this experiment., sprinkler discharge, sprinkler service area, plant height and plant yield. Were studied in this research Nested deign with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, were used the least significant difference was used under the probability level of 0.05 (LSD0.05) for comparison in the averages of the coefficients of the experiment, the results showed the following an automatic sprinkler riser with the outer tube was significantly superior in obtaining the highest the highest moisture content of 37.29% and the highest value of the sprinkler service area amounted to 247.98 m2 and the highest yield of the crop was 6.38 tons.ha-1, while the self-propelled riser with inner tube outperformed in obtaining the highest value of plant height amounted to 189.67 cm, and it was noted that there was no significant difference between the risers used in the value of sprinkler discharge .The superiority of the operating pressure of 2 bar in obtaining the highest value of the highest value of the moisture content was 37.97, and the highest value of the sprinkler discharge was 33.07 liters. Min-1 and the highest value of the sprinkler service area was 367.71 m2, the highest plant height was 190.11 cm and the highest yield of the crop was 6.46 ton. ha-1 compared with other pressure. The interaction between the self-propelled riser with inner tube and the operating pressure of 2 bar was superior to obtaining the highest moisture content of 38.13%, and the highest discharge of the sprinkler was 33.40 liters.min-1 while the bilateral interaction between the self-propelled riser with an external tube and the operating pressure of 2 bar exceeded the highest value of the highest value of the sprinkler service area amounted to 377.69 m2, the highest height of the plant was 194.67 cm, and the highest yield of the crop was 6.89 ton. ha-1. The success of using the locally designed and manufactured an automatic sprinkler "self-rising" riser according to the plant's height and used in the fixed sprinkler irrigation system to irrigate the maize crop.
Effect of Adding Aqueos Extract of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Peel and Moringa (Moringa Oleifer) Dried Leaves Powder to Drinking Water in Carcass Characteristics and Some Immunological and Microbial Traits of Broiler Chickens
Authors: H.Q. Baqer , B.M. Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

Conducted this study in a field Poultry Birds, Animal Production Division -faculty of Agriculture-Karbala University, For the period 10/8/2020 until 30/11/2020, To find out Effect of adding aqueous extract of pomegranate peel powder and dried moringa leaves to drinking water in the Carcass traits and some immunological and microbial traits for broiler meat. used in this experiment210 broiler chicks of the breedRoss308 is not naturalize done day old, the chicks were fed on a starter ration for 1-14 days from the age of the bird and a rationa second15 -28nodding and a bush Final for 29-42 days, and a starting weight 40g/chick, and distributed birds distribution randomly on seven tretments Each transaction contained 30bird With three replications Each repeat contained 10 birds. If it includes two parameters: the first transaction T1 control treatment without any addition, second treatment T2 addition of aqueous extract to Pomegranate peels, at a concentration of 25 ml / liter, Third transaction T3 Addition of aqueous extract to Pomegranate peels, at a concentration of 37.5 ml / liter, fourth treatment T4 Addition of aqueous extract to Pomegranate peels, at a concentration of 50 ml / liter, the fifth treatment T5 Adding aqueous extract of moringa leaf powder at a concentration of 50 ml/L, sixth treatment T6 adding aqueous extract of moringa leaf powder at a concentration of 75 ml/L of water, seventh treatment T7 adding aqueous extract of moringa leaf powder at a concentration of 100 ml/L. Results are shown moral improvement (p≤0.05) in the characteristics of the carcass with a decrease in the logarithmic numbers in for bacteria E. colli, high morale in logarithmic numbers for bacteria Lactobacillus in the contents of the jejunum and the ileum Having a moral high (<0.05) in the volumetric standard of antibodies against Newcastle disease and in the relative weight of the Fabricia gland, the thymus gland, the spleen and the Fabricia index compared to the control treatment Tretments are recorded T4T6 the best results in all the studied traits.