bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASQAD MUXTORNING “TUNDALIKLAR”DA MUALLIF USLUBI VA MAHORATI
Authors: Odiljon qizi Nishonova Shohsanam
Published: January 2025

Bugungi kunda internet rivojlangani sayin, bosma nashrlarni teraji sezilarli darajada tushib bormoqda. Bu borada shoir-yozuvchilarning ijodini, muharririlik mahoratini o‘rganish, ijod labaratoriyasini tadqiq qilib, yangi ilmiy xulolsalar berish har qachongidan muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ayniqsa, Asqad Muxtor publitsistikasi ko‘lami ilmiy ish uchun munosib asos desak mubolag‘a bo‘lmaydi.   
Publitsistik asarlarini mazkur yo‘nalishda tahlil  etishda jurnalistikada mavzu, sarlavha tanlash mahorati, undagi g‘oya, ijtimoiy obraz topish  kabi nazariy savollarga yechim topishda xizmat qiladi. Shu boisdan ham milliy jurnalistikamizda yaqin o‘tmishda ijod qilgan Asqad Muxtor kabi so‘z kishilarining mumtoz yo‘llarini o‘rganish davr talabi hisoblanadi. Xususan, mazkur tadqiqotimizda Asqad Muxtor ijodining bir qismi hisoblangan publitsistikasiga kasb nuqtayi nazardan yondashuvimiz ham dolzarb masalalardan biridir.
Home / Archives / Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Indus Journal of Bioscience Research / Original Article
Impact of Preoperative Cardiology Consultation on Perioperative Complications in Elective Non-Cardiac Major Surgery: A Comparative Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Salman Sharif  , Adeel Ur Rehman  , Kashif Naeem  , Naveed Masood  , Hafiz Muhammad Furqan Izhar  , Asir Nasiuddin
Published: January 2025

Background: Perioperative complications pose significant risks for patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery, particularly those with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. These problems may lead to increased morbidity, extended hospitalizations, and greater healthcare expenditures. Consequently, identifying techniques to mitigate perioperative hazards has emerged as a priority in clinical settings. Objective: To compare the frequency of perioperative complications in patients who received and did not receive cardiology consultation prior to undergoing non-cardiac elective surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Method: A Descriptive Study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, for six months after the approval of the synopsis from March 26, 2021, to September 26, 2021. All patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Informed consent was obtained after explaining the procedure, risks, and benefits. A brief history for demographic data like age and gender was recorded, and perioperative complications were assessed on the third postoperative day. Data were electronically stored for research purposes. Results: The age of patients ranged from 36 to 70 years, with a median of 57 and an interquartile range of 14 (C.I 53.94–56.93). Among them, 91 (61.1%) were male, and 58 (38.9%) were female. Acute coronary syndrome was found in 8 (5.4%), arrhythmia in 9 (6.0%), while no patients had acute heart failure. No significant difference was observed between those who received cardiology consultation and those who did not (P-Value: 0.133 & 0.086). Conclusion: No significant difference was noted among patients who received and did not receive cardiology consultation before non-cardiac elective surgery.
Anticipating Cure: Blood and Urine Cultures Before Starting Antibiotics in Patients Admitted in Medical and Surgical Wards from Emergency Department at Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar
Authors: Muhammad Daud  , Muhammad Abdullah  , Muhammad Zubair  , Naveed Ahmad  , Muhammad Uzair  , Sheheryar Khan  , Waseem Ulllah  , Pir Asad Ali Shah
Published: January 2025

Background: This medical review examines whether Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar follows IDSA recommendations when obtaining blood and urine cultures before starting antibiotics for new patients coming from ED. The accuracy of blood and urine culture tests depends on proper specimen collection procedures yet healthcare teams only stick to these methods inconsistently which leads to inappropriate antibiotic use and raises patient risks. Methodology: Staff from Lady Reading Hospital reviewed 200 past patient records through HMIS to perform this analysis. Our sample consisted of blood cultures taken from 100 patients alongside 100 urine tests. The review examined to what extent healthcare facilities followed IDSA recommendations and aimed for 95% implementation accuracy. The research team gathered information about patients such as age, culture testing schedule, and antibiotic treatment details. The audit uncovered system challenges affecting patient care and doctors' decision structures. Results and Discussion: The examination revealed poor culture practices with tests taken before antibiotics only in 10% of blood culture cases and 2% of urine culture cases which fell far below the desired 95% rate. The busy ED environment made clinicians rush the processing of patient samples which led to reduced adherence to antibiotic protocols and increased the risk of developing drug-resistant bacteria. Conclusion: The audit shows Lady Reading Hospital does not follow proper guidelines by taking diagnostic cultures before starting antibiotic treatment. Clinicians need education and workflow changes plus real-time monitoring to meet IDSA rules and help patients get better results.
Comparison between Onlay vs Sublay Mesh Techniques in Terms of Wound Infection, Seroma Formation and Recurrence-A Retrospective Study
Authors: Faizan Muhammad  , Muhammad Irshad Hussain  , Syed Muhammad Saud Ali Bokhari  , Sarmad Akram  , Muhammad Haseeb Ilyas  , Khuram Shahzad  , Muhammad Naqash Khan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Ventral hernia repair remains a significant challenge, with onlay and sublay mesh techniques being widely used. This study evaluates these approaches in terms of wound infection, seroma formation, recurrence, and skin necrosis. Objectives: To compare the outcomes of onlay and sublay mesh repair techniques in ventral hernia surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Recep Tayyip Erdogan Hospital, Muzaffargarh, reviewing 123 patients who underwent elective mesh hernioplasty from January 2017 to December 2021. Data on demographics, comorbidities, hernia type, procedure type, operative time, and complications were analyzed. Results: Onlay repair was performed in 59.3% and sublay in 40.7% of cases. Seroma formation was higher in sublay (18%) than onlay (10%). Recurrence occurred only in the onlay group (2.86%). SSI rates were 4.3% for onlay and 0% for sublay. Operative time was longer for sublay repairs. Conclusion: We concluded in ths study that both the techniques are effective with comparable outcomes. Sublay repairs reduce recurrence but require longer operative times.
Standardizing Invasive Provocation Testing for Vasospastic Angina: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Protocols and Clinical Practice
Authors: Sufyan Mohamed Khair  , Owais Bin Qadeer Gill  , Hina Ali Akbar  , Roozina Shaikh  , Syeda Wafa Zahra Naqvi  , Mohammad Ahsan
Published: January 2025

Objective: Vasospastic angina (VSA) is an underdiagnosed condition with significant implications for patient outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic protocols and clinical practices surrounding invasive provocation testing for VSA, with a focus on standardization and its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods: The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and included studies from 2014 to 2024 that addressed invasive provocation testing for VSA. A total of 1,342 records were screened, with nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction focused on diagnostic protocols, pharmacological agents, safety measures, and clinical outcomes. Results: The findings emphasize the need for standardized diagnostic protocols for VSA, such as the COVADIS criteria, which include nitrate-responsive angina, transient ischemic ECG changes, and documented coronary artery spasm. Pharmacological agents like acetylcholine and ergonovine are commonly used, though variability in dosage, administration, and monitoring compromises standardization. Invasive provocation testing demonstrated high diagnostic utility in differentiating VSA from other forms of ANOCA, facilitating targeted interventions like calcium channel blockers. However, safety concerns and lack of clinician awareness limit its widespread adoption. Geographic disparities further exacerbate the variability in clinical practices. Conclusion: Standardization of invasive provocation testing protocols is critical for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in VSA. The adoption of uniform criteria, training for healthcare professionals, and integration into clinical guidelines are essential steps toward addressing the underdiagnosis of VSA. Future research should address geographic and systemic barriers to ensure equitable implementation of standardized diagnostic practices.
Problems and Prospects in Competencies-based Education: A Curriculum Studies Perspective
Authors:   The University of Western Australia, O’Donoghue Tom , Chapman Elaine
Published: January 2025

The fundamental premise of this paper is that a broad rather than a narrow definition of ‘competency’ should inform discussions on ‘competencies-based education’. Also, while we see value in drawing on a broad definition when designing curricula, we hold that it is not sufficient on its own for such design if education is to be a humanizing activity along with being a preparation for the societal demands of life. To take this position is to promote a curriculum studies perspective to analyzing competencies-based education. The paper clarifies what we mean by such a perspective. A variety of difficulties inherent in competencies-based education that have been outlined over the last thirty years by significant curriculum theorists are then outlined. The paper concludes with a brief exposition on how a broad-based view of competencies-based education can be accommodated within a curriculum framework that addresses these difficulties and views education as a liberating activity, while also allowing for its contribution to economic and social concerns.
Shaving Cream and Cowboys: A Descriptive Study of Play Differences between Typically Developing and Developmentally Delayed Preschoolers
Authors:   Texas Christian University, Rowe Melinda
Published: January 2025

Through play, children develop cognitively, socially, emotionally, and physically. Preschoolers embark on a journey of self-discovery during play activities, learning self-regulation and how to accurately represent themselves in the environment. This study explored the play behaviours of eight different children in two different schools. Four children were typically developing; the other four were developmentally delayed. The results indicated that despite developmental differences, the children were all able to play in similar fashions. Play can be used for all children, and a label of a developmental delay should not limit the type of play in which the child is allowed to engage. If play is developmentally appropriate, then children should be able to successfully engage in the activity.
The Recruitment Problem in Psychiatry: A Critical Commentary
Authors:   The University of Western Australia, Stampfer Hans
Published: January 2025

The continuing shortfall in recruitment to Psychiatry is examined with suggestions for affirmative action. Recruitment may improve in the near future because of the high demand for psychiatrists, the incentives offered, greater competition for other specialties, and a pool of international graduates willing to work in Psychiatry. There remains the long-term challenge of how to inspire positive vocational interest given the persisting stigma of mental illness, a legacy of negative attitudes towards Psychiatry, stressful aspects of the work, and increasing encroachment on Psychiatry’s jurisdiction in the treatment of mental illness. Accepting the importance of giving students and graduates a good exposure to Psychiatry, it is also important to make a critical appraisal of what they see. Realistic disincentives may be overlooked against a background of stigma and prejudice, and arguably insufficient attention has been given to addressing realistic disincentives. It is suggested that the emphasis on reductionist explanations in Psychiatry today will not benefit recruitment or Psychiatry. Open acknowledgment and discussion of problematical theoretical and practical issues might lead to greater vocational interest and attract graduates interested in advancing and not merely practicing Psychiatry.
DECIPHERING THE EARTH’S ARSENIC ENIGMA: A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF GLOBAL GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad , Hina Kausar  , Sarmad Habib Khan  , Uzair Rabbani  , Muzammil Khalid
Published: January 2025

Background: Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a major global environmental and public health issue, affecting over 150 million individuals across more than 70 countries. Toxic inorganic arsenic species, arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV), significantly disrupt cellular processes, causing oxidative stress and leading to severe health risks such as arsenicosis, cardiovascular diseases, neurotoxicity, and multiple cancers. Major river basins and deltas, including the Bengal and Mekong Deltas, exhibit arsenic levels exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of 10 ppb, impacting vulnerable populations disproportionately.
Objective: To comprehensively examine the sources, health effects, and mitigation strategies for arsenic contamination in groundwater on a global scale, with a focus on current challenges and regional disparities.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted, synthesizing data from over 100 peer-reviewed studies published in the last decade. Arsenic concentration data from affected regions were evaluated, alongside epidemiological studies on health outcomes. Mitigation strategies, including deep groundwater extraction, well switching, and oxidation methods, were analyzed for effectiveness and limitations based on field trials and global implementation reports.
Results: Groundwater arsenic levels varied widely, with concentrations ranging from <0.5 ppb to over 5000 ppb globally. In Bangladesh, over 45 million people are exposed to arsenic levels exceeding 50 ppb, compared to 20% of deep wells in Vietnam exceeding WHO guidelines. Health effects included a 30% increase in cardiovascular dysfunction and a 25% higher incidence of neurotoxicity in regions with elevated arsenic exposure. Mitigation strategies demonstrated regional variability, with deep tube wells reducing arsenic levels below 10 ppb in 95% of tested wells in Bangladesh, while oxidation achieved up to 99% arsenic removal under controlled laboratory conditions.
Conclusion: Arsenic contamination in groundwater remains a critical threat to global public health. Although existing mitigation strategies show promise, their effectiveness is challenged by high costs, regional variability, and socioeconomic disparities. Ongoing research, adaptive solutions, and international collaboration are essential to reducing the health and environmental impacts of arsenic exposure.
Análisis del procedimiento de Adecuación de Operaciones y sus derivados en su aplicación en el sector minero del Perú
Authors: Oscar André Álvarez Salvador
Published: January 2025

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis del procedimiento de Adecuación de Operaciones y sus derivados en su aplicación en el sector minero del Perú; como metodología se basa en la revisión documentaria emitida por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas (MINEM) y entidades públicas encargadas de la gestión de la Adecuación de Operaciones; y como resultado se presenta la estrategia general del procedimiento así como la cantidad de acogimiento a este procedimiento extraordinario dado por la autoridad minera y algunos resultados con extensiones o derivados de este procedimiento, dando lugar a conclusiones donde es posible advertir que se trata de una medida favorable para viabilizar la regularización de componentes mineros  a la adecuación ambiental, que puede permanecer en el tiempo para aliviar, entre otras, las medidas administrativas y correctivas impuestas por las autoridades fiscalizadoras como OEFA y OSINERGMIN en el Perú
Advancements in V2X Communication: Enhancing Vehicle-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Pedestrian, and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Connectivity"
Authors: - Suresh Sureddi
Published: January 2025

The automotive industry is transforming rapidly with the evolution of 5G, cloud computing, connected and autonomous vehicles, and artificialintelligence. Wireless communication plays a significant role in this industry transformation with continuously evolving V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) communication technologies. V2X in general is referred to as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure), V2N (Vehicle-to-Network) communication and so on.Safety and congestion, two of the major issues in transport, are the best examples, to which the vehicular communication has started to have an influence. These V2Xcommunications provide traffic efficiency, driving safety, and road information in real-time.This paper briefly highlights the evolution of V2X communications, starting from DSRC to 5G NR V2X, and compares different types of wireless communication for vehicle communications. It also provides a list of applications that use V2X. It also briefly highlights the security concerns involved with these V2X communications and the mitigation plans being studied by academia and industry.
Exploration of Python and Scala in Databricks Advantages and Challenges
Authors: - Hari Prasad Bomma
Published: January 2025

In the ever evolving realm of big data processing and analysis, the choice of programming language has become a critical factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of data driven solutions. Two prominent contenders in this area are Python and Scala. Each boasting a unique set of features and capabilities that cater to the diverse needs of data scientists and engineers. This article explores the performance and scalability of large scale data processing tasks in Databricks using Python and Scala. It delves into the specific advantages and challenges associated with each language and provide practical insights and recommendations for data engineers and scientists.
Implementing Multi-Cloud Strategies with Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud for Enhanced Business Continuity
Authors: - Upesh kumar Rapolu
Published: January 2025

The rise of multi-cloud strategies, leveraging the unique affordances of multiple cloud platforms like Azure, AWS, and Google Cloud, promises significant enhancements to business continuity. However, the implementation of a multi-cloud strategy to achieve seamless integration across these platforms is hindered by the foremost challenge of interoperability and integration limitations arising from proprietary interfaces, variations in API architectures, and other complications, all of which complicate cross-platform functionality. This study draws from the current research in this area to propose a semantic interoperability framework for integrating AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure cloud services as an effective solution to the challenges. By employing ontology-based standardization to unify terminologies, supported by a multi-layered reference architecture to structure cross-platform collaboration, this posited framework addresses the critical barriers to integration and interoperability to realize the full potential of multi-cloud deployments in enhancing business continuity.
Profile of Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Solving Mathematical Problems Reviewed from the Learning Style of Grade IV Students of SD Inpres Teamate, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency
Authors: - Nurlaila Karim , - Sukmawati
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe the critical thinking skills of grade IV students from auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learning styles in mathematics problem solving at SD Inpres Teamate. This study adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The population of this study is grade IV students consisting of 30 people who will be grouped based on their teaching style, each learning style is represented by 1 student, so that the research subject is 3 students. The data collection techniques used are questionnaires, tests, interviews, and documentation which start from giving learning style questionnaires to 30 students then selecting 1 person each representing audio, visual, and kinesthetic learning styles to be given a critical thinking test. The data analysis techniques used are condensation, data presentation, and verification. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded: 1) the critical thinking ability of students with auditory learning styles is able to meet the indicators of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference and explanation well; 2) the critical thinking ability of students with visual learning styles is able to meet the indicators of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference and explanatory very well; 3) the critical thinking ability of students with a kinesthetic learning style is less able to meet the indicators of interpretation, evaluation and explanatory but less able to meet the indicators of analysis and inference.
Reliability and Validity of Gujarati Version of Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (OMPQ-G) - A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: - RIMPLE SURESH PAL , - DR.BOSKY M MEHTA(PT) , - DR. ANIKET SOLANKI(PT)
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Low Back Pain (LBP) is among the most commonly reported symptoms in primary care facilities across the globe. A significant concern in the management of LBP is the progression from acute pain to chronic disability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, from 2023 to 2024, with permission obtained via email to translate the OMPQ scale into Gujarati, following Beaton Guidelines. Participants aged 18 to 66, both male and female, who understood Gujarati and had acute or sub-acute back pain (lasting less than three months), were included. A total of 300 participants were selected to assess test-retest reliability based on the 25 items of the OMPQ.
RESULT: The Internal Consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (α= 0.99) and high Correlation Coefficient (ICC= 0.98) the OMPQ-G showed excellent test-retest reliability. CVR values for 14 items in OMPQ-G was 1 so it was accepted by all the expert committee members (n=10) except for 11 items which was 0.8 means it is accepted with modification by 1 expert.
DISCUSSION:
CONCLUSION: The OMPQ-G scale is a brief, easy-to use, reliable and valid scale for assessing psychosocial factor in Gujarati population with low back pain.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Attitude Regarding Mental Illness Among Adults at Selected Rural Areas of Udaipur District, Rajasthan
Authors: - Dr.Chandra Prakash Dekhawat , - Mr. Harendra Gahlot
Published: January 2025

Mental illness stigma and misconceptions are prevalent in rural areas, limiting treatment and social integration. This study assessed the attitudes toward mental illness among adults in selected rural areas of Udaipur district, Rajasthan.
Review of the Vehicle Detection System for No Parking
Authors: - Rachel George
Published: January 2025

Parking management becomes more difficult as cities get busier and cars increase. This Paper focuses on creating a smart parking system to regulate vehicle access and stop illegal parking. Our method uses ultrasonic or infrared sensors, a servo motor, and a buzzer to prevent unauthorized parking, in contrast to current systems that just provide parking availability. If someone parks a car in a restricted area the siren might go off, if the siren is still on then it sends an SMS notification to the traffic police via a GSM module. It is important to note that a camera will take an image of the car, save it to Google Drive, and include the link when sending the SMS for better policing.
Microbial Pigments: Types, Production Methods, and Diverse Applications in Various Industries: A Review
Authors: - Keerthana T , - Sai SUbhashini S
Published: January 2025

Microbial pigments represent a class of natural pigments with significant potential across diverse industries including food, textiles, dairy, cosmetics, marine applications, and medicine. These pigments are considered valuable due to their abundant resources, high production yield, low cost, ease of cultivation, adaptability to various environments, optimization, and stability. Additionally, they are eco-friendly, biodegradable, and free of harmful side effects. Microbial pigments have shown promise in treating various diseases due to their bioactive properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activities. This review explores the various types of microbial pigments, their sources, characteristics, production and their applications in various fields.
Clinical spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease in Kashmiri Population: A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: - Waseem javid , - Showkat ahmad kadla , - Nisar ahmad shah
Published: January 2025

Background and objectives: The global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) is on the rise. We don’t have any epidemiological or descriptive data especially in Kashmir valley, India. The objective of this study is to identify socio-demographic and clinical characteristics among patients with IBD attending Tertiary hospital in Kashmir, India.
Methods: The current study was a hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study. It was conducted in the department of Gastroenterology, GMC Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. We applied a Questionnaire for patients diagnosed with IBD. We focussed on the socio-demographic and clinical variables of each patient.
Results: 100 patients with IBD whose age was more than 17 years were included in this study. Fifty seven of them (57%) were UC and forty three (43%) CD. The mean age of patients with UC was 38.7±6.19 years and 35.3±5.62 years for patients with CD. 48% of patients were males and 52% were females. The male/female distribution was 1.48:1 for UC and 1.45:1 for CD. The most common first presentation of UC and CD were bloody stools (63.2%) and pain abdomen (40%) respectively. Extra intestinal manifestations were present in 58% of UC and 42% of CD patients. CD mostly affected the terminal ileum location (L1) (60.5%). CD patients with stricture (18.6%), fistula (11.6) and /or perianal disease (11.6%) were mostly female and younger at diagnosis. Left sided colitis was the most common extension of UC (62%). Most of CD and UC patients were under treatment with different pharmacological agents which includes 5-ASA (71%), followed by Thiopurines (47%), steroids (50%) and anti- TNF therapy(16%). Majority of our patients are on follow up and in remission (97%) and three of UC patients (5.3%) died of COVID -19 infections mostly were elderly with severe disease.
Conclusion: Diagnostic delay is still a big concern, leading to more complicated disease. The higher proportion of complicated CD and extensive UC resulted in a greater need for healthcare resources in this cohort such as hospitalisation, surgery and biological treatment.
Inovação e Vigilância em Saúde: Estratégias para o Fortalecimento da Prevenção e Monitoramento na Saúde Pública
Authors: Lima Elaynne Jeyssa Alves , Barbosa Thamyres maria Silva
Published: January 2025

O livro "Inovação e Vigilância em Saúde: Estratégias para o Fortalecimento da Prevenção e Monitoramento na Saúde Pública". Esta obra surge como uma contribuição indispensável para compreender os avanços e desafios no campo da vigilância em saúde, oferecendo uma análise abrangente sobre estratégias inovadoras e abordagens integradas para a prevenção de doenças e o monitoramento de riscos na saúde pública.
ON THE UNIFORMLY CONVERGENCE SPECTRAL EXPANSIONS CONNECTED WITH SCHRÃ–DINGERâ€™S OPERATOR OF CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS IN A CLOSED DOMAIN
Authors: Rakhimov A. A. , Zakaria K. , Khan N. A.
Published: January 2025

Present paper is devoted to study summability problem of spectral expansions in a closed domain. We consider here as a spectral expansions eigenfunction expansions connected with one Schrodingerâ€™s operator with singular potential in two dimensional domains with smooth boundary
INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION-PROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE OF POLYANILINE COVERED INORGANIC PIGMENTS
Authors: Khan M. I. , Hashim S. , Chaudhry A. U. , Iqbal M. Z.
Published: January 2025

In current work, three types of inorganic pigments i.e. iron oxide (Fe2O3), Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Nickel carbonate (NiCO3) were mixed in equal proportion and surface-modified with inherited electrically conductive polyaniline (phosphate doped polyaniline) by method of in situ polymerization i.e. polymerization of polyaniline in presence of mixed pigments. Ammonium per sulfate was used as an oxidant for polymerization of aniline at low temperature. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the surface of polyanilineâ€“pigment composites. These characterization techniques revealed that the surface of pigments have been modified by phosphate doped polyaniline. Polyaniline, mixed pigments alone and polyaniline layered mixed pigments were incorporated with solvent based primer of vinyl acrylate and applied on carbon steel panels. Corrosion rate of carbon steel panels obtained after 800 hrs of immersion in 4% sodium chloride. It was least in case of coated samples with coating containing polyaniline modified pigments.
STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE RATIO (Î´13C) OF SHALLOW MARINE BOTTOM SEDIMENT AS EVIDENCE OF POLLUTION IN MANORA CHANNEL, KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Javed T. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Fazil M. , Qureshi R. M.
Published: January 2025

Marine sediments are one of the endpoints for domestic /industrial contaminants from land based sources and provide an archive for tracing pollution record. Contaminated sediment is a significant environmental problem affecting many marine ecosystem. In the present study sediment samples from Manora Channel/Karachi harbour were analyzed for stable isotope composition of inorganic and organic carbon fractions (measured as Î´ 13C) to estimate the land based terrestrial organic matter in the Manora Channel. The principle of this application lies in the fact that Î´ 13C values of inorganic carbon (mineral fractions such as calcite, aragonite, dolomite) differs vastly from that of the organic carbon fraction of domestic and/or industrial origin in the sediments. Relatively more depleted Î´ 13C (organic) values ranging between - 30.65 to -19.27 â€° PDB for the organic carbon fraction were found in the Layari river outfall zone. In Manora channel mains enriched values Î´ 13C was found in sediment of Manora lighthouse (-5.0 â€° PDB) and Pakistan Naval Academy (-11.76 â€° PDB) while in same zones depleted values of Î´ 13C was found in Bhabba island (-27.31â€° PDB), Bhit Island (-26.13â€° PDB) and Boat Club area (-23.08â€° PDB) indicating impact of domestic sewage added to the Manora channel from surrounding Islands. Î´ 13C (inorganic) fraction of sediment follow similar trend. In conclusion, this study indicates that the bottom sediments of Karachi Harbour and Layari river outfall zones are mainly polluted with organic waste of domestic origin derived from Layari river.
TRACE ELEMENTS ANALYSIS OF CROPS AND VEGETABLES GROWN AROUND INDUSTRIAL AREAS OF FAISALABAD AND GUJRANWALA CITIES USING INAA AND AAS
Authors: Husaini S. N. , Ullah Mati , Akram M. , Zaidi J. H. , Subhan K.
Published: January 2025

Industrial effluents pollution is a source of risk to the health of people living in industrial cities of Pakistan. Most of the untreated effluents are discharged to the nearby agricultural fields that pollutes the vegetation grown in such soil. A majority of the industries are not equipped with suitable recycling and effluent treatment plants. Consequently, toxic metals enter our food chain and results in significant health risks and serious diseases. In order to evaluate the concentration of toxic metals (namely As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb and Se), in crops and vegetable samples collected from the irrigated areas of Faisalabad and Gujranwala regions. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) and atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) techniques have been used. All the observed metal concentrations were higher than the reported literature values. Moreover, the highest values of toxic metals of As (0.44Â±0.03 Âµg/g) and Co (0.5Â±0.01 Âµg/g), Mn (45.3Â±2.0 Âµg/g) and Sb (0.1Â±0.01 Âµg/g), Se (1.28Â±0.06 Âµg/g) and Pb (3.84Â±0.27 Âµg/g) were found in tomato, bitter gourd and rice samples respectively.
TOLERANCE OF DIFFERENT RICE GENOTYPES (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AGAINST THE INFESTATION OF RICE STEM BORERS UNDER NATURAL FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: Sarwar M. , Ahmad N. , Rullah Nas , Tofique M.
Published: January 2025

The present studies report the genotypic responses of 61 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (35 aromatic and 26 non aromatic) against the infestation of rice stem borers under natural field conditions. The data obtained on these genotypes on larval infestation in combination with yield were the criteria to assess the resistance depicted by them. The studies showed that among aromatic genotypes, â€˜Khushboo-95â€™ gave the best yield of grain and harboured the least pest infestation (2.81% deadhearts and 1.85% whiteheads); on the other hand variety â€˜Sonahri Sugdasi (P)â€™ harboured the highest borers attack (10.37% and 19.30%) and yielded the lowest grain yield. Regarding non-aromatic genotypes, IR8-2.5-11 received least infestation (1.32% and 0.26% deadhearts and whiteheads, respectively) generating highest yield showing its tolerance to borerâ€™s attack, in contrast, genotype IR6-252 harboured the highest infestation (5.65%, 4.28%) and yielded minimum grain indicating its susceptibility. These results demonstrate the expression of resistance gene in the genome of tolerant rice genotypes that can provide season-long protection from the natural infestation of insect pests.
ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FOR LANTHANIDES (III) IONS
Authors: Qadeer R. , Saleem M. , Khalid N.
Published: January 2025

The adsorption of lanthanides metals namely Sm3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+ on activated charcoal has been studied as a function of pH at room temperature. Maximum adsorption was observed at pH value of 4. The adsorption mechanism has been described in term of hydrolysed species formed in aqueous solution at different pH. The adsorption of metal ions obeyed the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models in the range of 1.0 to 6.0 g of metal ions per liter of solution. The values of adsorption capacities â€œQâ€ for Sm3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+ ions have been calculated at different pH. The adsorption capacities obtained from Langmuir model are in agreement with the determined values of Temkin constants â€œATâ€ from Temkin model. The determined adsorption capacities of the investigated metal ions varied in the order of Gd3+ > Eu3+ > Sm3+ ions and were correlated with the charge density (Z/r) of the metal ions studied.
INVESTIGATION OF THE MINERAL CONTENTS OF SOME VARIETIES OF POWDER MILK BY PIXE
Authors: Ahmad N. , H. Aejaz S. M. , Naeem A. , Shahnawaz M. , Saadat S.
Published: January 2025

Milk and milk products constitute an important ingredient of human nutrition all over the world. Macro mineral contents like sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and micro mineral contents like iron, copper, zinc, manganese of some varieties of powder milk available in the local market have been investigated by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE). These elements are essential for the optimal functioning of various chemical processes taking place in the human body. Any toxic element present in milk can also be detected simultaneously. PIXE is a powerful and universal elemental analysis technique with high detection sensitivity for elements with Z> 11 in the periodic table. The technique is non-destructive and may be applied to samples as small as a cell to a large painting.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF PEROVSKITE OXIDE Sr2FeCoO6 SYNTHESIZED BY GEL-COMBUSTION PROCESS
Authors: Durrani S. K. , Hussain N. , Saeed K. , Ahmad N. , Qazi N. K. , Ahmad M. , Siddique M.
Published: January 2025

The microscopic and well-dispersed strontium iron cobalt based (SrFe0.5Co0.5O3) perovskite oxide powders have been synthesized by nitrate-citrate gel-combustion process with stiochiometeric composition variation of metal nitrate salts and citric acid. Crystallinity and phase analysis were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Inspection of XRD patterns revealed that almost pure single phase SrFe0.5Co0.5O3 cubic Pm3m symmetry was obtained. Morphology of sintered specimens was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that grain size of sintered samples increases with calcination temperature. XRD and SEM observations revealed that the crystal formation and morphology of SrFe0.5Co0.5O3 oxide were dependent on the precursors and pH of precursor solutions. Thermal decomposition of gel precursor was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA).57Fe MÃ¶ssbauer spectroscopic studies on assynthesized and calcined specimens have confirmed the uniform dispersion of Fe3+ ions in the tetrahedral framework of SrFe0.5Co0.5O3.
INFLUENCE OF pH ON UPTAKE AND BIOACCUMULATION OF RADIOCESIUM ( 137Cs) IN THE GREEN MUSSELS PERNA VIRIDIS
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Khan M. S. , Javed T. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Qureshi R. M. , Chughtai F.
Published: January 2025

Radiotracer experiment was conducted to assess the influence of pH on uptake rate and bioaccumulation of 137Cs from dissolved phase in soft parts of green mussels (Perna viridis) collected from Karachi Coast, under controlled laboratory condition. Green mussels of size 5â€“7 cm were subjected to radiocesium activity of 24 KBq L-1 under three pH levels i.e., 7.5, 8 and 8.5. The uptake of 137Cs was monitored for a period of seven days. The results showed that uptake and bioaccumulation of 137Cs in mussels was dependent on pH levels. Higher bioaccumulation factors and uptake rates were found at pH 8.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF H.264/AVC DEBLOCKING FILTER FOR 720P HIGH DEFINITION VIDEO
Authors: Raja G.
Published: January 2025

High definition Video (HDV) is increasingly becoming common feature in video display devices as it provides superior level of details in comparison to standard video. Latest video compression standard, H.264/AVC can be used for storage and efficient transmission over network. However, blocking artifacts are introduced due to loss of correlation between blocks during compression process. H.264/AVC employs deblocking filter to suppress these blocking artifacts. This paper provides performance evaluation of H.264/AVC deblocking filter for 720p high definition video. Various simulations by using different 720p video sequences are conducted to check the efficiency of H.264/AVC deblocking filter. Simulation results show that H.264/AVC deblocking filter can enhance the perceptual quality of 720p video by suppressing the blocking artifacts.
ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF RICE HUSK FOR SILVER IONS BY LANGMUIR ISOTHERM METHOD
Authors: Zafar S. , Mirza M. L. , Khalid N.
Published: January 2025

The adsorption of silver ions on rice husk has been studied in nitric acid medium at ambient temperature using batch method. Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed for the quantification of silver ions. Maximum adsorption was observed at nitric acid concentration of 0.001mol Lâˆ’1 using 0.5 g of rice husk and shaking time of 15 minutes. The adsorption of silver ions obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model in the concentration range of 1.854 Ã— 10âˆ’4 to 1.159 Ã— 10âˆ’3 mol Lâˆ’1 . A comparison of four linear equations of the Langmuir isotherm (Type 1, 2, 3 and 4) were examined for silver ion sorption onto rice husk. Isotherm parameters obtained from the four linear equations are reported and discussed. Though Langmuir type 1 is the most popular form, but the type 2 had the highest correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9967, compared with the other Langmuir linear equations with R2 values ranged from 0.9688 to 0.9937. The observed adsorption capacities (Qm) of the silver ions on rice husk were in the range of 1.08 to 1.62 mg gâˆ’1 . The determined adsorption capacity of silver on rice husk was also compared with the reported values for other adsorbents.
METAL POLLUTION ASSESSMENT IN SEDIMENTS OF KARACHI COAST, PAKISTAN
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Chaudhary M. Z. , Javed T. , Ghaffar A. , Khan M. S. , Ahmad N. , Qureshi R. M.
Published: January 2025

Concentrations of eight metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni , Pb , Sr and Zn ) in surface sediments of Karachi Coast- Pakistan were determined to evaluate their distribution and pollution assessment. Measured metals in the sediments were found to be in the range of: Fe: 0.84 â€“ 6.96 %, Mn: 300- 1300 Âµg/g, Cr: 12.0 â€“ 319 Âµg/g, Mo: 0.49-2.03 Âµg/g, Ni: 1.53-58.9 Âµg/g, Pb: 9.0-49.5 Âµg/g, Sr:192-1185 Âµg/g, Zn: 15.6-666 Âµg/g. There is no significant correlations among most of these metals, indicating different anthropogenic and natural sources. To assess ecotoxic potential of marine sediments, Numerical Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) were also applied. The concentrations of Pb in all the sediments were lower than the threshold effect concentration (TECs) showing that there is no harmful effect to marine life from Pb. On the other hand, the concentrations of Cr, Ni and Zn exceeded TEC in three station, indicating their potential risk. The degree of pollution in sediments for metals was assessed by calculating enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated that sediments of Layari River Mouth Area, Fish Harbour and KPT Boat Building Area are highly enriched with Cr and Zn (EF > 5). Sediments of Layari River Outfall Zone were moderately enriched with Ni and Pb (EF > 2). The pollution load index was found in the range of 0.98 to 1.34. Lower values of PLI (â‰¤ 1) at most of sampling locations imply no appreciable input from anthropogenic sources. However, relatively higher PLI values (>1) at Layari River Mouth Area, Fish Harbour and KPT Boat Building Area is attributed to increased human activity in the area.
DETERMINATION AND DEMARCATION OF FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION PHASE IN ROTATING BENDING CONDITION
Authors: Pasha R. A. , Rehman K. , Shah M.
Published: January 2025

In engineering applications, components often experience cyclic loading and therefore, have crack initiation propagation phase. In this research work experimental demarcation of fatigue crack initiation has been investigated. Initiation phase of fatigue life of Aluminium was determined by using single and two step fatigue loading test on four point rotating bending fatigue testing machine. Experimental data is used to determine the distinction between the initiation and propagation phase. Initiation phase is determined at different stress levels. The obtained results demonstrate the effect of stress level on initiation phase and propagation phase.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QoS CLASSES FOR ATM NETWORKS RUNNING DIVERSE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Khan M. A.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the performance of various classes supported by ATM to attain Quality of Service (QoS). We incorporate a large network environment for analyzing the impact of the QoS classes CBR, VBR, ABR & UBR with regards to the FTP, E-mail & Database applications running on an ATM network. These applications are configured to execute in parallel with the Voice application. The simulations have been performed using the OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition v 9.1. Our experimentation results show that for the FTP application, CBR offers the minimum delay and is followed by VBR, UBR and ABR. For the Database application, all the classes of service perform almost similar, whereas for the E-mail application, the CBR service performs better and is followed by ABR, VBR and UBR in order.
ELEMENTAL DEPTH PROFILE IN SEDIMENT CORE OF KORANGI CREEK ALONG KARACHI COAST, PAKISTAN
Authors: Chaudhry M. Z. , Mashiatullah A. , Javed T. , Ahmad N. , Khan M. S. , Ahmad N. , Qureshi R. M.
Published: January 2025

In the present investigation downcore variation of metals such as Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, V and Zn in a sediment core of 42.5 cm length from Korangi Creek, one of the pollution hit sites along Karachi coast, was studied. Proton induced X-rays emission (PIXE) was the principal analytical technique used to detrermine the chemical composition in sediment core. Grain size analysis and sediment composition of cored samples indicated that Korangi Creek sediments is clayey in nature. Correlation matrix revealed strong association of Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn with Fe. To infer anthropogenic input, enrichment factors (EFs) were determined. EFs showed severe enrichment in surface sediments for Ni, Cu, Cr and Zn indicating increased industrial effluents discharge in recent years. If this trend of enrichment is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the local food chain in this area may be adversely affected.
تأثير تمرينات خاصة مع جرعات من أنزيم الأميلاز في تعزيز التحمل العضلي وتطوير بعض المهارات على حصان الحلق للاعبي الجمناستك للناشئين
Authors: كعيد أحمد صكب , حسين عبير علي
Published: January 2025

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة تأثير تمرينات خاصة مدعوم بجرعات مدروسة من إنزيم الأميلاز على تعزيز التحمل العضلي وتطوير المهارات الحركية الأساسية على جهاز حصان الحلق لدى لاعبي الجمناستك للناشئين. تم وضع تمرينات خاصة بناءً على متطلبات الجمناستك وخصائص الأداء الحركي على جهاز حصان الحلق، مع التركيز على تحسين القدرة العضلية الديناميكية والتحكم الحركي.
شملت عينة الدراسة (12) لاعبًا من لاعبي الجمناستك للناشئين، تم تقسيمهم عشوائيًا إلى مجموعتين: تجريبية وضابطة. خضعت المجموعة التجريبية لتمرينات الخاصة مع تناول جرعات محددة من إنزيم الأميلاز وفق جرعات محسوبة ومراقبة، بينما اعتمدت المجموعة الضابطة التمرينات التقليدية دون أي مكملات إضافية.
تم استخدام اختبارات فسيولوجية وحركية مقننة لقياس التحمل العضلي ومستوى الأداء على حصان الحلق قبل وبعد فترة التدخل. أظهرت النتائج تفوق المجموعة التجريبية بشكل ملحوظ مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة في مؤشرات التحمل العضلي ودقة الأداء المهاري، مما يشير إلى فعالية التدخل المزدوج (التمرينات وإنزيم الأميلاز) في تحقيق تحسينات فسيولوجية وحركية واضحة.
يوصي البحث بتبني تمرينات خاصة مشابهة مع استخدام مكملات مدروسة لتحسين الأداء الرياضي لدى لاعبي الجمناستك، مع إجراء المزيد من الدراسات لتحديد الجرعات المثلى والآليات الحيوية المتعلقة بتأثير إنزيم الأميلاز على التحمل العضلي والتكيف الحركي.