bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Device for Pore Solution Extraction from Cement-Based Materials and its Application
Authors: Zhang Jian Liang , Lu An Qun , Li Hua , Wang Rui , Wang Wen Bin , Tian Qian
Published: February 2016

In this paper, a device for pore solution extraction from cement-based materials was presented, The relevant Factors of Efficiency of Pore Solution Extraction and the effects of squeezing pressures on the chemical concentrations of pore solutions were studied. The results shows, the efficiency of pore solution extraction can be effected by pressure values, squeezing duration, pressure maintaining time; A low rate of pressures loading is suitable for early-age cement pastes, and long-term samples can take larger rate; 30 minutes loading time can be adopted for specimens with all the different ages; no significant differences were observed regarding the chemical composition (Na and K) of the pore solution extracted between 300 and 900MPa.
The Study of Trial-Mix Strength Calculation Equation of C60 Concrete under Certain Steam Curing Schedule
Authors: Wang Yang , Jiang Yu Chuan , Zhao Bao Cheng
Published: February 2016

This article selects raw materials from different areas to design C60 concrete, based on JGJ55-2011 Specification for mix proportion design of ordinary concrete. The specimens are cured under standard curing schedule and steam curing schedule, respectively. Compressive strengths of requirement age are tested. The result shows that the compressive strengths under steam curing schedule are lower than that under standard curing schedule, and the difference value is about 8MPa. Knowing the trial-mix strength calculation equation of C60 concrete under standard curing schedule, the relationship between the two kinds of curing schedules is analyzed, and then the trial-mix strength calculation equation of C60 concrete under the steam curing schedule is found.
On the Methods for Measuring High Temperature Resistivity of Glass
Authors: Tian Ying Liang , Zhang Mei , Li Yong Ming , Wang Feng , Yang Jing Ting
Published: February 2016

This paper described three methods for measuring high temperature resistivity of glass including their basic principles, advantages and disadvantages so as to provide a reference for measurement. The effects of electrode and voltage on high temperature resistivity were studied. Accuracy of measurement results of plate electrodes is better than wire electrodes. The resistivity of molten glass decreased with increasing AC voltage. Measurement results are stable when the voltage is less than 10 V, but when the voltage exceeds than 40 V, Joule heating effect will be generated resulting in smaller measurement values. In addition, high alkali aluminosilicate glass as object is used to introduce test procedure of temperature resistivity and explore the relationship between high temperature resistivity and alkali metal. Results show that high alkali aluminosilicate glass resistivity decreases with increasing temperature, and the effect of K2O on high tempearature resistivity is more pronounced.
Hydration Products, Microstructure and Durability of Concrete with Metakaolin Addition
Authors: Li Qiu , Geng Hai Ning , Huang Yun , Shui Zhong He
Published: February 2016

The durability, microstructure and hydration products of concrete containing 0-6wt% metakaolin (MK) were studied by analytical techniques. The hydration products were calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate gels in the control concrete, and additional monocarboaluminate and hemicarboaluminate were identified in concrete containing MK. CH content decreased by 28 days hydration in concrete containing MK, due to the pozzolanic reaction between MK and CH. Chloride diffusion coefficient decreased with the increase of MK content. By addition of 6wt% MK, chloride diffusion coefficient decreased by 60%.
Effect of Fly Ash Composition and Structure on the Formation of Cement Clinker
Authors: Wang Ya Li , Cui Su Ping , Tian Gui Ping , Lan Ming Zhang , Wang Zhi Hong
Published: February 2016

In the view of scarce of natural mineral resources and requirement of energy-saving/emission-reducing for cement industry, the natural silicon-aluminum clay as one cement raw material has been gradually replaced by silica-rich industrial wastes, such as, fly ash, a principal solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, composed mainly of silica- and alumina-rich glass bead-shaped mineral. Using fly ash to produce cement raw materials, the formation and chemical reactions of cement clinker are affected by the chemical and mineral composition as well as the texture of the fly ash and the paper was focused on it. The empirical formula for formation heat of fly ash-doped cement clinker is revised on the basis of chemical thermodynamics. The results show that with the use of fly ash, in contrast with the traditional ingredients, the formation of varieties of clinker minerals as well as the formation sequence and types of intermediates varied little, while the maximum decomposition temperature of carbonate was lowered by 50 °C approximately, so that both the solid phase reaction temperature and liquid phase sintering point were decreased, which is favorable to the reduction of clinker formation heat. The revised formation heat empirical formula of fly ash-doped clinker could facilitate the thermal calculation of furnaces and the evaluation of thermal efficiency.
Simulation and Survey of Stratum Disturbance for Shield Tunneling in Water-Rich Soil Layers
Authors: Zhu Huai Liang , Yu Li Feng , Wei L.C.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, a hybrid approach is presented for modeling the stratum disturbance during the shield construction in water-rich soil. The disturbance mechanism of stratum is analyzed based on the theory of shield excavation. The deformation and settlement of ground surface are simulated by three-dimensional finite element method. Some physical properties and displacements of soil layers are measured by site survey method. The transverse settlement trough of tunnel is a normal distribution curve and the largest displacement to happen on the above of excavation face. There is also an important influence of shield tunneling on the ground settlement in the longitudinal profile, but this effect disappears a certain distance apart. It is shown that the results based on the numerical simulation and the data from site survey in this work are much rational.
Characterization and Vertical Elements Distribution of ZnGeP2 Single Crystals
Authors: Xie Hu , Zhao Bei Jun , Zhu Shi Fu , Chen Bao Jun , He Zhi Yu , Yang Deng Hui , Huang Wei , Liu Wei , Zhao Zhang Rui
Published: February 2016

A large, crack-free ZnGeP2 single crystal with size of Φ26 mm×70 mm was grown in a vertical three-zone tubular furnace by modified vertical Bridgman method, i.e. real-time temperature compensation technique with small temperature gradient in double-wall quartz ampoule. The as-grown single crystal was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that there is a face of (100) and its second-order XRD peaks were observed. The vertical elements distribution of the main part of the grown crystal has a stoichiometric ratio which is close to the ideal stoichiometry of 1:1:2. The IR transmittance of a sample of 2.5 mm thickness is above 58% in the range from 3500 to 800 cm-1. All these results demonstrate that the quality of the ZnGeP2 single crystal grown by the modified method is good, and could be used in the preparation of devices.
Determination of Cl- in Concrete Materials by Ion Chromatography
Authors: Guan Hong Yan , Ding Jian Jun , Guo Zhong Bao , Wang Ming Yu , Mei Yi Fei
Published: February 2016

The determination of chloride ions in concrete materials accurately is far and away crucial, since chloride ions can cause corrosion of steel and concrete cover off. The conventional potential method and silver nitrate titration method usually show features of simple operation and short duration, nevertheless, they are not suitable for accurate analysis for concrete attributing to their low accuracy and detection limit. In this paper, an ion chromatography method was presented to determine chlorine in concrete materials. Concrete samples were pre-processed and then extracted with distilled water. The extraction solutions were purified on a 0.22 μm filter membrane, an On Guard SPE-RP column and a SPE-H column sequentially for eliminating undissolved substance, organisms and metal ions before ion chromatographic analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dionex ICS-1000 Chromatographic using 25.0 mmol/L KOH solutions as mobile phase at 1.0 mL/min. Results show that the detection limit of the method was 0.004 mg/L. The linear relationship of the external Cl- standard solutions was 0.9994, and the sample analytical RSD was 0.44%.
Preparation, Structure and Thermolysis Characteristics of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Ma Jian Li , Cao Hai Yan , Zhang Xiao Xia , Chen Dong
Published: February 2016

Ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) is an excellent source of hydrogen(19.6 wt %) for fuel cell applications. In this paper, pure ammonia borane is successfully prepared by using amino complex for ammonia complex Ag(NH3)2Cl as new ammonia source, and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as boron source. The composition and constitution of the products are measured by XRD and FT-IR. The thermolysis of ammonia borane is significant for its practical application. Boric acid plays a role in improving ammonia borane hydrogen performance. The effects of different mass ratio of boric acid and ammonia borane on dehydrogenation are tested by XRD, TG/DTA and TPD-MS. The results show that boric acid can decrease the first level dehydrogenation temperature of ammonia borane decrease to about 85°C (working temperature of PEMFC). What’s more, the onset temperature of AB’s thermolysis can decrease to about 60°C when the mass ratio of ammonia borane and boric acid is equal to 3:1. This makes ammonia borane be more suitable for the application in on-board hydrogen storage system.
Simulating Discrimination for Quality Evaluation of Rubelite Red
Authors: Shi Shuang , Guo Ying , Yang Yu Ling
Published: February 2016

To evaluate the quality and simulate the discrimination of rubelite red, 310 rubelite red samples are measured by color i5 colorimeter, based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space. Conclusions show that the hue angle of rubelite red can be classified into four series, such as red, pink, purple and violet, and the chroma can be divided into light, medium and intense, vivid with increasing quality, then its lightness can be graded into five levels as dark, slightly dark, medium, slightly bright and bright under standard light source D65. Take the three parameters and the cluster analysis of color coordinates, the rubelite red can be grade into five levels, and it is supposed to predict unknown samples furthermore.
Influence of Density on the Microstructure, Mechanical, Electrical and Thermal Properties of Recrystallized Silicon Carbide
Authors: Lv Hua Nan , Zhang Xiao Liang , Gao Peng Zhao , Li Dong Yun , Xie Wen , Xiao Han Ning
Published: February 2016

In this paper, influence of density on the microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal and electrical properties of recrystallized silicon carbide (RSiC) were investigated via XRD, SEM, mechanical test, thermal conductivity instrument and four-probe method, etc. The results showed that the main phase of the RSiC materials was 6H-SiC; The flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of RSiC materials increased with the increase of densities, and the flexural strength of it measured at 1400 °C increased about 10%-15% compared with that of at room temperature, while the modulus of elasticity at 1400°C were lower than that of at room temperature, resulting from the weakening of binding force between the Si and C atoms at high temperature; With the increase of temperatures, the thermal conductivity of the RSiC materials decreased, while it increased with the increase of RSiC density, when density of RSiC equaled to 2.60 g·cm­3, values of the thermal conductivity were 177.7 W·(m·K)­1 (RT) and 28.1 W·(m·K)­1(1300°C), respectively; The volume resistivity of RSiC materials dropped from 12.74 Ω·cm to 4.51 Ω·cm as the density of RSiC increased, the impurities played an more important role on this variety.
Mechanical Behaviour of Auxetic Microstructures Using Contact Mechanics and Elastoplasticity
Authors: Drosopoulos Georgios A. , Kaminakis Nikolaos , Papadogianni Nikoletta , Stavroulakis Georgios E.
Published: February 2016

The design of novel mechanical microstructures having auxetic behaviour is proposed in this paper using techniques of topology optimization for compliant mechanisms. The resulting microstructure can be modified in order to cover additional needs, not included in the topology optimization formulation. Classical structural optimization, contact mechanics, homogenization and nonlinear finite element analysis are used for this step. Thus, the modified microstructure or composite is studied with numerical homogenization in order to verify that it still has the wished auxetic behaviour. Finally, nonlinear finite element analysis shows how the auxetic behaviour is influenced by unilateral contact between the constituent materials, large displacements and elastoplasticity.
Analysis of Wear Processes for Periodic Loading
Authors: Páczelt István , Mróz Zenon
Published: February 2016

In the paper a class of wear problems is considered, for which the contact zone is fixed on one of contacting bodies and translates on the surface of another body, like in the case of punch in relative translation on a substrate. In the case of constant normal loads interacting with the induced monotonic sliding, the steady state wear process is reached. In the case of fixed normal load and the reciprocal sliding condition the wear process tends to its steady periodic state. Similarly, for periodically varying normal load, a steady periodic state is reached for the case of monotonic sliding. A most general case occurs for in-phase or out-of-phase periodic variation of normal load interacting with the reciprocal sliding. The paper is aimed to provide further study of steady wear states by considering periodically varying normal load combined with monotonic or alternating sliding conditions. The illustrative examples demonstrate the contact pressure and wear distribution in steady states with application to brake wear analysis.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Friction in Lubricated Line Contacts with Different Materials and Textures in Presence of Wear
Authors: Di Puccio Francesca , Ciulli Enrico
Published: February 2016

An experimental investigation on the friction coefficient in line contacts under mixed and boundary lubrication regimes is described. Rectangular contacts between cylindrical specimens and the flat surface of discs of different material and surface roughness combinations were analyzed. Very low Stribeck numbers have been considered, resulting also in low dimensionless film thickness, so that the morphology of the surfaces and the material had a remarking role. In this work, the theoretical procedure for assessing the friction coefficient in the tested cases is described and compared to experimental results. Additionally, wear effects obtained in boundary lubrication conditions are shown. The surface conditions are put in relation with some particular trends of the friction coefficient obtained for certain combinations of materials and roughness.
A Method for Characterizing Running-In of Sliding Contacts
Authors: Ismail R. , Tauviqirrahman M. , Jamari J. , Schipper D.J.
Published: February 2016

Although in terms of conservation wear is undesirable, however, running-in wear is encouraged rather than avoided. Running-in is rather complex and most of the studies related to the change in micro-geometry have been conducted statistically. The purpose of this study was to characterize the running-in of sliding contacts using finite element analysis based on measured micro-geometries. The developed model combines the finite element simulation, Archard’s wear equation and updated geometry to calculate the contact pressure distribution and wear depth. Results show that the proposed model is able to predict the running-in phase of sliding contact system.
Elastic-Plastic Contact between Hard Metal Particles
Authors: Larsson Per Lennart , Olsson Erik
Published: February 2016

In the present study contact between elastic-plastic dissimilar spherical particles are investigated. The investigation is based on analytical and numerical methods and in the latter case in particular the finite element method. The results presented are pertinent to force-displacement relations at contact when elastic and plastic deformations are of equal magnitude. Especially, hard metal particles are considered with a typical application area being analysis of powder compaction.
Structure Analysis of Magnesium Alloy (AZ31) Wires at Different Stages of a Multistage Cold Drawing Process
Authors: Bajor Teresa
Published: February 2016

The formability of magnesium alloys is the subject of efforts undertaken in many research centers due to their outstanding mechanical, plastic, and above all, physical properties. For this reason, magnesium alloys have become an important material which finds broad possibilities for application in many industries: automotive, electronics, aerospace and so on.The paper presents an analysis of changes in structure of AZ31 magnesium alloy wire cold-deformed in the drawing process using interoperate heat treatment. Microstructure observations of the wire by means of optical microscopy were performed in initial state, after each drawing process, and before and after heat treatment. The studies regarding the impact of selected variants of deformation on microstructure were also carried out at the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Computer-Assisted Methods of the Design of New Materials in the Domain of Copper Alloy Manufacturing
Authors: Regulski Krzysztof , Rojek Gabriel , Jaśkowiec Krzysztof , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk Dorota , Kluska-Nawarecka Stanisława
Published: February 2016

The design of a new copper alloy to obtain material characterized by the expected mechanical properties requires experiments, which enable testing the influence of different processing techniques (e.g. heat treatment operations) on the investigated material. This work consumes both time and money, and hence is a real obstacle in situations, when the researcher has limited resources for preparing and testing only a couple of copper alloy samples. The process of design and testing of a new copper alloy can be speeded up by the use of computing methods, which can be helpful especially in the prime choice of material and its processing technique. The, investigated in this work, methodologies have been chosen from the domain of Artificial Intelligence allowing for a specific nature of the experimentally obtained data, which is usually incomplete in respect of the whole knowledge concerning the studied phenomena. Application of data mining techniques (the theory of rough sets and algorithms of rules or decision trees induction) enable constructing a knowledge base as a set of rules expressing the influence of different processing techniques on mechanical properties of the tested material. Case-based reasoning (CBR), as a methodology focused on the solution of problem together with sustained learning, enables us to build an advisory system giving advice on material design and learning on experimentally obtained results. The data mining techniques and CBR methodology complement each other – the data mining techniques allow generalization of knowledge related to the performed experiments, while CBR uses knowledge in the form of individual experimental items (cases).
Selection of Protective Coatings Obtained by Plasma Spraying Method for Foundry Industry
Authors: Richert Maria , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Nejman Ilona , Zawadzka Paulina , Pietrzyk Stanislaw
Published: February 2016

The paper presents the results of studies of protective coatings for graphite moulds, which were used in copper casting process. The following coatings were involved: Mo, NiAl, NiCrAl, Cr3C2-NiCr, WC-CrC-Ni. All tested coatings were applied on the graphite substrate by plasma spraying method. The microstructure was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microhardness of coatings was measured by Vickers method. The wettability of coatings by liquid copper was evaluated. It was found that NiAl and NiCrAl coatings had the highest limiting wetting angle and consequently the lowest wettability among all the examined coatings. It was also found that chemical composition strongly influenced the coating properties.
Experimental Analysis of Residual Stress in Friction Stir Processed Cast AlSi9Mg Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Weglowski Marek S. , Sedek Piotr , Hamilton Carter
Published: February 2016

The relationship between friction stir processing (FSP) parameters and longitudinal residual stress profiles in modified cast aluminium alloy AlSi9Mg is presented. The influence of tool geometry, rotational speed and the number of processing passes were analysed. To experimentally measure residual stress, the trepanation method was adopted. The results indicated that an increase in the rotational speed caused an increase in the residual stress. Also, the Triflute tool promoted a higher level of residual stress than a conventional FSP tool. The region around the FSP bead was characterised by tensile residual stress fields that were balanced by compressive stresses in the parent material. A higher residual stress is observed on the advancing side than on the retreating side. An increase in the number of processing passes increased the level of residual stress in the modified material.
Influence of Continuous Casting Conditions on Segregation of Additions in EN AW 1350 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Kowal Radosław , Knych Tadeusz , Mamala Andrzej , Kwaśniewski Paweł , Ściężor Wojciech , Grzebinoga Justyna
Published: February 2016

Integrated continuous casting processes are an important element of the production process in modern industry. Requirements for quality and exploitation properties of products obtained using continuous casting processes necessitate a revision of the role of impurities distribution in the material. This paper concerns on the influence of the casting process on the distribution of alloy additions. Spectroscopy studies were performed for the most sensitive elements, from the segregation, (i.e. : iron and silicon) point of view. Next obtained research results were correlated with the parameters of chemical composition such as casting speed, the presence of a modifier and the processing of metal crystallization zone. Analysis of the results clearly shows the presence of iron and silicon normal macrosegregation. It was observed that the concentration of these elements is highest in the casting axis and, in the case of iron, is 50% higher in the axis than in the circumference of casts.
Bulk Nanomaterials and Powders Consolidation Produced by Cyclic Extrusion Compression
Authors: Richert Maria , Richert Jan , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Hotloś Agnieszka
Published: February 2016

The Cyclic Extrusion – Compression - reciprocating extrusion process (CEC) is one of severe plastic deformation methods (SPD), which allow to produce bulk nanomaterials without changing the initial shape of deformed samples. The results are presented showing that the average grains size and microbands thickness in aluminium alloys decrease below 100 nm. The investigations revealed that the average grains size is about 250 nm and 200 nm in polycrystalline and monocrystalline copper, respectively.The Cyclic Extrusion Compression method is also used to produce bulk materials by powder consolidation. The subgrains/nanograins inside the silver powder particles after the consolidation processes achieved the mean size of about 100 nm. Moreover, it has been found that inside structure observed by TEM, the consolidated powder granules consisted from nanometric twins of about 10 – 20 nm. This silver based powder consolidated by CEC method were extruded by hydrostatic extrusion method. The final product were the wires with a diameter of 3 mm, which were used to electrical contacts production.
Characteristic Structure of Cu-0.8Cr Alloy Using SPD Deformation by Rolling with Cyclic Movement of Rolls Method
Authors: Urbańczyk-Gucwa Anna , Rodak Kinga , Płachta Adam , Sobota Joanna , Rdzawski Zbigniew
Published: February 2016

The results of the microstructure and hardness investigations of the Cu-0.8Cr alloy after application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) implemented by rolling with the cyclic movement of rolls (RCMR) are presented in this paper. Performed substructure investigations showed that using the RCMR method can refine the microstructure of Cu-0.8Cr alloy to the ultrafine scale. The structure of the Cu-0.8Cr alloy was analyzed using light microscope (LM) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The quantitative studies of the substructure was performed with "MET-ILO" software, on the basis of images acquired on STEM microscope.
Recycling of Nd-Fe-B Magnets from Scrap Hard Disc Drives
Authors: Szymański Mateusz , Michalski Bartosz , Leonowicz Marcin , Miazga Zbigniew
Published: February 2016

A hydrogen-based treatment, including Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) and Hydrogen Disproportionation-Desorption-Recombination (HDDR), was used as part of a recycling procedure for scrap neodymium-iron-boron magnets. Chemical methods of removing nickel coating out of magnets were tested, however ineffectively. Powders were obtained from magnets after the HD and were further processed by the HDDR. Finally, material with maximum energy product (BH)max of 74 kJ/m3 was produced. Chemical composition of magnets (MS, EDS), magnetic properties (VSM) and microstructure observations (SEM) were carried out.
Relationship between Copper Price and Selected Metals Prices
Authors: Iwaszczuk Natalia , Wzorek Agata , Łamasz Bartosz
Published: February 2016

This paper focuses on the factors that influence the changes in copper prices. A brief review of the literature showed several areas of interests of researchers, such as global economic situation and development of Asian countries. This paper draws attention to concurrent price trends, some pairs of raw materials (e.g. copper – aluminum, copper – silver, even copper – palladium). This paper uses multiple regression model containing monthly data spanning from January 2012 to June 2015, which consist of 42 observations for metals: copper, zinc, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum and palladium. And it shows a strong relationship between the prices of copper and other metals.
Influence of Sr Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of HPDC EN AC-Al Si9Cu3(Fe) Alloy
Authors: Poloczek Łukasz , Dybowski Bartłomiej , Kiełbus Andrzej , Łuszczak Michał
Published: February 2016

The following paper presents results of the researches on the influence of Sr addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of EN AC-Al Si9Cu3(Fe) HPDC alloy. Two different elements were high pressure die cast for the research, one with Sr addition, second one without. Investigations involved light and scanning electron microscopy as well as hardness and tensile testing. EN AC-Al Si9Cu3(Fe) HPDC alloy microstructure is characterized by a fine dendrites of α-Al solid solution and AlSi binary eutectic mixture. What is more, many intermetallic phases are observed in the alloy. These are: α-Al15(Fe,Mn,Cr)3Si2, β-A5FeSi, A2Cu, π-A8Mg3FeSi6 and Q-Al5Mg8Cu2Si6. Sr modified alloy is characterized by a significant volume fraction of fine, fibrous AlSi-eutectic. The porosity in the modified alloy slightly decreased. Mechanical properties of the alloy increased after Sr modification.
The Porosity Description in Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys
Authors: Dybowski Bartłomiej , Poloczek Łukasz , Kiełbus Andrzej
Published: February 2016

Al-Si alloys are the most important group among aluminum casting alloys. They are widely used in automotive and aerospace industries. Chemical modification of the Al-Si alloys leads to formation of fine, fibrous Al-Si eutectic mixture ensuring high mechanical properties. The modification is however known to increase the alloy porosity, which may, in turn, result in decrease of its properties. The following paper presents results of the research on quantitative description of the Al-Si cast alloys porosity and influence of Na modification on the porosity of AlSi9Mg alloy. Porosity in the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys occurs in four types: shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, isolated gas pores and gas pores surrounded by shrinkage porosity. Na modification leads to increase of shrinkage pores volume fraction.
Mathematical Theory of Water Waves
Authors: Bona Jerry L. , Groves Mark D. , Haragus Mariana , Wahlén Erik
Published: February 2016

The
water-wave problem
is the study of the two- and three-dimensional flow of a perfect fluid bounded above by a free surface subject to the forces of gravity and surface tension. From a mathematical viewpoint, the water-wave equations pose surprisingly deep and subtle challenges for mathematical analysis. The governing equations are widely accepted and there has been substantial research into their validity and limitations. However, a rigorous theory of their solutions is extremely complex due not only to the fact that the water-wave problem is a classical free-boundary problem (where the problem domain, specifically the water surface, is one of the unknowns), but also because the boundary conditions (and, in some cases, the equations) are strongly nonlinear. In contrast to other meetings on water waves, which usually focus upon modelling and numerical issues, this workshop was devoted to the rigorous mathematical theory for the exact hydrodynamic equations.
Multivariate Splines and Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Schenck Henry K. , Schumaker Larry L. , Sorokina Tatyana
Published: February 2016

Multivariate splines are effective tools in numerical analysis and approximation theory. Despite an extensive literature on the subject, there remain open questions in finding their dimension, constructing local bases, and determining their approximation power. Much of what is currently known was developed by numerical analysts, using classical methods, in particular the so-called Bernstein-B´ezier techniques. Due to their many interesting structural properties, splines have become of keen interest to researchers in commutative and homological algebra and algebraic geometry. Unfortunately, these communities have not collaborated much. The purpose of the half-size workshop is to intensify the interaction between the different groups by bringing them together. This could lead to essential breakthroughs on several of the above problems.
Mirror Symmetry, Hodge Theory and Differential Equations
Authors: Hertling Claus , Sabbah Claude , Sevenheck Christian
Published: February 2016

The following is the report on the Oberwolfach workshop
Mirror Symmetry, Hodge Theory and Differential Equations
(April 2015), which brought together researchers from various areas such as quantum cohomology, complex algebraic geometry, Hodge theory representation theory etc.
Noncommutative Geometry
Authors: Connes Alain , Cuntz Joachim , Vaes Stefaan , Yu Guoliang
Published: February 2016

These reports contain an account of 2015’s meeting on noncommutative geometry. Noncommutative geometry has developed itself over the years to a completely new branch of mathematics shedding light on many other areas as number theory, differential geometry and operator algebras. A connection that was highlighted in particular in this meeting was the connection with the theory of

II_1

-factors and geometric group theory.
High Order Energy-Preserving Method of the “Good” Boussinesq Equation
Authors: Jiang Chaolong , Sun Jianqiang , He Xunfeng , Zhou Lanlan
Published: February 2016

The fourth order average vector field (AVF) method is applied to solve the “Good” Boussinesq equation. The semi-discrete system of the “good” Boussinesq equation obtained by the pseudo-spectral method in spatial variable, which is a classical finite dimensional Hamiltonian system, is discretizated by the fourth order average vector field method. Thus, a new high order energy conservation scheme of the “good” Boussinesq equation is obtained. Numerical experiments confirm that the new high order scheme can preserve the discrete energy of the “good” Boussinesq equation exactly and simulate evolution of different solitary waves well.
Asignación del color en modelos tridimensionales
Authors: Domínguez Vicente , Chacón Ricardo , Adán Antonio
Published: February 2016

Nowadays, current three-dimensional sensors provide geometric information with a high degree of accuracy. The colorimetric information is provided through a color camera which can be inserted or not into the 3D sensor, so that the whole information (points + color) is available for each scan of the scene. However, the integration of color information from different scanner positions is an issue which has not been satisfactorily solved in the current digitalization systems. This work focuses on developing techniques which obtain a complete 3D digitalization (geometry + color) from different scans of the scene, paying particular attention to the texture merging.
Integration of photogrammetric and terrestrial laser scanning techniques for heritage documentation
Authors: Cardenal Escarcena Javier , Mata de Castro Emilio , Pérez García José Luis , Mozas Calvache Antonio , Fernández del Castillo Tomás , Delgado García Jorge , Ureña Cámara Manuel , Castillo Juan Carlos
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the preliminary works of the Integration of Photogrammetric and Terrestrial Laser Scanner Techniques for Heritage Documentation Research Project (IFOTEL TIN2009-09939; Ministry of Science and Innovation, National Programme R+D+I, 2008-2011). The IFOTEL project aims with the improvement and optimization of heritage documentation by means of combination and integration of different methods and techniques, mainly close range photogrammetry (both terrestrial and aerial with light platforms), terrestrial laser scanner and surveying, joining the advantages of the different methods but also minimizing the disadvantages of each single technique.
San Juan Bautista (Burguillos del Cerro, Badajoz), un ejemplo de documentación del Patrimonio con nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Menéndez Menéndez Andrea , Gibello Bravo Víctor M. , Ortiz Coder Pedro
Published: February 2016

The present communication explains the application of the latest techniques in Laser Scanner and photorealistic texture in the Church of San Juan Bautista (Burguillos del Cerro, Badajoz), in a project which objetive is increase the value of a site for peninsular archeology, where joined the lates techniques in cultural heritage documentation and the results of the archaeological dig. We obtain in this practical work a complete documentation of the archaeological site.
Visor de Realidad Aumentada en Museos (RAM) para Exposiciones Situadas en Entornos Cerrados
Authors: Flores Gutiérrez Mariano , Rufete Martínez Tomás , Macanás Vidal José , Martínez García Juan , López Martínez Carlos María , Ramos Martínez Francisco
Published: February 2016

Augmented reality has been increasingly used for the last 10 years. Real and virtual world combination supported by this technology has made augmented reality become an essential element for computer generated data integration in real-world. Museum augmented Reality Viewfinder is an interactive system that allows visitors to overlay computer generate contents onto sites and archaeological exhibitions in real time. As the person move the camera around, the position and orientation of the camera perspective is tracked, allowing the overlaid material to remain tied to the physical world. This paper describes concept, architecture and technology inside the Museum augmented Reality Viewfinder, image processing, rendering and PTZ control techniques are also detailed.
Anastilosis Virtual de Felipéia
Authors: Costa Lima Hélio
Published: February 2016

This text is about a virtual anastylosis of Felipéia, capital of Paraíba, the first city founded in Brazil under the Spanish Crown in 1585, during the Iberic Union. Recently, infographics resources enabled the reconstruction, with great precision, of the old city’s ground plans from Dutch maps from 1634-37, and establish the first hypothesis of a tridimensional configuration of the city. Now, measuring and studies are being done to make possible a piece by piece virtual anastylosis of the buildings and, after that, a tridimensional virtual reconstruction of the historical city, which will enable virtual walkabouts on the streets, squares and buildings.
Pintura y escultura digital 3d con ZBrush aplicada a la Arqueología
Authors: Estalayo Moreno Marta Ángeles
Published: February 2016

The technology 3D is every day developing by leaps and bounds. Programs like 3D Studio Max, Lightwave, Maya, ZBrush … allow to model in 3D with constant innovations in its palettes of tools and its render systems and resolution. Using a technology which generally is applied for computer graphics, games, advertising or films, archaeologists reconstruct the past to do it graphically closer, more understandable to all citizens.
Seasonal variation of tropospheric bromine monoxide over the Rann of Kutch salt marsh seen from space
Authors: Hörmann C. , Sihler H. , Beirle S. , Penning de Vries M. J. M. , Platt U. , Wagner T.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The Rann of Kutch (India/Pakistan) is one of the largest salt deserts in the world. Being a so-called 'seasonal salt marsh', it is regularly flooded during the Indian Summer Monsoon. We present 10 years of bromine monoxide (BrO) satellite observations by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over the Great and Little Rann of Kutch. OMI spectra were analysed using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and revealed recurring high BrO VCDs up to 1.4 × 1014 molec/cm2 during April/May, but no significantly enhanced column densities during the monsoon season (June–September). In the following winter months, the BrO VCDs are again slightly enhanced while the salty surface dries up. We investigate a possible correlation of enhanced reactive bromine concentrations with different meteorological parameters and find a strong relationship between incident UV radiation and the total BrO abundance. In contrast, the second Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument (GOME-2) shows about four times lower BrO VCDs over the Rann of Kutch than found by OMI and no clear seasonal cycle is observed. One reason for this finding might be the earlier local overpass time of GOME-2 compared to OMI (around 9:30 vs. 13:30 LT), as the ambient conditions significantly differ for both satellite instruments at the time of the measurements. Further possible reasons are discussed and mainly attributed to instrumental issues. OMI additionally confirms the presence of enhanced BrO concentrations over the Dead Sea valley (Israel/Jordan), as suggested by former ground-based observations. The measurements indicate that the Rann of Kutch salt marsh is probably one of the strongest natural point sources of reactive bromine compounds outside the polar regions and is therefore supposed to have an significant impact on local and regional ozone chemistry.
A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra
Authors: Spang R. , Hoffmann L. , Höpfner M. , Griessbach S. , Müller R. , Pitts M. C. , Orr A. M. W. , Riese M.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The MIPAS instrument onboard the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements represent a unique dataset of day and night observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) up to both poles. Cloud detection sensitivity is comparable to spaceborne lidars, and it is possible to classify different cloud types from the spectral measurements in different atmospheric windows regions. Here we present a new PSC classification scheme based on the combination of a well-established two-colour ratio method and multiple 2D brightness temperature difference probability density functions. The method is a simple probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem with a strong independence assumption. The method has been tested in conjunction with a database of radiative transfer model calculations of realistic PSC particle size distributions, geometries, and composition. The Bayesian classifier distinguishes between solid particles of ice and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), as well as liquid droplets of super-cooled ternary solution (STS). The classification results are compared to coincident measurements from the space borne lidar CALIOP instrument over the temporal overlap of both satellite missions (June 2006 to March 2012). Both datasets show a good agreement for the specific PSC classes, although the viewing geometries, vertical and horizontal resolution are quite different. Discrepancies are observed for the MIPAS ice class. The Bayesian classifier for MIPAS identifies substantially more ice clouds in the southern hemisphere polar vortex than CALIOP. This disagreement is attributed in parts to the difference in the sensitivity on mixed-type clouds. Ice seems to dominate the spectral behaviour in the limb infrared spectra and may cause an overestimation in ice occurrence compared to the real fraction of ice within the PSC area in the polar vortex. The entire MIPAS measurement period was processed with the new classification approach. Examples like the detection of the Antarctic NAT belt during early winter, and its possible link to mountain wave events over the Antarctic Peninsula, which are observed by the AIRS instrument, are highlighting the importance of a climatology of in total 9 southern and 10 northern hemisphere winters. The new dataset is valuable both for detailed process studies, and for comparisons with and improvements of the PSC parameterisations used in chemistry transport and climate models.
A near-global eddy-resolving OGCM for climate studies
Authors: Zhang X. , Oke P. R. , Feng M. , Chamberlain M. A. , Church J. A. , Monselesan D. , Sun C. , Matear R. J. , Schiller A. , Fiedler R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Eddy-resolving global ocean models are highly desired for spatially-improved climate studies, but this is challenging because they require careful configuration and substantial computational resources. Model drift, partially related to insufficient model spin-up, imperfect model physics or bias in surface forcing, can be problematic, leading to contamination of climate change signals. In this study, we adapt a near-global eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model, originally developed for short-range ocean forecasting, for climate studies. The Ocean Forecasting Australia Model version 3 (OFAM3) is spun up for 20 years, with repeated year 1979 forcing and adaptive relaxation (Newtonian nudging) of temperature and salinity in the deep ocean to an observation-based climatology. In addition, surface heat fluxes from the JRA-55 atmospheric reanalysis are adjusted during the spin-up experiment to minimise excessive net heat uptake in the ocean. In the historical experiment, spanning 1979–2014, a non-adaptive relaxation is applied by repeating the same relaxation rates derived from the last five years of the spin-up experiment, and the surface heat flux adjustment diagnosed during the spinup experiment is also maintained. We demonstrate that the historical experiment driven by the JRA-55 reanalysis does not have significant drifts (e.g., as shown by simulated global ocean heat content), and also provides an eddy-resolving simulation of the global ocean circulation over the period 1979–2014. Decadal changes, such as the strengthening of the subtropical gyre circulation, are also reasonably simulated. A biogeochemical model is coupled with OFAM3 to produce patterns of primary productivity and carbon fluxes that are consistent with observations. Experiences gained from our numerical experiments will be helpful to other modelling groups who are interested in running global eddy-resolving OGCMs for climate studies.
Pacientų griuvimai ligoninėje – nepageidautini, tačiau neišvengiami įvykiai: 15 metų patirties analizė
Authors: Janušonis Vinsas
Published: February 2016

Darbo tikslas: ištirti ilgalaikę pacientų griuvimų daugiaprofilinėje ligoninėje patirtį ir įvertinti griuvimus sąlygojančius veiksnius, jų pasekmes bei išvengimo galimybes. Tyrimas vykdytas 2000 – 2014 metais Klaipėdos universitetinėje ligoninėje (KUL). Tyrimo populiacija - pacientų, patyrusių nepageidautinus įvykius ligoninėje, kontingentas. Tyrimo objektas – pacientų griuvimai. Tyrimui atlikti buvo naudojama KUL nepageidautinų įvykių pranešimų formos. Analizuotos ir lygintos griuvusių pacientų grupės 2000-2004, 2005-2009 ir 2010-2014 metais. Tirti 147 patyrusių griuvimus pacientų duomenys pagal amžių, lytį, gydymosi profilį, griuvusių rizikos veiksnius, jų pasekmes bei išvengiamumo galimybes. Pacientų griuvimų ligoninėje dažnis – 0,01 atvejo vienai lovai per metus, 0,03 atvejo 1000 lovadienių. Daugumos (40,1 proc.) griuvusių pacientų pagrindinė diagnozė – galvos smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimas (insultas ir kitos ligos). 91,9 proc. pacientų griuvimų įvyko klinikinių skyrių teritorijoje. Didesnės dalies (66 proc.) pacientų griuvimo rizikos laipsnis minimalus (be didesnių sužeidimų). 16,3 proc. griuvusių pacientų patyrė kaulų lūžius. Pacientų mirčių dėl griuvimų analizuojamu laikotarpiu nebuvo. Pagrindinės tiesioginės priežastys turėjo sąsajas su liga ir buvo galvos svaigimas bei pusiausvyros sutrikimai (54 proc.). Pagrindinės netiesioginės priežastys – paciento individualios charakteristikos (88,4 proc. medikų vertinimu ir 91,2 proc. ekspertų vertinimu). Daugiau nei pusės pacientų griuvimų (59,2 proc. medikų ir 56,9 proc. ekspertų nuomone) buvo galima išvengti. Tyrimo rezultatai analizuojamais laikotarpiais iš esmės nesiskyrė. Išvados. Pacientų griuvimų skaičius ir jų rizikos laipsnis (pasekmės) analizuojamais laikotarpiais iš esmės nekito dėl visų analizuojamu laikotarpiu taikomų sisteminių griuvimo prevencijos priemonių; beveik pusė visų griuvusių pacientų sirgo galvos smegenų kraujotakos sutrikimais (insultu ir kt.); pagrindinė pacientų griuvimų priežastis yra jų individualios charakteristikos; taikant sistemines pacientų griuvimų ligoninėse prevencijos priemones (programas) pusės griuvimų galima išvengti ir išlaikyti santykinai žemą griuvimų skaičių.
Informacinių technologijų įtaka vakarų Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymui
Authors: Bernotas Valdas , Jurgutis Arnoldas , Razbadauskas Artūras
Published: February 2016

Šiame straipsnyje aptariama informacinių technologijų įtaka sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymui. Atskleidžiama sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymo specifika, analizuojamos e. sveikatos koncepcijos sąsajos su informacinių technologijų diegimu, siūlomas informacinių technologijų įtakos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymui teorinis modelis. Nagrinėjami Lietuvos e. sveikatos politikos ypatumai, analizuojama informacinių technologijų taikymo Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymui situacija, tiriamas ekspertų ir darbuotojų požiūris į informacinių technologijų įtaką Vakarų Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymui. Suformuluojamos išvados ir parengiamas informacinių technologijų taikymo Vakarų Lietuvos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų valdymui gerinimo veiksmų planas.