bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic polarization control by adjustable cross-polarization coupling in time-periodic anisotropic media
Authors: Alavi Moein , Askarpour Amir Nader
Published: November 2023

We study wave propagation in an anisotropic medium whose optic axes vary periodically in time. This variation, in addition to generating frequency products, lifts the degeneracy between the two co-propagation modes, but unlike conventional time-periodic media, preserves the propagating nature of the modes. Coupled mode theory (CMT) relations show that the proposed modulation also equalizes the group velocity of cross-polarized pulses as in an isotropic medium. These properties make this structure appropriate for dynamic manipulation of propagating waves. For small variations in the direction of the optical axis, only the off-diagonal elements of the permittivity tensor are perturbed, which results in the generation of phase-adjustable cross-polarization oscillation (CPO). In addition to the ability to convert cross-polarized states, CPO offers a mechanism for wave retardation that stems from the dynamic phase-tunability of the mode profiles. This mechanism can provide a larger degree of freedom for retardation control. Furthermore, CMT relations near the CPO point of the proposed structure reveal its potential to produce desired mode profiles by dynamic manipulation, which can create a structure with adjustable sensitivity to circular polarization. This enables selective filtering of polarization states and offering a temporal circular dichroism. The analytical results are compared to numerical results from FDTD simulations.
Unique ghost surface phonon polaritons in biaxially hyperbolic materials
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Hao Shao-Peng , Song Hao-Yuan , Peng Hong-Yan , Fu Shu-Fang , Wang Xuan-Zhang
Published: November 2023

We predicted peculiar ghost surface phonon polaritons in biaxially hyperbolic materials, where the two hyperbolic principal axes lie in the plane of propagation. We took the biaxially-hyperbolic α-MoO3 as one example of the materials to numerically simulate the ghost surface phonon polaritons. We found three unique ghost surface polaritons to appear in three enclosed wavenumber-frequency regions, respectively. These ghost surface phonon polaritons have different features from the surface phonon polaritons found previously, i.e., they are some hybrid-polarization surface waves composed of two coherent evanescent branch-waves in the α-MoO3 crystal. The interference of branch-waves leads to that their Poynting vector and electromagnetic fields both exhibit the oscillation-attenuation behavior along the surface normal, or a series of rapidly attenuated fringes. We found that the in-plane hyperbolic anisotropy and low-symmetric geometry of surface are the two necessary conditions for the existence of these ghost surface polaritons.
Investigation and modeling of orientation-determined removal characteristics of KDP crystal in microemulsion abrasive-free jet polishing from nano to macro scale
Authors: Zhang Y. , Fan Q. C. , Jing P. , Gao W. , Sun K. H. , Wang C. , Ji F.
Published: November 2023

Microemulsion abrasive-free jet polishing (MAFJP) technology is a novel non-abrasive removal technique that exhibits unique advantages in polishing nonlinear KDP optical material. During MAFJP, the nanoscale water cores in MAFJP fluid impact and slip on the KDP surface, thus leading to contact with the KDP atoms and achieving defect-free removal of KDP through water dissolution. Dissolution is the inverse process of crystal growth and exhibits significant anisotropy. This work first investigated the orientation-determined KDP dissolution removal characteristics. At first, we gained insights into the impacting process of nanoscale water cores based on molecular dynamics simulation and then established an MAFJP removal function model to describe the removal process for KDP. The model considers the dynamic impacting and slipping dissolutions of (001), (010), (100), (111), I-type, and II-type crystal planes, and the final calculated results match perfectly with actual experimental results. This research elucidates the mechanism of orientation-determined MAFJP on KDP, and will promote the application of MAFJP technology in the polishing of single-crystal anisotropic optical materials.
Nature-inspired solutions for energy sustainability using novel optimization methods
Authors: Almazroi Abdulwahab Ali , Ul Hassan Ch Anwar
Published: November 2023

This research centres on developing a Home Electricity Management (HEM) system, a pivotal component within the modern supply chain for home electrical power. The system optimizes the scheduling of intelligent home gadgets through advanced meta-heuristics, specifically the Social Spider Algorithm (SSA) and Strawberry Algorithm (SWA), to efficiently manage home energy consumption. Within the supply chain context, HEM acts as a crucial link in the distribution and utilization of electricity within households, akin to optimizing resource allocation and demand balancing within a supply chain for efficient operation and cost-effectiveness. Simulations and comparisons demonstrate that SWA excels in cost savings, while SSA is more effective in reducing peak-to-average power ratios. The proposed solution reduces costs for residences by up to 3.5 percent, highlighting the potential for significant cost savings and efficiency improvements within the home electricity supply chain. It also surpasses existing cost and Peak Average (PAR) ratio meta-heuristics, indicating superior performance within the overall energy supply and consumption framework. Moreover, implementing the HEM system contributes to reducing carbon emissions, aligning with sustainability goals in the energy supply chain. It promotes energy efficiency, integrates renewable sources, and facilitates demand response, mirroring the emphasis on sustainability in supply chain practices. Overall, this research offers a practical and sustainable approach to home energy management, bringing substantial cost savings and environmental benefits to the modern supply chain for residential electricity.
Diversity of gut microbiome in Rocky Mountainsnail across its native range
Authors: Chalifour Bridget N. , Elder Leanne E. , Li Jingchun
Published: November 2023

The animal gut microbiome is often a key requirement for host nutrition, digestion, and immunity, and can shift in relation to host geography and environmental factors. However, ecological drivers of microbiome community assembly across large geographic ranges have rarely been examined in invertebrates. Oreohelix strigosa (Rocky Mountainsnail) is a widespread land snail found in heterogeneous environments across the mountainous western United States. It is ideally suited for biogeography studies due to its broad distribution, low migration, and low likelihood of passive transport via other animals. This study aims to uncover large-scale geographic shifts in the composition of O. strigosa gut microbiomes by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on samples from across its native range. Additionally, we elucidate smaller-scale microbiome variation using samples collected only within Colorado. Results show that gut microbiomes vary significantly across broad geographic ranges. Several possible ecological drivers, including soil and vegetation composition, habitat complexity, habitat type, and human impact, collectively explained 27% of the variation across Coloradan O. strigosa gut microbiomes. Snail gut microbiomes show more similarity to vegetation than soil microbiomes. Gut microbial richness was highest in the rocky habitats and increased significantly in the most disturbed habitats (low complexity, high human impact), potentially indicating signs of dysbiosis in the snails’ gut microbiomes. These small-scale environmental factors may be driving changes in O. strigosa gut microbiome composition seen across large-scale geography. This knowledge will also help us better understand how microbial associations influence species survival in diverse environments and aid wildlife conservation efforts.
Return on investments in the Health Extension Program in Ethiopia
Authors: Bowser Diana , Kleinau Eckhard , Berchtold Grace , Kapaon David , Kasa Leulsegged
Published: November 2023

Background

Since 2003, the government of Ethiopia has trained and deployed more than 42,000 Health Extension Workers across the country to provide primary healthcare services. However, no research has assessed the return on investments into human resources for health in this setting. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the return on investment within the context of the Ethiopian Health Extension Program.

Methods

We collected data on associated costs and benefits attributed to the Health Extension Program from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included patient exit interviews, surveys with Health Extension Workers and other health professionals, key informant interviews, and focus groups conducted in the following regions: Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, and the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. Secondary sources consisted of financial and administrative reports gathered from the Ministry of Health and its subsidiaries, as well as data accessed through the Lives Saved Tool. A long-run return on investment analysis was conducted considering program costs (personnel, recurrent, and capital investments) in comparison to benefits gained through improved productivity, equity, empowerment, and employment.

Findings

Between 2008–2017, Health Extension Workers saved 50,700 maternal and child lives. Much of the benefits were accrued by low income, less educated, and rural women who had limited access to services at higher level health centers and hospitals. Regional return ranged from $1.27 to $6.64, with an overall return on investment in the range of $1.59 to $3.71.

Conclusion

While evidence of return on investments are limited, results from the Health Extension Program in Ethiopia show promise for similar large, sustainable system redesigns. However, this evidence needs to be contextualized and adapted in different settings to inform policy and practice. The Ethiopian Health Extension Program can serve as a model for other nations of a large-scale human resources for health program containing strong economic benefits and long-term sustainability through successful government integration.
A qualitative study of healthy eating, physical activity, and mental health among single mothers in Canada
Authors: Pino Gavidia Lisbeth A. , MacDermid Joy C. , Brunton Laura , Doralp Samantha
Published: November 2023

Single motherhood is associated with higher demands in home and family responsibilities that may exist in similar sized households with grandparents. These demands can compete with opportunities and resources for maintenance of healthy behaviours. This may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic since supports outside the home may have been restricted by public health measures. A qualitative narrative study was conducted to explore these issues with 12 single mothers in Canada. Semi-structured interviews provided an in-depth understanding of the challenges and facilitators to maintaining healthy eating habits, physical activity levels, and mental health. Theory-driven content and structural analysis were applied through a descriptive thematic approach. Challenges to maintaining healthy eating behaviours included stay-at-home orders, limited budget, unhealthy food/cravings, and lack of motivation. In contrast, living with grandparents who provide help or having an understanding of healthy food were factors that facilitated engagement in healthy eating. Challenges to maintaining physical activity levels included lack of willpower, lack of time, and low energy. Whereas time on one’s own, weighing scales or outdoor gear, and weather conditions promoted physical activity. Spirituality and gratitude were the main coping mechanisms used to deal with loneliness, unemployment, and depressive symptoms. Further research into the utility of gratitude as a coping mechanism could inform public health interventions that aim to increase levels of well-being among single mothers.
SCREENER: Streamlined collaborative learning of NER and RE model for discovering gene-disease relations
Authors: Park Minjun , Jeong Chan Ung , Baik Young Sang , Lee Dong Geon , Park Jeong U. , Koo Hee Jung , Kim Tae Yong
Published: November 2023

Finding relations between genes and diseases is essential in developing a clinical diagnosis, treatment, and drug design for diseases. One successful approach for mining the literature is the document-based relation extraction method. Despite recent advances in document-level extraction of entity-entity, there remains a difficulty in understanding the relations between distant words in a document. To overcome the above limitations, we propose an AI-based text-mining model that learns the document-level relations between genes and diseases using an attention mechanism. Furthermore, we show that including a direct edge (DE) and indirect edges between genetic targets and diseases when training improves the model’s performance. Such relation edges can be visualized as graphs, enhancing the interpretability of the model. For the performance, we achieved an F1-score of 0.875, outperforming state-of-the-art document-level extraction models. In summary, the SCREENER identifies biological connections between target genes and diseases with superior performance by leveraging direct and indirect target-disease relations. Furthermore, we developed a web service platform named SCREENER (Streamlined CollaboRativE lEarning of NEr and Re), which extracts the gene-disease relations from the biomedical literature in real-time. We believe this interactive platform will be useful for users to uncover unknown gene-disease relations in the world of fast-paced literature publications, with sufficient interpretation supported by graph visualizations. The interactive website is available at: https://ican.standigm.com.
Transhumanismo y modificación genética prenatal: ¿un caso de eugenesia totalitaria?
Authors: Cobo Santiago
Published: November 2023

Nick Bostrom, pionero del transhumanismo como movimiento filosófico, estipula dos supuestos dentro de su proyecto de mejora humana: (1) que es un proyecto de carácter liberal (i.e., que no coacciona seres humanos) y (2) que es un proyecto neutral (i.e., libre de intereses -políticos, económicos e ideológicos-). En este escrito mostraré que (1) y (2) son falsos. En ese sentido, plantearé que el transhumanismo es, en sus ideales, un proyecto de eugenesia o mejoramiento humano “liberal”. Sin embargo, en su realización y en algunos de sus argumentos, se transforma en un proyecto de eugenesia o mejoramiento “totalitario”. Esto es así porque el proyecto transhumanista contiene un elemento de la eugenesia totalitaria: la coacción. Para poner esto en evidencia planteo tres argumentos y expongo un caso de mejoramiento humano que avalan los transhumanistas desde el enfoque de la biología sintética: la modificación genética prenatal. Este caso es importante porque permite mostrar cómo un agente externo toma decisiones (coacciona) sobre otro. Por tal motivo, se propone la creación de un comité bioético que tenga como objetivo principal analizar los argumentos y motivaciones de los padres para modificar a su(s) hijo(s) en etapa embrionaria dando espacio a un ejercicio de democracia deliberativa entre diferentes actores de la sociedad.
Pázmány és a barátság
Authors: Bajáki Rita
Published: November 2023

A dolgozat Pázmány életművében vizsgálja a (fele)barát/barátság szó
jelentésárnyalatait, előfordulásának körülményeit, a fogalom használatát.
Eszerint a felebarát lehet amicus et proximus, illetve proximus nocens,
akikkel szemben a felebaráti szeretet mindannyiunkat kötelez függetlenül a
másik szándékától, tetteitől, mert a felebaráti szeretet mindig az emberre,
és nem annak cselekedeteire irányul. Ugyanakkor létezik a kölcsönösségen
alapuló, jóakaró barátság, amelyben a tetteknek is jelentősége van, amikor
felelősséggel tartoznak a felek egymás iránt. Pázmány ezen jóakaró
barátságról szóló gondolatait gyűjtötte csokorba a dolgozat a Pázmány
műveiben található és a témára vonatkozó szöveghelyek áttekintése alapján,
amelyek elsősorban az áhítati műveiben fordulnak elő, a vitairatokban alig,
és ott is csak véletlenszerűen.
Ainda há esperança? Eficiência do gasto com segurança pública no Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Bonifácio da Silva Pablo Eduardo Nikolais , Scherer Luciano Marcio
Published: November 2023

Introdução/objetivo: este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, mediante análise envoltória de dados (DEA, sigla em inglês), a eficiência do gasto em segurança pública nos estados brasileiros mais o Distrito Federal, de 2017 a 2020, com relação aos índices de criminalidade. Metodologia: o artigo é uma pesquisa descritiva e de natureza quantitativa. A técnica da DEA aplicada foi orientada ao modelo BCC (Banker, Charnes & Cooper, 1984 [retorno variável de escala]), com modelo input (orientado aos insumos). A variável de entrada utilizada foi a despesa com segurança pública, enquanto as variáveis de saída foram latrocínios, homicídios dolosos, roubo e furto de veículos, bem como tráfico de entorpecentes. Na sequência, foi executado o método proposto e foram apresentados os resultados encontrados após a análise do modelo. Resultados: os resultados indicam que, no período analisado, em média, a aplicação dos recursos das unidades federativas (UF) tem apresentado um percentual de 73.33%, mas ainda há muitas UF que apresentam potencial para utilizar de forma mais eficiente, quando os seus recursos são comparados aos demais estados. Ademais, os resultados demonstram que houve apenas três estados com eficiência máxima, em todos os anos, no período analisado. Conclusões: ainda há necessidade de que políticas públicas voltadas para a questão da segurança sejam refinadas para que as UF possam atingir maior eficiência dos dispêndios nessa área, com vistas a reduzir os índices de criminalidade. Por fim, a identificação detalhada das causas da ineficiência do estado de Roraima, Brasil, que apresenta maior gasto em segurança pública e menor eficiência técnica, pode contribuir para o entendimento de políticas públicas no âmbito da segurança.
Umsiedlungen im Rheinischen Braunkohletagebau
Authors: Beckmann Lukas , Helix Heyer Helene
Published: November 2023

Lukas Beckmann und Helene Heyer untersuchen in diesem Beitrag Umweltgerechtigkeitsclaims verschiedener Protestakteure gegen Umsiedlungen im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in den Forschungsstand werden verschiedene Protestakteure in dieser »Energieopferzone« skizziert. Es folgen einige methodologische Bemerkungen, woraufhin die vorgebrachten Claims dann entlang von Verteilungs-, Prozess- und Anerkennungsdimension analysiert werden. Besonders fallen dabei Strategien der Anerkennungssuche sowie des evidencing auf. Der vorliegende Konflikt zeigt damit deutlich, wie die Legitimation derartiger Extraktionsvorhaben, die damit einhergehenden Umsiedlungen und Protestbewegungen auch wesentlich von Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen und Ideen des Allgemeinwohls abhängen.
Ländliche Gentrifizierung und Konflikte um Umweltgerechtigkeit
Authors: Mießner Michael , Naumann Matthias
Published: November 2023

Chalet-Dörfer, die traditionelle Architekturen alpiner Siedlungen adaptieren, sind zu einem weit verbreiteten Phänomen in den alpinen Berggebieten geworden. Diese Chalets richten sich vor allem an Investor*innen, Tourist*innen und die Nutzer*innen von Zweitwohnungen. Konsequenz daraus ist die Versiegelung von Landschaften wie Weideland, Grünflächen und Wäldern. Michael Mießner und Matthias Naumann betrachten diese Transformationen aus der Perspektive von Umweltgerechtigkeit und der Debatte um ländliche Gentrifizierung.
Kriminalisierung kritischer Wissenschaft: Islamophobe Wissensproduktion, Österreichs Nachrichtendienst und die Justiz
Authors: Hafez Farid
Published: November 2023

Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie der »politische Islam« von WissenschaftlerInnen, PolitikerInnen, Regierungsbeamten und Geheimdiensten als Problem dargestellt wurde und wie ÖVP-geführte Regierungen dadurch die Religionsfreiheit von Muslimen einschränken konnten. Der proklamierte Kampf gegen den »politischen Islam« wurde genutzt, um die Einschränkung der Religionsfreiheit zu legitimieren, die muslimische Zivilgesellschaften ins Visier zu nehmen und Kritik an der hier beschriebenen Politik zu kriminalisieren. Der Artikel zeichnet nach, wie der österreichische Nachrichtendienst die Ausweitung der Programme zur Bekämpfung des gewalttätigen Extremismus auf die Bekämpfung von Gedanken ausweitete. Wissenschaft, Sicherheitspolitik und schlussendlich Justiz haben Islamophobieforschung als Terrorismus definiert und damit Meinungsfreiheit und akademische Freiheit eingegrenzt.
Literarische Anthropologie und empfindsame Idyllik
Authors: Knode Felix
Published: November 2023

Als Theoretiker machte sich Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819) einen Namen in der klassischen deutschen Philosophie - eher unbekannt und in der Forschung wenig besprochen sind dagegen seine literarischen Erzählwerke. Felix Knode ändert das und zeigt in einem Vergleich von Früh- und Spätwerk des Autors, wie sich dessen naturphilosophische Standpunkte in seiner Literatur widerspiegeln. Dazu interpretiert er idyllische Momente in Jacobis Texten im Kontext der Empfindsamkeit und macht so den Versuch einer literarischen Anthropologie deutlich - ein Unterfangen, das den Zwiespalt zwischen Leben und Philosophie auflöst und die empfindsamkeitskritische Wende in Jacobis späterem Schaffen klar herausstellt.
Migrationspolitik auf der Flucht
Authors: Blokland Hans
Published: November 2023

Migration und Integration sind untrennbar mit vielen grundlegenden sozialen und politischen Themen verbunden: Identität, Zugehörigkeit, Diskriminierung, Emanzipation, Vielfalt, Zusammenhalt, Solidarität, Verantwortung, soziale Ordnung und Sozialpolitik. Hans Blokland konzentriert sich auf die Wahrnehmungen und Erfahrungen von Flüchtlingen, Fachkräften, Ehrenamtlichen und politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen in einem Landkreis in Brandenburg und leitet daraus allgemeinere Erkenntnisse über Migration, Integration und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen ab. Insgesamt zeichnet er ein eher beunruhigendes Bild, das die Krampfhaftigkeit und Ängstlichkeit der meisten westlichen Nationen im Umgang mit Migration widerspiegelt.
Flexibler Faschismus
Authors: Robnik Drehli
Published: November 2023

Antidemokratische Machtdurchsetzung und Beschwörungen einer »Vollständigkeit« kennzeichnen den Faschismus von seinen historischen Erscheinungsformen bis zu seinen heutigen Ausprägungen. Rechte Mobilisierungen und Regimes dieser Art werden primär als autoritär angesehen. Drehli Robnik schlägt im Gegensatz dazu vor, sie als nihilistische Machtentfesselung in Dauerbewegung zu beschreiben. Diese Kennzeichnung des Faschismus, besonders des Nationalsozialismus, legen Siegfried Kracauers Schriften aus den 1930er und 1940er Jahren nahe. Dessen Analysen einer disruptiven und flexiblen Politik, die nicht zuletzt der Abschaffung von orientierenden Ideen und geteilter Wirklichkeit gilt, geben Aufschluss über die Gegenwart - und zeigen Kracauer im Kontext historischer wie aktueller Begriffsbildung als einen zutiefst politischen Denker.
Análisis de los servicios de apoyo a las familias con enfermedades neurodegenerativas
Authors: Picado-Valverde Eva María , Yurrebaso Macho Amaia , Orgaz Baz Begoña , Álamo Gómez Nuria del , Montes López Estrella
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo es un resultado del proyecto trasfronterizo España-Portugal denominado Neuroqualifam cuyo objetivo general es reforzar la cooperación entre las instituciones responsables de la investigación y atención a las enfermedades neurodegenerativas en Castilla y León y el Norte y Centro de Portugal para mejorar los resultados de calidad de vida familiar y optimizar los recursos de apoyo y de asistencia a las familias cuidadoras de los enfermos. En concreto este estudio pretende facilitar a los profesionales del trabajo social y responsables de los servicios sociales, los conocimientos necesarios para el diseño de programas y recursos que incrementen el bienestar y la calidad de vida familiar de las personas con enfermedad neurodegenerativas. En los diferentes planes de actuación dirigidas a las personas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de incrementar la calidad de vida a los familiares de estos enfermos. Esta investigación analiza si el conjunto de servicios y prestaciones ofertadas en Castilla y León contribuyen a mejorar esa calidad de vida de las familias teniendo en cuenta el Modelo de Calidad de Vida familiar. La escala de Badia et al. (2021) nos permite identificar si las prestaciones y servicios de la Cartera de Servicios Publica cubre los dominios incluidos en la escala de evaluación del Modelo de Calidad de Vida familiar. Tras la selección de las prestaciones dirigidas a personas en situación de Dependencia se elaboró un instrumento ad hoc para evaluar los recursos ofertados según el modelo de calidad de vida familiar. La evaluación fue realizada por una experta académica en el modelo, y una trabajadora social, a su vez responsable en la gestión de los servicios sociales. Se concluye que en el conjunto de prestaciones y servicios ofertados en la cartera de servicios autonómica como son el apoyo a la autonomía familiar, la atención integral familiar, la prevención y el apoyo familiar no cubre todos los dominios incluidos en el MCVF encontrándose la salud familiar de manera principal. En general las prestaciones ofertadas no cubren los dominios necesarios que configuran el Modelo de Calidad de Vida familiar.
Labor Market Dynamics in the Far Eastern Federal District: Q1 2019 – Q2 2023
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Naiden Svetlana , Bravok Polina ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS
Published: November 2023

The article examines trends in the main parameters of the labor market in general and in the context of subject of the Russian Federation within the Far Eastern Federal District. The range of analyzed indicators characterizing the labor market includes the number of labor force aged 15 years and older, the number of employed and the employment rate, the number of unemployed and the unemployment rate. The analysis period is eighteen quarters: starting from Q1 2019 to Q2 2023. Official publications and operational data of Rosstat were used as information sources. The main attention is paid to changes that occurred in key indicators of regional labor markets under the influence of shock situations (COVID-19 pandemic, partial mobilization in the Russian Federation, sanctions). It is shown that, despite their negative impact, as well as the decrease in the labor force, in the Far Eastern regions the employment rate has stabilized, and the unemployment rate continues to decline
Demographic Dynamics in the Far Eastern Subjects of the Russian Federation in 2013–2022
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Gritsko Maria
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the indicators of demographic dynamics of the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 2013–2022. It is shown that, despite the government policy measures taken for the socio-economic development of the Far East, the negative performance of demographic processes remains. Migration remains the main factor in reducing the demographic potential of the macroregion; it accounted for about 93% of the total population decline during the period under study. Only during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic did the scale of losses, due to natural population decline, exceed the balance of migration, but since 2022, migration decline has again taken first place. The negative balance of natural population movement was formed under the influence of the annually declining birth rate, the level of which did not cover the population loss as a result of mortality. Positive trends in reducing population mortality and increasing life expectancy in 2013–2019 were interrupted with the onset of the pandemic. The restoration of pre-pandemic levels of demographic indicators by 2023 has not occurred. It was determined to what extent structural factors influenced the decrease in the total fertility rate. The reduction in the indicator in 2022 relative to 2013 was due to a decrease in the intensity of childbirth and unfavorable changes in the age structure of the female reproductive contingent (reduction in the number of women aged 20–29 years). The structure of causes and age-related characteristics of mortality among the population of the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation was studied. In the macroregion, an increased level of mortality remains as a result of external causes, from respiratory and digestive diseases, as well as tuberculosis. The mortality rates of the working-age population consistently exceed the Russian average, and during the study period the gap between them increased. It has been determined that the decrease in the intensity of migration outflow, and in some years the positive balance of migration in a few regions, is entirely due to the positive performance of migration from the CIS countries while maintaining the negative performance of interregional migration
Metode Pemeliharaan Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) dengan Pemberian Bakteri Nocardiopsis lucentensis
Authors: Sianturi Yenti Agustina , Widyorini Niniek , Ayuningrum Diah
Published: November 2023

Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas pada sektor perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Adanya peningkatan terhadap permintaan pasar pada udang mendorong para pembudidaya untuk meningkatkan hasil budidaya serta penyempurnaan teknik budidaya dengan sistem budidaya tambak intensif. Adanya peningkatan dalam pemanfaatan teknik tersebut turut menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa akumulasi bahan organik sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas air. Upaya perbaikan kualitas air dapat dilakukan dengan mamanfaatkan bakteri bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bakteri Nocardiopsis lucentensis terhadap kualitas air pada budidaya udang vannamei. Penelitian ini bersifat experimental laboratories dengan menggunakan dua perlakuan (tanpa pemberian bakteri dan dengan pemberian bakteri) dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 65 hari dan terdiri atas 4 tahapan, yaitu kultur bakteri, pemeliharaan udang, pemberian bakteri, dan pengukuran kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kisaran kualitas air (suhu,DO dan pH) pada perlakuan dengan penambahan bakteri: suhu 26,2°C-27,5°C; DO 3,2-7,5 mg/l; dan pH 6,54-6,74; sedangkan pada perlakuan tanpa penambahan bakteri adalah suhu 26,1°C-27,4°C; DO 3,4-7,7 mg/l; pH 6,52-6,84. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak adanya perngaruh nyata terhadap kadar suhu, DO dan pH.
Article 29a – Towards a new Strategic Dimension in Supervisory Convergence?
Authors: Skovmand Rasmussen Niels , Dietz Legind Nina
Published: November 2023

409As part of the 2019 reform of the European System of Financial Supervision, the three European Supervisory Authorities were granted a completely new convergence tool in Article 29a to promote a common supervisory culture. This tool allows them to identify up to two Union Strategic Supervisory Priorities that the National Competent Authorities shall take into account when drawing up their work programme. The article provides a doctrinal legal analysis of each procedural step in Article 29a; from information gathering to assessment of national work programmes and follow-up measures. On this basis, it is argued that Article 29a has expanded the scope of the ESAs’ existing toolkit; from the operational to the strategic level. Hereby the USSPs have essentially brought a new strategic orientation to the former level 3 of the Lamfalussy process. However, this institutional development also raises several key challenges related to the ESA/NCA relationship that call for attention in the further development of this convergence tool.410
Transrectal osteopathic manipulation treatment for chronic coccydynia: feasibility, acceptability and patient-oriented outcomes in a quality improvement project
Authors: Nourani Bobby , Norton Derek , Kuchera William , Rabago David
Published: November 2023

Context

Pain of the coccyx, coccydynia, is a common condition with a substantial impact on the quality of life. Although most cases resolve with conservative care, 10 % become chronic and are more debilitating. Treatment for chronic coccydynia is limited; surgery is not definitive. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is the application of manually guided forces to areas of somatic dysfunction to improve physiologic function and support homeostasis including for coccydynia, but its use as a transrectal procedure for coccydynia in a primary care clinic setting is not well documented.

Objectives

We aimed to conduct a quality improvement (QI) study to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical effects of transrectal OMT for chronic coccydynia in a primary care setting.

Methods

This QI project prospectively treated and assessed 16 patients with chronic coccydynia in a primary care outpatient clinic. The intervention was transrectal OMT as typically practiced in our clinic, and included myofascial release and balanced ligamentous tension in combination with active patient movement of the head and neck. The outcome measures included: acceptance, as assessed by the response rate (yes/no) to utilize OMT for coccydynia; acceptability, as assessed by satisfaction with treatment; and coccygeal pain, as assessed by self-report on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) for coccydynia while lying down, seated, standing, and walking.

Results

Sixteen consecutive patients with coccydynia were offered and accepted OMT; six patients also received other procedural care. Ten patients (two males, eight females) received only OMT intervention for their coccydynia and were included in the per-protocol analysis. Posttreatment scores immediately after one procedure (acute model) and in follow-up were significantly improved compared with pretreatment scores. Follow-up pain scores provided by five of the 10 patients demonstrated significant improvement. The study supports transrectal OMT as a feasible and acceptable treatment option for coccydynia. Patients were satisfied with the procedure and reported improvement. There were no side effects or adverse events.

Conclusions

These data suggest that the use of transrectal OMT for chronic coccydynia is feasible and acceptable; self-reported improvement suggests utility in this clinic setting. Further evaluation in controlled studies is warranted.
Praxis, Diagramm, Körper. Die epistemologischen

turns und die Rehabilitation von Kants Euklidizitätsthese
Authors: Beck Martin
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to show how Kant’s concept of mathematical intuition and his thesis of the Euclidicity of space have been rehabilitated by recent interpretations that refer to the concepts of practice, diagrams, and the body. This involves criticising the idea of mathematics as a purely logical and axiomatic science, reading Kant’s theory of geometric intuition as a theory of diagrammatic visualizations, and showing how Kant’s idea of the Euclidicity of space can be justified with reference to embodied experience. These readings contradict the critique of Kant voiced by logicism and logical empiricism. They show that Kant’s notion of non-empirical intuition refers to the embeddedness of human cognition in embodied, media-based practices that function as a third epistemological realm alongside the conceptual and the empirical.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of resistance spot welded dissimilar TWIP1000/TRIP800 joints
Authors: Özen Fatih
Published: November 2023

In this work, resistance spot weldability of dissimilar TWIP1000/TRIP800 joint was investigated in terms of microstructural and mechanical characterization. The maximum tensile-shear load bearing capacity was 16,918 N in 6 kA welding current with 30 cycles of welding duration. Pull-out failure which was dominant and interfacial failure modes were obtained in tensile-shear tests. Although heat affected zone of the TRIP steel was totally transformed into tempered martensite, it showed better separation performance than TWIP steel. Heat affected zone of the TWIP steel was narrow, secondary phase formations and sudden grain coarsening have compromised the weakest point in the resistance spot welded joint.
Effects of compaction pressure on microstructure, mechanical properties, and machining characteristics of sintered AISI 316L steel
Authors: Erden Mehmet Akif , Köklü Uğur , Güldibi Ahmet Serdar , Elitaş Muhammed
Published: November 2023

In this study, the effect of compaction pressure on the properties of AISI 316L and its machining performance was evaluated. AISI 316L powders were subjected to three different compaction pressures (550, 650, and 750 MPa). Subsequently, the samples were sintered in an argon atmosphere at a constant temperature of 1523.15 K. The microstructure, hardness, and mechanical properties of the materials were investigated. To examine the effect of compaction pressure on drilling characteristics (thrust force, torque, surface roughness, chip formation, and burr formation), the samples were subjected to dry drilling at different feed rates and cutting speeds. It was observed that increasing the compaction pressure resulted in smaller grain sizes in the microstructure, increased hardness, and higher tensile strength. Higher compaction pressure led to higher thrust force and torque, whereas lower compaction pressure resulted in improved hole surface quality and shorter chips. Additionally, at higher cutting speeds, the color of the chips changed due to the elevated temperatures associated with increased cutting speeds.
Dry sliding wear behavior of AA7075 alloy produced by thixocasting
Authors: Bilgen Hudaverdi , Sahin Omer , Akar Neset , Kilicli Volkan
Published: November 2023

In this study, the wear behavior of AA7075 alloy produced by thixocasting was investigated. The wear behavior of the AA7075 alloy is examined for three cases: extruded with T6 heat treatment, as-thixocast, and thixocast with T6 conditions. The dry sliding wear test was conducted with a tribometer according to ASTM G-99 standard. The microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The tensile and hardness tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The AA7075 alloy was successfully shaped by thixocasting. The as-thixocast sample exhibited typical globular structures with multinary eutectic structures along the grain boundaries. The globular grains transform into a polygonal structure, and the grain size increases from 50 μm to 60 μm in the thixocast + T6 sample. This microstructure exhibited excellent wear resistance under dry sliding conditions in the thixocast + T6 sample. The aging treatment with prolonged solution process improved the mechanical properties two times and the wear rate three times for the thixocast AA7075 alloy. Furthermore, the thixocast + T6 sample exhibited a significant decrease in the coefficient of friction with the lowest wear rate compared to the as-thixocast sample. The dominant wear mechanisms are microdelamination, adhesion, and oxidation in all samples.
Developmental outcomes with perinatal exposure (DOPE) to prescription opioids
Authors: Flores Adrian , Nguyen Nghi M. , Pendyala Gurudutt
Published: November 2023

Researchers have found considerable evidence in the past 20 years that perinatal opioid exposure leads to an increased risk of developmental disorders in offspring that persist into adulthood. The use of opioids to treat pain concerning pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum complications has been rising. As a result, communities have reported a 300–400 % increase in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS). NOWS represents the initial stage of several behavioral, phenotypic, and synaptic deficits. This review article summarizes the Developmental Outcomes of Perinatal Exposure (DOPE) to prescription opioids. Moreover, we also seek to connect these findings to clinical research that describes DOPE at multiple stages of life. Since specific mechanisms that underlie DOPE remain unclear, this article aims to provide a framework for conceptualizing across all ages and highlight the implications they may have for longevity.
Insights into the thermal characteristics and dynamics of stagnant blood conveying titanium oxide, alumina, and silver nanoparticles subject to Lorentz force and internal heating over a curved surface
Authors: Li Shuguang , Li Yijie , Al Mesfer Mohammed K. , Ali Kashif , Jamshed Wasim , Danish Mohd , Irshad Kashif , Ahmad Sohail , Hassan Ahmed M.
Published: November 2023

It is very significant and practical to explore a triple hybrid nanofluid flow across the stuck zone of a stretching/shrinking curved surface with impacts from stuck and Lorentz force factors. The combination (Ag–TiO2–Al2O3/blood) hybrid nanofluid is studied herein as it moves across a stagnation zone of a stretching/shrinking surface that curves under the impact of pressure and Lorentz force. Exact unsolvable nonlinear partial differential equations can be transformed into ordinary differential equations that can be solved numerically by similarity transformation. It was discovered that predominant heat transfers and movement characteristics of quaternary hybrid nanofluids are dramatically affected. Numerous data were collected from this study to illustrate how parameters of flow affect the temperature, velocity, heat transmission, and skin friction characteristics. The axial and radial velocities for both fluids (Newtonian and ternary hybrid nanofluid) are increased due to the increasing function of the curvature parameter, magnetic field, and suction parameter. Additionally, the direct relationship between the temperature and heat transfer decreases the heat transfer rate by the curvature parameter, magnetic field, suction parameter, Prandtl number, and heat source/sink. The higher the values of the curvature parameter, the higher the shear stress and velocity.
Framing the Market: The Unexpected Commonalities between Karl Polanyi and the Ordoliberals
Authors: Dekker Erwin
Published: November 2023

There has been a resurgence in scholarship on Karl Polanyi in recent years, against the backdrop of rising populism and critiques of globalization and financialization. In these works, Polanyi is typically portrayed as critic of the contested notion of ‘neoliberalism’. In this paper I demonstrate that, to the contrary, Polanyi’s Great Transformation (1944) shares many of the themes central to the contributions of the early neoliberals, specifically the ordoliberal thinkers. Polanyi and the ordoliberals did not only seek to analyze the origins of the same social crisis of the 1930 s and 40 s, but their analysis of the deficiencies of nineteenth-century liberalism as well as the subsequent disintegration through rapidly growing interventions in favor of powerful groups in society has much in common. This paper explores these similarities and demonstrates that they also extended to the way they perceived the responsibility of scientists as well as the interdependence of the various orders in society. It is argued that the ordoliberals, their fellow-traveler F. A. Hayek and Karl Polanyi all perceived the interdependence between the state, civil society and the market somewhat differently, but agreed on the need to conceptualize the relationship between the three. Finally, it is suggested that even the normative ideal of Karl Polanyi, the realization of ‘freedom in a complex society’, has important commonalities with the ordoliberal program: the protection of individual freedom from concentrated forms of power in society.
Ordnungspolitische Handlungsspielräume des Anwohnerparkens in deutschen Städten – ökonomische und kalkulatorische Grundlagen zur kostenwahren Bepreisung
Authors: Erić Maike
Published: November 2023

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird erörtert, weshalb die kostenfreie Vergabe von Anwohnerparkausweisen in Städten zu einer Verzerrung der ökonomischen Verhaltensweisen führt. Die Änderung des Straßenverkehrsgesetzes im Jahr 2020 ermöglicht eine Bepreisung der Anwohnerparkausweise und somit die Internalisierung der externen Effekte, die das Parken verursacht. Die Autorin kalkuliert auf Basis verschiedener Ansätze ökonomisch begründete Preise des Anwohnerparkens und stellt diese den tatsächlich eingeführten Preisen kritisch gegenüber. Der Fokus des Papiers liegt auf der Notwendigkeit ordnungspolitischer Maßnahmen zur Minderung des Platzmangels in deutschen Städten, der durch die steigende Anzahl parkender Pkw verstärkt wird.
Private Militärunternehmer aus institutionenökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Daumann Frank
Published: November 2023

Private Militärdienstleister haben seit Ende des Kalten Krieges eine Renaissance erlebt. Von ihrem Einsatz versprechen sich die Auftraggeber bestimmte Vorteile wie etwa vermeintlich günstigere Kosten, eine schnellere Einsatzbereitschaft und die Möglichkeit, verdeckte Operationen durchzuführen. Diesen Vorteilen stehen jedoch auch erhebliche Nachteile gegenüber. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die entsprechenden Problemfelder, die durch den Einsatz privater Militärdienstleister verursacht werden, mit Hilfe der Neuen Institutionenökonomie und diskutiert Lösungsansätze. Dabei erweist es sich als unglücklich, daß derartige Auftraggeber, die nicht das Potential haben, diese Lösungsansätze effektiv zu nutzen, am stärksten vom Einsatz privater Militärdienstleister profitieren.
Umsetzung der Schuldenbremse in Eigenverantwortung der Länder
Authors: Fischer Julia , Markwardt Gunther
Published: November 2023

Seit 2020 unterliegen die deutschen Bundesländer gemäß Artikel 109 Grundgesetz den Regeln der Schuldenbremse, d. h. dass die Länderhaushalte grundsätzlich ohne Einnahmen aus Krediten auszugleichen sind. Dem deutschen Föderalismus Rechnung tragend, wurde die exakte Ausgestaltung den Ländern zugestanden. Dieser Beitrag vergleicht die verfassungsrechtlichen Ländervorschriften der Schuldenbremse auf ihre inhaltliche Ausgestaltung mittels eines Analytical-Hierarchy-Processing-Ansatzes. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass innerhalb der verfassungsrechtlichen Verankerungen zur Schuldenbremse nur wenige Bundesländer als restriktiv zu beschreibende Vorgaben formulieren, der rechtliche Gestaltungsspielraum wurde weit genutzt. Große Unterschiede finden sich z. B. in den verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben hinsichtlich der Tilgungsvorschriften, der Definition und der Feststellung der Ausnahmetatbestände oder auch im haushaltsrechtlichen Geltungsbereich der Schuldenbremse. In vielen Bundesländern ist die in den Landesverfassungen verankerte Schuldenbremse kein scharfes Schwert, auch eine intertemporale „schwarze Null“ scheint, nicht nur aufgrund der aktuellen Lage, in weiter Ferne.
Educators’ uptake of Kress’s ideas on meaning-making and literacy: a case study from South Africa
Authors: Newfield Denise
Published: November 2023

This article is a practitioner-based account of the uptake of Kress’s ideas on literacy, literature and meaning-making in South African educational contexts, in particular, his integration of politics, semiosis and literacy. It examines the affective force of these ideas in South African classrooms in certain institutions during the immediate post-apartheid period from 1994 onwards, showing how Kress’s key concepts and principles provided a transformative theoretical framework for the work of progressive educators. A Kress-inspired framework propelled new conceptualisations of literacy and meaning-making in these classrooms and beyond – at all levels, from primary through to tertiary – and fuelled research from 1994 into the first decade of the new millennium. Given Kress’s insistence on the social, as in social semiotics, and his stress on the integration of representation, communication and situatedness, this article focuses on his ideas in context, how and why they were put to work and what their outcomes were. It is proposed that the South African case – although unique in many ways – may be relevant to postcolonial and decolonising educational contexts in the South more generally.