bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE ION UO22+ COORDINATED IN THE URANYL ACETATE UO2(H3CCOO)2.2H2O
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , COSTA Luiz Henrique Medeiros da , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da
Published: September 2021

The cation complex uranyl UO22+, is an molecular ion very stable. It possesses a linear geometry O=U=O, with connections U-O short of the order of 1,75 Å. Studies returned for to the fictionalization of this ion, for the insert of appropriate ligands it has been enough discussed in the literature. In this work we studied the transitions in the area of the uv-visible of the ion uranyl coordinated to the against-cation acetate, derived chemist of the acetic acid, in the compound UO2(H3CCOO)2.2H2O, known as uranyl acetate. For that your transitions were observed, calculated and compared by force of the oscillator by the Gaussian and Simpson methods. Optical parameters of connection such an as effect nephelauxetic (1 - ), covalence factor b1/2, and Sinha parameter, they were also appraised. Our purpose is allow information of this chemical system, for subsequent researches involving this ion in complex systems obtained in general by our group and groups of researches.
ESTUDIO CUALITATIVO DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES ESPAÑOLES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA SOBRE POLÍMEROS
Authors: SERRANO-AROCA Ángel , SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS Joan Josep
Published: September 2021

Polymeric materials are important at present and there are few studies of High School students' ideas about them. Therefore, we carried out a study that aims to approach High School Spanish students' knowledge about these materials. A qualitative methodology, based on semi-structured interviews, has been used. Twelve High School students (eight of 10th grade and four of 12th grade) have participated in this research. Results indicate that: a) Tenth grade students' knowledge level about polymers is low, i.e. this level is inadequate for a scientifically literate citizen; and b) This knowledge level does not significantly improve after finishing 12th grade.
REMOVAL OF COLOR FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS BY ADSORPTION USING UNMODIFIED AND SURFACTANT-MODIFIED ZEOLITE FROM CYCLONE ASH
Authors: FUNGARO Denise Alves , BORRELY Sueli Ivone , HIGA Marcela
Published: September 2021

Treatment of wastewater is one of the biggest problems faced by textile and dyestuff manufacturers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the suitability of using zeolitic materials as low cost media for removal of color from dye effluents. Zeolite synthesized from cyclone ash (ZCA) was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and the adsorption efficiencies for unmodified and surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZCA) were studied using a batch equilibration method. SMZCA presented higher color removal efficiency than ZCA, removing 60-100% of color for textile efﬂuents and around 39% for effluent of dyestuff manufacturing industry. The effects of dilution on color removal were evaluated. The pH values of the treated effluent were according to the Brazilian legislation. It can be concluded that surfactant modified-zeolite from cyclone ash is a promising low-cost adsorbent for color removal from textile wastewater.
"LAVA-LUZ" LUMINAIRE: A PEDAGOGICAL PROPOSAL FOR SCIENCE TEACHING
Authors: SILVA Cleydivan Cunha , DA SILVA José Ailton Costa , COSTA Maurício Bezerra , DE CARVALHO Rusbene Bruno Fonseca
Published: September 2021

Teaching and learning of sciences are huge challenges that require means such as didactic resources, audiovisual, expositive classes, field classes and so forth. To improve science classes in elementary school, it is necessary that teachers receive better working conditions and so can engage in dynamic classes that provide facilitate student understanding, leading him to interact as a means. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate and observe participation, stimulus and acquired knowledge by students through a new pedagogical proposal, enabling the discussion of how the teaching of sciences is being developed in a public municipal school from Coelho Neto, Maranhão, as well as characterize the teacher and the class where the study was conducted. Our study was divided in three steps: study of data regarding characteristics of the school, profile of students and teachers, then theoretical exposition and dialogue lectures, and finally the experimental activity. The results show that the experimental activity stimulated the understanding of content, creativity, participation, improving the capacity of observation and register of information, leading them to propose hypothesis and questions about the phenomena involved in the experiment.
CHARPY IMPACT TESTING ACCREDITATION: LAMEF CASE STUDY
Authors: FABRICIO Daniel Antonio Kapper , COSTA Vagner Machado , MENDES Etiene Benini , REGULY Afonso , STROHAECKER Telmo Roberto
Published: September 2021

The impact test evaluates the energy absorbed by a standardized test specimen in accordance with ASTM E2298 and ASTM E23 standards. This study aims to report the adequacy of the Quality Management System of Physical Metallurgy Laboratory (LAMEF) of UFRGS for the accreditation of the test impact on the Charpy type specimens. An analysis of ISO/IEC 17025 managerial and technical requirements has been performed to identify which points required adjustment. In addition, an external audit was executed, pointing some nonconformities. After performing the necessary actions, the impact test has been successfully accredited, being included in the LAMEF scope.
ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT LEAF EXTRACTS OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS
Authors: SANTOS Vanessa Freitas , ALVES Blyeny Hatalita Pereira
Published: September 2021

The interest in the study of natural products has grown steadily worldwide. In Brazil, it has occurred due to the large number of species of flora which are popularly used in alternative medicine cuisine, and even as cosmetics. However, due to big diversity, there are few that have been targets of more systematic studies by the scientific communities. The Ruta Graveolens (rue) is known in various regions of the country by presenting analgesic,antihemorrhagic and soothing activity when ingested tea leaves and abortive when the juice of the leaves is mixed with garlic and cumin plant. The infusion of the leaves is used against menstrual cramps, diarrhea, fever, and syrup from the leaves used against severe coughs. However, few researches have been conducted with a view to analyzing their chemical composition and their antioxidant activity. In this sense, this research was to examine the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Ruta Graveolens. The extractions were performed by the methods of infusion of dried leaves and through the extractor lipids with fresh and dried leaves with hexane solvents, alcohol and water. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl stable free radical (DPPH*) following the method described by Lima (2008). The aqueous extracts achieved better performance compared to extraction with hexane solvents and alcohol and fresh leaves have presented a lower yield than dried leaves. The specie has presented antioxidant activities confirmed through calculations of EC50, the aqueous extract of dried leaf has showed the highest antioxidant activity, inhibiting 78.98% of DPPH* radicals.
STUDY OF THE PHOTOPHYSICAL BEHAVIOR AND THE PHOTOSTABILITY OF AN AZLACTONE DERIVATIVE ENCAPSULATED IN CYCLODEXTRIN
Authors: KRAUSER Maike de Oliveira , LAHOUD Marcelo Galindo , ROSA Mauricio Ferreira
Published: September 2021

The azlactones are well known compounds and are important intermediates in the synthesis of chiral heterocyclic amino acids. Even with high intensities of fluorescence emission, very few studies were found in literature about their photophysical and photochemical properties. Due to the low solubility in aqueous solution, we carried out the photochemical and photophysical study of these compounds in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solution in the presence of cyclodextrins since, according to literature data, the encapsulation can enhance the stability of the encapsulated molecule as well as modify its photophysical properties. The results showed increase of absorption intensity of azlactone after encapsulation in the β-cyclodextrin (b-CD) cavity in aqueous-alcoholic medium, however it is observed the decrease in the photostability azlactone derivative in aqueous-alcoholic medium.
TRANSFORMING THE MULTIPLICITY OF QUALITY SYSTEMS INTO ONE: THE INT EFFORT
Authors: SIMÕES Maria Gabriela Pinto de Almeida , CLARIM Haroldo de Jesus , GAIO Arnaldo Pinheiro Costa
Published: September 2021

In November 2006, the INT received an informative document from the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology – the Brazilian accreditation body – which recommended that institutions with more than one accredited quality management system for laboratory tests should promote its unification. This paper presents the INT effort, through actions and strategies, started in 2008 toward the unified implementation of the Quality Management System due to the ISO/IEC17025 criteria. INT's accreditation (CRL006) was achieved in 2012, after the reassessment of all the laboratories accredited. The INT has transformed six accredited laboratories into just one acredited institution under the number CRL006. This was the first number achieved by an INT’S lab in 1984. This change has brought one particular output such as higher knowledge of the quality management system which makes INT as institution more capable to ensure the quality of all acredited tests.
USE OF BEEF TALLOW AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR CONSOLIDATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN BRAZILIAN STATE OF TOCANTINS: A STUDY OF OXIDATIVE STABILITY VIA SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS IN THE UV-VIS
Authors: PRADO Carolina Porto , DE FIGUEREDO Kytéria Sabina Lopes , RIBEIRO Igor Hernandes Santos
Published: September 2021

Brazil has emerged as producer of alternative fuels derived from biomass, such as biodiesel, which can replace fossil diesel and is less polluting. However, there is a concentration of income in the production chain, since most of the biodiesel produced in the world is derived from soy oil from major producers. This scenario also corresponds to Brazil, and Tocantins state could not frame in the National Program for Biodiesel Production. In this study, the biodiesel was produced from beef tallow obtained from slaughterhouses in the city of Gurupi-TO. The beef tallow was characterized in its raw state, processed and then the biodiesel was synthesized. We studied the oxidation stability through spectroscopic analysis in the UV-vis, and we observed their stability to oxidation via spectroscopic analysis in the UV-vis, and observed that the beef tallow biodiesel showed increased absorption in 234 nm and 268 nm after reduction in oxidative stress. We checked an early stage of oxidation after the seventh day with the maximum concentration of primary oxidation compounds. We obtained a satisfactory biodiesel within some of the parameters of the National Agency of Petroleum, Gas Naturale Biofuels (ANP).
ASCORBIC ACID AND THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT IN SWISS MICE TREATED WITH GREEN TEA INFUSIONS
Authors: BACKES Luana Taís Hartmann , BERTOLIN Telma Elita , ROMAN Silvana Souza , PAIVA Janaine de Oliveira , MANFREDINI Vanusa , CALIL Luciane Noal , FATURI Daliane Paula , MEZZARI Adelina
Published: September 2021

The use of medicinal plants is expressive because it’s beneficial effects, however the dosages some times are not adjusted. The study had for objective to investigate the toxicity of the green tea and the protective effect of vitamin C. Had been used 36 mice swiss, distributed in 6 groups (n=6): Control group with 1 ml/kg of saline solution 0.9%; Experimental group 1 with extract of Camellia sinensis in 0,5% concentration; Experimental group 2 with extract of Camellia sinensis in 10% concentration; Experimental group 3 with extract of Camellia sinensis in 0,5% concentration associate with vitamin C in 40mg/mL concentration; Experimental group 4 with extract of Camellia sinensis in 10% concentration associate with vitamin C in 40mg/mL concentration and Experimental group 5 with vitamin C solution in 40mg/mL concentration. The results had been significant for corporal weight and agencies (liver, kidneys, dull and brain) in the group of bigger concentration of green tea and in the groups where vitamin C was associated, allowing itself to suggest a light toxicity in the groups that had received these treatments.
1,3,5-TRIARYL 2-PYRAZOLINES WITH 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINIC SUBSTITUENT: SYNTHESES, PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: MARRUGO-GONZALEZ Alonso Jose , ORLOV Valery D. , FERNANDEZ-MAESTRE Roberto
Published: September 2021

1,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazolines are organic luminophores with arylic radicals that show a wide biological activity and are used as liquid scintillators and electro-optic materials. Experimental. Eleven 2-pyrazolines were synthesized from phenylhidrazine and chalcones of the 8-hydroxyquinoline series: 3-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)-1-(3-R)-phenylprop-2-enone and 1-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)-3--(3-R)-phenylprop-2-enone, where R = H, CH3, OCH3, N(CH3)2, Cl, Br, and NO2. The structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, and electronic spectroscopy. Results and discussion. The 1- and 3-aryl substituents of the pyrazoline ring produced shifts to shorter or longer wavelengths, in absorbance and fluorescence. The electron acceptor hydroxyquinolinic fragment influenced the absorption and luminescence spectra; the possible cause of low quantum yields in pyrazolines (1-phenyl-3-(4-R phenyl)-5-(8-hydroxyquinolinil-5)-2-pyrazoline) may be the specific intramolecular fluorescence quenching in bicromophores, characteristic of 5-acceptor substituted pyrazolines, and, in series (1-phenyl-5-(4-R phenyl)-3-(8-hydroxyquinolinil-5)-2-pyrazoline) of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reactions, and the increasing donor-acceptor intramolecular interaction of their excited molecules; Density functional calculations (method PM6) were used to probe the electronic structure and energy ordering of the emissive and the electron-transfer states; PM6 results agreed with the experimental data. 1-phenyl-3-(4-R phenyl)-5-(8-hydroxyquinolinil-5)-2-pyrazoline showed fungistatic and fungicide activities. Additionally, all our pyrazolines showed wide theoretical biological activities.
TRIAL AS A STRATEGY FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY IN PERSPECTIVE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: MACHADO Gabriella Eldereti
Published: September 2021

The aim is to present the relations between the teachings of Paulo Freire on the dialogical education and concerns with the teaching of chemistry, which is present in many natural events and transformations of matter in our daily lives, but witnessed an erosion of the teaching of it. We seek improvements in education, and why not go back to what Freire taught us? An education for dialogue, where the student becomes part of the school context. The dialogic be brings with it the commitment by the transformations of reality (FREIRE, 1983), and the dialogue, according to Freire Ibid p. 28, "the rendezvous of men, mediated by the world," pronounced ", I call it, transform it, and turning it, the humanize for the humanization of all", inspired and motivated a different education that We, in which changes are valuable and necessary. Using the trial as a facilitator of chemistry teaching, it takes an inductive space in student learning, being a kind of the same features that can control variables and discover or rediscover evidence and checks on the theories studying, taking this case a deductive character to test what is described theoretically.
POLYMERS IN COMPULSORY SECONDARY EDUCATION AND HIGH SCHOOL IN SPAIN: ANALYSIS OF TEXTBOOKS AND TEACHER'S OPINION
Authors: SERRANO-AROCA Ángel , SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS Joan Josep
Published: September 2021

Even though the study of polymers is included in the school secondary curriculum in Spain, all the signs are that this topic is not being adequately addressed in the classroom. For this reason, this paper focuses on two key factors for polymers teaching and learning at secondary level: teachers and textbooks. A qualitative methodology, based on semi-structured interviews and a content analysis of textbooks, has been used. Six High School teachers have participated in this research. Attempts have been made to find out teachers' opinion about introducing contents of polymers in the classroom by means of semi-structured interviews. The content analysis of textbooks used in many schools of Spain has been carried out through the application of a assessment questionnaire. The results obtained as regards the polymers suggest that: a) Teachers provide only a limited amount of time for this topic in the curriculum; b) Textbooks do not include a large part of basic contents; and c) The low level of knowledge of students is justified by a) and b).
TREATMENT OF RESIDUE FROM THE MOHR METHOD WITH IMMOBILIZATION IN PVC CAPSULE/ BODY-OF-PROOF
Authors: SILVA Juliana Monteiro , THEOPHILO Paulo Henrique Medeiros , BORGES Simone da Silveira Sá
Published: September 2021

The actual economic development leads to a big waste production, and these are inserted into the daily activities of the University. The correct management of these wastes is essential to minimize the risks to the environment, as well as the academic community. Currently the greatest challenge is with the laboratory waste, because they are of enormous complexity and diversity. Thus, this work proposes environmentally appropriate management of the waste comes from the Mohr Method generated in the Teaching Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, which contains hexavalent chromium, a heavy metal highly toxic and nocuous to the environment. In the study was used two reducing agents of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent chromium, sodium bisulfite and sodium thiosulfate, allowing, after treatment, discard the supernatant in both cases, since the total concentrations of chromium were reduced by 99.67% (average), next to those laid down by the law. The final disposition of the solid coming from the treatments was made by immobilization in capsules of polyvinyl chloride/Body-of-proof, which proved to be a clean, fast and simple solution that can be applied to many other solid wastes which contains heavy metal.
INDICATOR OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY IN WATERS OF PARAÍBA DO SUL RIVER. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY
Authors: OTOMO Juliana Ikebe , MARTINS Elâine Arantes Jardim , SOUZA Renata Rodrigues , FURUSAWA Hélio Akira , PIRES Maria Aparecida Faustino
Published: September 2021

The fast increasing concern about the quality and composition of water has also led to an increasing number of studies on natural waters monitoring. Caffeine has been used as suitable chemical marker because its source is exclusively anthropogenic. It is present in drugs, foods and beverages all of them highly consumed by population. The area chosen for this study was the basin of the Paraíba do Sul River. This is a heavily urbanized and industrialized area. To guarantee reliable results, it is necessary that the analysis methods are validated for this purpose. In this paper, we present the method developed and validated for analysis of caffeine in surface waters of the Paraíba do Sul River, concerning the parameters suggested by INMETRO to validate chemical analysis. The method have shown satisfactory results for validation including: adequate linearity with r2 of 0.99, good selectivity and specificity, accuracy and precision with z (Score) 2 and repeatability limit indicating low data dispersion. The method was considered to be robust after small variations and was used to quantify caffeine. Concentrations in the range between 0.080 µg L-1 (LOQ) and 0.106 µg L-1 were found in Pindamonhangaba River.
COAL ACTIVE BABASSU ADSORPTION IN COLOUR FOR THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors: CRUZ Emison Tarcisio Luz , DA SILVA Gubbio Matos , FREITAS Rivelilson Mendes , FILHO Edson Cavalcanti da Silva , NUNES Lívio Cesar Cunha
Published: September 2021

The presence of chemical residues in aquatic environment can cause noticeable adverse physiological effects in humans and animals. In view of this, one needs methods to try to control its disposal, among these methods highlight the adsorption. The adsorption on solids is a phenomenon that focus on the surface of existing substances in liquids or gases. Due to the adsorption capacity of the derivatives of babassu (Orbignya phalerata, Mart.) and its abundance geographical took place this study was conducted with the purpose of transforming the coal into a potent babassu adsorbent useful for the treatment of industrial effluents, including pharmaceutical. The sieve analysis was performed and showed charcoal powder with a mean diameter of 500.475 mM, obtaining therefore a coarse powder. Potential adsorption system was elevated. According to the spectrophotometric reading, the initial concentration of methylene blue (3,85 mg/ml) was reduced to 0.106 g/ml in the system containing activated charcoal, thus resulting in a percentage adsorption equivalent to 97%. This study noted a keen perspective on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon from babassu front of the methodology employed. This material shows great potential for use in the manufacture of filters for the decontamination of industrial waste.
EVALUATION OF MOLECULAR REACTIVITY PARAMETERS OF PIRIDYNE-N-OXIDE USED IN THE FORMATION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS
Authors: LIMA Francisco José Santos , SOUSA Fernanda Louise Cardoso de , COSTA Luiz Henrique Medeiros da , SILVA Ademir Oliveira da
Published: September 2021

Parameters of molecular reactivity (PRM´s) have been used, to quantify atomic and molecular properties that can influence in the interactions among the molecules, in the synthesis of chemists compounds of interest in research and possible applications. In this work we observed that the order of the ligands basicicity was agreed with the order of the thermal stability of some complex of the literature compared. A new reactivity order it was attributed by the evaluations of PRM´s, that doesn't agree also with the order of the thermal stability. It was concluded in this work that a clear dependence doesn't exist among the reactivity parameters with the thermal behavior of the related empiric properties in this work.
DILUTION PROCESS OF A SOLUTION USED AS A TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Authors: MORAES Sandra Regina de , DINIZ Anne Caroline Zasnieski , GONÇALVES Isaac Magno da Silva , KASCHUK Joice Jaqueline , CRUZ Larissa Cristina da , ROCHA José Roberto Caetano da
Published: September 2021

The present study evaluated the process of solution preparation, which is defined as a system presenting different substances, but with the same chemical composition and physical properties in all points of the solution. This type of system is very important, especially for chemistry, since the water has the ability to dissolve a wide variety of aqueous solutions forming substances which facilitate the reactive processes in nature, as well in all living cells. Thus, the factors related to this physical process of dissolution were considered in order to become the process more didactic, and consequently, more accessible to a wider cognitive range. Copper II sulphate pentahydrate in water was used as target chemical substance in this study. This solid compound has strong blue color, and when in solution with several and different concentrations are achieved the required color gradient which helps the future educators of the discipline of chemistry to demonstrate the influence of the amount of solid compound added in relation to concentration of the solution formed. It was also discussed the methodological advantages of working experimentally the process of dilution and in parallel to present the concepts involved, in view of the cognitive stages established by Piaget and their influences on teaching-learning process.
METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTING CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA SHIFT: CHANGING SYSTEM COMPOSITION AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE
Authors: SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS Joan Josep , CAURIN Carlos
Published: September 2021

The subject of perturbations of an equilibrium system and the direction in which it shifts as it moves towards a new equilibrium is an important aspect of general and physical chemistry courses. Of particular importance is students' ability to predict the effects of changing conditions on the position of chemical equilibrium. On a teaching context, the Le Chatelier's principle is still used as an infallible principle without showing its limitations which can lead to very important misconceptions. In this paper it is presented a teaching methodology to avoid the Le Chatelier’s qualitative rule. This methodology is based on extent of reaction, affinity of reaction, and thermodynamic potentials. Focusing on the effects of adding more reactants or products on chemical equilibrium (at constant temperature), our proposal gives the mathematical expression of the variation of the extent of reaction with the infinitesimal variation in the number of moles, and it allows to make exact predictions about the evolution of a perturbed chemical equilibrium system.
EFFECT OF A SALINE SOLUTION ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ATRIPLEX NUMMULARIA
Authors: ARAÚJO Eliane Gonçalves , SILVA Márcia Lima , NETO Francisco Nobre de Abrantes , CABRAL Sheila Priscila Marques , MARTINEZ-HUITLE Carlos Alberto , FERNANDES Nedja Suely
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to analyze the effect of a saline solution on growth and chemical composition of Atriplex nummularia. These species seedlings were planted in the Garden of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Chemical characterization was performed using the Ion Chromatography (IC) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results of this analysis highlighted the diversity of anions and cations absorbed by the plant during its evolutionary process. Based on this study it was concluded that the Atriplex could be used as a source of absorbing salts from soils contaminated by effluents from industrial processes in which the saline water has as an end product of their processes.
EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND SCIENTIFIC INITIATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: STUDY OF THE WATERS POLLUTION
Authors: SANTANA Bruna de Paula , BRITO Núbia Natália
Published: September 2021

The quality of the water is a term that doesn't only concern the determination of the purity of the same, but the characteristics also wished for your use. The teaching of Environmental Chemistry using the thematic water quality, linked to the experimental activities it can contribute to global formation of high school students giving them conditions for construction, reconstruction and production of knowledge. This way this work had as objective the construction of a mini-course for high school students, in order to these can relate the chemistry studied with some parameters related to the water quality through experimental activities. In the development of this mini-course a potability kit was used (Alfakit) for analysis of the following parameters: alkalinity, chloride, free chlorine, pH, total hardness, turbidity, color, total iron, consumed oxygen, ammonia, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and salmonella (salmonella typhi). The analyses were accomplished as standard methods for the water and wastewater. It was also made a plan and class procedure and a questionnaire given to the participant students. The results obtained starting from the determination of the parameters, already mentioned, they allowed to collaborate for the students to observe subjects related to the consumption, quality and preservation of the water. We believed that with the student participation activates in a situation of real investigation, proposal in the challenge form will be able instigate the students in the search of an answer more consolidated.
Klassiker: Deidre N. McCloskey: Publikumsproblemer i historisk økonomi
Authors: Mouton Nico , Gabrielsen Jonas
Published: September 2021

Klassiker. Oversat af Sine Nørholm Just og Mette Bengtsson. Med introduktion af Nico Mouton og Jonas Gabrielsen.
Intro: TEMA Kategoria: anklagens retorik
Authors: Iversen Stefan , Lykke Nørremark Rebekka
Published: September 2021

Under overskriften “Kategoria: anklagens retorik” sætter dette temanummer af Rhetorica Scandinavica fokus på anklageretorik som en central del af offentlig debat og deliberation på tværs af tid, rum og medier. Anklageretorik eller kategoria er i ­stigende grad blevet en afgørende faktor i forhandlinger, opretholdelsen eller nytænkningen af kollektive normer og værdier, men som kontrast til fænomenets allestedsnærværelse står mængden af retorikfaglig teori, der behandler konkrete udsigelser eller udvikler de teoretiske rammer, man som retorisk kritiker kan forstå anklagen inden for. På trods af en betydelig interesse i apologiastudier og krise­kommunikation, som de seneste årtier har optaget både retorikforskningen og kommunikationsforskning i bredere forstand, beskæftiger overraskende få studier sig med anklageretorikkens former og funktioner. Faglitteraturens begrænsede interesse står i kontrast til det faktum, at det allerede i antikken stod klart, at persua­sive forsvar (apologia) ikke opstår ex nihilo, og at forsvaret derfor bør analyseres og vurderes i lyset af sit modstykke, anklagen
Reelle, offisielle beklagelser
Authors: Ragnhildson Dahl John Magnus
Published: September 2021

Anmeldelse: Lisa S. Villadsen & Jason A. Edwards (red): The Rhetoric of Official ­Apologies. Lexington Books, 2020.
ETIOLOGY OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN DISTRICT BUNER, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
Authors: Muhammad Noor , Khan Hammad Muhammad , Jawaid Ayesha , Ali Shah Mohsin Syed , Ali Owais Muhammad , Ali Shah Sayyed Mohsin , Saeed Saria
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The aim of our study was to determine the most common cause of liver cirrhosis in district Buner.

 

Methodology:

This was retrospective cross-sectional study. Data was collected from patient’s record register from January 2016 till December 2018. A total of 203 patients were included in this study. Data was collected and entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS 23.

 

Results:

Out of 203 cases, 135(66.5%) were males and 68 (33.5%) were females. The main cause of cirrhosis was HCV (n=163, 80.3%) and HBV (n=27, 13.3%). Cryptogenic cirrhosis occurred in 9 cases (4.4%) while others were only 1% (n=2). HCV was more positive in males (n=108, 66.25%) than in females (n=55, 33.7%), this was statistically significant with a p value .022.

 

Conclusion:

We conclude with our study that HCV is major cause of Liver Cirrhosis in our patients. HCV is more common in males than in females. Cirrhosis occurs most commonly in 4th, 5th and 6th decades of life after being infected with HBV and HCV.

 

Keywords: Liver cirrhosis, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B virus, Pakistan.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION AND INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Ali Babar , Sajjad Muhammad Mohsin , Rahman Ali , Qurashi Omair Rafiq , Darain Haider
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Interferential Current (IF) in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain.

Material and Methods: This quasi experimental study was performed in Khyber Teaching Hospital and Khyber Medical University Peshawar from August 2015 to January 2016. All patients were assessed before and after TENS and IF therapy using Visual Analogue Scale 0-10 (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Thirty patients were divided into two groups. TENS (group I) & IF (group II). In group I, patients received 10 minutes session with heat therapy (hot pack) and 20 minutes session with TENS. In group II, the patients received 10 minutes session with heat therapy (hot pack) and 20 minutes session with IF current.

Results: Mean age of participants was 34.85±4.80 and 33.50±5.20 years in group I and group II. The mean of pain before treatment in group I was 6.47±.29 and that of group II was 5.60±.33 in which the minimum pain on VAS was 4 and maximum pain was 8. A pair T test was done to identify the difference between pre and post treatment score on VAS in the intervention. The p values shows .000 which is less than .05 indicate that there is significant difference present between pre and post treatment pain on VAS.  The pair T test for disability percentage on ODI was done to identify the difference between pre and post treatment  in the interventions. The p value was less than .05 which shows that there is significant difference and reduction of disability percentage on ODI. Conclusion:  The study concluded that both the treatment methods TENS and IF are effective in decreasing pain intensity and disability in low back pain patients.
ROLE OF RIGID BRONCHOSCOPY IN MANAGEMENT OF TRACHEOBRONCHIAL FOREIGN BODY ASPIRATION
Authors: Din Israr ud , Hafeez Muhammad , Junaid Muhammad , Khan Arif Raza , Khan Imran
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the role of Rigid Bronchoscopy in Management of Tracheobronchial Foreign Body Aspiration.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted in otolaryngology department, Khyber teaching hospital, Peshawar of one year duration from January 2018 to December 2019. Total 90 Patients of age 4 months to 14 years on clinical suspicion of foreign body bronchus were included, while patients with history of bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis and radio opaque foreign body bronchus were excluded.

Results: Total number of patients was 90 in which male patients were 60 (66.67 %) and female patients were 30 (33.33 %), patients with foreign body bronchus were 80 (88.89%). Male patients with foreign body bronchus was 53 (58.89%) and female 27 (30.00%). In age range from 4 months to 3 years, 35(39%) Patients underwent bronchoscopy in which foreign body bronchus retrieved in 30(37.5%) patients. Conclusion: Patients with history of repeated chest infection, relieved by medicines for some time should not be over look, as vegetative foreign body bronchus are radiolucent and patients usually present late in respiratory compromised state, the clinician must urge, for prompt treatment as rigid bronchoscopy.
Um vetor de ciência, tecnologia e governo da vida
Authors: Segata Jean , Vargas Elisa Oberst , Silva Nathália Dos Santos
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho intersecta os interesses de pesquisas antropológicas sobre políticas públicas de saúde que enfatizam os entrelaçamentos multiespécie, com o debate histórico sobre as relações entre Estado, ciência e mosquitos no Brasil dos séculos XIX e XX, como aquele relacionado ao trabalho da Fundação Rockefeller. Ele resulta de uma etnografia compostas por pesquisa documental, entrevistas e observação participante junto à então chamada Equipe de Vigilância de Roedores e Vetores (EVRV), órgão da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre (SMSPA) - a partir de onde descrevemos a implementação e consolidação de uma política de controle do Aedes aegypti. Tratam-se de situações empíricas com as quais exploraremos o debate sobre biopoder, “microbiopolítica” e “biopolítica em tempo real” explicitando emergência de estratégias particulares de produção de conhecimento e de novos mecanismos de governamentalidade de humanos, animais e ambientes no campo da saúde.
What women want: a qualitative analysis of women’s motivation to pursue surgical careers
Authors: Atkinson Stephanie
Published: September 2021

Objective:  This study was undertaken to explore what motivates women to pursue surgical careers.

 

Design:  Qualitative methods were employed in this interview-based study.  Interviews were recorded, manually anonymized and transcribed, and thematized using NVivo software.

 

Setting:  This study was conducted at Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada. 

 

Participants:  Recruitment for this study via email requested volunteers who identified as women and were medical students considering a career in surgery. Recruitment continued until data was saturated.  A total of 8 participants volunteered and were included.

 

Results: This study revealed five themes associated with women's motivation to pursue surgical careers; mentorship, inherent aspirations, lived experience, and proof of capability, preconceived ideals.  The commonest theme was mentorship.  The women who participated in this study employed unconventional methods when seeking mentorship, some of which are unique to this work. 

 

Conclusions:  The most prevalent factors influencing women's motivation to pursue surgical careers are mentorship, inherent aspirations, participants' lived experience, a desire to prove their capability, and their preconceived ideals about surgery.  All factors were deeply influential over one another.  A greater understanding of these factors may help future researchers and educators create a more fulfilling career for women in surgery.
THINKING BEYOND 'ENGINES OF GROWTH':RE-CONCEPTUALIZATION URBAN PLANNING DISCOURSE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Anwar Nausheen H.
Published: September 2021

Ring towns, twin-cities, city regions, peri-urban, intermediate cities and more, the vast nomenclature captures the unrelenting interest in secondary cities as 'engines of growth', capable of surmounting the challenges of urbanization in Pakistan. This conceptually-driven article examines the bourgeoning interest in secondary cities and proposes alternate ways of thinking about such conurbations. It underscores the need to go beyond technocratic discourse and capitalist assumptions of infinite growth and modernization as conventionally applied in regional and urban planning discourse in Pakistan. The article calls for re-orienting planning discourse in Pakistan to incorporate tile substantive theme of 'urbanism', which is crucial for comprehending how citizens experience urban life across a diverse and shifting landscape, where the city fades into the countryside, or where 'urban sprawl' and 'ribbon developments' defy categorization.
ROLE OF ARCHITECTS AND LOCALNESS OF THE GLOBAL CITY: DISCUSSION OF OPERATIONALIZATION OF KEY THEORIES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE NOTIONS OF LOCALNESS IN BUILT FORM
Authors: Ahmed Suneela
Published: September 2021

This paper looks at the urban and architectural case studies from India and Malaysia where built form elements that highlight local advantage have been identified and articulated and have helped in cities to compete in the global paradigm. This paper analysis works of architects who have been labelled as Critical Regionalist architects from India and Malaysia. The objective is to tease out the design components addressed by these architects in their projects which connect to the local. The architects whose work has been addressed are Charles Correa and Balkrishna Doshi from India and Ken Yeang and Jimmy Lim from Malaysia. The analysis covers the following objectives: a) To understand the design methodology and values of these designers and their contribution, if any, towards the development of localness in built form within their contexts. b) To understand the scale at which each of the projects falls within different theoretical realms. c) To analyse works of these designers with respect to the components that contribute to localness in built form and assess priority given to each of these components by the designers in their work. This paper is part of an ongoing PhD research entitled ‘A conceptual framework for evaluating localness through the design of built form: case of Karachi, Pakistan’ being undertaken at Oxford Brookes University, UK. The research methodology for this paper is largely based on literature review and personal visits to the buildings in India.
Inclusión de los delitos ambientales en el Código Penal Argentino
Authors: Torres Fernández Rosa Inés , Villada Jorge Luis , Cau Cattán María Alejandra
Published: September 2021

El derecho ambiental refleja la preocupación que tiene el ser humano por el entorno natural que le brinda las condiciones externas para el desarrollo de la vida, en virtud de lo cual surgen una serie de instrumentos internacionales. Nuestro Código Penal no contiene una figura especial referida al daño ecológico como tipo delictivo, sino que sanciona los supuestos de envenenamiento de aguas o sustancias alimenticias o medicinales, pero no contempla los casos de menoscabos a la atmósfera, a los suelos, etc. Por tal motivo, teniendo en cuenta que en el Congreso de la Nación está previsto el tratamiento de la reforma del Código Penal, consideramos que la inclusión de los delitos ambientales es de suma necesidad y urgencia, dado que existen numerosos fallos consecuencia de planteos por incumplimiento de leyes y principios ambientales.
Somewhere between a Possibility and a Pipe Dream: District-level Leadership that Promotes Family Inclusion and Engagement in Education
Authors: Hands Catherine
Published: September 2021

This paper looks at strengthening parent engagement in education, focusing on leadership strategies for reaching and supporting parents. The qualitative case study of a district’s multiple approaches for enhancing parent engagement involved 8 individual and focus group interviews, observations, and document analyses. The superintendent and principals shared leadership with school councils for developing initiatives. They collaborated with community organizations to provide parenting support, social services and resources to enable participation. Despite some success, the leaders were challenged to establish engagement programs widely across the district due to a managed, hierarchical, organizational structure and limited parent input on educational goals. The research contributes to a discussion of enhancing relations among families and schools to promote all students’ academic achievement and wellbeing.
The Inclusion of Parents and Families in Schooling: Challenging the Beliefs and Assumptions that Lead to the Exclusion of Our Students’ First Teachers
Authors: Fournier Gwyn M
Published: September 2021

Through autobiographical narrative inquiry, I use my stories of experience to unpack the notion of inclusion, and then, using that definition, I explore commonly held beliefs and assumptions about the positioning of parents and families in schools.  I discuss how educators often unintentionally exclude parents and families from their children’s schooling through common, taken-for-granted institutional practices, and how these practices then continue to perpetuate exclusion.  I share my rethinking of practices, and I extend Pushor’s notion of parent engagement, reframing her conceptualization through a lens of inclusion and ethical space.  I explore how educators might work with parent voice and presence in an inclusive way, repositioning ourselves alongside parents and engaging in authentic relationships to deepen learning opportunities for our students and enriching the lives of our students and their families, as well as our own.
Attending to Invisible Doorways into Children’s Worlds of Play
Authors: Swanson Cindy
Published: September 2021

There is not an abstract for this book review.
Introduction to the Reviews of Vivian Paley’s Books
Authors: Huber Janice , Clandinin D. Jean , Murphy M. Shaun
Published: September 2021

Introduction to the reviews of Vivian Paley's books
What Does it Take to Form Meaningful Connections among Cultural Brokers, Parents, and Teachers? Lessons From A Federal Grant
Authors: Geller Joanna D , Alcantara Vianna , Boucher Danielle , Catone Keith , Lopez Ruth M , Tung Rosann
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore what factors facilitate and hinder meaningful connections among cultural brokers, parents, and teachers. We examined how trust and respect – or the lack thereof – manifested in relationships among cultural brokers, parents, and teachers; how trust and respect improved over time; and to what extent improved trust and respect between cultural brokers and teachers dismantled uneven power differentials between teachers and parents. During the 2013/14 school year, across five schools participating in a federal grant to support family engagement, we conducted over 30 semi-structured focus groups with English and Spanish speaking parents, paid parent volunteers, and teachers; interviews with Collaborators, school leaders, and project staff; and observations of grant activities. Focus groups and interviews included many of the same respondents in the fall and the spring in order to assess change. We supplement these data with quantitative data tracking parent participation in grant activities. We found that trust and respect were the foundation of meaningful connections among cultural brokers, teachers, and parents. Trust and respect among these groups improved through a combination of intentional relationship-building activities and more opportunities for these groups to interact regularly. . Despite these improvements, many teachers continued to harbor deficit-based attitudes toward parents. Our main conclusion is that increasing daily interactions between teachers and cultural brokers cannot undo the effect of hegemonic norms that characterize poor families, families of color, immigrant families, and single-parent families as lazy and uncaring at worst and simply unable to be good parents at best. Our findings reinforce the significance of the Dual Capacity-Building Framework for Home-School Partnerships, released by the Department of Education in 2014. Effective partnership between parents and teachers depends on simultaneous efforts to develop the capacities of both groups. We suggest a variety of practical strategies for achieving this goal.
Navigating the Parent Involvement Terrain – The Engagement of High Poverty Parents in a Rural School District
Authors: Robinson Dwan V , Volpe Lauren
Published: September 2021

This research explored parents’ perceptions of engagement experiences in the school life of their children. This qualitative study included a multi-site exploration of parents at two elementary public schools in an Appalachian school district.  Participants for this inquiry included 16 high poverty parents for the individual and focus group interviews.  Parents were identified as high poverty based on their child’s eligibility for free and reduced lunches under the U.S. National School Lunch Program. Interview protocols were designed to examine themes of school culture and climate, educational policy, and parental involvement.  The research team collected interview transcripts from conversations with parents at the studied school sites..   In examining data from the transcripts, several prominent themes emerged as findings. These findings included the fact that a) parents were motivated to be involved in schools; b) parents grappled with constraints limiting their time to be engaged in schools; and c) issues emerged suggesting that there were attitudes of in-group marginalization amongst parents in the schools.  Recommendations are provided for educational leaders, teachers, and other school district personnel.
Activating Indigenous Knowledge to Create Supportive Educational Environments by Rethinking Family, Community, and School Partnerships
Authors: Kulago Hollie Anderson
Published: September 2021

In this article, the author describes ways that Indigenous knowledges can be activated through social justice philosophies and pedagogies that promote equitable and fair social-educational systems to support Indigenous students. Specifically, she argues that when considering family-community-school partnerships, family and community are one and the same when viewed through the conceptual framework of k’é and that for indigenous communities, education and community are inseparable. She establishes k’é as a Diné philosophy of community that dictates ways of knowing and being that are rooted in traditional teachings and ceremonies meant to ensure survival of the people. She describes a qualitative study that employed an indigenous methodology in which she asks Diné youth how they define community. The findings of the study imply that to support the Diné youth holistically, educators must promote equity and fairness within schools serving Indigenous communities by partaking in active and critical engagement that includes acquiring an understanding of the histories, contributing to the processes of healing relationships and activating Indigenous knowledges that focuses on philosophies of community.