bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument: translation into Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil
Authors: Santino Thayla Amorim , Alchieri João Carlos , Mendes Raquel Emanuele de França , Jácome Ada Cristina , Santos Tácito Zaildo de Morais , Kahn-D’Angelo Linda , Patino Cecilia M. , Mendonça Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate the Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (PACCI) to Portuguese and adapt it for use in Brazil, ensuring the cultural validity of the content and semantic equivalence of the target version. Methods: The Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the PACCI was developed according to the most commonly used methodology, which included the following steps: translation; synthesis of the translation; review by the author of the original questionnaire; back-translation; synthesis of the back-translation; review by a native external researcher who is a native speaker of English; approval of the author of the original questionnaire; review by a specialist in Portuguese; review by a multidisciplinary committee of experts to determine the agreement of the items, considering the clarity of each and its appropriateness in the cultural context; cognitive debriefing; and development of the final version. The cognitive debriefing involved 31 parents/legal guardians of children 1-21 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, as defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma, with the objective of determining the comprehensibility and clarity of the items for the target population. Results: The multidisciplinary committee of experts indicated that the items on the questionnaire were clear and comprehensible, with kappa values above 0.61, indicating substantial agreement. In the cognitive debriefing, the parents/legal guardians presented no difficulties in understanding any of the items (agreement > 0.90); therefore, no further changes were needed. Conclusions: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PACCI for use in Brazil were successful.
Update on the approach to smoking in patients with respiratory diseases
Authors: Sales Maria Penha Uchoa , Araújo Alberto José de , Chatkin José Miguel , Godoy Irma de , Pereira Luiz Fernando Ferreira , Castellano Maria Vera Cruz de Oliveira , Tanni Suzana Erico , Almeida Adriana Ávila de , Chatkin Gustavo , Silva Luiz Carlos Côrrea da , Gonçalves Cristina Maria Cantarino , Botelho Clóvis , Santos Ubiratan Paula , Viegas Carlos Alberto de Assis , Sestelo Maristela Rodrigues , Meireles Ricardo Henrique Sampaio , Correa Paulo César Rodrigues Pinto , Oliveira Maria Eunice Moraes de , Reichert Jonatas , Lima Mariana Silva , Silva Celso Antonio Rodrigues da
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Smoking is the leading cause of respiratory disease (RD). The harmful effects of smoking on the respiratory system begin in utero and influence immune responses throughout childhood and adult life. In comparison with “healthy” smokers, smokers with RD have peculiarities that can impede smoking cessation, such as a higher level of nicotine dependence; nicotine withdrawal; higher levels of exhaled carbon monoxide; low motivation and low self-efficacy; greater concern about weight gain; and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. In addition, they require more intensive, prolonged treatment. It is always necessary to educate such individuals about the fact that quitting smoking is the only measure that will reduce the progression of RD and improve their quality of life, regardless of the duration and severity of the disease. Physicians should always offer smoking cessation treatment. Outpatient or inpatient smoking cessation treatment should be multidisciplinary, based on behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. It will thus be more effective and cost-effective, doubling the chances of success.
Olfactory impairment in frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Maren de Moraes e , Viveiros Camila Poletto , Kotsifas Nikolai José Eustátios , Duarte Alexia , Dib Evelyn , Mercer Pilar Bueno Siqueira , Pessoa Renata Ramina , Witt Maria Carolina Zavagna
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents clinically in three variants: one behavioral and two with progressive primary aphasia - non-fluent/agrammatic and semantic. Defined by the degenerative process and cerebral atrophy, olfactory dysfunction occurs in up to 96% of previous FTD case series. Objective: the present study aims to critically synthesize data about the relationship between FTD and olfactory impairment to analyze the usefulness of olfactory evaluation tests as a complementary element in early diagnosis. Methods: a database search was performed using the keywords “olfactory OR smell OR olfaction AND frontotemporal dementia”. We included studies that evaluated olfactory function in patients diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia, all subtypes, compared with age-matched healthy controls. For comparative purposes, the effect size was calculated using Cohen’s D. The studies selected were categorized according to dementia variant and olfactory test type. A meta-analysis was performed using forest plots - homogeneity was evaluated by statistical tests (i2 and Cochran Q). Results: ten articles met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was classified as low for semantic dementia olfactory identification and behavioral variant olfactory discrimination groups (i2 = 0 and 3.4%, respectively) and as moderate for the behavioral variant olfactory identification group (i2 = 32.6%). Conclusion: patients with the frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant seem to present with alterations in odor identification, but with preserved discrimination. Scent identification also seems to be impaired in semantic dementia. Therefore, we conclude that olfactory evaluation in these patients is possibly impacted by cognitive alterations and not by sensory deficits. Application of olfactory tests may prove important in differentiating prodromal states from other types of dementia with more pronounced olfactory impairment.
Limited formal education is strongly associated with lower cognitive status, functional disability and frailty status in older adults
Authors: Brigola Allan Gustavo , Alexandre Tiago da Silva , Inouye Keika , Yassuda Monica Sanches , Pavarini Sofia Cristina Iost , Mioshi Eneida
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT. Limited formal education is still common in ageing populations. Although limited formal education seems to be independently and negatively associated with cognition, functional abilities and frailty in ageing, no studies have examined whether the gradient of limited formal education has an impact on health in later life. Objective: to examine the relationship of limited formal education with cognitive status, functional abilities, and frailty status. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 540 older adults stratified into groups: no formal education, 12-24 months of education, and 25-48 months of education. Cognitive screening (MMSE), functional abilities (Lawton Index), and frailty (CHS criteria) were measured. Regression analyses were performed. Results: 27% had no formal education, 21% had 12-24 months of formal education, and 55% had 25-48 months of formal education. Limited formal education has a clear gradient of negative impact: No formal education was associated with scoring below MMSE cut-off scores (OR = 7.9), being totally/partially dependent for IADLs (OR = 2.5) and frail (OR = 2.0). Having 12-24 months of education was associated with scoring below MMSE cut-off scores (OR = 5.2) and with being frail (OR = 2.0). The No formal education group was 10.1 times more likely to have worse cognitive scores, worse functional abilities and frailty/pre-frailty status concomitantly (CCoFF), while older adults who had 12-24 months of education had a 4.6 times greater chance of having CCoFF. Conclusion: limited education had a gradient association with cognitive performance, functional disability and frailty. These findings clearly emphasize the importance of prevention through education from childhood to older age.
Evaluation of the process conditions for the production of microbial carotenoids by the recently isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa URM 7409
Authors: Machado Whallans Raphael Couto , Silva Lucas Gomes da , Vanzela Ellen Silva Lago , Del Bianchi Vanildo Luiz
Published: June 2019

Abstract This study aimed to improve the physical and nutritional process conditions for the production of carotenoids by the newly isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a red basidiomycete yeast. The carotenoid bioproduction was improved using an experimental design technique, changing the process characteristics of agitation (130 rpm to 230 rpm) and temperature (25 °C to 35 °C) using seven experiments, followed by a 25-1 fractional design to determine the relevant factors that constitute the culture medium (glucose, malt extract, yeast extract, peptone and initial pH). A complete second order experimental design was then carried out to optimize the composition of the culture medium, the variables being yeast extract (0.5 to 3.5 g/L), peptone (1 to 5 g/L) and the initial pH (5.5 to 7.5), with 17 experiments. The maximum carotenoid production was 4164.45 μg/L (252.99 μg/g), obtained in 144 h in YM (yeast malt) medium with 30 g/L glucose, 10 g/L malt extract, 2 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L peptone, an initial pH 6, 130 rpm and 25 °C, demonstrating the potential of this yeast as a source of bio-pigments. In this work, the nitrogen sources were the factors that most influenced the intracellular accumulation of carotenoids. The yeast R. mucilaginosa presented high production at a bench level and may be promising for commercial production.
Use of artisanal simulators in the ultrasound training for invasive procedures in nephrology: venous access and renal biopsy
Authors: Bastos Marcus Gomes , Dalamura Ramon de Oliveira , Vieira Ana Luisa Silveira , Pazeli Jr. José
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vascular access and renal biopsy are common procedures in nephrology. In this study, two artisanal simulators of very low cost and excelent image quality are (prented) presented to guide, by ultrasound, the venous access and renal biopsy. Methods: The simulators are constructed using chicken breast slices, Penrose drain, plastic milk shake straw and pig kidney. Results: Both simulators enable immediate identification of the anatomical structures of interest, vessels and kidney, and enable spatial orientation and hand-eye coordination, essential for the development of the necessary skills to safely carry out invasive procedures. Conclusion: The simulators described, were extremely useful for simulating venous access and renal biopsy guided by ultrasonography, enabling training to reduce the failure rate in punctures and the potential complications associated with the described procedures.
OPHTHALMOLOGIC COMPLICATIONS IN SPINAL SURGERIES: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ferreira João Thiago Frossard da Cruz
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Literature review using PubMed, relating ophthalmologic complications in spinal surgery. Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and cortical blindness (CB) constitute the majority of cases. These are rare complications and have a poor prognosis. Post-operative visual loss (POVL) occurs most often in surgical procedures performed in the prone position. Being male, anemia, blood transfusion, and prolonged surgery time are related to ION, while malposition and direct compression of the eyeball are related to the development of CRAO. Level of Evidence III; Systematic reviewbof level III studies.
USE OF INTRAOPERATORY VANCOMYCIN IN SPINAL SURGERIES
Authors: Bondan Eduardo Teston , Graells Xavier Soler I , Kulcheski Álynson Larocca , Santoro Pedro Grein del , Benato Marcel Luiz
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objectives: Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, infection is still a challenge for spine surgeons, with high morbidity and mortality, long hospitalization, delayed rehabilitation, and a greater number of interventions. The purpose of this cross-sectional retrospective case-control study was to compare the incidence of postoperative infection in individuals who received a systemic antibiotic as the sole prophylactic method with those who received vancomycin in the operative wound in association with systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in spinal surgery. Methods: We evaluated 2694 medical records of individuals submitted to posterior spinal surgery in the thoracolumbar segment in the period from January 2012 to June 2017, 1360 in the treatment group and 1334 in the control group. Results: Nineteen (1.39%) of the treatment group progressed with surgical site infection, compared to 42 (3.14%) of the control group. Conclusions: There was a significant reduction in the postoperative infection rate with the use of vancomycin (p=0.0379). Level of Evidence III; Case-Control Study.
EVALUATION OF LUMBAR ENDOSCOPIC DISCECTOMY IN OBESE PATIENTS
Authors: Kulcheski Álynson Larocca , Bondan Eduardo Teston , Graells Xavier Soler I , Santoro Pedro Grein , Moraes Guilherme S. , Benato Marcel L.
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT Objectives: Obesity is a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates and perioperative complications in the general population. Minimally invasive procedures are promising alternatives to perioperative complications in individuals with a high body mass index (BMI). Endoscopic lumbar discectomy has been gaining popularity in this regard. However, there are few descriptions in the literature about the endoscopic approach to improve pain and quality of life in obese individuals. Likewise, it is not determined whether individuals with a high BMI have more complications in this type of surgical approach. Methods: A longitudinal retrospective case-control study was performed with 63 subjects submitted to endoscopic discectomy, divided into 2 groups according to BMI (Group A, BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 and Group B, BMI <30kg/m2), in order to compare improvement in quality of life through the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and pain improvement by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), as well as to observe the incidence of postoperative complications in both groups. Results: There was no difference in postoperative ODI (p=0.36) and VAS (p=0.54) between groups, nor was there a statistical difference in the incidence of complications between groups (p=0.56). Conclusions: Endoscopic discectomy brings similar results in pain and quality of life in obese and non-obese patients without causing higher rates of complications. Level of Evidence III; Case-Control Study.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Cysticercus ovis from Egypt based on MT-CO1 gene sequences
Authors: Abdelaziz Amer Ragheb , Khalafalla Reda Elbastawisy , Hassan Amal Abbas Abdelrahman , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb , Almuzaini Abdulaziz Mohammed
Published: June 2019

Abstract Cysticercus ovis or sheep measles is the larval stage of Taenia ovis, which is the intestinal tapeworm of dogs. It is found in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of sheep and can be the cause of partial or total condemnation of carcasses at abattoirs. The aim of the current work was to determine the prevalence of C. ovis among sheep in Upper Egypt and to present the molecular and phylogenetic analysis of this using the amplified Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 (MT-CO1) gene. A total of 1885 sheep slaughtered at local abattoirs of 4 different governorates of Upper Egypt (Asuit, Sohag, Qena and Aswan) were carefully examined for C. ovis. The overall prevalence of infection was 2.02%. The highest rate of infection was observed in adult animals over 4 years of age (44.73%). There was no significant effect of animal sex on infection rates. The phylogenic analysis of C. ovis Egyptian isolates showed very close similarity to the New Zealand isolate (AB731675). This is the first report showing the genetic analysis of C. ovis in Egypt, which provides a very powerful tool for taxonomy and definitive diagnosis of C. ovis, which could be helpful for preventive and control programs.
Şah Mahmud Nişâburî Murakkaı’ndan Birkaç Örnek Bağlamında Koltuk Tezhibi
Authors: ARACI Nihal
Published: June 2019

Kitap sanatları Türk Sanatı’nın oluşumundaki en önemli unsurlar arasında gösterilmektedir.Bu alanda verilmiş eserler, sanatımızın geçmişten günümüze ulaşabilmesi bakımındanson derece etkili olmuştur. Şah Mahmud Nişâburî Albümü de, kitap sanatlarınınuygulama alanlarından olan murakka’ yapımcılığının en mühim örnekleri arasında gösterilmektedir.Başta Şah Mahmud Nişâburî olmak üzere İranlı hattatların kıt’alarının yer aldığıbu albümün tezhiplenmesinin ve ciltlenmesinin Osmanlı Nakkaşhânesi’nde yapıldığıkabul edilmektedir. Albümde kıt’a formunun sıra dışı örnekleri bir arada toplanmıştır.Hem hat hem de tezhip sanatı açısından çok değerli ve aynı zamanda yol gösterici bir eserniteliği taşıyan albümdeki kıt’a formlarının farklılığı, değişik boyutlarda ve şekillerdekoltuk alanlarının oluşumunu sağlamış ve bu durum tasarımdaki çeşitliliği de beraberindegetirmiştir. Bu makalede de, Şah Mahmud Nişâburî Murakkaı’nda yer alan birkaç örnek,koltuk tezhibi yönünden ele alınacak ve incelenecektir.
Türkistan’da İlmihâl Kültürünün İlk Örneği Ahmed-i Yesevî’nin Divân-ı Hikmet’indeki İbâdet İlkeleri
Authors: BİLGİLİ İsmail
Published: June 2019

Yetiştirdiği sayısız öğrencileriyle hicrî 6. miladi 12. asırdan itibaren gerek Türkistanbölgesinin gerekse Anadolu kültür ve medeniyetinin İslam ile şekillenmesinde büyükkatkısı olan Pîr-i Türkistan Hoca Ahmed-i Yesevî (ö. 562/1166), Anadolu’nun manevîfatihlerindendir.Hanefi fakîhi Yusuf-u Hemedanî’den (ö. 535/1140) ilim ve irfan eğitimini tamamlayanAhmed-i Yesevî, özellikle yaşadığı Türkistan coğrafyasında Kıpçak ve Oğuz boylarıarasında İslam’ın benimsenip yayılmasında önemli hizmetlerde bulunmuş, ÇağatayTürkçesi ile serbest halk edebiyatı vezninde manzum olarak söylediği dînî içerikli şiirleriolan hikmetleriyle insanlara anlayacağı dilde İslam’ı tebliğ etmiştir. Ahmed-i Yesevî’ninhikmetleri, İslam’ın asgarî seviyede bilinmesi gereken îmân, ibâdet ve ahlâkın temelesaslarını, bir Müslüman için zorunlu bilgileri içermektedir.Türkler arasında gelişip yayılan ve ilk örneğini Ahmed-i Yesevî’nin Divân-ı Hikmeteseriyle veren îmân, ibâdet ve ahlâka dair asgarî bilgilerin genel prensipler mâhiyetindeele alındığı ilmihâl geleneği, Cibrîl hadîsinde yer alan üç konuyla ilgili sorulara yönelikîzâhın yaygınlaşmasıyla oluşmuştur. Ahmed-i Yesevî, hikmetlerinde bu bilgilere, ahkâmcihetinden değil, dînîn özünü oluşturan ilkeler bakımından yer vermiş, insanların İslamile olan bağını sahih bir yolla kurma amacını hedeflemiştir.Ahmed-i Yesevî’nin, ilmihâl konularından ibâdetlere verdiği hassasiyeti, Divân-ıHikmet’te ibâdetin gereğine değindiği sayısız hikmetleriyle birlikte 68 yerde namazdan,otuz üç yerde oruçtan, üç yerde zekâttan bahsetmesi ile de görmekteyiz. Ayrıca dokuzkıtadan oluşan 242. hikmetini sadece hac ibâdetine ayırması da bu kanaati desteklemektedir.İlmihâl kültürünün oluşumu hakkında kısa bilgi verdikten sonra Ahmed-i Yesevî’ninhikmetlerinde zâhirî hükümlerinden ziyâde iç anlamları yani manevî boyutları üzerindedurduğu ibâdet konularını ele alacağımız çalışmamızda, Divân-ı Hikmet’ten tespit ettiğimizbazı ibâdet ilkelerini hikmetler ışığında sunacağız.
Avrupa Birliği’nin Bilim ve Araştırma Alanındaki Heterojen Yapısına Dair Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GÜNER Oğuz
Published: June 2019

Avrupa Birliği, 2000 yılında yayımlamış olduğu Lizbon Stratejisi ile dünyanın en dinamikve en rekabetçi bilgi ekonomisi olmayı hedef edinmiştir. Sonrasında Avrupa 2020Stratejisi ile ise Birlik, bilim ve araştırma alanında küresel aktörlerin gerisinde kaldığınıkabullenmiş ve bu hususta hem üye ülkeler nazarında hem de Birlik genelinde bazı politikasetlerini uygulamaya koymuştur. Özellikle bilimsel bilginin üretilmesi, araştırmave geliştirme faaliyetlerinin artırılması için bilim ve araştırma alanının güçlendirilmesigerekliliği, Birliğin bu alana yatırım yapmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu çalışmada AvrupaBirliği üye ülkelerinin araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları, araştırmacı sayıları, bilimselyayınlarının sayısı ve niteliği ve bilgi yoğun ekonomi verileri üzerinden Birliğin heterojenyapısına dair bir kıyaslama yapılacaktır.
Anaokuluna Devam Eden Çocukların Değer Düzeylerinin Ebeveyn Görüşüne Göre Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Hakan
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışma, anaokuluna devam eden beş-altı yaşındaki çocukların ebeveyn görüşlerinegöre değer düzeylerinin belirlenmesini amaçlayan betimsel bir araştırmadır.Çalışmanın evrenini Ankara ilinde resmi anaokullarında eğitim gören beş-altı yaş gurubu14.218 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubunu seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemlerindentabakalı örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen beş yaştan 172, altı yaştan 202, toplamda374 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Aile BilgiFormu” ve “Okul Öncesi Değerler Ölçeği Ebeveyn Formu” kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arasındakifarklılıklar incelenirken normal dağılımdan gelmeyen değişkenler için MannWhitney U ve Kruskal Wallis-H testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Kruskal Wallis-H Testindeanlamlı farklılıkların görülmesi durumunda Post-Hoc Çoklu Karşılaştırma Testi ilearalarında farklılık olan gruplar belirlenmiştir. Normal dağılımdan gelmeyen değişkenlerarasındaki ilişkiler incelenirken Spearman’s Korelasyon Katsayısından yararlanılmıştır.Sonuçlar yorumlanırken anlamlılık düzeyi olarak 0,05 kullanılmış olup; p<0,05olması durumunda anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu, p>0,05 olması durumunda ise anlamlıbir ilişkinin olmadığı belirtilmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda; çocukların sırasıyla en fazla sorumluluk, saygı, işbirliği, dürüstlük,dostluk/arkadaşlık ve paylaşım değerlerini edindikleri saptanmıştır. Ortanca veson çocukların değer puanları ilk çocuklardan anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Öğ-renim düzeyleri yüksek olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının değer puanları, öğrenim düzeyidüşük olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının değer puanlarından yüksektir. Yüksek ve orta gelirgrubunda olan çocukların puanlarının düşük gelir grubunda yer alan çocukların puanlarındananlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Çocukların yaşı arttıkça değer edinimdüzeyleri artmaktadır. Kardeş sayısı ve ebeveynlerin yaşlarıyla değer edinim düzeyleriarasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı saptanmıştır.
Halep Geleneksel Evleri ve Özellikleri
Authors: ZEYN EL ABİDİN Mahmud , SAATÇİ Suphi
Published: June 2019

Tarihin en eski kentlerinden biri olan Halep, Türkiye’nin sınır komşusu Suriye’nin ticari,ekonomik ve endüstriyel başkenti niteliğindedir. Önemli ticaret yollarının buluştuğukent, ülkenin kuzeyinde yer almaktadır. Konumu itibariyle kent, tarih boyunca doğu ilebatı arasında bir ticaret merkezi olmuştur. Taş devrinden bu yana yerleşim yeri özelliğinikoruyan Halep, Orta Tunç Çağı’nda bile nüfus topluluklarının merkezi olmuştur. Coğrafikonumu, dinî cazibesi, sosyal yapısı ve iklim şartları Halep’in ayakta kalmasını sağlayanbaşlıca etkenler olmuştur.Halep kent dokusunun en ilgi çeken yanı geleneksel konut mimarisidir. Halep evlerindeeski doku incelendiğinde Anadolu’da benzer iklim ve sosyal yapıya sahip olduğugörülür. Organik sokak dokusu, sağır ve yüksek avlu duvarlarıyla çevrilidir. Ev mimarisinietkileyen ikilim, malzeme, gelenek, çevre, kültür ve sosyal hayat faktörleri, fiziki planada yansımıştır. Halep geleneksel ev mimarisi Mezopotamya döneminden başlayarakİslam dönemine kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür.
AGENT-STRUCTURE RELATIONS IN FOREIGN POLICY: AN ANALYSIS OF TURKEY-SYRIA RELATIONS DURING THE ARAB SPRING ON A DYNAMIC FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS MODEL
Authors: KALAYCI Rıdvan
Published: June 2019

The main focal point in this study analyzing the change of Turkey-Syria
relations during the Arab Spring is the agent-structure problem. The change
that took place in Turkey-Syria relations is analyzed in the light of “the
beginning of the demonstrations in Daraa and the Siege of Hama”, “shooting down
of Turkish RF-4E reconnaissance aircraft”, “violation of rules of engagement”,
and “Operation Euphrates Shield” in the framework of Dynamic Foreign Policy
Analysis Model (DFPAM) developed by Carlsnaes based on Margaret Archer’s
Morphogenetic Approach. It is concluded that Turkey’s Syria policy changed in
the process as a result of the interaction with the “structure” and that these
foreign policy actions led to a new structuring at the same time.
STEREOTYPING, VICTIMIZATION AND DEPOLITICIZATION IN THE REPRESENTATIONS OF SYRIAN REFUGEES
Authors: PANDIR Müzeyyen
Published: June 2019

This paper studies the representational
constructions of the image of Syrian refugee in newspaper photographs and
discusses the processes in which the Syrian refugee is victimized, stereotyped
and depoliticized through representation. It analyses Syrian refugee photographs
published between 2011 and 2015 in five Turkish newspapers. Working within
visual sociological and constructivist perspectives, and synthesizing content
and visual analyses, the study first dwells upon the universal “ideal victim”
profile mentioned in victimology studies, then reveals that the image of Syrian
refugee is predominantly constructed as “victim” in the analyzed newspaper
photographs. The study elaborates that refugees’ victimhood is represented through
different themes of suffering, which appear around the themes of poverty,
displacement, the need, and loss and pain. Then the victimization of the
refugee is problematized and discussed under two main arguments. The first argument
discusses that the prevalence of the victim discourse in Syrian refugee
photographs is achieved through the technique of stereotyping, which reproduces
the universal image of the refugee as weak and vulnerable, regardless of time
and context. The second argument discusses that victimization works as a device
for depoliticization, which imagines the refugee only as weak and powerless
rather than a subject with political agency who produces action and results.
The paper concludes that victimization and depoliticization produce a disparity
between the lived experiences of the refugee (who has survived a war) and the
representations of the refugee (who is a powerless war victim).
Elma ve işlenmiş ürünlerinde imidacloprid ve indoxacarb kalıntılarının belirlenmesi
Authors: Tiryaki Osman , Özel Ezgi
Published: June 2019

Tarım
ürünlerinde ve bunların işlenmiş ürünlerinde pestisit kalıntıları önemlidir. Bu
çalışmada "Golden Delicious" çeşidi elmalar imidacloprid ve
indoxacarb etkili maddeli bitki koruma ürünleri ile ilaçlanmıştır. QuEChERS
metodu ve LC-MS/MS ile kalıntı analizleri yapılmıştır. Elmalarda imidacloprid
ve indoxacarb kalıntıları (pestisit uygulamasından 3 gün sonra ve 14 gün sonra
hasat edilen örneklerin ortalaması), sırasıyla, 170.60 ve 490.77 µg/kg olarak
bulunmuştur. Imidacloprid kalıntıları iki hasat döneminin ortalaması olarak
elma kabuklarında 791.14 µg/kg, meyve etinde 104.17 µg/kg, ilk sıkım meyve
suyunda 44.60 µg/kg, tam proses meyve suyunda 47.41 µg/kg ve posada 262.57
µg/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Indoxacarb için bu kalıntılar kabukta 2195.07 µg/kg,
meyve etinde 197.84 µg/kg, ilk sıkım meyve suyunda 82.26 µg/kg ve posada 597.17
olarak bulunmuştur. İşleme faktörleri (İf) azalma ya da konsantrasyon faktörü
olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kabuk ve posada imidacloprid kalıntıları elmaya göre
sırasıyla, ortalama 4.67 ve 1.55 katı daha fazla bulunmuştur. Kabuksuz meyve
eti, ilk sıkım meyve suyu ve tam proses meyve suyu kalıntıları, elmaya göre
ortalama olarak, sırasıyla, %39.75, %73.54 ve %70.62 oranında azalmıştır.
Indoxacarb için ise kabuk ve posada kalıntı, sırasıyla, ortalama olarak 4.46 ve
1.21 kat artmıştır. Ortalama azalma oranları meyve etinde %59.84, ilk sıkım
meyve suyunda %83.35 olarak bulunmuştur. Kabuksuz meyve, ilk sıkım ve tam
proses elma suyunda, kalıntı azalma oranları arasındaki fark ile tam proses
meyve suyunda hasat dönemleri arasındaki azalma oranları arasındaki fark %1
düzeyinde önemlidir. İşlenmiş elmalarda İf’ye bağlı olarak yapılan
hesaplamalarda bulunan kalıntı değerleri her iki insektisit için MRL’nin (500
µg/kg) altında bulunmuştur. Hasat dönemine ve pestisite bağlı olmaksızın
kabukta ve elma posasında kalıntılar artmıştır.
Lantana camara L. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae)'nın sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak hazırlanan gümüş nanopartikül (AgNPs) uygulamalarının Buğday gal nematodu [Anguina tritici Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)]’na etkileri
Authors: Dura Onur , Tülek Adnan , Sönmez İbrahim , Erdoğuş Fatma Dolunay , Yeşilayer Ayşe , Kepenekci İlker
Published: June 2019

Buğdayı enfekte eden Buğday gal nematodu
[Anguina tritici Thorne, 1949
(Nematoda: Anguinidae)] buğday tarımı yapılan yerlerde en yaygın olan ve
ekonomik zarara neden olan bitki paraziti nematod (BPN) türlerinden birisidir. A. tritici tohum kaynaklı bir nematod
türü olup kuru koşullarda depolanmış tohumlarda uzun yıllar canlılığını
sürdürebilmektedir. BPN’lere karşı mücadelede bazı bitki ve bitkisel ürünler
alternatif nematod yönetimi bakımından kanıtlanmış etkiye sahiptir. Bu
çalışmada in vitro koşullarda (Petri kapları
deneyi) A. tritici’ye karşı çevre
dostu potansiyel nematisit olarak Lantana
camara L. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae)’nın sulu ekstraktı kullanılarak hazırlanan
gümüş nanopartikülleri (AgNPs)’nin etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. L. camara’nın sulu ekstraktı
kullanılarak gümüş nanopartikülleri 3 farklı konsantrasyonda [42 ppm (0.25 mM),
84 ppm (0.5 mM) ve 168 ppm (1 mM)] kullanılmıştır. Deneme 4 karakter [42 ppm,
84 ppm, 168 ppm uygulamalar ve pozitif kontrol K (+)] ve 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş,
çalışmalar Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (Yalova,
Türkiye)’de yürütülmüştür. A. tritici popülasyonu
4 tekerrürlü olacak şekilde steril petrilere transfer edilmiş ve Petri kapları 28±2
°C’de tutulmuştur. A. tritici
bireyleri ince iğne ile dokunulduğunda hareket etmediği takdirde ölü olarak
kabul edilmiştir. Bütün konsantrasyonlar farklı oranlarda nematisidal etki
göstermiştir. L. camara’nın sulu ekstraktı
kullanılarak hazırlanan gümüş nanopartiküllerinin etkisi 168 ppm (1 mM)
konsantrasyonda 72 saat sürede A. tritici
bireylerinde %97 ölüme sebep olmuştur.
Instructional tutorial for using demuxlet v1
Authors: Min Kang Hyun , Subramaniam Meena , Targ Sasha , Nguyen Michelle , Maliskova Lenka , McCarthy Elizabeth , Wan Eunice , Wong Simon , Byrnes Lauren , M Lanata Cristina , E Gate Rachel , Mostafavi Sara , Marson Alexander , Zaitlen Noah , A Criswell Lindsey , Jimmie Ye Chun
Published: June 2019

Genetic multiplexing of barcoded single cell RNA-seq Introduction demuxlet is a software tool to deconvolute sample identity and identify multiplets when multiple samples are pooled by barcoded single cell sequencing.demuxlet takes (1) a SAM/BAM/CRAM file produced by the standard 10x sequencing platform, or any other barcoded single cell RNA-seq (with proper --tag-UMI and --tag-group) options (2) a VCF/BCF file containing the genotype (GT), posterior probability (GP), or genotype likelihood (GL) to assign each barcode to a specific sample (or a pair of samples) in the VCF file. Tutorial for demuxlet This tutorial provides streamlined instructions for using the tool demuxlet. For a more detailed description of all of the options available to use with demuxlet, please refer to the README (attached in .zip file). demuxlet has several dependencies and this tutorial provides steps to use a docker instance to minimize compatibility issues and an alternative of installing demuxlet from source. demuxlet is a software tool to deconvolute sample identity and identify multiplets when multiple samples are pooled by barcoded single cell sequencing. demuxlet requires the following input files: a SAM/BAM/CRAM file produced by the standard 10x sequencing platform, or any other barcoded single cell RNA-seq (with proper --tag-UMI and --tag-group) options. a VCF/BCF file containing the genotype (GT), posterior probability (GP), or genotype likelihood (GL) to assign each barcode to a specific sample (or a pair of samples) in the VCF file.
Cellular protein extraction and Western blotting using dry transfer (iBlot system) v1
Authors: R Madsen Ralitsa
Published: June 2019

A generic protein extraction and Western blotting protocol, allowing both for total cell lysis or cytoplasmic protein extraction only. The cytoplasmic extraction version has been used when Western blotting for PI3K and MAPK/ERK signalling components; total cell lysis with sonication has been used when Western blotting for histones.
Regular non-enzymatic splitting of human pluripotent stem cells v1
Authors: R Madsen Ralitsa
Published: June 2019

This protocol describes the non-enzymatic splitting of human pluripotent stem cells with ReLeSR (Stem Cell Technologies) and RevitaCell (Thermo Fisher Scientific). This method allows pluripotent stem cells to preserve their undifferentiated state and enhances their survival. Success will hinge upon: Ensuring the right size of colony clumps following ReLeSR treatment, which requires optimal pipetting (speed and number of mixing steps) Sticking to a consistent maintenance schedule (splitting the cells at regular intervals, preferrably at roughly the same time of day)
REALIZATION OF LINGUISTIC MECHANISMS OF EUPHEMISMS IN LORENZO SILVA’S LITERARY TEXTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kyrechuk Valeriya
Published: June 2019

This article is voted to the analysis of linguistic mechanisms of euphemisms and alternative methods of transmission of lexical units which has a negative denotation based on contemporary Spanish literary texts by Lorenzo Silva Donde los escorpiones and Lejos del corazón. The author proves that in those texts dominate thematic groups of euphemisms which designate age and property discrimination, also there are euphemisms related to death phenomenon, in particular are discussed the euphemisms from military sphere, which designate preventive measures, armed defense and military police. Among the alternative methods on the semantic level are used the notion of positive politeness based on conditional clauses, adopted vocabulary from English, Latin, French, Italian languages and metaphorical expressions which are aimed at neutralization of enemies and military conflicts including metonymy substitution which contain the shade of formality in the texts.
MEANS OF EMOTIVES’ INTENSIFICATION
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kulchytska Olena
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the study of linguistic means of realizing pejoration in the novels by S. Mayer. The topicality of the study is caused by scholarly necessity and importance of studying pejoration from anthropocentric viewpoint, since this vocabulary is rapidly developing and requires analysis and research from different positions. Moreover, the emotive component and the evaluative category in pejoratives have been insufficiently studied. The following definition of pejoratives has been put forward: they are lexemes that have negative, emotionally loaded expressive evaluation and create preconditions for the achievement of an illocutionary goal. They belong to the low style, have a synonym in neutral vocabulary register, have denotative and connotative components of meaning, are prone to change the sign of evaluation, in terms of hybrid semantics have both truth-conditional and use-conditional components and are contextually preconditioned. Vocabulary, the pejorative meaning of which is denotatively registered in lexicographic sources is determined as absolute. Pejoratives, whose meaning is not lexicographically registered, are classified as relative. Semantic field of pejorative vocabulary corpus consists of the nucleus, close and distant periphery. All means of distant periphery serve as intensifiers of pejorative meaning. On the semantic level pejoratives may function as a metaphor, epithet, oxymoron, hyperbole, litote, metonymy, simile, irony and sarcasm. On the syntactic level pejorative vocabulary is integrated into interrogative constructions, inversions, syntactic reductions, stylistic repetitions, antithesis, and word-play. The degree of expressiveness of pejorative meaning has been estimated by means of Likert scale, and it includes the following items: punctuation, semantic and stylistic means, syntactic and stylistic means, graphic symbols, nonce-words and adj/adv + n structure. Pragmatic analysis has yielded the following result: pejoratives are potentially manipulative linguistic means.
Climate Science Needs Anthropology
Authors: Rhodes Kaitlyn
Published: June 2019

West Virginia residents always seemed to have such a deep bond with the surrounding land. As time has gone on, it has become harder and harder to disregard the natural phenomena taking place right here in our own backyards. Anthropologists and climate scientists must come together to use story in order to connect people with climate change if they hope to overcome the inevitable.
Relationships, Climate Change, and the Robins of Spring
Authors: Young Mikhaela E.
Published: June 2019

Storytelling is a powerful way to explore climate change on a local level. Through listening to local elders, we get insight into the differences in weather patterns over a long period of time. More importantly, we gain insight into a broader picture of what climate, weather, and nature mean to human relationships, not only the relationship to weather, but to culture, myth, and life. By observing and listening closely, we learn to remember that nature speaks to us, is a large piece of the human spirit, and contains within itself a history of humankind.
Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and the Slow Erosion of “Home”
Authors: Anderson Ryan
Published: June 2019

This photo essay explores the growing challenges of coastal erosion and sea level rise through a personal reflection about coastal California. The author combines photography, ethnographic research, and personal experience to reflect upon the social, political, and environmental changes that rising seas are bringing to the world's coastlines. The essay emphasizes the power of using anthropology, framed by locally-based perspectives and knowledge, as a way to understand the broader global issues of climate change, erosion, and sea level rise.
Professional Burnout and Reflection of Professionals Helping Professions
Authors: Matyushkina E.Y. , Каntemirova А.A.
Published: June 2019

Тhis paper attempts to address the relationship of reflection, supervision, and professional burnout of psychologists and psychotherapists. The sample of the pilot study included 38 people, including 27 women and 11 men. Тhe average age of the subjects was 36.6 years for women (range: 24—55) and 39.1 years for men (range: 29—57). The following methods were used: Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson, 1981; Vodop’yanova, Starchenkova, 2005); Differential Diagnostics of Reflexivity (Leont’ev, Lapteva, Osin, Salikhova, 2009); color metaphor technique (Solomin, 1996); a professional and demographic questionnaire developed by the authors. All respondents are engaged in the field of practical psychology. The results of the study revealed a low level of professional burnout and the prevalence of systemic reflection among specialists systematically attending supervision. For respondents not using the help of a supervisor, symptoms of professional burnout and the prevalence of introspection were found.
Current State of Cultural-Historical and Activity Practice- Oriented Research: Discussion by the International Community
Authors: Zaretsky V.K. , Nikolaevskaia I.A.
Published: June 2019

On March 19—24, 2019, a regional conference of the international community for cultural-historical and activity research was held at the University of Ioannina, in the north-west of Greece. The conference was held under the title “Crisis in contexts”, representatives of a large number of countries from all over the world discussed current and topical issues in the framework of cultural, historical and activity paradigms.
AYUSH'u Hindistan'ın sağlık dağıtım sistemine entegre etmek
Authors: SHRİVASTAVA Saurabh , SHRİVASTAVA Prateek
Published: June 2019

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HİCRÎ V. ASIR HANEFÎ FIKIH USULÜ ÇEVRESİNİN NESİH ALGISI - DEBÛSÎ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÜMÜTLİ Mehmet
Published: June 2019

Nesih, fıkıh usulünün
konuları arasında erken dönemlerden itibaren tartışılan önemli meseleler arasında
yer almaktadır. Hanefî usul doktirininin oluşmasında ve şekillenmesinde büyük
katkıları olan Debûsî’nin (ö. 430/1039) de nesih konusuna özel bir önem
atfettiği görülür. Debûsî, konuyla ilgili olarak öncelikle neshin mümkün ve
pratikte vâki bir husus olduğunu inceler. Nesihle ilgili olarak literatüre
yansımış olan tartışmalar arasında Kur’ân ve sünnetin birbirini neshedip
edemiyeceği meselesi de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Debûsî, Şâfiî (ö. 204/820)
tarafından ortaya konan Kur’ân ve sünnetin birbirini neshedemeyeceği
düşüncesini eleştirmiş ve çeşitli argümanlarla bunun imkanını ispatlamaya
çalışmıştır. Konuyla ilgili olarak ele alınan diğer bir önemli husus ta, nas
üzerine yapılan ziyade meselesidir. Debûsî, konuya özel bir önem vermiş ve nas
üzerine yapılan ziyadenin nesih olduğu yaklaşımını savunan hakim Hanefî
düşüncesini güçlü delillerle savunmuştur.
Evaluation of Twenty Four Discriminant Indices for Differentiating Beta-Thalassemia Trait from Iron Deficiency Anemia in Egyptians
Authors: Abdelmalik Pessar Shaimaa
Published: June 2019

Background: Many Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices have been developed based on mathematical formulae to discriminate beta-thalassemia trait (βTT) from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The latter two conditions represent the most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in Egypt. This study aimed To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of 24 published discriminant indices for differentiating βTT from IDA in Egyptians.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study included a total of 166 subjects (108 IDA & 58 βTT) aged 1-18 years were recruited from Hematology laboratory of  Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. A full diagnostic algorithm was performed using complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), iron profile and PCR detection of 22 mutations common for βTT. Twenty-four formulas were applied and their performance characteristics were calculated for each index.
Results: The highest accuracy (True positive + True negative/ All cases) & Youden's Index (Sensitivity+Specificity-100) were for Red Cell Distribution Width (RDWI) and Hameed index closely followed by Keikhaei index while the least performance was for RDW-SD, RDW-CV and Shine & Lal indices.
Conclusion The superiority of an index over another in distinguishing βTT from IDA allowed only partially better selection of cases warranting further confirmatory molecular studies. None of the studied formulae provided a surrogate test for Hb electrophoresis as mass screening.
Desigualdades en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Mesa Suárez Mariela Andrea
Published: June 2019

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una re­flexión respecto a la desigualdad en América Latina y el Caribe, de esta manera se hacen abstracciones en tres dimensiones: la región frente a otras latitudes, diferencias entre países de la zona e introspección al interior de aque­llos países más desiguales. Para ello se acude a los indicadores sociales y de desarrollo.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПОЧВ СУБАРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ НА ЭТАПЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ОСВОЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ
Authors: Чистякова Нелли Фёдоровна , Гайнуллина Ирина Николаевна
Published: June 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью экологического контроля за изменениями почв субарктической зоны Тюменской области на этапе разработки месторождений углеводородного сырья в современных условиях превращения региона в стратегическую ресурсную базу России. Цель: оценка трансформации физического состояния и химического состава почв субарктической зоны Тюменской области под влиянием природных условий и техногенной нагрузки. Методы: ландшафтно-геохимический и статистический, почвенно-геохимические исследования, методы определения химического состава органических и неорганических загрязнителей почв, дешифрирование космоснимков. Результаты. Показано, что под влиянием техногенной нагрузки, начало которой было положено в 1972 г., наиболее устойчивыми к физической трансформации являются синлитогенные почвы пойм, а наименее устойчивыми – постлитогенные почвы, подзолы. Индикатором физической устойчивости почв следует считать структуру почв, определяемую особенностями их образования и преобразования. Химической трансформации (по тяжелым металлам) наиболее подвержены подзолы, а наименее – почвы пойм и органогенные почвы; по органическому веществу – почвы пойм и органогенные почвы соответственно. Индикатор химической устойчивости почв – их способность накапливать, перемещать, отдавать и преобразовывать неорганические и органические загрязнители. Площадь физически трансформированных почв данного участка на этапе промышленного освоения территории, продолжающегося с 1972 г., возросла с 10,734 км2 (2008 г.) до 11,705 км2 (2012 г.).
ЛИДАР ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОЗОНА В АТМОСФЕРЕ
Authors: Долгий Сергей Иванович , Невзоров Алексей Алексеевич , Невзоров Алексей Викторович , Романовский Олег Анатольевич , Харченко Ольга Викторовна
Published: June 2019

Одним из основных климатообразующих факторов с точки зрения радиационного баланса атмосферы являются парниковые газы, прежде всего озон и газовые составляющие озоновых циклов. В настоящее время оперативную информацию об их вертикальном распределении в атмосфере можно получать только с использованием средств дистанционного зондирования, в том числе лазерного зондирования (лидаров), что определяет актуальность и научную значимость данной научной и технической проблемы. Цель: разработка лидара для исследований вертикального распределения озона в верхней тропосфере–стратосфере в высотном диапазоне ~ (5–45) км на длинах волн 299/341 и 308/353 нм в сопоставлении со спутниковыми измерениями. Методы: метод дифференциального поглощения и рассеяния. Результаты. Представлен лидар для измерения вертикального распределения озона над городом Томск (56,5 с.ш.; 85,0 в.д.). Лидарное зондирование озона производилось на парах длин волн 299/341 и 308/353 нм. Используемые длины волн позволяют проводить мониторинг вертикальной стратификации озона в пределах верхней тропосферы–стратосферы. Результаты лидарного зондирования озона по данным января 2018 г. приведены в сравнении с данными спутников IASI/MetOp и AURA, a также с среднеширотной моделью Крюгера. Отличие лидарных профилей озона от модельных является естественными для динамики озонового слоя в различные дни наблюдений. Большие различия вертикального распределения озона в значениях по данным лидара и спутника MetOp на высотах стратосферы объясняются необходимостью коррекции априорной модели в алгоритме восстановления спутниковых данных. Вывод. Создан лидар для измерения озоновых профилей в верхней тропосфере–стратосфере. Он позволяет восстанавливать вертикальное распределение озона в высотном диапазоне ~ (5–45) км на длинах волн 299/341 и 308/353 нм.