bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The glymphatic system clears amyloid beta and tau from brain to plasma in humans
Authors: Iliff Jeffrey J. , Elbert Donald L. , Giovangrandi Laurent , Singh Tarandeep , Venkatesh Venky V. , Corbellini Alejandro , Kaplan Robert M. , Ludington Elizabeth , Yarasheski Kevin , Lowenkron Jeffrey , VandeWeerd Carla , Lim Miranda M. , Dagum Paul
Published: August 2024

Poor sleep is implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and cognitive impairment. The glymphatic system has been proposed as a link between sleep disruption and AD, and in animal models glymphatic impairment is sufficient to drive the development of AD pathology. It remains unknown whether the glymphatic system clears amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau from the brain in humans. In a multi-site randomized crossover clinical trial (N=39), participants underwent overnight in-laboratory conditions of normal sleep and sleep deprivation following instrumentation that included a novel device to measure brain parenchymal resistance to glymphatic flow (RP) by transcranial multifrequency impedance spectroscopy and sleep electroencephalography (EEG). This study directly tested the hypothesis that sleep-active glymphatic clearance increases morning plasma AD biomarker levels. The primary outcomes were the change in plasma levels of AD biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, np-tau181, np-tau217 and p-tau181) from evening to morning predicted by RP, sleep EEG features, and heart rate. We found that changes in RP, heart rate and EEG delta power predicted changes in Aβ42 (p<0.001), np-tau181 (p=0.002), np-tau217 (p<0.001) and p-tau181 (p<0.001). The predicted changes replicated those from a multicompartment model based on published data on Aβ and tau efflux from brain to plasma. Our findings show that elements of sleep-active physiology, in particular decreased brain parenchymal resistance, facilitates the clearance of AD biomarkers to plasma, supporting a role for glymphatic clearance in these processes, and suggesting the enhancement of glymphatic function as a therapeutic target to reduce the development and progression of AD pathology in at-risk populations.
JM-20 administration to animals with lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway induced by 6-hydroxydopamine, partially reverses motor damage and oxidative stress
Authors: Fonseca-Fonseca Luis Arturo , Taño Portuondo Laura Reina , Ramírez-Sánchez Jeney , Pavón Fuentes Nancy , Mondelo Rodríguez Abel , Amaral da Silva Víctor Diogenes , Lima Costa Silvia , Núñez-Figueredo Yanier
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have shown that JM-20, a new chemical hybrid molecule, protects against rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity. Also, we demonstrated that JM-20 blocks the formation of toxic alpha-synuclein aggregated species and aminochrome cytotoxicity. The present study sought to determine the neuroprotective property of JM-20 in animals with a partial lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Forin vivostudies, adult male Wistar rats were lesioned in the rightsubstantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) with 6-OHDA administration. Fifteen days after surgery, the animals asymmetry levels were assessed. Those with asymmetry values higher than 50% were divided into two groups: animals that did not receive any treatment and those that were administered with JM-20 (40 mg/kg, intragastric via gavage) for 27 days. Every seven days, the asymmetry values of the animals were analyzed until day 42 after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and the SNpc and striatum were taken out for the analysis of oxidative stress. Our results reveal a behavioral function progressively recovered in the JM-20-treated animals, diminishing the percentage of motor asymmetry. Also, it improves some oxidative stress markers in the SNpc and the striatum of these animals. Our study provides the preclinical evidence to support the long-term neuroprotective potential of JM-20 in 6-OHDA hemiparkinson rat model, pointing out to its possible use as a disease-modifying agent in PD.
Experience instructs the refinement of feature-selectivity in the mouse primary visual thalamus
Authors: Sonoda Takuma , Stephany Céleste-Élise , Kelley Kaleb , Kang Di , Wu Rui , Uzgare Meghna R. , Fagiolini Michela , Greenberg Michael E. , Chen Chinfei
Published: August 2024

Neurons exhibit selectivity for specific features: a property essential for extracting and encoding relevant information in the environment. This feature-selectivity is thought to be modifiable by experience at the level of the cortex. Here, we demonstrate that selective exposure to a feature during development can instruct the population representation for that feature in the primary visual thalamus. This thalamic plasticity is not simply inherited from the cortex because it is still observed when recordings were performed in the absence of cortical feedback. Moreover, plasticity is blocked in mutant mice that exhibit deficits in retinogeniculate refinement, indicating that alterations in feature-selectivity are a direct result of changes in feedforward connectivity. These experience-dependent changes persist into older ages—highlighting the importance of this developmental period in shaping population coding in the thalamus. Our results show that salient environmental features are hard-wired into thalamic circuits during a discrete developmental window.
Overwriting an instinct: visual cortex instructs learning to suppress fear responses
Authors: Mederos Sara , Vissers Nicole , Blakely Patricia , Clopath Claudia , Hofer Sonja B
Published: August 2024

Fast instinctive responses to environmental stimuli can be crucial for survival, but are not always optimal. Based on prior experience, animals can thus adapt their behavior and suppress instinctive reactions. However, the neural pathways mediating such ethologically relevant forms of learning remain unclear. We show that posterolateral higher visual areas (plHVAs) are crucial for learning to suppress escapes from innate visual threats through a top-down pathway involving the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN). plHVAs are no longer necessary after learning: instead, the learnt behavior relies on plasticity within vLGN populations that exert inhibitory control over fear responses. vLGN neurons receiving input from plHVAs enhance their responses to visual threat stimuli during learning through endocannabinoid-mediated long-term suppression of their inhibitory inputs. We thus reveal the detailed circuit, cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying experience-dependent suppression of fear responses through a novel corticofugal pathway.
The Computational Auditory Signal Processing and Perception Model (CASP): A Revised Version
Authors: Paulick Lily Cassandra , Relaño-Iborra Helia , Dau Torsten
Published: August 2024

This study introduces a revised version of the computational auditory signal processing and perception (CASP) model (Jepsenet al., 2008), which has undergone substantial updates and refinements aimed at enhancing its accuracy and usability across various applications. A primary motivation for the revision was the integration of a more realistic non-linear inner hair cell (IHC) model to address the limitations of its more simplistic predecessor. Demonstrating backwards compatibility, the revised model exhibited similar predictive power to previous CASP implementations across conditions of intensity discrimination, simultaneous and forward masking, and modulation detection, effectively accounting for data from normal-hearing listeners. Additionally, improved decision-making strategies and a streamlined model configuration further enhance the model’s usability and accessibility. Overall, the revised CASP offers a more accurate and intuitive framework for simulating auditory processing and perception across diverse conditions and tasks. The revised model may be a useful tool in studying the influence of the ear’s nonlinear response properties on internal representations, particularly concerning the effects of sensorineural hearing loss on auditory perception.
Long axial-range double-helix point spread functions for 3D volumetric super-resolution imaging
Authors: Nakatani Yuya , Gaumer Scott , Shechtman Yoav , Gustavsson Anna-Karin
Published: August 2024

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a powerful tool for observing structures beyond the diffraction limit of light. Combining SMLM with engineered point spread functions (PSFs) enables 3D imaging over an extended axial range, as has been demonstrated for super-resolution imaging of various cellular structures. However, super-resolving structures in 3D in thick samples, such as whole mammalian cells, remains challenging as it typically requires acquisition and post-processing stitching of multiple slices to cover the entire sample volume or more complex analysis of the data. Here, we demonstrate how the imaging and analysis workflows can be simplified by 3D single-molecule super-resolution imaging with long axial-range double-helix (DH)-PSFs. First, we experimentally benchmark the localization precisions of short- and long axial-range DH-PSFs at different signal-to-background ratios by imaging of fluorescent beads. The performance of the DH-PSFs in terms of achievable resolution and imaging speed was then quantified for 3D single-molecule super-resolution imaging of mammalian cells by DNA-PAINT imaging of the nuclear lamina protein lamin B1 in U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the use of a deep learning-based algorithm allows the localization of dense emitters, drastically improving the achievable imaging speed and resolution. Our data demonstrate that using long axial-range DH-PSFs offers stitching-free, 3D super-resolution imaging of whole mammalian cells, simplifying the experimental and analysis procedures for obtaining volumetric nanoscale structural information.
Self-association enhances early attentional selection through automatic prioritization of socially salient signals
Authors: Scheller Meike , Tünnermann Jan , Fredriksson Katja , Fang Huilin , Sui Jie
Published: August 2024

Efficiently processing self-related information is critical for cognition, yet the earliest mechanisms enabling this self-prioritization remain unclear. By combining a temporal order judgement task with computational modelling based on the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), we show how mere, arbitrary associations with the self can fundamentally alter attentional selection of sensory information into short-term memory/awareness, by enhancing the attentional weights and processing capacity devoted to encoding socially loaded information. This self-prioritization in attentional selection occurs automatically at early perceptual stages but reduces when active social decoding is required. Importantly, the processing benefits obtained from attentional selection via self-relatedness and via physical salience were additive, suggesting that social and perceptual salience captured attention via separate mechanisms. Furthermore, intra-individual correlations revealed an ‘obligatory’ self-prioritization effect, whereby self-relatedness overpowered the contribution of perceptual salience in guiding attentional selection. Together, our findings provide evidence for the influence of self-relatedness during earlier, automatic stages of attentional section at the gateway to perception, distinct from later post-attentive processing stages.
Encephalomyocarditis virus protein 2B* antagonises innate immune signalling by interacting with 14-3-3 protein family members
Authors: Nguyen Samantha K. , Holmes Stephen , Barrow Henry G. , Lukhovitskaya Nina , Jahun Aminu S. , Georgana Iliana , Caller Laura G. , Edgar James R. , Emmott Edward , Firth Andrew E. , Stewart Hazel
Published: August 2024

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) has for decades served as an important model RNA virus. Although most of the EMCV proteins are obtained via proteolytic cleavage of a long polyprotein, 2B* is expressed from a short overlapping open reading frame via an unusual protein-stimulated temporally dependent ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. The function of 2B* has not yet been characterised, though mutant viruses that are unable to express 2B* have a small plaque phenotype. Here we show that 2B* binds all seven members of the 14-3-3 protein family during virus infection. Binding is dependent on the 2B* C-terminal sequence RRNSS. IFN-β and IL-6 signalling are impeded following overexpression of 2B* but not a truncated version lacking the RRNSS residues, thus suggesting a 14-3-3-dependent role for 2B* in inhibiting MAVS signalling. We also find that this function is distinct from the effect of 2B* on plaque size, as a virus in which 2B* was similarly truncated exhibited near-wildtype plaque size, thus indicating that 2B* also harbours additional functions. This work provides the first identification of a role of 2B* in innate immune antagonism and expands our knowledge of the protein complement of this important model virus.

IMPORTANCE

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infects a range of species, causing economically important reproductive disorders in pigs and encephalitis and myocarditis in rodents. Due to its wide host range, it is an important model pathogen for investigating virus-host interactions. EMCV expresses an accessory protein, 2B*, from an overlapping open reading frame via an unusual ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. Although the frameshifting mechanism has been established, the function of the 2B* protein had not previously been explored. Here, we determined the host proteins to which 2B* binds and found that it specifically binds to the entire 14-3-3 protein family which, among other roles, contribute to the innate immune response to viral infection in mammalian cells. This interaction requires a specific stretch of amino acids at the end of 2B*. By interacting with the 14-3-3 proteins, 2B* blocks immune response activation. Thus, 2B* is a novel antagonist of innate immunity.
TET proteins regulate Drosha expression and impact microRNAs in iNKT cells
Authors: Gioulbasani Marianthi , Aijo Tarmo , Valenzuela Jair Ernesto , Buquera Bettes Julia , Tsagaratou Ageliki
Published: August 2024

DNA demethylases TET2 and TET3 play a fundamental role in thymic invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell differentiation by mediating DNA demethylation of genes encoding for lineage specifying factors. Paradoxically, differential gene expression analysis revealed that significant number of genes were upregulated upon TET2 and TET3 loss in iNKT cells. This unexpected finding could be potentially explained if loss of TET proteins was reducing the expression of proteins that suppress gene expression. In this study, we discover that TET2 and TET3 synergistically regulate Drosha expression, by generating 5hmC across the gene body and by impacting chromatin accessibility. As DROSHA is involved in microRNA biogenesis, we proceed to investigate the impact of TET2/3 loss on microRNAs in iNKT cells. We report that among the downregulated microRNAs are members of the Let-7 family that downregulate in vivo the expression of the iNKT cell lineage specifying factor PLZF. Our data link TET proteins with microRNA expression and reveal an additional layer of TET mediated regulation of gene expression.
A novel hybrid Wireless Integrated Sensing Detector for simultaneous EEG and MRI (WISDEM)
Authors: Chen Yi , Qian Wei , Razansky Daniel , Yu Xin , Qian Chunqi
Published: August 2024

Concurrent recording of EEG/fMRI signals reveals cross-scale neurovascular dynamics that are crucial for elucidating fundamental linkage between function and behaviors. However, MRI scanners generate tremendous artifacts for EEG detection. Despite existing denoising methods, cabled connections to EEG receivers are susceptible to environmental fluctuations inside MRI scanners, creating baseline drifts that complicate EEG signal retrieval from the noisy background. Here, a Wireless Integrated Sensing Detector for simultaneous EEG and MRI (WISDEM) is developed to encode fMRI and EEG signals on distinct sidebands of the detector oscillation carrier wave for detection by a standard MRI console over the entire duration of fMRI sequence. Local field potential (LFP) and fMRI maps are retrieved through low-pass and high-pass filtering of frequency-demodulate signals. From optogenetically-stimulated somatosensory cortex, the positive correlation between evoked LFP and fMRI signals validates strong neurovascular coupling, enabling cross-scale brain mapping with this 2-in-1 transducer as a research and diagnostic tool.
Motor sequence learning elicits mu peak-specific corticospinal plasticity
Authors: Suresh Tharan , Iwane Fumiaki , Zhang Minsu , McElmurry Margaret , Manesiya Muskan , Freedberg Michael V , Hussain Sara J
Published: August 2024

Motor cortical (M1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions increase corticospinal output and improve motor learning when delivered during sensorimotor mu rhythm trough but not peak phases, suggesting that the mechanisms supporting motor learning may be most active during mu trough phases. Based on these findings, we predicted that motor sequence learning-related corticospinal plasticity would be most evident when measured during mu trough phases. Healthy adults were assigned to either a sequence or no-sequence group. Participants in the sequence group practiced the implicit serial reaction time task (SRTT), which contained an embedded, repeating 12-item sequence. Participants in the no-sequence group practiced a version of the SRTT that contained no sequence. We measured mu phase-independent and mu phase-dependent MEP amplitudes using EEG-informed single-pulse TMS before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the SRTT in both groups. All participants performed a retention test one hour after SRTT acquisition. In both groups, mu phase-independent MEP amplitudes increased following SRTT acquisition, but the pattern of mu phase-dependent MEP amplitude changes after SRTT acquisition differed between groups. Relative to the no-sequence group, the sequence group showed greater peak-specific MEP amplitude increases 30 minutes after SRTT acquisition. Further, the magnitude of these peak-specific MEP amplitude increases was negatively associated with the magnitude of sequence-specific learning. Contrary to our original hypothesis, results revealed that motor sequence-specific learning elicits peak-specific corticospinal plasticity. Findings provide first direct evidence for the presence of a mu phase-dependent motor learning mechanism in the human brain.

New and Noteworthy

Recent work suggests that motor learning’s neural mechanisms may be most active during specific sensorimotor mu rhythm phases. If so, motor sequence learning-induced corticospinal plasticity should be more evident during some mu phases than others. Our results show that motor sequence-specific learning elicits corticospinal plasticity that is most prominent during mu peak phases. Further, this peak-specific plasticity correlates with learning. Findings establish the presence of a mu phase-dependent motor learning mechanism in the human brain.
Discrete protein condensation events govern calcium signal dynamics in T cells
Authors: Morita Shumpei , O’Dair Mark K. , Groves Jay T.
Published: August 2024

Calcium level variations, which occur downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, are an essential aspect of T cell antigen recognition. Although coordinated ion channel activities are known to drive calcium oscillations in other cell types, observations of nonperiodic and heterogeneous calcium patterns in T cells are inconsistent with this mechanism. Here, we track the complete ensemble of individual molecular peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) binding events to TCR, while simultaneously imaging LAT condensation events and calcium level. Individual LAT condensates induce a rapid and additive calcium response, which quickly attenuates upon condensate dissolution. No evidence of cooperativity between LAT condensates or oscillatory calcium response was detected. These results reveal stochastic LAT protein condensation events as a primary driver of calcium signal dynamics in T cells.

One-Sentence Summary

Ca2+fluctuations in T cells reflect stochastic protein condensation events triggered by single molecular antigen-TCR binding.
Laminin 111 triggers cell quiescence and long-term survival by inducing IQGAP1-mediated cytosolic scaffolding of ERK and BAD inactivation
Authors: Yu Chunhong , Malijauskaite Sigita , Hinze Claudia , Franzoni Marco , Hickey Séamus , Marcar Lynnette , Peak-Chew Sew Yeu , Cryar Adam , Bain Charlie , Marsden Jane , Allardyce Joanna M. , Mendes-Pereira Ana Maria , McMahon Harvey T. , Thalassinos Konstantinos , McGourty Kieran , Boucrot Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

In an adult human body, only a minority (∼1%) of cells are dividing; all others are either quiescent, senescent or terminally differentiated. Cellular quiescence, also called G0, is a reversible non-proliferative state in which cells, such as adult stem cells, exist until stimuli trigger their re-entry into the cell cycle. Quiescent cells are known to reside within microenvironment niches of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, but the molecular mechanisms that control their entry and maintenance into G0 and their long-term survival are poorly understood. Here, using a reproducible and homogenousin vitromodel of quiescence,ex vivotissue histology, phosphoproteomics, and molecular cell biological assays, we revealed that Laminin 111 was sufficient to trigger i) reversible cell cycle exit into G0; ii) sustained and elevated MAPK/ERK signaling; and iii) long-term survival. We found that ERK was activated through the Rap1-BRAF-MEK arm underneath Laminin-binding Integrin α3β1. Activated pERK was scaffolded into the cytoplasm by IQGAP1, thereby blocking its translocation into the nucleus and the activation of proliferative transcription factors. Instead, cytoplasmic pERK inhibited pro-apoptotic protein BAD, which mediated the survival of quiescent cells even in absence of mitogen stimuli. Importantly, we confirmed that pERK was elevated and retained in the cytoplasm of Lgr5+stem cells when they were located within Laminin α1-positive niches in porcine intestine. These findings uncovered a molecular mechanism that may explain how quiescent cell pools, such as dormant adult stem cells, can survive many years despite low mitogen stimuli and be resistant to apoptotic challenges, including chemotherapy.

HIGHLIGHTS

Laminin 111 is sufficient to induce cellular quiescence (G0) and long-term survival.

Laminin 111 triggers the sustained and elevated activation of ERK during G0.

ERK is activated not by growth factor receptors but through the Rap1-BRAF-MEK arm underneath Laminin-binding Integrin α3β1.

Active, phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is scaffolded by IQGAP1, which prevents it from translocating into the nucleus and activating proliferative transcription factors.

Instead, cytoplasmic pERK mediates the phosphorylation, and thus inhibition, of BAD, thereby raising the threshold at which G0 cells enter apoptosis.
The impact of R&D classification shifting in high-technology industries
Authors: Qiao Nika
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the motivations and consequences of classification shifting from cost of sales to research and development (R&D) in high-technology industries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a multivariate analysis using logistic and ordinary least squares regression methods on panel data of high-technology firms for the period 1988–2012 to examine the effect of R&D classification shifting on gross margin benchmarks and future performance.

Findings

The results show that R&D classification shifting increases the likelihood of meeting or beating gross margin benchmarks. They also show that firms engaged in R&D classification shifting exhibit lower future R&D productivity, stock returns, and operating performance. The findings indicate that the short-term benefits of achieving gross margin benchmarks are offset by the long-term negative impact of R&D misclassification.

Practical implications

This paper provides insights that can help regulators develop clearer guidelines for the appropriate classification of R&D costs.

Originality/value

Moving beyond the core earnings management paradigm, this study demonstrates the use of R&D classification shifting as a tool to manipulate gross profits and R&D in high-technology industries. Most prior studies focused on the determinants of R&D classification shifting, while few investigated the impact of the practice. The findings in this study provide initial evidence of the consequences of R&D classification shifting for future R&D productivity and firm performance in high-tech industries. Using five methods, this study also validates R&D classification shifting and addresses the alternative explanation of R&D overinvestment.
Amigos de la Hoja de Coca: history of a pioneering coca leaf fair-trade
Authors: Ghehiouèche Farid , Riboulet-Zemouli Kenzi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The leaves of the Erythroxylum “coca” plant are a well-known food, beverage, and nutraceutical in their native Andean region. A decade ago, the European non-profit “Amigos de la Hoja de Coca” (Friends of the Coca Leaf) operated a short-lived fair-trade in raw coca leaves between Bolivia and the European Union. The chronicles of this initiative can be insightful, as interest in natural, wellness, and self-care products continues rising in Europe.

Design/methodology/approach

Historical review of the inception, and documentation of the organisation of the scheme and its outcome, via all primary sources available.

Findings

From the 1990s to the early 2010s, civil society groups organised several campaigns to normalise coca leaf in Europe, finding echo at the European Parliament, culminating in 2012-2013 when a periodical distribution system was set-up: growers in Bolivia shipped 150 g. coca leaf packets directly to Friends of the Coca Leaf members in Europe. Initially, most parcels reached their recipients without issue but after technical hurdles and reduced political support, the scheme was eventually discontinued.

Originality/value

European civil society campaigns surrounding coca have been poorly documented. Historically, Friends of the Coca Leaf emerged alongside Cannabis social clubs, but only the latter has prospered. While Friends of Coca Leaf was short-lived, its political outcomes (both at the institutional level and via a fair and do-it-yourself trade initiative) may prove inspirational to current drug policy reform discussions.
A review on American senior housing and financing decisions
Authors: He Wei , Gao Wenqing , Jia Shaomeng
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The world population is getting older and housing decisions matter to the security of retirement life and well-being. However, senior housing and financing decisions are largely overlooked in the literature. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the senior housing and financing decisions in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

Using 2021 American Housing Survey data and ordinary least squares estimates, this paper studies senior housing and financing decisions in the 15 most populous US metropolitan areas. Multiple regressions are used to analyze the whole sample as well as various subsamples.

Findings

This paper finds strong evidence that seniors are more likely to own a house with a higher market value compared with nonseniors. More specifically, although race and gender do not matter in this relationship, it is less pronounced among those with higher education. Also, seniors, especially white senior homeowners, are more likely to have a lower mortgage debt burden due to a higher upfront down payment than nonseniors. Last, seniors are more likely to refinance their homes and receive cash than nonseniors.

Research limitations/implications

Constrained by the data limitations, this study specifically focuses on seniors’ housing and mortgage decisions. Future research could involve exploring seniors’ mortgage decisions by considering factors such as mortgage loan terms, borrower credentials and the evolving landscape of the senior housing market, among other aspects.

Practical implications

The findings would help policymakers and contractors in the construction industry better understand the uniqueness of challenges in the senior housing market and develop effective housing policies and programs that cater to the needs of the elderly. A comprehensive understanding of the senior housing market would also help seniors make informed purchase and financing decisions.

Social implications

The authors propose providing financial education to the elderly, particularly those of disadvantaged status, to improve their expertise and bargaining skills in the mortgage loan application process.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to understanding the dynamic senior housing market, which encounters challenges and opportunities associated with the aging population. The study fills the gap of limited research regarding seniors’ housing decision and their financing choices in the USA and would help policymakers and contractors in the construction industry develop effective housing policies and programs that cater to the needs of the elderly.
Housing finance inaccessibility for Saudi Arabia’s low-income employees: are housing-related sustainable development goals 2030 under threat?
Authors: Alharbi Raed Khamis
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In developing countries, including achieving Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA) Vision 2030, housing loans for low-income employees are challenging and may thwart housing-related sustainable development goals (SDGs). Studies investigating housing finance inaccessibility for KSA Vision 2030 low-income earners and its impact on achieving housing-related SDGs are scarce. Hence, this study aims to investigate KSA housing financial inaccessibility and its effect on housing-related SDGs. Also, it offered suggestions for achieving housing provision in Vision 2030 and, by extension, improving housing-related SDGs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a virtual interview approach and covered Alqassim, Riyadh and Medina. The researcher engaged 24 participants who were knowledgeable about KSA’s housing finance and SDGs. They include selected low-income earners, academicians, financial operators and government ministries/departments/agencies. The study manually analysed the collated data through a thematic approach and presented the main themes.

Findings

Findings reveal that KSA’s low-income earners’ housing finance inaccessibility threatens Vision 2030 and housing-related SDGs. Inadequate funding of the Real Estate Development Fund, inability to make down payment, absence of collateral, insufficient household income and failure to recover the loan and associated charges from the auction were perceived major issues contributing to low-income earners’ house-loan rejection and recommended measures to improve achieving housing-related SDGs.

Originality/value

The study investigated the factors contributing to low-income earners’ housing loan rejection and its impact on achieving KSA’s Vision 2030 and housing-related SDGs from the participants’ perspective. The findings reveal that low-income earners’ housing finance accessibility has been compounded by the slow recovery from the post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Crisis volunteering during COVID-19 pandemic in India: youth responds to health and human rights crisis
Authors: Shashwati Sudha , Sarin Sanjana , Jain Umang , Singh Sanna
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the experiences of individuals in India who acted as informal crisis volunteers during the peak of the deadliest wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory, qualitative design was used, and data gathered via a qualitative survey in three focus areas, namely, motivation, challenges and coping mechanisms. The sample (n = 112) comprised individuals (mean age = 21.89 years) whose volunteering efforts during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were extended as part of volunteer groups or individually, online or offline, for minimum of 10 consecutive days to four months. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis (Mayring, 2000) were used to analyze the data.

Findings

Most of the participants reported being inspired by social media activism to become crisis volunteers themselves. They also spoke of several human rights violations unfolding around them, namely, people denied right to health (availability and accessibility), rampant discrimination of various kinds and other systemic failures in crisis response by government bodies. Several reported undergoing extreme mental duress during the process, experiencing or witnessing harassment and dealing with corruption. A sense of collective identity and opportunities to engage in collective sense making and collective catharsis with fellow volunteers were reported as the most helpful coping mechanism.

Originality/value

Very little is known about the experience of informal crisis volunteers who assisted the public health system in India in various capacities during the pandemic. This paper explores those experiences, sheds light on various human rights violations that took place during the time and provides a glimpse into the potential of technology and social media in organized altruistic efforts.
How curiosity affects contextual performance: an emotional daily dynamics perspective
Authors: Junça Silva Ana , Caetano António
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This research relied on the broaden-and-build (B&B) theory to explore emotional predictors for curiosity-related differences in daily engagement and contextual performance. We tested a moderated mediation model, arguing that daily positive emotions would be related to daily work engagement and contextual performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 586 participants participated in a five-day diary study (n = 2379).

Findings

Multi-level modeling showed that, at the person level of analysis, daily positive emotions were significantly and positively related to daily work engagement and, in turn, daily performance. At the daily level of analysis, the mediation model was moderated by curiosity, such that it became stronger for individuals who scored higher on curiosity.

Originality/value

These findings make relevant theoretical contributions to understanding the power of curiosity for daily emotional dynamics in organizations. Compared to traditional between-person variables, these results also expand knowledge on within-person processes that explain daily work engagement and contextual performance. In sum, this study shows that “curiosity does not kill the cat”; instead, it makes it productive.
Caries and periodontal health status of male inmates: a retrospective study conducted in a French prison
Authors: Ancely Astrid , Laurencin-Dalicieux Sara , Baussois Catherine , Blanc Anthony , Nabet Cathy , Thomas Charlotte , Fournier Géromine
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe the oral health status of inmates. The secondary aims were to compare recidivists with first-time offenders and also study the impact of psychoactive drugs on the oral health status.

Design/methodology/approach

This retrospective study included 120 male inmates from a French prison. Data from the medical and the dental questionnaires and examinations were collected and analyzed.

Findings

The results showed that overall, the inmates had a poor oral health despite their young age. This population was at high risk regarding caries and periodontal diseases due to sedentary behaviors, improper diet, drug, alcohol and tobacco consumption. In total, 93% of inmates had at least one decayed untreated tooth and 95% had periodontal disease. The use of psychoactive drugs seemed strongly related to oral health status degradation. However, the comparison between recidivists and first-time offenders showed few differences.

Practical implications

The need for periodontal and dental care is considerable in this population and increased in this environment where risk factors such as addictive behaviors and poor eating habits are common. The impact of psychoactive drugs on oral health should also be taken into consideration.

Social implications

Unfortunately, even though strategies for the prevention and management of oral health in prisons have been put in place for some years, the results still seem insufficient.

Originality/value

There are still few studies that analyze the impact of this medication on oral health in prisons.
In-store augmented reality design: fashion retail’s perspectives
Authors: Xue Liangchao , Parker Christopher J. , Hart Cathy
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Fashion retail has faced immense changes in the rapid development of e-commerce, creating significant uncertainty about physical stores’ future. To improve the consumer shopping experience and increase sales revenue for fashion retailers, this paper investigates how Augmented Reality (AR) can be implemented within high-street fashion retail by exploring leading UK retailers’ reactions to pragmatic future scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted qualitative research through 13 interviews – eight retail staff from high-street and high-end markets and five AR/UX designers regarding their insights into how AR can enhance consumer engagement at each market level.

Findings

The results showed that the fashion retail market is ill-prepared to use AR. AR could help high-street brands offer a seamless shopping experience for consumers by prioritising the functional purpose but exciting AR animation. This would offer consumers an efficient and enjoyable shopping experience. While implementing AR, high-end stores should tell stories through hedonic engagement, letting consumers efficiently engage with brand messages, since building an AR ecosystem is cheaper than creating the story flow physically.

Originality/value

The study devises 16 retailer-supported guidelines for designing AR for Fashion Retail levels to guide innovators and retailers.
Defining and cultivating creative citizenship in northern Thailand: enhancing urban livability through sustainable tourism
Authors: Srichai Pachernwaat , Thapatiwong Archabaramee , Tistueng Kingkaew
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This qualitative investigation is one of a series of sub-investigations under an umbrella project to develop Lampang Creative Livable Tourist City. The aim of this paper is to explore the integration of sustainable tourism into the development of Lampang, a city in northern Thailand. By collaborating with government and private agencies, academics, community leaders and the people of Lampang to reskill and upskill core community groups in the city, the researchers hope to enhance active citizenship, develop relevant skills and foster leadership networks that boost Lampang’s appeal as a sustainable tourism destination.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered from brainstorming meetings, focus group discussions, observations and in-depth interviews. After identifying key characteristics required for creative citizens of Lampang city, the researchers developed and implemented pilot curricula with five target groups. Activities were developed to nurture creative leaders and promote innovative use of traditional culture and lifestyle.

Findings

The findings revealed that targeted local curricula can harness the cultural capital of the local community and equip locals with a modern toolkit to lay the foundations for a creative, livable tourist city.

Originality/value

This study’s originality lies in its grassroots approach to defining creative citizenship. It captures local community perspectives on what constitutes a creative citizen. Moreover, this research demonstrates how custom-designed educational initiatives can effectively nurture a creative and resilient urban ecosystem. This offers a blueprint for culturally informed urban regeneration, highlighting the role of sustainable tourism in enhancing the city’s attractiveness and livability for both residents and visitors.
Applying protection motivation theory to examine tourist’s pro-environmental behaviour: case study of Lahijan, Iran
Authors: Hosseinikhah Choshaly Sahar
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the pro-environmental behavior of tourists in one of the northern cities of Iran, Lahijan, by applying the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of a total of 180 tourists who had traveled to Lahijan city in Guilan province. Data is analyzed using descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using Smart PLS 3.0.

Findings

The results confirm the importance of PMT in explaining the pro-environmental behavior of tourists. The findings of this study show the significant relationship between vulnerability, severity, self-efficacy, response efficacy, response cost and maladaptive perception with tourist’s pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, rewards are not related to pro-environmental behavior.

Practical implications

This study provides a better understanding of how to motivate tourists toward pro-environmental behavior. It also contributes to reinforcing PMT by adding evidence from tourism research and delivers profiles for tourism providers.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the understanding of the predictors of pro-environmental behavior of tourists in Iran using a full PMT which encompasses three concepts of threats appraisal, coping appraisal and maladaptive perception.
Ecolabel persuasion effect across cultures: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Velasco Franklin , Itani Omar S. , Cajina Paul
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Companies around the world have included ecolabels as a marketing strategy to convince consumers to choose products with lower environmental impact. However, the literature lacks a consensus on the effectiveness of ecolabels in persuading consumers to choose green products. The present meta-analysis addresses this gap by first evaluating the net persuasion effect of using ecolabels and second by investigating the role of cultural orientations, operationalized at the country level, in this effect.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-cultural meta-analysis analyzed data from 26,116 consumers across 18 countries, encompassing 75 papers published between 1995 and 2023. Univariate and meta-regression analyses were utilized.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the presence (vs absence) of ecolabels has a medium positive persuasion effect. Findings show cultural orientations moderate the persuasion effect of ecolabels in that the effect is stronger in countries with high power distance, individualism, masculinity (motivation towards achievement and success) and uncertainty avoidance orientation, which create contingent conditions to ecolabels’ persuasion. In addition, results show other methodological factors that affect ecolabel persuasion. Contributions and implications of the findings are discussed.

Originality/value

This meta-analysis is distinctive for its global scope, including diverse countries and cultures. It addresses a crucial gap in ecolabel persuasion research, providing insights that reconcile discrepancies in existing studies. It offers practical implications for businesses and policymakers while laying the groundwork for future cross-cultural research in this field.
Legitimacy and anti-corruption disclosures: insights into the early effects of the European Non-Financial Reporting Directive
Authors: Landis Cristina , Paglietti Paola
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate corporate anti-corruption disclosure (ACD) strategies during the regulative debate surrounding the European Directive 2014/95/EU which for the first time regulated ACD in Europe. By using a legitimacy framework, it assesses whether companies improved proactively their voluntary ACD during the transposition phase to address potential regulatory changes. Moreover, it investigates how organizational and institutional factors influence companies’ reaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper hand-collected ACD data (quantity, scope, quality and transparency) from non-financial reports for the years 2010–2015 for a set of 56 (28 EU and 28 non-EU) companies (336 firm-years observations). The study applies difference-in-difference analysis to assess the effects of the debate. Moreover, it tests the association of ACD with organizational and institutional attributes.

Findings

The study shows that EU-companies are proactively changing their disclosures. The response is positively influenced by industry exposure to corruption-risks and by lower government corruption, while self-reported negative disclosure impacts negatively. Further, lower government corruption increases the effects of industry exposure to corruption-risks. However, the impacts vary with the disclosure metric.

Originality/value

Besides reinforcing legitimacy as a driving-force in shaping ACD during the transition phase to a regulated context, the paper integrates traditional legitimacy arguments with insights related to the institutional context. This contributes to improving the understanding of the empirical setting where the production of regulation occurs and can support future regulative processes.
Barriers and prospects for the adoption of blockchain technology in property valuation
Authors: Adilieme Chibuikem Michael , Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Lee Chyi Lin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Blockchain is an emerging digital technology proposed and trialled among different built environment professions. The technology has been proposed to introduce transparency, security and trust in property transactions. Despite this proposition, few studies have analysed the barriers and prospects in property valuation, especially in markets plagued by low transparency and a lack of stakeholder trust. Using Nigeria as a case study, this study assesses the barriers and prospects for adopting blockchain technology in property valuation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from 180 valuers practising in Nigeria through an online survey, and the data was analysed using mean score ranking and the chi-square (χ2) test of independence.

Findings

Firstly, there was a low awareness of the application of blockchain technology and an association between the number of valuation jobs executed annually and awareness of the application of blockchain technology. The most important barriers revolved around the knowledge, technical know-how of blockchain and the cost of implementing such technology. The prospects for blockchain are very high as all identified prospects were considered important, with transparency being the most crucial factor for its adoption, followed by the monitoring activities in real time and the permanence in storing records.

Research limitations/implications

This study's implications lie in the potential benefit of transparency identified for blockchain, which could act as a tool to introduce transparency into valuation industries that battle key issues surrounding transparency and trust. Furthermore, this study can be utilised by policymakers and property industry players in mapping strategies to adopt the beneficial use of blockchain as one among the suite of proptech tools disrupting the property valuation scene, in their practice. This also presents an opportunity to draw upon insights from this study to better prepare for using blockchain in property valuation.

Originality/value

This study appears to be the first to empirically assess barriers and prospects for blockchain in property valuation practice. It contributes to the literature by identifying key factors that will deter and/or promote the application of blockchain, an emerging and disruptive digital technology.