bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of the long‐term stratigraphic evolution of rifted margin basins: The GeoDyNamical Analysis approach applied to the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Laspatzis Sophie , Rouby Delphine , Rohais Sébastien , Nardin Élise
Published: December 2022

Models of the formation of rifted margins have significantly evolved over the last decades by identifying new styles of crustal thinning and magmatic production. However, the expression of these different processes in the depositional environments of the overlying basins remains to be determined. Using only published data, we integrated the sedimentary evolution of 21 basins of the Equatorial, Central and South segments of the South Atlantic that record various styles of crustal thinning and magmatic production. To compare these basins that underwent rifting at different times, we developed a new type of analysis allowing to evaluate statistically the (dis)similarities in depositional environment trends by normalizing them to the tectonic phases of the basin (syn‐rift, transition and post‐rift) rather than the stratigraphic or absolute ages: The GeoDyNamical Analysis. We show that the timing of the long‐term retrograding mega‐sequence driven by lithosphere thinning depends on the deformation style and magma production. Along oblique margins of the Equatorial Segment, deepening initiated during syn‐rift because their narrow crustal thinning style favours rapid tectonic subsidence surpassing sediment supply. Along wide margins of the Central Segment, deepening is initiated later, at the end of the transition phase, because depth‐dependent thinning favours slow tectonic subsidence and late break‐up. Along magma‐rich margins of the South Segment, deepening is initiated during the transition phase, after volcanics stopped filling accommodation created by subsidence. In the Central Segment, evaporites accumulated during the second half of the transition phase, when crustal thinning ceased in the proximal margin and migrated to its distal part. Immediately before and during evaporites accumulation, sediments recorded continental and coastal depositional environments resulting from the limited thermal subsidence in the proximal margin domain. Evaporite deposition lasted until the initiation of retrograding mega‐sequence, at the onset of the post‐rift phase and the end of crustal thinning in the distal margin.
Cyberbullying among adolescents in Turkey: the relationship between coping strategies and cyberbullying perpetration
Authors: Erbiçer Eyüp Sabır , Toprak Emre , Metin Ahmet
Published: December 2022

Background

Cyberbullying is becoming a global threat with the ease of access to the internet. Although many studies addressed the relationship between coping strategies and cyber victimization, the role of coping strategies, protective or risk factors, on involvement in cyberbullying perpetration is unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the effect of active, avoidant, and negative coping strategies and the sociodemographic variables (i.e., parents' education, gender, and family income) on cyberbullying perpetration behaviors.

Method

The study was conducted on 1032 adolescents (mean age = 16.01 years; range = 14–18 years), 608 (58.9%) were female, and 424 (41.1%) were male. Personal Information Form, Cyberbullying Scale, and Coping Scale for Adolescents (the KIDCOPE) were used in data collection. Multiple regression analysis was performed for data analysis.

Results

The study's findings revealed that active coping strategy (β = −.26, p < .001) was a protective factor for cyberbullying perpetration behaviors, whereas avoidant (β = .31, p < .001) and negative coping (β = .32, p < .001) strategies and the mother's education (β = .10, p < .001) were risk factors. However, the study results showed that gender (β = −.01, p > .05), family income (β = .03, p > .05), and the father's education (β = .01, p > .05) were not predicting factors of cyberbullying perpetration behaviors.

Conclusions

The results are discussed in light of the relevant literature and presented some theoretical and practical implications.
Adrenal incidentaloma: Do patients with apparently nonfunctioning mass or autonomous cortisol secretion have similar or different clinical and metabolic features?
Authors: Rebelo João Felipe Dickson , Costa Julia Magarão , Junqueira Fernanda Damasceno , Fonseca Adelmo de Oliveira , de Almeida Ana Beatriz Alcantara Bérenger Samarcos , Moraes Aline Barbosa , Vieira Neto Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Objective

Although there is growing evidence associating nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas (NFAI) with cardiovascular risk factors, there are limited data whether NFAI and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) groups have similar or different clinical and metabolic features. The aim of this study is to compare cardiometabolic clinic parameters among patients with ACS and NFAI, as well as controls.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Patients

Eighty nine NFAI, 58 ACS and 64 controls were evaluated.

Measurements

Diagnosis of NFAI (1 mg dexamethasone suppression test [1 mg‐DST] ≤50 nmol/L [≤1.8 μg/dl]) and ACS (1 mg‐DST > 50 nmol/L [> 1.8 μg/dl]) was established according to current guidelines. The control group was selected based on a normal adrenal imaging exam.

Results

There were no differences between groups regarding age, gender, ethnicity, menopause or body mass index. Patients with adrenal incidentaloma presented higher frequency of hypertension (74.1 vs. 57.8%; p = .02), resistant hypertension (45.4 vs. 9.4%; p < .001), dyslipidemia (80.1 vs. 63.9%; p = .01), as well as metabolic syndrome (84.2 vs. 61.7%; p = .001) compared to the controls, respectively. NFAI and ACS patients presented similar frequency of arterial hypertension (70.8 vs. 79.3%) and resistant hypertension (41.3 vs. 51.1%), dyslipidemia (79.3 vs. 81.5%) and metabolic syndrome (83.3 vs. 85.7%); also, levels of HbA1c were similar between the groups. Binary logistic regression showed that NFAI (p = .004) and ACS (p = .001) were independent predictors for resistant hypertension (p = .003); also, ACS was an independent predictor for metabolic syndrome (p = .04).

Conclusions

NFAI and ACS presented a higher frequency of cardiometabolic morbidities in comparison with individuals with normal adrenal glands. Additionally, we demonstrated that both ACS and NFAI groups have similar cardiometabolic conditions.
Variants in BRWD3 associated with X‐linked partial epilepsy without intellectual disability
Authors: Tian Mao‐Qiang , Liu Xiao‐Rong , Lin Si‐Mei , Wang Jie , Luo Sheng , Gao Liang‐Di , Chen Xiao‐Bin , Liang Xiao‐Yu , Liu Zhi‐Gang , He Na , Yi Yong‐Hong , Liao Wei‐Ping ,   For the China Epilepsy Gene 1.0 Project
Published: December 2022

Aims

Etiology of the majority patients with idiopathic partial epilepsy (IPE) remains elusive. We thus screened the potential disease‐associated variants in the patients with IPE.

Methods

Trios‐based whole exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 320 patients with IPE. Frequency and molecular effects of variants were predicted.

Results

Three novel BRWD3 variants were identified in five unrelated cases with IPE, which were four male cases and one female case. The variants included two recurrent missense variants (c.836C>T/p.Thr279Ile and c.4234A>C/p.Ile1412Leu) and one intronic variant close to splice site (c.2475 + 6A>G). The two missense variants were located in WD40 repeat domain and bromodomain, respectively. They were predicted to be damaging by silico tools and change hydrogen bonds with surrounding amino acids. The frequency of mutant alleles in this cohort was significantly higher than that in the controls of East Asian and all population of gnomAD. All these variants were inherited from the asymptomatic mothers. Four male cases presented frequent seizures at onset, while the female case only had two fever‐triggered seizures. They showed good responses to valproate and lamotrigine, then finally became seizure free. All the cases had no intellectual disability. Further analysis demonstrated that all previously reported destructive variants of BRWD3 caused intellectual disability, while missense variants located in WD40 repeat domains and bromodomains of BRWD3 were associated with epilepsy.

Conclusion

BRWD3 gene is potentially associated with X‐linked partial epilepsy without intellectual disability. The genotypes and locations of BRWD3 variants may explain for their phenotypic variation.
Salinity appears to be the main factor shaping spatialCOIdiversity of Corbicula lineages within the Chinese Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Zeng Cong , Tang Yangxin , Vastrade Martin , Coughlan Neil E. , Zhang Ting , Cai Yongjiu , Van Doninck Karine , Li Deliang
Published: December 2022

Aim

To date, few studies have examined the phylogenetics of Corbicula clams in their native range and the environmental parameters influencing their distribution, although this could provide great insights into the biological adaptation and invasion dynamics of Corbicula clams. We sought to identify the genetic lineages of native Corbicula clams and elucidate the environmental factors shaping the distributions of identified lineages.

Location

China, mainly the Yangtze River Basin.

Methods

The alignment comprised 558COIsequences including samples from China and 222COIsequences from published studies. This dataset was used to generate phylogenetic trees and compare population diversity. We used dbRDA method to assess the relationship between theseCOIdata and environmental factors measured to identify the important factors affecting Corbicula's distribution.

Results

TheCOIphylogenetic tree delineated the monophyly of 3 majorCOIclades and 77 distinctCOIhaplotypes in the Yangtze River Basin. The invasive lineage C/S (FW17) was not identified in our sampling in China, while invasive lineages A/R (FW5 = Hap6), B (FW1 = Hap17) and Rlc (FW4 = Hap43) were identified, abundant and widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Focusing on populations from Yangtze River Basin, both theCOIhaplotype and nucleotide diversity in the lakes along the Yangtze River increased with longitude, except for the river mouth population. The AMOVA tests showed significant differentiation between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and among populations. The dbRDA results suggested that the parameter chloride explained most of the spatialCOIhaplotype distribution variation in the Yangtze River Basin, with the three invasive lineages tolerating broad fluctuations of salinity (chloride levels ranging from 4 to 60 mg/L).

Conclusions

The CorbiculaCOIhaplotypes found within the Yangtze River Basin had distinct distribution preferences, with the invasive androgenetic lineages being the most abundant and widely distributed. Genetic diversity was higher in this native region than in invaded areas in Europe and America, while it decreased with increasing distance from the river mouth. Salinity appeared to be the main environmental factor shaping theCOIhaplotype distribution of Corbicula lineages within their native range.
HippocampalRNAsequencing in mice selectively bred for high and low activity
Authors: Booher Winona C. , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Hall Lucy A. , Thomas Aimee L. , Evans Luke M. , Saba Laura M. , Ehringer Marissa A.
Published: December 2022

High and Low Activity strains of mice were bidirectionally selected for differences in open‐field activity (DeFries et al., 1978, Behavior Genetics, 8: 3–13) and subsequently inbred to use as a genetic model for studying anxiety‐like behaviors (Booher et al., 2021, Genes, Brain and Behavior, 20: e12730). Hippocampal RNA‐sequencing of the High and Low Activity mice identified 3901 differentially expressed protein‐coding genes, with both sex‐dependent and sex‐independent effects. Functional enrichment analysis (PANTHER) highlighted 15 gene ontology terms, which allowed us to create a narrow list of 264 top candidate genes. Of the top candidate genes, 46 encoded four Complexes (I, II, IV and V) and two electron carriers (cytochrome c and ubiquinone) of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process. The most striking results were in the female high anxiety, Low Activity mice, where 39/46 genes relating to oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated. In addition, comparison of our top candidate genes with two previously curated High and Low Activity gene lists highlight 24 overlapping genes, whereNdufa13, which encodes the supernumerary subunit A13 of complex I, was the only gene to be included in all three lists. Mitochondrial dysfunction has recently been implicated as both a cause and effect of anxiety‐related disorders and thus should be further explored as a possible novel pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders.
Remote control? Chinese satellite infrastructure in and above the Arctic global commons
Authors: Bennett Mia M. , Eiterjord Trym
Published: December 2022

China is expanding its Arctic presence by developing infrastructure in the global commons that intersect with the region. Operations in outer space, the deep sea and cyberspace minimise the need for terrestrial footholds and generate data, a virtual resource. To analyse the epistemic and geopolitical consequences of developing the Arctic global commons as a vertically and digitally integrated volume, we examine a critical form of Chinese ‘remote infrastructure’: optical, synthetic aperture radar, and navigation satellites. We argue that first, by generating data about the Arctic, these instruments turn China into a regional knowledge producer. Second, as remote observations outnumber field observations, Chinese polar science may shift the regional balance of knowledge towards spaceborne and marine observations. Third, China's emergence as an Arctic knowledge producer may motivate the state to contribute to regional governance as remote sensing and large‐scale, computationally intensive techniques become privileged decision‐making tools. To transcend the terrestrial and maritime fixes that predominate research on China and the Arctic, we call for greater attention to the influence of epistemic capacities on geopolitics.
Depression and anxiety in persons with Von Willebrand disease
Authors: Roberts Jonathan C. , Kulkarni Roshni , Kouides Peter A. , Sidonio Robert F. , Carpenter Shannon L. , Konkle Barbara A. , Wu Joanne , Ullman Megan M. , Curtis Randall , Baker Judith R. , Crook Nicole , Nichol Michael B.
Published: December 2022

Objective

We assessed sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with depression and anxiety in individuals with Von Willebrand disease (VWD) aged ≥12 years.

Methods

The study collected data on patients’ sociodemographic, joint problems and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) using EQ‐5D‐3L, 8‐item patient health questionnaire for depression and 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire from participants in seven geographically diverse US haemophilia treatment centres.

Results

Analyses included 77 participants. The rates of depression and anxiety were 63.6% and 58.3%, respectively. Persons with low VWF displayed higher rates of depression (86.7%) or anxiety (69.2%) compared to those with VWD (58.1%, p = .04 for depression, and 55.9%, p = .38 for anxiety). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that having joint problems (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3, confidence interval [CI] = 2.0–20.1) was the most important variable associated with depression, followed by being single, divorced, widowed, or separated in adult participants or parents of participants age < 18 years (OR = 7.0, CI = 1.7–29.0. The most important variable associated with anxiety was being single or lacking a partner (OR = 10.8, CI = 2.5–47.5), followed by age 12–17 years old (OR = 6.7, CI = 1.6–26.9), or having worse health compared to 3‐months ago (OR = 12.3, CI = 1.3‐116.2). Mean covariates adjusted EQ visual analogue scale score was significantly lower among persons with depression (68.77 ± 3.15 vs. 77.58 ± 4.24, p = .03) than those without depression.

Conclusions

Our study revealed concerning levels of depression and anxiety in this VWD sample. Lack of social support was determined an important factor associated with depression and anxiety in this sample. Mental health screening is critical in VWD clinical evaluation and care.
Harnessing the potential of trace data and linguistic analysis to predict learner performance in a multi‐text writing task
Authors: Raković Mladen , Iqbal Sehrish , Li Tongguang , Fan Yizhou , Singh Shaveen , Surendrannair Surya , Kilgour Jonathan , van der Graaf Joep , Lim Lyn , Molenaar Inge , Bannert Maria , Moore Johanna , Gašević Dragan
Published: December 2022

Background

Assignments that involve writing based on several texts are challenging to many learners. Formative feedback supporting learners in these tasks should be informed by the characteristics of evolving written product and by the characteristics of learning processes learners enacted while developing the product. However, formative feedback in writing tasks based on multiple texts has almost exclusively focused on essay product and rarely included SRL processes.

Objectives

We explored the viability of using product and process features to develop machine learning classifiers that identify low‐ and high‐performing essays in a multi‐text writing task.

Methods

We examined learning processes and essay submissions of 163 graduate students working on an authentic multi‐text writing assignment. We utilised learners' trace data to obtain process features and state‐of‐the‐art natural language processing methods to obtain product features for our classifiers.

Results and Conclusions

Of four popular classifiers examined in this study, Random Forest achieved the best performance (accuracy = 0.80 and recall = 0.77). The analysis of important features identified in the Random Forest classification model revealed one product (coverage of reading topics) and three process (elaboration/organisation, re‐reading and planning) features as important predictors of writing quality.

Major Takeaways

The classifier can be used as a part of a future automated writing evaluation system that will support at scale formative assessment in writing tasks based on multiple texts in different courses. Based on important predictors of essay performance, a guidance can be tailored to learners at the outset of a multi‐text writing task to help them do well in the task.
Patterns of diabetes testing for older adults without diabetes in Ontario's nursing homes: A population‐based study
Authors: Chen Jim T. C. , Austin Peter C. , Luo Jin , Campitelli Michael A. , Bronskill Susan E. , Yu Catherine , Rochon Paula A. , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Lega Iliana C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Asymptomatic diabetes testing may be of limited value for older nursing home residents, but most diabetes guidelines lack upper‐age cutoffs for screening cessation. We evaluated patterns of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum blood glucose (SBG) testing among older residents without diabetes in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

This population‐based retrospective cohort study used provincial health administrative data from ICES to identify older nursing home residents in Ontario without diabetes between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. We examined HbA1c and glucose testing rates overall, by age, sex, and near end‐of‐life. The number of tests needed to identify one case of diabetes (using HbA1c thresholds of 6.5% and 8.0%) were also calculated.

Results

Among 102,923 older nursing home residents (70.3% women; average age 85.6 ± SD 7.7 years), 46.1% of residents received ≥1 HbA1c test over an average follow‐up period of 2.15 (± SD 1.49) years, and 18.2% of these tested residents received ≥4 HbA1c tests. The crude HbA1c testing rate was 52.6 tests/100 person‐years (95% CI 52.3–52.9). Testing rates among residents aged ≥80 years was 50.7 HbA1c tests/100 person‐years (95% CI 50.4–51.0), and 47.8 tests/100 person‐years (95% CI 46.5–49.0) among residents near end‐of‐life. The number of tests to identify a case of diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) was 44, while the number of tests to identify a case of actionable diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 8%) was 310. Less than 1% of residents with an HbA1c test met criteria for actionable diabetes.

Conclusions

Nursing home residents without diabetes receive frequent diabetes testing, with high testing rates even in residents over 80 years old and residents near end‐of‐life. The high number of tests needed to identify a case of actionable diabetes highlights the urgent need to re‐evaluate diabetes testing practices in nursing homes.
Objective and subjective sleep health in adolescence: Associations with puberty and affect
Authors: Kirshenbaum Jaclyn S. , Coury Saché M. , Colich Natalie L. , Manber Rachel , Gotlib Ian H.
Published: December 2022

Sleep health tends to worsen during adolescence, partially due to pubertal‐related changes that, in combination with social and psychological factors, can lead to long‐lasting impairments in sleep health and affective functioning. Discrepant findings between subjective and objective measures of sleep in relation to affect have been reported in studies of adults; however, few investigations have assessed both subjective and objective sleep quality in a single sample, and fewer have examined this in the context of pubertal development. We aimed to (1) characterise pubertal associations with subjective sleep satisfaction, objective sleep efficiency, and objective and subjective sleep duration in adolescents; (2) examine the longitudinal association between daily affect and sleep metrics; and (3) test whether pubertal stage moderated this association. Eighty‐nine participants (64% female, ages 13–20) completed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy protocol. Independent of age, advanced pubertal stage was associated with lower subjective sleep satisfaction but not with objective sleep indices. Subjective sleep satisfaction was associated with within‐person trajectories of negative affect, but not with positive affect. Pubertal stage and sleep satisfaction did not interact to predict within‐day negative or positive affect. These findings are consistent with previous reports showing that objective and subjective sleep health are associated differently with puberty, and that subjective sleep health is associated with daily affect. Pubertal stage may be a more important indicator of subjective sleep quality in adolescence than is chronological age, most likely due to hormonal changes and psychological adjustment to the physical changes associated with the pubertal transition.
Income distribution and economic activity: A frequency domain causal exploration
Authors: Barrales‐Ruiz Jose , von Arnim Rudiger , Mohammed Mikidadu
Published: December 2022

This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the Goodwin pattern. Building on the frequency domain representation of SVAR models, we calculate the extended partial directed coherence. This measure captures the contemporaneous effect from labor share onto economic activity. We illustrate the method with simulated data. Results for two‐dimensional models with quarterly US data (1947Q1–2020Q1) between activity proxies (employment rate and output gap) and labor share indicate causal bi‐directional relationships for short and medium run. We estimate an extended model in employment rate, output gap, and labor share, and sub‐samples describing golden age and great moderation separately. Results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the Goodwin pattern have weakened in recent decades.
Differential responses and mechanistic controls of soil phosphorus transformation in Eucalyptus plantations with N fertilization and introduced N2‐fixing tree species
Authors: Yao Xianyu , Hui Dafeng , Hou Enqing , Xiong Junfei , Xing Shuo , Deng Qi
Published: December 2022

Introducing N2‐fixing tree species into Eucalyptus plantations could replace nitrogen (N) fertilization to maintain high levels of N consumption and productivity. However, N enrichment may exacerbate phosphorus (P) limitation as Eucalyptus robusta Smith is extensively planted in P‐poor tropical and subtropical soils.

We conducted a field experiment in a pure plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis to investigate the impacts of N fertilization and introduced an N2‐fixing tree of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen on soil P transformation.

Nitrogen fertilization significantly enhanced soil occluded P pool and reduced the other P pools due to acidification‐induced pH‐sensitive geochemical processes, lowering Eucalyptus leaf P concentration with higher N : P ratio. By contrast, introduced N2‐fixing tree species did not change soil pH, labile inorganic P pool, and Eucalyptus leaf N : P ratio, even enhanced organic P pools and reduced occluded P pool probably due to altering microbial community composition particularly stimulating arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal abundance.

Our results revealed differential responses and mechanistic controls of soil P transformation in Eucalyptus plantations with N fertilization and introduced N2‐fixing tree species. The dissolution of occluded P pool along with organic P accumulation observed in the mixed plantations may represent a promising future to better manage soil P availability.
MYB30 integrates light signals with antioxidant biosynthesis to regulate plant responses during postsubmergence recovery
Authors: Xie Li‐Juan , Wang Jian‐Hong , Liu Hui‐Shan , Yuan Li‐Bing , Tan Yi‐Fang , Tan Wei‐Juan , Zhou Ying , Chen Qin‐Fang , Qi Hua , Li Jian‐Feng , Chen Yue‐Qin , Qiu Rong‐Liang , Chen Mo‐Xian , Xiao Shi
Published: December 2022

Submergence is an abiotic stress that limits agricultural production world‐wide. Plants sense oxygen levels during submergence and postsubmergence reoxygenation and modulate their responses. Increasing evidence suggests that completely submerged plants are often exposed to low‐light stress, owing to the depth and turbidity of the surrounding water; however, how light availability affects submergence tolerance remains largely unknown.

Here, we showed that Arabidopsis thaliana MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN30 (MYB30) is an important transcription factor that integrates light signaling and postsubmergence stress responses.

MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN30 protein abundance decreased upon submergence and accumulated during reoxygenation. Under submergence conditions, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), a central regulator of light signaling, caused the ubiquitination and degradation of MYB30. In response to desubmergence, however, light‐induced MYB30 interacted with MYC2, a master transcription factor involved in jasmonate signaling, and activated the expression of the VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE1 (VTC1) and GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE1 (GSH1) gene families to enhance antioxidant biosynthesis. Consistent with this, the myb30 knockout mutant showed increased sensitivity to submergence, which was partially rescued by overexpression of VTC1 or GSH1.

Thus, our findings uncover the mechanism by which the COP1‐MYB30 module integrates light signals with cellular oxidative homeostasis to coordinate plant responses to postsubmergence stress.
Are we underestimating the ecological and evolutionary effects of warming? Interactions with other environmental drivers may increase species vulnerability to high temperatures
Authors: Litchman Elena , Thomas Mridul K.
Published: December 2022

Warming, the most prominent aspect of global environmental change, already affects most ecosystems on Earth. In recent years, biologists have increasingly integrated the effects of warming into their models by capturing how temperature shapes their physiology, ecology, behavior, evolutionary adaptation and probability of extirpation/extinction. The more physiologically‐grounded approaches to predicting ectotherms' responses use thermal performance curves (TPCs) obtained by measuring species performance (e.g. growth rate) under different temperatures. TPCs are typically measured while other factors are held constant at benign levels to ‘isolate' the effects of temperature. Here we highlight that this practice paints a misleading picture because TPCs are functions of other factors, including global change stressors. We review evidence that resource limitation, pH, oxygen and CO2 concentration, salinity, water availability, parasites and mutualists, all influence TPC shape and thermal traits such as optimum temperature for growth. Evidence from a wide variety of organisms – phytoplankton, protists, plants, insects and fish – points towards such interactions increasing organisms' susceptibility to high temperatures (reducing it in the case of mutualists). Failing to account for these interactions is likely to lead to erroneous predictions of performance in nature and an underestimation of the risks of warming. We discuss the general patterns and possible consequences of such interactions for ecological communities. But importantly, interactions with TPCs share common features that we can learn from. Incorporating these interactions into population and community models should lead to deeper insights and more accurate predictions of species' performance in nature – as well as strategies for managing natural and agricultural ecosystems in the face of warming.
Commensal black rats Rattus rattus select wild vegetation over urbanised habitats
Authors: Adams Maxim W. D. , Grant Laura S. , Kovacs Toby G. L. , Liang Stephanie Q. T. , Norris Nicholas , Wesley Hannah E. , Alessi Megan M. , Banks Peter B.
Published: December 2022

Human commensal species are thought to depend so closely on resources provided by humans that they are effectively ‘natives' of urban environments. However, while their adaptations to urban existence are well understood, their ecology and habitat choices have not been closely examined. This study investigated the habitat preferences of the archetypal commensal species, the invasive black rat Rattus rattus, at the urban–bushland interface in Sydney, Australia, and modelled the results using isodar analysis. Unexpectedly, we found evidence that rats perceived bushland as a more resource‐rich habitat compared to urban areas, resulting in higher rat abundance in bushland areas. Resultant spillover of commensal species into native vegetation may pose acute ecological risks in the future, yet management of commensal pests remains focused on urban areas. Ultimately, these findings highlight the complex nature of commensal ecology, suggesting that adaptation to human coexistence does not necessarily lead to a preference for human‐modified landscapes. We suggest that inter‐specific interactions with competitors, or the lack thereof, likely modulate the habitat preferences of commensals.
Mining Potential Drug Targets for Osteoporosis Based on CeRNA Network
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Xiao‐fei , Wang Mao‐peng , Yan Shuo , Dai Zheng‐xu , Qian Qing‐hang , Zhao Jie , Ma Xin‐long , Li Bing , Liu Jun
Published: December 2022

Objective

To identify key pathological hub genes, micro RNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) of osteoporosis (OP) and construct their ceRNA network in an effort to explore the potential biomarkers and drug targets for OP therapy.

Methods

GSE7158, GSE201543, and GSE161361 microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing OP patients with healthy controls and hub genes were screened by machine learning algorithms. Target miRNAs and circRNAs were predicted by FunRich and circbank, then ceRNA network were constructed by Cytoscape. Pathways affecting OP were identified by functional enrichment analysis. The hub genes were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and real time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). Potential drug molecules related to OP were predicted by DSigDB database and molecular docking was analyzed by autodock vina software.

Results

A total of 179 DEGs were identified. By combining three machine learning algorithms, BAG2, MME, SLC14A1, and TRIM44 were identified as hub genes. Three OP‐associated target miRNAs and 362 target circRNAs were predicted to establish ceRNA network. The ROC curves showed that these four hub genes had good diagnostic performance and their differential expression was statistically significant in OP animal model. Benzo[a]pyrene was predicted which could successfully bind to protein receptors related to the hub genes and it was served as the potential drug molecules.

Conclusion

An mRNA‐miRNA‐circRNA network is reported, which provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of OP. Benzo[a]pyrene, as potential drug molecules for OP, may provide guidance for the clinical treatment.
Diagenetic formation of stevensite by replacement of diatom frustules in the sediments of the alkaline Lake Alchichica (Mexico)
Authors: Muller Elodie , Rapin William , Caumartin Jeanne , Jézéquel Didier , De Wever Alexis , Thomazo Christophe , Havas Robin , López‐García Purificación , Moreira David , Tavera Rozaluz , Benzerara Karim
Published: December 2022

Better understanding the conditions of formation of authigenic Mg‐silicates and their reactivity is key to interpret the palaeoenvironmental message carried by the sedimentary record and evaluate the effect of reverse weathering, a process involved in long‐term climate evolution. Microbialites from most alkaline crater lakes in Mexico contain Mg‐silicates except those in Lake Alchichica, where concentration of orthosilicic acid is low (<26 μm). This study investigated the first metre of sediments in Lake Alchichica in order to check how their mineralogy compared with that of shoreline microbialites. The mineralogy and chemistry of the sediment column were determined, together with the pore water chemistry, providing insights on the processes occurring during early diagenesis. Below ca 3 cm in depth, diatom frustules are progressively pseudomorphized into Al‐poor Mg‐silicates with a composition corresponding to stevensite. This diagenetic process is massive and the resulting silicate represents between 30 and 53 wt.% of the sediment content at all depths. This observation questions the possibility to infer lake palaeochemistry from the presence/absence of Mg‐silicates in the sedimentary record. Moreover, it allowed refinement of the conditions under which Mg‐silicates authigenesis occurs: the saturation of the solution should be higher or equal to the solubility of a Mg‐silicate phase close to that of ‘amorphous sepiolite’. Although the solubility of authigenic silicates is a key parameter of reverse weathering modelling during geological times, it is still debated. In this study, a solubility constant deduced from a natural system is proposed that should be considered when modelling the formation of Mg‐silicates in a natural environment. The proportion of reverse weathering associated with this solubility constant could be higher than previously predicted based on experiments and thus have a greater impact on climate stability over geological timescales.
First, do no harm. Ethical and legal issues of artificial intelligence and machine learning in veterinary radiology and radiation oncology
Authors: Cohen Eli B. , Gordon Ira K.
Published: December 2022

Artificial Intelligence and machine learning are novel technologies that will change the way veterinary medicine is practiced. Exactly how this change will occur is yet to be determined, and, as is the nature with disruptive technologies, will be difficult to predict. Ushering in this new tool in a conscientious way will require knowledge of the terminology and types of AI as well as forward thinking regarding the ethical and legal implications within the profession. Developers as well as end users will need to consider the ethical and legal components alongside functional creation of algorithms in order to foster acceptance and adoption, and most importantly to prevent patient harm. There are key differences in deployment of these technologies in veterinary medicine relative to human healthcare, namely our ability to perform euthanasia, and the lack of regulatory validation to bring these technologies to market. These differences along with others create a much different landscape than AI use in human medicine, and necessitate proactive planning in order to prevent catastrophic outcomes, encourage development and adoption, and protect the profession from unnecessary liability. The authors offer that deploying these technologies prior to considering the larger ethical and legal implications and without stringent validation is putting the AI cart before the horse, and risks putting patients and the profession in harm's way.
HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 3D PRINTED INFILL BASED ON STRUT-BASED LATTICE STRUCTURE
Authors: Garcia Rey Farly , Chua Alvin
Published: December 2022

In an attempt to make Additive Manufacturing more material-efficient, researchers come across the idea of re-enforcing 3D printed objects by infill pattern modification. In line with this concept, this paper introduces a new innovative infill pattern inspired by a variety of strut-base lattice structures that is stronger and more material-efficient than conventional 3D printing infill. This research provides the design, analysis, and experimental results of the developed 3D printed infills, then compared with a benchmark infill. Three (3) strut-based lattice test samples, namely Body-Centered Cubic (BCC), Face-Centered Cubic (FCC), and Octet-Truss, were designed and 3D printed with an equal amount of material used, then undergo compressive test on Universal Testing Machine. Results showed that BCC, FCC, and Octet-truss infill pattern print has a compressive strength of 11.25 MPa, 8.47 MPa, 7.44 MPa consecutively, while benchmark infill has 9.73 MPa. This data proves that with the same amount of material consumed, the BCC lattice structure infill withstands a compressive load higher than the benchmark infill, which is offered in a 3D printing slicer.
EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE IN BANGLADESH CONTEXT
Authors: Shuvo Raisul Islam , Mostak Md. Mehrab Mostak , Sarkar Razesh Kanti , Chowdhury Sharmin Reza
Published: December 2022

Due to the deterioration of existing structures and the replacement of numerous low-rise buildings with comparatively high-rise ones, the amount of demolished concrete in Bangladesh is increasing.  One of the major challenges of our present society is to construct environmental friendly sustainable structures with low-cost technology. Reusing concrete in the form of aggregate would lead to environmental and economical benefits. The research covers experimental work on Particle size distribution by sieve analysis, Fineness modulus, Specific Gravity, Water absorption, Bulk density, and percent void of recycled coarse aggregate. The goal of this study is to measure the compressive strength of recycled aggregates as a substitute for coarse aggregate. For this reason, several important experiments like a) slump test of concrete, b) compressive strength of cylinder concrete specimen are performed. Here, brick aggregates are used as coarse aggregate, the water-cement ratio (0.4) is kept the same, and 30%, 50%, and 70% natural aggregate are replaced by the same percentage of recycled aggregate without any admixture. The result shows that the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with 30% replacement of natural aggregate by recycled aggregate is near to the compressive strength of natural aggregate concrete (NAC). It is found that the specific gravity and bulk density of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) are 2.07 and 1163-1245 kg/m3 respectively which is significantly smaller than Natural Aggregate (NA). Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is discovered to have a larger percentage of pore volume and water absorption capacity than natural aggregate (NA), measuring around 13% and 36% respectively. The aggregate properties used in this research are in an acceptable range compared to other researchers.
Sentiment Analysis on Inflation after COVID-19
Authors: Li Xinyu , Tang Zihan
Published: December 2022

We implement traditional machine learning and deep learning methods for global tweets from 2017-2022 to build a high-frequency measure of the public’s sentiment index on inflation and analyze its correlation with other online data sources such as google trend and market-oriented inflation index. We use manually labeled trigrams to test the prediction performance of several machine learning models (logistic regression, random forest etc.) and choose Bert model for final demonstration. Then, we sum daily tweets’ sentiment scores gained from Bert model to obtain the predicted inflation sentiment index, and we further analyze the regional and pre/post covid patterns of these inflation indexes. Lastly, we take other empirical inflation-related data as references and prove that twitter-based inflation sentiment analysis method has an outstanding capability to predict inflation. The results suggest that Twitter combined with deep learning methods can be a novel and timely method to utilize existing abundant data sources on inflation expectations and provide daily indicators of consumers’ perception on inflation.
School-based obesity prevention programs in rural communities: a scoping review
Authors: Lim Crystal S. , Robinson Jennifer , Hinton Elizabeth , Gordy Xiaoshan Z. , Gamble Abigail , Compretta Caroline , Holmes Megan E. , Ravola Martha
Published: December 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review was to examine existing literature and conceptually map the evidence for school-based obesity prevention programs implemented in rural communities, as well as identify current gaps in the literature.

Introduction:

Pediatric obesity is a significant public health condition worldwide. Rural residency places children at increased risk of obesity. Schools have been identified as an avenue for obesity prevention in rural communities.

Inclusion criteria:

We considered citations focused on children (5 to 18 years of age) enrolled in a rural educational setting. We included obesity prevention programs delivered in rural schools that focused on nutrition or dietary changes, physical activity or exercise, decreasing screen time, or combined nutrition and physical activity that aimed to prevent childhood obesity. We included all quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research designs, as well as text and opinion data.

Methods:

A search was conducted of published and unpublished studies in English from 1990 through April 2020 using PubMed, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Embase, Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Gray literature was also searched. After title and abstract review, potentially relevant citations were retrieved in full text. The full texts were assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. Included citations were reviewed and data extracted by 2 independent reviewers and captured on a spreadsheet targeting the review objectives.

Results:

Of the 105 studies selected for full-text review, 72 (68.6%) were included in the final study. Most of the studies (n = 50) were published between 2010 and 2019 and were conducted in the United States (n = 57). Most studies included children in rural elementary or middle schools (n = 57) and targeted obesity prevention (n = 67). Teachers implemented the programs in half of the studies (n = 36). Most studies included a combination of physical activity and nutrition components (n = 43). Other studies focused solely on nutrition (n = 9) or physical activity (n = 9), targeted obesity prevention policies (n = 9), or other components (n = 8). Programs ranged in length from weeks to years. Overall, weight-related, physical activity–specific, and nutrition-specific outcomes were most commonly examined in the included citations.

Conclusions:

Obesity prevention programs that focused on a combination of physical activity and nutrition were the most common. Multiple outcomes were examined, but most programs included weight-specific and health behavior–specific outcomes. The length and intensity of rural school-based obesity prevention programs varied. More research examining scientific rigor and specific outcomes of rural school-based obesity prevention programs is needed.
Behavior of Synthetic Phenolic-Resin Adhesives in Plywood Under Alternating Stresses
Authors: Dietz A. G. H. , Grinsfelder Henry
Published: December 2022

Because plywood is being used in ever-increasing quantities in the construction of aircraft and boats of many types, it is essential to know the effect upon this material of vibrating loads. Hence whether failure occurs in the wood or in the adhesive under repeated stress, what allowable stresses may be applied, and what the fatigue limit may be, are questions which the engineer must be prepared to answer. The present paper gives the results of a research program covering the behavior of plywood and laminated wood bonded with synthetic phenolic-resin adhesives, undergoing alternating stress, in the unweathered and weathered conditions, and at high and low temperatures. This is a continuation of a previous report, which presented some findings with respect to fatigue behavior of plywood and laminated wood under alternating stresses.
Relation of Surface-Roughness Readings to Actual Surface Profile
Authors: Tarasov L. P.
Published: December 2022

Studies of surface finish have shown the desirability of relating profilometer roughness readings to actual peak-to-valley distances of the type that a micrometer measures. Approximate multiplying factors for converting profilometer readings into peak-to-valley roughness have been obtained from taper sections of a variety of abrasive-finished steel surfaces with profilometer roughness in the range of 1 to 100 microinches rms. For cylindrical ground surfaces, the factor can be taken as about 4½; for other types of fixed-abrasive finishes, as 6 or 7; and for loose-abrasive-lapped surfaces, as 10. These are mean values and individual factors may deviate by as much as one third of the mean value. The factors quoted give values for “predominant peak” roughness; they should be doubled to obtain “deepest maximum” roughness, this being a second way of describing the peak-to-valley roughness. No evidence was found of any increase in the factor for a given type of finish with a decrease in the profilometer roughness, even for the finest surfaces studied.
Influence of Applying Cutting Fluids at Different Temperatures When Turning Steel
Authors: Boston O. W. , Gilbert W. W. , McKee R. E.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of an investigation to determine the influence on cutting speed, tool life, chip formation, and other pertinent factors, of a cutting fluid applied at each of several different constant temperatures, ranging from 55 F to 150 F. A sulphurized mineral oil and an emulsion, consisting of 1 part soluble oil and 20 parts water, were used as cutting fluids.
Embrittlement Cracking in Waters Containing Potassium Salts
Authors: Berk A. A. , Rogers N. E.
Published: December 2022

On behalf of Subcommittee No. 6 of the Joint Research Committee on Boiler Feedwater Studies, the embrittlement characteristics of waters containing potassium-hydroxide alkalinity have been studied. The embrittlement detector was used to test dilute solutions in the range of concentrations encountered in boiler operation. The effect of potassium-hydroxide solutions on stressed steel was also determined with concentrated solutions in a tension-testing device. It was found that potassium-hydroxide solutions could cause intercrystalline cracking of stressed steel. At 250 C a small concentration of silica in the solutions greatly accelerated the attack. Potassium nitrate and quebracho extract both proved to be effective inhibitors. No cracks were obtained with solutions of pure tripotassium phosphate, potassium metasilicate, or potassium disilicate, indicating that these alkaline potassium salts would not cause embrittlement cracking of boiler seams. Potassium hydroxide is therefore very similar to sodium hydroxide with respect to embrittlement.