bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors determining assistance needs for social voluntary services among home-based elderly in Chinese urban areas: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhang Fengjian , Zhao Huimin , Chen Yuqin , Feng Mingjiao , You Yanjie , Peng Xiao , Guan Chunyan , Liu Yilan
Published: September 2022

Background
With a rapidly aging population in China, it is becoming increasingly challenging to meet the growing diversified care needs of the elderly. Although social voluntary services has numerous advantages and is popular among the elderly, little information is available on the assistance requirements of the volunteer-based social service, particularly those with a medical background and influencing factors among the urban home-based elderly.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in four urban communities in Wuhan, Ezhou, Xinxiang, and Zhengzhou. Assistance needs was assessed using the 27-item Home-based Elderly Assistance Need Scale in 498 participants, aged 60 years and over. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify salient variables associated with assistance needs for social voluntary services.
Results
The mean score of assistance needs was 88.60 +/- 24.37. The item mean scores examining 4 dimensions, namely, health maintenance, visiting communication, social intercourse, and daily life were 3.64 +/- 1.08, 3.49 +/- 1.04, 3.33 +/- 1.08, and 2.78 +/- 1.08, respectively. The level of depression, willingness to help other elderly people, attaching importance to health preservation, willingness to seek help from others, existence of more children, and living parents were positively associated with assistance needs for social voluntary services, while social care from government departments was a negative factor. The aforementioned seven factors explained 28.4% of the total variance.
Conclusions
The urban home-based elderly population exhibited a high assistance demand for social volunteer services in China, and several complex factors were associated with an elevated assistance need. Our findings are beneficial for the extremely limited social volunteers, particularly, those with a medical background, to identify the priority of providing assistance services to the huge urban home-based elderly population, and improve service behavior.
Structural and optical properties of GaAs and InAs for doping Sb under the effect of pressure and temperature: DFT and EPM investigations
Authors: Othman Mazin SH. , Elkenany Elkenany B
Published: September 2022

We have developed first-principles calculations utilizing the empirical pseudopotential method (EPM) and density functional theory (DFT) to examine the basic behaviors of the GaAs and InAs semiconductor compounds for doped Sb. The electronic and optical responses of these compounds were calculated. We examined the impacts of the temperature and pressure with the energy band forbidden and parameters of optical parameters (static dielectric constant) of the considered compounds. The literature hasn't fully analyzed the electronic and optical characteristics of the compounds with doping Sb under the impact of pressure and temperature for fixed composition (x=0.5). So, we concentrated on the study of these properties.
Measuring Australia’s Health Security Preparedness: Calculation and Application of the National Health Security Preparedness Index for Australia
Authors: Do Phu Cong , Alemu Yibeltal , Reid Simon
Published: September 2022

Background
With on-going efforts to strengthen public health security, there is a need to identify areas for improvement. Existing tools designed to measure health security have limitations and the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed their limited predicative capabilities. The National Health Security Preparedness Index (NHSPI) developed in the United States (US) uses an expanded set of indicators beyond the health sector to quantify health security preparedness. The NHSPI has not been applied outside the US, so we aimed to calculate the NHSPI for Australia and compare it to the US to evaluate its predictive ability.
Methods
The NHSPI for Australia was calculated using the 140 indicators across 6 domains and 19 sub-domains described in the 2019 US release [1]. Data for each indicator was collected through grey literature searches for analogous Australian datasets. Sub-domain, domain, and national scores were computed using the formula described in the US methodology.
Results
The overall NHSPI score for Australia was 7.3 (99% Cl, 7.2–7.4), which is significantly higher than the score for the US during the same period 6.8 (99% Cl, 6.6–6.9). There was minimal variation between the overall scores for each Australian State and Territory, and for each of the domains.
Conclusion
The interpretation of the NHSPI should not be used as a predicator for population health outcomes. The greater NHSPI score for Australia than the US suggests greater homogeneity between likely demonstrates greater capacity to implement consistent of public health legislation and capacity. Further work to improve overall interpretability is needed and can be done so by refining the core NHSPI methodology to incorporate a global perspective to facilitate uptake in other national contexts.
Microscopic properties and neutralization mechanism of steel slag in acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation process
Authors: Yang Lei , Tang Yuegang , Cao Duanning , Yang Mingyuan , He Yuanyuan , Lu Cunfang
Published: September 2022

Steel slag has been proven to be an effective environment remediation media for acid neutralization, and a potential aid to mitigate acid mine drainage (AMD) in passive treatment process. But its acid neutralization capacity (ANC) is frequently inhibited by precipitate after a period of time, while the characteristic of the formation process are unclear yet. In this work, ANC of the SS sample was tested using simulated AMD (H2SO4, 0.1M) and real AMD. Steel slag and AMD has been characterized on pH, ANC, as well as Ca, Mg, Al, Mg-bearing ingredients. Microscopic properties characterization and neutralization experiment results shown that Ca-bearing constitutes leaching and sulfate formation were the two main categories reactions throughout the neutralization process. A prominent transition point of the two kind reactions was selected at 40 % of the neutralization process. Microscopic properties characterization indicated Ca3SiO5 (C3S) played a dominant role among Ca-bearing components in alkaline releasing stage for the present sample. Morphology, pore distribution, composition, surface area and other microscopic properties of the neutralized slag were significantly changed by the crystallized CaSO4 precipitates in sulfate formation stage, which hindered the alkaline releasing behaviors gradually. Neutralization experiments conducted by real AMD suggested that the steel slag ANC property was also influenced by the contained high concentration metal ion due to the precipitate reactions except for sulfate formation reactions.
Multiple types of programmed necrosis such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos contribute simultaneously to retinal damage after ischemia-reperfusion
Authors: Dvoriantchikova Galina , Lypka Karin Rose , Adis Emily Victoria , Ivanov Dmitry
Published: September 2022

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is implicated in a large array of pathological conditions in the retina. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that programmed necrosis makes a significant contribution to inflammation and retinal damage triggered by IR. Since there are many types of programmed necrosis, it is important to identify those involved in retinal IR to determine the correct treatment. To this end, we used a mouse model of retinal IR and a variety of approaches including RNA-seq data analysis. Our RNA-seq data revealed the rapid development of ischemic pathology in the retina during the first 24 hours after reperfusion. We found that at least four types of programmed necrosis including necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos are simultaneously involved in retinal IR. Our data suggest that the high activity of the TNF pathway at the early stage of retinal IR leads to early activation of necroptosis while significant activity of other types of programmed necrosis appears later. Our results indicate that TNF, glutamate, and ferrous iron generated by Steap3 may be key players concurrently triggering at least necroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos in ischemic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Thus, multiple signaling cascades involved in programmed necrosis should be synchronously targeted for therapeutic purposes to treat retinal IR.
Study of the fatigue delamination behaviour of adhesive joints in carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites, influence of the period of exposure to saline environment
Authors: Argüelles A. , Viña I. , Vigón P. , Lozano M. , Viña J.
Published: September 2022

This work analyses the fatigue delamination and fracture stress behaviour under mode I of adhesive joints made on an epoxy matrix composite material with unidirectional carbon fibre reinforcement and a commercial epoxy-based adhesive. DCB type tests (for mode I) were used with the aim to quantify the influence of the period of exposure to a degradation process in a salt spray chamber, to which the tested samples were subjected, on their fatigue behaviour. For this purpose and after a previous static characterisation of the material in which the critical values of the energy release rate for different exposure periods were determined, the levels of the energy release rate (ERR) to be applied in the fatigue tests and the exposure periods to be considered (no exposure, exposure during one week and twelve weeks) and a ratio of fatigue stress levels of R = Gmin/Gmax=0.1 were defined. From this experimental data, the G-N fatigue initiation curves and the G-da/dN growth curves were obtained. The experimental data obtained, in the fatigue initiation phase of the delamination process, have been treated by means of a probabilistic model based on a Weibull distribution, the application of models of these characteristics has allowed a better interpretation of the experimental results obtained. The most relevant result of the work is that, in general, the fatigue limits obtained for the adhesive joint, under mode I fracture, when subjected to a degradation process in a saline environment, do not translate into a relevant loss of its resistance capacity against this fatigue delamination phenomenon, in its initiation phase. On the other hand, the crack growth rates of the material subjected to different periods of exposure to a saline environment are similar and higher than those obtained for the material without exposure.
Inequality and Determinants of Female Workforce Participation in Agriculture of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: . Renu
Published: September 2022

The gender inequality in workforce participation in the agriculture sector is easily visible. There is a high participation of women in some specific tasks and some others are recognized as male dominated work. However most of the female workforce is engaged in the agriculture sector only, it is seen unequally distributed in various operations. According to NSSO 68th round data, female participation in various agricultural operations is just 17% in Uttar Pradesh of India. The diverse socio-economic status of rural Uttar Pradesh affects participation in different ways. Female participation as agricultural laborer is high in lower caste and low in high caste societies here. Participation ratio is having an increasing trend from 01–14 to 30–44 years age groups, later declining to older age groups. It is increasing from small to medium-sized households, after which it has declined sharply. Almost half (46%) of the women participation in agricultural is coming from households which derive at least half of their income from their own farming. Education level and female participation is inversely associated. Participation is found highest in families with marginal size of land holdings (74.61%), followed by small (12.66%) and medium land holding size. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to identify the key determinants for various operations. It has been found that household type, education level and size of land owned are most important among many other factors. This study will be helpful in suggesting ways to make the participation of women easier and more effective.
Optimism Persists when Walking in Unpredictable Environments
Authors: Bucklin Mary , Deol Jasjit , Brown Geoffrey , Perreault Eric , Gordon Keith
Published: September 2022

Humans continuously modulate their control strategies during walking based on their ability to anticipate disturbances. However, how people adapt and use motor plans to create stable walking in unpredictable environments is not well understood. Our purpose was to investigate how people adapt motor plans when walking in a novel and unpredictable environment. We evaluated the whole-body center of mass (COM) trajectory of participants as they performed repetitions of a discrete goal-directed walking task during which a laterally-directed force field was applied to the COM. The force field was proportional in magnitude to forward walking velocity and randomly directed towards either the right or left each trial. We hypothesized that people would adapt a control strategy to reduce the COM lateral deviations created by the unpredictable force field. In support of our hypothesis, we found that with practice the magnitude of COM lateral deviation was reduced by 28% (left) and 44% (right). Participants adapted two distinct unilateral strategies that collectively created a bilateral resistance to the unpredictable force field. These strategies included an anticipatory postural adjustment to resist against forces applied to the left, and a more lateral first step to resist against forces applied to the right. In addition, during catch trials when the force field was unexpectedly removed, participants exhibited trajectories similar to baseline trials. These findings were consistent with an impedance control strategy that provides a robust resistance to unpredictable perturbations. However, we also found evidence that participants made predictive adaptations in response to their immediate experience that persisted for three trials. Due to the unpredictable nature of the force field, this predictive strategy would sometimes result in greater lateral deviations when the prediction was incorrect. The presence of these competing control strategies may have long term benefits by allowing the nervous system to identify the best overall control strategy to use in a novel environment.
Modified Shengji Yuhong ointment enhances Wound Healing after Anal Fistula Surgery in Rats
Authors: Mei PingPing , Feng Wenzhe , Shi Peng , Zhuang Yu , Zhang Wenxiu
Published: September 2022

Objective: The wound healing after anal fistula operation is slow, which has become the focus of attention of clinicians. In Chinese medicine, Jiawei Shengji Yuhong Ointment is known as a “magic drug” to promote wound healing. In this study, we mainly discussed the effect and internal mechanism of it on wound repair of rat model after anal fistula operation.
Methods: The wound model of rats after anal fistula operation was established and intervened in different ways. The general situation and wound healing of rats in each group were recorded, and the wound healing rate of rats in each group was calculated. On the 3rd,7th and 14th days, the granulation tissue of the same site was taken from each group of rats for Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to detect the protein and expression of NF-κBp65 in the wound tissue. The expression of IL-1β/VEGF was detected by elisa method. At the same time, HE staining was used to observe the histomorphology.
Results: Compared with other groups, the experimental group and PDTC + experimental group could significantly shorten the wound healing time, and the PDTC + experimental group had the shortest wound healing time, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). HE staining results confirmed that PDTC + experimental group had the best wound healing; The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting confirmed that the experimental group and PDTC+ experimental group could significantly inhibit the expression of NF-κBp65 protein in rat wound tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The elisa method showed that the content of IL-1β in each group was gradually decreasing on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after treatment, and the content of IL-1β in PDTC + experimental group was the lowest (P < 0.05). The content of VEGF in each group was gradually increasing, and the content of VEGF in PDTC + experimental group and experimental group was the highest (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study confirmed that modified Shengji Yuhong ointment could promote endothelial cell regeneration and reducing inflammatory response, revealing the increase in wound healing activity after anal fistula surgery.
Research on the Establishment of NDVI Long-term Data Set Based on a Novel Method
Authors: Fan Dongliang
Published: September 2022

This study compares the relationship between the NDVI of AVHRR, the NDVI of MODIS, and the NDVI of VIRR, and found that there is a significant correlation between the NDVI of AVHRR and the NDVI of MODIS, and between the NDVI of VIRR and the NDVI of AVHRR, the relationship between the three is VIRR/NDVI < AVHRR/NDVI < MODIS/NDVI. Machine learning is an important method in artificial intelligence. It can solve some complex problems through algorithms. This research uses machine learning algorithms to construct the Fengyun Satellite Normalized Vegetation Index correction method. By constructing a machine learning model, the NDVI value of Fengyun Satellite VIRR is corrected to a level that is basically the same as the NDVI value of MODIS. The corrected correlation coefficients were significantly improved to 0.9126 ~ 0.9445, and the corrected correlation coefficients were significantly improved to 0.9002 ~ 0.9326, and the confidence levels were all significant correlations less than 0.01. It is proved that the corrected normalized vegetation index of Fengyun Satellite has significantly improved accuracy and product quality compared with the normalized vegetation index of MODIS.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Optimize Post-Operative Fracture Recovery (COPE): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Busse Jason , Sprague Sheila , Investigators COPE
Published: September 2022

Importance: Chronic, non-cancer pain affects approximately 20-30% of the population in North America, Europe, and Australia, with surgery and trauma frequently cited as inciting events. Prospective studies of fracture patients have demonstrated an association between somatic pre-occupation, poor coping, and low recovery expectations following surgery with persistent pain, functional limitations, and lower rates of return to work. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), that are designed to modify unhelpful beliefs and behaviours have the potential to reduce persistent post-surgical pain and its associated effects among trauma patients.
Objective: To determine whether online CBT, versus usual care, reduces the prevalence of moderate to severe persistent post-surgical pain among participants with an open or closed fracture of the appendicular skeleton.
Design, Setting, and Participants: The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Optimize Post-Operative Fracture Recovery (COPE) protocol will be followed to conduct a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Participants undergoing surgical repair of a long bone fracture will be randomized to receive either: (1) online CBT modules with asynchronous therapist feedback or 2) usual care. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of moderate to severe persistent post-surgical pain over 12 months post-fracture. Secondary outcomes include the Short Form-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores, return to function, pain severity and pain interference over 12 months post-fracture, and the proportion of patients prescribed opioid class medications (and average dose) at 6- and 12-months post-fracture. The COPE trial will enroll 1,000 participants with open and closed fractures of the appendicular skeleton from approximately 10 hospitals in North America.
Discussion: If CBT is effective in improving outcomes among patients with traumatic fractures, our findings will promote a new model of care that incorporates psychological barriers to recovery.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04274530
Functional Performance indicators and kinesiophobia and their relationship with muscle strength, quality of life and fatigue in women breast cancer survivors
Authors: Marques Vitor Alves , Santos Wanderson Divino dos , Silva Maria Sebastiana , Ferreira-Junior João Batista , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Soares Leonardo Ribeiro , Lima Filipe Dinato , Viana Ricardo Borges , Silva Naiany Pereira , de Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Vieira Carlos
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To relate functional performance and kinesiophobia to muscle strength, fatigue and quality of life in women who survivors breast cancer.
Methods
Participated the study 62 women separate into control group (CNT) (age: 52,16 ± 7,59) and breast cancer survivors group (BCS) (age: 52,93 ± 8,95). The functional performance was evaluated by the DASH, the kinesiophobia it was evaluated by the Tampa Scale, quality of life was evaluated EORTC BR-23, fatigue was evaluated FACT B + 4, the muscle strength was evaluated isometric test bilateral and test 1RM. The normality of the data was evaluated by the Komogorov-Smirnov test. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the variables that presented normal distribution and the Sperman correlation to evaluate the relationship between the variables that did not present normal distribution. The significance level was considered when the p ≤ 0.05
Results.
The BCS group showed worse levels of functional performance (p < 0,001), bilateral isometric strenght (p < 0,001), test 1RM (p = 0,011) and higher levels kinesiophobia than the CNT group (p = 0,005). Bilateral isometric strenght showed a negative correlation with kinesiophobia (r = 0,295; p = 0,019) and functional performance (r= -0,351; p = 0,005). Functional performance showed negative correlaton with fatigue (r= -0,435; p = 0,0004) and quality of life ( -0,296; p = 0,019).
Conclusion.
BCS women have low levels of functional performance, isometric test bilateral, test 1RM and higher levels of kinesiophobia. The functional performance showed negative correlation with bilateral isometric strenght, fatigue and quality of life. The kinesiophobia showed negative correlation with bilateral isometric strenght.
Low-temperature selective ethanol upgrading to primary or secondary alcohols by homogeneous catalysis
Authors: Ni Zhenwei , Padilla Rosa , Mello Lucas , Nielsen Martin
Published: September 2022

Ethanol is one of the most promising renewable resources for the production of key industrial commodities. Herein, we present the first direct and selective conversion of ethanol to either primary or secondary alcohols, or to hydrocarbons, using ruthenium PNP pincer complexes [(RPNP)RuHXCO] (R= iPr, Ph, Cy, tBu; X = Cl, H-BH3) as catalysts. Using phenyl substituted phosphines leads to the selective produc-tion of secondary alcohols. Hence, employing [(PhPNP)RuH(Cl)CO] (Ru-1) as a catalyst in ethanol, containing 20 mol% of NaOEt, at 115 ⁰C leads to 89% selective production of secondary alcohols over pri-mary alcohols. A yield of 12% of 2-butanol, and in total 22% of secondary alcohols, was achieved. In addition, minor amounts of 2 butenes/butane (≤5%) were observed in the gas phase. On the contrary, when using bulky phosphine substituents, such as t-butyl, the selectivity completely shifts toward primary alcohols. Thus, using [(tBuPNP)RuH(Cl)CO] (Ru 5) leads to >99% selectivity of 1 butanol (13% yield) over secondary alcohols at 115 ⁰C. In fact, the catalytic system is highly competitive for producing 1-butanol with 22% yield obtained at 130 ⁰C, a temperature significantly lower than previously re-ported systems. Our methodology unveils the potential for using bulk bio-alcohols to selectively produce primary or secondary alcohols and hydrocarbons under mild conditions.
Risk prediction of sleep disturbance in clinical nurses: a nomogram and artificial neural network model
Authors: ZHANG Xinyu , ZHANG Lei
Published: September 2022

Background:To develop a Nomogram and a Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict sleep disturbance in clinical nurses.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022 ,434 clinical nurses participated in the study and completed questionnaires. They were randomly distributed in a 7:3 ratio between training and validation cohorts.Nomogram and ANN model were developed using predictors of sleep disturbance identified by univariate and multivariate analyses in the training cohort; The 1000 bootstrap resampling and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy in the training and validation cohorts.
Results:Sleep disturbance was found in 180 of 304 nurses(59.2%) in the training cohort and 80 of 130 nurses (61.5%) in the validation cohort.Age, chronic diseases, anxiety, depression, burnout, and fatigue were identified as risk factors for sleep disturbance. The calibration curves of the two models are well-fitted. The sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of the models were calculated, resulting in sensitivity of 83.9%(77.5–88.8%)and 88.8% (79.2–94.4%) and specificity of83.1% (75.0–89.0%) and 74.0% (59.4–84.9%) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively.
Conclusions:The sleep disturbance risk prediction models constructed in this study have good consistency and prediction efficiency, and can effectively predict the occurrence of sleep disturbance in clinical nurses.
Drug-induced liver injury following the use of tocilizumab or sarilumab in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Gao Qian , Yin Xuedong , Tan Boyu , Wang Junshi , Chen Jiayan , Yang Qiaoling , Zhao Bin , Li Zhiling
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockers including tocilizumab and sarilumab were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2021 for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. The use of sarilumab or tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients has been related to a reduction in mortality compared to standard care. Recent evidence has emerged concerning drug-induced liver injury (DILI) after sarilumab or tocilizumab applications in COVID-19 patients.
Aims
The study aimed to estimate DILI associated with sarilumab or tocilizumab in treating severe to critical patients infected with SARS-Cov-2.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective pharmacovigilance study by data mining of the FDA’s Adverse event reporting systems (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2021 in confirmed COVID-19 patients. We analyzed DILI cases associated with tocilizumab or sarilumab in treating COVID-19 patients from the FAERS during this period. Disproportionality analysis and Bayesian analysis of COVID-19 patients were utilized for cases analysis, and we also next compared the onset time and fatality rates of DILI following tocilizumab or sarilumab.
Results
A total of 354 cases of IL-6 blockers-related DILI reports were extracted. A total of 192 AEs cases were related to tocilizumab (TCZ), and 83 were related to sarilumab (SAR). In patients treated with TCZ, most were < 75 years old (51.57%), with more male than female (46.35% vs. 13.02%). The correlation between IL-6 receptor antagonists and DILI was stronger in SAR (ROR = 12.94; 95%CI 9.6-17.44) than in TCZ (ROR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.14–1.55). The onset time of DILI was different between TCZ and SAR, and a significant difference was observed in TCZ than SAR (P < 0.0001). A significant difference was observed in the mortality rate of TCZ and SAR (P = 0.0009). DILI associated with COVID-19 patients treated with TCZ appeared to have earlier onset-time (1(0–46) day) VS. SAR (3.5(0–27) day).
Conclusion
This study shows strict monitor ought to be paid for TCZ or SAR when used for COVID-19 patients with poor liver function.
The Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain in Patients with Bone Metastasis: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Sulistio Merlina , Ling Natalie , Finkelstein Tara , Tee Hoong jiun , Gorelik Alexandra , Kissane David , Michael Natasha
Published: September 2022

Purpose: We describe the prevalence of the Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP) features in patients with bone metastasis and cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and the relationship between ECS-CP features, pain intensity and opioid consumption.
Methods: We assessed ECS-CP features and recoded pain mechanisms and opioid use in adult patients with bone metastasis. Validated measures were used to assess pain intensity, incident pain, psychological distress, addictive behavior and cognition.
Results: Among 147 eligible patients, 95.2% completed assessment. Mean participant age was 73.2 years, the majority female (52.1%) with breast cancer occurring most commonly (25.7%). One or more ECS-CP features were present in 96.4% and CIBP in 75.7% of patients. The median average and worst pain scores were 3 and 6, respectively. Neuropathic pain was the most prevalent pain mechanism (45.0%) and associated with breakthrough pain frequency (p=0.014). Three-quarters had incident pain, which was strongly associated with a higher average and worst pain scores (3.5 and 7, p<0.001 for both), background oral morphine equivalent daily dose (26.7mg, p=0.005), and frequency of daily breakthrough analgesia (1.7 doses/day, p=0.007). Psychological distress (n=90, 64.3%) was associated with significantly higher average pain score (4, p=0.009) and slightly higher worst pain score (7, p=0.054). Addictive behaviour and cognitive dysfunction were relatively uncommon (18.6% and 12.9%, respectively).
Conclusion: There is a need to promote standardized assessment and classification of pain syndromes such as CIBP. The ECS-CP may allow us to consider CIBP in a systematic manner and develop personalized pain interventions appropriate to the pain profile.
Trial registration in ANZCTR ACTRN12622000853741 (16/06/2022) retrospectively registered.
Contextual, Maternal, and Infant Factors in Preventable Infant Deaths: a Statewide Cross-sectional Study in Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Kreutz Ivete Maria , Santos Ina S.
Published: September 2022

Background: Ending preventable deaths of newborns and children under five by 2030 is among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to measure infant mortality rate due to preventable causes in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Southernmost state in Brazil. With 11,329,605 inhabitants and 141,568 live births in 2017, RS was the fifth most populous state in the country.
Method: A cross-sectional statewide study, with data extracted from records of the Mortality Information System, Death Certificates, and Live Birth Certificates for the year 2017. Preventability was estimated by applying the List of Causes of Deaths Preventable through Intervention of SUS (acronym for Sistema Unico de Saude - Brazilian Unified Health System) Intervention. Rates of preventable infant mortality (PIMR), preventable early neonatal mortality (PENMR), preventable late neonatal mortality (PLNMR), and preventable post-neonatal mortality (PPNMR) per 1000 live births (LB) were quantified. Incidence ratios, according to contextual characteristics (human development index of the health region and of the municipality; Gini index of the municipality), maternal characteristics at the time of delivery (age, education, self-reported skin color, presence of a partner, number of antenatal care consultations, and type of delivery), and characteristics of the child at the time of birth (gestational age, weight, and pregnancy type) were calculated.
Results:In 2017, there were 141,568 live births and 1,425 deaths of infants younger than one year old, of which 1,119 were preventable (PIMR=7.9:1000 LB). The PENMR, PLNMR, and PPNMR were 4.1:1000 LB; 1.5:1000 LB; and 2.3:1000 LB, respectively. More than 60% of deaths in the first week and 57.5% in the late neonatal period could be reduced through adequate care of the woman during pregnancy. The most frequent preventable neonatal causes were related to prematurity, mainly acute respiratory syndrome, and non-specified bacterial septicemia. In the post-neonatal period, 31.8% of deaths could be prevented through adequate diagnostic and treatment.
Conclusions:The strategies needed to reduce preventable infant deaths should preferably focus on preventing prematurity, through adequate care of the woman during pregnancy, and not on its consequences.
The tRNA-degradation pathway impacts the phenotype and metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence from atipt2 and atipt9 knockout mutants
Authors: Nguyen Hai Ngoc , Butler Cody , Palberg Daniel , Kisiala Anna B , Emery R.J. Neil
Published: September 2022

Isopentenyltransferases (IPTs), including adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferases (ATP/ADP-IPTs and AMP-IPTs) and tRNA‐isopentenyltransferases (tRNA-IPTs), are responsible for a rate-limiting step of cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis. tRNA-IPTs, which account for the synthesis of cis-zeatin (cZ)-type CKs, are less understood and often thought to play a housekeeping role or have low activity during plant growth and development. Here, two Arabidopsis tRNA-IPT knockout mutants, atipt2 and atipt9, with independent disturbance of the pathway leading to cisCKs were investigated at the phenotype and metabolite levels at four stages of plant development: first leaf, inflorescence, siliques, and mature seed. Phenotypic deviations were noted in rosette diameter, number of non-rosette leaves, shoot height, flowering time, flower number, carotenoid content, trichome development, and above-ground fresh mass. Hormone profiling by high-performance liquid chromatography - high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS) showed that the atipt2 mutant accumulates lower total cisCKs in the first leaves and in siliques. The atipt9 mutant showed reduced total cisCKs in first leaves, but, during silique development, it had higher levels of cisCKs in than those of the wild type (WT) plants. Additionally, metabolite detection was performed via an untargeted approach using HPLC-HRMS. A total of 33 significant features differing in abundance between ipt mutants and the WT were putatively identified based on database search. Matched metabolites included those that participate in hormone cross-talk, fatty acid synthesis, seed set and germination, and in stress acclimation. Evidence indicates that cisCK production is important for plant growth and development, in ways distinct from CKs produced from de novo pathway.
Ligand Vacancy Channels in Pillared Inorganic-Organic Hybrids for Electrocatalytic Organic Oxidation with Enzymatic Activities
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Jili , Meng Lingshen , Li Jianan , Hao Yaming , Jiang Tao , Yang Xuejing , Li Yefei , Liu Zhipan , Gong Ming
Published: September 2022

Simultaneously achieving abundant and well-defined active sites with high selectivity has been one of the ultimate goals for heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we constructed a class of Ni hydroxychloride (NiHC)-based inorganic-organic hybrid electrocatalysts with the inorganic NiHC chains pillared by the bidentate N-N ligands. The precise evacuation of N-N ligands under ultrahigh-vacuum forms ligand vacancies while partially remaining some ligands as structural pillars. The high density of ligand vacancies forms the active vacancy channel with abundant and highly-accessible undercoordinated Ni sites, exhibiting 5–25 fold and 20–400 fold activity enhancement compared to the hybrid pre-catalyst and standard β-Ni(OH)2for the electrochemical oxidation of 27 different organic substrates. The tunable N-N ligand could also tailor the sizes of the vacancy channels to significantly impact on the adsorption configuration for the unprecedented substrate-dependent reactivities on hydroxide/oxide catalysts. This approach bridges heterogenous and homogeneous catalysis for creating efficient and functional catalysis with enzyme-like properties.
Differential Cortical Network Engagement During States of Un/Consciousness
Authors: Zelmann Rina , Paulk Angelique , Tian Fangyun , Balanza Gustavo , Peralta Jaquelin Dezha , Crocker Britni , Cosgrove G Rees , Richardson R. Mark , Williams Ziv , Dougherty Darin , Purdon Patrick , Cash Sydney
Published: September 2022

The neural basis of consciousness remains a major unresolved issue in human neuroscience. To better understand how cortical networks are engaged during different states of consciousness, we utilized multi-region intracranial single-pulse direct electrical stimulation to examine circuit and network interactions during three canonical states of consciousness: wake, sleep, and under propofol-induced general anesthesia. Increased variability in cortical responses, reduced information transfer, and reduced complexity characterized states of diminished consciousness. Notably, however, these metrics differed in different brain regions and types of unconscious states. Anesthesia induced more overall changes in brain responses than sleep. Brain activity changes were largely anatomically uniform during sleep, contrasting with a substantial and selective disconnection of the prefrontal cortices during anesthesia. These results suggest that the obliteration of consciousness during anesthesia results not from just altered overall physiology but from a disconnection between prefrontal areas and other brain areas.
Investigation of the effect of fly ash content on the bonding performance of CFRP-concrete interface in sulfate environment
Authors: Liu Shengwei , Li Qi , Zhang Jiawei , Bai Chengyu , Zhao Kun , Jin Gaoming
Published: September 2022

The present study focuses on the investigation of the interfacial bond behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-concrete under dry-wet sulfate cycles by double-sided shear testing. Besides, the effects of fly ash content on the interfacial failure characteristics, interfacial debonding bearing capacity, CFRP strain distribution, and interfacial shear stress peak were analyzed. The interfacial debonding capacity, maximum CFRP strain, and peak value of interfacial shear stress of the CFRP-concrete interface decreased with increasing erosion time under the sulfate dry-wet cycle's action, according to the sulfate dry-wet cycle test results. The sulfate resistance of the CFRP-concrete interface increased after the addition of fly ash. However, the final decrease amplitude of interfacial debonding capacity, CFRP maximum strain, and maximum interfacial shear stress all reduced as the fly ash content increased. The effective bond length of the interface gradually increased with increasing erosion time; however, the change in fly ash content had little effect on the effective bond length, and the final effective bond length of the samples with different fly ash content was the same. Moreover, the CFRP-concrete interfacial bearing capacity model under the sulfate dry-wet cycle was established by introducing sulfate's comprehensive influence coefficient and considering fly ash content's influence. In conclusion, the comparative analysis of the prediction model and test results revealed that the prediction model could well reflect the degradation law of interfacial debonding bearing capacity with sulfate attack time.
GKLOMLI: A link prediction model for inferring miRNA-lncRNA interactions by using Gaussian kernel-based method on network profile and linear optimization algorithm
Authors: Wong Leon , Wang Lei , You Zhu-Hong , Yuan Chang-An , Huang Yu-An , Cao Mei-Yuan
Published: September 2022

Background
The limited knowledge of miRNA-lncRNA interactions is considered as an obstruction of revealing the regulatory mechanism. Accumulating evidence on Human diseases indicates that the modulation of gene expression has a great relationship with the interactions between miRNAs and lncRNAs. However, such interaction validation via CLIP-seq experiments inevitably costs too much money and time but with unsatisfactory results. Therefore, more and more computational prediction tools have been developed to offer many reliable candidates for a better design of further bio-experiments.
Methods
In this work, we proposed a novel link prediction model called GKLOMLI. Given an observed interaction profile without any test sample, the Gaussian kernel-based method was employed to output two similarity matrixes of miRNAs and lncRNAs. Based on the integrated matrix combined with similarity matrixes and the observed interaction network, a linear optimization-based link prediction model was trained for inferring miRNA-lncRNA interactions.
Results
To evaluate the performance of our proposed method, k-fold cross-validation (CV) and leave-one-out CV were implemented, in which each CV experiment was carried out 100 times on a training set generated randomly. The high AUCs at 0.8623 ± 0.0027 (2-fold CV), 0.9053 ± 0.0017 (5-fold CV), 0.9151 ± 0.0013 (10-fold CV), and 0.9236 (LOO-CV), illustrated the precision and reliability of our proposed method.
Conclusion
GKLOMLI with high performance is anticipated to be used to reveal underlying interactions between miRNA and their target lncRNAs and decipher the potential mechanisms of the complex diseases.
Model-predicted geometry variations to compensate material variability in the design of classical guitars
Authors: Brauchler Alexander , Gonzalez Sebastian , Vierneisel Manuel , Ziegler Pascal , Antonacci Fabio , Sarti Augusto , Eberhard Peter
Published: September 2022

Musical instrument making is often considered a mysterious form of art, its secrets still escaping scientific quantification. There is not yet a formula to make a good instrument, so historical examples are regarded as the pinnacle of the craft. This is the case of Stradivari’s violins or Torres guitars that serve as both models and examples to follow. Geometric copies of these instruments are still the preferred way of building new ones, yet reliably making acoustic copies of them remains elusive. One reason for this is that the variability of the wood used for instruments makes for a significant source of uncertainty -- no two pieces of wood are the same. In this article, using state-of-the-art methodologies, we show a method for matching the vibrational response of two guitar top plates made with slightly different materials. To validate our method, we build two guitar soundboards: one serving as a reference and the second acting as a copy to which we apply model-predicted geometry variations. The results are twofold. Firstly, we can experimentally validate the predictive capabilities of our numerical model regarding geometry changes. Secondly, we can significantly reduce the deviation between the two plates by these precisely predicted geometry variations. Although applied to guitars here, the methodology can be extended to other instruments, e.g. violins, in a similar fashion. The implications of such a methodology for the craft could be far-reaching by turning instrument-making more into a science than artistic craftsmanship and paving the way to accurately copy historical instruments of a high value.
Length-weight relationship and Condition factor of three freshwater eel fish species from Khan Sahib River, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ponnuvel Mohanchander , Kaliyamoorthy Kalidasan , Narayanasamy Rajendran , M Ashiq Ur Rahman
Published: September 2022

The length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factor (Kn) for three freshwater fish species of Mastacembelidae (Synbranchiformes) lies in the Khan Sahib River is presented. Fishes were collected monthly from October 2017 to September 2018 using trap and drag nets of mesh sizes between 3.5 to 10 mm. The estimated parameters of ‘a’ and ‘b’ for the freshwater eels were ranged from − 4.101 to − 4.596 and 2.625 to 2.751, respectively. The mean and standard (Mean ± SE) relative condition factor (Kn) value ranged from 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.34 ± 0.07 for Mastacembelus armatus, 0.14 ± 0.003 to 0.33 ± 0.08 for Macrognathus siamensis and 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.26 ± 0.02 for Macrognathus aral. This work has provided a primary data base and calls for further studies of Mastacembelidae for deriving sustainable fishery strategies.
Patients' Attitudes towards Switching to National Volume-Based Procurement (NVBP) Drugs -A Qualitative Investigation in Wuhan, China
Authors: Tao Jinyi , Li Shihong , Xu Qiling , Gong Shiwei , Zeng Fang
Published: September 2022

Background
The implementation of the NVBP policy has generated considerable reductions in drug procurement prices and an increase in the market share of the NVBP drugs.This study aimed to investigate patients' attitudes towards switching to drugs of national volume-based procurement (NVBP) and identify their underlying influencing factors in Wuhan, China.
Methods
A total of 21 eligible patients from the Wuhan Union Hospital who were changed to use the NVBP medications between January 2022 and May 2022 were included in our study. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect interview information and the interview data was analyzed by the Colaizzi seven-step method.
Results
Twenty-one semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. The duration of each interview was 25–35 minutes and three themes related to patients' attitudes and their influencing factors were extracted, including (1) Patients' perception of the NVBP drugs; (2) Family and social influence to patients; (3) Medication habits of patients. This study found: 1) Most patients (n = 15) showed a positive attitude towards switching to NVBP medicines; 2)Almost all patients (n = 17) have felt a significant reduction in their medication cost after the implementation of the NVBP policy;3༉Advices from healthcare professionals and health insurance reimbursement policies showed great impacts on patient acceptance of the use of the NVBP drugs༛4༉Attitudes towards switching to the NVBP drugs varied considerably among patients with different severities of disease.
Conclusion
The implementation of the NVBP policy has significantly reduced the cost of healthcare for patients and has been supported by the majority of patients. However, some issues have been identified in the implementation of the policy in this study. Health professionals in general need to contribute more efforts to improve patients' preconceptions about the NVBP and boost their confidence in the NVBP drugs.