bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Содержательно-функциональный потенциал фразеологизированного комплекса в кинодискурсе
Authors: Е.В. Бутенко
Published: November 2024

предметом исследования является семантико-стилистическая и функциональная специфика дискурсивных комплексов, построенных на основе фразеологизмов/идиом. Выступая в качестве смыслового ядра диктемного, тематизирующего звена в кинотексте, эти языковые средства генерируют нетривиальное содержательное поле. Его фразеосхема неизбежно включает саму фразеологическую единицу, а также коррелируемые с нею компоненты прямого значения. Семантика диктемы, контекстуально-ситуативного сегмента текста, формируется отношениями лингвокогнитивной скоординированности и трансформации, что может вызывать трудности восприятия и интерпретации смысла. Будучи структурно и семантически образующей основой, идиома моделирует содержательно-коннотативное приращение, распространяя признак фразеологичности в четких рамках диктемы. Целью исследования является идентификация фразеологизированного комплекса, что включает спецификацию средств его построения и способов корреляции аддитивного компонента с конститутивным – идиомой. В соответствии с обозначенной целью задачами исследования фразеологизированных объектов становятся 1) их функционально-параметрическое описание, 2) выделение логико-семантических отношений компонентов, связывающих составляющие в единый лингвокогнитивный комплекс, 3) способы отображения изучаемого явления в языке перевода. Определение тактики решения транслатологических задач лингвостилистического и культурологического характера составляет практическую значимость работы и обуславливает ее актуальность.

the subject of this research is the semantic, stylistic and functional specificity of discursive complexes built on the basis of phraseological units/idioms. Acting as the semantic core of the dictema, thematic unit in the film text, these linguistic means generate a non-trivial content field. Its phraseological scheme inevitably includes an idiom itself, as well as the components of direct meaning correlated with it. The semantics of the dictema is formed by the relations of linguo-cognitive coordination and transformation, which can cause difficulties in perceiving and interpreting the meaning. Being a structurally and semantically forming basis, the idiom models a content-connotative increment, expanding idiomaticity features within the framework of the dictema. The purpose of the study is to identify the phraseologized complex, which includes specifying its construction means and the ways of correlating the additive component with the constitutive one – the idiom. In accordance with the designated purpose, the objectives of the study of phraseologized objects are 1) their functional and parametric description, 2) the allocation of logical and semantic relations of components linking components into a single linguocognitive complex, 3) ways of displaying the phenomenon under study in the translation language. Adaptation tactics, solving translatological problems of a linguo-stylistic and culturological nature in the target language, constitutes the practical significance of the work and proves its relevance.
Содержание интегральной тренировки юных самбистов
Authors: А.Э. Болотин , А.В. Соломатин , Л.В. Морозова , Л.А. Кирьянова , С.Л. Емельянцев
Published: November 2024

в статье показано, что содержание интегральной тренировки имеет целесообразную последовательность применения упражнений скоростно-силовой направленности: – освоение отдельных упражнений общего воздействия на улучшение межмышечной координации под воздействием силовой нагрузки невысокой интенсивности; – применение комплексов подводящих средств и методов скоростно-силового характера, стимулирующих резервные возможности спортсменов; – акцентированное использование модулей силовых упражнений на группы мышц, участвующих в работе для развития специальной силы борца; – трансформация силовых возможностей в специальную мощность борца посредством тренировочных заданий, моделирующих ситуации и условия реального спортивного поединка. Психолого-педагогической задачей тренера является рациональное формирование групп и индивидуальное распределение физической нагрузки. Было установлено, что средствами интегральной тренировки можно целенаправленно развивать и улучшать необходимые силовые и скоростные качества, составлять индивидуальную программу их развития, достигать конкретных результатов педагогической работы.

the article shows that the content of integral training has a reasonable sequence of application of speed-strength exercises: – mastering individual exercises with a general effect on improving intermuscular coordination under the influence of a low-intensity power load; – the use of complexes of supply means and methods of speed and strength character, stimulating the reserve capabilities of athletes; – the accentuated use of modules of strength exercises for muscle groups involved in the work for the development of special strength of the wrestler; – transformation of strength capabilities into special power of a wrestler through training tasks that simulate situations and conditions of a real sports match. The psychological and pedagogical task of the coach is the rational formation of groups and individual distribution of physical activity. It was found that by means of integral training, it is possible to purposefully develop and improve the necessary strength and speed qualities, draw up an individual program for their development, and achieve specific results of pedagogical work.
Promoting Public Managerial Sustainability: The Relevance of Social Support For Managers Coping With Work-Related Stress
Authors: Lidén Alina , Lindén Magnus , Westrup Ulrika
Published: November 2024

Statistics reveal the concerning prevalence of mental health issues among Swedish public sector managers, highlighting the critical need for deeper insights into the relevance of social support in coping with work-related stress. This study aims to examine the relevance of various sources of social support for managers coping with work-related stress, an area relatively underexplored in public administration research. Data was collected using a survey completed by 172 managers working in Sweden. The results show that supervisory support, the support of a network of managers within the organisation, and a supportive communication climate were all significant predictors of how stress levels are coped with. Notably, the support of a network of managers within the organisation emerged as the most influential predictor. This study contributes, both theoretically and practically, by offering indicative insights into how organisations can support managers in managing their work-related stress.
The impact of remote and flexible working arrangements
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Hobbs Abbi
Published: November 2024

Flexible working could increase wellbeing and productivity, but benefits are not equally distributed throughout the population and could increase inequalities.
Health inequalities: research and policy
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 has brought the drivers behind health inequality into sharp focus. But are there resources available to meet research and policy needs?
Mental health and well-being in the context of COVID-19
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Bunn Sarah
Published: November 2024

The impacts of COVID-19 on mental health remain unclear. Initial research suggests disproportional impact on children, young people and those with pre-existing mental health conditions.
Rapid quantification of isovaleraldehyde in sake by HPLC with post-column fluorescent derivatisation
Authors: Takahashi Masayuki , Akamatsu Fumikazu , Isogai Atsuko , Lin Che-Chung , Kamimoto Maki , Fujita Akiko
Published: November 2024

Why was the work done: Elevated levels of isovaleraldehyde (3-methylbutanal) in sake gives rise to an unfavourable aroma of ‘mureka’ or ‘stuffy smell’. The concentration of isovaleraldehyde is typically higher in unpasteurised than pasteurised sake.  Controlling the concentration of isovaleraldehyde in unpasteurised sake remains a major challenge for quality control. As existing methods for the quantification of isovaleraldehyde in sake require specialised sample preparation, there is a need for a simple and precise method.
How was the work done: High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and post-column derivatisation (HPLC-PCD-FLD) for determining the isovaleraldehyde content in sake has been developed with optimisation of the separation of peaks and derivatisation of aldehyde compounds. The new method was compared with the established method of headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS).
What are the main findings: The limit of quantification of the new method was 87 µg/L, and accordingly, the HPLC-PCD-FLD method could determine the concentration of isovaleraldehyde in sake below the reported threshold level. The precision of the HPLC-PCD-FLD method for the analysis of sake containing isovaleraldehyde (> threshold level) either matched or was superior to the HS-SPME-GC-MS method.
Why is the work important: The new approach requires only particle removal for sample preparation, with an rapid analysis time (<1 h per sample), and requires a smaller sample volume (≈ 100 µL) than the alternative method (10 mL). These improvements contribute to a simpler and more efficient workflow for routine analysis of isovaleraldehyde in the quality control of sake.
MRI Assessment of Cerebral White Matter Microvascular Hemodynamics Across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: Damestani Nikou , Jacoby John , Michel Christa , Rashid Barnaly , Salat David , Juttukonda Meher
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The mechanisms underlying age-related structural neurodegeneration are not well understood, limiting our knowledge of atypical versus typical aging. Goal(s): Our goal was to use data involving advanced hemodynamic and structural MRI techniques tailored to white matter to characterize the aging process. Approach: We used data from a large cohort of the Human Connectome Project in Aging to investigate the relationship between brain blood flow and white matter tract microstructural integrity. Results: We found strong relationships between white matter hemodynamics and tract integrity that were affected by both age and sex. Impact: These findings could reveal potential underlying physiological mechanisms behind structural changes during typical aging. This could help us understand healthy brain aging and encourage future research to target hemodynamic biomarkers to understand neurodegeneration.
Low-Latency Reconstruction of Real-Time Cine MRI Using an Unrolled Network
Authors: Vornehm Marc , Wetzl Jens , Fürnrohr Florian , Giese Daniel , Ahmad Rizwan , Knoll Florian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Interactive real-time MRI requires low reconstruction latencies. Deep learning-based methods are promising, but unrolled networks like the Variational Network have longer inference times than purely image-based methods. Goal(s): Design and train a Variational Network with high reconstruction quality and inference times suitable for interactive real-time applications. Approach: Modify the Variational Network architecture such that few unrolling steps are sufficient for high reconstruction quality with short inference times. Results: The proposed architectural modifications allowed to halve the number of unrolling steps without compromising image quality, therefore enabling considerably shortened reconstruction times. Impact: Two modifications to an unrolled Variational Network architecture for MRI reconstruction are proposed. These enable reconstructing interactive real-time cardiac cine MRI with high reconstruction quality while maintaining minimal reconstruction latency.
Radio-pathomic signatures within and beyond FLAIR hyperintensity predict prognosis in glioblastoma following gross total resection
Authors: Duenweg Savannah , Flatley Michael , Winiarz Aleksandra , Bobholz Samuel , Lowman Allison , Nath Biprojit , Kyereme Fitzgerald , Connelly Jennifer , Coss Dylan , Krucoff Max , Banerjee Anjishnu , LaViolette Peter
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly lethal brain tumor, poses a significant threat to patient survival, even after gross total resection (GTR). Goal(s): This study explored whether radio-pathomic features from autopsy-trained models could predict survival in GTR-treated GBM patients. Approach: The relationship between cell density and tumor probability (TPM) beyond the FLAIR hyperintense (FH) region, as well as a habitat-based labeling within FH was investigated. Cox regressions evaluated the impact of habitat volume and radio-pathomic characteristics within FH on survival. Results: The study revealed that radio-pathomic features of FH predicted overall survival, suggesting the ability to identify infiltrative tumor ultimately missed by surgery. Impact: In GTR-treated GBM patients, the presence of infiltrative tumor cells within and beyond FLAIR hyperintensity may predict patient prognosis and could be used for optimizing treatment.
Is edema of malignant glioma different from edema of other tumors? Analysis of time dependent diffusion image using ternary plot method
Authors: Taoka Toshiaki , Ito Rintaro , Nakamichi Rei , Nakane Toshiki , Ichikawa Kazushige , Mori Takaya , Masanori Ozaki , Ichinose Nobuyasu , Tanaka Yoshiki , Naganawa Shinji
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The edema around a malignant glioma contains infiltrating tumor cells. The motivation for this study was to determine the characteristics of the edema of malignant glioma. Goal(s): The goal is to evaluate the characteristics of edema around malignant gliomas using a combination of the oscillating gradient spin echo and pulsed gradient spin echo. Approach: The ternary plot method is used to evaluate the characteristics of edema by using a plot of existing tissue as an internal reference. Results: Edema of malignant gliomas showed a different distribution in relation to the internal reference in the ternary plot method compared to edema of other tumors. Impact: Ternary plot method was used to present pixel values obtained from oscillating gradient spin echo and pulsed gradient spin echo, and existing tissues were evaluated as internal references, which was thought to enable evaluation of the histological properties of edema.
MRI-based habitats to quantify tumor microenvironment normalization in glioblastoma: validation with histology and transcriptomics
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Wu Hao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The lack of in vivo and noninvasive biomarkers to quantify tumor microenvironment (TME) normalization hinders the evaluation of bevacizumab (BEV) therapy response in glioblastoma (GBM). Goal(s): To quantify TME normalization during BEV therapy in GBM by conventional and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). Approach: The MRI-based habitats were generated by Gaussian mixture model in patient-derived GBM models. Spatial-paired analyses of MRI, histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to validate the effetiveness of habitats. Results: A total of eight habitats were generated to quantify TME normalization spatiotemporally. Habitat7 was strongly correlated with TME normalization-associated phenotypes including pericyte coverage, hypoxia and immune cell infiltration. Impact: We developed and validated a quantitative mpMRI-based biomarker to characterize TME normalization in GBM. This may provide a new in vivo approach for precise evaluation of BEV therapy response in GBM noninvasively.
The Correlation between Choroid Plexus and Protein Biomarkers in the Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Hu Yueqin , Feng Xue , Meyer Craig , Zhao Li
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Dysfunction of the glymphatic system is one of the possible causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We hypothesize that the choroid plexus (CP), the major site of CSF secretion, is associated with the hallmarks of AD, Aβ and tau protein deposition. Goal(s): to investigate the association between CP and hallmark proteins in the AD. Approach: Based on the proposed CP segmentation pipeline, univariate regression and stepwise regression models were employed to analyse correlations between CP and AD. Results: Our work shows that the ratio between CP and parenchyma is correlated with Aβ42 and p-tau (p<0.001) and the CP volume is correlated with t-tau (p<0.001). Impact: The proposed CP segmentation pipeline provided improved sensitivity to detect the correlations between CP/parenchyma ratio and Aβ42 and p-tau. This work may indicate the choroid plexus a possbile biomarker for AD.
Relaxation-exchange imaging (REXI) for the measurement of trans-barrier water exchange in choroid plexus
Authors: Wu Xuetao , Wang Zejun , Yin Yu , He Qingping , Hsu Yi-Cheng , Xue Rong , Bai Ruiliang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Scarcity of non-invasive imaging techniques of choroid plexus function hindered our knowledge of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Goal(s): We aimed to measure the trans-barrier water exchange rate in choroid plexus. Approach: We developed a new imaging method and contrast mechanism, named relaxation-exchange imaging (REXI), and validated its feasibility on both phantoms and rats. Results: REXI successfully captured the changes in proton exchange rate of urea-water phantoms at varying pH. In-vivo experiments on rats showed the potential of REXI to measure the trans-barrier water exchange in choroid plexus. Impact: Given the emerging importance of neurofluids and choroid plexus, our novel MRI method REXI provides a way to measure the trans-barrier water exchange in CP and a potential imaging tool to evaluate CP function in future studies.
Unveiling Choroid Plexus Changes in Multiple Sclerosis using 7T MRI
Authors: Sun Zhe , Ge Yulin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Conventional imaging limits the assessment of choroid plexus (ChP) inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Goal(s): Use high-resolution MRI with 0.25mm2 matrix at 7T to assess ChP changes in MS patients compared to controls and explore correlations with lesion volumes. Approach: In 14 MS patients and 9 controls, ChPs were categorized into vascular and stromal compartments using 7T T2* imaging, and vessel-to-stroma ration was compared between the two groups. Results: The ChP's vessel-to-stroma ratio quantified by 7T T2*w MRI was lower in MS patients, correlating negatively with lesion volume. Furthermore, the age-related decline was more rapid in MS patients compared to controls. Impact: This pilot study suggests that the vessel-to-stroma ratio of ChP, as revealed by high-resolution 2D-GRE 7T T2* imaging, could potentially serve as an imaging marker for inflammatory and degenerative changes of ChP in MS patients.
How chronic cortical hypoperfusion affects choroid plexus in patients with moyamoya disease?
Authors: Hara Shoko , Kikuta Junko , Takabayashi Kaito , Chen Hongkai , Kamagata Koji , Tanaka Yoji , Hori Masaaki , Nariai Tadashi , Aoki Shigeki , Maehara Taketoshi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: How chronic cortical hypoperfusion affects choroid plexus, an important structure to maintain neurofluid dynamics, has rarely reported. Goal(s): To investigate changes of choroid plexus after revascularization surgery to improve chronic hypoperfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. Approach: Eighteen adult patients with moyamoya disease were evaluated with T1WI and ASL before and one year after surgery. Choroid plexus volume and cortical perfusion were compared before and one year after the surgery. Results: After the surgery, choroid plexus volume decreased (1.65 (0.55) ml vs. 1.52 (0.51) ml; P=0.014), while cortical perfusion improved (P=0.001). Impact: Choroid plexus may be hyperactivated and proliferated when cortical hypoperfusion and decreased glymphatic system function exist. After the revascularization surgery and restoration of cortical perfusion and glymphatic system function, choroid plexus may shrink to the normal function.
Time-Resolved Biomechanics using Spectro-Dynamic MRI: Proof of Principle in the Muscles of the Thigh
Authors: van Riel Max , Heesterbeek David , Froeling Martijn , van Leeuwen Tristan , van den Berg Cornelis , Sbrizzi Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Measurements of biomechanical tissue properties require time-resolved reconstructions from dynamic experiments. The Spectro-Dynamic MRI framework achieves this by working directly from k-space data. Goal(s): To develop an experimental setup and reconstruction method with which time-resolved biomechanical information can be measured in vivo. Approach: An inflatable pressure cuff deformed the thigh muscles of a volunteer. Time-resolved images and strain maps were reconstructed directly from k-space data using the Spectro-Dynamic MRI framework. Results: Principal strains were obtained for different muscles in the thigh at a temporal resolution of 352 ms. The first principal strain direction could differentiate between muscle structures, indicating different underlying biomechanical properties. Impact: The reconstruction of time-resolved images and strains using Spectro-Dynamic MRI allows for time-resolved measurements of biomechanical parameters during dynamic loads with a straightforward experimental setup. This information is useful for studying the mechanical behavior of tissues.
Metabolic characterization of the rat motor cortex with fMRS upon chemogenetic excitation
Authors: Just Nathalie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To complement previous fMRI studies of interhemispheric pathways, we propose to characterize the interhemispheric metabolism using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-fMRS). Goal(s): To demonstrate the feasibility of chemogenetic 1H-fMRS in the rat brain at 7T. Approach: DREADDs and Sham viruses were injected in the right motor cortex of rat. Neural activation was induced by a 1mg/kg IP bolus of Clozapine-N Oxide (CNO). Spectra were acquired continuously prior and following CNO injection and quantified with a temporal resolution of 5 minutes. Results: Relative concentration changes were found for myo-Inositol, Taurine, Glutamate and NAA in the motor cortex of chemo-induced rats following CNO injection. Impact: Functional metabolic findings will greatly complement our knowledge of interhemispheric pathway allowing a better understanding of long-distance circuits known to initiate both excitation and inhibition.
Brain metabolic alteration at a late phase of immune fatigue model mice using parahydrogen-polarized [1-13C] pyruvate MRI.
Authors: Matsumoto Shingo , Tomiyama Hayate , Hirata Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Long-lasting brain issues including cognitive impairments after infections have become a worldwide problem after COVID-19. Goal(s): Our goal was to detect brain metabolic alteration at a late phase of immune fatigue. Approach: Parahydrogen-polarized 13C MRI of pyruvate metabolism was applied in the brain of 3 days poly I:C treated mice. Results: Alteration of brain pyruvate metabolism toward glycolysis was observed in both acute phase at day 3 and late phase at day 14 of immune fatigue model mice, which was correlated with diminished dopamine signal marker and nighttime moving distance in open-field test. Impact: Our demonstration of a detectable alteration of brain pyruvate metabolism by parahydrogen-polarized 13C MRI at a late phase of immune fatigue mice can be a useful biomarker of cognitive impairments after infections such as brain fog of long-COVID.
Cell-Specific Mapping of MR Spectroscopic Signatures: A Pilot Study in a Murine Glioma Model
Authors: Wang Yizun , Saha Urbi , Milad Marina , Roy Edward , Smith Andrew , Lam Fan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Effective monitoring of tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy should benefit from new in vivo imaging capability to resolve cell-specific contributions at tissue level. Goal(s): To develop a new MRSI-based approach to resolve tumor cell-specific components at individual imaging voxels leveraging the spectral dimensions. Approach: We proposed a multiscale experimental and computational MRSI framework that learns cell-specific spectroscopic signatures from glioma cell lines and resolves intravoxel nontumor and tumor-specific components in vivo using the learned signatures. Results: Results from cellular mixtures and glioma-bearing mice demonstrated the potential of our method. Time-dependent, spatially-resolved tumor cell maps can be obtained, showing tumor growth in vivo. Impact: The proposed approach marks a potential new paradigm to map cellular complexity at tissue level leveraging additional imaging dimensions and machine learning. It holds the promise to provide new tools for tumor grading, progression monitoring and treatment assessment.
Nomogram to predict hemorrhagic transformation using arterial spin labeling MRI in acute ischemic stroke with mechanical endovascular therapy
Authors: huang jianbin , xu yikai , deng kan , hao peng , zhong zhiping
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is the most severe complication of acute ischemic stroke. Goal(s): The present study was to construct and internally validate a nomogram model based on pre-treatment arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI to predict HT in AIS patientsApproach: This retrospective study enrolled 117 AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that baseline NIHSS, ADC value and pre-treatment ASL hyperperfusion were independent factors affecting HT. Those independent predictors were then incorporated to develop a predictive nomogram model. Results: The nomogram model, could reliably calculated the probability of HT in AIS patients with mechanical endovascular therapy. Impact: The prediction model has significant clinical implications, which could guide clinical screening of high-risk patients and develop more targeted prevention strategies.
PERFUSION MAPS QUANTIFICATION USING A NOVELTY SPATIOTEMPORAL CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Cao Anbo , Lee Pin-Yu , Kang Yan , Guo Jia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Traditional methods employing deconvolution techniques to estimate perfusion parameters, like singular value decomposition, are known to be vulnerable to noise, potentially distorting the derived perfusion parameters. Goal(s): We try to use deep learning methods to achieve accurate perfusion parameter estimation and we also identified the clinical utility of these parameters. Approach: Data and preprocessing: The gold standard perfusion parameter maps and hypo-perfused masks were generated using commercial software RAPID. 52/86 for the training and validation/testing. Network architecture: Spatio network and Temporal network. Loss function: the supervised and unsupervised loss function. Results: All metrics showed a high degree of consistency with the ground truth. Impact: Based on this study, we can achieve AI-based automation of imaging, quantification, and analysis in the future, which will significantly change the current landscape of clinical treatment, reducing costs while minimizing harm to the human body.
Inline automatic quality control of 2D phase-contrast flow MR imaging for subject-specific scan time adaptation
Authors: Daudé Pierre , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Javed Ahsan , Lederman Robert , Chow Kelvin , Campbell-Washburn Adrienne
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Conventional fixed duration acquisitions can result in patient-dependent image quality, leading to either unnecessarily long scan times or insufficient quality across patients. Goal(s): We propose an inline automatic quality control based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve consistent diagnostic image quality and apply it to 2D phase-contrast flow MRI. Approach: We designed a closed-loop feedback framework between image reconstruction and data acquisition to automatically stop the acquisition when a target SNR is achieved. Ten healthy volunteers and one patient were imaged at 0.55T. Results: Deployed inline, the SNR stop threshold saved 53% of the scan duration, with a variation of ±1min across subjects.Impact: The inline automatic quality control enables a subject-specific optimized scan time while ensuring consistent diagnostic image quality. The distribution of automated stopping times across the population revealed the value of a subject-specific scan time.
Spiral Real-time Phase Contrast MR on a 0.55T MRI System
Authors: Jin Ning , Chen Chong , Varghese Juliet , Binzel Katherine , Liu Yingmin , Ahmad Rizwan , Simonetti Orlando
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Free-breathing (FB) real-time phase contrast (RT-PC) MR is very useful to resolve the beat-by-beat variations and for patients for whom breath-holding poses a challenge; however its feasibility remains to be tested at low-field. Goal(s): To develop a FB RT-PC MR technique on a clinical wide-bore 0.55T MR scanner with reduced gradient performance. Approach: FB RT-PC was developed using a dual-density spiral readout with a modified golden-angle rotation strategy and compressed sensing reconstruction. Flow quantifications were compared with the conventional BH segmented PC approach. Results: Our proposed method yielded flow measurements of comparable accuracy and effectively captured the peak flow dynamics at low-field. Impact: The proposed RT PC MR technique for low-field systems could enable flow imaging for patients with arrhythmias, critical illnesses, or claustrophobia, potentially making cardiac MRI more accessible and patient-friendly in a variety of clinical settings.
Venous Return in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessed with 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Houston Timothy , Dushfunian David , Markl Michael , Wieben Oliver , Prince Martin , Shen Wei , Carr James , Bluemke David , Backman Michael , Jambawalikar Sachin , Venkatesh Bharath , Lima Joao , Agarwal Prachi , Finn John , Cooper Christopher , Liu Jing , Lee Yoo Jin , Schroeder Joyce , Kitzman Dalane , Barr Graham
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are associated with hemodynamic changes in the pulmonary vasculature, possibly related to increased intra-thoracic pressure during expiration, altering venous return into the thorax. Goal(s): Assess the association of respiratory dysfunction with hemodynamic parameters of venous return. Approach: Velocity, kinetic energy, and stasis in the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava were quantified with 4D Flow MRI in 72 subjects across the COPD spectrum in an ongoing study (SPIROMICS HF). Results: Our results show an association of impaired (reduced) venous return to the thorax with airway obstruction as assessed by spirometry. Impact: This study demonstrates impaired venous return in subjects with COPD, which warrant further investigations into the cardiopulmonary interactions of right heart flow in COPD and its potential value as a noninvasive marker of disease progression.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is Associated with Impaired Cardiac Hemodynamics: A SPIROMICS HF Study
Authors: Dushfunian David , Houston Timothy W. , Markl Michael , Wieben Oliver , Prince Martin R. , Shen Wei , Carr James , Bluemke David , Backman Michael , Jambawalikar Sachin R. , Venkatesh Bharath Ambale , Lima Joao , Agarwal Prachi , Lloyd Steven , Finn Paul , Cooper Christopher B. , Liu Jing , Lee Yoo Jin , Schroeder Joyce , Kitzman Dalane W. , Barr R. Graham
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Previous studies have suggested impaired cardiovascular function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the association between lung disease severity and the degree of cardiac hemodynamic impairment is not well understood. Goal(s): We aimed to characterize the hemodynamic changes seen in COPD in order to gain insight into the mechanisms relating COPD and heart failure. Approach: We analyzed 4D-flow derived hemodynamics in a preliminary sample of 72 participants from the SPIROMICS-HF study. Results: We found that impaired hemodynamics in the right atrium (blood flow kinetic energy and velocity) and pulmonary artery (flow stasis and velocity) are associated with greater COPD severity. Impact: This study represents a key step in exploring the cardiopulmonary hemodynamic interaction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
White matter neurite alterations in dementia with Lewy body bodies: influence of amyloid-β and tau
Authors: Mak Elijah , Reid Robert , Przybelski Scott , Lesnick Timothy , Schwarz Christopher , Senjem Matthew , Raghavan Sheelakumari , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jack Clifford , Min Hoon , Jain Manoj , Miyagawa Toji , Forsberg Leah , Fields Julie , Savica Rodolfo , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Jones David , Botha Hugo , Louis Erik St. , Knopman David , Ramanan Vijay , Dickson Dennis , Graff-Radford Neill , Ferman Tanis , Petersen Ronald , Lowe Val , Boeve Bradley , O'Brien John , Kantarci Kejal
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The influence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) copathologies on white matter neurite changes in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remains unclear. Goal(s): To delineate the severity of neurite abnormalities and their associations with amyloid and tau PET imaging in DLB. Approach: We compared Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging metrics in the DLB spectrum (DLBs, n=45) against controls (n=45), and evaluated their correlations with amyloid-β ([11C]-PiB) and tau ([18F]-Flortaucipir) PET. Results: The DLBs exhibited widespread white matter injury relative to controls. Elevated tau deposition, but not amyloid-β burden, was significantly associated with neurite abnormalities, predominantly involving the temporal and limbic white matter tracts. Impact: These findings demonstrate the impact of AD copathologies on widespread neurite abnormalities in people with DLB, underscoring the importance of further elucidating the mechanisms underlying amyloid-β and tau deposition, and evaluating anti-AD disease-modifying interventions for DLB.
Selective filters of translational molecular diffusion dynamics in human brain microstructures
Authors: Zwick Analia , Saidman Ezequiel , Tambalo Stefano , Moretto Manuela , Novello Lisa , Feiweier Thorsten , Jovicich Jorge , Alvarez Gonzalo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Our primary aim is to enhance non-invasive tissue-microstructure characterization as a diagnostic paradigm through advanced MRI methods. Goal(s): We explore microscopic tortuosity in human white-matter using the Non-uniform Oscillating-Gradient Spin-Echo (NOGSE) contrast in a clinical 3T MRI-scanner. Approach: The NOGSE contrast was obtained by subtracting distinct OGSE acquisitions, allowing the discrimination of signals from molecules within specific brain compartments. Results: We found restriction-sizes consistent with human histological findings, and evidence that the dominant signals originate from extra-axonal spaces, supporting microscopic tortuosity effects. This compartment-size specific contrast opens a path for diagnosis based on quantitative imaging. Impact: We characterize microscopic-tortuosity mechanisms in human-brain white-matter through the Non-uniform Oscillating-Gradient Spin-Echo contrast, which targets the signal of confined molecules in specific microscopic-sizes. This novel contrast, demonstrated at 3T-MRI, promises a quantitative tissue-microstructure paradigm for medical diagnosis of diseases.
Submillimeter Isotropic in vivo Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Application to Women with Suspected Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Silemek Arzu Has , Madhusoodhanan Sreekanth , Wei Janet , Dumitrascu Oana , Kremen Sarah , Li Debiao , Nelson Michael , Tan Zaldy , Wertheimer Jeffrey , Xie Yibin , Merz Noel Bairey , Gao Wei , Sati Pascal
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The study's motivation lies in overcoming the low-resolution limitations of Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 3T-MRI, which is critical for investigating brain aging and neurodegeneration. Goal(s): We aimed to construct high-resolution QSM using submillimeter T2*-3D-EPI sequence to measure iron deposition in the cortical and deep gray matter of women with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction. Approach: The approach involved a novel imaging protocol, TGV-based QSM reconstruction, and statistical analysis correlating iron deposition with cardiovascular health markers. Results: Results indicate a significant association between brain iron accumulation and microvascular heart conditions, pointing to a potential interconnected pathology in women with suspected coronary microvascular dysfunction. Impact: The study's high-resolution QSM technique could revolutionize neuroimaging, allowing clinicians to detect microvascular changes early and personalize treatments. It opens avenues for exploring the systemic nature of microvascular diseases, potentially altering approaches to managing neurodegenerative and cardiovascular conditions.
Dedifferentiation of functional hierarchical axis captures individual differences in cognition performance and disease progression
Authors: Shen Chenye , Liu Chaoqiang , Chen Nanguang , Qiu Anqi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The healthy aging brain exhibits functional dedifferentiation, yet a consensus on its characterization remains elusive, hindering individual-level assessment of unhealthy aging. Goal(s): We aim to utilize the functional hierarchical axis to elucidate primary alterations in functional dedifferentiation during healthy aging. Approach: We developed a measure to quantify the heterogeneity of network dedifferentiation along the functional hierarchical axis, and assessed its relevance to cognition and neurological diseases at an individual level. Results: Functional dedifferentiation in attention and control networks captures substantial individual differences in aging, cognition, and diseases. The heterogeneity of functional dedifferentiation along the functional hierarchical axis predicts domain-specific disease risk. Impact: Brain aging primarily entails association and control network integrity deterioration on the functional hierarchical axis. The individual differences of functional dedifferentiation on this axis provide risk assessments of unhealthy brain aging.
Brain arteriolosclerosis in community-based older adults is associated with lower gray matter volume
Authors: Tomash Ana , Tazwar Mahir , Yasar Md Tahmid , Bennett David , Schneider Julie , Arfanakis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Despite brain arteriolosclerosis being one of the most prevalent small vessel diseases in older adults, its association with regional brain volumes has not been investigated. Goal(s): To investigate the association of brain arteriolosclerosis with regional gray matter volumes. Approach: Regional brain volumetry on ex-vivo MRI and detailed neuropathological examination were combined in a large number of community-based older adults that came to autopsy. Results: More severe brain arteriolosclerosis was associated with lower volume in a number of gray matter regions, including medial orbitofrontal, superior frontal, pericalcarine, cuneus, and lateral occipital areas, independently of the effects of other neuropathologies. Impact: The finding that brain arteriolosclerosis is associated with lower regional gray matter volumes independently of the effects of other neuropathologies enhances our understanding of the brain anomalies associated with this common small vessel disease pathology.
The Influence of Accelerated Brain Aging on Coactivation Pattern Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yan Su , Zhu Wenzhen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Aging has been widely recognized as the primary risk factor for brain degeneration, and Parkinson’s disease (PD) tends to follow accelerated aging trajectories. Goal(s): The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of structural brain aging on large-scale functional network temporal dynamics in PD. Approach: The level of brain aging was assessed by calculating global and local brain age gap estimates from T1-weighted images. Coactivation patterns of the whole brain were identified from fMRI to capture neural network activity. Results: Accelerated structural brain aging in PD affected brain function, which manifested as aberrant brain network dynamics. Impact: These findings relate whole-brain coactivation patterns to spatial variation in accelerated brain aging, providing insights into the neuropathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and implying the possibility of intervention for PD progression by slowing the brain aging process.
Motion-Robust Multiparametric MRI of the Liver at 3T: Simultaneous Estimation of Water-Specific T1, PDFF, Motion-Resolved R2*, and QSM
Authors: Chen Jingjia , Xia Ding , Chandarana Hersh , Sodickson Daniel , Feng Li
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative multiparametric MRI has the potential to improve the characterization of liver diseases, but its clinical implementation is limited by challenges such as respiratory motion and slow imaging speed. Goal(s): To develop a motion-robust multiparametric MRI technique that enables simultaneous estimation of water-specific T1, PDFF, motion-resolved R2*, and QSM of the liver from a single acquisition at 3T. Approach: Our technique employs inversion recovery-prepared golden-angle multi-echo stack-of-stars sampling in combination with advanced low-rank subspace reconstruction for generating different quantitative parameters. Results: Free-breathing multiparametric estimation of 3D water-specific T1, PDFF, R2* and QSM with motion compensation has been successfully demonstrated in volunteers and patients. Impact: This new technique is capable of estimating water-specific T1, PDFF, motion-resolved R2*, and QSM of the liver from a single acquisition at 3T. It holds potential to promote the use of quantitative MRI in moving organs such as the liver.
Low Field MRI as a Potential Equalizer: Addressing Healthcare Disparities Through Socioeconomic Status and MRI Access in the United States
Authors: Bermingham Michael , Lamoca Mikkael , Czornobil Roman , Dale Abby , Gilbert Amelia Amelia , Burnette Jeffrey , Myers James , Rothenberg Sandra , Asllani Iris
Published: November 2024

Motivation: While the USA boasts one of the highest numbers of MRIs per million inhabitants, the impact of social determinants of health on accessibility remains uncertain. This issue becomes particularly relevant as Low Field MRI could level the playing field and mitigate existing inequities. Goal(s): Primary goal was to investigate the relationship between MRI availability and poverty rate in the US. Approach: We tested the correlation between poverty rate and both the quantity and geographical distribution of MRIs. Results: The number of MRI units exhibited an exponential decline (R2=0.9823) with the poverty rate, with geographical location and other pertinent socioeconomic factors playing a role. Impact: LF MRI has attributes that make it particularly suitable for implementation in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Nevertheless, features like affordability and portability can also potentially be pivotal in addressing healthcare disparities within the US.
Cervical Spine MRI on a RF Shielding-Free 0.05T MRI Scanner
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , Man Christopher , Lau Vick , Su Shi , Wu Ed
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To develop low-cost and patient-friendly MRI scanners to address global healthcare disparities. Goal(s): To demonstrate cervical spine (C-spine) MRI on a low-cost and RF shielding-free 0.05T MRI scanner. Approach: Typical imaging protocols were implemented on a newly developed 0.05T MRI scanner. The scanner is compact, RF shielding-free, and acoustically quiet during scanning. Further, a deep learning electromagnetic interference (EMI) elimination method and a data-driven reconstruction strategy were designed. Results: The deep learning EMI elimination method effectively removed EMI noise, and the data driven reconstruction method suppressed image noise and artifacts while increasing spatial resolution, leading to significantly improved image quality. Impact: We demonstrate high-quality C-spine MRI on a low-cost and shielding-free 0.05T MRI scanner through exploiting computing power and extensive high-field MRI data. These developments will lead to a new generation of affordable, patient-centric, and computing-powered MRI scanners.
Using Virtual Magnetic Resonance Elastography and IVIM to Evaluate Placental Microstructure and Microcirculation in Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Deng Jing , Cao Yuwei , Qu Feifei , Zhang Aining , Zhao Meng , Zhou Xin , Mu Xihu , Wu Yanglei , Song Jiacheng , Wu Feiyun , Chen Ting
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Detecting placental dysfunction using MRI before placental macrovascular lesions by ultrasound may help the early identification of placental pathologic changes in gestational hypertension (GH). Goal(s): To explore changes in placental elasticity and perfusion in GH and control groups using MRI. Approach: Placental elasticity and perfusion were assessed using virtual magnetic resonance elastography (vMRE) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). The vMRE and IVIM parameters, MR morphologic parameters, and ultrasound and lab test results were compared between the two groups. Results: Placental stiffness and perfusion fraction helped distinguish between the two groups, with no substantial differences in the other parameters. Impact: Virtual magnetic resonance elastography and intravoxel incoherent motion can quantify placental elasticity and circulation at the microscopic level, and are superior to the ultrasound parameters, in gestational hypertension. They may serve as a vital noninvasive supplement to assess placental dysfunction.
Mapping oxidative and non-oxidative glucose metabolic rates of entire human brain using quantitative dynamic deuterium MRS imaging at 7T
Authors: Li Xin , Zhu Xiao-Hong , Chen Wei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cerebral glucose metabolism via non-oxidative and oxidative pathways is critical for brain function, however, methods capable of quantitatively imaging metabolic rates are lacking. Goal(s): To develop a quantitative dynamic deuterium (2H) MRSI (DMRSI) method capable of mapping human brain glucose metabolic rates. Approach: Combining novel hardware and advanced post-processing method with kinetic models, we established a high-resolution, high-quality dynamic DMRSI capable of quantifying and imaging three metabolic rates of glucose consumption (CMRGlc), lactate generation (CMRLac) and TCA cycle (VTCA) in human brain at 7T. Results: We demonstrate consistent whole-brain maps of CMRGlc, CMRLac, VTCA in health subjects. Impact: We developed a novel DMRSI platform on an FDA-approved clinical 7T scanner that enables simultaneous high-resolution imaging of CMRGlc, CMRLac and VTCA of entire human brain for the first time. This novel technology has potential for brain research and translation.
Optimized deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) for quantitative analysis of lactate in intracerebral hemorrhages
Authors: Liu Xinjie , Liu Zhuang , Otikovs Martins , Cheng Xin , Zhang Zhi , Sun Peng , Zhou Xin , Liu Chaoyang , Bao Qingjia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Lactate, as an important metabolism product after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and prognosis. Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI), as a potentially transformative technique, can localize abnormal metabolism associated with lactate. Goal(s): Optimize deuterium coils and sequences to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of DMI, and quantitatively analyze lactate changes after ICH with optimized techniques. Approach: Propose the active decoupling 2H/1H dual-tuned transceiver coil and CSI-bSSFP sequence for DMI and measure the dynamical lactate metabolism in three groups of rats before and after ICH. Results: DMI can measure the lactate metabolic changes at different time points after ICH. Impact: This study presents a non-invasive technique for monitoring the lactate metabolic changes after ICH, which holds clinical potential in determining the time of onset, treatment plan, and real-time response evaluation.