bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A postgraduate experiment: a study of fabricating nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Khan Kamran-ul-Haq , Mahmood Shahid , Raees Anam , Rizvi Ghaus
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this work is to propose an experiment based on the fabrication of nanofibers by an electrospinning method that may become part of curricula at postgraduate level, for students of physics. This addition will not only increase the teaching capabilities of scientist and researchers at this level but also enhance the basic understanding of physics students of experimental setup and their approach to explore untouched areas in the field of nano-science in the future. This experiment gives a qualitative analysis of some physical parameters that affects the morphology and size of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. The experiment has been performed on a trial basis, at the Department of Physics, University of Karachi. During the experiment we studied the effect of needle diameter and concentration of PVA on the size of nanofibers by SEM analysis. The statistical analysis of PVA nanofibers was performed by one-way analysis of variance by considering a P-value equal to 0.05. The analysis concluded that variation at the lower range of needle diameter has no significant effect on the size and morphology of nanofibers. Moreover, it is suggested, for future research, to consider the orientation of fiber alignment and control.
Suppression of autoresonant stimulated Raman scattering in transversely weakly magnetized plasmas
Authors: Zhou Y Z , Zheng C Y , Liu Z J , Cao L H
Published: March 2021

We investigate the behaviour of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) in inhomogeneous plasma with a transverse external magnetic field via 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations and theoretical analysis. The external magnetic field

B

e
x
t

causes nonlinear damping of large-amplitude electron plasma waves (EPWs), and significantly limits the reflectivity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) even if

B

e
x
t

is very weak. For a single resonance point,

B

e
x
t

limits the kinetic nonlinear frequency shift, impedes the autoresonance behaviour of SRS, and narrows the resonance region. We also exhibit

B

e
x
t

distorts the distribution function of electrons evidently, and alters the wavefronts of EPWs in high dimensional cases. The simulation results indicate a moderate

B

e
x
t

can significantly reduce the trapped electron induced gain of SRS reflectivity, and make the BSRS reflectivity stay at its linear convective saturation level steadily.
Improved treatment of dark matter capture in neutron stars II: leptonic targets
Authors: Bell Nicole F. , Busoni Giorgio , Robles Sandra , Virgato Michael
Published: March 2021

Neutron stars harbour matter under extreme conditions, providing a unique testing ground for fundamental interactions. We recently developed an improved treatment of dark matter (DM) capture in neutron stars that properly incorporates many of the important physical effects, and outlined useful analytic approximations that are valid when the scattering amplitude is independent of the centre of mass energy. We now extend that analysis to all interaction types. We also discuss the effect of going beyond the zero-temperature approximation, which provides a boost to the capture rate of low mass dark matter, and give approximations for the dark matter up-scattering rate and evaporation mass. We apply these results to scattering of dark matter from leptonic targets, for which a correct relativistic description is essential. We find that the potential neutron star sensitivity to DM-lepton scattering cross sections greatly exceeds electron-recoil experiments, particularly in the sub-GeV regime, with a sensitivity to sub-MeV DM well beyond the reach of future terrestrial experiments.
Probing sub-eV Dark Matter decays with PTOLEMY
Authors: Bondarenko Kyrylo , Boyarsky Alexey , Nikolic Marco , Pradler Josef , Sokolenko Anastasia
Published: March 2021

When the Dark Matter mass is below the eV-scale, its cosmological occupation number exceeds the ones of photons from the cosmic microwave background as well as of relic neutrinos. If such Dark Matter decays to pairs of neutrinos, it implies that experiments that seek the detection of the cosmic neutrino background may as well be sensitive to this additional form of “dark radiation”. Here we study the prospects for detection taking into account various options for the forecasted performance of the future PTOLEMY experiment. From a detailed profile likelihood analysis we find that Dark Matter decays with lifetime as large as 104 Gyr or a sub-% Dark Matter fraction decaying today can be discovered. The prospects are facilitated by the distinct spectral event shape that is introduced from galactic and cosmological neutrino dark radiation fluxes. In the process we also clarify the importance of Pauli-blocking in the Dark Matter decay. The scenarios presented in this work can be considered early physics targets in the development of these instruments with relaxed demands on performance and energy resolution.
Production of thermal axions across the electroweak phase transition
Authors: Arias-Aragón Fernando , D'Eramo Francesco , Ferreira Ricardo Z. , Merlo Luca , Notari Alessio
Published: March 2021

Light axions can potentially leave a cosmic background, just like neutrinos. We complete the study of thermal axion production across the electroweak scale by providing a smooth and continuous treatment through the two phases. Focusing on both flavor conserving and violating couplings to third generation quarks, we compute the amount of axions produced via scatterings and decays of thermal bath particles. We perform a model independent analysis in terms of axion effective couplings, and we also make predictions for specific microscopic QCD axion scenarios. This observable effect, parameterized as it is conventional by an effective number of additional neutrinos, is above the 1σ sensitivity of future CMB-S4 surveys. Moreover, if one assumes no large hierarchies among dimensionless axion couplings to standard model particles, future axion helioscopes will provide a complementary probe for the parameter region we study.
Optical, Acoustic and Electromagnetic Vulnerability Detection for Information Security
Authors: Liu W B , Fan P Z , Wang M H , Li Y K , Ding J F
Published: March 2021

The information interaction between the air-gapped internal network and the external Internet is only possible through authorized and strictly controlled methods. Attackers make use of the vulnerability to transmit information covertly by software-stimulated signals leakage, which vary from optical, acoustic to electromagnetic, so we need to find the vulnerabilities and protect them from malicious exploitation. In this paper, a simple and active method to detect these vulnerabilities is presented from an optical point of view, that is, the Light Emitting Diode (LED) status indicator and screen backlight are controlled to send information by frequency shift keying (FSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK). Improved receiver is designed for acquisition of optical signals, and the vulnerability detection methods are unified for acoustic and electromagnetic vulnerability. The target signal is easily distinguished from the noise signal by the time-frequency domain characteristics, the hidden testing information is recovered by simple demodulation methods, and the mechanism of compromising emanation from digital signal is revealed. Several hidden features such as harmonics and intermodulation have been investigated, which can be used to detect optical, acoustic and electromagnetic vulnerability quickly.
Demarcation of River based on UAV LIDAR Point Cloud Data
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Huang Bensheng , Cheng Liangxiong , Sun Xiufeng
Published: March 2021

Delimiting the scope and boundary of river and lake management is the primary work of strengthening river and lake management, and is the precondition of water conservancy administration according to law. The precise scope of management and protection areas is defined for the purpose of regulating all activities within the area and carrying out water conservation activities within the area. The conventional surveying and mapping technology of acquiring terrain data, i.e., Computer Aided Design (CAD) drawing of river construction projects, mapping of 1:2 000 scale image, are not only time-consuming but also inaccurate.

The high-resolution 3D point cloud data obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) lidar can identify the baseline lines of river management demarcation, i.e.,ank toe line, dike toe line, bank revetment top line, bank slope line, etc. Through spatial analysis and manual visual interpretation, the boundary of river management area can be accurately demarcated.

The accuracy of the baseline lines of river management demarcation drawn by ARCGIS depends on the resolution of 3D point cloud data, the environment of the river and the deviation of manual visual interpretation.
Research on Improvement of Optical Model of Human Vision
Authors: Wu Bo-Wen , Yin Li-Te , Liu Hsiang-Jui
Published: March 2021

In retrospect, visional researches mostly focused on vision sensitivity. However, a vision model suitable to human eye shall be built to further explore human eye visional characteristics. Most of the vision models in the fields of optometry and physiological optics must be modified to bring them more closer to actual human eye characteristics. While the aforementioned potential problem would not impede the visual capability of a person with normal eye sight, it tends to cause significant implication for a patient with retina illness during the initial syndrome and recuperation period after surgical operation. Under some special circumstances, such as in a battle field when lack of light is norm due to weather and landform conditions, human eye recognition capability would be significantly compromised as well. The CSF (Contrast sensitivity function) curve is proposed to be applied to the analysis in evaluating human eye recognition characteristics problems. this is the first literature to incorporate CS(contrast sensitivity) correction into human vision multi-parameter model. The modified modeling is validated by the experiment results showing the modified model is closed to human eye’s CSF curve.
The Piezoelectric Effect – an Indispensable Solid State Effect for Contemporary Actuator and Sensor Technologies
Authors: Ballas Rüdiger G.
Published: March 2021

The piezoelectric effect, which was discovered for the first time by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie, combines electrical with mechanical quantities and vice versa. If piezoelectric materials (e.g. quartz, turmaline) are subjected to electrical signals along certain crystal orientations, deformations along well-defined crystal orientations appear. Contrary, a mechanical deformation results in a generation of polarization charges. Even if there exist numerous publications on this so-called direct and reciprocal piezoelectric effect, the aim of this paper is to convey a clear and easy understanding of this essential solid body effect in particular for the non-specialist, since a large number of publications is rather superficial and unfortunately sometimes incorrect. A variety of ionic crystals show the direct and reciprocal piezoelectric effect. In this paper, an illustrative representation of both effects is given by the molecular structure of alpha-quartz, a stable modification of the silicon dioxide, the second most common mineral of the earth’s crust. Both effects always involve an important physical quantity, the so-called electrical polarization, which represents an Euclidean vector being defined as the quotient of the total dipole moment resulting from the deformation of the hexagonal unit cell of alpha-quartz and the volume of the unit cell. Based on the physical explanation of the dipole moment, it is shown how the directions of the electrical polarization can be calculated in a simple manner. This finally enables the physical understanding of both effects that are nowadays used in numerous technical applications in the broad field of sensor and actuator technologies.
Linearity measurement of FTIR infrared spectral emissivity measurement facility determined using flux superposition at NIM
Authors: Song X , Dong W , Yuan Z , Lu X , Li Z , Qu Y , An B , Huan K
Published: March 2021

A Fournier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer using a deuterated triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector is the radiation detective unit of the infrared spectral emissivity measurement facility of standard reference of P. R. China at NIM. The linearity of the FTIR spectral responsivity in the NIM infrared spectral emissivity measurement facility has a significant contribution to emissivity measurement. The linearity of the FTIR using the DTGS detector is experimentally measured using a flux superposition principle. A linearity measurement system of FTIR spectral responsivity is established using a high- and mid-temperature standard reference cavity blackbody radiation sources, covered the temperature range (373-1373) K. The linearity characteristics are measured in the temperature range of (473∼1273) K of the blackbody radiation sources. The measurement results with the uncertainties at the representative wavelengths of 3.9 μm and 10.6 μm are reported. The associated discussions about the linearity measurement results, including the difference at the two wavelengths, the effects caused by reflection and verifications are carried out. All the measurements in this paper are traceable to NIM.
Learning media development based on CNC simulator as the digital tool to support the CNC practice learning during COVID-19 new normal
Authors: Suyetno A , Yoto
Published: March 2021

Covid-19 pandemic changed human’s lifestyle in various areas. Indonesia Government enacted many rules to avoid Covid-19 transmission. The Ministry of Education and Culture issued a policy through a circular regarding the arrangement of learning activities from home during the Covid-19 emergency. Due to the policy, classical in-class learning method changed into virtual through online classes. The CNC simulation makes it possible for students to visualize model and concept into realization. The CNC Simulator is a computer program that could simulate the setting and operation of the CNC machine. The CNC simulator can be used as a digital tool to support the CNC practice learning activity, which was hindered by social activities restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used the ADDIE development model, according to Lee and Owens. The stages were: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. Based on the evaluation, it could be concluded that all five indicators fell into the category of proper to use without revision because on average, they had above 80% score. The final score was 84.25%; thus, learning media based on CNC simulator was proper to sue in the learning activity.
Bridging competency gap between vocational school and industry by adopting the German BLok platform
Authors: Maruanaya R F , Hariyanto D
Published: March 2021

The cooperation between vocational high school and industry in Indonesia has been established for decades ago. The goal of this cooperation program is to achieve the skill and knowledge which are needed in the workspace. Consequently, vocational education and training should be conducted both in vocational school and in industry. That is the main reason for the vocational school to cooperate with the companies. The initial step to developing beneficial cooperation should start by initiating the mutual acceptance and understanding from each party in the form of Memorandum of Understanding. It means that the vocational school needs to communicate, coordinate, and cooperate with industry, especially with the trainers. Unfortunately, there are several factors that inhibit those three processes, such as difficult to find a suitable time and place and lack of media communication platform. The proposed online technology that can support all three levels of communication, coordination, and cooperation between the vocational school and industry is BLok online platform. It is a German online training report system for dual vocational training that enables all vocational training parties to participate.
The innovation of technology utilisation in distributing employee by vocational secondary school career centre
Authors: Triantini D , Yuniarti N
Published: March 2021

Career Centre has a main role as a division in Vocational Secondary School (VSS) to bridge the students and alumni with their work field. Finding out how the success of the Career Centre’s performance is very important for evaluation purposes. This study aimed to: (1) find out the role of the Career Centre in distributing the graduates of VSS in Yogyakarta at the workplace; (2) find out the obstacle experienced and its solution. This was evaluation research using the quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that Career Centre’s role was good accumulatively viewed from five aspects: (1) as seeker and provider of employment information; (2) conducting a coaching and employee briefing for students/alumni; (3) regarding stakeholders’ partnership; (4) regarding recruitment, selection, and graduate distribution; and (5) graduates tracing. As doing their role, Career Centres faced some obstacles, such as a limited number of administrators, mismatching skills among vocational graduates, less developed IT utilisation, and less organized administrative management. Career Centre’s performance has not been optimal thus it needs innovation. Optimizing technology utilisation by creating an information system with important and helpful features will improve the Career Centre in doing their role. Those features will facilitate the students, alumni, and administrators regarding job vacancies and recruitment information, work field recommendation, graduates’ tracing, administrative management, etc.
The innovation of learning plan designer based mobile web to improve quality of learning media in vocational technology for education 4.0
Authors: Mukhadis A , Putra A B N R , Kiong T T , Sumarli  , Sutadji E , Puspitasari P , Sembiring A I , Subandi M S
Published: March 2021

The era of education 4.0 is an era of digitalization and transformation. Learning media must also follow technological developments for the learning process. The problem that often arises is the relatively weak learning media in the form of supporting programs for arranging learning plan. This study aims to: 1) mapping the components of learning media in the education 4.0 era; 2) testing the level of attractiveness of the Learning Plan Designer Based Mobile Web; and 3) testing the effectiveness level of the Learning Plan Designer Based Mobile Web. This study uses research and development (R&D) methods. In the mapping process, data collection techniques are through questionnaires and documentation. The focus of research is in vocational colleges in East Java. The results of this study include: 1) the components of learning media in the education 4.0 era consisting of easily accessible, ongoing information, easy to use, technology-based, intelligence systems, and educational interactions; 2) Learning Plan Designer Based Mobile Web products developed are feasible and attractive (mean score of 93.5%) based on the validation results of learning software experts and vocational and science education material experts; and 3) the results of the development of the Learning Plan Designer Based Mobile Web product are proven to be effective and can be used as a reference and alternative media for further research.
Scientific literacy of vocational school students in building construction
Authors: Arthur R , Daryati  , Maulana A , Febiansyah R , Kidung K
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the real condition of the competitiveness literacy ability of vocational school students in building construction. The study was conducted from January to February 2020. This research is basic research with a research design referring to a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology in which the research subjects are vocational students in the competence of Construction and Property expertise in Jakarta and Bogor. The results of the study concluded that most of the tenth-grade students of vocational school did not have good scientific literacy and at the same time confirmed the 2018 PISA report. The results of this study will serve as the basis for an analysis of the literacy skills of vocational school students in the building construction, the quality of existing scientific literacy instruments and the development of scientific literacy instruments.
Assesment for plumbing competency instrument
Authors: Rouf F A , Arthur R , Agung P A M , Maulana A
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the quality of the compiled plumbing work competency instrument on clean water. This research was conducted from January to February 2020. This research instrument involved 3 validators each of the test construction and plumbing material. This instrument’s assessment involved three elements of competency, such as skill, knowledge of installation and plumbing system, and plumbing worker attitude. This research method is based on a descriptive design. Use the 4 expert assessments within the national qualifications framework as a guide. The results of this research will be used as the basis for the improvement and development of the plumbing instrument on clean water.
Utilization of millet flour as the basic material to make millcoff cake (millet coffee cake)
Authors: Azzizah P S N , Handayani T H W
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is rich in local food sources of cereals, but imports of wheat continues to rise each year. Substitution of wheat flour is one solution to cope with the high number of imported wheat. The cereals that can be used as a substitute material is millet. The purpose of this study is to determine the right recipe, knowing the nutrient content and determine consumer acceptance of millcoff cake. Millcoff cake is a product made from sponge cake flavored coffee that is substituted with millet flour and stuffing mixed with avocado mouse. This type of research is the research and development with 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop and Desimination). Selection of the recipe selected based on the sensory properties of the 4 aspects of color, taste, texture and aroma. Furthermore, the three treatments on prescription elected in substitution of millet flour that is 30%, 40% and 50%. The results showed that the chosen cake is cake with millet flour substitution as much as 50% because it has characteristics which approach control and still be acceptable to consumers. Nutrient content contained in cake millcoff showed 17.9897% carbohydrate content, protein content 7.6541% 14.6541% fat content, moisture content and ash content of 53.0830% 0.9202%.
The developing hairpiece module of the students at vocational secondary schools
Authors: Marliati N , Agrevinna M
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the validity and effectiveness of the hairpiece module. The research method used is development or known as the Research and Development method. The stages in the research process are the analysis, design, development, implementation, and testing stages. Tests carried out in the form of validation were carried out by expert judgments or media and material experts, then the media was tested by students. The results of this study get the assessment of media experts in the very feasible category and material experts in the very feasible category. The results of student trials in small group trials were in the good category and large group trials were included in the good category. The analysis of the pre-test and post-test results showed a gain of 0.53 in the experimental group with moderate criteria and a gain of 0.42.
Remotely Operated underwater Vehicle (ROV) stabilization with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Authors: Setyawan A , Mashoedah
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to produce a system that can stabilize REMOTELY OPERATED UNDERWATER VEHICLE (ROV) using an ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) smart system. The way the system works is done by reading the input in the form of an Accelerometer and Gyroscope sensor which is then processed using a microcontroller and the output is PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) which is interpreted by the ESC (Electronic Speed Control) driver to move the motor according to the speed it should be. In addition, the microcontroller also has to determine which direction the motorbike can go against from the ocean currents or the source of the shock it receives. ANN in this system is used to determine the size of the ROV’s freedom of air so that the motor can withstand any unstable external shocks (air currents) and still maintain its position and position.
Exploration of the determining factors of successful online learning in the industrial revolution 4.0 era
Authors: Lastariwati B , Komariah K , Mulyatiningsih E , Kartika M G
Published: March 2021

This study explores factors that determine the success of online learning in the aspects of (1) students; (2) lecturers/teachers, (3) learning methods; (4) learning content; and (5) educational institutions. This study was a meta-analysis study. The data sources were obtained from online journal articles published from 2018 to 2020. This study was conducted by selecting relevant articles, and re-synthesizing the research results qualitatively and quantitatively. The data were collected by reading, coding, analyzing in-depth, and interpreting the results of the analysis according to the research objectives. Data credibility was controlled by involving a second reader (inter-reader and inter-coder) The results showed the determinants of successful online learning are: (1) the students’ motivation and self-efficacy because the students must be able to overcome their obstacles (2) successful online learning methods require individual intervention from lecturers; (3) lecturers with technology literacy are more successful and able support other lecturers, (4) successful online learning content uses various sources and is actively involved in forums and (5) institutions facilitate Learning Management Systems and other online learning tools.
Pt-Nb2O5-SnO2 Composite Ceramics Competitive for Cost-Effective Room-Temperature Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: Liu Ming , Li Pengcheng , Cui Xiaodong , Cheng Liang , Hu Yongming , Chen Wanping
Published: March 2021

Pt-SnO2 binary and Pt-Nb2O5-SnO2 ternary composite ceramics were prepared using SnO2, Nb2O5 and Pt powders through pressing and sintering, separately. For the Pt-SnO2 binary system, samples with 5 wt% Pt typically possess a sensitivity of 145 for 1% H2-20% O2-N2 and a resistance of 3 MΩ at 25 °C in air of 50% relative humidity, which are 5 times and 20 times larger than those of the samples with 1 wt% Pt, respectively. For the Pt-Nb2O5-SnO2 samples with 1 wt% Pt, their sensitivity for 1% H2-20% O2-N2 is 150 and resistance is 7 MΩ, which are comparable to those of Pt-SnO2 samples with 5 wt% Pt, and much larger than those of Pt-SnO2 samples with 1 wt% Pt. These results show that Nb2O5 has profound effects on the room-temperature hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pt-SnO2 binary system through forming Nb2O5-SnO2 heterojunction.
Experimental Study on High Speed Cutting of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Liu Qimeng , Xu Jinkai , Yu Huadong
Published: March 2021

A 4-edge cemented carbide end mill with a diameter of 6 mm was used to mill a single factor groove of 7075 aluminum alloy. The results show that the surface roughness of the bottom surface of the narrow groove decreases with the increase of the cutting speed in the range of variable cutting speed. Moreover, when the cutting speed is the highest, the burr on the edge of the narrow groove is not completely eliminated, and there are more burr and curling. When the feed rate is selected as a variable, the surface roughness of the bottom surface of the milling narrow groove increases with the increase of the feed rate. When the cutting depth is selected as a variable, the surface roughness of the bottom surface of the milling narrow groove increases with the increase of the cutting depth. There are obvious extrusion bulge marks between the two intersecting steps on the bottom surface of the milling narrow groove. The reason of extrusion bulge on the bottom surface of milling may be due to the large width and elastic deformation of 7075 aluminum alloy material, which results in large plastic flow under the cutting extrusion of milling tool.
Passivity Analysis of Track Walking Device on Soft Road Condition
Authors: Hou Youshan , Yuan Chunjing , He Jun
Published: March 2021

With wheel-track vehicle as the research object, the passivity of track walking device on soft road conditions have been studied, establishing the track walking device dynamic model and finishing the dynamic simulation. By the theoretical calculation and dynamic silulation analysis: the method of average ground pressure to represent the vehicle’s passivity on soft road condition has limitations, the average maximum pressure P_mm(MMP) evaluation method is more effective and more accurate; with the same track grounding length, the more wheels of the track walking device, the smaller the vehicle’s subsidence on soft road conditions and the better its passing performance. When a track walking device was increased from one single load wheel to three load wheels, the amount of subsidence on soft road conditions decreased by about 35%.
Vibration Reduction Design of Torpedo Engine Based on Modal Contribution Method
Authors: Song Wen , Yang Chenshi , Chen Zhiwei , Sun Yan , Bai Yiming , Li Gang
Published: March 2021

Aiming at improving the structure of torpedo engine, the damping technology based on modal contribution method was proposed. Based on the results of the linear combination analysis of the modal participation factors, the vibration control method of the constrained damping layer was designed to control the dominant modes with large contribution. Firstly, the dynamic model of torpedo engine support structure is built, and the modal frequency, modal displacement and normalized modal stiffness are obtained. The dominant modes in the target frequency band are calculated, and the first 24 modes are analyzed. According to the mode shape of dominant mode, the constrained damping layer is designed for the engine. The optimized structure was verified by numerical simulation and the corresponding experimental results. The results showed that the damping technology based on modal participation factor can significantly reduce the vibration response of the engine support structure. This method creatively combines the dynamic design with the damping design, and obtains an effective damping method for engineering, especially for the military industry field with narrow space and strict weight requirements.
The search for the location of the sunflower resistance gene to race G of broomrape on the linkage map in the lines of breeding of VNIIMK
Authors: Guchetl S Z , Savichenko D L , Ramazanova S A
Published: March 2021

The parasitic plant Orobanche cumana Wallr. is one of the main biotic limiting factors for obtaining high yields of sunflower. Since plant resistance to different broomrape races in different genotypes can be controlled by different genes, to ensure the evaluation of breeding material using DNA markers (MAS), it is necessary to localize the resistance gene for each of the sources. The aim of the research is to find the location of the Or7
gene, which controls the resistance to one of the most virulent broomrape races, on the sunflower linkage map and to determine the DNA markers cosegregating with it. For research we used the lines of breeding of V.S. Pustovoit of All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) resistant and susceptible to race G of broomrape. We used SSR-primers ORS 683, ORS 1040, ORS 1112, and ORS 202 for the PCR analysis. We excluded the location of the gene in the upper part of LG3 in the immediate proximity to the microsatellite loci ORS 683, ORS 1040, ORS 1112. Based on the studied literary sources and the reference genome of the sunflower HanXRQr2.0-SUNRISE, we compiled a partial physical map of LG3 and determined the area for further search for the localization of the Or7
gene and DNA markers cosegregating with it.
Problems and prospects of technical and technological renovation of the regional agro-industrial complex
Authors: Yu Gusev A
Published: March 2021

Technical and technological renewal of the agricultural sector is the main priority of the national agricultural policy, thanks to which the country will be able to reach food independence and security. The modern material and technical base of the industry in most regions, as well as in the country as a whole, is distinguished by a high degree of physical and moral deterioration. It is impossible to produce agricultural products that meet the requirements of world standards with the help of an outdated material and technical base. Due to low profitability, technical and technological renewal and modernization of the material and technical base of agriculture must rely on solid state financial support. Currently, the industry is deeply dependent on technical provision with imported machines and equipment. The key task of the current agro-industrial complex should be considered its transfer to innovations, digital technologies, and robotization. The industry’s orientation towards these areas requires the development of modern methods for assessing the efficiency of using fixed assets, innovations and investments.
The effect of fungicides on reducing the harmfulness of Alternaria blight of brown mustard
Authors: Serdyuk O , Trubina V , Gorlova L
Published: March 2021

Alternaria blight (pathogens are fungi Alternaria spp.) is one of the most harmful diseases for brown mustard. We carried out the research at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2017-2019 on the brown mustard variety Nika. In all variants we counted the mustard plants affected by Alternaria blight at the yellow pod stage, during the most intensive development of disease on plants. The aim of the research is to study the effect of modern fungicides on reducing the harmfulness of brown mustard Alternaria blight in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. We established that the treatment of brown mustard plants with fungicides at the green pod stage reduced the prevalence and development of Alternaria blight by 50.0-64.0 and 27.0-36.5 %, respectively, in comparison to the control (92.0 and 44.0 %, respectively). The preparations containing tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC and boscalid 200 g/l, SC showed the best biological effectiveness – 80.0-83.0 %. The yield of brown mustard seeds in variants with these preparations significantly exceeded the control (by 0.40-0.48 t/ha). The oil content of seeds was significantly higher than the control (by 3.8-6.5 %) in variants with tebuconazole 250 g/l, EC, boscalid 200 g/l + dimoxystrobin 200 g/l, SC and azoxystrobin 200 g/l + cyproconazole 80 g/l, SC.
Problems of assessing the development of animal husbandry in the context of production robotization and digitalization in Russia
Authors: Bochenina M V , Neradovskaya Y V , Nesterova E V
Published: March 2021

The article considers the research hypothesis - drive to increase the uniformity of animal husbandry development in different natural and climatic zones, due to production robotization and digitalization. The high level of technical equipment of livestock farms contributes to the reduction of regional heterogeneity. To determine the models and indicators describing the processes in agriculture, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the object of study. The working hypothesis was evaluated using cluster analysis based on data from 84 regions of the Russian Federation based on 11 indicators reflecting financial, industry and labor characteristics. Cluster analysis showed that only 30% of farms have indicators that exceed the average level for Russia. The complex of existing problems does not allow to fully and rationally use available opportunities for the development of the livestock industry in the regions.
Application of modified ash-tree sawdust for oil removal from water surfaces
Authors: Ya Sippel I , Akhmetgaleeva G A , Magdin K A
Published: March 2021

This paper shows the study on the possibility of using ash-tree (Fráxinus excélsior) wood-working waste for removing heavy-oil products from aqueous surfaces by sorption method. In order to improve sorption properties, ash-tree sawdust was exposed to ultrasound treatment at 35000 Hz for 5 hours in aqueous environment. Waste diesel engine oil was used as a sorbate. The physico-mechanical properties of modified sawdust are determined: bulk density, buoyancy, moisture content, ash content and physicochemical characteristics of sorbate. The simulation of motor oil spills on the water surface was carried out; oil and water absorption were determined. It was shown that ultrasound-modified ash-tree sawdust is an effective sorbent, the degree of water purification from oil hydrocarbons amounted to 98-99% under static adsorption conditions.
On the development of biological products based on microorganisms from permafrost
Authors: Subbotin A , Narushko M , Bazhin A , Petrov S
Published: March 2021

The development of phytostimulants based on bacterial cultures isolated from permafrost soils of Western and Eastern Siberia, which have a higher adaptive potential to the peculiarities of the climate and soils of Western Siberia, is an urgent task. At present, the issues of “green” agricultural technology, based on the minimum use of chemicals and the expansion of the use of drugs of biological origin, are being actively considered. However, they are not universally applicable in various agro-climatic zones. Their activity and efficiency is associated with the survival rate in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of plants and can be significantly reduced when used in areas of risky farming, in particular in Western Siberia. According to the results of morphophysiological studies, it was revealed that during the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of spring soft wheat of the Grenada variety with binary mixtures of pure cultures of some bacterial strains isolated from permafrost soils of three regions of Siberia, an increase in adaptively important plant parameters is noted.
Influence of complex genotypes of GH and PRL genes on milk productivity and milk quality of cows
Authors: Gilmanov Kh Kh , Vafin R R , Tyulkin S V
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to analyze the obtained data on the effect of complex genotypes of the somatotropin (GH) and prolactin (PRL) genes on the milk productivity of cows, on the amount and mass fraction of fat and protein in milk, that is, on the quality indicators of dairy raw materials. The study was conducted on a sampling consisting of 158 cows at first calving of Holsteinized black-and-white breed of pedigree breeding unit, “Dusym” LLC of the Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of molecular genetic studies (PCR-RFLP technique), the livestock was divided into groups taking into account the complex genotype of theGH/PRLhormone genes. The proposed evaluation of cows with different complex genotypes of theGHandPRLgenes by animals selection and matching will further increase the amount of high-quality dairy raw materials.
Retrospective analysis and current state of walleye stocks and fishery on the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Alieva A K , Nasibulina B M , Abdusamadov T A , Kurochkina T F , Guseynov A D
Published: March 2021

The dynamics of commercial catches, stocks and forecast values of walleye catch on the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea with the analysis of factors affecting the state of stocks for a long-term period is presented. Data on seasonal distribution, migration, reproduction, as well as age and size-weight composition of walleye populations in the study area are presented. The forecast of prospects for the use of walleye by fishing is given on the basis of the analysis of commercial stocks for a number of years of observations, taking into account the coefficient of total mortality, the influence of fishing load, the values of the commercial population replenishment with first-matured fish.
Peculiarities and prospects of interaction between government and business in the agricultural sector
Authors: Boris O A , Vorontsova G V , Momotova O N , Parakhina V N
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the advantages of interaction between government and business in the agricultural sector: on the one hand, the resources provided and the flexibility of the business, and on the other hand, the potential to influence decision – making for social and economic development. In addition, the ability of the authorities to act as an upholder of social justice. This research aims to identify areas for the development of interaction between government and business through the spectacle of satisfying the interests of both parties. This is the reason for the research tasks: to analyze the definitions, to evaluate the key interaction models of government and business; to reveal the most acute issues of interaction between government and business and possible potentialities for its improvement. Public-private partnerships in the agricultural sector provide a variety of potential benefits arising from the combination of operational and economic performance specific to the private sector, with the role of the government sector as an enabling environment and a regulator ensuring that social interests are accounted. For all types of public-private partnership, the efficiency improvement is the main advantage determining the prospects of its development in the agricultural sector.
Achieved level of agro-PPP development: factors of risk, successes and failures
Authors: Boris O A , Vorontsova G V , Momotova O N , Parakhina V N
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the topic under study is associated with the emergence of completely unfamiliar manifestations of the humanitarian and economic crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The negative impact of its consequences is particularly significant in small and medium enterprises, which include many economic entities of the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of this study is to determine the development factors of interaction between government authorities and agribusiness in terms of ensuring the satisfaction of their interests of both parties in the form of public-private partnership. This determines the objectives of the study: to analyze public-private partnership in the agricultural sector (agro-PPP), its successes and failures, which allows to better represent the achieved level of scientific, methodological and organizational support for the interaction of government and business in Russia; to analyze foreign experience of interaction between government and agribusiness to identify possible risk factors in the PPP mechanism in Russia; to assess the prospects for protection against them in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that effective PPPs operating in the agricultural sector include risk management mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable partners; shows the opportunities for the emergence of additional financial partners in agribusiness partnerships, as well as the need to develop monitoring and assessment of PPP projects in the agro-industrial complex in order to systematically form a reliable information base for developing recommendations for the effective selection of innovative projects and measures their impact in the long term.
Considerations when using nutrient inventories to prioritize water quality improvement efforts across the US
Authors: Sabo Robert D , Clark Christopher M , Compton Jana E
Published: March 2021

Ongoing water quality degradation tied to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution results in significant economic damages by diminishing the recreational value of surface water and compromising fisheries. Progress in decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus pollution to surface water over the past two decades has been slow. Limited resources need to be leveraged efficiently and effectively to prioritize watersheds for restoration. Leveraging recent nitrogen and phosphorus inventories for the years 2002, 2007, and 2012, we extracted relevant flux and demand terms to help identify US subbasins that are likely contributing a disproportionate amount of point and non-point source nutrient pollution to surface water by exploring the mean spatial distribution of terrestrial anthropogenic surplus, agricultural surplus, agricultural nutrient use efficiency, and point source loads. A small proportion of the landscape, <25% of subbasin area of the United States, contains 50% of anthropogenic and agriculture nitrogen and phosphorus surplus while only 2% of landscape contributes >50% of point source loads into surface water. Point source loads are mainly concentrated in urban areas across the country with point source loading rates often exceeding >10.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and >1.0 kg P ha−1 yr−1. However, the ability for future upgrades to wastewater treatment plant infrastructure alone is unlikely to drive further improvement in water quality, outside of local water ways, since point source loads only account for ~4% of anthropogenic N and P surplus. As such, further progress in boosting nutrient use efficiency in agricultural production, usually lowest in areas of intensive livestock production, would likely contribute to the biggest gains to water quality restoration goals. This analysis and the corresponding database integrate multiple streams of information to highlight areas where N and P are being managed inefficiently to give decision makers a succinct platform to identify likely areas and sources of water quality degradation.
Lebesgue spectrum of countable multiplicity for conservative flows on the torus
Authors: Fayad Bassam , Forni Giovanni , Kanigowski Adam
Published: March 2021

We study the spectral measures of conservative mixing flows on the

2
2

-torus having one degenerate singularity. We show that, for a sufficiently strong singularity, the spectrum of these flows is typically Lebesgue with infinite multiplicity.

For this, we use two main ingredients: (1) a proof of absolute continuity of the maximal spectral type for this class of non-uniformly stretching flows that have an irregular decay of correlations, (2) a geometric criterion that yields infinite Lebesgue multiplicity of the spectrum and that is well adapted to rapidly mixing flows.
Ireland
Authors: Rickard-Clarke Patricia
Published: March 2021

Ireland is an island in north-western Europe. It is divided into the state called Ireland, often referred to as the Republic of Ireland, which comprises the greater part of the island of Ireland, and Northern Ireland. This chapter relates to the law of Ireland and references to the ‘State’ refer to the Republic of Ireland.
USA—California
Authors: Keene Alex Ruck , Epstein Bette
Published: March 2021

The United States is a common law country. It is a federal republic of fifty states and a federal district. Laws affecting the protection of adults are predominantly made at state level. California has not adopted the Uniform Probate Code, the Uniform Power of Attorney Act, the Uniform Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Act, or the Uniform Adult Guardianship and Protective Proceedings Jurisdiction Act described in Chapters 24.
Applications for Planning Permission 1: Pre-Submission Requirements
Authors: Bowes Ashley
Published: March 2021

Until fairly recently there was no standard form prescribed for the making of an application for planning permission. Each local planning authority could provide its own form for doing so. This led to a variation in the amount of information required by each authority, and was a concern for large-scale developers, such as volume house builders, where development projects could involve applications being made to many different local planning authorities.