bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estratificação ambiental e otimização de rede de ensaios de genótipos de soja no Cerrado
Authors: Branquinho Rodrigo Gomes , Duarte João Batista , Souza Plínio Itamar Mello de , Silva Neto Sebastião Pedro da , Pacheco Roberto Miranda
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer uma estratificação ambiental consistente, para a recomendação e a avaliação de linhagens experimentais e cultivares de soja na região do Cerrado, a partir de análises da interação entre genótipos e ambientes (GxA) quanto à produtividade de grãos, além de avaliar a atual rede de ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso (VCU) para sua otimização. Os dados provieram de 559 ensaios de competição de linhagens de soja, realizados em 57 localidades, durante sete safras agrícolas (2002/2003 a 2008/2009). Realizaram-se análises conjuntas de variância, pelo modelo AMMI ("additive main effects and multiplicative interaction"), e de estratificação ambiental, pela abordagem correlata de "genótipos vencedores". A interação GxA foi sempre significativa, como resultado da resposta diferencial dos genótipos à variação ambiental. Os locais de teste se agruparam de modo diferente de acordo com os grupos de maturação. Observou-se redundância em 20% dos locais, o que indica a possibilidade de otimização da rede de ensaios, via eliminação ou substituição dessas localidades. A região-alvo deve receber estratificações distintas, congêneres a cada grupo de maturação, e pode ser dividida em 22 (ciclo precoce), 23 (ciclo médio) e 21 (ciclo tardio) estratos ambientais.
Apontamentos acerca da Cadeia do Ser e o lugar dos negros na filosofia natural na Europa setecentista
Authors: Santos Christian Fausto Moraes dos , Campos Rafael Dias da Silva
Published: November 2014

Por meio da análise de obras acadêmicas produzidas por filósofos naturais no século XVIII, pretendemos discutir algumas ideias recorrentes acerca da Grande Cadeia do Ser. Para tal, analisamos as relações entre filosofia e teologia natural no período. Reavaliamos ainda alguns elementos da Cadeia do Ser, investigando autores que discorreram sobre o tema em seus escritos. Por fim, elencamos um ponto específico das discussões setecentistas sobre a scala naturae, qual seja, as diversas e nem sempre convergentes ideias de que, a partir de características específicas, haveria diferenças entre os homens, bem como seu consequente lugar na Cadeia do Ser.
A construção de figuras da violência: a vítima, a testemunha
Authors: Sarti Cynthia
Published: November 2014

O objetivo do presente texto é refletir sobre o sofrimento associado à violência, por meio da análise da construção de figuras significativas que habitam o discurso sobre a violência, em particular a vítima e a testemunha, em torno das quais se busca o reconhecimento social do sofrimento e a legitimidade de formas de reparação da violência sofrida. Para pensar essas figuras, a referência são as experiências de tortura, morte e desaparecimento durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985), a partir das formas como protagonistas da luta contra a ditadura lidam com a memória dessa experiência histórica através de seu testemunho (textos literários, depoimentos, entrevistas), memória sempre mediada pela maneira como o mundo está sendo habitado no presente.
"Não quero lembrar... muito sofrimento": percursos da memória entre os refugiados palestinos no Brasil
Authors: Prates Daniele Regina Abilas
Published: November 2014

Durante minha pesquisa etnográfica junto ao grupo de refugiados palestinos reassentados em Mogi das Cruzes (SP), questões relacionadas à memória se fizeram presentes desde o primeiro contato. Em um momento em que os indivíduos buscavam dar início a uma nova vida, falar do que viveram era sempre constrangido com uma forte carga emocional ou com uma tentativa de apagamento. Entre o esquecer e tentar viver uma nova vida e o relatar e fazer com que se entendesse o que eles vivenciaram no passado, estava a dificuldade de lidar com a memória traumática. Embora houvessem vivenciado situações similares, e por longos anos dividissem a mesma realidade no campo de refugiados onde ficaram alojados em abrigos temporários - entre 2003 e 2007, quando foram reassentados no Brasil - , cada um dos refugiados optava por uma dinâmica diferente. Este artigo pretende discutir essas estruturas mediadoras e a relação entre memória traumática e memória do trauma na experiência diária dos refugiados palestinos em Mogi das Cruzes.
Aborto e corporalidade: sofrimento e violência nas disputas morais através de imagens
Authors: Luna Naara
Published: November 2014

O artigo analisa representações do aborto por meio do discurso e imagens contidas em documentários. Na controvérsia do aborto no espaço público, grupos alinhados pró-vida e pró-escolha buscam o audiovisual como meio de propagar suas mensagens políticas. A retórica visual pró-vida recorre a imagens de diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento para provar a individualidade de embriões e fetos e sua condição de pessoa dotada de direitos. O movimento pró-escolha constrói seu discurso por meio de relatos de pessoas que passaram pela experiência do aborto, enfatizando o sofrimento e a violência da criminalização e da clandestinidade. O foco é a mulher como sujeito moral. A exceção está no tópico da anencefalia, quando imagens são usadas para representar a figura do "bebê sem cérebro" inviável. A partir do sofrimento e da violência, fetos e mulheres são apresentados como vítimas pelos diferentes lados da disputa, modo de reivindicar acesso a direitos.
Sobre errâncias, imprecisões e ambivalências: notas sobre as trajetórias de jovens cariocas e sua relação com o mundo do crime
Authors: Sento-Sé João Trajano , Coelho Maria Claudia
Published: November 2014

A literatura sobre juventude e violência é muitas vezes orientada pela busca de correlações entre, de um lado, os vínculos familiares, a inserção escolar e as perspectivas de futuro e, de outro, o envolvimento dos jovens com a violência, como vítimas ou agressores. O objetivo deste texto é problematizar essas correlações por meio do estudo comparativo de relatos de jovens em três diferentes situações concernentes às formas de institucionalização: a) em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas; b) inseridos no sistema escolar público; e c) afastados de qualquer tipo de vínculo institucional. A metodologia empregada foi a entrevista em profundidade, com um roteiro que versou sobre as relações familiares, a trajetória escolar, projetos para o futuro e experiências com a violência e o crime. A análise apontou pistas para o questionamento do valor heurístico daquela entronização da escola e dos vínculos familiares como marcos de referência para o estudo das experiências jovens.
A controladoria no contexto atual das empresas
Authors: Novello Aliciane Aparecida , Oliveira Reginaldo A. de , Rover Ardinete
Published: November 2014

A literatura existente sobre percorre caminhos que nem sempre proporcionam o entendimento imediato ou a solução para as dificuldades surgidas durante o desenvolvimento dessa função dentro das organizações, como a apresentação dos conceitos básicos e de exemplos objetivos para a solução deles. Acredita-se que se pode transcrever sobre o tema de forma ainda sucinta por se tratar de uma área razoavelmente nova, que permite ser desmistificada. Controles bem feitos, baseados em informações de boa qualidade, são a essência não só da produtividade da área, mas também do crescimento do indivíduo, do grupo e da empresa. A missão da área de é assegurar a otimização do resultado econômico global da empresa. A Administração é o ramo do conhecimento que cuida da gestão dos recursos e do processo decisório (REPETE). Por conta dessa visão integradora da atuação dos profissionais da Administração e da Contabilidade, observa-se a necessidade da adoção do modelo sistêmico nas organizações. De forma resumida e conclusiva, cabe à controladoria garantir a eficácia da empresa por meio da otimização de seus resultados, ocupar-se da gestão econômica da empresa, com fim de orientá-la, zelando pela continuidade da empresa.
Demonstração do valor adicionado
Authors: Ricarte Jádson Gonçalves
Published: November 2014

Nos últimos anos, as empresas vêm presenciando um aumento crescente no grau de exigências do mercado consumidor e também no nível de competitividade dos comércios internos e externos. Devido a esses fatores, muitos têm sido os esforços pela sobrevivência no mercado a qual estão inseridas. Como forma de sobrevivência, muitas têm procurado atingir um melhor desempenho global, especialmente no que se refere à qualidade, custo e flexibilidade, procurando dessa forma obter uma vantagem competitiva em relação aos concorrentes e conseqüentemente tornar-se atraente para os consumidores. Assim diversas são as formas de se mensurar o desempenho das entidades. Os caminhos a serem seguidos podem ser de ordem financeira, econômica ou social, não sendo mutuamente excludentes, muito pelo contrário, se complementam na busca de uma maior evidenciação do desempenho gerencial. Neste sentido, temos a Demonstração do Valor Adicionado, que é um importante componente do Balanço Social, pois tem como principal objetivo evidenciar a capacidade da entidade de gerar riqueza bem como a forma de como esta é distribuída para os vários agentes sociais que contribuíram para a sua formação. À medida que uma entidade desenvolve suas atividades empresariais, produz fluxos de natureza econômica, apropriados mediante a confrontação das receitas com as despesas para determinar sua magnitude econômica, ou seja, o excedente produzido durante o período. Tradicionalmente, o resultado contábil (lucro líquido) tem sido considerado um dos melhores indicadores para avaliar a gestão. No entanto, esse resultado não significa, fielmente, aumento de riqueza, porque evidencia a riqueza patrimonial sob a perspectiva dos proprietários ou acionistas. A DVA preenche tal lacuna, pois contempla as mesmas informações contidas na Demonstração do Resultado (DRE), introduzindo uma magnitude mais social ao resultado das entidades. Na verdade complementa essa tradicional demonstração, ao representá-la sob a forma de geração e distribuição de riqueza. A formulação técnica da DVA é útil para representar a realidade empresarial a partir de uma ótica diferente, que está relacionada com o resultado do esforço coletivo dos participantes de cada empresa, apresentando indagações fundamentais sobre o papel que essas companhias representam na sociedade e sobre o propósito da própria contabilidade financeira. Este trabalho tem por finalidade propor a DVA como um instrumento gerencial de medição de desempenho.
Scaling Up What Works: Using EMDR to Help Confront the World’s Burden of Traumatic Stress
Authors: Carriere Rolf C.
Published: November 2014

Global estimates of trauma exposure, classified under the heading “Four Violences,” demonstrate that the world faces a mental health crisis of truly epidemic proportions. Given the extent, severity, and consequences of trauma-based disorders (including posttraumatic stress disorder) worldwide for individuals, communities, and societies, the current minimal global public health response needs to be addressed. An important part of the response should involve the implementation of timely treatment both during and after a crisis. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy offers a potentially scalable intervention that combines effectiveness, efficiency, affordability, and acceptability—essential preconditions—for launching an ambitious global trauma therapy plan. An overview of both challenges and solutions to effective scaling up and global implementation is provided, including the areas of policy, funding, and ethics. This article concludes with a list of activities (including research) that should be initiated without delay as part of starting up a global trauma therapy plan.
EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs: 20 Years and Counting
Authors: Gelbach Robert
Published: November 2014

EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs (HAP) was created in 1995 by EMDR clinicians who had offered pro bono care and training for therapists in Oklahoma City after a terrorist attack. HAP set its mission to bring evidence-based trauma therapy to communities that were underserved or that had suffered disasters. HAP’s training programs, which are low-cost, are provided by volunteers and target clinicians in public or nonprofit agencies. HAP currently reaches about 2,000 trainees annually. Similar HAP training programs in developing countries reach about 200 clinicians annually and aim to build local communities of practice that are sustainable. HAP has responded to disasters worldwide, with both training and treatment, but increasingly directs most disaster aid to the United States as new sister organizations appear and respond to disasters in other regions of the world. In recent years, HAP has aimed to promote emergence of its Trauma Recovery Network (TRN)—local voluntary teams of clinicians who stress preparedness as a key component of disaster response. Three TRN chapters in 2010 had grown to 20 in 2013 and will soon double, providing new options for service to HAP’s more than 1,500 registered clinician volunteers.
Developing EMDR Therapy in Pakistan as Part of a Humanitarian Endeavor
Authors: Farrell Derek
Published: November 2014

The empirical justification for the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy as part of the repertoire of interventions used in response to humanitarian endeavors continues at a pace. A devastating earthquake, measuring 7.6 magnitude on the Richter scale, occurred in Northern Pakistan in October 2005. In response, the first EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Program to be facilitated by an academic institution was established. This article highlights how 3 research projects assisted in the continued development of EMDR therapy in Pakistan to the point where presently more than 125 Pakistani mental health professionals have now been trained; it now has its own EMDR National Association and is an active participant within EMDR Asia.
Humanitarian Projects and Growth of EMDR Therapy in Asia
Authors: Mehrotra Sushma
Published: November 2014

This article focuses on the accomplishments of humanitarian projects in Asia using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. The main thrust of EMDR humanitarian assistance programs has been to train local clinicians to provide EMDR to individuals suffering from the disaster. The article highlights the training projects and the experience of using EMDR therapy after earthquakes in China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan; after tsunamis in Japan, India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka; and after accidents and terror attacks in Korea and Pakistan. Detailed descriptions are provided about the responses to the 2001 earthquake in Gujarat; the 2004 tsunami in India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka; the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan; the 2008 earthquake in China; and the 2011 tsunami in Japan. In addition, the article discusses how Asian EMDR therapists are working together to provide training, respond to crises, and establish professional standards, so that EMDR therapy can be established in Asia and integrated into regular practice. Further, this article describes the creation of EMDR Asia, which brought several Asian countries together and share the development of EMDR therapy in their countries. The challenges faced by EMDR Asia today are discussed in detail.
Surface characterization, hemo- and cytocompatibility of segmented poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based polyurethanes
Authors: Pergal Marija , Nestorov Jelena , Tovilovic-Kovacevic Gordana , Jovancic Petar , Pezo Lato , Vasiljevic-Radovic Dana , Djonlagic Jasna
Published: November 2014

Segmented polyurethanes based on poly(dimethylsiloxane), currently used for
biomedical applications, have sub-optimal biocompatibility which reduces
their efficacy. Improving the endothelial cell attachment and
blood-contacting properties of PDMS-based copolymers would substantially
improve their clinical applications. We have studied the surface properties
and in vitro biocompatibility of two series of segmented
poly(urethane-dimethylsiloxane)s (SPU-PDMS) based on hydroxypropyl- and
hydroxyethoxypropyl- terminated PDMS with potential applications in
blood-contacting medical devices. SPU-PDMS copolymers were characterized by
contact angle measurements, surface free energy determination (calculated
using the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good and Owens-Wendt methods), and atomic force
microscopy. The biocompatibility of copolymers was evaluated using an
endothelial EA.hy926 cell line by direct contact assay, before and after
pre-treatment of copolymers with multicomponent protein mixture, as well as
by a competitive blood-protein adsorption assay. The obtained results
suggested good blood compatibility of synthesized copolymers. All copolymers
exhibited good resistance to fibrinogen adsorption and all favored albumin
adsorption. Copolymers based on hydroxyethoxypropyl-PDMS had lower
hydrophobicity, higher surface free energy, and better microphase separation
in comparison with hydroxypropyl-PDMS-based copolymers, which promoted better
endothelial cell attachment and growth on the surface of these polymers as
compared to hydroxypropyl-PDMS-based copolymers. The results showed that
SPU-PDMS copolymers display good surface properties, depending on the type of
soft PDMS segments, which can be tailored for biomedical application
requirements such as biomedical devices for short- and long-term uses.
Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests
Authors: Herrera Fabiany , Manchester Steven R. , Carvalho Mónica R. , Jaramillo Carlos , Wing Scott L.
Published: November 2014

Extant Neotropical rainforests are well known for their remarkable diversity of fruit and seed types. Biotic agents disperse most of these disseminules, whereas wind dispersal is less common. Although wind-dispersed fruits and seeds are greatly overshadowed in closed rainforests, many important families in the Neotropics (e.g., Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Orchidaceae, Sapindaceae) show numerous morphological adaptations for anemochory (i.e. wings, accessory hairs). Most of these living groups have high to moderate levels of plant diversity in the upper levels of the canopy. Little is known about the fossil record of wind-dispersed fruits and seeds in the Neotropics. Six new species of disseminules with varied adaptations for wind dispersal are documented here. These fossils, representing extinct genera of Ulmaceae, Malvaceae, and some uncertain families, indicate that wind-dispersed fruit and seed syndromes were already common in the Neotropics by the Paleocene, coinciding with the early development of multistratal rainforests. Although the major families known to include most of the wind-dispersed disseminules in extant rainforests are still missing from the Paleogene fossil record of South and Central America, the new fossils imply that anemochory was a relatively important product and/or mechanism of plant evolution and diversification in early Neotropical rainforests.
Clinical Features and Histopathological Spectrum in Adolescent Onset Nephrotic Syndrome in a Romanian Children Population
Authors: Gall Zsuzsanna , Duicu Carmen , Kiss Eva , Egyed-Zsigmond I. , Cucerea Manuela , Simon Marta
Published: November 2014

Objectives of study: The adolescent population signifies the transitory period where the frequent occurrence of different histopathological lesions in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is different from that seen in young children as well as that seen in adults. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features and histopathological spectrum of adolescent-onset NS. Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, biochemical investigations and histopathology of 103 children with idiopathic NS referred to the Pediatric Department, County Hospital of Târgu-Mureş. Fourteen patients with congenital-, infantil- and secondary NS were excluded from this study. Results: The patients were divided into 2 groups: in group A we included 69 patients diagnosed with NS diagnosed before 10 years-old, with a median age of 3.76±1.96 years, majority males (59.42%) and presenting the pure form of NS. On the other hand, in group B we included 20 adolescents having the median age at the onset of the disease 13.61±2.18 years, with equal distribution of the sexes and presenting the impure form in 65% of cases. The majority of the patients in both groups (68.11% and 70% respectively) responded to steroid therapy. The commonest histopathological subtype in both groups was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: The incidence of nephrotic syndrome has increased in the last years. The impure form of NS is more frequent in the adolescents than in younger patients. Adolescents with impure and steroid-resistant NS at presentation have other lesions than minimal change disease. The early genetic diagnosis in NS is important for proper clinical management of the patients, prognosis and genetic counseling of the families.
Cytogenetic Characterization of the Genome of Interspecies Hybrids (Alopex-Vulpes)
Authors: Bugno-Poniewierska Monika , Pawlina Klaudia , Orszulak-Wolny Natalia , Woźniak Bartosz , Wnuk Maciej , Jakubczak Andrzej , Jeżewska-Witkowska Grażyna
Published: November 2014

Creation of interspecific hybrids is widely common among plants and animals in order to improve economically important traits for humans. The studied material consisted of chromosomal preparations in the metaphase stage obtained from interspecies hybrids of arctic foxes (Alopex

lagopus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The aim of the study was to analyze the karyotype of the interspecific hybrids taking into account the number of chromosomes of sets A and B. With the use of techniques of classical cytogenetics (C bands, AgNOR bands) and molecular cytogenetics (FISH, PRINS) we carried out a genome analysis of Alopex-Vulpes hybrids. The results of this study showed that chromosomal markers of the interspecies hybrids are inherited from the parent species and are a result of combination of their two genomes. However, intraindividual differences are also observed which may result from aberrations of chromosome segregation during embryonic development. This may lead to the formation of different cell lines with different karyotypes (mosaicism). Moreover, chromosomes of the interspecies hybrids showed telomeric signals at the ends, in the centromers, as well as short chromosome arm rich in heterochromatin. The use of PRINS method led to identification of nucleolus organizer regions on 12 chromosomes of the interspecies hybrids. The hybridization signals obtained were characterized by different size and intensity. In addition, single copies of rDNA in the centromeric regions of several metacentric chromosomes were identified.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patient with Localy Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Skuja Elina , Sorubalko Arturs , Purkalne Gunta , Miklasevics Edvins
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Neoadjuvant (preoperative) concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.

Aim of the study is to analyze efficacy of neoadjuvant CRT and survival rates in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Materials and methods. Retrospective study of 60 locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Clinic of Oncology of Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital from 2007 to 2012 was done.

Results. Long-course radiotherapy (45-50.4 Gy) received 52 patients. Median time from diagnosis to radiotherapy was 35.8 days. Median time to surgery was 47.7 days. Pathological complete remission (pCR) of the primary rectal cancer was not observed. Distribution by pathologic staging was as follows: 28.8% Stage I (7.7% T1N0M0), 32.7% Stage II and 38.5% Stage III. Downstaging occurred in 93.7% in concomitant chemoradiation with Ftorafur, 61.9% in combination with 5FU/LV, and 53.3% in radiation without chemotherapy. Median PFS and OS were not met. In median follow up of 22.6 month overall survival was 90.3%, and PFS - 88%.

Conclusions. Addition of chemotherapy to neoadjuvant radiotherapy is increasing tumor downstaging rate. Ftorafur in concomitant neoadjuvant chemoradiation showed increased downstaging compared to standard 5FU therapy. Response to preoperative therapy improves survival in patient with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Effect of Vancomycin Administration Method on Achieving and Maintaining Its Serum Concentrations In Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Sokolova Vera , Sabelnikovs Olegs
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Vancomycin may be administered by bolus injections (BI) and continuous infusion (CI). Data on BI and CI clinical effectiveness and correlation with mortality, survival and renal injury is variable.

Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to compare the use of vancomycin continuous infusion and bolus administration in intensive care.

Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 46 ICU patients (23 patients received vancomycin CI and 23 - BI) was undertaken to compare efficacy and effect on mortality and morbidity of these two administration methods.

Results. The study revealed association of CI administration with more effective (15 - 25 mg/L) serum vancomycin trough concentration maintenance (31.2% vs 25.6% of treatment time, p=0.011) as well as with reduced incidence of subtherapeutic vancomycin levels (34.3% vs 37.2% of treatment time, p=0.015). We also observed better survival times using CI mode.

Conclusions. CI appears to be beneficial in terms of better maintenance of target VSTC and better patient survival. However, its use compared to bolus administration has no statistically significant impact on overall mortality and incidence of nephrotoxicity.
The Influence of the Levonorgestrel-Releassing Intrauterine System (Lng Ius) on Metabolic Markers in Women with Normal Body Mass and Overweight Women
Authors: Vasaraudze Ineta , Rezeberga Dace , Erts Renars , Lejnieks Aivars
Published: November 2014

Introduction. In Latvia, the number of overweight women is increasing, while the rate of cardio vascular disease (CVD) is one of the highest in the European Union. The influence of hormonal contraception on the development of CVD has not been studied in Latvia so far.

Aim of the study. A nonrandomized open-label prospective trial of healthy reproductive-age women desiring to use the LNG IUS.

Materials and methods. Before starting the use of contraception and six months after starting the use of contraception, the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) score, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and β-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated using fasting glucose (FG) and C peptide values. There were also determined other cardio-metabolic parameters: total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and abdominal circumference.

Results. Thirty women were involved in the study: seventeen women with a normal body-mass index (BMI) (BMI below 25) and thirteen overweight women (BMI above 25). When using the LNG IUS, the fasting glucose level increased in women with normal body mass, the level of insulin sensitivity decreased in both study groups; C peptide level, β-cell function and insulin resistance increased in both groups, but the changes were not statistically reliable (p>0.05).

Conclusion. Although during the study there were determined changes in the FG level, insulin sensitivity, C peptide, β-cell function and insulin resistance parameters, these changes are not clinically significant, and the LNG IUS may be safely used clinically both by women with normal body mass and overweight women.
Glioblastoma – Current Concepts, Prognostic Markers And Molecular Classification
Authors: Jakovlevs Arvids , Vanags Andrejs , Balodis Dainis , Gardovskis Janis , Strumfa Ilze
Published: November 2014

Glioblastoma (GBM) has very poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy including surgical treatment. At present, few molecular markers could clarify GBM prognosis in greater detail. However, better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis would be the mainstay of improved, more personalized treatment modalities. Recent large-scale molecular studies brought new data that altered previous concepts about GBM; even molecular subtypes of GBM have been discovered. We discuss here the classic pathology of GBM along with molecular markers and subtypes of GBM as well as routine applications of these advances.
Neuroendocrine Tumour of the Appendix in Pregnancy
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze , Simtniece Zane , Gardovskis Jānis
Published: November 2014

Despite the fact that the appendix is one of the rarest anatomic localization of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) in the digestive system, the appendicular neuroendocrine tumour (A-NET) remains among the most common tumours of the appendix. The A-NET usually presents as a small solitary lesion revealed only after pathological examination of appendix that has been surgically removed for acute appendicitis. Only 18 papers in the Pubmed database (1965-2012) are dedicated to A-NET in pregnancy. Here we present a well-documented case of A-NET in a pregnant lady.
NATO Summit in Wales: From global megatrends to the new Euro-Atlanticism
Authors: Vukadinović Lidija Čehulić , Begović Monika
Published: November 2014

Numerous representatives of theories of international relations, security theories or alliance theories have examined the new role of the North Atlantic Alliance or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the post-bipolar world. Parallel with the theoretical examination of goals and tasks, NATO has transformed itself in practice, following the realities of the contemporary global era. In trying to achieve and keep the primacy of the strongest military- political organization, the Alliance has - especially in the Strategic Concept adopted in Lisbon in 2010-set the normative and institutional foundations of its global engagement, fulfilling the military (hard) and a wide array of non-military (soft) security challenges. This strategy has given rise to "Euro-Atlanticism", as a subsystem of international relations based on strong American-European relations, to fit with the process of regionalization of global politics. However, the 2013-2014 crisis in Ukraine has turned the focus of interest and activities of NATO once again primarily to Europe and it has stressed the importance and necessity of strengthening Euro-Atlantic security and defence ties. The most powerful member of the Alliance, the United States, is again strongly engaged in Europe and Russia, as a kind of successor to the Soviet Union, is once more detected as a major threat to European security. There have been many aspects of theories of international relations that have tried to explain the dynamic of the post-Cold War international community. However, the approach based on neo-realistic assumptions of the role of a security community, collective defence and the use of military force has proved to be dominant. NATO will continue to work on its political dimension as an alliance of the democratic world and the September 2014 Wales Summit will certainly mark the return of NATO to its roots, strengthening its security and military dimensions in the collective defence of Europe from Russia.
Serbia's Military Neutrality: Origins, effects and challenges
Authors: Ejdus Filip
Published: November 2014

Serbia is the only state in the Western Balkans that is not seeking NATO membership. In December 2007, Serbia declared military neutrality and in spite of its EU membership aspirations, developed very close relations with Moscow. The objective of this paper is threefold. First, I argue that in order to understand why Serbia declared military neutrality, one has to look both at the discursive terrain and domestic power struggles. The key narrative that was strategically used by mnemonic entrepreneurs, most importantly by the former Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica, to legitimize military neutrality was the trauma of NATO intervention in 1999 and the ensuing secession of Kosovo. In the second part of the paper, I discuss the operational consequences of the military neutrality policy for Serbia's relations with NATO and Russia, as well as for military reform and EU accession. Finally, I spell out the challenges ahead in Serbia's neutrality policy and argue that its decision makers will increasingly be caught between pragmatic foreign policy requirements on the one hand and deeply entrenched traumatic memories on the other.
How Long Before NATO Aircraft Carrier Force Projection Capabilities Are Successfully Countered? Some effects of the fiscal crises
Authors: Lučev Josip
Published: November 2014

Growth and fiscal policy conducive to economic development have been severely jeopardized in most NATO member countries since 2008. In sharp contrast, China has experienced only a relatively slower GDP growth, which it has mitigated with a fiscally expansionary outlook. Under these conditions, when can we expect the politico-military position of NATO to be challenged? This paper surveys amphibious force projection capabilities in six countries: the USA, the UK, France, Russia, India and the People's Republic of China (PRC). An assessment of the current capability for aircraft carrier building and a survey of carrier-related ambitions is undertaken to offer projections of probable aircraft carrier fleets by 2030. The three non-NATO countries are far better positioned to build aircraft carriers than the three NATO members, with China in the lead. Nevertheless, there is a high probability of the continued military dominance of the USA and NATO, but also of a military build-up focusing on the Indian Ocean.
Small mammals feeding on hypogeous fungi
Authors: Połatyńska Małgorzata
Published: November 2014

Fungi serve as a food source for a wide variety of animals. Among mammals, most species feed on fungi occasionally or accidentally while foraging for other type of food, but some species are frequent mycophags and fungi can be a dominant component of their diet. Examples of mycophags can be found among marsupials: wallabies and bettongs; and rodents: squirrels, chipmunks, voles and mice. Hypogeous fungi produce closed, underground sporocarps without opening mechanisms, and thus are unable to release their spores into the air. In case of those fungi, animals feeding on sporocarps and spreading spores in their faeces are considered to be the main vector of spore dispersal. Animals that frequently feed on fungi and other heavy digestible food have developed morphological adaptations such as longer gut retention and a spiral construction of the proximal colon, to digest more fungal material which is rich in nitrogen. The spores stay viable after passing through the animal gut, and in some cases their ability to germinate and form mycorrhiza is enhanced after leaving the intestine. Hypogeous fungi are mycorrhizal partners for plants and it is therefore possible that the interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and animals spreading their spores also play an important role in ecosystem functioning.
Aeromycology: studies of fungi in aeroplankton
Authors: Jędryczka Małgorzata
Published: November 2014

Air is a natural environment for spores of many genera and species of fungi. Despite its small size and a significant dispersion they have a great impact on human health and different areas of our activities, such as agricultural production. The study on spores of fungi that belong to aeroplankton or bioaerosole is called aeromycology. The most frequent fungi present in the air are Cladosporium and Alternaria species. Their numbers are abundant regardless of latitude and height above the sea level and above the ground. They mostly originate from agricultural environment. Other frequently listed species of fungi, whose spores are present in the air include of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Sclerotinia and Ganoderma. The concentration of spores in the air strongly depends on the abundance of their formation during the studied period. This in turn relates to geobotanical region, vegetation, degree of urbanization, climatic conditions, season, current weather, wind force and direction, local microclimate, and many other factors. Changes in humidity affect the concentration of different types of fungal spores. In general they are divided to ‘dry’ (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Puccinia, Ustilago, Melampsora, Epicoccum, Drechslera) and ‘wet’ (Didymella, Fusarium, Ganoderma, Gliocladium, Leptosphaeria, Verticillium). Study of the composition of species and genera are being done using different types of spore samplers, mostly volumetric instruments. Visual identification is based on colony morphology of the fungus and the shape and size of spores. The identification at the species level is possible with molecular tools. Methods based on DNA/RNA amplification are very sensitive and accurate. They allow the identification below the species level, e.g. chemotypes, mating types or isolates with genes or alleles of interest. Aerobiological monitoring is widely used in the epidemiology of human diseases (inhalant allergies) and infections of arable crops (decision support systems for the protection of cultivated plants). Aeromycology is interconnected with such diverse areas as industrial aerobiology, bioterrorism, ecology, climatology or even speleology and cultural heritage.
The possibilities of using data on national populations of fungal species to determine the Red List Category (based on the IUCN Criteria)
Authors: Kędra Kamil
Published: November 2014

The paper refers to the current issue of determining the threat category for fungal species based on the widely used IUCN criteria and presents the information concerns the possible usability of data on populations of fungal species, especially macroscopic ones occuring in Poland, in order to make the best possible extinction risk assessment. The data is heterogeneous due to the various reasons, e.g. eneven mycological recognition of different parts of Poland. Therefore, the need to collect and analyze all currently available data for those taxa is urgent. The further discussion on the subject focusing on the development of a uniform national standard for such assessments is one of the most relevant issues for the near future. The arguments being presented in this paper are intented to be an additional voice in this discussion.
A vulnerable disclosure: Dangerous negotiations of race and identity in the classroom
Authors: Hill Dominique C.
Published: November 2014

This autoethnographic essay shares my experience as a teaching assistant, desiring to be more self aware of how my race informed my pedagogy in the classroom. Set in „Race and Cultural Diversity,“ an advanced undergrad writing course, I examine my commitments to racial and social justice within classroom happenings. Using critical performance pedagogy, this study explores my identity performance to identify and create effective strategies that further dialogue on the often charged and sensitive topic of race. Moreover, this essay reveals what I learned about myself and clarified my teaching/learning philosophy.
Gesture, meaning-making, and embodiment: Second language learning in an elementary classroom
Authors: Rosborough Alessandro (Alex)
Published: November 2014

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediational role of gesture and body movement/positioning between a teacher and an English language learner in a second-grade classroom. Responding to Thibault’s (2011) call for understanding language through whole-body sense making, aspects of gesture and body positioning were analyzed for their role as mediational tools for meaning making during a math assignment. Analysis of the teacher-student dyad provides insight as to how they moved from simply exchanging answers to using positions and gestures to embody meaning and feelings, thus establishing strategic ways to solve communication problems in the future. A shift to embodying the communication task provided new meanings not previously afforded while sitting at a desk. Combining a Gibsonian (1979) ecological perspective with Vygotskian (1978, 1986) sociocultural theory provides a way to view the role of embodiment in the social practice of second language learning (van Lier, 2004). Findings provide evidence that gesture along with bodily positions and [inter]actions play a central role in this dyadic meaning- making experience. The data demonstrate the interactive nature of the semiotic resources of the activity (i.e., speech, gesture/hands, math graph, whiteboard), with their materialized bodily/speech-voiced acts coinciding with Thibault’s (2004, 2011) explanation of human meaning-making activity as a hybrid phenomenon that includes a cross-coupled relationship between semiotic affordances and physical-material body activity. This perspective embraces Vygotsky’s (1978, 1997a) view of dialectical development including the importance of psychological and materialized-physical tools such as gesture in dealing with language learning processes (McNeill, 2012).
Divine Acceptance of Sinners: Augustine’S Doctrine of Justification
Authors: Cho Dongsun
Published: November 2014

I argue that the bishop of Hippo taught sola fide, declarative justification, and the divine acceptance of sinners based on faith alone although he presented these pre-Reformational thoughts with strong emphasis on the necessity of growth in holiness (sanctification). Victorinus and Ambrosiaster already taught a Reformational doctrine of justification prior to Augustine in the fourthcentury Latin Christianity. Therefore, the argument that sola fide and justification as an event did not exist before the sixteenth-century Reformation, and these thoughts were foreign to Augustine is not tenable. For Augustine, justification includes imputed righteousness by Christ’s work, which can be appreciated by faith alone and inherent righteousness assisted by the Holy Spirit at the same time of forgiveness in justification. Nonetheless, the sole ground of the divine acceptance does not depend on inherent righteousness, which is real and to increase. The salvation of the confessing thief and the remaining sinfulness of humanity after justification show Augustine that faith alone is the ground of God’s acceptance of sinners. Augustine’s relatively less frequent discussion of sola fide and declarative justification may be due to his need to reject the antinomian abusers who appealed to the Pauline understanding of justification even when they do not have any intentional commitment to holiness after their confessions. Augustine’s teaching on double righteousness shows considerable theological affinity with Bucer and Calvin who are accustomed to speak of justification in terms of double righteousness. Following Augustine, both Bucer and Calvin speak of the inseparability and simultaneity of justification and sanctification. Like Augustine, Bucer also maintains a conceptual, not categorical, distinction between the two graces of God in their doctrines of justification.
Professional Activities of Teacher-Andragogue (Foreign Experience)
Authors: Lukianova Larysa
Published: November 2014

The idea of the conceptualization of adult education has been postulated in the article including its significant differences. The leading distinguishing feature is the personality of pedagogical staff that works with adults. It has been substantiated the dependence of the functions which are performed by pedagogical staff in the adult education system, on the main characteristics of the society. It has been shown the content of the integral-role position of a pedagogue-andragogue which has 3 elements: subject and content, project and technological, organization and diagnostic. The professional activity of a pedagogue-andragogue has been analyzed as the specialist who professionally organizes and conducts adult training and learning, helps create individual programs of training. At the same time, in his/her activity he/she combines different social functions as well. The most typical are to provide the help in renovating the motivation towards learning and professional activity, to combine the content both andragogical and professional activity of his/her learners, to share the methods of supervising adult self-learning.
Professional Training of Future Teacher in Cross-Cultural Dialogue
Authors: Semenog Olena
Published: November 2014

On the example of propaedeutic educational course “Introduction to Slavic Philology” features of future teachers’ professional training of cross-cultural dialogue are considered. Among the main objectives of the course, attention is focused on native language and other languages admirer’s tolerance education, students’ skills formation of making linguistic and cultural comments on folklore, literary texts and discourses; building a strategy and tactics of intercultural communication in accordance to national psychology.

The examples of tokens, “ukrainisms” in Slavic languages and phrases are presented; also, it is considered Slavists as tolerant intermediaries towards intercultural cooperation of countries and peoples, the need for skills of translation activity that caused the crosscultural dialogue.

Based on scientific and encyclopedic sources analysis, educational course testing is making conclusion that Slavic philology is a powerful tool for cross-cultural dialogue. It contains of big factual material that promotes understanding the process of formation and development of ethno-cultural communities in time and space, formation of human values and national identity of supranational cross-cultural thought, ways of tolerant behavior, language understanding and usage. Also it creates conditions for the realization of individuality as Ukrainian language and other languages, cultures, intellectual and emotional contacts between these languages and cultures.
A Comparative Analysis of Models of Bachelors of Arts’ Professional Training in Applied Linguistics at the Universities of Ukraine and the Usa
Authors: Korniienko Vita
Published: November 2014

The analysis of scientists’ researches from different countries dealing with different aspects of training in the educational systems of developed countries was carried out. The models of Bachelors of Arts in Applied Linguistics professional training in Ukraine were considered. It was analyzed a professional training of Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics in the USA and the comparative analysis of models of professional training of Bachelors of Arts in Applied Linguistics at the universities of Ukraine and the USA was carried out. Different and similar approaches of using new learning technologies, the structure and content of educational programs, assessment systems and scientific methods of teaching, practical training Bachelors of Arts in Applied Linguistics, accreditation and certification of Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics qualifications were defined. The general positive characteristics of professional training of Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics in the United States and Ukraine were determined.
Aesthetic Education of Primary School Pupils as an Integral Part of the National System of Continuous Art Education in Japan
Authors: Kuchai Tetiana
Published: November 2014

The article examines aesthetic education of primary school pupils as an integral part of the national system of continuous art education in Japan. One of the most important traditional means of aesthetic education in Japan, according to L. Tsaryova is considered nature. Analysis of the scientific literature by domestic and foreign scientists suggests that instead of collective worship the Japanese established habits that help people develop artistic taste. Having considered the traditions of: tea ceremony, admiring nature; writing, which doesn’t differ from painting and so on, one should point out that the traditions are valuable and remain till nowadays thus promoting the aestheticization of the Japanese people.
Hepatitis E Virus  A Potential Threat to Pregnancy
Authors: Sultana Rosy
Published: November 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20939 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(3): 138-140