bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State Influence on ESG Performance in Emerging Markets: A Study of Institutional Roles
Authors: Santos Jhunior Ronaldo de Oliveira , dos Santos Costa Lucas , Uchoa Mariana Torres , de Melo Gomes Victor Pessoa
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how institutional factors, specifically the role of the State, influence corporate ESG performance in emerging markets. Using a dataset of 293 companies operating in sensitive industries from 2017 to 2021, the analysis employs panel data models to assess the impact of State Direct Dominance (SDD), State Indirect Intervention (SII), and State typologies. The results indicate that SDD negatively affects ESG scores, potentially due to increased bureaucracy. Conversely, SII, characterized by mechanisms such as policy incentives and governance support, positively influences ESG outcomes. Additionally, companies operating in predatory States exhibit significantly lower ESG performance, highlighting governance challenges in such environments. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers, managers, and investors to promote sustainable corporate practices in emerging economies. By emphasizing the nuanced impacts of State interventions, the research advances the understanding of institutional dynamics shaping ESG outcomes.
Carboxymethyl cellulose‐polylactic acid particles for inhibiting anoikis and enhancing wound healing efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hyun , Lee You Bin , Park Hyun Su , Jang Young‐Ju , Kim Youn Chul , Bhang Suk Ho
Published: February 2025

Adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) injection into the wound site promotes angiogenesis and the wound‐closing process by secreting various growth and immune‐modulating factors. However, lower cell attachment sites and the hypoxic microenvironment in the wound site limit their viability and engraftment rate, leading to programmed cell death, anoikis. We synthesized carboxymethyl cellulose‐coated polylactic acid (CMC‐PLA) particles to prevent anoikis by providing an attachable surface for hMSCs. In vitro experiments demonstrated enhanced viability and secretion of growth factors by hMSCs under severely hypoxic microenvironments, when CMC‐PLA particles provided attachment surfaces, compared to controls. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that CMC‐PLA particles injected with hMSCs improved collagen synthesis and wound closure more than those of the control groups. These findings suggest that CMC‐PLA particles effectively enhance the therapeutic potential of hMSCs by providing a supportive microenvironment, promoting cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, thereby offering a promising approach for advanced wound healing therapies.
Design of Zn‐binding Peptide(s) from Protein Fragments
Authors: Kormaník Ján Michael , Herman Daniel , Andris Erik , Culka Martin , Gutten Ondrej , Kožíšek Milan , Bednárová Lucie , Srb Pavel , Veverka Václav , Rulíšek Lubomír
Published: February 2025

We designed zinc(II)‐binding peptide featuring the Cys2His2 zinc‐finger motif. Several tens of thousands of (His/Cys)‑Xn‑(His/Cys) protein fragments (n = 2 to 20) were extracted from the 3D protein structures deposited in Protein Data Bank. Based on geometrical constraints positioning two Cys (C) and two His (H) side chains at the vertices of a tetrahedron, approximately 22 000 sequences of the (H/C)‑Xi‑(H/C)‑Xj‑(H/C)‑Xk‑(H/C) type, satisfying Nmetal‑binding H = Nmetal‐binding C = 2, were processed. To prove the viability of the computational design experimentally, three peptides were synthesized and subjected to isothermal calorimetry (ITC) measurements to determine the binding constants of Zn2+, including the entropy and enthalpy terms. For the strongest Zn2+ ions binding peptide, P1, the dissociation constant was shown to be in the nanomolar range (KD = ~220 nM; corresponding to DGbind = ‑9.1 kcal·mol‑1). In addition, ITC showed that the [P1:Zn2+] complex forms in 1:1 stoichiometry and two protons are released upon binding, which suggests that the zinc coordination involves both cysteines. NMR experiments also indicated that the structure of the [P1:Zn2+] complex might be quite similar to the computationally predicted one. In summary, our proof‐of‐principle study highlights the usefulness of our computational protocol for designing novel metal‐binding peptides.
Structural and Functional Information of Human Hemoglobin Subunit μ
Authors: Han Hui , Liu Xichun , Wang Yanfei , Yu Lu , Gao Shu‐Qin , Lin Ying‐Wu
Published: February 2025

The human hemoglobin subunit μ (Hb‐μ) has been identified as a potential biomarker for α‐thalassemia. However, little structural and functional information is available for this subunit. Here, we have overexpressed and purified a double mutant of C49S/C104S Hb‐μ and solved its X‐ray crystal structure. It adopts a typical protein fold of the globins, similar to that of the α‐subunit. The structure also reveals that the protein undergoes self‐oxidation of Met62 in the heme distal site, producing the form of sulfoxide (Met‐SO). The property and function have also been studied by spectroscopy, which shows that the protein has considerable peroxidase activity due to the presence of a catalytic His‐Arg pair in the heme distal site. The structure‐function relationship of Hb‐μ obtained in this study may provide useful insights into Hb‐related diseases.
Immune profiling of the macroenvironment in colorectal cancer unveils systemic dysfunction and plasticity of immune cells
Authors: Ke Haoxian , Li Peisi , Li Zhihao , Zeng Xian , Zhang Chi , Luo Shuzhen , Chen Xiaofang , Zhou Xinlan , Dong Shichen , Chen Shaopeng , Huang Junfeng , Yuan Ming , Yu Runfeng , Ye Shubiao , Hu Tuo , Tang Zhonghui , Liu Dongbin , Wu Kui , Wu Xianrui , Lan Ping
Published: February 2025

Background

Tumour immune macroenvironment is comprised of tumour and surrounding organs responding to tumourigenesis and immunotherapy. The lack of comprehensive analytical methods hinders its application for prediction of survival and treatment response in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods

Cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF) and RNA‐seq was applied to characterise immune cell heterogeneity in a discovery cohort including tumour, blood and intestinal architecture comprising epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis propria of normal bowel and tumour–adjacent bowel tissues. Immunoprofiling was also validated by a validation cohort using single‐cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcription, CyTOF and multiplex immunofluorescent staining.

Results

Based on cell phenotype and transcription, we identify distinct immunotypes in the CRC macroenvironment including blood, tumour and different intestinal architecture, showing disturbed immune cell compositions, increasing expression of immunosuppressive markers and cell–cell interactions contributing to immunosuppressive regulation. Furthermore, we evaluate immune macroenvironment influencing factors including tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). TLS presence fuels anti‐tumour immunity by promoting CD8+ T cell infiltration and altering activation or suppression of T cell systematically. TLS presence correlates with patient survival, intrinsic CMS and therapeutic efficacy of ICI. PD‐1 and CD69 expressed in effector memory CD8+ T cells from blood can predict TLS presence in the CRC macroenvironment, serving as potential biomarkers for stratifying CRC patients into immunotherapy.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insights into the CRC immune macroenvironment, highlighting immune cell suppression and activation in tumourigenesis. Our study illustrates the potential utility of blood for predicting immunotherapy response.

Key points

Distinct immunotypes are identified in the CRC macroenvironment.

TLS and immunotherapy exert influence on the immune macroenvironment.

TLS presence correlates with patient survival, CMS and therapeutic efficacy of ICI.

PD‐1 and CD69 expressed in CD8+ Tem from blood can predict TLS presence in the CRC macroenvironment.
Sex Differences in the Associations Among Parenting, Socioeconomic Status, and Error Monitoring Among Adolescents
Authors: Pirzada Saad , Valadez Emilio A.
Published: February 2025

The error‐related negativity (ERN) is a frontocentral deflection in the human EEG that is sensitive to error commission. Past research indicates that the ERN is modulated by individual differences in socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting style; however, there is limited research examining sex‐differences in how these factors influence the ERN. The present study aimed to elucidate the relations among SES, parenting style, sex, and the ERN. In this study, 176 participants from a relatively large longitudinal study performed a Flanker task at age 15 years to measure the ERN. At the same assessment time, parenting style was assessed via parent report using the Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Parents reported on their highest level of education which was used as an indicator of household SES. Authoritarian and permissive parenting scores each significantly moderated the relation between maternal education and ERN amplitudes, but in both cases this moderation differed by child sex. There were no significant direct associations between maternal education and ERN amplitude or between parenting scores and ERN amplitude. Overall, findings may suggest sex differences in the impact of social context on error monitoring development. This study highlights (1) that parenting behaviors may modulate the impact of SES on cognitive control and and (2) the importance of considering sex differences when examining the interplay between SES, parenting, and cognitive control.
Stress analysis of crack characteristic of anthracite under dynamic loading
Authors: Bai Yun , Gao Feng , Luo Ning , Zhang Zhizhen , Niu Yue , Su Shanjie
Published: February 2025

The coal dynamic characteristic stress identification under dynamic load is important for guiding underground mineral mining and predicting underground dynamic disasters. In this article, the dynamic compression test of anthracite under five strain rates is carried out, the evolution law of three kinds of crack characteristic stress is analyzed, and a prediction model of the crack characteristic stress threshold considering the strain rate effect is established. Then, the rationality of crack characteristic stress under dynamic loading is discussed from the damage evolution standpoint, and the crack extension response mechanism during dynamic compression of anthracite is discussed. The result shows that the crack characteristic stress threshold is significantly influenced by the strain rate. The three characteristic stress thresholds are positively correlated with the strain rate, but the ratios to the crest stress gradually decrease. The increase in the strain rate strongly contributes to the crack extension behavior of anthracite. In the crack unstable extension phase, because of the increase of the strain rate, anthracite shows more energy dissipation under the same deformation in association with the stress concentration effect and the dynamic strength enhancement effect. The crack propagation rate is increased, the crack propagation path of the section is more complex, and more severe damage occurs before the dynamic failure of anthracite, which leads to even more severe damage.
Next Steps in Use of the Eating Disorder Examination and Related Eating Disorder Assessments: A Call for Consensus
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Gorrell Sasha , Chapa Danielle A. N. , Drury Catherine R. , Stalvey Erin , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Le Grange Daniel
Published: February 2025

Objective

Since its publication almost 35 years ago, the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and its companion paper‐and‐pencil self‐report—the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q)—have remained some of the most widely used and studied tools for the assessment of eating disorder symptoms. Widespread use of the EDE has persisted despite notable limitations of the measure, while other assessment tools developed in the decades since have been inconsistently adopted, both of which may have consequences for accumulation and replication of knowledge within the field.

Method

In the current forum, we propose that common critiques of the EDE are representative of larger issues that face the subfield of ED assessment. Therefore, we propose that larger efforts focused on (a) developing decision‐making frameworks for assessment evaluation and selection, (b) alignment in flexibly adapting measurements for use in different contexts, and (c) consensus in reporting on assessment implementation and alteration should be paired with and could effectively inform more pragmatic revision of tools like the EDE.

Results

We outline a range of recommendations through which the field can address issues related to lack of consensus in assessment‐related decision‐making, inconsistency in measure administration and scoring, and inadequate reporting on assessment practices in peer‐reviewed journals.

Discussion

In sum, we propose that undertaking planful research regarding current use of the EDE and facilitating field‐wide discussion regarding innovation in measure selection and administration can facilitate needed improvement in assessment rigor, data sharing, and inclusiveness within the field.
Colony Site Selection of Gray Heron (Ardea cinerea) During the Breeding Period at Multiple Spatial Scales
Authors: Tian Ran , Li Donghong , Zhang Shiyu , Zhao Yongbin , Yi Guodong
Published: February 2025

The colony site selection of birds reflects their adaptability to the ecological environment. As one of the most common and widely distributed heron species, the gray heron (Ardea cinerea) serves as an interesting study case for ornithologists. Researchers often study their colony site selection characteristics to understand how they adapt to different ecological environments and how these adaptation strategies affect their survival and reproduction. However, the majority of research has focused solely on studying the gray heron in a single region at scales. To maintain the model's generalization ability and ensure accurate predictions of gray heron colony preferences, we avoided using excessively similar landscapes within a single landscape mode. This study utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) and random forest (RM) models to examine the colony site selection during the breeding period of gray herons across various regions and spatial scales, providing insights into their adaptability and the environmental factors influencing their colony site selection. By conducting research across most regions of China, we gain valuable insights into gray heron adaptability and colony strategies across various environments. The results indicate that potentially suitable foraging habitats are the primary determinant of gray heron colony site selection. When habitat requirements are met, gray heron exhibit a degree of flexibility in colony site choice, highlighting their adaptive behaviors and potentially offering new insights into their widespread distribution. By employing this approach, our findings offer new insights into wildlife conservation, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in shaping conservation strategies. Additionally, the methods used in this study may be applicable to other bird species and colony groups, providing valuable insights into habitat preferences across diverse ecological contexts.
Droplet Digital PCR Provides Highly Sensitive and Accurate Opsin Gene SNP Detection From Wild Primate Fecal Samples
Authors: Fernandes Arthur G. , Hernández Saúl Cheves , Navaro Ronald López , Kawamura Shoji , Melin Amanda D.
Published: February 2025

Evaluating field‐sourced samples with poor‐quality and low‐quantity DNA, like animal feces, presents significant challenges in the field of molecular biology. Nonetheless, recent innovations in PCR technology are promoted as effective tools to overcome many of these issues. Here, we evaluate the efficiency of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) as a method for color vision assessment from feces of white‐faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) and report frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a wild population. The sex‐linked color vision polymorphism of monkeys in the Americas is driven by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in opsin genes at up to three tuning sites. DNA was extracted from fecal samples collected from 211 wild capuchins (53.1% males) in Sector Santa Rosa, Costa Rica: 56 were evaluated with ddPCR, 24 with both ddPCR and Sanger sequencing, and 141 with Sanger sequencing (historical dataset). The same opsins and genotypes were derived for each monkey using Sanger and ddPCR; however, the latter method was far more sensitive and required far fewer samples to reach a definitive genotype. Overall, the most frequent phenotypes were red and green/red. The distribution of genotypes was: Females (N = 99): green/red (35.4%), red/red (33.3%), green/yellow (14.1%), yellow/red (12.1%), yellow/yellow (4.0%), and green/green (1.0%); Males (N = 112): red (60.7%), yellow (23.2%), and green (16.1%). Overall, ddPCR was a reliable method for evaluating color vision noninvasively in wild capuchins with the advantage of excellent sensitivity and high‐throughput. ddPCR is highly robust to PCR inhibitors and can be potentially used to identify other disease‐related SNP mutations noninvasively in wild animals.
5‐Substituted 1,2‐Dihydroxyindolizidines and ‐Pyrrolizidines Related to Swainsonine: Synthesis and Inhibition Study
Authors: Gabko Peter , Šesták Sergej , Moncoľ Ján , Bella Maroš
Published: February 2025

Development of selective Golgi α‐mannosidase II inhibitors possessing a modified swainsonine skeleton has recently become a popular field of study due to their great potential in suppressing metastasis. However, most of the studied modifications involve addition of a substituent on the bicycle which makes the synthesis rather complex as five stereogenic centres have to be generated. Inspired by our previously developed synthesis of (5S)‐5‐benzylswainsonines utilizing a fully stereoselective intramolecular reductive amination, we decided to further investigate the versatility of this strategy by preparing a small collection of simplified analogues bearing only two hydroxy groups, thus eliminating one of the stereogenic centres. This contribution reports a concise synthesis of 5‐substituted 1,2‐dihydroxyindolizidines and ‐pyrrolizidines whose key features include small number of steps, high yields and excellent stereoselectivity. The title compounds were also tested for inhibitory activity against a Golgi and a lysosomal α‐mannosidase to assess the effects of the substituents, ring size and missing C8‐hydroxyl on potency and selectivity.
On the Reactivity of Bisphosphirane‐Fused Anthracene towards Dichalcogenide Bonds, IPr Carbene, 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl Isocyanide and Trimethylsilyl Azide
Authors: Luo Qing , Liu Tingting , Huang Linlin , Li Qianli , Lu Wei
Published: February 2025

The development of phosphinidene precursors capable of releasing free phosphinidenes holds great potential in exploiting their reactivity with small molecules and enthalpically strong bonds. We report the facile cleavage of dichalcogenide bonds, including S‐S, Se‐Se and Te‐Te bonded complexes over the phosphorus center of a bisphosphirane‐fused anthracene (1), which produces a variety of phosphonodichalcogenides (2‐4). We also show the ambiphilic nature of 1. The reaction of 1 with nucleophiles, such as 1,3‐bis(isopropyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IiPr) and 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl isocyanide (DipNC) gives a phosphinidene adduct of IiPr and a 1‐phospha‐3‐azaallene, respectively. Treatment of 1 with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) affords an iminophosphanide, manifesting the nucleophilic nature of 1. These compounds were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) and spectroscopic analysis.
The use of steroids in adult epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Walsh Ruth , Doherty Colin P. , Doran Elisabeth
Published: February 2025

Objective

The objective of this study is to systematically review the clinical studies investigating the use of steroids in adult epilepsy.

Methods

This systematic review utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P) to examine literature on the use of steroids in adult epilepsy. Three databases, Embase, PubMed and Medline, were searched and clinical studies fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for review.

Results

There were 4333 articles retrieved after duplicates were removed and 16 met the inclusion criteria. Three of these studied corticosteroid use in seronegative autoimmune epilepsies. There was one study that examined the use of corticosteroids in adult‐onset Rasmussen's Encephalitis. There were three studies which described the use of neurosteroids in various forms of adult epilepsy. The remaining 9 studies were pertaining to the use of corticosteroids in refractory status epilepticus.

Significance

Steroids show favorable outcomes in many forms of adult epilepsy. Yet, there is a paucity of data supporting implementation of this treatment in practice. High‐level evidence such as Randomized‐Controlled Trials investigating the use of corticosteroids in adult epilepsy are required, particularly those examining seronegative autoimmune epilepsy and refractory status epilepticus given the prevalence of these conditions and lack of treatment options.

Plain Language Summary

Epilepsy, characterized by repeated seizures often without a known cause, is initially treated with anti‐seizure medications. However, about one third of patients do not become seizure‐free with medication. Steroids, known for their anti‐inflammatory effect, are now being trialed as a seizure treatment for difficult to control seizures because uncontrolled seizures are thought to cause inflammation in the brain. However, the use of steroids as a treatment for uncontrolled seizures has not been researched widely. This article reviews studies exploring the use of steroids in adult epilepsy and finds that there is some evidence that steroids may be able to improve seizures in some cases. Yet, further research is needed to better understand the effect and benefits of steroids in managing epilepsy.
Omalizumab Treated Urticaria Patients Display T Cell and Thrombocyte‐Associated Gene Regulation
Authors: Smola Anna , Hawerkamp Heike C. , Oláh Péter , Kislat Andreas , Duschner Nicole , Homey Bernhard , Meller Stephan
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a debilitating inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population. It is characterized by recurrent itchy wheals and/or angioedema for more than 6 weeks without known triggers leading to a high quality of life impairment. The pathogenesis of CSU remains not fully understood.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the pathomechanism of CSU beyond mast cells and IgE‐dependent histamine release and to identify possible biomarkers for the disease and its treatment.

Methods

We investigated a patient cohort in the first month of omalizumab treatment regarding the IgE levels and changes in gene and miRNA expression in peripheral blood. The cohort was divided into responders and nonresponders (depending on the score of the urticaria control test) and compared to a group of healthy controls.

Results

Our messenger RNA and microRNA microarray analyses revealed the greatest changes in expression levels on Day 2 after the first omalizumab dose.

Conclusion

We identified several genes and miRNAs of interest, most of which have not been described to be linked to CSU so far, underlining, for example, to T cell involvement or even suggesting platelet involvement.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is a risk factor for long‐term decreases in patient‐reported outcome measures following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kokubu Yasuhiko , Kawahara Shinya , Hamai Satoshi , Akasaki Yukio , Sato Taishi , Konishi Toshiki , Inoue Takahiro , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for alleviating pain and improving function in patients with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis. However, factors influencing long‐term patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative nutritional status, specifically the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the long‐term decline in PROMs following TKA.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent TKA between 2000 and 2009. PROMs were assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS) at two time points: an initial evaluation in 2012 (median postoperative 4 years) and a follow‐up in 2023 (median 13 years). Preoperative GNRI, body mass index (BMI), and other demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis included paired t‐tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for long‐term decline in KSS scores.

Results

A total of 75 patients completed follow‐up assessments. Over the 11‐year follow‐up period, there was a significant decrease in the KSS functional activity scores (p < 0.001), with 47 patients experiencing a decline exceeding the minimal clinically important difference. A multivariate analysis revealed low preoperative GNRI (p = 0.0043) as a significant risk factor for long‐term decline in PROMs.

Conclusion

Preoperative malnutrition, as indicated by a low GNRI, is a significant risk factor for long‐term decline in functional outcomes following TKA. These findings highlight the importance of preoperative nutritional interventions and rehabilitation for improving the long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing TKA.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
An Economic Evaluation of the TROG 99.03 Trial: Systemic Therapy After Radiotherapy in Early‐Stage Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Erku Daniel , Tobin Joshua W. D. , Seymour John F. , MacManus Michael , Scuffham Paul , Hapgood Greg
Published: February 2025

Background

The TROG 99.03 trial demonstrated improved progression‐free survival for patients with early‐stage follicular lymphoma (FL) treated with systemic therapy using rituximab‐cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone (R‐CVP) after involved‐field radiotherapy (RT) versus RT. As systemic therapy was associated with more acute toxicity, the possibility of long‐term toxicity, and no survival benefit yet, the cost‐effectiveness of RT+R‐CVP is important.

Aim

We performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis of RT (reference), RT+CVP, and RT+R‐CVP from the TROG 99.03 trial.

Methods

We constructed a Markov model (15‐year horizon) to compare treatments: RT (reference), RT+CVP and RT+R‐CVP from the 150 patients in the TROG 99.03 trial. Median follow‐up was 11.3 years (range: 4.4–17.8). Lifetime direct health care costs, quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Australian dollars AUD$50,000 was defined as the proposed willingness‐to‐pay threshold (WTP).

Results

RT+R‐CVP was associated with an improvement of 0.711 QALYs compared to RT, 0.532 QALYs compared to RT+CVP, and was the dominant strategy. The costs of adverse events or retreatment for relapses or transformation had a minimal influence on the ICERs. Sensitivity analyses resulted in ICER values below the WTP with RT+R‐CVP remaining the dominant strategy.

Conclusion

RT+R‐CVP is clearly cost‐effective and was the dominant strategy in early‐stage FL compared to RT or RT+CVP as it delivers superior outcomes at a lower cost from the Australian tax‐payer's perspective.

Trial Registration

The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission
A Tale of Two Job Searches: An Integrative Review of How Job Seeker Characteristics Shape Informal Job Search Effectiveness
Authors: Porter Caitlin M. , Solanelles Pol , Cullen‐Lester Kristin L. , Pearson Ashley Howell , Du Juan
Published: February 2025

Informal job search—the use of personal and professional networks for job search—is a popular job search method. Yet, answers to the questions of whether informal job search is effective (relative to formal job search) and why have not been clearly articulated, hindering research progress and limiting practical recommendations for job seekers and institutions. We endeavored to address these questions via an integrative, interdisciplinary review of how job search methods (i.e., formal vs. informal) and forms of social capital (i.e., types of contacts and tie strength) relate to job search outcomes (i.e., finding a job vs. finding quality employment), and we summarize evidence for the role of job seeker characteristics as key contingencies on this process. In doing so, we uncover “a tale of two job searches,” wherein informal job search effectiveness is dependent upon job seeker characteristics that impart status within the labor market and/or society. Collectively, our review provides much‐needed clarity regarding whether an informal job search is better than a formal job search and why, revealing that answers to these questions depend on who is searching for a job. Considering these insights, we outline an agenda for future research focused on enhancing job seekers' access to social networks and integrating job search and social network perspectives to extend knowledge of how different types of job seekers can more effectively utilize their networks for job search.
Associations among sleep quality, cognitive processing therapy, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in a primary care setting
Authors: Park Nicola , Rouvere Julien , Chase Erin , Blanchard Brittany E. , Kaysen Debra L. , Hendrickson Rebecca C. , Fortney John C. , Cerimele Joseph M.
Published: February 2025

Evidence describing the association between sleep quality and trauma‐focused therapy is mixed. This secondary analysis of a primary care sample examined whether (a) baseline sleep quality moderated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity over time across groups receiving different doses of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and (b) sleep quality improved over time with CPT. Participants were 227 adults who screened positive for PTSD and were participating in a clinical trial comparing two models of PTSD treatment delivery in primary care. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) were used to assess sleep disturbance and PTSD symptom severity, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to assess whether baseline PSQI scores moderated 12‐month PCL‐5 scores across CPT dosage groups (0 sessions: 51.1%, 1–7 sessions: 31.7%; ≥ 8 sessions [adequate dose]: 17.2%) and whether PSQI scores differed by group at 12‐month follow‐up. Post hoc analyses examined changes in PCL‐5 sleep disturbance items. Baseline sleep disturbance did not moderate the effect of CPT on PTSD severity among participants with an adequate CPT dose, p > .112. Sleep quality improved with adequate dose, B  = ‐2.63, SE = 0.75, p < .001. Differences in change scores across groups for PCL‐5 Item 2, F(2, 435) = 11.34, and Item 20, H(2) = 32.04, indicated that participants with an adequate CPT dose had greater reductions in trauma‐related sleep symptoms than those who received 0–7 sessions, ps < .001. Residual post‐CPT sleep impairment despite adequate PTSD improvement warrants further interventions.
An Automated Identification Method of Disturbance Ranges of Surface Coal Mines on Vegetation Based on the Fitting of NDVI Spatial Trajectory
Authors: Peng Chuanying , Li Quansheng , Li Jun , Kang Hui , Zhang Chengye , Tang Jiahao , Banerjee Bikram
Published: February 2025

Accurately and efficiently identifying the vegetation disturbance ranges in surface coal mines is of great significance for determining the scope of land degradation and mitigating land degradation. The objective of this article is to propose an automated method for identifying disturbance ranges of surface coal mines on vegetation based on the fitting of NDVI spatial trajectory (called Disran_SpaTFit). The process of the proposed method includes preparing the NDVI spatial trajectory dataset, designing the curve conceptual function model, fitting the spatial trajectory, and selecting the optimal model to identify disturbance ranges. With the Shendong coal base in China as the study area, the mining disturbance ranges of 106 surface coal mines were automatically identified. The results show that: (1) The accuracy of the automated identification of mining disturbance distances was 91.1%, with a mean absolute error of 109 m. (2) Disran_SpaTFit is widely applicable to various heterogeneous coal mines. 96.62% of the NDVI spatial trajectories (1229 out of 1272 in total) were confirmed to match one of the four curve models designed in Disran_SpaTFit. (3) The ranges of mining disturbance in the 106 surface mines exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity across different directions and extend a certain distance away from the open‐cut area. (4) Disran_SpaTFit is able to accurately identify the ranges of mining disturbances for different years, covering the changes before and during mining activities. The results in this article demonstrate that the proposed Disran_SpaTFit provides an effective tool for identifying disturbance ranges of various surface coal mines, which is of importance for ecological assessment and restoration management in mining areas.
A Highly Self‐Healable Elastomer Based on Heterocyclic and Cage‐Shaped Additives with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Hong Pyong Hwa , Kim Young Kyung , Moon Gyeongmin , Kim Min Seon , Han Gyeong Rim , Cho Go Eun , Park Jong Hyuk , Hong Sung Woo
Published: February 2025

A highly self‐healable elastomer based on heterocyclic and cage‐shaped moieties is prepared, and its self‐healing and mechanical properties are investigated. Introducing these functional moieties into a conventional elastomer significantly enhanced reversible physical interactions through intensified hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions facilitated by the cage‐shaped and heterocyclic structures. The self‐healable elastomer exhibits outstanding optical properties, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and self‐healing performance compared to a conventional elastomer lacking these functional groups. These results are attributed to the formation of a unique supramolecular network driven by strong hydrophobic interactions between cage‐shaped adamantane groups and the hydrophobic regions in the matrix, along with intensified hydrogen bonding between the urethane and heterocyclic groups.
Zwitterionic Polycatechols for Covalent Conjugation With Bortezomib and pH‐Triggered Release
Authors: Fu Naikuan , Li Ao , Zhang Jing , Zhang Peng , Zhang Hong , Yang Shicheng , Zhang Jianhua
Published: February 2025

The therapeutic efficacy of Bortezomib (BTZ) is severely limited by its low solubility, poor stability in vivo and nonspecific toxicity. PEGylated nanocarriers can improve drug delivery efficiency, but their applications often suffer from low drug loading, premature leakage and accelerated blood clearance phenomenon. Herein a kind of catechol‐functionalized and sulfobetaine‐based zwitterionic block copolymer (PGMAD‐PSBMA) is prepared by RAFT copolymerization and an epoxy‐amino click reaction. And then PGMAD‐PSBMA is readily used to conjugate with BTZ by the formation of dynamic boronate bonds to obtain zwitterionic BTZ prodrug (PGMAD@BTZ‐PSBMA) and PGMAD@BTZ‐PSBMA micelles. The structure and morphology, physicochemical characteristics, drug loading, pH‐triggered drug release as well as in vitro cytotoxicity of PGMAD@BTZ‐PSBMA micelles are investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that PGMAD@BTZ‐PSBMA micelles can not only possess high drug loading (12.9%) and stable dispersion in physiological pH condition (pH 7.4), but also respond to the tumor acid microenvironment and achieve pH‐responsive BTZ release. The nanocarriers designed here readily combine the desirable functions of polycatechols for stable conjugation and acid‐triggered release and polysulfobetaines for long circulation in blood, which have great potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxic side effects of BTZ and other boronic acid‐containing drugs, such as Ixazomib and Steboronine.
Extra Coupons and Unexpected Loss: The Effect of Unstackable Coupons on Consumer Purchases and Satisfaction
Authors: Gu Chenyan , Jia Shuyue , Li Litong , Chen Jiahan , Lin Jiaomin , Zhou Lei
Published: February 2025

Issuing coupons to promote products and services is used by businesses to stimulate consumption. However, consumers often encounter unstackable coupons, which refers to coupons that cannot be used together due to restrictions on coupon‐stacking. This study examines how unstackable coupons influence consumer purchases and satisfaction using the sense of loss to investigate the mechanism and boundary conditions of the effects of unstackable coupons through five experiments. We find an unstackable coupon reduces consumers’ purchase intentions and satisfaction, and a sense of loss plays a mediating role in this process. Our results also verify the moderating effects of the period of the coupon's validity, conditions for obtaining coupons, and the effort level required to obtain them. These findings provide guidance for enterprises in conducting coupon promotions to increase sales as well as consumer satisfaction.
Rational Design of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Ou Yang , Zhang Yifan , Luo Wen , Wu Yang , Wang Yong
Published: February 2025

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents a significant approach to achieving sustainable energy generation through solar energy, addressing both energy shortages and environmental pollution. Among various photocatalytic materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained widespread attention and in‐depth research due to their unique advantages, including high porosity, predesignability, and atomic‐level tunability. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development, performance enhancement, and mechanistic understanding of COF‐based photocatalysts. This review focuses on the latest advancements in photocatalytic H2O2 production using COFs, particularly emphasizing the rational design of COF structures to regulate catalytic performance and exploring the fundamental processes involved in photocatalysis. Based on current research achievements in this field, this paper also discusses existing challenges and future opportunities, aiming to provide a reference for the application of COFs in photocatalytic H2O2 production.
Usefulness of Pulsed Wave Doppler Ultrasonography for Evaluating Recipient Vessels of Free Flap Reconstruction in Patients With Severe Extremity Trauma: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , Hatashita Satoshi , Nikaido Takuya , Hakozaki Michiyuki , Kameda Takuya , Kaneuchi Yoichi , Kawamae Yoshifumi , Ito Masayuki , Matsumoto Yoshihiro
Published: February 2025

Background

In cases of severe extremity trauma treated with the ‘internal fixation for fractures and flap’ technique, successful soft tissue reconstruction requires selecting recipient vessels that avoid the zone of injury. Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography has been proposed as a useful tool for the preoperative evaluation of recipient vessels in plastic surgeries. This report aimed to present the preliminary experience of pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography in traumatic disease.

Methods

This report included 14 free flaps from 13 patients with severe extremity trauma. The flaps included nine free latissimus dorsi flaps (two combined with serratus anterior flaps) and five free anterolateral thigh flaps. The recipient vessels included the posterior tibial artery (n = 8), anterior tibial artery (n = 2), perforator of the hypoplastic posterior tibial artery (n = 1), brachial artery (n = 1), radial artery (n = 1), and the ulnar artery (n = 1). Preoperative pulsed Doppler ultrasonography was used to evaluate the recipient vessels and the vascular anastomosis site was determined based on the modified waveform classification and maximum flow velocity (Vmax), as described by Ogino et al. The following variables were analyzed: modified vascular waveform classification at the anastomosis site, Vmax, presence of posttraumatic vessel disease, and flap survival rate.

Results

The modified vascular waveform classification at the anastomotic site was D‐1a in seven cases, D‐1b in four cases, and D‐2 in three cases, with an average Vmax of 27.4 cm/s (range: 16.2–40.0 cm/s). Post‐traumatic vessel disease was not observed in any of the cases. The flap survival rate was 100%.

Conclusion

Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the preoperative evaluation of recipient vessels in free flap reconstruction for severe extremity trauma. Its use can help ensure the optimal selection of recipient vessels, contributing to high flap survival rates.
Eradicating an Alien Predator Population in a Seasonal Environment
Authors: Aniţa Sebastian , Baciu Teodora , Capasso Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

We investigate the problem of eradicating an alien predator population in a seasonal environment. It is expressed as a zero‐stabilizability problem with state constraints. The dynamics of the predators is described by a prey–predator system with nonlocal reaction terms and time‐periodic rates. First, we are concerned with a control that acts on the predators, in a subset of the relevant habitat. A necessary condition and a sufficient condition for the eradicability (zero‐stabilizability) of predators is given in terms of the sign of the principal eigenvalue of an appropriate operator that is not self‐adjoint. Next, we investigate the eradicability of predators via controllers of harvesting type which act either on the predator population or on the prey population. Concerning this last approach, the idea is to diminish the prey population to a level at which it cannot sustain the predator population. Some principal eigenvalues will be involved in this investigation as well.
The Efficacy of Hip and Knee Muscles Strengthening Versus Knee Muscle Strengthening Alone in Managing Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Halabi Mumen H. , Alturkistani Belal A. , Abuhadi Rayan H. , Garout Amr N. , Almuqbil Faisal B. , Alshehri Mohammed S.
Published: February 2025

Background

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee issue in young adults characterised by anterior knee pain during knee flexion with weight‐bearing or prolonged sitting. Physical therapy is the primary treatment. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compares the efficacy of hip and knee muscle strengthening (HKS) versus knee muscle strengthening alone (KS) in managing PFPS.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of Elsevier, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HKS and KS in PFPS patients. A risk of bias tool assessed study quality. Outcomes, including pain, functional activity, and muscle strength, were analysed using a random‐effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Six RCTs involving 241 patients (96.3% females) were included. HKS significantly improved pain (SMD = −1.29, 95% CI [−1.98, −0.59], p = 0.0003, I2 = 87%) and functional activity (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI [0.22, 1.76], p = 0.01, I2 = 88%) compared to KS. No significant difference was observed in muscle strength (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI [−0.31, 0.71], p = 0.44, I2 = 63%).

Conclusion

HKS effectively reduces pain and improves functional activity in patients with PFPS. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and address study limitations.

Study registration

This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023451065) and reported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Asynchronous Control for Discrete‐Time Singular Markov Jump Systems With Incomplete Transition Probabilities and Actuator Saturation
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yan Huaicheng , Tian Yongxiao , Qi Ping
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the asynchronous control problem for discrete‐time singular Markov jump systems (SMJSs) with incomplete transition probabilities (TPs) and actuator saturation. A hidden Markov model (HMM) is employed to characterize the asynchronization behavior between the system and the controller, and the TPs of the system and the controller are not completely known. A convex hull approach is constructed to deal with the saturated non‐linearity. Firstly, some sufficient conditions to ensure the system is stochastically admissible (SA) with desired performance are obtained. Secondly, a novel approach is given to design the special structural controllers. Thirdly, the domain of attraction of the system is estimated. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by simulations.
Cognitive Outcomes in Children Treated for Ependymoma Diagnosed Under 36 Months: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thomas Sophie , Morley Emily , Ritzmann Timothy , Clayton Christopher , Powers Kathyrn , Airdrie Jac , Robinson Louise , Fifield Kate , Packham Anna , Oprandi Maria Chiara , Lui Jo‐Fen , Whitfield Gillian , Thorp Nicola , Limond Jennifer , Grundy Richard
Published: February 2025

It is crucial to understand the morbidity associated with treatments for young children with ependymoma given this is a high incidence age group also known to be at risk of poorer cognitive outcomes. This review aimed to identify the quality of existing evidence describing cognitive outcomes in children treated for ependymoma under 36 months of age with a particular focus on the impact of radiotherapy. Eight studies were identified. Given the quality and heterogeneity of methodology, studies were only suitable for qualitative synthesis, as the majority included small numbers of participants with multiple confounding factors. Whilst some studies reported poor cognitive outcomes, the only large study reporting planned irradiation reported outcomes below the population mean but still broadly in the average range. This was consistent with a further study of interest that did not meet inclusion criteria but reported outcomes for children treated under five years old, many of whom were likely in the target population age for this review. Overall, the length of follow‐up was often limited, and further research to monitor long‐term impact, including photon and proton irradiation protocols on cognitive development, is required. Importantly, there is an urgent need to agree homogeneous methodology and achieve international consensus for cognitive assessment protocols to interrogate cognitive outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Psychotherapeutic Change in Intensive Day Treatment for Personality Disorders: A Single Case Study of Quantitative and Qualitative Change in Agency and Communion
Authors: Pol Silvia M. , Brok Elke , Westerhof Gerben J.
Published: February 2025

A better understanding of psychotherapeutic change is seen as essential for further development of treatment for personality disorders. The objective of this study is to describe the psychotherapeutic change process of a client with personality disorder to develop more insight in psychotherapeutic change processes. The change process was described quantitatively from ROM data and quantitatively and qualitatively from two narrative themes, agency and communion, described from the perspectives of client and treatment team. Reliable change analyses showed decrease in personality problems and increase in personality functioning and mental well‐being. Content analyses from the client perspective showed positive changes in meaning, actual behavior change, and connection with others. The treatment team noticed growth in self‐management ability and in connecting with own emotions and with others. These changes resulted in an increase in agency and communion. By mapping change processes through multiple sources and perspectives, the efficacy of psychotherapeutic treatment can be better understood.