bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress as a cost of reproduction: Beyond the simplistic trade‐off model
Authors: Speakman John R. , Garratt Michael
Published: November 2013

The idea that oxidative stress may underpin life history trade‐offs has become extremely popular. However, experimental support for the concept has proved equivocal. It has recently been suggested that this might be because of flaws in the design of existing studies. Here, we explore the background to the oxidative stress hypothesis and highlight some of the complexities in testing it. We conclude that the approach recently suggested to be least useful in this context (comparing reproducing to non‐reproducing animals) may in fact be the most powerful. Moreover, suggested alternative approaches of limiting food supply or manipulating litter sizes have many complexities and problems. We suggest some useful alternative approaches that have not been previously advocated, particularly the study of individuals reproducing at greater parity later in life. Finally, the measures of oxidative stress and tissues that are analysed influence the experimental outcome. This suggests our conceptual model of the trade‐off is currently too simplistic, and that studies based on single or limited numbers of assays, or restricted to single tissues, whether they support or refute the theory, should be interpreted with great caution.
Flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of acetylsalicylic acid based on its enhancing effect on the lucigenin–hydrogen peroxide system
Authors: Wabaidur S. M. , Alam S. M. , Alothman Z. A. , Eldesoky Gaber
Published: November 2013

A sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid is described. It is based on the enhanced chemiluminescent emission of the alkaline lucigenin–H2O2 system by acetylsalicylic acid. The difference in chemiluminescent intensity of alkaline lucigenin–H2O2 in the presence of acetylsalicylic acid from that in the absence of acetylsalicylic acid was linear at acetylsalicylic acid concentrations in the range of 0.0029–47.37 µg/mL, with detection and quantification limits of 0.0011 and 0.0029 µg/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the working curve was 0.9983. The relative standard deviation (n = 10) for 25 µg/mL acetylsalicylic acid is 1.95%. All experimental parameters were optimized. The method was successfully applied to the determination of acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. The recovery results obtained by the method were satisfactory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nomogram to calculate the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM)
Authors: Williams D J , Walker J D
Published: November 2013

Background

The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) is a well validated model for the prediction of perioperative mortality and morbidity with application to surgery and intensive care medicine. The outcome measure calculations are time-consuming, complex and potentially error-prone. Nomograms are low-cost easy-to-use graphic devices that can be used to make repeated calculations to an acceptable level of accuracy for most clinical purposes. This paper describes a nomogram to aid calculation of POSSUM scores.

Methods

This graphic solution consists of two sections: a tally sheet to calculate physiological and operative severity scores (PS and OS), and a nomogram to calculate mortality and morbidity. The latter was designed using standard mathematical methods, and drafted with the aid of commercially available software. Accuracy was confirmed by using a spreadsheet to generate 120 random sets of simulated values for PS and OS, and corresponding calculated values for predicted mortality and morbidity. The outcome values in each case were derived using the nomogram and compared with the spreadsheet values using Bland–Altman analysis.

Results

Bland–Altman analysis showed close agreement between nomogram and spreadsheet. Bias of the nomogram was −0·1 percentage points for mortality and 0·1 percentage points for morbidity, with limits of agreement of −2·1 to +1·9 and −1·4 to +1·6 percentage points for mortality and morbidity respectively. Correlation coefficients were r > 0·999 and P < 0·001 for both mortality and morbidity.

Conclusion

The nomogram provides a rapid, accurate, low-cost means of performing, visualizing and cross-checking POSSUM calculations.
Expression of FAP, ADAM12, WISP1, and SOX11 is heterogeneous in aggressive fibromatosis and spatially relates to the histologic features of tumor activity
Authors: Misemer Benjamin S. , Skubitz Amy P. N. , Carlos Manivel J. , Schmechel Stephen C. , Cheng Edward Y. , Henriksen Jonathan C. , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Corless Christopher L. , Skubitz Keith M.
Published: November 2013

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) represents a group of tumors with a variable and unpredictable clinical course, characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of myofibroblastic cells. The optimal treatment for AF remains unclear. Identification and validation of genes whose expression patterns are associated with AF may elucidate biological mechanisms in AF, and aid treatment selection. This study was designed to examine the protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of four genes, ADAM12, FAP, SOX11, and WISP1, that were found in an earlier study to be uniquely overexpressed in AF compared with normal tissues. Digital image analysis was performed to evaluate inter‐ and intratumor heterogeneity, and correlate protein expression with histologic features, including a histopathologic assessment of tumor activity, defined by nuclear chromatin density ratio (CDR). AF tumors exhibited marked inter‐ and intratumor histologic heterogeneity. Pathologic assessment of tumor activity and digital assessment of average nuclear size and CDR were all significantly correlated. IHC revealed protein expression of all four genes. IHC staining for ADAM12, FAP, and WISP1 correlated with CDR and was higher, whereas SOX11 staining was lower in tumors with earlier recurrence following excision. All four proteins were expressed, and the regional variation in tumor activity within and among AF cases was demonstrated. A spatial correlation between protein expression and nuclear morphology was observed. IHC also correlated with the probability of recurrence following excision. These proteins may be involved in AF pathogenesis and the corresponding pathways could serve as potential targets of therapy.
Impact of in‐hospital bleeding according to the bleeding academic research consortium classification on the long‐term adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yoon Yong‐Hoon , Kim Young‐Hak , Kim Seon‐Ok , Lee Jong‐Young , Park Duk‐Woo , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung
Published: November 2013

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents on long‐term clinical events according to the newly proposed Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) classification.

Background

Current evidence about the impact of the BARC classification is limited.

Methods

Out of a total of 6,166 patients who underwent PCI in a prospective IRIS‐DES registry, the impact of in‐hospital bleeding defined as the BARC classification on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprising death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke was analyzed.

Results

In‐hospital bleeding occurred in 235 patients (3.8%) according to BARC classification. During the 2‐year follow‐up, MACE occurred in 599 patients (9.7%). The 2‐year incidence of MACE was significantly higher in patients with bleeding (16.7% vs. 8.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.3; P = 0.002) than in those without bleeding. We observed a higher risk of MI (12.4% vs. 6.4%; adjusted HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.6, P = 0.005), stroke (3.0% vs. 0.6%; adjusted HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4–6.2, P = 0.005) in patients with bleeding. Death (3.8% vs. 1.6%; adjusted HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9–3.0, P = 0.120) and target vessel revascularization (4.3% vs. 1.9%; adjusted HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9–2.9, P = 0.108) were statistically insignificant. Incidence, adjusted HR and P‐value were similar between BARC and TIMI classification.

Conclusions

In‐hospital bleeding events according to the newly proposed BARC definition were significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse long‐term events in patients undergoing PCI with drug‐eluting stents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning Hydrodesulfurization Active‐Phase Dispersion using Optimized Mesoporous Titania‐Doped Silica Supports
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Minh Tuan , Rajbhandari Prashant , Lancelot Christine , Blanchard Pascal , Lamonier Carole , Bonne Magali , Royer Sébastien , Dumeignil Franck , Payen Edmond
Published: November 2013

Solids composed of TiO2 nano‐crystallites (10–40 wt %) dispersed in an SBA‐15 matrix were synthesised and used as hydrodesulfurisation (HDS) active‐phase supports. Well‐dispersed polymolybdate species were detected by Raman spectroscopy on all the CoMo‐based oxidic precursors. Undesirable bulk CoMoO4 mixed oxide was also detected on the surface of low‐TiO2‐content materials, which suggests the enhancement of the Mo oxidic species dispersion as a result of the presence of TiO2. After activation under H2/H2S, the obtained catalysts were tested in the HDS of thiophene. An optimum conversion was observed for the catalyst supported on the solid that contained 20 wt % TiO2, which outperformed the homologous samples supported on TiO2 and SBA‐15. This clearly highlights the beneficial effect of using such nano‐TiO2‐SBA‐15 composite supports, in which SBA‐15 confers adequate textural properties to the system, and the active phase benefits from the dispersive effect of TiO2.
Facile Access to cis‐2,6‐Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans by Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation: Total Syntheses of (±)‐Centrolobine and (+)‐Decytospolides A and B
Authors: Zeng Jing , Tan Yu Jia , Ma Jimei , Leow Min Li , Tirtorahardjo Davin , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: November 2013

cis‐2,6‐Tetrahydropyran is an important structural skeleton of bioactive natural products. A facile synthesis of cis‐2,6‐disubstituted‐3,6‐dihydropyrans as cis‐2,6‐tetrahydropyran precursors has been achieved in high regio‐ and stereoselectivity with high yields. This reaction involves a palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylation of various 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran substrates. Extending this reaction to 1,2‐unsaturated carbohydrates allowed the achievement of challenging β‐C‐glycosylation. Based on this methodology, the total syntheses of (±)‐centrolobine and (+)‐decytospolides A and B were achieved in concise steps and overall high yields.
Modelling strategies for emulsification in industrial practice
Authors: Janssen Jo J.M. , Hoogland Hans
Published: November 2013

Emulsification modelling has received quite some attention in academic literature. Given the importance of modelling for process optimisation and scale‐up, it is a relevant question to what extent this work is used in industrial practice. In this paper we address this question based on Unilever experience, mainly for food and personal care emulsions. These products often have a high droplet fraction and/or a non‐Newtonian rheology, and the geometry of the emulsification equipment is often complex. This limits the use of advanced methods like multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Most of the practical work is still based on semi‐empirical models.
Discovery of Potent HDAC Inhibitors Based on Chlamydocin with Inhibitory Effects on Cell Migration
Authors: Wang Shimiao , Li Xiaohui , Wei Yingdong , Xiu Zhilong , Nishino Norikazu
Published: November 2013

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family is a promising drug target class owing to the importance of these enzymes in a variety of cellular processes. Docking studies were conducted to identify novel HDAC inhibitors. Subtle modifications in the recognition domain were introduced into a series of chlamydocin analogues, and the resulting scaffolds were combined with various zinc binding domains. Remarkably, cyclo(L‐Asu(NHOH)‐L‐A3mc6c‐L‐Phe‐D‐Pro, compound 1 b), with a methyl group at positions 3 or 5 on the aliphatic ring, exhibited better antiproliferative effects than trichostatin A (TSA) against MCF‐7 and K562 cell lines. In addition to cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis, cell migration inhibition was observed in cells treated with compound 1 b. Subsequent western blot analysis revealed that the balance between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) determines the degree of metalloproteinase activity in MCF‐7 cells, thereby regulating cell migration. The improved inhibitory activity imparted by altering the hydrophobic substitution pattern at the bulky cap group is a valuable approach in the development of novel HDAC inhibitors.
Brightness scaling according to gamut relativity
Authors: Vladusich Tony
Published: November 2013

Brill and Carter [Color Res Appl (DOI:10.1002/col21777)] rekindle the question of whether brightness scaling is better approximated by a log or power function, proposing on theoretical and empirical grounds that the log function is the correct choice. This note provides a new twist to this debate in terms of a recently introduced theory of brightness and lightness perception, called gamut relativity. The theory reconciles the log and power function formulations and approximately predicts the weight/exponent values associated with these functions. The theory provides, moreover, a unified and testable approach to human performance in brightness magnitude estimation, discrimination and matching tasks. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 463–465, 2014
A new approach to designing firewall based on multidimensional matrix
Authors: Cheng Yuzhu , Wang Weiping , Min Geyong , Wang Jianxin
Published: November 2013

Firewalls are crucial elements to enhance network security by examining the field value of every packet and decide whether to accept or discard the packet according to the firewall policy. However, the design of firewall policies, especially for enterprise networks, is complex and error‐prone. This paper aims to propose an effective firewall design method to ensure the consistency, compactness and completeness of firewall rules. Specifically, we develop a new designing model, namely firewall design matrix, and the corresponding construction algorithm for mapping firewall rules to firewall design matrix. A firewall generation algorithm is proposed to generate the target firewall rules that are equivalent to the original ones while maintaining the completeness. Theoretical proof and extensive experiments on both real‐world and synthetic firewalls are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that it can achieve a high compression ratio efficiently while maintaining the firewall rules conflict‐free. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene‐Supported Trimetallic Core–Shell Cu@CoNi Nanoparticles for Catalytic Hydrolysis of Amine Borane
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Yang Lan , Cao Nan , Du Cheng , Hu Kai , Su Jun , Luo Wei , Cheng Gongzhen
Published: November 2013

Trimetallic core–shell Cu@CoNi nanoparticles (NPs) supported on graphene with different compositions are synthesized through a one‐step in situ reduction process by using methylamine borane (MeAB) as a reducing agent. The as‐synthesized Cu‐core/CoNi‐shell NPs are well dispersed on graphene. Among the catalysts studied, Cu0.1@Co0.45Ni0.45/graphene displays the highest catalytic performance toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB), with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 15.46 mol H2 min−1(mol catalyst)−1, which is higher than those of most reported non‐noble‐metal‐based NPs, and even higher than many noble‐metal‐based NPs. Additionally, the as‐synthesized Cu0.1@Co0.45Ni0.45/graphene NPs reduced by MeAB exhibit a higher catalytic activity than those reduced by NaBH4 and AB. Furthermore, the as‐prepared NPs have good durability and magnetic recyclability for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB and MeAB.
Design and implementation of switched coil LC‐VCOs in the GHz range using the self‐inductance technique
Authors: Cernoia Federico , Ponton Davide , Palestri Pierpaolo , Thurner Peter , Dalt Nicola Da , Cecco Giulio , Selmi Luca
Published: November 2013

This paper presents the design and implementation of dual‐band LC‐VCOs in the GHz‐range featuring a switched coil LC‐tank. The proposed design exploits the self‐inductance technique. The design of the coil starts from simple considerations and back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations, then electromagnetic simulations are used to optimize the coil layout. The sizing of the switch and its impact on the VCO performance are addressed as well. The VCOs have been implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology. Good correlation between simulated and measured tuning range and phase noise is obtained for all designs, thus confirming the validity and robustness of the design methodology and coil models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Threat‐related attentional bias in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dipl‐Psych Ilka Schober , Renwick Beth , de Jong Hannah , Kenyon Martha , Sharpe Helen , Jacobi Corinna , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: November 2013

Objective

Attentional bias (AB) modification treatment targeting general or social anxiety has been recently highlighted as a potential novel approach for the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). The purpose of this study was to examine threat‐related AB in patients with ANand healthy control participants (HC) and the relationship between AB and eating disorder and other psychopathology.

Method

Forty‐nine female outpatients with AN or Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Anorexia Type (EDNOS‐AN), and 44 female HC completed a dot‐probe task with threat words and a range of self‐report measures assessing eating disorder symptoms and other psychopathology.

Results

There was no evidence for a differential threat‐related AB in AN patients despite elevated anxiety in this group. The AB‐index, a parameter of the magnitude of attention allocation when two competing stimuli are presented, did not correlate with any of the self‐report measures. However, patients with AN responded significantly more slowly to the probe as compared to controls, regardless of the valence or position of the stimuli.

Discussion

The results suggest that the AB in AN patients may be specific to eating disorder‐relevant anxieties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:168–173)
Cannabis withdrawal syndrome: An important diagnostic consideration in adolescents presenting with disordered eating
Authors: Chesney Tyler , Matsos Laura , Couturier Jennifer , Johnson Natasha
Published: November 2013

Although previously thought to have no withdrawal symptoms, there is now convergent evidence for a cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS), criteria for its diagnosis, and evidence of its impact in the adolescent population. Cannabis withdrawal syndrome represents an important and under‐recognized consideration in adolescents with disordered eating. We describe three clinical cases of adolescents presenting to an eating disorders program with primary complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms, food avoidance, and associated weight loss. They did not meet the criteria for an eating disorder, but did fulfill the DSM‐5 criteria for CWS. This report emphasizes the importance of considering the impact of heavy cannabis use in adolescents presenting with gastrointestinal complaints, and eating disorder symptoms, including weight loss. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:219–223)
Simultaneous and rapid determination of caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by MEKC in a short capillary with dual contactless conductivity/photometry detection
Authors: Vochyánová Blanka , Opekar František , Tůma Petr
Published: November 2013

A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of taurine and caffeine using a laboratory‐made instrument enabling separation analysis in a short 10.5 cm capillary. The substances are detected using a contactless conductometry/ultraviolet (UV) photometry detector that enables recording both signals at one place in the capillary. The separation of caffeine and taurine was performed using the MEKC technique in a BGE with the composition 40 mM CHES, 15 mM NaOH, and 50 mM SDS, pH 9.36. Under these conditions, the migration time of caffeine is 43 s and of taurine 60 s; LOD for caffeine is 4 mg/L using photometric detection and LOD for taurine is 24 mg/L using contactless conductometric detection. The standard addition method was used for determination in Red Bull energy drink of caffeine 317 mg/L and taurine 3860 mg/L; the contents in Kamikaze drink were 468 mg/L caffeine and 4110 mg/L taurine. The determined values are in good agreement with the declared contents of these substances. RSD does not exceed 3%.
Acetaldehyde and the genome: Beyond nuclear DNA adducts and carcinogenesis
Authors: Brooks Philip J. , Zakhari Samir
Published: November 2013

The designation of acetaldehyde associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages as “carcinogenic to humans” (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has brought renewed attention to the biological effects of acetaldehyde, as the primary oxidative metabolite of alcohol. Therefore, the overall focus of this review is on acetaldehyde and its direct and indirect effects on the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. We first consider different acetaldehyde‐DNA adducts, including a critical assessment of the evidence supporting a role for acetaldehyde‐DNA adducts in alcohol related carcinogenesis, and consideration of additional data needed to make a conclusion. We also review recent data on the role of the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway in protecting against acetaldehyde genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, as well as teratogenicity. We also review evidence from the older literature that acetaldehyde may impact the genome indirectly, via the formation of adducts with proteins that are themselves critically involved in the maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability. Finally, we note the lack of information regarding acetaldehyde effects on the mitochondrial genome, which is notable since aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), the primary acetaldehyde metabolic enzyme, is located in the mitochondrion, and roughly 30% of East Asian individuals are deficient in ALDH2 activity due to a genetic variant in the ALDH2 gene. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of all of the mechanisms by which acetaldehyde impacts the function of the genome has implications not only for alcohol and cancer, but types of alcohol related pathologies as well. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:77–91, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Equivalence conditions between linear Lagrangian finite element and node‐centred finite volume schemes for conservation laws in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: De Santis D. , Geraci G. , Guardone A.
Published: November 2013

A complete set of equivalence conditions, relating the mass‐lumped Bubnov–Galerkin finite element (FE) scheme for Lagrangian linear elements to node‐centred finite volume (FV) schemes, is derived for the first time for conservation laws in a three‐dimensional cylindrical reference. Equivalence conditions are used to devise a class of FV schemes, in which all grid‐dependent quantities are defined in terms of FE integrals. Moreover, all relevant differential operators in the FV framework are consistent with their FE counterparts, thus opening the way to the development of consistent hybrid FV/FE schemes for conservation laws in a three‐dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. The two‐dimensional schemes for the polar and the axisymmetrical cases are also explicitly derived. Numerical experiments for compressible unsteady flows, including expanding and converging shock problems and the interaction of a converging shock waves with obstacles, are carried out using the new approach. The results agree fairly well with one‐dimensional simulations and simplified models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of pilot plant scale continuous fryer to simulate industrial production of potato chips: thermal properties of palm olein blends under continuous frying conditions
Authors: Tarmizi Azmil Haizam Ahmad , Ismail Razali
Published: November 2013

Binary blends of palm olein (PO) with sunflower oil (SFO), canola oil (CNO), and cottonseed oil (CSO) were formulated to assess their stability under continuous frying conditions. The results were then compared with those obtained in PO. The oil blends studied were: (1) 60:40 for PO + SFO; (2) 70:30 for PO + CNO; and (3) 50:50 for PO + CSO. The PO and its blends were used to fry potato chips at 180°C for a total of 56 h of operation. The evolution of analytical parameters such as tocols, induction period, color, p‐anisidine value, free fatty acid, smoke point, polar compounds, and polymer compounds were evaluated over the frying time. Blending PO with unsaturated oils was generally proved to keep most qualitative parameters comparable to those demonstrated in PO. Indeed, none of the oils surpassed the legislative limits for used frying. Overall, it was noted that oil containing PO and SFO showed higher resistance toward oxidative and hydrolytic behaviors as compared to the other oil blends.
Above‐zone pressure monitoring and geomechanical analyses for a field‐scale CO2injection project in Cranfield, MS
Authors: Kim Seunghee , Hosseini Seyyed Abolfazl
Published: November 2013

Pressure and temperature monitoring of an above‐zone monitoring interval (AZMI), as well as of an injection zone (IZ), has been attempted at a field‐scale CO2injection site in Cranfield, MS. Recorded pressure data in the AZMI revealed a certain amount of increase with no evidence of direct fluid flow between the IZ and the AZMI. We therefore attempted to interpret the field‐measurement data from a geomechanical perspective. First, we tried an analytical approach that combined Green's functions with a poroelastic theory that is based on Segall's derivation (1992). The analysis was shown to provide fast first‐order and probabilistic estimation. Next, we attempted a numerical simulation in which fully coupled calculation between fluid flow and poroelasticity was implemented. Numerical‐simulation results using COMSOL matched well with the field data at one monitoring location in the AZMI. However, field data differ from those of a numerical simulation at the other monitoring well. We suggest that field measurement at the other location in the AZMI might be disturbed during the pressure monitoring, based on bottom‐hole pressure records in the IZ and thermal signals. Following the numerical simulation, we discuss the effect of single‐phase fluid flow assumption, observations for thermal effect and pore‐pressure–stress coupling, and desirable resolution of pressure gauges for the optimal utilization of above‐zone pressure monitoring.
Evaluation of coal swelling‐controlled CO2 diffusion processes
Authors: Li Wei , Zhu Jin‐tuo , Cheng Yuan‐ping , Lu Shou‐qing
Published: November 2013

CO2 sequestration in deep and unmineable coalbeds is regarded as a viable option for carbon storage. CO2 diffusion is a key parameter determining the effectiveness of sealing CO2 in coal seams. By conducting laboratory tests of coal CO2 desorption and unsteady gas diffusion theory model calculations, the desorption dynamics of Yaojie coal were studied under the condition of constant temperature and varied balance pressures, and the CO2 diffusion coefficient was obtained using the non‐steady diffusion model at different times. The results show that the higher the balance pressure is, the greater the diffusion coefficient is under the same conditions. As the pressure drops, the CO2 diffusion coefficient gradually decreases as time increases, and the mass fraction of desorbed CO2 has a linear relationship with the diffusion coefficient. It was observed that under high pressures, the diffusion coefficient initially increases and then gradually decreases. The non‐steady CO2 diffusion in Yaojie coal is related to CO2‐induced swelling and to the effect of dissolved CO2 on the coal's structures and properties, especially under high‐pressure conditions. The glass transition of coal containing CO2 may be the governing factor leading to the nonlinear diffusion of CO2 in coal.
Sonographic evaluation of hip joint effusion in osteoarthritis with correlation to radiographic findings
Authors: Birn Jeff , Pruente Ryan , Avram Raluca , Eyler William , Mahan Meredith , van Holsbeeck Marnix
Published: November 2013

Purpose

Hip joint effusion is expected in rapidly destructive osteoarthritis, a diagnosis often only made retrospectively at the end stage of the disease. This study assesses whether the presence of an effusion identified during routine ultrasound‐guided hip injection may suggest a more aggressive process such as rapidly destructive osteoarthritis.

Methods

After the observation of 10 index cases of rapidly destructive osteoarthritis in patients who presented with a joint effusion on ultrasound, we retrospectively reviewed 94 hips from 89 patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided hip injection for pain. Preinjection longitudinal ultrasound images of the anterior capsule adjacent to the femoral neck and inferior to the femoral head were reviewed to determine if a joint effusion was present and the size of the effusion if one was there. Comparison of effusion size was then made between those hips that had a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of osteoarthritis and those who had rapidly destructive osteoarthritis by comparing the severity of joint effusion, if one was present.

Results

Patients with rapidly destructive osteoarthritis were more likely to have a large joint effusion 60% (3/5) than were those with osteoarthritis 6.7% (6/89) (p = 0.013).

Conclusions

Large joint effusions identified sonographically correlate well with radiographic findings of rapidly destructive osteoarthritis. Given rapid onset and severity of the disease, when a large joint effusion is identified on routine hip intervention, patients should be forewarned of the potential for this disease process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:205–211, 2014
Congenital fibrosarcoma of the bowel: Sonographic description of a rare case of neonatal intestinal obstruction
Authors: Bruno Costanza , Caliari Giuliana , Zampieri Nicola , Segala Diego , Pozzi‐Mucelli Roberto
Published: November 2013

A case of localization in the bowel of congenital fibrosarcoma (a rare soft‐tissue tumor usually occurring in the extremities) causing intestinal obstruction in a newborn girl is described. A focal thickening of the ileal wall with features mimicking intussusception was identified at sonography; the final diagnosis was achieved by means of molecular analysis after surgical removal of the mass. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:363–366, 2014
Even Factors of Large Size
Authors: Favaron Odile , Kouider Mekkia
Published: November 2013

An even factor of a graph is a spanning subgraph in which each vertex has a positive even degree. We show that if a simple graph admits an even factor, then one of its even factors has at least edges.
1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes, Tetrahydro[b]pyrans, Pyrano[d]pyrimidines, and 4H‐Pyrans in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Nand Bhaskara , Saluja Pooja
Published: November 2013

We have reported 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromenes, tetrahydro[b]pyrans, pyrano[d]pyrimidines and 4H‐pyrans from aldehydes, active methylene compounds malononitrile/ethyl cyanocacetate and activated C–H acids such as dimedone, 1,3‐cyclohexanedione, 1,3‐cyclopentanedione, 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid, and ethyl acetoacetate in water under reflux. The attractive features of this process are mild reaction conditions, reusability of the reaction media, short reaction times, easy isolation of products, and excellent yields. Copyright © 2013 HeteroCorporation
Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized patients: A descriptive study
Authors: Schleyer Anneliese M. , Jarman Kenneth M. , Calver Patty , Cuschieri Joseph , Robinson Ellen , Goss J. Richard
Published: November 2013

Increasingly, there is a focus on the prevention of hospital‐acquired conditions including venous thromboembolism. Many studies have evaluated pulmonary embolism and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, but less is known about upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) in hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to describe UEDVT incidence, associated risks, outcomes, and management in our institution. Using an information technology tool, we reviewed records of all symptomatic adult inpatients diagnosed with UEDVT at an academic tertiary center between September 2011 and November 2012. Fifty inpatients were diagnosed with 76 UEDVTs. Their mean age was 49 years; 70% were men. Sixteen percent had a history of venous thromboembolism; 20% had a history of malignancy. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 24.6 days (range, 2–91 days); 50% were transferred from outside hospitals. Thirty‐eight percent of UEDVTs were in internal jugular veins, 21% in axillary veins, and 25% in brachial veins. Forty‐four percent of patients had UEDVT associated with central venous catheters (CVCs). During hospitalization, 78% were fully anticoagulated; 75% of survivors at discharge. Only 38% were discharged to self‐care; 10% died during hospitalization. Patients with UEDVT were more likely to have CVCs, malignancy, and severe infection. Many patients were transferred critically ill with prolonged LOS and high in‐hospital mortality. Most UEDVTs were treated even in the absence of concurrent lower extremity deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Additional research is needed to modify risks and optimize outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:48–53. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Revisits and postoperative hemorrhage after adult tonsillectomy
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Kepnes Lynn J.
Published: November 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Determine revisits and reasons for revisits after adult tonsillectomy.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis of multistate ambulatory surgery and hospital databases.

Methods

Ambulatory adult tonsillectomies performed as the sole procedure were extracted from the State Ambulatory Surgery databases for New York, Florida, Iowa, and California for 2010. Cases were linked to the State Emergency Department databases and the State Inpatient databases for visit encounters occurring 0 to 14 days after tonsillectomy. The number of revisits (including readmissions) was determined as well as the reason for revisit categorized as post‐tonsillectomy bleeding, acute pain, or fever/dehydration. The overall rate of occurrence of and intervention rate for post‐tonsillectomy bleeding was determined.

Results

A total of 7,748 adult tonsillectomies were examined (mean age, 29.2 years; 64.4% female). Overall, 11.6% of patients had a revisit after tonsillectomy (9.6% revisited the ambulatory surgery center, 78.8% the emergency department, and 11.6% to inpatient admission). The primary diagnoses at the first revisit were bleeding (41.3%), acute pain (22.1%), and fever/dehydration (13.2%). Overall, 2.1% of patients incurred a second revisit after adult tonsillectomy (10.7% of these to inpatient admission). Among all tonsillectomies, 4.8% of adult tonsillectomies presented with a bleeding diagnosis at a first revisit. Overall, 2.2% underwent a procedure to control bleeding at a first revisit.

Conclusions

The current data quantify at a multistate level revisits, revisit diagnoses, and procedural rates for post‐tonsillectomy bleeding in the adult population. Interventions to offset revisits for acute pain and fever/dehydration should be explored to decrease adult tonsillectomy morbidity.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 124:1554–1556, 2014
Effect of Polymer Porosity on Aqueous Self‐Healing Encapsulation of Proteins in PLGA Microspheres
Authors: Reinhold Samuel E. , Schwendeman Steven P.
Published: November 2013

Self‐healing (SH) poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres are a unique class of functional biomaterials capable of microencapsulating process‐sensitive proteins by simple mixing and heating the drug‐free polymer in aqueous protein solution. Drug‐free SH microspheres of PLGA 50/50 with percolating pore networks of varying porosity (ϵ = 0.49–73) encapsulate increasing lysozyme (≈1 to 10% w/w) with increasing ϵ, with typically ≈20 to 25% pores estimated accessible to entry by the enzyme from the external solution. Release kinetics of lysozyme under physiological conditions is continuous over more than two weeks and most strongly influenced by ϵ and protein loading before reaching a lag phase until 28 d at the study completion. Recovered enzyme after release is typically predominantly monomeric and active. Formulations containing acid‐neutralizing MgCO3 at ≥4.3% exhibit >97% monomeric and active protein after the release with full mass balance recovery. Hence, control of SH polymer ϵ is a key parameter to development of this new class of biomaterials.
Nanopressing: Toward Tailored Polymer Microstructures and Nanostructures
Authors: Kao Yi‐Huei , Chi Mu‐Huan , Tsai Chia‐Chan , Chen Jiun‐Tai
Published: November 2013

A simple and versatile method is developed for preparing anisotropic polymer particles by pressing polymer microspheres at elevated temperatures. Polystyrene (PS) microspheres are used to demonstrate this approach. Depending on the mechanical deformation and wetting of the polymers on the substrates, polymer structures with special shapes such as barrel‐like or dumbbell‐like shapes can be prepared. The morphology of polymer structures can be controlled by the experimental parameters such as the pressing pressure, the pressing temperature, and the pressing time. The wetting of the polymers on the substrates dominates when the samples are annealing at higher temperatures for longer times.

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Antidromic sensory nerve conduction study of the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve: A novel method to detect early diabetic sensory axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Squintani Giovanna , Zoppini Giacomo , Donato Francesco , Pineschi Elena , Donini Diana , Stoico Vincenzo , Moretto Giuseppe , Bonora Enzo , Morini Alberto
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Distal sensory neuropathy is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy. We developed a novel antidromic technique for assessment of distal nerve function for early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. Methods: Diabetic and control groups underwent standard and more distal sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS); sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the proper digital branches of the medial plantar nerve were recorded with our method after stimulation at the sole and recording from digits I and II. Results: Comparison between controls and diabetics showed a statistically significant difference in mean SNAP amplitudes for all nerves tested. A higher percentage of abnormal SNAPs was obtained with our technique than with either conventional or more distal NCS in all patients. Conclusions: As compared with clinical evaluation and other NCS, our antidromic stimulation was the most sensitive method to detect abnormal sensory nerve conduction in symptomatic and asymptomatic diabetic patients. Muscle Nerve 50:193–199, 2014
Energetic BEM–FEM coupling for wave propagation in 3D multidomains
Authors: Aimi A. , Diligenti M. , Frangi A. , Guardasoni C.
Published: November 2013

Starting from a recently developed energetic space–time weak formulation of boundary integral equations for wave propagation problems, a coupling algorithm is presented, which allows a flexible use of FEMs and BEMs as local discretization techniques. Emphasis is given to theoretical and experimental analysis of the stability of the proposed method. Several numerical results on model problems are presented and discussed, showing that both bounded and unbounded three‐dimensional domains can be efficiently addressed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The benefits, satisfaction, and perceived value of small business membership in a chamber of commerce
Authors: Noel Noel Mark , Luckett Michael
Published: November 2013

Nonprofit chambers of commerce have a long history in western culture but little if any empirical research has been conducted to explore why a small business would join one. This study focuses on members' evaluation of chamber assistance programs and benefits and how they mediate the impact of satisfaction and the perceived customer value of paid membership for chamber services. A mail census survey of all 2019 members, in a large category‐four chamber of commerce, provided valid and reliable representation of existing membership demographics. Factor analysis identified four main benefits, whereas a LISREL model was applied to identify the mediating impact of relational benefits on satisfaction and perceived value. All four dominant benefits significantly correlated with both membership satisfaction and perceived value as did the correlation between satisfaction and perceived value. However, perceived value was found to have higher correlations with relational benefits than that of satisfaction. This study is important as it provides managers with a framework to identify and balance the benefits desired by the membership and adjust the level of expected satisfaction with perceived value in a nonprofit service‐oriented assistance organization.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acquired aplastic anemia (AAA): An initial survey of the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium (NAPAAC)
Authors: Williams David A. , Bennett Carolyn , Bertuch Alison , Bessler Monica , Coates Thomas , Corey Seth , Dror Yigal , Huang James , Lipton Jeffrey , Olson Timothy S. , Reiss Ulrike M. , Rogers Zora R. , Sieff Colin , Vlachos Adrianna , Walkovich Kelly , Wang Winfred , Shimamura Akiko
Published: November 2013

Background

Randomized clinical trials in pediatric aplastic anemia (AA) are rare and data to guide standards of care are scarce.

Procedure

Eighteen pediatric institutions formed the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium to foster collaborative studies in AA. The initial goal of NAPAAC was to survey the diagnostic studies and therapies utilized in AA.

Results

Our survey indicates considerable variability among institutions in the diagnosis and treatment of AA. There were areas of general consensus, including the need for a bone marrow evaluation, cytogenetic and specific fluorescent in situ hybridization assays to establish diagnosis and exclude genetic etiologies with many institutions requiring results prior to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (IST); uniform referral for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as first line therapy if an HLA‐identical sibling is identified; the use of first‐line IST containing horse anti‐thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A (CSA) if an HLA‐identical sibling donor is not identified; supportive care measures; and slow taper of CSA after response. Areas of controversy included the need for telomere length results prior to IST, the time after IST initiation defining a treatment failure; use of hematopoietic growth factors; the preferred rescue therapy after failure of IST; the use of specific hemoglobin and platelet levels as triggers for transfusion support; the use of prophylactic antibiotics; and follow‐up monitoring after completion of treatment.

Conclusions

These initial survey results reflect heterogeneity in diagnosis and care amongst pediatric centers and emphasize the need to develop evidence‐based diagnosis and treatment approaches in this rare disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:869–874. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EVALUATION OF THE CLASS PASS INTERVENTION FOR TYPICALLY DEVELOPING STUDENTS WITH HYPOTHESIZED ESCAPE‐MOTIVATED DISRUPTIVE CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR
Authors: Cook Clayton R. , Collins Tai , Dart Evan , Vance Michael J. , McIntosh Kent , Grady Erin A. , DeCano Policarpio
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Class Pass Intervention (CPI) as a secondary intervention for typically developing students with escape‐motivated disruptive classroom behavior. The CPI consists of providing students with passes that they can use to appropriately request a break from an academic task to engage in a preferred activity for preset amount of time. In addition, students are incentivized to not use the class passes by continuing to engage in the academic task and instead exchanging them for a preferred item or activity. Using an experimental single‐case withdrawal design with replication through a concurrent multiple‐baseline across‐participants design, the CPI was shown to reduce disruptive behavior and increase academic engagement in three students who engaged in hypothesized escape‐motivated behavior. Results also revealed that the effects of the CPI were maintained at a two‐week follow‐up probe and consumers found it to be acceptable. The limitations and implications of the findings for future research on effective classroom‐based interventions are discussed.
Vinyl‐triazolium monomers: Versatile and new class of radically polymerizable ionic monomers
Authors: Adzima Brian J. , Taylor Steve C. , He Hongkun , Luebke David R. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Nulwala Hunaid B.
Published: November 2013

A set of eight functional 4‐vinyl‐1,2,3‐triazolium monomers were synthesized using copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne 2 + 3 Hüisgen cycloaddition. These vinyl‐trizolium monomers readily polymerized via free radical polymerization. The physical properties of the vinyl‐triazolium based poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are strongly dependent on the pendant functional groups. These polymers were characterized for glass transition temperature (Tg), solubility, and the thermal decomposition. The vinyl‐triazolium based PILs offer an efficient route to highly functional PILs with the advantage of facile synthesis and the ability to incorporate many desirable functional moieties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 417–423
Systematic Control of Size and Morphology in the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Abdulkin Pavel , Precht Thea L. , Knappett Benjamin R. , Skelton Helen E. , Jefferson David A. , Wheatley Andrew E. H.
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) capped by poly(1‐vinylpyrrolidin‐2‐one (PVP, average  = 10 000 kDa) yields moderately dispersed (6–8.5 nm) product with limited morphological control while larger NPs (15–20 nm) are reliably prepared using trisodium citrate (Na3Cit) as a reductant/capping agent. Excellent size control in the intermediate 10 nm regime is achieved by hybridizing these methodologies, with highly monodisperse, polycrystalline Au NPs forming. For a Na3Cit:PVP:Au ratio of 3.5:3.5:1, anisotropic NPs with an aspect ratio of 1.8:1 suggest the systematic agglomeration of NP pairs. Enhanced control of NP morphology is allowed by the 1,2‐tetradecanediol reduction of AuIII in the presence of straight chain, molecular anti‐agglomerants. Last, ligand substitution is used to controllably grow preformed Au seeds. In spite of the extended growth phase used, the replacement of phosphine by 1‐pentadecylamine affords highly monodisperse, cuboidal NPs containing a single clearly visible twinning plane. The allowance of particle growth parallel to this close‐packed plane explains the remarkable particle morphology.