bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic Profile, Presenting Complaints and Clinical Findings of Dengue Fever Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Md. Ashraf Uddin , Yasmin Farzana , Morshed A. S. M. , Chakraborty Dwijraz , Yasmin Fatema , Mustari Rabeya , Ahmed Ejaj Uddin , Hannan Sabit Bin , Das Anupom Kumar , Ullah Md. Sayed , Reza Md. Masud
Published: January 2023

Background & Objective: Dengue is an important tropical infection caused by an arbovirus having four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4) transmitted through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquito. Dengue is a challenging disease with multisystemic, varied, atypical, and sometimes life-threatening presentations. It presents as varied clinical spectrum of dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) with atypical presentations, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. Each year, thousands of dengue infections are reported and there are several outbreaks of dengue in several countries including Bangladesh and this imply the global importance of this infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the sociodemographic variables, presenting complaints and clinical findings of patient suffering from dengue fever during an epidemic outbreak.

Methods: This hospital review analyzed the hospital records of dengue fever cases of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from June 2019 to December2019. Patients with suspected dengue fever attending at the outdoor/emergency or admitted indoor were taken as case. Data was collected from hospital records. Study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board and informed consent was taken from the subjects. All the relevant data regarding history and examination findings of the patients, the laboratory reports were collected. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22, a computer-based software was used for all data entry and statistical analysis.

Results: Total 292 dengue patients were enrolled in this study. Mean age of all patient was 35.63±15.22 years (11-85 year) with male predominance (54.8%). Maximum patients were hailed from urban residence (83.9%), non-smoker (73.6%), had active lifestyle (63.4%) and normal body mass index (68.5%). Overall, 65.1% patients had no comorbidity and 89.4% had no concurrent acute illness.Majority of the patients had high grade fever (76%) for 2-5 days (71%). Bodyache (63.7%), headache (42.1%), vomiting (41.1%), loose motion (16.8%) and abdominal pain (14.7%) were the top five chief complaints along with fever. Most of the patients had normal systolic (86.3%) and diastolic (92.5%) blood pressure.

Conclusion: Although the results of this study cannot be generalized to other cities of Bangladesh, our findings will allow public health agencies in Bangladesh to concentrate their efforts to battle dengue and also suggests that monitoring where Aedes are found will help identify populations at risk". Our study will guide doctors of all level to early diagnose dengue patient and will help them to detect the severe cases early. So that early intervention can decrease the morbidity and mortality.
The Effects of Currency Devaluation on the Bilateral Trade Balance of Sudan: Cointegration and Error-Correction Modeling
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Abdu Allah , Bashir Mohamed Sharif
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the effects of exchange rate, income and money supply on the trade balance of Sudan over a fifty-year period from 1970 to 2020. The empirical model for this investigation is developed using a cointegration approach and error-correction technique to specifically examine the effects of currency devaluation on the trade balance of Sudan with its major partners. The bounds test shows that the variables of interest are bound together in the long-run. The associated equilibrium correction is significant, thus confirming the existence of a long-run relationship. Moreover, to analyze the dynamic interactions of the variables included in the estimated model, variance decomposition is employed. The study results from the variance decomposition show that innovations in foreign income contribute highly to the forecast error variance of the trade balance compared with other explanatory variables in the short-run. In contrast, the domestic money supply contributes highly to the trade balance compared with other variables in the long-run. A key finding of the study suggests that the devaluation of Sudan’s currency is not an appropriate step toward improving the country's trade balance position.
A New Approach to Cancer Bundled Payments in Medicare—The Enhancing Oncology Model
Authors: Kocher Robert P. , Adashi Eli Y.
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint describes the new voluntary Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Enhancing Oncology Model for cancer bundled payments, explores its likelihood of success, and discusses potential shortcomings.
Cost of Inpatient Falls and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Implementation of an Evidence-Based Fall Prevention Program
Authors: Dykes Patricia C. , Curtin-Bowen Mica , Lipsitz Stuart , Franz Calvin , Adelman Jason , Adkison Lesley , Bogaisky Michael , Carroll Diane , Carter Eileen , Herlihy Lisa , Lindros Mary Ellen , Ryan Virginia , Scanlan Maureen , Walsh Mary-Ann , Wien Matthew , Bates David W.
Published: January 2023

Importance

There is insufficient research on the costs of patient falls in health care systems, a leading source of nonreimbursable adverse events.

Objective

To report the costs of inpatient falls and the cost savings associated with implementation of an evidence-based fall prevention program.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this economic evaluation, a matched case-control study used the findings from an interrupted time series analysis that assessed changes in fall rates following implementation of an evidence-based fall prevention program to understand the cost of inpatient falls. An economic analysis was then performed to assess the cost benefits associated with program implementation across 2 US health care systems from June 1, 2013, to August 31, 2019, in New York, New York, and Boston, Massachusetts. All adults hospitalized in participating units were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed from October 2021 to November 2022.

Interventions

Evidence-based fall prevention program implemented in 33 medical and surgical units in 8 hospitals.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was cost of inpatient falls. Secondary outcome was the costs and cost savings associated with the evidence-based fall prevention program.

Results

A total of 10 176 patients who had a fall event (injurious or noninjurious) with 29 161 matched controls (no fall event) were included in the case-control study and the economic analysis (51.9% were 65-74 years of age, 67.1% were White, and 53.6% were male). Before the intervention, there were 2503 falls and 900 injuries; after the intervention, there were 2078 falls and 758 injuries. Based on a 19% reduction in falls and 20% reduction in injurious falls from the beginning to the end of the postintervention period, the economic analysis demonstrated that noninjurious and injurious falls were associated with cost increases of $35 365 and $36 776, respectively. The implementation of the evidence-based fall prevention program was associated with $14 600 in net avoided costs per 1000 patient-days.

Conclusions and Relevance

This economic evaluation found that fall-related adverse events represented a clinical and financial burden to health care systems and that the current Medicare policy limits reimbursement. In this study, costs of falls only differed marginally by injury level. Policies that incentivize organizations to implement evidence-based strategies that reduce the incidence of all falls may be effective in reducing both harm and costs.
Xylazine, naloxone, and e‐cigarettes in recent FDA alerts
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

This month the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) highlighted three topics needing urgent attention in the substance use disorder field: Xylazine contamination, over‐the‐counter naloxone availability, and marketing of e‐cigarettes.
Latest MAT initiative in California will expand hub‐and‐spoke concept
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2023

California's latest effort to increase access to medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) to combat opioid use disorder will develop and implement a “hub and spoke” system designed to increase the number of prescribers of buprenorphine across the state.
NIDA misquotes its own study in initial press release
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

Last week, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) issued a press release accompanying its study, co‐sponsored with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which showed that flexibilities in buprenorphine prescribing did not lead to more fatal overdoses involving buprenorphine (see story, page 4).
DNA Methylation Dynamics During Esophageal Epithelial Regeneration Following Repair with Acellular Silk Fibroin Grafts in Rat
Authors: Urban Lauren A. , Li Jiachun , Gundogdu Gokhan , Trinh Annie , Shao Hanjuan , Nguyen Travis , Mauney Joshua R. , Downing Timothy L.
Published: January 2023

Esophageal pathologies such as atresia and benign strictures often require surgical reconstruction with autologous tissues to restore organ continuity. Complications such as donor site morbidity and limited tissue availability have spurred the development of acellular grafts for esophageal tissue replacement. Acellular biomaterials for esophageal repair rely on the activation of intrinsic regenerative mechanisms to mediate de novo tissue formation at implantation sites. Previous research has identified signaling cascades involved in neoepithelial formation in a rat model of onlay esophagoplasty with acellular silk fibroin grafts, including phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. However, it is currently unknown how these mechanisms are governed by DNA methylation (DNAme) during esophageal wound healing processes. Reduced‐representation bisulfite sequencing is performed to characterize temporal DNAme dynamics in host and regenerated tissues up to 1 week postimplantation. Overall, global hypermethylation is observed at postreconstruction timepoints and an inverse correlation between promoter DNAme and the expression levels of differentially expressed proteins during regeneration. Site‐specific hypomethylation targets genes associated with immune activation, while hypermethylation occurs within gene bodies encoding PI3K‐Akt signaling components during the tissue remodeling period. The data provide insight into the epigenetic mechanisms during esophageal regeneration following surgical repair with acellular grafts.
The Actin Crosslinker Fascin Regulates Cell Chirality
Authors: Zhang Haokang , Fan Jie , Maclin Joshua M.A. , Wan Leo Q.
Published: January 2023

The left–right (L‐R) asymmetry of the cells, or cell chirality, is a well‐known intrinsic property derived from the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Cell chirality can be regulated by actin‐binding proteins such as α‐actinin‐1 and can also be mediated by certain signaling pathways, such as protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Fascin, an actin crosslinker known to mediate parallel bundling of actin filaments, appears as a prominent candidate in cell chirality regulation, given its role in facilitating cell migration as an important PKC substrate. Here, it is shown that the chirality of NIH/3T3 cells can be altered by PKC activation and fascin manipulation. With either small‐molecule drug inhibition or genetic knockdown of fascin, the chirality of 3T3 cells is reversed from a clockwise (CW) bias to a counterclockwise (CCW) bias on ring‐shaped micropatterns, accompanied by the reversal in cell directional migration. The Ser‐39 fascin‐actin binding sites are further explored in cell chirality regulation. The findings of this study reveal the critical role of fascin as an important intermediator in cell chirality, shedding novel insights into the mechanisms of L‐R asymmetric cell migration and multicellular morphogenesis.
A 3D Ex Vivo Tumor‐Immune Coculture System Mimicking In Vivo Tumor Environmental Stress on CD8+ T Cells Exhaustion
Authors: Meng Zhouwenli , Niu Xiaomin , Xia Liliang , Chen Yingying , Wang Zhen , Wang Hui , Ji Ping , Cui Wenguo , Wang Ying , Lu Shun
Published: January 2023

Dissection of exhaustion trajectories of immune cells under tumor selection pressure in the tumor microenvironment (TME) elucidates the underlying machinery in anti‐tumor immunity, which still lacks easy‐to‐use models to decipher. Herein, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)–poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) based 3D hydrogel microspheroids are constructed with non‐immunogenicity and controllable macroporous structure to establish a tumor‐immune cell coculture (3D‐HyGTIC) system. In 3D‐HyGTIC system, when immune cells embarked, stepwise up‐regulation of main immune checkpoints (ICs) molecules is observed with compromised cytokine production in CD8+ T cells, the trajectory of which is in lineage correlation with in vivo grafted tumors. Reinvigoration of CD8+ T cells is more obvious with the addition of an anti‐PD‐1 regimen at the early time point, which is recapitulated during the coculture of patient‐derived tumor fragments (PDTF) and autologous T cells. Moreover, the upregulation of LAG‐3 on CD8+ T cells after anti‐PD‐1 treatment is uncovered. Sequential addition of anti‐LAG‐3 successfully rescues the otherwise failed reactivation of CD8+ T cells. Therefore, the 3D‐HyGTIC system is not only inclined to mimic the early differentiation trajectories of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells but also may facilitate an evaluation of the efficacy of IC blockades and guide the designing of combination immunotherapy.
Mediation of Interface Dipoles on SiOx/Si Nanowire Based Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Photodetectors with Enhanced Wavelength‐Selective Sensing Performances
Authors: Li Jheng‐Yi , Wei Ta‐Cheng , Hsiao Po‐Hsuan , Wu Tsung‐Yen , Chen Chia‐Yun
Published: January 2023

The promising hybrid photodetector design is realized through the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS layer with SiOx/Si nanowires (SiNWs), which went beyond the intrinsic limitation of band‐gap associated photosensing characteristics of conventional Si semiconductors toward revolutionarily turning into wavelength‐selective features. These can be interpreted by two determining effects. First, the effective trapping of incident lights with wavelength of 590 nm is evidenced on SiOx/SiNWs. Besides, the creation of interfacial potentials, arising from the positively charged PEDOT:PSS and negatively charged SiOx, manifested the reduction of electron density at PEDOT:PSS surfaces and in turn raised the work function. These features explicitly modulated the carrier‐transport characteristics at hybrid heterojunctions, which accounted for the suppression of photocurrents under light excitations with wavelengths of either 365 nm or 850 nm. The established photodetectors with optimal oxidation treatment resulted in the substantial improvement of both device responsivity and detectivity above 11 times beyond the PEDOT:PSS/SiNWs designs, which shed new light on practical applications of hybrid photodetectors.
Metasurface‐Based Fiber‐to‐Chip Multiplexing Coupler
Authors: Chen Rui , Chang Yu‐ke , Zhuang Ze‐peng , Liu Yan , Chen Wen‐jie , Dong Jian‐wen
Published: January 2023

Here, a metasurface‐based fiber‐to‐chip multiplexing coupler is presented that can realize flexible mode conversion and multiplexing coupling between few‐mode fibers and on‐chip single‐mode waveguides. The proposed approach makes use of the symmetrical characteristics of fiber eigenmodes and high freedom of light phase manipulation to obtain the functional phase distribution of metasurfaces. The use of cylindrical nanopillar as metasurface nanostructures ensures its polarization independent optical response. Several fiber‐to‐chip multiplexing couplers are demonstrated by using the angular spectrum methods and the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations. It is found that the two or three modes can be flexibly demultiplexed and then be coupled into the corresponding on‐chip waveguides with low crosstalk. Further, two possible fabrication schemes for multiplexing couplers are proposed and then the related fabrication tolerances and misalignment effects are evaluated and discussed. Compared with traditional on‐chip couplers, metasurface‐based couplers have advantages of ultracompact footprint and low crosstalk. Such study explores the application of metasurfaces in multiplexing coupling between few‐mode fiber and on‐chip single‐mode waveguides, which is expected to break through the bottleneck of current mode‐division multiplexing technologies in optical interconnection and meet the ever‐increasing demand for large data throughput of the photonic integrated chips.
A Bidirectional Single‐Cell Migration and Retrieval Chip for Quantitative Study of Dendritic Cell Migration
Authors: Shao Ning , Zhou Yufu , Yao Jun , Zhang Pengchao , Song Yanni , Zhang Kai , Han Xin , Wang Bin , Liu Xuewu
Published: January 2023

Dendritic cell (DC) migration is a fundamental step during execution of its adaptive immunity functions. Studying DC migration characteristics is critical for development of DC‐dependent allergy treatments, vaccines, and cancer immunotherapies. Here, a microfluidics‐based single‐cell migration platform is described that enables high‐throughput and precise bidirectional cell migration assays. It also allows selective retrieval of cell subpopulations that have different migratory potentials. Using this microfluidic platform, DC migration is investigated in response to different chemoattractants and inhibitors, quantitatively describe DC migration patterns and retrieve DC subpopulations of different migratory potentials for differential gene expression analysis. This platform opens an avenue for precise characterization of cell migration and potential discovery of therapeutic modulators.
Effect of Molecular Weight on the Morphology of a Polymer Semiconductor–Thermoplastic Elastomer Blend
Authors: Peña‐Alcántara Amnahir , Nikzad Shayla , Michalek Lukas , Prine Nathaniel , Wang Yunfei , Gong Huaxin , Ponte Elisa , Schneider Sebastian , Wu Yilei , Root Samuel E. , He Mingqian , Tok Jeffrey B.‐H. , Gu Xiaodan , Bao Zhenan
Published: January 2023

Polymer semiconductors (PSCs) are essential active materials in mechanically stretchable electronic devices. However, many exhibit low fracture strain due to their rigid chain conformation and the presence of large crystalline domains. Here, a PSC/elastomer blend, poly[((2,6‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐3,7‐bis(9‐octylnonadecyl)thieno[3,2‐b]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophene)‐5,5′‐diyl)(2,5‐bis(8‐octyloctadecyl)‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione)‐5,5′‐diyl]] (P2TDPP2TFT4) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) are systematically investigated. Specifically, the effects of molecular weight of both SEBS and P2TDPP2TFT4 on the resulting blend morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties are explored. In addition to commonly used techniques, atomic force microscopy‐based nanomechanical images are used to provide additional insights into the blend film morphology. Opposing trends in SEBS‐induced aggregation are observed for the different P2TDPP2TFT4 molecular weights upon increasing the SEBS molecular weight from 87 to 276 kDa. Furthermore, these trends are seen in device performance trends for both molecular weights of P2TDPP2TFT4. SEBS molecular weight also has a substantial influence on the mesoscale phase separation. Strain at fracture increases dramatically upon blending, reaching a maximum value of 640% ± 20% in the blended films measured with film‐on‐water method. These results highlight the importance of molecular weight for electronic devices. In addition, this study provides valuable insights into appropriate polymer selections for stretchable semiconducting thin films that simultaneously possess excellent mechanical and electrical properties.
Combining Deep Learning and Compressed Sensing Methods for the 3D Characterization of Ultra‐Thin Epitaxial Layers Grown on Controlled‐Shape Nano‐Oxides
Authors: Grzonka Justyna , Marqueses-Rodríguez José , Fernández-García Susana , Chen Xiaowei , Calvino José J. , López-Haro Miguel
Published: January 2023

Using a nanostructured platform (a controlled‐shape nano‐oxide) and conventional wet impregnation techniques, powder‐type materials have been prepared in which atomically thin surface layers are deposited under very mild conditions. More importantly, an advanced methodology, combining energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy‐scanning transmission electron tomography (STEM‐EDX ET) and deep learning denoising techniques, has been developed for the 3D compositional characterization of these unique nanosystems. The complex case of LaOx‐coated CeO2 nanocubes is illustrated. For these, aberration corrected 2D STEM‐EDX evidence that ceria nanocubes become covered with a 2–4 atom‐thick layer of a La, Ce‐mixed oxide with spatially varying composition. However, STEM‐EDX ET reveals that this layer distributes unevenly, patching most of the available nanocube surface. The large flexibility and spread availability of the involved synthetic techniques enables, using the tools here developed, a wide exploration of the wealth of questions and applications of these intriguing, atomically thin, surface oxide phases.
A Fast Geometric Regularizer to Mitigate Event Collapse in the Contrast Maximization Framework
Authors: Shiba Shintaro , Aoki Yoshimitsu , Gallego Guillermo
Published: January 2023

Event cameras are emerging vision sensors and their advantages are suitable for various applications such as autonomous robots. Contrast maximization (CMax), which provides state‐of‐the‐art accuracy on motion estimation using events, may suffer from an overfitting problem called event collapse. Prior works are computationally expensive or cannot alleviate the overfitting, which undermines the benefits of the CMax framework. A novel, computationally efficient regularizer based on geometric principles to mitigate event collapse is proposed. The experiments show that the proposed regularizer achieves state‐of‐the‐art accuracy results, while its reduced computational complexity makes it two to four times faster than previous approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this regularizer is the only effective solution for event collapse without trading off the runtime. It is hoped that this work opens the door for future applications that unlocks the advantages of event cameras. Project page: https://github.com/tub‐rip/event_collapse
Relationship of perceived neighborhood danger with depression and PTSD among veterans: The moderating role of social support and neighborhood cohesion
Authors: Galovski Tara E. , Rossi Fernanda S. , Fox Annie B. , Vogt Dawne , Duke Christopher C. , Nillni Yael I.
Published: January 2023

Little is known about the impact of perceived neighborhood danger on military veterans' mental health, a population potentially at higher risk for this experience, or whether interpersonal social support and neighborhood cohesion can help buffer against poor mental health. This study examined: (1) the impact of perceived neighborhood danger on depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans; (2) whether interpersonal social support and neighborhood cohesion can mitigate these effects; and (3) how prior trauma history may interact with these factors. Six moderation models were examined using data from 3049 veterans enrolled in the Longitudinal Investigation of Gender, Health, and Trauma study, a mail‐based survey that oversampled for veterans in high crime neighborhoods. Most notably, results indicated that perceived neighborhood danger was associated with increased depression and PTSD (all p < .001). Interpersonal social support or neighborhood cohesion mitigated the effect of perceived neighborhood danger on veterans' depression, but, only for those without prior trauma (all p < .011). For trauma‐exposed veterans, interpersonal social support was more effective in mitigating the effect of perceived neighborhood danger on depression than neighborhood cohesion (p = .006). Findings help inform interventions to improve the mental health of veterans living in high crime neighborhoods.
Venous thromboembolism after COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with thrombophilia
Authors: Houghton Damon E. , Wysokinski Waldemar E. , Padrnos Leslie J. , Shah Surbhi , Wysokinska Ewa , Pruthi Rajiv , Ghorbanzadeh Atefeh , Ashrani Aneel , Sridharan Meera , McBane Robert D. , Padmanabhan Anand , Casanegra Ana I.
Published: January 2023

Patients with thrombophilia remain concerned about venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk with COVID‐19 vaccinations. The aim of this study was to examine VTE outcomes in patients with inherited or acquired thrombophilia who were vaccinated for COVID‐19. Vaccinated patients ≥18 years between November 1, 2020 and November 1, 2021 were analyzed using electronic medical records across the Mayo Clinic enterprise. The primary outcome was imaging confirmed acute VTE occurring 90 days before and after the date of the first vaccine dose. Thrombophilia patients were identified through laboratory testing results and ICD‐10 codes. A total of 792 010 patients with at least one COVID‐19 vaccination were identified. Six thousand sixty‐seven of these patients were found to have a thrombophilia, among whom there was a total of 39 VTE events after compared to 51 VTE events before vaccination (0.64% vs. 0.84%, p = .20). In patients with Factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene mutation, VTE occurred in 27 patients before and in 29 patients after vaccination (0.61 vs. 0.65%, p = .79). In patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, VTE occurred in six patients before and four patients after vaccination (0.59% vs. 0.39%, p = .40). No difference was observed in the overall VTE rate when comparing the postvaccination 90 days to the prevaccination 90 days, adjusted hazard ratio 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.53–1.23). In this subgroup of COVID‐19 vaccinated patients with thrombophilia, there was no increased risk for acute VTE postvaccination compared to the prevaccination timeframe. These results are consistent with prior studies and should offer additional reassurance to patients with inherited or acquired thrombophilia.
An image‐based technique for automated root disease severity assessment using PlantCV
Authors: Pierz Logan D. , Heslinga Dilyn R. , Buell C. Robin , Haus Miranda J.
Published: January 2023

Premise

Plant disease severity assessments are used to quantify plant–pathogen interactions and identify disease‐resistant lines. One common method for disease assessment involves scoring tissue manually using a semi‐quantitative scale. Automating assessments would provide fast, unbiased, and quantitative measurements of root disease severity, allowing for improved consistency within and across large data sets. However, using traditional Root System Markup Language (RSML) software in the study of root responses to pathogens presents additional challenges; these include the removal of necrotic tissue during the thresholding process, which results in inaccurate image analysis.

Methods

Using PlantCV, we developed a Python‐based pipeline, herein called RootDS, with two main objectives: (1) improving disease severity phenotyping and (2) generating binary images as inputs for RSML software. We tested the pipeline in common bean inoculated with Fusarium root rot.

Results

Quantitative disease scores and root area generated by this pipeline had a strong correlation with manually curated values (R2 = 0.92 and 0.90, respectively) and provided a broader capture of variation than manual disease scores. Compared to traditional manual thresholding, images generated using our pipeline did not affect RSML output.

Discussion

Overall, the RootDS pipeline provides greater functionality in disease score data sets and provides an alternative method for generating image sets for use in available RSML software.
Mesomeric Betaines Based on Adamantylated 1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐ones: Synthesis, Structure and Conversion into Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Sheina Ekaterina S. , Shestakova Tatyana S. , Deev Sergey L. , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Eltsov Oleg S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Shevyrin Vadim A. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: January 2023

The C−N coupling of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ones with 1‐adamantanol/1‐bromoadamantane leads to 1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidinium‐5‐olates, which are represented as mesomeric betaines (MBs). The formation of MBs involves not only N‐alkylation of heterocyclic framework but also the rearrangement leading to a change in the type of fusion between pyrimidine and 1,2,4‐triazole fragments. The structures of the obtained products were confirmed by the X‐ray analysis and measurements of 13C−13C (JCC) coupling constants in the 1D 13C NMR spectra of selectively 13C‐labeled samples. Treatment of the betaines with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS) gave anionic carbenes, which were detected by 13C NMR spectroscopy and were trapped by reactions with phenyl isothiocyanate and sulfur. Density functional theory (DFT) and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses allowed for an insight into the electronic structure of the obtained betaines and N‐heterocyclic carbene derivatives.
Practical active traction control for independent‐wheel‐drive electric vehicle based on slip‐ratio threshold determination
Authors: Wang Junnian , Gao Shoulin , Lv Siwen , Sun Jie , Sun Wen , Yang Zhihua
Published: January 2023

The traditional traction control system (TCS) based on hydraulic braking only works when the wheels are slipping, which will cause the problem of slow response to extreme slip. In addition, the TCS of four‐wheel‐independent‐drive electric vehicle (4WIDEV) is often based on road adhesion characteristics identification or optimal slip ratio identification to implement active control, which is difficult to achieve in engineering. Aiming at this problem, a practical active TCS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the wheel slip state of the front and rear axles, the dynamic transfer of torque between axles is realized to maintain the vehicle propulsion power. Second, the adhesion conditions between road and tire are classified, and two sets of target slip ratio thresholds are formulated for high and low adhesion pavement, respectively. Then the current road adhesion coefficient is estimated by using the advantage that the in‐wheel motor torque can be obtained in real‐time. Thirdly, the overall framework of the control strategy is established, the logic threshold control algorithm is adopted for tracking the wheel target slip ratio. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed active TCS can improve the vehicle power and avoid excessive wheel slipping.
Using self‐report surveys in schools to study violence in alternative care: A methodological approach
Authors: Ellonen Noora , Pösö Tarja , Mielityinen Laura , Paavilainen Eija
Published: January 2023

In this article we explore a Finnish nationally representative self‐report survey (N = 155, 299) conducted in a school as a tool to advance the study of violence in alternative care. By analysing the survey, we were able to provide plausible prevalence and estimates of risk factors of violence in alternative care, suggesting that self‐report surveys conducted in schools are a useful and valid methodology for this type of research. Conducting the survey in a school setting enabled us to reach a nationally representative population of adolescents living in alternative care, which would be difficult to achieve in any other way. However, studying violence in alternative care with a school survey requires a large sample size. Even with quite a substantial dataset, detailed explanatory analyses were not possible due to the low number of observations. This emphasises the importance of other types of data in addition to survey data in explanatory analysis. Based on this study, we concluded that nationally representative self‐report surveys conducted in schools could provide a useful tool and possibilities for replicable research design, which could thereby develop the research field further.
Investigating real‐world impact of optical coherence tomography workflow‐guided coronary interventions: Design and rationale of the LightLab Clinical Initiative
Authors: Buccola Jana , Meinen Jennifer , Spinelli Joia , Hammerstone Michael , Rapoza Richard , West Nick E. J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

The LightLab Clinical Initiative was designed to examine adoption of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging during routine percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice, and enable identification and reduction of barriers to broader adoption of intracoronary imaging in real‐world practice.

Background

Intracoronary imaging guidance during PCI has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and features as a recommendation in societal guidelines, yet widespread routine adoption remains low. Perceived barriers to utilization include familiarity with, and ability to interpret imaging, concerns over added procedure time and contrast load, alongside a lack of actionable outcome data.

Methods and Results

LightLab was a multicenter prospective observational data‐gathering project, conducted between January 2019, and June 2021, with 17 participating hospitals and physicians. Data were gathered in real‐time, where OCT guidance was employed during PCI using a standardized OCT‐guided workflow algorithm, MLD MAX (where MLD stands for plaque Morphology, lesion Length, vessel Diameter and MAX for Medial dissection, stent Apposition, stent eXpansion) which was developed to simplify and integrate information from OCT throughout the PCI procedure. Integration of this workflow/algorithm was implemented through a series of phases, focusing on physician decision‐making, efficiency, and safety improvements during the procedure.

Conclusions

Through real‐time, prospective procedural data acquisition in the cardiac catheterization laboratory setting, the LightLab Clinical Initiative demonstrates the impact of a standardized OCT‐guided workflow on procedural metrics, including time, contrast use, radiation exposure, as well as financial efficiencies such as device utilization. These results can potentially mitigate underlying concerns over the utility of adoption of intracoronary imaging guidance during PCI.
Stress coefficients for hybrid bermudagrass in the transition zone
Authors: Ketchum Cory , Miller Grady , Pinnix Garland
Published: January 2023

The use of drought tolerant turfgrass cultivars is desirable due to greater water use efficiency and sustained acceptable turfgrass quality during times of drought stress. Crop coefficients (Kc) have traditionally been utilized to assist in reducing irrigation by comparing reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of specific crops. However, Kc values are most relevant during times of nonlimiting conditions and do not quantify the amount turfgrasses restrict evapotranspiration (ET) under moderate drought stress. Stress coefficients (Ks) estimate water needs while maintaining minimally acceptable turfgrass quality. The objective of this study was to derive Ks values for four bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars managed in the transition zone. Direct measurements of actual evapotranspiration were made through weighing lysimetry during a 2‐year field study. Experimental units were allowed to naturally dry down near wilting point and maintained at a steady level of soil moisture to calculate Ks for each cultivar. A lower Ks value indicates increased turfgrass tolerance to water stress; whereas a Ks value ≥1 suggests higher soil moisture levels are required to sustain turfgrass quality. ‘TifTuf’, ‘Latitude 36’ and ‘Tifway’ were the best performing cultivars with mean Ks values of 0.747, 0.766, and 0.796, respectively. ‘Celebration’ had the highest Ks value of 0.944. The results indicate certain bermudagrass cultivars can maintain quality with less soil water, and the reduced water requirements may be used to schedule efficient irrigation applications.
Severity and intractableness of skin infections caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kawakami Tamihiro , Yokoyama Kae , Ikeda Takaharu , Kaneko Hiroshi , Watanabe Yuji , Nakaminami Hidemasa
Published: January 2023

Cases of skin infections caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly USA300 clone, have been increasing in Japan. We report that clinical findings of 5 patients with PVL‐positive MRSA and compared to those of four patients with PVL‐negative MRSA. Severities of patients with PVL‐positive MRSA were significantly higher than those of patients with PVL‐negative MRSA. Average durations of antimicrobial therapy for patients with PVL‐positive MRSA were 3.4‐fold longer than those for patients with PVL‐negative MRSA. Our data suggest that PVL‐positive MRSA should be deal with a causative agent for intractable skin infections in Japan likewise other countries.
Improvement of mass and heat transfer efficiency in a scale‐up microfluidic mixer designed by CFD simulation
Authors: Nie Yingying , Zhao Shuangfei , Yu Pengjie , Wei Yimin , Hu Runze , He Wei , Zhu Ning , Li Yuguang , Ji Dong , Guo Kai
Published: January 2023

Due to scale effects, directly enlarging the size of the micromixer is an easy way to reduce the efficiency of mass and heat transfer in the continuous flow chemical process. It is urgently needed to solve the problem of mass and heat transfer efficiency of the scale‐up mixer. A scale‐up microfluidic mixer with a porous structure was designed to improve the mass and heat transfer efficiency using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The effects of rotation angle, porosity, and baffle spacing were studied to optimize the mixer structure. Compared with the 1 mm mixer without structure, the scale‐up mixer has a higher mixing efficiency and an 80% reduction in energy consumption at Re ≥ 700. A Nusselt number was used to evaluate the heat transfer efficiency of the mixer during fluid heating. The results show that the porous baffle promotes the generation of secondary flow and enhances the heat transfer effect, making its Nu increase by three times compared with the unstructured mixer. The scale‐up microfluidic mixer with a porous structure can effectively improve the mass and heat transfer performance. This study can provide a reference for the design or development of a novel scale‐up mixer.
Screening of chemical pulp, revisiting technology options, and the state‐of‐the‐art equipment—A critical review
Authors: Germgård Ulf , Sjöstrand Björn , Fiskari Juha
Published: January 2023

Screening of pulp can be expressed as a process where solid contaminants are removed from a pulp slurry without an excessive loss of fibres of acceptable quality. The impurities originate from the feedstock, or they are generated during the transport, handling, storage, or pulping process. The most typical impurities include bark, fibre bundles or shives, knots, plastic, rubber, and sand. Moreover, there are also other objectives for screening, such as the improvement of the pulp quality, savings in bleaching chemical consumption, and protection of process equipment. In industrial applications, pulp screening is typically carried out with more than one screen for a more beneficial screening result. The pulp screening equipment can be divided into different types by the separation technique employed, such as atmospheric or pressurized screens, centrifugal screens, vibrating screens, etc. In addition, there are other types of related equipment that are common in the pulp screening process, such as knotters, refiners, and hydrocyclones. The main objective of this review is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of modern screening equipment as well as introduce contemporary screening strategies for chemical pulp mills.
On the use of digital offers by teachers before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic for continuous professional development
Authors: Tscheslog Rebecca , Eilks Ingo
Published: January 2023

Fortbildungen tragen maßgeblich zur Unterrichtsqualität bei und sind zumeist verpflichtend für Lehrkräfte. Um Fortbildungen attraktiv zu gestalten und Organisation sowie Angebot entsprechend an die Bedürfnisse der Lehrkräfte anzupassen, bedarf es regelmäßiger Analysen von Fortbildungsverhalten und ‐wünschen. Digitale Alternativen können das Präsenz‐Fortbildungsangebot ergänzen. Während der COVID 19‐Pandemie hat sich im Bereich digitale Medien in der Schule viel weiterentwickelt. In diesem Artikel beleuchten wir, wie Lehrkräfte digitale Medien für die eigene Fort‐ und Weiterbildung nutzen und ob sich das Nutzungsverhalten seit Beginn der COVID 19‐Pandemie geändert hat.
High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as an early sign of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline
Authors: Baruch Ranny , Zahler David , Zornitzki Lior , Arbel Yaron , Rozenbaum Zach , Arnold Joshua H. , Raphael Ari , Khoury Shafik , Banai Shmuel , Topilsky Yan , Kapusta Livia , Laufer‐Perl Michal
Published: January 2023

Background

Cardiotoxicity, defined mainly as left ventricle (LV) dysfunction, is a significant side effect of anthracyclines (ANT) therapy. The need for an early simple marker to identify patients at risk is crucial. A high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients; however, its role as a predictor for cardiotoxicity development is unknown.

Objective

Evaluating whether elevated NLR, during ANT exposure, plays a predictive role in the development of cardiotoxicity as defined by LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) relative reduction (≥10%).

Methods and Results

Data were prospectively collected as part of the Israel Cardio‐Oncology Registry. A total of 74 female patients with breast cancer, scheduled for ANT therapy were included. NLR levels were assessed at baseline (T1) and during ANT therapy (T2). All patients underwent serial echocardiography at baseline (T1) and after the completion of ANT therapy (T3). NLR ≥ 2.58 at T2 was found to be the optimal predictive cutoff for LV GLS deterioration. A relative LV GLS reduction ≥10% was significantly more common among patients with high NLR (50% vs. 20%, p = .009). NLR ≥ 2.58 at T2 increases the risk for LV GLS reduction by fourfold (odds ratio [OR]: 4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–16.5, p = .02), with each increase of 1‐point NLR adding an additional 15% risk (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32, p = .046).

Conclusions

Our study provides novel data that high NLR levels, during ANT exposure, have an independent association with the development of LV dysfunction. Routine surveillance of NLR may be an effective means of risk‐stratifying.
Machine learning based asynchronous computational framework for generalized Kalman filter
Authors: Khani Mohammadreza , Abdel‐Qader Ikhlas
Published: January 2023

Although the Kalman filter algorithms are well suited to be executed on most digital systems, they become slow when applied to large‐scale dynamic systems. Therefore, efficient execution of Kalman filter for the time‐critical and large‐scale applications is of the essence. This work aims to address this necessity by developing a novel framework to improve the performance of a generalized Kalman filter with unknown inputs (GKF‐UI) using multithreaded‐multicore processors and machine learning (ML) classification methods. An asynchronous execution model based on OpenMP message‐passing framework is developed and integrated with a novel supervised ML‐based thread classifier for the GKF‐UI algorithm to enhance execution efficiency. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve up to 35.5× speedup over the serial single‐threaded implementations with no losses in the accuracy or changes to the generality of the filter structure. Moreover, this framework can play a significant role in realizations of computational advantages in large‐scale systems as well as for the time‐critical prediction applications.
Interface Engineering of All‐Solid‐State Batteries Based on Inorganic Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Xi Lei , Zhang Dechao , Xu Xijun , Wu Yiwen , Li Fangkun , Yao Shiyan , Zhu Min , Liu Jun
Published: January 2023

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) are one of the most promising strategies for next‐generation energy storage systems and electronic devices due to the higher energy density and intrinsic safety. However, the poor solid‐solid contact and restricted chemical/electrochemical stability of inorganic SEs both in cathode and anode SE interfaces cause contact failure and the degeneration of SEs during prolonged charge‐discharge processes. As a result, the increasing interface resistance significantly affects the coulombic efficiency and cycling performance of ASSBs. Herein, we present a fundamental understanding of physical contact and chemical/electrochemical features of ASSB interfaces based on mainstream inorganic SEs and summarize the recent work on interface modification. SE doping, optimizing morphology, introducing interlayer/coating layer, and utilizing compatible electrode materials are the key methods to prevent side reactions, which are discussed separately in cathode/anode‐SE interface. We also highlight the constant extra stack pressure applied during ASSB cycling, which is important to the electrochemical performance. Finally, our perspectives on interface modification for practical high‐performance ASSBs are put forward.
Intelligent channel estimation in millimeter wave massive MIMO communication system using hybrid deep learning with heuristic improvement
Authors: Suneetha Nallamothu , Satyanarayana Penke
Published: January 2023

The major goal of millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems is to get effective channel state information (CSI). Most of the recent works use nuclear norm theory for recovering the low‐rank scheme of channels. Some suboptimal solutions to the rank minimization problem can occur while addressing the nuclear norm‐based convex problem, which degrades the accuracy of channel estimation. Some works recover the channel with the assumption of the mmWave channel using an over‐complete dictionary. On the other hand, the accuracy of available CSI may openly influence the efficiency of mmWave communications. The main intention of this paper is to develop an enhanced channel estimation model with an optimized hybrid deep learning model. Here, the integration of deep neural network (DNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) form the hybrid deep learning model termed optimized D‐LSTM, which is modified by the opposition searched exploration‐based Harris hawks optimization (OE‐HHO). The input to the proposed hybrid deep learning is taken as the correlation among the received signal vectors and the measurement matrix for predicting the beam space channel amplitude. Finally, the successful channel estimation is observed by deep hybrid learning by the experimental outcomes, which also demonstrate that the proposed channel estimation model overwhelms the conventional models in terms of Normalized Mean‐Squared Error (NMSE) and spectral efficiency. The experimental results show that the designed OE‐HHO method obtains 9.2%, 8.9%, 8.65%, and 0.47% progressed than DA, DHOA, GWO, and HHO, respectively. Therefore, higher efficiency is observed by OE‐HHO based mmWave MIMO communication system.