bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR-138 ameliorates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1
Authors: Liao Zhanling , Cheng Xiaoli , Xiang Chunyan , Liu Feng
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To explore the effect of miR-138 on regulating intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells to alleviate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its related mechanisms.

Methods: The left anterior descending artery of the heart was occluded for 30 min and then perfused for 2 h to induce a rat model of cardiac I/R injury. H9C2 cells were cultured in an anoxic medium without serum to establish the model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was applied to measure myocardial infarction sizes in rat hearts. The mRNA expression levels of miR-138 and ICAM-1 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the target of miR-138. The agomiR-138 and miR-138 mimics were transfected into H9C2 cells; exogenous ICAM-1 was also administered, and ROS accumulation, cell viability, and apoptosis were measured. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was investigated.

Results: MiR-138 was downregulated both in vitro and in vivo. AgomiR-138 reduced myocardial infarction area, decreased ROS production and suppressed cell apoptosis in a rat model of cardiac I/R injury. On the other hand, miR-138 mimics increased cell viability, enhanced ROS production and induced cell apoptosis in H/R-induced H9C2 cells. Further analysis verified ICAM-1 as a target of miR- 138. Besides, exogenous ICAM-1 inhibited the protective effect of miR-138 on H/R-induced apoptosis in vitro.

Conclusion: MiR-138 may protect against injury of myocardial I/R by targeting ICAM-1. The results also provide insight into miR-138/ICAM-1 axis as new therapeutic targets for myocardial I/R injury.

Keywords: Intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1, MicroRNA-138, Myocardial/ischemia reperfusion injury, Reactive oxygen species
Involvement of angiotensin II and beta-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of autophagy in human endothelial EA.hy926 cell line
Authors: Jain Moon , Sahu Prasanna K. , Hanif Kashif
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) and β adrenergic receptors (βARs) in autophagy regulation in human endothelial EA.hy926 cell line.Methods: The effect of pharmacological modulation of Ang II receptors and βARs on the expression of LC3B-II and p62 proteins (autophagosome formation marker and autophagic flux marker, respectively) in the human endothelial EA.hy926 cell line were investigated by immunoblotting technique.Results: Ang II-induced autophagy was characterized by increased LC3B-II and reduced p62 expressions. Candesartan, an AT1R agonist,  significantly suppressed the effects of Ang II, while a selective AT2R antagonist, PD123319, inhibited the effect of candesartan. An AT2R agonist, CGP-42112A, also suppressed the Ang II-induced autophagy. Treatment with isoproterenol enhanced the expression of LC3B-II and reduced that of p62; these effects were suppressed upon cotreatment with propranolol (non-selective βAR blocker propranolol). A selective β1AR agonist, dobutamine, reduced the expression of LC3B-II, and increased that of p62; the same was suppressed upon treatment with a selective β1AR antagonist, metoprolol. A selective β2AR agonist, salbutamol, resulted in increased expression of LC3B-II and reduced expression of p62. These effects were encountered upon treatment with selective β2AR antagonist, ICI-118,551.Conclusion: Based on the foregoing, it is evident that AT1Rs mediates Ang II-induced endothelial cell autophagy, while AT2Rs antagonizes the mechanism. βAR activation mediates isoproterenol-induced endothelial cell autophagy, which results from the balance of β1ARs-mediated suppression and β2ARsmediated upregulation of autophagy in the endothelial cells.

Keywords: Autophagy, Angiotensin II type 1 receptors, Angiotensin II type 2 receptors β adrenergic type 1 receptors, β adrenergic type 2 receptors endothelial cells
Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice: Implication of caspase-3 activation
Authors: Chen Dan , Fang Yi-Ling , Zhang Ling-Ling , Niu Xiao-Yin , Sun Xiao-Ru , Niu Xiao-Zhen , Zhao Xuan , Li Cheng
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Isoflurane could induce cognitive impairment and activate caspase-3. However, the mechanism of action is unclear and target  interventions are unavailable. The present study examined the potential protective function of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.Methods: Effects of NaHS (5 mg/kg) on cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane (1.4% for 2 h) were assessed using a fear-conditioning test in a group of 8-month old mice. H4 human neuroglioma cells, which were transfected with upregulated human amyloid precursor protein were treated for 3 or 6 h with 2% isoflurane, in the presence of 100-μM NaHS in the mice. A group of mice treated with normal saline in place of the NaHS in each case served as control. Western blotting, fluorescence assay, and a mitochondrial swelling assay were employed to observe the results of caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS and ATP levels.Results: NaHS significantly mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in mice. In cultured cells, NaHS reduced caspase-3 activation, ROS, mitochondria membrane reduction, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and cellular ATP level. NaHS could ameliorate cognitiveimpariment induced by isoflurane through inhibiting caspase-3 activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.Conclusion: These results indicate that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has potential protective function against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Further investigation of NaHS as an intervention to attenuate anesthesia-associated neurotoxicity is vital.

Keywords: Hydrogen sulfide, isoflurane-cognition，fear conditioning，neurotoxicity
Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine prevents increase in blood pressure and preserves endothelial functions
Authors: Jain Moon , Iqbal Hina , Yadav Pankaj , Singh Himalaya , Chanda Debabrata , Jagavelu Kumaravelu , Hanif Kashif
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To determine the effects of lysosomal inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CHQ) onhypertension-associated changes in the endothelial functions.

Method: Angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 and renovascularhypertensive rats were subjected to CHQ treatment (in vitro: 0.5, 1, and 2.5 μM; in vivo: 50 mg/kg/dayfor three weeks). Changes in the protein expressions of LC3b II (autophagosome formation marker) andp62 (autophagy flux marker) were assessed using immunoblotting. Cell migration assay, tubuleformation assay (in vitro), and organ bath studies (in vivo) were performed to evaluate the endothelialfunctions. Hemodynamic parameters were measured as well.

Results: A higher expression of LC3b II and a reduced expression of p62 observed in the Ang II-treatedendothelial cells, as well as in the aorta of the hypertensive rats, indicated enhanced autophagy.Treatment with CHQ resulted in reduced autophagy flux (in vitro as well as in vivo) and suppressed AngII-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis (in vitro). The treatment with CHQ was alsoobserved to prevent increase in blood pressure in hypertensive rats and preserved acetylcholineinducedrelaxation in phenylephrine-contracted aorta from the hypertensive rats. In addition, chloroquineattenuated Ang II-induced contractions in the aorta of normotensive as well as hypertensive rats.

Conclusion: These observations indicated that CHQ lowers the blood pressure and preserves thevascular endothelial function during hypertension.

Keywords: Angiotensin II, Autophagy, Chloroquine, Endothelial function, Hypertension, Vasculardysfunction
A sensitive and rapid HPLC-DAD method for the determination of 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone and its distribution in rats
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Zhang Xuejiao , Li Shuling , Zhang Qiongyao
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To establish a sensitive and rapid method for the determination of the tissue distribution of 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone (L1) in vivo, and its plasma protein binding capacity.Methods: This study optimized a reverse-phase HPLC method for specific and sensitive determination of L1 as well as its plasma and tissue  distributions. The optimized method was used to determine the plasma protein-binding capacity of L1 in Wistar rats.Results: A rapid, sensitive and simple HPLC-DAD method was established for studying the plasma and tissue distribution of L1. Following TI  administration, its liver concentrations peaked at 60 min and 360min, followed 360 min later with peak level in the kidney (second highest). The L1 concentration was significantly lower after 360 min than after 60 min, and values of its mean binding to plasma proteins was 5.2 % at different L1 concentrations.Conclusion: These results indicate that L1 is a drug with rapid-absorption and rapid-elimination thath is distributed widely in vivo in rats. Moreover, the drug has a weak plasma protein-binding capacity.

Keywords: 3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridone, Distribution, Alzheimer’s disease, Therapy
Tanshinone IIA suppresses fibrosis induced by high glucose conditions in HK-2 cells via inhibition of extracellular matrix deposition, reduction of oxidative stress, and inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zhao Xi , Wang Yao-Guang , Yang Xi-kai , Li Man , Liu Shi-Jie , Zhang Tong-Yan , Wang Yi-Qi
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of tanshinone IIA (TS) on renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) under high glucose conditions and their related molecular mechanism(s) of action.Methods: After treatment with TS (6 μg/mL) for 24 h, the morphology of HK-2 cells stimulated by high glucose was observed under the microscope. Additionally, potential mechanisms related to the antifibrosis effects of TS were evaluated using western blotting assay and quantitative real time PCR (qRTPCR), including transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), and E-cadherin (E-cad).Results: A high-glucose culture environment induced fibrosis of HK-2 cells, as indicated by changes in cell morphology. The anti-fibrotic effects of TS were mainly associated with a decrease in the expression levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA and LN, while the expression of E-cad increased. These resultsalso revealed that TS increased the expressions of HO-1.Conclusion: The findings suggest that TS suppresses fibrosis caused by high glucose in HK-2 cells by inhibiting extracellular matrix deposition and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and by reducing oxidative stress. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical application of this compound in diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Tanshinone IIA, Diabetic nephropathy, HK-2 cells, Fibrosis
Clinical course of COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient undergoing pneumonectomy and pathology findings during the incubation period
Authors: Çınar Hüseyin Ulaş , İnce Özgür , Çelik Burçin , Saltabaş Faruk , Özbek Muharrem
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
The cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical information about patients undergoing lung resection while infected with this virus and pathological information about early COVID-19 pneumonia are still scarce.

CASE PRESENTATION
A 69-year-old male patient underwent a right pneumonectomy for squamous cell lung carcinoma. Until the fourth postoperative day, the patient, who had minor radiological changes on chest x-ray, was asymptomatic. From this day, the COVID-19 test, which was performed after the appearance of symptoms such as fever and shortness of breath, lymphopenia and diffuse ground glass opacity in the left lung on computed tomography, was reported to be positive. The patient was given NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation), and hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and azithromycin in isolation intensive care, with the diagnosis of severe pneumonia. He was discharged on the 17th postoperative day with healing of the lung lesions. The pathology specimen of the patient, who was found to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 before the day of surgery, was examined retrospectively. Irregular and severe pneumocyte hyperplasia, interstitial thickening, oedema, pronounced protein exudates, diffuse enlargement of the alveolar walls, macrophage infiltration and fibroblastic proliferation, which is an indicator of early organisation, were detected.

CONCLUSION
We believe that the clinical course and pathology findings obtained after right pneumonectomy in a patient with pre-symptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia will guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
LANGUAGE POLITENESS OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Rika Ningsih  , Endry Boeriswati  , Liliana Muliastuti
Published: June 2020

This research is based on the discovery of students and teachers at SMAN 01 Logas Tanah Darat, Kuantan Singingi, Riau, who spoke impolitely. As people working in the world of education, students and teachers must certainly pay attention to politeness in language. For this reason, this research needs to be conducted to see the extent of the politeness of students and teachers in communicating in the realm of education. Also, this study not only looked at the politeness of students and teachers but also want to see the factors causing the impoliteness of students and teachers in speaking. This research uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. Sources of data in this study were students and teachers at SMAN 01 Logas Tanah Darat, Kuantan Singingi, Riau. The data in this study are the speech of students and teachers containing six maxim of politeness raised by Leech. The results of this study indicate that students and teachers at SMAN 01 Logas Tanah Darat, Kuantan Singingi Riau can already be categorized politely in speech. This can be seen from the 101 utterances found that only 38 utterances are categorized as impolite or violate the six maxims of the politeness principle stated by Leech.
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN MEMANAH BAGI MAHASISWA UIN, SERAMBI DAN UBUDIYAH DI STKIP BINA BANGSA GETSEMPENA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Irfandi  , Zikrur Rahmat
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to increase strength, speed, accuracy, endurance, and coordination and balance are crucial in producing good and correct archery basic techniques, so as to produce good archery accuracy. In line with that, we think that in order to get the automation and effectiveness of arm muscle strength, arrow speed in order to reach the target in archery, in this case it is necessary to have regular and directed physical training, this is felt to be more effectively done through devotion activities carried out by the student . But in its application the field is actually different, isotonic training, which is a form of exercise with shortened and elongated muscle contractions, in this case the chosen form of exercise is bow pulling training, whereas isometric training is a form of training that contracts with no shortening or elongation, in this case the form of exercise used is to hold the arc pressure (balance). The system of implementing the two forms of training is adjusted to the training program that has been planned and established for the achievement of the peak achievements of UIN, Serambi and Ubudiyah students at the STKIP BBG Banda Aceh. The aim is to improve skills, accuracy, right on target when archery, so in this case the solution offered in this service is to conduct training activities based on daily, weekly and monthly training programs.

Abstrak

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kekuatan, kecepatan, ketepatan, daya tahan, dan koordinasi serta keseimbangan sangat menentukan dalam menghasilkan teknik dasar memanah yang baik dan benar, sehingga menghasilkan ketepatan memanah yang baik. Sejalan dengan itu, kami berpikir bahwa untuk mendapatkan otomatisasi dan efektivitas kekuatan otot lengan, kecepatan anak panah demi mencapai target dalam memanah, maka dalam hal ini perlu latihan fisik secara rutin dan terarah, hal ini dirasa lebih efektif dilakukan melalui kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan mahasiswa tersebut. Namun dalam aplikasinya dilapangan justru berbeda, latihan isotonik yaitu suatu bentuk latihan dengan konstraksi otot memendek dan memanjang dalam hal ini bentuk latihan yang dipilih adalah latihan menarik busur, sedangkan latihan isometrik merupakan suatu bentuk latihan yang berkontraksi dengan tidak terjadi pemendekan atau pemanjangan, dalam hal ini bentuk latihan yang dipergunakan adalah menahan tekanan busur (keseimbangan). Sistem pelaksanaan kedua bentuk latihan disesuaikan dengan program latihan yang telah direncanakan dan ditetapkan untuk pencapaian prestasi puncak mahasiswa UIN, Serambi dan Ubudiyah di STKIP BBG Banda Aceh. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan, ketepatan, tepat sasaran saat memanah, maka dalam hal ini solusi yang ditawarkan dalam pengabdian ini adalah dengan melakukan kegiatan pelatihan berpedoman pada program latihan harian, mingguan dan bulanan.

Kata Kunci: Keterampilan, Memanah, Mahasiswa.
Combining Like Terms: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Algebra I Interventions in Mathematics and Special Education
Authors: Dibbs Rebecca A. , Hott Brittany L. , Martin Amelia , Raymond Leslie , Kline Taylor
Published: June 2020

Many students struggle with the transition from arithmetic to algebra. Despite meta-analytic work on algebra instruction and calls for meta-syntheses of mathematics education topics, little has been done to synthesize the corpus of qualitative mathematics education research in algebra. The purpose of this meta-synthesis is to summarize the techniques teachers use to elicit algebraic thinking from students with mathematics difficulty or disability in the mathematics and special education literature. Although both mathematics and special educators used student-centered and collaborative techniques to encourage students to share algebraic reasoning, students with mathematics difficulty and disability struggled to participate meaningfully, and directions for further critical work in algebra are specified.
The Effect of Smart Board Use on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytical and Thematic Study
Authors: Akar Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of smart board use on academic achievement. For this purpose, mixed method where quantitative and qualitative methods are combined is used. In the quantitative phase of the research, 47 experimental studies examining the effect of smart board use on academic achievement, which were accessed by the literature review and conformed to the inclusion criteria determined by the researcher, were analyzed according to random effects model using meta-analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the effect size of smart board use on academic achievement was positive, large, and significant (ES(d) = .94, p ˂ .05). The calculated effect size does not differ according to the type of publication, school level, and field of science (course), publication year, sample size and duration of experiment implementation. The data collected in the qualitative phase of the research were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis methods. The following results were obtained under the theme of the positive aspects of smart board use: "it provides permanent learning", "supports visual and auditory learning", "makes topics more concrete". The following results were obtained under the theme of the negative aspects of smart board use: "teachers' inability to use the smart board leads to a waste of time and disrupt the course", "teachers can be overshadowed by the smart board", "smart board makes the student and teacher lazy, and they get used to smart board doing everything". The following results were obtained under the theme of suggestions: "teachers should be trained on smart board use", "different functions should be used besides presentation (video, sound, educational game, animation etc.)", "smart boards should not be used all the time, only when necessary".
PACKAGING INNOVATION OF LOCAL PRODUCT FERMENTATION OF KANIA DAIRY FARMERS GROUP IN TAJUR HALANG VILLAGE, CIJERUK, BOGOR
Authors: Putri Pertiwia Meilisha
Published: June 2020

Community service program (PKM) for packaging innovation of local product fermentation of Kania Diary Farmers Group in Tajur Halang Village, Cijeruk Subdistrict, Bogor Regency has been conducted. It was held from April to Juli 2019. It aimed to empower Kania Diary Farmers Group in innovating milk fermentation product, introducing nutrition fact of es mambo kefir, and introducing well-packaged product. Its method were literature studied for an interesting packaging, field obeservation, kefir mambo ice production, nutrition analysed using proximat analysis, explanation about nutrition facts, implementation well-packaging, and discussion between instructors and Kania Group. After analysing the kefir mambo ice, it yielded 35 cal for 50 g/serving. It also contained 1 g protein, 1.5 g fat, and 1 g carbohydrate for 35 g/serving. All the nutrition containing in kefir mambo ice is good for a healthy body. Kania group members looked so enthusiasm and excited during the training. Hopefully, through this training, Kania group will develop better pacakaging for every single of its product.
Different synthetic approaches, design and applications of metal–organic frameworks with selected organic ligands
Authors: Mat Yassin Ubaidullah Hj , Abdul Hamid Malai Haniti Sheikh , Ngaini Zainab , Tan Ai Ling
Published: June 2020

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) bearing a number of organic ligands of various functional groups and substituents give rise to MOFs of unique crystal structures and topologies. A number of potential applications have been considered for these materials in a wide array of scientific fields, such as in the adsorption of industrially-relevant gases, as heterogeneous catalysts for various organic reactions, as photoluminescent materials, and as antibacterial agents. This review highlights the utility of select groups of organic ligands in the assembly of main group metals, transition metals, as well as lanthanides and actinides, to generate MOFs of diverse structures in the solid state, with special attention paid on ligands bearing the carboxylate-, pyridyl-, ether-, imine (Schiff base) moieties, as well as mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs).
Mirroring the Conflict Situation of the Oil-rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria on the Screen: A Thematic Analysis of the Film - Black November
Authors: Lucas Joseph M. , Vakkai Fatima D. , Targema Tordue Simon
Published: June 2020

This study examines the potentials of film in managing conflict in the oil rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This is against the backdrop that since the commencement of oil production in the region in the 1960s to date, it has continued to experience one form of armed conflict or the other. These manifest in several ways such as kidnapping of foreign oil workers, vandalization of oil facilities and confrontation with security operatives by militants, leaving adverse effects on the Nigerian economy which depends on crude oil as the major source of income. The paradox of plenty or resource curse that has come to characterize the region and how it can be addressed, therefore, is what prompts the current study. Using the Nollywood film- Black November, the study demonstrates that film is an instrument that can be used effectively to manage conflicts in the region. From the viewpoint of Singhal and Rogers’ Entertainment-Education approach, the study adopts thematic analysis to identify and discuss the various themes embedded in the film. Findings indicate that several forces are behind the intractable conflict in the region as contained in the film, such as exploitation of resident communities by multinational oil companies, environmental degradation occasioned by oil spillage and gas flaring, and gross injustice, insincerity and human rights abuse by security operatives that make the people lose faith and confidence in both them and the government which they represent. Other causes include betrayal and corruption on the part of community leaders and the burning fire of patriotism in the youth who are determined to fight for their rights. Given the rich thematic embodiment of the film, the study concludes that film has potentials which, if effectively harnessed, will go a long way in managing conflicts in the society.
El Espíritu Santo y María en Lumen Gentium
Authors: Martínez Jiménez José Antonio
Published: June 2020

La constitución dogmática sobre la Iglesia del concilio Vaticano II profundiza en las relaciones entre la Tercera Persona de la Santísima Trinidad y la Virgen María. La santidad original de la Virgen, formada por el Espíritu Santo como nueva criatura, requerirá de ella una actitud activa y consciente, como colaboradora única en su obra. De este modo, la Madre de Dios aparece con las notas de “Casa de Dios”, “Theotokos” y “Madre de la Iglesia”. La obra de H. Mühlen se convierte en referencia canónica obligada para la recta comprensión de esa relación pneumatológica.
François Mauriac: novelista y apologeta de la fe. A los 50 años de su fallecimiento
Authors: Rodríguez Quesada Andrés Francisco
Published: June 2020

François Mauriac desarrolló fundamentalmente su producción literaria en la primera mitad del siglo pasado, un periodo marcado por las dos Guerras Mundiales en una Francia en creciente proceso de secularización. Así las cosas, con motivo del cincuenta aniversario de su fallecimiento la pretensión de este trabajo es hacer emerger la figura de Mauriac como apologeta que, desde el ámbito literario, defendió algunos de los principales postulados católicos cuestionados por el alma moderna. En efecto, el premio Nobel de literatura pertenece a esa constelación de autores católicos que, profundizando en las raíces del Cristianismo, intentan dar una salida a la crisis de la Modernidad, cimentada fundamentalmente en el positivismo y el materialismo. De hecho, veremos cómo plantea el problema del mal en el mundo y la solución al mismo desde el ámbito de la caridad por medio de mártires inmolados. Asimismo, asistiremos a la crítica sistemática del novelista francés contra el antitestimonio cristiano o contra el fariseísmo religioso como elementos clave de su pedagogía apologética.
MIGRAÇÕES POLÍTICAS NAS NARRATIVAS DE MILTON HATOUM E GODOFREDO DE OLIVEIRA NETO
Authors: Jobim José Luís
Published: June 2020

Neste nosso trabalho, pretendemos enfocar dois autores brasileiros que trataram da questão das migrações políticas: Milton Hatoum e Godofredo de Oliveira Neto. Como veremos, Hatoum, principalmente em seus romances amazônicos, enfocou a vida de imigrantes árabes na Amazônia, e recentemente aponta, em A noite da espera, primeiro romance de sua mais recente trilogia, para a questão da migração por razões políticas, de que já havia tratado em um conto publicado anteriormente. A migração por razões políticas é também o tema do outro romance de que trataremos aqui, Amores exilados, de Godofredo de Oliveira Neto.
Social Work and Community Based Disaster Risk Management in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Miraj Saira , Saddique Rani
Published: June 2020

Pakistan is exposed to various natural calamities due to its geophysical condition and climatic changes. In addition, man-made disasters also pose a threat to human lives and properties which includes industrial and transport disasters including oil spills, civil unrest, wars and conflicts. Although it is not possible to stop or prevent natural disasters, but the negative impacts of natural disasters can be minimized through human efforts. The government of Pakistan has adopted participatory approach as part of its policy for disaster management. This research paper is based on the analysis of secondary data for reviewing the existing policies with emphasis on disaster risk reduction in pre and post disaster period. The paper concludes that participation of target community is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis. The article suggests that community should be meaningfully involved in disaster risk reduction efforts at the local level. In this connection the role of social workers is indispensable for disaster risk reduction on sustainable basis.
Exploring The Causes Of Suicide Incidents (With Firearm/Gun Shot) And Its Impact On Society: A Case Study Of Sindh Province Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The ratio of suicide incidents is increasing in males and females; many reasons are coupled with such incidents, to be discussed in this research article. My research is limited to Sindh Province, Pakistan. The Pakistan Penal Code, (1860) does not recognize or defines the definition of suicide, as an offense punishable under the respective offense. The wisdom behind is that the person who commits the suicide dies, the wrongful act of person also dies with the wrong doer. The ratio is more in youngsters, so, in this alarming situation, we are losing our young talented precious lives, it is not the loss of individual but whole society including our homeland (Pakistan), for the reasons that the persons those who committed suicide could have been our today’s Businessman, Economists, Scientists, Engineers, Doctors and Experts in their respective fields, includes other professionals or common persons of the society. Keeping in view increasing rate of suicide incidents, it has become mandatory to save the loss of society. The suicide is massive menace for the developing society, an analytical study is conducted on such incidents for exploring the reasons, and particularly protective and precautionary measures are suggested for taking the practical steps in the province and to implement the law in letter in sprits. The study will serve larger interest of the public and would help in eradicating self- homicide incidents this, recommendations will address the problems. The stake holders of this province and Federal Government of Pakistan may cater and redress with this recurring issue in the light of recommendations.
Prevalence And Predictors Of Mental Health Problems Among An Elderly Population Of Pakistan
Authors: Alvi Aaqib Shahzad , Safdar Sarah
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and predictors of mental health problems among elderly. Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used as tool of data collection from 624 elderly aged 60+ using multistage sampling technique. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health problems. Results indicated a pervasive prevalence of mental health problems among elderly in Central Punjab. Logistic regression analysis reported that various independent factors, including financial dependency, educational status, undesirable events of life, undermining the sense of control, elderly abuse, feelings of discomfort at home, behavior of family, age and gender of elderly were significantly linked with mental health problems of Pakistani elderly population. These notably linked variables were instigated as the major risk factors of mental health problems. These findings also pointed out that the respondents who were monetarily dependent and did not have any source for familial support were two times more likely to report mental health problems than those who had finances. It means that the financial dependency dominates other risk factors.
Mothers’ Awareness And Experiences Of Having A Thalassemic Child: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Ishfaq Kamran , Hashmi Mehreen , Naeem Salman Bin
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand the mothers’ level of awareness regarding thalassemia and their experiences of having a thalassemic child. A total of (N=64) mothers are chosen as participants. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is carried out. Majority of the children’s parents is cousins but they are not screened for thalassemia before marriage and despite of the birth of thalassemic child, they are unaware about pre-natal diagnosis. The study highlights the need of implementing effective public educational programs and to make pre-marital screening compulsory for general public to reduce the prevalence rate of the disease.
Socio-Cultural Barriers To Women Empowerment: A Case Study Of Women Working In Vocational Training Institutes Of District Kohat
Authors: Akhunzada Zia Ullah , Khattak Mamoon Khan , Ashraf Adnan
Published: June 2020

The study underlines the socio-cultural obstacles to women’s empowerment in the target area. Kohat district was chosen as locale of the study. 78 women working in 3 different Technical and Vocational Training Institutes were randomly interviewed for the study. Structured interview schedule was used as tool for collecting data from the sample respondents. The results of the study indicate that Socio-Cultural hindrances exist and are obstructing women empowerment in the target area. The condition can be improved by creating socio-cultural values favourable to women empowerment through education, jobs, decision-making power and by avoiding misinterpretation of religion etc.
The Ageing Home-Based Women- Workers in Karachi
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

The word ageing catches our attention as an impression of experience, respect, and knowledge while on the other hand it also expresses an image of weakness, loneliness and loss of power. The two thoughts combined with gender dimension signify that men to some extent and women usually are affected by ageing mostly. The Ageing Home-Based Women-Workers in Karachi is an outcome of a study portraying the challenges faced by old age women workers of the informal sector in Karachi. Prof. Dr. Nasreen Aslam Shah has contributed many published research work in the area of women and work. The Ageing Home-Based Women- Workers is an overview of the ageing women’s experiences narrated by these women. The uniqueness of the study lies in its connection with studies conducted earlier by the author similar issues (The Self-Employed Women in Pakistan, 1994).
An Evaluation Of Indicators Of Socio-Economic Deprivation: A Case Study Of The Slums Of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Mamdani Kaneez Fatima
Published: June 2020

In Pakistan more than one third of its population continues to live below the poverty line (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2013). Recent research has shown that poverty is wide spread in both urban and rural areas and it is not only rural phenomenon. Since the past few decades, Karachi has experienced an inflow of migrants from all parts of Pakistan in search of better opportunities. Karachi has about 650 katchi abadis (squatter settlements) which are home to 50% of city’s population (Sindh Katchi Abadis Authority 2006). The objective of this study is to measure and analyse the nature and level of socio-economic deprivation as well as to find out the different forms of socio-economic deprivation. It is an exploratory cross-sectional study. Primary data is collected from 497 households of seven katchi abadis of Karachi to study the problem. Statistical tools of analysis i.e. coefficients of variance are used to analyse the relationship between two variables and indices of multiple deprivation are constructed to compute the different domains and levels of deprivation. It is evident from the outcomes of the findings of domains of deprivation that the significant proportion of population of Katchi Abadis i.e. approximately 50% of the households suffers from multiple deprivation. The findings emphasize that all settlements have deprivation in all domains (education, economic, housing quality and housing services deprivation, health deprivation); however each settlement has different issues and concerns priority wise. Index of multiple deprivation show 49% of households living below poverty line (US$ 1.25) experience multiple deprivation. The findings also reveal that 60% of households highly to moderately deprived as regards to levels of deprivation while 40% has low deprivation level. In order to increase the standard of living on the grass-root level, “Living Wages” should be used as the standard to measure people’s socio-economic wellbeing instead “Poverty” to maintain a decent standard of living for families of different sizes. Policies should be designed to decrease the level of unemployment on a scale needed for long term poverty alleviation, by creating environment that is conducive to private economic activity at the grass root level.
Face of Negotiation theory:A Critical Analysis of Hijab (Veil) Among Muslim Women In Pakistan
Authors: Azhar Tehsin , Khan Qaisar , Naz Arab
Published: June 2020

The practice of hijab (veiling) among Muslim women has triggered a great deal of scholarly exploration and debate. This research puts forward empirical evidence to clarify the perception of people about appearance and veil in Pakistani context and highlights the conflicting meanings and purposes of veil among people belonging to different strata of society. With the increasing popularity of veil among Muslim women not only motivated religious scholars to get into this matter holistically but also prompted sociolinguists to explore the reality. Informed by face negotiation theory and social semiotics, this study unveils the ideological implications of wearing hijab. To dissect the reality, the research has been carried out at two levels. First, it examines the perspective of observers through questionnaire and second, it investigates the ideology of women who do/don’t wear hijab through short interviews. Specifically hijab is assumed to draw a line among different strata of Pakistan on one hand while on other, in strict sense it creates a gap between exclusion and inclusion of women in Islamic/Muslim community
Empowering Women Through Micro-Financing/ Micro- Credit Loans: A Survey Based Study In Balochistan
Authors: Tareen Mohammad Alam , Shah Syed Hussain , Kasi Mirwais
Published: June 2020

Women empowerment has been considered as a major challenge to meet the prime objective of economic development in most underdeveloped countries of the world. Various initiatives have been taken at both policy and program levels by both government and civil society organizations to improve the status of women. In the recent past, microcredit schemes have been the dominant tool to improve women; socioeconomic status. This study, therefore, aims to examine the impact of microcredit on women’s empowerment. Data is collected through Primary source using questionnaire survey research approach. A sample of hundred and fifty female respondents was taken from Quetta city involved in home made goods. Cross tabulation analysis was used to show whether there is a difference in opinion responses and chi-square test analysis was applied to examine the association between microcredit and women’s empowerment as measured by decision-making at the household level. The results of this study found that the microcredit program has a significant positive association with women’s empowerment. The study further shows that microcredit improves women’s access to household level assets. Thus, this paper concludes that empowered women through micro-credit scheme are successful in attaining employment, improvement in social status, owning of assets and contribute to the economy.
Towards Assessing The Role Of Community Participation In Community Development At Tehsil Lal Qilla, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Israr Muhammad , Naz Arab , Ahmad Waqar , Khan Nasar
Published: June 2020

This paper assesses the impact of community participation on community development programs, which is a precondition for successful and sustainable development in any community. However, majority of programs do not yield the desired results due to lack of community participation. This study has been carried out in Tehsil LalQilla, District Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data was collected from a purposively selected sample of 258 respondents through interview schedule (beneficiaries of different programs). Logistic regression model has been used to get the association between independent variables and dependent variable. On the basis of the statistical findings, the data revealed that peoples' direct participation’ got ‘p’ value (0.01), ‘advancement of self-reliance’ which got ‘p’ value (0.024) and ‘bottom to top approach’ got ‘p’ value (0.001) have strong relation with the dependent variable community development. The Exponent/Beta (Odds Ratio) for the given independent variables showed 3.089, 0.320 and 4.685 respectively; which means, one unit increase in the mentioned variable the corresponding dependent variable would increase by 3.089, 0.320 and 4.685 times, respectively.
Stabilizing Between Work And Family: Professional Mothers’ Struggle To Achieve Success
Authors: Nasreen Shagufta , Ali Aliyah , Wajidi Faraz Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Paid work and family life adjustment has attracted attention of researchers for quite a long time. The gender division of labour has been changed in many societies due to social, political and economic factors. The aim of this study was to explore the level of satisfaction and strategy patterns of professional mothers in socialization of their children. The study has used quantitative and qualitative data collection tools. Sixty professional mothers were interviewed from various professions using purposive sampling method. 78% of respondents said that they are satisfied with their children’s education and personality development. It is recommended that government should provide day-care facilities at workplace for women workers so that they can focus on their work effectively.
Community Development Programs For Socio-Economic Development In Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Siraj , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

Community development program is defined as the set of programs and policies designed to improve the socio-economic condition and also use the existing resources in better way. It is an organized process where member’s efforts of a community can be joined with the collaboration of government departments and non-governmental organizations to improve and evolve community socially, economically and culturally. In Pakistan, the first community development program was introduced in 1951 with the establishment of pilot project in Karachi, by the federal government. Since 1951 till today various community development programs have been implemented by government and non-government organizations (NGOs) to improve the living standard of people. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact and contribution of community development programs for socio-economic development in Pakistan. The research study endeavored to analyze the social and economical impacts of these programs on the communities where the programs were implemented. The study included interviews with government officials, NGOs staff and beneficiaries in the field. The findings of study shows that programs in general have positive impacts and appreciated but a lot of work are needed to be done for the welfare of whole society. The recommendations were made as to the best practices of community development programs for policy makers and NGOs to improve the living standard of people in the country.
An Analytical Study On Socio-Economic Conditions Of Squatter Settlements In Karachi
Authors: Khawaja Aamir Waheed , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

This research study was conducted on socio-economic conditions of families living in squatter’s settlement of Karachi. The urban population is booming with unprecedented growth due to heavy influx or migration of rural population to the cities especially in Karachi. The rural families are migrating to the city in a way to have better employment; improved lifestyles in urban societies. Migrators usually accommodated in squatters’ settlements of Karachi because of high residing cost in urban areas. The squatters’ settlements are located at outskirt of the city on government owned lands. However the provincial government has set up Sindh Katchi Abadi Authority (SKAA) department for upgrading or regularizing Katchi Abadis which are working under specific rules and regulations. In this study the role of SKAA also highlighted to analyze the working preferences of organization for the rehabilitation or betterment of squatter settlements. The research topic is chosen in order to investigate about the socio-economic issues of families living in squatters settlements. The data is collected from 200 respondents of squatters from squatters’ settlements which are situated in six different districts of Karachi. Data is collected by the self-prepared questionnaire which was prepared in a way to investigate socio-economic issues and problems of squatters’ families living in the settlements. This research found that whole sample of squatters is of migrators. These settlements are considered illegal and have no provision of basic necessities including drinking safe water; inadequate sanitation system; and low standard of housings.
Analyzing Economic Empowerment Of Women Entrepreneurs In Informal Sector
Authors: Manzoor Seema , Manzoor Asma , Qureshi Misbah B.
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the involvement of women in the informal sector and accommodating them in their work. In past few decades women’s economic role has been strongly recognized, though they are still marginalized by the society. Many social and cultural barriers restrain them from gaining their due status. In developing countries people are living below poverty line and among them women suffer more. Many social factors like class differences, gender discrimination and other factors reduced their efficiency. Therefore, there is a need to empower women in real sense and incorporate them in the mainstream. In developing countries women are major contributors in informal sector, i.e. they are backbone to national economy. In this study both quantitative method is used. Interview schedule is used as a tool for data collection having open ended and close ended questions. Data is represented by tabulation providing the statistical facts and figures. Non-probability sampling technique is applied to collect data and the Sample size is 100 includes women (25 women respondents from selected four different areas of Karachi city) who are involved in entrepreneurship. The purposive and convenience sampling techniques are used to collect date. Four areas of Karachi Metropolitan city are selected as the area of universe for the research, which are Shah Faisal colony, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, F. B. Area and North Karachi. Women entrepreneurs are involved in informal sector due to many factors like poverty, growing inflation, to support family and increasing family income.
An Analysis Of Rater Error In Recruitment And Selection Process Of IT Organizations
Authors: Junaid Z. B. , Siddique Muhammad , Baig Mariya
Published: June 2020

This paper attempts to study the extent to which rater error is prevalent in recruitment and selection process in Islamabad based Information Technology (IT) organizations. The study observed, evaluated and analyzed complete recruitment process of the 03 selected organizations to find out any conscious or unconscious activity of rater error during the selection process. The study employed qualitative research methodology in which whole selection process was monitored in person, all recruitment forms and documents were studied, unstructured interviews were conducted with the Chief Operating Officers, the Human Resource managers, the technical managers of the organizations and even the candidates. After thorough analysis, the findings of the study reveal that rater errors exist in all of the three organizations, influenced by several conscious and unconscious factors. Results show that stereotyping, halo effect, contrast effect, similarto- me effect and first impression effect were prevalent in the organizations which undermine the objective evaluation of candidates to a greater extent. The study recommends the organizations should pursue rater training programs of the all managers, executives involved in the recruitment process and conducting panel interviews for minimizing the rater errors.