bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of sublethal doses of glyphosate on honeybee navigation
Authors: Balbuena María Sol , Tison Léa , Hahn Marie-Luise , Greggers Uwe , Menzel Randolf , Farina Walter M.
Published: September 2015

Glyphosate (GLY) is a herbicide that is widely used in agriculture for weed control. Although reports about the impact of GLY in snails, crustaceans and amphibians exist, few studies have investigated its sublethal effects in non-target organisms such as the honeybee Apis mellifera, the main pollen vector in commercial crops. Here, we tested whether exposure to three sublethal concentrations of GLY (2.5, 5 and 10 mg l−1: corresponding to 0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 μg per animal) affects the homeward flight path of honeybees in an open field. We performed an experiment in which forager honeybees were trained to an artificial feeder, and then captured, fed with sugar solution containing traces of GLY and released from a novel site either once or twice. Their homeward trajectories were tracked using harmonic radar technology. We found that honeybees that had been fed with solution containing 10 mg l−1 GLY spent more time performing homeward flights than control bees or bees treated with lower concentrations. They also performed more indirect homing flights. Moreover, the proportion of direct homeward flights performed after a second release from the same site increased in control bees but not in treated bees. These results suggest that, in honeybees, exposure to levels of GLY commonly found in agricultural settings impairs the cognitive capacities needed to retrieve and integrate spatial information for a successful return to the hive. Therefore, honeybee navigation is affected by ingesting traces of the most widely used herbicide worldwide, with potential long-term negative consequences for colony foraging success.
Directional flow sensing by passively stable larvae
Authors: Fuchs Heidi L. , Christman Adam J. , Gerbi Gregory P. , Hunter Elias J. , Diez F. Javier
Published: September 2015

Mollusk larvae have a stable, velum-up orientation that may influence how they sense and react to hydrodynamic signals applied in different directions. Directional sensing abilities and responses could affect how a larva interacts with anisotropic fluid motions, including those in feeding currents and in boundary layers encountered during settlement. Oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica) were exposed to simple shear in a Couette device and to solid-body rotation in a single rotating cylinder. Both devices were operated in two different orientations, one with the axis of rotation parallel to the gravity vector, and one with the axis perpendicular. Larvae and flow were observed simultaneously with near-infrared particle-image velocimetry, and behavior was quantified as a response to strain rate, vorticity and centripetal acceleration. Only flows rotating about a horizontal axis elicited the diving response observed previously for oyster larvae in turbulence. The results provide strong evidence that the turbulence-sensing mechanism relies on gravity-detecting organs (statocysts) rather than mechanosensors (cilia). Flow sensing with statocysts sets oyster larvae apart from zooplankters such as copepods and protists that use external mechanosensors in sensing spatial velocity gradients generated by prey or predators. Sensing flow-induced changes in orientation, rather than flow deformation, would enable more efficient control of vertical movements. Statocysts provide larvae with a mechanism of maintaining their upward swimming when rotated by vortices and initiating dives toward the seabed in response to the strong turbulence associated with adult habitats.
An unexpected effect of TNF-α on F508del-CFTR maturation and function
Authors: Bitam Sara , Pranke Iwona , Hollenhorst Monika , Servel Nathalie , Moquereau Christelle , Tondelier Danielle , Hatton Aurélie , Urbach Valérie , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Hinzpeter Alexandre , Edelman Aleksander
Published: September 2015

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multifactorial disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR),which encodes a cAMP-dependent Cl-channel. The most frequent mutation, F508del, leads to the synthesis of a prematurely degraded, otherwise partially functional protein. CFTR is expressed in many epithelia, with major consequences in the airways of patients with CF, characterized by both fluid transport abnormalities and persistent inflammatory responses. The relationship between the acute phase of inflammation and the expression of wild type (WT) CFTR or F508del-CFTR is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate this effect. The results show that 10 min exposure to TNF-alpha (0.5-50ng/ml) of F508del-CFTR-transfected HeLa cells and human bronchial cells expressing F508del-CFTR in primary culture (HBE) leads to the maturation of F508del-CFTR and induces CFTR chloride currents. The enhanced CFTR expression and function upon TNFα is sustained, in HBE cells, for at least 24 h. The underlying mechanism of action involves a protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and occurs through insertion of vesicles containing F508del-CFTR to the plasma membrane, with TNFα behaving as a corrector molecule. In conclusion, a novel and unexpected action of TNFα has been discovered and points to the importance of systematic studies on the roles of inflammatory mediators in the maturation of abnormally folded proteins in general and in the context of CF in particular.
To a question of financial statements Assertions
Authors: Кельдина  , Keldina Lyubov , Макарова  , Makarova Larisa
Published: September 2015

IThe article analyses structure and definitions of concepts of financial statements assertions according to the Audit Evidence Federal Standard and International Standards on Auditing.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Смирнов  , Smirnov E.
Published: September 2015

In Russia, a new Federal Law took effect in June. It allows citizens to legalise previously non-declared capital

without financial losses.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Любченко  , Lyubchenko A.
Published: September 2015

Approaches to municipal target programs’ productivity assessment based on methodology of audit and efficiency control have been considered in this paper. Municipal target programs of Novosibirsk are the subject of supervision.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Миславская  , Mislavskaya N.
Published: September 2015

The Article details the principles and rules of the mergerbased on the requirements of laws and regulations. The

example of financial statements’ attainment for reorganized entities and newly merged organization helps to imaginework

stages of accounting.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Гаджиева  , Gadzhieva P.
Published: September 2015

The article presents a comparative analysis of the classical theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the

concept of financial results. The author offers his vision of the economic content of the concept to the changed market

conditions in the environment.
Preparing for an OSCE
Authors: Sporek Paulina Ewa
Published: September 2015

Student midwife, Paulina Sporek, shares her experience and advises on how to prepare for an Objective Structured Clinical Examination.
Small AnimalReview
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: September 2015

Introduction:

Insulin detemir may be useful in the management of canine diabetes mellitus where response to other insulin types is poor.
Appearance concerns in later life: do they really exist?
Authors: Hamlet Claire
Published: September 2015

In Western society, where youth and beauty are given high status, older people can often feel pressured to adopt appearance-enhancing strategies, such as using anti-ageing products. Those who invest time and money into their image often do so to show they are coping well with later life and gain respect from others. Claire Hamlet examines the concept of successful ageing in relation to appearance
Industry figures come together to form the Joint Council for Cosmetic Interventions
Authors: Senior Yvonne
Published: September 2015

Health Education England's expert reference group for the national project surrounding non-surgical cosmetic interventions has been working behind the scenes to create a new council for aesthetic practitioners. In this month's column, Yvonne Senior outlines the six main aims of the newly-formed group and its approach to regulating all providers of medical aesthetic procedures
Should electoral management bodies encourage voting? The case for a civic education role
Authors: Lewis J. P.
Published: September 2015

In 2014, the Canadian Conservative government caused much concern and debate amongst academics, the media and public over proposed changes to the Elections Act, which would restrict communications from the Chief Electoral Officer. The debate over Bill C-23 provides the opportunity to explore the role of electoral management bodies in civic education. This article argues that based on policy precedent at the provincial level and general institutional support across Canada that there is a case to be made for a civic education role for EMBs, going beyond the responsibility of simply providing answers on ‘How to Vote’ but also suggesting answers to the question of ‘Why Vote’.
Germinação in vitro e aclimatização de Hamatocactus setispinus
Authors: Xavier Priscilla Brites , Jasmim Janie Mendes
Published: September 2015

Seed propagation preserves the population genetic variability and helps selecting desirable features. This study evaluated the in vitro germination of Hamatocactus setispinus in six different culture media, 1- MS basal medium full strength; 2- half-strength MS basal medium; 3- 1.0 g L-1 of Peter’s CalMag® 15-05-15 formulation; 4- 0.5 g L-1 of Peter’s CalMag® 15-05-15 formulation; 5- MS basal medium supplemented with 10% coconut water and; 6- water and agar, with and without activated charcoal, and the speed of germination index, the mean germination time and the germination rate, root length, shoot length and the number of roots were evaluate. The seedlings with superior development obtained from in vitro germination were acclimatized in two substrates: Biomix® Floreira; Biomix® Floreira + sand. Seedling survival, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root number, shoot fresh matter weight, root fresh matter weight, shoot dry matter weight and root dry matter weight were evaluated. Peter’s 1.0 g L-1 medium without activated charcoal led to the best results for root length (11.36 mm) and root number (3.84). There was 100% of seedling survival. Acclimatization substrates did not differ among themselves and, therefore, they did not affect seedling growth.
Uso da subirrigação para imposição de estresse hídrico em sistema semi-contínuo para medição de CO2
Authors: Ferrarezi Rhuanito Soranz , Van Iersel Marc W. , Testezlaf Roberto
Published: September 2015

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of distinct moisture contents to trigger subirrigation on salvia photosynthesis and plant growth, and to verify the feasibility of subirrigation use in water stress imposition research in this crop. We evaluated two substrate volumetric water contents (VWC) as treatments (0.2 and 0.4 m3 m-3) to trigger subirrigation, with 4 replications. Each replication was composed of 10 plants. An automated semi-continuous multi-chamber crop CO2-exchange system was used, with capacitance soil moisture sensors for continuous moisture monitoring. Manual subirrigation with nutrient solution was performed when VWC dropped below the thresholds. In both treatments, the values of net photosynthesis, daily carbon gain and carbon use efficiency reduced over time, from 2 to 1.1 μmol s-1 from 2.2 to 1 μmol d-1 from 0.7 to 0.45 mol mol-1, respectively, in both soil moisture treatments. Total shoot dry mass (p=0.0129), shoot height in the tip of the highest flower (p<0.0001) and total leaf area (p=0.0007) were statistically higher at 0.4 m3 m-3 treatment. The subirrigation system was not efficient to impose water stress, due to excessive variation on VWC values after each irrigation event in both treatments. Higher soil moisture promoted positive plant growth responses in salvia cultivated by subirrigation.
Analysis of perceptions of auditors/chartered accountants’ on selected Indian accounting standards
Authors: Viswanathan Bharathan , Joseph Robinson , Thomas Philip , Elumalai Sambasivan
Published: September 2015

Indian accounting standards are not only principle based but also based on users’ perceived ethical notions on professional ethics and compliance with professional code of conduct that are issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).Codes of conduct for accountants give guidelines for proper behavior in the profession. The present study attempts to understand the perceptions of practicing auditors and professional Chartered Accountants (CAs) on the Indian accounting Standards and adherence to the professional code of conduct issued by the ICAI. The study is based on a survey conducted among a sample of qualified CAs. On the basis of the findings, the study concluded that ethical accounting standards are fundamentally necessary for accountants to produce quality financial reports free from material misstatements.
Ethylsulphate-Based Ionic Liquids in the Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Pyrrole and Pyridine from Isododecane at 298.15 K
Authors: Hazim Chan Nurshakirin , Farzana Hizaddin Hanee , Anantharaj Ramalingam , Banerjee Tamal
Published: September 2015

Ternary liquid-liquid equilibria for four systems containing ionic liquids {1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate ([EMIM][EtSO4]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethylsulphate ([EMPY][EtSO4])}(1)+pyrrole/pyridine(2)+isododecane (3) have been determined at 298.15 K. The solute distribution coefficient and selectivity were calculated from experimental LLE data. All systems showed high distribution coefficient and selectivity values at the entire range of pyrrole or pyridine in feed. The consistency of experimental data was ascertained by applying the Othmer-Tobias and hand equations. Furthermore, the experimental LLE data have been compared and correlated using COSMO-RS, NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The influence of aromatic structure without inside ring of cation has a significant role on denitrification process at 298.15 K.
Mechanical and Electrochemical Characterization of Super-Solidus Sintered Austenitic Stainless Steel (316L)
Authors: Muthuchamy A. , Raja Annamalai A. , Ranka Rishabh
Published: September 2015

The present study compares the mechanical and electrochemical behaviour of austenitic (AISI 316L) stainless steel compacted at various pressures (200, 400 and 600 MPa) and conventionally sintered at super-solidus temperature of 1,400°C. The electrochemical behaviour was investigated in 0.1 N H2SO4 solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The shrinkage decreased and densification has been increased with increasing pressure. The mechanical and electrochemical behaviour with pressure has been correlated with densification response and microstructure (pore type, volume and morphology). Highest densification (~92% theoretical) achieved at 600 MPa (compaction pressure) and 1,400°C (sintering temperature) resulted in excellent combination of tensile strength and ductility (456 ± 40 MPa, 25 ± 1.1%), while showing excellent corrosion resistance (0.1 mmpy or 4.7 mpy).
Temperature Analysis of the Water Supply System of a Dairy Company by Means of a Simulation Model
Authors: Marchini Davide , Rinaldi Marta , Montanari Roberto , Bottani Eleonora , Solari Federico
Published: September 2015

This paper builds upon the study by Marchini et al. (2014, International Journal of Food Engineering, pp. 557–571) and represents the second part of a research project whose general aim was to analyse and optimize, through simulation, the water distribution system of a dairy company. In the first paper, the authors focused on finding opportunities for recycling water in the distribution system of the targeted company, i.e. a dairy company located near Parma (Italy) and manufacturing Parmigiano Reggiano cheese and butter. In this work, we go ahead by analysing the thermal properties (such as, primarily, the temperature) of the water used inside the distribution system and of that discharged. To this purpose, we add the relevant thermal equations to the MS ExcelTM simulation model developed in the first study. The resulting model is able to derive the temperature trend of water inside all the tanks of the distribution system. Situations where the temperature of the water used for rinsing is higher than the maximum allowed value of approx. 25°C are also highlighted and suggestions for improvement are proposed.
Prosody, phonological domains and the structure of roots, stems and words in the Munda languages in a comparative/historical light
Authors: Anderson Gregory D. S.
Published: September 2015

Munda languages reveal competing word-level vs. phrase-level domains with respect to prosody, with weak-strong vs. strong-weak patterns, respectively. The prosodically strong syllable at the word-level is a root element that reflects cognacy across the family, while the word-frames they are embedded in frequently do not. Such a pattern of cognate roots and non-cognate word-frames is attested across the Austroasiatic phylum. The types of word-frames that such roots are embedded in reflect traces of a once-active system of semantically transparent prefixation or noun class marking, in addition to now mainly frozen systems of noun-verb stem compounding or noun incorporation. Word-level prosody in Munda is archaic, while phrase-level prosodic features are secondary and reflect local South Asian norms.
A new numerical scheme for the CIR process
Authors: Halidias Nikolaos
Published: September 2015

In this paper we generalize an explicit numerical scheme for the CIR process that we have proposed before.
The advantage of the new proposed scheme is that preserves positivity and is well posed for a (little bit) broader set of parameters among the positivity preserving schemes. The order of convergence is at least logarithmic in general and for a smaller set of parameters is at least 1/4.
“Life is Short, the Art is Long”: An Interpretation of the First Hippocratic Aphorism by an East Syriac Monk in the 7th Century Iraq (Isaac of Nineveh, Kephalaia gnostica 3,62)
Authors: Kessel Grigory
Published: September 2015

The so-called Second Part of monastic writings composed by the 7th century East Syriac author Isaac of Nineveh contains a paraphrased citation from the famous beginning of Hippocrates’ Aphorismoi. The article tackles the issue of Isaac’s awareness of the aphorism and tries to reconstruct its interpretation by the author. Though medical texts were available in the East Syriac monastic milieu of that time, it is not likely that Isaac had at his disposal a complete Syriac translation of the Aphorismoi, but rather his acquaintance with the aphorism was mediated by a source that would more likely have been read in monastic context. A good example offers the treatise De anima by the early 5th century monastic author John the Solitary, whose works exercised profound influence upon the entire East Syriac monastic tradition, including Isaac of Nineveh. The given case of a monastic interpretation of a piece of secular wisdom is an illustrative showcase that provides an opportunity to observe a particular sensitivity of the Syriac tradition to medicine and its power to embed it within an appropriate context.
„Wahrheit ist Gott“: Hl. Isaak von Ninive über die Lektüre der Eremiten
Authors: Bumazhnov Dmitrij F.
Published: September 2015

The article analyses two texts by Isaac of Nineveh (7th century) where he speaks explicitly about various kinds of literature apt or unapt for reading by hermits. Focusing on the general context of these statements in the Eastern Syriac monasticism of the time in question and especially on their significance in the works of Isaac the article explores Isaac of Nineveh’s attitude towards reading and education of hermits. Special attention is paid to the problem of monastic controversies concerning religious matters and to Isaac’s attempts of settling them
Comparison of Object Recognition Behavior in Human and Monkey
Authors: Rajalingham Rishi , Schmidt Kailyn , DiCarlo James J.
Published: September 2015

Although the rhesus monkey is used widely as an animal model of human visual processing, it is not known whether invariant visual object recognition behavior is quantitatively comparable across monkeys and humans. To address this question, we systematically compared the core object recognition behavior of two monkeys with that of human subjects. To test true object recognition behavior (rather than image matching), we generated several thousand naturalistic synthetic images of 24 basic-level objects with high variation in viewing parameters and image background. Monkeys were trained to perform binary object recognition tasks on a match-to-sample paradigm. Data from 605 human subjects performing the same tasks on Mechanical Turk were aggregated to characterize “pooled human” object recognition behavior, as well as 33 separate Mechanical Turk subjects to characterize individual human subject behavior. Our results show that monkeys learn each new object in a few days, after which they not only match mean human performance but show a pattern of object confusion that is highly correlated with pooled human confusion patterns and is statistically indistinguishable from individual human subjects. Importantly, this shared human and monkey pattern of 3D object confusion is not shared with low-level visual representations (pixels, V1+; models of the retina and primary visual cortex) but is shared with a state-of-the-art computer vision feature representation. Together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that rhesus monkeys and humans share a common neural shape representation that directly supports object perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo date, several mammalian species have shown promise as animal models for studying the neural mechanisms underlying high-level visual processing in humans. In light of this diversity, making tight comparisons between nonhuman and human primates is particularly critical in determining the best use of nonhuman primates to further the goal of the field of translating knowledge gained from animal models to humans. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic attempt at comparing a high-level visual behavior of humans and macaque monkeys.
Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Glaucoma via Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptor Activation
Authors: Cueva Vargas Jorge L. , Osswald Ingrid K. , Unsain Nicolas , Aurousseau Mark R. , Barker Philip A. , Bowie Derek , Di Polo Adriana
Published: September 2015

Loss of vision in glaucoma results from the selective death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signaling has been linked to RGC damage, however, the mechanism by which TNFα promotes neuronal death remains poorly defined. Using anin vivorat glaucoma model, we show that TNFα is upregulated by Müller cells and microglia/macrophages soon after induction of ocular hypertension. Administration of XPro1595, a selective inhibitor of soluble TNFα, effectively protects RGC soma and axons. Using cobalt permeability assays, we further demonstrate that endogenous soluble TNFα triggers the upregulation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor (CP-AMPAR) expression in RGCs of glaucomatous eyes. CP-AMPAR activation is not caused by defects in GluA2 subunit mRNA editing, but rather reflects selective downregulation of GluA2 in neurons exposed to elevated eye pressure. Intraocular administration of selective CP-AMPAR blockers promotes robust RGC survival supporting a critical role for non-NMDA glutamate receptors in neuronal death. Our study identifies glia-derived soluble TNFα as a major inducer of RGC death through activation of CP-AMPARs, thereby establishing a novel link between neuroinflammation and cell loss in glaucoma.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) has been implicated in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, but how TNFα exerts this effect is poorly understood. We report that ocular hypertension, a major risk factor in glaucoma, upregulates TNFα production by Müller cells and microglia. Inhibition of soluble TNFα using a dominant-negative strategy effectively promotes RGC survival. We find that TNFα stimulates the expression of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPAR) in RGCs, a response that does not depend on abnormal GluA2 mRNA editing but on selective downregulation of the GluA2 subunit by these neurons. Consistent with this, CP-AMPAR blockers promote robust RGC survival supporting a critical role for non-NMDA glutamate receptors in glaucomatous damage. This study identifies a novel mechanism by which glia-derived soluble TNFα modulates neuronal death in glaucoma.
Oligodendrocyte Regeneration and CNS Remyelination Require TACE/ADAM17
Authors: Palazuelos Javier , Klingener Michael , Raines Elaine W. , Crawford Howard C. , Aguirre Adan
Published: September 2015

The identification of the molecular network that supports oligodendrocyte (OL) regeneration under demyelinating conditions has been a primary goal for regenerative medicine in demyelinating disorders. We recently described an essential function for TACE/ADAM17 in regulating oligodendrogenesis during postnatal myelination, but it is unknown whether this protein also plays a role in OL regeneration and remyelination under demyelinating conditions. By using genetic mouse models to achieve selective gain- or loss-of-function of TACE or EGFR in OL lineage cellsin vivo, we found that TACE is critical for EGFR activation in OLs following demyelination, and therefore, for sustaining OL regeneration and CNS remyelination. TACE deficiency in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following demyelination disturbs OL lineage cell expansion and survival, leading to a delay in the remyelination process. EGFR overexpression in TACE deficient OLsin vivorestores OL development and postnatal CNS myelination, but also OL regeneration and CNS remyelination following demyelination. Our study reveals an essential function of TACE in supporting OL regeneration and CNS remyelination that may contribute to the design of new strategies for therapeutic intervention in demyelinating disorders by promoting oligodendrocyte regeneration and myelin repair.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOligodendrocyte (OL) regeneration has emerged as a promising new approach for the treatment of demyelinating disorders. By using genetic mouse models to selectively delete TACE expression in oligodendrocyte progenitors cells (OPs), we found that TACE/ADAM17 is required for supporting OL regeneration following demyelination. TACE genetic depletion in OPs abrogates EGFR activation in OL lineage cells, and perturbs cell expansion and survival, blunting the process of CNS remyelination. Moreover, EGFR overexpression in TACE-deficient OPsin vivoovercomes the defects in OL development during postnatal development but also OL regeneration during CNS remyelination. Our study identifies TACE as an essential player in OL regeneration that may provide new insights in the development of new strategies for promoting myelin repair in demyelinating disorders.
Non-Ionotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling Drives Activity-Induced Dendritic Spine Shrinkage
Authors: Stein Ivar S. , Gray John A. , Zito Karen
Published: September 2015

The elimination of dendritic spine synapses is a critical step in the refinement of neuronal circuits during development of the cerebral cortex. Several studies have shown that activity-induced shrinkage and retraction of dendritic spines depend on activation of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR), which leads to influx of extracellular calcium ions and activation of calcium-dependent phosphatases that modify regulators of the spine cytoskeleton, suggesting that influx of extracellular calcium ions drives spine shrinkage. Intriguingly, a recent report revealed a novel non-ionotropic function of the NMDAR in the regulation of synaptic strength, which relies on glutamate binding but is independent of ion flux through the receptor (Nabavi et al., 2013). Here, we tested whether non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling could also play a role in driving structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Using two-photon glutamate uncaging and time-lapse imaging of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons, we show that low-frequency glutamatergic stimulation results in shrinkage of dendritic spines even in the presence of the NMDARd-serine/glycine binding site antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7CK), which fully blocks NMDAR-mediated currents and Ca2+transients. Notably, application of 7CK or MK-801 also converts spine enlargement resulting from a high-frequency uncaging stimulus into spine shrinkage, demonstrating that strong Ca2+influx through the NMDAR normally overcomes a non-ionotropic shrinkage signal to drive spine growth. Our results support a model in which NMDAR signaling, independent of ion flux, drives structural shrinkage at spiny synapses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDendritic spine elimination is vital for the refinement of neural circuits during development and has been linked to improvements in behavioral performance in the adult. Spine shrinkage and elimination have been widely accepted to depend on Ca2+influx through NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) in conjunction with long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength. Here, we use two-photon glutamate uncaging and time-lapse imaging to show that non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling can drive shrinkage of dendritic spines, independent of NMDAR-mediated Ca2+influx. Signaling through p38 MAPK was required for this activity-dependent spine shrinkage. Our results provide fundamental new insights into the signaling mechanisms that support experience-dependent changes in brain structure.
The impact of CLAUDIN-1 on follicular thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness
Authors: Zwanziger Denise , Badziong Julia , Ting Saskia , Moeller Lars Christian , Schmid Kurt Werner , Siebolts Udo , Wickenhauser Claudia , Dralle Henning , Fuehrer Dagmar
Published: September 2015

CLAUDIN-1 belongs to the family of transmembrane tight junction proteins tightening the paracellular cleft of epithelial cells. In human malignancies, CLAUDIN-1 is often dysregulated and located in subcellular compartments, particularly in the nucleus where it may influence cellular behaviour. Here, we studied CLAUDIN-1 in relation to the biological characteristics of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). CLAUDIN-1 immuno-staining showed loss of membrane expression and increased nuclear CLAUDIN-1 localization in FTC metastases. CLAUDIN-1 function was further investigated in two different follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines: FTC-133 isolated from a regional lymph node metastasis and FTC-238 derived from a lung metastasis. In both cell lines CLAUDIN-1 expression was demonstrated in the cell nuclei with a significantly higher protein expression in FTC-238 compared to FTC-133 cells. Interestingly, in vitro scratch assay revealed enriched nuclear CLAUDIN-1 expression near the scratch. Furthermore, the increase of the pathogenic character of FTC-133 cells by RASV12 transfection was associated with elevated CLAUDIN-1 expression and enhanced cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Likewise over-expression of nuclear CLAUDIN-1 in FTC-133 cells resulted in increased cell migration and invasion. Conversely, CLAUDIN-1 downregulation in FTC-238 cells by siRNA resulted in decreased cell migration and invasion and was accompanied by reduced phosphoPKC expression. Moreover, activation and inhibition of PKC resulted in CLAUDIN-1 up- and downregulation in FTC cells respectively. These data suggest an impact of CLAUDIN-1 on follicular thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness, which could potentially be influenced by PKC activity.
Metformin attenuates olanzapine-induced hepatic, but not peripheral insulin resistance
Authors: Remington Gary J , Teo Celine , Wilson Virginia , Chintoh Araba , Guenette Melanie , Ahsan Zohra , Giacca Adria , Hahn Margaret K
Published: September 2015

Antipsychotics (APs) are linked to diabetes, even without weight gain. Whether anti-diabetic drugs are efficacious in reversing the direct effects of APs on glucose pathways is largely undetermined. We tested two metformin (Met) doses to prevent impairments seen following a dose of olanzapine (Ola) (3 mg/kg); glucokinetics were measured using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HIEC). Met (150 mg/kg;n=13, or 400 mg/kg;n=11) or vehicle (Veh) (n=11) was administered through gavage preceding an overnight fast, followed by a second dose prior to the HIEC. Eleven additional animals were gavaged with Veh and received a Veh injection during the HIEC (Veh/Veh); all others received Ola. Basal glucose was similar across treatment groups. The Met 400 group had significantly greater glucose appearance (Ra) in the basal period (i.e., before Ola, or hyperinsulinemia) vs other groups. During hyperinsulinemia, glucose infusion rate (GINF) to maintain euglycemia (reflective of whole-body insulin sensitivity) was higher in Veh/Veh vs other groups. Met 150/Ola animals demonstrated increased GINF relative to Veh/Ola during early time points of the HIEC. Glucose utilization during hyperinsulinemia, relative to basal conditions, was significantly higher in Veh/Veh vs other groups. The change in hepatic glucose production (HGP) from basal to hyperinsulinemia demonstrated significantly greater decreases in Veh/Veh and Met 150/Ola groups vs Veh/Ola. Given the increase in basal Rawith Met 400, we measured serum lactate (substrate for HGP), finding increased levels in Met 400 vs Veh and Met 150. In conclusion, Met attenuates hepatic insulin resistance observed with acute Ola administration, but fails to improve peripheral insulin resistance. Use of supra-therapeutic doses of Met may mask metabolic benefits by increasing lactate.
Epigenetic Profiling Identifies Novel Genes for Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Formation with Bicuspid Aortic Valves
Authors: Shah Asad A
Published: September 2015

Background:  Bicuspid aortic valves predispose to ascending aortic aneurysms, but the mechanisms underlying this aortopathy remain incompletely characterized.  We sought to identify epigenetic pathways predisposing to aneurysm formation in bicuspid patients.

Methods:  Ascending aortic aneurysm tissue samples were collected at the time of aortic replacement in subjects with bicuspid and trileaflet aortic valves.  Genome-wide DNA methylation status was determined on DNA from tissue using the Illumina 450K methylation chip, and gene expression was profiled on the same samples using Illumina Whole-Genome DASL arrays.  Gene methylation and expression were compared between bicuspid and trileaflet individuals using an unadjusted Wilcoxon rank sum test.  

Results:  Twenty-seven probes in 9 genes showed significant differential methylation and expression (P<5.5x10-4).  The top gene was protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), which was hypermethylated (delta beta range: +15.4 to +16.0%) and underexpressed (log 2 gene expression intensity: bicuspid 5.1 vs. trileaflet 7.9, P=2x10-5) in bicuspid patients, as compared to tricuspid patients.  Numerous genes involved in cardiovascular development were also differentially methylated, but not differentially expressed, including ACTA2 (4 probes, delta beta range:  -10.0 to -22.9%), which when mutated causes the syndrome of familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections

Conclusions:  Using an integrated, unbiased genomic approach, we have identified novel genes associated with ascending aortic aneurysms in patients with bicuspid aortic valves, modulated through epigenetic mechanisms.  The top gene was PTPN22, which is involved in T-cell receptor signaling and associated with various immune disorders.  These differences highlight novel potential mechanisms of aneurysm development in the bicuspid population.
Open Distal Anastomosis Technique for Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Repair without Cerebral Perfusion
Authors: Kaplan Mehmet , Temur Bahar , Can Tolga , Abay Gunseli , Olsun Adlan , Aydogan Hakki
Published: September 2015

Background: This study aimed to report the outcomes of patients who underwent proximal thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery with open distal anastomosis technique but without cerebral perfusion, instead under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Methods: Thirty patients (21 male, 9 female) who underwent ascending aortic aneurysm repair with open distal anastomosis technique were included. The average age was 60.2±11.7 years. Operations were performed under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and the cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass was first done over the aneurysmatic segment and then moved over the graft. Intraoperative and early postoperative mortality and morbidity outcomes were reported.

Results: Average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamps were 210.8±43 and 154.9±35.4 minutes, respectively. Average duration of total circulatory arrest was 25.2±2.4 minutes. There was one hospital death (3.3%) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at postoperative day 22. No neurological dysfunction was observed during the postoperative period.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that open distal anastomosis under less than 30 minutes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest without antegrade or retrograde cerebral perfusion and cannulation of the aneurysmatic segment is a safe and reliable procedure in patients undergoing proximal thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery.

 
The Suramadu Bridge Affair: Un-bridging the State and the Kyai in New Order Madura
Authors: Pribadi Yanwar
Published: September 2015

This paper by and large explores state-society relations and for the most part discusses the Indonesian government’s plans to ‘modernize’ Madura during the New Order administration and how a number of kyai responded to these plans. Specifically, it is concerned with a conflict between the state and the kyai in the Suramadu Bridge Affair, particularly in the rejection of the industrialization scheme by the Kyai of Bassra. An obvious aspect that can be highlighted from the conflict is the inability of state officials, especially at regional levels, to cope with the high expectations of the central government. Another central aspect underlined is the undemocratic approach of the government towards the implementation of its plans. The government’s plans to ‘modernize’ Madura eventually created resistance among some segments in society, and they made use of, among other things, Islamic symbols in resisting the government’s plans.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i2.1919
Poet in an Islamic Community: Cultural and Social Activities of Acep Zamzam Noor in Tasikmalaya, West Java
Authors: Moriyama Mikihiro
Published: September 2015

This article brings out the significance of social leader in the time of socio-political change in Indonesia since Soeharto left office in 1998 by describing and analyzing the projects and writings including poems of Acep Zamzam Noor (born in 1960), an activist and poet based in the Pesantren Cipasung (Cipasung Islamic school complex) in Tasikmalaya, West Java. He is respected not by his Islamic knowledge based on learning books, rather by his faith to God and deed based on his own experience. Acep’s oppositional stance in relation to political and religious authorities is manifest in various public projects including political parody and cultural activities in the local community. These respective projects constituted bases for the respect and support from which the institution of the social leader derives its significance in Islamic communities in Indonesia. This article adds to the literature by describing and analyzing an important stand of religious authority.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i2.1920
Acceso y uso de los dispositivos portátiles de la población estudiantil de primaria a bachillerato: Estudio de caso en Ensenada, México
Authors: Organista Sandoval Javier , Serrano Santoyo Arturo
Published: September 2015

El artículo identifica los principales dispositivos portátiles e Internet que disponen los estudiantes de Educación Primaria, Secundaria y Bachillerato en Ensenada, México y se determina la frecuencia y restricción de su uso en los espacios escolares. Se construyó un indicador de nivel socio-tecnológico (NST) con base en siete variables asociadas con posesiones tecnológicas y servicios en la vivienda para ubicar a estudiantes adscritos a escuelas con NST alto y bajo. Estas variables se recuperaron de la información demográfica publicada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Se desarrolló una encuesta para recuperar información general de los estudiantes, de sus posesiones  tecnológicas, del contexto de uso, entre otros. La encuesta se aplicó a 1972 estudiantes de las escuelas seleccionadas. La posesión de Internet en el NST alto fue mayor al 90% en todos los niveles, mientras que en el NST bajo de Educación Primaria apenas llega a 57%. Los resultados muestran una cobertura superior al 90% en cuanto a computadora y teléfono celular, el mayor porcentaje de posesión de tabletas (46%) corresponde a estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Al comparar las posesiones tecnológicas de los estudiantes en el NST alto y bajo, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en cuanto a la posesión de equipo de cómputo y tabletas. Se destaca que la mayoría de los estudiantes lleva su teléfono a la escuela, sin embargo, se prohíbe su uso. Los hallazgos muestran que 2 de cada 5 estudiantes cuentan con los tres dispositivos. Esta condición anticipa una generación de estudiantes con mayores recursos tecnológicos y con posibilidad de apoyar sus estudios.  
Modelo de educación holística: Una propuesta para la formación del ser humano
Authors: Gluyas Fitch Rosa Isela , Esparza Parga Rodrigo , Romero Sánchez María Del Carmen , Rubio Barrios Julio Ernesto
Published: September 2015

Este ensayo se propone plantear una aproximación al Modelo de Educación Holística (MEH) aplicado a la enseñanza de las artes, con el fin de lograr su incorporación formal en los modelos educativos desde una perspectiva cocurricular. Para lo anterior se realizó una investigación documental por medio de la selección, revisión y análisis de diversos autores sobre la concepción de la formación holística como eje del desarrollo del ser humano. Los resultados muestran que la visión integral de la persona y del mundo en el que ésta se desarrolla, orienta a las instituciones educativas en el diseño de un currículum holístico, con la incorporación de la enseñanza de las artes para que el estudiante identifique, analice, aborde, examine y viva con intensidad cada una de las relaciones existentes entre las esferas de la vida humana. Las conclusiones señalan que la educación que ha de ser impartida tiene que poseer una visión holística del estudiante para establecer una vinculación con otras esferas nunca o poco abordadas en los contextos de aprendizaje, y la formación artística tiene el potencial para desarrollar la dimensión sensible de la persona para recrear su interacción con el mundo en busca del bienestar de la humanidad.
La transferencia de investigación en instituciones de educación superior mediante spin-off
Authors: Castillo-Vergara Mauricio , Alvarez-Marin Alejandro
Published: September 2015

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la situación actual respecto al concepto de Spin-Off en Chile como mecanismo que las universidades pueden utilizar para transferir resultados de la investigación pública en el sistema económico. Si bien, se reconoce la importancia en cuanto a la innovación y el emprendimiento, para el desarrollo de universidades emprendedoras, las Spin-Offs no han sido estimuladas desde las universidades. El ensayo se centra en contextualizar el desarrollo de Spin-Off en otros países de Norteamérica y Europa y enfatizar los factores que han permitido su nacimiento, crecimiento y principales resultados en dichas naciones. Su objetivo principal es identificar y proporcionar orientaciones para estimular el desarrollo de Spin-Off universitarias en el país. Se concluye que los modelos de negocio son importantes para comercializar los resultados de investigación, así como el papel que juega el equipo investigador, debiendo considerarse estrategias para fomentar las capacidades propias de este equipo, más allá del perfil técnico. Chile, tiene una gran oportunidad de liderar el desarrollo de esta línea de crecimiento en Latinoamérica, tomando como experiencia los casos internacionales.
Visión del “trabajo docente”, de profesores en formación, a partir del uso de incidentes críticos
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Gerardo Ignacio , Jara Amigo Ximena Elizabeth
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo se enfoca en la visión inicial que construyen 50 estudiantes de carreras de Pedagogía Media sobre su trabajo docente, a partir de sus prácticas pedagógicas en aula. Los resultados evidencian que las dimensiones más complejas de la docencia son: la relación con los estudiantes del medio escolar, la evaluación del aprendizaje y la cultura escolar. En ese escenario exigen a la institución universitaria la implementación de experiencias prácticas tempranas que los enfrente a los desafíos de la realidad educativa, para que las capacidades, procedimientos y esquemas de acción establecidos desde la teoría tenga sentido, y favorezca así la relación teoría – práctica. Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo, la técnica utilizada para recoger la información es el Incidente Crítico, a partir del análisis de la Teoría Fundamentada. La investigación se desarrolló en el campus regional de una universidad, ubicada a 200 millas al sur de Santiago de Chile.
Fishes of the Grijalva River basin of Mexico and Guatemala
Authors: Gómez-González Adán Enrique , Velázquez-Velázquez Ernesto , Anzueto-Calvo Manuel De Jesús , Maza-Cruz Maritza Fabiola
Published: September 2015

The Grijalva River basin is one of the largest hydrological systems in Central America. Despite its importance, an inventory of its ichthyofauna remains incomplete. We provide a systematic checklist of fishes recorded in the Grijalva River basin based on surveys performed from 2002 to 2015. The systematic list includes 92 species, belonging to 13 orders, 25 families and 50 genera, of which 83 species are native and nine are exotics. This checklist includes three range expansions (Profundulus hildebrandi, Poecilia sphenops and Paraneetroplus hartwegi). Fifteen species are endemic to the basin. The most diverse families are Cichlidae and Poeciliidae with 25 and 23 species, respectively. Secondary freshwater fish diversity is high with 65.1%, the remaining species are primary freshwater (13.3%) and peripheral (21.7%) fishes.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) from meadows of Vinogradovsky District, Arkhangelsk Region, northern European Russia, with notes on recent intense expansion of the southern species to the north
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Bochneva Irina A. , Podbolotskaya Marina V. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu. , Spitsyn Vitaly M.
Published: September 2015

The Vinogradovsky District is located at the center of the Arkhangelsk Region, one of the largest federal subjects of Northern European Russia. Boreal spruce forests are the prevalent ecosystem type in this area, but large expanses of agricultural land and herb-grass meadows are also presented there. Based on the studies of 1,699 specimens collected from three meadow sites during period 2011–2013, we provide the first data on the butterfly fauna of the district, which include 56 species, belonging to 35 genera and 5 families. Our data reveal an intense northward expansion of many southern butterfly species to the Arkhangelsk Region, including migrants (Pontia edusa, Issoria lathonia, Vanessa atalanta and Vanessa cardui) and species that have established resident populations there (Pararge aegeria, Nymphalis xanthomelas, Aglais io, Lycaena dispar, Cupido alcetas). Quantitative data on species diversity and phenology of butterflies are reported, including analysis of structure of butterfly assemblages and their seasonal changes.