bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature Self‐Healing Soft Composite Network with Unprecedented Crack Propagation Resistance Enabled by a Supramolecular Assembled Lamellar Structure
Authors: Xu JianHua , Li YuKun , Liu Tong , Wang Dong , Sun FuYao , Hu Po , Wang Lin , Chen JiaoYang , Wang XueBin , Yao BoWen , Fu JiaJun
Published: March 2023

Soft self‐healing materials are compelling candidates for stretchable devices because of their excellent compliance, extensibility, and self‐restorability. However, most existing soft self‐healing polymers suffer from crack propagation and irreversible fatigue failure due to easy breakage of their dynamic amorphous, low‐energy polymer networks. Herein, inspired by distinct structure–property relationship of biological tissues, a supramolecular interfacial assembly strategy of preparing soft self‐healing composites with unprecedented crack propagation resistance is proposed by structurally engineering preferentially aligned lamellar structures within a dynamic and superstretchable poly(urea‐ureathane) matrix (which is elongated to 24 750× its original length). Such a design affords a world‐record fracture energy (501.6 kJ m−2), ultrahigh fatigue threshold (4064.1 J m−2), and outstanding elastic restorability (dimensional recovery from 13 times elongation), and preserving low modulus (1.2 MPa), high stretchability (3200%), and high room‐temperature self‐healing efficiency (97%). Thereby, the resultant composite represents the best of its kind and even surpasses most biological tissues. The lamellar 2D transition‐metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) structure also leads to a relatively high in‐plane thermal conductivity, enabling composites as stretchable thermoconductive skins applied in joints of robotics to thermal dissipation. The present work illustrates a viable approach how autonomous self‐healing, crack tolerance, and fatigue resistance can be merged in future material design.
Nanomedicine for T‐Cell Mediated Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Ouyang Jiang , Chen Zuqin , Zhou Ziran , Milon Essola Julien , Ali Barkat , Wu Xinyue , Zhu Mengliang , Guo Weisheng , Liang Xing‐Jie
Published: March 2023

T‐cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T‐cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T‐cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T‐cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T‐cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T‐cell immunotherapy. Here, how T‐cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T‐cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T‐cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T‐cell immunotherapy.
Key Parameters in Phototherapy with Gold Nanorods Using Continuous Near Infrared Radiation
Authors: Freitas Sara C. , Belo João H. , Granja Andreia , Canhota Miguel , Silva Ana S. , Reis Salette , Crespo Helder , Araújo João P. , Sousa Célia T.
Published: March 2023

As nanoparticle formulations move toward human clinical trials in photothermal cancer therapy (PTT), the influence of individual key parameters on the heating efficacy must be thoroughly assessed. This work reports a systematic study on the heating performance of gold nanorods during exposure to near‐infrared radiation, evaluating the influence of nanorods concentration, total volume, laser output power, and spot area. Interestingly, the lowest concentration tested (24 µg mL−1) shows the most promising results with a SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) value of 24.6 kW gAu−1 for the highest laser power (0.8 W), spot area (0.4 cm2), volume (1 mL). The laser output power and concentration proved to be the key parameters in global heating of the sample. The cuvette's optical path length also proves to be an important parameter given that there is a threshold concentration value beyond which no significant improvement will be observed, and the higher gold mass will play a detrimental role suppressing SAR values. It is experimentally demonstrated that the multi‐parameter exploration can lead to a finer control of the performance in PTT, opening a pathway for efficient heating of low nanoparticle concentrations.
DDRGK1 Enhances Osteosarcoma Chemoresistance via Inhibiting KEAP1‐Mediated NRF2 Ubiquitination
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhou Tangjun , Yang Xiao , Cao Xiankun , Jin Gu , Zhang Pu , Guo Jiadong , Rong Kewei , Li Baixing , Hu Yibin , Liu Kexin , Ma Peixiang , Qin An , Zhao Jie
Published: March 2023

Chemoresistance is the main obstacle in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, it is discovered that DDRGK domain‐containing protein 1 (DDRGK1) plays a fundamental role in chemoresistance induced in OS. Bioinformatic and tissue analyses indicate that higher expression of DDRGK1 correlates with advanced tumor stage and poor clinical prognosis of OS. Quantitative proteomic analyses suggest that DDRGK1 plays a critical role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. DDRGK1 knockout trigger the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuate the stability of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), a major antioxidant response element. Furthermore, DDRGK1 inhibits ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradation of NRF2 via competitive binding to the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) protein, which recruits NRF2 to CULLIN(CUL3). DDRGK1 knockout attenuates NRF2 stability, contributing to ROS accumulation, which promotes apoptosis and enhanced chemosensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide in cancer cells. Indeed, DDRGK1 knockout significantly enhances osteosarcoma chemosensitivity to DOX in vivo. The combination of DDRGK1 knockdown and DOX treatment provides a promising new avenue for the effective treatment of OS.
Gut Microbiota is Associated with Aging‐Related Processes of a Small Mammal Species under High‐Density Crowding Stress
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Li Guoliang , Zhang Da , Zhu Hanyi , Liu Guang‐hui , Zhang Zhibin
Published: March 2023

Humans and animals frequently encounter high‐density crowding stress, which may accelerate their aging processes; however, the roles of gut microbiota in the regulation of aging‐related processes under high‐density crowding stress remain unclear. In the present study, it is found that high housing density remarkably increases the stress hormone (corticosterone), accelerates aging‐related processes as indicated by telomere length (in brain and liver cells) and DNA damage or inflammation (as revealed by tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐10 levels), and reduces the lifespan of Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Fecal microbiota transplantation from donor voles of habitats with different housing densities induces similar changes in aging‐related processes in recipient voles. The elimination of high housing density or butyric acid administration delays the appearance of aging‐related markers in the brain and liver cells of voles housed at high‐density. This study suggests that gut microorganisms may play a significant role in regulating the density‐dependent aging‐related processes and subsequent population dynamics of animals, and can be used as potential targets for alleviating stress‐related aging in humans exposed to high‐density crowding stress.
Spatiotemporal Characterization of Human Early Intervertebral Disc Formation at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Zhou Taifeng , Chen Yu , Liao Zhiheng , Zhang Long , Su Deying , Li Zhuling , Yang Xiaoming , Ke Xiaona , Liu Hengyu , Chen Yuyu , Weng Ricong , Shen Huimin , Xu Caixia , Wan Yong , Xu Ren , Su Peiqiang
Published: March 2023

The intervertebral disc (IVD) acts as a fibrocartilaginous joint to anchor adjacent vertebrae. Although several studies have demonstrated the cellular heterogeneity of adult mature IVDs, a single‐cell transcriptomic atlas mapping early IVD formation is still lacking. Here, the authors generate a spatiotemporal and single cell‐based transcriptomic atlas of human IVD formation at the embryonic stage and a comparative mouse transcript landscape. They identify two novel human notochord (NC)/nucleus pulposus (NP) clusters, SRY‐box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)+ and cathepsin K (CTSK)+, that are distributed in the early and late stages of IVD formation and they are validated by lineage tracing experiments in mice. Matrisome NC/NP clusters, T‐box transcription factor T (TBXT)+ and CTSK+, are responsible for the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The IVD atlas suggests that a subcluster of the vertebral chondrocyte subcluster might give rise to an inner annulus fibrosus of chondrogenic origin, while the fibroblastic outer annulus fibrosus preferentially expresseds transgelin and fibromodulin . Through analyzing intercellular crosstalk, the authors further find that notochordal secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a novel cue in the IVD microenvironment, and it is associated with IVD development and degeneration. In conclusion, the single‐cell transcriptomic atlas will be leveraged to develop preventative and regenerative strategies for IVD degeneration.
Determine the Complete Configuration of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by One Photograph of Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Yu Yue , Zhao Yifan , Li Shouheng , Zhao Chao , Liu Weiming , Wang Shanshan , Ding Feng , Zhang Jin
Published: March 2023

Developing a convenient method to determine the complete structure of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is important to achieve the fully controlled growth of this nanomaterial. However, approaches that can identify handedness at the atomic level with simple equipment, operation, and data analysis are still lacking. Here, the SWNTs/graphene (Gr) vertical heterostructures are artificially constructed with aligned interfaces to realize the lattice interpretation of SWNT upper and lower walls separately by only one transmission electron microscopy image, thus transforming the 3D handedness information to projected 2D space. Gr displays prominent out‐of‐plane deformation at the interface, promoting the energetic advantage for the aligned interface construction. The interfacial alignment between the SWNT and Gr shows no obvious dependence on either the helical angle or diameter of SWNTs. The half‐wrapping of SWNTs by deformed Gr also triggers diversified alterations in electronic structures based on theoretical calculations. 27 specimens with SWNTs prepared by two disparate methods are examined, implying equal handedness distribution in the randomly aligned SWNTs grown on quartz and potential handedness enrichment in horizontal SWNT arrays grown on a‐sapphire. This work provides a simple strategy for chiral discrimination and lays a characterization foundation for handedness‐selective growth of nanomaterials.
Type‐III Superconductivity
Authors: Diamantini M. Cristina , Trugenberger Carlo A. , Chen Sheng‐Zong , Lu Yu‐Jung , Liang Chi‐Te , Vinokur Valerii M.
Published: March 2023

Superconductivity remains one of most fascinating quantum phenomena existing on a macroscopic scale. Its rich phenomenology is usually described by the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) theory in terms of the order parameter, representing the macroscopic wave function of the superconducting condensate. The GL theory addresses one of the prime superconducting properties, screening of the electromagnetic field because it becomes massive within a superconductor, the famous Anderson–Higgs mechanism. Here the authors describe another widely‐spread type of superconductivity where the Anderson–Higgs mechanism does not work and must be replaced by the Deser–Jackiw–Templeton topological mass generation and, correspondingly, the GL effective field theory must be replaced by an effective topological gauge theory. These superconductors are inherently inhomogeneous granular superconductors, where electronic granularity is either fundamental or emerging. It is shown that the corresponding superconducting transition is a 3D generalization of the 2D Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless vortex binding–unbinding transition. The binding–unbinding of the line‐like vortices in 3D results in the Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tamman scaling of the resistance near the superconducting transition. The authors report experimental data fully confirming the VFT behavior of the resistance.
Synthesis of Pore‐Wall‐Modified Stable COF/TiO2 Heterostructures via Site‐Specific Nucleation for an Enhanced Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Putta Rangappa Akkammagari , Praveen Kumar Dharani , Do Khai H. , Wang Jinming , Zhang Yuexing , Kim Tae Kyu
Published: March 2023

Constructing stable heterostructures with appropriate active site architectures in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can improve the active site accessibility and facilitate charge transfer, thereby increasing the catalytic efficiency. Herein, a pore‐wall modification strategy is proposed to achieve regularly arranged TiO2 nanodots (≈1.82 nm) in the pores of COFs via site‐specific nucleation. The site‐specific nucleation strategy stabilizes the TiO2 nanodots as well as enables the controlled growth of TiO2 throughout the COFs’ matrix. In a typical process, the pore wall is modified and site‐specific nucleation is induced between the metal precursors and the organic walls of the COFs through a careful ligand selection, and the strongly bonded metal precursors drive the confined growth of ultrasmall TiO2 nanodots during the subsequent hydrolysis. This will result in remarkably improved surface reactions, owing to the superior catalytic activity of TiO2 nanodots functionalized to COFs through strong NTiO bonds. Furthermore, density functional theory studies reveal that pore‐wall modification is beneficial for inducing strong interactions between the COF and TiO2 and results in a large energy transfer via the NTiO bonds. This work highlights the feasibility of developing stable COF and metal oxide based heterostructures via organic wall modifications to produce carbon fuels by artificial photosynthesis.
Gallium Nitride Based Electrode for High‐Temperature Supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Songyang , Wang Shouzhi , Li Lili , Xie Shoutian , Yu Jiaoxian , Zhong Yueyao , Wang Guodong , Liang Chang , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2023

Gallium nitride (GaN) single crystal, as the representative of wide‐band semiconductors, has great prospects for high‐temperature energy storage, of its splendid power output, robust temperature stability, and superior carrier mobility. Nonetheless, it is an essential challenge for GaN‐based devices to improve energy storage. Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed by constructing GaN/Nickel cobalt oxygen (NiCoO2 ）heterostructure for enhanced supercapacitors (SCs). Benefiting from the synergy effect between the porous GaN network as a highly conductive skeleton and the NiCoO2with massive active sites. The GaN/NiCoO2heterostructure‐based SCs with ion liquids electrolyte are assembled and delivered an impressive energy density of 15.2 µWh cm−2and power density, as well as superior service life at 130 °C. The theoretical calculation further explains that the reason for the energy storage enhancement of the GaN/NiCoO2is due to the presence of the built‐in electric fields. This work offers a novel perspective for meeting the practical application of GaN‐based energy storage devices with exceptional performance capable of operation under high‐temperature environments.
Non‐Destructive X‐Ray Imaging of Patterned Delta‐Layer Devices in Silicon
Authors: D'Anna Nicolò , Ferreira Sanchez Dario , Matmon Guy , Bragg Jamie , Constantinou Procopios C. , Stock Taylor J.Z. , Fearn Sarah , Schofield Steven R. , Curson Neil J. , Bartkowiak Marek , Soh Y. , Grolimund Daniel , Gerber Simon , Aeppli Gabriel
Published: March 2023

The progress of miniaturization in integrated electronics has led to atomic and nanometer‐sized dopant devices in silicon. Such structures can be fabricated routinely by hydrogen resist lithography, using various dopants such as P and As. However, the ability to non‐destructively obtain atomic‐species‐specific images of the final structure, which would be an indispensable tool for building more complex nano‐scale devices, such as quantum co‐processors, remains an unresolved challenge. Here, X‐ray fluorescence is exploited to create an element‐specific image of As dopants in Si, with dopant densities in absolute units and a resolution limited by the beam focal size (here ≈1 µm), without affecting the device's low temperature electronic properties. The As densities provided by the X‐ray data are compared to those derived from Hall effect measurements as well as the standard non‐repeatable, scanning tunneling microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, techniques. Before and after the X‐ray experiments, we also measured the magneto‐conductance, which is dominated by weak localization, a quantum interference effect extremely sensitive to sample dimensions and disorder. Notwithstanding the 1.5 × 1010 Sv (1.5 × 1016 Rad cm−2) exposure of the device to X‐rays, all transport data are unchanged to within experimental errors, corresponding to upper bounds of 0.2 Angstroms for the radiation‐induced motion of the typical As atom and 3% for the loss of activated, carrier‐contributing dopants. With next generation synchrotron radiation sources and more advanced optics, the authors foresee that it will be possible to obtain X‐ray images of single dopant atoms within resolved radii of 5 nm.
IoT and ML‐based automatic irrigation system for smart agriculture system
Authors: E G Anoop , Bala G. Josemin
Published: March 2023

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) technologies has triggered smart agricultural systems. In smart agriculture, irrigation management plays a major role to reduce water waste. The monitoring settings, hardware modules, communication technology, and storage systems used in smart irrigation systems were analyzed to determine the optimal nature of water flow. This assessment aims to give an overview of the current state of the irrigation system by taking into account weather and soil moisture. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the utilization of various hardware modules in smart irrigation systems. Moreover, various communication technologies that aid in data transfer for efficient smart irrigation are reviewed. The ML method used for prediction is also evaluated, as well as based storage technologies like the cloud and databases used to store data for predictive irrigation systems. As a result, the paper provides an overview of all the factors that contribute to irrigation systems’ smart operation as well as potential future paths for improving agricultural systems through IoT.
Relationship between comorbidities, mutational profile, and outcome after intensive chemotherapy in patients older than 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: Assessment of different risk scores
Authors: Bachelot Amélie , Bouvier Anne , Riou Jérémie , Thepot Sylvain , Giltat Aurélien , Nunes Gomes Christopher , Paillassa Jérôme , Jouanneau‐Courville Rébecca , Renard Maxime , Beucher Annaelle , Cottin Laurane , Wiber Margaux , Ribourtout Bénédicte , Geneviève Franck , Luque Paz Damien , Tanguy‐Schmidt Aline , Ugo Valérie , Hunault‐Berger Mathilde , Blanchet Odile , Orvain Corentin
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate how comorbidities and molecular landscape relate to outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) aged 60 years or older who received intensive induction therapy. In 91 patients, 323 mutations were identified in 77 genes by next‐generation sequencing, with a median of four mutations per patient, with NPM1, FLT3, TET2, and DNMT3A being the most frequently mutated genes. A multistate model identified FLT3, IDH2, RUNX1, and TET2 mutations as associated with a higher likelihood of achieving complete remission while STAG2 mutations were associated with primary refractory disease, and DNMT3A, FLT3, IDH2, and TP53 mutations with mortality after relapse. Ferrara unfitness criteria and performance status were the best predictors of short‐term outcome (area under the curve = 82 for 2‐month survival for both parameters), whereas genomic classifications better predicted long‐term outcome, with the Patel risk stratification performing the best over the 5‐year follow‐up period (C‐index = 0.63 for event‐free and overall survival). We show that most genomic prognostic classifications, mainly used in younger patients, are useful for classifying older patients, but to a lesser extent, because of different mutational profiles. Specific prognostic classifications, incorporating performance status, comorbidities, and cytogenetic/molecular data, should be specifically designed for patients over 60 years.
Older patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: Survival and prognostication across 20 U.S. cancer centers
Authors: David Kevin A. , Sundaram Suchitra , Kim Seo‐Hyun , Vaca Ryan , Lin Yong , Singer Samuel , Malecek Mary‐Kate , Carter Jordan , Zayac Adam , Kim Myung Sun , Reddy Nishitha , Ney Douglas , Habib Alma , Strouse Christopher , Graber Jerome , Bachanova Veronika , Salman Sidra , Vendiola Jean Alyxa , Hossain Nasheed , Tsang Mazie , Major Ajay , Bond David A. , Agrawal Prashasti , Mier‐Hicks Angel , Torka Pallawi , Rajakumar Priya , Venugopal Parameswaran , Berg Stephanie , Glantz Michael , Goldlust Samuel A. , Folstad Matthew , Kumar Pallavi , Ollila Thomas A. , Cai Johnny , Spurgeon Stephen , Sieg Alex , Cleveland Joseph , Chang Julie , Epperla Narendranath , Karmali Reem , Naik Seema , Martin Peter , Smith Sonali M. , Rubenstein James , Kahl Brad , Evens Andrew M.
Published: March 2023

There is a paucity of large‐scale data delineating outcomes and prognostication of older patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We retrospectively analyzed 539 newly‐diagnosed PCNSL patients ages ≥60 years across 20 U.S. academic centers. The median age was 70 years (range 60–88); at least one geriatric syndrome was present in 46%; the median Cumulative Index Ratings Scale‐Geriatrics (CIRS‐G) score was 6 (range, 0–27); and 36% had impairment in activities of daily living (ADL). The most common induction regimens were high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) ± rituximab; methotrexate, temozolomide, rituximab (MTR); and rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, vincristine (R‐MPV). Overall, 70% of patients achieved remission, with 14% undergoing consolidative autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and 24% receiving maintenance. With 58‐month median follow‐up, median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 17 months (95% CI 13–22 months) and 43 months (95% CI 31–56 months), respectively. Three‐year PFS and OS were highest with MTR (55% and 74%, respectively). With single‐agent methotrexate ± rituximab, 3‐year PFS and OS were 30% (p = .0002) and 47% (p = .0072). On multivariate analysis, increasing age at diagnosis and Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) was associated with inferior PFS; age, hypoalbuminemia, higher CIRS‐G score, and ECOG PS adversely affected OS. Among patients receiving maintenance, 3‐year PFS was 65% versus 45% without maintenance (p = 0.02), with 3‐year OS of 84% versus 61%, respectively (p = .0003). Altogether, outcomes in older PCNSL patients appeared optimized with HD‐MTX combination induction regimens and maintenance therapy. Furthermore, several prognostic factors, including geriatric measures, were associated with inferior outcomes.
A novel RYR1 variant in an infant with a unique fetal presentation of central core disease
Authors: Baker Elizabeth K. , Al Gharaibeh Faris N. , Bove Kevin , Calvo‐Garcia Maria A. , Shillington Amelle , VandenHeuvel Katherine , Cortezzo DonnaMaria E.
Published: March 2023

Ryanodine receptor type 1‐related disorder (RYR1‐RD) is the most common subgroup of congenital myopathies with a wide phenotypic spectrum ranging from mild hypotonia to lethal fetal akinesia. Genetic testing for myopathies is imperative as the diagnosis informs counseling regarding prognosis and recurrence risk, treatment options, monitoring, and clinical management. However, diagnostic challenges exist as current options are limited to clinical suspicion prompting testing including: single gene sequencing or familial variant testing, multi‐gene panels, exome, genome sequencing, and invasive testing including muscle biopsy. The timing of diagnosis is of great importance due to the association of RYR1‐RD with malignant hyperthermia (MH). MH is a hypermetabolic crisis that occurs secondary to excessive calcium release in muscles, leading to systemic effects that can progress to shock and death if unrecognized. Given the association of MH with pathogenic variants in RYR1, a diagnosis of RYR1‐RD necessitates an awareness of medical team to avoid potentially triggering agents. We describe a case of a unique fetal presentation with bilateral diaphragmatic eventrations who had respiratory failure, dysmorphic facial features, and profound global hypotonia in the neonatal period. The diagnosis was made at several months of age, had direct implications on her clinical care related to anticipated need to long‐term ventilator support, and ultimately death secondary an arrhythmia as a result of suspected MH. Our report reinforces the importance of having high suspicion for a genetic syndrome and pursuing early, rapid exome or genome sequencing as first line testing in critically ill neonatal intensive care unit patients and further evaluating the pathogenicity of a variant of uncertain significance in the setting of a myopathic phenotype.
Clinical exome sequencing findings in 1589 patients
Authors: Gorukmez Ozlem , Gorukmez Orhan , Topak Ali
Published: March 2023

Clinical exome sequencing (CES) is important for the diagnosis of Mendelian diseases, which are clinically and etiologically heterogeneous. Sharing of large amounts of CES data associated with clinical findings will increase the accuracy of variant interpretation. We performed a retrospective study to state the diagnostic yield of CES in 1589 patients with a wide phenotypic spectrum. CES was performed using the Sophia Clinical Exome Sequencing Kit with 4493 genes, followed by sequencing on a NextSeq 500 system. The diagnosis rate was 36.8% when only pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were included. Consanguineous unions and positive family history were associated with a high diagnostic yield. The neurological disease group had the highest number of patients. The groups with high diagnosis rates were ear, eye, and muscle disease groups. Seven candidate genes (EFHC2, HSPB3, FAAH2, ITGB1, GYG2, CD177, and CSTF2T) that are not yet associated with human diseases were identified. Owing to the high diagnostic yield of CES compared with that of other genetic tests, it can be used as a standard diagnostic test in patients with rare genetic disorders that require a wide differential diagnosis, especially in laboratories with limited resources.
Measuring the Quantum State of Dark Matter
Authors: Marsh David J. E.
Published: March 2023

It is shown how the time series obtained from searches for ultralight bosonic dark matter (DM), such as the axion, can be used to determine whether it is in a coherent or incoherent quantum state. The example is essentially trivial, but it is hoped that explicitly addressing it will provoke experimental exploration. In the standard coherent state, oscillations in the number density occur over the coherence time, , where m is the particle mass and v is the galactic virial velocity, leading to a reduction in the constraining power of experiments operating on timescales , due to the unknown global phase. On the other hand, if the DM is incoherent then no such strong number oscillations occur since the ensemble average over particles in different streams gives an effective phase average. If an experiment detects a signal then the coherent or incoherent nature of DM can be determined by time series analysis over the coherence time. This finding is observationally relevant for DM masses, (corresponding to coherence times between a year and 100 s).
Bimetallic Cooperativity and Hydrogen Bonding Allow Efficient Reduction of CO2
Authors: Dey Abhishek
Published: March 2023

Reducing CO2 selectively to one of the several C1 products is challenging, as the thermodynamic reduction potentials for the different n e−/n H+ reductions of CO2 are similar and so is the reduction potential for H+ reduction. Recently, Halime, Aukauloo, and co‐workers have taken inspiration from the active site of nickel CO dehydrogenase (Ni‐CODH) to design bimetallic iron porphyrins bridged by a urea moiety. These complexes show fast and selective reduction of CO2 to CO and the results suggest a Ni‐CODH type mechanism at play where one of the two metals binds and reduces the CO2 while the other stabilizes the reduced species by forming a bridged complex, facilitating the C−O bond cleavage.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence from Lanthanide‐Doped Perovskite Quantum Cutters
Authors: Yu Yan‐Jun , Zou Chen , Shen Wan‐Shan , Zheng Xiaopeng , Tian Qi‐Sheng , Yu You‐Jun , Chen Chun‐Hao , Zhao Baodan , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Di Dawei , Bakr Osman M. , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: March 2023

Perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) deliver size‐ and composition‐tunable luminescence of high efficiency and color purity in the visible range. However, attaining efficient electroluminescence (EL) in the near‐infrared (NIR) region from PeNCs is challenging, limiting their potential applications. Here we demonstrate a highly efficient NIR light‐emitting diode (LED) by doping ytterbium ions into a PeNCs host (Yb3+ : PeNCs), extending the EL wavelengths toward 1000 nm, which is achieved through a direct sensitization of Yb3+ ions by the PeNC host. Efficient quantum‐cutting processes enable high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 126 % from the Yb3+ : PeNCs. Through halide‐composition engineering and surface passivation to improve both PLQY and charge‐transport balance, we demonstrate an efficient NIR LED with a peak external quantum efficiency of 7.7 % at a central wavelength of 990 nm, representing the most efficient perovskite‐based LEDs with emission wavelengths beyond 850 nm.
A BN‐Doped U‐Shaped Heteroacene as a Molecular Floating Gate for Ambipolar Charge Trapping Memory
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Le , Lin Dongqing , Rana Shammi , Mali Kunal S. , Ling Haifeng , Xie Linghai , De Feyter Steven , Liu Junzhi
Published: March 2023

Two wide‐band gap U‐shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with/without boron and nitrogen (BN‐) doping (BN‐1 and C‐1) were synthesized to tune the electronic features to suit the performance requirements for organic field‐effect transistor memory (OFET‐NVM). The chemical structures were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and single‐crystal diffraction. Owing to the electron‐donor effect of N and the high electron affinity of B, the BN‐1‐based OFET‐NVM displays large ambipolar memory windows and an enhanced charge storage density compared to C‐1 and most reported small molecules. A novel supramolecular system formed from BN‐1 and PMMA contributes to fabricating uniform films with homogeneous microstructures, which serve as a two‐in‐one tunnelling dielectric and charge‐trapping layer to realize long‐term charge retention and reliable endurance. Our results demonstrate that both BN doping and supramolecular engineering are crucial for the charge trapping of OFET‐NVM.
Nickel‐promoted Electrocatalytic Graphitization of Biochars for Energy Storage: Mechanistic Understanding using Multi‐scale Approaches
Authors: Li Shijie , Han Xue , Song Wei‐Li , Wang Zhe , Zhu Yan‐li , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: March 2023

Owing to high‐efficiency and scalable advantages of electrolysis in molten salts, electrochemical conversion of carbonaceous resources into graphitic products is a sustainable route for achieving high value‐added carbon. To understand the complicated kinetics of converting amorphous carbon (e.g. carbonized lignin‐biochar) into highly graphitic carbon, herein this study reports the key processing parameters (addition of Ni, temperature and time) and multi‐scale approach of nickel‐boosted electrochemical graphitization‐catalysis processes in molten calcium chloride. Upon both experiments and modellings, multi‐scale analysis that ranges from nanoscale atomic reaction to macroscale cell reveal the multi‐field evolution in the electrolysis cell, mechanism of electrochemical reaction kinetics as well as pathway of nickel‐boosted graphitization and tubulization. The results of as‐achieved controllable processing regions and multi‐scale approaches provide a rational strategy of manipulating electrochemical graphitization processes and utilizing the converted biomass resources for high value‐added use.
Single fiber coating of viscose filaments with cellulose acetate for partially hydrophobic hybrid fibers
Authors: Wurm Florian , Netzer Felix , Schäffner Uwe , Leukel Jörg , Schweiß Julia , Pham Tung , Bechtold Thomas
Published: March 2023

The focus of this work was to investigate the cellulose acetate (CA)–viscose (CV) interface in an all‐cellulosic compound and to evaluate the feasibility of hydrophobic CA‐coatings on viscose fibers. Mechanical strengths of cellulose foil‐CA compounds were investigated by recoding stress‐to‐strain curves. For equivalent strain, composites generate higher stress than pure CA samples. For the CA coating on CV fibers, fibers were pretreated in 2.5% by mass sodium hydroxide solution and drawn through a solution of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by mass in acetone dissolved CA. Properties of coated fibers were investigated with LSM microscopy, ATR‐FTIR, DVS, and by determining the fiber titer and tenacity. A decrease in fiber tenacity and vapor sorption is associated with a change of the fiber titer due to the increasing shares of CA. Therefore, the hypothesis of a hydrophobically coated CV fiber, via the described process, is mostly rejected, although double‐coatings with CA seem to reduce condensation of water in internal fiber structures at high humidity.
The nasal septum and midfacial growth
Authors: Baldwin Michael C. , Zarudnaya Diana , Liu Zi‐Jun , Herring Susan W.
Published: March 2023

The nasal septum is the only element of the chondrocranium which never completely ossifies. The persistence of this nonarticular cartilage has given rise to a variety of theories concerning cranial mechanics and growth of the midface. Previously, using pigs, we demonstrated that the septum is not a strut supporting the snout and that septal growth seems capable of stretching the overlying nasofrontal suture, a major contributor to snout elongation. Here we investigate whether abnormalities of the septum are implicated in cases of midfacial hypoplasia, in which growth of the midface is inadequate. Mild midfacial hypoplasia is common in domestic pig breeds and often severe in the Yucatan minipig, a popular laboratory breed. Normal‐snouted and midfacial hypoplastic heads of standard (farm mixed breed) and minipigs ranging in age from perinatal to 12 months were dissected, imaged by CT, and/or prepared for histology. Even at birth, Yucatan minipigs with midfacial hypoplasia exhibited greater caudal ossification than normal; the ventral cartilaginous sphenoidal “tail” was diminished or missing. In addition, cells that morphologically appeared to have divided recently were less numerous than in newborn standard pigs. Juvenile Yucatan minipigs lacked caudal cartilaginous growth zones almost completely. In standard newborns, the ventral caudal septum was more replicative than the dorsal, but this trend was not seen in Yucatan newborns. In conclusion, accelerated maturation of the caudal septum was associated with midfacial hypoplasia, a further indication that the septum, particularly its ventral portion, is important for midfacial elongation.
Triflate‐Selective Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of Chloro‐ and Bromoaryl Triflates Under Ligand‐Free Conditions
Authors: Ibsen Grace M. , Menezes da Silva Vitor H. , Pettigrew J. Cole , Neufeldt Sharon R.
Published: March 2023

In the absence of strong ancillary ligands such as phosphines or N‐heterocyclic carbenes, palladium salts are selective for C−OTf cleavage in the room‐temperature Suzuki couplings of chloroaryl triflates in acetonitrile. Similar “ligand‐free” conditions in DMSO also promote triflate‐selective Suzuki coupling of bromoaryl triflates. This triflate selectivity complements the typical preference for reaction of bromides in prior reports of Suzuki couplings using phosphine ligands. DFT calculations and additional experimental evidence are consistent with triflate‐selective oxidative addition taking place at homogeneous, possibly mononuclear, anionic palladium supported by a solvent molecule.
Bacterial cellulose: Nature's greener tool for industries
Authors: Katyal Moniya , Singh Rakshanda , Mahajan Ritu , Sharma Anurekha , Gupta Ranjan , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Yadav Anita
Published: March 2023

Bacteria are considered mini chemical factories that help us in providing a wide range of products for various purposes. These days, bacterial cellulose (BC) is getting attention by researchers due to its quality, eco‐friendly nature, and excellent physical‐mechanical qualities. It is being used in the fabrication of nanocomposites. Its nanocomposites can be used in various industries, including medicine, food, leather, textiles, environment, electronics, and cosmetics. This area of research is emerging and still in its infancy stage, as new applications are still coming up. Most of the work on BC has been done during the last two decades and serious inputs are required in this direction in order to make the production process commercially viable and ultimately the application part. Biowastes, such as fruits and vegetables wastes, can be used as a cost‐effective medium to minimize the cost for large‐scale production of BC‐based nanocomposites thus will valorize the biowaste material into a valuable product. Using biowaste as media will also aid in better waste management along with reduction in detrimental environmental effects. This review will help the readers to understand the potential applications of BC and its nanocomposites as well as their vital role in our daily lives.
An examination of the relationship between satisfaction with overactive bladder (OAB) treatment and the doctor–patient gender: A questionnaire‐based single‐institution study
Authors: Kouchi Yukiko , Ozaki Akihiko , Kaneda Yudai , Bhandari Divya , Saito Kazuma , Shimmura Hiroaki
Published: March 2023

Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly reduces quality of life. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether the gender combination of patient and physician may be associated with satisfaction with OAB treatment. This questionnaire survey was conducted at Jyoban Hospital. We considered the adult patients aged 18 years or older who attended the outpatient office of the urology department of the hospital, were diagnosed with OAB and had been taking anticholinergics or β3‐receptor stimulants, or both, for at least 3 months. In addition to the OAB treatment satisfaction, the questionnaire covered OABSS, IPSS, oral medications, effectiveness of OAB treatment, response to OAB symptoms, and the medium and extent of information collection. A total of 147 patients participated in the study. In summary, 91 (61.9%) were male, and the mean age was 73.5 years. Compared to when the gender of doctor and patient was not the same, female patients tended to be significantly more satisfied when they were treated by female doctors (OR 10.79, 95% CI 1.27–92.05). On the other hand, no similar trend was observed when male patients were treated by male doctors (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.25–6.34). In the present study, which examined doctor–patient gender combinations in satisfaction with OAB treatment, as hypothesized, satisfaction was higher for female doctor–female patient combinations compared to different doctor–patient genders. A notable fact was that similar associations were not observed among the male doctor–patient combination. This means that an embarrassment of female patients could be stronger than male patients particularly in disclosing urinary symptoms to healthcare providers. The percentage of female urologists in Japan is only 8.2%, and it will be necessary to further promote the recruitment of female doctors in urology fields in order to encourage female patients with OAB to more actively visit doctors.
ESG performance and green innovation: An investigation based on quantile regression
Authors: Long Han , Feng Gen‐Fu , Gong Qiang , Chang Chun‐Ping
Published: March 2023

Using panel data from 37 countries from 1990 to 2019 and applying a quantile regression approach with panel fixed effects, we investigate the impact of national Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on green innovation and how this impact varies across different green innovation capacity distributions. The research conclusions are as follows. (1) National ESG performance improvement significantly promotes green innovation. (2) The improvement of environmental performance and governance performance significantly promotes green innovation, but in countries with weak green innovation capabilities, the improvement of social performance reduces the output of green innovation. (3) The role of national ESG performance in promoting green innovation is stronger in countries with weak green innovation capabilities. (4) In non‐high‐income countries, the stronger the green innovation capability is, the more obvious is the promotion of ESG performance to green innovation. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence and a policy basis for governments to focus on improving ESG performance and to commit to promoting green innovation activities more effectively.
The predictive value of PD‐L1 expression in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Yao , Chen Dongbo , Zhao Bigeng , Ren Liying , Huang Rui , Feng Bo , Chen Hongsong
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim

Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but consistent responses are not observed in all patients, and prognostic biomarkers to guide treatment decisions are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of PD‐L1 expression in advanced HCC patients treated with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies comparing the objective response rate (ORR) and/or disease control rate (DCR) based on the tumor PD‐L1 status of HCC were included.

Results

Eleven studies with 1,330 HCC patients treated with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) analysis demonstrated a significantly improved ORR in PD‐L1‐positive patients compared with PD‐L1‐negative patients (OR, 1.86, 95% CI, 1.35–2.55). Similar results were observed in the anti‐PD‐1 treatment (p < 0.001) and anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy (p < 0.001) subgroups. The pooled ORRs in the PD‐L1‐positive and PD‐L1‐negative groups were 26% (95% CI, 20%–32%) and 18% (95% CI, 13%–22%), respectively. For DCR, the pooled OR analysis showed no significant difference between PD‐L1‐positive patients and PD‐L1‐negative patients (66% [95% CI, 55%–76%] vs. 69% [95% CI, 62%–76%]; OR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.59–1.44). The results were consistent across the drug target and combination treatment subgroups.

Conclusion

Positive PD‐L1 expression is associated with a better ORR in advanced HCC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1‐based therapies. This feature can help to identify HCC patients who will benefit most from PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors.
Early effect of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination on cytology outcomes in cervical samples among young women in the Netherlands
Authors: Schurink‐van ’t Klooster Tessa M. , Siebers Albert G. , Hoes Joske , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Berkhof Johannes , Bogaards Johannes A. , de Melker Hester E.
Published: March 2023

Background

The first HPV‐vaccine eligible cohorts in the Netherlands will enter the cervical screening program in 2023. However, a substantial number of young women already have had a cervical sample taken before entry into the regular screening program. This study was initiated to explore early effects of HPV vaccination on detection of cytological abnormalities in cervical samples of women younger than the screening age.

Methods

Results of cervical samples were obtained from the Dutch National Pathology Databank (PALGA) and were linked to the women's HPV vaccination status from the national vaccination registry (Praeventis) (N = 42,171). Occurrence of low‐grade and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (LSIL and HSIL+) and high‐risk HPV positive tests (hrHPV) in the first cervical sample were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated women by multivariable logistic regression analysis, corrected for age at cervical sampling and age of vaccination (12/13 years, ≥ = 14 years).

Results

For fully vaccinated women (three‐ or two‐dose schedule), statistically significant reductions were seen for all outcomes compared to unvaccinated women (hrHPV: adjusted OR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.63–0.79; LSIL: 0.70, 0.61–0.80; HSIL+: 0.39, 0.30–0.51).

Conclusions

By linking nation‐wide registries on pathology and vaccination, we show significant beneficial early effects of HPV‐vaccination on LSIL, HSIL+, CIN3/AIS/carcinoma and hrHPV detection in young women upto 24 years of age who have a cervical sample taken before entry into the cervical cancer screening program.