bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of silica fume fineness on mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced lightweight concretes subjected to ambient and elevated temperatures exposure
Authors: Arel Hasan Şahan , Shaikh Faiz Uddin Ahmed
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the effects of silica fume (SF) fineness and fiber aspect ratios of steel fiber on fresh and harden characteristics of high‐strength lightweight concrete containing oil palm shell as coarse aggregates. The effect of elevated temperatures on the residual compressive strength of above concretes is also evaluated in this study. Three different SF fineness of 18 400, 21 000, and 28 000 m2/kg and 2 different aspect ratios of steel fiber of 40 and 80 are considered. Results show that the increase in SF fineness and steel fiber aspect ratio marginally affect the air‐dry density of steel fiber reinforced lightweight high‐strength concretes, however, the workability is reduced by about 9% to 14% due to increase in SF fineness. The compressive strength of steel fiber reinforced lightweight concretes at all age increases with increase in SF fineness and an improvement of about 37% is observed at 56 days by increasing the SF fineness from 18 400 to 28 000 m2/kg. Strong correlations are also observed between the strength improvement factor and the SF fineness. Water absorption of above concretes is also reduced by 3% to 14% due to increase of SF fineness from 18 400 to 21 000 and 28 000 m2/kg. The increase of SF fineness also significantly reduces the residual compressive strength loss at 300°C and 450°C. This loss of residual compressive strength is lower in lightweight concretes containing 16 mm long steel fiber than 8 mm long steel fiber. The existing Eurocode model overestimates the residual compressive strength of steel fiber reinforced lightweight concretes containing no SF, however, this discrepancy is significantly reduced with increase in SF fineness.
Lightning striking characteristics to tall structures
Authors: Shindo Takatoshi
Published: April 2018

Recently, very tall structures with heights more than several hundred meters have been constructed all over the world and observation of lightning has been made. The striking characteristics obtained from these observations are reviewed, and conventional and new shielding models are discussed. In addition, future themes of studies to be carried out are proposed. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A correction testing method for mechanical characteristic parameter of circuit breaker based on vision technology
Authors: Zhao Shutao , Zhu Jipeng , Wu Chengjian , Wang Bo , He Mengyuan
Published: April 2018

Mechanical characteristic parameter of a circuit breaker (CB) is an important basis to evaluate its performance. Traditional testing methods involve installing complex sensors and cannot perform testing online. A non‐touch testing method based on computer vision technology is proposed in this paper. During operation, we use a high‐speed camera to capture image sequences, and then search for the target frame by frame using the normalized cross‐correlation pyramid (NCC‐P) algorithm. At the same time, the error caused by vibration displacement of the CB is corrected through the movement condition of the fixed part. Finally, the moving trail of the main shaft is constructed accurately and, furthermore, the mechanical characteristic parameter is calculated by the relationship between the main shaft and the CB contact. Experiment shows that the proposed method can test the mechanical characteristic parameter accurately and quickly. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design of a Module That Can Self‐Organize and Self‐Replicate
Authors: Nozawa Akira , Matsumoto Mitsuharu
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we describe a design of a module that can self‐organize and self‐replicate. Self‐organization is the function or phenomenon of building an autonomously ordered structure from a simple part. Self‐replication is the function or phenomenon of mass production of the same substance as the target substance. Both have convenience and inconvenience. In this paper, we report the design of a module that can self‐organize and self‐replicate to cover each inconvenience in a complementary style. Through experiments, we confirm that the designed modules have the potential to achieve both self‐organization and self‐replication. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Outcome reporting across randomized trials and observational studies evaluating treatments for twin–twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review
Authors: Perry H. , Duffy J. M. N. , Umadia O. , Khalil A. ,   the International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes for Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome (CHOOSE)
Published: April 2018

Objective

Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Potential treatments for the condition require robust evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome reporting across observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing treatments for TTTS.

Methods

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception to August 2016. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting outcome following treatment for TTTS in monochorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancy and monochorionic–triamniotic or dichorionic–triamniotic triplet pregnancy were included. Outcome reporting was systematically extracted and categorized.

Results

Six randomized trials and 94 observational studies were included, reporting data from 20 071 maternal participants and 3199 children. Six different treatments were evaluated. Included studies reported 62 different outcomes, including six fetal, seven offspring mortality, 25 neonatal, six early childhood and 18 maternal/operative outcomes. Outcomes were reported inconsistently across trials. For example, when considering offspring mortality, 31 (31%) studies reported live birth, 31 (31%) reported intrauterine death, 49 (49%) reported neonatal mortality and 17 (17%) reported perinatal mortality. Four (4%) studies reported respiratory distress syndrome. Only 19 (19%) studies were designed for long‐term follow‐up and 11 (11%) of these reported cerebral palsy.

Conclusions

Studies evaluating treatments for TTTS have often neglected to report clinically important outcomes, especially neonatal morbidity outcomes, and most are not designed for long‐term follow‐up. The development of a core outcome set could help standardize outcome collection and reporting in TTTS studies. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Beddoes‐Leishman–type model with an optimization‐based methodology and airfoil shape parameters
Authors: Singapore Wala Abdulqadir Aziz , Ng Eddie Y. K. , Narasimalu Srikanth
Published: April 2018

Floating offshore wind turbines operate in a highly unsteady environment; thus, many flow transients occur at the blade cross‐sectional level, which affect the rotor aerodynamics. In every rotor aerodynamics modelling technique requiring the blade element theory, the blade cross‐sectional aerodynamics need to be predicted accurately on the basis of the flow conditions. At reduced frequencies of 0.01 and greater, the flow unsteadiness can be considered significant and cannot be treated as quasisteady. Floating offshore wind turbines can be expected to consistently operate in some degree of yaw or pitch, which may result in reduced frequencies greater than 0.01 over most of the blade when operating at rated wind speeds and rotor RPM. The Beddoes‐Leishman model is a comprehensive but complex model for predicting unsteady airfoil aerodynamics, containing 8 dimensionless time constants. In the present study, the Beddoes‐Leishman model was compared with experimental results of 10 different airfoil profiles, each performed under a range of Reynolds numbers, motion frequencies, mean, and amplitudes of angle of attack. An optimization was performed for all time constants in the model, the results of which were used to formulate a simplified model with fewer equations, without any reduction in accuracy. Further, optimizations were performed against the experimental results of each airfoil, and the optimized constants were compared with shape parameters of the airfoils, yielding possible correlations, which were then applied in the simplified Beddoes‐Leishman model to yield improved accuracy, measured as a 5% reduction in accumulated error between experimental and predicted coefficients of lift.
On finite symmetries and their gauging in two dimensions
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Tachikawa Yuji
Published: April 2018

Abstract

It is well-known that if we gauge a ℤ
n
symmetry in two dimensions, a dual ℤ
n
symmetry appears, such that re-gauging this dual ℤ
n
symmetry leads back to the original theory. We describe how this can be generalized to non-Abelian groups, by enlarging the concept of symmetries from those defined by groups to those defined by unitary fusion categories. We will see that this generalization is also useful when studying what happens when a non-anomalous subgroup of an anomalous finite group is gauged: for example, the gauged theory can have non-Abelian group symmetry even when the original symmetry is an Abelian group. We then discuss the axiomatization of two-dimensional topological quantum field theories whose symmetry is given by a category. We see explicitly that the gauged version is a topological quantum field theory with a new symmetry given by a dual category.
Hydrodynamic excitations from chiral kinetic theory and the hydrodynamic frames
Authors: Abbasi Navid , Taghinavaz Farid , Naderi Kiarash
Published: April 2018

Abstract

In the framework of chiral kinetic theory (CKT), we consider a system of right-and left-handed Weyl fermions out of thermal equilibrium in a homogeneous weak magnetic field. We show that the Lorentz invariance implies a modification in the definition of the momentum current in the phase space, compared to the case in which the system is in global equilibrium. Using this modified momentum current, we derive the linearized conservation equations from the kinetic equation up to second order in the derivative expansion. It turns out that the eigenmodes of these equations, namely the hydrodynamic modes, differ from those obtained from the hydrodynamic in the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) frame at the same order. We show that the modes of the former case may be transformed to the corresponding modes in the latter case by a global boost. The velocity of the boost is proportional to the magnetic field as well as the difference between the right- and left-handed charges susceptibility. We then compute the chiral transport coefficients in a system of non-Abelian chiral fermions in the no-drag frame and by making the above boost, obtain the well-known transport coeffiecients of the system in the LL frame. Finally by using the idea of boost, we reproduce the AdS/CFT result for the chiral drag force exerted on a quark at rest in the rest frame of the fluid, without performing any holographic computations.
Correlators between Wilson loop and chiral operators in $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ conformal gauge theories
Authors: Billò M. , Galvagno F. , Gregori P. , Lerda A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract

We consider conformal

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

super Yang-Mills theories with gauge group SU(N) and N

f
= 2N fundamental hypermultiplets in presence of a circular 1/2-BPS Wilson loop. It is natural to conjecture that the matrix model which describes the expectation value of this system also encodes the one-point functions of chiral scalar operators in presence of the Wilson loop. We obtain evidence of this conjecture by successfully comparing, at finite N and at the two-loop order, the one-point functions computed in field theory with the vacuum expectation values of the corresponding normal-ordered operators in the matrix model. For the part of these expressions with transcendentality ζ(3), we also obtain results in the large-N limit that are exact in the ’t Hooft coupling λ.
Correction to: The Small GTPase RAC1/CED-10 Is Essential in Maintaining Dopaminergic Neuron Function and Survival Against α-Synuclein-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Kim Hanna , Calatayud Carles , Guha Sanjib , Fernández-Carasa Irene , Berkowitz Laura , Carballo-Carbajal Iria , Ezquerra Mario , Fernández-Santiago Rubén , Kapahi Pankaj , Raya Ángel , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio , Lizcano Jose Miguel , Vila Miquel , Caldwell Kim A. , Caldwell Guy A. , Consiglio Antonella , Dalfo Esther
Published: April 2018

With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on March 2018 to © The Author(s) 2018 and the name of one of the author was changed to “Sanjib Guha”.
Editorial
Authors: Barrett Steve
Published: April 2018

Vehicular applications for fuel cells take many forms, and this issue reports on developments in a wide range of road, rail, maritime and air vehicles (and there's even a spacecraft mentioned in the Patents [page 16]).
Effect of Intranasal Mupirocin Prophylaxis on Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusTransmission and Invasive Staphylococcal Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ristagno Elizabeth H. , Bryant Kristina A. , Boland Lynette F. , Stout Gordon G. , Junkins Alan D. , Woods Charles R. , Myers John A. , Espinosa Claudia M.
Published: April 2018

The use of monthly intranasal mupirocin was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureustransmission andStaphylococcus aureusinvasive infection in a large neonatal intensive care unit. Resistance to mupirocin emerged over time, but it was rare and was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:741–745
WILD MAMMALS OF ANCIENT NORTH CHINA
Authors: Lander Brian , Brunson Katherine
Published: April 2018

Human activity has eliminated many of the natural lowland ecosystems of the Middle and Lower Yellow River Valley, and has modified the rest, making it difficult to understand what species are native to the region. As a step towards the reconstruction of these lost environments, this paper employs zooarchaeological and other evidence to identify the native mammals of the region. We provide basic ecological information about these animals and discuss controversial or difficult cases in more depth. Our goal is not only to study China's environmental history, but also to make clear that conventional understandings of species ranges are based on the distributions of animals in the modern period, when many had already been eliminated from large areas by human activity.
Modeling the dynamic response of outlet glaciers to observed ice-shelf thinning in the Bellingshausen Sea Sector, West Antarctica
Authors: MINCHEW BRENT M. , GUDMUNDSSON G. HILMAR , GARDNER ALEX S. , PAOLO FERNANDO S. , FRICKER HELEN A.
Published: April 2018

Satellite observations of gravity anomalies, ice-surface elevation and glacier velocity show significant increases in net grounded-ice-mass loss over the past decade along the Bellingshausen Sea sector (BSS), West Antarctica, in areas where warm (>1°C) sea water floods the continental shelf. These observations provide compelling but indirect evidence that mass losses are driven primarily by reduced buttressing from the floating ice shelves caused by ocean-driven ice-shelf thinning. Here, we combine recent observations of ice velocity, thickness and thickness changes with an ice flow model to study the instantaneous dynamic response of BSS outlet glaciers to observed ice-shelf thinning, alone. Our model results show that multiple BSS outlet glaciers respond instantaneously to observed ice-shelf thinning, particularly in areas where ice shelves ground at discrete points. Increases in modeled and observed dynamic mass losses, however, account for ~5% of the mass loss rates estimated from gravity anomalies and changes in ice-surface elevation, suggesting that variations in surface mass balance may be key to understanding recent BSS mass loss. Our approach isolates the impact of ice-shelf thinning on glacier flow and shows that if ice-shelf thinning continues at or above current rates, total BSS mass loss will increase in the next decade.
Credit Default Swaps and Firm Value
Authors: Narayanan Rajesh , Uzmanoglu Cihan
Published: April 2018

This article provides evidence that firm value declines when credit default swaps (CDSs) are initiated and that the effect is greater when CDS trading activity is higher. This decline, which arises from an increase in the cost of capital as opposed to a decrease in free cash flows, traces to a deterioration in the firm’s credit quality and stock liquidity. Firm value declines less when CDS trading is likely to produce incremental information, suggesting that CDS trading has informational benefits for firm value. However, the evidence does not indicate that firm value increases because CDS availability facilitates investments.
Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review
Authors: Khademvatan S. , Majidiani H. , Foroutan M. , Hazrati Tappeh K. , Aryamand S. , Khalkhali H.R.
Published: April 2018

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a significant zoonosis, especially in developing countries of the Middle East, with many studies focusing on CE genotypes in Iran. We performed a systematic review to determine the exact status of E. granulosus genotypes in the country. We explored English (Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Science Direct) and Persian (Magiran, Iran Medex and Scientific Information Database) databases along with Google Scholar. Our review included 73 studies published prior to the end of 2015. In total, 2952 animal (intermediate and definitive) hosts were examined, and the prevalent genotypes comprised G1 (92.75%) and G6 (4.53%) in sheep, cattle, camels, goats and buffaloes; G3 (2.43%) in five herbivore hosts and dogs; G7 (0.2%) in sheep and goats; and G2 (0.06%) in dogs. G1 was mostly dominant in West Azerbaijan, whereas G3 and G6 were identified most frequently in the provinces of Isfahan and Fars, respectively. Regarding human CE infection, 340 cases were reported from Iran, with the identified genotypes G1 (n = 320), G6 (n = 13) and G3 (n = 7). Most CE-infected humans originated from Isfahan province (168 cases), whereas the lowest number of infected persons was noted in Kerman province (two cases). The information obtained from this systematic review is central to better understanding the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes in Iran, leading to more comprehensive control strategies.
Do behavioural defence mechanisms explain different levels of trematode infections in congeneric hosts?
Authors: Goellner S. , Selbach C. , Friesen O.C.
Published: April 2018

Susceptibility and tolerance to parasite infection vary greatly between host species. The congeneric isopod species Austridotea annectens and Austridotea lacustris often occur in sympatry and can both serve as intermediate hosts for the trematode Maritrema poulini. However, the intensity and prevalence of infections vary greatly in natural populations, with A. annectens often being heavily infected and A. lacustris rarely being infected. To shed light on the factors that may be involved in infection avoidance in A. lacustris, 100 isopods were collected and experimentally exposed to M. poulini cercariae. To examine for potential behavioural mechanisms, we used carbonated water as a paralysing agent to temporarily stop any movement by the isopods, and exposed paralysed isopods to cercariae. In the experiments, none of the individuals that were exposed to the parasite were found to be infected, although some cercariae seemed to have penetrated isopod hosts. Behavioural defence mechanisms do not seem to explain the different infection levels between A. lacustris and A. annectens, suggesting a physiological, possibly immunological, factor may be present. At the ecosystem level, this suggests a potential dilution effect caused by this low-competency host, and its effects on parasite transmission dynamics should be investigated.
Environmental conditions of the Suape estuarine-port complex area (Pernambuco, Brazil): phytoplankton biomass and hydrological parameters
Authors: Cordeiro Isis Amália , Feitosa Fernando Antônio Do Nascimento , Flores Montes Manuel De Jesus , Otsuka Amanda Yumi , Costa Silva Alex
Published: April 2018

The Suape coastal zone has suffered since the 1980s the effects of anthropogenic action due to the construction of the industrial complex of Suape. This work aimed to evaluate the environmental conditions and possible eutrophication processes of the area. Six campaigns were carried out, three in the dry season (November 2015, January and April 2016) and three in the rainy season (July 2015, July and August 2016). Water samples were collected at the surface during low tide and high tide, in neap tides. Salinity ranged from 19.75 to 37.20, the dissolved oxygen rate ranged from 61.75 to 125.90% and chlorophyll-a from 0.02 to 3.48 mg m−3. Water transparency, temperature, nitrate and silicate presented significant seasonal variation, the concentrations of nutrients being higher in the rainy season and the others in the dry season. Water transparency, salinity, dissolved oxygen saturation and chl-a <20 µm showed significant differences for tide, being higher at high tide, and at low tide for chl-a of <20 µm. The low content of dissolved inorganic nutrient salts and chl-a were indicative of an area still free of eutrophication. Anthropogenic changes in the environment have led to greater marine interference and consequently to a reduction of the productive capacity of the system.
Diel changes in the vertical distribution of larval cutlassfish Trichiurus japonicus
Authors: Uehara Daichi , Shoji Jun , Ochi Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Nakaguchi Kazumitsu , Shibata Jun-Ya , Tomiyama Takeshi
Published: April 2018

Diel vertical migration of the cutlassfish Trichiurus japonicus larvae were investigated by consecutive 24-h collections at 3-h intervals at a station in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan in June and September. Only one larva was collected in June 2017, while 224 and 40 larvae were collected in September 2016 and 2017, respectively. Larvae were present only at depths of ≥ 11 m during the day, whereas they were present at depths of 1, 6, 11 and 16 m during the night. Migration was observed in larvae in which swim bladder formation was completed. A similar pattern, namely nocturnal occurrence at shallow depths only of the developed larvae, was observed in another 24-h survey, suggesting that the swim bladder regulates the upward movement of larvae at night.
Decolonizing Nationalist Racism? Reflections on travel writing from mid-twentieth century Kerala, India
Authors: DEVIKA J.
Published: April 2018

This article examines the travel writing of the well-known author from Kerala state, India, S. K. Pottekkatt, who is now recognized as a national literary figure. Recent readings of his African travelogues have pointed to the deep racism that informs them. This article probes further, seeking to place Pottekkatt's ethnocentrism in the context of decolonization, which formed the backdrop of his travels and writing. I argue that Pottekkatt's ethnocentrism also contains a strand which is underpinned by nationalist biopolitics. While we find his writings deeply entrenched in racist colonial stereotypes about native Africans, they are also shaped by nationalist biopolitics that were emerging during decolonization, which led him to strongly condemn prominent groups of Indian immigrants in Africa as well. Dipesh Chakrabarty's reflections on the ambiguities of decolonizing discourses provide a useful springboard for a fresh reading. This preliminary reading of Pottekkatt's African travelogues, however, complicates Chakrabarty's observations about both pedagogic and dialogic modes of decolonizing discourses. It also points to the importance of the regional, and not the national, in the possibilities of South-South dialogue—to which Pottekkatt's accounts point, if only in a cursory manner.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in siblings
Authors: Jokiranta-Olkoniemi Elina , Cheslack-Postava Keely , Joelsson Petteri , Suominen Auli , Brown Alan S. , Sourander Andre
Published: April 2018

Background

Probands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The risk of these disorders among the siblings of probands has not been thoroughly assessed in a population-based cohort.

Methods

Every child born in Finland in 1991–2005 and diagnosed with ADHD in 1995–2011 were identified from national registers. Each case was matched with four controls on sex, place, and date of birth. The full siblings of the cases and controls were born in 1981–2007 and diagnosed in 1981–2013. In total, 7369 cases with 12 565 siblings and 23 181 controls with 42 753 siblings were included in the analyses conducted using generalized estimating equations.

Results

44.2% of the cases and 22.2% of the controls had at least one sibling diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder (risk ratio, RR = 2.1; 95% CI 2.0–2.2). The strongest associations were demonstrated for childhood-onset disorders including ADHD (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 5.1–6.3), conduct and oppositional disorders (RR = 4.0; 95% CI 3.5–4.5), autism spectrum disorders (RR = 3.9; 95% CI 3.3–4.6), other emotional and social interaction disorders (RR = 2.7; 95% CI 2.4–3.1), learning and coordination disorders (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 2.4–2.8), and intellectual disability (RR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.0–2.8). Also, bipolar disorder, unipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, other neurotic and personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, and anxiety disorders occurred at increased frequency among the siblings of cases.

Conclusions

The results offer potential utility for early identification of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in at-risk siblings of ADHD probands and also argue for more studies on common etiologies.
Lost boomerangs, the rebound effect and transnational advocacy networks: a discursive approach to norm diffusion
Authors: de Almagro Maria Martin
Published: April 2018

This article aims to show the added value of studying transnational advocacy networks through a discursive approach in order to better understand the outcomes of norm diffusion in postconflict contexts. I argue that constructivist approaches to norm diffusion fall short as an explanation of norm adoption because they assume an automatic process of norm propagation through socialisation mechanisms. The first goal of the article is then to discuss how the internal dynamics of discourse negotiation in transnational advocacy networks impact the diffusion and implementation of international norms. The second goal is to propose the concept of the rebound effect and to explore the conditions under which it takes place. Through data collected during extended fieldwork, the article examines a prominent case, namely the transnational campaign for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security in Burundi and Liberia. I ask why and how the campaign was understood as a success in Liberia and as a failure in Burundi. I argue that there is another way of looking at these cases in less dichotomised ways. Crucially, my findings demonstrate how in both cases a very particular discourse on gender security is (re)produced through power relations between local and transnational activists limiting the type of policies that are advocated for and depoliticising the grassroots.
THE STRONG LIMIT THEOREM FOR RELATIVE ENTROPY DENSITY RATES BETWEEN TWO ASYMPTOTICALLY CIRCULAR MARKOV CHAINS
Authors: Tang Ying , Yang Weiguo , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we are going to study the strong limit theorem for the relative entropy density rates between two finite asymptotically circular Markov chains. Firstly, we prove some lammas on which the main result based. Then, we establish two strong limit theorem for non-homogeneous Markov chains. Finally, we obtain the main result of this paper. As corollaries, we get the strong limit theorem for the relative entropy density rates between two finite non-homogeneous Markov chains. We also prove that the relative entropy density rates between two finite non-homogeneous Markov chains are uniformly integrable under some conditions.
Visual Analytics Approach to Vessel Behaviour Analysis
Authors: Jin Liang , Luo Zhengyi , Gao Shu
Published: April 2018

Vessel behaviour analysis plays an important role in maritime situational awareness. However, available technology still provides only limited approaches to vessel behaviour analysis. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics framework to interactively explore the characteristics of vessel behaviour by means of integrating visualisation with data mining and a human-computer interaction controlling model, which combines human insight with the enormous storage and processing capacities of computers to gain insight into vessel behaviour. In addition, we provide multiple views for visually analysing vessel trajectories, densities and speeds. Case studies with 15 days' AIS data collected from the middle Hankou channel to Yangluo channel in the Yangtze River demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Targeting clams: insights into the invasive potential and current and future distribution of Asian clams
Authors: REYNA PAOLA , NORI JAVIER , BALLESTEROS MARÍA L. , HUED ANDREA C. , TATIÁN MARCOS
Published: April 2018

Bivalves are among the main groups of invasive freshwater species, with the Asian clam genusCorbiculain particular being widely distributed. While global studies have focused onCorbicula fluminea(Müller, 1774), the invasive potential ofCorbicula largillierti(Philippi, 1844) andCorbicula fluminalis(Müller, 1774) is still unknown. The spread of invasive species may be intensified by climate change. We estimated and compared environmentally suitable areas for these species under hypothetical climate scenarios, generating global maps of invasion risk. We found large climatically suitable areas forC. largilliertiandC. fluminalis(under species distribution models) and that their invasive potential is currently underestimated. The analysis revealed many areas in which changing climate may favour the invasion ofCorbiculaspp.
Reconstruction of a Caregiver Burden Scale: Identifying Culturally Sensitive Items in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamad Eradah O. , AlHadi Ahmad N. , Tremblay Paul F. , Savundranayagam Marie Y. , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne , Holmes Jeffrey D. , Lee Christopher J. , Johnson Andrew M.
Published: April 2018

Le Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, une échelle fréquemment utilisée aux États-Unis, a été adapté au contexte de l’Arabie Saoudite. En vue de produire une version de cette échelle qui soit compatible avec la culture arabe, des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés auprès d’un échantillon de convenance de 20 aidants familiaux saoudiens. La version arabe de l’échelle a été administrée, et les participants ont été invités à donner leurs commentaires sur la pertinence des questions portant sur le construit du fardeau de l’aidant. Deux méthodes constructivistes associées à la théorie des construits personnels ont été utilisées, soit la technique de la grille-répertoire et la procédure d’échelonnage. Les rapports d’entretiens ont servi à évaluer le contenu des questions et du construit associé au fardeau de l’aidant. Nos résultats indiquent que les méthodes constructivistes peuvent être très utiles pour affiner des construits et des instruments quantitatifs. Ces stratégies ont une bonne faisabilité même dans les cas où l’on dispose de peu d’indices sur le construit étudié dans un milieu culturel donné, et permettent d’approfondir nos connaissances sur les variations interculturelles de différentes versions de l’échelle.
Can reactivity and regulation in infancy predict inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior in 3-year-olds?
Authors: Frick Matilda A. , Forslund Tommie , Brocki Karin C.
Published: April 2018

A need to identify early infant markers of later occurring inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors has come to the fore in the current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder literature. The purpose of such studies is to identify driving mechanisms that could enable early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and thus facilitate early intervention. Here we study independent and interactive effects of cognitive regulation (inhibition and sustained attention), temperament (reactive and regulatory aspects), and maternal sensitivity (as external regulation) in a sample of 112 typically developing 10-month-old infants (59 boys, 52.7%), in relation to inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior at 3 years. The results showed that infant temperamental regulation and maternal sensitivity made independent contributions to both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, in that higher levels of temperamental regulation and maternal sensitivity were related to less inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior. In addition, the temperamental factor positive affectivity/surgency made a significant contribution to later hyperactivity/impulsivity, in that higher levels of positive affectivity/surgency were related to more hyperactive/impulsive behavior. No interaction effects were found. Our findings suggest temperament and parental regulation as potential and independent markers of later inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behavior.
Pressure-dipole solutions of the thin-film equation
Authors: BOWEN M. , WITELSKI T. P.
Published: April 2018

We investigate self-similar sign-changing solutions to the thin-film equation, ht = −(|h|nhxxx)x, on the semi-infinite domain x ≥ 0 with zero-pressure-type boundary conditions h = hxx = 0 imposed at the origin. In particular, we identify classes of first- and second-kind compactly supported self-similar solutions (with a free-boundary x = s(t) = Ltβ) and consider how these solutions depend on the mobility exponent n; multiple solutions can exist with the same number of sign changes. For n = 0, we also construct first-kind self-similar solutions on the entire half-line x ≥ 0 and show that they act as limiting cases for sequences of compactly supported solutions in the limit of infinitely many sign changes. In addition, at n = 1, we highlight accumulation point-like behaviour of sign-changes local to the moving interface x = s(t). We conclude with a numerical investigation of solutions to the full time-dependent partial differential equation (based on a non-local regularisation of the mobility coefficient) and discuss the computational results in relation to the self-similar solutions.
Composing St Columba, Hope of the Scots
Authors: STEINER KATHERINE KENNEDY
Published: April 2018

The singular Office of St Columba in the Inchcolm Antiphoner, a unique relic celebrated for its distinct Scottish chant, was composed in the late thirteenth century amidst a battle for the claim of Scotland's patron saint. Previous studies of the office have suggested that unique chants reflect a pre-Norman tradition of Celtic chant. This article demonstrates that the office was not only composed much later, and severely edited in the fifteenth century, but also almost entirely composed of contrafacta. Some of these engage directly with the cult of St Andrew, the other saint with a major claim to the patronage of Scottish royalty. Three chants in the office connect the celebration of St Columba at Inchcolm Abbey to music from St Andrews Cathedral as recorded in a St Andrews antiphoner and W1. The office thus bears witness to the authority of music for St Andrew and the association of W1 with his cathedral in the early fourteenth century. The music of the office is not distinctly Scottish, but the office constructed for St Columba reflects the competition between the cults of St Andrew and St Columba in the construction of Scottish identity.
John Nádas and Andreas Janke (eds.), The San Lorenzo Palimpsest: Florence, Archivio del Capitolo di San Lorenzo, Ms. 2211, vol. 1: Introductory Study; vol. 2: Multispectral Images, Ars Nova, n.s. 4 (Lucca: Libreria Musicale Italiana, 2016). xiii pp.+ 123 fols (135 fols including blanks). €300. ISBN 978 88 7096 852 1. ERRATUM
Authors: BENT MARGARET
Published: April 2018

In PMM 26/2 (October 2017), the title of the first book, reviewed by Margaret Bent, was wrongly printed. The correct heading should be as follows:

John Nádas and Andreas Janke (eds.), The San Lorenzo Palimpsest: Florence, Archivio del Capitolo di San Lorenzo, Ms. 2211, vol. 1: Introductory Study; vol. 2: Multispectral Images, Ars Nova, n.s. 4 (Lucca: Libreria Musicale Italiana, 2016). xiii pp.+ 123 fols (135 fols including blanks). €300. ISBN 978 88 7096 852 1.

This error has now been rectified in the online version of the article.
‘Science’ and ‘Culture’ in University Settings. Areas of Overlap? Areas of Tension? Or, Areas of Mutual Complementarity?
Authors: Fuchs Milena Žic
Published: April 2018

On the one hand, ‘interdisciplinarity’ in all its formats, ranging from multi- to transdisciplinarity, has become the focal point of research agendas and a high priority of many funding bodies, while, on the other hand, universities by and large still remain discipline-oriented. This ‘tension’ is especially manifest between ‘science’ and ‘culture’ in the sense of bridging gaps between disciplines and research domains. The main roles of the Humanities and Social Sciences can be said to be the development of critical and independent thought, the identification and dissemination of important social and cultural values, as well as challenging widely held assumptions and beliefs. This article focuses on new ‘interpretations’ of knowledge seen as the fundamental link, which can, within university programmes, raise the awareness of the importance of the Humanities and Social Sciences on one hand, but, more importantly, also put into a much wider context the different ‘knowledges’ necessary for the contemporary understanding of how ‘science’ should be geared towards the individual, society, as well as the global community at large.*
Is the ‘Intention’ There? On the Impact of Scientism on Hermeneutics
Authors: Jiang Zhang
Published: April 2018

Ever since the mid-twentieth century, there has been a prevailing tendency of eliminating the author’s existence in his or her text, as well as the existence of his or her intention. The practice of negating the meaning of the author’s intention and thereby imposing arbitrary interpretations on the text to serve the critic’s own interpretive purpose, has led contemporary literary hermeneutics onto the wrong road of relativism and nihilism. It is sensible for us to identify an impact of scientism on such a hermeneutic tendency. However, no matter how we try to deny and dissolve the author’s intention, its being in the text is a hard fact that always determines the text’s quality and value and influences the readers’ understanding and interpretation. The author’s intention runs through the whole process of the text’s creation, displaying itself in all the plans and designs of the text, such as its language, structure and style. It is a false question to ask whether intention exists in literary creation, and the idea that the other person can be totally independent of the author’s intention to assert the meanings or significance of the text will finally lead us to nowhere but sheer subjective imagination. Any serious and responsible critic must research in depth to first bring out the author’s intention, and then bring out the text’s historical and social milieus. This is the foundational step towards fair and justified interpretation of the text. Since literary works are the objectification of the authors’ thoughts and mind power, we, whatever theories we are interested in, should give the author and his or her intention due respect. This is undoubtedly a scientific attitude toward literary studies.
Learning quantification from images: A structured neural architecture
Authors: SORODOC I. , PEZZELLE S. , HERBELOT A. , DIMICCOLI M. , BERNARDI R.
Published: April 2018

Major advances have recently been made in merging language and vision representations. Most tasks considered so far have confined themselves to the processing of objects and lexicalised relations amongst objects (content words). We know, however, that humans (even pre-school children) can abstract over raw multimodal data to perform certain types of higher level reasoning, expressed in natural language byfunction words. A case in point is given by their ability to learn quantifiers, i.e. expressions likefew,someandall. From formal semantics and cognitive linguistics, we know that quantifiers are relations over sets which, as a simplification, we can see as proportions. For instance, inmost fish are red,mostencodes the proportion of fish which are red fish. In this paper, we study how well current neural network strategies model such relations. We propose a task where, given an image and a query expressed by an object–property pair, the system must return a quantifier expressing which proportions of the queried object have the queried property. Our contributions are twofold. First, we show that the best performance on this task involves coupling state-of-the-art attention mechanisms with a network architecture mirroring the logical structure assigned to quantifiers by classic linguistic formalisation. Second, we introduce a new balanced dataset of image scenarios associated with quantification queries, which we hope will foster further research in this area.
THE EFFECTS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INTEGRATION IN A MODEL WITH HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS AND CREDIT FRICTIONS
Authors: Clemens Christiane , Heinemann Maik
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the consequences of international financial integration in a two-sector standard incomplete markets model with occupational choice under risk and financial constraints affecting entrepreneurial activity. We endogenize international productivity differences and discuss the implications of international integration for the macroeconomy, inequality, and welfare. Lending countries are characterized by tighter domestic constraints and experience an increase in gross national product, whereas the gross domestic product effect is ambiguous. We conclude that international integration is beneficial only for economies where there are substantial financial constraints on entrepreneurial activity. Otherwise, a majority of households suffer, due to the unequal distribution of welfare gains and losses across the heterogeneous population.
LOGICS FOR PROPOSITIONAL DETERMINACY AND INDEPENDENCE
Authors: GORANKO VALENTIN , KUUSISTO ANTTI
Published: April 2018

This paper investigates formal logics for reasoning about determinacy and independence. Propositional Dependence Logic${\cal D}$and Propositional Independence Logic${\cal I}$are recently developed logical systems, based on team semantics, that provide a framework for such reasoning tasks. We introduce two new logics${{\cal L}_D}$and${{\cal L}_{\,I\,}}$, based on Kripke semantics, and propose them as alternatives for${\cal D}$and${\cal I}$, respectively. We analyse the relative expressive powers of these four logics and discuss the way these systems relate to natural language. We argue that${{\cal L}_D}$and${{\cal L}_{\,I\,}}$naturally resolve a range of interpretational problems that arise in${\cal D}$and${\cal I}$. We also obtain sound and complete axiomatizations for${{\cal L}_D}$and${{\cal L}_{\,I\,}}$.
Detection of the Trp-2027-Cys Mutation in Fluazifop-P-butyl–resistant Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) using High-Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA)
Authors: Barrantes-Santamaría Walter , Castillo-Matamoros Rolbin , Herrera-Murillo Franklin , Brenes-Angulo Arturo , Gómez-Alpízar Luis
Published: April 2018

Itchgrass [Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton] is recognized as one of the most noxious and troublesome annual weeds in tropical and subtropical regions. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides have been frequently used for managing R. cochinchinensis POST in a variety of crops, resulting in evolved resistance to these herbicides. Recently, resistance to fluazifop-P-butyl has been demonstrated for this weed, as the result of a G-to-C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to the Trp-2027-Cys substitution in the ACCase enzyme. This study was conducted to develop a high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) for the detection of the mutation underlying the Trp-2027-Cys substitution. The HRMA assay allowed differentiating between fluazifop-P-butyl–resistant (C mutant) and susceptible (G wild type) R. cochinchinensis plants. HRMA accuracy was confirmed with DNA sequencing of the target-site mutation, and no false positives or negatives were observed. Our results illustrated how HRMA is effective detecting the Trp-2027-Cys substitution in an R. cochinchinensis resistance, and how this technique can be of great value for developing high-throughput programs for monitoring evolution and dispersion of target site–based herbicide resistance at large scales.
Single photon emission from plasma treated 2D hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Xu Zai-Quan , Elbadawi Christopher , Tran Toan Trong , Kianinia Mehran , Li Xiuling , Liu Daobin , Hoffman Timothy B. , Nguyen Minh , Kim Sejeong , Edgar James H. , Wu Xiaojun , Song Li , Ali Sajid , Ford Mike , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor
Published: April 2018

Ar plasma etching and annealing are highly robust in generating oxygen related single photon emitters in hBN.
An artificial photosynthetic system for photoaccumulation of two electrons on a fused dipyridophenazine (dppz)–pyridoquinolinone ligand
Authors: Lefebvre Jean-François , Schindler Julian , Traber Philipp , Zhang Ying , Kupfer Stephan , Gräfe Stefanie , Baussanne Isabelle , Demeunynck Martine , Mouesca Jean-Marie , Gambarelli Serge , Artero Vincent , Dietzek Benjamin , Chavarot-Kerlidou Murielle
Published: April 2018

The π-extended ligand of a ruthenium complex stores two photo-generated electrons, mimicking a key step in photosynthesis.
Competition between Li+and Na+in sodium transporters and receptors: Which Na+-Binding sites are “therapeutic” Li+targets?
Authors: Dudev Todor , Mazmanian Karine , Lim Carmay
Published: April 2018

Li+(turquoise), the better charge acceptor, can displace Na+(purple) bound by only one or two aa residues in buried sites. Thus, Li+can displace Na+bound by Asp−and Ser in the A2AAR/β1AR receptor and enhance the metal site's stability, thus prohibiting structural distortions induced by agonist binding, leading to lower cytosolic levels of activated G-proteins, which are hyperactive in bipolar disorder patients.
High-performance BaZr0.35Ti0.65O3thin film capacitors with ultrahigh energy storage density and excellent thermal stability
Authors: Liang Zhongshuai , Liu Ming , Ma Chunrui , Shen Lvkang , Lu Lu , Jia Chun-Lin
Published: April 2018

High performance Pb-free Ba(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3film capacitors exhibit outstanding energy storage properties over a wide temperature range from −100 °C to 200 °C, demonstrating a great foreground for utilization in equipment working in harsh environments.
Self-modification of g-C3N4 with its quantum dots for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhou Liang , Tian Yunhao , Lei Juying , Wang Lingzhi , Liu Yongdi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: April 2018

The photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 was restricted by the fast charge recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes.
Gold(i)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of ortho-(alkynyl) styrenes: DFT analysis of the crucial role of SbF6− in the elimination of protons
Authors: Fang Ran , Zhou Lin , Tu Peng-Cheng , Yang Lizi
Published: April 2018

The mechanism, regioselectivity and role of SbF6− in the gold(i)-catalyzed reaction of o-(alkynyl) styrene are clarified through our DFT calculations.