bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’expérimentation institutionnelle au travail, pour le meilleur (ou pour le pire)
Authors: Ferreras Isabelle , MacDonald Ian , Murray Gregor , Pulignano Valeria
Published: June 2020

Dans différents contextes nationaux, institutionnels et organisationnels, et dans un contexte d’incertitude, diverses formes d’organisation de travailleurs, anciennes et nouvelles, mènent des expérimentations en réponse aux lignes de fracture majeures des changements auxquelles elles sont confrontées. L’introduction de ce numéro spécial se concentre sur ces processus: la disruption des formes traditionnelles de régulation du travail et de l’emploi; comment différents acteurs sont engagés dans l’expérimentation sur la gouvernance du travail et de l’emploi; comment ces acteurs formulent des revendications à l’égard de l’État; comment ces processus peuvent conduire à un meilleur ou à un “pire” travail; et enfin, comment de solides capacités et des configurations particulières de ressources de la part de ceux qui sont engagés dans l’expérimentation peuvent contribuer à de nouvelles formes de régulation du travail et même à un meilleur travail. Les thèmes clés comprennent le rôle moteur et la résilience des acteurs et leur développement de nouvelles capacités collectives, l’importance de la délibération et de la démocratie, la nature stratégique et réflexive de leur expérimentation, l’extension de l’expérimentation dans de nouvelles formes d’institutionnalisation intégrant des valeurs fondamentales telles que l’égalité, la solidarité et la démocratie, ainsi que de nouveaux modèles d’agrégation de la recherche nécessitant un dialogue permanent entre acteurs et chercheurs.
Understanding the Impact of Historical Trauma Due to Colonization on the Health and Well-Being of Indigenous Young Peoples: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Smallwood Reakeeta , Woods Cindy , Power Tamara , Usher Kim
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Indigenous Peoples are experiencing the ongoing effects of colonization. This phenomenon, historical trauma (HT), helps to address the current ill-health disparity. Aim of this scoping review was to identify sources of evidence available to understand the impact of HT on Indigenous young peoples. Method: A scoping review was conducted on available evidence-based literature. Article quality was assessed using validated quality appraisal tools. Synthesis was conducted with predefined levels of impact. Results: Consistent with the literature, the themes and levels of impact were interrelated. Despite this, studies predominately reported a singular focus with limited discussion of protective factors. Discussion: HT continues to have a profound impact on Indigenous young peoples across Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Protective factors for HT were evident within Indigenous research designs. Future research should ensure a multilevel focus to explore intergenerational strength and how this influences culturally congruent health care.
Left-Behind Women in the Context of International Migration: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fernández-Sánchez Higinio , Salma Jordana , Márquez-Vargas Patricia Marisol , Salami Bukola
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Despite the research on left-behind children, less is known about left-behind women across transnational spaces. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the extent, range, and nature of the existing body of literature on left-behind women whose partners have migrated across borders. Method: This scoping review was guided by the five-step approach of Arksey and O’Malley. Fifty-four articles that focused on left-behind women across transnational spaces were included. Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Results: Left-behind women were primarily from Mexico ( n = 13) and the migrants’ place of destination was primarily the United States ( n = 14). We identified two major themes: (a) women’s social, economic and cultural conditions and (b) women’s well-being. Discussion: We identified significant knowledge gaps regarding left-behind women in the context of transnational migration. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Hispanic Parental Beliefs and Practices in the Management of Common Childhood Illnesses: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Acorda Darlene E. , DesOrmeaux Christina N. , Rozmus Cathy L. , Engebretson Joan C.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Hispanic parents are more likely to perceive common childhood illnesses as serious and needing immediate attention compared with other groups. The purpose of this review is to describe the factors that influence Hispanic parental management of common childhood illnesses. Method: A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature was conducted. Studies were screened and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for synthesis. Key findings include the following: (a) parental fears around common illnesses, (b) belief in folk illnesses, (c) use of traditional healers and remedies, (d) family members as a source of health information, (e) medical pluralism, and (f) barriers to care. Conclusion: Hispanic parents simultaneously engage both biomedical and folk spheres of treatment. More current research is needed to understand Hispanic beliefs and practices and to formulate culturally sensitive interventions in this population.
Enhancing Executive Function While Addressing Learner Variability in Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Vasquez Eleazar , Marino Matthew T.
Published: June 2020

Executive function is an umbrella term involving working memory, planning, organization, social inhibition, self-regulation, and cognitive flexibility. It is an area where many students with disabilities struggle. This column describes practical ways to enhance executive functioning in students with disabilities using the universal design for learning framework and executive function coaching.
The Art of Working With Nature in Nature-Based Therapies
Authors: Naor Lia , Mayseless Ofra
Published: June 2020

Background: Nature-based therapeutic approaches have largely centered on the significance of nature, as a unique setting. This article focuses on an additional perspective, that of nature as actively influencing the therapeutic process, providing significant content. Purpose: The main objective of this study was to shed light on how practitioners experience, perceive, and work with nature to serve therapeutic goals. Methodology/Approach: Grounded theory inquiry was implemented. Data included in-depth interviews conducted with 26 nature-based practitioners with different professional backgrounds from five countries and field observations of six nature-based workshops. Findings/Conclusions: Four major categories emerged: (a) A basic belief among practitioners that nature is actively influencing the therapeutic process, providing significant and relevant personal information; (b) the practitioners’ relationship with nature and its role in the therapeutic process; (c) the practice of working with nature so nature’s input is acknowledged and integrated intentionally; (d) creating the conditions for the clients’ engagement with nature as a resource via five themes. Implications: This study expands on common notions of nature-based facilitation, illuminating the possibilities and potential of integrating nature’s input as beneficial and relevant to the therapeutic process by working with nature. The operational and practical steps for working with nature are delineated.
The Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Serum Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid Ratio: An HIJ-PROPER Sub-Analysis
Authors: Arashi Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Junichi , Kawada-Watanabe Erisa , Otsuki Hisao , Sekiguchi Haruki , Ogawa Hiroshi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa
Published: June 2020

Background:

Controversy remains regarding the influence of lipid-lowering therapy on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio.

Objective:

This study aimed to clarify the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods:

This was a post hoc sub-analysis of the Heart Institute of Japan-PRoper level of lipid-lowering with pitavastatin and ezetimibe in ACS study. We compared the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio changes from baseline to the 3-month follow-up after contemporary lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin + ezetimibe therapy and pitavastatin mono-therapy.

Results:

Among patients with ACS and dyslipidemia, the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid increased significantly in the pitavastatin mono-therapy group (0.40 ± 0.26 to 0.46 ± 0.34, P < .0001) but did not increase in the pitavastatin + ezetimibe group (0.37 ± 0.22 to 0.38 ± 0.27, P = .18). When the analysis was limited to patients who received 2 mg/day of pitavastatin during the follow-up period, these trends in changes of the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio remained unchanged. Multivariate analysis showed that ezetimibe use ( P = .005; β = 0.09), ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( P = .04; β = −0.01), and baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ( P = .0003; β = 0.12) were independent predictors of the percentage change in the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio. These trends were similar even when the analysis was limited to patients who did not take statins at enrollment.

Conclusion:

Standard lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin mono-therapy improved the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio for patients with ACS. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with pitavastatin + ezetimibe did not improve the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio, although LDL-C decreased significantly. Inhibition of the improvement in the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio by adding ezetimibe may affect cardiovascular disease prognosis.
Effects of Historical Coercive Control, Historical Violence, and Lawyer Representation on Post-Separation Male Partner Violence Against Mother Litigants Who Participated in Adversarial Family Court Proceedings
Authors: Ellis Desmond , Lewis Tanice , Nepon Taryn
Published: June 2020

The primary objective of this study was to test the effects of historical male partner violence and lawyer representation on post-separation male partner violence and coercive control against mother litigants participating in adversarial family court proceedings. Toward this end, staff at two women’s shelters administered a questionnaire to 40 former residents who met the sample selection criteria. Two findings are noteworthy. First, there was a decrease in mother litigant reports of post-separation physical violence requiring a visit to a hospital. Second, post-separation male partner coercive control “most/some of the time” was reported by 97.5% of all 40 separated mother litigants who also reported experiencing historical coercive control by their male partners. Recommendations and limitations are described in the final two pages.
The microbial biofilm composition on peripherally inserted central catheters: A comparison of polyurethane and hydrophobic catheters collected from paediatric patients
Authors: Higgins Maddie , Zhang Li , Ford Rebecca , Brownlie Jeremy , Kleidon Tricia , Rickard Claire M. , Ullman Amanda
Published: June 2020

Background:

Peripherally inserted central catheters are susceptible to microbial colonisation and subsequent biofilm formation, leading to central line–associated bloodstream infection, a serious peripherally inserted central catheter–related complication. Next-generation peripherally inserted central catheter biomaterials, such as hydrophobic materials (e.g. Endexo®), may reduce microbial biofilm formation or attachment, consequently reducing the potential for central line–associated bloodstream infection.

Methods:

Within a randomised controlled trial, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were used to determine if the biomaterials used in traditional polyurethane peripherally inserted central catheters and hydrophobic peripherally inserted central catheters impacted microbial biofilm composition. This study also explored the impact of other clinical characteristics including central line–associated bloodstream infection, antibiotic therapy and dwell time on the microbial biofilm composition of peripherally inserted central catheters.

Results:

From a total of 32 patients, one peripherally inserted central catheter was determined to be colonised with Staphylococcus aureus, and on further analysis, the patient was diagnosed with central line–associated bloodstream infection. All peripherally inserted central catheters ( n = 17 polyurethane vs n = 15 hydrophobic) were populated with complex microbial communities, including peripherally inserted central catheters considered non-colonised. The two main microbial communities observed included Staphylococcus spp., dominant on the colonised peripherally inserted central catheter, and Enterococcus, dominant on non-colonised peripherally inserted central catheters. Both the peripherally inserted central catheter biomaterial design and antibiotic therapy had no significant impact on microbial communities. However, the diversity of microbial communities significantly decreased with dwell time.

Conclusion:

More diverse pathogens were present on the colonised peripherally inserted central catheter collected from the patient with central line–associated bloodstream infection. Microbial biofilm composition did not appear to be affected by the design of peripherally inserted central catheter biomaterials or antibiotic therapy. However, the diversity of the microbial communities appeared to decrease with dwell time.
Improving Indigenous student outcomes through improved teacher education: the views of Indigenous educators
Authors: Woodroffe Tracy
Published: June 2020

This article describes an alternative approach to improving Indigenous student outcomes through improved teacher education, expressed through the views of Indigenous educators. The strategies required relate to the need for a cultural shift within the current Australian education system identified by Indigenous educators. The research demonstrates how connections between Westernised education systems and knowledge of Indigenous educators provide a locus of potential for the improved educational outcomes of Indigenous students. Indigenous educators’ knowledge about teaching and their specialist knowledge about Indigenous content place them in a position of epistemological privilege. The vehicle for change in the interests of Indigenous students is teacher education, and the driving force of untapped potential is Indigenous educators.
Evaluation of Gene Expression Data From Cybrids and Tumours Highlights Elevated NDRG1-Driven Proliferation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mishra Akanksha , Bonello Maria , Byron Adam , Langdon Simon P , Sims Andrew H
Published: June 2020

Background:

Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive type of breast cancer with high risk of recurrence. It is still poorly understood and lacks any targeted therapy, which makes it difficult to treat. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms and pathways that are dysregulated in triple-negative breast cancer.

Methods:

To investigate the role of mitochondria in triple-negative breast cancer progression, we analysed previously reported gene expression data from triple-negative breast cancer cybrids with SUM-159 as the nuclear donor cell and SUM-159 or A1N4 (c-SUM-159, c-A1N4) as the mitochondrial donor cells and with 143B as the nuclear donor cell and MCF-10A or MDA-MB-231 (c-MCF-10A, c-MDA-MB-231) as the mitochondrial donor cells. The role of potential biomarkers in cell proliferation and migration was examined in SUM-159 and MDA-MB-231 cells using sulforhodamine B and wound healing assays.

Results:

Rank product analysis of cybrid gene expression data identified 149 genes which were significantly up-regulated in the cybrids with mitochondria from the cancer cell line. Analysis of previously reported breast tumour gene expression datasets confirmed 9 of the 149 genes were amplified, up-regulated, or down-regulated in more than 10% of the patients. The genes included NDRG1, PVT1, and EXT1, which are co-located in cytoband 8q24, which is frequently amplified in breast cancer. NDRG1 showed the largest down-regulation in the cybrids with benign mitochondria and was associated with poor prognosis in a breast cancer clinical dataset. Knockdown of NDRG1 expression significantly decreased proliferation of SUM-159 triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that mitochondria-regulated nuclear gene expression helps breast cancer cells survive and proliferate, consistent with previous work focusing on an Src gene signature which is mitochondria regulated and drives malignancy in breast cancer cybrids. This is the first study to show that mitochondria in triple-negative breast cancer mediate significant up-regulation of a number of genes, and silencing of NDRG1 leads to significant reduction in proliferation.
Learning and music composition: An analysis of composers’ testimonies
Authors: Duarte António M , Constantinidi Niki P
Published: June 2020

This article reports part of the results of a larger study, where the goal was to explore music composer’s representations of music composition. Previously published interviews of 57 established vanguard contemporary music composers (based across continents) were subject to a thematic analysis, validated by an independent analysis of a percentage of those interviews. The analysis revealed two overarching dimensions relating to learning. The first of those dimensions referred to the experience of developing the competency to compose and the second dimension referred to learning as changing through composing. First of those dimensions involves a diversity of aspects (i.e., learning context, learning process, learning product), for which a variety of notions emerged from the interview analysis. Second dimension also comprises a variety of aspects (i.e., insights on other realities, insights on sounds, increased self-awareness). Implications for the teaching and learning of musical composition are drawn.
Policy implementation and refugee settlement: The perceptions and experiences of street-level bureaucrats in Launceston, Tasmania
Authors: James Ivan , Julian Roberta
Published: June 2020

The roles played by professional frontline service providers in the implementation of refugee settlement policy in Australia have not been researched in depth. Australia plays a leading part in settling 18,740 refugees annually. This qualitative investigation interviewed 20 professionals engaged in this activity in Launceston, Tasmania and employed Lipsky’s concept of ‘street-level bureaucrats’ to explicate their decision-making processes as they implemented public policy. The findings suggest that the majority of participants contextualised and individualised the delivery of benefits and services. In doing so, their worldviews, values, and professional experience led them to ‘turn a blind eye’, ‘bend the rules’, or even engage in bureaucratic versions of guerrilla warfare to achieve what they believed to be the best outcome for their clients. This research is significant because it demonstrates that street-level bureaucrats may escape the constraints of neoliberal managerialism by exercising creative beneficent discretion that aligns with policy objectives.
Relationship between the Dental Aesthetic Index and Discrepancy Index
Authors: Plaza Sonia P , Aponte Claudia M , Bejarano Sonia R , Martínez York J , Serna Soraya , Barbosa-Liz Diana M
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To establish the association between malocclusion severity and orthodontic case complexity as assessed by the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the American Board of Orthodontics Discrepancy Index (ABO-DI), respectively.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Pre-treatment dental casts and radiographs from 500 individuals (294 women and 206 men; mean age = 26.06 ± 11.58 years) were randomly selected from the orthodontics department of a private university.

Methods:

Malocclusion severity was assessed using DAI and case complexity was evaluated with ABO-DI. Three previously calibrated operators performed the measurements. Spearman’s correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test and a linear generalised model were used for statistical evaluation ( P < 0.05 was considered significant).

Results:

Although the correlation (r = 0.45; P < 0.0001) between malocclusion severity and case complexity was moderate, strong evidence of an association ( P < 0.001) between dichotomised DAI and ABO-DI total scores was observed. The linear generalised model showed that for each point of increase in DAI score, the ABO-DI score increased an average of 0.3624 points ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

An association between malocclusion severity and case complexity is suggested. A linear generalised model could be used to predict the complexity of the case from the malocclusion severity (DAI score).
Gamma Radiation-Attenuated Toxoplasma gondii Provokes Apoptosis in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice Generating Long-Lasting Immunity
Authors: Hafez Eman N. , Moawed Fatma S. M. , Abdel-Hamid Gehan R. , Elbakary Nermeen M.
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Pathological angiogenesis and apoptosis evasions are common hallmarks of cancer. A different approach to the antitumor effect of parasitic diseases caused by certain protozoans and helminthes had been adopted in recent years as they can affect many cancer characteristics. The present work is an attempt to assess the effect of gamma radiation-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii ME49 as an antiapoptotic and angiogenic regulator modifier on tumor growth aimed at improving cancer protective protocols.

Methods:

Attenuated Toxoplasma gondii ME49 was administered orally to mice 2 weeks before inoculation with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma to allow stimulation of the immune response. Hepatic histopathology and immune responses were determined for each group.

Results:

Marked suppression of the tumor proliferation with induction of long-lasting immunity by stimulating interferon γ and downregulating transforming growth factor β. The level of tumor promoting inflammatory markers (STAT-3 and tumor necrosis factor α), the angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor A, integrin, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 and matrix metallopeptidase 9), as well as nitric oxide concentration were significantly decreased. This was collimated with an improvement in apoptotic regulators (cytochrome-c, Bax, Bak, and caspase 3) in liver tissues of vaccinated mice group compared to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing one. Moreover, the histopathological investigations confirmed this improvement.

Conclusion:

Hence, there is an evidence of potency of radiation attenuated Toxoplasma vaccine in immune activation and targeting tumor cell that can be used as a prophylactic or an adjuvant in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
The Feasibility and Efficacy of an Israeli Lifestyle Redesign®–Based Program for Well Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Maeir Talia , Beit-Yosef Aviva , Wechsler Tamar , Safra Yael , Zilbershlag Yael , Katz Noomi , Gilboa Yafit
Published: June 2020

The Israeli Lifestyle Program (ILP) was adapted from the original Lifestyle Redesign® intervention, aiming to enhance health, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the ILP. The design of the study entailed a non-randomized trial with a 3-month follow-up including 18 women aged 65 to 81 recruited from a community center. The research group ( n = 9) participated in 15 weekly group meetings and three individual sessions. The control group ( n = 9) received an information booklet based on the ILP content. Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in change scores in favor of the research group for occupational performance ( U = 19.0, p = .03), environmental ( U = 21.5, p = .04), and social ( U = 20.5, p = .03) QoL factors. Findings also revealed reduction in depressive symptoms ( U = 24.0, p = .07). These findings suggest community group programs for improving occupational performance and QoL.
Frontal Beta Activity in the Meta-Intention of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Liao Yu-Chi , Guo Nai-Wen , Su Bei-Yi , Chen Shin-Jaw , Tsai Hsing-Fang , Lee Kuan-Ying
Published: June 2020

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high theta and low beta activity in the frontal lobe. The higher the theta/beta ratio, the lower the level of central nervous system (CNS) cortical arousal. However, there is seldom evidence between electroencephalograms (EEGs) and the patient’s intentionality to regulate the cortical activity of executive attention tasks. We investigated whether children with ADHD intended to improve their performance in executive attention tasks and whether that increased their brain activity. Fifty-one children with ADHD (ADHD) and 51 typical developing (TD) children were investigated using focused attention (FA) and search attention (SA) tasks and a simultaneous EEG. The children were then regrouped as faster (ADHD-F, TD-F) and slower (ADHD-S, TD-S) depending on reaction time (RT). Quantitative EEGs of frontal lobe theta and beta activity at frontal F3, F4, and Fz were used. Twenty-eight (54.9%) ADHD children were regrouped as ADHD-S and 14 (27.5%) as TD-S. The ADHD-S group, however, had poorer FA and SA performance than the other 3 groups did: fewer correct answers, more frequent impulsive and missing errors, and higher RT variations. There were no significant differences in theta activity, but the TD-S group had higher beta activity than the ADHD-S group did. We conclude that the ADHD-F and ADHD-S groups had different attention processes. beta activity did not increase in the ADHD-S group, and their executive attention performance in the FA and SA tests was poor. It seems ADHD-S had poor meta-intention function. The frontal beta activity might be a feasible training target of neurofeedback in ADHD-S patients.
Expansive and Contractive Postures and Movement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Motor Displays on Affective and Behavioral Responses
Authors: Elkjær Emma , Mikkelsen Mai B. , Michalak Johannes , Mennin Douglas S. , O’Toole Mia S.
Published: June 2020

This review and meta-analysis explores the experimental effects of expansive and contractive motor displays on affective, hormonal, and behavioral responses. Experimental studies were located through systematic literature searches. Studies had to manipulate motor displays to either expansive or contractive displays and investigate the effect of the displays on affect, hormones, or overt behavior. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the pooled, standardized mean differences between the effects of motor displays on affective, hormonal, and behavioral responses. From 5,819 unique records, 73 relevant studies were identified. Robust differences between expansive and contractive displays emerged for affective responses and overt behavioral responses across contexts, type of manipulation, and methods of measurement. The results suggest that the effects are driven by the absence of contractive motor displays (contractive vs. neutral displays: Hedges’s g = 0.45) rather than the presence of expansive displays (expansive vs. neutral displays: g = 0.06). The findings stand as a corrective to previous research, as they indicate that it is the absence of contractive displays rather than the presence of expansive displays that alters affective and behavioral responding. Future research should include neutral control groups, use different methods to assess hormonal change, and investigate these effects in the context of ideographic goals.
Orthographic and phonological activation in Hong Kong deaf readers: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Thierfelder Philip , Wigglesworth Gillian , Tang Gladys
Published: June 2020

We used an error disruption paradigm to investigate how deaf readers from Hong Kong, who had varying levels of reading fluency, use orthographic, phonological, and mouth-shape-based (i.e., “visemic”) codes during Chinese sentence reading while also examining the role of contextual information in facilitating lexical retrieval and integration. Participants had their eye movements recorded as they silently read Chinese sentences containing orthographic, homophonic, homovisemic, or unrelated errors. Sentences varied in terms of how much contextual information was available leading up to the target word. Fixation time analyses revealed that in early fixation measures, deaf readers activated word meanings primarily through orthographic representations. However, in contexts where targets were highly predictable, fixation times on homophonic errors decreased relative to those on unrelated errors, suggesting that higher levels of contextual predictability facilitated early phonological activation. In the measure of total reading time, results indicated that deaf readers activated word meanings primarily through orthographic representations, but they also appeared to activate word meanings through visemic representations in late error recovery processes. Examining the influence of reading fluency level on error recovery processes, we found that, in comparison to deaf readers with lower reading fluency levels, those with higher reading fluency levels could more quickly resolve homophonic and orthographic errors in the measures of gaze duration and total reading time, respectively. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical implications of these findings as they relate to the lexical quality hypothesis and the dual-route cascaded model of reading by deaf adults.
The self-defining period in autobiographical memory: Evidence from a long-running radio show
Authors: Loveday Catherine , Woy Amy , Conway Martin A
Published: June 2020

This study is the first to demonstrate that a self-defining period (SP) for personally relevant music emerges spontaneously in a public naturalistic setting. While previous research has demonstrated that people tend to have better memory and preference for songs from their teenage years, the theoretical relevance of these studies has been limited by their reliance on forced-choice methodology and a confinement to contemporary popular Western music. Here, we examine the record choices of famous guests ( n = 80; mean age = 61.6 years) interviewed for Desert Island Discs, a long-running popular radio programme on BBC Radio 4. Half of all choices were shown to have been most important between the ages of 10 and 30 years, and the most popular reason for their relevance was the song’s link to memories of a person, period, or place. We suggest that music is a defining feature of the SP, intrinsically connected to the developing self.
Theoretical investigations on the HOMO–LUMO gap and global reactivity descriptor studies, natural bond orbital, and nucleus-independent chemical shifts analyses of 3-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-imine and its para-substituted derivatives: Solvent and substituent effects
Authors: Miar Marzieh , Shiroudi Abolfazl , Pourshamsian Khalil , Oliaey Ahmad Reza , Hatamjafari Farhad
Published: June 2020

Natural bond orbital analysis, salvation, and substituent effects of electron-releasing (–CH3, –OH) and electron-withdrawing (–Cl, –NO2, –CF3) groups at para positions on the molecular structure of synthesized 3-phenylbenzo[ d]thiazole-2(3 H)-imine and its derivatives in selected solvents (acetone, toluene, and ethanol) and in the gas phase by employing the polarizable continuum method model are studied using the M06-2x method and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The relative stability of the studied compounds is influenced by the possibility of intramolecular interactions between substituents and the electron donor–acceptor centers of the thiazole ring. Furthermore, atomic charges, electron density, chemical thermodynamics, energetic properties, dipole moments, and nucleus-independent chemical shifts of the studied compounds and their relative stability are considered. The dipole moment values and the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps reveal different charge-transfer possibilities within the considered molecules. Finally, natural bond orbital analysis is carried out to picture the charge transfer between the localized bonds and lone pairs.
Tuberculosis and targeted synthetic or biologic DMARDs, beyond tumor necrosis factor inhibitors
Authors: Evangelatos Gerasimos , Koulouri Vasiliki , Iliopoulos Alexios , Fragoulis George E
Published: June 2020

Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) have an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). The use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and glucocorticoids in these patients has been associated with an increased prevalence of latent TB reactivation. Over the last few years, several biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), other than TNFi (e.g. rituximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, secukinumab) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) [e.g. apremilast, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors] have been used for the treatment of patients with ARD. For many of these drugs, especially the newer ones like JAK inhibitors or antibodies against interleukin (IL)-23, most data stem from randomized clinical trials and few are available from real life clinical experience. We sought to review the current evidence for TB risk in patients with ARD treated with tsDMARDs or bDMARDs, other than TNFi. It seems that some of these drugs are associated with a lower TB risk, indirectly compared with TNFi treatment. In fact, it appears that rituximab, apremilast and inhibitors of IL-17 and IL-23 might be safer, while more data are needed for JAK inhibitors. As seen in TNFi, risk for TB is more pronounced in TB-endemic areas. Screening for latent TB must precede initiation of any tsDMARDs or bDMARDs. The growing use of non-TNFi agents has raised the need for more real-life studies that would compare the risk for TB between TNFi and other treatment modalities for ARD. Knowledge about the TB-safety profile of these drugs could help in the decision of drug choice in patients with confirmed latent TB infection or in TB endemic areas.
Doubtful swelling on clinical examination reflects synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mandl Peter , Studenic Paul , Supp Gabriela , Durechova Martina , Haider Stefanie , Lehner Michaela , Stamm Tanja , Smolen Josef S. , Aletaha Daniel
Published: June 2020

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the implication of doubtful joint swelling on clinical examination with respect to objective markers of synovitis by ultrasound (US) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods:

Two independent observers performed a modified 28 swollen joint assessment (28SJC), in which joints could be graded as either definitely swollen, non-swollen, or doubtfully swollen. Two examiners blinded to clinical information performed US assessment of the hands. We performed descriptive statistics and models to analyse the links between clinical assessment and objective markers of inflammation.

Results:

A total of 1204 joints were evaluated in 43 RA patients; 93% (40/43) of patients had ⩾1 joint with doubtful swelling (range: 0–4/patient). Inter-reader reliability for the modified 28SJC was good (0.74). Generally, both grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) discriminated across not swollen, doubtful, and swollen joints. GS signals discriminated better than PD between doubtful swelling and no swelling [odds ratio (OR) for GS: 5.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–23.3 versus OR for PD 1.7; 95% CI 0.2–13.0], whereas PD discriminated better than GS between swelling and doubtful swelling (OR for PD: 28.7; 95% CI 3.6–228.2 versus GS: 1.7; 95% CI 0.3–8.4). Joint osteophytes did not increase the degree of doubtfulness.

Conclusion:

Clinical doubt in the assessment of joint swelling constitutes an intermediate state between unequivocal swelling and the lack thereof also regarding the objectively quantified level of inflammation. In order to increase sensitivity for joint inflammation, the historical clinical approach of considering doubtful swelling the absence of swelling should be revisited to interpret clinical doubtfulness as an indication of swelling.
Indigenous Ecohumanist Architecture for Health in Canada’s Far North
Authors: Verderber Stephen , Wolf Jake Pauls , Skouris Erik
Published: June 2020

Background:

Circumpolar nations are experiencing unprecedented environmental and public health policy challenges due to global climate change, exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources, the endangerment of myriad wildlife species, and growing sovereignty disputes. In a call to action, the Arctic states’ health ministers recently signed a declaration identifying shared priorities for mutual international cooperation. Among agreed-upon collaborations, an enhancement of intercultural understanding and promotion of culturally appropriate healthcare delivery systems is to be of high priority going forward.

Purpose and Aim:

In far north Canada, health policies perpetuated for generations upon indigenous communities have, traditionally, often had adverse consequences for the medically underserved inhabitants of these communities. This discussion addresses the cultural disconnect between the colonial era and current indigenous, decolonialist health and healing design strategies.

Method and Result:

In response, two architectural design case studies are presented that synthesize ecological site planning precepts with salutogenic architectural design attributes—a behavioral health and substance abuse residential treatment center and three elderhousing prototypes for construction in Canada’s Northwest Territories.

Conclusion:

This conceptual synthesis is practicable, transferable, and adaptable to varied, extreme climatic conditions, as reflective of best practices in the delivery of healthcare facilities that express a synthesis of ecohumanist and salutogenic values and methodologies. The discussion concludes with a call for empathic, evidence-based collaboration and research that further examines the blending together of prefabricated off-site construction with on-site construction approaches.
Adverse articulation: Third countries in China–Australia student migration during COVID-19
Authors: Haugen Heidi Østbø , Lehmann Angela
Published: June 2020

Southeast Asian countries were articulated with the Australia–China value chain for educational services early in the COVID-19 outbreak, when travelers from China could enter Australia only via stopovers in third countries. The routes, advertised by migration brokers, allowed Australia to externalize risk of infection while profiting from international student mobility.
Territorial traps in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Fenglong , Zou Sainan , Liu Yungang
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is global in scope, yet responses to the pandemic have varied considerably by national context, thereby reinforcing what Agnew (1994) has called the ‘territorial trap’. This commentary extends geographical scholarship by considering three territorial traps at play in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly pertaining to the governance of international travel and migration, inter-state coordination, and territorial thinking.
Varicose vein on right tibia, post-traumatic varicose ulcer, and bone exposure: A case report
Authors: Li Hong , Qin Yue , Wang Liquan , Tang Lin , Zhao Wenguang , Zhang Wenjia , Dou Haichuan
Published: June 2020

Varicose ulcer, a severe symptom of chronic venous insufficiency, may be refractory to treatment when accompanied by bone exposure. The lack of a blood supply and fresh granulation tissue on the exposed bone can result in a protracted healing time. A 59-year-old man suffered from varicose veins for 10 years, a varicose ulcer for 1 year, and an exposed right tibia for 40 days after using traditional Chinese medicinal plasters. The patient was treated with conventional high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein, segmental endovenous laser ablation, bone drilling, and a free skin graft. Patient outcome is satisfactory 2 years after discharge. We present a rare case of varicose ulcer in association with bone exposure. Tibia drilling with Kirschner wire was used to allow blood flow and provide nutrients for the formation of granulation tissue over the exposed bone and wound healing. Subsequently, free skin grafting was used during reconstructive surgery to replace skin loss on the right calf. Physicians encountering this rare condition in clinical practice should consider our treatment approach as a successful limb-preserving option for these patients.
Of ‘black boxes’ and algorithmic decision-making in (higher) education – A commentary
Authors: Prinsloo Paul
Published: June 2020

Higher education institutions have access to higher volumes and a greater variety and granularity of student data, often in real-time, than ever before. As such, the collection, analysis and use of student data are increasingly crucial in operational and strategic planning, and in delivering appropriate and effective learning experiences to students. Student data – not only in what data is (not) collected, but also how the data is framed and used – has material and discursive effects, both permanent and fleeting. We have to critically engage claims that artificial intelligence and the ever expansive/expanding systems of algorithmic decision-making provide speedy, accessible, revealing, panoramic, prophetic and smart analyses of students' risks, potential and learning needs. We need to pry open the black boxes higher education institutions (and increasingly venture capital and learning management system providers) use to admit, steer, predict and prescribe students’ learning journeys.
What’s so good about participation? Politics, ethics and love in Learning Together
Authors: Armstrong Ruth , Ludlow Amy
Published: June 2020

This article tells the story of our movement towards using participatory approaches in an action research project aiming to understand the experiences and impacts of belonging to learning communities that span prison and university walls. We draw on our experiences over the past 5 years of building learning communities involving students from higher education and criminal justice organisations and describe some of our attempts to provide creative opportunities for participation and voice within research. We highlight some of the benefits that we have seen through adopting these approaches, as well as some of the discomforts that we, and our students, have experienced. We use these examples to question for whom we think participation ‘works’, whether participation is always good, or whether it can, rather, sometimes cause harm, and the extent to which participation addresses some of the ethical concerns levelled at more traditional approaches to social science research, including matters of power, purpose, positioning and personhood. Using the work of Cantillon and Lynch as an orienting framework, in the conclusions we return to their arguments to suggest that the benefits of participatory action research might not be in alleviating these ethical concerns, but rather in establishing affective links between people occupying different roles within research, thus imbuing the process with love. This has the potential to transform all of the actors, and the research itself.
Clinical and Radiographic Comparison Between Open Versus Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Bilateral Facetectomies
Authors: Le Hai , Anderson Ryan , Phan Eileen , Wick Joseph , Barber Joshua , Roberto Rolando , Klineberg Eric , Javidan Yashar
Published: June 2020

Study Design:

Age- and sex-matched cohort study.

Objectives:

To compare outcomes after open versus minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) with bilateral facetectomies.

Methods:

We retrospectively compared patients who underwent single- or 2-level MIS-TLIF with an age- and sex-matched open-TLIF cohort. Surgical data was collected for operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and drain use. Clinical outcomes included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), length of stay (LOS), complications, and reoperations. Lumbar radiographs were measured for changes in global lumbar lordosis (LL) and segmental lordosis (SL).

Results:

Between 2016 and 2020, 38 MIS-TLIF patients were compared with 38 open-TLIF patients. No subfascial drain was used in the MIS-TLIF group ( P < .001). The MIS-TLIF group had longer operative time (310.8 vs 276.5 minutes; P = .046) but less EBL (282.4 vs 420.8 mL; P = .007). LOS ( P = .15), complication rates ( P = .50), and revision rates ( P = .17) were equivalent. VAS and ODI improved but did not differ between groups. In the open-TLIF group, LL and SL were restored or improved in 81.6% and 86.9% of cases, respectively. In the MIS-TLIF group, LL and SL were restored or improved in 86.8% and 97.4% of cases, respectively. There were no differences in changes in LL and SL between groups.

Conclusions:

Compared with the age- and sex-matched open-TLIF cohort, patients undergoing MIS-TLIF had reduced EBL and subfascial drain use but increased operative time. There were no differences in complications, reoperations, or LOS. Both groups demonstrated improvement in VAS and ODI. MIS-TLIF with bilateral facetectomies provided equivalent improvements in global and segmental LL.