bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of ESG Regulations and Taxonomy on the Credit Process in Commercial Banks
Authors: Kosztowniak Aneta
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to present the impact of legal regulations in the field of sustainable development (ESG) and taxonomies on the course of credit processes in commercial banks.
Methodology refers to studies of legal regulations, comparative analysis of cases (case study) and inference.
Results of the research show that the implementation of ESG regulations and taxonomies and the adaptation of credit processes in commercial banks will result in structural changes in loan portfolios in the near future while moving away from financing dirty industries towards the green ones. As a result, the financing stream for green assets and those supporting sustainable development will be increased, while the financing of dirty assets will be significantly reduced due to the increase in risks and accompanying costs for customers and banks. It is expected that even if some banks grant loans to finance dirty assets, they will only be short-term loans and will require high servicing costs (commission, margin, legal security, and insurance). This is due to the fact that the portfolio with credit exposures in the so-called dirty industries (mining, construction, trade) will escalate the increase in ESG risk. Such a portfolio with dirty exposures will require banks to secure additional reserve capital to maintain higher general and sector systemic risk buffers. Some banks will completely stop financing assets from dirty industries, which will mean that some of them will be abandoned due to the lack or high costs of their modernization, intensifying the negative socio-economic consequences. The ongoing process of redirecting the financing stream to green assets in banks means that enterprises and households need to take earlier adaptation actions. These include actions against financing constraints in dirty sectors and likely future losses in infrastructure and assets related to them.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBIASAAN MEMBACA NADHOM IMRITHI PRA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HAFALAN SANTRI KECIL PONDOK PESANTREN DARUS SYAKIRIN GRUJUGAN LARANGAN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Yaqin Ainul , Kutsiyyah
Published: June 2024

Kajian tentang Pondok Pesantren dengan ragam jenis dan inovasi-inovasi programnya yang kian hari semakin dinamis progresif memang selalu menarik perhatian para peneliti. Salah satunya, adalah adanya motivasi dan prestasi sebagian besar santri PP. Darus Syakirin Grujugan Larangan Pamekasan yang rerata masih kecil dan berusia sekitar 11 tahun, namun telah mampu menghafal 254 bait nadhom imrithi lengkap dengan “murod” atau pemahamannya dalam waktu yang relatif singkat sekitar 5 bulan, hanya dengan cara pembiasaan membaca nadhom imrithi pra pembelajaran di pagi hari setelah berjamaah shalat subuh dan malam hari setelah berjamaah shalat isya’ dengan sistem evaluasi penyetoran hafalan tanpa target sesuai kehendak santri setelah berjamaah shalat dhuhur dan pelaksanaan “takror” atau pengulangan membaca bersama hingga “khatam” atau tuntas setiap malam selasa dan malam jum’at.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS DAN TOLERANSI SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MELALUI PEMBIASAAN DI MADRASAH
Authors: Alvia Amalani  , Rosyidi Zudan
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pembiasaan baik di Madrasah berperan dalam pembentukan karakter religius dan toleransi siswa di jenjang madrasah ibtidaiyah. Penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pembiasaan yang dilakukan di Madrasah dan juga bagaimana dampaknya terhadap peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Etnografi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek yang digunakan adalah para peserta didik di MINU KH Mukmin Sidoarjo. Teknik pengambilan data melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwasanya MINU KH Mukmin menanamkan nilai karakter religius dan toleransi kepada peserta didik melalui pembiasaan di madrasah. Pembiasaan tersebut diantaranya yakni pembacaan kitab sulam safina, pembiasaan sholat jum’at bagi laki-laki, dan mengaji kitab akhlaqul banat untuk perempuan pada kelas 4,5, dan 6. Selain itu, terdapat kegiatan lain yang menunjang pembentukan karakter tersebut seperti kegiatan belajar mengajar dan ekstrakurikuler.
KONSEP PENILAIAN PORTOFOLIO BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI
Authors: Nisrofah Siti
Published: June 2024

Penilaian portofolio seringkali tidak terlalu bermakna, bahkan jarang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran PAI. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat konsep penilaian portofolio berbasis multiple intelligence dalam pembelajaran PAI agar dapat memetakan potensi siswa berdasarkan kecerdasannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menganalisis informasi tentang topik penelitian melalui berbagai literatur relevan seperti buku dan artikel jurnal. Teknik analisis yang digunakan melalui kondensasi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep penilaian portofolio berbasis multiple intelligence dalam pembelajaran PAI dilakukan melalui kesepakatan antara guru dan siswa mulai dari rencana, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, hingga pemetaan potensi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penilaian portofolio berbasis multiple intelligence dalam pembelajaran PAI menitikberatkan pada proses pengorganisasian dokumen hasil belajar secara terstruktur melalui proyek berbasis multiple intelligence.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL ASESMEN KOMPETENSI MINIMUM (AKM) PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA MAHASISWA PAI B ANGKATAN 2021 UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hadianto Fahmi
Published: June 2024

Hasil dari penilaian global yang dilakukan oleh Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) mengindikasikan bahwa nilai literasi dan numerasi peserta didik Indonesia terus menurun setiap tahun. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Indonesia melalui kurikulum baru menerapkan Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) untuk meningkatkan nilai literasi dan numerasi peserta didik. Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) memiliki tujuan yang kompleks, sehingga perlu dikembangkan menjadi soal AKM. Untuk menghasilkan soal AKM yang berkualitas, perlu dilakukan analisis butir soal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis butir soal AKM PAI guna untuk pengembangan soal AKM yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga) dengan subjeknya adalah 30 mahasiswa PAI B angkatan 2021 selama 1 bulan. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode pengembangan dan validasi yang dirancang oleh Adams dan Wieman. Proses ini melibatkan empat langkah utama: perencanaan, pengembangan, validasi, dan uji coba. Untuk analisis data, digunakan uji Aiken V dan uji validitas empiris melalui aplikasi Quest. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa seluruh 10 butir soal AKM PAI telah memenuhi kriteria valid, memiliki reliabilitas yang memadai, dan tingkat kesukarannya termasuk dalam kategori baik.
Análisis estructural y modelamiento molecular de los receptores de odorante Or4 de mosquitos Aedes aegypti
Authors: Soto-Ospina Alejandro , Pino Sebastián , Bedoya Gabriel , Araque Pedronel , Rojas-Montoya Winston
Published: June 2024

Los receptores de odorantes OR4 acoplados a co-receptores como Orco, son importantes estructuras multiproteicas que permiten la interacción con moléculas de odorante, esenciales en la detección de nutrientes en la dieta de mosquitos Aedes aegypti, para entender como el cambio de haplotipos entre mosquitos salvajes y mosquitos urbanos pueden tener una relación estructural a nivel tridimensional, se hizo el modelado de haplotipos A, B, G (Zoófagos) y C, D, E, F (Antropófagos) que no tienen estructura reportada a partir de un predictor por homología, los posteriores refinamientos por homología fueron realizados para obtener un modelo de reconstrucción por biología estructural ideal para hacer la comparación tridimensional. Los alineamientos de las estructuras tridimensionales se hicieron con el algoritmo Needleman Wunsch y se encontró relación entre los haplotipos zoófagos y antropófagos. Asimismo, los cambios estructurales obtenidos en los haplotipos altamente diferenciados a nivel genético no presentaron una relación tridimensional.
Regulación de la angiogénesis por antioxidantes en el cáncer de mama triple negativo
Authors: Guzmán-Méndez Evert , González-Garrido José Arnold , De la Cruz Cano Eduardo , López Victorio Carlos Javier
Published: June 2024

El cáncer de mama triple negativo (CMTN) está relacionado con un peor pronóstico y un comportamiento más agresivo. Este subtipo cuenta con una mayor frecuencia de metástasis, la cual se ve favorecida por el proceso vascularización relacionado a la angiogénesis tumoral. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar un análisis de expresión diferencial y ontología de genes (GO) en células MDA-MB-468 en respuesta al tratamiento con el antioxidante CAT-SKL, el análisis se realizó utilizando secuencias públicas contenidas en la base de datos Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). La angiogénesis fue una de las ontologías que resultó subexpresada (DR) por el tratamiento con CAT-SKL. Los genes proangiogénicos KDR, EGR3, CCN2, S100A7, PDGFRA y FN1 se observaron disminuidos, mientras que el gen antiangiogénico IL18 se mantuvo incrementado. Adicionalmente encontramos que ontologías relacionadas con el transporte de aminoácidos se presentan sobreexpresadas (UR).
Bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre provenientes de diferentes rizosferas de mangles
Authors: Fuentes Domínguez I , Ojeda-Morales M. E. , Morales Bautista C. M.
Published: June 2024

Los microorganismos desempeñan un rol importante en la degradación de petróleo en diversos ecosistemas contaminados; sin embargo, existen organismos resilientes con la capacidad de metabolizarlo. Por lo tanto, se investigan alternativas para remediar estos sitios a través de la biotecnología con el uso de microrganismos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre capaces de degradar petróleo. Los microorganismos se obtuvieron a partir de las rizósferas de mangle: rojo (Rhizophora mangle), blanco (Laguncularia racemosa) y negro (Avicennia germinans), las cuales estaban libres de petróleo. De las tres rizósferas se obtuvieron 16 cepas bacterianas, las cuales se caracterizaron fenotípicamente, y posteriormente se sometieron a crecimiento en Agar Bushnell Hass y   triple 17 con petróleo como única fuente de carbono, y determinar si eran petrofílicas. Los resultados demostraron tres especies de cepas bacterianas petrofílicas identificadas como: B1MR, B3MR perteneciente del mangle rojo y B2MN mangle negro.
Contaminación y deficiencia de la calidad por uso de suelos agrícolas: una revisión cualitativa
Authors: Ramos González Betel del C. , Lunagómez Rocha M. A. , Pérez-Vidal H.
Published: June 2024

Tabasco es uno de los estados mayor productor de semillas de “cacao”, esto conlleva a que los suelos presenten contaminación por el desarrollo de actividades agrícolas. Los agroquímicos, contienen metales pesados y ocasionan efectos nocivos para el medio ambiente. Esta es una problemática que han impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas sobre el uso de agroquímicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la cultura implementada por el productor, aplicación de agroquímicos, y el conocimiento de medidas de prevención para reducir la presencia de contaminantes, desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Realizamos 2 entrevistas semiestructuradas, la primera dirigida a un productor que usa productos orgánicos y la segunda a uno que trabaja con agroquímicos. Como resultados: los productores usan los agroquímicos con criterios empíricos que conllevan a un inadecuado desempeño de estos productos. La experiencia se constituye en el conocimiento transmitido de generación en generación de la forma de cultivar las tierras.
Síntesis de Ugi de tres componentes en presencia de metales de transición. Obtención de N-bencil-2-fenil-2-(fenilamino)acetamida
Authors: Puga Hernández María Anita , Cuauhtémoc López Ignacio , Roa de la Fuente Luis Fernando , Ramos Rivera Erika Madeleyne , Velasco Ximello Manuel , Alvarado Sánchez Cuauhtémoc
Published: June 2024

En este artículo se presenta la síntesis de la N-bencil-2-fenil-2-(fenilamino)acetamida (1) bajo las condiciones de la reacción de Ugi de tres componentes (U-3CR), utilizando nanopartículas metálicas como catalizadores. El producto (1) se obtuvo en rendimiento de 85% bajo las condiciones optimizadas.
TOWARD DEVELOPING PRIMARY SCHOOL LEARNERS’ READING SKILLS: AN ANALYSIS OF TOP-DOWN, BOTTOM-UP AND INTERACTIVE APPROACHES.
Authors:   Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, the IIE's Varsity College, Sandton, South Africa, Mather Dr Nazarana
Published: June 2024

Literacy education internationally is still in crisis. Only a third of 10-year-olds globally are estimated to be able to read and understand a simple written story [Unicef, 2022]. Out of 45 countries who participated in the international PIRLS testing between 2016 and 2021, the data reveals that 28 countries (or 62%) show that in 2021 more children were below minimum reading proficiency than in 2016, with the most noted differences visible in in Azerbaijan, Latvia, Kazakhstan, and South Africa [Saavedra, Fazili, Ning Wong, Geven & Cloutier, 2023]. In SA children are performing poorly against their African counterparts in international tests and in tests conducted within the country [Mather, 2019]. Thus, an obvious choice of research area in attempting to discover causes for this dismal situation is to find out what is happening in terms of learning and teaching every day in the classrooms of our schools. A practical entry point for this is the teaching practices of our teachers, particularly those directly related to reading development of our school children. This desk study sought to gain insight into approaches that can be used to effectively to develop middle school learners’ reading skills. Desk research or secondary research is a research method that involves using already existing data by conducting research through web searches, online platforms, industry reports, or even physical books [Gell, 2020]. In this study rigorous research has been conducted using online platforms such as Sabinet and Ebscohost to source credible, relevant, and current research related to phenomenon that is being investigated. The study further provided an example of how the interactive approach to reading has been applied in a particular context. It was found that the whilst the interactive approach has shortcomings, it has advocated, and can be adapted for most middle school classrooms. It was concluded that some research has been conducted into writing development. However more research about how the different approaches have been applied in different contexts needs to be conducted to provide useful strategies to support learners’ reading skills and go some way in overcoming the literacy crisis.
The evolving role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cervical and endometrial cancer
Authors: Martinez-Cannon Bertha Alejandra , Colombo Ilaria
Published: June 2024

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for numerous tumor types, including cervical and endometrial cancers. Multiple ICIs against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in controlled clinical studies for advanced cervical and endometrial cancers. For advanced cervical cancer, approved ICIs as second-line treatment include cemiplimab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab as single agents. In the first-line treatment setting, options include pembrolizumab alone or in combination with bevacizumab, as well as atezolizumab combined with a backbone platinum-based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. Additionally, for locally advanced cervical cancer, pembrolizumab is recommended alongside concurrent chemoradiotherapy. For endometrial cancer, pembrolizumab monotherapy, pembrolizumab in combination with lenvatinib, and dostarlimab are currently approved as second-line treatment options. Moreover, either dostarlimab or pembrolizumab can be added to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for mismatch repair deficient malignancies. Although the inclusion of these agents in clinical practice has led to improved overall response rates and survival outcomes, many patients still lack benefits, possibly due to multiple intrinsic and adaptive resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy. This review aims to highlight the rationale for utilizing ICIs and their current role, while also delineating the proposed mechanisms of resistance to ICIs in cervical and endometrial cancer.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in powdered infant formula: potential exposures and health risks
Authors: Bogdan Alexander R , Klos Kristine S , Greene Christopher W , Huset Carin A , Barry Kitrina M , Goeden Helen M
Published: June 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of human-made persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic compounds. People can be exposed to PFAS through many different pathways, including food, drinking water, and PFAS-containing consumer products. Infants are recognized as particularly susceptible to the harmful effects of PFAS while also being among the most highly exposed populations. Exposure to PFAS begins in utero via placental transfer and can continue after birth from environmental exposures and breastfeeding. PFAS-contaminated water, if used to mix infant formula, is an important potential exposure route for formula-fed infants because they consume more fluid on a per-body-weight basis than older individuals. However, data about potential PFAS exposures from powdered infant formula itself are lacking. To address this data gap, we analyzed 17 powdered infant formulas for 10 different PFAS. Only one type of PFAS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), was detected in a single dairy-based formula at a reconstituted concentration of 8.9 ng/L. Using our recently updated toxicokinetic model, we estimated serum PFOS concentration curves over the first year of life for various exposure scenarios, including different fluid intake rates, formula reconstituted with uncontaminated and contaminated water, and with and without placental transfer. Our analytical results indicate the single PFOS detection in powdered infant formula is not a major source of PFOS relative to other sources, and our risk assessment comparing various formula-fed infant scenarios to the Minnesota Department of Health’s 2024 PFOS reference serum concentration (2.6 ng/mL) concludes that PFAS from powdered formula likely does not pose a significant risk to infants.
What are the Prospects of Propane-Powered Off-Grid Electricity?
Authors: Gershon Obindah , Wariri Cephalus
Published: June 2024

The study contributes to the literature on propane's prospects and viability for off-grid energy, implications for stakeholders, and alignment with sustainable energy goal 7. It examines the prospects of propane-powered off-grid electricity in the Nigerian electricity supply industry (NESI). The study assessed propane’s economic viability and environmental implications as a replacement for diesel (AGO). Specifically, the analyses included comparative levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), net present value (NPV) modeling, Monte Carlo simulations, and carbon emissions estimation. The study found that the cost of energy from diesel (AGO) is 1.52 to 2.86 times of grid MYTO tariffs and 1.84 to 3.92 times of the MYTO tariffs for All-in LCOE. The average total LCOEs were 1.01 to 1.63 times for the commercial bank and 1.02 to 1.63 times for the residential estate. The LCOEs for the AGO generators ranged from $0.183 to $0.286 (fuel only) and $0.335 to $0.392 per kWh all-in. These comparative LCOEs are between 110% and 263.8% of the electricity tariff averages in the US (residential: $0.155/kWh and commercial: $0.127/kWh) and the UK (£0.245/kWh) and, accordingly, confirm the expensive nature of AGO-based electricity in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study found that propane-based off-grid energy is a viable substitute for AGO and cheaper than the current Band A tariff of N206.80KWh, with savings between 10.52% and 45.25%. The study also shows that propane is a cleaner and more efficient source of energy that can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 13.8% and as high as 31.1% depending on the generator-load match efficiency with the associated monetized savings between $9.18 and $20.62 per MT CO2e. The study recommends government incentives and private sector investments towards adopting propane for off-grid electricity, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions, achieving Nigeria’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) plan, and promoting sustainable development.
Impact of transformational leadership and psychological contract on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable
Authors: Muhajiroh Nailatul , Noermijati
Published: June 2024

The impact of globalization quickly and dynamically requires development and change in the environment. This is inseparable from public organizations that face various challenges and obstacles to be more responsive to the needs of citizens. However, the performance of human resources from public organizations is now also always in the public spotlight where in practice in Indonesia it is still not good enough. Empirical studies or research have been conducted to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and psychological contract on employee performance. This study attempts to remedy the existing knowledge gap and limited literature by including job satisfaction as a mediating variable on employee performance levels in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership and psychological contract on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. A structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used to collect raw data from 241 employees. Descriptive tests and SEM PLS tests were conducted to determine the statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and psychological contract on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The results reflect a statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and psychological contract to employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. This study has practical implications for practitioners in the field of human resources, organizational leaders, academics, and government policy makers because they can strategically plan transformational leadership and psychological contract practices and link these practices to employee performance in an organization. Further research can be conducted in other government organizations to conduct comparative studies obtained across organizations on the effect of transformational leadership and psychological contracts on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable.
TOE framework elements used on Artificial Intelligence implementation in the accounting and audit sector
Authors: Mihai Mirela , Dutescu Adriana
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to clarify the impact of technological, organisational, and environmental contexts in which Artificial Intelligence solutions are implemented by the accounting and audit companies in Europe. The organizational and environmental contexts were not enough studied in accounting and audit field but are becoming more and more important in the future. The applied methodology was based on a structured interview, to which it has answered 62 top financial specialists from 18 European countries, in companies with more than 10 years of experience in the accounting and audit sector. To design the structured interview, it was used the Technology-Organisation-Environment framework. A serious concern for the companies’ representatives consists in the lack of specialists capable to understand and work with Artificial Intelligence solutions. One option that is generally preferred by companies is to prepare their employees for these new tasks, rather than hiring qualified persons. There are two methods that can be used when implementing Artificial Intelligence, to buy specific provided solutions from third parties, or to developed them internally. Data storage and security, the complexity of Artificial Intelligence solutions and government regulations do not represent a threat to companies willing to develop this area. The main contribution of this study consists of an extensive analysis of the most important elements of Technology-Organisational-Environmental framework and their applicability for accounting and audit companies, which implemented or are willing to implement Artificial Intelligence solutions.
Cysteamine HCl Administration Impedes Motor and Olfactory Functions Accompanied by Reduced Dopaminergic Neurons in Experimental Mice: A Preclinical Mimetics Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Selvaraj Divya Bharathi , Panneerselvam Anusiya , Vergil Andrews Jemi Feiona , Kandasamy Mahesh
Published: June 2024

Cysteamine HCl has been established as a potent ulcerogenic agent of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. GI dysfunction and olfactory deficits are the most common clinical symptoms of many movement disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Cysteamine HCl has been shown to interfere with dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for motor, olfactory, and cognitive functions. However, the reports on the effect of cysteamine HCl treatment on the behavior and dopamine system appear to be inconsistent. Therefore, we revisited the impact of cysteamine HCl on motor function in experimental mice using a battery of behavioral tests such as pole test (PT), beam walking test (BWT), and rotarod test (RDT), while the olfactory ability and cognitive functions were examined through food buried test (FBT) and Y maze. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of cysteamine HCl on the density of dopaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra (SN) and olfactory bulb (OB) of experimental mice using immunohistochemistry. Results revealed that cysteamine HCl administration in mice induced significant impairments in motor balance and coordination, as their movement-related performance was markedly reduced in behavioral tasks. Mice exposed to cysteamine HCl showed a pronounced reduction in odor discrimination ability and cognitive impairments. Strikingly, the number of TH-positive neurons was found to be reduced in the SN and OB of the cysteamine HCl-treated group which is a bonafide neuropathogenic hallmark of PD. This study highlights the potential neurotoxic effects of cysteamine HCl in experimental brains and suggests further investigation into its role in pathogenesis of Parkinsonism.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, OVSYANNIKOV NIKOLAY V.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Since the early 1980s, the world has experienced an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection. After that, in 2019 healthcare system faced a pandemic of infection caused by the emergence of a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data on the incidence, course, and outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus are limited. Aim. The aim of the study is to examine data from publications on clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Material and methods. A thorough literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus databases, 21 sources were selected and analyzed. Results and discussion. Publication data do not indicate that people living with human immunodeficiency virus are more susceptible to COVID-19 than the general population. As in the general population, older age and the presence of comorbidities worsen the prognosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and COVID-19. A number of authors note higher mortality rates from COVID-19 infection in HIV-infected patients of African and Asian descent. Well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection does not change the clinical presentation or worsen the clinical outcome of hospitalization for COVID-19 infection in HIV-infected patients. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus in the advanced stages of the disease may show less severe symptoms of COVID-19 infection due to a reduction in the severity of immune responses. Conclusion. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus coinfection are comparable. The high-risk group for COVID-19 includes human immunodeficiency virus patients with pre-existing comorbidities and individuals in older age groups. Controlled human immunodeficiency virus patients with an undetectable viral load have a better prognosis than uncontrolled patients.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE SEVERE COURSE OF COVID-19 AND CASES OF IRRATIONAL PRESCRIBING OF MEDICATIONS
Authors:   Republican Clinical Hospital of War Veterans, Yoshkar-Ola, CHERESHNEVA NATALIA D.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The coronavirus infection pandemic has caused a significant increase in hospitalizations worldwide. Hospital mortality among patients aged 70 to 79 years was as high as 35%, and for patients older than 80 years more than 60%. The severity of COVID-19 is closely related to comorbidities. The COVID-19 outbreak necessitated the development of drugs to combat the pandemic, and known off-label drugs were used as an alternative treatment. The use of drugs with unproven efficacy is especially dangerous in individuals with serious heart disease and can be fatal. Aim. To reveal the dependence of severity of the disease on age and body weight on the analysis of COVID-19 patient charts, to compare the obtained results with the literature data and to identify cases of irrational prescribing of drugs. Material and methods. Case reports of 334 patients treated at a reassigned infectious disease hospital with COVID-19 were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those aged 60 years and older (group 1) and those younger than 60 years (group 2). Statistics were calculated: for indicators having normal distribution the results were calculated as arithmetic mean, for the rest as median and interquartile range, categorical variables were presented as number or percentage. For nonparametric variables, we calculated the χ2 criterion for 2x2 tables (Pearson’s goodness-of-fit test). The maximum significance value was χ2 = 3.84 (with degree of freedom d.f.=1; p<0.05). Results and discussion. Analysis showed that individuals under 60 years of age were less likely to have a severe course of the disease (33.8%) than those aged 60 years or older 12312 345ВЕЕ С1Т2Н244СИЕЕВК545О2 ВСИЕЕН2Р5М54ЙЕЕЕЛЧЛДЕЕЕЕ3ЦЫЕД0оЕЕЕм,выЕЛ СпН24ЕС.Й3СНСТ5Б54ПКГ4Й2Е5 К2РС1П45АСТ5Б54ПКГ4Й2Е5 К2РС1П45А12 345ВЕЕ С1Т2Н244СИЕЕВК545О2 ВСИЕЕН2Р5М54ЙЕЕЕЛЧЛЛЕЕЕЕ3ЦЫЕД0оЕЕЕм,выЕ0 (45.6%). The duration of hospital stay in older patients was 10.7±2.58 bed/days, in younger patients 9.8±2.21. Statistically significant dependence of disease severity on body weight was not revealed. It was found that almost all patients were prescribed 5 drugs: omeprazole, paracetamol, ambroxol, heparin and acetylsalicylic acid. There were cases of irrational prescription of the following drugs: favipiravir, paracetamol, interferon-α, acetylsalicylic acid, baricitinib. Conclusion. COVID-19 management should be performed with careful evaluation of the prescribed medications for potential drug interactions and/or additional side effects.
APPLICATION OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS TO MANAGE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL DECISIONS DURING A PANDEMIC
Authors:   Omsk Humanitarian Academy
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, has changed the organizational foundations of outpatient care and the psychological mindset of patients. Insufficiently informed medical and social decisions led to increasing citizen dissatisfaction with the level of medical care. Mathematical modeling plays a major role in understanding pandemic processes and supporting management decision making. Aim. The aim is substantiation of the choice of the optimal solution for managing the quality of outpatient medical care during a pandemic using mathematical modeling. Material and methods. The material was information about various aspects of the work of polyclinics from 871 questionnaires of a survey of citizens of the city of Omsk of different age categories: group 1 up to 25 years old (n=145), group 2 - 25-55 years old (n=540), group 3 - over 55 years old (n=186). The study protocol was approved by the center’s local ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant to participate in the study. The research methodology is based on the theory of fuzzy sets, mathematical modeling, the use of a cognitive approach and simplicial analysis. Results and discussion. Factors influencing the degree of dissatisfaction with medical care have been identified. Possible causal relationships between them are constructed in the form of a cognitive map. A simplicial analysis of the formed cognitive structure and a computational experiment were carried out to observe trends in the development of dissatisfaction with medical care during a pandemic. Gender and age differences were revealed, showing, in particular, that young men have a higher degree of dissatisfaction with medical care (0.6) than women (0.48), but these differences smooth out with age. It was revealed, among other things, that with the improvement of the factor «work schedule of the polyclinic», the factor «dissatisfaction with medical care» is reduced by 2 times. It has been proven that the more significant for the satisfaction of the patient with medical care in the outpatient clinic will be its competent routing at the level of the registry and the general reception room. Conclusion. The use of cognitive technologies and mathematical modeling makes it possible to predict trends in the development of dissatisfaction with medical care when its individual factors change. This is the rationale for the rapid choice of a medical and social solution to eliminate deficiencies, which is extremely important during a pandemic.
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF MONGOLIA
Authors:   Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship, DASHLHUNDEV SAMBUUDORJ
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Improving care for the elderly and senile requires an assessment of not only their health status, but also their social well-being, as well as their lifestyle, including their attitude to their health. Aim. To study the medical and social characteristics, including lifestyle features, of geriatric patients who admitted to the medical organizations in Mongolia. Material and methods. With the help of a specially designed questionnaire, a sociological survey was conducted of 726 respondents older than working age, who applied to aimak or soum hospitals, to the gerontological center of Ulaanbaatar or geriatric rooms of district medical centers in Mongolia. We studied the medical and social characteristics of elderly and senile people, their subjective assessment and attitude to their own health, as well as medical activity. Results and discussion. Respondents of elderly and senile age believed that their health is mainly influenced by lifestyle, quality of medical care, family relations and financial situation. Despite the fact that almost all respondents had several chronic diseases, they showed insufficient medical activity. At the same time, many rarely and irregularly sought medical help, did not always follow the preventive recommendations they received, did nothing to maintain and improve their health, smoked and drank alcohol. In addition, the degree of mobility, self-service and physical activity of the respondents indicated a rather low socio-psychological adaptation. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to correct the main directions for further implementation of measures for the health protection of the elderly and senile in Mongolia in modern conditions.
CLINICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF REGRESS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY. RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN MOUNTAIN SHORIA
Authors:   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, MULEROVA TATIANA A.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with arterial hypertension. Aim. To evaluate clinical and genetic factors, as well as the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs classes in terms of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in the indigenous population of Mountain Shoria within 5-year prospective observations. Material and methods. The study was based on the results of a 5-year observation of the indigenous population of Mountain Shoria. The study included 901 people aged 18 and over. At the one-stage stage (from 2013 to 2017), an anamnesis and complaints were collected, a clinical examination by a cardiologist, anthropometry, a biochemical blood test was performed, and genetic testing of polymorphisms of arterial hypertension candidate genes (ACE (I/D, rs 4340), AGT (c.803T>C, rs699), AGTR1 (А1166С, rs5186), ADRB1 (с.145A>G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031), MTHFR (С677Т, rs1801133), eNOS (VNTR 4b/4a)), performed electrocardiography, echocardiography. The prospective stage included 263 patients with hypertension without previous antihypertensive therapy. Blood pressure figures were monitored and corrected annually, and left ventricular hypertrophy dynamics was assessed 5 years after inclusion in the study. Statistical processing of the results of the study was carried out using the program "Statistica 10.0". Results and discussion. In the Shors cohort, left ventricular hypertrophy regression was associated with a lower degree of arterial hypertension (odds ratio 1.39) and with the achievement of target blood pressure levels (odds ratio 1.71), as well as with the addition of a diuretic, indapamide retard, to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (odds ratio 2.65). In the present study, an association was found between carriage of the D/D genotype of the ACE gene (odds ratio 0.43) and 4a/4a of the eNOS gene (odds ratio 0.35) with negative dynamics in relation to myocardial mass of the left ventricle. With respect to genotype I/I of the ADRA2B gene (odds ratio 2.00) and 4b/4b of the eNOS gene (odds ratio 2.93), an associative relationship with regression of left ventricular hypertrophy was demonstrated. Conclusion. The results obtained once again prove the promise of using genetic approaches for the early diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN THE AREA OF FIXED IMPLANT-SUPPORTED PROSTHESES MADE BY CAD/CAM TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Chuvash State University, NIKITINA LOUISE I. , MUKHAMEDZHANOVA LYUBOV R. ,   Chuvash State University, EGOROV MIKHAIL A. ,   Chuvash State University, GROMOVA ANNA S. ,   Chuvash State University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. This article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the periodontal condition of implant-supported zirconia dioxide dental prostheses (with all-zirconia abutments). Aim. The aim of this research is to study the condition of periodontal tissues in the area of CAD-CAM technology driven implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. Material and methods. 40 patients aged from 25 to 70 years (22 men and 18 women, the main group) were examined and their prostheses were made with computer technology for modeling. Patients had zirconia dioxide crowns from three different manufacturers (Nobel Biocare, Astra Tech and Straumann) dental implants in this group. The service life of CAD/CAM implant-supported dental prostheses was 9.8±2.4 years. Two comparison groups of patients were formed. Group I: 40 patients of comparable gender and age structure with tooth-supported fixed metal-ceramic dental prostheses. The average service life of dental prostheses: 9.5±2.7 years. Comparison group II: 40 patients of similar gender and age structure with tooth-supported fixed zirconia dioxide dental prostheses. The average service life of dental prostheses: 9,6±1,8 years. Statistical analysis was carried out with application of the hypothesis of homogeneity of the values of the Green-Vermilon, Mulleman-Cowell indices and Svrakov's iodine number by groups. The hypothesis was tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wilcoxon criterion. Results and discussion. Clinical results of periodontal tissues condition showed significant differences in the hygienic state of the oral cavity (Green-Wermilion index), the severity of inflammatory phenomena (Svrakov iodine number), gingival bleeding (Mulleman-Cowell index), the expression of the stippling phenomenon in patients using zirconia dioxide dental prostheses with both implant- and tooth-supported. Long- term restoration of the prostheses and their aesthetic appearance were observed in the study. The gingival parts of the zirconia dioxide ceramic prostheses were completely satisfactory for the patients and caused no medical complications during the entire period of use. Conclusion. The values of the periodontal condition indicators were the best in the groups of patients using implant-supported and tooth-supported zirconia dioxide prostheses, as evidenced by the values of the Green-Wermillon, Mulleman-Cowell and Svrakov iodine indixes, which differed significantly from similar parameters in the group of patients using tooth-supported metal-ceramic prostheses.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF IRON (III) SUCROSE COMPLEX HYDROXIDE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION AND IRON DEFFICIENCY
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, ISMIRNOVA MARINA P. , CHIZHOV PETR A. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, BARANOV ANDREY A. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Iron deficiency is diagnosed in 59% of patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The efficacy of iron therapy in these patients has not been studied. Aim. The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness of intravenous administration of iron (III) hydroxide sucrose complex in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and iron deficiency. Material and methods. A study was conducted on 55 patients with ischemic heart disease and/or hypertension complicated by chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with iron deficiency (14 men and 41 women), mean age 71.88±6.90 years. Patients of the main group (30 people) in addition to traditional therapy received iron (III) hydroxide-sucrose complex, patients of the control group (25 people) received only traditional therapy. In all patients, functional activity, the severity of clinical manifestations, asthenia, anxiety, depression, quality of life were assessed, echocardioscopy, complete blood count, and iron metabolism were determined. All examinations in the main and control groups were performed before the start of the study, after 2 weeks of therapy, 2 and 6 months after the end of treatment. Statistical analysis of the results at different observation times was performed using Stata/MP version 14.0 and MedCalc Statistical Software version 18.2.1. Results and discussion. The inclusion of iron (III) hydroxide sucrose complex in the complex therapy of iron-deficient patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction increases the level of iron, ferritin, hemoglobin and transferrin iron saturation and reduces clinical manifestations of heart failure, severity of asthenia, anxiety, depression and increases physical performance and quality of life. The positive effect of the iron preparation appears by the end of the course of treatment, reaches a maximum after 2 months and lasts for 6 months. Conclusion. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and iron deficiency, it is recommended to conduct complex therapy, including, in addition to traditional treatment the administration of iron (III) sucrose hydroxide complex.
FREQUENCY OF ALLELES AND GENOTYPES ACCORDING TO ALLELIC VARIANTS OF CYP2С9*2 AND CYP2С9*3 AMONG PATIENTS WITH PAIN SYNDROME WHO TOOK ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
Authors:   Tashkent State Dental Institute, ABDASHIMOV ZAFAR B.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The most clinically significant polymorphic markers of the CYP2C9 gene are the amino acid substitutions of CYP2C9*2. One of the types of human cytochrome P450 – cytochrome CYP2C19 plays an important role in the metabolism of certain drugs, including proton pump inhibitors. The genetic polymorphism of СУР2С19 has pronounced interindividual differences. The significance of genetic polymorphism is determined when the occurrence of variant alleles is more than 1% in the population. Aim. The aim of the study was to improve the principles of pharmacotherapy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs depending on the frequency of alleles and genotypes according to allelic variants of CYP2С9*2 and CYP2С9*3 in patients with pain syndrome, who took nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Material and methods. The study included 69 patients with pain syndrome. The study of the association between the carrier of genotypes according to the CYP2С9*2 and CYP2С9*3 alleles and the development of gastropathies with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs was carried out by conducting a prospective case-control study. Molecular genetic studies were carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, the Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussion. Our data suggest that the carriage of allelic variants of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 should be considered as a risk factor for the development of gastropathies when using anti-inflammatory drugs. It can be assumed that in order to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions when using anti-inflammatory drugs in this category of patients, their joint administration with proton pump inhibitors is necessary. Conclusion. Significantly significant differences in the frequencies of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 alleles between groups of patients with and without complications from the gastrointestinal tract while taking anti-inflammatory drugs and proton pump inhibitors. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the frequencies of alleles and genotypes according to the allelic variants of CYP2С9*2 and CYP2С9*3 among patients with pain syndrome who took anti-inflammatory drugs.