bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid LCO2 Assisted Machining of Martensitic Stainless Steel with TiAlSiN PVD Coated Tools
Authors: Drobnič Matej , Pušavec Franci , Čekada Miha
Published: April 2021

Sustainable machining involves the use of environmentally friendly cooling and lubrication fluids. A novel approach of lubricated liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) can be used to replace conventional cutting fluids while promising benefits such as cleaner machining and higher productivity. In this study, milling of martensitic stainless steel was performed under different cooling and lubrication conditions (dry, flood, LCO2, LCO2 + MQL). Cutting tool (ball end mill, d = 8mm) was protected by a TiAlSiN PVD hard coating, while the same uncoated tool was used as a reference. Tool life time measurements were taken under different cooling and lubrication conditions at pre-determined time intervals, until the critical tool wear of 0.2 mm was reached on the flank face. At the same time, thermocouples were inserted into the workpiece to measure the temperature directly below the cutting zone. The influence of different cooling and lubrication conditions on surface roughness parameters was also investigated. From the experimental results, surprisingly, conventional flooding machining outperformed LCO2 and LCO2 + MQL assisted machining in terms of surface roughness. Moreover, the TiAlSiN coated tool exhibited roughly three times longer tool life time when compared to the uncoated tool at the same machining conditions. Whereas both, LCO2 and LCO2 + MQL cooling/lubricating strategies significantly reduce the temperature in the cutting zone, dry machining strategy provides the longest tool life time.
Joining Titanium by Means of Ceramic Adhesives
Authors: Scherilloa Fabio , el Hassanin Andrea , Silvestri Alessia Teresa , Liguori Barbara , Aprea Paolo , di Martino Daniela , Contaldi Vincenzo
Published: April 2021

Ceramic adhesives are an interesting alternative to traditional methods to join metal to ceramics such as fastening, vacuum brazing and gluing. Ceramic adhesives are made of an inorganic matrix with a filler (alumina, zirconia, silica, etc.), and they require a thermal cure cycle in order to establish adhesion. In this work, the adhesion between two different adhesive and Ti6Al4V is studied in details and the influence of the curing cycle is analyzed. Two different adhesives have been used, the first made of a phosphate matrix with an alumina filler, the second made of a silicate matrix wit an alumina filler. The results indicates that in the case of the first adhesive a high temperature cure it is necessary in order to establish a strong adhesion with the metal; on the contrary the second adhesive is capable to create a strong bonding already at low temperature.
A numerical investigation on the effects of porosity on the plastic anisotropy of additive manufactured stainless steel with various crystallographic textures
Authors: Wu Jiaojiao , Liu Wenqi , Vajragupta Napat , Hartmaier Alexander , Lian Junhe
Published: April 2021

For additive manufacturing materials, different process parameters might cause non-negligible microstructural defects. Due to the deficient or surplus energy input during the process, porosity would result in significantly different mechanical responses. In addition, the heterogeneity of the microstructure of additive manufactured material could increase the anisotropic behavior in both deformation and failure stages. The aim of this study is to perform a numerical investigation of the anisotropic plasticity affected by the microstructural features, in particular, texture and porosity. The coupling of the synthetic microstructure model and the crystal plasticity method is employed to consider the microstructural features and to predict the mechanical response at the macroscopic level, including both flow curve and r-value evolution. The additive manufactured 316L stainless steel is chosen as the reference steel in this study. Porosity decreases the stress of material, however, it reduces the anisotropy of material with both two types of textures. Regardless of porosity, grains with <111>//BD fiber of reference material is preferable for high strength requirement while the random orientations are favorable for homogeneous deformation in applications.
Investigation on the ductile fracture of a high-strength dual-phase steel with anisotropic damage mechanics model
Authors: Li Zinan , Liu Wenqi , Shen Fuhui , Münstermann Sebastian , Lian Junhe
Published: April 2021

In this study, a hybrid experimental and numerical investigation is implemented to characterize the plasticity and ductile fracture behavior of a high-strength dual-phase steel. Uniaxial tensile tests are conducted along the three typical directions of rolled sheet metals for the anisotropic plastic behavior, while the hydraulic bulge test is applied for the flow behavior under equiaxial biaxial tension. Further tensile tests are conducted on various featured dog-bone specimens to study the fracture behavior of the material from the uniaxial to plane-strain tension. On the numerical side, the evolving non-associated Hill48 (enHill48) plasticity model considering anisotropic hardening and plastic strain ratio evolution is employed to describe the anisotropic plastic deformation. The extended enHill48 model with damage and fracture formulation is further calibrated and validated in the study to describe the ductile fracture behavior of the steel under various stress states. Through a comparison of the results based on the evolving anisotropic model with the isotropic Mises model, it is concluded that even for materials that show only minor initial plastic anisotropy, it could develop a non-negligible influence on the large plastic deformation and the prediction of both deformation and fracture shows profound improvement with the evolving anisotropic plasticity model.
'Being Chinese' in Mauritius and Madagascar: Comparing Chinese diasporic communities in the western Indian Ocean
Authors: Guccini Federica , Zhang Mingyuan
Published: April 2021

Chinese migration to the Western Indian Ocean since the 1800s was part of an earlier historical trend that saw European colonial powers setting up plantation economies that required foreign laborers. Migrants from Southern China arrived in Mauritius and Madagascar first as indentured laborers, and later as free merchants. Despite many similarities between the two diasporas, they differed in terms of their cultural and linguistic propensities. Furthermore, since the 1990s, both Mauritius and Madagascar have been experiencing rising influences of Mandarin-speaking Chinese immigrants working in infrastructure construction, commercial and educational sectors. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in these two Western Indian Ocean countries between 2015 and 2020, this paper applies the theoretical lens of ‘diaspora-for-others,’ featured in this special issue, to explore the similarities and differences between Chinese migration trajectories to Mauritius and Madagascar, and their respective diasporic identity formations. Local socio-historical contexts in Mauritius, Madagascar, and China influence the transnational experiences of Mauritian and Malagasy Chinese communities, which further contributes to their heterogeneous, fluid and changing cultural identities. In addition, the People’s Republic of China’s increasing engagement in Western Indian Ocean countries as a gateway to Africa in the past two decades has also created more nuances in the distinguishable boundaries within the Chinese diaspora communities in the region.
Reimagining the Aapravasi Ghat: Khal Torabully's poetry and the indentured diaspora
Authors: Mohammed Shanaaz
Published: April 2021

National narratives in Mauritius often affiliate the Indian diaspora with the experience of indentureship and the Aapravasi Ghat, a nineteenth century immigration depot classified in 2006 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This affiliation inevitably disregards the African, Malagasy, and Chinese laborers who also worked under the system of indenture in Mauritius during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In his 2013 collection of poetry, Voices from the Aapravasi Ghat: Indentured Imaginaries, Khal Torabully returns to the Aapravasi Ghat to recast the history of indentureship and highlight the various ethnicities of the indentured diaspora, their shared trauma, and displacement. This study contends that Torabully’s poetic engagement with the Aapravasi Ghat, as an historical site of indentureship and its overlooked diversity, challenges the perception of the Ghat as a representation of Indian indentured memory. It uses Torabully’s Coolitude poetics as a conceptual frame to consider the Aapravasi Ghat as an inaugural space that facilitated the creation of a complex, open-ended identity that aspires to promote a culture of diversity but not without its limitations and contradictions. Despite efforts to disrupt ethnic distinctiveness, Torabully reproduces Indo-centric perspectives expressed through the concept of kala pani and the fakir figure.
OUTLAW KING: SACRIFICING HISTORICAL ACCURACY FOR GREATER DRAMA
Authors: McClelland Cal
Published: April 2021

Outlaw King directed by David Mackenzie, follows the story of Robert Bruce as he defies Edward I’s dominance over Scotland. Bruce with the help of a group of allies amasses a small army to fight back and assert Scotland’s independence. The history of Scottish independence in the fourteenth century is one that is defined by a constant push and pull between English forces and the forces of Robert Bruce. Its history is complicated with many conflicts, alliances, and interwoven narratives that make this story one that is incredibly complicated. For the purposes of this paper, I examine Mackenzie’s cinematic depiction of the key historical figures of the time and argue that Mackenzie’s cinematic depiction of this period of history falls short of the mark when it comes to an accurate depiction of Robert Bruce's life as an outlaw king. What one will come to realize is that the filmmakers make a number of decisions which compromise historical accuracy for the sake of creating better drama.
The Impact of Somali Piracy Since 2000 on International Trade
Authors: Morrison Benjamin
Published: April 2021

This essay investigates how modern day piracy off of the coast of Somalia has negatively impacted international trade. The paper breaks down possible causes of Somali piracy and offers possible solutions to the problem after it has been made known.  Since the topic and research is so current and because the piracy problem still exists today, readers will be drawn to this essay. Final grade - 85.
Foreword
Authors: Vlossak Dr. Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

This is a foreword for The General Volume 6 written by Professor Elizabeth Vlossak.
Pioneers of Allelopathy: XVI. Shaolin Peng
Authors: Peng Shaolin
Published: April 2021

Shaolin Peng contributed immensely to restoration ecology research in last 40- years and has published 700 papers. He has made innovative and theoretical breakthroughs in vegetation restoration, ecological restoration of invaded ecosystems, interaction between ecological restoration and global change, etc. One of his key achievements is vegetation restoration in subtropical South China. He has developed new models of vegetation in natural succession, replacement and fluctuation, advanced theory and proved that extremely degraded tropical forests can be restored. He established that allelopathy is one of the driving forces of forest succession and did related studies on systematic sampling and analysis of several forest communities from south to north in China. He has done outstanding research on invasive plants and examined the Novel Weapon Hypothesis (allelopathic inhibition) of invasive alien plants in South China and determined the various aspects of invasive mechanism of alien plants (molecular mechanism of elevated temperature and CO effects in allelopathy of invasive plants). He put forward the ‘Allelopathic resistance hypothesis (native plants resistance to invasive plants)’ and ‘ecological control theory’. In recognition of his contributions to Allelopathy field, he was awarded the Outstanding Achievement Award by the International Allelopathy Foundation. He also did in-depth studies on ecological impacts of invasive plants, specifically focusing on plant-soil feedback and plant-AMF symbiosis. Besides, Peng has mentored 68 Ph.D. and 38 M.Sc graduates, and was recognized as Prominent Teacher by Sun Yat-sen University. He has been the Vice President, Ecological Society of China, Vice Chairman, Nature Conservation and Eco-Environment Teaching Steering Committee, Ministry of Education, Member, Academic Degree Commission of State Council, Awarded ‘Top Ten Outstanding Youth in China’, Young Scientist Award, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Outstanding Scientific and Technical Worker of China.
Dynamics of soil Trichoderma spp. communities in cucumber monocropping system
Authors: Zhang J.Y. , Guan Y.L. , Ran L.Y. , Li J.F. , Ge W.Q. , Xing Y.Y. , Zhou X.G.
Published: April 2021

We monitored the dynamics of Trichoderma spp. communities in a cucumber monocropping system. Trichoderma spp. community structure and abundance were analyzed with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR, respectively. Results showed that long-term monocropping did not affect the Trichoderma spp. community structure as indicated by the number of bands, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index of the PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile. Trichoderma spp. community structure abundance was the highest in the first cropping of cucumber. Our results suggested that changes in Trichoderma spp. communities may not be the causal agent of soil sickness in cucumber monocropping.
Allelopathic effects of weed spp on the root border cells of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn
Authors: Xie Y.Y. , Yao L.X. , Wei S. , He S.H. , Chen L. , Ma D.W.
Published: April 2021

We studied the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., and Bidens pilosa L. weed species on the developmental characteristics of Tartary buckwheat RBCs. The increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts, there was increase in apoptosis rate and mucigel thickness of the RBCs, level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (P <0.05). The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of donor weed species on RBCs followed the order: C. ambrosioides > B. pilosa > G. parviflora. The increased levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and the reduced potential of mitochondrial membrane, further disrupted the homeostasis and normal metabolism of cells, thereby inducing the cell death. Among the three weed species, C. ambrosioides had the most significant impact
Effects of crop rotations on microbial community in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings and its feedback
Authors: He X.J. , Zhu W.W. , Wu F.Z.
Published: April 2021

We studied the effects of 7-crop rotations and continuous - monocropping systems on soil microorganism and its feedback. The results showed that absolute abundance of soil bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than control (CK). Absolute abundance of soil fungi in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, kidney bean - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than CK. Dry weight of cucumber seedlings was significantly positively correlated with bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) abundance, and negatively correlated with fungal count. The results of inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum showed that plant dry weight of cucumber seedlings in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation soil was significantly higher than other treatments, and their disease index was significantly lower than other treatments. There was no significant difference in dry weight of cucumber seedlings in rotation and CK in the soil sterilization test. The results of plant - soil feedback experiment showed that soil microbial changes caused by different rotation patterns had a positive feedback effect on growth of cucumber seedlings.
Allelopathic potential of root endophytic bacterial metabolites on seeds germination of Casuarina equisetifolia
Authors: Chen P. , Huang R , Zuo L.Z. , Zhang Y.Q. , Li L
Published: April 2021

We determined the role of endophytic bacteria of C. equietifolia, involved in synthesis of allelochemicals. The root endophytic bacteria were isolated and their biological activity was studied to determine their allelopathic potential in fermentation broth. Twenty one species of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the C. equisetifolia roots, of which Bacillus were the dominant genus, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus were other dominant genera. These 21 endophytic bacteria inhibited the seeds germination of C. equisetifolia, among which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was most inhibitory. Main allelopathic components of fermentation broth of 3-endophytic bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus aryabhattai and Paenibacillus glycanilyticus) with strongest allelopathic potential were rich in phenols, esters, organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones etc. Among them, two allelopathic substances [2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-Phenol and 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol] were present in both endophytic bacteria fermentation broth and in root and soil extracts. These results confirmed that the secondary metabolites of C. equisetifolia root endophytic bacteria were allelopathic.
Allelopathic potential of weed Neanotis lancifolia (Hook.f.) W.H. Lewis on seed germination and metabolism of mungbean and rice
Authors: Torawane S.D. , Mokat D.N.
Published: April 2021

In Laboratory and Field bioassays, the higher concentrations of shoot aqueous extracts of Neanotis lancifolia (Hook. f.) W.H. Lewis proved inhibitory to mungbean and rice. The highest concentration (10 %) of aqueous extract reduced the plumule and radicle length of both test crops. From the N. Lancifolia extracts, 15- allelochemicals (Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonols and glycerol) were identified by GC-MS. Of these 5 were major allelochemicals [Oleic acid, Glycidyl oleate, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid and 18-Nonadecenoic acid]. These compounds at 5 DAS (days after sowing) significantly inhibited the seed germination in mungbean (58.38 %) and rice (57.48 %) at 5 DAS. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals on seeds germination followed the order: Oleic acid> Glycidyl oleate >Linoleic acid > Palmitic acid > 18-Nonadecenoic acid. The radicle and plumule growth at 11 DAS also followed the same trend. The metabolic changes in both mungbean and rice crops revealed that the aqueous extract reduced the protein, carbohydrates, phenols, tannins and flavonoids contents and the reductions were concentration dependent. We found that the allelopathic potential of N. lancifolia (Hook.f.) W.H. Lewis was due to the presence of 15 inhibitory compounds identified in its extract.
Allelopathic plants 29: Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel
Authors: Zhu Xunzhi , Zhang Kaimei , Tang. T Shijie
Published: April 2021

Eupatorium adenophorum is worldwide-spread invasive plant. This review focussed on unique metabolite, Euptox A, released by this plant and its importance in invasion, use and control. Based on previous literature, it is concluded that the mechanism of the invader’s success has a close relationship with a special compound, Euptox A. Its release and degradation mostly determines the spread of E. adenophorum. Besides, the control and use of this invasive species should consider the toxicity of Euptox A. This review suggests that the secondary metabolite, Euptox A, might be a key in controlling and using this invasive plant. This review will increase our knowledge of the role of a natural chemical in biological invasion.
Allelopathic potential of Malaysian invasive weed species to control weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev)
Authors: Motmainna Mst. , Shukor B Juraimi Abdul , Kamal Uddin Md , Binti Asib Norhayu , Mominul Islam AKM , Hasan Mahmudul
Published: April 2021

In laboratory bioassay, we studied the effects of methanolic extracts of 30-Malaysian invasive weed species (9 families) on the seeds survival rate and seedlings growth of Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev). Five concentrations [6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 (g L-1)] of methanolic extracts were used and control was distilled water. The Weedy rice seeds survival rate and seedlings growth (radicle and hypocotyl length) of 7-day-old seedlings were reduced by the increasing concentrations of extracts than control. Probit analysis and the concentrations required for 50% inhibition (EC50) showed that radicle growth was more suppressed than seeds survival rate and hypocotyl growth. Among the tested weed species, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borrreria alata (Aubl.) DC. proved strongly allelopathic and thus, could be used to develop eco-friendly herbicides.
Herbicidal effects of Withania somnifera L. leaf extract on Cannabis sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Cicer arietinum
Authors: Choudhary S. , Shriya . , Chauhan P. , Pathania D. , Ritika H. , Chaudhary N. , Sharma Mamta
Published: April 2021

We identified the phytochemicals in Withania somnifera L, a multipurpose medicinal plant of the Himalayan región using TLC, FTIR and HPLC. Eleven formulations were made by mixing in different ratios of Withania leaf extract, wood ash and distilled wáter. Wood chips and twigs of 3-years old Pinus roxburghii tree were completely burnt till ashes was used as Wood ash. The 11-formulationss were i.e. formulation I (Withania leaf extract 100%)), formulation II (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water)), formulation III (50:50 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water), formulation IV (25:75 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water)), formulation V (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VI (50:50 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VII (25:75concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VIII (Wood ash 100%)), formulation IX (75:25 concentration (Wood ash: Distilled water)), formulation X (50:50 concentration (Wood ash:Distilled water)), formulation XI (25:75concentration (Wood ash: Distilled water)). The herbicidal activity of formulations was earlier studied against Cannabis sativa L. (banned narcotic plant). Their herbicidal activity was tested on seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cannabis sativa L weed and 2 crops: Hordeum vulgare L and Cicer arietinum L. In Pot culture, the formulation V spray caused maximum reduction in root length of Cannabis (53 %) > Hordeum (23 %) and Cicer (22 %) than control. The formulations were also tested on crops for their herbicidal effects. In Petri plate bioassy, the formulation V (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash) showed maximum reduction in seed germination and seedling growth of C. sativa weed, but had little effect on growth of test crops. The reduction in stem length was maximum (55 %) in Cannabis > Hordeum (20 %) > Cicer (19 %) than control. Glyphosate decreased the stem length of Cicer (80 %) > Hordeum (58 %) and Cannabis (16 %) over control. While the reduction in root length was in Cicer (75 %) > Hordeum (73 %) > Cannabis (18 %) than control. The root and stem extract formulations were more phytotoxic to Cannabis sativa. Formulation V (75:25 concentrations (Withania leaf extract: wood ash)) reduced the number of leaves, number of shoot, root branches and stem and root length of Cannabis sativa.
Phytic acid in legumes: a review of nutritional importance and hydrothermal processing effect on underutilised species
Authors: Ojo M.A.
Published: April 2021

Phytic acid (IP6), also known as inositol hexakisphosphate, a naturally occurring
component of legume seeds, is traditionally regarded as an antinutrient. This report was
aimed to provide information on hydrothermal processing effects and nutritional
importance of phytic acid in legumes. As a strong chelating agent, phytic acid has the
ability to form complexes with protein and mineral elements (e.g. Ca, Fe, Zn and Mg) and
thus makes the nutrients unavailable for absorption and utilisation. Reduction of IP6 using
soaking and hydrothermal methods enhances the bioavailability of protein and mineral
elements. Low level of phytic acid in diets have some health benefit effects and thus
classification of phytic acid as an antinutrient needs to be reconsidered.
An Adversarial Attacks Resistance-based Approach to Emotion Recognition from Images using Facial Landmarks
Authors: Shehu Harisu Abdullahi , Browne William , Eisenbarth Hedwig
Published: April 2021

Emotion recognition has become an increasingly important area of research due to the increasing number of CCTV cameras in the past few years. Deep network-based methods have made impressive progress in performing emotion recognition-based tasks, achieving high performance on many datasets and their related competitions such as the ImageNet challenge. However, deep networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Due to their homogeneous representation of knowledge across all images, a small change to the input image made by an adversary might result in a large decrease in the accuracy of the algorithm. By detecting heterogeneous facial landmarks using the machine learning library Dlib we hypothesize we can build robustness to adversarial attacks. The residual neural network (ResNet) model has been used as an example of a deep learning model. While the accuracy achieved by ResNet showed a decrease of up to 22%, our proposed approach has shown strong resistance to an attack and showed only a little (< 0.3%) or no decrease when the attack is launched on the data. Furthermore, the proposed approach has shown considerably less execution time compared to the ResNet model.
Emotion Categorization from Video-Frame Images Using a Novel Sequential Voting Technique
Authors: Shehu Harisu Abdullahi , Browne William , Eisenbarth Hedwig
Published: April 2021

Emotion categorization can be the process of identifying different emotions in humans based on their facial expressions. It requires time and sometimes it is hard for human classifiers to agree with each other about an emotion category of a facial expression. However, machine learning classifiers have done well in classifying different emotions and have widely been used in recent years to facilitate the task of emotion categorization. Much research on emotion video databases uses a few frames from when emotion is expressed at peak to classify emotion, which might not give a good classification accuracy when predicting frames where the emotion is less intense. In this paper, using the CK+ emotion dataset as an example, we use more frames to analyze emotion from mid and peak frame images and compared our results to a method using fewer peak frames. Furthermore, we propose an approach based on sequential voting and apply it to more frames of the CK+ database. Our approach resulted in up to 85.9% accuracy for the mid frames and overall accuracy of 96.5% for the CK+ database compared with the accuracy of 73.4% and 93.8% from existing techniques.
The Correlation of Parents Height Characteristics and Maternal Nutritional Status During Pregnancy Based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) and Stunting Incidence of Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in the Working Area of Berbek Community Health Center Nganjuk Regency
Authors: Nuraisya Wahyu , Erdi Wahyu
Published: April 2021

Stunting in Indonesia was the fifth ranks in the world, influenced by many factors, some of which are the height of the parents and the nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy. The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation of parent height characteristics and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) with stunting incidence in toddlers aged 24-59 months in the working area of the Berbek Public Health Center Nganjuk Regency. The research design used correlation analytic research design with observational method with case control approach. The independent variables consisted of parental height characteristics and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy based on UAC, and the dependent variable was stunting incidence. The population was 2266 respondents of under-five children aged 24-59 months. The sampling technique used quota sampling consisted 96 respondents. The instrument used height measurement tool, the Mother's Child Health book and the Public Health Center Weigh Activity Report, 2011. This research was conducted from 22 July to 22 August 2019 in three selected villages namely Sumberurip, Sumberwindu and Semare villages. Data analysis used chi-square test Î± (0.05). The results showed that almost all mothers and fathers had normal height characteristics, almost all respondents had the nutritional status of the mother during normal pregnancy. Analysis of height, circumference of the mother, and nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) was obtained Ï value = 0.036; 0,000 and 0,000 <Î± 0,05. It meant that there was a correlation between parental height characteristics and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy based on Upper Arm Circumference (UAC) with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in the Berbek Public Health Center Nganjuk Regency Parental height and nutritional status of the mother during normal pregnancy, it will have the opportunity to have a child with good growth.
Humanitarian aid and breastfeeding practices of displaced mothers: a qualitative study in disaster relief camps
Authors: Hirani Shela , Richter Solina , Salami Bukola
Published: April 2021

Background: During disasters and displacement, affected families often receive humanitarian aid from governmental and nongovernmental organizations and donor agencies. Little information is available on the effects of humanitarian aid on the breastfeeding practices of mothers affected by disaster and displacement. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of humanitarian aid on the breastfeeding practices of displaced mothers affected by natural disasters in Chitral, Pakistan. Methods: This was qualitative study of residents of four villages of Chitral who had experienced a recent flood and later an earthquake. Data were collected through field observations, analysis of various documents (e.g. aid-agency documents, published reports and newspaper articles) and in-depth interviews with 18 internally displaced mothers living in disaster relief camps in Chitral. Results: Three main themes developed from the data: humanitarian aid as a life saver, insufficient humanitarian aid affecting breastfeeding, and systemic injustices in the distribution of humanitarian aid. Conclusion: Although humanitarian aid facilitated the survival, health and well-being of the displaced mothers and their family members, there were various problems with the humanitarian aid that increased the vulnerability of the displaced mothers and negatively affected their breastfeeding practices. Humanitarian aid must be gender-sensitive, thoughtful, timely, needs-based, equitable and context-specific. A systematic process of aid allocation and restricted donation of formula milk or any other form of breast-milk substitute is recommended during disasters.
Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar IPS Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning
Authors: Nuriyah Siti
Published: April 2021

Dalam kurikulum 2013 pada  prinsip pelaksanaan adalah berpusat pada peserta didik yang berbasis aktifitas yang memberikan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan potensi minat dan bakatnya dalam bidang yang ditekuninya secara mandiri. Upaya memandirikan siswa untuk belajar, bekerja sama, dan menilai diri sendiri diutamakan agar siswa mampu membangun kemauan, pemahaman, dan pengetahuannya. Peningkatan potensi, kecerdasan, dan motivasi  siswa perlu terus-menerus diupayakan dengan cara proses pembelajaran yang direncanakan oleh guru. Upaya yang dilakukan guru adalah menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) sangat cocok untuk memotivasi siswa dalam memecahkan masalah masalah terkait dengan materi  Pengaruh perubahan dan interaksi keruangan terhadap kehidupan di negara negara ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) peserta didik  dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial secara keseluruhan
Enterpreneur Sebagai Motivasi Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Akhlak Terpuji
Authors: Choiri Mukhlishotin
Published: April 2021

Abstrak :

 

              Peran penting pendidikan dalam  menyiapkan generasi penerus akan lebih matang dan sempurna apabila di bekali dengan ketrampilan/skill yang mampu menjadi karakter jiwa terdidik. Lewat enterpreneur atau yang sering di kenal dengan wirausaha adalah sebuah sikap yang mengutamakan ketrampilan/skill yang di padu dengan ilmu, kerja keras kreatifitas yang inovatif. Dimana kondisi enterpreneur disini adalah sebagai motivasi anak didik untuk belajar mata pelajaran Aqidah Akhlaq pada materi akhlaq terpuji dengan lebih semangat. Hal ini dilakukan bukan karena tiba-tiba namun karena adanya hasil pembelajaran di kelas yang kurang memuaskan sehingga hadir pemikiran untuk mendapatkan suasana dan hasil yang lebih baik lagi. Muncullah ide dimana terdidik tetap mendapat ilmu, menjadi kreatif dan mendapat pemasukan secara materiil walau tidak banyak akan tetapi mampu menjadi inspirasi anak didik dalam perilaku selanjutnya baik untuk diri sendiri maupun keluarganya. Sehingga tujuan observasi ini sebagai salah satu solusi kejenuhan di kelas sehingga akan beralih menjadi keasyikan dan kenyamanan dalam belajar Akidah Akhlak lewat tugas-tugas yang laku jual sebagai motivasi yang menggerakan hati untuk terus belajar dan berusaha memenuhi target yaitu tidak hanya penilaian akademik tetapi betul betul tertanam karakter siswa siswi yang preneur atau siswapreneur yang memiliki ilmu, yang memiliki etos kerja keras, kreatif, mau berproduksi yang inovatif dan berakhlak karimah di setiap perilaku sehari hari baik dalam kondisi sendiri maupun di tengah-tengah masyarakat luas. Dan alhamdulillah walau data awal belum memenuhi target (hanya 59%) sangat jauh dari KKM yang 80 %, tetapi berakhir dengan sangat memuaskan karena melebihi target Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yang ada yaitu 93.1% .

                           

Kata Kunci               :  Enterpreneur, Motivasi dan Akhlak Terpuji
The transformation of the state in the era of globalism as a factor of influence on the mass legal consciousness
Authors: Annenkov Evgeniy
Published: April 2021

The article examines the nature of globalism and the associated transformations of the state, analyzes these modifications as a factor of influence on the mass legal consciousness, and makes a forecast of the Russian legal realities.
On the issue of information support for the detection and investigation of armed crimes
Authors: Bukur Anatoliy , Abduragimova Tat'yana
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the features of information support for the disclosure and investigation of crimes committed with the use of various types of weapons. The possibilities of information search engines are analyzed on the example of firearm records. It is noted that, despite the increasing number of crimes involving the use of self-defense weapons, such records of traces of their use are not conducted. It is pointed out that it is necessary to use modern information databases to place in them criminally significant information about firearms of limited destruction and gas weapons that leave traces on spent cartridges by analogy with traces on cartridges fired in rifled firearms. Examples of the description of traces of the use of firearms of limited destruction and gas weapons for the purpose of their subsequent encoding and processing with the help of automated information search systems are given
Problems of Civil Society and Religious Freedom in Modern Russia (Review of K. M. Andreev's monograph "The Right to Believe in Modern Russia "(questions of the implementation of constitutional freedom of religion))
Authors: Mukienko Igor'
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to reviewing the monograph of K. M. Andreev " The right to believe in modern Russia "(questions of the implementation of constitutional freedom of religion).
STATE AND USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE SYSTEM OF MODERN LAND RELATIONS IN THE SVERDLOVSK REGION
Authors: Podkovyrova Marina , Ivanova Nina
Published: April 2021

The rational organization of land use is one of the main tasks in modern so-ciety. The article in the framework of the study was devoted to the determi-nation of the state and use of agricultural land in the Sverdlovsk region in the post-reform period, an analysis of the current organization for the use of agricultural land. According to the authors' planned development of the in-formation and analytical system "State and use of agricultural land of the municipal district", the authors proposed key provisions for rationalizing the use of rural land at the level of the municipal district.
State and prospects of development of the Russian oil and gas complex
Authors: Shamsutdinova Marina , Zhilina Nadezhda , Ignatiev Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The oil and gas complex of Russia is the most important component of the fuel and energy base of the country. The development of the oil and gas complex and the oil and gas industry is interconnected by ensuring the energy security of the state, the development of the oil and gas industry, and the effectiveness of the import and export policy.

The study of the oil and gas industry requires systematization of the conceptual apparatus and clarification of key definitions.
STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF A PETROCHEMICAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Shamsutdinova Marina , Zhilina Nadezhda , Ignatiev Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The economic potential of a petrochemical organization is of interest to a wide range of stakeholders: the state, owners, investors, credit organizations, stock markets, contractors, consumers, etc.
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF THE CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES TO ENSURE ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors: Repushevskaya Ol'ga , Skudalova Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The state policy in the field of ensuring the socio-economic development and national security of the Russian Federation should contribute to the implementation of effective protection of national interests and strategic national priorities. At the moment, a stable basis has been created for building up the political, economic, spiritual and military potential of Russia, strengthening its positions in the formation of a polycentric world. The modern market economy, in a rapidly changing environment, poses solutions to important issues related to economic security, the importance of which is important to underestimate. This is due to the fact that the economy is the basis of the existence of the public, its social relations, as well as world politics. Therefore, the state policy is based on economic security.

The complexity of the structure of international relations, the redistribution of resources in the world economy and changes in the development model have determined the changes in the customs sector.

Thus, an assessment was made of the contribution of customs authorities to the situation associated with the possibility of economic threats in Russia, and the strengthening of foreign economic ties. In order to ensure economic security, the priorities of the customs authorities in the external environment and the need for their improvement by the customs service of the Russian Federation in all areas of its activity were determined.
Formation of the innovation ecosystem in the context of digitalization
Authors: Bessonova Elena , Battalov Rustam
Published: April 2021

We are currently at the stage of forming a digital economy. Due to the lack of relevant statistical and empirical data and rapid technological progress, public authorities are faced with constantly changing priorities when developing strategies for digitalizing the economy. The formation and development of the national segment of the digital economy is necessary to achieve sustainable economic growth, increase the country's competitiveness and improve the quality of life of the population. The need to predict trends in innovative development in the context of the digitalization of the economy, taking into account modern realities, predetermined the choice of the topic and the main directions of the study. The article presents international comparisons of indicators that characterize the prospects and opportunities for innovative development. The possible consequences of digital transformation are considered. The stages of the formation of the innovation ecosystem are justified. Recommendations for the formation of an innovation ecosystem in the context of digital transformation are summarized.
INTERNAL EXPRESS CONTROL OF PROSPECTIVE INDICATORS OF THE FINANCIAL REPORTING OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Chebotareva Zoya , Shapoval Elena
Published: April 2021

The article substantiates some prospective indicators of the financial reporting: profitable investments in tangible assets and financial investments, the appearance of which in an organization is a prerequisite for logical sequential operations for recognizing income. The interest of well-known user groups is revealed: the owners of the organization (founders, shareholders); the management, those charged with governance and the personnel of the organization; partners of the organization (buyers and customers, suppliers and contractors, tenants, borrowers and lenders, agents and principals, banks, insurance organizations, debtors and creditors, investors; the Federal Tax Service of Russia, the Pension Fund and other state bodies; customs authorities, arbitration courts, publishing houses, advertising companies, in the prompt receipt of accounting and economic information on prospective indicators of financial reporting to achieve various management goals. The essence of internal express control of prospective indicators of financial reporting is substantiated as a quick follow-up control, involving the implementation of actions according to a specific algorithm : substantiation of prospective indicators; consistent implementation of control measures and procedures; confirmation of the completeness and reliability of legal and primary documents on the movement of prospective indicators of financial reporting. The authors argue that, due to the internal express control of prospective indicators of financial reporting, accounting and economic information will become more understandable and accessible to the concerned users,
Islamic Boarding Curriculum Management Innovation Entrepreneurship Al-Maun Muhammadiyah School (Pesantren S-PEAM, Pasuruan City)
Authors: Achmad Wachyudi , Iwantoro Iwantoro
Published: April 2021

Pasuruan Indonesia S-PEAM Islamic Boarding School was established on August 18, 2015. The establishment plan was originated from the ideals of the Chairman of the Regional Government of Muhammadiyah Pasuruan City to have Islamic Boarding School as one of the cadre of Muhammadiyah's successor generation, with the hope that pesantren pioneered have a clear positioning on a national scale. Exploring the potential, skills and talents as a provision of life that is progressive, modern and entrepreneurial. While the label entrepreneur is a strategy to instill the values of entrepreneurial spirit in order to become a person who is empowered with creativity, positive thinking, high spirited, not quick to complain, not easily give up on the situation, have constructive productivity, and always think innovative to get something useful for himself and others. This research uses an action approach that aims to develop new skills for teachers by trying to find new approaches that can be applied directly and the results can be assessed easily. In this case the results of a process of students must be concrete which is not only proven by the results and achievements that are cognitive. The action research approach is very appropriate to find teacher skill development variables that can encourage the discovery of a new approach whose results can affect student outcomes. This study also seeks to find a parallel relationship between science, behavior, charity and moral action with descriptive analysis.
editorial
Authors: Gonçalves Maria , Silva Manuel
Published: April 2021

Editorial
ANALYZING SPATIAL-PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF URBAN BAZARS: A WAY TO BRING BACK THE PUBLIC SPACES INSIDE MARKETPLACES WITH A CONSIDERATION FOR SAFETY ISSUES
Authors: Khan Muzaiana Naomi , Tabassum Saniya
Published: April 2021

The acceleration of diversified retail in urban streets and bazars, reachable from homes and work have become a common phenomenon in achieving an environmental, social, economic and sustainable neighborhood. Fostering social cohesion, such settlements encompass, groceries, confectionaries, soft drinks, magazines and newspapers, tobacco products, restaurants and cafes which help to build community. Local employment is also generated by such local trade points. Despite the popularity of street trading, the system of growth of such establishments remains chaotic and they lack public spaces within the market. This study analyses the dynamics of urban streets and bazar and social life at the local public space inside the market keeping in mind the current safety situation of the pandemic in three cases of Dhaka city and proposes possible opportunities to overcome the anarchy
Pedestrian User Satisfaction Analysis
Authors: Sutrisno Andrias Eko Adi , Wahyuni Atik
Published: April 2021

the role played by pedestrian is noticeably becoming more important as part of transportation infrastructure. The number of pedestrian user increases especially in the big cities’ business district.  Therefore, this study was constructed to study the pedestrian users’ satisfaction to the side walk facility. The study was conducted in the city of Surabaya, the Indonesian second biggest city. The study aimed the pedestrian users in some of the busiest districts in central of Surabaya. On the other hand, there have been many policies made by the Surabaya government to improve the pedestrian performance especially the side walk facility, such as making the pedestrian to be more colorful and attractive. The study used qualitative method and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). There are twenty variables used as addressed objects to measure pedestrian users’ satisfaction level, which are civil service police, greening, parking space, bus stop, parking meter, intercept area, main hole, public sitting, bollard, pedestrian floor motif, disability facility, hand wash facility, portable toilet, direction map, street vendors, drinking water facility, pedestrian decoration and trash bin. The result shows that there are only two variables preforms above their importance level. The average of importance level is 4,021 while the average of performance level is 3,743. There is -0,278 gaps which indicates that the pedestrian performance is under the pedestrian users expectation. Moreover, based on the IPA, there is no one of the variables place in the first quadrant (high leverage, attributes to improve), while there are seven variables place in the second quadrant (attributes to maintain). There are eight variables performing as in the third quadrant (low priority) and lastly there are five variables perform as in the fourth quadrant (low leverage, attributes to de-emphasize).