bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Hydrogels Promote Chronic Infectious Wound Healing by Re-rousing Macrophage M1 and Inducing Bacterial Copper-Like Death
Authors: Xiang Chao , Pu Chaoyu , Zhong XueMei , Wang Yong , Song Weiyong , Wang Xingkuan , Chen Kemiao , Li Kai , Luo Yue , Jiang Ke , Jiang Dianming
Published: November 2024

Background: Traditional antibiotics are often ineffective against biofilm-associated infections, and biofilm-induced macrophage immune evasion directly halts the wound healing process. Disrupting biofilms and regulating macrophage immune functions are critical to improving wound healing.
Results: In this study, we synthesized g-C3N4 with peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity via thermal polymerization and copper alginate microspheres (CAM) via gas cutting. These were co-encapsulated into GelMA hydrogels to form a functionalized wound repair system (GelMA/CAM@g-C3N4) with both anti-biofilm and local immune microenvironment remodeling capabilities. In vitro, this system exhibited excellent biocompatibility and promoted endothelial cell migration, vascular formation, and CD31 expression. It also polarized macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, restoring their pro-inflammatory functions, upregulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α), and inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In vivo, the system suppressed S. aureus growth, promoted angiogenesis and collagen deposition, and reshaped the pathological microenvironment to achieve wound repair and regeneration.
Conclusions: This system offers a new therapeutic strategy for chronic infectious wounds.
Identification of key genes associated with infertile endometriosis based on bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaocong , Ye Hongjuan , Xie Xin , Wang Yang , Cheng Jie , Yang Hui , Chang Linlin , Xue Songguo , Shi Liya
Published: November 2024

Background: Endometriosis is a common disease among women of childbearing age. However, the molecular mechanism behind it is still unknown. Therefore, new biomarkers and therapeutic targets are needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of infertile women.
Methods: Microarray datasets GSE7305, GSE7307, and GSE51981 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and endometriosis. The STRING database and Cytoscape software constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) and hub gene networks. At the same time, the three data sets were screened for co-differentially expressed genes related to mitosis. Subsequently, we identified mitosis-related hub genes (MRHGs) associated with both mitosis-related genes and hub genes. Next, enrichment analysis for target genes was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and the mRNA-miRNA network was constructed. Finally, GSE25628 and GSE6364 were used to verify the expression of MRHGs individually, while GSE120103 was employed to ascertain the influence of mitosis-related genes on female fertility.
Results: A total of 93 DEGs were identified in the endometriosis datasets. Then, we placed 11 potential mitosis-related downregulated hub genes, among which eight showed good diagnostic properties of endometriosis, and two showed good diagnostic properties of infertile endometriosis. The main enriched GO functions revealed that the cell cycle mitotic pathway may be the critical pathway in endometriosis. Meanwhile, mRNA-miRNA interaction networks were constructed by choosing co-expressed mRNAs and miRNAs. Furthermore, cordycepin showed high drug-targeting relevance in infertile endometriosis.
Conclusions: We identified eight mitosis-related hub genes as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and treating endometriosis. CENPE and CCNA2 might be associated with infertile endometriosis by affecting the endometrial secretory phase transition. In addition, cordycepin may be a potential clinical treatment for people with infertility-related endometriosis.
Optical assessment of lignin-containing nanocellulose films under extended sunlight exposure
Authors: Nizamov Rustem , Kaschuk Joice , Haj Yazan Al , Nyberg Mikael , Imani Monireh , Pasquier Eva , Rojas Orlando , Abitbol Tiffany , Vapaavuori Jaana , Miettunen Kati
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the stability of various cellulose substrates and their UV-blocking properties from the perspective of optoelectronic applications that are obliged to endure prolonged periods under sunlight. The application of cellulose substrates to optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, has gained traction thanks to cellulose films’ ability to function as a sustainable alternative that can be modified and functionalized optically in various ways. Here, the films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF), with and without lignin, were tested under 1000 hours of exposure to artificial sunlight. The literature to date provides no quantitative analysis of such films’ stability. As such, this contribution examines how the films age with respect to their optical and mechanical performance and their retention of their UV protective qualities. While UV-blocking properties of lignin are well known, films containing residual lignin (LignoCNF and LignoTOCNF), and lignin nanoparticles (CNF-LNP and TOCNF-LNP) demonstrated remarkable UV-blocking stability; even after the aging transmittance of LignoCNF and CNF-LNP films remained lower than 1% below 390 nm. Most lignin-containing films exhibited increased transmittance between 400 and 600 nm after aging, except for LignoTOCNF, which showed a decrease in transmittance that was comparable to that displayed by non-lignin films. Mechanical testing revealed increased brittleness in both CNF and LignoCNF, while films with lignin nanoparticles exhibited reduced strain at the break. The observed changes were linked to the potential oxidation of COO- groups and structural modifications in both cellulose and lignin. Color changes were also observed, with TOCNF films darkening significantly after aging, while the lignin-containing films exhibited varied behaviors: while LignoCNF, CNF-LNP, and TOCNF-LNP became lighter, LignoTOCNF darkened. Overall, the incorporation of lignin into nanocellulose films enhances their durability, UV protection, and mechanical stability, making them promising candidates for sustainable optoelectronic applications.
Analysis of Mixed Composition Cold Plasmas by Optical Emission Diagnostics and Simulations
Authors: Lavan Shani Har , Atlas Sharona , Kaplan Amir , Lehrer Avi , Rozenberg Illya , Zhao Hao , Baraban Joshua H.
Published: November 2024

The behavior of mixed composition cold non-equilibrium plasmas was investigated in a low-pressure capacitively coupled reactor using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). By fitting experimental data to simulations of the Second Positive System (C3 Πu-B3Πg) of N2, rotational and vibrational temperatures were determined for various Ar/N2 mixtures as a function of plasma input power (40-100 W) and pressure (300-700 mTorr). Simulations of the plasma were performed for comparison. For pure N2, the observed trends revealed that both the rotational and vibrational temperatures increased with input power, (Trot of v=0 increased from 369-396 K and Tvib from 5938-6542 K, at 40-100 W, 100 SCCM and 293 mTorr) but both temperatures showed minimal response to the applied changes in pressure. The rotational and vibrational temperatures for the mixed composition Ar/N2 plasmas were significantly higher compared to the pure N2 plasmas (e.g. Trot of 1308 K and Tvib of 7279 K for 1.8% of N2 in Ar; at 50 W, 4 SCCM of N2, 220 SCCM of Ar for a total pressure of 587 mTorr). Moreover, the addition of Ar caused a larger separation between the rotational and vibrational temperatures compared to the pure N2 case. These phenomena illustrate the effects of Ar on the non-equilibrium energy distribution and more generally the influence that the gas mixture composition may have on the plasma reactivity.
Leptocheliidae Diversity: Indicators of Environmental Change in Threatened Habitats
Authors: Stępień Anna , Saeedi Hanieh , Błażewicz Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Current environmental changes due to increased human activities are impacting biodiversity and distribution of marine organisms. Understanding species diversity is essential for assessing threats, predicting impacts, and guiding conservation planning. Our study focuses on the family Leptocheliidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), a suitable model for investigating diversity and distribution in low-mobility crustaceans. This family, abundant in shallow waters and sensitive to environmental shifts, was analyzed globally using literature, databases, and unpublished data from Australian coral reefs. We calculated species richness, estimated richness, and sampling effort, organizing data into latitudinal bands and ca. 800,000 km2 hexagonal cells. Cluster analysis by biogeographic provinces helped identify distinct species assemblages.
Generalized Linear and Additive Models (GLM, GAM) assessed environmental drivers, including temperature, productivity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, salinity, silicate, phytoplankton, nitrate, and phosphate. Results revealed a bimodal species richness pattern, with diversity peaking in lower latitudes but declining at the equator. Biodiversity hotspots were identified in the Indo-Australian region, Central Indo-Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean, with high estimated richness in the Mediterranean, and SE Australia. The subantarctic region displayed distinct, but low-diversity assemblages.
Among the environmental variables, dissolved oxygen was identified as the most important factor influencing species diversity and estimated diversity across latitudes, followed by temperature. Models incorporating salinity, combinations of multiple factors, and dissolved oxygen were the most reliable for species diversity within hexagonal regions, while combinations of several environmental factors, followed by temperature, were the best predictors for estimated diversity.
Gene expression responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to the early phase of acute infection by Flavobacterium oreochromis
Authors: Pereira Carolina Souza , Mastrochirico-Filho Vito Antonio , Pereira Elcimara Cardoso , Butzge Arno Juliano , Cáceres Pablo , Porto-Foresti Fabio , Yáñez José Manuel , Gallani Silvia Umeda , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo
Published: November 2024

Flavobacterium oreochromis, is associated with high mortality rates in the early stages of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) production. This study investigated the genetic effects caused by F. oreochromis infection in tambaqui juveniles by comparing gene expression levels between symptomatic (IS) and asymptomatic (IA) individuals. A bacterial challenge was conducted by intraperitoneal infection of F. oreochromis. A control group (CT) was established where individuals were injected with PBS. During the bacterial challenge, 5 skin samples from IA animals and 4 samples from the IS group were extracted for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). A pool formed from samples of 5 CT individuals was also sequenced. Approximately 21 million reads per library were aligned to the tambaqui genome (GCA_904425465.1). A differential expression analysis was performed to compare gene expression levels between IA and IS. To control false discovery rates, p-values were adjusted to q-values < 0.05. A total of 2,470 overexpressed genes and 1,305 underexpressed genes were identified in IS, while 1,358 overexpressed genes and 488 underexpressed genes were generated in IA. Genes overexpressed in both conditions were related to autophagy (ATG4B and ULK2) and oxidative stress (KLF9, DDT1, and TXNIP) regulated by the proteasome mechanism. The results suggest that autophagy and oxidative stress are important components of homeostasis and immune defense in tambaqui during the acute phase of F. oreochromis infection. We suggest that the progression of efficient immune mechanisms is limited, possibly due to an imbalance of molecular mechanisms. Further studies are needed to better understand the host-pathogen interaction.
Manipulating molecular conformation of charge-transfer cocrystal for NIR-II absorption and light/thermal-responsive imaging
Authors: Zhuo Ming-Peng , Rong Yun , Chen Si-Qi , Zhao Yu-Dong , Zhuo Sheng , Li Yuan-Yuan , Liu Jin-Zhuo , Ju Yi-Yi , Xie Yue-Min , Liao Liang-Sheng , Zhang Ke-Qin
Published: November 2024

Organic photothermal materials, renowned for their efficient light-to-heat conversion and high flexibility, have garnered significant interest in stimuli-responsive applications. However, challenges such as complex synthesis, restricted absorption, poor stability, and low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) terribly impede their practical application. This study presents an organic charge-transfer (CT) cocrystal with a broad NIR-II response (250 to 2050 nm), which was synthesized using a tetrathiafulvalene donor with a freely rotating π-conjugate group. This cocrystal is integrated into polyurethane to create scalable photothermal nanofiber membranes via cost-effective electrospinning technology. The free rotation of the benzene ring enhances nonradiative recombination, leading to a high PCEs of 81.7 % for the CT cocrystals, and 62.8 % for the resulting nanofiber membrane. Furthermore, coating with reversible thermochromic microcapsules endows the nanofiber membrane with sensitive color changes from reddish-brown to light yellow under sunlight, or temperatures above 45 °C, suggesting promising applications in smart fibers for real-time photo-/thermos-stimuli-responsive imaging.
Intravenous human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke (MERIT): a prospective, single arm, phase I trial
Authors: Hao Junwei , Cui Lili , Xiao Ming , Zhang Qian , Liu Haijie , Reb Yi , Ma Gaoting , Zhou Da , Ma Qingfeng , Yao Hui , Lin Ming , Gao Daiquan , Ye Linlin , Cui Yadong , Wang Ran , Wang Yelin , Zahng Lan , Zhong Lianmei , Gao Ge , Jolkkonen Jukka , Boltze Johannes
Published: November 2024

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) hold a significant promise as an innovative therapy for ischemic stroke, but the optimal transplantation strategy remains to be explored. This open label, single arm, phase I study (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT05697718) included 18 patients with subacute ischemic stroke, who exhibited a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 6-20 (median 9, interquartile range 8-12). The patients received a single intravenous transplantation of 50, 100, or 200 million UC-MSCs (n=6 for each dose), and were followed up for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the safety profile, and secondary outcome was the preliminary efficacy, with exploration on immunological changes. Possible treatment-related adverse events were dizziness, nausea, sweating, fatigue, and epilepsy. No serious adverse events occurred. A reduction in NIHSS score by 1~5 points was observed in 14 patients at the final follow-up. In conclusion, intravenous transplantation of UC-MSCs were well-tolerated in the stroke patients.
Spintwistronics: Photonic bilayer topological lattices tuning extreme spin-orbit interactions
Authors: Yuan Xiaocong , Shi Peng , Gou Xinxin , Zhang Qiang , Wei Weiyu , Wu Haijun , Li Songze , Zhu Zhi-Han , Shen Yijie
Published: November 2024

Twistronics, the manipulation of Moiré superlattices via the twisting of two layers of two-dimensional (2D) materials to control diverse and nontrivial properties, has recently revolutionized the condensed matter and materials physics1-6. Here, we introduce the principles of twistronics to spin photonics, coining this emerging field spintwistronics. In spintwistronics, instead of 2D materials, the two layers consist of photonic topological spin lattices on a surface plasmonic polariton (SPP) platform. Each 2D SPP wave supports the construction of topological lattices formed by photonic spins with stable skyrmion topology governed by rotational symmetry. By introducing spintwistronics into plasmonics, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that two layers of photonic spin lattices can produce Moiré spin superlattices at specific magic angles. These superlattices, modulated periodically by the quantum number of total angular momentum, exhibit novel properties-including new spin quasiparticle topologies, multiple fractal patterns, extremely slow-light control, and more-that cannot be achieved in conventional plasmonic systems. As a result, they open up multiple degrees of freedom for practical applications in quantum information, optical data storage and chiral light-matter interactions.
State-feedback control of vehicle lateral motion subjected to hybrid time-delays in the loop: stability and gain-optimization
Authors: LU HANGYU , Denes Takacs , Lu Jianwei , Wu Xiaodong , Stepan Gabor
Published: November 2024

Vehicle stability control (VSC) plays a central role both in the current traffic safety and in the way toward autonomy. Multiple types of time delays inevitably appear within the control loop affecting the performance and even the stability of the system. These delays can be classified as discrete and continuous ones, which together result in so-called hybrid delay effects. A vehicle model is introduced with transient and combined tire slip properties to accurately reflect the dynamics and controllability of a vehicle negotiating cornering. A semi-discretization (SD) method for the hybrid delay condition is proposed, which presents stability charts in the parameter space of control gains. The charts are validated by means of the analytical delay-averaging (DA) method constructed for the limited cases of continuous delay. Introducing the decay rate of settling as the optimization goal, the stable domain is further divided into regions characterized by the degrees of robustness against state perturbations. These optimal conditions are analyzed further for various delay hybridizations. The results are also validated by simulations carried out with the mechanical model of a vehicle which was identified experimentally. The cases with multiple hybrid delays reveal that the control performance essentially depends on the ratio of the hybrid delays rather than just on an averaged delay. Finally, conclusions regarding various gain-tuning strategies w.r.t different delay hybridization are given.
Adaptive Contextual Modulation for Token Prediction with Dynamic Semantic Weighting
Authors: Lefpar Alexander , Thackeray Yorick , Miller David , Ellington Montgomery , Lee Kenneth
Published: November 2024

The increasing complexity and diversity of language tasks require models capable of maintaining contextual integrity over extended sequences. Addressing such challenges, Adaptive Contextual Modulation (ACM) introduces a dynamic mechanism that adjusts semantic weighting during token generation, thereby enhancing context preservation and prediction accuracy. Through integration with an open-source Large Language Model (LLM), ACM demonstrates significant improvements in token prediction accuracy, contextual coherence, and computational efficiency. Quantitative evaluations reveal that ACM-augmented models achieve higher BERTScores and Distinct-n metrics, indicating superior semantic alignment and response diversity. Additionally, the enhanced handling of ambiguous queries and long-form content generation underscores ACM's potential to advance LLM development and applications requiring high context fidelity.
Volunteering As A Factor In The Implementation of a Sustainable Development at Sumy State University
Authors: Boyko Olga , Ziakun Alla , Povalii Tatiana , Kotenko Oleksandr , Sirik Oleksandr
Published: November 2024

Introduction. At the current stage, in the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine, the situation is characterized by socio-economic instability, the emergence of new specific categories of the population, in particular, veterans, disabled people, and their families. Under such conditions, there is a growing need for people who can provide voluntary assistance to the elderly, young people, children, persons with special needs and who find themselves in difficult life circumstances. Taking into account a situation, that was mentioned, there is a need to justify of the volunteer movement as a tool for building a society of sustainable development, which is capable of protecting various segments of the population from the consequences of the war in which the country is located.
Relevance of the study. Volunteering and sustainable development in the educational process are not new topics, but the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of volunteering in crisis situations, namely, during a full-scale war in Ukraine, in the higher educational institution Sumy State University (Ukraine), as well as to characterize practitioner of the organization of the volunteer movement at Sumy State University.
Methodology. Philosophical, sociological, cultural and general scientific methods were used in the research process, in particular, analysis and synthesis for the study of modern theoretical concepts and scientific developments regarding the understanding of the concept of «volunteering». Analytical method also was used, empirical methods, comparative method. Such approaches as activity and system were also used.
Results. The results of the study provide a possibility to determine the importance of such a mechanism as volunteering, which exists within civil society and is able to take the initiative at any time. Active volunteering develops the necessary life skills and professional experience for young people.
Conclusions. The article outlines the importance of the Strategic Development Plan of Sumy State University, which provided an opportunity to implement practical volunteer activities in difficult conditions. The implementation of organizational principles was the main factor in supporting the functioning of the organization in military circumstances. The principle of mobilizing internal potential was of integrative importance, as it provided opportunities to act independently of external factors, plan volunteer work within the team, using established internal business communications and available financial resources.
Aulas de Biologia para o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM): inclusão social de estudantes da rede pública
Authors: Jerônimo Rayane Ellen de Oliveira , Dantas Aline Cavalcanti , Medeiros Marcos Barros , Araújo Luís Felipe de , Paz Ronilson José da
Published: November 2024

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) é uma prova de admissão à educação superior, seja em uma instituição pública ou privada, realizada pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), autarquia vinculada ao Ministério da Educação do Brasil. Porém, os conhecimentos adquiridos nas instituições p�blicas pelos estudantes de classes menos favorecidas muitas vezes não são suficientes, sendo necessário recorrer a cursinhos preparatórios para o exame. Dessa forma, esse artigo teve como objetivo traçar um perfil e analisar a interação dos estudantes do ensino público no projeto preparatório para o ENEM, durante as aulas assíncronas e síncronas da disciplina Biologia. O projeto atendeu a mais de 1.000 estudantes oriundos de escolas públicas, destes, 242 responderam a uma pesquisa de sondagem não obrigatória, onde 45,5% estavam na faixa etária entre 16 e 18 anos. Ao serem questionados o nível de confiança com a prova do ENEM, 22,7% mostraram confiança n�vel cinco, 21,1% nçvel sete e 2,1% nçvel 10. Ao total, foram ministradas 30 aulas online, sempre apoiadas com material de apoio e questionários para fixação. Os conteúdos foram previamente divididos em unidades e durante as aulas eram utilizados recursos tecnológicos e imagens ilustrativas (memes) para atrair o interesse dos alunos nas aulas. Pode-se verificar que os estudantes matriculados no cursinho preparatório para o ENEM possuçam dificuldades e receios. Durante as aulas online foi possçvel identificar dificuldades de contextualização dos assuntos pelos alunos, porém um alto nível de interesse em aprender.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF COCONUT OIL PULLING PRACTICE VERSUS CURCUMIN BASED MOUTHWASH IN PLAQUE INDUCED GINGIVITIS: AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Abbey Puru , Garg Jaishree , Mohan Tripti , Kumar Aishwarya , Dingal Sohini , Majumder Sharmistha
Published: November 2024

Introduction:Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by a complex mix of microbes. Effective prevention and management of periodontal disease depend on the regular and thorough removal of bacterial plaque. There are various mechanical and chemical methods available for plaque control. Historically, essential oils have been utilized to treat numerous oral conditions, and many have been studied for their anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis properties. However, the use of coconut oil for these purposes has been explored in only a few studies. Objectives:The current study was conducted to compare and assess the therapeutic efficacy of Coconut Oil-Pulling and Curcumin-based Mouthwash in patients with plaque and gingivitis. Additionally, we measured the IL-1Î² levels in the saliva of patients with gingivitis. Materials and Method:A total of 40 periodontally healthy volunteers with the age range of 20-55 years were randomly divided into two groups: â€‘Group 1: virgin coconut oil mouthrinse (Anveshan Coconut oil) and Group 2: Curcumin mouthrinse(Turmix Mouthwash). Clinical parameters such as Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were recorded for all the subjects. An unstimulated salivary sample was collected at baseline and after 1 month for estimation of IL-1Î² levels. Results:Curcumin mouthwash was determined to be more effective when compared to coconut oil pulling in cases of mild gingivitis. Conclusion:Both the study groups showed reductions in PI, GI,GBI scores and IL-1Î² levels.â€ŠIt was observed that Coconut oil pulling and Curcumin mouthwash both served as a good alternative but curcumin mouthwash was found to be more effective when compared to coconut oil pulling in cases of mild gingivitis.
INTUSSUSCEPTION DUE TO MESENTERIC VASCULITIS A RARE MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Jana Brajagopal , Sen Indranil , Bhadra Triparna , Bhadury Spandan
Published: November 2024

Mesenteric vasculitis is one of the rare but deadliest complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a vast diverse spectrum of vasculopathy developing hemorrhage, ulceration, perforation, bowel necrosis, thrombosis. Intussusception due to underlying mesenteric vasculitis in background of SLE has been reported previously as a rare association in various literatures [1, 2]. Here we report a case of SLE with low SLEDAI where initial presentation was mesenteric vasculitis but it progressed to intussusception which is a rare presentation.
ADVANCING NEUROSCIENCE THROUGH CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES IN OPTOGENETICS
Authors:   Student Researcher, Greenwood High International School, Bangalore, India., Akhawat Nimit
Published: November 2024

Optogenetics is a technique that allows the control of neuronal activities using light. This can be expressed by different engineered enzymes and light-sensitive ion channels such as Channelrhodopsin (ChR) and Halorhodopsin (NpHR). Optogenetics has seen significant advancements from 2000 to 2024. This review article highlights the development of microbial opsins over the years, focusing on the most important ones, like Channelrhodopsin and Halorhodopsin, which led to the emergence of Optochemical genetics. Moreover, it analyzes the combination of optogenetics with chemical approaches rather than just relying solely on chemogenetic or optogenetic methods, which enhances the techniques capabilities and makes it more efficient. This combined approach, often called optochemical genetics, typically makes use of bioluminescence for its applications. This review also outlines the various types of luminopsinsâ€”combinations of light-sensing opsins and light-emitting proteinsâ€”and explores the applications of optochemical genetics.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY EVALUATION OF PEDIATRIC NECK MASSES
Authors:   Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences., N. Greeshma , Melkundi Shivanand ,   Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.
Published: November 2024

Background: Neck masses are a frequent discovery in children and pose challenges in diagnosis. These masses can stem from congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic, or vascular origins. Understanding the cervical anatomy and compartments is crucial for differential diagnosis. There are different cystic lesions like ranula, thyroglossal cyst, brachial cyst, lymphangioma and vascular malformation and solid lesions like reactive lymph nodes,thyroid lesions,ectopic thymus etc.Rare lesions like teratoma,rhabdomyosarcoma,neurofibroma also exists. Aims: To assess congenital and acquired neck masses in children using ultrasonography (USG) and correlate imaging findings with pathology. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study involved 30 pediatric patients with clinically palpable neck swellings referred for USG. Imaging was followed by necessary USG-guided procedures, and radiological findings were compared with histopathology. Results: Among 30 patients, 68% were male and 32% female. Most patients (53%) were aged 1-10 years. Right-sided lesions were most common (41.15%), with bilateral (17.25%) and midline (11.5%) presentations noted. Inflammatory causes were predominant (76.1%), followed by congenital (16.3%) and neoplastic (7.5%). USG revealed features such as reactive lymphadenitis (14 cases), TB lymphadenitis (6 cases), abscesses (2 cases, confirmed by aspiration), thyroglossal cysts (3 cases), lipomas (2 cases, confirmed by histopathology), malignancies (2 cases, confirmed by biopsy), and a branchial cyst (1 case). Conclusion: Pediatric neck masses are common and diagnostically challenging. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, and knowledge of cervical anatomy are crucial for accurate diagnosis. Utilizing neck compartments and multimodality imaging aids in precise diagnosis and appropriate management.
SWALLOWING THE PAIN: THE EFFECT OF CONDOLENCE CULTURE ON TRAUMA AND GRIEF EXPERIENCE
Authors: Avci Mahsum
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the rituals that are considered appropriate by Turkish society during the condolence and mourning process of individuals who experience loss on the individual during and after the condolence and mourning process. Method: This qualitative research is based on the interpretive phenomenological approach. A total of 22 participants who had lost a family member within the last five years and were identified as bereaved were included in the study. Results: The data obtained from the participants were analyzed using the content analysis method and six themes were identified: Swallowing Pain, Idealized Rituals Creating Trauma, Cultural Mourning Rituals Transferred between Generations, Dreams Turning into Nightmares, Revived Traumatic Memories, and Rituals Affecting Cultural Beliefs and Life Functions. Conclusion: These findings show that condolence and mourning rituals practiced after loss in Turkey negatively affect individuals experiences of death, pain, and grief.
NAVIGATING CANCEL CULTURE: PR AND MARKETING TACTICS FOR BRAND REPUTATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Yadav Tavishi
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the multifaceted role of public relations (PR) and marketing in managing brand reputation amidst the growing influence of cancel culture. With the rise of social media, cancel culture has become a powerful force, holding brands and individuals accountable for their actions and statements. This research delves into how brands can navigate this challenging landscape by employing proactive communication, apology strategies, and rebranding efforts. The study examines key case studies, such as Gillettes The Best Men Can Be campaign and Nikes partnership with Colin Kaepernick, showcasing how these brands tackled controversies through strategic messaging and aligning with social justice causes. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of authenticity, humility, and accountability in PR responses, and the power of real-time audience engagement in mitigating negative sentiment. By analyzing these elements, the paper provides actionable insights for PR professionals and marketers to enhance brand resilience and maintain trust in an era of heightened public scrutiny.
EXAMINING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AND DIVERSION IN THE INDONESIAN JUVENILE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AS LEGAL SETTLEMENT:BASED ON THE DIGNIFIED JUSTICE THEORY
Authors:   PhD Candidate at the Doctoral Program, Faculty of Law, Pelita Harapan University, Banten-Indonesia., Tjangklek Mulyana SH , SPd , M. Si Yully
Published: November 2024

The legal issue underlying the writing of this research article is the existence of a legal vacuum (rechtsvacuum). The legal vacuum or lacunae referred to is the lack of legal theory (meta-theory) and philosophical theory (meta-meta theory). By legal vacuum (lacunae) in terms of meta-theory and meta-meta theory, refers to the absence of a legal theory or jurisprudence that is truly original or authentic to Indonesia. There is still no original or authentic Indonesian legal theory or jurisprudence that explains, justifies, or provides scientific justification, in the sense of providing a theoretical basis for dogmatics that explain the norms, rules, or legal regulations governing the practice of law, specifically in the resolution of criminal cases involving juveniles as perpetrators of criminal acts.The statement that no theory or jurisprudence is truly original to Indonesia, as mentioned above, means that no theory or jurisprudence exists that is not a derivative or adapted from other systems. It should be emphasized here that this research is not motivated by an anti-Western sentiment. The research adopts a normative juridical approach with a philosophical perspective. The research finds that the Dignified Justice Theorycan be used to fill the legal vacuum needed to explain and justify restorative justice and diversion in the resolution of juvenile criminal cases in Indonesia. The Dignified Justice Theory can provide a theoretical and philosophical foundation for restorative justice and diversion by understanding that both restorative justice and diversion are derivative norms originating from Pancasila, the ultimate source of all legal sources in the Pancasila Legal System.
DYNAMIC DEMAND FORECASTING IN SUPPLY CHAINSUSING HYBRID ARIMA-LSTM ARCHITECTURES
Authors:   Student, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA., Suddala Swathi
Published: November 2024

Demand forecasting in supply chains is essential for efficient inventory management, production planning, and cost optimization. Traditional time series models, such as Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), are effective in modeling linear relationships but often fall short in handling the nonlinear complexities characteristic of volatile demand patterns. Conversely, deep learning models like Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have proven adept at capturing intricate temporal dependencies, though they are computationally intensive and require substantial data. This study introduces a hybrid ARIMA-LSTM framework that leverages the linearity strengths of ARIMA in conjunction with LSTMs capacity for learning non-stationary, nonlinear patterns. The hybrid model decomposes the demand series, modeling linear trends with ARIMA and residual nonlinear components with LSTM. Empirical evaluations of real-world supply chain data reveal that this integrated architecture outperforms standalone ARIMA and LSTM models, achieving superior predictive accuracy and robustness in handling demand variability. Our findings underscore the hybrid models potential as an advanced predictive solution for dynamic, data-driven supply chain management.
THE FACTORS LEADING TO OUTWARD MIGRATION OF THE CHAKMAS FROM CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS
Authors:   Research ScholarDepartment of Political ScienceMizoram University., Lalrinchhani Lalrinchhani , Lallianchhunga Lallianchhunga ,   Associate ProfessorDepartment of Political ScienceMizoram University.
Published: November 2024

Chittagong and its hill tracts has been historically the homeland of various tribal groups. Such that when the British annexed the tracts, to suit their administration various laws were promulgated to protect and declared excluded it from generally laws applicable to the plains. These same laws were more or less similar to the hills tribal areas in different parts of British India. In fact, the tribal leaders of CHT having feared to be part of Islamic state choose to be with the liberal side, India. However, partition came with different story leaving the tribals to struggle for their political future. Unlike India, the then East Pakistan choose to subdue, if not abolished, the British protectionist policy for the Hill Tracts. Following the extremist policy, the new Pro Islamic State chose development policies harming the tribal demography. The Chakma being the largest tribal communities faced the atrocity of State the most. There, the present study analysed on how various state sponsored programmes had affect the tribal in CHT leading to outward migration as a result of - dam projects, non-tribal resettlement in tribal areas, counter insurgency programme.
TRACKING THE FUTURE OF THE OCEAN FROM PERSPECTIVE PRESENT AND PAST HISTORY
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia., Ali Ismail , Tarsat Mosli ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia., Nyenging Taong Douglas ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
Published: November 2024

This article aims to discuss the future history of the ocean from a past and present perspective, focusing on how historical patterns and current data can be used to predict future challenges and opportunities that marine ecosystems and coastal communities may face. Key questions explored in this study include the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity, the threat of plastic pollution, potential geopolitical conflicts in strategic sea lanes, as well as implications for maritime economics and food security. In terms of conceptual framework studies, this paper uses continuity theory and future uncertainty theory used to analyze the relationship between past changes, current conditions, and future potential in maritime ecosystems. In terms of methodology, the study will use qualitative methods through the analysis of marine history literature and maritime science, as well as the use of simulation methods and predictive models to study future trends. This article also applies maritime climate change theory, maritime geopolitical theory, and maritime economic sustainability theory to support discussions and predict possible future scenarios. The results of this study show that the future history of the ocean depends not only on scientific data but also on the understanding of historical and social contexts, which can help shape a more comprehensive and sustainable ocean management strategy.
ANAESTHESIOLOGY AS A CAREER CHOICE AMONGST INTERN DOCTORS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL - QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY
Authors: Gupta Richa , Shah Priyanka , Rajani Bharti , Patel Akash , Soria Karan , Rajani Shravan
Published: November 2024

Background:Selection of speciality branch for Intern is becoming a challenge nowadays.Anaesthesia is one of the most sought after branch in developed countries while it is not much preferred in developing countries like ours. Aims:1) To assess awareness and attitude towards anaesthesiology as the choice of post graduate course amongst intern doctors 2) To assess the factors which influence in making such choice. Method:A cross sectional study, in which hospital-based questionnaire will be conducted in GMERS Medical College and hospital, Gandhinagar. Data will be collected using interviewer-administered validated questionnaire.After completion of survey, data collected will be analysed. Results:In our study total 126 intern doctors, Regarding the preferences of speciality branch for post graduate course we came to know that general medicine was the first preferred branch for the majority (58.86%) interns and anaesthesia was in second and third choice for many students (18%),With very less number of interns to choose anaesthesia, the reasons for not choosing anaesthesia was that it is an emergency and risky branch and second major reason was lack of recognition to the patients.Increase duration of anaesthesia posting during UG course will help to create awareness about anaesthesia as per 51% intern doctors. Conclusion:To increase interest, we as an anaesthetist should increase the duration of posting during internship and should increase vocational interactions regarding challenge and importance of anaesthesia during peri-operative period.
Deciphering the link: An empirical analysis of the interplay between economic value added and dividend payouts in the Indian corporate landscape
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Bhatia Prince
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the dynamic interplay between economic value added (EVA) and dividend payout among listed firms in India. Leveraging data spanning from 2013 to 2019 for 564 Indian-listed companies, the study employs a fixed effect panel regression model to meticulously examine the intricate relationship between EVA and dividend payout. The findings decisively indicate a significant and positive correlation between the two, underscoring that an augmented EVA is associated with an elevated dividend payout ratio. Notably, a compelling insight emerges, revealing that a 100 percent surge in EVA corresponds to a noteworthy 5 percent upswing in firms’ dividend payouts. To fortify the robustness of these findings, the study employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) methodology, corroborating the initial results. In essence, this paper solidifies the notion that heightened economic value added translates to increased dividend payments, providing valuable insights for both practitioners and researchers in the realm of corporate finance.
Intercomparison of machine learning methods for statistical downscaling of daily temperature under CMIP6 scenarios: a case study from Iran
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Hashemipour Zaynab , Saremi Amir , Niazkar Majid
Published: November 2024

General Circulation Models (GCMs) represent a contemporary and advanced tool designed to simulate the response of climate systems to alterations in greenhouse gas levels. Increasing spatial resolutions of the outputs of GCMs on a regional scale requires a downscaling process. This study applied six Machine Learning (ML) models, named decision tree regression (DTR), support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANN), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Stochastic Gradient Descent Regressor (SGDRegressor), to downscale daily temperature data from CMIP6 models in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran. Observations from Nazmakan station were used for training (1995 -2009) and testing (2009 -2015). In addition, future temperature projections during 2015 -2045 were made under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Results showed that LightGBM and KNN developed the most reliable results. Mann-Kendall's analysis confirmed a significant upward trend, predicting cooler summers and warmer winters. The predicted data was also validated against observations from the period 2015 -2022. This study highlights the strengths and limitations of nonlinear ML techniques and emphasizes the need for further research to enhance predictive accuracy and spatial resolution in statistical downscaling.
Enhanced purification efficacy of the microflocculation–ultrafiltration process for raw water quality from multiple sources during heavy rainfall
Authors: Yao Tangchun , Chen Yichao , Wu Wenting , Jin Binbin , Xiao Hua , Wang Qing , Wang Ao , Xu Hang
Published: November 2024

In this study, we utilized direct ultrafiltration (UF) and integrated microflocculation–ultrafiltration (MF–UF) processes to treat raw water from four distinct sources, covering both dry and heavy rainfall periods. We assessed the effectiveness of microflocculation (MF) as a pretreatment to enhance treatment efficiency under complex water conditions, focusing on its role in mitigating membrane fouling. The results demonstrated the superior adaptability of UF membranes when combined with MF pretreatment, particularly in managing high turbidity during heavy rainfall, a challenge for standalone UF processes in meeting regulatory standards. This integrated approach notably improved UV254 removal efficiency from approximately 60–80%. Additionally, excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy revealed that while the MF–UF process is effective in removing dissolved organic matter (DOM), it faces limitations with high DOM concentrations in raw water. Comparative analysis of membrane flux between the two methods showed that MF pretreatment reduces filtration time, enhances flux rates, and significantly decreases membrane fouling. Finally, scanning electron microscopy further provided insights into the structure and morphology of UF membrane surface filter cakes, illustrating how MF pretreatment contributes to the sustained efficiency of membrane flux.
‘Yes, we care’: pro-environmental social identity framing to promote acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Gómez-Román Cristina , Jans Lise , Steg Linda , Vila-Tojo Sergio , Sabucedo José-Manuel
Published: November 2024

Decentralized wastewater treatment systems can help mitigate the water crisis. Their successful implementation depends not only on their technological design but also on the level of public support. We aim to assess how a pro-environmental social identity framing in which we present a decentralized wastewater treatment system as an environmentally responsible neighborhood initiative may increase public support of these systems. Two experimental studies examined the impact of pro-environmental social identity framing on public acceptance of decentralized wastewater systems in Groningen (the Netherlands) (n = 92) and Santiago de Compostela (Spain) (n = 208). As expected, pro-environmental social identity framing increased public acceptance in both studies, irrespective of the extent to which people identify with their neighborhood. Specifically, participants in the pro-environmental social identity framing condition displayed more positive attitudes, more positive and less negative emotions, and higher voting intentions toward the decentralized wastewater systems compared to those in the control condition. These results suggest that connecting such systems to shared neighborhood identities can be an effective strategy for overcoming barriers to their implementation. Our study offers valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and environmental advocates to craft messages to promote the adoption of decentralized wastewater systems.