bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of tool use in a seabird?
Authors: Farrar Benjamin George
Published: January 2020

Fayet, Hansen and Biro (1) provide two observations of Atlantic puffins, Fratercula arctica performing self-directed actions while holding a stick in their beaks. The authors interpret this as evidence of tool use as they suggest that the stick was manipulated towards the birds’ plumage with the specific goal of scratching. While these are interesting observations, the authors do not address a simple and likely explanation of the self-directed actions that does not constitute tool use; that the observations occurred by chance. As such, their conclusions about tool use and cognition in seabirds are premature.
Did you see it? Robust individual differences in the speed with which meaningful visual stimuli break suppression
Authors: Sklar Asael , Goldstein Ariel , Abir Yaniv , Goldstein Alon , Dotsch Ron , Todorov Alexander , Hassin Ran
Published: January 2020

Perceptual conscious experiences result from non-conscious processes that precede them. We document a new characteristic of the human cognitive system: the speed with which the non-conscious processes prioritize percepts to conscious experiences. In eight experiments (N=375) we find that an individual’s non-conscious prioritization speed (NPS) is ubiquitous across a wide variety of stimuli, and generalizes across tasks and time. We also find that variation in NPS is unique, in that it is not explained by variation in conscious cognitive speed, decision thresholds, short-term visual memory, and by the three networks of attention (alerting, orienting and executive). Finally, we find that NPS is correlated with self-reported differences in perceptual experience. We conclude by discussing the implications of variance in NPS for understanding individual variance in behavior and the neural substrates of consciousness.
Effect of culture on memory for binding different types of visual information
Authors: Shaw John J , Monaghan Padraic , Urgolites Zhisen
Published: January 2020

The degree of individualism or collectivism in a culture has observable effects on cognitive processing. Participants from collectivist cultures are less able to identify a previously displayed object when presented with a novel background than participants from individualist cultures. This can be interpreted as collectivist cultures more likely to process information field dependently. We tested explicitly whether collectivist or individualist cultures are more likely to bind foreground and background images and whether such binding is differentially affected for object-scene and action-scene combinations. Across three experiments participants viewed item-context composites, then completed a forced-choice recognition task. In Experiment 1, 61 UK and 57 Malaysian participants viewed object-scene composites, with UK participants significantly more accurate in correct composite recognition, with Experiment 2 demonstrating this difference was not due to cultural differences in object familiarity. In Experiment 3, 62 UK and 67 Malaysian participants viewed action-scene composites, with no significant difference between cultures in proportion of items recognised. The results of Experiment 1 suggest that the UK sample were able to store high-fidelity representations of visual features as an association between item and context, while the Malaysian sample were unable to. This result is discussed in relation to both cultural, and cognitive psychology.
Pesan Dakwah dalam Catatan “Te-Ko Ramadan 1440” karya Laila Fariha Zein
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: January 2020

Dakwah pada saat ini banyak dipahami bukan sekadar proses penyampaian ajaran Islam melalui ceramah dan khutbah di podium atau mimbar yang banyak dilakukan oleh penceramah atau mubaligh. Namun, saat ini dakwah akan lebih terarah apabila dalam materi dakwah tersebut mengandung sentuhan psikologis dan sosiologis dengan realitas yang ada. Banyak da’i yang menjadi panutan ketika materi dakwah yang disampaikan sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat. Salah satu dakwah yang mengandung sentuhan tersebut biasanya disampaikan melalui karya tulis. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, riset ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pesan dalam catatan “Te-Ko Ramadan 1440” karya Laila Fariha Zein dari sisi akidah, syariah, dan akhlak. Data yang digunakan dalam riset ini berupa tuturan yang disajikan dalam catatan tersebut, kemudian dielaborasi menggunakan kerangka teori analisis isi pengembangan dari Harold Laswell. Kerangka ini dipilih karena dapat membantu untuk memperoleh keterangan dari komunikasi yang disampaikan dalam catatan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa catatan “Te-Ko Ramadan 1440” karya Laila Fariha Zein memuat pesan dakwah disampaikan secara sederhana dalam bentuk empat buah percakapan antara dua tokoh terkait pengalaman pribadi penulis yang dilanjutkan dengan penjelasan penulis terhadap keempat percakapan tersebut. Penyampaian ini memudahkan para pembaca untuk mencerna pesan yang disampaikan oleh penulis. Lebih lanjut, kami mendapatkan pesan dakwah kategori akhlak lebih banyak di bandingkan dengan kategori aqidah dan syariah. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa melalui catatan “Te-Ko Ramadan 1440”, Laila Fariha Zein sebagai penulis menyampaikan pesan agar pembaca meneladani akhlak yang dialami oleh dirinya, yang secara tersirat memberi teladan kepada pembaca supaya bisa dan biasa mengambil hikmah dari pengalaman diri sendiri.
Analisis Perhitungan, Pemotongan, Dan Pelaporan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 23 Pada PT. Banyu Biru Sentosa
Authors: Julianto Julianto , Herijawati Etty
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada PT. Banyu Biru Sentosa yang merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang eksportir barang, khususnya adalah perusahaan yang melakukan penjualan koral (terumbu karang) beserta ikan hias air laut ke luar negeri. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perhitungan pemotongan dan pelaporan pajak penghasilan pasal 23 atas penggunaan jasa perantara atau keagenan (freight forwarder) dan untuk mengetahui apakah perhitungan, pemotongan dan pelaporan pajak penghasilan pasal 23 atas penggunaan jasa perantara dan keagenan (freight forwarder) sudah sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan di Indonesia.

Sumber data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan berupa wawancara dengan  divisi accounting yang sudah terstruktur dengan tujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari perusahaan di PT. Banyu Biru Sentosa. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dengan menggumpulkan data-data yang ada di perusahaan dengan melakukan dokumentasi terhadap faktur-faktur maupun bukti potong pajak penghasilan pasal 23 yang nantinya akan diteliti.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa PT. Banyu Biru Sentosa masih belum sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku di Indonesia dalam melakukan perhitungan, pemotongan dan pelaporan pajak penghasilan pasal 23 atas penggunaan jasa perantara atau keagenan (freight forwarder).
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Various Solvent Extracts of Seed of Rudrakshya (Elaeocarpus ganitrus) from Ilam District of Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Bishan Datt , Dahal Purushottam
Published: January 2020

Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Rudrakshya) is an evergreen tree found in tropical and sub-tropical regions and has been commonly used in traditional medicine against various diseases. In the present study, phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant property of seed of Elaeocarpus ganitrus have been evaluated in hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids etc. The antibacterial test showed a significant zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus with the maximum zone of inhibition of 20 mm. The study showed that these extracts can be used as antimicrobial substances against various bacteria. Antioxidant activity of the methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extract were studied by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. Among the IC50 values of different extracts on DPPH assay for antioxidant determination, methanol seed extract showed the lowest value of 28.09 µg/mL. This means methanol extract of seed showed the significantly high antioxidant properties. Calculation of total phenolic content showed a significant amount of phenolic content in different solvent extracts. Methanol seed extract showed the highest total phenolic content of 174.6 mgGAE/g. Similarly, methanol seed extract showed the highest total flavonoid content of 107.13 mgQE/g. These results suggest that the seeds of the Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Rudrakshya) plant from the Ilam district of Nepal possess high antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and thus, the plant can be used in the discovery of new bioactive natural products.
The Effects of Learners’ Perceptions and Affective Factors on L2 Learning Outcomes
Authors: Grey Sarah , Jackson Carrie
Published: January 2020

La confiance en soi sur le plan linguistique est un facteur sous-jacent de la motivation à l’égard de la L2 et des résultats positifs dans l’apprentissage de la L2. Or, peu de chercheurs se sont penchés sur l’hypothèse de sa relation avec les résultats objectifs de l’apprentissage de la L2 ou sur la relation entre la confiance en soi et les différences individuelles cognitives et affectives qui influent sur l’apprentissage de la L2. Dans le cadre de l’étude réalisée par les auteurs, des participants apprennent des mots nouveaux en L2 ainsi que leur genre grammatical ; ils sont ensuite soumis à un test visant à évaluer l’exactitude objective avec laquelle ils reconnaissent et produisent les mots et en déterminent le genre. Les participants exécutent également des tâches destinées à évaluer la perception subjective qu’ils ont de leurs aptitudes linguistiques (à exploiter la confiance en soi sur le plan linguistique), leur motivation à l’égard de la L2, leur anxiété vis-à-vis de la L2 et leur mémoire de travail. La perception subjective affiche une corrélation significative avec la performance au test, ce qui confirme l’hypothèse selon laquelle les perceptions des apprenants sont liées aux résultats concrets de l’apprentissage. L’analyse des différences individuelles révèle que seuls les facteurs affectifs permettent de prédire avec une exactitude significative les perceptions de l’apprentissage de la L2. Ces résultats nous renseignent sur l’apport de la confiance en soi sur le plan linguistique à l’apprentissage de la L2.
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ RAPORLAMASI: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ İŞLETMELERİN GÖNÜLLÜ KARBON SAYDAMLIK PROJESİ (CDP) AÇIKLAMALARI
Authors: SULTANOĞLU Banu , ÖZERHAN Yildiz
Published: January 2020

İklim değişikliği, Dünya Ekonomik Forumu’nun
Küresel Risk Raporu’nda 2016 yılından bu yana birinci sırada yer alan tehdit
unsuru olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin temel nedeni, sera
gazı emisyonlarında insan faaliyetleri sonucu gözlemlenen artıştır. Karbon
Saydamlık Projesi (CDP), sera gazı
emisyonlarının azaltılması konusundaki hedeflerine ilişkin ilerleme konularında,
işletmelerin kurumsal yatırımcılar aracılığıyla raporlama yapmasını teşvik eden
en yaygın çevresel raporlama platformudur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki
işletmelerin 2010-2018 yılları arası gönüllü olarak CDP anketine katılım
düzeyleri ve aldıkları puanlar yıllar itibariyle incelenmiş olup,
sürdürülebilirlik endeksi ile CDP raporlaması arasındaki ilişki irdelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, CDP’ye yanıt veren işletmelerin sayısının yıllar
itibariyle artış gösterdiği, ancak henüz istenilen seviyede olmadığı, yanıt
vermeyenlerin oranının %50’nin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde
sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasını teşvik etmek amacıyla 2014 yılında oluşturulan
BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinin CDP Raporlamasına katkı sağladığı anlaşılmaktadır.
MUHASEBE MANİPÜLASYON RİSKİNİN HİLE ÜÇGENİ VE ÖRGÜTSEL İŞLETME STRATEJİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: ALTUNAL İşik , KURNAZ Niyazi
Published: January 2020

Çalışmanın
amacı muhasebe manipülasyon riski üzerinde etkili olan stratejik faktörleri
tespit etmektir. Bu faktörlerin tespiti amacıyla öncelikle Borsa İstanbul’a
kayıtlı işletmelerin muhasebe manipülasyon riski tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada
muhasebe manipülasyon riski belirlendikten sonra, muhasebe manipülasyon riski
üzerinde etkili olacağı düşünülen stratejik faktörlerin tespiti amacıyla hile
üçgeni teorisinden ve örgütsel işletme stratejilerinden yararlanılmıştır.

Çalışmanın
sonucunda toplam 44 baskı ve fırsat faktörlerine ait finansal ve finansal
olmayan değişkenden 10 değişkenin muhasebe manipülasyon riskini arttırdığı, 7
değişkenin ise muhasebe manipülasyon riskini azaltarak finansal raporlama
kalitesini arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda bulunan
değişkenler dokuz yıllık panel veri sonucunda anlamlı bulunduğundan ötürü
sonuçların güvenirliği açısından önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu nedenle
denetçilerin denetledikleri kurum üzerindeki kırmızı bayrakları belirlerken
çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulguları dikkate alması etkili bir denetim
açısından önerilmektedir.
ENTEGRE RAPORLAMA VE YEREL YÖNETİMLERDE UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: MARŞAP Beyhan , DEMİREL Bilge Leyli , ALTINAY Ayşenur
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
entegre raporlamanın yerel yönetimlerde uygulanabilirliğinin ve sağlayacağı
katkının ortaya konulmasıdır. Amaca yönelik olarak oluşturulan araştırma
sorularından ilki, toplumda işletmenin ilişkide olduğu, işletmenin
faaliyetlerinden etkilenen ve faaliyetleriyle işletmeyi etkileyen tüm toplumsal
taraflar olarak tanımlanan paydaşların niçin belediyeler açısından önemli
olduğunun ortaya konulması, ikincisi ise, entegre raporlamanın yerel yönetimler
için neden önemli olduğunun cevaplanmasıdır.
Review of random multiple access methods for massive machine type communication
Authors: Matveev Nikolay , Turlikov Andrey
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Intensive research is currently underway in the field of data transmission systems for the Internet of Things in relation to various scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication. The presence of a large number of devices in such systems necessitates the use the methods of random multiple access to a common communication channel. It is proposed in some works to increase the channel utilization efficiency by the use of error correction coding methods for conflict resolution (Coded Random Access). The vast variety of options for using such communication systems has made it impossible to compare algorithms implementing this approach under the same conditions. This is a problem that restrains the development of both the theory and practice of using error correction code methods for conflict resolution. Purpose: Developing a unified approach to the description of random multiple access algorithms; performing, on the base on this approach, a review and comparative analysis of algorithms in which error correction code methods are used for conflict resolution. Results: A model of a random multiple access system is formulated in the form of a set of assumptions that reflect both the features of various scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication and the main features of random multiple access algorithms, including Coded Random Access approaches. The system models are classified by the following features: 1) a finite or infinite number of subscribers; 2) stable, unstable or metastable systems; 3) systems with retransmissions or without them; 4) systems with losses or without them. For a lossy system, the main characteristics are Throughput (the proportion of successfully delivered messages) and Packet Loss Rate (probability of a message loss). For a lossless system, the basic characteristics are the algorithm speed and the average delay. A systematic review and comparative analysis of Coded Random Access algorithms have been carried out. The result of the comparative analysis is presented in a visual tabular form. Practical relevance: The proposed model of a random multiple access system can be used as a methodological basis for research and development of random multiple access algorithms for both existing and new scenarios of Massive Machine Type Communication. The systematic results of the review allow us to identify the promising areas of research in the field of data transmission systems for the Internet of Things.
A hybrid analytical-numerical solution for a circular pile under lateral load in multilayered soil
Authors: Hien Nghiem Xuan
Published: January 2020

A hybrid analytical-numerical solution is proposed to solve the problem of a laterally loaded pile with a circular cross-section in multilayered soils. In the pile-soil model, the lateral load is located at the pile head including both lateral force and bending moment. The single pile is considered as a beam on elastic foundation while shear beams model the soil column below the pile toe. The differential equations governing pile deflections are derived based on the energy principles and variational approaches. The differential equations are solved iteratively by using the finite element method that provides results of pile deflection, rotation angle, shear force, and bending moment along the pile and equivalent stiffness of the pile-soil system. The modulus reduction equation is also developed to match the proposed results well to the three-dimensional finite element analyses. Several examples are conducted to validate the proposed method by comparing the analysis results with those of existing analytical solutions, the three-dimensional finite element solutions.

Keywords:

beam on elastic foundation; finite element method; pile; energy principle; lateral load.
A three-dimensional model for rain-wind induced vibration of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges
Authors: Nhu Nguyen Thi Hai , Binh Tran Anh , Hung Ha Manh
Published: January 2020

The most rigorous effective medium approximations for elastic moduli are elaborated for matrix composites made from an isotropic continuous matrix and isotropic inclusions associated with simple shapes such as circles or spheres. In this paper, we focus specially on the effective elastic moduli of the heterogeneous composites with arbitrary inclusion shapes. The main idea of this paper is to replace those inhomogeneities by simple equivalent circular (spherical) isotropic inclusions with modified elastic moduli. Available simple approximations for the equivalent circular (spherical) inclusion media then can be used to estimate the effective properties of the original medium. The data driven technique is employed to estimate the properties of equivalent inclusions and the Extended Finite Element Method is introduced to modeling complex inclusion shapes. Robustness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through numerical examples with arbitrary inclusion shapes.

Keywords:

data driven approach; equivalent inclusion, effective elastic moduli; heterogeneous media; artificial neural network.
Multidiscilinary design optimization for aircraft wing using response surface method, genetic algorithm, and simulated annealing
Authors: Lam Xuan-Binh
Published: January 2020

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) has received a considerable attention in aerospace industry. The article develops a novel framework for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of aircraft wing. Practically, the study implements a high-fidelity fluid/structure analyses and accurate optimization codes to obtain the wing with best performance. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) grid is automatically generated using Gridgen (Pointwise) and Catia. The fluid flow analysis is carried out with Ansys Fluent. The Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) mesh is automatically created by Patran Command Language. The structural analysis is done by Nastran. Aerodynamic pressure is transferred to finite element analysis model using Volume Spline Interpolation. In terms of optimization algorithms, Response Surface Method, Genetic Algorithm, and Simulated Annealing are utilized to get global optimum. The optimization objective functions are minimizing weight and maximizing lift/drag. The design variables are aspect ratio, tapper ratio, sweepback angle. The optimization results demonstrate successful and desiable construction of MDO framework.

Keywords:

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; fluid/structure analyses; global optimum; Genetic Algorithm; Response Surface Method.
Bending and free vibration behaviors of composite plates using the C0-HSDT based four-node element with in-plane rotations
Authors: Tai Huynh Huu , Hieu Nguyen Van , Thang Vu Duy
Published: January 2020

In this paper the smoothed four-node element with in-plane rotations MISQ24 is combined with a C0-type higher-order shear deformation theory (C0-HSDT) to propose an improved linear quadrilateral plate element for static and free vibration analyses of laminated composite plates. This improvement results in two additional degrees of freedom at each node and require no shear correction factors while ensuring the high precision of numerical solutions. Composite plates with different lay-ups, boundary conditions and various geometries such as rectangular, skew and triangular plates are analyzed using the proposed element. The obtained numerical results are compared with those from previous studies in the literature to demonstrate the effectiveness, the reliability and the accuracy of the present element.

Keywords:

composite laminated plates; bending problems; free vibration; C0-HSDT; MISQ24.
Design of a new soil concrete as an eco-material: Effect of clay and hemp fibers proportions
Authors: Chinh Ngo Duc , Tan Nguyen Ngoc
Published: January 2020

This study presents a series of soil concrete mix that is made of excavated soils, cement, lime and hemp fibers. An experimental program was carried out on the testing samples of soil concrete with different proportions of clayey soil and hemp fibers. This program focus on several properties of soil concrete, such as compressive strength, autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage and water mass loss with time. The obtained results show that the compressive strength of soil concrete increases even after 28 days, and can be reduced significantly with increasing the proportion of clayey soil. The effect of clayey soil on the properties tested of soil concrete is more than that of hemp fibers. In addition, drying shrinkage associated with water mass loss allows to describe the drying process of soil concrete.

Keywords:

soil concrete; hemp fibers; compressive strength; autogenous shrinkage; drying shrinkage; water mass loss.
Design and Development of an Educational 5-DoF Robotic Arm
Authors: A.O. Oluwajobi  , A.A. Oridate
Published: January 2020

The effective training of engineering students require hands-on experience in what they would later work with in the industry. The trend in manufacturing nowadays is towards robotics and automation. Relevant to this technology is the robotic hand. This paper outlines the design and the development of a 5-DoF (Degree of Freedom) robotic arm. The robotic arm is intended for educational purposes. The design proposed the use of servos to power the joints and to implement the inverse kinematics of the robotic arm. A simulation of the robotic arm was achieved by using the Matlab Robotics Toolbox, to visualise the joint movements. A suitable servo controller was selected for the implementation and a control software for the robotic arm was developed using Microsoft's C# programming language. The software allows the robotic arm gripper to be postioned in space, by specifying the coordinates of its centre position. Polymethyl methacrylate was selected to fabricate the components of the robotic arm. The robotic arm was tested by specifying various coordinates for the gripper with reference to the robot's base and measuring the corresponding coordinates of the centre position of the gripper, which gave satisfactory results.
MEKÂNI FEMİNİST PERSPEKTİFLE OKUMAK: BALIKESİR KENTİ MERKEZİ İŞ ALANI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: MİRİOĞLU Güldane
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada Balıkesir kenti merkezi iş
alanı (MİA) örneğinde feminist bir mekân okuması yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma feminist
perspektife dayanan nitel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma bütünüyle söylem
analizine dayanmaktadır, veri toplama yöntemi ise gözlemdir. Çalışma kapsamında
mekân ve cinsiyetin karşılıklı inşasını anlamak amaçlanmıştır.  Çalışmanın amacı üretilen ve üretici bir
fenomen olarak mekân ile cinsiyet arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaktır. Çalışma
kapsamında Balıkesir kenti MİA’ da toplumsal cinsiyet ilişkilerinin mekânı
üretmesi ve mekânın cinsiyeti inşası, mekân üzerinden okunarak
anlamlandırılmıştır. Çalışma, cinsiyet temelinde toplumsal ve mekânsal
eşitsizlikleri mekân üzerinden anlayarak bu eşitsizlikleri görünür kılmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda cadde ve sokakların sayıları,
darlıkları-genişlikleri, aydınlık-karanlık olmaları, açıklık-kapalılık,
güvenlilik-güvensizlik düzeyleri, kullanım fonksiyonları, yer adları, mekânsal
inşaların büyüklük ve küçüklükleri, yükseklik ve alçaklıkları, kent öznesi ve
kent simgeleri gibi çeşitli açılardan, MİA’ da mekânın eril inşası ile gündelik
yaşamda eril kullanım fonksiyonlarının bir araya gelerek kentin erilliğini arttırdığı
anlaşılmıştır.
DIVERSIDADE, ETNICIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: DIÁLOGOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS
Authors: Dos Santos Jucenilton Alves
Published: January 2020

Este texto objetiva estudar discussões teóricas sobre gênero, etnias, sexualidades, e suas relações com o ambiente escolar presentes em pesquisas de educação no Brasil, correlacionando-as com os principais temas e questões discutidas, assim como as diretrizes que apontam para o enfrentamento dos problemas destacados. É preciso que mostremos à sociedade brasileira os trabalhos que desenvolvemos/realizamos, assim como é necessário questionarmos a importância desse trabalho pois a produção de conhecimentos científicos devem corresponder às demandas da sociedade na qual estamos inseridos, sociedade essa que se encontra estruturada de maneira desigual e atravessa inúmeras formas de preconceito sendo os relacionados a gênero, sexualidade e etnia alguns exemplos, no âmbito escolar e no cenário nacional como um todo.
Viroids: Definition and features
Authors: Avina-Padilla Katia
Published: January 2020

Viroids are plant-restricted parasites that represent a remarkable model system to analyze many aspects of host-pathogen interactions at the genomic level . As the smallest known agents of infectious disease (247-401 nucleotides, nt), they have a highly structured, single-stranded circular naked and non-coding RNA genome. Although the list of known diseases caused by viroids and molecular characterization of the causative agents has expanded since they were discovered, their origin,evolution, and interaction with host genetic machinery to induce symptoms or escape the defensive system remains unclear.
Methods of Residual Stress Measurement
Authors: GUO JIANG
Published: January 2020

This entry introduces several commonly used residual stress measurement methods.
（Created By Guo Jiang and Fu Haiyang ）
Environmental Biophysics
Authors: Hubbart Jason
Published: January 2020

Environmental Biophysics is the field of study of organisms and the physical environment (macro- to microenvironment) that they inhabit. In general, environmental biophysical research is designed to understand, a) the microclimate of a given organism of interest, b) how the organism functions (i.e. natural history) in its microenvironment, and c) how the organism responds to micro-environmental perturbation either caused by natural or anthropogenic processes. To become more attuned to the approach of environmental biophysics requires that one understand the primary components of the discipline including the fundamental concepts of microclimatology, environmental science, and biophysics. This entry includes descriptions of the basic components of environmental biophysics and importance of the field of study.
Angiogenesis and de novo Arteriogenesis
Authors: Ren Bin
Published: January 2020

Arteriogenesis supply oxygen and nutrients in tumor microenvironment (TME), which may play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Current anti-angiogenetic targeted treatments have not shown substantial clinical benefits and they are poorly tolerated, and even lead to more malignant relapse. The heterogeneity of tumor-associated endothelial cells (TAECs) and tumor vasculature may be important and should be appreciated in therapeutic targeting the TME. In this regard, the de novo arteriogenesis within the TME may be associated with tumor progression, stemness of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and therapeutic resistance and relapse. Targeting tumor arteriogenesis may thus be a potential novel therapeutic target. Specifically, targeting the FoxO1-CD36-Notch pathway could show the clinical potential by acting on arteriolar niche and CSCs at the same time in a variety of cancers including neuroendocrine cancers, breast cancers, lung cancers and malignant melanoma.
Roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors（PPARs）
Authors: Benedetti Elisabetta
Published: January 2020

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert important functions in mediating the pleiotropic effects of diverse exogenous factors such as  physical exercise and food components. Particularly, PPARs act as transcription factors that control the expression of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, and cellular proliferation and  differentiation.  In this review, we aimed to summarize recent advancements reported on the effects of lifestyle and food habits on PPAR transcriptional activity.
Background of Financial technology and Smart Contracts
Authors: Rosillo Rafael , Fernandez-Vazquez Simon
Published: January 2020

Blockchain is currently one of the most important topics in both the academia and industry world, mainly due to the effects that the continuing development of this new technology embraces. The adoption of this technology by FinTech companies constitutes the next step towards the expansion of blockchain and its sustainability. Search results in smart contracts by FinTech companies have shown a deep focus in challenges such as security, scalability, legal and regulatory, privacy or latency, with proposed solutions still to be far from being effective. 
Cytonemes in Tumorigenesis
Authors: Portela Marta
Published: January 2020

Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories have emerged as a novel alternative for cell to cell communication that are involved in development, physiology, and disease. Several recent studies have shown that signalling pathways mediated by cytonemes during development, are essential for certain tumoral cell types progression.
In Drosophila wing disc EGFR and RET tumour models, cytoneme formation is required to receive signals from the neighbouring cells. Genetic ablation of cytonemes prevents tumour progression, restores apico-basal polarity, and improves survival.
Furthermore, cytonemes in the Drosophila glial cells are essential for glioblastoma progression as they alter Wg/Fz1 signalling between glia and neurons. Research on cytoneme formation, maintenance, and cell signalling mechanisms will help to better understand not only physiological developmental processes and tissue homeostasis but also cancer progression.
Acoustic Waves at the Interface Between Different Types of Anisotropic-Strata
Authors: Zhao Meishan , Fa Lin
Published: January 2020

Created by: Lin Fa and Meishan Zhao
АНАЛИЗ СРЕДСТВ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ РАЗРАБОТКИ FPGA КАК СЕРВИС
Authors: Заризенко Инна Николаевна , Перепелицын Артём Евгеньевич
Published: January 2020

This article has analyzed the most effective integrated development environments from leading programmable logical device (PLD) manufacturers. Heterogeneous calculations and the applicability of a general approach to the description of hardware accelerator designs are considered. An analytical review of the use of the OpenCL language in the construction of high-performance FPGA-based solutions is performed. The features of OpenCL language usage for heterogeneous computing for FPGA-based accelerators are discussed. The experience of a unified description of projects for solutions based on CPU, GPU, signal processors and FPGA is analyzed. The advantages of using such a description for tasks that perform parallel processing are shown. Differences in productivity and labor costs for developing FPHA systems with parallel data processing for hardware description languages and OpenCL language are shown. The results of comparing commercially available solutions for building services with FPGA accelerators are presented. The advantages of the Xilinx platform and tools for building an FPGA service are discussed. The stages of creating solutions based on FaaS are proposed. Some FaaS related tasks are listed and development trends are discussed. The SDAccel platform of the Xilinx SDx family is considered, as well as the possible role of these tools in creating the FPGA computing platform as a service. An example of using SDAccel to develop parallel processing based on FPGA is given. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of hardware description languages with such design automation tools are discussed. The results of comparing the performance of the simulation speed of the system described with the use of programming languages and hardware description languages are presented. The advantages of modeling complex systems are discussed, especially for testing solutions involving the processing of tens of gigabytes of data and the impossibility of creating truncated test sets. Based on practical experience, the characteristics of development environments, including undocumented ones, are formulated.
MODELS OF GENERATION OF INPUT DATA OF TRAINING OF NEURAL NETWORK MODULES FOR DIAGNOSTIC OF DISEASES IN UROLOGY
Authors: Fedorenko Mykola Ivanovych
Published: January 2020

The subject of the research presented in the article is neural network modules (NNMs), which are used to solve problems in the practice of diagnosing diseases in urology. This work aims to develop a mathematical model for generating a multitude of uroflowmetric parameters, in particular, graphs of uroflowrograms of the required volume, used as input data for NNM training. Objective: to develop a mathematical model for the formation of uroflowmetric parameters using a probabilistic approach based on a uniform "white noise". To develop an effective algorithm for the procedure for generating new parameter values and tools for its implementation. Methods used: NNM training methods, mathematical modeling methods, digital signal processing methods, tools for generating and processing random numerical sequences, digital data filtering methods. The following results were obtained: when creating and implementing a mathematical model for generating a large amount of training data, the requirements of randomness are taken into account when obtaining new values of uroflowmetric parameters. And at the same time, the obtained noise values are filtered to values of a given range, which are percentage-wise comparable to the amplitude value of the uroflowmetric parameter. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results is as follows: the NNM training method for recognizing diseases in urology has been improved by developing a mathematical model to generate uroflowmetric parameters for NNM training. The presented model allows you to create the necessary amount of data for training neural network modules in the course of experimental research on the recognition of diseases. The generation of uroflowmetric parameters is based on adding noise to the parameter values. This allows you to change the input data of the NNM training in a given range. This ensures the creation of the required input volume of the NNM training procedure. In the future, this contributes to the testing process of trained neural network modules with reliable information on the diagnosis of diseases in urology.
Pola Seleksi Berdasarkan Minat dan Bakat pada Calon Tenant Wirausaha Fakultas Bioindustri Universitas Trilogi
Authors: Maulidian Maulidian , Sumiasih Inanpi Hidayati , Puspitawati Mutiara Dewi , Indrawan Indri
Published: January 2020

Interest-and-Talent-Based Method of Selection in Prospective Entrepreneur at the Faculty of Bioindustry, Trilogi University
This program was aimed to determine the selection process based on interests and talents carried out by Bioindustry Entrepreneurship Capacity Development Center (called as PPKWB). This paper can be useful as a reference for conducting the selection process for prospective entrepreneurs in other entrepreneurship development centers. The selection method carried out by PPKWB consisted of 3 stages, namely proposal selection, interview selection, and psychological testing. The result of those activities was 12 selected tenants consisting of groups and individuals as well from 26 tenants registered and participated in the 2019 PPKWB program. The twelve tenants were divided into two, namely individual tenants and group tenants. Group tenants consisted of 2-3 members. The tenants came from several study programs consists of agribusiness, agroecotechnology, and food science and technology study programs. The focus areas of each tenant were food, agriculture, and cosmetics.
Innovative domestic product of “Емкарвак” – vaccine against blacleg at the market of veterinary immunobiological facilities
Authors: Boyko P. , Busol B. , Akymenko L. , Boyko O. , Kurtiak B. , Assory O.
Published: January 2020

The results over the test of new domestic vaccine against to the blackleg – “ЕМКАРВАК” was  brought. The local productive strain C. chauvoei of Л– 7 has high immunogenicity, protective  capacity and  create  immunity duration over 9 months. The corresponding changes in regulation technological process was enable to use  of the newest data in relation to immunogenicity capacity of C. chauvoei. In particular, duration of accumulation of microbial mass of C. chauvoei in a reactor diminished from 36–42 hours to 16–18 hour, as an adsorbent is used aerosils of brand of А-300 (a production is Germany) from the calculation of 3 ± 0.1mg/sm3 culture; the supernatants was recovered by concentration of liquid after inactivation. The microbial mass of vaccine is 3.5 ± 0.3×1093. The tests of vaccine of “ЕМКАРВАК” showed that preparation was sterile, inactivated, harmless (a bioassay is on guinea-pigs), owns high antigen (the level of antibodies for the instilled animals presented 1:828 ± 257 on a 21th day after inoculation) and immunogenicity activity. The field tests of vaccine of “ЕМКАРВАК” showed  that a vaccine owns high antigenicity, providing even in 12 months after her inoculation  high level of specific antibodies (the level for the instilled animals presented 1:32 ± 6.0 against 1:11 ± 3.6 for control animals). The productive tests of the productive-experienced series of vaccine of  “ЕМКАРВАК’ conducted in the conditions of 22 unhappy economies of the Volyn’ area on young cattle. Rejections of general (oppression, increase of temperature, loss of appetite and others like that) or changes of local character (slight swelling in place inoculation, increase of regional lymphatic knots) it was not educed. Thus, the vaccine of “ЕМКАРВАК” in the conditions of the field test appeared harmless and immunogenicity, able to support tense immunity at the receptive contingent of cattle during 9 months (term of supervision).
Production testing of antigenicity and immunogenicity of bivalent inactivated vaccine salmonellosis vaccine
Authors: Boiko O. P. , Sen O. M. , Kurtiak B. M. , Romanovych M. S. , Pundiak T. O. , Sobko G. V. , Romanovych L. V.
Published: January 2020

Scientists of both human and veterinary medicine combine their potential to develop new or improve old instruments in order to rein the problem of foodborne salmonellosis in Ukraine. According to the experience of European poultry industry, the most effective measure for the prevention of avian salmonellosis is total vaccination against salmonellosis of laying hens and breeding birds. In our country, the epizootic situation of salmonellosis of animals and poultry is consistently favorable. At the same moment nearly 90% of foods born Salmonella outbreaks are of poultry and egg products origin. In other words the source of major source of Salmonella agent is avian origin. Currently no vaccines of native origin have been registered in Ukraine. Although there have been numerous attempts to develop a vaccine against avian salmonellosis. The purpose of our work is to evaluate the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the two experimental series of bivalent inactivated emulsified vaccine against avian salmonellosis in production conditions. During the examination of the vaccine in the poultry farm it was found that for 21 days after the re-introduction of the vaccine, the titers of antibodies to the mono-antigens S. Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Gallinarum in the Agglutination Test (AT) and Indirect Hemagglutination Test (IH) were: 1 : 640–1280 to 1 : 2560–5120 respectively. This indicates high antigenicity of the vaccine. No significant difference between the levels of antibodies to Typhimurium and Enteritidis antigens was detected neither in AT nor IH. At the same time the levels of antibodies to mono-antigen Gallinarum were markedly lower in both reactions (1 : 160–1 : 320 – in AT and 1 : 320–1 : 1280 – in IH), but high enough to indicate that the vaccine creates a tense cross-humoral immunity to Salmonella surface antigens of Gallinarum serovar. The results of study of immunogenicity of the vaccine show that the vaccine is highly immunogenic. It means that after control infection of vaccinated hens none of tested Salmonella strains (S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis) were isolated from any organs, whereas in the control non-vaccinated group of birds both Salmonella test-strains were isolated from all organs. The obtained results provide a basis for further phases of the vaccine estimating followed by its registration in the prescribed manner.
Effect of fluoroquinolones on the male chicken reproductive organs
Authors: Fotina H. A. , Opanasenko Y. M.
Published: January 2020

The using of antibiotics in poultry has some disadvantages. The problem of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is recognized globally and is currently one of the strategic goals worldwide. Fluoroquinolones are an important and large group of synthetic antimicrobials that have great importance in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory poultry diseases of different etiologies. Fluoroquinolones have high bactericidal activity against a number of bacterial pathogens that infect poultry including E. coli, Hebsiell spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococoeus spp. and Chlamydia spp. Enrofloxacin (ENR) is an antimicrobial agent belonging to the group of third-generation fluoroquinolones. ENR has been historically used as veterinary medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in several animal species, including poultrys cursing diseases caused by gram-positive and negative bacteria. Enrofloxacin presents 1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinoli;3-quinoline carboxylic acid. A further synthesis allowed the reaching of active substances of cyclopropyl, as an antibacterial action to get further extension. A crystalline active substance with faint yellow color that was obtained to develop in high purity, is hardly soluble in water at pH 7, but as the molecule contains acidic and basic groups, it is easily dissolved at both alkaline and acid pH. The goal of the work. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sperm of male chicken after the use of enrofloxacin and to identify metabolites. Materials and methods of research. The researches were conducted in the conditions of vivarium clinics of the veterinary faculty and laboratories of the department of epizootology and parasitology of Sumy National Agrarian University. 80 male chickens were placed for research, which were kept in metal cages for 5–6 individuals. The use, care and transportation of birds for toxicological research were with all applicable animal welfare laws. All reasonable steps were taken to avoid or minimize discomfort, distress or pain of birds. Results of research and discussion. The differences between normal motility and defect sperm in control and enrofloxacin treated birds were not founded. Weight of testes, wattles and combs was not affected by drug. Ascorbic acid, total protein, testosterone and cholesterol concentration were similar in control and enrofloxacin treated groups. It is suggested that enrofloxacin at doses used were safe for male chicken. The administration of the drug “Enzin 10%” to the male chicken did not affect the concentration of ascorbic acid in the testicles, total protein and cholesterol. These indicators are actively involved in spermatogenesis. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the drug “Enzin 10%” at therapeutic doses for 10 days had no negative effect on spermatogenesis of the male chicken.
Локативні прислівники в говірках української мови: лексикографічне моделювання
Authors: Ястремська Тетяна
Published: January 2020

W artykule przebadano przysłówki lokatywne, które reprezentują opozycję semantyczną góra – dół. Przedstawiono nowe podejście analizy systemu derywatów w odniesieniu do epidygmatycznego słownika dialektalnego. Interpretacja wybranych przysłówków została oparte na materiale gwar ukraińskich.
Polskie gwarowe nazwy chabra bławatka, Centaurea cyanus L. na tle słowiańskim i europejskim
Authors: Waniakowa Jadwiga
Published: January 2020

W artykule są zaprezentowane polskie gwarowe nazwy chabra bławatka w ujęciu historyczno-porównawczym, zatem na tle nazw słowiańskich i europejskich. Omawiane formy pochodzą z wielu źródeł gwarowych, botanicznych, słowników i atlasów. Nazwy są pogrupowane według ich motywacji semantycznej. Można zaobserwować, że badane formy odnoszą się do różnych cech gatunku. Niekiedy jedna nazwa może być motywowana dwiema cechami rośliny. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza nazw dwuczłonowych, będących zestawieniami. Analiza wskazuje, że większość stanowią nazwy dawne. Formy polskie znajdują paralele formalno semantyczne w językach słowiańskich oraz zbieżne motywacje semantyczne w wielu innych językach europejskich.
Analiza korpusowa czeskiego czasownika postrádat i jego polskich ekwiwalentów
Authors: Kaczmarska Elżbieta , Rosen Alexandr
Published: January 2020

Niniejszy artykuł omawia problem przekładu wieloznacznych czeskich czasowników na język polski; szczegółowej analizie poddany jest czasownik postrádat. Badanie wykonane na podstawie czeskich oryginałów i ich przekładów na język polski ukazuje, iż w zgromadzonym materiale tłumacze najchętniej wybierali czasownik brakować lub leksem brak dla wyrażenia treści zawartej w analizowanym czasowniku. Druga część analizy, wykorzystująca polskie oryginały i ich przekład na język czeski, skłania ku przypuszczeniu, iż istnieje pewna reguła pojawiania się czasownika postrádat jako tłumaczenia. Czasownik ten pojawia się często w przekładzie tekstu zawierającego w języku polskim prefiks bez- lub słowo bez (jeśli jednostka w języku polskim jest wielowyrazowa), np. bezsensowna, bez sensu, bez przekonania.
Към балканските езикови контакти. Произход на няколко български диалектни думи
Authors: Дейкова Христина
Published: January 2020

Przedmiotem omówienia jest uściślenie i skorygowanie etymologii kilku bułgarskich wyrazów dialektalnych, zapożyczonych z języka tureckiego i greckiego. Wyrazy te ilustrują problemy związane z etymologizowaniem pożyczek, które trafi ły do języka bułgarskiego w warunkach bezpośredniego językowego kontaktu z sąsiadującymi językami bałkańskimi. Przedmiotem korekty są objaśnienia wyrazów фотyли i футyл ‘wydrążona kłoda przez którą przepływa woda, używana do pojenia bydła’, футùя i фучùя ‘rodzaj beczki, kadź’ zawarte w bułgarskim słowniku etymologicznym (Bǎlgarski etimologičen rečnik), oraz etymologia wyrazu харàк ‘linijka’ i ‘tyczka podtrzymująca fasolę’ zaproponowana przez M. Filipovą-Bajrovą i Chr. Dzidzilisa.