bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of endoscopic, ultrasound and microbiological examinations in diagnosis of reproductive disorders in mares
Authors: Kosec M. , Mrkun J. , Klobucar I. , Kadunc-Kos V.
Published: October 2011

Endoscopyc examinations were performed on 37 mares of different breeds. All examined mares had reproductive problems. During the examination, the following pathological changes were found: inflammation of endometrium in 19 cases (64.9%), uterus adhesions in 4 cases (10.8%), exudate in uterus lumen in 13 cases (32.4%), thin fibrin exudate in 8 cases (21.6%) and lymphatic cysts in 12 cases (32.4%). In one case adhesions in the cervical wall were found, and in one case there was hair encapsulated in the cervical mucus as a consequence of fetotomy. These changes were found in 2.7% of cases.
Some quality parameters of land snail meat - Helix pomatia
Authors: Tojagic Slobodan , Kevresan Zarko , Jokanovic Marija
Published: October 2011

Considering the tradition in our regions to collect land snails (Helix pomatia) for export, which is "disrupted" by social control resulting in limited possibilities to develop this attractive activity, there is a great interest lately for land snail breeding and fattening at farms. For this reason it is necessary to investigate systematically the possibilities to develop this activity in a longer period and in larger areas. The first investigations, although covering only nutritive and health safety aspects of the edible parts yielded the results presented in this work. Chemical composition, the content of some elements and organochlorine insecticides were followed as unavoidable in human living and environment.
Infertility of the breeding bull in insemination technology
Authors: Predojevic Mirko , Marinkovic Miroslav , Jovicin Milovan , Prka Igor
Published: October 2011

In spite of very strict breeding bull selection, especialy for A.I programes their infertility is a very serius problem in everyday practice. Especially bull semen has been marked as the main factor for unsatisfied cow fertility in the A.I.programme. The reason could be the bull semen which really may play as the spreading factor of the specific or non-specific reproductive infective disoders ? IBR, IPV, BVD, Campylobacter-Vibrio fetus, brucellosis leptospirosis, tuberculosis and other reproductive diseases. Secondarily, the percentage of vitality, motility, penetration abilities, and immonological properties of bull spermatozoa also have an important role in unsuccessful bovine fecundation. That is, why it is necessary to secure professional health care for breedig bull in AI centres, becase only healthy bulls can ensure good bovine genetic transmission and progress in cattle production for today's growing population.
Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells of rats treated with toluene
Authors: Fister Svetlana , Jovic Slavoljub , Stevanovic Jelka , Kovacevic-Filipovic Milica
Published: October 2011

The paper presents the results of investigations of the effect of toluene on bone marrow cells of female Wistar rats treated intraperitoneally with toluene for 8 or 11 days, in doses of 0.602 ?g/200 g body mass. Cytogenetic analyses were performed on the metaphase figure of chromosomes in order to determine the frequency of structural aberrations ? breaks and gaps. The values of the mitotic index and number of poliploid cells were determined. No significant increase was determined in the frequency of breaks and gaps in chromosomes of treated animals in comparison with the controls, which means that, under the experimental conditions, toluene did not exhibit a definite genotoxic effect. However, it has been determined that there was a significant increase in the value of the mitotic index, as well as a significant increase in the number of poliploid cells in both groups of treated rats in comparison with controls.
Determination of specific antibodies titre to salmonella enteritidis by elisa technique in several selected flocks of laying hens
Authors: Velhner Maja , Orlic Dusan , Potkonjak Dubravka , Kapetanov Milos , Lazic Sava
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the antibody titre to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) was examined by the ELISA method in two flocks of laying hens, where during routine bacteriological investigations Salmonellae was never isolated, and in one flock where Colysepticemia was diagnosed and Salmonella isolated accidentally. In the flocks were Salmonellae were not isolated, a titre with a high level of specific antibodies to SE was discovered (15 and 45%), while the flock with accidental findings of SE was poorly positive (5%). These results point to the necessity of introducing serological monitoring to SE so that the infection of salmonella may be discovered early and the prevalence in the flock determined, and also for the purpose of applying adequate measures that could reduce the possibility of secretion of SE through eggs.
Efficiency of zeolite basis preparation in fattening Lamb diets
Authors: Stojkovic Jovan , Sinovec Zlatan , Adamovic Milan , Tomasevic-Canovic Magdalena , Dakovic Aleksandra , Adamovic Ognjen
Published: October 2011

The paper presents results of investigations of the effect of a preparation based on natural zeolite on production results of fattening lambs. The experiment was performed on two groups of lamps (control ? K and experimental ? O), 15 animals per group, and for a duration of 90 days. The diet ration consisted of sheeps? milk, a compound mix for fattening lambs, and meadow hay. Lambs of the experimental group, contrary to those of the control group were administered preparations based on natural zeolite. The preparation Min-a-Zel? S (in the form of 25% suspension) was administered to lambs from birth until the 14th day of life, directly into the mouth, once daily (before the morning meal), 10 ml each. Min-a-Zel Plus was administered starting from the 15th day by adding it to the fodder mix (0.5%). Feeding was ad libitum. The average body mass of lambs at the end of the experiment, according to the sequence of treatments (K:O), was 24.40:26.94 kg (P<0.01). The daily groth of the lambs, during the course of the experiment, was 229:256 g, and was 27 g or 11.79% higher (P<0.01) in the experimental group. The experimental group had better utilization of dry matter, proteins and energy, which indicates that the use of a preparation based on natural zeolite in the diet of fattening lambs is justified.
Detection of levels of zinc, iron, copper, trace elements and lead, cadmium in sheep grown in Trakya, a part of Marmara region in Turkey
Authors: Or M.E. , Kayar A. , Kiziler A.R. , Parkan C. , Gonul R. , Uysal A. , Dodurka H.T. , Barutcu U.B.
Published: October 2011

This study realised in Trakya, a part of Marmara Region which is one of the seven different regions in Turkey, is aimed to detect the levels of trace elements as copper, iron, zinc and cadmium and lead in the organism in order to obtain more efficient economical results and healthier sheep breeds. At the beginning, Trakya Region was divided into 5 different districts and 30-50 sheep were chosen from each district and a total of 200 sheep were used in this study. Serum analyses showed a few decreases in the iron levels in the 2nd and 4th districts and the lowest zinc level was found in the 1st district. While the lowest copper level existed in the 3rd district, the highest lead level in the 2nd district, and finally the highest cadmium level was in the 5th district. As a result, we found that it is necessary to add these trace elements in the diet of the animals and considerable attachments of trace elements with lead and cadmium in order to apply an efficient prophylactic and therapeutic program. Also, the necessity of a similar study for the water, plant and soil samples in the region and the detection of correlation between them are revealed.
Ascertainment of aurin ear drops antimicrobial and healing effect in dog otitis
Authors: Borisov Ivan , Koleva Mariana , Rachkova Katya , Popova Vera
Published: October 2011

Microbiological and clinical examinations have been made, related to the effect of Aurin ear drops - the solution "Primavet - Sofia" on dogs with acute and chronic conditions of external and media otitis. The pharmaceutical compatibility of the active substances and solution stability were examined. The inhibitory effects in vitro of Acidum boricum, Acidwn salicylicum Ethanolum and Aurin - solution on laboratory referents and clinically isolated strains of microorganisms were studied. The dosage and manner of application were specified and was considered the effect on different clinical forms of otitis were specified. In the course of the one-year examination period, it was ascertained that Aurin-solution possesses the necessary stability. The active Aurin-solution substances (Acidum boricum Acidum salicylicum, Novocainum) secure optimal composition of supporting substances, and high inhibitory activity in vitro on microbial strains in the examined agents of dog otitis. A dosage of 10 to 20 drops and touching the earconch with 5-10 drops twice a day, in the course of 5-7 days, has local antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimycotic and pain soothing effects. The healing effect of Aurin is due to selective antibacterial and antimycotic effects of the active substances used. The effectiveness against otitis is due to synergism of the effects of active and supporting substances. The obtained clinical results present grounds for recommending Aurin - ear drops as an effective method of healing dog otitis.
Organoleptic properties of Lamb meat: Factor of quality
Authors: Ivanovic Snezana , Lilic Slobodan , Zujovic Miroslav , Pavlovic Ivan
Published: October 2011

Organoleptic propertyies of thermally processed lamb meat of mixed breed lambs of the mixed Svrljig strain and Domestic Pramenka, and Merinolandschaf sheep, and meat of the Wuerttemberg Merino lambs. Sensory methods of meat examination were used, with the participation of six trained evaluators. The results of the investigations in which numerical-descriptive scales were used are presented in tables. A salty, sour and bitter taste were expressed in a very small degree in both groups of samples. A sweet taste, although of low intensity, significantly differed among the examined groups. No differences were established regarding juiciness and tenderness, but statistically significant differences were established in aftertaste and overall acceptibility in favor of meat of the first group of lambs.
Natural antibacterial characteristics of honey
Authors: Pesic-Mikulec Dragana , Dugalic-Vrndic Nada , Baltic Milan
Published: October 2011

Honey was used as a medicine in traditional medicine of the Ancient Times ever since the age of Hippocrates. Scientifically based investigations of the medicinal qualities of honey date back to the 19th century. There have been constant polemics, about the medicinal characteristics of honey and parameters that cause them, among scientists and apiculture experts. In this paper, we processed much data from literature, which indicate the antibacterial characteristics of honey through the experimental results that have been presented. The factors which lead to honey possessing these characteristics are: somotic effect, acidity, effect of hydrogen peroxide and others. The priority in today?s investigations is to prove the effects and safety of using honey as an alternative to conventional forms of treatment of skin diseases, gastro-intestinal infections in the area of medicine, and the treatment of mastitis and wounds in the area of veterinary medicine.
Modern notion of time notion of history: About the basis of Heideggers' discussion with Hegel
Authors: Perovic Milenko
Published: October 2011

In the text, the author analyses Heidegger's critique of Hegel's notions of time and history, reaching the conclusion that the weak points of that critique are contained in the fact that it did not take into account Hegel's idea of the phenomenology of time.
Haptika - estetika i njena krajnja mogucnost
Authors: Uzelac Milan
Published: October 2011

(francuski) En s'appuyant sur des r?sultats des recherches esth?tiques dans les deux derniers si?cles, ainsi que sur l'?tat des sciences fondamentales ? la fin du XXe si?cle, l'auteur pose que toutes les tentatives actuelles de la foundation de l'esth?tique se basent sur l'exp?rience de la vue et de l'ou?e les deux fondements "sup?rieurs" de la sensation et que c'est dans la p?riode de notre temps "post-moderne" qu'appara?t de plus en plus express?ment le besoin de fonder une nouvelle science, qui tiendrait compte des couches "inf?rieures": il s'agit de la science bas?e sur le toucher. Nous nous trouvons en pr?sence de la logique du toucher. Le toucher, c'est le minimum minimorum de la prise de conscience des aptitudes et la base de la formation de la conscience. C'est au niveau du toucher qu'est form?e la premi?re exp?rience d'autrui et du monde; c'est l? qu'est form?e l'exp?rience de tout monde cr??, y compris l'art, qui est le premier au sens logique, aussi bien qu'au celui du temporel. L'homme acquiert ses premi?res exp?riences sur lui-m?me gr?ce au toucher et c'est pourquoi la science du tangible doit ?tre la science la plus authentique sur le savoir sensoriel est le premier art par lequel elle se confirme, c'est la sculpture; tout ce qu'est post?rieur ? elle - l'esth?tique et la science - d'autant plus s?r et plus exigeant - il est d'autant plus incertain. Tout cela ne sert qu'? affirmer la constatation que nous vivons dans une ?poque o? toute suffisance est insuffisante et o? toute certitude est incertaine; et que c'est en vain que nous essayons de justifier l'existence de quelques unions soutenables des ombres, tendis que des ?tres r?els vont s'?loignant, en devenant de moins en moins perceptibles.
Metafizika Vitgenstajovog Tractatusa
Authors: Todorovic Milos
Published: October 2011

(nemacki) Diese Studie hat die grundliegenden S?tzen in der fr?hen Schrift Wittgensteins Tractatus logico-philospohicus zum Gegenstand. Sie hat sich ein dreifaches Ziel gesetzt: a) diese S?tze zu analysieren und zu erkl?ren b) die metaphysischen Elemente in ihnen zu enth?llen, welche sowohl mit diesen Gr?nden des Tractatus' in inneren Widerspruch Probleme vorzudringen welche durch seine S?tzen mitgebracht werden, wie auch in die Tiefe ihrer Eingriffe hineinzuschauen; c) die Stellung des Tractatus' in der Geschichte der Philosophie als einer der Gestalten des W?hrens des neuzeitlichen Subjektivismus' in seinem geschichtlichen Ende zu dechiffrieren.
Ontological-gnoseological aspects of Plato's account of Good
Authors: Koprivica Caslav
Published: October 2011

This article tries to offer a specific interpretation of the meaning of Plato's account of the highest (ontological) principle of reality as Good in the new century and after the final separation of ethics from ontology that is being and validity, this must represent a significant challenge for the interpreters. It is pointed out that in Plato, Good does not have an ethical meaning - like in the meaning characteristic for the concept which divides philosophy into individual, independent disciplines; Good in general represents a transcendental determination of being (together with the one and truthful). The final basis for such interpretation of the principle of being and reality lies in the philosophical theodicy, according to which world was created as meaningful, ordered and thus good. The assumption implied in such arrangement of the world is the intelligibility of reality from which there also follows that the being is in essence constant and regular, as well as that the comprehension of such a being is possible. Consequently, that is expressed in Plato's premise that Good determines ideas both in their beingness and in their comprehensibility.
Sociology and constructivist perspective: Sociological theory and constructivist meta-theory
Authors: Marinkovic Dusan
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the author considers relation between sociology and constructivist perspective, which is one of the most current approaches in social science. Even though social constructivism offered significant alternative to contemporary sociology: opposite in the to the traditional paradigms, it is not a homogeneous meta-theory yet. In that respect the author concludes that social constructivism appeared in the period when traditional heritage of science is endanger with various discourses of reality; men, knowledge, science, and truth, and on the other hand, with the interior theoretical and epistemological and methodological discrepancy.
The role of leadership in organizational behavior
Authors: Mojic Dusan
Published: October 2011

This paper deals with defining leadership as one of the basic determinants of behavior in organizations. It points to the increasing importance of the discipline of organizational behavior (OB), which is devoted, as an interdisciplinary field of study, to better understanding and managing human side of the work. Three basic levels of analysis in OB are individual, group and organizational level. Leadership represents the key variable of organizational behavior, which is predominantly determined by personal individuals' traits and characteristics of the environment. Definition of the leadership from the project GLOBE was accepted, claiming that it is "the ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members". In second part of the paper, very influential theoretical differentiation between managers and leaders (and, of course between management and leadership) has been analyzed. According to this standing point, it is emphasized how good manager brings certain degree of predictability and order in organization, while successful leader initiates change, often to dramatic proportions. Nevertheless, overemphasizing the differences between them is often inappropriate, because concepts of leader and manager in above-mentioned sense represent more "ideal types" that almost never exist in reality in its "pure" forms. Last part of the text discusses the role of leadership in organizational transformation (OT). Very frequently assertion that key moment of OT is changing the culture of organization is cited and the role of leadership in three main phases of transformation is analyzed: "unfreezing", moving and "refreezing".
Education of teachers and educators for the challenges related to the globalization of civilizational risks
Authors: Miskovic Milan
Published: October 2011

The paper makes an attempt to formulate the theoretical framework for a more fruitful cooperation between social sciences, specially the cooperation between pedagogy, psychology, sociology, social ecology and political sciences. Special attention is paid to the comprehension of the process including the globalization of civilizational risks with contradictions related to the growing-up of children and teenagers in a contemporary society; it also pays attention to new challenges facing education of teachers and educators in these conditions. This analysis of the global framework discusses significant goals necessary to educate teachers and educators in this spirit of the world.
Public-law aspects of the concentration of subjects in the market
Authors: Taborosi Svetislav , Jovanic Tatjana
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the authors discuss the public-law aspects and institutional arrangements related to the tendency for concentration and centralization as objectively existing processes and circumstances in liberally organized markets. Since this creates individual legal subjects which with their activities could endanger the proclaimed market liberties and the right for competition, there is a public interest to set public-law limitations for such subjects. In that sense, the paper discusses those (vertical and horizontal) contracts between companies which enable the creation of monopolies like in the case of concerns, trusts, cartels and their various conglomerates, including those which surpass national boundaries and function as multinational corporations.
On the future of local communities in rural areas
Authors: Malesevic Krstan
Published: October 2011

When discussing the future of rural areas for rural sociology (which aims at developing a holistic approach), the most important issue is certainly the question of fate of local communities in rural areas. Reviewing the enormous literature on countryside and agriculture, one can notice an overwhelming dominance of articles that focus on the agrarian and economic policy, often written fairly in the form of agro-economic reductionism. The totality of human life in rural communities is often lost in the fragmentary analysis of individual scientific disciplines. That is why there is a lack of knowledge on the meaning and content of (new) rurality, rural relationships, rural values, rural communities, rural ways of life and on integral rural development in conceptual-theoretical as well as in practical-empirical sense. This problem, understandably, affects different aspects of the complex phenomenon of "rurality" in our situation. However, regardless of the evident insufficiency of synthetic knowledge about our countryside as a social community, it is clearly evident that rural areas are in deep crisis. Local communities in the majority of our rural areas are completely marginalised. Great number of these communities are in the process of disintegration and disappearance. They have lost a "spirit of time" and identity and have not acquired a new one. Furthermore, in some rural areas local communities have literally vanished. In other words, it is difficult to find in our society any active rural communities with a clear future prospects. That is why the crucial question for social theory as well as for social practice is: Which are the economic, demographic, technological and especially socio-cultural prerequisites of renewal and development of local communities in the near future? Without their revitalisation there is no development of rural areas and vice versa. In the focus of this renewal there should be an adequate spatial, functional, organic and emotional connection of people living there. In other words, their participation and their self-identification with these communities is a key prerequisite. Although the renewal of our rural communities is an extremely difficult task, filled with many dilemmas, inconsistencies and objective contradictions, it is not unresolvable, at least for one type of these communities. With the well-thought strategy of planning and management of rural development, these processes can be accelerated and channelled in the desired direction. This paper discusses some possible solutions and gives more concrete propositions in relation to this problem.
Customs and language as the followers of development: Among the Serbs
Authors: Barjaktarovic Mirko
Published: October 2011

The text discusses the way in which customs (as specific activities expected to help people's activities) could be surpassed and could disappear in the course od cultural development. They could also be prohibited, and the new ones could also appear or be imposed. For instance: the dodolas, girls decorated with plants who dance and sing occasional songs in a procession during the drought, they go through the settlements to invoke rain. When there is enough water for the watering of crops or people grow plants which do not require much moisture, then there is no need for such a custom. It is similar, but also in a way different, with language. In it, previous specificities are kept better and new language notions are accepted faster. In recent times, we have been hearing the expression "do daske" ("full blast") when somebody does a certain job fully, till the end. This expression has recently appeared in use and it originated from motor vehicles; they have a specific pedal which, when pressed fully, gives the vehicle the greatest traction power.
Grigorije Bozovic in our national culture: An essay on the significance of Grigorije Bozovic's publicistic and literary work for the scientific study of our nation and national life
Authors: Miljkovic Aleksandar
Published: October 2011

This essay discusses Grigorije Bozovic's literary and publicistic work and the degree to which it offers factography for anthropogeographical anthropological (that is, related to racial features), ethnographic ethnopsychological, sociological and characterological studies of our nation living in the regions discussed in his literary and publicistic works. The author particularly analyses his traveller's reports Sa sedla i samara (From the Saddle and Pack-Saddle), Crte i reze (Lines and Bars), Po Drenici (In Drenica) and others; it also analyses the short stories published in Srpska Knjizevna Zadruga (Serbian Literary Cooperative) (Rodjak / A Relative) and in the collections with the titles Roblje Zarobljeno (Captured Slaves) and Neizmisljeni Likovi (Nonfictional Characters). On the basis of the reviews and analyses of Grigorije Bozovic's publicistic and literary works in this essay, one could make a conclusion that they represent a significant scientific material and more than just that, the material relevant for the study of our and other nations in these Balkan regions.
"Teodorica" and women ball in Novi Sad
Authors: Ivic Danka
Published: October 2011

"Teodorica" and women ball are social customs (with preserved old ritual elements) od Serbian rural women in Novi Sad. They have both entertaining and magic character, where the latter seems slightly more expressed. As single pre-Christian customs (as the author suspects), they have undergone various changes, some of which are noted in this study. Both "Teodorica" and women ball had survived in Novi Sad until the Sixties, when they were replaced by a "new female holiday - the 8th of March. The saying that "Teodorica is particularly merry when it falls on the 8th of March" belongs to the times when the memories of "Teodorica" were still fresh. However they no longer are.
Social-demographic features and dimensions of urban culture: The example of Subotica
Authors: Dulic Jasminka
Published: October 2011

The aims of the research were (1) to find out whether different value orientations, subcultural patterns, and social alienation, contribute to political involvement, attitude toward local government and perception of quality of communal life, and (2) to assess the extent and nature of differences in expressing dimensions of political involvement, value orientations, cultural patterns and social alienation among the groups of subjects formed according to gender, age, education, migratory status and ethnicity. The sample consisted of 393 nature citizens in Subotica of different gender, age, school level and nationality. Factor, regression and canonical discriminant analysis were performed in data analysis. Three dimensions of political involvement were extracted by factor analysis urban-communal involvement, general political involvement and party involvement. Regression analysis showed that there is one value orientation common to all three dimensions of political involvement that is, "social involvement and demand for preserving cultural (national) identity." Canonical discriminant analysis yielded 8 significant functions whose structures were defined at least by one dimension of political involvement but integral political involvement which encompasses readiness to participate in urban planning, was not found.
Historical meaning of party socialism and the logic of failure in planned economy
Authors: Ivata Masajuki
Published: October 2011

The paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses the socialist thought and practice, the second the theory of crisis in the economy with centralized planning, and at the end the author analyses the role of dollar black market in the planned economy in Poland. The first part has the following structure: Four methodological fields of research Socio-experimental cycles; Consumed legitimacy; Anorganic dictatorship versus the organic dictatorship; MPC triangle (market - plan - compromise) as the 20th century heritage. The second part investigates the conditions for the balance in planned economy, functional and non-functional processes in planned economy and finally the failure of planned economy. The third part discusses the issue of the relation between the black market course of dollar and the balance levels of domestic (in this case - Polish) planned prices.
John Stuart Mill, labour issue and the problem of socialism
Authors: Djurkovic Misa
Published: October 2011

The topic of this article is the analysis of Mill's attitude to socialism The author starts from the contemporary libertarian dogma about Mill as the spoiler of liberalism who supposedly turned this ideology towards socialist trends. The detailed and taxonomic analysis based on Mill's Principles of Political Economy and Chapters on Socialism shows that this theory in not correct; that the opposite is true - Mill actually, as the first serious critic of socialism, set all the relevant arguments which the liberal theory would later use to challenge this rival ideology. The emphasis is placed on the problems of redistribution and extension of the right to vote, but the author also tackles the issues of corporations, protectionism and tax policy.
On (post)modern economy and (non)freedom
Authors: Malesevic Krstan
Published: October 2011

The (post)modern economy finds itself undoubtedly in the center of a large scale, deeply contradictory and uncertain current transformation of the world. Together with the (post)modern technologies, it composes the dominant core of the globalizing processes, often referred to as globalization. The key features and especially the accumulated consequences of these processes pose a challenge for scientific and theoretical thought in the form of essential questions and dilemmas which are in the last instance tied to the impact of globalization on the quality and meaning of human life. This problem relates as much to individuals as it does to different social groups and human communities, that is to the entire humanity as such. This paper attempts to problematic these contradictory relationships between global corporative economy as an instrumental value and the human liberty as a substantive that is the highest value in itself (summum bonum), which gives meaning and dignity to human life. Therefore, if economy in one form or another covers most of human practical activity, then it is certain that it can have a decisive impact on the most fundamental value of human life, that is the value of freedom (individual, general; internal and external). Of course, the spectrum of economy can act either way - as an encouragement or as often happens, as a deterrent to expansion of human freedom. This paper aims to briefly indicate some causes, characteristics and consequences of global economic processes which, as it seems paradoxically, contribute more to narrowing than to widening room for human liberty, or they simply generate proliferation of "hedonism of non-freedom". Is this another case of "surplus of knowledge" and "deficit of wisdom" that so strongly characterizes our time or something else?.
Legal ethics in a legislative process
Authors: Maksimovic Eva
Published: October 2011

Mutual relatedness of law and morality appears at three levels of legal order (legislature, application of law and interpretation of law); since law and morality have a common origin and common goal, every legislative decision at the same time represents a political decision, and thus the realization of the goals of social policy. Arguments for making legislative decisions always have an ethical pretext, although the very notion of morality changed in time. Ethical arguments could be sensu stricte also ethically relevant, which was noticed by numerous theoreticians. For several years, there has been a theoretical discourse about that issue among sociologists, philosophers of morality and, above all, legal theoreticians. In that discourse, moral arguments surpass all other reasons, although the principles of differentiation of legal and moral norms are more or less agreed upon. Another controversial issue is if, and to which degree, it is possible and permissible to pass moral laws analogically to classical legislature. People also talk about "moral legislature" which reflects the specificity of the relation between law and morality in the legislative process. It is a general conclusion that the rational legislator in the legislating process has to start from the principles of law as a moral minimum.
The Serbs in Croatia before and after the break-up of Yugoslavia
Authors: Ilic Jovan
Published: October 2011

The Serbs are first mentioned in the west part of the Balkan peninsula in 822. They populated the regions east of the river Cetina, mountain Pljesevica and the area between the rivers Una and Kupa. It means that the significant part of the present Republic of Croatia had been populated by the Serbs since the settlement of the Slavs. The main regions mostly populated by the Serbs were north-west Dalmatia, the larger part of Lika and Kordun, Banija, west Slavonia and smaller sections in east Slavonia, west Srem and Baranya. Social-political circumstances for the life of the Serbs in Croatia were mostly very unfavorable. Extremely unfavourable circumstances were during World War II in The Independent State of Croatia, when the Croatian ustasha fighters carried out an extensive, systematic, comprehensive and bestial genocide, that is ethnocide over the Serbs. The second genocide, that is ethnocide over the Serbs in Croatia was carried out in the civil ethnic-religious war 1991-1995, specially in 1995. In these years, the nationalist- chauvinist, antiserbian movement and war suddenly flared up in Croatia. The Serbs living there were forced to defend, so on December 19 1991 they proclaimed The Republic of Srpska Krajina. However, the Croatian armed forces were military stronger. The Serbs were defeated and punished by the total destruction of their property and mass expulsion. In that cruel civil-ethnic war, about 276.000 Serbs were expelled from Croatia, several thousand of them were killed. About 40.000 Serbian houses were destroyed and 380 Serbian villages were burnt. Hundreds of Serbian-Orthodox religious edifices were burnt or destroyed. The value of the destroyed or plundered Serbian property in Croatia was estimated at about 30 billion euros. According to the official Croatian data, in the last several years about 60.000 Serbs-refugees returned from Serbia to their native land, mostly older persons or those who returned to sell their property and leave Croatia again. About 40.000 of them went to live abroad. However, the Serbs-returnees still live in very difficult conditions, discriminated in all segments of life primarily when it comes to employment.
Islam-osmanli state law in Serbia
Authors: Jevtic Miroljub
Published: October 2011

Every state functions through its legal order and that legal order shows the nature of every state. From that point of view, the nature of the state and the authority which functioned in the regions of the Serbian lands from the moment of the Osmanli conquests till the end of that rule was best reflected through the law which regulated social relations. If one views the state which ruled in the regions of the Serbian lands in that way, one can clearly state that it, in its nature, had the basic goal to realize Islamic doctrine. All legal acts which the administration in Constantinople passed to ensure its normal functioning had the Islamic character. As most of these acts had been created long before the birth of the Osmanli state, they cannot be called Osmanli, because they were not such by their origin or their essence. It is specially important that their intention was not to maintain the Turkish national idea, as it could be concluded from a large number of historical syntheses which discuss that part of our history, but the triumph of Islam. Therefore, it is most correct to call that law Islamic-Osmanli law because its largest part had been created before the appearance of the Osmanli state and had as a goal the triumph of Islam; it is an Osmanli law because it was implemented in the territories ruled by the Osmanli dynasty.
Education of students of Islamic community from the socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia abroad
Authors: Novakovic Dragan
Published: October 2011

(ruski) Uspesno stabiliziruja srazu posle Vtoroj mirovoj vojny otnosenija s organami novoj vlasti, Islamskoe sodruzestvo nacalo neuderzimyj process intensifikacii religioznoj zizni vo vseh sektorah. Procnoe opredelenie togdasnego Ygoslavskogo gosudarstva svjazat' svoy sud'bu s Dvizeniem neprisoedinivsihsja, k kotoromu massovo prisoedinjalis' arabskie i drugie islamskie gosudarstva, davalo nadeznuy vozmoznost' dlja obucenija samyh odarennyh molodyh storonnikov Islamskogo sodruzestva v samyh izvestnyh islamskih universitetah. Nacal'nye mehanizmy kontrolja, ustanovlennye gosudarstvennymi i religioznymi organami, postojanno oslabevali, takim obrazom ot?ezd za granicu prinimaet stihijnyj harakter. V svjazi s tem, cto otkrytie islamskogo teologiceskogo fakul'teta v Saraevo ne smoglo ostanovit' i ogranicit' eti processy, sootvetstvuyscie gosudarstvennye organy nacinayt s bol'sim vnimaniem sledit' za etimi dvizenijami s cel'y predotvratit' vnesenie fundamentalistskih i drugih idejno-nepriemlemyh polozenij. Posto?nnoe oslabevanie gosudarstva, ego postepennoe razorenie vnutrennimi protiverecijami dalo vozmoznost' "novym silam" postepenno vz?t? kontrol? nad religioznym sodruzestvom kak nad odnim celom i nacat' process navjazyvanija novyh cennostej i obrazcov povedenija po standartam, sozdannym v mezdunarodnyh islamskih organizacijah, kotorye byli sformirovany special?no dlja rasprostraneni? etoj religii v mirovom masstabe.
Russia and integrations in post-Soviet area
Authors: Milosevic Zoran
Published: October 2011

The paper presents the results of the empirical researches of public opinion in Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan about the creation of the new state community ("Slavic Alliance"), that is the creation of the "common economic area". The analysis of the acquired results reveals a certain feeling of self-sufficiency among the inhabitants of Russia who were not ready for new integrations, but also the existence of the dilemma with whom to integrate. Among the inhabitants of Byelorussia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan three variants were obtained: the first - with Russia, the second - with the European Union, and the third option advocates non-integrated behaviour, that is maintenance of state independence.
Challenges of population decline
Authors: Djurdjev Branislav
Published: October 2011

The paper points out advantages and limitations of contemporary age-structural transition. Age-structural transition may create favorable conditions for fulfillment of millennium development goals, However, it cannot create sustainable demographic development and remove danger of extinction of some nations. The only remedy is family planning program and huge financial resources that will support it for a long period of time.
Some characteristics of the development of the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Bugarin Radislav , Marinic Ivo
Published: October 2011

The following basic tendencies were noticed in the development of the population of Vojvodina: decrease in the birthrate, increase in the mortality rate and decline of the total number of the population living in the territory of Vojvodina. Migrations abroad (first to find jobs, and later due to unfavourable events in the country and war disturbances) were more pronounced, and then a strong immigrational wave from the former Yugoslav republics to Vojvodina. The paper analyzes the results of the population census from 2002 in relation to the former 1991 census, combining them with the facts about the vital statistics and the facts from the records concerning the applications for permanent residence and emigration of citizens. The strongest factor which influenced the results of the census was contained in the negative natural increase and in the higher number of the inhabitants of Vojvodina leaving to work and stay abroad. Such a situation was to a certain degree changed after the arrival of the refugee population and foreigners who work and reside in Vojvodina.
Migrational characteristics of the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Marinic Ivo , Bugarin Radislav
Published: October 2011

The paper discusses the migrational characteristics of the population of Vojvodina according to the results of the 2002 census. It analyzes the data about the immigrated population of Vojvodina according to the region from which the population came and according to the time of settlement. The results are compared with the data from other regions of The Republic of Serbia in order to achieve a qualitative evaluation of the process, specially at the time of intensive migrations. The paper analyzes the causes leading to specific migrational tendencies in the area of Vojvodina and points out to the economic and social implications of the realized migrational trends in the preceding period, as well as to the tendencies for their changes in the following period.
Migrations in Vojvodina during the 1990s: More immigrants, less emigrants
Authors: Penev Goran
Published: October 2011

The results of the 2002 census deepened our insights into a very intensive immigration of the population into Vojvodina, primarily refugees. At the same time, there also occurred significant emigration movements which still had a much weaker intensity than the immigrational ones. The census statistics only partly included emigration, so the paper used indirect methods to acquire as comprehensive estimate as possible about the scope and character of the emigration of the Vojvodina population in the inter-census period 1991-2002. The results of the estimates indicate that in the period the total net emigration was 73 thousand inhabitants, which is 4 thousand persons less than in the preceding inter-census period. At the same time the net immigration was increased for about 3,5 times (from 62 thousand to 213 thousand). The paper points out to the basic characteristics of the emigration (local, inter-municipal, external). Special attention was paid to the regional aspect of migrations (net immigration, net emigration and migration score) in order to determine if there was a close interdependence between the number of the immigrated and emigrated persons in the municipalities. The paper also analyzed the influence of migrations on the process of demographic ageing and change in the national structure of the population.
Research on the relations between the number of apartments and the number of households and persons living in them in the autonomous province of vojvodina, according to the 2002 census
Authors: Jovanovic Sonja , Lukic Jelena
Published: October 2011

The goal of this paper is to investigate the relations existing between the total number of apartments and the number of apartments in which one, two three or more households live, as well as the relations existing between the total number of apartments and the number of apartments in which 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7 or more persons live. Since these relations are linear, the analyses were carried out with the coefficient of the simple linear correlation and the coefficient of the simple linear determination. Furthermore, the paper investigated the relations existing between the size of apartments and the number of apartments in which one, two, three or more households live, as well as the relations existing between the size of apartments and the number of apartments in which 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more persons live. Since these relations are nonlinear, the analyses were carried out with the index of the simple nonlinear correlation and the index of the simple nonlinear determination.
Cartographic form of comparison of demographic indicators in Vojvodina
Authors: Zivkovic Dragica , Janic-Siridzanski Marina , Jovanovic Jasminka
Published: October 2011

Demographic characteristics of a specific geospace represent its most dynamic part and one of the basic goals of the research in the geographic science. The cartographic method, as a part of the system of methods in the geographic science, is very important in the research concerning quantitative parameters of the population (the number of inhabitants, population density), the structure (contingents), dynamics (structural changes), natural trends and migrations. The complexity of the application of the cartographic method could be exemplified in the following phases: 1. Spatial distribution of the population in the specific spatial units, 2. Temporal changeability of the cartographic facts (fixing the temporal determination, change of demographic indicators in a specific temporal system) The development of science and informatics led to the application of metricity in the process of cartography and interpretation of the thematic content of a chart. Demographic indicators are presented as numeric series, which graphically could be represented in the three aspects of semio-proportional cartography: the differentiated, the comparative and the unified one. These three aspects would be applied for the numerical data of demographic indicators of the population of Vojvodina (according to different census years and counties). The differentiated aspect of semio-proportions would show the changes in the number of inhabitants according to the census years in relation to the year 1953, the comparative aspect would compare the number of inhabitants, areas and population density in 1981 and 2002, and the unified aspect would show the number of the employed in different branches of business in 1991 and 2002. Presentation of numerical data as graphic indicators enables a faster and easier observation of changes in the demographic indicators in Vojvodina, as well as perception of regularities in further trends.
Changes in the population trends in the town of Novi Sad in the period between two censuses
Authors: Stojsin Snezana
Published: October 2011

According to the 2002 census, Novi Sad, the capital of The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina has 299.294 inhabitants, including the suburban settlements, which makes 14,7% of the total population of Vojvodina. The Town of Novi Sad includes two urban municipalities: Novi Sad and Petrovaradin that is fifteen settlements. The goal of this paper is to point to the changes in the population trends in the suburban settlements and Novi Sad which occurred in the period between the censuses 1991 and 2002. In the mentioned period, the number of inhabitants increased in all settlements except Kisac, where on the average there were 34,4 inhabitants less every year. The population of Novi Sad and Veternik increased most. The basic question to be asked is: was the growth in the number of inhabitants caused by the positive natural increase or was due to the immigrated population.