bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty Amines Embedded Carbon Membranes with Aligned Nanochannels Network: A Device with Extremely High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency toward Solar Energy Harvesting and Storage
Authors: Ye Xingyun , Tian Zhuoyue , Cao Xiaoyin , Fan Yukang , Zhou Peilei , Wang Chengjun , Li Jiyan , Sun Hanxue , Zhu Zhaoqi , Liang Weidong , Li An
Published: December 2021

The development of phase change materials (PCMs) composites with high light‐to‐thermal energy conversion efficiency is of great importance for solar energy storage. Herein, the preparation of novel PCMs composites by incorporation of fatty amines (FAs) into the carbon membranes (CMs) with aligned nanochannels network is first reported, which is obtained by employing an anodic alumina oxidation membrane as sacrificing template and using polypyrrole and asphalt as carbon precursor via a simple carbonization treatment. The carbonized membranes possess abundant porosity and aligned nanochannels, which is beneficial to harvest solar light combined with their carbon in nature. In addition, organic PCMs, i.e. 1‐Hexadecanamine (HDA, ΔH = 311.1 kJ/kg) and 1‐Aminoheptadecane (AHD, ΔH = 293.0 kJ/kg) can be spontaneously loaded into the nanochannels of CMs by the capillary action and surface tension. The fabricated FAs/CMs composites present an enhanced thermal conductivity ranging from 0.291 to 0.525 W m−1 K−1. Compared to pure FAs, the thermal conductivities of the PCMs composites are 144.8–357.1% higher than that of the control. Meanwhile, the as‐synthesized FAs/CMs composites also exhibit a remarkable high photothermal energy storage efficiency of up to 93.8%, which is one of the highest values reported to date, making them promising candidates for a broad range of applications in solar energy harvesting, conversion, and storage.
Adapting conditional simulation using circulant embedding for irregularly spaced spatial data
Authors: Bailey Maggie D. , Bandyopadhyay Soutir , Nychka Douglas
Published: December 2021

Computing an ensemble of random fields using conditional simulation is an ideal method for retrieving accurate estimates of a field conditioned on available data and for quantifying the uncertainty of these realizations. Methods for generating random realizations, however, are computationally demanding, especially when the estimates are conditioned on numerous observed data and for large domains. In this article, a new, approximate conditional simulation approach is applied that builds on circulant embedding (CE), a fast method for simulating stationary Gaussian processes. The standard CE is restricted to simulating stationary Gaussian processes (possibly anisotropic) on regularly spaced grids. In this work, we explore two possible algorithms, namely, local Kriging and approximate grid embedding, that extend CE for irregularly spaced data points. We establish the accuracy of these methods to be suitable for practical inference and the speedup in computation allows for generating conditional fields close to an interactive time frame. The methods are motivated by the U.S. Geological Survey's software ShakeMap, which provides near real‐time maps of shaking intensity after the occurrence of a significant earthquake. An example for the 2019 event in Ridgecrest, California, is used to illustrate our method.
Shear force demand for headed stud of composite plate shear walls‐concrete encased under cyclic loading
Authors: Wang Huafei , Gu Qiang , Qi Yi
Published: December 2021

In composite plate shear walls‐concrete encased (C‐PSW/CE), the headed studs are used to anchor concrete panels on both sides of the infill steel plate and make them resist lateral load together. The finite element models of C‐PSW/CE are developed and validated by testing three C‐PSW/CE specimens under cyclic loading. The responses of the components in C‐PSW/CE under cyclic loading are simulated by finite element method. The effects of the number of headed studs, stud diameter, concrete panel thickness, infill steel plate thickness, and wall aspect ratio on the shear force of headed studs are studied. The equation is proposed to evaluate the shear force demand of headed studs in C‐PSW/CE under cyclic loading using the numerical results. The shear force demand of headed studs increases with decreasing the number of headed studs and wall aspect ratio, increasing the stud diameter, and increasing the thicknesses of concrete panel and infill steel plate. Compared with the shear force demand of headed studs in C‐PSW/CE under monotonic loading, it is recommended that the shear force demand of headed studs in design of C‐PSW/CE in high seismic regions adopts the larger of shear force demands of headed studs under monotonic and cyclic loadings.
Neutrophilic leucocytosis induced by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐6 in canine primary lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tamura Kei , Ishigaki Kumiko , Iizuka Keigo , Nagumo Takahiro , Yoshida Orie , Asano Kazushi
Published: December 2021

Background

Neutrophilic leucocytosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome may occur in dogs with lymphoma, renal carcinoma, rectal polyps and metastatic fibrosarcoma. However, the information on canine lung adenocarcinoma with neutrophilic leucocytosis is lacking.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the clinical features and cytokine profiles of canine patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma and neutrophilic leucocytosis.

Methods

Two dogs (cases #1 and #2), each with a solitary lung adenocarcinoma, were included. Both cases had leucocytosis and underwent lung lobectomy. The resected tumours were analysed for the expression of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin‐6 (IL6) by quantitative real‐time PCR compared with normal lung tissues.

Results

At the initial examination, neither patient had any clinical signs or fever. White blood cell count (WBC) was 58,300/μl and 32,900/μl in cases #1 and #2, respectively. The gene expression ofG‐CSFincreased 6.7‐and 19.7‐fold in cases #1 and #2, respectively. The gene expression ofIL6markedly increased (30‐fold) in case #1, whereas it increased slightly (1.9‐fold) in case #2. On the other hand, that ofGM‐CSFwas slightly changed in both cases. The WBC count postoperatively decreased to within the normal range in both cases. The postoperative survival times were 347 and 118 days in cases #1 and #2, respectively.

Conclusions

This study describes G‐CSF and IL6 producing lung adenocarcinoma associated with neutrophilic leucocytosis in dogs. Canine patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas that have elevatedG‐CSFandIL6levels may have a guarded prognosis. Further investigations are needed to clarify the prognosis of canine cytokine‐producing lung adenocarcinoma.
Declining survival rates of red foxes Vulpes vulpes during the first outbreak of sarcoptic mange in Sweden
Authors: Willebrand Tomas , Samelius Gustaf , Walton Zea , Odden Morten , Englund Jan
Published: December 2021

Rapid declines in red fox Vulpes vulpes populations have followed outbreaks of epizootic mange caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. In Sweden, the first outbreak of sarcoptic mange started in 1977/1978 and affected the whole country by 1984. Here we used data on the number of harvested red foxes (51 480) from Gävleborg county (18 199 km2) in Sweden between 1970 and 1994. We used data on the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in a sample of harvested red foxes (2694) from 1974 to 1982. A rapid decline in harvested foxes occurred two to three years after the prevalence of sarcoptic mange first became evident. In the same period, mark–recovery data were used to estimate changes in survival rates, and the best model included an effect of age (young or adult) and period (annual) on the survival and recapture probabilities. The analysis was based on data from 701 young foxes of which 523 were recovered, and 133 adults of which 131 were recovered. Average annual survival was 0.55 (range = 0.53–0.58) for adults and 0.36 (range = 0.32–0.39) for young foxes in the three years preceding the outbreak. During the outbreak and the remaining six years of the study, the average survival was reduced to 0.41 (range = 0.30–0.48) for adults and to 0.25 (range = 0.17–0.30) for young foxes. A population model, based on results on our survival analysis and literature data on fecundity, was developed to project the decline of the fox population. The rate and magnitude of the reduction in projected population and harvested foxes were similar, with both reduced by almost ninety percent. Harvest statistics indicate the fox population recovered to pre‐mange densities in less than 10 years after the first detection of mange indicating a rapid development of resistance in the host. This study shows the importance of long‐term population monitoring in combination with large‐scale field‐experiments to devise alternative management options.
Half antiperovskites VII – DFT modelling of shandites that are isoelectronic to Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Marx Clara , Endriss Jan , Klopfer Maxi , Reichel Werner , Strakos Christian , Weihrich Richard
Published: December 2021

Our discovery of half metal ferromagnetic (HFM) properties on shandite type Co3Sn2S2=Sn2Co3S2 about 20 years ago by DFT calculations opened the gate for fascinating discoveries like giant anomalous Hall effect and Weyl semimetal characteristics. Thereby, interest arose on electronic and magnetic structure effects upon substitution of M=Co and A=Sn sites in and between Co Kagomé layers. Non isoelectronic substitution to A=In or M=Ni causes a decay of magnetic properties to semiconducting diamagnetic InSnCo3S2 or paramagnetic semi metal Ni3Sn2S2. The present study addresses simultanious substitutions on both A and M sites to novel isoelectronic compounds of Co3Sn2S2. Therefore, DFT calculations were performed on model structures MM'2AA'X2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni; A=In, Sn, Sb; X=S). By the given approach, target compositions are identified that are interesting for future investigations and discoveries.
Perturbative F-theory 10-brane and M-theory 5-brane
Authors: Hatsuda Machiko , Siegel Warren
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The exceptional symmetry is realized perturbatively in F-theory which is the manifest U-duality theory. The SO(5) U-duality symmetry acts on both the 16 space-time coordinates and the 10 worldvolume coordinates. Closure of the Virasoro algebra requires the Gauss law constraints on the worldvolume. This set of current algebras describes a F-theory 10-brane. The SO(5) duality symmetry is enlarged to the SO(6) symmetry in the Lagrangian formulation. We propose actions of the F-theory 10-brane with SO(5) and SO(6) symmetries. The gauge fields of the latter action are coset elements of SO(6)/SO(6; ℂ) which include both the SO(5)/SO(5; ℂ) spacetime backgrounds and the worldvolume backgrounds. The SO(5) current algebra obtained from the Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin M5-brane Lagrangian leads to the theory behind M-theory, namely F-theory. We also propose an action of the perturbative M-theory 5-brane obtained by sectioning the worldvolume of the F-theory 10-brane.
Spectral action and the electroweak θ-terms for the Standard Model without fermion doubling
Authors: Bochniak A. , Sitarz A. , Zalecki P.
Published: December 2021

Abstract

We compute the leading terms of the spectral action for a noncommutative geometry model that has no fermion doubling. The spectral triple describing it, which is chiral and allows for CP-symmetry breaking, has the Dirac operator that is not of the product type. Using Wick rotation we derive explicitly the Lagrangian of the model from the spectral action for a flat metric, demonstrating the appearance of the topological θ-terms for the electroweak gauge fields.
A gravitational action with stringy Q and R fluxes via deformed differential graded Poisson algebras
Authors: Boffo Eugenia , Schupp Peter
Published: December 2021

Abstract

We study a deformation of a 2-graded Poisson algebra where the functions of the phase space variables are complemented by linear functions of parity odd velocities. The deformation is carried by a 2-formB-field and a bivector Π, that we consider as gauge fields of the geometric and non-geometric fluxesH,f,QandRarising in the context of string theory compactification. The technique used to deform the Poisson brackets is widely known for the point particle interacting with a U(1) gauge field, but not in the case of non-abelian or higher spin fields. The construction is closely related to Generalized Geometry: with an element of the algebra that squares to zero, the graded symplectic picture is equivalent to an exact Courant algebroid over the generalized tangent bundleE≅TM⊕T∗M, and to its higher gauge theory. A particular idempotent graded canonical transformation is equivalent to the generalized metric. Focusing on the generalized differential geometry side we construct an action functional with the Ricci tensor of a connection on covectors, encoding the dynamics of a gravitational theory for a contravariant metric tensor andQandRfluxes. We also extract a connection on vector fields and determine a non-symmetric metric gravity theory involving a metric andH-flux.
Normalization of type IIB D-instanton amplitudes
Authors: Sen Ashoke
Published: December 2021

Abstract

We compute the normalization of single D-instanton amplitudes in type IIB string theory and show that the result agrees with the prediction of S-duality due to Green and Gutperle.
D-branes in AdS3 × S3 × 𝕋4 at k = 1 and their holographic duals
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Knighton Bob , Vošmera Jakub
Published: December 2021

Abstract

String theory on AdS3×S3×𝕋4with minimalk= 1 NS-NS flux can be described in terms of a free field worldsheet theory in the hybrid formalism. We construct various D-branes of this string theory and calculate their associated cylinder amplitudes. We find that these amplitudes match with the cylinder correlators of certain boundary states of the dual symmetric orbifold CFT Sym(𝕋4), thus suggesting a direct correspondence between these boundary conditions. We also show that the disk amplitudes of these D-branes localise to those points in the worldsheet moduli space where the worldsheet disk holomorphically covers the spacetime disk.
De Sitter decays to infinity
Authors: Draper Patrick , Garcia Isabel Garcia , Lillard Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Bubbles of nothing are a class of vacuum decay processes present in some theories with compactified extra dimensions. We investigate the existence and properties of bubbles of nothing in models where the scalar pseudomoduli controlling the size of the extra dimensions are stabilized at positive vacuum energy, which is a necessary feature of any realistic model. We map the construction of bubbles of nothing to a four-dimensional Coleman-De Luccia problem and establish necessary conditions on the asymptotic behavior of the scalar potential for the existence of suitable solutions. We perform detailed analyses in the context of five-dimensional theories with metastable dS4× S1 vacua, using analytic approximations and numerical methods to calculate the decay rate. We find that bubbles of nothing sometimes exist in potentials with no ordinary Coleman-De Luccia decay process, and that in the examples we study, when both processes exist, the bubble of nothing decay rate is typically faster. Our methods can be generalized to other stabilizing potentials and internal manifolds.
TRP channel expression correlates with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and high-risk endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Van den Eynde Charlotte , De Clercq Katrien , Van Bree Rieta , Luyten Katrien , Annibali Daniela , Amant Frédéric , Han Sileny , Van Nieuwenhuysen Els , Baert Thaïs , Peeraer Karen , Voets Thomas , Van Gorp Toon , Vriens Joris
Published: December 2021

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels excel in cellular sensing as they allow rapid ion influx across the plasma membrane in response to a variety of extracellular cues. Recently, a distinct TRP mRNA expression signature was observed in stromal cells (ESC) and epithelial cells (EEC) of the endometrium, a tissue in which cell phenotypic plasticity is essential for normal functioning. However, it is unknown whether TRP channel mRNA expression is subject to the phenotypic switching that occurs during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), and whether TRP channel mRNA expression is associated with aggressive phenotypes in endometrial cancer (EC). Here, we induced EMT and MET in vitro using in primary EEC and ESC, respectively, and analyzed expression and functionality of TRP channels using RT-qPCR and intracellular Ca2+imaging. The outcome of these experiments showed a strong association between TRPV2 and TRPC1 mRNA expression and the mesenchymal phenotype, whereas TRPM4 mRNA expression correlated with the epithelial phenotype. In line herewith, increased TRPV2 and TRPC1 mRNA expression levels were observed in both primary and metastatic EC biopsies and in primary EC cells with a high EMT status, indicating an association with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Remarkably, TRPV2 mRNA expression in primary EC biopsies was associated with tumor invasiveness and cancer stage. In contrast, increased TRPM4 mRNA expression was observed in EC biopsies with a low EMT status and less aggressive tumor phenotypes. Taken together, this dataset proved for the first time that TRP channel mRNA expression is strongly linked to cellular phenotypes of the endometrium, and that phenotypic transitions caused by either experimental manipulation or malignancy could alter this expression in a predictable manner. These results implicate that TRP channels are viable biomarkers to identify high-risk EC, and potential targets for EC treatment.
FUS driven circCNOT6L biogenesis in mouse and human spermatozoa supports zygote development
Authors: Chioccarelli Teresa , Falco Geppino , Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Roberto Luca , Addeo Martina , Ragusa Marco , Barbagallo Davide , Berrino Liberato , Purrello Michele , Ambrosino Concetta , Cobellis Gilda , Pierantoni Riccardo , Chianese Rosanna , Manfrevola Francesco
Published: December 2021

Circular RNA (circRNA) biogenesis requires a backsplicing reaction, promoted by inverted repeats in cis-flanking sequences and trans factors, such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Among these, FUS plays a key role. During spermatogenesis and sperm maturation along the epididymis such a molecular mechanism has been poorly explored. With this in mind, we chose circCNOT6L as a study case and wild-type (WT) as well as cannabinoid receptor type-1 knock-out (Cb1−/−) male mice as animal models to analyze backsplicing mechanisms. Our results suggest that spermatozoa (SPZ) have an endogenous skill to circularize mRNAs, choosing FUS as modulator of backsplicing and under CB1 stimulation. A physical interaction between FUS and CNOT6L as well as a cooperation among FUS, RNA Polymerase II (RNApol2) and Quaking (QKI) take place in SPZ. Finally, to gain insight into FUS involvement in circCNOT6L biogenesis, FUS expression was reduced through RNA interference approach. Paternal transmission of FUS and CNOT6L to oocytes during fertilization was then assessed by using murine unfertilized oocytes (NF), one-cell zygotes (F) and murine oocytes undergoing parthenogenetic activation (PA) to exclude a maternal contribution. The role of circCNOT6L as an active regulator of zygote transition toward the 2-cell-like state was suggested using the Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) system. Intriguingly, human SPZ exactly mirror murine SPZ.
Identification of inflammatory markers in eosinophilic cells of the immune system: fluorescence, Raman and CARS imaging can recognize markers but differently
Authors: Borek-Dorosz Aleksandra , Grosicki Marek , Dybas Jakub , Matuszyk Ewelina , Rodewald Marko , Meyer-Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Popp Juergen , Malek Kamilla , Baranska Malgorzata
Published: December 2021

Eosinophils (Eos) play an important role in the immune system’s response releasing several inflammatory factors and contributing to allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis. Since Eos have a relatively short lifetime after isolation from blood, usually eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1) is used to study mechanisms of their activation and to test therapies. In particular, EoL-1 cells are examined in terms of signalling pathways of the inflammatory response manifested by the presence of lipid bodies (LBs). Here we examined the differences in response to inflammation modelled by various factors, between isolated human eosinophils and EoL-1 cells, as manifested in the number and chemical composition of LBs. The analysis was performed using fluorescence, Raman, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which recognised the inflammatory process in the cells, but it is manifested slightly differently depending on the method used.We showed that unstimulated EoL-1 cells, compared to isolated eosinophils, contained more LBs, displayed different nucleus morphology and did not have eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO). In EoL-1 cells stimulated with various proinflammatory agents, including butyric acid (BA), liposaccharide (LPS), or cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), an increased production of LBs with a various degree of lipid unsaturation was observed in spontaneous Raman spectra. Furthermore, stimulation of EoL-1 cells resulted in alterations of the LBs morphology. In conclusion, a level of lipid unsaturation and eosinophilic peroxidase as well as LBs distribution among cell population mainly accounted for the biochemistry of eosinophils upon inflammation.
Rechtsmedizinische Modelle der Versorgung von gewaltbetroffenen Personen in Deutschland
Authors: Walz Cleo , Wilke-Schalhorst Nadine , Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Germerott Tanja
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund

In Deutschland bestehen keine einheitlichen Strukturen für die Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen. Aktuellen politischen Bestrebungen zufolge soll eine Beweissicherung auch ohne Strafanzeige flächendeckend in Deutschland ermöglicht werden. Die Rechtsmedizin verfügt über die notwendige Expertise, um eine gerichtsverwertbare Befunderhebung niederschwellig durchzuführen und den Aufbau eines solchen Angebotes zu begleiten.

Material und Methoden

Durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Klinische Rechtsmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin erfolgte eine Umfrage an rechtsmedizinischen Instituten in Deutschland zu aktuellen Modellen der Versorgung von Gewaltbetroffenen. Ausgewertet wurden Angaben zur Projektstruktur, zum Leistungsangebot und zum Versorgungsgebiet, zur Finanzierung sowie zu Vor- und Nachteilen der Projekte.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 16 Projekte aus 14 Bundesländern rückgemeldet, die körperliche Untersuchungen an eigenen und peripheren Standorten, Beratungen, Lagerungen von Asservaten sowie Fortbildungen beinhalten. In etwa der Hälfte der Projekte haben die rechtsmedizinischen Institute zusätzlich koordinierende Funktion, wobei Kooperationspartner die Untersuchungen durchführen. Der Großteil der Projekte wird über öffentliche Mittel finanziert; in 7 Projekten müssen zusätzlich eigene oder sonstige Mittel aufgebracht werden. Elf Projekte sind befristet oder Modellprojekte.

Diskussion

Rechtsmedizinische Institute verfügen über die notwendige Expertise und bieten ein umfassendes niederschwelliges Angebot für Gewaltbetroffene. Die Finanzierungsmodelle sind heterogen, häufig befristet und nicht auskömmlich. Um die politisch geforderte, flächendeckende Versorgung zu etablieren, sind eine bundesweite Einbeziehung der Rechtsmedizin und auskömmliche Finanzierung dringend notwendig.
„An manchen Tagen ein Drahtseilakt“
Authors: van Staa Juliane , Renner Ilona
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund

Eine gelingende Unterstützung von Familien mit einem psychisch erkrankten Elternteil bedarf eines vertieften Verständnisses darüber, wie eine psychische Erkrankung die Ausübung der Elternrolle beeinflussen kann. Hierfür werden diese Familien aus zwei Perspektiven betrachtet: aus der Perspektive von psychisch erkrankten Müttern und aus der Perspektive von Kinderärztinnen und -ärzten.

Datengrundlage

Datenbasis für die Müttersicht ist die „Erreichbarkeitsstudie“ des Nationalen Zentrums Frühe Hilfen (NZFH), die 123 Tiefeninterviews mit Müttern zum Familienalltag und zu Unterstützungsbedarfen umfasst. Für die Ärztesicht werden Daten aus dem „ZuFa-Monitoring“ des NZFH ausgewertet, in der bundesweit repräsentativ 815 niedergelassene Kinderärztinnen und -ärzte zur Versorgung psychosozial belasteter Familien befragt wurden.

Ergebnisse

Eltern mit Anzeichen einer psychischen Erkrankung zeigen übereinstimmend aus Mütter- und Ärztesicht erhöhte elterliche Belastungen und Einschränkungen in den Bereichen Elternkompetenzen, Wahrnehmung der kindlichen Bedürfnisse und Impulsivität, die sich nachteilig auf die kindliche Entwicklung auswirken können.

Schlussfolgerung

Aus den Erkenntnissen werden Implikationen für die Praxis abgeleitet. Das Wissen um spezifische elterliche Belastungen kann von Fachkräften Früher Hilfen genutzt werden, um psychisch erkrankte Eltern passgenau bei der Ausübung ihrer Elternrolle zu unterstützen. In der psychotherapeutischen und psychiatrischen Praxis kann das Wissen helfen, betroffene Eltern zur Annahme geeigneter familienunterstützender Angebote zu motivieren.
Screening zur frühen Identifizierung des psychosozialen Unterstützungsbedarfs bei Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern
Authors: Holl-Etten Anna Katharina , Bentz Lea , Calvano Claudia , Winter Sibylle M.
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund

Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für eigene psychische Belastungen, das durch das Erleben von Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung nochmals erhöht wird.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Entwicklung und erste Pilotierung spezifischer Screenings vorzustellen, die es ermöglichen, einen evtl. Unterstützungsbedarf bei Kindern psychisch erkrankter Eltern frühzeitig zu identifizieren.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden 2 Screeningverfahren für Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern entwickelt. Im Elternfragebogen des „Kinderscreenings“ werden psychische Auffälligkeiten der Kinder und Jugendlichen (6 bis 18 Jahre) sowie Ressourcen in Kurzform erfasst (psychische Auffälligkeiten: 26 Items, bestehende Ressourcen: 4 Items). Im „Familienscreening“ werden ebenfalls im Selbstbericht der Eltern familiäre Risiko- und Belastungsfaktoren (8 Items) sowie Hinweise auf Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung in der Familie (9 Items) erfragt.

Ergebnisse

Beide Screenings sind mithilfe eines Ampelsystems leicht auszuwerten. Psychiatrisch Behandelnde erhalten eine erste Einschätzung und konkrete Hinweise zum aktuellen psychosozialen Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsbedarf der gesamten Familie und besonders der Kinder. Sie können in der Folge weitere Schritte zur integrierten Versorgung der Familie einleiten.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Kinder- und das Familienscreening sind zeitökonomische, gut verständliche Screenings zur Identifizierung des Behandlungs- und Unterstützungsbedarfs der Familie. Im weiteren Verlauf ist geplant, die Screenings nach abschließender Validierung systematisch in der psychiatrischen Versorgung erkrankter Erwachsener einzusetzen. Somit kann den weitreichenden negativen Folgen für diese Kinder vorgebeugt werden.
Visualization of bone details in a novel photon-counting dual-source CT scanner—comparison with energy-integrating CT
Authors: Bette Stefanie J. , Braun Franziska M. , Haerting Mark , Decker Josua A. , Luitjens Jan H. , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J. , Schwarz Florian
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) promises a leap in spatial resolution due to smaller detector pixel sizes than implemented in energy-integrating detector CTs (EID-CT). Our objective was to compare the visualization of smallest bone details between PCD-CT and EID-CT using a mouse as a specimen.

Materials and methods

Two euthanized mice were scanned at a 20-slice EID-CT and a dual-source PCD-CT in single-pixel mode at various CTDIVol values. Image noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were evaluated using repeated ROI measurements. Edge sharpness of bones was compared by the maximal slope within CT value plots along sampling lines intersecting predefined bones of the spine. Two readers evaluated bone detail visualization at four regions of the spine on a three-point Likert scale at various CTDIVol’s. Two radiologists selected the series with better detail visualization among each of 20 SNR-matched pairs of EID-CT and PCD-CT series.

Results

In CTDIVol-matched scans, PCD-CT series showed significantly lower image noise (NoiseCTDI=5 mGy: 16.27 ± 1.39 vs. 23.46 ± 0.96 HU, p < 0.01), higher SNR (SNRCTDI=5 mGy: 20.57 ± 1.89 vs. 14.00 ± 0.66, p < 0.01), and higher edge sharpness (Edge Slopelumbar spine: 981 ± 160 vs. 608 ± 146 HU/mm, p < 0.01) than EID-CT series. Two radiologists considered the delineation of bone details as feasible at consistently lower CTDIVol values at PCD-CT than at EID-CT. In comparison of SNR-matched reconstructions, PCD-CT series were still considered superior in almost all cases.

Conclusions

In this head-to-head comparison, PCD-CT showed superior objective and subjective image quality characteristics over EID-CT for the delineation of tiniest bone details. Even in SNR-matched pairs (acquired at different CTDIVol’s), PCD-CT was strongly preferred by radiologists.

Key Points

• In dose-matched scans, photon-counting detector CT series showed significantly less image noise, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and higher edge sharpness than energy-integrating detector CT series.

• Human observers considered the delineation of tiny bone details as feasible at much lower dose levels in photon-counting detector CT than in energy-integrating detector CT.

• In direct comparison of series matched for signal-to-noise ratio, photon-counting detector CT series were considered superior in almost all cases.
In situ measurement of wave attractor induced forces
Authors: van Oers Alexander M. , Maas Leo R. M.
Published: December 2021

An underwater force sensor for internal waves is presented. Using this sensor, we measure forces at a location near the surface of a fluid. The sensor performs a point measurement with a high temporal resolution. We perform measurements in a density-stratified fluid contained in a trapezoidal basin. By shaking this basin longitudinally, internal gravity waves are generated. Controlling the frequency with which the basin oscillates, these waves propagate toward a wave attractor whose shape varies from complicated to rectangular. We measure the force exerted by these waves on a plate that is partially submerged into the fluid. We observe the formation and decay of wave attractors. When a surface reflection of a wave attractor is near our sensor we measure (relatively) strong forces. We confirm our findings with simulations. We observe an asymmetry in the direction of the force. This asymmetry leads to a net force and could imply the driving of a mean flow.

Graphical Abstract
Unsteady forcing of turbulence by a randomly actuated impeller array
Authors: Lawson John M. , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram
Published: December 2021

We investigate the unsteady forcing of turbulent flow in a well-stirred reactor using opposing arrays of pitched-blade impellers which randomly and independently reverse rotation. We systematically explore the dependence of the large-scale motions and the homogeneity and isotropy of the turbulence upon the forcing. We identify three dimensionless control parameters: the source fraction (the fraction of time spent in clockwise motion), the dimensionless forcing period and an impeller Reynolds number. We find the timescale of unsteady motion corresponds to the forcing period T, the average period of impeller reversal, independently of the impeller angular speed $$\varOmega$$
Ω
and source fraction. As in jet-stirred tanks, unsteady forcing substantially increases the unsteady kinetic energy, energy dissipation, integral length scale and Taylor microscale Reynolds number ($$R_\lambda$$

R
λ

) and improves the homogeneity and isotropy of the flow, provided the source fraction is chosen optimally and the forcing period is sufficiently large ($$\varOmega T > 10^3$$

Ω
T
>

10
3

); impeller Reynolds number has a relatively small influence. The forcing period must be matched to angular speed: decreasing the forcing period below this threshold results in a less intense, more inhomogeneous turbulent flow. Spectra of two-point velocity increments demonstrate that unsteady energy injection is dominated by axial shear generated across impellers and becomes less prominent at smaller scales. However, even at $$R_\lambda \approx 354$$

R
λ

≈
354

, the signature of this unsteady forcing can still be detected in near-dissipation-range statistics. These observations provide insight into optimisation of forcing and the mechanism of energy transfer when using unsteady forcing to generate turbulence in confined vessels.

Graphical abstract
Students’ age and parental level of education influence COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy
Authors: Zychlinsky Scharff Anna , Paulsen Mira , Schaefer Paula , Tanisik Fatma , Sugianto Rizky Indrameikha , Stanislawski Nils , Blume Holger , Schmidt Bernhard M. W. , Heiden Stefanie , Stiesch Meike , Melk Anette
Published: December 2021

Widespread vaccination in pursuit of herd immunity has been recognized as the most promising approach to ending the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The vaccination of children and adolescents has been extensively debated and the first COVID-19 vaccine is now approved in European countries for children aged > 12 years of age. Our study investigates vaccination hesitancy in a cohort of German secondary school students. We assessed 903 students between age 9 and 20 in the period between 17 May 2021 and 30 June 2021. 68.3% (n = 617) reported intention to undergo COVID-19 vaccination, while 7% (n = 62) did not want to receive the vaccine and 15% (n = 135) were not yet certain. Age and parental level of education influenced COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Children under the age of 16 as well as students whose parents had lower education levels showed significantly higher vaccine hesitancy.

  Conclusion: Identifying subsets with higher vaccination hesitancy is important for targeting public information campaigns in support of immunization.

What is Known:• The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among adults in Europe is about 70%, but data for children and adolescents is lacking.• The lack of immunization in younger cohorts represents a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity, and also leaves children and adolescents vulnerable to acute and long-term morbidity from natural COVID-19 infections.

What is New:• Intention-to-vaccinate among children and adolescents is high (~ 70%); conversely, vaccination hesitancy is low.• Age and parental level of education influenced COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among children and adolescents.
Prognosis in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury in a Swedish cohort and external validation of the IMPACT models
Authors: Rostami Elham , Gustafsson David , Hånell Anders , Howells Timothy , Lenell Samuel , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per
Published: December 2021

Background

A major challenge in management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is to assess the heterogeneity of TBI pathology and outcome prediction. A reliable outcome prediction would have both great value for the healthcare provider, but also for the patients and their relatives. A well-known prediction model is the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) prognostic calculator. The aim of this study was to externally validate all three modules of the IMPACT calculator on TBI patients admitted to Uppsala University hospital (UUH).

Method

TBI patients admitted to UUH are continuously enrolled into the Uppsala neurointensive care unit (NICU) TBI Uppsala Clinical Research (UCR) quality register. The register contains both clinical and demographic data, radiological evaluations, and outcome assessments based on the extended Glasgow outcome scale extended (GOSE) performed at 6 months to 1 year. In this study, we included 635 patients with severe TBI admitted during 2008–2020. We used IMPACT core parameters: age, motor score, and pupillary reaction.

Results

The patients had a median age of 56 (range 18–93), 142 female and 478 male. Using the IMPACT Core model to predict outcome resulted in an AUC of 0.85 for mortality and 0.79 for unfavorable outcome. The CT module did not increase AUC for mortality and slightly decreased AUC for unfavorable outcome to 0.78. However, the lab module increased AUC for mortality to 0.89 but slightly decreased for unfavorable outcome to 0.76. Comparing the predicted risk to actual outcomes, we found that all three models correctly predicted low risk of mortality in the surviving group of GOSE 2–8. However, it produced a greater variance of predicted risk in the GOSE 1 group, denoting general underprediction of risk. Regarding unfavorable outcome, all models once again underestimated the risk in the GOSE 3–4 groups, but correctly predicts low risk in GOSE 5–8.

Conclusions

The results of our study are in line with previous findings from centers with modern TBI care using the IMPACT model, in that the model provides adequate prediction for mortality and unfavorable outcome. However, it should be noted that the prediction is limited to 6 months outcome and not longer time interval.
The absence of association between anorexia nervosa and smoking: converging evidence across two studies
Authors: Lloyd E. Caitlin , Reed Zoe E. , Wootton Robyn E.
Published: December 2021

Previous studies have found increased smoking prevalence amongst adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to the general population. The current investigation explored bidirectional associations between AN and smoking behaviour (initiation and heaviness), to address questions surrounding causation. In Study One, logistic regression models with variance robust standard errors assessed longitudinal associations between AN and smoking, using data from adolescent participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 5100). In Study Two, two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) tested possible causal effects using summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Study One provided no clear evidence for a predictive effect of AN on subsequent smoking behaviour, or for smoking heaviness/initiation predicting later AN. MR findings did not support causal effects between AN and smoking behaviour, in either direction. Findings do not support predictive or causal effects between AN and smoking behaviour. Previously reported associations may have been vulnerable to confounding, highlighting the possibility of smoking and AN sharing causal risk factors.
Ageing-related markers and risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort
Authors: Srour Bernard , Kaaks Rudolf , Johnson Theron , Hynes Lucas Cory , Kühn Tilman , Katzke Verena A.
Published: December 2021

Biological age is an important risk factor for chronic diseases. We examined the associations between five markers of unhealthy ageing; Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and cystatin-C; with risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used a case-cohort design embedded in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort, including a subcohort of 3792 participants along with 4867 incident cases of cancer and CVD. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed and the strongest associations were used to build weighted multi-marker combinations, and their associations with cancer and CVD risks were tested. After adjusting for common confounders, we observed direct associations of GDF-15 with lung cancer risk, NT-proBNP with breast, prostate and colorectal cancers, HbA1C with lung, colorectal, and breast cancer risks, and CRP with lung and colorectal cancer risks. An inverse association was observed for GDF-15 and prostate cancer risk. We also found direct associations of all 5 markers with myocardial infarction (MI) risk, and of GDF-15, NT-proBNP, CRP and cystatin-C with stroke risk. A combination of the independently-associated markers showed a moderately strong association with the risks of cancer and CVD (HRQ4-Q1ranged from 1.78[1.36, 2.34] for breast cancer, when combining NT-proBNP and HbA1C, to 2.87[2.15, 3.83] for MI when combining NT-proBNP, HbA1C, CRP and cystatin-C). This analysis suggests that combinations of biomarkers related to unhealthy ageing show strong associations with cancer risk, and corroborates published evidence on CVD risk. If confirmed in other studies, using these biomarkers could be useful for the identification of individuals at higher risk of age-related diseases.
Real-time user clickstream behavior analysis based on apache storm streaming
Authors: Pal Gautam , Atkinson Katie , Li Gangmin
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an approach to analyzing consumers’ e-commerce site usage and browsing motifs through pattern mining and surfing behavior. User-generated clickstream is first stored in a client site browser. We build an ingestion pipeline to capture the high-velocity data stream from a client-side browser through Apache Storm, Kafka, and Cassandra. Given the consumer’s usage pattern, we uncover the user’s browsing intent throughn-gramsandCollocationmethods. An innovative clustering technique is constructed through the Expectation-Maximization algorithm with Gaussian Mixture Model. We discuss a framework for predicting a user’s clicks based on the past click sequences throughhigher order Markov Chains. We developed our model on top of a big data Lambda Architecture which combines high throughput Hadoop batch setup with low latency real-time framework over a large distributed cluster. Based on this approach, we developed an experimental setup for an optimized Storm topology and enhanced Cassandra database latency to achieve real-time responses. The theoretical claims are corroborated with several evaluations in Microsoft Azure HDInsight Apache Storm deployment and in the Datastax distribution of Cassandra. The paper demonstrates that the proposed techniques help user experience optimization, building recently viewed products list, market-driven analyses, and allocation of website resources.
Extended use of the Ariel Core Survey Data
Authors: Haswell C. A.
Published: December 2021

The Ariel mission will execute an ambitious survey to measure transit and / or secondary eclipse spectra of the atmospheres of about 1000 exoplanets. I outline here some possible scientific applications of the exquisite Ariel Core Survey data, beyond the science for which they are primarily designed.
Gamma rhythms in the visual cortex: functions and mechanisms
Authors: Han Chuanliang , Shapley Robert , Xing Dajun
Published: December 2021

Gamma-band activity, peaking around 30–100 Hz in the local field potential's power spectrum, has been found and intensively studied in many brain regions. Although gamma is thought to play a critical role in processing neural information in the brain, its cognitive functions and neural mechanisms remain unclear or debatable. Experimental studies showed that gamma rhythms are stochastic in time and vary with visual stimuli. Recent studies further showed that multiple rhythms coexist in V1 with distinct origins in different species. While all these experimental facts are a challenge for understanding the functions of gamma in the visual cortex, there are many signs of progress in computational studies. This review summarizes and discusses studies on gamma in the visual cortex from multiple perspectives and concludes that gamma rhythms are still a mystery. Combining experimental and computational studies seems the best way forward in the future.
Der unbestimmte Ort des Eigentums
Authors: Klein Max
Published: December 2021

Eine zunehmende politische Infragestellung der bestehenden Privateigentumsordnung ist gegenwärtig zu konstatieren. Mit ernstzunehmenden Enteignungsforderungen auch außerhalb marginalisierter Splittergruppen kehrt ein Begriff zurück, der weitestgehend aus dem Blickfeld der Politischen Theorie verschwand. Der vorliegende Beitrag zielt in diesem Zusammenhang auf eine dezidiert politikwissenschaftliche Untersuchung des Rechtsinstituts der Enteignung, indem der Begriff in der Architektur des demokratischen Rechtsstaates verortet wird. Changierend zwischen den Polen der rechtsstaatlichen Garantie des Privateigentums einerseits und einer Potenzialität demokratischer Infragestellungen der Eigentumsordnung andererseits wird deutlich gemacht, dass der Enteignungsbegriff auf herausgehobene Weise die Aporien des demokratischen Rechtsstaates sichtbar macht. Die These wird durch eine theoriegeschichtliche Konturierung am Beispiel der intensiven Enteignungsdiskussionen in der Weimarer Republik und insbesondere mit tiefergehender Untersuchung der im Weiteren als Antipoden figurierten Positionen Carl Schmitts und Otto Kirchheimers dargelegt. Während Schmitt mit einem engen Rechtsstaatsbegriff eine weitgehende Zurückweisung von Enteignungspotenzialitäten zu plausibilisieren sucht, stellt Kirchheimer auf eine extensive Interpretation demokratischer Verfügungsgewalt über die Privateigentumsordnung ab. Die Weimarer Krisenjahre werden als eine Art „Laboratorium“ befragt, um vom außergewöhnlichen Maß kriseninduzierter Suchbewegungen zu profitieren und eine politikwissenschaftliche Theoriesprache für gegenwärtige Enteignungsdiskussionen in Ansätzen herauszuarbeiten.
Variable selection for skew-normal mixture of joint location and scale models
Authors: Wu Liu-cang , Yang Song-qin , Tao Ye
Published: December 2021

Although there are many papers on variable selection methods based on mean model in the finite mixture of regression models, little work has been done on how to select significant explanatory variables in the modeling of the variance parameter. In this paper, we propose and study a novel class of models: a skew-normal mixture of joint location and scale models to analyze the heteroscedastic skew-normal data coming from a heterogeneous population. The problem of variable selection for the proposed models is considered. In particular, a modified Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm for estimating the model parameters is developed. The consistency and the oracle property of the penalized estimators is established. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed methodologies. An example is illustrated by the proposed methodologies.
Immunizing with information – Inoculation messages against conversational agents’ response failures
Authors: Weiler Severin , Matt Christian , Hess Thomas
Published: December 2021

Conversational agents (CAs) are often unable to provide meaningful responses to user requests, thereby triggering user resistance and impairing the successful diffusion of CAs. Literature mostly focuses on improving CA responses but fails to address user resistance in the event of further response failures. Drawing on inoculation theory and the elaboration likelihood model, we examine how inoculation messages, as communication that seeks to prepare users for a possible response failure, can be used as an alleviation mechanism. We conducted a randomized experiment with 558 users, investigating how the performance level (high or low) and the linguistic form of the performance information (qualitative or quantitative) affected users’ decision to discontinue CA usage after a response failure. We found that inoculation messages indicating a low performance level alleviate the negative effects of CA response failures on discontinuance. However, quantitative performance level information exhibits this moderating effect on users’ central processing, while qualitative performance level information affected users’ peripheral processing. Extending studies that primarily discuss ex-post strategies, our results provide meaningful insights for practitioners.