bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients: Egyptian experience
Authors: Elhalawany Nagwa , Shalaby Nessrin , Fathy Amal , Elmorsy Ahmed S. , Zaghloul Mohamed , El-shahawy Heba , Hewidy Asem A.
Published: April 2021

Background

Tuberculosis remains a worldwide problem fueled by the HIV epidemic. TB infection impacts HIV progression and mortality even with treatment. Egypt has increasing HIV prevalence, although still in low prevalent areas.

Results

Urinary LAM was positive in 22 (95.7%) of TB patients and 1 (1.9%) of non TB group. Sensitivity was 95.7%, specificity 98.1%, positive and negative predictive values were 95.7% and 98.1% respectively, with accuracy 97.4%. Urinary LAM ELISA assay has the highest sensitivity (95.7%) in relation to other tests used for TB detection in HIV patients and its concentration was highly correlated to CD4 cell count and the extent of radiological changes.

Conclusion

The use of urinary LAM in HIV patients is rapid, safe, available, and helpful tool for ruling in TB especially for those who cannot expectorate, critically ill, with low CD4, or presented by multiple system affection.
Canadian perspectives on food security and plant breeding
Authors: Williams Claire , Gleim Savannah , Smyth Stuart J.
Published: April 2021

Background

The broadness of biotechnology serves to connect different types of modern plant breeding techniques with the potential to improve global food security. However, the topic goes beyond the specific example consumers’ associate with the term—genetic modification. As a result, it is often unclear if consumers really know what they claim to understand and the efforts to clarify the science and reasoning behind the use of these practices is often obscured.

Methods

Two online surveys of 500 Canadians were conducted in 2017.

Results

Three-quarters of Canadians have high levels of trust in those who provide information about food, yet two-thirds believe that modern plant breeding technologies are unnatural.

Conclusions

Canadians lack basic knowledge about modern plant breeding practices and technologies and possess high levels of uncertainty regarding the potential for benefits or externalities to develop from the commercialization of new genome editing plant breeding technologies.
Detection, counting and characterization of nanoplastics in marine bioindicators: a proof of principle study
Authors: Valsesia Andrea , Parot Jeremie , Ponti Jessica , Mehn Dora , Marino Rita , Melillo Daniela , Muramoto Shin , Verkouteren Mike , Hackley Vincent A. , Colpo Pascal
Published: April 2021

Plastic particulates in the environment pose an increasing concern for regulatory bodies due to their potential risk to higher organisms (including humans) as they enter the food chain. Nanoplastics (defined here as smaller than 1 μm) are particularly challenging to detect and analyze at environmentally relevant concentrations and in biological matrices. The tunicate Ciona Robusta is an effective bioindicator for microplastics and nanoplastic contamination in the marine environment, due to its capacity to filter substantial volumes of water and to accumulate particulates. In this proof-of-principle study that demonstrates a complete methodology, following controlled exposure using spiked samples of a model nanoplastic (100 nm diameter polystyrene spheres) the nanoparticles were separated from an enzymatically digested biological matrix, purified and concentrated for analysis. The described method yields an approximate value for nanoplastic concentration in the organism (with a limit of detection of 106 particles/organism, corresponding to 1 ng/g) and provides the chemical composition by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, this method can be extended to other biological matrices and used to quantitatively monitor the accumulation of nanoplastics in the environment and food chain.
Treatment of Localized and Locally Advanced, High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries
Authors: Khauli Raja , Ferrigno Robson , Guimarães Gustavo , Bulbulan Muhammad , Uson Junior Pedro Luiz Serrano , Salvajoli Bernardo , Palhares Daniel Moore Freitas , Racy Douglas , Gil Erlon , de Arruda Fernando Freire , Lemos Gustavo Caserta , Carvalhal Gustavo Franco , de Carvalho Icaro Thiago , Martins Igor Austin Fernandes , Gimpel Ivan Frederico Pinto , Salvajoli João Victor , Chambo José Luis , Pontes Jr José , Filho Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro , Nogueira Lucas , Freitas Marcelo Roberto Pereira , Wroclawski Marcelo , Arap Marco Antonio , Sadi Marcus Vinicius , Coelho Rafael , Gadia Rafael , Roja Rodrigo Antonio Ledezma , Hanriot Rodrigo de Moraes , Baroni Ronaldo , Zequi Stenio , Nahas William Carlos , Alfer Jr Wladimir , Maluf Fernando Cotait
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE

To generate and present survey results on important issues relevant to treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) focusing on developing countries.

METHODS

A panel of 99 PCa experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 67 questions concern the main areas of interest of this article: treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in developing countries. A larger panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create the recommendations for treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this article.

RESULTS

The panel voted publicly but anonymously on the predefined questions. Each question was deemed consensus if 75% or more of the full panel had selected a particular answer. These answers are based on panelist opinion and not on a literature review or meta-analysis. For questions that refer to an area of limited resources, the recommendations considered cost-effectiveness as well as the possible therapies with easier and greater access. Each question had five to seven relevant answers including two nonanswers. Results were tabulated in real time.

CONCLUSION

The voting results and recommendations presented in this article can guide physicians managing localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in areas of limited resources. Individual clinical decision making should be supported by available data; however, as guidelines for treatment of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in developing countries have not been defined, this article will serve as a point of reference when confronted with this disease.
Consensus on Prostate Cancer Treatment of Localized Disease With Very Low, Low, and Intermediate Risk: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC)
Authors: Luz Murilo de Almeida , Guimarães Gustavo Cardoso , Nardi Aguinaldo César , Pompeo Alexandre Saad Feres Lima , Sarkis Álvaro Sadek , Nowier Amr , Lima Pompeo Antônio Carlos , Nardozza Jr Archimedes , Adamy Jr Ari , Carneiro Arie , Salvajoli Bernardo Peres , Benigno Bruno Santos , Freitas Jr Celso Heitor de , Chade Clarissa Angotti Daher Cezar , Palhares Daniel Moore Freitas , Otero Danilo Armando Citarella , Neto Deusdedit Cortêz Vieira da Silva , Carvalhal Eduardo Franco , Gil Erlon , Freire de Arruda Fernando , Korkes Fernando , Caserta lemos Gustavo , Carvalhal Gustavo Franco , de Carvalho Ícaro Thiago , Gimpel Ivan Federico Pinto , Chambô José Luis , Pontes Jr José , Filho Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro , Nogueira Lucas Mendes , Wroclawski Marcelo Langer , Freitas Marcelo Roberto Pereira , Arap Marco Antônio , Sadi Marcus Vinícius , Bulbul Muhammad , Coelho Rafael Ferreira , Gadia Rafael , Khauli Raja B. , dos Reis Rodolfo Borges , Rojas Rodrigo Antônio Ledezma , Guimarães Roger Guilherme , Aldousari Saad , Ferrigno Robson
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE

A group of international urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on prostate cancer (PCa) in developing countries. The results are reviewed and summarized, and recommendations on consensus statements for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa focused on developing countries were developed.

METHODS

A panel of experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 66 questions concern the principal areas of interest of this paper: very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries. A larger panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create the recommendations for treatment and follow-up for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this manuscript.

RESULTS

The panel voted publicly but anonymously on the predefined questions. Each question was deemed consensus if 75% or more of the full panel had selected a particular answer. These answers are based on panelist opinion not a literature review or meta-analysis. For questions that refer to an area of limited resources, the recommendations consider cost-effectiveness and the possible therapies with easier and greater access. Each question had five to seven relevant answers including two nonanswers. The results were tabulated in real time.

CONCLUSION

The voting results and recommendations presented in this document can be used by physicians to support management for very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in areas of limited resources. Individual clinical decision making should be supported by available data; however, as guidelines for treatment for very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries have not been developed, this document will serve as a point of reference when confronted with this disease.
Rhetoric, the Pox, and the Grand Tour
Authors: McAllister Marie E.
Published: April 2021

In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England, the Grand Tour, sex, and venereal disease became almost indivisible in the public imagination. The Grand Tour was an essential element of a well-born man's education. Yet a persistent belief developed that continental travel was infecting the youth of England with debilitating disease, and that they were bringing disease home to harm the nation. The belief sprang from medical ignorance and xenophobia, but also from the usefulness of associating pox with the Grand Tour, a rhetorical move that helped to palliate domestic medical problems, enrich sectors of the British economy, and lay groundwork for changes in the control of political power—and that has persisted into our own era's conception of the Grand Tour.
Dosimetry audits in Taiwan radiotherapy departments
Authors: Shiau An-Cheng , Hsu Shih-Ming , Huang Pei-Yun , Chen Chiu-Ping , Huang Yi-Ting , Lien Ke-Yu , Chen Chin-Ping , Fan Shung-Hwei , Jeng Shiu-Chen , Chen Ho-Hsing , Liang Ji-An
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

This study examines the practice of the regulation of Standards for Medical Exposure Quality Assurance (SMEQA) in Taiwan based on on-site quality audit for radiation therapy systems from 2016 to 2019.

Methods:

81 radiation therapy departments, 141 linacs, 9 γ knife systems, 34 high dose rate brachytherapy systems, 20 Tomotherapys, and 6 Cyberknives were audited yearly. Data collection and analysis for each institute’s documents including QA procedure, ion chamber and electrometer calibration reports, and a questionnaire relating to machine type and staffing, were requested first and reviewed by auditors. On-site SMEQA core item measurements, including beam output, beam profile and energy constancy for external beam therapy systems, and the source strength, positioning, and timer accuracy for brachytherapy systems were audited second. More than 300 photon beams and more than 400 electron beams were measured each year.

Results:

There were approximately 8.9 radiotherapy units per million population, and 1.2 medical physicists per unit in Taiwan. For the output measurements, more than 78 and 75% of the photon beams and electron beams, respectively, from linacs were with deviations within ±1.0%. Photon beams have lower beam quality measurement deviations than electron beams. Including in-plane and cross-plane measurements, more than 90 and 85% photon and electron beams, respectively, were with flatness consistency within 1.0%. All audit measurements were within the SMEQA acceptance criteria.

Conclusions:

According to SMEQA regulations on-site QA audits were successfully carried out from 2016 to 2019 for all Taiwan radiotherapy units. The measurement results showed high quality machine performance in Taiwan.

Advances in knowledge:

Dosimetry audits with directly acquired measurement readings have lower uncertainties; allow immediate feedback, discussion, and adjustment in a timely manner. In addition to regulation system establishment and education and training implementation, the machine quality is closely related to machine maintenance implementation.
Examining the frequency and concomitant dose of geometric verification imaging for patients undergoing proton beam therapy for ocular tumours; an audit of current clinical practice
Authors: Shrewsbury-Gee Kate , Kelly Daniel , Kirby Mike
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

This paper uses clinical audit to determine the extent and dosimetric impact of additional imaging for patients undergoing ocular proton beam therapy who have no clips visible in the collimated beam.

Methods:

An audit was conducted on 399 patients treated at The National Centre for Eye Proton Therapy between 3 July 2017 and 14 June 2019. The mean total number of image pairs over the course of treatment for patients with and without clips visible in the collimated beam were compared.

Results:

Among 364 evaluable patients, 333 had clips visible in the collimated beam and 31 did not. There was a statistically significant increase of five image pairs required for patients with no clips visible compared with those with clips visible (mean 14.6 vs 9.6 image pairs, respectively; p = 2.74 × 10–6). This equated to an additional 1.5 mGy absorbed dose, representing an increase in secondary cancer induction risk from 0.0004 to 0.0007%.

Conclusions:

The small increase in concomitant dose and set-up time for patients with no clips visible in the collimated beam is not clinically significant.

Advances in knowledge:

This novel work highlights clinical audit from real on-treatment geometric verification data and frequencies, rather than protocols, for ocular proton beam therapy; something not present in the literature. The simple and straightforward methodology is easily and equally applicable to clinical audits (especially those under Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations) for photon techniques.
Mega cisterna magna in bipolar mood disorder: a case report
Authors: Yazici Esra , Kose Sefanur , Gunduz Yasemin , Kurt Elif Merve , Yazici Ahmet Bulent
Published: April 2021

Mega cisterna magna (MCM), one of the members of the Dandy-Walker complex, is a developmental malformation of the posterior fossa that is larger than 10 mm but morphologically does not affect the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Reports of psychiatric disorders associated with this anomaly are rare. We present the case of a patient with MCM who presented with a psychotic manic attack and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A 28-year-old female, single housewife, university graduate, presented with irritability, decreased sleep and appetite, distraction, and agitation. The patient also had a delusion of reference. In the clinical follow-up, an increase in energy and an increase in the amount of speech were observed. Her neurological examination was normal, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an MCM. The relationship and clinical significance of MCM with psychosis and mood disorders have not yet been fully elucidated. It is not known whether this association is accidental or based on etiological commonality. The purpose of this case report is to review the relationship between the cerebellum and psychiatric symptoms and to contribute to the literature.
Organizational and Economic Aspects of Increasing the Efficiency of Agricultural Production Based on Precision Farming Technologies
Authors: Neyfel'd V. , Kadomceva M.
Published: April 2021

The article shows various aspects of increasing the efficiency of production of products of the plant growing sub-sector based on the introduction of precision farming technologies. An economic model for determining the potential for the introduction of precise technologies is presented, including the analysis of variable factors of production and the determination of the marginal product of labor in crop production, taking into account the acreage, yield, variable and fixed costs, the level of fertilization, plant protection products, profit and other factors.

A significant regional differentiation in the level of use of precision farming technologies is revealed. The key factors that determine regional differentiation in the size of areas where elements of precision farming are used and the level of use of digitalization means in agricultural production have been identified. On the example of the Saratov region, the economic efficiency of the introduction of a precision farming system, including systems of parallel driving, differentiated sowing, differentiated fertilization, and harvesting logistics, has been proved.

The directions of improving the system of state management of crop production using precision farming technologies based on the geographic information system of the region, including natural and cost indicators of crop production, distributed by geographic coordinates and aggregated with databases of commodity producers and cadastral land registration, have been developed.
The Problem of the Impact of Human Capital Formed in the Education System on the Socio-Economic Development of Russian Regions
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: April 2021

The paper put forward hypotheses that the possibility of economic growth during the transition to a post-industrial economy is determined by human capital formed in the higher education system, the possibility of economic well-being in the transition to a post-industrial economy is determined by human capital formed in the tertiary system. Education, institutional transformations in the education system due to their incon-sistency and approaches based on the administrative and control style of management inherited from the industrial economic system, worsen the conditions for the formation of human capital in the education system of modern Russia. To assess the impact of the socio-economic development of human capital formed in the education system, it is proposed to perform by means of a correlation analysis of links between indicators characterizing the composition of the employed population by education level and indi-cators characterizing the socio-economic development of Russian regions by years of a twenty-year period starting from 2000 to 2019. Preliminary research has made it possible to establish that the employed population of the regions with higher education has a positive effect on economic growth in the regions, but this influence is decreasing; the employed population of the regions with lower levels of education negatively affect the economic growth in the regions. The employed population of regions with higher and professional education has a positive effect on the welfare of the regions.
Prerequisites for the Formation of Corporate Training at Enterprises As a Driver for Increasing Labor Productivity
Authors: Shishkin Andrey
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the issues related to the definition of the concept of corporate training. A refined definition of the concept of corporate training is given on the basis of the prevailing market conditions and the dynamism of the changing external environment. The analysis of corporate training models is carried out and the directions allowing to optimize their classification on the basis of simplified classification features are given. The interaction of the internal system of corporate training with external sources of interaction with human resources is considered. The article proves the necessity of forming a corporate training system in order to increase the efficiency of activities at the level of medium and large business companies. The importance of corporate training in the system of increasing labor productivity and its role as a potential driver in achieving high economic indicators is determined.
Double Tax Treaties: Fiscal Security of the State
Authors: Stratilatova A. , Ahmadeev R. , Golubcova E. , Agapova A.
Published: April 2021

In today's economy, the basis for optimal tax policy is a holistic approach in the application of international agreements to avoid double taxation. Contracts applicable between jurisdictions are the main instruments for resolving tax disputes and conflicts by taxpayers. The validated double taxation process in each country depends to a large extent on the structure of the tax base, the status of the taxpayer and the established rules for determining taxable income. The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of legal regulation of double taxation. In turn, the subject of study is legal norms, international treaties and agreements regulating social relations arising in the sphere of legal regulation of double taxation. In the practice of international taxation, more than 3000 bilateral international treaties on avoidance of double taxation of personal income and prevention of tax evasion are applied, whereas in Russia, this figure exceeds 80 existing agreements. Under the current legal system, the provisions of double taxation agreements have priority over the provisions of the domestic tax legislation. The analysis of changes in bilateral international double taxation treaties between Russia and Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta in 2020 allowed identifying important aspects of their legal application and formulating the main tasks necessary for the development of tax potential and successful cooperation in the field of regulation of trade and economic relations.
Is transhumanism heading towards redefinition of human being or towards Utopia?
Authors: Szopa Rafał
Published: April 2021

Transhumanism has enormous effect on temporary philosophical thought by forcing philosophers to take on many intellectual challenges. Not only philosophers deal with transhumanism but also scientists who try to create technological solutions that enable implementation of transhumanistic ideas. The question is whether all these ideas will be realized. The purpose of the article is to show that not all transhumanist aspirations can be put into practice. The first reason is that transhumanism limits human’s understanding to the material dimension (from a theological point of view). While this is understandable in the naturalistic paradigm, this approach is insufficient when it comes to all complexity of human being and for this reason tanshumanism represents too narrow a human’s understanding to be able to implement its all assumptions. The second reason is that to enable people to become posthumans the latest technologies would have to be available to everyone and this seems impossible. If so, such a situation will divide people into ordinary people and posthumans and this could lead to conflicts that transhumanists want to avoid after all. Finally, the body-mind problem is essentially limited to emergentism, which corresponds to the naturalistic paradigm. It seems, however, that without the concept of the soul it is impossible to understand who a man is, his/her identity and consciousness and this is crucial for mind uploading.
In defence of posthuman vulnerability
Authors: Liedo Fernandez Belen , Rueda Jon
Published: April 2021

Transhumanism is a challenging movement that invites us to rethink what defines humanity, including what we value and regret the most about our existence. Vulnerability is a key concept that require thorough philosophical scrutiny concerning transhumanist proposals. Vulnerability can refer to a universal condition of human life (ontological vulnerability) or, rather, to the specific exposure to certain harms due to particular situations (social vulnerability). Even if we are all vulnerable in the first sense, there are also different sources and levels of vulnerability depending on concrete social circumstances. Recently, Michael Hauskeller (2019) argued about a fundamental incompatibility between transhumanism and vulnerability. He understands vulnerability as an existential category, linked to woundability and mortality. This idea is akin to ontological vulnerability, but it does not notice some important features of social vulnerability. On the other side, transhumanism is a complex and non-homogeneous movement. Here we distinguish between a strong and a weak version of transhumanism. We will propose that the salience of vulnerability is only diminished in the radical one, while a moderate version can reconcile vulnerability with human enhancement. Thus, vulnerability, a concept that has recently gained much importance as an anthropological category in contemporary ethics, is not necessarily at odds with any transhumanist project.
Psychology and Religion. Remarks from a Methodological Perspective
Authors: Terelak Jan Felicjan
Published: April 2021

The paper is an overview of the connections between scientific psychology and religion. The thesis that scientific psychology, which deals with empirical research of all manifestations of spirituality and religiousness within the different principles and contexts of culture, cannot refer to the doctrine of religion, but it should take into account in its research the cultural aspects of the religion without valuing them at the individual human level (personalistic psychology) and their influence on the "fate" of the world (e. g. cultural psychology), is being discussed. Conclusion: Against the background of the twentieth-century Anglo-Saxon psychology, based on the positivist paradigm, there is no place on the basis of valid methodological canons for building a direct relationship between scientific psychology and religion.
The Problem of Organizing Leisure Time for Children and Adolescents in Extracurricular Work
Authors:   SHEE ", Beletskiy Oleksii ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Zolotareva Valentyna ,   MI "Oleksandrivka Basic Institution of General Secondary Education of I-III degrees", Bilenets Alina ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the features of the use of free time and its importance in the organization of extracurricular work. The essence and features of the influence of free time on the formation of the personality of children and adolescents in today's conditions are revealed. The factors of the problem of free time and its use in the organization of extracurricular work are considered. Some types of activity in the organization of leisure of modern youth are analyzed. The article reveals the value potential of free time as a factor in the formation of a child's moral consciousness. The role of free time is also revealed. The main causes of difficulties and inability to organize their leisure time are identified and listed. Among them, the main focus is on the dependence on TV, computer games ( including network, role-playing and Rpg-genre), social networks, as well as the influence of spontaneous "yard" companies. The article emphasizes the importance of leisure activities for further career choice (career guidance). The main idea of the article is the statement that the organization of free time should be carried out on the basis of the desires, interests, and inclinations of children and adolescents. A huge role in this is played by interest, voluntariness and rationality.
The Contemporary Approach to Teaching of Syntax of Complex Sentence at Secondary School
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Shchupko Svitlana
Published: April 2021

A special place in the school course of the Ukrainian language is occupied by the study of the syntax of a complex sentence. This is due to the role of language as a means of forming and expressing thoughts, as a means of communication between people. The functional significance of the units of all levels of the language system, their participation in achieving communicative goals is visible at the syntactic level only. So there is a close connection between the study of the syntax of a complex sentence at school and the elaboration of material in other language sections. In the article peculiarities of preparation to systematic course of syntax of complex sentence during learning of non-syntactic themes is studied. Analysis of syntactic role of parts of speech is important. The study of morphology on a syntactic basis allows to solve several didactic tasks: to discuss with pupils many types of phrases and morphological means of expression of members of sentence; consolidate syntactic and punctuation topics which were studied previously; to demonstrate some syntactic constructions, which will be discussed in detail later. The syntactic aspect of educational work is determined by the content of the morphological theme.
Determination of Cognitive and Emotional Components of Speech of Children of Older Preschool Age
Authors:   Kamianets-Podіlskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University, Bielova Olena
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to carry out a theoretical analysis of the cognitive and emotional components of speech in older preschool children. The main research methods are theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature. Analysis of research materials proved that the cognitive sphere is a multifaceted mechanism, the work of which is provided by intellectual components: sensation, perception, thinking, memory, attention, imagination and speech in particular. In cognitive linguistics, the functioning of language is considered through cognitive activity, and its processes are studied through language phenomena: awareness of speech constructions, understanding of word meanings (semantic competence),grammatically correct speech, expression of one's own opinion, improvement of speech abilities. Each speech action has an emotional accompaniment, the concept of emotions is realized through verbalized (structural-semantic, lexical) and no verbalized (facial expressions, gestures, actions) sign system. Understanding cognitive interaction with the functional speech system makes it possible to understand the more complex mechanisms of speech ontogenesis. This is especially true if there is a need to learn the language and speech of children with typical psychophysical development and speech disorders. The study of scientific statement on the issues of our study indicates the leading components of speech readiness for school, namely: cognitive (intellectual-speech) – covers the idea of semantic constructive significance of language and speech, the formation of speech components; motivational (learning motive) – understanding of social and cognitive motives of learning, their arbitrariness in the organization of behavior and during learning; activity (speech activity) – active participation in various types of speech activity, manifestation of independence, creativity, initiative, cooperation with children and teachers; emotional (verbalization of emotions and feelings) – awareness and control of their emotional state, adequate expression of emotions indifferent life situations, the ability to explain and recognize them in other people.
Study of the Development of Dialogue Speech in Preschoolers with Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors:   MI ", Proskurniak Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the research on the diagnosis of speech development among children with autism spectrum disorders. It is taken into account that a comprehensive idea of the state and features of a child's formation speech as a means of communication can be obtained only in the process of a comprehensive examination and analysis of his or her speech activity. It is proved that the majority of diagnostic techniques are not suitable for use in diagnosing of the level of speech and communication development of autistic children. It is noted that to assess the formation of dialogic speech of preschool children with autism, there are very few methodological developments, they are not perfect, and they should be adapted to the characteristics of each child. Diagnosis of the level of development of dialogic communication is to determine the level of formation of actual dialogic skills: the initiation of a communicative act, the ability to support and complete the conversation, coherence and logic of expression, intonation of dialogue; ability to communicate in pairs, groups, teams; ability to address with a request, a message, a demand, a greeting, to meet, to apologize, to thank, to say goodbye, to attract attention; an ability to use non-verbal means of communication; ability to ask questions, to use replica-stamps in speech, knowledge of dialogue etiquette and grammatical correctness. In accordance with the outlined indicators, a selection of diagnostic techniques aimed at determining the state of development of dialogic speech in children with autism spectrum disorders was carried through. The levels of development of dialogic speech in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders are described: low, medium, sufficient (which was not recorded among the respondent. All children have had echolalia, speech stereotypes, autodialogues recorded, which indicates a lack of understanding of what they are told, misunderstanding of requirements, disability to form answers or reluctance of communication in general. Analysis of the results of the study showed that misunderstanding of speech, of the meaning of nonverbal means of communication by children with autism spectrum disorders and the inability to initiate conversation leads to refusal to interact with other people, and their alienation.
Formation of Attachment and Its Role as a Vital Need
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Lytvynova Nataliia
Published: April 2021

In the article, the author proves the importance for the full development of the child, the formation of his identity and the establishment of ties between the child and the parents or persons who replace them. Ensuring communication, stable and lasting relationships between children and adults are considered. In the first six years of a child's life, attachment exists on several levels: feelings, imitation, belonging, feelings of importance to others, love, feelings that you are known. The types of attachment disorders, the relationship between the stages of development and the needs of the child are analyzed. Signs of attachment disorder in the child's behavior. Consequences of disorders and reactions in adulthood. Recommendations for establishing a positive relationship with the child and forming a stable attachment are formulated: unconditional acceptance of the child and his past; educational process without punishment and any violence; listen carefully to the problems, experiences and needs of the child; clearly formulated rules, the structure of the day – part of which is taken with the child; spend a lot of time with the child; clear and safe for the child the role of an adult – a mentor in his life; predictability of the environment and behavior of adults; to support all, even insignificant successes of the child; always help the child if she asks you to; discussing one’s emotions and safely expressing one’s feelings to adults; make remarks to the child in the form of impersonal ,,I-messages’’; assistance of specialists, mutual support groups, training; provide the opportunity to choose and strengthen the child’s sense of control and self-efficacy, involve the child in the decision-making process in his life, emphasize the child’s sense of ,,I can’’; do not forget to hug, kiss, hug the child.
De la seguridad e higiene a la seguridad y salud: 50 años de prevención de riesgos laborales en España
Authors: Castejón Emilio , Benavides Fernando G.
Published: April 2021

El 9 de marzo de 2021 habrá cumplido 50 años nuestro referente nacional en prevención y salud en el trabajo, el actual Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (INSST). Una edad para celebrar y para reflexionar sobre el camino andado, y encarar el que hay por delante hasta ser al menos centenario. Este es el doble objetivo de este comentario editorial…
Evolución de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en las comunidades autónomas españolas en el periodo 2008-2018
Authors: Martín Prieto Sergio , Alvarez Peregrina Cristina , Thuissard Vasallo Israel , Catalina Romero Carlos , Calvo Bonacho Eva , Villa Collar César , Sánchez Tena Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: Analizar las diferencias en la evolución de las lesiones oculares en el trabajo entre las comunidades autónomas en España.

Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de los accidentes laborales y las enfermedades profesionales de una Mutua Colaboradora de la Seguridad Social entre las diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas en el intervalo de tiempo de 2008-2018. Se analizaron aquellos accidentes que provocaron lesión en alguna estructura ocular, comparándose la incidencia por cada 100 000 asegurados y el riesgo relativo (RR) de sufrir una lesión ocular en el trabajo.

Resultados: Se observó una disminución en la evolución de la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades, aunque con dos periodos diferenciados. El porcentaje de cambio anual disminuye en todas las comunidades hasta el 2013, pero entre 2013-2018 esta tendencia sólo se mantiene en Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Islas Canarias, Madrid, Murcia y Navarra. Castilla- La Mancha fue la comunidad autónoma con mayor incidencia (886.56/100 000) y riesgo relativo de sufrir una lesión ocular (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 – 2.75), mientras Cataluña presentó la menor incidencia (82.25) y riesgo relativo (RR 0.25; IC 95 % 0.22 – 0.28).

Conclusiones: Durante el periodo 2008-2018 se produce una disminución en la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades autónomas con un cambio de tendencia a partir del año 2013.
Factores de riesgo psicosocial y molestias musculoesqueléticas en cajeros bancarios de una empresa bancaria en Lima - Perú
Authors: Rodriguez Rojas Richard Raitt , Escobar Galindo Carlos Manuel , Veliz Terry Paula Martha , Jara Espinoza Roly Marino
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Determinar si la presencia de molestias musculoesqueléticas y el nivel de riesgo psicosocial se hallan relacionados en cajeros de una empresa bancaria en la ciudad de Lima.

Métodos: Diseño metodológico de tipo transversal y descriptivo. Se analizó una muestra de 234 trabajadores. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Riesgos Psicosociales en el Trabajo SUSESO – ISTAS 21 VERSIÓN BREVE, una adaptación del Cuestionario Nórdico de Molestias Musculoesqueléticas y una ficha de datos sociodemográficos. Se aplicaron los instrumentos de valoración entre los meses septiembre y noviembre del año 2018. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi Cuadrado para analizar la relación entre las variables principales del estudio.

Resultados: Las dimensiones de factores psicosociales con más prevalencia de riesgo alto fueron “Exigencias psicológicas” (50.1%) y “Doble presencia” (49.1%). Las molestias musculoesqueléticas más frecuentes fueron las reportadas en el cuello (75.9%) y en la zona dorsolumbar (75.0%). Se observó relación entre el nivel de riesgo psicosocial en la dimensión “Compensaciones” y cantidad de regiones corporales afectadas por molestias musculoesqueléticas en los cajeros bancarios (p<0.05). 

Conclusiones: Existe relación entre el nivel de riesgo psicosocial en la dimensión de “Compensaciones” y la cantidad de regiones corporales con reporte de molestias musculoesqueléticas. Se recomienda propiciar factores psicosociales protectores para evitar las molestias musculoesqueléticas en los cajeros bancarios.
Prevalencia del síndrome visual informático (SVI) en trabajadores présbitas
Authors: Sánchez-Brau Mar , García González Guillermo
Published: April 2021

Entrevista a Mar Sánchez-Brau
Autologous fat grafting combined with negative pressure wound therapy in severe diabetic foot ulcer: a case study
Authors: Biyao Zheng , Gang Xu , Hai Jiang , Chenwang Duan , Xuan Liu
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Hard-to-heal wounds are a surgical challenge, and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most common and severe varieties. Previous studies have shown that autologous fat grafting (AFG) and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have the potential to promote wound healing. This case study describes how these two methods together helped in the healing of a serious DFU.

Case history:

A 65-year-old female patient had a severe DFU on her right foot, with a 30-year history of disease and renal failure. By the time symptoms were evident, regular dressing changes and antibiotic treatment were inadequate. She received surgical debridement, AFG and NPWT. Finally, as the granulation tissue covered the full wound bed, the wound was closed by split-thickness skin grafting. One month later, the DFU was fully healed with no recurrences.

Conclusion:

The application of AFG or components of adipose tissue to treat hard-to-heal wounds has been researched at both the molecular level and in clinic. In this case, we have proved the curative effect of jointly using AFG and NPWT.
Use of TIME in treating a hard-to-heal localised scleroderma wound
Authors: Hui-ren Zhuang , Hai-ping Yu , Li-li Ma
Published: April 2021

Objective:

Localised scleroderma is a rare disease and the wound is difficult to heal because of tissue fibrosis. We present the case of a patient with localised scleroderma treated using the TIME (tissue, infection or inflammation, moisture and edge of wound) clinical decision support tool (CDST) for wound management. This includes: assessment, bringing, control, decision and evaluation (the ABCDE approach). The patient was fully evaluated and multidisciplinary teams were involved in wound treatment. Complications of wound healing were controlled and treated, and the wound was continuously assessed until it healed.

Conclusion:

This method of wound management provides a sound theory for the evaluation and management of hard-to-heal wounds and is worthy of clinical application.
Frontier: Autonomy in Detection, Actuation, and Planning for Robotic Weeding Systems
Authors: Pandey Piyush , Dakshinamurthy Hemanth Narayan , Young Sierra N.
Published: April 2021

Highlights

Recent research and development efforts center around developing smaller, portable robotic weeding systems.

Deep learning methods have resulted in accurate, fast, and robust weed detection and identification.

Additional key technologies under development include precision actuation and multi-vehicle planning.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Automated systems, Automated weeding, Weed control.
Cattle Feeding Experiment and Chopping Device Parameter Determination for Mechanized Harvesting of Forage Rape Crop
Authors: Wan Xingyu , Liao Qingxi , Jiang Yajun , Liao Yitao
Published: April 2021

Highlights

Forage rape crop could effectively alleviate the lack of green forage for livestock in winter.

With the growth of forage rape crop, stem lignification was exacerbated and its palatability degenerated.

The relationship between particle length and palatability was explored in a cattle feeding experiment.

Optimal working parameters of the chopping device were obtained for harvesting the crop in different stages.

Abstract. Forage rape crop, which uses the immature plant leaf and stem of a hybrid rape crop (Brassica napus L.) with low erucic acid and glucosinolate to feed livestock, is an innovative fresh-fed feed material with the advantages of high yield, low cost, rich nutrients, and vigorous growth in winter. In this work, a systematic study was carried out on the relationships among the characteristics of forage rape crop stems, chopping device parameters of the harvester, feeding performance, and chopped particle length (PL) in different growth stages. The results of the stem characteristics tests indicated that stem lignification occurred and increased with growth of the crop from the bolting stage to the silique stage, leading to degeneration of its palatability. The cattle feeding experiment showed that when the bolting rape crop was used, the average feed intake of the cattle fed the chopped rape crop increased by 33.35%, compared to feeding the whole crop without chopping, while the average feeding time decreased by 35.44%. Further experiments on the effects of PL after chopping on feeding performance in different growth stages showed that the optimal PL values in the bolting, flowering, and silique stages were 80, 60, and 30 mm, respectively. Finally, the corresponding cutterhead rotational speeds of the chopping device were calculated as 450, 510, and 1200 r min-1, respectively. This study provides a reference for the development and application of harvesting equipment for forage rape crop. Keywords: Agricultural mechanization, Cattle feeding, Forage palatability, Harvester, Parameter matching.
Assessment of integration of emergency obstetric and newborn care in maternal and newborn care in healthcare facilities in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Komolafe Abiola Olubusola , Olowokere Adekemi Eunice , Irinoye Omolola Oladunni
Published: April 2021

The integration of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) into maternal and newborn care is essential for its effectiveness to avert preventable maternal and newborn deaths in healthcare facilities. This study used a theory-oriented quantitative approach to document the reported extent of EmONC integration, and its relationship with EmONC training, guidelines availability and level of healthcare facility. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred and five (505) healthcare providers and facility managers across the three levels of healthcare delivery. An adapted questionnaire from NoMad instrument was used to collect data on the integration of EmONC from the study participants. Ethical approval was obtained and informed consents taken from the participants. Both descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and median) and inferential analyses (Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests) were done with statistical significance level of p<0.05 using STATA 14. The mean age of respondents was 38.68±8.27. The results showed that the EmONC integration median score at the three levels of healthcare delivery was high (77 (IQR = 83–71)). The EmONC integration median score were 76 (IQR = 84–70), 76 (IQR = 80–68) and 78 (IQR = 84–74) in the primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities respectively. Integration of EmONC was highest (83 (IQR = 87–78)) among healthcare providers who had EmONC training and also had EmONC guidelines made available to them. There were significant differences in EmONC integration at the three levels of healthcare delivery (p = 0.046), among healthcare providers who had EmONC training and those with EmONC guidelines available in their maternity units (p = 0.001). EmONC integration was reportedly high and significantly associated with EmONC training and availability of guidelines. However, the congruence of reported and actual extent of integration of EmONC at the three levels of healthcare delivery still need validation as such would account for the implementation success and maternal-neonatal outcomes.