bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El combate de un enemigo invisible: la inscripción del coronavirus en la épica nacional argentina
Authors: Hirschfeld Eric Hernán
Published: December 2020

El artículo presente es producto del trayecto realizado en el seminario de semiótica Metáforas y Discursividad Social (FHUC - UNL). En este marco, se confeccionaron herramientas propicias para analizar la materialización de una metáfora en particular: aquella que homologa procedimientos del discurso bélico al discurso médico con los efectos de legitimar la construcción discursiva del significante ‘coronavirus’ como enemigo. 

Dado este diseño, se dispone en este artículo de los procedimientos teóricos que permiten leer dicha homologación, la cual se sitúa en el análisis de un corpus específico, como lo es en este caso la publicidad de YPF lanzada el 25 de mayo de 2020 a propósito de las medidas del Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio. 

La hipótesis central de esta investigación sostiene que dicha homologación opera a los efectos de re-actualizar una épica de carácter patriótico, cuyos alcances materializan la actualización de las dicotomías fundacionales de nuestro país. Los argumentos que pretenden sostener esta conjetura consideran, además de aspectos metodológicos, cuestiones referidas con la constitución de la épica nacional argentina (Kohan, 2014) y el uso de la enfermedad como una metáfora (Sontag, 1977). Dada la complejidad de las posibilidades de análisis, se procede al estudio de uno de los elementos denotados en la publicidad: aquél que utiliza la figura de Domingo F. Sarmiento en la homologación de estos dos discursos.
Reconfiguración de contornos subjetivos. Una aproximación semiótica en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Schneider Luciana
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo intenta pensar problemáticas contemporáneas desde las reconfiguraciones subjetivas en tiempos de pandemia. Posición que implica el desafío, al mismo tiempo que el riesgo, de asir “lo que pasa, mientras pasa”. Si bien el abordaje semiótico define el encuadre del presente trabajo, el psicoanálisis se inmiscuye irremediablemente.

En esta coyuntura histórica, el carácter absoluto que traen la omnipresencia de la virtualidad y la viralidad global exponen la contundencia de lo incorpóreo, su peculiar forma de presentarse: el efecto en los cuerpos. Los discursos virtuales circulantes atraviesan, como láseres, tejidos.  Se suspenden actividades, pero la red virtual infinita bulle, desborda tiempos y espacios. Presenciamos el trasvasamiento entre los espacios públicos y privados. Se desvanecen los contornos subjetivos frente a las condiciones de exhibir/se-exponer/se-mostrar/se-mirar/se-con-vivir, pues son escasas las posibilidades de escamotear, de la vidriera, fragmentos del yo. Se exponen las transparencias subjetivas. ¿La tan aplanadora como exitosa máquina panóptica alumbra sujetos sin tabiques?  (que nos protejan del afuera y que, acaso, ¿protejan el afuera?)  ¿Interpelación, interpenetración o internalización mediática? Eficacia semiótica que produce sujetos translúcidos. La reunión de las partes en la escena tiene como carta de presentación: el recorte del rostro en la pantalla. El todo se juega en esa parte. El todo, ¿esa ausencia de yo?.

Para elaborar este artículo, hacemos anclaje en dos supuestos que intentarán sujetar estas ideas: 

1-Efecto interpenetración A: lo viral y virtual: una lógica de propagación.

2-Efecto interpenetración B: lo que se hace presente como anverso está indisolublemente atado a su reverso. Sujetos-sentidos-realidades.
PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA DE AGENTES DE MICOSES OPORTUNISTAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Queiroz-Fernandes Geisiany
Published: December 2020

O uso indiscriminado de antifúngicos vem contribuindo com a mudança no perfil epidemiológico de fungos resistentes, elevando a taxa de mortalidade nos pacientes acometidos. No Brasil, devido à ausência de dados oficiais, não existem relatos precisos sobre a primeira detecção de resistência a antifúngicos. Entretanto, dentre os agentes causadores de micoses oportunistas a espécie mais isolada é a Candida albicans, além de outras espécies como Cryptococcus neoformans, Sporothrix schenckii e Aspergillus spp. têm sido descritas. Este estudo buscou evidenciar o progressivo aumento dos índices de resistência de fungos oportunistas aos antifúngicos comumente utilizados e ressaltar a importância do conhecimento do perfil de sensibilidade antes do início do tratamento, pois o tratamento incorreto destas infecções agrava as falhas terapêuticas e leva à remissão das micoses. Realizou-se revisão de literatura científica com base no banco de dados Bireme, Scielo, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico, utilizando como descritores: Candida albicans, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus spp., micoses oportunistas, resistência, resistência em micoses oportunistas, perfil de resistência e resistência fúngica no Brasil. Os mesmos foram pesquisados em português, inglês e espanhol. Com o crescente número de pacientes imunocomprometidos os índices de infecções oportunistas aumentaram. Patógenos fúngicos oportunistas, pertencentes a estes gêneros, mostraram-se resistentes aos poliênicos (anfotericina B), imidazóis (cetoconazol, miconazol, econazol), flucitosina, triazóis (voriconazol, fluconazol, itraconazol) e multiazóis em muitos estudos. A utilização inadequada de alguns antifúngicos vem contribuindo para o aumento de taxas de incidência de infecções oportunistas, principalmente por cepas resistentes, piorando o prognóstico destes pacientes.
Estudo epidemiológico transversal sobre as hospitalizações por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave causada pela COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Gallo Costa Gomes Guilherme
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o número de hospitalizações e óbitos por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave por COVID-19 nas 27 unidades federativas brasileiras. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo e analítico de modo que foram selecionados os dados referentes aos números de casos e óbitos por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave por COVID-19 e outras causas (Influenza, outros vírus respiratórios, outros agentes etiológicos, não especificados pesquisa), sexo e faixa etária. Resultados: O agente etiológico Sars-CoV-2 gerou mais internações e óbitos por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave quando comparado ao total de dados de internações por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave no mesmo período de 2019 nas 27 unidades federativas, além disso, gerou mais óbitos do que outras causas até a 33ª semana epidemiológica em todos os estados. Os homens com mais de 60 anos também tiveram maior incidência de casos e óbitos em comparação com outras faixas etárias, principalmente em indivíduos que apresentam fatores de risco como doenças cardíacas e diabetes mellitus. Considerações finais: Após a análise dos dados apresentados, é possível verificar que a Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave causada pela COVID-19 provocou uma grande sobrecarga nos ambientes de terapia intensiva devido ao acometimento respiratório e cardíaco dos pacientes, evoluindo para insuficiência respiratória e óbito. Os números de óbitos por Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave causada pela COVID-19 foi maior do que outras causas em todos os Estados e os homens com mais de 60 anos de idade apresentaram maiores incidência de casos e óbitos em relação as demais faixas etárias.
Análise das internações e da taxa de mortalidade por doenças febris, infecciosas e parasitárias durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Dias Nikolas Lisboa Coda , Faccini-Martínez Álvaro A. , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de
Published: December 2020

Não se aplica
Kadın Girişimci Profilinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik TR72 Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: FİLİZÖZ Berrin , YARAŞ Dilara
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma, kadın girişimcilerin profillerini, seçilmiş bazı değişkenler açısından ortaya çıkarmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, kadınların girişimci özellikleri ve girişimcilik deneyimleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmanın evrenini Kayseri, Yozgat ve Sivas illerinde faaliyet gösteren Ticaret ve Sanayi odalarına kayıtlı 244 kadın girişimci oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, toplam 59 maddeden oluşan anket formu kullanılmış, veriler frekans tablolarına dönüştürülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, kadın girişimcilerin sosyo-ekonomik profilleri, işletmeleri ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerine ilişkin mevcut durum ortaya koyulmuştur.
Analysis of Household Energy Expenditure in Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: KANU Ifeanyı Moses , OBASİ Igwe , ONWUSANYA Kelechi
Published: December 2020

Understanding household energy expenditure is important to encourage policies that support the provision of cleaner, efficient and cost effective sources of energy to households. This project analyzed household energy expenditure in Umuahia North Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State, Nigeria. The available domestic energy commonly used by the households’ was kerosene, firewood, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), charcoal, and electricity. The most used domestic energy types was kerosene (1st), followed by Liquefied Petroleum Gas (2nd); then firewood (3rd) and charcoal (4th). Multiple regression result for the factors influencing household energy expenditure in the study area shows that five out of eight explanatory variables employed in the model significantly affected the respondent’s households’ energy expenditure. These variables were household size, sex, household income, education and frequency of cooking. Also, results from the ordered probit model shows that the significant variables influencing the choice of domestic energy expenditure was age and gender of the household head, their income level, educational level and occupation. Lack of financial resources, high cost of cleaner energy types and distance from the place of purchase significantly affected household energy expenditure in the study area. It is recommended that provision of cleaner, efficient and cost effective sources of energy be made available to households.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 19. EXPERIMENTAL CHECK OF THEORETICAL RESULTS FOR DIFFERENT ANGLES OF DIE TAPER
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The results of an experimental check of the obtained theoretical formulae allowing us to determine the most important parameters of extrusion of cartridges with a counterpunch for different angles of die taper are presented. Characteristics of used tools, geometric parameters of extrusion experiments, strength characteristics of deformed materials and lubricants are described in detail. Both strain-hardening material and strain-unhardening material were studied. Methodology of the theoretical calculations is demonstrated in detail. High accuracy of the obtained design formulae was confirmed.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 20. EXPERIMENTAL CHECK OF THEORETICAL RESULTS WHEN EXTRUDING BRASS L63 AND STEEL 12Х18Н9Т
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The results of an experimental check of the obtained theoretical formulae allowing us to determine the most important parameters of extrusion of cartridges with a counterpunch for hardening brass L63 and steel 12Х18Н9Т are presented. Characteristics of used tools, geometric parameters of extrusion experiments, strength characteristics of deformed materials and lubricants are described in detail. Methodology of the theoretical calculations is demonstrated in detail. High accuracy of the obtained design formulae was confirmed.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 12. DETERMINATION OF DEFORMED STATE UNDER STRAITENED EXTRUSION IN THIRD CENTRAL AREA OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

Formulae have been obtained that are necessary to calculate cumulative deformation in the process of straitened extrusion in the central area closed to the inner part of a formed item wall. The general method of plastic flow proposed by A. L. Vorontsov was used. The obtained formulae allow one to determine the deformed state of a billet in any point of the given area. The formulae should be used to take into account the strengthening of the extruded material.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 13. DETERMINATION OF DEFORMED STATE UNDER STRAITENED EXTRUSION IN FOURTH CENTRAL AREA OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

Formulae have been obtained that are necessary to calculate cumulative deformation in the process of straitened extrusion in the central area closed to the working end of the counterpunch. The general method of plastic flow proposed by A. L. Vorontsov was used. The obtained formulae allow one to determine the deformed state of a billet in any point of the given area. The formulae should be used to take into account the strengthening of the extruded material.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 14. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF PROCESS VARIABLES OF FREE EXTRUSION PROCESS
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The calculation methodology of the energy-power and strain parameters of free extrusion processes of cartridges with a counterpunch is presented. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is discussed. Taking into account the strengthening of extruded material is described in detail for a case of hardening material. The presented formulae allow one to determine such most important parameters of the pressing process as total and specific strain forces, maximum pressure on a die wall, an increase in yield load.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 15. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF PROCESS VARIABLES OF STRAITENED EXTRUSION PROCESS
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The calculation methodology of the energy-power and strain parameters of a straitened extrusion process of cartridges with a counterpunch is presented. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is discussed. Taking into account of the strengthening of extruded material is described in detail for a case of hardening material. The presented formulae allow one to determine such most important parameters of the pressing process as total and specific strain forces, maximum pressure on a die wall, an increase in yield load.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 16. INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL CHECK OF THEORETICAL RESULTS
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

Objectives of the experimental check of the theoretical results were defined. Outcomes of the experimental check of obtained theoretical formulae allowing one to determine the most important parameters of the cartridge extrusion with a counterpunch are presented. Characteristics of used tools, geometric parameters of extrusion experiments, strength characteristics of deformed materials as well as lubricants are described in detail. The high precision of obtained design formulae was confirmed.
MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 17. EXPERIMENTAL CHECK OF THEORETICAL RESULTS WITH USE OF STRAIN-HARDENING MATERIAL
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: December 2020

Results of the experimental check with the use of strain-hardening material, which was carried out for the obtained theoretical formulae allowing one to determine the most important parameters of the cartridge extrusion with a counterpunch, are presented. Methodology of the theoretical calculations, characteristics of used tools, geometric parameters of extrusion experiments, strength characteristics of deformed materials, as well as lubricants are described in detail. The high precision of obtained design formulae was confirmed.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE HUMAN PROSTATE GLAND IN INTERMEDIATE AND LATE FETAL PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Piatsko Irina , Usovich Alexander
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to determinate the morphometric parameters of epithelial cords, prostatic ducts, acini of the human prostate gland and their lining epithelium, the shape of prostate glands, and muscle tissue in fetal periods of development. Material and Method: The study was performed on 19 prostate glands of male sex fetuses of intermediate and late fetal periods. We used the morphometric method of verification of apoptotic cells on stained histoligical preps using the criteria of apoptosis. Morphometric research included measurements of acini and acinar lumen areas, epithelium height, assessment of shape factors. Results: In the late fetal period compared to the intermediate fetal period the acini area was not increased in 1.1 times (p =0,004), the area of acinar lumens increases by 3.8 times (p=0.0005). Changes in the shape of acinar lumens were detected. Conclusion: An insignificant increase of the specific area of the glandular parenchyma in the organ of transformation of the developing glands occurs mainly due to their canalization. The formation of prostatic ducts was not followed by the increase in their total area and was the result of differentiation epithelial cells and apoptosis. Transformation of prostate glands in the prenatal period occurs in a certain sequence: the formation of epithelial buds, their canalization by apoptosis with formation of epithelial ducts and prostatic ducts, and formation of end pieces of prostate glands from these ducts. Apoptotic bodies were removed from the lumen of the prostatic ducts by extrusion. The design and orientation of the smooth muscle bundles around prostatic ducts and acini do not ensure the evacuation of content of the prostate glands in the fetal period.
VARIANTES ANATÓMICAS DE LA ARTERIA HEPÁTICA COMÚN
Authors: Fonseca Figueroa José D. , Alvarado Rodríguez Valeria L. , Estrada McDermott Pedro , Morales Vindas Verónica , Leiva Gabriel Kevin , González Fernández Jéssica
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Las variantes de la arteria hepática común han sido estudiadas y descritas desde la antigüedad, con la subsecuente aparición de clasificaciones anatómicas para su correcta identificación. Se ha descrito que hasta un 40% de la población presentan dichas variantes. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando los descriptores “arteria hepática”, “variación anatómica” y “anatomía” donde se obtuvo un registro de 22203 que habían sido reportados por diferentes investigadores anteriormente y se analizaron en conjunto. Resultados: La variantes anatómicas de la AHC fueron estudiadas y clasificadas por Michels, Lippert y Pabst, y Hiatt. Según la clasificación de Hiatt, 80,46% de los individuos se agrupan dentro del grupo I, 6,46% dentro del grupo II, 6,10% en el grupo III, 1,50% en el grupo IV, 1,32% en el grupo V y 0,02% en el grupo VI. El grupo X de Michels, no contemplado en la clasificación de Hiatt, representó el 0,04% de la muestra. Conclusiones: Se recomienda realizar estudios de imagen preoperatorios cuando se considere apropiado puesto que podría incidir en la disminución de complicaciones quirúrgicas y postquirúrgicas y se debería considerar realizar estudios descriptivos para determinar la incidencia de variantes anatómicas en la población local.

 

Introduction: Variants of the common hepatic artery have been studied and described since ancient times, with the subsequent appearance of anatomical classifications for their correct identification. It has been reported that up to 40% of the population present these variants. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was carried out by using the key words “hepatic artery”, “anatomic variation” and “anatomy”, resulting in a registry of 2203 individuals previously reported by various researchers which was analyzed as a whole. Results: Anatomical variants were studied and described by Michels, Lippert & Pabst, and Hiatt. According to the Hiatt classification, 80,46% of individuals were sorted in group I, 6,46% in group II, 6,10% in group III, 1,50% in group IV, 1,32% in group V and 0,02% in group VI. Michels’ group X, not included in Hiatt’s classification, represented 0,04% of the sample. Conclusions: Preoperative imaging studies are recommended when appropriate since it could result in a decrease in surgical and post-surgical complication. Descriptive studies that determine the incidence of anatomical variants in the local population should be considered.
ESTUDIO ANATOMO-TOMOGRÁFICO DE LA VERSIÓN ACETABULAR
Authors: Quinteros Carlos M.
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El estudio imagenológico de las características morfométricas de la articulación de la cadera en una muestra de casos asintomáticos, reviste importancia para comprender variantes de normalidad.Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo sobre un archivo de tomografías computadas solicitadas por patologías abdomino-pélvicas, de ambos sexos con edades entre 18 y 45 años, ortopédicamente sanos. Se realizó una medición digital de la versión acetabular. Las variables consideradas y analizadas con estadística descriptiva fueron edad, sexo y versión acetabular.Resultados: Se incluyeron 165 pelvis, 102 masculinas (61,9%) y 63 femeninas (38,1%). La edad media de la cohorte fue de 36,4 años. La versión fue positiva (anteversión) en 163 casos, con una media masculina de 17,1° ± 2,7° (p <0,03) y femenina de 19,8° ± 3,9° (p <0,01). Dos pelvis masculinas tenían retroversión (1,2%). La diferencia de versión contralateral promedio fue de 1,15° ± 2,2°.Conclusión: El acetábulo femenino tiene una anteversión promedio mayor que el masculino. Es frecuente encontrar anteversión acetabular contralateral diferente. La prevalencia de retroversión en una muestra adulta joven asintomática es baja.
Who, what, to whom and on what language speaks? Polish-Ukrainian borderland in the 1940s: from the history of a family
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Science, Lagno Anna R.
Published: December 2020

Polish-Ukrainian borderland is commonly associated with Austrian Eastern Galicia. The river San marked the western border, and the river Zbruch marked the eastern one. It was multiethnic and multicultural land. At the beginning of the twentieth century Eastern Galicia acquired an exceptional symbolic meaning, becoming the place of collision of two state projects - Polish and Ukrainian. The complex relationship between Ukrainians and Poles was escalated by the Second World War. The problem of national minorities was to be solved by resettlement, that took place from 1944 to 1946. So during and after World War II, this region lost their traditional multiethnic character. Poles, Jews, and smaller numbers of Germans were replaced by Ukrainians from those territories that became part of the new Polish state. From this period Eastern Galicia became the part of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. This article centers on the question of what were the essential features that delimit the identity of Poles and Ukrainians in the mid-1940s? For answering on this question, I have chosen unpublished memoires of a man who was born in 1913 in Austrian Galicia, lived in Lviv voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic and died in Soviet Ukraine; I also use oral conversations with his children. Methodologically this paper is based on the work of Frederick Barth and Iver Neumann, who concluded that the most effective way of studying identity is to investigate the significant markers of identity that delimit the culture of this group from the culture of the «Other». Thus, it has been noted by many authors, identity is a very complex subject, that is difficult to study. The historical sources used in this article, shows that identity of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland population is ambivalent, blurred. The most significant marker of ethnic identity - language - does not «work» for the population of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland due to the widespread bilingualism. Difficulties arise with another markers - differences in denomination affiliation and the territory.
Calendar bypass rites of Burgenland’s Croats in Hungary: history and reproduction
Authors:   Institute for Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Science, Plotnikova Anna A.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the calendar bypass rites of the Burgenland Croats of South-Western Hungary in the vicinity of the town of Szombathei and is based on ethnolinguistic field studies conducted in 2019. Special attention is paid to the processes of the interaction between and mutual influence of the coexisting Croatian and Hungarian languages, folklore, and ethnographic traditions. The role of the folk language used is shown, which is in some cases reproduced when recreating the ritual Christmas circumambulation. The researcher focuses on the history of the revival of the “shepherds” Christmas rite in the village of Narda and its surrounding villages - Felsőcsatár and Horvátlővő. Reconstruction of the elements of the Christmas “shepherds” showed that the persons taking part in the ritual who visit the houses in the village as “shepherds” act as “wonderful guests”. They are connecting the spheres of both “their own” and “alien” worlds, and become the object of sacralisation as representatives of some other world, who bring prosperity, success, and good luck to the owners of the house. At present, this archaic aspect of the circumambulation (which is reflected in the attributes of the maskers and the motifs of their songs) is preserved as a symbol, sign, or characteristic feature of the winter rite itself (the shepherd’s performance). The masks representing the characters of biblical history are characteristic (shepherds, angels), which fits into the broader context of the later Slavic tradition. The example of the Christmas rite of “shepherds” shows the linguistic and folklore polyglossia that is typical for this region, where Burgenland’s Croats live in a foreign-language and foreign-culture environment.
Croats among Hungarians: the grape harvest festival
Authors:   Institute for Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Science, Vashchenko Daria Yu.
Published: December 2020

The study is based on interviews collected in the course of field ethnolinguistic research in 2019 from Croats living in Hungary in the vicinity of Szombathei. The article deals with the grape harvest festival called trgadba, or surety. Testimonies from local Croatians are analysed against the background of the corresponding Hungarian tradition, as well as in the context of socio-historical processes that took place in the region in the twentieth century. For the sake of comparison, data on the grape harvest holiday in neighbouring Slovakia is used. Special attention is paid to the perception of the holiday by the Croat population, and their qualification of it as their own / alien, and primordial / new. Some local Croatians believe the celebration of the grape harvest to be some conventional semi-official holiday that has no support in local tradition, linking it with the Hungarian nature of the holiday, as well as the fact that, under Socialism, the vineyards were nationalised and the tradition broken. Others qualify the holiday as a novelty of recent times. It is shown that for the region as a whole, the holiday is an innovation going back to the late nineteenth century and since then has been considered an urban fashion. Attempts to develop wine tourism in the region and integrate the Croatian villages of Burgenland into the so-called wine roads have not yet met any significant support among residents, and the grape harvest festival has a conditional and rather formal character for them which is not associated with their own ethnocultural identity.
Polyglossia in modern Hungarian literature: diversity of authors’ strategies
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University, Yakimenko Oksana A.
Published: December 2020

The article illustrates the major trends and strategies in employing multilingualism in Hungarian literature, especially that written by authors born and raised in the countries that surround Hungary in areas populated by polylingual groups including Hungarian-language minorities, as well as in texts describing ‘internal’ multilingualism within Hungary. The author explores the tendency of using multilingualism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries as a method and medium of expression, and provides examples of how authors shift from merely stating the facts of polylingual speech and avoiding foreign language inclusions to keep up with mainstream Hungarian literature, to including foreign words, phrases and whole fragments from other languages into their Hungarian texts, while reflecting on the multi/transcultural environment that Hungarian minorities have inhabited over the last hundred years. The article reviews prose by Hungarian authors, who were either born in Hungary or in neighbouring countries (and who later moved to Hungary). The article features excerpts from works previously not translated into Russian, thus allowing the reader to get a closer look at the versatile and polycentric Hungarian literature created in the environment of the national literature of Central and Eastern Europe.
Belarusian-Russian mixed speech in modern stage performances
Authors:   Yakub Kolas Institute of Linguistics, National Academy of Science of Belarus, Goncharenko Ekaterina D.
Published: December 2020

This article analyses the typical features of the influence of the Russian language on Belarusian stage speech. Contemporary theatre, concerts, and other cultural events have played an important role in the popularization in the Belarusian language of misbalanced bilingualism. According to the transcripts of modern actors, emcees, and musicians recorded in theatres, music clubs, literature museums, and culture centres between 2012 and 2019, different fragments and types of mixing of Belarusian and Russian are revealed. Firstly, we notice switching of language code, which is used for famous phrases from literature, cinema, etc., or shows someone else’s speech. Secondly, we have examples of Russian language interference in Belarusian at the lexical, grammatical, and phonetic levels. So-called trasianka-distorted Russian language according to the special features of the Belarusian orthoepyis observed as a specific kind of interfered speech. In addition, various variants of hard mixing of systems and subsystems, functional styles of two languages (especially including of dialect words and forms), jargon lexis, and special units of alternative norms of the Belarusian language tarashkevitsa are shown. This research notes that mixed speech is a result not only of bilingual interaction, but the decline in the standard of stage speech. It is noted that trasianka helps to create a comic or negative character image on stage.
On some aspects of Russian-Polish bilingualism in the Russian Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Falkovich Svetlana M.
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the issues of Russian-Polish bilingualism in the Russian Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Within the framework of the empire, the area of settlement of Poles was not limited to the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. Their presence in various Russian regions is shown by the example of the activities of “Polonies” in the Kharkov province, the North Caucasus, and Siberia. The migration of the Poles occurred both voluntarily, as was the case in the Kharkov province, or was forced, as a result of the repressions of the tsarist authorities and the exile of members of the Polish national movement, as in the North Caucasus and Siberia. It was not unusual that after the expiration of the term of exile, Poles voluntarily remained in the place they had been exiled to. Their occupation depended largely on the nature of the region and their social status. In the Kharkov province, representatives of the Polish intelligentsia carried out professional and cultural-educational activities, served as provincial officials, and were engaged in the improvement of urban infrastructure. In Siberia, Polish exiles became teachers as well as taking part in scientific expeditions that conducted research in the fields of geography, hydrography, geology, flora and fauna, meteorology, and ethnography of the region. To obtain better opportunities and adapt to the surrounding reality, the Poles needed, to one degree or another, knowledge of the Russian language. They acquired the language in various ways in addition to self-education: they were in constant contact with the local population and some even married those of the Orthodox faith. The participation of Poles in the social and cultural life of the regions under consideration contributed to a certain rapprochement and greater assimilation of the culture of both peoples.
The motive of Slavic kinship and multilingualism in the memoirs of Russian officers — participants in the Hungarian campaign of 1849
Authors:   Magyar Napló Publishing House, Rosonczy Ildikó
Published: December 2020

In the middle of the nineteenth century, about 40 per cent of the population of the Habsburg monarchy were Slavs. In the revolutionary year of 1848, larger and smaller nationalities that were at different stages of the nation-building process and who differed in their confessional affiliation as well as their social and political claims, were each demanding different degrees of national autonomy within the Monarchy. In 1849, it came to a head when Russian military intervention was requested by Francis Joseph I in order to suppress the Hungarian armed resistance. This coincided with the period of the so-called national awakening among the Slavic-speaking nationalities of the Monarchy, when linguistic kinship was becoming more and more obvious, the doctrine of Slavic reciprocity was born, and a sense of Slavic community appeared. The Russian army travelled to the Hungarian battleground through Moravia and the northern territories, which were mainly inhabited by Slavic peoples. Officers and soldiers of the Russian army easily found a common language with the Moravians, Poles, Ukrainians, Ruthenians, and Slovaks, as well as with Germans (Saxons) and Hungarians who spoke local Slavic dialects. This article examines the idea of linguistic kinship as reflected in the memoirs of officers of the Russian army who fought in the Hungarian Campaign of 1849 and strives to explore what role kindred Slavic languages played in the contacts between soldiers and the local population, and how these officers evaluated the military operation from the point of view of the future of the Slavic peoples living in the Habsburg Monarchy. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the wartime behaviour of ethnic Poles in Russian service.
The language situation in the Slovene lands from the late eighteenth to early twentieth centuries in the sociocultural context of the era
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilina Liubov’ A.
Published: December 2020

From the end of the eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries, Slovenes lived not only on their own, but also in the German, Italian, and Hungarian cultural spaces. The dominant role in state and society was played by the German language, with Slovenian considered the language of the common people. This article examines the peculiarities of the language situation in Carniola, Lower Styria, and Southern Carinthia - regions with predominantly Slovene populations that nevertheless remained under German political and cultural influence - and analyses the evolution of Slovenian against the sociocultural background of the age. The maturation of Slovene literary language began in the second half of the eighteenth century, during the period known as the national revival. At that time, language was both a means of communication and a social marker; only from the middle of the nineteenth century did it acquire its function as a distinctive ethnic feature and the basis for political nation-building projects. By the beginning of the twentieth century, it was fully formed and had its own scientific and professional terminology. The evolution of the language situation in the Slovenian lands was decisively influenced by two factors: the language policy of the Austrian state, aimed at the systematization and classification of non-German languages; and the activities of Slovenian patriots, aimed at developing their language and culture, and strengthening their position within the Empire.
Multilingualism in the Croatian lands under the sceptre of the Habsburgs in the eighteenth century
Authors:   Institute of Croatian History, Horbec Ivana
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the role of multilingualism in Croatian lands under the Habsburg rule during the 18th century. The focus of the research is set on Croatian-Slavonian nobility and other local elites (clergy, officers, physicians, engineers, etc.) as part of the society susceptible to the influence of the educational norms and linguistic policies set by the Habsburg authorities. It provides an insight into the language skills of the 18th-century Croatian society, the impact of educational policy on the language learning and the importance of language choices for social or political representation. It is argued that the culture of the educated, mostly politically active part of the Croatian society remained intensely multilingual until deep into the 19th century due to the specificity of language practices, and that the educational policy of the Court in Vienna contributed more to the affirmation of the national language than did the activity of the Croatian elites. The research is based on archival sources kept in Croatian, Hungarian and Austrian state archives and selected contemporary records (correspondence, memoirs, and publications).
First grammar books in the Habsburg Monarchy: individual initiative and regulatory interference by the state (1760s–1770s)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khavanova Olga V.
Published: December 2020

The second half of the eighteenth century in the lands under the sceptre of the House of Austria was a period of development of a language policy addressing the ethno-linguistic diversity of the monarchy’s subjects. On the one hand, the sphere of use of the German language was becoming wider, embracing more and more segments of administration, education, and culture. On the other hand, the authorities were perfectly aware of the fact that communication in the languages and vernaculars of the nationalities living in the Austrian Monarchy was one of the principal instruments of spreading decrees and announcements from the central and local authorities to the less-educated strata of the population. Consequently, a large-scale reform of primary education was launched, aimed at making the whole population literate, regardless of social status, nationality (mother tongue), or confession. In parallel with the centrally coordinated state policy of education and language-use, subjects-both language experts and amateur polyglots-joined the process of writing grammar books, which were intended to ease communication between the different nationalities of the Habsburg lands. This article considers some examples of such editions with primary attention given to the correlation between private initiative and governmental policies, mechanisms of verifying the textbooks to be published, their content, and their potential readers. This paper demonstrates that for grammar-book authors, it was very important to be integrated into the patronage networks at the court and in administrative bodies and stresses that the Vienna court controlled the process of selection and financing of grammar books to be published depending on their quality and ability to satisfy the aims and goals of state policy.
Attribution of the manuscript of The Life of Peter the Great and specifics of the Slavonic-Serbian language in the works of Zaharij Orfelin
Authors:   Vienna University, Schwarcz Iskra
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the problem of the authorship of an anonymous manuscript on the history of Russia in the time of Peter the Great, which today is part of the library of the Institute of East European History at the University of Vienna. The hypothesis proposed is that this is the first part of the work of the famous Serbian enlightener Zaharija Orfelin, The Life and Glorious Deeds of Peter the Great, and a further assumption is given on where the second part of the manuscript may be located. The literary language in Orfelin’s work is a vivid manifestation of the so-called “Slavonic-Serbian” language. Attention is drawn to the use by Orfelin of different language systems in different literary genres - for example, The Life of Peter was written in the “Slavonic-Serbian” language, poetry was mainly in Serbian, and political treatises, such as Representation, were written in German. Orfelin paid particular attention to the development of school education and within a short time published a number of textbooks for Serbian children: in 1766, the Latin ABC Book with a short dictionary translated into the Slavonic-Serbian language was published, followed a year later by First elements of the Latin language containing Latin grammar and didactic dialogues, and in 1767 by the ABC of the “Slavonic [slavenskij] language”, which was the first Serbian alphabet and used in primary schools in Serbia until the end of the nineteenth century. Of interest are Orfelin’s less studied contacts with other representatives of the Revival among southern Slavs. The conclusion illustrates Orphelin’s attitude to the reforms of Maria Theresa in the field of religion and education.
The problem of language identity in Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novel I want! in contemporary sociocultural context
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baydalova Ekaterina V.
Published: December 2020

The novel by Volodymyr Vynnychenko I want! (1915) was, on one hand, his literary answer to the discussion on the national question in Ukrainian society, and, on the other, it was his reaction to the accusations of him being a renegade resulting from his shift towards Russian literature. In 1907-1908, after the publication of his dramas and novels which were impregnated with the idea of “being honest with oneself” (it implied that all thoughts, feelings, and acts were to be in harmony), his works could be more easily published in Russian than in Ukrainian. This situation was taken by his compatriots as a betrayal against his native language and the national cause. In the novel I want! the problem of language identity is directly linked with national identity. In the beginning of the novel the main character, poet Andrey Halepa, despite being ethnic Ukrainian, spoke, thought, and wrote poems in Russian, and consequently his personality was ruined and his actions lacked motivation. It seems that after his unsuccessful suicide attempt and under the influence of a “conscious” Ukrainian, Halepa got in touch with his national identity and developed a life goal (the “revival” of the Ukrainian nation and the building of a free-labour enterprise). However, in the novel, national identity turns out to be incomplete without language identity. Halepa spoke Ukrainian with mistakes, had difficulty choosing suitable words, and discovered with surprise the meaning of some Ukrainian words from his former Russian friends. The open finale emphasises the irony of the discourse around a fast national “revival” without struggle and effort, and which only required someone’s will.
THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ROBUSTA POWDER COFFE IN VARIOUS SIZE TYPES and COFFE WEIGHT ON SACHETS
Authors: Agustina Tri , Silsia Devi , Hidayat Lukman
Published: December 2020

This research aims to determine the performance influence of sachets on various sizes of bags and the weight of coffee to the characteristics of the brew of coffee bags. The study uses a completely random design with 2 treatment factors, the first factor of the volume of contents in the bag and the second factor of the packaging bag size. Analyzed With ANOVA dan when the effect is noticeable. It will be followed by using a DMRT at  5%. significant levels. The research at moisture and ash content is suitable for the raw material of coffee bags. Coffee Sari qualified SNI is on the treatment of the volume of 1/4 content and small bag size with a yield of 22.02% coffee juice. The results of the analysis on the missing coffee weight test were obtained the highest value found in the volume of the 1/3 content with a large bag size resulted in 2.73 grams of lost coffee weight. The lowest value is on the 1/2 content volume and the medium size is 0.17 grams. The sensory test was derived that the panelists preferred it to the size of a large bag and the appropriate volume of contents to fill the bag with a volume of 1/3.Keywords: Bag size and coffee weight, Coffee characteristics.
Entomopatogen nematode exploration and virulency against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith
Authors: Hade Winda Septi , Djamilah Djamilah , Priyatiningsih Priyatiningsih
Published: December 2020

Corn (Zea mays L) is a very important food and animal feed after rice. One of the important pests that attack corn plants is Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith. This pest is a new pest and is a major pest in corn. In pest control, farmers generally use synthetic chemicals. In an effort to reduce these negative impacts synthetic chemical, entomopathogenic nematode (NEP) was chosen as one of the more environmentally friendly control techniques. This study aims to obtain NEP isolates, population density and virulence against S. frugiperda. This research was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Bengkulu University from December 2019 to April 2020. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of NEP concentrations : 0 Jl / ml; 200 Jl / 1ml; 400 Jl / 2ml; 600 Jl / 3ml originating from Bengkulu and Kepahiang isolates. Each experiment consisted of 3 S. frugiperda larvae. The results showed that the NEP obtained from each region, namely the genus Steinermatidae. Population density  of 9,005 NEP / 5ml in the Kepahiang area and 6,837 NEP / 5ml in the Bengkulu region. NEP virulence test against S. frugiperda larvae showed that  200 Jl / ml concentration was able to control S. frugiperda in maize , and can kill pests within 4 days. With an LC50 value of 163.5 Jl / ml in Kepahiang isolates and 186.5 Jl / ml in Bengkulu isolates.