bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esporotricose felina com envolvimento humano na cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil
Authors: Xavier Melissa Orzechowski , Nobre Márcia de Oliveira , Sampaio Junior Daiser Paulo , Antunes Tatiana de Ávila , Nascente Patrícia da Silva , Sória Flávia Biasoli de Araújo , Meireles Mário Carlos Araújo
Published: December 2006

A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea, causada pelo fungo dimórfico Sporothrix schenckii. O presente estudo descreve a ocorrência de esporotricose felina na cidade de Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil), e a transmissão para um atendente da clínica veterinária, ocasionada pela arranhadura do animal doente. O felino apresentava deformação do espelho nasal e lesões cutâneas, enquanto o humano apresentava uma lesão ulcerada na região metacarpiana dorsal esquerda. Foram colhidas crostas e/ou exsudato das lesões do felino e do atendente para diagnóstico micológico, os quais foram cultivados em ágar Sabouraud dextrose acrescido de cloranfenicol e incubados a 25 e 37°C, durante 10 dias. O isolamento do S. schenckii confirmou o diagnóstico clínico de esporotricose cutânea disseminada no felino e cutânea localizada no atendente. Esta nota pretende alertar profissionais relacionados à clínica de pequenos animais quanto à existência da doença e o alto risco de transmissão pela mordedura e/ou arranhadura de animais infectados.
Temperatura e embalagens na conservação pós-colheita de Eugenia uvalha Cambess - Mirtaceae
Authors: Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Dell’Olio Paolo , Fornasieri José Luiz
Published: December 2006

Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de embalagens para modificar a atmosfera e a temperatura de armazenamento sobre a perda de massa e sobre os atributos de qualidade da uvaia (Eugenia uvallha). No início do experimento e após 1, 2, 3 e 4 dias de armazenamento, à temperatura ambiente (32ºC) e 3, 6, 9, e 12 dias de armazenamento, sob refrigeração (13ºC), as uvaias foram pesadas e avaliadas quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT) e pH. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 (temperaturas) x 3 (embalagens) x 5 (dias de armazenamentos) com três repetições de 20 uvaias. A perda média de massa das uvaias armazenadas sem embalagem (8,46%) foi 2,3 e 19,5 vezes maior que daquelas embaladas em PVC (3,71%) e "CF film" (0,44%), respectivamente. As uvaias embaladas conservaram a aparência e qualidade para comercialização quando armazenadas até quatro dias a 30ºC e 12 dias em refrigerador. SST, ATT e pH variaram durante o armazenamento.
Enxerto ósseo esponjoso autólogo em pequenos animais
Authors: Santos Fernanda Carpi dos , Rahal Sheila Canevese
Published: December 2006

O enxerto ósseo esponjoso autólogo é formado por osso trabecular, poroso e altamente celular. Visto ser de fundamental importância na cirurgia ortopédica de pequenos animais, o trabalho teve por objetivo discorrer sobre a função, locais de colheita, cuidados, formas de aplicação, indicações e contra-indicações desse enxerto. Ele estimula a formação óssea devido ao fornecimento de células vivas e fatores de crescimento, mas não possui suporte mecânico. A asa do ílio craniodorsal, úmero proximal, tíbia proximal e fêmur distal, são os locais de colheita mais utilizados em cães. A asa do ílio consiste no local mais satisfatório para gatos. Para maximizar a incorporação do enxerto com o tecido hospedeiro, devem ser tomados alguns cuidados entre a colheita e a transferência para a área receptora. Além disso, pode ser aplicado sem compressão dentro do local recipiente. A freqüência de complicações é considerada baixa.
Síndrome ascítica em frangos de corte: uma revisão sobre a fisiologia, avaliação e perspectivas
Authors: Rosário Millor Fernandes do , Silva Marco Aurélio Neves da , Coelho Antonio Augusto Domingos , Savino Vicente José Maria
Published: December 2006

Os programas de melhoramento genético de frangos de corte que buscam máxima velocidade de ganho de peso, alta eficiência alimentar, alta viabilidade, maior rendimento de carcaça e menor deposição de gordura podem desencadear algumas síndromes fisiológicas, dentre as quais destacam-se o estresse calórico, a morte súbita e a ascite. A ascite se enquadra no conceito das síndromes multifatoriais, uma vez que sua manifestação ocorre quando certos fatores genéticos e ambientais atuam em conjunto determinando o processo. As limitações anatômica e fisiológica da circulação sanguínea nos pulmões provocam a síndrome de hipertensão pulmonar (PHS); esta pode provocar grande acúmulo de fluido na cavidade abdominal, quadro este denominado de ascite. Ocorre redução da eficiência da circulação sangüínea, levando as aves à morte por hipóxia, predominantemente no período entre 30 e 40 dias de idade. Uma vez desencadeado o processo ascítico, a ave dificilmente é aproveitada no abate já que a mesma restringe o consumo de alimento, ganhando menos peso. Adicionalmente, a carcaça apresenta aumento do volume da cavidade abdominal e conseqüente congestão dos órgãos internos. A descrição da fisiologia, medidas de avaliação e perspectivas são apresentadas neste trabalho.
Dignidade, celibato e bom comportamento: relatos sobre a profissão de modelo e manequim no Brasil dos anos 1960
Authors: Bonadio Maria Claudia
Published: December 2006

Através de relatos orais de ex-participantes do grupo de criação e desenvolvimento da publicidade da Rhodia Têxtil nos anos 1960, o artigo analisa as diferenças e semelhanças de percepções presentes nas rememorações de homens e mulheres sobre a profissão de modelo e manequim e mais especificamente as "manequins exclusivas Rhodia" no período.
Mi cigarro, mi Singer, y la revolución mexicana: la danza ciudadana de Nellie Campobello
Authors: Pratt Mary Louise
Published: December 2006

La autora propone en estas páginas trazar el perfil de la revolución mexicana en las dos obras narrativas principales de Nellie Campobello, Cartucho de 1931 y Las manos de mamá de 1937, y vincular estas con su práctica dancística desarrollada durante los mismo años. El articulo subraya el experimentalismo de ambas, enfocando la búsqueda de una forma alternativa dehistoricidad para contar los eventos de la revolución y el desarrollo de una ópticafeminocéntrica sobre el estado de guerra. Finalmente, trata de situar la obra de Campobello dentro de una lectura de la revolución mexicana como una revolución sexual.
Trampas do traje
Authors: Corrêa Mariza
Published: December 2006

O fato de que o melhor da poesia latino-americana no século dezessete tivesse se encarnado numa autora, numa época em que as mulheres eram em geral iletradas, já é, por si só, algo que merece reflexão. O fato de que, ao contrário do que dizem vários dos comentaristas de sua obra, ela não se masculinizou, mas que, sim, seus interlocutores foram obrigados a se feminizar para se opor a ela, também parece interessante. O artigo faz uma breve incursão pelo mundo de Sor Juana, na esperança de que ela venha a ser mais conhecida dos leitores brasileiros.
"Gênero" para um dicionário marxista: a política sexual de uma palavra
Authors: Haraway Donna
Published: December 2006

A autora conta suas desventuras teóricas após aceitar escrever um verbete sobre "gênero" para um dicionário marxista reputado. Em suas próprias palavras: "Além disso, mesmo se Marx e Engels - ou até Gayle Rubin - não se aventuraram pela sexologia, medicina ou biologia em suas discussões sobre sexo/gênero, ou sobre a questão da mulher, eu sabia que teria de fazê-lo. Ao mesmo tempo, estava claro que outras GRANDES correntes dos escritos feministas modernos sobre sexo, sexualidade e gênero se entrelaçavam constantemente mesmo com as mais modestas interpretações de minha encomenda. A maioria delas, talvez especialmente as correntes psicanalítica e literária do feminismo francês e inglês, não aparece em meu verbete sobre Geschlecht. De modo geral, o verbete abaixo focaliza os escritos das feministas norte-americanas. Este não é um escândalo trivial."
Hannah Arendt - Rahel Levin: duas biografias, sujeito e espelho
Authors: Rapchan Eliane Sebeika
Published: December 2006

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a biografia de Rahel Levin produzida por Hannah Arendt com o intuito de abordar a complexidade desse exercício que revela tanto aspectos metodológicos, quanto dimensões sócio-antropológicas e intelectuais da autora e de seu tema. A análise desse trabalho biográfico, somada a outras fontes conduziu à descoberta de aspectos dos usos adotados por Arendt para o método biográfico, questões relacionadas à identidade e ao surgimento da categoria "indivíduo" na Europa a partir do século XVIII, ao lado de aspectos sutis do pensamento da biógrafa bem como suas relações com a mulher cuja vida a fascinou.
"Traficos fronterizos": introducción a la problemática de la adopción de niños en Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Tarducci Mónica
Published: December 2006

Misiones, la provincia del nordeste argentino, ha sido historicamente el "paraíso de las adopciones" por la rapidez y la facilidad legal de la guarda pre-adoptiva, la oferta numerosa de niños y su apreciado color de piel, propio de la poblacion del este de Europa que colonizó el territorio. En los últimos años se habla de "venta de niños" a familias extranjeras, lo que constituiría tráfico de personas ya que la ley impide la adopción internacional. Analizaremos en el articulo las consecuencias que esas denuncias tienen en la vida de las personas que viven allí.
Jogos de gênero: o recreio numa escola de ensino fundamental
Authors: Cruz Tânia Mara , Carvalho Marília Pinto de
Published: December 2006

Baseado em pesquisa etnográfica realizada em 2001 numa escola pública de São Paulo, este artigo trata das relações de gênero entre crianças de 7 a 10 anos, especialmente durante os recreios. Focamos as interações conflituosas entre os sexos, buscando revelar as múltiplas nuances dos jogos de poder que ações aparentemente similares escondiam. Ao articular o conceito de conflito a significados simultaneamente lúdicos e de agressividade, passamos a compreendê-lo como "jogos de gênero", um dos modos possíveis de sociabilidade nas relações entre meninos e meninas.
Afinal, quem é mesmo pedófilo?
Authors: Felipe Jane
Published: December 2006

O presente artigo busca problematizar alguns dos aspectos pertinentes ao debate contemporâneo em torno das "novas" modalidades de experimentação dos desejos erótico-sexuais, em especial a pedofilia/o pedófilo, discutindo os modos pelos quais tais conceitos vêm sendo re-significados nos últimos anos. A partir do referencial teórico dos Estudos Culturais e dos Estudos de Gênero, numa abordagem pós-estruturalista de análise, pretendo mostrar que, apesar das tentativas de aprisionar/categorizar/ normatizar determinados comportamentos em torno da sexualidade, a partir de campos de conhecimento específicos, estes escorregam, escapam, vazam, nos sentidos que lhes são atribuídos.
Violência sexual contra crianças na mídia impressa: gênero e geração
Authors: Landini Tatiana Savoia
Published: December 2006

O presente trabalho objetiva resgatar o que foi publicado sobre violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes por um jornal de grande circulação, O Estado de S.Paulo. A pesquisa abrangeu o século XX e cobre as diversas formas de violência sexual: incesto, crimes violentos cometidos por estranhos, crimes contra a honra, lenocínio e prostituição, pornografia infantil e pedofilia. Apresento o material em dois blocos: o primeiro reporta ao início do século e o segundo ao final do período, procurando chamar a atenção para a forma como os crimes sexuais eram noticiados e para os sentimentos sociais presentes nesses textos. Na conclusão, analiso as principais transformações na forma do jornal noticiar a violência sexual.
Trabalho infantil em Franca: um laboratório das lutas sociais em defesa da criança e do adolescente
Authors: Sartori Elisiane
Published: December 2006

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o processo de conscientização e mobilização em torno do tema trabalho da criança, as lutas sociais no combate à sua eliminação e o processo de implementação de um dos programas mais atuantes na área - o IPEC (Programa Internacional de Eliminação do Trabalho Infantil). Através de um breve retrospecto histórico sobre a entrada do tema trabalho da criança na agenda nacional e internacional, descrevo a atuação dos atores sociais que fizeram parte da discussão e da criação de projetos e de programas de erradicação do trabalho infantil, discutindo a consolidação dos movimentos sociais em defesa das crianças e dos adolescentes. A análise das representações do trabalho infantil na família e no cotidiano das crianças e dos adolescentes está atravessada pela questão de gênero, observada nas falas das crianças e adolescentes, bem como de suas famílias.
Diferença, diversidade, diferenciação
Authors: Brah Avtar
Published: December 2006

A primeira parte do texto trata das várias noções de "diferença" que surgiram na recente controvérsia sobre a categoria "negro" (black) como sinal comum para a experiência de grupos africanos-caribenhos e do sul da Ásia na Grã-Bretanha do pós-guerra. O objetivo é assinalar como "negro" operou como sinal contingente em diferentes circunstâncias políticas. A segunda seção considera as maneiras como questões de "diferença" foram enquadradas na teoria e na prática feministas durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980, tendo como foco principal o debate britânico. A autora conclui com um breve exame de algumas categorias conceituais usadas na teorização da "diferença", sugerindo um novo quadro para análise.
Subjetividades e aspirações: os movimentos de juventude na Alemanha (1918-1933)
Authors: Haroche Claudine
Published: December 2006

As sociedades contemporâneas apresentam formas paradoxais e inéditas de vínculo e de como se constituir em comunidade. A oscilação entre a fusão e o medo do contato, característica do modo de vínculo contemporâneo, traduz um deslocamento do espírito de corpo. Pretende-se, aqui, através da discussão dos modelos de comportamento e tipos de aspiração psicológica, afetiva e moral, presentes nas associações profissionais, nas confrarias e nos movimentos de jovens - e em particular por meio do estudo dos movimentos de juventude da Alemanha pós-guerra de 1914 - considerar os mecanismos de funcionamento das sociedades contemporâneas e alguns de seus fenômenos, tais como o culto à juventude, o espírito clânico e os movimentos sectários.
Entre prevenir e normalizar, que lugar terá o sofrimento da criança?
Authors: Hachet Amal
Published: December 2006

Trata-se de discutir, por meio da observação de um menino de 4 anos, recebido em psicoterapia dentro das consultas de Buttes-Chaumont, o paradoxo inerente à expectativa social ante o analista de crianças: uma normalização.
Ética e política: a psicanálise diante da realidade, dos ideais e das violências contemporâneos
Authors: Rosa Miriam Debieux , Carignato Taeco Toma , Berta Sandra Letícia
Published: December 2006

Procura-se demonstrar como os discursos a que são expostos os sujeitos do capitalismo avançado indicam um modo de laço que empurra o sujeito violentamente ao gozo, seja sob a forma de consumo e lucro, seja sob a forma de sofrimento. Sua estratégia é propor aos sujeitos uma realidade posta (imposta), que os abstém dos dilemas éticos, o que gera, para além do mal-estar, violências. Ressituar o sujeito e a ética como elementos indissociáveis aponta para uma política de resistência à instrumentalização social do gozo.
Pulsão de morte como efeito de supereu
Authors: Rudge Ana Maria
Published: December 2006

Diante da relativa indefinição da noção de pulsão de morte, assim como das grandes controvérsias a que deu lugar, a autora sugere que ao cunhar essa noção Freud apenas sinalizou sua preocupação com os fatos clínicos que ainda não tinha levado convenientemente em conta, e que só depois, com o desenvolvimento da teoria do supereu, ele consegue de fato cunhar ferramentas teóricas para a clínica dos quadros de atração pelo sofrimento e pela dor.
Winnicott, Bergson, Lacan: tempo e psicanálise
Authors: Gondar Jô
Published: December 2006

O artigo trabalha as concepções de Winnicott e Lacan a respeito do tempo. Em Winnicott, o tempo é pensado no plano da diferença ontológica, enquanto que Lacan privilegia a diferença sexual. Pretende-se mostrar como essas duas idéias a respeito da temporalidade implicam distintas concepções sobre a constituição subjetiva, assim como diferentes estratégias clínicas. Com relação ao tempo, Winnicott será associado ao filósofo Henri Bergson e à sua noção de duração.
Activity determination of Na+ K+ - ATPase and Mg++ - ATPase enzymes in the gill of Poecilia vivipara (Osteichthyes, Cyprinodontiformes) in different salinities
Authors: Amaral Marcelo da Cunha , Bonecker Ana Cristina Teixeira , Ortiz Cláudio H. D.
Published: December 2006

This work aimed to know the tolerance mechanisms through the salinity variation by Na+ K+ - ATPase and Mg++ - ATPase and enzymes encountered in the gills of Poecilia vivipara. In field, the presence of this species was observed in salinities of 0 and 28‰. In laboratory, these fish were maintained in aquarium with mean salinity of 30‰ and positive responses were obtained. Some adult specimens, collected in a lagoon of the Coqueiros Beach, were utilized as matrixes. In the experiments the specimens used were those born in the test aquarium. For each salinity studied three replicates were made with three specimens for each one. The alevins were maintained in salinities of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35‰ during a month for adaptation. Gills were extracted in appropriate buffer for isolation of plasma membrane and used for specific dosage of the total enzymatic activity of Na+ K+ - ATPase and Mg++ - ATPase. The relation of alevins to their adaptation towards the salinity variation was also studied. The activity of the two enzymes showed a different result. The major expression of Na+ K+ - ATPase was observed in 20‰ (35 µmoles Pi.mg protein.h-1), the best salinity to cultivate P. vivipara.
Biochemical taxonomy of Crenicichla (Pisces: Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the Iguaçu River, Brazil
Authors: Renesto Erasmo , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique , Revaldaves Eloísa
Published: December 2006

Samples of Crenicichla iguassuensis and a morph from the Iguaçu River which differed from C. iguassuensis by its lips morphology were examined by isozyme starch electrophoresis technique. The analysis of 27 enzyme loci exhibited a genetic identity of 0.993 between the two morphs. No diagnostic locus was found that permitted to distinguish the two Crenicichla morphs. The data obtained in this investigation did not support the existence of two distinct species for this genus in the Iguaçu River, which suggested that the morphs stood for two polymorphic forms of Crenicichla iguassuensis.
Relationships among oil content, protein content and seed size in soybeans
Authors: Marega Filho Mario , Destro Deonisio , Miranda Lilian Azevedo , Spinosa Wilma Aparecida , Carrão-Panizzi Mercedes Concórdia , Montalván Ricardo
Published: December 2006

During 1995/96 and 1996/97, experiments were carried out at Londrina State University, aiming at quantifying the oil and protein contents in two groups of soybean genotypes; estimating the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations existent among oil, protein content and seed size, and identifying genotypes for direct human consumption with high protein content. The evaluated characters were Weight of a Hundred Seeds (WHS), expressed in grams/100 seeds, Oil Content (OC) and Protein Content (PC), expressed in %. In the experiment carried out in the field, OC ranged from 12 to 20.37 % and PC from 35.66 to 41.75% while in the experiment carried out in the greenhouse OC ranged from 12.26 to 21.79 % and PC from 32.95 to 41.56 % . The correlations between oil and protein were negative and significant. The relationship among WHS with OC and PC was low and higly affected by the time effect. Due to their high protein content and stability to oil and protein contents, there were distinction among the treatments carried out in the field (GA23 and GA20), and those carried out in the greenhouse (PI408251, Waseda, B6F4 (L-3 less), PI423909 and Tambagura).
Compression induced intercellular shaping for some geometric cellular lattices
Authors: Calbo Adonai Gimenez , Nery Amauri Alves
Published: December 2006

The wall perimeter fraction, which contact neighboring cells, was named compression ratio (alpha). A zero compression ratio indicates maximum intercellular (air) volume (vG, v/v) and neglectable contact among cells, while alpha=1 indicates complete adherence between neighboring cells and no vG in the lattice. The maximum intercellular air volume (beta, v/v), when alpha=0, was 0.593 for triangular, 0.2146 for square and 0,0931 for hexagonal lattices. The equation alpha=1- (vG/beta)½ was derived to relate alpha, beta and vG in the studied lattices. The relation (P S=p/alpha) between cell turgor (P S) and the tissue aggregating pressure (p), defined as the compression to keep in place a layer of cells, was demonstrated using the compression ratio concept. Intercellular deformations of Ipomea batatas L. roots obtained with pressure chamber were used to test alpha, vG, p and P S as a function of compression. Volumetric and transversal elastic extensibilities and the lamella media tearing forces were obtained and alpha constancy was considered as a criteria of cellular shape stability.
Morphology and anatomy of the vegetative organs and scapes from Aphorocaulon (Paepalanthus, Eriocaulaceae)
Authors: Scatena Vera Lúcia , Rosa Michele Marcelino
Published: December 2006

The roots, stems, scapes and leaves anatomy of species of Paepalanthus subsect. Aphorocaulon were studied. The plants showed short stems with rosulate leaves and possessed an aerial axis branching, the paraclades. These species had roots with uniseriate epidermis and cortex with isodiametric cells. Short stems and paraclades presented a thickening resulting from the activity of the pericycle named prymary thickening meristem (PTM). They presented a similar anatomical feature. The scapes presented discontinuous endodermis, sinuous pericycle, and the cortex had proeminent ribs (5-6) and the leaves showed epidermis with elongated cells in the longitudinal orientation, cell walls slightly thickened, stomata present only on the abaxial surface, with special leaf substomatal chambers, collateral vascular bundles with a double sheath. Those anatomical characteristics are common to Aphorocaulon species and are those typical of plants that grow in the rupestrian field habitats.
Changes in amylase activity starch and sugars contents in mango fruits pulp cv. Tommy Atkins with spongy tissue
Authors: Lima Luiz Carlos de Oliveira , Chitarra Adimilson Bosco , Chitarra Maria Isabel F.
Published: December 2006

Changes in amylase activity, starch and reducing and non-reducing sugars contents were monitored during ripening of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). The climateric raising in mango fruit is marked by an appreciable increase in the activity of amylase, reducing and non-reducing sugars contents and decrease in the starch content. The fruit affected with spongy tissue exhibited much lower amylase activity and reducing and non-reducing sugars, but exhibited much higher starch content during storage at 12 ± 2° C and 90 ± 5% RH for 28 days, when compared to healthy tissue of ‘Tommy Atkins’. Whether this is caused due to adverse effects on certain enzyme activities during ripening is not clearly known. These dates showed that carbohydrate metabolism is an important feature during ripening of mango.
Anticholinesterase effect of eserine (physostigmine) in fish and crustacean species
Authors: Monserrat José M. , Bianchini Adalto
Published: December 2006

The kinetic characteristic (Km) of cholinesterase from the crab Chasmagnathus granulata, the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis and the fish Odontesthes bonaeriensis were compared and correlated with the anticholinesterasic effect of eserine (physostigmine). For the crustaceans, the estimated Km values were about 5-8 times higher than that estimated for the fish (0.04 mM). In the crab and the shrimp, the concentration of eserine which inhibited 50% of cholinesterase activity (IC50) was estimated as 5.33x10-4 and 4.33x10-4 mM, respectively. In both cases, it was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that estimated for the fish larvae (7.43x10-5 mM). A high Km could reflect a lower affinity of the cholinesterase for its natural substrate, acetylcholine, or for substrate analogues such as carbamates and organophosphorous pesticides. If we consider the IC50 for eserine as an index of enzyme susceptibility to pesticide inhibition, the cholinesterase from the fish larvae may be a better useful tool in assays for pesticide biomonitoring than that from crustacean species.
Studies on production of single cell protein by Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation of rice bran
Authors: Anupama  , Ravindra Pogaku
Published: December 2006

An attempt was made to apply the solid state fermentation (SSF) for the production of single cell protein (SCP) using oil free rice bran waste as substrate. A local isolate of Aspergillus niger, was used as protein source for the studies. Total proteins were extracted to estimate the mycelial biomass from the moldy bran. Carbonate-bicarbonate extraction buffer and a pH 10 was found to be most efficient among the buffers used for the extraction of the proteins from the organism. The effect of supplementation by various sources of nitrogen and mineral solution on the final biomass yield was compared. The influence of C/N ratio on the protein yield was also studied. Sodium nitrate at C/N ratio of 1.387 was found to be an effective nitrogen-supplementing source, as it gave the higher biomass yield.
Studies on probiotics properties of two lactobacillus strains
Authors: Brizuela María Antonieta , Serrano Paulina , Pérez Yovanka
Published: December 2006

"In vitro" studies were carried out for the selection of Lactobacillus strains with probiotics characteristics. Two strains of Lactobacillus were evaluated for the growth specific rate, generation time, acids, bile and antimicrobial resistances. "In vitro" tests indicated that the strains presented a potential for being used as probiotics.
Diet of Iheringichthys labrosus (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) in the Itaipu Reservoir, Paraná River, Brazil-Paraguay
Authors: Abes Sara da Silva , Agostinho Angelo Antonio , Okada Edson Kiyoshi , Gomes Luiz Carlos
Published: December 2006

Iheringichthys labrosus is a secondary commercial fish species in the Itaipu Reservoir, but it is important in other reservoirs of the basin. However, little information exists about this species in the literature. The purpose of this study was to describe the diet of this species in the Itaipu Reservoir. Stomachs of 306 fishes were analyzed, collected from October 1994 to September 1996 in the differents zones of the reservoir (according to a longitudinal gradient). The reservoir was separated into riverine (upper reach), transitional (middle reach), and lacustrine (next to the dam) zones. Main items in the diet of I. labrosus were aquatic insects (mainly Chironomidae) and mollusks (mainly Bivalvia). Their presence in the diet did not vary according to zones. Also, there was little seasonal variation in the diet. This indicated a conservative diet that could be a result of the high abundance of the items in the reservoir, or restrictions imposed by its buccal and digestive apparatus.
Optimization of extraction parameters for recovery of alpha-amylase from the fermented bran of Bacillus circulans GRS313
Authors: Palit Soumen , Banerjee Rintu
Published: December 2006

The extraction of alpha-amylase in the solid state fermentation of wheat bran by Bacillus circulans GRS313 was optimized. Among various solvents tested, maximum extraction was achieved when 2.5% (v/v) glycerol was added. The optimum conditions for extraction were 2.5 hrs soaking time at 30° C under recirculation and agitated condition, which yielded 590 U/g bran of enzyme activity. Whereas under stationary soaking condition the activity of the enzyme was 439.58U/g bran. With repeated wash under the above optimum conditions showed that 600 U/g and 184.2 U/g of enzyme extracted in the 1st and 2nd washes respectively and only 36.84 U/g was recovered in the 3rd wash
Análises de Alguns Calcáreos Paranaenses
Authors: Leprevost Alsedo
Published: December 2006

Apesar da natural existência de grande oscilação em todos os teores, em uma mesma jazida, das análises expostas na tabela anexa podemos concluir que: 1) as amostras com teor MgO até 3%, representam 52,58% do total das análises; de 3 até 5, 7,62%; de 5 até 10, 6,77%; e acima de 10, 33,05%. 2) com teor em insolúvel até 5%, 54,23%; de 5 até 10, 16,10%; e acima de 10, 27,96%. 3) das análises em que se fez a dosagem do MnO, 47,27% deram resultado negativo. 4) com exceção da maior parte dos calcáreos brancos, todos os outros contém carbono grafítico. 5) os calcáreos da zona de Itaiacoca, Município de Ponta Grossa, além da mistura com silicato de magnésio, estão acompanhados de Mg (OH)² em teores variáveis. 6) apesar de algumas amostras de grandes jazidas apresentarem boa pureza, mister se torna um estudo rigoroso e completo das mesmas, de acordo com a finalidade, pois nelas existe grande variação, principalmente quanto ao MgO. 7) em virtude de terem sido as análises feitas em material na sua maioria enviado a este Instituto, as porcentagens calculadas nos itens acima referem-se somente às mesmas, não representando uma média no Estado.
Nuclear medicine in tropical diseases
Authors: Braga Francisco José Hossri Nogueira
Published: December 2006

Tropical diseases affect more people in the world than any other kind of disease, but scintigraphic data on that matter are not so frequent in the literature. Since the geographic regions where such diseases occur are normally very poor, scintillation cameras may not be available. We present a resumed summary of part of what has been done on this subject to-date. Leprosy affects circa 12 million people worldwide and has already been studied by means of the following scintigraphic exams: Gallium-67, 99mTc-MDP or HMDP, 99mTc-colloid or Dextran, 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-WBC. Paracoccidiodomycosis is a deep mycosis and such cases may be evaluated by means of Gallium-67, bone scintigraphy, lymphoscintigraphy, hepato-billiary, bone marrow and liver / spleen scintigraphies. Mycetoma is bone and soft tissue mycosis and gallim-67 and bone studies are very useful in the evaluation of such cases. Tuberculosis is the most well studied tropical disease and dozens of radiopharmaceuticals and techniques were described to evaluate such patients. Jorge Lobo’s disease is a rare mycosis that affects mainly indians from the Amazon region and gallium-67 was shown to accumulate in active disease. Neurocysticercosis is spread worldwide and brain SPECT (99mTc-ECD or 99mTc-HMPAO) is a very good tool for the functional evaluation of the disease. Patients suffering from Cutaneous and mucous leishmaniosis may benefit from Gallium-67 scintigraphy. Chagas’ disease may affect the heart and/or the digestive tract and several scintigraphic exams may be helpful in the evaluation of such cases (gated blood pool, heart perfusion tests, pharyngeal transit tests, gastric emptying tests, intestinal transit tests, hepato-billiary scintigraphy, among others). Scintigraphy should be more largely used in the functional evaluation of organs and systems of patients affected by topical diseases. It is a powerful tool to evaluate both the extent of disease and the efficacy of therapy.
Radionuclide imaging of the painful joint replacement: past, present and future
Authors: Palestro Christopher
Published: December 2006

Differentiating aseptic loosening from infection as the cause of prosthetic joint failure is difficult because both entities are similar, clinically and histopathologically. Aseptic loosening frequently results from an immune reaction to the prosthesis. There is inflammation with an influx of histiocytes, giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes are secreted, causing osteolysis and loosening. These same events occur in infection except that neutrophils, rarely present in aseptic loosening, are invariably present in infection. Clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, x-rays and joint aspiration are insensitive, nonspecific or both. Artifacts produced by the metallic hardware hamper cross-sectional imaging modalities. Radionuclide imaging is not affected by the presence of metallic hardware and is very useful for evaluating the painful prosthesis. Bone scintigraphy, with an accuracy of 50%-70% is a useful screening test, since a normal study effectively excludes a prosthetic complication. Adding gallium-67, a nonspecific inflammation-imaging agent, improves the accuracy of bone scintigraphy to 70%-80%. The accuracy of combined leukocyte/marrow imaging, 90%, is the highest among available radionuclide studies. Its success is due to the fact that leukocyte imaging is most sensitive for detecting neutrophil mediated inflammations. Inflammatory conditions that are neutrophil-poor, even though large numbers of other leukocytes may be present, (such as the aseptically loosened joint prosthesis) go undetected. The success of leukocyte/marrow imaging is tempered by the limitations of in-vitro labeling. In-vivo labeling has been investigated and a murine monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody appears promising. Some investigations have focused on F-18 FDG imaging, although specificity is a concern with this agent.
Infection imaging with radiopharmaceuticals in the 21st century
Authors: Das Satya S. , Hall Anne V. , Wareham David W. , Britton Keith E.
Published: December 2006

Infection continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nuclear medicine has an important role in aiding the diagnosis of particularly deep-seated infections such as abscesses, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, and infections of prosthetic devices. Established techniques such as radiolabelled leucocytes are sensitive and specific for inflammation but do not distinguish between infective and non-infective inflammation. The challenge for Nuclear medicine in infection imaging in the 21st century is to build on the recent trend towards the development of more infection specific radiopharmaceuticals, such as radiolabelled anti-infectives (e.g. 99mTc- ciprofloxacin). In addition to aiding early diagnosis of infection, through serial imaging these agents might prove very useful in monitoring the response to and determining the optimum duration of anti-infective therapy. This article reviews the current approach to infection imaging with radiopharmaceuticals and the future direction it might take.
Bone-seeking therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Srivastava Suresh C.
Published: December 2006

Bone-seeking therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are utilized on the basis of the radionuclide’s particulate emissions (primarily low to intermediate beta emission). The requirements therefore are different from those of bone imaging agents that consist mainly of short-lived single photon emitters. Lately, the therapeutic bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals have attained increasing importance due to their potential role in alleviating pain from osseous metastases in cancer patients, for the treatment of joint pain resulting from inflamed synovium (radiosynoviorthesis, or radiosynovectomy), or from various other forms of arthritic disease. There is, however, a paucity of published data on the bio-pharmacokinetics of these agents when used following intravenous administration for bone pain palliation. This paper will briefly review and summarize the presently available chemical and biopharmacokinetic information on the various clinically approved as well as experimental bone-localizing therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, and make projections on their clinical application for the treatment of primary/metastatic cancer in bone.
Targeted tumor radiotherapy
Authors: Unak Perihan
Published: December 2006

Targeted tumor radiotherapy is selectively delivery of curative doses of radiation to malignant sites. The aim of the targeted tumor radiotherapy is to use the radionuclides which have high LET particle emissions conjugated to appropriate carrier molecules. The radionuclides are selectively collected by tumor cells, depositing lethal doses to tumor cells while no admission occur to normal cells. In theory, targeted radiotherapy has several advantages over conventional radiotherapy since it allows a high radiation dose to be administered without causing normal tissue toxicity, although there are some limitations in the availability of appropriate targeting agents and in the calculations of administered doses. Therefore, for routine clinical applications more progress is still needed. In this article, the potential use of targeted tumor radiotherapy is briefly reviewed. More general aspects and considerations, such as potential radionuclides, mechanisms of tumor targeting was also outlined.
Is nuclear medicine really safe?
Authors: Colas-Linhart Nicole
Published: December 2006

In nuclear medicine, radiation absorbed dose estimates calculated by standard models at the whole body or organ are very low. At cellular level, however, the heterogeneity of radionuclide distributions of radiation dose patterns may be significant. We present here absorbed doses at cellular level and evaluate their possible impact on the usually assumed risk/benefit relationships in nuclear medicine studies. The absorbed dose values calculated are surprisingly high, and are difficult to interpret. In the present study, we show calculated doses at the cellular level and discuss possible biological consequences, for two radiopharmaceuticals labelled with technetium-99m: human serum albumin microspheres used for pulmonary scintigrapies and HMPAO used to labelled leukocytes.
Trends in biological dosimetry: an overview
Authors: Amaral Ademir
Published: December 2006

Biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) is based on investigations of induced biological effects (biomarkers) in order to correlate them with radiation dose. Among the indicators employed in biodosimetry, scoring of chromosome aberrations is the most reliable method to quantify individual exposure to ionizing radiation. The technique, applied to circulating lymphocytes, has been developed into a routine procedure to evaluate the dose in the case of real or suspected accidental exposure. Considering the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo as being the same, the dose effect relationship obtained after in vitro irradiation of blood has been widely used, with medico-legal value, for evaluating individual radiation exposure. This report presents an overview of strengths, limitations and perspectives on biodosimetry.
Two decades of radiological accidents direct causes, roots causes and consequences
Authors: Rozental Jose de Julio
Published: December 2006

Practically all Countries utilize radioisotopes in medicine, industry, agriculture and research. The extent to which ionizing radiation practices are employed varies considerably, depending largely upon social and economic conditions and the level of technical skills available in the country. An overview of the majority of practices and the associated hazards will be found in the Table IV to VII of this document. The practices in normal and abnormal operating conditions should follow the basic principles of radiation protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources, considering the IAEA Radiation Protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources, Safety Series 120 and the IAEA Recommendation of the Basic Safety Standards for Radiation Protection, Safety Series Nº 115. The Standards themselves underline the necessity to be able to predict the radiological consequences of emergency conditions and the investigations that should need to be done. This paper describes the major accidents that had happened in the last two decades, provides a methodology for analyses and gives a collection of lessons learned. This will help the Regulatory Authority to review the reasons of vulnerabilities, and to start a Radiation safety and Security Programme to introduce measurescapable to avoid the recurrence of similar events. Although a number of accidents with fatalities have caught the attention of the public in recent year, a safety record has accompanied the widespread use of radiation sources. However, the fact that accidents are uncommon should not give grounds for complacency. No radiological accident is acceptable. From a radiation safety and security of the sources standpoint, accident investigation is necessary to determine what happened, why, when, where and how it occurred and who was (were) involved and responsible. The investigation conclusion is an important process toward alertness and feedback to avoid careless attitudes by improving the comprehension of Safety Performance and Safety Culture. Accident investigation is the first step toward avoiding future injures and financial losses, by prevention of recur recurrence. On the other hand, accident investigation is also essential for the establishment of the responsibilities and liability for the consequences. This document discuss the main accidents that have happened in the last two decades, in terms of causes, consequences, similarities and lessons learned when sealed sources have been damaged, lost, stolen and abandoned. In considerable majority death and serious injuries were resulted from failures in the safety system for radiation sources and for the security of radioactive materials.
Drug interaction with radiopharmaceuticals: effect on the labeling of red blood cells with technetium-99m and on the bioavailability of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Gomes Maria Luisa , Oliveira Marcia B. Nunes de , Bernardo-Filho Mario
Published: December 2006

The evidence that natural and synthetic drugs can affect radiolabeling or bioavailability of radiopharmaceuticals in setting of nuclear medicine clinic is already known. However, this drug interaction with radiopharmaceuticals (DIR) is not completely understood. Several authors have described the effect of drugs on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m (99mTc) and on the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals. When the DIR is known, if desirable or undesirable, the natural consequence is a correct diagnosis. However, when it is unknown, it is undesirable and the consequences are the possibility of misdiagnosis and/or the repetition of the examination with an increase of radiation dose to the patient. The possible explanation to the appearance of DIR are (a) radiopharmaceutical modification, (b) alteration of the labeling efficiency of the radiopharmaceutical, (c) modification of the target, (d) modification of no target and/or the (e) alteration of the binding of the radiopharmaceutical on the blood proteins. The effect of drugs on the labeling of blood elements with 99mTc might be explained by (i) a direct inhibition (chelating action) of the stannous and pertechnetate ions, (ii) damage induced in the plasma membrane, (iii) competition of the cited ions for the same binding sites, (iv) possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion and/or (v) direct oxidation of the stannous ion. In conclusion, the development of biological models to study the DIR is highly relevant.
Lead behavior in soil treated with contaminated sewage sludge and cultivated with maize
Authors: Barriquelo Marcilene Ferrari , Juliatti Marinês Aparecida , Silva Margarete Soares da , Lenzi Ervim
Published: December 2006

Lead (Pb) behavior was studied in soil treated twice with sewage sludge contaminated with lead at interval of 18 months. Soil samples received five different treatments: three with lead [0 (reference); 2,500; 5,000 mug g-1] and two with a mixture of lead and cadmium (interferer) (2,500 + 2,500 and 5,000 + 5,000 mug g-1, respectively). Vases containing treated soil were cultivated with maize in a greenhouse for 75 days. Pb was extracted using nitric perchloric digestion and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The soil, containing sewage sludge contaminated by lead presented a higher concentration of Pb. The metal concentration remained constant in all treatments at 20-60 cm depth. No absorption of Pb by the plants was detected.
Genetic diversity in passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) evaluated by RAPD markers
Authors: Crochemore Maria Lúcia , Molinari Hugo Bruno Correa , Vieira Luiz Gonzaga Esteves
Published: December 2006

The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity within a Passiflora collection by PCR-RAPD markers. Genetic analysis was performed in 70 accessions, representing 11 species of the genus Passiflora. The use of only five primers produced 136 reproducible polymorphic bands. The hierarchical classification showed high levels of dissimilarities between and within the species studied. A clear separation was obtained among species and accessions of P. edulis and P. edulis f. flavicarpa, which were forms of the high commercial value species. The fingerprints produced from the studied genotypes would allow the identification of improved varieties/populations in an easy, fast and inexpensive manner.
Copper adsorption in tropical oxisols
Authors: Silveira Maria Lucia Azevedo , Alleoni Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú
Published: December 2006

Cu adsorption, at concentrations between 0 to 800 mg L-1, was evaluated in surface and subsurface samples of three Brazilian soils: a heavy clayey-textured Rhodic Hapludalf (RH), a heavy clayey-textured Anionic ''Rhodic'' Acrudox (RA) and a medium-textured Anionic ''Xanthic'' Acrudox (XA). After adsorption, two consecutive extractions were performed to the samples which received 100 mg L-1 copper. Surface samples adsorbed higher amounts of Cu than the subsurface, and exhibited lower Cu removed after the extractions, reinforcing the influence of the organic matter in the reactions. Cu adsorption was significant in the subsurface horizons of the Oxisols, despite the positive balance of charge, demonstrating the existence of mechanisms for specific adsorption, mainly related to the predominance of iron and aluminum oxides in the mineral fractions. In these samples, Cu was easily removed from the adsorption sites. RH demonstrated a higher capacity for the Cu adsorption in both horizons.
Comparison between the SPD and the SPDS methods for segregating generation advancement in soybean
Authors: Destro Deonisio , Bizeti Henrique Stoco , Garcia Leandro Anderlin , Fonseca Inês Cristina de Batista , Montalván Ricardo , Miglioranza Édison
Published: December 2006

The purpose of this work was to compare the SPD (Single Pod Descent) and SPDS (Single Pod Descent with Selection) methods for segregating generation advancement in soybean breeding. Sixteen populations derived from crosses among Japanese and adapted Brazilian soybean were used. The traits, number of days to flowering (NDF) and to maturity (NDM), plant height at flowering (PHF) and at maturity (PHM), and individual plant yield (IPY) were assessed. The populations obtained by SPDS showed values close to the variation in the populations obtained by SPD. Regression through the origin showed that both methods were equivalent for NDM in the F3 generation and for NDF in the F4 generation. For all other trait/generation combinations, SPDS yielded superior means. Therefore, it was preferable to use SPDS because it allowed the advance of generations with smaller population size.