bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAGRAV2: An interactive magnetics and gravity modelling program for IBM-compatible microcomputers
Authors: Broome J
Published: March 2017

MAGRAV2 is an interactive program for modelling magnetic and gravity data that runs on IBM personal computers (IBM-PC), or compatibles. The program allows forward and inverse 2 1/2 -dimensional modelling of gravity and magnetic anomalies from up to 15 bodies.
Bodies are defined by their vertical cross-section and their strike extent. The program is written for a microcomputer equipped with a high-resolution colour monitor in addition to a standard text monitor. The high-resolution colour monitor is used to display measured and calculated anomalies as
well as the colour-coded body cross-sections while the text monitor displays only text information. Program control from either a graphics tablet or the keyboard is possible. The software is written in Microsoft FORTRAN 77 with one 8088/ 8086 assembler subroutine for sound generation. Colour
graphics are handled by the Halo graphics subroutine library. Halo is device-intelligent, allowing this software to be adapted to numerous different graphics peripherals. This user's guide corresponds to version 1.5 of the program. Other software for this workstation configuration allowing display
and enhancement of geophysical imagery is also available (GSC Open File 1581).
Canadian seismograph operations - 1980
Authors: Shannon W E , Halliday R J , Schieman D R J , Lombardo F
Published: March 2017

At the end of 1980 the Division of Seismology and Geothermal Studies of the Earth Physics Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources operated or contracted the operation of 18 standard seismograph stations, 24 regional stations, 2 telemetered networks
based at Ottawa and Sidney, B.C., a medium aperture array at Yellowknife, a strong-motion seismograph network on the West Coast and several special or temporary seismographs. This report gives the characteristics of the various systems and describes the format and availability of the recorded
data.
A Magnetometer Array in Grenville Province For Investigation of An Island-arc Closure in S.e. Ontario.
Authors: Clark J F , Niblett E R , Delaurier J M
Published: March 2017

In October and November 1975 five recording magnetometers were set out in southeastern Ontario to study induction effects in the Grenville between Ottawa and Haliburton. Geological evidence suggests that an ancient <~ 1250 Ma) continental margin
lies within this region . Recordings of variations in X, y and z components were obtained at four stations which were compared with Ottawa magnetic observatory . Only small differences in amplitude of corresponding components were observed from one station to another, and major inhomogeneities in
the electrical properties of the crust therefore are not evident. While an electrical conductivity anomaly of significant magnitude was not found, there were differences at short periods in the magnetogram traces which are probably related to crustal structure. Geological and aeromagnetic maps of
the region were examined and revealed two large-scale magnetic signatures. These appear as two lineaments of anomalously high total magnetic intensity extending across the Grenville, trending northeasterly.
The Acoustic Properties of Methane Hydrate By Brillouin Spectroscopy.
Authors: Clouter M J , Kiefte H
Published: March 2017

The report describes the second phase of investigations of the acoustic properties of methane hydrate by Brillouin spectrocopy. Very importantly it concludes that the p-wave velocity of the structure 1 hydrate is 7% lower than for ice, thus confirming some
earlier theoretical work.
Investigation of Freezing Soils using Time Domain Reflectometry.
Authors: Smith M W , Patterson D E
Published: March 2017

The report describes the use of the time-domain reflectometry technique to determine soil freezing characteristic curves. In addition the influence of partial saturation, bulk density variation and percent clayon those characteristic curves is examined.
Preliminary evaluation suggests that excess ice contents may also be inferred by comparing the apparent dielectric constant for the icy soil with that measured at normal field density.
Some applications of the Boundary Integral Technique in stress analysis.
Authors: Wiles T D , Roegiers J C
Published: March 2017

In this report, the mathematical formulation and some of the advantages and possible uses for the boundary element process have been reviewed. The choice of singularity problem has been addressed and some real advantages of certain singularities over others have
been discussed. Constant, linear and quadratic elements have been compared. In addition, the problem areas in analysis and their effect on the resulting answer is presented.
Data Acquisition for the International Magnetospheric Study at the Churchill Array of Magnetic Variometer Stations
Authors: Plet F C , Jansen van Beek G
Published: March 2017

Review is made of the implementation of the Churchill Array of magnetic variometer stations undertaken as an Earth Physics Branch contribution to the International Magnetospheri c Study digital data acquisition program. Consisting of eight stations close to the
meridian of Fort Churchil 1, the array was maintained from September 1976 until mid-1980. Two separate recording systems (1 . EPB's on-site tape-logger; 2 . a real-time system telemetered via satellite to Boulder, Col. from six of the stations) were in concurrent service commencing in December 1977.
Data recovery problems occurred with each system and measures that were taken to resolve those difficulties for the EPB tape-logger record are discussed in the contexts of timing errors and noise interference. The software package developed to apply the corrective computer processing is outlined in
terms of its bearing on resultant data quality of the EPB system. Available data in EPB archival files are illustrated for the eight stations in the form of bar graphs. A recovery rate of ,,.__, 60% averaged over the total recording period was realized wi th the tape-loggers, representing edited
data of high quality and comparatively free of short gaps. An additional rv 10% coverage was retained at varying degrees of lesser quality (usable with restrictions). First quality data recovered by 1979 had improved to 7 3% for that year. Output from one of the stations is used to compare
the effectiveness of the two recording systems in retrieving data. Limited to a selected period when both systems were fully operational at the si te, the assessment is made of the extent and distribution of missing data. A general evaluation of resource and operations costs is given. All EPB data
files are stored on magnetic tape at the recording interval of 10-seconds or in a derived version comprising 1-minute averaged values in standard IAGA format. They are available to the Canadian and international user communities on request and on a cost recovery basis from EPB. The 1-minute data
have also been deposited with World Data Center A in Boulder in addition to (and se para te from) the satellite-relayed 1-minute data set from the Churchill Array.
Canadian earthquakes - 1980
Authors: Wetmiller R J , Horner R B , Stevens A E , Rogers G C
Published: March 2017

Le présent catal ogue énumèr e 238 tremblements de terre de magnitude égale ou superi eure à 3. 0 qui se sont produits au Canada et aux territoires avo i sinants des Etats- Unis et du Groenl and au cours de 1980. Les paramètres d '
épicentre et de magnitude sont classés par ordre chronologi que et selon la région d'origine; ils sont exposés sur cinq tableaux annexés et sont tracés sur sept cartes d'épicentres . Les tremblements de terre rapportés ressentis au Canada sont
énumérés sur les tableaux, où ils sont accompagnés des données reçues , et résumés sur un autre tableau . On présente également les cartes des intensités de sept tremblements de terre. Cent quarante tremblements de terre ont été
localisés au Canada ou au voisinage de ses côtes, dont 24 de magnitude 4. 0 à 4. 9, deux de magnitude 5. 0 à 5.3, et un de magnitude Ms 6. 8 . Les trois plus importants sont survenus à l'ouest de l'île Vancouver et les autres, de magnitude égale ou supérieure
à 4.0, en Colombie-Britannique (9), dans le Territoire du Yukon (6), dans les Territoires du Nord - Ouest (7), au Québec (1), et en Ontario (!) . En 1980, l'Alberta, la Saskatchewan et le Nouveau- Brunswick n'ont connu qu'une activité séismique de faible importance, tandis que
le Manitoba, la Nouvelle-Ecosse, l'île du Prince-Edouard et Terre-Neuve n'ont enregistré aucun tremblement de terre. Vingt-neuf tremblements de terre furent rapportés ressentis au Canada en 1980, dont quatre ayant leur épicentre au-delà de la frontière. Le Québec a
ressenti 10 tremblements de terre, !'Ontario, 8, la Colombie- Britannique, 6, la Saskatchewan, 3, l'Alberta, 1, et le Territoire du Yukon, 1 . Quatorze d'entre eux étaient de magnitude inférieure à 3.0. Deux tremblements de terre ont été largement ressentis: le premier, de
magnitude mb 4.9, près de l'île Vancouver, au sud - ouest de Gold River, le 07 mars à 21h, et le second, de magnitude mN 3.7, près de Saint- Basile, dans le sud du Québec, le 11 mars à 04h. Les deux séismes ont été ressentis à des distances allant de
120 à 150 km de l'épicentre. Le séisme survenu à Saint- Basile a provoqué quelques cas isolés des dégâts matériels mineurs (plâtre fissuré) dans certaines localités voisines. De même, un tremblement de terre d ' importance moyenne,
magnitude mb 5.1 , survenu du Kentucky a été perçu faiblement dans tout le sud de !'Ontario le 27 juillet à 18h. Outre les séismes importants, on a tracé sur les cartes et catalogué sur bande magnétique les paramètres d'épicentre et de magnitude de
685 tremblements de terre de magnitude inférieure à 3. 0 survenus au Canada et dans les territoires avoisinants en 1980; toutefois, ces paramètres ne sont pas énumérés dans le présent catalogue.
Canadian seismograph operations - 1981
Authors: Shannon W E , Halliday R J , Munro P S , Schieman D R J
Published: March 2017

At the end of 1981 the Division of Seismology and Geothermal Studies of the Earth Physics Branch , Department of Energy, Mines and Resources operated or contracted the operation of 18 standard seismograph stations, 29 regional stations , 2 telemetered networks
based at Ottawa and Sidney, B.C., a medium aperture array at Yellowknife, a strong-motion seismograph network on the West Coast and several special or temporary seismographs. This report gives the characteristics of the various systems and describes the format and availability of the recorded
data.
Conceptual design for a controlled environment test facility
Authors:   Hardy Associates Ltd.
Published: March 2017

The report describes critically, similar facilities in other parts of the world and proposes an initial conceptual design of a Canadian facility for Cold Regions research.
Preliminary report of the Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada Earthquake Sequence 1982
Authors: Stevens A E
Published: March 2017

In early January 1982 an important series of earthquakes began in the Miramichi region of New Brunswick. This Open-File Report presents an outline of most of the special studies conducted in New Brunswick following the principal earthquake of January 9.
Participants were invited to describe their field work and indicate preliminary results, with the understanding that later more intensive analyses might alter initial conclusions. This Report comprises 23 chapters, which include reports on seismological, geologic and other surveys conducted from
January to July 1982 and also abstracts of all Miramichi papers presented at the annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America in April 1982.
Interactions between heat flow and groundwater flow - a review
Authors: van der Kamp G
Published: March 2017

The review presented in this report provides a synthesis of results from various fields of research related to the interaction of groundwater flow and heat flow. Emphasis has been placed on the basic physical processes and their relevance to a variety of
real-world phenomena.
Throughout this study an important underlying theme is the problem of applying theoretical findings to the irregular real-world, and the reverse problem, all too often lightly regarded, of verifying theory by means of empirical results from the real world.
Étude du gel des sols autour d'une conduite refroidie enterrée dans une station expérimentale - Phase 1 et rapport interimaire faisabilité d'une étude des constraintes d'une conduite enterrée dans un sol soumis au gel
Authors: Burgess M , Lemaire G , Smith M W , Williams P J
Published: March 2017

A series of freezing experimerrts are being conducted in a controlled environment test facility in northern France. This report describes the
experimental model, the design of the experimental installations, the rneasurement systems, the conditions of use and the data acquisition system used in the initial experiments with a chilled pipeline. Supporting geotechnical characterization of the soils used has been conducted in Canada at the
Geotechnical Science Laboratories of Carleton University.
Extrapolated equilibrium bottom-hole temperatures for offshore petroleum drill tests in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Reiter M , Jessop A M
Published: March 2017

Temperature data have been collected from data files of wells from the continental shelves of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and equilibrium temperatures have been estimated by extrapolation to long times since the end of circulation.
Acquisition of geothermal data in offshore qells - phase 1
Authors:   EBA Engineering Consultants
Published: March 2017

This report describes a suite of equipment which could be used to monitor temperatures to depths of 1000 min offshore abandoned hydrocarbon exploration drillholes, It describes feasible methods of deployment and recovery through both open-water and waters with
perennial ice-cover. Both passive and acoustic telemetry data acquisition systems are considered.
The Identification of Structural Linears From Landsat Imagery in northeastern Ontario
Authors:   Geo-analysis Ltd
Published: March 2017

A lineament study covering an area of 76,000 Km2 in northeastern Ontario has been completed from Landsat imagery. Mean lineament azimuths for seven geological subprovinces are: 186° (Quetico), 025° (Wawa), 190° (Optica), 062° (Sudbury Basin),
088° (Penokean Fold Belt), 166° (Cobalt Basin) and 099° (Grenville Province). The mean orientation of linears on the Kapuskasing Horst is 043° with an extremely high variance. The 1:1,000,000 compilation of the mapped linears shows many interesting apparent structural trends and
domains of coherent deformational st yle. Maps of lineament density and intersection frequency show several areal minima. While some lows correspond to areas of thick glacial cover , significant areas appear to be regions of genuine low lineament densit y.
An Investigation of the Distribution of Permafrost On the Sabine Peninsula of Melville Island, N.w.t. and Its Relationship To Glacial and Sea-level History
Authors: French H M , Desrochers D
Published: March 2017

The distribution of permafrost, as determined from a nl.llnber of observations of subsurface temperatures in abandoned oil wells, is related to the Holocene marine emergence of the Sabine Peninsula, Melville Island, N.W.T.
Harmonic coefficients of solar and lunar daily variations from long series of geomagnetic data from Canada
Authors: Gupta J C
Published: March 2017

Long series of mean hourly geomagnetic data available on the magnetic tapes from eight Canadian observatories located in the subauroral zone and at higher latitudes have been analyzed to obtain the daily solar (S) and lunar (L) harmonie coefficients as well as
the o1 and N 2 tide potential terms. The data were subdivided according to seasons, annual mean sunspot number, degree of magnetic activity and lunar distance. The first four harmonie terms of S and L have been tabulated for various cases.
Annual Report 1982 - 1983 rock magnetic task rock properties activity
Authors: Lapointe P , Chomyn B A , Morris W A
Published: March 2017

Under the Rock Property Activity, the Rock Magnetic Property Task is responsible for characterizing rock formations and rock samples using their magnetic properties. Magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy, magnetic remanence, density and opaque mineralogy of
surface and borehole samples are reported for two areas: URL, and East Bull Lake. The first annual report is intended to provide to the user, the data and its interpretation obtained in this task in a preliminary way at the end of each fiscal year. This year's report includes:
1. URL-6 and 7 magnetic susceptibility log.
2. East Bull Lake surface magnetic properties, Phase I.
3. One report on URL 1-5 magnetic susceptibility interpretation and correlations.
Thermal Conductivities - Phase 2
Authors:   Earth Physics Branch
Published: March 2017

Thermal conductivity of 968 rock samples from 48 wells in central Alberta have been measured. Lithologie description of the samples bas been added. Samples were selected from the Slave Point, Cardium, Wapiabi and Belly River formations. Assumption of lateral
continuity of average conductivity within a formation may be valid provided that major formation characteristics do not change significantly.
Ground probing radar experiments at the Foothills Frost Heave Test facility, Calgary, Alberta
Authors:   A-Cubed Inc.
Published: March 2017

This report presents the results of phase one of a test program using ground probing radar (GPR) at the Foothills Pipeline Frost Heave Test Facility in Calgary, Alberta. rt contains a description of the field operations and presents the data in raw form along
with topographie information collected at the time of the survey.
Transient electromagnetic survey to map the distribution of permafrost at Drake Point, Melville Island, NWT
Authors:   GEO-PHYSI-CON Company Ltd.
Published: March 2017

A survey using transient electromagnetic sounding methods was carried out on the Sabine Peninsula, Melville Island, N.W.T. The purpose was to evaluate the technique for characterisation of permafrost conditions in the High Arctic, where in contrast with the
Beaufort area the rocks are largely consolidated. In the Sabine area the high density of geothermal wells provided good control for the interpretation. The survey revealed a permafrost thickness ranging from 100m at the shoreline to 180m at a site 7 km inland. In comparison the depth of the 0°C
isotherm ranges from 140 to 260m; the difference reflects the fine-grained nature of the sediments.
Geothermal gradients in granite batholiths of New Brunswick
Authors:   John A. Leslie and Associates Limited
Published: March 2017

Data pertinent to the assessment of the geothermal energy resources of the Atlantic Provinces have been compiled and collected. Warm water in sedimentary basins and hot dry rock within Palaeozoic intrusives are considered as potential geothermal resources and,
therefore, constituted the principal study areas. The study has delineated areas with perhaps some low-grade geothermal energy potential or, at least, some areas which require further consideration. Continuing investigations are recommended so that the potential of these areas may be fully
evaluated.
Construction of a Cased Borehole Facility For the Purpose of Tilt Observations At Charlevoix Observatory, Quebec
Authors: Peters J
Published: March 2017

The report describes the work performed in establishing a third cased borehole facility for tilt observations at Charlevoix Observatory. lt includes the technical rationale, a description of the borehole design and the progress of the work to
date.
All functions are locally $s$-harmonic up to a small error
Authors: Dipierro Serena , Savin Ovidiu , Valdinoci Enrico
Published: March 2017

We show that we can approximate every function

f\in C^{k}(\overline{B_1})

by an

s

-harmonic function in

B_1

that vanishes outside a compact set.

That is,

s

-harmonic functions are dense in

C^{k}_{\mathrm {loc}}

.This result is clearly in contrast with the rigidity of harmonic functions in the classical case and can be viewed as a purely nonlocal feature.
A new characterization of chord-arc domains
Authors: Azzam Jonas , Hofmann Steve , Martell José María , Nyström Kaj , Toro Tatiana
Published: March 2017

We show that if

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}

,

n\geq 1

, is a uniform domain (also known as a 1-sided NTA domain), i.e., a domain which enjoys interior Corkscrew and Harnack Chain conditions, then uniform rectifiability of the boundary of

\Omega

implies the existence of exterior corkscrew points at all scales, so that in fact,

\Omega

is a chord-arc domain, i.e., a domain with an Ahlfors-David regular boundary which satisfies both interior and exterior corkscrew conditions, and an interior Harnack chain condition. We discuss some implications of this result for theorems of F. and M. Riesz type, and for certain free boundary problems.
Intrinsic scaling properties for nonlocal operators
Authors: Kassmann Moritz , Mimica Ante
Published: March 2017

We study integrodifferential operators and regularity estimates for solutions to integrodifferential equations. Our emphasis is on kernels with a critically low singularity which does not allow for standard scaling. For example, we treat operators that have a logarithmic order of differentiability. For corresponding equations we prove a growth lemma and derive a priori estimates. We derive these estimates by classical methods developed for partial differential operators. Since the integrodifferential operators under consideration generate Markov jump processes, we are able to offer an alternative approach using probabilistic techniques.
Homological projective duality via variation of geometric invariant theory quotients
Authors: Ballard Matthew , Deliu Dragos , Favero David , Isik M. Umut , Katzarkov Ludmil
Published: March 2017

We provide a geometric approach to constructing Lefschetz collections and Landau–Ginzburg homological projective duals from a variation of Geometric Invariant Theory quotients. This approach yields homological projective duals for Veronese embeddings in the setting of Landau–Ginzburg models. Our results also extend to a relative homological projective duality framework.
Bost–Connes systems, categorification, quantum statistical mechanics, and Weil numbers
Authors: Marcolli Matilde , Tabuada Gonçalo
Published: March 2017

In this article we develop a broad generalization of the classical Bost–Connes system, where roots of unity are replaced by an algebraic datum consisting of an abelian group and a semi-group of endomorphisms. Examples include roots of unity, Weil restriction, algebraic numbers,Weil numbers, CM fields, germs, completion ofWeil numbers, etc. Making use of the Tannakian formalism, we categorify these algebraic data. For example, the categorification of roots of unity is given by a limit of orbit categories of Tate motives while the categorification of Weil numbers is given by Grothendieck’s category of numerical motives over a finite field. To some of these algebraic data (e.g. roots of unity, algebraic numbers, Weil numbers, etc), we associate also a quantum statistical mechanical system with several remarkable properties, which generalize those of the classical Bost–Connes system. The associated partition function, low temperature Gibbs states, and Galois action on zero-temperature states are then studied in detail. For example, we show that in the particular case of the Weil numbers the partition function and the low temperature Gibbs states can be described as series of polylogarithms.
Some quasitensor autoequivalences of Drinfeld doubles of finite groups
Authors: Schauenburg Peter
Published: March 2017

We report on two classes of autoequivalences of the category of Yetter–Drinfeld modules over a finite group, or, equivalently the Drinfeld center of the category of representations of a finite group. Both operations are related to the

r

-th power operation, with

r

relatively prime to the exponent of the group. One is defined more generally for the group-theoretical fusion category defined by a finite group and an arbitrary subgroup, while the other seems particular to the case of Yetter–Drinfeld modules. Both autoequivalences preserve higher Frobenius–Schur indicators up to Galois conjugation, and they preserve tensor products, although neither of them can in general be endowed with the structure of a monoidal functor.
The derived non-commutative Poisson bracket on Koszul Calabi–Yau algebras
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Eshmatov Alimjon , Eshmatov Farkhod , Yang Song
Published: March 2017

Let

A

be a Koszul (or more generally,

N

-Koszul) Calabi–Yau algebra. Inspired by the works of Kontsevich, Ginzburg and Van den Bergh, we show that there is a derived non-commutative Poisson structure on

A

, which induces a graded Lie algebra structure on the cyclic homology of

A

; moreover, we show that the Hochschild homology of

A

is a Lie module over the cyclic homology and the Connes long exact sequence is in fact a sequence of Lie modules. Finally, we show that the Leibniz–Loday bracket associated to the derived non-commutative Poisson structure on

A

is naturally mapped to the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild cohomology of its Koszul dual algebra and hence on that of

A

itself. Relations with some other brackets in literature are also discussed and several examples are given in detail.
Graph products of operator algebras
Authors: Caspers Martijn , Fima Pierre
Published: March 2017

Graph products for groups were defined by Green in her thesis [25] as a generalization of both Cartesian and free products. In this paper we define the corresponding graph product for reduced and maximal

C^*

-algebras, von Neumann algebras and quantum groups. We prove stability properties including permanence of II

_1

-factors, the Haagerup property, exactness and, under suitable conditions, the property of rapid decay for quantum groups.
ELECTRIC BLOWER MOTOR SWITCH
Authors:   Circuit Protection and Switch Device Committee
Published: March 2017
AUTOMOTIVE METALLURGICAL JOINING
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017

This report is an abbreviated summary of metallurgical joining by welding, brazing, and soldering. It is generally intended to reflect current usage in the automotive industry; however, it does include some of the more recently developed processes. More comprehensive coverage of materials, processing details, and equipment required may be found in the Welding Handbook, Soldering Manual, and other publications of the American Welding Society and the American Society for Testing and Materials. AWS Automotive Welding Committee publications on Recommended Practices are particularly recommended for the design or product engineer.

This report is not intended to cover mechanical joining such as rivets or screw fasteners, or chemical joining processes such as adhesive joining.
Yedoma Ice Complex of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (southern Laptev Sea)
Authors: Schirrmeister Lutz , Schwamborn Georg , Overduin Pier Paul , Strauss Jens , Fuchs Margret C. , Grigoriev Mikhail , Yakshina Irina , Rethemeyer Janet , Dietze Elisabeth , Wetterich Sebastian
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The composition of perennially frozen deposits holds information on the palaeo-environment during and following deposition. In this study, we investigate late Pleistocene permafrost at the western coast of the Buor Khaya Peninsula in the south-central Laptev Sea (Siberia), namely the prominent eastern Siberian Yedoma Ice Complex (IC). Two Yedoma IC exposures and one drill core were studied for cryolithological (i.e. ice and sediment features), geochemical, and geochronological parameters. Borehole temperatures were measured for 3 years to capture the current thermal state of permafrost. The studied sequences were composed of ice-oversaturated silts and fine-grained sands with considerable amounts of organic matter (0.2 to 24 wt %). Syngenetic ice wedges intersect the frozen deposits. The deposition of the Yedoma IC, as revealed by radiocarbon dates of sedimentary organic matter, took place between 54.1 and 30.1 kyr BP. Continued Yedoma IC deposition until about 14.7 kyr BP is shown by dates from organic matter preserved in ice-wedge ice. For the lowermost and oldest Yedoma IC part, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates on feldspar show deposition ages between 51.1 ± 4.9 and 44.2 ± 3.6 kyr BP. End-member modelling was applied to grain-size-distribution data to determined sedimentation processes during Yedoma IC formation. Three to five robust end-members were detected within Yedoma IC deposits, which we interpret as different modes of primary and reworked unconfined alluvial slope and fan deposition as well as of localized eolian and fluvial sediment, which is overprinted by in situ frost weathering. The cryolithological inventory of the Yedoma IC preserved on the Buor Khaya Peninsula is closely related to the results of other IC studies, for example, to the west on the Bykovsky Peninsula, where formation time (mainly during the late Pleistocene marine isotope stages (MIS) 3 interstadial) and formation conditions were similar. Local freezing conditions on Buor Khaya, however, differed and created solute-enriched (salty) and isotopically light pore water pointing to a small talik layer and thaw-bulb freezing after deposition. Due to intense coastal erosion, the biogeochemical signature of the studied Yedoma IC represents the terrestrial end-member, and is closely related to organic matter currently being deposited in the marine realm of the Laptev Sea shelf.
Technical note: Coupling infrared gas analysis and cavity ring down spectroscopy for autonomous, high-temporal-resolution measurements of DIC and δ13C–DIC
Authors: Call Mitchell , Schulz Kai G. , Carvalho Matheus C. , Santos Isaac R. , Maher Damien T.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. A new approach to autonomously determine concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and its carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C–DIC) at high temporal resolution is presented. The simple method requires no customised design. Instead it uses two commercially available instruments currently used in aquatic carbon research. An inorganic carbon analyser utilising non-dispersive infrared detection (NDIR) is coupled to a Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS) to determine DIC and δ13C–DIC based on the liberated CO2 from acidified aliquots of water. Using a small sample volume of 2 mL, the precision and accuracy of the new method was comparable to standard isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) methods. The system achieved a sampling resolution of 16 min, with a DIC precision of ±1.5 to 2 µmol kg−1 and δ13C–DIC precision of ±0.14 ‰ for concentrations spanning 1000 to 3600 µmol kg−1. Accuracy of 0.1 ± 0.06 ‰ for δ13C–DIC based on DIC concentrations ranging from 2000 to 2230 µmol kg−1 was achieved during a laboratory-based algal bloom experiment. The high precision data that can be autonomously obtained by the system should enable complex carbonate system questions to be explored in aquatic sciences using high-temporal-resolution observations.
Tropical forcing of increased Southern Ocean climate variability revealed by a 140-year subantarctic temperature reconstruction
Authors: Turney Chris S. M. , Fogwill Christopher J. , Palmer Jonathan G. , van Sebille Erik , Thomas Zoë , McGlone Matt , Richardson Sarah , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Fenwick Pavla , Zunz Violette , Goosse Hugues , Wilson Kerry-Jayne , Carter Lionel , Lipson Mathew , Jones Richard T. , Harsch Melanie , Clark Graeme , Marzinelli Ezequiel , Rogers Tracey , Rainsley Eleanor , Ciasto Laura , Waterman Stephanie , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Visbeck Martin
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Occupying about 14 % of the world's surface, the Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in ocean and atmosphere circulation, carbon cycling and Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics. Unfortunately, high interannual variability and a dearth of instrumental observations before the 1950s limits our understanding of how marine–atmosphere–ice domains interact on multi-decadal timescales and the impact of anthropogenic forcing. Here we integrate climate-sensitive tree growth with ocean and atmospheric observations on southwest Pacific subantarctic islands that lie at the boundary of polar and subtropical climates (52–54° S). Our annually resolved temperature reconstruction captures regional change since the 1870s and demonstrates a significant increase in variability from the 1940s, a phenomenon predating the observational record. Climate reanalysis and modelling show a parallel change in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures that generate an atmospheric Rossby wave train which propagates across a large part of the Southern Hemisphere during the austral spring and summer. Our results suggest that modern observed high interannual variability was established across the mid-twentieth century, and that the influence of contemporary equatorial Pacific temperatures may now be a permanent feature across the mid- to high latitudes.
Soil salinity mapping and hydrological drought indices assessment in arid environments based on remote sensing techniques
Authors: Elhag Mohamed , Bahrawi Jarbou A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Vegetation indices are mostly described as crop water derivatives. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is one of the oldest remote sensing applications that is widely used to evaluate crop vigor directly and crop water relationships indirectly. Recently, several NDVI derivatives were exclusively used to assess crop water relationships. Four hydrological drought indices are examined in the current research study. The water supply vegetation index (WSVI), the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the moisture stress index (MSI) and the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) are implemented in the current study as an indirect tool to map the effect of different soil salinity levels on crop water stress in arid environments. In arid environments, such as Saudi Arabia, water resources are under pressure, especially groundwater levels. Groundwater wells are rapidly depleted due to the heavy abstraction of the reserved water. Heavy abstractions of groundwater, which exceed crop water requirements in most of the cases, are powered by high evaporation rates in the designated study area because of the long days of extremely hot summer. Landsat 8 OLI data were extensively used in the current research to obtain several vegetation indices in response to soil salinity in Wadi ad-Dawasir. Principal component analyses (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) analyses are complementary tools used to understand the regression pattern of the hydrological drought indices in the designated study area.
A new urban surface model integrated in the large-eddy simulation model PALM
Authors: Resler Jaroslav , Krč Pavel , Belda Michal , Juruš Pavel , Benešová Nina , Lopata Jan , Vlček Ondřej , Damašková Daša , Eben Kryštof , Derbek Přemysl , Maronga Björn , Kanani-Sühring Farah
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Urban areas are an important part of the climate system and many aspects of urban climate have a direct effect on human health and living conditions. This implies the need for a reliable tool for climatology studies that supports urban planning and development strategies. However, a realistic implementation of urban canopy processes still poses a serious challenge for weather and climate modelling for the current generation of numerical models. To address this demand, a new model of energy processes for urban environments was developed as an Urban Surface Model (USM) and integrated as a module into the large-eddy simulation (LES) model PALM. The USM contains a multi-reflection radiation model for short and long wave radiation, calculation of the energy balance on horizontal and vertical impervious surfaces, thermal diffusion in ground, wall and roof materials and anthropogenic heat from transportation. The module also models absorption of radiation by resolved plant canopy (i.e. trees, shrubs). The USM was parallelized using MPI and performance testing demonstrates that the computational costs of the USM are reasonable and the model scales well on typical cluster configurations. The module was fully integrated into PALM and is available via its online repository under GNU General Public License (GPL). The implementation was tested on a summer heat wave episode in the real conditions of a selected Prague crossroad. General patterns of temperature of various surface types (walls, pavement) are in good agreement with observations. The coupled LES-USM system appears to correct the bias found between observations and mesoscale model predictions for the near-surface air temperature. The results, however, show a strong dependence on the prescribed surface and wall material properties. Their exact knowledge is thus essential for the correct prediction of the flow in the urban canopy layer.
Meso-scale Simulation of Typhoon Generated Storm Surge:
Methodology and Shanghai Case Study
Authors: Dong Shuyun , Stephenson Wayne J. , Wakes Sarah , Chen Zhongyuan , Ge Jianzhong
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The increasing vulnerability of coastal mega-cities to storm surge inundation means both infrastructure and populations are subject to significant threat. Planning for further urban development should include consideration of the changing circumstances in coastal cities to ensure a sustainable future. A sustainable urban plan relies on well preparedness and prediction of future climate change and multiple natural hazards. In light of these needs for urban planning, this paper develops a general method to simulate typhoon generated storm surge at the meso-scale (1–100 km in length). Meso-scale simulation provides a general approach that could be implemented to fulfil the purpose of planning, and has relatively low requirements for computation time and data, while still providing reasonable accuracy. The case study of Shanghai was chosen to implement this method. The meso-scale simulated results of two historical typhoons not only provides a realistic result at the city level, but is also suitable for implementing a large amount of simulations for future scenario studies. The method is generally applicable to all coastal cities around the world to examine the effect of future climate change on typhoon generated storm surge, even where historical observed data are inadequate or not available.
Winter sea ice export from the Laptev Sea preconditions the local summer sea ice cover
Authors: Itkin Polona , Krumpen Thomas
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Recent studies based on satellite observations have shown that there is a high statistical connection between the late winter (Feb-May) sea ice export out the Laptev Sea, and the ice coverage in the following summer. By means of airborne sea ice thickness surveys made over pack ice areas in the southeastern Laptev Sea, we show that years of offshore directed sea ice transport have a thinning effect on the late winter sea ice cover, and vice versa. Once temperature rise above freezing, these thin ice zones melt more rapidly and hence, precondition local anomalies in summer sea ice cover. The preconditioning effect of the winter ice dynamics for the summer sea ice extent is confirmed with a model sensitivity study where we replace the inter-annual summer atmospheric forcing by a climatology. In the model, years with high late winter sea ice export always result in a reduced sea ice cover, and vice versa. We conclude that the observed tendency towards an increased ice export further accelerates ice retreat in summer. The mechanism presented in this study highlights the importance of winter ice dynamics for summer sea ice anomalies in addition to atmospheric processes acting on the ice cover between May and September. Finally, we show that ice dynamics in winter not only precondition local summer ice extent, but also accelerate fast ice decay.
Panel Data Analysis of Monetary Transmission Mechanism for European Union Countries
Authors: Yildirtan Dina Cakmur , Sarili Selin
Published: March 2017

Monetary transmission mechanism is the mechanism which shows  in what ways and what extent interaction between the real economy-monetary policy, impacts aggregate demand and production. While transmission channels or mechanisms traditionally classified they divided into three categories; interest rates, Exchange rates and other asset prices.In this study to test the existence of the European debt crisis by the monetary transmission mechanism, 15 members of European Union country by using annual (2002-2014) data set were included into study. We use panel unit root tests to analyze whether the variables in the model are stationary or not. For the countries included in the study, panel causality tests developed by Granger is applied. Panel Vector Autoregressive Model has been estimated and results of Impulse-Response Analysis and Variance Decomposition have been interpreted.
Description and early outcomes of the hybrid graft for dialysis
Authors: Gomez Luis F. , Peden Eric K.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Long-term dialysis access has become more challenging as patient survival has improved in end-stage renal disease. The GORE® Hybrid Vascular Graft (GHVG) has been designed to improve dialysis access outcomes and provide additional access options for challenging patients. In this article, we will review the design of the graft, unique properties and reported outcomes.

Methods

We reviewed data available at our institution and performed a Pubmed search on GORE® Hybrid Vascular graft. We found two more studies besides the data published by our department.

Results

To date, there have been three papers showing early results of these grafts. All studies report successful placement of the grafts with no unexpected complications. Limb edema has not been a common problem, despite concerns of placing a stent graft into the axillary vein. The papers have shown 70% cumulative patency of the GHVG at 12 months. The comparative studies showed no significant benefit compared to conventional grafts. We see this as an option of continuing with arm access rather than going to more complex access creation such as a chest wall access or going to access creation in the legs.

Conclusions

The GHVG has been shown to have comparable performance to standard arteriovenous graft techniques and can expand access options for some patients with challenging anatomy.
Endovascular treatment of swing-segment stenosis in vascular access: current status and future directions
Authors: de Graaf Rick
Published: March 2017

Swing-segment lesions are a fairly common reason for access failure and predispose to repeated interventions. The pathophysiology, hemodynamic circumstances and the primary intervention might all play a role in early recurrence. Mainly, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), bare metal stenting and stent graft implantation have been performed to prolong lesion patency and access circuit patency. The available data on endovascular treatment of swing-segment lesions are scarce, heterogeneous and of poor quality. Moreover, with the continuous evolution of endovascular techniques and introduction of new devices there is a risk of increasing device-specific investigations. In the meantime, PTA is easily discarded in favor of novel stents and stent grafts. However, PTA might still have an important position in the overall treatment strategy to postpone loss of the vascular access site. However, without optimal post-interventional imaging, true PTA results remain obscure and indications for additional stent (graft) implantation unclear. Currently, it seems that different devices are utilized to prolong lesion patency rather than access circuit patency. Obviously, more randomized controlled trials and well-structured multicenter registries may be capable of determining a superior treatment modality for a specific lesion. However, it might be more accurate to identify the optimal sequence of interventions by which the lifespan of the access site is maintained as long as possible.
Connecting Homeland and Borders Using Mobile Telephony: Exploring the State of Tamil Refugees in Indian Camps
Authors: Sreenivasan Akshaya , Bien-Aimé Steve , Connolly-Ahern Colleen
Published: March 2017

This article attempts to explain how mobile phones influence how Sri Lankan Tamil refugees perceive cultural, psychological, and physical borders. Grounded in the information and communications technology (ICT) literature and diaspora communications, the lead author conducted twelve in-depth interviews with Mandapam camp residents in Tamilnadu, India, during Summer 2013. Results indicate that while camp refugees considered Sri Lanka their “motherland,” fear of government surveillance coupled with skepticism regarding the peace process impedes their return, even though official hostilities have ceased. However, mobile communications allow them to create a virtual community, which is important because camp life essentially separates them from both India and Sri Lanka.
CONSUMO DE ÁGUA NA INDÚSTRIA DE ABATE DE BOVINOS DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Souza Andreson Carneiro de , Orrico Silvio Roberto Magalhães
Published: March 2017

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar os índices de consumo de água necessáriospara o abate de bovinos na Bahia, avaliando 19 empreendimentos, sendo 9frigoríficos e 10 abatedouros, que solicitaram licença ambiental para operaçãodessas indústrias no INEMA, no período de 2006 a 2012. Os dados coletadosforam obtidos nos processos de licenciamento ambiental, referentes à etapade operação, que nesse caso abrange as licenças de operação, unificada esimplificada. O índice de consumo médio de água nos frigoríficos foi menorque o obtido nos abatedouros. Analisando individualmente, verifica-se que75% desses empreendimentos não possuem índices compatíveis com asmelhores tecnologias que são adotadas para o abate de bovinos. No casodos abatedouros, o cenário ainda é pior, chegando o índice a 87,5%.Associando o consumo de água ao porte, verificou-se que quanto maioressão os abatedouros e frigoríficos, menores são os gastos com água.
Extraction and purification of recombinant intact human Parathyroid Hormone (hPTH) from bacterial cell
Authors: Al-badran Adnan E. , Abdul-jabbar Rafeef Amer
Published: March 2017

Objective: The intact human Parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is one of the biopharmaceutical drug produced by biotechnology, this hormone can be provided in a good amount using simple batch culture, and therefore the main purpose of this study was the production of purified bioactive intact hPTH.Methods: A cloning BL21(DE3) strain (which already cloned in our Lab. by synthetic human Parathyroid hormone (shPTH) gene) was grown in LB medium and the cloning gene expression was induced by addition of IPTG to the medium. The recombinant fused protein was purified from the bacterial cell lysate by affinity chromatography and underwent proteolysis by Enterokinase enzyme to obtain the target hPTH, and it's further purified by DEAE and SP Sepharose ion exchange chromatography. RP-HPLC analysis and biological activity on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells were done for both the standard and produced hPTH. Furthermore, the haemolysis ability of the latter was tested on the human RBC.Results: 225ng/ml of hPTH was produced after SP chromatography which detected by specific PTH ELISA kit, standard and produced hPTH showed the same peaks in the same retention time when analyzed by HPLC. The produced hPTH haemolysis assay showed the ability of the produced hPTH to partially haemolyze the RBC in a concentration above 200µg/ml. The bioactivity assay for the produced and standard rhPTH demonstrated that both compounds had a biological activity on the MCF-7 cells with IC50 of about 84.4 and 75.7 µg/ml for standard and produced hPTH respectively, and no significant difference was detected between them.Conclusions: Via suitable purification processes, the biologically active hPTH with structure similar to the standard ones as detected by RP-HPLC and bioactivity assay, can be obtained by using already cloned isolate with shPTH gene for hormone production. The hormone showed haemolysis effect on the RBC similar to the normal secreted hPTH.