bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical solutions, Convergence and Global stability of delayed differential system with delay in the state variable of the Caputo derivative
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Sharma Abhishek , Singh Harendra Pal
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the numerical solutions of delayed fractional differential equations (FDEs). A constant time delay is taken in the Caputo derivative of the state variable and also in the state variable. To obtain solutions, we extend the block boundary value method (BBVM) and show the convergence of the resulting scheme. Further, it is found that the order of convergence is $\min\{m,q-\delta+1\}$, where $m$ and $q$ are the order and block-size of the BBVM, respectively, and $\delta$ lies in between $0$ and $1$. In our methodology, we approximate the fractional-ordered derivative by a combination of the $m^{\text{th}}$-order BBVM and a $q^{\text{th}}$-order Lagrange interpolating polynomial. Lastly, we analyze the global stability of the numerical scheme and with the aid of some numerical examples, its computational effectiveness is proved. In examples, we analyse some fractional order delay differential systems and present a comparison of solutions for different fractional order derivatives. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the global errors diminish as the order of the fractional derivative decreases, and this fact is supported by the theoretical order of convergence.
MSC Classification: 34K37 , 34D23 , 65L20
An Intelligent Computational Model with Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Attention Features for COVID-19 Detection from CT Scan Images
Authors: Babu Lokesh Sai Phani , Kumar S Sachin , Mohan Neethu , Krishankumar Raghunathan , Ravichandran K.S. , Senapati Tapan , Sikha O K
Published: October 2023

Coronavirus (COVID-19), an air-borne disease, has affected the lifestyle of people all around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the disease as a pandemic due to its rapid spread of infection. Tracing patients infected with Coronavirus has become a steep uphill process supervened by the limited availability of tests based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which calls for efficient and highly responsive detection and diagnostic methods. Recently, methodologies based on image processing have been proposed by various researchers, especially using deep learning-based models. However, most models need millions of parameters to learn the complex input-output relationships and demand massive computational resources. This paper proposes the detection of COVID-19 from CT scan images using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). A dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) based attention-driven image enhancement is proposed to extract localized enhanced features from CT scan images. Localized features can improve the model's performance by making inferences about the complete object. Pre-trained deep CNN models including VGGNet, ResNet50, and InceptionV3, are then transfer-learned on the DMD-enhanced CT scan images for COVID-19 detection. The paper proposes a custom shallow CNN architecture for detecting COVID-19 using DMD-enhanced CT scan images. The custom shallow CNN with significantly reduced learnable parameters improves the accuracy of the model and reduces the computational burden. The performance of the CNN architectures (custom shallow CNN and transfer learned deep CNNs) is evaluated using benchmark performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed shallow CNN network trained on DMD-enhanced images can better detect COVID-19 and outperform existing architectures in accuracy and computational complexity. The accuracy obtained for the proposed shallow CNN network trained on DMD-enhanced images is around 92.3%, with an F1-score of 0.918.
Quantum Computation of Frequency-Domain Molecular Response Properties Using a Three-Qubit iToffoli Gate
Authors: Minnich Austin , Sun Shi-Ning , Marinelli Brian , Koh Jin Ming , Kim Yosep , Nguyen Long , Chen Larry , Kreikebaum John Mark , Santiago David , Siddiqi Irfan
Published: October 2023

The quantum computation of molecular response properties on near-term quantum hardware is a topic of substantial interest. Computing these properties directly in the frequency domain is desirable, but the circuits require large depth if the typical hardware gate set consisting of single- and two-qubit gates is used. While high-fidelity multipartite gates have been reported recently, their integration into quantum simulation and the demonstration of improved accuracy of the observable properties remains to be shown. Here, we report the application of a high-fidelity multipartite gate, the iToffoli gate, to the computation of frequency-domain response properties of diatomic molecules. The iToffoli gate enables a ~50% reduction in circuit depth and ~40% reduction in circuit execution time compared to the traditional gate set. We show that the molecular properties obtained with the iToffoli gate exhibit comparable or better agreement with theory than those obtained with the native CZ gates. Our work is among the first demonstrations of the practical usage of a native multi-qubit gate in quantum simulation, with diverse potential applications to near-term quantum computation.
A wireless W-band 3D-printed temperature sensor operating beyond 1000 °C
Authors: Sánchez-Pastor Jesús , Kadĕra Petr , Sakaki Masoud , Jakoby Rolf , Lacik Jaroslav , Benson Niels , Jiménez-Sáez Alejandro
Published: October 2023

In addressing high-temperature sensing (above 500 °C), there is a gap in available chipless and wireless sensor systems operating near the high end of the microwave frequency range. This study introduces a novel dielectric wireless temperature sensor, leveraging high-Q cavities within a three-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC). To increase the readout range, a flattened Luneburg lens is added on top of the PhC structure. The sensor’s operating principle is based on detecting shifts in resonance frequency due to changes in the dielectric parameters of its conforming material over temperature. The sensor is 3D-printed using Lithography-based Ceramic Manufacturing in Alumina (Al2O3). Our empirical findings reveal that the sensor’s frequency-coded response, represented by two peaks at 83.5 GHz and 85.5 GHz, is clearly distinguishable at a distance of 50 cm and up to 1200 °C, the maximum capability of our furnace. Furthermore, we draw comparisons between the sensor’s performance and existing material characterization methods, particularly in estimating Al2O3’s dielectric permittivity and losses, with the latter showing a good agreement with literature values. Due to the employed materials, the sensor is suitable for millimeter-wave applications in dynamic, cluttered high-temperature scenarios.
Effects of tree species identity and soil origin on soil nematode communities and trophic composition in coniferous and broad-leaved forests
Authors: Kitagami Yudai , Suzuki Kohei , Matsuda Yosuke
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The effects of trees on soil nematode communities are related to nutrient cycles in forest ecosystems. We conducted greenhouse pot experiments to determine the effects of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species on soil nematodes.
Methods
Soils were collected from a coniferous plantation and broad-leaved forests. Seedlings of a coniferous tree (Cryptomeria japonica) and a broadleaved tree (Quercus serrata) were planted in soils derived from each species. After 11 months, seedling biomass, soil properties, and ectomycorrhizal fungal colonization of Q. serrata were measured. Soil nematodes were morphologically identified to the genus/family level and differentiated by community and trophic composition.
Results
C. japonica root biomass was significantly higher than that of Q. serrata regardless of the soil and nematode community structures were significantly different between the species. The fungal: bacterial ratio and density of fungivorous nematodes were significantly higher in broad-leaved soils. Herbivorous nematodes increased significantly in C. japonica seedlings grown in broad-leaved soils. Structural equation modeling indicated that soil origin and tree species directly regulated nematode trophic compositions.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that tree species modify soil micro-food webs by affecting microbial abundance and nematode trophic composition. Specifically, C. japonica, with a larger root biomass, increased the number of herbivorous nematodes, whereas Q. serrata, with ectomycorrhizal fungal symbiosis, increased the number of fungivorous nematodes. Thus, tree species are tightly involved in shaping nematode communities in forest ecosystems through root traits and mycorrhizal types.
A new molecule reduces the cocoon production loss in the BmNPV infected Bombyx mori larvae rearing
Authors: Cisneros Jully Jesus de la Cruz , Cabral Lucas Costa , Caligari Daniel , Silva Alessandra Aparecida , Chiarello Alex Sandro Gularte , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Costa Rose Meire , Gigliolli Adriana Aparecida Sinópolis , Lapenta Ana Silvia , Ramos Anelise Cardoso , Seixas Flávio Augusto Vicente , Fernandez Maria Aparecida
Published: October 2023

Bombyx morinucleopolyhedrovirus, BmNPV, is the pathogen that causes mortality by the grasserie disease in larvalBombyx mori(Lepidoptera:Bombycidae). A molecule named Bm5 was reported as an inhibitor candidate of viral cathepsin (v-cath), which may protectB. morifrom this disease. This study evaluated the efficacy of Bm5 in reducing sericultural loss due to BmNPV. The assays were carried out usingB. morififth-instar hybrids that were inoculated with BmNPV and treated with Bm5. We recorded biological and productive variables to verify the effectiveness of the Bm5 treatment. Data on biological and economic parameters showed that the larval survival rate of the BmNPV-infected and Bm5-treated groups was 35.6% higher than that of the untreated BmNPV group. In addition, the pupae from the Bm5 treatment group survived and produced good-quality cocoons. The results of esterase dosage from the midgut and fat body showed that no change was detected in isoenzyme expression in BmNPV-infected larvae, regardless of Bm5 treatment. In conclusion, the Bm5 molecule may be used as a curative treatment to reduce the loss in silk production whenB. morilarvae are infected by BmNPV.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the follicle microenvironment of patients with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Han Ying , Diao Junrong , Wang Xin-Yan , Zhang Shuai , Yuan Lina , Ping Yaqiong , Gao Ge , Zhang Yunshan , Luo Haining
Published: October 2023

Background
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has a highly heterogeneous etiology, but its pathogenesis remains unclear.
Methods
To investigate the follicle microenvironment of POI patients and identify potential targeted therapeutic strategies, we performed scRNA-seq on follicular fluid samples from normal individuals, older persons, and POI patients.
Results
A total of 87,323 cells were isolated and grouped into six clusters, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, basophils, mononuclear phagocytes, and granular cells. Further analysis demonstrated that the proportions of granulosa cells 6, which are characterized by high expression levels of MALAT1, NEAT1, XIST, KCNQ1OT1, and AC016831.5, and monocytes (characterized by high VCAN expression) were elevated in older individuals and POI patients, whereas the population of GDT cells (which express TRGC1 and TRDC) was decreased. We also found that the genes that were differently expressed in GDT cells and monocytes were enriched for ribosome and endoplasmic reticulum-related pathways. Moreover, the monocytes from older individuals and POI patients did not exhibit VEGFA/FLT1 interaction. These data suggest that the loss of VEGFA/FLT1 interaction in monocytes, along with enhanced ER and ribosome pathways may drive excess inflammation, which accelerates GC senility and the state of infertility.
Conclusions
This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of POI and aging and highlights VEGFA/FLT1 interaction as a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing inflammation and treating POI.
Co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors and their implications for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study with university students
Authors: Barbosa Bruna Carolina Rafael , Mendonça Raquel de Deus , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: October 2023

Background
The university years are a critical period for young adults, as they are more exposed to obesogenic behaviors and experience stressful situations that compromise their mental health. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms and evaluate the association between the combined occurrence of obesogenic behaviors among university students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on students from a public university in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from July to August 2020 using an online questionnaire. The outcome variables (anxiety and depression symptoms) were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors was measured based on irregular consumption of fruits and vegetables, frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods, physical inactivity during leisure time, and sedentary behavior. A Venn diagram was used for the exploratory analysis. To verify the association between the outcome and explanatory variables, a directed acyclic graph model was constructed, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results
A total of 1,353 students aged 18–24 years participated in this study. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were present in 46.1% and 54.6% of the participants, respectively. The most prevalent combination of obesogenic behaviors was frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods, physical inactivity during leisure time, and sedentary behavior (17.2%). The greater the number of simultaneous obesogenic behaviors, the higher the chance to present symptoms of anxiety [OR: 2.81 (95%CI: 1.77–4.46)] and depression [OR: 3.46 (95%CI: 2.20–5.43)].
Conclusion
These findings reinforce the need to take actions to promote mental health in the university environment in conjunction with programs to promote a healthy lifestyle and improve the physical and mental well-being of students.
Role of dietary interventions on microvascular health in South-Asian Surinamese people with type 2 diabetes in the Netherlands; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berg Bernard van den , Velden Anouk van der , IJpelaar Daphne , Shaw Prataap Chandie , Pijl Hanno , Vink Hans , Vlag Johan van der , Rabelink Ton
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether dietary interventions, i.e. a fasting mimicking diet (FMD, Prolon®) or glycocalyx mimetic supplementation (EndocalyxTM) could stabilize microvascular function in Surinamese South-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes (SA-T2DM) in the Netherlands, a patient population more prone to develop vascular complications.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A randomized, placebo controlled, 3-arm intervention study was conducted in 56 SA-T2DM patients between 18 and 75 years old, for 3 consecutive months, with one additional follow up measurement 3 months after the last intervention. Linear mixed models and interaction analysis were used to investigate the effects the interventions had on microvascular function.
RESULTS: Despite a temporal improvement in BMI and HbA1c after FMD the major treatment effect on microvascular health was worsening for RBC-velocity independent PBRdynamic, especially at follow-up. Glycocalyx supplementation, however, reduced urinary MCP-1 presence and improved both PBRdynamic and MVHSdynamic, which persisted at follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: We showed that despite temporal beneficial changes in BMI and HbA1c after FMD, this intervention is not able to preserve microvascular endothelial health in Dutch South-Asian patients with T2DM. In contrast, glycocalyx mimetics preserves the microvascular endothelial health and reduces the inflammatory cytokine MCP-1.
Identification, bioinformatics analysis, and expression profiling of the bHLH supergene family members in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Yang Haizhu , Peng Zhonghua , Xue Guoxing , Wu Weijiao , Zhou Hui , Yao Xin , Ma Chao , He Ailing , Ruan Jingjun
Published: October 2023

Background
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, animals, and microorganisms and plays an important complex physiological role in plant growth and development, metabolic regulation, and adversity stress. With the development of bioinformatics, bHLH transcription factor families have been continuously identified and analyzed, but the bHLH family of Beta vulgaris has not yet been analyzed and reported.
Results
Using whole-genome sequencing data from B. vulgaris, we identified 96 BvbHLHs genes with relatively large differences in physicochemical properties that were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes. A phylogenetic developmental tree was constructed using the BvbHLH and AtbHLH proteins, which were ultimately categorized into 21 subgroups and one unclassified group. The gene structure, conserved motifs, gene duplication events, and evolutionary relationships of the 96 BvbHLH genes were analyzed using various bioinformatics approaches. The results showed that motifs 1 and 2 were widely distributed in BvbHLHs, had highly conserved gene structures within the same subfamily, presence of four tandem duplication events, and six pairs of segmental duplication events, and were more closely homologous to dicotyledonous plants. We also analyzed the tissue-specific expression of 12 BvbHLH genes during B. vulgaris maturity and their responses to eight abiotic stresses using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Conclusions
A total of 96 BvbHLH genes were identified. Bioinformatics analysis of the gene structure, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern of the B. vulgaris bHLH gene family lays a foundation for the evolution of the bHLH gene family and the screening of candidate genes in B. vulgaris.
Real-time evaluation and adaptation to facilitate rapid recruitment in a large cohort
Authors: Honushefsky Ashley , Wagner Eric S. , Sheridan Kathleen , Spickard Kathleen M. , LeMasters William R. , Walter Carroll N. , Beaver Taryn , Lennon Anne Marie , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Buchanan Adam
Published: October 2023

Background Recruiting large, diverse cohorts efficiently can speed the translation of findings into care across a range of scientific disciplines and medical specialties. Yet, recruitment can be hampered by factors such as financial barriers, logistical concerns, and lack of resources for patients and clinicians. Here we use a case study of a large, prospective trial of a multi-cancer early detection test to describe how the study team tracked enrollment, protocol fidelity, and participant experience and iteratively adapted procedures.Methods While conducting a large, prospective trial of a multi-cancer early detection blood test at Geisinger, an integrated health system in central Pennsylvania, we monitored recruitment progress, fidelity to protocol, and participants’ satisfaction. Tracking mechanisms such as paper records, electronic health records, research databases, dashboards, and electronic files were utilized to measure each outcome. We then reviewed study procedures and timelines to list the implementation strategies that were used to address barriers to recruitment, protocol fidelity and participant satisfaction.Results Adaptations to methods that contributed to achieving the enrollment goal included adopting group consenting, improving visit convenience, increasing electronic capture and tracking of data and source documents, staffing optimization via leveraging resources external to the study team when appropriate, and integrating the disclosure of study results into routine clinical care without adding unfunded work for physicians. We maintained high protocol fidelity and positive participant experience as exhibited by a very low rate of protocol deviations and participant complaints.Conclusion Recruiting rapidly for large studies – and thereby facilitating clinical translation – requires a nimble, creative approach that marshals available resources and changes course according to data. Planning a rigorous assessment of a study’s implementation outcomes prior to study recruitment can further ground study adaptations and facilitate translation into practice. This can be accomplished by proactively and continuously assessing and revising implementation strategies.
Faecal microbiota and serum inflammatory markers in dogs with chronic enteropathy diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and small-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kaga Chiaki , Kakiyama Sayaka , Hokkyo Atsuko , Ogata Yuzuru , Shibata Junko , Nagahara Takuro , Maho Nakazawa , Nakagawa Taisuke , Tsujimoto Hajime , Chambers James , Uchida Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Satoshi , kobayashi Toshihide , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Mizusawa Naomi
Published: October 2023

Dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE), which includes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small-cell lymphoma (SCL), exhibit marked differences in faecal microbiota and organic acid profiles compared with healthy dogs, as well as immune abnormalities in intestinal mucosal tissue. However, few studies have analysed trace organic acids, such as succinic acid, which have been suggested to be associated with IBD in humans. Therefore, in this study, we compared the faecal microbiota and organic acid profiles as well as serum inflammatory markers between dogs with CE (n = 11; 6 with IBD and 5 with SCL) and healthy controls (n = 16). We also performed machine learning and correlation analysis to obtain more detailed insights into the characteristics of affected dogs. These results revealed that dogs with CE had lower levels of Erysipelotrichaceae (e.g. Turicibacter and Allobaculum), exhibited abnormalities in the succinic acid metabolism (i.e. succinic acid accumulation and decreased levels of Phascolarctobacterium as succinic acid-utilising bacteria) and increased levels of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella. Additionally, the presence of Dubosiella was significantly negatively correlated with Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index scores. These findings are expected to aid the development of microbiome-based medications and/or supplements, although further verification is needed.
Optimization of multi-directional forging parameters of large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy forged part guided by finite element simulation
Authors: Li Jiyu , Zeng Jian , Wang Fulin , Zhao Chaoyu , Zhou Haitao , Wang Fenghua , Dong Shuai , Jin Li , Dong Jie
Published: October 2023

Based on the thermal compression stress-strain curves and three-dimensional processing maps of the homogenized Mg-8.5Gd-2.5Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy in our previous published work, we performed a comprehensive investigation to assess the influence of multi-directional forging parameter (i.e. per-pass reduction, pass number and temperature) on the strain uniformity of large-scale forged part by finite element simulation. The results indicate that compared to forging temperature and pass reduction, the pass number of deformation significantly influences the strain uniformity. The optimal forging parameters were obtained for a large-scale ingot with 430 mm in diameter and 440 mm in height, i.e., the forging temperature of 450°C, pass reduction of 40%, pass number of 5 and forging speed of 10 mm/s. Finally, a large-scale forged part with the diameter of 900 mm and the height of 100 mm was successfully produced under the optimal forming condition. The average grain sizes of edge and center regions of the forged part are (4.08 ± 3.25) µm and (5.58 ± 2.19) µm, respectively, exhibiting a small microstructure difference. The mechanical properties anisotropy is also low, and the tensile strength differences at each position are less than 20 MPa.
Synergies overcome trade-offs between climate policy and water-related SDG targets
Authors: Rimba Andi , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Kawamitsu Yuzuru , Oki Taikan , Kiguchi Masashi , Tokuda Daisuke , Hanasaki Naota , Zhipin Ai , Iizumi Toshichika , Nozaki Noriko , Kim Wonsik
Published: October 2023

The United Nations has reported that the world is off track to achieve water sustainability and this has been exacerbated by climate change. Studies indicate that water-related sustainable development goals (SDGs) have significant synergies and trade-offs involving various sectors. We measure the synergies and trade-offs between climate actions (mitigation and adaptation) and five water-related SDG targets based on a global numerical simulation driven by climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. We found that synergies outweigh trade-offs in all regions regarding water-related targets, with an approximately five-fold difference in the globally affected population. The main trade-off source is increased water use due to economic development in Africa and Central/South America, and increased irrigation water if bio-energy crop production is enhanced in Africa and North Africa, suggesting that more coordinated policy-making is needed between climate action and water management in these regions.
Use of seasonal dry and wet precipitation records to estimate the Time of Emergence (TOE) of changes in extreme precipitation anomalies
Authors: Giorgi Filippo , Raffaele Francesca
Published: October 2023

We use a method based on the detection of record breaking values in time series of seasonal precipitation anomalies to investigate the time of emergence (TOE) of changes in seasonal precipitation wet and dry extremes over 31 land regions of the world. The method is applied to the CMIP6 ensemble of 21st century projections for the SSP5-8.5 and SSP1-2.6 scenarios and to two observational datasets. Deviations of the number of detected records from the theoretical (reference) value expected from stationary climate conditions is indicative of trends in seasonal precipitation extremes. We find that, in response to climate warming, regions for which increased (decreased) mean precipitation is projected by the model ensemble, also experience a number of positive (negative) precipitation anomaly records much larger than the reference value. Also, the magnitued of changes in record anomalies is substantially larger than the changes in the mean. We then introduce an ad-hoc TOE criterion based on the ratio of actual to reference number of records (RatAR), and find that, in the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the TOE occurs as early as the late decades of the 20th century, and in most cases by the mid decades of the 21st century. A dominant projected increase in seasonal precipitation interannual variability also contributes to this result. Application of a similar criterion to the observation dataset yields TOE in the late 20th or early 21st century only for a small number of regional cases, for which, however, the direction of the change is mostly in agreement with the model projections. Our methodology can be useful in the assessment of impacts of seasonal drought-prone and flood-prone conditions and in studies of detection and attribution of seasonal precipitation extremes.
Cytokine polarized, alternatively activated bone marrow neutrophils drive axon regeneration
Authors: Segal Benjamin , Jerome Andrew , Sas Andrew , Wang Yan , Wen Jing , Atkinson Jeffrey , Webb Amy , Liu Tom
Published: October 2023

The adult central nervous system (CNS) possesses a limited capacity for self-repair. Severed CNS axons typically fail to regrow. There is an unmet need for treatments designed to enhance neuronal viability, facilitate axon regeneration, and ultimately restore lost neurological functions to individuals affected by traumatic CNS injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and other neurological disorders. Here we demonstrate that both mouse and human bone marrow (BM) neutrophils, when polarized with a combination of recombinant interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), upregulate alternative activation markers and produce an array of growth factors, thereby gaining the capacity to promote neurite outgrowth. Moreover, adoptive transfer of IL-4/G-CSF polarized BM neutrophils into experimental models of CNS injury triggered substantial axon regeneration within the optic nerve and spinal cord. These findings have far-reaching implications for the future development of autologous myeloid cell-based therapies that may bring us closer to effective solutions for reversing CNS damage.
Novel Ionic Liquid/Polyetherimide Composite Membranes: The Interplay of Transport Properties and Membrane Structure
Authors: Rogalsky Sergiy , Vashchuk Alina , Stanovsky Petr , Tarasyuk Oksana , Delpouve Nicolas , Dargent Eric , Izak Pavel , Pasichnyk Mariia
Published: October 2023

Novel composite membranes based on high-performance poly(ether imide sulfone) (XH-1015, EXTEM™ RESIN) were developed by incorporating 20–60 wt.% of hydrophobic protic ionic liquid, 2-butylaminoimidazolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BAIm][TFSI]). Structure-properties relationships for the membrane were investigated by using EDS, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and sessile-drop water contact angle measurements. The interaction between the carbonyl group of the imide cycle and imidazolinium cations via hydrogen bonding was evident. The introduction of 20–60 wt.% [BAIm][TFSI] at PEI matrix significantly reduces the glass transition temperature by 84–216°C, respectively, and enhances the surface's hydrophilicity. All the membranes revealed excellent thermal stability up to 400°C. The membranes were tested for their gas permeability as potential gas sensors for CO2 or membrane materials. The unusual transitions of gas permeability mechanism with increasing [BAIm][TFSI] content in the composite were discovered opening a possibility to fabricate a functionally hierarchical membrane for tunable separation of gases from complex mixtures.
A case control study to assess and compare cognitive functions among chess players and non- chess players aged 11 to 16 years in Western India
Authors: Singh Yuvraj Rananajay , Kadam Swapnali Saurabh , Mital Anukant
Published: October 2023

Background:
Chess has long been used to evaluate fundamental cognitive functions including memory and problem solving, where the executive function is crucial. Studies show that chess enables young players to gain advantages in a variety of cognitive domains and it has been demonstrated that chess players have better spatial reasoning, long-term planning, decision-making, memory, cognitive development, academic performance, mental development, scholastic achievement, and strategic, creative, and critical thinking. The purpose of this study is to compare and assess cognitive functions among chess players and non-chess players aged 11 to 16 years in Western India.
Methods:
The study was conducted in total 120 participants- 60 chess players (case) and 60 non-chess players (control) aged 11-16 years with normal BMI and no cognitive impairment (MMSE test>24). Participants were assessed for cognitive functions using several tests- Executive function and selective attention (Stroop and Eriksen-Flanker test), Working memory (N-back test), Reaction time (Deary-Liewald task) and Intelligence (Bhatia Battery Tests of Intelligence).
Results:
Significant p values were found for Stroop congruent time (p<0.001), Stroop incongruent time (p<0.001), Eriksen-Flanker congruent time (p<0.001), Eriksen-Flanker incongruent time (p<0.001), N-back (working memory) correct response (p<0.001), Deary-Liewald Simple reaction time (p<0.001), Deary-Liewald Choice reaction time (p<0.001), Bhatia’s Battery Tests of Intelligence Quotient (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
In contrast to non-chess players, the chess players demonstrated better and enhanced cognitive functions- selective attention, executive function, working memory, single reaction time, choice reaction time and intelligence quotient.
Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Arora Anil , Asnake Getnet , Harna Bushu , Sonkawade Venktesh
Published: October 2023

Fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) is a rare but serious complication with potentially devastating consequences. We present a case of fungal PJI with no identified risk factor following primary total knee arthroplasty. Culture isolated the growth of Candida albicans with drug sensitivity to fluconazole and amphotericin B. We treated with two-stage revision arthroplasty in combination with systemic and local antifungal agents. At the follow-up of 2 years, the patient was symptom-free with a stable knee and 0-120 degrees of flexion. Orthopaedic surgeons should suspect and be aware of fungal PJI, and routine culture of synovial aspirate for fungal pathogens helps in early diagnosis and management.
Evaluating a one-day parent-only intervention in the treatment of youth with anxiety disorders: Child and family-level outcomes
Authors: Cobham Vanessa , Radtke Sarah R. , Hawkins Ingrid , Jordan Michele , Ali Nasriah Rizman , Ollendick Thomas H. , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: October 2023

Objective: Parent-only cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions have promise for youth with anxiety disorders. Fear-Less Triple P (FLTP) is one such intervention that has been found comparable to child-focused CBT. Although traditionally administered in six sessions, a one-day workshop format of FLTP was developed to improve accessibility. The current study compared the effectiveness of the six-session and one-day workshop formats.
Method: Seventy-three youth (mean age, 8.4 years; 74% male) were randomized to traditional FLTP (6-week group) or the one-day workshop format. Anxiety diagnostic status, self- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms scores, independent evaluator-rated improvement, treatment satisfaction, and measures of family functioning were included to assess treatment outcome. Data were collected prior to treatment, and one-week, six-months, and twelve-months following treatment.
Results: Both conditions resulted in significant improvement in child anxiety symptom scores per parent report (on both questionnaire and diagnostic interview measures). Furthermore, significant decreases in sibling anxiety were observed in both treatment conditions. There were no statistically significant differences between conditions on any outcome measure.
Conclusions: Results of this study add to the growing evidence that brief, low-intensity, parent-only interventions can effectively target child psychopathology. These brief interventions are ideal for families for whom the resources and time required to commit to a standard multi-week intervention are prohibitive.
Data Transparency Statement: There are no previously published or currently in press works stemming from the same dataset upon which the current paper is based.
Registration of Clinical Trials: This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12615001284550).
The Immunological considerations in patients with Thymoma : A case report with lessons beyond resection
Authors: Szpytma Malgorzata , Yang Yanling , Crouch Gareth
Published: October 2023

Background
Thymic epithelial tumours (TET) are a rare group of immunologically active thymic malignancies associated with paraneoplastic and extremely rare autoimmune conditions. Good Syndrome (GS) is one such rare adult-onset immunodeficiency associated with Thymoma. The incidence is 0.15 cases per 100 000 population years, immunophenotype is variable and it is associated with significant morbidity and poor ten-year survival estimated at only 30%.
Case presentation
A 22-year-old female with recurrent infections, ocular limited Myasthenia Gravis and large thymoma underwent elective total thymectomy via median sternotomy. Surgical resection was unremarkable however post operatively she developed a chylothorax with pleural fluid cultures positive for Candida Albicans requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy. Her post operative course was further complicated by shingles, myopericarditis, brachioradialis myositis, and bulbar myasthenic crises. Immunological work up showed pan-hypogammaglobulinemia IgG 3.8 (7–16 g/L), IgA < 0.05 (0.7-4 g/L), IgM 0.12 (0.4–2.3 g/L), absent pneumococcal humoral response, reduced T cells (CD3 + 0.43x109/L with a normal CD4/8 ratio) but normal total B cells (CD19+/20 + 0.11 x109/L). She was diagnosed with Good Syndrome and is actively managed with long term Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG).
Conclusions
The immunological sequelae of TET, GS in particular, are poorly understood and under recognized in the surgical community. This case report highlights diagnostic complexities and emphasizes a need early, comprehensive, multidisciplinary perioperative management.
Phytoconstitutents from Indian medicinal plants show therapeutic potential to combat COVID-19 by bind to SARS CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro)
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Tripathi Manish Kumar , Khare Ruchi , Jhade Sandeep Kumar , Khan Anam , Mukherjee Sukhes , Ahirwar Sonu Singh , Ray Suman Kumar , Shrivastava Rahul , Kotnis Ashwin Laxmikant
Published: October 2023

Background
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the novel and highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing high mortality and morbidity globally. Currently, there is no approved medication for treating COVID-19. Phytoconstituents of Indian medicinal plants have potential for treating COVID-19 by targeting main protease potential of SARS-CoV-2.
Methods and Design:
Here the ability of 47 phytoconstituents from 20 plants to interact with the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce its activity has been investigated. The docking energy of the interaction was calculated by AutoDock software.
Results
We report Alliin (-12.61 Kcal/mol), Withanoside II & IV (-11.02 & 11.30 Kcal/mol) and 13-cis-β- carotene (-10.23 Kcal/ mol) shows strong binding with Mpro.
Conclusion
We have identified 11 potential phytoconstituents that bind to gamma variant of SCoV2 of which Cryptospirolepine is the most promising phytoconstituent. Further in vitro and in vivo studies will help in testing the usability of these compounds in tackling COVID-19.
A preliminary study of white matter disconnections underlying deficits in limb apraxia
Authors: Rounis Elisabeth , Thompson Elinor , Pacella Valentina , Nozais Victor , Pizzamiglio Gloria , Schotten Michel Thiebaut
Published: October 2023

Limb apraxia is an acquired higher-order motor disorder affecting skilful actions, often observed following a stroke. It is assessed on tasks involving gesture production, recognition, imitation, object use, and multi-object sequencing. A two-system model for the organisation of action has been hypothesised based on errors patients make on these tasks. This distinguishes between deficits conceptualising actions mediated by an ‘indirect’ route to action, and deficits in implementing skilful actions, mediated via a ‘direct’ route. We tested 29 stroke patients with left hemisphere lesions on comprehensive apraxic tasks provided by the Birmingham Cognitive Screening. We employed white matter disconnection mapping, derived from patients’ structural T1 lesions and a diffusion-weighted dataset composed of 176 healthy participants, acquired with 7 T MRI scans from the human connectome project (HCP). Our analysis revealed that deficits in meaningless gesture imitation were associated with significant disconnection of the left and right occipital lobes via the splenium of the corpus callosum. This finding highlights a possible role of the right hemisphere in mediating ‘direct’ pathway- visuomotor deficits associated with apraxia. Though we did not identify a significant difference in tasks pertaining to an ‘indirect’ pathway in apraxia, there was a trend toward disconnection of the left fornix in gesture production tasks. Our results suggest separable disconnections associated with perceptual ‘direct’ and, possibly, more conceptual (memory-related) ‘indirect’ pathways. Further research with larger patient cohorts is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings, enhancing our understanding of the intricate neurobehavioural consequences of stroke, such as limb apraxia.
Stop Demographic-Based Health Disparity in Down Syndrome Screening. A Cross-Sectional Study Among Muslim Women Found Awareness of Screening Is Associated with A Favorable Attitude Toward Testing.
Authors: Arab Kholoud , Halawani Lujain
Published: October 2023

Objective
There is a general assumption that Muslim women refuse Down syndrome screening, and therefore, many health practitioners do not offer it or briefly discuss it with their patients. This study aims to objectively assess women's awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward Down Syndrome screening (D.S.S) in a Muslim-majority population.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among attendees of antenatal clinics at a major university hospital in Saudi Arabia, aiming for a sample size of at least 385. A semi-structured questionnaire assessed generic and specific awareness and knowledge of D.S.S (14 items) and attitudes (4 items). The knowledge and attitudes scores were calculated using a five-level agreement Likert-type scale.
Results
Of the 434 participants, 178 (41.0%) reported awareness of D.S.S. Factors associated with increased awareness were maternal age above 40 or under 30, nulliparity, and extended family history of D.S. (P value = 0.03,0.015, and 0.017, respectively). Recognized tests were ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency (71.9%) and first-trimester serum screening (58.4%). The sources of knowledge were obstetricians (53.9%), followed by family and friends (27%). The mean overall knowledge score was 53.9 ± 8.7 out of 70, and the mean attitude score was 17.4 ± 2.9 out of 20. Having (1–2) children is associated with a higher knowledge score, and most participants who reported awareness of D.S.S. (51.7%) had a favorable attitude toward screening.
Conclusion
Awareness of D.S.S. is associated with favorable attitudes towards testing, contradicting the general assumption highlighting the need for systematic education to increase testing uptake.
Effects of Pilates Exercises on Spine Deformities and Posture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Fangyi , Dev Roxana Dev Omar , Soh Kim Geok , Wang Chen , Yuan Yubin
Published: October 2023

Background: Pilates is becoming increasingly popular amongst a wide range of people and is gaining more attention. It is also an effective means of physical rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the effects of Pilates on spinal deformity and posture.
Method: A search was conducted using five recognised academic and scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar) to identify articles that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The search process for this study was documented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020). The 9 studies included in the review were assessed using the PEDro scale.
Results: Pilates can be effective in correcting spinal deformities and posture, as well as improving quality of life, relieving pain, improving function and enhancing fitness.
Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review provide substantial evidence that Pilates has a positive impact on improving spinal deformity and posture. Pilates has considerable potential for public health interventions.
Risk of Binge Eating Disorder in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Screened for Metabolic Features
Authors: Brodosi Lucia , Stecchi Michele , Marchignoli Francesca , Lucia Elisabetta , Magnani Lucia , Guarneri Valeria , Petroni Maria Letizia , Marchesini Giulio , Pironi Loris
Published: October 2023

Purpose - Very few data exist on the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and eating disorders. The study was aimed to evaluate the presence of binge eating disorder (BED), frequently associated with obesity, in NAFLD subjects screened for the features of metabolic syndrome.
Methods - Demographic, clinical investigation, anthropometric measurements and laboratory were collected in 129 patients with NAFLD (34.1% males; age, 53.7 years; BMI, 34.4 kg/m2) addressed by general practitioners to a hospital-based unit of metabolic disorders. The risk of binge eating was tested by the binge eating scale (BES); values in the range 17-26 were considered “possible” BED, values > 26 were considered “probable” BED. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were tested by surrogate biomarkers and imaging (transient elastography). Calorie intake and lifestyle were self-assessed by questionnaires.
Results - Possible BED was present in 17.8% of cases, probable BED in another 7.6%, and were neither associated with gender, obesity class, diabetes, features of metabolic syndrome, nor with presence and severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Also steatosis grade by CAP and fibrosis stage by liver stiffness did not correlate with BES. However, an association was present between the daily caloric intake and “possible” BED (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.24; “probable” BED, 1.21; 1.07-1.37), after adjustment for confounders.
Conclusion - Binge eating, as scored by BES, is present in a significant proportion of NAFLD cases screened for metabolic disorders. It may impact behavioral treatment, reducing the chance of weight loss without systematic psychological support.
Optimally Shaped Nanotubes for Field Concentration
Authors: Kostas Konstantinos , Valagiannopoulos Constantinos
Published: October 2023

The problem of concentrating electromagnetic fields into a nanotube from an ambient source of light, is considered. An isogeometric analysis approach, in a boundary element method setting, is employed to evaluate the local electric field, which is represented with the exact same basis functions used in the geometric representation of the nanotube. Subsequently, shape optimization of the nanotubes is performed with the aim of maximizing the field concentration in their interior. The optimization framework comprises: (i) one global optimizer implemented as the combination of a derivative-free guided random search approach and a gradient-based algorithm for accurately determining the shape at the final stages, (ii) one parametric modeler generating valid non-self-intersecting nanotube shapes with a relatively small number of parameters, and (iii) one isogeometric-enabled boundary element method solver approximating the value of the electric field on the nanotube with high accuracy. The optimal shapes for a wide range of optical sizes are determined, resulting in a collected energy enhancement of more than two orders of magnitude, compared to the respective circular designs. Importantly, the frequency and angular responses of selected optimal shapes tend to maintain their superior performance over extensive wavelength and directional bands. Therefore, the presented results may assist substantially the photonic inverse design in nanotube-based setups with applications spanning from field localization and power accumulation to wave steering and energy harvesting