bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Software-Defined Networking for Cloud-Based IoT Systems
Authors: Singh Garima
Published: October 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the current and future state of the internet. The large number of things (objects) connected to the internet produces a huge amount of data that needs a lot of effort and processing operations to transfer it to useful information. Maximizing the utilization of this paradigm requires fine-grained QoS support for differentiated application requirements, context-aware semantic information retrieval, and quick and easy deployment of resources, among many other objectives. These objectives can only be achieved if components of the IoT can be dynamically managed end-to-end across heterogeneous objects, transmission technologies, and networking architectures. In this chapter, Software Defined Systems (SDS) is described as a new paradigm to hide all complexity in traditional system architecture by abstracting all the controls and management operations from the underling devices (things in the IoT) and setting them inside a middleware layer, a software layer, using a software-based control plane.
Extending IoTs Into the Cloud-Based Platform for Examining Amazon Web Services
Authors: Kaur Jagdeep , Sharma Meghna
Published: October 2017

The public cloud Amazon Web Service (AWS) provides a wide range of services like computation, networking, analytics, development and management tools, application services, mobile services, and management of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT is an excellent IoT cloud platform and is exclusively responsible for connecting devices into various fields like healthcare, biology, municipal setup, smart homes, marketing, industrial, agriculture, education, automotive, etc. This chapter highlights many other initiatives promoted by AWS IoT. The main motive of this chapter is to present how AWS IoT works. The chapter starts with the design principles of AWS IoT services. Further, the authors present a detailed description of the AWS IoT components (e.g., Device SDK, Message Broker, Rule Engine, Security and Identity Service, Thing Registry, Thing Shadow, and Thing Shadow Service). The chapter concludes with a description of various challenges faced by AWS IoT and future research directions.
Topaz Japanese-American Relocation Center Digital Collection
Authors: Lauridsen Lindsay
Published: October 2017

The Topaz Japanese-American Relocation Center Digital Collection was a digitization project carried out by the Digital Initiatives Department of Utah State University's Merrill-Cazier Library. This case study provides a background on Utah State University, Merrill-Cazier Library, and Digital Initiatives. The mission, technology acquired, consortium involvement, and organization of Digital Initiatives are discussed. A description of the case provides an overview of the Topaz digitization project, which includes background on the Topaz collection, project assignments, technology components, technological issues, and organization considerations. The technological and organizational issues stemmed from the CONTENTdm software, image quality, standardized file naming format, and collaboration with Mountain West Digital Library, other institutions, and library departments within Merrill-Cazier Library. The current status of these issues and continued improvement of these issues are discussed.
Transitioning from Print to Online-Only Resources
Authors: Glusker Ann , Hoelscher Elisa
Published: October 2017

The Pacific Health Organization's Medical Library transitioned from its holdings being entirely in print to entirely online in an extremely short time span—the bulk of the process happened in less than six months. Leadership interests and support drove this transition, as did cost concerns and the interest in providing equal access to a geographically dispersed staff. Flexible staff that was able to adapt to new roles and a robust interlibrary loan system made the change possible. There were initial costs, but on the whole, there were mostly benefits to the change, financial and otherwise. Patron reception was more negative among those with less comfort in the digital environment, but most adjusted well. Ongoing challenges include marketing and maintaining patron awareness without a physical space, meeting user expectations for quick and easy access and information, and keeping up to date with emerging technologies, such as applications for mobile devices.
Peer-to-Peer Outreach and Promotion
Authors: Twait Michelle
Published: October 2017

This chapter offers both examples and recommendations for involving undergraduate students in academic library outreach efforts. Librarians at Gustavus Adolphus College employ a variety of methods for connecting with undergraduate students through their peers. Specifically, an internship program is described, along with initiatives developed through collaboration with student organizations on campus. In addition, the relationship between outreach efforts and the educational mission of academic libraries is discussed.
Making Connections, Building Community
Authors: Henrich Kristin J.
Published: October 2017

In 2009, the University of Idaho embarked on an ambitious five year plan to redesign library space and build community through increased programming, intentional partnerships, and student engagement in the design process. Guided by quantitative and qualitative research in the form of LibQual, observational studies, and student surveys, librarians implemented incremental space redesign to create collaborative, inclusive, and community-based environment for social and scholarly pursuits. Librarians found that student-led initiatives were the most successful in building a community of library allies, aligning with the philosophy of the Communicative Commons, but also valued the related opportunities to partner with teaching faculty, student service organizations, and external campus partners. This chapter will seek to provide a balance of theoretical goals with practical steps for implementation, supplemented with examples gleaned from librarians' experiences in community building at the University of Idaho.
Building the “Bridge” Between Two Liberal Arts College Libraries
Authors: Lembke Roberta L. , Schaffner Bradley L.
Published: October 2017

The Bridge Consortium was formed in 2003/04 for the express purpose of sharing library materials between Carleton and St. Olaf Colleges more efficiently. The first step was the decision by the libraries to adopt a single shared library system. The success of this endeavor set the stage for a much deeper level of collaboration between the two institutions. A consortium governance structure was established, which included working groups to manage and develop shared operations in key functional areas. Through these working groups, policies and procedures were developed to guide Bridge Consortium work, and new initiatives were developed to broaden the scope of collaboration. Since then, the combined staffs of the Carleton and St. Olaf Libraries have expanded the range of resources available to faculty, staff and students on both campuses, improved search and retrieval of materials, and provided comparable user services and experiences.
Service-Oriented Reference Architecture for Digital Library Systems
Authors: Palanivel K. , Kuppuswami S.
Published: October 2017

Developing and maintaining Digital Libraries requires substantial investments that are not simply a matter of technological decisions but also organizational issues. While digital libraries hold plenty of promise both now and for the future, they have been slow in taking off. Some digital libraries have either been completely abandoned or they have been put on hold indefinitely. One of the reasons for this predicament is that developers of digital libraries have approached their implementation the same traditional way of building applications, which is also akin to how structures of physical information organizations are built. Digital Libraries with their universal functionality may be even more flexible and reusable, if designed in a service-oriented manner. Such design should allow decreasing the effort of the creation of new digital libraries and the maintenance and scaling of currently existing large installations. Service-oriented architecture offers a better approach to building digital libraries, including streamlining business components, employing reusable services and connecting existing applications to communicate efficiently. The SOA is still a fairly new concept in DL systems. This chapter investigates the applicability of SOA as a fundamental architecture within the system. Its objective is to design a Service-Oriented Architecture for Digital Library System (DLS) using Web Service technology. SORADLS includes different layers which provide primitive services to the library applications built on top of the DLS. DLS techniques of personalization, alert, and caching build SORADLS as services. This architecture provides a fast, safe, convenient, and efficient service to users connected through the Internet.
Reports Generation With Koha Integrated Library System (ILS)
Authors: Adesola Adekunle P. , Olla Grace , Oshiname Roseline Mitana , Tella Adeyinka
Published: October 2017

The paper showcases various library house-keeping reports that can be generated effortlessly using Koha ILS. Examples of reports generated in Bowen University Library include Circulation, Acquisitions and Cataloguing/Classification reports. Circulation activity reports like user registration, patron category, overdue payments, item issue, returns and renewals are showcased. Acquisition reports highlighted include acquisitions by purchase and donation, expenditure on acquisitions and also by branch libraries, additions to the library collection and the status of the library database as required. Cataloguing reports such as additions of items to the entire library network, total item count and summation of item types are also highlighted. The paper concludes by sensitising libraries using Koha ILS of the unlimited potentials of Koha ILS for reports generation.
Invisible Community?
Authors: Bonnand Sheila , Hansen Mary Anne
Published: October 2017

In this chapter, Montana State University librarians share how they have expanded efforts to reach out to and provide equitable instruction services for its online graduate students, a population often underserved. After piloting a synchronous, online instruction program using web conferencing, librarians surveyed a targeted graduate program to determine if underserved students became more efficient researchers as a result of library instruction participation via web conferencing and if they are now taking fuller advantage of library resources and services. Students and faculty surveyed were positive about the newly created connection to the MSU community. However, findings revealed that many online graduate students work in research environments lacking the breadth and depth of resources they need. Further, many lack a connection to the MSU community and do not know that their institution's library resources are available to them. This discovery means that academic libraries should strengthen activities designed to build community among online students.
Surviving Sandy
Authors: Chin Sushan
Published: October 2017

This chapter offers a case study on how the New York University medical archives, located in New York City, recovered from Superstorm Sandy and resumed operations. The importance of having the right tools, such as a disaster plan and business continuity plans, are emphasized. With the right tools, institutions can recover from disasters of most magnitudes. Experiences shared in this chapter include working with a disaster recovery company, implementing digital technology to provide access to library and archival collections, and utilizing social media and other Web 2.0 technology to improve communications between staff and patrons. These experiences will assist archivists, curators, and special collections managers in preparing for and recovering from a major disaster.
You Can “Like” It on Paper Too
Authors: Muszkiewicz Rachael
Published: October 2017

In response to literature on libraries as space and the Millennial generation, this chapter speaks to the importance of the academic library as both social and communal space and how to communicate with today's college students. These case studies illustrate that students can be reached through analog displays, building an unconscious community between students as a group and students with the library. Community built within the academic library is discussed in light of these analog displays, the current library literature and via sociological positions. It is concluded that although it is thought that students want digital or online communication only, the highest amount of interaction with displays come from the traditional, analog elements.
Moving from Co-Location to Cooperation to Collaboration
Authors: Bodolay Rosemary , Frye Steve , Kruse Carrie , Luke Dave
Published: October 2017

Through collaboration with faculty and other campus partners, libraries have become centers of innovation in teaching and learning with technology. The authors, representing library, technology, and program staff from partnerships at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, will present a framework based on Joan Lippincott's definitions of co-location, cooperation and collaboration. Learn how to assess and develop your partnerships and how the diversity and adjacency of learning spaces, resources, services, and staff are redefining the library and the library's role within an academic institution.
Resource Sharing and Mutually Beneficial Cooperation
Authors: Yin Qi , Yingying Wu , Yan Zhou , Xiaojia Meng
Published: October 2017

Beilun Library is a joint-use college/public library in Ningbo of Zhejiang Province. Beginning with the location background and functional layout of Beilun Library, the author elaborates upon its management mode of “a balance of centralization and decentralization,” as well as its achievements. Meanwhile, the article presents the development vision of Beilun Library and further explores the mutual management mechanism on team development, digital resource sharing, co-construction of special collection, and management innovation.
Emergency Planning (R)Evolution
Authors: Lock Mary Beth , Fansler Craig , Webb Meghan
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses how a library can revise its existing emergency, disaster, and Continuity of Operations plans, through the utilization of new technologies and an ongoing review cycle. While reviews of existing emergency plans typically happen in response to actual emergencies, this chapter encourages flipping that scenario by conducting ongoing reviews with a small, dedicated committee. The chapter identifies important steps to follow in revising emergency plans and discusses incorporating e-book and short form formats to enhance training and documentation.
Information Seeking Behaviour in Digital Library Contexts
Authors: Kwanya Tom
Published: October 2017

The environment in which library services are currently offered has changed drastically. The volume of information has grown enormously; the variety of information, its sources and format of presentation have increased; the speed of information flow has increased; times and places to experience communication media have expanded; the number of information perspectives and points of view has exploded; and the people's interest in and expectation of the availability of information have grown. The information users have also changed and now exhibit remarkably unique information seeking behaviour. They basically want synthesised information with the least effort. They are intolerant to any forms of delay and get bored very fast. Librarians must understand the emerging information seeking behaviour and the resultant expectations to be able to satisfy the users' information needs closely. As they do so, they must acknowledge that the uptake of traditional services has dropped drastically and that it is much easier to follow the library users into their digital echo chambers than try to attract them back to the conventional library spaces.
Collaborative Weeding Among Public University Libraries Can Lead to Cost Savings for All
Authors: Levenson Helen N.
Published: October 2017

All academic libraries strive to have the highest quality collections which their acquisition budgets can support. However, the cost of quality resources continues to regularly increase, typically without corresponding increases in acquisition budgets. Additionally, print resources come with associated storage costs which are less tangible to measure than acquisition costs but which nonetheless have impact on overall library operations and expenditures. Storage and retention costs can have a substantial negative impact on general library usage, relevancy, and budget allocations. This chapter will focus on the management of retaining and weeding print monographs within the medium-sized public academic library and what a group of Michigan public academic libraries are doing to collectively address weeding and retention issues through the preliminary phase of a program called the Michigan Shared Print Initiative (MI-SPI).
Beyond the Collection
Authors: Dixon Jill , Abashian Nancy
Published: October 2017

It is inevitable that library staff will need to respond to natural disasters and emergency situations – often with little or no advance warning. An important part of emergency planning is addressing public and staff safety prior, during, and immediately following emergencies. All libraries need to develop a comprehensive emergency plan with clear, consistent, and concise policies and procedures for staff. The plan needs to provide detailed instructions for all types of potential emergency situations and should be periodically re-evaluated and updated to address new concerns or when new information or resources become available. This chapter will discuss the process of creating an emergency plan for public and staff safety, including reviewing resources, consulting with experts, developing new policies and procedures, and disseminating the information to staff.
Special Library Standards
Authors: Yap Joseph M. , Ramos Mila M.
Published: October 2017

This chapter will provide an overview of the existing standards being observed in the Philippines. With the fractionalization of various special library associations, how does the Philippine Board for Librarians (BFL) coordinate and monitor special libraries with regard to the application and tracking of the standards? The chapter will also talk about various library associations catering to special librarianship in the country. In addition, it will mention some consortia particularly established for networking and resource-sharing of special libraries which can address part nine of the revised draft standards of 2013.
Public Libraries and the Right to the [Smart] City
Authors: Blewitt John
Published: October 2017

The future of public libraries has been threatened by funding cuts and new digital technologies which have led many people to question their traditional role and purpose. However, freedom of information, ready access to knowledge and information literacy in all its digital and analog guises are more important than ever. Thus, public libraries remain significant spaces and places where people can socially interact and learn. In many countries public libraries are reinventing themselves and part of this process has been the redesign of library services and the design and construction of new library building and facilities that articulate the values, purpose and role of what has been termed ‘the next library'. Following discussion of new library developments in London, Birmingham and Worcester in the UK, Aarhus in Denmark and Helsinki in Finland, the article concludes that public libraries are now both social and media spaces as well as being important physical places that can help city dwellers decide what type of urban world they want to see.
Reproductive Medicine and Medical Tourism
Authors: Utsunomiya Takafumi
Published: October 2017

Reproductive medicine is practiced in a distinctive environment. This environment is shaped by the rapid pace of medical advancement, and the fact that reproductive medical tourism tends to involve third parties. There are many unresolved problems and a need for guidelines to advance proper medical practice. There are also differences in historical, political, religious, and social environments in the destinations involved in reproductive medical tourism. These generate problems relating to the rights and welfare of both patients and children. This chapter discusses these and other problems concerning differences in legal regimes, and discrepancies between the treatment received in the destination country and that provided after returning home. Most significantly, the problems are accompanied by a failure to acknowledge the paramount importance of the rights not only of patients, but also of unborn children. To engage in reproductive medical tourism without regard for these rights is not permissible.
From Amusement and Entertainment Tourism to Balneotherapy and Health Promotion Tourism
Authors: Eto Hajime
Published: October 2017

Since the prehistoric era, balneotherapy has been important as a folk therapy in Japan, where the greatest number of hot springs (spas) have been developed, utilized for balneotherapy, and enjoyed by many citizens in the world. In the last centuries, however, hot spring areas chose the “economic rational behavior” to convert from balneotherapy resorts to commercialized amusement and entertainment resorts for the purpose of economic development. This chapter describes this history and then casts light on the blind spots thus far ignored in one-disciplinary approaches. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this chapter views the problems in the medical, behavioral, regional and national dimensions. Then, this chapter explores the sustainable systems of balneotherapy-centered region and the strategies to reconvert hot spring resorts to balneotherapeutic resorts in the sense of modern medicine and hygiene. This chapter proposes the utilization of medical electronic apparatuses and medical communication network systems to promote medical tourism in local areas. Finally, this chapter discusses the acceptability of the strategies to the medical and local communities.
The Impact of Social Network on Italian Users' Behavioural Intention for the Choice of a Medical Tourist Destination
Authors: Di Virgilio Francesca , Camillo Angelo A. , Camillo Isabell C.
Published: October 2017

Tourism represents one of the most important industries in the global economy. Medical tourism is not a new phenomenon: mankind has traveled to foreign lands to access treatment for many years. Current research in information and communication technology considerably affects the tourism industry by providing innovative tools capable, on the one hand, of supporting tourists in organizing their holidays and, on the other, of supplying fast and efficient information on tourist destination. Published literature shows that many aspects of medical tourists' behavior are under-researched. One of these aspects is the impact of social media on tourists' behavior for the choice of tourist medical destination, which is the original focus of this research. This paper explores how a social network can become a strategic platform using eWOM (electronic Word of Mouth) as a tool for disseminating fast and detailed information for the choice of medical tourist destination. A survey instrument was used to collect information from Italian active users of a social network: Facebook. Data was solicited from 960 active, experienced users. The findings support the development of medical tourism communication strategies focused on the online contexts as factors capable of influencing medical tourists' behavior in a more efficient way. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Halal Branding for Medical Tourism
Authors: Medhekar Anita , Haq Farooq
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores the emergence and development of Halal branded hospitals and medical facilities as a product of Medical Tourism for Muslim patients around the world and in India. Halal tourism is a sub-category of spiritual tourism, where one has to abide by the Sharia law to satisfy Muslim customers. The main objective of the chapter is to focus on a niche category of halal medical tourism, where Sharia rules are followed to attract the medical tourist mainly from Islamic countries. This chapter also proposes a typology of Muslim medical tourist's cultural sensitivities and recommends branding and certifying Halal Medical Tourism hospitals, healthcare facilities, pharmaceuticals, products, and services to attract Muslim patients, and provides challenges and opportunities with future research directions. The case studied in this chapter is of the Global Health City, the first Halal Certified Medical Hospital facility in Chennai, India. It presents a model for halal branding of Indian Medical Tourism based on the halal decision-making paradigm for Muslim customers designed by Wilson and Liu (2010). The model presented here indicates attitudes of being rational or emotional and elements reflecting affective and cognitive feelings for Muslim patients seeking halal treatment in halal hospitals.
Role of Internet in the Development of Medical Tourism Service in Tunisia
Authors: Bouzaabia Olfa , Bouzaabia Rym , Mejri Kais
Published: October 2017

Medical tourism is gaining importance through the last decades thanks to internationalization. in this area, internationalization has been facilitated by the internet revolution that enables instantaneous transmission of text, audio and visual data as well as graphics, which makes the medical consultation distance shorter and moreover reliable. a state of the art on internationalization, medical tourism and digital marketing has been presented. Furthermore, the authors, through a rich case study of the International Medical Embassy, examined the role played by the different digital marketing techniques in the development of medical tourism services in an emerging country such as Tunisia. based that, theoretical as well as practical recommendations are presented.
Health Tourism in Iran
Authors: Ayoubian A.
Published: October 2017

This chapter shows that Iran has similar advantages to countries with a more developed brand of health tourism, including low costs, quality health services, competent doctors, and abundant natural and cultural attractions. The Health and Medical Ministry has developed 6 mandatory guidelines for medical centers receiving health tourists: these include the general condition of the facility, the workforce, medical facilities, geographical location, operational conditions, and the content of medical center websites. The Ministry offers facilities to hospitals and organizations applying to join the medical tourism program. In particular, the progressive provision of medical procedures, the distribution and marketing of health services, medical training, medical products, and equipment, is within a standardized framework of guidelines and development priorities. The chapter concludes that these interventions are designed to establish an effective presence in world and regional medical tourism markets.
Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms With Unified Power Flow Controller to Enhance the Power System Performance
Authors: Kumar G. V. Nagesh , Rao B. Venkateswara , Chowdary D. Deepak , Sobhan Polamraju V. S.
Published: October 2017

In this chapter a multi objective optimal power flow (OPF) is obtained by using latest Metaheuristic optimization techniques BAT search algorithm (BAT), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and firefly algorithm (FA) with Unified power flow controller (UPFC). UPFC is a voltage source converter type Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device. It is able to control the voltage magnitudes, voltage angles and line impedances individually or simultaneously. To enhance the power system performance, the optimal power flow has been incorporated UPFC along with BAT algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm and firefly algorithm based multi objective function comprising of two objectives those are total real power loss and the fuel cost of total real power generation. The BAT algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm and firefly algorithm based OPF has been examined and tested on a 5 bus test system and modified IEEE 30 bus system without and with UPFC. The results obtained with BAT algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm and firefly algorithms are compared with Differential Evaluation (DE).
Chaotic Differential-Evolution-Based Fuzzy Contrast Stretching Method
Authors: Dhal Krishna Gopal , Das Sanjoy
Published: October 2017

This study concentrates to develop one novel parameterized Bi-Histogram Fuzzy Contrast Stretching (BHFCS) method for enhancing the contrast of the grey level as well as color images properly. The parameters of this method have been optimized by employing one modified Chaotic Differential Evolution (CDE) with the combined assistance of Fractal Dimension (FD) and Quality Index based on Local Variance (QILV) as objective function. Experimental results prove that the modified DE gives better result than particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and traditional DE in this enhancement domain and the used objective function is also very useful to preserve the image's original brightness which is the one of the main criterion of the consumer electronics field.
Hybrid Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Sankhadeep , Sarkar Sarbartha , Dey Nilanjan , Ashour Amira S. , Sen Soumya
Published: October 2017

Water pollution due to industrial and domestic reasons is highly affecting the water quality. In undeveloped and developed countries, it has become a major reason behind a number of water borne diseases. Poor public health is putting an extra economic liability in order to deploy precautionary measures against these diseases. Recent research works have been directed toward more sustainable solutions to this problem. It has been revealed that good quality of water supply can not only improve the public health, it also accelerates economic growth of a geographical location as well. Water quality prediction using machine learning methods is still at its primitive stage. Besides, most of the studies did not follow any national or international standard for water quality prediction. In the current work, both the problems have been addressed. First, advanced machine learning methods, namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) supported by a well-known multi-objective optimization algorithm called the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) has been used to classify the water samples into two different classes. Secondly, Indian national standard for water quality (IS 10500:2012) has been utilized for this classification task. The hybrid NN-NSGA-II model is compared with another two well-known meta-heuristic supported ANN classifiers, namely ANN trained by Genetic Algorithm (NN-GA) and by Particle Swarm Optimization (NN-PSO). Apart from that, the support vector machine (SVM) has also been included in the comparative study. Besides analysing the performance based on several performance measuring methods, the statistical significance of the results obtained by NN-NSGA-II has been judged by performing Wilcoxon rank sum test with 5% confidence level. Results have indicated the ingenuity of the proposed NN-NSGA-II model over the other classifiers under current study.
Understanding the Relationship Between the State and Markets in Public Administration
Authors: Kasymova Jyldyz T.
Published: October 2017

This chapter evaluates several theoretical perspectives to examine the role of the state and its relationship with markets. It divides theories into two groups: macro and micro. The macro theories covered in the chapter include Adam Smith's approach, Keynesian views, the Austrian school of thought, Marxism, pluralist theory, public choice approach, and elite theory. The selected macro theories provide an elaborate perspective on the relationship between markets and the state. In order to have a holistic picture the chapter also discusses several micro theories, which effectively depict the relationship between markets and the state from the budgetary perspective. Incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium are included in the evaluation. The application of theories in relation to specific public policies is provided.
The Economic and Social Equity Challenges in Addressing Charter Schools in New York City
Authors: Genao Soribel
Published: October 2017

Given the recent change in administration in New York City, this chapter examines Mayor De Blasio's position on the charter school debate. Because charter schools are housed in public facilities, this issue reflects both political and market matters. This chapter will reveal the economic and social equity issues affecting the co-locations of charter and traditional schools. As public administrators, the New York City Department of Education and Mayor de Blasio are responsible for providing students with the opportunity for sound basic education under the New York State Constitution- both traditional and chartered. Examining the impact of the relationships between government and private stakeholders will draw attention on how two school systems co-exist with distinct governance: one publicly funded and governed and the other publicly funded and privately governed.
The Growing Separation Between Markets and Government
Authors: Greaves Paul
Published: October 2017

The nation's surface transportation infrastructure represents a key component to economic growth in the United States for the 21st century. The establishment of the Interstate Highway System in 1956 represents one of the country's greatest public works achievements. The funding mechanism has been the Highway Trust Fund that collects fuel taxes to finance transportation projects. The rationale for this structure was to create a self-financed program. Over the last couple of decades, fuel taxes have not kept pace with highway needs. This chapter will examine the widening funding gap and options for making the program a true pay-as-you-go system once again.
Public-Private Partnerships in Global Health
Authors: Papworth Erin , Ewing Whitney , Grosso Ashley
Published: October 2017

In global health in general and the field of HIV/AIDS in particular, market failures have occurred because those most affected by diseases are often the least able to pay for treatment and prevention. Public private partnerships (PPPs), such as those developed through the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, have been created to address this problem. One limitation of PPPs is their broad definition and thus, the inability to measure and compare outcomes across partnership types. Nevertheless, appropriately planned, well-measured and mutually beneficial PPPs have shown important results in both the betterment of health sector delivery and the fight against single diseases, such as HIV/AIDS globally.
Enhancing Competitiveness of Public Utilities in Nigeria
Authors: Oritsejafor Emmanuel O.
Published: October 2017

The poor performance of the state owned electricity company the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), has provided the impetus for the establishment of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). However, despite the power sector reforms in Nigeria the country has continued to face massive challenges in the generation and distribution of electricity.
Innovation in the Provision of Medical Services in India
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Verma Rajeev
Published: October 2017

As healthcare industry is on the crossroads-experiencing gamut of innovations to make treatment options efficient and cost effective, technology is playing an important role enabling knowledge management and resource allocation. Our study focuses on the innovation process through which customer acquisition and retention influences firm innovativeness in healthcare industry and develops a model of customer acquisition and retention orientation – resource and knowledge diversity – performance relationship. In this paper, we studied the role of two enabling constructs namely, customer acquisition and retention on firm innovativeness to determine the relevance of these efforts for incorporation into the proposed healthcare model (CARMS Model). With primary data collected from 267 strategic business units (hospitals) from India, authors demonstrate that a firm's focus on customer acquisition enhances its innovation performance. However, the same is partially proven in the case of customer retention. These effects are stimulated by diversity in customer knowledge and the firm's resource exploration. Overall, the effect of a firm's strategic focus on acquiring new customers and/or retaining existing customers (customer acquisition and retention orientations) on innovation performance is evaluated.
Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Farming
Authors: Kumar V. Hemanth , Sentamilselvan K.
Published: October 2017

In the rapid growing urbanization, especially in the metros, it is not sure that it really leads to development of the society nor becoming a threat to it. The urbanization leads to shrinkage of the fertile and farming lands to concrete monuments for human to work in an artificial atmosphere. The vertical urbanization is very common in the cities than horizontal, due to shortage of lands. This leads to the vital resources of food and vegetables in scarce for the drastically overflowing population, ends up in fast foods and packed foods culture, that is far from organic foods, which is a clear path towards obesity, diabetes and high rate of heart disease among the youth. This study is an initiative to bring out the feasibility of urban farming that struggles to strengthen its roots in our nation. The research focuses on the challenges and opportunities of urban farming in the society. The outcomes shall bring out societal views on urban farming and the suggest ways to overcome the hindrances and facilitate the people towards utilizing the opportunities of urban farming with its benefits and ‘Let the City Grow Green', which is the way to enrich health for their present and future generations.
Engineering the Roadmap of Reverse Innovation
Authors: Reyes-Mercado Pável
Published: October 2017

The reverse innovation concept has gained traction in the practitioner and academic domains since it alters the traditional view of innovations flowing from developed countries to emerging markets. Reverse innovations depart from the assumption that product development appeals to value offers with reduced performance and radically lower price points for consumers in emerging markets. Existing literature on reverse innovations has been limited to analyse case studies and anecdotic evidence but a systematic framework is needed to innovate in systematic ways. Drawing from the technology planning and forecasting, this paper proposes that technology roadmaps are suitable tools to analyse how a reverse innovation designed initially in an emerging market encroaches developed countries. At the firm level, roadmaps integrate technology planning, product development, and market aspects. Hence, they become suitable tools to design and commercialize products and services based on the reverse innovation paradigm.
A Study on Financial Performance Analysis of Tata Steel and Jindal Steel Works
Authors: Rout Biswajit , Patjoshi Pramod Kumar , Khuntia Sai Santoshini
Published: October 2017

The present study aims to identify the financial strength and weakness of the Indian Steel and Mines industries by properly establishing relationship between the items of the balance sheet and Profit and loss account. The study has been undertaken for the period of 10 years from 2006-07 to 2015-16 and the data has been obtained from CMIE database. The Mining industry in India is a major economic activity, which contributes significantly to the economy of India. The GDP contribution of the mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5% only but going by the GDP of the total industrial sector it contributes around 10% to 11%. This research paper focuses on the financial performance analysis of Tata Steel and Jindal Steel Works based on liquidity, profitability, efficiency, leverage ratio and market value ratio. This will help the investor to take decision regarding investment, and the company to learn its profitability and growth prospect.
Work Role Stress and Employee Outcomes
Authors: Chhabra Bindu
Published: October 2017

Work Stress is taking its toll on the working adults and the evidence of its detrimental effects is building in India as in United States and other developed countries. Research has shown that the work stress can lead to physical and psychological disorders that reduce job performance and negatively affect other employee outcomes. The purpose of the study was to examine the direct effect of work role stress on job satisfaction and two dimensions of employee outcomes i.e., organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and turnover intention in the Indian organizations. The study further aimed to investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between work role stress and two employee outcomes, i.e., organizational citizenship behaviour and turnover intentions. Data, using a structured questionnaire comprising the standard scales for work role stress, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviour and turnover intentions, was collected from a diverse range of organizations in Delhi and NCR.
Deriving Psychodynamics Among Consumers Through Social Media
Authors: Moctezuma Natasha Patricia Bojorges
Published: October 2017

Despite an increasing interest in understanding consumer behaviour through social media, there is paucity of research concerning psychodynamics among consumers derived by online social networks in emerging economies. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of vloggers (video bloggers) as key network performers to derive consumer psychodynamics (consumers' interactions reflected in a company) through social media, specifically YouTube, through the lens of the experiential view and the Social Network Theory. This work will contribute to the extant literature by determining (1) the relevance of the experiential view approach in online social networks' performance, (2) how psychodynamics among consumers are conducted through social media, specifically YouTube, and (3) how key network performers as YouTube's vloggers derive psychodynamics among consumers. Using an inductive approach and grounded theory to analyse the results, the research findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of online consumer behaviour, therefore, yields more valuable information by examining the experiential view in a digital environment.
Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty in NCR
Authors: Parhi Arpit Kumar , Misra Pooja
Published: October 2017

In India, the retail industry is rapidly growing and the US$ 600 Billion industry is all set to touch the US$ 1 Trillion mark by 2020. With rising disposable income levels, Indian consumers are getting sophisticated day by day and gone are the days when customers are dependent on a handful of brands. All the retailers are trying to woo customers by making their products available according to the convenience of customers and gain a share of the customer's wallet. The availability of many brands is making the customers try different brand which is decreasing customer loyalty. Loyal customers are always helpful for a retailer as the life time value of loyal customers is much higher than that of disloyal customers. The research study aims to understand and analyse the factors affecting customer loyalty in NCR. The research studies four major factors which impact customer loyalty, i.e., customer service of the retailer, brand image of the retailer, trustworthiness of the retailer and special benefits provided by the retailer to the loyal customers.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Knowledge Management for Succession
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel , Baños-Monroy Verónica Ilián , Ramírez-Solís Edgar Rogelio
Published: October 2017

Research on entrepreneurial orientation and its relation with family SMEs has been primarily focused on value creation, and not how this value can be generated on the succession process. At this respect, paternalism plays a crucial role in reinforcing family inertia, as Mexican firms are traditional and generally closed to changes. In this chapter, four Mexican family SMEs are analyzed to study how the entrepreneurial orientation of Mexican family firms has effects on both the entrepreneurial performance and the succession process.
Innovation and Inclusiveness Through Knowledge Management in Indian SMEs
Authors: Maheshkar Snehal Pravin
Published: October 2017

Small is the new big. Globally SMEs are taking a centre stage in the promotion of economic development to employment generation and women empowerment. The SMEs constitute over 90% of total enterprises in most of the economies. Due to changing global economic scenario SMEs are visualizing a ray of hope. On the other hand, due to fierce competition they are forced to work on competitive advantage for sustainable growth. Innovations are required to achieve competitiveness. and for Innovation requires proper Knowledge Management. Intellectual capital is a new buzz word. Globally organizations have acknowledged the importance of knowledge workers and their knowledge. Many SMEs have also realized the importance of Knowledge Management and implemented it successfully, while some are working on it.
Implementing Namibian Horticultural Market Share Promotion Scheme Through Knowledge Management
Authors: Uusiku Frans N.
Published: October 2017

The application of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) and non-automatic import licensing schemes has been a source of intense debate to date. This case study research assessed the consistency of the implementation of the Namibian Horticultural Market Share Promotion Scheme (MSPS) under the Import Licensing Agreement of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). A Likert scale was used to gauge sentiments on the level of compliance regarding the exceptions enriched in the Agreement, while a reliability test was conducted with the use of SPSS Software to measure the credibility of responses. The chapter further identified problems associated with the administration of the Scheme, and proposed recommendations that are viewed to be responsive to competitive challenges facing industries in the 21st century. The chapter concluded that despite some setbacks, the scheme is generally well accepted in the business community and is compatible with most provisions of the WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures. However, the chapter painted a bleak picture pertaining to the transparency thereof.
Alternate Techniques to Chart Practicality in Organizations
Authors: Mupepi Mambo G. , Essila Jean C. , Mensah Abigail Opoku , Mupepi Sylvia C.
Published: October 2017

The discourse presented in this chapter is about alternative change management techniques hinged on pragmatic social construction ontology to champion productivity. All companies are designed and up-shoot specific goals. In those entities, talented individuals can be hired to play exact roles in the production of goods and services valued by customers. In addition, they collaborate to enhance explicit understanding needed in triumphant businesses. Data available show that corporations that prioritize activities by re-engineering the division of labor and comprehending emotional intelligence in organization yield increased outputs. The new specialists can define the explicitness critical to optimization of production and minimization of liabilities and typify that practice makes perfect in supporting extraordinary performance. Dividing work in the value-creation process enables innovative thinking to happen. The structure should be assessed and evaluated to match talents to tasks and to use the comparatives to advance team play necessary to win.