bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) maintain expression of the pluripotent gene network via recruitment of RNA polymerase II to coding and non-coding loci
Authors: Kelly RDW , Stengel KR , Chandru A , Johnson LC , Hiebert SW , Cowley SM
Published: April 2023

Histone acetylation is a dynamic modification regulated by the opposing actions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Deacetylation of histone tails results in chromatin tightening and therefore HDACs are generally regarded as transcriptional repressors. Counterintuitively, simultaneous deletion ofHdac1andHdac2in embryonic stem cells (ESC) reduced expression of pluripotent transcription factors,Oct4, Sox2andNanog(OSN). By shaping global histone acetylation patterns, HDACs indirectly regulate the activity of acetyl-lysine readers, such as the transcriptional activator, BRD4. We used inhibitors of HDACs and BRD4 (LBH589 and JQ1 respectively) in combination with precision nuclear run-on and sequencing (PRO-seq) to examine their roles in defining the ESC transcriptome. Both LBH589 and JQ1 caused a marked reduction in the pluripotent network. However, while JQ1 treatment induced widespread transcriptional pausing, HDAC inhibition caused a reduction in both paused and elongating polymerase, suggesting an overall reduction in polymerase recruitment. Using enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression to measure enhancer activity we found that LBH589-sensitive eRNAs were preferentially associated with super-enhancers and OSN binding sites. These findings suggest that HDAC activity is required to maintain pluripotency by regulating the OSN enhancer network via the recruitment of RNA polymerase II.
ARecql5mutant enables complex chromosomal engineering of mouse zygotes
Authors: Iwata Satoru , Nagahara Miki , Iwamoto Takashi
Published: April 2023

Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are often observed in clinical samples from patients with cancer and congenital diseases but are difficult to induce experimentally. For generating animal models, these CCRs must be induced as desired, otherwise they cause profound genome instability and/or result in cell death. Here, we report the first success in establishing animal models for CCRs. The disruption ofRecql5, which degrades RAD51 during DNA repair, successfully induces CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CCRs, establishing a mouse model containing triple fusion genes and megabase-sized inversions. Notably, some of these structural features of individual chromosomal rearrangements use template switching and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication mechanisms and are reminiscent of the newly described phenomenon “chromoanasynthesis.” Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the structural variants in these mice caused only target-specific rearrangements. Thus, these data show that Recql5-deficient mice would be a novel powerful tool for analyzing the pathogenesis of CCRs, particularly chromoanasynthesis, whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
High-THCCannabissmoke impairs working memory capacity in spontaneous tests of novelty preference for objects and odors in rats
Authors: Barnard Ilne L. , Onofrychuk Timothy J. , Toderash Aaron D. , Patel Vyom N. , Glass Aiden E. , Adrian Jesse C. , Laprairie Robert. B. , Howland John G.
Published: April 2023

Working memory (WM) is an executive function that orchestrates the use of a limited amount of information, referred to as working memory capacity (WMC), in cognitive functions. In humans,Cannabisexposure impairs WM; however, it is unclear ifCannabisfacilitates or impairs rodent WM. Existing literature also fails to address the effects ofCannabisexposure on rodent WMC using exposure paradigms that closely mirror patterns of human use. In the present study, WMC of rats was inferred by novelty preference after a short delay in spontaneous recognition-based tests. Either object or odor-based stimuli were used in different variations of the tests that present identical (IOT) and different (DOT) sets of stimuli (3 or 6) for low-and high-cognitive loads, respectively. Additionally, we present a human-machine hybrid (HYB) behavioral quantification approach which supplements stopwatch-based scoring with supervised machine learning (SML)-based classification, enabling behavioral data to be made publicly available. After validating the spontaneous tests, 6-item IOT and DOT tests with the HYB method were used to evaluate the impact of acute exposure to high-THC or high-CBDCannabissmoke on novelty preference. Under control conditions, rats showed novelty preference in all test variations. We found that high-THC, but not high-CBD,Cannabissmoke exposure impaired novelty preference for objects under a high-cognitive load. Odor-based recognition deficits were seen under both low-, and high-cognitive loads only following high-THC smoke exposure. Ultimately, these data show thatCannabissmoke exposure impacts novelty preference in a load-dependent, and stimuli-specific manner.

Significance Statement

Working memory (WM) capacity is the limited amount of information that can be utilized by WM to orchestrate processes like learning and memory. Using object-and odor-based spontaneous recognition tests, the impact of high-THC or high-CBDCannabissmoke on novelty preference was evaluated. Behavioral measurements were generated using a combination of open-source analysis software and traditional stopwatch scoring to form a human-machine hybrid (HYB) scoring method. We show novelty preference deficits under high-cognitive loads in object-based tests, while impacting novelty preference under both high-and low-cognitive loads in the odor-based tests. Ultimately, we show thatCannabissmoke exposure affects cognitive functions that underly WM in rats, which has broad implications for human use.
TheAchromobacterType 3 secretion system drives pyroptosis and immunopathology via independent activation of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes
Authors: Turton Keren , Parks Hannah , Zarodkiewicz Paulina , Hamad Mohamad A. , Dwane Rachel , Parau Georgiana , Ingram Rebecca J. , Coll Rebecca C. , Bryant Clare E. , Valvano Miguel A.
Published: April 2023

Achromobacterspecies are newly recognized opportunistic, pro-inflammatory Gram-negative pathogens in immunocompromised individuals, but how they interact with the innate immune system to drive inflammation is poorly understood. We createdsctV(Type 3 Secretion System baseplate) mutants in threeAchromobacterclinical isolates from two species and showed that all three required the T3SS to induce cell death in human macrophages. Mutating other critical T3SS components also abolished cell death, which was restored by genetic complementation. Cell death ofAchromobacter-infected macrophages was contact-dependent, enhanced by bacterial internalisation, and caused by inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis (typified by Gasdermin-D cleavage and IL-1β secretion). Macrophages deficient in the inflammasome sensors NLRC4 or NLRP3 underwent pyroptosis upon bacterial internalization but those deficient in both NLRC4 and NLRP3 did not, suggesting either sensor can mediate pyroptosis induction in a T3SS-dependent manner. Detailed analysis of the intracellular trafficking of one isolate indicated that the intracellular bacteria reside in an acidic LAMP-1/dextran-positive membrane compartment. Using an intranasal mouse infection model, we observed thatAchromobacterdamages lung structure and causes severe illness, contingent on a functional T3SS. Together, we demonstrate thatAchromobacterspecies can survive phagocytosis by macrophages and promote macrophage cell death and inflammation by redundant mechanisms of pyroptosis induction.
A Rapid, Functional sgRNA Screening Method for Generating Murine RET and NTRK1 Fusion Oncogenes
Authors: Schubert Laura , Le Anh T. , Hinz Trista K. , Navarro Andre , Nelson-Taylor Sarah K. , Nemenoff Raphael A. , Heasley Lynn E. , Doebele Robert C.
Published: April 2023

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology is an indispensable and powerful tool in the field of cancer biology. To conduct successful CRISPR-based experiments, it is crucial that sgRNAs generate their designed alterations. Here, we describe a simple and efficient sgRNA screening method for validating sgRNAs that generate oncogenic gene rearrangements. We used IL3-independence in Ba/F3 cells as an assay to identify sgRNA pairs that generate fusion oncogenes involving theRetandNtrk1tyrosine kinases. We confirmed these rearrangements with PCR or RT-PCR as well as sequencing. Ba/F3 cells harboringRetorNtrk1rearrangements acquired sensitivity to RET and TRK inhibitors, respectively. Adenoviruses encoding Cas9 and sgRNAs that catalyze theKif5b-RetandTrim24-Retrearrangements were intratracheally instilled into mice and yielded lung adenocarcinomas. A cell line (TR.1) was established from aTrim24-Retpositive tumor that exhibited highin vitrosensitivity to RET-specific TKIs. Moreover, orthotopic transplantation of TR.1 cells into the left lung yielded well-defined tumors that shrank in response to LOXO-292 treatment. The method offers an efficient means to validate sgRNAs that successfully target their intended loci for the generation of novel murine oncogene-driven tumor models.
SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 is required for IFN antagonism and efficient virus replication in mice
Authors: Alhammad Yousef M. , Parthasarathy Srivatsan , Ghimire Roshan , O’Connor Joseph J. , Kerr Catherine M. , Pfannenstiel Jessica J. , Chanda Debarati , Miller Caden A. , Unckless Robert L. , Zuniga Sonia , Enjuanes Luis , More Sunil , Channappanavar Rudragouda , Fehr Anthony R.
Published: April 2023

Several coronavirus (CoV) encoded proteins are being evaluated as targets for antiviral therapies for COVID-19. Included in this set of proteins is the conserved macrodomain, or Mac1, an ADP-ribosylhydrolase and ADP-ribose binding protein. Utilizing point mutant recombinant viruses, Mac1 was shown to be critical for both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV virulence. However, as a potential drug target, it is imperative to understand how a complete Mac1 deletion impacts the replication and pathogenesis of different CoVs. To this end, we created recombinant bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing complete Mac1 deletions (ΔMac1) in MHV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. While we were unable to recover infectious virus from MHV or MERS-CoV ΔMac1 BACs, SARS-CoV-2 ΔMac1 was readily recovered from BAC transfection, indicating a stark difference in the requirement for Mac1 between different CoVs. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 ΔMac1 replicated at or near wild-type levels in multiple cell lines susceptible to infection. However, in a mouse model of severe infection, ΔMac1 was quickly cleared causing minimal pathology without any morbidity. ΔMac1 SARS-CoV-2 induced increased levels of interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in cell culture and mice, indicating that Mac1 blocks IFN responses which may contribute to its attenuation. ΔMac1 infection also led to a stark reduction in inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. These results demonstrate that Mac1 only minimally impacts SARS-CoV-2 replication, unlike MHV and MERS-CoV, but is required for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and is a unique antiviral drug target.

SIGNIFICANCE

All CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, encode for a conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that counters host ADP-ribosylation. Prior studies with SARS-CoV-1 and MHV found that Mac1 blocks IFN production and promotes CoV pathogenesis, which has prompted the development of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors. However, development of these compounds into antivirals requires that we understand how SARS-CoV-2 lacking Mac1 replicates and causes diseasein vitroandin vivo. Here we found that SARS-CoV-2 containing a complete Mac1 deletion replicates normally in cell culture but induces an elevated IFN response, has reduced viral loadsin vivo, and does not cause significant disease in mice. These results will provide a roadmap for testing Mac1 inhibitors, help identify Mac1 functions, and open additional avenues for coronavirus therapies.
Wnt and BMP signalling direct anterior/posterior differentiation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Amel Atoosa , Rossouw Simoné , Goolam Mubeen
Published: April 2023

Stem cell-based embryo models have allowed greater insight into peri-implantation mammalian developmental events that are otherwise difficult to manipulate due to the inaccessibility of the early embryo. The rapid development of this field has resulted in the precise roles of frequently used supplements such as N2, B27 and Chiron in driving stem cell lineage commitment not being clearly defined. Here, we investigate the effects of these supplements on embryoid bodies to better understand their roles in stem cell differentiation. We show that Wnt signalling has a posteriorising effect on stem cell aggregates and directs differentiation towards the mesoderm, as confirmed through the upregulation of posterior and mesodermal markers. N2 and B27 can mitigate these effects and up-regulate the expression of anterior markers. To control the Wnt gradient and the subsequent anterior vs. posterior fate, we make use of a BMP4 signalling centre and show that aggregates in these conditions express cephalic markers. These findings indicate that there is an intricate balance between various culture supplements and their ability to set up the anterior/posterior axis in stem cell embryo models.

Summary Statement

The complex reagents used in ’stembryo’ protocols have unclear roles in stem cell differentiation in vitro requiring further investigation. This study examines their effects on embryoid bodies.
metaGraphos: a Web-based system for transcribing, proofreading and publishing scanned documents
Authors: Varthis Evagelos , Poulos Marios
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to present metaGraphos, a crowdsourcing system that aids in the transcription and semantic enhancement of scanned documents by using a pool of volunteers or people willing to participate in exchange for a financial reward.

Design/methodology/approach

The metaGraphos can be used in circumstances where optical character recognition fails to produce satisfactory results, semantic tagging or assigning thematic headings to texts is considered necessary or even when ground-truth data has to be collected in raw form.

Findings

The system automatically provides a Web-based interface comprising a static HTML page and JavaScript code that displays the scanned images of the document, coupled with the corresponding incomplete texts side by side, allowing users to correct or complete the texts in parallel.

Social implications

By assisting the parallel transcription and the semantic enhancement of difficult scanned documents, the system further reveals the hidden cultural wealth and aids in knowledge dissemination, a fact that contributes significantly to the academic-scientific dialog and feedback.

Originality/value

Individual researchers, libraries and organizations in general may benefit from the system because it is cost-effective, practical and simple to set up client–server architecture that provides a reliable way to transcribe texts or revise transcriptions on a large scale.
Social inclusion of disabled performers in the performing arts: a case from Türkiye
Authors: Collins Ayse , Fillis Ian , Sanal Zeynep Goknil
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding for the social inclusion of disabled performers in a developing country to create awareness and improve policies/practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed qualitative methodology, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews, site visits/observations and review of secondary data.

Findings

The data from different respondent groups showed the social inclusion should be reviewed at three levels: the state, society and individual. The review of existing policies revealed the neglect of the state regarding disabled people in general and even more so in performing arts due to the lack of enforcement of national and international agreements. Findings indicate that social inclusion of disabled performers is a minor issue, especially in a developing country where access to basic human rights and needs may be difficult. Amidst such difficulties, performing arts is not seen as a priority compared to other needs of disabled people and performers.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations include the limited number of disabled performers who could be identified and were willing to participate in the study. Those working in venues/public offices were also reluctant to participate. The greatest limitation was the broad lack of interest in disabled performers.

Originality/value

In Türkiye, studies on disabled people tend to focus on basic needs like health, education and employment. None, to best of researchers' knowledge, explore the social inclusion of disabled performers. This is an original study because it collects and discusses primary data on this topic, revealing the state-level negligence/oversight, the apathy of society and the degree to which an individual with disabilities must struggle to participate in performing arts. Consequently, this study shows the difficulty of developing social inclusion, equality and diversity in an emerging economy for disabled performers to raise awareness and present grounds for further legal enforcement. Moreover, implications allow for a global understanding of social inclusion that moves beyond a biased or privileged understanding/critique of disability centered on the developed world.
Studies of China's international aid to education: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Holst John D.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature addressing international aid to education, primarily focusing on China's aid principles and its practice of scholarship programs and short-term training held in higher education institutions (HEIs).

Design/methodology/approach

Using the systematic review approach, the authors identified 25 English-language articles in the academic databases. The review is driven by the analytical lenses of (a) the policy formulation and implementation of China's educational aid across macro-, meso- and micro-levels and (b) theories and methodologies that are commonly adopted in the existing studies.

Findings

The review identified three themes: (a) China's aid discourse in the international aid landscape, (b) critical reflections on educational aid program management and (c) international students' study experiences and perceptions of China. The authors also outline prevalent theories and methodological approaches used in the existing literature.

Research limitations/implications

This literature review provides a review of research on China's international aid to education in the past 20 years, as a frequently cited example of emerging donors that have taken alternative aid approaches, thus bringing about a broader and nuanced perspective of aid to education. It also generates implications for researchers who are interested in studying education and development in the global context.

Originality/value

This study provides is first systematic literature review of studies on international aid to education provided by emerging donors, taking China as an example, to summarize its aid principles and aid practice in China's HEIs.
Information consolidation and repackaging for augmented reality library service: a special reference to the Layar app
Authors: Kharat Santosh Abaji , Nagarkar Shubhada , Panage Bhausaheb
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to introduce the Layar augmented reality (AR) application among library users and to understand the user’s satisfaction towards the information services provided by the Layar application with the help of the structural equation model (SEM).

Design/methodology/approach

According to Thomas (2016), action research is mainly undertaken to develop new skills or new approaches and to solve issues and problems with direct application to any applied setting. The present study helps to develop new skills and approaches to repackaging information using AR applications. Researchers have identified the question of what could be done to increase the awareness of Layar AR applications among students. Because the Layar augmented application is one of the new tools for an academic library to repackage information for mass accessibility. Therefore, in the present action research approach, researchers encompass two activities action and research. Researchers have used participatory action research methods by collecting data from 17 MBA institute libraries affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University. Researchers have systematically used the Layar application in the library by obtaining permission from each higher authority. Researchers have designed a Layar satisfaction model using the SEM with AMOS and SPSS.

Findings

The researcher found that the relationship between experience, performance and service quality is positively significant. The user’s experience is satisfied with the Layar application, but users are not satisfied with the service quality and performance of the Layar application.

Research limitations/implications

This study tested Layar AR application in MBA libraries affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University in the Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad areas.

Practical implications

The Layar app helps the academic library to convert selected print collections into an AR feel for library users. This is an additional method of providing information services to users through mobile devices. A total of 157 students downloaded the Layar application from their handsets and provided feedback through a questionnaire. Researchers have found that the relationships between users and Layar experience, performance and service quality are positively significant. The user experience is satisfied with the Layar application, but users are not satisfied with the service quality and performance of the Layar application.

Originality/value

This study examined the performance, service quality and user experience of Layar applications. Structural equation and Modelling theories were used to examine the relationship between user satisfaction and information services using the Layar application.
Factors affecting the development of Lipu Yi costumes: intangible cultural heritage tourism
Authors: Fu Xiaohua , Sittithai Thanawan , Chankoson Thitinan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of tourists' perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention on the development of Lipu Yi costume culture to promote the development of intangible cultural tourism and better construct a model of the influencing factors of Lipu Yi costumes in the development of intangible cultural heritage tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The study site is the intangible cultural district of Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China. This study examines the interrelationships between tourists' perceived value of experience, behavioral intention and satisfaction as the tourists relate to Lipu Yi costume and intangible cultural heritage tourism. A sample of 225 tourists who had visited Panzhihua at least once was selected for the study.

Findings

All seven of the survey's hypotheses were supported. Therefore, this study concludes that tourists' perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention directly affect the development of intangible cultural tourism and significantly positively impact the growth of Lipu Yi costumes culture. Descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) investigation methods were used.

Originality/value

This paper analyzes tourists' perceived value of Lipu costume culture and tourists' satisfaction and behavioral intention during the tourism process. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between Lipu Yi costume and non-heritage tourism factors. Practical methods and approaches are sought to further develop Lipu Yi costume non-heritage tourism.
Workplace spirituality and entrepreneurial behavior among employees in organizations: the role of psychological ownership
Authors: Delle Meba Tadesse , Segaro Ethiopia Legesse
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to understand the mechanisms through which workplace spirituality affects employees’ entrepreneurial behavior. It proposes and tests a mediation model in which psychological ownership (PO), a feeling of ownership regardless of legal ownership, mediates the relationship between workplace spirituality and employees’ entrepreneurial behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

An empirical analysis was conducted with survey data collected from 351 postgraduate students who were also currently working. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the study hypotheses using Mplus software.

Findings

Workplace spirituality is associated with employees’ entrepreneurial behavior, and PO fully mediates this relationship. The findings highlight that PO is the missing link that connects workplace spirituality and employees’ entrepreneurial behavior.

Practical implications

This study offers organizations a new insight by showing that PO plays a key role in contributing to the entrepreneurial behavior of employees who consider themselves spiritual.

Originality/value

The mechanism for the relationship between workplace spirituality and employees’ entrepreneurial behavior is explained.
Investigating the effects of corporate social responsibility on customer citizenship behavior with the mediating roles of corporate image and perceived service quality
Authors: Norouzi Hossein , Teimourfamian Asl Roghayeh
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of initiating corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a service-based company (Pasargad Bank in Tehran) on customers' extra-role behaviors, known as customer citizenship behavior (CCB). The mediating roles of perceived service quality (PSQ) and corporate image (CI) are measured in this model to find out whether they foster this relationship or not.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has been conducted on Iranian Pasargad Bank customers. This study is an empirical study using the questionnaire survey method. Structural equation modeling is used to measure the research framework.

Findings

It is revealed that the PSQ has a partial and positive effect on CCB. Moreover, the variance accounted for index has been used to examine the mediating roles of PSQ and CI in the model of this study. Furthermore, according to the results, CSR positively and directly affects CCB. Among the mediators, PSQ is a partial mediator in the relationship between CSR and CCB. On the other hand, CI was found not to be a mediator in the mentioned relationship in this study.

Originality/value

Studying PSQ would give a broader insight into service providers initiating CSR activities and their outcomes as CCB. Linking the service industry and citizenship behavior would enlighten researchers and service providers to improve their levels of standards.
Connecting transformative luxury with individual and collective well-being: a conceptual approach
Authors: Séraphin Hugues , Yallop Anca C. , Kennell James
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The tension between individual and collective well-being is at the core of the macromarketing perspective, and transformative luxury research (TLR) has recently begun to consider this in the context of luxury consumption. This conceptual paper reviews TLR in the setting of the tourism and hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a literature review in the field of marketing and tourism management.

Findings

The authors propose a TLR–management model (MM), which identifies the link between TLR and well-being, as well as four elements that are important for the success of luxury innovations: risk; trust; ethics and ambidextrous management practices. Further studies will be able to apply this conceptual model in diverse luxury markets to develop more industry-specific versions of it but should always maintain the model’s focus on individual and collective well-being to ensure that it supports the growth of transformative luxury in the future.

Practical implications

The research has highlighted the benefits (individual and community well-being) of transformative research in the field of luxury products and services, but also the requirements (taking risk, trust and ambidextrous management) to achieve this transformative stage.

Originality/value

The study provides a guideline to be followed by the luxury yachting industry to reach its transformative potential.
Contributions of climate andBrassica oleraceacultivar to gastropod abundance and assemblage in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Farias Elizeu S. , D'ávila Sthefane , Santos Abraão A. , Santos Renata C. , Paes Jhersyka S. , Guedes Allana G. , Carvalho Geraldo A. , Picanço Marcelo C.
Published: April 2023

Terrestrial gastropods (slugs and snails, Mollusca: Eupulmonata) are destructive pests of brassica crops. These organisms defoliate plants and contaminate the harvest, leading to reduced crop yield and marketability. Losses caused by molluscs have escalated in recent years in Brazil.

We aimed to determine the seasonal activity of gastropods in brassica fields and unravel the environmental variables associated with these dynamics. Gastropod abundance, assemblage and within‐plant distribution were also compared amongBrassica oleraceacultivars (broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower).

Mild temperatures and rainy periods were found to coincide with gastropod peaks. Regression analyses confirmed a positive association of rainfall and humidity with gastropod abundance, whereas gastropod abundance increased with decreasing temperature.Deroceras laeve(Müller) (Agriolimacidae) andBradybaena similaris(Férussac) (Bradybaenidae) were the most constant species. Mollusc abundance and assemblage differed amidB. oleraceacultivar; cabbage had the highest abundance and its species composition differed from broccoli and cauliflower. Slugs and snails were more concentrated on lower plant portions, regardless of the cultivar.

Management efforts should be reinforced in mild‐temperature and rainy periods to reduce damage by gastropods, and cabbage should be monitored more closely than other cultivars.
Impact ofFKBP52on cell proliferation and hormone‐dependent cancers
Authors: Hanaki Shunsuke , Shimada Midori
Published: April 2023

FK506 binding protein 52 (FKBP52) (gene nameFKBP4) is a 52 kDa protein that belongs to the FKBP family; it binds to the immunosuppressant FK506 and has proline isomerase activity. In addition to its FK domain‐containing peptidylprolyl isomerase activity, FKBP52 also acts as a cochaperone through the tetratricopeptide repeat domain that mediates binding to heat shock protein 90. Previous studies have reported that FKBP52 is associated with hormone‐dependent, stress‐related, and neurodegenerative diseases, revealing its diverse functions. In particular, the effects of FKBP52 on cancer have attracted considerable attention. FKBP52 promotes the growth of hormone‐dependent cancers by activating steroid hormone receptors. Recent studies have shown that the expression of FKBP52 is increased not only in steroid hormone‐dependent cancer cells but also in colorectal, lung, and liver cancers, revealing its diverse functions that contribute to cancer growth. This review summarizes reports related to hormone‐dependent cancer and cell proliferation in terms of the structure of FKBP52 and its function on interacting molecules.
A rapid review of children and young people's views of poverty and welfare in the context of Universal Credit
Authors: Bidmead Elaine , El Zerbi Catherine , Cheetham Mandy , Frost Sally
Published: April 2023

Children and young people's (CYP) life chances depend heavily on family resources. This paper reports a rapid review of qualitative/mixed method studies about Universal Credit undertaken with CYP in the UK; subsequently expanded to include additional descriptors of economic disadvantage. Sixteen studies were reviewed; narrative synthesis was used to explore themes. Most recruited CYP with experience of economic disadvantage; none explicitly reported perspectives of CYP experiencing disability or rurality. Findings show growing up in poverty has significant, negative impacts on health and well‐being, causing feelings of exclusion, shame and unfairness; raising important questions about the adequacy of welfare support in the UK.
Synthesis and application of nonionic Gemini surfactants based on grape seed oil
Authors: Si Kangwei , Xu Zhiwei , Zhou Xiangdong
Published: April 2023

A series of vegetable oil‐based nonionic Gemini surfactant (GPNGS) was prepared using grape seed oil and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (350, 550, 750) as the primary raw materials. The chemical structures of different types of GPNGS were characterised by Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of GPNGS with different polyoxyethylene chain lengths was measured using the Wilhelmy ring method (CMC: ca. 1.4 × 10−4 to 5 × 10−4 mol/L). The results of wettability testing showed that the contact angle of GPNGS on polyamide film was ca. 46‐49°. In addition, the interaction of surfactants with acid dyes was also investigated. The ultraviolet spectrum showed a balance between dyes, surfactants and the dye/surfactant complex. Next, the GPNGS was used as a nylon 66 acid dye levelling agent. After adding 0.2 mmol/L of surfactants, the standard deviations (S(λ)) of nylon 66 dyeing decreased from 0.084 to ca. 0.036‐0.044, exhibiting a good levelling effect.
Uncommon spectral Doppler findings in patients with heart failure
Authors: Argulian Edgar , Agarwal Vikram
Published: April 2023

Spectral Doppler examination is necessary for full hemodynamic assessment of patients with systolic heart failure. It is fully incorporated into comprehensive echocardiographic examination. In this manuscript, we describe two uncommon findings in patients with established severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: notched aortic regurgitation and merged mitral regurgitation.
Address of the Federal President to the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Karlsruhe, 2022
Authors: Steinmeier Frank‐Walter
Published: April 2023

This is the text of the address of Federal President Frank‐Walter Steinmeier at the opening of the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches on 31 August 2022, in Karlsruhe.
Use of Censored Multiple Regression to Interpret Temporal Environmental Data and Assess Remedy Progress
Authors: DiFilippo Erica , Tonkin Matt , Huber William
Published: April 2023

Many methods to evaluate temporal trends in monitoring data focus on univariate techniques that account for changes in the response variable (e.g., concentration) by means of a single variable, namely time. When predictable site‐specific factors, such as groundwater‐surface water interactions, are associated with or may cause concentration changes, univariate methods may be insufficient for characterizing, estimating, and forecasting temporal trends. Multiple regression methods can incorporate additional explanatory variables, thereby minimizing the amount of unexplained variability that is relegated to the “error” term. However, the presence of sample results that are below laboratory reporting limits (i.e., censored) prohibits the direct application of the standard least‐squares method for multiple regression. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for multiple regression analysis can enhance temporal trend analysis in the presence of censored response data and improve characterizing, estimating, and forecasting of temporal trends. Multiple regression using MLE (or censored multiple regression) was demonstrated at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site where analyte concentrations in groundwater samples are negatively correlated with the stage of the nearby Columbia River. Incorporating a time‐lagged stage variable in the regression analysis of these data provides more reliable estimates of future concentrations, reducing the uncertainty in evaluating the progress of remediation toward remedial action objectives. Censored multiple regression can identify significant changes over time; project when maxima and minima of interest are likely to occur; estimate average values and their confidence limits over time periods relevant to regulatory compliance; and thereby improve the management of remedial action monitoring programs.
Higher body mass index after intrapartum antibiotic exposure in children persists over 10‐years
Authors: Sidell Margo A. , Getahun Darios , Tartof Sara Y. , Xiang Anny H. , Sharma Andrea J. , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Puopolo Karen M. , Schrag Stephanie J. , Kunani Poornima , Koebnick Corinna
Published: April 2023

Exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce perinatal group B streptococcal disease was associated with increased childhood body mass index (BMI) persisting to age 10 years compared to no exposure (Δ BMI at 10 years: vaginal delivery 0.14 kg/m2, caesarean 0.40 kg/m2).
Diverging labour market trajectories of Australian graduates from advantaged and disadvantaged social backgrounds: A longitudinal analysis of population‐wide linked administrative data
Authors: ZAJĄC Tomasz , TOMASZEWSKI Wojtek , PERALES Francisco , XIANG Ning
Published: April 2023

Despite mounting evidence that university participation enhances labour market prospects, there are growing concerns about its unequal returns. This study uses novel large‐scale linked administrative data covering the full population of individuals graduating from Australian universities over the 2005–11 period to examine the labour market trajectories of graduates from multiple disadvantaged social backgrounds (based on socio‐economic, migration and disability status, ethnicity and location) in comparison with their more advantaged peers, over a ten‐year observation window. The findings reveal substantial heterogeneity in the income and unemployment benefit receipt trajectories of graduates from different groups. This has important implications for labour market policies aimed at improving social equity.
Effect of excess lithium on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of LiMg0.5Ti0.5O2 ceramics
Authors: Liu Kui , Yang Yuran , Zhang Dainan , Shi Liang , Wang Xueying , Yin Qisheng , Liu Cheng , Li Jie , Liao Yulong , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: April 2023

Herein, Li1+xMg0.5Ti0.5O2 (0.000 ≤ x ≤ 0.075) ceramics with excess lithium were prepared by solid‐state reaction method to compensate for lithium volatilization, thus optimizing dielectric properties. The second phase Mg2TiO4 decreases with excess lithium content and eventually disappears at x = 0.05. Of these, Li1.0375Mg0.5Ti0.5O2 illustrates the best dielectric properties with εr = 16.58, Q × f = 120712 GHz (@9.18 GHz), and τf = −16.31 ppm/°C. From the point of view of non‐intrinsic factors, excess lithium at optimum ratios slightly facilitates the sintering of the ceramics, improves densification, and increases the grain size, resulting in improved dielectric properties. For intrinsic factors, a slight increase in bond ionicity results in a slight improvement in εr. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that suitable excess lithium increases electron cloud density in the internal space of Li/Mg/TiO6 octahedron and increases band gap, thus optimizing the dielectric properties. The same results were obtained from the perspective of lattice vibrations. The modified Li1.0375Mg0.5Ti0.5O2 ceramics offer great potential for future microwave communication technology.
Reconstructing mechanisms of extinctions to guide mammal conservation biogeography
Authors: Tomlinson Sean , Lomolino Mark V. , Woinarski John C. Z. , Murphy Brett P. , Reed Elizabeth , Johnson Chris N. , Legge Sarah , Helgen Kristofer M. , Brown Stuart C. , Fordham Damien A.
Published: April 2023

An emerging research program on population and geographic range dynamics of Australia's mammals illustrates an approach to better understand and respond to geographic range collapses of threatened wildlife in general. In 1788, Europeans colonized an Australia with a diverse and largely endemic mammal fauna, where many species that are now extinct or threatened were common and widespread. Subsequent population declines, range collapses and extinctions were caused by introduced predators and herbivores, altered land use, modified fire regimes and the synergies between these threats. Declines in population and range size continue for many Australian mammals despite legislative protection and conservation interventions. Here, we propose an approach that integrates museum data and other historical records into process‐explicit macroecological models to better resolve mammal distributions and abundances as they were at European arrival. We then illustrate how this integrative approach can identify the likely synergistic mechanisms causing mammal population declines across these and other landscapes. This emerging research approach, undertaken with fine temporal and spatial resolution, but at large geographic scales, will provide valuable insights into the different pathways to, and drivers of, extinction. Such insights may, in turn, underpin conservation strategies based on a process‐explicit understanding of population decline and range collapse under alternative scenarios of impending climate and environmental change. Given that similar information is available for other regional biotas, the approach we describe here can be adapted to conserve threatened wildlife in other regions across the globe.
Revision of Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger, 1915 (Characiformes: Distichodontidae) from the Upper Congo basin: Evidence for a species pair
Authors: Katemo Manda Bauchet , Snoeks Jos , Decru Eva , Brecko Jonathan , Vreven Emmanuel J. W. M. N.
Published: April 2023

For many decades, Nannocharax luapulae has been considered to be widespread in the southern part of the Upper Congo basin. However, meristic, morphometric and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding evidence revealed that its geographical distribution is restricted to the Luapula‐Moero basin. The populations of the Upper Lualaba are assigned to a new species, N. chochamandai. This new species, though highly similar to N. luapulae, can readily be distinguished from it by its lower number of lateral line scales, 41–46 (vs. 49–55), its pectoral fin reaching the pelvic‐fin insertion (vs. not reaching the pelvic‐fin insertion) and its pelvic fin reaching the base of the anal fin (vs. not reaching the base of the anal fin). Specimens of N. chochamandai display thickened pads on the first three pelvic‐fin rays that exhibit intraspecific variation in development, which appears to be related to the flow‐strength of the river in which these Nannocharax specimens occur. Nannocharax luapulae is redescribed and an updated identification key to the Nannocharax species of the Congo basin sensu lato is provided as well. Some fish conservation issues related to N. luapulae and N. chochamandai are also highlighted.
Patient and clinician perspectives on implant dentistry decision aid content: Results from an enhanced Delphi study
Authors: Tonogai James , von Bergmann HsingChi , Chvartszaid David , Dempster Laura
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To investigate patient and clinician perspectives on what is considered important to include in a decision aid for replacement of a missing tooth with an implant.

Methods

An online modified Delphi method with pair comparisons technique was used to survey participants (66 patients, 48 prosthodontists, 46 periodontists, and 31 oral surgeons) in Ontario, Canada from November 2020 to April 2021 regarding the importance of information provided during an implant consultation. Round one included 19 items derived from the literature and informed consent protocols. The decision to retain an item was based on group consensus, defined as at least 75% of participants identifying the item as “important” or “highly important.” After analysis of round one results, a second‐round survey was sent to all participants to rank the relative importance of the consensus items. Statistical testing was completed using the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance test and post hoc Mann–Whitney U tests with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

The first and second surveys had response rates of 77.0% and 45.6%, respectively. In round one, all items except purpose of steps reached group consensus. In round two, the highest group ranked items were patient responsibilities for treatment success and follow‐ups after treatment. The lowest group ranked items were cost factors and restorative steps. Significant differences between the stakeholder groups were found on several items, including diagnosis (p ≤ 0.00), non‐implant options (p ≤ 0.00), and cost (p ≤ 0.01). In general, patients’ opinions were significantly different than clinicians’ opinions on the relative importance of items.

Conclusions

Clinicians and patients feel that multiple items are important to include in a decision aid for implant therapy; however, differences exist between patients and clinicians on the relative importance of items.
PARAMETERS CONTROLLING THE GEOMETRY OF DETACHMENT AND FAULT‐BEND FOLDS: INSIGHTS FROM 3D FINITE‐ELEMENT MODELS APPLIED TO THE AHWAZ ANTICLINE IN THE DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN
Authors: Khalifeh‐Soltani Anis , Ghassemi Mohammad R. , Alavi Seyed Ahmad , Ganjiani Mehdi
Published: April 2023

Fault‐related folds are present in most tectonic settings and can serve as structural traps for hydrocarbons. These structures have therefore been widely studied by both structural and petroleum geologists using a range of techniques. Approaches include field‐ and seismic‐based methods, and numerical and analogue modelling. Geomechanical models attempt to examine the mechanical and geometric features of folds.

This study investigates the effects of variations in a range of parameters, including detachment and ramp geometry, friction coefficient and internal friction angle, on the geometry and development of detachment folds and fault‐bend folds. For this purpose, we ran seven series of numerical, 3D elastic‐plastic finite element models using ABAQUS software (26 model runs in all). Each model set‐up consisted of five layers whose mechanical properties were based on those of stratigraphic units in the Zagros fold‐and‐thrust belt, SW Iran. The models were labelled series A to F and series H. Models in series A investigated the impact of concave, convex, wavy and oblique detachment surfaces on the development of detachment folds; those in series D examined the role of ramp dip and of listric, oblique and wavy ramps on the development of fault‐bend folds. Models in series B and E, and series C and F, examined the effects of variations in the friction coefficient and of the internal friction angle, respectively, on the development of these two classes of folds. Finally, hybrid models in series H were provided to evaluate the results.

Major results were as follows. Firstly, the geometry of modelled detachment and fault‐bend folds was found to be influenced by the geometry of the associated ramps and detachment faults. Thus the crests of anticlines and the trough lines of synclines were located at points of maximum curvature and at inflexion points on a wavy detachment fault or wavy ramp, respectively. Second, two important additional factors controlling fold style were identified: the friction coefficient, and the presence of along‐strike geometric variations in the ramp or the detachment fault. Layers with low friction coefficients and high internal friction angles formed detachment folds with thick hinges and thin limbs; conversely, layers with high friction coefficients and low internal friction angles created detachment folds with thick limbs and thin hinges. Application of the results to modelling of the Ahwaz anticline in the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran, was successful, and in general the modelled structure was consistent with that observed in the field.