bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ СТВОРЕННЯ ЛОКАЛЬНИХ ФОРМУЛЯРІВ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ
Authors: Kabachna А. В. , Shelkova Е. V. , Kabachnyj О. G.
Published: September 2016

The paper presents the results of the research to develop using computer technology.
МОБИЛЬНЫЕ УСТРОЙСТВА И ОБЛАЧНЫЕ СЕРВИСЫ В ОБУЧЕНИИ АБИТУРИЕНТОВ – ИНОСТРАНЦЕВ
Authors: Kablukov А. А. , Ivankova N. А.
Published: September 2016

It was proposed the conception of cloud services and mobile devices usage for foreign students training.
ФАРМАКОІНФОРМАТИКА У ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА ЖОВЧНОКАМ’ЯНУ ХВОРОБУ
Authors: Kyrpach О. V. , Trokhymchuk V. V.
Published: September 2016

The current arsenal of drugs for the identical drugs in pharmacies of different ownership compared to the state register lists, formular and guide preparations, the average wholesale prices and the cost is calculated taking into account the size DDD dosage.
АНАЛИЗ ФРАКТАЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ТЕРМОГРАММ МОЛОЧНЫХ ЖЕЛЕЗ
Authors: Lyah Yu. E. , Guryanov V. G. , Yakobson E. A.
Published: September 2016

Thermography may enable early detection of a cancer tumour within a mammary gland at an early, treatable stage of the illness, but thermogram analysis methods must be developed to achieve this goal. This study analyses the feasibility of applying the Hurst exponent readings algorithm for evaluation of the high dimensionality fractals to reveal any possible difference between normal thermograms (NT) and malignant thermograms (MT).
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КИРЛИАНОГРАФИИ В ПОДБОРЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ
Authors: Pesotska L. A. , Glukhova N. V.
Published: September 2016

We have analysed the possibility of using Kirlian photography for individual prescription of iron-containing drugs for patients with iron-deficiency anaemia. Analysis was based on Kirlian images of the suspension of blood erythrocytes with various iron-containing drugs. We have determined specific features of luminescence, as well as parameters of the structure of the streamer layer of the luminescent crown during interactions between different blood elements and drugs.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ СОЗДАНИЯ КЕЙСОВ ДЛЯ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ ПРОВИЗОРАМИ НА БАЗЕ РАЗВЕТВЛЕННЫХ КЕЙСОВ В СИСТЕМЕ OPEN LABYRINTH
Authors: Ryzhov O. A. , Androsov O. I. , Demchenko V. O.
Published: September 2016

The analysis and the proposed technique, comprising a series of sequential steps that help reduce inaccuracies and interpretation errors in the object-oriented model when constructing graphs for cases. The attempt of formalization of a number of complex branched cases that reflect the situation of the professional activities of pharmacists in the management of the enterprise.
Literatura e quadrinhos: adaptações de Edgar Allan Poe
Authors: Silva Fernando Da
Published: October 2016

Em vista do atual reconhecimento das histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) como um fenômeno de mídia de massa e de expansão da literatura, este artigo tem por objetivo lançar um olhar aproximado à forma como imagem e texto são intercambiáveis em HQs como formas de representação aos sentidos e significados em algumas obras adaptadas do autor Edgar Allan Poe para este formato. Para tanto, neste texto serão observadas algumas adaptações em formato quadrinizado da obra do autor mencionado considerando o seu valor estético e de reinterpretação do texto literário. As análises que remetem às releituras da obra de Poe indicam nas retextualizações em formato de HQs não apenas a materialização do texto em imagens a partir de sistemas semióticos distintos, como é próprio do gênero textual história em quadrinho, mas também uma reorientação espaço-temporal das histórias apresentadas.
Ilhas desertas, ilhas desconhecidas, literatura e medicina
Authors: Marques Davina
Published: September 2016

Este artigo, ensaístico, aproveita-se de uma discussão inicial sobre ilhas desertas e ilhas desconhecidas, proposta pelo filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze, para propor pensar sobre a relação entre a literatura e a medicina. Entre exemplos literários e de pesquisa acadêmica, busca-se reafirmar as potências e possibilidades desse relativamente novo campo teórico das narrativas médicas, como se fosse um convite que instigasse a procura de algo novo, ainda por vir. Aponta para uma questão que ultrapassa a moral, a ética, para organizar-se esteticamente a fim de promover os movimentos para aquilo que ainda não há.
Amelioration of X-Linked Related Autophagy Failure in Danon Disease With DNA Methylation Inhibitor
Authors: Ng Kwong-Man , Mok Pamela Y. , Butler Amy W. , Ho Jenny C.Y. , Choi Shing-Wan , Lee Yee-Ki , Lai Wing-Hon , Au Ka-Wing , Lau Yee-Man , Wong Lai-Yung , Esteban Miguel A. , Siu Chung-Wah , Sham Pak C. , Colman Alan , Tse Hung-Fat
Published: September 2016

Background:

Danon disease is an X-linked disorder that leads to fatal cardiomyopathy caused by a deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2). In female patients, a later onset and less severe clinical phenotype have been attributed to the random inactivation of the X chromosome carrying the mutant diseased allele. We generated a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)–based model of Danon disease to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Xi-chromosome reactivation using a DNA methylation inhibitor.

Methods:

Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation (c.520C>T, exon 4) of the
LAMP2
gene in a family with Danon disease. We generated iPSC lines from somatic cells derived from the affected mother and her 2 sons, and we then differentiated them into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) for modeling the histological and functional signatures, including autophagy failure of Danon disease.

Results:

Our iPSC-CM platform provides evidence that random inactivation of the wild-type and mutant
LAMP2
alleles on the X chromosome is responsible for the unusual phenotype in female patients with Danon disease. In vitro, iPSC-CMs from these patients reproduced the histological features and autophagy failure of Danon disease. Administration of the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine reactivated the silent
LAMP2
allele in iPSCs and iPSC-CMs in female patients with Danon disease and ameliorated their autophagy failure, supporting the application of a patient-specific iPSC platform for disease modeling and drug screening.

Conclusions:

Our iPSC-CM platform provides novel mechanistic and therapeutic insights into the contribution of random X chromosome inactivation to disease phenotype in X-linked Danon disease.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR2 Prevents Experimental Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Xue-Chen , Cui Wei , Ma Yong-Qiang , Ren Hua-Liang , Zhou Xin , Fassett John , Yang Yan-Zong , Chen Yingjie , Xia Yun-Long , Du Jie , Li Hui-Hua
Published: September 2016

Background:

The recruitment of leukocytes to the vascular wall is a key step in hypertension development. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 mediates inflammatory cell chemotaxis in several diseases. However, the role of CXCR2 in hypertension development and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

Methods:

Angiotensin II (490 ng·kg
-1
·min
-1
) or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt–induced mouse hypertensive models in genetic ablation, pharmacologic inhibition of CXCR2, and adoptive bone marrow transfer mice were used to determine the role of CXCR2 in hypertension (measured by radiotelemetry and tail-cuff system), inflammation (verified by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR] analysis), vascular remodeling (studied by haematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining), vascular dysfunction (assessed by aortic ring), and oxidative stress (indicated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase activity, dihydroethidium staining, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis). Moreover, the blood CXCR2
+
cells in normotensive controls and hypertension patients were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results:

Angiotensin II significantly upregulated the expression of CXCR2 mRNA and protein and increased the number of CD45
+
CXCR2
+
cells in mouse aorta (n=8 per group). Selective CXCR2 knockout (CXCR2
-/-
) or pharmacological inhibition of CXCR2 markedly reduced angiotensin II- or DOCA-salt-induced blood pressure elevation, aortic thickness and collagen deposition, accumulation of proinflammatory cells into the vascular wall, and expression of cytokines (n=8 per group). CXCR2 inhibition also ameliorated angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction and reduced vascular superoxide formation, NADPH activity, and expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (n=6 per group). Bone marrow reconstitution of wild-type mice with CXCR2
-/-
bone marrow cells also significantly abolished angiotensin II-induced responses (n=6 per group). It is important to note that CXCR2 blockade reversed established hypertension induced by angiotensin II or DOCA-salt challenge (n=10 per group). Furthermore, we demonstrated that CXCR2
+
proinflammatory cells were higher in hypertensive patients (n=30) compared with normotensive individuals (n=20).

Conclusions:

Infiltration of CXCR2
+
cells plays a pathogenic role in arterial hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Inhibition of CXCR2 pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat hypertension.
There Is No Logical Negation Here, But There Are Alternatives: Modeling Conversational Negation with Distributional Semantics
Authors: Kruszewski Germán , Paperno Denis , Bernardi Raffaella , Baroni Marco
Published: September 2016

Logical negation is a challenge for distributional semantics, because predicates and their negations tend to occur in very similar contexts, and consequently their distributional vectors are very similar. Indeed, it is not even clear what properties a “negated” distributional vector should possess. However, when linguistic negation is considered in its actual discourse usage, it often performs a role that is quite different from straightforward logical negation. If someone states, in the middle of a conversation, that “This is not a dog,” the negation strongly suggests a restricted set of alternative predicates that might hold true of the object being talked about. In particular, other canids and middle-sized mammals are plausible alternatives, birds are less likely, skyscrapers and other large buildings virtually impossible. Conversational negation acts like a graded similarity function, of the sort that distributional semantics might be good at capturing. In this article, we introduce a large data set of alternative plausibility ratings for conversationally negated nominal predicates, and we show that simple similarity in distributional semantic space provides an excellent fit to subject data. On the one hand, this fills a gap in the literature on conversational negation, proposing distributional semantics as the right tool to make explicit predictions about potential alternatives of negated predicates. On the other hand, the results suggest that negation, when addressed from a broader pragmatic perspective, far from being a nuisance, is an ideal application domain for distributional semantic methods.
Towards a Catalogue of Linguistic Graph Banks
Authors: Kuhlmann Marco , Oepen Stephan
Published: September 2016

Graphs exceeding the formal complexity of rooted trees are of growing relevance to much NLP research. Although formally well understood in graph theory, there is substantial variation in the types of linguistic graphs, as well as in the interpretation of various structural properties. To provide a common terminology and transparent statistics across different collections of graphs in NLP, we propose to establish a shared community resource with an open-source reference implementation for common statistics.
First record of three brachyuran decapods (Inachidae, Polybiidae, Thiidae) from the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Monterroso Óscar , Triay-Portella Raül , González José A.
Published: October 2016

In the present account three brachyuran decapods,Macropodia linaresiForest & Zariquiey Álvarez, 1964 (Inachidae),Liocarcinus navigator(Herbst, 1794) (Polybiidae) andThia scutellata(Fabricius, 1793) (Thiidae), are recorded for the first time from the Canary Islands. This is the southernmost record ofM. linaresi. Crabs were caught in the frame of a dredging survey. Characteristics of the dredge stations are given, including the identification of 11 accompanying decapod species and 6 marine algae and plants characterizing their habitats.
To Flee or Not to Flee: Is That the Question?
Authors: Klug Brian
Published: September 2016

This article examines the two deadly attacks in Paris on 7 and 9 January 2015 from an angle of interest in which they impinge upon Jews as Jews. Specifically, it homes in on a question that was triggered by the attacks: Is it time for the Jews of Europe to depart en masse? The facts alone cannot explain why the Paris attacks triggered this question. There is, in the first place, a larger empirical context. More fundamentally, there is a powerful narrative context that places the present and the future by reference to the Nazi Holocaust and ultimately the biblical story of the exodus. This stock narrative not only gives rise to the wrong question—to flee or not to flee—but makes it impossible to engage in ‘thinking in the world’: the kind of thinking that generates the right questions regarding the Jewish future.
The Slippery Slope of UN Peacekeeping: Offensive Peacekeeping in Congo and Beyond
Authors: Kearney Diana
Published: October 2016

Fed up with the decades-old violence plaguing the DRC, the UN Security Council broke new ground by granting peacekeepers an offensive mandate to pursue rebels rather than waiting to react in self-defence. This transformation in UN military operations alarmed several States, concerned over a perceived loss of sovereignty and a weakening of the principle of non-intervention. To allay these fears, Resolution 2098’s drafters incorporated a provision expressly assuring Member States that offensive peacekeeping tactics in the DRC would not generate precedent for future UN action. However, examining past UN practice and ‘slippery slope’ theory alike reveals that explicit disavowal of precedent cannot guarantee that offensive peacekeeping will not be used as a template for future UN action. In fact, the incorporation of such language may foster the generation of a slippery slope in UN peacekeeping, ultimately paving the way for increased scope of UN intervention in situations of gross human rights violations. The article concludes by proposing a framework for how actors can manipulate slopes to generate or slow precedent for future UN action.
Derivation Lexicale En Iangues Gestveiles Et Chinoises
Authors: Shun-chiu Yau
Published: October 2016

Given a certain number of basic signs (gestural lexical items), the lexicon of a sign language can expand by modifying the morphology of its basic items. The case I present here concerns only those data where morphological modification is exploited as a lexical branching device, i.e., where a sign acquires a new signification but no additional, morphemes after undergoing such a modification, and the root form of that sign retains its original, meaning.

The movement parameter is the principal device of an intrinsic nature for lexical branching in sign languages. In this respect, the movement modification in sign language is comparable to tonal modification in certain oral languages. In Cantonese, for example, the difference between cognate pairs such as "sugar:sweet is marked by a tonal shift. Tones are generally attached to the vowels. Since vowels are the nuclei of syllables in a sonorous modality as movements are of signs in a visually dynamic medium, we can consider the two lexical, branching mechanisms in their respective systems to be parallel linguistic phenomena.
Les Onomatopees Et Meophones Dujaponais
Authors: Labrune Laurence
Published: October 2016

Japanese imitative words (gitaigo and giongo) are not simple attempts to reproduce extra-Linguistical phenomena in a non arbitrary way.

The majority of these words results from definite phonological and suffixal rules operating on a few root words and constitute many semantico-formal families. This shows that Japanese imitative words are grammaticalized and that their creation is subjected to rules.

The second interesting point concerning these words is that many of them are formally very close to Corean imitative words. Such a resemblance attests the fact that Japanese onomatopoeia and ideophones constitute the substratum of a Language which was once common to the Japanese and Korean peoples.
PLURALITE EN COREEN : DEUX FONCTIONS DE TUL
Authors: Prost Martine
Published: October 2016

The aim of this article is to establish the existence, in the Korean language, of a marker of pluralization TUL, which acts either as a nominal suffix, or as a thematic particle.

The nominal suffix (NS) is the marker of an operation of local pluralization limited to the suffixed noun, whereas the thematic particle (TP) is that of an operation of global pluralization enlarged to the whole sentence.

The main characteristics of the NS are:

- its limitation in use to the case of undetermined plurality.

- its obligatory (and not optional as often stated) use in some contexts (with the deictics for example)

- its compatibility with animate nouns

The main characteristics of the TP are :

- its mobility, since it may be attached to nearly any element in the sentence.

- its commun distributionwith the other Korean thematic particles

- more than strictly grammatical enunciative function.
Jesuits from Asia-Pacific in the Time of Laudato si’: Reconciliation with Creation
Authors: Walpole S.J. Pedro
Published: September 2016

Jesuit Conference Asia-Pacific established a “Reconciliation with Creation,” a comprehensive program that aims to enable greater environmental awareness and participation in caring for all forms of life. As part of this program, Jesuit pastoral ministries with the poor and beyond are integrating social and ecological objectives. Meanwhile, Jesuit schools are embarking upon a new learning curve with many new social engagements and technologies that may enact greater ecological integration and accountability. Likewise, as part of this initiative, Jesuit communities themselves are learning to audit their consumption and waste. Climatic events, as those that have devastated many different communities that this conference represents, are currently the focus of many Jesuit institutions as they seek to develop protocol beyond relief to disaster risk reduction (drr). Accordingly, in order to address this urgent challenge, sustainability science needs to adapt so that it becomes problem-focused, and a critical element in this endeavor is the capacity of Jesuit institutes to network and collaborate with others. Grounded in gratitude and engaging with hope, “Reconciliation with Creation” is essentially an invitation to act that concurrently seeks to gradually deepen the experience of the sacred.
Latin American Jesuit Social Centers and Environmental Justice: Advocacy and Support to Local Communities and Knowledge-Building from below
Authors: Delgado Sergio Coronado
Published: September 2016

This article explores a possible answer to the broad question of how the Jesuits and their institutions contribute to environmental issues in Latin America. The paper focuses on the work of Latin American Jesuit social centers, specifically regarding mining issues. The main argument is that acute environmental conflicts caused by the mining boom in the region are being attended to by advocacy strategies inspired by the environmental justice movement. The article is divided into three sections: first, it describes the broad characteristics of the current mining boom in Latin America; second, it offers examples of the advocacy strategies developed by two Jesuit social centers in Colombia and Honduras; third, it analyzes the place of such work within the diverse currents of the environmentalism movement. It concludes by pursuing a connection between the advocacy work in question and relevant theological reflections widespread within the Jesuits, the Catholic Church, and the global society.
Lectotypification of Albizia thompsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)
Authors: TIWARI ARJUN PRASAD
Published: September 2016

The name Albizia thompsonii (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) is herewith typified with a specimen at K, and this selection constitutes the second-step of the lectotypification. A photograph of the selected lectotype is provided.
A field full of green stars: Paepalanthus multistellaris (Eriocaulaceae), a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: ANDRINO CAROLINE OLIVEIRA , TROVÓ MARCELO , SANO PAULO TAKEO
Published: October 2016

We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus multistellaris, a remarkable new species of Eriocaulaceae from the northern Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species is known from a single population growing between the campos rupestres and veredas in the municipality of Botumirim. This new species is placed into P. subsect. Actinocephaloides, and is characterized by its long, ascending stem, scapes arranged in a fasciculate, umbel-shaped inflorescence, and green involucral bracts surpassing the flowers. Illustrations, photos, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The species is considered Critically Endangered, according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
A revision and key for the tribe Diaphorolepidini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) and checklist for the genus Synophis
Authors: PYRON R. ALEXANDER , ARTEAGA ALEJANDRO , ECHEVARRÍA LOURDES Y. , TORRES-CARVAJAL OMAR
Published: September 2016

The genus Synophis contains a number of enigmatic species, distributed primarily in the Andean highlands of northern South America. Their extreme crypsis and rarity has precluded detailed study of most species. A recent flurry of collection activity resulted in the accession of many new specimens, and the description of 4 new species in 2015, doubling the number of described taxa. However, lingering questions remain regarding the assignment of many new and historical specimens, the morphological limits and geographical ranges of the species, and their phylogenetic relationships. We analyze new and existing morphological and molecular data to produce a new molecular phylogeny and revised morphological descriptions. We validate the previously unavailable tribe name Diaphorolepidini Jenner, Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarría, & Torres-Carvajal tribe nov., describe a 9th species Synophis niceforomariae Pyron, Arteaga, Echevarría, & Torres-Carvajal sp. nov., and offer new Standard Names in English and Spanish for the group: Andean Shadow Snakes and Culebras Andinas de la Sombra, respectively. A variety of features such as vertebrae and hemipenes show an interesting range of variation in the group, which should be evaluated in future studies, to refine species limits and diagnoses further. Cryptic and undiscovered diversity undoubtedly remains, and we hope this summary provides a robust basis for future work.
Coupled High-Latitude Climate Feedbacks and Their Impact on Atmospheric Heat Transport
Authors: Feldl Nicole , Bordoni Simona , Merlis Timothy M.
Published: September 2016

The response of atmospheric heat transport to anthropogenic warming is determined by the anomalous meridional energy gradient. Feedback analysis offers a characterization of that gradient and hence reveals how uncertainty in physical processes may translate into uncertainty in the circulation response. However, individual feedbacks do not act in isolation. Anomalies associated with one feedback may be compensated by another, as is the case for the positive water vapor and negative lapse rate feedbacks in the tropics. Here a set of idealized experiments are performed in an aquaplanet model to evaluate the coupling between the surface albedo feedback and other feedbacks, including the impact on atmospheric heat transport. In the tropics, the dynamical response manifests as changes in the intensity and structure of the overturning Hadley circulation. Only half of the range of Hadley cell weakening exhibited in these experiments is found to be attributable to imposed, systematic variations in the surface albedo feedback. Changes in extratropical clouds that accompany the albedo changes explain the remaining spread. The feedback-driven circulation changes are compensated by eddy energy flux changes, which reduce the overall spread among experiments. These findings have implications for the efficiency with which the climate system, including tropical circulation and the hydrological cycle, adjusts to high-latitude feedbacks over climate states that range from perennial or seasonal ice to ice-free conditions in the Arctic.
Tropical Cyclone Center Positions from Sequences of HDSS Sondes Deployed along High-Altitude Overpasses
Authors: Creasey Robert L. , Elsberry Russell L.
Published: September 2016

A method is developed to calculate the zero-wind center (ZWC) position from a sequence of Yankee High Density Sounding System (HDSS) dropwindsondes deployed during a high-altitude overpass of a tropical cyclone. The approach is similar to the Willoughby and Chelmow technique in that it utilizes the intersections of bearings normal to the wind directions across the center to locate the ZWC position. Average wind directions over 1-km layers are calculated from the accurate global positioning system (GPS) latitude–longitude positions as the HDSS sonde falls from the 60 000-ft flight level of the NASA WB-57 to the ocean surface. An iterative procedure is used to also account for the storm translation, which is necessary to put these high-frequency HDSS observations into a storm-relative coordinate system. The Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI-15) mission into Hurricane Joaquin on 4 October 2015 is examined here. The ZWC positions from two center overpasses indicate the vortex tilts from 1- to 10-km elevation and rotates cyclonically with height.
Mort, eschatologie individuelle et eschatologie individualisée dans le judaïsme
Authors: Obadia Lionel
Published: September 2016

Qu’on s’y affronte de manière tout à fait concrète, sur une base empirique, ou qu’on l’analyse à partir d’un matériau textuel, la question de la mort présente, dans le judaïsme, cet étonnant paradoxe d’être à la fois centrale et finalement peu traitée. Le thème de la mort fait dans tous les cas apparaître un écart sensible entre une eschatologie individuelle et une eschatologie cosmique. C’est précisément ce qui intéresse cet article, qui, partant d’un matériau empirique et scripturaire, interroge le rapport entre conceptions et pratiques autour de la mort, entre eschatologie individuelle et eschatologie cosmique, et dans le contexte de la modernité, entre eschatologies scripturaires et eschatologies individualisées.
Structural and Thematic Similarities between Psalm 78(77 LXX):12–32 and Mark 4:35–8:21 in Light of Spatial Settings and Exodus Imagery
Authors: Wook Kim Sun
Published: September 2016

This article explores the intertextual relationships between Psalm 78(77 LXX):12–32 and Mark 4:35–8:21 in terms of their structural and thematic similarities. The spatial settings of the sea and the desert in both texts function as a framework of the narratives in which Mark 4:35–8:21 reflects the Exodus imagery following the pattern of Psalm 78(77 LXX):12–32. In relation to the main theme, Mark has similarity with the Psalm in that as the Israelites fail in their faith despite experiencing God’s mighty works, the disciples show ignorance of who Jesus is despite witnessing his miraculous works.
The Legacy of David Livingstone: A Contribution to Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Kangwa Jonathan
Published: September 2016

This article demonstrates the relevance of the legacy of David Livingstone for the promotion of sustainable tourism. The life and work of Livingstone as a missionary-explorer are analyzed with the aim of distilling those of his thoughts and actions that can contribute not only to the development of plans for sustainable tourism but also to increased ecological justice. The article furthermore shows that current international policies on trade and tourism are not based on principles of equal distribution of resources. A third aim of this article is to consider ways in which David Livingstone’s commitment to the promotion of Christianity, commerce, and civilization in Africa has thus far served to promote legitimate trade and tourism. Finally, the need for economic and developmental policies built on the equal distribution of resources is discussed. The contention of this article is that David Livingstone considered western civilization, Christianity, and commerce as building blocks for the development of Africans, promoting their human dignity and for opening possibilities to create a sustainable tourism industry.
What Skills Can Buy
Authors: Doren Catherine , Grodsky Eric
Published: September 2016

Parental income and wealth contribute to children’s success but are at least partly endogenous to parents’ cognitive and noncognitive skills. We estimate the degree to which mothers’ skills measured in early adulthood confound the relationship between their economic resources and their children’s postsecondary education outcomes. Analyses of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 suggest that maternal cognitive and noncognitive skills attenuate half of parental income’s association with child baccalaureate college attendance, a fifth of its association with elite college attendance, and a quarter of its association with bachelor’s degree completion. Maternal skills likewise attenuate a third of parental wealth’s association with children’s baccalaureate college attendance, half of its association with elite college attendance, and a fifth of its association with bachelor’s degree completion. Observational studies of the relationship between parents’ economic resources and children’s postsecondary attainments that fail to account for parental skills risk seriously overstating the benefits of parental income and wealth.
The Rules of the Game and the Uncertain Transmission of Advantage
Authors: Lareau Annette , Adia Evans Shani , Yee April
Published: September 2016

Empirical research on cultural and social capital has generally ignored the key role of institutions in setting standards that determine the contingent value of this capital. Furthermore, many studies presume that the yielding of profit from cultural, social, and economic capital is automatic. Bourdieu’s concept of field highlights the ‘‘rules of the game’’ and shows that parents’ displays of capital only are valuable when they help parents comply with institutional standards. In this article, we examine how the field shapes parents’ efforts to transmit advantages to their children through accessing high-status elementary schools. Drawing on interviews with 45 black and white middle-class families, as well as observation of school admission events and interviews with 20 school administrators, we illuminate the rules of the kindergarten admission game and describe how parents attempted to use capital to compete in the field in one large, urban district. We show the rules to be complex, hard to learn about, and implemented inconsistently. In this context, cultural, social, and economic capital that helped parents navigate the field had the potential to be profitable. But even parents with deep reservoirs of capital did not realize their first choice when they misunderstood the rules of the game or faced an imbalance of supply and demand for slots in highly desired schools. Thus, we argue that models need to take into account both the situational meaning of capital and the uncertainty in parents’ efforts to use their capital to transmit advantages to their children.
Rent burden and the Great Recession in the USA
Authors: Colburn Gregg , Allen Ryan
Published: September 2016

In the aftermath of the recent recession, the percentage of households facing rent burden in the USA reached historically high levels, while cost burden for owners has shrunk. This study uses two panels from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to compare the prevalence, distribution and household responses to the phenomenon of rent burden in the USA in the years immediately before and after the Great Recession. Results suggest that rent burden has become more prevalent after the recession and that income, household composition and location are major drivers of this phenomenon, both before and after the recession. Results also indicate that exiting rent burden was more difficult in the years after the recession and that an increasingly common coping mechanism for rent burdened households is to increase their household sizes. These results indicate that renters have experienced increased financial stress related to their housing. This finding is notable given the lack of policy responses that address hardship among renter households in contrast to the privileged status enjoyed by homeowners in the policy domain.
Binary molybdenum-based catalyst for coordination polymerization of styrene
Authors: Geng Jieting , Shao Youguo , Song Feng , Li Feng , Hua Jing
Published: September 2016

Coordination polymerization of styrene (St) using molybdenum pentachloride supported by phosphite ligand in the presence of metal organic compound was studied for the first time. The types of phosphite and co-catalysts significantly affected the catalytic activity of the molybdenum (V) (Mo(V)) active center and the number-average molecular weight ( Mn) of the resultant polymer. Among the examined catalysts, tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite (TNPP) ligand and AlOPhCH3( i-Bu)2 as co-catalyst provided the polymer with highest yield (up to 87.1%), metallocene as co-catalyst provided the polymer with highest Mn (up to 5.32 × 105). The effect of [P]/[Mo] molar ratio on catalyst activity of the polymerization was discussed and the structures of Mo·TNPP complexes were preliminarily studied by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet spectroscopies. Besides, the polystyrene (PS) samples synthesized through bulk polymerization and solution polymerization were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, IR, carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively, and the results indicated both of the PS had high molecular weight (approximately 105) and atactic structure. All these results demonstrated that Mo(V) catalyst system was very effective for St polymerization.
The Burgeoning but Still Experimental Practice of Deliberative Governance in South Korean Local Policy Making: The Cases of Seoul and Gwangju
Authors: Park Tae In , Kim Pan Suk , Rosenbloom David H.
Published: September 2016

Research on deliberative governance does not include many case studies on South Korea. We analyze deliberative governance in the Seoul and Gwangju Metropolitan Governments, drawing comparisons and lessons for operating effective deliberative governance to promote consensus building, citizen empowerment, and legitimation of policy choices through collective decision making. The two cases incorporate the characteristics of deliberative governance to a limited degree and in an experimental stage. Based on a comparison of the two cases, we discuss the application and limitations of deliberative processes along with suggestions for potentially improving the practice of deliberative governance in the South Korean context.
Do Narcissism and Emotional Intelligence Win Us Friends? Modeling Dynamics of Peer Popularity Using Inferential Network Analysis
Authors: Czarna Anna Z. , Leifeld Philip , Śmieja Magdalena , Dufner Michael , Salovey Peter
Published: September 2016

This research investigated effects of narcissism and emotional intelligence (EI) on popularity in social networks. In a longitudinal field study, we examined the dynamics of popularity in 15 peer groups in two waves ( N = 273). We measured narcissism, ability EI, and explicit and implicit self-esteem. In addition, we measured popularity at zero acquaintance and 3 months later. We analyzed the data using inferential network analysis (temporal exponential random graph modeling, TERGM) accounting for self-organizing network forces. People high in narcissism were popular, but increased less in popularity over time than people lower in narcissism. In contrast, emotionally intelligent people increased more in popularity over time than less emotionally intelligent people. The effects held when we controlled for explicit and implicit self-esteem. These results suggest that narcissism is rather disadvantageous and that EI is rather advantageous for long-term popularity.
Performance Assessment for Mastoidectomy: State of the Art Review
Authors: Sethia Rishabh , Kerwin Thomas F. , Wiet Gregory J.
Published: September 2016

Objective

The aim of this report is to provide a review of the current literature for assessment of performance for mastoidectomy, to identify the current assessment tools available in the literature, and to summarize the evidence for their validity.

Data Sources

The MEDLINE database was accessed via PubMed.

Review Methods

Inclusion criteria consisted of English‐language published articles that reported use of a mastoidectomy performance assessment tool. Studies ranged from 2007 to November 2015 and were divided into 2 groups: intraoperative assessments and those performed with simulation (cadaveric laboratory or virtual reality). Studies that contained specific reliability analyses were also highlighted. For each publication, validity evidence data were analyzed and interpreted according to conceptual definitions provided in a recent systematic review on the modern framework of validity evidence.

Conclusions

Twenty‐three studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria for review, including 4 intraoperative objective assessment studies, 5 cadaveric studies, 10 virtual reality simulation studies, and 4 that used both cadaveric assessment and virtual reality.

Implications for Practice

A review of the literature revealed a wide variety of mastoidectomy assessment tools and varying levels of reliability and validity evidence. The assessment tool developed at Johns Hopkins possesses the most validity evidence of those reviewed. However, a number of agreed‐on specific metrics could be integrated into a standardized assessment instrument to be used nationally. A universally agreed‐on assessment tool will provide a means for developing standardized benchmarks for performing mastoid surgery.
Effect of Preoperative Counseling on Hospital Length of Stay and Readmissions after Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Shenson Jared A. , Craig Jennifer N. , Rohde Sarah L.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Total laryngectomy (TL) is a high‐cost procedure with patients at risk for significant postoperative health care use. Face‐to‐face preoperative counseling provided by speech‐language pathologists is a relatively inexpensive intervention that may improve care quality and decrease costs. We evaluated if preoperative counseling for patients undergoing TL was associated with differences in length of stay (LOS), use of the emergency department (ED), or unplanned readmissions within 30 days of discharge. A secondary analysis identified predictors of these 3 outcomes.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic medical center in the United States.

Subjects and Methods

Patients were included if they underwent TL from 2011 to 2015. Patient demographics and comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and perioperative care data were retrieved and analyzed for 116 patients. Univariate and multivariate models were constructed for 3 outcomes.

Results

LOS was significantly lower for patients receiving counseling (–3.0 days, P =. 02). No differences were observed in rates of 30‐day ED visits or unplanned readmissions. Care provided by high‐volume surgeons was associated with decreased LOS (P =. 005), while having postoperative complications increased LOS (P <. 001). High rates of ED visits (12.1%) and readmissions (20.6%) were observed. Discharge to inpatient rehabilitation and the patient’s home distance from the institution were predictors of ED visits. TL as salvage therapy and occurrence of postoperative complications were risk factors for readmission.

Conclusion

Preoperative counseling was associated with marked reduction in LOS following TL without increased readmissions, which suggests that it may promote safe, earlier patient readiness for discharge.
Visible, legitimate, and beautiful justice: A case study of music education formalization within a Haitian NGO
Authors: Shorner-Johnson Kevin
Published: September 2016

When music education is formalized within schools and non-governmental organizations, it often becomes aligned with justice-oriented aims of providing universal access to music education. This qualitative case study examines the formation of a marching band within a Haitian school in northeastern Haiti. Data sources collected and analyzed included participant-observation experience, participant interviews, non-governmental organization Facebook posts, and newsletters. Findings indicate the marching band became a form of justice, solidarity, organizational legitimacy, and community leadership. The marching band was related to justice because it made the honorable humanity of participants visible and satisfied a moral calling for talent development. A case study of the cholera epidemic in Haiti reveals how the marching band afforded the school a forum for legitimate community leadership. Students, teachers, parents, and administrators had differing views about the purpose of formalized music education. Students saw music education as important because it cultivated the beautiful.
Compressing learner language: An information-theoretic measure of complexity in SLA production data
Authors: Ehret Katharina , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt
Published: September 2016

We present a proof-of-concept study that sketches the use of compression algorithms to assess Kolmogorov complexity, which is a text-based, quantitative, holistic, and global measure of structural surface redundancy. Kolmogorov complexity has been used to explore cross-linguistic complexity variation in linguistic typology research, but we are the first to apply it to naturalistic second language acquisition (SLA) data. We specifically investigate the relationship between the complexity of second language (L2) English essays and the amount of instruction the essay writers have received. Analysis shows that increased L2 instructional exposure predicts increased overall complexity and increased morphological complexity, but decreased syntactic complexity (defined here as less rigid word order). While the relationship between L2 instructional exposure and complexity is robust across a number of first language (L1) backgrounds, L1 background does predict overall complexity levels.
In vivo and in vitro effects of vortioxetine on molecules associated with neuroplasticity
Authors: Kugathasan Pirathiv , Waller Jessica , Westrich Ligia , Abdourahman Aicha , Tamm Joseph A , Pehrson Alan L , Dale Elena , Gulinello Maria , Sanchez Connie , Li Yan
Published: September 2016

Neuroplasticity is fundamental for brain functions, abnormal changes of which are associated with mood disorders and cognitive impairment. Neuroplasticity can be affected by neuroactive medications and by aging. Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, has shown positive effects on cognitive functions in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. In rodent studies, vortioxetine increases glutamate neurotransmission, promotes dendritic branching and spine maturation, and elevates hippocampal expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) at the transcript level. The present study aims to assess the effects of vortioxetine on several neuroplasticity-related molecules in different experimental systems. Chronic (1 month) vortioxetine increased Arc/Arg3.1 protein levels in the cortical synaptosomes of young and middle-aged mice. In young mice, this was accompanied by an increase in actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin serine 3 phosphorylation without altering the total ADF/cofilin protein level, and an increase in the GluA1 subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor phosphorylation at serine 845 (S845) without altering serine 831 (S831) GluA1 phosphorylation nor the total GluA1 protein level. Similar effects were detected in cultured rat hippocampal neurons: Acute vortioxetine increased S845 GluA1 phosphorylation without changing S831 GluA1 phosphorylation or the total GluA1 protein level. These changes were accompanied by an increase in α subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKIIα) phosphorylation (at threonine 286) without changing the total CaMKIIα protein level in cultured neurons. In addition, chronic (1 month) vortioxetine, but not fluoxetine, restored the age-associated reduction in Arc/Arg3.1 and c-Fos transcripts in the frontal cortex of middle-aged mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that vortioxetine modulates molecular targets that are related to neuroplasticity.
Popularity in the Peer Group and Victimization Within Friendship Cliques During Early Adolescence
Authors: Closson Leanna M. , Watanabe Lori
Published: September 2016

Victimization has been primarily studied within the broader peer group, leaving other potentially important contexts, such as friendship cliques, unexplored. This study examined the role of popularity in identifying protective factors that buffer against victimization within early adolescents’ ( N = 387) friendship cliques. Previously identified protective factors that buffer against victimization within the broader peer group were examined as moderators in the link between popularity and victimization within the friendship clique. Results showed that peer-group features operated as either vulnerability or protective factors, depending upon popularity, gender, and the form of victimization. At higher levels of popularity, receiving social support from clique members operated as a vulnerability factor for overt victimization, whereas preference served a protective function. Prosocial behavior directed toward clique members was protective against relational victimization for girls who were higher in popularity, but was a vulnerability factor for boys who were higher in popularity.
Growth and Its Discontents
Authors: Lloveras Javier , Quinn Lee
Published: September 2016

Fragmented marketing debates concerning the role of alternative economies are attributable to the lack of a meaningful macromarketing dimension to which alternative economic practices can be anchored. This research frames an evaluation of existing macromarketing developments aimed at reformulating the mindless pursuit of economic growth. Raising concerns with the treadmill dynamics of marketing systems, three different approaches - green growth, a-growth and degrowth - are critically evaluated to: (a) introduce degrowth as a widely overlooked concept in the macromarketing literature; (b) expose how each perspective entails a specific organization of provisioning activities; and (c) foreground the role of alternative economic practices beyond the growth paradigm. We conclude that socially sustainable degrowth is the missing voice within macromarketing debates that lie central to elucidating the future direction of alternative economic practices.