bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identity Through Fishing
Authors: Jones Peter N.
Published: November 2005

Indigenous cultures throughout the world have struggled to maintain many of their traditional lifeways and cultural identity in the face of pressure from modernizing forces (industrialization, population and demographic changes, globalization, and modern socioeconomic and sociopolitical forces). These forces have particularly affected the Nez Perce of the Plateau culture area in north-western North America. This article discusses how these forces have impacted the Nez Perce for well over a hundred years, though major impacts did not begin until the damming of the Clearwater and Snake Rivers, when access to salmon became an issue. In this regard, the Nez Perce are an informative case in the study of cultural preservation, cultural change, and cultural identity in the face of these forces. Using Elias Canetti's idea of ‘crowd symbol’ and Sherry Ortner's idea of ‘key symbol’, this article argues that salmon play a similar role in the formation and maintenance of Nez Perce cultural preservation and identity.
Persons and Moral Agency
Authors: Sugarman Jeff
Published: November 2005

Charles Taylor’s claim that personhood consists in its relation to moral goods and commitments, and that persons are moral agents, is summarized and examined. According to this view, persons not only have an understanding of themselves as moral agents, they are partially constituted by this understanding. It is argued that as moral agents, persons are capable of effecting changes in their lives through enacting understandings of the good. Moreover, they have the capacity not only to adopt and wield social and cultural moral practices, but also to revise and transform them. Particular features of human psychology and its development are discussed that assist in clarifying the relation between persons and moral agency. Further, it is suggested that moral development might be understood as the gradual process whereby traditions are interpreted and reinterpreted toward the end of fashioning more virtuous persons.
Affective Service Display and Customer Mood
Authors: Luong Alexandra
Published: November 2005

Using video-based stimuli to manipulate the affect displayed by service providers, this study examines participants’ moods after viewing friendly or neutral service, with emotional expressivity as a moderator. Results indicate higher positive moods and lower negative moods after viewing a friendly versus a neutral service display. Participants higher in emotional expressivity reported greater positive mood after viewing a friendly display. Participants’ moods were also examined in relation to service evaluations. Results indicate that preconsumption mood is not related to evaluations; however, increases in positive mood are related to higher evaluations, and increases in negative mood are related to lower evaluations.
A Service Perspective on the Drivers of Complaint Intentions
Authors: Voorhees Clay M. , Brady Michael K.
Published: November 2005

This study assesses the effects of service evaluations in a failed service experience on complaining intentions in a future encounter. A model is developed and tested that investigates the relationships between service quality, satisfaction, social justice, and future complaint intentions. A sample of 525 dissatisfied customers across numerous service industries is used to test the model. Results support the model and suggest that otherwise fair service in a failed service experience increases complaint intentions in future failed encounters. Specifically, the authors find that firms that are perceived to treat customers fairly during a service failure and that have employees perceived to be responsive are rewarded with higher future complaint intentions. They also find that service quality and satisfaction have significant, negative effects on future complaint intentions. Moderation analysis indicates that the findings do not depend on a customer’s attitude toward complaining. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
A Self-Assessment Procedure for Use in Evaluation Training
Authors: Stufflebeam Daniel L. , Wingate Lori A.
Published: November 2005

This article describes the Self-Assessment of Program Evaluation Expertise instrument and procedure developed to help participants assess their learning gains in a 3-week evaluation institute. Participants completed the instrument in a pre- and posttest format. To reduce both the threat of embarrassment from individual results and the temptation to inflate self-ratings, participants responded anonymously. Although each participant saw her or his individual results, only aggregated results were reported to the total group. The article reports on the self-assessment results of a group of recognized evaluation elders and participants in six annual evaluation institutes. The findings indicate that the instrument is sensitive to the respondents’ changed perceptions of competency following instruction. Strengths and limitations associated with the procedure are discussed. The procedure is presented as a work in progress and could benefit from adaptation, research, and development. The instrument is available at http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/ess/selfassess.html.
Using the Internet to Measure Program Performance
Authors: Mulvey Kevin P. , Atkinson Donna Durant , Avula Deepa , Luckey J. William
Published: November 2005

The Internet and World Wide Web are increasingly used to accelerate progress in a variety of fields. These applications go beyond the traditional technology- or computer-related fields and have expanded to nontechnical fields, which have benefited greatly from the use of the Web as a data-gathering and management support tool. The purpose of this article is to examine the Web’s use by a federal funding agency and its grantees for performance measurement and program monitoring. The analysis is based on the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment’s (CSAT) implementation of a Web-based data entry and reporting system. This system is used both as a mechanism for monitoring CSAT’s grant portfolios and as a tool to manage performance. The authors conclude with a discussion of the issues surrounding the effectiveness and efficiency of using the Web to measure and monitor program performance.
Learning From a Challenging Fieldwork Evaluation Experience
Authors: Hurley Carolyn , Renger Ralph , Brunk Blanche
Published: November 2005

The use of fieldwork experiences has been widely accepted by teachers of evaluation as a method of preparing future practitioners for challenges encountered in the field. However, several challenges must be addressed to make fieldwork experiences a useful tool in preparing students for their professional careers. The authors present a case study in which a graduate student in an evaluation class approached an agency seeking a fieldwork project. The experience was not positive. Both a student’s and an instructor’s perspectives are offered in understanding the reasons for the negative experience. Suggestions are provided from both perspectives as to how the experience could have been improved. The article is intended as a teaching tool to be provided by instructors to students seeking applied experiences before approaching agencies. This article provides an opportunity for student evaluators to learn from the experiences of another student; likewise, the instructor in this case study provides insights that other instructors of evaluation may find helpful.
Report Carding
Authors: Schmitz Connie C. , Schillo Barbara A.
Published: November 2005

This article reviews changes in the accountability landscape that have occurred for foundations in recent years and several precedents for foundation performance assessment. The authors then present a model of portfolio assessment that is used for organizational accountability and learning. This model, which was piloted in 2002 and 2003 for the Minnesota Partnership for Action Against Tobacco (MPAAT) and is in continuing use today, consists of a report card system based on an organizational logic model and the intended intermediary outcomes of MPAAT’s funding. The model is conducted by an external oversight evaluator and results in aggregated performance measures and findings that are publicly disseminated on an annual basis. This approach to portfolio assessment may be especially relevant for smaller foundations, public trusts, community foundations, health care conversions, government agencies, and other organizations that disburse grants in politically charged fields, such as reproductive rights, the environment, and health policy.
Importation as innovation: transposing managerial practices across fields
Authors: Boxenbaum Eva , Battilana Julie
Published: November 2005

This article examines transposition as a source of innovation. Transposition is the act of applying a practice from one social context to another.We trace how and why three individuals transposed the American practice of diversity management into Denmark in 2002. The analysis outlines how they came up with the idea to transpose diversity management to Denmark and what motivated them to do so. Based on our analysis, we propose an institutionalist account of innovation in which transposition across fields characterized by different dominant institutional logics plays a prominent role.We identify a number of facilitating conditions for such transposition to occur and we explain how it can subsequently lead to innovation.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Letourneau Karen , Harrington Chris , Reed Martin , Bunge Martin
Published: November 2005

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder. Sonography is the modality of choice for many of the organs commonly affected with this disease. The authors present a case of TSC that demonstrates the association between sonography and this disorder. The case involves both the common findings (angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma, and renal cysts) as well as rare findings (abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal cell carcinoma). All of the findings were discovered by sonography or confirmed sonographically. This case report provides sonographers and doctors with a good review of this disorder, focusing on the role of sonography.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Authors: Henningsen Charlotte G. , Smith Sarah L.
Published: November 2005

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a disorder that encompasses a range of severity of congenital joint contractures from mild to severe. The etiologies of this condition are numerous but can generally be classified into endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors are related to those conditions that originate within the fetus and can further be classified into central nervous system disorders, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and abnormalities of the joints and connective tissues. The sonographic presentation of AMC includes decreased or absent fetal movement with contractures of multiple extremities. Treatment and medical management of AMC depends on the severity of the contractures and the absence or presence of associated syndromes. Accurate diagnosis of AMC allows for accurate prenatal counseling regarding future morbidity and mortality of the fetus and includes options regarding treatment, medical management, and pregnancy termination depending on the severity of the condition.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Cyclopent[fg]acenaphthylene-1,2-bis(p-quinone methide)s Derivative. An Extended Pyracyloquinone
Authors: Kurata Hiroyuki , Takehara Yuko , Matsumoto Kouzou , Kawase Takeshi , Oda Masaji
Published: November 2005

The extended-quinone derivative of cyclopent[fg]acenaphthylene-1,2-dione (pyracyloquinone) is first synthesized and characterized. An X-ray analysis exhibits the non-planar structure involving bent of two 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-cyclohexadienylidene units, and bond alternation along the molecular periphery. The facile formation of trianion radical on cyclic voltammetry reflects high-electron affinity enhanced by antiaromatic character of the formed pyracylene moiety on the dianion state.
Invisible Tagkanysough
Authors: White Ed
Published: November 2005

Thomas Harriot'sA Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginiahas emerged as a paradigmatic “contact” text, in large part thanks to Stephen Greenblatt's canonical interpretation in “Invisible Bullets.” The pair of texts is examined in terms of an implicit codification of the disciplinary tensions between anthropology and history. An alternative reading of an Algonkian ethnography of the English suggests new ways of revisiting the disciplinary rift in colonial studies.
Huntingtin is localized in the nucleus during preimplanatation embryo development in mice
Authors: Jeong Sung‐Jin , Kim Manho , Chang Keun‐A. , Kim Hye‐Sun , Park Cheol‐Hyoung , Suh Yoo‐Hun
Published: November 2005

Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat in the gene encoding huntingtin. Moreover, the nuclear targeting of mutant huntingtin increases cellular toxicity, whereas normal huntingtin resides mainly in the cytoplasm, and is associated with membranes or microtubules. Huntingtin is enriched in neurons and its expression is increased during neural development. The inactivation of the HD gene results in embryonic lethality before nervous system development. Thus, huntingtin is critical during early embryonic development. Nevertheless, the function of huntingtin at this stage is unknown, even the distribution of the protein has not been described.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the distribution of huntingtin during the early developmental period in the mouse embryo. At the preimplantation stage, huntingtin was detected in nuclei up to 2.5 days post coitum (dpc), but disappeared from nuclei during the blastocyst stage (3.5 dpc). Following this stage, huntingtin was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and co‐localized with mitotic spindles. These data suggest that the nuclear targeting of normal huntingtin is required during early embryo development in mice.
Ulnar Nerve Compression in Guyon’s Canal in the Presence of a Tortuous Ulnar Artery
Authors: JOSE R. M. , BRAGG T. , SRIVASTAVA S.
Published: November 2005

A case of ulnar nerve compression in Guyon’s canal occurring in the presence of a tortuous ulnar artery in the canal is presented and the pathology and classification of ulnar nerve compression in Guyon’s canal discussed.
Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Lower to Middle Cambrian sediments at Taijiang, Guizhou Province, China
Authors: GUO QING-JUN , STRAUSS HARALD , LIU CONG-QIANG , ZHAO YUAN-LONG , PI DAO-HUI , FU PING-QING , ZHU LI-JUN , YANG RUI-DONG
Published: November 2005

Secular variations in the carbon isotopic composition of organic and carbonate carbon characterize the Lower to Middle Cambrian transition that is exposed on the Yangtze Platform at Taijiang, Guizhou Province, southern China. δ13C values for organic matter range between −33.4 and −26.5‰. The carbon isotopic composition for carbonate carbon fluctuates between −2.7 and +3.1‰. A progressive decrease in the isotopic difference (Δδ) between these two isotope records reflects a decrease in the proportional contribution of bacterial biomass to the total sedimentary organic matter. In general, the observed changes are interpreted to reflect primary depositional values, notably variations in the burial rates of organic matter. These, in turn, are linked to biological changes across the Lower to Middle Cambrian transition. No distinct shift in the carbon isotopic composition marks the proposed Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary.
Geochemistry of late Mesozoic adakites from the Sulu belt, eastern China: magma genesis and implications for crustal recycling beneath continental collisional orogens
Authors: GUO FENG , FAN WEIMING , LI CHAOWEN
Published: November 2005

Both low-Al and high-Al adakitic andesites erupted at ∼ 114 Ma in the Sulu collisional belt, eastern China, provide evidence for recycling of continental crust into the mantle more than 100 million years after the Triassic (∼ 240 Ma) collision between the North China and Yangtze blocks. These rocks display similar normalized trace element patterns, with enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE) and depletions in Nb, Ta and Ti, and have highly radiogenic Sr and non-radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions (high-Al: 87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.70645–0.70715 and εNd(t)=−20.1 to −19.1; low-Al: 87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.70593–0.70598 and εNd(t)=−17.1 to −15.8). The high-Al (Al2O3 > 15 %) adakitic andesites are compositionally comparable with experimental slab melts, whereas the low-Al series (Al2O3 ∼ 13 %) have higher MgO, Cr and Ni, and higher Sr/Y ratios, and are compositionally comparable with slab melts hybridized by mantle peridotites. Combined major- and trace-element and Sr–Nd isotope data indicate that the two types of adakitic andesites have been derived from a LILE- and LREE-enriched eclogitic lower continental crust; in the case of the high-Al adakitic andesites, the melts underwent insignificant mantle contamination, whereas the low-Al magmas reacted with peridotites. Generation of the two types of late Mesozoic adakitic andesites favours a model of lithospheric delamination, leading to asthenospheric upwelling and extensive melting of lower continental crust, including a delaminated block, in the Sulu belt.
J. P. Morgan & Co., the House of Morgan and Europe 1933–1939
Authors: HORN MARTIN
Published: November 2005

This article examines the stance of J. P. Morgan & Co. and the House of Morgan in European affairs from 1933 to 1939. Within the firms, two conflicting themes were apparent. The first drew on the traditional involvement with Europe and sought solutions to problems in using an international approach. The second was a growing tendency to place the US perspective ahead of an internationalist outlook. The essay argues that in considering transnationalism and private bankers, emphasis needs to be placed on the centrality of personal ties.
Conference Report Transnationalism in the Balkans: The Emergence, Nature and Impact of Cross-national Linkages on an Enlarged and Enlarging Europe, 26–27 November 2004
Authors: KOSTOVICOVA DENISA , BASIC NATALIJA
Published: November 2005

In response to the pull of prospective membership of the European Union (EU), the states, societies and economies of the Balkan countries are undergoing unprecedented change. Their transformation has been shaped by a double legacy of communism and ethnic conflict, distinguishing their efforts from the transitional experience of their counterparts in east central Europe. How do these legacies interact with the goal of becoming a part of the EU? Is political and economic liberalisation a sufficient foundation for the Europeanisation of the Balkan states? How can the extent of their post-communist and post-conflict transformation and European integration be gauged? To tackle these questions, the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, and the Institute for East European Studies at the Free University, Berlin, organised a two-day conference to examine the nature of transnational relations in the Balkans. With the financial support of Volkswagen Stiftung, the conference, entitled ‘Transnationalism in the Balkans: The Emergence, Nature and Impact of Cross-national Linkages on an Enarged and Enlarging Europe’, took place at the LSE in November 2004.
Nothing but Lost Opportunities? The History of the Italian Left, 1980–2000: A View from the Future
Authors: ROMANO ANDREA
Published: November 2005

Iginio Ariemma, La casa brucia. I Democratici di Sinistra dal PCI ai giorni nostri (Venice: Marsilio, 2000), 225 pp., €12.39 (pb), ISBN 8831773798.

Nicola Rossi, Riformisti per forza. La sinistra italiana tra 1996 e 2006 (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2002), 168 pp., €10.50 (pb), ISBN 8815084312.

Antonio Tatò, Caro Berlinguer, Note e appunti riservati di Antonio Tatò a Enrico Berlinguer. 1969–1984 (Turin: Einaudi, 2003), 336 pp., €14.50 (pb), ISBN 880616595X.

Michele Salvati, Il partito democratico. Alle origini di un'idea politica (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2003), 138 pp., €8.00 (pb), ISBN 8815096647.
Optionality in non-native grammars: L2 acquisition of German constructions with absent expletives
Authors: SOPATA ALDONA
Published: November 2005

This paper investigates the knowledge of constructions with absent expletives by advanced and high-proficiency non-native speakers of German whose first language is Polish. German grammar is known to license null subjects due to the strength of AGRP but not to identify them. Therefore only expletive subjects can be absent in German, except for Topic-drop and, crucially, the expletive subjects have to be absent in certain cases due to the Projection Principle. The knowledge of this phenomenon by second language (L2) learners has been investigated by two methods, elicited written production task and grammaticality judgment tests. High-level non-native speakers of German differ significantly from native speakers in both types of tasks. The differences are clearly not the result of transfer. The results reported here reveal permanent optionality in L2 grammars suggesting a deficit in the grammatical representations of L2 learners.
Within-language attention control in second language processing
Authors: TAUBE-SCHIFFNORMAN MARLENE , SEGALOWITZ NORMAN
Published: November 2005

This study investigated attention control in tasks involving the processing of relational terms (more highly grammaticized linguistic stimuli: spatial prepositions) and non-relational terms (less highly grammaticized lexical stimuli: nouns) in a first (L1) and second language (L2). Participants were adult bilinguals with greater proficiency in their L1 (English) than in their L2 (French) as determined by self-report and performance on a speeded word classification task. Attention control was operationalized in terms of shift costs obtained in an alternating runs experimental design (Rogers and Monsell, 1995). As hypothesized from consideration of the attention-directing functions of language, participants displayed significantly greater shift costs (lower attention control) for relational terms when performing in the L2 as compared to the L1, but no difference in shift costs for non-relational terms between the two languages. The results are discussed from a cognitive linguistic perspective and in relation to second language proficiency development.
Shared and separate meanings in the bilingual mental lexicon
Authors: DONG YANPING , GUI SHICHUN , MACWHINNEY BRIAN
Published: November 2005

This paper proposes a shared, distributed, asymmetrical model for the bilingual mental lexicon. To test the sharing of conceptual relations across translation equivalents, Experiment 1 used the classical priming paradigm with specific methodological innovations, trying to satisfy various constraints that had not been addressed in previous studies. The results suggest shared storage for the conceptual representations of the bilingual's two vocabularies and asymmetrical links between concepts and lexical names in the two languages. Experiment 2 examined the details of meaning separation by eliciting semantic closeness rankings for conceptual relations that are equivalent across language translations and those that are not. The results indicate that bilinguals tend to integrate conceptual differences between translation equivalents, but that they also display a “separatist” tendency to maintain the L1 conceptual system in the representation of L1 words and to adopt the L2 conceptual system in the representation of L2 words.
Remarks on Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross's response: There is no “Matrix Language”
Authors: MACSWAN JEFF
Published: November 2005

This research note presents reactions to Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross's (2005) response to MacSwan (2005), the latter offered as a response to Jake, Myers-Scotton and Gross (2002) and as a general critique of the MLF model of Myers-Scotton and colleagues. The note responds to the authors' analysis of various linguistic examples and to their continued assertion that the MLF model (and “matrix language” concept in particular) is necessary to any successful analysis of codeswitching data. The authors' critique of MacSwan's (2005) analysis of some Spanish–English DP facts is shown to fail, demonstrating that there is no “matrix language”. The note advocates that researchers reject across-the-board constraints on codeswitching in favor of a research agenda which relies upon independently motivated principles of grammar for the analysis of bilingual language data, with no codeswitching-specific mechanisms permitted.
Screening for breast cancer in women with previous mantle radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Ralleigh G.
Published: November 2005

There is an established increased risk of secondary malignancy following radiation therapy for cancer in childhood or as a young adult. Breast cancer poses a particular problem as the population risk is significant and screening methods are available raising the question of possible screening interventions for women who are at high lifetime risk.
Modelling and analysis of DCIS detection and reduction in invasive carcinoma – a review
Authors: Duffy S. W.
Published: November 2005

Although much has been written about overdiagnosis in mammographical screening, analytical estimates of the extent of overdiagnosis are rare in the literature. Estimates specific to ductal carcinomain situ(DCIS) and the implications for future invasive disease are even more difficult to find. In this paper, we review studies of incidence of DCIS within breast screening programmes and its association with subsequent incidence of invasive breast cancer. Although sparse, published results suggest that the majority of DCIS cases have the propensity to progress to invasive disease.
Minimally invasive approaches: cryoablation
Authors: Huston T. L. , Simmons R. M.
Published: November 2005

As widespread screening for breast cancer detects more women at younger ages and earlier stages, the need for minimally invasive, cosmetically preferable approaches to its treatment grows. The combination of a superficial location on the thorax and lack of intervening organs makes the breast ideal for ablative therapies, one of which is cryoablation. Cryoablation destroys tissue through multiple cycles of localized freezing. Major advantages to cryoablation are: the ability to perform the procedure in the office under real-time ultrasound guidance, improved post-procedure cosmesis when compared to breast conserving surgery since only a 2 mm skin incision is necessary, and the avoidance of anesthesia since freezing numbs the breast. Numerous studies, reviewed here, have demonstrated success in eradication of invasive breast cancer using this modality. However, before cryoablation can be added to the armamentarium of those who treat breast cancer, prospective randomized trials are needed to determine its long-term effectiveness.
Variability of active chlorine in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere
Authors: Thornton Brett F. , Toohey Darin W. , Avallone Linnea M. , Hallar A. Gannet , Harder Hartwig , Martinez Monica , Simpas James B. , Brune William H. , Koike Makoto , Kondo Yutaka , Takegawa Nobuyuki , Anderson Bruce E. , Avery Melody A.
Published: November 2005

We examine the variability of ClO in the Arctic upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) during the winter of 1999–2000. Data are binned relative to NOy, a species that is a proxy for photochemical age and a photochemical source of NOx. Enhancements in the [ClO]/[Cly] ratio relative to values expected from gas‐phase chemistry alone were observed throughout the region and were largest in the coldest sampled regions, where T < 208 K. At low NOy values, where particles containing NOy and water were often detected, twilight ClO abundances in the afternoon were nearly a factor of 3 larger than those in the morning. At higher NOy values, where much lower particle surface areas were measured, ClO abundances in morning twilight were somewhat larger than those in the afternoon. These observations are consistent with a daytime mechanism of rapid heterogeneous activation of inorganic chlorine in particle‐rich, low‐NOy regions, with slower deactivation in relatively particle‐poor, higher‐NOy regions of the lowermost stratosphere. While the data clearly show widespread chlorine activation, knowledge of the precise value of the [ClO]/[Cly] ratio is limited because of the lack of available data on inorganic chlorine species, notably HCl, believed to be the dominant reservoir of inorganic chlorine at these altitudes.
Geostatistical analysis of an experimental stratigraphy
Authors: Zhang Ye , Person Mark , Paola Chris , Gable Carl W. , Wen Xian‐Huan , Davis J. Matthew
Published: November 2005

A high‐resolution stratigraphic image of a flume‐generated deposit was scaled up to sedimentary basin dimensions where a natural log hydraulic conductivity (ln(K)) was assigned to each pixel on the basis of gray scale and conductivity end‐members. The synthetic ln(K) map has mean, variance, and frequency distributions that are comparable to a natural alluvial fan deposit. A geostatistical analysis was conducted on selected regions of this map containing fluvial, fluvial/floodplain, shoreline, turbidite, and deepwater sedimentary facies. Experimental ln(K) variograms were computed along the major and minor statistical axes and horizontal and vertical coordinate axes. Exponential and power law variogram models were fit to obtain an integral scale and Hausdorff measure, respectively. We conclude that the shape of the experimental variogram depends on the problem size in relation to the size of the local‐scale heterogeneity. At a given problem scale, multilevel correlation structure is a result of constructing variogram with data pairs of mixed facies types. In multiscale sedimentary systems, stationary correlation structure may occur at separate scales, each corresponding to a particular hierarchy; the integral scale fitted thus becomes dependent on the problem size. The Hausdorff measure obtained has a range comparable to natural geological deposits. It increases from nonstratified to stratified deposits with an approximate cutoff of 0.15. It also increases as the number of facies incorporated in a problem increases. This implies that fractal characteristic of sedimentary rocks is both depositional process–dependent and problem‐scale‐dependent.
Radiogenic 4He as a conservative tracer in buried‐valley aquifers
Authors: Van der Hoven Stephen J. , Wright R. Erik , Carstens David A. , Hackley Keith C.
Published: November 2005

The accumulation of 4He in groundwater can be a powerful tool in hydrogeologic investigations. However, the use of 4He often suffers from disagreement or uncertainty related to in situ and external sources of 4He. In situ sources are quantified by several methods, while external sources are often treated as calibration parameters in modeling. We present data from direct laboratory measurements of 4He release from sediments and field data of dissolved 4He in the Mahomet Aquifer, a well‐studied buried‐valley aquifer in central Illinois. The laboratory‐derived accumulation rates (0.13–0.91 μcm3 STP kgwater−1 yr−1) are 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than the accumulation rates based on the U and Th concentrations of the sediments (0.004–0.009 μcm3 STP kgwater−1 yr−1). The direct measurement of accumulation rates are more consistent with dissolved concentrations of 4He in the groundwater. We suggest that the direct measurement method is applicable in a variety of hydrogeologic settings. The patterns of accumulation of 4He are consistent with the conceptual model of flow in the aquifer based on hydraulic and geochemical evidence and show areas where in situ production and external sources of 4He are dominant. In the southwestern part of the study area, Ne concentrations are less than atmospheric solubility, indicating gases have been lost from the groundwater. Available evidence indicates that the gases are lost as groundwater passes by pockets of CH4 in glacial deposits overlying the aquifer. However, the external flux from the underlying bedrock appears to dominate the accumulation of radiogenic 4He in the aquifer in the southwestern part of the study area, and the loss or gain of helium as groundwater passes through the overlying sediments is minor in comparison.
Imaging the dynamics of dyke propagation prior to the 2000–2003 flank eruptions at Piton de La Fournaise, Reunion Island
Authors: Peltier A. , Ferrazzini V. , Staudacher T. , Bachèlery P.
Published: November 2005

The relationship between shallow magma storage and flank injections in volcanic edifices is rarely documented. We analyse the time series of geodetic and seismic data collected at Piton de La Fournaise volcano (La Reunion) during 9 flank eruptions from 2000 to 2003. The data depicts how magma injections supplied flank eruptions at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, and allows to precisely determine the direction and duration of dike intrusions, indicating a two phases pattern, consistent over all the eruptions: 1) Fast vertical migration of the dyke (∼2 m/s) from the magma chamber to the surface in 10 to 50 minutes, and 2) slower, lateral migration (0.2–0.8 m/s) in tens of minutes to hours controlled by the rift zone geometry.
A break in self‐similarity in the Lunigiana‐Garfagnana region (northern Apennines)
Authors: Morasca P. , Mayeda K. , Gök R. , Malagnini L. , Eva C.
Published: November 2005

In this study, stable source parameters are determined for small earthquakes in the Lunigiana‐Garfagnana region using an empirical methodology based on coda envelope measurements that are significantly less affected by the source radiation pattern, directivity, and heterogeneous path variation, than traditional direct wave measurements. We find evidence that the scaled energy (=ER/M0) increases with moment and source spectra are not self‐similar for 3.0 ≤ Mw ≤ 4.6. The calibration procedure allows for an independent check of three important features: (1) that the empirical path corrections provide consistent amplitude measurements for the same event at different stations, distances, and azimuths; (2) that the long‐period levels of the source spectra are consistent with independent M0 derived from long‐period waveform modeling; (3) that small event spectra are flat below a conservative estimate of the corner frequency and thereby effectively accounting for near‐site attenuation.
Exploring dynamic effects in capillary pressure in multistep outflow experiments
Authors: O'Carroll Denis M. , Phelan Thomas J. , Abriola Linda M.
Published: November 2005

Traditional steady state experiments to measure constitutive relations governing two‐phase (organic‐aqueous) flow in the subsurface often extend over periods of weeks or months. Alternatively, one‐step or multistep outflow (MSO) experiments can be combined with application of a multiphase flow simulator and an optimization algorithm to achieve a more rapid technique for parameter estimation. In this work, MSO experiments were conducted to produce a data set for the estimation of two‐phase constitutive parameters using this inverse modeling approach. Examination of experimental results reveals significant discrepancies between observed and simulated outflow data, with simulated curves tending to approach equilibrium at a faster rate than the experimental observations. Similar behavior has been documented by other investigators. Application of alternative equilibrium constitutive models in the multiphase flow optimization simulator failed to improve model fits to observed data. However, when model governing equations were modified to incorporate a dynamic capillary pressure term, there was significant improvement in the agreement between measured and simulated cumulative water outflow and outflow rates. Comparisons of simulated and measured data further suggest that the dynamic capillary pressure constitutive coefficient depends on saturation. Attribution of the observed experimental deviations to dynamic effects in capillarity is also supported by the consistency of the fit equilibrium retention function with an independently measured static retention relation.
Therapie bakterieller Infektionen in der pädiatrischen Onkologie
Authors: Simon A , Beutel K , Marklein G , Fleischhack G
Published: November 2005

Ohne den sachkundigen Einsatz von Antibiotika kann das Ziel einer intensiveren Chemotherapie und letztlich eines verbesserten Langzeitüberlebens in der pädiatrischen Onkologie nicht erreicht werden. Während der Granulozytopenie und auch zwischen den intensiven Chemotherapien können bakterielle Infektionen die Lebensqualität des Patienten beeinträchtigen, das Leben des Patienten akut gefährden und den Ressourcenverbrauch im Rahmen der erforderlichen supportiven Behandlung massiv erhöhen. Der unkritische und nicht standardisierte Umgang mit Antibiotika kann den Patienten unnötigerweise mit Nebenwirkungen belasten und zur Selektion resistenter Bakterienspezies führen. Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgruppe „Infektionen bei immunsupprimierten Kindern” der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) zur gezielten Therapie mit Antibiotika, insoweit sie für die Behandlung pädiatrisch-onkologischer Patienten von Interesse sind.
Accurate prediction of electron-paramagnetic-resonance tensors for spin probes dissolved in liquid crystals
Authors: Benzi Caterina , Cossi Maurizio , Barone Vincenzo
Published: November 2005

High-level ab initio g and A tensor components have been calculated for PD-tempone and tempo-palmitate (TP) radical spin probes dissolved in n-pentyl and n-hexyl cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals. Solvent effects have been included in the proposed approach by means of the polarizable continuum model, allowing for solvent anisotropy. An in-depth analysis of the electronic structure of probes was performed to choose a suitable model for TP and make the calculations more accessible. Computed magnetic tensor components have been compared with corresponding values measured in the rigid limit. The quality of the results suggests the use of quantum-mechanical data to determine the order parameter of the nematic from experimental electron-spin resonance measurements.
Quantum approaches for the insertion dynamics of the H++D2 and D++H2 reactive collisions
Authors: González-Lezana Tomas , Aguado Alfredo , Paniagua Miguel , Roncero O.
Published: November 2005

The H++D2 and D++H2 reactive collisions are studied using a recently proposed adiabatic potential energy surface of spectroscopic accuracy. The dynamics is studied using an exact wave packet method on the adiabatic surface at energies below the curve crossing occurring at ≈1.5eV above the threshold. It is found that the reaction is very well described by a statistical quantum method for a zero total angular momentum (J) as compared with the exact ones, while for higher J some discrepancies are found. For J>0 different centrifugal sudden approximations are proposed and compared with the exact and statistical quantum treatments. The usual centrifugal sudden approach fails by considering too high reaction barriers and too low reaction probabilities. A new statistically modified centrifugal sudden approach is considered which corrects these two failures to a rather good extent. It is also found that an adiabatic approximation for the helicities provides results in very good agreement with the statistical method, placing the reaction barrier properly. However, both statistical and adiabatic centrifugal treatments overestimate the reaction probabilities. The reaction cross sections thus obtained with the new approaches are in rather good agreement with the exact results. In spite of these deficiencies, the quantum statistical method is well adapted for describing the insertion dynamics, and it is then used to evaluate the differential cross sections.
Uniqueness for Dissipative Schrödinger-Poisson Systems
Authors: Neidhardt H. , Rehberg J.
Published: November 2005

The paper is devoted to the dissipative Schrödinger-Poisson system. We indicate conditions in terms of the Schrödinger-Poisson data which guarantee that there is a unique solution. Moreover, it is shown that if the system is sufficiently small shrunken, then it always admits a unique solution.
Geometry optimization of crystals by the quasi-independent curvilinear coordinate approximation
Authors: Németh Károly , Challacombe Matt
Published: November 2005

The quasi-independent curvilinear coordinate approximation (QUICCA) method [K. Németh and M. Challacombe, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 2877 (2004)] is extended to the optimization of crystal structures. We demonstrate that QUICCA is valid under periodic boundary conditions, enabling simultaneous relaxation of the lattice and atomic coordinates, as illustrated by tight optimization of polyethylene, hexagonal boron nitride, a (10,0) carbon nanotube, hexagonal ice, quartz, and sulfur at the Γ-point RPBE/STO-3G level of theory.
Photonic crystal all-polymer slab resonators
Authors: Böttger G. , Schmidt M. , Eich M. , Boucher R. , Hübner U.
Published: November 2005

Moderate air-hole-fraction photonic crystal square lattice structures defining small cavity resonators were created by etching air holes of 0.15μm radius to a depth of 3μm in an all-polymer slab waveguide. Transmission measurements with subnanometer resolution resolved the complete transmission spectra and highly resonant defect peaks with quality factors Q larger than 400. Simulations demonstrate the importance of high-aspect-ratio etching depths for maintaining vertical index-confinement and vertically quasisymmetric field distributions despite the material index asymmetry. Experimental spectra are shown to match the three-dimensional finite-integration simulations. Enhanced quality factors of up to 20000 were found in the simulations for cavities bounded by modified radius air holes. In this manner resonators with very low out-of-cavity losses and high defect state transmission may be created in moderate index contrast polymer waveguide slabs.
Visible cathodoluminescence of 4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mei Y. F. , Siu G. G. , Fu Ricky K. Y. , Chu Paul K , Li Z. M. , Zhai J. P. , Liu H. J. , Tang Z. K. , Lai C. W. , Ong H. C.
Published: November 2005

We report on cathodoluminescence (CL) of monosized and well-aligned 4 Å single-walled carbon nanotubes in a zeolite template (AlPO4-5 single crystal). The CL exhibits three emission bands centered at 1.87, 2.22, and 2.98 eV, which are assigned to three possible 4 Å tube structures (4,2), (5,0), and (3,3), respectively. The assignation is based on first-principles calculations, Raman scattering measurement, and CL behavior of various samples. The emission peak shift of the (5, 0) tube is explained by the transition mechanism being different from photoluminescence due to the excitation of electrons with high energy.
H-sensitive radiative recombination path in Si nanoclusters embedded in SiO2
Authors: Comedi D. , Zalloum O. H. Y. , Mascher P.
Published: November 2005

The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) from silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix fabricated by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and subsequent annealing in Ar and (Ar+5%H2) was studied. In addition to strong increases of the integrated PL intensity (factors of ∼4 to 10), the selective enhancement of contributions to the PL spectra at long wavelengths was observed for (Ar+5%H2) annealings. The selective H passivation of Si dangling bonds in disordered Si nanoclusters where radiative recombination proceeds through disorder-induced shallow states is proposed as a possible explanation for the observed effects.
Solution-processed infrared photovoltaic devices with >10% monochromatic internal quantum efficiency
Authors: Maria Ahmed , Cyr Paul W. , Klem Ethan J. D. , Levina Larissa , Sargent Edward H.
Published: November 2005

Large-area, physically flexible, solution-cast photovoltaics are of urgent interest to realize low-cost solar cells. Polymer, polymer-fullerene, and polymer-nanocrystal photovoltaics absorb light only to wavelengths as long as 750 nm, with the exception of one recent report out to 1000 nm. Half of the sun’s power spectrum lies beyond 700 nm; one third beyond 1000 nm; and infrared emitters of growing interest in thermal photovoltaics emit predominantly in the 1–3μm range. We report herein a processible infrared photovoltaic device active beyond 1μm. Our best devices exhibit external quantum efficiencies exceeding 1% and estimated monochromatic internal quantum efficiencies greater than 10%. This represents an improvement by more than 1000 compared to the best previously reported processible >1μm infrared photovoltaics. We employ a novel device architecture in which the infrared-absorbing active layer is based purely on semiconductor nanoparticles with no semiconducting polymer matrix. The replacement of a polymer-quantum dot composite with a pure nanoparticle layer, combined with improvements in control of organic ligands passivating nanoparticle surfaces, facilitates improved electronic transport, enhancing carrier extraction prior to recombination.
Imaging the dissociation process of O2 background gas during pulsed laser ablation of LiNbO3
Authors: Epurescu G. , Siegel J. , Gonzalo J. , Gordillo-Vázquez F. J. , Afonso C. N.
Published: November 2005

The dynamics and the reactivity of the plasma produced during pulsed laser ablation of LiNbO3 have been investigated. Optical emission spectroscopy combined with time-gated imaging with high spatial resolution is applied to the study of the factors that influence the plasma expansion process, the dynamics of the ejected species the influence of a background atmosphere (O2 and Ar) and the reactivity of the expanding plasma. Direct evidence for O2 dissociation occurring during expansion is presented and the temporal evolution of the spatial distribution of the dissociated O2 is studied in detail. The influence of dissociation and velocities of the ablated species on the quality of thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition are discussed.
Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees. complex pastures in southern New South Wales, Australia: a comparison of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa L. cv. Nova under intensive rotational management
Authors: Johnston W. H. , Cornish P. S. , Koen T. B. , Shoemark V. F.
Published: November 2005

The productivity, carrying capacity and liveweight performance of wether sheep grazing pastures of Eragrostis curvula cv. Consol and Medicago sativa cv. Nova, which were also sown with annual grasses and Trifolium subterraneum, were compared under an intensive 4-paddock rotational grazing regime in a ‘put-and-take’ grazing experiment at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales from November 1993 to August 1996.
The productivity of the pastures was broadly similar, with production peaks of >1000 kg/ha in winter and >3000 kg/ha in spring and summer in paddocks that had been spelled for 6 weeks. Although annual species contributed a high proportion of the total herbage mass in spring, over the remainder of the year, both pastures were dominated by their respective perennials. E. curvula maintained an average plant density of approximately 20 plants/m2. The density of M. sativa declined noticeably during the 3 years, and at the end of the experiment M. sativa plants in 1 replicate of the experiment were killed by rising groundwater and dryland salinity.
The long-term average stocking rate of E. curvula and M. sativa pastures were similar (12.1 v. 12.5 sheep/ha) and both pastures were capable of sustaining high stocking rates for lengthy periods in spring and summer. Sheep grazing M. sativa tended to be heavier than animals grazing E. curvula, and they produced, on average, 1.1 kg (or 21%) more wool. However, M. sativa was more difficult to establish and its costs for weed and insect control were higher. Therefore, although it was more productive, it might not have been the most economically viable of the 2 pastures.
The implications of the findings were discussed within a whole-farm context and it was concluded that E. curvula has a complimentary role to M. sativa for sowing on landscapes and in situations to which M. sativa is poorly adapted.