bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portal hypertensive gastropathy is associated with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Simbrunner Benedikt , Beer Andrea , Wöran Katharina , Schmitz Fabian , Primas Christian , Wewalka Marlene , Pinter Matthias , Dolak Werner , Scheiner Bernhard , Puespoek Andreas , Trauner Michael , Oberhuber Georg , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas
Published: January 2020

Background and aims

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is common in patients with cirrhosis and may cause bleeding. This study systematically explored the independent impact of patient characteristics, portal hypertension and hepatic dysfunction on PHG severity and associated anemia.

Methods

Patients with cirrhosis undergoing endoscopy were included in this retrospective analysis and PHG was endoscopically graded as absent, mild or severe. Clinical and laboratory parameters and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) were assessed with respect to an association with severity of PHG.

Results

A total of 110 patients (mean age: 57 years, 69% male) with mostly alcoholic liver disease (49%) or viral hepatitis (30%) were included: 15 (13.6%) patients had no PHG, 59 (53.6%) had mild PHG, and 36 (32.7%) had severe PHG. Severe PHG was significantly associated with male sex (83.3% vs. 62.2% in no or mild PHG; p = 0.024) and higher Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) stage (CTP-C: 38.9% vs. 27.0% in no or mild PHG; p = 0.030), while MELD was similar (p = 0.253). Patients with severe PHG had significantly lower hemoglobin values (11.2 ± 0.4 g/dL vs. 12.4 ± 0.2 g/dL; p = 0.008) and a higher prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA: 48.5% vs. 26.9%; p = 0.032). Interestingly, HVPG was not significantly higher in severe PHG (median 20 mm Hg) vs. mild PHG (19 mm Hg) and no PHG (18 mm Hg; p = 0.252). On multivariate analysis, CTP score (odds ratio, OR: 1.25, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.02–1.53; p = 0.033) was independently associated with severe PHG, while only a trend towards an independent association with IDA was observed (OR: 2.28, 95% CI 0.91–5.72; p = 0.078).

Conclusion

The CTP score but not HVPG or MELD were risk factors for severe PHG. Importantly, anemia and especially IDA are significantly more common in patients with severe PHG.
Mechanistic evaluation of long-term in-stent restenosis based on models of tissue damage and growth
Authors: He Ran , Zhao Liguo , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Liu Yang
Published: January 2020

Development and application of advanced mechanical models of soft tissues and their growth represent one of the main directions in modern mechanics of solids. Such models are increasingly used to deal with complex biomedical problems. Prediction of in-stent restenosis for patients treated with coronary stents remains a highly challenging task. Using a finite element method, this paper presents a mechanistic approach to evaluate the development of in-stent restenosis in an artery following stent implantation. Hyperelastic models with damage, verified with experimental results, are used to describe the level of tissue damage in arterial layers and plaque caused by such intervention. A tissue-growth model, associated with vessel damage, is adopted to describe the growth behaviour of a media layer after stent implantation. Narrowing of lumen diameter with time is used to quantify the development of in-stent restenosis in the vessel after stenting. It is demonstrated that stent designs and materials strongly affect the stenting-induced damage in the media layer and the subsequent development of in-stent restenosis. The larger the artery expansion achieved during balloon inflation, the higher the damage introduced to the media layer, leading to an increased level of in-stent restenosis. In addition, the development of in-stent restenosis is directly correlated with the artery expansion during the stent deployment. The correlation is further used to predict the effect of a complex clinical procedure, such as stent overlapping, on the level of in-stent restenosis developed after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Truthmaker Semantics for Relevant Logic
Authors: Jago Mark
Published: January 2020

I develop and defend a truthmaker semantics for the relevant logic R. The approach begins with a simple philosophical idea and develops it in various directions, so as to build a technically adequate relevant semantics. The central philosophical idea is that truths are true in virtue of specific states. Developing the idea formally results in a semantics on which truthmakers are relevant to what they make true. A very natural notion of conditionality is added, giving us relevant implication. I then investigate ways to add conjunction, disjunction, and negation; and I discuss how to justify contraposition and excluded middle within a truthmaker semantics.
Sharing is (Not) Caring? The Interactive Effects of Power and Psychological Distance on Tolerance of Unethical Behavior
Authors: Paramita Widya , Septianto Felix , Winahjoe Sari , Purwanto B.M. , Candra Ika Diyah
Published: January 2020

Despite the tremendous growth of Airbnb, various media have reported ethical misconduct occurring within the Airbnb context by both hosts and users. The current research seeks to examine the interactive effects of power (high vs. low) and psychological distance (close vs. distant) to explain individual tolerance of unethical behavior across two experimental studies for the case of Airbnb. Specifically, we propose that when an individual (i.e., an Airbnb host or user) feels powerless (vs. powerful), that individual will show a low level of tolerance to unethical behavior and tend to judge the ethical behavior more harshly. However, the effect of power will only emerge in the psychologically close condition (e.g., a host judging a host's unethical behavior), but not in the psychologically distant condition (e.g., a host judging a user's unethical behavior). Further, we establish that this interactive effect is mediated by feelings of empathy.
Linking collision, slab break-off and subduction polarity reversal in the evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone
Authors: Deshmukh Tanzil , Prabhakar N.
Published: January 2020

The Central Indian Tectonic Zone demarcates the zone of amalgamation between the North Indian Craton and the South Indian Craton. Presently, the major controversies in the existing tectonic models of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone revolve around the direction of subduction and the precise timing of accretion between the North Indian Craton and the South Indian Craton. A new model for the tectonic evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone is postulated in this contribution, based on recent geological and geophysical evidence, combined with previously documented tectonic configurations. The present study employs the slab break-off hypothesis and subsequent polarity reversal to explain the tectonic processes involved in the evolution of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone. We propose that the subduction initiated (c. 2.5 Ga) in a S-directed system producing island-arc sequences on the South Indian Craton. The southward subduction regime culminated with slab break-off underneath the South Indian Craton betweenc. 1.65 Ga and 1.55 Ga, which subsequently induced subduction polarity reversal and set the course for N-directed subduction (<1.55 Ga). The final closure along the Central Indian Tectonic Zone is governed by the collisional regime during the Sausar Orogeny (1.0–0.9 Ga).
Unequal benefits – diverging attitudes? Analysing the effects of an unequal expansion of childcare provision on attitudes towards maternal employment across 18 European countries
Authors: Neimanns Erik
Published: January 2020

Childcare policies have become an important element of social investment reforms, but in most countries access to childcare has remained socially unequal. Some studies have suggested that a trend towards more gender egalitarian work–family attitudes has facilitated the expansion of childcare provision. Yet, we know little about the repercussions of an unequal expansion of childcare provision on public attitudes towards the work–family nexus. Building on multilevel models of 18 European countries and two waves of the International Social Survey Programme, this analysis examines the effects of an unequal childcare expansion on attitudes towards maternal employment. The results reveal that individuals with lower income remain more skeptical of maternal employment when childcare provision is highly unequal. The unequally distributed benefits of an expansion of childcare provision contribute to a divergence of attitudes across socio-economic groups, which might create a more difficult political terrain for the implementation of expansive social investment reforms.
Rain fade slope model for terrestrial microwave links
Authors: Chebil Jalel , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Zyoud Al-Hareth , Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Dao Hassan
Published: January 2020

The dynamic characteristic of rain fade slope is one important factor in determining the availability of a communication system, and it is very useful in the design of fade countermeasures. In the literature, many models were proposed for rain fade slope for earth-to-satellite links. However, there are no models available for rain fade point to point terrestrial microwave links. This paper proposes a new model for the estimation of rain fade slope statistics for terrestrial microwave links in tropical regions. First, the ITU-R model for rain fade slope for earth-to-satellite link was compared with the corresponding statistics obtained from rain attenuation data measured from three terrestrial links in Malaysia. It is found that the expression of its distribution and its standard deviation should be modified. This leads to the derivation of the proposed rain fade slope model based on the statistics of one link. Then, it is tested using the remaining data and its results were very close to the measured statistics for all attenuation levels higher than 1 dB. Moreover, the model was validated using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
The Impact of Nonbreaking Waves on Wind‐Driven Ocean Surface Turbulence
Authors: Savelyev I. B. , Buckley M. P. , Haus B. K.
Published: January 2020

A comprehensive study on the properties of upper ocean turbulence and its response to a variety of wind and wave forcing conditions was conducted at the Surge Structure Atmosphere INteraction (SUSTAIN) facility, University of Miami, RSMAS. The dimensions of SUSTAIN wind‐wave‐current tunnel are 18 m long, 6 m wide, and 2 m high, uniquely allowing for freely forming turbulence unconstrained by side walls. The grid of input parameters covered a range of wave steepness (ak: 0–0.27) within each investigated wind speed (U10: 2–20 m/s), allowing for the isolation of wave effects on the turbulence driven by both wind and waves. The response of turbulence to each pair of wind‐wave parameters was measured in steady‐state conditions (after 20+ min of settling time) by a suite of nonintrusive turbulence visualization techniques, located at 10 m fetch. These included 3‐D visualization of water tracing dye entrainment by turbulence, underwater particle image velocimetry, and passive and active thermal imagery resolving surface skin temperature and velocity fluctuations. The resulting data set includes both qualitative 3‐D view of subsurface turbulent structures and precise quantitative turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) measurements mapped out in response to the grid of input parameters. In lower winds, TKE was found to grow substantially in response to increasing wave steepness, in line with the expected effect of increasing wave forcing. However, in higher winds the effect of increasing wave steepness on TKE was found to be negative. It is hypothesized to be due to the rise of airflow separation, effectively sheltering much of the water surface from turbulence production by wind friction.
Repository of proposed pathways and protein–protein interaction networks in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pool Fran M. , Kiel Christina , Serrano Luis , Luthert Philip J.
Published: January 2020

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the commonest causes of sight loss in the elderly population and to date there is no intervention that slows or prevents early AMD disease progressing to blinding neovascularization or geographic atrophy. AMD is a complex disease and factors proposed to contribute to the development and progression of disease include aging, genetics, epigenetics, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, and life-style factors such as smoking, alcohol, and high fat diet. Here, we generate a knowledge repository of pathways and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks likely to be implicated in AMD pathogenesis, such as complement activation, lipid trafficking and metabolism, vitamin A cycle, oxidative stress, proteostasis, bioenergetics, autophagy/mitophagy, extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, and choroidal vascular dropout. Two disctinct clusters ermerged from the networks for parainflamation and ECM homeostasis, which may represent two different disease modules underlying AMD pathology. Our analyses also suggest that the disease manifests primarily in RPE/choroid and less in neural retina. The use of standardized syntax when generating maps of these biological processes (SBGN standard) and networks (PSI standard) enables visualization of complex information in graphical programs such as CellDesigner and Cytoscape and enhances reusability and extension of data. The ability to focus onto subnetworks, multiple visualizations and simulation options will enable the AMD research community to computationally model subnetworks or to test experimentally new hypotheses arising from connectivities in the AMD pathway map.
Asthma control and COPD symptom burden in patients using fixed-dose combination inhalers (SPRINT study)
Authors: Roche Nicolas , Plaza Vicente , Backer Vibeke , van der Palen Job , Cerveri Isa , Gonzalez Chelo , Safioti Guilherme , Scheepstra Irma , Patino Oliver , Singh Dave
Published: January 2020

Previous studies have found suboptimal control of symptom burden to be widespread among patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Phase IV SPRINT study was conducted in 10 countries in Europe to assess asthma disease control and COPD symptom burden in patients treated with a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta agonists (LABAs). SPRINT included 1101 patients with asthma and 560 with COPD; all were receiving treatment with an FDC of ICS/LABA, delivered via various inhalers. Data were obtained over a 3-month period, during a single routine physician’s office visit. Asthma control was defined as Asthma Control Test (ACT) score >19. COPD symptom burden was assessed by COPD Assessment Test (CAT), with a CAT score <10 defining low COPD symptom burden. Among patients using any ICS/LABA FDC, 62% of patients with asthma had achieved disease control (ACT score >19) and 16% of patients with COPD had low symptom burden (CAT score <10).
Recent progress of heterostructure-based photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical biosensing: a mini review
Authors: Wang Bing , Cao Jun-Tao , Liu Yan-Ming
Published: January 2020

The heterostructure photoelectrodes have witted the rapid development to improve the performance of PEC biosensors recently.
Acid promoted radical-chain difunctionalization of styrenes with stabilized radicals and (N,O)-nucleophiles
Authors: Liu Sensheng , Klussmann Martin
Published: January 2020

A radical chain difunctionalization of styrenes does not require a catalyst, but activation of benzoyl peroxide by a strong acid.
Evidence for an egg-box-like structure in iron(ii)–polygalacturonate hydrogels: a combined EXAFS and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Maire du Poset Aline , Zitolo Andrea , Cousin Fabrice , Assifaoui Ali , Lerbret Adrien
Published: January 2020

The coordination of Fe(ii) with polygalacturonic acid (polyGalA) in Fe(ii)–polyGalA hydrogels exhibits an octahedral geometry that follows the “egg-box model”.
Decomposition mechanism scenarios of CL-20 co-crystals revealed by ReaxFF molecular dynamics: similarities and differences
Authors: Ren Chunxing , Liu Han , Li Xiaoxia , Guo Li
Published: January 2020

Overall scenarios first revealed clearly by ReaxFF MD for self-heating, similar product distributions and altered kinetics in the three-stage decomposition of CL-20 and its cocrystals under adiabatic conditions.
Lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium amine-bis(phenolate) complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide
Authors: Devaine-Pressing Katalin , Oldenburg Fabio J. , Menzel Jan P. , Springer Maximilian , Dawe Louise N. , Kozak Christopher M.
Published: January 2020

Li, Na, K and Ca complexes capable of rac-lactide polymerization in both the melt and in solution were synthesized. MALDI-TOF MS showed mainly cyclic PLA was obtained even in the presence of an alcohol co-initiator.
Offering authors a choice: introduction of optional double-blind peer review
Authors: McNeill Kristopher , Novak Paige J. , Vikesland Peter J.
Published: January 2020

The Editors-in-Chief of the Environmental Science journals discuss the introduction of optional double-blind peer review.
Chromone and donepezil hybrids as new multipotent cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Xiao-Bing , Yin Fu-Cheng , Huang Ming , Jiang Neng , Lan Jin-Shuai , Kong Ling-Yi
Published: January 2020

Good permeability to cross the blood–brain barrier; low toxicity to PC12 cells.
Theoretical and experimental study of the coordination ability of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidinylhydrazone diacetylmonooxime towards Ni(ii), Mn(ii), Fe(iii) and Co(iii) ions
Authors: Lukov Vladimir V. , Tsaturyan Arshak A. , Tupolova Yulia P. , Popov Leonid D. , Shcherbakov Igor N. , Lebedev Vladimir E. , Askalepova Olga I. , Lastovina Tatiana A. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Khustalev Victor N. , Poler Jordan C.
Published: January 2020

The complexing ability of diacethylmonooxime 4,6-dimethylpyrimidylhydrazone ligand with Ni(ii), Mn(ii), Fe(iii) and Co(iii) salts have been studied.
The promotion of proton conductivity by immobilizing molybdovanadophosphoric acids in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Fuli , Liang Cuiyuan , Tang Jiyu , Zhang Feng , Qu Fengyu
Published: January 2020

A novel solid-state electrolyte based on a MOF impregnated with polyoxometalate (PMoVx@MIL-101) achieves favourable proton conductivity.
Challenges and benefits of post-lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Walter Marc , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V.
Published: January 2020

Post-Li-ion batteries based on Na, Mg, and Al offer substantial electrochemical and economic advantages in comparison with Li-ion batteries.
Membrane shell permeability of Rs-198 microcapsules and their ability for growth promoting bioactivity compound releasing
Authors: Wu Zhansheng , Li Xuan , Liu Xiaochen , Dong Jiawei , Fan Daidi , Xu Xiaolin , He Yanhui
Published: January 2020

Microencapsulation of bacteria is an alternative technology to enhance viability during processing and application.
Polarization-enhanced photoelectric performance in a molecular ferroelectric hexane-1,6-diammonium pentaiodobismuth (HDA-BiI5)-based solar device
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Zhang Ganghua , Zhu Mingjun , Chen Wenbo , Zou Qi , Zeng Tao
Published: January 2020

Molecular ferroelectric HDA-BiI5 has been utilized as the light-absorbing layer for organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.
Correction: Enhanced electrochemical performance of nanoplate nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) supercapacitor applications
Authors: Yedluri Anil Kumar , Kim Hee-Je
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘Enhanced electrochemical performance of nanoplate nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) supercapacitor applications’ by Anil Kumar Yedluri et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 1115–1122.
Elucidating the role of solvents in acid catalyzed dehydration of biorenewable hydroxy-lactones
Authors: Shrivastav Gourav , Khan Tuhin S. , Agarwal Manish , Haider M. Ali
Published: January 2020

Utilizing the differential stabilization of reactant and transition state in the polar and apolar solvents to lower the activation free energy barrier for acid-catalyzed dehydration of hydroxy lactones.
observer–controller synthesis approach in low frequency for T–S fuzzy systems
Authors: Xie Wen‐Bo , Han Zhao‐Kun , Wu Fen , Zhu Song
Published: January 2020

For the output feedback control problem of continuous‐time T–S fuzzy systems with unknown premise variables, an observer–controller design method in the low‐frequency domain is proposed. First, an observer–controller structure is given, the unknown premise variables are limited by Lipschitz conditions. Then, the system stability conditions are obtained by the negativeness of eigenvalues' real parts. To achieve better control performance of the system in low frequency, the index for attenuating the unknown low‐frequency disturbance is guaranteed by generalised Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma. Then, the stability and robustness conditions are converted into linear matrix inequality forms, which can be solved directly by a convex optimisation technique. Finally, several simulation examples carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Set‐point output tracking problem for linear plants via periodic event‐triggered control
Authors: Yu Hao , Hao Fei
Published: January 2020

This study addresses event‐triggered tracking control for linear systems with constant reference signals and disturbances. A remote observer‐based proportional–integral controller, which communicates with the plant only at some discrete instants, is designed. The transmissions, involving both the sensor‐to‐controller and the controller‐to‐actuator channels, are scheduled by periodic event‐triggered control. A new kind of summation‐based triggering condition is proposed which can ensure that there exists a positive minimum inter‐event time uniformly for a family of controllers parameterised by the verification periods. Then, it is proved that the proposed periodic event‐triggered control can solve the set‐point tracking problem asymptotically without the assumption that the reference signal is accessible to the sensor. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of the obtained results.
Exponential stabilisation of continuous‐time periodic stochastic systems by feedback control based on periodic discrete‐time observations
Authors: Dong Ran , Mao Xuerong , Birrell Stewart A
Published: January 2020

Since Mao in 2013 discretised the system observations for stabilisation problem of hybrid SDEs (stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching) by feedback control, the study of this topic using a constant observation frequency has been further developed. However, time‐varying observation frequencies have not been considered. Particularly, an observational more efficient way is to consider the time‐varying property of the system and observe a periodic SDE system at the periodic time‐varying frequencies. This study investigates how to stabilise a periodic hybrid SDE by a periodic feedback control, based on periodic discrete‐time observations. This study provides sufficient conditions under which the controlled system can achieve p th moment exponential stability for and almost sure exponential stability. Lyapunov's method and inequalities are main tools for derivation and analysis. The existence of observation interval sequences is verified and one way of its calculation is provided. Finally, an example is given for illustration. Their new techniques not only reduce observational cost by reducing observation frequency dramatically but also offer flexibility on system observation settings. This study allows readers to set observation frequencies according to their needs to some extent.
Distribution system protection by coordinated fault current limiters
Authors: Heidary Amir , Radmanesh Hamid , Naghibi Seyed Hamid , Samandarpour Sahand , Rouzbehi Kumars , Shariati Negin
Published: January 2020

The protection of distribution networks is one of the most substantial issues, which needs special attention. Using appropriate protective equipment enhances the safety of the power distribution network during the fault conditions. Fault current limiter (FCL) is a kind of modern preserving system being used for protecting power networks and equipment. One of the main concerns of power networks is the voltage restoration of buses during faulty conditions. In this study, a group of coordinated DC reactor type faults current limiters are designed and tested to protect the network and restore its buses voltage within the fault period. To coordinate FCLs and measurement devices during the fault sequences, a wireless communication system and decision‐making computer are used. The proposed FCLs coordination strategy is modelled and simulated in MATLAB platform and the results are validated by the developed laboratory test setup.
Hybrid parallelisation scheme for the application of distributed near‐field sparse approximate inverse preconditioners on high‐performance computing clusters
Authors: Delgado Carlos , García Eliseo , Somolinos Álvaro , Cátedra Manuel Felipe
Published: January 2020

This work presents an efficient approach for the generation of distributed Sparse Approximate Inverse preconditioners based on the near‐field coupling information for the analysis of electromagnetic problems on large computing clusters. This scheme combines the Message Passing Interface and Open Multi‐Processing paradigms in order to minimise the CPU time and memory footprint of the preconditioner, making use of specific algorithms tailored to balance the load and reduce the amount ot information shared between nodes. Some representative examples provide insight into the scalability and performance of the described approach addressing large and realistic scenarios.
Design and simulation of a flat cap mushroom shape microelectromechanical systems piezoelectric transducer with the application as hydrophone
Authors: Amiri Peyman , Kordrostami Zoheir , Ghoddus Hossein
Published: January 2020

A microelectromechanical systems piezoelectric transducer capable of measuring static accelerations and acoustic vibrations has been designed and proposed. The transducer is composed of a circular plate on a pillar, which is fixed at the centre and free at the rim so that it resembles a flat cap mushroom. An annular piezoelectric layer has been employed to convert the vibration‐induced stress of the plate to a potential difference. The proposed structure has been compared with diaphragm piezoelectric transducers and hydrophones and its superior performance has been verified. Analytical models for both static and dynamic accelerations have been developed, discussed and the output voltage has been formulated, which is in a very good agreement with the finite element analysis. Results show that the maximum sensitivity is achieved when there is an annular piezoelectric layer on the plate around the pillar perimeter. The effect of different geometrical parameters on the transducer performance has been studied. The proposed flat cap mushroom shape piezoelectric transducer could achieve −186.5 dB sensitivity and a very wide bandwidth. Another important advantage of the proposed structure is that by controlling the pillar radius and without changing the plate size, the sensitivity can be enhanced.
Probabilistic assessment of insulator failure under contaminated conditions
Authors: Shariatinasab Reza , Saghafi Saeed , Khorashadizadeh Mohammad , Ghayedi Morteza
Published: January 2020

This study presents a probabilistic approach, based on the finite element method (FEM), to model insulator flashover and calculate the failure risk of insulators under contaminated conditions. In the proposed method, the voltage distribution along the insulator surface is estimated by FEM and the random turn wheel is utilised to describe the stochastic propagation of arc along the insulator surface as well as in the air. This basis is used to obtain the probability of insulator flashover for different contaminations, separately. Then, from the simulation results, the probability density function of flashover in terms of pollution can be determined based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The proposed model is verified by comparing the associated results with those of the literature, in which the reliability and accuracy of the presented method are approved. Finally, having the cumulative distribution function of insulation strength and probability density function of pollution stress, the failure risk is calculated, in which the results can be used to predict the annual outage rate of transmission lines.
MASGQF with application to SINS alignment
Authors: Qian Chen , Li Sheng , Chen Qingwei , Guo Jian , Yan Fei
Published: January 2020

To effectively improve the computation efficiency in the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) alignment process, the authors propose a marginalised adaptive sparse‐grid quadrature filter (MASGQF). The filtering method combines the virtues of marginalisation technique and accuracy level switching structure to decrease the computational burden and improve the filtering precision simultaneously. With the adaptation criterion and the predefined tolerance value, different integration rules corresponding to the different accuracy levels nested in the proposed filtering method can be adjusted autonomously. It is proved that the MASGQF is exponentially bounded by theoretical analysis. The performance comparison of different filtering methods is demonstrated by the numerical results of the simulation and offline experiment. On the basis of the data performance of the online test, the validity of the proposed MASGQF is verified in the SINS alignment application.
The debated question of asymmetrical rhynchonellids (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida): examples from the Late Cretaceous of Western Europe
Authors: Gaspard Danièle , Charbonnier Sylvain
Published: January 2020

Many Cretaceous asymmetrical rhynchonellid brachiopods (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) have long been considered asRhynchonella difformis(ValenciennesinLamarck, 1819). After a revision, Owen (1962) included the Cenomanian specimens from Europe inCyclothyrisM’Coy, 1844. Later, Manceñidoet al.(2002) confirmed this decision and critically mentioned the name of another asymmetrical rhynchonellid genus from Spain,OwenirhynchiaCalzadainCalzada and Pocovi, 1980. Specimens with an asymmetrical anterior margin (non particularly ecophenotypical), from the Late Coniacian and the Santonian of Les Corbières (Aude, France) and Basse-Provence (SE France) are here compared to specimens of the original Cenomanian speciesC. difformis. They are also compared to new material from the Northern Castilian Platform (Coniacian-Santonian, N Spain) and toRhynchonella globataArnaud, 1877 (Campanian, Les Charentes, Dordogne, SW France) andRh. vesicularisCoquand, 1860 (Campanian, Charente, SW France). These observations document the great morphological diversity among all these species and lead us to erect a new species:Cyclothyris grimarginanov. sp. from the type material of Arnaud, and two new genera:Contortithyrisnov. gen. includingContortithyris thermaenov. sp.,Beaussetithyrisnov. gen. includingBeaussetithyrisasymmetricanov. sp. All of these brachiopods fundamentally present an asymmetrical state which origin is discussed.
Bestrahlung von Knochenmetastasen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: January 2020

Die multifraktionierte Radiatio stellt seit Jahrzehnten den Behandlungsstandard bei Knochenmetastasen solider Tumoren dar. Verglichen mit dem Standard reduzierte die stereotaktische Einzeitbestrahlung (SBRT) Schmerzen deutlicher, war aber gleichzeitig mit einer schlechteren lokalen Kontrolle assoziiert. Eine neue prospektive Studie bestätigt dies nicht. Der wahrscheinliche Grund: Die Patienten erhielten bei der SBRT statt der üblichen 8 Gy eine höhere und damit biologisch effektivere Strahlendosis.
Diagnosis and Treatment Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Register Number 015-085, February 2019) – Part 2, Hemostaseology, Andrology, Genetics and History of Malignant Disease
Authors: Toth Bettina , Baston-Büst Dunja Maria , Behre Hermann M. , Bielfeld Alexandra , Bohlmann Michael , Bühling Kai , Dittrich Ralf , Goeckenjan Maren , Hancke Katharina , Kliesch Sabine , Köhn Frank-Michael , Krüssel Jan , Kuon Ruben , Liebenthron Jana , Nawroth Frank , Nordhoff Verena , Pinggera Germar-Michael , Rogenhofer Nina , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Schüring Andreas , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin , Strowitzki Thomas , Tüttelmann Frank , Vomstein Kilian , Wildt Ludwig , Wischmann Tewes , Wunder Dorothea , Zschocke Johannes
Published: January 2020

Introduction Supporting and counselling couples with fertility issues prior to starting ART is a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The first German-language interdisciplinary S2k guideline on “Diagnosis and Therapy Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments (ART)” was published in February 2019. The guideline was developed in the context of the guidelines program of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) in cooperation with the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG) and the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG).

Aim In one third of cases, the cause of involuntary childlessness remains unclear, even if the woman or man have numerous possible risk factors. Because the topic is still very much taboo, couples may be socially isolated and often only present quite late to a fertility center. There is no standard treatment concept for these patients at present, as there are currently no standard multidisciplinary procedures for the diagnostic workup and treatment of infertility. The aim of this guideline is to provide physicians with evidence-based recommendations for counselling, diagnosis and treatment.

Methods This S2k guideline was developed on behalf of the Guidelines Commission of the DGGG by representative members from different professional medical organizations and societies using a structured consensus process.

Recommendations This second part of the guideline describes the hematological workup for women as well as additional diagnostic procedures which can be used to investigate couples and which are carried out in cooperation with physicians working in other medical fields such as andrologists, geneticists and oncologists.
Werden besonders Patienten mit einer Persönlichkeitsstörung vom Borderline-Typ durch das psychiatrische Pflegepersonal stigmatisiert?
Authors: Breneise Regine , Schäfer Marvin , Schomerus Georg , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Thiel Carolin , Luck-Sikorski Claudia
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie Einstellungen des psychiatrischen Pflegepersonals zu Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) oder Depression.

Methode Pflegekräfte mehrerer Stationen (N = 37) erhielten randomisierte Fragebögen mit Fallvignetten (BPS oder Depression), um Einstellungen, soziale Distanz und emotionale Reaktionen zu vergleichen.

Ergebnisse Patienten mit BPS werden im Vergleich zu depressiven Patienten stärker abgewertet und negativer beurteilt.

Schlussfolgerung Für Patienten mit einer BPS besteht ein erheblicher Unterstützungsbedarf, aus diesem Grund sollte der Fokus auf einen professionellen Umgang gelegt werden.
Arthroseprävention und mögliche zukünftige Ansätze der Arthrosetherapie – Sicht der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Rackwitz Lars , Pullig Oliver , Nöth Ulrich
Published: January 2020

Die Arthrose wird heute als eine biomechanische und inflammatorische Organerkrankung angesehen. Biomechanisch stehen die angeborenen und erworbenen präarthrotischen Gelenkerkrankungen im Fokus der Erkrankung. Weiterentwicklungen etablierter operativer Verfahren sowie neue entwickelte Techniken haben insbesondere in der Hüft- und Kniegelenkchirurgie dazu beigetragen dem Patienten bessere präventive Therapieoptionen anbieten zu können. Bezüglich der inflammatorischen Komponente hat sich in der letzten Dekade das Feld der regenerativen Therapien mit neuen therapeutischen Ansätzen entwickelt. Die intraartikuläre Applikation von thrombozytenreichen Plasma, Konzentraten aus Knochenmark-/Fettgewebe und ex vivo expandierten mesenchymalen Stammzellen haben erste viel versprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt. Allerdings fehlen bisher aussagekräftige prospektiv-randomisierte klinische Studien. In dieser Arbeit sollen die neuesten Therapieansätze bzgl. der biomechanischen und inflammatorischen Komponenten der Arthrose aus orthopädisch–unfallchirurgischer Sicht dargestellt und diskutiert werden. Desweitern werden neue Ergebnisse etablierter Behandlungsverfahren, wie die Applikation von Chondroprotektiva und Innovationen in der Endoprothetik beleuchtet.
Malignes Melanom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: January 2020

Die komplette chirurgische Resektion ist das erste Ziel bei malignen Melanomen im Stadium IIIB und IIIC. 40–78 % der Patienten überleben 5 Jahre. Wenn postoperativ eine adjuvante Behandlung geplant ist, sollte vorher das Staging kurzfristig wiederholt werden: In der niederländischen Studie hatte etwa jeder 5. Patient ein Frührezidiv.
Terminservicestellen-Vermittlung an Kliniken
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: January 2020

Wissen Sie, was zu tun ist, wenn die Terminservicestelle (TSS) sich meldet und einen Termin für ambulante Behandlung eines Kassenpatienten vereinbaren möchte? Bisher spielt dies kaum eine Rolle im Klinikalltag. Dies liegt im Wesentlichen wohl daran, dass vielen Ärzten und auch Patienten der Weg über die TSS noch nicht hinreichend bekannt ist. Da sich das ändern kann, sollte man zumindest vorbereitet sein und die Rahmenbedingungen kennen.
A New Synthesis of l-Hydroxypipecolic Acid
Authors: Sun Zhihua , Zhang Zedong
Published: January 2020

A new synthetic approach toward l-hydroxypipecolic acid is described. This reaction sequence involves eight steps overall, starting from commercially available and inexpensive l-glyceraldehyde acetal. The strategy makes use of readily available reagents and can be used as a preparative synthesis of l-hydroxypipecolic acid. Most of the reaction steps proceed with moderate-to-good yields and do not require any unusual or expensive reagents.
3,3′-Bithiophene-Based Chiral Bisphosphine Oxides as Organocatalysts in Silicon-Derived Lewis Acid Mediated Reactions
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Benincori Tiziana , Raimondi Laura Maria , Benaglia Maurizio
Published: January 2020

This account summarizes the development of new biheteroaromatic chiral bisphosphine oxides. 3,3′-Bithiophene-based phosphine oxides (BITIOPOs) have been successfully used as organocatalysts to promote Lewis base catalyzed, Lewis acid mediated stereoselective transformations. These highly electron-rich compounds, in combination with trichorosilyl derivatives (allyltrichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride), generate hypervalent silicon species that act as chiral Lewis acids in highly diastereo- and enantioselective organic reactions. Several relevant examples related to these applications are discussed in detail.

1 Introduction

2 The BITIOPO Family

3 Enantioselective Opening of Epoxides

4 Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes

5 Stereoselective Direct (Double) Aldol-Type Reaction with Ketones

6 Stereoselective Direct Aldol-Type Reaction with Ester Derivatives

7 Conclusions
Diagnostic Modalities in Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Feingold Daniel L. , Pappou Emmanouil P. , Lee-Kong Steven A.
Published: January 2020

A variety of diagnostic modalities is available to assist in the evaluation of patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This article reviews some older technologies like colonoscopy, nuclear scintigraphy, and conventional angiography and will also review the newest additions to the lower GI bleeding diagnostic toolbox, which are video capsule endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) angiography. The management algorithm used at a given institution depends on the available expertise and resources.
Classical but Not Rap Music Significantly Improves Transferability and Long-Term Acquisition of Laparoscopic Suturing Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mietzsch Stefan , Bergholz Robert , Boettcher Johannes , Klippgen Lea , Wenskus Julia , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael
Published: January 2020

Introduction Acoustic distractions have been shown to increase the level of stress and workload in the operating room (OR). Noise significantly reduces surgical performance, but experienced surgeons are able to reduce the acoustic perception of their surroundings to maintain a high level of performance in complex surgical tasks. However, music has been shown to improve learning and performance of complex motor skills. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of music on transferability and long-term acquisition of laparoscopic suturing skills.

Materials and Methods To evaluate the effects of music on training, subjects were asked to perform four surgeon's square knots on a bowel model within 30 minutes—prior and post 3 hours of hands-on training. To examine long-term skills, the same students were asked to perform a comparable, but more complex, task (four slip knots in a model of esophageal atresia) 6 months post initial training, as a follow-up measurement. Total time, knot stability (evaluated via tensiometer), suture accuracy, knot quality (Muresan scale), and laparoscopic performance (Munz checklist) were assessed.

Results Twenty-four students were included in the study; after simple randomization, 16 were trained while exposed to music (eight to Bach and eight to Bushido) and eight with traditional methods. Seven were lost due to follow-up. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics and significantly improved after training, in all parameters assessed in this study. Subjects that trained with classical music were superior in terms of speed (p = 0.006), knot quality (p = 0.014), and procedural performance (p = 0.034) compared with controls.

Conclusion Music during acquisition of complex motor skills, like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying, is superior to traditional training. Especially music considered nondisturbing significantly improved speed, knot quality, and performance. Thus, incorporation of pleasant music into surgical skills training and the OR should be considered.
The Matrisome, Inflammation, and Liver Disease
Authors: Dolin Christine E. , Arteel Gavin E.
Published: January 2020

Chronic fatty liver disease is common worldwide. This disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of chronic liver disease is primarily characterized by robust accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagens) that ultimately impairs the function of the organ. The role of the ECM in early stages of chronic liver disease is less well-understood, but recent research has demonstrated that several changes in the hepatic ECM in prefibrotic liver disease are not only present but may also contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed changes to the hepatic ECM that may contribute to inflammation during earlier stages of disease development, and to discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes may mediate the progression of the disease.
Neonatal Outcomes of Triplet Pregnancies Conceived via In Vitro Fertilization versus Other Methods of Conception
Authors: Badreldin Nevert , Peress Danielle A. , Yee Lynn M. , Battarbee Ashley N.
Published: January 2020

Objective This study aims to investigate neonatal outcomes of triplet gestations conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) compared with those not conceived by IVF.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered a triplet gestation ≥24 weeks at a large academic center (2005–2016). Women with unknown mode of conception were excluded. Women who conceived via IVF were compared with those conceiving spontaneously or through non-IVF fertility treatments. The primary outcome was a composite severe neonatal morbidity (respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, neonatal sepsis, or death). Bivariate comparisons were made by mode of conception and unadjusted generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) after accounting for the clustering of neonate by mother.

Results Among 82 women included in this analysis, 51 (62%) conceived via IVF. Women who conceived via IVF were older (35.2 vs. 30.7, p < 0.001) and more likely to be of non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity (91.8 vs. 70.0%, p < 0.01) and married (100 vs. 90.0%, p = 0.02) when compared with women who did not conceive via IVF. Although women who conceived via IVF delivered at an earlier gestational age than those who did not (32.9 ± 3.0 vs. 33.7 ± 2.6 weeks, p = 0.02), there was no significant difference in composite neonatal morbidity (34.0 vs. 28.0%, p = 0.32; OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.60–2.91). Additionally, there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to other neonatal outcomes examined, including fetal growth restriction, birthweight, umbilical artery pH <7, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, duration in the NICU, need for mechanical ventilation, or duration of mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion Neonatal outcomes among triplet gestations did not differ by IVF in this well-characterized, single-center cohort.
Diffusion phenomena in a mixed phase space
Authors: Palmero Matheus S. , Díaz Gabriel I. , McClintock Peter V. E. , Leonel Edson D.
Published: January 2020

We show that, in strongly chaotic dynamical systems, the average particle velocity can be calculated analytically by consideration of Brownian dynamics in a phase space, the method of images, and the use of the classical diffusion equation. The method is demonstrated on the simplified Fermi-Ulam accelerator model, which has a mixed phase space with chaotic seas, invariant tori, and Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser islands. The calculated average velocities agree well with numerical simulations and with an earlier empirical theory.
Epitaxial quantum dot lasers on silicon with high thermal stability and strong resistance to optical feedback
Authors: Huang H. , Duan J. , Dong B. , Norman J. , Jung D. , Bowers J. E. , Grillot F.
Published: January 2020

This work investigates the performance of 1.3-μm quantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon under optical feedback sensitivity with different temperature and doping profiles. Experiments show that these quantum dot lasers exhibit a very high degree of resistance to both incoherent and coherent optical feedbacks. 10 Gbps penalty-free transmissions are also unveiled under external modulation and at different temperatures. The paper draws attention on quantum dot lasers with p-doping that exhibit a better thermal resistance, a lower linewidth enhancement factor, a higher critical feedback level, and a better spectral stability with less intensity noise. Together, these properties make epitaxial quantum dot lasers with p-doping more promising for isolator-free and Peltier-free applications, which are meaningful for future high-speed photonic integrated circuits.
All solid-state electromagnetic pulse simulator based on the 4H-SiC photoconductive semiconductor switch
Authors: Luan Chongbiao , Zhao Juan , Xiao Longfei , Yang Qingxi , Ma Xun , Li Hongtao
Published: January 2020

To study the damage and protection mechanism of an electromagnetic pulse to an electronic system, an all solid-state high-voltage pulse power with photoconductive semiconductor switch is developed, which is a component of the bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator. The output peak voltage of the prepared all solid-state pulsed power source was 74.5 kV, the risetime was 2.05 ns, and the pulse width was 22 ns. In addition, the peak voltage of the output pulse of the all solid-state pulsed power source could be regulated. The all solid-state electromagnetic pulse simulator developed in this work can generate an electromagnetic environment with a risetime of 2.2 ns and a pulse width of 23.5 ns.