bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN PROTEIN LATEKS HEVEA BRASILIENSIS SEBAGAI PENGENDALI PENYAKIT TANAMAN
Authors: Tistama Radite , Minati Widya , Darojat Muhammad Rizqi , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani
Published: March 2017

Serum lateks tanaman karet mengandung berbagai jenis protein yang berkaitan dengan protein pertahanan terhadap patogen. Pemanfaatan protein-protein lateks tersebut sebagai produk pengendali jamur patogen masih terkendala oleh metode isolasi protein serum lateks yang memerlukan peralatan dan biaya yang mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan metode isolasi protein lateks yang lebih sederhana dan menguji daya hambat protein-protein lateks tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan beberapa spesies jamur patogen pada tanaman pangan dan perkebunan. Pemisahan serum tertinggi diperoleh dari lateks yang dikoagulasikan dengan 37,5 ml 5% asam format tiap 1 liter latex. Aseton, amonium sulfat dan Trichloric Acid (TCA) cukup efektif mempresipitasikan protein-protein di dalam serum lateks. Aseton dan amonium sulfat mempresipitasi protein masing-masing sebanyak 7,78 mg ml-1 dan 9,2 mg ml-1serum, dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan TCA yaitu 5,56 mg ml-1 serum. Aktivitas enzimatik superoksid dismutase (SDO) protein hasil presipitasi dengan aseton dan amonium sulfat lebih tinggi dibandingkan  protein hasil presipitasi dengan TCA, meskipun aktivitas SOD spesifik masing-masing perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata. Protein lateks memiliki daya hambat in vitro yang luas terhadap spesies jamur patogen yaitu 13,70% hingga 33,18% terhadap kontrol. Fusarium oxysforum, Collectrotichum capsici dan Rigodoporus microporus merupakan jamur patogen yang peka terhadap aktivitas protein-protein lateks.
Dynamics of the density of lawn grass and herbage on loamy and sandy soils
Authors: Poddubsky A A , Lazareva T S , Mazayskiy Yu A , Piven E A
Published: March 2017

Conducted research on the dynamics of the density of single-species and mixed grass crops on sod-podzolic soils of the Ryazan region. The estimation of the density of turf grass stands in the years 2012-2014 studies found that the highest density had a single-species crops: Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue, bent grass selenobrachys, and among mixed crops - a three-component grass mixture (red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, bent grass selenobrachys) and four-component mixture (selenobrachys bent grass, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue). The lowest density of planting was installed at the perennial ryegrass in the second and third years and three-component grass mixture (red fescue, sheep's fescue, perennial ryegrass) in the third year of life of grass. The trend of higher density turf grass stands revealed in experiment 1 for loamy soils compared to sandy loam.
Improving of veterinary and sanitary control of milk from large dairy processing companies
Authors: Seregin I G , Nikitchenko D V , Korolyova L G , Snoz G V
Published: March 2017

The article presents the results of comparative studies of quality and safety of milk by test-kits and instrumentation control, enabling the identification of timely and effective in collecting content mastitis in raw milk and the presence of antibiotics, as well as its contamination by microorganisms. The test was established on a large dairy company “Danone industry” and revealed the contents of mastitis in milk 2,72-5,96%, the presence of antibiotics - to 12,39-17,48% and increased contamination by microorganisms in 12,50% of the investigated parties. In the study of the milk by test systems and devices produced results that correspond to those of conventional methods. The use of raw milk monitoring express methods when applying for processing reduces the time of production of veterinary and sanitary control and discard the parties of raw milk which do not meet the requirements of regulatory documents.
Esquema nacional de desarrollo económico y la educación para el trabajo
Authors: Muñoz Varela Luis
Published: March 2017

El presente ensayo tiene como finalidad mostrar un análisis de caracterización general acerca del actual esquema nacional de desarrollo económico en Costa Rica, en relación con la centralidad de la educación para el trabajo, adoptada en la educación costarricense durante el último cuarto de siglo. El ensayo se basa en la revisión de documentos de política pública e informes, publicados por el Gobierno de Costa Rica y por el Programa Estado de la Nación (PEN). La imbricación y la correspondencia que presenta la centralidad de la educación para el trabajo definen la línea argumentativa que vertebra el texto, respecto de un esquema nacional de desarrollo económico fundamentado en la “economía hacia afuera” y en la atracción de inversión extranjera directa (IED).
Salud sexual y factores de riesgo: aportes etnográficos de jóvenes del Caribe sur costarricense
Authors: López Ruiz Mauricio
Published: March 2017

El artículo resume notas de campo y entrevistas a profundidad realizadas a jóvenes de la comunidad turística de Puerto Viejo, en el Caribe Sur costarricense, sobre el tema de salud sexual y riesgo. Se argumenta que sus visiones acerca del cuerpo, de la intimidad y de la persona extranjera, además de ser fundamentales al distinguir las previsiones que deben tener en sus relaciones sexuales, se encuentran enraizadas en distinciones de clase, de género y de raza. A partir de sus valoraciones en cuanto al uso del condón masculino, se ejemplifica cómo el empleo de técnicas de investigación cualitativas puede ofrecer insumos al debate tradicional sobre factores de riesgo desarrollado en el campo de la salud pública.
APUNTES DE COYUNTURA: El Proyecto Histórico Neoliberal en Costa Rica (1984-2015): Devenir histórico y crisis
Authors: Vargas Solís Luis Paulino
Published: March 2017

Se caracteriza el Proyecto Histórico Neoliberal (PHN) en Costa Rica, vigente durante el período 1984-2015, mediante la identificación sintética de las bases teóricas e ideológicas en que se sustenta y las condiciones bajo las cuales se gestó, y se le periodiza, identificando tres etapas a lo largo de su devenir durante estas tres décadas. Se argumenta que en la etapa más reciente, las fuerzas financieras han devenido dominantes, lo que, a su vez, ha propiciado la profundización de los desequilibrios y asimetrías, configurando una situación de agotamiento
Revista Rupturas Volumen 1 Número 1 Completo
Authors: Rupturas Revista
Published: March 2017

Nota Editorial Para el Centro de Investigación en Cultura y Desarrollo (CICDE) es un honor y una gran satisfacción la presentación del primer número de nuestra revista digital Rupturas. Hemos conceptuado esta revista como un espacio académico en el cual concurran los aportes de la investigación y la reflexión que se interrogan e indagan acerca de los grandes problemas asociados a los procesos de cambio sociocultural, económico y político que viven las sociedades contemporáneas, en particular la costarricense y las de los países centroamericanos, pero no solamente estas. Ello responde, asimismo, a los énfasis de trabajo del CICDE, como una unidad cuyo esfuerzo investigativo intenta brindar luz sobre aquellas situaciones de cambio que, por traumatizantes o incomprensibles, generan perplejidad o angustia. Queremos aportar un rayo de luz alrededor de tales procesos y, a partir de ahí, generar propuestas y animar procesos de diálogo a través de los cuales hacer que la investigación académica encuentre cauces para su democratización y difusión, y su mejor aprovechamiento en espacios sociales amplios.
La mirada mediática hacia “Tierra Dominicana”: una aproximación desde el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD)
Authors: Bustos Mora Giselle
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo se ocupa de ilustrar de modo exploratorio algunas formas discursivas que develan el poder ejercido en el discurso periodístico relativo a un sector de la ciudad de San José, conocido como “Tierra Dominicana”, y que da cuenta de la criminalización y racialización de este espacio y sus residentes extranjeros. ABSTRACT This work illustrates, through the use of Critical Discourse Analysis tools, how power is exercised by journalistic discourse on a sector of the city of San Jose known as "Dominican Land” as a way to account for the criminalization and racialization of this space and its foreign residents.
El papel de las Comisiones Plenas en la dinámica legislativa en Costa Rica (1998-2010)
Authors: Díaz González José Andrés
Published: March 2017

El presente texto pretende aportar en la comprensión de la dinámica de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica, por medio del estudio del rol de las Comisiones Plenas en la probación de leyes entre 1998 y 2010. Analizando la distribución y los cambios de las relaciones de poder provocadas por el transfuguismo parlamentario, se busca determinar los diferentes escenarios presentes en las Comisiones Plenas durante el periodo de estudio y su impacto en el proceso de toma de decisiones en la Asamblea Legislativa.
Los dueños de la palabra en Costa Rica en un contexto de reforma neoliberal
Authors: Robles Rivera Francisco , Voorend Koen
Published: March 2017

A partir de los 80s, en la región centroamericana inicia un proceso de profundo cambio socio-económico, que tuvo efectos en muchas dimensiones de la vida. De la mano de estos cambios, los grupos de poder económico costarricenses se diversificaron y transnacionalizaron, modificando significativamente su lógica de operacionalización, en la cual los medios de comunicación tradicionales y masivos tienen un importante papel. Con esto, se muestran cuestionamientos en torno al poder de los medios de infocomunicación; junto a un importante vacío académico al respecto. Este artículo problematiza los grupos de poder en función de sus intereses en los medios de comunicación, e intenta abrir nuevas líneas de investigación sobre los vínculos entre la comunicación y el “nuevo” modelo económico en el contexto de la globalización neoliberal.
El fenómeno del cambio climático: un análisis crítico desde la perspectiva de la Economía Ecológica
Authors: Jiménez Gómez Roberto
Published: March 2017

Este es un análisis crítico y comparativo entre la Economía Ambiental y la Economía Ecológica, para luego establecer las implicaciones sobre los instrumentos de política a fin enfrentar el fenómeno del cambio climático. A partir de la comparación se analizan algunos instrumentos empleados por la Economía Ambiental para la toma de decisiones, que dadas las particularidades de los problemas ambientales y las limitaciones del pensamiento neoclásico en el campo económico no brinda los resultados deseados. Desde la Economía Ecológica se hacen planteamientos de cómo deben tomarse decisiones en el campo económico, lo cual pasa en gran medida por un retorno a la consideración del mundo físico y no concentrarse en el intercambio.
De los movimientos a la acción política: mujeres organizadas en los comités patrióticos de Costa Rica en la lucha contra el Tratado de Libre Comercio
Authors: Morales Bonilla Roxana
Published: March 2017

En este artículo se presenta parte de los resultados de la investigación Los movimientos socioculturales contemporáneos de mujeres en Costa Rica. Siglo XXI, realizada en el Centro de Investigaciones en Cultura y Desarrollo (CICDE), entre 2009 y 2011. Al interior de los comités patrióticos, organizaciones politizadas surgidas en Costa Rica en oposición al neoliberalismo, las mujeres cumplen un papel protagónico en la lucha por la vigencia del estado social. En este artículo se considera que el fenómeno de la globalización tiene implicaciones y cambios significativos sobre las relaciones de género. Destacan en estos cambios los procesos de exclusión y desigualdad, acentuados en las condiciones de vida de las mujeres. Como conclusión, se destaca la presencia de nuevas voces de mujeres en estos grupos mixtos, y de recientes proyectos colectivos que denuncian injusticias sociales económicas, políticas y de género.
Óscar Wilde y Reinaldo Arenas. Enigmas de pasión
Authors: Quesada Monge Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

Este no es en realidad un ensayo sobre literatura comparada. Utilizando como excusa el arte del escritor irlandés Oscar Wilde y el del cubano Reinaldo Arenas, intentamos proponer algunas ideas y análisis sobre la libertad y el impacto que han tenido sus creaciones sobre el medio social. El artículo aspira a demostrar cómo los esquemas sociales, políticos e ideológicos están estrechamente relacionados con nuestra noción de libertad en la sociedad contemporánea. La Poesía y la Libertad, la Poesía y la Existencia son algunos de los temas abordados en un trabajo que ya es parte de un texto mayor, en el cual se intenta también establecer posibles relaciones entre la escritora brasileña Clarice Lispector y la inglesa Virginia Woolf.
Aportes para una caracterización aproximativa de experiencias de economía solidaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Gatica López Gustavo
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo recoge los principales hallazgos de investigación acerca de las características de un grupo de experiencias organizativas que producen, intercambian y distribuyen sus utilidades, desde la perspectiva de la economía solidaria en Costa Rica. Asimismo, incorpora información de organizaciones que acompañan a estos emprendimientos. Se señala que tales experiencias se convierten en alternativas que contribuyen, desde lo local, a construir respuestas a un sistema económico interesado en la maximización de los recursos, aunque ello tenga altos costos sociales y ambientales.
¿Es Internet la próxima imprenta? Elementos para abordar el proceso sociocultural de Internet
Authors: Vega Chin Rebeca
Published: March 2017

El ensayo resulta de un análisis de diversos autores para apoyar la investigación El proceso sociocultural de Internet en las personas no especializadas (PNE): el apoyo en las rutinas cotidianas. Internet es usado de manera diferente de acuerdo con la forma en que apoya las rutinas cotidianas de las personas. Los conceptos abordados por los autores permiten deconstruir el proceso sociocultural de Internet para analizarlo. Los cambios que traen los medios digitales permiten compararlos con los efectos causados por el desarrollo de la imprenta. ABSTRACT This essay results from the analysis of diverse authors to support the dissertation Internet’s Socio-Cultural Process on Non-Specialized Persons (NSP): The Support of Daily Routines. Internet is used differently according to how it supports people’s daily routines. The concepts developed by the authors allow the deconstruction of Internet’s socio-cultural process in order to analyze it. The changes caused by digital media may be compared with the consequences brought by the development of the printing press.
Autoridad y participación comunitaria, un ejercicio de reflexión desde las representaciones sociales
Authors: Brambila López Leticia
Published: March 2017

El presente artículo forma parte de los resultados de una investigación de carácter ambiental. Refleja las representaciones sociales de los habitantes del pueblo La Primavera, Zapopan, México, lugar que cuenta con un entorno natural privilegiado. El análisis versa sobre las representaciones del ejercicio de la función pública desarrolladas por las autoridades y su influencia en las actitudes participativas de la población. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo que a través de la etnografía da cuenta de los procesos de vida de una comunidad desde el ámbito cotidiano. El objetivo es proveer los elementos para orientar una intervención de carácter formativa, para el desarrollo de la ciudadanía en favor de la comunidad y el bosque La Primavera.
Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social: variables internas que perpetúan la crisis
Authors: Badilla Solano Andrey , Díaz González Pablo
Published: March 2017

En el presente artículo, se aborda la actual crisis en la cual se ve inmersa la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS). Se comienza por un breve recorrido desde que se creó la institución, y su evolución con el tiempo, para luego dar cuenta de los diversos informes y estudios que ponen en evidencia su panorama actual. Hecho esto, se señalan las variables que operan en su interior y que han sido identificadas como partícipes de la crisis -tanto en la generación como el mantenimiento de la misma-, a saber: los problemas relacionados con la liquidez del Seguro de Salud (SEM), la falta de rentabilidad del Régimen de Invalidez Vejez y Muerte (RIVM), los privilegios laborales ostentados por algunos funcionarios, y las decisiones de la alta gerencia de la institución.
Revista Rupturas Volumen 4 Número 1
Authors: Rupturas Revista
Published: March 2017

Revista Rupturas Volumen 4 Número 1
Revisitando las ONG como objeto de estudio: consideraciones para una aproximación crítica inicial
Authors: Guevara Meza Alex
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo se propone evidenciar la relevancia de retomar la reflexión en torno al tema de las ONG, desde la agenda de investigación académica de las ciencias sociales costarricenses. En el primer apartado se expone una serie de elementos que justifican su importancia, realizando para ello una aproximación cuantitativa al fenómeno llamado “oenegeísmo”; asimismo, se realiza un primer acercamiento al estado del arte generalizado sobre el tema, deteniéndonos brevemente en los referentes costarricenses que se identifican en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En un segundo apartado se realiza un reconocimiento de los principales debates y discusiones que prevalecen, aprovechando también para problematizar algunas de las referencias históricas a las que tradicionalmente se hace alusión en la mayor parte de la bibliografía. En el último apartado se ensaya una definición amplia, crítica y plural de la noción de “ONG”; aunado a lo cual se pasa revista (y se intenta ponderar) a las principales tendencias de clasificación y tipificación que se conocen a lo interno del universo de las ONG.
Crítica feminista al concepto “nini” (Ni trabaja ni estudia)
Authors: Chaves Jiménez Rocío , Fernández Fernádez Ana Lucía
Published: March 2017

Se realiza una crítica desde corrientes feministas al concepto “nini” (ni trabaja ni estudia) a partir de los resultados obtenidos en la Primera encuesta sobre uso del tiempo en la gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica realizada en el 2011. El propósito es utilizar el indicador del tiempo para evidenciar brechas y desigualdades de género en la distribución, uso, intercambio y valor del tiempo en la organización de la vida cotidiana de la población de 12 a 35 años que reportó no trabajar ni estudiar.
Anatomical and micro-morphological analysis of the fruit and vegetative organs of Inula oculus-christi L. in the Pannonian part of Serbia
Authors: Karanovic Dunja , Zoric Lana , Peric Ranko , Lazarevic Jelena , Lukovic Jadranka
Published: March 2017

Inula oculus-christi L. is a perennial plant, 20-60 cm high, growing in
south-east Europe, central and southern Russia and some parts of Asia. It
belongs to Pontic-Pannonian floristic element. In Pannonian part of Serbia
this species is extremely rare, with very few recently confirmed literature
and herbarium data. According to the field data for the period from 2013 to
2015, only one population of this species was recorded in Pannonian part of
Serbia, on the site of Rimski Sanac, which is threatened by anthropogenic
activities. Furthermore, anatomical and micro-morphological features of I.
oculus-christi have not been documented so far. Therefore, in order to get
better knowledge of the biology this species, as well as on the basis of the
abovementioned, its anatomical and micro-morphological characteristics were
investigated. Cross sections of the leaf, stem, rhizome and fruit were
obtained using cryotechnique procedure by Leica CM 1850 cryostat. Using a
light microscopy, detailed descriptions of anatomical characteristics of the
analysed organs were given. The scanning electron microscopy revealed
specific qualitative features of leaf and fruit that characterize the
species. Obtained data may be useful in determination of this species and
represent the valuable contribution to its micro-morphological and anatomical
differentiation from other congeneric and related species.
The digital database of aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation in Serbia
Authors: Cvijanovic Dusanka , Zivkovic Milica , Novkovic Maja , Andjelkovic Ana , Radulovic Snezana , Lakusic Dmitar
Published: March 2017

Despite the absence of a centralized national phytocoenological database of
Serbia, over 16,000 relev?s of all vegetation types have been gathered and
stored in the database ?Phytocoenosis of Serbia? as a result of the Project
?Habitats of Serbia?. However, as the data on aquatic and semiaquatic
vegetation comprise only 5% of the collected relev?s, the aim of this paper
is to expand on this, complete the database and present the data on these
vegetation types in Serbia. The work included the expansion of the existing
database with the addition of relevant sources, their digitalization, using
Flora and Turboveg programs, and their subsequent georeferencing, using
OziExplorer and DIVAGIS softwares. Consequently, the phytocoenological
database on aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation in Serbia now stores 1,720
relev?s from 243 phytocoenological tables, collected and published by 24
authors during the period of 70 years (1940-2010), with the majority of the
relev?s collected over the last decade (56.40%). Phragmito-Magno-Caricetea
Klika in Klika et Nov?k 1941 (Syn: Phragmitetea communis R. Tx. et Prsg.
1942), Potametea Klika in Klika et Nov?k 1941 (Syn: Potametea R. Tx. et
Preising 1942) and Lemnetea de Bol?s et Masclans 1955 (Syn: Lemnetea minoris
W. Koch et R. Tx. 1955) have proven to be the most represented classes, while
Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926 (nomen ambiguum) and Salvinio
natantis-Spirodeletum polyrrhizae Slavnic 1956 are associations with the
highest number of relev?s in the database. Accordingly, the most common
species (>500 relev?s) are Ceratophyllum demersum L. subsp. demersum, Lemna
minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden.
Antioxidant properties of Rubus discolor leaf extracts
Authors: Velickovic Ivona , Grujic Slavica , Marin Petar
Published: March 2017

In this work were examined aqueous, methanol, ethanol and acetone leaf
extracts of Rubus discolor, wild growing blackberry, for their antioxidant
properties and total phenol and flavonoid content. The total phenol content
(TPC) varried from 250.05 to 446.61 mg GAE/g of dry extract, while total
flavonoid content (TFC) was in range between 22.44 and 61.15 mg QE/g of dry
extract. Aqueous extracts were the richest in phenols, as well as in
flavonoids. In vitro antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts was evaluated by
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH),
2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical
scavenging procedures and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay.
Aqueous extracts were the most effective through all antioxidant tests. The
total phenol content highly correlated with antioxidant activity of extracts.
Moreover, weak correlation was established between total phenol and total
flavonoid content. The results presented in this work indicate that phenol
compounds contribute to antioxidant ability of extracts.
Hidrolisis Ampas Tebu dengan Katalisator Asam Asetat untuk Memproduksi Furfural menggunakan Metode Steam Stripping
Authors: Listiani Nita , Iryani Dewi Agustina , Rustamaji Heri
Published: March 2017

Proses hidrolisis ampas tebu menggunakan asam asetat sebagai katalis dengan metode satu tahap (steam stripping) telah dilakukan. Ampas tebu sebanyak 50 gram dihidrolisis dalam 500 ml akuades yang mengandung katalis asam asetat sebesar 2 - 6% dengan variabel waktu selama 1 - 3 jam dan temperatur hidrolisis 110 - 120oC menggunakan metode steam stripping. Metode konvensional dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu pemasakan dan pemisahan dalam waktu tinggal tertentu, sehingga dapat menyebabkan degradasi furfural. Selain itu, energi yang digunakan sangat besar karena ada energi yang terbuang saat pendinginan produk. Maka peneliti mengembangkan proses hidrolisis hemiselulosa menjadi furfural sekaligus juga proses pemisahan yang dilakukan secara serempak dalam satu tahap yaitu dengan menggunakan metode distilasi steam stripping. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat apakah metode steam stripping dengan menggunakan katalis asam asetat efektif untuk digunakan dalam memproduksi furfural. Dalam studi ini juga dipelajari pengaruh waktu hidrolisis, konsentrasi katalis, dan  temperatur terhadap konsentrasi furfural. Hasil uji menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh untuk perolehan furfural adalah konsentrasi katalis dan temperatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan optimum dengan perolehan konsentrasi furfural tertinggi (6,038 mg/ml) di peroleh pada waktu 3 jam, temperatur 120°C, dan konsentrasi katalis 6%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ini efektif untuk digunakan dalam produksi furfural.
Analisis Potensi Ledakan dan Kebakaran Primary Reformer sebagai Unit Proses Produksi Amonia di PT. X
Authors: Lestari Resti Ayu , Oginawati Katharina
Published: March 2017

Peningkatan industri pupuk di dunia berimplikasi pada peningkatan jumlah industri amonia. Amonia memegang peranan penting pada proses produksi pupuk dalam hal penyediaan nitrogen. Proses pembuatan amonia melibatkan bahan baku berupa gas alam yang bersifat flammable dengan temperatur dan tekanan yang tinggi dalam setiap tahapan prosesnya. Primary reformer merupakan salah satu peralatan proses dalam produksi amonia dengan temperatur dan tekanan paling tinggi serta paling berisiko mengalami kegagalan yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kebakaran/ledakan. Primary reformer berperan sebagai salah satu tahapan pemurnian gas alam dengan hasil berupa karbon monoksida. Identifikasi bahaya pada unit primary reformer dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Hasil analisis FTA menghasilkan bahwa sumber bahaya dari ledakan primary reformer dapat ditinjau dari faktor teknis dan faktor non teknis. Faktor non teknis menyumbang 74% dari penyebab terjadinya ledakan/kebakaran pada primary reformer. Hasil analisis risiko ledakan/kebakaran pada primary reformer dilakukan dengan menggunakan Dow’s Fire and Explosion Index  dengan hasil radius area dampak adalah 51 meter. Nilai kerugian finansial mencapai US$ 23.640.285 dengan kerugian hari kerja minimal adalah 138 hari. Perangkat lunak Arial Location of Hazardous Atmospheres menghasilkan radius ledakan dengan dampak terkecil yaitu dapat memecahkan kaca jendela/pintu (0,5 psi) adalah 73 m dari primary reformer. Radius ledakan dengan kekuatan ledakan 1 psi (meruntuhkan rumah/perkantoran) adalah 48 m dari primary reformer.
Sintesis Selulosa Asetat dari Limbah Batang Ubi Kayu
Authors: Lismeri Lia , Zari Poppy Meutia , Novarani Tika , Darni Yuli
Published: March 2017

Salah satu hasil pertanian terbesar di Indonesia adalah tanaman ubi kayu. Selama ini batang ubi kayu tersedia dalam jumlah yang cukup besar namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Batang ubi kayu memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yaitu selulosa 39,29%, hemiselulosa 24,34%, dan lignin 13,42%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah batang ubi kayu yang akan dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan selulosa asetat. Proses pembuatan selulosa asetat dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu tahap isolasi selulosa (proses pretreatment, delignifikasi, dan bleaching) dan tahap sintesis selulosa asetat. Pelarut yang digunakan pada proses pretreatment yaitu asam fosfat, asam asetat, dan asam klorida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larutan asam fosfat 3% menghasilkan densitas terkecil yaitu 0,833 g/mL yang menunjukan bahwa telah terjadinya swelling. Pada proses delignifikasi digunakan variasi waktu dan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut. Kadar selulosa terbesar yang diperoleh yaitu 56,92% dengan waktu pemasakan 2 jam dan rasio sampel terhadap pelarut 1:12 (v/v). Identifikasi gugus fungsi FTIR terhadap selulosa asetat menunjukkan adanya serapan gugus karbonil (C=O) dan gugus ester (C-O), masing-masing terlihat pada bilangan gelombang 1738,47 cm-1 dan 1224,39 cm-1. Kadar asetil selulosa asetat yang dihasilkan sebesar 41,01% dan termasuk jenis selulosa diasetat yang dapat dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut dalam pembuatan membran, film topografi, dan benang.
Le phénomène du masquage dans le signalement des événements« les plus graves » : biais influant sur les estim tions des taux d’incidence des blessures sportives chez les enfants canadiens
Authors: Gupta A. , Davison C. M. , McIsaac M. A.
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Les enquêtes sur la cueillette de données sur les blessures ciblent souvent
« l’événement le plus grave » dans le but de limiter les erreurs de mémoire et de réduire la
longueur des questionnaires. Cela risque cependant de masquer des blessures moins graves et
d’entraîner un biais dans les estimations des taux d’incidence de certaines sous-catégories de
traumatismes.

Méthodologie

Nous avons utilisé des données tirées de l’Enquête sur les comportements liés
à la santé des enfants d’âge scolaire (ECSEAS) et du Système canadien hospitalier
d’information et de recherche en prévention des traumatismes (SCHIRPT) pour comparer les
estimations des taux d’incidence des blessures sportives chez les enfants canadiens.

Résultats

D’après les données de l’ECSEAS, 6,7 % des enfants déclarent avoir subi une
blessure sportive ayant nécessité une consultation à un service des urgences. N’ont cependant
été recueillies que les données sur la blessure « la plus grave » subie par l’enfant, ce qui fait
qu’un enfant ayant subi de multiples blessures justifiant une consultation à un service des
urgences est susceptible d’avoir subi des blessures sportives passées sous silence.
La sous-estimation de ce taux de 6,7 % pourrait atteindre 4,3 %. D’après les données de
surveillance du SCHIRPT correspondantes, le taux d’incidence de ces blessures est de 9,9 %.
Nous mettons également en lumière dans notre analyse le biais potentiel de masquage lié aux
blessures traitées par d’autres prestataires de soins de santé.

Conclusion

Poser une question sur « la blessure la plus grave » risque d’induire un biais de
masquage considérable du taux d’incidence des blessures sportives, limitant ainsi la capacité
des chercheurs à estimer l’ampleur réelle du phénomène. Des périodes de rappel plus longues
entraînent inévitablement un phénomène de masquage plus important. La conception des
enquêtes à venir devrait tenir compte de ces réalités. Si l’on veut faciliter une prise de
décisions éclairées et orienter correctement les futures recherches, il faut que les chercheurs
soient conscients de ces limitations.
REVIEW: Delving into the complexity of NZ documentary
Authors: Davis Catherine
Published: March 2017

Review of: Observations: Studies in New Zealand documentary, by Russell Campbell. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2011, 260 pp. ISBN 978-0864736567Russell CampbellL, author of Observations: Studies in New Zealand Documentary has been described as a ‘partisan reporter’, the book as a ‘series of dispatches from the front’. Aligning the author on a series of borders between intellectual and practical, the book has been divided into three appropriate sections; Workers and Stirrers, State of the Nation and Kiwi Culture that support the author’s commitment to the latter. Woven in, topics such as industrial unrest, feminist movements and Māori resurgence capture a sense of the contested versions of New Zealand depicted in these documentaries.
Peran Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Peningkatan Mutu Sekolah (Studi di SMK Bhakti Anindya, SMKN 8 dan SMK Tiara Aksara Kota Tangerang Banten)
Authors: Fauzi Anis , Sulastri Siti
Published: March 2017

The primary issue in this study is how the level of professionalism of teachers of Islamic education in improving the quality of school at SMK (vocational high school) Bhakti Anindya, SMKN 8, and SMK Tiara Angkasa of Tangerang is. This study aims to find the level of professionalism of teachers of Islamic education of SMK Bhakti Anindya, SMKN 8, and SMK Tiara Angkasa of Tangerang in overcoming barriers to school’s quality. The purpose of this study is to know the importance of Islamic Education Teacher’s Professionalism in improving the quality of learning. This study employs a combination of design/model of sequential exploratory, with its main steps: In the first stage, the study conducts a qualitative method to determine the setting of study that has problem. In the second stage, this study employs quantitative methods to test the hypothesis obtained in the first stage. The population of this study is 150 students with a 5% error, so the number of the sample is 105 students. The sampling collection is conducted by using proportional random sampling. The instrument of this study is collected through questionnaires that are arranged according to the Likert scale model. The results reveal that there are positive contributions from the Professionalism of Teacher of Islamic Education to the quality of the school. This is shown by the determination coefficient of 44.89%, which provide simple information that 44.89% of school quality is determined by the Islamic Education Teacher’s Professionalism. Thus it can be concluded that the higher the professionalism of teachers of Islamic education, the higher the quality of schools.
PERKEMBANGAN SOSIOEMOSIONAL ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sapendi Sapendi
Published: March 2017

Understanding child development is crucial, especially for parents and teachers. With a good understanding, parents and teachers can properly treat a child. While many authors give attention to child’s development of cognition and mental intelligence, this paper focuses on child’s development of social intelligence known as socio-emotional development. The author presents academic explanations of these themes based on three theoretical perspective i.e., Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, Erik Erikson’s theory and Bandura’s theory. Based on the theoretical study, the author concludes that emotional intelligence is a skill that is formed (constructed) by external factors such as parents, teachers and the environment. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate strategy in interfering with socio-emotional development of children, so they can adapt to and act appropriately in their social environment.
THE ESSENCE OF QUESTIONING AND EXPLICIT READING INSTRUCTION STRATEGY
Authors: Muzammil Sa’dulloh
Published: March 2017

Teacher’s questioning may function to assist students comprehend more reading materials and

to enable them to be proficient readers. Yet, the students may be less benefited from which if

the teacher neither provides sufficient explicit reading strategy nor involves higher-level

questions. Consequently, the teacher should pay more careful attentions as follows: 1) teacher

should involve both lower- and high-lever questions; 2) teacher should provide students with

explicit reading strategy; 3) teacher should be aware of the activities in reading phases: pre-,

during-, and post-reading.
PENGARUS UTAMAAN PENDIDIKAN DAMAI (PEACEFUL EDUCATION) DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (Solusi Alternatif Upaya Deradikalisasi Pandangan Agama)
Authors: Hendry Eka
Published: March 2017

One of the issues facing the contemporary world society is the increasing escalation of violence (including radicalism under the pretext of religion). At least, we can remember the events closest to the writing of this article i.e. bomb attacks in France and in Thamrin Jakarta. This phenomenon signifies that radicalism is continuing to grow and becoming a threat to modern society. It also has affected all parties in some way, and therefore all should take part in preventing such violent acts from occurring in the future. Among the institutions that have a role in suppressing radicalism under the name of religion is an educational institution, especially religious educational institutions. Ironically, the institution itself is still facing serious problems, including the issue of peace which has yet to be a mainstream premise of Islamic religious

education. The themes of peace education are merely a fragmented material. This paper offers a principal concept of peace education and its practical forms developed from the Qur’an. Therefore, this paper is a review of the normative Islamic perspective on peace and conflict.

Peace education is expected to shape the community (especially students) to be independent and literate with efforts of peace building and conflict resolution. The purpose of this article is to explore the Islamic perspective on peace, which can be developed in the instruction of Islamic education both in the school and madrasa.
PERKEMBANGAN MAKNA KATA IRHĀB ‘TERORIS’ DAN JIHĀD ‘JIHAD’ DALAM BAHASA ARAB (Kajian Linguistik Arab Terhadap Peristilahan Radikalisme)
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: March 2017

Language is the most effective communication device and has huge influence for its speaker behavior. The way of thinking, understanding, and radicalism cannot be separated from language. Therefore, this article provides several terms related to radicalism, i.e. irhab ‘terorist’ and ‘jihad’. The terms are analyzed using relevant Arabic linguistic theories. It is the theory of semantic development (ath-thawwur ad-dalaly) that constitutes a part of semantics, one of the linguistics disciplines. This article also discusses the definition of both words irhab and jihad based on linguistics. The definition is also viewed from its periodic language history: pre-Islamic and present. Semantic development in the jahili age can be seen from jahili poem related to the use of the two words. As result, the meanings of these two words have been changing from time to time.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Hamzah Nur
Published: March 2017

In the context of the complexity of problems encountered by humans, education receives its significance, and faith-based education can become an option. From the Islamic perspective, education is capable of shaping the future of one’s humanity side. Therefore, in Islam education is one of the obligatory activities for all Muslim men and women that lasts a lifetime (Life-long education). Educational activities can in fact be delegated, but the parents are still responsible for the religious education of their own children. In Islam, religious education in the family should come first and foremost.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of radiation risk among employees in selected hospitals of Nepal
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , Nayak Ramesh , Subramanian Umashankar
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives: Nepal is facing the problem of safe, effective and quality radiology services due to lack of adequate knowledge towards advance technology professionals. Therefore, the present study was designed to focus on the knowledge, attitude and practice on radiation among employee in selected hospitals.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in among technical and non technical staff that were involved in or come across the radiology department. A set of self structured questionnaire and observation was used for data collection. Purposive sampling technique was used for the data collection. The collected data was compiled and analyzed by using SPSS 16.Results: The total number of staff participated in this study were 113, among them 65(58%) belong to technical group as health Professionals and 48(42%) belong to non -technical group. The knowledge of the technical staff was 66.95%, perception was 87.65% and the having the practice of protection was 75.9% whereas in non-technical staffs were 53.46%, perception is 64.60% and the having the practice of protection is 53.74%.Conclusion: The overall knowledge of radiation exposure amongst technical and non-technical staffs was average, poor perception and satisfactory practices. Regular training programmes and national legal law should be processed to reduce malpractice in radiations.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (2): 10-18
Use of GeneXpert for the diagnosis of multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis among smear negative suspected tuberculosis cases in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Shishir , Pant Narayan Dutt , Adhikari Nabaraj , Shrestha Upendra Thapa , Shrestha Bhawana
Published: March 2017

Not Available.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (2): 50-52
Vaginal versus clitoral? Or, vaginal and clitoral? A reply to Brody and Costa
Authors: Brotto Lori A.
Published: March 2017

This brief article is a reply to Brody and Costa's (2017) commentary on the article “A critical examination of the relationship between vaginal orgasm consistency and measures of psychological and sexual functioning and sexual concordance in women with sexual dysfunction” (Therrien & Brotto, 2016). Although I could provide a counter-point to each of the criticisms of our article, I have chosen instead to use this space to remind readers that our understanding of the underlying anatomy of women's orgasms is nascent. In addition, a variety of types of stimulation contribute to whether, how, and how intensely a woman may reach orgasm. Findings on the nature of female orgasm don't “prove” or “disprove” other findings. Rather they need to be analyzed in the context of the range of contributory variables.
Determination of the frequency and density of weed species in apple orchards in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey
Authors: Üstüner Tamer
Published: March 2017

A study was carried out in Kahramanmaras region of Turkey during 2012-13 having ten subregions namely, Afsin, And?r?n, Caglayancerit, Ekinozu, Elbistan, Göksun, Center, Nurhak, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu to determine the range, density and frequency of weeds in apple orchards. In the orchards 133 weed species from 31 families were determined. The average density of weeds was 112.49 plants m-2. The maximum density of weed species was found in Göksun (127.30 plants m-2) followed by Elbistan (126.13 plants m-2), Ekinozu (125.95 plants m- 2), Afsin (120.39 plants m-2), Center (117.94 plants m-2) and Caglayancerit (114.90 plants m-2), and the minimurn density was determined in Pazarc?k (69.51 plants m-2). From the identified 133 weed species one species belonged to Pterydophyta, 2l species to Monocotyledoneae and 111 species to Dicotyledoneae. The average densities of the weed species over l0 subregions for Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Bromus arvensis L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were found to be 13.76, 12.17, 12.10 and 10.76 plants m-2, respectively. With regard to frequency of occurrence, C. album L. was detected more than 56% in six subregions excluding And?r?n, Pazarc?k, Türkoglu and Center; A. retroflexus L. more than 54% in 7 subregions excluding Center, Pazarc?k and Türkoglu and A. repens (L.) P. Beauv. more than 50% in 10 subregions. Frequency of occurance of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. was observed 50.1, 50.9, 76.9% in Afsin, Caglayancerit and And?r?n, respectively and it was below 50% in other 7 subregions. In terms of coverage, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., A. retroflexus, A. repens, B. arvensis, C. album, Convolvulus arvensis L., C. dactylon and Lactuca serriola L. were determined to be within the range of 20.2 to 48.2% in the study areas while the other species were below 20%.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 87-102, March 2017
Nutrient balance under wheat-mungbean-T. Aman cropping pattern in calcareous soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Quddus MA , Mian J Abedin , Naser HM , Hossain MA , Salauddin AKM
Published: March 2017

Field experiments on Wheat-Mungbean-T. aman cropping pattern were conducted at Regional Pulses Research Station (RPRS), Madaripur in calcareous soils under Low Ganges River Floodplain (?EZ-12) during 2009 to 2010 to prepare nutrient balance sheet for the cropping pattern and fertilizer recommendation for study area. The treatments were T1= Control; T2 = Farmers practice; T3 = AEZ based recommended fertilizer dose and T4 = Soil test based fertilizer dose. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Results revealed that the average yields of wheat, mungbean and T. aman ranged from 1517 to 3124 kg ha-1, 1320 to 1863 kg ha-1 and 2974 to 4859 kg ha-1, respectively. Grain yield of all crops increased significantly higher in soil test based (STB) fertilizer treatment (T4) over the other treatments. Among the major nutrients, the magnitude of negative balance was greater with N and K followed by Mg and Ca. The negative balance of N (-56.0 to -183 kg ha-1), K (- 71.0 to -167 kg ha-1), Ca (-7.50 to -27.1 kg ha-1), and Mg (-16.7 to -35.7 kg ha-1) was observed in all the managements might be due to added lower amount of nutrients in soil and higher removal by the crops from the soil. Positive balance of P indicated that the added amount of P is larger than the removal; P fertilization was enough to make apparent balances positive. Across various treatments, there was some amount of positive apparent S balance except absolute control plots and farmers practice. On the other hand, Zn and B balance in the system was neutral to slightly positive. Results revealed that, N, K, Ca, and Mg balance after two years of cropping was negative regardless of soil type and management strategies adopted. There was an improvement in organic matter in all treatments where biomasses of mungbean were incorporated. Organic matter, N, P, S, Zn and B status in soil was improved due to soil test based fertilization over the initial status. Considering the gross margin and soil fertility the soil test based (STB) fertilizer management practice is economically profitable and sustainable.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 121-136, March 2017
Postharvest loss assessment of major fruits grown in hill regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MA , Khatun M , Matin MA , Dewan MF
Published: March 2017

The study was conducted for assessing postharvest loss of major fruits in different hill regions of Bangladesh. The study areas covered four hill districts, namely Rangamati, Khagrachari, Bandarban and Moulvibazar and six selected fruits, namely mango, jackfruit, litchi, banana, pineapple and orange. These fruits are grown intensively in hill regions compared to other parts of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 2050 fruit growers and 749 traders of eight (8) upazilas considering accessible and less accessible areas. At farmers and traders level, the total postharvest loss of banana, pineapple, orange, mango, litchi and jackfruit were 372, 274, 200, 243, 165 and 380 kg/mt which was accounted about 37%, 27%, 20%, 24%, 17% and 38% of total production respectively. The main postharvest losses at farm level were incurred due to severe attack of insect, bat, squirrel and monkey. For traders, major losses were incurred during transportation. On the basis of retail price, the annual economic loss was estimated as Tk. 2107.5 crore and the maximum loss was incurred for banana (Tk. 705.79 crore) followed by pineapple (Tk. 550.58 crore) and mango (Tk. 508.95 crore) and the lowest for orange (Tk. 1.12 crore). It is interesting to note that, transportation dummy, labour dummy and market demand dummy had negative and significant effect on the postharvest losses. If transportation facilities can be improved and market demand and labour availability can be increased, postharvest loss will be decreased to an acceptable level at the study areas.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 171-184, March 2017
Global Biofuels at the Crossroads: An Overview of Technical, Policy, and Investment Complexities in the Sustainability of Biofuel Development
Authors: Araújo Kathleen , Mahajan Devinder , Kerr Ryan , Silva Marcelo da
Published: March 2017

Biofuels have the potential to alter the transport and agricultural sectors of decarbonizing societies. Yet, the sustainability of these fuels has been questioned in recent years in connection with food versus fuel trade-offs, carbon accounting, and land use. Recognizing the complicated playing field for current decision-makers, we examine the technical attributes, policy, and global investment activity for biofuels (primarily liquids). Differences in feedstock and fuel types are considered, in addition to policy approaches of major producer countries. Issues with recent, policy-driven trade developments are highlighted to emphasize how systemic complexities associated with sustainability must also be managed. We conclude with near-term areas to watch.