bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective suppression of oligodendrocyte-derived amyloid beta rescues neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rajani Rikesh M. , Ellingford Robert , Hellmuth Mariam , Harris Samuel S. , Taso Orjona S. , Graykowski David , Lam Francesca Kar Wey , Arber Charles , Fertan Emre , Danial John S. H. , Swire Matthew , Lloyd Marcus , Giovannucci Tatiana A. , Bourdenx Mathieu , Klenerman David , Vassar Robert , Wray Selina , Sala Frigerio Carlo , Busche Marc Aurel
Published: July 2024

Reduction of amyloid beta (Aβ) has been shown to be effective in treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying assumption that neurons are the main source of pathogenic Aβ is untested. Here, we challenge this prevailing belief by demonstrating that oligodendrocytes are an important source of Aβ in the human brain and play a key role in promoting abnormal neuronal hyperactivity in an AD knock-in mouse model. We show that selectively suppressing oligodendrocyte Aβ production improves AD brain pathology and restores neuronal function in the mouse model in vivo. Our findings suggest that targeting oligodendrocyte Aβ production could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating AD.
In vivo vitamin D target genes interconnect key signaling pathways of innate immunity
Authors: Jaroslawska Julia , Ghosh Dastidar Ranjini , Carlberg Carsten
Published: July 2024

The vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), its nuclear receptor VDR (vitamin D receptor) and hundreds of their target genes are not only key regulators of calcium homeostasis, but also important modulators of the immune system. Innate immune cells like monocytes use VDR for efficient differentiation and are very responsive to vitamin D. So far, most information on the gene regulatory function of vitamin D and its physiological impact had been obtained from in vitro studies using supraphysiological doses of 1,25(OH)2D3. Therefore, medical experiments like the study VitDHiD (NCT03537027), where 25 healthy individuals were supplemented once with a vitamin D3 bolus (80,000 IU), provide important insight into the response to vitamin D under in vivo conditions. In this study, we inspected 452 in vivo vitamin D target genes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) detected in VitDHiD and found 61 of them involved in eight major KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways of innate immunity. Under in vivo conditions in healthy individuals vitamin D either silences five pathways of innate immunity, stabilizes two and increases one, so that acute inflammation is suppressed and the release of cytokines is kept under control. A ranking of the 61 target genes by inducibility, basal expression and multiple involvements in the pathways highlighted the genes NFKBIA (NFκB inhibitor alpha), NFKBIZ, FOSL2 (FOS like 2, AP1 transcription factor subunit), JDP2 (Jun dimerization protein 2), PIK3R1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1), CLEC7A (C-type lectin domain containing 7A), DUSP6 (dual specificity phosphatase 6), NCF2 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 2), PLCB1 (phospholipase C beta 1), PLCG2 and TNFAIP3 (TNF alpha induced protein 3). In conclusion, vitamin D’s in vivo effect on innate immunity in healthy adults is mediated by the interconnection of the pathways of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, Toll-like receptor, chemokine and phagosome signaling, NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, apoptosis and interleukin 17 through a limited set of proteins encoded by key target genes.
A framework for block-wise missing data in multi-omics
Authors: Baena-Miret Sergi , Reverter Ferran , Vegas Esteban
Published: July 2024

High-throughput technologies have generated vast amounts of omic data. It is a consensus that the integration of diverse omics sources improves predictive models and biomarker discovery. However, managing multiple omics data poses challenges such as data heterogeneity, noise, high-dimensionality and missing data, especially in block-wise patterns. This study addresses the challenges of high dimensionality and block-wise missing data through a regularization and constrained-based approach. The methodology is implemented in the R package bwm for binary and continuous response variables, and applied to breast cancer and exposome multi-omics datasets, achieving strong performance even in scenarios with missing data present in all omics. In binary classification task, our proposed model achieves accuracy in the range of 86% to 92%, and F1 in the range of 68% to 79%. And, in regression task the correlation between true and predicted responses is in the range of 72% to 76%. However, there is a slight decline in performance metrics as the percentage of missing data increases. In scenarios where block-wise missing data affects multiple omics, the model performance actually surpasses that of scenarios where missing data is present in only one omics. One possible explanation for this might be that the other scenarios introduce a greater diversity of observation profiles, leading to a more robust model. Depending on the specific omics being studied, there is greater consistency in feature selection when comparing block-wise missing data scenarios.
Six-year follow-up of participants in two clinical trials of rituximab or cyclophosphamide in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Rekeland Ingrid G. , Sørland Kari , Neteland Lisbeth Lykke , Fosså Alexander , Alme Kine , Risa Kristin , Dahl Olav , Tronstad Karl J. , Mella Olav , Fluge Øystein
Published: July 2024

Objectives

In this six-year follow-up study, we used patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to compare values at baseline, at 18 months, and at six-year follow up from the CycloME and the RituxME trials.

Methods

Based on the hypothesis that ME/CFS in a subgroup of patients is a variant of an autoimmune disease, we performed two clinical trials between 2014 and 2017. The RituxME trial was a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled phase III trial of 151 patients, assessing the B-cell depleting antibody rituximab. The CycloME trial was an open-label phase II trial of 40 patients using intravenous cyclophosphamide. Here we report six-year follow-up from both trials, using the Short Form 36 Physical Function (SF-36 PF) and DePaul short form (DSQ-SF) questionnaires.

Result

Of the patients available after six years, 75.7% of RituxME and 94.4% of CycloME patients participated. In the RituxME rituximab group, the mean SF-36 PF scores were 32.9 at baseline, 42.4 at 18 months and 45.5 at six years. In the placebo group, the mean SF-36 PF scores were 32.3 at baseline, 45.5 at 18 months and 43.1 at six years. In the CycloME trial, mean SF-36 PF increased from 35.4 at baseline to 54.4 at 18 months, and 56.7 at six years. At six-year follow-up, 44.1% of cyclophosphamide-, 27.6% of rituximab- and 20.4% of placebo-treated patients had an SF-36 PF ≥ 70, and further, 17.6%, 8.6% and 7.4% of the corresponding patient groups had an SF-36 PF ≥ 90, which is within normal range. In terms of worsening at six years, 5.9% of cyclophosphamide-treated, 10.3% of rituximab-, and 14.8% of placebo-treated patients had a drop in SF-36 PF of 20 points or more from baseline. There were no serious unexpected adverse reactions.

Conclusions

After six years, 44.1% of the cyclophosphamide group scored an SF-36 PF of at least 70, and 17.6% of at least 90, suggesting that cyclophosphamide in a subgroup may modulate the disease course in a beneficial way. However, cyclophosphamide carries toxicity concerns and should not be used for ME/CFS patients outside clinical trials. Rather, these data should encourage efforts to better understand the disease mechanisms and to search for targeted and less toxic immune modulatory treatment for this patient group.
Effects of behavioral observability and social proof on the coupled epidemic-awareness dynamics in multiplex networks
Authors: Pei Huayan , Wang Huanmin , Yan Guanghui
Published: July 2024

Despite much progress in exploring the coupled epidemic-awareness dynamics in multiplex networks, little attention has been paid to the joint impacts of behavioral observability and social proof on epidemic spreading. Since both the protective actions taken by direct neighbors and the observability of these actions have essential influence on individuals’ decisions. Thus, we propose a UAPU-SIR model by integrating the effects of these two factors into the decision-making process of taking preventive measures. Specifically, a new state called taken protective actions is introduced into the original unaware-aware-unaware (UAU) model to characterize the action-taken state of individuals after getting epidemic-related information. Using the Microscopic Markov Chain Approach (MMCA), the methods and model are described, and the epidemic threshold is analytically derived. We find that both observability of protecting behaviors and social proof can reduce the epidemic prevalence and raise the epidemic threshold. Moreover, only if observability of protection actions reaches a certain threshold can accelerating information diffusion is able to inhibit disease spreading and result in higher epidemic threshold. We also discover that, reducing the forgetting rate of information is able to decrease epidemic size.
Bifurcation, chaos, and stability analysis to the second fractional WBBM model
Authors: Ullah Mohammad Safi , Ali M. Zulfikar , Roshid Harun-Or
Published: July 2024

This manuscript investigates bifurcation, chaos, and stability analysis for a significant model in the research of shallow water waves, known as the second 3D fractional Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (WBBM) model. The dynamical system for the above-mentioned nonlinear structure is obtained by employing the Galilean transformation to fulfill the research objectives. Subsequent analysis includes planar dynamic systems techniques to investigate bifurcations, chaos, and sensitivities within the model. Our findings reveal diverse features, including quasi-periodic, periodic, and chaotic motion within the governing nonlinear problem. Additionally, diverse soliton structures, like bright solitons, dark solitons, kink waves, and anti-kink waves, are thoroughly explored through visual illustrations. Interestingly, our results highlight the importance of chaos analysis in understanding complex system dynamics, prediction, and stability. Our techniques’ efficiency, conciseness, and effectiveness advance our understanding of this model and suggest broader applications for exploring nonlinear systems. In addition to improving our understanding of shallow water nonlinear dynamics, including waveform features, bifurcation analysis, sensitivity, and stability, this study reveals insights into dynamic properties and wave patterns.
Capitalism on a bun: Profitable reconciliations and fast-food chicken sandwiches
Authors: Weaver Adam
Published: July 2024

Simple restaurant menu choices speak to more complex practices and processes. This study uses fast-food chicken sandwiches to understand the way in which capitalism reconciles apparent contradictions profitably. Capitalism has been conceptualized as a system riddled with contradictions, but it is also characterized by synthesis. There can be harmony – and capital accumulation – in juxtaposition. A qualitative analysis of trade journal articles is undertaken. Scholarly sources and journalistic exposés that examine industrial-scale chicken production are also examined. These publications feature information about specific products, restaurant chains and the fast-food industry overall. Thematic analysis and a contrapuntal reading of texts are used to identify patterns across the data. Fast-food chicken sandwiches, it is argued, are the outcome of a series of profitable reconciliations. These reconciliations encompass a series of seemingly contradictory tendencies that exist in tandem and in a manner conducive to making money. The disconnect that many North Americans experience with respect to the production of their food can be counterbalanced with the various connections addressed in this article. There is connection in the context of disconnection. Knowledge of the reconcilable qualities of capitalism enhances understanding of the crucial connections that structure the production, distribution and marketing of chicken sandwiches. Fluency with respect to capitalism and its complexities are helpful to those seeking to create economic value as well as promote more profound societal change. A single fast-food restaurant item can be emblematic of a series of connections. Through products of the commercial hospitality industry, one can achieve a deeper understanding of the functioning of capitalism. Comprehending hospitality contributes to efforts to comprehend the wider world.
Differential diagnosis of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy and osteomyelitis using medical imaging techniques
Authors: Dvoryanchikov Ya. V. , Tokmakova A. Yu. , Galstyan G. R. , Sheremeta M. S. , Trukhin A. A.
Published: July 2024

According to modern concepts, Charcot’s neuro-osteoarthropathy (Charcot’s foot) is considered as an aseptic inflammatory process in individuals with distal polyneuropathy, which leads to damage to bones and joints. Most often, Charcot’s foot is formed in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and affects the foot and ankle joint. Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP) is divided into active and inactive stages. The typical clinical picture of the active stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy is edema and hyperemia of the affected foot, with a temperature gradient of more than 2 °C compared with an unaffected foot. The nonspecific clinical picture of the active stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy makes it difficult to diagnose and often leads to the need for differential diagnosis of the active stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy and osteomyelitis, which is one of the most difficult issues in clinical practice. Early detection of these conditions is crucial, since treatment of the active stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy can prevent irreversible deformity of the foot, and detection of osteomyelitis will allow timely antibiotic therapy. Signs of changes in bone and foot structures in the active stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy in images obtained by computer X-ray, magnetic resonance and emission tomography may be similar to signs of osteomyelitis, which determines the importance of choosing an imaging method when examining a patient and developing an effective algorithm for early diagnosis of DNOAP. In this review, the main attention will be paid to the distinctive features of the active stage of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy and osteomyelitis when using imaging research methods.
Exploraciones del cuerpo en torno a la política del religar sentidos
Authors: Angelini Carla , López Adriana , Diaz Fernanda
Published: July 2024

Como investigadoras del campo de la salud, nos ocupa pensar cómo nuestros cuerpos son habitados por fuerzas que los afectan y se materializan en las intervenciones que realizamos desde las diferentes instituciones en las que estamos trabajando. Aparece allí una dueñidad que como expresión de las desigualdades estructurales habilita jerarquías en relación a los cuerpos. ¿Quiénes podemos desnaturalizar esa relación de fuerzas que parece conocer el cuerpo mejor que quien lo vive? ¿Cómo se expresan esas fuerzas que jerarquizan el saber de unes sobre otres? Ensayamos algunos caminos reafirmando que el cuidado de la vida es singular, colectivo y esencialmente político; un ejercicio de religar entendido como ética, como práctica de lo que se piensa y siente a la vez, que actúa como manifestación de un pensamiento sensible. Re-politizar los cuidados nos permite abrir otros sentidos en relación a la emancipación de nuestros cuerpos.
Tracking the Association between Health and Generalized and Institutional Trust over Time and Space
Authors: Habibov Nazim , Auchynnikava Alena , Lyu Yunhong , Fan Lida
Published: July 2024

Objective: We tracked the association between generalized and institutional trust and health in 26 countries from 2006 to 2016 by covering periods before, during, and after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Methods: Our data are from 3 waves of the Life-in-Transition survey coverings 26 countries in 3 waves (2006, 2010, and 2016). Thus, in our analysis persons are simultaneously nested in countries and through time without a pure hierarchy, because our data contains 3 waves of the survey for analysis, where each wave includes 26 countries. To address these variations, we estimate a cross-classified, varying-intercept, ML linear regression model with the following 4 levels – individual, countries, time, and countries multiplied by time. Results: There was a strong positive association between both generalized and institutional trusts and health. This effect was consistent for the whole sample, regional subsamples, and for female/male subsamples. This effect was also consistent for the whole period under investigation. Conclusions: Given the importance of generalized trust and institutional trust for health, authorities should focus on ways to build and maintain both types of trust.
The Effects of Supervision and Activity Status on Physical Activity Participation with Activity Zoned Playgrounds in Elementary-Aged Children
Authors: Barnas Jillian , Emerson Travis , Ball Stephen
Published: July 2024

Objective: We compared changes in physical activity (PA) in active and inactive youth during school recess with supervised and unsupervised activity zoned playgrounds (AZP). Methods: We analyzed PA of 143 third-, fourth-, and fifth-graders from 2 elementary institutions using Actigraph-GT3X accelerometers for 4 weeks. We collected baseline data for one week prior to activity zoning. Afterwards, the playgrounds were divided into 6 activity zones for 2 weeks, with activity zones supervised at only one institution. Activity zones were removed, and PA data were collected for one-week post intervention. Results: We saw few differences in PA engagement between the supervision conditions throughout the duration of AZP implementation such that moderate and vigorous PA decreased with supervision (ps < .05). Initial activity status influenced PA engagement with AZP implementation. AZPs significantly reduced vigorous PA engagement in active kids with subsequent increases in light PA engagement, whereas PA engagement remained relatively unchanged among inactive children. Conclusion: Supervising AZP may be detrimental to PA engagement during recess; however, this could be dependent on the reliability of employed supervisors. Additionally, considerable attention is needed with activity development that will appease students of differing activity statuses and prevent decreases in higher intensity PA engagement.
Healing the Body and Soul: A Comprehensive Review of Spiritual Nursing Care
Authors: Mohammed Javeed, Attar ,   King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA.
Published: July 2024

Background: Spiritual care is an important aspect of patient centered care and in healthcare research, the focus on spiritual care has been growing over the past decades. Providing spiritual care in a global, culturally entwined, and pluralistic world is complicated, as providers are sensitive to the potential variance in the secular, spiritual, and religious meaning orientations of their patients. The purpose of spiritual nursing care is to support people's spiritual health, encourage inner serenity, offer emotional support, and assist them in using their spiritual resources to get through trying times. Purpose: To identify challenges nurses face (communication, sensitivity) for improvement. Methods: In this study, we estimated ten patients from a geriatric ward in Edinburgh, Scotland, who were asked to define their spiritual requirements. Results: In our study, the majority of the patients expressed a desire to make sense of or find purpose in their lives, as well as to be loved and accepted. Conclusion: The study provides theoretical research and empirical support for nursing, creating a cumulative added value in spiritual nursing care. Future studies on spiritual care in nursing should inform changes in education and practice. This patient requirement must be prioritized alongside all other physical and mental needs. Implications for Nursing: Spiritual care in nursing practice has the potential to significantly enhance patient well-being and expand the role of nurses in healthcare. By addressing these challenges and fostering better training and education, nurses can become more equipped to integrate spiritual care into their practice. Keywords: Spiritual care, Spiritual well-being, Spiritual interventions, Nursing care, Holistic care, Spiritual health.
Il cibo come fattore identitario: il lessico culinario nelle cronache di calcio italiane – un’analisi corpus-based
Authors: Godzich Anna , Szpingier Beata Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

The article examines the role of food in shaping the Italian national identity based on the example of Italian football language in the most-read Italian newspaper entitled “La Gazzetta dello Sport” (www.gazzetta. it). At first, the concept of identity is analyzed and then its particular shades in the case of Italy and the attitude of Italians toward food, its importance and widespread occurrence within the entire country will be discussed. In fact, the food is a factor which seems to be a bonding element for all Italians and a means of expressing the current Italian national identity. The author identifies it as the Italian culinary identity. The phenomenon can be observed in such presently existing Italian culinary terms as cioccolatino, brodino, biscotto, spezzatino, mangiarsi un gol and the like that are used in Italian football news.
HTA model for laboratory medicine technologies: overview of approaches adopted in some international agencies
Authors: d’Angela Daniela , Orso Massimiliano , Migliore Antonio , Polistena Barbara , Spandonaro Federico , Bernardini Sergio
Published: July 2024

The Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Working Group of the Emerging Technology Division of International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) aims to develop a methodological approach for producing structured HTA information for laboratory medicine technologies. This approach seeks to support decision-making processes at the country, regional, and/or hospital levels regarding the introduction of specific technologies. The focus of this model will primarily be on defining assessment elements within the domains of ‘organizational aspects’ and ‘costs and economic evaluations’, potentially differentiated by the type of diagnostic technology (e.g., genetic tests, molecular tests). To achieve this project’s goal, a literature review and examination of websites of international HTA agencies have been conducted. The research aims to identify multidisciplinary methodological approaches used to assess laboratory diagnostic technologies and to pinpoint the domains and assessment elements utilized. We found 7 methodological articles describing methodological approaches adopted to assess laboratory diagnostic technologies. Among the HTA organizations considered, 23 reports were found, of which 7 were produced by the European Network of HTA (EUnetHTA), 4 by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Diagnostic Assessment Program (NICE DAP), and 12 by other HTA agencies. The EUnetHTA reports were rapid collaborative assessments covering various domains, while the NICE DAP reports focused on diagnostic guidances, including descriptions of technologies, clinical need and practice, diagnostic tests, accuracy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. Finally, a survey targeting laboratory professionals will be conducted to introduce assessment elements, differentiated by the type of diagnostic technology, primarily for organizational and economic domains.
The evaluation of melatonin and EGF interaction on breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Akbarzadeh Moloud , Vahedian Vahid , Hamid Abudulmohesen Zahraa , Ghadimi Parvin , Fathi Maroufi Nazila , Farzaneh Ali , Bastani Sepideh , Roshanravan Neda , Pirpour Tazehkand Abbas , Fattahi Amir , Faridvand Yousef , Talebi Mehdi , Farajzadeh Davoud , Akbarzadeh Maryam
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Metastasis in breast cancer is the first cause of death in patients. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases cancer cells’ invasion, and migration. Melatonin’s inhibitory effects on various types of cancer were confirmed. This study aimed to investigate whether melatonin could apply its impact through the EGF-related pathways or not.

Methods

First, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells were cultured, and then melatonin effects on cell viability were determined by MTT assay. Transwell invasion assay was applied to identify the invasiveness of these breast cancer cell lines under treatment of EGF and melatonin. Real-time RT-PCR then investigated the expression of MMP9 and MMP2 in determined groups. Cell proliferation was also assayed under EGF and melatonin treatment using Ki67 assessment by flow cytometry.

Results

The rate of invasion and migration of EGF-treated cells increased in both groups, in which melatonin caused increased invasion by EGF just in MCF7 cells. MMP9 and MMP2 expression increased significantly in both cell lines under EGF treatment, and melatonin increased these genes’ expression in both cell lines (p<0.05). EGF increased the MMP9 and MMP2 gene expression, and melatonin increased EGF-induced expression (p<0.05). The EGF reduced the expression of the Ki67 protein in the MCF7 cell line, which was negatively affected by melatonin and EGF. In contrast, along with melatonin, EGF did not affect the proliferation of the MDA-MB-231 cell line.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that melatonin in the presence of EGF does not show the anti-cancer properties previously described for this substance.
The effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) treatment on kidney histopathological appearance on the Wistar rat models with grade five kidney trauma
Authors: Agil Ahmad , Romdam Tjahjodjati , Atik Nur , Rachmadi Dedi , Yantisetiasti Anglita , Zumrutbas Ali E.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Kidney trauma is the most common urological trauma. Technological advances have made conservative management possible for almost all kidney trauma. However, grade five kidney trauma needs to be carefully examined due to its various complications, especially late complications that often delayed in recognition thus forming irreversible morbidity, with the most common late complication is kidney damage due to ischemic and fibrotic process. This study aims to confirm the effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) on the prevention of fibrosis in grade five kidney trauma using Wistar rat models, where the fibrosis process will be measured with histopathological examination which had features of glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in kidney tissue, then followed by histopathological scoring and total renal score.

Methods

A total of 22 adult rats were divided into five groups: one healthy control group, two trauma groups without ADSC, and two others trauma groups with ADSC. Two different treatment times were set: two weeks and four weeks after treatment. The data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), while differences between groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test if the distribution was not normal.

Results

For the result of total renal score, statistical analysis reveal a significant difference in the total renal score in the kidney trauma with ADSC group compared with kidney trauma without ADSC group in fourth week of observation (p=0.001).

Conclusions

These findings highlighted ADSC capability to prevent fibrosis caused by grade five kidney trauma on the Wistar rat models, as proven by significantly reduced histopathological grading on fibrosis.
Composite liquids under high-power heating: superheat of water in micro-explosion of water-in-fuel droplets
Authors: Melkikh Alexey , Skripov Pavel
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the degree of water superheating with respect to the liquid-vapour equilibrium line in experiments on the micro-explosion of a composite droplet comprised of two immiscible liquids. The analyses were carried out for water-in-fuel drops under conditions of high-power heating. This degree is compared with the mechanical effect of droplet decay, involving the formation of daughter droplets. Our attention was drawn to the smallness of the degree of superheating preceding the decay. A model of the boiling up of such a droplet is constructed taking into account the sources of premature boiling up of water inherent in micro-explosive experiments. The dependencies of the boiling up temperature of water on the heating rate obtained in the model turned out to be in accordance with the experimental data across a wide range of heating rates. A hypothesis about the local superheating of the transition layer, which is not detected in the experiment, is formulated. Thus, a step has been taken to clarify the essence of the mismatch of the degree of superheating of water recorded by macroscopic equipment along with a completely satisfactory generation of daughter droplets serving as the basis for advanced fuel technology.
Analytical solutions for nonequilibrium bioheat transfer in tumor during magnetic nanoparticles hyperthermia
Authors: Alqahtani Zuhur , Abbas Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

This paper presents mathematical responses for the dual-phase-lag (DPL) hypothesis, which accounts for nonequilibrium heat transfer during magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia in tumor. To get this precision, volume averaging is used for the local instantaneous energy formulation for tissues and blood. This study proposes a hybrid numerical strategy to solve this problem by combining change of variables, improved discretization techniques, and Laplace transforms. Using the Arrhenius formulas, the range of denatured proteins is used to assess the degree of heat damages to the tumor and healthy tissues. The impacts of porosity, the blood perfusion and metabolism on the temperature and the thermal injuries are studied. The numerical estimations of temperature and the resulting of thermal injuries are shown on a graph, and a comparison with earlier research establishes the results’ validity.
Association between perinatal and obstetric factors and early age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study
Authors: Negrato Carlos A. , Martins Rodrigo L. de M. , Louro Marina D. , Medeiros Gabriel A. , Lanzarin João V.M. , Zajdenverg Lenita , Lopes Lucas C.P.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the association between perinatal and obstetric factors as potential triggers for the early onset of T1DM.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study enrolling 409 patients diagnosed with T1DM, in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1981 to 2023. Data were retrieved from medical records, regarding sociodemographic parameters as age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Perinatal and obstetric factors as delivery type, gestational age, filiation order, length of exclusive breastfeeding, maternal age, maternal and fetal blood types, and occurrence of maternal gestational diabetes were also analyzed. An adapted survival analysis was employed to gauge the impact of each assessed variable at the age of T1DM diagnosis.

Results

The median age of T1DM diagnosis was 10.3 years with an interquartile range between 6.4 and 15.5 years. Delivery type and filiation order were the only factors statistically significantly associated with an early age at T1DM diagnosis. Patients who were born through cesarean section and who were firstborns showed a 28.6 and 18.0 % lower age at T1DM diagnosis, respectively, compared to those born through vaginal delivery and those that were nonfirstborns.

Conclusions

Being born by cesarean section and being firstborn showed to be statistically significant factors to determine an early T1DM diagnosis.
Biodegradable cannabidiol: a potential nanotherapeutic for neuropathic pain
Authors: Qayum Sana , Schmitt Rebecca R. , Machhar Janvhi S. , Garg Sonali , Bass Caroline , Muthaiah Vijaya P. K. , Ignatowski Tracey A. , Mahajan Supriya D.
Published: July 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising pharmaceutical agent to treat pain, inflammation, and seizures without the psychoactive effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). While CBD is highly lipophilic and can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its bioavailability is limited and clearance is quick, limiting its effectiveness in the brain. To improve its effectiveness, we developed a unique nanoformulation consisting of CBD encapsulated within the biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, methoxy polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA). mPEG-PLGA-CBD nanoparticles exhibited negligible cytotoxicity over a range of concentrations in CCK-8 assays performed in human astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, in an in-vitro BBB model, they exhibited rapid BBB permeability without harming BBB integrity. An in vivo Chronic Constriction Injury animal pain model was employed to study the efficacy of mPEG-PLGA-CBD in doses 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, and it was found that 45–55 nm CBD nanoparticles with an encapsulation efficiency of 65 % can cross the BBB. Additionally, 3 and 10 mg/kg mPEG-PLGA-CBD nanoformulation provided prolonged analgesia in rats on day 2 and -4 post-injection, which we propose is attributed to the sustained and controlled release of CBD. Future studies are required to understand the pharmacokinetics of this nanoformulation.
Combination of generic novelty detection and supervised classification pipelines for industrial condition monitoring
Authors: Klein Steffen , Wilhelm Yannick , Schütze Andreas , Schneider Tizian
Published: July 2024

Machine learning in industrial condition monitoring is currently a rapidly developing field of research, to improve the efficiency and reliability of industrial processes. Many of the used algorithms are supervised methods, which can learn and recognize hidden patterns in the data. However, training data is required to learn these patterns, which can only be generated to a limited extent in an industrial environment due to the high costs involved. Furthermore, it is impossible to represent all possible events in the training data. In contrast, unsupervised or semi-supervised methods can be used to detect new conditions or events. However, these usually do not allow diagnosis or quantification of a fault condition, which is why their usefulness for modern maintenance strategies is limited. Consequently, a robust condition monitoring system should combine the functionality of both approaches. This paper presents a methodology for the combination of supervised classification and semi-supervised novelty detection to build an expandable and adaptable condition monitoring by transferring recurring novelties as new conditions to the supervised classification. A superordinate algorithm is proposed to achieve a stepwise extension of the supervised model based on new conditions detected by novelty detection. With this approach, a condition monitoring system can at first be based on “normal” data of a new machine or process by adding failures or novel conditions step-by-step. Furthermore, the supervised methods can be used to help the corresponding staff identify unknown conditions by analyzing the features selected by the supervised classification. The general workflow is demonstrated for condition monitoring of the pneumatic drive system of a welding gun.
I. Die Herzmetaphorik im babylonischen Vertragsrecht – Ina ḫūd libbišu und der freie Wille beim Kaufvertrag
Authors: Kleber Kristin , Kirchhefer-Lauber Anna
Published: July 2024

Metaphor theories can provide new methodological means for the analysis of Akkadian cuneiform legal documents, especially with regard to the interpretation of terms and legal concepts in Babylonian contracts. In this article we examine the metaphorical phrase of ina ḫūd libbišu (from/in the joy of his heart), which becomes a terminus technicus in the Neo-Babylonian contracts and show that it did not only supersede the traditional waiver of action clauses but also introduced a real voluntative element, by which a seller consented to the transfer of ownership.
II. In Civitate: Captivity and Inheritance in Tannaitic Halakha in Light of Roman Law
Authors: Malka Orit , Paz Yakir
Published: July 2024

The question of the influence of Roman law on tannaitic legal literature, composed in Roman Palestine from the first to the third centuries CE, is currently the focus of an intense scholarly debate. While some argue for a deep link between rabbinic and Roman legal discourse, others regard the impact of Roman law on the rabbis as merely superficial. The current article aims to contribute to this debate by presenting a case study that demonstrates a high level of engagement, by some rabbis, with Roman legal discourse, one that goes well beyond superficial borrowing. In this case study, a rabbinic ruling regarding the inheritance of captives is shown to depend heavily on Roman juristic discourse over the ramifications of the Lex Cornelia de captivis. In a sophisticated process of reworking, the rabbis adapt Roman legal materials and principles into a rabbinic framework. Most importantly, we show that this reworking includes the reappropriation of a native tannaitic term (‘in the medina’) in order to translate a Roman technical legal term (in civitate), infusing the Hebrew term with new legal meanings. The details of this case study reveal what is normally concealed: the self-awareness of the rabbis who handle a Roman legal literary source, most probably derived from a concrete juristic discourse, deliberately reworking it to accord with rabbinic terminology, style, and form. This was probably not a one-time process, and it could well have been standard practice among some of the rabbis. Thus, this case study suggests that the evidence for a dramatic impact of Roman legal discourse on tannaitic halakha might be hiding in plain sight.
VI. The colonate in the west of Europe after ca. 500 AD
Authors: Sirks A. J. B.
Published: July 2024

The colonate as it was established under Diocletian depended on the credit an estate owner provided to a farmer. The latter had to provide at any moment services instead of interest and consequently had to reside in or near the estate. If the credit was used for the poll tax and the credit agreement was inserted into the census of the estate, the colonate in its public law form was created. It involved also a change in the status of the colonus. The subservience to the estate owner made his status into one of a subjected status which passed on to the offspring. In the east abolition of the poll tax implied the lifting of the colonate. In the west, in provinces of the former West-Roman Empire, we see in the sixth century a colonate which is hereditary but which has to all appearances no connection with the poll tax, if that still existed. It seems that a group of law texts which only deal with the descent of coloni was interpreted as standing on their own, not connected with taxation. In this way, it is submitted, the colonate shed its fiscal component and became a category of mere personal law.
VII. Der Index des Thalelaios zu C. 4,44,15 und die laesio enormis
Authors: Kaiser Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the question of the date of the laesio enormis (C. 4,44,2.8.12. 15), according to which the seller can cancel the purchase if the purchase price does not even reach half the value of the object of purchase, but the buyer can avert this by paying the shortfall. To answer this question, a hitherto overlooked source, the index of Thalelaios to C. 4,44,15, is consulted. The index reproduces the wording of C. 4,44,15 in the Codex of the year 529. The text agrees in part with CTh. 3,1,4 and in part with C. 4,44,15 in the Codex repetitae praelectionis. The similarities with CTh. 3,1,4 show that the price limit did not exist in the Codex of the year 529. It does not go back to Diocletian, but was inserted by the second Codex commission, which orientated itself on two of Justinian’s constitutions. An appendix deals with the question of the place where Diocletian was when C. 4,44,2 was issued in November 285.

Inhalt: I. Einleitung. – II. Das Gesetz des Kaisers Gratianus vom 2. Mai 383 im Codex Theodosianus (CTh. 3,1,4), S. 353. – III.C. 4,44,2. 8 und 15 im Codex repetitae praelectionis, S. 359, 1. Zur Überlieferung von C. 4,44 De rescindenda venditione, 2. C. 4,44,2 (Diocl.; a. 285), a) Zur Textkonstitution von C. 4,44,2, b) Zum Inhalt von C. 4,44,2, 3. C. 4,44,8 (Diocl.; a. 293), a) Zur Textkonstitution von C. 4,44,8, b) Zum Inhalt von C. 4,44,8; 4. C. 4,44,12 (Diocl.; a.?); 5. C. 4,44,15 (Gratianus; a. 383). – IV. Der Index zu C. 4,44,15 (Bas. 19,10,84), S. 372, 1. Überlieferung und Text des Index zu C. 4,44,15, 2. Die Abweichungen des Index von CTh. 3,1,4 und C. 4,44,15, 3. Folgerungen. – V. Die Einfügung der Wertgrenze durch die zweite Codexkommission, S. 380. – VI. Folgerungen für C. 4,44,8.12 und 2, S. 384, 1. Zur Rekonstruktion von C. 4,44,8, 2. Zur Rekonstruktion von C. 4,44,12, 3. Zur Rekonstruktion von C. 4,44,2, a) Weitere Texteingriffe der zweiten Codexkommission?, aa. Rem maioris pretii, bb. tu vel, cc. Emptoribus/emptor, dd. humanum est, b) Das mögliche Kriterium für eine Rückabwicklung, c) Zur Rechtsgrundlage der Rückabwicklung. – VII. Anderweitige Spuren des Codex 1. Auflage in Werken aus dem justinianischen Rechtsunterricht, S. 404, 1. Der Codex Iustinianus im Rechtsunterricht, a) Die Kaiserkonstitutionen im Rechtsstudium, b) Vorlesungszeiten und Inkrafttreten der 1. und 2. Auflage des Codex, 2. Unterricht zum Codex des Jahres 529 und des Jahres 534, 3. Reste von Vorlesungen zum Codex 1. Auflage: Erklärungsmodelle, a) Aufgabe und Kompetenzen der ersten und zweiten Codexkommission, b) Verwendung veralteten Materials oder redaktionelle Fehler?, 4. Beispiele für Divergenzen der lateinischen und indirekten griechischen Überlieferung, a) C. 4,14,3, b) C. 8,53,2, c) C. 7,65,5, d) C. 3,36,25. – VIII. Ergebnisse, S. 424, Anhang: Zum Erlassort von C. 4,44,2
VIII. Die sogenannte Epitome Guelferbitana der Lex Romana Visigothorum
Authors: Liebs Detlef
Published: July 2024

or (Alaric’s) Breviary, has survived, following the oldest version of the Lex Salica, in a manuscript from about 760 ad, now in Wolfenbüttel. The Epitome probably originates from mid 6th century in northern Burgundy, and may have been drafted by an instructor of law. It stands out thanks to its practical handling of the later Roman law at that time and environment, adapting traditional regulations to contemporary demands.
Nochmals zu D. 19,1,23 (Iul. 13 dig.) = Iul. 221 Lenel
Authors: Platschek Johannes
Published: July 2024

Julian’s solution of a sales law case as transmitted in D. 19,1,23 has often been described as erroneous, leading to a purchaser’s double compensation ex empto. It has been suggested that the fragment is interpolated and Julian was originally talking about actio fiduciae. Avoiding both an error by Julian as well as the suspicion of interpolation, this article tries to give another explanation, reinforcing aspects that have already been emphasized within the long lasting scholarly discussion and proposing a reconstruction of a lost element of Julian’s text.
Resistenz des talmudischen Rechts gegenüber dem römischen Recht?
Authors: Forster Doris
Published: July 2024

It is sometimes assumed that Talmudic civil law was barely more than a copy of Roman law. Rabbis indeed lived in a Roman-law environment and a superficial look at Talmudic and Roman law does reveal many similarities. However, an attentive analysis of the rules on liability for animals unveils Talmudic law’s single characteristics and indeed its resistance to external influences in this context; most likely the rabbis endeavoured to preserve the independence of Talmudic law from the secular ruling authority rather than conforming with it.
Zum Text von D. 1,16,6pr. (Ulp. 1 off. procons.) = Ulp. 2144 Lenel
Authors: Platschek Johannes
Published: July 2024

The governor of a senatorial province (proconsul) can delegate iurisdictional power to his legati (iurisdictio mandata). He cannot transfer ius gladii and coercitio, nor the power to release a criminal suspect from custody. The governor’s practice however, as described by the transmitted text of D. 1,16,6pr., taken from Ulpian’s De officio proconsulis, is held to be interpolated. Reexamination of the passage shows there is no need to suppose any manipulation of the text with regards to content.
ITINERARIOS DISCURSIVOS EN LA REVISTA ARGENTINA ECO CONTEMPORÁNEO (1961-1969)
Authors: Raggio Marcela María
Published: July 2024

Este artículo estudia los trece números de la revista Eco Contemporáneo publicadas en la década del ’60 en Argentina, bajo la dirección de Miguel Grinberg. Teniendo en cuenta el método de análisis propuesto por Marc Angenot sobre el discurso social (2015), se analizan los giros que fue tomando Eco tanto en sus notas editoriales como en el contenido que publicaba, adecuándose a las mutaciones de la contracultura de los años ’60. El análisis considera la revista tanto desde una perspectiva sincrónica, como muestra del discurso social de la década como un todo significante, y a la vez, desde una perspectiva diacrónica en la que se establecen las variables del discurso social a lo largo de nueve años. En ambos casos, se estudia Eco contemporáneo aplicando las categorías culturales, sociales, ideológicas y políticas propuestas por Oscar Terán (2013) en su estudio sobre la década de 1960, que permite concluir que las regularidades del discurso en los trece números de la revista son la crítica al sistema, la apuesta por un mundo más justo, y la solidaridad. Por otro lado, las variaciones y desplazamientos se producen en el contenido, ya que la poesía y otras artes van perdiendo lugar, frente el avance de notas de carácter más politizado a medida que avanza la década.
REVISTA NUESTRA ESPAÑA: A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UMA REDE INTELECTUAL ANTIFRANQUISTA NO EXÍLIO CUBANO
Authors: Gonçalves Marcos
Published: July 2024

O artigo reconstitui parte da história do exílio republicano espanhol em Cuba, após a guerra-civil no país ibérico (1936-1939). Situa como recorte temático analisar o periódico que consiste na primeira publicação de intelectuais espanhóis no exílio: a revista Nuestra España, criada em outubro de 1939 na cidade de Havana por Alvaro de Albornoz (1874-1954), exilado em Cuba, e fundador em Espanha do Partido Republicano Radical-Socialista em 1929. O texto adota duas ideias-chaves como impulsoras dos argumentos descritivos e explicativos: 1) a noção de "redes", ou "redes intelectuais no exílio", enquanto conceito operativo que define o intercâmbio discursivo e tensional entre textos coletivos, ou como conjunto de relações entre as escrituras, e não propriamente como aquilo que se estabelece enquanto singular performatividade de um autor; 2) uma narrativa inaugural do antifranquismo produzida desde o exílio, hipótese defendida a partir da constatação sobre o vínculo predominante e coesão entre a rede de intelectuais, e que se constitui como núcleo irradiador das interpretações sobre o franquismo. Em outros termos, o antifranquismo se realiza como vasto conjunto de interpretações concebidas em um “lugar” distanciado das mediações culturais de origem, e que passam a refutar não só as mitologias políticas que configuravam o esteio da ditadura franquista, mas também denunciavam a economia de terror implantada em Espanha.