bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review: Implementing the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation model when formulating detergents and other surfactant‐related applications
Authors: Phaodee Parichat , Weston Javen
Published: February 2023

When designing surfactant formulations using ionic and nonionic surfactants, the hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) is a generalized surfactant characterization parameter that has shown to be useful when designing surfactant formulations, in the case of both ionic and nonionic surfactants (Davies' and Griffin's methods). Microemulsion phase behavior studies have been extensively used to optimize surfactant formulations, but these studies can cover a very wide phase space and can often encounter troublesome non‐equilibrium issues such as coacervation. Detailed phase behavior studies can be time‐consuming and difficult to apply beyond the specific surfactant‐oil system studied. The hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) provides a method to help expedite surfactant formulation research by reducing the number of phase behavior studies required to optimize a given formulation. Detergency experiments have indicated that there is an optimal range of HLD for a given fabric surface. This appears to apply to other applications, as well, for example, surfactant formulations used in enhanced oil recovery have been optimized using the HLD method. These studies found that the HLD can reflect total oil recovery, even if the surfactants were derived from different alcohol feedstocks (e.g., HLD of 0 would describe optimum conditions regardless the type of surfactant). Also with additional parameterization, the HLD method can also be applied to non‐ideal surfactant mixtures, specifically ionic/nonionic blends. Overall, the HLD framework has shown to be an effective screening tool for a wide range of surfactant‐related applications when appropriate experiments, assumptions, and understanding of surfactant and oil interactions are used to generate the HLD parameters.
Effect of mussel polysaccharide on glucolipid metabolism and intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Rui , Yang Xingwen , Jiang Qihong , Chen Lin , Gu Saiqi , Shen Guoxin , Liu Shulai , Xiang Xingwei
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus is a major metabolic disease, and its incidence and lethality have increased significantly in recent years, making it a serious threat to human health. Among numerous previous studies, polysaccharides have been shown to alleviate the adverse effects of T2D, but there are still problems such as insufficient analysis and poor understanding of the mechanisms by which polysaccharides, especially those of marine origin, regulate T2D.

METHODS

In this study, we used multiple allosteric approaches to further investigate the regulatory effects of mussel polysaccharides (MPs) on T2D and gut microbiota disorders in mice by identifying changes in genes, proteins, metabolites and target organs associated with glucolipid metabolism using an animal model of T2D fed with high‐fat diets, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

RESULTS

After MP intervention, serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were up‐regulated, and blood glucose and lipid levels were effectively reduced in T2D mice. Activation of signaling molecules related to the upstream and downstream of the insulin PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reduced hepatic insulin resistance. The relative abundance of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria (including Akkermansia, Siraeum Eubacterium and Allobaculum) increased and harmful desulfurizing Vibrio decreased. In addition, the levels of SCFAs were increased.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that MP can increase SCFA levels by altering the abundance of intestinal flora, thereby activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and exerting hypoglycemic effects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chiral covalent organic framework incorporated organic polymer monolithic capillary column for enantioseparations
Authors: Song Ruike , Li Yanxia , Chen Yiting , Qiu Zhenli , Huang Lu
Published: February 2023

A chiral covalent organic framework was synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into organic polymer monolithic capillary columns to provide chiral stationary phases for enantioseparations. The prepared monolithic capillary columns were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. To obtain better enantioseparations, the columns’ preparation conditions, and enantioseparation conditions were optimized. Baseline resolutions of several chiral compounds were obtained with good reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, the mechanism of chiral recognition was investigated using molecular docking with AutoDock. Docking results showed that the enantioselectivity factor rather than resolution is correlated with the binding free energy difference between enantiomers with the chiral covalent organic framework. And abundant acetoxy and nitrile groups as well as benzene rings in the chiral covalent organic framework are responsible for the enantioseparation ability of the chiral monolithic capillary columns.
Effectiveness and tolerability of calcipotriol/betamethasone aerosol foam in patients with psoriasis vulgaris in real‐life setting: A prospective, noninterventional, multicenter observational study in Austria
Authors: Zenahlik Paulus , Auer‐Grumbach Piet , Hantich‐Hladik Brigitte , Koeck Maximilian , Kriz Martin , Gassner Marlene , Schwarz Ursula , Ratzinger Gudrun
Published: February 2023

Background

For the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis, vitamin D analogues and corticosteroids are used as a fixed combination, which is available in different galenic preparations.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of calcipotriol/betamethasone (Cal/BD) cutaneous foam in a real‐world setting.

Methods

Overall, 107 adult patients with at least mild plaque psoriasis as measured by the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) were included and treated for 4 weeks. Affected body surface area (BSA), plaque locations, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were documented at baseline, after 4 weeks and at the end of the study. Pruritus, overall patient satisfaction, tolerability and convenience of use, as well as quality of life (DLQI) were also evaluated.

Results

In total, 96% of the patients suffered from mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Of all patients included, 76% had previously received topical therapy. Under treatment with Cal/BD aerosol foam, the mean IGA score was reduced from 2.49 to 1.28 points (p < 0.001). The mean PASI score was reduced from 7.01 to 3.58 (p < 0.001). BSA was improved from 9.92% to 4.19% (p < 0.001) and the DLQI from 7.81 to 2.43 points (p < 0.001). Over 88% (84/95 patients) were very satisfied or satisfied with Cal/BD aerosol foam. The treatment was described as soothing (63/89), cooling (70/89), and itch relieving (53/84). Lack of efficacy was documented as an adverse event (AE) in four of 107 patients. No other AEs were observed.

Conclusions

The treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with Cal/BD aerosol foam was demonstrated to be effective, well tolerated and associated with high patient satisfaction.
A new general decay for a transmission problem of viscoelastic Timoshenko systems
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Fang Zhong Bo
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we investigate the long‐time behavior for a transmission problem of viscoelastic Timoshenko systems with different speeds of wave propagation. By constructing a new Lyapunov functional and combining the technique of perturbation energy with some precise estimates for multipliers, we establish a general uniform decay estimates for the energy.
DNTT activation, TdT‐aided gene length mutation, and better prognosis in ATG‐based regimen allo‐HSCT in AML
Authors: Zhou Xiaosu , Nie Daijing , Zhang Yang , Liu Zhixiu , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Jianping , Wang Fang , Fang Jiancheng , Cao Panxiang , Chen Xue , Ma Xiaoli , Yuan Lili , Chen Jiaqi , Tan Yincheng , Chen Qihui , Liu Ming , Liu Mingyue , Liu Yijun , Wu Qisheng , Lu Peihua , Liu Hongxing
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anomalous DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) activation and the mutagenesis of gene length mutations (LMs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the relevance of their prognosis in antithymocyte globulin (ATG)‐based regimen allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). A cohort of 578 AML cases was enrolled. Next‐generation sequencing was performed to screen mutations of 86 leukemia driver genes. RNA‐seq was used to analyze gene expression. Prognostic analysis was investigated in 239 AML cases who underwent ATG‐based regimen allo‐HSCT. We report a refined subtyping algorithm of LMs (type I–IV) based on sequence anatomy considering the TdT‐aided mutagenesis mechanism. GC content adjacent to LM junctions, inserted nontemplate nucleotide bases, and DNTT expression analysis supported the DNTT activation and TdT‐aided mutagenesis in type II/III LMs in the total AML cohort. Both single‐variate and multivariate analyses showed a better overall survival of FLT3 type III compared to type I in a subset of ATG‐based regimen allo‐HSCT cases. The novel LM subtyping algorithm not only deciphers the etiology of the mutagenesis of LMs but also helps to fine‐tune prognosis differentiation in AML. The possible prognostic versatility of this novel LM subtyping algorithm in terms of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and allo‐HSCT merits further investigation.
Pharmacological Interventions for Sialorrhoea in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Naeem Fariha , Reid James , Bailey Matthew , Reid Amanda , Smyth Clare , Taylor‐Rowan Martin , Newman Edward J. , Quinn Terry
Published: February 2023

Background/objectives

Sialorrhoea is a common non motor complication experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its prevalence there is conflicting evidence on how to effectively treat it. Our aim was to establish the efficacy and safety outcomes of pharmacological interventions used to treat sialorrhoea in people with idiopathic PD.

Methods

We registered and conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42016042470). We searched seven electronic databases from inception until July 2022. Quantitative synthesis was performed where data allowed using random effects models.

Results

From 1374 records we included 13 studies (n = 405 participants). Studies were conducted in Europe, North America and China. There was marked heterogeneity in the interventions used, follow up times and outcome measures investigated. The main source of risk of bias identified was reporting bias. Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Summary estimates showed administration of botulinum toxin significantly reduced saliva production, improved patient reported functional outcomes and was associated with an increase in adverse events.

Conclusion

Sialorrhoea in PD is an important condition, but current data does not allow for strong recommendations on optimal pharmacological treatments. There is significant heterogeneity in outcomes measures used to evaluate the burden of sialorrhoea with lack of consensus on what constitutes clinically meaningful change. More research is required to better understand the underlying mechanism and potential treatments of sialorrhoea in idiopathic PD.
On the set of initial guesses for the secant method
Authors: Moysi Alejandro , Ezquerro José Antonio , Hernández‐Verón Miguel Ángel , Magreñán Ángel Alberto
Published: February 2023

The secant method is the most used iterative method to solve an operator equation where the operator involved is nondifferentiable. A known problem that arises when applying this method is its accessibility. Then, we try to improve it by using the technique of decomposition of the operator involved, so that the operator is in turn the sum of two operators, one differentiable and the other continuous but not differentiable. For this, we use a family of Newton‐secant‐type iterative methods that arises from Newton's method and from a well‐known family of secant‐type iterative methods. We study the accessibility of the new methods in two different ways: From the convergence balls of the methods, obtained from a local study of the convergence, and from a dynamic study of the methods. Some examples related to chemistry are also presented to prove the theoretical results.
A multiband quasi‐Yagi antenna using stepped driver and slotted ground for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz bands applications
Authors: Turan Goksel , Odabasi Hayrettin
Published: February 2023

A multiband quasi‐Yagi antenna using a stepped driver and slotted ground for the applications of 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz bands is presented. The ground plane modifications match impedance and help form the resonances, while the stepped driver parameters allow independent control of resonance frequencies. The antenna shows multiband characteristics and has achieved  dB in three different frequency bands of 2.15–2.65, 3.4–4, and 5–5.3 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna shows a stable gain of around 3.9–4.9 dBi and retains its general radiation characteristics for all frequency bands. The simulation and measurement results agree well with each other. The proposed antenna is suitable for applications requiring general quasi‐Yagi antenna characteristics for wireless communications applications for WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, and Bluetooth frequency bands.
The cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a learned helplessness scale for maintenance hemodialysis patients in China (LHS‐MHD‐C)
Authors: Xie Chunyan , Zhou Lin , Sun Cuifang , Zhang Yini , Li Yamin
Published: February 2023

Learned helplessness (LH) is an important concept in nursing. This study aimed to adapt and translate the Arthritis Helplessness Index scale into a Chinese version of an LH scale for maintenance hemodialysis patients in China (LHS‐MHD‐C), and to validate its psychometric properties. Data collected included LHS‐MHD‐C, as well as the Hospital Depression Scale (HADS‐D), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) for assessing LHS‐MHD‐C's criterion validity (predictive and concurrent, respectively). The expert consultation and the pilot study demonstrated semantic and conceptual equivalence and content validity (except for Item 3, the item content validity ranged from 0.82 to 1, and the scale content validity was 0.95). An exploratory factor analysis (n = 146) eliminated three items and accepted 11 items for the two factors, explaining 63.87% of the total variance. A CFA (n = 218) showed that the two‐factors structure was consistent with the LH theory. The LHS‐MHD‐C can distinguish between maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients of different ages, education, working status, monthly income, and MHD duration. The scale had good concurrent validity with the BHS (r = .78,p < 0.01). Using the HADS‐D as a criterion, the LHS‐MHD‐C showed a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 96.8%. A total score of 36.5 may be the best cut‐off value for predicting MHD patients' depression. The scale showed good reliabilities (Cronbach'sαvalue of .759, test–retest reliability of 0.772, and split‐half reliability of 0.774). This study found that the LHS‐MHD‐C is a reliable and valid scale for assessing Chinese MHD patients' helplessness.
Oncofetal protein glypican‐3 is a biomarker and critical regulator of function for neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer
Authors: Butler William , Xu Lingfan , Zhou Yinglu , Cheng Qing , Hauck J. Spencer , He Yiping , Marek Robert , Hartman Zachary , Cheng Liang , Yang Qing , Wang Mu‐En , Chen Ming , Zhang Hong , Armstrong Andrew J , Huang Jiaoti
Published: February 2023

Neuroendocrine (NE) cells comprise ~1% of epithelial cells in benign prostate and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). However, they become enriched in hormonally treated and castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). In addition, close to 20% of hormonally treated tumors recur as small cell NE carcinoma (SCNC), composed entirely of NE cells, which may be the result of clonal expansion or lineage plasticity. Since NE cells do not express androgen receptors (ARs), they are resistant to hormonal therapy and contribute to therapy failure. Here, we describe the identification of glypican‐3 (GPC3) as an oncofetal cell surface protein specific to NE cells in prostate cancer. Functional studies revealed that GPC3 is critical to the viability of NE tumor cells and tumors displaying NE differentiation and that it regulates calcium homeostasis and signaling. Since our results demonstrate that GPC3 is specifically expressed by NE cells, patients with confirmed SCNC may qualify for GPC3‐targeted therapy which has been developed in the context of liver cancer and displays minimal toxicity due to its tumor‐specific expression. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with relapsed osteosarcoma
Authors: Kang Sung Han , Kim Wanlim , Lee Jong Seok , Suh Jin Kyung , Kim Hyery , Kim Dong Kwan , Choi Se Hoon , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Yoo Keon Hee , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Seo Sung Wook , Im Ho Joon , Lee Ji Won , Koh Kyung‐Nam
Published: February 2023

Background

Patients with relapsed osteosarcoma have poor treatment outcomes. High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/ASCT) has been used in several high‐risk malignant solid tumors; however, few studies have evaluated their role in treating osteosarcoma. We evaluated the effectiveness of HDCT/ASCT in relapsed pediatric osteosarcoma cases.

Procedure

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients diagnosed with and treated for relapsed osteosarcoma at Asan Medical Center and Samsung Medical Center from January 1996 to July 2019.

Results

The median age of this cohort was 13.4 years (range: 6.1–18.2). The cohort's 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 51.0% ± 0.1% during a median follow‐up period of 67.5 months. Twenty‐five patients (62.5%) achieved complete remission (CR) with salvage treatment, and the 5‐year OS was 82.4% ± 0.1%, whereas none of the remaining 15 patients who did not achieve CR survived (p < .0001). Of the 25 CR cases, 15 underwent subsequent HDCT/ASCT. We compared the effect of HDCT/ASCT among patients who achieved CR. There were no significant differences in the 5‐year OS outcomes between patients who did and did not receive HDCT/ASCT (83.9% ± 0.1%, 13/15 vs. 80.0% ± 0.1%, 8/10, respectively; p = .923).

Conclusion

To our knowledge, we report the first comparative cohort study that proved HDCT/ASCT does not significantly improve survival outcomes in relapsed osteosarcoma. Achievement of CR remains the most crucial factor for good survival outcomes.
mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination early in pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion in an international pregnancy registry
Authors: Mansour Omar , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Wyszynski Diego F.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines are used in pregnant populations whether advertently or inadvertently. However, evidence on the safety of these vaccines during pregnancy is limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNT162b2 (Pfizer‐BioNTech) and mRNA‐1273 (Moderna) vaccination during the first 20 weeks of gestation on the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB).

Methods

All pregnant women who received at least one dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273 and enrolled in the COVID‐19 Vaccines International Pregnancy Exposure Registry (C‐VIPER) were prospectively followed from enrollment until 20 weeks of gestation, SAB, or loss to follow‐up. Baseline demographics, vaccination information, and pregnancy outcomes were collected via monthly online self‐administered questionnaires, vaccination certificates, and medical records. Life tables were used to calculate the cumulative risk of SAB. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) comparing the two vaccines groups stratified by country of residence and gestational age at enrollment.

Results

Among 6840 participants who received at least one dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273 at any time in pregnancy between Jan‐Sep, 2021, 2129 met the inclusion criteria (1576 received BNT162b2 and 553 mRNA‐1273). The two groups were balanced in terms of baseline characteristics. There were 37 SABs, with an overall 13.4% estimated cumulative risk by 20 weeks of gestation, which is similar to the expected risk in the population. The HR of SAB comparing mRNA‐1273 to BNT162b2 was 1.46 (95% CI: 0.66, 3.22).

Conclusion

The C‐VIPER data show no evidence that mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines increase the risk of SAB.
Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Koley Riya , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: February 2023

In the present work, biophenol and furfural‐based resol resin was synthesized and utilized for the very first time to cure styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The reaction was studied over a range of times, temperatures, pH, and furfural to biophenol ratios to fix the optimum conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the functional groups and chemical structure of the synthesized resin, respectively. An exothermic peak for the resin curing appeared at 143°C in the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the resin. Then, the biophenol‐furfural resin was utilized for the curing of SBR. The synthesized resin increased the tensile strength of the raw rubber from 0.20 ± 0.01 MPa to 1.22 ± 0.10 MPa at 10 phr loading, and the crosslink density was 2.56 × 10−5 mol/mL. The activation energy for curing SBR containing 10 phr resin was 97 kJ/mol. The storage modulus of the resin‐cured compound was improved. The glass transition temperature of the raw SBR was also shifted from −43.8 to −42.3°C when 10 phr resin was used for the curing. Hence, for the first time, this work reported the utilization of biophenol‐biosourced furfural resin to cure rubbers.
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with in situ generated plasma‐activated air‐driven water mist
Authors: Saadawy Hossam , Fathi Esraa M. , Elsayed Islam , Anzour Janset S. , Zaki Ahmed , El Shaer Mohamed , Emara Marwan
Published: February 2023

Since the development of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), substantial and significant usage of CAP applications was introduced in medicine. Here, we developed two combined sources of plasma to produce in situ plasma‐activated air‐driven water mist (PAAWM). The first is generated using air as a feed gas, while the second is plasma‐activated water generated by the ignition of plasma within the air‐driven water mist. Both contribute to the plasma jet generation of PAAWM. The antitumor efficacy of PAAWM was evaluated against two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (SNU‐449 and SNU‐475). The generated PAAWM was efficient in the treatment of both chemosensitive and chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These results may support using PAAWM alone or in combination with other treatment modalities.
Susceptibility monitoring and comparative gene expression of susceptible and resistant strains of Spodoptera frugiperda to lambda‐cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos
Authors: do Nascimento Antonio Rogério Bezerra , Rodrigues Juliana Gonzales , Kanno Rubens Hideo , de Amaral Fernando Semmelroth Assunção e , Malaquias José Bruno , Silva‐Brandão Karina Lucas , Cônsoli Fernando Luís , Omoto Celso
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a widespread agricultural pest with several records of resistance to different insecticides and Bt proteins, including the neurotoxic insecticides chlorpyrifos (organophosphate) and lambda‐cyhalothrin (pyrethroid). Here, we (i) characterized and monitored the susceptibility of field populations of S. frugiperda to chlorpyrifos (194 populations) and lambda‐cyhalothrin (197 populations) collected from major maize‐growing regions of Brazil from 2003 to 2016, and (ii) compared gene expression levels of laboratory‐selected, chlorpyrifos‐ and lambda‐cyhalothrin‐resistant strains to a susceptible reference strain (Sf‐ss) of S. frugiperda.

RESULTS

The susceptibility monitoring detected average survival ranging from 29.3% to 36.0% for chlorpyrifos, and 23.1% to 68.0% for lambda‐cyhalothrin. The resistance ratio of the chlorpyrifos‐resistant strain (Clo‐rr) was 25.4‐fold and of the lambda‐cyhalothrin‐resistant strain (Lam‐rr) was 21.5‐fold. We identified 1098 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Clo‐rr and Sf‐ss, and 303 DEGs between Lam‐rr and Sf‐ss. Functional analyses of the DEGs revealed the up‐regulation of several detoxification enzymes, mainly cytochrome P450 belonging to CYP3 and CYP6 clans. Genes associated with regulatory processes, such as the forkhead box class O (FoxO) transcription factor were also up‐regulated. Variant analysis of target‐site mutations for both pesticides identified the A201S and F290V mutations in acetylcholinesterase‐1, both occurring in heterozigosis in the Clo‐rr S. frugiperda strain.

CONCLUSION

Our data show that the overexpression of the enzymatic detoxification machinery is the main difference to explain the resistance of Clo‐rr and Lam‐rr strains of S. frugiperda to chlorpyrifos and lambda‐cyhalothrin, although a target‐site mutation also contributes to the Clo‐rr resistance to chlorpyrifos. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The quest for balance between capturing data and model complexity: A quantitative clinical pharmacology approach applied to monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Pressly Michelle A. , Peletier Lambertus A. , Zheng Songmao , Sharma Vishnu D. , Lien Yi Ting (Kayla) , Wang Weirong , Zhou Honghui , Schmidt Stephan
Published: February 2023

The main objective of this tutorial is to provide the readers with a roadmap of how to establish increasingly complex target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) models for monoclonal antibodies. To this end, we built mathematical models, each with a detailed visualization, starting from the basic TMDD model by Mager and Jusko to the well‐established, physiologically based model by Li et al. in a step‐wise fashion to highlight the relative importance of key physiological processes that impact mAb kinetics and system dynamics. As the models become more complex, the question of structural and parameter identifiability arises. To address this question, we work through a trastuzumab case example to guide the modeler's choice for model and parameter optimization in light of the context of use. We leave the readers of this tutorial with a brief summary of the advantages and limitations of each model expansion, as well as the model source codes for further self‐guided exploration and hands‐on analysis.
Recrystallization of MBE‐Grown MoS2 Monolayers Induced by Annealing in a Chemical Vapor Deposition Furnace
Authors: Wang Rongbin , Koch Norbert , Martin Jens , Sadofev Sergey
Published: February 2023

A systematic study of MoS2 grown by a combination of physical vapor deposition and post‐growth annealing treatment has been conducted. Hereby, MoS2 thin films with thicknesses between 1 and 2 layers are first grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy at different growth temperatures and then transferred to S environment inside a tube furnace for an annealing process. Depending on the growth temperature, the as‐grown layers are either amorphous or form a crystalline structure composed of closely packed nanometer‐size grains. The annealing process leads to recrystallization of these layers significantly increasing the size of the MoS2 crystalline domains to the range of 50–100 nm. While the originally amorphous layer displays rotational domains after annealing, recrystallization of samples grown at high temperatures yields single crystalline layers. All samples display an increase of the crystallite dimension, which is accompanied by the disappearance of the defect‐related peaks in the Raman spectra, sharpening of the excitonic signatures in absorption, and strong enhancement of the photoluminescence yield. The results represent a promising way to combine advantages of physical vapor deposition and a post‐growth annealing in a chemical vapor deposition furnace toward fabrication of wafer‐scale single crystalline transition metal dichalcogenide mono‐ and multilayer films on non‐van der Waals substrates.
Resveratrol regulates inflammation and improves oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling pathway: Therapeutic and biotechnological prospects
Authors: Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein , Salemi Fateme , Small Shlomo , Syed Suliman , Salari Farzam , Alam Waqas , Cheang Wai San , Saso Luciano , Khan Haroon
Published: February 2023

Usually, in aerobic metabolism, natural materials including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can experience auxiliary injury by oxidative responses. This damage produced by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species has been identified as “oxidative stress.” As a natural polyphenol got from red wine and peanuts, resveratrol is one of the most eminent anti‐aging mixtures. Based on many studies', resveratrol hinders destructive effects of inflammatory causes and reactive oxygen radicals in several tissues. The nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 is a factor related to transcription with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant possessions which is complicated by enzyme biotransformation and biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. This review provides current understanding and information about the character of resveratrol against oxidative stress and regulation of inflammation via Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Contribution of risk and resilience factors to anxiety trajectories during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Authors: Shilton Tal , Mancini Anthony D. , Perlstein Samantha , DiDomenico Grace E. , Visoki Elina , Greenberg David M. , Brown Lily A. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Waller Rebecca E. , Barzilay Ran
Published: February 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic, and the response of governments to mitigate the pandemic's spread, resulted in exceptional circumstances that comprised a major global stressor, with broad implications for mental health. We aimed to delineate anxiety trajectories over three time‐points in the first 6 months of the pandemic and identify baseline risk and resilience factors that predicted anxiety trajectories. Within weeks of the pandemic onset, we established a website (covid19resilience.org), and enrolled 1362 participants (n = 1064 from US; n = 222 from Israel) who provided longitudinal data between April–September 2020. We used latent growth mixture modelling to identify anxiety trajectories and ran multivariate regression models to compare characteristics between trajectory classes. A four‐class model best fit the data, including a resilient trajectory (stable low anxiety) the most common (n = 961, 75.08%), and chronic anxiety (n = 149, 11.64%), recovery (n = 96, 7.50%) and delayed anxiety (n = 74, 5.78%) trajectories. Resilient participants were older, not living alone, with higher income, more education, and reported fewer COVID‐19 worries and better sleep quality. Higher resilience factors' scores, specifically greater emotion regulation and lower conflict relationships, also uniquely distinguished the resilient trajectory. Results are consistent with the pre‐pandemic resilience literature suggesting that most individuals show stable mental health in the face of stressful events. Findings can inform preventative interventions for improved mental health.
Influence of Press‐Hardening in Combination with Quenching and Partitioning Treatment on the Microstructure of Medium Manganese Steel
Authors: Blankart Charline , Emmrich Robin , Bähren Lars , Krupp Ulrich
Published: February 2023

Press‐hardening of manganese–boron steels is one of the most efficient production processes for high‐strength automotive components. However, the residual formability of these sheet components is greatly limited by the formation of fully martensitic microstructure. Herein, to extend the application of press‐hardened components also to impact energy‐absorptive parts of the vehicle body, the potential of press‐hardening of a medium manganese steel in combination with a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatment is analyzed. Therefore, selected heat treatments from prior dilatometer investigations are reproduced in a laboratory‐scale press‐hardening system equipped with a heated hat‐shaped tool. Instead of a complete martensitic microstructure, the Q&P process leads to a multiphase microstructure consisting of fresh and tempered martensite as well as retained austenite with different carbon content each. Since depending on the phase fractions also strongly different mechanical properties are expected, not only the qualitative distinction but also the quantitative determination of the martensitic phases is of extraordinary importance. Herein, it is shown that using phase maps combined with grain‐average band slope of electron backscatter diffraction measurements is a suitable method to distinguish quantitatively fresh and tempered martensite. Validation of the differentiation method is performed using electron‐probe microanalysis.
Chirality: An inescapable concept for the pharmaceutical, bio‐pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries
Authors: Kandula Jony Susanna , Rayala VVS Prasanna Kumari , Pullapanthula Radhakrishnanand
Published: February 2023

Chirality resides in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, bio‐pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Drugs used in treating various disease conditions, the majority of the plant secondary metabolites, various chemicals used in cosmetics, and distinct flavoring agents used in food industries exhibit chirality. In this context, there is an obligation to extend the analysis to chiral aspects. Attempts have been made to summarize the systematic, successful approaches for enantiomeric production via both enantio‐selective synthesis and the resolution of enantiomers using various analytical techniques including crystallization, chiral chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, kinetic resolution mediated by enzymes. Efforts have also been made to describe the regulatory guidance regarding bridging studies in the milieu of chiral switching. The majority of the monoclonal antibodies, growth factors, blood components, deoxyribonucleic acids, enzymes, and even vaccines for various diseases like cancer, polio, malaria, tetanus, hepatitis B, cholera, diphtheria bind differently to the receptors because the majority of drug binding and antibody binding receptors are also exhibiting chirality. Recent advancements in the various analytical techniques involved in the chiral analysis of food to preserve the authenticity of distinct flavors and cosmetics to identify safer enantiomers and reduce side effects both to humans and the environment are described.
Universelle Hochleistungsstützen aus hochfesten Stählen ohne Schweißen
Authors: Nonn Jonas , Janiak Till , Jalaeeyan Asieh , Wolters Kevin , Feldmann Markus , Zehfuß Jochen , Claßen Martin
Published: February 2023

In den letzten Jahren werden Stahlverbundstützen aus normalfesten Stählen in der Baupraxis immer seltener eingesetzt. Grund für den Marktverlust ist u. a. die Preis‐ und Technologieentwicklung der konkurrierenden Stahlbeton‐Fertigteilbauweise. So wird erst durch den Einsatz hochfester Baustähle die Stahlbauweise für den Stützenmarkt im Hochbau wieder relevant. In Deutschland allerdings stehen der Verwendung höchstfester Baustähle derzeit große Hindernisse in Form von normativen Regelungen entgegen, die die Anwendung in Stahlverbundstützen praktisch ausschließen. Allerdings haben Hohlprofil‐Verbundstützen mit eingestellten Vollkernquerschnitten unter Verwendung von höchstfesten Stählen ohne Schweißverbindungen das Potenzial, Marktanteile im Hochbau zurückzugewinnen. Im Rahmen eines von der AiF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen) geförderten Forschungsprojekts wird diese Thematik experimentell und theoretisch untersucht. Der vorliegende Aufsatz soll das Konzept solcher neuartigen Verbundstützen mit hochfesten Stählen aufzeigen und erste Einsichten in die experimentellen Forschungsergebnisse geben. Neben Stützenversuchen im Kalt‐ und Heißfall werden Kleinteilversuche durchgeführt, um verschiedene Einflussfaktoren zu untersuchen und die Grundlagen für neue und zugleich einfache Entwurfs‐ und Konstruktionsprinzipien zu schaffen.
Oxygen‐vacancy‐containing cerium oxide nanoparticle‐decorated nanonetwork‐structured carbon toward high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Chuanfa , Ma Pengwei , Lin Shenghao , Cen Zongheng , Huang Junlong , Cui Yin , Li Shimei , Liu Shaohong , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai
Published: February 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been regarded as promising next‐generation energy‐storage devices owing to their inherently high theoretical energy density. Unfortunately, the poor capacity and cycling life caused by severe polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics in sulfur cathodes greatly impede the practical application of Li–S batteries. Herein, a new class of nanonetwork‐structured carbon decorated with oxygen‐vacancy‐containing cerium oxide nanoparticles (NSC–CeO2−x), in which carbon skeleton is composed of highly conductive carbon nanotube core welded by hybrid carbon shell, has been developed via one‐step heating treatment of hybrid molecular brush and further employed as functional interlayer to modify separator of Li–S battery. Owing to the synergistic effect of the highly active CeO2−x nanoparticles and the three‐dimensional carbon nanonetwork in enhancing the preservation of the soluble polysulfides and boosting the redox kinetics of sulfur species, the NSC–CeO2−x significantly promotes the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathode. As a result, the as‐constructed Li–S batteries exhibit an ultrahigh initial sulfur utilization of 92.9% and an extremely large capacity of 751 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 5 C. Remarkably, a stable capacity of 728 mA h g−1 over 300 cycles at 1 C is also achieved.
Optimization of beam parameters for coupling beam pile structure foundations under vertical loading
Authors: Yousheng Deng , Keqin Zhang , Wenjie Li , Qian Song , Erli Ma
Published: February 2023

The coupling beam pile structure is a new type of foundation for high‐rise buildings that can be easily constructed. The vertical load‐bearing characteristics of the coupling beam pile structure are examined using indoor model tests and numerical calculations to optimize the beam structure's parameters. The validity of the finite element model is then confirmed, and the beam structure's width, length, and stiffness are changed to examine their effects on the load‐bearing capacity. The results show that the load–settlement curve of the structure varies slightly, with a 45.10% increase in load‐carrying capacity compared to a pile group foundation for the same load, and that the coupling beam can support heavier loads while also distributing the tension of the loads. The width and length of the coupling beam are proportional to the load‐carrying capacity of the structure. The width of the coupling beam should be kept at 3.5 times the pile diameter since any wider width results in the “wall group effect,” which reduces the foundation's ability to support the weight. The coupling beam's short length, which should be kept above 4.5 times the pile diameter, can aid in reducing the “pile group effect.” The coupling beam stiffness can be changed according to the scenario in practice; there is no upper limit. The coupling beam stiffness is 5 times the reference value when it has the strongest force transmission capacity but has essentially little impact on the structure's load‐carrying capacity.
Single‐phase Synchronous Inverter with Overcurrent Protection using Current Controller with Latched Limit Strategy
Authors: Sekizaki Shinya , Yorino Naoto , Sasaki Yutaka , Zoka Yoshifumi , Shimizu Toshihisa , Nishizaki Ichiro
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a controller for single‐phase synchronous inverters (SSIs) that was designed to stabilize the performance of a grid while providing overcurrent protection during the occurrence of a fault. The proposed controller for an SSI eliminates the multiple feedback control loops consisting of voltage and current controllers under normal conditions to avoid the instability attributed to them. To output the designed voltage precisely calculated using the core circuit, including a swing equation and speed governor, we employ the latched limit strategy for the overcurrent protection, which is combined with a proportional resonance current controller. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrated that the proposed controller provides the designed performance while ensuring overcurrent protection during normal operation. © 2023 The Authors.IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineeringpublished by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Potential use of foundry sand and furnace blast sand for fabrication of visibly active composite to promote circular economy/waste management for treating real agro‐industrial wastewater
Authors: Puri Sonali , Verma Anoop
Published: February 2023

A two‐step process of coagulation/flocculation followed by a simultaneous dual process (photocatalysis + photo‐Fenton) is developed to treat real pulp and paper (P and P) industry wastewater. The rigid stout color wastewater was treated using a sunlight‐responsive and cost‐effective Fe‐TiO2 composite using recirculating photoreactor with a total working volume of 4 L. The key point of this study is that the treatment is done in very less time (90 min), and it incorporates the idea of circular economy, as the composite is fabricated out of industrial rejects. The further intensification of the process was done by proper process optimization of both approaches. With an initial concentration of stout color (0.78 AU) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (2200 mg/L), the optimized conditions gave a good reduction in % color and % COD, that is, 64.1% and 41.8% (1280 mg/L) after coagulation/flocculation and 89.74% and 53.12% (600 mg/L) after dual, respectively. The composite was characterized by using various techniques like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to check the catalyst composition, complexes formed between Fe‐TiO2, and the catalyst intactness in both fresh and 50 times recycled composite. A trapping study was also performed using various quenchers to confirm that OH• plays a major role in the present study among other radicals produced where 55–60% drop in color removal was seen. In order to foresee the commercial use of this study, the process' cost was also estimated.

Practitioner points

Industrial waste products were used to fabricate inert support that promoted the idea of circular economy/waste management.

Iron from the waste used to execute photo‐Fenton process along with forming Fe‐TiO2 complex to make it visibly active composite.

Enhanced production of OH radicals facilitated removal of stout color and COD from the real pulp and paper industry wastewater in just 90 min.

Coagulation/flocculation followed by dual technique proved to be the best approach out of three different approaches applied.

Composite showed excellent durability even after 50 recycles.
Asymptotic property for eigenelements of the Laplace operator in a domain with an oscillating boundary
Authors: Jaouabi Ahlem , Khelifi Abdessatar
Published: February 2023

This work deals with the variations of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the Laplace operator in a bounded domain of with Dirichlet boundary conditions, a part of which boundary, depending on a small parameter ε, is rapidly oscillating. By using surface potentials we show that the eigenvalues are exactly built with the characteristic values of meromorphic operator‐valued functions that are of Fredholm type with index 0. Then, we proceed from the generalized Rouché's theorem to study the splitting problem.
Weak asymptotic solution of one dimensional zero pressure dynamics system in the quarter plane
Authors: Joseph Kayyunnapara Divya
Published: February 2023

In this paper we study a system of equations which appear in the modelling of many physical phenomena. Initially this system appeared in description of the large scale structure formation. Recently it is derived as a second order queueing model. We construct weakly asymptotic solutions of the initial boundary value problem for the system and interaction of waves in the quarter plane with boundary Riemann solution centered at (0,0) and Riemann solution centered at a point .
Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to J/ψ plus ηc production at the B factories
Authors: Huang Xu-Dong , Gong Bin , Wang Jian-Xiong
Published: February 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we calculate the next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to e+e− → J/ψ + ηc at the B factories. After including the NNLO corrections, the cross section of e+e−→ J/ψ +ηc is enhanced by about 17%, and the perturbative series of the prediction shows the convergent behavior. It is also found that the contributions from bottom quark starts at the $$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

-order, which is about 2.4% of the total prediction. The renormalization scale μR dependence of the cross section is reduced at the NNLO level, but the prediction is sensitive to the charm quark mass mc. By considering the uncertainties caused by renormalization scale μR, charm quark mass mc and the NRQCD factorization scale μΛ, our prediction shows agreement with the BABAR and BELLE measurements within errors.
Pohozaev identity for Finsler anisotropic problems
Authors: Montoro Luigi , Sciunzi Berardino
Published: February 2023

In this paper we derive the Pohozaev identity for quasilinear equations $$\begin{aligned} -{\text {div}}(B'(H(\nabla u))\nabla H(\nabla u))=g(x, u) \quad \text{ in }\,\, \Omega , \quad \quad {(E)} \end{aligned}$$

-
div
(

B
′

(
H

(
∇
u
)

)

∇
H

(
∇
u
)

)
=
g

(
x
,
u
)

in

Ω
,

(
E
)

involving the anisotropic Finsler operator $$-{\text {div}}(B'(H(\nabla u))\nabla H(\nabla u))$$

-
div
(

B
′

(
H

(
∇
u
)

)

∇
H

(
∇
u
)

)

. In particular, by means of fine regularity results on the vectorial field $$B'(H(\nabla u))\nabla H(\nabla u)$$

B
′

(
H

(
∇
u
)

)

∇
H

(
∇
u
)

, we prove the identity for weak solutions and in a direct way.