bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro fibroblast cells culture from Pelung chicken embryo and its potential application
Authors: Herawati E , Wulandari H , Listyawati S , Etikawati N
Published: January 2021

The availability of in vitro cell culture derived from local breed provides an opportunity for tackling problems related to the preservation of its genetic materials and can potentially be applied for downstream in vitro-based studies. Here, we established primary fibroblast cell culture from Pelung chicken, then explored its growth characteristic and potential uses for wound healing assay and cytotoxicity tests of medicinal bioactive compounds. Fibroblast cells were isolated from embryonic skin tissue and maintained in DMEM-FBS media. Wound healing assay was performed by creating a “scratch” in the cell monolayer, followed by capturing periodic images of migrating cells. Cell viability was measured using trypan blue dye exclusion assay in various doses of Centella asiatica L. leaf extract. Cells outgrowth from the skin explant revealed a typical morphology of fibroblast-like cells that reached maximum growth at 7.95 × 104 cells/cm2 after 5 days. With continuous passage, the population of the cells became more homogeneous and population doubling time increased. In the wound healing assay, cells migrated towards the wound area within 24 hours, suggesting their ability to normally respond to chemical cues. In cytotoxicity test, cells’ viability corresponded in a dose-dependent manner with the amount of C. asiatica extract tested into the culture.
Managing ecotourism in Genilangit based on a stimulus of religious ecology in order to adapt to climate change
Authors: Lestari E , Sugihardjo  , Wibowo A
Published: January 2021

Climate change has created a sense of global kinship and increased levels of religiosity. Environmental management is essentially based on two factors, namely reducing environmental risk and increasing environmental benefit. This article describes the sustainability of ecotourism developments, the development of ecotourism in Genilangit based on participation, the management of ecotourism in Genilangit based on a stimulus of religious ecology, and the strategies of the mountainside community for adapting to climate change. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study, which aims to gain a deep understanding of the attitudes and behaviour of the community with regard to religious ecology in developing ecotourism. The results of the research show that ecotourism in Genilangit is “Green and Fair” in its concern for sustainable development and conservation, in aspects of economic sustainability, social sustainability, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism in Genilangit is community based, and the principle of religious ecology is always implemented as the basis for managing ecotourism which is adaptive to climate change. The success of the Genilangit community in adapting to climate change is due to their social and cultural adaptations which are implemented within a framework of religious ecology.
Evaluation of dietary beta-agonist on production performance and carcass of beef cattle: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ridla M , Laconi E B , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the use of beta-agonist on beef cattle by integrating data from various experiments and analyzing the data by a meta-analysis method. A total of 42 articles were used to build a database in which the articles reported dietary addition of beta-agonist on performance and carcass of beef cattle. Treatments were grouped into control (without beta-agonist) and with beta-agonist addition. The treatments were considered as fixed effects whereas different experiments were considered as random effects. Model statistics used was P-value in order to distinguish between the two groups, and the P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results showed that dietary beta-agonist addition increased average daily gain and gain to feed ratio of beef cattle (P<0.001). Beta-agonist elevated hot carcass weight (P<0.001) and dressing percentage (P<0.01), but had no effect on fat thickness. Longissimus muscle area increased (P<0.001) while marbling score decreased (P<0.05) due to the addition of beta-agonist. The additive positively influenced Warner-Bratzler shear force of carcass (P<0.001) but had no effect on its pH value. In conclusion, beta-agonist favourably affects production performance and carcass property of beef cattle.
Rice strain selection for Mentik Wangi variety M3 generation resulting from 200 gray gamma irradiation
Authors: Hafsyari S K , Purwanto E , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Mentik Wangi rice is a local variety that is quite popular with the people of Magelang. Mentik Wangi rice has a distinctive aroma and has a fluffier texture. The disadvantage of Mentik Wangi rice is the potential for lower production and the plants are too high. There is an effort done to overcome that problem were planted mutation through the utilization of gamma-ray irradiation. The aim of this research is to select M3 generation mutant rice resulting from 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation which has a short stems and has higher productivity and determine the performance of M3 generation mutant rice resulting from 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation. The observational data were analyzed descriptively and compared the performance of the Mentik Wangi M3 rice plants as a result of 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation with control plants through T-test analysis. The results showed that the performance of the M3 generation of Mentik Wangi rice was better than control plants, there were several strains with potential mutants traits based on the positive character of each individual. There are 24 Mentik Wangi M3 generation rice plants resulting from 200 gray gamma-ray irradiation plants which are selected based on short stem and have a high productivity.
Simulating allele frequency changes in Indonesian goat crossbreeding scenarios
Authors: Prastowo S , Widowati I F I , Nuraini D M , Widyas N
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed to predict heterozygosity related to body weight (BW) trait from simulation of allele frequency changes in five crossbreeding scenario of Indonesian goat breed, namely Indonesian goat called Jawarandu (Etawah grade ♂ >< Kacang ♀), Boer (Boer ♂ >< Boer ♀), Boerja F1 (Boer ♂ >< Jawarandu ♀), Boerja F2 (Boer ♂ >< Boerja F1♀) and Boerja F3 (Boer ♂ >< Boerja F2 ♀). Allele frequency simulation was conducted, the heterozygosity were estimated and the associations to observed BW were measured from corresponding goat samples. BW (kg) data was retrieved from 1.5-year-old goats from the studied samples. In this study, allele that control BW trait was coded as “B” for high and “b” for low BW. The initial allele frequencies in Jawarandu were set as (B=0.45; b=0.55) and in Boer were (B=0.7; b=0.3). The simulation resulted in allele frequency in Boerja F1 were (B=0.57; b=0.43), F2 (B=0.64; b=0.36) and F3 (B=0.67; b=0.33). The estimated heterozygosity values were 0.54 0.42; 0.52; 0.47 and 0.44 in Jawarandu, Boer, F1, F2 and F3 respectively. Whereas the respective average of observed BW was 30.50±4.50; 49.50±5.90; 41.80±4.10; 41.60±3.60; and 39.80±3.20 kg. We confirmed that crossbreeding changes the heterozygosity in our simulation study.
Reproductive performance comparison between natural and artificial service in Jawarandu goat
Authors: Nuraini D M , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed to compare reproductive performance of Jawarandu goat serviced naturally and artificially. In total 433 Jawarandu does were randomly allocated into two groups namely Natural Mating (NM; n=233) and Artificial Insemination (AI; n=200). In this study, reproductive performance was measured in percentage of pregnancy, litter size, and kid born single, twin and triplet. Between groups, data were compared using t-test at α = 5%. NM group was performed in mating pen, and per Boer buck was colonized with 20-25 does for 45 days, followed with pregnancy check using ultrasonography at day 45 post insemination. In AI group, oestrous signs were observed in morning and evening, while insemination was done maximum 12 hours after sign of oestrous. The percentage of pregnancy in NM was higher (p<0.05) compared to AI (73.39 vs 21.00%), litter size (1.37±0.49 vs 1.35±0.56; p>0.05). Similarly, in percentage of kid born single, twin and triplet, no differences were found in both groups (63.35 vs 64.86; 36.02 vs 35.14; and 0.62 vs 0%; respectively). All in all, natural service gives better reproductive performance compared to the artificial one. Its suggested due to factors related to the ability to determine the right time for service.
Selection of M5 short-stemmed mutants from 200 gray gamma ray irradiation in Mentik Wangi rice
Authors: Qoni’ah S A , Parjanto  , Yunus A
Published: January 2021

Mentik Wangi rice is native to Indonesia, it has an oval round shape of rice, yellow brown rice, and fragrant aroma. Mentik Wangi has a weakness that is relatively long harvest time, the plant is too high so it easily fell. This research aims to determine the performance of M5 generation of mutant rice and to select M5 generation of mutant plants resulted from 200 gray gamma irradiation which has short stems with high productivity. The research was carried out by planting 36 genotypes, namely 35 M4 lines of 200 gray gamma ray irradiation and control plant (without irradiation). Observation data were analyzed descriptively and t test to determine differences in M5 generation of Mentik Wangi rice from 200 gray gamma ray irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). Based on the research results that Mentik Wangi rice plants with gamma ray irradiation 200 Gray have better performance compared to control plants (without irradiation) and there are 28 individuals M5 Mentik Wangi rice mutants selected by short-stemmed plants and have high productivity.
Genetic variability of Phaius and Dendrobium orchids based on molecular markers
Authors: Yuhanna W L , Hartati S , Sugiyarto  , Marsusi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to assess the diversity and degree of grouping of several types of orchids in Indonesia. Laboratory work was carried out at the Laboratory of the Center for Horticulture and Tropical Studies IPB by analyzing the variability of orchids using RAPD. Plant material is taken from the orchid collection at the Bogor Botanical Gardens. The relationship between 9 orchids was analyzed using binary phenotype data and DNA band patterns as assessed by amplification of 2 random RAPD primers. The cluster analysis was carried out under the NTSYSpc version 2.02 program and the UPGMA SimQual function. The results showed genetic diversity of the genus Phaius and Dendrobium. Based on primers OPA7 and OPA9 with a similarity coefficient of 0.4 divided into 4 groups. Group I consisted of Phaius tankervilliae, Phaius montanus and Phaius callosus. Group II consisted of Dendrobium mirbelianum, Dendrobium lamellatum, Dendrobium liniale and Dendrobium biggibum. Group III consists of Dendrobium anosmum. Group IV consisted of Phaius ambionensis. The conclusion of this study is that there are 4 groups from the genus Phaius and Dendrobium based on the genetic marker RAPD.
Revisiting the application of classical formulas to estimate Bali cattle’s body weight based on body measurement variables
Authors: Widyas N , Pradista L A , Setiaji R , Hapsari R D , Prastowo S
Published: January 2021

Predicting cattle’s body weight is a common practice considering various reasons. This paper revisits four classical formulas commonly found in papers published by Indonesian researchers in predicting cattle’s body weight based on their body measurements namely Schoorl, Winter, Smith and Lambourne models. Data on body weight (BW) and body measurements (Chest Girth=CG and Body Length=BL) of 118 male and 106 female Bali cattle (2-3 yo) were collected from Bali cattle Breeding Center. The estimates from the prediction formulas were compared to the actual body weight. We run 10-folds cross validation procedure to obtain the predictive ability parameters. The mean BW, CG and BL for male cattle were 199.19±51.51 Kg; 144.55±13.43 cm and 107.86±9.30 cm; whereas for females were 161.34±34.35 Kg; 134.25±10.26 cm and 101.48±3.60 cm respectively. All four formulas have the accuracy between 84.90 to maximum of 89.68% in both male and female cattle groups. RMSE were considerably high in both male group (17.64 – 45.31) and female group (11.52 – 26.61). Although the correlations between actual and predicted BW are high, further study need to be done to determine whether the utilization of these predicted values as a response variable will introduce enough bias to affect the results of a research.
Medicinal plant utilization for hypercholesterolemia by traditional healers in Java island
Authors: Rahmawati N , Mustofa F I , Haryanti S , Mujahid R
Published: January 2021

This ethnomedicinal study aimed to reveal the medicinal plant utilization as traditional medicine for preventing as well as treating hypercholesterolemia by traditional healers in Java Island including Banten, Yogyakarta, DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java and Central Java Province of Indonesia. Data was collected based on purposive random sampling among five selected traditional healers in each ethnic in 2015. The results exhibited as of 38 medicinal plant species distributed in 24 families showed to have a pharmacological effect on treating hypercholesterolemia whereas Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. and Zingiberaceae were identified as the most prominent medicinal plant and family used by traditional healers. The most frequent plant part used was leaves (34.5%) followed by rhizomes (17.3%), fruits (12.7%), and others. Most medicinal plants were gained from house yard (37.6%) with planting efforts as of 45.9%. The most prescribed method by traditional healers was by drinking the formula (97.2%) as many as two times a day (59.63%). The study clearly demonstrated whether traditional healers had a pivotal role in overcoming ailments and disease especially hypercholesterolemia in Java Island.
The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on rice market performance in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nasir M A , Jamhari  , Mulyo J H
Published: January 2021

Applying the multivariate cointegration tests with daily prices during the period August 15, 2019, to August 11, 2020 (250 data), this paper examines whether prices in the rice deficit market (Jakarta) are co-integrated with prices in surplus markets (Semarang and Surabaya). Research data is the average daily price in traditional markets in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya. The main focus is on the effect of implementing various programs and policies relating to controlling the spread of COVID-19 to the integration of the rice market in Java. On March 02, 2020, the first two COVID-19 cases in Indonesia were confirmed as a dummy variable that we use regarding controlling borders between regions and restricting the movement of goods. The cointegration tests find that the domestic rice prices of Jakarta - Semarang and Jakarta - Surabaya are integrated both in short-run and long-run periods. In the short term, programs and policies relating to controlling the spread of COVID-19 do not affect the integration of Java’s rice market. One reason is that during the pandemic, the rice supply chain’s performance was still protected by the government to maintain the stability of rice supply for the citizens.
Chili farmers’ behavior in developing chili agribusiness in Central Java
Authors: Suminah  , Padmaningrum D , Widiyanti E , Utami B W , Ihsaniyati H
Published: January 2021

Chili production decreases continuously in Central Java today. Similarly, chili’s selling price is fluctuating. Farmers as one of chili agribusiness development actors have a very large potency to develop, so that a study should be conducted on farmers’ behavior in developing chili agribusiness development as the foundation to conduct empowerment. This research aimed to describe a) chili farmers’ characteristics, and (b) empowerment program conducted, and (c) to analyze factors affecting farmers’ skill of developing chili agribusiness in Central Java. Techniques of collecting data used were interview and field observation. The data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively with multiple regression. The result of research showed that the farmers are 49.7 years old on average, graduated from Senior High School, 46.6% of which have not attended yet non-formal education such as extension and training program related to chili agribusiness, and have less than 0.5 ha-wide area, 13.06 years’ experience with chili cultivation, 53.3% of which are less skillful in developing chili agribusiness. The conclusion indicated that non-formal education and year of experience with farming affected chili farmers’ behavior and skill positively and significantly, while age, formal education, and land width did not affect chili farmers’ skill significantly in chili agribusiness development.
Mercury pollution in water and its effect on renal function of school age children in gold mining area Sekotong West Lombok
Authors: Ekawanti A , Priyambodo S , Kadriyan H , Syamsun A , Lestarini I A , Wirasaka G , Ardianti A R
Published: January 2021

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has affected environment, since gold processing released mercury into the environment. Contaminated water was used as drinking water and affected human body. Kidney is one of affected organ by mercury, where children population is vulnerable for poisioned. The objective of this research was to find out mercury pollution in drinking water and its effect on renal function of children in ASGM area Sekotong in West Lombok. This preliminary study design was cross sectional. Sample of drinking water collected from various sources in Taman Sari and Telaga Lebur village. Mercury was assessed by using AAS. Renal function was evaluated from urine sample by using dipstick kit to perform proteinuria. Correlation between contaminated water consumption and renal function was statistically analyzed by Spearman’s test. Mercury level found in water samples taken from well was 4.009 ppb, while from wellspring was 0.724 ppb and 0 ppb from pipe. From 15s samples, 12s samples higher than mercury threshold for drinking water. Two of 30s school age children had positive proteinuria. Spearman’s test showed P-value of 0.000. It concluded that drinking water in ASGM Sekotong West Lombok has been contaminated by mercury and affected kidney function of school-age children.
Increasing nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility of mixed feed oil palm waste for ruminant feed by solid-state fermentation technology
Authors: Rofiq M N , Martono S , Gopar R A
Published: January 2021

Palm oil cake (BS) and Solid ex decanter (SD) are feed ingredients produced from palm oil processing which is available in large quantities. BS and SD have high protein content could be used as ruminant feed but have high fat content could be decreased rumen metabolism. Therefore. solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology is one way to overcome this problem. This study aims to improve the nutritional quality and digestibility of mixed feed palm oil cake and solid ex decanter (BS/SD) which is fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus (RO) mushroom. Application SSF technology for different combination of mixed feed BS/SD (70/30, 50/50 and 30/70) was carried out for 6 days which was then analyzed on the quality of the proximate. fiber fractions and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) value (daisy incubator ANKOM Technology). The result showed that the mixed feed BS/SD 50/50 was the best combination with Rhizopus oligosporus inoculum with doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%. Hence, this SSF technology was effective process for increasing protein content and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) 60% - 67.26% with combination BS/SD 50/50 and RO inoculum with doses 0.2 and 0.4 percent.
The growth and yield of hybrid corn on different plant spacing
Authors: Khubna M , Supriyono  , Nyoto S , Budiastuti M T S
Published: January 2021

Plant spacing affects the number of plants, the process of receiving sunlight, water and nutrients which also affect the process of photosynthesis and assimilation between plants. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of different plant spacing and to evaluate plant spacing that could increase the growth and yield of hybrid corn. This research was conducted in UNS experimental field Jumantono, Karanganyar from June-November 2019. Design utilization was experimental method with Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) of 1 factor, consist of 4 levels, the treatment was 60 cm × 30 cm (J1); 60 cm × 40 cm (J2); 60 cm × 50 cm (J3); and 60 cm × 60 cm (J4). There was replicated 6 times. The result showed that plant spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm has increase on cob weight with husk, cob weight without husk, number of cobs per plant and grain yield per plant compared with plant spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm. The plant spacing treatment of 60 cm × 60 cm can improve quality of yield per crop but have not been able to increase the quantity of hybrid corn yield.
Effect of spacing on growth and yield of Sangga Sembalun garlic variety of Sembalun Higland West Lombok
Authors: Hadiawati L , Nazam M
Published: January 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of local garlic (Allium sativum sativum) variety named Sangga Sembalun from Sembalun Higland of West Lombok District, Indonesia, from June 2018 to March 2019. The on-farm experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) for three plant spacing treatments; 12 cm × 12 cm (T1), 12 cm × 10 cm (T2), and 10 cm × 10 cm (T3) with nine replications in 10 m2 plot size for each. The results showed that there was no significant difference on effect of spacing on plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content, bulb weight, bulb size (length and diameter), cloves number, and cloves weight. However, plot yield of T3 (4.84 kg m-2) was higher than T2 (3.71 kg m-2) and T1 (3.77 kg m-2) due to significant increase in population which was, in average, 153, 107, and 90 plant per m2 for T3, T2, and T1 respectively. Moreover, weight lost from fresh to dry yield was lower in T3 (55.32%) than T1 (58.13%). Weight lost in T3 was consistently the lowest at 4.35% after six months storage to produce seed bulb.
Fern plant (Pteris vittata) as a phytoremediator of arsenic heavy metal and its effect to the growth and quality of Kale (Ipomea reptans Poir)
Authors: Setyawan H B , Yulianto R , Santoso W D , Suryandari N
Published: January 2021

Kale (Ipomea reptans Poir) has high nutrition such as vitamin A, B and C as well as various minerals especially iron. Quality of animal feed must be clean from diseases and heavy metal contamination such as Arsenic. Arsenic in the soil can be reduced naturally using phytoremediator plants, one of which is Pteris vittata. The experiment was conducted at the Antirogo Green House, Sumbersari Distric, Jember Regency. Arsenic metal analysis was conducted in BARISTAND, Surabaya and BALITTANAH, Bogor on June 2019 to January 2020. The experimental design used Factorial Complete Random Design consist of 2 factors. The first factor consists of 4 levels of heavy metal arsenic treatment on the fern plant growth media, namely was 0 ppm (D1), 5 ppm (D2), 10 ppm (D3) and 15 ppm (D4). The second factor consists of 2 levels of treatment time of fern: 1 month (P1) and 2 weeks (P2). Each of treatment repeated 4 times. The results showed that the interaction between planting time of fern and arsenic dosage showed no significant effect. The absorption power of ferns reaches 0.27 ppm to 4.589 ppm higher compared to the scale absorptions reaching 0,006 ppm to 0.155 ppm.
Identification of growth hormone gene polymorphism and its association with body weight in PO Kebumen cattle
Authors: Soewandi B D P , Hartati  , Hapsari A A R
Published: January 2021

PO-Kebumen cattle was one of local genetic resources that famous with good body performance and high growth rate. The aim of this research was to detect growth hormone (GHR, GH and Pit-1) polymorphism and its association with body weight performance of PO-Kebumen cattle. The sample used in this research was 69 heads PO-Kebumen cattle belongs to the farmers of PO-Kebumen Cattle Farmer Association (ASPOKEB). This research observed the growth of PO Kebumen cattle, birth weight, weaning weight and the weight at one year. The parameters observed were birth weight, weaning weight and the weight at one year. The DNA extraction was carried out using blood samples. After DNA extraction, PCR-RFLP method was used to observe the genotype of three growth gene (GH, GHR and Pit1). The results showed that the GH and GHR genes were polymorphic, meanwhile Pit1 gene was monomorphic. The analysis showed that the three growth genes were not significantly associated to body weight (birth weight, weaning weight and the weight at one year) on PO-Kebumen cattle.
Application ZnSO4 on tomato growth under drought stress conditions
Authors: Sakya A T , Sulistyaningsih E , Purwanto B H , Indradewa D
Published: January 2021

An alternative that can be used to reduce the impact of drought stress is the addition of micro-nutrients, one of which is Zn. Zn application on several plants has been done and showed an increase in the ability of plants to deal with drought stress. However, the application of Zn in drought tomatoes has not been well investigated. Therefore, the research aims to study the application of ZnSO4 on root and shoot growth of drought tomatoes. The study used two factors, namely cultivar (‘Tyrana F1’ and ‘Permata F1’) and ZnSO4 doses (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Zn kg-1 soil). The treatments were arranged in factorial based randomized complete block design. Drought conditions are applied by watering through once every eight days. The results showed a different response in a total root length in both cultivars within the ZnSO4 application. ZnSO4 application increased root dry weight; however, there is a no different response in the shoot growth of tomato under drought stress. Root dry weight increased 36.8-62.5% on application 20-40 mg kg-1 ZnSO4 under drought condition.
Responses of four varieties of carrot plant (Daucus carota L.) grown in medium latitude to different dosages of fertilization
Authors: Nikmatullah A , Zawani K , Muslim K , Sarjan M
Published: January 2021

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of different rates of NPK fertilization on growth and yield of carrot plants in medium latitude. The experiment was undertaken in Setiling Village, Central Lombok (at ca. 650 m amsl) and arranged according to a RCBD two factors: variety (v) and dosages of NPK fertilization (n). The first factor were four carrot varieties: Gundaling (v1), Kirana (v2), New Nantes (v3) and New Kuroda (v4), while the second factor were four dosages of NPK fertilization: 50 kg/ha (r1), 100 kg/ha (r2), 200 kg/ha (r3) and 400 kg/ha (r4). The results showed that there was no interaction between carrot varieties and rate of NPK fertilization on influencing growth and yield of carrot in medium latitude. However, growth and yield of carrot in medium latitude were significantly influenced by variety and rate of NPK fertilization, as shown by differences in the ratio of above and below ground biomass, tap-root weight, tap-root diameter and the ratio between cortex and stele. Accordingly the suitable variety for cultivation in the medium latitude was Gundaling variety (v1), with a higher growth and yield were obtained by NPK fertilization at rate of 200 kg/ha (n3).
Physical quality of local duck meat with addition of different vegetable oils in the ration
Authors: Hadi R F , Sudiyono  , Wati A K
Published: January 2021

The increasing need for meat can be done by optimizing the utilization of the potential of local livestock resources, one of which is local duck. This study aimed to determine the physical quality of duck meat with the addition of vegetable oil in the ration. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design in a unidirectional pattern with 4 treatments, each treatment consisting of 6 replications and each replication consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study include; P1: (96% basal ration + 4% palm oil); P2: (96% basal ration + 4% canola oil); P3: (96% basal ration + 4% coconut oil) and P4: (96% basal ration + 4% soybean oil). The observed variables were physical quality of meat. The data obtained were analyzed by variance analysis and the real difference test between treatments. The results showed that the use of vegetable oil was a significant effect (P<0.05) on the tenderness of duck meat but not significantly different (P>0.05) on cooking losses, pH, and water holding capacity. It can be concluded that the addition of vegetable oil in the ration affects the tenderness of duck meat but did not affect the cooking losses, pH, and water holding capacity.
New techniques for improving the quality of cotton yarn using natural dyes from teak leaves (Tectona grandis), ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa), and tender skin (Lannea coromandelica)
Authors: Rahayu S , Kurniawidi D W , Hudha L S , Alaa S
Published: January 2021

Sade village woven fabric is one of Lombok’s superior woven fabrics. The process of producing this woven fabric is traditional by using yarn spun from cotton. The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal strength of cotton yarn using natural dyes. Mordan stage and fixation using alum solution. The coloring stage uses teak leaves, ketapang leaves, and banten skin. All three ingredients are dissolved in water with concentrations 1:10, 1:8, and 1:5. In the mordan stage, 8 grams of alum is dissolved in 1 liter of water. While at the fixation stage, 50 grams of alum is dissolved in 1 liter of water. Teak leaves produce a dark brown color, ketapang leaves produce turmeric yellow color, and banten skin produces a brick red color. After going through the coloring process, the yarn is tested using Tensilon RTG. The result show that the yarn strength increase during the coloring process. In addition, differences in the concentration of the solution also affect the strength of the yarn produced. Solution with a concentration ratio of 1: 8 produces optimal tensile strength of 0.3450 cN/dtex on teak leaves, 0.3369 cN/dtex on ketapang leaves, and 0.2450 cN/dtex on banten skin.
Morphological characterization of natural orchids Phiaus spp
Authors: Hartati S , Indrawati A S , Sulistyo T D
Published: January 2021

Phaius spp. is an orchid plant that has a large plant size with dark and striking flower color which is an attraction for Phaius spp. Morphological characterization of orchids is needed for the preservation of germplasm and selecting a variety of natural orchid germplasm that has superior plant and hash surface properties to be used in crossing. The study aims to identify the quantitative morphological character of 5 species Phaius spp. The materials used were Sulawesi Phaius tankervilliae and P. indigoferus, Papua was P. montanus, and Bali P. amboinensis and P. callosus which were the collection of the Bogor Botanical Garden. The result showed that the dendogram based on similarity the five species in the similarity of 1.32 produces two groups, the first group consists of P. amboinensis, P. indigoferus, P. montanus. The second grup consist of P. callosus and P. tankervillae. Genotype P. amboinensis and P. indigoferus showed similiraity (87%) compared to the other genotypes and have opportunity to be used as parents for crossing.
The effect of agricultural credit policy and cattle-raising business input productivity on farmer household welfare
Authors: Umboh S J K , Kalangi J K J , deRosari B
Published: January 2021

This study examined the allocation of agricultural credits by farmer households and the effect of changes in agricultural credit policies and cattle-raising business input. The study was conducted in Kupang and East Central Timor (Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regencies, East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province, which is cattle production center and where the largest number of farmer households received agricultural credit in NTT. The data were analyzed using the 2-SLS method and the results were then validated and utilized using simulation models. In simulation 1, the agricultural credit increase was 25%, in simulation 2 the cattle-raising business input productivity increase was 20%, and simulation 3 was a combination between simulations 1 and 2. The study results revealed that in order to stimulate the increase in productivity and cattle-raising business production, it was not enough to provide agricultural credit, but it must be followed by improvements in the productivity of the cattle-raising business input such as improvements in the quality feeder calves, feed, and veterinary drugs. The policy implications are that agricultural credit is needed and it stimulates the use of better livestock-raising business input.
Karyotypic analysis of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Yuniastuti E , Primanita S E , Sukaya  , Delfianti M N I
Published: January 2021

Pigeon pea has great potential to be alternate source of plant protein. The potential of pigeon pea needs to be improved by plant breeding program. Genetic information are needed to improved plant breeding. This research aims to gain genetic information based on chromosome numbers, chromosome shape and chromosome length to visualize pigeon pea karyotypic. The research was conducted at Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Sebelas Maret University and Plant Breeding Laboratory Mendel Room Faculty of Agriculture Gadjah Mada University. This research had be done by making glass slides using squashing method include fixation use Carnoy 1 solution (3 absolute ethanol: 1 96% acetic acid), hydrolysis (1N HCl) and chromosome staining (aceto orcein 2%). The results showed that chromosome number of pigeon pea is 2n = 2x = 22 with chromosome length 5.73 ± 1.15 μm until 10.92 ± 2.69 μm. Shape of pigeon pea chromosomes are metacentric and submetacentric which are metacentric is dominant. Karyotypic formula of pigeon pea is 2n = 2x = 9 m + 2 sm. Intrachromosomal asymmetry index (As1%) of pigeon pea is 59% and Intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A2) value of pigeon pea is 0.34 ± 0.02.
Experimental Fresnel and Fourier digital holography using a digital micro-mirror device
Authors: Jaramillo-Osorio Alexis , Bustamante Santiago , Muñoz Brayan , Velez-Zea Alejandro , Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy , Torroba Roberto
Published: January 2021

We present an experimental off-axis optical holographic scheme employing a digital micromirror device (DMD) as projecting media instead of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). The DMD allows projecting information through light reflection. We perform holographic recording in the Fourier and the Fresnel domains under similar experimental configurations to test our experimental scheme and verify the DMD performance as a binary amplitude SLM. For the digital holographic recovery process of Fourier holograms, we applied a non-linear modification that allows reducing the degradation in the recovered data. We also implement a multiplexing protocol enabling the packaging of an entire holographic dynamic scene into a single data. Furthermore, we use QR codes as information containers to achieve noise-free information recovery after holographic reconstruction. Experimental results demonstrate the viability and versatility of a DMD in an experimental holographic scheme.
Enhanced asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized light based on all-dielectric stereometamaterial
Authors: Qin Chunhua , Dong Guohua , Qu Jia , Lv Tingting , Lv Bo , Li Yuxiang , Li Ping , Zhu Zheng , Liu Zhihai , Guan Chunying , Shi Jinhui
Published: January 2021

Reciprocal asymmetric transmission (AT) phenomenon has received much attention due to various polarization applications, however, high-efficiency AT still remains out of reach in the optical range. In order to improve AT of linearly polarized light, low-loss dielectric metamaterial with twisted resonators should be designed and investigated. The stereometamaterial is constructed by an array of bilayer 90° twisted H-shaped Ge dimers. Based on the transmission matrix, numerical simulation and multipolar resonances analysis, the polarization responses in all-dielectric stereometamaterial are characterized. The simulated results show that the AT parameter reaches up to 98% around 194 THz. In addition, the AT can be engineered via geometrical parameters. The proposed stereometamaterial also exhibits strong circular dichroism that is direction-independent. The multipole decomposition calculations can be utilized to understand the resonant mechanism.
Experimental generation of helical Mathieu–Gauss vector modes
Authors: Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Hu Xiao-Bo , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Hernandez-Aranda Raul I , Forbes Andrew , Perez-Garcia Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Vector modes represent the most general state of light in which the spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom are coupled in a non-separable way. Crucially, while polarisation is limited to a bi-dimensional space, the spatial degree of freedom can take any spatial profile. However, most generation and application techniques are mainly limited to spatial modes with polar cylindrical symmetry, such as Laguerre– and Bessel–Gauss modes. In this paper we put forward a novel class of vector modes whose spatial degree of freedom is encoded in the helical Mathieu–Gauss beams of the elliptical cylindrical coordinates. We first introduce these modes theoretically and outline their geometric representation on the higher-order Poincaré sphere. Later on, we demonstrate their experimental generation using a polarisation-insensitive technique comprising the use of a digital micromirror device. Finally, we provide a qualitative and a quantitative characterisation of the same using modern approaches based on quantum mechanics tools. It is worth mentioning that non-polar vector beams are highly desirable in various applications, such as optical trapping and optical communications.
Enhancement of strength mechanical and corrosion resistance of 7055 alloy with minor Sc and Y addition
Authors: Huang Kai , Feng Qin , Zhou Wenbiao , Ren Yuelu , Huang Liang , Xiang Jing , Tang Hongqun , Zhu Yutao , Wei Yuezhou
Published: January 2021

A new type of 7055-Y-Sc alloy with high strength and corrosion resistance was prepared. Eutectic Al3Y particles with sizes in the range of 500–600 nm were found in the as-cast structure of the 7055-Y-Sc alloys. The addition of Y significantly accelerated the precipitation of Al3Zr with L12 structure in Al–Zr–Y alloy, and the number density of Al3 (Zr, Y) precipitates was almost a grade higher than that of Al3Zr. In the process of aging at 120 ℃/12 h, the nano scale L12-type Al3 (Sc
x
Y
y
) phase nucleated uniformly within the Al matrix and nonuniformly on the dislocation. The grain size decreased from 100–200 um in 7055-Y-0Sc to 40–50 um in 7055-Y-0.25Sc, the percentage of Sc continued to increase, and the grain size remained unchanged or even increased, thereby decreasing the Vickers hardness of 7055-Y-Sc alloys from 196.4 HV to 187.9 HV. After aging, the hardness and tensile properties of 7055-Y-Sc alloy showed good performance. The effective Sc proportion of the 7055-Y-Sc alloy was 0.25%. Its tensile strength was 398.6 MPa. Its conductivity was 33.8% IACS. The current corrosion density was 6.7 × 10−8 A cm−2, its good strength, corrosion resistance and conductivity make the studied alloy to be a promising material.
Early prediction of diabetic type 2 based on fuzzy technique
Authors: Jabbar Shaima Ibraheem
Published: January 2021

Intelligent analysis of present lifestyle may help to understand the development of the chronic diseases and the relationship of these diseases together. It is possible to reduce or prevent the development of these diseases. In this work, a novel intelligent method is introduced and applied for early detection of type 2 diabetic. Intelligent analysis depends mainly on evaluation life-threatening conditions (obesity, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol drinking status and low level of physical activities) to extract knowledge from linguistic variablesand design a new cognitive tool to assist in the prediction process.This method consists from three stages: in the first stage, data was collected from 100 healthy volunteers, which includes evaluations of life-threatening conditions. The second stage is implementation of fuzzy model for early prediction of type 2 diabetes. Predicted blood glucose values of proposal technique were compared with average fasting blood glucose values based on analysis of Bland-Altman plot. Furthermore, fuzzy system model presents superior results (accuracy = 81%, precision = 0.57% and recall = 0.83%).
Diagnostic accuracy of dementia screening tools in the Chinese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 167 diagnostic studies
Authors: Huo Zhaohua , Lin Jiaer , Bat Baker K K , Chan Joyce Y C , Tsoi Kelvin K F , Yip Benjamin H K
Published: January 2021

Background

The rate of undetected dementia is high in China. However, the performance of dementia screening tools may differ in the Chinese population due to the lower education level and cultural diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dementia screening tools in the Chinese population.

Methods

Eleven electronic databases were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of dementia screening tools in older Chinese adults. The overall diagnostic accuracy was estimated using bivariate random-effects models, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was presented.

Results

One hundred sixty-seven studies including 81 screening tools were identified. Only 134 studies qualified for the meta-analysis. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was the most commonly studied tool, with a combined sensitivity (SENS) and specificity (SPEC) of 0.87 (95%CI 0.85–0.90) and 0.89 (95%CI 0.86–0.91), respectively. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) (SENS: 0.96, 95%CI 0.89–0.99; SPEC: 0.96, 95%CI 0.89–0.98) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (SENS: 0.93, 95%CI 0.88–0.96; SPEC: 0.90, 95%CI 0.86–0.93) showed the highest performance. The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG), Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument had performances comparable to that of the MMSE. The cut-off scores ranged widely across studies, especially for the MMSE (range: 15–27) and MoCA (range: 14–26).

Conclusions

A number of dementia screening tools were validated in the Chinese population after cultural and linguistical adaptations. The ACE-R and MoCA had the best diagnostic accuracy, whereas the GPCOG, with an administration time < 5 minutes, could be considered as a rapid screening tool.
Echinacea purpurea water extracts suppress the release of chemical mediators from mast cells
Authors: Zorig Anuu , Toko Rine , Sukhbold Enkhtsetseg , Takasugi Mikako , Arai Hirofumi
Published: January 2021

Histamine and leukotrienes (LTs), the chemical mediators released from mast cells, play an important role in type-I allergies such as hay fever. Echinacea purpurea (EP) has traditionally been used for herbal tea and has been reported to show biological functions. We evaluated the inhibitory activity of water extracts of EP petals, leaves, and stems against the chemical mediators released from mast cell lines. Petal and leaf extracts exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on histamine release from the stimulated cells, while the stem extract did not exert any effect. Activity of the petal extract was much stronger than that of the leaf extract. All the extracts significantly suppressed LTB4 production in the stimulated cells and displayed similar activities. The petal extract decreased Syk phosphorylation and Ca2+ influx associated with signal transduction in the stimulated cells. These results suggest that EP petal extract may have a relieving effect on allergic symptoms.
Microglial activation and blood–brain barrier permeability in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Walsh Jessica , Tozer Dan J , Sari Hasan , Hong Young T , Drazyk Anna , Williams Guy , Shah N Jon , O’Brien John T , Aigbirhio Franklin I , Rosenberg Gary , Fryer Tim D , Markus Hugh S
Published: January 2021

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. The underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood, but both neuroinflammation and increased blood–brain barrier permeability have been hypothesized to play a role, and preclinical studies suggest the two processes may be linked. We used PET magnetic resonance to simultaneously measure microglial activation using the translocator protein radioligand 11C-PK11195, and blood–brain barrier permeability using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. A case control design was used with two disease groups with sporadic SVD (n = 20), monogenic SVD (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, CADASIL), and normal controls (n = 20) were studied. Hotspots of increased glial activation and blood–brain barrier permeability were identified as values greater than the 95th percentile of the distribution in controls. In sporadic SVD there was an increase in the volume of hotspots of both 11C-PK11195 binding (P = 0.003) and blood–brain barrier permeability (P = 0.007) in the normal appearing white matter, in addition to increased mean blood–brain barrier permeability (P < 0.001). In CADASIL no increase in blood–brain barrier permeability was detected; there was a non-significant trend to increased 11C-PK11195 binding (P = 0.073). Hotspots of 11C-PK11195 binding and blood–brain barrier permeability were not spatially related. A panel of 93 blood biomarkers relating to cardiovascular disease, inflammation and endothelial activation were measured in each participant; principal component analysis was performed and the first component related to blood–brain barrier permeability and microglial activation. Within the sporadic SVD group both hotspot and mean volume blood–brain barrier permeability values in the normal appearing white matter were associated with dimension 1 (β  =  0.829, P = 0.017, and β  =  0.976, P = 0.003, respectively). There was no association with 11C-PK11195 binding. No associations with blood markers were found in the CADASIL group. In conclusion, in sporadic SVD both microglial activation and increased blood–brain barrier permeability occur, but these are spatially distinct processes. No evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability was found in CADASIL.