bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating future changes in the volume budget of the Arctic sea ice in a coupled climate model
Authors: Keen Ann , Blockley Ed
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present a method for analysing changes in the modelled volume budget of
the Arctic sea ice as the ice declines during the 21st century. We apply the
method to the CMIP5 global coupled model HadGEM2-ES to evaluate how the
budget components evolve under a range of different forcing scenarios. As the
climate warms and the ice cover declines, the sea ice processes that change
the most in HadGEM2-ES are summer melting at the top surface of the ice due
to increased net downward radiation and basal melting due to extra heat from
the warming ocean. There is also extra basal ice formation due to the
thinning ice. However, the impact of these changes on the volume budget is
affected by the declining ice cover. For example, as the autumn ice cover
declines the volume of ice formed by basal growth declines as there is a
reduced area over which this ice growth can occur. As a result, the biggest
contribution to Arctic ice decline in HadGEM2-ES is the reduction in the
total amount of basal ice growth during the autumn and early winter. Changes in the volume budget during the 21st century have a distinctive
seasonal cycle, with processes contributing to ice decline occurring in
May–June and September to November. During July and August the total amount
of sea ice melt decreases, again due to the reducing ice cover. The choice of forcing scenario affects the rate of ice decline and the timing
and magnitude of changes in the volume budget components. For the HadGEM2-ES
model and for the range of scenarios considered for CMIP5, the mean changes
in the volume budget depend strongly on the evolving ice area and are
independent of the speed at which the ice cover declines.
Representation of National Heroes in English Language Textbooks Taught at Government Higher Secondary Schools of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Lanjwan Jat Abdul Razaque , Pathan Habibullah , Ali Shah Syed Waqar
Published: September 2018

Textbooks are not only to read but also inculcate values, virtues and norms of society given in the curriculum. Basically, the curriculum of Pakistani curriculum is broadly based on celebration of history that is taught in different subjects such as, Islamic studies, social studies, languages and Pakistan studies. These all textbooks have been used as a tool to propagate and promote national identity while representing stories of national heroes. These heroes carry certain hidden and intended ideologies. The aim of this research is to explore the textual and visual representation of national heroes of Pakistan who are portrayed in English language textbooks prescribed by Sindh Textbook Board taught in public higher secondary schools. Furthermore, this paper discusses the different elements such as; language, theme, writer’s objectivity, use of visuals, and certain ideas in order to explore the hidden ideologies behind representing national heroes. They make students patriotic, nationalistic, militaristic and religious which cause manipulation and exploitation of religion, misinterpretation and mixture of facts, misrepresentation of reality, reinforcement of some practices and so on. This is qualitative method. The textual analysis and semi-structured are proposed methods which are mostly applied in these kinds of research studies. We used the social constructive model as an analytical model for this research to uncover the hidden ideologies represented by the national heroes of Pakistan. They propagate the ideologies of Islam/Jehad, patriotism, anti-India, eulogizing heroes and fundamental divide between Muslims and Hindus.
Development and Implementation of a Self-Study Roadmap for Part-Time Students
Authors: Von Zobeltitz Andre , Linke Knut , Blochberger Eva
Published: September 2018

The “Open IT” research project is being carried out in the scope of the federal state “Aufstieg durch Bildung: offene Hochschulen” initiative (“Advancement through education: open universities”) in which credit transfer programmes are being designed for IT practitioners in Germany. In this process, research is being carried out into the development, implementation and use of methods to support self-study, which will be prepared for transfer to teaching. The use of a self-study roadmap for students and lecturers has been developed in the course of this research. This self-study roadmap supports students’ time management and the balance of study, work and family.Following the numerous evaluation steps involved in the creation of the self-study roadmap, the roadmap has been formally implemented and developed within the research project. The benefits, use and challenges of this learning tool are analysed and reflected upon in this paper in the context of education management. A strategic point of view has been chosen so that the tool can be examined on a meta level. The relevant perspective of the university, lecturers and students has been adopted so that an all-encompassing view can be guaranteed at strategic level.
Preoperative Narcotic Use and Inferior Outcomes After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Clinical and Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Thompson Kirk M. , Hallock Justin D. , Smith Richard A. , Brolin Tyler J. , Azar Frederick M. , Throckmorton Thomas W.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Our purpose was to determine whether the chronic use of preoperative narcotics adversely affected clinical and/or radiographic outcomes.

Methods:

Seventy-three patients (79 shoulders) with primary total shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis were evaluated clinically and radiographically at preoperative visits and postoperatively at a minimum follow-up of 2 years: 26 patients (28 shoulders) taking chronic narcotic pain medication for at least 3 months before surgery and 47 patients (51 shoulders) who were not taking narcotics preoperatively.

Results:

Postoperatively, significant differences were noted between the narcotic and nonnarcotic groups regarding American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and visual analog scale scores, as well as forward elevation, external rotation, and all strength measurements (P < 0.01). The nonnarcotic group had markedly higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, better overall range of motion and strength, and markedly lower visual analog scale scores than the narcotic group.

Conclusion:

Chronic preoperative narcotic use seems to be a notable indicator of poor outcomes of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis.
Comparative Study of Linguistic Features Used in the Inaugural Speeches of American Presidents
Authors: Lodhi Muhammad Arfan , Mansoor Rashid , Shahzad Waheed , Robab Irum , Zafar Zunaira
Published: September 2018

Language is a very useful and powerful tool for communication and especially in political discourse it is very significant. During a political speech the leader tries to express, declare, commit, emphasize or motivate the listeners by using one’s ideology and power. Political personalities speak in different modes and tones and they announce their planning and aim to keep all aspects under their control and reduce the worry of the people. The aim of this paper is to identify the linguistic features used in the inaugural speeches of selected American Presidents and to analyze their functions using Critical Discourse Analysis theory proposed by Fairclough and the theory of Persuasion postulated by Aristotle. Researchers selected inaugural speeches of George W. Bush and Barack Obama. The study was an attempt to relate the inaugural discourse to the discursive social processes and to find covert ideology and power factors in the speeches. The findings revealed significant differences among the different linguistic features, discursive practices and rhetoric devices used in inaugural speeches of the two US presidents.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA STUDY OF MONGOLIAN EQUUS CABALLUS
Authors: B Bolor-Oyut , B Ochirkhuyag , J Khulan
Published: September 2018

In order to assess the genetic diversity and maternal lineages of Mongolian native horse populations, we examined using mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analyses. The control region of mitochondrial DNA is widely used for population and evolutionary studies because of its high level of sequence variation, in addition to a lack of recombination and maternal heritance. To determine genetic diversity and maternal heritance, we collected 19 blood samples of Darhad horses from Khuvsgul, Tes horses from Zavkhan and Taij horses from Dundgobi, Mongolia.In this study, 16 haplotypes and 51 polymorphic sites were detected. Haplotype diversity was 0.9766 and nucleotide diversity was 0.0212 in Mongolian native horses. Finally, 5 horse haplogroups (A, C, D, F, I) were identified in 16 haplotypes in this study.
WEIGHT GROWT DYNAMIC OF FIRST GENERATION HYBRID KIDS OF CROSSING THE ALPINE GOATS WITH THE MONGOLIAN NATIVE ONES
Authors: D Purevdolgor , S Gerelmaa , T Batsukh , B Beisen , D Bat-Erdene , D Ganzorig , D Batgerel
Published: September 2018

The Alpine goats are originally from Alpine mountains located between France and Switzerland. The Alpine goats grow very quickly, have big and unique body figures, upstanding ears, and colors of brown, Isabella or black back with many different spots. They lead the world with their fecund and high milk yield. Since 2015, we have studied breeding domestic goat and Alpine goat to increase production of goat milk and dairy milk production and got the first generation of a hybrid kid in 2016 which located in Arvaikheer soum of Uverkhangai province.A hybrid between Alpine and Mongolian goat kid born from goat was 2.1±0.1 kg at the birth, 4.1±0.2 kg at the age of 1 months, 9.2±0.6 kg at the age of 3 months, 19.9±1.7 kg at the age of 6 months, and 21.4±1.2 at the 12 months in order to 1-year-old in average thus the birth weight increased by 10.2 times.
TREATMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN SERBIA // TRETMAN INTERNACIONALNOG BIZNISA U SRBIJI
Authors: Đurović Đuro
Published: September 2018

The international business has been consistently represented in the world economy for more than 150 years and has been continuously increasing and strengthening all the time, making it today the most important economic and globalization factor that undoubtedly dominates the world economy. It is characterized primarily by the so-called. multinational corporations that operate through their affiliates in several countries with the main goal of maintaining and increasing their profits. They are now present practically in all countries of the world, and it is estimated that their business activities now contribute to generating the global GDP of about 75%. Such a progressive multinational business generally bases itself on highly competent management and the use of the latest and increasingly productive technologies as a materialized expression of the development of applied economic and social sciences. Within all this, regarding the world-established freedom of movement of capital and labor, national states are making increasing efforts to regulate the breakthrough and functioning of an international business in their territories in the interest of their progress.In this context, in order to regulate the operation of the international business, it has been selected to study the treatment of international business in Serbia, as a small transition country, with the results thus obtained being representative for all the countries of the present day. Consequently, the focus of these studies is the attitude of the state of Serbia and its higher education towards the emerging international business. In this paper, with the help of an adequate questionnaire and respondents from higher education institutions, the attitude of the state and higher education towards the international business is considered, where adequate breakthrough of the positive and inert suppression of the negative activity of that business is ascertained. The positive treatment of this business is reflected in the state stimulation of its attraction in order to raise the level of GDP and employment, while the negative sides refer to the insufficient protection of national economic entities, the poor protection of the available natural resources, and the insufficient study of that business in higher education system of Serbia.On this basis, the paper presents suggestions that the state of Serbia and its higher education should even more constructively treat international business in the function of its further economic prosperity. Of course, all these results are not representative for Serbia only, but practically for all other countries.
Legal Nature of the Commissioner for the Protection of Equality in Republic of Serbia // Upravno-pravni aspekti poverenika za zaštitu ravnopravnosti u Republici Srbiji
Authors: Andonović Stefan
Published: September 2018

The subject of this paper is determination of the legal nature of the Commissioner for the Protection of Equality in legal system of the Republic of Serbia. The specific position and role in the legal system is examined from the perspective and methods of administrative law. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal nature of the Commissioner’s acts in the framework of his powers. Also, the paper analzyed certain issues related to the procedure before the Commissioner, as well as the connection between this procedure and the general administrative procedure. Based on the analysis of the legal position, the legal acts of the Commissioner, and the constitutional system of division of power, the author concludes that the Commissioner’s legal nature in the Republic of Serbia is predominantly administrative-legal.
Trial Accommodation as a Phase in the Adoption Process // Probni smeštaj kao faza u procesu zasnivanja usvojenja
Authors: Stjepanović Bogdana
Published: September 2018

Trial accommodation is one of the stages that precede the establishment of the adoption. The purpose of determining trial accommodation is to determine the special adoptive capacity of the adopter and the adoptee. In the family law of the Republic of Serbia, trial accommodation is in principle a mandatory phase in the process of establishing the adoption. It is generally mandatory because it does not exist when foreign citizens appear as adopters. Internationally, there is no agreement on whether trial accommodation is a necessary phase in the process of establishing the adoption. The paper analyses the regulation of trial accommodation in the Family Law of the Republic of Serbia, with special attention to the provision by which foreign citizens are released from this part of the procedure of adoption and consideration. Attention is also paid to the legal solution in the Republika of Srpska.
Fuzzy Model for Assessing the Scope of Work of Railway Passanger Transport Undertaking
Authors: Blagojević Aleksandar , Stojanova Iskra , Subotić Marko , Radičević Veljko
Published: September 2018

The main objective of the European policy of rail transport is the development of a single railway area. The opening of the railway sector to market competition impose that railway undertakings behave like any other modern enterprises in other markets and in other industries. It means, they must constantly develop and maintain competitive advantages, and be better than others. In today’s very intense competition conditions, this is the most difficult to achieve. The railway undertakings are challenged to find optimal solutions to operate efficiently and effectively, in order not only to survive on the transport market, but also to develop and maintain a competitive advantage. The paper developed innovative model for the evaluation of efficiency of railway operators for passenger transport assessing the scope of work of railway undertakings that can greatly help to increase the competitive ability of railway undertakings in the single railway market. The developed models allow the integration of indicator groups (resources, operational, financial, quality and safety indicators) into a single assessment of the scope of work of railway undertakings and also allow the provision of information about the corrective actions that can improve the scope of work of the railway undertaking. The proposed model has been tested on actual examples, e.g. railway undertaking Railways of Republic of Srpska. The analysis of the results shows exceptional suitability for use of developed approach for assessing the scope of work of railway undertakings.
Passive Road Safety Systems - Case Study Of Road Section Banja Luka - Prnjavor (M16, M16.1)
Authors: Sančanin Ognjen , Drašković Danislav , Prislan Demeter
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the authors will show the influence of roadside objects on road safety on the Banja Luka - Prnjavor section. Roadside objects have a major impact on the weight of a traffic accident because they represent direct obstacles to the wandering vehicle, which in most cases will be stopped by a collision in one of them in the immediate vicinity of the road. Roadside objects can be of different types and constructions, concrete poles, public lighting poles, trees, inadequately installed rebound fences and unprotected petrol stations are only some of them. Therefore, the essence of this paper is to spot possible roadside objects on the observed road section, categorize them, and make suggestions for short, medium and long term improvements.
Relationship of Body Mass Index and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Adolescents
Authors: Hazmy Abdullah Al , Doewes Muchsin , Rachma Noer , Kristiyanto Agus
Published: September 2018

Objectives The prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence is a major public health problem and has increased dramatically over the last few decades. More attention is needed because it is closely related to some non-communicable diseases and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Methods The sample of the study was 44 adolescents. This research is an observational analytic study. The sample of this study measured body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic syndrome through measurement of abdominal circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and blood fasting glucose. Results The results of the simultaneous test showed that both body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness had a significant effect on the risk of metabolic syndrome (p = 0.000). The higher BMI tended to have metabolic syndrome 1.746 times higher than not having metabolic syndrome. The propensity of the unfit condition of cardiorespiratory having metabolic syndrome is 4.283 times higher than the one that has the fit condition. This logistic regression model is quite good because it can predict correctly 72.7% of the conditions that occur. Conclusions This study showed that the higher body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness conditions can be used as predictors of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
Analysis in Differences of Speed Swimming Crawl Technique Between Swimmers and Water Polo Players // Analiza razlika u brzini plivanja kraul tehnikom između plivača i vaterpolista
Authors: Mirvić Edin , Bajrić Senad , Bajrić Osmo , Trivun Milomir
Published: September 2018

Research is spent on 50 respondents divided in two groups, of wich first group was combined by 25 swimmers and second group was combined by 25 water polo players from water polo club „Dabar“ from Sarajevo, at age of 12-14 years. The main goal of research was to spot the differences between speed in swimming craul technique disciplines of 25m, 50m and 100m between swimmers and water polo players of water polo club „Dabar“ from Sarajevo. It is analyzed the time swimmers will swimm craul techinuque every discipline separately: 25m (BK 25M), 50m (BK 50M) and 100m (BK 100M). For establishment of differences in speed swimming craul technique on 25m, 50m and 100m between swimmers and water polo players we used T-test analise of results for independent samples. Based on T-test analise of results for independent samples we can conclude that there is statisticly big difference between swimmer and water polo players in speed during swimming all three criterion variables (BK 25M), (BK 50M),(BK 100M).
Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights Education (EDC/HRE) in Physical Education // Obrazovanje za demokratsko građanstvo i obrazovanje za ljudska prava (EDC/HRE) u fizičkom vaspitanju
Authors: Lazić Svetlana , Matović Mirjana
Published: September 2018

The subject of this research is connection between EDC/HRE key concepts and physical education. The aim is to examine students’ sensibility in recognition the significance of special key concept and realizing a possibility of its implementation in school work within the physical education course. Data were collected in the school year 2016/2017 and elaborated by qualitative research methods. The Conclusion is that students do not recognise the connection between special key concept and school practice and they are not ready to implement them. They see school as community suitable for practicing knowledge and skills in field of EDC/HRE
Implementing a Cultural Model to Increase English-Language Proficiency at an International College
Authors: Scarinci Janice Lee , Howell Edward
Published: September 2018

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of an American Cultural Model to an existing English as a Second Language (ESL) program improved the performance of international students.  Idea: The English language proficiency is essential for students in global emerging economies in order to be competitive, and our study can be generalized to learning other languages within the respective cultural model. Motivation: The results of our study can be applied to higher education worldwide since currently the international business language is English.  Data: The data collected were analyzed and interpreted to determine whether cultural training improved scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).  Tools: Two groups of incoming students were compared as the treatment and control groups, using the t-test with appropriate statistical package. Findings: Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference in TOEFL scores between the control group and the experimental group benefiting from the implementation of the Introduction of the American Cultural Model. Contribution: The English language proficiency is essential for students in global emerging economies in order for them to be competitive, and our study can be generalized to learning other languages within a respective cultural model.
Selecting appropriate variables for detecting grassland to cropland changes using high resolution satellite data
Authors: Klouček Tomáš , Moravec David , Komárek Jan , Lagner Ondřej , Štych Přemysl
Published: September 2018

Grassland is one of the most represented, while at the same time, ecologically endangered, land cover categories in the European Union. In view of the global climate change, detecting its change is growing in importance from both an environmental and a socio-economic point of view. A well-recognised tool for Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Change Detection (CD), including grassland changes, is Remote Sensing (RS). An important aspect affecting the accuracy of change detection is finding the optimal indicators of LULC changes (i.e., variables). Inappropriately selected variables can produce inaccurate results burdened with a number of uncertainties. The aim of our study is to find the most suitable variables for the detection of grassland to cropland change, based on a pair of high resolution images acquired by the Landsat 8 satellite and from the vector database Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS). In total, 59 variables were used to create models using Generalised Linear Models (GLM), the quality of which was verified through multi-temporal object-based change detection. Satisfactory accuracy for the detection of grassland to cropland change was achieved using all of the statistically identified models. However, a three-variable model can be recommended for practical use, namely by combining the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Wetness and Fifth components of Tasselled Cap. Increasing number of variables did not significantly improve the accuracy of detection, but rather complicated the interpretation of the results and was less accurate than detection based on the original Landsat 8 images. The results obtained using these three variables are applicable in landscape management, agriculture, subsidy policy, or in updating existing LULC databases. Further research implementing these variables in combination with spatial data obtained by other RS techniques is needed.
Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepods in the south-eastern Baltic Sea in 2010 and 2011
Authors: Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia , Lemieszek Anna , Kalarus Marcin , Griniene Evelina
Published: September 2018

Background

Copepods are major secondary producers in the World Ocean. They represent an important link between phytoplankton, microzooplankton and higher trophic levels such as fish. They are an important source of food for many fish species but also a significant producer of detritus. In the terms of the role they play in the marine food web, it is important to know how environmental variability affects the population of copepods.

Methods

The study of the zooplankton community in the south-eastern Baltic Sea conducted during a 24-month survey (from January 2010 to November 2011) resulted in the identification of 24 invertebrate species (10 copepods, seven cladocerans, four rotifers, one ctenophore, one larvacean, and one amphipod). Data were collected at two stations located in the open sea waters of the Gulf of Gdansk: the Gdansk Deep (P1) (54°50′N, 19°19′E) and in the western, inner part of the Gulf of Gdansk (P2) (54°32′N, 18°48.2′E). The vertical hauls were carried out with the use of two kinds of plankton nets with a mesh size of 100 µm: a Copenhagen net (in 2010), and a WP-2 net (in 2011).

Results

The paper describes the seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of copepods, taking into account the main Baltic calanoid copepod taxa (Acartiaspp.,Temora longicornisandPseudocalanussp.). They have usually represented the main component of zooplankton. The average number of copepods at the P1 Station during the study period of 2010 was 3,913 ind m−3(SD 2,572) and their number ranged from 1,184 ind m−3(in winter) to 6,293 ind m−3(in spring). One year later, the average count of copepods was higher, at 11,723 ind m−3(SD 6,980), and it ranged from 2,351 ind m−3(in winter) to 18,307 ind m−3(in summer). Their average count at P2 Station in 2010 was 29,141 ind m−3, ranging from 3,330 ind m−3(in March) to 67,789 ind m−3(in May). The average count of copepods in 2011 was much lower at 17,883 ind m−3, and it ranged from 1,360 ind m−3(in April) to 39,559 ind m−3(in May).

Discussion

The environmental conditions of the pelagic habitat change in terms of both depth and distance from the shore. Although the qualitative (taxonomic) structure of zooplankton is almost identical to that of the coastal waters, the quantitative structure (abundance and biomass) changes quite significantly. The maximum values of zooplankton abundance and biomass were observed in the summer season, both in the Gdansk Deep and in the inner part of the Gulf of Gdansk. Copepods dominated in the composition of zooplankton for almost the entire time of the research duration. Quantitative composition of copepods at the P1 Station differed from the one at P2 Station due to the high abundance ofPseudocalanussp. which prefers colder, more saline waters.
O turismo no cenário das mudanças climáticas: impactos, possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Grimm Isabel Jurema , Alcântara Liliane C. S. , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce
Published: September 2018

O turismo pode ser considerado um setor econômico altamente sensível às mudanças climáticas, e tem contribuído para a emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), uma das causas do aquecimento global. Para mitigar seus impactos negativos, surge a concepção do desenvolvimento do turismo sob a ótica da sustentabilidade que deverá incorporar as externalidades derivadas da mudança climática. Frente a esta realidade, este artigo analisa os impactos, oportunidades e desafios para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo no Brasil, a partir dos cenários projetados pela mudança climática global. A metodologia tem abordagem interdisciplinar e sistêmica, de cunho descritivo/analítico, realizada a partir de pesquisa bibliométrica, documental e entrevistas junto aos especialistas na temática do turismo, desenvolvimento e mudanças climáticas. Como resultados tem-se a construção de cenários prospectivos que mostram possíveis impactos e consequências das mudanças climáticas ao sistema turístico internacional, constituindo-se em informações para fins de mitigação, planejamento de ações de adaptação e minimização de impactos e vulnerabilidades.
Deep Level and Near‐Band‐Edge Recombination in Semiconducting Antiperovskite Hg3Se2I2 Single Crystals
Authors: Das Sanjib , McCall Kyle M. , Peters John A. , He Yihui , Kim Joon‐Il , Liu Zhifu , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Wessels Bruce W.
Published: September 2018

The wide‐bandgap, semiconducting ternary compound Hg3Se2I2 has shown promise as room‐temperature hard‐radiation detector. Since this compound was first reported, there has been significant improvement in crystal growth using a chemical vapor transport method with a polyethylene growth agent. To study the effects of this additional precursor on crystal quality, the nature of radiative and nonradiative defects using photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent (PC) studies of Hg3Se2I2 single crystals are investigated. In contrast to earlier studies, excitation intensity‐dependence of PL emission shows that the near‐band‐edge (NBE) emission bands are all excitonic in nature. The PL intensity decreases with increasing temperature, with the higher energy peaks quenching by 40 K and the deeper levels quenched after 110 K. The PC spectra show a complex structure at room temperature related to NBE transitions in the band structure, while at low temperature only the direct gap transition is observed due to phonons freezing out. The PC spectra at low temperature also indicate several midgap levels that are attributed to native defects within the bulk crystal. These results indicate that the high quality of Hg3Se2I2 single crystals is maintained when the transport agent is used during growth, although there are still a variety of defects present.
Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Theranostic Cisplatin Prodrug with Transcatheter Intra‐Arterial Therapy: Application to Rabbit Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Qi , Wang Saibo , Zhu Shiqin , Yuan Tianwen , Guo Zhiqian , Cao Jun , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong
Published: September 2018

Transcatheter intra‐arterial therapy (TIT) has become valuable in the battle against primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. However, the lack of a mechanism to visualize real‐time drug release and avoid fast metabolic clearance of chemotherapeutic agents is the primary barrier to TIT for hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, a specific near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent prodrug platform, that is, DSPE‐mPEG/DCM‐S‐Pt micelles (DCM‐S‐Pt@PEG), to assist TIT in direct administration to large mammals like rabbits, is presented. DCM‐S‐Pt@PEG consists of a NIR fluorophore for tracing drug release, a nonspecific antitumor drug cisplatin for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, a glutathione‐activatable disulfide linker, and a DSPE‐mPEG nano‐micelle carrier for controllable drug release. DCM‐S‐Pt@PEG can make the drug accumulation in tumor tissues enhance the therapeutic effect by: i) specific delivery of prodrug to hepatic tumor tissues through the femoral artery by TIT, ii) sustained drug‐release from the biodegradable lipid DSPE‐mPEG micelle to minimize metabolic clearance, and iii) cancer biomarker–activated drug release. It provides a promising strategy to assist TIT in treating unresectable devastating hepatocellular carcinoma administration in the rabbit model, rather than common mouse model.
Robotic‐assisted surgery for rectal cancer: Current state and future perspective
Authors: Matsuyama Takatoshi , Kinugasa Yusuke , Nakajima Yasuaki , Kojima Kazuyuki
Published: September 2018

Interest in minimally invasive surgery has increased in recent decades. Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) was introduced as the latest advance in minimally invasive surgery. RALS has the potential to provide better clinical outcomes in rectal cancer surgery, allowing for precise dissection in the narrow pelvic space. In addition, RALS represents an important advancement in surgical education with respect to use of the dual‐console robotic surgery system. Because the public health insurance systems in Japan have covered the cost of RALS for rectal cancer since April 2018, RALS has been attracting increasingly more attention. Although no overall robust evidence has yet shown that RALS is superior to laparoscopic or open surgery, the current evidence supports the notion that technically demanding subgroups (patients with obesity, male patients, and patients treated by extended procedures) may benefit from RALS. Technological innovation is a constantly evolving field. Several companies have been developing new robotic systems that incorporate new technology. This competition among companies in the development of such systems is anticipated to lead to further improvements in patient outcomes as well as drive down the cost of RALS, which is one main concern of this new technique.
Locally produced CD19 CAR T cells leading to clinical remissions in medullary and extramedullary relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jacoby Elad , Bielorai Bella , Avigdor Abraham , Itzhaki Orit , Hutt Daphna , Nussboim Vered , Meir Amilia , Kubi Adva , Levy Michal , Zikich Dragoslav , Zeltzer Li‐at , Brezinger Karin , Schachter Jacob , Nagler Arnon , Besser Michal J. , Toren Amos
Published: September 2018

Autologous CD19 chimeric‐antigen receptor (CAR) T cells demonstrated remarkable remission rates in relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL). Here, we report results from a phase 1b/2 study of in‐house produced CD19 CAR with a CD28 costimulatory domain. Twenty‐one patients with R/R ALL were enrolled, and 20 infused. The median age was 11 years (range, 5‐48). Patients had a median of 4 prior regimens, including blinatumomab in 6 and prior stem–cell transplantation in 10. In total 8 patients had extramedullary (EM) leukemic involvement, and prior to lymphodepletion and CAR 7 had active lesions, a group underrepresented in previous trials. In vivo expansion of CAR T cells was observed in 18 patients. In total 16 patients developed cytokine release syndrome, and 11 patients developed neurotoxicity, with no toxic deaths. All responding patients were referred to an allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation. The remission rate was 90%, including resolution of all refractory EM sites. Four responding patients relapsed, 3 who had a PCR‐MRD positive remission at 28 days following CAR‐T cells and 1 patient 21 months after an MRD‐negative response. The estimated 1‐year event‐free survival and overall survival are 73% and 90%, respectively. Patients with R/R EM ALL may also benefit from CAR‐T cell therapy.
Infant nest and stash sites of variegated lemurs (Varecia rubra): The extended phenotype
Authors: Vasey Natalie , Mogilewsky Monica , Schatz George E.
Published: September 2018

Very few primate species give birth to litters and build nests in which to care for them. Those that do are small‐bodied, nocturnal, and solitary. Variegated lemurs are exceptional in that they bear litters in arboreal nests, yet are relatively large‐bodied, day‐active, and gregarious. Furthermore, they raise their young cooperatively and practice absentee parenting; non‐clinging young are transported orally and periodically stashed in arboreal spots that are supportive, sheltered, and usually concealed. Following birth, infant nest and stash trees were mapped, measured, and taxonomically identified in a population of red variegated lemurs in Masoala National Park. About 40 trees were used per litter for nesting and stashing young in adjacent, non‐overlapping core areas within the community. These were the largest trees in the forest, even larger than those used for feeding. Furthermore, most occur in valleys and are laced with lianas, creating sites that buffer young from predation, accidental falls, and to some degree, thermal stress. In combination, the number of nest and stash trees used per litter, their characteristics, and their geo‐spatial arrangement indicate that such sites are both select and limited in the landscape, exposing the dependence of red variegated lemurs on intact forest canopies for raising non‐clinging young within the context of an absentee parenting system. Nest and stash sites are in effect Varecia's extended phenotype. Logging of large trees in Madagascar's eastern rain forests is considered a major factor resulting in local extinctions of variegated lemurs because they rely heavily upon large, mature trees for fruit. However, this study suggests that removal of large trees may more directly precipitate local extinctions by impeding their ability to reproduce. Long‐term survival of red variegated lemurs will depend upon efforts to end harmful timber extraction in its remaining stronghold, the Masoala Peninsula.
Sarcoidosis presenting with facial swelling (Heerfordt syndrome)
Authors: Maharaj Satish , Brown Megan , Seegobin Karan , Isache Carmen
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical Message

Sarcoidosis is one of the “great masqueraders” of medicine and can present with atypical facial swelling. Imaging and biopsy confirm the diagnosis.
Testing an Integrative Contextual Career Development Model With Adolescents From High‐Poverty Urban Areas
Authors: Conkel‐Ziebell Julia L. , Turner Sherri L. , Gushue George V.
Published: September 2018

Variations in the economic recovery rate across the United States have led to even greater chasms that separate the employed, unemployed, and underemployed (DeSilver, ). Therefore, understanding and supporting the career development of future generations is critical—especially for those who live outside the context of social privilege. The authors examined the applicability of the integrative contextual model of career development (ICM; Lapan, ) to a sample of 220 adolescents (129 boys, 91 girls) from a high‐poverty urban area. Results indicated that a canonical variate comprising foundational ICM skills (e.g., career exploration, goal setting) predicted a variate composed of ICM outcomes (e.g., self‐efficacy, vocational identity), thus supporting the usefulness of the ICM framework for this population. The skill of setting viable career goals was an especially strong predictor of outcomes. Implications for career counseling with adolescents living in high‐poverty urban areas and directions for future research are discussed.
Extending the Narrative Process: Guided Imagery in Career Construction Counseling
Authors: Stoltz Kevin B. , Apodaca Marty , Mazahreh Laith G.
Published: September 2018

Guided imagery and its use are fairly well documented in the career literature. With the rise of idiographic approaches to career counseling, there is opportunity to reinvigorate and advance the use of guided imagery in career intervention. Toward this aim, the authors present the use of career narrative‐generated guided imagery (CGI) in career construction counseling. After reviewing the use of guided imagery in career counseling generally, the authors apply the technique to career construction counseling specifically. Narrative data derived from the career construction interview (Savickas, , ) allow for the development of 4 distinct scripts that can be applied to career counseling: meaning making, identity, adaptability, and job trial. A case vignette demonstrates the use and efficacy of CGI in career construction counseling.
Negative Career Outlook and the Working Alliance in Career Counseling
Authors: Alchin Carolyn , McIlveen Peter , Perera Harsha N.
Published: September 2018

The authors investigated 3 dimensions of the working alliance—goal, task, and bond—and the reduction of negative career‐related thoughts. A pretest–posttest design revealed a significant reduction in negative career thoughts after an initial career counseling interview was provided to college students (N = 87). Regression analyses revealed that task predicted negative career thoughts. The findings offer evidence of the effectiveness of career counseling and of the contribution of working alliance to counseling as a process and outcome variable.
Internal corporate sustainability drivers: What evidence from family firms? A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Broccardo Laura , Truant Elisa , Zicari Adrian
Published: September 2018

Despite the many studies on corporate sustainability, few have analyzed the specific case of the family business. Family firms have certain characteristics that make them different from nonfamily firms, making it valuable to analyze whether these peculiarities are also reflected in their attitude toward sustainability. Specifically, the determinants of the sustainability concept in family firms are unclear. Given the importance of family businesses in most economies, this paper will contribute to filling this gap, depicting through a literature review the main determinants that can affect the sustainability approach of the family firm. The systematic review was carried out through a documented process to guarantee its replicability. The findings show that drivers do not have a homogenous impact on sustainability initiatives due to the distinctiveness of these types of firms. This review contributes by systematizing the existing literature on such topics, identifying future research avenues, and providing several stimuli for researchers.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and disordered eating in the English general population
Authors: Jacob Louis , Haro Josep Maria , Koyanagi Ai
Published: September 2018

Objective

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and eating problems often coexist, but many of the previous studies have not taken into account key variables which may be important in this association. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the association between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating, while taking into account of a variety of factors.

Method

This study used cross‐sectional, nationally representative data from 7,403 people aged ≥16 years from England who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS). ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Questions from the five‐item SCOFF screening instrument were used to identify possible ED. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

The prevalence of possible eating disorder (ED) was much higher among those with ADHD symptoms (ASRS score ≥14) compared to those without ADHD symptoms (19.2 vs. 5.7%). ADHD symptoms were associated with possible ED (odds ratio [OR] = 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.56–4.72) after adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity. After further adjustment for alcohol dependence, drug use, intelligence quotient, stressful life events, perceived stress, impulsivity, depression, anxiety disorder, and borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits, the OR was attenuated to 1.32 (95% CI = 0.82–2.13). Anxiety and BPD were the factors that led to the largest degree of attenuation.

Discussion

A high prevalence of disordered eating in individuals with ADHD was observed. Factors such as co‐existing anxiety and BPD traits may be particularly important in this association. Future research should focus on the factors involved in the association between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating behavior.
Sulfur‐Tuned Graphene Networks as Pseudocapacitive Material for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Chaonan , Yang Yinye , Luo Shengyun , Ren Dasen , Yu Xu
Published: September 2018

The construction of heteroatom sulfur‐doped graphene aerogel (HSG), with an interconnected structure, by a facile ice‐template method, combined with a thermal annealing treatment at 800 °C, is reported. The morphology and chemical nature of HSG are confirmed by several microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. The sulfur‐containing functional groups act as the electro‐active sites for the fast surface redox reaction. The specific capacitance of HSG is reached up to 367 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, whereas the specific capacitance of 272 F g−1 is maintained at a current density of 20 A g−1 with a capacitance retention rate of 74.1%. Particularly, the cyclic stability of HSG is close to 92% after 20 000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. These excellent electrochemical behaviors of HSG can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the hierarchical structure and the formation of additional “pseudocapacitance” by heteroatom doping.
Insecticide-induced changes in amphibian brains: How sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos directly affect neurodevelopment
Authors: McClelland Sara J. , Bendis Randall J. , Relyea Rick A. , Woodley Sarah K.
Published: September 2018

Widespread use of pesticides often contaminates natural habitats, exposing nontarget organisms to pesticides that were designed to control pest populations. Even low levels of pesticides can affect aquatic communities both directly and indirectly. Previous work has shown that trace amounts of the pesticide chlorpyrifos altered tadpole morphology and neurodevelopment in artificial ponds (mesocosms). To determine whether effects resulted from direct chlorpyrifos exposure or from disruption of the food web due to a pesticide-induced decline in zooplankton, we examined the impacts of chlorpyrifos on amphibian development in the presence of chlorpyrifos-resistant zooplankton, a key component of the aquatic trophic community. Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles were reared through metamorphosis in mesocosms containing either 0 or 1 µg/L chlorpyrifos and either chlorpyrifos-resistant or chlorpyrifos-sensitive Daphnia pulex zooplankton. Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos resulted in metamorphs with a relatively wider optic tectum, medulla, and diencephalon compared with controls, and this result was found regardless of the zooplankton population within the mesocosm. Thus, chlorpyrifos directly impacted brain development, independent of the effects on the trophic community. With respect to body shape, chlorpyrifos had no effect on body shape of metamorphs reared in mesocosms with chlorpyrifos-sensitive zooplankton, but body shape was sensitive to zooplankton population in the absence of chlorpyrifos. To conclude, low, ecologically relevant doses of organophosphorous pesticides can directly impact neurodevelopment in a vertebrate model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2692–2698. © 2018 SETAC