bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riwayat Pemberian Air Susu Ibu dengan Penyakit Infeksi pada Balita
Authors: Nur Abidah , Marissa Nelly
Published: May 2016

Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2013 menyebutkan angka insiden diare pada balita di Indonesia sebesar 6,7%. Aceh merupakan provinsi dengan insiden diare tertinggi, mencapai 10,2%. Profil Kesehatan Aceh menunjukkan bahwa secara umum terjadi peningkatan penyakit infeksi seperti influenza, tuberkulosis, dan diare dalam kurun waktu tujuh tahun (2006 - 2012). Penyakit tersebut dapat dicegah dengan pemberian ASI yang berperan dalam peningkatan kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI dengan penyakit infeksi pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Aceh, yaitu data Survei Sosial dan Ekonomi Nasional tahun 2012 dengan jumlah sampel 3.486 balita. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum ada hubungan yang signifikan antara riwayat pemberian ASI dengan penyakit infeksi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lama pemberian ASI, ASI eksklusif, dan pemberian makanan pendamping ASI dengan penyakit infeksi pada balita di Provinsi Aceh. Breastfeeding History with Infectious Disease in ToddlersBasic Health Research in 2013 mentions the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Indonesia amounted to 6.7%. Aceh Province has the highest incidence of diarrhea reached 10.2%. Aceh’s Health Profile indicates that in general there is an increase in infectious diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and diarrhea within a period of seven years (2006 - 2012). The disease can be prevented by breastfeeding to increase immune system. This study used secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency of Aceh Province, The National Socio-Economic Survey 2012 using 3,486 toddlers as samples. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results showed in general no significant relationship between a history of breastfeeding with infectious diseases. There is a significant relationship between duration of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding with infectious disease in toddlers in the Aceh province.
Determinants of Multimorbidity among The Elderly Population in Indonesia
Authors: Mahwati Yeni
Published: May 2016

Multimorbidity is the presence of two or more chronic diseases in one person. Multimorbidity prevalence increases with age, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity in elderly population in Indonesia and its determinant. Data were taken from the fourth survey of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) which held in 2007. IFLS is a continuing longitudinal socio-economic and health survey. The sample used in the analysis were 2,960 elderly (³ 60 years). Logistic regression was performed to determine the prevalence and determinants of multimorbidity in the elderly. The prevalence of multimorbidity were 15.8 % and was higher among low educational level, unemployed, current smokers, mild physical activity, overweight/obese and lower consumption of vegetables and fruit. Multivariate analysis showed that low educational level, unemployed, current smoker and ex smoker, overweight/obese, mild physical activity and lower consumption of vegetables and fruit were associated with multimorbidity. The results showed that the prevalence of multimorbidity in Indonesian elderly is quite high especially those with poor health behaviors and low socioeconomic conditions. Strategies to increase healthy behaviors and improve socio-economic conditions may decrease the prevalence of multimorbidity. Determinan Multimorbiditas pada Populasi Usia Lanjut di IndonesiaMultimorbiditas adalah kehadiran dua atau lebih penyakit kronis pada satu orang. Prevalensi multimorbiditas meningkat dengan usia, terutama pada lanjut usia (lansia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan multimorbiditas pada lansia di Indonesia. Data diambil dari survei keempat Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) yang diadakan pada tahun 2007. IFLS adalah survei sosial ekonomi dan kesehatan longitudinal di Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam analisis adalah 2.960 lansia (³ 60 tahun). Regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menentukan prevalensi dan determinan multimorbiditas pada lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi multimorbiditas sebesar 15,8%, dengan prevalensi lebih tinggi pada lansia yang overweight/obesitas, tingkat pendidikan rendah, tidak bekerja, perokok saat ini, aktivitas fisik ringan, overweight/obesitas, dan kurangnya konsumsi sayur dan buah. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, tidak bekerja, perokok saat ini dan pernah merokok, overweight/obesitas, aktivitas fisik ringan, serta kurangnya konsumsi sayuran dan buah berhubungan dengan multimorbiditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi multimorbiditas pada lansia Indonesia cukup tinggi terutama mereka dengan perilaku kesehatan yang buruk dan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah. Strategi untuk meningkatkan perilaku sehat dan meningkatkan kondisi sosial-ekonomi dapat menurunkan prevalensi multimorbiditas pada lansia.
Perbedaan Pendidikan Kelompok Sebaya tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan di Perkotaan dan Perdesaan
Authors: Follona Willa , Raksanagara Ardini S. , Purwara Benny Hasan
Published: May 2016

Remaja berisiko terhadap pernikahan usia dini namun informasi tentang pendewasaan usia perkawinan masih kurang. Pendidikan kelompok sebaya merupakan metode pendidikan kesehatan yang sesuai untuk remaja, namun belum terlaksana di lingkungan masyarakat baik perkotaan maupun perdesaan. Selain itu, belum terfokus pada pendewasaan usia perkawinan, sehingga perlu diketahui perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang pendewasaan usia perkawinan setelah pendidikan kelompok sebaya pada remaja di perkotaan dan perdesaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendidikan kelompok sebaya tentang pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai pendewasaan usia perkawinan antara remaja di wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest pada 60 remaja yang dipilih secara acak sederhana di Desa Cileungsi (perkotaan) dan Desa Mampir (perdesaan) Kecamatan Cileungsi pada bulan Maret 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kelompok sebaya dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja perkotaan serta perdesaan dengan p < 0,001. Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada peningkatan pengetahuan maupun sikap dengan p > 0,05. Pendidikan kelompok sebaya dapat dilaksanakan di berbagai wilayah sehingga diperlukan dukungan berbagai pihak untuk pelatihan pendidik sebaya bagi remaja dan pengembangan di lingkungan masyarakat. The Difference of Peer Education about Maturation Age of Marriage in Urban and Rural Areas Adolescents are at risk of having early marriage, but they still lack of information about maturation age of marriage. Peer education is a suitable method to provide adolescents with health education. However, health education given to adolescents both in urban society and rural society has never used this method, and has not been focused on maturation age of marriage. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the difference between knowledge and attitude of urban adolescents and those of rural adolescents about maturation age of marriage after peer education method is used. This study was aimed to analyze the difference impacts of peer education on maturation age of marriage among urban and rural adolescents. This is a quasi experimental study using pre-test and post-test design on 60 adolescents who are selected using a simple random sampling, from Cileungsi Village (urban area) and Mampir Village (rural area) in Cileungsi Sub-district in March 2014. The results show that peer education is able to improve the knowledge and attitude about maturation age of marriage of adolescents with p < 0.001. However, it does not show any significant difference with p > 0.05 in both knowledge and attitude. Peer education can be implemented in all regions. Therefore, supports from all stakeholders is necessary to make some training for trainers in peer education for teenagers and its development in society.
Mutu Pelayanan Puskesmas Perawatan yang Berstatus Badan Layanan Umum Daerah
Authors: Indrayathi Putu Ayu , Listyowati Rina , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Ulandari Luh Putu Sinthya
Published: May 2016

Kebijakan pusat pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat (puskesmas) sebagai Badan Layanan Umum Daerah (BLUD) diimplentasikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dasar. Kebijakan BLUD puskesmas telah diterapkan di Kabupaten Gianyar sejak tahun 2010 dan berlaku pada puskesmas perawatan maupun nonperawatan. Pelaksanaan BLUD puskesmas tidak selalu meningkatkan mutu layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran mutu pelayanan puskesmas perawatan yang berstatus BLUD di Kabupaten Gianyar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Tempat dan waktu penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Gianyar, Agustus hingga Desember 2013. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 105 pengguna layanan di empat puskesmas yang dipilih dengan cara multistage random sampling. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 13 penyedia pelayanan kesehatan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data kuantitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif dan data kualitatif dianalisis dengan analisis tematik. Dari hasil penelitian, pelayanan di puskesmas perawatan berstatus BLUD di Gianyar dinilai kurang memuaskan karena keterbatasan peralatan medis dan kurangnya tenaga yang kompeten dalam pengelolaan keuangan. Pelatihan pengelolaan keuangan pada staf puskesmas dan perekrutan tenaga berlatar belakang akuntansi penting untuk dilakukan. Quality of Services in Health Care Center with General Services Agency StatusThe policy of primary health care as local public service agencies (BLUD) was established to improve the quality of basic health care services. The public service agencies primary health care policy has been implemented to all primary health care in Gianyar district since 2010. The implementation does not always improving health service quality. This research was aimed to overview the quality of services in primary health care with general services agency status in Gianyar district. This research was a crosssectional study with mixed of quantitative and qualitative approaches.This research was conducted in Gianyar between August and December 2013. The quantitative data was collected through questionaire survey to 105 patients in four primary health care who were chosen with multistage random sampling technique. The qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews to 13 health care providers in primary health care who were chosen with pusposive sampling. The quantitative data was analysed descriptively and the qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The result of the study was primary health care quality in BLUD puskesmas with inpatient services was perceived as poor due to the limited availability of medical equipment and lack of staff who major in financial management. Training on financial management and recruitment of staff with accounting background should be conducted.
Risiko Ergonomi Ketidaksesuaian Desain dan Ukuran Tempat Duduk Sepeda Motor terhadap Antropometri pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Djunaidi Zulkifli , Arnur Rahmadani
Published: May 2016

Transportasi merupakan hal yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam menunjang pembangunan nasional. Belum baiknya sistem transportasi massal di Indonesia, membuat masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan kendaraan pribadi, seperti sepeda motor yang praktis dan ekonomis untuk digunakan. Namun, dalam menggunakan sepeda motor, aspek ergonomi dan kenyamanan bagi pengendara perlu untuk diperhatikan. Desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor yang tidak sesuai dengan antropometri duduk statis pengendara dapat menimbulkan kelelahan pada pengendara dan mengakibatkan terjadinya kecelakaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui risiko ergonomi dari ketidaksesuaian antara desain dan ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis. Untuk menganalisis risiko ergonomi, dilakukan penelitian dengan desain deskriptif analitik pada mahasiswa di sekitar lingkungan kampus Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2009. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden, dibagi menjadi 50 orang laki-laki dan 50 orang perempuan. Sampel responden dipilih dengan metode cluster random sampling, sedangkan tipe sepeda motor dipilih berdasarkan yang paling banyak digunakan dengan metode simple stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara ukuran tempat duduk sepeda motor dengan antropometri duduk statis pada mahasiswa. Adanya ketidaksesuaian tersebut dapat mengakibatkan risiko ergonomi pada pengendara dan terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas.  Ergonomic Risks of Incompatibility of Design and Size of Motorcycle Seat againts Anthropometry among College StudentsTransportation is something needed most to support national development. Bad mass transportation system in Indonesia, makes people prefer to use private vehicles, such as motorcycle which is practical and economical to use. However, riders need to consider ergonomic and comfortability aspects in using motorcycle. The design and size of motorcycle seat in compatible with the rider’s static seat anthropometry may cause fatigue among riders and lead to accidents. The study aimed to find out ergonomic risks of incompatibility between the design and size of the motorcycle seat with static sitting anthropometry. To analyze the ergonomic risks, this study was conducted using analitical descriptive design among college students at Public Health Faculty Universitas Indonesia on October to December 2009. The total sample was 100 respondents, divided into 50 men and 50 women. The sample of respondents was selected using random cluster sampling method, meanwhile the type of motorcycle was selected based on the most widely used with simple stratified random sampling method. The results showed any incompatibility between the size of motorcycle seat with static sitting anthropometry among collage students. Such incompatibility may cause ergonomic risks among rider and lead to traffic accidents.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Endemis Malaria
Authors: Flora Rostika , Mukni Mukni , Girsang Bina Melvia , Purwanto Sigit
Published: May 2016

Ibu hamil yang berada di daerah endemis malaria sangat rentan terhadap infeksi malaria selama kehamilan. Gejala malaria pada kelompok ini sering asimptomatik atau bahkan tidak terdeteksi sama sekali karena adanya efek imunitas protektif melalui infeksi yang berulang. Adanya peningkatan kadar tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) dapat dijadikan indikator terjadinya infeksi malaria. TNF-α berperan penting dalam respons imun pada malaria akut yang menghambat terjadinya eritropoesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar TNF-α dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil didaerah endemik malaria vivax. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan pada bulan Januari - Februari 2014 di lima wilayah kerja puskesmas Kota Bengkulu. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu hamil di daerah endemis malaria vivax yang diambil secara accidental sampling. Dilakukan pengambilan darah untuk pemeriksaan mikroskopis malaria, kadar TNF-α dan kadar hemoglobin (Hb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh ibu hamil memiliki riwayat pernah terinfeksi malaria vivax, walaupun hasil pemeriksaan slide negatif. Terjadi peningkatan kadar TNF- α dengan rerata 6,90 ± 2,48 pg/mL dan penurunan kadar Hb dengan rerata 9,75 ± 0,88 g%. Uji korelasi Spearman didapatkan korelasi negatif yang kuat (r = -0,734) dan bermakna (nilai p < 0,05) antara Kadar TNF-α dengan kadar Hb. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar TNF-α dengan kejadian anemia.Tumor Necrosis Factor-α as Predictor of Anemia Occurrence among Pregnant Mothers in Malaria-Endemic AreasPregnant mothers living in malaria - endemic area are very susceptible to malaria infection during pregnancy. Malaria symptoms in this group are often asymptomatic or even not detected at all due to protective immunity effect through repeated infections. Any elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level can be used as indicator of malaria infection. TNF-α takes an important role in immune response on acute malaria that hinders occurence eritropoesis process. This study aimed to find out relations between TNF-α level and anemia occurrence among pregnant women living in malaria vivax - endemic areas. The study used cross-sectional design conducted on January to February 2014 in five working areas in Bengkulu city. Sample of study was pregnant mothers in malaria vivax - endemic areas which was taken through accidental sampling. Blood was taken for malaria-microscopic examination, TNF-α and haemoglobine (Hb) level. The results showed that all of pregnant mothers have malaria vivax - infected record, although slide examination showed negative result. Any TNF-α level elevation with average 6.90 ± 2.48 pg/mL and decrease of Hb level with average 9.75 ± 0.88 g%. Spearman correlation test showed strong negative correlation (r = -0.734) and significant (p value < 0.05) between TNF-α level and Hb level. There was significant relation between TNF-α level and anemia occurrence.
Los efectos de la revegetación en el medio natural y su percepción por la población vinculada de Cameros Viejo (Sistema Ibérico)
Authors: Lasanta Teodoro , Nadal-Romero Estela , Serrano-Muela Pili
Published: May 2016

Se estudia la percepción que tiene la población vinculada de Cameros Viejo (Sistema Ibérico)
del proceso de revegetación y sus impactos en el medio natural. Se realizaron 40 entrevistas
en profundidad semi-estructuradas. Las respuestas de los entrevistados se contrastan
con los resultados obtenidos en los trabajos científicos realizados en el área de estudio y en
otras áreas próximas de la montaña mediterránea. Se observa que la población local tiene una
percepción más realista que la población foránea de los cambios en el medio natural.
Diseño de un modelo basado en agentes para simular el crecimiento urbano en el Corredor del Henares (Comunidad de Madrid)
Authors: Cantergiani Carolina , Gómez Delgado Montserrat
Published: May 2016

Ante el impacto que la expansión urbana ejerce sobre el planeta y sobre su población,
resulta esencial la utilización de técnicas de simulación que nos permitan elaborar escenarios
sobre la evolución de estos sistemas. En este sentido, los Modelos Basados en Agentes
(MBA) se presentan como una alternativa prometedora. Los MBA son modelos celulares y
dinámicos que se basan en reglas de decisión y que permiten incorporar el comportamiento
de los agentes involucrados en un determinado sistema. En esta investigación proponemos
un diseño de un MBA para simular el crecimiento urbano en el Corredor del Henares (Comunidad de Madrid, España), teniendo en cuenta su dinámica urbana, los principales agentes involucrados en este proceso de expansión, su aspecto comportamental, así como la información espacial disponible. El principal objetivo es disponer de un diseño conceptual sólido, para posteriormente demostrar que los MBA pueden ser útiles como herramienta alternativa para simular el crecimiento urbano a escala subregional.
Proyectos urbanos incompletos. Vacíos urbanos en la Zaragoza post-ave
Authors: Bellet Carmen , Alonso Pilar
Published: May 2016

La llegada del tren de alta velocidad coincidió con un momento expansivo del ciclo inmobiliario y con expectativas de crecimiento económico favorables en el conjunto del país. Alrededor de la nueva infraestructura surgieron un sinfín de proyectos urbanos y desarrollos inmobiliarios. Este es el caso de Zaragoza donde el nuevo tren se convirtió en un instrumento urbanístico de primer orden. Sin embargo, muchas de esas transformaciones dependían de las plusvalías y la venta de antiguo suelo ferroviario que, con la llegada de la crisis, quedaron paralizadas generando un paisaje urbano desolador.
Geodatos y paisaje: de la nube al aula universitaria
Authors: De Lazaro y Torres María Luisa , Izquierdo Álvarez Sara , González González María Jesús
Published: May 2016

La Geografía es una ciencia que integra con facilidad las últimas novedades tecnológicas
en el ámbito de la investigación, en la docencia y en la práctica profesional. Novedosas
herramientas de visualización existentes en la Nube facilitan nuevos resultados de investigación
y favorecen el aprendizaje y una mejor comprensión del paisaje y sus tipologías.
Este se muestra mediante la técnica del storytelling aplicada a itinerarios geográficos y a la
profundización sobre los paisajes agrarios.
Modeling the hydrological effects of climate and land use/cover changes in Chinese lowland polder using an improved WALRUS model
Authors: Yan Renhua , Gao Junfeng , Li Lingling
Published: May 2016

Hydrological processes in lowland polders, especially those for paddy rice planting, are affected by complicated factors. The improved Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS) model incorporates an irrigation and drainage scheme, and a new stage–discharge relationship to account for hydrological processes in multi-land-use polder with paddy fields and pumping stations. Here, this model was applied to assess how climate and land use changes affected the runoff of a Chinese polder in Poyang Lake basin in the past two decades. Simulated results showed that the runoff in the autumn–winter transition and midsummer months increased significantly, whereas those in the other months decreased slightly during the period of 1996–2005, primarily affected by climate change. For the period of 2006–2014, the runoff in the autumn–winter transition and midsummer increased, while that in the other months declined, affected by both climate and land use/cover changes. The land use/cover change resulting from the conversion of rice–wheat rotation to dominantly double-rice cropping and the expansion of residential area, increased the runoff during this period by demanding more irrigation water from the outside basin.
Use of bauxite residue (red mud) as a low cost sorbent for sulfide removal in polluted water remediation
Authors: Sheng Yanqing , Sun Qiyao , Sun Ruichuan , Burke Ian T. , Mortimer Robert J. G.
Published: May 2016

Sulfide is an important pollutant in aqueous systems. Sulfide removal from polluted waters is required prior to discharge. Red mud (RM) is a solid waste of bauxite processing that is rich in reactive iron oxides and consequently has the potential to be used to remove sulfide from aqueous systems. A series of experiments was undertaken using raw and sintered RM to remove sulfide from waters. RM was highly efficient at sulfide removal (average 75% sulfide removal at initial concentration of ∼5 mg L−1, with 500 mg L−1 RM addition) due to both physical adsorption (high specific area) and chemical reaction (with amorphous Fe). Sintered RM, which has a lower surface area and lower mineral reactivity, was much less efficient at removing sulfide (∼20% removal under equivalent experimental conditions). Furthermore, concomitant metal release from raw RM was lower than for sintered RM during the sulfide removal process. The results showed that raw RM is a potentially suitable material for sulfide removal from polluted waters and consequently could be used as a low cost alternative treatment in certain engineering applications.
Odontogenic Keratocyst in Children: A Review
Authors: Kamil Ahmed H. , Tarakji Bassel
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Is to highlight the characteristics and management of odontogenic keratocyst in children only

Material and Method:

Computerized search in pubmed between (2005-2015) using specific words such as odontogenic keratocyst in children, odontogenic keratocyst association with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome with abstract written in English only.

Result:

During computerized literature search 77 articles in the years (2005-2015) were found. All these publications were miscellaneous studies including case series and case reports. Only 35 papers were selected which conform to our criteria. Most of the papers indicate that the histological type of keratocyst prevalent in children was parakeratinized variant, and most of the cases occurred in maxilla rather than mandible.

Conclusion:

We recommend that the surgeons who treat keratocysts in children take into consideration the late presentation in addition to the destructive nature and high recurrence rate. General practitioners face difficulty in early detection and referral of children with keratocysts or Gorlin syndrome. Treatment by multidiscplinary team is important if associated with Gorlin's syndrome Postoperative follow up is advised every 6 months.
A comparative experimental study on engine operating on premixed charge compression ignition and compression ignition mode
Authors: Bhiogade Girish , Suryawanshi Jiwak
Published: May 2016

New combustion concepts have been recently developed with the purpose to tackle the problem of high emissions level of traditional direct injection Diesel engines. A good example is the premixed charge compression ignition combustion. A strategy in which early injection is used causing a burning process in which the fuel burns in the premixed condition. In compression ignition engines, soot (particulate matter) and NOx emissions are an extremely unsolved issue. Premixed charge compression ignition is one of the most promising solutions that combine the advantages of both spark ignition and compression ignition combustion modes. It gives thermal efficiency close to the compression ignition engines and resolves the associated issues of high NOx and particulate matter, simultaneously. Premixing of air and fuel preparation is the challenging part to achieve premixed charge compression ignition combustion. In the present experimental study a diesel vaporizer is used to achieve premixed charge compression ignition combustion. A vaporized diesel fuel was mixed with the air to form premixed charge and inducted into the cylinder during the intake stroke. Low diesel volatility remains the main obstacle in preparing premixed air-fuel mixture. Exhaust gas re-circulation can be used to control the rate of heat release. The objective of this study is to reduce exhaust emission levels with maintaining thermal efficiency close to compression ignition engine.
Objective and subjective thermal comfort evaluation in Hungary
Authors: Kajtar Laszlo , Nyers Jozsef , Szabo Janos , Ketskemety Laszlo , Herczeg Levente , Leitner Anita , Bokor Balazs
Published: May 2016

Thermal comfort sensation can be predicted in the most exact way based on Fanger?s predicted mean vote (PMV) model. This evaluation method takes all the six influencing factors into consideration: air temperature and humidity, air velocity, mean radiant temperature of surrounding surfaces, clothing insulation, and occupants? activities. Fanger?s PMV method was developed for temperate climate and European people, with the participation of university students as subjects. Many researchers had investigated its validity in different geographic locations (i. e. climatic conditions, people) and under non-laboratory circumstances. The results were summarised by van Hoof which had been published in the scientific references. The articles gave us the idea to elaborate the former measurement results. During the last decades thermal comfort was evaluated by our research team using subjective scientific questionnaires and applying the objective Fanger?s model in several office buildings in Hungary. The relation between the PMV and actual mean vote values were analysed based on these results. Investigations were carried out under steady-state conditions in winter time. We performed objective thermal comfort evaluations based on instrumental measurements using the PMV theory. Parallel to this we assessed the subjective thermal sensation using scientific questionnaires. The mathematical relationship between the actual mean vote and PMV was defined according to the evaluated thermal environment: AMV = PMV + 0.275, (arg. ?1.7 ? PMV ? +0.5).
Evaluation of integration of solar energy into the district heating system of the city of Velika Gorica
Authors: Felipe Andreu , Schneider Daniel , Krajacic Goran
Published: May 2016

In the current situation the district heating system supplies the 32% of the
total thermal consumption in the City of Velika Gorica. The main issue in the
district heating system is the utilization of 14 small and distributed heat
plants, each providing heat to a separate and individually disconnected
heating grid. Reduction of costs and CO2 emissions can be reached with a high
penetration of renewable sources. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and
design the integration of a Central Solar Heating Plant with Seasonal Storage
into the district heating system of the City. An economic assessment was made
with a pessimistic and an optimistic prediction of the solar heat cost for
ground mounted collectors and roof mounted collectors. The seasonal storage
was chosen to be pit thermal energy storage; the system was modeled as a
low-temperature district heating system with the real thermal demands of a
district heating plant.
Preliminary design and modelling of a gas-fired thermoelectric generator
Authors: Klimanek Adam , Kostowski Wojciech , Burda Grzegorz , Bargiel Paweł , Szlęk Andrzej , Górny Krzysztof
Published: May 2016

The paper discusses modelling of coupled heat transfer and electricity
generation in a thermoelectric generator designed for reliable island-mode
power supply. The considered generator is a new concept of a low power supply
(50 W) whose aim is to provide electricity for remote gas pressure reduction
stations with the purpose to maintain the control and automation equipment.
This equipment contributes to the system safety and minimizes the risk of
unintended methane emissions. The thermoelectric generator is designed for
reliable and maintenance-free operation and power supply. Natural gas is
burned in a partially premixed burner and the flue gas heats the hot side of
the thermoelectric generator. The combustion air cools the cold side of the
thermoelectric generator, providing the temperature difference required for
electricity generation occurring based on the Seebeck effect. The flow of air
and flue gas through the system is driven by chimney draft. The developed
model couples the heat transfer on the hot and the cold side, as well as the
generation of electrical energy inside the thermoelectric modules. The model
takes into account convection and conduction in the gas flow conduits and in
finned heat exchangers of the cold and hot sides. The analysis demonstrates
the relevance of design and operational parameters on the boundary
temperatures of the thermoelectric modules. The obtained results will be used
in further (ongoing) phase leading to the design and construction of a
prototype electricity generator dedicated for island-mode supply.
A dynamic model of an innovative high-temperature solar heating and cooling system
Authors: Buonomano Annamaria , Calise Francesco , Vicidomini Maria
Published: May 2016

In this paper a new simulation model of a novel solar heating and cooling
system based on innovative high temperature flat plate evacuated solar
thermal collector is presented. The system configuration includes: flat-plate
evacuated solar collectors, a double-stage LiBr-H2O absorption chiller,
gas-fired auxiliary heater, a closed loop cooling tower, pumps, heat
exchangers, storage tanks, valves, mixers and controllers. The novelty of
this study lies in the utilization of flat-plate stationary solar collectors,
manufactured by TVP Solar, rather than concentrating ones (typically adopted
for driving double-stage absorption chillers). Such devices show ultra-high
thermal efficiencies, even at very high (about 200?C) operating temperatures,
thanks to the high vacuum insulation. Aim of the paper is to analyse the
energy and economic feasibility of such novel technology, by including it in
a prototypal solar heating and cooling system. For this purpose, the solar
heating and cooling system design and performance were analysed by means of a
purposely developed dynamic simulation model, implemented in TRNSYS. A
suitable case study is also presented. Here, the simulated plant is conceived
for the space heating and cooling and the domestic hot water production of a
small building, whose energy needs are fulfilled through a real installation
(settled also for experimental purposes) built up close to Naples (South
Italy). Simulation results show that the investigated system is able to reach
high thermal efficiencies and very good energy performance. Finally, the
economic analysis shows results comparable to those achieved through similar
renewable energy systems.
The role of biomass to replace fossil fuels in a regional energy system: The case of west Sweden
Authors: Kjärstad Jan , Johnsson Filip
Published: May 2016

This paper analyses the potential role of biomass to meet regional CO2
emission reduction targets up to year 2050 in two counties in the west of
Sweden. It is concluded that the region could double its production capacity
of solid biomass to 2030, from 6 to 12 TWh. Modelling of the electricity
sector in the region indicates that bio-based electricity generation in
combined heat and power plants could almost triple by 2050 while at the same
time replace fossil based generation in district heating. Biomass can also
contribute to fuel shift in the transport sector. Yet, the transport sector
requires a series of actions to significantly reduce demand in combination
with use of electricity and biofuels and its transformation is obviously
strongly linked to an overall transformation of the European transport
sector. The total need for biomass could potentially increase from 14 TWh in
2010 to 48 TWh already from 2040, considering the electricity and transport
sectors and under the assumption that large energy savings can be achieved in
the building sector and that all fossil based heat generation can be replaced
by biomass heating. Assuming that biomass also replace the fossil based raw
materials used by the industry, including three refineries, requires 170 TWh
biomass to be compared to the 130 TWh currently used for the entire Sweden.
Fine tuning of dwelling time in friction stir welding for preventing material overheating, weld tensile strength increase and weld nugget size decrease
Authors: Mijajlovic Miroslav , Vidojkovic Sonja
Published: May 2016

After successful welding, destructive testing into test samples from Al 2024-T351 friction stir butt welds showed that tensile strength of the weld improve along the joint line, while dimensions of the weld nugget decrease. For those welds, both the base material and the welding tool constantly cool down during the welding phase. Obviously, the base material became overheated during the long dwelling phase what made conditions for creation of joints with the reduced mechanical properties. Preserving all process parameters but varying the dwelling time from 5-27 seconds a new set of welding is done to reach maximal achievable tensile strength. An analytical-numerical-experimental model is used for optimising the duration of the dwelling time while searching for the maximal tensile strength of the welds
St. Joseph Field Waterflood Project: Fractured Water Injection Using Smart Well Technology
Authors: Harris Darryl , Du Rieu Nicolette G. , Rollett Keith Ian
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

St Joseph is a mature oil field offshore Sabah, Malaysia. It has been on production since 1981, gas injection started in 1996. A large re-development project is planned to install water flooding and restore offshore living quarters. First water will be injected in 2010.

The total project scope entails installation of a new platform for offshore living quarters and seawater treatment & injection facilities plus drilling of six horizontal water injector wells and five infill wells. Treated seawater will be used as injection fluid at a total rate of 60,000 bwpd.

A high degree of zonal control is required in the water injectors, because of the laminated nature of the reservoir and historical problems with controlling water and gas breakthrough through high permeability streaks. The selected concept for the water injector wells is a horizontal well injecting under fracturing conditions, completed on five zones. It is intended that injection will be into two zones simultaneously, alternating between zones several times a year. This concept is not feasible without the use of smart technology: Each zone will be fitted with a flow control valve and dual downhole pressure gauge to allow remote control. There are significant challenges and benefits associated with a five-zone smart completion. This approach is expected to provide the necessary control to allow the optimisation of the water injection flood front for maximising oil recovery.

The selected well concept provides substantial modelling challenges: Within the industry there is limited experience with fracture models, so initial dynamic modeling was done assuming matrix injection but with ongoing research work to account for fractured injection. Eventually, the dynamic model output is required to determine the operational strategy for the injection wells during the producing life: to determine when zone change needs to take place and which zones get priority.
Integrated Fracture Evaluation of a Malaysian Basement Well Drilled with Oil Based Mud
Authors: Malim Edna , Daungkaew Saifon , Hansen Steven Michael , Lim Lee Chin , Hussain Riasat , Aung Than Oo , Kurniawan Simon , Zulkefli Zairul Asrah
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

In Malaysia, naturally fractured basement reservoirs around the Malay basin are being explored for additional reserves. Such reservoirs are targets by new technology tools thus allowing an optimized formation evaluation program. These reservoirs are more difficult and expensive to be evaluated compared to a conventional reservoir due to its challenging environment. This paper presents the challenges and results of the formation evaluation program in one of the fractured basement reservoirs. This particular well is a highly-deviated well drilled with oil-based mud (OBM) as it was believed that the borehole wall failures and fracture damage which occurred in previous wells was due to water-based mud (WBM) system. Current image-based fracture evaluation techniques were developed for WBM systems. However, a comparatively limited fracture analysis can still be done with the Dual Oil-base MicroImager (OBMI2) in OBM. There are inherent limitations that prevent interpreters from performing a full fracture analysis beyond fracture identification, orientation and fracture density quantification. This uncertainty could be reduced by combining the borehole image results with dual packer wireline formation tester (WFT), Sonic Scanner reflection imaging and Stoneley data:–The WFT results were used to determine whether fractures within a certain zone were open or healed. Fluid identification was performed during fluid sampling. Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) was then carried out to gain respective reservoir parameters such as permeability thickness and skin factor.–The Stoneley fracture analysis is intended to detect open fractures with significant fluid flow. The energy loss and variation in Stoneley velocity is correlatable with fracture densities derived from OBMI and help to characterize the fracture behavior. Borehole Acoustic Reflection Survey imaging also delivers high-resolution acoustic images around the well to identify sub-seismic inter beds, faults or fractures far beyond the resolution from any seismic surveys.
Extended Reach Horizontal Well Drilling and Placement Using 3D - Visualization and Integrated Geosteering Techniques
Authors: Butt Parvez Jamil , Sayed Raza Hassan , Day Timothy George , Behair Abdallah Mohammad , Dossari Saleh M.
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

The emergence of extended reach horizontal drilling technology offers unique opportunities for improved hydrocarbon recovery. There has been a steady progression in the vertical depth and horizontal departure length of ERD wells. In Saudi Arabia, development drilling programs increasingly require directionally drilled well trajectories to reach the bottom hole targets. Recent developments in horizontal well-placement and drilling technology enabled us to successfully drill and geosteer one of the longest openhole power water injector wells in Saudi Arabia. Complexities in the placement of this extended reach well located on the flank of a field included : a target that was characterized by high formation dip andno offset well control, leading to the reservoir having unknown structural dip and azimuth.

It is also common for ERD-well paths to cross faults, sometimes with unfavorable displacements and orientations. Advance geosteering methods using 3D visualization and real-time borehole images were utilized to detect a sub-seismic fault, and successfully side track and steer the well to remain in good porosity for the entire horizontal section. Real-time images enabled an accurate depiction of the formation dip. Combined with 3D structural modeling updates, this approach proved invaluable in successfully placing this extended reach borehole.
History & Analysis of Chrome Tubing Completions at Prudhoe Bay Alaska
Authors: Julian Jennifer Yvonne , Rossberg Robert Steven
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Description: 13-Chrome is replacing carbon steel tubing in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska to ensure that field life is maximized. 13-Chrome tubulars have replaced approximately 40% of the producing well tubulars since its introduction in the 1990's. There have been several mechanisms for premature failure in the chrome, and these are identified in this paper. To date, 18 tubing straddles have been run to mitigate annular communication. A thorough analysis of the reason these straddles were run has been completed and this paper will present the results.

Application:

As oilfields mature, they face well integrity issues. Chrome tubing has been run in many fields to mitigate CO2 (sweet) corrosion. Prudhoe Bay has been renewing its wellstock at a rapid pace. Although the majority of tubing calipers indicate that chrome is the correct metallurgical choice for Prudhoe Bay, there still have been failures in chrome tubing.

Results, Observations, Conclusions: An investigation of straddle remediations performed to date has made several conclusions. It has been determined that most of the straddles have been set across gas lift mandrels and their corresponding pup joints. In most occurrences, flow cut gas-lift valves and mandrels were at fault. Several solutions have been investigated to correct these mechanical failures. One solution is installing flow collars above and below the gas-lift mandrels to reduce turbulence. Operational best practices are also described, including lowering pump rates down the "A" annulus and well kick-off procedures. These will be of interest to the industry because they can help reduce premature failures.

Significance of Subject Matter: This paper will be of interest to the industry which is focused on long term solutions for tubulars. Prudhoe Bay is one of the largest gas-lifted fields in the world, and these findings can apply to any gaslifted wells, not just chrome completions. Costly well work can be reduced by preventing premature tubing replacement by rig work overs or by setting straddles. Production can also be maximized by eliminating downtime for diagnostics and repair.
Hammerless Union - The Safer Alternative
Authors: Crawford Paul B. , Graf Jake
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

The hammerless union is the next generation of union type products targeted at eliminating injuries associated with hammer union make-up. A guided hammer is connected to the union, and a few efficient ‘sweet spot’ strokes are all that is needed for proper make-up or rig down. This new union and tool are the collaborative user-manufacturer result of dozens of prototype trials in controlled shop environments and several field tests over a 2 year period. A study and final report from a licensed orthopedic physician confirmed that "tennis elbow" was not a significant risk with proper use of the tool.

Anticipated applications are well service temporary flowlines, with particular applications in fracturing, stimulation, cementing and process and pipelines operations. However, any area in which space is constrained or in which swinging a hammer is dangerous is a probable fit. The product is designed to be retro-fitted to existing Flowline products, greatly reducing the financial impact of switching costs.

This product was inspired by safety and the need to eliminate hammer related injuries. The product eliminates shrapnel, accidental hammer impacts, and repetitive use injuries. It also eliminates the need to grind lugs and increases the life of the unions, thus again reducing risk and costs associated with maintenance activities.

A patent application has been submitted for the hammerless union, tool, and the combination. The hammer union has been in use in the oil and gas industry for over 70 years. The hammerless union may be the first effort to successfully and practically replace the hammer in a significant part of make up operations. It also provides this safety incentive with little or no adverse effect to work productivity.

This paper will cover the development, testing and field trials emphasizing improved safety and user satisfaction.