bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative correlation functions from homotopy algebras
Authors: Konosu Keisuke , Okawa Yuji
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The formula for correlation functions based on quantum A
∞ algebras in arXiv:2203.05366, arXiv:2305.11634, and arXiv:2305.13103 requires us to divide the action into the free part and the interaction part. We present a new form of the formula which does not involve such division. The new formula requires us to choose a solution to the equations of motion which does not have to be real, and we claim that the formula gives correlation functions evaluated on the Lefschetz thimble associated with the solution we chose. Our formula correctly reproduces correlation functions in perturbation theory, but it can be valid nonperturbatively, and we present numerical evidence for scalar field theories in zero dimensions both in the Euclidean case and the Lorentzian case that correlation functions for finite coupling constants can be reproduced. When the theory consists of a single Lefschetz thimble, our formula gives correlation functions of the theory by choosing the solution corresponding to the thimble. When the theory consists of multiple Lefschetz thimbles, we need to evaluate the ratios of the partition functions for those thimbles and we describe a method of such evaluations based on quantum A
∞ algebras in a forthcoming paper.
NLO QCD predictions for $$ t\overline{t}\gamma $$ with realistic photon isolation
Authors: Stremmer Daniel , Worek Malgorzata
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We present a complete description of top quark pair production in association with a hard photon in the di-lepton decay channel. The calculation is performed at NLO QCD and includes all resonant and non-resonant Feynman diagrams, interferences, and finite-width effects of the top quarks and W
±/Z gauge bosons. We provide the results for the pp →

$$ {e}^{+}{\nu}_e\ {\mu}^{-}\ \overline{\nu}\ b\overline{b}\ \gamma $$

e
+

ν
e

μ
−

ν
¯

b

b
¯

γ

+ X process using the fixed-cone, smooth-cone and hybrid-photon isolation criteria. The fixed-cone isolation criterion allows contributions from collinear photon radiation off QCD partons, which requires the inclusion of parton-to-photon fragmention processes. To this end, we include the latter contributions into our computational framework. We quantify the impact of different photon-isolation prescriptions on the integrated and differential cross-section predictions for the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of

$$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13.6 TeV. Our state-of-the-art NLO QCD results with the fixed-cone criterion allow us to reproduce the photon-isolation prescription employed in ATLAS and CMS. This will help to improve future comparisons with the LHC data.
Subtraction of the $$ t\overline{t} $$ contribution in $$ tW\overline{b} $$ production at the one-loop level
Authors: Dong Liang , Li Hai Tao , Li Zheng-Yu , Wang Jian
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The

$$ tW\overline{b} $$

tW

b
¯

production contributes to the real corrections to the tW cross section. It would interfere with the top quark pair production, causing difficulties in a clear definition of the

$$ tW\overline{b} $$

tW

b
¯

events. The subtraction of the

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

contributions has been performed in the diagram removal or diagram subtraction schemes for the tree-level processes. However, these schemes rely on the ability to identify the double resonant diagrams and thus can not be extended to loop diagrams. We propose a new scheme to subtract the

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

contributions by power expansion of the squared amplitude in the resonant region. In order to cancel the infra-red divergences of the loop amplitudes, a widely used method is to introduce the dipole counter-terms, an ingredient in calculations of the full next-to-leading order QCD corrections. In our scheme, these counter-terms are also power-expanded. As a proof of principle, we calculate the one-loop correction to the

$$ d\overline{d} $$

d

d
¯

→

$$ \overline{b} Wt $$

b
¯

Wt

process, and present the invariant mass distribution of the

$$ W\overline{b} $$

W

b
¯

system.
Collective coordinates method for long-range kink collisions
Authors: Campos J. G. F. , Mohammadi A. , Romanczukiewicz T.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In this paper, we explored a class of potentials with three minima that support kink solutions exhibiting one long-range tail. We analyzed antikink-kink interactions using an effective Lagrangian based on collective coordinates and compared the results to those obtained from full dynamical simulations. To this end, we constructed the collective coordinates with the antikink-kink configuration, and also a generalized Derrick mode, choosing the kink position and the Derrick mode amplitude as the moduli. For the antikink-kink configuration, we utilized the impurity ansatz proposed in [1]. We also studied the interaction of wobbling kinks where the lowest delocalized mode is excited.
T-duality for non-critical heterotic strings
Authors: Parra De Freitas Héctor
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We consider non-critical heterotic strings compactified on S
1. For full rank theories, they are related to odd self-dual lattices and are structurally of the same form as the critical non-supersymmetric theories. For dimensions up to 14 the associated moduli spaces are Coxeter polytopes already studied by Vinberg and Kaplinskaya. In the heterotic string context, the Coxeter diagrams of these moduli spaces are related through transformations representing the process of dimension changing tachyon condensation of Hellerman-Swanson. For dimensions 8 and 6 respectively on S
1 and T
2 we show that at special points in the moduli space the subcritical string is the CHS background for two coincident NS5-branes and the intersection of two such pairs. These configurations are interpreted as an end result of condensing heterotic winding tachyons along one or two Scherck-Schwarz circles at self-dual radius. We give evidence that in the first case there is a T-duality between the pair of NS5-branes and a recently constructed non-supersymmetric heterotic 6-brane.
Sphere quantization of Higgs and Coulomb branches and Analytic Symplectic Duality
Authors: Gaiotto Davide
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We employ the protected sphere correlation functions of three-dimensional Super Conformal Field Theories with eight supercharges in order to define a quantization of their Higgs and Coulomb branches of vacua as real phase spaces. We also employ hemisphere correlation functions to define a quantization of certain real loci in the Higgs and Coulomb branches. Localization formulae and dualities applied to these quantizations result in a body of predictions about unitary representations of certain algebras, which may perhaps be understood as an “analytic” form of the symplectic duality program. In particular, the protected correlation functions in the class of theories denoted as T[G] are naturally related to the theory of unitary representations of complex or real semi-simple Lie groups.
The massless S-matrix of integrable σ-models
Authors: Georgiou George
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In contradistinction to the case of massive excitations, the connection between integrability and the tree-level massless scattering matrix of integrable σ-models is lost. Namely, in well-known 2-d integrable models the tree-level massless S-matrix exhibits particle production and fails to factorise. This is conjectured to happen due to IR ambiguities in the massless tree-level amplitudes. We present a definition of the massless S-matrix which has all the nice properties of integrable theories, there is no particle production and the S-matrix factorises. Our definition works for the large class of σ-models with one or more isometries. As an example, we present in detail the case of the SU(2) principal chiral model (PCM).
Shining light on the dark sector: search for axion-like particles and other new physics in photonic final states with FASER
Authors:   The FASER collaboration, Abraham Roshan Mammen , Ai Xiaocong , Anders John , Antel Claire , Ariga Akitaka , Ariga Tomoko , Atkinson Jeremy , Bernlochner Florian U. , Bianchi Emma , Boeckh Tobias , Boyd Jamie , Brenner Lydia , Burger Angela , Cadoux Franck , Cardella Roberto , Casper David W. , Cavanagh Charlotte , Chen Xin , Cho Eunhyung , Chouhan Dhruv , Coccaro Andrea , Débieux Stephane , D’Onofrio Monica , Desai Ansh , Dmitrievsky Sergey , Dobre Radu , Eley Sinead , Favre Yannick , Fellers Deion , Feng Jonathan L. , Fenoglio Carlo Alberto , Ferrere Didier , Fieg Max , Filali Wissal , Firu Elena , Galantay Edward , Garabaglu Ali , Gibson Stephen , Gonzalez-Sevilla Sergio , Gornushkin Yuri , Gwilliam Carl , Hayakawa Daiki , Holzbock Michael , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Hu Zhen , Iacobucci Giuseppe , Inada Tomohiro , Iodice Luca , Jakobsen Sune , Joos Hans , Kajomovitz Enrique , Kawahara Hiroaki , Keyken Alex , Kling Felix , Köck Daniela , Kontaxakis Pantelis , Kose Umut , Kotitsa Rafaella , Kuehn Susanne , Kugathasan Thanushan , Levinson Lorne , Li Ke , Liu Jinfeng , Liu Yi , Lutz Margaret S. , MacDonald Jack , Magliocca Chiara , Mäkelä Toni , McCoy Lawson , McFayden Josh , Medina Andrea Pizarro , Milanesio Matteo , Moretti Théo , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Nevay Laurie , Ohashi Ken , Otono Hidetoshi , Paolozzi Lorenzo , Petersen Brian , Preda Titi , Prim Markus , Queitsch-Maitland Michaela , Rokujo Hiroki , Rubbia André , Sabater-Iglesias Jorge , Sato Osamu , Scampoli Paola , Schmieden Kristof , Schott Matthias , Sfyrla Anna , Sgalaberna Davide , Shamim Mansoora , Shively Savannah , Takubo Yosuke , Tarannum Noshin , Theiner Ondrej , Torrence Eric , Valdes Martinez Oscar Ivan , Vasina Svetlana , Vormwald Benedikt , Wang Di , Wang Yuxiao , Welch Eli , Xu Yue , Zahorec Samuel , Zambito Stefano , Zhang Shunliang
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The first FASER search for a light, long-lived particle decaying into a pair of photons is reported. The search uses LHC proton-proton collision data at

$$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13.6 TeV collected in 2022 and 2023, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 57.7 fb
−1. A model with axion-like particles (ALPs) dominantly coupled to weak gauge bosons is the primary target. Signal events are characterised by high-energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter and no signal in the veto scintillators. One event is observed, compared to a background expectation of 0.44 ± 0.39 events, which is entirely dominated by neutrino interactions. World-leading constraints on ALPs are obtained for masses up to 300 MeV and couplings to the Standard Model W gauge boson, g

aWW
, around 10
−4 GeV
−1, testing a previously unexplored region of parameter space. Other new particle models that lead to the same experimental signature, including ALPs coupled to gluons or photons, U(1)
B
gauge bosons, up-philic scalars, and a Type-I two-Higgs doublet model, are also considered for interpretation, and new constraints on previously viable parameter space are presented in this paper.
Wie lassen sich Hürden bei der Versorgung mit digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) überwinden? Eine Betrachtung des Patientenpfads bei unipolarer Depression
Authors: Schneider Brit S. , Koerber Florian , Kreuzenbeck Cordula C. J. , Brenner Sophie
Published: February 2025

Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) können eine wichtige Rolle bei der Behandlung von unipolarer Depression spielen. In Deutschland ist der Bedarf hoch, jedoch nutzen weniger als 1 % der Patienten DiGA, was auf bestehende Hürden hinweist. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Zugangs- und Nutzungshürden auf dem Patientenpfad und diskutiert Lösungsansätze, um die Verbreitung und Nutzung digitaler Therapien zu verbessern.

Basierend auf der Nationalen VersorgungsLeitlinie (NVL) Unipolare Depression (2022) wurde ein Patientenpfad mit den Phasen „Entscheidung“, „Zugang“ und „Nutzung“ entwickelt. Anhand dieser Struktur wurden auf Basis aktueller Literatur bestehende Versorgungshürden identifiziert sowie Lösungsansätze abgeleitet. Die narrative Übersicht zeigt, dass verschiedene Faktoren den effektiven Einsatz von DiGA beeinträchtigen. In der Entscheidungsphase sind mangelndes Wissen über DiGA und fehlendes Vertrauen in ihre Wirksamkeit zentrale Herausforderungen. In der Zugangsphase stellen Datenschutzbedenken und bürokratische Hürden wesentliche Barrieren dar. Während der Nutzungsphase führen Schwierigkeiten bei der Anwendung und eine geringe Adhärenz zu einer eingeschränkten Wirksamkeit.

Um diese Hürden zu überwinden, werden mehrere Lösungsansätze vorgeschlagen. Eine umfassende Aufklärung über die Wirksamkeit digitaler Therapien könnte das Vertrauen in DiGA stärken. Verbesserungen in der Benutzerfreundlichkeit und eine stärkere Einbindung von Behandelnden könnten die Akzeptanz und Adhärenz erhöhen. Zudem könnten gezielte Schulungen für Fachkräfte und Patienten die Nutzung von DiGA fördern. Diese Erkenntnisse sind auch für andere Anwendungsbereiche digitaler Therapien relevant.
IDH-mutant astrocytomas with primitive neuronal component have a distinct methylation profile and a higher risk of leptomeningeal spread
Authors: Hinz Felix , Friedel Dennis , Korshunov Andrey , Ippen Franziska M. , Bogumil Henri , Banan Rouzbeh , Brandner Sebastian , Hasselblatt Martin , Boldt Henning B. , Dirse Vaidas , Dohmen Hildegard , Aronica Eleonora , Brodhun Michael , Broekman Marike L. D. , Capper David , Cherkezov Asan , Deng Maximilian Y. , van Dis Vera , Felsberg Jörg , Frank Stephan , French Pim J. , Gerlach Rüdiger , Göbel Kirsten , Goold Eric , Hench Jürgen , Kantelhardt Sven , Kohlhof-Meinecke Patricia , Krieg Sandro , Mawrin Christian , Morrison Gillian , Mühlebner Angelika , Ozduman Koray , Pfister Stefan M. , Poliani Pietro Luigi , Prinz Marco , Reifenberger Guido , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Sankowski Roman , Schrimpf Daniel , Sill Martin , Snuderl Matija , Verdijk Robert M. , Voisin Mathew R. , Wesseling Pieter , Wick Wolfgang , Reuss David E. , von Deimling Andreas , Sahm Felix , Maas Sybren L. N. , Suwala Abigail K.
Published: February 2025

IDH-mutant astrocytomas are diffuse gliomas that are defined by characteristic mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 and do not have complete 1p/19q co-deletion. The established grading criteria include histological features of brisk mitotic activity (grade 3) and necrosis and/or microvascular proliferation (grade 4). In addition, homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A/B locus has recently been implemented as a molecular marker for grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas. Here, we describe a subgroup of high-grade IDH-mutant astrocytomas characterised by a primitive neuronal component based on histology and a distinct DNA methylation profile (n = 51, ASTRO PNC). Misinterpretation as carcinoma metastasis was common, since GFAP expression was absent in the primitive neuronal component, whereas TTF-1 expression was detected in 15/19 cases (79%) based on immunohistochemistry. Apart from mutations in IDH1, TP53, and ATRX, we observed enrichment for alterations in RB1 (n = 19/51, 37%) and MYCN (n = 14/51, 27%). Homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion (n = 1/51, 2%) and CDK4 amplification (n = 3/51, 6%) were relatively rare events. Clinical (n = 31 patients) and survival data (n = 23 patients) indicate a clinical behaviour similar to other CNS WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, however with an increased risk for leptomeningeal (n = 7) and extra-axial (n = 2) spread. Taken together, ASTRO PNC is defined by a distinct molecular and histological appearance that can mimic metastatic disease and typically follows an aggressive clinical course.
Conservative treatment of knee arthrofibrosis according to a cellular cytokine-based model
Authors: Wakolbinger-Habel Robert , Gaudernak Jakob , Scheffold Brigitte Elisabeth , Fiala Rainer , Breuer Robert , Bittner-Frank Martin , Lang Clemens , Zehetner-Nics Helena , Oljaca Ana , Mousavi Mehdi , Paternostro-Sluga Tatjana
Published: February 2025

Background

Arthrofibrosis (AF) is a relatively frequent complication after knee surgery, leading to painful limitation of joint mobility. Currently, intense stretching is performed in many patients, without improvements in mobility. A novel concept, established on a cellular, cytokine-based model, advocates to consider the warning function of pain and to terminate forced joint mobilization to disrupt the cycle of arthrofibrosis. Based on these findings, our clinic developed a comprehensive antifibrotic treatment protocol. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the patients treated so far.

Methods

Patients treated at the Clinic Donaustadt, an academic teaching hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, according to the clinic’s AF protocol, were evaluated by reviewing their records. Patellar mobility, range of motion, tightness, overheat, pain, general mobility, assistive devices, working status and the necessity of additional surgery were assessed at baseline, after 2 months and after 12 months (follow-up).

Results

Four patients were treated according to the AF protocol. After two months, patellar mobility and range of motion clearly increased in three out of four patients. At the follow-up examination, patella mobility further increased, extension was complete, flexion at least 120°, and symptoms such as tightness, overheating, nocturnal pain and pain after activity had disappeared in three out of four patients. None of the patients had analgesics or walking aids and three out of four patients had returned to work. Out of the four patients, three expressed high satisfaction with the AF protocol and reported no limitations in daily life, including recreational activities.

Conclusion

Based on this pilot evaluation, the comprehensive conservative AF program seems to have high potential. Therefore, larger future studies should be conducted to validate this concept.
Multi-modal consistent loss diffusion model for Sentinel-3 single image super resolution
Authors: Ibañez Damian , Fernandez-Beltran Ruben , Pla Filiberto , Yokoya Naoto , Xia Junshi
Published: February 2025

In the context of Earth observation, the trade-off between spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution often limits the versatility of remote sensing images in many important applications. In response, this paper introduces a novel deep learning diffusion model, specifically tailored to improve the spatial resolution of the optical products acquired by the Sentinel-3 (S3) satellite. Our framework employs a diffusion probabilistic model, benefiting from the higher spatial resolution of the Sentinel-2 satellite during training via a new multi-modal loss formulation. This ensures consistency with the original S3 images while enhancing the spatial details. Two distinct conditional low-resolution encoders were experimented with, providing insights into their respective contributions to the diffusion process. The efficacy of the proposed model is demonstrated through extensive ablation studies and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods, using both synthetic and real S3 products. The findings indicate that our model successfully improves spatial resolution while maintaining the integrity of the spectral information, contributing to the field of remote sensing single-image super-resolution.
Hydrogeological analysis of topography-driven groundwater flow in a low temperature geothermal aquifer system in the Julian Alps, Slovenia
Authors: Serianz Luka , Markelj Anže , Rman Nina , Brenčič Mihael , Mádl-Szőnyi Judit
Published: February 2025

Groundwater flow and heat distribution was investigated in the regional karstic-fissured aquifer-aquitard system near Lake Bled in the Slovenian, eastern Julian Alps. The area features thermal springs with temperatures of 19–23 °C which are exploited by abstraction wells. The occurrence of low-temperature geothermal systems, which are common in the Alps, are associated with specific hydrogeological conditions, such as vertical hydraulic connectivity between different geological formations, relatively large elevation differences along flow paths, and the concentrated upwelling of geothermal water to the surface. The occurrence of the low-temperature geothermal field is explained by the presence of a hydraulically conductive fault along with a regional groundwater flow pattern that supports deep groundwater circulation. Hydraulic measurements and temperature data were collected from springs and wells in the area to support the analysis of flow patterns, together with the construction of a basin-scale 2D numerical flow and heat transport simulation. The diverse topographic and geological conditions result in a multi-scale groundwater flow system. The discharge of thermal waters in the Lake Bled area is a consequence of the upwelling of deep groundwater induced by a combination of the ~ 650 m difference in hydraulic head and hydrogeological heterogeneity and anisotropy, related to faulting of the geological formations. In addition, individual flow subsystems were found to significantly affect the natural heat distribution and travel times within the basin-scale system. The study highlights the combination of a basin scale approach taking into consideration local to regional-scale heterogeneities and faults in order to better understand the hydrogeological behaviour of Alpine groundwater systems.
Catalytic production of aviation jet biofuels from biomass: a review
Authors: Mansy Ahmed E. , Daniel Samuel , Fonzeu Monguen Cedric Karel , Wang Hao , Osman Ahmed I. , Tian Zhen-Yu
Published: February 2025

The aviation sector is a major emitter of fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide contributing to global warming. For instance, jet fuel consumed by the aviation industry is 1.5–1.7 billion barrels per year, resulting in 705 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Aircraft manufacturers have set ambitious goals, aiming for carbon-free growth post-2020 and a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. This issue can be solved by replacing fossil fuels with biofuels produced from modern biomass, thus meeting the carbon neutral objective. Here, we review the technologies to convert biomass into jet biofuel with focus on reactants, catalysts, and the chemistry of combustion. Reactants include alcohols, oil, esters, fatty acids, gas and sugars. Catalysts include Fischer–Tropsch catalysts, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, nickel, and molybdenum. The utilization of jet biofuels could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80%. We also discuss economic implications.
Hindrances to Tighter Interprofessional Collaboration in Singapore: A Qualitative Study on Primary and Secondary School Counsellors
Authors: Chin Ryan Wei Xiong , Low Poi Kee
Published: February 2025

Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is defined as the process by which professionals from different roles coordinate their efforts to provide a smooth, coherent delivery of services. In this study the current literature on the Singapore context through the perspectives of school counsellors was highlighted. This study aims to enhance understanding of the nature of IPC and identify factors that hinder and facilitate IPC. A qualitative study design was employed, conducting face-to-face and online semi-structured interviews with 10 school counsellors who are working/had worked in mainstream primary and secondary schools in Singapore. Reflective thematic analysis was utilised for data analysis. Three main themes relating to the nature of IPC emerged: (1) School Counsellors Recognised the Essentiality of IPC, (2) Evolving Relationships, and (3) Adapting to Multifaceted and Dynamic Situations. Subthemes related to factors influencing IPC. The three main themes contributed to the overarching theme, Struggles of Engaging in IPC, that school counsellors faced, whereby their strong desire to collaborate was hindered by barriers faced. Implications to research and practise are discussed.
Stochastic event-based probabilistic earthquake risk assessment framework for Uganda: towards informing the National Policy for Disaster preparedness and management
Authors: Oleng Morris , Ozdemir Zuhal , Pilakoutas Kypros
Published: February 2025

Catastrophic earthquakes in Uganda have the potential for detrimental consequences on the socio-economic welfare and resilience of communities. Despite considerable efforts in predicting earthquake risk across Africa, a national comprehensive seismic risk study for Uganda does not exist. With increasing population, urbanisation and rapid construction, seismic risk is escalating fast and is compounded by the high vulnerability of buildings and scanty disaster prevention and mitigation strategies. This study uses the probabilistic event-based risk calculator of the OpenQuake-engine to assess potential risks resulting from future earthquakes. Although the building exposure model is largely inferred and projected from the national population and housing census of 2014, total replacement costs are obtained by performing series of interviews with local engineering practitioners. Analytical vulnerability curves are selected from Global Earthquake Model (GEM) database. Seismic hazard studies confirm that western Uganda is exposed to the highest level of seismicity where peak ground accelerations on rock ground can reach up to 0.27 g over a 475-year return period. Relative to Uganda’s gross domestic product, the associated seismic risk estimates indicate mean economic loss ratios of 0.36%, 2.72% and 4.94% over 10, 50 and 100-year return periods respectively; with mean annual economic loss of US$ 74.7 million (0.34% relative to the total replacement value) and annual deaths averaging 71 persons across the whole country. It is envisaged that the findings will inform strategic land use planning patterns, earthquake insurance pricing and foster the continuous improvement of Uganda’s National Policy for Disaster Preparedness and Management.
Gene expression profiling tests to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in lymph node-positive early breast cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Cooper Katy , Nalbant Gamze , Essat Munira , Harnan Sue , Wong Ruth , Hamilton Jean , Asghar Uzma S. , Battisti Nicolò M. L. , Wyld Lynda , Tappenden Paul
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To systematically review the effectiveness of gene expression profiling tests to inform adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in people with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), lymph node-positive (LN+) breast cancer.

Methods

This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of Oncotype DX, Prosigna, EndoPredict and MammaPrint for guiding adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in HR+ early breast cancer with 1–3 positive nodes, in terms of prognostic ability, prediction of chemotherapy benefit, impact on chemotherapy decisions, quality of life and anxiety. Searches covered MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases in April 2023.

Results

Fifty-five articles were included. All four tests were prognostic for distant recurrence in LN+ patients. The RxPONDER trial reported no chemotherapy benefit in post-menopausal LN+ patients with low Oncotype DX (RS 0–25), whilst pre-menopausal patients had statistically significant chemotherapy benefit. An RCT reanalysis of Oncotype DX (SWOG-8814) suggested greater chemotherapy benefit with higher RS in post-menopausal LN+ patients. The MINDACT trial reported that LN+ patients with high clinical risk and low MammaPrint risk had a non-statistically significant chemotherapy benefit, but was not designed assess differential chemotherapy benefit per risk group. Decisions to undergo chemotherapy reduced by 12–75% following Oncotype DX testing in LN+ patients in the UK and Europe. No studies in LN+ populations were identified for prediction of chemotherapy benefit by Prosigna or EndoPredict; or for chemotherapy decisions for Prosigna, EndoPredict or MammaPrint; or for anxiety or quality of life impact for any test.

Conclusions

All four tests have prognostic ability in LN+ patients. Evidence on predictive benefit is weaker, with equivocal evidence that Oncotype DX may predict chemotherapy benefit in LN+ post-menopausal patients. Use of Oncotype DX leads to fewer patients being recommended chemotherapy.
Patient-reported outcomes after immediate and delayed DIEP-flap breast reconstruction in the setting of post-mastectomy radiation therapy—results of the multicenter UMBRELLA breast cancer cohort
Authors: Jansen Britt A. M. , Bargon Claudia A. , Bouman Maria A. , van der Molen Dieuwke R. Mink , Postma Emily. L. , van der Leij Femke , Zonnevylle Erik , Ruhe Quinten , Bruekers Sven E. , Maarse Wiesje , Siesling Sabine , Young-Afat Danny A. , Doeksen Annemiek , Verkooijen Helena M. ,   UMBRELLA study group
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Timing of Deep Inferior Epigastric artery Perforator (DIEP)-flap breast reconstruction in the context of post-mastectomy radiotherapy for breast cancer patients is topic of debate. We compared the impact of immediate (before radiotherapy) versus delayed (after radiotherapy) DIEP-flap breast reconstruction (IBR versus DBR) on short- and long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods

Within the prospective, multicenter breast cancer cohort (UMBRELLA), we identified 88 women who underwent immediate or delayed DIEP-flap breast reconstruction and received PMRT. At 6 and 12 months post-mastectomy, as well as on long-term (≥ 12 months post-reconstruction) body image, breast symptoms, physical functioning, and pain were measured by EORTC-QLQ-30/BR23. Additionally, long-term evaluation included satisfaction with breast(s), physical well-being and self-reported adverse effects of radiation as measured by BREAST-Q, and late treatment toxicity. PROs were compared between groups using independent sample T-test.

Results

IBR was performed in 56 patients (64%) and DBR in 32 patients (36%), with 15 months of median time to reconstruction. At 6 and 12 months post-mastectomy, better body image and physical functioning were observed after IBR. No statistically nor clinically relevant differences were observed in long-term EORTC and BREAST-Q outcomes (median follow-up 37–41 months for IBR vs. 42–46 months for DBR). Patients with IBR reported more fibrosis and movement restriction (median follow-up 29 vs. 61 months, resp.).

Conclusion

Long-term PROs were comparable for patients with IBR and DBR, despite more patient-reported fibrosis and movement restriction after IBR. Therefore, both treatment pathways can be considered when opting for autologous breast reconstruction in the setting of PMRT.
Determinants of first-line clinical trial enrollment among Black and White
gynecologic cancer patients
Authors: Carey Autumn B. , Meade Caitlin E. , Trabert Britton , Cosgrove Casey M. , Felix Ashley S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Disparities in gynecologic cancer clinical trial enrollment exist between Black and White patients; however, few examine racial differences in clinical trial enrollment predictors. We examined whether first-line clinical trial enrollment determinants differed between Black and White gynecologic cancer patients.

Methods

We used the National Cancer Database to identify Black and White gynecologic cancer (cervix, ovarian, uterine) patients diagnosed in 2014–2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between clinical trial enrollment (yes vs no) and sociodemographic, facility, tumor, and treatment characteristics stratified by race. We included a multiplicative interaction term between each assessed predictor and race to test whether associations differed by race.

Results

We included 703,022 gynecologic cancer patients (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 60.9 [13.1] years). Clinical trial enrollment was lower among Black (49/86,058, 0.06%) vs. White patients (710/616,964, 0.11%). Only cancer site differed by race: among Black patients, a cervical vs. uterine cancer diagnosis (OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 1.67–12.88) was associated with higher clinical trial enrollment odds, while among White patients, both cervical (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.48–3.29) and ovarian (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 2.58–4.47) cancer diagnoses (vs. uterine cancer) were associated with higher enrollment odds. Most predictors were associated with clinical trial enrollment odds among White but not Black patients.

Conclusion

Few differences in first-line clinical trial enrollment predictors exist between Black and White gynecologic cancer patients. Although small numbers of Black patients and low clinical trial prevalence are limitations, this descriptive analysis is important in understanding racially disparate clinical trial enrollment.
Cryo-social dynamics: the interplay of glacial dynamics and socioeconomic conditions in the Shigar Valley, Karakoram, Pakistan
Authors: Haq Fazlul , Shutkin Tal , Afreen Munazza , Mark Bryan G.
Published: February 2025

Mountain communities globally are experiencing increasing challenges as climate-induced glacier changes disrupt water resources and agricultural systems. The Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayan region of Pakistan has been witnessing environmental changes over the last few decades with widespread impacts on different sectors of life. In the Shigar Valley of the Karakoram region, communities face socio-economic challenges partly attributed to changes in glacier dynamics, which directly affect water availability and agricultural productivity. This study investigates the impacts of glacial changes on community livelihoods by integrating glacier modeling with a comprehensive socioeconomic survey. Glaciological change was analyzed from 1970 to 2020 using the Open Global Glacier Model, with projections under SSP-126, SSP-370, and SSP-585 scenarios for 2020–2100. Glacier mass balance simulations driven by historical climatological data from 1970 to 2020 reveal an overall negative trend, despite shorter periods of glacier growth driven by regional hydroclimatic anomalies. Future projections indicate glacier volume could decline by over 60% under SSP-585 by 2100, compared to approximately 30% under SSP-126. A questionnaire survey was conducted across 20 villages, engaging 375 respondents to understand the extent of dependence on glacier-fed resources, migration dynamics, and adaptive strategies to socioenvironmental conditions. The findings reveal that while 42% of respondents reported high dependence on glacier-fed and snow melt, 46% are facing challenges due to irregular water supplies. These challenges have been affecting the socio-economic fabric of the community as 71% of respondents reported that migrations were driven by declining local productivity, with 66% of migration destinations being international. The communities are aware of the challenges, and they have been adopting various strategies to cope with it. These include rainfed farming (32%), adoption of drought-resistant crops (19%), and expansion into proglacial (recently deglaciated areas and areas closer to glaciers’ termini) lands (52%).
Prediction of the Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes with Machine Learning Techniques in Patients with Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: Hernández-Arango Alejandro , Arias María Isabel , Pérez Viviana , Chavarría Luis Daniel , Jaimes Fabian
Published: February 2025

Decision-making in chronic diseases guided by clinical decision support systems that use models including multiple variables based on artificial intelligence requires scientific validation in different populations to optimize the use of limited human, financial, and clinical resources in healthcare systems worldwide. This cohort study evaluated three machine learning algorithms—XGBoost, Elastic Net logistic regression, and an Artificial Neural Network—to develop a prediction model for three outcomes: mortality, hospitalization, and emergency department visits. The objective was to build a clinical decision support system for patients with noncommunicable diseases treated at the Alma Mater Hospital complex in Medellín, Colombia. We collected 4845 electronic medical record entries from 5000 patients included in the study. The median age was 71.83 years, with 63.8% women and 29.7% receiving home care. The most prevalent medical conditions were diabetes (52.9%), hypertension (67.2%), dyslipidemia (57.3%), and COPD (19.4%). For mortality prediction, the Elastic Net logistic regression model achieved an AUCROC of 0.883 (95% CI: 0.848–0.917), the XGBoost model reached an AUCROC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.865–0.927), and the Neural Network achieved 0.886 (95% CI: 0.853–0.916). For hospitalization, the Elastic Net model had an AUCROC of 0.952 (95% CI: 0.937–0.965), the XGBoost model achieved 0.963 (95% CI: 0.952–0.974), and the Neural Network scored 0.932 (95% CI: 0.915–0.948). For emergency department visits, the AUCROC values were 0.980 (95% CI: 0.971–0.987) for Elastic Net, 0.977 (95% CI: 0.967–0.986) for XGBoost, and 0.976 (95% CI: 0.968–0.982) for the neural network. A dashboard was developed to interact with an ensemble risk categorization segmenting patient risk in the cohort to aid in clinical decision-making. A clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence using electronic medical records possibly can help segmenting the risk in populations with Noncommunicable Diseases for effective decision-making.
Graphical Proof of Ginibre’s Inequality
Authors: Tokushige Yuki
Published: February 2025

In this short note, we will give a new combinatorial proof of Ginibre’s inequality for XY models. Our proof is based on multigraph representations introduced by van Engelenburg-Lis (2023) and a new combinatorial bijection.
Possible detection of the onset of flash flooding in Thessaly Greece by measurements of the Earth’s surface electric field
Authors: Skordas Efthimios S. , Sarlis Nicholas V. , Varotsos Panayiotis A.
Published: February 2025

Since the beginning of 1980s a telemetric network comprising 18 stations in Greece started to measure remotely the transient electric field changes at the Earth’s surface. This article investigates the observed variations of Earth’s electric field on 5 September 2023 when the flash flood event occurred at Thessaly Greece as result of storm Daniel. The analyses show that, during the runoffs, the geoelectric field changes abruptly. Such observations could possibly be used as a criterion to estimate the flash flood onset. Upon employing detrended fluctuation analysis at various time scales, we identify three stages corresponding to light (or no) rain, heavy rain, and flood. The distinctive behaviour during the first two stages of the phenomenon under investigation may be used as an early warning. We also show that all stages are governed by fractality.
Combined effect of wind and sea excitations on the internal resonance response of floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Settimi Valeria , Lenci Stefano , Rega Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

The sea excitation is added into a reduced nonlinear model of floating offshore wind turbine, in order to assess its effect on the system dynamics. To this aim, the sea wave motion is modelled as heave displacement of the turbine tower, which results in a parametric excitation to the along-wind displacement. The occurrence of the 1:1 internal resonance between along-wind and cross-wind oscillations is investigated by means of an asymptotic approach based on the multiple scale method. It is shown that the coupled solutions arising as a result of the wind forcing undergo a significant modification in terms of stability and quality of the response precisely because of the additional presence of the excitation due to the sea waves. A behavior chart is obtained to describe the model response as a function of the forcing parameters. The analytical results are verified by comparison with numerical simulations in terms of bifurcation diagrams and reconstructed solutions.
Nanoparticle innovations: impact of biogenic CaP nanoparticles in mitigating the adverse effects of excessive nitrate application
Authors: El-Esawy Mai A. , Elkhateeb Eman A. , Hassan Amira M. , Elsherif Doaa E.
Published: February 2025

Aims

The overuse nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in significant environmental pollution and may also affect the ability of plants to withstand stress and productivity. The goal of this study was to create a nanofertilizer that may improve the resistance of lupine (Lupinus termis L) nitrate stress while simultaneously releasing a micronutrient that supports plant growth.

Methods

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP-NPs) were created via Jania rubens extract and sprayed on lupine plants as a foliar spray at various dosages (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) to mitigate the harmful effects of high nitrate stress (200 mM nitrate) on the seedling stage of lupine plants.

Results

The biogensis CaP-NPs were characterised to have a spherical form with a size of 29 ± 3.2 nm. The findings demonstrated that, in contrast to the control, nitrate stress negatively affected the growth metrics of lupines; however, foliar spraying with CaP-NPs increased these parameters during nitrate stress. Moreover, treatment with CaP-NPs greatly reduced the increased levels of indicators of oxidative stress (MDA, H2O2, proline, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3
−−N), and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4
+-N)). Additionally, the administration of CaP-NPs under conditions of elevated nitrate stress induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine (PAL)) as well as non-enzymatic markers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. The administration of CaP-NPs resulted in an increase in the expression of antioxidant genes, including ferritin (FER1), phenylalanine (PAL), catalase2 (CAT2), superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1), chalcone synthase (CHS), and flavonol synthase (FLS). The highest level of upregulation was observed at 100 mg/L CaP-NPs.

Conclusion

Foliar CaP-NPs nanofertilizer application in agriculture may increase yield while reducing the harmful effects of nitrate stress on plants. Thus, our work provides a solid basis for further investigations aimed at assessing the substitution of CaP nanofertilizers for traditional Ca2+ or P fertilizers to mitigate the deleterious effects of nitrate stress and improve lupine output.
Li-Yau Inequality and Related Properties on Metric Star Graphs
Authors: Camilli Fabio
Published: February 2025

We prove a Li-Yau gradient estimate for positive solutions to the heat equation defined on a metric star graph

$$\mathcal {G}$$

G

given by the heat kernel formula. As consequence, we derive a Harnack estimate and a Liouville property for bounded harmonic functions. The argument exploits an explicit representation formula for the heat kernel on

$$\mathcal {G}$$

G

.
The oversight of implicature and implicational injustice in doctor-patient communication
Authors: Sakakibara Eisuke
Published: February 2025

The concept of epistemic injustice provides a theoretical framework for considering the ethical issues arising in interpersonal communication. This article proposes the concept of implicational injustice as a novel type of epistemic injustice. An implicature is a message that a speaker does not explicitly state, but that is implicitly communicated by an utterance. Since the speaker does not explicitly state the implicature, it may be overlooked by the hearer. This oversight of implicature is likely to occur when the hearer prematurely terminates the search for relevance or when there is informational inequality between speaker and hearer. If premature termination or information inequality is caused by the hearer’s prejudice against the speaker or by the undue ignorance of the speaker, the oversight of implicature is deemed an implicational injustice. This article offers several examples of the oversight of implicature and implicational injustice in doctor-patient communication in which patients’ attempts to convey psychosocial messages to their physicians are often overlooked. Implicational injustice can be considered as a novel subtype of epistemic injustice that differs from other subtypes, such as silencing, testimonial injustice, and interpretative injustice. Implicational injustice prevents the sufferer’s full participation in epistemic collaboration and can inflict secondary harm, such as negative effects on clinical decision making.
CO2 Activation on Single-Atom Catalysts: Importance of the Supporting Matrix
Authors: Spotti Matteo , Di Liberto Giovanni , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: February 2025

Single-Atom Catalysis (SACs) is an emerging frontier with significant potential to bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Among various chemical processes of interest, the reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) into valuable chemicals has garnered particular attention. The analogy between SACs and coordination chemistry compounds has highlighted the importance of the supporting matrix. In this study, we explored CO2 activation on SACs using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our analysis focused on nine transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) and three distinct support materials: nitrogen-doped graphene (4N-Gr), a gold surface (Au(111)), and titanium nitride (TiN), an emerging material with unique properties. Our findings indicate that CO2 activation on SACs is generally challenging, often requiring dual active centers. SACs based on 4N-Gr and Au(111) showed limited ability to bind CO2 molecules. Conversely, TiN emerged as a highly promising support, effectively promoting CO2 activation. This capability stems from the formation of bidentate adducts involving both the dopant and a surface titanium atom of the matrix. Furthermore, TiN-based SACs demonstrated the ability to favour *CO*OH adduct formation (* indicates an adsorbed species) over *COOH or *OCHO during the first electrochemical reduction step, showcasing enhanced reactivity. These results underscore the potential of TiN as a robust support material for SACs in CO2RR, offering new perspectives for efficient CO2 conversion.
Conviviality: our primary connectedness to living beings
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: February 2025

In the ecological discourse on nature and the environment, the natural side of humans, which we experience as our own corporeality, plays hardly any role. To address this deficiency, the paper proposes the concept of conviviality. It refers to a primary connection with the living environment, conveyed through our own sense of aliveness and embodiment. The concept encompasses three interconnected aspects: 1) An epistemological aspect, according to which we can only recognize other living beings as such and distinguish them from inanimate things through the experience of our shared bodily existence; 2) A natural-philosophical and ecological aspect, which relates to the fundamental interdependence of all living beings and the interpenetration of life and the environment; 3) An ethical aspect, where our kinship and connection with living beings form the basis for an attitude of care and commitment towards them. The three aspects are based on the same fundamental structure, namely the interdependence of the living, both in subjective, phenomenal terms, and in objective, ecological terms. At the same time, they are grounded in our corporeality, which points to the relational nature of our existence, our life in relationships and in ecological contexts. In this way, the fundamental kinship of our lived bodies with living nature becomes the basis for an ecological ethic.