bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Green Infrastructure Strategies Suitable in Arid Climates? A Design Feasibility Study from Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bogis Abdulmueen , Bork Dean , Miller Patrick
Published: September 2018

This paper describes the feasibility and probable benefits associated with greening the Tahliah Channel, a concrete drainage channel that was originally built to relieve urban flooding in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. It includes an estimation of irrigation needs for channel greening based on a standardized planting specification. The study also demonstrates alternative strategies for meeting the required irrigation demand, including water harvesting and graywater reuse on a residential scale. The study shows that greening Tahliah Channel is possible relying mainly on graywater reuse from the surrounding buildings. Also, the study shows that rainwater harvesting is not a reliable source for irrigation. Rather, it can cover only part of the irrigation needs (6%) and so can be used as a secondary supporting source. The positive results of this case study will be of interest to those in arid countries who are looking to upgrade and replace traditional, single function drainage infrastructure with more sustainable, green infrastructure systems. More specifically, the objectives of the study are consistent with the goals of the Saudi government’s ongoing initiative that advocates for more resilient and sustainable cities. (Vision 2030 year).
Effects of Glycine in Collagen Expression and Factors Growth, Platelet (PDGF) and Epidermal (EGF) in Oral Mucositis Induced Hamster
Authors: Sá Odara Maria de Sousa , Lopes Nilza Nelly Fontana , Alves Maria Teresa Seixas , Caran Eliana Maria Monteiro
Published: September 2018

Oral mucositis is most frequently a toxic effect of chemotherapeutic and/or radiotherapeutic treatment, resulting from complex multifaceted biological events involving DNA damage. The clinical manifestations have a negative impact on the life quality of cancer patients. Preventive measures and curative treatment of mucositis are still not well established. The glycine has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cytoprotective actions, being a potential therapeutic in mucositis. The objective was to evaluate the effects of glycine on the expression of collagen and growth factors, platelet and epidermal in oral mucositis. The mucositis of which was induced by the protocol of Sonis. 40 hamsters were used, divided into two groups: Group I- control; Group II- supplemented with 5% intraperitoneal glycine, 2,0 mg/g diluted in hepes. Histopathological sections were used to perform the immune-histochemical method, the evaluation collagen expression and the growth factors: EGF and PDGF. It was observed that the group supplemented with glycine higher amounts of collagen expression and predominance type of collagen I. The glycine group presented lower immunoexpression of the growth factors, EGF and PDGF. The group supplemented with glycine showed a marked healing process of the oral mucosite, demonstrated by the predominance of collagen type I and reduction of growth factors, EGF and PDGF.
Effects of OsCDPK1 on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Starch in Developing Rice Seeds
Authors: Jiang Jian-Zhi , Kuo Chun-Hsiang , Chen Bo-Hong , Chen Mao-Kei , Lin Choun-Sea , Ho Shin-Lon
Published: September 2018

Overexpression of a constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1 (OEtr) in rice produced smaller seeds, but a double-stranded RNA gene-silenced form of OsCDPK1 (Ri) yielded large seeds, suggesting that OsCDPK1 plays a functional role in rice seed development. In the study presented here, we propose a model in which OsCDPK1 plays key roles in negatively controlling the grain size, amylose content, and endosperm appearance, and also affects the physicochemical properties of the starch. The dehulled transgenic OEtr grains were smaller than the dehulled wild-type grains, and the OEtr endosperm was opaque and had a low amylose content and numerous small loosely packed polyhedral starch granules. However, the OEtr grain sizes and endosperm appearances were not affected by the temperature being either optimal (25 °C ) or low (22 °C) or high (31 °C) during the grain-filling phase. In contrast, the transgenic Ri grains were larger, had higher amylose contents, and had more transparent endosperms filled with tightly packed polyhedral starch granules. This demonstrates that OsCDPK1 plays a novel functional role in starch biosynthesis during seed development and affects the transparent appearance of the endosperm. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which the grain filling process occurs in rice.
Deposition of Photo-Catalytic Tio2 Film by Low Power Atmospheric Suspension Plasma Spray Using Ar/N2 Working Gas
Authors: Hsain Sagr , Ando Yasutaka
Published: September 2018

As a photo-catalytic titanium oxide film deposition process, thermal spray is hoped to be utilized practically on the condition that it is relatively easy to deposit anatase rich films. However, because of its high equipment and feedstock powder costs, it is very difficult to introduce thermal spray equipment into small companies. In this study, to develop a low cost thermal spray system, low power atmospheric suspension plasma spray equipment with titanium hydroxide suspension created by hydrolysis of titanium tetra iso butoxide using Ar, N2 as working gases. For avoiding sedimentation of the hydroxide particles in the suspension, mechanical milling of the suspension was conducted to create colloidal suspension before using it as feedstock. Moreover, an Ultrasonic wave container was used to keep the suspension particles moving while the spray process was conducted. After the film deposition, with As for the coating, anatase rich TiO2 ﬁlm could be obtained. For characterization of the film, microstructure observation by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction was carried out. Consequently, by creation of colloidal suspension, deposition could be conducted without sedimentation of the hydroxide particle in the suspension during operation. Besides, it was proved the film had enough photo-catalytic property to decolor methylene-blue droplet
Nutrición y fertilidad
Authors: González-Rodríguez Liliana Guadalupe , López-Sobaler Ana María , Perea Sánchez José Miguel , Ortega Anta Rosa María
Published: September 2018

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Determinan Praktik Manajemen Laba Riil
Authors: Wibawa Koerniawan Dwi , Subroto Bambang , Andyani Wuryan
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the level financial statement disclosure on earnings management and audit quality in moderating this study. The sample of this study was from LQ45 companies, especially in manufacturing as many as 9 companies with an observation period of 5 years (2012-2016). This study provided empirical evidence that a negative influence between the level of disclosure of financial statements and real earnings management used production costs. But with the proxies of operational cash flow and discretionary costs produce provided a positive relationship. The results of the moderation regression test with production costs as proxy of earnings management provided that audit quality can strengthen the negative effect of the financial disclosure level on earnings management. Other results indicate that audit quality can strengthen the positive influence of the financial disclosure level on earnings management with a proxy for operational cash flows and discretionary costs. The Managerial implications of research was that auditors can examine other factors besides operational cash flow and discretionary costs in carrying out judgment on earnings management practices in the company.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Turfgrass Systems: A Review
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Bremer Dale J.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Turfgrass soils have the potential to emit nitrous oxide at similar rates as agricultural soils.

Few turfgrass studies have intensively measured fluxes long enough to calculate accurate annual emissions.

Investigation of controlled‐release fertilizers combined with improved irrigation techniques could potentially reduce emissions.

Further research is required to develop comprehensive management practices that reduce nitrous oxide emissions in turfgrass.

Model simulations should be tested and compared side‐by‐side in turfgrass systems to predict long‐term impacts of management practices.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a natural and anthropogenic by‐product associated with global climate change and potentially the most ozone‐depleting gas. Turfgrass covers large areas of land in the United States, and some is fertilized with N and irrigated with the potential to emit N2O at similar rates (i.e., average of 2.7 kg N2O–N ha−1yr−1) as agricultural soils. Our objective was to review scientific literature on N2O emissions in turfgrass and identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. Few turfgrass studies exist in which fluxes were intensively measured for long enough to calculate accurate annual emissions, which have ranged from 1.01 to 7.6 kg N2O–N ha−1yr−1in various turf species receiving N fertilizer, and from 0.5 to 2.24 kg N2O–N ha−1yr−1in unfertilized turf species. Research indicates reduced irrigation and controlled‐release forms of N may slow nitrification and denitrification processes, and thus, reduce N2O emissions in turfgrass. Future research should be directed toward long‐term investigations of controlled‐release fertilizers (e.g., investigating N application amounts, seasonal application timings, and differences between warm‐ and cool‐season turfgrass species) combined with irrigation techniques (e.g., irrigation quantity, frequency, and application timing surrounding fertilization events) to minimize N2O emissions, maximize plant nutrient uptake, and determine more efficient application methods that reduce emissions and water use in warm‐ and cool‐season turfgrass species. The use of model simulations (i.e., DAYCENT and DNDC) should be further developed for turfgrass systems to predict long‐term impacts of different management practices on C and N cycling in turfgrass.
Can Incorporating Brassica Tissues into Soil Reduce Nitrification Rates and Nitrous Oxide Emissions?
Authors: Balvert S. F. , Luo J. , Schipper L. A.
Published: September 2018

New Zealand agriculture is composed predominantly of pastoral grazing systems; however, forage crops have been increasingly used to supplement the diet of grazing animals. Excreta from grazing animals has been identified as a main contributor of N2O emissions. Some forage crops, such as brassicas (Brassica spp.), contain secondary metabolites that have been identified to inhibit soil N cycling processes, and nitrification in particular. Our objective was to determine if secondary metabolites released from brassica tissues inhibited nitrification and reduced N2O emissions when incorporated into soil, which was amended with a large amount of urea N (such as derived from urine patches deposited during grazing). Three brassica tissues (kale [Brassica oleracea L.], turnip [Brassica rapa L.] bulb, and turnip leaf and stem) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) tissue were incorporated into soil with and without urea solution, and N2O, NO3−, and NH4+ were measured during a 52‐d incubation. All brassica tissues reduced urea‐derived N2O emissions relative to ryegrass tissues when incorporated into soil. According to the mineral N and microbial community data, this reduction, however, could not be attributed to inhibition of nitrification. Although there was less N2O from urea in the brassica treatments, total N2O emissions increased after incorporation of all tissue residues into soil, so this tradeoff must be explored if brassica tissues are to be considered as a tool for N2O reduction.

Core Ideas

Brassicas have been postulated to inhibit nitrification and N2O emissions.

Incorporating brassica tissues into soil reduced N2O emissions from added urea.

There was no evidence that tissue incorporation inhibited nitrification.

However, addition of ryegrass and brassica tissues increased total N2O emissions.

N2O emission tradeoffs between tissue inputs and inhibition need to be explored.
A Comparison of Ground‐Penetrating Radar Early‐Time Signal Approaches for Mapping Changes in Shallow Soil Water Content
Authors: Algeo Jonathan , Slater Lee , Binley Andrew , Van Dam Remke L. , Watts Chris
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Early‐time amplitude analysis requires understanding of site, system, and methodology.

The AEA and CFA both have benefits and disadvantages.

Time window selection is important when shallow reflectors may be present.

Early time GPR results are highly frequency dependent.

Improving irrigation efficiency requires accurate assessment of the soil moisture distribution in time and space, but obtaining accurate observational data is challenging. Early‐time signal (ETS) amplitude analysis of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data may permit such rapid noninvasive characterization. In this study we performed controlled irrigation experiments using a multifrequency GPR system to compare two statistics used to quantify the ETS: average envelope amplitude (AEA) and carrier frequency amplitude (CFA). Supporting data were provided by direct measurements, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), and synthetic modeling. In our first experiment, both statistics successfully related the ETS for 250 and 400 MHz GPR data to increasing water content. However, the 400 MHz AEA lost sensitivity at later stages of the irrigation process, whereas the 400 MHz CFA remained sensitive to changes in water content. The 1000 MHz data did not show the expected relationships, possibly due to shallow reflectors, such as the wetting front, which the higher frequency antennae would have a greater chance of detecting, as supported by synthetic modeling. In our second experiment, we focused on the effect of the time window on calculating ETS statistics. We demonstrate that, when there is interference in the ETS, using a shorter time window instead of the more common first positive half cycle improves correlation with soil moisture content. Our work shows that the GPR ETS data respond to changes in soil water content in similar fashion to ERI data.
Correlation of Sacral Ratio and Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Ehsanipour Fahimeh , Movahedi Zahra , Taherinia Leila , Noorbakhsh Samileh
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

The sacral bone anomalies have an important effect on urinary and gastrointestinal tract and sacral ratio was defined as an indicator for estimating the anorectal abnormalities in children. This study was carried out for determining the association between sacral ratio and Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) among children.

Material and Methods:

In a cross sectional study, 100 children under 15 years with proven febrile UTI were referred to a referral children center considering the presence and grading of VUR according to VCUG enrolled in this study.

Sacral ratio was measured for all cases and the data were compared by student T test, Chi 2 and Mann Whitney tests. SPSS 16.0 software was used for data analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results:

41 boys and 59 girls with mean age 4.8 years were enrolled in this study. The average range of sacral ratio was 0.82. There was no staistical difference between two different genders and ages (p> 0.05).

The values of SR in patients with VUR were lower than patients without VUR(P˂0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference between both bilateral and unilateral VUR and SR (p> 0.05).

Conclusion:

The risk of sacral bone abnormality in patients with VUR is more than patients without VUR. Therefore, in patients with UTI and low SR simultaneously, tighter evaluation for VUR and treatment should be considered.
Comparison of Microbial Removal Between Slow Dead‐End Versus Tangential Sand Filtration
Authors: Dizer Halim , Schmidt Ralf , Szewzyk Regine , López‐Pila Juan M.
Published: September 2018

Both river bank filtration and dead‐end sand filtration are becoming increasingly applied in rural areas to improve the quality of fecally contaminated water. To evaluate the capacity of both treatments to remove E. coli, fecal streptococci, and somatic and K13‐phages, this study investigates their concentrations in diluted wastewater after short‐distance tangential sand filtration and dead‐end sand filtration. Bacteria were almost undetectable in both systems after 60 cm depth, and at a pore‐water velocity of 1 m/d. Both phages underwent removal of 2.5 logs by tangential filtration, whereas dead‐end filtration removed 5.1 logs and 3.9 logs of K13‐phages and somatic phages, respectively. After discounting removal by the schmutzdecke, observed only in the dead‐end filtration, both systems removed phages similarly. It is concluded that short‐distance river bank filtration, alone, does not meet WHO requirements for drinking water. However, the concomitant reduction of suspended solids renders the filtered water amenable to further treatment steps.
Pengembangan Output Sistem Perhitungan Angka Kredit Petugas Rekam Medis di RSUD Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Rahmawati Ade Irma , Rokhman Nur
Published: September 2018

Latar Belakang: Perekam medis memiliki wewenang dan tanggung jawab untuk melakukan kegiatan pelayanan rekam medis yang diduduki oleh PNS. Pengangkatan pegawai disesuaikan dengan jenjang jabatan dalam jabatan fungsional perekam medis dan ditetapkan berdasarkan jumlah angka kredit yang dimiliki oleh petugas. Perekam medis yang tidak dapat mengumpulkan angka kredit dalam sesuai dengan ketetapan yang berlaku dapat dibebaskan sementara dari jabatannya atau diberhentikan jabatan fungsional sebagai perekam medis. Proses perhitungan angka kredit masih terkendala beban kerja petugas yang tinggi dan perhitungan angka kredit yang masih manual dengan perhitungan berdasarkan satuan angka kredit yang berbentuk angka desimal, sehingga membuat petugas mengalami kesulitan dalam proses penghitungan serta terkadang petugas mengalami kesulitan saat melakukan rekap setiap bulannya.Tujuan: Merancang output sistem perhitungan angka kredit petugas rekam medis di RSUD Kabupaten Karanganyar yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan petugas untuk mempermudah petugas rekam medis dalam perhitungan angka kredit.Metode: Identifikasi kebutuhan pengguna pada perancangan ini dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulan data yaitu studi pendahuluan dan wawancara. Alat pengumpulan data dengan instrumen wawancara dan perekam suara. Perancangan dilakukan dengan aplikasi Sublime Text 3 dengan bantuan Codeigniter untuk pengkodean dan bootstrap untuk desain antarmuka.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan wawancara kebutuhan pengguna kepada petugas rekam medis yang telah menjabat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS), maka dihasilkan output sistem perhitungan rekam medis berupa database sistem, antarmuka output sistem dan laporan perhitungan angka kredit.Kesimpulan: Perancang telah melakukan perancangan output sistem perhitungan angka kredit meliputi database sistem, antarmuka output sistem dan laporan perhitungan angka kredit.
Menciptakan Pengelolaan Arsip Surat Kabar yang Andal (Studi Kasus Depo Arsip Suara Merdeka)
Authors: Sadhyoko Joseph Army
Published: September 2018

Depo Arsip Suara Merdeka menciptakan pengelolaan arsip surat kabar yang andal. Pengelolaan tersebut diwujudkan dalam program mesin pencari data yang telah disusun secara sistematis. Pengelola berharap pengguna arsip dapat lebih efektif mengakses arsip surat kabar Suara Merdeka dengan media tersebut.
Electricity Trading in a Successive Oligopoly Market: A Social Welfare Comparison between the Generation and Retail Sectors’ Liberalization
Authors: Yamane Keita
Published: September 2018

This study models the electricity industry as a successive Cournot oligopoly market to compare the market performance between the generation and retail sectors’ liberalization. We show that, assuming identical fixed costs on free entry into both generation and retail sectors, liberalization of the retail sector can dominate that of the generation sector with regard to social welfare.
MEDICINAL PLANTS AS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
Authors: Khan Ishfaq , Khan Azhar
Published: September 2018

Oral flora plays an important role in the day-to-day life for human beings and also they are important part of human digestive system. Simultaneously, besides their beneficial activities, they can be harmful to the human, and this can be evaluated as normal oral flora as opportunistic pathogens. To elevate oral sanitation, medicinal plant-based mouthwash can be used as mediator and acts as a part of efficient home care medication. In dentistry, the importance of plants has been acknowledged to cure diseases generated by several oral pathogens. Chemical drugs possess many side effects and act as a key factor responsible for developing drug-resistant microorganisms. Herbal mouthwash products have fewer side effects than chemical drugs. The worldwide requirement for substitutive prevention, treatment choices, and products for oral infections that are harmless, efficient, and low cost comes from the boost in infection occurrence. For maintaining oral sanitation, ample research has been attempted to calculate the effect of plants. The review has established to aggregate the data on herbs and plants which possess great response to the pathogens concerned with oral infections. The review will assist the researchers to discover and choose the plant to develop adequate medicine for establishing cost-effective treatment for oral hygiene.
PREVALENCE OF INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS MEDIATED THROUGH GENE ERMC EXPRESSION
Authors: Tandon Nimisha , Kulkarni Madhuri , Gs Sowmya , Tabassum Fauzia , Md Sayeed Akhtar
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic expression of inducible clindamycin resistance due to the expression of ermA, ermB, and ermC genes in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by double disc diffusion and uniplex PCR.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in microbiology department of an university teaching hospital. A total of 604 non-duplicate clinical isolates of S. aureus evaluated for MRSA and were subjected to uniplex PCR for ermA, ermB, and ermC genes, respectively.Result: The analysis of 604 isolates showed that 220 (36.42%) were of MRSA. Out of which, 69 (11.42%) were demonstrated as inducible clindamycin resistance by double-disc diffusion method, and among inducible resistant isolates, 25 isolates of ermC (84%) were positive and 4 (16%) were negative, whereas, ermA and ermB genes could not be demonstrated by the genotypic method.Conclusion: We observed that clindamycin may serve as a good alternative and advocated in severe MRSA infection based on susceptibility pattern. We observed D test as a mandatory method to detect inducible clindamycin Staphylococcus. Importantly, ermC gene is a major determinant of resistance to macrolides among MRSA.
PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS IN METHOTREXATE-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: J Arul Daniel , Das Susmita , Jayan Neethu , S Asha Devi
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Various clinically available drugs along with the beneficial action also have drastic side effects due to chronic exposure. In liver, these resulting side effects can be over production of reactive oxygen species, which will further lead to oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Therefore, as a preventive measure, the protective role of herbal extracts is being evaluated because of its high success rate and low toxic effects. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the protective role of Asparagus racemosus is evaluated and studied against methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatic damage in male Wistar albino rats.Methods: The course of the study was for 14 days. During this experimental study, the animals were categorized into four groups with six rats per group. Group I (positive control) which was treated with normal saline, Group II (negative control) with MTX 20 mg/kg of body weight on 12th day, Group III with A. racemosus 300 mg/kg of body weight + MTX 20 mg/kg on 12th day, and Group IV with A. racemosus 100 mg/kg of body weight + MTX 20 mg/kg on 12th day. On 14th day, the animals were sacrificed, and histopathological as well as antioxidant assays were performed.Results and Conclusion: Assays revealed high lipid peroxidation level and low antioxidant levels in Group II. Meanwhile, in Group III and IV, the levels were restored near to control, which supported the protective role of A. racemosus against MTX-induced hepatic damage. Histopathology evaluation also supported the above-mentioned findings.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL
Authors: Kamadyaapa Davie Rexon , Gondwe Mavuto Masopera , Shauli Mathulo , Rusike Constance Sewani , Iputo Jehu
Published: September 2018

Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EEJ) using various models of experimental diarrhea.Methods: Antidiarrheal property of EEJ at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal propulsive models of experimental diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200–250 g. Cytotoxicity test of EEJ was performed using brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Toxicity assay of EEJ showed a lethal concentration value of 1225 μg/ml suggesting non-toxicity. EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bwt) inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea by 38.1%, 76.19%, and 100%, respectively, and enteropooling by 28%, 56%, and 88%, respectively, compared with control. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, α2-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reversed the protective effect of EEJ (400 mg/kg) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and against castor oil-induced enteropooling, suggesting the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in antidiarrheal property of EEJ. Furthermore, EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dosedependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg/bwt) inhibited gastrointestinal motility by 28%, 62%, and 83.92%, respectively.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic leaf extract of EEJ, which may be attributable to its dual antisecretory and antimotility activities probably through activation of the sympathetic α2-adrenergic pathway.
Sandwiches organometálicos
Authors: Paz Sandoval M. Ángeles
Published: September 2018

El desarrollo de la química organometálica de los metales de transición se debe en buena medida al descubrimiento del ferroceno [bis(ciclopentadienil) hierro] en 1951, molécula con enlaces metalcarbono. Aunque la naturaleza del enlace del ciclopentadienilo al hierro no fue apreciada de inmediato por los autores Kealy y Pauson ( Nature, 1951) [recibido el 7 de agosto de 1951], su descubrimiento fue sin lugar a dudas uno de los eventos más importantes que estimularon los avances subsecuentes en este campo...
Cambio de energía libre y espontaneidad a través de las explicaciones de los estudiantes e integración de sus Ideas
Authors: Obaya Valdivia Adolfo
Published: September 2018

Uno de los objetivos de la educación en ciencias es desarrollar formas efectivas de enseñar Ciencia a los estudiantes. Esto ha derivado en investigaciones que demuestran qué métodos de instrucción no siempre son efectivos. El campo de la Educación Química ha crecido tremendamente y diversas investigaciones indican que después de una instrucción tradicional de la Química los estudiantes a menudo tienen errores conceptuales y fallas en la integración de sus ideas de acuerdo con los marcos teórico conceptuales vigentes (Herron, 1996).
Análisis de las dificultades que enfrentan los alumnos en relación a la enseñanza del tema los efectos de la Presión Atmosférica
Authors: Salgado Guillermo , Navarrete José , Morcillo Ortega Juan Gabriel , Martín Sánchez Manuela , Martín Sánchez María Teresa , Silva Rafael
Published: September 2018

This paper is an analysis of student's problems to understand the concept atmospheric pressure and its influence in different experimental processes. We present an historical study of the topic, a bibliographical revision of research relative to teaching and learning problems in the case of fluids and the results of our investigation with two groups of students one of 11 - 12 years old and other of training teachers of primary school.
IV Jornadas Internacionales para la Enseñanza Preuniversitaria y Universitaria de la Química
Authors: Castillejos Salazar Adela
Published: September 2018

Tenemos el gusto de presentarles este número extraordinario de la revista Educación Química en donde ustedes podrán disfrutar los escritos de algunas de las personas que participamos en las IV Jornadas Internacionales para la Enseñanza Preuniversitaria y Universitaria de la Química.
El enlace químico y la geometría molecular
Authors: Gillespie Ronald J.
Published: September 2018

¿Qué es un enlace? Desde los primeros días de la química, los químicos han dibujado una línea entre los átomos de una molécula que se cree que están fuertemente atraídos o enlazados entre ellos. Esta línea es llamada línea de enlace, pero ¿qué representa exactamente? Varios tipos de enlace han sido descritos: covalente, sencillo, doble, triple, iónico, polar, dativo, coordinado, agóstico, 3-centros-4-electrones, de hidrógeno y otros. Varias modificaciones de la línea de enlace han sido usadas para distinguir estos tipos de enlace, como la flecha para el enlace coordinado o dativo. Pero, ¿todos estos tipos de enlace son realmente diferentes o son esencialmente lo mismo?
Electrochemistry for environmental remediation. Laboratory experiments
Authors: Ibáñez Cornejo Jorge G.
Published: September 2018

Muchos contaminantes pueden convertirse en especies menos peligrosas mediante una transferencia de electrones. Estas transferencias pueden llevarse a cabo en interfases electrificadas (electrodos), ser directas o indirectas, oxidaciones o reducciones, usarse para tratar líquidos, gases, suelos, etc. En este artículo discutimos algunas aplicaciones y experimentos.
Las lecciones que he aprendido en mis 25 años de enseñanza
Authors: Kelter Paul
Published: September 2018

Hace ya varias semanas que me senté a escribir esta conferencia y encendí la radio (o, mejor dicho, la radio satélite XM ¡el mundo está cambiando de forma tan rápida!). Cuando salgo a correr, suelo escuchar mi colección de música rock and roll, y cuando leo revistas, escucho música folk música popular. Mi música folk favorita se escribió en los 60, cuando era un adolescente y mi país estaba debatiendo con rabia y sublevación si los negros debían tener derecho a votar o si los obstáculos históricos en su camino, como una tarifa para poder votar...
Las imágenes en el aprendizaje y en la enseñanza del equilibrio químico
Authors: Raviolo Andrés
Published: September 2018

Las personas no captamos el mundo directamente, sino construimos representaciones mentales o cognitivas del mismo. Éstas son representaciones internas o maneras de re-presentar internamente, en la memoria de trabajo y en la memoria de largo plazo, al mundo externo. Aprender un sistema químico, por ejemplo, requiere construir las representaciones mentales adecuadas para comprenderlo, para explicar su funcionamiento y predecir su evolución con relación a teorías de la química.
Acuerdo UE-MERCOSUR: ¿posibles cambios de origen de las importaciones del Paraguay?
Authors: Enciso Cano Víctor , Castillo Quero Manuela
Published: September 2018

La Unión Europea (UE) y el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) han estado negociando la firma de un Acuerdo de Asociación Regional (AAR) desde mediados de la década de los noventa. Los posibles efectos en el MERCOSUR han sido ampliamente estudiados con énfasis en Argentina y Brasil, en detrimento de las dos economías de menor desarrollo relativo: Paraguay y Uruguay; se pretende llenar este vacío focalizando la investigación en Paraguay. El objetivo es identificar los productos importados por Paraguay, a nivel de sub-partidas del Sistema Armonizado de Designación y Codificación de Mercaderías (SA), que podrían ser reemplazados desde los proveedores tradicionales por similares provenientes de la UE, lo que se conoce como desvío de comercio en la literatura especializada. La metodología aplicada se organizó en tres pasos. En el primero, se ajustaron las bases de datos de comercio. Luego, se calcularon los índices de comercio y, finalmente, estos índices se combinaron siguiendo la condicional “si……. entonces…”, lo que dio como resultado final la agrupación de las sub-partidas en ocho categorías. Los resultados han mostrado que al menos el 90% del valor importado por Paraguay, desde sus principales mercados proveedores (China, Brasil y Argentina), pueden ser reemplazados por proveedores similares provenientes desde la UE.
¿Cómo China se convirtió en capitalista? De Ronald Coase y Ning Wang. Palgrave Macillan, 2012
Authors: Vásquez Harold
Published: September 2018

No precisa de un resumen.
Protein and Mineral Contents of Cocoa Beans Fermentation from Luwu Timur Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Assa Asma , Noor Alfian , Misnawi Misnawi , Djide Muh. Natsir , Muliadi Muliadi
Published: September 2018

Cocoa beans are raw materials of cocoa processed food products rich in protein and minerals. Availability of sufficient quantities greatly determines the nutritional quality of the food. One of the post-harvest processes affecting the protein and minerals contents in cocoa beans is fermentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the protein, macro, and micronutrients contents in fermented cocoa beans of PBC 123, BR 25, and MCC 02 clones with fermentation time variations for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Methods of analysis used Kjeldahl and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that clones, fermentation time, and their interaction affect protein, macro and micronutrients content in cocoa beans. The interaction between BR 25 clone and 48-hour fermentation time showed the highest protein content (13.34%). The highest macronutrients content were found in PBC 123 clone with 72-hour fermentation time for Ca, in MCC 02 clone with 24-hour fermentation time for Mg, in BR 25 clone with 72-hour fermentation time for Na, and in BR 25 clone with 24-hour fermentation time for K. The highest micronutrients contents were found in PBC 123 clone  with 96-hour fermentation time for Fe, in MCC 02 clone with 120-hour fermentationtime for Mn, and in BR 25 clone with 96-hour fermentation time for Zn. Variations  of protein,  macronutrients and micronutrients contents in cocoa beans were affected  by clone variety and fermentation time treatment.
How the policy environment influences value chain linkages: a comparative study of cocoa and pineapple in Ghana
Authors: Manteaw Seth Awuku , Anaglo Jonathan Nicholas , Boateng Seth Dankyi , Folitse Benjamin Yao
Published: September 2018

This paper takes its point of departure from the school of thought that linkages in agricultural commodity value chains may hold the key to making actors in the chain innovative. Ghana's agricultural export sector is characterized by two main types of export: traditional and non-traditional. The traditional agricultural export sector is driven largely by the cocoa industry, while the pineapple industry represents one of the leading commodity industries in the non-traditional export sector. Using a multiple case study methodology, the paper seeks to examine how the policy environment could strengthen value chain linkages and make activities in the value chains more competitive. The study was derived from interactions with actors in the cocoa and pineapple value chains, namely input suppliers, producers, buyers, processors and some support services providers and regulatory agencies. The intention was to assemble their perceptions as interpreted in their own settings. The study showed how the existing policy on research, extension and marketing had encouraged better linkages horizontally and vertically among actors in the pineapple value chain. On the other hand, the policy underpinned by a public sector leadership in the cocoa value chain, had lowered the motivation for stronger linkages in the cocoa value chain. In terms of policy implication, the study makes a strong case for more participation of private sector actors as it is more likely to expand the platform for more interactive learning among actors for their mutual benefit.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Edel Cocoa Clones Parental Cross Using Maturase K (matK) Gene
Authors: Anita-Sari Indah , Sobir Sobir , Wahyu Susilo Agung , Hidayatullah Akhmad , Sugianto Pingkan , Faizal Irvan
Published: September 2018

Economically, cacao bean products are divided into fine flavor and bulk cocoa. Fine flavor cocoa has white color beans while bulk cocoa has purple color beans. Bean color of fine-flavor cocoa beans is determined by the presence of a double recessive gene which is inherited from Criollo cocoa type. Analysis of the genetic background in this study used maturase K (matK) gene to ascertain the identity of the genotypes which will be used as a parent in crossing of fine flavor cocoa plants. The study aimed to investigate the genetic background of the promising clones that will be used as a parent in breeding program on fine flavor cocoa based on maturase K (matK) gene in order to ensure the identity of the genotype that will be used in parent crossing and it had Criollo ancestor. DNA analysis was conducted at Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology (BPPT), Serpong, West Java. DNA analysis was conducted on eight genotypes consisting of four genotypes of fine flavor cocoa (ICCRI 02, DRC 16,  PNT 16 and DR 2) and four genotypesof bulk cocoa (MCC 01, MCC 02,  sulawesi 1,  and KW 617).  The results showed that Maturase K (matK) was one of chloroplastgene which could be used to study phylogenetic and evolution on cocoa. Two primers Mac 02 and Mac 09 were used for amplification of matK gene on cocoa with a rate of homology 99-100% with position 872 bp for Mac 02 and 1153 bp for Mac 09.The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the cocoa genotypes would be used as parent crossing included DR 2, ICCRI 02, DRC 16, PNT 16, MCC 01, MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, KW 617 and HJ 2 tended to have ancestral Criollo as female parent.
Atatürk Baraj Gölü’nün Kirli ve Temiz Bölgelerinden Yakalanan Balıkların (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843, Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811, Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, 1758) Dokularındaki Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: FIRAT Özgür , FIRAT Özge , ÇOĞUN Hikmet Yeter , AYTEKİN Tüzin , FRİDİN Gülbin , TEMİZ Özge , SAĞ Hazal , KARGIN Ferit
Published: September 2018

Atatürk Baraj
Gölü’nün evsel ve endüstriyel atık sularıyla kirlenen Sitilce ve göreceli
olarak temiz bölge olan Samsat bölgelerinden dört farklı balık türü, 2013
yılının Ağustos ayında yakalanmıştır. Silurus triostegus, Chalcalburnus tarichi, Chondrostoma regium ve Carassius carassius türlerinin balıkların solungaç, karaciğer ve kas dokularındaki Cu, Zn, Fe,
Cd, Pb ve Cr düzeyleri İndüktif olarak Birleştirilmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon
Spektrometresi (ICP-OES) cihazıyla belirlenmiştir. Metal düzeylerinin çalışma
bölgelerinden etkilendiği ve tüm örneklerin dokularındaki en yüksek metal
düzeylerinin kirli bölgede daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Sitilce ve Samsat
örneklerinin kas dokularındaki en yüksek metal düzeyleri µg/g kuru ağırlık olarak sırasıyla; 0,75 ve 0,18 (Cu); 22,58 ve 7,42 (Zn); 27,11 ve
7,22 (Fe); 0,09 ve Saptanamadı (SP) (Cd), 
0,29 ve SP (Pb), 0,13 ve SP (Cr) olarak bulunmuştur. Atatürk Baraj
Gölü’nün Sitilce bölgesindeki balıkların kas dokularında önemli düzeylerde ağır
metallerin biriktiği ancak bu değerlerin yasal olarak izin verilen limitlerin
altında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DA POBREZA NOS MUNICÍPIOS GAÚCHOS
Authors: De Farias Hellen Nunes , Leivas Pedro Henrique , Menezes Gabrielito
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a dependência espacial da pobreza para os municípios do Rio Grande do Sul para o ano de 2010, através da análise exploratória de dados espaciais e da estimação de modelos econométricos especiais. Primeiramente, a dependência espacial é obtida através de uma medida de autocorrelação espacial global. Posteriormente, a estimação e comparação entre o Modelo por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários, Modelo com Defasagem Espacial e o Modelo de Erro Espacial, indica que o melhor ajuste dos dados e, consequentemente, o resultado mais robusto é obtido pelo Modelo de Erro Espacial. Os resultados indicam a existência de dependência espacial para a pobreza. Os resultados ainda mostram que o impacto da renda per capita, da taxa de analfabetismo, entre outras variáveis, são significativos na determinação da pobreza na região.
Existence results for second order linear differential equations in Banach spaces
Authors: Mursaleen M. , Rizvi Syed
Published: September 2018

In this paper we are concerned with the existence of solutions for certain classes of second order differential equations. First we deal with an infinite system of second order linear differential equations, which is reduced to an ordinary differential equation posed in the space of convergent sequences. Next we investigate the problem of existence for a second order differential equation posed on an arbitrary Banach space. The used approach is based on the measures of noncompactness concept, the use of Darbo's fixed point theorem and Kamke comparison functions.
Musings on quantum music: Can quantum music bring us closer to objective beauty?
Authors: Marletto Chiara
Published: September 2018

Quantum music is an idea to compose music based on a fundamental physical
theory, quantum theory. One of the underlying theses of the project is that
by merging a deep theory of physics with music one can provide a more
interesting musical landscape. An interesting problem opened by quantum
music is whether this idea will, or will not, allow one to move closer to
objective beauty, if such a thing exists. I will explore what the
implications of quantum music are for this issue. Can the marriage of
science and art permit the achievement of a richer set of aestetic outputs?
Effect of combined hole configuration on film cooling with and without mist injection
Authors: Tian Ke , Wang Jin , Liu Chao , Baleta Jakov , Yang Li , Sunden Bengt
Published: September 2018

Turbine blades operate under a harsh environmental condition, and the inlet temperature of gas turbines is increasing with requirement of high engine efficiency. Some cooling schemes are adopted to prevent these blades from the thermal erosion of the hot mainstream. Film cooling technology is used widely and effectively in gas turbines. The coolant air is suppressed to the wall by the main-stream after jetting out of the film hole. A new hole configuration is first pro-posed to improve the film cooling characteristics in this paper. Comparison be-tween a conventional cylindrical hole and a new combined hole is conducted by CFD, and effects of various blowing ratios and droplet sizes are also investigated. Results show that the combined hole configuration provides a wider coverage than that in the cylindrical hole configuration case at high blowing ratios (M = 1.0 and M = 1.5). In addition, the film cooling with mist injection also provides a significant enhancement on cooling performance especially for the combined hole case with a small droplet size (10?5 m).
Heating and cooling capacity of phase change material coupled with screen mesh wick heat pipe for thermal energy storage applications
Authors: Palappan Rajendran , Pasupathy Avadaiappa , Asirvatham Lazarus , Trijo Tharayil , Wongwises Somchai
Published: September 2018

The thermal performance of a phase change material (PCM) heat pipe system is experimentally analysed using acetone as heat pipe fluid in a heat load range of 10-50 W at different flow rates of the condenser coolant. The evaporator of the heat pipe is enclosed in a chamber which filled with a PCM or water. Heat inputs are applied at the evaporator of the heat pipe through the PCM or water. In this study, the heat retention as well as cooling time of the PCM-water are estimated at different heat loads and flow rates of condenser coolant. Similarly, the thermal resistance, evaporator and condenser heat transfer coefficients are also estimated at different heat loads. It is observed that the PCM takes more time during heating and cooling cycles to reach the steady-state temperatures and the temperature values reached during heating are also higher for PCM compared to water. The use of PCM enhances the thermal storage capacity and shows a maximum enhancement of 200% in heat retention time compared to water at 50 W. Moreover, a maximum enhancement of 63.6% is observed in the steady-state temperature of the PCM compared to water. Similarly thermal resistance, evaporator wall temperature and heat transfer coefficients of the heat pipe also vary for PCM and water. The experimental results indicate that PCM or water can be used in this combined system depending upon requirement of thermal storage or electronics cooling.
Entropy generation analysis for forced convection boiling in absorber tubes of linear fresnel reflector solar thermal system
Authors: Thomas Sanju , Kumar Ajith , Sahoo Sudhansu , Varghese Shinu
Published: September 2018

A methodology has been presented related to entropy generation due to forced convection boiling in long absorber tubes used in linear Fresnel reflector solar thermal system. Variable heat flux has been applied on the tube which replicates the scenario for aforementioned tubes and local entropy generation has been obtained for various parameters. Mathematical modeling has been made separately for single-phase and two-phase regions in flow boiling conditions encountered in linear Fresnel reflector tubes. Entropy generation in two-phase region has been formulated using homogeneous equilibrium model. The entropy generation at varying mass flux and heat flux cases are calculated. The entropy generation due to heat transfer is found to be more than that of pressure drop. Still, entropy generation due to pressure drop in two-phase region plays a major role of increasing nature of it. Present approach will help researchers and industry to optimize the solar thermal systems where flow related phase change occurs and measures can be taken accordingly to increase energy efficiency of those systems.
An experimental investigation of interacting swirling multiple jets
Authors: Braikia Mohamed , Khelil Ali , Naji Hassan , Loukarfi Larbi
Published: September 2018

This article deals with the experimental investigation of multiple interacting jets, which may be interested in many engineering applications such as design of a ventilation supply device. The main objective of this study is to achieve the best configuration for use in ventilation applications. To achieve this, several parameters have been considered and discussed such as the imbalance in temperature and diffuser orifices position with relative imbalance in flow rate between central and peripheral jets. Flow rate has been adjusted at Reynolds numbers, ranging from 104 to 3?104. The present study is carried out under uniform heat flux condition for each diffuser, and air is used as a working fluid. Experiences concerning the fusion of several jets show that the resulting jet is clearly more homogenized under the influence of the central swirling jet. Highlights of such an investigation show that, if the relative position of the central jet is higher, the radial spreading of the resultant jet is more important when all jets are in the same plane. This spreading is also improved compared to the case where the relative position of the peripheral jets is higher, thereby allowing to process a large volume of air. In addition, it becomes attractive to operate, especially when we aim premises homogenization.