bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender disparity versus equality in acute stroke: a Middle Eastern country hospital-based study
Authors: George John , Aref Hany , Nasser Azza Abdel , Nasef Ayman , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Roushdy Tamer
Published: June 2023

Background

Acute stroke management is well-established in developed countries with no gender difference. Yet, in developing countries there are reports on gender disparity in medical services including stroke services. Egypt, a developing low–middle-income country, heavily populated, in the Middle East is a good example to answer whether acute ischemic stroke service is provided equally to males and females or there is disparity in risk factors, onset to door (OTD), door to needle (DTN), and outcome. The current study was prospective observational analytical hospital-based study, on acute ischemic stroke cases admitted to Nasr city insurance hospital stroke unit between September 2020 and September 2022.

Results

350 cases were included, 257 males and 93 females. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor 66% males and 81% females P = 0.011, atrial fibrillation was predominant in females P < 0.001, smoking was predominant in males P < 0.001. Median OTD in hours was 8.0 among both genders with minimum zero and maximum 96 h in males compared to minimum 1 and maximum 120 h in females, DTN was around 30 min with no significant difference. Median NIHSS on which rtPA was administered was 12.5 (6–13) in females compared to 10 (6–12) in males. Males who did not receive rtPA had a better mRS on discharge and on 90 days P = 0.01, 0.009, respectively, while there was no significant difference on discharge and 90 days between both genders on receiving rtPA.

Conclusions

No gender disparity was found in DTN, discharge outcome, and 90 days among rtPA recipients. Females tended to have higher NIHSS and relatively delayed presentation to ER with less favorable outcome at discharge and 90 days in case of not receiving rtPA. Encouraging earlier arrival and conducting awareness campaigns for risk factors management is warranted.
Effects of primary motor cortex noninvasive brain stimulation on post-stroke aphasia: a narrative review
Authors: Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz , Brooke Valerie , Ghorbanpour Sahar , Fateh Hamid R.
Published: June 2023

Aphasia is one of the most debilitating impairments after stroke, significantly affecting patients’ comprehension, communication, functional recovery, and overall quality of life. There are numerous strategies for treating aphasia in post-stroke patients. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technologies, particularly transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated promising improvements in post-stroke aphasia when used as an adjunct therapy. However, previous studies have stimulated language-related areas only. This literature review examined the effect of primary motor cortex (M1) stimulation on language function and aphasia following stroke. Applying tDCS or TMS to the primary motor cortex has been shown to improve language recovery following stroke, suggesting a combination with other forms of speech-language rehabilitation has the potential to improve aphasia.
Pulmonary veins isolation using cryoballoon and pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation: practical techniques in variable scenarios
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Schmidt Boris , Chun Julian K. R.
Published: June 2023

Catheter ablation is the most effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Electrical pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) forms the cornerstone ablation strategy. Radiofrequency (RF) in combination with 3D mapping system is the traditional ablation approach to treat AF. As a single-shot ablation system, cryoballoon (CB) has been an established ablation modality to facilitate PVI procedure. As a novel non-thermal single-shot ablation technology, pulsed field ablation (PFA) has its unique biophysical profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that PFA allows for efficient and durable PVI. However, the manipulation of single-shot ablation catheter may be different from the conventional point-by-point RF ablation catheter; ablation catheter with fixed size may have practical difficulties in variable anatomy and different clinical scenarios. The present article focuses on the technical aspects, describes the procedural approaches and illustrates the practical techniques of using CB and PFA for PVI, ultimately with the purpose to facilitate the ablation procedure and improve the patients’ clinical outcome.
ISpliter: an intelligent and automatic surface mesh generator using neural networks and splitting lines
Authors: Liu Zengsheng , Chen Shizhao , Gao Xiang , Zhang Xiang , Gong Chunye , Xu Chuanfu , Liu Jie
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we present a novel surface mesh generation approach that splits B-rep geometry models into isotropic triangular meshes based on neural networks and splitting lines. In the first stage, a recursive method is designed to generate plentiful data to train the neural network model offline. In the second stage, the implemented mesh generator, ISpliter, maps each surface patch into the parameter plane, and then the trained neural network model is applied to select the optimal splitting line to divide the patch into subdomains continuously until they are all triangles. In the third stage, ISpliter remaps the 2D mesh back to the physical space and further optimizes it. Several typical cases are evaluated to compare the mesh quality generated by ISpliter and two baselines, Gmsh and NNW-GridStar. The results show that ISpliter can generate isotropic triangular meshes with high average quality, and the generated meshes are comparable to those generated by the other two software under the same configuration.
Use of laboratory animals and issues regarding the procurement of animals for research in Korea
Authors: Ahn Na , Park Jaehak , Roh Sangho
Published: June 2023

Background

Laboratory animals remain critical to biomedical research, despite the increasing availability of alternative approaches. Indeed, scientists strive to reduce and refine and replace the use of laboratory animals, even in the face of public calls for ever-more stringent regulation for the protection and care of animals in research. This report outlines the current status and legal regulatory issues with regard to the procurement and use of animals for research in Korea.

Results

The number of animals used for education and research purposes was increased nationwide, from 2.5 to 4.9 million in 2015 and 2021, respectively. When compared with figures from the UK, institutions in Korea were found to use more mammals such as mice and dogs. In our research, we identified three major issues concerning recent animal supply in Korea, particularly: (1) Purchase of dogs from unregistered animal supplier for a dog cloning project; (2) Purchase of dogs from an unclear source for veterinary education and training; (3) Illegal cat experiments using cats obtained from unauthorized routes.

Conclusions

Our findings support the notion that alternatives to laboratory animal research should be implemented. We conclude that improvements in the regulations and guidelines for animal suppliers, together with the recent introduction of legislation will improve animal safety and wellbeing of animals in laboratory research in Korea.
Phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of functional herbal drink from Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) fruits containing spices and condiments
Authors: Gomez Saji , Anjali C. , Kuruvila Bintu , Maneesha P. K. , Joseph Meagle
Published: June 2023

Functional beverages originate primarily from fruits and vegetables sources, but also include those from other plants such as tea, coffee, cocoa, soybean as well as animal products like milk and dairy-based and alcoholic drinks. They have definite medical or health benefits which include prevention or delaying the progress of diseases. Indian gooseberry is a very rich source of vitamin C and phenolics, two potent antioxidant compounds. Similarly curcumin in turmeric, piperine in black pepper and gingerol in ginger have proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Incidence of covid-19 pandemic has raised awareness among people the importance of maintaining higher levels of immunity. A study was undertaken at Kerala Agricultural University during 2020–21 to develop an herbal functional drink from Indian gooseberry fruit juice incorporated with turmeric and black pepper powders, ginger juice extract and juice of acid lime fruits. The herbal drink formulated with these ingredients was homogenized at an operating pressure of 175 Bar with a speed of 235 SPM and was subsequently pasteurized at 100 0 C for 10 minutes in glass bottles, followed by storage under refrigerated conditions at 5 ± 2 0 C for 3 months. The initial ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total carotenoids and total curcumin contents were 61.0 mg100g− 1, 184.0 mg100g− 1, 153.0 mg100g− 1, 119.98 mg100g− 1 and 31.0 mg100g− 1, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the herbal drink was determined by three assays, viz. ABTS, DDPH and FRAP. The initial IC 50 values of the herbal drink by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays were 8.64, 0.212 and 0.368 μgml− 1, respectively. Significant decline in ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, total carotenoids and curcumin content were recorded in the product during storage in contrast to the total phenolics content which showed a significant rise over the storage period. Antioxidant activity of the herbal drink determined by all the three assays also declined significantly throughout the storage period. The results indicate that the product can be promoted as a healthy drink which has to be stored at low temperature in order to retain higher levels of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity.

Graphical Abstract
A rare case of Zinner syndrome with unilateral testicular agenesis and aberrant course of left common iliac artery
Authors: Varma Dixit , Ullah Ibrahim Khalil , Thakur Madhurjya Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background

Zinner syndrome is a rare Wolffian duct anomaly presenting as a triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The condition is due to a developmental anomaly leading to malformation of the mesonephric duct. Magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome. Due to the limited number of cases reported in the literature, the associations of Zinner syndrome are not well established.

Case presentation

In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 38-year-old male with dysuria, intermittent pain in the scrotum and lower abdomen and painful ejaculation for the past six months. Imaging findings led to the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome, with unilateral testicular agenesis and an aberrant course of the left common iliac artery.

Conclusions

Apart from the known associations of Zinner syndrome, testicular agenesis in a patient with Zinner syndrome has not been reported in the literature and is an important addition to the limited literature available.
Relative time in physical activity and sedentary behaviour across a 2-year pedometer-based intervention in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Larsson Kristina , Von Rosen Philip , Rossen Jenny , Johansson Unn-Britt , Hagströmer Maria
Published: June 2023

Background

People with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D) need to be physically active, including moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and reduce time in sedentary behaviour (SB). Few studies have evaluated the effect of randomised controlled trials taking all movement behaviours into account. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 2-year pedometer-based intervention in people with prediabetes or T2D on relative time in movement behaviours.

Methods

Secondary analysis of longitudinal data on individuals with prediabetes or T2D from a three-armed randomised controlled trial, the Sophia Step Study, was conducted. The three groups were (1) a multi‑component group (self‑monitoring of steps with a pedometer plus counselling), (2) a single‑component group (self‑monitoring of steps with a pedometer, without counselling), and (3) a standard care group (control). The three behaviours MVPA, LIPA and SB during waking hours were measured with an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Relative time in MVPA, LIPA and SB for each participant at each time point was calculated and used as outcome measures. Linear mixed models assessed the effect of the intervention over time.

Results

In total 184 participants with mean (SD) age 64.3 (7.6) years and 41% female was included. In the multi-component group, compared to the control group, a significant group-by-time interaction effect for relative time in all three behaviours was found at 6 and 18 months and for MVPA and SB at 24 months. In the single-component group, compared to the control group, an effect occurred in the MVPA and SB behaviours at 6 months and MVPA and LIPA at 24 months. The estimated marginal means ranged from 0.9 to 1.5% of more MVPA, 1.9–3.9% of less LIPA and from 0.5% of less SB to 1.7 more SB in the intervention groups compared to the control group.

Conclusions

The findings show a beneficial effect on all behaviours over time in the two intervention groups compared to the control group. A more pronounced effect occurred in the multi-component intervention compared to the single-component intervention, implicating the importance of counselling in pedometer-based interventions.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02374788
Introduction to this special section: Regional focus: Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Rollins Francis , Vyas Madhav , Hennenfent Gilles
Published: June 2023

Since the first offshore well was drilled there in 1938, the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has been one of the world's most exciting and prolific oil-producing basins. Evolving seismic and production technology has kept it an active and vibrant basin for almost a century. The original offshore seismic used short streamers and dynamite sources; these evolved to ever-longer streamers, greater numbers of channels, and much more environmentally sensitive air guns to acquire huge amounts of 2D data. The Miocene trends closer to shore were largely developed with this, and bright spot technology in the 1960s and 1970s guided and allowed the rapid development of the prolific Plio-Pleistocene gas fields near the edge of the shelf.
Toward generalized models for machine-learning-assisted salt interpretation in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Warren Cable , Kainkaryam Sribharath , Lasscock Ben , Sansal Altay , Govindarajan Sanath , Valenciano Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Interpreting salt bodies in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) can be complex due to various factors affecting the accuracy of automated techniques. Variability of salt structures, seismic acquisition parameters, and imaging algorithms can impact the resulting seismic image. These differences can result in variations in seismic resolution and texture, making it challenging to develop automated interpretation techniques that are accurate and reliable for identifying salt bodies in the GoM. However, using seismic images with similar acquisition parameters and processing methods minimizes these differences and makes machine-learning (ML) models applicable. Utilizing nine data sets from the eastern GoM, a nine-fold cross-validation technique was applied to measure the generalization performance of the ML model. This method involves using one data set as the test set and the remaining eight for training and repeating the process for all subsets. We further applied an ensemble of the nine models to predict salt on a new unseen survey in Green Canyon. The study aimed to illustrate how salt variability and morphology in the GoM can impact the ability of the ML algorithm to predict salt bodies on unseen data.
First-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Plus Antiangiogenic Drugs Versus Third-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mosca Mirta , Conci Nicole , Di Federico Alessandro , Tateo Valentina , Favorito Valentina , Zappi Arianna , Gelsomino Francesco , De Giglio Andrea
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite significant survival improvement, the emergence of resistance mechanisms represents a common event. In this meta-analysis, we compared the efficacy and safety of third-generation EGFR-TKIs, the current standard of care, to first-generation EGFR-TKIs with antiangiogenic drugs for the first-line treatment of NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) reporting survival data published before September 1, 2022, were searched through the MEDLINE databases (PubMed), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events (≥3 TRAEs) data were analyzed.

RESULTS

Twelve RCTs were included in our meta-analysis, with a total of 3,565 patients. We observed that third-generation EGFR-TKIs and first-generation EGFR-TKIs combined with antiangiogenic drugs provided a similar OS benefit over first-generation EGFR-TKIs in any of the subgroups. However, we indirectly observed a greater PFS benefit of third-generation EGFR-TKIs over first-generation EGFR-TKIs in females, never-smokers, in patients harboring exon 19 deletions, and in those with brain metastasis, as compared with using first-generation EGFR-TKIs plus antiangiogenic drugs. The ORR did not differ between the combination strategy and third-generation EGFR-TKIs. Finally, the risk of developing grade ≥3 TRAEs was higher using the combination of first-generation EGFR-TKIs and antiangiogenic drugs over first-generation EGFR-TKIs than third-generation EGFR-TKIs over first-generation EGFR-TKIs.

CONCLUSION

This meta-analysis suggests that the combination strategy may provide an alternative to third-generation EGFR-TKIs, but more data are needed to determine the predictive clinicopathologic characteristics that can influence the treatment choice. Until then, third-generation EGFR-TKIs still represent the first choice in advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations.
Glycated Albumin Correlates With Time-in-Range Better Than HbA1c or Fructosamine
Authors: Desouza Cyrus V , Rosenstock Julio , Kohzuma Takuji , Fonseca Vivian A
Published: June 2023

Context

Intermediate-term glycemic control metrics may represent a viable alternative to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients without access to CGM.

Objective

This work aimed to compare the relationship between CGM parameters and glycated albumin (GA), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fructosamine for 24 weeks.

Methods

We conducted exploratory comparative analyses of CGM subgroup data from a previously published 24-week prospective study of assay performance in 8 US clinics. Participants included 34 individuals with type 1 (n = 18) and type 2 diabetes (n = 16) undergoing changes to improve glycemic control (n = 22; group 1) or with stable diabetes therapy (n = 12; group 2). Main outcome measures included Pearson correlations between CGM and glycemic indices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of glycemic index values predictive of time in range (TIR) greater than 70%.

Results

At weeks 4 and 8, GA correlations with TIR were higher than HbA1c correlations in group 1. In group 2, GA correlations with TIR were statistically significant, whereas HbA1c correlations were not. In both groups over the first 12 weeks, GA correlations with TIR were higher than fructosamine-TIR correlations. In the ROC analysis, GA predicted a TIR greater than 70% during weeks 2 to 24 (area under the curve >0.80); HbA1c was predictive during weeks 12 to 24. Cutoff values for TIR greater than 70% were 17.5% (sensitivity and specificity, 0.88) for GA and 7.3% (0.86) for HbA1c.

Conclusion

GA is the most accurate predictor of TIR over 8 weeks compared with other glycemic indices, which may assist in clinical evaluation of changes in treatment where CGM is not possible and it is too early to use HbA1c (NCT02489773).
Update on Adipose Tissue and Cancer
Authors: Brown Kristy A , Scherer Philipp E
Published: June 2023

Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ and an accepted contributor to overall energy homeostasis. There is strong evidence linking increased adiposity to the development of 13 types of cancer. With increased adiposity comes metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance, and increased systemic insulin and glucose support the growth of many cancers, including those of the colon and endometrium. There is also an important direct crosstalk between adipose tissue and various organs. For instance, the healthy development and function of the mammary gland, as well as the development, growth, and progression of breast cancer, are heavily impacted by the breast adipose tissue in which breast epithelial cells are embedded. Cells of the adipose tissue are responsive to external stimuli, including overfeeding, leading to remodeling and important changes in the secretion of factors known to drive the development and growth of cancers. Loss of factors like adiponectin and increased production of leptin, endotrophin, steroid hormones, and inflammatory mediators have been determined to be important mediators of the obesity–cancer link. Obesity is also associated with a structural remodeling of the adipose tissue, including increased localized fibrosis and disrupted angiogenesis that contribute to the development and progression of cancers. Furthermore, tumor cells feed off the adipose tissue, where increased lipolysis within adipocytes leads to the release of fatty acids and stromal cell aerobic glycolysis leading to the increased production of lactate. Both have been hypothesized to support the higher energetic demands of cancer cells. Here, we aim to provide an update on the state of the literature revolving around the role of the adipose tissue in cancer initiation and progression.
Developmental mechanisms understood quantitatively
Authors: Biga Veronica , Wyatt Tom P. J. , Pinheiro Diana
Published: June 2023

Across developmental systems, quantitative and imaging-based approaches have provided unprecedented resolution of dynamic changes in gene regulation and cell fate specification, along with complex changes in tissue morphology. This has set the stage for a wealth of comprehensive theoretical models, parameterised by experimental data, able to reproduce key aspects of biological behaviour and jointly enabling a higher level of abstraction, going from the identification of the molecular components to understanding complex functional relationships between these components. Despite these successes, gaining a cross-scale understanding of developmental systems will require further collaboration between disciplines, from developmental biology to bioengineering, systems biology and biophysics. We highlight the exciting multi-disciplinary research discussed at The Company of Biologists workshop ‘Fostering quantitative modelling and experimentation in Developmental Biology’.
Technical challenges of studying early human development
Authors: Rugg-Gunn Peter J. , Moris Naomi , Tam Patrick P. L.
Published: June 2023

Recent years have seen exciting progress across human embryo research, including new methods for culturing embryos, transcriptional profiling of embryogenesis and gastrulation, mapping lineage trajectories, and experimenting on stem cell-based embryo models. These advances are beginning to define the dynamical principles of development across stages, tissues and organs, enabling a better understanding of human development before birth in health and disease, and potentially leading to improved treatments for infertility and developmental disorders. However, there are still significant roadblocks en route to this goal. Here, we highlight technical challenges to studying early human development and propose ways and means to overcome some of these constraints.
Influence of Supervised Maternal Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy on 1-Month-Old Neonatal Cardiac Function and Outflow: A Pilot Study
Authors: MAY LINDA E. , MCDONALD SAMANTHA , STEWART COURTNEY , NEWTON EDWARD , ISLER CHRISTY , STEED DENNIS , SARNO LAUREN A , KELLEY GEORGE A. , CHASAN-TABER LISA , KUEHN DEVON , ALLMAN-TUCKER BRITTANY R. , STROM CODY , CLAIBORNE ALEX , FANG XIANGMING
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The objective of this study is to assess the effects of supervised, recommended levels of prenatal aerobic exercise on 1-month-old infant cardiac function.

Methods

Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group that participated in 150 min of supervised, moderate-intensity (40% to 59% V̇O2peak, 12 to 14 on Borg rating of perceived exertion) aerobic exercise per week for 24 wk or more or a nonexercising group that consisted of 150 min·wk−1 of relaxation techniques. One-month-old infant echocardiogram was performed to assess infant cardiac function, including heart rate (HR), left-ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and velocity time integral at the aortic valve. Pearson correlation analyses and linear regression models were performed.

Results

Prenatal aerobic exercise was negatively correlated with infant resting HR (r = −0.311, P = 0.02). Similarly, when controlling for infant sex and activity state, exercise level/volume (β = −0.316; 95% CI, −0.029 to −0.002; P = 0.02) predicted resting infant HR (R
2 = 0.18, P = 0.02). In infants of overweight/obese women, infants of aerobic exercisers had increased fractional shortening (P = 0.03). In addition, infant ventricular ejection fraction was correlated with maternal exercise attendance (r = 0.418, P = 0.03) as well as a trend for exercise level (r = 0.351, P = 0.08). Similarly, the only significant regression model for infants of overweight/obese women controls infant activity state (β = −0.444; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.01; P = 0.006) and maternal exercise level (β = 0.492; 95% CI, 5.46–28.74; P = 0.01) predicting infant resting HR (F = 5.79, R
2 = 0.40, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate that women participating in exercise in the second and third trimesters of their pregnancy may have infants with increased cardiac function at 1 month of age. Importantly, the cardiac function effects were further augmented for infants born to overweight/obese women.
BFR Training Improves Patients’ Reported Outcomes, Strength, and Range of Motion After Casting for Colles’ Fracture
Authors: YANG MINGMING , LIANG BIN , ZHAO XIN , WANG YANG , XUE MINGYUAN , WANG DAN
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study compared traditional rehabilitation as a treatment modality after plaster cast treatment of Colles’ fracture with a combination of individualized blood flow restriction (BFR) and traditional rehabilitation.

Methods

Twenty-eight participants were randomized into a BFR group and a non-BFR group after plaster cast treatment of Colles’ fracture. The BFR group completed traditional rehabilitation with a medical grade tourniquet applied to the upper arm, and the non-BFR group underwent traditional rehabilitation only. Patients were followed up with radiographic outcomes (palmar tilt and radial inclination) to ensure the stability of the fracture. Clinical assessment of patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) score, grip strength, pinch strength, wrist range of motion (ROM), and muscle stiffness was conducted at cast removal and 6 wk after cast removal. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA determined significant interactions between time and group in the aforementioned variables. An independent-sample t-test assessed the differences in baseline variables and radiographic outcomes.

Results

Significant interactions between time and group were noted for PRWE score (F = 11.796, P = 0.002, η
2
p = 0.339), grip strength (F = 5.445, P = 0.029, η
2
p = 0.191), and wrist ROM (ulnar deviation; F = 7.856, P = 0.010, η
2
p = 0.255). No significant interactions between time and group were found in measurements of pinch strength or wrist ROM (flexion, extension, radial deviation, pronation, supination). An independent-sample t-test showed no significant difference in baseline variables and radiographic outcomes between the groups before or after intervention.

Conclusions

This study found that combining individualized BFR with traditional rehabilitation resulted in greater increases in PRWE score, grip strength, and wrist ROM (ulnar deviation) than traditional rehabilitation alone. Therefore, adding individualized BFR to traditional rehabilitation might be a better option for treatment for similar patients.
Chat-GPT: Opportunities and Challenges in Child Mental Healthcare
Authors: Imran Nazish , Hashmi Aateqa , Imran Ahad
Published: June 2023

Mental health in children and young people is a global public health concern. With the increasing prevalence of mental illnesses and a significant treatment gap, Mental Health in children and adolescents is now a global public health concern. The development and extensive research in the field of Artificial Intelligence(AI) for healthcare has been quite promising. The emergence of AI based alternatives could be a viable solution for reducing mental health treatment gap for people belonging to low and middle income countries. Development of Chatbots like ChatGPT which is trained, using large amount of textual data from the internet, can revolutionize child and adolescent mental healthcare by acting as an effective assisting tool but a lot of caution is required for its safe and responsible use in times to come.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.8118

How to cite this: Imran N, Hashmi A, Imran A. Chat-GPT: Opportunities and Challenges in Child Mental Healthcare. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.8118

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prevention and Mitigation of Rural Higher Education Dropout in Colombia: A Dynamic Performance Management Approach.
Authors: Guzman Rincón Alfredo , Barragán Sandra , Cosenz Federico , Cala Vitery Favio
Published: June 2023

Background: Dropout in higher education is a socio-educational phenomenon that has the scope to limit the benefits of education as well as to widen social disparities. For this reason, governments have implemented various public policies for its prevention and mitigation. However, in rural populations, such policies have proven to be ineffective. The aim of this paper is to simulate public policy scenarios for the treatment of school dropout in rural higher education in Colombia from a Dynamic Performance Management approach.

Methodology: To achieve the aim, a parameterised simulation model was designed with data from Colombian state entities in rural higher education. Five simulations were carried out. The analysis of the results was carried out using descriptive statistics and comparison of means using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank statistic.

Results: The adoption of such an approach based on simulations suggests that policies to expand the coverage of educational credits and financial support, as well as the addition of a family income subsidy, allow for a reduction in the number of dropouts.

Conclusions: A dynamic, data-driven approach can be effective in preventing and mitigating dropout in these areas. It also highlights the importance of identifying the key factors contributing to dropout. The results also suggest that government policies can have a significant impact on school retention in rural areas.
Automating the B2B Salesperson Pricing Decisions: A Human-Machine Hybrid Approach
Authors: Karlinsky-Shichor Yael , Netzer Oded
Published: June 2023

A human-machine hybrid automation approach is demonstrated to improve B2B sales performance through a pricing field experiment and econometric analyses.
Spotting the signs
Authors: Woodward Kelly
Published: June 2023

Kelly Woodward details her personal story of loss due to sepsis, and gives essential knowledge and tools to help save lives.
Continuing your development
Authors: Hapanovych Oleksandra
Published: June 2023

Oleksandra Hapanovych outlines why continuing education and professional development is essential for dental nurses.
All in the cards
Authors: Walking Francesca
Published: June 2023

Francesca Walking tells us about her new handmade revision cards, and how they helped her and many others learn and continue their dental nursing education!
A closer look
Authors: Khawaja Sally
Published: June 2023

Sally Khawaja details the fascinating history of the Gillies Unit at Queen Mary's Hospital.
The impact of a revision arthroplasty network on patient outcomes
Authors: Bloch Benjamin V. , Matar Hosam E. , Berber Reshid , Gray William K. , Briggs Timothy W. R. , James Peter J. , Manktelow Andrew R. J.
Published: June 2023

Aims

Revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) are complex procedures with higher rates of re-revision, complications, and mortality compared to primary TKA and THA. We report the effects of the establishment of a revision arthroplasty network (the East Midlands Specialist Orthopaedic Network; EMSON) on outcomes of rTKA and rTHA.

Methods

The revision arthroplasty network was established in January 2015 and covered five hospitals in the Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire areas of the East Midlands of England. This comprises a collaborative weekly multidisciplinary meeting where upcoming rTKA and rTHA procedures are discussed, and a plan agreed. Using the Hospital Episode Statistics database, revision procedures carried out between April 2011 and March 2018 (allowing two-year follow-up) from the five network hospitals were compared to all other hospitals in England. Age, sex, and mean Hospital Frailty Risk scores were used as covariates. The primary outcome was re-revision surgery within one year of the index revision. Secondary outcomes were re-revision surgery within two years, any complication within one and two years, and median length of hospital stay.

Results

A total of 57,621 rTHA and 33,828 rTKA procedures were performed across England, of which 1,485 (2.6%) and 1,028 (3.0%), respectively, were conducted within the network. Re-revision rates within one year for rTHA were 7.3% and 6.0%, and for rTKA were 11.6% and 7.4% pre- and postintervention, respectively, within the network. This compares to a pre-to-post change from 7.4% to 6.8% for rTHA and from 11.7% to 9.7% for rTKA for the rest of England. In comparative interrupted time-series analysis for rTKA there was a significant immediate improvement in one-year re-revision rates for the revision network compared to the rest of England (p = 0.024), but no significant change for rTHA (p = 0.504). For the secondary outcomes studied, there was a significant improvement in trend for one- and two-year complication rates for rTHA for the revision network compared to the rest of England.

Conclusion

Re-revision rates for rTKA and complication rates for rTHA improved significantly at one and two years with the introduction of a revision arthroplasty network, when compared to the rest of England. Most of the outcomes studied improved to a greater extent in the network hospitals compared to the rest of England when comparing the pre- and postintervention periods.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(6):641–648.
Influência da Qualificação Docente Sobre o Desempenho Discente no Enem
Authors: Abreu de Carvalho Junior José roberto , De Almeida Mendes Wanderson , Marques Ferreira Marco Aurélio
Published: June 2023

Pesquisas sobre os retornos da qualificação docente são ainda escassas na literatura brasileira, especialmente em se tratando dos resultados que alunos obtêm em testes padronizados, como o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem). Diante desse problema, o objetivo do artigo foi analisar a influência da qualificação docente sobre o desempenho discente no Enem. Para tanto, utilizamos o método de Regressão Linear Múltipla (RLM) com uma amostra das notas médias da prova objetiva no Enem por Escola 2019 de 385 campi de Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (Ifets) e de Centros Federais de Educação Tecnológica (Cefets) de todo o país. Os resultados sugerem que a qualificação docente tem influência positiva sobre o desempenho discente no Enem. Descobrimos que quanto maior é a titulação do corpo docente de uma escola, melhor é o desempenho dos seus alunos no Enem. Concluímos que é positivo o investimento que o Governo Federal realiza através das políticas de capacitação e remuneração docente nos Ifets/Cefets, uma vez que o retorno se materializa em boas notas dos alunos no Enem.
A Relação Entre o Burnout e Engajamento Com a Autoeficácia e Autoregulação dos Estudantes Universitários
Authors: Maria Rocha de Lima Katia , Moraes Edmilson Alves de
Published: June 2023

O cenário educacional, nos traz inúmeros desafios e preocupações, entre estas, o aumento dos níveis de estresse e esgotamento nos estudantes universitários em um contexto pós-pandêmico. Na literatura pesquisadores tem se debruçado sobre os riscos do burnout e seus efeitos em diferentes contextos incluindo o educacional, assim faz-se necessário a ampliação desta perspectiva, relacionando-a com fatores que impactam os estudantes. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho, é apresentar um modelo integrado, em que se testou o efeito mediador da autoeficácia, do engajamento e da autorregulação no que diz respeito ao burnout dos estudantes. A amostra submetida ao estudo foi composta por 941 estudantes matriculados em cursos de graduação a distância. Em virtude das características da pesquisa, a técnica estatística utilizada foi a de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados têm implicações: como à explicação das relações através de um modelo estrutural no qual foi possível identificar que o burnout impacta negativamente a autoeficácia e o engajamento, os quais, por sua vez, impactam positivamente a autorregulação. A contribuição está relacionada à validação e elaboração do modelo integrado composto por construtos de segunda ordem. Além disso foi identificado a mediação dos construtos engajamento e autorregulação, conforme a realidade educacional brasileira.
The October Crisis Revisited: Some Archaeological and Anthropological Examples
Authors: Karlsson Håkan
Published: June 2023

This text presents findings from a contemporary archaeology project that has been exploring the October Crisis (1962) and its material and immaterial remains in Cuba since 2005. The project is a cooperation between Swedish archaeologists and Cuban archaeologists, anthropologists and historians, and its primary aim is to complement the dominant narrative of the crisis with material and immaterial remains and memories in a way that approaches and explains the event “from below”. The current text focuses on the US Marston mats that can be found at a number of locations in farmsteads and villages surrounding the former missile sites in the Los Palacios and San Cristóbal areas, as well as on a photo of a Russian girl that was a gift from a Russian soldier to a Cuban peasant during the crisis. These objects present the reader with new material and human insights concerning the crisis that until now have been more or less concealed and unknown, contributing new complementary dimensions to the understanding of the October Crisis while also challenging the stereotypes constructing the dominant narrative.
Game Theory and a New Insight into How the Cuban Missile Crisis Was Resolved
Authors: Shaabani Somayeh , Eshaghi Gordji Madjid
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this article is to investigate the Cuban Missile Crisis with new approaches. For this purpose, we analyse this crisis in two static and dynamic approaches. In the static approach, we look at the crisis through the perspective of credible threats. In the dynamic approach, the crisis is modelled using several game theoretic models. The models allow us to analyse the interplay of the capabilities and the feasibility objectives of each player after a conflict with the other player’s objectives and capabilities. The dynamic system of games has significant implications as an important insight for modelling strategic interactions in which players pursue goals for increasing their personal interests. Our findings give insight into how the two countries reached a compromise in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
He Gets Us: How Marketers and Religion Evangelize
Authors: Einstein Mara , Timke Edward
Published: June 2023

Abstract: The 2023 Super Bowl saw the surprising appearance of two advertisements for He Gets Us promoting Jesus as a solution to the world's problems. For this article, Mara Einstein discusses with Ed Timke, in a series of videos, the similarities between advertising and religion and the facts about these ads, including their cost, target market, and sponsors. Einstein explains how her research, in her books Black Ops Advertising and Brands of Faith , informs her perspective on the situation, highlighting the agenda of these ads and the political connections of their corporate sponsors. Einstein delves into the He Gets Us campaign, which targets Generation Z and promotes Jesus as an influencer and a peaceful, loving, rebellious social activist. However, she explains, the campaign fails to address criticisms of Christianity, including a hypocritical lack of attention to issues such as homelessness and hunger. She explores the complexities of marketing religion and the challenges of reaching the fastest-growing demographic of religious "nones"—younger people who self-identify as not being affiliated with any religion. Additionally, Einstein details the evolution of faith-based marketing to "evangelize" and the similarities between cult marketing tactics and advertising. She concludes by offering advice on how to teach about religion, advertising, and marketing.
The History of Posters Is the History of Printing: An Interview with Angelina Lippert
Authors: Lippert Angelina , Timke Edward
Published: June 2023

Abstract: This article presents a series of videos featuring Angelina Lippert, the Chief Curator and Director of Content of Poster House in New York City. Poster House is the first museum in the United States dedicated to the art and history of the poster. The museum's goal is to exhibit all types of posters, from silkscreen to letterpress, from all over the world. Lippert details her career, which she began by interning at a New York poster auction house; there, she learned about the inner workings of the poster collection trade, from contracts to historical insights. Lippert shares her expert opinion on what posters are: a public-facing notice meant to persuade that marries word and image. She notes that the history of posters is the history of printing and that posters are a tool or byproduct of commerce with a very close relationship to advertising and commercial art. The discussion explores the history of posters globally, including the importance of the 1860s and stone lithography, the unique style used by New England literary advertisers in the 1890s, the work of Czech artist Alphonse Mucha, Blaxploitation posters from the 1970s, and Air India's Maharaja posters from 1946–1972, among other Poster House exhibitions. Poster House also features unique and vibrant programming online, which Lippert explains through a description of her favorite must-watch sessions. She also provides information and advice on how to conduct research involving posters as well as tips on how and why to preserve posters for posterity.
Impact of bisoprolol and amlodipine on cardiopulmonary responses and symptoms during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lan Chou-Chin , Hsieh Po-Chun , Tzeng I-Shiang , Yang Mei-Chen , Wu Chih-Wei , Su Wen-Lin , Wu Yao-Kuang
Published: June 2023

Background

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often have exercise intolerance. The prevalence of hypertension in COPD patients ranges from 39–51%, and β-blockers and amlodipine are commonly used drugs for these patients.

Objectives

We aimed to study the impact of β-blockers and amlodipine on cardiopulmonary responses during exercise.

Methods

A total 81 patients with COPD were included and the patients underwent spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and symptoms questionnaires.

Results

There were 14 patients who took bisoprolol and 67 patients who did not. Patients with COPD taking ß-blockers had lower blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) and more leg fatigue at peak exercise but similar exercise capacity as compared with patients not taking bisoprolol. There were 18 patients treated with amlodipine and 63 patients without amlodipine. Patients taking amlodipine had higher body weight, lower blood pressure at rest, and lower respiratory rates during peak exercise than those not taking amlodipine. Other cardiopulmonary parameters, such as workload, oxygen consumption at peak exercise, tidal volume at rest or exercise, cardiac index at rest or exercise were not significantly different between patients with or without bisoprolol or amlodipine. Smoking status did not differ between patients with or without bisoprolol or amlodipine.

Conclusions

COPD is often accompanied by hypertension, and β-blockers and amlodipine are commonly used antihypertensive drugs for these patients. Patients with COPD taking bisoprolol had lower SpO2 and more leg fatigue during peak exercise. Patients taking amlodipine had lower respiratory rates during exercise than those not taking amlodipine. Exercise capacity, tidal volume, and cardiac index during exercise were similar between patients with and without bisoprolol or amlodipine.
Art that Moves: The Works of Len Lye, Roger Horrocks (2015)
Authors: Wright Andrea
Published: June 2023

Review of: Art that Moves: The Works of Len Lye, Roger Horrocks (2015)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 257 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 422 2 (pbk), NZ$79.99

 

The Long Dream of Waking: New Perspectives on Len Lye, Paul Brobbel, Wystan Curnow and Roger Horrocks (eds) (2017)

Christchurch: Canterbury University Press, 224 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 92714 596 8 (pbk), NZ$49.99
Dancing New Habitual: Relational Embodiments in Improvised Dance Practice
Authors: Acorn Amanda
Published: June 2023

This essay explores dance practice-as-research and phenomenological methods to articulate an experiential, embodied dialogue with the material world. Drawing on practice notes from a phase of embodied research, the text argues for dance as a salient tool in reimagining, traditional forms of knowledge production and imagines the speculative possibilities of our communicative capacities with different bodies, human and non-human. Using practice-as-research as a frame I posit that dance-based systems of improvisation have the potential to deepen and articulate our habitual sensory faculties, expanding relational dialogues. Using scores and task-oriented improvisation in practice with more-than-human bodies, the text focuses on a process of discovery through the lived body and articulates an experiential practice, as one that enlivens bodies and builds worlds.