bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Little Shop of Errors:
An Innovative Simulation Patient Safety Workshop for Community Health Care Professionals
Authors: Tupper Judith B. , Pearson Karen B. , Meinersmann Krista M. , Dvorak Jean
Published: May 2013

Continuing education for health care workers is an important mechanism for maintaining patient safety and high-quality health care. Interdisciplinary continuing education that incorporates simulation can be an effective teaching strategy for improving patient safety. Health care professionals who attended a recent Patient Safety Academy had the opportunity to experience firsthand a simulated situation that included many potential patient safety errors. This high-fidelity activity combined the best practice components of a simulation and a collaborative experience that promoted interdisciplinary communication and learning. Participants were challenged to see, learn, and experience “ah-ha” moments of insight as a basis for error reduction and quality improvement. This innovative interdisciplinary educational training method can be offered in place of traditional lecture or online instruction in any facility, hospital, nursing home, or community care setting.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(6):274–277.
Interprofessional Learning Objectives for Health Team Simulations
Authors: Greidanus Elaine , King Sharla , LoVerso Tatiana , Ansell L. Dawn
Published: May 2013

Interprofessional health team simulations are often developed using learning objectives that relate to competency statements. Educators then assume these learning objectives are relevant to students participating in the simulation. However, evaluating the link between learning objectives and outcomes is often difficult in authentic simulation environments with multiple human factors. This article suggests one process for revising learning objectives based on review of the simulation, the debriefing, and the student feedback on reported learning. Implications for curriculum integration are discussed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(6):311–316.]
Trends and Opportunities in Geropsychiatric Nursing: Enhancing Practice Through Specialization and Interprofessional Education
Authors: Harris Melodee , Mayo Ann , Balas Michele Christina , Aaron Charlene S. , Buron Bill
Published: May 2013

Forecasted changes in the demographics of the United States suggest there will be an unprecedented need for health care professionals with specific training in geropsychiatric care. An aging society, the dearth of geropsychiatric health care professionals, the shortage of educators, and the lack of interprofessional geropsychiatric education require new strategies for nursing education to address these issues. The vision of the Institute of Medicine serves as a foundation for transforming geropsychiatric nursing and interprofessional education to prepare the next generation of nurses and the geropsychiatric workforce to improve the mental health care of older adults. This article aims to describe the importance and implications of implementing the recently released
Geropsychiatric Nursing Competency Enhancements
and the
Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
to improve the mental health care of older Americans. A secondary aim is to discuss how to overcome barriers in implementing interprofessional education in geropsychiatric nursing care. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(6):317–321.]
Le traducteur face à un domaine spécialisé
Authors: Damaso Eulalia
Published: May 2013

Fondée sur l’expérience concrète de la traduction d’un ouvrage sur les jeux, le commentaire et la réflexion portent sur l’ensemble de l’opération traduisante.
Application des pesticides en agriculture maraichère au Togo
Authors: Kanda Madjouma , Djaneye-Boundjou Gbandi , Wala Kpérkouma , Gnandi Kissao , Batawila Komlan , Sanni Ambaliou , Akpagana Koffi
Published: May 2013

L’étude porte sur l’analyse des pratiques, des attitudes et des connaissances des maraîchers par rapport à l’utilisation des pesticides au Togo. Elle a couvert les cinq (5) régions administratives du pays par une enquête auprès de 297 maraîchers. 98 % des maraîchers interrogés admettent que l’emploi des pesticides permet de réduire les pertes liées aux ravageurs et d’assurer un bon rendement. Cependant, la décision d’effectuer les traitements phytosanitaires et les moments de traitement diffèrent d’un maraîcher à un autre et d’une région à l’autre. Les modes d’utilisation et les délais de carence ne sont pas maîtrisés. Les maraîchers en majorité peu formés (14 %) n’ont pas une bonne connaissance des doses d’application et des fréquences de traitement. Ils sont peu convaincus des risques directs qu’ils encourent et de ce fait se protègent rarement.
Formal Reliability Analysis of Embedded Computing Systems
Authors: Hasan Osman , Tahar Sofiène
Published: May 2013

The accurate reliability assessment of embedded systems has become a concern of overwhelming importance with their increasingly ubiquitous usage in safety-critical domains like transportation, medicine, and nuclear power plants. Traditional reliability analysis approaches of testing and simulation cannot guarantee accurate result and thus there is a growing trend towards developing precise mathematical models of embedded systems and to use formal verification methods to assess their reliability. This chapter is mainly focused towards this emerging trend as it presents a formal approach for the reliability assessment of embedded computing systems using a higher-order-logic theorem prover (HOL). Besides providing the formal probability theory based fundamentals of this recently proposed technique, the chapter outlines a generic reliability analysis methodology for embedded systems as well. For illustration purposes, two case studies have been considered, i.e., analyzing the reparability conditions for a reconfigurable memory array in the presence of stuck-at and coupling faults and assessing the reliability of combinational logic based digital circuits.
Expressing and Validating OCL Constraints using Graphs
Authors: Zoubeir Najet , Khalfallah Adel , Ben Ahmed Samir
Published: May 2013

The definition of the semantics of visual languages, in particular Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, using graph formalism has known a wide success, since graphs fit the multi-dimensional nature of this kind of language. However, constraints written in Object Constraint Language (OCL) and defined on these models are still not well integrated within this graph-based semantics. In this chapter, the authors propose an integrated semantics of OCL constraints within class diagrams, using graph transformation systems. Their contribution is divided into two parts. In the first part, they introduce graph constraint patterns, as the translation into graphs of a subset of OCL expressions. These patterns are validated with experimental examples using the GROOVE toolset. In the second part, the authors define the relation between OCL and UML models within their graph transformation system.
Development of Automated Systems using Proved B Patterns
Authors: Mosbahi Olfa , Khalgui Mohamed , Li Zhiwu
Published: May 2013

This chapter proposes an approach for reusing specification patterns for the development of automated systems composed of two components: the controller and the controlled parts. The first is a software component controlling the second one that models the physical device and its environment. Specification patterns are design patterns that are expressed in a formal specification language. Reusing a specification pattern means instantiating it and the proofs associated. This chapter shows through a case study how to define specification patterns in Event-B, how to reuse them, and also how to reuse the proofs associated with specification patterns.
Safety Reconfiguration of Embedded Control Systems
Authors: Gharbi Atef , Gharsellaoui Hamza , Khalgui Mohamed , Valentini Antonio
Published: May 2013

The authors study the safety reconfiguration of embedded control systems following component-based approaches from the functional level to the operational level. At the functional level, a Control Component is defined as an event-triggered software unit characterized by an interface that supports interactions with the environment (the plant or other Control Components). They define the architecture of the Reconfiguration Agent, which is modelled by nested state machines to apply local reconfigurations. The authors propose technical solutions to implement the agent-based architecture by defining UML meta-models for both Control Components and also agents. At the operational level, a task is assumed to be a set of components having some properties independently from any real-time operating system. To guarantee safety reconfigurations of tasks at run-time, the authors define service and reconfiguration processes for tasks and use the semaphore concept to ensure safety mutual exclusions. They apply the priority ceiling protocol as a method to ensure the scheduling between periodic tasks with precedence and mutual exclusion constraints.
Wireless IEEE 802.11-Based Networking Approaches for Industrial Networked Systems
Authors: Moraes Ricardo , Vasques Francisco
Published: May 2013

During the last few years, the demand for Real-Time (RT) communication has been steadily increasing due to a wide range of new applications. Remarkable examples are VoIP (Voice over IP) and Networked Control Systems (NCS). For such RT applications, the support of timely communication services is one of the major requirements. The purpose of this chapter is to survey the state-of-the-art on RT communication in CSMA-based networks and to identify the most suitable approaches to deal with the requirements imposed by next generation communication systems. This chapter focuses on one of the most relevant solutions that operate in shared broadcast environments, according to the CSMA medium access protocol, the IEEE 802.11 standard. From this survey, it becomes clear that traditional CSMA-based networks are not able to deal with the requirements imposed by next generation communication systems. More specifically, they are not able to handle uncontrolled traffic sources sharing the same broadcast environment.
Emerging Technologies for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Silva Ivanovitch , Guedes Luiz Affonso , Portugal Paulo
Published: May 2013

The evolution of industrial networks can be summarized as a constant battle to define the universal technology that integrates field devices and applications. Since the Fieldbus wars in the 1980s, diverse wired solutions have been proposed. However, this scenario has been changing due to the introduction of industrial wireless sensor networks. In the last 10 years, the development of deterministic scheduling techniques, redundant routing algorithms, and energy saving issues has brought wireless sensor networks into the industrial domain. This new communication paradigm is governed by a de facto standard, the IEEE 802.15.4, and more recently also by the IEEE 802.15.5. However, there are signs of a new battle on the horizon with the new publicly available specifications of WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and IEC 62601. In this chapter, to the authors analyze the advantages and drawbacks of these emerging technologies for industrial wireless sensor networks.
EAST-ADL
Authors: Blom Hans , Lönn Henrik , Hagl Frank , Papadopoulos Yiannis , Reiser Mark-Oliver , Sjöstedt Carl-Johan , Chen De-Jiu , Tagliabò Fulvio , Torchiaro Sandra , Tucci Sara , Kolagari Ramin Tavakoli
Published: May 2013

EAST-ADL is an Architecture Description Language (ADL) initially defined in several European-funded research projects and subsequently refined and aligned with the more recent AUTOSAR automotive standard. It provides a comprehensive approach for defining automotive electronic systems through an information model that captures engineering information in a standardized form. Aspects covered include vehicle features, requirements, analysis functions, software and hardware components, and communication. The representation of the system’s implementation is not defined in EAST-ADL itself but by AUTOSAR. However, traceability is supported from EAST-ADL’s lower abstraction levels to the implementation level elements in AUTOSAR. In this chapter, the authors describe EAST-ADL in detail, show how it relates to AUTOSAR as well as other significant automotive standards, and present current research work on using EAST-ADL in the context of fully-electric vehicles, the functional safety standard ISO 26262, and for multi-objective optimization.
Bridging the Gap
Authors: Stebick Divonna M. , Paxton Mary L.
Published: May 2013

In this chapter, the researchers used an ethnographic stance to demonstrate how conversation evolved within a social media platform. They investigated the online discussions and face-to-face dialogues between teacher educators and pre-service teachers. They compared the participants’ reciprocal conversations within this case study to analyze patterns in the language used in each forum in order to identify the affordances and constraints of perceived understanding. Through this discourse analysis the authors sought to identify indicators of each participant’s metacognitive development while engaging in an online book discussion through a social media platform. Data analysis indicated that there was metacognitive growth when comparing the initial reciprocal conversations with the final conversations.
Using Multimodal Discourse Analysis to Identify Patterns of Problem Solving Processes in a Computer-Supported Collaborative Environment
Authors: Kennedy-Clark Shannon , Thompson Kate
Published: May 2013

Recently, there have been calls to undertake deeper analyses of learner interactions in collaborative computer-supported environments, analyses that move beyond code and count, in order to understand collaboration from multiple viewpoints. In this chapter, two analytical approaches are presented, analyzing and interpreting the same conversational data from learners sharing a computer to solve a virtual inquiry. It is proposed that through the combined use of group function analysis and discourse analysis perspectives, a deeper understanding of how learners interacted on both macro and micro levels can be gained. The patterns of successful and non-successful problem solving are established and, from this, factors that may contribute to goal attainment or non-attainment are outlined.
Studying the Suitability of Discourse Analysis Methods for Emotion Detection and Interpretation in Computer-Mediated Educational Discourse
Authors: Daradoumis Thanasis , Lafuente Marta María Arguedas
Published: May 2013

Conversation analysis (CA) and discourse analysis (DA) methods have been widely used to analyse classroom interaction in conventional educational environments and to some extent in e-learning environments, paying more attention to the ’quality’ and purposes the discourse serves to accomplish in its specific context. However, CA and DA methods seem to ignore emotion detection and interpretation when analysing learners’ interaction in online environments. Effective regulation of emotion, motivation and cognition in social interaction has been shown to be crucial in achieving problem-solving goals. The aim of this chapter is to provide an in-depth study on the possibility of applying discourse analysis methods in e-learning contexts with implications for emotion detection, interpretation and regulation. The result of this study shows whether a comprehensive approach that includes DA methodological solutions and constructivist strategies (e.g., cognitive dissonance) for emotion detection and interpretation can be elaborated and applied.
Second Language Learners’ Spoken Discourse
Authors: Cucchiarini Catia , Strik Helmer
Published: May 2013

This chapter examines the use of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology in the context of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and language learning and teaching research. A brief introduction to ASR is first provided, to make it clear why and how this technology can be used to the benefit of learning and development in second language (L2) spoken discourse. This is followed by an overview of the state of the art in research on ASR-based CALL. Subsequently, a number of relevant projects on ASR-based CALL conducted at the Centre for Language and Speech Technology of the Radboud University in Nijmegen (the Netherlands) are presented. Possible solutions and recommendations are discussed given the current state of the technology with an explanation of how such systems can be used to the benefit of Discourse Analysis research. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible perspectives for future research and development.
Writing to Meet Your Match
Authors: Berzsenyi Christyne
Published: May 2013

After ten years, Internet dating has become mainstreamed with members producing and consuming a great deal of written text before meeting face-to-face. Through a twenty-one-prompt questionnaire and follow up interviews, four case study participants describe their efforts at self-reflection, self-representation, and interaction with other members. The following chapter analyzes email questionnaire responses and interview excerpts that discuss each participant’s perceptions of the rhetorical process of writing profiles, interpreting others’ profiles, and exchanging emails to facilitate courtship. In addition, this chapter analyzes the discourse of participants’ self-presentations in comparison with their reported self-perceptions and impression management strategies. Findings suggest that more effective members composed their e-texts after a methodical process of understanding the communication genre, the expectations and behaviors of their target audiences, and their own relationship objectives. Further, participants with greater experience with cyber dating have more positive experiences, which led to positive attitudes and greater satisfaction with e-dating.
Engaging in Scientific Controversies in Science Blogs
Authors: Luzón María-José
Published: May 2013

The weblog incorporates technical capabilities which facilitate interaction and make it easy to exchange information and engage in discussion about controversial issues. This chapter presents a methodological framework to study how both allegiance and conflict are expressed and constructed in scientific controversies in science blogs. The study is based on the exploration of three controversies, related with global warming, the effects of vaccination and the role of women in science. A corpus of weblog comments to six posts which triggered off a dispute over these controversial issues was searched for indicators both of social behaviour and of rude or verbally offensive behaviour. The study shows how blog comments are used by participants to signal their allegiance to a particular group within the disciplinary community, their ideological commitments, and their rejection of opposing standpoints and competing claims.
Interactive Advertising
Authors: Mayes Patricia
Published: May 2013

Recent attempts to theorize identity using sociolinguistic, discourse analytic, and conversation analytic frameworks have focused on discursive constructions of speakers’ identities, especially emphasizing the point that identities are constructed moment by moment through social interaction. Although such frameworks arguably are designed with face-to-face, synchronous interaction in mind, it is well known that other types of discourse, traditionally thought of as distant, asynchronous, and solitary (or non-interactive), are being used in new ways, due to rapid developments in technology. These developments suggest that all language use is inherently interactive, if not interactional (i.e., synchronous). In this chapter, the author uses insights from social semiotics and frameworks grounded in the analysis of spoken interaction to analyze a commercial in conjunction with unelicited comments from people who viewed the commercial on YouTube. The author’s analysis focuses on the multimodal expression of meaning potentials as well as their uptake and the stances displayed in response.
Computer-Aided Deductive Critical Discourse Analysis of a Case Study from Mauritius with ATLAS-ti 6.2
Authors: Rambaree Komalsingh
Published: May 2013

This chapter considers computer-aided deductive critical discourse analysis with ATLAS-ti 6.2 using a case study on eco-social work research from Mauritius. Data for this case study were gathered in digital audio format from eight focus group discussions, three semi-structured interviews and various reports from secondary sources. For the analysis, a literature review using ATLAS-ti was first carried out, in order to develop a conceptual/theoretical framework related to eco-social work. Then, the gathered data were directly plugged into ATLAS-ti for a computer-aided deductive critical discourse analysis using the developed eco-social work conceptual/theoretical framework from the literature review. Using the case study as an example, this chapter (a) demonstrates the techniques, and (b) appraises the opportunities, limitations and challenges of computer-aided critical discourse analysis.
Textuality on the Web
Authors: Degano Chiara
Published: May 2013

This chapter focuses on computer mediated communication from a linguistic perspective, exploring aspects of textuality which have been impacted by the pervasive spread of the hypertext. Central features in the construction of texts are the notions of cohesion and coherence, originally tailored on linear time-based modes of communication, where both the elements and their sequentiality – fully controlled by the author – contribute to meaning making. In light of the disruption of linear sequentiality brought by the space-based logic of the hypertext, this chapter aims to understand how cohesion and coherence work in the website environment, with specific regard to genres characterised by an argumentative drive, which potentially suffer more than other text types from the loss of the author’s control on the linear dispositio of arguments. The analysis identifies different patterns for the construction of cohesion and coherence in argumentative websites, which accommodate traditional standards of textuality into the new environment.
Identity Theft Through the Web
Authors: Chen Thomas M.
Published: May 2013

Most people recognize there are risks to online privacy but may not be fully aware of the various ways that personal information about them can be stolen through the Web. People can be lured to malicious Web sites designed to deceive them into revealing their personal information or unknowingly download malicious software to their computer. Even worse, legitimate sites can be compromised to host attacks called drive-by downloads. This chapter describes the online risks to identity theft and the technological means for protecting individuals from losing their personal information while surfing the Web.
Deciphering the Hacker Underground
Authors: Bachmann Michael
Published: May 2013

The increasing dependence of modern societies, industries, and individuals on information technology and computer networks renders them ever more vulnerable to attacks on critical IT infrastructures. While the societal threat posed by malicious hackers and other types of cyber criminals has been growing significantly in the last decade, mainstream criminology has only recently begun to realize the significance of this threat. Cyber criminology is slowly emerging as a subfield of criminological study and has yet to overcome many of the problems other areas of criminological research have already mastered. Aside from substantial methodological and theoretical problems, cyber criminology currently also suffers from the scarcity of available data. As a result, scientific answers to crucial questions remain. Questions like: Who exactly are these network attackers? Why do they engage in malicious hacking activities? This chapter begins to fill this gap in the literature by examining survey data about malicious hackers, their involvement in hacking, their motivations to hack, and their hacking careers. The data for this study was collected during a large hacking convention in Washington, D.C, in February 2008. The study findings suggest that a significant motivational shift takes place over the trajectory of hackers’ careers, and that the creation of more effective countermeasures requires adjustments to our current understanding of who hackers are and why they hack.
Security, Trust, and Privacy on Mobile Devices and Multimedia Applications
Authors: Weippl Edgar R. , Riedl Bernhard
Published: May 2013

While security in general is increasingly well addressed, both mobile security and multimedia security are still areas of research undergoing major changes. Mobile security is characterized by small devices that, for instance, make it difficult to enter long passwords and that cannot perform complex cryptographic operations due to power constraints. Multimedia security has focused on watermarks and the creation of digital evidences; as we all know, there are yet no good solutions to prevent illegal copying of audio and video files. In this chapter we focus on addressing the attributes of security, trust, and privacy on mobile devices and multimedia applications.
A Policy-Based Security Framework for Privacy-Enhancing Data Access and Usage Control in Grids
Authors: Hommel Wolfgang
Published: May 2013

In this chapter, we first summarize an analysis of the differences between Grids and the previously dominant model of inter-organizational collaboration. Based on requirements derived thereof, we specify a security framework that demonstrates how well-established policy-based privacy management architectures can be extended to provide the required Grid-specific functionality. We also discuss the necessary steps for integration into existing service provider and service access point infrastructures. Special emphasis is put on privacy policies that can be configured by users themselves, and distinguishing between the initial data access phase and the later data usage control phase. We also discuss the challenges of practically applying the required changes to real-world infrastructures, including delegated administration, monitoring, and auditing.
A Methodology for UICC-Based Security Services in Pervasive Fixed Mobile Convergence Systems
Authors: Park Jaemin
Published: May 2013

This chapter presents the fundamental and security characteristics of UICC and current practices of UICC-based security services (e.g. banking, stock, network authentication, etc.) in pervasive FMC systems. Moreover, we propose a novel UICC-based service security framework (USF), which implements the essential security functionalities used for FMC services, to provide the integrated security infrastructure and secure FMC services. The USF can be utilized to authenticate users, preserve privacy, and protect network infrastructures and business models of telephony companies.
An Analysis of Privacy and Security in the Zachman and Federal Enterprise Architecture Frameworks
Authors: McCarthy Richard V.
Published: May 2013

Enterprise architecture has had a resurgence of interest in the IT community in the past ten year; in part because of a mandate for federal agencies of the United States government and in part because of the complexity of managing today’s information systems environments. It has become a critical component of an overall IT governance program to provide structure and documentation to describe the business processes, information flows, technical infrastructure and organizational management of an information technology organization. Many different enterprise architecture frameworks have emerged over the past ten years. Two of the most widely used enterprise architecture frameworks (the Zachman Framework and the Federal enterprise architecture framework) are described and their ability to meet the security and privacy needs of an organization is discussed. These frameworks represent a contrast of industry and government perspectives in addressing issues of key importance to senior IT leadership.
Biometric Security in the E-World
Authors: Sharma Kunal , Singh A.J.
Published: May 2013

The rising number of networked computers and the evolution of the WWW have witnessed the emergence of an E-World where the users are often referred to as e-people. In the new e-world, the evolution of WWW and Internet applications has become a focal point to the question of sustainable competitive advantage (Brennan & Johnson,2001).The increase in information access terminals along with the growing use of information sensitive applications such as e-commerce, e-learning, e-banking and e-healthcare have generated a real requirement of reliable, easy to use, and generally acceptable control methods for confidential and vital information. On the other hand, the necessity for privacy must be balanced with security requirements for the advantage of the general public. Current global events have shown the significance to provide the police, airport area, and other exposed area, new reliable component security tools such as biometrics. Access to systems that need security from unauthorized access is generally restricted by requesting the user to confirm her identity and to authenticate. Payment systems are undergoing radical changes stirred largely by technical advancement such as distributed network technology, real-time processing and online consumers’ inclination to use e-banking interfaces making the study of biometrics even more important in this new E-World.
Efficient and Reliable Pseudonymous Authentication
Authors: Calandriello Giorgio , Lioy Antonio
Published: May 2013

Privacy, security, and reliability are key requirements in deploying vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). Without those the VANET technology won’t be suitable for market diffusion. In this chapter, the authors are concerned with how to fulfill these requirements by using pseudonym-based authentication, designing security schemes that don’t endanger transport safety while maintaining low overhead. At the same time our design improves the system usability by allowing nodes to self-generate their own pseudonyms.
A Comparison of Cyber-Crime Definitions in India and the United States
Authors: Maheshwari Himanshu , Hyman H.S. , Agrawal Manish
Published: May 2013

Unlike traditional crimes, it is difficult to define legal jurisdiction and authority for prosecuting cyber crimes. This issue is further complicated by differences in definitions of cyber crime in different countries. This chapter motivates the issue with an example of the ILOVEYOU virus and compares the legal provisions to combat cyber-crime in the US and India. The authors find that there are significant differences between India and the US in definitions of cybercrimes. It appears that in the United States, it is a crime to access information that has been declared to be confidential. In India, criminality requires dissemination of the information obtained without authorization. Another notable difference between the prosecutions of cybercrimes in the two countries relates to obscenity and decency laws.
Cross Cultural Perceptions on Privacy in the United States, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Taiwan
Authors: Chiou Andy , Chen Jeng-Chung Victor , Bisset Craig
Published: May 2013

In this chapter, the authors will briefly discuss some cross cultural concerns regarding Internet privacy. The authors believe that due to the cross cultural nature of the Internet itself, different cultures will tend to result in different concerns regarding Internet privacy. As such, there is no single system of protecting Internet privacy that may be suitable for all cultures. The authors also utilize focus groups from various countries spanning Asia and the United States to discover the differences between cultures. Hopefully an understanding of such differences will aid in future research on Internet privacy to take a more culture sensitive approach.
Telecommunications Interception in Turkey
Authors: Köse Melike Akkaraca
Published: May 2013

The paper discusses telecommunication interceptions in Turkey as a state surveilling itself as well as its citizens. While surveillance of state officials including the judiciary indicates a perception of threat from inside the state, these perceptions overlap with the ‘deep state’ phenomenon in Turkey. Despite the 2005 legal reforms which introduce strict legal standards for communications surveillance, current political developments reveal that wiretapping remains as a commonly used micro-power application. The paper, by utilizing Foucault’s theory, aims to uncover the ‘conditions of possibility’ for the use of this disciplinary technique in Turkey with a certain focus on the actual power relations and discourses of truth.
Female and Male Hacker Conferences Attendees
Authors: Schell Bernadette H. , Melnychuk June
Published: May 2013

To date, studies on those in the Computer Underground have tended to focus not on aspects of hackers’ life experiences but on the skills needed to hack, the differences and similarities between insider and outsider crackers, and the differences in motivation for hacking. Little is known about the personality traits of the White Hat hackers, as compared to the Black Hat hackers. This chapter focuses on hacker conference attendees’ self-reported Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) predispositions. It also focuses on their self-reports about whether they believe their somewhat odd thinking and behaving patterns—at least as others in the mainstream society view them—help them to be successful in their chosen field of endeavor.
Social/Ethical Issues in Predictive Insider Threat Monitoring
Authors: Greitzer Frank L. , Frincke Deborah , Zabriskie Mariah
Published: May 2013

Combining traditionally monitored cybersecurity data with other kinds of organizational data is one option for inferring the motivations of individuals, which may in turn allow early prediction and mitigation of insider threats. While unproven, some researchers believe that this combination of data may yield better results than either cybersecurity or organizational data would in isolation. However, this nontraditional approach yields inevitable conflicts between security interests of the organization and privacy interests of individuals. There are many facets to debate. Should warning signs of a potential malicious insider be addressed before a malicious event has occurred to prevent harm to the organization and discourage the insider from violating the organization’s rules? Would intervention violate employee trust or legal guidelines? What about the possibilities of misuse? Predictive approaches cannot be validated a priori; false accusations may harm the career of the accused; and collection/monitoring of certain types of data may adversely affect employee morale. In this chapter, we explore some of the social and ethical issues stemming from predictive insider threat monitoring and discuss ways that a predictive modeling approach brings to the forefront social and ethical issues that should be considered and resolved by stakeholders and communities of interest.
An Analysis of Online Privacy Policies of Fortune 100 Companies
Authors: Li Suhong , Zhang Chen
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the current status of online privacy policies of Fortune 100 Companies. It was found that 94% of the surveyed companies have posted an online privacy policy and 82% of them collect personal information from consumers. The majority of the companies only partially follow the four principles (notice, choice, access, and security) of fair information practices. For example, most of the organizations give consumers some notice and choice in term of the collection and use of their personal information. However, organizations fall short in security requirements. Only 19% of organizations mention that they have taken steps to provide security for information both during transmission and after their sites have received the information. The results also reveal that a few organizations have obtained third-party privacy seals including TRUSTe, BBBOnline Privacy, and Safe Harbor.
A Global Perspective of Laws and Regulations Dealing with Information Security and Privacy
Authors: Medlin B. Dawn , Chen Charlie C.
Published: May 2013

The price of privacy intrusion and security breaches is often due to the ubiquitous connectivity of networks. National entities as well as other governing bodies have passed laws and regulations to assist individuals in their quest to protect their information as it is being transmitted as well as received over these networks. An international perspective of information privacy and security laws and regulations can provide an insightful view concerning how each country differs as well as the important drivers for these differences. Policy makers can learn from the comparisons made in relation to similarity and/or differences of privacy and security laws as well. In this paper, we have selected different countries and regions around the world due to the growth of security and privacy threats that has grown over the past 10 years as well as their legislative practices.
Preventative Actions for Enhancing Online Protection and Privacy
Authors: Furnell Steven , von Solms Rossouw , Phippen Andy
Published: May 2013

Many citizens rely upon online services, and it is certain that this reliance will increase in the future. However, they frequently lack a solid appreciation of the related safety and security issues, and can be missing out on an essential aspect of awareness in everyday life. Indeed, users are often concerned about online threats, but it would be stretching the point to claim that they are fully aware of the problems. Thus, rather than actually protecting themselves, many will simply accept that they are taking a risk. This paper examines the problem of establishing end-user eSafety awareness, and proposes means by which related issues can be investigated and addressed. Recognising that long-term attitudes and practices will be shaped by early experiences with the technology, it is particularly important to address the issue early and improve awareness amongst young people. However, the problem is unlikely to be addressed via the approaches that would traditionally be applied with adult users. As such, the paper examines information gathering and awareness-raising strategies drawing from qualitative methodologies in the social sciences, whose pluralistic approach can be effectively applied within school contexts.
The Sense of Security and Trust
Authors: Murayama Yuko , Hauser Carl , Hikage Natsuko , Chakraborty Basabi
Published: May 2013

The sense of security, identified with the Japanese term, Anshin, is identified as an important contributor to emotional trust. This viewpoint suggests that designers should consider the subjective sense of security as well as objective security measures in designing systems and their user interfaces. A survey of users reveals both the personal and the environmental factors contributing to the users’ sense of security when using the Internet. A more encompassing view of Anshin as including safety, reliability, and other non-functional properties of systems may provide additional insights for system design.
The General Theory of Crime and Computer Hacking
Authors: Bossler Adam M. , Burruss George W.
Published: May 2013

Though in recent years, a number of studies have been completed on hackers’ personality and communication traits by experts in the fields of psychology and criminology, a number of questions regarding this population remain. Does Gottfredson and Hirschi’s concept of low self-control predict the unauthorized access of computer systems? Do computer hackers have low levels of self-control, as has been found for other criminals in mainstream society? If low self-control can predict the commission of computer hacking, this finding would seem to support the generality argument of self-control theory and imply that computer hacking and other forms of cybercrime are substantively similar to terrestrial crime. This chapter focuses on the results of a study where we examined whether Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime is applicable to computer hacking in a college sample.
What about the Balance between Law Enforcement and Data Protection?
Authors: Portela Irene Maria , Cruz-Cunha Maria Manuela
Published: May 2013

The Data Retention Directive (2006/24/EC) provides the obligation for providers of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks to retain traffic and location data for six months up to two years for the purpose of the investigation, detection and prosecution of serious crime. In the regulatory framework imposed by this Directive, the Portuguese Law no. 32/2008, of 17 July, requires that providers of publicly available electronic communication services or of public communications networks retain specific communication data, so that such data can be accessed by competent authorities, exclusively for the purpose of investigation, detection and prosecution of serious crime. Retained (via digital storage) metadata of telecommunications acts change and transform into the content of something else: a surveillance program. The concept of a data space that provides movement within and between data described here illustrates the powers of data retention in an imaginable way. Considering potential uses and misuses of retained data such as traffic analysis, social network analysis and data mining, this chapter examines the degree of interference with the right to privacy posed by the data retention laws.
A Taxonomic View of Consumer Online Privacy Legal Issues, Legislation, and Litigation
Authors: Secor Angelena M. , Tarn J. Michael
Published: May 2013

In this chapter, consumer online privacy legal issues are identified and discussed. Followed by the literature review in consumer online privacy legislation and litigation, a relational model is presented to explore the relationship of the issues, legal protections, and the remedies and risks for not complying with the legal requirements. Two survey studies are used to reinforce the vital need for a stronger role by the government and business community as well as the privacy awareness from online consumers themselves. This chapter is concluded with a vital call for consumer privacy education and awareness and government and legislators’ attention and timely responses with legislation that protects consumers against those who would misuse the technology.
Advances in Security and Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kar Dulal C. , Ngo Hung L. , Mulkey Clifton J. , Sanapala Geetha
Published: May 2013

It is challenging to secure a wireless sensor network (WSN) because its inexpensive, tiny sensor nodes do not have the necessary processing capability, memory capacity, and battery life to take advantage of the existing security solutions for traditional networks. Existing security solutions for wireless sensor networks are mostly based on symmetric key cryptography with the assumption that sensor nodes are embedded with secret, temporary startup keys before deployment thus avoiding any use of computationally demanding public key algorithms altogether. However, symmetric key cryptography alone cannot satisfactorily provide all security needs for wireless sensor networks. It is still problematic to replenish an operational wireless sensor network with new sensor nodes securely. Current research on public key cryptography for WSNs shows some promising results, particularly in the use of elliptic curve cryptography and identity based encryption for WSNs. Although security is essential for WSNs, it can complicate some crucial operations of a WSN like data aggregation or in-network data processing that can be affected by a particular security protocol. Accordingly, in this chapter, the authors summarize, discuss, and evaluate recent symmetric key based results reported in literature on sensor network security protocols such as for key establishment, random key pre-distribution, data confidentiality, data integrity, and broadcast authentication as well as expose limitations and issues related to those solutions for WSNs. The authors also present significant advancement in public key cryptography for WSNs with promising results from elliptic curve cryptography and identity based encryption as well as their limitations for WSNs. In addition,they also discuss recently identified threats and their corresponding countermeasures in WSNs.
Cryptography-Based Authentication for Protecting Cyber Systems
Authors: Wang Xunhua , Lin Hua
Published: May 2013

Entity authentication is a fundamental building block for system security and has been widely used to protect cyber systems. Nonetheless, the role of cryptography in entity authentication is not very clear, although cryptography is known for providing confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. This chapter studies the roles of cryptography in three entity authentication categories: knowledge-based authentication, token-based authentication, and biometric authentication. For these three authentication categories, we discuss (1) the roles of cryptography in the generation of password verification data, in password-based challenge/response authentication protocol, and in password-authenticated key exchange protocols; (2) the roles of cryptography in both symmetric key-based and private key-based token authentications; (3) cryptographic fuzzy extractors, which can be used to enhance the security and privacy of biometric authentication. This systematic study of the roles of cryptography in entity authentication will deepen our understanding of both cryptography and entity authentication and can help us better protect cyber systems.
Knowledge management according to organisational size: A South African perspective
Authors: Kruger Cornelius , Johnson Roy D.
Published: May 2013

Background:To date, few studies have focused on how embedded Knowledge Management (KM) is found in the roots of an organisation. Specifically, not much is known whether employees and managers hold similar perceptions regarding KM or if organisational size plays a role in the establishment of KM maturity.Objective: The objective of this article was to determine what role organisational size plays in the establishment of KM maturity and how different managerial levels viewed their organisations KM maturity.Method: The authors gained insight into KM maturity in different industry groupings over a five-year period from a large urban South African University engaged in numerous collaboration programmes with industry. In total, 434 employees were interviewed over three grouping levels (operational, middle and senior management).Results: The findings support arguments that irrespective of organisational size, knowledge orientated issues are applicable to all organisations. However, with significant differences in scores recorded over all maturity sections in South Africa, the findings indicated that different sized organisations address knowledge-orientated issues differently.Conclusion: Findings challenge the argument that the manner in which knowledge-orientated issues are addressed differ only slightly depending on organisational size. Smaller-sized organisations prefer a more personal approach, whilst larger-sized organisations prefer knowledge transfer via technology. Irrespective of organisational size, commitment holds the key to KM success. Commitment shown by middle management regarding KM is a differentiator.