bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INDEPENDENT OBSERVATIONS OF PHAEOMELANIC MALES OF THE VARIABLE SEEDEATER (SPOROPHILA CORVINA) WITH COMMENTS ABOUT ITS POTENTIAL FOR EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE
Authors: Ocampo Diego , Quesada Alejandro , Oconitrillo César , Lobo Rodney , Uy J. Albert C.
Published: February 2023

Plumage coloration largely depends on the type and concentration of pigments present in feathers. Therefore, changes in pigment deposition may result in aberrant colorations, which, in turn, will likely interfere with the plumage color’s function (e.g., signaling, protection). Published records of aberrant plumage colors underestimate the type and frequency of these phenotypes, especially in the tropics. Here, we report five independent observations of phaeomelanic males of the Variable Seedeater (Sporophila corvina), in which typically white feathers were instead chestnut-red, likely due to the deposition of phaeomelanin. Our observations add to previous reports of aberrant melanin-based coloration in this species, suggesting that genomic region(s) influencing the expression of phaeomelanin are a biased target for mutations. Because mutations affecting the regulation of melanin deposition result in novel plumage phenotypes, we discuss aberrant phenotypes as an important source of variation fueling rapid divergence among populations of this avian clade.
NIDIFICACIÓN DENTRO DE CAVIDADES INÉDITA ENTRE FALCÓNIDOS: UNA POBLACIÓN DE CHIMANGOS (MILVAGO CHIMANGO) APROVECHANDO NIDOS DE LOROS BARRANQUEROS (CYANOLISEUES PATAGONUS) EN PATAGONIA ARGENTINA
Authors: De Lucca Eduardo Raul , Winter Marina , Soricetti Mariano , Failla Mauricio
Published: February 2023

Abstract.  Unprecedented cavity nesting among falconids: a Chimango Caracaras (Milvago chimango) population using Borruwing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus) nests in Patagonia Argentina. The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) is the most abundant member of raptor assemblages from Paraguay and Bolivia to the southern tip of Argentina. In Argentinian Patagonia we studied nesting and other biological aspects of a Chimango Caracaras population that exploits cavities built by marine psittacines, in a unique ornithological assemblage: 12 km of sea cliffs with 37,000 active nests of Burrowing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus). During 56 days we assessed a total of 18 active Chimango Caracaras nests (11 in 2014 and 7 in 2015). All nests contained plant material inside and had some structure to facilitate landing and perching. Most were located in the upper third of the cliff and had a single entrance mouth. The average distance to the nearest nest in the same breeding season was 108.9 m ± SD 90.90 m. We document in detail for the first time the construction of Chimango Caracaras nests inside cavities. Our results document a new breeding substrate for this species and a nesting behaviour unique among falconids, which could be interpreted as evidence of adaptability and plasticity of Chimango Caracaras.
PREDATION OF ATLANTIC GHOST CRABS OCYPODE QUADRATA (DECAPODA: OCYPODIDAE) BY WHITE-NECKED HAWK AMADONASTUR LACERNULATUS (ACCIPITRIFORMES: ACCIPITRIDAE) IN UBATUBA, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL
Authors: Botelho Lucas Machado
Published: February 2023

Amadonastur lacernulatus é uma ave de rapina incomum com hábitos florestais e dieta oportunista, embora pouco se saiba sobre sua presa preferida. Aqui apresentamos novas informações sobre seus hábitos alimentares: observamos um falcão-de-pescoço-branco ( Amadonastur lacernulatus ) se alimentando de caranguejos-fantasmas do Atlântico ( Ocypode quadrata ) na areia de uma praia freqüentada por humanos. A presença do gavião em local antropizado pode estar diretamente ligada à disponibilidade de presas, o que é mais uma prova da dieta oportunista da espécie e também mostra que ela pode frequentar ambientes não florestados.
CYMINDIS WILSONII CASSIN, 1847 (= CUBAN KITE CHONDROHIERAX WILSONII): ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION, TYPES, COLLECTOR, AND TYPE LOCALITY
Authors: Kirwan Guy , Kirkconnell Arturo
Published: February 2023

Cuban Kite Chondrohierax wilsonii has usually been considered a species-level taxon endemic to Cuba, where it is now confined to the extreme east and is exceptionally rare. It was described by John Cassin, whose text was repeated basically verbatim in two different periodicals in 1847. The later of the two to appear has been frequently but erroneously cited as the original description. Equally, the type locality has been reported with varying levels of vagueness, but the collector of the specimens, Richard Cowling Taylor, mentioned a rather precise locality. A report on the latter’s geological work reveals they were collected in 1836. Cassin and later Wilmer Stone, the first person to revise type material held at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, confused the sexes of this kite, so that the female specimen must be considered the lectotype, although Stone apparently wished to nominate the male as the “type”.
An Analysis of Students’ Problems in Translating Report Text from English into Indonesian
Authors: Rosyana Nany , Baihaqi Yasmika , Harum Prasasti Ian
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the translation problem and find the dominant issues in translating the report text from English to Indonesian faced by the second-grade beauty students of SMKN 3 Metro in the 2021/2022 academic year. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach. Researchers obtained data from students' translation tests. To collect data, the researcher needed several steps; the researcher gave the students a report text translation test, collected data on students' translation problems, and analyzed the students' issues in translating the report text from English into Indonesian. Then the researchers drew conclusions based on data analysis. The results of the data analysis showed that the most frequent problem made by students was vocabulary. The highest number of student problems is vocabulary (53%). Student problem number two is incomplete sentences in the target language text (24.47%). The third problem is that messages from the source language are not transmitted into the target language (11.88%). The fourth is an addition (6.29%), and the last is grammar (3.49%). Students face several problems translating English-Indonesian, such as vocabulary, incomplete sentences in the target language text, not sending messages from the source language into the target language, addition, and grammar. The most dominant problem in translating the report text from English to Indonesian the second-class beauty.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Interest in The Use of an Intrauterine Device at Public Health Centers
Authors: Yusrotul Khasanah Yosi , Puspasari Heny , Yulia Ria Din Agi , Putri Lestari Pinky
Published: February 2023

The family planning program aims to achieve prosperity by providing marriage advice, infertility treatment, and birth spacing. Contraception is generally divided into two types: Long Term Contraceptive Methods (MKJP) and Non-Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (Non-MKJP). This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the interest in using the IUD (Intra Uterine Device) in public health centers filled with Indramayu. This study uses quantitative methods. The population in this study were all family planning acceptors at the Terisi Indramayu Public Health Center. The sample in this study was all family planning acceptors who did not use IUD KB. Data analysis used bivariate and multivariate analysis with Chi-Square or Chi-Square tests. The trust factor with a sample of acceptors who have positive beliefs, as many as 27 people (20%), acceptors who have negative beliefs, as many as 108 (80%). Cultural factors with a sample of acceptors who have a positive culture, as many as 63 people (46.6%), acceptors who have a negative culture, as many as 72 people (53.4%). Factors experienced by other people with a sample of acceptors who have a positive culture of as many as 42 people (31.1%) and acceptors who have a negative culture of as many as 93 people (68.9%). Factors of belief, Culture, and other people's experiences simultaneously influence the choice of KB IUD (Intra Uterine Device) 95.7%, while the other 4.3% are influenced by other factors not examined by the researcher.
The Effect of Recruitment and Job Placement on Employee Performance at PERUMDAM Tirta Darma Ayu
Authors: Haryati Sefi
Published: February 2023

Employee performance is very important for the company because it will affect the achievement of company targets. There are several factors to improve employee performance, including recruitment and job placement. This study aims to determine the effect of recruitment and job placement partially or simultaneously on the performance of PERUMDAM Tirta Darma Ayu employees, Indramayu Regency. This type of research uses quantitative. The population in this study were 114 employees, so the determination of the sample in this study used probability sampling with the slovin technique so that a sample of 55 respondents was obtained. Methods in data collection using a questionnaire, while the analysis technique used to use hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between recruitment on employee performance seen from tcount > ttable, namely 2.113 > 2.00575, work placement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance seen from tcount > ttable, namely 7.831 > 2.00575. Simultaneously the variables of recruitment and job placement have a positive and significant effect on employee performance seen from Fcount > Ftable, namely 59.787 > 3. 18.
The History of PGRI's Struggle to Achieve the Educational Goals of the Indonesian Nation
Authors: Yuli Susanto Rika , Rafidin Zukhrufur , Ghozali Ahmad , Rahayu Puji
Published: February 2023

Introduction: As prospective educators or teachers, of course, we need to know the history of the struggle of teachers to achieve the goals of Indonesian National Education. Law no. 14 of 2005 concerning teachers and lecturers in article 1, paragraph 1, that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assessing, and evaluating students. Teachers are needed as professional educational staff who are indispensable in achieving the goals of the Indonesian nation, namely educating the nation's life and developing the whole person based on the preamble of the 1945 Constitution. The purpose of this research is to find out the history of the struggle of PGRI to achieve the goals of Indonesian education. Method: The method used in this research is historical, through a literature review in the form of books and journals. Result: To achieve the educational goals of the Indonesian nation, teachers have an organization as a gathering place for teachers or academic staff to work together, namely PGRI. PGRI was formed from an indigenous teacher struggle organization during the Dutch era, founded in 1912, called the Dutch East Indies Teachers Association (PGHB). One hundred days after the reading of the proclamation of Indonesia, namely on 24-25 November 1945 in Surakarta, an Indonesian Teachers' Congress was held, which became the forerunner of the Indonesian Teachers' Association (PGRI). Conclusion: PGRI always seeks to obtain, maintain, strengthen, and defend the rights of individuals, community members, citizens, and educators. The formation of PGRI is the result of the hard work of Indonesian teachers.
Legal Interpretation of the Constitutional Court on the Deadline Provisions for Imposing Pretrial Decisions Based on Decision Number 66/PUU-XVI/2018
Authors: Liliyana Dina , Setyadi Yusuf
Published: February 2023

Introduction: This research contains a formulation of the problem, namely how the judge's legal interpretation of the deadline for imposing pretrial decisions is based on the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 66/PUU-XVI/2018. This research also aims to: analyze the interpretation of the law by judges regarding the deadline for imposing pretrial decisions based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 66/PUU-XVI/2018. Method: The research method used is normative legal research, with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, which are analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. Result: This study also concluded that the judge's interpretation of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 66/PUU-XVI/2018 contains 2 (two) substances, namely the value of legal certainty, and is based on the principle of a simple, fast, and low-cost trial. Conclusion: The Constitutional Court Decision Number 66/PUU-XVI/2018 rejected the Petitioner's request to examine the constitutionality of Article 82, paragraph (1) letters c and d of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Robust Testing for Bollinger Band, Moving Average and Relative Strength Index
Authors: Lutey Matthew
Published: February 2023

We test whether the moving average  indicator is profitable in trend following and compare the result with common momentum indicators such as Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Bollinger Band (BB). Our sample runs from January 1, 1963, through December 31. 2019. We test whether the signals generated are profitable and compare their success in timing the portfolios based on the previous year's volatility using the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) data. We note the portfolios sorted by volatility to be trend following and use common entry points for timing them. We find all indicators to be more profitable than the Buy and Hold (BH). The moving average (MA) has the strongest return, while BB and RSI show positive return they do worse than the MA. The results hold across all portfolio deciles sorted by both size and volatility. The indicators for RSI and BB are robust to other specifications for entry and parameters. We also show price level analysis for both RSI and BB as well as a trailing three year analysis for the volatility deciles and moving average.
Impact of Chinese Capital Outflows on Bitcoin vs. Yuan Relationships: A Multi-Period Analysis
Authors: Williams Michael , Kochan Mucahit , Green David
Published: February 2023

We examine the relationships among Bitcoin (BTC), the Chinese Yuan (CNY), and Chinese capital outflows between 2014-2021. We find that BTC returns strongly comove with CNY returns after 2018Q1, while no significant BTC/CNY relationship exists before 2018Q1. Further, the strength of the BTC/CNY relationship increases throughout 2018 to the present date. Yet, this relationship strength cannot be explained by periods of ascending BTC prices, changes in crypto mining location, nor changes in the use of BTC "mining pools". Instead, we find that the strength of the BTC/CNY relationship is strongly and directly related to Chinese capital outflows. We find no similar relationship with a "bogey" currency, the Euro, implying that the capital outflows -to- BTC/CNY relationship is unique to China and its capital outflow environment. In total, our novel results suggest that BTC is used as part of a process to move economically significant amounts of capital from mainland China.
Danish OA journals and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) ENGLISH version
Authors: Stegger Gemzøe Anna , Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra , Sandal Johnsen Solveig , Boserup Thestrup Jesper , Rosenkrantz Hansen Claus , Rindom Riise Rasmus , Iversen Rie Karen Marie
Published: February 2023

Dele af rapporten er på engelsk. Rapporten beskriver et projekt, der skulle få flere danske tidsskrifter optaget i DOAJ. Projektet blev initieret i efteråret 2020 og påbegyndt januar 2021. Baggrunden har været at styrke kommunikation, samarbejde og videndeling på tværs af universitetsbiblioteker inden for Det Kgl. Bibliotek, men også at samarbejde nationalt med andre universitetsbiblioteker, der arbejder med OJS servere (Aalborg Universitetsbibliotek og Copenhagen Business School). Initiativet er igangsat for at øge kvalitet og synlighed af Det Kgl. Biblioteks Open Science services samt styrke OA-tidsskrifterne i forhold til synlighed og trafik.
Dette er en forkortet udgave af den danske version. Yderligere oplysninger om projektet kan fås ved henvendelse til den primære kontaktperson.
Developing a Centralized Hub for Research Data Services: Trainings and Resources in Health Sciences Contexts
Authors: Ossom Williamson Peace
Published: February 2023

Objectives: In 2021, a new national center was funded by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to build capacity for providing data services within health sciences libraries by coordinating, developing, and disseminating trainings, curricular resources, and curated pathways for learning. Research data services has been a growing service component for health sciences libraries for over a decade, and efforts have come from individuals, professional societies, task forces, and interest groups; however, there is still a great deal of unrealized potential in this area as well as growing needs driven by new requirements from funders and publishers, and increasing demand from institutions for data science skills and support for data-related research needs.Methods: The National Center for Data Services (NCDS) was established in July 2021 and is the newest of the Network of the National Library of Medicine (NNLM)’s national offices and centers. NCDS works with the NNLM’s seven regional medical libraries and national offices and centers, and draws upon extensive connections with national data and library organizations, all toward the aim of developing capacity for data services in the health information community while centering efforts toward equity, diversity, and accessibility throughout.
L’intervention de proximité
Authors: Doré Chantal , Lévesque Nancy , Hyppolite Shelley-Rose , Maillet Lara , Bourque Denis , Maltais Danielle , Goudet Anna , Joseph Jean-Alex , Morin Paul , Michaud Maxime
Published: February 2023

L’objectif de l’article est de montrer la nécessité de la reconnaissance de l’intervention de proximité comme pratique professionnelle par une reddition de comptes qui rend visible sa contribution dans la réduction des inégalités de santé et le renforcement du lien social et communautaire sur un territoire donné. À partir d’un devis d’étude de cas multiples qualitatif et participatif de quatre terrains de recherche au Québec, nous proposerons des dimensions qui considèrent l’articulation du « sens » et de la « mesure » pour une reddition de comptes innovante, intégrée et partenariale.
La proximité épistémique comme concept clé pour penser la notion d’allié.e dans les recherches en travail social auprès des groupes marginalisés
Authors: Gauthier Marie-Claire , Baril Alexandre
Published: February 2023

Malgré de bonnes intentions, certain.e.s chercheur.euse.s reproduisent des oppressions envers les groupes marginalisés dans leurs recherches. Cet article s’intéresse spécifiquement au développement de pratiques d’allié.e dans les recherches en travail social afin d’éviter la reconduction d’oppressions. Mobilisant les théories des injustices épistémiques comme cadre théorique, cet article suggère de fonder les pratiques d’allié.e sur le concept de proximité épistémique. Après une recension critique des écrits sur les concepts d’allié.e et de proximité, cet article offre une redéfinition du concept de proximité épistémique, développé en géographie et en économie, à la lumière des théories des injustices épistémiques. Il propose enfin quelques recommandations pour des pratiques d’allié.e.
Un espace-temps singulier
Authors: Labrunie Mathilde
Published: February 2023

Cet article met en lumière et analyse les représentations et les modalités des pratiques de proximité rencontrées entre professionnelles de l’action sociale et personnes travailleuses du sexe (TDS) dans le cadre d’un projet financé par le ministère de la Santé français. Le projet ethnographié s’inscrit dans un programme national s’appuyant sur 28 projets expérimentant diverses mises en application de l’accompagnement à la santé dans la perspective de créer un dispositif national pérenne. Ce travail multisitué fait dialoguer trois configurations spécifiques mettant en valeur les singularités d’actions présentes dans les lieux de mobilisation (LM) de trois villes du sud-ouest de la France. Les données recueillies sont le fruit de 10 mois de terrain jalonnés de temps d’observations exploratoires puis participantes, ayant abouti à la réalisation de 45 entretiens. Il s’agit ici, d’une part, de montrer comment les professionnelles de l’intervention ont pensé, construit et établi la relation avec les personnes accompagnées et, d’autre part, de renseigner comment les personnes accompagnées envisagent cette proximité au coeur du travail des professionnelles de l’association, s’en approprient les savoir-être, les savoir-faire implicites et s’y engagent.
The Right to an Interpreter in Hungarian Administrative Law: The Legal and Sociological Context of Regulatory Reform
Authors: Láncos Petra Lea , Hajas Barnabás
Published: February 2023

This paper describes the background of the evolution of the new language-use rules introduced by the 2016 Hungarian Code of General Administrative Procedure. The right of non-speakers of the language of the procedure to involve an interpreter stems from the constitutional, ECHR, and
EU law right to fair administrative procedure and effective participation in procedures for the enforcement of fundamental rights. Giving effect to these language-use rights in Hungary, however, has been fraught with regulatory flaws, interpretative misconceptions, but also a pervasive lack
of qualified or ad hoc interpreters, with parties evading regulatory procedures invoking their perceived right to an interpreter. The new rules governing language-use clarify the concept of an interpreter and represent a move towards ensuring the deformalization of linguistic mediation and
case handling, relying on the linguistic proficiency of public authorities' staff, guaranteeing effective participation to parties in a cost-effective way.
SENSITISATION AND AWARENESS FOR AYURVEDA AMONG SCHOOL STUDENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Sabharwal Pooja , Kaur Jasmeen , Sharma Kanu , Singh Ishant , Sagar Himani , . Geetanjali
Published: February 2023

Ayurveda is not simply a medical science but a life science, which has majorly described various fundamental principles that help Ayurveda education and research in India that can be further reinforced with innovative and creative motivations. Strategies and futuristic plans are considered essential to be implemented with active initiation by concerned Government bodies for creating awareness among the faculties, students and upcoming scholars of Ayurveda. Children are more susceptible to many diseases due to their transitional immune system. Good health is associated with reduced dropout and massive education performance and productivity. Children are sensitive to the diseases like malnutrition, infectious diseases, intestinal parasites, skin diseases, eye and ear, and dental caries. Ayurveda describes Dinacharya, Rutucharya, Matravat Ahara, Kala Bhojana, Sadvritta etc. and a copious number of the preparation for the prevention and management of these diseases, which helps in better development of children for tomorrow. Incorporating the principles of Ayurveda in school health, one can reduce the prevalence of health risk behaviours and promote healthy behaviours among children, ultimately leading to a positive effect on health and helping build a vibrant future for the nation with healthy and skilled citizens.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF BHAGOTTAR GUTIKA AND SHWASAKUTHAR RASA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TAMAKA SHWASA (BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)
Authors: Mishra Meenu , Shivhare Shwetal
Published: February 2023

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. WHO estimates that 15 to 20 million people have bronchial asthma in India. In Ayurveda, bronchial asthma is considered Tamaka Shwasa by its symptomatology. Management of bronchial asthma includes using bronchodilators, corticosteroids and other drugs, which have side effects. So, a clinical study was done as per GINA guidelines and CCRAS protocol using herbo-mineral formulations under permission granted by the ethical committee to find out a better remedy as per the Ayurvedic approach. For this comparative study, 37 (Group A- 20 and Group B-17) clinically diagnosed Tamaka Shwasa (bronchial asthma) patients were selected. Group A and Group B patients were given Bhagottar Gutika and Shwasakuthar Rasa, respectively. The duration of the study for each group was 30 days. The overall effect of Bhagottar Gutika (Group A) showed that three patients were markedly improved, 11 patients moderately improved, and six mildly improved. Similarly, Group B (Shwasakuthar Rasa) suggested that one patient improved significantly, 8 and 5 patients moderately and mildly improved, respectively, while three patients showed no improvement. Bhagottar Gutika (Group A) yielded more symptomatic relief and progress in the value of FEV1 and FVC in patients compared to Shwasakuthar Rasa (Group B). At the end of this study, it can be concluded that Bhagottar Gutika (Group A) was found to be more effective than Shwasakuthar Rasa in the management of Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma).
Ocular Evaluation in Cerebral Palsy Patients at Children’s and Eye Hospitals at the University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Musiwa Manyando , I. M. Muma Kangwa , M. Mutoloki Elijah
Published: February 2023

Background: Cerebral palsy is a group of non-progressive disorders of movement or posture. Visual handicap in Cerebral Palsy patients can have a direct impact on psychosocial status. Refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia and cortical visual impairment are observed in 50 to 90 % of patients with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To evaluate for visual impairment in CP patients at Children’s Hospital at UTHs.

Methods: A cross section study was performed on 100 Cerebral palsy patients attending the neurological clinic at the University Teaching Hospitals-Children’s Hospital from February to April 2021. The patients were sampled systematically from the register at neurology clinic and ophthalmological examination was conducted at Eye hospital which included measurement of visual acuity, ocular motility, refraction along with the evaluation of the anterior and posterior segments.

Results: Fourty nine percent (49%) of the patients seen had ocular abnormalities of which the most common abnormality was refractive error (32.5%) followed by strabismus (21.5%). Esodeviation was more commonly found than exodeviation (65.0% vs 35.0%), and hyperopia was slightly more prevalent than myopia. Astigmatism was the most common refractive error at 40.0%.

Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy at the University Teaching Hospitals-Children’s Hospital have a high prevalence of strabismus and refractive errors. Esotropia and hyperopia are the most common ocular abnormalities. All children with cerebral palsy may require a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation.
Neurologic Dysfunction Assessment in Parkinson Disease Based on Fundus Photographs Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ahn Sangil , Shin Jitae , Song Su Jeong , Yoon Won Tae , Sagong Min , Jeong Areum , Kim Joon Hyung , Yu Hyeong Gon
Published: February 2023

Importance

Until now, other than complex neurologic tests, there have been no readily accessible and reliable indicators of neurologic dysfunction among patients with Parkinson disease (PD). This study was conducted to determine the role of fundus photography as a noninvasive and readily available tool for assessing neurologic dysfunction among patients with PD using deep learning methods.

Objective

To develop an algorithm that can predict Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) score using fundus photography among patients with PD.

Design, Settings, and Participants

This was a prospective decision analytical model conducted at a single tertiary-care hospital. The fundus photographs of participants with PD and participants with non-PD atypical motor abnormalities who visited the neurology department of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from October 7, 2020, to April 30, 2021, were analyzed in this study. A convolutional neural network was developed to predict both the H-Y scale and UPDRS-III score based on fundus photography findings and participants’ demographic characteristics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for sensitivity and specificity analyses for both the internal and external validation data sets.

Results

A total of 615 participants were included in the study: 266 had PD (43.3%; mean [SD] age, 70.8 [8.3] years; 134 male individuals [50.4%]), and 349 had non-PD atypical motor abnormalities (56.7%; mean [SD] age, 70.7 [7.9] years; 236 female individuals [67.6%]). For the internal validation data set, the sensitivity was 83.23% (95% CI, 82.07%-84.38%) and 82.61% (95% CI, 81.38%-83.83%) for the H-Y scale and UPDRS-III score, respectively. The specificity was 66.81% (95% CI, 64.97%-68.65%) and 65.75% (95% CI, 62.56%-68.94%) for the H-Y scale and UPDRS-III score, respectively. For the external validation data set, the sensitivity and specificity were 70.73% (95% CI, 66.30%-75.16%) and 66.66% (95% CI, 50.76%-82.25%), respectively. Lastly, the calculated AUROC and accuracy were 0.67 (95% CI, 0.55-0.79) and 70.45% (95% CI, 66.85%-74.04%), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

This decision analytical model reveals amalgamative insights into the neurologic dysfunction among PD patients by providing information on how to apply a deep learning method to evaluate the association between the retina and brain. Study data may help clarify recent research findings regarding dopamine pathologic cascades between the retina and brain among patients with PD; however, further research is needed to expand the clinical implication of this algorithm.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in a Biochemical Marker of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity
Authors: Baker Rahaf , Mantilla Bryanna , Graf Jonathan , Katz Patricia P. , Goglin Sarah , Barton Jennifer L. , Liew Jean W. , Wysham Katherine D.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Racial and ethnic disparities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity measures have been documented. We compared racial and ethnic differences in disease activity using multiple composite measures, including an objective measure, the multi‐biochemical disease activity (MBDA) score.

Methods

Data are derived from the University of California, San Francisco RA Cohort, a longitudinal observational cohort. Participants with at least one MBDA measure and self‐reported race and ethnicity were included. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the association between race and ethnicity groups and mean MBDA score, adjusting for potential confounders, including symptom duration and medication use. Sensitivity analyses substituted the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and the Disease Activity Score‐28 joints with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) for the MBDA in multivariable models.

Results

We included 267 participants (86% female, mean age 52.7 ± 13.3 years). The majority were Latinx (n = 137; 51%), followed by Asian (n = 91; 34%). After adjustment, Latinx participants had the highest mean MBDA score (40.6 ± 2.1) compared with White participants at (32.8 ± 6.7). Black participants had the second highest mean MBDA score, followed by Asian participants (36.3 ± 5.3, 36.0 ± 2.7, respectively), although neither were significantly different from White participants. The trends observed for the CDAI and DAS28‐ESR were similar to those for the MBDA.

Conclusion

We found significantly higher disease activity measured by the MBDA and DAS28‐ESR in Latinx participants compared with White participants. We also found significantly higher disease activity in Asian participants compared with White participants with the DAS28‐ESR. Our findings, although limited by the small number of White participants in the referent group, suggest that RA disease activity measures may be influenced by external factors that have differential impacts by racial and ethnic group.
Laser‐Induced, Green and Biocompatible Paper‐Based Devices for Circular Electronics
Authors: Cantarella Giuseppe , Madagalam Mallikarjun , Merino Ignacio , Ebner Christian , Ciocca Manuela , Polo Andrea , Ibba Pietro , Bettotti Paolo , Mukhtar Ahmad , Shkodra Bajramshahe , Inam AKM Sarwar , Johnson Alexander J. , Pouryazdan Arash , Paganini Matteo , Tiziani Raphael , Mimmo Tanja , Cesco Stefano , Münzenrieder Niko , Petti Luisa , Cohen Nitzan , Lugli Paolo
Published: February 2023

The growing usage and consumption of electronics‐integrated items into the daily routine has raised concerns on the disposal and proper recycling of these components. Here, a fully sustainable and green technology for the fabrication of different electronics on fruit‐waste derived paper substrate, is reported. The process relies on the carbonization of the topmost surface of different cellulose‐based substrates, derived from apple‐, kiwi‐, and grape‐based processes, by a CO2 laser. By optimizing the lasing parameters, electronic devices, such as capacitors, biosensors, and electrodes for food monitoring as well as heart and respiration activity analysis, are realized. Biocompatibility tests on fruit‐based cellulose reveal no shortcoming for on‐skin applications. The employment of such natural and plastic‐free substrate allows twofold strategies for electronics recycling. As a first approach, device dissolution is achieved at room temperature within 40 days, revealing transient behavior in natural solution and leaving no harmful residuals. Alternatively, the cellulose‐based electronics is reintroduced in nature, as possible support for plant seeding and growth or even soil amendment. These results demonstrate the realization of green, low‐cost and circular electronics, with possible applications in smart agriculture and the Internet‐of‐Thing, with no waste creation and zero or even positive impact on the ecosystem.
Copper Iron Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanocrystals in Energy and Optoelectronics Applications—State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Potential
Authors: Bhattacharyya Biswajit , Balischewski Christian , Pacholski Claudia , Pandey Anshu , Bald Ilko , Taubert Andreas
Published: February 2023

I‐III‐VI2 semiconductor nanocrystals have been explored in countless optoelectronics and green energy applications. While indium‐based compounds are arguably the best‐known variants of these semiconductors and have been widely studied for their photophysical properties, other I‐III‐VI2 semiconductors are emerging as serious competitors. This review focuses on the current state of the art and recent progress made in the research and technology of one of the most promising competitors to indium‐based I‐III‐VI2 semiconductor nanocrystals, CuFeS2 nanocrystals. CuFeS2 is a promising alternative to indium‐based systems, mostly because many properties are competitive and because iron is much more abundant than indium. Replacing In(III) with Fe(III) would thus significantly alleviate the issue of raw material availability. The article highlights new synthesis approaches and summarizes and discusses advanced optical properties including surface plasmon resonance and luminescence properties. Moreover, potential applications in thermoelectric, photodetection, photothermal, and photovoltaics are illustrated and discussed. Finally, future perspectives for materials development, upscaling, and application in new processes and devices, such as self‐assembly, patterning, or plasmonic catalysis, are presented as well.
Resonant Second Harmonic Generation in Proline Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Xin Mingyang , Cheng Puxin , Han Xiao , Shi Rongchao , Zheng Yongshen , Guan Junjie , Chen Hexuan , Wang Chao , Liu Yuhan , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He
Published: February 2023

Chiral hybrid organic−inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) with intrinsic noncentrosymmetry have shown great potentials for chiroptoelectronic applications including second‐order nonlinear optics (NLO). Ideal NLO materials should simultaneously feature a large NLO coefficient, wide optical transparency, high laser damage threshold, and physicochemical stability. However, the development of applicable second‐order NLO materials has been largely restricted due to their strict requirement on structural noncentrosymmetry. Here, chiral amino acids abundant in nature have been adopted to synthesize hybrid lead halide perovskites (D‐/L‐Pro)PbI3·H2O (Pro = Proline) with resonance enhanced second‐harmonic generation (SHG). Their crystals feature balanced NLO performances with a large NLO coefficient, wide transparent region, high laser damage threshold, and high polarization ratio. This work demonstrates the promise of naturally abundant amino acids for the construction of hybrid chiral metal halide perovskites for next generation optoelectronic materials.
Low Temperature Sequential Deposition Strategy for High Performance Pseudoplanar Heterojunction Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Li Keqiang , Fan Qingshan , Guo Yujie , Wei Zihao , Yu Xiaobao , Zhong Jian , Huang Jiang
Published: February 2023

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) have great application potential in photovoltaic buildings and wearable devices. Studies have proved that power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT) reveal more balanced in pseudoplanar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure than in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. An interesting approach named low temperature sequential deposition (LTSD)—spin‐coating the small molecule acceptor (A) Y6 on polymer donor (D) PM6—is proposed to form an efficient PPHJ structure. In the LTSD process, small molecule Y6 will diffuse through amorphous PM6 layer which means that Y6 finally aggregates at the bottom of active layer and results in vertical gradient concentration distribution. In this structure, adjustment of D:A ratio can achieve higher AVT with maintaining less PCE loss compared with BHJ structure. The fabricated LTSD devices provide PCE of 12.36% (AVT of 23.19%) at 45:40 nm (D:A layer thickness) and PCE of 11.26% (AVT of 25.10%) at 40:40 nm (D:A), while BHJ devices provide PCE of 11.43% (AVT of 21.32%) at 85 nm (D:A = 1:1.2 w). Besides, the LTSD devices are more stable than BHJ devices due to smoother surface. LTSD strategy provides a new approach for achieving PPHJ structure and high‐performance ST‐OPVs.
Bright LanthanideIII Triboluminescence despite Low Photoluminescence, and Dual Triboluminescence and Mechano‐Responsive Photoluminescence
Authors: Hirai Yuichi , Van Baaren Stann , Ohmura Takahito , Nakanishi Takayuki , Takeda Takashi , Kitagawa Yuichi , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Métivier Rémi , Allain Clémence
Published: February 2023

In pursuit of a new family of mechanically responsive luminescent materials, it is aimed to differentiate triboluminescence (TL) from photoluminescence (PL). A β‐diketonate ligand with tert‐butyl groups (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dionate: tmh) is selected to quench EuIII‐centered PL via ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer, whereas tmh provides efficient photosensitization of TbIII ions. Bright TL is observed from the EuIII and TbIII homodinuclear complexes despite the fact that their PL quantum yields differed by a factor of >50. Nanomechanical tests reveal the ductility of the crystals, suggesting they are ideal for accumulating deformation energy before breakage. Furthermore, a TL/PL color difference is observed for a TbIII/EuIII heterodinuclear complex, and grinding results in mechanochromic luminescence (MCL); this is the first example of a dual TL‐ and MCL‐active lanthanideIII coordination compound. The photophysical properties before, during, and after grinding are investigated and correlated with powder and single‐crystal crystallographic data.
Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles Targeted Therapy
Authors: Chen Yuling , Hou Shike
Published: February 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have inherent homing ability in damage repair and drug delivery. However, they have poor targeting and low enrichment efficiency and are easily internalized/cleared by monocyte phagocyte system. If the targeting ability of exosomes can be improved through a series of means, better use can be made of the advantages of exosome therapy and drug delivery. It is necessary to ensure a certain retention rate to study signal pathways and potential mechanisms, especially in flowing blood. This article mainly reviews the research progress of specific targeting based on exosomes, including intrinsic targeting, enhanced targeting, and drug delivery. Inherent targeting is mainly analyzed from different cell sources, and enhanced targeting is mainly from ligand modification and the application of nano materials to improve the targeting ability. To be successfully applied in clinical practice, many problems and challenges still need to be faced in exosome therapy. Herein, the latest knowledge of using EVs as a natural delivery system for disease treatment is summarized.
Influence of cover crops on soybean yield and partial returns as an alternative to double‐crop soybean in Arkansas
Authors: Kirkpatrick Drew , Roberts Trenton L. , Brye Kris , Ross Jeremy
Published: February 2023

The number of hectares dedicated to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern United States has been trending downward for almost a decade, presenting an opportunity for producers to utilize alternatives in their soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations, such as winter cover crops. A study was established to compare the cover crops to traditional cropping systems by determining the effect each had on a successive soybean crop and to examine partial economic returns. Cropping systems implemented were winter fallow, winter wheat, and seven cover crop treatments, including cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), black‐seeded oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), Blend 1 (cereal rye, crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.], seven‐top turnip [Brassica rapa L.]). and Blend 2 (black‐seeded oats and Austrian winter pea). The winter cropping system did not affect the soybean plant population (p = 0.32). Soybean grain yield varied among the different winter cropping systems (p < 0.01) with yields ranging from 3346 to 3906 kg ha−1. The soybean double‐crop system ($1383.02 ha−1) and soybean following winter cover crops ($1239–1380 ha−1) produced similar partial returns but both were greater than soybean following winter fallow ($1217.81 ha−1) (p < 0.01). Soybean yields and partial returns were the highest when following Blend 2. Results of this study showed that winter cover crops can provide an adequate alternative to both winter fallow and traditional winter wheat soybean double‐crop systems in the mid‐southern United States.
Effect of tillage and nitrogen fertility on growth, yield, and seed chemical composition of rainfed Brassica carinata
Authors: Seepaul Ramdeo , Kumar Shivendra , Sidhu Sudeep , Small Ian M. , George Sheeja , Douglas Maynard , Wright David L.
Published: February 2023

The combination of subsoil compaction and injudicious usage of nitrogenous fertilizers are key factors that may lower crop yields, especially in soils with a shallow hardpan. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of tillage and N application on carinata productivity in rainfed conditions. A 3‐year field study was conducted at the North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL, USA. Treatments were four rates of N (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha−1) and three tillage methods (disking, chiseling, and no‐tillage). Maximum cone index measurements for no‐tillage occurred at 15 cm but at 20 cm soil depth for both chisel and disk tillage. A hardpan at 15 cm restricted taproot growth but promoted lateral root growth. Subsoiling and N application improved carinata growth relative to no‐tillage. Seed yield response to N application rate depended on the tillage method. The agronomic maximum seed yield occurred at 134, 128, and 125 kg N ha−1 for chisel, disk, and no‐tilled systems. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency was greatest at 45 kg N ha−1 for the chisel method and 95 kg N ha−1 for disk and no‐tillage. Tillage has a greater potential to increase yields even at relatively low N levels. When tilled, carinata produces 8%–17% greater seed yield at 45 kg N ha−1 than no‐tilled carinata grown with 135 kg N ha−1. These results indicate that tilling the subsoil and applying 90–135 kg N ha−1 are required for carinata production in soils with a hardpan.
Annual report on National Clinical Database 2020 for gastroenterological surgery in Japan
Authors: Kajiwara Yoshiki , Takahashi Arata , Ueno Hideki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Eguchi Susumu , Goi Takanori , Saiura Akio , Sasaki Akira , Takiguchi Shuji , Takeuchi Hiroya , Tanaka Chie , Hashimoto Masaji , Hiki Naoki , Horiguchi Akihiko , Matsuda Satoru , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Marubashi Shigeru , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Konno Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Seto Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Yuko ,   The National Clinical Database
Published: February 2023

Aim

The National Clinical Database (NCD) of Japan is a nationwide data entry system for surgery, and it marked its 10th anniversary in 2020. The aim was to present the 2020 annual report of gastroenterological surgery of the NCD.

Methods

The data of the surgical procedures stipulated by the training curriculum for board‐certified surgeons of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery in the NCD from 2011 to 2020 were summarized.

Results

In total, 5 622 845 cases, including 593 088 cases in 2020, were extracted from the NCD. The total number of gastroenterological surgeries increased gradually in these 10 years, except for the year 2020 due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The annual number of surgeries of each organ, except the pancreas and liver, decreased by 0.4%–13.1% in 2020 compared to 2019. The surgical patients were consistently aging, with more than 20% of all gastroenterological surgeries in 2020 involving patients aged 80 years or older. The participation of board‐certified surgeons increased for each organ (75.9%–95.7% in 2020). The rates of endoscopic surgery also increased constantly. Although the incidences of postoperative complications of each organ increased by 0.7%–7.9% in these 10 years, postoperative mortality rates decreased by 0.2%–1.5%.

Conclusions

We present here the short‐term outcomes of each gastroenterological operative procedure in 2020. This review of the 10‐years of NCD data of gastroenterological surgery revealed a consistent increase of the number of surgeries (except for in 2020), especially endoscopic procedures, and aging of the Japanese population. The good safety of Japanese gastroenterological surgeries was also indicated.