bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Team Awareness, Problem Drinking, and Drinking Climate: Workplace Social Health Promotion in a Policy Context
Authors: Bennett Joel B. , Patterson Camille R. , Reynolds G. Shawn , Wiitala Wyndy L. , Lehman Wayne E. K.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

(1) To determine the effectiveness of classroom health promotion/prevention training designed to improve work climate and alcohol outcomes; (2) to assess whether such training contributes to improvements in problem drinking beyond standard workplace alcohol policies.

Design.

A cross-sectional survey assessed employee problem drinking across three time periods. This was followed by a prevention intervention study; work groups were randomly assigned to an 8-hour training course in workplace social health promotion (Team Awareness), a 4-hour informational training course, or a control group. Surveys were administered 2 to 4 weeks before and after training and 6 months after posttest.

Setting and Subjects.

Employees were surveyed from work departments in a large municipality of 3000 workers at three points in time (year, sample, and response rates are shown): (1) 1992, n = 1081, 95%; (2) 1995, n = 856, 97%; and (3) 1999, n = 587, 73%. Employees in the 1999 survey were recruited from safety-sensitive departments and were randomly assigned to receive the psychosocial (n = 201), informational (n = 192), or control (n = 194) condition.

Intervention.

The psychosocial program (Team Awareness) provided skills training in peer referral, team building, and stress management. Informational training used a didactic review of policy, employee assistance, and drug testing.

Measures.

Self-reports measured alcohol use (frequency, drunkenness, hangovers, and problems) and work drinking climate (enabling, responsiveness, drinking norms, stigma, and drink with coworkers).

Results.

Employees receiving Team Awareness reduced problem drinking from 20% to 11% and working with or missing work because of a hangover from 16% to 6%. Information-trained workers also reduced problem drinking from 18% to 10%. These rates of change contrast with changes in problem drinking seen from 1992 (24%) to 1999 (17%). Team Awareness improvements differed significantly from control subjects, which showed no change at 13%. Employees receiving Team Awareness also showed significant improvements in drinking climate. For example, scores on the measure of coworker enabling decreased from pretest (mean = 2.19) to posttest (mean = 2.05) and follow up (mean = 1.94). Posttest measures of drinking climate also predicted alcohol outcomes at 6 months.

Conclusion.

Employers should consider the use of prevention programming as an enhancement to standard drug-free workplace efforts. Team Awareness training targets work group social health, aligns with employee assistance efforts, and contributes to reductions in problem drinking.
Neighborhood Design and Rates of Walking and Biking to Elementary School in 34 California Communities
Authors: Braza Mark , Shoemaker Wendy , Seeley Anne
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This study evaluates the relationship between neighborhood design and rates of students walking and biking to elementary school.

Design.

Pairwise correlations and multiple regression models were estimated based on a cross-sectional study of elementary schools and their surrounding neighborhoods.

Setting and Subjects.

Thirty-four (23%) of 150 California public elementary schools holding October 1999 Walk to School Day events participated in the study.

Measures.

Teachers asked fifth-grade students how they arrived to school 1 week before Walk to School Day. 1990 U.S. Census data measured population density and number of intersections per street mile, whereas 1998–1999 California Department of Education data measured school size, the percentage of students receiving public welfare, and the percentage of students of various ethnicities.

Results.

Population density (p = .000) and school size (p = .053) were significantly associated with walking and biking rates in regression models controlling for number of intersections per street mile, the percentage of students receiving public welfare, and the percentage of students of various ethnicities. The number of intersections per street mile was associated with walking and biking rates in pairwise correlations (p = .003) but not in regression models.

Conclusions.

The results support the hypothesis that the walking and biking rates are higher in denser neighborhoods and to smaller schools but do not support the hypothesis that rates are higher in neighborhoods with a high number of intersections per street mile. We suggest that detailed data for a larger sample of students would allow statistical models to isolate the effect of specific design characteristics.
Stage of Change Movement across Three Health Behaviors: The Role of Self-Efficacy
Authors: O'Hea Erin L. , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Jeffries Shawn K. , Taylor Cindy L. Carmack , Scarinci Isabel C. , Brantley Phillip J.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

In this study, we examined the influence of self-efficacy in predicting stage of change (SOC) movement, without intervention, over a 1-month period for smoking cessation, exercise adoption, and dietary fat reduction.

Design.

The design of this study was longitudinal. Patients' stage of change and self-efficacy were assessed at baseline, and stage of change was reassessed at a 1-month follow-up. Patients were categorized as (1) Regressors (moved backward at least one stage), (2) Stables (no change), or (3) Progressors (moved forward at least one stage). Chi-square analyses were used to determine the ability of self-efficacy to predict stage movement at 1-month follow-up.

Setting.

The data were collected at a large, inner city, academic hospital in the southeastern United States. Patients were attending primary care clinics.

Subjects.

Five hundred fifty-four low income, predominantly African-American, individuals attending primary care clinics were participants in the study.

Measures.

Previously validated scales of stage of change and self-efficacy from Prochaska's laboratory were used in this study.

Results.

Results showed statistically significant differences between predicted and actual SOC movement for smoking cessation, exercise adoption, and dietary fat intake reduction. Baseline self-efficacy ratings were significantly related to stage progression, regression, and stability of stage of change for all three health behaviors. Thirty-seven percent of smokers who were predicted to progress on the basis of their self-efficacy scores progressed. For exercise adoption and dietary fat reduction, 50% and 44%, respectively, of individuals expected to progress at least one stage on the basis of self-efficacy scores progressed.

Conclusion.

Self-efficacy influences SOC movement for smoking cessation, dietary fat reduction, and exercise adoption.
Comparison of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Safety from Eight Countries at the Turn of the Century
Authors: Puttaiah Raghunath , Miller Kierste , Bedi Raman , Shetty Sadashiva , Almas Khalid , Tse Edwin , Kim Byoung Ock , Youngblood Dennis , Minquan Du
Published: November 2011

Objective

To compare infection control (IC) knowledge, attitudes and practice of dentists across eight countries.

Methods

Self-administered infection control surveys were completed by 1,874 clinicians in eight countries. Practitioner's knowledge, attitudes, and practice of infection control were examined using over 100 variables. Chi-squared statistics (á = 0.05) were used to compare respondents from different national groups.

Results

Immunizations rates varied significantly across the eight countries (p < 0.01) with Asian countries having a lower rate of immunization against HBV than the United States practitioners. Perceived risk of acquiring HIV varied significantly across the study groups (p < 0.01); China had the lowest portion (75%). Dentists in the US reported 92% surface barrier use; only 15% in China reported use. Only 58% of practitioners in Pakistan reportedly used disposable exam gloves; 97% of US practitioners regularly use these gloves. For all groups assessed, including the United States, little over 50% of practitioners understood and practiced Universal/Standard (UP/SP) precautions effectively.

Conclusion: Analyses from this study suggest that the dental IC knowledge and practice varied widely across the eight countries of interest. Many of the countries were found to have barriers to access IC materials. Results indicate that all eight countries could use improved education standards for universal precautions.

Clinical significance: Knowledge, attitudes and practice of dental safety vary in different parts of the world. This study compares the compliance rates in dental safety among countries and pegs them to the level of practice in the United States. This study also provides evidence-based data on the needs in the regions surveyed and could be used to implement remedial educational measures in improving safe practices.

How to cite this article: Puttaiah R, Miller K, Bedi R, Shetty S, Almas K, Tse E, Kim BO, Youngblood D, Minquan D. Comparison of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Safety from Eight Countries at the Turn of the Century. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):1-7.
Flexural Strength and Morphological Characteristics of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Containing Bioactive Glass
Authors: Mousavinasab Sayed Mostafa , Khoroushi Maryam , Keshani Fateme , Hashemi Shirin
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Recent advances in dental materials have led to the production of smart materials. Recently, addition of bioactive materials to glass-ionomer cements has resulted in new capabilities beyond the beneficial effects of fluoride release. This in vitro study compared the flexural strengths (FS) of a resin-modified glass-ionomer containing bioactive glass (RMGIBAG) with that of a commonly used resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI).

Methods and materials

A total of forty RMGI and RMGI-BAG bars (20 × 4 × 4 mm) were prepared in stainless steel molds. Each of the RMGI and RMGI-BAG bars was set for FS test. FS values of the specimens were measured using three-point bending test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The surface changes and the amounts of elements on the materials’ surfaces were also evaluated by SEM/EDS analyses. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 and t-test (a = 0.05).

Results

The means ± SD in the study groups were 61.46 ± 22.52 and 39.90 ± 9.11 MPa respectively. There were significant differences between FS of the two study groups (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

While adding 20 wt% of BAG to the RMGI powder evaluated in this study decreases FS of the material significantly, the mean value of FS is in the acceptable range of the reported FS values for conventional GIs and RMGIs that are commercially available for clinical use.

Clinical significance

While flexural strength of RMGI decreases subsequent to addition of bioactive glass, it is still clinically acceptable considering the flexural strength values reported for clinically used GIs and RMGIs. Further studies are recommended.

How to cite this article

Mousavinasab SM, Khoroushi M, Keshani F, Hashemi S. Flexural Strength and Morphological Characteristics of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Containing Bioactive Glass. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):41-46.
Correlation of Levels of Interleukin-1β in Gingival Crevicular Fluid to the Clinical Parameters of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Chaudhari AU , Byakod GN , Waghmare PF , Karhadkar VM
Published: November 2011

Aim

Background and objectives: IL-1β is a potent stimulator of bone resorption and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the levels of IL-1β of chronic periodontitis patients with the healthy subjects. Another objective of this study was to correlate IL-1β levels with the clinical parameters of the periodontal disease progression.

Methods

For this study, total 60 subjects were chosen (30- healthy and 30-chronic periodontitis). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), periodontal disease index (PDI), probing depth (PD), tooth mobility, bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded for all the subject. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected and subjected for ELISA for estimation of IL-1β

Results

At the periodontal diseased sites, the IL-1β levels increased at least 2-fold as compared with healthy subjects. This increase was highly significant (p = 0.0000). Within the test group, IL-1β levels correlated positively and significantly with PDI, PD, BOP and tooth mobility. The correlations of IL-1β with PD (p = 0.000) and IL-1β with BOP (p = 0.0004) were highly significant.

Interpretation and conclusion

These data suggest that amount of GCF IL-1β is closely associated with periodontal status. This relationship may be valuable in monitoring periodontal disease activity.

Clinical significance

It could be stated from this study on IL- 1β that there seem to be a strong correlation between periodontal tissue destruction and IL-1β. Furthermore IL-1β level could also differentiate between active and inactive periodontal lesions.

How to cite this article

Chaudhari AU, Byakod GN, Waghmare PF, Karhadkar VM. Correlation of Levels of Interleukin-1β in Gingival Crevicular Fluid to the Clinical Parameters of Chronic Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):52-59.
Novel Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restorations
Authors: Pollington Sarah
Published: November 2011

Background

There are many different ceramic systems available on the market for dental restorations. Glass-ceramics are a popular choice due to their excellent esthetics and ability to bond to tooth structure allowing a more conservative approach. However, at present, these materials have insufficient strength to be used reliably in posterior regions of the mouth.

Purpose

The aim of this review article is to discuss the types of novel glass-ceramic currently be investigated including composition, microstructure and properties.

Conclusion

Current research in glass-ceramics focuses on the quest for a highly esthetic material along with sufficient strength to enable crowns and bridgework to be reliably placed in these areas.

Clinical significance

There is a gap in the market for a machinable resin bonded glass-ceramic with sufficient strength as well as excellent esthetics.

How to cite this article

Pollington S. Novel Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1): 60-67.
Functional and Esthetic Rehabilitation with In-Ceram Alumina and Zirconia System: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Zavanelli Adriana Cristina , Mazaro José Vitor Quinelli , Mestrener Sandra Rahal , Zavanelli Recardo Alexandre
Published: November 2011

The development of all-ceramic systems following metalceramics restorations allowed simulation of natural dentition due to favorable esthetics and resistance. In-Ceram is an alternative when esthetics is primordial as well as resistance required in rehabilitation. However, an ideal smile is associated to not only shape, color, texture and translucency but also harmony with gingival tissue. So, the aim of this study is to report a clinical case based on periodontal and fixed partial dentures principles to perform periodontal plastic surgery followed by esthetic rehabilitation. A female patient, 40-year-old, presented complaint about dental esthetics. After clinical and radiographic exams, metal-ceramics crowns (teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23) were considered unsatisfactory due to marginal leakage, color change in gingival tissue associated to metallic margin, and gummy smile. So, a crown lengthening surgery of anterior teeth was performed followed by rehabilitation of superior teeth with In- Ceram single crowns.

Clinical significance

The interaction between periodontics and fixed prosthodontic area is the key of an adequated treatment planning which involves gingival smile to provide function and an esthetic condition in association with an esthetic, resistant and predictable material.

How to cite this article

Zavanelli AC, Mazaro JVQ, Mestrener SR, Zavanelli RA. Functional and Esthetic Rehabilitation with In-Ceram Alumina and Zirconia System: A Multidisciplinary Approach. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):68-72.
Influence of the Fast-processing Technique on the Number of the Occlusal Contacts and Occlusal Vertical Dimension of Complete Dentures
Authors: Atashrazm Parsa , Alavijeh Leila Zamani , Afshar Maryam Sadat Sadrzadeh
Published: November 2011

Aim

Occlusal errors during acryl processing affect the retention and stability of complete dentures. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of a short curing technique on the number of occlusal contacts and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of complete dentures.

Materials and methods

Complete dentures were prepared. The number of occlusal contacts was recorded in centric relation (CR) using 60 ì articulation paper. The OVD was recorded with the waxed trial denture in place. Dentures were then invested and processed with compression molding and short cure water bath technique. The number of occlusal contacts was recorded again. The amount of pin opening was measured for all of the complete dentures on the articulator. Data were analyzed with paired t-test to determine the alterations.

Results

The mean number of occlusal contacts before and after processing was 10.9 ± 2.4 and 6.3 ± 3.1 respectively (4.7 ± 1.9 decrease; p < 0.001). A 2 mm mean increase in OVD was observed in 47.7% of the dentures with < 6 occlusal contact changes and 88.9% of the dentures with > 6 occlusal contact changes (p < 0.003). A significant change in the number of occlusal contacts was associated with an OVD increased up to two times.

Conclusion

The short curing technique seems to be related to the decreased occlusal contacts and increased OVD.

Clinical significances

More time is needed to adjust the occlusal errors of this method, because it has a negative effect on the morphologic pattern of artificial teeth of complete dentures and thus should be used carefully.

How to cite this article

Atashrazm P, Alavijeh LZ, Afshar MSS. Influence of the Fast-processing Technique on the Number of the Occlusal Contacts and Occlusal vertical Dimension of Complete Dentures. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):84-90.
Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: A Case Series
Authors: Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger , Pereira Letícia , Moro Diana , Gründling Grasiela , Gomes Maximiliano , Grecca Fabiana Soares
Published: November 2011

Aim

The present report describes and discusses root canal variations in the internal morphology of maxillary molars.

Background

Dental internal anatomy is directly related to all the technical stages of the endodontic treatment. Even though, in some situations a typical anatomical characteristics can be faced, and the professional should be able to identify them.

Case descriptions

This clinical report describes five cases with different pulpar and periapical diagnostics where the endodontic treatment was performed, in which during the treatment the unusual occurrence of two or three canals in the palatal root ‘or even two distinct palatal roots’ of first and second maxillary molars, were described and important details for achieving treatment success were discussed.

Conclusion

The knowledge of tooth internal anatomy must be considered during clinical and radiographic examinations. This should be valued not only to find atypical canals but also to enable calcified canals cleaning and shaping, once they are frequently omitted during endodontic therapy.

Clinical significance

Anatomic variations can occur in any tooth, and palatal roots of maxillary first and second molars are no exception. The complexity of the root canal system and the importance of identifying its internal anatomy for planning endodontic treatment increase the chances of success.

How to cite this article

Scarparo RK, Pereira L, Moro D, Gründling G, Gomes M, Grecca FS. Morphologic Variations of Maxillary Molars Palatal Root and the Importance of Its Knowledge for Endodontic Practice: A Case Series. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):138-142.
An Evaluation of Nasolabial Angle and the Relative Inclinations of the Nose and Upper Lip
Authors: Nandini S , Prashanth CS , Somiah Sanju K , Reddy SRK
Published: November 2011

Esthetics is one of the major motivating factors for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Hard tissue and soft tissue drape both determine the facial esthetics. The structures in this region are so variable that the nasolabial angle (NLA) has been drawn differently by various investigators. Variations can lead to erroneous conclusions in orthodontic diagnosis.

Aims and objectives

The study was done to evaluate a reliable method of constructing the nasolabial angle (NLA) and to correlate the soft tissue profile parameters with one another.

Materials and methods

Lateral cephalogram of 50 randomly selected adult patients were taken. The tracings were made and 10 copies of each tracing were randomly distributed to 10 different orthodontists to draw the NLA.

Results

Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) showed both N/ FH and L/FH angles to have significant p values when compared with NLA. The regression analysis showed that the nasolabial angle can be calculated for any given value of N/FH or L/FH by the formula: NLA = 80.33° + 1.02° (N/FH) and NLA = 14.2° + 1.04° (L/FH). The mean value of N/FH was 17.42° ± 8.40° and L/FH was 80.68° + 6.45° for this sample. Inter examiner reliability calculated by repeated measures of ANOVA and Dahlerg's formula showed high degree of reliability and reproducibility of the method.

Clinical significance

NLA can be predicted for any given value of N/FH and L/FH. NLA = 80.33° + 1.02° (N/FH) and NLA = 14.2° + 1.04° (L/FH). If an individual has either N/FH or L/FH in the normal range but not the NLA then one could calculate the correct NLA using this formula. Thereby the NLA can be brought within the normal range by altering the other nasolabial parameters by correct treatment planning. Since the nasolabial angle plays a vital role in profile esthetics of a person, the clinician should place greater emphasis in evaluating this area and plan treatment mechanics to place this angle within the accepted normal variation.

How to cite this article

Nandini S, Prashanth CS, Somiah SK, Reddy SRK. An Evaluation of Nasolabial Angle and the Relative Inclinations of the Nose and Upper Lip. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):152-157.
Cephalometric Evaluation-based on Steiner's Analysis on Young Adults of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Chandra Subhash , Farishta Saibel , Varma D Praveen Kumar , Reddy K Srinivas , Nanda Zinnie
Published: November 2011

Aim

The study was conducted to establish skeletal and dental parameters for Chhattisgarhi young adults, evaluation of variability between male and female Chhattisgarhi normal occlusion subjects and comparison of Cephalometric norms of Chhattisgarh population with Caucasians as well as other non- Caucasian groups.

Materials and methods

A Cephalometric study of 80 Chhattisgarhi young adults (40 males and 40 females) with acceptable profile and occlusion was carried out by means of Steiner's analysis.

Results

In comparison to the Caucasian samples, the Chhattisgarhi samples were more protrusive skeletally and dentally and exhibited a more horizontal growth pattern than the Caucasians. The females reported with an increased incisor procumbency, prominent chin and prognathic maxilla than their male counterparts.

Conclusion

The results of the study support the fact that a case of malocclusion cannot be treated to a template of norms which have been derived from mean values of a certain select group of subjects with excellent occlusion and harmonious facial proportions.

Clinical significance

A case of malocclusion needs to be treated based on the individual merits and demerits of that case and not based on template of norms derived from mean values of select subject groups with ideal occlusion and proportion.

How to cite this article

Farishta S, Varma DPK, Reddy KS, Chandra S, Nanda Z. Cephalometric Evaluation-based on Steiner's Analysis on Young Adults of Chhattisgarh, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):174-178.
Comparative Evaluation of Pain, Tenderness and Swelling followed by Radiographic Evaluation of Periapical Changes at Various Intervals of Time following Single and Multiple Visit Endodontic Therapy: An in vivo Study
Authors: Prashanth MB , Tavane Pradeep N , Abraham Sathish , Chacko Lisa
Published: November 2011

Aim

This clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the postoperative sequelae following single-visit versus multiplevisit endodontic therapy at various interval of time in vital as well as nonvital teeth.

Materials and methods

Thirty-two cases were randomly assigned to the following four groups, group I, group II, group III and group IV. After gaining the access to the pulp chamber, establishing the working length, thorough cleaning and shaping was done for all the cases. Obturation was done by protaper (variable taper) gutta-percha and AH-PLUS sealer using lateral and vertical condensation technique. All the cases were recalled after 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks and 6 weeks following obturation and were evaluated for postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference amongst all the four groups in the incidence and severity of postoperative pain, tenderness and swelling at the end of one week. However, within 48 hours groups I, II and IV showed more pain when compared to group III. And groups I, II and III showed more tenderness compared with groups IV. Postoperative swelling was not reported.

Radiographic investigation at the end of 6 weeks showed significant change in the appearance of the periapical region in group II and group IV cases.

Conclusion

On strict adherence to biological principles and proper case selection, no significant difference in the success, postoperative pain and tenderness exist when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit therapy.

Clinical significance

No significant difference in the success rate or postoperative pain, tenderness, and swelling exists when treated with either single-visit or multiple-visit endodontic therapy. Hence, one can readily integrate one-visit endodontic therapy into the routine clinical practice of dentistry.

How to cite this article

Prashanth MB, Tavane PN, Abraham S, Chacko L. Comparative Evaluation of Pain, Tenderness and Swelling followed by Radiographic Evaluation of Periapical Changes at Various Intervals of Time following Single and Multiple Visit Endodontic Therapy: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):187-191.
Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Needs among Institutionalized Geriatric Individuals in Nashik City Maharashtra: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Chaware Sachin , Ghodpage SL , Sinha Manish , Chauhan Vishal , Thakare Vrushali
Published: November 2011

Objectives

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among institutionalized geriatric individuals in Nashik city, Maharashtra, to assess their prosthetic status and needs.

Materials and methods

The oral examination of the study subjects was carried out using Basic Oral Health Surveys, WHO 1997 criteria.

Results

A total of 160 individuals were included in the study of which 40 were females and 120 were males. A total of 55 (34.37%) study participants had some prosthesis at the time of examination, whereas 136 (85%) were in need of prosthesis. A total of 49 subjects (30.62%) needed complete dentures in both jaws. Around 26 (16.25%) of the subjects needed combination prosthesis.

Conclusions

The study concludes that the prosthetic status of the institutionalized geriatric individuals in Nashik city is poor with a higher unfulfilled prosthetic needs. A systematic strategy planning is needed to address these needs.

Clinical significance

There exists a higher unfulfilled prosthodontic need among institutionalized geriatric individuals in Nashik city.

How to cite this article

Chaware S, Ghodpage SL, Sinha M, Chauhan V, Thakare V. Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Needs among Institutionalized Geriatric Individuals in Nashik City, Maharashtra: A Descriptive Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(3):192-195.
Comparative Analysis of Dimensional Precision of Different Silicone Impression Materials
Authors: Al-Zarea Bader K , Sughaireen Mohamed G
Published: November 2011

Objectives

To investigate the accuracy of four commercial types of additional silicone impression materials (AFFINIS®, Virtual®, Relay 2002 CD® and Silagum®).

Materials and methods

The accuracy of impression material was measured indirectly by measuring three dimensions on stone cast poured from impressions of a stainless steel master model. The three dimensions on stone cast were measured at 1 hour, 2 days, 1 and 2 weeks after making the impression. Two impression techniques were used in the current study. The two-step impression technique was used for AFFINIS® and Virtual®, while single-step technique was used for Relay 2002 CD® and Silagum® materials. Twenty impressions were made of the master cast at four different periods for each of the tested four materials with a total of 320 impressions. Two vertical dimensions and one horizontal dimension were measured on master cast using optical microscope. Statistical analysis was run to compare the mean measurements for tested casts from each impression and time interval with the master cast.

Results

No statistical significant differences were found (p > 0.05) in the accuracy of tested materials. There was no significant difference of master cast and impression cast means over time. Additionally, impression technique could be correlated with accuracy.

Conclusion

The tested additional silicones showed accuracy over time and they could be delayed up to 4 weeks duration without any significant changes in its dimensional stability. Silagum® impression material was the most accurate followed by Relay 2002 CD®, Virtual® and AFFINIS®.

Clinical significance

Silagum® impression material is most accurate followed by Relay 2002 CD®, Virtual® and AFFINIS®.

How to cite this article

Al-Zarea BK, Sughaireen MG. Comparative Analysis of Dimensional Precision of Different Silicone Impression Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(3):208-215.
Spatiotemporal distribution of light-absorbing carbon and its relationship to other atmospheric pollutants in Stockholm
Authors: Krecl P. , Targino A. C. , Johansson C.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Carbon-containing particles have deleterious effects on both Earth's climate and human health. In Europe, the main sources of light-absorbing carbon (LAC) emissions are the transport (67%) and residential (25%) sectors. Information on the spatiotemporal variability of LAC particles in urban areas is relevant for air quality management and to better diagnose the population exposure to these particles. This study reports on results of an intensive field campaign conducted at four sites (two kerbside stations, one urban background site and a rural station) in Stockholm, Sweden, during the spring 2006. Light-absorbing carbon mass (MLAC) concentrations were measured with custom-built Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAP). The spatiotemporal variability of MLAC concentrations was explored by examining correlation coefficients (R), coefficients of divergence (COD), and diurnal patterns at all sites. Simultaneous measurements of NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and meteorological variables were also carried out at the same locations to help characterize the LAC emission sources. Hourly mean (± standard deviation) MLAC concentrations ranged from 0.36±0.50 at the rural site to 5.39±3.60 μg m−3 at the street canyon site. Concentrations of LAC between urban sites were poorly correlated even for daily averages (R<0.70), combined with highly heterogeneously distributed concentrations (COD>0.30) even at spatial scales of few kilometers. This high variability is connected to the distribution of emission sources and processes contributing to the LAC fraction at these sites. At urban sites, MLAC tracked NOx levels and traffic density well and mean MLAC/PM2.5 ratios were larger (26–38%) than at the background sites (4–10%). The results suggest that vehicle exhaust emissions are the main responsible for the high MLAC concentrations found at the urban locations whereas long-range transport (LRT) episodes of combustion-derived particles can generate a strong increase of levels at background sites. To decrease pollution levels at kerbside and urban background locations in Stockholm, we recommend abatement strategies that target reductions of vehicle exhaust emissions, which are the main contributors to MLAC and NOx concentrations.
Absolute ozone absorption cross section in the Huggins Chappuis minimum (350–470 nm) at 296 K
Authors: Axson J. L. , Washenfelder R. A. , Kahan T. F. , Young C. J. , Vaida V. , Brown S. S.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. We report the ozone absolute absorption cross section between 350–470 nm, the minimum between the Huggins and Chappuis bands, where the ozone cross section is less than 10−22 cm2. Ozone spectra were acquired using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer, with three channels centered at 365, 405, and 455 nm. The accuracy of the measured cross section is 4–30%, with the greatest uncertainty near the minimum absorption at 375–390 nm. Previous measurements vary by more than an order of magnitude in this spectral region. The measurements reported here provide much greater spectral coverage than the most recent measurements. The effect of O3 concentration and water vapor partial pressure were investigated, however there were no observable changes in the absorption spectrum most likely due to the low optical density of the complex.
Investigation of groundwater-surface water interaction using hydrochemical sampling with high temporal resolution, Mangatarere catchment, New Zealand
Authors: Guggenmos M. R. , Jackson B. M. , Daughney C. J.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The interaction between groundwater and surface water is dynamic and is known to show considerable spatial and temporal variability. Generally hydrological studies that investigate this interaction are conducted at weekly to yearly timescales and inadvertently lose information contained at the neglected shorter timescales. This paper utilises high resolution physical and chemical measurements to investigate the groundwater and surface water interactions of the small temperate Mangatarere Stream in New Zealand. Continuous electrical conductivity, water temperature and stage measurements were obtained at two surface water gauging stations and one groundwater station, along with one week of intensive hydrochemical grab sampling. A second groundwater gauging station provided limited additional data. The downstream reach of the Mangatarere Stream received significant base flow from neighbouring groundwaters which provided cool Na+-Cl− type waters, high in TDS and NO−3 concentrations. This reach also lost water to underlying groundwaters during an extended dry period when precipitation and regional groundwater stage were low. The upstream groundwater station received recharge primarily from precipitation as indicated by a Na+-Cl−-NO−3 signature, the result of precipitation passage through the soil-water zone. However, river recharge was also provided to the upstream groundwater station as indicated by the transferral of a diurnal water temperature pattern and dilute Na+-Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3−-Cl− signature. Results obtained from the Mangatarere catchment confirm the temporal complexities of groundwater and surface water interaction and highlight the benefits of multiple investigative approaches and the importance of high frequency hydrochemical sampling and monitoring for process understanding.
Wave climatology in the Arkona Basin, the Baltic Sea
Authors: Soomere T. , Weisse R. , Behrens A.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The basic features of the wave climate in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea are studied based on available long-term measurements and simulations. The analysis of average, typical and extreme wave conditions, frequency of occurrence of different wave parameters, variations in wave heights from weekly to decadal scales, etc., is performed based on waverider measurements at the Darss Sill since 1991. The measured climatology is compared against numerical simulations with the WAM wave model driven by downscaled reanalysis of wind fields for 1958–2002 and by adjusted geostrophic winds for 1970–2007. The wave climate in this region is typical for semi-enclosed basins of the Baltic Sea. The maximum wave heights are about half of those in the Baltic Proper. The overall reliably recorded maximum significant wave height HS =4.46 m occurred during a severe S-SW storm in 1993 when the 10-min average wind speed reached 28 m s−1. The long-term average significant wave height (0.75 m) shows modest interannual (about 12 % of the long-term mean) and substantial seasonal variation. The wave periods are mostly concentrated in a narrow range of 2.5–4 s and their distribution is almost constant over decades. The role of remote swell is very small. The annual wave properties show large interannual variability but no long-term trends in average and extreme wave heights can be observed.
Learning about Faces: Effects of Trustworthiness on Affective Evaluation
Authors: Aguado Luis , Román Francisco J. , Fernández-Cahill María , Diéguez-Risco Teresa , Romero-Ferreiro Verónica
Published: November 2011

The results of two studies on the relationship between evaluations of trustworthiness, valence and arousal of faces are reported. In Experiment 1, valence and trustworthiness judgments of faces were positively correlated, while arousal was negatively correlated with both trustworthiness and valence. In Experiment 2, learning about faces based on their emotional expression and the extent to which this learning is influenced by perceived trustworthiness was investigated. Neutral faces of different models differing in trustworthiness were repeatedly associated with happy or with angry expressions and the participants were asked to categorize each neutral face as belonging to a “friend” or to an “enemy” based on these associations. Four pairing conditions were defined in terms of the congruency between trustworthiness level and expression: Trustworthy-congruent, trustworthy-incongruent, untrustworthy-congruent and untrustworthy-incongruent. Categorization accuracy during the learning phase and face evaluation after learning were measured. During learning, participants learned to categorize with similar efficiency trustworthy and untrustworthy faces as friends or enemies and thus no effects of congruency were found. In the evaluation phase, faces of enemies were rated as more negative and arousing than those of friends, thus showing that learning was effective to change the affective value of the faces. However, faces of untrustworthy models were still judged on average more negative and arousing than those of trustworthy ones. In conclusion, although face trustworthiness did not influence learning of associations between faces and positive or negative social information it did have a significant influence on face evaluation that was manifest even after that learning.
Dynamics of the General Factor of Personality in Response to a Single Dose of Caffeine
Authors: Caselles Antonio , Micó Joan C. , Amigó Salvador
Published: November 2011

General Factor of Personality (GFP) research is an emergent field in personality research. This paper uses a theoretical mathematical model to predict the short-term effects of a dose of a stimulant drug on GFP and reports the results of an experiment showing how caffeine achieves this. This study considers the General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The GFP dynamic mechanism of change is based on the Unique Trait Personality Theory (UTPT). This theory proposes the existence of GFP which occupies the apex of the hierarchy of personality, and extends from an impulsiveness-and-aggressiveness pole (approach tendency) to an anxiety-andintroversion pole (avoidance tendency). An experiment with 25 volunteers was performed. All the participants completed the GFPQ and the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the trait version of MAACL-R (Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist Revised) on an empty stomach. The participants in the experimental group (20) received 330 mg of caffeine. All the participants filled in a state version form with the sensation-seeking adjectives every 4.5 minutes. This study considers that the Sensation-Seeking Scale list of adjectives from the MAACL-R, available in both trait and state versions, is a good psychometric approach to assess GFP. The results show that GFP is modified by a single dose of caffeine in the direction predicted by the UTPT.
Psychosocial Correlates of Condom Use and their Relationship with Worry about STI and HIV in Native and Immigrant Adolescents in Spain
Authors: Bermúdez Ma Paz , Castro Ángel , Buela-Casal Gualberto
Published: November 2011

The goal of this study was to analyze how worry about sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and HIV influences attitudes and self-efficacy towards condom use, HIV-related knowledge, HIV-perceived susceptibility and HIV-misconceptions in a multicultural sample in Spain. The sample was composed of 3,051 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years old who lived in Spain. Of these, 67.7% were native Spaniards and the remaining 32.3% were Latin American immigrants. Results showed that worry about STI and HIV has a direct influence on condom use self-efficacy and HIV-knowledge and HIV-perceived susceptibility. Native Spanish adolescents showed higher positive attitudes towards condom use, greater HIV-knowledge and HIV-perceived susceptibility, and lower negative attitudes towards condoms use and HIV-misconceptions than Latin American adolescents. In the discussion, the importance of worry about STI and HIV is highlighted as a mediator variable that can predict risky sexual behavior and is related to cultural origin.
Exploring the Role of National Culture on Knowledge Practices: A Comparison between Spain and the UK
Authors: Cegarra-Navarro Juan Gabriel , Vidal Mª Eugenia Sánchez , Cegarra-Leiva David
Published: November 2011

In the context of a competitive knowledge-based economy, the knowledge provided by a firm's founders is one of the most important measures of success. This paper aims to identify the role of national culture on a founder's knowledge practices in a modern organisation. Using data collected from 258 Small to Medium sized Enterprises (SMES) in the Spanish and UK telecommunication industries (130 from Spain and 128 from the UK), we propose three knowledge management practices to be analysed; namely transfer, transformation and open-mindedness. This paper provides evidence that while Spanish SMES are more positively associated with higher levels of transfer and transformation of knowledge, UK SMES are more positively associated with higher levels of open-mindedness. Hence, this study serves as an important contribution to the small amount of literature currently available in this field by examining different practices that can be explained by the cultural characteristics of both countries.
Cost of Mental Set Reconfiguration between Digits and their Photisms in Synaesthesia
Authors: Milán Emilio G. , Artacho María Ángeles Rodríguez , Moreno-Ríos Sergio , de Córdoba Mª José , Pereda Alex , González-Hernández Antonio
Published: November 2011

In this study we present an experiment investigating the reconfiguration process elicited by the task switching paradigm in synaesthesia. We study the time course of the operations involved in the activation of photisms. In the experimental Group, four digit-color synaesthetes alternated between an odd-even task and a color task (to indicate the photism elicited by each digit). In both tasks, the target stimuli were numbers between 1 and 9 written in white. One of the control groups ran the same tasks but this time with colored numbers (Naïve Control Group). The results of these studies showed the expected pattern for the control group in the case of regular shift: a significant task switch cost with an abrupt offset and a cost reduction in long RSI. However for the experimental group, we found switch cost asymmetry in the short RSI and non-significant cost in the long RSI. A second control group performed exactly the same tasks as the experimental group (with white numbers as targets and a second imaginary color task) -Trained Control Group-. We found no cost for this second control group. This means that the cost of mental set reconfiguration between numbers (inducers) and their photisms (concurrent sensations) occurs, that there is a specific cost asymmetry (from photisms to inducers) and that this cost cannot be explained by associative learning. The results are discussed in terms of exogenous and endogenous components of mental set reconfiguration.
Latin-American Immigrant Women and Mental Health: Differences according to their Rural or Urban Origin
Authors: Kirchner Teresa , Patiño Camila
Published: November 2011

Spain is one of the EU countries that receive most immigrants, especially from Latin America. The process of migration implies a high level of stress what may have repercussions for the mental health of immigrants. The purposes of this study were: (a) to determine whether the degree of mental health of immigrant women differs according to their rural or urban origin, (b) to compare the mental health of immigrant women with that of the female normative sample of host population (Spain). A sample of 186 Latin American immigrant women (142 from urban areas and 44 from rural areas) was recruited in Barcelona by means of a consecutive case method. A structured interview and the SCL-90-R were administered. The results indicated that the immigrant women from rural origin reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than those from urban areas. Immigrants reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than the native female population and in most of the psychological symptoms exceeded 90% of the native Spanish population. Migration is a powerful stressor which may lead to psychological distress. Being female of rural origin and being in an illegal situation is related with an increase in symptomatology.
Assessment of Executive Functions in a Brazilian Sample of Bipolar Subjects
Authors: Oliveira Silvana , Kapczinski Flávio , Camey Suzi , Trentini Clarissa
Published: November 2011

Research has demonstrated impairments in executive functions in Bipolar Mood Disorder patients. Evidence shows that this impairment is present in both periods of active symptoms of the disorder, as well as euthymic stages, and is compounded by mood episodes, especially manic phases. The purpose of this study was to compare the executive performance of a sample of Brazilian bipolar patients in depressive episodes, (44 participants), euthymia (37 participants), and in controls (43 participants). The main instrument for evaluation was the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Significant differences were found in performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test between Bipolar subjects (Type I) (both in depression and euthymia) and the controls. No significant correlations were found between the number of manic episodes and the performance on execute measurement variables. The findings suggest that the executive dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder may be related to both transitory and permanent deficits.