bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Artistic Precepts in Multimedia Works: Nikolai Popov and Todor Pozarev (on the Example of “Martellato” and “Artra”)
Authors: Холопова В.Н.
Published: April 2022

Сочетание электронной музыки и визуального ряда привело к возникновению нового явления в музыкальном искусстве — мультимедийной композиции. Одним из авторов, работающих в этой области, является московской композитор Н. Попов. Его основные видеохудожники — итальянец Э. Квинн и серб Т. Пожарев, каждый со своей самостоятельной эстетикой. В данной  статье рассмотрено творчество Пожарева,  стоявшего у истоков некоторых сочинений Попова. Рисункам Пожарева присущи принцип диссимметрии, а также включение элементов реальной действительности в абстрактный видеоряд; в построении формы он ориентируется на «динамический накал» музыкального ритма, что помогает интегрировать различные виды искусства в одном произведении. К настоящему времени Пожарев и Попов осуществили три проекта: «Martellato», «Артра» и «Erwartung» («Ожидание»). В «Martellato» композитор применяет жесткие звучания (и апериодичный ритм), реализуя свою философскую установку: весь физический мир может быть материалом для музыки. В «Артра» обращается к излюбленной теме Космоса, цитируя фрагмент музыки Стравинского с позолоченного диска корабля «Вояджер-1», посланного за пределы Солнечной системы.

The integration of electronic music and visual imagery has led to the emergence of a new phenomenon in the music — a multimedia composition. One of the authors working in this field is the Moscow composer N. Popov. The chief video artists he works with are Italian E. Quinn and Serb T. Pozarev, each one with his original aesthetics. The present article chooses for examination the art of Pozarev, standing at the origins of some compositions by Popov, including one of his best works at the present time — “Artra”. In the aesthetic precepts of Pozarev there is an active principle of dissymmetry inherent to him in his visual art, as well as incorporation of the elements of reality in abstract visual imagery; in the construction of form there is a direction given by the “dynamic intensity” of the rhythm, providing an organic unity for the work pertaining to several arts. So far Pozarev has carried out three projects together with Popov: “Martellato,” “Artra” and “Erwartung” (“Expectation”). In “Martellato” the composer makes use of harsh textures (and aperiodic rhythm), realizing his philosophical precept: the entire physical world may serve as material for music. In “Artra” he turns to his favorite theme of the Cosmos, quoting the fragment from Stravinsky from the gilded disc of the “Voyager-1” sent beyond the solar system.
Criteria for the Viability of Music Higher Educational Establishments in the Post-Soviet Period
Authors: Джуманова Л.А. , Тарасевич Н.И.
Published: April 2022

В статье поднимаются проблемы деятельности вузов в постсоветское время. Дается оценка установившимся критериям их успешности, нашедшим отражение в действующих федеральных государственных образовательных стандартах и процедуре государственной аккредитации. Особое внимание уделяется неоднозначности государственной аккредитации в творческих (музыкальных) вузах. Как альтернатива рассматривается набирающая популярность профессионально-общественная аккредитация, позволяющая учебным заведениям участвовать в международном рейтинге аккредитованных образовательных программ. В качестве примера— институциональная экспертиза образовательной деятельности Московской государственной консерватории имени П. И. Чайковского.

The article raises the problem of the activities of higher educational establishments in the post-Soviet period. There is an assessment of the established criteria of their success, which are reflected in the current federal state educational standards and the state accreditation procedure. Special attention is paid to the ambiguity of state accreditation in art (music) higher educational establishments. As an alternative, the growing popularity of professional public accreditation is considered, allowing educational institutions to participate in the international ranking of accredited educational programs. As an example can be regarded an institutional examination of educational activities of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory.
The Two Unknowns and the Great Guido
Authors: Лебедев С.Н.
Published: April 2022

В начале XI века на севере Италии неизвестный монах написал труд (с инципитом «Musicae artis disciplina», без названия), который оказал заметное влияние на Гвидо Аретинского. Исторически трактат приписывался Одо Клюнийскому, ныне автора условно обозначают как Псевдо-Одо. Трактат включает учение о монохорде, буквенной нотации (возможно, впервые— с модально тождественными октавами и буквой «гамма»), «консонансах» (6 эммелических интервалов и октава); основная часть посвящена учению о композиции григорианского хорала (cantus planus). Публикация содержит русский перевод, а также новую редакцию латинского оригинала трактата, с критическим аппаратом, справочными и научными комментариями. В статье, предваряющей издание, подробно рассматривается проблема идентификации автора; в качестве рабочей гипотезы предложено именовать его Братом Петром, а сам трактат— «Музыкальное искусство» («Ars musicae»). Там же «Музыкальное искусство» Брата Петра (теоретическое учение, эстетические взгляды, культурный бэкграунд, особенности дидактики) сравнивается с «Диалогом о музыке»— анонимным (предположительно— Брата Михаила) текстом начала XI века, также оказавшим большое влияние на Гвидо, и с аутентичными трактатами самого Гвидо.

At the beginning of the 11th century in the Northern Italy an anonymous monk has written a treatise (untitled, with the incipit “Musicae artis disciplina”) which exerted a notable influence on Guido of Arezzo. Earlier this work has been attributed to Odo of Cluny, at present the Anonymous is usually labeled “PseudoOdo”. The author expounds division of monochord, letter octave notation (with octave-identical pitch classes and Gamma, maybe for the first time), consonantiae (6 melodic intervals plus octave); the central matter is the formal composition of plainchant. This publication includes the Russian translation of the treatise and the new edition of its (Latin) original, with Apparatus criticus and extensive comments. Focus points of the editor's introductory article are source identification (author, title, date) and interrelations between Petrus Frater (the supposed author of Musicae artis disciplina), Michael Frater (the supposed author of Dialogus de musica, another anonymous treatise of the same time and provenance, traces of which are clearly seen in Guidonian texts), and Guido of Arezzo himself.
Subject Co-Creation Dislocations in the Context of B. V. Asafiev’s Triad
Authors: Куприна Е.Ю.
Published: April 2022

Музыкальное сотворчество есть социально обусловленная фаза творческого процесса. Его системное функционирование характеризуется сознательной целенаправленной деятельностью, зависимостью авторского десигната от вердикта Другого (слушателя), в сторону которого развертывается его системная динамика и создается музыкальный продукт. Интерпретации отечественными и зарубежными исследователями формулы Б. В. Асафьева «композитор — исполнитель — слушатель» отражают расширяющуюся и все больше дифференцирующуюся сферу музыкальной коммуникации сотворчества. Исторически обусловленный функциональный синкретизм музыкальной профессии предопределяет включение педагога в музыкально-семиотическую цепочку в качестве неотъемлемого компонента коммуникации музыкального сотворчества. Предельно усложнившийся язык музыкального искусства ХХ века привел к необходимости введения между субъектами классической триады посредствующих звеньев или арт-структур (инфраструктуры музыкального искусства), организующих музыкальное восприятие. Слушатель является «межсубъектным» феноменом сотворчества, носителем системы оценок о качестве музыкального продукта и его критериях с ценностно-смысловых позиций различных субъектов сотворчества. Рокировки субъектных дислокаций музыкального сотворчества вызывают изменения гравитации его нелинейной системной динамики, направленной на восприятие, приобретающей энергетическую «подзарядку» в музыкально-коммуникативном пространстве, в эпицентре которого находится объект со-восприятия — музыкальный текст.

Musical co-creation is a socially conditioned phase of the creative process. Its system functioning is conditioned by conscious purposeful activity, dependence of the author’s designat on the verdict of Another (listener), towards which its system dynamics is developed and a musical product is created. Interpretations by domestic and foreign researchers of B. V. Asafiev’s formula “composer — performer — listener” reflect the expanding and increasingly differentiating sphere of musical communication of co-creation. Historically conditioned functional syncretism of the musical profession determines the inclusion of the pedagogue in the musical-semiotic chain as an integral component of communication of musical co-creation. The extremely complicated language of the musical art of the 20th century led to the necessity of introducing between the subjects of the classical triad mediating links or art-structures (the infrastructure of musical art) that organize musical perception. The listener is the “inter-subject” phenomenon of co-creation, the bearer of the system of assessments of the quality of the musical product and its criteria from the value-semantic positions of various subjects of co-creation. The mobility of the subject dislocations of musical co-creation causes changes in the gravity of its nonlinear system dynamics aimed at perception, acquiring an energy “recharge” in the musical-communicative space, in the epicenter of which is the object of co-perception — the musical text.
Artistic Revolutions in the History of Music Culture: the Author’s Interpretation of New Phenomena
Authors: Исхакова С.З.
Published: April 2022

Статья содержит наблюдения над общими процессами исторического развития музыкального искусства в Западной Европе и над терминологическими аспектами их теоретического осмысления. Автор предпринимает попытку прочертить эволюцию европейского музыкального мышления на протяжении последних десяти столетий, обращая внимание на так называемые переходные эпохи. Такие периоды привносят в исторический контекст изменение звукового облика мира, когда прогрессивно настроенные композиторы (а также музыкальные ученые) говорят о новых идеях в своей композиционной технике. При этом терминология, которой они пользуются, часто заимствуется у предыдущей парадигмы.

The article contains insights into the general processes of the historical development of musical art in Western Europe and into the terminological aspects of their theoretical reflection. The author takes an attempt to trace the evolution of the European musical thinking during the last ten centuries paying her attention to the so-called epochs of transition. These periods bring to the historical context change of the image of the sound world, when innovative composers (as well as music scholars) say about new ideas in their compositional technique. At the same time the terminology they use is often borrowed from previous paradigm.
On the Meaning of Music in the Philosophy of Henri Bergson
Authors: Блауберг И.И.
Published: April 2022

Разъясняя главную идею своей концепции— идею конкретного времени, или длительности (la durée), Бергсон часто обращался к примерам из области музыки. Мелодия предстает в данном плане как ведущая метафора длительности, передающая непрерывное взаимопроникновение изменчивых состояний сознания, т. е., согласно Бергсону, временную организацию душевной жизни. Исследователи по-разному толкуют роль музыки в концепции французского философа. Некоторые из них полагают (и доказывают), что музыка принципиально, глубинным образом связана с учением Бергсона о времени. Другие утверждают, что примеры из сферы музыки скорее служат своего рода иллюстрациями, помогающими лучше понять суть его воззрений, но не имеют особого, метафизического значения, отсылающего к основаниям его учения. Автор статьи, опираясь на основные работы и переписку мыслителя, приводит ряд аргументов в пользу первого подхода, наделяющего музыку в трактовке Бергсона глубоким философским смыслом.

Explaining the main idea of his concept— the idea of a specific time, or duration (la durée), Bergson often turned to examples from the field of music. The melody appears in this plan as the leading metaphor of duration, transmitting the continuous interpenetration of changing states of consciousness, that is, according to Bergson, the temporary organization of psychic life. Researchers interpret the role of music in the concept of the French philosopher in different ways. Some of them believe (and prove) that music is fundamentally, deeply connected with Bergson's teaching about time. Others argue that examples from the sphere of music rather serve as a kind of illustration that helps to better understand the essence of his views, but have no special, metaphysical meaning, referring to the foundations of his teachings. The author of the article, relying on the main works and correspondence of the thinker, gives a number of arguments in favor of the first approach, which gives music in Bergson's interpretation a deep philosophical meaning.
Quantitative Mode of the Antiquity
Authors: Цыпин В.Г.
Published: April 2022

На мраморной облицовке одного из зданий храмового комплекса в Дельфах частично сохранился гимн к Аполлону, созданный Лимением из Афин во II в. до н. э. Это сочинение вызывает немалый интерес как у филологов, так и у музыкантов. Для последних, возможно, наиболее любопытны его ладовые особенности, поскольку чередование нескольких так называемых «древнегреческих ладов» образует его изящную, строгую композицию. В самой же ладовой системе, как выясняется, есть много общего со строением античной поэтической речи, организованной квантитативной (основанной на количественных отношениях) метрикой.

On the south outer wall of the Athenian Treasury at Delphi is found an inscription with musical notation. It is now commonly described as a Paean to Apollo written by a certain Limenios from Athens (2nd c. B. C.). The poem long attracts attention of philologists and musicologists. Of the special interest of musicians is its exquisite albeit strict composition based on alteration of the so called early Greek modes. The modal structure itself reveals striking parallels with early Greek poetry based on quantitative metre.
Reflecting on the Ways of Music Education in Russia: New Century Ear Training — First Outcomes and New Prospects
Authors: Карасева М.В.
Published: April 2022

Статья посвящена вопросам развития профессионального музыкального слуха в контексте потребностей современной музыкальной практики, образования и социокультурных вызовов нового века. Предлагаются авторские методические пути повышения эффективности музыкально-слухового воспитания— через динамическое сочетание традиций и новаций в мелодическом, гармоническом и ритмическом воспитании слуха. Особое внимание уделяется новым аспектам развития музыкального слуха, таким как формирование адаптивных свойств психики музыканта через развитие чувства синестезии. Показаны разнообразные возможности применения современных цифровых технологий для решения задач воспитания музыкального слуха.

This paper is devoted to the problems of professional ear training within today’s music practice, actual educational contexts, and sociocultural challenges of the new century. Author’s methodological ways to increase an efficiency of ear training education are proposed. Among them is a dynamic integration of traditions and innovations in melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic aural training. Special attention to some new aspects of ear training, such as creation of synesthetic interrelations in music perception for the adaptive psychic abilities, has been focused on. A great variety of modern digital facilities to the purpose of ear training has been disclosed.
Non-Musical Origins of Musical Categories
Authors: Кюрегян Т.С.
Published: April 2022

Классические инструментальные формы справедливо трактуются как высшее выражение имманентно-музыкального начала в композиции. Однако многие их важнейшие категории очень долго и постепенно формировались в синкретичном искусстве, где музыка еще не получила автономию. Среди них мотив и каденция. Их происхождение обычно связывают со словесным текстом: предшественников одной сильной доли в мотиве находят в словесном ударении, в стихотворной стопе, а прообраз кадансового завершения видят в окончаниях словесных строк, предложений (в том числе стихотворных). Однако это был не единственный источник. Танец, его движения также формировали акцентные опоры мотива и каденционные завершения, что зафиксировано в хореографических трактатах XV–XVI веков. Подобно тому, как Ю. Н. Холопов выделяет «словмотив», или «лексический мотив» в старинной вокальной музыке, правомерно указать на танцевальный «шаг-мотив», или «жест-мотив». Связь другой важнейшей музыкальной категории, каденции, с танцем прямо подтверждается наличием движения с тем же названием— cadence (франц.), cadenza (итал.). Указывая на прыжок с приземлением (отсюда название: от лат. cado— падаю), оно так же устанавливает границы, как каденция в музыке. «Чисто музыкальное», таким образом, глубоко коренится не только в слове, но и в движении, в танце. И все они по-своему организуют время как свою основу— в слове, танце, музыке время обретает ритм.

Classical instrumental forms are rightly viewed upon as the highest expression of immanent musical essence in composition. Still many of its extremely important categories have been forming themselves gradually for a very long time within syncretic art in which music hadn’t become autonomous yet. Among them are motive and cadency. Their origin is usually associated with verbal text: the forerunner of one strong beat in a motive is found in the stressed syllable of the word, in the metric foot and the preimage of the cadence completion is seen in the endings of verbal lines, sentences (including verse). Still it was not the only specimen. Dance, its movements also formed the accented bases of the motive and cadence endings, which were recorded in choreographic tractates of the 15–16 centuries. Similar to Yu. N. Kholopov mentioning “wordmotive” or “lexical motive” in ancient vocal music it is rightful to point out dance “step-motive”, or “gesture-motive”. The connection of another most important musical category with dance is directly confirmed by the presence of movement with the same name— cadence (French), cadenza (Italian). Pointing at a jump with a landing (the name comes from the Latin cado— to fall), it also sets boundaries, as cadency in music. Thus, “purely musical” is connected not only with word but also with movement, with dance. And they regulate in their own way time as its own basis— time gets rhythm in word, dance, music.
Antonin Reicha and the Emperor Alexander I: a Rejected Musical Offering
Authors: Кириллина Л.В.
Published: April 2022

В статье впервые публикуются документы, хранящиеся в Архиве внешней политики Российской империи: письмо Антонина Рейхи к российскому послу в Вене графу А. К. Разумовскому от 14 мая 1804 года и переписка высших должностных лиц (министра иностранных дел князя А. Чарторыйского и президента Императорской академии наук Н. Н. Новосильцева) по поводу подношения Рейхой императору Александру I рукописной копии его раннего трактата «Основания системы практической гармонии». Приношение не было принято, однако публикуемые документы и их исторический контекст помогают понять механизм выработки подобных решений и проливают свет на некоторые моменты творческой биографии Рейхи.

It’s the first publication of the documents stored in the Archive of foreign policy of the Russian Empire: a letter from Antonin Reicha to the Russian Ambassador in Vienna, count A. K. Razumovsky (dated May 14, 1804), and the correspondence of senior officials (Minister of foreign Affairs Prince A. Czartoryski and President of the Imperial Academy of Sciences N. N. Novosiltsev) concerning the Reicha's offering to Emperor Alexander I of a manuscript copy of his early treatise “Die Grundsätze der practischen Harmonie”. The offering was not accepted, but the published documents and their historical context help to understand the mechanism of making such decisions and shed light on some aspects of the creative biography of Reicha.
Vasil Kazandjiev’s “Youth Album” (1972)— a Pearl of Bulgarian National Culture
Authors: Бобрина М.С.
Published: April 2022

Статья посвящена обзору фортепианного цикла «Детские пьесы» (1972) выдающегося современного болгарского композитора Васила Казанджиева. Определено положение цикла Казанджиева в ряду других сборников детских пьес в мировой классике XIX–XX веков. Рассмотрены особенности применения в музыке для детей авангардных техник и средств выразительности, среди которых— алеаторика, сонорика и сонорно окрашенная гармония, свободная двенадцатитоновость, политональные и полиладовые сочетания, применение нетактированных построений, нетрадиционные способы звукоизвлечения на фортепиано. Подчеркивается национальное своеобразие избираемых композитором мелодических, ритмических и гармонических структур.

The article deals with the piano cycle “Youth Album” (1972) of great modern Bulgarian composer Vasil Kazandjiev. The statement of Kazandjiev’s cycle among another pieces for children in classical music of the 19th–20th centuries is determined. The features of using avant-garde techniques and ways of expressiveness in music for children— aleatory, sonorism, free twelve-tone technique, polytonality and polymodality, nonmeasured structures, new methods of playing piano— are considered. The national originality of melodic, rhythmic and harmonic structures is outlined.
Revival of the Cossack Mamay-Bandurist Image and Some Specifities of the Modern Cultural Policy of Ukraine
Authors: Есипова М.В.
Published: April 2022

Статья посвящена мифологическому персонажу украинского фольклора — запорожскому казаку Мамаю, образ которого запечатлен на многочисленных украинских народных картинах. Анализируются иконография Мамая, его атрибуты, впервые последовательно раскрываются разноэтнические (в основе своей тюркские) напластования его образа (Коркут — Кёр-оглы — суфий-кызылбаш). Идентификация разновидностей лютен Мамая не только раскрывает многослойность его образа, но также свидетельствует о богатстве исторического лютневого инструментария Украины. Образ не утратил своей популярности, и ныне ему приписывается статус культурного героя и даже национального духовного символа.

The article is devoted to the Ukrainian folklore mythological character — the Zaporozhye Cossack Mamay, whose image is depicted in numerous Ukrainian folk paintings. The iconography of Mamay, his attributes are analyzed, and the multi-ethnic (basically Turkic) layers of his image (Korkut — Köroğlu — Sufi-kizilbash) are consistently revealed. The identification of Mamay lutes varieties reveals not only the multi-layered nature of his image, but also reflects the richness of the historical lute instruments of Ukraine. The image has not lost its popularity, and at present he is assigned the status of a cultural hero and even a national spiritual symbol.
Understanding Nonlinear Composition Dependency of Enantioselectivity in Chiral Separation Using Mixed Mi-celle
Authors: Suzuki Nozomu
Published: April 2022

Mixtures of chiral and achiral building blocks of supramolecules exhibit interesting cooperative phenomena, indicated by the nonlinear relationship between chiral properties and the mole fraction of chiral building blocks. However, the nonlinear com-position dependence of the chiral recognition capability of spherical mixed micelles is not well understood. In this work, achiral (N-dodecanoyl-glycine or N-dodecanoyl-2-methylalanine) and chiral (N-dodecanoyl-L-alanine) surfactants were studied in detail. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography found nonlinear composition dependencies of enantioselectivity. Capillary electrophoresis, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, surface tension measurement, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to investigate the following four possible mechanisms: (i) synergistic and antagonistic interactions between two different kinds of surfactants; (ii) the chiral transfer from chiral to achiral surfactant; (iii) differences in the capacity factor of surfac-tants; and (iv) enhanced cooperative chiral recognition of the chiral and achiral surfactant boundaries in the mixed micelle. Based on derived equations, the effect of (i) and (ii) was negligibly small, while (iii) and (iv) were dominant for the observed nonlinear enantioselectivity.
Self-complementary Dimers Based on Zwitterionic Halogen Bond Donors
Authors: Papagna Raffaella , Engelage Elric , Wieske Hermina , Erdelyi Mate , Huber Stefan
Published: April 2022

Even though halogen bonding is routinely used in crystal engineering and beyond, multipoint interactions are still quite rare. This applies in particular to self-complementary systems which incorporate both halogen bond donating and accepting moieties. Herein, we present the first homodimer based on a zwitterionic halogen bond donor in which a iodolium core acts as Lewis acidic unit and a sulfonate groups acts as Lewis base. Prior experiments with a carboxylate variant had indicated that it featured too strong coordination, leading to poor solubility. The sulfonate system, in contrast, resulted in a strongly bound dimer with halogen bond distances of 2.73 Å. We anticipate that this motif will form the basis for the further development of halogen-bonding-based linkers.
Dissipative self-assembly of metal-organic complexes
Authors: AYME Jean-François , Bruchmann Bernd , Karmazin Lydia , Kyritsakas Nathalie
Published: April 2022

Implementing dissipative processes in networks of dynamic molecules holds great promise for developing new functional behaviours. Here we report the use of trichloroacetic acid as a chemical fuel to temporarily push networks of dynamic imine-based metal complexes far from thermodynamic equilibrium, forcing them to express high free-energy complexes otherwise unfavourable under equilibrium conditions. Basic design principles were determined for the creation of such networks. Where a complex distribution of products was obtained at equilibrium, the fuel-induced rearrangement temporarily yielded a simplified output, forcing a more structured high-energy distribution of products. Where a single complex was obtained at equilibrium, the fuel-induced rearrangement temporarily modified the properties of this complex. By doing so, the mechanical properties of an helical macrocyclic complex could be temporarily altered by rearranging it into a [2]catenane.
Pretargeted Imaging Beyond the Blood-Brain-Barrier
Authors: Shalgunov Vladimir , Lopes van den Broek Sara , Vang Andersen Ida , García Vázquez Rocío , Raval Nakul , Palner Mikael , Mori Yuki , Schäfer Gabriela , Mikula Hannes , Beschorner Natalie , Nedergaard Maiken , Syvänen Stina , Barz Matthias , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Battisti Umberto Maria , Herth Matthias
Published: April 2022

Pretargeting is a powerful nuclear imaging strategy to achieve enhanced imaging contrast for nanomedicines. It reduces the radiation burden to healthy tissue. Pretargeting is based on bioorthogonal chemistry. The most attractive reaction for this purpose is currently the tetrazine ligation, which occurs between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) tags and tetrazines (Tzs). Pretargeted imaging beyond the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has not been reported thus far. In this study, we developed Tz imaging agents that are capable to ligate in vivo to targets beyond the BBB. We chose to develop 18F-labeled Tzs as they can be applied to positron emission tomography (PET) - the most powerful molecular imaging technology. Fluorine-18 is an ideal radionuclide for PET due to its almost ideal decay properties. Fluorine-18 also allows - as a non-metal radionuclide - to develop Tzs with physicochemical properties enabling passive brain diffusion. In order to develop these imaging agents, we applied a rational drug design approach. This approach was based on estimated and experimental determined parameters such as the BBB score, pretargeted autoradiography contrast, in vivo input and washout curves as well as on metabolism studies. From initially 18 developed structures, five Tzs were selected to be tested on their in vivo click performance. Whereas all selected structures clicked in vivo into the brain, [18F]18 displayed the most favorable characteristics with respect to brain pretargeting. [18F]18 is our lead compound for future pretargeted imaging studies based on BBB-penetrant monoclonal antibodies. Pretargeting beyond the BBB will allow us to image targets beyond the BBB that are currently not imageable. For example, soluble protein isoforms could be imaged. These proteins are valuable drug targets for several neurodegenerative diseases and can currently not be imaged. Imaging would allow for diagnosis of these diseases, identifying responders from non-responders or to monitor treatment. Consequently, imaging will provide valuable information to accelerate drug development and greatly benefit patient care.
The influence of coordination mode on the redox properties of copper complexes with Aβ(3-16) and its pyroglutamate counterpart pAβ(3-16)
Authors: Wiloch Magdalena Z. , Baran Natalia , Jönsson-Niedziółka Martin
Published: April 2022

Senile plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. The plaques are mainly composed of small peptides from the β-amyloid (Aβ) family which differ in how they bind copper ions and thus in their properties. pAβ(3-42) species and its Aβ(3-42) precursor are found in significant proportion in the plaques, however, their complexes with copper ions are hardly explored. The electrochemical response of the copper complexes with N-truncated Aβ(3-16) and its pyroglutamate counterpart pAβ(3-16) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Results obtained in physiological pH (pH ~ 7.4) show that Cu(II) ions in in these peptides undergo reduction Cu(II)/Cu(I) at a potential (Ef)~0.05 V which in other peptides have been shown to enhance production of reactive oxygen species. Detailed voltammetric study, performed at pH below and above 7.4, revealed the effects of coordination modes on the observed redox processes. The conclusions are important for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Low-lying excited stated of natural carotenoids viewed by ab initio methods
Authors: Khokhlov Daniil , Belov Aleksandr
Published: April 2022

Low-lying excited states of carotenoids (the optically dark 2Ag- and bright 1Bu+) are deeply involved in energy transfer processes in photosynthetic antennas such as light-harvesting and non-photochemical quenching. Though any ab initio modeling of these phenomena has to rely on precise energies of the carotenoid electronic states, their accurate evaluation remains a challenging problem due to a different nature of the states of interest. The paper aims to study how accurate are the excitation energies of the low-lying excited states of certain open- and closed-chain carotenoids obtained by a state-of-the-art multireference approach for electronic structure calculation. Here, DMRGSCF and a perturbative approach based on DSRG-MRPT2 were used for treatment of static and dynamic correlation, respectively. Nuclear geometries of the electronic states were optimized with DFT-based approaches. It was demonstrated that spin-flip TD-DFT can replace multiconfigurational methods for the geometry optimization of the 2Ag- state, but not for the calculation of the excitation energy. Adiabatic excitation energies to the 1Bu+ state were shown to be within a margin of 1000 cm-1 with an appropriate flow-parameter value. Adiabatic excitation energies to the 2Ag- state for the open-chain carotenoids lie within a range of experimental values (taking into account the broad range of experimental estimates); for the closed-chain ones the error does not exceed 2000 cm-1. Ab initio stationary (1Ag- → 1Bu+) and transient (2Ag- → 1Bu+) absorption spectra were modeled for violaxanthin and lycopene, and they show a good agreement with the experimental ones both in terms of vibronic structure and transition energies.
Recent Advances in Biologic Therapeutic N-Glycan Preparation Techniques and Analytical Methods for Facilitating Biomanufacturing Automation
Authors: Tiwold Erin , Gyorgypal Aron , Chundawat Shishir
Published: April 2022

Post-translational modification such as N-Glycosylation on biologics during the production of monoclonal antibody (mAb) based therapeutics is a critical quality attribute that dictates safety and efficacy. Variability is introduced in the cell culture process which influences, the glycosylation pattern which is known to be highly heterogenous and must be tightly controlled during the manufacturing process. Techniques have been developed for glycan screening through the use of new denaturation techniques; deglycosylation, fluorescent labeling, and analysis coupled to state-of-the-art tools consisting of multi attribute methods and multi attribute chromatography. In this review, we delve into advances within sample preparation techniques that allow for rapid and robust sample preparation as well as how these techniques are being used for innovative at-line high-throughput screening and PAT focused systems. Finally, we foresee how these advances will influence current manufacturing practices and enable bioprocess automation. The future state of biomanufacturing looks to decrease process costs while increasing process understanding and quality for novel biologic candidates and biosimilars
Regioselective Boracarboxylation of α-Substituted Vinyl Arenes
Authors: Knowlden Steven W. , Popp Brian V.
Published: April 2022

An experimental study of the effect of CO2 pressure on the copper(I)-catalyzed boracarboxylation of α-substituted vinyl arenes is reported. Preliminary experiments using ICyCuCl catalyst (ICy = 1,3-bis(cyclohexyl)imidazol-2-ylidine) showed that boracarboxylation of tert-butylstyrene can be achieved in 30 minutes at modest CO2 pressure (3-6 atm) as opposed to 24-36 hours at atmospheric pressure. Due to increased substrate sterics that allowed catalytic reduction of CO2 to compete kinetically, boracarboxylation of a-methyl styrene, even at modest CO2 pressures, gave poor yields. Low CO2 pressure and SIMesCuCl catalyst (SIMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-4,5-dihydro-2-ylidine) provided moderate to good yields of an electronically and sterically diverse group of quaternary carboxylic acid products featuring a -boronic ester functional group.
Potential-dependent Pt(111)—water interface: Tackling the challenge of a consistent treatment of electrochemical interfaces
Authors: Braunwarth Laura , Jung Christoph , Jacob Timo
Published: April 2022

The interface between an electrode and an electrolyte is the location where electro- chemical processes for countless technologically important applications occur. Though its high relevance and the intense efforts devoted to its elucidation, an atomic-level description of the interfacial structure and especially the dynamics of the electric double layer is still amiss. Here, we present reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations of electrified Pt(111)|water interfaces, shedding light on the orientation of water molecules in the vicinity of the Pt(111) surface, considering the influence of potential, adsorbates and ions simultaneously. We obtain a shift of the water’s preferred orientation in the surface oxidation potential region, breaking with the so far proclaimed strict correlation to the free charge density. Further, the course of the entropy and the intermolecular ordering in the interfacial region complements the characterization. Our work contributes to the ongoing understanding process of electric double layers and in particular of the structure of the electrified Pt(111)|water interface and aims at providing insights into electrochemical processes occurring there.
SOME ASPECTS OF CULTURAL AND MASS WORK AT KALININ STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Воробьёв Дмитрий Николаевич
Published: April 2022

Статья продолжает начатое в предыдущих номерах изучение культурно-массовой работы в Калининском государственном университете. Главным мероприятием, завершающим ежегодный цикл культмассовой работы, был конкурс художественной самодеятельности «Студенческая весна», однако в течение года проводилось множество других мероприятий, которые способствовали формированию у студентов высоких нравственно-эстетических и морально-психологических качеств, а также раскрытию их творческого потенциала. Общеуниверситетские мероприятия чаще всего приурочивались к крупным государственным праздникам и несли идеологическую и воспитательную направленность. Основная культурно-массовая работа велась на факультетах. Студентов старались приобщать к разным направлениям творческой деятельности, однако на многих факультетах имелась своя специфика. Статья написана на основе материалов многотиражной газеты КГУ «Калининец».

The article continues the study of cultural and mass work at Kalinin State University, which was started in previous issues. The main event completing the annual cycle of cultural mass work was the amateur art competition «Student Spring», however, during the year many other events were held that contributed to the formation of high moral, aesthetic and moral-psychological qualities among students, as well as the disclosure of their creative potential. University-wide events were most often timed to major public holidays and carried an ideological and educational orientation. The main cultural and mass work was carried out at the faculties. Students tried to involve themselves in different areas of creative activity, but many faculties had their own specifics. The article is based on the materials of the large-circulation newspaper of KSU «Kalininets».
RESEARCH OF PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR THE FIRST INDEPENDENT FLIGHT BY FEMALE MILITARY PILOTS CADETS
Authors: Ветвицкая Светлана Михайловна , Мальчинский Федор Валентинович
Published: April 2022

Рассматривается психологическая готовность курсантов женского пола военного летного училища к первому самостоятельному полёту. Представлены результаты исследования, полученные с применением методики Ч.Д. Спилбергера «Шкала самооценки уровня тревожности», теста дифференциальной самооценки функционального состояния (САН), экспертного метода оценки по ТЭО, разработанного В.И. Цуваровым, а также опросника незаконченных предложений, разработанного сотрудниками Краснодарского высшего военного авиационного училища. Психологическую готовность курсантов женского пола к выполнению первого самостоятельного полёта можно охарактеризовать как психическое и активно-действенное состояние, которое проявляется в мобилизации психофизиологического и психологического ресурса личности на выполнение полёта. Сделан вывод о том, что психологическая готовность курсанта военного летного училища к первому самостоятельному полету должна рассматриваться как часть профессионального становления и пониматься как сложное комплексное интегративное образование, представляющее динамическую структуру и включающее большое многообразие различных компонентов, влияющих на качество выполнения полетного задания.

The article discusses the features of psychological readiness of female cadets of the military flight school for the first independent flight. The results of the study obtained using the methodology «Scale of self-assessment of anxiety level», developed by C.D. Spielberger and adapted in our country by Yu.L. Khanin, the test of differential self-assessment of functional state (SAN), the expert method of evaluation by feasibility study, developed by V.I. Tsuvarov, as well as the questionnaire of unfinished proposals, developed by the staff of the Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School, are presented. The psychological readiness of female cadets to perform the first independent flight can be characterized as a mental and active state, which manifests itself in the mobilization of the psychophysiological and psychological resources of the individual to perform the flight. It is concluded that the psychological readiness of a cadet of a military flight school for the first independent flight should be considered as part of professional development and understood as a complex, integrated, integrative education, representing a dynamic structure and including a wide variety of different components that affect the quality of the flight task.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Копылова Наталья Вячеславовна , Михайлюк Юлия Васильевна
Published: April 2022

Представлено эмпирическое исследование студентов 1-6-х курсов Белорусского государственного медицинского университета лечебного, педиатрического, стоматологического и медико-профилактического факультетов. Получены результаты исследования психологических характеристик коммуникативной компетентности: эмпатии, толерантности, умения управлять эмоциями в общении, коммуникативного контроля, общительности и стилей реагирования в конфликтных ситуациях у студентов-медиков по методикам М. Снайдера, Н.П. Фетискина, Г.М. Мануйлова, В.В. Козлова, В.В. Бойко, К. Томаса. Установлены различия в психологических характеристиках коммуникативной компетентности студентов медицинских специальностей.

The article presents an empirical study of students of 1-6 courses of the Belarusian State Medical University of therapeutic, pediatric, dental and medical and preventive faculties. The results of the study of such psychological characteristics of communicative competence as empathy, tolerance, the ability to manage emotions in communication, communicative control, sociability and styles of response in conflict situations were obtained. Methods of M. Snider; N.P. Fetyskina, G.M. Manuilova, V.V. Kozlova, V.V. Boyko, K. Thomas were used. Differences in the psychological characteristics of the communicative competence of students of medical specialties were proved.
The initial response of females towards congeneric males matches the propensity to hybridise in Ophthalmotilapia
Authors: Van Steenberge Maarten , Jublier Noémie , Kéver Loïc , Gresham Sophie , Derycke Sophie , Snoeks Jos , Parmentier Eric , Poncin Pascal , Verheyen Erik
Published: April 2022

Cichlid radiations often harbour closely related species with overlapping niches and distribution ranges. Such species sometimes hybridise in nature, which raises the question how they can coexist. This also holds for the Tanganyika mouthbrooders Ophthalmotilapia ventralis and O. nasuta. Earlier studies found indications of asymmetrical hybridisation with females of O. ventralis accepting males of O. nasuta, but not the other way around. We hypothesised that this was due to differences in the capacity for species recognition. Given the higher propensity of O. ventralis females towards hybridisation, we expect a reduced ability for species recognition in O. ventralis females, compared to O. nasuta females. We staged two experiments, one focusing on 22 female O. nasuta and one on 21 female O. ventralis. These fish were placed in one half of a tank and briefly exposed to a conspecific or a heterospecific male, a conspecific female, or nothing (control). Female response was evaluated by scoring six tracking parameters and by noting the occurrence of ten discrete behaviours before and during the encounter. Females always responded to the presence of another fish by approaching it. Remarkably, for both O. nasuta and O. ventralis, we did not find a different response between encounters with conspecific males and females. However, in agreement with our hypothesis, females of O. nasuta behaved differently towards conspecific or heterospecific males, whereas females of O. ventralis did not. When presented with a heterospecific male, females of O. nasuta performed a lower number of ‘ram’ behaviours. Additionally, they never displayed the ‘flee’ behaviour, a component of the species’ mating repertoire that was seen in all but one of the presentations with a conspecific male. Our findings show that differences in species recognition at first encounter predict to a large degree the outcome of the mating process, even in the absence of mating behaviour.
New bat species and records for the Adriatic Islands Vis and Biševo (Croatia)
Authors: De Wint Frederik C. , Cornelis Michiel , Reynaert Simon , González Pablo Albo , Bouillard Nils , Gyselings Ralf , De Bruyn Luc
Published: April 2022

The bat fauna of the Adriatic islands is relatively poorly known. Seven species were documented so far on the remote Adriatic islands of Vis and Biševo (Croatia). This study aims to increase knowledge on the bat communities on these islands. Bat echolocations were recorded between 30 April and 11 May 2018 at seven sites showing bat presence. Calls were identified to genus and species level where possible, which confirmed the presence of eight bat taxa on the islands. Three taxa were observed for the first time: Tadarida teniotis, Myotis sp. and Nyctalus sp. Results of this study increase the number of documented bat taxa on Vis from seven to ten and on Biševo from one to six. This study highlights the importance and benefits of utilizing passive acoustic devices at remote locations. Our findings suggest that bat communities and diversity might also be understudied on other islands in the Mediterranean, which could have important implications for bat conservation.
Tracking connectivity maps in human stem cell–derived neuronal networks by holographic optogenetics
Authors: Schmieder Felix , Habibey Rouhollah , Striebel Johannes , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen , Busskamp Volker
Published: April 2022

Neuronal networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells have been exploited widely for modeling neuronal circuits, neurological diseases, and drug screening. As these networks require extended culturing periods to functionally mature in vitro, most studies are based on immature networks. To obtain insights on long-term functional features, we improved a glia–neuron co-culture protocol within multi-electrode arrays, facilitating continuous assessment of electrical features in weekly intervals. By full-field optogenetic stimulation, we detected an earlier onset of neuronal firing and burst activity compared with spontaneous activity. Full-field stimulation enhanced the number of active neurons and their firing rates. Compared with full-field stimulation, which evoked synchronized activity across all neurons, holographic stimulation of individual neurons resulted in local activity. Single-cell holographic stimulation facilitated to trace propagating evoked activities of 400 individually stimulated neurons per multi-electrode array. Thereby, we revealed precise functional neuronal connectivity motifs. Holographic stimulation data over time showed increasing connection numbers and strength with culture age. This holographic stimulation setup has the potential to establish a profound functional testbed for in-depth analysis of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks.