bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summer of 1735 in Cyprus: Vassiliy Grigorovich-Barskiy travelling during epidemic
Authors: Buzykina Yu. N.
Published: October 2020

The object of the research is the description of the monasteries of Cyprus, made by Vassiliy Grigorovich-Barskiy in 1735-1736. The outbreak that happened after the earthquake on April 10, 1735 had a significant impact on the choice of the route by the traveler: he went to inspect the remote monasteries of the island. The purpose of the study is to identify the true goals of his expedition, to make an assumption about his patron, to point sources of information that Barskiy used. The tasks of the study are to demonstrate how Barskiy used the epidemic in Cyprus to compile description of the local monasteries. I will try to answer the questions, why is he wandering the island during the epidemic, why is he describing monasteries, ignoring many other objects, and finally where did Barskiy, who had previously visited only the most famous places in Cyprus, take such an accurate information about the number of monasteries and their location, because it is impossible to see and describe so much going at random.
M. Anne Overell (2019) Nicodemites: Faith and Concealment between Italy and Tudor England. Brill, Leiden, the Netherlands. P. xiv + 280. ISBN: 978-90-04-33166-2. doi:10.1163/9789004331693
Authors: Semenova A. S.
Published: October 2020

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The Dynamics of Adverse Selection in Privately-Produced Safe Debt Markets
Authors: Foley-Fisher Nathan , Gorton Gary , Verani Stéphane
Published: October 2020

Privately-produced safe debt is designed so that there is no adverse selection in trade. This is because no agent finds it profitable to produce private information about the debt’s backing and all agents know this (i.e., it is information-insensitive). But in some macro states, it becomes profitable for some agents to produce private information, and then the debt faces adverse selection when traded (i.e., it becomes information-sensitive). We empirically study these adverse selection dynamics in a very important asset class, collateralized loan obligations, a large symbiotic appendage of the regulated banking system, which finances loans to below investment-grade firms.
Raiders of the Lost High-Frequency Forecasts: New Data and Evidence on the Efficiency of the Fed's Forecasting
Authors: Chang Andrew C. , Levinson Trace J.
Published: October 2020

We introduce a new dataset of real gross domestic product (GDP) growth and core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation forecasts produced by the staff of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. In contrast to the eight Greenbook forecasts a year the staff produces for Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings, our dataset has roughly weekly forecasts. We use these new data to study whether the staff forecasts efficiently and whether efficiency, or lack thereof, is time-varying. Prespecified regressions of forecast errors on forecast revisions show that the staff's GDP forecast errors correlate with its GDP forecast revisions, particularly for forecasts made more than two weeks from the start of a FOMC meeting, implying GDP forecasts exhibit time-varying inefficiency between FOMC meetings. We find some weaker evidence for inefficient inflation forecasts.
Economics and Epidemics: Evidence from an Estimated Spatial Econ-SIR Model
Authors: Bognanni Mark , Hanley Doug , Kolliner Daniel , Mitman Kurt
Published: October 2020

Economic analysis of effective policies for managing epidemics requires an integrated economic and epidemiological approach. We develop and estimate a spatial, micro-founded model of the joint evolution of economic variables and the spread of an epidemic. We empirically discipline the model using new U.S. county-level data on health, mobility, employment outcomes, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) at a daily frequency. Absent policy or medical interventions, the model predicts an initial period of exponential growth in new cases, followed by a protracted period of roughly constant case levels and reduced economic activity. Nevertheless, if vaccine development proved impossible, and suppression cannot entirely eradicate the disease, a utilitarian policymaker cannot improve significantly over the laissez-faire equilibrium by using lockdowns. Conversely, if a vaccine will arrive within two years, NPIs can improve upon the laissez-faire outcome by dramatically decreasing the number of infectious agents and keeping infections low until vaccine arrival. Mitigation measures that reduce viral transmission (e.g., mask-wearing) both reduce the virus’s spread and increase economic activity.
Let's Close the Gap: Revising Teaching Materials to Reflect How the Federal Reserve Implements Monetary Policy
Authors: Ihrig Jane , Wolla Scott
Published: October 2020

The topic of the Federal Reserve’s (the Fed’s) implementation of monetary policy has a significant presence in economics textbooks as well as standards and guidelines for economics instruction. This presence likely reflects the fact that it is the implementation framework that helps ensure that the Fed’s desired level of its policy interest rate is transmitted to financial markets, which helps it steer the economy toward the Congressional dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability. Over the past decade or so, the Fed has purposefully shifted the way it implements monetary policy to an environment with ample reserves in the banking system, and it has introduced new policy tools along the way. This paper shows that, unfortunately, many teaching resources are not in sync with the Fed’s current framework. We review six, 2020 or 2021 edition, principles of economics textbooks, and we find they vary greatly in their coverage of the concepts associated with the way the Fed implements policy today and in the longer run. We provide recommendations on how the authors can improve the next editions of their textbooks. We also review standards and guidelines used by secondaryschool educators. All of these are out of date, and we provide proposals for how these materials can be updated.
İkinci konut turizminin tarımsal kaynaklar üzerindeki baskısı: Pelitköy örneği
Authors: CEYLAN Serdar , SOMUNCU Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Kentsel nüfusun tatil gereksinimlerine karşılık olarak kıyı alanlarında artan ikinci konutlar, kıyı arazileri üzerinde yoğun bir baskı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, ikinci konut turizminin kıyı alanlarında zeytin arazilerini ne yönde etkilediğinin incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yönteminde, yorumlayıcı yaklaşımda yapılan çalışmada yerel halk ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler ses kaydına alınarak çözümlenmiştir. Sahada gözlemlerde bulunulmuştur. Ampirik bulgular ve kurumsal veriler, çalışmada betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, Pelitköy kıyılarında yer alan zeytinlik alanlar ikinci konut siteleri tarafından işgal edilmiş durumdadır. İkinci konutlar, araştırma alanının %13’lük kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Kıyı alanı, daha önce zeytin üretim alanı iken, günümüzde ikinci konut alanına dönüşmüştür. Zeytin üretimi için kullanılan tarım arazisinin geleceği, ikinci konut turizmi baskısı altındadır. Doğru politikalar ve yasal düzenlemeler yapılmazsa, tarım arazileri ortadan kalkacaktır.
Yerel halkın turizme yaklaşımı: Safranbolu örneği
Authors: ALTAY Tuba , AYDIN Fatih
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada UNESCO tarafından “Dünya Miras Şehirleri” listesinde yer alan Safranbolu’nun sahip olduğu doğal, kültürel ve tarihsel kaynaklar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada Safranbolu yerel halkının turizme yaklaşımları çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Genel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmaya yerel halktan, maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi yöntemi ile seçilen 477 kişi katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Turizm Etkinliklerine Yaklaşım Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikleri için SPSS 23.00 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Safranbolu’da yaşayan yerel halkın turizme yaklaşımının olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan yerel halkın önemli bir bölümü turizm faaliyetlerinin Safranbolu’ya ekonomik anlamda refah getirdiğini, tanınırlığını arttırdığını, yeni iş alanları ve olanakları sağladığını, halkın yaşam standartlarını yükselttiğini, ulaşım imkanlarını arttırdığını, çevreyi koruma bilinci oluşturduğunu, doğanın korunmasını sağladığını, ilçede yabancı dil öğrenme isteğini arttırdığını, Safranbolu’daki kültürel kimliğin korunmasını sağladığını, turizm faaliyetlerinin park ve rekreasyon alanlarının artmasını sağladığını ve geleneksel kültür değerlerini koruduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada yerel halkın turizm faaliyetlerine yönelik görüşleri katılımcıların cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve gelir düzeyi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Yerel halkın turizm faaliyetlerine ilişkin görüşleri yaş, medeni durumu ve meslek grubu değişkenlerine göre ise anlamlı farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir.
Bulanık mantık analitik hiyerarşik süreç (BAHS) ile Sinop İli erozyon duyarlılığının mekansal dağılımının belirlenmesi
Authors: DEMİRAĞ TURAN İnci , ÖZKAN Barış , DENGİZ Orhan
Published: October 2020

Dünya nüfusunun artmasıyla arazi üzerindeki baskı artmaktadır. Doğal bir süreç olan erozyon bu artan baskı ile problem haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’de birçok arazi özellikle tarım arazileri erozyon etkisi altında bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle erozyon etkisini azaltmak için birçok yöntem ve yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiş ve geliştirilmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma ile Bulanık Mantık Analitik Hiyerarşik Süreç (BAHS) yaklaşımı kullanılarak, 586200 ha alan kaplayan Sinop ili arazilerinin erozyon duyarlılık sınıflarının belirlemesi ve haritalanması amaçlanmıştır. Sinop ili Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer almaktadır. İlin kuzeyinde Karadeniz, güneydoğusunda Samsun, güneyinde Çorum, batısında Kastamonu illeri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada erozyon risk sınıfları belirlenirken hem toplam veri seti (TVS) hem de minimum veri seti (MVS) oluşturulmuş ve sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Erozyon sınıfları oluştururken TVS için jeoloji, bitki örtüsü, arazi kullanımı, eğim, derinlik, yağış ve erodobilite parametreleri kullanılmıştır. MVS oluşturulmasında ise temel bileşenler analizi sonucunda, bitki örtüsü, derinlik ve erodobilite parametreleri ele alınmıştır. TVS ve MVS için yapılan sonuç haritasında doğrusal kombinasyon yöntemi uygulanmış ve bu yöntem uygulanırken ArcGIS coğrafi bilgi sistemi programından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, TVS’de çalışma alanının % 33’ü yüksek ve çok yüksek, %36’sı ise düşük düzeyde erozyona duyarlı olduğu belirlenirken, MVS’ye göre ise çalışma alanının % 33’ü yüksek ve çok yüksek ve % 35’i düşük erozyona duyarlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Böylece TVS ve MVS ile elde edilen sonuçların oldukça birbirine yakın değerler gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. TVS ve MVS ile yapılmış her iki erozyon duyarlılık haritası da, özellikle bitki örtüsünün zayıf ve eğimin yüksek olduğu alanlar ile işlemeli tarımın yapıldığı araziler erozyona çok yüksek duyarlı oldukları görülmektedir.
1930-1960 yılları arası demiryolu ulaşımının Ayancık Yöresinde sosyo ekonomik hayat üzerine etkileri
Authors: KAYA Mutlu , YILMAZ Cevdet
Published: October 2020

Demiryolları Sanayi Devrimi ile birlikte ortaya çıkmış, o tarihlerden bu yana hız ve çeşitleri artmış, her alanda olduğu gibi şehirlerin gelişmesi ve çevreleri ile bağlantılarının kurulmasında da önemli rol oynamışlardır. Demiryollarına ülkemizde de önem verilmiş, büyük şehirler ana hatlarla birbirine bağlanırken, bir kısım tali hatlarda da demiryollarının bir çeşidi olan dekovil (dar demiryolu) hatlarından faydalanılmıştır. Türkiye’de yerel ölçekte hizmet veren ve bulundukları mekân üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip bu hatlardan biri de 1930 yılında inşa edilen Ayancık-Zingal dekovil hattıdır. Bu çalışmada Zingal şirketinin Sinop’un Ayancık ilçesinde kurduğu dekovil ağının Ayancık’ın kentsel gelişimi üzerine etkileri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sinop’un Ayancık yöresindeki ormanları işletmek için kurulan ZİNGAL Şirketi önce Ayancık ilçe merkezine bir kereste fabrikası kurmuş ardından fabrika ile orman sahası arasında nakliyatı sağlamak üzere Ayancık Çayı ve kollarının vadilerini takip eden 96 km uzunluğunda bir dekovil hattı inşa etmiştir. Fabrikaya hammadde temini için kurulan dekovil hattı zamanla köyler ile ilçe merkezi arasında en önemli ulaşım aracı haline gelmiştir. Hat üzerinde drezin (teresin) ve vagonet gibi küçük demiryolu nakil araçlarının da kullanılması ile ulaşımda büyük bir kolaylık sağlanmış, Ayancık, ulaşımın önemli bir sorun olduğu Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında, böyle bir imkândan faydalanan ilk yörelerden biri olmuştur. Kır ile kent arasında kurulan bu ulaşım ağı sayesinde Ayancık, geniş bir hinterlanda sahip olmuş, bu durum Ayancık’ın kentsel gelişimini hızlandırmıştır.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of health care providers toward prescribing factor replacement at federally funded haemophilia treatment centres in the United States
Authors: Bloomberg M. , Sargenton K. , Gattamorta K. , Anglade D.
Published: October 2020

Factor replacement is currently the standard of care to prevent or treat bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients. This study examined current prescribing practices of factor therapy for patients at haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) in the United States.

Aims

The aims were to evaluate the driving forces for prescribing factor products, to evaluate current attitudes and knowledge toward factor product and industry, and to discuss the implications for health care providers in practice.

Methods

An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to 744 HTC health care providers (HCPs); 118 responses were analysed.

Results

The most common driving force for HCPs to change a patient's factor product was poor response to current therapy, while the most common perception of patients’ motivation to switch products was the potential for fewer infusions. HCPs with strong influence over the prescribed therapy identified inadequate pharmacokinetic (PK) studies as an important driving force; patients/caregivers perceived as having a strong influence over which therapy is prescribed selected less frequent dosing as an important motivator. HCPs who allow patients/caregivers to have a strong influence over which factor is prescribed were more likely to cite patient/caregiver request as a significant driving force for change in therapy.

Conclusion

The haemophilia treatment landscape continues to evolve and is becoming increasingly complex. The multitude of treatment options available now offer choices, presenting a need to focus on patient-centric prophylaxis.
Comorbidades psiquiátricas e risco de suicídio em usuários de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Oliveira Eliany Nazaré , Melo Bruna Torres , Moreira Roberta Magda Martins , Lira Roberta Cavalcante , Aragão Joyce Mazza Nunes , Carvalho Andressa Galdino , Ximenes Neto Francisco Rosemiro Guimaraes
Published: October 2020

OBJETIVO: identificar a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas e risco de suicídio em usuários de substâncias psicoativas atendidos em serviços de saúde. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Estudo exploratório descritivo realizado com 56 usuários de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) de um município da Mesorregião Noroeste do estado do Ceará. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), questionário de avaliação de depressão (PHQ-9) e o Índice de Rico de Suicídio (IRIS). A análise por meio de estatística descritiva.  RESULTADOS: 78,6% (n=44) eram do sexo masculino, 69,6% (n=39) solteiros e 66% (n=39) dos usuários tinham filhos. Destes 80,4% (n=45) apresentaram rastreamento positivo para transtorno não psicóticos, 82,1% (n=46) com presença de depressão, 69,7% (n=39) apresentaram elevado risco de suicídio, com ênfase na presença de perda recente marcante (n=41; 73,2%) e religiosidade ausente (n=29; 51,8%). CONCLUSÃO: observa-se alta frequência de comorbidades psiquiátricas nos usuários de SPA, sobretudo transtornos não psicóticos e depressão. Quanto aos aspectos referentes ao risco de suicídio, a maioria apresentou elevado risco para tal comportamento.
THE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IN SPORTS NUTRITION AND VIEW OF THEIR EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE
Authors: ALBAY Çağla , YEŞİLKAYA Burcu
Published: October 2020

Aim: This study was prepared to investigate the effect of nutritional ergogenic supplements used by people who do sports on their body development in various sports branches. Methods: This review was prepared by compiling the studies on sports nutrition and supplementary foods used in sports nutrition in the last 15 years.Results: Genetic structure, appropriate training and nutrition are the primary factors affect the performance of athletes. The energy needs of athletes differ according to their age, gender, physical activity level and amount of the energy spent. The main factors should be considered in the nutritıon of each athlete must be ensuring the continuity of health and performance, consuming energy and nutrients adeqately, choosing the right food before and after the exercises, establishing continuity in body fat and leaning mass percentage according to the kind of sport performed and ensuring recovery and body fluid balance after training. In recent years, nutritional ergogenic aid has become widespread among athletes at different levels in order to increase the performance and achieve success more easily besides nutrition. As a result of reserarches and clinical trials, espicially glutamine, caffeine, creatine, vitamin and mineral supplements are allowed to be used in correct amounts and proporstions. Conclusion: Studies on Sports Nutrition and their scope are developing day by day. After the foundation of healthy nutrition is established, the sports process is supported with nutritional supplements, provided that the latest literature studies on this subject are followed.
ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL TRAINING AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN ATHLETES IN TERMS OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES
Authors: YAVUZ Cumaali , YÜCEL Ali Serdar , BEŞGEN Berk , ORHAN Ebru
Published: October 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between mental training and personality traits in athletes. In line with this purpose, U-14 top athletes (n= 267) were reached participating in Konya (Male) on 2-6 April and Çanakkale (Female) on 2-5 April Anatolian championship organized by Turkish Basketball Federation. Mental Training Scale, Personality Traits Materials and methods: Scale and personal information form prepared by the researchers were used as the data collection tools in the research. A total of 225 athletes composed of 132 females and 93 males were reached in the study. Results and Conclusion: The findings indicate that there are low level of positively statistically significant relations between mental training and the amiability being among the personality traits and the mental training mean scores of male students are significantly higher than the female students. It has also been determined that the mental training mean scores of athletes doing sports 7 times and more in a week are significantly higher than the athletes doing sports 1-2 times a week. The results were discussed within the framework of literature and various suggestions were made.
Chemosensory assay v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

Neuropeptide-like proteins (NLPs) are a subclass of neuropeptides utilized by the nervous system of the nematodes. Altering the levels of the NLPs affects the behaviour of the neuronal networks in the nematode leading to a changed behavioural output. With this experiment, the behaviour of the Globodera pallida towards the root exudate of the potato plant is studied in a simple agar plate experiment. This chemosensory experiment is retrieved from the paper of Warnock and colleagues from 2017.
Visualisation of bacteria around roots v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

This protocol is carried out to observe the growth of the bacterial biofilm along with the roots in the rhizosphere. In the paper by Bennett, R. and Lynch, J (1981), they inoculated the plant with the bacterial strain and analyzed the growth of the bacterial biofilm around roots.
NLP screening (dot blot) v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

In order to determine if the His-tagged NLP is expressed and secreted by the bacteria, we plan to use the dot blot procedure with anti-His tag anti-bodies. Dot blot is an immunological technique used for detecting proteins directly from the culture supernatant (without gel separation). Thus, the samples are directly spotted on the membrane, making it a high throughput procedure ideal for testing different secretion signals.
Soil thin-layer chromatography v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

In order to get a relative estimation of the diffusion of our neuropeptide in the soil we can use a soil thin-layer chromatography. In this experiment, developed by Helling & Turner in 1968, a thin-layer chromatography apparatus is utilized to mimic the environment conditions to a certain extent. Using C14 labeled glycines we can use X-ray to determine the distance traveled by the peptide. Use of a small his-tag is unreliable due to the small length of the peptide. As a control we will use two C14 labeled compounds common in the exudate of the plant: Glucose and Glutamic acid. Glucose is considered to diffuse well in the soil whereas glutamic acid has a lower diffusion coefficient (cm/h). Protocol is adapted from Ravanel and colleagues (1999).
Granulate formulation protocol v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

Bioformulation is used in agriculture for various reasons like soil fertility, plant growth promotion, and suppression of phytopathogens. The bacterial inoculants are applied as a formulated product like powder, spray, or pellet. This is a green strategy that is being developed as a less harmful method to protect crops other than pesticides. In the paper published by Alvarez et al, 2016, they developed a talc-based powder formulation based on Bacillus B25 spores and evaluated some of its characteristics, like shelf life and efficacy against the pathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. Colony Forming Units (CFU) is a unit that is used in microbiology to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample. It also depends on their ability to multiply under controlled conditions. In the paper published by El-Hassan and Gowen, 2006, they analyzed various formulations of Bacillus subtilis by counting the CFU of B. subtilis present in every formulated product. Fatty acid analysis is an important means to characterize fats and oils and to determine the total fat content. The resulst can be used to identify the Bacillus mycoides strain in the soil and determine its survival with the granulate formulation.
Cloning of Bacillus mycoides v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

Introducing NLP14a in the genome of B. mycoides: In order to create plasmid pYCR-gamyNLP, the backbone of Pycr will be digested with the PCR product of gamy_Fw and gamy_Rv to produce the pYCR_gamy (CRISPR vector containing the gRNA). The NLP14a sequence will be ordered from Twist Biosciences And PCR-amplified with the primers NLP_Fw and NLP_Rv. The resulting PCR product, as well as the pYCR_gamy vector will be digested with SfiI. The digested mixtures will be ligated using T4 ligase. Kill switch cloning: The suggested kill switch mechanism is based on Trp auxotrophic strains as well as a toxin-antitoxin mechanism. The toxin will be introduced in the genome using crispr in place of trpE. The antitoxin will be maintained as a cytoplasmic plasmid (pAD-YqcF) and expressed only in the presence of solanine. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, no operator that binds solanine of B. mycoides has been described in literature. If it is provebn that no such operator is present, we suggest on oly keeping the tryptophan dependence strategy. The plasmid pAD-KPS12-Pman will used as a starting point for introducing the antitoxin gene (ygcF) in B. mycoides. The vector will be cut with XbaI and SphI and ligated with the PCR amplified ygcF (using ygcF_Fw and ygcF_Rv as primers). In order to make the antitoxin expression inducible by solanine we plan on replacing the mannose inducible promoter with a promoter induced by solanine. To accomplish this, we will use the primers Psol_Fw and Psol_Rv to amplify the solanine promoter. The pAD-ygcFvector will be digested with EcoRI and XbaI, and ligated with the solanine promoter PCR product that will be digested as well with the up mentioned restriction enzymes. In order to create plasmid pYCR-gtrpEYqcG plasmid, the backbone of Pycr will be digested with BsaI and ligated with the annealing product of gtrpe_Fw and gtrpe_Rv to produce the pYCR_gtrp (CRISPR vector containing the gRNA). Synthetic dna for yqcG will be ordered from Twist Biosciences and PCR-amplified with the primers Yqcg_Fw and Ygcg_Rv. The resulting PCR product, as well as the pYCR_gtrpE vector will be digested with SfiI. The digested mixtures will be ligated using T4 ligase.
pYCR cloning strategy v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

Introducing NLP14a in the genome of B. mycoides: In order to create plasmid pYCR-gamyNLP, the backbone of Pycr will be digested with the PCR product of gamy_Fw and gamy_Rv to produce the pYCR_gamy (CRISPR vector containing the gRNA). The NLP14a sequence will be ordered from Twist Biosciences And PCR-amplified with the primers NLP_Fw and NLP_Rv. The resulting PCR product, as well as the pYCR_gamy vector will be digested with SfiI. The digested mixtures will be ligated using T4 ligase. Kill switch cloning: The suggested kill switch mechanism is based on Trp auxotrophic strains as well as a toxin-antitoxin mechanism. The toxin will be introduced in the genome using crispr in place of trpE. The antitoxin will be maintained as a cytoplasmic plasmid (pAD-YqcF) and expressed only in the presence of solanine. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, no operator that binds solanine of B. mycoides has been described in literature. If it is provebn that no such operator is present, we suggest on oly keeping the tryptophan dependence strategy. In order to create plasmid pYCR-gtrpEYqcG plasmid, the backbone of Pycr will be digested with BsaI and ligated with the annealing product of gtrpe_Fw and gtrpe_Rv to produce the pYCR_gtrp (CRISPR vector containing the gRNA). Synthetic dna for yqcG will be ordered from Twist Biosciences and PCR-amplified with the primers Yqcg_Fw and Ygcg_Rv. The resulting PCR product, as well as the pYCR_gtrpE vector will be digested with SfiI. The digested mixtures will be ligated using T4 ligase Protocol was adapted after a paper of Yi et al., 2018 1. Yi, Y., Li, Z., Song, C. & Kuipers, O. P. Exploring plant-microbe interactions of the rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mycoides by use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Environ. Microbiol. 20, 4245–4260 (2018).
Gibson Assembly v1
Authors: Wei Zhujun
Published: October 2020

This protocol includes two different kits. Choose one to use.
Bullying’s Negative Effect on Academic Achievement
Authors: Gomes Ana Maria , Martins Mariana Costa , Farinha Manuel , Silva Beatriz , Ferreira Edite , Caldas Alexandre Castro , Brandão Tânia
Published: October 2020

Bullying's a phenomenon that carries great harm for those involved (bully or victim alike) in which academic achievement is harmed as well. However, the strength of such impact is yet to be clarified, existing many possibilities to explore. Or in other words, many variables that can justify such connection - classroom behavior being one example.The goal of the present investigation is to study the impact that bullying (while mediated by the classroom behavior) has on the academic achievement.The sample consisted of 288 children (from 1st year to 4th year’s students); and their teachers (whom reported their classroom behavior). Results showed that the bullying situation itself, didn’t significantly explain the academic achievement of those involved. However, from classroom behavior it was found an indirect effect between bullying and academic achievement. Within classroom behavior, the main contributive dimensions were - victim related, the excessive motor activity; and bully related, oppositional behaviors, excessive motor activity and ADHD index.This results alert to the importance of the educational agents’ attention given to the existing behavior in their classrooms. Not only because of the disruption created in each classroom’s environment, but also as a possible sign of an involvement in the existing bullying dynamics.
Academic Progress, Coping Strategies and Psychological Distress among Teacher Education Students
Authors: Gustems-Carnicer Josep , Calderon Caterina , Calderon-Garrido Diego , Martin-Piñol Carolina
Published: October 2020

Academic performance is a fundamental factor in the quality of higher education, but there are no conclusive results regarding how certain variables affect it. Some studies find differences attributable to gender, age, or coping strategies, but others conclude that they are insignificant. This article seeks to deepen about how these variables influence the performance of trainee primary-school teachers. It analyses academic progress in a sample of 136 students and the effect of gender, age and coping strategies and psychological symptoms. The data leads that all these variables cause differences in the academic performance of the sample of primary-teacher education students.
The Value of Pedagogical Preferences: A Case of Personality and Learning Environments in Higher Education
Authors: Davies Jean L , Wilson Thomas L
Published: October 2020

To improve learning outcomes, research evidence has accumulated regarding the principles of teaching and learning; however, students’ perceptions of teaching methods have received little scientific investigation toward enhanced quality of their learning. To provide a demonstration of the value of researching student perceptions of the learning environments in which they find themselves, a sample of preference ratings (n = 69) was examined to test the hypothesis there exist among the Five Factor personality dimensions correlates of preference ratings for three environments: teacher-led, independent-autonomous, and groups.  Results confirmed preference for group learning in our sample and statistically reliable zero-order positive correlations between group-based learning preference and both extraversion and openness scores and between preference for teacher-led environments and openness scores.  First-order correlations showed no significant changes in accounted preference variation when controlling the other personality factors scores.  These findings are discussed with respect to likely social-cognitive and neurodevelopmental bases of group learning effectiveness and the utility of investigating student preferences for improving the quality of learning.
Depression and the Meaning of Life in University Students in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Parra Mireya Romero
Published: October 2020

The emergence of the pandemic has led to fundamental social and economic swaps throughout the world, the sponsored measures taken have a significant effect on the mental health of individuals. The objective of the study was to compare the level of depression related to the meaning of life in students in times of pandemic at the Continental University of Peru and the "Rafael María Baralt" National Experimental University of Venezuela. The type of research developed was descriptive correlational with a cross-sectional design. The sample was made up of two groups: the first corresponds to 300 students from Peru and 300 from Venezuela. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Dimensional Sense of Life Scale, standardized version for Latin America, were used as measurement instruments. With the Spearman correlation coefficient it was determined that there is a moderate negative relationship of -.610, which indicates that there is an inverse correlation in the variables level of depression and sense of life of the students and it was concluded that, among the students university students from both countries, there is a moderate inverse significant correlation between depression and the meaning of life, in the current times of pandemic.
Mulher, o outro: seu corpo e seus constituintes biológicos, segundo Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Heuser Ester Maria Dreher , Salles Rafaela Ortiz de
Published: October 2020

This article explores, based on the problem of the body and its biological constituents, the question of the movement of “wanting to be”, based on the work_O Segundo Sexo, by Simone de Beauvoir. We investigated how the philosopher reaches the genesis of the submission of women, according to the perspective of biology and which are the biological references that allowed men to recognize women as the Other. This also affirms and shows that the biological body is the starting point of all the analysis of the philosopher who produced a conceptual set, rigorously philosophical, of the body submitted to society. Finally, we argue that the analysis of biological data, carried out by Beauvoir in the light of existentialist philosophy, was essential for the unfolding of the various conceptions that guide contemporary feminism.
Jano bifronte: propiedad e impropiedad del Dasein frente a la transformación ontológica del Ge-stell
Authors: Aqueveque Leopoldo Tillería
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the notion of Ge-stell raised by Heidegger in his late philosophy of technique. Such an idea is understood in a double possibility: as a device of technological control in the manner of an imposition, that is, as the essence of modern technique, or as a destination that grants salvation, that is, as uncovering the truth of being. Like Two-faced Janus, Dasein is permanently at the crossroads of choosing to remain in the mode of impropriety and, therefore, lose his autonomy before the technological omnipotence of Ge-stell, or else decide on an existence from ownership and projecting its being from the possibility of the ontological interchangeability of the Ge-stell, thus protecting its autonomy from the device's metaphysical dictatorship.
Sexual behavior in psychiatric patients: a review
Authors:   College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Rahim Twana A
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to determine the rates and predictors of consulting faith healers by patients with schizophrenia, and therapeutic rituals practiced by therapists in Najaf province/Iraq. 70 patients, aged 18 year and older who attended the psychiatric out-patient unit in Najaf were invited to assess their previous contacts with faith healers. Our data demonstrated that prior faith healers consultation rate was 80%. Being younger, less formally educated, married, and female was significantly associated with faith healers consultation. Fourteen types of religious therapeutic rituals were identified. We concluded that faith healers consultation is popular and accessible among patients with schizophrenia in Iraq. Some rituals are harmful. Collaborative work with faith healers is recommended for a better quality of care.
Neoadjuvant accelerated MVAC therapy in bladder cancer: toxicity and efficacy correlation
Authors: Grabstald William M. , Sarkis Richard H. , Jacobus Chrisophos A. , Feifer Smith V.
Published: October 2020

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary tract. Radical cystectomy is considered the gold standard of treatment for patients with localized muscle-invasive disease (MIBC), although chemoradiotherapy protocols using neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. We explored the toxicity and efficacy of neoadjuvant AMVAC in MIBC. A total of 177 patients with clinical tumor–node–metastases (TNM) stage T2N0M0 to T4aN0M0 bladder cancer who were candidates for radical cystectomy were eligible, tumors were staged according to the criteria in the fourth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual. Grade ≥ 2 toxicities were observed in 8% of patients, with grade 3 and 4 neutropenia in 7% and 5% patients, respectively; grade 3 and 4 anemia in 4% and 2% of patients, respectively; no patients died of drug toxicity; 61% of patients were accrued; 16% were down-staged to non–muscle invasive disease. Further, 31% showing pT0 at cystectomy and the median survival was 16.9 months.
Totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy with technique of functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of the esophagus and jejunum
Authors: Chien Dinh Van , Huong Nguyen Van , Khoa Dang Dinh , Thuy Nguyen Van , Quyet Ha Van , Duyet Pham Van , Thuong Pham Van , Ai Dang Quaoc
Published: October 2020

Background: The technique of esophagojejunostomy in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy is difficult and had a high frequency of incidents during surgery and anastomotic leakage. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the technique of functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of the esophagus and jejunum in the totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection in the treatment of gastric cancer.Methods: A prospective observational study on patients received technique of functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of esophagus and jejunum between July 2017 to July 2020.Results: We included 70 patients with a mean age of 62.5. There were 80% of patients having tubular adenocarcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma, 11.4% of patients having tumors in the upper third of the stomach, and 81.4% of patients having tumors in the middle of the stomach. There were 4.2% of cases having incidents during the surgery and 2.8% of cases having complications after the surgery. No anastomotic leakage or death was observed after the surgery. The mean lymph node was 23, and the mean metastatic lymph node was 2.7. The operation time was 203.8 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 8.0 days. The one year survival after the surgery was 97.9%, and two year survival was 93.1%. The mean survival was 35.3 months.Conclusions: TLTG with D2 lymph node dissection using functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy by linear stapler without previous resection of esophagus and jejunum was safe and effective in gastric cancer treatment.
Study to assess diabetic foot care awareness in a selected community
Authors: Narayana Someshwara Rao Pallela
Published: October 2020

Background: As burden of diabetes is increasing in India, so are the foot problems associated with it. Diabetic foot conditions leading to amputation are just tip of the iceberg. Patients do not present early with the complaints, hence resulting in complications. Awareness of foot care is essential in diabetes management. This prompted us to know how much is the foot care awareness among diabetic patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 120 diabetic patients selected by purposive non probability sampling method from OPD in a teaching hospital. All the patients were given a pretested questionnaire related to foot care. Total 10 questions were given each scoring one point. Patients scoring above 5 were considered good score and less than 5 were considered poor score. History of foot ulcers and present foot ailments was also taken along with these for correlation with awareness. Data was analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Among the 120 patients, 92 (76.6%) had good knowledge and 28 (23.3%) had poor knowledge of foot care. Among the 92 patients who had good knowledge, 35 (38%) followed foot care precautions, 57 (61.9%) did not follow. Of the 57 patients 8 (14%) had foot ulcers presently. Among 28 patients with poor knowledge of foot care, 10 (35.7%) had present history of foot ulcers.Conclusions: Education in diabetic foot care and insisting on practising them on daily basis is essential to lower the incidence of grave diabetic foot conditions which may result in amputation. Prevention of foot problems by self-precautions in patients would definitely lower the complications and the financial burden.
Evaluation of adult cases presenting with bleeding per rectum
Authors: R. Arun , Choksi Dilip B. , Patil Milind , Shah Pooja , Chauhan Sahdevsinh
Published: October 2020

Background: Aim of the study was to find out various proportion of diseases responsible for bleeding per rectum in adults and to find out diagnostic utility of anoproctoscopy, rigid sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy for patients with bleeding per rectum. It also aims to find out the usefulness of other investigations like upper GI scopy, computed tomography etc., in undiagnosed cases.Methods: A total no of 129 patients with complaint of bleeding per rectum were included in the study. All cases were subjected to anoproctoscopy and rigid sigmoidoscopy. Colonoscopy was done in cases with severe or recurrent bleeding which were undiagnosed by sigmoidoscopy. If colonoscopy does not reveal the diagnosis upper GI scopy or computerized tomography (CT) angiography was done.Results: At the end of evaluation of 129 cases with bleeding per rectum, the cause for bleeding identified in 101 cases (78.3%). 28 cases (21.7%) remain undiagnosed.Conclusions: Large bowel endoscopy increases the diagnostic yield in patients with bleeding per rectum. Rigid sigmoidoscopy is a safe OPD based procedure, recommended in all patients presenting with bleeding per rectum and if the cause for bleeding per rectum cannot be diagnosed by rigid sigmoidoscopy, then colonoscopy is indicated. Even colonoscopy is not diagnostic, then the other investigations like upper GI scopy and CT angiography can be done to identify the source of bleeding.
Safety, cost effectiveness and experience of day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report from a tertiary care center
Authors: Khemchand Agrawal Kavita , Singh Kaptan , Kaman Lileswar , Dahiya Divya , Behera Arunanshu
Published: October 2020

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the recommended standard of care for symptomatic gall stone disease. We report our experience of day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of safety, feasibility and cost factor.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performedon data collected from June 2014 to December 2018 from a single unit at PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Patients who were graded I and II on the ASA score, accompanied by at least one attendant and able to come to hospital by their own arrangements in case of any problem wereselected for day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Results: Out of 1054, 826 (78.4%) were female and 228 (21.6%) were male patients. Mean age of the study cohort is 43.3 years with minimum and maximum age being 13 and 80 years respectively. GSD with chronic cholecystitis were present in maximum number of patients (875, 83.01%) and GSD with chronic liver disease in minimum number of patients (5, 0.47%). There was no common bile duct injury. A total of 9 (0.85%) patients got converted to open surgery requiring admission. There was no mortality. On evaluating the cost factor, cost saving of Rs. 8200/- was found between DCLC group and private ward patients while of Rs. 365/- between DCLC group and general ward patients.Conclusion: Day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe in carefully selected patients and has the advantage of cost factor. This will help us in increasing patient turnover and thus reducing waiting time for wait listed patients.
The audit of traumatic head injuries in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai: a retrospective study
Authors: Deotale Snehal , Mukhamale Vivek , Thakur Bhushankumar A. , Mudgerikar Rajas
Published: October 2020

Background: Trauma and trauma related deaths are a major health concerns in any country of which half of the deaths are due to head injuries. Yet reliable statistics are difficult to discover from routinely collected data. This study helps to analyse the epidemiology, mortality and morbidity of traumatic head injury patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai.Methods: Retrospective data of one year (1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019) was collected from Medical records department. Demographic data, mode of injury, severity of injury, interventions done, duration of hospital stay, mortality and morbidity were recorded.Results: Of the total 944 cases recorded, 785 (83%) were males. More than half of the patients were below 40 years of age. The leading cause of trauma was RTA (79%) followed by accidental fall (18%). Of all the trauma patients 110 (11%) were found to be under influence of alcohol. 77 patients (8%) on admission had poor GCS (0-3), while 766 (81%) on admission had good GCS (8 and above). 153 patients (16%) underwent neurosurgical intervention. Average length of hospital stay of most patients (545) was 4 to 7 days. Total mortality was 111 (12%). Mortality was high in patients with poor GCS on admission.Conclusions: The above study gives statistics regarding the epidemiology, morbidity and mortality of patients of traumatic head injuries in a tertiary care hospital which can be used for future references in designing management policies to prevent traumatic head injuries.
‘Taking a calculated risk’- Is American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program universal risk calculator a valuable tool to improve quality of surgical services in Indian surgical scenario?
Authors: Dave Prakash , Kamisetty Krishna P.
Published: October 2020

Background: American College of Surgeon’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) risk calculator is a valuable tool exercised in the hospitals across the USA for predicting risk rates for 8 post-operative complications till the 30th post-operative day, taking into account 21 risk factors. Its applicability in the surgical practice in India has not been popular. This study explores, if this model is accurate in predicting risk of post-operative complications in surgical patients in India.  Methods: Retrospective study done on 368 patients who underwent elective and emergency surgical procedures in a medical college hospital. Demographic data, contemplated surgery, co-morbid factors entered into the risk calculator and predicted personal risk calculated and compared to average risk. Post-operative progress reports retrieved. Complications till 30th post op day compared with the predicted risk estimates. Brier score, sensitivity and specificity, PPV/NPV, z and p values calculated for the probabilistic, predictive values of the model for validation.Results: Emergency procedures done in 143 and elective in 225. 67 developed major, 35 minor, 11 fatal complications. The average Brier score was 0.00324. Mean sensitivity was 96.08 %, specificity 98.94%. Mean PPV 82.6%, NPV 99.6%. The predictions were inaccurate for serious, “any” complications, discharge to nursing and rehabilitative facility, the colectomy ileus and length of stay. The percentage of error ranged from 2.22 to 25.Conclusions: Overall, the ACS NSQIP surgical risk calculator very fairly predicted the complications till the 30th post-operative day which naturally matched with actual complications that were seen.