bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flore et végétation actuelles de l’Afrique du nord, leur signification en fonction de l’origine, de Involution et des migrations des flores et structures de végétation passées
Authors: Quézel P.
Published: July 2015

PRESENT VEGETATION AND FLORA OF NORTHERN AFRICA, THEIR MEANING IN RELATION TO THEIR ORIGIN, EVOLUTION AND MIGRATIONS OF FLORAS AND THE STRUCTURES OF PAST VEGETATION In the light of recent works and biogeographic synthesis, the Mediterranean flora appears more and more as a heterogeneous entity, reflecting, to a great extent, the palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic history of the region. In particular, the co-existence of elements of southern stock and of northerly elements, presently points to the possibilities of exchange which occurred very early in the Tertiary between the Gondwanian type of floras or the less  tropical types and the Laurasian floras.The tropical elements are numerous and can be linked to various entities according to their age; a pantropical entity comprising in particular, Tetraclinis and Warionia, but also various families, is common to all the tropical regions and, without any doubt, contemporary with the dismemberment of Gondwana; a north-tropical entity peculiarly common to California and the Mediterranean region; a palaeotropical entity strongly heterogeneous and complex. One finds there: —  thermophilous sclerophyll types often linked to the African rainforest species, — old xerophilous types, distributed in South Africa and north of the Equator (randflora), — endemic taxa of high African mountains, showing affinities with Ethiopian species or of the high African mountains, —  taxa more recently arrived or even common sahelian species settled during the last pluvial. The elements of extratropical stock are composed of autochthonal or Mediterraneo-Tertiary elements, and of northern elements. The Mediterraneo-Tertiary elements are the remnants of differentiated floras generally in situ on the banks of the Tethys and on the micro-plates which occur there. The role of the Iberian micro-plate is particularly important in the western Magreb. It is advisable to associate them with various species belonging to the Irano-touranian and Saharo-Arab stocks, whose settlement is often recent. An oro-Mesogean entity is particularly important and brings together the endemo-vicariant taxa generally occurring from the Atlas to the western Himalayas. The northern elements bring together a mesothermal entity, a remnant o f the pre-glacial Lauresian floras, poorly represented in north Africa, a microthermal northern entity generally comprising species recently established and a north-alpine entity contemporary with the last glaciations, extremely localized on the high Atlas mountains. Finally, the origin of the main characteristic formations of the Mediterranean stages is examined and discussed.
Aspects of the phytogeography of African Pteridophyta
Authors: Schelpe E. A. C. L. E.
Published: July 2015

A diversity of distribution patterns exhibited by African pteridophytes on intercontinental and continental scales are presented. Occasional random dispersal among the Pteridophyta over long distances is accepted. The ecological importance of the gametophyte phase is inferred. Future progress in the elucidation of African fern phytogeography will require a broader alpha-taxonomic pan-African base and the plotting of many more distribution maps.
Geographical distribution of present day Poaceae as evidence for the origin of African floras
Authors: Clayton W. D.
Published: July 2015

The major tribes and sub-families of grasses occupy worldwide latitudinal belts, which can be related to an evolutionary sequence of climatic adaptations. However, genera tend to be confined to individual continents, suggesting that grasses do not easily cross the oceans, and that the worldwide distribution of the family may have been achieved when the continents were closer together. Species distributions are likewise strongly influenced by the effect of climatic adaptation and continental isolation, but they show a number of aberrations. These are probably a legacy of climatic disturbance during the Pleistocene.
The dispersal versus vicariance debate in biogeography
Authors: Poynton J. C.
Published: July 2015

Wild’s 1964 study of the Chimanimani Mountain endemics is taken as an example of a vicariance model: endemics (1) are seen to have originated in situ from a residual fragment of an ancestral, once-continuous flora; (2) are held to present in themselves no history of major dispersal; and consequently a biogeographical intrepretation involving or presupposing their ‘migrations' is not thought to be applicable. The preference Wild expressed for this model over a dispersalist model attributed to Levyns is investigated, making use of theoretical refinements developed in the dispersal vs vicariance debate within the past decade. The differences in intrepretations between Wild and Levyns appear to be unresolvable on account of their positions not being demarcated clearly enough, and the situation has not improved since then, underlining the need for attention to be given to the formulation of applicable, coherent and testable hypotheses in biogeography.
PRECIS, the Botanical Research Institute herbarium data bank
Authors: Magill R. E. , Gibbs Russell G. E. , Morris J. W. , Gonsalves P.
Published: July 2015

PRECIS has been modified to make it more useful to taxonomists. The simplified system contains only specimen-related data, and the resulting decrease in the size of the data bank will make it more efficient to operate and maintain. The methods used to encode herbarium data, the operation of the storage and retrieval system, and several examples of system output, demonstrating the flexibility and versatility of PRECIS and its applications in herbarium curation and taxonomic research are described.
Phytogeography of the copper and cobalt flora of Upper Shaba (Zaire), with emphasis on its endemism, origin and evolution mechanisms
Authors: Malaisse F. P.
Published: July 2015

Copper and cobalt ore deposits occur on at least a hundred outcrops scattered in the Shaban Copperbow, an area of 2 000 square kilometres, in the metallogenic Province of Southern Central Africa. With more than 200 species, this flora includes a large number (42) of endemic species of various degrees. Some species are known from only one site, many are located on neighbouring outcrops, others occur on all the ore deposits. Present migratory pathways have been traced for some species and are reported. The relative importance of palaeoendemism and neoendemism is discussed. The origin of these endemics, as well as that of other plants is to be found in several adjacent floras such as that of steppe-savannas developed on more or less poorly aerated soils (Kalahari sands or dambos overlaying laterite), dwarf vegetation on siliceous cellular rocks and miombo woodlands on poor hydromorphic soils. Examples are given for each vegetation type. Systematic details, leaf anatomy and phytogeochemistry data support these hypotheses, which are illustrated for several closely related taxa.
Phytogeography of Pelargonium
Authors: Van der Walt J. J. A. , Vorster P. J.
Published: July 2015

The vast majority of the approximately 2(H) species of Pelargonium oeeurs in Africa. About SO per cent of the species are endemic to the winter rainfall region of the Cape Province, and the centre of distribution lies in the south-western Cape. The distribution of the individual sections are discussed with the aid of distribution maps. The centre of distribution of most sections is in the south-western Cape, hut a few sections are centred in the eastern and western Cape. Several sections are represented by a few species in the summer rainfall region of southern Africa. As no fossils of Pelargonium are known, deductions about the origin of the genus can only be based on the present distribution of species, according to which arguments in favour of both a northern and a southern origin can he supported.
Phytogeography of the tropical north-east African mountains
Authors: Friis I.
Published: July 2015

The tropical north-east African mountains are tentatively divided into four phytochoria, the formal rank of which is not defined. The division is based on patterns of distribution and endemism in the region. The recognition of a distinct Afromontane phytochorion is now well established (Chapman White, 1970; Werger, 1978; White, 1978). However, there is still very little information on the phytogeography of the individual mountains or mountain systems. This study hopes to fill a little of the gap by analysing distribution patterns and patterns of endemism in the flora of the tropical north-east African mountains. The north-east African mountain system is the largest in tropical Africa (see e.g. map in White, 1978). At the core of this system is the large Ethiopian massif, around which are located various mountains and mountain chains. These include the Red Sea Hills in the Sudan, the mountain chain in northern Somalia, the south-west Arabian mountains, and the Imatong mountains of south-east Sudan. The latter are often referred to the East African mountain system (White, 1978) but. as I will point out later, they also have a close connection with the south-west highlands of Ethiopia. The paper presents some results of my study of the mountain flora of tropical north-east Africa, particularly the forest species. Where no source is indicated, the data are from my own unpublished studies.
The historical phytogeography of the Disinae (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Linder H. P.
Published: July 2015

The Disinae (Orchidaceae) are widespread in tropical montane Africa and the Cape temperate region, therefore showing a distribution range typical of a temperate herb in Africa. Centres of endemism and high species richness are recognized in the southern and western Cape Province, the Natal-Transvaal escarpment mountains, the watershed between the Rivers Zaire and Zambesi and the southern highlands of Tanzania, the East African highlands and Madagascar. The number of species and their degree of endemism decrease from south to north. Several regions, e.g. Zimbabwe and West Africa, are outliers of other regions, or overlap zones between regions. An attempt is made to determine the history of the group by vicariance biogeographical analysis, but the resultant area cladogram is uninformative. This may be due to the vagility of the taxa.Areas of endemism of supra-specific taxa are determined. These areas appear on recent palaeoenvironmental data to be possible refugia (Cape fold mountains, the South African Drakensberg and the East African Rift Valley mountains), from where the taxa spread when the climate ameliorated after the last glacial. This model is corroborated by recent studies on Cupressaceae, Pooidae and Compositae.
A phytogeographic survey of Southern Benin
Authors: Paradis G.
Published: July 2015

Southern Benin has a dry subequatoriai climate with a rainfall gradient from 850 mm in the west to 1 500 mm in the east, the geomorphology is varied and the vegetation has been subjected to strong human influence. There are numerous plant formations, namely: 1, forest islands which are probably relics of the primitive vegetation and include (a) dense semi-deciduous forests of several types, (b) swamp forests of two types, (c) periodically flooded forest of two types, (d) Lophira lanceolata  (Hutchinson Dalziel, 1954-72) woodlands and (e) mangrove swamps; 2, formations which are probably derived and include (a) thickets of several types, (b) tree savannas and shrub savannas, (c) grassy savannas and prairies varying according to soil characteristics and (d) halophytic grasslands; and 3, floating vegetation on fresh-water lakes.
Important indigenous plants used in the Transkei as food supplements
Authors: Wehmeyer A. S. , Rose Elizabeth F.
Published: July 2015

Despite the fact that there is a tendency to rely more and more on foods which can be purchased at stores, the indigenous edible plants or veld foods play a significant role in the diet of the people living in the rural areas of the Transkei. Although more work is required to gather and prepare veld foods, they can be an important and inexpensive source of macronutrients — carbohydrates, fats and protein — and also micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. Some of the more commonly-used plants such as  Sonchus asper, Chenopodium album, Centella coriacea, Galinsoga parviflora, Urtica urens and Solanum nigrum are discussed and nutrient composition given. The names of a few plants which should rather be avoided, are also given. Many of these edible plants are also regarded as weeds and. instead of eradicating them, their cultivation should perhaps be encouraged.
Quelques vertus médicinales de Cassia occidentalis L. (Césalpiniacées) en basse Cóte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aké Assi L.
Published: July 2015

SOME MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS  L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) IN THE LOWER IVORY COAST About 40 species of Cassia, a great number of which have been introduced, grow in different parts of intertropical Africa, in all types o f vegetation. The 14 species in the Ivory Coast are herbs, shrubs or trees. The local pharmacopoeia uses six of these species for various therapeutic preparations. The currently most used species is Cassia occidentalis L. commonly called Faux Kinkéliba. In the forest area of the Lower Ivory Coast, 11 medical preparations made from different parts of the plant are used. With its considerable ability to spread, this South American plant has become a pantropical one. It is found chiefly in the vicinity of villages. C. occidentalis is used for the relief and treatment of a variety of pains and diseases, for example as a cicatrizant, abortifacient, febrifuge, diuretic, laxative or cholagogue and tonic, and in cases of asthma, cataract, jaundice and kwashiorkor.
Barrier plants in South Africa
Authors: Henderson L.
Published: July 2015

It is stated that there is a need both to extend the range of barrier plants available in South Africa, and to replace some much-used exotic species that have become invasive. A literature survey and computerized herbarium search revealed that of the 428 plants recorded as having been used as barriers 62% are exotics. Of these. 26% are naturalized or invasive in one or other part of South Africa. Ideal characteristics for different types of barrier plants have been defined and used as a guide in selecting a range of potential barrier plants from the indigenous species available. Lists of recognized barrier plants are given including some species revealed as a result of the present investigation.
Progress with vegetation studies in South Africa
Authors: Scheepers J. C.
Published: July 2015

Vegetation studies at various levels of detail and using various methods are briefly reviewed. The approach and procedures of the Zurich-Montpellier school of phytosociology as a standard methodology for regional studies has become increasingly recognized. Progress has been made in regional studies in the fynbos and woodland biomes. but grassland, forest and karoo vegetation have been much neglected. There have also been marked increases in activity over a wide range of additional vegetation studies including new fields of research, particularly ecosystem studies. However, there are still vast gaps in our knowledge of the basic vegetationa! resources of the country. A systematic regional-study programme is being launched to remedy these deficiencies in fundamental knowledge.
Vegetation survey of Sengwa
Authors: Craig G. C.
Published: July 2015

The approach and initial results of a vegetation survey of the Sengwa Wildlife Area are outlined. The objectives were to produce a vegetation classification and map sufficiently detailed to serve as a base for the management of the natural vegetation. The methods adopted consist of (a) stratification of the area into homogeneous units using 1:10 000 colour aerial photographs; (b) plotless random sampling of each stratum by recording cover abundance on the Braun-Blaunquet scale for all woody species; and (c) analysis of the data by indicator species analysis using the computer programme 'Twinspan’. The classification produced is successful in achieving recognizable vegetation types which tie in well with known environmental features.
Acacia tortilis subsp. heteracantha productivity in the Tugela Dry Valley Bushveld: preliminary results
Authors: Milton S. J.
Published: July 2015

Acacia tortilis Hayne subsp.  heteracantha (Burch.) Brenan dominates secondary succession in the Tugela Dry Valley Bushveld of the Natal midlands. The parts of KwaZulu in this veld type are impoverished, overpopulated and over-grazed. Preliminary results indicate that at a density of 2 700 ± 600 trees/ha there is a standing crop of c.2,87 t/ha (DM) of acacia twigs suitable for hand pruning and milling into fodder, but that this is a costly process. Herbage biomass peaked at 0,73 t/ha (DM). Veld condition assessments suggested a stocking rate of|0,l AU/ha (grazers), but actual grazer stocking rates may be many times this density. It is recommended that the browser/grazer ratio be altered to make use of the c. 1,05 t/ha (DM) of shoot growth produced annually by A. tortilis subsp.  heteracantha.
Etat actuel des recherches sur la flore et la végétation du Rwanda et du Burundi
Authors: Reeksman M. , Troupin G.
Published: July 2015

THE PRESENT STATE OF RESEARCH ON THE FLORA AND VEGETATION OF RWANDA ANDBURUNDI At the end of the last century, many explorers, mainly Germans, travelled in Burundi searching for the famous sources of the Nile and the legendary ‘Mountains of the Moon. ’ Apart from the very often accurate descriptions of the vegetation and flora they encountered, one is indebted to them for the rich harvest of specimens collected, many of which were destroyed in the bombing of Berlin in 1944-1945. When, in 1919, Burundi was placed under Belgian mandate, Belgian botanists took over the work and collected numerous specimens in the country. Their expeditions were organized from Zaire and were often of short duration, with the result that in 1965 there was still no systematic exploration of the country and in 1964 AETFAT classified Burundi as one of the lesser known areas in Africa. Systematic exploration of the country began in 1965 with J. Lewalle. Apart from the publication of an excellent work on the stratification of the vegetation, he collected more than 6 500 numbers of herbarium specimens, several of which represented new species. He worked in Burundi until 1972. From 1970 to 1980, Reekmans collected more than 9 500 specimens for the herbarium, mainly in the areas that were not intensively explored previously. He has published several works in connection with the phenology o f species and vegetation association of western Burundi. Many botanists invited by Lewalle and Reekmans, have had the opportunity to explore the country and to collect specimens of special groups. At present, it can be said that, except for a very small area of the country (otherwise well known in Rwanda where several studies have been made) the flora of Burundi is now well known. Phytogeographical limits are well established and the publication of a vegetation map is due in the near future. A catalogue of the country’s flora is also to be published shortly. Apart from these ‘scientific’ results, botanical studies in Burundi have also had the result of awakening the authorities to the ‘value’ of their natural heritage — to such an extent that in March 1980 a National Institute of Nature Conserx’ation was created. Its first aim will be to ensure the establishment of natural parks and several natural reserves in which some very interesting species will be preserved.
The vegetation of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve
Authors: Taylor H. C.
Published: July 2015

The Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, 7 750 ha in extent, occupies the southern end of the Cape Peninsula. Geologically, it is composed of sandstone beds of the Table Mountain Group of the Cape Supergroup. Topographically, it comprises an interior plateau bounded partly by hills and mountains which reach 360 m on the False Bay coast. Two structural formations, fynbos and broadleaved scrub, are recognized. Within fynbos, the two floristic categories, Inland and Coast Fynbos, reflect the two major soil types present. The flora of the Reserve, with 1 060 species (35% monocots, 65% dicots) comprises 40% of the flora of the Cape Peninsula. About 40 species are either endemic or rare and endangered to varying degrees. Alien woody plants that have invaded the veld over the past half-century are presenting a serious and costly management problem.
The plant ecology of the farm Groothoek, Thabazimbi District. I. Ordination
Authors: Westfall R. H. , Van Rooyen N. , Theron G. K.
Published: July 2015

The vegetation of the farm Groothoek, Thabazimbi District, situated in the Sour Bushveld (Acocks, 1975) of the Waterberg, Transvaal, is classified according to the Braun-Blanquet method and the communities are ordinated by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). Five major vegetation types with 22 communities are described in terms of habitat factors, relevant to the ordination.
The genus Schoenoxiphium (Cyperaceae). A preliminary account
Authors: Kukkonen I.
Published: July 2015

The genus Schoenoxiphium of the tribe Cariceae of Cyperaceae is conservatively accepted as being restricted to the African continent and Madagascar. The special features of the inflorescence structure are described. The following species are provisionally recognized: S. basutorum Turrill, S. distinctum Kukkonen, S. ecklonii Nees, S.  filiforme Kükenthal, S. gracile Chermezon, S. lanceum (Thunberg) Kukenthal, S. lehmannii (Nees) Steudel, S.  madagascariense Chermezon, S. perdensum Kukkonen, S. rufum Nees, S. schweickerdtii Merxmiiller Podlech, and  S. sparteum (Wahlenberg) Kukenthal. A key to the species is provided and their distribution is roughly outlined. The morphological variation within the species suggests separation of taxa below specific level, or perhaps even at species level, but this will require more detailed information about the ecology, distribution and the cytology.
Morphologie et palynologie des Annonacées africaines: interrelations phylogéniques
Authors: LE Thomas A.
Published: July 2015

MORPHOLOGY AND PALYNOLOGY OF THE AFRICAN ANNONACEAE: PHYLOGENETICINTER-RELATIONS Taxonomy not only the practice of plant classification, but also a science of synthesis attempting to outline the possible stages followed by the evolution of a group. It attempts, therefore, to re-create and to explain the dynamics of the evolution of plants through the analysis of all their characters and of the relationships existing between them. Consequently, it can only benefit from the birth or development of all disciplines that analyse fresh aspects of plants or study them in time and space. For these reasons, palynology has developed considerably within taxonomy, revealing new morphological characters that permit a comparison with many fossil examples. In the family Annonaceae, of which the different classifications are admittedly artificial, pollen studies have shown that evolution is expressed in continuous morphological series along parallel lines. The established correlations with other morphological characters throw some light on certain phenomena of parallel evolution within the family, showing that the flower of the Annonaceae is in the process of reduction and the correlations contribute to a better knowledge of the affinities between generic taxa and their respective evolutionary levels.
The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) in Africa
Authors: Eshbaugh W. H.
Published: July 2015

The genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) includes approximately 20 wild species and 4-5 domesticated taxa commonly referred to as ‘chilies’ or ‘peppers’. The pre-Colombian distribution of the genus was New World. The evolutionary history of the genus is now envisaged as including three distinct lines leading to the domesticated taxa. The route of Capsicum to the Old World is thought to have followed three different courses. First, explorers introduced it to Europe with secondary introduction into Africa via further exploratory expeditions; second, botanical gardens played a major role in introduction; and third, introduction followed the slave trade routes. Today, pepper production in Africa is of two types, vegetable and spice. Statistical profiles on production are difficult to interpret, but the data available indicate that Nigeria, Egypt, Tunisia and Ghana are the leading producers. Production is mainly a local phenomenon and large acreage is seldom devoted to the growing of peppers. The primary peppers in Africa are C.  annuum and C.  frutescens.
Studies of diagnostic features in the genus Hypoxis L. (Hypoxidaceae R. Br.) on the Witwatersrand
Authors: Heideman M. E.
Published: July 2015

In an attempt to clarify specific concepts in the genus Hypoxis L. on the Witwatersrand it was found that diagnosis depends mostly on vegetative characters, particularly the habit, leaf vesture and venation, and the structure of the inflorescences. The relevant criteria are discussed in relationship to the Witwatersrand species, where eleven species and seven varieties are recognized:  H. rigidula Bak. (a) var.  rigidula, (b) var.  pilosissima Bak.; H. acuminata Bak.;  H. filiformis Bak.; H. obtusa Burch.; H. neliana Schinz; //.  latifolia Hook. f.; H. galpinii Bak.; H. multiceps Buch. ex Bak.; H. interjecta Nel; H. rooperi Moore; H. argentea Harv. ex Bak. (a) var. argentea, (b) var. sericea Bak.; and two varieties which constitute  comb, et stat. novs, unpublished as yet.
Taxonomic status of the endemic South African bamboo, Thamnocalamus tessellatus
Authors: Soderstrom Thomas R. , Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

Thamnocalamus tessellatus (Nees) Soderstrom Ellis, [= Arundinaria tessellata (Nees) Munro] is the only endemic South African bamboo and occurs from the eastern districts of the Cape, through Lesotho and Natal, to the eastern Orange Free State at elevations of about 1 500-2 500 m. The Mountain Bamboo, or ‘Bergbamboes’ was first described by Nees in 1841 as a member of the genus Nastus because of the similarity, to him, of the spikelets between it and N. barbonicus, but was later transferred to the all-encompassing genus of the time, Arundinaria, the type species of which is endemic to the southeastern United States of America. Based on our present knowledge of bamboo genera, this South African species may be excluded from Nastus because the inflorescence is not a panicle but bracteate racemiform, the vegetative branches do not arise in a verticillate manner but are a series of subequal branches that are borne in a row above the nodal line and T. tessellatus has an androecium of three stamens and not six as in Nastus. The Bergbamboes, with sympodial rhizomes and branch complement of several subequal branches, can also not be maintained in Arundinaria, for monopodial rhizomes and a single branch at the node are typical of this genus. The simple, ebracteate, and exserted inflorescence of Arundinaria is also quite distinct from that of the Bergbamboes. In order to place the South African bamboo more precisely we have made comparative studies of its leaf anatomy and epidermis, gross morphology, and analyses of its inflorescence and spikelets. The results of all these studies reveal a striking resemblance to members of the Sino-Himalayan genus, Thamnocalamus, to which we have accordingly transferred the species. The results are presented, together with an interpretation of the phylogenetic position of the Bergbamboes and possible events that led to the disjunction of species in the genus.
Weed flora of South Africa 1: major groupings
Authors: Wells M. J. , Engelbrecht V. M. , Balsinhas A. A. , Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Whilst attention has been focussed on combating priority weeds we have neglected to obtain an overall picture of our weed flora. To rectify the position a National Weed List has been compiled, the weeds have been classified and an analysis made of the weed flora. Aspects covered in this paper are: major taxa, exotic and indigenous species and kinds of weeds. The presence of imbalances or power shifts between indigenous taxa is indicated by the fact that most weeds are supplied by a few families, and that Monocotyledon species are twice as likely to be weeds as are Dicotyledon species. The preponderance of Monocotyledon weeds is explained by re-invasion of cultivated and abandoned fields in grassland areas rather than by a shift towards Monocotyledon species in the veld. Exotic weeds contribute to imbalances via their greater versatility as well as by re-inforcing some taxa or kind of weed groupings at the expense of others. There is a power shift towards exotic Gymnosperms. Apart from flora weeds, exotics provide most agrestals, lawn weeds and weeds of planted pastures, and nearly as many ruderals as the indigenous species.
The weeds of abandoned cotton fields in Mozambique
Authors: Balsinhas A. A.
Published: July 2015

Based on a botanical survey of Chibuto, Chemba, Namapa, Nampula and Mutuali, a table of 120 of the most common weeds of cotton and fallow fields in Mozambique is presented. After considering the factors which affect the flora of these zones, the successional weed vegetation is described and the principal species are enumerated. Finally, the dangers of infestation (shrubby weeds in alluvial zones) and the utilization of the weed flora in other zones of the country are described.
FLORA REPORTS: THE PRETORIA FLORA
Authors: Leistner O. A.
Published: July 2015

THE PRETORIA FLORA
Flora reports
Authors: Polhill R. M.
Published: July 2015

FLORA OF TROPICAL EAST AFRICA
Notes on the genus Rubus in southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

The species Rubus ludwigii EckI, Zeyh. is re-examined and a key is provided to the subspecies recognized, A new subspecies spatiosus C. H. Stirton is described. R. rigidus Sm. var. longepedicellatus C. E. Gust, is raised to specific rank, viz R. longepedicellatus (C. E. Gust.) C. H. Stirton.
Intensity of plant collecting in southern Africa
Authors: Gibbs Russell G. E. , Retief E. , Smook L.
Published: July 2015

The intensity of plant collecting in southern Africa is mapped using records from the Pretoria National Herbarium Computerized Information System (PRECIS), For the entire area, over 85% of the quarter degree grid squares have fewer than 100 specimens recorded. Collecting intensities are compared for different countries, biomes and climatic zones. Future field work from the National Herbarium will be concentrated in areas most seriously under-collected.
LAMIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  PLECTRANTHUS
MELIANTHACEAE
Authors: Tansley S. A. , Schelpe E. A. C. L. E.
Published: July 2015

TWO NEW COMBINATIONS IN MELIANTHUS
Distinguishing features of forest species on nutrient-poor soils in the Southern Cape
Authors: Daalen J. C.
Published: July 2015

Soils of the indigenous forest-fynbos interface in the Southern Cape were sampled for chemical and physical analyses and compared by means of anlyses of variance. Correlations among soil variables were investigated by subjecting the correlation matrices to cluster analysis. Soil data were compared with that of fynbos and tropical forest areas. Morphological and physiological features of the forest vegetation, such as evergreenness, sclerophylly, phenolic compounds in the leaves, mast fruiting (i.e. gregarious fruiting) and root mat, were correlated with the soil nutritional status.
Exotic woody plant invaders of the Transvaal
Authors: Henderson L. , Musil K. J.
Published: July 2015

The frequency and abundance o ;f exotic, woody plant invaders were recorded in 60% of the quarter degree squares in the study area. Sixty-one invaders were encountered o f which the most important and aggressive were Acacia dealbaia, Populus spp.,  Melia azedarach, Opuntia ficus-indica, Salix babylonica and  Acacia mearnsii. Invasion patterns are discussed and an attempt is made to correlate distribution with environmental factors. Attention is drawn to the areas of greatest invasion and the areas that are liable to show the greatest expansion in the future.
The genus Rubus in South Africa. II. Meiotic chromosome behaviour
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H. , Liebenberg H.
Published: July 2015

Meiotic chromosome behaviour in the genus Rubus is relatively normal Polyploidy occurs in both South African subgenera, i.e. Eubatus and Idaeobatus. The subgenus Eubatus contains plants tending mostly towards autoploidy. whereas the subgenus  Idaeobatus varies from autoploid, through segmental alloploid to alloploid. It is concluded that this apparent difference might be due to the study of a statistically insufficient number of plants and that alloploidy originated from imersubgeneric hybridization.
The plant ecology of the farm Groothoek, Thabazimbi District. II. Classification
Authors: Westfall R. H. , Van Rooyen N. , Theron G. K.
Published: July 2015

The vegetation of the farm Groothoek, Thabazimbi District, situated in the Sour Bushveld of the Waterberg,Transvaal, is classified according to the Braun-Blanquet method, using the PHYTOTAB-program package. Five major vegetation types with 18 communities are described with reference to the main environmental factors influencing vegetation composition and structure.
ARACEAE
Authors: Ubbink B. , Bredenkamp G. J.
Published: July 2015

A NEW RECORD OF ACORUS CALAMUS IN SOUTH AFRICA
FABACEAE
Authors: Schrire B. D.
Published: July 2015

A NEW COMBINATION IN TEPHROSIA
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XI. Penta­ meris longiglumis and Pentamerissp. nov.
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Pentameris longiglumis (Nees) Stapf and that of an undescribed Pentameris species is described and illustrated by means of photomicrographs. It is shown that the anatomical structure of the leaves of the new Pentameris species in particular, both transverse sections and abaxial epidermal scrapes, resembles closely that of species placed in the genus Pseudopentameris.  This anatomical resemblance is closer than that with any Pentameris species. It appears, therefore, as if transfer of this new species to Pseudopentameris is justified on the anatomical evidence and this indication must be followed up by morphological studies. Pentameris longiglumis shows close anatomical resemblance to P.  macrocalycina  (Steud.) Schweick. and  P. obtusifolta (Hochst.)Schweick. and should be classified with these taxa.
Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). XIII. Pentameris macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Peniameris macrocalycina (Steud.) Schweick. and P. obtusifolia (Hochst,) Schweick. is described and illustrated. The leaf anatomy of these two species shows many similarities suggesting a close relationship between them. A slight problem appears to exist with the circumscription of P. obtusifolia and a minor taxonomic adjustment may result in a classification which agrees totally with that based on leaf anatomy. This would result in details of the leaf outline being diagnostic for these two taxa. The nomenclature of P. obtusifolia is also very confusing and clarification is needed by reference to the relevant type specimens. P. macrocalycina and P. obtusifolia together with  P. longiglumis (Nees) Stapf, appear to form a distinct genus and do not bear close anatomical resemblances to either P. thuarri Beauv. or P. dregeana Stapf.
The genus Rubus in South Africa. I. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of species
Authors: Spies J. J. , Du Plessis H. Du
Published: July 2015

The geographical distribution of 14 of the Rubus species in South Africa is presented. Chromosome numbers of nine of the species were determined: six for the first time, one is confirmed and additional polyploid levels are described for the other two species. It is demonstrated that the South African species of the subgenus Idaeobatus contain less diploid specimens and more polyploid specimens than their extra-African counterparts. This phenomenon could be attributed to hybridization between the subgenera Eubatus and  Idaeobatus.
The Eriosema squarrosum complex (Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

Eriosema squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. has traditionally been the dumping ground for all densely pubescent Eriosema species in southern Africa. This study clarifies the identity of E. squarrosum; recognizes three new taxa: E. luteopetalum C. H. Stirton, E. rossii C. H. Stirton and E. umtamvunense C. H. Stirton; effects the combinations  E. latifolium (Benth. ex Harv.) C. H. Stirton and . acuminatum (Eckl. Zeyh.) C. H. Stirton; and re­instates  E. dregei E. Mey. The species E. preptum C. H. Stirton, described earlier, also belongs to this complex. Rhynchosia barbertonensis C. H. Stirton is given as a new name for E. rogersii Schinz.
COMBRETACEAE
Authors: Retief E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF COMBRETUM FROM THE TRANSVAAL
ERICACEAE
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF ERICINELLA FROM THE SOUTHERN DRAKENSBERG
PORINACEAE
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF PORINA ON LIMESTONE
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 5. R. rosea, a new species
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

A new species of Riccia, R. rosea Volk Perold of the group  'Squamatae', section  Riccia. subgenus  Riccia. is described. It is endemic to southern Africa and is characterized by large ventral scales with hyaline margins and reddish pink to deep rose-pink bases, and bv the light green dorsal colour of the thallus. fading to white along the margins and older parts. Fertile male plants have prominent hyaline ostioles. The spores are globular or subglobular and apolar. with 9-11 well defined areolae across the diameter.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 6. R. hirsuta, a new species, in a new section
Authors: Volk O. H. , Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Riccia hirsuta Volk Perold, sp. nov., the type species of a new section,  Micantes Volk Perold, subgenus Spongodes (Nees) Volk is described. It is characterized by tall, dorsal, hair-like, multi-cellular outgrowths from an epidermis with distant air-pores, leading to polyhedral air-chambers below, and is the only species in this subgenus with these outgrowths. The ventral scales are triangular, apically splitting into long, hair-like appendages. This species is endemic to the north-west and central Cape Province.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 7. R. congoana and its synonyms
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

R. congoana Steph. is described and illustrated.  R. rhodesiae S. Arnell.  R. nigrosquarnata E. W. Jones and  R. aegyptiaca S. Arnell are treated as synonyms under R. congoana.  R. congoana has a wide distribution in Africa,  ranging from Egypt in the north to SWA/Namibia and Transvaal in the south, and from Sierra Leone in the west to Tanzania in the east.
Numerical taxonomic studies in the subtribe Ruschiinae (Mesem-bryanthemaceae) — Astridia, Acrodon and Ebracteola
Authors: Glen H. F.
Published: July 2015

A numerical taxonomic study of three genera of the Ruschiinae (Mesembryanthemaceae) is presented. Seven species are recognized in Astridia. Four species are recognized in Acrodon and two new combinations are made:A.  leptophyllus (L. Bol.) Glen and A. duplessiae (L. Bol.) Glen. Five species are recognized in Ebracteola and two new combinations are made:  E. wilmaniae (L. Bol.) Glen and  E. fulleri (L. Bol.) Glen. This study is largely based on the cited herbarium material, and the characters used are mainly the following: dimensions of plants, leaves and internodes, number and dimensions of parts of flower and fruit, colour of petals, and colour, dimensions and surface structure of seeds.
EBENACEAE
Authors: Retief E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  EUCLEA FROM THE TRANSVAAL
The Indigofera filifolia complex (Fabaceae) in southern Africa
Authors: Jarvie J. K. , Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

The  Indigofera filifolia Thunb. complex, previously known as a widespread polymorphic species, is segregated into three species. I . filifolia is retained as a variable species and two allied species, I. gifbergensis C. H. Stirton J. K. Jarvie and I. ionii J. K. Jarvie C. H. Stirton are described as new.
Studies in the Ericoideae (Ericaceae). Y. The genus Coilostigma
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus  Coilostigma Klotzsch is presented which recognizes only two species,  C. zeyherianurn Klotzsch and C.  glabrum Benth. The genus belongs to the Ericaceae — Ericoideae and is endemic in the southern and eastern Cape Province. Fundamental differences in the ovary complement have necessitated the recognition of two subgenera,  Coilostigma and Anomalosepala E. G. H. Oliver. Aspects covered include history, morphology, phytogeography, pollination biology and taxonomy.
POLYGONACEAE
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

A NEW VARIETY OF OXYGONUM ALATUM
TRAPELIACEAE
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  TRAPELIA (LICHENES) FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Authors: Retief E.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF ZYGOPHYLLUM FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA
Leaf anatomy of the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern Africa: the Villosa group
Authors: Ellis R. P.
Published: July 2015

The leaf blade anatomy of Ehrharta villosa Schult. f. var.  villosa, var.  maxima Stapf and  E. thunbergii Gibbs Russell is described and illustrated. These three taxa, constituting the Villosa species group, share a diagnostic leaf anatomy distinguished by the absence of a distinct midrib, adaxial semi-radiate mesophyll with the abaxial chloren- chyma palisade-like in arrangement, rectangular long cells and the stomatal apertures which are overlapped by four cuticular flanges projecting from the two adjacent interstomatal cells. These combined attributes characterize this species group, and the stomatal flanges are unique to this group in the genus Ehrharta Thunb. Microhairs are absent in  E. villosa but are present in  E. thunbergii which also possesses abaxial prickles and plentiful, rounded silica bodies not associated with cork cells as in  E. villosa. These two taxa can. therefore, be separated anatomically. Nevertheless, they share many features and are undoubtedly closely related and their classification in the same species group is substantiated by the anatomical evidence presented in this paper.
Studies in the genus Lotononis (Crotalarieae, Fabaceae). 1. Three new species of the section Aulacinthus from the Cape Province
Authors: Van Wyk B-E.
Published: July 2015

Three new species of the section Aulacinthus (E. Mey.) Benth. of Lotononis (DC.) Eckl. Zeyh. are described:  L. comptonii B-E. van Wyk. L. dahlgrenii B-E. van Wyk and L. dissitinodis B-E. van Wyk. These species are related to L. gracilis (E. Mey.) Benth. and L. rigida (E. Mey.) Benth. and are all endemic to marginal fynbos areas of the south-western Cape. The section now comprises seven species.
Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 8. R. campbelliana (subgenus Riccia), newly recorded for the region
Authors: Perold S. M. , Volk O. H.
Published: July 2015

R. campbelliana Howe (1899), a rare species originally known from California and later from Georgia, Arkansas (Jacobs 1951; Wittlake 1954), Kansas and Nebraska (S. Jovet-Ast pers. comm.), as well as from Kazakhstan (Ladyzhenskaja 1967), has now also been found at a few localities in southern Africa. It is characterized by the distinctive yellow-brown or rusty colouration of the dorsal surface along the margins and over the proximal parts; enlarged cells, ‘idioblasts', which differ in shape and contents from the adjacent cells, are generally found in all parts of the thallus.
Solanum (Solanaceae) in Ghana
Authors: Bukenya Z. R. , Hall J. B.
Published: July 2015

Of the 22 species, subspecies and varieties in the genus  Solanum L. (Solanaceae) that occur in Ghana, about 15 are indigenous. In Ghana serveral members of the genus are utilized as food crops while others are put to medicinal and ornamental use. Up-to-date and detailed descriptions for all the Solanum taxa occurring in Ghana and a key to the species are provided.
PORPIDIACEAE: A NEW SPECIES OF PORPIDIA FROM THE DRAKENSBERG
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF PORPIDIA FROM THE DRAKENSBERG
The cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae): a serious herbarium pest
Authors: Retief E.
Published: July 2015

The herbarium pest Lasioderme serricorne (F.) is described and illustrated, and aspects of its life cycle and eradication are discussed.
The identification o f ‘Isicakathi’ and its medicinal use in Transkei
Authors: Bolofo R. N. , Johnson C. T.
Published: July 2015

A study was undertaken in six districts of Transkei. The object of this research was to identify and review the state of knowledge of plants used in the medicine known as 'Isicakathi'. Present utlization of the plants is considered.
The Oxygonum dregeanum complex (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Germishuizen G.
Published: July 2015

The Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. complex was studied. The following taxa are given a new status: subsp. swazicum (Burtt Davy) Germishuizen, stat. nov. and subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germishuizen, stat. nov. Four new varieties of subsp. canescens are described: var. linearifolium Germishuizen, var. nov.; var. dissectum Ger­mishuizen, var. nov.; var. pilosum Germishuizen, var. nov. and var. lobophyllum Germishuizen, var. nov. Two new subspecies are described: subsp. streyi Germishuizen, subsp. nov. and subsp. lancedatum Germishuizen subsp. nov.
BRASSICACEAE
Authors: Pienaar B. J. , Nicholas A.
Published: July 2015

HELIOPHILA CORNELLSBERGIA, A NEW SPECIES FROM THE RICHTERSVELD
OBITUARY
Authors: Grau Jürke
Published: July 2015

HERMANN MERXMULLER (1920-1988)
Arnell, Marchantiales, Riccia albolimbata, R. albosquamata, white scales
Authors: Perold S. M.
Published: July 2015

Arnell s (1957. 1963) inadequate descriptions, poor drawings, mistakes in the text and key. as well as mixed collections, have all contributed to the confusion regarding the identity of his species  R albolimbata and  R albosquamata.  Volk s collections (Arnell 1957) of the latter consist mostly of two white-scaled species in the same packet: one is  R. albolimbata and the other is R argenteohmbata Volk Perold (Volk  et al. 1988). Evidently Amell used characters of both plants to describe  R. albosquamata. although the type specimen.  Volk 452. consists of only  R albolimbata (plus fragments of  R atropurpurea Sim and  R. trichocarpa Howe).  R albosquamata is accordingly to be regarded as a taxonomic synonym of R albolimbata.
FABACEAE
Authors: Van Wyk B-E.
Published: July 2015

THE IDENTITY OF LOTONONIS ELONGATA (CROTALARIEAE)
FUSCIDEACEAE: A NEW SPECIES OF FUSCIDEA (LICHENES) FROM THE CAPE FOLD MOUNTAINS
Authors: Brusse F.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF FUSCIDEA (LICHENES) FROM THE CAPE FOLD MOUNTAINS
COMBRETACEAE
Authors: Carr J. D.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF COMBRETUM FROM NATAL
The vegetation ecology of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment in the Sabie area. 1. Physical environment
Authors: Deall Gillian B. , Scheepers J. C. , Schutz C. J.
Published: July 2015

The physiography, geology, soil and climate of a broad transect of the Eastern Transvaal Escarpment in the Sabie area are described. The transect extends from Hazyview (530 m elevation) to Mount Anderson (2 280 m elevation). The description provides a contextual framework for the subsequent vegetation classification.
Miscellaneous note
Authors: Barker N. P.
Published: July 2015

THE CARYOPSIS SURFACE OF PENTAMERIS AND PSEUDOPENTAMERIS (ARUNDINOIDEAE. POACEAE) REVISITED