bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistically downscaled CMIP6 ocean variables for European waters
Authors: Kristiansen Trond , Butenschön Momme , Peck Myron A.
Published: January 2024

Climate change impact studies need climate projections for different scenarios and at scales relevant to planning and management, preferably for a variety of models and realizations to capture the uncertainty in these models. To address current gaps, we statistically downscaled (SD) 3–7 CMIP6 models for five key indicators of marine habitat conditions: temperature, salinity, pH, oxygen, and chlorophyll across European waters for three climate scenarios SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. Results provide ensemble averages and uncertainty estimates that can serve as input data for projecting the potential success of a range of Nature-based Solutions, including the restoration of habitat-forming species such as seagrass in the Mediterranean and kelp in coastal areas of Portugal and Norway. Evaluation of the ensemble with observations from four European regions (North Sea, Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Mediterranean Sea) indicates that the SD projections realistically capture the climatological conditions of the historical period 1993–2020. Model skill (Liu-mean efficiency, Pearson correlation) clearly improves for both surface temperature and oxygen across all regions with respect to the original ESMs demonstrating a higher skill for temperature compared to oxygen. Warming is evident across all areas and large differences among scenarios fully emerge from the background uncertainties related to internal variability and model differences in the second half of the century. Scenario-specific differences in acidification significantly emerge from model uncertainty and internal variability leading to distinct trajectories in surface pH starting before mid-century (in some cases starting from present day). Deoxygenation is also present across all domains, but the climate signal was significantly weaker compared to the other two indicators when compared to model uncertainty and internal variability, and the impact of different greenhouse gas trajectories is less distinct. The substantial regional and local heterogeneity in these three abiotic indicators underscores the need for highly spatially resolved physical and biogeochemical projections to understand how climate change may impact marine ecosystems.
APPA-3D: an autonomous 3D path planning algorithm for UAVs in unknown complex environments
Authors: Wang Jintao , Zhao Zuyi , Qu Jiayi , Chen Xingguo
Published: January 2024

Due to their high flexibility, low cost, and ease of handling, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are often used to perform difficult tasks in complex environments. Stable and reliable path planning capability is the fundamental demand for UAVs to accomplish their flight tasks. Most researches on UAV path planning are carried out under the premise of known environmental information, and it is difficult to safely reach the target position in the face of unknown environment. Thus, an autonomous collision-free path planning algorithm for UAVs in unknown complex environments (APPA-3D) is proposed. An anti-collision control strategy is designed using the UAV collision safety envelope, which relies on the UAV's environmental awareness capability to continuously interact with external environmental information. A dynamic reward function of reinforcement learning combined with the actual flight environment is designed and an optimized reinforcement learning action exploration strategy based on the action selection probability is proposed. Then, an improved RL algorithm is used to simulate the UAV flight process in unknown environment, and the algorithm is trained by interacting with the environment, which finally realizes autonomous collision-free path planning for UAVs. The comparative experimental results in the same environment show that APPA-3D can effectively guide the UAV to plan a safe and collision-free path from the starting point to the target point in an unknown complex 3D environment.
Quantifying the consequences of unsustainable sand mining and cascade dams on aspects in a tropical river basin
Authors: Nguyen Binh Quang , Kantoush Sameh A. , Sumi Tetsuya
Published: January 2024

Human interventions at the river basin scale, such as sand mining and hydropower dam construction, have profoundly affected hydrological and hydraulic alteration regimes, sediment budgets, and morphological changes worldwide. Quantifying the consequences of unsustainable ongoing sand mining and hydropower is crucial for obtaining sediment load data and managing hydrogeomorphology. In this study, comprehensive long-term consecutive four-field monitoring, statistical methods, and hydrological models (SWAT) were applied to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in long-term discharge and sediment load from 1996 to 2020 for the tropical river of the Vu Gia Thu Bon (VGTB) in the central region of Vietnam. The SWAT model was calibrated from 1996 to 2010, validated from 2011 to 2020 and showed good performance for daily discharge and monthly sediment. The evolution of river bathymetric data (2010, 2015, 2018, and 2021) was analysed to clarify the upstream sediment supply trapped in the riverbed and how the sand mining volume was removed. The results showed that the mean annual sediment in the Vu Gia and Thu Bon Rivers decreased by 57.3% and 23.8%, respectively, in the postdam period compared with the predam period. The thalweg elevation decreased at the Ai Nghia and Giao Thuy stations from 2010 to 2021 by 1.8 m and 3.9 m, respectively. The water level decreased by 21.1% at Ai Nghia and 44.3% at Giao Thuy. Dam development, sand mining, and changes in land use are the main factors responsible for flow discharge and sediment morphodynamic alterations. Morphological change have increased the water transfer rate from the Vu Gia River to the Thu Bon River through the Quang Hue channel. Downstream of the Vu Gia River, water transfer and riverbed incision have decreased flow discharge and water level and increased saltwater intrusion in recent years. As a result, water shortages induced by saltwater intrusion during drought periods have emerged as a significant constraint in hindering the domestic water supply and agricultural production.
Study on the dynamic adsorption and recycling of phosphorus by Fe–Mn oxide/mulberry branch biochar composite adsorbent
Authors: Meina Liang , Qiao Mushi , Zhang Qing , Xu Shuiping , Wang Dunqiu
Published: January 2024

In this study, the Fe–Mn oxide/mulberry stem biochar composite adsorbent (FM-MBC) was prepared and fully characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, BET, and XPS. The solution pH (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0), initial concentration of phosphorus (10, 20, and 30 mg L−1), adsorbent bed height (2, 3, and 4 cm), and solution flow rate (1, 2, and 3 mL min−1) were investigated to analyze the breakthrough curves. The results showed that the breakthrough time was shortened as the initial phosphorus concentration, the flow rate increased and the bed height decreased. Higher initial phosphorus concentrations, flow rates, and lower bed heights, led to a faster breakthrough of phosphate ions in the FM-MBC adsorbent. Additionally, it was observed that increasing the pH value was not conducive to the adsorption of phosphorus by the FM-MBC adsorbent. Dynamic adsorption data were fitted to four models (Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Bed Depth Service Time), and the R2 values of the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models exhibited minimal variation, suggesting that the dynamic adsorption process of FM-MBC was rather intricate. The saturated fixed-bed column (including FM-MBC) was regenerated with NaOH or HCl, and it was found that a 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH solution had the best regeneration effect. XRD analysis showed that the reaction product between the FM-MBC composite and phosphate anions was Fe3(PO4)2·H2O. Moreover, the experimental results that FM-MBC can successfully be used to remove phosphorus from actual wastewater.
A numerical investigation of the behavior of a tunnel with adaptive anti-dislocation measures subjected to the action of fault dislocation
Authors: Bi Fajiang , He Xiao , Zhang Yanjie , Cui Zhen , Mei Xiancheng , Li Jianhe
Published: January 2024

In the context of long-distance cross-basin water transfer projects, the water conveyance tunnel serves as a pivotal component in mitigating regional disparities between economic development and water resources allocation. However, in high seismic-intensity areas of southwest China, geological complexities and densely distributed active faults present formidable challenges. Consequently, the construction of water conveyance tunnels necessitates traversing one or more active fault zones. This study examines the impact of an adaptive tunnel structure in the presence of fault dislocation, focusing on the Xianglushan Tunnel, a constituent of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project. Taking the Longpan-Qiaohou Fault F10-1 as a case study, we assess the influence of active faults on the anti-dislocation adaptive structure of the Xianglushan Tunnel, considering factors such as displacement, relative deformation, maximum principal stresses, and longitudinal equivalent internal force in critical tunnel sections. Numerical calculations validate the efficacy of this adaptive structure in reducing induced internal forces and deformations of the tunnel lining. The results show that, under the influence of strike-slip dominated fault movement, one side of the tunnel exhibits tensile stress, with a magnitude of approximately 5 MPa. The maximum normal and tangential deformation of the hinge joint is concentrated in the central section of the fault zone. The incorporation of an articulated adaptive design significantly enhances the stress state of lining under dislocation condition. These research results directly inform the engineering design and construction of water conveyance tunnels traversing active fault regions, providing valuable guidance for related tunnel construction endeavors.
The importance of educational tools and a new software solution for visualizing and quantifying report correction in radiology training
Authors: Salhöfer Luca , Haubold Johannes , Gutt Maurice , Hosch René , Umutlu Lale , Meetschen Mathias , Schuessler Maximilian , Forsting Michael , Nensa Felix , Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael
Published: January 2024

A novel software, DiffTool, was developed in-house to keep track of changes made by board-certified radiologists to preliminary reports created by residents and evaluate its impact on radiological hands-on training. Before (t0) and after (t2−4) the deployment of the software, 18 residents (median age: 29 years; 33% female) completed a standardized questionnaire on professional training. At t2−4 the participants were also requested to respond to three additional questions to evaluate the software. Responses were recorded via a six-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (“strongly agree”) to 6 (“strongly disagree”). Prior to the release of the software, 39% (7/18) of the residents strongly agreed with the statement that they manually tracked changes made by board-certified radiologists to each of their radiological reports while 61% were less inclined to agree with that statement. At t2−4, 61% (11/18) stated that they used DiffTool to track differences. Furthermore, we observed an increase from 33% (6/18) to 44% (8/18) of residents who agreed to the statement “I profit from every corrected report”. The DiffTool was well accepted among residents with a regular user base of 72% (13/18), while 78% (14/18) considered it a relevant improvement to their training. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of providing a time-efficient way to analyze changes made to preliminary reports as an additive for professional training.
Evidence of second-order transition and critical scaling for the dynamical ordering transition in current-driven vortices
Authors: Maegochi S. , Ienaga K. , Okuma S.
Published: January 2024

Dynamical ordering from a disordered plastic flow to an anisotropically ordered smectic flow induced by a dc force has been studied in various many-particle systems, including vortices in type-II superconductors. However, it remains unclear whether the dynamical ordering is a true phase transition because of lack of suitable experimental methods. Here, we study the response of vortex flow to the transverse force using a cross-shaped amorphous Mo$$_{x}$$

x

Ge$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

film. From transverse current-voltage (force-velocity) characteristics under various longitudinal currents, we find a change of the transverse response in low voltage (velocity) regions from a nonlinear to linear behavior at a well-defined longitudinal current that marks the dynamical ordering transition. We also find the scaling collapse of the transverse current-voltage curves to a universal scaling function, providing evidence of the second-order transition for the dynamical ordering transition.
Methane yield response to pretreatment is dependent on substrate chemical composition: a meta-analysis on anaerobic digestion systems
Authors: Anacleto Thuane Mendes , Kozlowsky-Suzuki Betina , Björn Annika , Yekta Sepehr Shakeri , Masuda Laura Shizue Moriga , de Oliveira Vinícius Peruzzi , Enrich-Prast Alex
Published: January 2024

Proper pretreatment of organic residues prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can maximize global biogas production from varying sources without increasing the amount of digestate, contributing to global decarbonization goals. However, the efficiency of pretreatments applied on varying organic streams is poorly assessed. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis on AD studies to evaluate the efficiencies of pretreatments with respect to biogas production measured as methane yield. Based on 1374 observations our analysis shows that pretreatment efficiency is dependent on substrate chemical dominance. Grouping substrates by chemical composition e.g., lignocellulosic-, protein- and lipid-rich dominance helps to highlight the appropriate choice of pretreatment that supports maximum substrate degradation and more efficient conversion to biogas. Methane yield can undergo an impactful increase compared to untreated controls if proper pretreatment of substrates of a given chemical dominance is applied. Non-significant or even adverse effects on AD are, however, observed when the substrate chemical dominance is disregarded.
Investigating hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery in multi-stenosed catheterized arteries under magnetic field effects
Authors: Hussain Azad , Riaz Dar Muhammad Naveel , Khalid Cheema Warda , Kanwal Rimsha , Han Yanshuo
Published: January 2024

This groundbreaking study pioneers the exploration of the therapeutic implications of a constant magnetic field simultaneously with hybrid nanoparticles on blood flow within a tapered artery, characterized by multiple stenosis along its exterior walls and a central thrombus, employing three-dimensional bio-fluid simulations. In addition, a magnetized catheter is inserted into the thrombus to increase the therapeutic potential of this novel method. The flow condition under consideration has applications in targeted medication distribution, improved medical device design, and improved diagnostics, as well as in advancing healthcare and biomedical engineering. Our investigation primarily aims to optimize blood flow efficiency, encompassing key parameters like pressure, velocity, and heat fluctuations influenced by diverse geometric constraints within the stenotic artery. Precise solutions are obtained through the finite element method (FEM) coupled with advanced bio-fluid dynamics (BFD) software. Hybrid nanoparticles and magnetic fields impacted pressure and velocity, notably reducing pressure within the stenosis. Convective heat flux remained uniform, while temperature profiles showed consistent inlet rise and gradual decline with transient variations. This approach promotes fluid flow, and convection within stenosed arteries, enhances heat transport, evacuates heat from stenotic regions, and improves heat dispersion to surrounding tissues. These findings hold promise for targeted therapies, benefiting patients with vascular disorders, and advancing our understanding of complex bio-fluid dynamics.
The Gompertz Law emerges naturally from the inter-dependencies between sub-components in complex organisms
Authors: Nielsen Pernille Yde , Jensen Majken K , Mitarai Namiko , Bhatt Samir
Published: January 2024

Understanding and facilitating healthy aging has become a major goal in medical research and it is becoming increasingly acknowledged that there is a need for understanding the aging phenotype as a whole rather than focusing on individual factors. Here, we provide a universal explanation for the emergence of Gompertzian mortality patterns using a systems approach to describe aging in complex organisms that consist of many inter-dependent subsystems. Our model relates to the Sufficient-Component Cause Model, widely used within the field of epidemiology, and we show that including inter-dependencies between subsystems and modeling the temporal evolution of subsystem failure results in Gompertizan mortality on the population level. Our model also provides temporal trajectories of mortality-risk for the individual. These results may give insight into understanding how biological age evolves stochastically within the individual, and how this in turn leads to a natural heterogeneity of biological age in a population.
A computational study on the effects of fast-rising voltage on ionization fronts initiated in sub-mm air and CO$$_{2}$$ gaps
Authors: Wong Timothy , Timoshkin Igor , MacGregor Scott , Wilson Mark , Given Martin
Published: January 2024

Gas discharge and breakdown phenomena have become increasingly important for the development of an ever-growing number of applications. The need for compact and miniaturized systems within power, pulsed power, semiconductor, and power electronic industries has led to the imposing of significant operating electric field stresses on components, even within applications with low operating voltages. Consequently, the interest in gas discharge processes in sub-millimeter and microscale gaps has grown, as the understanding of their initiation and propagation is critical to the further optimization of these technologies. In this work, a computational study of primary ionization fronts has been conducted, which systematically investigated the role of voltage rate-of-rise in point-plane and point-point electrode geometries with an inter-electrode gap maintained at 250 $$\upmu$$
μ
m and a needle radius of 80 $$\upmu$$
μ
m. Using the hydrodynamic approach with the local mean energy approximation, along with simplified plasma chemistry, simulations have been performed under positive and negative ramp voltages, rising at 50, 25, 16.67, 12.5, and 10 kV/ns in synthetic air and in pure CO$$_{2}$$

2

. Results on the developed electric field, electron densities, and propagation velocities are presented and discussed. Effects on the cathode sheath thickness scaling with voltage rate-of-rise have been additionally analyzed, the mechanisms behind these effects and their potential impacts are discussed. The work conducted in this study contributes towards an increased understanding of the gas discharge process, under fast-transients and nonuniform electric fields, with relevance to microelectromechanical, power, and pulsed power system design.
Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment
Authors: Johari Mohd Aidy Faizal , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Abdul Aziz Siti Aishah , Zaini Nursyafiqah , Nordin Nur Azmah , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Upadhyay Ramesh V. , Mohd Yusuf Shahir
Published: January 2024

It is well known in the field of materials science that a substance’s longevity is significantly influenced by its environment. Everything begins with the initial contact on a material’s surface. This influence will then deteriorate and have an extended negative impact on the strength of the material. In this study, the effect of natural weathering in tropical climates on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was investigated through microstructural evaluation to understand the aging behavior of the environmentally exposed MRE. To understand and elucidate the process, MREs made of silicone rubber and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles were prepared and exposed to the natural weathering of a tropical climate for 90 days. The MRE samples were then mechanically tensile tested, which revealed that Young’s modulus increased, while elongation at break decreased. Surface degradation due to weathering was suspected to be the primary cause of this condition. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the degradation of MRE was investigated as a function of morphological evidence. Upon examination through SEM, it was noted that the weathering effects on the morphology of the exposed samples showed distinct characteristics on the degraded surfaces of the MRE, including numerous microvoids, cavities, and microcracks. While these features were not prominent for the MRE itself, they bear resemblance to the effects observed in similar materials like rubber and elastomer. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to investigate the surface topography and local degradation conditions. This observation revealed a distinctive degradation characteristic of the MRE in connection to natural weathering in tropical climates. The surface damage of the MRE samples became severe and inhomogeneous during the environmental aging process, and degradation began from the exposed MRE surface, causing the mechanical characteristics of the MRE to significantly change.
Development of a neural network-based automated eyelid measurement system
Authors: Nam Yoonsoo , Song Taekyung , Lee Jaesung , Lee Jeong Kyu
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility and reliability of an automated eyelid measurement system utilizing neural network (NN) technology. Digital images of the eyelids were taken from a total of 300 subjects, comprising 100 patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), 100 patients with ptosis, and 100 controls. An automated measurement system based on NNs was developed to measure margin–reflex distance 1 and 2 (MRD1 and MRD2), as well as the lengths of the upper and lower eyelids. The results were then compared with values measured using the manual technique. Automated measurements of MRD1, MRD2, upper eyelid length, and lower eyelid length yielded values of 3.2 ± 1.7 mm, 6.0 ± 1.4 mm, 32.9 ± 6.1 mm, and 29.0 ± 5.6 mm, respectively, showing a high level of agreement with manual measurements. To evaluate the morphometry of curved eyelids, the distance from the midpoint of the intercanthal line to the eyelid margin was measured. The minimum number of divisions for detecting eyelid abnormalities was determined to be 24 partitions (15-degree intervals). In conclusion, an automated NN-based measurement system could provide a straightforward and precise method for measuring MRD1 and MRD2, as well as detecting morphological abnormalities in the eyelids.
Modeled foraminiferal calcification and strontium partitioning in benthic foraminifera helps reconstruct calcifying fluid composition
Authors: Jia Qicui , Zhang Shuo , Watkins James M. , Devriendt Laurent S. , Huang Yuefei , Wang Guangqian
Published: January 2024

Foraminifera are unicellular organisms that inhabit the oceans. They play an important role in the global carbon cycle and record valuable paleoclimate information through the uptake of trace elements such as strontium into their calcitic shells. Understanding how foraminifera control their internal fluid composition to make calcite is important for predicting their response to ocean acidification and for reliably interpreting the chemical and isotopic compositions of their shells. Here, we model foraminiferal calcification and strontium partitioning in the benthic foraminiferaCibicides wuellerstorfiandCibicidoides mundulusbased on insights from inorganic calcite experiments. The numerical model reconciles inter-ocean and taxonomic differences in benthic foraminifer strontium partitioning relationships and enables us to reconstruct the composition of the calcifying fluid. We find that strontium partitioning and mineral growth rates of foraminiferal calcite are not strongly affected by changes in external seawater pH (within 7.8–8.1) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, within 2100–2300 μmol/kg) due to a regulated calcite saturation state at the site of shell formation.
Generation of long-chain fatty acids by hydrogen-driven bicarbonate reduction in ancient alkaline hydrothermal vents
Authors: Purvis Graham , Šiller Lidija , Crosskey Archie , Vincent Jupiter , Wills Corinne , Sheriff Jake , Xavier Cijo , Telling Jon
Published: January 2024

The origin of life required membrane-bound compartments to allow the separation and concentration of internal biochemistry from the external environment and establish energy-harnessing ion gradients. Long-chain amphiphilic molecules, such as fatty acids, appear strong candidates to have formed the first cell membranes although how they were first generated remains unclear. Here we show that the reaction of dissolved hydrogen and bicarbonate with the iron-rich mineral magnetite under conditions of continuous flow, alkaline pH and relatively low temperatures (90 °C) generate a range of functionalised long-chain aliphatic compounds, including mixed fatty acids up to 18 carbon atoms in length. Readily generated membrane-forming amphiphilic organic molecules in the first cellular life may have been driven by similar chemistry generated from the mixing of bicarbonate-rich water (equilibrated with a carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere) with alkaline hydrogen-rich fluids fed by the serpentinisation of the Earth’s iron-rich early crust.
Introduction to the themed collection on ‘Molecular and Nanotheranostics’
Authors: Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: January 2024

Thimmaiah Govindaraju introduces the themed collection on molecular and nanotheranostics.
Hydrogen-bond regulation in organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for safe and high-voltage K-ion batteries
Authors: Xia Maoting , Fu Hongwei , Lin Kairui , Rao Apparao M. , Cha Limei , Liu Huan , Zhou Jiang , Wang Chengxin , Lu Bingan
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen-bond regulating organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte with immobilized H2O provides new insights into realizing high-voltage aqueous batteries without compromising safety.
One-step dual-additive passivated wide-bandgap perovskites to realize 44.72%-efficient indoor photovoltaics
Authors: Ma Qiaoyan , Wang Yousheng , Liu Liming , Yang Peng , He Wujie , Zhang Xing , Zheng Jianzha , Ma Mengen , Wan Meixiu , Yang Yuzhao , Zhang Cuiling , Mahmoudi Tahmineh , Wu Shaohang , Liu Chong , Hahn Yoon-Bong , Mai Yaohua
Published: January 2024

A one-step dual-additive strategy enables high-quality wide-bandgap perovskite films with efficient defect passivation, resulting in a certified record PCE of 44.72%, with a high Voc of 1.069 V, and an FF of 82.3% under U30 light.
Peanut oil odor enhances the immunomodulatory effect on immunosuppressed mice by regulating the cAMP signaling pathway via the brain–spleen axis
Authors: Wang Yijin , Wu Jianfu , Gong Ying , Wang Huiting , Wu Tao , Liu Rui , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Min
Published: January 2024

PL intervention significantly up-regulated the expression levels of cAMP in the brain, with subsequent transfer of cAMP to the spleen which promoted phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα.
Metabolome biomarkers linking dietary fibre intake with cardiometabolic effects: results from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health-Next Generations MAX study
Authors: Unión-Caballero Andrea , Meroño Tomás , Zamora-Ros Raúl , Rostgaard-Hansen Agnetha Linn , Miñarro Antonio , Sánchez-Pla Alex , Estanyol-Torres Núria , Martínez-Huelamo Miriam , Cubedo Marta , González-Domínguez Raúl , Tjønneland Anne , Riccardi Gabrielle , Landberg Rikard , Halkjær Jytte , Andrés-Lacueva Cristina
Published: January 2024

Three metabolites were consistently associated with self-reported dietary fibre intake in a one-year observational study. Predicted fiber intake, using these metabolites, showed a differential readout with relevance for cardiometabolic health.
Oral administration of LfcinB alleviates DSS-induced colitis by improving the intestinal barrier and microbiota
Authors: Liu Zhineng , Qin Xinyun , Nong Keyi , Fang Xin , Zhang Bin , Chen Wanyan , Wang Zihan , Wu Yijia , Shi Huiyu , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Haiwen
Published: January 2024

Oral administration of LfcinB improves the disruption of intestinal barrier function, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal microbial imbalance caused by DSS-induced ulcerative colitis.
Advanced nanozymes possess peroxidase-like catalytic activities in biomedical and antibacterial fields: review and progress
Authors: Ye Yunxin , Zou Jiyuan , Wu Weian , Wang Ziyan , Wen Siyi , Liang Zitian , Liu Shirong , Lin Yifan , Chen Xuanyu , Luo Tao , Yang Li , Jiang Qianzhou , Guo Lvhua
Published: January 2024

POD nanozymes for bactericidal treatment.
Mechanistic insights into the incorporation of higher alpha-olefins into acrylate copolymers via photoATRP
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Verma Akash , Tak Anuj , Saini Swati , Bhati Kapil , Rajagopala Rao Tammineni , Kumar Umesh
Published: January 2024

Visible light-driven SR & NI photoATRP with CuIIBr2/L yielded acrylate-α-olefin copolymers (Đ ≤ 1.13) incorporating up to 30% α-olefins. DFT revealed low activation energy barriers (14.3 kcal mol−1 and 17.8 kcal mol−1) for PCA2 and PCB2 formation.
Applications of amorphous inorganics as novel functional materials
Authors: Guo Zhengxi , Liu Zhaoming , Tang Ruikang
Published: January 2024

Amorphous inorganics have attracted much attention because of their long-range disordered structure with advantageous functional properties.
Synthesis of chitosan-based flocculant by dielectric barrier discharge modification and its flocculation performance in wastewater treatment
Authors: Wu Haixia , Shen Wang , Zhao Quanfa , Zhang Weiwei
Published: January 2024

As a typical type of organic flocculant, chitosan is limited by its poor water solubility and narrow pH range application.
New sorbent-based hydrophobic alginic acid derivatives for fat removal in multi-pesticide residues: analysis of a fatty food sample
Authors: Thabet Omar A. , Alenzi Fahad K. , Alshubramy Maha A. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: January 2024

Hydrophobic alginic acid derivatives were synthesized with eco-friendly ultrasoundassisted esterification using various aliphatic hydrocarbon chains for fat removal in an analysis of multi-pesticide residues in a fatty food sample.
Levofloxacin degradation in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton system with an FeOCl/MoS2 composite catalyst
Authors: Jia Xiaoning , Huang Jing , Zhao Xia , Wu Tong , Wang Chunxiang , He Haixin
Published: January 2024

To overcome the drawbacks of traditional electro-Fenton (EF) technology, such as acidic conditions (pH 3–4) and the extensive leaching of Fe ions, FeOCl/MoS2 composites were synthesized through a simple calcination method.
Determining the key vibrations for spin relaxation in ruffled Cu(ii) porphyrins via resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kazmierczak Nathanael P. , Lopez Nathan E. , Luedecke Kaitlin M. , Hadt Ryan G.
Published: January 2024

By using resonance Raman spectroscopy and temperature-dependent pulse EPR spectroscopy, we show that bond stretching vibrational modes > 200 cm−1 drive spin relaxation in planar and ruffled copper porphyrins.
High-throughput drug target discovery using a fully automated proteomics sample preparation platform
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zheng Jiangnan , Sui Xintong , Fu Changying , Cui Xiaozhen , Liao Bin , Ji Hongchao , Luo Yang , He An , Lu Xue , Xue Xinyue , Tan Chris Soon Heng , Tian Ruijun
Published: January 2024

We developed a fully automated proteomics sample preparation platform and a high-throughput drug target discovery workflow, achieving 10 times higher throughput than thermal proteome profiling.
An experimental and response-surface-based optimization approach towards production of producer gas in a circulating fluidized bed gasifier using blends of renewable fibre-based biomass mixtures
Authors: Viswakethu Chokkalingam , Pichappan Ramanathan , Perumal Prakash , Lakshmaiya Natrayan
Published: January 2024

Effects of process parameters on the energy efficiency of biomass gasification are examined. The highest energy efficiency is observed for a blend of biomass and air as a gasifying medium.
In situ photodeposition of loaded Co–MoSx for promoting visible-light g-C3N4 photocatalytic hydrogen production performance
Authors: Lei Yonggang , Ng Kim Hoong , Zou Chenyu , Chen Lejun , Lai Yuekun , Huang Jianying
Published: January 2024

The Co–MoSx can efficiently catalyze H2 evolution reaction under visible light.
Dynamic stabilization of nickel-based oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in the presence of chloride ions using a phosphate additive
Authors: Komiya Hiroki , Obata Keisuke , Honma Tetsuo , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: January 2024

The phosphate stabilizes Ni and borate maintains an appropriate pH for durable oxygen evolution, even with Cl−.
Atomistic picture of electronic metal support interaction and the role of water
Authors: Fusek Lukáš , Farnesi Camellone Matteo , Ronovský Michal , Kastenmeier Maximilian , Skála Tomáš , Kumar Samal Pankaj , Tsud Nataliya , Mehl Sascha , Škvára Jan , Dolák Tomáš , Uvarov Vitalii , Setvín Martin , Johánek Viktor , Fabris Stefano , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg , Mysliveček Josef , Piccinin Simone , Lykhach Yaroslava
Published: January 2024

Electronic metal support interaction in the Pt/Co3O4(111) model catalysts involves cation exchange yielding atomically dispersed Pt2+ and Pt4+ species. In the presence of water, these can be stabilized in the form of triaqua complexes.
A combined DFT and experimental study of NO by NH3-selective catalytic reduction over an Fe-doped CoAl2O4 catalyst
Authors: Wang Xu , Jiang Xiaodi , Xiong Wei , Wang Weiyao , Ouyang Taoyuan , Deng Yulong , Gao Wen , Cai Xiaoming , Cai Jinming , Tan Honglin
Published: January 2024

This research unveils the environmental importance of Fe-doped CoAl2O4 catalysts, enhancing low-temperature NH3-SCR for cleaner air quality and reduced emissions.
Probing host–dopant interactions in conducting polymers for improved performance of electrochemical deionization
Authors: Huang Hung-Yi , Tu Yi-Heng , Yang Yu-Hsiang , Chen Yi-An , Lee Wei-Lin , Wu Meng-Fei , Chou Ho-Hsiu , Hu Chi-Chang
Published: January 2024

A synergistic interaction between dopants and polypyrrole enhanced ion-transport capabilities and charge-carrier mobility, thereby contributing to high-performance ECDI systems.
Novel sunlight-driven Cu7S4/VO2 composite films for smart windows
Authors: Zhao Yong , Ji Haining , Ou Yangyong , Wang Yi , Chen Yongxing , Tao Jundong , Liu Bin , Lu Mingying , Huang Yan , Wang Junlong
Published: January 2024

A novel sunlight-driven Cu7S4/VO2 composite film was designed and prepared for high-performance smart windows.
All-inorganic copper-halide perovskites for large-Stokes shift and ten-nanosecond-emission scintillators
Authors: Haposan Tobias , Arramel Arramel , Maulida Pramitha Yuniar Diah , Hartati Sri , Afkauni Afif Akmal , Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Zhang Lei , Kowal Dominik , Witkowski Marcin Eugeniusz , Drozdowski Konrad Jacek , Makowski Michal , Drozdowski Winicjusz , Diguna Lina Jaya , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang
Published: January 2024

Demonstration of how rational design affects self-trapped emission characteristics and scintillation properties in mechanochemically synthesised caesium copper halide perovskites.
Unlocking the key mechanism behind field-induced ferroelectric phase transition in sodium niobate for energy storage systems
Authors: Hwang Woohyun , Soon Aloysius
Published: January 2024

The intricate phase transition dynamics of NaNbO3 under the influence of an electric field has been explored, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the irreversible transition from the antiferroelectric (AFE) to ferroelectric (FE) phases.
Three‐dimensional geometry‐based channel modeling and simulations for reconfigurable intelligent surface‐assisted uav‐to‐ground MIMO communications
Authors: Wang Muyan , Chen Xiao , Wang Sicheng , Shi Wangqi
Published: January 2024

Consisting of a large number of passive reflectors, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained traction as an approach to enhance communication quality. The specular reflection assumption is common when ideal conditions are considered. In this paper, an anomalous‐reflector model was found for each RIS reflection unit, deviating from the specular reflector assumption, and the impacts of the aperture area and radiation pattern of the RIS reflecting elements are taken into account. A three‐dimensional (3D) geometry‐based RIS‐assisted channel model is proposed for stochastic multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐to‐ground communications. The RIS is deployed on an additional UAV in the proposed model, which assists the UAV transmitter for reflecting its own signals to the mobile receiver (MR) on the ground level, thereby boosting the quality of signal transmission. In order to achieve a perfect beam alignment towards the desired direction, the reflection phase is regulated by considering the propagation distances among UAV, RIS, and MR.
Real‐world image deblurring using data synthesis and feature complementary network
Authors: Wei Hao , Ge Chenyang , Qiao Xin , Deng Pengchao
Published: January 2024

Many learning‐based approaches to image deblurring have received increasing attention in recent years. However, the models trained on existing synthetic datasets do not generalize well to real‐world blur, resulting in undesirable artifacts and residual blur. This work attempts to address this problem from two aspects: training data synthesis and network architecture. To narrow the domain gap between synthetic and real domains, a realistic blur synthesis pipeline to generate high‐quality blurred data is proposed. Since the blur is non‐uniform and has different scales and degrees, a parallel feature complementary module to fully exploit the local and non‐local information, which improves the feature representation and helps the network to perceive the non‐uniform blur, is developed. In addition, a spatial Fourier reconstruction block to facilitate correct detail recovery in the spatial and Fourier domains is introduced. Based on these two designs, an effective encoder–decoder network for deblurring is designed. Extensive experiments demonstrate the validity and superiority of the proposed blur synthesis method and deblurring network. In particular, the proposed deblurring network can achieve superior or comparable performance to Restormer, while saving 70% of network parameters and 53% of floating point operations (FLOPs).
Improving estimation performance of compressive sensing‐based multiple‐input multiple‐output radar using electronic beamsteering
Authors: Schurwanz Max , Mietzner Jan , Hoeher Peter Adam
Published: January 2024

Two‐dimensional direction‐of‐arrival (DoA) estimation in azimuth and elevation via radar systems equipped with uniform rectangular arrays (URAs) will play an important role in various application areas—most distinctively in future urban air mobility settings with unmanned aerial vehicles. A key factor is the fast and reliable provision of target detections in terms of range and DoA for safe autonomous operation of the vehicle using on‐board antenna arrays with compact installation size. The authors present a technique for improving the performance of DoA estimation using compressive sensing in conjunction with multiple‐input multiple‐output arrays with electronically steered beams in the transmit direction. The simulation study investigates the impact of different design considerations on radar signal processing performance. An optimisation of a radar system using electronic beamsteering in the transmit domain is presented numerically. Based on the architecture of the URAs used, performance and detection accuracy can be improved.
Development of English for Mathematics E-Module based on Flipbook Maker
Authors: Raupu Sumardin , Furwana Dewi
Published: January 2024

This research discusses the development of an English for mathematics e-module based on flipbook maker at Palopo State Islamic Institute. The purpose of this research is to produce an English for mathematics e-module product based on flipbook maker on basic mathematics material. This type of research is research and development (R&D) and applying 4D models (Define, Design, Develop, and Dessiminate). The results show that the final prototype of this development is an English for Mathematics e-module based on a flipbook maker in the form of an android application containing 14 materials accompanied by evaluation questions that can be used in the learning process at the Palopo State Islamic Institute. The feasibility of developing this E-Module is reviewed from the results of expert validation with a percentage of 87% of the category being very valid while in terms of practicality with a percentage of 89% of the category being very practical.
Intensity variability in stationary solutions of the Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Ramli Marwan , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Ikhwan Muhammad , Mardi Harish A.
Published: January 2024

Solitons that propagate in optical fiber with indexes of refraction, dispersion, and diffraction are balanced, making pulses or electromagnetic waves propagate without any distortion. This is closely related to use of nonlinear refractive index in fiber optics. If an optical fiber only uses a nonlinear refractive index, then the partial signal can be lost over time. This study aims to analyze the variability of stationary solutions in multi-solitons formed using Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger (FNLS). The parameter p indicates energy level of the solution to FNLS equation which has a positive integer value. This study focuses on 3 variations of p values, namely p = 0 which indicates the ground state, p = 1 which indicates the first excited state, and p = 2 which indicates the second excited state. During the first to second excited state, multi soliton peaks are formed with the same amplitude symmetrically. The amplitude experienced by the middle soliton in second excited state is lower which indicates the input signal obtained from the FNLS solution in the ground state in the form of triple-soliton. The polarization mode cause the soliton pulse width to shrink and the consequent amplitude in the first excited state to increase.
Analysis of needs for development of the internet of things virtual laboratory
Authors: Nadzirin Anshari Nur Muh , Purnamwati  , Amiruddin
Published: January 2024

Industrial Era 4.0 and Society Era 5.0 are eras in which educational institutions are required to prepare graduates who are ready to enter a more competitive world of work, but the facilities and infrastructure for practicum learning in Indonesian educational institutions are not optimal, including virtual practicum facilities, as can be seen from the availability of virtual laboratories, which is still minimal, especially in higher education institutions compared to educational institutions abroad. A survey on the implementation of practicum learning in the pandemic era at Halu Oleo University showed that 37% of the practicum was implemented and 63% of the practicum was not implemented because there were no supporting facilities for virtual practicum learning during the pandemic. This study aims to analyze the students’ needs for the implementation of the internet of things (IoT) virtual laboratory at Halu Oleo University. The analysis instruments include (1) IoT laboratory facilities; (2) IoT courses; and (3) learning processes and practica in IoT courses. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The results showed that 80.58% of the students strongly agreed with development of the IoT virtual laboratory as a means to support practical learning at Halu Oleo University.
Web-Based Student Academic Grade Processing Information System
Authors: Muis Mappalotteng Abdul , Fathahillah Fathahillah , Anas Punggawa Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The processing of student academic grades at UPT SMP Negeri 1 Binamu is still done conventionally with manual documentation, so that the grade processing process becomes less effective, less efficient and access to values in the previous semester is difficult, large document storage space is needed and the risk of losing documents. Therefore, a system is needed that can facilitate the processing of student grades and access to student grade archives then the system is tested to determine its feasibility. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Waterfall development model. The data collection techniques used are interviews, and questionnaires. The system implementation uses MySQL, Express, React, and Node.js technology stacks using the JavaScript programming language that implements the REST API architecture. System testing uses the ISO/IEC 25010 standard, namely functional suitability, obtaining a value of 1; performance efficiency, loading pages in less than 10 seconds; usability, obtaining very good results; compatibility, operating well; reliability, obtaining a value of 100%; maintainability, meeting standards; security, obtaining a level 1 (low) vulnerability level; and portability, operating well, so that the overall test shows decent system testing results.
Modeling the Flood Disaster in South Kalimantan Using Geographically Weighted Regression and Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression
Authors: Farida Yuniar , Refiana Nurfadila Monika , Keumala Intan Putroue , Khaulasari Hani , Ulinnuha Nurissaidah , Dianita Utami Wika , Yuliati Dian
Published: January 2024

The flood disaster in South Kalimantan is a crucial problem that needs to be addressed because the impact is relatively severe. So, this study aims to model flood disasters in South Kalimantan based on factors suspected to be the cause, including population density, rainfall, residential area, and forest area. This study uses two methods of spatial statistics, namely the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) methods. The weighting used is Adaptive Gaussian. The modeling results show that the GWR model is superior in explaining the causes of flood events in South Kalimantan, which is indicated by the highest coefficient of determination value of 95.62% compared to the regression and MGWR models. Nonetheless, the MGWR model can explain the causes of flooding in Kalimantan. The GWR and MGWR models show that the area that is vulnerable to flooding is Balangan District. The results of this study contribute to providing alternative information for disaster mitigation to minimize losses.