bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromosome‐scale genome assembly and population genomics provide insights into the adaptation, domestication, and flavonoid metabolism of Chinese plum
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Shen Fei , Chen Yuling , Cao Ke , Wang Lirong
Published: September 2021

Globally, commercialized plum cultivars are mostly diploid Chinese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.), also known as Japanese plums, and are one of the most abundant and variable fruit tree species. To advance Prunus genomic research, we present a chromosome‐scale P. salicina genome assembly, constructed using an integrated strategy that combines Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) sequencing. The high‐quality genome assembly consists of a 318.6‐Mb sequence (contig N50 length of 2.3 Mb) with eight pseudo‐chromosomes. The expansion of the P. salicina genome is led by recent segmental duplications and a long terminal repeat burst of approximately 0.2 Mya. This resulted in a significant expansion of gene families associated with flavonoid metabolism and plant resistance, which impacted fruit flavor and increased species adaptability. Population structure and domestication history suggest that Chinese plum may have originated from South China and provides a domestication route with accompanying genomic variations. Selection sweep and genetic diversity analysis enabled the identification of several critical genes associated with flowering time, stress tolerance, and flavonoid metabolism, demonstrating the essential roles of related pathways during domestication. Furthermore, we reconstructed and exploited flavonoid–anthocyanin metabolism using multi‐omics analysis in Chinese plum and proposed a complete metabolic pathway. Collectively, our results will facilitate further candidate gene discovery for important agronomic traits in Chinese plum and provide insights into future functional genomic studies and DNA‐informed breeding.
The Accuracy of Satellite Derived Bathymetry in Coastal and Shallow Water Zone
Authors: Tang Kelvin Kang Wee , Mahmud Mohd Razali
Published: September 2021

Precise and accurate bathymetric measurements are conventionally acquired by means of ship-based acoustic equipment. Nevertheless, recent multispectral satellite imagery has been utilised as a substitute source to map the seabed topography which indicates new revolution in hydrographic surveying. This study assesses the satellite bathymetric depth’s accuracy based on the vertical uncertainty as stated in the Standards for Hydrographic Surveys issued by the International Hydrographic Organization. Two empirical algorithms, namely, Dierssen’s and Stumpf’s approaches have been adopted to model the seafloor topography over the coastal and shallow water at Tanjung Kupang, Malaysia. The outcomes demonstrate a decent correlation between the derived water depths and the sounding values acquired from a ship-based acoustic survey. For instance, a total of 1,215 out of the 1,367 generated water depths by Stumpf’s model have hit the minimum standard of survey in S-44. Similarly, out of the 1,367 samples from Diessen’s model, 1,211 samples have met the minimum requirement listed in the survey standard. The results demonstrate both imageries derived bathymetry models convey promising results which can be ultilised for bathymetric mapping application. Therefore, this imagery derived bathymetry can be considered as an alternative bathymetric surveying technique to supply cost-effective solution and survey data to support the Blue Economy and Sustainable Development Goals 14.
Performance Measures of a Built Environment Multidisciplinary Research Journal: IJBES Metrics in a Review
Authors: Bandi Shamsulhadi
Published: September 2021

An assessment of IJBES's performance since 2015 was presented in this communication using metrics data from Clarivate and the OJS Report Generator. Raw data were analyzed for the purpose of reporting to readers on the journal's performance using performance metrics available to the editor. Key performance metrics such as submissions, acceptance and rejection rates, and citation trends over time were reported and presented to the reader. It has been observed that ensuring balanced content and continuously working on a niche are among the priorities of the journal. It is also necessary to attract relevant and quality manuscripts among the authors to increase citations in other publications. Despite everything, the journal, which is relatively young, was able to withstand the initial test of time and improve its visibility in the scientific community.
Gaya Kepimpinan Transformasi dan Efikasi Kendiri dalam kalangan Pemimpin
Authors: Mohd Hairuddin Hafiqah , Mohd Yusof Halimah , Abdull Rahman Rabeatul Husna
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between transformational leadership style and self-efficacy among leaders. Eighty leaders at a government agency in Johor Bahru were involved as the respondents. Quantitative methods were used for this study by using a set of 25-item questionnaires on transformational leadership style and self-efficacy. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) founded by Bass and Avolio (1992) was used to measure the transformational leadership styles, while the self-efficacy scale developed by Chen, Gully and Eden (2001) were used to measure the respondents’ self-efficacy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferences by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Overall, the results showed that the transformational leadership style among the respondent is at moderate level. The findings also showed that the respondents' self-efficacy level is high. Meanwhile, the Pearson Correlation analysis showed that there is a moderate and positive relationship between the transformational leadership style and leader’s self-efficacy. In conclusion, it was found that the transformational leadership style is related to leader’s self-efficacy. This findings from this research can be used as an empirical support for future studies in the leadership and self-efficacy field among leaders in government agencies di Malaysia.
The Anxiety In Facing Retirement For Indonesian National Army Soldiers
Authors: Handayani Agustin , Kuncoro Joko
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research is to discover the correlation between anxiety level of retirement and self-adaptation, social support, years of service and age on Indonesian National Army Soldiers at Kodim (Military District Command). This research used a quantitative research method carried out on 97 soldiers at Kodim. The sampling method used cluster random sampling. This research used three measurement scales. The anxiety of retirement scale consisted of 23 items with the coefficient correlation starts from 0.377-0.653 and a reliability coefficient of 0.723. The social support scale consisted of 29 items with a coefficient correlation starts from 0.369–0.775 and a reliability coefficient of 0.936. The self-adjustment scale consisted of 40 items with a coefficient correlation starts from 0.325-0.249 and a reliability coefficient of 0.959. There are five models to be analyzed in this study, using regression analysis of two predictors and partial correlation with the assistance of SPSS version 19.0. The results of the analysis of the model 1 (social support, adjustment and anxiety), model 2 (social support, adjustment, word period and anxiety), model 3 (social support, adjustment, age and anxiety) and model 4 (social support, adjustment, age, years of service and anxiety) show a significant correlation between all variables tested. Hypothesis 1 to 4 are accepted. Meanwhile, the result of the hypothesis model 5 (years of service, age and anxiety) shows that there is no correlation between all variables tested. Fifth hypothesis is rejected.
Relationship of Adaptation and Homesickness in Rantau Students in Faculty of Psychology of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto University
Authors: Khoerunnisa Elfrida , Grafiyana Gisella Arnis
Published: September 2021

Today, many students use the term homesick to describe their situation when they miss their family, are sick, or feel uncomfortable with the situation in their new environment. One emergence of homesickness is a poor adaptation of the student in the new environment. A good adaptation will help the individual create a sense of comfort and happiness in his new environment. This study aims to examine the relationship between adaptation and homesickness in rantau students. The subjects in this study selected by the criteria were rantau students from Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, living in boarding houses around campus and not having relatives in Purwokerto with total 35 respondents. This research used quantitative method and for collecting the data using adaptations scales of Archer et al.'s Homesickness Questionnaire and Behavioral Adaptation owned by Umdatun Watsiqoh. The results of the correlation test of the two variables, it shows that there is no correlation between adaptation and homesickness. The correlation of adaptation and homesickness has a negative relationship or inversely related to the correlation coefficient value of -0.086, but the relationship was not proven significant because the significance value obtained (p > 0,05).
A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Pattern on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Kamalulil Errna Nadhirah , Panatik Siti Aisyah
Published: September 2021

This paper reports an analysis of publications of scholars around the world in psychological well-being in the subject area of psychology. The study uses a bibliometric approach that explores patterns in global psychological well-being research, published from 1962 to 2018. The research patterns are focused on outputs of publications, co-authorships among authors and affiliated countries as well as co-occurrences of author keywords. 928 bibliographic records were retrieved from Scopus database. The findings illustrate global researchers have significantly enhanced their impact, particularly since the period of 2007 onwards. 63% of the total global publications is published by scholars from the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom, followed by the other 63 countries/territories. Besides, top 10 productive universities were from the first three leading countries and nine of it were amongst the top 100 universities in the world. This study indicates that global scholars have made significant contributions to global psychological well-being study.
Fear Of Success in Women Working with The Banyumas Cultural Approach
Authors: Faturahman Hilal Akbar , Dwiyanti Retno
Published: September 2021

Indonesia has a variety of cultures in each region. Javanese culture in general namely konco wingking and the Banyumas culture which is one of the parts of Java, namely cablaka, it contributes to the development of women careers because there are contradictions between the two cultures. This systematic review aims to examine the fear of success in women working with the Banyumas cultural approach. The inclusion and exclusion criteria like data that used in 2009-2019 time frame, data obtained from the site https://scholar.google.co.id, the data that used is related to fear of success, cablaka, and Javanese women. Based on the results of the literature review, it is understood that fear of success is an obstacle to women career development because of the fear of negative results obtained (loss of femininity, loss of social self-esteem, and loss of social rejection). Women who experience fear of success blame the culture as a set of internal hope. Javanese women has culture, the name is konco wingking. It is a caste differentiate between women and men, where men have a higher position. Cablaka culture is a culture of the spontaneity of the Banyumas community towards everything that happens in plain sight without being covered up. The orientation of Banyumas cultural values shows that there are five Banyumas human relations with the meaning of life, work, time, nature, and fellow humans.
Art Therapy for Adjustment Disorders in Adolescent with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Oclaudya Karina , Sulistyarini Rr Indah Ria
Published: September 2021

This study presents an experimental Single Case-Single Subject ABA design of a 17-year-old female patient suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) who experience adjustment disorders. The purpose of this study is to reduce adjustment disorders in the patient with SLE and pulmonary TB by using art therapy. The assessment methods are observation, interviews, and psychological testing tools. Data analysis was carried out using the qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis is performed using visual inspection by looking at the comparison of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) scores. Initial measurements using DASS showed a level of depression with a score of 26 (severe), anxiety score at 23 (very severe), and stress score at 19 (moderate). Art therapy is given as a therapeutic intervention for the patient. After the therapy was given, there was a decrease in the DASS score with a depression score to 20 (moderate), anxiety score at 19 (severe), and stress score at 17 (mild). The patient also felt moreable to express and control emotions more precisely. These results indicate that art therapy is one of the interventions that can overcome psychological problems in the patient with adjustment disorders.
Supportive Expressive Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Client with Burst Fractures Frankle - C
Authors: Ramiza Kiki
Published: September 2021

This article presents a case study of a client with burst fracture frankle-C. This client also has generalized anxiety disorder. Supportive expressive therapy was used as therapeutic intervention. A burst fracture is a type of traumatic spinal injury in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load. The psychological problems often experienced by persons with body disabilities, such as burst fracture francle-C. This is a quantitative research with a single client. While collecting the data, used interview methods (autoanamnesa and alloanamnesa), observation, and psychological tests (DAP, BAUM, BAI, and Sack’s Sentence Completion Test). The result before the practitioner gives the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the client’s anxiety is 20 (moderate anxiety), after intervention 15 (mild anxiety), and follow up 11 (mild anxiety). In addition, the client is also better able to understand his condition and the problems being faced. The catharsis process that has happened so far makes the client able to express what he feels and thinks so as to make the client feel the perceived burden is reduced. Clients can begin to open up to family members at home and conduct simple chats when parents are at home to reduce the habit of repression that was previously done. The technique and also the process of the therapeutic process along the therapy session will be discussed in detail.
The Influence of Stream Selection with the Interest, Attitude and Perception of Form Three Students on Physics Subjects/ Pengaruh Pemilihan Aliran dengan Minat, Sikap Dan Persepsi Pelajar Tingkatan Tiga Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Fizik
Authors: Khamis Noorzana , Phang Fatin Aliah
Published: September 2021

The decline in the percentage of students into science streams and subsequently taking physics subjects is a critical issue in the country. This study aims to identify the level of interest, attitude, and perception of Form 3 students in learning Physics and the influence of these variables on the post Form 3 stream enrolment selection. A total of 112 students in the district of Johor Bahru responded to a set of questionnaires on students’ interests, attitudes, and perceptions towards physics. The validity and reliability of the instrument were analyzed using Rasch model analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were computed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 15.0 software to determine the means, standard deviations and t-test results. Results show that the level of students’ interest in Physics is moderate (mean = 3.52, SD = 0.64), while the level of students’ attitudes toward Physics is high (mean = 3.89, SD = 0.67) and the students' perceptions on the teaching and learning of Physics is also high (mean = 3.80, SD = 0.60). There are significant differences between the stream selection with interest, attitude, and perception on Physics (interest (t=5.135), attitude (t=4.798) and perception (t=3.664)). Therefore, the research findings show that these variables influence the Form 3 students' stream selection in Form 4. This shows that students' involvement in science and physics can reach a 60:40 ratio for science to non-science, with higher interest, positive attitudes and perceptions towards physics.
Evaluation of Housing Quality in a Selected Urban Fringe of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Ayodeji , Ajayi Aderonke
Published: September 2021

Globally, a lot of research efforts have been put into investigating housing quality in urban areas, but little is known about housing situation in the urban fringes of developing nations. This article examines the factors influencing residents’ satisfaction with housing quality in Oke-Andi, an urban fringe in Kwara State, Nigeria. The research design for this study was quantitative in nature. Sampling was carried out at different stages during the field exercise. A preliminary survey of Oke-Andi in Ilorin through satellite imageries and reconnaissance revealed an approximate population of 593 buildings. From this, a 20% sample size, approximated to 120 buildings were randomly sampled and considered reasonable for the study. Using the housing quality criteria drawn from previous contextual studies, validated and pretested structured questionnaires were used to elicit data on respondents’ satisfaction with their dwelling unit, building unit, and neighbourhood quality. Information on residents’ socio-economic characteristics was also collected. From each selected building, a copy of the questionnaire was administered on the household heads or adult representatives. At the end of the survey, 120 questionnaires were administered, but only 100 were subsequently retrieved for data analysis. Simple frequency tables and Principal Component Analysis were used for the analysis of collected data. The result of PCA shows neighbourhood attributes, public utilities and building conditions as the factors influencing residents’ satisfaction with housing quality. The study recommends community driven urban renewal schemes for redevelopment, rehabilitation and upgrading of the quality of urban fringes.
Effect of an Axially Tilted Variable Stator Vane Platform on Penny Cavity and Main Flow
Authors: Janssen Johannes , Pohl Daniel , Jeschke Peter , Halcoussis Alexander , Hain Rainer , Fuchs Thomas
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the impact of an axially tilted variable stator vane (VSV) platform on penny cavity flow and passage flow, with the aid of both optical and pneumatic measurements in an annular cascade wind tunnel as well as steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. Variable stator vanes in axial compressors require a clearance from the endwalls. This means that penny cavities around the vane platform are inevitable. Production and assembly deviations can result in a vane platform which is tilted about the circumferential axis. Penny cavity and main flow in geometries with and without platform tilting were compared in an annular cascade wind tunnel. Detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted inside the penny cavity and in the vane passage. Steady pressure and velocity data was obtained by two-dimensional multi-hole pressure probe traverses in the inflow and the outflow. Furthermore, pneumatic measurements were carried out using pressure taps inside the penny cavity. Additionally, oil flow visualization was conducted on the airfoil, hub, and penny cavity surfaces. Steady CFD simulations have been benchmarked against experimental data. The results show that tilting the vane platform reduces the penny cavity leakage mass flow. By decreasing penny cavity leakage, platform tilting also affects the passage flow where it leads to a reduced turbulence level and total pressure loss in the leakage flow region. In summary, the paper demonstrates the influence of penny platform tilting on cavity flow and passage flow and provides new insights into the mechanisms of penny cavity-associated losses.
Anodic Dissolution Behavior of Passive Layer During Hybrid Electrochemical Micromachining of Ti6Al4V in NaNO3 Solution
Authors: Tak Mukesh , Mote Rakesh G.
Published: September 2021

Titanium and its alloys are considered as difficult to cut material classes, and their processing through the traditional machining methods is a painful task. These materials have an outstanding combination of properties like high specific strength, excellent corrosive resistance, and exceptional biocompatibility; therefore, they have broad fields of application like aerospace, micro-electromechanical system, and biomedical. Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) is a vital process for the production of microdomain features in difficult-to-machine materials. The machining issue with ECMM for titanium and their alloys is the passive layer formation, which hinders the dissolution and causes stray removal. To overcome these issues, a hybrid ECMM approach has been proposed by using a diamond abrasive tool combined with ECMM. This study focuses on the detailed characterization of the passive layer formed using the hybrid approach. Through the use of abrasive tool, the abrasive grits scoop the passive layer by the mechanical grinding action, formed in microdrilling on the Ti6Al4V alloy to expose a new surface for further dissolution. The microholes were produced incorporating the abrasive tool and then compared by the holes created using a cylindrical tool (tool without abrasive). The taper and the stray dissolution of the microholes were also compared, produced at different applied potentials. The minimum average entry overcut and exit overcut of the hole were obtained as 29 μm and 3 μm, respectively, also a microhole with the lowest taper of 2.7 deg, achieved by the use of the abrasive microtool.
Design and Analysis of a Fully Actuated Cable-Driven Joint for Hyper-Redundant Robots With Optimal Cable Routing
Authors: Guardiani Paolo , Ludovico Daniele , Pistone Alessandro , Abidi Haider , Zaplana Isiah , Lee Jinoh , Caldwell Darwin G. , Canali Carlo
Published: September 2021

Cable-driven hyper-redundant robots have been adopted in many fields for accessing harsh and confined environments that may be inaccessible or dangerous for humans. The cable actuation strategy makes the robot hardware safer and increases the robot payload reducing its weight. In this paper, a novel design of a fully actuated cable-driven hyper-redundant robot has been proposed. This solution is a pulleyless design that decreases the mechanical complexity, allowing to have a compact arm diameter and avoid tension losses on the cables during the motion. Three different joint designs have been taken into account and experiments have been carried to study their performances.The kinematics for the n-joint robot has been formulated, and two cable routing optimization methods, based on a genetic algorithm, have been proposed and applied to a five-joint robot.
Structure Synthesis and Reconfiguration Analysis of Variable-Degree-of-Freedom Single-Loop Mechanisms With Prismatic Joints Using Dual Quaternions
Authors: Liu Kai , Yu Jingjun , Kong Xianwen
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with the structure synthesis and reconfiguration analysis of variable-DOF (variable-degree-of-freedom) single-loop mechanisms with prismatic joints based on a unified tool—the dual quaternion. According to motion polynomials over dual quaternions, an algebraic method is presented to synthesize variable-DOF single-loop 5R2P mechanisms (R and P denote revolute and prismatic joints, respectively), which are composed of the Bennett and RPRP mechanisms. Using this approach, variable-DOF single-loop RRPRPRR and RRPRRPR mechanisms are constructed by joints obtained from the factorization of motion polynomials. Then reconfiguration analysis of these variable-DOF single-loop mechanisms is performed in light of the kinematic mapping based on dual quaternions as well as the prime decomposition. The results show that the variable-DOF 5R2P mechanisms have a 1DOF spatial 5P2P motion mode and a 2DOF Bennett-RPRP motion mode. Furthermore, the variable-DOF 5R2P mechanisms have two transition configurations, from which the mechanisms can switch among their two motion modes.
Design and Validation of A Novel Planar 2R1T Remote Center-of-motion Mechanism Composing of Dual-Triangular and Straight-Line Linkages
Authors: Chen Genliang , Xun Yuanhao , Chai Yuchen , Yao Siyue , Chen Chao , Wang Hao
Published: September 2021

Benefiting from small incision and fast recovery, minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) exhibit great advantages in clinical operations. In such kind of surgeries, the remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanisms play an important role owing to their special motion characteristics. This paper presents the design of a novel planar RCM mechanism of two rotational and one translational degrees-of-freedom. In the proposed design, the mobility of RCM mechanisms is decomposed into one-DOF pure rotation and translation with a remote stationary point. The dual-triangular linkage and the Peaucellier-Lipkin straight-line linkage are introduced to achieve the remote rotation and translation, respectively. Inspired by the concept of virtual screw, a dual-helical differential-motion joint is particularly designed to generate the coaxial rotation and translation. A preliminary prototype is developed to validate the feasibility of the designed RCM mechanism. The experimental results show that the developed prototype is easy to control and of acceptable positioning accuracy, which manifests potential application in MIS.
Comparative Study on Thermodynamic Characteristics of Composite Thermal Insulation Systems With Liquid Methane, Oxygen, and Hydrogen
Authors: Xu Xiafan , Zheng Jianpeng , Xu Hao , Chen Liubiao , Wang Junjie
Published: September 2021

Composite passive insulation technology has been proved to be an effective method to reduce heat leakage into the cryogenic storage tank. However, the current related research mainly focused on liquid hydrogen (LH2). The thermophysical properties of different cryogenic liquids and the thermal insulation materials at different temperatures are significantly different, so whether the results related to LH2 are applicable to other cryogenic liquids remains to be further determined. In fact, the insulation technology of LH2 itself also needs further study. In this paper, a thermodynamic calculation model of a composite insulation system including hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), multilayer insulation (MLI), and self-evaporating vapor cold shield (VCS) has been established. The accuracy of the calculation model was verified by the experimental results, and a comparative study on thermodynamic characteristics of the composite thermal insulation system with liquid methane, liquid oxygen (LO2), and LH2 was carried out. The results show that the heat leakage reduction of the proposed system for liquid methane, LO2, and LH2 is 25.6%, 29.7%, and 64.9%, respectively, compared with the traditional SOFI + MLI system (1 × 10−3 Pa). The type of liquid and the insulation system structure has a relatively large influence on the VCS optimal position. While for a specific insulation system structure, the insulation material thickness, storage pressure, and hot boundary temperature have a weak influence on the VCS optimal position.
Forgotten but not gone: A heuristic literature review of sibling suicide bereavement
Authors: Royden Leah Jane
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: It is often said that Aotearoa New Zealand suffers from a “culture of silence” around suicide. The sibling experience, it seems, forms a silence within that silence. Suicide- bereaved siblings face what has been termed a “double loss.” Their sibling is gone, and sois their family as they knew it. Typically, they mourn both losses in isolation, the “forgotten bereaved.” Although Aotearoa New Zealand’s suicide rates are amongst the highest inthe developed world, there are currently no academic papers dedicated exclusively to the sibling experience of suicide loss. This has serious implications, as suicide-bereaved siblings experience significantly higher rates of mental illness compared to control groups even when pre-existing psychopathology, health problems, and social disadvantages are taken into consideration. In addition, their own risk of suicide has been found to double.METHOD: This heuristic literature review aims to clarify and summarise what research focused on the sibling experience of suicide bereavement has highlighted so far, drawing on the author’s lived experience to examine key themes of guilt, “unacceptable” anger, social stigmatisation, self-judgement, isolation, and the shattering of relational trust.FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS: Siblings cannot be expected to “seek” help, it needs to be offered—strongly and repeatedly. With this in mind, potential implications for mental health practice with suicide-bereaved siblings will be discussed, as well as broader social initiatives and areas in need of future research.
The best interests of the child: More questions about this construct?
Authors: Ainsworth Frank
Published: September 2021

In this article I examine the best interests of the child construct and raise questions about the utility of the construct. I also draw attention to Winnicott’s good enough parenting proposal as an alternative conceptualisation that addresses the issue of parental child-rearing capacity.The best interests construct that emanates from the US has been the dominant international child-protection paradigm for at least two decades. Associated with this construct is a focus on individual parental pathology and child-rearing deficits. Yet, family poverty is the dominant factor, rather than parental pathology or incapacity, that precipitates many child abuse and neglect cases. The question is, has the best interests construct, one that ignores poverty and social disadvantage, outlived its usefulness? This construct has certainly affected Aboriginal families and led, as evidence shows, to the over-removal of children from these families. A range of alternative interventions and a social model of child protection is then canvassed.
Politics of the mind: Marxism and mental distress
Authors: Ballantyne Neil
Published: September 2021

Book review
Feminine and Sexy: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis of Gender Ideology and Professional Cheerleading
Authors: Hindman Lauren C. , Walker Nefertiti A.
Published: September 2021

Since the 1970s, National Football League (NFL) teams have hired attractive women to dance in scantily clad uniforms as a means of entertaining their heterosexual, male fans—offering a reflection of hegemonic gender ideology in the process. In recent years, a handful of these professional cheerleaders have spoken up and taken action against gender discrimination. Yet, little has changed. This study takes a feminist critical discourse analysis perspective to examining how gender ideology is (re)produced in discourse surrounding the employment roles of NFL cheerleaders, contributing to the perpetuation of gender inequality in sport. Findings demonstrate that three distinct gender ideologies are (re)produced in the discourse, competing with each other to define meanings associated with NFL cheerleading employment roles. Additionally, analysis reveals that while NFL teams have made changes to their cheerleading programs in response to feminist critiques, discourse surrounding these changes continues to (re)produce hegemonic femininity.
Do we need a new science-policy interface for food systems?
Authors: Turnhout Esther , Duncan Jessica , Candel Jeroen , Maas Timo Y. , Roodhof Anna M. , DeClerck Fabrice , Watson Robert T.
Published: September 2021

Credibility, legitimacy, and diversity of knowledge are critical
Genome Assemblies across the Diverse Evolutionary Spectrum of
Leishmania
Protozoan Parasites
Authors: Warren Wesley C. , Akopyants Natalia S. , Dobson Deborah E. , Hertz-Fowler Christiane , Lye Lon-Fye , Myler Peter J. , Ramasamy Gowthaman , Shanmugasundram Achchuthan , Silva-Franco Fatima , Steinbiss Sascha , Tomlinson Chad , Wilson Richard K. , Beverley Stephen M.
Published: September 2021

We report the high-quality draft assemblies and gene annotations for 13 species and/or strains of the protozoan parasite genera
Leishmania
,
Endotrypanum
, and
Crithidia
, which span the phylogenetic diversity of the subfamily Leishmaniinae within the kinetoplastid order of the phylum Euglenazoa. These resources will support studies on the origins of parasitism.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Highly Adhesive Bacterium Acinetobacter sp. Strain Tol 5
Authors: Ishikawa Masahito , Hori Katsutoshi
Published: September 2021

Acinetobacter
sp. strain Tol 5 is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative bacterium with biotechnological and environmental applications. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Acinetobacter
sp. strain Tol 5, which has a genome size of 4,799,506 bp and a G+C content of 38.1%.
Complete Genome Sequence ofRhodococcussp. Strain W8901, a Human Clinical Specimen, Assembled Using MiSeq and MinION Sequence Data
Authors: Gulvik Christopher A. , Batra Dhwani , Howard Dakota T. , Sheth Milli , Humrighouse Ben W. , Lee Justin , McQuiston John R. , Lasker Brent A.
Published: September 2021

Rhodococcussp. strain W8901 is a Gram-positive, aerobic, mycolic acid-containing coccobacillus obtained from a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Here, we report on the complete, circular genome sequence obtained using Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION reads in order to better resolve the phylogeny of a rare pathogen.
Coding-Complete Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.25 Lineage Obtained from an 8-Day-Old Deceased Neonate
Authors: Alam Muntasir , Jahan M. Ishrat , Jahan Shafina , Blau Dianna M. , Rahman Afruna , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Hossain Mohammad Zahid , Gurley Emily S. , Arifeen Shams El , Rahman Mustafizur
Published: September 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 strain, hCoV-19/Bangladesh/icddrb-CHAMPS-BDAA02205/2021, obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from a deceased neonate from Faridpur, Bangladesh. The strain belongs to lineage B.1.1.25 (a Bangladeshi lineage) but contains some notable mutations similar to those in lineage B.1.1.7.
Change in the ophthalmoscopical optic disc size and shape in a 10-year follow-up: the Beijing Eye Study 2001–2011
Authors: Jonas Jost B , Zhang Qi , Xu Liang , Wei Wen Bin , Jonas Rahul A , Wang Ya Xing
Published: September 2021

Background

To assess prevalence and associated factors of changes in the ophthalmoscopic optic disc size and shape.

Methods

The case–control study included all highly myopic eyes (myopic refractive error ≤−6.0 diopters) and a randomly selected group of non-highly myopic eyes, examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001 and 2011.

Results

The study included 89 highly myopic eyes (age:65.0±9.8 years) and 86 non-highly myopic eyes. Reduction in ophthalmoscopic disc size (prevalence, high myopia: 30 (33.7%) eyes; non-high myopia: 7 (8.1%) eyes) was associated with non-circular gamma zone enlargement (OR: 19.4; 95% CI: 6.7 to 56.6; p<0.001) and disc-fovea line elongation (OR: 2.80;95% CI: 1.12 to 6.98; p=0.03). Disc size reduction was correlated with a disc diameter shortening in direction of the widest gamma zone enlargement (correlation coefficient r=34; p=0.01). The perpendicular disc diameter remained mostly unchanged, resulting in an ovalisation of the ophthalmoscopic disc shape. Enlargement of the ophthalmoscopic disc size (prevalence, high myopia: 22 (24.7%) eyes; non-high myopia: 4 (4.7%) eyes) was associated with circular gamma zone enlargement (4.99; 95% CI: 1.95 to 12.8; p=0.001) and high myopia (OR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.34 to 13.8; p=0.01).

Conclusions

Myopic axial elongation may lead first to a Bruch’s membrane (BM) opening (BMO) shift into the foveal direction leading to BM overhanging into the nasal intrapapillary compartment, development and enlargement of gamma zone at the temporal disc side, reduction in the ophthalmoscopically visible disc area and ovalisation of the ophthalmoscopic disc shape. In a second step, an axial elongation-associated BMO enlargement may lead to a circular gamma zone increase and, due to the retraction of BM at the nasal disc border, to an enlargement of the ophthalmoscopically visible optic disc.
How are mathematical models and results from mathematical models of vaccine-preventable diseases used, or not, by global health organisations?
Authors: Christen Paula , Conteh Lesong
Published: September 2021

While epidemiological and economic evidence has the potential to provide answers to questions, guide complex programmes and inform resource allocation decisions, how this evidence is used by global health organisations who commission it and what organisational actions are generated from the evidence remains unclear. This study applies analytical tools from organisational science to understand how evidence produced by infectious disease epidemiologists and health economists is used by global health organisations. A conceptual framework that embraces evidence use typologies and relates findings to the organisational process of action generation informs and structures the research. Between March and September 2020, we conducted in-depth interviews with mathematical modellers (evidence producers) and employees at global health organisations, who are involved in decision-making processes (evidence consumers). We found that commissioned epidemiological and economic evidence is used to track progress and provides a measure of success, both in terms of health outcomes and the organisations’ mission. Global health organisations predominantly use this evidence to demonstrate accountability and solicit funding from external partners. We find common understanding and awareness across consumers and producers about the purposes and uses of these commissioned pieces of work and how they are distinct from more academic explorative research outputs. Conceptual evidence use best describes this process. Evidence is slowly integrated into organisational processes and is one of many influences on global health organisations’ actions. Relationships developed over time and trust guide the process, which may lead to quite a concentrated cluster of those producing and commissioning models. These findings raise several insights relevant to the literature of research utilisation in organisations and evidence-based management. The study extends our understanding of how evidence is used and which organisational actions are generated as a result of commissioning epidemiological and economic evidence.
Evaluation of microalbuminuria as a prognostic indicator after a TIA or minor stroke in an outpatient setting: the prognostic role of microalbuminuria in TIA evolution (ProMOTE) study
Authors: Strain W David , Elyas Salim , Wedge Nicola , Mounce Luke , Henley William , James Martin , Shore Angela C
Published: September 2021

Objective

Transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and minor strokes are important risk factors for further vascular events. We explored the role of albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in improving risk prediction after a first event.

Setting

Rapid access stroke clinics in the UK.

Participants

2202 patients attending with TIA or minor stroke diagnosed by the attending stroke physician, able to provide a urine sample to evaluate ACR using a near-patient testing device.

Primary and secondary outcomes

Primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE: recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death) at 90 days. The key secondary outcome was to determine whether urinary ACR could contribute to a risk prediction tool for use in a clinic setting.

Results

151 MACE occurred in 144 participants within 90 days. Participants with MACE had higher ACR than those without. A composite score awarding a point each for age >80 years, previous stroke/TIA and presence of microalbuminuria identified those at low risk and high risk. 90% of patients were at low risk (scoring 0 or 1). Their 90-day risk of MACE was 5.7%. Of the remaining ‘high-risk’ population (scoring 2 or 3) 12.4% experienced MACE over 90 days (p<0.001 compared with the low-risk population). The need for acute admission in the first 7 days was twofold elevated in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group (3.23% vs 1.43%; p=0.05). These findings were validated in an independent historic sample.

Conclusion

A risk score comprising age, previous stroke/TIA and microalbuminuria predicts future MACE while identifying those at low risk of a recurrent event. This tool shows promise in the risk stratification of patients to avoid the admission of low-risk patients.
Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: a randomised controlled experiment
Authors: Wright Caroline , Williams Philippa , Elizarova Olga , Dahne Jennifer , Bian Jiang , Zhao Yunpeng , Tan Andy S L
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To assess the effect of exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms found on Twitter on adult current smokers’ intention to quit smoking cigarettes, intention to purchase e-cigarettes and perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes compared with regular cigarettes.

Setting

An online randomised controlled experiment conducted in November 2019 among USA and UK current smokers.

Participants

2400 adult current smokers aged ≥18 years who were not current e-cigarette users recruited from an online panel. Participants’ were randomised in a 1:1:1:1 ratio using a least-fill randomiser function.

Interventions

Viewing 4 tweets in random order within one of four conditions: (1) e-cigarettes are just as or more harmful than smoking, (2) e-cigarettes are completely harmless, (3) e-cigarette harms are uncertain, and (4) a control condition of tweets about physical activity.

Primary outcomes measures

Self-reported post-test intention to quit smoking cigarettes, intention to purchase e-cigarettes, and perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes compared with smoking.

Results

Among US and UK participants, after controlling for baseline measures of the outcome, exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes are as or more harmful than smoking versus control was associated with lower post-test intention to purchase e-cigarettes (β=−0.339, 95% CI −0.487 to –0.191, p<0.001) and increased post-test perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes (β=0.341, 95% CI 0.273 to 0.410, p<0.001). Among US smokers, exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes are completely harmless was associated with higher post-test intention to purchase e-cigarettes (β=0.229, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.456, p=0.048) and lower post-test perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes (β=−0.154, 95% CI −0.258 to –0.050, p=0.004).

Conclusions

US and UK adult current smokers may be deterred from considering using e-cigarettes after brief exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes were just as or more harmful than smoking. Conversely, US adult current smokers may be encouraged to use e-cigarettes after exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes are completely harmless. These findings suggest that misinformation about e-cigarette harms may influence some adult smokers’ decisions to consider using e-cigarettes.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN16082420.
Senior medical students as assistants in medicine in COVID-19 crisis: a realist evaluation protocol
Authors: Monrouxe Lynn V , Hockey Peter , Khanna Priya , Klinner Christiane , Mogensen Lise , O"Mara Deborah A , Roach Abbey , Tobin Stephen , Davids Jennifer Ann
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The assistant in medicine is a new and paid role for final-year medical students that has been established in New South Wales, Australia, as part of the surge workforce management response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligibility requires the applicant to be a final-year medical student in an Australian Medical Council-accredited university and registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. While there are roles with some similarities to the assistant in medicine role, such as assistantships (the UK) and physician assistants adopted internationally, this is completely new in Australia. Little is known about the functionality and success factors of this role within the health practitioner landscape, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the complexity of this role, a realist approach to evaluation has been undertaken as described in this protocol, which sets out a study design spanning from August 2020 to June 2021.

Methods and analysis

The intention of conducting a realist review is to identify the circumstances and mechanisms that determine the outcomes of the assistant in medicine intervention. We will start by developing an initial programme theory to explore the potential function of the assistant in medicine role through realist syntheses of critically appraised summaries of existing literature using relevant databases and journals. Other data sources such as interviews and surveys with key stakeholders will contribute to the refinements of the programme theory. Using this method, we will develop a set of hypotheses on how and why the Australian assistants in medicine intervention might ‘work’ to achieve a variety of outcomes based on examples of related international interventions. These hypotheses will be tested against the qualitative and quantitative evidence gathered from all relevant stakeholders.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval for the larger study was obtained from the Western Sydney Local Health District (2020/ETH01745). The findings of this review will provide useful information for hospital managers, academics and policymakers, who can apply the findings in their context when deciding how to implement and support the introduction of assistants in medicine into the health system. We will publish our findings in reports to policymakers, peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.