bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Pictorial Infant Communication Scale for preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ghilain Christine S , Parlade Meaghan V , McBee Matthew T , Coman Drew C , Owen Taylor , Gutierrez Anibal , Boyd Brian , Odom Samuel , Alessandri Michael
Published: May 2016

Joint attention, or the shared focus of attention between objects or events and a social partner, is a crucial milestone in the development of social communication and a notable area of deficit in children with autism spectrum disorder. While valid parent-report screening measures of social communication are available, the majority of these measures are designed to assess a wide range of behaviors. Targeted assessment of joint attention and related skills is primarily limited to semi-structured, examiner-led interactions, which are time-consuming and laborious to score. The Pictorial Infant Communication Scale is an efficient parent-report measure of joint attention that can be used as a complement to structured assessments in fully characterizing early social communication development. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Pictorial Infant Communication Scale. Results revealed a high degree of internal consistency and strong intercorrelations between subscales. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model of joint attention. Furthermore, significant correlations between the Pictorial Infant Communication Scale and direct clinical measures of child joint attention, language skills, and autism spectrum disorder symptom severity were suggestive of concurrent validity. Findings suggest that the Pictorial Infant Communication Scale is a promising tool for measuring joint attention skills in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder.
Comparison of nutritional status between children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children in the Mediterranean Region (Valencia, Spain)
Authors: Marí-Bauset Salvador , Llopis-González Agustín , Zazpe Itziar , Marí-Sanchis Amelia , Morales Suárez-Varela Maria
Published: May 2016

This case-control study investigated nutrient intake, healthy eating index with 10 items on foods and nutrients, on 3-day food diaries and anthropometric measurements in 105 children with autism spectrum disorder and 495 typically developing children (6–9 years) in Valencia (Spain). Children with autism spectrum disorder were at a higher risk for underweight, eating more legumes, vegetables, fiber, and some micronutrients (traditional Mediterranean diet) but fewer dairy and cereal products, and less iodine, sodium, and calcium than their typically developing peers. Differences existed in total energy intake but healthy eating index and food variety score differences were not significant. Autism spectrum disorder group failed to meet dietary recommendations for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, or calcium. Risk of inadequate intake of fiber, vitamin E, and sodium was lower in children with autism spectrum disorder than typically developing children. Results suggest that (1) risk of inadequate intake of some micronutrients in children with autism spectrum disorder and (2) cultural patterns and environment may influence food intake and anthropometric characteristics in autism spectrum disorder. Primary care should include anthropometric and nutritional surveillance in this population to identify intervention on a case-by-case basis. Future research should explore dietary patterns and anthropometric characteristics in different autism spectrum disorder populations in other countries, enhancing our understanding of the disorder’s impact.
Campaigns, Digital Media, and Mobilization in India
Authors: Neyazi Taberez Ahmed , Kumar Anup , Semetko Holli A.
Published: May 2016

Early research in western contexts finds evidence of online participation leading to political engagement. We test this hypothesis in a nonwestern campaign context. We discuss India’s complex “hybrid media system,” political parties, leaders, and issues in the 2014 national election that saw more use of digital information channels by all parties, and more so by the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the young Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) than the incumbent Indian National Congress (INC). We hypothesize that online engagement and, specifically, sharing of campaign information is a significant predictor of political engagement in the campaigns of each of these three parties. Our dependent variable is a scale of engagement in campaign activities. Independent variables include campaign interest, issue salience, exposure to outdoor party publicity, attention to political information in various traditional media, party contact and sharing information with others (both measured face-to-face and electronically), and controlling for age, gender, and education. Our models, based on survey data from Delhi, Bengaluru, and Mumbai, show that party contact, sharing campaign information, and campaign interest are significant predictors of engagement while the other items vary in terms of significance.
Adaptation of Distributed Leadership Scale into Turkish: The Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Ersozlu Alpay , Ulusoy Tarik
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to adapt “Distributed Leadership Scale” originally developed by Davis into Turkish Language. A total of 386 participants including teachers employed in high schools in Tokat participated in the study. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to test the structural validity of the scale. EFA results illustrated that adapted scale consisted of seven factors. In the light of the original scale form, these factors were named as “School Organization”, “School Vision”, “School Culture”, “Instructional Program”, “Artifacts”, “Teacher Leadership”, “Principal Leadership”. The scale consisted of 34 items and reliability coefficients for the subscales from .75 and .92. Results finally revealed that Distributed Leadership Scale-Turkish Adapted Form is a valid and reliable measurement tool to be used in describing the distributed leadership behaviors in schools.
Developing the Scale of Teacher Self-Efficacy in Teaching Process
Authors: Korkmaz Fahrettin , Unsal Serkan
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool which will reveal teachers’ self-competences in education process. Participants of the study are 300 teachers working at state primary schools in the province of Gaziantep, Results of the exploratory factor analysis administered to the scale in order to determine its construct validity, indicated that it has four sub-dimensions. In accordance with the results of confirmatory factor analysis RMSEA was measured .050 level fit index. The determined levels for GFI is found to be 0.88, whereas for AGFI, 0.85 for NFI, 0.94 for CFI 0.98 and 0.94 for RFI. Also, non normed fit index, (NNFI) has been observed as 0.97. Four dimensions of the scale which was composed of 23 items account for approximately 54% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency was counted .86 for the first dimension; .82 for the second dimension, .67 for the third dimension, .70 for the fourth dimension, and .92 for the entire scale. The scale, developed in order to measure teachers’ self-efficacy in the teaching process, proved to be valid and reliable based on the results of the related analyses.
Are validated outcome measures used in distal radial fractures truly valid?
Authors: Kleinlugtenbelt Y. V. , Nienhuis R. W. , Bhandari M. , Goslings J. C. , Poolman R. W. , Scholtes V. A. B.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used to evaluate the outcome of treatment in patients with distal radial fractures. Which PROM to select is often based on assessment of measurement properties, such as validity and reliability. Measurement properties are assessed in clinimetric studies, and results are often reviewed without considering the methodological quality of these studies. Our aim was to systematically review the methodological quality of clinimetric studies that evaluated measurement properties of PROMs used in patients with distal radial fractures, and to make recommendations for the selection of PROMs based on the level of evidence of each individual measurement property.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases to identify relevant clinimetric studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the studies on measurement properties, using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Level of evidence (strong / moderate / limited / lacking) for each measurement property per PROM was determined by combining the methodological quality and the results of the different clinimetric studies.

Results

In all, 19 out of 1508 identified unique studies were included, in which 12 PROMs were rated. The Patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) and the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) were evaluated on most measurement properties. The evidence for the PRWE is moderate that its reliability, validity (content and hypothesis testing), and responsiveness are good. The evidence is limited that its internal consistency and cross-cultural validity are good, and its measurement error is acceptable. There is no evidence for its structural and criterion validity. The evidence for the DASH is moderate that its responsiveness is good. The evidence is limited that its reliability and the validity on hypothesis testing are good. There is no evidence for the other measurement properties.

Conclusion

According to this systematic review, there is, at best, moderate evidence that the responsiveness of the PRWE and DASH are good, as are the reliability and validity of the PRWE. We recommend these PROMs in clinical studies in patients with distal radial fractures; however, more clinimetric studies of higher methodological quality are needed to adequately determine the other measurement properties. Cite this article: Dr Y. V. Kleinlugtenbelt. Are validated outcome measures used in distal radial fractures truly valid?: A critical assessment using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:153–161. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000462.
Imperial Apparitions: Manchu Buddhism and the Cult of Mañjuśrī
Authors: Chou Wen-Shing
Published: May 2016

This essay reconsiders the Qing imperial appropriation of the sacred mountain range of Wutai Shan through a study of three Manchu monasteries, Baodi Si, Baoxiang Si, and Shuxiang Si, built at the court of the Qianlong emperor between 1750 and 1775. Qianlong's consuming interest in the vision cult of Wutai Shan's resident deity Mañjuśrī is displayed in the building of the three monasteries, which were all modelled after famed temples at Wutai Shan. An investigation of the ritual, architectural, and artistic productions surrounding the three monasteries reveals the crafting of a distinct Manchu Imperial Buddhist identity centered on Qianlong himself as the apparition of Mañjuśrī at Wutai Shan.
Hestia and Eos: Mapping Female Mobility and Sexuality in Greek Mythic Thought
Authors: Konstantinou Ariadne
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This article focuses on the interaction of mobility and sexuality in the characterization of the goddesses Hestia and Eos. It discusses Hestia’s privilege of “centering” space and argues that it should not be connected to Athenian ideology of women’s “seclusion” in the oikos . The second part focuses on the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite and introduces the goddess Eos, the personification of Dawn, as a special instance of a mobile goddess who is also sexually active. The last section suggests a diachronic shift in the myth of Eos from the Archaic to the Classical period, which might be indicative of stricter social ideologies concerning female sexuality and mobility.
On the Hector of Astydamas
Authors: Liapis Vayos
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to set out, discuss and reevaluate the textual and iconographic evidence that may be considered (or that has been considered) as pertaining to the Hector of Astydamas. It aims to assess the relevance of each piece of evidence, to gauge the degree of probability with which it may or may not be related to the play, and to offer a handful of new hypotheses, including a few textual suggestions.
Early Gold Ornaments of Southeast Asia: Production, Trade, and Consumption
Authors: Demandt Michèle H. S.
Published: May 2016

abstract:
In the last decade a variety of gold ornaments have come to light through excavations and the illegal looting of Iron Age and early historical sites in Southeast Asia. Although these gold objects are personal ornaments testifying to an innovative local craft tradition that was partly inspired by foreign technologies and styles, their role in the interregional and long-distance exchange network of the early Southeast Asian communities has been rarely considered. This study of early gold ornaments brings together important gold discoveries on sites in Viet Nam, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, and southern China, and discusses similarities in production, consumption, and exchange. It further attempts to offer some new insights into sociopolitical and economic changes on a regional scale, and hopes to contribute to a longue-durée examination of trading connections across Asia. It is proposed that the first arrival of gold ornaments was closely related to the blossoming of trade activities on the terrestrial and maritime silk routes, and the political, religious, and artistic ideas that reached Southeast Asia from far-away regions such as the Greco-Buddhist and Hindu-Buddhist regions. Furthermore it is argued that gold ornaments were prestige goods and an essential part of dressing strategies through which changing elite identities were expressed.
Landscape Evolution and Human Settlement Patterns on Ofu Island, Manu’a Group, American Samoa
Authors: Quintus Seth , Clark Jeffrey T. , Day Stephanie S. , Schwert Donald P.
Published: May 2016

This study summarizes the impacts of geomorphological processes on human settlement strategies on the island of Ofu in the Samoan Archipelago from island colonization to permanent settlement in the interior uplands (c. 2700–900 b.p. ). Previous archaeological research on Ofu has documented a dynamic coastal landscape at one location, To’aga, on the southern coast. Using a new geoarchaeological data set, our study extends this assessment to a site on the western coast of the island. We conclude that although the sequence of coastal evolution is broadly consistent between the two areas there are also differences indicating that island-wide coastal evolution did not progress everywhere at the same rate. Using this data set, we record changes in human settlement patterns temporally correlated with coastal progradation—perhaps related to continued drawdown from the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand—and sediment aggradation. We suggest that coastal landscape change on Ofu may have been one factor in the expansion of the terrestrial component of the human subsistence base and the more intensive use of the interior uplands of the island. The timing of this settlement change was slightly earlier than elsewhere in the region, demonstrating the variability of human response to regional-scale environmental changes.
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg’s Idealism
Authors: Tester Steven
Published: May 2016

The eighteenth-century German physicist, philosopher, and aphorist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742–99) is well known for his objection to the substantial view of the self, but his thoughts on idealism and the relationship of his views to the positions of his philosophical predecessors are less familiar. I argue that Lichtenberg’s empiricism leads him to maintain a form of idealism according to which objects for us are only representations, and I show how this position relates to his linguistic idealism and his coherentist theory of truth. Seen in this light, Lichtenberg makes an important, if unacknowledged, contribution to the history of German philosophy distinct from later German idealism.
Why Recognition Is a Struggle: Love and Strife in Hegel’s Early Jena Writings
Authors: Barba-Kay Antón
Published: May 2016

I mean to show why the so-called struggle for recognition and ensuing master/bondsman dialectic from Hegel’s 1807 Phenomenology of Spirit were conceived as violent, rather than within a pattern of, say, cooperation, friendship, or love. I do so by examining the extant manuscripts, essays, and drafts in which Hegel experimented with different ways of articulating the themes of recognition, intersubjectivity, and mastery/servitude between 1793 and 1806. I show how those topics were first motivated within these early writings, offering an account of the considerations that finally led Hegel to prefer the Phenomenology ’s version to previous ones.
A Call to Action: A Blueprint for Academic Health Sciences in the Era of Mass Incarceration
Authors: Ferguson Warren J. , Cloud David , Spaulding Anne C. , Shelton Deborah , Trestman Robert L. , Altice Frederick L. , Champion-Lippmann Carisa , Thomas David , Taxman Faye S.
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Over 100 million Americans have criminal records, and the U.S. incarcerates seven times more citizens than most developed countries. The burden of incarceration disproportionately affects people of color and ethnic minorities, and those living in poverty. While 95% of incarcerated people return to society, recidivism rates are high with nearly 75% arrested again within five years of release. Criminal records impede access to employment and other social services such as shelter and health care. Justice-involved people have higher rates of substance, mental health, and some chronic medical disorders than the general population; furthermore, the incarcerated population is rapidly aging. Only a minority of academic health science centers are engaged in health services research, workforce training, or correctional health care. This commentary provides rationale and a blueprint for engagement of academic health science institutions to harness their capabilities to tackle one of the country’s most vexing public health crises.
‘Other than that, I’m Good’: Formerly Incarcerated Young Black Men’s Self-Perceptions of Health Status
Authors: Wallace Scyatta A. , Strike K. Sloan , Glasgow Yonnette Marcia , Lynch Kailyn , Fullilove Robert E.
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Black men are incarcerated at higher rates than men from other racial groups, and there are significant health disparities disfavoring Black men overall. Reentry from incarceration is an important time period for health risks. However, health studies among recently released Black male youth populations are limited. This mixed methods study examined perceived health status and health care utilization among recently released Black men ages 18–25 years. Qualitative interviews (N=20) and quantitative surveys (N= 170) were conducted. Qualitative findings described several health concerns, including chronic conditions. Quantitative results indicated most survey respondents rated their health status as excellent or good despite reporting having a health concern within the past year. Health status ranking was examined by how men felt vs. an objective measure such as a medical report. In addition, men indicated having problems finding health care since their release. This study may be beneficial for addressing ways to promote health and health care utilization among formerly incarcerated young Black men.
A Call to Develop Evidence-based Interventions to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infections in Juvenile Justice Populations
Authors: Gates Madison L. , Staples-Horne Michelle , Cartier Jeanne , Best Candace , Stone Rebecca , Walker Veronica , Hastings Beverly , Yoo Wonsuk , Webb Nancy C. , Braithwaite Ronald L.
Published: May 2016

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, are a significant health issue for young women (ages 16–21), especially African Americans with a juvenile justice history. Studies have found that 44% of young African American women have had at least one STI compared to 24.1% for all young women. The rate of STIs among young women with juvenile justice histories, particularly African Americans, is likely much higher than their non-detained peers. Yet, there are few evidence-based interventions (EBIs) designed specifically for the detained population. In 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Compendium of Evidence-Based Interventions and Best Practices for HIV Prevention listed few programs that comprehensively included components related to mental health, intimate relationships and high risk sexual behaviors that would be salient for a detained population. Further, many EBIs have had limited or no long-term protective effect. We propose that interrelated factors (mental health, substance use, trauma and intimate relationships) can effectively decrease risk and increase protective behaviors for the detained population most at risk.
Psychosocial Determinants of Health among Incarcerated Black Women: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mahaffey Carlos , Stevens-Watkins Danelle , Knighton Joi-Sheree’
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Black women are disproportionately incarcerated and experience worse health outcomes compared with White and Hispanic women. This systematic literature review aims to identify the major psychosocial determinants of health and service utilization among incarcerated Black women. The ecological model for health behavior was used to frame the literature presented and explain how individual, interpersonal, and societal factors affect health. Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria for this review. Psychosocial factors were identified at each level, including mental health problems (individual); sexual behavior (interpersonal); and dysfunctional/negative relationships (community). The factors interact in a dynamic relationship that influences the health and service utilization of Black women. Future research should examine within-group differences to highlight the unique needs and culture within the Black community in the context of psychosocial determinants. This synthesis of relevant studies can serve to inform change in correctional policies, practices, and help reduce health disparities.
Restrained Excess: Where Sophistication Meets the Grotesque
Authors: Graulund Rune
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Sophistication and the grotesque may not at first sight seem to have much in common. Yet as the notions of camp, decadence, and extravagance suggest, there are instances in which the grotesque intersects with sophistication and vice versa. Investigating sophisticated/grotesque phenomena like the exquisiteness of culinary disgust and the attractive revulsion inspired by freakish bodies, I probe the outer limits of the restrained excess brought on by the paradox that is the sophisticated grotesque. In this, I ultimately question what the grotesquely sophisticated can tell us about the transgressions of norms at either end of the scale of the refined and the vulgar.
Apollinaire and the Broken Wine Glass
Authors: Bohn Willard
Published: May 2016

Hired to tutor a countess’s daughter in French, Guillaume Apollinaire spent 1901–02 in the Rhineland, which inspired him to write a new kind of verse influenced by French Symbolism and German Romanticism. “Nuit rhénane,” composed during this period, has long delighted—and puzzled—readers of Alcools . Sitting on the bank of the Rhine, the poet listens to a mysterious boatman, whose song casts a supernatural spell over the river, the countryside, and eventually the universe. At the end, for no apparent reason, his wine glass shatters. This article synthesizes previous scholarship, analyzes the poem, and offers a new interpretation.
Between Appropriation and Representation: Aristotle and the Concept of Imitation in Greek Thought
Authors: Zoran Gabriel
Published: May 2016

Abstract: Imitation may be understood as either appropriating the imitated qualities or representing them. This distinction, which seems obvious, was far from it in antiquity. Plato almost systematically discards imitation: representing characters leads directly to assuming their behavior. Aristotle is the first to clearly separate these two meanings, regarding humans as developing from appropriative imitation to enjoyment of artistic representation. In post-Aristotelian writing that distinction is blurred again: artistic imitation is conceived as appropriation of classical literary models, which are deemed ideal representations of nature. It will be a long time before Aristotle’s clear distinction comes to life again in modernity.
Lyrical Sociability: The Social Contract and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Authors: Beenstock Zoe
Published: May 2016

Abstract: As a sociable being that is barred from society, Frankenstein’s monster presents a sustained engagement with a major dilemma of eighteenth-century philosophy: whether individualism can produce sociability. Through the bodies of the monster and his planned partner, Shelley constructs a dark allegory of Rousseau’s social contract theory, which draws on his use of the lyric in The Confessions . With its vague causality and tolerance of contradiction, Shelley suggests that the lyric provides a space for exploring the fractures, inconsistencies, and philosophical underpinnings of a social theory that protects individuals from each other instead of bringing them together.
Kitsch and Bullshit
Authors: Botz-Bornstein Thorsten
Published: May 2016

Harry Frankfurt defines bullshit as the misrepresentation of reality that remains different from lying because, contrary to the liar, the “bullshitter” does not try to deceive. The question, in the realm of art, is whether kitsch overlaps with bullshit as a sort of “aesthetic bullshit” or if there are differences between bullshit as a predominantly ethical phenomenon and kitsch, which works more with categories such as pleasure and indulgence. I will show that, given bullshit’s intrinsic link with the technique of embellishment, bullshit is as much at home in the realm of aesthetics as in the realm of ethics.
What Use Is Literature to Political Philosophy?: Or The Funny Thing about Socrates’s Nose
Authors: Robjant David
Published: May 2016

Readers of Plato’s Republic wildly underestimate Thrasymachus’s challenge if they treat it as a claim about “justice,” and in grasping Plato’s response it is dangerous to confuse his aims and methods with those agreed on by his characters. Plato’s service to political philosophy is not merely literary but comic. Plato’s drama exposes and ridicules the generalization from his own moral psychology at the heart of Thrasymachus’s political vision. Insight and comedy are born together, when a pig who theorizes a city of pigs answers the absurdity of a bandit who theorizes a city of bandits.
Imagining Uncertainty: Charles Olson and Karl Popper
Authors: Byers Mark
Published: May 2016

Abstract: In drafts of “The Kingfishers,” Charles Olson found that “uncertainty is the principle” not only of quantum mechanics but of public life. His amplification of subatomic indeterminacy into the passage of history bears comparison with the contemporary work of Karl Popper, from The Open Society and Its Enemies to the essay “Indeterminism in Quantum Physics and in Classical Physics.” Why did physical indeterminacy provide an historical paradigm in this period? And how did poets and philosophers bridge physics and the philosophy of history? Together, Olson and Popper reveal the high political and philosophical stakes involved in imagining uncertainty after 1945.
“Y vivieron infelices para siempre”: ilusiones románticas y desengaños realistas en Dos mujeres de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Authors: Guzmán Lucía Stecher
Published: May 2016

Abstract: The analysis in this article displays how Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s novel Dos mujeres (Two Women) undermines its own narrative structures and models. The format of serialized fiction, which appears to influence the character development and narrated events, is deconstructed through the author’s critique of marriage as an ideal destiny for women. In the novel, she challenges models such as “the angel in the house” and the monstrous woman, and advocates for stronger alliances between women. The ethics and aesthetics of literary romanticism allow Gómez de Avellaneda to explore the passions, desires, fears, and fantasies of the novel’s female protagonists, who are thus portrayed with complexity and ambiguity. Despite the importance placed on love as a path to fulfillment, the novel displays how women are condemned to a sterile existence by being prohibited from entering other spaces where they might seek development and fulfillment.
Embodied Sound and Female Voice in Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s Canon: romance 8 and El divino Narciso
Authors: Finley Sarah
Published: May 2016

Abstract: This essay examines embodied sound as locus of female agency in Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s reimaginings of Echo and Narcissus in romance 8 and El divino Narciso . I argue that these pieces draw upon the interstices of seeing and hearing as well as voice’s physical and pathetic effects in order to refigure women’s aurality as counterpoint to patriarchal visuality. Debates in acoustics, musica pathetica and the music of the spheres resonate in both works and lend insight into Sor Juana’s engagement with early modern sound culture. Vestiges of Athanasius Kircher’s encyclopedic musical treatises— Musurgia universalis (1650) and Phonurgia nova (1673)—are especially salient, and his influence upon sonority in Sor Juana’s poetic imagination appears greater than previously thought. Broadly, I draw out themes of musical and non-musical sound that previous readings marginalized in order to generate further conversation about aurality in Sor Juana’s canon.
Topografía y alegoresis en El primer loco , de Rosalía de Castro
Authors: Aseguinolaza Fernando Cabo
Published: May 2016

This article deals with the last of the novels written by Rosalía de Castro, El primer loco [The first inmate] (1881). From the perspective of a critical literary geography, it proposes an analysis of the referential logic that organizes this significant novel, which is very close in its conception and publication to En las orillas del Sar [On the banks of the river Sar], the last of the author’s great collections of poetry. The article specifically tackles the web of meanings underlying the choice of the key settings of the novel, Santiago de Compostela and the neighboring monastery of Conxo, both of which underwent processes of change related to deep ideological, social, but also spatial transformations that were current at the moment of the novel’s writing. These locations are conceived as products of discursive practices—produced places—allowing us to attend to them in terms of intertextual convergences and tensions among seemingly distant media like fiction, guidebooks, art history or painting and photography. Against this background, this article suggests a new interpretation of this often neglected work, which should be revised in the context of the Galician and Hispanic literature of the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
Obamacare: The Neoliberal Model Comes Home to Roost in the United States—If We Let It
Authors: Waitzkin Howard , Hellander Ida
Published: May 2016

As the Affordable Care Act (ACA, otherwise known as Obamacare) continues along a very bumpy road, it is worth asking where it came from and what comes next. Officially, Obamacare represents the latest in more than a century of efforts in the United States to achieve universal access to health care. In reality, Obamacare has strengthened the for-profit insurance industry by transferring public, tax-generated revenues to the private sector. It has done and will do little to improve the problem of uninsurance in the United States; in fact, it has already begun to worsen the problem of underinsurance. Obamacare is also financially unsustainable because it has no effective way to control costs. Meanwhile, despite benefits for some of the richest corporations and executives, and adverse or mixed effects for the non-rich, a remarkable manipulation of political symbolism has conveyed the notion that Obamacare is a creation of the left, warranting strenuous opposition from the right.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Orthodox Economics and the Science of Climate Change
Authors: Torras Mariano
Published: May 2016

We have finally reached the point where most people around the world believe that climate change is really happening. Almost a decade ago, the landmark report by Nicholas Stern sparked a fierce debate among economists, not over whether climate change was real, but over the costs of addressing it. In the years since, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published further alarming reports on projected future global temperatures, rates of glacial melting, and sea levels. Most recently, last December saw an unprecedented agreement by nearly 200 countries at the Paris climate summit to take steps to address the problem.… My concern here is therefore not to continue making the case for the reality of climate change, but instead to show how that reality is portrayed—and distorted—in the mainstream media, with behind-the-scenes assistance from orthodox economic analysis.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
The 3,000 Who Stayed
Authors: Fitz Don
Published: May 2016

Stories of Cuban medical accomplishments often note that half of the country's 6,000 doctors had left by 1963. But just as professionals were forsaking their homeland en masse for the comforts of Miami, 3,000 doctors chose to stay. Why did they remain? More important, the number of patients per doctor now doubled, how did they face the daunting task of transforming medicine? In addition to treating patients, their goals included expanding medical care to rural regions; increasing medical education to replace doctors who had left; making care preventive, community-oriented, and focused on tropical diseases; and redesigning a fractured and non-cohesive health system.… The consciousness of the 3,000 who stayed became the "material force" in the production of Cuban health care, as much a material force as the manufacture of pharmaceuticals or the construction of hospitals.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
A Gestão Pública em Polo de Apoio Presencial do Sistema da Universidade Aberta do Brasil: Estudo de caso no Polo de Apoio Presencial em Resende.
Authors: Xavier Marcos Antonio Gomes
Published: May 2016

Este artigo trata da Gestão da Educação a Distância pelas instituições de ensino superior, parceiras da Universidade Aberta do Brasil, descrevendo fatores estruturais e organizacionais essenciais para a gestão de qualidade. Através do estudo de caso, com desenvolvimento de pesquisa exploratória, no Polo de Apoio Presencial do Município de Resende, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi possível observar que o polo é elemento-chave no sistema para que propicie ensino de qualidade; para tanto, enfatiza-se a importância do papel do gestor do polo nesse contexto. Palavras-chave: Gestão; Educação a distância; Polo de apoio presencial. The Public Management of Open University of Brazil: A Case Study in Resende Learning Support Center AbstractThis article reports how higher education institutions, partners of the Open University of Brazill, deals with Distance Education Management, by describing structural and organizational factors, essential for a quality management. Through the case study, with exploratory development, he Learning Support Center in the municipality of Resende in the state of Rio de Janeiro, we observed that the Polo is a key element in the system, that provides quality education, therefore, it is emphasized the important role of the manager at this Learning Center in this context. Keywords: Management; Distance Education; Learning Support Center.
Materiais Didáticos para Educação a Distância: Observando Layouts
Authors: Weber Dorcas Janice , Oliveira Lia Raquel
Published: May 2016

A inserção da educação a distância nos processos educativos formais apontou possibilidades de formação em nível superior para aqueles que estão distantes dos centros de formação e, para além disso, desvelou objetos de investigação. Um exemplo disso são os materiais didáticos, tão necessários para a efetivação da aprendizagem na modalidade a distância. A gama de materiais é grande e, por isso, é interessante conhecer o modo como eles vêm sendo desenvolvidos e utilizados por aquelas instituições que ofertam cursos nessa modalidade. É sabido que há necessidades distintas entre os alunos da educação a distância e os de cursos presenciais, que precisam estar contempladas nos materiais didáticos. Mas de fato estão? Considerando a organização do espaço de estudo como importante no processo pedagógico, como os espaços dos materiais didáticos vêm sendo organizados? Que elementos têm sido utilizados para o desenvolvimento de layouts para materiais didáticos utilizados em cursos a distância? Tais questões são tema deste escrito, que busca, a partir de um estudo de caso, observar materiais didáticos produzidos para cursos brasileiros a distância. Um olhar transversal sobre tais materiais aponta semelhanças com os produtos elaborados para a educação presencial, tão conhecida por muitos.Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Materiais didáticos; Layout.?Didactic Materials for Distance Education: Observing LayoutsAbstract The inclusion of distance education in formal educational processes pointed training opportunities in higher education for those who are distant from training centers and, in addition, unveiled research objects. An example of this are the didactic materials, as necessary for effective learning in the distance. The range of materials is large and therefore it is interesting to know how these are being developed and used by those institutions that offer courses in this modality. It is known that there are different needs among students of distance education and presence courses that need to be addressed in didactic materials. But actually are? Considering the organization of study space as important in the educational process, as the spaces of didactic materials have been organized? What elements have been used to development layouts for the materials used in distance education courses? This questions are theme of this this written that will, with a case study, observe didactic materials produced to Brazilian distance courses. That observation shown us that analyzed materials have similarities with didactic products for face to face education.Keywords: Distance education; Didactic materials; Layout.
Acessibilidade em Objetos de Aprendizagem na EaD: uma Análise em um Curso de Especialização
Authors: Omodei Juliana Dalbem , Oliveira Édison Trombeta de , Souza Marcos Barros de , Santos Vanderlei Leite dos
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os objetos de aprendizagem oferecidos em duas disciplinas do curso de especialização em Educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, sob a ótica da acessibilidade. Os objetos de aprendizagem são recursos digitais reutilizáveis e que auxiliam a aprendizagem de algum conceito. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foi empreendida uma pesquisa bibliográfica seguida de um estudo de caso. Para a coleta de dados optou-se no estabelecimento de categorias de análise que permitiram obter uma visão global dos recursos. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente etapa a etapa de cada jogo, e os dados coletados foram organizados em uma planilha previamente elaborada para esse fim. Os resultados evidenciaram que, embora haja esforço da universidade promotora do curso em oferecer acessibilidade em todo o ambiente virtual e materiais disponíveis, ainda são necessárias algumas adaptações nos objetos de aprendizagem para que se tornem totalmente acessíveis às pessoas com necessidades especiais em nível sensorial. Todavia, é por meio de iniciativas como essa que são possíveis o crescimento e o aprimoramento de objetos educacionais acessíveis e, dessa forma, contribuir com o acesso de permanência de todos na educação a distância.Palavras-chave: Objetos de aprendizagem; Acessibilidade; Educação a Distância.  Accessibility in Objects Learning in EAD: an Analysis on a Course of Expertise AbstractThis work aims to analyze the learning objects offered in two course subjects of specialization in Special Education from the perspective of inclusive education from the perspective of accessibility. The learning objects are reusable digital resources and that help learning some concept. To achieve this purpose a literature search followed by a case study was undertaken. To collect data it was decided to establish categories of analysis, which provided an overview of resources. Data were analyzed qualitatively, step by step each game, and collected data organized in a spreadsheet previously prepared for this purpose. The results showed that although there is a university effort to offer accessibility across the virtual environment and available materials are still needed some adjustments to the learning object to become fully accessible to people with sensory disabilities. However, it is through such initiatives that are possible growth and improvement of accessible educational materials and thus contribute to the permanence of access for all in the distance. Keywords: Learning objects; Accessibility; Distance education.
TICs a Serviço da Pedagogia do Diálogo e da Prática da Liberdade na Educação
Authors: Grzybowski Candido
Published: May 2016

A globalização controla o mundo inteiro e nos torna, todos os povos e todos os habitantes, interdependentes em termos planetários. Qualquer reflexão sobre educação e TICs não pode estar desvinculada de cidadania: de princípios éticos da democracia tais como liberdade, igualdade, diversidade, solidariedade e participação cidadã: e nem dos desafios maiores que a humanidade deve enfrentar na busca de organização da economia/mercado e do poder/Estado para a sustentabilidade da vida e do planeta. As TICs, como qualquer tecnologia e invenção, são um campo de disputa social. Democratizá-las é um imperativo ético e, por isto, o acesso a elas, o mais amplo e includente possível combatendo a exclusão digital ainda imperante entre nós, pode ser um meio de democratizar a sociedade que temos. Mas há um grande potencial nas novas TICs para a sustentabilidade da vida e do planeta, também importante para as escolas. Este é o horizonte das TICs na educação: serem ferramentas libertadoras, participativas e sustentáveis. Palavras-chave: TICs, Cidadania, Igualdade, Liberdade. TICs at the Service of the Pedagogy of Dialogue and the Practice of Freedom in Education Abstract Globalization controls the world and makes us, all people and all inhabitants, interdependent in planetary terms. Any reflection on education and ICT cannot be separated from citizenship - ethical principles of democracy such as freedom, equality, diversity, solidarity and citizen participation: nor from the greatest challenges that humanity must face in the search for organization of the economy / market and power / state for the sustainability of life and the planet. ICT, like any technology and invention, are a social dispute field. Democratize them is an ethical imperative, therefore, the widest and most inclusive access to them, fighting the digital exclusion that is still prevailing among us, it can be a mean of democratizing the society we have. But there is a big potential in new ICT for the sustainability of life and the planet, also important for schools. This is the horizon of ICT in education: to be liberating, participatory and sustainable tools. Keywords: ICT; Citizenship; Equality; Freedom.
Effects of nutrient loading on Anabaena flos-aquae biofilm: biofilm growth and nutrient removals
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Wei Qun , Tu Xiaojie , Zhu Yuxuan , Chen Yanfei , Guo Lina , Zhou Jun , Sun Hongyun
Published: May 2016

Effects of three different nutrient loadings (low nutrient loading, medium nutrient loading and high nutrient loading, denoted as LNS, MNS and HNS, respectively) on the structure and functions of algal biofilm using Anabaena flos-aquae were investigated using synthetic wastewater. Nutrients removal efficiencies, biofilm thickness, microalgae dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) productions were examined. Results showed that the changes of nutrient concentration were insignificant after 4 days of experiment for the case of HNS condition; 9 days for the case of MNS condition, and 6 days for the case of LNS condition, respectively. The biofilm thickness, nutrient removal efficiencies, algae DHA and EPS productions increased with the increase of nutrient loadings in synthetic wastewater. For the case of HNS condition, the microalgal biofilm exhibited the best performance in terms of C, N and P removal efficiencies, reaching the removal rates of 68.45, 3.56 and 1.61 mg·L−1·d−1 for C, N, P, respectively. This was likely because, fact with the high nutrient loading, the high biological activity could be achieved, thus resulting in high nutrient removals. The thickness of the biofilm in HNS condition was 75 μm, which was closely related to EPS production. DHA and EPS concentrations were 7.24 and 1.8 × 10−2 mg·mm−2, respectively. It was also shown that apart from the nutrient loading, the structure and functions of microalgal biofilm were also influenced by other factors, such as illumination and temperature.
Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium study of nitrogen species onto radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust
Authors: Harmayani Kadek D. , Faisal Anwar A. H. M.
Published: May 2016

Nitrogen species (NH3-N, NO3-N, and NO2-N) are found as one of the major dissolved constituents in wastewater or stormwater runoff. In this research, laboratory experiments were conducted to remove these pollutants from the water environment using radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust. A series of batch tests was conducted by varying initial concentration, dosage, particle size, pH, and contact time to check the removal performance. Test results confirmed the effectiveness of radiata pine sawdust for removing these contaminants from the aqueous phase (100% removal of NO3-N, and NO2-N; 55% removal of NH3-N). The adsorbent dosage and initial concentration showed a significantly greater effect on the removal process over pH or particle sizes. The optimum dosage for contaminant removal on a laboratory scale was found to be 12 g. Next, the adsorption kinetics were studied using intraparticle diffusion, liquid-film diffusion, and a pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model. The adsorption of all species followed a pseudo-second order model but NO2-N adsorption followed both models. In addition, the kinetics of NO2-N adsorption showed two-step adsorption following intraparticle diffusion and liquid-film diffusion. The isotherm study showed that NO3-N and NO2-N adsorption fitted slightly better with the Freundlich model but that NH3-N adsorption followed both Freundlich and Langmuir models.
2015 JOSPT Reviewer of the Year Award
Authors: Abbott J. Haxby
Published: May 2016

The winner of the JOSPT Reviewer of the Year Award was Szu-Ping Lee, PT, PhD, who performed with consistent excellence across 3 categories: (1) willingness to serve the Journal by conducting reviews, (2) insightfulness and constructiveness of the reviews, and (3) promptness of turnaround. We are very grateful to all of the many reviewers who served the Journal during 2015 by providing excellent, timely, and constructive reviews, and thank and congratulate Dr Lee in particular for consistently providing high-quality peer reviews for JOSPT and the authors who submit their work to the Journal.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(5):315–316. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0107