bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colloidal nanomaterials for water quality improvement and monitoring
Authors: Estrada Ana C. , Daniel-da-Silva Ana L. , Leal Cátia , Monteiro Cátia , Lopes Cláudia B. , Nogueira Helena I. S. , Lopes Isabel , Martins Maria J. , Martins Natércia C. T. , Gonçalves Nuno P. F. , Fateixa Sara , Trindade Tito
Published: September 2022

Water is the most important resource for all kind forms of live. It is a vital resource distributed unequally across different regions of the globe, with populations already living with water scarcity, a situation that is spreading due to the impact of climate change. The reversal of this tendency and the mitigation of its disastrous consequences is a global challenge posed to Humanity, with the scientific community assuming a major obligation for providing solutions based on scientific knowledge. This article reviews literature concerning the development of nanomaterials for water purification technologies, including collaborative scientific research carried out in our laboratory (nanoLAB@UA) framed by the general activities carried out at the CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials. Our research carried out in this specific context has been mainly focused on the synthesis and surface chemical modification of nanomaterials, typically of a colloidal nature, as well as on the evaluation of the relevant properties that arise from the envisaged applications of the materials. As such, the research reviewed here has been guided along three thematic lines: 1) magnetic nanosorbents for water treatment technologies, namely by using biocomposites and graphite-like nanoplatelets; 2) nanocomposites for photocatalysis (e.g., TiO2/Fe3O4 and POM supported graphene oxide photocatalysts; photoactive membranes) and 3) nanostructured substrates for contaminant detection using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), namely polymers loaded with Ag/Au colloids and magneto-plasmonic nanostructures. This research is motivated by the firm believe that these nanomaterials have potential for contributing to the solution of environmental problems and, conversely, will not be part of the problem. Therefore, assessment of the impact of nanoengineered materials on eco-systems is important and research in this area has also been developed by collaborative projects involving experts in nanotoxicity. The above topics are reviewed here by presenting a brief conceptual framework together with illustrative case studies, in some cases with original research results, mainly focusing on the chemistry of the nanomaterials investigated for target applications. Finally, near-future developments in this research area are put in perspective, forecasting realistic solutions for the application of colloidal nanoparticles in water cleaning technologies.
Recent advances in amorphous electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Park Jinkyu , Lee Seonggyu , Kim Seongseop
Published: September 2022

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has attracted great attention as an important half-reaction in the electrochemical splitting of water for green hydrogen production. However, the inadequacy of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts has impeded the development of this technology. Amorphous materials with long-range disordered structures have exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance compared to their crystalline counterparts due to more active sites and higher structural flexibility. This review summarizes the preparation methods of amorphous materials involving oxides, hydroxide, phosphides, sulfides, and their composites, and introduces the recent progress of amorphous OER electrocatalysts in acidic and alkaline media. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives for amorphous electrocatalysts for OER are discussed. Therefore, we believe that this review will guide designing amorphous OER electrocatalysts with high performance for future energy applications.
Identification and mechanism prediction of mulberroside A metabolites in vivo and in vitro of rats using an integrated strategy of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Dong Pingping , Song Jian , Zhang Huimin , Wang Feiran , Liu Yuecheng , Yan Yingying , Li Linlin
Published: September 2022

Mulberroside A is a polyhydroxylated stilbene active component of Morus alba L. Studies have shown that it has antitussive, antiasthmatic, tyrosinase and antioxidation activities. However, little is known about the metabolism of it in vitro and in vivo. In our study, an integrated strategy on the basis of UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology was established to comprehensively research the metabolic characteristic of mulberroside A for the first time. Plasma, urine, feces and liver tissues of rats in the blank group and drug group were collected after intragastric administration of mulberroside A at a dose of 150 mg/kg, and rat liver microsomes were cultured for in vitro metabolism experiment. The biological samples were processed by different methods and analyzed in positive and negative ion modes using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS. A total of 72 metabolites were finally identified based on the accurate molecular mass, retention time, MS/MS spectra and related literatures combined with the Compound Discoverer 3.1. The metabolic pathways were mainly hydrolysis, glucuronidation, hydrogenation, sulfation, hydroxylation, methylation and their composite reactions. In addition, a network pharmacology method was used to predict the mechanism of action of mulberroside A and its metabolites. In the end, 7 metabolites with high gastrointestinal absorption and drug-likeness and 167 targets were screened by Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction. 1702 items of GO analysis and 158 related signaling pathways of KEGG were enriched using Metascape. This study established a novel integrated strategy based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS and network pharmacology, which could systematically analyze the metabolism behavior of mulberroside A in vivo and in vitro of rats and provide basis for the further research of mulberroside A.
Altered gut microbiota and gut-derived p-cresyl sulfate serum levels in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Bao Manchen , Zhang Pan , Guo Shulan , Zou Jianzhou , Ji Jun , Ding Xiaoqiang , Yu Xiaofang
Published: September 2022

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease. Gut microbiota-derived uremic solutes, indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) accumulate in PD patients. The objective was to explore the gut microbiota and their influence on uremic toxins in PD patients and healthy controls (HC). Fecal samples were collected from PD patients (n = 105) and HC (n = 102). 16S rRNA gene regions were sequenced for gut microbiota analysis. IS, PCS, and TMAO levels were measured using HPLC-MS. PD patients exhibited lower alpha diversity and altered gut microbiota composition compared to HC. At the genus level, PD patients showed increased abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria. Three Operational Taxonomic Units discriminated PD patients from HC. Phenylalanine metabolism increased in PD, whereas tryptophan metabolism was unaltered. Low serum PCS did not necessarily mean healthier due to the loss of alpha diversity, increased Proteobacteria and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. High serum PCS was mainly caused by elevated p-cresol-producing bacteria, enriched amino acid related enzymes, and enhanced sulfur metabolism, rather than declined residual renal function. In patients with different urine volumes, the gut microbiota alpha diversity and composition were unaltered, but serum IS and TMAO were significantly elevated in anuric patients. In conclusion, the gut microbiota abundance, composition, and function were altered in PD patients, which increased the PCS levels. We provided a better understanding of the microbiota-metabolite-kidney axis in PD patients. Targeting certain bacteria could decrease the PCS levels, whereas preserving the residual renal function could reduce the IS and TMAO levels.
Spatial multiomic profiling reveals the novel polarization of foamy macrophages within necrotic granulomatous lesions developed in lungs of C3HeB/FeJ mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Seto Shintaro , Nakamura Hajime , Guo Tz-Chun , Hikichi Haruka , Wakabayashi Keiko , Miyabayashi Akiko , Nagata Toshi , Hijikata Minako , Keicho Naoto
Published: September 2022

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to the development of tuberculosis (TB) with the formation of granulomatous lesions. Foamy macrophages (FM) are a hallmark of TB granulomas, because they provide the primary platform of M. tuberculosis proliferation and the main source of caseous necrosis. In this study, we applied spatial multiomic profiling to identify the signatures of FM within the necrotic granulomas developed in a mouse model resembling human TB histopathology. C3HeB/FeJ mice were infected with M. tuberculosis to induce the formation of necrotic granulomas in the lungs. Using laser microdissection, necrotic granulomas were fractionated into three distinct regions, including the central caseous necrosis, the rim containing FM, and the peripheral layer of macrophages and lymphocytes, and subjected to proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Comparison of proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of three distinct granulomatous regions revealed that four proteins/genes are commonly enriched in the rim region. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the localization of identified signatures to the rim of necrotic granulomas. We also investigated the localization of the representative markers for M1 macrophages in granulomas because the signatures of the rim included M2 macrophage markers. The localization of both macrophage markers suggests that FM in necrotic granulomas possessed the features of M1 or M2 macrophages. Gene set enrichment analysis of transcriptomic profiling revealed the upregulation of genes related to M2 macrophage activation and mTORC1 signaling in the rim. These results will provide new insights into the process of FM biogenesis, leading to further understanding of the pathophysiology of TB granulomas.
Top lesson from COVID for solar geoengineering: Anticipatory research is needed
Authors: Jinnah Sikina , Long Jane C. S.
Published: September 2022

This perspective article argues that anticipatory research into possible “emergency” response measures such as solar geoengineering will increase knowledge, and thus confidence, in any future decisions to either deploy or reject these technologies. Similarities between COVID and climate can reveal some perspective on the benefits of anticipatory vaccine research for anticipatory for solar geoengineering research. Although we deeply hope governments will aggressively reduce emissions and scale up adaptation efforts in time to avoid the worst climate impacts, we argue that the benefits of anticipatory solar geoengineer research currently outweigh the risks of not moving research forward.
In-hospital arrhythmic burden reduction in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with SGLT2-inhibitors: Insights from the SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT study
Authors: Cesaro Arturo , Gragnano Felice , Paolisso Pasquale , Bergamaschi Luca , Gallinoro Emanuele , Sardu Celestino , Mileva Niya , Foà Alberto , Armillotta Matteo , Sansonetti Angelo , Amicone Sara , Impellizzeri Andrea , Esposito Giuseppe , Morici Nuccia , Oreglia Jacopo Andrea , Casella Gianni , Mauro Ciro , Vassilev Dobrin , Galie Nazzareno , Santulli Gaetano , Pizzi Carmine , Barbato Emanuele , Calabrò Paolo , Marfella Raffaele
Published: September 2022

Background

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) have shown significant cardiovascular benefits in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They have also gained interest for their potential anti-arrhythmic role and their ability to reduce the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in T2DM and heart failure patients.

Objectives

To investigate in-hospital new-onset cardiac arrhythmias in a cohort of T2DM patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with SGLT2-i vs. other oral anti-diabetic agents (non-SGLT2-i users).

Methods

Patients from the SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT registry (NCT05261867) were stratified according to the use of SGLT2-i before admission for AMI, divided into SGLT2-i users vs. non-SGLT2-i users. In-hospital outcomes included the occurrence of in-hospital new-onset cardiac arrhythmias (NOCAs), defined as a composite of new-onset AF and sustained new-onset ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or ventricular fibrillation (VF) during hospitalization.

Results

The study population comprised 646 AMI patients categorized into SGLT2-i users (111 patients) and non-SGLT2-i users (535 patients). SGLT2-i users had a lower rate of NOCAs compared with non-SGLT2-i users (6.3 vs. 15.7%, p = 0.010). Moreover, SGLT2-i was associated with a lower rate of AF and VT/VF considered individually (p = 0.032). In the multivariate logistic regression model, after adjusting for all confounding factors, the use of SGLT2-i was identified as an independent predictor of the lower occurrence of NOCAs (OR = 0.35; 95%CI 0.14–0.86; p = 0.022). At multinomial logistic regression, after adjusting for potential confounders, SGLT2-i therapy remained an independent predictor of VT/VF occurrence (OR = 0.20; 95%CI 0.04–0.97; p = 0.046) but not of AF occurrence.

Conclusions

In T2DM patients, the use of SGLT2-i was associated with a lower risk of new-onset arrhythmic events during hospitalization for AMI. In particular, the primary effect was expressed in the reduction of VAs. These findings emphasize the cardioprotective effects of SGLT2-i in the setting of AMI beyond glycemic control.

Trial registration

Data are part of the observational international registry: SGLT2-I AMI PROTECT. ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05261867.
First peripheral drug-eluting stent clinical results from China: 1-year outcomes of the Zilver PTX China study
Authors: Ye Wei , Böhme Tanja , Fu Weiguo , Liu Changwei , Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Peng , Zhang Jiwei , Zou Yinghua , Lu Xinwu , Lottes Aaron E. , O'Leary Erin E. , Zeller Thomas , Dake Michael D.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The benefit of using the Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) in superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions has been demonstrated in multiple clinical studies. This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the 1-year safety and effectiveness of the DES for the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions in a Chinese patient population.

Methods

Patients with a single de novo or restenotic SFA lesion ≤140 mm and a Rutherford classification of 2 to 4 were treated with the DES. The primary endpoint was primary patency assessed by duplex ultrasound at 1-year. Secondary endpoints included adverse events, event-free survival (EFS), and freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR). Clinical outcomes included Rutherford classification, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and the walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ).

Results

In this study, 178 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease were enrolled at nine institutions in China. The average lesion length was 79.0 ± 48.6 mm (range 14.8–245.4 mm) and 50.0% of lesions were total occlusions. The 1-year primary patency rate was 81.9%. Covariate analysis revealed that lesion length (p < 0.01) was the only significant factor for patency. No paclitaxel-related adverse events or amputations were reported. The 1-year rate for EFS was 94.9% and freedom from TLR was 95.5%. Through 1-year, treatment with the DES resulted in statistically significant improvement in ABI and WIQ scores compared with pre-procedure (p < 0.001). Clinical improvement of at least 1 Rutherford class was achieved in 142 of 174 patients (81.6%).

Conclusion

This study showed promising short-term results for the treatment of SFA lesions with Zilver PTX DES in Chinese patients.

Unique identifier

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02171962.
Quality assessment of functional status documentation in EHRs across different healthcare institutions
Authors: Fu Sunyang , Vassilaki Maria , Ibrahim Omar A. , Petersen Ronald C. , Pagali Sandeep , St Sauver Jennifer , Moon Sungrim , Wang Liwei , Fan Jungwei W. , Liu Hongfang , Sohn Sunghwan
Published: September 2022

The secondary use of electronic health records (EHRs) faces challenges in the form of varying data quality-related issues. To address that, we retrospectively assessed the quality of functional status documentation in EHRs of persons participating in Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA). We used a convergent parallel design to collect quantitative and qualitative data and independently analyzed the findings. We discovered a heterogeneous documentation process, where the care practice teams, institutions, and EHR systems all play an important role in how text data is documented and organized. Four prevalent instrument-assisted documentation (iDoc) expressions were identified based on three distinct instruments: Epic smart form, questionnaire, and occupational therapy and physical therapy templates. We found strong differences in the usage, information quality (intrinsic and contextual), and naturality of language among different type of iDoc expressions. These variations can be caused by different source instruments, information providers, practice settings, care events and institutions. In addition, iDoc expressions are context specific and thus shall not be viewed and processed uniformly. We recommend conducting data quality assessment of unstructured EHR text prior to using the information.
A simulation study on the climatic responses to short-lived climate pollutants changes from the pre-industrial era to the present
Authors: Xie B. , Zhang H.
Published: September 2022

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) including methane, tropospheric ozone, and black carbon in this work, is a set of compounds with shorter lifetimes than carbon dioxide (CO2) and can cause warming effect on climate. Here, the effective radiative forcing (ERF) is estimated by using an online aerosol–climate model (BCC_AGCM2.0_CUACE/Aero); then the climate responses to SLCPs concentration changes from the pre-industrial era to the present (1850–2010) are estimated. The global annual mean ERF of SLCPs was estimated to be 0.99 [0.79–1.20] W m−2, and led to warming effects over most parts of the globe, with the warming center (about 1.0 K increase) being located in the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the ocean around Antarctica. The changes in annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) caused by SLCPs changes were more prominent in the NH [0.78 (0.62–0.94) K] than in the Southern Hemisphere [0.62 (0.45–0.74) K], and the global annual mean value is 0.70 K. By looking at other variable responses, we found that precipitation had been increased by about 0.10 mm d−1 in mid- and high-latitudes and decreased by about 0.20 mm d−1 in subtropical regions, with the global annual mean value of 0.02 mm d−1. Changes in SLCPs also influenced atmospheric circulation change, a northward shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone was induced due to the interhemispheric asymmetry in SAT. However, it is found in this work that SLCPs changes had little effect on global average cloud cover, whereas the local cloud cover changes could not be ignored, low cloud cover increase by about 2.5% over high latitudes in the NH and the ribbon area near 60°S, and high cloud cover increased by more than 2.0% over northern Africa and the Indian Ocean. Finally, we compared the ERFs and global and regional warming effects of SLCPs with those induced by CO2 changes. From 1850 to the present, the ERF of SLCPs was equivalent to 66%, 83%, and 50% of that of CO2 in global, NH, and SH mean, respectively. The increases in SAT caused by SLCPs were 43% and 55% of those by CO2 over the globe and China, respectively.
True triaxial experimental study on the influence of axial pressure on coal permeability
Authors: Liu Jianbao , Song Zhimin , Yang Chengtao , Li Bing , Ren Jiangang , Xiao Ming
Published: September 2022

The permeability of coal is a key parameter affecting coal and gas outbursts and coal seam gas drainage. The permeability is clearly affected by geo-stress. In this study, the influence of the axial pressure on the permeability of the coal seam was studied using a self-developed true triaxial stress permeability experimental device to set fixed gas and confining pressures, and to change the magnitude of the axial pressure. The experimental results show a polynomial relationship between the axial pressure and the permeability of the coal seam. With an increase in axial pressure, the permeability initially decreased slightly and then increased gradually. When the axial pressure exceeded 30 MPa, the permeability of the coal seam sharply increased. This may be due to plastic deformation of the coal seam under a large axial pressure, resulting in new fractures and significantly improving the permeability of the coal seam. Using the COMSOL numerical simulation software, the effect of in situ stress on the coal seam gas drainage efficiency was calculated by comprehensively considering the adsorption/desorption, diffusion, and seepage of gas. The calculation results show that with an increase in the axial pressure, the gas drainage efficiency of the coal seam increases continuously. As the axial pressure increased from 5 to 30 MPa, the gas drainage efficiency increased to 2–3 times that of the original value.
Developmental heterogeneity of embryonic neuroendocrine chromaffin cells and their maturation dynamics
Authors: Akkuratova Natalia , Faure Louis , Kameneva Polina , Kastriti Maria Eleni , Adameyko Igor
Published: September 2022

During embryonic development, nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) give rise to chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland via the “bridge” transient stage, according to recent functional experiments and single cell data from humans and mice. However, currently existing data do not resolve the finest heterogeneity of developing chromaffin populations. Here we took advantage of deep SmartSeq2 transcriptomic sequencing to expand our collection of individual cells from the developing murine sympatho-adrenal anlage and uncover the microheterogeneity of embryonic chromaffin cells and their corresponding developmental paths. We discovered that SCPs on the splachnic nerve show a high degree of microheterogeneity corresponding to early biases towards either Schwann or chromaffin terminal fates. Furthermore, we found that a post-”bridge” population of developing chromaffin cells gives rise to persisting oxygen-sensing chromaffin cells and the two terminal populations (adrenergic and noradrenergic) via diverging differentiation paths. Taken together, we provide a thorough identification of novel markers of adrenergic and noradrenergic populations in developing adrenal glands and report novel differentiation paths leading to them.
Atlas of metabolism reveals palmitic acid results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis by inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation in Sertoli cells
Authors: Xu Xiaoqin , Luo Dandan , Xuan Qiuhui , Lu Peng , Yu Chunxiao , Guan Qingbo
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the impact of lipotoxicity on male fertility has received extensive attention, especially on Sertoli cells (SCs). In SCs, energy metabolism is important as disorders of energy metabolism result in infertility eventually. However, the underlying mechanism of lipotoxicity on energy metabolism in SCs remains unknown. Advances in high-throughput metabolomics and lipidomics measurement platforms provide powerful tools to gain insights into complex biological systems. Here, we aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of palmitic acid (PA) regulating energy metabolism in SCs based on metabolomics and lipidomics. The results showed that glucose metabolism-related metabolites were not significantly changed, which suggested that PA treatment had little effect on glucose metabolism and may not influence the normal energy supply from SCs to germ cells. However, fatty acid β-oxidation was inhibited according to accumulation of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines in cells. In addition, the pool of amino acids and the levels of most individual amino acids involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were not changed after PA treatment in SCs. Moreover, PA treatment of SCs significantly altered the lipidome, including significant decreases in cardiolipin and glycolipids as well as remarkable increases in ceramide and lysophospholipids, which indicated that mitochondrial function was affected and apoptosis was triggered. The increased apoptosis rate of SCs was verified by elevated protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax as well as decreased Bcl-2 protein expression level. Together, these findings indicated that PA may result in mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis by inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation of SCs.
Prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia in free-living conditions in adults with type 1 diabetes: What is the impact of daily physical activity?
Authors: Molveau Joséphine , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi , Myette-Côté Étienne , Messier Virginie , Suppère Corinne , J. Potter Kathryn , Heyman Elsa , Tagougui Sémah
Published: September 2022

Objective

Studies investigating strategies to limit the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia associated with physical activity (PA) are scarce and have been conducted in standardized, controlled conditions in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study sought to investigate the effect of daily PA level on nocturnal glucose management in free-living conditions while taking into consideration reported mitigation strategies to limit the risk of nocturnal hyoglycemia in people with T1D.

Methods

Data from 25 adults (10 males, 15 females, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 0.8%), 20-60 years old, living with T1D, were collected. One week of continuous glucose monitoring and PA (assessed using an accelerometer) were collected in free-living conditions. Nocturnal glucose values (midnight–6:00 am) following an active day “ACT” and a less active day “L-ACT” were analyzed to assess the time spent within the different glycemic target zones (<3.9 mmol/L; 3.9 – 10.0 mmol/L and >10.0 mmol/L) between conditions. Self-reported data about mitigation strategies applied to reduce the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia was also analyzed.

Results

Only 44% of participants reported applying a carbohydrate- or insulin-based strategy to limit the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia on ACT day. Nocturnal hypoglycemia occurrences were comparable on ACT night versus on L-ACT night. Additional post-meal carbohydrate intake was higher on evenings following ACT (27.7 ± 15.6 g, ACT vs. 19.5 ± 11.0 g, L-ACT; P=0.045), but was frequently associated with an insulin bolus (70% of participants). Nocturnal hypoglycemia the night following ACT occurred mostly in people who administrated an additional insulin bolus before midnight (3 out of 5 participants with nocturnal hypoglycemia).

Conclusions

Although people with T1D seem to be aware of the increased risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia associated with PA, the risk associated with additional insulin boluses may not be as clear. Most participants did not report using compensation strategies to reduce the risk of PA related late-onset hypoglycemia which may be because they did not consider habitual PA as something requiring treatment adjustments.
Case report: Incidentally discovered case of pheochromocytoma as a cause of long COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Ziegler Christian G. , Riediger Carina , Gruber Matthias , Kunath Carola , Ullrich Martin , Pietzsch Jens , Nölting Svenja , Siepmann Timo , Bornstein Stefan R. , Remde Hanna , Constantinescu Georgiana
Published: September 2022

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare but potentially lethal tumors that arise from the adrenal medulla. The clinical suspicion and diagnosis of PCC can be challenging due to the non-specific nature of signs and symptoms. In many patients, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could lead to long-term symptoms including fatigue, headaches, and cognitive dysfunction. Here, we present the case of a patient incidentally diagnosed with an adrenal mass that proved to be a PCC after imaging was performed due to persisting complaints after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. A 37-year-old male patient was referred to our center because of a right-sided inhomogeneous adrenal mass, incidentally found during a computed tomographic scan of the thorax performed due to cough and dyspnea that persisted after COVID-19 infection. Other complaints that were present prior to COVID-19 infection included profuse sweating, dizziness, exhaustion with chronic fatigue, and concentration difficulties. The patient had no history of hypertension, his blood pressure was normal, and the 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring confirmed normotension but with the absence of nocturnal dipping. Plasma normetanephrine was 5.7-fold above the upper limit (UL) of reference intervals (738 pg/ml, UL = 129 pg/ml), whereas plasma metanephrine and methoxytyramine were normal at 30 pg/ml (UL = 84 pg/ml) and <4 pg/ml (UL = 16 pg/ml), respectively. Preoperative preparation with phenoxybenzamine was initiated, and a 4-cm tumor was surgically resected. Profuse sweating as well as dizziness was resolved after adrenalectomy pointing toward PCC and not COVID-19-associated patient concerns. Altogether, this case illustrates the difficulties in recognizing the possibility of PCC due to the non-specific nature of signs and symptoms of the tumor, which in this case did not include hypertension and coincided with some of the symptoms of long COVID-19.
Design of a soft-contact triboelectric nanogenerator for vibrational energy collection and its output performance
Authors: Yan Jin , Mei Naerduo , Zhang Dapeng , Zhong Yinghao
Published: September 2022

Finding renewable energy sources to lower carbon emissions has emerged as a challenge the world faces in the wake of global warming and energy crises. Vibration is a type of mechanical motion common in daily life, and one popular research topic in this regard is how to gather vibrational energy and transform it into electricity. Vibration energy can be collected using triboelectric nanogenerators whose working mechanism is based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction. The COMSOL software is used to simulate the relationship between the voltage across electrodes, transferred charge, and the electrode moving distance (V-Q-X) of triboelectric nanogenerator. Theoretical analysis of the simulation result is offered, along with a brief description of the simulation procedure. When wool is glued to the inner core aluminum foil, TENG’s output performance is significantly improved, with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 160 V. In addition, TENG’s output performance improves linearly as the vibration frequency and amplitude increase. Specifically, when the vibration frequency rises from 1 to 2.5 Hz, the open-circuit voltage rises from 43 to 100 V, the short-circuit current increases from 0.45 to 1.5 µA, and the peak transfer charge grows from 23 to 46 nC; when the vibration amplitude increases from 30 to 60 mm, the maximum open-circuit voltage increases from 50 to 110 V, the maximum short-circuit current increases from 0.3 to 1.5 µA, and the maximum charge transfer increases from 21 to 54 nC. Durability tests of TENG shows that the soft-contact TENG with wool adhesives is exceptionally durable, with decreased mechanical wear on the contact surface and extended service life. The present work is expected to provide some insight into the working mechanism of low-loss and high-performance TENGs and facilitate their wider adoption.
An eco-technoeconomic analysis of hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolysis cells that accounts for long-term degradation
Authors: Naeini Mina , Cotton James S. , Adams Thomas A.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an eco-technoeconomic analysis (eTEA) of hydrogen production via solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) aimed at identifying the economically optimal size and operating trajectories for these cells. Notably, degradation effects were accounted by employing a data-driven degradation-based model previously developed by our group for the analysis of SOECs. This model enabled the identification of the optimal trajectories under which SOECs can be economically operated over extended periods of time, with reduced degradation rate. The findings indicated that the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) produced by SOECs (ranging from 2.78 to 11.67 $/kg H2) is higher compared to gray hydrogen generated via steam methane reforming (SMR) (varying from 1.03 to 2.16 $ per kg H2), which is currently the dominant commercial process for large-scale hydrogen production. Additionally, SOECs generally had lower life cycle CO2 emissions per kilogram of produced hydrogen (from 1.62 to 3.6 kg CO2 per kg H2) compared to SMR (10.72–15.86 kg CO2 per kg H2). However, SOEC life cycle CO2 emissions are highly dependent on the CO2 emissions produced by its power source, as SOECs powered by high-CO2-emission sources can produce as much as 32.22 kg CO2 per kg H2. Finally, the findings of a sensitivity analysis indicated that the price of electricity has a greater influence on the LCOH than the capital cost.
An analysis of trends and policies supporting alternative fuels for road freight transport in Europe
Authors: Gómez Vilchez Jonatan J. , Julea Andreea , Lodi Chiara , Marotta Alessandro
Published: September 2022

A significant proportion of transport greenhouse gas emissions originates from the activity of light-duty trucks and heavy-duty vehicles. The overarching aim of this study is to assess road freight transport decarbonization in Europe by analyzing relevant trends (recent developments and future estimates) and policies. Specifically, the paper investigates the policy measures in place or introduced in the European Union Member States plus the United Kingdom between 2016 and 2018, as reported in their submissions to the European Commission, the market progress and status until 2020/1 and the techno-economic barriers that slow down further emissions mitigation. The study focuses on electric vehicles (battery electric and plug-in hybrid), fuel cell electric vehicles and natural gas-powered vehicles. We find wide differences in the strength of policy support by country, mode and fuel. Our analysis is constrained by data availability and we highlight the need for improvements in data reporting by countries, including the communication of future vehicle estimates and infrastructure targets. We reach the conclusion that, despite some progress, stronger action is needed to timely decarbonize road freight transport in Europe.
Robust affine maneuver formation control based of second-order multi-agent grid inspection systems
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Dengjun , Liu Peng , Li Mengwei
Published: September 2022

Grid formation inspection is the future development trend of grid inspection. Aim to the robust control problem of multi-agent grid inspection system in complex environment, this paper proposes a formation control algorithm with prescribed performance. The dynamic model of follower distance error is given in the leader-follower framework using a symbolic Laplace matrix. Performance bounds are set on the sliding mode error by prescribed performance control. Then, the convergence and stability of the proposed control algorithm are not only proved by the Lyapunov stability theorem, but also the error state of the system converges to the prescribed performance bound. Finally, the simulation results show that the follower can follow the leader despite external interference and the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Behavioral responses of bioluminescent fireflies to artificial light at night
Authors: Owens Avalon C. S. , Van den Broeck Mira , De Cock Raphaël , Lewis Sara M.
Published: September 2022

Bioluminescent insects have been the subject of scientific interest and popular wonder for millennia. But in the 21st century, the fireflies, click beetles, and cave glow-worms that brighten our nights are threatened by an unprecedented competitor: anthropogenic light pollution. Artificial lights can obscure the light-based signals on which these and other bioluminescent organisms rely to court mates, deter predators, and attract prey. In the following review we summarize a recent influx of research into the behavioral consequences of artificial light at night for firefly beetles (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), which we organize into four distinct courtship signaling systems. We conclude by highlighting several opportunities for further research to advance this emerging field and by offering a set of up-to-date lighting recommendations that can help land managers and other stakeholders balance public safety and ecological sustainability.
Mechanism and strategies of immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shan Jiqi , Han Dong , Shen Chunyi , Lei Qingyang , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Although there are standard treatment options for CRC, most patients respond poorly to these treatments. Immunotherapies have gradually emerged due to the increasing awareness and understanding of tumor immunity, exhibiting good therapeutic efficacy in various cancers. Immunotherapies include cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive cell therapies. In particular, ICIs, which are antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or its ligand PD-L1, have been successfully applied clinically for solid tumors, relieving the inhibitory effect of the tumor microenvironment on T cells. However, only a minority of patients with cancer achieve a durable clinical response during immunotherapy. Several factors restrict the efficacy of immunotherapy, leading to the development of drug resistance. In this review, we aimed to discuss the current status of immunotherapy for CRC and elaborate on the mechanisms that mediate resistance to immunotherapy and other potential therapeutic strategies.
CEP192 is a novel prognostic marker and correlates with the immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yanli , Liang Wanmei , Chang Yabin , He Zehui , Wu Meijian , Zheng Haozhi , Ke Xinrong , Lv Minjia , Liu Qingqian , Liu Qinyu , Tang Waner , Huang Qiaoling , Lu Yu , He Min , Yang Qijun , Mo Chunpan , Wang Jiefan , Peng Kunwei , Min Zhiqun , Su Hang , Chen Jingqi
Published: September 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) responds poorly to standard chemotherapy or targeted therapy; hence, exploration for novel therapeutic targets is urgently needed. CEP192 protein is indispensable for centrosome amplification, which has been extensively characterized in both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Here, we combined bioinformatics and experimental approaches to assess the potential of CEP192 as a prognostic and therapeutic target in HCC. CEP192 expression increased with tumor stage and was associated with poor clinicopathologic features, frequent recurrence, and higher mortality. Upon single-cell RNA sequencing, CEP192 was found to be involved in the proliferation and self-renewal of hepatic progenitor-like cells. This observation was further evidenced using CEP192 silencing, which prevented tumor cell proliferation and self-renewal by arresting cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Notably, CEP192 was highly correlated with multiple tumor-associated cytokine ligand–receptor axes, including IL11–IL11RA, IL6–IL6R, and IL13–IL13RA1, which could promote interactions between hepatic progenitor-like cells, PLVAP+ endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and CD4+ T cells. Consequently, CEP192 expression was closely associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and low immunophenoscores, making it a potential predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Taken together, our results unravel a novel onco-immunological role of CEP192 in establishing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and provide a novel biomarker, as well as a potential target for therapeutic intervention of HCC.
Expression of the phagocytic receptors αMβ2 and αXβ2 is controlled by RIAM, VASP and Vinculin in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells
Authors: Torres-Gomez Alvaro , Fiyouzi Tara , Guerra-Espinosa Claudia , Cardeñes Beatriz , Clares Irene , Toribio Víctor , Reche Pedro A. , Cabañas Carlos , Lafuente Esther M.
Published: September 2022

Activation of the integrin phagocytic receptors CR3 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) requires Rap1 activation and RIAM function. RIAM controls integrin activation by recruiting Talin to β2subunits, enabling the Talin-Vinculin interaction, which in term bridges integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton. RIAM also recruits VASP to phagocytic cups and facilitates VASP phosphorylation and function promoting particle internalization. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout approach, we have analyzed the requirement for RIAM, VASP and Vinculin expression in neutrophilic-HL-60 cells. All knockout cells displayed abolished phagocytosis that was accompanied by a significant and specific reduction in ITGAM (αM), ITGAX (αX) and ITGB2 (β2) mRNA, as revealed by RT-qPCR. RIAM, VASP and Vinculin KOs presented reduced cellular F-actin content that correlated with αM expression, as treatment with the actin filament polymerizing and stabilizing drug jasplakinolide, partially restored αMexpression. In general, the expression of αXwas less responsive to jasplakinolide treatment than αM, indicating that regulatory mechanisms independent of F-actin content may be involved. The Serum Response Factor (SRF) was investigated as the potential transcription factor controlling αMβ2expression, since its coactivator MRTF-A requires actin polymerization to induce transcription. Immunofluorescent MRTF-A localization in parental cells was primarily nuclear, while in knockouts it exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Localization of FHL-2 (SRF corepressor) was mainly sub-membranous in parental HL-60 cells, but in knockouts the localization was disperse in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, suggesting RIAM, VASP and Vinculin are required to maintain FHL-2 close to cytoplasmic membranes, reducing its nuclear localization and inhibiting its corepressor activity. Finally, reexpression of VASP in the VASP knockout resulted in a complete reversion of the phenotype, as knock-ins restored αMexpression. Taken together, our results suggest that RIAM, VASP and Vinculin, are necessary for the correct expression of αMβ2and αXβ2during neutrophilic differentiation in the human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, and strongly point to an involvement of these proteins in the acquisition of a phagocytic phenotype.
Case report: Complete remission of bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma in histopathological examination after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Asano Yohei , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Igarashi Kentaro , Higuchi Takashi , Taniguchi Yuta , Morinaga Sei , Horimoto Takashi , Nakai Masaharu , Kadono Yoshifumi , Nojima Takayuki , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Recently, the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has improved owing to the development of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, there have been few studies on the therapeutic effect of ICIs in bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report a case in which pulmonary and humeral metastases from RCC were significantly ameliorated using ICIs, while surgery for a pathological fracture of the humerus significantly improved the patient’s quality of life (QoL). A 70-year-old man who underwent a left nephrectomy for RCC developed multiple pulmonary metastases and humeral metastasis with a pathological fracture one year after surgery, and combined treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab was initiated. After four courses of ICI treatment, multiple pulmonary metastases had almost disappeared, and the tumor at the fracture site had shrunk remarkably. However, the shoulder joint function had decreased due to the fracture, worsening his QoL. Therefore, he underwent surgery and returned to normal daily life one month after. Postoperative histopathological examination of bone and soft tissue at the fracture site revealed no malignancy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of complete remission of bone metastasis of RCC based on histopathological examination with ICI treatment.
Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting vaso- and immunoregulatory receptors in Post COVID Syndrome correlate with symptom severity
Authors: Sotzny Franziska , Filgueiras Igor Salerno , Kedor Claudia , Freitag Helma , Wittke Kirsten , Bauer Sandra , Sepúlveda Nuno , Mathias da Fonseca Dennyson Leandro , Baiocchi Gabriela Crispim , Marques Alexandre H. C. , Kim Myungjin , Lange Tanja , Plaça Desirée Rodrigues , Luebber Finn , Paulus Frieder M. , De Vito Roberta , Jurisica Igor , Schulze-Forster Kai , Paul Friedemann , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Rust Rebekka , Hoppmann Uta , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Riemekasten Gabriela , Heidecke Harald , Cabral-Marques Otavio , Scheibenbogen Carmen
Published: September 2022

Most patients with Post COVID Syndrome (PCS) present with a plethora of symptoms without clear evidence of organ dysfunction. A subset of them fulfills diagnostic criteria of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Symptom severity of ME/CFS correlates with natural regulatory autoantibody (AAB) levels targeting several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In this exploratory study, we analyzed serum AAB levels against vaso- and immunoregulatory receptors, mostly GPCRs, in 80 PCS patients following mild-to-moderate COVID-19, with 40 of them fulfilling diagnostic criteria of ME/CFS. Healthy seronegative (n=38) and asymptomatic post COVID-19 controls (n=40) were also included in the study as control groups. We found lower levels for various AABs in PCS compared to at least one control group, accompanied by alterations in the correlations among AABs. Classification using random forest indicated AABs targeting ADRB2, STAB1, and ADRA2A as the strongest classifiers (AABs stratifying patients according to disease outcomes) of post COVID-19 outcomes. Several AABs correlated with symptom severity in PCS groups. Remarkably, severity of fatigue and vasomotor symptoms were associated with ADRB2 AAB levels in PCS/ME/CFS patients. Our study identified dysregulation of AAB against various receptors involved in the autonomous nervous system (ANS), vaso-, and immunoregulation and their correlation with symptom severity, pointing to their role in the pathogenesis of PCS.
Fine intervals are required when using point intercept transects to assess coral reef status
Authors: Kuo Chao-Yang , Tsai Cheng-Han , Huang Ya-Yi , Heng Wei Khang , Hsiao An-Tzi , Hsieh Hernyi Justin , Chen Chaolun Allen
Published: September 2022

The Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method has commonly been used in recent decades for estimating the status of coral reef benthic communities. It is a simple method that is efficiently performed underwater, as benthic components are recorded only as presence or absence at specific interval points along transects. Therefore, PIT is also popular in citizen science activities such as Reef Check programs. Longer intervals are commonly associated with longer transects, yet sampling interval length can significantly influence benthic coverage calculations. Despite this, the relative accuracy of longer or shorter intervals related to transect length has not been tested for PIT. In this study, we tested the optimum intervals of PIT for several commonly used transect lengths using the bootstrap method on empirical data collected on tropical coral reefs and non-reefal coral communities. Our results recommend fine intervals of 10 cm or shorter, depending on the length of the transect, to increase the accuracy of estimating benthic community status on coral reefs. Permanent transects should also be considered in long-term monitoring programs to improve data quality.