bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Tax Collection in Light of the Financial Crisis in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq for the years 2015-2019
Authors: Majeed Amer A. , Hamawandy Nawzad M. , Abdul Karim Freya A.
Published: March 2021

The study aims to identify the collection system and the mechanism of collecting it in light of the financial crisis, as well as to identify the extent of the obligation of taxpayers to pay taxes in the Kurdistan Region during the years of study, and the problem of the study comes about the presence of obstacles in the process of tax collection, by not submitting periodic statements and paying the required tax And the lack of information related to the taxpayer's income in the tax declaration and its lack of inclusion, in addition to the ignorance of the taxpayers of the tax laws in light of the existence of the financial crisis, as well as the failure of the tax department to follow up the work of the taxpayers. The research reached a set of results, including the instability of the economic situation in the Kurdistan Region during the period of the study that negatively affected the tax collection process, and thus led to the inability of the taxpayer to pay the tax, and the conclusion of the research reached the presentation of a number of proposals that emphasize the encouragement of taxpayers to Submit tax returns and periodic statements on time according to the law, in order to ensure that the tax debt is collected on time to avoid the risk of non-collection, as well as drafting clear and explicit laws and legislations because laws determine the success or failure of the tax collection mechanism.
SENGKETA EUROPEAN UNION DAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA PASAL 26 RED II DAN WTO
Authors: Andrianto Steve
Published: March 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji apakah Pasal 26 RED II Uni Eropa yang memicu kontroversi dari Indonesia konsisten dengan Perjanjian WTO yang telah diratifikasi oleh Indonesia dan Uni Eropa pada tahun 1995. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat tindakan apa saja yang dapat diambil Indonesia. sebagai negara anggota WTO berdasarkan Perjanjian WTO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 26 RED II tidak sesuai dengan beberapa ketentuan dalam Perjanjian WTO, yaitu Pasal III GATT 1994, Pasal XI GATT 1994, dan Pasal XX GATT 1994. Sebagai anggota WTO, Indonesia di bawah Dispute Settlement Understanding of WTO dapat mengajukan pengaduan ke Dispute Settlement Body of WTO. Dalam hal Uni Eropa menolak untuk melaksanakan rekomendasi dari DSB, Indonesia dapat mengambil tindakan pembalasan.
EVALUASI PEMERINTAH PUSAT MELALUI PEMERINTAHAN PROVINSI TERHADAP HASIL PEMEKARAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI SUMATERA SELATAN BERDASARKAN ATURAN TENTANG PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Helmanida Helmanida , - Dedeng
Published: March 2021

Sumatera Selatan sebagai suatu Provinsi yang telah melakukan pemekaran daerah kabupaten/kota. Terdapat beberapa daerah kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Selatan yang telah melakukan pemekaran daerah yaitu Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan (OKU selatan) berdasarkan Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor (No) 37 tahun 2003, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Timur (OKU Timur) berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 tahun 2003, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir (OI) berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 tahun 2003, Kabupaten Banyuasin berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2002, Kabupaten Empat Lawang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 tahun 2007, Kota Prabumulih berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2001, Kota Pagar Alam berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 2001, Kota Lubuk Linggau berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 2001, Kabupaten PALI berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 2013 dan Kabupaten Muratara berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 tahun 2013. Pemerintah Pusat melalui kementerian dalam negeri bersama dengan pemerintahan Provinsi Sumaatera Selatan bersama-sama melakukan evaluasi terhadap daerah pemekaran kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Selatan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 9 tahun 2015 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang No 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan sejarah pemekaran daerah kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Selatan. Untuk mengetahui evaluasi terhadap daerah kabupaten/kota hasil pemekaran tersebut. Dari jenis evaluasi kementerian dalam negeri beberapa daerah kabupaten/kota menjadi daerah otonom mandiri yaitu OKU Selatan, OKU Timur, Empat Lawang, Ogan Ilir, Banyuasin, Lubuk Linggau, Prabumulih dan Pagar Alam serta dua kabupaten dalam proses kontrol menuju daerah otonom mandiri yaitu PALI dan Muratara, yang ditinjau dari masa berlaku daerah pemekaran terhitung sejak disahkannya UU pemekaran untuk masing-masing kabupaten/kota tersebut.
Political Involvement among Youth in Malaysia: Lessons Learnt
Authors: Ahmad Zalinah , Mohd Zain Zawiyah
Published: March 2021

Youth are asset for the country and their ideas may provide significant contribution towards the country development process.  They are the driving force towards the progress of the country and their contributions are undeniable in providing new ideas.  Other than as the human capitals provided for the workforce, youth are also backbone of the country.  Youth involvement in politics happen throughout the world and Malaysia has no exception.  Youth have voice out their concern on the government’s policies and actions towards developing process by using available platform such as social media other than joining political parties or any association specifically for youth.  The opportunities should be given to this group since country will lose creative, dynamic and innovative ideas from this group, known as Generation Y.  The tagline like young leaders have create phenomena to give them opportunities to be leader at every level of government (community, state as well as country). This article will discuss the political involvement  based on the survey among students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Findings showed that internet (social media) has attracted the respondents to know more about politics.  Their lower involvement in political parties’ activities are quite contradictory in which their willingness to vote and  encourage others to vote during the election process in Malaysia. This paper will highlight the importance of social media as a platform for gaining youth involvement in political scenario in Malaysia.
Automated Ontology-Based Security Requirements Identification for the Vehicular Domain
Authors: Shaaban Abdelkader Magdy , Schmittner Christoph , Gruber Thomas , Mohamed A. Baith , Quirchmayr Gerald , Schikuta Erich
Published: March 2021

Many electronic and electrical systems are now incorporated with modern vehicles to control functional safety. Lack of security protection mechanisms in vehicular design may lead to different ways of executing malicious attacks against the vehicular network. These attacks may have various types of negative consequences, such as safe vehicle operation. This work presents an ontology-based framework as a new automated approach to verify and validate security requirements against security issues in the vehicular domain. The system also applies a set of logical rules to identify a set of security requirements as a category of necessary security requirements that could be proposed to be integrated within the vehicle design to address a specific security issue.
NMR quantum computing - lessons for the future
Authors: Vandersypen L. , Chuang I.
Published: March 2021

Future physical implementations of large-scale quantum computers will face significant practical challenges. Many useful lessons can be drawn from present results with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance realizations of controllable two, three, five, and seven qubit quantum systems. We summarize various experimental methods and theoretical procedures learned in this work which will be of considerable value in building and testing quantum processors with a wide variety of physical systems.
Evaluation of psoriasis area and severity index and its correlation with DLQI in evaluating various parameters in psoriasis – A hospital-based study
Authors: Joseph Swithin Fernando  , Sathya Narayanan Rajendran
Published: March 2021

Psoriasis is a common chronically relapsing autoinflammatory disease of the skin affecting patients of all ages and both genders. There is a more significant impact on the quality of life in patients with established disease. The study was conducted to correlate the relation between dermatology life quality index and psoriasis area and severity index and thereby deriving the impact of one on the other. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study undertaken in psoriasis patients who had disease manifestations but did not undergo any treatment. Patient’s DLQI and PASI were calculated at a given point of time. Fifty patients participated in the study. Thirty-three patients were men, with a mean age of 37 years, and seventeen patients were women with a mean age of 34 years. PASI & DLQI were tabulated and compared with age, gender, disease duration, occupation etc. PASI is a reliable parameter to measure the severity of disease and DLQI for measuring the quality of life in psoriatic patients. PASI and DLQI are reliable parameters, and combining both and correlating them with various demographic and lifestyle parameters gives a clear indication of how these influence the disease impact in general.
High-Dose Dual Therapy versus Triple Therapy for Treatment of H. Pylori Infection: A Parallel Randomized Study
Authors: Aya Ahmed  , Gehan F Balata  , Hany M Elsadek  , Mohamed Nour EL-Din  , Ahmed Amin
Published: March 2021

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance has considerably increased and as a result, the elimination pace of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection have decreased significantly to an unacceptable level. High dose dual therapy (HDDT) has been suggested as an alternative to standard triple therapy (TT) for the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection. The aim of the present work was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of HDDT with standard TT, for treatment of H. pylori infection. This randomized parallel interventional study was carried out on 130 treatment naïve H. pylori infected patients, selected from outpatient clinic of Hepatology and Gastroenterology department of Zagazig University Hospitals, in the duration between November 2017 and December 2018. All patients were H. pylori positive as was evidenced by stool antigen test. Patients were divided into two groups; group A (n=65) received a 14-day HDDT (esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 1 g three times daily) whereas group B (n=65) received a 14-day TT (esomeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g and clarithromycin 500 mg, each administered twice daily). Eradication rates, side effects and drug compliance were compared among both groups. The eradication rate between the two regimens was not significantly different. The eradication rates were 80% for TT and 72.3% for HDDT (P= 0.3). No significant differences were observed between both groups regarding the side effects or patient adherence. HDDT is as effective and safe as TT as empiric first-line therapy for H pylori infection.
A study of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in newly detected Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Thorat S. T  , Vivek Redkar  , Amit C. Botre  , Vaibhav Agarwal  , Nitin B. Jadhav
Published: March 2021

The metabolic disorder is depicted as bunches of irregularities, including stomach corpulence, insulin opposition, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, expanded fatty oils, and diminished high-thickness lipoprotein cholesterol. The study was aimed to assess the  Pervasiveness of Metabolic disorder in recently identified sort 2 Diabetes mellitus Among 100 newly detected type 2 DM patients, 44.18% of male and 55.82% of female had metabolic syndrome. The maximum number of patients were in the age of 30-49 years. Most of the patients had a history of DM of 4-6 months (54%). Majority 60 patients (69.76%) and IDF criteria predicting MS in 40(46.51%) patients which is least compared to others. Modified WHO and NCEP ATP III criteria's were predicting MS 55(63.95%), 48(55.81%) respectively. Raised serum TG for men (45.3%) and diminished HDL for ladies (45.3%) were most grounded single indicator successfully showing the presence of MS in recently identified type 2 DM patients. Significant WC was seen in 51.2% of patients, and 46.5% of patients had significant waist/hip ratio. CONCLUSION- Raised serum TG for men and lessened HDL for women were most grounded single pointers, satisfactorily exhibiting the presence of MS in as of late distinguished sort 2 DM patients.
PERMEABILITY OF COVER DEPOSITS OF CRYSTALLINE ROCKS IN THE SUDETY MOUNTAINS (SW POLAND) BASED ON A FIELD STUDY
Authors:   University of Wroclaw, Institute of Geological Sciences, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wroclaw, Poland, OLICHWER Tomasz , PIOTROWSKA Katarzyna , TEREŚKIEWICZ Estera
Published: March 2021

Article presents a study on the permeability of weathering covers formed on crystalline rocks, which was conducted in south-western Poland (Sudety Mountains). Evaluation of the infiltration capacity was performed based on field measurements of the vertical hydraulic conductivity carried out by using the Porschet method and the ETC Pask Constant Head Permeameter. During the field investigations conducted in sixteen sites, 28 determinations of the hydraulic conductivity k were made, 16 by the Porschet method and 12 using the ETC Pask Permeameter. Ten sites represent weathering covers of metamorphic rocks (amphibolites, eclogites, mica-schists, crystalline limestones, gneisses) and the next six sites represent covers of igneous rocks (granites). The values of the vertical hydraulic conductivity k determined by the Porschet method ranged between 0.053 and 2.19 m/d, while those obtained using the ETC Pask Permeamet erranged between 0.012 and 0.76 m/d. In the first place, it should be noticed that the results determined during the field investigations conducted according to the Porschet method are generally 3-4 times higher than those obtained using the ETC Pask Permeameter. The results for the vertical hydraulic conductivity allow us to classify weathering sediments of metamorphic and igneous rocks, as semi-permeable to medium permeable rocks. Weathered gneisses were distinctly characterized by the worst capacity to conduct water (semi-permeable) among all types of weathering covers of crystalline rocks. Higher values (0,08-0,8 m/d) of the vertical hydraulic conductivity were found for the weathering covers of the other metamorphic rocks (low permeable). The best conditions to conduct water were found in the weathering covers of granite rocks, which in most cases are classified as medium permeable rocks (more than 0.8 m/d) and exhibit distinctly better permeability coefficients.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL FLOOD EVENTS (POST-1990) IN THE TREBEŞ-NEGEL REPRESENTATIVE BASIN FOR EASTERN CARPATHIANS AND SUBCARPATHIANS TRANSITION ZONE
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi (UAIC), Faculty of Geography and Geology, Department of Geography, Bd. Carol I 20A, 700505, Iaşi, Romania, PAVELUC Larisa Elena , MIHU-PINTILIE Alin , HUŢANU Elena , GROZAVU Adrian
Published: March 2021

The European Network of Experimental and Representative Basins (ENERB) is the results of several experimental projects concerning the hydrological forecasting and flood mitigation effort which have been implemented within states member of European Union. In Romania, the hydrometric activity for ENERB it is currently composed of 14 representative basins (RB) of which the Trebeş-Negel (184 km2) was selected as RB for Eastern Carpathian and Subcarpathian transition zone. Located in one of the most affected territories by hydrological hazards, the Trebeş-Negel RB reacted as a small-scale flood sensor for the entire region. Using the well-documented discharge and pluviometric database collected at five gauge stations within the study area, we develop the first comparative analysis of historical flood events that occurred in the Trebeş-Negel RB post-1990. Five exceptional floods were selected: flood events from July 2 to July 8, 1991; flood events from June 16 to June 22, 1992; flood events from July 11 to July 14, 2005; flood events from July 26 to July 31, 2010; and flood events from June 28 to July 1, 2018. All flood events envisaged were caused by heavy rains, when significant amounts of precipitations were recorded which sometimes exceeded 100 mm/day.
IMPACT OF BUCHAREST WASTEWATER ON DAMBOVITA RIVER WATER QUALITY (2010-2015)
Authors:   National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independenței, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania, Călărași Branch, FRÎNCU Rodica-Mihaela , IULIAN Olga
Published: March 2021

Bucharest, the capital of Romania, is located on the banks of Dambovita River, tributary of Arges River, which, in its turn, flows into the Danube, the second longest river in Europe. Until 2011, Bucharest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) had no advanced treatment, and since the end of 2011 the plant is able to treat half of the incoming flow. The second upgrading phase is under construction. This paper presents monitoring data of Dambovita River, upstream and downstream from Bucharest WWTP, during the period 2010-2015. Annual means of main nutrients concentrations show that water quality was mostly in the first class before the WWTP, according to Romanian norms, and in the worst class downstream from the WWTP, particularly for ammonium and total phosphorus, which are indicators of sewerage pollution. Pollution is attenuated by dilution after confluence with the Arges River. Principal Component Analysis and factor analysis of monitoring data show the differences between sampling locations and strong positive correlations between ammonium, orthophosphates and total phosphorus. Nutrient pollution downstream from Bucharest has decreased after 2010, but more efforts to improve wastewater treatment are needed in order to comply with national and international regulations.
TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF METAL IONS AND SOME PESTICIDES ON CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY PURIFIED FROM BIGHEAD CARP (HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS NOBILIS) GILL TISSUE
Authors:   Bingol University, Food Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, Department of Veterinary Health, 12000 Bingöl, Turkey, KIRICI Muammer
Published: March 2021

In this work, the total carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes were obtained from bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) gill tissue with a purification fold of 239.62, specific activity of 26128.18 EU mg-1 and a yield of 44.04 % using Sepharose affinity column chromatography. For recording the CA purity, gel electrophoresis was performed in this part. The molecular weight (MW) of total CA enzyme was found 31 kDa. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of diverse pesticide compounds (carbaryl, carbofuran, permethrin, dimethoate, cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) and heavy metals (Cu2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Co2+) on CA bighead carp gill tissue CA enzyme activities were investigated and also the results calculated, and then plotted. The some pesticide compounds had IC50 amounts in the range of 0.36 - 253.35 μM. Also, the metal ions used had IC50 values ranging from 7.84 to 95.28 mm. As a result of these studies, a stable pH is set as pH: 8.0. CA inhibitors are target molecules in drug design studies.
MICROPOROSITY CHANGES WITH ACIDIZING EFFECT IN SANDSTONES (KIZILDERE FORMATION-HATAY/S-TURKEY)
Authors:   İskenderun Technical University, Institute of Engineering and Sciences, TR-31200 İskenderun, Hatay, AVCU Melda , YEŞİLOT KAPLAN Meryem
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the field and petrographic properties of sandstones observed in Arsuz-İskenderun (Hatay) region and micro-size porosity changes in acidizing stages. The fine-grained sandstones of the Aktepe formation have more quartz grains than the other components and the binding material is matrix. Rock fragments that consist of fossil shells, limestone and igneous fragments are observed relatively to quartz and feldspar grains in the Kızıldere formation sandstones. The first step of reservoir rock acidizing is HCl acidizing and the process is experimentally provided by capillarity experiment. HCl with dilution rates of 7.5% - 15% - 30% was absorbed into the samples at room temperature and after 100 minutes, effective distances were observed as 0.6-0.8-1.1 cm and dissolved rock amounts as 32.82-34.02-35.54 g, respectively. In acidizing process, the average porosity analysed with Micro-CT is 39.6% of acidified samples with 15% diluted acid and non-acidified samples, equivalent results were obtained with porosity values measured by well logs. There is an increase in the porosity of about 16% with acidizing. Pores were bonded together by acidizing and pore size increase about 20%. The change in the pore throat by acidizing is 105%. Calculation of porosity of rocks by Micro-CT and image processing methods can be performed faster compared to the other methods.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CELLULAR STUDY OF TRITICUM TURGIDUM GROWN IN AMENDED SOIL WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE (URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL) IN OPEN FIELDS UNDER SEMI-ARID CLIMATE CONDITIONS
Authors:   National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, 1082 Mahragène Tunis, Tunisia, LASSOUED Najla , BILAL Essaid
Published: March 2021

A field experiment was conducted to demonstrate the beneficial and negative aspects of sewage sludge application on wheat and to determine the way of heavy metals in the sludge-soil-plant system. Two types of sewage sludge (urban and industrial) were applied at different rates (5, 25, 50 and 100 t dry matter (DM) per ha). Results showed that growth and yield have been improved by sewage sludge use. However, sewage sludge applications modified the content of heavy metals in plant tissues especially for industrial sewage sludge and high rates where significant accumulations including Co, Cr and Pb, were detected mainly in the roots. This has been coupled by an alteration of the root cellular ultra-structure and the presence of heavy metal deposition as electron-dense granules and crystals.
HIGH RESOLUTION MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEDIMENTS - LAKE BOLĂTĂU-FEREDEU (ROMANIA)
Authors:   Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, H-4026 Bem tér 18/c Debrecen, Hungary, Karlik Máté , GYOLLAI Ildikó , VANCSIK Anna , FINTOR Krisztián , SZALAI Zoltán , MÎNDRESCU Marcel , GRĂDINARU Ionela , VÁGÁSI Sándor , BOZSÓ Gábor , POLGÁRI Márta , PÁL-MOLNÁR Elemér
Published: March 2021

The catchment (bedrock and soil) and sediments of lake Bolătău, Romania were studied by high resolution multi-methodological investigations to characterize paleoenvironmental and formation conditions. Particle size analyses, optical and cathodoluminescence microscopy, FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and XRF were applied for microtextural, chemical, micro-mineralogical and embedded organic material characterization and distribution of the sediments, especially concerning geochemical conditions, like pH and redox potential change. Our results support physical and chemical weathering in the process of soil formation with appearance of the new minerals appear (10Å sized phyllosilicates and clay minerals). Comparison of these studies offer possible differentiation of syn- and diagenetic mineralization, the clarification of debris contribution, microbial mediation and complex mineralization via decomposition of cell and extracellular polymeric substance. Based on the analyses on the abrasives, a suboxic environment prevailed in the depositional area and considerable microbial contribution is proposed via accumulation of lake sediments.
Bazı Karayosunu ve Ciğerotu Türlerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: BENEK Atakan , ŞENTURAN Merve , ŞİMŞEK Özcan , CANLI Kerem , ALTUNER Ergin Murat
Published: March 2021

Dünya üzerinde bulunan bitkilerin çoğunun hem yaraların iyileşme sürecini hızlandırmada hem de yaralanmaya bağlı enfeksiyonların tedavisinde etkili maddelere sahip oldukları bilinmektedir. Bilim insanları tarafından yapılan daha önceki çalışmalar, karayosunlarının ve ciğerotlarının da çeşitli bakteri ve mantarlara karşı antimikrobiyal ve antifungal aktiviteye sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada Philonotis seriata Mitt, Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle, Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff, Syntrichia calcicola J.J.Amann türlerinin etil alkol ekstraktlarının 8 gram pozitif, 9 gram negatif bakteri ve 1 maya olan toplam 18 suş üzerindeki antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda tüm karayosunu ve ciğerotu örneklerinin birkaç suşa karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu ve özellikle gram pozitif olan Staphylococcus aureus ve gram negatif olan Klebsiella pneumoniae üzerinde belirgin bir antimikrobiyal etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Türkiye’nin B9 Karesi’nin Briyofit Kontrol Listesi
Authors: ALATAŞ Mevlüt , URSAVAŞ Serhat
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma, Henderson (1961)’ın Türkiye kareleme sistemine göre B9 karesi içerisinde, şimdiye kadar yapraklı karayosunu (Bryophyta) ve ciğerotları (Marchantiophyta) ile ilgili yapılmış olan araştırmalara dayanan güncel bir listeyi içermektedir. Listede; yapraklı karayosunları için 18 familya ve 54 cinse ait 143 takson, ciğerotları için ise 4 familya ve 5 cinse ait 6 takson olmak üzere toplamda 22 familya, 59 cinse ait 149 tür ve tür altı takson bulunmaktadır. Bu kare içerisinde, içerdiği cins sayısı bakımından en zengin familyalar sırasıyla; Pottiaceae (13), Brachytheciaceae (11), Amblystegiaceae (6), içerdiği takson sayısı açısından ise en zengin familyalar ise; Pottiaceae (43), Brachytheciaceae (21), Grimmiaceae ile Bryaceae (17) ve Orthotrichaceae (12)’dir. Takson çeşitliliği açısından en zengin olanlar cisler; Grimmia (12), Syntrichia (10), Didymodon (9), Ptychostomum ve Tortula (8), Bryum ve Orthotrichum (7)'dir.
An efficient feature selection algorithm for evolving job shop scheduling rules with genetic programming
Authors: Mei Yi , Nguyen Su , Xue Bing , Zhang Mengjie
Published: March 2021

Automated design of job shop scheduling rules using genetic programming as a hyper-heuristic is an emerging topic that has become more and more popular in recent years. For evolving dispatching rules, feature selection is an important issue for deciding the terminal set of genetic programming. There can be a large number of features, whose importance/relevance varies from one to another. It has been shown that using a promising feature subset can lead to a significant improvement over using all the features. However, the existing feature selection algorithm for job shop scheduling is too slow and inapplicable in practice. In this paper, we propose the first “practical” feature selection algorithm for job shop scheduling. Our contributions are twofold. First, we develop a Niching-based search framework for extracting a diverse set of good rules. Second, we reduce the complexity of fitness evaluation by using a surrogate model. As a result, the proposed feature selection algorithm is very efficient. The experimental studies show that it takes less than 10% of the training time of the standard genetic programming training process, and can obtain much better feature subsets than the entire feature set. Furthermore, it can find better feature subsets than the best-so-far feature subset.

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© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
The Risk and Return Relations: New Evidence from Pakistani Stock Market
Authors: Syed Hamid Ali Shah  , Attaullah Shah  , Muhammad Kamran Khan  , Hamid Ullah
Published: March 2021

In this study, we try to answer several empirical questions related to testing of asset pricing models in Pakistan. First, we test the assumptions of capital asset pricing model (CAPM) using cross-sectional regression methodology of Fama and MacBeth (FMB) (1973). Second, we test the conditional relationship between beta and expected returns using FMB cross-sectional regressions. Third, we test and compare the explanatory power of CAPM and Fama and French (1993) three factor models using time-series regressions. For all of the above empirical tests, we use sufficiently large data set of weekly data from January 2006 to December 2018 of non-financial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Results of the cross-sectional regressions suggest that beta cannot explain expected returns. However, there is weak evidence that a conditional relation exits between beta and expected returns. Results of the time-series regression suggest that both CAPM and three factor model do well in explaining expected returns. However, GRS-based test of regression intercepts and regressions R2 indicate that Fama and French model better captures variations in observed stock returns than the CAPM.
Biodegradability of Synthetic Plastics and Polymeric Materials: An Illusion or Reality in Waste Managements?
Authors:   Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Gu Ji-Dong , Wu Elizabeth Ka Wing ,   School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong
Published: March 2021

Petroleum-based plastics are an indispensable part of our daily life now because they are flexible, convenient, light weight, waterproof, and also have good mechanical strength and economical. They are especially suitable in products packaging, but they accumulate in soils, rivers and oceans, resulting in undesirable environmental and ecological hazards. Conventional plastics wastes in landfills occupy a much higher proportion of space because of their light-weight and extremely low biodegradation rate under anaerobic conditions. Composting is a treatment process to deal with biodegradable plastics (BPs) wastes and diverts a fraction of the wastes from landfilling to provide a feasible solution to the waste management problem. Biodegradability and degradation rate of plastics products depend on the fundamental chemical characteristics of the specific plastics mainly while environmental conditions and the establishment of an active degrading population of microorganisms contribute to a small extent of the fate of plastics after disposal. As the biodegradation rate varies among different plastics, a group of testing methods are available for assessing the degradability of different plastics and their products. Plasticizers in plastics and polymeric materials deserve a special attention up on their dispersal and ecological impact because of their endocrine-disrupting activity. The widely used phthalate esters are biodegradable by indigenous microorganisms in the environments, but the large quantity of them used is a serious issue to the environment and ecological health. However, there is an apparent cost difference between biodegradable and synthetic plastics, which hinder the commercialization of biodegradable ones for daily use. Separation of waste collection and education can contribute to the plastic waste management. It is unrealistic that biodegradable plastics are the solution to the problems facing today’s society on waste management. The ultimate goal is to reduce the use by society members so that amount of waste generated can be reduced so that waste products can be reduced from the sources.
OPTIMIZATION OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF FATTENED SHEEP IN NATURAL PASTURE CONDITIONS
Authors:   Volgograd state agrarian University, VARAKIN A.T. , KULIK D.K. ,   All-Russian research Institute irrigated agriculture, SALOMATIN V.V. ,   Samara state agrarian University, ZOTEEV V.S.
Published: March 2021

The results of fattening sheep when using organic selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 as a feed additive and a combined feed additive including the drug DAFS-25 with an additional sulfur content for animal husbandry are presented. The inclusion of feed additives in diets has improved the mineral nutrition and meat productivity of sheep, as well as economic effi ciency.
GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE DIETS OF ZAANEN GOATS
Authors:   Samara state agrarian UNIVERSITY, ZOTEEV V.S. , SIMONOV G.A. ,   Vologda scientifi c center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ZOTEEV S.V. ,   Povolzhsky NIISS, ANTIMONOV A. K. , KIRICHENKO A.V.
Published: March 2021

The results of using grain sorghum of the “ROS” variety in the diets of lactating goats are presented. The inclusion of sorghum grain in the compound feed in the amount of 40% by weight provides an increase in milk productivity and economic effi ciency of goat’s milk production.
INFLUENCE EXTRODIANARY AND EXTRUDED MIXTURES OF GRAINS AND SELENIUM-CONTAINING PREPARATIONS IN THE RATIONS OF RAMS SHEEP BREED FOR WOOL PRODUCTIVITY
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ARALOV YU.N.
Published: March 2021

The article presents data on the wool productivity of sheep of the kurdyuchny breed depending on feeding them non-extruded and extruded grain mixtures with additives of selenium-containing preparations.
ABOUT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IN BRAZORE SHEEP AND GOAT [
Authors:   Timiryazev state agrarian University-Moscow state agricultural Academy, LEONTIEVA I.L. , LEONTIEV L.B.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the diff erential diagnosis of bradsot from another infectious disease of sheep, which is similar in symptoms and pathoanatomical changes to this infection. Bradsot is very similar in clinical signs to anthrax, but some clinical signs and pathoanatomical changes still allow us to distinguish these diseases from each other
Very little influenza in the WHO European Region during the 2020/21 season, weeks 40 2020 to 8 2021
Authors: Adlhoch Cornelia , Mook Piers , Lamb Favelle , Ferland Lisa , Melidou Angeliki , Amato-Gauci Andrew J , Pebody Richard ,   the European Influenza Surveillance Network
Published: March 2021

Between weeks 40 2020 and 8 2021, the World Health Organization European Region experienced a 99.8% reduction in sentinel influenza virus positive detections (33/25,606 tested; 0.1%) relative to an average of 14,966/39,407 (38.0%; p < 0.001) over the same time in the previous six seasons. COVID-19 pandemic public health and physical distancing measures may have extinguished the 2020/21 European seasonal influenza epidemic with just a few sporadic detections of all viral subtypes. This might possibly continue during the remainder of the influenza season.
REVIEW: WITTENBERG, E.YA. (2020), SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF AUTHORITIES. RGGU, MOSCOW, RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Khanova Irina E.
Published: March 2021

The monograph submitted for review is the second one in the author’s planned series of three books on the social responsibility of businesses, authorities, and civil society. In 2011, the publishing centre of Russian State University for the Humanities published the first monograph in that series of the author, Social Responsibility of Businesses in the post-Soviet space, in which the large empirical material showed complex factors for the formation of social responsibility of businesses in the post-Soviet countries in the course of business activities in the economic, political, and social spheres. The second work of the author called Social Responsibility of Authorities is a complex work, which presents a critical analysis of the social responsibility of the authorities in post-Soviet Russia for the selection of goals and ways of the country development, for the degree of and price for achieving the goals, and for the quality, results, and impact of implemented system change affecting all spheres of public life. The monograph considers a number of theoretical issues: the genesis and development of the basic concepts for social responsibility of authorities, its criteria and indicators, the causes of irresponsibility of authorities, the boundaries and responsibilities of state institutions, the questions of forming the shared social responsibility in all its subjects (authorities, businesses, and society). The author analyses the social responsibility of the authorities in the field of economic policy (stages and processes of privatisation, creating conditions for fair competition and innovative development), in the modernisation of Russian society (achievements and shortcomings in the fight against poverty, in the formation of the middle class, in evening out excessive social inequalities), and also analyses measures for the development of democracy.
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CONFERENCE “HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION IN THE EURASIAN SPACE. EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS. DEDICATED TO THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CIS”
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Khanova Irina E.
Published: March 2021

The publication covers the international research and practice conference, which was held online on the 17th of November of 2020 with the participation of employees of the Institute of Post-Soviet and Interregional Studies at the Russian State University for the Humanities, as well as representatives of the scientific community of the CIS. The conference was dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the Commonwealth of Independent States (8 December 1991). The participants discussed the most relevant issues of humanitarian cooperation in the Eurasian space, including interuniversity partnership, interaction of leading research centers in the Commonwealth countries, the preparation of joint educational and methodological guides and programmes and other projects that would facilitate the formation of the unified Eurasian information space and speed up the processes of social and cultural (humanitarian, broadly speaking) integration. Issues related to studies of Russian language in post-Soviet states, as well as to preserving the national traditions and international representation thereof, were discussed in close conjunction with the issues of humanitarian integration. Special attention was paid to subjects concerned with preserving the memory of the Great Patriotic War, including cooperation between search teams and arranging international search and commemorative projects on the territory of post-Soviet states. The conference participants also raised issues related to security in the post-Soviet states as well as to joint solutions to such acute challenges for the Commonwealth as illegal migration and drug trafficking.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES, JOBS, CO-WORKERS, AND SUPERVISION TO WORKERS’ JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Untari Dewi , Raspati Muhammad Irsyad , Handani Sari Sri
Published: March 2021

The goal of this research is to find out the distribution of wages, jobs, co-workers, and supervision to the workers’s job satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. The methods used in this research are descriptive and verificative, using questionnaire. The research shows: The distribution of wages is categorized as good with ttotal score of 365, jobs are also categorized as good, scored 546, co-workers is categorized as good, scored 435, supervision is categorized as good with the score of 353, and job satisfaction is categorized as good scored 309. Partially, wages has positive effect and significant toward workers’s job satisfaction, where as thitung > ttabel of 3.492 > 2.365. Jobs is proven to have positif and significant effect on workers’s job satifaction, where as thitung > ttabel of 5.255 > 2.365. Co-workers was proven to have positive but not significant effect on workers’s job satisfaction, where as thitung > ttabel of 2.047 > 2.365. Supervision was proven to have negative and significant effect on workers’s job satisfaction, where as thitung > ttabel of -3.130 > -2.365. Simultaneously, there was proven that there were positive effects of wages, jobs, co-workers, and supervision to workers’s job satisfaction, where as of Fhitung > Ftabel 23.053 > 4.12. Based on the result of the hypothesis, it was concluded that effect amongst wages, jobs, co-workers, and supervision, to workers’s job satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously.
TEACHER PERFORMANCE ASSESSED FROM WORK MOTIVATION, JOB SATISFACTION AND COMPENSATION IN SMP BATIK SURAKARTA
Authors: Rahmawati Galuh Pertiwi
Published: March 2021

Researchers conducted observations at SMP Batik Surakarta with the object of teacher research as a sample in order to determine the relationship between work motivation, job satisfaction and compensation with teacher performance. The research method is in the form of survey research using quantitative research with a sample size of about 48 teachers. The data collection method used a questionnaire with a saturated sampling technique. Processing of data using the SPSS program using multiple regression equation analysis tools. The results of the analysis can be obtained that the variables of motivation, job satisfaction and compensation have a simultaneous effect on the performance of teachers of SMP Batik Surakarta. Motivation has a significant effect on the performance of teachers in SMP Batik Surakarta. Job Satisfaction has a significant effect on the teacher performance of SMP Batik Surakarta. Compensation has a significant effect on the performance of teachers at SMP Batik Surakarta. The results of the observation show that simultaneously the independent variables which include work motivation, job satisfaction and compensation have a relationship with teacher performance.

Keywords: Work Motivation; Job Satisfaction; Compensation with Teacher Performance
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan untuk Menilai Tingkat Kesehatan pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam dan Pembiayaan BMT Projo Artha Sejahtera (PAS) di Bantul
Authors: Mujino Mujino , Kusumawardhani Ratih , Cahyani Diah
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate the health level of the savings and loan cooperatives and financing of BMT PAS in terms of: 1) Capital aspect; 2) Management aspect; 3) Liquidity aspect; 4) Aspect of compliance with syariah. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. The subject of this research is the savings and loan cooperatives and financing of BMT PAS in Bantul. The object of this research is the financial statements of 2015 to 2019. The data collection method were used documentation and questionnaire. The calculation use PAP technique was based on Deputy Regulation for the Supervision of the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and medium Enterprises of Republic Indonesia Number 07/Per/Dep.6/IV/2016. The result of this research shows that health level of the savings and loan cooperatives and financing of BMT PAS 2015 to 2019 seen from; 1) Capital aspects of BMT PAS Bantul in 2015 to 2019 criteria are quite healthy; 2) Aspects management of BMT PAS Bantul in 2015 to 2019 criteria are quite healthy; 3) Aspects of liquidity of BMT PAS Bantul in 2015 to 2019 are healthy criteria; 4) Aspects of compliance with syariah principles BMT PAS Bantul from 2015 to 2019 healthy criteria.

Keywords : Financial performance, health level, savings and loan cooperatives and syariah financing.
IMPLIKASI STRUKTUR MODAL, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA SUB SEKTOR PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) PERIODE 2014-2019
Authors: Fatmawati Oktarias , Wiyono Gendro , Cahya Agus Dwi
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the implications of the variable capital structure, managerial ownership, and dividend policy on firm value in the property and real estate sub sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2019 period. The sample in this research is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2019 period with a total of 6 companies obtained using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis which is supported by classical assumption tests such as normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. The results of this study indicate that capital structure has a positive and significant effect on firm value, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on firm value, while dividend policy has no significant effect on firm value. Simultaneously, capital structure, managerial ownership, and dividend policy have a positive and significant effect on firm value.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Managerial Ownership, Dividend Policy dan Firm Value
PENGARUH DIVIDEND YIELD, RETENTION RATIO, EPS, DAN ROE TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Aryanti Rista Puput
Published: March 2021

This research intends to analyze the influence of Dividend Yield, Retention Ratio, Earnings per Share (or EPS), and Return on Equity (or ROE) on the Stock Price. It examines arrange of data set form Banks Company and in Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2012-2014. The researcher utilizes purposive sampling method with 25 Banks Company. The analysis technique used here is multiple regression with the least square difference and hypothesis test using t-statistic to examine partial regression coefficient and f-statistic to examine the mean of mutual effect with level of significant 5%.

Keywords: Dividend Yield, Retention Ratio, EPS, ROE, and Stock Price
Şanlıurfa koşullarında ekinezyanın (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) verim ve bazı bitkisel özeliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZEL Abdülhabip , SATICI Mine
Published: March 2021

Araştırma, Ekinezyanın (E. purpurea (L.) Moench) verim ve bazı tarımsal özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla, Şanlıurfa koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Gözlemler 2017 yılında dikilen bitkilerde, 2018 yaz süresince tesadüfen seçilen, 50 bitkide alınmıştır. Sezon boyunca, bitkilere göre 1-4 biçim alınmış ve biçimlere göre bitki boyu (5.00-70.00 cm), sap sayısı (1.00-5.00 adet/ocak), yan dal sayısı (0.00-16.00 adet/bitki), çiçek sayısı (1.00-17.00 adet/bitki), taze herba verimi (1.00-270.70 g/bitki), kuru herba verimi (0.078-69.76 g/bitki), kuru yaprak verimi (0.005-22.54 g/bitki), taze çiçek verimi (1.00-76.58 g/bitki), kuru çiçek verimi (0.014-17.79 g/bitki), taze kök verimi (4.78-94.85 g/bitki) ve kuru kök verimi (1.35-35.73 g/bitki) gözlemleri alınmıştır. Ayrıca, kuru yaprakta uçucu yağ oranı, kuru kökte uçucu yağ oranı, kuru sapta uçucu yağ oranı, kuru çiçekte uçucu yağ oranı ve kuru rozet yaprakta uçucu yağ oranı ve bitki organlarına göre uçucu yağ bileşenleri dağılımı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler yönünden bitkiler arasında büyük varyasyonlar saptanmış ve en yüksek değerler birinci biçimden elde edilmiştir. Genel olarak sıcaklık artışı geciken biçimlerde verimi düşürmüştür.
Aproximação à Teta Asustada como uma narrativa cinematográfica intercultural hispânica
Authors: León Italo Oscar Riccardi
Published: March 2021

O seguinte artigo tem como objetivo principal desenvolver um estudo cinematográfico intercultural hispânico sobre o filme A Teta Assustada, escrito e dirigido pela cineasta peruana Claudia Llosa que foi premiado com o Urso de Ouro no Festival de Cinema de Berlim em 2009. O enredo do filme narra a história de Fausta, uma jovem garota descendente de ameríndios que padece de uma doença rara denominada teta assustada ou síndrome do susto, nome dado a uma suposta enfermidade transmitida pelo medo e sofrimento da mãe para com seu filho por meio do leite materno que atinge às filhas das mulheres que foram violentadas por terroristas ou soldados do exército peruano na década dos anos oitenta, em um momento de instabilidade social e política da história recente do Peru. A ligação do cinema com a sociedade e cultura fez com que surgissem significativas e estreitas relações desde uma perspectiva de um cinema intercultural que, segundo Hudson (2010), tenta traduzir em imagens a experiência de viver entre duas ou mais culturas e sociedades diferentes, que concebem novas formas de pensar e de conhecimento e se pode considerar um cinema compartilhado por pessoas que sofreram o deslocamento e que viveram modos híbridos, assim como é o caso do filme A Teta Assustada.