bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Administration of Probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum) in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Vaccinated and Challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Guimarães Mateus Cardoso , Cerezo Isabel M. , Fernandez-Alarcon Miguel Frederico , Natori Mariene Miyoko , Sato Luciana Yuri , Kato Camila A. T. , Moriñigo Miguel Angel , Tapia-Paniagua Silvana , Dias Danielle de Carla , Ishikawa Carlos Massatoshi , Ranzani-Paiva Maria José T. , Cassiano Luara Lucena , Bach Erna Elisabeth , Clissa Patrícia B. , Orefice Daniele P. , Tachibana Leonardo
Published: August 2022

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important bacterial pathogen in intensive Nile tilapia production, causing high mortality rates and great economic losses. This work aimed to evaluate the Nile tilapia vaccination against S. agalactiae and fed with ration containing probiotic AQUA PHOTO® composed of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum, on the immune response action and gut microbiota. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (CON = control; ADJ = adjuvant; PRO = probiotic; VAC = vaccine; PRO + VAC = probiotic + vaccine) and five replicates. The vaccine (bacterin + adjuvant) was injected after 21 days (21d) of probiotic feeding and the vaccine was booster 14 days post-vaccination (35d). After 14 days of the booster (49d), the fish were challenged with S. agalactiae and observed for more than 14 days, completing 63 days. The immunized group showed a better survival rate (CON 40%; ADJ 57%; PRO 67%; VAC 87%; PRO + VAC 97%). The treatments VAC and PRO + VAC, after booster produced higher levels of IgM antibodies compared with the control from the same time. The combination of probiotic and vaccination provided better protection against S. agalactiae infection, directly affecting the gut microbiological profile. These results indicated the contribution of probiotic to the adaptive immune response through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, improving the effect of the vaccination. In conclusion, AQUA PHOTO®, composed of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, orally administered to Nile tilapia vaccinated against and challenged with S. agalactiae increases protection from infection and modifies the intestinal microbiota profile of the host, promoting the microbiota balance and improving adaptive immune response.
Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Railroad Tank Wagons
Authors: Nayeri Christian Navid , Tschepe Jonathan , Schulze Harald , Schell Hanno
Published: August 2022

Several geometrical modifications for passive flow control applied to a railroad tank wagon were investigated for the purpose of assessing the potential for the aerodynamic optimization of freight trains. The modifications were designed in accordance with applicable requirements and regulations. Four different modifications were investigated in the wind tunnel of the TU Berlin with 1:25 scaled wagon models: face radius, side skirts, fairing of the roof platform, and the newly introduced inter-wagon discs. In order to simulate the positions of the tested wagon at the end of a long train, the boundary layer on the train model setup was artificially thickened by spires. The Reynolds number was in the range of 0.4 × 106. The results of the experiments show that the proposed measures can reduce the aerodynamic drag of the individual wagon by up to 29%, depending on the location in the train consist. It was also shown that by combining different measures, the individual drag reductions add up. The device with the highest drag reduction was found to be the inter-wagon disc. Three different diameters of the inter-wagon disc were investigated. The largest diameter performed best and was less sensitive to the moving direction of the wagon in comparison to the smaller diameters.
Durum Wheat Fresh Pasta Fortification with Trub, a Beer Industry By-Product
Authors: Lomuscio Elisabetta , Bianchi Federico , Cervini Mariasole , Giuberti Gianluca , Simonato Barbara , Rizzi Corrado
Published: August 2022

Trub is a brewing by-product rich in proteins and fibers. We used trub, after a debittering step, at 5, 10, and 15 g/100 g (PT5, PT10, and PT15, respectively) to fortify durum wheat fresh pasta. Technological and physical–chemical properties, in vitro digestibility, and sensorial characteristics of fortified pasta were determined. The technological aspects of the products were peculiar, suggesting the existence of complex interactions between the gluten network and starch with debittered trub powder. The fortified pasta samples showed a lower glucose release than the control at the end of in vitro starch hydrolysis. Furthermore, in vitro protein digestion rose only in PT15. PT5 and PT10 samples overcame the sensory acceptability threshold of 5, while PT15 showed the lowest acceptability. Debittered trub represents a suitable ingredient in fortified fresh pasta formulation with an up to 10% substitution level without compromising the quality and sensory characteristics of the final product.
Effects of Three Different Withering Treatments on the Aroma of White Tea
Authors: Wu Huiting , Chen Yuyu , Feng Wanzhen , Shen Shanshan , Wei Yuming , Jia Huiyan , Wang Yujie , Deng Weiwei , Ning Jingming
Published: August 2022

White tea (WT) is a slightly fermented tea, and withering is a critical step in its processing. The withering treatment can affect white tea’s aroma; different treatments’ effects were investigated in this study. White tea was withered indoors (IWT), in a withering-tank (WWT), or under sunlight (SWT). Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) results showed that SWT had a more obvious flower aroma, and WWT had a more pronounced grassy aroma. Volatile compounds were extracted and subsequently detected with solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined in addition to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 202 volatile compounds were detected; 35 of these aroma-active compounds met flavor dilution (FD) factor ≥ 4 or odor activity value (OAV) ≥ 1. The nine key potent odorants for which both conditions were met were dimethyl sulfide, 2-methyl-butanal, 1-penten-3-one, hexanal, (Z)-4-heptenal, β-Myrcene, linalool, geraniol, and trans-β-ionone. These results were used with QDA to reveal that SWT had a stronger floral aroma mainly due to an increase of geraniol and linalool. Moreover, WWT had a stronger grassy aroma mainly due to increased hexanal. The results could be used to select processing methods for producing white tea with a superior aroma.
The Effect of Weaning and Slaughter Age on the Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Arouquesa Beef—A PDO Portuguese Meat
Authors: Silva José António , Cardoso Ricardo , Vieira Raquel , Almeida José Carlos , Gomes Maria José , Venâncio Carlos , Patarata Luis
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: Autochthonous breeds meat is well accepted due to its sensory characteristics, perceived low environmental impact, and animal welfare. We aimed to evaluate the effect of weaning and slaughter age on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Arouquesa, a Portuguese Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) meat and to evaluate the psychological effect of knowing the weaning age on the consumer’s hedonic evaluation. (2) Methods: Meat from 26 animals was assigned to 4 groups, with combinations of weaning (W) at 9 or 5 months and slaughter (S) at 9 or 12 months: W9-S9, W9-S12, W5-S9, and W5-S12. The meat was analysed for pH24h, colour (L*a*b*), cooking losses and shear force. A Check All that Apply test was made with 70 consumers; they were also asked to punctuate the hedonic appreciation of anonymous and weaning age-identified meat. (3) Results: W9-S9 were more tender, had lower shear force, and was juicier than W5-S9. When animals were slaughtered at 12 months, there were no differences in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics between the weaning ages. The effect of information about the weaning age influences the consumer’s hedonic evaluation, as revealed by the comparison between the anonymous and identified samples. (4) Later weaning resulted in more tender meat when the slaughter was at 9 months and positively impacted consumer perception.
Determination of Acetamiprid Residues in Vegetables by Indirect Competitive Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Zhu Zixin , Shi Qiuyun , Wu Jianwei , He Kangli , Feng Jianguo , Dong Sa
Published: August 2022

Acetamiprid (ACE) is widely used in various vegetables to control pests, resulting in residues and posing a threat to human health. For the rapid detection of ACE residues in vegetables, an indirect competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) was established. The optimized experimental parameters were as follows: the concentrations of coating antigen (ACE-BSA) and anti-ACE monoclonal antibody were 0.4 and 0.6 µg/mL, respectively; the pre-incubation time of anti-ACE monoclonal antibody and ACE (sample) solution was 30 min; the dilution ratio of goat anti-mouse-HRP antibody was 1:2500; and the reaction time of chemiluminescence was 20 min. The half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50), the detection range (IC10–IC90), and the detection limit (LOD, IC10) of the ic-CLEIA were 10.24, 0.70–96.31, and 0.70 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivity rates of four neonicotinoid structural analogues (nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin) were all less than 10%, showing good specificity. The average recovery rates in Chinese cabbage and cucumber were 82.7–112.2%, with the coefficient of variation (CV) lower than 9.19%, which was highly correlated with the results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The established ic-CLEIA has the advantages of simple pretreatment and detection process, good sensitivity and accuracy, and can meet the needs of rapid screening of ACE residues in vegetables.
Utilization of By-Products from Livestock: Study on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Containers Made with Pork Skin Gelatin Polymer
Authors: Lee Sol-Hee , Kim Hack-Youn
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to develop a biodegradable container made of pork gelatin. Gelatin was extracted from pork skin by hot water at 80 °C, and containers were prepared by adding eggshell powder (20%) as a pore agent, and walnut powder (0.08 wt%; PEW1, 0.14 wt%; PEW2) to improve hardness. The blends were molded for each experiment and dried at 30 °C for 24 h, at 40 °C for 16 h, and at 121 °C for 16 h. The containers were analyzed with respect to morphological (SEM; scanning electron microscope), mechanical (tensile strain and stress), and thermal (DSA; differential scanning calorimetry and TGA; thermogravimetric analysis) properties, as well as biodegradability. SEM investigation showed a smoother surface for PEW1 than for PEW2. The tensile stress of PEW2 (37.86 MPa) was significantly higher than that of PEW1 (28.40 MPa), and the melting enthalpies were 137.60 J/g (PEW1) and 309.60 J/g (PEW2). TGA showed similar properties, but PEW2 contained more lignin; therefore, its decomposition temperature was higher. The PEW1 and PEW2 containers were completely biodegraded after approximately 7 and 11 weeks, respectively. Walnut shell powder increased the hardness, but slowed the biodegradation process. The applications of this biodegradable container are short-lived products such as food packaging.
Effect of Czech Hop Varieties on Aroma of Dry-Hopped Lager Beer
Authors: Tusha Kejda , Nešpor Jakub , Jelínek Lukáš , Vodičková Hana , Kinčl Tomáš , Dostálek Pavel
Published: August 2022

The hoppy aroma in beer is characterized by an overall pleasant profile. The impacts of five Czech hop cultivars, Rubin, Saaz, Vital, Harmonie, and Kazbek, were tested on the hop aroma of the resulting beers, compared with a control beer sample, which was hopped with a commercial hop extract during wort boiling. GC-MS analysis was used for the identification and quantification of aroma-active compounds in the hops and beer. Dry hopping was successful in terms of improving the hoppy aroma in beer. Odorants such as β-myrcene, linalool, geraniol, β-citronellol, humulene epoxide I, and 2-methylbutyl-2-methylpropanoate were found at higher concentrations than the control in all dry-hopped beers. To quantify the success of dry hopping, the transfer rates of hop odorants were calculated. Those of linalool, geraniol and humulene epoxide I were adequate, whereas the transfer rates of polar compounds, e.g., β-myrcene, were relatively low, mostly due to their polarity. Changes in hop oil constituents were clearly notable, with the generation of β-citronellol, the release of other terpene alcohols from their glycosides or oxidation of α-humulene. Yeast metabolism also played an important role in these changes.
Green Technology for Pork Loin Wet Curing—Unconventional Use of Cow and Soy Milk Treated with Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Marcinkowska-Lesiak Monika , Wojtasik-Kalinowska Iwona , Onopiuk Anna , Stelmasiak Adrian , Wierzbicka Agnieszka , Poltorak Andrzej
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using plasma-activated cow and soy milk powders as a substitute for sodium nitrite for wet curing of pork meat (m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum). Pork loin slices were cured for 4 d at refrigerate conditions in four brines: water + salt (NC group), water + salt + sodium nitrite (PC group), water + salt + plasma-activated cow milk powder (B1 group), and water + salt + plasma-activated soy milk powder (B2 group). Importantly, brines from groups PC, B1, and B2 were characterized by the same concentration of NO2− ions (200 ppm). Results show that samples from B1 and B2 groups had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of redness, nitrosylhemochrome content, and lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to samples from the NC group. At the same time, the groups cured with alternative curing agents were characterized by lower residual nitrite content with regard to groups cured with NaNO2. No significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were found in pH and shear force values among the treatments. Finally, the aroma profile of the samples from groups B1 and B2 was similar to the aroma profile of the samples from the PC group (the aroma differed by a maximum of 1.73% in the case of brine containing plasma-activated cow milk powder) but differed significantly from the NC group (the aroma differed in 97.21%). Due to the higher nitrite depletion in the final product, while maintaining the quality parameters similar to traditionally cured pork loins, both alternative curing agents can be recommended, with a predominance of plasma-treated soy milk.
A Numerical Strategy for the Approximate Solution of the Nonlinear Time-Fractional Foam Drainage Equation
Authors: Liu Fenglian , Liu Jinxing , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: August 2022

This study develops a numerical strategy for finding the approximate solution of the nonlinear foam drainage (NFD) equation with a time-fractional derivative. In this paper, we formulate the idea of the Laplace homotopy perturbation transform method (LHPTM) using Laplace transform and the homotopy perturbation method. This approach is free from the heavy calculation of integration and the convolution theorem for the recurrence relation and obtains the solution in the form of a series. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical models are described at various fractional orders. This paper puts forward a practical application to indicate the performance of the proposed method and reveals that all the outputs are in excellent agreement with the exact solutions.
A New Incommensurate Fractional-Order Discrete COVID-19 Model with Vaccinated Individuals Compartment
Authors: Dababneh Amer , Djenina Noureddine , Ouannas Adel , Grassi Giuseppe , Batiha Iqbal M. , Jebril Iqbal H.
Published: August 2022

Fractional-order systems have proved to be accurate in describing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic by virtue of their capability to include the memory effects into the system dynamics. This manuscript presents a novel fractional discrete-time COVID-19 model that includes the number of vaccinated individuals as an additional state variable in the system equations. The paper shows that the proposed compartment model, described by difference equations, has two fixed points, i.e., a disease-free fixed point and an epidemic fixed point. A new theorem is proven which highlights that the pandemic disappears when an inequality involving the percentage of the population in quarantine is satisfied. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to show that the proposed incommensurate fractional-order model is effective in describing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on Dynamic Rheological Behavior of PVA Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ni Qingsheng , Ye Weijuan , Du Miao , Shan Guorong , Song Yihu , Zheng Qiang
Published: August 2022

The rheological behavior of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution is crucial to optimizing the processing technology and performance of PVA products. In this paper, the dynamic rheological behavior of PVA aqueous solution was investigated in detail. PVA solution with a concentration of 10 wt% showed unnormal rheological behaviors, that is, the liquid-like behavior in the high frequency (ω) region and the solid-like behavior in the low ω region. A storage modulus (G′) plateau appears in the relatively low ω region as a gel with a network structure. Different from conventional hydrogel, this plateau has a low modulus, and the corresponding size of the relaxation unit is estimated to be 554 nm, being higher than the size of a whole PVA chain. It is believed that the network mesh is formed by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions among PVA chains. The relaxation time of these meshes is longer than the reptation time of a PVA chain. Based on the relaxation spectrum and calculation analysis, it is found that the destruction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, such as by heating up, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate, and shear operation, will make the relaxation unit (mesh) larger and lead to the left shift of the intersection of G′ and loss modulus (G″). In a PVA solution with a high concentration, multiple meshes of various sizes could be formed and thus generate multiple relaxation peaks. The large-sized meshes mainly contribute to the left shift of the intersection of G′ and G″, and the small-sized meshes contribute to the high plateau modulus. The results in this paper offer a new angle to analyze polymer solutions with strong intermolecular interaction.
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Lipoxygenase Pathways and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Atherogenesis
Authors: Kotlyarov Stanislav
Published: August 2022

Atherosclerosis is one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. Atherosclerosis causes a large number of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. A considerable amount of evidence suggests that inflammation is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Inflammation in the vascular wall has extensive cross-linkages with lipid metabolism, and lipid mediators act as a central link in the regulation of inflammation in the vascular wall. Data on the role of genetics and epigenetic factors in the development of atherosclerosis are of great interest. A growing body of evidence is strengthening the understanding of the significance of gene polymorphism, as well as gene expression dysregulation involved in cross-links between lipid metabolism and the innate immune system. A better understanding of the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is an important step towards solving the problems of its early diagnosis and treatment.
Circular Noncoding RNA hsa_circ_0003570 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jang Se Young , Kim Gyeonghwa , Tak Won Young , Kweon Young Oh , Lee Yu Rim , Han Young Seok , Han Ja Ryung , Park Jung Gil , Kang Min Kyu , Lee Hye Won , Lee Won Kee , Park Soo Young , Hur Keun
Published: August 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are potential biomarkers owing to their stability, tissue specificity, and abundance. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of hsa_circ_0003570 expression and to investigate its potential as a biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated hsa_circ_0003570 expression in 121 HCC tissue samples, its association with clinicopathological characteristics, and overall and progression-free survival. Hsa_circ_0003570 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues. Low hsa_circ_0003570 expression was more common in tumors larger than 5 cm (odds ratio (OR), 6.369; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.725–14.706; p < 0.001), vessel invasion (OR, 5.128; 95% CI, 2.288–11.494; p < 0.001); advanced tumor-node metastasis stage (III/IV; OR, 4.082; 95% CI, 1.866–8.929; p < 0.001); higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (B/C; OR, 3.215; 95% CI, 1.475–6.993; p = 0.003); and higher AFP (>200 ng/mL; OR, 2.475; 95% CI, 1.159–5.291; p = 0.018). High hsa_circ_0003570 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio (HR), 0.541; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.327–0.894; p = 0.017) and progression-free survival (HR, 0.633; 95% CI, 0.402–0.997; p = 0.048). Hsa_circ_0003570 is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC, and further validation of hsa_circ_0003570 is needed.
Prediction of Synaptically Localized RNAs in Human Neurons Using Developmental Brain Gene Expression Data
Authors: Wei Anqi , Wang Liangjiang
Published: August 2022

In the nervous system, synapses are special and pervasive structures between axonal and dendritic terminals, which facilitate electrical and chemical communications among neurons. Extensive studies have been conducted in mice and rats to explore the RNA pool at synapses and investigate RNA transport, local protein synthesis, and synaptic plasticity. However, owing to the experimental difficulties of studying human synaptic transcriptomes, the full pool of human synaptic RNAs remains largely unclear. We developed a new machine learning method, called PredSynRNA, to predict the synaptic localization of human RNAs. Training instances of dendritically localized RNAs were compiled from previous rodent studies, overcoming the shortage of empirical instances of human synaptic RNAs. Using RNA sequence and gene expression data as features, various models with different learning algorithms were constructed and evaluated. Strikingly, the models using the developmental brain gene expression features achieved superior performance for predicting synaptically localized RNAs. We examined the relevant expression features learned by PredSynRNA and used an independent test dataset to further validate the model performance. PredSynRNA models were then applied to the prediction and prioritization of candidate RNAs localized to human synapses, providing valuable targets for experimental investigations into neuronal mechanisms and brain disorders.
Geospatial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technique for Urban Mapping in Coastal Regions of South Aegean Volcanic Arc Islands
Authors: Krassakis Pavlos , Karavias Andreas , Nomikou Paraskevi , Karantzalos Konstantinos , Koukouzas Nikolaos , Kazana Stavroula , Parcharidis Issaak
Published: August 2022

Coastal environments are globally recognized for their spectacular morphological characteristics as well as economic opportunities, such as fisheries and tourism industries. However, climate change, growth in tourism, and constant coastal urban sprawl in some places result in ever-increasing risk in the islands of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc (SAVA), necessitating thoughtful planning and decision making. GEOspatial INTelligence (GEOINT) can play a crucial role in the depiction and analysis of the natural and human surroundings, offering valuable information regarding the identification of vulnerable areas and the forecasting of urbanization rates. This work focuses on the delineation of the coastal zone boundaries, semi-automatization of Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB), and urban mapping using a machine learning algorithm. The developed methodology has been implemented on the islands of Thira (Santorini island complex) and Milos. This study attempts to identify inaccuracies in existing open-source datasets, such as the European Settlement Map (ESM), as a result of the unique combination of the architectural style and bare-soil characteristics of the study areas. During the period 2016–2021, the average accuracy of the developed methodology for urban mapping in terms of the kappa index was 80.15% on Thira and 88.35% on Milos. The results showed that the average urbanization expansion on specified settlements was greater than 22% for both case studies. Ultimately, the findings of this study could contribute to the effective and holistic management of similar coastal regions in the context of climate change adaptation, mitigation strategies, and multi-hazard assessment.
Review of Capillary Rise Experiments for Surface-Active Solutes in the Subsurface
Authors: Boduroglu Sebnem , Bashir Rashid
Published: August 2022

Surface-active solutes that exist in the subsurface either naturally (humic acid) or as a result of anthropogenic activities (alcohols, surfactants, PFAS) alter the hydraulic and geotechnical properties of the unsaturated porous media. The alteration of properties is the result of concentration-dependent surface tension, and/or density, and the contact angle effects. These effects are manifested in the form of changes in water retention and conduction and changes in the suction component of the shear strength. Differences in the spatial distribution of these solutes in the subsurface result in capillary pressure gradients causing flow perturbations. Conceptual and numerical models to understand the effects of these solutes require concentration-dependent consideration of surface tension, density, and the contact angle effects on hydraulic and geotechnical properties of porous media. Capillary rise experiments have been carried out to either quantify the effect of surface-active solutes on the height of capillary rise or to determine the concentration-dependent contact angle changes due to salinity of the pore water. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on capillary rise experiments and how they can potentially be used to characterize the hydraulic and geotechnical properties of unsaturated porous media affected by surface-active solutes.
Identification of a Five-MiRNA Expression Assay to Aid Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Davey Matthew G. , Feeney Gerard , Annuk Heidi , Paganga Maxwell , Holian Emma , Lowery Aoife J. , Kerin Michael J. , Miller Nicola
Published: August 2022

Introduction: One-third of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients present with advanced disease, and establishing control remains a challenge. Identifying novel biomarkers to facilitate earlier diagnosis is imperative in enhancing oncological outcomes. We aimed to create miRNA oncogenic signature to aid CRC diagnosis. Methods: Tumour and tumour-associated normal (TAN) were extracted from 74 patients during surgery for CRC. RNA was isolated and target miRNAs were quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Regression analyses were performed in order to identify miRNA targets capable of differentiating CRC from TAN and compared with two endogenous controls (miR-16 and miR-345) in each sample. Areas under the curve (AUCs) in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were determined. Results: MiR-21 (β-coefficient:3.661, SE:1.720, p = 0.033), miR-31 (β-coefficient:2.783, SE:0.918, p = 0.002), and miR-150 (β-coefficient:−4.404, SE:0.526, p = 0.004) expression profiles differentiated CRC from TAN. In multivariable analyses, increased miR-31 (β-coefficient:2.431, SE:0.715, p < 0.001) and reduced miR-150 (β-coefficient:−4.620, SE:1.319, p < 0.001) independently differentiated CRC from TAN. The highest AUC generated for miR-21, miR-31, and miR-150 in an oncogenic expression assay was 83.0% (95%CI: 61.7–100.0, p < 0.001). In the circulation of 34 independent CRC patients and 5 controls, the mean expression of miR-21 (p = 0.001), miR-31 (p = 0.001), and miR-150 (p < 0.001) differentiated CRC from controls; however, the median expression of miR-21 (p = 0.476), miR-31 (p = 0.933), and miR-150 (p = 0.148) failed to differentiate these groups. Conclusion: This study identified a five-miRNA signature capable of distinguishing CRC from normal tissues with a high diagnostic test accuracy. Further experimentation with this signature is required to elucidate its diagnostic relevance in the circulation of CRC patients.
Effects of an Asthma Education Camp Program on Quality of Life and Asthma Control among Thai Children with Asthma: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Sommanus Sirasuda , Sitcharungsi Raweerat , Lawpoolsri Saranath
Published: August 2022

Caregiver knowledge and management ability can improve asthma control and quality of life (QoL) among children with asthma. A quasi-experimental study was proposed to assess the effect of a 1 day educational camp program on the QoL of children with asthma and on their caregivers’ asthma knowledge and management. Children with asthma and their caregivers were invited to attend a camp. The Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ), Childhood Asthma Control Test score, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were assessed in children at the first, 3 month, 6 month, and 1 year visits. The caregiver’s knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) survey was assessed at each visit. A total of 212 patients were enrolled (mean age: 8.56 ± 1.63 years) but only 72 patients attended the camp. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, asthma severity, or asthma risk factors between camp attendees and non-attendees. The KAP of caregivers who attended the camp was significantly higher than non-attendees at the 3 month and 6 month visits (16.86 ± 2.3 vs. 15.95 ± 2.78 (p = 0.009); 17.25 ± 2.22 vs. 16.7 ± 2.68 (p = 0.04)). QoL did not significantly differ between patient attendees vs. non-attendees. PAQLQ mean score correlated with asthma control, indicating that patients with well-controlled asthma had better QoL than those with unstable asthma control (p < 0.001). An asthma education camp can help increase self-management knowledge, even though its effect may be short-term. Integrating asthma education into routine care could enhance asthma management in children.
Pericapsular Nerve Group Block and Iliopsoas Plane Block: A Scoping Review of Quadriceps Weakness after Two Proclaimed Motor-Sparing Hip Blocks
Authors: Yeoh Shang-Ru , Chou Yen , Chan Shun-Ming , Hou Jin-De , Lin Jui-An
Published: August 2022

Iliopsoas plane (IP) is a fascial plane deep to the iliopsoas complex that can serve as a potential space for the injection of local anesthetics to selectively block the articular branches of femoral nerve and accessory obturator nerve to the anterior hip capsule. Two highly similar ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks that target the IP, pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block and iliopsoas plane block (IPB), were both designed to achieve motor-sparing sensory block to the anterior hip capsule. However, the most recent evidence shows that PENG block can cause 25% or more of quadriceps weakness, while IPB remains the hip block that can preserve quadriceps strength. In this scoping review of quadriceps weakness after PENG block and IPB, we first performed a focused review on the complicated anatomy surrounding the anterior hip capsule. Then, we systematically searched for all currently available cadaveric and clinical studies utilizing PENG block and IPB, with a focus on quadriceps weakness and its potential mechanism from the perspectives of fascial plane spread along and outside of the IP. We conclude that quadriceps weakness after PENG block, which places its needle tip directly deep to iliopsoas tendon (IT), may be the result of iliopectineal bursal injection. The incidental bursal injection, which can be observed on ultrasound as a medial fascial plane spread, can cause bursal rupture/puncture and an anteromedial extra-IP spread to involve the femoral nerve proper within fascia iliaca compartment (FIC). In comparison, IPB places its needle tip lateral to IT and injects just one-fourth of the volume of PENG block. The current evidence, albeit still limited, supports IPB as the true motor-sparing hip block. To avoid quadriceps weakness after PENG block, a more laterally placed needle tip, away from the undersurface of IT, and a reduction in injection volume should be considered. Future studies should focus on comparing the analgesic effects and quadriceps function impairment between PENG block and IPB.
Knowledge of and Attitude towards Epilepsy among the Jordanian Community
Authors: Abuhamdah Sawsan M. A. , Naser Abdallah Y. , Abualshaar Mohammed Ahmed R.
Published: August 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurring seizures that do not have an immediate identifiable cause. It is a disorder with complex symptoms and a wide range of risk factors, with age, genetics, and origin being the most prevalent variations. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of and attitude towards epilepsy among the Jordanian community. Method: An online cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted between 29 March and 15 May 2022 in Jordan. In this study, three previously validated questionnaire items were adapted and employed. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of good knowledge and a positive attitude. Results: A total of 689 participants were involved in this study. A weak level of knowledge about epilepsy was observed among the study participants (35.3%). The participants showed a moderately positive attitude towards epilepsy (63.3%). Being female, holding a bachelor’s degree, knowing anyone who had epilepsy and seeing anyone having an epileptic seizure were factors that positively affected participants’ knowledge about epilepsy. Being aged between 24 and 29 years or being divorced were factors that affected the participants’ attitudes negatively towards epilepsy. Conclusion: The study’s participants had limited knowledge of epilepsy and a favorable attitude toward it. The community’s understanding of epilepsy and attitude toward epilepsy patients should be improved by an informed educational effort on the part of various media platforms. All facets of the community, including parents, should be the focus of these initiatives.
Family Networks, Social Networks, and Life Satisfaction of Older Adults in China
Authors: Cheng Weisong , Song Wenhao , Ye Chunhui , Wang Zhonghan
Published: August 2022

Older adults’ family networks and social networks are important factors that influence life satisfaction, but their transmission mechanisms have not been adequately discussed. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms through which family networks and social networks influence the life satisfaction of older adults. We empirically examined the effects and mechanisms of older adults’ family networks and social networks on their life satisfaction using the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey with a sample size of 11,418 older adults aged 60 years and older. In the research sample, 6.47% of older adults were subjected to at least one form of mistreatment. The research results indicate that family networks (β = 0.0060, p < 0.05) and social networks (β = 0.0122, p < 0.01) have a significant positive effect on older adults’ life satisfaction. The mechanism-of-action test found that family networks and social networks enhance older adults’ life satisfaction, mainly by reducing the level of physical mistreatment they experience, but these networks cannot improve the life satisfaction of the elderly by reducing their emotional mistreatment. Further research found that community-provided medical escorts, home chores, and meal delivery services can all alleviate the decline in life satisfaction among older adults due to emotional mistreatment. This study deepens our understanding of how older adults’ family and social networks affect their life satisfaction as we examine the mediating role of the physical and emotional mistreatment of older adults and discuss the effects of potential policy interventions.
Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Analysis of Prevalence, Incidence, and Survival in a Hospital-Based Study in Ecuador
Authors: Escobar Karime Montes , Vicente-Villardon Jose Luis , Villacís Gonzalez Rosa Elisa , Castillo Cordova Paul Humberto , Sánchez Rodríguez Johanna Mabel , De la Cruz-Velez Melina , Siteneski Aline
Published: August 2022

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a heterogeneous malignancy group of neoplasms, with a limited amount of data from Latin America. Thus, this observational study aimed to provide data about the prevalence, incidence, and survival rates for NET in Ecuadorian hospitals. The study was conducted using data from the Society for the Fight Against Cancer (SOLCA). We evaluated patients with NETs (2000–2020) using the HJ-Biplot method and Cox proportional hazards. Annual age-adjusted incidence and limited-duration prevalence in multivariable analyses as well as hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and survival were obtained. In the years 2000–2020, the age-adjusted incidence rate increased by 9-fold in the stomach and by 7-fold in the breast. The incidence rates were 1.38 per 100,000 persons in the lung and at 1.79 per 100,000 persons in gastroenteropancreatic sites (rectum, stomach, and pancreas). The prevalence increased from 0.0027% in 2000 to 0.0736% in 2019 and 0.0245% in 2020. Overall survival was worse for metastatic NETs (HR, 4.061; 95% CI, 1.932–8.540; p < 0.001) and advanced local NETs (HR, 2.348; 95% CI, 1.007–5.475 p < 0.048) than for localized NETs. In conclusion, the NET incidence increased in the last 20 years and survival decreased over time, especially for metastatic tumors in the pancreas and the nostril.
Needs Analysis for Non-Face-to-Face Services among Older Adults to Reduce Loneliness
Authors: Choi Hee Kyung , Lee Seon Heui
Published: August 2022

Background: Considering older adults’ interests and physical abilities, non-face-to-face services precipitated positive acceptance and reduced loneliness. Developing non-face-to-face services designed after investigating older adults’ needs is necessary. Research question: What is the need for non-face-to-face services to reduce loneliness among older adults in the community? Methods: A questionnaire was developed through a content validity evaluation of a group of experts based on a prior systematic review. The survey was administered to 100 community-dwelling older adults between 15 July and 31 August 2021. The need for non-face-to-face services for older adults was analyzed. Results: This study found that non-face-to-face services precipitate positive perceptions and satisfy the needs of older adults in the community. Additionally, the older adults preferred integrated content from non-face-to-face services. Through the analysis of preference differences according to the general characteristics, this study shows the possibility of inducing participation by developing content that attracts older adults’ attention. Conclusion: This study is expected to provide basic data for content development of non-face-to-face services to reduce loneliness among older adults in the community by investigating their needs.
Plasma Antithrombin Activity during Long-Term Magnesium Sulfate Administration for Preeclampsia without Severe Hypertension
Authors: Moriuchi Kaori , Kawasaki Kaoru , Hayashi Maako , Ueda Akihiko , Yamanishi Yukio , Mogami Haruta , Fujita Kohei , Shiro Reona , Yo Yoshie , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi
Published: August 2022

In preeclampsia, plasma antithrombin activity is decreased, which leads to exacerbation of the disorder. We previously showed that long-term magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration prolonged the pregnancy period and may be able to improve pregnancy outcomes for patients with severe preeclampsia. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in plasma antithrombin activity during long-term MgSO4 administration for patients without severe hypertension. This multicenter retrospective study included patients with preeclampsia and superimposed preeclampsia without severe hypertension at diagnosis. The participants were divided into two groups: MgSO4 nontreatment group (three institutions) and MgSO4 treatment group (one institution). Antithrombin activity from time of diagnosis to delivery were compared between the two groups. In the MgSO4 nontreatment group (n = 16), antithrombin activity prior to delivery was significantly lower than at time of diagnosis (p = 0.015). In three cases, antithrombin activity was less than 60%. On the other hand, in the MgSO4 treatment group (n = 34), antithrombin activity did not change until just before delivery (p = 0.74). There were no cases in which antithrombin activity was decreased below 60%. Long-term MgSO4 administration for preeclampsia without severe hypertension may prevent a decrease in antithrombin activity and improve the disease state of preeclampsia.
Predictors of Basic Activity in Daily Living and Length of Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: I Ting-Jie , Tsai Yu-Lin , Cheng Yuan-Yang
Published: August 2022

Background: Patients recovered from COVID-19 often suffer from the sequelae of the disease, which can hinder the patients’ activity in daily living. Early recognition of the patients at risk of prolonged hospitalization and impaired physical functioning is crucial for early intervention. We aim to identify the predictors of prolonged hospitalization and impaired activity in daily living in this study. Methods: COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a medical center were divided into two groups according to the Barthel index three months after discharge and the median length of hospital stay, respectively. Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test were performed to check the differences between the two groups in patient characteristics as well as hematology tests at the emergency department, the intensive care unit mobility scale (ICUMS), and the medical research council sum score (MRCSS). Logistic regression and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were further performed for the factors with significant differences between the two groups. Results: Both ICUMS and MRCSS showed significant differences between the groups. The ICUMS had an odds ratio of 0.61 and the MRCSS of 0.93 in predicting a Barthel index score less than 100 three months after discharge. The MRCSS had an odds ratio of 0.82 in predicting a prolonged length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Both ICUMS and MRCSS upon admission are predictive of a Barthel index score of less than 100 three months after discharge. On the other hand, only MRCSS has predictive value of a prolonged hospitalization.
A Case of Advanced Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy after Emergency Contraception
Authors: Restaino Stefano , Degano Matilde , Padovani Diana , Biasioli Anna , Capodicasa Valentina , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Driul Lorenza
Published: August 2022

Ectopic pregnancy is a relatively common condition and an important cause of morbidity in women of childbearing age. The most frequent implantation site is the fallopian tube. Most cases are diagnosed in an early gestational period. Patients come to the attention of clinicians for pelvic pain and vaginal blood loss, and consequent diagnosis is made through clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and ultrasound. Other rarer implantation sites such as the abdominal cavity give space for ectopic pregnancy to grow until later gestational ages, delaying diagnosis. This is a rare case of a healthy 41-year-old woman with an advanced ectopic pregnancy after emergency contraception with Ulipristal Acetate. The patient went to visit for amenorrhea after taking a contraceptive. Evaluation with ultrasound demonstrated a 10 + 4 weeks’ unruptured tubal pregnancy with fetal heart rate. The patient underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy without complication. This is the first case of such an advanced ectopic pregnancy in a woman who performed emergency contraception with Ulipristal Acetate.
Characterizations of MYB Transcription Factors in Camellia oleifera Reveal the Key Regulators Involved in Oil Biosynthesis
Authors: Li Sijia , Huang Hu , Ma Xianjin , Hu Zhikang , Li Jiyuan , Yin Hengfu
Published: August 2022

MYB (myeloblastosis) transcription factors plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, little is known about the regulatory roles of MYB family genes underlying seed oil biosynthesis in Camellia oleifera. To identify potential regulators, we performed the genome-wide characterizations of the MYB family genes and their expression profiles in C. oleifera. A total of 186 CoMYB genes were identified, including 128 R2R3-type MYB genes that had conserved R2 and R3 domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the CoR2R3-MYBs formed 25 subgroups and possessed some highly conserved motifs outside the MYB DNA-binding domain. We investigated the promoter regions of CoR2R3-MYBs and revealed a series of cis-acting elements related to development, hormone response, and environmental stress response, suggesting a diversified regulatory mechanism of gene functions. In addition, we identified four tandem clusters containing eleven CoR2R3-MYBs, which indicated that tandem duplications played an important role in the expansion of the CoR2R3-MYB subfamily. Furthermore, we analyzed the global gene expression profiles at five stages during seed development and revealed seven CoR2R3-MYB genes that potentially regulated lipid metabolism and seed maturation in C. oleifera. These results provide new insights into understanding the function of the MYB genes and the genetic improvement of seed oil.
Identification of Two Bacillus Strains with Antimicrobial Activity and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Biocontrol Efficiency
Authors: Li Erfeng , Li Yuxin , Dai Xinyu , Yan Wanrong , Wang Gang
Published: August 2022

Cabbage Fusarium Wilt (CFW) is a serious disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans in many parts of the world. The use of chemical fungicides has placed a heavy burden on the environment and is prone to drug resistance in plant pathogens. As a method with great potential, biological control has attracted the attention of many academics both at home and abroad. In this study, we have found that strains B5 and B6 had a strong inhibitory effect on various pathogens and significantly inhibited mycelium growth. They were both identified as Bacillus velezensis by morphological features, biochemical determinations, 16S rRNA gene and gyrA gene sequence analysis. When different concentrations of bacterial suspension were applied to cabbage seeds, hypocotyl and taproot length increased to varying degrees. The in vivo results showed that B5 and B6 decreased the incidence of cabbage seedling wilt disease, with B6 performing significantly better. Furthermore, B. velezensis B6 had the ability to colonize cabbage plants and rhizosphere soil. Thus, strain B6 has great potential for biocontrol development and this research could lead to the development of a promising biological agent for CFW.