bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angstrom Confinement‐Triggered Adaptive Spin State Transition of CoMn Dual Single Atoms for Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Liu Shengda , Zhao Bowen , Sun Tongze , Zhang Yanan , Wang Ruixin , Huo Mingxin , Zhou Dandan , Zhou Chen , Dong Shuangshi
Published: February 2025

To achieve high selectivity in the transformation from peroxymonosulfate to singlet oxygen, adaptive tuning of atomic spin state as the peroxymonosulfate structure varied is crucial. The angstrom confinement can effectively tune spin state, but developing an adaptive angstrom‐confined atomic system is challenging. Angstrom‐confined cobalt (Co) manganese (Mn) dual single atoms within flexible 2D carbon nitride interlayer are constructed to drive adaptive tuning of spin state by changing atomic coordination under angstrom confinement. The in situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations showed that medium‐spin Co in Co─N4 absorbed electrons after the adsorption of peroxymonosulfate on CoMn dual single‐atom sites and then cleaved O─H of peroxymonosulfate to facilitate *SO5 generation, while the introduction of *SO5 increased interlayer distance and then cleaved Co─N and Mn─N, resulting in the spin state transition from medium to high. Subsequently, the high‐spin Co and Mn in Co─N2 and Mn─N2 desorbed the *O2 from *SO5, restoring the initial medium spin state. The adaptive spin state transition enhanced 38.6‐fold singlet oxygen yield compared to the unconfined control. The proposed angstrom‐confined diatomic strategy is applicable to serial diatomic catalysts, providing an efficient and universal design scheme for singlet oxygen‐mediated selective wastewater treatment technology at the atomic level.
RNASET2 Deficiency Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis through Cholesterol‐Triggered MET Activation
Authors: Xu Yanquan , Chen Yu , Zhang Jiangang , Wang Jingchun , Yang Shuai , Zhao Huakan , Wu Lei , Lei Juan , Zhou Yu , Peng Jin , Jiang Lu , Chen Qian , Xin Rong , Zhou Jianyun , Li Yongsheng
Published: February 2025

Metastasis remains a significant challenge in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of ribonuclease T2 (RNASET2) in HCC is still uncertain, although it has been reported to have contradictory effects on some cancers. Here, it is demonstrated that RNASET2 knockout leads to significant accumulation of cholesterol, which in turn promotes MET‐mediated HCC metastasis. Mechanistically, the absence of RNASET2 hinders the degradation of RNA into uridine, thereby reducing the conversion to UTP. This reduction restrains glucuronate metabolism and the expression of the related enzyme UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1, ultimately resulting in the accumulation of cholesterol due to decreased formation of glucuronidated‐bile acids. The administration of cholesterol induces the migration and invasion of HCC cells through MET (mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor) activation. However, the deficiency of RNASET2‐induced HCC metastasis can be reversed by blocking MET with shRNA or savolitinib. The study identifies RNASET2 as a key regulator that coordinates RNA, glucuronate, and cholesterol metabolism. Its deficiency drives HCC metastasis through cholesterol‐triggered MET activation. These findings highlight the potential of targeting RNASET2 and MET in improving the prognosis of HCC.
Radiotherapy‐Associated Cellular Senescence and EMT Alterations Contribute to Distinct Disease Relapse Patterns in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ma Jun , Zhang Jun , Hu Minjie , Cheng Jinlin , Hu Bin , Zhou Junjun , Zhou Di , Bai Yongrui , Ma Xiumei , Tang Jianming , Chen Haiyan , Jing Ying
Published: February 2025

A notable number of locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC) patients experience local or distant disease relapse following radiotherapy. The contribution of tumor microenvironment (TME) to tumor recurrence at different sites remains unclear. Here, single‐nucleus RNA sequencing data from 28 pre‐ and on‐treatment LACC samples from patients with different disease relapse patterns is analyzed. The findings revealed opposing alterations in the expression levels of the cellular senescence pathway after radiotherapy in patients with local and distant relapses. In contrast, an increase in the expression of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition module after radiotherapy in both relapse groups is observed. Cell–cell interactions, drug‐target expression analyses in malignant cells after radiation, and multiplex immunofluorescence of tumor tissue identified interleukin‐1 receptor type I (IL1R1) as a potential therapeutic target. It is demonstrated that combining the IL1R1 inhibitor anakinra with radiation can mitigate the effects of radiation on tumor cells. This study highlights the distinct roles of cellular senescence and EMT in tumor recurrence.
Lgals3 Promotes Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation and Kidney Injury Through Histone Lactylation‐Mediated FGFR4 Activation
Authors: Ye Zehua , Sun Yushi , Yang Songyuan , Li Lei , Li Bojun , Xia Yuqi , Yuan Tianhui , Yu Weimin , Chen Lijia , Zhou Xiangjun , Cheng Fan
Published: February 2025

The incidence of kidney stones is increasing worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism of the process of kidney stone formation and the kidney damage caused are not well understood. Here, it is observed that Lgals3, a β‐galactoside‐binding protein, is significantly increased in tissues with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, and in both in vivo and in vitro models. Lgals3 expression is positively correlated with the deposition of CaOx crystals. Knockout of Lgals3 markedly reduces the deposition of CaOx crystal and renal fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, Lgals3 deficiency decrease the glycolytic rate and lactate production during the process of CaOx deposition and inhibited histone lactylation of H3K18la. Mechanistic studies shows that Lgals3 directly interacted with the key glycolysis protein pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and promoted its expression by modulating E3 ligase Trim21, preventing the ubiquitination of PKM2. Furthermore, H3K18 lactylation promoted CaOx crystal deposition and kidney injury in vivo and in vitro. Lgals3 deficiency inhibites the transcription, activation, and expression of FGFR4 through inhibition of H3K18la. These findings suggest that Lgals3 may play a key role in CaOx stone formation and kidney injury by interacting with PKM2 and promoting both H3K18la‐mediated gene transcription and activation.
Biomineralized Nanocomposite‐Integrated Microneedle Patch for Combined Brachytherapy and Photothermal Therapy in Postoperative Melanoma Recurrence and Infectious Wound Healing
Authors: Liu Peng , Hao Lu , Hsu Jessica C. , Zhou Ming , Luo Zhisheng , Peng Ying , Cai Weibo , Hu Shuo
Published: February 2025

In the surgical management of malignant melanoma, incomplete tumor resection and large‐area cutaneous defects are major contributors to high locoregional recurrence and uncontrolled wound infections, resulting in poor prognosis and prolonged recovery times for patients. Herein, a versatile nanocomposite microneedle patch (referred to as GM‐Ag2S/Ca32P) is designed to simultaneously eliminate residual tumor post‐surgery and promote the healing of infectious wounds. This microneedle patch effectively penetrates subcutaneous tissues, delivering therapeutic payloads to infiltrating tumor cells and bacteria. The Ag2S/Ca32P nanocomposites encapsulated within the microneedle patch decompose in the acidic microenvironment of tumors and bacterial biofilms, releasing radioactive 32P and Ag2S nanodots, which enhance tumor eradication and bacteria killing through synergistic brachytherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT). Moreover, the nanocomposite microneedle patch promotes scar‐free wound healing by reducing inflammation, and promoting granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, thanks to localized hyperthermia, radiation, and the swelling and biodegradation of the microneedle matrices. This microneedle patch‐based postoperative adjuvant therapy offers a comprehensive strategy for addressing melanoma recurrence and infectious wound healing, with promising potential for clinical application in postsurgical management.
One‐step Centimeter‐Scale Growth of Sub‐100‐nm Perovskite Single‐Crystal Arrays in Ambient Air for Color Painting
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Sun Zhao , Gan Zhuofei , Liang Chuwei , Chen Liyang , Mo Hongbo , Jiang Yuanzhi , Yuan Mingjian , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Kim Ji Tae , Li Wen‐Di
Published: February 2025

Halide perovskite single crystals have demonstrated enormous potential for next‐generation integrated optoelectronic devices. However, there is a lack of a facile method to realize the controllable growth of large‐scale, high‐quality, and high‐resolution perovskite single crystal arrays on diverse types of substrates, which hinders their application in practical scenarios. Here, a one‐step wettability‐guided blade coating approach is reported for the rapid in situ crystallization of large‐scale, multicolor, and sub‐100 nm perovskite single‐crystal arrays in the ambient environment. By this strategy, the physical dimensions of perovskite single crystals can be precisely regulated from 90 to 260 nm, with a size variation coefficient < 10% and an area of over 900 mm2. All three typicalhalogen perovskites for multi‐color luminescence, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and their mixtures (Cl/Br or Br/I systems), are appliable to this fabrication process through the demonstration of complex RGB patterns with remarkable photoluminescence properties. Moreover, various rigid substrates such as silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon (Si), and glass can also be used to construct the wettability‐constrast templates where perovskite crystal nucleate and grow. After that, the perovskite single‐crystal arrays or complex patterns can be transferred onto flexible substrates, for instance, COC. This method combines convenient solution processing with conventional photolithography to prepare the high‐resolution, large‐area, and superior‐quality perovskite single crystal arrays in a high‐throughput manner, showing great potential in the integration of perovskite nano‐optoelectronic devices and chips.
Pyridyl‐Imine‐Functionalized Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Optimal Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Zixuan , Cai Bingzi , Zou Ying , Zhang Di , Liang Yizhao , Zhou Yibo , Ma Yu , Wang Xin , Shi Bo , Chen Wen‐Kai , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Xiaojia
Published: February 2025

The artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using semiconductor photocatalysts is gaining attention as an eco‐friendly and energy‐efficient method. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show great promise in enhancing photocatalytic H2O2 production due to their tunable structures and functional diversity. However, the efficiency of H2O2 generation is close to the photoelectric properties of COFs and the microenvironment of their active sites. Herein, the synthesis of pyridyl‐imine‐functionalized COFs (PyIm‐COFs) featuring donor–acceptor (D–A) moieties to improve H2O2 production efficiency is reported. By employing benzothiadiazole (BT) units with varied fluorine substitutions, the electronic environment of the active sites, optimizing the selective two‐electron (2e−) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), is tuned. Among the synthesized COFs, PyIm‐BT_F exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 5342 µmol g−1 h−1. The importance of D–A moieties in the rational design of COF‐based photocatalysts, providing a novel strategy for sustainable H2O2 production through optimized active site environments, is underscored.
Identification of Novel Variants in the NHS in Four Turkish Patients With Nance–Horan Syndrome
Authors: Alavanda Ceren , Arslan Ateş Esra , Demir Şenol , Polat Hamza , Hanoğlu Onur , Arman Ahmet , Geçkinli Bilgen Bilge
Published: February 2025

Nance–Horan Syndrome (NHS) is an ultra‐rare syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism, teeth, and eye abnormalities. Pathogenic variants in NHS are responsible for NHS. Herein, we report four Turkish patients from two unrelated families having dysmorphic facial features, congenital bilateral cataracts, and dental anomalies. Molecular studies revealed two novel hemizygous (c.136_137del; p.Leu46Glyfs*136 and c.2690del; p.Thr897Serfs*19) variants in the NHS inherited from their mothers. In family 1, the mother and her children also carried a heterozygous known c.645G>A (p.Trp215*) AIPL1 variant, which explains the cone‐rod dystrophy (CRD). This is the first report documenting the coexistence of NHS and AIPL1‐related CRD.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Biomass‐Derived Aromatic Alcohols over 2D‐Mo2COx MXene by a Reversible Redox‐Relay Mechanism
Authors: Hu Yangye , Cai Jianxin , Sheng Guoqiang , Zhao Zepeng , Liu Yong , Liu Shuting , Tu Shaobo , Tian Yajie , Lu Haijiao , Wang Jun , Deng Shuguang , Deng Qiang
Published: February 2025

Selective CH2–OH hydrogenolysis of biomass‐derived aromatic alcohols to produce methyl aromatics is crucial for synthesizing sustainable fuels and chemicals; yet traditional metal–acid bifunctional catalysis possesses significant challenges owing to its complex reaction network. Herein, a 2D‐Mo2COx MXene was fabricated, demonstrating an efficient hydrogenolysis of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural into 5‐methyl furfural, achieving an impressive yield (99.5%) at the mild reaction temperature of 90°C. Catalytic mechanism investigations reveal that 2D‐Mo2COx facilitate the activation and cleavage of the CH2–OH bond through a redox mechanism, driven by the strong CH2–OH affinity of the Mo–Mo metallic plane. In the absence of H2, hydrogen from O–H group is the source for methyl formation from CH2–OH. Under a H2 atmosphere, H2 is activated to remove residual oxygen species, boosting selective hydrogenolysis while suppressing furan and CH=O hydrogenation. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited broad universality for synthesizing methyl aromatics from various furfuryl alcohols, benzyl alcohols, and hydroxycyclopentenones. This study presents a novel redox‐relay mechanism in advanced MXene catalysis, offering a straightforward hydrogenolysis pathway for challenging substrates.
Optimization analysis of epoxidation of silkworm pupae oil with citric acid and eco‐friendly oil coating on mild steel for corrosion protection
Authors: Nandhini Dhanavel , Halada Nandakrishnan Meenakshi , Viswanatha Ramarao
Published: February 2025

Silkworm pupae oil (SPO) with high amount of unsaturation due to rich in oleic acid and α‐linolenic acids has been chosen for this investigation. Epoxidized silkworm pupae oil (ESPO) was produced by in situ generated peroxycitric with citric acid (CA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Literature covering the topic of epoxidation, including the catalytic aspect, is vast. No review articles have been written on the synthesis of epoxides from SPO without the catalyst to the best of our knowledge. Here, CA itself behaves as an oxygen carrier without any catalyst and H2O2 as an oxygen donor, which favors the epoxidation reaction. The epoxidation process was optimized by factors like temperature, time, and CA ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of epoxy groups and the absence of (CC) bonds in ESPO. Optimal conditions for epoxidation were 70 °C, 0.75 mol/L CA, and 7 h, resulting in 92.1% double bond conversion (DBC) and 84.7% relative oxirane conversion (RC). The polymerized ESPO coated on mild steel (MS) exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance, with inhibition efficiency rising from 83.86% to 99.42% due to effective pore prevention and ion modification during curing.
Spatial and temporal dependence in distribution‐based evaluation of CMIP6 daily maximum temperatures
Authors: Virdee Mala , Kazlauskaite Ieva , Boland Emma J. D. , Shuckburgh Emily , Ming Alison
Published: February 2025

Climate models are increasingly used to derive localised, specific information to guide adaptation to climate change. Model projections of future scenarios are conferred credibility by evaluating model skill in reproducing large‐scale properties of the observed climate system. Model evaluation at fine spatial and temporal scales and for rare extreme events is critical for provision of reliable adaptation‐relevant information, but may be challenging given significant internal variability and limited observed data in this setting. Comparing distributions of physical variables from historical simulations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models against observed distributions provides a comprehensive, concise and physically‐justified skill measure. Calculating divergence between distributions requires aggregation of data spatially or temporally. The spatial and temporal scales at which a divergence measure converges to a consistent value can indicate the scales at which a well‐defined climate signal emerges from internal variability. Below this threshold, there may be insufficient data for robust evaluation, particularly for rare extremes. Here, the behaviour of several divergence measures in response to spatial and temporal aggregation is analysed empirically to give a novel evaluation of CMIP6 daily maximum temperature simulations against reanalysis. Some key insights presented here can inform methodological choices made when deriving adaptation‐relevant information. Convergence varies according to model, geographic region and divergence measure; selection of the level of precision at which models can provide reliable information therefore requires a context‐specific understanding. For this purpose, an interactive tool provided alongside this study demonstrates scale‐dependent evaluation across several geographic regions. Commonly applied measures are found to be only weakly sensitive to discrepancies in the tails of distributions.
The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS2) and Its Applicability in an Iranian Sample
Authors: Samadi Sayyed Ali , Mahmoodizadeh Ameneh , Foladgar Mehdi , Moradi Shahnaz Bakhshalizadeh , Lotfi Baran , McConkey Roy
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Second Edition (CARS2) in diagnosing individuals with autism in Iran. A mixed‐method approach was used and 313 participants were recruited, with an age range of 2–32 years, for CARS2‐Standard Form (ST) and 218 individuals aged 6–25 years for CARS2‐High Functioning (HF). The participants were recruited from daycare centers, schools, and clinics with different developmental trajectories: autism, intellectual disabilities, and neurotypical development. All participants with autism and intellectual disabilities had been clinically diagnosed previously. In addition, the CARS2‐Questionnaire of Parent Concerns (QPC) was used to gather qualitative data on 30 randomly selected parents and the perspectives of the 20 test administrators were also collected. The CARS2 had high internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, and test–retest reliability. Factor analyses revealed a one‐factor structure for CARS2‐ST and a three‐factor structure for CARS2‐HF. When adjustments were made to the cut‐off points, the discriminant analyses indicated that CARS2 effectively differentiated between those with autism and typical development but less so with persons who had intellectual disabilities. The qualitative data analysis and the extracted themes suggest that the CARS2‐QPC is a valid tool for collecting autism‐related information from parents. Our findings suggest that the CARS2 is broadly a reliable and valid instrument for diagnosing autism spectrum in Iran in the absence of more extensive assessments.
Prognostic and Diagnostic Value of Platelet Distribution Width in COPD Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xie Xiang , Wang Yan , Tian Suochen , Cao Dongming
Published: February 2025

The objective of the study was to investigate the value of platelet distribution width (PDW) as a prognostic biomarker by comparing PDW between COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) (PASP 50 mmHg) and those without PH (PASP < 50 mmHg) and to explore its diagnostic and predictive value in this population. A retrospective study of 270 COPD patients in Liaocheng People's Hospital (July 2018 to July 2019) was done by dividing them into two groups according to pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP): COPD‐only (PASP <50 mmHg) and COPD with PH (PASP ≥50 mmHg). Routine blood tests, C‐reactive protein, pulmonary function tests, echocardiography, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Questionnaire (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire were performed. PDW was higher in COPD with PH group than COPD‐only group. After adjusting for confounders including age, smoking history, CAT scores, white blood cell count, PDW, and NT‐proBNP in COPD with PH, PDW was positively correlated with various parameters. PDW can diagnose COPD with PH, also prognostic value and cardiovascular distinction in these patients. The study concluded that PDW is a prognostic marker, reflecting pulmonary and cardiovascular physiology in COPD patients with PH. It can be used for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized management for this high‐risk population.
Readiness for Mandatory Climate‐Related Disclosures: A Tri‐Jurisdictional Analysis of Governance Attributes in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom
Authors: Moses Olayinka , Bui Binh , Houqe Muhammad Nurul , Borghei Zahra
Published: February 2025

We evaluate the preparedness of companies in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom to comply with emerging mandatory climate‐related disclosures (CRDs) aligned with TCFD recommendations, using their Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) information. Our analysis also examines the corporate governance attributes influencing their readiness to disclose such information. The findings reveal a strong integration of the Governance aspect of TCFD‐recommended disclosure, with an 86% alignment between CDP and TCFD disclosures in the Governance theme. However, lower alignment is observed for Strategy (50%) and Metrics and Targets (49%), highlighting the need for immediate improvements in these areas. Firms with more gender‐diverse boards and the presence of a sustainability committee demonstrate greater readiness to comply with CRDs consistent with TCFD recommendations. These insights shed light on firms' readiness for emerging mandatory CRD across jurisdictions, especially considering the new IFRS sustainability standards. The results underscore the urgent need to enhance competencies in Strategy and Metrics and Targets, where alignment is weakest. Practically, by documenting these insights, we provide managers with early guidance on the implications of their current CRD practices. This is especially relevant for firms subject to, or soon to be impacted by, mandatory sustainability regulations in their jurisdictions. The findings hold paramount significance for managers, policymakers and regulators.
Antecedents and Consequences of Viewers' Engagement Toward Vlogging
Authors: Banik Shanta , Giri Arunangshu , Chatterjee Satakshi
Published: February 2025

Vlogging is increasingly popular for sharing personalized experiences, yet research on audience engagement and behavior is limited. This study, guided by the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), examines the impact of information quality and source credibility on viewer engagement and their behaviors in food (Study 1) and travel vlogs (Study 2). Data are collected from 424 food and 442 travel vlog viewers in India using structured surveys and snowball sampling. Results indicate that information quality and source credibility significantly influence viewer engagement, which affects their social networking and patronage behaviors, with no notable role of gender in these relationships. This research contributes valuable insights to vlogging, highlighting how audience engagement drives behavior and creates value.
In Silico Study, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Novel N‐Thiazole Substituted Acetamide Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Patowary Pooja , Shakya Anshul , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Jamir Lipoksangla , Sahariah Bhargab Jyoti , Gogoi Neelutpal , Singh Udaya Pratap , Bhat Hans Raj
Published: February 2025

In this study, a structurally directed pharmacophore hybridization technique is used to combine the two essential structural scaffolds coumarin and thiazoles in search of a new class of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A library of 120 compounds was designed in two series 5a(1‐15), 5b(16‐30), 5c(31‐45), 5d(46‐60), and 6a(61‐75), 6b(76‐90), 6c(91‐105), 6d(106‐120) using various substituted phenol, β‐ketoesters, and thiazole derivatives. Eleven compounds were identified as potential hybrids using molecular property filter analysis and molecular docking studies, and they comprise N‐substituted thiazole coumarin derivatives. The docking results indicated that compounds 5b16 and 5c35 exhibited strong binding interactions with GLY116, GLY117, TYR332, and HIS438 (ranging from −27.42 to −24.18 kcal/mol) and GLY119, ASP72, and PHE288 (ranging from −32.21 to −25.92 kcal/mol) when tested against AChE (1EVE) and BuChE (1P0I) inhibitors. These compounds were synthesized via conventional methods and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. In vitro anti‐cholinesterase activity results indicated that two compounds, for example, 5b16 and 5c35 showed potent to moderate activity against AChE and BuChE with IC50 (2.00 ± 0.09–29.63 ± 0.48) µM and (34.93 ± 0.62–17.92 ± 0.42) µM, respectively. Our study demonstrated the development of a novel class of hybrid coumarin thiazole derivatives as AChE and BuChE inhibitors, and these compounds could be utilized against ADs.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Balloon‐Assisted Adjacent Vascular Connection Without Stent Protection: Case Report
Authors: Sun Xiaoyi , Shao Xiang , Kong Weixin , Liu Hejing , Li Xiang
Published: February 2025

The aneurysmal dilation and excessive blood flow of the cephalic vein caused by the relative stenosis of the cephalic venous arch are important challenges in the maintenance of arteriovenous fistulas, and the use of adjacent vascular connection without stent protection has shown great advantages over traditional open surgery.
Accurate Determination of Molecular Sizes of a Solute in Water From its Translational Self‐Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Zaccaria Francesco , Macchioni Alceo , Zuccaccia Cristiano
Published: February 2025

Determining accurate molecular dimensions in water, from measured translational self‐diffusion coefficients (Dt), is extremely important in biochemistry, supramolecular chemistry, organometallic chemistry and beyond, but it still represents a big challenge especially for small and medium‐sized molecules. Indeed, current semiempirical adaptations of the Stokes‐Einstein equation, which allow accurate determination of molecular size of solutes in organic solvents, proved inadequate for aqueous systems. To overcome such a major limitation, herein, we introduce a novel approach that unlocks the quantitative interpretation of Dt in water. By analyzing ~70 diverse molecules with volumes ranging from 101 Å3 to 103 Å3, and selecting the partial molar radius (rM) as a reliable proxy for the hydrodynamic radius (rH), we derived a semiempirical equation that enables accurate determination of hydrodynamic volume (VH) of solutes in aqueous solutions, effectively accounting for the distinctive hydrogen‐bonding properties of water. This approach fills a crucial gap, enhancing precise molecular characterization of polar and non‐polar solutes in water.
Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Excretion of [14C]‐Tazemetostat in Patients With B‐Cell Lymphomas or Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Chen Yingxue , Teng Renli , Ogier Julien
Published: February 2025

This open‐label, multicenter study (NCT03010982) evaluated the absolute bioavailability, characterized the disposition and metabolism, and investigated the metabolic profile of tazemetostat, a US Food and Drug Administration–approved inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, following intravenous and oral [14C]‐labeled and unlabeled tazemetostat in patients with B‐cell lymphomas or advanced solid tumors. Patients received oral tazemetostat 800 mg twice daily for 14 days. On Day 15, patients received tazemetostat 800‐mg tablets in a fasted state followed by an intravenous microdose of 12 µg [14C]‐tazemetostat. On Day 16, patients received a [14C]‐tazemetostat 800‐mg solution with a meal, then continued tazemetostat 800 mg twice daily. Blood, plasma, urine, and fecal samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analyses, and recovery and excretion of the radioactivity of [14C]‐labeled/unlabeled tazemetostat and its metabolites. The median absolute bioavailability was 31.8% (range, 20.2%‐49.8%). Notable plasma components were EPZ‐6930, unchanged tazemetostat, EPZ006931, and EPZ034163, accounting for 31.8%, 22.4%, 11.0%, and 3.5% of total drug‐related exposure, respectively. Recovery of radiolabeled material ranged from 93.2% to 94.7%, with most excreted doses recovered within 48 hours in urine and by 96 hours in feces. Fecal elimination represented the principal route of elimination with a mean of 78.9% of the administered radioactive dose and renal excretion accounted for 15.4%.
Redox‐Responsive Side Chain Structural Changes in a Seven‐Membered Cyclic α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid with a Disulfide Bond Enable Reversible Conformational Changes in Peptides
Authors: Oba Makoto , Nonaka Hikaru , Umeno Tomohiro , Kato Takuma , Doi Mitsunobu , Ueda Atsushi , Tanaka Masakazu
Published: February 2025

We report the development of a redox‐responsive system that induces reversible conformational changes in peptides through the design of a seven‐membered cyclic α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid with a disulfide bond, 5‐amino‐1,2‐dithiepane‐5‐carboxylic acid (Dtp). Upon reduction, the disulfide bond in Dtp was cleaved to form thiols, converting Dtp into (2‐mercaptoethyl)homocysteine (Mhc), and this process was reversed by oxidation. Dtp‐containing peptides predominantly adopted 310‐helical conformation in solution, whereas Mhc‐containing peptides exhibited a mixture of helical and other conformations. This redox‐responsive mechanism allows for precise control over peptide secondary structures, making it a promising approach for designing functional helical peptides capable of acting molecular switches in response to intracellular reductive environments.
Evolving Research and Development Landscape for Rare Diseases: Growing Concerns Over Orphan Drug Lag in Japan
Authors: Enya Kazuaki , Kageyama Itsuki , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Lim Yeongjoo , Sengoku Shintaro , Kodama Kota
Published: February 2025

Patients with rare diseases worldwide face substantial unmet therapeutic needs. In Japan, drug lag—delays in drug approval compared to other countries—has resurfaced as a pressing public health issue. This study analyzes orphan drugs (ODs) approved in the United States (US) from 2005 to 2021, examining OD lag trends, and research and development (R&D) models to streamline OD development in Japan. Despite increased OD approval in the United States since 2018, the number of unapproved ODs in Japan has substantially increased. Although OD lag decreased, it has resurged since 2017. This is largely due to changes in the R&D strategies of pharmaceutical companies, which are driven by the growing presence of US‐ and Europe‐based small‐ to mid‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and the evolving industry landscape. Large foreign pharmaceutical companies have shifted toward a global development strategy for Japan, aiming for more efficient development and competitive advantage. This has been propelled by a move toward in‐licensing earlier‐stage drug candidates with global exclusivity from SMEs. Japanese pharmaceutical companies have focused on in‐licensing late‐stage drug candidates for the Japanese market from SMEs without a business presence in Japan, which have not been developed locally, thereby employing a bridging strategy for Japan. With the increase in ODs developed in the United States by these SMEs, this practice has substantially exacerbated the OD lag. As these SMEs are unlikely to enter the Japanese market, it is crucial for Japanese pharmaceutical companies to proactively pursue earlier, more proactive global partnerships with SMEs.
Deacidification of Coconut Oil Using Different Resins: A Comparative Study
Authors: K. P. Bhumika , V. P. Mayookha , K Arun Sharma , G. Suresh Kumar
Published: February 2025

In the food sector, deacidification of vegetable oil is essential for enhancing edible oil's stability, quality, and shelf life. It is still difficult to come up with an efficient deacidification method that makes use of high‐acid‐value oil to produce edible goods that are both high‐quality and value‐added. The present work provides a newly developed, adaptable, and long‐lasting ion exchange deacidification method. Three different ion exchange resins, that is, Amberlite IRA 400 (AMT), Amberlyst A26 (A26), and Dowex WGR‐2 (DOX) at different concentrations were assessed to remove free fatty acids (FFAs) by adsorption using a column, where AMT (85.92%) and A26 (98.02%) showed a good result compared to DOX (75.4%). To further confirm the reduction in the acid value of the treated oil, multiple methods were used, including FFA measurement by titration, gas chromatography (GC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR). All these methods consistently demonstrated a reduction in FFA levels in the oil collected after treatment with resin. Additionally, to assess the effect of the resin on the oil, various physicochemical parameters were analyzed. It was found that most of the tocopherols and tocotrienols were preserved, and there was little to no impact on other key quality parameters.

Practical Applications: Our study offers valuable insights into the development of a deacidification technology for removing FFAs from oil using resins. This environment‐friendly method effectively tackles the challenge of high acidity in oils by efficiently adsorbing FFAs. The use of resins provides an efficient solution while retaining the nutritional properties of the oil, making it an appealing alternative to traditional methods. This technology holds significant potential for industrial applications, such as improving the quality and shelf life of edible oils by removing FFA, as well as reducing waste during alkali treatment. Implementing this technique can help promote better practices in the oil processing industry.
A Novel Strategy for Authentication and Quantification of Porcine and Water Buffalo Hide Gelatin in Processed Products Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Approaches
Authors: Mishra Bidyut Prava , Maheswarappa Naveena B. , Rao B. Eswara , Banerjee Rituparna , Govindaiah Prasad M. , Manohar Balaji B. , Rath Prasana Kumar
Published: February 2025

Pig skin and water buffalo hides were partially hydrolyzed to produce a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides, known as gelatin, a commonly used food additive. Specific peptide markers were explored in the context of authentication and relative quantification of water buffalo hide gelatin (BHG) and porcine skin gelatin (PSG) via multiple reaction monitoring‐mass spectrometry (MRM‐MS). Tryptic gelatin peptides were separated and analyzed with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS), and five unique peptide biomarkers were selected for BHG and PSG. Gelatin extraction from BHG and PSG spiked chicken meat patties (CMP) followed by LC‐MS/MS MRM‐MS revealed two unique bovine gelatin peptides of m/z 781.336 and 852.718 and three unique porcine gelatin peptides of m/z 774.570, 971.776, and 727.436. The optimized MRM‐MS protocol was efficient in detecting BHG/PSG from spiked CMP up to 0.5% (w/w). Twenty‐five commercial food samples were screened, among which four samples showed the presence of BHG and six samples showed the presence of PSG. The proposed LC‐MS/MS MRM strategy provides an efficient and sensitive authentication and traceability of gelatin‐containing highly processed food, bakery, and confectionery products.
Multidimensional Spatiotemporal Clustering – An Application to Environmental Sustainability Scores in Europe
Authors: Morelli Caterina , Boccaletti Simone , Maranzano Paolo , Otto Philipp
Published: February 2025

The assessment of corporate sustainability performance is extremely relevant in facilitating the transition to a green and low‐carbon intensity economy. However, companies located in different areas may be subject to different sustainability and environmental risks and policies. Henceforth, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of the sustainability evaluations of European firms. We leverage a large dataset containing information about companies' sustainability performances, measured by MSCI ESG ratings, and geographical coordinates of firms in Western Europe between 2013 and 2023. By means of a modified version of the Chavent et al. (2018) hierarchical algorithm, we conduct a spatial clustering analysis, combining sustainability and spatial information, and a spatiotemporal clustering analysis, which combines the time dynamics of multiple sustainability features and spatial dissimilarities, to detect groups of firms with homogeneous sustainability performance. We are able to build cross‐national and cross‐industry clusters with remarkable differences in terms of sustainability scores. Among other results, in the spatio‐temporal analysis, we observe a high degree of geographical overlap among clusters, indicating that the temporal dynamics in sustainability assessment are relevant within a multidimensional approach. Our findings help to capture the diversity of ESG ratings across Western Europe and may assist practitioners and policymakers in evaluating companies facing different sustainability‐linked risks in different areas.
Hydrovoltaic Power Generation Depend on Wettability at the Liquid–Solid Interface: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications With Various Resource
Authors: Lee Yejin , Lee Minwoo , Lee Junwoo , Jang Ho Won , Jang Ji‐Soo
Published: February 2025

With the global increase in energy consumption, there is a growing demand for green energy production, which has prompted the development of novel renewable energy sources. Recently, significant momentum has been observed in research on new energy harvesting methods suitable for small devices. In this context, hydrovoltaic power generation, utilizing water due to its ubiquitous presence and easy availability, has emerged as a promising technology. Hydrovoltaic power generation operates by converting the potential energy of water into electrical energy through the interaction between water and materials capable of inducing an electrical potential gradient. The control of material surface wettability, which determines the interaction with water, plays a crucial role in enhancing the electrical output and long‐term stability of power generation systems. This review categorizes the mechanisms of hydrovoltaic power generation into flow and diffusion mechanisms, discussing respective case studies based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. Additionally, representative materials used in hydrovoltaic power generation are discussed and the potential to expand this technology across various fields based on the diverse resources of water is demonstrated. The review concludes with future perspectives, highlighting the applications of hydrovoltaic power generation across multiple domains and outlining directions for future research and development.
A Low‐Dissipation Hybrid Fourth‐Order Center‐Upwind WENO Scheme With Virtual Sub‐Stencil for Compressible Flows
Authors: Tang Shujiang , Liu Chunmei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a novel fourth‐order center‐upwind WENO scheme is proposed for the fifth‐order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non‐Oscillatory) scheme with innovative improvements. This scheme achieves an effective reduction in numerical dissipation and a significant improvement in scheme adaptability by introducing a virtual sub‐stencil dynamically controlled by a switching function. The core of the study lies in the redesign of the sub‐stencil of the fifth‐order WENO, which is decomposed into two two‐point sub‐stencils, and the automatic selection and switching between the sub‐stencils is achieved by the switching function. In addition, the new scheme achieves adaptive optimization under different flow conditions by dynamically adjusting the linear weights, allowing flexible switching between the fourth‐order central and fifth‐order WENO schemes. Through the spectral characterization of the ADR method and the empirical validation of a series of benchmark numerical test cases, the new scheme demonstrates lower power dissipation and higher resolution, verifying its effectiveness and application potential in high‐precision numerical simulations.
Anti‐Violence Human Resource Management and Workplace Violence: Perspectives From Australian Aged Care Managers and Employees
Authors: Cavanagh Jillian , Pariona‐Cabrera Patricia , Bartram Timothy , Meacham Hannah
Published: February 2025

Incidents of workplace violence are commonplace against nurses and personal care assistants (PCAs) employed in aged care facilities. This article examines ways in which managers and human resource (HR) departments manage workplace violence. In this context, understanding anti‐violence human resource management (HRM) practices and other ways in which incidents of violence are managed may have important implications for workforce sustainability. Greenwood and Freeman's [Greenwood, M., & Freeman, R. E. (2011). Ethics and HRM: The Contribution of Stakeholder Theory. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 269–292.] conceptual model of employee engagement and “ethical” HRM underpins this study by focusing on stakeholder engagement and stakeholder agency. We take a qualitative approach to examine workplace violence in aged care facilities in Australia by conducting semi‐structured interviews with 60 participants. We report on narratives of participants highlighting the unethical use of HRM as evidenced by a lack of anti‐violence HRM in aged care facilities. To encourage greater workforce sustainability, we argue that HR departments and managers need to behave ethically and better support the management and mitigation of workplace violence against workers in aged care facilities. Our paper provides new theoretical and practical insights into understanding the role of stakeholder engagement and stakeholder agency, and the moral treatment of employees through the development of anti‐violence HRM within the aged care context.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi‐QoL) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) Questionnaires: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Houjaghan Amirmasoud Kazemzadeh , Behzad Ghazal , Ghorbanpour Sahar , Razavi Seyede Zahra Emami , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Movaseghi Shafieh , Salaminour Negar
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects quality of life (QoL) due to its impact on physical and emotional well‐being. Accurate and reliable tools are needed to assess disease activity and QoL in different cultural contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian versions of the Evaluation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (EASi‐QoL) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) scales in Iranian AS patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 70 AS patients referred to a tertiary hospital in Tehran. Patients completed the EASi‐QoL, and 39 also completed the ASDAS questionnaire. The translation followed the forward–backward method. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest reliability. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Test–retest reliability was examined using Spearman's rank correlation for non‐normally distributed data.

Results

The ICC values for EASi‐QoL ranged from 0.71 to 0.82, while Spearman's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.80. For ASDAS, all items except Question 1 had ICC and Spearman's correlation coefficients above 0.8, indicating high test–retest reliability. The average CVR for EASi‐QoL was 0.56, and for ASDAS it was 0.68. The CVI for relevance, clarity, and simplicity ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 for both scales, confirming good content validity.

Conclusion

The Persian versions of the EASi‐QoL and ASDAS scales demonstrate adequate reliability and validity. These tools are suitable for assessing QoL and disease activity in Iranian AS patients, providing culturally relevant measurements for clinical and research settings.
Baseline audiometric assessment of newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: a multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Housheng , Fan Ting , Lu Yushuang , Que Lilin , Zou Bin , Huang Lulu , Chen Fuli , Liang Xian , Shi Zhiling , Hu Qianxin , Yi Tingzhuang , Liang Leifeng , Hu Kai
Published: February 2025

Hearing impairment is one of the most common chief complaints in newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, but baseline audiometric assessments are seldom reported. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment in this population through comprehensive audiometric testing and analyse the associated factors. A cohort of 187 newly diagnosed NPC patients were recruited from three hospitals. Pre‐treatment comprehensive audiometric assessments, including pure‐tone audiometry, tympanometry, Eustachian tube function tests and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), were performed to evaluate hearing impairment. Patient characteristics and tumour invasion extent were also recorded. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyse factors associated with hearing impairment. Among the patients, 27.5% of ears showed conductive hearing loss (CHL), 13.6% had sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 10.4% demonstrated mixed hearing loss. Additionally, 43.6% of ears exhibited abnormal tympanograms, 86.1% had Eustachian tube dysfunction, and 77.3% failed the DPOAE test. Multivariable analysis identified subjective hearing symptoms, mastoiditis, and invasion of the tensor veli palatini muscle and Eustachian tube as factors associated with CHL. T stage, mastoiditis, and invasion of the tensor veli palatini muscle and nasal cavity were linked to abnormal tympanograms. T stage, sinusitis, and invasion of the levator veli palatini muscle significantly affected Eustachian tube function, while age influenced both SNHL and DPOAE results. Hearing impairment is prevalent among newly diagnosed NPC patients, with over half exhibiting various forms. Comprehensive baseline audiometric assessment in this population is crucial for developing individualized treatment strategies and enabling early intervention to prevent further hearing deterioration.