bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of flowering induction in pitaya induced by supplementary lighting
Authors: Xiong Rui , Chengli Liu , Xu Min , Wei Shuang-Shuang , Tang Hua
Published: April 2019

Background

Pitayas are currently attracting considerable interest as a fruit with many health benefits. However, the lack of natural light after November in Hainan, China, severely restricts the production of pitaya in winter. To further explore the molecular mechanisms regulating flowering in pitaya, we used de novo RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis for four stages of pitaya subjected to light induction.

Results

We assembled 68113 unigenes in total, comprising 29782 unigenes with functional annotations in the NR database, 20716 annotations in SwissProt, 18088 annotations in KOG, and 11059 annotations in KEGG. Comparison between different samples revealed different numbers of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A number of DEGs involved in energy metabolism-related processes and plant hormones were detected. Moreover, we discovered many CONSTANS-LIKE, FLOWERING LOCUS T and other DEGs involved in direct regulation of flowering, along with CDF and TCP, which function as typical transcription factor genes in the flowering process. At the transcriptomic level, we confirmed 13 DEGs with different functions in the time-course response to light-induced flowering by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis.

Conclusions

These DEGs may include some key genes that control the floral-induction network, increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanism of floral regulation in pitaya. These findings will also aid the development of biotechnologies aimed at creating a variant of pitaya that is less sensitive to light conditions and blooms throughout the year.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Collagen family during lactation in water buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)
Authors: Lu Xingrong , Duan Anqin , liang Shasha , Ma Xiaoya , Pang Chunying , Liang Xianwei , Deng Tingxian
Published: April 2019

Background: Collagens, as extracellular matrix molecules, support cells for structural integrity and a variety of other functions, thereby contribute to support mammary basic structure and development. However, little information on the identification and expression profiles in response to the mammary gland of the collagen family in buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) has been reported.
Results: A total of 128 buffalo collagen protein sequences corresponding to 45 collagen genes were identified and classified into six clusters based on their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structure analyses. A transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) analysis inferred that a total of 142 TFBS were predicted within the buffalo collagens, suggesting that different collagen subfamilies harbored different TFBS and played a variety of functions involved in the mammary gland development and lactation. The identified collagen sequences were unequally distributed on 17 chromosomes, 103 of which were determined to be tandem duplicated genes. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis revealed the expression diversity of buffalo collagen genes in various tissues. Most of the identified collagen genes were significantly up-regulated at the early lactation, 6 collagens upregulated at the peak lactation, and only COL24A1 was up-regulated at the late lactation.
Conclusions: The present study provides significant insights into the potential functions of collagen family in dairy buffalo and helps in the functional characterization for collagen genes in further research.
Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveal novel insights into volatile heterosis in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)
Authors: Zheng yucheng , Wang Pengjie , Chen Xuejin , Sun Yun , Yue Chun , Ye naixing
Published: April 2019

Background

Tea aroma is a key indicator for evaluating tea quality. Although notable success in tea aroma has been achieved with heterosis breeding technology, the molecular basis underlying heterosis remains largely unexplored. Thus, the present study concentrates on the volatile heterosis of a broad “high aroma” trait using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy and Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry.

Results

Phenotypically, we found higher terpenoid volatile and green leaf volatile contents by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in the F1 hybrids than in their parental lines. Volatile heterosis was obvious in both F1 hybrids. At the molecular level, the comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed that approximately 41% (9, 027 of 21, 995) of the genes showed non-additive expression, whereas only 7.83% (1, 723 of 21, 995) showed additive expression. Among the non-additive genes, 42.1% showed high parental dominance and 17.6% showed over-dominance. Among DEGs with high parental dominance and over-dominance expression patterns, KEGG and GO analyses found that plant hormone signal transduction, tea plant physiological process related pathways and most pathways associated with tea tree volatiles were enriched. In addition, we identified multiple genes (CsDXS, CsAATC2, CsSPLA2, etc.) and transcription factors (CsMYB1, CsbHLH79, CsWRKY40, etc.) that played important roles in tea aroma heterosis.

Conclusion

Based on transcriptome and metabolite profiling, we conclude that non-additive action plays a major role in tea aroma heterosis. Genes and transcription factors involved in tea volatiles showing over-dominance expression patterns can be considered candidate genes and provide novel clues for breeding high-aroma tea varieties.
Variation of bispectral index in children aged 1-12 years under propofol anesthesia: An observational study
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Jianmin , Yu Jie , Tian Muyang , Cui Xiaohuan , Wu Anshi
Published: April 2019

Background

The use of the bispectral index (BIS) is widespread in pediatric anesthesia, but few studies have attempted to perform a detailed evaluation of how BIS varies according to age in children under propofol anesthesia. This prospective study aimed to explore the exact relationship between BIS value and the age of 1- to 12-year-old children under propofol anesthesia.

Methods

This study enrolled 165 children (1<0.01) as well as among the different age groups (p<0.01) after propofol administration. Post-hoc Bonferroni tests showed a difference in BIS values between groups 1–4 (1
Effects of propofol on mammalian central and peripheral circadian clocks
Authors: Tian Hongni , Yu Ziqing , Zhu Xiwen , Chen Yuanjing , Ren Qian , Lv Sheng-Qing , Zhang Eric Erquan , Yang Tiande , He Huang
Published: April 2019

Background
Circadian rhythm has a significant correlation with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Studies have shown that the anesthetic agent propofol can alter the rhythms of body temperature and activity in rats.
Methods
U2OS cells and ex vivo liver tissue were treated with different concentration of propofol, followed by recording the oscillation of the circadian clock. And two month-old mice were exposed to propofol (10mg/kg and 20mg/kg) or vehicle, detecting the expression of the clock genes.
Results
The results showed that propofol reduced the amplitude and lengthened the period of Per2 oscillation. Treatment with 10 mg/kg propofol significantly increased the expression of D-box binding PAR BZIP transcription factor (Dbp) and clock circadian regulator (Clock) in the liver. Treatment with 20 mg/kg propofol significantly decreased expression of cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (Cry1), Dbp, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (Nr1d1) and Clock and significantly increased the hypoxia signaling pathway genes hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (Hif-1α), Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factors Egln1, Egln2 and Egln3 in the hypothalamus.
Conclusion
The above results indicate that the general anesthetic propofol can change the circadian clock of ex vivo and in vivo mammalian liver tissues.
Building Teaching–Learning Capacities of Online Nurse Educators: Using TPACK to Frame Pedagogical Processes and Identify Required Supports | Renforcer les capacités d’enseignement et d’apprentissage des éducateurs en ligne en soins infirmiers : utiliser le modèle TPACK pour encadrer les processus pédagogiques et repérer les soutiens requis
Authors: Kraglund-Gauthier Wendy , Moseley Jane
Published: April 2019

Quality teaching includes reflective practice, dialogue, and curiosity and depends on personal, institutional, and community assets and constraints, as well as on the individual’s definitions of the roles of education in society. Based on an environmental scan and action research with instructors in an online distance Bachelor of Science, Nursing program for registered nurses, participants identified five “big ideas” involving community, instructors, class, interpersonal relationships, and supports to build capacity around the three elements of technological pedagogical content knowledge, or TPACK (Koehler, Mishra, Akcaoglu, & Rosenberg, 2013).Un enseignement de qualité inclut une pratique réflexive, un dialogue et de la curiosité. Il dépend d’atouts et de contraintes personnelles, institutionnelles et communautaires, ainsi que de la façon dont chaque personne définit les rôles de l’éducation dans la société. En s’appuyant sur une analyse environnementale et une recherche-action auprès des instructeurs d’un programme de soins infirmiers pour infirmiers autorisés dans un baccalauréat en sciences en ligne et à distance, les participants ont repéré cinq « grandes idées » relatives à la collectivité, aux instructeurs, aux relations interpersonnelles et aux soutiens pour renforcer les capacités concernant les trois éléments du contenu technologique pédagogique, ou TPACK (Koehler, Mishra, Akcaoglu, et Rosenberg, 2013).
Massive Open Online Course Instructor Motivations, Innovations, and Designs: Surveys, Interviews, and Course Reviews | Motivations, innovations et conceptions des instructeurs de cours en ligne ouverts à tous : sondages, entrevues et évaluations de cours
Authors: Zhu Meina , Bonk Curtis J. , Sari Annisa R.
Published: April 2019

This mixed methods study explores instructor motivations for offering massive open online courses (MOOCs) as well as the instructional innovations used to enhance the MOOC design. The researchers surveyed 143 MOOC instructors worldwide and then interviewed 12 of these instructors via Zoom. They also extensively reviewed the MOOCs of the interviewees. The primary motivations for offering MOOCs included “growth” needs such as curiosity about MOOCs and the exploration of new ways of teaching. In addition, “relatedness” needs of instructors included reaching more people, showcasing research and teaching, marketing their university, integrating interactive technology, and obtaining peer reviews. The perceived instructional innovations of these MOOC instructors included using problem-based learning, service learning in MOOCs, and shortening the length of videos. Overall, these MOOC instructors were satisfied with their MOOC designs.Cette étude faisant appel à des méthodes mixtes explore les motivations des instructeurs de cours en ligne ouverts à tous ainsi que les innovations pédagogiques utilisées pour améliorer la conception de ces cours. Les chercheurs ont procédé au sondage de 143 instructeurs de cours en ligne ouverts à tous à travers le monde et ont ensuite interviewé 12 de ces instructeurs par l’entremise de Zoom. Ils ont également réalisé un examen approfondi des cours en ligne ouverts à tous des instructeurs interviewés. Les motivations principales pour l’offre de cours en ligne ouverts à tous comprenaient des besoins relatifs à la « croissance », comme la curiosité au sujet de ces cours et l’exploration de nouvelles façons d’enseigner. De plus, les désirs relationnels des instructeurs comprenaient joindre plus de gens, mettre en lumière la recherche et l’enseignement, publiciser leur université, intégrer la technologie interactive et obtenir des évaluations par les pairs. Les innovations pédagogiques perçues par ces instructeurs de cours en ligne ouverts à tous comprenaient l’utilisation de l’apprentissage par résolution de problèmes, de l’apprentissage par le service dans les cours en ligne ouverts à tous et la durée écourtée des vidéos. Dans l’ensemble, les instructeurs de cours en ligne ouverts à tous étaient satisfaits de leur conception de cours.
Motivating EFL Learners Comprehensively: Applying Dörnyei’s Taxonomy of Classroom Motivational Strategies
Authors: Raharja Ernita , Ashadi Ashadi
Published: April 2019

Learning English as a foreign language is considered as a long-term process. During the period of learning, students might undergo ‘ups’ and ‘downs’ issue related to motivation swings. It is believed that motivated learners likely to outperform others who have high language aptitude but possess low motivation. For this reason, EFL teachers are required to involve strategies that captivate EFL students’ motivation. Motivating students should not only rely on immediate teaching strategies or a single activity since learning English as a foreign language is not an immediate process. Students tend to show fluctuated motivation in a time while in the other occasions could suffer in learning. Hence, how motivation is considered as a process rather than a single state is described. Examining other perspective about motivation and the changing of focus in researching motivation show that seeing motivation as a process indicates more promising results for EFL students’ learning accomplishment. Pointing out the importance of motivation in English learning attainment and the need of continuum process in motivating students, this paper offers the practical and comprehensive classroom motivational strategies by applying Dörnyei’s motivational taxonomy.
Regulatory changes and reporting quality: the moderating role of firm characteristics
Authors: Abdulmalik Salau , Che-Ahmad Ayoib
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of regulatory changes on financial reporting quality and audit fees and to further test whether this effect was moderated by firm characteristics (i.e. abnormal audit fees, political connections and overlapping directorship) in Nigeria. This study utilized the data of 90 companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange over the period 2008–2013. Using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique that takes into account the endogeneity nature of financial reporting quality and audit fees model, the results indicated that financial reporting quality improved in the regulatory changes period. However, abnormal audit fees, political connection and overlapping directorship deteriorated the effect. Accordingly, future regulatory reforms must be cognizant of these factors. Even though there are abundant empirical studies on financial regulatory changes and their effects on financial reporting quality, this study provides additional insights into the regulatory change literature by investigating how firm characteristics (abnormal audit fees, political connection and overlapping directorship) moderate the effect of regulatory changes particularly in Nigeria, one of the less developed and underresearched capital markets in the world. Further, the findings of this study are robust with respect to the issues of unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity, which previous studies had failed to consider.
Possible benefits of evaluation the coefficient of variation of active substance of a drug from different manufactures based on benzydamine hydrochloride example
Authors: Smirnov V. V. , Egorenkov E. A.
Published: April 2019

Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity in Russia. The incidence rate is high regardless of age or social group [1]. Sore throat is the most common symptom during ARVI, prevalence rate is 95%[2]. Symptomatic treatment of ARVI requires the use of various drugs, including drugs for pain in the throat. Such preparations are widely represented on the market, while they have a different form and different composition. One of the most popular are sprays containing benzydamine hydrochloride. Professional associations recommend using Benzydamine hydrochloridewhile sore throat, also in paediatric practice [3].In connection with a large number of generics, the issue of standardization of such sprays is topical. To compare the range of the actual concentration of the active substance in interchangeable preparations with different trade names, a comparative determination of the concentrations of benzydamine hydrochloride in sprays of 4 trade names was carried out in 6 different series in each. The quantitative determination was carried out by HPLC with a UV detector. As a result, the active substance concentration ranges were determined in 6 batches of the preparation of each trade name, and the coefficient of variation of concentrations was calculated and conclusions were made on the difference in the indicated indices among preparations of various manufacturers.
New prospects for local etiotropic treatment of acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Shatalov V. A. , Shervashidze S. V.
Published: April 2019

According to WHO, the respiratory system diseases are currently inside the ten most common pathologies. The modern strategy for treating influenza and ARVI gives priority to the antiviral and immunostimulating agents, but the symptomatic drugs, which include preparations based on silver and its compounds, also play an important role. The large positive experience in using silver preparations supported by numerous clinical studies shows their high efficacy and satisfactory safety profile in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nose and upper respiratory tract in children and adults.
The problem with treating sinusitis against the background of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kryukov A. I. , Turovsky A. B. , Kolbanova I. G. , Luchsheva Yu. V. , Musaev K. M. , Karasov A. B.
Published: April 2019

Both allergic rhinitis (AR) and sinusitis are widespread diseases that significantly worsen the patient’s quality of life, lead to significant financial costs and are associated with a huge health burden. When treating any AS, it is necessary to follow three basic principles: address the cause of the disease; eradicate the pathogen; restore drainage of sinuses, aerate and restore CO. The efficacy and speed in the treatment of sinusitis, which arose against the background of allergic inflammation, are comparable to those in the use of oral GCS (Ib level, persuasion scale A). The H1-histamine receptor blocker and competitive histamine antagonist ebastine is one of the most effective and safe latest-generation antihistamine.
Rehabilitation of a voice function in patients with benign laryngeal lesions after surgical treatment
Authors: Starostina S. V. , Svistushkin V. M. , Rakunova E. B.
Published: April 2019

Usually benign laryngeal lesions like cysts, polyps and fibrous masses occurs in result of phonotrauma as reactive changes of the mucous of vocal cords. Presence of organic pathology of larynx is a reason of functional voice disorders. 45 patients in age of 18-70 y.o. with benign laryngeal lesions were investigated. All patients underwent microlaryngoscopy with excision of the lesion in inpatient mode. This article describes complex of pre- and postoperative procedures performed to assess the vocal function in patients. For the surgical excision of lesions «cold-steel» instruments, radiofrequently ablation and laser surgery were used. Authors analysed the correlation between complaints, acoustic voice parameters and the process of mucous recovery. Laser technique is recommended for surgical treatment of benign lesions of larynx. Fibrolaryngoscopy, laryngostroboscopy and computer acoustic assessment of vocal parameters are required before voice normalization. Phonotherapy is indicated n case of persistence of dysphonia.
Features of defeat of ent organs at adult patients with CF
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Sinkov E. V. , Shumkova G. L. , Amelina E. L. , Krasovsky S. A.
Published: April 2019

Among diseases of ENT organs at patients with the CF prevails chronic rhinosinusitis. Stagnation of the infected dense slime in the paranasal sinus and violation of nasal breath aggravates weight of a course of lung pathology. Timely inspection and treatment of pathology of the top airways at patients with CF is necessary. In surgical treatment method of a choice is expanded FESS. This technique allows to keep anatomy of a facial skeleton and to provide a drainage the paranasal sinus. Supervision by the ENT specialist and conservative treatment of a chronic rhinosinusitis has to is carried out during all life of the patient with CF. Continuous use of local mukolitichesky and antibacterial therapy is necessary. As method of delivery of medicines the compressor inhaler with the mode for the chronic rhinosinusitis can serve.
Foreign body of the nasal cavity: case repot
Authors: Eremeeva K. V. , Badalyan L. P.
Published: April 2019

This article presents a clinical case of a foreign body of the nasal cavity. To describe a foreign body in the nose, the term «rhinolite» is used, which originated from the Greek «rhino» (which means «nose») and «lithos» (which means stone). In this observation the optical endoscopy and cone-beam computed tomography demonstrated as the most informative methods for confirm the diagnosis and for determine medical tactics.
YÛSUF HAKÎKÎ BABA’NIN ŞAİR VE ŞİİR ANLAYIŞI
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Kudret Safa
Published: April 2019

Poetika,
şairlerin şiirlerini oluştururken bağlı bulundukları şiir geleneği veya
ekolünün kurallarını ihtiva eden bir terimdir. Her şairin, bağlı bulunduğu şiir
geleneğini irdeleyerek şiir anlayışına yönelik çalışmaların yapılması, şairlerin
aynı zamanda zihin dünyalarını ortaya çıkarmak adına önem arz etmektedir. Dîvân
şiirine bakıldığında poetika konusu; tezkireler, dîvân dîbâceleri, bazı
mesnevîlerin ilgili bölümleri, kasidelerin fahriye bölümleri, gazellerin mahlas
beyitleri ile bazı poetik unsur barındıran beyitler üzerinden
incelenebilmektedir. Şairler, dîvânlarında şiirlerinin güzelliğini ve etkileyiciliğini vurgulamak için türlü sanatlar
ile oldukça fazla sayıda mazmuna başvurmuşlar, böylece şiir ve şaire dâir
görüşlerini eserlerine yansıtmışlardır.

Osmanlı
şairinin dünyaya bakışını ve dolayısıyla da şiirine hâkim olan tasavvufî bakış
açısını ortaya koyan eserler, aynı zamanda Osmanlı toplumunun zihniyet dünyasını
yansıtmaktadır. Mutasavvıf şairler, her şeyden önce şiirde mânânın olması
gerektiğini belirtmişler ve bu eksende hareket ederek eserlerini
oluşturmuşlardır. Şairler, şiirlerinin lafza bakılarak anlaşılamayacağını, mânâ
gözüyle şiire bakan âriflerin şiiri anlayacaklarını dile getirmişlerdir. Bu
meyanda her bir sûfi şairin şiir ve şaire bakışı incelenmeli ve özelden genele
giden bu yolda Osmanlı tasavvuf şiirinin poetikası bir bütün hâlinde ortaya
konulmalıdır.

Bu
çalışmada, mutasavvıf bir şair ve aynı zamanda Bayramî-Melâmîliğinin
Aksaray’daki temsilcisi konumunda olan Yûsuf Hakîkî Baba’nın şair ve şiir
anlayışına yönelik mülâhazaları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu vesile ile
şairin dîvânı, kasidelerinin fahriye bölümleri, gazellerinin makta beyitleri
ile poetik nitelikli diğer beyit ya da bentleri bakımından taranmış, tespit
edilen örnekler çalışmamıza ışık tutmuştur. Yûsuf Hakîkî Baba’nın şair ve şiir
anlayışının tespitine yönelik olan bu çalışma, Bayramî-Melâmîliğinin mümessili
olan bir şairin gözüyle şiir ve şairin nasıl tanımlandığını ortaya koymayı
amaçlamaktadır.
Assessment of runoff treatment operations with combined rainwater treatment system in the old city zone
Authors: Kang Wei , Chai Hongxiang
Published: April 2019

Considering the diversity of pollution degree in different underlying surfaces, and the great difficulty in construction and high economic cost for an existing built community in an older city zone, in order to rationally distribute the load carrying capacity of each treatment facility, a design concept of combined rainwater treatment system was put forward to treat vehicle lane rainwater, square rainwater, and roof rainwater. In this study, one older city zone in Guangming new district, north-western Shenzhen, China was selected to meet the combined treatment of vehicle lane rainwater and roof rainwater, and four typical rainfall events were selected to analyze the water quantity and water quality control effect of this combined rainwater treatment system under different rainfall intensity and rainfall duration. Results showed that under the treatment of initial treatment facility and biological filtration facility, the runoff volume of vehicle lane and roof were all controlled effectively, and the discharge amount of different pollutants was also reduced effectively although initial treatment facility and biological filtration facility could not effectively decrease pollutant concentration. Therefore, this combined treatment of vehicle lane rainwater and roof rainwater can provide reference for the popularization and application of different kinds of combined rainwater treatment systems.
Comparative study of the adsorption capacity of lead (II) ions onto bean husk and fish scale from aqueous solution
Authors: Onwordi Chionyedua T. , Uche Cosmas C. , Ameh Alechine E. , Petrik Leslie F.
Published: April 2019

The present study compared the adsorption capacity of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution onto biopolymer materials (BPMs): (bean husk (BH) and fish scale (FS)). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the BPMs. The optimal conditions of the variables: pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature were ascertained. Experimental data were applied to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin sorption isotherms using the linear equations form. The optimal removal of Pb (II) ions with BH and FS was obtained at pH 7.0 and 6.0, and 0.2 g adsorbent dosage each, respectively. The removal of Pb (II) ions fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic model well for the materials. Equilibrium Langmuir isotherm, which indicated a heterogeneous process, gave a better conformity than the other models used for BH while the Temkin isotherm gave better conformity for FS. The FS reached equilibrium faster (at about 30 min) compared to BH (at about 60 min); however, the processes are both spontaneous and endothermic. The BPMs gave about 90% removal of Pb (II) ions at the optimum dosage when used for textile wastewater. The BPMs, therefore, can be used as effective, low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbents.
Adsorption behaviors of methylene blue on sunflower stem pith
Authors: Liu Xiangyao , Wang Baohui , Jing Guolin , Sun Ya'nan
Published: April 2019

Adsorption behaviors of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using sunflower stem pith (SSP) as adsorbent were investigated. The effects of adsorption conditions such as adsorption time, initial concentration of MB and dosage of SSP on the detoxification of MB were examined. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using three well-known isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm fitted well to the data as compared with another isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model was 277 mg/g at 338 K. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo first order, pseudo second order and the Elovich model. The regression results showed that the MB adsorption was described by the pseudo second order model. Different thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb's free energy (ΔGo), standard enthalpy change (ΔHo) and standard entropy change (ΔSo) were also evaluated. The results showed that the detoxification of MB using SSP as adsorbent was feasible, non-spontaneous and exothermic under experimental conditions.
False Immunosuppressant Measurement by LC-MS/MS Method Due to Radiopaque Agents
Authors: Gönel Ataman , Koyuncu Ismail
Published: April 2019

Background:

Although liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is preferred as a reliable method, some molecules in the blood matrix may lead to false positive or false negative results. False positive or negative results show the direction of the deviation rate from the target value.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of seven different radiopaque agents on four immunosuppressant drugs.

Methods:

Every agent coded with RM1 to RM7 was added to control materials containing tacrolimus, everolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine A drugs. Measurements were performed using an LC-MS/MS instrument. Bias values were calculated to detect the deviation rates.

Results:

All RMs led to false negative results in the tacrolimus and cyclosporine A levels at a rate of -19.77% (95% CI, -27.16 to 12.52) to -44.45% (95% CI, -49.20 to -39.69). The smallest deviations were seen in the everolimus levels with the administration of RM6 (gadodiamide) and in the sirolimus levels with RM1 (gadobutrol) at the rates of 4.04% (95% CI, -11.36 to -3.17) and 2.11% (95% CI, -7.18 to 7.11), respectively. The most affected drug by RM4 (gadopentetate dimeglumine salt) was sirolimus at the rate of 114.01% (95% CI, 97.31 - 130.76). RM5 (gadodiamide) interfered cyclosporine A at the most. The highest deviations were observed with the administration of RM3 (iohexol) in the everolimus and sirolimus levels at the rates of 153.72% (95% CI, 142.44 to 164.78) and 171.41% (95% CI, 157.91 to 184.97), respectively.

Conclusion:

Radiopaque agents interfered the measurement of immunosuppressant drugs. Especially, everolimus and sirolimus levels were affected due to using iohexol. The choice of gadodiamide or ioversol is important to reduce the risk of interference for everolimus measurement. The blood samples should be obtained for measurement of drug levels before contrast-enhanced imaging.
Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship Analysis for Predicting Lipophilicity of Aniline Derivatives (Including some Pharmaceutical Compounds)
Authors: Rezaei Morteza , Mohammadinasab Esmat , Esfahani Tahere Momeni
Published: April 2019

Background:

In this study, we used a hierarchical approach to develop quantitative structureactivity
relationship (QSAR) models for modeling lipophilicity of a set of 81 aniline derivatives containing
some pharmaceutical compounds.

Objective:

The multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least
square regression (PLSR) methods were utilized to construct QSAR models.

Materials & Methods:

Quantum mechanical calculations at the density functional theory level and 6-
311++G** basis set were carried out to obtain the optimized geometry and then, the comprehensive set of
molecular descriptors was computed by using the Dragon software. Genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to
select suitable descriptors which have the most correlation with lipophilicity of the studied compounds.

Results:

It was identified that such descriptors as Barysz matrix (SEigZ), hydrophilicity factor (Hy),
Moriguchi octanol-water partition coefficient (MLOGP), electrophilicity (ω/eV) van der Waals volume
(vWV) and lethal concentration (LC50/molkg-1) are the best descriptors for QSAR modeling. The high
correlation coefficients and the low prediction errors for MLR, PCR and PLSR methods confirmed good
predictability of the three models.

Conclusion:

In present study, the high correlation between experimental and predicted logP values of
aniline derivatives indicated the validation and the good quality of the resulting three regression methods,
but MLR regression procedure was a little better than the PCR and PLSR methods. It was concluded that
the studied aniline derivatives are not hydrophilic compounds and this means these compounds hardly
dissolve in water or an aqueous solvent.
MgRuAl-layered Double Hydroxides (LDH): An Efficient Multifunctional Catalyst for Aldol Condensation and Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Saikia Hemaprobha , Basumatary Sanjay
Published: April 2019

Background:

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are drawing much attention as solid catalysts
in recent years and have applications in various organic transformations as they possess a variety
of basic sites which could be obtained by exchange of metal ions or by intercalation of suitable anions
into their interlayer space. Ru based complexes have widespread catalytic applications in many organic
reactions. Herein, novel ruthenium containing ternary LDH has been synthesized and used as a multifunctional
catalyst for Aldol condensation and transfer hydrogenation reactions.

Methods:

Ternary LDH multifunctional catalyst containing Mg, Ru and Al was prepared by coprecipitation
and hydrothermal treatment. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis, Powder
XRD, FT-IR, BET, TGA, DRS, SEM, EDX, XPS and TEM. The products of the reactions were
characterized by 1H NMR and GC-MS.

Results:

The analysis of catalyst revealed incorporation of Ru in the brucite layers of the LDH and
showed the mosaic single crystal with BET surface area of 84.25 m2 g-1. This catalyst yielded 85–98%
products for Aldol condensation reactions within 4 h reaction time, and 82–98% products for transfer
hydrogenation reactions within 16 h reaction time.

Conclusion:

The resultant MgRuAl-LDH with acid and base sites was found to be highly active and
selective for one-step synthesis of nitrile compounds. The catalyst works more efficiently for Aldol
condensation reactions in shorter reaction times compared to transfer hydrogenation reactions.
Valorization of Carbon Dioxide into Oxazolidinones by Reaction with Aziridines
Authors: Lamb Katie J. , Ingram Ian D.V. , North Michael , Sengoden Mani
Published: April 2019

The reduction of carbon dioxide has gained much attention due to increasing environmental
concerns about global warming associated with carbon emissions from industrial effluents and public
transport etc. In this regard, considerable attention has been devoted to the chemical conversion of
carbon dioxide, and its incorporation into synthetic organic molecules under mild and “green” conditions.
In recent years, significant effort has been dedicated to studying the fixation of carbon dioxide
with aziridines to afford oxazolidinones, which is an environmental friendly and atom economical
process. In this review, we discuss the efficiency of different catalytic systems, by comparing and analyzing
each reaction parameter such as pressure, temperature, substrate scope and product selectivity.
Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment
Authors: Simons Alexis , Bertron Alexandra , Roux Christophe , Laborel-Préneron Aurélie , Aubert Jean-Emmanuel , Roques Christine
Published: April 2019

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.
Структура магнитных флуктуаций плазмы в торсатроне Ураган-3М при редких частотах соударений
Authors: Пашнев В.К. , Сороковой Э.Л. , Петрушеня А.А. , Ожерельев Ф.И.
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluctuations of the poloidal component of the plasma magnetic field in the frequency range of 0.5–50 kHz are studied in the Uragan-3M (U-3M) torsatron. Hydrogen plasma is produced and heated by RF fields at frequencies close to that of the ion cyclotron. The studies are carried out using a set of 15 magnetic sensors installed in one of the torus cross sections. RF heating provided the plasma with rare collision frequencies and the presence of the bootstrap current. The study is carried out when the maximum amplitude of magnetic fluctuations is observed and their connection with the plasma energy content is noticeable. Two types of vibrations are observed. In the first type, the current structure rotates with a certain frequency mainly in the direction of the rotation of electrons in the magnetic field, and the amplitude varies slowly with time (the rotating structure). For the second type, the spatial structure does not rotate, but its amplitude changes with a certain frequency (the standing structure). The frequencies of fluctuations and rotations are close for structures with a given poloidal wave number. The standing vibration structures with different poloidal wave numbers in this frequency range are correlated. The maximum amplitude of the rotating structures is observed with m = 2, and for the standing structures with m = 3 and reaches the values of $$\tilde {B}$$ ≤ 0.3 G in the confinement region. The vibration frequency does not depend on poloidal wave number m for the studied cases; m = 0, 1, 2, 3.
Исследование прочностных характеристик алюминиевого сплава 1230 при растяжении в квазистатическом и динамическом диапазонах параметров нагружения
Authors: Евстифеев А.Д. , Волков Г.А. , Чеврычкина А.А. , Петров Ю.В.
Published: April 2019

AbstractExperimental and theoretical data for the strength performance of 1230 aluminum alloy under tension in the quasi-static and dynamic ranges of loading parameters are presented. Using the structural temporal approach and the sign-perturbed sums algorithm, the feasibility of raising the strain rate of a specimen by decreasing its geometrical size has been estimated.
Магнитогидродинамический принцип 3D-печати для расплавов цветных металлов
Authors: Ошурко В.Б. , Мандель А.М. , Карпова Е.Е. , Шарц А.А. , Соломахо К.Г.
Published: April 2019

The new principle of high-effective 3D-printing for liquid non-ferrous
metals has been suggested. Electric current applies to the flow of liquid metal
creates Ampere’s forces that increases pressure in the lowest part of this
flow. Increased pressure causes raising of crystallisation temperature. The
principal possibility of this process with regard to additional heating caused
by this electric current has been investigated. It has been found that addition of
ferromagnetic supplements could create parameters range wherein crystallization
process is possible.
Состав, структура и механические свойства (Ti-Hf)N-покрытий на титановом сплаве
Authors: Прохоров В.М. , Гладких Е.В. , Иванов Л.А. , Аксененков В.В. , Кириченко А.Н.
Published: April 2019

AbstractVariations of the composition, structure, and mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) of (Ti–Hf)N coatings with increasing Hf content (Ti : Hf ratio) are reported. As test samples, VT6 titanium alloy plates covered by a magnetron-sputtered titanium hafnium nitride coating have been taken. To see how the coating characteristics depend on Hf content, samples with rated compositions (Ti_0.9Hf_0.1)N, (Ti_0.85Hf_0.15)N, (Ti_0.8Hf_0.2)N, and (Ti_0.7Hf_0.3)N have been studied. The surface and depth element distributions have been found, and the phase composition and the dependence of the titanium nitride lattice parameter on Hf content in the coating have been determined. The depth profiling of a coating’s hardness and elastic modulus has been conducted by instrumental indentation. Hardness and elastic modulus have been found to be maximal (~35 and ~500 GPa, respectively) in (Ti_0.85Hf_0.15)N and (Ti_0.8Hf_0.2)N coatings. In addition, the depth distribution of Hf in these coatings has turned out to be most uniform.
Зависимость наклона текстуры и эффективности возбуждения сдвиговых волн пленками ZnO от давления рабочего газа в магнетронной системе на постоянном токе
Authors: Веселов А.Г. , Елманов В.И. , Кирясова О.А. , Никулин Ю.В.
Published: April 2019

AbstractDependence of the texture tilt and excitation efficiency of shear waves on the working gas pressure in an interval of 0.14–0.74 mTorr that corresponds to the transition from collisionless to almost diffusion deposition is studied for the ZnO films with a thickness of about 0.45–1.2 μm that are synthesized in a planar dc magnetron system. It is shown that an increase in the pressure from about 0.14–0.24 to 0.74 mTorr causes a decrease in the tilt angle of the column texture from ~25°–27° to ~7° and a decrease in the efficiency of acoustic excitation. Films that are synthesized at pressures of ~0.14–0.24 mTorr close to the transition from the Townsend to glow discharge exhibit the highest excitation efficiency of shear waves. For such films, the insertion loss reaches a minimum level at thicknesses of 0.45–0.75 μm and the number of echo pulses amounts to 20–40, so that the reflected sound can be observed with a delay of up to 80 μs at a length of an acoustic guiding crystal of 10 mm.
Влияние плотности атомов буферного газа на форму эксимерной полосы HgXe(A-=SUP=-3-=/SUP=-0-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-)-> HgXe(X-=SUP=-1-=/SUP=-0-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-)
Authors: Девдариани А.З. , Загребин А.Л. , Крюков Н.А. , Леднев М.Г. , Тимофеев Н.А.
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe reasons for the discrepancies between the experimental data on the shape of long-wavelength continua near the 6^3 P _1 → 6^1 S _0 resonance line of a mercury atom in a xenon atmosphere obtained by different authors are analyzed. Calculations of spectral profiles for limiting cases of high and low densities of buffer gas atoms lead to the conclusion that the discrepancies are mainly due to the dependence of the rates of three-particle recombination and relaxation processes on the xenon density. Different types of a non-equilibrium or almost equilibrium (at high xenon concentrations) population of rovibrational states of a HgXe( A ^30^+) excimer molecule are formed at different rates of these processes, which affects emission spectral profiles.
Флуоресцентный микроскопический анализ жизнеспособности ооцитов млекопитающих после витрификации-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Абакушина Е.В. , Гельм Ю.В. , Миценык А.С.
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe paper reports the results of a fluorescent microscopy analysis of the viability of oocytes from cattle and pigs after vitrification. Oocytes were frozen in a vitrification media containing varying concentrations of cryoprotectors in several steps with subsequent vitrification. After cryobank storage for 14 days, experimental samples were thawed and oocyte viability was analyzed by oocyte morphology assessment and fluorescent microscopy. Two different kits were used to stain oocytes, one specific for necrosis/apoptosis (Propidium iodide/Alexa Fluor 488 Annexin) and the other specific for live/dead cells (Calcein-AM/ethidium homodimer-1). Fluorescent microscopy of porcine and bovine oocytes has demonstrated that the fluorescent dye Calcein-AM should be chosen to assess oocyte viability, since Propidium iodide and ethidium homodimer-1 do not represent the oocyte cell death. Therefore, Propidium iodide and ethidium homodimer-1 cannot serve as indicators of real oocyte death.
Фотоиндуцированное усиление флуоресценции красителя эванса синего в водном растворе альбумина-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Намыкин А.А. , Хороводов А.П. , Семячкина-Глушковская О.В. , Тучин В.В. , Федосов И.В.
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effect of photoinduced enhancement of Evans blue (EB) dye fluorescence in blood plasma and albumin solution has been considered. Manifestations of the dye fluorescence enhancement in the albumin solution and rat blood plasma have been compared. Saturation of photoinduced fluorescence, the effect of enhanced fluorescence delay, and divergence in fluorescence spectra of the solutions have been found for the first time. Based on the obtained results, a hypothesis about the presence of nonfluorescent complexes with the EB participation in blood plasma is proposed.
Терагерцовый микроскоп на основе эффекта твердотельной иммерсии для визуализации биологических тканей-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Черномырдин Н.В , Кучерявенко А.С , Римская Е.Н , Долганова И.Н , Желнов В.А , Каралкин П.А , Грядунова А.А , Решетов И.В , Лаврухин Д.В , Пономарев Д.С , Карасик В.Е , Зайцев К.И
Published: April 2019

A novel method of terahertz (THz) microscopy was proposed for imaging of biological tissues with sub-wavelength spatial resolution. It allows for overcoming the Abbe diffraction limit and provides a sub-wavelength resolution thanks to the solid immersion effect – i.e. to the reduction in the dimensions of electromagnetic beam caustic, when the beam is focused in free space, at a small distance (smaller than the wavelength) behind the medium featuring high refractive index. An experimental setup realizing the proposed method was developed. It uses a backward wave oscillator, as a THz-wave emitter, and a Golay cell, as a THz-wave detector. In this setup, the radiation is focused behind the silicon hemisphere in order to realize the solid immersion effect. The spatial resolution of 0.15λ was demonstrated for the developed microscope, while the measurements were carried out at the wavelength of λ=500 μm, with the metal-air interface as a test object. Such a high spatial resolution represents a significant advantage over that of the previously reported arrangements of solid immersion microscopes. The solid immersion microscopy does not imply using any diaphragms or other near-field probes for achieving the sub-wavelength spatial resolution; thus, it eliminates the energy losses associated with such elements. The proposed methods were applied for imaging of biological tissues, and the observed results highlight its potential in biology and medicine.
Новые возможности диагностики колоректального рака c помощью оптической системы детекции клеток на основе диэлектрофореза-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Кручинина М.В. , Прудникова Я.И. , Громов А.А. , Генералов В.М. , Генералов К.В. , Кручинин В.Н. , Кручинина Э.В. , Шувалов Г.В. , Яковина И.Н. , Баннова Н.А. , Минин О.В. , Минин И.В.
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe possibilities of using electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) of different stages were demonstrated using optical cell detection system based on the dielectrophoresis method. The deformation amplitude, portion of deformed cells, generalized viscosity, rigidity, equilibrium frequency position, and electrical conductivity were the most significant parameters for determining patients with CRC, as well as early and late stages, included in the created model of a riskometer for the disease diagnosis. The created diagnostic “panels” with a high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity allowed to one determine patients with CRC (specificity 0.91, sensitivity 0.96), as well as early and late stages of the disease (specificity 0.64, sensitivity 0.86).