bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wind Power Forecasting Using Wavelet Decomposition and Elman Neural Network
Authors: Gong Xiao Lu , Hu Zhi Jian , Zhang Meng Lin , Wang He
Published: December 2012

The relevant data sequences provided by numerical weather prediction are decomposed into different frequency bands by using the wavelet decomposition for wind power forecasting. The Elman neural network models are established at different frequency bands respectively, then the output of different networks are combined to get the eventual prediction result. For comparison, Elman neutral network and BP neutral network are used to predict wind power directly. Several error indicators are given to evaluate prediction results of the three methods. The simulation results show that the Elman neural network can achieve good results and that prediction accuracy can be further improved by using the wavelet decomposition simultaneously.
Overview on Key Technologies of Grid-Connected Wind Power Based on Energy Storage
Authors: He Gui Xiong , Jiang Zhe , Jiang Li Min , Yan Hua Guang , Yang Xiao Bing
Published: December 2012

In order to promote the development of wind power and accelerate the efficient use of new energy sources, countries have brought energy storage systems into grid-connected wind farms to achieve efficient and stable operation of the wind power plant. This paper recounts the latest development status and trend of wind power at home and abroad, and introduces the principle of power conversion between energy storage system and wind farm. Based on the existing research results, it analyses power system stability related to wind power, low voltage ride-through ability of wind turbine, wind power penetration limit, as well as power quality issues. It also describes the new ideas about how to use energy storage technologies to solve the problems faced by the wind power.
Very Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction of a Wind Farm Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ma Rui , Hu Shu Ju , Xu Hong Hua
Published: December 2012

Wind speed prediction is critical for wind energy conversion system since it not only can relieve or avoid the disadvantageous impact on power system, but also can enhance the competitive ability of wind power plants against others in electricity markets. The model presented in this paper was based on artificial neural network (ANN) and the selection of the model parameters was presented in detail. The autocorrelation function (ACF) of wind speed time series was used to determine the input variables of the neural network. The simulation was carried out with the proposed ANN model.The conclusion that the optimal network structure may be different corresponding to different error evaluation was drawn through a large number of simulation experiments. And the simulaiton results showed that the ANN model is less than 10.77% in terms of root mean square error and 5.86% in terms of mean absolute error compared with the persistence model.
An Optimal Operation Scheduling for Wind Farm with Storage and Forecasting
Authors: Liu Jun Cheng , Lv Yue Gang , Ma Jing Ran
Published: December 2012

In this paper, the optimal schedule for power output of a wind farm with storage units and forecasting system has been studied. Optimal schedule for wind power output aims at maximizing expected schedule income and minimizing cost over the required period. We present a practical method to solve the problems based on forward dynamic programming algorithm. It is demonstrated by simulation that the method presented in this paper can ensure one to get a feasible and profitable schedule for wind farm.
A Novel Fuzzy Self-Adaption PI Control Method of the Var Compensation of Wind Generator
Authors: Zou Xian Ming , Yang Jun , Zhang Hongyu , Zhu Yu
Published: December 2012

Aiming at the phenomenon that the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) can supply active power and absorb reactive power in the range of normal operation involves stability and transient, this paper proposes a novel method based on the fuzzy self-adaption PI control to control TCR to compensate the reactive power of wind farms required, and to improve the stability of voltage in wind farms. In this research, the wind generator model of being regarded as reactive load is established in Simulink of MATLAB. The results show that: the voltage and current distortion of the wind generator can be restrained well by using the SVC system proposed in this paper, and the stability of voltage and current in wind farms can be improved effectively.
Practical Calculation Method of Downburst Wind Profiles for Engineering Applications
Authors: Dang Hui Xue , Yang Feng Li , Yang Jing Bo
Published: December 2012

Downburst is a kind of strong wind that resulted from the flow downdraft in thunderstorm, which could assert the most serious destruction in the zone nearby ground. Researches on downburst usually focusing on modeling and calculations of downburst wind profiles while the proposed nondimensional empirical models are dispersed for practical engineering applications. Accounting for this problem, diagram for of downburst wind profile calculation is cleared up by assuming jet impinging orthogonally and axisymmetrically to plane ground. Different empirical models, which include maximum horizontal velocity distributions at different radial locations, height distribution of half maximum horizontal velocity along radial direction, and horizontal velocity distributions at different heights with constant radial location, are presented and combined together to calculate dimensional radial wind profiles of horizontal velocity. The obtained wind profiles can be combined with atmosphere boundary layer wind profiles together for practical engineering applications.
Design and Implementation of Wind-Solar Hybrid Street Light Management System Based on ZigBee
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wu Xiao Guang , Zhang Cheng Jun
Published: December 2012

In order to realize remote measure, remote communication and remote control function in wind-solar hybrid street light operation management system, a kind of management system based on ZigBee technology is introduced by this paper. This design is used JN513x series ZigBee wireless communication micro controller to build hardware platform, and is used Modbus protocol to manage all light controllers. The data exchange between each wireless module and the gathering terminal is completed by ZigBee wireless network. The data exchange between each gathering terminal and monitoring center is completed by GPRS/CDMA network. This design has applied to Hunan new energy road lighting project with stability and excellent performance.
Design on Optimization Database of Radiation Protection for Nuclear Facilities Maintenance
Authors: Liu Chun Yu , Zhou Hai Tao
Published: December 2012

The optimization database of radiation protection was designed on nuclear facilities maintenance with SQL Server 2008 in this paper. The database includes four modules, namely system login module, statistical data module, daily module and optimization module. Twenty-three data tables were designed, which could store a mass of data in orderly. The optimization database of radiation protection on nuclear facilities maintenance could store the original monitoring data such as plant radiation levels measurement figure on nuclear facilities for maintenance and maintenance daily. This database also combines with the actual demand in the engineering project to statistics and analysis the data.
The Effect of Appending of I-，Fe2+ and MnO4- to the Electro-Oxidation of Methanol on Platinum Electrode
Authors: Wang Hai Tao , Jin Zhen , Qin Yu Chun
Published: December 2012

Three kinds of ions (I-、Fe2+and MnO4-) were appended into the methanol aqueous solution respectively as an additive and the Cyclic voltammograms of the aqueous solutions were studied. The results showed that Fe2+ had obvious promotion effect for electro-oxidation of methanol and could improve the methanol anodic oxidation current by 85 percent. The promotion effect of the thulium Ions were related with the electronic distribution of these elements and their adsorption on the Pt electrode surface. I- and MnO4- could facilitate the electro-oxidation of methanol at different extent.
Experimental Research on Combustion and Emission Performance for Micro Combustor of MTPV System with Stratified Porous Media
Authors: Wu Jian , Li Bo , Xu Bin , Miao Jia Xuan
Published: December 2012

As the critical component of the system, micro-combustor requires a high and uniform temperature distribution along the wall to meet demands for the band gap of the PV cells. The past experiments have proved that the peak wall temperature of the combustor with porous media increases obviously. This paper will have a research on stratified porous media to enhance the combustion efficiency of the combustor and reduce the emissions.
Direct Thermoelectric Microgeneration Using Residual Heat of Photovoltaic System
Authors: Camargo José Rui , Machado da Silva Jamir , Godoy Junior Ederaldo , da Silva Renan Eduardo , Nicolini do Patrocínio Nunes Luiz Eduardo , Silva Rezende Fabio
Published: December 2012

All photovoltaic panel heats up when exposed to sunlight and this heating reduces the electrical power output of the same. This work presents the use of this unwanted waste heat, converting it into thermal energy directly by means of the Seebeck effect, which is the direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy by means of an arrangement of semiconductor materials that when exposed to temperature gradients generate electric current. In this work emphasis was placed on the influence of temperature on generation processes involved. Thus, the theoretical evaluation, it presents the mathematical models of thermoelectric and photovoltaic systems by raising the curves of voltage, current and electric power generated, and analyses the influence of temperature in each model. To obtain the simulation curves it uses MATLAB ® 5.3, taking into account the parameters of thermoelectric modules and real photovoltaic cells. In practical evaluation, a prototype was assembled containing thermoelectric module attached to the bottom of a photovoltaic panel in order to use the heat energy absorbed by the panel. The data were stored and analyzed, where we observed the influence of temperature in both systems, validating the mathematical modeling. It is the applicability of the mathematical model given the results obtained with the prototype system.
Study on Performance of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater
Authors: Duan Rui
Published: December 2012

This paper introduce the working principle and classification of air source heat pump water heater. Thermodynamic calculation of the air source heat pump water heater is carried out, such as air source heat pump water heating coefficient, energy saving effect, and the cooling effect of the surrounding environment, and primary energy utilization of heating conditions of several forms. The primary energy utilization rate of air source heat pump water heater is the highest, and showing a good energy-saving.
Preliminary Analysis of High-Fluoride Groundwater in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Qiao , Jia Rui Liang , Zhou Jin Long , Yang Guang Yan
Published: December 2012

High-fluoride groundwater has been detected in many parts of China, and some areas of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region also suffer from the problem of high-fluoride groundwater. This article analyzed the distribution characteristics and influence factors of F- mass concentration in 22 groundwater samples collected from plain area of Aksu Prefecture. Several measures to deal with the problem of high-fluoride groundwater are proposed. The results show that: F- mass concentration in plain area of Aksu Prefecture was high in east and west and low in central area; F- mass concentration had positively correlated with the pH value ,mass concentration of Mg2- and ρ (K++Na+)/ρ (Ca2+) ratio, and negatively correlated with mass concentration of Ca2+ and HCO3- , no significant correlation with mass concentration of K++Na+, Cl-, SO42- and TDS.
Simulation and Analysis of Groundwater Environment in Shenfu New Town
Authors: Pan Jun , Liu Yang , Leng Te
Published: December 2012

The quality and quantity of groundwater in Shenfu New Town are simulated use Visual MODFLOW, to analyze the influence of leakage and discharge of the sewage treatment plants in plan in future. Three nitrogen is the factor of water quality simulation. The conclusion is analyzed to put forward measure for protection of groundwater.
Synthesis of Two Different Sizes of CdTe Quantum Dots for Detection of Copper(II) in Seawater
Authors: Wang Hua , Su Yan , Wang Wei , Wang Lijun , Yang Feng
Published: December 2012

The use of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent probes for detection of copper(II) in seawater was evaluated, and the relationship between the size of CdTe QDs and fluorescent response in seawater was investigated. The fluorescence intensity of CdTe QDs was quenched linearly as the concentration of copper(II) increased, and the quenching efficiency increased as the size of the CdTe QDs decreased. The smaller CdTe QDs (emission peak at 518 nm, average diameter of ~2.1 nm) achieved a detection limit of copper(II) of 0.48 μg L−1 under optimal experimental conditions. No significant influence was found for pH in the range from 7.0 to 9.0 in seawater. In contrast, the emission maxima of the CdTe QDs exhibited a slight red shift and the intensity of fluorescence decreased significantly as salinity was increased. Based on the performance of CdTe QDs in this study, small CdTe QDs display enormous potential for detection of copper(II) in seawater.
Simulated Analysis of Exploiting Space Flow Field on the Environmental Wind Influence in the Open Pit Mine
Authors: Liu Jian Lin , Shen Heng Gen , Liang Zhen , Zhou Rui , Fang Min
Published: December 2012

This paper focuses on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the dynamic exploited influence of wind field in the open pit quarry. We have picked up 3 normal exploitation parameters, e.g. the exploited depth z, the type of small hills and the measured velocity u1, 7 simulated experiments have been done by software Fluent as well. In our experiments, the features of velocity field around the mine are shown, with the effects of open pit quarry, so as to analyze the changes of wind speed when it gets through this mine. To be exact, it will be possible to deduce there is negative correlation between the velocity decreased gratitude and the exploited depth. Besides, with the shelter effect of a small hill, the wind speed tends to slow down near this hill, and turn back to rise until the flow leaves the hill far away. The velocity decreasing has positive correlation with the measured velocity u1, and the reverse flow is more likely to appear with higher u1.
Study on Nutrients Uptake Kinetics of Typical Enteromorpha Algae from Lianyungang
Authors: Wang Chun Yan , Xie Hong Quan
Published: December 2012

Green tides outbreak frequently around Lianyungang surrounding waters in recent years. In order to understand the nutrient response relationship with the typical Enteromorpha species, the experiment investigated uptake kinetics of NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P with Michaelis-Menten equation. It was found that the Ks values of Enteromorpha linza are lower than that of Enteromorpha prolifera, which indicated E. linza have a better ability to adapt low nutrient environment. Vmax for various nitrogen species followed the order of NO3-N > NH4-N, indicating ammonia absorption can inhibit the uptake of nitrate. The study provided a theoretical basis for exploring the Enteromorpha outbreak mechanism and marine ecological effects assessment.
Research about Agricultural Monitoring Based on the 3G Technology & Embedded System
Authors: Ma Yong Li
Published: December 2012

Aiming to the agricultural system environment complex situation, this article proposed a design about agricultural monitor based on the 3G technology and embedded system, introduces the system hardware and software design. The system makes use of monitoring terminal completed field data collection and processing, image and data signals access Internet through the 3G wireless network, realize remote monitoring center real-time monitoring agricultural field.
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Temperature and Humidity in Taxodium distichum Shelterbelts of Jiangmen, South China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Su Zhi Yao , Wang Xiang Lin
Published: December 2012

Temporal and spatial patterns of temperature and humidity in shelterbelts of Taxodium distichum were investigated using routine observation and gradient observation methods in sampling plots placed in Taxodium distichum shelterbelts, sugarcane, and open (blank) fields, respectively. The results showed that: 1) Taxodium distichum shelterbelts mitigated air temperature in July. Air temperature of Taxodium distichum shelterbelts was 0.7 °C and 1.7 °C lower than that of sugarcane field and blank field in July, respectively, while less change of air temperature in January was recorded. Air temperature at 20 cm from the ground in the Taxodium distichum shelterbelts was the highest in April, October and January, but the lowest in July; 2) Relative humidity in the Taxodium distichum shelterbelts was higher than in blank field through the four seasons, but lower than in sugarcane field in July, October and January. Relative humidity in sugarcane field and Taxodium distichum shelterbelts was higher near the ground, and relative humidity in sugarcane field increased significantly; 3) One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD indicated that both air temperature and relative humidity were significantly different with a seasonal pattern among shelterbelts of Taxodium distichum, sugarcane field and open field (P＜0.001).
Rapid and Sensitive Competitive Fluorescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Chlortetracycline Residues in Environment
Authors: Yuan Ying Xian , Li Zhao Hui , Jiao Gui Zhi
Published: December 2012

An direct competitive immunofluorescence method was developed in plate to detect chlortetracycline residues in environment using the Lumichrome as fluorescent probe. Different reaction conditions such as pH , the concentration of antigen and antibody and incubation times were assayed. Under optimized conditions, chlortetracycline can be determined in the concentration range of 1×10-8--2×10-4 mol/L, and the linear equation was y=11.363x+93.026, R2=0.99. The detection limit of this method IC90 was 3.74×10-7mol/L. The recoveries of chlortetracycline at various spiking levels in the sludge samples ranged from 95.43% to 104.26%, with relative standard deviations of 3% to 6%. These data demonstrate that the excellent performance of the proposed method in the detection of chlortetracycline in water samples.
A Design of Remote Monitoring System for Radioactive Environments in Difficult Terrain
Authors: Cui Yu Qian , Kong Fan Long , Li Yue
Published: December 2012

In this paper, an innovative remote monitoring system for radioactive environments is presented. Many sites have radioactive contamination areas that range from tank farms to burial sites and process facilities that are being deactivated, where additional monitoring and characterization are required in order to protect workers health and safety. According to that, we proposed an innovative system which is cost-effective, readily deployable and can be used for monitoring, visual characterization and radiological/chemical sampling.
Analysis on Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Mn Emission and Control Technology of Typical Industries
Authors: Yue Tao , Wang Fan , Han Bin Jie , Zuo Peng Lai , Zhang Fan
Published: December 2012

The heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Mn emission characteristics of coal-fired power plant boilers, industrial boilers, lead and zinc smelters, cement kilns, and steel industries were studied in this paper. The removing effects of heavy metals by pollution control technology were analyzed. ICP-AES method was used to measure the contents of heavy metals in solid samples. In addition, M-29, the U.S. EPA isokinetic sampling method was used to sample heavy metals in the flue gas, and the sampled heavy metals were tested by ICP-AES-hydride generator system. For coal-fired boilers, heavy metal contents in descending order were Mn, Pb and Cd in the tested coal. The heavy metals’ emission concentrations of coal-fired industrial boilers were much higher than the heavy metals’ emission concentrations of power plants. For the lead and zinc smelters, Pb and its compounds in flue gas after cleaning can meet the emission standards. The heavy metal contents in the cement raw materials in descending order were Pb, Cr and Cd. For the sintering mixture, the heavy metal contents in descending order were Pb, Cr and Cd as well. The removal effects of heavy metals by existing pollutant control technologies in the various typical industries were also tested and analyzed in the paper. The research did in the paper made a scientific basis for controlling heavy metal emissions from typical industries.
Influence of Humic Acid on Toxicity of Malachite Green to Aquatic Plant
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhou Kai , Shao Xiao Ling , Wu Xiang Yang , Zou Yan Min , Yang Liu Qing
Published: December 2012

In this study the toxicity of malachite green (MG) to aquatic plants (rice seeds) and impact by Aldrich humic acid (HA, used as model dissolved organic matter) were investigated with the germination rate of rice seeds. Results showed that germination rate was decreased from 77% to 1% with the increasing concentration of MG (0-2000 mg L-1), and the obvious dose-response relationship was observed. At the same time, the germination rate was improved from 33% to 50% after the addition of HA (1-500 mg L-1) at the fixed concentration of MG (1000 mg L-1).
Effect of Ozonation and Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation on the Structure of Humic Acids and their Removal
Authors: Jin Peng Kang , Jin Xin , Wang Xiao Chang , Bai Fan
Published: December 2012

Using pyrolysis-GC-MS and HPLC techniques, a series of studies were conducted on the effect of pre-oxidation on the structure of natural humic acids (HA) by ozone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Both ozone and H2O2 could more or less result in direct removal of organic matter, but the removal of UV254 was much higher than that of TOC, implying that an important function of the oxidants is to change the structure of the organic molecules rather than to decompose them into inorganic matters. The result of pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis showed that in the process of oxidation, the organic functional groups on the HA molecules underwent a significant change in their structure, mostly from cyclic to chain hydrocarbons and/or from aromatics to aliphatics. This process was also accompanied by a decrease in the molecular weight of the HA. With an apparent change in the structure and molecular weight of the HA molecules after pre-oxidation, a great improvement was seen on the overall removal of TOC as coagulation or GAC adsorption was subsequently applied. Additionally, in the case of H2O2, a small dose of O3 showed much better catalysing effect than Mn2+, Cu2+ or Fe2+ ions.
Study on Filtration Performance of Rotary Disc Filter with Different Filter Discs
Authors: Hou Jun Xia , Zhang You Chen
Published: December 2012

Rotary disc filter is widely used in industrial water treatment. There are two methods to improving the filtration efficiency, which are the higher filtration velocity and lower filtration pressure drop; while the type of the filter disc plays an important role on the performance of filtration, In order to know how the filter disc affect performance of filtration, simplified model was used. On this basis, rectangular and triangular type was numerically simulated with the CFD software Fluent, DPM model, then the flow field configuration, velocity magnitude, pressure drop through the filter medium and the distribution of the particles were obtained. Then, the simulation results were analyzed and the conclusion was achieved that was under the same operation condition and porous parameters. Filter disc with a triangular type has greater advantages than the one with a rectangular type in the aspects of lower pressure drop, velocity distribution uniformity and particle distribution, which can highly improve the filtration efficiency.
Dynamic Analysis of the Restoration Ecological Economic Value for Vegetation Restoration in Xiaoliang, Tropical China
Authors: Yu Yi Na , Peng S.L.
Published: December 2012

This paper draws attention to the changing status of studies on the restoration ecological economic value with regard to vegetation restoration. It presents an attempt to calculate the dynamic economic value in the process of vegetation restoration in Xiaoliang, tropical China. The results showed that restoration ecological economic value increased from 509 RMB•hm-2 to 119,070 RMB•hm-2 during the 45 years. With the vegetation restoration went on, the increasing velocity slowed down. In the first 15 years, the velocity was more than 100% and slowed down gradually then after 20 years later. If compared by value construction, the direct economic value increased from 101 RMB•hm-2 to 32,782 RMB•hm-2 during the 45 years, and the indirect economy value increased from 408 RMB•hm-2 to 86288 RMB•hm-2. From the perspective of the value amount of each service function in the restoration process of the degraded ecosystem, the value amount was ordered as O2 relief > Carbon sequestration > Soil conservation > Climate regulation > Water conservation. And also, the tendency of each value was different, soil conservation service function and the climate regulation were the most remarkable here, after restored for 20 years, the soil conservation remained stable, the soil conservation economy value presented the same tendency, while the value of climate regulation fluctuated after 15 years’ restoration. The results suggest that the restoration ecological economic value was a time-dependent, dynamic accumulation consistent with the ecological effect of the restored forest. In addition, the restoration ecological economic value at different ages in a restored forest ecosystem was consistent with the values found for some regional natural forest ecosystems. These results may be of importance for ecological restoration and forest management in tropical and subtropical regions.
Nitrate Reduction in an Intensified Electrochemical System: Effects of Different Metallic Particles
Authors: Huang Wei Wei , Feng Chuan Ping , Zhang Bao Gang
Published: December 2012

The performance of nitrate reduction in an electrochemical system intensified by different metallic particles was evaluated in the present study. In the electrochemical process without metallic particles, the nitrate removal efficiency was found to be 65.7%, while higher nitrate conversion yields of 82.9%, 87.5% and 93.2% were obtained in the developed system in the presence of iron, steel and copper particles, respectively. Moreover, the presence of metallic particles in the electrochemical process significantly reduced 39.3-49.5% of the energy consumptions for nitrate reduction. Mechanisms of the acceleration of nitrate reduction by the three metallic particles were different. Iron and steel particles in the middle of the electric field dissolved and served as electron donors for nitrate reduction, while the copper particles worked as activated metallic catalysts. Taking into account of safety and operating cost, iron was the optimal choice among the three metallic particles studied.
Study on System Coupling Effects of Ecological and Economic in Mining Subsidence Reclamation Area
Authors: Qu Jun Feng , Li Gang , Zhang Shao Liang
Published: December 2012

Ecological environment and socio-economic system has tremendous changed during coal mining, in particular, the coupling relationship between ecological and economic evolued in different stages of coal mining. This article take the process of mining and treatment as a case to study, construct the ecological environment and socio-economic system, system coupling model, coupled model and coupling co-ordination model, to describe succession law of ecological environment and socio-economic system in the coal mining.
Optimization for Water Outlet of an Ozone Contactor by Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Yang Jing Xin , Li Ji , Dong Wen Yi
Published: December 2012

Geometry optimization is an effective method to improve the hydraulic efficiency of an ozone contactor. The enhancement of hydraulic efficiency can lead to a smaller dose of ozone and thus minimizing the potential risk caused by disinfection by-products. Unlike adding some extra structures in geometries in previous studies, optimization for water outlet was applied to improve the hydraulic efficiency in this paper. The water outlet was modified to several parallel flumes arranged uniformly on the top of the contactor from overflow weir. In a typical contactor with diffusers, the effect of water outlet optimization on system performance was studied based on computational fluid dynamics employing a two dimensional Euler model coupled with species transport model and discrete particle model. The T10/HRT, the most common indicator of hydraulic efficiency, was improved by 10%-24% with less short-circuiting after optimization. Compared to the original geometry, optimization for water outlet brought about a 19.6% increase in log inactivation, which represents the disinfection efficiency. To maintain the same Cryptosporidium inactivation efficiency after the water outlet optimization, ozone dosage could be reduced by 18% from 2.0 mg/L to 1.64mg/L, which resulted in a minimization of bromate formation by 8.90%.
The Pretreatment by the Fe/Cu Catalyzed Inner Electrolysis System for Enhancing Biodegradability of the Mixed Wastewater
Authors: Sun Liang , Yan Gui Huan , Xu Chong Qing , Guo Dong Yan , Lv Yue Xia , Xiao Qi
Published: December 2012

The Fe/Cu catalyzed inner electrolysis system was used to treat actual mixed wastewater to evaluate the ecological safety and feasibility of the technology. The pretreatment by the Fe/Cu process removed 30% of COD, which reduced the loading rate of the subsequent biological treatment. Meanwhile, BOD5/COD ratio was increased by about 160%, which created favorable conditions for the subsequent biological treatment. The results indicated that the optimal mass ratio of Fe and Cu was 4:1, the technology covered wider pH range: the wastewater responded well to the reduction when the influent pH changed from 4 to 8, the reaction times was 120 min. Furthermore, the consumption of iron was low. All these led to an easy maintenance and low operating cost.
Research on the Implementation and Analysis of High-Turbidity Raw Water Pre-Treatment with a Barrier Board
Authors: Chen Jian Liang , Chang Yi Kuo , Shen Yun Hwei , Chen Kun Liao
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this Research is to simulate the water quality of varied High-turbidity Raw Water at different depths under the water’s surface. During the experiment, a Barrier Board was used to extend the flowing route and to change the overflow level for carrying out the pre-treatment of High-turbidity Raw Water through the changes of varied flow rates in order to study the changes and the removal rate of the turbidity for the influent and effluent; with the settled bottom mud surveyed, the operating requirements of the Surface Overflow Rate (SOR). The experimental result indicated that the turbidity of High-turbidity Water can be reduced by means of an inertia restrained flow, extending the flowing route and heightening the overflow level. The results indicated that the turbidity of the effluent was mostly between 380-1,000 NTU in presenting an over 50% removal rate and even up to 93%. When the SOR of the Sedimentation Basin is set at 19.l m/d, a 54-86% turbidity removal rate can be achieved; whereas, a 50-72% removal rate can be achieved when set at 38.3 m/ d. It has indicated that a significant effect could be achieved for turbidity treatment by employing the properties of high-turbidity substances and the convenient physical theory of gravity settling. As such, a visible removal effect could be achieved to exhibit the effect of pre-treatment.
Distribution Regularity of Organic Concentration in Multi-Flora Bioreactor
Authors: Ai Sheng Shu , Bian De Jun , Ren Qing Kai , Zuo Yan , Wan Li Guo
Published: December 2012

The distribution regularity of organic concentration in treatment of wastewater by multi-flora bioreactor was investigated, and the correlation of the distribution regularity with sludge loading and specific oxygen uptake rate and microbial phase was analyzed. The experimental date show that, organic concentration in the reactor are uneven distribution trends, organic concentration are higher in the reactor bottom and bottom left, along the airflow direction, organic concentration are lower in the reactor left and upper part, and changes of organic concentration with sludge loading and specific oxygen uptake rate and microbial phase have some relevance.
Study on Municipal Wastewater Treatment by a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Zhang Yan Hao , Wang Meng , Guo Zhong Yun , Shen Jun , Zhang Zhi Bin , Xing Li Zhen , Li Li
Published: December 2012

A submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) with novel material membrane was investigated to treat municipal wastewater. The results showed that better removals of the main pollutants such as CODCr, NH4+-N, TN and TP with removal efficiencies above 90%, 92%, 91% and 95%, respectively. The MBR permeate could meet Chinese reuse standard (GB/T 18920 2002).
Effect of Operation Conditions on Performance of Treating Actual Domestic Wastewater Bioreactor at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Lu Hong Yu , Dong Chun Juan
Published: December 2012

To determine the operation parameters of the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor treating actual domestic wastewater at ambient temperature of 15-26°C, the effects of influent flow, HRT, recycle ratio,Vup and temperature on the performance of the EGSB reactor were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that when treating actual domestic wastewater, the EGSB reactor could support high influent flow and low HRT. For 9L.h-1, 11L.h-1, 15L.h-1, 24L.h-1 influent flow, with the optimal recycle ratios of 1.6-2.5, 1.2-1.6, 0.4-0.8, 0.0, the COD removal efficiencies could attain to 86-90%, 88-89%, 83%, 83%, respectively. For lower influent flow, higher Vup could slightly increase COD removal, but accordingly higher recycle ratio need to supply. Meanwhile, for higher influent flow, higher Vup will damage the granular characteristic and thus cause the decreasing of COD removal, and thus for the EGSB reactor treating actual domestic wastewater, 2.7-3.0m.h-1 optimal Vup should be employed. The EGSB reactor could work well at ambient temperature of 15°C-26°C. The optimal influent flow and Vup were 15-24L.h-1 and 3.0m.h-1. High average OLR of 18.6kgCOD.m-3.d-1 and high average COD removal efficiencies of above 81.4% could achieve, and only very low recycle ratio of 0.0 to 0.4 need employ.
Study on the Enhanced Bio-Denitrification in a Full-Scale WWTP with MSBR Process
Authors: Deng Ren Jian , Zhang Jin Song , Qu Zhi Jun , Lu Wei
Published: December 2012

According to the situation that the N and P indexes in the MSBR process of municipal wastewater treatment plant can’t meet the I-A wastewater discharge standards of China, the optimized operation parameters were put forward, including improving the sludge within the reflux ratio, opening the return ratio, increasing SBR hypoxia anoxic mixing time, controlling of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic tank,and so on. Through industrial experimentation, the effects of enhanced bio-denitrification were also discussed. The experiment results show that the wastewater treatment plant with 7-tank process of MSBR will meet the I-A wastewater discharge standards of China of the N concentration in effluent through enhanced bio-denitrificaion, but it have bad impact on the TP removal, then through chemical dephosphorization in advanced treatment the effluent water quality will satisfy the I-A wastewater discharge standards of China entirely.
Treatment Effects of A-F/PDM Composite Coagulants to Taihu Lake Prechlorinated Algae-Containing Water in Winter
Authors: Zhao Xiao Lei , Zhang Yue Jun , Li Xiao Xiao , Liu Cheng
Published: December 2012

The series of stable A-F/PDM composite coagulants prepared by combining polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDM) with the composite (A-F) of aluminum sulfate (AS) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to research the treatment effects to Taihu Lake prechlorinated algae-containing water in winter. The composite coagulants were tested by jar tests for the effects of mass percents (5%~20%) and intrinsic viscosity values (0.55~3.99dL/g) of PDM on algae- and turbidity-removal efficiencies. The results show that when the residual turbidity of supernatant after sedimentation reaches the control standard of 2 NTU, the dosages of A-F and A-F/PDM (0.55/5%~3.99/20%) are 4.52 mg/L and 4.27~2.52 mg/L respectively, and the algae-removal rates are 90.1% and 92.0%~96.3% respectively. When the dosages are 4.52 mg/L, the algae-removal rates are 90.1% and 92.5%~99.0% respectively, and the residual turbidities are 2.00 NTU and 1.76~0.60 NTU respectively. Therefore, using A-F/PDM composite coagulants can enhance evidently the treatment effect of A-F to Taihu Lake prechlorinated algae-containing water in winter.
A SEM Water Pollutants Emissions Reduction Optimization Model for Pollutant Total Amount Control in a Region
Authors: Wen Jing Ya , Hu Yan , Sun Zhao , Li Zhuang , Li Yu
Published: December 2012

On account of severe water pollution condition, this paper combines structure emissions reduction, engineering emissions reduction and management emissions reduction (namely SEM emissions reduction), builds an optimization model for total amount control of regional water pollution, and puts the above model into practice to validate its validity and reliability. According to the case study, the emission reduction of COD and NH3-N are 43.94 and 7.09 (104 tons), respectively. The optimal total costs of reduction is 36.89 (billion yuan), which decreases 7.47% than the existed recommended scheme (39.87 billion yuan). This method can be used for providing technical support and thus achieves the 12th Five-year goals of the environment protection plan more effectively.
Modeling and Optimization Research of CFB-FGD Based on Improved Genetic Algorithms and BP Neural Network
Authors: Ren Zhi Bo , Sun Lei , Deng Yao
Published: December 2012

In order to improve the efficiency of CFB-FGD (circulated fluidized bed for flue gas desulfurization) in many thermal power plants, this paper used the improved genetic algorithms and BP neural network to model and optimize the operation of CFB-FGD. First, this paper build BP neural network model to simulate CFB-FGD. Then, based on this model, we used the improved genetic algorithms to optimize CFB-FGD. The results can help improve the efficiency of CFB-FGD and decrease enterprise operating costs.
Inquisition to Several Issues in Performance Test of SCR Flue Gas Denitration System
Authors: Xu Rui , Mei Zhong Ming , Zhao Mei Qing , He He Xian
Published: December 2012

According to the performance test carried out in the SCR flue gas denitration system in 660 MW unit in a thermal power plant, several issues about the SCR flue gas denitration equipment were discussed, such as difficulty to accurately reflect the state of reliability, NOx emitting concentration overrun, export concentration uneven distribution and so on. Some suggestions were brought forward on how to deal with the issues.
Degradation of Reactive Black 5 in Aqueous Solution by Double-Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Mei Shu Fang , Liu Ya Nan
Published: December 2012

Degradation of Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution was studied by double-dielectric barrier discharge, degradation efficiency and degradation mechanism has been investigated. Results shows that during in ten minutes degradation, decolorization efficiency can reach 98.76%,COD and TOC could not be reduce observably, while the biodegradability has been greatly improved, the BOD5/COD ratio increase from 0.079 to 0.495.Decolorization efficiency is higher than that of mineralization, decolorization follows the first order kinetics with a constant rate of 0.4008 min-1. pH of the solution decrease gradually, but the conductivity increase during the degradation process. The ions of sulfate, nitrate, acetic acid, and oxalic acid have been found in the final treated sample and their concentrations increase with the reaction time. Chromophore group is damaged firstly and the solution has been decolorized efficiently, the degradation of benzene ring and naphthalene ring is more difficult than that of the azo bond, and the reduction or disappearance of absorption peaks indicates that the aromatic ring of KN-B was degraded partly.
Study on Treatment of Hospital Waste Incineraten Fly Ash by Solidification Process with Asphalt and Chemical Additive in Combination
Authors: Wei Liang , Dai Yi Chun
Published: December 2012

Experiments proved that asphalt and chemical additives can immobilize the heavy metals of hospital waste incineraten fly ash, and asphalt and chemical additive in combination can arrive better solidification effect than asphalt singly. In the nature hospital waste incineraten fly ash, the leachate concentration of Zn and Pb were significantly higher than the regulatory limit by TCLP test while the leachate concentration of Zn, Cd and Pb were respectively in excess of the regulatory limit of GB5086-1997 in China. In the solidified hospital waste incineraten fly ash with asphalt and chemical additive (four experimental chemical additives of Na2S, NaOH, Na3PO4 and the mixture of Na2S and NaOH ) in combination, the leachate rate of the heavy metals decreased with the increase of chemical additives rate in solidified fly ash. Chemical additives rate of 3% were selected for the solidification effect and economics of the application, and the leachate concentration of 5 tested heavy metals were under the limit of the standard by TCLP and GB5086-1997 of China.
Inhibitory Effects of Simultaneous Chemical Phosphorus Removal on Microbial Activity in the Unitank Process
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Chen Ying , Xing Can , Chen Si Wei , Tong Fei , Wang Jun Ru
Published: December 2012

Fractionation of heterotrophic bacteria (HB), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in a full-scale Unitank wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analyzed based on oxygen utilization rate (OUR) test, and the effect of simultaneous chemical phosphorus removal on microbial activity was investigated by adding aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride to activated sludge. Proportions of HB, AOB and NOB in the full-scale Unitank WWTP were 67.0%, 21.0% and 12.0%, respectively. 12.5mg Al3+ showed significant inhibition of microbial activity, and inhibitory ratios on HB, AOB and NOB were19.6%, 11.5% and 29.0%, respectively. Nevertheless, the inhibitory ratios of 13.8mg/L Fe3+ on HB, AOB and NOB were 4.1%, 5.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Al salt demonstrated much higher inhibitory effects on microbial activities than ferric salt, and the inhibition of Al salt on NOB is dominant in the nitrification process.
Occurrence and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic Wastewater Treatment Process
Authors: Sun Hui Mei , Tian Wei Jun , Wang Yong Mei
Published: December 2012

The occurrence and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined at different stages at a anaerobic-anoxic-oxic biological wastewater treatment plant in Qingdao City, eastern China. Results shown that 13 PAHs were detected at different treatment stage in wastewater and sludge. The total concentration in the influents was 15194.3ng/L, higher than the existing reports. Most abundant PAHs in influent were Naphthalene, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and Pyrene, accounting for 86.4%. The removal efficiencies of individual PAH compounds ranged from -7.5% to 73.5% in the total treatment process. A significant relationship was observed between the removal efficiency and log Kow of the PAH compounds in the grit stage (when the values of log Kow were higher than approximately 5), suggesting that these compounds were principally removed through sorption to sludge particles and transfer to sludge processing systems. In secondary stage, the removal efficiency of PAHs was only 4.4% due to impact of low temperature on biological activity. The removal efficiency of 28.8% indicated A2O process was not ideal in removing PAHs.
Kinetics Research of Wheat Straw Atmospheric Pressure Pulping with Microwave Radiation
Authors: Zhu Hong , Qiao Hong Xu
Published: December 2012

The lignin removal of pulping process is left in black liquor, and with relation to the paper pulp lignin. The higher the black liquor lignin content is, the bigger the lignin of paper pulp is removed. This paper analyzes the delignification mechanism of wheat straw atmospheric pressure pulping with microwave radiation. The relations of black liquor lignin content and alkali concentration to pulping time are described in detail. The results show that delignification process is divided into two stages: quick stage and residual stage. The lignin removal rate in the first stage is much higher than the second stage, that is, lignin has been removed more sufficiently after quick stage. In first stage, reaction order of delignification is 1.0, and 0.7 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 38.62 kJ • mol-1. The latter delignification also belongs to the first-order reaction and 4.4 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 75.56 kJ • mol-1. Apparently, residual stage needs to consume large amounts of energy to removal lignin.
The Research on Preparation of Modified Bentonite and Adsorption of Crystal Violet in Dyeing Wastewater
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Shun Sheng , Gong Zheng Jun , Wang Dong Mei
Published: December 2012

Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride was used to modify na-bentonite in Sichuan Yanting. It was studied that the optimal modification conditions of bentonite and its optimum decoloration conditions of crystal violet in dyeing wastewater. The optimum preparation conditions were that the concentration of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride was 1000mg /L, the preparation temperature was 70°C and the mixing time was 20 minutes. The optimum adsorption conditions for crystal violet were that the pH value was 8, the mixing time was 20 minutes and the dosing quantity of modified bentonite was 15 g/L. The decoloration rate was 85.4% under aforesaid conditions.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Poly N-Arenely-N’- (1,4-Butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas
Authors: Wang Wei Hong , Zhong Hong , Deng Xiao Yang , Liu Guang Yi
Published: December 2012

Four novel poly N-Arenely-N’-(1,4-butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas (3a~d) were synthesized by the reaction of aryldiamines with 1,4-butenlydioxycarbonyl diisothiocyanate. Their structures were characterized by IR spectra and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). The preliminary biological activity tests showed that some compounds display effect in growth regulation of plants and fungicidal activity to some extent. The compound 3a has excellent effect in growth regulation of plants, and its promotion ratio to Oryza sativa L.(rice) is 64.8% in dosage of 80 mg/L, its inhibition ratio to Echinochloa crus-galli L.(barnyard grass) is 83.2% in dosage of 60 mg/L. The antibacterial tests indicated that the title compounds have poor fungicidal activities using Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporium, Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as target fungi, but only did the compound 3a have a comparatively well antifungal activities against F. oxysporium and S. Sclerotiorum, and its inhibition ratios are 38.8% and 30.9% at 100mg/L, respectively.