bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÇATIŞMA SONRASI İYİLEŞTİRMENİN GÜVENLİK BOYUTU: KOSOVA KURTULUŞ ORDUSU (UÇK)’NIN SİLAHSIZLANDIRILMASI, TASFİYESİ VE YENİDEN ENTEGRASYONU SÜRECİ
Authors: Altun Altun
Published: July 2021

Kosova’nın Tito döneminde elde ettiği özerk statüsü Miloseviç yönetimi tarafından ortadan kaldırılmış ve Arnavut çoğunluğun protestoları çok sert şekilde bastırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Arnavutların ilk başlarda şiddet içermeyen protestoları Sırp güçlerinin yoğun insan hakları ihlalleri nedeniyle 1997 yılında silahlı mücadeleye dönüşmüş ancak Sırp güçleri bu mücadeleye karşı soykırıma başlamıştır. Uluslararası toplum Bosna’da aldığı ders nedeniyle bu sefer duruma fazla seyirci kalmamış ve Nisan 1999’da gerçekleşen NATO müdahalesi ile savaş sona ermiştir. Kosova çatışmasının sona ermesi, onu başlatan gerilla ordusunun dönüşümünü getirmiştir. Kosova Kurtuluş Ordusu (KLA-veya Arnavutça kısaltmasıyla UÇK) resmi olarak askerden arındırılmış ancak çeşitli tezahürlerde Kosova yaşamının hemen hemen her alanında güçlü ve aktif bir unsur olmaya devam etmiştir. Çatışma sonrası barış sürecine geçişte silahlı örgüt üyeleri üzerinde yürütülen faaliyetler, “Silahsızlandırma, Tasfiye, Topluma Kazandırma” (DDR) başlığı altında sürdürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, NATO liderliğindeki Kosova Gücünün (KFOR) konuşlandırılmasından ve Birleşmiş Milletler Kosova Misyonu’nun (UNMIK) kurulmasından bu yana UÇK’nın savaş sonrası dönemde silahsızlandırılması, tasfiyesi ve topluma yeniden entegrasyon süreci tahlil edilmiş ve DDR programlarının ne ölçüde başarıya ulaştığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
ZİNCİRE VURULMAK: HAÇLI SEFERLERİ SÜRECİNDE ESARET VE KÖLELİK
Authors: Ertuğrul Ali , Koçaslan Buşra
Published: July 2021

Tarihin en uzun soluklu kitle hareketinden birisi olan Haçlı Seferlerinin, Avrupa’dan Yakındoğu’ya kadar geniş bir coğrafyada derin ekonomik, siyasi, askerî ve dinî etkileri olmuştur. “Kutsal toprakları kurtarmak” sloganıyla yola çıkan ve haç figürleriyle bezenmiş giyseler ve kalkanlar taşıyan Haçlılar; Selçuklular, Eyyûbîler ve Memlûklerle mücadele etmişler ve ilişki içerisinde bulunmuşlardı. Çoğu zaman birbirine silah çeken taraflar, yeri geldiğinde anlaşmalarla uzlaşma yoluna gitmişlerdir. İki taraf da giriştikleri pek çok küçük ya da büyük ölçekli saldırılarda ganimetler ele geçirmişler ve ahaliyi kılıçtan geçirmişlerdir. Zamanla değişen savaş koşulları sebebiyle soylu ve soylu olmayan kimseler öldürülmek yerine esir edilmişlerdir. Bu esirler, köle olarak satılmışlar ve fidye karşılığı veya anlaşmalarla serbest bırakılmışlardır. Bu çalışmada Haçlı Seferleri süresince savaşlarda ganimet olarak esir alma, alınan esirlerin köle olarak satılması, fidye karşılığı veya anlaşmalarla serbest bırakılmaları ve esaret hayatı değişen koşullarla bağlantılı olarak ele alınacaktır.
On the Scientific and Applied Practice of Behavior Analysts
Authors: Erz Y.M.
Published: July 2021

The description of contemporary trends in the development of behavioral analysis as an evidence-based practice in Russia is included in current special issue. A brief analysis of the content of thematic publications included in the issue is carried out. Readers will learn about studies that evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral analytic intervention for changing socially significant behaviors by the implementation of single-object design: about the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of direct and generalized conditional reinforcement (tokens); about the experimental evaluation of the impact of the PECS alternative communication system on the vocal initiatives of children with autism; about functional communication skills-based training (SBT), as well as about a new approach to assessing and correcting behavioral problems — functional analysis of synthesized contingencies based on interview (IISCA). I am confident that this issue of the journal is of interest to professionals and parents of children with problem behavior, and will contribute to the further development of research and practical activities of Russian behavioral professionals.
Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior: Interview-Informed Synthesized Contingency Analysis (IISCA)
Authors: Butuzova N.G. , Polikarpova N.S.
Published: July 2021

The basic ideas underlying the functional approach to assessing and correcting problem behavior are considered, a brief overview of studies related primarily to the modern approach to the analysis of dangerous behavior in children without the use of procedures involving physical intervention is presented. The well-known classical procedure of functional analysis, described by Brian Aywata and colleagues (1982/1994), is undoubtedly the gold standard in the theory and practice of applied behavior analysis. However, at present, specialists are increasingly seeking to use shorter and safer intervention strategies, in contrast to classical one. Today, Gregory Henley’s approach to functional assessment is of great interest among behavioral analysts, and is increasingly used to analyze and develop effective interventions for correcting severe and dangerous problem behaviors. The procedure of functional assessment based on synthesized contingencies, described by G. Henley, is illustrated, the reasons for using this type of assessment, the essence of synthesized contingencies are revealed, and a description of the steps of the methodology with examples is given.
Teaching a Preschooler with ASD to Cooperate in Relinquish Reinforcers and Transition to Learning Activities During Skill-Based Treatment (SBT)
Authors: Beznosikova L.L. , Ostrovskaya L.A.
Published: July 2021

A child, 5 years and 3 months old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe problem behavior was taught to stop playing and move to the learning activities. The study demonstrates the result of 2 phases of skill-based treatment (SBT) developed by Dr. Gregory Hanley: a) relinquish reinforcement phase (CAB 1) and b) transition phase (CAB 2). This is an individual case analysis, the study was conducted in a multiple baseline design across behaviors, lasted 8 weeks, and included the measurements of problem behaviors and learned skills during each training trial. As a result of 15-hour training, the child was taught the skill of stopping the play and transition to the learning area. Learners’ responses as willingness to listen to a teacher and ready to learn have emerged. At the same time, dangerous problem behavior was reduced to zero during the transition from a preferred activity to a learning area while being instructed. Transition responses were spontaneously generalized with people who were not present in the classroom (parents, tutors) and transferred to the new conditions (home and pre-school).
Comparative Analysis of the Effectivenessof the Using of Direct and Generalized Conditional Reinforcement in the Development of a Skill of Solving of Simple Arithmetic Problems in a Child with ASD
Authors: Kolesnikova Y.V.
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of the applied behavior analysis, a comparison of the effectiveness of the direct and the generalized reinforcement was made during the teaching the skill of distinguishing arithmetic operations in mathematical problems. The study was conducted in two phases over two weeks with a 9-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The first phase included training of multiplication and addition tasks, using tangible reinforcement, compared to the training of the arithmetic performance in division and subtraction tasks, using generalized reinforcement. The second phase included the training of discrimination between different arithmetic operations, but tangible and generalized reinforcements were used in variable mode. The results showed no differences in the effectiveness of both generalized and tangible reinforcements in the teaching process. The participant successfully learned to discriminate between different arithmetic operations as addition, multiplication, subtraction and division in single-component tasks.
Implementation of a Token Economy in the Process of Skills Development in Distance Learning Classes with a Child with ASD
Authors: Zayats M.V.
Published: July 2021

The research conducted with a five-year-old child diagnosed with childhood autism evaluates the effectiveness of using of a token economy reinforcer system and discrete trial teaching method for establishing matching and discrimination skills (animal discrimination and matching identical stimuli), as well as answering yes/no questions about preferred items. Due to the pandemic, the child did not have the opportunity to attend rehabilitation centers, so the parents agreed to work in a distance format. For this study, the child’s mother was involved as a tutor, who was previously trained to provide prompts and rewards on time. Data collection was carried out online by a specialist. At the end of the training session, the percentage of correct reactions from the total number of samples was calculated. The results of the study demonstrated that the child has mastered these skills, and also partially generalized them in new environmental conditions. The study also showed that cooperation with parents who take part in the process as tutors in a distance learning format is very beneficial and successfully affects the acquisition of new skills, their generalization, as well as the quality of life of the child.
B.F. Skinner and World Behavior Analysis Day
Authors: Khilkevich E.V.
Published: July 2021

The World Behavior Analysis Day was held in 2021 for the first time, raising the public awareness about this actively developing scientific discipline. This date, March 20 was chosen to commemorate the birthday of Burrhus Frederick Skinner, an outstanding psychologist of the XX century, the founder of behavioral analysis and radical behaviorism.
Clinical and radiological variants of lung damage in the infection caused by staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Vinokurov Anton S. , Smirnova Aleksandra D. , Belenkaya Olga I. , Yudin Andrey L. , Yumatova Elena A.
Published: July 2021

Despite the high level of modern technologies in the field of laboratory methods and imaging of the respiratory system, the problem of early and accurate differential diagnosis of inflammatory lung diseases remains important in practical medicine. It leads to improved treatment results and a reduction in the number of complications (pleural empyema, fistulas, mediastinitis, sepsis, etc.), and in some cases allows suspecting the presence of a primary purulent source in the body, such as that in the case of septic pulmonary embolism. The review covers the Staphylococcus aureus specifics as a pathogen of lung diseases, relevant epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and imaging diagnostics of various types of inflammatory changes in the lungs with a focus on destruction.
The Role of Financial Performance in Corporate Reputation Management: An Analysis on the Press Releases Published by Corporations During the Pandemic
Authors: Akbulut Deniz , Dönmez Metin Enes
Published: July 2021

As with all their assets, organizations need management when it comes to their reputation. Having a successful corporate reputation is closely related to how corporations manage their existing reputation. The main components of long-term corporate reputation are categorized as appealing to emotions, product and service quality, vision and leadership, financial performance, workplace environment and social responsibility (Fombrun et al., 2013: 253). Among these components, financial performance is positioned as one of the main factors that come to the fore especially in crisis situations. Financial performance is also an effective factor in building trust in all relationships established with the target audience. Therefore, organizations should reflect their financial performance with a good corporate communication strategy in order to create a solid corporate reputation based on trust. The Covid-19 pandemic, which affected the whole world in 2019, negatively affected many corporations in Turkey economically. In the face of this situation, which can be described as a global crisis, corporations carried out corporate communication activities that support corporate reputation management in order to turn the crisis into an opportunity. It is seen that especially the financial performances of the corporations are highlighted among these activities carried out with the aim of strengthening the positive image of the corporations in the eyes of their stakeholders and the public. Within the scope of this research, the press releases published by five companies operating within the automotive sector in Turkey, among the sectors given in the Sectoral Impact of Covid 19 on the Economy report of Global Times (2020), were examined through the content analysis method in the context of financial performance indicators. The purpose of the research is to reveal how organizations reflect their strategies, which include the elements that reflect their financial performance in their press releases, to the public. As a result of the research, the financial performance indicator that took the most place in all the press releases examined was determined as “competitive advantage”.
From Global to Local: Investigative Journalism Changing in Digital Age
Authors: Ekşioğlu Sarılar Naciye Beril
Published: July 2021

The data, raw material of information, is crucial in terms of being able to reach a piece of news comprising necessary information of which concealed from the public but must be known for the interest of the public. The use of communication technologies gained a new dimension for the first time in 2010 with Wikileaks documents and subsequent to that with Panama Papers. In this study, investigative journalism has been regarded from a conceptual and historical perspective, and the changing of investigative journalism and its aspect turning from global to local strived to be conveyed with the witness of investigative journalists, especially based on one of the examples of investigative journalism, the Panama Papers.
An Investigation on the Netflix Platform in the Context of Flow Theory
Authors: Başaran Meltem
Published: July 2021

Today, with the development of technology, many developments and changes have been experienced in mass media. In the traditional period, content could only be accessed from sources such as television, newspapers, magazines, and radio, while the digital platforms that emerged with the era of the so-called new media enabled people to acquire the content they wanted at any time. Netflix, one of these digital platforms, is a video streaming service that offers on-demand access to individuals. Netflix, which first started selling DVD subscriptions by mail in 1998, has turned into a platform that sells monthly subscriptions to reach the video content it hosts today. Digital platforms such as Netflix offer users the opportunity to watch the content they want from anywhere, with the communication device (tablet, phone, computer) they want, in a way that they can create their own streams, without even the need for internet. Within the scope of this study, the contents on the Netflix platform in the context of the flow theory of Raymond Williams will be analyzed by content analysis method. Williams discussed the program structure of the television as streaming. According to him, television contents create a whole among themselves and present a flow to the viewers and the audience is caught in this flow. Within the scope of the study, the contents of Netflix, one of the digital content viewing platforms that are formed as a result of changing broadcasting concepts, will be analyzed using semi-structured interview technique in the perspective of flow theory.
Relationship Between Movie Theaters and Audience During the Pandemic: “Beyoğlu 1989 E-Bulletin” as an Example
Authors: Ormanlı Okan
Published: July 2021

Covid-19, a disease that transformed into a pandemic at the beginning of 2020, caused catastrophic results in the world and Turkey. There have been some restrictions on trade, education, tourism, and art. Daily life was not interrupted but some services and events that they have not primary functions (for some people) like “art” were on the verge of stopping and carried to the digital platforms. In this context, some corporations opened their archives and sometimes actual events to the public free of charge or for a certain amount of money. Art, which has always had “healing”, “mediating” and “unifying” effects, was consumed by the billions of people through digital devices. Considering art is both a sector and an industry, the unexpected phenomenon of Covid-19, which is a kind of crisis that occurs one in a hundred years and takes longer than expected, led to the temporary or permanent closure of some art and culture institutions. Due to these results, some supportive programs have been organized by official or non-official institutions to solve financial problems. In Turkey, all the movie theaters closed down on the 16th of March 2020 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Some halls opened in July and August, however, because of lack of audience and of the increasing number of patients they have closed down again in November. 2019 was a bad year for the sector yet 2020 was even worse with the decline of the audience by the ratio of %90. Before the pandemic, there were some problems in terms of halls. In this context, some movie theaters tried to find solutions not to lose the audience and find financial support. Beyoğlu Movie Theater that began operating in 1989, had some financial problems before the pandemic. The managers of the hall created a project called “Beyoğlu 1989”, which was a kind of electronic bulletin, and started sending e-mails to the subscribers. This project, which was implemented for the first time in Turkey, has reached the 57th issue and 800 subscribers today and has turned into a kind of weekly electronic-digital cinema newspaper that is also promoted on the Instagram account of the Beyoğlu cinema with 45 thousand followers. The broadcast also follows the cinema agenda and undertakes the task of a written-visual archive. In conclusion, a movie theater that started operating in the analog age, today use all the possibilities and utilities of the digital age and also with the help of its owners and followers, creates a communication ecology to prevent the shutdown. The aim of this article is to examine an electronic bulletin (also a film magazine) “1989”, which is first in Turkey, with the qualitative method.
Technological Addiction or Technological Competence? Investigation of Young People's Approaches to Technology Use in the Context of Increasing Screen Time Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Duygulu Serap , Hepkon Zeliha
Published: July 2021

Due to Covid-19 disease, which has an increasing negative impact on the world day by day and has been classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, continuing education remotely at various levels has brought with it very important discussions. Perhaps, one of the most crucial of these is the increased screen usage times. The intensive use of digital media in all areas of our social life has brought to mind the frequent handling of the time spent by children and young people in front of the screen in the pre-pandemic period by academia and nonacademies. However, with the pandemic, the education process is carried out entirely in distance; in addition to that, with the elimination of the need for socialization, entertainment and information due to screens, which became the sole medium for socialization, entertainment and information, has further increased the importance of studies that reveal the effect of screen usage time on children and young people. From this perspective, our study is based on Sonia Livingstone's approach to addressing screen use not only through "risks" but also through "opportunities". When it comes to screen use and "screen time", parents and teachers evaluate screen time within the framework of technological addiction; they did not focus on the nature of screen use and how to convert it into technological competence. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the approaches of parents and teachers regarding screen times of high school students. In this context, the literature within the framework of "screen time", "technological addiction" and "technological competence" has been scanned for the research part of the study, in-depth interviews were conducted with the parents and teachers of students of different types of high schools throughout Istanbul. Due to the pandemic conditions during our time, the interviews were conducted digitally through a questionnaire; different questionnaire have been prepared for teachers and families. The findings obtained as a result of in-depth interviews were evaluated with six main headings. Headings are as foolows: screen times of young people, risks that young people may face during media use, parents' perception of technological proficiency, teachers' perception of technological proficiency, parents' approaches to screen time of young people and teachers' approaches to screen time. It is hoped that the study will contribute to the literature on the axis of digital technologies and education.
Medical Journalism in Women’s Magazine: The Case of Cosmopolitan
Authors: Kazan Hüseyin
Published: July 2021

Health is a most common topic discussed in women magazine ranking from fashion to beauty, sexuality to art and culture. Biological health, mental health, fertility and sexual health are the most common topics which are given wide coverage. Whether this news, having quantitatively audience, is qualitatively health news is the primarily problem. The most of the news deals with particular subject such as medical selling, aesthetic advertisement and prototypes imposed on popular life. A large number of news reaching the audience read for health purposes cannot go beyond triggering the consumption culture. That is the starting point of this study. The study limited to 52 issues of Cosmopolitan Turkey published between June 2014- September 2018 analyses Dr. Cosmo, which falls into the health news category. In this study, content analysis is used to examine to what extent the news qualitatively and quantitatively contributes to medicine journalism. At the end of the study, it is found that the most of the health news is published on the purposes of commercial concerns, consolidates aesthetic perception and generally stuck between certain topics.
Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Dersine Yönelik Beklentilerin ve Sürecin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: UZUN Saliha , KOPARAN Timur
Published: July 2021

Bu araştırma ile öğretmenlik uygulaması dersine yönelik beklentiler ve sürecin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu altı öğretmen adayı, farklı okullarda görev yapan iki matematik öğretmeni ve bir öğretim üyesinden oluşmaktadır. Özel durum çalışması kapsamında yürütülen araştırmada veriler katılımcılarla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar ve doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler nitel veri analiz yöntemlerinden içerik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular beklentiler, uygulama süreci ve mesleki bilgi ve beceri temaları altında sunulmuştur. Beklenti temasında katılımcıların birbirlerinden beklentilerinin büyük oranda gerçekleştiği, uygulama süreci ve mesleki bilgi ve beceri temalarında görüş ayrılıkları olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda araştırmacılara ve eğitimcilere bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
La pédagogie médicale au cœur d’une pandémie : les cliniques simulées sont-elles immunes?
Authors: Kim Isaac , Saint-Georges Zacharie , Burnier Isabelle
Published: July 2021

Le programme de cliniques simulées (CS) en dyade offert par la Faculté de médecine de l’Université d’Ottawa est une innovation des CS conventionnelles. Ce format n’a pas été expliqué et exploré en détail jusqu’à date. Plusieurs avantages tels que l’augmentation de l’exposition clinique, l’augmentation du mieux-être chez les étudiants possible et les astuces d’enseignement que ce nouveau format offre aux étudiants sont explorés. Certains désavantages comme la surcharge des horaires et les risques de santé et sécurité dans le contexte de la pandémie COVID-19 sont aussi notés. Ce nouveau format des CS pourrait bénéficier l’enseignement clinique médicale d’une façon unique.
Nasal Spray Vaccines – A Breath of Immunity: An Interview with Dr. Marc-André Langlois
Authors: Saint-Georges Zacharie , Dewidar Omar
Published: July 2021

Dr. Marc-André Langlois, a cutting-edge virologist, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Virology and Intrinsic Immunity, and Professor in the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Ottawa, received 1 million dollars in Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) funding to develop a nasal spray COVID-19 vaccine. We had the privilege of meeting with him virtually and having a fascinating and informative conversation on the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, and its effect on society.
Demotivating factors of learning second foreign language: The case of Chinese language learners in Ghana
Authors: Nkrumah Bright
Published: July 2021

Demotivation is a negative counterpart of motivation that affects student learning process and outcome. The present study attempted to determine the demotivating factors in learning a second language in Ghana using the Chinese language as a case study. A structured survey questionnaire data were collected from two hundred students learning Chinese at the University of Ghana to achieve the stated objective. The study identified the significant demotivation factors affecting students learning a second language: Teacher competence and teaching style, learning materials, crowded classroom, high competition in acquiring scholarship to China, less chance to get Chinese Ambassador Scholarship Award, and lack of self-confidence and experience of failure. Teachers should use more appropriate textbooks to improve their teaching skills. Also, students should be motivated to learn and participate in classroom activities to form lasting reminiscences.
The Effect of Summarizing Narrative Texts to Improve Reading Comprehension
Authors: Ramirez-Avila Maria Rossana , Barreiro Jahaira Paola
Published: July 2021

This study demonstrates the effect of summaries of narrative texts to improve reading comprehension. This study consisted of sixty elementary school students who had evident reading comprehension deficiencies, especially in narrative texts. This study is a pre-experimental study with a mixed design. Qualitative and quantitative instruments were applied to meet the purpose of this study. The instruments included pretest and post-test, rubric, learning log, survey, a checklist to measure the students’ development and progress, and their perspectives towards this innovation. Results indicated an improvement in students’ reading comprehension. Post-test means increased from 5.96 in the pretest to 9.10. The checklist also proved that students included the required elements in their summaries. Students indicated in the learning logs that they would extend this strategy to other subjects, and they had to reread and identify the most crucial information to summarize.  The study has implications for teachers and learners since it can bring positive considerations about the importance of using summaries to improve reading comprehension.
Implementing Stylistics in IELTS Writing Preparation Focusing on Noun Phrases
Authors: Andriani Erina , Noviani Stella , Bram Barli
Published: July 2021

In the IELTS writing preparation class, the teacher can facilitate the students by integrating the stylistic approach in building writing students’ style. Not only achieving the primary goals in English proficiency by focusing on the writing style, but students can also comfortably share their ideas in their style. The paper examined the stylistics integrated material in IELTS writing through noun phrase construction. This study employed a qualitative method and a descriptive design. The data were collected using structured observation sheets as the instrument and were analyzed stylistically. Writing materials and the writing results of 12 students at an English course were collected. Results showed that stylistics was used in phrase complexity and ambiguity as a part of writing strategies. It was supported by the three dominant types of noun phrases produced by the students in their writing: determiner + head, determiner + pre-modifier + head, and pre-modifier + head, as the evidence of the implementation of integrated material in IELTS writing. For the noun phrase uses, the students could vary the noun phrases in their complexity, function, and type in their tests, though the variations in each of those aspects were still low. Implications of the results are stylistics could be implemented in language learning-teaching activities in general. It could encourage students to develop their writing style for self-expression and more explicit writing products.
English Education Master Students' Perceptions on Their Agency as Future EFL Teachers
Authors: Wijaya Kristian Florensio
Published: July 2021

This study investigated English Education Master Students’ perceptions of their agency as future EFL teachers. The underlying concern for conducting this study is a shortage of future EFL teachers’ professional development literature exploring the significance of promoting agency in varied second language classroom contexts. The narrative inquiry approach was employed to obtain more overarching depictions about the apparent stories told by the research participants to fulfil this central research objectivity. Ten open-ended written narrative inquiries were harnessed to shed more enlightenment for future EFL teachers’ professional development with the support of robust agency establishment. This set of narrative inquiry questions heed more profound attention to dig out graduate EFL students’ perceptions of their agency as prospective second language educators. The obtained findings overtly revealed that future EFL teachers could elevate their agency and promote holistic second language learning enterprises while their school institutions imparted continuous mutual supports. Eventually, the findings will shed more enlightenment for ELT experts, practitioners, and policymakers to design more unrestricted educational regulations. They supportively substantiate future EFL teachers' agency growth, particularly in Indonesia's EFL learning contexts, emphasizing the text-based learning achievements.
Risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus and impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on maternal and fetal health during the antenatal period
Authors: Jain Uma , Singhal Kusumlata , Jain Shikha , Jain Deepali
Published: July 2021

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of dysglycaemia that occurs for the first time or is first detected during pregnancy. The adverse effects of GDM on pregnant women are pre-eclampsia, PIH, PPH, polyhydramanios, PROM, meanwhile, there would be an increase in dystocia, birth injury, and cesarean sectionMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in a Gynecology clinic in District Shivpuri to find out the various risk factors for GDM and to evaluate the impact of GDM on maternal and fetal health during the antenatal period. 84 patients who were diagnosed with GDM were included in the study. Results: Among risk factors; BMI >25 kg/m2 before pregnancy was found in 15.47% of the case, family history of diabetes mellitus 8.33%, Previous history of macrosomia 17.85%, Poor reproductive history 17.85%, baby with congenital malformation 8.33%, H/o unexplained IUFD 11.90%. H/o polyhydramnios 15.47%. History of PCOS 13.09% and preeclampsia was found in 17.85% of cases. In antenatal complications; miscarriages was found in 15.47%. polyhydramnios in 17.85%. Oligohydramnios in 8.33%, preterm labor in 11.90%, PROM in 9.52%, pre-eclampsia in 17.85%, sudden IUFD in 8.33% and congenital malformation was found in 4.76% of cases. On USG; IUGR was found in 7.14% of cases. Large for date fetus in 16.66% of cases and the normal growth was found in 76.19% of cases.Conclusions- In conclusion appropriate and timely diagnosis and treatment of GDM will result in decreased maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes comparable to general population rates, therefore, early diagnosis is important.
Quinoline containing benzimidazole and their biological activities
Authors: Varpe Bhushan D , Gavande Gajanan , Lavate Amol , Dhakane Vaibhav , Jagtap Dnyaneshwar , Kulkarni Amol
Published: July 2021

Quinoline and derivatives of Benzimidazole are widely studied for their different activities. One of the essential classes of anti-malarial and anti-bacterial treatment is the quinoline derivatives. Quinoline and Benzimidazole are flexible lead molecules used to model the future molecules of drugs. The present review outlines the potential pharmacological activities of quinoline and Benzimidazole derivatives.
Viral infection from drinking water
Authors: Nerkar A.G. , Chakraborthy G.S.
Published: July 2021

Water born enteric viruses pose thread to both human and animal life causing a wide range of illness. Ground water is the commonest transmission route for these viruses. About 50% of ground water related outbreaks are attributed to viruses. Viral infections have a long history of association with drinking water supplies. Evidence of water-borne transmission is predominantly based on epidemiological data. Water-borne disease transmission has only in exceptional cases been confirmed by direct detection of viruses in drinking water supplies. Water, a frequent vehicle, may permit their survival, but many environmental factors will have an adverse effect on the viral pollution. Risk evaluation requires identification of these factor and assessment of inactivation rate of infection viruses.
Review of azadirachta indica
Authors: Nerkar A. G. , Chakraborthy G. S.
Published: July 2021

Neem () belonging to Maliaceae family is very important medicinal plant. Neem is used different medicinal system; Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathic medicines against various diseases. Each part of neem tree which has some medical property which act on various diseases.
Gene therapy
Authors: Nerkar A.G. , Chakraborthy G.S.
Published: July 2021

Gene therapy is used to correct defective genes in order to cure a disease or help your body better fight disease. Gene therapy is the introduction, removal or change in genetic material specifically DNA or RNA into the cells of a patient to treat a specific disease. Disease is caused to mutation. Genes influence all from the color of our hair to immune system, but genes are not built correctly. Targets of the gene therapy causing diseases. Gene therapy uses section of DNA

Currently gene therapy is being tested only for disease that have no. other cures. Interest area of this review covers introduction, history, DNA transfer, Types of gene therapy, working of therapy, techniques, Delivery system, strategies, technique challenges, risks, gene introduction site and clinical applications of gene therapy.
Recommendation and limitation of probiotics supplements
Authors: Banerjee Swapan
Published: July 2021

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms often recommended for various patients or persons suffering from gastrointestinal health issues. These microorganisms are generally helpful bacteria and yeast present naturally in fermented foods. There is a growing demand for probiotic supplements manufactured by pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals companies globally due to the beneficial effects of natural probiotic intolerance. This study is a mini-review narrated the helpful and harmful effects among various sections of patients usually concerned with supplements. Probiotics are highly recommended for patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, weight management, urinary tract infections, lactose and gluten intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, and many more. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus are the probiotics or 'good bacteria, and  is a type of yeast that has also become a popular probiotic for the recommendation in diarrhea cum gastrointestinal issues. The study has emphasized the mode of actions and beneficial effects of supplements and categorically discussed the side effects, special precautions, and warnings for adults and children. More importantly, whether recommendations or limitations should be considered by experienced medical professionals treating such patients. More awareness and research are required in this probiotics field to understand the proper guidance and limits.
Microwave assested synthesis of phthalimide amino derivatives with their antioxidant potential
Authors: Bisht Ajay Singh , Bisht Rajat
Published: July 2021

Imide is the configuration of amide in which the nitrogen atom is affix to two carbonyl group. Imide mention to any compound which carry the divalent radical. Phthalimide possess a structural feature CHNO and an imide ring which help them to be biologically active and pharmaceutically useful.Phthalimides have served as starting materials and intermediates for the synthesis of many types of alkaloids and pharmacophores.In view of broad biological activity of phthalimide, we herein plan to synthesize a series of new phthalimide derivatives by incorporating new pharmacophores at various positions with the hope to get therapeutically active compounds. The aim the study is to synthesize phthalimide derivatives by using microwave assisted synthesis method and compare the activity of the synthesized molecules. Thus, the current communication employed the technology gracefully for the synthesis, identification and characterization of some novel derivatives by the reaction of Phthalic anhydride with urea, glycine, aniline, sulphanilic acid to yield various Phthalimide derivatives using domestic microwave by getting percentage yield 70.7%, 76.65%, 80.21% and 73.78% of synthesized compound BBBand Brespectively. The compound B(92.86%) showed higher percentage practical yield. All synthesized compound(s) were subjected to melting point determination, TLC analysis, column chromatography (for purification), H-NMR and Mass Spectrometry. All synthesized derivatives were subjected for DDPH scavenging activity, in which compound Bwas found to have high anti-oxidant potential (69.56%) when ascorbic acid was taken as standard. All the chemicals used were of highly pure and procured from Central Drug House (New Delhi).
The Effect of Mindset on Tourist Behaviour and Mindful Consumption in a Community Enterprise in Krabi, Thailand
Authors: Jirojkul Sudjai , Pongsakornrungsilp Siwarit , Pianroj Nontipak , Chaiyakot Prachyakorn , Mia Shahin , Masst Tawakul , Techato Kuaanan
Published: July 2021

The research examined the mindful consumption theory, focusing on the importance of sustainable consumption in the tourism sector in the future. An exploratory factor analysis of survey responses from 400 tourists who travelled to a community in Krabi, Thailand, revealed that the mindful mindset consists of four factors and mindful behaviour consists of six factors. A confirmatory factor analysis found that the adapted model corresponded to the empirical data and confirmed that the factors identified in the exploratory analysis were accurate.
Effect of Self-Esteem and Gratitude on Personal Growth in Indian Students
Authors: Nagar Anjali , Chowdhury Ananya , Bhandari Aradhna , Sengar Gayatri , Kumari Jyoti
Published: July 2021

It is known that self esteem and gratitude play a pivotal role in the development of an individual. The purpose of this study was to find out about the exact role that self esteem and gratitude play in the development of Indian students of 16 to 24 years. Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire and Personal Growth Initiative Scale were administered on the participants who were selected for the study by the method of random sampling. Data was collected with the help of google forms as personally meeting the subjects was not possible during the pandemic. Findings suggests that most participants who participated in the study possessed high levels of gratitude and moderate levels of self esteem, thus showing good personal development.  It was believed that increment in self esteem leads to the increment in overall personal development of a person, but in this research, it came out that rise in self esteem up to a certain level can positively impact personal development, more than that can create a negative impact on the development. It was also found out that gratitude and personal development were positively correlated to each other, i.e., rise in levels of gratitude leads to increment in personal growth of students.
Entrepreneurship Practices and Poverty among farmer entrepreneurs in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Vincent Atayi Abraham , Jonathan Danladi , Awoyemi Bosede , James Ameh Atayi
Published: July 2021

The study seeks to examine the effect of Entrepreneurship practices on poverty among farmers in Jos, Nigeria.  The study covered small and medium scale farmer entrepreneurs within Jos North, Jos South and Jos East. A sample size of 518 was obtained from the population of 834 at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence, using Simple Random Sampling. 505(97.5%) of the questionnaire distributed were returned while 13(2.5%) of the questionnaire distributed were not returned. self-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study conducted a pre-test on the questionnaire to ensure the validity of the instrument. Data collected were presented in frequency tables. To measure the effect of entrepreneurship practices on poverty, Probit and order probit models were specified and analysis was based on FGT and MPI measures of poverty. The study revealed that a very high level of entrepreneurship practices among farmers will reduce poverty among farmers. The study recommends among other things that entrepreneurship practice intensity among the farmers be increase so as to help in improving their standard of living by reducing poverty through increased income resulting from high entrepreneurship activities.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Practice, Poverty and Entrepreneurship Index
Las juventudes y el emprendimiento dinámico y de alto potencial
Authors: Acosta Rodríguez Maribel
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer diferentes definiciones según autores reconocidos en este tema, aportes que se han hecho desde hace varios años, examinar las características que tienen los emprendedores, la importancia, los tipos de emprendimiento que existen y los que suelen ser más importantes. De tal manera se puede comprender que el emprendimiento es como cualquier empresa nueva, pequeña o mediana, cuyos propietarios son particulares que dedican su actividad productiva así como poder lograr un crecimiento significativo y una ventaja competitiva.

Así el concepto emprendimiento se puede ver aplicado en todo tipo de empresa grande y pyme de nueva creación que surja  en el mercado con el fin de lograr establecerse en él. De acuerdo con la Revista Emprende (2019) se define al emprendimiento como uno de los conceptos de moda que en la actualidad, el término puede ser de gran popularidad asociado a una amplia gama de negocios que, sin embargo, experimentan fuertes diferencias en su fondo y en su forma.

En la actualidad el tema de emprendimiento ha dado un giro muy importante por la alta tasa de desempleo en el mundo y la solución que las personas han encontrado es emprender distintos proyectos, negocios a través de nuevas creaciones de empresas, o micro negocios que empiezan como idea necesaria para hacer algo nuevo, así también fomentar el crecimiento de empresas ya creadas y sostenibles, solventar una necesidad que se encuentra alrededor de estos emprendedores.

Lo que se busca actualmente ante una generación con una facilidad de acceso a internet  ilimitado es aprovechar las herramientas como las redes sociales, para que los jóvenes  busquen nuevas oportunidades en aspectos laborales, y sean cada vez más emprendedores, fomentando así de forma activa que cada vez se opte por iniciar  nuevos proyectos que ayuden a obtener nuevas oportunidades en la calidad de vida.
Percepción de los empresarios de un municipio del Estado de Guanajuato acerca de las compras potenciales y de las ventas reales
Authors: Soto Vázquez María de Jesús , Ortega León María Alejandra
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo de investigación hace referencia a algunas estrategias que se deben desarrollar para persuadir al cliente y que en lugar de que sea una compra potencial se concluya en una venta real, entre estas prácticas se encuentra; definir correctamente el mercado meta, diseñar un proceso de ventas, conocer las necesidades, anhelos o deseos del cliente, ofrecer un buen servicio y atención y tener una adecuada mezcla de la mercadotecnia (producto, precio, plaza y promoción).
The in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic, oxidative damage potential of enoxaparin sodium in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: YILDIZ Kadri
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Enoxaparin sodium, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) indicated for the prophylaxis deep vein thrombosis. As far as we know, its cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative effects have never been studied on any cell lines. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic damage potential and antioxidant/oxidant activity of enoxaparin sodium on primary human whole blood cultures.
Methods: After exposure to different doses (from 0.5 to 100 mg/L) of enoxaparin sodium, cell viability was assessed by the cytotoxicity tests including MTT (3, (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. The antioxidant activity was measured by the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters. To determine the genotoxic damage potential, the rate of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels were also assessed.
Results: Cytotoxicity assays showed that treatment with enoxaparin sodium caused significant decreases in the cellular viability in a clear dose-dependent manner. Also, it was found that enoxaparin sodium did not alter the TAC and TOS levels. The genotoxicity assay showed that the formation of CAs was not observed in the lymphocytes. Likewise, the levels of 8-oxo-dG did not change in treated cultures as compared to control values.
Conclusions: Enoxaparin sodium appeared to exhibit cytotoxic but not oxidative and genotoxic damage potentials in cultured human blood cells.
Methods for calculating thermal processes under conditions of natural convection of gaseous methane under the influence of electrostatic fields
Authors: Altunin V.A. , Altunin K.V. , Abdullin M.R. , Chigarev M.R. , Aliev I.N. , Yanovskaya M.L.
Published: July 2021

Relying on the review and analysis of scientific and technical literature, as well as the results of experimental studies, we developed new methods for calculating thermal processes occurring in gaseous methane during its natural convection, under the influence of electrostatic fields. In this study we show methods for calculating and determining the coefficients of heat transfer to gaseous methane under the influence of electric wind, as well as methods for calculating and determining the effect of electrostatic fields on the negative process of sedimentation on a heated experimental working plate in the volume of gaseous methane. A general method has been developed for the effective and safe application of electrostatic fields in gaseous methane, which must be carried out in the calculations, design, creation, and operation of new engines, power plants, and techno systems for single and reusable ground, air, aerospace and space-based aircraft.