bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on robot path planning with safe distance optimization
Authors: Xiangde Liu , Hao Ma , Yi Zhang , Wei Wang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

With the development of technology, the application scenarios of mobile robots are becoming more and more extensive, accompanied by a variety of application scenarios suitable and safe path planning algorithms are indispensable for mobile robots.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this paper to improve the safety performance of your bot during the execution of tasks. The methods are synthesized in three main areas: setting appropriate safety distances based on the actual radius of the robot, turn penalty reduces the number of turns by applying an additional penalty to the number of turns in a heuristic function and path smoothing is used to improve path reliability by reducing the number of right-angle turns.

Findings

A suitable safety distance greatly improves the safety of mobile robots and facilitates their development. Optimization of turns in the path of mobile robots improves the travel efficiency of robots. Enhancing the safety of mobile robots has become a research hotspot for path-planning algorithms.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a path planning scheme for mobile robots with safe distances, which provides readers with a comprehensive and systematic progress of path planning research. It helps readers to get inspiration from enhancing the safety of mobile robots.
Optimizing time in additive manufacturing: a hybrid fused deposition modeling and photopolymerization approach
Authors: Singh Harsh Vardhan , Verma Girish Chandra
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to address the challenge of reducing the build time of a fused deposition modeling (FDM) system while maintaining part strength, proposing a hybrid technique combining photopolymerization and FDM.

Design/methodology/approach

For developing the hybrid system, a standard FDM machine was modified to incorporate necessary components so that the whole system can be operated with a single interface; further, the samples were fabricated with conventional and modified process to evaluate the efficacy of the developed system, to determine the extent of time reduction that the proposed methodology can obtain, additionally different sort of 3D models were selected and their build time was compared.

Findings

The modified hybrid mechanism can successfully fabricate parts with a modified G-code. The simulation of the technique shows that a reduction of 34%–87% can be achieved for simpler models such as cube while a reduction ranging from 30.6%–87.8% was observed for complex models. An increase in strength of 6.58%, 11.51% and 37.32% was observed in X, Y and Z directions, along with a significant increase in toughness as compared with FDM parts for parts fabricated with the developed mechanism.

Practical implications

The modified mechanism could be used for fast fabrication purposes, which could be very useful for serving situations such as emergency health care, rapid tooling.

Originality/value

This research contributes a novel hybrid technique for additive manufacturing, offering a substantial reduction in build time without compromising mechanical properties, even increasing them.
Breaking barriers and empowering marginal women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh for sustainable economic growth: a narrative inquiry
Authors: Moral Iqbal Hossain , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Rahman Md. Shahinur , Chowdhury Md. Solaiman , Rahaman Md. Saidur
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The bread and butter of marginal communities primarily rely on their artisanal work, to which the communities’ women have notable contributions despite facing numerous challenges. This study aims to unveil the challenges along with latent opportunities of different marginal women entrepreneurs in the rural areas of Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used narrative inquiry to explore the real-life business phenomena of 15 marginal women entrepreneurs with more than 5 years of business experience living in 4 districts of Bangladesh. This approach was used to document participants’ responses through the storytelling of their daily business experiences.

Findings

The findings of this paper indicate that vulnerable living conditions, social negligence, availability of substitutes, frequent sickness, increasing price of raw materials, lack of entrepreneurial skills and lack of managerial skills are the major challenges of marginal women entrepreneurs. In contrast, minimum capital requirement, home-based business, traditional profession, retaining cultural heritage and lack of accountability are the main opportunities that motivate marginal women to continue their entrepreneurial activities.

Research limitations/implications

The insight of this research can promote and sustain marginal women entrepreneurship and aid researchers, policymakers and businesses in improving the various entrepreneurial aspects of informal community entrepreneurs in developing countries. However, the study was limited to five marginal community entrepreneurs (Rishi, Kumor, Jele, Cobbler and Kamar) in Bangladesh. Therefore, conducting future research encompassing all marginalized communities is recommended, and empirical studies on this domain are highly encouraged.

Social implications

The insight of this research can promote and sustain marginal women entrepreneurship and aid researchers, policymakers and businesses in improving the various entrepreneurial aspects of informal community entrepreneurs in developing countries.

Originality/value

In the authors’ knowledge, this is unique research on marginal women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
Arabic semantic priming for homographs does not result in a boost to all related material
Authors: Aljadaan Noura , Alzaidi Muhammad , Alnasser Suliman Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine whether, when a person reads, there is a boost to all material related to the context in Najdi Arabic (NA) as was found in English in was found in Rodd et al. (2013). The study employs Arabic language features of orthographic style and diglossia to answer the research question.

Design/methodology/approach

Forty-two participants were asked to come on two sessions to complete a reading task, a filler task and a word recognition task. The word recognition task included 14 homographs that could mean one thing in Modern Standard Arabic and another in NA.

Findings

The findings show that the assumption that all related materials are ready to be used when readers are exposed to the context is not valid for the two Arabic variants.

Research limitations/implications

One limitation of this study was that the participants were all female.

Originality/value

The findings could help writers write better texts to help individuals who struggle with reading comprehension whether it is because of dyslexia, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as when researchers understand how priming works, they might be able to help readers in their reading fluency and comprehension (Rodd et al., 2016). This could be by producing better texts to comprehend or using semantic priming in classroom setups.
In the Eye of the Storm: Permacrisis in the Investigation of Rape and other Sexual Offences
Authors: Stanko Elizabeth A , Hohl Katrin
Published: June 2024

Low conviction rates and poor victim‐survivor experiences are the hallmarks of the permacrisis in the police investigation of rape. This article highlights the problems and discusses the way forward as proposed by Operation Soteria Bluestone, a police‐academic collaboration aimed at transformational change in the police response to rape.
Handling protracted crises: Communication challenges, constraints and opportunities
Authors: Ihlen Øyvind , Kjeldsen Jens E. , Offerdal Truls Strand
Published: June 2024

Recent research on crisis communication has focused on the challenges of complex and protracted crises. In this essay, it is argued that such crises must be handled communicatively by putting the communication challenges, constraints and opportunities at the centre. To this end, the combination of the notions of the rhetorical situation and kairos is suggested as a keystone that provides a bottom‐up, context‐sensitive approach needed to cope with the fluid and changing situations of such crisis. Importantly, the life cycle of a protracted crisis can not only be understood in terms of physical factors (e.g., infection rates in a pandemic) but is also formed through the public's perceptions and the communicative choices of crisis communicators calling for action to mitigate or end a crisis. The rhetorical situation and kairos highlight the importance of spatial temporality, the uniqueness of the situations and the constitutive dimension of communication in a crisis. This implies the identification of the opportune moments to present a response and recognising the important ‘spaces’ between typical crisis situations.
Seasonal variation in metabolic profiles and microbial communities in a subarctic ore processing plant
Authors: Bomberg Malin , Miettinen Hanna , Kinnunen Päivi
Published: June 2024

The mining industry strives to reduce its water footprint by recycling water in ore processing. This leads to build‐up of ions, flotation chemicals and microbial biomass, which may affect the process. The Boliden Kevitsa mine in Northern Finland is exposed to seasonal change and recycles up to 90% of the process water. We studied the variation in size, composition and putative functions of microbial communities in summer and winter in the ore processing plant. The raw water, Cu and Ni thickener overflow waters had statistically significantly higher bacterial numbers in winter compared to summer, and specific summer and winter communities were identified. Metagenomic analysis indicated that Cu and Hg resistance genes, sulphate/thiosulphate, molybdate, iron(III) and zinc ABC transporters, nitrate reduction, denitrification, thiosulphate oxidation and methylotrophy were more common in winter than in summer. Raw water drawn from the nearby river did not affect the microbial communities in the process samples, indicating that the microbial communities and metabolic capacities develop within the process over time in response to the conditions in the processing plant, water chemistry, used chemicals, ore properties and seasonal variation. We propose that the microbial community structures are unique to the Boliden Kevitsa mine and processing plant.
Protocol for scoping review: Patient‐controlled sedation
Authors: Davodi Jasmin , Intzilaki Christina V. , Steenholdt Casper , Moeller Ann M.
Published: June 2024

Background

In settings where general anaesthesia is unnecessary, effective sedation, analgesia and local anaesthesia are crucial for optimal outcomes. Traditionally, sedation have been managed and controlled by healthcare professionals, but advancements in pharmacology and technology have renewed the way we are able to sedate. Patient‐controlled sedation (PCS) offers a promising approach, allowing patients to adjust their sedation levels during procedures. This shift aims to enhance sedation quality, improve patient satisfaction and involvement and expedite discharge.

Methods

The search strategy will be crafted in partnership with the Librarian well‐versed in scoping reviews. ‘Patient controlled sedation’ is a wide search. The search will include databases, as MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and Google Scholar. All literature findings will be entered into a web‐based screening and data extraction tool. Two independent reviewers will assess the eligibility and inclusion of all studies. The variables to be extracted will encompass trial characteristics, participant characteristics, assessment of PCS, identified risk factors for PCS, and the evaluation of patient satisfaction as assessed in the included studies.

Results

Following PRISMA‐P and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, this scoping review includes studies of any design. Data synthesis involves descriptive statistics and narrative presentations to explore the relationship between results and objectives. The outcome will be which procedures/surgeries PCS is used for and which patients are eligible for PCS. Additionally, aspects such as patient and operator satisfaction, economical pros and cons adverse effects will be considered.

Conclusion

The scoping review will aim to give a better understanding of in which settings PCS is used. This scoping review provides a comprehensive understanding of PCS and identifies gaps in the literature to shape future research, so we can ensure the best possible sedation for patients in the future.
Emergency department visit frequency and health care costs following implementation of an integrated practice unit for frequent utilizers
Authors: Wang Ruixuan , Lukose Kiran , Ensz Olga S. , Revere Lee , Hammarlund Noah
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The integrated practice unit (IPU) aims to improve care for patients with complex medical and social needs through care coordination, medication reconciliation, and connection to community resources. This study examined the effects of IPU enrollment on emergency department (ED) utilization and health care costs among frequent ED utilizers with complex needs.

Methods

We extracted electronic health records (EHR) data from patients in a large health care system who had at least four distinct ED visits within any 6‐month period between March 1, 2018, and May 30, 2021. Interrupted time series (ITS) analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of IPU enrollment on monthly ED visits and health care costs. A control group was matched to IPU patients using a propensity score at a 3:1 ratio.

Results

We analyzed EHRs of 775 IPU patients with a control group of 2325 patients (mean [±SD] age 43.6 [±17]; 45.8% female; 50.9% White, 42.3% Black). In the single ITS analysis, IPU enrollment was associated with a decrease of 0.24 ED visits (p < 0.001) and a cost reduction of $466.37 (p = 0.040) in the first month, followed by decreases of 0.11 ED visits (p < 0.001) and $417.61 in costs (p < 0.001) each month over the subsequent year. Our main results showed that, compared to the matched control group, IPU patients experienced 0.20 more ED visits (p < 0.001) after their fourth ED visit within 6 months, offset by a reduction of 0.02 visits (p < 0.001) each month over the next year. No significant immediate or sustained increase in costs was observed for IPU‐enrolled patients compared to the control group.

Conclusions

This quasi‐experimental study of frequent ED utilizers demonstrated an initial increase in ED visits following IPU enrollment, followed by a reduction in ED utilization over subsequent 12 months without increasing costs, supporting IPU's effectiveness in managing patients with complex needs and limited access to care.
What drives the foreign investment in Nepal? Investors' perception analysis
Authors: Adhikari Pujan , Byanjankar Rohan , Subba Surya , Bhatta Siddha Raj , Shrestha Prayush Man
Published: June 2024

The study aims to identify the motives of foreign direct investment in Nepal and analyse the perceived strengths and weaknesses of investment climate. Additionally, it examines the experience of foreign investors in Nepal in terms of further investment plans and net promoter scores attributed to the host country. The study relies on primary data collected from the survey of 65 sampled industries with foreign direct investment, using structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis has been used to assess the key factors motivating foreign investors. The findings reveal that labour cost, repatriation facility, industrial security, low operating costs, access to neighbouring market/trade openness, and investment and communal hospitality stand out as major motivating factors, while political instability, macroeconomic instability, availability of machinery and equipment, road access, and bureaucracy are the major precluding factors. The policy reforms in Nepal have notably shaped investors' perceptions. Acts like the Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act, 1992, and subsequent amendments such as the Foreign Investment and Loan Management, 2021, have significantly motivated investors by improving repatriation facilities and ease of VISA and work permit accessibility. Despite the efforts, land facilitation for foreign investors has been perceived as a weakness. The net promoter score for Nepal is 12 on a scale from −100 to +100, which is positive, albeit low, indicating a substantial gap to attain full promoters and needs to be improved by further enhancing the investment climate.
Bisphosphonate effectiveness in patients with cirrhosis: An emulated clinical trial
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Martinez Beanna , Jepsen Peter , Chen Xi , Parikh Neehar D.
Published: June 2024

Background

Falls and fractures are common and morbid for patients with cirrhosis. Bisphosphonates are recommended for the prevention of fractures for people with osteoporosis cirrhosis; however, data supporting effectiveness in cirrhosis are lacking.

Aim

We sought to emulate a clinical trial of bisphosphonates in cirrhosis.

Methods

We used national Medicare data (2008–2020) to examine the 5‐year risk of fractures in patients who did or did not receive bisphosphonates with a new‐user design among people diagnosed with cirrhosis and osteoporosis. We balanced treated and untreated with inverse probability of treatment weighting, evaluated intention‐to‐treat and as‐treated effects, and examined both control exposures (statin use) and outcomes (decompensation) to test causal relationships.

Results

There were 253 and 20,888 new users and non‐users of bisphosphonates, respectively. The median age was 74 years. The most common bisphosphonate used was alendronate (73.6%). Bisphosphonates significantly reduced fractures overall (27.5% vs. 33.0%, p = 0.0004) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, particularly for people <65 years (sHR 0.56) old, men (sHR 0.64) and those with non‐alcohol related liver disease (sHR 0.85). Though there were fewer arm (20.7% vs. 26.4%, p < 0.0001) and femur (28.9% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.005), there were more spinal (25.8% vs. 19.0%), rib (40.0% vs. 32.2%) and skull (10.1% vs. 8.7%) fractures. In the as‐treated analysis, cumulative bisphosphonate exposure significantly reduced fractures, sHR 0.95 95% CI (0.91, 0.98). Treatment was inconsistent; bisphosphonate users spent 29.9% person‐years of follow‐up on the drug.

Conclusion

In a nationally representative cohort of elderly patients with cirrhosis, bisphosphonates reduced fractures overall. Efforts to increase uptake and drug continuation are needed.
A qualitative exploration of children's lives with rare diseases
Authors: Buckle Niamh , Rogers Yvonne , O'Toole Doris , McNulty Sandra , Kroll Thilo , Gibbs Lisa , Somanadhan Suja
Published: June 2024

Background

Rare diseases encompass a diverse group of debilitating and sometimes life‐threatening conditions that affect a small percentage of the population, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite their rarity, around 70% of these diseases afflict children, yet limited research has focused on their experiences. This study aimed to gain insights into the day‐to‐day challenges children living with rare diseases face.

Methods

We conducted semistructured one‐to‐one interviews with 11 children and young people (7–16 years) diagnosed with a range of rare diseases, purposively sampled from a tertiary pediatric healthcare setting in Ireland. We analyzed the interview transcripts, and themes were devised inductively.

Results

Two themes were identified: “Knowledge and Understanding of Rare Diseases” and “Fitting in Versus Feeling Different.” These themes emerged across various settings—the home, hospital, school, and social environments—to illustrate the impact of rare diseases on the participants' daily lives. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate how the children's knowledge, experiences, and emotions shape their identity in a rare disease context.

Conclusions

Our analysis revealed a complex interplay between the participants' sense of belonging and their awareness of being different, influenced by the manifestations and demands of their rare conditions or illnesses. This duality in their identity was most pronounced in social settings, where the participants felt the most significant impact of their rare diseases. Understanding this interplay sheds light on the unique social challenges children with rare medical conditions face. Raising awareness about these conditions could mitigate these children's social challenges, fostering a more inclusive society for those with rare diseases.
Mothers speak less to infants during detected real‐world phone use
Authors: Mikhelson Miriam , Luong Adrian , Etz Alexander , Micheletti Megan , Khante Priyanka , de Barbaro Kaya
Published: June 2024

The current study is the first to document the real‐time association between phone use and speech to infants in extended real‐world interactions. N= 16 predominantly White (75%) mother–infant dyads (infants aged M = 4.1 months, SD = 2.3; 63% female) shared 16,673 min of synchronized real‐world phone use and Language Environment Analysis audio data over the course of 1 week (collected 2017–2020) for our analyses. Maternal phone use was associated with a 16% decrease in infants' speech input, with shorter intervals of phone use (1–2 min) associated with a greater 26% decrease in speech input relative to longer periods. This work highlights the value of multimodal sensing to access dynamic, within‐person, and context‐specific predictors of speech to infants in real‐world settings.
Association between modified frailty index and postoperative delirium in patients after cardiac surgery: A cohort study of 2080 older adults
Authors: Cheng Hongtao , Ling Yitong , Li Qiugui , Li Xinya , Tang Yonglan , Guo Jiayu , Li Jing , Wang Zichen , Ming Wai‐kit , Lyu Jun
Published: June 2024

Aim

To evaluate the association between frailty and postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly cardiac surgery patients.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted of older patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery at a tertiary academic medical center in Boston from 2008 to 2019. Frailty was measured using the Modified Frailty Index (MFI), which categorized patients into frail (MFI ≥3) and non‐frail (MFI = 0–2) groups. Delirium was identified using the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit and nursing notes. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between frailty and POD, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results

Of the 2080 patients included (median age approximately 74 years, 30.9% female), 614 were frail and 1466 were non‐frail. The incidence of delirium was significantly higher in the frail group (29.2% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, race, marital status, Acute Physiology Score III (APSIII), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), albumin, creatinine, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, type of surgery, alcohol use, smoking, cerebrovascular disease, use of benzodiazepines, and mechanical ventilation, multivariate logistic regression indicated a significantly increased risk of delirium in frail patients (adjusted OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.23–2.10, p < 0.001, E‐value: 1.85).

Conclusions

Frailty is an independent risk factor for POD in older patients after cardiac surgery. Further research should focus on frailty assessment and tailored interventions to improve outcomes.
Impact of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise in combined hypoxic and hot conditions on endothelial function
Authors: Morishima Takuma , Yamaguchi Keiichi , Goto Kazushige
Published: June 2024

There is no study that has investigated the impact of exercise in a combined hypoxic and hot environment on endothelial function. Therefore, we tested whether aerobic exercise in a combined hypoxic and hot conditions induces further enhancement of endothelial function. Twelve healthy males cycled at a constant workload (50% of their maximal oxygen uptake under normoxic/thermoneutral conditions) for 30 min in four different environments: exercise under normoxic condition (NOR: fraction of inspiratory oxygen or FiO2 = 20.9%, 20°C), exercise under hypoxic condition (HYP: FiO2 = 14.5%, 20°C), exercise under hot condition (HOT: FiO2 = 20.9%, 30°C), and exercise under combined hypoxia and hot conditions (HH: FiO2 = 14.5%, 30°C). Before, during, and after exercise, cardiovascular variables (e.g., heart rate, blood flow, and shear rate), blood variables, and endothelial function evaluated by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed. Heart rates were significantly higher throughout the HH trial's experimental period than the other trials (p < 0.05). However, in the HH trial, brachial artery blood flow and shear rate did not differ from those in other trials after exercise. Plasma catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine) elevations in response to exercise were significantly higher in the HH trial than in the other three trials (p < 0.05). No considerable differences were observed in FMD responses among trials before and after the exercise. In conclusion, aerobic exercise in a combined hot and hypoxic environment further activated sympathetic nervous activity but did not considerably enhance blood flow, shear rate, or endothelial function.
Relation of changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) during bronchoconstriction
Authors: Csonka Leon L. , Tikkakoski Antti , Vuotari Liisa , Karjalainen Jussi , Lehtimäki Lauri
Published: June 2024

Diagnosis of asthma can be confirmed based on variability in peak expiratory flow (PEF) or changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) measured with spirometry. Our aim was to use methacholine challenge as a model of induced airway obstruction to assess how well relative changes in PEF reflect airway obstruction in comparison to relative changes in FEV1. We retrospectively studied 878 patients who completed a methacholine challenge test. To assess congruency along with differences between relative changes in FEV1 and PEF during airway obstruction, a regression analysis was performed, and a Bland & Altman plot was constructed. ROC analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and κ‐coefficient were used to analyze how decrease in PEF predicts decrease of 10% or 15% in FEV1. The relative change in PEF was on average less than the relative change in FEV1. In the ROC analysis areas under the curve were 0.844 and 0.893 for PEF decrease to predict a 10% and 15% decrease in FEV1, respectively. The agreement between changes in PEF and FEV1 varied from fair to moderate. Airway obstruction detected by change in PEF was false in about 40% of cases when compared to change in FEV1. Change in PEF is not a very accurate measure of airway obstruction when compared to change in FEV1. Replacing peak flow metre with a handheld spirometer might improve diagnostic accuracy of home monitoring in asthma.
Terbinafine‐resistant T. indotineae due to F397L/L393S or F397L/L393F mutation among corticoid‐related tinea incognita patients
Authors: Tamimi Pegah , Fattahi Mahsa , Ghaderi Aliasghar , Firooz Alireza , Shirvani Fariba , Alkhen Ahmed , Zamani Shayan
Published: June 2024

Tinea incognita (TI) can mimic other dermatoses, presenting a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists. In some uncertain cases, it is crucial to accurately identify the causative agent using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. The global issue of drug‐resistant dermatophytosis is increasing, with Trichophyton (T.) indotineae being the main cause. This study presents four cases of TI (diagnosed as eczema) by terbinafine‐resistant T. indotineae strains and reviews the current global TI epidemiology based on geographical continent and related conditions. Furthermore, squalene epoxidase (SQLE)‐associated resistance mechanisms are evaluated. Lesions caused by terbinafine‐resistant T. indotineae strains do not respond to allylamine antifungals, thus allowing the infection to spread. Among T. indotineae isolates, the SQLE F397L substitution is the most prevalent mutation contributing to azole resistance. F397L and L393F replacements in SQLE were detected in all isolates that exhibited high‐level resistance. L393S was seen in isolates with low‐resistant strains. Interestingly, and for the first time, an L393F amino acid substitution in the SQLE gene product was detected in the Iranian clinical T. indotineae strain. Also, a genomics‐based update on terbinafine resistance that focuses on T. indotineae is discussed in this study.
A case of right aortic arch type II combined with Kommerell's diverticulum and left innominate vein beneath the aortic arch
Authors: Chen Ran , Cao Jing‐fang , Liu Lian‐di , Chen Si , Zheng Shuang
Published: June 2024

The combination of the right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) with Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) is rare to coexist with the left innominate vein (LINV) beneath the aortic arch. It escalates the surgical risk undoubtedly and increases the difficulty of clinical procedures. We report one case diagnosed by Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA).
Salt versus no salt restriction in heart failure a review
Authors: Raggi Paolo
Published: June 2024

Background

For decades standard teaching recommended salt intake (sodium) reduction in patients suffering from heart failure. Neurohumoral activation with subsequent fluid retention provided a solid rationale for this long‐standing recommendation. Until recently no large randomized clinical trial of sodium restriction was available, while some observational studies and metanalyses even suggested a worse outcome with strict sodium restriction in patients with heart failure.

Methods

In this narrative review we aimed to extricate from the literature whether strict sodium restriction is beneficial in patients with heart failure. We searched PubMed indexed articles between 2000 and 2023 for these terms: heart failure, salt, sodium, fluid intake.

Results

Most randomized trials were small and showed a wide heterogeneity of interventions. A single large, randomized clinical trial was stopped early due to futility. Overall, there is no evidence that severe sodium restriction reduces the incidence of mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Quality of life and functional class may improve slightly with sodium restriction.

Conclusion

Morbidity and mortality are not reduced with sodium restriction in patients with heart failure, although some symptomatic improvement may be expected.
Neurofilament light chain and profilin‐1 dynamics in 30 spinal muscular atrophy type 3 patients treated with nusinersen
Authors: Musso G. , Bello L. , Capece G. , Bozzoni V. , Caumo L. , Sabbatini D. , Zangaro V. , Sogus E. , Cosma C. , Petrosino A. , Sorarù G. , Plebani M. , Pegoraro E.
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose

The aim was to investigate whether neurofilament light chain (NfL) and profilin‐1 (PFN‐1) might qualify as surrogate disease and treatment‐response biomarkers by correlating their concentrations dynamic with clinical status in a cohort of 30 adult spinal muscular atrophy type 3 patients during nusinersen therapy up to 34 months.

Methods

Neurofilament light chain was measured in cerebrospinal fluid at each drug administration with a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); PFN‐1 concentrations were tested in serum sampled at the same time points with commercial ELISA assays. Functional motor scores were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the loading phase and at each maintenance dose and correlated to biomarker levels. The concurrent effect of age and clinical phenotype was studied.

Results

Neurofilament light chain levels were included in the reference ranges at baseline; a significant increase was measured during loading phase until 1 month. PFN‐1 was higher at baseline than in controls and then decreased during therapy until reaching control levels. Age had an effect on NfL but not on PFN‐1. NfL was partially correlated to functional scores at baseline and at last time point, whilst no correlation was found for PFN‐1.

Conclusion

Cerebrospinal fluid NfL levels did not qualify as an optimal surrogate treatment biomarker in adult spinal muscular atrophy patients with a long disease duration, whilst PFN‐1 might to a greater extent represent lower motor neuron pathological processes. The observed biomarker level variation during the first 2 months of nusinersen treatment might suggest a limited effect on axonal remodeling or rearrangement.
UK horse owners and veterinary practitioners' experiences of decision‐making for critical cases of colic
Authors: Burrell Katie L. , Burford John H. , England Gary C. W. , Freeman Sarah L.
Published: June 2024

Background

The survival of horses diagnosed with critical colic (requiring referral or euthanasia) relies on rapid and effective decision‐making by the owner and veterinary practitioner.

Objectives

To explore UK horse owners' and veterinary practitioners' experiences of decision‐making for critical cases of equine colic.

Study design

Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach.

Methods

Individual, semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 14 horse owners and 13 veterinary practitioners (vets) who had experienced a critical decision (referral or euthanasia) for a horse with colic. A purposive, convenience sample of participants was recruited. Sessions explored participant's experience of colic, including recognition, help‐seeking behaviour, and challenges. Thematic analysis was performed on collected data.

Results

Four over‐arching themes were identified; ‘head’, ‘heart’, ‘practicalities’ and ‘impact’. Owners acknowledged responsibility for their horse's welfare but had different perspectives than vets on the importance of finance (‘head’). Both vets and owners described how the horse–human relationship (‘heart’) often led to conflict during decision‐making. The vet–client relationship was influential on decision‐making for both owners and vets; involving other people in decision‐making was described both positively and negatively by participants (‘heart’). ‘Practicalities’, such as lack of preparedness, transport issues and adverse weather conditions, were identified by both owners and vets as barriers. Owners described a ‘rollercoaster’ of emotions after a critical decision, with profound impacts on their mental wellbeing, feelings of guilt, and long‐term changes in behaviour (‘impact’), and a lack of support to manage these feelings.

Main limitations

Small sample size.

Conclusions

This study describes stakeholder decision‐making during critical cases of equine colic. Factors that commonly influenced decisions included an owner's previous knowledge and beliefs, social pressures, logistics and the relationship between the owner and vet. The study highlighted long‐term impacts on the owner, including their management and decisions for subsequent horses. These factors should be considered in shared decision‐making.
Unveiling the impact of soil methane sink on atmospheric methane concentrations in 2020
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqi , Xiao Wensheng , Cheng Li , Smaill Simeon J. , Peng Shushi
Published: June 2024

In 2020, anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions decreased due to COVID‐19 containment policies, but there was a substantial increase in the concentration of atmospheric CH4. Previous research suggested that this abnormal increase was linked to higher wetland CH4 emissions and a decrease in the atmospheric CH4 sink. However, the impact of changes in the soil CH4 sink remained unknown. To address this, we utilized a process‐based model to quantify alterations in the soil CH4 sink of terrestrial ecosystems between 2019 and 2020. By implementing the model with various datasets, we consistently observed an increase in the global soil CH4 sink, reaching up to 0.35 ± 0.06 Tg in 2020 compared to 2019. This increase was primarily attributed to warmer soil temperatures in northern high latitudes. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the CH4 sink in terrestrial ecosystems, as neglecting this component can lead to an underestimation of both emission increases and reductions in atmospheric CH4 sink capacity. Furthermore, these findings highlight the potential role of increased soil warmth in terrestrial ecosystems in slowing the growth of CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere.
Experiences of Living With the Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: A Photovoice Study
Authors: Smith Laura J. , Callis Jerri , Bridger‐Smart Shannon , Guilfoyle Olivia
Published: June 2024

Background

Nonmotor symptoms (NMSs) are frequently experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are often perceived as their most bothersome symptoms. However, these remain poorly understood with suboptimal clinical management. These unmet needs are an important determinant of health‐related quality of life (QoL) in PD.

Objective

The aim of this study was to gain insights into the experience of living with the NMS of PD in real‐time using participatory action methodology.

Method

Using the photovoice method, 14 people with PD took photographs to document their experiences of living with the NMS of PD. They composed corresponding written narratives to capture the impact of NMS on their daily activities and QoL. In total, 152 photographs and corresponding narratives were analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.

Results

Four interrelated themes were identified. Emotional well‐being and sense of self encompassed a process of adjustment to living with PD. Engaging in valued activities, adopting a positive mindset and utilising coping strategies were thought to enhance confidence and self‐esteem. Social support and societal awareness highlighted the importance of supportive relationships and socialising to aid participation and avoid isolation. Barriers to social engagement included the unpredictability of NMS and nonvisible NMS being neglected or misunderstood.

Conclusion

Findings demonstrated the far‐reaching impact of nonmotor aspects of PD on emotional, occupational and social dimensions. These needs could be addressed through person‐centred and comprehensive approaches to care.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study utilised a participatory research approach allowing participants to choose the subjects that mattered to them and how to present their results. Additionally, a group workshop was held with people with PD, their family members and healthcare professionals to guide theme development.
Reducing curing time via a shell‐less method: a comparative analysis of flavour characteristics in salted egg yolk
Authors: Gao Xuejing , Zhang Mengya , Li Junhua , Gu Luping , Chang Cuihua , Huang Zijian , Xiong Wen , Su Yujie , Yang Yanjun
Published: June 2024

The rapid shell‐less curing method significantly simplifies the processing cycle of salted egg yolks (SEYs). However, differences in flavour attributes between rapidly cured SEYs and traditionally cured SEYs have yet to be clearly established. Herein, a comprehensive evaluation of the volatile compounds in SEYs using HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HS‐GC‐IMS aims to delineate the flavour characteristics under varying preparation methods. Despite reduced oil exudation, the rapid salting process resulted in higher levels of free amino acids than the traditional approach. Hexanal, nonanal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 2‐pentyl‐furan, phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 2‐octenal, and 2,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine were identified as significant contributors to the SEY flavour profile. Conversely, salted hen egg yolks contained methional, decanal and 2‐methyl‐pyrimidine; whereas salted duck egg yolks presented with (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, 2,6‐diethyl‐pyrazine and nonanoic acid. Principal component analysis of the E‐nose revealed that the aroma profile of rapid curing (SHY‐R25) was more similar to that of traditional curing (SHY). The rapid preparation technology presented a viable alternative to traditional pickling, capable of partially replicating the flavour of traditional salted egg yolks within a single day. These findings contributed to a more scientific application and preparation of SEY flavouring bases, providing a theoretical basis for flavour enhancement and development.
The local indigenous food of Sarawak as potential functional food
Authors: Hui‐Yan Tan , Sarbini Shahrul Razid
Published: June 2024

The local people of Sarawak commonly made unique dishes out of the local distinctive resources for its health beneficial nutrients. Yet, many potentials of the local Sarawak food ingredients are less likely to be exploited. One of the main produces of Sarawak is the starch from Metroxylon sagu. Our study reviewed that sago starch is not only active in health beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidative, it also possesses positive prebiotic response. Other local indigenous fruits, vegetable and spices of Sarawak as potential functional food includes Sarawak pepper; midin, the edible fern; terung asam, the sour eggplant; dabai, the Bornean olive; engkalak, the Bornean avocado; Terap, the local ‘jackfruit’; embangan, the local wild mango; and the edible palm heart (EPH) from palm tree. Research on the edible fern (midin), edible palm hearts (umbut), spices such as turmeric and pepper from Sarawak has revealed a positive functionality in terms of prebiotic potential, antioxidative, antimicrobial and many more. Conclusively, the wide food varieties of Sarawak are potential functional food. Therefore, this work aimed to publicise the health beneficial functionalities of the local indigenous food which then value‐added the rare local food resources, and boost the local farmer's production and economic status.
The effect of yam (Dioscorea japonica) addition on aroma and properties of gluten‐free rice chiffon cake
Authors: Wang Shang‐Ta , Chen Hong‐Jhang , Fang Mingchih , Huang Ching‐Wen , Sung Wen‐Chieh
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to create gluten‐free chiffon cakes by replacing wheat flour with rice flour (100%, 90% and 70% w/w) and adding yam (0%–30%). The effect of yam's water‐soluble fibre on cake batter properties was studied, including batter density, specific volume, colour, texture, moisture content, water activity and volatile compounds. Results revealed that yam addition decreased crumb lightness value, crust brown index and batter density. Batter viscosity and cake specific volume increased with yam levels, with the optimal amount being 10%. Specific volume decreased at a yam addition of 30%. Twenty‐four compounds were identified in gluten‐free chiffon cake with 10% yam addition (10Y). 1‐Octen‐3‐ol was the primary contributor, accounting for 89.9% odour activity value (OAV) of the aroma with a fruity, buttery, and mushroom odour, attributed to its low threshold. In addition, aldehyde compounds including hexanal, 3‐methylbutanal, 2‐methylbutanal, pentanal, 2‐methylpropanal, nonanal, octanal and heptanal, accounting for 9% of OAV, had high perception thresholds.
Changes of eating quality of four types of rice with different amylose content under different storage temperatures
Authors: Chen Hong , Rao Xinyue , Zhang Guohao , Yang Guotao , Yang Guoxing , Wang Xuechun , Hu Yungao
Published: June 2024

The environment in which rice is stored has a big influence on rice quality. Four rice cultivars with various amylose content types were kept at low temperatures (LT, 4 °C) and room temperature (RT, 20 °C) in this study: NAC: (Low‐amylose content <2%), LAC: (low‐amylose content, about 10%), MAC: (medium‐amylose content, about 17%) and HAC: (high‐amylose content, about 25%). After storage at two temperatures and comparison to the harvest year, the amylose content of 4 types increased, and the change range of the HAC was the lowest. The gel consistency held at LT was higher than that at RT. Under LT storage, the breakdown values of MAC and HAC greatly increased (0.47%–0.65%), but NAC significantly reduced. The enthalpy of gelatinisation (▵Hg) drastically reduced (7.81%–49.10%) from the harvest year. Regeneration enthalpy increased at the grain after being sealed for a year at LT (except HAC) and reduced noticeably at RT. With the exception of ▵Hg and pasting temperature, the DSC profiles had a positive correlation with gel consistency. HPV, CPV and SBV showed a positive correlation with amylose content. As a result, the ideal storage temperature should be chosen based on the amylose type and use of the rice during storage.
Influence of hydrocolloids and flours on acoustic‐mechanical and microstructural properties of battered deep‐fat fried meat
Authors: Liberty Jacob Tizhe , Bhuiyan Md. Hafizur Rahman , Ngadi Michael
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the influence of hydrocolloid–flour mixtures on textural, structural, oil absorption and optical characteristics of batter‐coated fried meat. The batter coatings were formulated with corn, wheat and rice flours along with different hydrocolloids (methylcellulose, carboxyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, gum arabic). Textural and structural properties were assessed by acoustic‐mechanical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results showed that the addition of hydrocolloids improved crispiness and reduced oil content in fried products. Comparative performances of the hydrocolloids in improving crispiness were in decreasing order as gum arabic > locust bean > xanthan gum > carboxyl methylcellulose > methylcellulose. Textural properties of the hydrocolloids were interwoven with the flour type, where corn flour demonstrating better crispiness than wheat and rice flours. The crispiness of hydrocolloids added batter increased up to seven times than the control samples. The hydrocolloids were found to significantly influence (P ≤ 0.05) the appearance of battered meat formulated with corn and wheat flours. Hydrocolloids showed prominent effect on wheat flour‐based batter in terms of average pore area, whereas highest impact on corn flour regarding the number of pores formed.
Bone marrow necrosis: Facts, controversies, and perspective
Authors: Luan Chengxin , Zhao Hongguo , Ding Yufei
Published: June 2024

Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a clinically and pathologically poorly‐defined and readily‐overlooked entity. The current facts and guidelines pertaining to this entity are scarce, and there exist controversies. Upon reviewing the literature, we present the facts, analyze these controversies, and discourse on future prospects.