bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O potencial simbiótico da análise schenkeriana na performance e análise musical do Praeambulum da Partita n. 5 para teclas, de J. S. Bach
Authors: Correia Renata Coutinho de Barros , Silva Jéssica Evelyn Papi
Published: August 2021

O artigo trata sobre o potencial da ferramenta de análise schenkeriana na abordagem de questões performáticas. Ilustra o papel desta proposta na produção de metáforas expressivas (projeção sonora e modelagem afetiva), bem como demonstra a possibilidade de contribuição mútua ou “processo simbiótico” entre a análise e a performance musical. Tem como objeto o Praeambulum da Partita n. 5, de J. S. Bach, selecionado em função de seus desafios interpretativos. A análise de vozes condutoras é considerada num contexto analítico abrangente, sendo complementada pela observação de eventos métricos e a análise de elementos expressivos advindos de gravações (dinâmica, articulação e agógica), que é apoiada no emprego do software Sonic Visualiser. Os resultados mostram como noções advindas da teoria analítica de Schenker tendem a contribuir ao embasamento de decisões de realização por parte do performer, bem como enriquecer o seu processo interpretativo.
The Emergence of a Summer Hemisphere Jet in Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: Guendelman Ilai , Waugh Darryn W. , Kaspi Yohai
Published: August 2021

Zonal jets are common in planetary atmospheres. Their character, structure, and seasonal variability depend on the planetary parameters. During solstice on Earth and Mars, there is a strong westerly jet in the winter hemisphere and weak, low-level westerlies in the ascending regions of the Hadley cell in the summer hemisphere. This summer jet has been less explored in a broad planetary context, both due to the dominance of the winter jet and since the balances controlling it are more complex, and understanding them requires exploring a broader parameter regime. To better understand the jet characteristics on terrestrial planets and the transition between winter- and summer-dominated jet regimes, we explore the jet’s dependence on rotation rate and obliquity. Across a significant portion of the parameter space, the dominant jet is in the winter hemisphere, and the summer jet is weaker and restricted to the boundary layer. However, we show that for slow rotation rates and high obliquities, the strongest jet is in the summer rather than the winter hemisphere. Analysis of the summer jet’s momentum balance reveals that the balance is not simply cyclostrophic and that both boundary layer drag and vertical advection are essential. At high obliquities and slow rotation rates, the cross-equatorial winter cell is wide and strong. The returning poleward flow in the summer hemisphere is balanced by low-level westerlies through an Ekman balance and momentum is advected upward close to the ascending branch, resulting in a midtroposphere summer jet.
Diurnal Variations of Coastal Boundary Layer Jets over the Northern South China Sea and Their Impacts on Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall over Southern China during the Early-Summer Rainy Season
Authors: Dong Fu , Zhi Xiefei , Zhang Ling , Ye Chengzhi
Published: August 2021

The diurnal variations of coastal boundary layer jets (CBLJs) over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and their effects on the diurnal cycle of rainfall over southern China during the early-summer rainy season of 2010–16 are examined based on the merged hourly gauge and satellite rainfall dataset, ERA5 data, and numerical simulations. CBLJs over the northern SCS exhibit two high-frequency regions with different diurnal cycles: one shows a nocturnal peak, located at the Beibu Gulf (WCBLJ); the other shows a double peak in the early morning and late afternoon, located over the coastal area of Guangdong (ECBLJ). Both CBLJs are occurred more frequently near Hainan Island. The inertial oscillations triggered by the land–sea thermal contrast, dynamic effects of Hainan Island, and effects of mountains over Vietnam are mainly attributed to the nocturnal WCBLJs, whereas the inertial oscillations induced by the large-scale sea breezes are responsible for nocturnal ECBLJs. The formation of afternoon ECBLJs mainly result from the thermal effects of Hainan Island. Nocturnal and morning rainfall over southern China are pronounced near the coast and the windward slope, while the afternoon rainfall peaks over the inland region in Guangdong Province. Due to dynamically forced lifting and moisture transport, WCBLJs and ECBLJs are essential for the formation of nocturnal and morning rainfall over Guangxi and Guangdong Province, respectively. In addition to the effects of solar heating, the afternoon rainfall over inland Guangdong is mainly affected by the ECBLJs and eastward-propagating rainfall belts from Guangxi Province, which are highly related to the occurrence of WCBLJs.
Trace Selenium Measurement in Water Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Assisted by Laser Ablation
Authors: de Lima Filho Elton Soares , Bouchard Paul , Sabsabi Mohamad , Lamouche Guy , Harhira Aïssa
Published: August 2021

Selenium detection and removal from industrial and mining effluents have gained attention recently due to the negative effects of this trace element on aquatic life. However, the current methods for the detection of selenium in effluents are off-line by nature. In order to fill this gap, we investigated the use of laser ablation-assisted laser-induced fluorescence (LA-LIF) to measure trace amount of selenium in aqueous solutions. LA-LIF measurements are real time, label-free, standoff, and require no consumables as well as no sample preparation. They can provide a field-amenable, versatile tool for the measurement of selenium in the whole water treatment chain. We describe the system utilized, the temporal and fluence optimization studies, and the resulting calibration curve, which is linear over a wide dynamic range from parts-per-billion to tens of parts-per-million concentration levels. We also show that the achieved limit of detection of selenium can reach 32 µg/L using LA-LIF, without any kind of preconcentration or matrix transfer.
Defending Against Medical Error: Personal Reflections on the Legacy of John Senders
Authors: Cafazzo Joseph A. , Sellen Abigail J. , Norman Don
Published: August 2021

Objective

To honor the legacy of John Senders, a distinguished member of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, by a short, personal history of him, but then to honor his legacy by extending it through our own professional opinions, with an emphasis on the study of human error and its implications for healthcare systems—two topics in which he excelled.

Background

The authors are familiar with the topic and subject matter. One was a friend of Senders for over 50 years. Another was a collaborator and joint author with Senders (as well as his stepdaughter). All three authors have extensive publications in the topic areas.

Method, Results, and Conclusion

The authors used personal accounts of interactions with Senders at conferences, experiences living and working with him, and a brief review of his most personal, notable publications in healthcare. The reflections indicate a strong resonance on Senders’ contributions to system design that are relevant today in healthcare’s most challenging period in its history.
Waste size and lay up sequence strategy for reusing/recycling carbon fiber fabric in laminate composite: Mechanical property analysis
Authors: Shiino Marcos Yutaka , Cipó Thais Carolina Gonçalves , Donadon Maurício Vicente , Essiptchouk Alexei
Published: August 2021

Carbon fiber fabrics have been largely used in composite structures as they provide high mechanical strength and potential weigh reduction, allowing more efficiency in product design. However, the production of the parts generates scraps that is discarded as a waste, becoming a challenge to recycle the carbon fiber with predictable mechanical strength. Within this context, this research analyzed strategies of laying up carbon woven fabrics based scraps, in order to reach a desirable mechanical properties in bending loading. Three types of laminates were manufactured using varied fabric size and number of discontinuities in the layup combined with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a matrix. The obtained composites were tested under four-point-bending test and an energy-strength based analysis was conducted. This analysis explained a strategic position of fabric scrap to maximize the bending strength: providing a value of 106.33 MPa for a composite with high number of discontinuities against 83.11 MPa for another with less discontinuity.
Lower Limb Proprioception and Strength Differences Between Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Controls
Authors: Armitano-Lago Cortney , Bennett Hunter J. , Haegele Justin A.
Published: August 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex diagnosis characterized primarily by persistent deficits in social communication/interaction and repetitive behavior patterns, interests, and/or activities. ASD is also characterized by various physiological and/or behavioral features that span sensory, neurological, and neuromotor function. Although problems with lower body coordination and control have been noted, little prior research has examined lower extremity strength and proprioception, a process requiring integration of sensorimotor information to locate body/limbs in space. We designed this study to compare lower limb proprioception and strength in adolescents with ASD and neurotypical controls. Adolescents diagnosed with ASD (n = 17) and matched controls (n = 17) performed ankle plantarflexion/dorsiflexion bilateral proprioception and strength tests on an isokinetic dynamometer. We assessed position-based proprioception using three targeted positions (5 and 20-degrees plantarflexion and 10-degrees dorsiflexion) and speed-based proprioception using two targeted speeds (60 and 120-degrees/second). We assessed strength at 60-degrees/second. Participants with ASD performed 1.3-times more poorly during plantarflexion position and 2-times more poorly during the speed-based proprioception tests compared to controls. Participants with ASD also exhibited a 40% reduction in plantarflexion strength compared to controls. These findings provide insight into mechanisms that underly the reduced coordination, aberrant gait mechanics, and coordination problems often seen in individuals with ASD, and the identification of these mechanisms now permits better targeting of rehabilitative goals in treatment programs.
Mental Fatigue Reduces the Benefits of Self-Controlled Feedback on Learning a Force Production Task
Authors: Khojasteh Moghani Milad , Zeidabadi Rasool , Shahabi Kaseb Mohammad Reza , Bahreini Borujeni Iman
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the impact of mental fatigue and self-controlled versus yoked feedback on learning a force production task. We randomly assigned 44 non-athlete male students (Mage = 21.4, SD = 1.4 years) to four groups; (a) MF&SCF = mental fatigue & self-controlled feedback, (b) MF&Y = mental fatigue & yoked, (c) NMF&SCF = no mental fatigue & self-controlled feedback, and (d) NMF&Y = no mental fatigue & yoked). SCF group participants were provided feedback whenever they requested it, while YK group participants received feedback according to a schedule created by their SCF counterparts. To induce mental fatigue, participants performed a Stroop color-word task for one hour. During the acquisition (practice) phase, participants were asked to produce a given percentage of their maximum force (20%) in 12 blocks of six trials. We recorded the participants’ absolute error at the end of the acquisition phase, the immediate retention test, the first transfer test, and the second transfer test (after 24 hours and without any further mental fatigue). The acquisition phase data were analyzed in a 2 (feedback) × 2 (mental fatigue) × 12 (block) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor, while the retention and transfer data were analyzed in 2 (feedback) × 2 (mental fatigue) ANOVAs. We found that all four groups made significant progress during practice ( p < .001), but there were no significant group differences during this phase ( p>.05). There was a significant interaction effect of self-controlled feedback and mental fatigue at retention ( p = .018) and transfer testing ( p < .001). In the mental fatigue condition, participants in the self-controlled group had poorer learning compared to participants in the yoked group; but when not mentally fatigued, participants in the self-controlled group had better learning than those in the yoked group. These findings suggest that mental fatigue reduces typical advantages of self-controlled feedback in motor learning.
Portuguese Version of Parker’s () Role Breadth Self-Efficacy Scale: Examining Its Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity to Predict Innovative Work Behaviour
Authors: Rodrigues Nuno , Rebelo Teresa
Published: August 2021

Drawing upon previous theorizing and empirical research efforts supporting the importance of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) as a key motivational antecedent of proactive forms of behaviour at work, including individual innovation, this paper reports the process of building and validating a Portuguese version of Parker’s RBSE scale. Data from two studies with independent samples of employees ( N = 103, N = 148) pertaining to an information technology company, showed that this version (RBSE-P) has, as expected, a unidimensional structure with a high level of factor structure similarity in both samples, as well as appropriate levels of internal consistency. Furthermore, evidence from the second sample ( N = 148) revealed that, in line with preliminary research, this construct shows validity to predict the distinctive proactive behaviour of individual innovation, evaluated by the employee’s corresponding direct supervisors. These results support the use of this scale for assessing RBSE in Portuguese-speaking work settings and the meaningful role of this construct for predicting this criterion, which is acknowledged as an important driver of organizational success and competitiveness.
Self-assembled bio-based coatings for flame-retardant and antibacterial polyester–cotton fabrics
Authors: Jiang Zhenlin , Hu Youxian , Zhu Keyu , Li Yue , Wang Chaosheng , Zhang Shuhua , Wang Jianhua
Published: August 2021

There are many defects in the post finishing flame-retardant modification of polyester–cotton (CT) fabric, leading to shortcomings such as single function and low flame-retardant efficiency, which still need to be solved urgently. Herein, a bio-based flame-retardant and antibacterial coating consisting of phytic acid and DL-arginine was deposited on CT fabrics using layer-by-layer assembly to obtain a flame-retardant and antibacterial CT fabric. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the assembled coating was successful deposited on the CT fabric. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the number of bilayers had no significant effect on the degradation temperature of the coated CT fabric; however, it significantly improved the charring effect of the sample, wherein the char rate of the CT fabric coated with 20 bilayers increased from 0.11 to 8.67 wt% compared with uncoated CT fabric at 700°C. In addition, the limiting oxygen index of the CT fabric coated with 20 bilayers increased to 32.0 ± 0.3%. Furthermore, the vertical results revealed that the CT fabric coated with five bilayers attained the UL-94 V-1 grade. The heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the coated CT fabric were significantly decreased compared to those of the uncoated CT fabric. In particular, the HRR and THR of the CT fabric coated with five bilayers reduced by 28.97% and 30.49%, respectively. Furthermore, the coated CT fabric exhibited an obvious antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and the inhibitory ring increased from 0 to 4.0 mm with an increase in bilayers to 20. This study describes a facile method of flame-retardant and antibacterial modification of CT fabric using biological materials.
A relative hairiness index for evaluating the securities of fiber ends in staple yarns and its application
Authors: Huang Xinxin , Tao Xiaoming , Yin Rong , Liu Shirui
Published: August 2021

Hairiness is a prominent property of staple yarns, but the existing evaluation parameters mainly describe the fiber ends already protruding out of yarn bodies. The potential fiber ends in yarns also play a crucial role in the performance of yarns in the subsequent processes and the resultant fabric quality. In our previous studies, maximum hairiness and its theoretical model have been proposed, which indicate the maximum fiber ends of a staple yarn having the potential to protrude out of yarn bodies and become hairy. On this basis, the relative hairiness index (RHI) is developed in this study to evaluate the fiber end tucking and securities of yarns. This index is treated as a ratio of the measured hairiness of sample yarns and the maximum hairiness of ring yarns in the same twist level and yarn count. A lower RHI indicates more fiber ends being tucked into yarn bodies, and a slower increment of the RHI with the increasing winding times represents more stable securities of fiber ends in yarns. The experimental results demonstrate that the RHI can directly reveal the effectiveness of different spinning parameters and methods in tucking and securing fiber ends; also, the changes of the RHI with increasing winding times visually present the stableness of fiber ends in various yarns experiencing abrasion, as well as predict the possibility of the potential fiber ends being pulled out to form hairiness during successive processes. The proposed RHI, therefore, provides a significant reference for the spinning process design and yarn quality control.
Patterned fabric image retrieval using relevant feedback via geometric similarity
Authors: Xiang Jun , Zhang Ning , Pan Ruru , Gao Weidong
Published: August 2021

Due to the potential value in many areas, such as e-commerce and inventory management, fabric image retrieval, which is a special case of content-based image retrieval, has recently become a research hotspot. As a major category of textile fabrics, patterned fabrics have a diverse and complex appearance, making the retrieval task more challenging. To address this situation, this paper proposes a novel approach for patterned fabric based on the non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) feature descriptor and relevance feedback technique. To integrate the color information into the NSCT feature descriptor, we extract the feature of patterned fabric images in HSV color space. An outlier rejection-based parametric relevance feedback algorithm is employed to adjust the similarity matrix to improve the retrieval results. The experimental results not only show the effectiveness of the proposed approach but also demonstrate that it can significantly improve the performance of the retrieval system compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
I-fiber implantation robot for composite parts
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Yao Tianlei , Li Chenyang , Wei Yuying , Li Jiao , Zheng Hongwei , Ren Zhipeng , Chen Li
Published: August 2021

I-fiber implantation is a new stitching technology that can effectively enhance the interlayer performance of laminated composites. This paper presents and evaluates the design and implementation of the I-fiber robot implantation system integrated for producing high-performance fiber preforms for advanced composites. The system was constructed and validated through I-fiber robot implantation experimentation. It was demonstrated that automated I-fiber implantation could be achieved by use of an industrial robot. The programming method and computer-aided manufacturing software of the I-fiber implantation robot were feasible and effective. The double-cantilever-beam (DCB) experiments showed that the implantation of I-fiber significantly improved the interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminated composite, where the maximum load value increased by up to 106%. The DCB load–displacement curve presented a zigzag shape, where the peaks and valleys were the location points of the I-fiber break. It was also found that for the reinforced laminated composite without an I-fiber head, the delamination failure was manifested as resin cracking and I-fiber pullout, while for the I-fiber with a certain head length, the I-fiber failure mechanism was brittle fracture. I-fiber with a certain head length could significantly improve the interlayer performance of the composite. In addition, DCB experiments also revealed that the implantation matrix had little effect on the interlayer performance of I-fiber reinforced composites, and the failure load value and the I-fiber implantation volume showed an obvious proportional relationship.
Rodenticide-induced acute liver failure – Uncommon presentation of commonly available poison
Authors: Dawra Saurabh , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Dharmender , Ari Balakrishnan , Srivastava Sharad , Manrai Manish
Published: August 2021

Rodenticide or ‘rat poison’ is easily available in a predominantly agrarian economy such as India. Metal phosphides or yellow phosphorous are two common rodenticides. Acute liver failure caused by accidental or suicidal poisoning with rodenticides has been infrequently reported in literature. Liver transplantation offers the best chances of survival in severe intoxication. However, the availability of liver transplantation in resource-limited settings presents a challenge. N-acetyl cysteine has been successfully used in paracetamol poisoning. Its use in rodenticide-induced acute liver failure is not so well known. We report three cases of rodenticide-related acute liver failure, one of them being a pregnant lady. All three patients were given N-acetyl cysteine and two patients improved. It is possible that the administration of N-acetyl cysteine contributed to the improvement in these two.
Illusions of Clustering: A Systematic Evaluation on the Effects of Clusters on Regional Economic Performance in Korea
Authors: Shin Hyunha , Hwang Junseok
Published: August 2021

Korea has pursued a cluster-based policy to increase industrial competitiveness and to alleviate development gaps between the regions. However, local governments have often oversupplied clusters without an objective examination of the demands and conditions in the regions. Based on these concerns, this study analyses effects and interdependencies of factors related to regional innovation and growth in Korea. Employing a PCA method and a GLS regression models on panel data, we generated three composite factors, social, capacity, and clustering, and estimated their effects on regional economic performance. The results show that it is important to have a favorable socio-economic setting to foster growth by clusters. In addition, cluster-based policies may have weaker effects than expected, because the effect of R&D capacity on regional growth was stronger and longer lasting. Finally, some specific elements that most affected economic growth in Korea’s regions are identified. The overall results indicate favorable environments should be established beforehand to foster regional growth with clusters, which confirms “jobs follow people.”
Syrian Women Refugees: Coping with indeterminate liminality during forcible displacement
Authors: Alkhaled Sophie , Sasaki Innan
Published: August 2021

This paper examines how forcibly displaced people cope with prolonged liminality through identity work. Our paper is based on a longitudinal multiple case study of women refugees who fled Syria and experienced liminality in Amman-Jordan, the Zaatari Refugee Camp in Jordan and the United Kingdom. We contribute to the liminality literature by demonstrating how forcibly displaced people respond to extreme structural constraints and maintain cognitive control over their sense of self during liminality with an end date that is unknown. We develop the concept of liminality by illustrating how the actors were pushed into a state of ‘indeterminate liminality’ and coped by co-constructing it through three forms of identity work – recomposing conflicting memories, reclaiming existence and repositioning tradition. This enabled them to stretch the boundaries of indeterminate liminality, symbolically restore their familiar past and narratively construct a meaningful future.
Mechanisms and Dynamics in the Interplay of Trust and Distrust: Insights from project-based collaboration
Authors: Kostis Angelos , Bengtsson Maria , Näsholm Malin H.
Published: August 2021

Trust and distrust are two distinct organizing principles that play a critical role in interorganizational projects where highly interdependent organizations collaborate to build tailor-made and technologically complex solutions. Whereas an emerging body of research has debated the conceptual distinction between trust and distrust, this paper emphasizes the processual nature of trusting and distrusting and the interplay between them. Drawing upon insights from project-based collaboration in a complex products and systems industry, we explore the distinct cognitive and behavioral mechanisms through which trust and distrust work and orient firms towards optimism and watchfulness in the interaction. Our findings show that trust and distrust can act both as substitutes and complements through three interconnected dynamics—undermining, enabling, and compensating. These dynamics develop and recursively interrelate through interfirm interactions within single projects and in the broader network. We conclude by presenting our contributions to interorganizational trust literature and by proposing that the interplay of trust and distrust can have both positive and negative effects on the pursuit of project-based relationships.
Horizontal experimentalism: Rethinking democratic resistance
Authors: Süß Rahel
Published: August 2021

Major debates on democratic renewal suggest two ways of eliciting social change: either by strengthening vertical practices of representation or by expanding horizontal forms of participation. The article develops an argument for why there is a need to rethink democratic resistance beyond the vertical–horizontal divide. If contemporary forms of resistance encompass a strategic interplay between vertical and horizontal practices, then an alternative framework is required to capture this logic. Filling this gap, the article introduces the concept of ‘horizontal experimentalism’. Such an idea comprehends an understanding of political means and ends as a continuum and as adjusting each other in an ongoing process of experimental inquiry.
Witnessing interparental conflict, feeling caught, and mental health: A conditional process analysis involving parental confirmation and divorce status
Authors: Schrodt Paul , LaFreniere Jenna R.
Published: August 2021

This study tested parental confirmation and divorce as moderators of the direct and indirect effects of witnessing interparental conflict (i.e., demand/withdraw patterns and aggression) on young adults’ mental health through feelings of being caught between parents. Participants included 493 young adults from first-marriage and post-divorce families. Conditional process analyses revealed that both parental confirmation and divorce status moderated the positive association between demand/withdraw patterns and feeling caught. Each parent’s aggression toward their (ex)spouse reduced the inverse association between confirmation and children feeling caught. Father confirmation moderated the indirect effect of witnessing parents’ demand/withdraw patterns on young adults’ mental health via their feelings of being caught, and this moderation was conditioned by divorce status. Consequently, parents may find that confirmation provides a sense of relational reassurance that softens the more immediate distress that their children experience when witnessing their disputes and feeling caught.
Couples’ perceptions of each other’s depressive symptoms: Empathic accuracy and assumed similarity bias
Authors: Carson Chelsea N. , Kouros Chrystyna D.
Published: August 2021

The link between depressive symptoms and relationship functioning has been well-documented. Evidence for affective concordance in depressive symptoms between partners suggests that couples are aware of each other’s mood and symptoms; however, there have been no direct tests of the extent to which couples accurately perceive their partner’s mental health. The present study assessed spouses’ empathic accuracy and assumed similarity bias in rating each other’s depressive symptoms using the truth and bias actor-partner interdependence model for indistinguishable dyads. We hypothesized that husbands and wives would show significant assumed similarity but not significant empathic accuracy when rating their partner’s depressive symptoms. Participants were 55 racially and ethnically diverse heterosexual couples ( N = 110 individuals) with a child between the ages of 10–16 recruited from the community. Results did not provide evidence for empathic accuracy in rating a spouse’s depressive symptoms. Instead, we found significant assumed similarity, such that ratings of a spouse’s depressive symptoms were associated with one’s own level of depressive symptoms. We also found evidence of directional bias, such that, on average, spouses overestimated each other’s level of depressive symptoms. These preliminary findings suggest that couples may not be particularly attuned to their partner’s subjective ratings of depression-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Future research should explore the processes accounting for partners’ perceptions of each other’s mental health, and the impact of these perceptions on relationship functioning.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Engagement and Achievement in Early Childhood Research
Authors: Lindström Esther R. , Chow Jason C. , Zimmerman Kathleen N. , Zhao Hongyang , Settanni Elise , Ellison Alyson
Published: August 2021

Engagement in early childhood has been linked with later achievement, but the relation between these variables and how they are measured in early childhood requires examination. We estimated the overall association between academic engagement and achievement in children prior to kindergarten entry. Our systematic literature search yielded 13,521 reports for structured eligibility screening; from this pool of studies, we identified 21 unique data sets, with 199 effect sizes for analysis. We coded eligible studies, extracted effect sizes, accounted for effect size dependency, and used random-effects models to synthesize findings. The overall correlation between academic engagement and achievement was r = .24 (range: −.08 to .71), and moderator analyses did not significantly predict the relation between the two constructs. This study aligns with previous research on this topic and examines issues related to these measures, their constraints, and applications as they pertain to early childhood research.
How tissue T1-variability influences DCE-MRI perfusion parameters estimation of recurrent high-grade glioma after surgery followed by radiochemotherapy
Authors: Filice Silvano , Ortenzia Ornella , Crisi Girolamo
Published: August 2021

Background

Quantification of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) kinetic parameters (KPs) requires a determination of native tissue T1. Two approaches are adopted: (i) tissue T1-maps are acquired; and (ii) an a priori T1 value (fT1) is fixed for all patients (fT1-approach). Although it is more attractive, the fT1-approach might bias the results of KP calculations due to tissue T1 variability.

Purpose

To quantify the tissue T1 variability of recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) and the error in KP estimation when the fT1-approach is adopted.

Material and Methods

We reviewed the postoperative MRI scans of 28 patients with recurrent HGG after radiochemotherapy. MRI study included T1-maps from multiple-dynamic multiple-echo imaging, DCE-MRI, and contrast enhanced T1-weighted images. KPs were calculated using T1-map and fT1-approach.

Results

The tissue T1 variability of recurrent HGG was relevant. The absolute error in KP estimation, as a function of the deviation of fT1 from the true value, was 8% every 100 ms. The difference between the KPs obtained with fT1-approach from fT1 values of 1300, 1390, and 1500 ms and their reference values were mostly within the 95% confidence interval (± 1.96 standard deviation). Conversely, using fT1 values of 900, 1200, 1600, and 1900 ms causes a significant error in KP estimation ( P<0.05).

Conclusion

Recurrent HGG is characterized by a substantial T1 variability. Although the fT1-approach does not account for this variability, it results in a minor effect on the KP estimations provided the fT1 value is in the range of 1300–1500 ms.
Clinical analysis of 52 adolescent patients with ovarian masses ≥10 cm in diameter
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Lu , Meng Ge
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of large ovarian masses in adolescents.

Methods

Adolescents with large ovarian masses (≥10 cm in diameter) who were treated in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from March 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively assessed.

Results

Fifty-two female patients (mean age: 16.17±2.04 years [11–19 years]) were included and 19 (36.5%) presented with abdominal pain. The blood flow signal rate in ultrasonography was significantly different among benign, borderline and malignant ovarian masses, unlike strong echo, dotted echo and septation rates. Carbohydrate antigen 125 positivity rates were significantly different among pathological types and the endometriotic cyst group showed the highest value (75.0%). Alpha-fetoprotein positivity rates were also different among pathological types. For ovarian cystectomy, 14 and 32 patients underwent laparotomy and laparoscopy, respectively. Mass diameters were significantly higher in the laparotomy group and the operative duration was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss or postoperative recurrence rates between the two groups.

Conclusion

Teratomas constitute the greatest group of large ovarian masses in adolescents. Benign tumors should be treated by laparoscopic resection, while borderline or malignant tumors require individualized treatment of tumors and fertility-sparing treatments.
Ultra-high-risk choriocarcinoma with atraumatic splenic rupture: a rare case report
Authors: Zhang Jun , Bi Xinchun , Xin Qi , Zhang Aihua
Published: August 2021

Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor associated with early vascular invasion and a high mortality. Ultra-high-risk choriocarcinoma, which was proposed in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cancer report of 2018, has a higher risk of treatment failure and a worse prognosis than choriocarcinoma. We report a rare case of a 39-year-old female patient with ultra-high-risk choriocarcinoma (stage IV:20) with hemorrhage secondary to atraumatic splenic rupture as the initial sign. A satisfactory outcome was achieved through comprehensive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
A Multi-Stage Approach for Empty Container Repositioning Under Coordination Among Liner Carriers
Authors: Du Bo , Hu Hao , Zhang Jie , Meng Meng
Published: August 2021

This paper studies the empty container repositioning (ECR) problem considering the exchange of slots and empty containers among liner shipping companies. It is common for an individual shipping company to seek an optimal solution for ECR and cargo routing to maximize its own benefits. To achieve cooperation among shipping companies, a multi-stage solution strategy is proposed. With the inverse optimization technique, the guide leasing prices of slots and empty containers among shipping companies are derived considering the schedule of vessels and cargo routing. Based on the guide leasing price, a cooperative model is formulated to minimize the total cost, which includes the transportation cost for laden containers, the inventory holding cost, the container leasing cost, and the repositioning cost. All the involved shipping companies are expected to follow the best solution of ECR and cargo routing to achieve a cooperative and stable optimum. A real-world shipping network operated by three liner shipping companies is used as a case study with promising numerical results.
A Qualitative Assessment of the Multimodal Passenger Transportation System Response to COVID-19 in New York City
Authors: Abreu Luis , Conway Alison
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a qualitative analysis of transportation system changes that occurred in New York City (NYC) from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until the city began its first phase of reopening in June 2020. The study was conducted by tracking publicly available transportation-related news articles and publications, 1) to capture key issues and challenges and 2) to identify changes in policies, services, and infrastructure that occurred in response across five passenger transportation modes: public transit; taxis; ridesharing; personal driving; and cycling and micromobility. Results were assessed to identify common issues and interactions between modes. The paper concludes with key lessons learned from this event, and recommendations for future policy.
Investigating the Potential of Truck Platooning for Energy Savings: Empirical Study of the U.S. National Highway Freight Network
Authors: Sun Xiaotong , Wu Haochen , Abdolmaleki Mojtaba , Yin Yafeng , Zou Bo
Published: August 2021

Truck platooning enabled by connected automated vehicle (CAV) technology has been demonstrated to effectively reduce fuel consumption for trucks in a platoon. However, given the limited number of trucks in the traffic stream, it remains questionable how great an energy saving it may yield for a practical freight system if we only rely on ad-hoc platooning. Assuming the presence of a central platooning coordinator, this paper is offered to substantiate truck platooning benefits in fuel economy produced by exploiting platooning opportunities arising from the United States’ domestic truck demands on its highway freight network. An integer programming model is utilized to schedule trucks’ itineraries to facilitate the formation of platoons at platoonable locations to maximize energy savings. A simplification of the real freight network and an approximation algorithm are used to solve the model efficiently. By analyzing the numerical results obtained, this study quantifies the importance of scheduled platooning in improving trucks’ fuel economy. Furthermore, the allowable platoon size, schedule flexibility, and fuel efficiency all play a crucial role in energy savings. Specifically, by assuming that following vehicles in a platoon obtain a 10% energy reduction, an average energy reduction of 8.48% per truck can be achieved for the overall network if the maximum platoon size is seven, and the schedule flexibility is 30 min. The cost–benefit analysis provided at the end suggests that the energy-saving benefits can offset the investment cost in truck platooning technology.
Teacher empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour in public schools in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Eman I
Published: August 2021

This study reports on an investigation of the relationships between teacher empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviours. Data were collected from 457 teachers working in secondary schools in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that teacher empowerment was positively correlated with organisational citizenship behaviours among teachers. Regression analysis indicated that teacher empowerment explained 48% of the variance in organisational citizenship behaviour scores. The results of the study revealed that decision making, professional growth, status and impact had the most contribution in explaining the variance of total organisational citizenship behaviours. These results indicated the significance of empowering teachers in the school settings. The more the teachers are empowered, the more they exhibit behaviors that go beyond their traditional roles towards the advantage of their students, colleagues, and schools. Directions for further research are discussed.
Efficacy of a Viokace Pancreatic Enzyme Protocol for Clearing Occluded Enteral Feeding Tubes: A Quality Assurance Evaluation
Authors: Kurish Heena P. , Gabriel Jacenta M. , Bruck Cheryl L. , Stumpf Janice L.
Published: August 2021

Background: A previous retrospective study documented restored patency to 48.2% of occluded enteral feeding tubes using alkalinized Creon pancreatic enzyme capsules. In light of the low efficacy rate, the institutional enteral feeding tube clearance protocol was subsequently revised to incorporate a newly marketed non–enteric-coated Viokace pancreatic enzyme tablet, despite the lack of published data for this indication. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Viokace-based alkalinized pancreatic enzyme protocol to clear occluded enteral feeding tubes in a university health system. Methods: This retrospective, cohort quality assurance study included adult and pediatric patients receiving a Viokace-based pancreatic enzyme protocol for enteral feeding tube occlusions in a university health system during a 12-month period. The primary outcome was effectiveness in enteral tube clearance as documented in the electronic medical record. Efficacy of the new protocol was also compared with a Creon-based alkalinized solution using historical data. Results: The Viokace protocol successfully cleared 176 of the 277 (63.5%) occluded enteral feeding tubes occurring in 205 patients included in the analysis. The revised protocol was significantly more effective at clearing occluded enteral feeding tubes ( P = 0.0056) than a protocol using Creon pancreatic enzyme capsules. Conclusion: According to this retrospective evaluation, an alkalinized Viokace pancreatic enzyme protocol was effective in clearing 63.5% of occluded enteral feeding tubes. This significantly higher success rate than previously documented with a Creon-based protocol supports the change in pancreatic enzyme formulations in the institutional protocol.
A novel nonlocal higher-order theory for the accurate vibration analysis of 2D FG nanoplates
Authors: Xie Juanjuan , Li Jin , Zhen Longxin , Zhang Chengguang , Mohammadi Reza
Published: August 2021

In this paper, vibration analysis of the 2 D-FG nanoplate is studied based on a novel higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The proposed HSDT is a composition of trigonometric, exponential and polynomial functions which is one of the most accurate HSDTs. The mechanical properties of the nanoplate change along with the length and thickness directions, according to arbitrary functions. To model the displacement field, the impacts of both transverse shear and thickness stretching are considered. To consider the small-scale impact, nonlocal elasticity theory is applied. To obtain the equations of motion, Hamilton’s principle is applied. Navier method is used for a closed-form solution of the 2 D-FG nanoplates with simply-supported boundary conditions. The impact of different parameters including the small-scale parameter are studied on the natural frequency of the system. The results illustrate that when size effect parameter is smaller/greater than 0.5 nm, the impacts of the FG parameters on the frequency of the system increase/reduce.
Stability and statistical analysis on melting heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation effect
Authors: Md Basir Md Faisal , Mackolil Joby , Mahanthesh B , Nisar Kottakkaran S , Muhammad Taseer , Anuar Nur Syazana , Bachok Norfifah
Published: August 2021

The dual solutions for the stagnation point flow in a cobalt–CeO2/kerosene hybrid nanofluid with melting heat transfer and thermal radiation are analyzed. The partial differential equations are solved by the conversion of the partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by utilizing suitable scaling group transformations. Numerical solutions are obtained by employing the built-in function in the MATLAB software (bvp4c). Physically recoverable solutions are found employing stability analysis. The factor variables of interest (melting parameter, the nanoparticle volume fraction of cobalt and CeO2) are then further analyzed by utilizing the sensitivity analysis (based on the response surface methodology model) for heat transfer rate, as well as the skin friction coefficient. It is found that the heat transfer and skin friction tend to be significantly higher in a hybrid nanofluid due to the radiation and melting heat transfer. The lower branch is found to be unstable, whereas the upper branch is found to be stable. Also, the heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient are found to be negatively sensitive toward the melting parameter. The model in this study can be applied for microscopic propulsion systems and the nano-electromechanical systems integrated with a nano-based system.
Protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate against methotrexate-induced testicular damage
Authors: Delen Ozlem , Uz Yesim H
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage in rats. Forty Wistar albino male rats were divided into equally four groups: Control group (saline solution, IP), PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC,IP, 10 days), MTX group (20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day) and MTX + PDTC group (100 mg/kg PDTC, IP, 10 days and 20 mg/kg MTX, IP, single dose, on the 6th day). After 10 days, testicular tissues were excised for morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prokineticin 2 (PK2) levels were determined. Body and testicular weights were measured. Testicular damage was assessed by histological evaluation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and PK2 immunoreactivities were evaluated by HSCORE. Body and testicular weights, serum FSH, LH, testosterone levels, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial thickness were significantly decreased in the MTX group. However, serum PK2 level, histologically damaged seminiferous tubules and interstitial field width were significantly increased. Additionally, there was an increase in NFkB and PK2 immunoreactivity, whereas there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 immunoreactivity. PDTC significantly improved hormonal, morphometric, histological and immunohistochemical findings. Taken together, we conclude that PDTC may reduce MTX-induced testicular damage via NFkB, Nrf2 and PK2 signaling pathways.
Gerald Hubert Leatherman DSc FDS FFD DOdont (1903–1991), the World Dental Federation, dental hygienists and the promotion of oral health
Authors: Gelbier Stanley
Published: August 2021

In 1994 a ‘Dr Gerald Leatherman Award' was established by the British Dental Hygienists' Association to honour Leatherman. But who was he? And why was he associated with this named award? There are many facets to the Leatherman story: the first training of UK dental hygienists, support for their association, promotion of oral health in many ways and, perhaps especially, his work for the World Dental Federation (FDI).