bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regeneration redux? What (if anything) can we learn from New Labour?
Authors: Lupton Ruth , Crisp Richard
Published: January 2019

The European Union referendum result in England focused increasing political attention on ‘left behind’ places sidelined in the ‘post-regeneration’ (Matthews and O'Brien, 2015) era of 2010 onwards. This shift creates space for thinking anew about reviving and reconfiguring regeneration policies to address enduring forms of place-based disadvantage. To this end, this chapter takes a close look at the ‘New’ Labour approach to urban regeneration from 1997 to 2010 and what can be learned from it. It offers a new conceptual analysis of how the New Labour years were characterised by a tension between ‘ameliorative’ and ‘transformative’ policy logics, with valuable ameliorative outcomes around improving neighbourhood conditions eventually reassessed as failure through the lens of transformative objectives around wholesale economic regeneration. The chapter concludes that these tensions and contestations need to be acknowledged and resolved in less binary and divisive ways than in recent policy history within any new round of regeneration policy.
Persona
Authors: Smith Daniel R.
Published: January 2019

This chapter asks what room is there for stand-up comedy as social critique in a ‘post-abjection’ society. In a society where a New Left politics is normative, ‘common sense’, where does this leave radical critique for stand-up comedians? If New Left ideals are mainstream ‘political sense’, how do comedians face up to the obligations of New Left political subjectivity from the social identities their personas fix them as? The ethics of selfhood which New Left hegemony obliges is viewed through stand-up personas as offering philosophies of ‘the subject’ which foreground the moral ought of leftist politics and the structurally compromised position of their social identities.
Past: how has Parliament’s use of language changed?
Authors: Williams Matthew
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines changes in Parliament's use of language by analysing every word enacted between 1900 and 2015. It begins with a discussion of four components of legislative language that correspond to the primary parts of speech: adjectives and adverbs can elasticate the substance of policy; conditional conjunctions affect the substance and the procedure by which law is implemented; the extent and timing of policy implementation is implicated by which modal verbs are used; other verbs used also establish discretion, but are more important for changing policy substance. The chapter goes on to explain the data and the methodology used in the study before summarising the results. The evidence shows that there was a significant change in the degree of legislative indeterminacy, and that legislation has changed not only in degree but also in kind. Adjectives, adverbs and conjunctions were the primary drivers of changes in indeterminate legislation.
Present: why has Parliament’s use of language changed?
Authors: Williams Matthew
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the reasons for the changes in Parliament's use of language. It begins by elaborating on the meaning of legislative indeterminacy, focusing on four parts of speech that are significant to the determinacy of a text and their policy benefits: noun/verb qualifers, conjunctions, modal auxiliary verbs and enabling verbs. It then traces the historic patterns in the use of legislative language since 1900 and presents three case studies that illustrate how and why choices were made to change the language of the law: the cases of Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission (1969) and Franklin and Others v The Minister of Town and Country Planning (1947), and the Immigration Act 1971. The chapter shows that enactment of indeterminate legislation increased substantially since 1900, in part due to choices taken by post-war governments to ‘roll back the state’ and allow policy to adapt to changeable market conditions.
Homelessness: how Parliament’s language affects local government duties
Authors: Williams Matthew
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how legislative language affects local government duties by looking to homelessness law and policy. To test whether legislative language is a variable for explaining policy effectiveness, and more specifically how indeterminate legislation impacts the accountability of policy delivery, the chapter uses data from local government housing decisions in England and Wales. It first provides a brief history of local government housing provision, placing emphasis on the meaning of ‘homelessness’, as well as the powers and duties of local authorities, before discussing the theory, hypotheses, methodology, data and results of the study. The adjectives ‘vulnerable’ and ‘likely’ were found to exert a strong and statistically significant effect on the delivery of homelessness policy in England after 2002. Both words also affected the recognition rate of individuals fleeing violence or threats of violence in England.
How Parliament’s language affects individual rights
Authors: Williams Matthew
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how Parliament's use of language affects individual rights. Focusing on cases pertaining to the Race Relations Act 1976 (Amendment) Regulations 2003 and the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, it investigates how the provision of rights is affected by indeterminate legislation and how indeterminacies in anti-discrimination and equality laws have undermined the effectiveness of policy. The chapter first explains the theory and research design, the distinction between anti-discrimination law and equality law, and changes in the language of both laws. It then discusses the results of discourse analyses, conducted for all 870 sections of primary legislation pertaining to anti-discrimination and equality enacted since 1900. Legislative language was found to have a significant effect on both the desirability and feasibility of indeterminate legislation.
A Crisis of Compassion
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This book examines the role of compassion and its relationship to other emotions in asylum and immigration policy discourses in Australia, the UK and the United States. Focusing on the case of undocumented immigrants and refugees, it analyses the politics of compassion in immigration and asylum policy within the broader landscape of the rise of political cultural scripts such as ‘humanitarian reason’, ‘liberal terror’ and ‘compassionate conservativism’ in contemporary politics. This chapter presents an outline of the book's argument, first by considering the media and public hostility towards certain populations of migrants and refugees and then how compassion works as the workings of compassion as a basic social emotion. It then discusses the policy case studies that illustrate the role of a discourse of compassion within recent immigration and asylum policy debates in Australia, the UK and the United States. It also provides an overview of the chapters that follow.
The Emotional Politics of Immigration and Asylum
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the emotional politics of immigration and asylum policy. It first considers the role of emotions in social relations and in public life, with particular emphasis on the so-called affective turn in the social sciences and the relationship between emotion and reason. It then explores the role of emotions in immigration and asylum policy before defining and analysing the emotion of compassion. It also charts the rise of the politics of compassion in contemporary political discourse, along with the opportunities and challenges this produces for asylum and immigration policy. Finally, it looks at the proposal that a notion of compassion based on proximity and solidarity rather than distance and pity is more conducive to the realisation of social justice. The chapter argues that we need to take into account the role of ‘humanising’ emotions in the support and contestation of restrictive immigration policies.
The Intolerable Death of Alan Kurdi
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the role of compassion in the phenomenon of witness bearing by telling the tragic story of Alan Kurdi, a three-year-old Syrian boy who drowned on September 2, 2015, along with his mother, five-year-old brother, and other Syrian refugees when their boat capsized after leaving Bodrum in Turkey. A series of photographs of Alan taken by photo-journalist Nilüfer Demir have come to symbolise a perceived turning point in the emotional script of refugee reception in Europe. Drawing on the iconic visual testimony of Alan Kurdi's death, this chapter explores how compassion was mobilised in critiques of the restrictive policies and lack of action by the UK during the refugee crisis. It first considers how compassion has been used to mobilise resistance to restrictive government refugee policies before discussing the responses to Alan's death and how they engaged with a discourse of compassion.
Victims, Villains and Saviours
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how the governments of Australia, the UK and the United States have co-opted discourses of compassion for ‘deserving’ immigrants and refugees to justify the enactment of violent and punitive policies. In particular, it explores the emergence of the figure of the people smuggler as a racialised and gendered villain in contemporary border enforcement narratives and as a target for outrage driven by ‘compassion’. It first considers how violent humanitarianism has been justified through three archetype and neocolonial characters developed through the border-enforcement narrative: the ‘suffering refugee’, the villainous ‘people smuggler’ and ‘migrant queue jumper’, and the saviour government. It then discusses the ways in which a discourse of compassion for ‘genuine’ victims has been employed to direct disapproval and outrage against smugglers and migrant ‘queue jumpers’. It also describes the criminalisation of solidarity and humanitarianism as part of the war on people smugglers.
Withholding Compassion
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how governments have mobilised a discourse of compassion to reinforce a divide between ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ immigrants and refugees, and therefore withhold compassion from those unable to enact the conditions necessary for recognition as a worthy subject of compassion. It first explains how governments have deployed the feeling and framing rules of the emotional regime of compassion to withhold compassion from immigrants and refugees. It then describes two policy case studies that emphasised the vulnerability of immigrants and refugees: the Syrian Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Programme in the UK and the Australian Syrian and Iraqi Humanitarian Programme. It also analyses Donald Trump's presidential election campaign in 2016 to show how ‘suffering citizens’ have become centred as the legitimate subjects of compassion, at the expense of migrants and refugees.
Outrage, Responsibility and Accountability
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how migrant and refugee rights activists have reclaimed a politics of outrage to challenge violent and repressive policies and hold those responsible to account. Focusing on the campaign to end Australia's use of offshore immigration detention on Manus Island and Nauru, the chapter highlights the Australian government's long-standing denial of responsibility and discrediting of the physical body as a mode of testimony and how it has obscured from public view — and physical proximity — the violence of its asylum and immigration policy. The #LetThemStay protests which took place in early 2016 against the deportation of refugees from Australia to the offshore detention centres, and the #CloseTheCamps and #BringThemHere protests reflect how asylum seekers and activists turn to the suffering body as a means of rearticulating compassion and connecting it to the feminist ethics of care, as well as directing outrage towards the causes of suffering.
Self-Care and Solidarity: The Undocumented Immigrant Youth Movement
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how a shift from the notion of compassion that is felt at a distance to a practice of compassion as suffering with one another in solidarity has been achieved by the undocumented youth movement in the United States. It begins with an overview of the origins of the undocumented youth movement, followed by a discussion of their campaign for the rights of the country's undocumented young people, their campaign for the passage of the federal Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act, and their response to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) introduced by President Barack Obama. It also considers the movement's use of storytelling as testimony in their DREAM Act campaign and shows how compassion as solidarity and co-suffering can play an important role in enabling witness bearing and the building of a more inclusive and enduring resistance to suffering and social injustice.
Conclusion
Authors: Sirriyeh Ala
Published: January 2019

This concluding chapter summarises the book's main themes built around the argument that a discourse of compassion has been appropriated to justify oppressive policies against migrants and refugees. These people have been met with hostility and exclusion by receiving governments, especially Australia, the UK and the United States. In analysing how people are placed within and outside of ‘circles of concern’ in contested immigration and asylum policy discourse, this book has discussed measures that emphasised the vulnerability of immigrants and refugees. It has also explored compassion as solidarity, an idea that it claims offers more promising prospects for social justice than the notion of compassion based on distance and pity, and how activists have linked compassion with outrage to address the causes of suffering and alleviate it in the long term.
Análise dos fluxos nos aquíferos cárstico-fissurais da região da APA Carste de Lagoa Santa, MG
Authors: Ribeiro Carolina Gomes , Velásquez Leila Nunes Menegasse , De Paula Rodrigo Sérgio , Meireles Cecília Gouvêa , Lopes Nilo Henrique Balzani , Arcos Rolando Esteban Clavijo , Amaral Diógenes Guilherme Pampolini
Published: January 2019

A área de estudos, que engloba a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Carste de Lagoa Santa, se estende por 504 km2. Nesta região, ocorrem os metacalcários da Formação Sete Lagoas, composta pelos membros Pedro Leopoldo e Lagoa Santa, os quais acomodam os aquíferos cárstico-fissurais. O método de estudo envolveu o levantamento de estruturas rúpteis e de dissolução cárstica em uma malha de 9.000 m2, escala 1:300.000, com a finalidade de analisá-las e associá-las com as direções de cavernas e com direções de fluxos da água subterrânea comprovadas por testes de traçadores corantes (E-W, NE e SE), de sentido oriental. Por toda a área, a preponderância sistemática de cavernas e paleocondutos reliquiares na direção N70-90W, com caimento suave para leste, indica que esses paleocondutos resultam da dissolução ao longo da interseção das fraturas E-W, de alto ângulo, com o plano de acamamento suave, de direção NNW. Fraturas de alto ângulo de direção NE e SE também são frequentes, contudo, são raras as exposições dos paleocondutos e cavernas correlatos. Em contrapartida, embora as cavernas N-S se destaquem como mais persistentes e alongadas, assim como as E-W, não se observaram fluxos de água naquela direção (N-S). Os resultados demonstram que os parâmetros estruturais primordiais, as fraturas de alto ângulo e o acamamento, condicionam os fluxos subsuperficiais em condutos de cavernas ainda ativos no sentido oriental. No entanto, não se descarta a possibilidade de ocorrerem circulações profundas em segmentos N-S não observáveis nas zonas superiores.
Recent Trends in Development of High Voltage Circuit Breakers with SF6 Alternative Gases
Authors: Seeger M. , Smeets R. , Yan J. , Ito H. , Claessens M. , Dullni E. , Falkingham L. , Franck C. M. , Gentils F. , Hartmann W. , Kieffel Y. , Jia S. , Jones G. , Mantilla J. , Pawar S. , Rabie M. , Robin-Jouan P. , Schellekens H. , Spencer J. , Uchii T. , Li X. , Yanabu S.
Published: January 2019

The available knowledge of state-of-the-art of SF6 alternative gases in switching applications was collected and evaluated in an initiative of the Current Zero Club together with CIGRE. The present contribution summarizes the main results of this activity and will also include the latest trends. The main properties and switching performance of new gases are compared to SF6. The most promising new gases are at the moment perfluoroketones and perfluoronitriles. Due to the high boiling point of these gases, in HV applications mixtures with CO2 are used. For MV insulation perfluoroketones are mixed with air, but also other combinations might be possible. The dielectric and switching performance of the mixtures, with mixing ratios that allow sufficiently low operating temperatures, is reported to be only slightly below SF6. Minor design changes or de-rating of switchgear are therefore necessary. Differences between the gas mixtures are mainly in the boiling point and the GWP.
Sometimes, Even College Administrators Act like Freshmen
Authors: Peterson Jason A.
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on Mississippi’s first colligate venture into integrated competition, the creation of the unwritten law, and the first challenges to the gentlemen’s agreement. Jones County Junior College played against the integrated Tartars of Compton Junior College in 1955 only to be met with a barrage of racially based verbal attacks from Mississippi’s journalistic elite. In response, state politicians and college presidents banded together to create the unwritten law in an effort to preserve segregation on the playing field. The chapter also examines the coverage of the first challenges to the unwritten law, which were brought forth from the then-Mississippi State College and The University of Mississippi in December 1956. Scribes across Mississippi united in their criticism of the attempted violations of the gentleman’s agreement. Despite the varying amounts of journalistic attention paid to the occurrences, the paths taken in each instance by the press in the Magnolia State contributed to the enforcement of the principles and ideals of the Closed Society
We’ll Stay at Home and Tell Everybody We’re the Best
Authors: Peterson Jason A.
Published: January 2019

This chapter analyzes the press coverage of Mississippi State’s 1958-59 SEC championship season and the subsequent debate surrounding the team’s possible entry into the integrated NCAA tournament. From the team’s February 9, 1959, victory over basketball juggernaut The University of Kentucky until MSU president Ben Hilbun’s February 28, 1959, announcement that the Maroons would decline the invitation to the NCAA tournament, journalists and editors in the Magnolia State debated the merits of MSU entry into college basketball’s postseason. Despite the progressive efforts of Jackson State Times sports editor Jimmie McDowell, most journalists supported Mississippi’s white way of life and gave little credence to the athletic and, more importantly, the social justification for integration.
Is There Anything Wrong with Five White Boys Winning the National Championship?
Authors: Peterson Jason A.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Mississippi State’s third consecutive SEC championship and the onslaught of debate from Mississippi’s press surrounding the merits of integrated competition. Like its past championship seasons, the 1961-62 Bulldogs of head coach James “Babe” McCarthy were denied entry into the NCAA tournament, but support for MSU began to grow. Reporters such as Herb Phillips of the Commercial Dispatch, Billy Ray of the Vicksburg Daily News, Dick Lightsey of the Biloxi-based Daily Herald, and sports editor Lee Baker of the Hederman-owned Clarion-Ledger argued for the Bulldogs’ place in the integrated postseason and the elimination of the unwritten law, all the while stressing their own belief in segregation. From the early stages of February 1962 through March 1962, a smattering of commentary and opinions were expressed from newspapers with the majority of reporters in the Magnolia State once again retreating to the comfortable confines of silent support for the Closed Society. However, by evidence of the growing numbers of supporters in the press, journalists in Mississippi were slowly changing and social progress in athletics was soon to appear on the state’s doorstep.
This Is the Biggest Challenge to Our Way of Life Since the Reconstruction
Authors: Peterson Jason A.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Mississippi State’s fourth straight SEC championship and the team’s first appearance in the integrated NCAA tournament. The journalistic debate surrounding the 1963 Bulldogs demonstrated discontent for the unwritten law by Mississippi’s sports scribes, which was unveiled in the pages of the press. From February 26, 1963, when the Bulldogs clinched the SEC championship through March 20, 1963, after the MSU contingent returned to Starkville from the NCAA tournament, editors and reporters in Mississippi debated the legitimacy of the unwritten law. While Jimmy Ward of the Jackson Daily News continued to champion the cause of the Closed Society, the majority of Mississippi’s sports writers supported an NCAA title opportunity for the Bulldogs. The 1962-63 debate brought forth new support for integrated athletics from Mississippi’s sports reporters and demonstrated the beginning of a slow but progressive change in Mississippi’s press that refused to blindly dismiss any notions towards integration and social equality.
I’ve Made My Last Trip to Places like Mississippi
Authors: Peterson Jason A.
Published: January 2019

This chapter takes a closer look at the decision by the State College Board to eliminate the unwritten law, the first appearance of integrated basketball in the Magnolia State with the 1966 addition of Perry Wallace at The University of Vanderbilt, and the integration of Mississippi State’s college basketball program. In the 1963 aftermath of the unwritten law, Mississippi’s newspapers returned to support the ideals and values of the Closed Society and ignored the historical and social significance of athletic integration. However, over time, the views on race in Mississippi began to change. Evidence of this transformation in Mississippi’s press was apparent during the basketball-based integration of Mississippi State. In total, the anger and debate that had saturated Mississippi’s newspapers during the era of the unwritten law was gone and in its place was a Fourth Estate that attempted to find a journalistic balance.
Chandler and the American War Writers
Authors: Trott Sarah
Published: January 2019

Chapter three considers the relationship between detective fiction and war fiction and the impact of one style upon the other to create a ‘war noir’. Taking examples from renowned World War One novels, it will demonstrate that the same disillusionment and despair prevalent in the work of the renowned Lost Generation is equally prevalent in Chandler’s novels. Reading his novels as a convergence of the war novel and crime fiction, one can reconsider Chandler’s work as a legitimate representation of society and the trauma of war.
The Philip Marlowe Novels
Authors: Trott Sarah
Published: January 2019

Chapter five reconsiders Chandler’s own war experience to show that Marlowe, like his creator, displayed symptoms of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Examining the novels for these manifestations, Marlowe’s symptoms appear to fall into the three separate symptom-related categorizations of PTSD. This chapter will also demonstrate how the game of chess becomes a metaphor for the city of Los Angeles that enables the troubled detective to locate himself within a structured and orderly environment. Marlowe reassess and reviews his own case-related actions and dealings by evaluating his movements on the chessboard.
The Long Goodbye
Authors: Trott Sarah
Published: January 2019

In addition to Marlowe, Chandler’s other veteran characters also unwittingly suffer post-traumatic symptoms, and chapter six is an exploration of the most significant of Chandler’s novels and the work that best represents his protagonist as a veteran, The Long Goodbye (1953). Examining Marlowe’s behaviour around, and attitude towards, the two veterans identified in the novel, Roger Wade and Terry Lennox, it is argued that Marlowe becomes part of a “band of brothers,” an intimate group of veterans in whose company the detective displays the undeniable evidence of his past experiences and trauma.
Aftermath: Chandler’s Legacy
Authors: Trott Sarah
Published: January 2019

The final chapter will consider how Chandler’s novels have created a lasting legacy in contemporary fiction. The Vietnam War and the revival of the “traditional” hard-boiled detective during the 1970s signalled a considerable change in the image of the detective and the crime genre in general. In the aftermath of Vietnam, renewed interest in Chandler’s novels, from writers like James Crumely, brought with it a revival of the character of the veteran detective, with contemporary writers taking Chandler and Marlowe as their models.
Competing Masculinities
Authors: Corrigan Lisa M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides a rhetorical analysis of Live From Death Row (1995), Death Blossoms (1997), and All Things Censored (2000), three of Mumia Abu-Jamal’s essay compilations since July 2, 1982, when he was convicted of the first-degree murder of Officer Danny Faulkner and sentenced to death by Judge Alberto Sabo. All three books were published from death row at SCI/Greene Correctional Facility, where Abu-Jamal remained until 2011. This chapter examines how Abu-Jamal’s use of the Black Power vernacular marshals the testimony of black intellectuals and his skills as a professional journalist to build his ethos as a Black Power leader, despite the use of the term “cop killer” to circumscribe his penetrating observations about mass incarceration. Where Rap Brown’s interventions into the Black Power vernacular often center on his aggressive rhetorical style (the bad badman), Abu-Jamal’s use of the vernacular centers much more on journalistic observation (the moral badman) as he finds new ways to express the economic and political disenfranchisement that characterize black life, especially for the imprisoned. In his texts, Abu-Jamal uses anecdotes to discuss the trajectory of police brutality and the tremendous violence and torture endured by men on death row as evidence of the on-going crisis of the prison-industrial complex. Additionally, he situates himself within a history of black leadership by turning to historical black (male) leaders to inspire new members for the work ahead.
Conclusion
Authors: Corrigan Lisa M.
Published: January 2019

This brief conclusion suggests that in refusing to die, disappear, or be silent, all of these Black Power intellectuals continue to offer a voice of reproach for mass incarceration in the U.S. and beyond, linking the history of slavery to American military occupation abroad and to a larger policy of imprisonment throughout the world. In examining the Black Power vernacular within the context of the War on Terror, scholars might consider other political contexts after 9/11 that continue to shape the relationship between black resistance and the politics of incarceration.
Consuming Rhetoric
Authors: Stokes Ashli Que Sinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: January 2019

This chapter details the concept of identity and places the book within the tradition of rhetorical scholarship. It argues that Southern food is a constitutive rhetoric, creating a people based on the shared experiences through the food, as well as the narratives surrounding the food. Using food experiences, oral histories, and readings of various alternative texts, it highlights the need to continue to move beyond “texts” to explore the rhetorical implications of “identificatory” experiences, such as food culture. By showing how our identities can be shaped through sensory experiences (taste, touch, smell, sight, and sound) and memory during Southern food experiences, we continue to develop the line of constitutive scholarship that explicates how our identities constitute our practices. Southern food, then, influences how we view ourselves and can therefore influence our practices, which is to say how we perform our Southern influenced identities.
A Troubled Region and its Possible Culinary Fix
Authors: Stokes Ashli Que Sinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: January 2019

Chapter two surveys the rhetorical problem that the South faces, a complicated history marred by racial violence, segregation and discrimination, and economic inequality. Whether you are an African American Southerner with a family history haunted by racism and violence, a white Southerner with a family history of discriminating or tolerating discrimination, or a Mexican immigrant facing negative social outcry, feeling pride in the region can be troubling. Despite conflicting identities, Southerners continue to define themselves in relation to the region, and the reality-based and stereotypical images of the Southerner are part of the identity that Southerners must encounter. The Southern food movement serves a constitutive function by helping to craft a Southern identity based on diverse, humble, and hospitable roots that confronts a divided image of the South. This rhetorically constitutive work provides an opportunity for strengthening relations within the South, as well as helping repair the negative Southern image.
Sipping on Southern Hospitality
Authors: Stokes Ashli Que Sinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: January 2019

Chapter three introduces the idea of hospitality in the South through an exploration of drinks. Although the idea of Southern hospitality is emphasized in stereotypes of the region, there is also some basis in truth. The offering of food and drink is a traditional symbolic gesture of Southern hospitality and serves as a rhetorical opening for creating connections. In a region marked by division, however, race, class, and even religious differences have historically complicated Southern hospitality, inviting some in while keeping others out. The hospitality that is symbolic of the region was (and still is) limited to certain recipients. Events and homes remained segregated and hospitality might only be extended to those who shared characteristics with the host. Religion also plays an important role in defining part of the contradictions in Southern hospitality. Thus, the limitations of this part of Southern identity are explored in the chapter.
Turf Tussle
Authors: Stokes Ashli Que Sinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: January 2019

Chapter four examines how barbecue is a Southern cultural institution that sends rhetorical messages about Southern history, gender, race, class, ritual, and fellowship. Barbecue is a type of cultural synecdoche that continues to bring different types of people together, telling stories that simultaneously shape and express contemporary Southern identity. If Southern food helps shape identity, barbecue provides a perfect example of this process because its rhetoric and ritual incites profound identification with regional styles. Tussling about which barbecue is best engages identity forming behavior that serves a rhetorical purpose in gradually knitting groups of people together over their shared love of a particular food tradition. Barbecue conveys identificatory messages of authenticity, masculinity, and rurality, stretching casuistically to still be descriptive of the South’s character. The chapter explores how (and whether) perceptions of traditional Southern foods like barbecue stretch to broaden and deepen the narrative about Southern food.
Authenticating Southernism
Authors: Stokes Ashli Que Sinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: January 2019

Chapter five turns to the side dishes on the Southern food table, exploring the connection between the food and the region. Cornbread, grits, and greens are Southern food staples. Whether Southerners eat these foods out of economic constraints or preference, the seasonal and region-bound foods send a message. Their selection is a rhetorical deference to Southern roots based in humble, fresh, seasonal ingredients. The creation of these dishes is an important tie to family roots, with families or even entire communities claiming to have the most authentic take on the food. The chapter delves into the authenticity thread that is apparent in discussions of Southern food and explains the symbolism bound up in food through this concept. Authenticity is one way that we strive to maintain cultural order and show our allegiances to that order. Based on this desire for order and authenticity, this rhetorical work helps define the region.
Redefining the South through Food
Authors: Stokes Ashli Que Sinberry , Atkins-Sayre Wendy
Published: January 2019

Chapter seven provides a reflection on what it means to be constituted in a particular food tradition. Food it is a central part of identity that has not been fully accounted for in communication scholarship. Southern food never has been one thing; in fact, the food works more effectively rhetorically when defined more broadly, pushing against the borders of foods and bringing more people into the conversation. Although there is potential for using Southern food as one of the tools to redefine the South, we must acknowledge there are many wrongs that must be dealt with, not only through studying culture and its history, but also through economic policy, political change, improvements in education, and infrastructure work. The rhetorical potential of Southern food is but one small part of the story of our shared past and future, but it is an important part and it is a story worth telling.
Suzanne Lenglen
Authors: Spencer Nancy E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the athletic career of French tennis star, Suzanne Lenglen, who participated during the Golden Age of sports in the 1920s. Lenglen was one of the first female athletes to achieve worldwide recognition and acclaim for her tennis success, as well as her influence on the sport, including her fashion. Lenglen’s appeal extended beyond the tennis courts, and part of her lasting image rests on her ability to both challenge and reinforce ideas around femininity in sport during the 1920s.
Valentino Rossi
Authors: Bell Sean
Published: January 2019

Italy’s Valentino Rossi is the most popular motorcycle racer of his day. This chapter examines Rossi’s dominance in motorsport, while also providing the reader with a broad understanding of motorsport, as well as the risk involved in motorsport. Rossi has served as an international ambassador for his sport, helping to popularize motorcycle racing around the globe.
Andy Murray
Authors: Alexander Lisa Doris , Travis Dan
Published: January 2019

British tennis star and Wimbledon champion Andy Murray is the focus of this chapter. Born and raised in Scotland, Murray’s national identity as a British athlete is explored amid the tensions between Scottish identity within the British Empire. Murray’s slow rise to the top of tennis is examined within the pressures of the British sporting public, as well as the challenges of breaking into the sport’s toptier, dominated by Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, and Roger Federer.
Duke Kahanamoku
Authors: Franks Joel S.
Published: January 2019

Duke Kahanamoku’s success in swimming and surfing in the early twentieth century made him one of the world’s most famous Hawaiians and aquatic stars. This chapter examines Kahanamoku’s Hawaiian identity and American citizenship as they were discussed and understood during his competitive career. His recent celebration as the subject of a postage stamp and statue indicates the ways Kahanamoku’s reputation has shifted over time.
From Out of the Shadows of Invisibility
Authors: Kessler Cláudia Samuel , Goellner Silvana Vilodre
Published: January 2019

Marta, one of the few football (soccer) stars to be known by only her first name was raised in abject poverty in the football crazy Brazil, also home to male star Pele. Her inclusion on a boys’ team led to her joining the women’s national team and ultimately leaving Brazil to play in Sweden and the United States. Marta’s scoring and dominance in the women’s game have made her a worldwide star in sport, though often to greater gains outside of her home country where she continues to play under Pele’s enormous shadow.
The Many Faces of Samuel Eto’o Fils
Authors: Bongang Benn L.
Published: January 2019

Samuel Eto’o has been called a football prodigy, achieving recognition for his football acumen as a teenager. First playing in Spain and later through Europe, including a stint in Russia, Eto’o’s position on the Cameroonian national team, the Indomitable Lions, contributed to his perception by football fans and media. His often challenging personality has also kept him in the discussion of world football, even late in his career.
Murali and Sanga
Authors: Perera Gamage Harsha , Swartz Tim B.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines two cricket stars from the small island nation of Sri Lanka: bowler Muttiah Muralitharan, aka Murali, who led his team to a World Cup title in 1993, and batsman Kumar Sangakkara (aka Sanga). National icons of rivalrous ethnic cultures, the Tamil and the Sinhalese, during a bloody period of civil war, they came to embody cricket-mad Sri Lanka.
Katarina Witt
Authors: Hofmann Annette R.
Published: January 2019

German figure skater and Olympic darling Katarina Witt is the focus of this chapter. Witt was trained at an early age as a figure skater in the then East German sporting program. As a successful athlete, Witt was afforded a lifestyle significantly better than the average East German citizen and was able to travel and enjoy Western culture in ways her fellow East Germans could not. However, her sport stardom also left her under the control of the East German government and a target of the Stasi. After the fall of the Berlin War, Witt was able to successfully travel and compete around the world, gaining greater recognition around the world, and representing a new united Germany.
Afterword: The Wide Worlds of Sport Text
Authors: Lule Jack
Published: January 2019

Often in academic life, we encourage our students to develop what we now call a global perspective. We perhaps assume that there is value in situating ourselves and our students—intellectually, perhaps even physically—outside of national and cultural boundaries. Indeed, at my university in the United States, I am part of a faculty group that created a new interdisciplinary major we call Global Studies. We require interdisciplinary coursework on the study of globalization. We require language study. We require study abroad. We do all this with the hope that our students attain in the classroom, in careers, and in daily life a global perspective. But this is not just an American educational phenomenon. Around the world, millions of students leave their nations and families for an opportunity at global study....
Salvific Animality, or Another Look at Faulkner’s South
Authors: Dayan Colin
Published: January 2019

Nietzsche claimed that “The animal lives unhistorically.” This chapter takes issue with this view and the oppositions on which it rests: between the human and the animal, history and the unhistorical. Against Norman Podhoretz, who complained in the 1950s that “a genuine sense of history” is absent from Faulkner's works, it is argued that “the most astonishing pages in The Hamlet suggest a history beyond the reach of customary written history.” Faulkner accesses this alternate historicity through style and subject matter, foregrounding sentience, sensation, and rural creatures and landscapes that in their strangeness and seething vitality “betoken the surfacing of suppressed histories that might or might not be told” by, to, or about the inhabitants of Frenchman's Bend, caught as they are in the turbulence of post-Reconstruction social and economic history.
“Moving Sitting Still”: The Economics of Time in Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!
Authors: Burke Jordan
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the way in which the temporal blockages and aporias commonly identified in Absalom, Absalom! are symptoms of the fluctuating and troubled relationship between time and labor in the American South during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through Thomas Sutpen and his descendants, Faulkner builds a web connecting time, narrative practice, and historical process which reflects both the changing socioeconomic milieu of the US South and the evolving narrative strategies employed by the plantocracy to reverse and refuse change. Sutpen serves as the primary figure for a hybridized and internally contradictory economy transitioning from agrarian “autonomy” to capitalist dependence and, concurrently, from a paternalist atemporality to the work rhythms more commonly associated with the industrial North. He is the Janus-faced symbol of the late-antebellum South, the admixture of the slave-owning aristocrat and the Cotton Kingdom protocapitalist.
“A Promissory Note with a Trick Clause”: Legend, History, and Lynch Law in Requiem for a Nun
Authors: McCann Sean
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the conflicting versions of Jacksonian-era Mississippi history in the origin narrative Faulkner creates for Jefferson in the narrative prologues of his 1951 novel. In his account of the civic crisis that leads to the town's incorporation, Faulkner deviates from his primary historical source, Robert M. Coates's 1930 study, The Outlaw Years, to develop a “prominent legend about a transition from anarchic innocence to the burdens of civilization.” The prologues' “competing historiographic visions” anticipate the “rival visions of Mississippi's social order” at work in the main plot, where Gavin Stevens espouses an ethos of “civic obligation” and “paternalist racial hierarchy” that recalls his community's founding fathers, while Temple's ties to the criminal underworld evoke “the corrosive freedoms of the commercial marketplace”.
Monuments, Memory, and Faulkner’s Nathan Bedford Forrest
Authors: Leiter Andrew B.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Faulkner's engagement with the legacy of a controversial historical figure, Nathan Bedford Forrest. It suggests that Forrest's presence permeates Faulkner's work more thoroughly than that of any other historical figure of the Civil War; the result, perhaps, of Falkner family legends that linked Forrest with “the Old Colonel,” W. C. Falkner, in wartime north Mississippi. Forrest figures most explicitly in the Faulkner oeuvre in the 1943 story “My Grandmother Millard and General Bedford Forrest and the Battle of Harrykin Creek,” where he makes a cameo appearance to help the Sartoris family sort out a romantic complication.
“Who Are You?”: Modernism, Childhood, and Historical Consciousness in Faulkner’s The Wishing Tree
Authors: Godwin Hannah
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers an “uneasy yet potentially fruitful confluence” between modernist writing and children's literature in the only Faulkner tale penned specifically for children. Drawing on “the Romantic reverence for the child as transcendent and inspirational,” a reverence qualified to some degree by twentieth-century psychoanalysis and its suspicion of childhood innocence, modernist artists portrayed the child as “a vessel of consciousness” and “instinctual, intense perceptions,” and thus a source of “defamiliarizing perspectives” that fostered artistic experimentation. In The Wishing Tree, writing for young readers may have helped Faulkner awaken his creative potential. The Wishing Tree's rich mix of fantasy and history “works to imbue the child reader with a sense of historical consciousness” while recognizing her as the bearer “of a more hopeful future”.
Reading Faulkner’s Readers: Reputation and the Postwar Reading Revolution
Authors: Creadick Anna
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the reception history of Faulkner's work, focusing on what his encounters with midcentury readerships reveal about how they approached his work and indeed literature more generally. It utilizes recently digitized sound recordings of Faulkner's interview sessions at the University of Virginia in 1957 and 1958 as “a previously neglected archive of reader response” that documents how everyday readers experienced Faulkner as author and oeuvre. Highlighting their questions rather than Faulkner's answers, the chapter explores four distinct lines of response. Readers “engaged with cultural hierarchies,” often challenging the boundaries between highbrow and lowbrow literary forms; they “enacted formalist reading strategies,” marshaling their close-reading skills to pose questions about symbolism, irony, point of view, and style; they “interrogated the function of literature,” querying Faulkner about reading protocols and literary value; and they exhibited a preoccupation with “matters of rank and reputation,” inviting Faulkner to join them in constructing an American literary canon.
“Saturated” with the Past: William Faulkner, C. Vann Woodward, and the “Burden” of Southern History
Authors: Cobb James C.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores how “two of the South's ablest interpreters, William Faulker and C. Vann Woodward, may have complemented, supplemented, or contradicted each other as they examined a common time and place ” Both struggled, for instance, to give African American figures the same historical weight and agency attributed to whites, and both at times cast a sympathetic eye on the antebellum planter class. Moreover, Woodward drew directly on Faulkner in developing his account of what he called the “burden of southern history”: a historical experience and consciousness among southerners that he nominated as an alternative to white supremacy as the basis of a distinctive regional identity and the central theme of a distinctive regional history.
Civil Rights, Free Speech, and Group Libel
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the contrasting efforts of organizations representing two marginalized groups, blacks and Jews, to counter defamation. In the end, civil rights advocates from both groups came to the conclusion, on a mixture of principled and pragmatic grounds, that it was wiser not to push for adoption of laws against “group libel,” such as those that characterize post-Holocaust Europe and Canada. Yet both groups were forced to wrestle with how to organize and justify protest campaigns against bigoted media representations, including threats of economic reprisals, while refuting charges of censorship. The chapter shows that the absolute embrace of free speech in the United States after World War II was far from inevitable.
The Paradox of Reparations
Authors: Robinson Greg
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers a more complex and multiracial view of history by revisiting the narrative of the Japanese American redress movement and discovers a paradox at its core: while the campaign by Japanese Americans for reparations for their wartime confinement started at the end of the 1960s as part of a wider antiracist coalition, and received key support in its early stages from African American political leaders, Japanese Americans increasingly distanced themselves from their black allies as the goal of redress grew nearer, even as African Americans became increasingly public in their opposition. The chapter also shows how the victory of the redress movement in 1988 offered a major precedent, and a model, for reparations efforts by blacks.