bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Method for Space-Based Target Detection System Based on Background-Oriented Schlieren
Authors: Li Kang , Zhou Feng , Su Yun , Ren Weihe , Zhang Yue , Deng Jiaquan , Shan Ruiyan
Published: April 2024

Currently, the visual detection of a target’s shock flow field through background schlieren technology is a novel detection system. However, there are very few studies on the long-distance background schlieren imaging mechanism and its application in system design in the field of target detection. This paper proposes a design optimization method for space-based BOS detection system metrics. By establishing sensitivity evaluation models and image signal-to-noise ratio evaluation models for BOS detection systems, the influence of the different flight parameters and key parameters of BOS systems (detection spectral bands and spatial resolution) on target detection efficiency is explored. Furthermore, an optimization method based on the image signal-to-noise ratio of the BOS system and the overall metrics for specific scenarios are provided. The simulation results demonstrate that under satellite background images and speckle background images, the system metrics can detect and identify the schlieren of high-speed targets, with better applicability to disordered and complex real background images. This research contributes to advancing the development of high-speed target detection technology based on BOS.
A Laboratory-Scale Evaluation of Smart Pebble Sensors Embedded in Geomaterials
Authors: Husain Syed Faizan , Abbas Mohammad Shoaib , Wang Han , Qamhia Issam I. A. , Tutumluer Erol , Wallace John , Hammond Matthew
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach to measure deformations in geomaterials using the recently developed ‘Smart Pebble’ sensors. Smart Pebbles were included in triaxial test specimens of unbound aggregates stabilized with geogrids. The sensors are equipped with an aggregate particle/position tracking algorithm that can manage uncertainty arising due to signal noise and random walk effects. Two Smart Pebbles were placed in each test specimen, one at specimen’s mid-height, where a geogrid was installed in the mechanically stabilized specimen, and one towards the top of the specimen. Even with simple raw data processing, the trends on linear vertical acceleration indicated the ability of Smart Pebbles to assess the geomaterial configuration and applied stress states. Employing a Kalman filter-based algorithm, the Smart Pebble position coordinates were tracked during testing. The specimen’s resilient deformations were simultaneously recorded. bender element shear wave transducer pairs were also installed on the specimens to further validate the Smart Pebble small-strain responses. The results indicate a close agreement between the BE sensors and Smart Pebbles estimates towards local stiffness enhancement quantification in the geogrid specimen. The study findings confirm the viability of using the Smart Pebbles in describing the resilient behavior of an aggregate material under repeated loading.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Poverty Reduction among Irrigating Farmers in Mberengwa District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mupaso Norman , Makombe Godswill , Mugandani Raymond , Mafongoya Paramu L.
Published: April 2024

Sustainable Development Goal 1 aims to end extreme poverty everywhere by the year 2030. Smallholder irrigation development is arguably a vital strategy to reduce rural poverty. The authors assessed the socioeconomic determinants of poverty reduction in Mberengwa district, Zimbabwe. Data were collected from 444 randomly selected households. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and Microsoft Excel 2019 software packages. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index and binary logistic regression model tests were performed. The chi-square test results show an association between access to irrigation and farmer’s level of education (p < 0.01). The t-test results show significant differences between irrigators and non-irrigators for household size (p < 0.01), household labor (p < 0.05), and rainfed plot size (p < 0.05). FGT indices show that the poverty incidence, depth, and severity were lesser for irrigators than non-irrigators. The binary logistic regression model results show that age, household size, access to irrigation and household income significantly influence household poverty status. In conclusion, access to irrigation reduces poverty in rural areas. However, access to irrigation is not a panacea for poverty reduction in rural areas. Smallholder irrigation development policies should consider socioeconomic determinants of poverty reduction to properly target and tailor interventions, and increase the relevance and effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts.
Prediction of Losses Due to Dust in PV Using Hybrid LSTM-KNN Algorithm: The Case of Saruhanlı
Authors: Tanyıldızı Ağır Tuba
Published: April 2024

Sustainable and renewable energy sources are of great importance in today’s world. In this respect, renewable energy sources are used in many fields of technology. In order to minimize dust on PV panels and ensure their sustainability, power losses due to dust must be estimated accurately. In this way, the efficiency of a sustainable energy source will increase and serious economic savings can be achieved. In this study, a hybrid deep learning model was designed to predict losses caused by dust in PV panels installed in the Manisa Saruhanlı district. The hybrid deep learning model consists of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and K-Nearest-Neighbors (KNN) algorithms. The performance of the proposed hybrid deep learning model was compared with LSTM and KNN algorithms. Sensitivity analysis was performed to statistically evaluate the prediction results. The input variables of the models were time, sunshine duration, humidity, ambient temperature and solar radiation. The output variable was the losses caused by dust in the PV panels. Hybrid LSTM-KNN, LSTM and KNN models predicted losses caused by dust in PV panels with 98.22%, 95.51% and 61.49% accuracy. The hybrid LSTM-KNN model predicted losses caused by dust in PV panels with higher accuracy than other models. Using LSTM and KNN algorithms together improved the performance of the hybrid deep learning model. With sensitivity analysis, it was found that solar radiation is the most important variable affecting the losses caused by dust in PV panels.
Advancing One Health in Urban Seafood Markets: A Genetic and Social Analysis of Dried Sea Cucumber in Three New York City Chinatowns
Authors: Rodenbiker Jesse , Therkildsen Nina Overgaard , Ruan Erica , Su Kelly
Published: April 2024

This study employs a multidisciplinary methodology across natural and social sciences to examine relationships between biodiversity loss at sea and urban consumption with a focus on sea cucumber and dried seafood markets in New York City (NYC). The study identified 34 dried seafood retailers across three NYC Chinatown boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. Samples of sea cucumber were collected with Chinese-language labels indicating the commodity was from South America, a region of conservation concern. Comparison samples were taken from sea cucumbers labeled from Mexico and Japan. A mitochondrial DNA barcoding method was used to examine the taxonomic origin of 103 samples. Sequence data were successfully obtained from 74 of the samples, 8 of which were classified as brown sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus), an endangered species for which harvest is banned in several locations. Semi-structured interviews with dried seafood retailers and consumers (n = 64), moreover, revealed associations between consuming sea cucumber and enhancing human health and limited knowledge of product origins. Collectively, the findings reveal socio-ecological dynamics wherein endangered species on the market coupled with geographic market labeling practices and varying degrees of retailer and consumer knowledge negatively bear on marine biodiversity. Furthermore, given that brown sea cucumbers are abundant on the market, there is a need for developing genetic markers that can trace geographic origin to determine if species were legally harvested. These results indicate that more robust market labeling, training, genetic research, and public outreach are required to advance One Health in urban seafood markets.
The Influence of Cropping Systems and Tillage Intensity on Soil CO2 Exchange Rate
Authors: Buivydienė Agnė , Deveikytė Irena , Veršulienė Agnė , Feiza Virginijus
Published: April 2024

In order to control the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, it is necessary to select the appropriate crop rotation and tillage intensity depending on the soil type and climatic conditions. However, their implementation in agricultural management methods has been insufficient until now. The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes and dependences in soil net CO2 exchange rate (NCER) and main physico-chemical parameters under different tillage (conventional (CT) and no tillage (NT)) and crop rotation systems. Cropping systems significantly affected the amount of nutrients, but did not affect pH and organic carbon; otherwise, tillage vs. cropping systems had no significant effects on the soil chemical parameters analyzed. The data revealed that in NT treatments, the NCER was 28% higher than in CT. Different crop rotations also revealed a significant effect on NCER from the soil. Carbon dioxide fluxes increased in cropping systems where a higher share of catch crops were included. In NT systems, a comparatively higher soil moisture content was registered. In addition, the rotations with catch crops produced a higher (by 1–3%) soil moisture content. The temperature of the soil surface was not significantly affected by tillage or cropping systems; nevertheless, a trend towards higher soil surface temperatures in CT was determined, which might be affected by enhanced air circulation in the pores. Soil NCER increase correlated negatively with higher soil surface moisture content, while its relationship was positive with soil surface temperature increase. In general, soil surface temperature and moisture were the most significant factors in explaining the fluctuation in NCER from Cambisols in Lithuania under moderate climatic conditions.
A Two-Stage Robust Pricing Strategy for Electric Vehicle Aggregators Considering Dual Uncertainty in Electricity Demand and Real-Time Electricity Prices
Authors: Wang Yubo , Sun Weiqing
Published: April 2024

To enable the regulation and utilization of electric vehicle (EV) load resources by the power grid in the electricity market environment, a third-party electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) must be introduced. The strategy of EVA participation in the electricity market must be studied. During operation, the EVA faces a double uncertainty in the market, namely, electricity demand and electricity price, and must optimize its market behavior to protect its own interests. To achieve this goal, we propose a robust pricing strategy for the EVA that takes into account the coordination of two-stage market behavior to enhance operational efficiency and risk resistance. A two-stage robust pricing strategy that takes into account uncertainty was established by first considering day-ahead pricing, day-ahead electricity purchases, real-time electricity management, and EV customer demand response for the EVA, and further considering the uncertainty in electricity demand and electricity prices. The two-stage robust pricing model was transformed into a two-stage mixed integer programming by linearization method and solved iteratively by the columns and constraints generation (CCG) algorithm. Simulation verification was carried out, and the results show that the proposed strategy fully considers the influence of price uncertainty factors, effectively avoids market risks, and improves the adaptability and economy of the EVA’s business strategy.
The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Vaccination Coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Castro-Aguirre Ignacio E. , Alvarez Dan , Contreras Marcela , Trumbo Silas P. , Mujica Oscar J. , Salas Peraza Daniel , Velandia-González Martha
Published: April 2024

Background: Routine vaccination coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean declined prior to and during the coronavirus pandemic. We assessed the pandemic’s impact on national coverage levels and analyzed whether financial and inequality indicators, immunization policies, and pandemic policies were associated with changes in national and regional coverage levels. Methodology: We compared first- and third-dose coverage of diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus-containing vaccine (DTPcv) with predicted coverages using time series forecast modeling for 39 LAC countries and territories. Data were from the PAHO/WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form. A secondary analysis of factors hypothesized to affect coverages during the pandemic was also performed. Results: In total, 31 of 39 countries and territories (79%) had greater-than-predicted declines in DTPcv1 and DTPcv3 coverage during the pandemic, with 9 and 12 of these, respectively, falling outside the 95% confidence interval. Within-country income inequality (i.e., Gini coefficient) was associated with significant declines in DTPcv1 coverage, and cross-country income inequality was associated with declines in DTPcv1 and DTPcv3 coverages. Observed absolute and relative inequality gaps in DTPcv1 and DTPcv3 coverage between extreme country quintiles of income inequality (i.e., Q1 vs. Q5) were accentuated in 2021, as compared with the 2019 observed and 2021 predicted values. We also observed a trend between school closures and greater-than-predicted declines in DTPcv3 coverage that approached statistical significance (p = 0.06). Conclusion: The pandemic exposed vaccination inequities in LAC and significantly impacted coverage levels in many countries. New strategies are needed to reattain high coverage levels.
Water-Level Prediction Analysis for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on a Hybrid Model of LSTM and Its Variants
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhang Lili , Zhang Yaowen , Yao Yunsheng , Wang Renlong , Dai Yiming
Published: April 2024

The Three Gorges Hydropower Station, the largest in the world, plays a pivotal role in hydroelectric power generation, flood control, navigation, and ecological conservation. The water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir has a direct impact on these aspects. Accurate prediction of the reservoir’s water level, especially in the dam area, is of utmost importance for downstream regions’ safety and economic development. This study investigates the application and performance of four distinct deep-learning models in predicting water levels. The models evaluated include the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN–LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network–Attention–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN–Attention–LSTM). The performance of these models was assessed using several metrics, namely the Coefficient of Determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The findings indicate that the CNN–Attention–LSTM model outperforms the others in all metrics, achieving an R2 value of 0.9940, MAE of 0.5296, RMSE of 0.6748, and MAPE of 0.0032. Moreover, the CNN–LSTM model exhibited exceptional predictive accuracy for lower water levels. These results underscore the potential of deep-learning models in water-level forecasting, particularly highlighting the efficacy of attention mechanisms in enhancing predictive accuracy. Precise water-level predictions are instrumental in optimizing hydropower generation and providing a scientific basis for effective flood control and water resource management.
The Influence of Arctic Conditions on the Formation of Algae and Cyanobacteria Diversity and on the Water Quality of Freshwater Habitats on Kotelny Island, Lena Delta Wildlife Reserve, Yakutia
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Gabyshev Viktor
Published: April 2024

The significant interest in the islands in the Russian Arctic has been in terms of available oil reserves, which determine the direction of economic development and associated environmental risks for this sector of the Arctic in the near future. Kotelny Island is the largest island of the New Siberian Islands Archipelago included in the protected zone of the Lena Delta Nature Reserve, which is located at 76° N, washed from the west by the Laptev Sea, washed from the east by the East Siberian Sea in a permafrost zone, and characterized by harsh climatic conditions defined by the northeast winds that prevail in vegetative season. January sees temperatures ranging from −32 to −35 °C, and July from +6 to +8 °C, which causes a short growing season. Samples were taken between August 3 and 8, 2018 in 12 freshwater bodies where 210 taxa were revealed. Aquatic communities were dominated by zygnematophycean and diatom algae, grouped in the basins of two rivers and associated with the position on the island’s landscape, which suggests the influence of cold north-east winds, leading to the avoidance of habitats in open and high places, which was revealed by statistical methods and also confirms the high individuality of taxa composition. Bioindication methods showed that water bodies are slightly alkaline, with low ion concentrations, with the presence of sulfides in low-lying habitats, and average saturation with organic matter. The mesotrophic status of the studied water bodies was evaluated through an assessment and the type of nutrition in the communities of algae and cyanobacteria indicates they formed there as true autotrophs, which corresponds to the status of a protected area and can serve as a reference level for monitoring anthropogenic impact.
Patients' views on primary care multidisciplinary teams in Scotland: a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Sweeney Kieran D , Donaghy Eddie , Henderson David , Wang Harry HX , Thompson Andrew , Guthrie Bruce , Mercer Stewart W
Published: April 2024

Background

Expanding primary care multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) was a key component of the 2018 Scottish GP contract, with more than 4700 MDT staff appointed since then.

Aim

To explore patients’ views on primary care MDT expansion in Scotland.

Design & setting

A mixed-methods evaluation, which included a postal survey and semi-structured telephone interviews with patients in Scotland.

Method

A survey was undertaken of patients who had recently consulted a GP in deprived urban, affluent urban, and remote and rural areas, assessing awareness of five MDT roles and attitudes towards receptionist signposting. In addition, 30 individual interviews were conducted, exploring patients' MDT-care experiences.

Results

Of 1053 survey responders, most were unaware of the option of MDT rather than GP consultations for three out of five roles (69% unaware of link worker appointments; 69% mental health nurse; and 58% pharmacist). Reception signposting was less popular in deprived urban areas (34% unhappy versus 29% in remote and rural versus 21% affluent urban;
P
<0.001), and in patients with multimorbidity (31% unhappy versus 24% in non-multimorbid;
P
<0.05). Just over two-thirds of interviewees had multimorbidity and almost all reported positive MDT-care experiences. However, MDT care was generally seen as a supplement rather than a substitute for GP care. Around half of patients expressed concerns about reception signposting. These patients were more likely to also express concerns about GP access in general. Both of these concerns were more common in deprived urban areas than in remote and rural or affluent urban areas.

Conclusion

MDT care has expanded in Scotland with limited patient awareness. Although patients understand its potential value, many are unhappy with reception signposting to first-contact MDT care, especially those in deprived urban areas living with multimorbidity. This represents a barrier to the aims of the new GP contract.
Disponibilidad a pagar por la sostenibilidad del servicio de agua potable en el Centro Poblado Chucaripo, Perú
Authors: Huacani Sucasaca Yudy , Béjar Parra Bertha , Mamani Jesús , Machaca Condori Imer Jaime
Published: April 2024

El propósito del estudio fue cuantificar la disponibilidad a pagar por la sostenibilidad del servicio de agua potable en el Centro Poblado Chucaripo del Distrito de Samán al sur de Perú. El planteamiento de la metodología comenzó con la identificación del enfoque cuantitativo, seguido por el diseño no experimental, así como la aplicación del método deductivo y analítico, donde el tamaño de muestra fue de 79 habitantes del poblado de Chucaripo, con el modelo de regresión dicotómico. Los resultados del modelo al 5% de significancia demostraron que existe voluntad de pago promedio de S/ 2.19 soles por la sostenibilidad del servicio de agua potable; el factor económico representado por el ingreso explica la existencia de disposición de pago por la sostenibilidad del servicio de agua potable y los factores sociales como la edad, el tamaño de hogar, el grado de educación, el género, la vigilancia del agua potable, la percepción de mejora de la calidad del agua y la importancia del agua también explican la significancia sobre la disposición de pago. Se concluye, fortalecer las políticas públicas orientadas para mayor inversión pública en proyectos de agua potable para mejorar el nivel de vida de los habitantes.
Solipsism: Understanding Japanese Culture Through the Novel "Namaku Hiroko" by N.H. DINI (A Critical Students Discussion Perspective)
Authors: Sulastri Tetet , Hakim Lukman
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to reveal the concept of solipsism in understanding Japanese culture in the novel Namaku Hiroko by N.H. Dini. This research raises three main problems, namely; Japanese culture, the author's perspective, and the manifestation of solipsism in literary works. The aim of this research was formulated to find out; 1) the author's perspective on solipsism in Japanese culture, and 2) the form of solipsism itself in literary works. Of course the literary work referred to here is the novel Namaku Hiroko by N.H. Dini. The theory of solipsism is used to understand the experience of the novel writer Namaku Hiroko in understanding culture, including the concepts and perspectives of Japanese culture as depicted in the work of N.H. Dini. Qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach are used in this research to describe everything related to Japanese culture based on a critical student discussion. This study found that the principle of solipsism exists in Japanese culture as outlined by NH. Dini in Namaku Hiroko.
De l’outil au symbole : sur une lame de silex retouchée en bateau provenant de Gebelein (Haute Égypte, Nagada IIC-D, Lyon, musée des Confluences : Inv. T. 1224)
Authors: Angevin Raphaël , Vanhulle Dorian , Hendrickx Stan , Madrigal Karine
Published: April 2024

The stocktaking work on the Egyptian lithic collections of the Lyon’s Natural History Museum-Musée Guimet (France), now located in the Confluences Museum collections, allowed one of the authors (Raphaël Angevin) in 2016 to identify an atypical Predynastic flint object. The shape of a segment of the large truncated twisted blade (“Mostagedda knife”), labelled T.1224, evokes the hull of a boat. This article aims provides a detailed technological examination of the artefact through a comparative analysis, addresses its chronological and cultural attributions, and its interpretation.
Scorpion II : A new theory
Authors: Heagy Thomas C.
Published: April 2024

The identification of Scorpion II as a royal name is based primarily on the Scorpion Macehead. This monument, undoubtedly of royal origin, is one of the most controversial and widely discussed objects from the late Predynastic period in Egypt. It has been attributed to “King Scorpion” based on the presence of a rosette and a scorpion depicted immediately in front of the face of the king. Alternatively, it has been ascribed to Narmer because of the stylistic resemblance with that king’s monuments. This paper will demonstrate that King Scorpion II did, in fact, exist. The minor Gebel Sheikh Suleiman rock carving and the Munich Statuette will also be considered as possible examples of Scorpion II’s name and, therefore, evidence of his historical existence. The magnificence of this macehead and the fact that it was deposited in the temple of Horus of Nekhen (Hierakonpolis), near where Narmer’s Palette and Macehead were found, argue for Scorpion II having been king of a unified Egypt. However, the absence of his burial at Abydos and of any definite attestations of his name outside Hierakonpolis suggest that Scorpion II did not belong to the Abydene line of rulers, but instead ruled the proto-state of Hierakonpolis. Yet for many Egyptologists, the Scorpion Macehead shows a Lower Egyptian scene, which is cited as evidence that Scorpion II’s rule extended beyond Hierakonpolis. After reviewing the seemingly conflicting evidence regarding his regnal date and the extent of the territory he controlled, it will be proposed that Scorpion II was the last of his line as King of Hierakonpolis, but acted as a client king to the Abydene polity. After an initial period during which Abydos and Hierakonpolis were allies, the relationship evolved into one of political dominance by Abydos, with a client king left to rule in Hierakonpolis.
Bringing the desert to the Nile: Some thoughts on a Predynastic terracotta model
Authors: Maydana Sebastián Francisco
Published: April 2024

This article draws attention to an artefact in the Royal Ontario Museum in Canada, that has thus far received little attention despite having been in their archive for nearly a century. The object (ROM 900.2.45) is a heavily reconstructed ter-racotta rectangular-based model with openings to one side and on top. Painted and incised figures decorate the sides of the object. This paper presents a fresh approach regarding this particular artefact by addressing three issues that are intended to provide an insight into the symbolism of desert and Nile hunting. Firstly, I discuss its identification as a “house”, proposing instead that it may well resemble a Predynastic boat cabin. Secondly, I discuss the iconographic interpre-tation, showing that the scene painted in its “narrow end A” is not a depiction of goats feeding their young, but rather a hunting scene. While this claim has been suggested by other Egyptologists as well, it is still possible to bring some new ideas to the discussion. Finally, I compare these findings with the available evidence and research conducted in the last few years to test this approach and propose an alternative interpretation to both the terracotta model and its painted scenes. This object can provide more information about a much-discussed topic : the apparent contradiction between desert hunting and river navigation.
The emergence of mudbrick architecture in Egypt in the 4th millennium BCE. Reflection based on recent discoveries at Tell el-Iswid (Eastern Delta)
Authors: Buchez Nathalie , Gerez Julie , Guérin Samuel , Minotti Mathilde
Published: April 2024

Antérieurement à la seconde moitié du IV e millénaire avant notre ère, une architecture légère prédomine en Égypte. De récentes découvertes dont celles issues des recherches des auteurs sur le site de Tell el-Iswid, dans le Delta oriental, viennent étoffer de façon substantielle le dossier de la genèse de l’architecture de brique crue égyptienne et, pour certaines, remettre en question ou moduler l’hypothèse première d’un processus de diffusion à partir des régions proche-orientales où plusieurs foyers concentrent les plus vieux exemples de l’utilisation de la brique crue. Un tour d’horizon de l’ensemble de la documentation sur le sujet conduit à une réflexion sur les conditions et modalités d’émergence de l’architecture de brique crue en Egypte.
Promouvoir nos instruments de recherche sur le web
Authors: Homer Isabelle
Published: April 2024

Depuis près de deux ans et demi, les membres du bureau de la section des archivistes départementaux de l’AAF se sont attelés à un travail inédit sur la mise en ligne des instruments de recherche sur les sites Internet des Archives départementales. Une étude approfondie de ces derniers a montré une grande variété dans les fonctionnalités de recherche, l’affichage des résultats, le vocabulaire utilisé, et les aides en ligne, en partie due à la volonté des archivistes de s’adapter au mieux aux différents types d’internautes. Paradoxalement, lors d’ateliers utilisateurs organisés dans douze services volontaires, les participants ont rencontré des difficultés liées à l’hétérogénéité des sites, des menus de navigation, à l’utilisation fréquente de termes professionnels. En 2020, les Rencontres annuelles de la section des archivistes départementaux de l’AAF ont été l’occasion de partager les résultats de cette enquête. Un guide des bonnes pratiques pour la réalisation d’un site Internet est également en cours d’élaboration. Il prendra la forme de fiches thématiques. Des groupes de travail, en partenariat avec le Service interministériel des Archives de France, se sont ainsi réunis au cours de l’année pour élaborer notamment une fiche sur l’harmonisation du vocabulaire.
Dossiers relatifs à la restauration de Place-Royale de Québec (1955-1990) : pour une archéologie du papier
Authors: Yoakim William
Published: April 2024

Il est particulièrement difficile de saisir la nature exacte des archives et du fonds. Reflets objectifs des activités accomplies pour certains ou constructions sociales et produits de contextes spécifiques pour d’autres, ces deux notions majeures de l’archivistique ne cessent de faire couler beaucoup d’encre. Face à cet important débat théorique, il importe d’aller sur le terrain et de se confronter directement aux documents d’archives et à leur matérialité.

Commencé au cours des années 1960, le chantier de restauration de Place-Royale de Québec devient rapidement un vaste scandale patrimonial. La volonté de transformer les maisons pour retrouver le style architectural français du temps de la «Nouvelle France » ne fait pas l’unanimité et plusieurs experts parlent de la création d’un Disneyland québécois. L’accumulation des critiques et des scandales fait que ce chantier va connaître de nombreux rebondissements qui vont profondément impacter son déroulement.

Les archives du projet de restauration de Place-Royale constituent alors un terrain favorable pour analyser l’impact du contexte sur la mise en archives d’une activité. Dans cette quête sur l’origine d’un ensemble documentaire, une véritable archéologie de papier se basant en partie sur la matérialité des archives est souvent nécessaire.
Le design de politiques publiques, pour rendre les archives aimables ?
Authors: Le Corre Amandine , Thévenet Romain
Published: April 2024

Le design met en avant l’enjeu de dessiner, pour un usage précis et pratique. Lorsqu’il est appliqué à l’action publique, son objectif est de questionner celle-ci ainsi que ses schémas de fonctionnement pour faire émerger des solutions. La démarche se caractérise par une implication forte des équipes, des usagers et des non-usagers ; elle utilise plusieurs méthodes et outils (dont l''immersion, la co-conception, le prototypage...) qui ont fait leurs preuves pour les services culturels, notamment les bibliothèques. Le design peut donc aussi bien s’appliquer au domaine des archives, pour lequel quelques leviers d’innovation sont suggérés.
Un bâtiment neuf en Guadeloupe. À Gourbeyre depuis 1986
Authors: Jullien Benoît
Published: April 2024

Si les autorités ont longtemps pensé à la Guadeloupe, comme ailleurs, qu’un bâtiment désaffecté, en l’occurrence une caserne de l’infanterie de marine, serait de nature à répondre aux besoins de la conservation des archives, la nécessité d’un nouvel équipement, spécialement construit à cet effet, finit par s’imposer. Imaginé dès 1964, plusieurs fois retardé et remanié, le projet se concrétise vingt ans plus tard avec la livraison en 1986 des nouvelles Archives départementales sur le site de Gourbeyre. Ce second article analyse plus particulièrement la façon dont sont progressivement identifiées et prises en compte dans ce projet les spécificités liées à la conservation des documents en milieu tropical. Il s’attache également à la perception qu’en ont les différents intervenants – en particulier les équipes d’architectes –, à la traduction technique qui en est faite dans les programmes successifs, notamment sous l’influence de réalisations architecturales dans d’autres régions au climat similaire, ainsi qu’aux résultats obtenus et aux modifications rendues nécessaires par la rénovation et l’agrandissement des locaux entamés en 2010.
César et ses anti-modèles dans le Bellum ciuile
Authors: Martin Paul-Marius
Published: April 2024

In the Bellum Ciuile, Caesar has no model nor anti-model, not even Pompey. Unlike him, whose exemplary personality dominates the whole work, he portrays plenty of small and partial anti-models, who end up being nothing but dwarves or hollow shells. Hence what we have is a manner of handbook dealing with two different ways of waging a civil war ¢ the proper (his) and the wrong way (his adversaries’ one ?).
Lire le chant VIII de l’Énéide avec les commentateurs : le regard de Tiberius Claudius Donat
Authors: Clément-Tarantino Séverine
Published: April 2024

It is always useful, when we read a text, to pay attention to its commentaries, ancient as well as modern. It is not always easy to grasp the interpretations that underlie most of these commentaries. Even ancient commentaries are somewhat tendentious and Tiberius Claudius Donatus’ commentary on the Aeneid (the Interpretationes Vergilianae) well demonstrates this fact, its basic thesis being that Virgil’s poem is rather a laudatory speech. Now Donatus’ interpretation can bring us a lot, because it invites us to pay more attention to details that we would not have read in a laudatory perspective or that we would not have examined at all. He is prone to weighing up every single word used by Virgil and the way he looks at the text can sharpen our own attention. His commentary on the eight book of the Aeneid counts many examples of this tendency, and besides, the attention Donatus pays to some major themes (sc. themes that he identifies as major

in this book, as he does in others) is worthy of interest. Among these themes, poverty appears to be the most important. In fact, Donatus resists apparently to the valorization of humility – he himself denies that true poverty is addressed in the episode at Pallanteum – and rather preserves Aeneas’greatness.
La religion au service de l’autarcie cynique Les exemples de Diogène, Cratès et Démétrius
Authors: Pià Comella Jordi
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the problematic relationship between religion and the Cynic notion of self-sufficiency in Diogenes, Crates, and Demetrius. Diogenes uses religion in order to promote his principles and his pedagogical and political role among human beings. Crates goes further in his Elegy to the Muses : while he parodies the famous hymn to Muses written by Solon, he also venerates Cynic values, Hermes and the Muses. The Roman Cynic Demetrius also disrupts the use of the prayer. His prayer doesn’t make any request : it expresses Demetrius’s contempt for external realities and desires.
Characteristics of acute kidney injury and mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Nguyen Van Tri , Nguyen Tat Dung , Hoang Bui Bao
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease and a global health burden, with an increasing incidence in both developed and developing countries. 40 - 50% of AKI cases are caused by sepsis and septic shock. Mortality increases respectively with disease severity. Therefore, we conduct this research with the objective of determining the incidence of sepsis-associated and septic shock-associated AKI and mortality in these patients.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 65 patients with sepsis or septic shock in the Department of ICU - Hue Central Hospital - Vietnam, from February 2022 to March 2023.

Results: Of the 65 patients admitted with sepsis and septic shock, 38 (58.5%) developed AKI, the rates of KDIGO stage 1, 2, 3 were 44.7%, 38.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. The rate of patients receiving RRT was 39.5%. The rate of patients with positive blood cultures was 12.6%. The average SOFA score, APACHE II score at admission were respectively 7.63 ± 5.8; 19.18 ± 9.2. The average serum levels of lactate and PCT in patients with sepsis and septic shock were respectively 3.9 ± 3.23 mmol/l; 33.13 ± 38.49 ng/ml. The average ICU length of stay was 9.03 ± 5.23 days, the rate of requiring mechanical ventilation was 36.9%, in-28-day mortality was 32.3%. Mortality was statistically significantly higher in the AKI groups compared to non-AKI group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with sepsis and septic shock have high rates of AKI and mortality, increased length of hospital stay.

Key words: acute kidney injury, sepsis, septic shock.
Competencies and training needs among postgraduate students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University
Authors: Hoang Trong Nhat , Phan Trung Nam , Le Phan Minh Triet , Nguyen Thi Minh Hoa , Hoang Thi Tinh Thuy , Hau Nguyen Nhat Minh , Le Thi Diem Phuong , Phan Thi Phuong Nhung , Tran Thi Ngoc Anh
Published: April 2024

Background: Postgraduate training is an urgent task, which needs to be improved in quality, internationally accessible and in line with the new requirements of society and profession. Therefore, the research was carried out to describe the competencies, training needs and to find out some factors related to the training needs of postgraduate students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University.

Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was implemented in 367 graduate students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Hue University from July to December 2023. Data were collected by direct interviewing based on a structured questionnaire, including demographic, scientific research skills and training needs in scientific research.

Results: 65.1% of graduate students have a need for scientific research training. Some factors related to the need for scientific research training include university diplomas, postgraduate training subjects, and assessment of scientific research capacity.

Conclusion: The demand for postgraduate scientific research training is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage students to participate in advanced courses in scientific research.

Key words: research competencies, training needs, scientific research, postgraduate students.
MASTER'S DEGREE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF MOTOR TRANSPORT
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, ZAKHAROV E.A. , POLUEKTOV M.V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, BOYKO G.V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the issue of improving the training of undergraduates at the department of “Technical operation and repair of automobiles” of Volgograd State Technical University. An analysis of the current situation with master's training is provided, and the main problematic issues are highlighted. The main factors determining the prestige of entering a master's program are considered, and a comparison is made with the general trends in the development of higher education in Russia in recent years. The directions for improving master's training at a regional university are considered. The experience of developing a new educational program dedicated to technical expertise in transport is presented. The development of the program was carried out in close cooperation with employers, which were both direct expert offices and car service companies that also carry out examination of vehicle elements. During the development of the program, partial continuity was maintained with the master’s program “Technical Operation of Automobiles,” previously implemented at the department, which simplified the transition process and also expanded the scope of professional activities of graduates. Organizational issues related to the implementation of the educational program are examined in detail, using the resources of several departments of the university and specialized enterprises, as well as with the involvement of bachelor's graduates in training at the master's level.
PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, KALININA N.E. , UDALOVA E.P. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, ERMAKOVA E.V. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the process of evaluating academic achievements in physical education classes at the university, which is a mechanism that allows students to increase motivation for active and successful educational activities, including independent work. Attention is paid to the use of a rating system for assessing achievements in the system of physical education of university students, which ensures the constant desire of students to score the highest number of points, which increases interest in educational activities and organizes the systematic work of teachers.
REFLECTION OF SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT IN NARRATIVE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VICTORIAN ERA NARRATIVES)
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University, ALESHCHANOVA I.V.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the issue of narrative sociocultural orientation as a way of translating general cultural norms and values, mechanism of social interaction organization. The author substantiates relationship between narrative texts structural-content characteristics and the corresponding sociocultural context. A method of researching a narrative text is proposed. It involves study of narration event structure and reflected value and role models in social relations organization, correspondence of the narration main plot to traditional archetypical plots and presence of the storyline narrative transformations is revealed. Empirical material of the study is the Victorian era narrative texts. Analyzing narrative forms of that time, the author reveals sociocultural changes influence on textual characteristics. Compositional and plot construction of narratives represents the Victorian era heterogeneity. The narration reflects social contradictions between conservative system of values inculcated by church and the state and search for relevant spiritual guidelines by progressively thinking individuals. Rapid growth of science and new industrial relations undermined faith in the biblical truths stability, the Victorian system of values impeccability. These sociocultural tendencies find expression in the motifs of open or veiled satirical criticism of the Victorian society hypocritical morality, assertion of human rights to boldly express their own assessment of social issues through narrative storyline event blocks inversion.
THE "LIVE SPEECH" TECHNIQUE APPLICATION AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF LEARNING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Volgograd Academy of the Russian Interior Ministry, BELOKONEVA K.A. , BELOUS E.S. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The article summarizes for the first time the experience of teaching Russian as a foreign language at the preparatory faculty according to the methodology based on the educational and methodological complex "Live Speech" in an experimental group of students. The order of presentation of the material and its impact on the assimilation of information is analyzed. The article characterizes the peculiarities of the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language, combining a communicative approach and reliance on grammar. The conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the methodology and the need to find new effective approaches in teaching Russian as a foreign language at the initial stage of training.
SOCIAL MEDIA IN EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL COMMUNICATION OF FOREIGN NON-PHILOLOGICAL FACULTIES STUDENTS
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, BELYAKOVA L.F. , BELOUS E.S. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, SIDOROVA T.L. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the role and functions of an account in the social network Vkontakte, created for foreign non-philological faculties students. It helps to expand their communication space in Russian, to develop language, speech and cultural competencies and emotional involvement in cultural and historical events of our country, city and university. The online community facilitates to form the international collective and creates additional motivations to communicate in Russian and study in Russian universities. All that pictures an attractive image of a foreign university student in the digital environment.
HOW TO TRAIN YOUNG RFL TEACHERS TO WORK WITH FOREIGNERS IN RUSSIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Moscow State Technological University ", VASILYEVA T.V. ,   STANKIN"
Published: April 2024

The article presents the main reference points of the course of methodology for training future teachers of the Russian language to foreigners in technical universities of the Russian Federation on the basis of the methodological classification of language teaching for special purposes. The two components of the teacher's professionogram are considered in the most detail: subject competence (what to teach) and teaching competence (how to teach).
La industria textil fabril en México. El arribo de una nueva manera de producir (1830-1877)
Authors: Beato King Raquel
Published: April 2024

Este artículo trata sobre el devenir histórico de la industria textil fabril en México entre 1830 y 1877, privilegiando una amplia zona central del país donde arribaron la mayoría de las fábricas. Su temprano arranque la constituyó en la primera industria de transformación en México y en el contexto latinoamericano. El producto mayormente elaborado fue la tela burda de algodón, conocida como manta, de amplia demanda popular y múltiples usos, presente en la sociedad mexicana desde tiempos prehispánicos. Con ello, se busca explicar que la industria fabril de algodón de principios del siglo XIX se montó sobre un mercado previamente probado a cargo, hasta entonces, de la comunidad indígena y el taller artesanal. Entre 1830 y 1877 la novedosa industria se caracterizó por multiplicar fábricas y por presentar una tendencia ascendente en lo que hace a producción y capacidad técnica instalada. Con la finalidad de alcanzar un análisis a mayor profundidad, la investigación aborda la zona Centro desde una óptica regional estudiando el comportamiento del fenómeno fabril en las regiones que la conforman: Occidente, Centro, El Bajío y Oriente.
Entorno macroeconómico y desempeño industrial: las tres fases de la industria textil argentina, 1920-1935
Authors: Belini Claudio
Published: April 2024

Este artículo se propone estudiar el desempeño de la industria textil durante la década de 1920 y la Gran Depresión. Esta rama industrial, cuyo desarrollo era sustancialmente menor a las industrias brasileña y mexicana, enfrentó un periodo de cambios y transformaciones en entornos macroeconómicos locales e internacionales inestables. Tomando distancia de las interpretaciones que sostienen que el crecimiento industrial tuvo un comportamiento positivo y homogéneo durante toda década de 1920, en este artículo estudiamos el comportamiento de la industria textil en contextos cambiantes marcados por las transformaciones del mercado mundial, el desempeño de la economía argentina, las políticas cambiarias y arancelarias, y las estrategias empresariales. A partir del relevamiento de fuentes oficiales nacionales y extranjeras, publicaciones del sector y revistas del mundo económico, sostenemos que la rama transitó tres etapas diferenciadas, en términos de comportamiento sectorial y respuestas empresariales a diferentes problemas. El trabajo muestra en lo que se refiere a la rama textil, que el periodo final de la economía agroexportadora no puede ser interpretado como una etapa de prosperidad industrial que anticipó el crecimiento posterior a la Gran Depresión.