bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL BIOFERTILIZERS
Authors: Husen Edi Husen , Simanungkalit R.D.M. , Saraswati Rasti , Irawan Irawan
Published: December 2016

Biofertilizers currently sold in the market are not labeled with a distinct quality standard. As such, farmers may buy low quality biofertilizers, which can reduce their profit and trust on the benefit of biofertilizers. This paper presents the characteristics of various products of commercial biofertilizers as well as farmers’ knowledge and experience on the products. The study was carried out in 2004-2006 by collecting and analyzing data on registered commercial biofertilizers, checking their availability at the market (39 agricultural shops), and interviewing farmers on their knowledge and experience on the use of biofertilizers on various farming systems in Bandung District, West Java (86 respondents) and Semarang District, Central Java (77 respondents). The quality of biofertilizers was tested in the laboratory based on microbial density and its functional (phenotypic) traits. The study showed that amongst various brands of biofertilizers commercialized, 41 brands of them have been officially registered as commercial products. Two brands of other biofertilizers found in agricultural shops were registered as organic or inorganic fertilizers. In general, each biofertilizer contained two or more microbial strains and was claimed to have multiple functions. However, most of them (>90%) were not labeled with expiry date information. Macronutrient contents (NPK) of some microbial carriers were almost equal to those of organic fertilizers. Around 38% of respondents in Bandung knew biofertilizers and less than 10% have ever used them. In Semarang, however, familiarity and personal experience of the respondents were much lower, i.e. 10% and 3%, respectively. About 67% and 50% of agricultural shops in Bandung and Semarang sold biofertilizers, respectively. Laboratory analyses showed that microbial density of five biofertilizers tested was lower than that of product specification, although most of them were positive for N-fixing and P-solubilizing traits. Some microbial strains contained less than 103 cfu based on the dilution level testing. These figures imply the urgent need to improve the existing quality standard system of biofertilizers including its control mechanisms.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL STALK ROT (Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim.) IN CORN (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Subekti Nuning A. , Salazar Artemio M.
Published: December 2016

One of the major disease problems affecting maize farming in the Philippines is bacterial stalk rot (BSR) caused by Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim., which is formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi. The annual loss due to BSR is estimated at PhP. 20 million equivalent to Rp3.5 billion. At present, there is no effective control method against BSR and, therefore, varietal improvement through breeding resistant germplasms is needed. The present study aimed to determine the combining ability and the extent of additive and non-additive genetic effects in corn inbred lines with a range of reaction to BSR. Four resistant lines (S3YB 137-1-1-B, TUPI (S3) 5-1-B, TUPI (S3) 15-2-B, and 97-835) and two susceptible lines (CML 295 and 97-733) were used as genetic materials. Generation of test entries and evaluation of disease resistance were conducted at the experimental farm station of University of the Philippines Los Banos and Institute of Plant Breeding Los Banos, respectively, during 2002 to 2003 wet seasons. Griffing’s diallel mating system Model 1, Method 1 was followed in generating the test entries to make a total of 36 entries (six selfed parental lines and 15 each of F1 crosses and their reciprocal
crosses). The entries were then evaluated for disease resistance in a yield trial following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications. Results of diallel analysis
showed two lines, S3YB 137-1-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B, exhibited the best general combining ability (GCA) for resistance to BSR, while the crosses S3YB 137-1-1-B x TUPI (S3) 5-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B x 97-835 performed the best specific combining ability (SCA) for the resistance. GCA effect was greater than that of SCA. This indicated that additive gene effects were found to be more important than non-additive gene effects in the expression of resistance to BSR in the six corn lines used. Therefore, breeding programs towards recurrent selection that emphasize GCA would be more appropriate for
BSR resistance improvement involving those six lines.
THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Chowdhry Muhammad Aslam , Khaliq Ihsan , Maekawa Masahiko
Published: December 2016

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advance are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to drought in wheat under natural drought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produce F1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritability and genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritability estimates and expected genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire cross combinations while the estimates for spike length and number of grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest that improvement for these characters should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26S and WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat for stress environments. 
REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS
Authors: Roostika I. , Purnamaningsih R. , Darwati I. , Mariska I.
Published: December 2016

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered plant which has various medicinal properties such as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvested from its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regeneration of pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied, but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant). The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration technique of pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjan was induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver and Kuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combined with picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogenic calli were then transferred into embryo development medium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred into media containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/ NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dry weight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, and total number of embryos. The result showed that calli of pruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves. The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKW medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram. Embryo development of the calli was best if they were first grown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The total number of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on the medium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated that pruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required three different media, i.e. for callus induction, development and maturation, and for germination.
ASSESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY UNDER COLDEST AND WARMEST PERIODS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDINAL REGIONS
Authors: Runtunuwu Eleonora , Kondoh Akihiko
Published: December 2016

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key role in the biosphere system. To study the global climate change impact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995), long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthly temperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution were analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, the time series of monthly air temperature and precipitation data were aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extreme periods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration (Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.
The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtracting the maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with the minimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The results revealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperature increased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatly in Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as well over the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55- 75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America, the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, the variation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increased
significantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. In the 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation of more than 100 mm occurred during the June-August and
September-November, especially in the northern hemisphere. The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in the tropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia. A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increase of 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growing period by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustment of cropping calendar is imperative.
THE SEGREGATION PATTERN OF INSECT RESISTANCE GENES IN THE PROGENIES AND CROSSES OF TRANSGENIC ROJOLELE RICE
Authors: Satoto Satoto , Sulistyowati Yuli , Hartana Alex , -Loedin Inez H. Slamet
Published: December 2016

Successful application of genetic transformation technique, especially in developing rice variety resistant to brown plant hopper and stem borer, will depend on transgene being expressed and the gene inherited in a stable and predictable manner. This study aimed to analyse transgene segregation pattern of the progenies and the crosses of transgenic rice cv. Rojolele harboring cry1Ab and gna genes. The third generation (T2) of five
transgenic Rojolele events containing gna and/or cry1Ab were evaluated for two generations to identify the homozygous lines and to study their inheritance. The homozygous lines were selected based on the result of PCR technique. The segregation patterns of gna and cry1Ab were studied in eight F2 populations derived from Rojolele x transgenic Rojolele homozygous for cry1Ab and or gna and their reciprocal crosses. Data  resulted from PCR of F2 population were analysed using a Chi Square test. The study obtained six homozygous lines for gna, namely A22- 1-32, A22-1-37, C72-1-9, F11-1-48, K21-1-39, K21-1-48, and two homozygous lines for cry1Ab, namely K21-1-39 and K21- 1-48. Both cry1Ab and gna transgenes had been inherited through selfing and crossing with their wild type as indicated from the F1 containing gna and cry1Ab as many as 48.4% and 47.4%, respectively. In six of the eight crosses, gna was inherited in a 3:1 ratio consistent with Mendelian inheritance of a single dominant locus, while in the remaining two crosses, gna was segregated in a 1:1 ratio. The presence of cry1Ab in F2 populations also showed a 3:1 segregation ratio in all crosses. In the F2 population derived from F1 plant containing cry1Ab and gna, both transgenes segregated in a 9:3:3:1 dihybrid segregation ratio. This study will add to the diversity of genetic sources for insect resistance and allow further use of these transgenic lines for pyramiding resistance to brown plant hopper and stem borer or  separately in rice breeding programs whenever the efficacy tests and biosafety requirements have been completed.
O Controle Gerencial na Perspectiva do New Public Management: O Caso da Adoção do Balanced Scorecard na Receita Federal do Brasil
Authors: Blonski Fabiano , Coelho Prates Rodolfo , Costa Mayla , Vizeu Fábio
Published: December 2016

As décadas de 1970 e 1980 do século passado viram o surgimento de uma onda de pensamento sobre Administração Pública voltado ao rompimento com a burocracia clássica e aproximação com conceitos da iniciativa privada, como uma resposta ao cenário de crise instalado em diversos países. Deste movimento surgiu o New Public Management, que influenciou largamente as reformas estruturais do Estado implementadas no Brasil durante os anos 1990. Destas reformas pretendeu-se consolidar um Estado que teria a eficiência como um de seus princípios fundamentais. Por outro lado, o movimento da reforma gerencial no Estado brasileiro também aproximou as organizações públicas dos modelos de management atualmente adotados pelas empresas capitalistas, como é o caso dos modelos de gestão estratégica. Dentre estes, certamente o Balanced Scorecard é um dos mais notórios, justamente por configurar-se como uma ferramenta de mensuração de desempenho capaz de dar conta das diferentes dimensões da atividade estatal que a tornam distinta do setor privado. Neste sentido, o Balanced Scorecard permite não apenas a mensuração do desempenho do Estado, mas também auxilia na elaboração e implementação de sua estratégia. Diante de tal contexto, o presente trabalho buscou, por meio de um estudo de caso na Receita Federal do Brasil, compreender como ocorre a Administração Estratégica no poder público federal brasileiro diante da combinação entre os preceitos do New Public Management e do Balanced Scorecard.
Administração pública sob a ótica dos estudos críticos: reflexões, interlocuções e tendências
Authors: Valadares Josiel , Pinto Lauisa Barbosa , Vilas Boas Ana , Brito Mozar
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo propõe-se investigar o emprego de abordagens críticas por pesquisadores da área de administração pública no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em três bases de dados (Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo) de reconhecida reputação acadêmica. A análise textual evidenciou que os pesquisadores da referida área de conhecimento tem apropriado de abordagens críticas, apontando possibilidades e tendências de aplicação de categorias conceituais oriundas de diferentes abordagens. Entre elas destacam-se a noção de razão crítica, emancipação e práxis, relações de poder e dominação, dentre outros. Em termos metodológicos os pesquisadores tem procurado: valorizar as experiências locais; promover a interlocução entre teoria e prática; e, construir novas possibilidades de aproximação e integração entre pesquisadores e sujeitos coletivos.
O Impacto da Remuneração Variável no Desempenho do Servidor Público
Authors: Guimarães Silvio Campos , Marconi Nelson
Published: December 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o efeito da remuneração variável sobre o desempenho do servidor público. Notou-se que a literatura é divergente quanto à associação entre os incentivos e a melhoria do desempenho no setor público. Para contribuir com as pesquisas e com o esclarecimento da divergência observada, desenvolveu-se modelo empírico visando mensurar os efeitos dos programas no desempenho do servidor. Na sequência, foram realizados testes em um estudo de caso sobre o programa de remuneração variável aplicado aos servidores das escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo objetivando identificar seus impactos no desempenho dos diretores de escola e dos professores. Considerando que estes servidores fazem parte do sistema de ensino, também foi testado se os efeitos do programa sobre o desempenho dos diretores e professores impactam o desempenho dos seus alunos.
Experiences of victimization among adolescents with Substance Abuse Disorders in Sweden
Authors: Anderberg Mats , Dahlberg Mikael
Published: December 2016

Background

Adolescents who initiate treatment for substance abuse often have a history of victimization in the form of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse. These experiences can have serious adverse consequences that may affect their lives and social functioning.

Objective

This article describes and analyzes victimization among adolescents who are in outpatient treatment for substance abuse disorders with respect to gender, social circumstances, alcohol and drug abuse, and mental health.

Method

This cross-sectional study is based on structured interviews with 748 adolescents from seven outpatient clinics in Sweden. Chi-squared tests were performed to examine significant differences between gender and victimization (or lack of victimization). The study also included a quantitative content analysis of interview utterances.

Results

The analysis showed that more than half of the adolescents had experienced violence or another type of abuse. There are also significant gender differences: two thirds of the girls and slightly less than half the boys had experienced abuse in some form, and the girls had more severe needs at treatment admission.

Conclusions

This study established that experiences of victimization and exposure to violence are widespread among adolescents with substance abuse disorders in Sweden. This is an important issue that requires attention and action, with preventive and therapeutic interventions needed to provide support for both substance abuse disorders and psychiatric symptoms.
Children’s coping styles and trauma symptoms after an explosion disaster
Authors: Elmose Mette , Duch Christina , Elklit Ask
Published: December 2016

Background

The negative impact of trauma on children and adolescents is well documented. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between coping and trauma and distress symptoms after man-made disasters, especially those not related to war.

Objective

This study investigated the relationship between children’s coping styles and their self-reported levels of trauma and distress symptoms after an explosion disaster in a residential area.

Method

Participants were recruited through the local public school that served the affected residential area. A total of 333 children and adolescents from grades 3 through 10 participated in the study 16 months after the explosion. All participants filled out questionnaires to assess their trauma and distress symptoms as well as their coping strategies. The adolescents answered additional questions about pre-, peri-, and post-traumatic factors and filled out questionnaires about their trauma and distress symptoms, including aspects of somatization and negative affectivity.

Results

The following variables were associated with a higher degree of trauma symptoms for children in grades 6 through 10 and explained 39% to 48% of the unique variance in these symptoms: female gender; the experience of traumatic events pre-disaster; the destruction of property or danger to life occurring during the disaster; the experience of traumatic events post-disaster; and the use of self-blame, emotion regulation, wishful thinking, and cognitive restructuring. For the younger children, pre-, peri-, and post-disaster factors were not measured. However, female gender and the use of self-blame as a coping strategy explained 26% of the variance in trauma symptoms.

Conclusions

This study generally supports the findings of the limited literature addressing coping skills after man-made disasters. However, contrary to previous findings in community samples after episodes of terrorism, adaptive coping strategies such as cognitive restructuring were found to influence the variance of trauma and distress symptoms.
Toward a new generation of quality registries for neurodevelopmental disorders: the example of NEUROPSYK
Authors: Wilteus Anna Löfgren , Bartonek Frida , Borg Jacqueline , Bölte Sven
Published: December 2016

Swedish healthcare quality registries are tools for the evaluation and improvement of clinical services and population-based research. There are presently 11 national quality registries that focus on psychiatric disorders; but none cover all neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Health care professionals have called for more user-friendly; time-saving; and clinically informative registers.

To fill this gap, the NEUROPSYK Quality Register was established in 2014 by the Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet. Initially, this was a clinical register of child and adolescent psychiatry for the Stockholm County Council.

The main objectives of NEUROPSYK are to improve the assessment of and interventions used for individuals with NDDs by doing the following: 1) supporting adequate follow-up related to the implementation of existing regional and national guidelines for assessment and treatment; 2) providing clinical decision-making aids; and 3) conducting large-scale clinical epidemiological research. The registry incorporates all legal requirements for quality registries in Sweden.

NEUROPSYK includes patients of all ages diagnosed with NDDs per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. These diagnoses include autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities, communication disorders, specific learning disorders, and motor disorders. Medication and behavioral interventions are recorded and patient outcomes over time are measured with the economical and user-friendly Clinical Global Impression tool, the Global Assessment of Functioning instrument, and patient-reported health-related quality of life.

NEUROPSYK minimizes administrative work for health care professionals because it is integrated with structured digital patient records, thereby increasing the likelihood of high coverage and data quality. NEUROPSYK combines several strengths to exemplify a new generation of quality research registers for use in psychiatry and other areas of health care.

Read more about NEUROPSYK: http://ki.se/en/kind/neuropsyk-quality-registry-for-neurodevelopmental-disorders
Gamma‐Ray Irradiation Improves Turfgrass Characteristics of St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Çakir Mert , Mutlu Songul Sever , Djapo Haris
Published: December 2016

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a warm‐season turfgrass with medium to high shade tolerance, a valuable trait for use in lawns, particularly in smaller residential landscapes and other green spaces where trees are dominant. However, their long internodes and very coarse leaf and stolon texture are undesirable in home lawns and public spaces. Gamma (γ) irradiation has been used to induce useful variations for various morphological traits in turfgrass breeding. The objective of the present study was to induce dwarf and semidwarf phenotypes from two St. Augustine germplasms, S1 and S2, irradiated with 50, 100, 150, or 300 Gy and 20, 40, 80 or 120 Gy respectively, using a 60Co source. The lethal does (LD50) for S1 and S2 genotypes were 95 and 103 Gy, respectively. The linear reduction of survival rate with increasing gamma rays was highly correlated (r2 = 0.96 and 0.87). The 15 morphological mutants (0.35% of the irradiated plants) with a semidwarfed growth habits were identified among 4301 node cuttings. The mutant lines exhibited up to 40% shorter plant height and finer leaf and stolon texture than parental genotypes. Mutant lines developed in this study may offer improved St. Augustinegrass cultivars for landscaping.
Effect of Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Stoichiometry on Soil Carbon Fractions under a Black Locust Forest within the Central Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhao Fazhu , Zhang Lu , Ren Chengjie , Sun Jiao , Han Xinhui , Yang Gaihe , Wang Jun
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas

Soil C fractions were significantly correlated with microbial C/P and N/P ratios.

Soil C fractions were extremely affected by microbial C/P and N/P ratios.

Microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry have the potential to affect C storage.

Microbial C/N/P stoichiometry ratios are of interest because of important ecosystem fluxes of C, N, and P, such as mineralization and immobilization, and they can help to characterize the cycling of soil elements, especially regarding soil C sequestration. However, it is not clear how soil microbial C/N/P stoichiometry influences C cycling. In this study, the concentrations of microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, microbial biomass P, and soil C fractions were measured in 45‐, 40‐, and 25‐yr‐old black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) forest soils and a sloped cropland. The results showed that soil organic C (SOC) concentrations or stocks and the percentage increment of the SOC stocks were highest under 45‐yr‐old black locust (RP45a). The concentrations of each C fraction in the black locust forest soils (45a, 40a, and 25a) were higher than that of sloped cropland in the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil profile. The concentrations of microbial C, N, and P in RP45a were also higher by an average of 29.6 to 232.9, 9.2 to 17.9, and 0.6 to 1.1 mg kg−1, respectively, compared with the same concentrations in sloped cropland at the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil depth. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C fractions, especially for particulate organic C (53–2000 and >2000 μm), were significantly correlated with the microbial C/P and N/P ratios, and the “best” model selection indicated that the microbial N/P and C/P ratios significantly changed with soil C fractions with regard to stand age and soil depth in the black locust forests. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that C fractions respond to microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry after farmland‐to‐forest conversion and hence have the potential to affect C storage in the loess hilly region.
Phosphorus Speciation in Calcareous Soils Following Annual Dairy Manure Amendments
Authors: Weyers Eva , Strawn Daniel G. , Peak Derek , Moore Amber D. , Baker Leslie L. , Cade-Menun Barbara
Published: December 2016

Core Ideas

High rates of repeated manure amendment to calcareous soils lead to change in P speciation

Soil P species are Ca‐P minerals, P adsorbed on Fe oxides, and organic P compounds

After 3 yr of manure amendment, plant‐available P increases in surface and subsurface soils

Applying manure to crops may alter P speciation in the soil profile and thus affect its availability for plant uptake and transport to surface waters. The goal of this research was to determine how repeated manure amendments affect P speciation within calcareous soil. Soil samples were collected in 2013, 2014, and 2015 from two depths to analyze differences in P composition following annual applications of 17 Mg ha‐1 manure, 52 Mg ha‐1 manure, or NH4H2PO4 fertilizer, and control plots (no P). To speciate the soil P, sequential chemical extraction, P K‐edge X‐ray adsorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and microprobe element mapping were used. Total P concentration in the manure‐amended soils increased over 3 yr. The highest soil test P concentrations were in the 52 Mg ha‐1 plots. Most extractable P in the sequential extraction procedure was removed with the most aggressive extractant, suggesting that the predominant form of P is associated with Ca‐P minerals. The XANES results showed that P species were similar among all amendments and years: 54 to 74% Ca‐P minerals (e.g., hydroxyapatite), 25 to 35% adsorbed P, and 0 to 19% organic P (predominantly phytic acid). Despite the poorly soluble Ca‐P species predominating in all soils, soil test P increased in the manure‐amended soils. The P speciation results provide a baseline to compare how long‐term changes affect P availability and will be useful for designing long‐term scenarios in manure‐amended calcareous soils to limit excess soil P that could leach into water.
Bioremediation of synthetic fatliquors under microaerobic condition
Authors: Umamaheswari B. , Priya K. , Rajaram Rama
Published: December 2016

Synthetic fatliquors are useful as a fatliquoring agent, flotation agent and emulsifying agent in a wide range of industrial applications such as leather, pharmacy and farm chemicals. These fatliquors remain recalcitrant to natural biota in existing treatment plants. In the present study, the isolated microaerophilic Serratia sp. HA1 strain CSMB3 is capable of utilizing structurally different fatliquors as the sole substrate for their growth under microaerobic conditions. Degradation of vegetable fatliquors was observed from 95 to 97% in terms of lipids, with the production of lipase at 72 h. Degradation of synthetic fatliquors was observed in terms of chemical oxygen demand from 85% to a minimum of 25%. It is in the order of sulfited/sulfated fatliquors > sulfochlorinated fatliquors > chlorinated fatliquors. A thin layer chromatography chromatogram confirmed the degradation of non polar fatliquor to polar compounds. Production of the red pigment prodigiosin in synthetic fatliquors enhanced the growth of the isolate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the bioremediation of sulfochlorinated fatliquor into lipids and fatty acids and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results confirmed that alcohols and esters are the final end products. Thus the isolated strain CSMB3 may be used in the treatment of wastewaters containing vegetable and synthetic fatliquors.
Towards multiscale modeling of the interaction between transport and fracture in concrete
Authors: Carrara Pietro , Wu Tao , Kruse Roland , De Lorenzis Laura
Published: December 2016

Transport, fracture and their interaction in concrete are complex phenomena of great practical relevance for the durability of civil engineering structures. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the materials, encompassing a wide range of length scales, multiscale approaches are essential. In this paper, we outline some recent research results and open issues in this field. First, we present a microscale model which aims at simulating chloride diffusion and binding in cement. Then, we outline a mesoscale model addressing coupling between cracking and diffusion. Finally, we discuss open issues in the acquisition of the mesoscale geometry from X-ray computed tomography techniques.
Orna Me: Laurence Sterne’s Open Letter to Literary History
Authors: Barnes Celia B.
Published: December 2016

This essay considers the curious way Laurence Sterne communicates with and reflects on his literary predecessors, most often Alexander Pope, by writing love letters to women. Focusing primarily on his correspondence with Elizabeth Draper, Barnes contends that, even as Sterne looks back to Pope to guarantee himself a place in literary history, he looks forward to women like Draper to ensure his name will survive.  Thus, erotic correspondence becomes an important way of ensuring Sterne’s literary estate, or as he terms it, his “futurity.” “Orna Me”—a phrase that means, roughly, “ornament me” or “set me off,” and that Sterne got from Pope and Swift, who got it from Cicero—allows Sterne to plug in to a literary tradition that privileges collaboration: append something of yours to something of mine. It is this idea of letter-writing as correspondence, a collaborative process between friends or lovers, that unites Sterne to his female correspondent and to literary tradition all at once.
An Empirical Investigation on Iron-Ore Price volatility with special reference to Dindigul Lock makers
Authors: Gurusamy S. , Hemavathy P. , Leelavathy V.
Published: December 2016

Iron-ore is the staple raw material required for manufacturing locks. Iron ore price contributes to the cost of
raw material for Dindigul lock makers. High volatility has been widely observed in the prices of Indian iron
ore market. Irrefutably, the Lock maker's optimism has been battered by volatility and thus critically has an
effect on their economic growth. This study develops and examines the conditional volatility model in an
attempt to confine the prominent features of volatility in iron ore prices prevailing in Indian market
confining to the benefit of Dindigul Lock makers. Results of the study exhibit that the high volatility of iron
ore price is expected when the negative shocks are present. The Centre and State government are
accountable in steering rural development through adequate disbursement of credit in the form of incentives
to the lock makers to buy raw materials at an affordable cost.
Redesigning the “Office Hours” : The Future of Work
Authors: Mukherjee Ujjal
Published: December 2016

The way human being “work” to earn their living has transformed over a period of time. There was a time
when human beings used to go to work but now the work has come to the doorstep , in fact it has occupied its
space in the bed room and on the dining table. We actually pack it as we go out for a family outing .It does not
end there, research shows that we get the best of ideas to solve office problems ,when we are outing, trekking ,
watching TV but the organizations still have the same good, old attendance tracking system. The employers
are still so conscious whether the knowledge employees show in the office and importantly, show on time.
The researcher in this conceptual paper tries to unravel the features of modern and future work. He suggests
a method which can be followed by organizations which can help themto track modern day knowledge work
more effectively.
Corporate Social Disclosure: A Case Study Of SAIL
(Steel Authority of India Limited)
Authors: Singh Shalini , Khanna Sanaya
Published: December 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is used to envelop both social and environment issues. Business and
society are interdependent on each other. The wellbeing of one depends on the wellbeing of the other
especially in big companies and corporations, it's seen as a vital tool to promote and improve the public
image. CSR may present a win- win situation for society and business. Understanding of the potential
benefits of CSR for the competitiveness of individual companies and for national economies can help
encourage the spread of CSR practice. Presents study deals with the corporate social disclosure practices
adopted by the company especially the SAIL( Steel Authority of India limited). In the present paper an
attempt has been made to identify and analyze the corporate social mandatory and non-mandatory
disclosures made by SAIL and a comparison between the both i.e. mandatory and non-mandatory
disclosures has been made through a disclosure index. Result indicates that there exists a significance
difference between the mandatory and non-mandatory of disclosures made by SAIL. And the company is
making more efforts towards the fulfillment of mandatory requirements rather than the non-mandatory
requirements.
Проблеми індикативного планування та концепції управління існуючої системи медичного захисту населення України під час проведення контртерористичних операцій
Authors: Roshchin H.H. , Kuzmіn V.Y. , Krylyuk V.O. , Novikov F.M. , Ivanov V.I.
Published: December 2016

Актуальність. З метою покращання надання екстреної медичної допомоги постраждалим під час проведення контртерористичних операцій в Україні шляхом здійснення аналізу та визначення проблемних питань щодо розбудови сучасної системи медичного захисту населення України, що відповідатиме завданням євроатлантичної інтеграції, було виконано дане дослідження. Матеріали та методи. Матеріалом дослідження були: законодавчі та нормативні акти України урядового та відомчого рівнів стосовно медичного захисту населення в надзвичайних ситуаціях та в особливий період, а також накази та інструкції, чинні в Україні, із питань надання екстреної медичної допомоги. Результати. Розробка організаційної моделі та нормативно-правової бази застосування медико-організаційних заходів із мінімізації наслідків у разі зростання загроз здоров’ю громадян України в особливий період дає змогу визначити концептуальну стратегію щодо впрова­дження адаптованих медико-організаційних технологій до складових системи екстреної медичної допомоги під час проведення контртерористичних операцій з урахуванням сучасних засобів ведення воєнних дій та їх медико-санітарних наслідків. Висновки. Система медичного захисту за обсягом матеріально-технічного та кадрового забезпечення повинна розглядатись як складова національної безпеки держави.
Оптимізація анестезії та інтенсивної терапії під час великих резекцій печінки
Authors: Cherniy V.I. , Kolganova K.A. , Freigofer M.V.
Published: December 2016

Розроблена та застосована у 121 пацієнта оптимізована схема анестезії та інтенсивної терапії під час обширних резекцій печінки в онкохірургії, що включає застосування мультимодальної аналгезії, трансфузії автологічної крові, тромбопрофілактики низькомолекулярними гепаринами. Для оцінки адекватності застосовуваної методики використані: варіаційна пульсометрія, аналіз параметрів гемодинаміки, сироваткових концентрацій кортизолу, глюкози, анти-Х-фактора згортання крові пацієнтів, ступінь вираженості післяопераційного болю, частота післяопераційних ускладнень. Встановлено, що максимальну ефективність і безпеку для пацієнтів має схема анестезії, що включає комбіновану загальну інгаляційну анестезію севофлюраном, подовжену грудну епідуральну аналгезію і нормоволемічну гемодилюцію у поєднанні з трансфузією автологічної крові в періопераційному періоді. В одній з груп пацієнтів були зареєстровані оптимальні гемодинамічні показники, мінімальні рівні стресових маркерів і ступеня вираженості післяопераційного болю, зменшення частоти післяопераційних ускладнень.
Застосування препарату Гліатилін при консервативній фармакотерапії тяжкої черепно-мозкової травми з контузійним ураженням речовини головного мозку
Authors: Piatykop V.O. , Kutovyi I.O , Babalian Yu.O. , Stohnii A.V. , Kotliarevskyi Yu.O. , Pshenichnyi A.O.
Published: December 2016

Наведені дані дослідження ефективності препарату Гліатилін (холіну альфосцерат) у терапії гострого періоду черепно-­мозкової травми (ЧМТ), забою головного мозку тяжкого ступеня з порушенням свідомості у випадку, коли оперативне втручання не показано, але є верифіковані контузійні вогнища з порушенням свідомості. У дослідження були включені 40 пацієнтів (28 чоловіків і 12 жінок) віком від 21 до 63 років (середній вік — 42 роки) із ЧМТ тяжкого ступеня. Пацієнти були розділені на 2 групи по 20 осіб (по 14 чоловіків та 6 жінок) за призначеною терапією. I група отримувала стандартизовану метаболічну, протинабрякову, антибіотикотерапію та ноотропну терапію. II група — таку ж терапію, доповнену Гліатиліном у дозі 1000 мг/добу внутрішньовенно краплинно. На тлі проведеної фармакотерапії в динаміці відстежувалася її ефективність протягом усього курсу (14 діб) за шкалою коми Глазго, за даними епідурального сенсора внутрішньочерепного тиску та за даними спіральної комп’ютерної томограми головного мозку.
Сучасні підходи до знеболення пологів: що нового?
Authors: Chystik T.V.
Published: December 2016

У статті представлені огляди доповідей з сучасниз стратегій знеболення пологів, які обговорювалися в рамках VII Національного конгресу Асоціації анестезіологів України, що відбувся 21-24 вересня 2016 р.,у м. Дніпро.
Гостра дихальна недостатність
Authors: Birkun A.A. , Osunsanya O.O.
Published: December 2016

Синдром гострої дихальної недостатності (ГДН) — це невідкладний стан, який може ускладнювати практично будь-яке захворювання дихальної системи та в усьому світі характеризується широкою поширеністю та високим рівнем летальності. Імовірність сприятливого виходу в разі ГДН значною мірою залежить від здатності лікаря вчасно розпізнати синдром та вжити належні заходи, спрямовані на підтримання та відновлення функції дихання. Заснована на сучасних знан­нях медичної науки в сфері невідкладних і критичних станів, ця стаття описує ключові аспекти патогенезу, діагностики та лікування ГДН. Зокрема, розглядаються патофізіологічні закономірності розвитку ГДН залежно від залучення до патологічного процесу того чи іншого структурного компонента дихальної системи, обговорюються критерії діагностики ГДН та основні принципи підтримуючої терапії, включаючи заходи щодо забезпечення прохідності дихальних шляхів та сучасні методи вентиляційної ­підтримки.
Вплив сполук кадмію на організм людини
Authors: Arustamian O.M. , Tkachyshyn V.S. , Aleksiichuk O.Yu.
Published: December 2016

Кадмій — важкий метал, віднесений до другого класу небезпечності, має виражену тенденцію до накопичення в організмі. Отруєння кадмієм відбувається при потраплянні його в шлунок або інгаляційним шляхом. Абсорбований кадмій накопичується в печінці та нирках у вигляді комплексу з металотіонеїном. В еритроцитах і м’яких тканинах кадмій зв’язується з α2-макроглобуліном та альбуміном. Кадмій зв’язується із сульфгідрильними групами білків, що веде до їх денатурації і до інактивації ферментів; пригнічується діяльність мітохондрій, підвищується вільнорадикальне окислення в клітинах. Концентрацію кадмію в нирках можна оцінити, досліджуючи нейтронно­активаційним методом отриманий субстрат сечі. Вплив кадмію на організм людини має місце на виробництві гальванічних елементів, при плавці металів, заняттях фотографією, у виробництві акумуляторів і батарейок, виготовленні добрив, цигарок, рентгенівських екранів, кінескопів, в автомобільній та літакобудівній промисловості. У зварників, паяльщиків і ювелірів, які працюють із кадмієвими сплавами, підвищений ризик гострого отруєння парами окису кадмію. Клініка гострого отруєння характеризується головним болем, запамороченням, нудотою, блідістю, епігастральним болем, солодким присмаком у роті. Приєднуються явища гострого трахеобронхіту й поширеного бронхіоліту з нападами болісного судомного кашлю з мокротинням, сильною задишкою і ціанозом. Можлива токсична бронхопневмонія і набряк легенів і смерть від них на 3–5-й день. Хронічне отруєння характеризується зниженням і втратою нюху, кадмієвим паркінсонізмом, кадмієвою облямівкою, астеновегетативним, астеноневротичним, неврастенічним, гіпоталамічним синдромами із вегетативними порушеннями. При подальшому розвитку інтоксикації з’являються носові кровотечі, виразки і перфорації носової перегородки, хронічні обструктивні захворювання легень із розвитком прогресуючого пневмосклерозу й емфіземи легень, шлунково-кишкові розлади, ураження печінки, гіпохромна анемія або компенсаторний еритроцитоз, збільшення ШОЕ до 70 мм/год, остеомаляція. Невідкладна допомога полягає у відновленні прохідності дихальних шляхів, підтриманні дихання і кровообігу, промиванні шлунково-кишкового тракту, рекомендований пероральний прийом сірководневої води 50–100 мл. Для промивання шлунка застосовують 200 мл сірководневої води на 800 мл води або 5% розчин унітіолу (до 15 мл на склянку теплої води), британський антилюїзит по 1 мл в/м 4–6 разів 3–4 дні. У разі хвороби ітай-ітай доцільно вводити великі дози вітаміну D при вживанні адекватної кількості кальцію та фосфору. Гранично допустима концентрація окису кадмію в повітрі робочих приміщень становить 0,1 мг/м3. Усі особи, які контактують із кадмієм, повинні проходити періодичні медичні огляди 1 раз на рік. При початковій стадії хронічного отруєння сполуками кадмію встановлюється тимчасова часткова втрата працездатності. При виражених стадіях — стійка часткова або повна втрата працездатності із встановленням відповідної групи інвалідності.
Енергетичний дефіцит при критичних станах: значення сукцинатів
Authors: Orlov Yu.P.
Published: December 2016

В огляді розглядається механізм дії різних інфузійних середовищ на обмін основних катіонів та аніонів у плазмі крові, що дозволяє оцінити внесок молекули янтарної кислоти в корекцію ацидозу, гіпоксії, реперфузії й відновлення окисного фосфорилювання в умовах активації вільнорадикального окислення. Літературні дані, наведені в огляді, підтверджують наявність енергозалежних механізмів у розвитку гіпоксії і доцільність раннього усунення енергетичного дефіциту на рівні клітини за рахунок введення клітинного енергетичного субстрату — молекули янтарної кислоти, що ставить, зокрема, реамберин у ряд пріоритетних інфузійних розчинів, використовуваних при критичних ­станах.
Актуальні питання розрахунку вихідного нутритивного статусу пацієнтів при розширених оперативних втручаннях в абдомінальній хірургії
Authors: Pavlov A.A. , Mironova N.V.
Published: December 2016

В огляді літератури наведені актуальні дані про сучасний стан розрахунку вихідного нутритивного статусу пацієнтів при розширених оперативних втручаннях. У багатьох сучасних дослідженнях доведено, що пацієнти з патологією шлунково-кишкового тракту мають нутритивну недостатність і термін її виявлення та строки початку лікування є важливим фактором, що впливає на одужання. У сучасній клінічній практиці немає чітких та однозначних критеріїв визначення метаболічних порушень, що, у свою чергу, призводить до зниження ефективності лікування, збільшення кількості інфекційних ускладнень, терміну перебування у реанімації. Оцінка ефективності та доцільності нутритивної підтримки складається з суми об’єктивних і суб’єктивних параметрів. Розробка єдиних простих і зрозумілих критеріїв дозволить оцінити ефективність лікування, вибір і спосіб уведення препаратів нутритивної підтримки.
Новини практичної ендокринології за підсумками конгресу Європейського ендокринологічного товариства 2016
Authors: Bobryk M.I. , Sydorova I.V.
Published: December 2016

Зроблено огляд доповідей, представлених у рамках заходу з циклу «Ендокринологічні колегії», що відбувся 23 листопада 2016 року в м. Києві, Україна.
Вміст вітаміну D і стан кісткового метаболізму при синдромі тиреотоксикозу (огляд літератури)
Authors: Pankiv І.V.
Published: December 2016

В огляді літератури наведені дані досліджень вмісту вітаміну D і стану кісткового метаболізму у хворих із синдромом тиреотоксикозу. Підсумовуючи результати досліджень, проведених різними авторами, слід відзначити важливість нормального балансу гормонів щитоподібної залози для розвитку скелета й забезпечення мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини.