bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of Domestic Military Production and Military Industrial Sector, Weaponry Development as well as Military and Special Machinery Development in the 18th–20th Century, as Described by Researchers from Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) in the Latter Half of the 20th Century and during the Post-Soviet Period
Authors: Alexander Losik
Published: January 2022

In the article it is presented an analytical analysis of research on the problems of the development of domestic military-industrial complex, the history of weapons and military equipment. At the same time, dissertations (candidates’ and doctoral) as well as monographic works of St. Petersburg (Leningrad) scientists have been emphasized specially in this analysis. The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of conducted research and, on this basis, to determine the most promising directions for further research in the designated area of scientific activity. To achieve this goal the following tasks should be solved: clarification of the objective prerequisites of starting the investigation of the regional military-industrial complex of Leningrad-St. Petersburg history; identification of the initiators and leaders of these studies in the post-Soviet period as well as the main centers of conducting these studies; coverage of research topics in various historical specialties and branches of science; showing the different forms of scientific research organization and conduct in the designated area; formulation of the most significant scientific results obtained by St. Petersburg (Leningrad) scientists in the course of their research. As a result of the analytical analysisit has been shown the names of the most prominent researchers of the subject as well as the universities of St. Petersburg, where special attention was paid to the development of the most interesting problems, conditions were created for defending dissertations, primarily by forming dissertation councils on historical scientific specialties and branches of sciences (domestic history, history of science and technology, military history). The quantitative and qualitative results of the studies conducted by scientists of St. Petersburg within the framework of the indicated problems for the period from the beginning of the 1990s to the end of the 2010s have been clarified. The scope of the obtained significant scientific resultsaffecting various aspects of the origin, formation and development of the regional military-industrial complex in Leningrad-St. Petersburg is outlined. It has been made the conclusion about the informal scientific and historical school of St. Petersburg established to solve the problems considered in the article, has been shown the main directions of research conducted within the framework of this scientific school as well as the existing potential of such research in the form of dissertation works being prepared for defense.
Structure of the Territorial Administrative Complex of Izhevsk Factories in the Pre-Reform Period (the End of the XVIII – First Half of the XIX Centuries)
Authors: Tatyana Vasina
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the structure of the territorial administrative complex of Izhevsk arms and iron works founded in Sarapul district of Vyatka province in the late 18th – early 19th centuries. Under administrative and economic complex it is implied a district with factory landholdings under the jurisdiction of the factory management.The chronological framework of the study includes the pre-reform period which was characterized by the formation and development of the factory district from the founding of Izhevsk iron-making factory in 1760 to the 1850s.The research is based on such historical sources as archival documents and publications in the regional press, some of them are published for the first time.The article is also based on the historiographic tradition, in particular, on research devoted to the scientific problem of mining districtsformation. The author studied the history of the founding of iron and weapons production in Izhevsk, paid attention to the management system of factories which were initially a part of the mining and then the military department.The working settlement of the Izhevsk factorieswas analyzed as the administrative and economic center of the works district.The internal structure of the factory settlement and the zoning of the territory were determined.The types of land holdings on the periphery of the factory district, their purpose and size of the area were clarified.As a result of study, it was concluded that the factory district of Izhevsk workswas a complex system.The factory district included industrial buildings, administrative and public institutions, trading establishments and religious buildings, settlements (factory settlement and workers villages), large landholdings with land for various purposes, transport hubs, etc.The structural elements of the factory district performed the function of ensuring the productivity of the Izhevsk factories.
Organization of Quality Control and Acceptance of Small Arms in Russia in the First Half of the XIX Century
Authors: Ilya Sergievskiy
Published: January 2022

Modern historical science does not fully cover the issues related to the history of the domestic military industry. One of these issues is the history of the organization of quality control and acceptance of military products at the enterprises of the defense industry. The object of this study is the product quality control system. The subject of the study is the organization of quality control and acceptance of military products at weapons factories of the Russian Empire (Tula, Izhevsk and Sestroretsk factories) in the first half of the XIX century. As a source base it was used specialized archival funds of some federal, regional and departmental archives of Russia, as well as published legislative acts. Problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods were used in the preparation of the publication. Thanks to them the author was able to consistently study the issues under consideration in the specified chronological framework as well as to identify general and specific organizational aspects of quality control and acceptance of military products at three different weapons enterprises in Russia. As the main auxiliary method of research, the method of schematization was used, and this made possible to show the evolution in the subject of this study more clearly. In this article the author consistently examines the procedure for quality control and acceptance of military products at Russian arms factories in the first half of the XIX century. The problems of produced small arms quality which the domestic military industry faced with during the period under review has been characterized in the article. State measures aimed at elimination the problems as well as the application of these measures at the local production level have been analyzed and evaluated. The author comes to the conclusion that as a result of the industrial revolution there was a qualitative leap in the creation and production of means of armed struggle. This factor came into conflict with the views of the state and military leadership of Russia of that time on the organization of quality control and acceptance of military products. The undertaken measures were insufficient foraccomplishing the tasks challenged withthe military industry.
Designing and Creation of Remote-Control Equipment for Defense Facilities and Machinery in the USSR in the 1920s
Authors: Anna Vasilyeva
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the designing and creation of remote-control equipment for defense facilities and machinery in the USSR in the 1920s. The basic centers for the invention of the radio waves remote –controldefense objects facilities have been listed in the article. The work of the Special Technical Bureau for the military inventions of special purpose (OSTEKHBURO) and Central radio laboratory of Electrical Engineering trust of the weak current plants has been revealed. The main directions of work at this stage of remote-control system are: development of methods and technologies of information (signals)transmission and reception, generation of prototypes for military hardware remote-control facilities, first testing of finished equipment and devices. The urgency of work is determined by the necessity of a comprehensive analysis of the initial stage of creatingmilitary hardware remote-control facilitiesof special purpose which today has practically no interpretation in native historiography. Archival materials of the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg and the Russian State Archive of the Navy make possible to know the history of the creation of the first military remote-control hardware prototypes in the USSR, as well as to get acquainted with products whichwere not the objects of largescale production but became the reserve for future engineering design. The purpose of the article is to identify the executed work on the development and creation of military radio-controlled remote equipment in 1920s in the USSR. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks of research:to determine the basic research centers for the design and creation of military remote-control facilities and equipment; to observe the reorganization of design bureaus and laboratories and to demonstrate their interaction; to analyzecorrespondence of performed work onremote control to work schedule, estimates and reports; to determine the obtained results by the certificate of proof for radio- andremote-control equipment. The research is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. In the course of the study the following methods were applied: typology, modeling, perspective analysis and problem-chronological. The result of the research is an analysis of the initial stage of development and creation of the first military hardware prototypes with the remote radio control.
Single nucleotide substitutions in the matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene in hypertensive individuals of European and South Asian ethnicity in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Plekhova N. G. , Brodskaya T. A. , Nevzorova V. A. , Repina N. I. , Eliseeva V. S.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -1562C>T (rs3918242) in the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene in hypertensive (HTN) in individuals of European and South Asian ethnicity of Primorsky Krai and Sakhalin Oblast.

Material and methods. The analysis of conventional and additional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (35 parameters) in 377 people as a part of regional stage of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study (2014-2019), of whom 240 people of European (Slavic) and 137 people of South Asian (Korean, second- and third-generation immigrants) ethnicity. Substitutions in the MMP-9 gene -1562C>T (rs3918242) was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan technology.

Results. Compared to Koreans, the Slavs have a higher blood pressure (p=0,002). There were no significant differences between ethnic groups (p=0,07) in cardiovascular risk levels using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Significant differences (p=0,003) were determined in cardiovascular risk levels for healthy Koreans and HTN patients. It was shown that among patients with HTN, the pulse wave velocity exceeded the recommended values in 22,2% of Europeans and in 46,6% of Koreans (p=0,003). The number of hypertensive Europeans and minor MMP-9 rs3918242 T allele exceeded 2,6 times the number of healthy persons (odds ratio, 4,7; 95% confidence interval: 1,1 -7,8 (p=0,03)). MMP-9 rs3918242 T allele in Koreans of the Sakhalin Oblast was not associated with HTN (odds ratio, 0,81; 95% confidence interval: 0,12-5,54 (p=0,83)). Moreover, in South Asian population, heterozygous carriers of T allele prevailed, which significantly (p=0,002) differed from Europeans, who, in general, had a homozygous CC genotype.

Conclusion. In Far Eastern Federal District, SNPs in the MMP-9 C-1562T gene were found mainly in hypertensive patients of European ethnicity, while in Koreans, a significant relationship between the carriage of minor T allele in this gene and the presence of HTN was not established.
Significance of modern diagnostic methods in the early diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy
Authors: Osipova E. V. , Osipova E. A. , Melnikova L. V.
Published: January 2022

The review analyzes modern criteria for early diagnosis of renal damage in hypertensive patients. Based on numerous studies, the role of impaired renal function markers and renal artery Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy is indicated. A search was made for the relationship between laboratory criteria for kidney damage and renal Doppler ultrasound characteristics in hypertensive patients. In addition, the importance of revealing intrarenal hemodynamic disorders in the early diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy was established.
Adaptive potential of cardiovascular system and its relationship with sex hormones and dopamine levels in women of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Authors: Elfimova A. E. , Tipisova E. V. , Molodovskaya I. N. , Alikina V. A.
Published: January 2022

Aim.To assess the adaptive potential of cardiovascular system in female population of the Russian Arctic territory and its relationship with sex hormones and dopamine levels.

Material and methods.The study involved 253 women living in European North (Arkhangelsk Oblast) and Asian North (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), who were divided into groups of fertile (n=58 and n=70, respectively) and postmenopausal women (n=59 and n=66, respectively). Enzyme immunoassay of serum was used to determine the levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (LH), progesterone, prolactin, total and free testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin. In plasma, dopamine level was identified. Adaptive potential (AP) was estimated according to R. M. Baevsky method.

Results.A significant disadaptation was revealed in residents of Asian North compared to European North as follows: the proportion of persons with poor adaptation increases from 16% in European North to 26% in Asian North in fertile women, while the proportion of persons with adaptation failure increases from 9 to 23% in postmenopausal women. The strongest relationships between hormonal parameters and AP level were found in postmenopausal women: in European North, adaptation impairment is associated with higher levels of testosterone at lower concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, LH and sex hormone-binding globulin; in Asian North, adaptation failure is associated with lower values of LH, prolactin, testosterone, and dopamine.

Conclusion.A greater AP impairment, which characterizes cardiovascular system adaptation, was noted among Asian North residents. We revealed significant relationships between cardiovascular function and hormonal parameters. In European North residents, poor adaptation is associated with a more androgenic sex hormone profile, while in Asian North — with lower values of LH, prolactin, testosterone and dopamine.
Obesity epidemic through the prism of evolutionary processes
Authors: Kim O. T. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: January 2022

Currently, obesity has become one of the most serious public health problems. It takes millions of lives worldwide every year due to its association with numerous diseases and leads to significant social and economic losses. It is generally accepted that obesity is the result of the interaction of genes and environment, and the predisposition to it lies in our evolutionary past. This review discusses the role of adipose tissue in human evolution, the factors specifying a person’s predisposition to obesity, the main hypotheses for obesity origin, and potential prevention and treatment strategies arising from them. The evolutionary significance of visceral adipose tissue and some ethnic and sex characteristics associated with its distribution are also considered.
Anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive risk management
Authors: Sorokoumov V. A.
Published: January 2022

Effective secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) implies long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. It has been proven that the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is more effective, safer and more convenient for a patient than vitamin K antagonists. However, the selection of most effective and safe DOAC represented without direct comparisons in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) cannot be reliable due to the inevitable differences in the cohorts of studied patients and differences in methodological approaches. It should be noted that the population of patients in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) in terms of basic characteristics was as close as possible to the Russian population of AF patients compared with study populations of other DOACs. Of great importance for ensuring the overall benefit from DOACs is the possibility of comprehensive protection of the elderly patient with AF. This approach, along with the risk of recurrent stroke and possible bleeding events, takes into account other risks that can significantly worsen the prognosis and health of a patient with AF, such as the risk of coronary events, impairment of renal function, and cognitive impairment that can lead to low adherence to treatment. Rivaroxaban therapy makes it possible to simultaneously reduce the listed risks, providing comprehensive protection for an elderly patient with AF.
How is the demand for important professional qualities of a future doctor changing in the context of digitalization?
Authors: Kornilova O. A. , Avdeeva E. A.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To analyze, revise and supplement important professional qualities of a future doctor in the context of digitalization.

Material and methods. The study involved 74 1st year students of General Medicine faculty of Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. A doctor’s self­assessment form was used, which includes a list of important professional qualities (IPQs) of a doctor in three blocks. The ranking method was used to measure the significance of doctor’s IPQs, taking into account the preferences of students. An assessment of the IPQs of future specialists was carried out using a heuristic evaluation method based on self­-assessments, classmates’ and expert assessments. Mathematical data processing was carried out using Excell.

Results. The analysis showed that 82,14% of future specialists identified the first rank of IPQ block as contributing to development of professional culture of doctors. The second rank was assigned by 67,86% to IPQ block related to social responsiveness of doctors, while 75% of students assigned the third rank to IPQ block related to information competence. According to the average value of heuristic self­-assessments, the IPQs of social responsiveness of a doctor are optimally formed (5,72), while the IPQs of working with information (4,27) and doctor professional culture (3,50) are underdeveloped.

Conclusion. Despite the digitalization of medicine, the social role of a doctor remains the same. The conducted research has revealed the following tendencies. Future specialists understand the demand for IPQs that contribute to the social responsiveness of doctors. Students recognize that they have the IPQs necessary to interact with patients at an optimal level. Underdeveloped IPQs were those related to working with data, digital etiquette, and practical experience of working in the digital space. In addition, it was revealed that the IPQs related to the development of doctor professional culture are insufficiently formed. The list of the doctor’s IPQs was revised and supplemented with new competencies related to digital interaction.
Personalized pedagogical learning of highly qualified residents and postgraduate students
Authors: Artyukhina A. I. , Chizhova V. M. , Chumakov V. I.
Published: January 2022

Aim. The article is devoted to the analysis of experience of developing and testing the system of highly qualified personnel training with pedagogical skills in residency and postgraduate education based on personalized learning. The aim was to summarize the educational experience of teachers of the Public Health Institute (Volgograd State Medical University) in personalized learning of highly qualified personnel in residency and postgraduate education.

Material and methods. The use of methods of system analysis and data assessment of information obtained during theoretical analysis, comparison, grouping of data, generalization made it possible to identify a complex of pedagogical areas, structured into a system of personalized learning of medical postgraduate students and residents. The study involved 106 residents and 166 full­time and part-time postgraduate students.

Results. The presented system of training of highly qualified residents and postgraduate students is based on psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of students, ensures the continuity of professional and pedagogical development, integrates the following characteristics inherent in personalized learning: motivation, joint creation, self­knowledge and social construction. Expert assessment, self­assessment of pedagogical experience results, and data interpretation indicate that the developed system has been successfully tested.

Conclusion. A personalized learning system of pedagogical skills in residency and postgraduate education has been developed, where the individual trajectory of mastering professional and pedagogical competencies is determined by primary diagnostics, a set of tasks, the organization of educational process. This can be considered as the basis for improving the training of highly qualified personnel in a medical university.
Comments on the section “Cardiovascular risk estimation” in the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Authors: Shalnova S. A.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses a new approach to assessing cardiovascular risk in clinical practice, presented in the European guidelines 2021. Two novel risk charts (SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP) have been proposed that have undergone significant revision and require significant changes in primary care practice. It has been suggested that in modern conditions their practical introduction is premature, since the healthcare system is not ready for renewal. Therefore, time is needed to adapt it to the practical healthcare conditions and to revise the medical screening protocols, which will require financial costs. The implementation of these recommendations should be taken responsibly so as not to harm the existing system of preventive care.
Effect of UV-C Irradiation on the Shelf-Life of Fresh-Cut Potato and Its Sensory Properties after Cooking
Authors: Pelaić Zdenka , Čošić Zrinka , Repajić Maja , Pedisić Sandra , Zorić Zoran , Ščetar Mario , Galić Kata , Levaj Branka
Published: January 2022

Research background. Potato tissue is damaged during fresh-cut production, which makes fresh-cut potato susceptible to the quality loss and microbiological spoilage. At the same time, such products are desirable due to their convenience; however, they are extremely sensitive and have short shelf life. The main challenge of the fresh-cut potato industry is to find possibilities to overcome these drawbacks. UV-C treatment, known for its antibacterial activity, is a promising technique and it shows a potential to improve shelf life of fresh-cut potato products.
Experimental approach. The influence of the UV-C treatment on the safety and quality, as well as sensory traits of fresh-cut potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Birgit) during storage was examined. For this purpose, 0-, 3-, 5- and 10-min UV-C irradiation was applied on vacuum-packed potato slices pretreated with sodium ascorbate solution. During 23 days of storage at (6±1) °C, microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties of raw samples were monitored, along with sensory properties of boiled and fried fresh-cut potatoes.
Results and conclusions. The 5- and 10-min UV-C treatments significantly reduced microbial growth, increased total solids and lightness (L*), and positively affected odour and firmness of raw potatoes. Cooked UV-C-treated samples were described with more pronounced characteristic potato odour and taste. Overall, UV-C-treated fresh-cut potato retained its good quality and sensory traits up to 15 days at (6±1) °C.
Novelty and scientific contribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific article dealing with the effect of UV-C light on durability (safety, quality and sensory traits) of fresh-cut potato cv. Birgit and its suitability for boiling and frying. In general, UV-C treatment is a known antimicrobial technique, but its application on fresh-cut potato is poorly explored. Results confirmed that vacuum-packed fresh-cut potato treated only with UV-C and sodium ascorbate as anti-browning agent, without the addition of chemical preservatives, had twofold longer shelf-life at (6±1) °C than the fresh-cut potato not treated with UV-C. Fresh-cut potato treated with UV-C retained good overall quality and sensory properties either raw, boiled or fried. Results of this study could also be useful for producers in terms of potential UV-C application as a strategy for prolonging the shelf-life of fresh-cut potato.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Extracellular Haloprotease Vpr from Bacillus licheniformis Strain KB111
Authors: Foophow Tita , Sittipol Duangjai , Rukying Neeranuch , Phoohinkong Weerachon , Jongruja Nujarin
Published: January 2022

Research background. Haloalkaline proteases are one of the most interesting types of
commercial enzymes in various industries due to their high specific activity and stability
under extreme conditions. Biochemical characterization of enzymes is an important requirement for determining their potential for application in industrial fields. Most of microbial proteases have been isolated from Bacillus spp. In this study, the purification and characterization of an extracellular haloprotease produced from Bacillus sp. KB111 strain, which was previously isolated from mangrove forest sediments, are investigated for industrial applications.
Experimental approach. The whole genome of KB111 strain was identified by DNA sequencing. Its produced protease was purified by salting out and anion-exchange chromatography, characterized based on protease activity and stability using a peptide substrate, and identified by LC-MS/MS.
Results and conclusions. The strain KB111 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The
molecular mass of its extracellular protease, termed KB-SP, was estimated to be 70 kDa.
The optimal pH and temperature for the activity of this protease were 7 and 50 °C, respectively, while the enzyme exhibited maximal activity in the broad salinity range of 2–4 M NaCl. It was fully stable at an alkaline pH range of 7–11 at 50 °C with a half-life of 90 min. Metal ions such as K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ could enhance the enzyme activity. Therefore, this protease indicates a high potential for the applications in the food and feed industry, as well as the waste management since it can hydrolyse protein at high alkaline pH and salt concentrations. The amino acid profiles of the purified KB-SP determined by LC-MS/MS analysis showed high score matching with the peptidase S8 of B. licheniformis LMG 17339, corresponding to the mature domain of a minor extracellular protease (Vpr). Amino acid sequence alignment and 3D structure modelling of KB-SP showed a conserved catalytic domain, a protease-associated (PA) domain and a C-terminal domain.
Novelty and scientific contribution. A novel extracellular haloprotease from B. licheniformis was purified, characterized and identified. The purified protease was identified as being a minor extracellular protease (Vpr) and this is the first report on the halotolerance of Vpr. This protease has the ability to work in harsh conditions, with a broad alkaline pH and salinity range. Therefore, it can be useful in various applications in industrial fields.
EL TESORO DE ALISEDA EN EL MUSEO ARQUEOLÓGICO NACIONAL: HISTORIA DE SU MUSEOGRAFÍA
Authors: RODERO RIAZA Alicia
Published: January 2022

Desde el año 1920, cuando ingresó el Tesoro de Aliseda en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional, se ha expuesto en las diferentes remodelaciones de la institución.
EL TESORO DE ALISEDA (CÁCERES): UNA RELECTURA
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ Alonso , PAVÓN SOLDEVILA Ignacio , DUQUE ESPINO David M.
Published: January 2022

En el siglo transcurrido desde su hallazgo, el Tesoro de Aliseda ha sido una referencia constante en el desarrollo disciplinar de la protohistoria peninsular. Los estudios sobre estas icónicas alhajas orientalizantes han caracterizado su tecnología, estilos, procedencias, composición, cronología…, así como sus aspectos socioculturales y simbólicos. Cuestiones sin duda esenciales para su valoración his- tórica, pero por desgracia lastradas por su desconocido contexto que, desde 1920 hasta hoy, se ha rela- cionado indistintamente con una tumba, un escondrijo, un santuario y/o el tesoro de la comunidad. A partir del análisis combinado de la documentación recuperada en diferentes archivos y del registro ar- queológico obtenido en el paraje de Las Cortinas, colindante al del Ejido donde apareció el tesoro, se propone la relectura de su contexto, uso y significado.
MUJERES Y HOMBRES DE PRESTIGIO EN LOS TIEMPOS DE ARGANTONIO
Authors: BELÉN DEAMOS María
Published: January 2022

En este trabajo se analiza la problemática historiográfica y arqueológica de las tumbas tartésicas consideradas “principescas” por los exclusivos depósitos fúnebres que contienen. Restos de vestidos de lujo, vajilla metálica, joyas, piezas de marfil y alabastro y, más excepcionalmente, armas de hierro y carros, resaltan la acumulación de bienes de prestigio y de riqueza por un grupo social minoritario que acaparó los beneficios del comercio colonial. Se fechan principalmente a lo largo del siglo VII a.C. y evidencian la adopción por parte de la aristocracia local de una ideología funeraria y una imagen del poder de modelo oriental que prosperó en distintas sociedades del Mediterráneo arcaico. En la parte final se destacan algu- nos ejemplos de sepulturas de mujeres y hombres de prestigio en las necrópolis del suroeste de Andalucía.
Hybrid 3D Convolution and 2D Depthwise Separable Convolution Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: FIRAT Hüseyin , ASKER Mehmet Emin , HANBAY Davut
Published: January 2022

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the popular deep learning methods used to solve the hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) problem. CNN has a strong feature learning ability that can ensure more distinctive features for higher quality HSIC. The traditional CNN-based methods mainly use the 2D CNN for HSIC. However, with 2D CNN, only spatial features are extracted in HSI. Good feature maps cannot be extracted from spectral dimensions with the use of 2D CNN alone. By using 3D CNN, spatial-spectral features are extracted simultaneously. However, 3D CNN is computationally complex. In this study, a hybrid CNN method, which is a combination of 3D CNN and 2D CNN, is improved to solve the two problems described above. Using hybrid CNN decreases the complexity of the method compared to using only 3D CNN and can perform well against a limited number of training samples. On the other hand, in Hybrid CNN, depthwise separable convolution (DSC) is used, which decreases computational cost, prevents overfitting and enables more spatial feature extraction. By adding DSC to the developed hybrid CNN, a hybrid depthwise separable convolutional neural network is obtained. Extensive applications on frequently used HSI benchmark datasets show that the classification performance of the proposed network is better than compared methods.
Assessing autism with DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
Authors: Flores-Rodríguez Yassel , Roldán Ceballos Ofelia , Albores-Gallo Lilia
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) is an observational instrument for assessing autism. It is the most widely used instrument for the diagnosis of autism in Mexico. Objective. To study the psychometric properties in the Mexican population using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Method. This is an observational, cross-sectional study. Participants (N = 137) were 78.8% male, with an age range between 2 and 18 years, mean 8.5. Parents completed the M-CHAT, the ABC, the ADI-R, and semi-structured clinical interviews with DSM-IV. We inferred DSM-5 criteria by selecting atypical sensory items from the ABC. Results. The internal consistency for the total CARS items was α = .88. The concurrent validity of the CARS and the DSM-IV criteria showed a Spearman coefficient of correlation of rs = .62. The convergent validity with the ADI-R showed moderate correlations, rs = .32 to .61, with the DSM-IV k = .33 and DSM-5 k = .36. The concordance with the DSM-IV and DSM-5 was 71% and 84.5%, sensitivity was 58.1% and 46-7%, and specificity 76.6% and 90.5%, respectively. The discriminant analysis showed that the CARS correctly classified 97% of children with autism, 70% with pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and 12.5% with Asperger’s syndrome. Discussion and conclusion. The Mexican version of the CARS is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing autism in Mexican children and adolescents.
Problematic alcohol use in Mexican students: Transmission from parents to children
Authors: Mondragón Gómez Raquel , Medina-Mora Icaza María Elena , Villatoro Velázquez Jorge Ameth , Bustos Gamiño Marycarmen , Tiburcio Sainz Marcela , Lucio Gómez-Maqueo Emilia
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Studies in various countries have shown that adolescents with a history of parental use of alcohol have a greater risk of presenting alcohol problems of their own, including binge drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol, and alcohol dependence. A few studies in Mexico have also found this association, but these have been carried out with non-representative populations. Objective. To examine the association between a history of parental alcohol use and binge drinking, and parental use and possible dependence on alcohol, in a national sample of junior high and high school students in Mexico. Method. A descriptive correlational study was carried out based on a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Student Drug Use (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes, ENCODE), which questioned 114,364 respondents. The association was evaluated with an estimate of prevalence ratios (PR). Results. Students whose mothers or both parents used alcohol had a greater risk for binge drinking (PR [mother] = 2.12, p #abr# .001; PR [both parents] = 2.18, p #abr# .001) and possible alcohol dependence (PR [mother] = 5.43, p #abr# .001; PR [both parents] = 5.14, p #abr# .001). Those whose fathers alone used alcohol had a lower risk for binge drinking (PR = 1.35, p #abr# .001) and for possible dependence (PR = 1.83, p #abr# .001). Discussion and conclusion. This study shows differences in the effects of problematic alcohol use by parents: use by the mother or by both parents implies a greater risk of binge drinking and possible dependence for their children. This finding should be considered in the design of interventions to prevent binge drinking.
Executive functions in children and adolescents with hearing loss: A systematic review of case-control, case series, and cross-sectional studies
Authors: Charry-Sánchez Jesús David , Ramírez-Guerrero Sofía , Vargas-Cuellar María Paula , Romero-Gordillo María Alejandra , Talero-Gutiérrez Claudia
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Children with hearing loss have been reported to perform lower in executive function and language tasks than their normal-hearing peers. Objective. To describe EF performance profile in children and adolescents with hearing loss. Method. Using different databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, we conducted a systematic review of case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case series that evaluated executive function performance in children and adolescents with hearing loss with or without hearing aids, cochlear implants, and/or native sign language, since 2000 until April 2020. Fifteen studies were selected after quality assessment using Critical Appraisal Tools provided by Joanna Briggs Institute. Results. The studies differed in the assessment tools, and the results obtained by different authors were inconsistent. However, these studies revealed that children and adolescents with hearing impairment have lower performance in working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and attention than their normal-hearing peers. Discussion and conclusion. Executive function assessment tools are used indistinctively for both children with and without hearing loss. Consequently, as tools were designed for normal hearing population, results can significantly vary in the population with hearing impairment. Hence, it is important to establish a standardized protocol specifically adapted for this population.
Consequências do Descarte Incorreto de Medicamentos
Authors: Lemes Erick de Oliveira , De Paula Rodrigues Dias Aldineia , De souza Caubir , Leonardo Neres de Barros Cícero , Ricciele Mendes Camargo Makauly
Published: January 2022

As consequências dos medicamentos e seus resíduos ainda não são muito conhecidas, porém existe a preocupação em relação à presença desses na água e os seus possíveis efeitos adversos para a saúde humana, animal e de organismos aquáticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar as consequências do descarte incorreto de medicamentos. Esta investigação foi caracterizada como revisão narrativa, composta por um conjunto de publicações contidas em periódicos, livros-textos, monografias, dissertações e teses. Os resultados obtidos com este estudo demonstraram que os medicamentos representam risco para a saúde por possuírem a capacidade de alterar o estado fisiológico, tornando necessária a correta elaboração de alternativas concretas para o descarte incorreto de medicamentos. Com a realização deste estudo foi possível concluir que para evitar a possível ocorrência do descarte incorreto de medicamentos é necessária a criação de pontos de coleta dos medicamentos para a população realizar o correto descarte dos medicamentos.
 
Palavras-chave: Automedicação. Consequências. População.
 
Abstract
The consequences of medicines and their residues are not  well known yet; however, there is concern about the presence in water and its possible adverse effects on human, animal and aquatic organisms. This study aimed to verify the consequences of incorrect  medications disposal. This investigation was characterized as a narrative review, composed of a set of publications contained in journals, textbooks, monographs, dissertations and theses. The results obtained with this study demonstrated that  drugs represent a health risk because they could change the physiological state, requiring the correct elaboration of concrete alternatives for the incorrect  medicines disposal. Through this study, it was possible to conclude that in order to avoid the possible occurrence of incorrect drug disposal, it is necessary to create drug collection points for the population to perform the correct  medications disposal.
 
Keywords: Self-medication. Consequences. Population.
Autocuidado a Saúde LGBT e sua Percepção em Relação à Atuação dos Profissionais de Saúde
Authors: Lima da Silva Josiele Francine , Martins de Souza Janaina Samantha , Matte Juliana
Published: January 2022

A dificuldade em respeitar e reconhecer as inúmeras formas do exercício da sexualidade e também das diferentes formas de novas composições familiares, do público de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBT) pelo sistema de saúde, fez com que o governo federal implementasse o documento Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais. Após essa ação pública se acredita que essa população específica perceba mudanças no atendimento prestado pela saúde. Dessa forma, o objetivo do artigo foi identificar a percepção da população LGBT quanto ao atendimento que recebem pelos profissionais de saúde e se estão preocupados com o seu autocuidado. Para isso, utilizou-se abordagem quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários às pessoas LGBT.  A coleta de dados foi realizada de forma on-line na ONG LGBT e nas redes sociais, totalizando 61 respondentes. Para a análise de dados, foi realizada a estatística descritiva, bem como o teste de Análise de Variância. Os resultados apontaram que a população LGBT se preocupada com o seu autocuidado e sempre procuram estar informado sobre a sua saúde. Afirma-se que os profissionais possuem conhecimento no cuidado, porém precisam se aperfeiçoar. Conclui-se que os profissionais de saúde necessitam de treinamento para poder estar trabalhando com a população LGBT, para lhes proporcionarem um bom atendimento.
 
Palavras-chave: Pessoas LGBTs. Serviços de Saúde. Identidade de Gênero. Homossexualidade.
 
Abstract
The difficulty  respecting and recognizing the countless forms of the exercise of sexuality and also the different forms of new family compositions, of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite and Transgender (LGBT) public by the health system, led the federal government to implement the document National Policy for Integral Health for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites and Transsexuals. After this public action, it is believed that this specific population perceives changes in the health care provided. Thus, the objective of the article was to identify the perception of the LGBT population regarding the care they receive by health professionals and whether they are concerned with their self-care. To this end, a quantitative approach was used, with the questionnaires application to LGBT people.  Data collection was carried out online at the LGBT NGO and social networks, totaling 61 respondents. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were performed, as well as the Variance Analysis test. The results pointed out that the LGBT population is concerned with their  self-care and always seek to be informed about their  health. It is said that professionals have knowledge in care, but need to improve themselves. It is concluded that health professionals need training to be able to work with the LGBT population, to provide them with good care.
 
Keywords: LGBT people. Health Services. Gender Identity. Homosexuality.
Maternal complications and neonatal outcomes in oligohydramnios
Authors: Rahman Jahanara , Pervin Shahana
Published: January 2022

Background: Oligohydramnios is a condition of abnormally low amniotic fluid volume which is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of oligohydramnios, to observe maternal complications associated with oligohydramnios, to detect neonatal morbidities and mortalities in oligohydramnios.Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the in-patient department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Dhaka national medical college hospital between March 2016 and February 2017.Results: In this study 64 women had oligohydramnios among 1240 pregnant mothers admitted for delivery in obstetrics and gynaecology department and prevalence was 5.2%. Sixty six percent occurrence of oligohydramnios was due to premature rupture of membranes. The mean maternal age was 24.82±3.71 years.  Maternal infections like, Respiratory tract infection (15%), vaginitis (20%), UTI (31%), hyperpyrexia (7%) and maternal systemic illness like, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were also noticed in 7% and 5% of the population. Majority (71%) of the mothers delivered by caesarian section and of them 31.82% was due to foetal distress. Unfavorable neonatal outcome was noticed as low birth weight (LBW) (28%), respiratory depression (32%), perinatal death (14%) and NICU admission (29%). Conclusions: No significant association was found between maternal systemic illness and oligohydramnios. Whereas maternal infection was found as a significant factor leading to PROM related oligohydramnios. Occurrence of caesarian sections and unfavourable neonatal outcomes were found high in oligohydramnios.
Risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria and fetomaternal outcome following treatment in early versus late gestation
Authors: Radhamani Muthusamy , Amudha Paneerselvam , Divya Balasubramanian
Published: January 2022

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) has higher incidence in pregnant than in non-pregnant women and is difficult to diagnose. It is associated with fetomaternal complications like prelabour rupture of membranes, preterm labour, low birth weight and increased perinatal mortality. The aim of this study is to analyse various risk factors and the maternal and fetal outcome following treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in early versus late gestation.Methods: This is a prospective study. The study population comprises all pregnant women attending antenatal clinic for their 1st antenatal visit.Results: Total of 800 antenatal women were enrolled in 2 groups based on gestational age <20 weeks (n=394) and between 28 to 32 weeks (n=406) at the time of their 1st antenatal visit. Incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 13.6% and 84.4% were in the age group of 21-30 years. High prevalence was noted in primigravidae (47.7%) and in lower socioeconomic class (70.9%). Commonest organism isolated was E. coli (42.2%) and most of the organisms were sensitive to gentamycin (89.9%) and cefotaxime (84.4%). Despite treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria, complications like anaemia, gestational hypertension & preterm labour were higher in late detected group than in early detected group.Conclusions: This study shows high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. The chances of developing maternal complications were significantly reduced after antibiotic therapy of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Hence, early screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria need to be incorporated in routine antenatal care.
Effectiveness and safety of intravenous ferric carboxy maltose in anaemic women attending gynecological unit
Authors: R. Bharathi K. , Bhat Pooja
Published: January 2022

Background: Anaemia is a significant problem worldwide, particularly in women. Several intravenous iron preparations are available for the treatment of anaemia. Some of them cause life-threatening anaphylactic reactions while others require multiple small infusions to prevent iron reactions. Ferric carboxy maltose (FCM), a non-dextran intravenous iron, is safe and effective option that can be administered as single high dose without serious adverse effects.Methods: A prospective study was undertaken in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Adichunchungiri institute of medical sciences, B G Nagara, from August 2020 to November 2021 in which 50 cases with iron deficiency anaemia were enrolled. IV FCM 1g was given. Change in the laboratory parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular value, serum ferritin levels over a 4 weeks period were observed.Results: A significant increase in mean Hb from 8.14 to 11.71 g was observed in patients treated with FCM after 4 weeks of therapy. Majority belonged to age group of 21-30 years and moderate type of anaemia was most common. No serious drug reaction was reported.Conclusions: IV FCM is safe and effective option for improving Hb in iron deficiency anaemia, in terms of restoring iron stores in short duration of time as well as patient compliance.