bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZnO – Materials Science from Research to Electronic Applications
Authors: Lashkarev George , Karpyna Vitalii
Published: September 2014

The following section contains invited and contri‐ buted papers presented at Symposium K “ZnO – Material science from research to electronic applications” of EMRS Fall Meeting held in Warsaw, Poland, September 16–20, 2013. The symposium was organized by the principal organizer George Lashkarev (Institute for Problems of Material Science, Ukraine) and four co‐organizers: Robert Triboulet (CNRS/GEMAC, Univ. of Versailles, France), Robert Kudra‐wiec (Institute of Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland), Serhii Trushkin (Institute of Physics PAS, Poland) and Rositza Yakimova (Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Sweden). Symposium K gathered 82 participants from 28 countries with 10 invited talks, 25 oral presentations and 42 posters.

The symposium was focused on the fundamental understanding of growth processes of ZnO films and structures, the role of point defects and impurities, electrical and optical properties and priority applications of ZnO in electronics and optoelectronics. The main idea of Symposium K was to narrow the evident gap between the research groundwork on ZnO and its possible industrial introduction. We consider this symposium as the next turn in the direction of wide applications of ZnO in the future.

We take this opportunity to thank the colleagues who acted as scientific committee members and program committee members as well as the presenters who submitted a manuscript for publication and referees who ensured the scientific quality of the proceedings.
Writing Silica Structures in Liquid with Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: van de Put Marcel W. P. , Carcouët Camille C. M. C. , Bomans Paul H. H. , Friedrich Heiner , de Jonge Niels , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M.
Published: September 2014

Silica nanoparticles are imaged in solution with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using a liquid cell with silicon nitride (SiN) membrane windows. The STEM images reveal that silica structures are deposited in well‐defined patches on the upper SiN membranes upon electron beam irradiation. The thickness of the deposits is linear with the applied electron dose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate that the deposited patches are a result of the merging of the original 20 nm‐diameter nanoparticles, and that the related surface roughness depends on the electron dose rate used. Using this approach, sub‐micrometer scale structures are written on the SiN in liquid by controlling the electron exposure as function of the lateral position.
Integrative analysis of cancer imaging readouts by networks
Authors: Dominietto Marco , Tsinoremas Nicholas , Capobianco Enrico
Published: September 2014

Cancer is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease. The corresponding complexity appears at multiple levels: from the molecular and the cellular constitution to the macroscopic phenotype, and at the diagnostic and therapeutic management stages. The overall complexity can be approximated to a certain extent, e.g. characterized by a set of quantitative phenotypic observables recorded in time‐space resolved dimensions by using multimodal imaging approaches. The transition from measures to data can be made effective through various computational inference methods, including networks, which are inherently capable of mapping variables and data to node‐ and/or edge‐valued topological properties, dynamic modularity configurations, and functional motifs. We illustrate how networks can integrate imaging data to explain cancer complexity, and assess potential pre‐clinical and clinical impact.
Development of a Risk‐Screening Tool for Cancer Survivors to Participate in Unsupervised Moderate‐ to Vigorous‐Intensity Exercise: Results From a Survey Study
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Ko Emily M. , Schmitz Kathryn H.
Published: September 2014

Background

The health benefits of exercise increase in dose‐response fashion among cancer survivors. However, it is unclear how to identify cancer survivors who may require a pre‐exercise evaluation before they progress from the common recommendation of walking to unsupervised moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise.

Objective

To clarify how to identify cancer survivors who should undergo a pre‐exercise evaluation before they progress from the common recommendation of walking to unsupervised moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise.

Design

Electronic survey.

Participants

Forty‐seven (n = 47) experts in the field of exercise physiology, rehabilitation medicine, and cancer survivorship.

Setting

Not applicable.

Methods

We synthesized peer‐reviewed guidelines for exercise and cancer survivorship and identified 82 health factors that may warrant a pre‐exercise evaluation before a survivor engages in unsupervised moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise. The 82 health factors were classified into 3 domains: (1) clinical health factors; (2) comorbidity and device health factors; and (3) medications. We surveyed a sample of experts asking them to identify which of the 82 health factors among cancer survivors would indicate the need for a pre‐exercise evaluation before they engaged in moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise.

Main Outcome Measurements

The response rate to our survey was 75% (n = 47). Across the 3 domains of health factors, acute symptoms, comorbidities, and medications related to cardiovascular disease were agreed on to indicate a pre‐exercise evaluation for survivors before they engaged in unsupervised moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise. Other health factors in the survey included hematologic, musculoskeletal, systemic, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and neurological symptoms and comorbidities. Eighteen experts (38%) said it was difficult to provide absolute answers because no 2 patients are alike, and their decisions are made on a case‐by‐case basis.

Conclusions

The results from this expert survey will help to identify which cancer survivors should undergo a pre‐exercise evaluation before they engage in unsupervised moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise.
Relationship Between Physical Activity, Knee Muscle Strength, and Gait Performance in Persons With Late Effects of Polio
Authors: Winberg Cecilia , Flansbjer Ulla‐Britt , Rimmer James H. , Lexell Jan
Published: September 2014

Objective

To examine the relationship between physical activity (assessed subjectively and objectively), knee muscle strength, gait performance, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) in persons with late effects of polio.

Design

Cross‐sectional.

Setting

A university hospital outpatient clinic.

Participants

Seventy‐seven community‐dwelling ambulant persons with late effects of polio (42 men and 35 women; mean age 67 years [standard deviation 6, range 54‐80]).

Main Outcome Measures

Physical activity was described by the Physical Activity and Disability Survey and by a pedometer (number of steps/day). Isokinetic concentric knee extensor and flexor muscle strength was measured at 60°/s. Gait performance was assessed by the Timed “Up and Go” test, the Comfortable Gait Speed and Fast Gait Speed tests, and the 6‐Minute Walk test.

Results

The Physical Activity and Disability Survey leisure subscale was significantly correlated with all knee muscle strength measurements (P < .01), the Comfortable Gait Speed test (P < .05), and the 6‐Minute Walk test (P < .05), and the number of steps per day was significantly correlated with all knee muscle strength measurements and all gait performance tests (P < .01). In the linear regression analyses, knee muscle strength and gait performance explained 1% to 8% of the variance in the leisure subscale, and when the personal attributes (age, gender, and BMI) were added, they explained up to 14% of the variance. Knee muscle strength explained 16% and gait performance explained 15% to 31% of the variance in the number of steps per day, and when personal attributes (age, gender, and BMI) were added, they contributed at most an additional 3% of the variance.

Conclusions

In ambulatory persons with late effects of polio, knee muscle strength and gait performance explain only a small portion of physical activity. Further studies are needed to increase our understanding of how other impairments, activity limitations, environmental factors, and personal factors are associated with physical activity in persons with late effects of polio.
The Origins of Voluntary Compliance: Attitudes toward Taxation in Urban Nigeria
Authors: Bodea Cristina , LeBas Adrienne
Published: September 2014

Voluntary compliance is an important aspect of strong tax regimes, but there is limited understanding of how social norms favoring compliance emerge. Using novel data from urban Nigeria, where tax enforcement is weak, this article shows that individuals with a positive experience of state services delivery are more likely to express belief in an unconditioned citizen obligation to pay tax. In addition to support for this fiscal exchange mechanism, social context is consequential. Where individuals have access to community-provided goods, which may substitute for effective state services provision, they are less likely to adopt pro-compliance norms. Finally, the article shows that norm adoption increases tax payment. These findings have broad implications for literatures on state formation, taxation and public goods provision.
Flow structure formation in an ion-unmagnetized plasma: The HYPER-II experiments
Authors: Terasaka K. , Tanaka M. Y. , Yoshimura S. , Aramaki M. , Sakamoto Y. , Kawazu F. , Furuta K. , Takatsuka N. , Masuda M. , Nakano R.
Published: September 2014

The HYPER-II device has been constructed in Kyushu University to investigate the flow structure formation in an ion-unmagnetized plasma, which is an intermediate state of plasma and consists of unmagnetized ions and magnetized electrons. High density plasmas are produced by electron cyclotron resonance heating, and the flow field structure in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is investigated with a directional Langmuir probe method and a laser-induced fluorescence method. The experimental setup has been completed and the diagnostic systems have been installed to start the experiments. A set of coaxial electrodes will be introduced to control the azimuthal plasma rotation, and the effect of plasma rotation to generation of rectilinear flow structure will be studied. The HYPER-II experiments will clarify the overall flow structure in the inhomogeneous magnetic field and contribute to understanding characteristic feature of the intermediate state of plasma.
Stationary distribution functions for ohmic Tokamak-plasmas in the weak-collisional transport regime by MaxEnt principle
Authors: Sonnino Giorgio , Peeters Philippe , Sonnino Alberto , Nardone Pasquale , Steinbrecher György
Published: September 2014

In previous works, we derived stationary density distribution functions (DDF) where the local equilibrium is determined by imposing the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle, under the scale invariance restrictions, and the minimum entropy production theorem. In this paper we demonstrate that it is possible to reobtain these DDF solely from the MaxEnt principle subject to suitable scale invariant restrictions in all the variables. For the sake of concreteness, we analyse the example of ohmic, fully ionized, tokamak-plasmas, in the weak-collisional transport regime. In this case we show that it is possible to reinterpret the stationary distribution function in terms of the Prigogine distribution function where the logarithm of the DDF is directly linked to the entropy production of the plasma. This leads to the suggestive idea that also the stationary neoclassical distribution functions, for magnetically confined plasmas in the collisional transport regimes, may be derived solely by the MaxEnt principle.
‘The Twelve Tribes in the Diaspora’ (James 1.1)
Authors: Marcus Joel
Published: September 2014

Dale Allison is right to assert that ‘the twelve tribes in the Diaspora’ invokes Jewish ideas about the Ten Lost Tribes, but wrong to disassociate this thesis from the scholarly consensus that the pseudepigraphal author sees the church as Israel. For James, rather, the restored Israel consists of members of the Two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin (= Jewish Christians) plus members of the Ten Tribes. The latter, rather than being far away in some mythical, inaccessible realm, have been living since the Assyrian invasion in known Diaspora realms, where they lost their Israelite identity until it was reawakened by their recent encounter with the Gospel. Gentiles who respond positively to the Christian message, then,arefor James the Ten Lost Tribes.
The Resurrection of Jesus in the Pre-Pauline Formula of 1 Cor 15.3–5
Authors: Ware James
Published: September 2014

The present essay offers a fresh contribution to the long-standing debate regarding the nature of the resurrection of Christ within the pre-Pauline formula of 1 Cor 15.3–5. The article first provides an analysis of the current state of the discussion, offering new observations and lines of evidence which suggest that a number of common arguments on both sides of the debate are lacking or inconclusive. The essay then offers a new proposal regarding the verb used within the formula for the resurrection event. The article presents previously neglected evidence significant for the debate regarding Jesus' resurrection within this primitive confession.
A CLOSED-FORM PRICING FORMULA FOR VARIANCE SWAPS WITH MEAN-REVERTING GAUSSIAN VOLATILITY
Authors: ZHANG LI-WEI
Published: September 2014

Although variance swaps have become an important financial derivative to hedge against volatility risks, closed-form formulae have been developed only recently, when the realized variance is defined on discrete sample points and no continuous approximation is adopted to alleviate the mathematical difficulties associated with dealing with the discreteness of the sample data. In this paper, a new closed-form pricing formula for the value of a discretely sampled variance swap is presented under the assumption that the underlying asset prices can be described by a mean-reverting Gaussian volatility model. With the newly found analytical formula, not only can all the hedging ratios of a variance swap be analytically derived, the numerical values of the swap price can be efficiently computed as well.
MOTION OF A SLIP SPHERE IN A NONCONCENTRIC FICTITIOUS SPHERICAL ENVELOPE OF MICROPOLAR FLUID
Authors: SAAD E. I.
Published: September 2014

Stokes’ axisymmetrical translational motion of a slip sphere, located anywhere on the diameter of a virtual spherical fluid ‘cell’, is investigated. The fluid is micropolar and flows are parallel to the line connecting the two centres. An infinite-series solution is presented for the stream function, pressure field, vorticity, microrotation component, shear stress and couple stress of the flow. Basset-type slip boundary conditions on the sphere surface are used for velocity and microrotation. The Happel and Kuwabara boundary conditions are used on the fictitious surface of the cell model. Numerical results for the normalized drag force acting on the sphere are obtained with excellent convergence for various values of the volume fraction, the relative distance between the centre of the sphere and the virtual envelope, the vortex viscosity parameter and the slip coefficients of the sphere. In the special case when the spherical particle is in the concentric position with the cell surface, the numerical values of the normalized drag force agree with the available values in the literature.
EFFECTS OF TIME DELAY ON THE DYNAMICS OF A KINETIC MODEL OF A MICROBIAL FERMENTATION PROCESS
Authors: KASBAWATI  , GUNAWAN A. Y. , HERTADI R. , SIDARTO K. A.
Published: September 2014

We examine the dynamics of fermentation process in a yeast cell. Our investigation focuses on the main branch pathway: pyruvate and acetaldehyde branch points. We formulate the kinetics for all enzymatic reactions as Michaelis–Menten models. Since the activity of an enzyme mainly depends on the conformational changes of the enzyme structure, the enzyme requires a certain period of time to reset its structure, until it is ready to bind substrates again. For this situation, a rate-limiting step exists, for which the catalytic process suffers a delay. Since all conversion processes are catalysed by enzymes, each reaction can experience a delay at a different time. To investigate how the delay affects the reaction processes, especially at the branch points, we propose that the rate-limiting step takes place at the first reaction. For this reason, a discrete time delay is introduced to the first kinetic model. We find a bifurcation diagram for the delay that depends on the rate of glucose supply and kinetic parameters of the first enzyme. By comparison, our analysis agrees with the numerical solution. Our numerical simulations also show that there is a certain glucose supply that may optimize ethanol production.
Analysis and design of a 3.5-GHz patch antenna for WiMAX applications
Authors: Cirik Funda , Yildirim Bahadir Süleyman
Published: September 2014

A high-gain microstrip patch-type WiMAX antenna operating at 3.5 GHz has been designed with a parasitic radiator and a raised ground plane. Antenna design has been carried out through extensive three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations. The patch antenna itself provides a realized gain of about 3.6 dB at 3.5 GHz. When a parasitic radiator is placed on top of the patch antenna, the gain increases from about 3.6 dB to about 7.4 dB. The raised ground plane further enhances the gain by about 1.5 dB. Hence the overall gain improvement is about 5.3 dB without the need of a radio-frequency amplifier.
The media campaign on the DSM-5: recurring comments and lessons for the future of diagnosis in psychiatric practice
Authors: Maj M.
Published: September 2014

Recurring arguments in the media campaign preceding and following the publication of the DSM-5 have been that the manual, referred to as ‘the bible of psychiatry’, mislabels many people who are basically normal, and that the diagnostic categories it contains are invalid, not being based on laboratory tests. We present data on the use of the DSM worldwide, and discuss the need to assess systematically the pros and cons of operational and prototype approaches to psychiatric diagnosis. We consider different views about what qualifies as mental disorder and how the boundary between pathology and normality should be fixed. We review the role of laboratory tests as applied in medicine, emphasising that most of them are probabilistic, not pathognomonic, markers of disease. We finally summarise the promise and limitations of the Research Domain Criteria project, aiming to ‘transform psychiatric diagnosis’ by replacing descriptive psychopathology with behavioural and neurobiological measures.
Lactate Shuttling and Lactate use as Fuel after Traumatic Brain Injury: Metabolic Considerations
Authors: Dienel Gerald A
Published: September 2014

Lactate is proposed to be generated by astrocytes during glutamatergic neurotransmission and shuttled to neurons as ‘preferred’ oxidative fuel. However, a large body of evidence demonstrates that metabolic changes during activation of living brain disprove essential components of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle model. For example, some glutamate is oxidized to generate ATP after its uptake into astrocytes and neuronal glucose phosphorylation rises during activation and provides pyruvate for oxidation. Extension of the notion that lactate is a preferential fuel into the traumatic brain injury (TBI) field has important clinical implications, and the concept must, therefore, be carefully evaluated before implementation into patient care. Microdialysis studies in TBI patients demonstrate that lactate and pyruvate levels and lactate/pyruvate ratios, along with other data, have important diagnostic value to distinguish between ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results show that lactate release from human brain to blood predominates over its uptake after TBI, and strong evidence for lactate metabolism is lacking; mitochondrial dysfunction may inhibit lactate oxidation. Claims that exogenous lactate infusion is energetically beneficial for TBI patients are not based on metabolic assays and data are incorrectly interpreted.
Raman scattering and plasmonic photocatalysis of single particles of NaYF4:Yb,Er@Ag under near-infrared laser excitation
Authors: Ma Yongmei , Liu Honglin , Han Zhenzhen , Yang Liangbao , Sun Bai , Liu Jinhuai
Published: September 2014

Upconversion material-noble metal composites initiate greatly improved Raman scattering and plasmon photocatalysis, promising a novel direction for fabricating SERS-active nanostructures.
Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4/graphene quantum dots nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction: application to determination of bisphenol A in water samples
Authors: Mohammad-Rezaei Rahim , Razmi Habib , Abdollahi Vahideh , Matin Amir Abbas
Published: September 2014

This study describes the preparation, characterization and application of Fe3O4/graphene quantum dots nanocomposite as a novel adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction.
Residual metallic impurities within carbon nanotubes play a dominant role in supposedly “metal-free” oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Wang Lu , Pumera Martin
Published: September 2014

ORR electrocatalysis on the supposedly metal-free carbon nanotubes is in fact due to the presence of residual metallic impurities within.
Synthesis and vibrational spectroscopy of57Fe-labeled models of [NiFe] hydrogenase: first direct observation of a nickel–iron interaction
Authors: Schilter David , Pelmenschikov Vladimir , Wang Hongxin , Meier Florian , Gee Leland B. , Yoda Yoshitaka , Kaupp Martin , Rauchfuss Thomas B. , Cramer Stephen P.
Published: September 2014

Isotopically labelled Ni57Fe models of the [NiFe] hydrogenase active site have been prepared and studied with nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy, enabling direct characterization of metal–metal bonding.
A cost-effective pH-sensitive release system for water source pH detection
Authors: Zheng Zhaoliang , Huang Xing , Shchukin Dmitry
Published: September 2014

A facile and cost-effective strategy has been developed to form basic cobalt carbonate nanovalves at the orifice of mesoporous nanocontainers, which facilitate the pH sensitive release of functional cargo for up-scaling towards applications in water source pH detection.
The crosslink enhanced emission (CEE) in non-conjugated polymer dots: from the photoluminescence mechanism to the cellular uptake mechanism and internalization
Authors: Zhu Shoujun , Wang Lei , Zhou Nan , Zhao Xiaohuan , Song Yubin , Maharjan Suraj , Zhang Junhu , Lu Laijin , Wang Haiyu , Yang Bai
Published: September 2014

The crosslink enhanced emission (CEE) in a new type of non-conjugated polymer dots (PDs) is reported.
A bimodal anionic MOF: turn-off sensing of CuII and specific sensitization of EuIII
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sohini , Chakraborty Anindita , Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Hazra Arpan , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: September 2014

A bimodal anionic MOF is reported which acts as a turn-off CuII sensor as well as a specific EuIII sensitizer via cation exchange.
Enantioselective protonation of α-hetero carboxylic acid-derived ketene disilyl acetals under chiral ionic Brønsted acid catalysis
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Kizu Tomohito , Ohira Yuki , Ooi Takashi
Published: September 2014

P-Spiro chiral diaminodioxaphosphonium ion discriminates the enantiofaces of α-halo and alkoxy carboxylic acid-derived ketene disilyl acetals by the recognition of the electronic difference between two substituents of the ketene disilyl acetal in the proton-transfer event.
Facile synthesis of a genuinely alkane-soluble but isolable lithium hydride transfer reagent
Authors: Robertson Stuart D. , Kennedy Alan R. , Liggat John J. , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: September 2014

1-Lithio-2-alkyl-1,2-dihydropyridines, easily formed from addition of (n- or t-)BuLi to pyridine, have been compared; the steric bulk of the branched alkyl substituent enforces lesser oligomerization, thus enhancing alkane solubility making it an amenable, convenient lithium hydride transfer reagent in non-polar, aliphatic media.
A new 3D four-fold interpenetrated dia-like polymer: gas sorption and computational analyses
Authors: Wu Jian , Liu Jian-Qiang , Jia Zhen-Bin , Li Qing-Lin , Li Kai-Bang , Li Hao , Daiguebonne Carole , Calvez Guillaume , Guillou Olivier
Published: September 2014

In this work, we present a four-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with a dia-like topology. The luminescence properties of sample 1 and dehydrated sample 1′ were also explored.
Charge transfer properties of two polymorphs of luminescent (2-fluoro-3-pyridyl)(2,2′-biphenyl)borinic 8-oxyquinolinate
Authors: Wesela-Bauman Grzegorz , Luliński Sergiusz , Serwatowski Janusz , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

First example of polymorphism and its impact on the charge transport properties of a model borinic quinolinate system.
Superhydrophobic Ag nanostructures on polyaniline membranes with strong SERS enhancement
Authors: Liu Weiyu , Miao Peng , Xiong Lu , Du Yunchen , Han Xijiang , Xu Ping
Published: September 2014

The superhydrophobic SERS substrate based on Ag nanostructures with high signal reproducibility and promising SERS performance.
Electron spin-polarization and spin lattices in the boron- and nitrogen-doped organic framework COF-5
Authors: Liu Xiaobiao , Tan Jie , Wang Aizhu , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhao Mingwen
Published: September 2014

Kagome spin lattice and half-metallicity can be achieved in a COF-5 framework by substitutional doping with nitrogen and boron atoms.
Photocontrol of luminescent inorganic nanocrystals via an organic molecular switch
Authors: Massaad J. , Coppel Y. , Sliwa M. , Kahn M. L. , Coudret C. , Gauffre F.
Published: September 2014

The photoluminescence of ZnO nanocrystals is reversibly modulated via a diarylethene photoswitch, and the photophysics mechanism was unraveled.
Poly(aryleneethynylene)s (PAE) as paradigmatic sensor cores
Authors: Bunz Uwe H. F. , Seehafer Kai , Bender Markus , Porz Michael
Published: September 2014

What you need to know about poly(aryleneethynylene)s as sensory materials. A tutorial of fundamental properties and new developments since 2009.
On the coordination chemistry of organochalcogenolates RNMe2^E− and RNMe2^E^O− (E = S, Se) onto lead(ii) and lighter divalent tetrel elements
Authors: Pop Alexandra , Wang Lingfang , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Carpentier Jean-François , Silvestru Anca , Sarazin Yann
Published: September 2014

The coordination chemistry of organochalcogenolato ligands containing hard (N, O) and soft (S, Se) atoms onto divalent Ge, Sn and Pb is explored.
Synthesis and structures of doubly-bridged dicyclopentadienyl dinuclear rhenium complexes, and their photochemical reactions with aromatic halides in benzene
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Huang Xinwei , Hao Xiaoting
Published: September 2014

Photolysis of doubly-bridged biscyclopentadienyl dirhenium carbonyl complexestrans-2a,bwith aryl halides in benzene results in the formation of biphenyl stoichiometrically.
Upgrading biomass pyrolysis vapors over β-zeolites: role of silica-to-alumina ratio
Authors: Mukarakate Calvin , Watson Michael J. , ten Dam Jeroen , Baucherel Xavier , Budhi Sridhar , Yung Matthew M. , Ben Haoxi , Iisa Kristiina , Baldwin Robert M. , Nimlos Mark R.
Published: September 2014

This study investigates the role of β-zeolite acid site density on hydrocarbon and coke yields.
Graphitic carbon nitride based nanocomposites: a review
Authors: Zhao Zaiwang , Sun Yanjuan , Dong Fan
Published: September 2014

This review summarizes recent advances in the design, synthesis, mechanistic understanding and multifunctional applications of g-C3N4based heterojunctions/heterostructures.
Torsion sensors of high sensitivity and wide dynamic range based on a graphene woven structure
Authors: Yang Tingting , Wang Yan , Li Xinming , Zhang Yangyang , Li Xiao , Wang Kunlin , Wu Dehai , Jin Hu , Li Zhihong , Zhu Hongwei
Published: September 2014

Torsion-sensing material consisting of pre-strained graphene woven fabrics demonstrates engineered high sensitivity and wide dynamic range.
Nanoelectronic circuits based on two-dimensional atomic layer crystals
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Zhong Zhaohui
Published: September 2014

This article reviews the progress and the prospect of analog and digital circuits based on 2D atomic layer crystals that go beyond the single-transistor level studies.
Optical and magneto-optical properties of gold core cobalt shell magnetoplasmonic nanowire arrays
Authors: Toal B. , McMillen M. , Murphy A. , Hendren W. , Arredondo M. , Pollard R.
Published: September 2014

In this work we present core–shell nanowire arrays of gold coated with a nanometric layer of cobalt.
A novel strategy to synthesize hierarchical, porous carbohydrate-derived carbon with tunable properties
Authors: Wang Shiping , Liu Ruihan , Han Chuanlong , Wang Jing , Li Mingming , Yao Jia , Li Haoran , Wang Yong
Published: September 2014

Hierarchical porous carbons were controllably synthesized from renewable fructose by introducing the solubilising technology of micelles into the hydrothermal carbonization.
A self-powered kinesin-microtubule system for smart cargo delivery
Authors: Jia Yi , Dong Weiguang , Feng Xiyun , Li Jieling , Li Junbai
Published: September 2014

A smart self-powered cargo delivery system that is composed of creatine phosphate kinase (CPK) microspheres, kinesins and microtubules is demonstrated.
Experimental and theoretical investigations in stimuli responsive dendrimer-based assemblies
Authors: Molla Mijanur Rahaman , Rangadurai Poornima , Pavan Giovanni M. , Thayumanavan S.
Published: September 2014

Stimuli-responsive macromolecular assemblies are of great interest in drug delivery applications, as it holds the promise to keep the drug molecules sequestered under one set of conditions and release them under another.
A 3-D multicellular tumor spheroid on ultrathin matrix coated single cancer cells provides a tumor microenvironment model to study epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions
Authors: Wang Guobao , Zhao Tingting , Song Xiaoping , Zhong Wen , Yu Lei , Hua Wenxi , Xing Malcolm M. Q. , Qiu Xiaozhong
Published: September 2014

We report a 3D tumor spheroid model to study epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) using ultra-thin matrix coated single cancer cells.
Surface morphology of electrospun PLA fibers: mechanisms of pore formation
Authors: Natarajan Lakshmi , New Jackie , Dasari Aravind , Yu Suzhu , Manan Munirah Abdul
Published: September 2014

Interaction of relative humidity with solvent(s) is relatively more important in obtaining surface pores than solvent volatility and phase separation.
Interpenetrating network V2O5 nanosheets/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for fast lithium storage
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Zhu Quanyao , Huang Shengnan , Jiang Shanshan , Lu Shan , Chen Wen , Zakharova Galina S.
Published: September 2014

An interpenetrating V2O5 nanosheets/CNTs nanocomposite was fabricated by a freeze-drying method. The nanocomposite has excellent electrochemical properties for fast lithium storage.
Correlation between hardness and bond orientation of vanadium borides
Authors: Pan Y. , Lin Y. H. , Guo J. M. , Wen M.
Published: September 2014

The relationship between hardness and bond characteristic of vanadium borides was investigated by first-principles approach.
Small molecule probes that perturb a protein–protein interface in antithrombin
Authors: Xin Dongyue , Holzenburg Andreas , Burgess Kevin
Published: September 2014

Small molecule probes for perturbing protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in vitro can be useful if they cause the target proteins to undergo biomedically relevant changes to their tertiary and quaternary structures.
Mechanistic studies on covalent assemblies of metal-mediated hemi-aminal ethers
Authors: Jo Hyun Hwa , Edupuganti Ramakrishna , You Lei , Dalby Kevin N. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: September 2014

The use of reversible covalent bonding in a four-component assembly incorporating chiral alcohols was recently reported to give a method for determining the enantiomeric excess of the alcoholsviaCD spectroscopy.
The impact of cellulose nanocrystals on the aggregation and initial adhesion of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Lu Qingye , Boluk Yaman , Liu Yang
Published: September 2014

Deposition on silica surfaces of twoPseudomonas fluorescensstrains (CHA0 and CHA19-WS) having different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing capacities was studied in the absence and presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).
Ultrasound-induced controllable morphology and growth dimension in a dihydrazide-based self-assembly system
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ding Hao , Wu Yangfang , Zhang Chunxue , Bai Binglian , Wang Haitao , Li Min
Published: September 2014

Different morphologies from fiber structures to nanoparticles can be manipulated by different ultrasound treatments.
Controllable wettability and adhesion on bioinspired multifunctional TiO2 nanostructure surfaces for liquid manipulation
Authors: Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun , Wang Luning , Li Shuhui , Ge Mingzheng , Zhang Keqin , Fuchs Harald , Chi Lifeng
Published: September 2014

Adhesive forces on a superhydrophobic nanostructure surface may be tailored with extremely high contrast (2.5–170 μN) by modifying structural morphology to manipulate the solid–liquid contact state.
3D-printed magnetic Fe3O4/MBG/PCL composite scaffolds with multifunctionality of bone regeneration, local anticancer drug delivery and hyperthermia
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Zhao Shichang , Zhu Min , Zhu Yufang , Zhang Yadong , Liu Zhongtang , Zhang Changqing
Published: September 2014

The 3D-printed Fe3O4/MBG/PCL scaffolds with potential multifunctionality would be promising for use in the treatment and regeneration of large bone defects after tumor resection.
Cascade of forests for face alignment
Authors: Yang Heng , Zou Changqing , Patras Ioannis
Published: September 2014

In this study, we propose a regression forests‐based cascaded method for face alignment. We build on the cascaded pose regression (CPR) framework and propose to use the regression forest as a primitive regressor. The regression forests are easier to train and naturally handle the over‐fitting problem via averaging the outputs of the trees at each stage. We address the fact that the CPR approaches are sensitive to the shape initialisation; in contrast to using a number of blind initialisations and selecting the median values, we propose an intelligent shape initialisation scheme. More specifically, a large number of initialisations are propagated to a few early stages in the cascade, then only a proportion of them are propagated to the remaining cascades according to their convergence measurement. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on the challenging face alignment in the wild database and obtain superior or comparable performance with the state‐of‐the‐art, in spite of the fact that we have utilised only the freely available public training images. More importantly, we show that the intelligent initialisation scheme makes the CPR framework more robust to unreliable initialisations that are typically produced by different face detections.
Field of a short dipole above a dielectric half‐space with rough interface
Authors: Chiu Tsenchieh , Sarabandi Kamal
Published: September 2014

The accurate prediction of radiowave coverage at high frequency‐ultra high frequency over irregular terrain features is of importance in the design and development of low‐cost and low‐power communication systems. This study studies the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation, excited by a short dipole, above a dielectric ground plane with an arbitrary dielectric profile and an irregular interface. This investigation is a natural extension of the classical Sommerfeld problem with the exception of the random surface irregularities at the interface between the two dielectric media. It is assumed that the interface profile height variations are small compared with the wavelength. First, the bistatic scattering of a plane wave illuminating the rough surface is solved using a perturbation solution of an integral equation for the induced polarisation current. Analytical expressions for the coherent field and incoherent scattered power at an arbitrary observation point are obtained. Then, the solutions for the coherent and incoherent scattered power generated by a small dipole of arbitrary orientation and position are derived by expanding the field of the dipole in terms of a continuous spectrum of plane waves and using superposition. The effects of the rough interface on the surface waves and on depolarisation are studied.
Sensitivity reduction of unscented Kalman filter about parameter uncertainties
Authors: Shen Haijun , Karlgaard Christopher D.
Published: September 2014

This study aims to reduce the sensitivity of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) estimates with respect to uncertain model parameters, leading to a more robust UKF. The standard minimum‐variance cost index is augmented to include a penalty on the sensitivities of the state estimates about parameter uncertainties in the form of a weighted norm. A new filter gain is thus obtained, and the desensitised UKF (DUKF) provides better estimation of the true states than the standard UKF with an imperfect plant model. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the efficacy of the DUKF.
Experimental verification of maritime target parameter evaluation in forward scatter maritime radar
Authors: Kabakchiev Hristo , Behar Vera , Garvanov Ivan , Kabakchieva Dorina , Daniel Liam , Kabakchiev Kalin , Gashinova Marina , Cherniakov Mikhail
Published: September 2014

Maritime security is related to national economic and political interests and is strategically important. One efficient way to accomplish maritime border protection is to use the netted forward scatter radar (FSR). FSR is a special type of bistatic radar that operates in a relatively narrow scattering area along the transmitter–receiver baseline, where the effect of the electromagnetic waves forward scattering on targets is dominant above other scattering mechanisms, and in this case, a forward scatter (FS) cross section may increase by orders of magnitude in comparison with the monostatic radar cross section (RCS). Considered in this study are the major problems of marine forward scattering radar detection and estimation of length of low‐profile (small and slow) marine targets using a pre‐processing approach. It is based on the assumption that the variation of the phase and amplitude in the Doppler signal signature is stronger inside the FS zone than in an outside region. Two variants of pre‐processing algorithms are presented in the study, one for the envelope and the other for the phase. Both variants are based on the use the local variance filtering. The results obtained prove the sufficient improvement in a signal‐to‐clutter ratio (SCR). Estimation of the marine target length under the low SCR is designed using the assumption of known or previously estimated velocity. Presented results demonstrate high accuracy of length estimation. Considered steps of targets detection and target attributes evaluations are necessary for maritime targets classification. The designed algorithms are verified using a set of experimental records of signals from different marine targets obtained using marine FSR developed by the teams from University of Birmingham, UK and Sofia University, Bulgaria.
Mathematical analyses of pulse interference signal on post‐correlation carrier‐to‐noise ratio for the global positioning system receivers
Authors: Bek Mohammad K. , Shaheen Ehab M. , Elgamel Sherif A.
Published: September 2014

Vulnerability of global positioning system (GPS) receiver to interference signals is one of the major issues of many applications, as the satellite navigation signal has a very low power under the noise floor level. To this end, pulse interference (PUI) may cause severe performance degradation to the GPS receivers. This study analyses the PUI effect on the GPS receiver correlator output. Novel and more accurate closed‐form analytical expressions are derived for the PUI power at the correlator output. The post‐correlation carrier‐to‐noise ratio for the GPS L1 coarse acquisition (C/A) signal is analytically derived in the presence of PUI and additive white Gaussian noise. In order to simplify the derived analytical expressions, a classification is done depending on the relationship between the C/A code spectrum and the PUI spectrum. Several PUI parameters were varied such as interference frequency, pulse period and duty cycle to investigate the influence of these parameters on the GPS correlator output.
Analysis of behaviour transitions in tumour growth using a cellular automaton simulation
Authors: Santos José , Monteagudo Ángel
Published: September 2014

The authors used computational biology as an approach for analysing the emergent dynamics of tumour growth at cellular level. They applied cellular automata for modelling the behaviour of cells when the main cancer cell hallmarks are present. Their model is oriented to mimic the development of multicellular spheroids of tumour cells. In their modelling, cells have a genome associated with the different cancer hallmarks, indicating if those are acquired as a consequence of mutations. The presence of the cancer hallmarks defines cell states and cell mitotic behaviours. These hallmarks are associated with a series of parameters, and depending on their values and the activation of the hallmarks in each of the cells, the system can evolve to different dynamics. With the simulation tool the authors performed an analysis of the first phases of cancer growth, using different and alternative strategies: firstly, studying the evolution of cancer cells and hallmarks in different representative situations regarding initial conditions and parameters, analysing the relative importance of the hallmarks for tumour progression; secondly, being the focus of this work, inspecting the behaviour transitions when the cancer cells are killed with a given probability during the cellular system progression.
Stability of the hcp Ruthenium at high pressures from first principles
Authors: Lugovskoy A. V. , Belov M. P. , Krasilnikov O. M. , Vekilov Yu. Kh
Published: September 2014

The method of calculation of the elastic constants up to third order from the energy-strain relation under pressure for the hcp crystals is given and described in details. The method is applied to the hcp phase of Ruthenium. Elastic constants, lattice dynamics, and electronic structure are investigated in the pressure interval of 0–600 GPa by means of first principles calculations. The obtained parameters are in very good agreement with available experimental and theoretical data. No preconditions for phase transformation driven by mechanical or dynamical instabilities for hcp Ru were found in the investigated pressure range. The reason of stability at such high pressures is explained in the context of electronic structure peculiarities.
Quantum fluctuations and isotope effects in ab initio descriptions of water
Authors: Wang Lu , Ceriotti Michele , Markland Thomas E.
Published: September 2014

Isotope substitution is extensively used to investigate the microscopic behavior of hydrogen bonded systems such as liquid water. The changes in structure and stability of these systems upon isotope substitution arise entirely from the quantum mechanical nature of the nuclei. Here, we provide a fully ab initio determination of the isotope exchange free energy and fractionation ratio of hydrogen and deuterium in water treating exactly nuclear quantum effects and explicitly modeling the quantum nature of the electrons. This allows us to assess how quantum effects in water manifest as isotope effects, and unravel how the interplay between electronic exchange and correlation and nuclear quantum fluctuations determine the structure of the hydrogen bond in water.
Revisiting the photodissociation dynamics of the phenyl radical
Authors: Cole-Filipiak Neil C. , Shapero Mark , Negru Bogdan , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: September 2014

We have reinvestigated the photodissociation dynamics of the phenyl radical at 248 nm and 193 nm via photofragment translational spectroscopy under a variety of experimental conditions aimed at reducing the nascent internal energy of the phenyl radical and eliminating signal from contaminants. Under these optimized conditions, slower translational energy (P(ET)) distributions for H-atom loss were seen at both wavelengths than in previously reported work. At 193 nm, the branching ratio for C2H2 loss vs. H-atom loss was found to be 0.2 ± 0.1, a significantly lower value than was obtained previously in our laboratory. The new branching ratio agrees with calculated Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus rate constants, suggesting that the photodissociation of the phenyl radical at 193 nm can be treated using statistical models. The effects of experimental conditions on the P(ET) distributions and product branching ratios are discussed.
Wave–current interaction in the presence of a three-dimensional bathymetry: Deep water wave focusing in opposing current conditions
Authors: Rey V. , Charland J. , Touboul J.
Published: September 2014

Large scale experiments were carried out in the Ocean Engineering Basin FIRST, France. A tri-dimensional bathymetry consisting of two symmetrical submerged mounds was displayed on the flat bed on both sides of the basin. Regular waves of frequency corresponding to deep water conditions above the bathymetry were generated in opposing current conditions. A strong tri-dimensional behaviour is observed for the wave amplitude, leading to a strong focusing (up to twice the incident amplitude) of the wave energy towards the central deeper zone. This amplification cannot be ascribed to the increase of the current intensity in the main wave direction, nor to a current gradient normally to the wave direction. A wave phase gradient, normal to its main direction, is observed up-wave (or downstream) the mounds. This phase lag depends on the wave amplitude, it is the higher for the moderate amplitude case. The experimental data are compared with calculations of a refraction-diffraction model assuming a depth-averaged current. If the model qualitatively predicts the wave amplification in the centerline of the basin, discrepancies are observed in the vicinity of the depth changes. The observed mean current vertical profile shape is then supposed to play a significant role in the wave focusing, especially near the steep slopes down-stream the mounds. In addition, the waves are found to modify substantially both horizontal and vertical current fields.
The underexpanded jet Mach disk and its associated shear layer
Authors: Edgington-Mitchell Daniel , Honnery Damon R. , Soria Julio
Published: September 2014

High resolution planar particle image velocimetry is used to measure turbulent quantities in the region downstream of the Mach disk in an axisymmetric underexpanded jet issuing from a convergent nozzle. The internal annular shear layer generated by the slip line emanating from the triple point is shown to persist across multiple shock cells downstream. A triple decomposition based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition shows that the external helical structure associated with the screech tone generated by the jet exerts a strong influence on velocity fluctuations in the initial region of the annular shear layer. This influence manifests as the external vortices producing oscillatory motion of the Mach disk, and thus a forcing of the internal annular shear layer. The internal shear layer is characterized by a number of azimuthal modes of varying wavenumber and type, including both helical and axisymmetric modes. Finally, the possibility of a previously hypothesized recirculation region behind the Mach disk is investigated, with no evidence found to support its existence.