bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a Custom Crime Detection Dataset and Implementing a 3D Convolutional Neural Network for Video Analysis
Authors: Londoño Lopera Juan Camilo , Bolaños Martinez Freddy , Fletscher Bocanegra Luis Alejandro
Published: February 2025

This study addresses the challenge of detecting crimes against individuals in public security applications, particularly where the availability of quality data is limited, and existing models exhibit a lack of generalization to real-world scenarios. To mitigate the challenges associated with collecting extensive and labeled datasets, this study proposes the development of a novel dataset focused specifically on crimes against individuals, including incidents such as robberies, assaults, and physical altercations. The dataset is constructed using data from publicly available sources and undergoes a rigorous labeling process to ensure both quality and representativeness of criminal activities. Furthermore, a 3D convolutional neural network (Conv 3D) is implemented for real-time video analysis to detect these crimes effectively. The proposed approach includes a comprehensive validation of both the dataset and the model through performance comparisons with existing datasets, utilizing key evaluation metrics such as the Area Under the Curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed dataset and model achieve an accuracy rate between 94% and 95%, highlighting their effectiveness in accurately identifying criminal activities. This study contributes to the advancement of crime detection technologies, offering a practical solution for implementation in surveillance and public safety systems in urban environments.
The Impact of Urban Expansion on Land Use in Emerging Territorial Systems: Case Study Bucharest-Ilfov, Romania
Authors: Diaconu Daniel Constantin , Peptenatu Daniel , Gruia Andreea Karina , Grecu Alexandra , Gruia Andrei Rafael , Gruia Manuel Fabian , Drăghici Cristian Constantin , Băloi Aurel Mihail , Alexandrescu Mihai Bogdan , Sibinescu Raluca Bogdana
Published: February 2025

Economic pressure on agricultural land is generating major changes in affected territorial systems. The development of methodologies to analyze the pressure on agricultural land is one of the main concerns regarding food security and how to provide fresh produce to large cities. The methodology used uses the Corine Land Cover database, provided by Copernicus Land Monitoring Services (CLMS), from 1990–2018. Data processing and analysis was performed using the open-source software package QGIS, a process that started by reprojecting the data into the national coordinate reference system Pulkovo 1942(58)/Stereo 70, EPSG: 3844. The methodology used was able to highlight the transformations that have taken place in land use, highlighting when and how the land was transformed. Our results show that quantitative and land-use changes due to the socio-economic pressures generated by the transition to a different type of economy can be highlighted. Urban sprawl has led to dramatic changes in land use, with agricultural land being the category that has seen the largest reductions in area.
Histopathological Image Analysis Using Machine Learning to Evaluate Cisplatin and Exosome Effects on Ovarian Tissue in Cancer Patients
Authors: Şentürk Tuğba , Latifoğlu Fatma , Altıntop Çiğdem Gülüzar , Yay Arzu , Gönen Zeynep Burçin , Önder Gözde Özge , Mat Özge Cengiz , Özkul Yusuf
Published: February 2025

Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is highly effective in treating various cancers, including ovarian and lung cancers, but it often causes ovarian tissue damage and impairs reproductive health. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are believed to possess reparative effects on such damage, as suggested by previous studies. This study aims to evaluate the reparative effects of cisplatin and exosome treatments on ovarian tissue damage through the analysis of histopathological images and machine learning (ML)-based classification techniques. Five experimental groups were examined: Control, cisplatin-treated (Cis), exosome-treated (Exo), exosome-before-cisplatin (ExoCis), and cisplatin-before-exosome (CisExo). A set of 177 Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features were extracted from histopathological images, followed by feature selection using Lasso regression. Classification was performed using ML algorithms, including decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The CisExo group exhibited the most homogeneous texture, suggesting effective tissue recovery, whereas the ExoCis group demonstrated greater heterogeneity, possibly indicating incomplete recovery. KNN and ANN classifiers achieved the highest accuracy, particularly in comparisons between the Control and CisExo groups, reaching an accuracy of 87%. The highest classification accuracy was observed for the Control vs. Cis groups (approximately 91%), reflecting distinct features, whereas the Control vs. Exo groups demonstrated lower accuracy (around 68%) due to feature similarity. Exosome treatments, particularly when administered post-cisplatin, significantly improve ovarian tissue recovery. This study highlights the potential of ML-based classification as a robust tool for evaluating therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, it underscores the promise of exosome therapy in mitigating chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and preserving reproductive health. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and optimize treatment protocols.
Assessing the Suitability of Damage Indexes for Digital Twin Applications in RC Buildings Considering Masonry Infills
Authors: Danesi Luca , Belleri Andrea , Gualdi Michelle , Labò Simone
Published: February 2025

Given the significant damage caused by earthquakes over the years, accurate prediction and assessment of the extent of structural damage is critical to ensure safety and guide post-disaster recovery efforts. This study examines the effectiveness and reliability of various damage indexes for reinforced concrete buildings, particularly in the context of seismic events. It highlights the potential of these indexes for future use in digital twin applications or for direct analysis of sensor data recorded during an earthquake, with the ultimate goal of improving real-time damage assessment and decision making. A comprehensive literature review was carried out looking at the damage indexes developed over the last decades. These indexes were applied to a case study involving an RC building with three different structural configurations: a pre-code moment-resisting frame, a code-compliant moment-resisting frame, and a code-compliant shear wall system, both bare and infilled with masonry. The seismic performance of these configurations was evaluated using Multi-Stripe Analyses (MSA) to account for the variability of the seismic input. The results of applying the damage indexes highlight the versatility of these indexes in detecting damage, although some limitations were noted, particularly with cycle-related indicators and their application to infilled structures. The study emphasizes the importance of refining these tools to improve their accuracy and reliability in different structural contexts, ultimately contributing to more accurate seismic damage assessment and damage prediction for specific seismic scenarios.
A Method for Grading Failure Rates Within the Dynamic Effective Space of Integrated Circuits After Testing
Authors: Zhan Wenfa , Zhou Yangxinzi , Zheng Jiangyun , Cai Xueyuan , Zhang Qingping , Wen Xiaoqing
Published: February 2025

Integrated circuits that pass testing still have quality differences, thus making grading necessary. Traditional grading methods rely on static testing and electrical measurements, which are challenging to achieve precise grading, time-consuming, and costly. A new grading method based on the failure rate within a dynamically effective space is proposed. This method dynamically adjusts the evaluation space and uses an exponential decay function to calculate the influence weight of each neighboring chip on the evaluated chip, thereby computing the weighted failure rate of the evaluated chip and quantitatively grading the chips after wafer testing based on the scores. Experiments show that this method not only accurately captures quality differences and ensures grading accuracy but also significantly improves grading efficiency.
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 3D Reconstruction for Quantitative Measurements of the Tailing Pond Dry Beach
Authors: Li Yani , Lu Guangyin , Cao Bei , Zhu Xudong , Yang Zicheng
Published: February 2025

Dry beach parameters are important indicators for measuring the safe operation of tailings ponds. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is widely used in construction, disaster monitoring, and agriculture. In this paper, a new semi-automatic method is proposed that measures the length and slope of the dry beach in a tailings pond using the point cloud obtained through the 3D reconstruction of UAVs. The programs of dry beach boundary identification, point cloud profile denoising, dry beach length, and slope measurement were established. The proposed method was applied to a case study to monitor the length and slope of a tailings pond dry beach. The results show that the maximum error of the dry beach length measurement is 2.25%, and the error of the slope measurement is 2.67%. The error is within a reasonable range, which can be accepted in practical applications, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method. Compared with traditional methods and image-based dry-beach-monitoring methods, the point cloud model provides comprehensive coverage of the entire dry beach. It enables the measurement of the length and slope of the dry beach at any point while offering an intuitive representation of its surface morphology and topographic features.
The Role of miR-146a in the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Shikonin on Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Fumimoto Chihiro , Yamauchi Nobuhiro , Imai Kazutaka , Nakamura Yurika , Azuma Hitoshi , Kato Hirohito , Taguchi Yoichiro , Umeda Makoto
Published: February 2025

Shikonin is a naturally occurring compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties and wound-healing effects. The increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative stress and influences the progression of periodontal disease. MiR-146a, a type of microRNA, is reported to be involved in the control of inflammation. This research seeks to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of shikonin on human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) under inflammation induced by Interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with the progression of periodontitis and to further investigate the effect of shikonin on miR-146a expression. Cell proliferation, scratching, and toxicity tests were performed, and the shikonin concentration was set at 0.1 µM. The levels of ROS, miR-146a, and inflammatory cytokines were measured to examine the effects of shikonin on inflammation. The addition of shikonin reduced IL-6 by approximately 20% and reduced IL-8 by approximately 30% compared to IL-6 and IL-8 production and expression induced by IL-1β. MiR-146a expression increased 3.38-fold under IL-1β-induced inflammation but showed a decreasing trend with the addition of shikonin. These results suggest that IL-1β-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are regulated by shikonin in hGFs and are associated with the expression of miR-146a.
Trilobite Eyes and Their Evolution
Authors: Schoenemann Brigitte
Published: February 2025

Trilobites, as typical euarthropods, possess compound eyes. In 1901, Lindström was the first to describe them in detail; on the one hand, we reconsider his descriptions of the different modes of trilobite eyes; on the other hand, we expand this by compiling the observations that have been possible in recent years. There are two, perhaps three kinds of trilobite compound eyes. The first are the primordial holochroal eyes, which are actually apposition compound eyes, similar to those of many modern diurnal crustaceans and insects. The abathochroal eyes, often referred to as the second form, are probably a subtype of the holochroal eyes. Consequently, the second is the schizochroal eye of phacopid trilobites, which are hyper-compound eyes composed of numerous small compound eyes below each of the big lenses, which appear from outside as one big lateral eye each. Thirdly, one may call the maculae light-sensitive organs, but this is still uncertain. Comparing what are probably the oldest trilobite eyes described so far with other forms, it is possible to conclude that the sensory apparatus is much older than the fossil record of trilobite eyes and probably developed in Precambrian times. The refractive apparatus, however, was developed later and separately within the systematic groups. This explains why, for example, the mandibulates have a lens and a crystalline cone. Still, the chelicerate xiphosurans, such as horseshoe crabs or eurypterids, possess a lens cylinder with an index gradient but no crystalline cone. Furthermore, this can explain why the calcite character of trilobites is unique in the arthropod kingdom. An important discovery is the probably epidermal, lens-building cells encompassing a prospective lens of Schmidtiellus reetae Bergström 1973 from the early Lower Cambrian of Estonia. We reconsider the morphology of hypostome maculae and interpret them as a potential phylogenetic relict and a potential predecessor of all arthropod ommatidial compound eyes. It will be of great relevance for future research to understand the evolution of compound eyes and vision because we witness the emergence of the first lenses in the trilobite, if not the arthropod kingdom.
On the New Description of Exceptional Sets in Asymptotic Estimates for the Entire Functions and the Laplace–Stieltjes Integrals
Authors: Skaskiv Oleh , Bandura Andriy , Salo Tetyana , Zikrach Dmytro
Published: February 2025

We obtain a new extended description of the exceptional set in the asymptotic Borel-type relation in terms of the maximum of the integrand function for the Laplace–Stieltjes integrals. The obtained description of an exceptional set in the Borel-type relation leaves no room for improvement. In particular, we construct a corresponding measure, a function given by the Laplace–Stieltjes integral with respect to this measure, and a measurable set for which the opposite inequality to the Borel-type relation is fulfilled.
Can Right Heart Catheterization Improve the Prediction of Positive Response to Resynchronization Therapy?
Authors: Barańska-Pawełczak Karolina , Jacheć Wojciech , Tomasik Andrzej , Ziaja Bettina , Mazurkiewicz Michalina , Kukulski Tomasz , Wojciechowska Celina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the interventional methods of heart failure (HF) treatment, with the criteria for CRT device implantation based on the value of the left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional class, QRS complex duration, and electrocardiographic morphology. Pulmonary hypertension is an important factor influencing the prognosis of patients with HF, but its influence on CRT is not fully understood. Aim: The main aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of baseline right heart catheterization-derived parameters on the response to CRT. Methods: It was a single-centre study with retrospective analysis of data of 39 non-ischemic HF patients. Clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic data were obtained before the CRT device implantation, and after 6 months of follow-up, non-invasive re-assessment was performed. Various criteria for the response to CRT were assessed along with the correlation between the baseline parameters. Results: After follow-up, a significant difference was found in the reduction in symptoms associated with HF, an increase achieved in the six-minute walk test distance, and a reduction in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration as well as improvement of LV function assessed in echocardiographic examination. Among all parameters assessed, the baseline higher value of the transpulmonary gradient and pulmonary vascular resistance most often had a significant negative impact on meeting the criteria of response to CRT. Conclusions: The results of the analyses show that the initial assessment of pulmonary hemodynamics may be crucial in predicting the response to CRT in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
An Embroidered Electrochemical Sensor to Measure Glucose Made with Commercially Available Textile Materials
Authors: Martínez-Estrada Marc , Gil Ignacio , Fernández-García Raúl
Published: February 2025

A textile electrochemical sensor manufactured with commercially available textile materials is presented to determine glucose concentration. The sensor design consists of three electrodes manufactured with two different conductive yarns, one made with a silver coating and the other with stainless steel fibres. Different combinations of them are used to prepare three different electrochemical textile sensor combinations. The first sensor is built only with silver-coated yarn and used as a reference sensor. The other two sensors are prepared with different combinations of conductive yarns. The textile sensors perform a cyclic voltammetric test, where it is demonstrated that the glucose concentration over the sensor can be related with the increase in the current measured. The results allow us to identify feeding voltages where the concentration–current relation is close to linear. The textile sensor shows a sensitivity between 0.0145 and 0.0452 μA/(mg/dL) for the 45–180 mg/dL glucose concentration range and 0.0012 and 0.0035 μA/(mg/dL) for the 180–1800 mg/dL range for the different sensor types presented. The regression coefficients for the sensitivities range between 0.9266 and 0.9954. This research demonstrates the feasibility to develop a fully integrated textile electrochemical sensor made completely with commercially available textile materials.
The Use of MRI and TMS in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Advances in Pediatric Applications
Authors: Ha Trinh , Jakimier Katarina , O’Sullivan Sean
Published: February 2025

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a substantial burden for psychiatric care, affecting approximately one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Adolescent populations with depression are a particularly challenging demographic to treat as early intervention is crucial to prevent treatment resistance, but treatment options are limited. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive option for TRD in adults as well as adolescents, offering hope for patients who have not responded to conventional therapies. This review examines the convergence of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as a tool to examine how TMS modulates functional connectivity in adolescents with MDD. Such analyses have led to advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD, TRD, and the mechanisms of TMS. We review this evidence, evaluate methodological approaches, and identify critical gaps in the existing literature, highlighting how neuroimaging-guided TMS protocols offer a promising therapeutic avenue for adolescent TRD, particularly in cases where conventional treatments have proven ineffective.
Protecting Educators: A Scoping Review of Interventions That Address Teacher Victimization
Authors: Stilwell Sarah M. , Guzmán Paulina , Varela Jorge , McMahon Susan D. , Bare Kailyn , Heinze Justin , Zimmerman Marc
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of teacher-directed violence has been well-documented around the world. However, interventions focused on the prevention of teacher victimization have received less attention. Understanding how to reduce teacher-directed violence is vital to preserving the overall well-being of teachers, supporting their teaching, reducing teacher burnout, and providing recommendations for future research. The current scoping review reports on teacher-directed violence interventions in K–12 school settings (n = 2). In addition, emerging evidence is described that provides recommendations for developing teacher-directed violence interventions (n = 6). The results from this scoping review reinforce the need for further study of teacher victimization-focused interventions to support the essential work of teachers.
Bystanders to Bias: Witnessing Gendered Microaggressions Affects Men’s and Women’s Outcomes in STEM Small Group Contexts
Authors: Vossoughi Nadia , Burley Logan C. , Foley Ryan P. , Meadows Lorelle A. , Sekaquaptewa Denise
Published: February 2025

We tested whether merely witnessing gendered microaggressions affects group work experiences among male and female undergraduate computer science and engineering students. Across three experiments (N = 753), we randomly assigned computer science and engineering students to witness microaggressions targeting female students, or control interactions, using a video manipulation. Witnessing microaggressions—compared to the control—resulted in heightened gender-specific stereotyping concerns, with women being concerned about appearing incompetent and men being concerned with appearing sexist. For both women and men, witnessing microaggressions resulted in decreased enthusiasm for participating in group work. Moreover, for women, the relationship between decreased enthusiasm and witnessing microaggressions was partially mediated by increased concerns about being stereotyped as incompetent. Across the experiments, mixed results emerged regarding the effect of witnessing microaggressions on the recall of engineering content in the video. This research extends previous work focused on personally experiencing microaggressions to merely witnessing them, showing that positivity toward anticipated group work is diminished for both women and men when they see peers engaging in microaggressions.
Thermal, Hygrothermal, Mechanical and Environmental Study of Stabilized Earth with GGBS-Based Binders
Authors: Lam Arthur , Hamzaoui Rabah , Kindinis Andrea , Idir Rachida , Lamberet Séverine , Patrix Stéphane
Published: February 2025

Earth materials are recognized for their excellent thermal and hygrothermal properties but exhibit low mechanical resistance. Binder stabilization improves compressive strength but often increases the carbon footprint. This study evaluates the mechanical, thermal, hygrothermal, and environmental properties of 12 stabilized earth concrete formulations. The samples were prepared using four types of excavated earths (A, B, C, and D) with varying granular distributions and chemical compositions, stabilized with three industrial binders: two low-carbon activated GGBS-based binders (LN and LW) and a CEM II cement. The samples were cured at 20 °C and 100% relative humidity. Density, porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and Moisture Buffer Value (MBV) were measured at 28 days of curing, using standard methods from concrete and geotechnical fields, while compressive strength tests were performed at 7, 28, and 90 days. The results revealed that gravel-rich earths (A and B) demonstrated higher densities and compressive strengths compared to fine-rich earths (C and D). GGBS-stabilized earths exhibited superior mechanical performance (1.7–14.8 MPa) compared to cement-stabilized earths (0.8–3.8 MPa). Despite low binder content (7%), thermal and hygrothermal properties were largely influenced by the earth’s composition. Thermal conductivity (0.48–0.59 W·m−1·K−1), volumetric heat capacity (1661–2031 J·m−3·K−1), and MBV (0.9–1.9 g·m−2·%RH−1) were consistent with raw earth values, supporting thermal inertia and humidity regulation. The carbon footprint analysis showed that both LN and LW binders had the lowest emissions (29–34 kg CO2·eq/m3), with LN binders demonstrating consistent normalized performance (5.2–6.2 kg CO2·eq/m3·/MPa) and LW binders exhibiting superior mechanical performance and a lower normalized indicator (2.3–5.4 kg CO2·eq/m3/MPa). Conversely, CEM II-stabilized formulations displayed the highest emissions (70–86 kg CO2·eq/m3) and the least favorable compressive strength-to-carbon ratios. These findings emphasize the potential of stabilized earth concretes, particularly those with low-carbon GGBS binders, for sustainable and energy-efficient construction practices.
Thermal Resilience of Public Building Atriums Under Different States During Heatwaves
Authors: Zhang Guangyi , Li Linxue , Yu Yang , Liu Jinhao , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2025

Under the influence of climate change, extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense. Understanding the response mechanisms of public building spaces, such as atriums, during extreme heat events is of great significance for developing effective design strategies to enhance the thermal resilience of buildings. This study investigated the effect of atrium spaces on the thermal resilience of buildings during heatwaves, focusing on their ability to mitigate high temperatures under two states: closed and open. The research monitored the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity data of the atrium of a university building in Shanghai during a typical heatwave, and used statistical methods to analyze the relationships between the thermal resilience indicators and various environmental parameters, including the indoor and outdoor temperatures and ventilation states, to evaluate the thermal performance of the atrium. The results indicate that the atrium demonstrated robust thermal resilience under both closed and open conditions. In the closed phase, the indoor temperature was, on average, approximately 7 °C lower than the outdoor temperature, with the maximum difference reaching 11 °C, and the peak temperature delay was up to 4 h. In the open phase, despite exhibiting larger thermal fluctuations and an increase in temperature non-uniformity, the thermal resilience index improved significantly, from 0.231 in the closed phase to 0.047. The analytical framework developed in this study shows great potential for understanding the thermal resilience mechanisms of buildings during extreme heat events. Additionally, the data-driven insights are invaluable for informing the design strategies of public building spaces, especially in regions prone to extreme heat.
Extended Lymph Node Dissection May Not Provide a Therapeutic Benefit in Patients with Intermediate-to High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Miura Noriyoshi , Shimbo Masaki , Okawa Dai , Sakamoto Miki , Sugihara Naoya , Sawada Takatora , Haga Shunsuke , Arai Haruna , Nishida Keigo , Arai Osuke , Onishi Tomoya , Watanabe Ryuta , Nishimura Kenichi , Fukumoto Tetsuya , Miyauchi Yuki , Kikugawa Tadahiko , Nishino Takato , Endo Fumiyasu , Hattori Kazunori , Saika Takashi
Published: February 2025

Background: The therapeutic efficacy of extended lymph node dissection (ePLND) for intermediate- and high-risk (IR/HR) prostate cancer remains controversial. This study evaluated whether PLND improved biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates in patients with prostate cancer undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using a propensity matching method with cases from two facilities. Methods: The study included 1002 patients with IR/HR disease who underwent RARP at two facilities with equivalent surgical techniques and hospital size but different ePLND policies for IR/HR between July 2012 and November 2022. We compared perioperative outcomes, complications, and biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) between the centers. Results: After propensity matching, 221 and 124 cases, each at intermediate and high risk, respectively, were compared. Except for age, preoperative clinicopathological variables did not differ significantly between the matched ePLND and non-PLND groups. A median of 18 lymph nodes were assessed in the dissection group. The 3-year bRFS rates did not differ significantly between ePLND and non-PLND among intermediate-risk and high-risk patients. The dissection group had significantly longer operative times and more complications associated with ePLND, including lower extremity edema, pelvic hematoma, and neuropathy. A multivariable Cox regression analysis performed after propensity adjustment identified initial prostate-specific antigens, pathological tumor stage (high-risk only), and positive surgical margins as independent prognostic factors for bRFS while ePLND was not significant. Conclusions: These results suggest that ePLND may not be necessary in intermediate- to high-risk PCa patients undergoing RARP, although further study with a longer follow-up is required.
The Development and Psychometric Validation of the Fainareti Screening Tool for Perinatal Mental Health in Greek Pregnant Women
Authors: Dagla Maria , Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou Irina , Daglas Vassilis , Antoniou Evangelia , Rigoutsou Eleni , Papatrechas Alexandros , Dagla Calliope , Tsolaridou Eleni , Karagianni Despoina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: It would be helpful for primary healthcare professionals to have access to a brief, general screening tool allowing them to detect patients suffering from major mental illness. This also holds for organizations and institutions at which pregnant women ask for support during the perinatal period. An evaluation of the psychometric properties, validity, and reliability of the Fainareti mental health screening tool was carried out in Greek women in this study. Methods: The study participants consisted of 518 women retrospectively followed from pregnancy to their first year postpartum as part of a health intervention at the Day Center for Women’s Mental Health Care (Perinatal Mental Health Disorders), operated by the non-profit organization Fainareti. Alongside the newly developed screening tool, this study utilized the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: The assessment of the tool’s internal reliability included computing two separate internal consistency indices, with both indicating its significant level of reliability. The correlation analysis between the tool and the scales included in this study demonstrated the tool’s strong convergent validity, while factor analyses confirmed its satisfactory construct validity. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that the one-factor Fainareti mental health screening tool is suitable for initial assessments of the mental health of Greek women.
Influence of Post-Printing Polymerization Time on Flexural Strength and Microhardness of 3D Printed Resin Composite
Authors: Alharbi Shaima , Alshabib Abdulrahman , Algamaiah Hamad , Aldosari Muath , Alayad Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Background: The adoption of 3D printing in restorative dentistry is increasing, with the post-curing duration of a material being identified as a key determinant of its performance. This study evaluated the effect of the post-polymerization time on the flexural strength (FS) and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of a 3D-printed composite. Methods: Specimens of Formlabs Permanent Crown Resin were 3D printed and divided into four groups according to their post-curing time: no post-curing time and 20, 40, and 60 min post-curing time. Flexural strength testing was carried out using a three-point test of 40 bar-shaped specimens (n = 10/group), followed by fractography observations under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Vicker microhardness testing was also conducted with 40 disk-shaped specimens (n = 10/group). The inorganic filler content was measured using the ash method, and the filler morphology was characterized under an SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using adjusted ANOVA and regression tests. Results: The highest median FS values were observed at 40 min post-curing (133.07 MPa), with significant differences across all groups (p < 0.0001). The highest median VHN values were found at 40 min post-curing (32.09 VHN), with significant differences between groups (p < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation (rho = 0.7488; p < 0.0001) was found between the flexural strength and Vickers hardness with changing post-curing durations. The 3D resin composite had an average filler content of 66.82% based on weight. Conclusions: With the limitation of the current in vitro setup, a post-polymerization time of 40 min was shown to lead to the best material performance. The post-printing polymerization time significantly affects the Vickers hardness and FS of 3D Formlabs Permanent Crown Resin. Further research should explore the effects of different resin compositions, clinical conditions, and curing protocols to enhance the general applicability of these findings. Clinical implications: Extending the post-printing polymerization time does not inherently result in improved material properties. A considered adjustment of the post-curing time can significantly impact the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed composite.
Compounds: Five Years of Serving the Dissemination of Chemistry
Authors: Mejuto Juan C.
Published: February 2025

Compounds has existed as a scientific publication in the field of chemistry for five years now [...]
Bladder Endometriosis: Diagnostic, Therapy, and Outcome of a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Piriyev Elvin , Schiermeier Sven , Römer Thomas
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is a benign condition affecting up to 10% of women at reproductive age. The urinary tract is affected in 0.3–12.0% of women with endometriosis and in 19.0–53.0% of women with deep infiltrating endometriosis. The bladder is the most commonly affected organ in the urinary tract. Bladder endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometriosis lesions in the detrusor muscle, with partial or complete thickness involvement. Methods: This was a retrospective study. The study analyzed surgical reports of 11,714 patients who underwent endometriosis laparoscopy, and included only 42 patients with bladder endometriosis. Results: We found that 0.35% of patients with endometriosis had bladder endometriosis. In total, 29 patients underwent phone follow-up. In total, 26 patients (90%) reported a general improvement in their symptoms (e.g., improving the dysmenorrhea, lower abdominal pain), with a 100% improvement in their dysuria. Only two patients (7%) reported no change in symptoms (dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia). Conclusions: Gynecologists can perform laparoscopic surgical treatment of bladder endometriosis in most cases. If ureteroneocystostomy is required or the localization of the endometriosis nodule is unfavorable, an intervention by an interdisciplinary team is recommended. Both laparoscopic partial bladder resection and shaving can be considered effective methods with low complication risk. This surgical approach requires excellent laparoscopic skills.
Establishing Reference Values for Thyroid Vascularity Using Ultra-Micro Angiography (UMA) Ultrasound Technology
Authors: Moisa-Luca Luciana , Bena Andreea , Bunceanu Stefania , Stoian Dana
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Ultra-Micro Angiography (UMA) is an advanced Doppler technique designed to improve the visualization of slow blood flow in small vessels. The Subtraction UMA (sUMA) setting enhances these features by removing background tissue interference, allowing for more precise assessments of microvascularity. This study aims to establish reference values for thyroid vascularity using sUMA technology, providing a foundation for future research in thyroid pathology. Methods: This prospective, single-center study included 106 healthy participants with no evidence of thyroid disease based on biochemical and ultrasound evaluations. All participants underwent multiparametric ultrasound, followed by sUMA to assess thyroid vascularity. The quantitative sUMA measurements were performed using the color pixel percentage (CPP), and three measurements were taken in each thyroid lobe. The median CPP values were calculated and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate intraobserver reliability and to examine correlations between CPP values and demographic characteristics. Results: The study cohort had a mean age of 41.2 ± 16.3 years, with a predominance of women (82%). CPP sUMA measurements demonstrated excellent feasibility (100%) and intraobserver reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.905 for the right thyroid lobe and 0.897 for the left lobe. The median CPP for the right and left lobes was 26.5% and 27.1%, respectively, with no significant difference between lobes (p = 0.8799). Conclusions: sUMA technology is a reliable and reproducible method for evaluating thyroid microvascularity in healthy individuals. These reference values provide a foundation for future studies investigating thyroid pathology, potentially enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic assessments in clinical practice.
From AI to the Table: A Systematic Review of ChatGPT’s Potential and Performance in Meal Planning and Dietary Recommendations
Authors: Guo Peiqi , Liu Guancheng , Xiang Xiaoling , An Ruopeng
Published: February 2025

A balanced diet is crucial for preventing diseases and managing existing health conditions. ChatGPT as garnered attention from researchers, including nutrition scientists and dietitians, as an innovative tool for personalized meal planning and dietary recommendations. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review scientific evidence on ChatGPT’s performance in providing personalized meal plans and generating dietary recommendations. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Keyword-based database searches were performed on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase. Inclusion criteria included (1) empirical studies and (2) primary research on ChatGPT’s performance in personalized meal planning and dietary recommendations. Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising fourteen validation studies, five comparative studies, and four qualitative studies. Most studies reported that ChatGPT achieved satisfactory accuracy and was often indistinguishable from human dietitians. One study even reported that ChatGPT outperformed human dietitians. However, limitations and risks, such as safety concerns and a lack of real-world implementation, were also identified. Conclusions: ChatGPT shows promise as a relatively reliable innovative tool for personalized meal planning and dietary recommendations, offering more accessible and cost-effective solutions. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to address its limitations and challenges.
Day-Ahead Electricity Price Prediction and Error Correction Method Based on Feature Construction–Singular Spectrum Analysis–Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Jiang Yuzhe , Sun Weiqing
Published: February 2025

Conducting electricity price prediction research has significance for the operation of the generation and transmission sides, and can guide the planning of electricity consumption. In order to further improve prediction accuracy, this paper constructs new feature based on publicly available market data, and uses feature filtering to find the feature data with the highest correlation with electricity prices in publicly available market data as input features. A model combining feature construction (FC), singular spectrum analysis (SSA), and LSTM is used for electricity price prediction. Compared with traditional LSTM models, this model reduced the MAE by 10.0, MAPE by 16.4%, and RMSE by 19.7 in the test set. This paper also proposes an error correction method for recursive prediction based on the error distribution in training and testing sets to reduce the influence of accumulated errors. The results show that the MAPE decreased by 6.1% in recursive prediction, proving that the model has good performance in prediction. By accurately predicting electricity prices and analyzing possible error ranges, the prediction method proposed in this article can better guide market participants in making decisions.
From Churn to Earn: Mitigating Turnover for Better Performance
Authors: Pirrolas Olga Alexandra Chinita , Correia Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

The occurrence of human resource churning results in financial, time and effort losses for organisations, which creates a problem for organisations that lose the most experienced human resources that they have invested in training. The human resources that leave organisations are known as churners. Churning is the costly, time-consuming and difficult process of replacing workers who have left voluntarily. Given the multiplicity of definitions attributed to the subject of churning, we follow the approach that human resource churning is a component of turnover, which is related to analysing the costs associated with voluntary departures. As a result of this problem, this entry was created with the aim of theoretically explaining the effects that the churning of human resources has on organisations of origin. In order to meet this objective, various topics are covered with the aim of characterising churners, their backgrounds and their aspirations, referring to the effect of the mobility of human resources on organisations, in other words, the effect of churning on organisations and the urgent need for action.
Estimation of the Optimal Seed Production Management Cycle of a Miniature Seed Orchard, Based on the Crown Recovery Process and Spatiotemporal Light Variation After Pruning
Authors: Matsushita Michinari
Published: February 2025

Seed orchards play important roles in supplying good seeds. Miniature orchards have the advantages of reducing management areas, but rapid crown development will decrease light intensity and seed production. Block-rotation cycles within an orchard need to be evaluated to optimize total seed production per unit time and area. The development of tree height and primary branches, as well as spatial light variation over the years after pruning and defoliation manipulation were evaluated in a miniature orchard of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. set on the Pacific side of Japan. Just two years after manipulation, the branches of the upper-crown parts had grown so long that they were touching each other, and the light environments of the lower-crown parts had become drastically darker. Next, based on the crown development and light variation and the relationship between cone production and light intensity, we performed a simulation of total cone production over the years in a hypothetical orchard composed of multiple blocks. Then, the simulated total cone production was compared between the block-rotation cycles, where crown management was performed every three or four years. Compared to the three-year block rotation, the distribution of within-tree cone production for the four-year block rotation was more biased towards only the upper crown, since the lower crown became suddenly darker. It was estimated that cone production for the entire tree and the entire seed orchard would be lower than in the three-year block rotation. The approach and findings of this study will be useful for improving seed orchard management.
The Photocatalytic Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene in Aqueous Solution by Zinc Oxide Utilizing an Annular Reactor with an Immobilized Catalyst: A CFD Analysis
Authors: Abracia Hana Ritchel , Berina Mary Lesley , Mendoza Joseph Albert
Published: February 2025

Increasing pollution and public health concerns over persistent pollutants necessitate efficient methods like photocatalytic degradation. Despite its potential in air and water treatment, the scale-up of this technology is limited due to insufficient modeling studies. This research explores the photocatalytic degradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) using immobilized zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysts in a 500 mm length annular reactor. The reactor has a 150 mm porous ZnO domain and a UV lamp. Process variables such as the BaP concentration, residence time, surface irradiance, and catalyst zone length were modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD simulations using a pseudo-first-order kinetic model revealed that optimizing these parameters significantly improved the degradation efficiency. The results revealed that optimizing these parameters enhanced the degradation efficiency by over thirteen times compared to the initial setup. The increased residence time, reduced BaP concentration, and improved surface irradiance allowed for more efficient pollutant breakdown, while a longer catalyst zone supported more complete reactions. However, challenges like the high recombination rates of electron–hole pairs and susceptibility to photo-corrosion persist for ZnO. Further studies are recommended to address these challenges.
Involvement of Anion-Specific Effects in Changes in the Gelation and Thermodynamic Properties of Calcium Alginate Hydrogel
Authors: Wang Yuqiao , Li Lin , Liu Jiacheng , Yan Jianan , Wang Ce , Lai Bin , Dong Yu , Wu Haitao
Published: February 2025

The gelation process and hydrogel properties of calcium salt-induced alginate hydrogels are influenced by anion-specific effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of CaSO4, CaI2, and Ca(C5H9O3)2 [calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, CaHMB] on the gelation behavior of alginate hydrogels, using various mannuronic/guluronic acid (M/G) ratios to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of anion-specific effects. Here, at a high M/G ratio (2:1), the gelation time of CaSO4, as a low-solubility calcium source, delayed the formation of the calcium alginate hydrogel. The gelation time was 1.8 times that of the high-solubility calcium source CaHMB. Strongly hydrated ions (such as SO42− and C5H9O3−) caused the removal of water molecules from polysaccharide chains, resulting in the formation of small pores on the pore wall. Moreover, weakly hydrated chaotropic anions (I−) promoted the binding of alginate polysaccharide chains and water molecules, resulting in the slower thermal decomposition of water inside the gel. However, when the M/G ratio was reduced to 1:1 or 1:2, the influence of the three calcium salts on the water and thermodynamic properties of the hydrogels decreased, indicating that the anion-specific effect weakened. This study highlights the importance of anion-specific effects on the properties of alginate hydrogels and provides insights into the utilization of these effects to fabricate functional hydrogels with variable properties.
Green Extraction and NMR Analysis of Bioactives from Orange Juice Waste
Authors: Penteado Paula Scarabotto , Leal Maria Carolina B. Di-Medeiros , Carosio Maria Gabriela Aparecida , dos Santos Alef , Segatto Mateus Lodi , Pavarini Daniel Petinatti , da Silva Danielle Fernandes , Amaral Jéssica Cristina , da Silva Maria Fátima das G. F. , Zuin Zeidler Vânia G. , Ferreira Antonio G.
Published: February 2025

Brazil is a global leader in the orange industry, producing approximately one-fourth of the world’s oranges and generating over 50% of the associated waste. These by-products are rich in bioactive compounds; however, their improper disposal poses environmental risks. This study employs an eco-friendly approach—microwave-assisted extraction—to recover valuable compounds from orange juice production waste. The extracted compounds were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Key bioactives, including D-limonene, valencene, hesperidin, and carbohydrates, were successfully identified. NMR effectively traces and semi-quantifies these compounds, while microwave-assisted extraction enables the sustainable recovery of high-purity hesperidin, confirmed by NMR (87.66%) and HPLC (84.30%) analyses.