bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of LCNF and CNF from pine and eucalyptus pulps
Authors: Demuner Iara Fontes , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Gomes Fernando José Borges , de Oliveira Rubens Chaves
Published: August 2020

Nanocelluloses produced from wood pulp are widely studied for various economic applications. Most studies of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) use lignin-free fibres obtained from bleached pulps; however, unbleached fibres with residual lignin may also be used to obtain lignocelluloses nanofibrils (LCNF). Research on lignocellulose nanofibrils is a recent subject in the field; thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the ultrastructure of lignocellulose nanofibrils compared to cellulose nanofibrils produced from the same raw material. Understanding of nanoparticle properties is of great relevance for their various applications; therefore, complete characterisation of the chemical, physical, and morphological structures of LCNF and CNF produced from pine and eucalyptus woods was performed. Unbleached cellulosic fibres are a viable alternative for LCNF production, which has properties comparable to that of traditional CNF production that uses lignin-free fibres. LCNF from pine and eucalyptus were obtained with 4.0 % and 1.8 % residual lignin, respectively. The nanofibrils had high thermal stability because LCNF had a higher maximum degradation temperature. Due to the low interaction of lignin with water, LCNF had a lower water retention value than CNF.
Structure, processing and performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (IUPAC Technical Report). Part 2: crystallinity and supra molecular structure
Authors: Bucknall Clive , Altstädt Volker , Auhl Dietmar , Buckley Paul , Dijkstra Dirk , Galeski Andrzej , Gögelein Christoph , Handge Ulrich A. , He Jiasong , Liu Chen-Yang , Michler Goerg , Piorkowska Ewa , Slouf Miroslav , Vittorias Iakovos , Wu Jun Jie
Published: August 2020

Test methods including OM, SEM, TEM, DSC, SAXS, WAXS, and IR were used to characterise supra-molecular structure in three batches of polyethylene (PE), which had weight-average relative molar masses

M
¯

w

 

${\overline{M}}_{\text{w}}$

of approximately 0.6 × 106, 5 × 106, and 9 × 106. They were applied to compression mouldings made by the polymer manufacturer. Electron microscopy showed that powders formed in the polymerization reactor consisted of irregularly shaped grains between 50 and 250 μm in diameter. Higher magnification revealed that each grain was an aggregate, composed of particles between 0.4 and 0.8 μm in diameter, which were connected by long, thin fibrils. In compression mouldings, lamellar thicknesses ranged from 7 to 23 nm. Crystallinity varied between 70 and 75 % in reactor powder, but was lower in compression mouldings. Melting peak temperatures ranged from 138 to 145 °C, depending on processing history. DMTA showed that the glass transition temperature θ
g was −120 °C for all three grades of polyethylene. IR spectroscopy found negligibly small levels of oxidation and thermal degradation in mouldings. Optical microscopy revealed the presence of visible fusion defects at grain boundaries. It is concluded that relatively weak defects can be characterized using optical microscopy, but there is a need for improved methods that can detect less obvious fusion defects.
Who are Our Experts? Predictors of Participation in Expert Surveys
Authors: Steinert Christoph Valentin , Ruggeri Andrea
Published: August 2020

Who are the colleagues participating when asked to complete expert surveys? This research note investigates which individuals’ characteristics associate with positive responses. Drawing on an expert survey dedicated to post-conflict trials, we collect data on various attributes of both respondents and non-respondents such as their age, sex, academic positions, disciplines, and research outputs. We expect that decisions to participate result from an interplay of (1) individuals’ levels of context-specific expertise, (2) the value attached to their expert role, (3) their confidence in making authoritative statements, and (4) resource constraints. Employing logistic regression models and statistical simulations (n = 414), we find that context-specific expertise is the primary, but not the only determinant of participation. On the one hand and luckily, individuals whose research corresponds closely to the object of study are most likely to participate. On the other hand and unfortunately, individuals with high citation outputs, female experts, and Area Studies-scholars are less likely to respond. Consequently, certain groups are under-represented in expert evaluations frequently considered as authoritative source of knowledge.
Rebound hypothermia after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) and cardiac arrest in immediate postoperative period: a report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Solanki Sohan Lal , Jhingan Mrida A. K. , Saklani Avanish P.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) for peritoneal malignancies are complex surgeries marked with hemodynamic perturbations, temperature fluctuations, blood loss and metabolic disturbances in the intra-operative and post-operative period. In this report, we highlighted perioperative factors which may have led to cardiac arrest in immediate postoperative period and subsequent successful resuscitation in two patients with high volume peritoneal cancers who underwent CRS-HIPEC.

Case presentation

Both patients had a similar clinical course, characterized by massive blood and fluid loss, metabolic derangement, hemodynamic instability, long duration of surgery, post HIPEC rebound hypothermia and hypokalemia which need to be anticipated.

Conclusions

We reviewed the literature related to postoperative hypothermia and other major complications after CRS-HIPEC and correlated the available literature with our findings.
Lifestyle intervention to prevent Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ko Yi , Chye Soi Moi
Published: August 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that leads to significant morbidities in elderly. The major pathological hallmark of AD is beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition in hippocampus of the brain. These abnormal protein deposition damages neuronal cells resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. As a result of limited treatment options available for this disease, there is huge economic burden for patients and social health care system. Thus, alternative approaches (lifestyle intervention) to prevent this disease are extremely important. In this systemic review, we summarized epidemiological evidence of lifestyle intervention and the mechanisms involved in delaying and/or preventing AD. Lifestyle interventions include education, social engagement and cognitive stimulation, smoking, exercise, depression and psychological stress, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and diet. The methods are based on a literature review of available sources found on the research topic in four acknowledged databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Medline and PubMed. Results of the identified original studies revealed that lifestyle interventions have significant effects and our conclusion is that combination of early lifestyle interventions can decrease the risk of developing AD.
Design and static testing of wing structure of a composite four-seater electric aircraft
Authors: Yang Kang , Guo Yi-lin , Li Dong-hui , Ma Gang , Geng Hao , Li Qun-fang , Xue Ji-jia
Published: August 2020

Because of its light weight, high strength, designable, composite materials are more and more widely used in the field of aerospace, especially in the field of general aviation. In this paper, the structural design and analysis of the composite wing (include wing beam, rib, skin, leading edge and trailing edge) of a four-seater electric aircraft were carried out. The finite element numerical analysis model of the composite wing was established, and the deformation and strain distribution of the composite wing under the limited load required by airworthiness regulations were calculated. Finally, the static test of the whole composite wing was carried out to verify the accuracy of the finite element results. The finite element analysis and testing results showed that the structural design of the composite wing of the electric aircraft meets the structural strength requirements specified in the airworthiness standard (part 23 of China civil aviation regulations: air-worthiness requirements for normal, practical, special effects and commuting aircraft: CCAR 23-R3)
Preoperative quantitative sensory testing and robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: can chronic postoperative pain be predicted?
Authors: Lunde Søren , Petersen Kristian Kjær , Søgaard-Andersen Erik , Arendt-Nielsen Lars
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Chronic postoperative pain is prevalent after robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. Preoperative Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) has been utilized to identify patients at risk of developing chronic postoperative pain after a range of surgical procedures. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to (1) determine the prevalence of chronic postoperative pain, (2) assess selected preoperative risk factors for chronic postoperative pain, and (3) evaluate if preoperative QST profiling could predict the development of chronic postoperative pain following robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer.

Methods

One-hundred and sixty consecutive patients were included and handheld pressure algometry, cuff pressure algometry, temporal summation of pain, conditioned pain modulation, and heat pain thresholds were assessed prior to surgery. Patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire concerning pain in the pre- and post-operative time period six months after surgery. Chronic postoperative pain was defined as persistent, moderate to severe pain (mean visual analogue scale (VAS)≥3) on a daily basis six months after surgery.

Results

The prevalence of chronic postoperative pain after robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer was of 13.6% (95% CI 8.4–20.4%). Patients that would develop chronic postoperative pain had a lower BMI (p=0.032), a higher prevalence of preoperative pelvic pain (p<0.001), preoperative heat pain hyperalgesia (p=0.043) and a higher level of acute postoperative pain (p<0.001) when compared to patients that would not develop chronic postoperative pain. A logistic regression model demonstrated that the presence of preoperative pelvic pain was a significant, independent predictive risk factor for development of chronic postoperative pain (OR=6.62, 95% CI 2.26–19.44), whereas none of the QST parameters could predict postoperative pain.

Conclusions

Preoperative QST assessment could not predict the development of chronic postoperative pain despite preoperative heat pain hyperalgesia in patients that would develop chronic postoperative pain.
Kooperationsstrukturen von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland
Authors: Meister Thomas
Published: August 2020

Die umfangreiche Förderung der regenerativen Stromerzeugung durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz begünstigte einen Gründungsboom von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland. Die Rahmenbedingungen haben sich jedoch in den letzten Jahren deutlich verschlechtert. Energiegenossenschaften sind daher gezwungen, neue und komplexere Geschäftsmodelle zu entwickeln, um im Wettbewerb zu bestehen. Kooperationen mit anderen Akteuren werden diesbezüglich als vielversprechende Strategie diskutiert. Die bisher nur exemplarisch in Fallstudien untersuchten Kooperationsstrukturen von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland werden in diesem Beitrag systematisch auf Basis der Ergebnisse einer standardisierten Befragung analysiert.
Deutsch als schwächere Sprache bei deutsch-polnisch bilingualen Kindern:Studie zur Negation- und Verbstellung
Authors: Sopata Aldona , Długosz Kamil
Published: August 2020

This article examines the acquisition of German as the weaker language in the cases of German-Polish bilingual children. Focusing on negation and verb position, phenomena that have frequently been taken as diagnostic when distinguishing between the course of language development characteristic for first (L1) and second language acquisition (L2), we analyse experimental and productive data from six simultaneously bilingual children. Due to the constrained input, German is their weaker language. The results in Forced Choice and Grammaticality Judgements tasks are compared with the results of monolingual children. We show that in the area of negation the acquisition of German as the weaker language resembles L1, and in the area of inversion and verb final position the development of the weaker language is delayed. The striking difference between bilinguals’ results in the experimental vs. productive tasks points to specific processing mechanisms in bilingual language use. In narrative contexts of the production tasks the language of the performance is activated, while the other is inhibited, which leads to a target-like performance. Structural properties of the stronger language tend to be activated, however, in the experimental tasks involving the weaker language, resulting in non-target-like responses.
Schlüssel oder Peitsche? Schulgrammatik im Spagat
Authors: Felfe Marc
Published: August 2020

In this essay I understand school grammar as academic grammar for future teachers. It aims at linguistic awareness, not linguistic knowledge, which is an essential common ground with grammar lessons at school. It is about exciting insights into the structure of language.

In the first section, the discourse on school grammar is examined. I will put a focus on the cultivated negative image of school grammar in history and then contrast it with practical expectations of use. Thereafter the essential linguistic foundations are outlined, which have been neglected in school grammar for far too long, being afraid of linguistic theory: valency and constituency. Afterwards, the area of tension between first and second language in terms of school grammar will be explored. Finally, I sketch school grammar as a basis for error correction and evaluation.
High-temperature and high-pressure NMR investigations of low viscous fluids confined in mesoporous systems
Authors: Ok Salim , Sheets Julie , Welch Susan A. , Cole David R. , Berman Marc , Rúa Armando , Greenbaum Steve , Srivastava Deepansh J. , Grandinetti Philip J.
Published: August 2020

In this contribution, the relaxation and diffusional behaviors of low viscous fluids, water and methanol confined into mesoporous silica and controlled size pore glass were investigated. The engineered porous systems are relevant to geologically important subsurface energy materials. The engineered porous proxies were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analyzer, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy (EM) to determine surface area, pore-wall protonation and morphology of these materials, respectively. The confined behavior of the low viscous fluids was studied by varying pore diameter, fluid-to-solid ratio, temperature, and pressure, and then compared to bulk liquid state. Both relaxation and diffusion behaviors for the confined fluids showed increasing deviation from pure bulk fluids as the fluid-to-solid ratio was decreased, and surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) was varied. Variable pressure deuteron NMR relaxation of confined D2O and confined methanol, deuterated at the hydroxyl or methyl positions, were performed to exploit the sensitivity of the deuteron quadrupole moment to molecular rotation. The methanol results demonstrated greater pressure dependence than those for water only in bulk. The deviations from bulk liquid behavior arise from different reasons such as confinement and the interactions between confined fluid and the nano-pore wall. The results of the present report give insight into the behavior of low viscosity fluid in nano-confined geometries under different state conditions.
Properties of Glial Cell at the Neuromuscular Junction Are Incompatible with Synaptic Repair in theSOD1G37RALS Mouse Model
Authors: Martineau Éric , Arbour Danielle , Vallée Joanne , Robitaille Richard
Published: August 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons (MNs) in a motor-unit (MU)-dependent manner. Glial dysfunction contributes to numerous aspects of the disease. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), early alterations in perisynaptic Schwann cell (PSC), glial cells at this synapse, may impact their ability to regulate NMJ stability and repair. Indeed, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) regulate the repair phenotype of PSCs and are overactivated at disease-resistant NMJs [soleus muscle (SOL)] inSOD1G37Rmice. However, it remains unknown whether this is the case at disease-vulnerable NMJs and whether it translates into an impairment of PSC-dependent repair mechanisms. We used SOL and sternomastoid (STM) muscles fromSOD1G37Rmice and performed Ca2+-imaging to monitor PSC activity and used immunohistochemistry to analyze their repair and phagocytic properties. We show that PSC mAChR-dependent activity was transiently increased at disease-vulnerable NMJs (STM muscle). Furthermore, PSCs from both muscles extended disorganized processes from denervated NMJs and failed to initiate or guide nerve terminal sprouts at disease-vulnerable NMJs, a phenomenon essential for compensatory reinnervation. This was accompanied by a failure of numerous PSCs to upregulate galectin-3 (MAC-2), a marker of glial axonal debris phagocytosis, on NMJ denervation inSOD1mice. Finally, differences in these PSC-dependent NMJ repair mechanisms were MU type dependent, thus reflecting MU vulnerability in ALS. Together, these results reveal that neuron-glia communication is ubiquitously altered at the NMJ in ALS. This appears to prevent PSCs from adopting a repair phenotype, resulting in a maladapted response to denervation at the NMJ in ALS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding how the complex interplay between neurons and glial cells ultimately lead to the degeneration of motor neurons and loss of motor function is a fundamental question to comprehend amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An early and persistent alteration of glial cell activity takes place at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the output of motor neurons, but its impact on NMJ repair remains unknown. Here, we reveal that glial cells at disease-vulnerable NMJs often fail to guide compensatory nerve terminal sprouts and to adopt a phagocytic phenotype on denervated NMJs inSOD1G37Rmice. These results show that glial cells at the NMJ elaborate an inappropriate response to NMJ degeneration in a manner that reflects motor-unit (MU) vulnerability and potentially impairs compensatory reinnervation.
USER INTERFACE AND USER EXPERIENCE OF INDOSPORT MOBILE APPLICATIONS USING A USER CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: Fadli Muhammad Raffi
Published: August 2020

An alternative solution for Indosport, considering the increasingly advanced smartphone development and also followed by the rapid growth of its users in Indonesia. The purpose of this study project is to produce a product in the form of a user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design in helping to realize targeted mobile applications and not forgetting to apply the principles of visual communication design namely unity and variety, hierarchy, contrast, proportion and balance. The UI and UX design methods go through several stages of work in sequence: pre-production process, production process, and post-production. This design results in UI and UX designs that are equipped with user flow, interface designs, illustrations and prototypes. The main page of the Indosport mobile application is News, Activity, Calendar, and Profile which later on these pages there are several features that are different from the previous page. The making of this UI uses several visual languages such as medium close up, full shot, long shot, close up and medium long shot in the image section contained in the article as well as the depiction of field styles used to almost all visual UI elements. Using several principles in design, namely time to learn, speed of performance, rate of errors by users, retention over time, and subjective satisfaction. The resulting design forms will be distributed directly to the Research and Development division and the IT division from Indosport to be made a native.
Derivation of sheep embryonic stem cells under optimized conditions
Authors: Vilarino Marcela , Alba Soto Delia , Soledad Bogliotti Yanina , Yu Leqian , Zhang Yanli , Wang Chunsheng , Paulson Erika , Zhong Cuiqing , Jin Miaohan , Carlos Izpisua Belmonte Juan , Wu Jun , Juan Ross Pablo
Published: August 2020

Until recently, it has been difficult to derive and maintain stable embryonic stem cells lines from livestock species. Sheep ESCs with characteristics similar to those described for rodents and primates have not been produced. We report the derivation of sheep ESCs under a chemically defined culture system containing fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and a tankyrase/Wnt inhibitor (IWR1). We also show that several culture conditions used for stabilizing naïve and intermediate pluripotency states in humans and mice were unsuitable to maintain ovine pluripotency in vitro. Sheep ESCs display a smooth dome-shaped colony morphology, and maintain an euploid karyotype and stable expression of pluripotency markers after more than 40 passages. We further demonstrate that IWR1 and FGF2 are essential for the maintenance of an undifferentiated state in de novo derived sheep ESCs. The derivation of stable pluripotent cell lines from sheep blastocysts represents a step forward toward understanding pluripotency regulation in livestock species and developing novel biomedical and agricultural applications.
Aneuploidy during the onset of mouse embryo development
Authors: Pauerova Tereza , Radonova Lenka , Kovacovicova Kristina , Novakova Lucia , Skultety Michal , Anger Martin
Published: August 2020

Aneuploidy is the most frequent single cause leading into the termination of early development in human and animal reproduction. Although the mouse is frequently used as a model organism for studying the aneuploidy, we have only incomplete information about the frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations throughout development, usually limited to a particular stage or assumed from the occurrence of micronuclei. In our study, we systematically scored aneuploidy in in vivo mouse embryos, from zygotes up to 16-cell stage, using kinetochore counting assay. We show here that the frequency of aneuploidy per blastomere remains relatively similar from zygotes until 8-cell embryos and then increases in 16-cell embryos. Due to the accumulation of blastomeres, aneuploidy per embryo increases gradually during this developmental period. Our data also revealed that the aneuploidy from zygotes and 2-cell embryos does not propagate further into later developmental stages, suggesting that embryos suffering from aneuploidy are eliminated at this stage. Experiments with reconstituted live embryos revealed, that hyperploid blastomeres survive early development, although they exhibit slower cell cycle progression and suffer frequently from DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest.
Género y Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible ¿Hacia un futuro feminista?
Authors: Varea Soledad
Published: August 2020

Este ensayo analiza la problemática de Género con relación a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas. Primero se refiere a los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio como antecedente de los ODS. Luego se relata cómo se dio la necesidad de pensar en un nuevo desarrollo mundial en donde el empoderamiento de mujeres y niñas es fundamental. Más adelante se analiza los avances y desafíos de los ODS examinando los avances y desafíos en la transversalización del enfoque de género. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre el papel de los ODS y género en el contexto de la pandemia COVID – 2019.
Bank Specific Factors and Bank Performance: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Ariyibi Ebenezer Mayowa , Yunusa Lateef Adewale , Williams Tolulope Oyakhilome
Published: August 2020

The impact of bank-specific factors on the performance of the deposit money banks in a country has been an area of inquiry for any bank-based financial system. The research investigates the impacts of bank-specific factors on bank performance in Nigeria within 2014-2018. This research use panel data from ten banks that had the best deposit in 2018. The panel data approach found a significant negative relationship between asset quality and return on asset and a significant positive relationship between loan-to-deposit ratio, capital adequacy, and return on asset. In this regard, strategic management should ensure chasing their functional intermediation role and ensure liquidity preference to meet its day-to-day obligations.JEL Classification: G21, G32, C33 How to Cite:Ariyibi, E. M., Yunusa, L. A., & Williams, T. O. (2020). Bank Specific Factors and Bank Performance: Evidence from Nigeria. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 167-176. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.14658.
Monitoring Arteriovenous Malformation Response to Genotype-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Edwards Emily A. , Phelps Andrew S. , Cooke Daniel , Frieden Ilona J. , Zapala Matthew A. , Fullerton Heather J. , Shimano Kristin A.
Published: August 2020

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have recently been reported to have a high incidence of somatic KRAS mutations suggesting potential for treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. In this case report, we describe genotype-targeted treatment of a KRAS mutant metameric AVM in a patient with Cobb syndrome using the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor trametinib. Therapeutic response was monitored with phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography to quantify AVM arterial inflow as an imaging biomarker. Treatment with trametinib resulted in a substantial decrease in blood flow to the AVM, with a >75% reduction in arterial inflow after 6 months of trametinib therapy.
Biomass of Crotalaria juncea as a function of plant densities in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Miranda Neyton , Morais de Sousa Vanomark Giulliana Mairana , Costa e Melo Isabel Giovanna , Bezerra de Góes Glêidson
Published: August 2020

An increase in the production per area of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) biomass in order to expand its beneficial effects as green manure is an objective for the agronomic management of this species. Three experiments were performed during consecutive years to test the following plant densities per m-2: 10, 20, 30, and 40; 25, 35, 50, and 100; 25, 50, 75, and 100. For each density the spacing between the sowing rows and withinthe rows was equal. The experiments were conducted at Mossoro, RN, Brazil, with a randomized complete block design of four replicates. For each experiment, we determined the shoot dry mass and root dry mass per hectare and the ratio between the values per hectare of shoot dry mass and seed rate. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) and regression analysis. The increasing linear behavior of shoot and root biomass of sunn hemp as a function of plant density establishes a recommendation of 100 plants m-2 with equal spacing in the sowing row and between rows. However, the amount of dry mass produced by each kg of seeds decreased to the density of 90 plants m-2. The amount of biomass produced was limited by the length of the vegetative phase of sunn hemp during day length conditions at Mossoro.
What does ‘quality’ mean in the context of rural extension and advisory services?
Authors: Landini Fernando
Published: August 2020

The quality of rural extension and advisory services is a crucial element in fostering innovation and rural development. This article aims to clarify the concept of quality of rural extension and to develop a preliminary theoretical framework. An ample literature review was conducted in search of articles on service quality and quality of rural extension and advisory services. The first part presents the main results of the literature searchon quality of extension services. The definition of quality is not universal. Quality cannot be conceptualized only as farmers’ satisfaction or as extension results. It has different dimensions or components and stakeholders have different points of view about it. The second part of this article discusses the definition of service quality and the concept of Total Quality Management and underlines that the concept of quality variesaccording to industry types or contexts and is the result of complex negotiation among different stakeholders. Finally, a comprehensive theoretical framework for addressing quality of rural extension and advisory services is presented that differentiates among enablers that limit or facilitate the delivery of quality rural extension and advisory services, the production and delivery processes, and results obtained. Here, the key roleplayed by quality self-assessment and organizational learning is highlighted.
Otter's Journey through Indigenous Language and Law Lindsay Keegitah Borrows (2018)
Authors: Leung Janny H.C.
Published: August 2020

Otter's Journey through Indigenous Language and Law Lindsay Keegitah Borrows (2018)
O Leviatã como uma cura parcial? Oportunidades e armadilhas no uso do aparato estatal para responder à crise da COVID-19
Authors: Lazzarini Sérgio Giovanetti , Musacchio Aldo
Published: August 2020

Abstract While some argue that market forces are imperative to stimulate the increased supply of critical products and services to address the COVID-19 crisis, others contend that dealing with the pandemic requires coordination and rapid adjustments in supply that may be constrained by a host of factors. Although discussions have centered on policies to promote financial liquidity, we examine whether the state apparatus-not only state-owned enterprises but also development agencies and investment funds-can innovate and adjust production processes to improve infrastructure and capabilities to prevent and treat the disease. Potential actions include public-private effort addressing both discovery and coordination problems-such as a collaborative effort to develop prevention and treatment technologies, as well as state capital to stimulate retooling and expansion of strategic infrastructure. The state apparatus can also help access remote and critical areas with relatively lower private returns. In contrast, support to industries must be implemented with caution, especially for sectors whose demand may suffer permanently due to lifestyle changes. Exit strategies must be carefully crafted to avoid the risk of perpetuating unjustified and ineffective state support, establishing milestones and termination clauses based on clear performance indicators. We argue that, although using the state apparatus as a countermeasure entails a set of risks, not using it may increase the risk of extending the crisis and end with an overloaded state sector (e.g., due to massive bailouts), challenging the implementation of subsequent adjustments.
Leviathan as a partial cure? Opportunities and pitfalls of using the state-owned apparatus to respond to the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Lazzarini Sérgio Giovanetti , Musacchio Aldo
Published: August 2020

Abstract While some argue that market forces are imperative to stimulate the increased supply of critical products and services to address the COVID-19 crisis, others contend that dealing with the pandemic requires coordination and rapid adjustments in supply that may be constrained by a host of factors. Although discussions have centered on policies to promote financial liquidity, we examine whether the state apparatus-not only state-owned enterprises but also development agencies and investment funds-can innovate and adjust production processes to improve infrastructure and capabilities to prevent and treat the disease. Potential actions include public-private effort addressing both discovery and coordination problems-such as a collaborative effort to develop prevention and treatment technologies, as well as state capital to stimulate retooling and expansion of strategic infrastructure. The state apparatus can also help access remote and critical areas with relatively lower private returns. In contrast, support to industries must be implemented with caution, especially for sectors whose demand may suffer permanently due to lifestyle changes. Exit strategies must be carefully crafted to avoid the risk of perpetuating unjustified and ineffective state support, establishing milestones and termination clauses based on clear performance indicators. We argue that, although using the state apparatus as a countermeasure entails a set of risks, not using it may increase the risk of extending the crisis and end with an overloaded state sector (e.g., due to massive bailouts), challenging the implementation of subsequent adjustments.
Vulnerabilidade socioeconômica à COVID-19 em municípios do Ceará
Authors: Câmara Samuel Façanha , Pinto Francisco Roberto , Silva Felipe Roberto da , Gerhard Felipe
Published: August 2020

Resumo Os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 têm causado sérios impactos socioeconômicos, expondo a vulnerabilidade de estados e municípios brasileiros. Concebendo-a em sentido amplo, a vulnerabilidade se relaciona à suscetibilidade social e econômica a riscos ou perdas potenciais, causados por eventos extremos. Nesse contexto, este artigo objetiva identificar a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos municípios do Ceará, epicentro da região Nordeste, quanto à pandemia da COVID-19. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo exploratório-quantitativo, utilizando-se informações secundárias obtidas em bases de dados públicas governamentais. A vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos municípios foi avaliada de forma dinâmica, baseando-se em modelo matemático de previsão do número de casos da COVID-19 aplicado à cidade de Wuhan, na China. Os indicadores de vulnerabilidade foram calculados sob duas trajetórias: valor de produção e número de pessoal ocupado, considerando-se características municipais como densidade demográfica, mobilidade interurbana e índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH). No caso do estado do Ceará, os achados evidenciaram uma série de determinantes demográficos, sociais e econômicos locais que agravam os impactos da crise. Os indicadores de vulnerabilidade construídos na pesquisa podem servir de base para as decisões de governos municipais e estadual na cronologia da abertura econômica do estado por setores, municípios e regiões.
Political orientation and support for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Ramos Guilherme , Vieites Yan , Jacob Jorge , Andrade Eduardo B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract Social distancing practices have been widely recommended to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite the medical consensus, many citizens have resisted adhering to and/or supporting its implementation. While this resistance may stem from the non-negligible personal economic costs of implementing social distancing, we argue that it may also reside in more fundamental differences in normative principles and belief systems, as reflected by political orientation. In a study conducted in Brazil, we test the relative importance of these explanations by examining whether and how support for social distancing varies according to self-identified political orientation and personal economic vulnerability. Results show that while economic vulnerability does not influence support for social distancing, conservatives are systematically less supportive of these practices than liberals. Discrepancies in sensitivity to threats to the economic system help explain the phenomenon.
Colaboração entre governos e organizações da sociedade civil em resposta a situações de emergência
Authors: Alves Mário Aquino , Costa Marcelo Marchesini da
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 é um exemplo de grande emergência que desafia a administração pública ocasionalmente. A despeito da variedade de eventos dessa natureza, recai sobre o governo, majoritariamente, a responsabilidade pelas ações emergenciais nesses momentos. Organizações da Sociedade Civil (OSCs) podem, no entanto, contribuir para uma resposta rápida e adequada a tais ocorrências. Neste artigo, são discutidas as características das OSCs que as habilitam a contribuir para as medidas de emergência adotadas pelos governos. Analisa-se também a possibilidade de ampliação dos arranjos colaborativos entre governos e OSCs.
Predictors of the intention to maintain social distancing
Authors: Iwaya Gabriel Horn , Cardoso Janaína Gularte , Sousa Júnior João Henriques de , Steil Andrea Valéria
Published: August 2020

Resumo A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo desenvolver uma Escala de Intenção de Permanecer em Distanciamento Social (EIPDS) com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP). O modelo teórico estabelece que as variáveis “atitudes”, “normas subjetivas” e “controle comportamental percebido” são preditoras da intenção de permanecer em distanciamento social (IPDS). O delineamento metodológico foi o de levantamento online com amostragem não probabilística. A pesquisa contou com 786 participantes brasileiros, majoritariamente residentes da região Sul do país. As variáveis da TCP explicaram 85% da variação da IPDS: normas subjetivas (β = 0,69), atitudes (β = 0,24) e controle comportamental percebido (β = 0,07). Os resultados evidenciam quais crenças subjacentes exercem influência sobre a formação da IPDS e podem servir às organizações públicas e privadas no processo de desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção e engajamento da população na adoção do comportamento de “permanecer em distanciamento social” no Brasil. O trabalho apresenta as implicações práticas, as limitações da pesquisa e as possibilidades de estudos futuros sobre a IPDS.
Civil society mobilization in coping with the effects of COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Andion Carolina
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este texto discute a atuação da sociedade civil na ação pública para o enfrentamento das consequências da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Partindo de uma lente pragmatista de análise, examinamos as ações coletivas da sociedade civil no combate aos efeitos da COVID-19, ressaltando suas características, seus alcances e seus limites na governança dessa crise. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, por meio de um levantamento documental, analisamos a mobilização recente da sociedade civil e, depois, examinamos a realidade da cidade de Florianópolis, a qual acompanhamos mais de perto, mediante pesquisa de campo. Os resultados permitem construir um panorama da atuação dessas “redes invisíveis” e lançar pistas sobre as consequências e os desafios dessa atuação. As conclusões chamam a atenção para a necessidade de explorar mais a fundo o papel, as possibilidades e os dilemas da sociedade civil na produção de uma “governança experimentalista” em resposta aos inúmeros desafios impostos pela crise causada por essa pandemia no âmbito local.
Moral dilemmas of the Brazilian public management in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Santos Laís Silveira
Published: August 2020

Resumo Devido à pandemia do novo coronavírus, a gestão pública brasileira tem tomado decisões de interesse público que impactam diretamente a vida de praticamente todos os brasileiros e apresentam diversas questões éticas intrínsecas. Diante deste contexto, este short paper tem como objetivo identificar e debater alguns dos principais dilemas morais que desafiam a gestão pública brasileira no enfrentamento da pandemia. Para tanto, foram selecionadas notícias de websites jornalísticos que apresentassem situações éticas que ocorreram ou ainda estão ocorrendo no Brasil. Seis áreas temáticas com dilemas foram identificadas: distanciamento social; uso de big data no gerenciamento da pandemia; atuação dos profissionais de saúde; auxílio emergencial federal e burocracia; suspensão de aulas e atividades educacionais presenciais; e liberação de presidiários como medida de prevenção. Percebeu-se que, em contextos de crise, cidadãos e gestores públicos são afastados de seu status quo, o que leva a que novas formas de raciocínio moral sejam desenvolvidas. Essas questões demandam uma contínua reflexão e debate sobre os aspectos éticos da pandemia, principalmente em relação às obrigações sociais e morais dos governos e aos limites dessa interferência no direito individual dos cidadãos em um período de crise.
The COVID-19 outbreak and the municipal administration responses: resource munificence, social vulnerability, and the effectiveness of public actions
Authors: Ito Nobuiuki Costa , Pongeluppe Leandro Simões
Published: August 2020

Abstract Facing the unprecedented situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, public officials at the municipality-level have no clear benchmarks or tested policies. In this situation, decision-making becomes a controversial process. This article provides insights for public agents in the Brazilian municipalities to deal with the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the actions taken by city halls of the 52 Brazilian municipalities at least thirty days since the first confirmed case of COVID-19. We used a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify the combinations of contextual factors and public actions that reduced COVID-19 transmission during the critical initial stage. The empirical results show three main paths to guide policy-making: (1) a plural collaboration path involving public and private sectors, operating in a fragile health system; (2) a public action path providing aid programs through intense collaboration inside public bureaucracy; and (3) a resource-based path relying on a well-structured health system.
Respostas à pandemia em comunidades vulneráveis: uma abordagem de simulação
Authors: Rodrigues Vinícius Picanço , Oliveira Igor Czermainski de , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Aquino Ellen Larissa de Carvalho , Viegas Cláudia Viviane
Published: August 2020

Abstract Populations living in favelas are facing even more vulnerabilities with the sudden escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic, as social distancing is challenging in such settings. Furthermore, these populations typically lack proper sanitation and hygiene conditions, which are requirements to adequately control the outbreak. This paper proposes the use of System Dynamics modeling to support the public policy-making process in order to avert negative effects of the pandemic in the Brazilian favelas based on measures elicited from the social movement named “Favelas Contra o Corona.” The simulation model assessed the effectiveness of strategies and policy bundles encompassing temporary transfer of the favela population, supply of hygiene products, emergency sanitation structures, and expansion of Intensive Care Units. Results indicate that a suitable combination of strategies can bring significant effects to the number of avoidable deaths and the availability of Intensive Care Units for the population.
O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) como estratégia de enfrentamento aos desafios da COVID-19
Authors: Sambuichi Regina Helena Rosa , Almeida Ana Flávia Cordeiro Souza de , Perin Gabriela , Spínola Paulo Asafe Campos , Pella Antônio Fernando Costa
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisou o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) como ferramenta para mitigar os impactos econômicos e sociais da COVID-19 no Brasil. Para isso, foram realizadas projeções de investimentos e analisadas as condições de operacionalização do programa no momento atual. Foi adotada uma metodologia quanti-quali de análise. Na abordagem quantitativa, foram construídos cenários com projeções de investimentos na política pública; na qualitativa, realizaram-se entrevistas não estruturadas com atores-chave na execução do programa. Os resultados revelaram que o aumento de recursos investidos no programa em um cenário otimizado pode proporcionar ampla capilarização dos benefícios. Identificou-se que o PAA é estratégico para o enfrentamento aos efeitos negativos da COVID-19 porque escoa os produtos da agricultura familiar, o que promove estruturação de cadeias produtivas, acesso a novos mercados e indução ao dinamismo econômico, além de atuar no combate à fome e à miséria de famílias que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade. O programa não só apresenta condições de operacionalização durante a pandemia da COVID-19, como tem se adaptado à realidade atual, seguindo protocolos estabelecidos pelas autoridades de saúde. Concluiu-se que o PAA pode minimizar as crises sanitária e econômica, principalmente para a população mais vulnerável, apresentando ações que vão ao encontro das demandas da sociedade civil organizada e de recomendações de organismos nacionais e internacionais especializados, visando à redução dos impactos econômicos e sociais da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus.
A implementação do Auxílio Emergencial como medida excepcional de proteção social
Authors: Cardoso Bruno Baranda
Published: August 2020

Resumo O Auxílio Emergencial, instituído pela Lei nº 13.982, de 2020, é uma das maiores iniciativas do Governo Federal para minimizar os efeitos econômicos da pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19) para a parte mais vulnerável da população, entres eles os beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e os inscritos no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal (CadÚnico), cidadãos que já tinham algum tipo de relacionamento com políticas de assistência social. Além desses, o benefício abrange também trabalhadores informais, autônomos e microempreendedores individuais (MEI). Com base na análise documental e por meio de observação direta, este estudo buscou delinear o processo de implementação do Auxílio Emergencial, no âmbito do arranjo estabelecido pelo Ministério da Cidadania (MC), através da abordagem da burocracia de nível de sistema.
População em situação de rua e COVID-19
Authors: Honorato Bruno Eduardo Freitas , Oliveira Ana Carolina S.
Published: August 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é propor sugestões práticas para a atuação no atendimento à população em situação de rua diante da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Com base numa pesquisa qualitativa contendo entrevistas com profissionais da área, análise de informações levantadas num portal de notícias de amplitude nacional e levantamento de artigos, relatórios de pesquisa e documentos informativos de outros países, sugerimos algumas estratégias que podem contribuir para a atuação da gestão municipal, sobretudo no âmbito da assistência social e nos equipamentos de assistência às pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil. Nossos resultados são parciais, embora incluam um panorama comparativo que permite inclusão de estratégias, ao que parece, ainda não implementadas no país. Destacamos também algumas questões que precisam ser repensadas pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal diante da urgência da implementação de políticas durante a pandemia da COVID-19.