bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Organic Fertilizers Residuals and Earthworm Introduction on Growth and Yield of Upland Rice
Authors: Maulana Dick Dick , Suswana Suli
Published: December 2018

In modern agriculture, over use of inorganik fertilizers causes dangerous effects on environment, human health and loss of soil fertility. Soil organic matter is a main indicator of the quality and healthy soils. Organic matter mineralization is a key process that releasing the available nutrients to the plants. There are many organisms involved in the mineralization processes. Earthworm enable to digest soil organik matters, and the excretion’s have more available nutrients content, that potential to increase nutrients absorption. This research intended to study influences of organic fertilizers residuals and earthworm introduction on growth of the upland rice in pots. The experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Universitas Islam Nusantara (UNINUS), from January – June 2017, with RBD that comprised of two factors: (1) earthworm; and (2) residual of kinds and rates of the organik fertilizers. The results showed that aren’t significantly interaction influences of the organik fertilizers residuals and earthworm introduction on growth and yield of upland rice also to increase yield components of upland rice.
Studies of West Nile Virus Circulation in the Territory of the Saratov Region in 2010
Authors: Krasovskaya T. Yu. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Sharova I. N. , Naydenova E. V. , Bil`ko E. A. , Chekashov V. N. , Matrosov A. N. , Yakovlev S. A. , Porshakov A. M. , Shilov M. M. , Ryabova A. V. , Knyazeva T. V. , Mokrousova T. V. , Fedorova Z. P. , Kresova U. A. , Talaeva E. A. , Mironova N. I. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the results of ecological and epizootiological surveillance of the territory of the Saratov region, which was carried out in autumn of 2010. The surveillance was aimed at detection of West Nile (WN) virus circulation and premises for WN Fever natural focus formation. It is demonstrated that in 2010 WN virus circulation took place in damp biotopes of the Saratov region territory, and that common species of small mammals were involved in it. Presented are the results of analysis of the WN virus role in the infectious pathology in the territory of the Saratov region.
Traditional and Modern Protective Media for the Low-Temperature Bacteria Preservation
Authors: Gracheva I. V. , Valova T. V. , Grigor'eva G. V.
Published: December 2018

Presented are the literature data on the efficiency of bacteria preservation at temperatures ranging from -20 to -196 °C in the protective media containing such cryoprotectors as glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, carbo-hydrates, substances of protein origin specified by regulatory guidelines. Most of the focus is on the publications reporting the results of the long-term bacteria preservation at sub-zero temperatures, optimization of the protective media for pathogenic bacteria, and usage of the compounds with potential cryoprotective activity. Noted is the necessity for approbation of the specified protective media for the conserved bacteria species at the applied preserving temperatures. One of the approaches to the enhancement of the low-temperature preservation techniques is a search for natural protectors, which can provide for surviving of bacteria in the unfavorable conditions, including low temperatures, and a search for possibility to integrate these natural protectors into the cryoprotective media. Displayed are the results of effective application of glycerol-betaine, and polysaccharides of Arctic microorganisms for the low-temperature bacteria preservation.
Prospects of GIS-Passportization of Natural Plague Foci in the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsov A. A. , Porshakov A. M. , Matrosov A. N. , Kuklev E. V. , Korotkov V. B. , Mezentsev V. M. , Popov N. V. , Toporkov V. P. , Toporkov A. V. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: December 2018

Characterized in brief are the results of natural plague foci passportization carried out in the late XX century. Evaluation of the principle of formalized spatial differentiation between enzootic territories is made. The principle can guarantee high degree of data ordering, obtained in the process of epizootiological surveillance. Therefore, prospects of a new stage of plague foci passportization based on GIS-technologies are viewed, the strategy is determined, and methodological approaches for its realization are put forward. Large-scale implementation of digital topographic maps and global positioning system into the work of plague control organizations is accentuated.
Principles of Standardization of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Diagnostics and Its Present-Day Peculiarities in the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors: Maletskaya O. V. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Beyer A. P. , Taran T. V. , Khapaev B. A. , Bammatov D. M. , Murtazalieva G. A. , Vasilenko N. F. , Sharova I. N. , Karnaukhov I. G. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

It is stated that due to epidemic manifestations Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) has recently become one of the most pressing issues in the South of the European part of the Russian Federation, the area where its integrated natural focus is situated. In this respect, analyzed are the data on CHF monitoring over the past decade (since 1999); determined are the main epidemiological peculiarities of the infection in the modern period. Furthermore, outlined are the basic principles of development of the unified standard concerning epidemiological and laboratory diagnostics of the disease. Emphasized is the importance of differentiation in scope and nomenclature of diagnostic investigations in laboratory facilities of different echelons, which makes it possible to increase plausibility and quality of the surveys conducted, and carry out verification of the results obtained.
Evolution of Vibrio cholerae El Tor and Detection of Their Gene-Variants in the Caucasus
Authors: Savel’Ev V. N. , Savel’Eva I. V. , Vasil’Eva O. V. , Babenyshev B. V. , Kovalev D. A. , Grizhebovsky G. M. , Antonenko A. D. , Kurbanov Sh. Kh. , Butaev T. M. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: December 2018

, rstC genes), and 7 strains – to the genotype I. Genotypes I and II (genetically altered ones) are the hybrid variants of the El Tor biovar producing CT of the first type.
Investigation of Fatigue Life for Asphalt Concrete Modified by Polymer Additives of Various Types
Authors: Veranko V. A. , Ladyshau A. V. , Hatalski R. K.
Published: December 2018

The paper has analyzed influence of additives representing a group of thermoplastic elastomers and complex thermoplast-based modifiers on fatigue life of asphalt concrete. Regularities in time have been determined in the paper and close values of their physical and mechanical properties have been obtained while using various types of binders and modifiers. Statistic and laboratory investigations have made it possible to obtain theoretical parameters of the fatigue life for materials used for road dressing. The analysis has been based on statistical values of ordinary and modified asphalt concrete and asphalt concrete mixes of C- and A-type obtained during the experiments for the period from 2010 till 2016. A statistic analysis has permitted to compare a parameter Ипл (resistance index to plastic deformations) with such parameters as ny (number of elastic constraints) and Rc (threshold structural strength). 12 calculations (Nos. 1–12) have been carried out in order to realize targets of the second investigation. Calculative characteristics of asphalt concrete required for determination of reliability parameters have been estimated in the paper. A bottom layer of twoor three-coat pavement has been selected as an object of the investigation due to the fact that it is more often subjected to an impact of cyclic tensile stresses caused by a transport load. The required value for calculation of tensile stresses s at calculated temperature 0 has been accepted on the basis of executed estimations while using finite elements method and distribution of stresses has been determined along structure with 20 cm thickness due to load А2. Corresponding conclusions have been made in accordance with the obtained results.
Evaluation of the Ecosystem Services of the Central Marsh in Southern Iraq
Authors: Fazaa Nadheer A. , Dunn Jonathon C. , Whittingham Mark J.
Published: December 2018

Ecosystems provide humans with services that include benefits from food, fresh water, climate regulation, and socio-economic assets. The Mesopotamian marshlands are among the largest wetlands in the Middle East and they provide various benefits. However, ecosystem services of the Marshlands are consistently undervalued in national economic analysis and decision making. This study focusses on the Central Marshes, the first National Park in Iraq, and is the first attempt at valuing a series of ecosystem services from a valuable natural ecosystem in Iraq. We adopted the Toolkit for Ecosystem Services Site-Based Assessment (TESSA) for the determination of biophysical and economic values of services at the site level. Data on key ecosystem services (as determined by 30 interviews with residents of the Marshes) included the trading of fish, harvested plants, water buffalo milk, and fodder were collected across six months in 2014. We valued the ecosystem services within the CM (40,000 ha) over a 6-month period to have a total value of 860,078.23 USD. This estimated total value was the sum of 86,637.25 USD from harvested plants, 551,334.80 USD from trading fish, 167, 303.70 USD from trading water buffalo milk, and 54,804.00 USD from trading fodder. The average income per individual in Iraq in 2014 was 6720 USD (World Bank data - https://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq): thus, the CM provided an average salary for 256 people. Our results provided greater understanding of the ecosystem services contributed by the Central Marshes and has highlighted the crucial role of nature in supporting sustainable well-being for humans living in the area. In addition, the results can be used to enhance local policy, to aid management plans of the National park, and to estimate lost and damage that could result from impact of climate change on the area.
On Preradical of Semimodules
Authors: Alsaebari Sarah H. A. , Alhossaini Asaad M. A.
Published: December 2018

In this paper we study the notion of preradical on some subcategories of the category of semimodules and homomorphisms of semimodules.Since some of the known preradicals on modules fail to satisfy the conditions of preradicals, if the category of modules was extended to semimodules, it is necessary to investigate some subcategories of semimodules, like the category of subtractive semimodules with homomorphisms and the category of subtractive semimodules with ҽҟ-regular homomorphisms.
Comparison of Macintosh Laryngoscope and GlideScope® for Orotracheal Intubation in Children Older Than One Year
Authors: KILINÇ LEYLA , TURK HACER SEBNEM , CINAR SURHAN , ISIL CANAN TÜLAY , KABA MELTEM
Published: December 2018

Background: We compared intubation conditions, intubation times, and hemodynamic response with the GlideScope video laryngoscope or the Macintosh direct laryngoscope in children older than one year.
Methods: In total, 80 patients aged 1–12 years, scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were included in a prospective, randomized trial.After standard anesthesia induction, patients were randomized into two groups.The group G patients(n = 40) were intubated with the GlideScope and the group M patients(n = 40) were intubated with the Macintosh laryngoscope.Intubation time, number of attempts,Cormack–Lehane score, airway maneuvers,visual analog score were recorded. Hemodynamic variables were recorded before and after anesthesia induction, at intubation, and one,three, and five minutes after intubation.
Results: The demographic data and operation time were similar between the two groups. The intubation time was longer in Group G. The incidence of Cormack–Lehane score 1 was higher in Group G and that of Cormack–Lehane score 2 was higher in Group M. The hemodynamic parameters were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion: We concluded that the GlideScope video laryngoscope provided better glottis visualization, but prolonged intubation time. No beneficial hemodynamic effect was found with the video laryngoscope.
Keywords: Macintosh Laryngoscope, Orotracheal Intubation, Videolaringoscope, Pediatric
Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT03326882, retrospectively registered, October 31, 2017
Hail Damage Impacts on Corn Productivity: A Review
Authors: Battaglia Martín , Lee Chad , Thomason Wade , Fike John , Sadeghpour Amir
Published: December 2018

Hail influence on corn (Zea mays L.) yield depends on defoliation timing and severity. Complete defoliation during early vegetative stages can have minimum yield effects if plants’ growing point is not affected but can generate some delays in the planting to flowering period. Low‐severity defoliations after V10 can reduce yield up to 30%. Higher severities gradually increase yield penalties to a peak around flowering and decrease progressively during the grain‐filling period. Charts to estimate the percentage of corn yield loss due to defoliation developed in the late 1960s are still accurate in most situations but fail to describe particular situations. Defoliation around VT commonly affects time to silking, anthesis–silking interval, and plant growth rate, but not time to anthesis, and is commonly explained by lower kernel number (KN). Defoliation at R2 commonly affects kernel weight (KW), without changing KN. However, several studies showed a reduction in both KW and KN with R2 defoliations. Under low plant disease pressure, fungicides applied around VT do not help reduce any yield defoliation impact. Specific genotypes, row spacing, and hybrid maturity can influence crop yield defoliation responses. More studies are warranted to confirm the potential for narrow rows to reduce yield loss after defoliation.
Effects of Shading Stress on Grain Number, Yield, and Photosynthesis during Early Reproductive Growth in Wheat
Authors: Dong Baodi , Yang Hong , Liu Haipei , Qiao Yunzhou , Zhang Mingming , Wang Yakai , Xie Zhixia , Liu Mengyu
Published: December 2018

Climate change causes shading and threatens wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Understanding the effects of shading on grain number and morphological characteristics of winter wheat during the young microspore (YM) stage may secure grain yield. Field and pot experiments were performed with six widely planted winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain (NCP), subjected to 98% blocking of natural light for different shading durations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d) during the YM stage. Results showed that the YM stage was highly sensitive to shading stress, which significantly reduced grain number, causing grain yield loss. Moreover, response to shading varied among cultivars. Sensitive cultivars, such as Kenong9204 and Liangxing99, showed decreases in grain yield per plant of 32.2 to 74.9% and 25.7 to 91.4% in 2016 and 23.0 to 89.2% and 21.9 to 94.3% in 2017 with increasing shading duration. Reduction in grain yield with increasing shading duration was associated with decreasing grain number, grain weight, plant height, and dry matter weight of main stems and tillers. Tolerant cultivars Jimai32 and Henong825 experienced decreases in grain yield per plant of 8.2 to 17.3% and 11.3 to 14.2% in 2016 and 9.7 to 23.7% and 6.5 to 18.5% in 2017 with increasing shading duration. Adaptation of tolerant cultivars to shading was enhanced by rapid tiller development and photosynthesis recovery, inducing productive tillers to increase grain number per tiller, thus resulting in a smaller reduction in grain yield. Therefore, selecting shade‐tolerant cultivars may help to ensure high yield in winter wheat in fog‐haze areas of the NCP.
Genomic Selection Using Maize Ex‐Plant Variety Protection Germplasm for the Prediction of Nitrogen‐Use Traits
Authors: Mastrodomenico Adriano T. , Bohn Martin O. , Lipka Alexander E. , Below Frederick E.
Published: December 2018

Maize (Zea mays L) yield increases associated with better usage of N fertilizer, (i.e., increased N use efficiency [NUE]), will require innovative breeding efforts. Genomic selection (GS) for N‐use traits (e.g., uptake or utilization efficiency) may speed up the breeding cycle of programs targeting NUE in maize. We evaluated the GS accuracy of 12 N‐use traits for training populations (TPs) varying in composition (TC) and size, predicted yield performance under different N fertilizer rates, and investigated the usefulness of GS for NUE in maize breeding programs. A total of 552 maize hybrids were planted under low (0 kg N ha−1) and high N fertilizer (252 kg N ha−1) conditions across 10 environments. Training composition scenarios included T0 (hybrids in which none of the parents were included in the random subset of inbreds), T1 (hybrids in which one of their parents were included in the random subset of inbreds), and T2 (hybrids in which both of their parents were included in the random subset of inbreds). Training population sizes ranged from 10 to 40 or 30 to 90 hybrids, depending on the N‐use trait. Across different TC, TP sizes, and N‐use traits, GS accuracy ranged from −0.12 to 0.78 and was greatest with larger TP sizes when both parents of untested hybrids appeared in the training and validation sets (T2 hybrids). Moreover, GS accuracy in response to different TC and TP sizes was dependent on the N‐use trait. Successful breeding for N stress tolerance or improved yield response to N fertilizer level will require selection of specific N‐use traits.
The WASCAL Hydrometeorological Observatory in the Sudan Savanna of Burkina Faso and Ghana
Authors: Bliefernicht J. , Berger S. , Salack S. , Guug S. , Hingerl L. , Heinzeller D. , Mauder M. , Steinbrecher R. , Steup G. , Bossa A.Y. , Waongo M. , Quansah E. , Balogun A.A. , Yira Y. , Arnault J. , Wagner S. , Klein C. , Gessner U. , Knauer K. , Straub A. , Schönrock R. , Kunkel R. , Okogbue E.C. , Rogmann A. , Neidl F. , Jahn C. , Diekkrüger B. , Aduna A. , Barry B. , Kunstmann H.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

A new hydrometeorological observatory was established for the Sudan Savanna.

More than 30 hydrometeorological variables in subhourly resolution are provided.

Water, energy, and CO2 fluxes are monitored along a land use change gradient.

The data form the basis for an improved impact assessment of environmental changes.

It is an excellent platform for future field and modeling studies in West Africa.

Watersheds with rich hydrometeorological equipment are still very limited in West Africa but are essential for an improved analysis of environmental changes and their impacts in this region. This study gives an overview of a novel hydrometeorological observatory that was established for two mesoscale watersheds in the Sudan Savanna of Southern Burkina Faso and Northern Ghana as part of the West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) program. The study area is characterized by severe land cover changes due to a strongly increasing demand of agricultural land. The observatory is designed for long‐term measurements of >30 hydrometeorological variables in subhourly resolution and further variables such as CO2. This information is complemented by long‐term daily measurements from national meteorological and hydrological networks, among several other datasets recently established for this region. A unique component of the observatory is a micrometeorological field experiment using eddy covariance stations implemented at three contrasting sites (near‐natural, cropland, and degraded grassland) to assess the impact of land cover changes on water, energy, and CO2 fluxes. The datasets of the observatory are needed by many modeling and field studies conducted in this region and are made available via the WASCAL database. Moreover, the observatory forms an excellent platform for future investigations and can be used as observational foundation for environmental observatories for an improved assessment of environmental changes and their socioeconomic impacts for the savanna regions of West Africa.
Estimating Field Capacity from Volumetric Soil Water Content Time Series Using Automated Processing Algorithms
Authors: Bean Eban Z. , Huffaker Ray G. , Migliaccio Kati W.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

We evaluated approaches based on machine learning and soil water dynamic principles.

We compared automated analysis of soil moisture sensor time series for estimating field capacity.

Approaches accurately estimated field capacity compared with expert values.

Automated approaches needed to leverage temporally dynamic field capacity.

Vadose zone measurements of volumetric soil water content (θ) using soil moisture sensors (SMSs) have become more common due to advances in technology and reduction of costs. Soil moisture sensor data exhibit a characteristic cyclical pattern reflecting water flux dynamics into and out of the observed soil volume. Expert review of SMS datasets to distinguish valid from corrupt or incomplete soil water cycles is arguably the most precise method for determining field capacity (θFC) but is impractically cumbersome and time consuming for increasingly large SMS datasets. We evaluated competing approaches for automated soil water cycles analysis that use widely available R packages based on pattern recognition and machine learning (findpeaks [R‐FP], symbolic aggregate approximation [R‐SAX], and density histogram [R‐DH]), and a MATLAB code based on soil water dynamic principles (SWDP). These approaches were applied to three SMS datasets. Our empirical results showed superiority of R‐SAX for identifying valid soil water cycles, probably due to benefiting from training sets to calibrate to correct cycles. Two other approaches (SWDP and R‐FP) provided similar results without need of training sets or preprocessing data. Three approaches for estimating field capacity were applied to valid cycles, R‐FP, regression of exponential decay (SWDP‐R), and estimated “knee” of curve (SWDP‐K). Each performed similarly to the expert defined values, with R‐FP and SWDP‐R generally performing best across analyses. Results of this study also show temporal dynamics of θFC within datasets used here. There is potential for optimizing θFC and a need for automated, objective analysis to leverage dynamics in irrigation management and modeling.
Data analysis and forecasting of tourism development in Ukraine
Authors: Roskladka Andrii , Roskladka Nataliia , Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr , Kharlamova Ganna , Kiziloglu Mehmet
Published: December 2018

The article contains a thorough study of tourist flows in Ukraine during the last 18 years. The tendencies of the development of international tourism during the last 20 years and their influence on the development of tourism in Ukraine have been explored. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of inbound tourist flows. The negative dynamics of tourist arrivals in Ukraine led to the construction of a forecast model for the development of this component of tourism activity with the aim of an objective assessment of future tourist arrivals and the adoption of effective management decisions on improving the situation of tourism in Ukraine. Tourist destinations today are rigorously competing for consumer interest in tourism products. In view of this, tourist facilities operating in the tourist market place particular emphasis on the elements of tourism marketing (product, price, distribution, advertising, human capital, actual data, processes).Modern forecasting systems and methods have been used to build a forecast of tourism development in Ukraine and, in particular, arrivals of foreign tourists to Ukraine. An analytical forecasting model was built by the system of CurveExpert in the form of a polynomial function, analytical forecasting models were built by the system of computer algebra Maple in the form of piecewise linear and piecewise polynomial functions. Numerical prediction models in the MathCAD system using different types of spline-interpolation and predictive functions have been constructed. A comparative analysis of the results of forecasting in different systems was carried out. The results of the comparative analysis give confidence in the development of inbound tourism in Ukraine.
Salmonellaand the changing environment: systematic review using New York State as a model
Authors: Welch Kevin , Shipp-Hilts Asante , Eidson Millicent , Saha Shubhayu , Zansky Shelley
Published: December 2018

Salmonella is a public health concern, for which a complex interplay between host, agent, and environment exists. An improved understanding of causal processes can be used to better gauge the causes and trajectory of Salmonella in a changing environment. This would be useful in determining the impact of climate change on the New York State (NYS) environment, the effect of climate change on Salmonella in NYS, factors contributing to Salmonella vulnerability in humans, and aspects of climate change and Salmonella which necessitate further research. A systematic review was conducted to study associations between Salmonella and the environment. Using the search criteria, a total of 91 relevant articles were identified from four electronic databases. Key information was abstracted, organized, and synthesized to identify causal processes and linkages between climate change, the environment of NYS, and Salmonella-related outcomes, as well as risk factors to characterize Salmonella vulnerabilities. Three inter-related domains were identified for consideration and application to epidemiological research to confirm and extrapolate disease patterns using climate change scenarios: improved quantification of causal relationships, inclusion of factors linked to sectors not immediately associated with the exposure and outcome, and increased capacity to validate models in diverse settings.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Nanocrystals as Effective Delivery Systems of Poorly Water-soluble Natural Molecules
Authors: Lai Francesco , Schlich Michele , Pireddu Rosa , Fadda Anna Maria , Sinico Chiara
Published: December 2018

:

Natural products are an important source of therapeutically effective compounds
throughout the world. Since ancient times, a huge amount of both plant extracts and isolated
compounds have been largely employed in treatment and prevention of human disorders and,
currently, more than 60% of the world’s population trusts on plant medicaments as demonstrated
by the increasing quantity of herbal therapeutics in the market.

:

Unfortunately, several promising natural molecules for the treatment of the most diverse ailments
are characterized by extremely unfavourable features, such as low water solubility and
poor/irregular bioavailability, which hinder their clinical use. To overcome these limitations
and to make herbal therapy more effective, different formulative approaches have been employed.

:

Among the different strategies for increasing drug solubility, nanocrystals can be considered
one of the most interesting and successful approaches. Drug nanocrystals are nanosized drug
particles usually formulated as nanosuspensions, namely submicron dispersions in liquid media
where surfactants, polymers, or a mixture of both act as stabilisers.

:

In this review, we described the most significant results and progresses concerning drug
nanocrystal formulations for the delivery of natural compounds with a significant pharmacological
activity. The text is organized in nine sections, each focusing on a specific poorly water-
soluble natural compound (apigenin, quercetin, rutin, curcumin, baicalin and baicalein,
hesperetin and hesperidin, resveratrol, lutein, silybin).

:

To foster the clinical translation of these natural nanomedicines, our opinion is that future research
should pair the essential pharmacokinetic studies with carefully designed pre-clinical
experiments, able to prove the formulation efficacy in relevant animal models in vivo.
HIV-specific T-cell Responses and Generalized Activation in HIV-1 Infected Long-term Non-progressors and Progressors from South India
Authors: Swathirajan Chinnambedu Ravichandran , Vignesh Ramachandran , Waldrop Greer , Shanmugasundaram Uma , Nandagopal Pannerselvam , Solomon Sunil Suhas , Pradeep Amrose , Saravanan Shanmugam , Murugavel Kailapuri Gangatharan
Published: December 2018

Background:

Anti-viral cytokine expressions by cytotoxic T-cells and lower activation rates have been reported to correlate with suppressed HIV replication in long-term non-progressors (LTNP). Immune mechanisms underlying disease non-progression in LTNP might vary with HIV-1 subtype and geographical locations.

Objective:

This study evaluates cytokine expression and T-cells activation in relation to disease non-progression in LTNP.

Methods:

HIV-1 Subtype C infected LTNP (n=20) and progressors (n=15) were enrolled and flowcytometry assays were performed to study HIV-specific CD8 T-cells expressing IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and MIP-1β against gag and env peptides. CD4+ T-cell activation was evaluated by surface expression of HLADR and CD38.

Results:

Proportions of cytokines studied did not differ significantly between LTNP and progressors, while contrasting correlations with disease progression markers were observed in LTNP. CD4+ T-cell activation rates were significantly lower in LTNP compared to progressors which indicate the potential role of T-cell activation rates in disease non-progression in LTNP.

Conclusion:

LTNP and progressors showed similar CD8+ T-cell responses, but final conclusions can be drawn only by comparing multiple immune factors in larger LTNP cohort with HIV-1 infected individuals at various levels of disease progression. A possible role of HIV-1 subtype variation and ethnic differences in addition to host-genetic and viral factors cannot be ruled out.
Diagnostic Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Versus Ziehl-Neelsen Method for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Taddese Boja D. , Desalegn Daniel M. , Misganaw Abay S. , Kitila Kumera T. , Hailu Tinsae Kidanemariam , Bika Abraham T.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Worldwide Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, positioning on top of Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) and it is still an eminently serious public health problem. In developing countries, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-stained sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used diagnostic method in diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB). This study was aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of ZN-method with Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of PTB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods:

Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2016 to June 2017 on a total of 244 sputum samples collected from presumptive TB patients. The L-J sputum culture was used as a gold standard to compare the diagnostic performances of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and ZN-methods. Kappa values were analyzed by using statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 software at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of ZN-stained sputum smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF assay were calculated against the gold standard.

Results:

The Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of ZN-stained sputum smear microscopy were 68.38%, 95.28%, 93.02% and 76.58% respectively, while for Xpert MTB/ RIF assay were 88.89%, 81.89%, 81.89% and 88.89% respectively. The results of the two diagnostic approaches were concordant with the gold standard with a kappa value of ZN 0.650 and 0.743 for Xpert MTB/RIF assay.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was better than ZN-stained direct sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Monitoring Online Discussions About Suicide Among Twitter Users With Schizophrenia: Exploratory Study
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Naslund John A , Brownstein John S , Hawkins Jared B
Published: December 2018

Background

People with schizophrenia experience elevated risk of suicide. Mental health symptoms, including depression and anxiety, contribute to increased risk of suicide. Digital technology could support efforts to detect suicide risk and inform suicide prevention efforts.

Objective

This exploratory study examined the feasibility of monitoring online discussions about suicide among Twitter users who self-identify as having schizophrenia.

Methods

Posts containing the terms suicide or suicidal were collected from a sample of Twitter users who self-identify as having schizophrenia (N=203) and a random sample of control users (N=173) over a 200-day period. Frequency and timing of posts about suicide were compared between groups. The associations between posting about suicide and common mental health symptoms were examined.

Results

Twitter users who self-identify as having schizophrenia posted more tweets about suicide (mean 7.10, SD 15.98) compared to control users (mean 1.89, SD 4.79; t374=-4.13, P<.001). Twitter users who self-identify as having schizophrenia showed greater odds of tweeting about suicide compared to control users (odds ratio 2.15, 95% CI 1.42-3.28). Among all users, tweets about suicide were associated with tweets about depression (r=0.62, P<.001) and anxiety (r=0.45, P<.001).

Conclusions

Twitter users who self-identify as having schizophrenia appear to commonly discuss suicide on social media, which is associated with greater discussion about other mental health symptoms. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, as it is not possible to determine whether online discussions about suicide correlate with suicide risk. However, these patterns of online discussion may be indicative of elevated risk of suicide observed in this patient group. There may be opportunities to leverage social media for supporting suicide prevention among individuals with schizophrenia.
Leadership Coaching and Mentoring: A Research-Based Model for School Partnerships
Authors: Gray Julie Anne
Published: December 2018

This conceptual article proposes a research-based model for leadership preparation programs to more effectively prepare, support, and sustain new school leaders in the field and profession. This study offers a new construct, which combines the concepts of early field experiences, experiential learning, leadership-focused coaching, and mentoring support, with university faculty and school district leaders and mentors working collaboratively to support novice leaders. University faculty would provide leadership-focused coaching while prospective leaders are completing coursework and later once they are placed in school leadership positions. Further, school districts would provide mentoring support by experienced instructional leaders.
INFLUENCE MODELS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING, AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Octavia Ade , Zulfanetti Zulfanetti , Erida Erida
Published: December 2018

Purpose-the increasing of SME number in Indonesia is not followed by the increasing of business performance, although various managerial and entrepreneural tranings, as well as busniness advocations has been given intensively by government. The objective of this research is to analise the impact  of entrepreneural orintation, market orientation, managerial  skill,and entrepreneurship training on SMEs business performance. Design/methodology/ approach- the approach used is survey method. Data gathered from 200 respondents accross for districts or city in Jambi Province,  and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) used as analysing tool.  Findings- this research find  that the business performance is influenced  by the level of entrepreneural orientation and the attending of entrepreneurship training. Management skill is the intervening variable between entrepreneurship traning and business performance. The result also find that market orientation is an intervening for the relationship between entrepreneural orientation and business performance.
Pengaruh Lokasi dan Kreativitas Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kawasan Wisata Gentala Arasy Kota Jambi
Authors: Ekasari Novita , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: December 2018

Wirausaha diakui sebagai elemen kunci dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi danpenciptaan lapangan kerja. Agar keberhasilan perusahaan atau usaha yang diinginkan maksimal didalam berwirausaha harus didukung oleh kemampuan seorang pengusaha atau wirausaha itu sendiri yaitu kemampuan dalam hal pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan, dan kematangan emosional. Salah satu kemampuan yang penting dimiliki oleh seorang wirausaha adalah kemampuan untuk menganalisis dan memprediksi suatu lokasi apakah tepat atau tidak untuk dijadikan sebagai tempat lokasi usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Lokasi dan Kreativitas Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kawasan Wisata Gentala Arasy Kota Jambi. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 orang pelaku UMKM di Kawasan Gentala Arasy dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesiner.dan perhitungan hasil menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Secara Simultan Lokasi dan Kreativitas merupakan satu kesatuan dalam menciptakan Keberhasilan Usaha  bagi para pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Kawasan Gentala Arasy Kota Jambi. Lokasi dan Kreativitas berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keberhasilan usaha dipengaruhi sebesar 65,5% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 34,5% dipengaruhi atau dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian ini. Secara parsial variabel yang memberikan pengaruh terbesar terhadap keberhasilan usaha adalah variable lokasi dengan pengaruh sebesar 66,53% .
Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Sarana dan Prasarana Belajar di SMA Swasta Pelita Raya Kota Jambi
Authors: Muspawi Mohamad , Claudia Peavey Resa
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sarana dan prasarana belajar yang dimiliki serta pemanfaatan sarana dan prasarana oleh guru dan kualitas sarana dan prasarana di SMA Swasta Pelita Raya Kota Jambi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus (case study) yaitu suatu metode yang bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian atau fakta, keadaan, fenomena, variabel dan keadaan yang terjadi saat penelitian berlangsung dengan menyuguhkan apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Objek penelitian ini meliputi berbagai pihak, yaitu kepala sekolah, waka bidang sarana dan prasarana, dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sarana dan prasarana belajar di SMA Swasta Pelita Raya sudah memenuhi standar, guru telah memanfaatkan sarana dan prasarana belajar untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar menjadi efektif serta memudahkan guru memberikan materi pelajaran kepada siswa, akan tetapi ditemukan kendala dalam hal pembaharuan, ada beberapa sarana dan prasarana sudah tidak layak pakai tetapi belum diperbaharui oleh pihak sekolah, hal ini menyebabkan terkendalanya guru dalam proses belajar mengajar. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disarankan agar memberikan perhatian maksimal terhadap keadaan ruang kelas dan cepat dalam memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana belajar di kelas yang sudah tidak layak agar proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan dengan efektif.
Compreensão de leitura em profissionais surdos de uma instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Vieira Adriana Fachinelli , Ichitani Tatiane , Cunha Maria Claudia
Published: December 2018

Introdução: A leitura é uma prática importante para a comunicação e compreensão do mundo à nossa volta. Pesquisas apontam que sujeitos surdos apresentam dificuldades significativas na compreensão de leitura. Objetivo: avaliar a compreensão de leitura em profissionais surdos de uma instituição de ensino superior. Método: Casuística: 14 sujeitos adultos surdos, alfabetizados, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária entre 20,6 e 42,7 anos. Procedimento: FASE 1: Aplicação do Teste Cloze a partir de um texto jornalístico com aproximadamente 200 palavras, 30 lacunas. FASE 2: Diante dos resultados obtidos, eles foram contatados para desempenhar nova tarefa linguística: leitura seguida de elaboração de resumo escrito do texto original. Seis sujeitos aceitaram participar dessa fase. Critérios de interpretação dos resultados: as respostas do teste Cloze foram categorizadas em: correta, possível, incorreta e em branco. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados. Os resumos foram analisados qualitativamente. Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos obteve pontuação significativamente abaixo do total máximo no teste Cloze. Dos 6 participantes da fase 2, apenas um não apresentou no resumo as informações essenciais do texto. Conclusão: O desempenho em compreensão de leitura, desses sujeitos, é dificultado pelos aspectos formais do código linguístico (morfológicos e sintáticos) e favorecido pelos aspectos semânticos e pragmáticos mobilizados para realização de resumos escritos.
ESTETIKA ORNAMEN RUMOH ACEH LUBUK SUKON KECAMATAN INGIN JAYA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Maulana Indra , Akmal Ahmad , Yulika Febri
Published: December 2018

AbstrakRumoh Aceh merupakan rumah tradisional milik masyarakat Aceh. Saat ini rumoh Aceh masih dijaga dan dirawat oleh masyarakat Aceh di Desa Lubuk Sukon Kecamatan Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Pada tahun 2012 Lubuk Sukon ditetapkan sebagai Desa Wisata oleh Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Aceh untuk dijadikan sebagai objek wisata budaya. Rumoh Aceh merupakan rumah panggung dan dihiasi oleh berbagai ukiran ornamen yang mempunyai makna filosofi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan di analisis menggunakan pendekatan teori estetika dan teori motif untuk melihat keindahan bentuk dan pemaknaan ornamen rumoh Aceh. Ornamen yang terdapat pada rumoh Aceh merupakan ornamen hasil representasi dari bentuk flora terdiri dari bentuk motif bungong mawo, motif pucoek rebong, motif pucok labu, dan motif oen ranub. Bentuk fauna terdiri dari motif ayam. Bentuk kaligrafi terdiri dari motif tulisan Allah dan Laa Ilaha Illallah. Bentuk alam terdiri dari motif awan, motif bulan dan motif bintang. Bentuk alam benda terdiri motif kupiah meuketop, motif rante dan motif lungkandet serta motif geometris. Motif-motif tersebut memiliki makna filosofis sebagai kearifan lokal dari nilai budaya Aceh dalam mengatur kehidupan sosial masyarakat.           Kata Kunci: estetika, ornamen, rumoh Aceh AbstractRumoh Aceh is a traditional house belongs to the people of Aceh. The current house is still maintained and cared for by the people of Aceh in the village of Lubuk Sukon Sub District Ingin Jaya Regency Aceh Besar. In the year 2012 Lubuk Sukon established as a Village by the cultural and Tourism Office of Aceh to serve as the cultural attractions. Rumoh Aceh is the home stage and decorated by various carved ornaments that have a meaning of philosophy. This study uses qualitative methods and analysis using the approach in the theory of aesthetics and theory of a motifs to see the beauty of the shape and definition of ornament rumoh Aceh. Ornament in the house It is the result of the representation of the form of the ornament flora consist of bungong mawo motif, pucoek rebong motif, pucok labu motif, and oen ranub motif. The form of fauna consists of a chicken motif. The forms of calligraphy consisting of motif writing Allah and Laa Ilaha Illallah. The form of naturals form consists of cloud motif, the motif of the Moon and stars motif. The forms natural objects composed kupiah meuketop motif, rante motif and lungkandet motif as well as geometric motif. These motifs have philosophical meaning as the local wisdom of Aceh cultural values in governs social life of society.   Keywords: aesthetica, ornament, rumoh Aceh
ANALISIS KARYA GAMBAR BENTUK SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 SIMANGUMBAN BERDASARKAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP SENI RUPA
Authors: Nainggolan Maddina , Silaban Brisman , Azis Adek Cerah Kurnia
Published: December 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil karya siswa yaitu dalam menggambar bentuk siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Simangumban berdasarkan  prinsip-prinsip seni rupa. Objek yang yang digambar adalah botol dan gelas. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh hasil karya gambar bentuk siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Simangumban yang berjumlah 124 karya. dan sampelnya yaitu 30 karya dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengetahui bagaimana hasil karya gambar bentuk siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Simangumban terlebih dahulu, mendeskripsikan gambaran yang diteliti dan dinilai berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip seni rupa yang telah ditentukan.Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan karya yang dihasilkan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip seni rupa memiliki kualitas yang cukup dengan nilai rata-rata = 62,13. Secara terperinci, nilai rata-rata berdasarkan kelima prinsip-prinsip seni rupa sebagai berikut: prinsip kesatuan = 63,71, prinsip proporsi  = 65, prinsip komposisi = 64, Prinsip keseimbangan = 59,22, dan prinsip terang gelap = 57,18.Kata Kunci: karya gambar bentuk, prinsip-prinsip seni rupa.AbstractThis study aims to find out the results of students' work, namely in drawing the form of class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Simangumban based on the principles of fine arts. The objects that are drawn are bottles and glasses. The population in this study is all the drawings of students in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Simangumban, totaling 124 works. and the samples are 30 works using the Random Sampling technique. This study uses descriptive qualitative method by knowing how the results of the work of the VII grade students in SMP Negeri 1 Simangumban first, describe the picture that is researched and assessed based on predetermined art principles. The findings of this study indicate that the overall work produced based on the principles of fine art has sufficient quality with an average value = 62.13. In detail, the average value is based on the five principles of art as follows: principle of unity = 63.71, principle of proportion = 65, principle of composition = 64, principle of balance = 59.22, and principle of lightness = 57.18. Keywords: image form, principles of fine art.
DETERMINACY OF REFERENCE, SCHEMATIC THEORIES, AND INTERNAL CATEGORICITY
Authors: LUDUŞAN Adrian
Published: December 2018

The article surveys the problem of the determinacy of reference in the contemporary philosophy of mathematics focusing on Peano arithmetic. I present the philosophical arguments behind the shift from the problem of the referential determinacy of singular mathematical terms to that of nonalgebraic/univocal theories. I examine Shaughan Lavine’s particular solution to this problem based on schematic theories and an internalized version of Dedekind’s categoricity theorem for Peano arithmetic. I will argue that Lavine’s detailed and sophisticated solution is unwarranted. However, some of the arguments that I present are applicable, mutatis mutandis, to all versions of internal categoricity conceived as a philosophical remedy for the problem of referential determinacy of arithmetical theories.
BETWEEN DESPAIR AND BIO-CHEMISTRY. NOTES ON THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF ADDICTION
Authors: ICHIM Vlad
Published: December 2018

Although the phenomenon of addiction has existed, in one form or another, throughout the entire history, in contemporary society it takes new, more powerful forms, that need to be better understood. Also, today there are new methods and technologies of research, unavailable to past generations, that can shed new light on this complex matter. It is also advisable to use an interdisciplinary approach, as different areas of research can in fact cooperate to achieve a better understanding of addiction. It must also be taken into account that, being a very complex phenomenon, certain aspects of addiction can only be understood by certain sciences, and then the conclusions can be unified through the use of phenomenology. This study will try to perform precisely this kind of endeavor, revealing the phenomenon of addiction from more then one perspective, focusing on the many facets that it can have.