bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Service Retention within and across Cohorts using Limited Information
Authors: Schweidel David A. , Fader Peter S. , Bradlow Eric T.
Published: January 2019

Service churn and retention rates remain central as constructs in marketing activities, such as valuation of service subscribers and resource allocation. Although extant approaches have been proposed to relate service churn to external factors, such as reported satisfaction, marketing-mix activities, and so on, managers often face situations in which the only information available is the duration for which subscribers have had service. In such cases, can they forecast service churn and understand the contributing factors, which may allow for subsequent intervention? The authors propose a framework to examine factors that may underlie service retention in a contractual setting. Specifically, they use a model of retention that accounts for (1) duration dependence, (2) promotional effects, (3) subscriber heterogeneity, (4) cross-cohort effects, and (5) calendar-time effects (e.g., seasonality). Then, they apply the framework to subscription databases of seven services offered by a telecommunications provider, mirroring the format commonly used to forecast future service churn (and to make managerial decisions). Across all seven services, the inclusion of promotional effects always improves the forecast accuracy of retention behavior, whereas including cross-cohort effects does not significantly improve it. In five of the services, customer heterogeneity, calendar-time effects, and duration dependence also contribute to improved forecasts. The authors use these results to understand how the expected value of a subscription differs across model specifications. They find considerable variation across model specifications, indicating that model misspecification can affect resource allocation decisions and other marketing efforts that are important to a firm.
Competitive Response to Radical Product Innovations
Authors: Aboulnasr Khaled , Narasimhan Om , Blair Edward , Chandy Rajesh
Published: January 2019

Radical product innovations are often agents of creative destruction. They threaten to destroy existing market positions, and yet they often yield vast new market opportunities. This article examines how competitors respond to the introduction of radical product innovations. The authors argue that competitive response to radical product innovations is inherently different from response to the incremental innovations that are typically studied in existing research. They introduce the dual concepts of market expansion and entry thresholds to develop new hypotheses about competitive response. Some of these hypotheses contradict prior literature. Using objective data from the U.S. pharmaceutical industry between 1997 and 2001, they estimate a shared-frailty hazard model to explain the competitive response to radical product innovations. The results show that the likelihood of competitive response is substantially higher when the introducing firm is large or market dependent. Moreover, the response is highest when the innovation is introduced in a small market by a large firm. These results contradict those from much prior research on competitive response to product innovation.
The Relative Impact of Marketing, Research-and-Development, and Operations Capabilities on Firm Performance
Authors: Krasnikov Alexander , Jayachandran Satish
Published: January 2019

The impact of the marketing function on firm performance has been the focus of much recent research in marketing. Thus, the effect of marketing capability on firm performance, compared with that of other capabilities, such as research and development and operations, is an issue of importance to managers. To examine this issue and generate empirical generalizations, the authors conduct a meta-analysis of the firm capability–performance relationship using a mixed-effects model. The results show that, in general, marketing capability has a stronger impact on firm performance than research-and-development and operations capabilities. The results provide guidelines for managers and generate directions for further research.
Satisfaction, Complaint, and the Stock Value Gap
Authors: Luo Xueming , Homburg Christian
Published: January 2019

This article introduces the concept of a stock value gap—the shortfall of a firm's actual market value from its optimal market value, as measured by a best-performing benchmark. Using a large-scale, real-world database, the authors test the effects of both customer satisfaction and customer complaint on the stock value gap of firms. The results show that customer complaint has a stronger effect than customer satisfaction on the value gap. Furthermore, there is some support for the moderating influences of working capital and firm specialization. The results provide actionable guidelines to build a more complete customer equity dashboard and encourage managers to provide a supportive organizational environment to create shareholder value.
Interfirm Relational Drivers of Customer Value
Authors: Palmatier Robert W.
Published: January 2019

This article integrates social network and exchange theory to develop a model of customer value based on three relational drivers: relationship quality (the caliber of relational ties), contact density (the number of relational ties), and contact authority (the decision-making capability of relational contacts). The results suggest that the value generated from interfirm relationships derives not only from the quality of customer ties (e.g., trust, commitment, norms), as is typically modeled, but also from the number and decision-making capability of interfirm contacts and the interactions among relational drivers. Moderator analysis of customer characteristics suggests that increasing contact density benefits sellers that have customers with high employee turnover rates, whereas building relationships with key decisions makers generates the highest returns among customers that are more difficult to access. The conceptual model of the impact of interfirm relational drivers on customer value receives support from dyadic data across 446 business-to-business exchanges.
Effect of Service Transition Strategies on Firm Value
Authors: Fang Eric (Er) , Palmatier Robert W. , Steenkamp Jan-Benedict E.M.
Published: January 2019

The authors investigate the effectiveness of service transition strategies for generating shareholder value by evaluating secondary data pertaining to 477 publicly traded manufacturing firms during 1990–2005. The impact of a firm's transition to services on firm value (as measured by Tobin's q) remains relatively flat or slightly negative until the firm reaches a critical mass of service sales (20%–30%), after which point they have an increasingly positive effect. Furthermore, the effect of service sales on firm value depends on both firm and industry factors. Service transition strategies are more effective at enhancing value when the service offerings are related more to the firm's core business and when firms have more available resources (i.e., resource slack). The impact of adding services to core products on firm value amplifies as industry turbulence increases but diminishes when the firm's core products are in high-growth industries.
Performance Implications of Adopting a Customer-Focused Sales Campaign
Authors: Kumar V. , Venkatesan Rajkumar , Reinartz Werner
Published: January 2019

Through field experiments conducted in two business-to-business firms, the authors evaluate the financial and relational consequences of adopting a customer focus in sales campaigns. In both the experiments, salespeople adopting the customer-focused sales campaign coordinated their sales calls with the objective of selling all the products that a customer was predicted to purchase only at the time the customer was expected to purchase. The authors compare this strategy with the current practice in the organization in which salespeople for each product category independently contacted the customers who were expected to purchase in that category without any guidance on the expected timing of customer purchase. The experiments show that adopting a customer-focused sales campaign can significantly increase firm profits and return on investment. The total incremental profits obtained from implementing the customer-focused sales campaign was more than $1 million. High-revenue customers were the source of improvements in the efficiency of marketing contacts, whereas low-revenue customers were the source of improvements in the effectiveness of the marketing contacts. A customer-focused sales campaign also improved the relationship quality between the customer and the firm. This research provides empirical evidence for theoretical expectations of the benefits provided by a customer-focused sales campaign. Organizations can use the field experiments illustrated in this study as a template for implementing the first step in migrating to a customer-centric organization.
Competitive Density and the Customer Acquisition–Retention Trade-Off
Authors: Voss Glenn B. , Voss Zannie Giraud
Published: January 2019

The authors build on conceptual and analytic evidence to argue that firms can increase performance by shifting emphasis away from customer retention strategies toward customer acquisition strategies as competitive density (i.e., the number of competitors) increases and the marketplace becomes more dynamic. Empirical research using four data sources for a single artistic industry produces strong support for the moderation hypotheses. When competitive density is low, a customer retention strategy emphasizing close relationships with customers and adaptive learning enhances performance. When competitive density is high, a customer acquisition strategy emphasizing innovation and competitor learning enhances performance. Four key takeaways emerge. As competitive density increases, (1) the financial impact of choosing the right mix of resources and capabilities increases; (2) close customer relationships become liabilities, providing no revenue benefits and exerting a negative effect on net income; (3) close relationships with suppliers increase revenues but also expenses, so that net income decreases; and (4) adaptive learning lowers revenue and, even more so, expenses, so that net income increases. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and identify combinations of resources and capabilities that achieve different performance objectives.
Radical Innovation across Nations: The Preeminence of Corporate Culture
Authors: Tellis Gerard J. , Prabhu Jaideep C. , Chandy Rajesh K.
Published: January 2019

Radical innovation is an important driver of the growth, success, and wealth of firms and nations. Because of its importance, authors across various disciplines have proposed many theories about the drivers of such innovation, including government policy and labor, capital, and culture at the national level. The authors contrast these theories with one based on the corporate culture of the firm. They test their theory using survey and archival data from 759 firms across 17 major economies of the world. The results suggest the following: First, among the factors studied, corporate culture is the strongest driver of radical innovation across nations; culture consists of three attitudes and three practices. Second, the commercialization of radical innovations translates into a firm's financial performance; it is a stronger predictor of financial performance than other popular measures, such as patents. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.
Competing Loyalty Programs: Impact of Market Saturation, Market Share, and Category Expandability
Authors: Liu Yuping , Yang Rong
Published: January 2019

Loyalty programs have become an important component of firms’ relationship management strategies. There are now some industries in which numerous rival loyalty programs are offered, inducing intense competition among these programs. However, existing research on loyalty programs has often studied such programs in a non-competitive setting and has often focused on a single program in isolation. Addressing this gap, this research examines the effect of a firm's competitive positioning and market saturation on the performance of the firm's loyalty program. Based on the analysis of firm- and individual-level data from the airline industry, the results indicate that larger firms tend to benefit more from their loyalty program offerings than smaller firms. Moreover, when the product category demand is rigid, the impact of an individual loyalty program decreases as the marketplace becomes more saturated with competing programs. However, when the product category is highly expandable, the saturation effect disappears. Under such situations, loyalty programs can help an industry gain competitive advantage over substitute offerings outside the industry, and multiple programs can effectively coexist even under a high level of market saturation.
The Role of Within-Brand and Cross-Brand Communications in Competitive Growth
Authors: Libai Barak , Muller Eitan , Peres Renana
Published: January 2019

Consumer-generated communication processes have drawn increasing attention of marketers and researchers. However, an underresearched issue is that interpersonal communications are not always brand specific. Thus, a person can adopt a brand either as a result of communication with adopters of that brand (within-brand influence) or as a result of an interaction with adopters of competing brands (cross-brand influence). This study shows that the interplay between within- and cross-brand influence can have a substantial effect on the growth of markets under competition. The authors develop a model that explicitly represents these two influences and focus on the case of two otherwise identical competing brands with different entry times. As a result of within-brand influence, current customers create an interaction-based advantage for the first entrant, which grows with time. Thus, we illustrate how customers should be viewed as market assets who yield increasing returns during the diffusion process. Conversely, cross-brand influence enables a market follower to enjoy a shorter takeoff time. Given the combination of both, the authors predict the “dual pattern,” characterized by a fast takeoff for a follower, followed by a widening gap in favor of the first entrant, all else being equal. They show that such a pattern dominated the market growth of the cellular industry in Western Europe. They explain the reasons behind this dual pattern, rule out straightforward alternative explanations, and discuss the managerial implications.
Does Customer Demotion Jeopardize Loyalty?
Authors: Wagner Tillmann , Hennig-Thurau Thorsten , Rudolph Thomas
Published: January 2019

Hierarchical loyalty programs award elevated customer status (e.g., “elite membership”) to consumers who meet a predefined spending level. However, if a customer subsequently falls short of the required spending level, firms commonly revoke that status. The authors investigate the impact of such customer demotion on loyalty intentions toward the firm. Building on prospect theory and emotions theory, the authors hypothesize that changes in customer status have an asymmetric negative effect, such that the negative impact of customer demotion is stronger than the positive impact of status increases. An experimental scenario study provides evidence that loyalty intentions are indeed lower for demoted customers than for those who have never been awarded a preferred status, meaning that hierarchical loyalty programs can drive otherwise loyal customers away from a firm. A field study using proprietary sales data from a different industry context demonstrates the robustness of the negative impact of customer demotion. The authors test the extent to which design variables of hierarchical loyalty programs may attenuate the negative consequences of status demotions with a second experimental scenario study and present an analytical model that links status demotion to customer equity to aid managerial decision making.
Cross-Category Effects of Aisle and Display Placements: A Spatial Modeling Approach and Insights
Authors: Bezawada Ram , Balachander S. , Kannan P.K. , Shankar Venkatesh
Published: January 2019

Amid growing competition, retailers are increasingly interested in more effective aisle and display management strategies. These strategies involve placements of product categories in aisles and displays within each store to facilitate greater sales affinity (demand attraction) between categories to improve the store's share of customer wallet. The authors investigate the effects of aisle and display placements on the sales affinities between categories. They develop a spatial model of brand sales that allows for asymmetric store-specific affinity effects between two or more categories, while controlling for the effects of traditional merchandising and marketing-mix variables, such as price, feature, and display. They estimate the model on aggregate store-level data for regular cola and regular potato chip categories for a major retail chain, using hierarchical Bayesian methods. They show the usefulness and extension potential of the model through simulation of aisle placements for a third category. The results show that aisle and display placements have significant and sizable asymmetric effects on cross-category sales affinities comparable to those influenced by marketing-mix variables. Retail managers can use this detailed store-level model and subsequent insights to develop customized aisle and display management for their individual stores.
Predictors of the Gap between Program and Commercial Audiences: An Investigation using Live Tuning Data
Authors: Schweidel David A. , Kent Robert J.
Published: January 2019

Audience measures serve as the basis on which billions of dollars of television advertising are purchased each year. However, these measures often fall short of providing marketers and media planners with information about the size of the audience that has the opportunity to see advertisements during commercial breaks. Although program audience measures remain relevant for product placement, the size of the gap between the audience potentially exposed to programming and the audience exposed to commercial breaks has implications for advertisers and networks, affecting decisions such as program selection and ad pricing. The authors use a full television season of live tuning data to study variation across programs in the size of the program audience and the size of the gap between the potential program audiences and the potential commercial audiences, which is found to exceed 20% of the program audience in some cases. Across program genres, the authors find that dramas have increased program popularity and reduced ad avoidance, whereas reality television experiences increased ad avoidance. The analysis reveals the importance of incorporating show-specific random effects because their omission can result in spurious attribution of differences in ad avoidance and program popularity to genre. The authors discuss the implications for networks and advertisers.
The Service Models of Frontline Employees
Authors: Di Mascio Rita
Published: January 2019

Service literature has implicitly assumed that frontline employees (FLEs) share a common understanding of the term “customer service.” Perhaps because of this assumption, differences in FLE attitudes, behaviors, and performance have been ascribed to organizational characteristics, social environment, job characteristics, or personality. This article shows that FLEs’ interpretations of customer service also matter. Using qualitative and quantitative data, this study finds that three distinct interpretations of customer service, or service models, exist among retail FLEs: (1) the act of giving customers what they ask for, efficiently and courteously; (2) a means to accomplishing immediate objectives, such as sales quotas; and (3) the formation of mutually beneficial relationships with customers through problem solving. Service models are related to FLEs’ customer orientation, competence, surface and deep acting, and interpersonal values. The findings indicate that differences in FLEs’ attitudes, behaviors, and performance can arise from their keeping of different service models; illuminate individual-level beliefs underlying service typologies, such as goods- and service-dominant logic; and suggest that FLE recruitment and training should take service models into account.
The Diffusion of Market Orientation Throughout the Organization: A Social Learning Theory Perspective
Authors: Lam Son K. , Kraus Florian , Ahearne Michael
Published: January 2019

This study examines the diffusion of market orientation (MO) as a social learning process to acquire and transfer individual-level MO. Central to the diffusion are important work-group members, or envoys. Through their market-oriented action, top managers serve as market-oriented role models to two important types of observers in work groups—formal middle managers and work-group expert peers. In turn, these observers become top managers’ envoys and role models of market-oriented behavior to frontline employees. Empirical results from a three-level data set from a Fortune 500 company support this perspective. While envoys who are neither market oriented nor identified with the firm are the least effective, envoys who are not market oriented but are strongly identified with the firm are also detrimental. Network size hinders the informal route of learning through expert peers but not the formal route through middle managers. By identifying who the important work-group envoys are and under what conditions certain envoys are likely to be most effective, this study helps managers select the best envoys to implement MO.
Plural Governance in Industrial Purchasing
Authors: Heide Jan B.
Published: January 2019

This article examines the phenomenon of plural governance, a firm's simultaneous use of market contracting and vertical integration for the same basic transaction. The author studies two particular aspects of plural governance, namely the conditions that motivate firms to deploy plural governance and the manner in which one governance form influences the other when the two coexist in a joint structure. Drawing on agency theory and information economics, the author develops a set of research hypotheses and tests them empirically in the context of industrial purchasing decisions. The results suggest that the plural governance phenomenon can be understood from the perspective of solving information asymmetry problems between buyers and suppliers. The author discusses the implications of a “make and buy” approach to extant theory of interfirm governance, relationship management, and marketing strategy in business-to-business settings.
Structural analysis of conditions determining the selection of construction technology for structures in the centres of urban agglomerations
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina Elżbieta , Śladowski Grzegorz , Kania Ewelin
Published: January 2019

The process of constructing structures and the selection of technology is difficult due to a series of highly varied conditions - which are often difficult to foresee - associated with the construction of a building within a city centre. The goal of the article is the performance of a structural analysis of the most commonly occurring conditions that need to be considered in the context of the selection of a technology of constructing buildings in the centre of an urban agglomeration. Based on a literature study that had been performed, aswell as on a survey study performed on expects, the authors listed and characterised conditions that occur during the construction of structures in the centres of urban agglomerations. Afterwards, experts determined the impact of these factors and their mutual relations in the context of the selection of the technology of the construction of said structures. In order to determine the involvement and the role of the factors in the context of the selection of a technology of the construction of a structure, as well as its analysis, the authors used the WINGS (Weighted Influence Non-linear Gauge System) modelling and structural analysis method. This method takes into account both direct, as well as indirect relations between these factors. The study contained in the article constitutes a basis for the development of a comprehensive systemic approach supporting the decision-making process associated with the selection of a construction technology for a building to be built in the centre of an urban agglomeration.
The design method of rubber-metallic expansion joint
Authors: Jaszak Przemysław , Skrzypacz Janusz , Adamek Konrad
Published: January 2019

The paper present the method of designing a rubber expansion joints, intended for operation in the pressure class 25 bar. During the design used a numerical analysis,which based on the finite element method (FEM). The results from experimental test were used to correctly modeled the rubber or polyamide reinforcement. Basis on the obtained results, the hyperelastic model of the rubber was prepared, then the design of the rubber expansion joint was tested in different load case, i.e tensile or compressive deflection and pressurization.
A fuzzy reasoning approach to assess innovation risk in ecosystems
Authors: Abreu António , Martins José Moleiro , Calado João M. F.
Published: January 2019

Currently, companies to be competitive must achieve high rates of innovation and respond quickly to market needs.

According to a number of managers and researches innovation is crucial for companies to stay “alive." Taking into account several reports, the development of co-innovation networks based on a collaborative environment is the best strategy to support innovation projects. However, the absence of mechanisms to detect and even anticipate potential risks of innovation based on a collaborative approach is an obstacle to the proliferation of this way of working.

To address this issue, this paper discusses an approach based on fuzzy reasoning for analyzing the level of risk in co-innovation projects. It is discussed how this approach can be applied to co-innovation projects within the context of a collaborative ecosystem. At last, it is discussed the benefits, and challenges found on experimental results from a Portuguese co-innovation network.
Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in the argumentative writing of ESL and EFL learners
Authors: Barrot Jessie , Gabinete Mari Karen
Published: January 2019

Despite the growing body of research on the complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in second language writing, differences in CAF across ESL and EFL learner productions remain underexplored. Thus, this study sought to determine whether there is a systematic difference in the CAF of English writing among ESL and EFL college students. For this purpose, a total of 1,870 essays were collected from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English-Written or ICNALE-Written. The findings reveal different patterns in various measures of CAF in the written outputs of both the ESL and EFL groups. These findings suggest that writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency are not only influenced by proficiency level but also by learners’ L1 background. Findings further show moderate to high positive correlations between and among the components of each language dimension (i. e. complexity, accuracy, and fluency). Implications for ESL writing pedagogy and future studies are discussed.
The Improved Optical Heterodyne Scheme for RoF Systems Based on Optical Carrier Suppression and Optical Injection Locking Techniques
Authors: Zhu Kongfan , Li Yujun
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we proposed an improved optical heterodyne scheme based on optical carrier suppression (OCS) and optical injection locking techniques (OIL) for prospective applications in radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems to generate high-quality millimeter waves. In our scheme, the 60-Ghz millimeter wave signal is generated by heterodyning the outputs of two vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) that are optically injection locked by the two modulation sidebands provided by a 30-GHz externally modulated master tunable laser with suppressed center wavelength. The combined OCS and OIL heterodyne method are not only able to eliminate the phase noise caused by the instability of laser frequencies, but also can further suppress the center wavelength, thus improving the heterodyne performance. We evaluate the transmission quality of the proposed RoF system from the center station to base stations through simulation, and results prove our proposed OCS-OIL-heterodyne scheme to have error-free propagation within a distance of 40 km, better than the OCS-heterodyne scheme.
Forecasting Volatility Returns of Oil Price Using Gene Expression Programming Approach
Authors: Amo Baffour Alexander , Feng Jingchun , Fan Liwei , Buanya Beryl Adormaa
Published: January 2019

This study employs four (4) Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) variants namely GARCH (1, 1), Glosten–Jagannathan–Runkle (GJR), Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)-GARCH and ARIMA-GJR as benchmark models to assess the performance of a proposed novel Gene Expression Programming (GEP) based univariate time series modeling approach used to conduct ex ante oil price volatility forecasts. The report illustrates that the GEP model is more superior to any of the traditional models on issues relating to both loss functions applied. The GEP model is of a greater volatility forecasting precision at different forecast horizons, therefore. There is also the existence of evidence that GJR and ARIMA-GJR differ in their loss functions, the performance is nevertheless better than GARCH (1, 1) and ARIMA-GARCH. This study conducted herein achieves importance in literature by broadening the application of gene algorithms in finance and forecasting. It also solves the problem of high error associated with the use of GARCH related models in oil price volatility forecasting.
Discontinuation of imatinib mesylate could improve renal impairment in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Malkan Umit Y. , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim C.
Published: January 2019

We aim to report a CML case that had fluid retention and serum creatinine increase under long-term imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment. A 68-year-old woman was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia, and IM was started in 2002 with a dose of 400 mg/day. She had achieved complete hematological, molecular and cytogenetic remission under IM treatment. In September 2015, her creatinine level was 1.7 mg/dl. In May 2016, she was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. Hypervolemia secondary to fluid retention was detected in our patient. Her laboratory tests results showed hemoglobin 9.7 gr/dl, white blood cell 7.6x103/μl, platelet 157x103/μl, creatinine 3.2 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 88 mg/dl. In her X-ray chest film, bilateral pleural effusion was detected. The effusion was detected as transuda. The other reasons of pleural effusion were excluded and the development of pleural effusion was considered secondary to IM. IM was also considered responsible for the acute rise of serum creatinine levels of our patient. Therefore for these two reasons IM was stopped. After the discontinuation of IM, her creatinine levels decreased to 1.6 mg/dl and her pleural effusions disappeared. IM treatment was considered as the reason of serum creatinine elevation since serum creatinine levels decreased after the discontinuation of IM. All of the side-effects disappeared after discontinuation of IM.
Crystalline orthorhombic Ln[CO3][OH] (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) compounds hydrothermally synthesised with CO2 from air as carbonate source
Authors: Hämmer Matthias , Höppe Henning A.
Published: January 2019

Crystalline orthorhombic rare earth carbonate hydroxides Ln[CO3][OH] (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) were synthesised as phase pure powders via a simple hydrothermal reaction. CO2 from air acted as natural carbonate source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added as templating agent to an aqueous rare earth nitrate solution. Single-crystal X-ray structure determination was performed on La[CO3][OH] (Pnma, a=7.4106(5), b=5.0502(3), c=8.5901(6) Å, 563 independent reflections, 38 refined parameters, wR2=0.037), Pr[CO3][OH] (Pnma, a=7.2755(4), b=4.9918(3), c=8.5207(5) Å, 744 independent reflections, 38 refined parameters, wR2=0.04), Eu[CO3][OH] (Pnma, a=7.1040(4), b=4.8940(3), c=8.4577(5) Å, 1649 independent reflections, 38 refined parameters, wR2=0.05) and Gd[CO3][OH] (Pnma, a=7.069(7), b=4.874(5), c=8.464(9) Å, 431 independent reflections, 38 refined parameters, wR2=0.051). These findings are supported by powder XRD, infrared spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and, for Pr[CO3][OH] and Eu[CO3][OH], by measurements of the non-linear optical properties. Thermal analysis could demonstrate the possible use of the Ln[CO3][OH] phases as precursors for rare earth carbonate dioxides Ln
2[CO3]O2 and rare earth oxides Ln
2O3. The decomposition products inherit the precursor’s morphology. The lattice parameters of Pr2[CO3]O2 were refined from high-temperature powder XRD data.
CsTb3STe4 und CsTb5S2Te6: Zwei pseudo-ternäre Caesium-Terbium-Chalkogenide mit geordneten S2−- und Te2−-Anionen
Authors: Lissner Falk , Meyer Stephan P. , Schleid Thomas
Published: January 2019

By the oxidation of terbium metal with sulfur and tellurium in the presence of cesium bromide as flux at 850°C for 10 days, the first quaternary cesium terbium chalcogenides with ordered S2− and Te2− anions could be obtained as main products. The new compounds CsTb3STe4 and CsTb5S2Te6 occur as black needles. While CsTb3STe4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a=1924.08(16), b=433.61(3) and c=1493.47(13) pm for Z=4, CsTb5S2Te6 adopts the monoclinic space group C2/m with a=2146.17(18), b=431.42(3), c=1049.68(9) pm and β=102.064(3)° for Z=2. Both crystal structures are characterized by parallel cationic and anionic strands (

{

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STb

3

]

7
+

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∞
1

${}_\infty ^1\{ {[{\rm{ST}}{{\rm{b}}_{\rm{3}}}]^{7 + }}\} $

and

{

[

CsTe

4

]

7
−

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∞
1

${}_\infty ^1\{ {[{\rm{CsT}}{{\rm{e}}_4}]^{7 - }}\} $

for CsTb3STe4 as well as

{

[

S
2

Tb

5

]

11
+

}

∞
1

${}_\infty ^1\{ {[{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{T}}{{\rm{b}}_{\rm{5}}}{\rm{]}}^{11 + }}\} $

and

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CsTe

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for CsTb5S2Te6), all running along [010]. The cationic chains result from vertex-connected [STb4]10+ tetrahedra (d(S2−–Tb3+)=271–277 pm), whereas face-sharing bicapped trigonal or square prisms [CsTe6+2]15− or [CsTe8+2]19−, respectively, form their anionic counterparts.
Residual Properties of XD TMT Bars after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Tariq Faraz , Bhargava Pradeep
Published: January 2019

This article describes an experimental investigation carried out to study the influence of elevated temperatures on the residual mechanical properties of extra ductile hot-rolled XD 500 TMT deformed bars. The experimental study involved heated residual tests carried out on Extra Ductile (XD) Thermo-Mechanically Treated bars (TMT) rebar specimens after being exposed to various temperatures, such as 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 1,000°C, and subsequently cooling down to ambient conditions. A detailed description of the test results, observations, and discussion on results obtained from the testing, including comparisons with the available information in the existing relevant literature with particular emphasis on the influence of high temperature on ductility of extra ductile hot-rolled XD 500 TMT deformed bars has been presented. The results suggest better thermal performance of XD TMT over ordinary TMT and conventional hot-rolled rebars in terms of the aspects of mechanical response after exposure to elevated temperatures. The outcomes of this study have direct implications on the procedures used for predicting the ultimate behavior of structural elements during and following exposure to elevated temperatures.
Political and Economic Life in Afghanistan
Authors: Jackson Ashley , Minoia Giulia
Published: January 2019

In Afghanistan, relationship-based networks permeate formal governance institutions, the economy, and everyday life, regulating how resources are distributed. This paper argues that since 2001, modes of external intervention in Afghanistan have failed to understand these “rules of the game.” This paper sets out a new understanding of the power relations that govern engagement in politics and the economy.
Challenges of Late Development in Afghanistan
Authors: Pain Adam , Huot Danielle
Published: January 2019

Agriculture has been seen as the engine of growth for Afghanistan, but it has failed to deliver. Evidence from a long-term livelihood study points to a rural economy that is driven more by social relations than by market relations. These are underpinned by major land inequality and a distributional economy concerned with survival, given the absence of rural employment.
Mashar versus Kashar in Pakistan’s FATA
Authors: Akins Harrison
Published: January 2019

In 2016, Pakistan introduced a five-year plan to repeal the Frontier Crimes Regulation of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and integrate the region into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The political conflict between mashar (elders), who are advantaged by the law, and kashar (youth), who are disadvantaged by it, has been an obstacle to reform. This article also demonstrates that this conflict has been an endemic feature of the law since its establishment by British authorities in 1901.
State-Building in Afghanistan
Authors: Bizhan Nematullah
Published: January 2019

This article examines post-2001 state-building in Afghanistan. In so doing, it explores how interactions among aid, politics, and state capacity shaped the characteristics of the state by looking at the existing conditions, sources of state income, the development planning process, aid coordination and alignment, and interventions in building state capacity.
Petróleo y minería
Authors: Rodríguez Padilla Víctor
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se analiza de manera empírica la política mexicana en materia de extracción de petróleo, gas natural y otros minerales para discernir su naturaleza y alcance. Se concluye que el aprovechamiento de estos recursos se inscribe en un esquema extractivista que beneficia primordialmente a las empresas del ramo y se aleja del neoextractivismo practicado por gobiernos progresistas en América Latina. Asimismo, se señala que el extractivismo petrolero se ha potenciado con la liberalización de 2013–2014. En este marco, la degradación ambiental, las tensiones sociales y el agotamiento prematuro del patrimonio geológico son considerados como males menores de un progreso irrenunciable.

Taking an empirical approach, this article analyzes policies in Mexico concerned with the extraction of petroleum, natural gas and other minerals to establish their nature and reach. It concludes that the exploitation of these resources falls into an extractivist framework that primarily benefits the businesses of this industry and has moved away from neoextractivism as carried out by progressive governments in Latin America. Therefore, this article demonstrates that petroleum extractivism has been strengthened with the liberalization of 2013–14. In this framework environmental degradation, social tensions and the premature depletion of geological assets are considered lesser evils of unavoidable progress.
José Juan Tablada’s Creative Art Writing
Authors: Silva Manuel Gutiérrez
Published: January 2019

Amidst the violence of the Mexican Revolution, the poet José Juan Tablada published Mexico’s first modern artist’s book and art book: Hiroshigué: El pintor de la nieve, de la lluvia, de la luna y de la noche (1914). In design and content, Tablada’s art book was a cultural artifact unlike any other. By drawing on concepts from cultural and literary theory, and art history, I demonstrate how this art book addressed the nation’s cultural crisis and proposed a program for interpreting and reinventing it.

En medio de la violencia de la Revolución mexicana, el poeta José Juan Tablada publicó el primer libro de arte y libro de artista moderno en México: Hiroshigué: El pintor de la nieve, de la lluvia, de la luna y de la noche (1914). Tanto en materia de diseño como de contenido, el libro de arte de Tablada fue un artefacto cultural sin parangón. Mediante el recurso a conceptos de la teoría del arte y la teoría literaria, además de la historia del arte, me propongo mostrar cómo abordó este libro la crisis cultural de la nación y cómo planteó un programa para interpretarla y reinventarla.
Kinerja Penyuluh Pertanian Menurut Persepsi Petani: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Landak
Authors: Ardita Ardita , DWP Sucihatiningsih , Widjanarko Dwi
Published: January 2019

Peranan penyuluh sangat penting dalam menyampaikan program pembangunan pertanian dan memberdayakan sumber daya manusia (petani). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kinerja penyuluh pertanian di Kabupaten Landak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode campuran dengan penekatan embedded congruent. Responden dalam penelitian ini diambil dari petani komoditas padi di Kabupaten Landak dengan wilayah sampel penelitian Kecamatan Ngabang, Kecamatan Sengah Temila, dan Kecamatan Menyuke. Pengambilan sampel ditentukan secara purposive berjumlah 90 orang dalam pengisian koesioner, 4 orang informan primer dan 3 orang informan sekunder. Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan penilaian responden kinerja penyuluh pertanian rata-rata berada pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase masing-masing: faktor pembangunan sumber daya manusia (PSM) sebesar 71,33%, faktor pemindahan teknologi (PT) pertanian sebesar 70,09% dan faktor pengetahuan dan keterampilan metode penyuluhan sebesar 71,50%. Indikator yang menempati posisi paling tinggi diantaranya pengukuhan kegiatan sosial ekonomi, menyediakan dan menyebarkan informasi teknologi, dan metode penyuluhan kelompok/ meeting. Teknik pengukuran kinerja penyuluh pertanian dilakukan menggunakan instrumen berbentuk skala likert 4 tingkatan.The role of extension is crucial in delivering agricultural development programs and empowering human resources (farmers). The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of agricultural extension workers in Landak regency. This research uses the mix methods with embedded congruent approach. The respondents in this research were taken from paddy farmers in Landak regency with the sample areas in Ngabang district, Sengah Temila district, and Menyuke district. The sampling was determined purposively which includes 90 people in filling the questioner, four primary informants and three secondary informants.The results of quantitative analysis based on the respondents' assessment towards the performance of the agricultural extension workers showed averagely at high category with the percentage of each: human resource development factor (PSM) 71.33%, agriculture technology transfer factor (PT) amounted to 70.09% and the extension methods knowledge and skills factor is 71.50%. The highest indicators are; the inauguration of social and economic activities, the provision and the dissemination of information technology, and the methods of counseling groups/ meetings. Measurement techniques of agricultural extension performance was done using a four levels likert scale instrument.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Praktik Analitik bagi Calon Guru SMK Otomotif
Authors: Budiman Febrian Arif , Soesanto Soesanto , Widjanarko Dwi
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian yaitu menguji kevalidan, menganalisis kepraktisan, dan keefektifan dari Lembar Kerja Praktik Analitik (LKPA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan tahapan studi pendahuluan dan pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan desin produk, pengembangan rancangan produk awal, uji coba produk awal, revisi produk, dan uji coba produk skala terbatas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan dipadu dengan uji beda rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk LKPA melalui expertjudgment dinyatakan sangat valid dari segi teknologi pendidikan dan materi kelistrikan otomotif. Kepraktisan LKPA dinyatakan praktis digunakan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran praktikum. Skor tes kemampuan analitik sistem dan starter kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok kontrol dan skor tes kedua kelompok berbeda secara signifikan. Analisis keefektifan tersebut menyatakan bahwa LKPA efektif menguatkan kemampuan praktik dan analitik praktikan. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPA valid sebagai perangkat pembelajaran praktikum dan praktis digunakan untuk kegiatan praktikum, serta efektif meningkatkan kemampuan analitik, dan menguatkan kompetensi mahasiswa calon guru otomotif.The purpose this study is testing the validity, analyzing the practicality and effectiveness of analytic practice worksheets (LKPA). This study uses (R&D) method up to limited scale testing products. The data analysis uses descriptive analysis and combined with t-test. The results, products that are finalized with expert judgment are very valid in terms of educational technology and automotive electrical learning material. The practical, stated it practical to be used in practical learning activities. Analytical ability test scores of ignition system and starter system in experimental group test are higher than control group and the two groups are different significantly. The effectiveness analysis, states that LKPA is effective to strengthen the practice ability and analytic ability. The concluded that LKPA is valid as the tools of practical learning and practical to be used for practicum, and also effective in improving analytic capabilities, so there is a strengthening of the competence as the teacher candidates.
Development of Technopreneurship Learning Model in Vocational High School Machinery Program
Authors: Ismail Edy , Samsudi Samsudi , Widjanarko Dwi
Published: January 2019

This research aims to develop Technopreneurship learning model in package engineering expertise machining; test the effectiveness and practicality of the Technopreneurship learning model in package engineering expertise machining. The methods used are research and development. Subjects trials one Technopreneurship learning group. Instruments of colecting data are teacher and student’s questionnaire sheets, validation instruments, interpersonal, intrapersonal, skill observation sheet, product result, teachers and students response, cognitive test. Analysis of data with t test for effectiveness and practicality of learning. Results of the research is a Technopreneurship learning model that has 4 stages to improve attitudes technopreneur, develop products based on the results of an investigation into the need for appropriate technology tools in surrounding communities. Technopreneurship learning model effectively declared the results of post test better assessment of the results of pre-test assessment. Technopreneurship learning model implemented in the second semesters of grade XI who have taken industrial practice. Teachers must have a productive capabilities and entrepreneurship.