bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Lipid Levels in Relation to Disease Severity in Sickle Cell Anaemia in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nnachi OC , Edenya OO , Okoye HC , Akpa CO , Nwani FO , Nwani EI
Published: September 2023

Background: Dyslipidaemia has been implicated in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications; hence its role requires further elucidation.
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between disease severity and plasma lipid levels of patients with sickle cell anaemia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for the survey. A total of 50 patients with sickle cell anaemia and 50 controls without SCD were recruited for the study. The clinical data and plasma lipid levels of lipids and haemoglobin parameters were analysed.
Results: The majority of the participants were aged 18-25 years. Total plasma cholesterol and HDL-C were significantly lower in individuals with SCA compared with the controls (3.3±1.2 vs 4.2±1.2; p<0.001) and (1.3±0.5 vs 1.5±0.4; p = 0.038) respectively. Most patients with SCA had moderate disease severity (24; 48%). There was no statistically significant difference in the plasma levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C across the disease severity groups of SCA (p = 0.694 and 0.262). There was also no significant correlation between total cholesterol, HDL-C, and markers of haemolysis, haemoglobin F, and haemoglobin S levels.
Conclusion: SCA is characterised by lower mean plasma TC and HDL than controls. However, no relationship was found between TC, HDL levels and SCD disease severity, markers of haemolysis, HbF and HbS levels. Further studies are required to ascertain the implications of plasma lipid levels in SCD.
Sex-Related Differential Prevalence of Central Obesity in Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-centred Survey in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Mshelia-Reng R , Lawal Y , Odiase SO , Shuaibu R , Odumodu K , Anumah FE
Published: September 2023

Background: Contrary to the old dictum that central obesity is more common among men than women, recent reports have shown a gradual reversal of this trend, as suggested by some studies.
Objective: To compare the prevalence of central obesity among men and women with Diabetes mellitus in North-Central Nigeria.
Methods: This multi-centred, cross-sectional study was conducted across 20 hospitals in Abuja, Nasarawa State, and Niger State, involving 1040 participants. Some obesity indices (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) were measured.
Results: The prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference criterion) was significantly higher in the females compared to male participants (89.6% vs 51.6%, χ2 = 1231.37, p<0.001), similar to the prevalence determined by waist-height ratio criterion (female vs male, 88.8% vs 71.5%, χ2 = 58.83, p<0.001). Following correction for age, duration of diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, blood glucose, and glycated haemoglobin using logistic regression, female gender remained a significant determinant of central obesity (OR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.81-3.83, p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The prevalence of central obesity was higher among women than men in a cross-section of patients with diabetes mellitus in North-Central Nigeria.
Catatonia in Renal Failure and Major Depressive Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Fasesan OA , Alakeji IA
Published: September 2023

Catatonia is an acutely evolving and severe medical emergency. It occurs in several medical and psychiatric disorders but is often missed or misdiagnosed. There are majorly three different categories; the retarded, excited and malignant types. The latter is the most severe due to the associated autonomic instability. Much is unknown about the pathophysiology, but dysfunction of cortico-cortical modulation and a "top-down modulation" of the basal ganglia resulting from a deficiency of GABA in the cerebral cortex, resulting in motor dysfunction and glutamate hyperactivity and dopamine hypoactivity at the D2 receptor have been proposed. Benzodiazepines, especially Lorazepam, are reportedly effective, but reports of other benzodiazepines, Zopiclone and trials of mood stabilisers are documented. Electroconvulsive therapy is the suggested next line of action in case benzodiazepine fail, while the use of antipsychotic in catatonia is inconclusive. We present a case series of catatonia in 1) acute on chronic renal failure, complicated with uraemic encephalopathy and 2) severe depressive disorder with psychotic features. Physicians are encouraged to have a high index of suspicion to forestall the lethal complications.
EDUKASI PERSIAPAN PERSALINAN NORMAL TANPA RASA SAKIT DENGAN METODE INTRATHECAL LABOUR ANALGESIA (ILA)
Authors: Rahmawati Erythrina Rizki , Lestari Daniar Hani , Aghani Fandi Nur , Swandari Riska , Widiyawati Wiwik , Widiharti Widiharti
Published: September 2023

Salah satu kecemasan para ibu menjelang persalinan adalah menghadapi rasa nyeri. Apalagi bagi calon ibu yang belum pernah melahirkan sebelumnya. Nyeri selama persalinan adalah sesuatu yang normal, karena nyeri ini berasal dari kontraksi uterus. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang persiapan persalinan dalam upaya memperkenalkan metode ILA untuk persalinan normal.

            Metode pengabdian masyarakat ini deskriptif, populasinya yaitu ibu hamil yang ada di poli kandungan RS. Muhammadiyah Gresik sebanyak 35 orang. Sampel pengabdian masyarakat ini dipoli kandungan RS Muhammadiyah Gresik. Metode yang digunakan selama pengabdian masyarakat adalah ceramah dan diskusi. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat didapatkan jumlah ibu hamil terbanyak pada rentang usia 20-25 tahun sebanyak 13 orang. Tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMA yaitu sebanyak 22 orang, jenis pekerjaan responden terbanyak tidak bekerja atau ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 19 orang. Tingkat pengetahuan baik sebanyak 23 orang, dari 35 responden. tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, jumlah anak, tingkat pengetahuan dengan minat pemilihan metode ILA rata – rata diatas 60%. usia, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, jumlah anak, tingkat pengetahuan dengan persiapan persalinan rata – rata diatas 30%. Kesimpulan dari edukasi persiapan ibu hamil dengan persalinan normal tanpa rasa sakit dengan metode intrathecal labour analgesia adalah baik. Dari data yang didapatkan jumlah minat ibu hamil yang akan melahirkan dengan metode ILA diatas 80%.
Aquasomal drug delivery system: A special emphasis on the formulation techniques and applications
Authors: Rajak Prakash , Islam Rofiqul , Karmakar Arka , Bhuyan Biman
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Aquasome is a self-assembled nanoparticulate carrier system with three layers. The system is made up of a polyhydroxy oligomer-coated inner nanocrystalline solid core. Adsorbed on the coated layer are drug molecules or biochemically active compounds. Self-assembly in this sense refers to the independent formation of molecules into organised, long-lasting, and non-covalently bonded patterns.This paper gives an overview of aquasome formation, covering structural properties, formulation methodologies, and the benefits and drawbacks of this novel drug delivery technology. The article primarily addresses the formulation processes used to create self-assembled nanostructures and their various possible applications.
Method: Several online databases, including Science Direct, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, were used in the literature search. The datasets were searched for entries of studies up to July, 2023. The review paper especially addresses many elements of aquasome formation by various researchers employing methods/modified techniques such as co-precipitation, self-precipitation, sputtering, and and so forth. It also illustrates a variety of fields of therapy in which aquasome has been recognised to have a major influence, such as oxygen and extract carrier.
Results: The solid core is responsible for providing structural stability, while the oligomeric coating is crucial for safeguarding against dehydration and stabilising the bioactive molecules. This biodegradable drug delivery vehicle at the nanoscale level exhibits a tendency to accumulate in the liver and muscles. The non-modification of drug adsorption onto the aquasome surface facilitates prompt pharmacological response by allowing unobstructed receptor recognition at the action site. 
Conclusions: Aquasome, a three-layered self-assembled molecule, is a simple yet new drug delivery system with promising carrier potentials to increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Despite a host of challenges, such as time consumption, sophisticated processes, safety, and expensive research costs, aquasome may emerge as an alternative vesicular carrier in the future.
The problem of human improvement in modern society: Man and machine
Authors: Artemenkov Alexey Alexandrovich
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study is to find an approach to solving the problem of human improvement through the understanding of human-machine interaction. The paper deals with the issue of human improvement and discusses the ethical side of the change in human physicality in connection with the development of convergent technologies. A philosophical analysis of Gregory of Nyssa’s teachings about the structure of man is carried out. The content of Leonardo da Vinci’s anatomical drawings is analysed and R. Descartes’ opinion on comparing the human body with an automaton is given. J. O. de La Mettrie’s and D. Hume’s views on the nature of man and the human body as a complex machine are presented in detail. The information about the evolutionary transformations of the human body is discussed in the light of Ch. Darwin’s notions, Nemesius of Emesa’s and I. I. Mechnikov’s ideas about the health and beauty of the human body. The study is novel in that it is the first to outline the theoretical prospects for the improvement of modern man in the future. It is shown that the transformation of the human body is a natural and inevitable phenomenon in modern society, following the introduction of artificial implants into human tissues. In this regard, the author makes a prediction about the artificial division of natural Homo sapiens into three more groups: the implant man, the cyborg (cybernetic organism) and the hybrid man, that is, a genetically modified type of man. Such a division of the human population, according to the author, will ultimately lead to the transformation of society and the creation of a new integrated socio-cultural environment. It is hoped that the man of the future will preserve the connections between the brain, consciousness and the body to prevent him from turning into a machine. In this regard, ethical principles for the preservation of his natural appearance and nature have been developed.
Classification of “false friends” in economic texts: Typical errors in English-to-Russian translation
Authors: Kuregyan Amalia Levikovna , Pertsevaya Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Kuzmina Aleksandra Petrovna
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the difficulties faced by students at various non-linguistic universities when translating English pseudo-international words (“false friends”) into Russian in economic texts. Variants of incorrect interpretation are based on the use of loan translation and the incorrect meanings of lexical units – “false friends”. The aim of the research is to systematise the most frequent pseudo-international words related to financial and economic vocabulary by parts of speech based on the information received from students, as well as to identify typical errors, the study of which could further improve the quality of text translation. The classification of “false friends” presented in the paper made it possible to identify four parts of speech characteristic of pseudo-international words of economic subjects arranged in descending order of the number of incorrectly translated words: nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. The scientific novelty of the work lies in taking a comprehensive approach to the problems of “false friends” translation and classification of pseudo-international words of economic subjects not only by their lexical meaning, but also by the grammatical classes of parts of speech. The linguistically relevant research findings amount to identifying the parts of speech of pseudo-international words that cause the greatest difficulties in translation. The work is carried out using the material of the English language.
Foregrounding of the principal parts of the sentence by means of stylistic inversion in Russian, Chuvash and English: A comparative analysis
Authors: Yakovleva Galina Grigoryevna , Shpareva Galina Ivanovna , Gubanov Aleksey Rafailovich , Danilov Andrey Anatolyevich
Published: September 2023

The study aims to identify the ways of foregrounding the principal parts of the sentence (the subject and the predicate) by means of stylistic inversion in differently structured languages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in examining in a comparative manner the nation-specific techniques of the structural organisation of the expressive syntactic construction the purpose of which is to foreground the subject or the predicate. The paper describes the rules for constructing a stylistically neutral declarative sentence in each language under consideration, which directly affect the functioning of inversion. The work shows that in Chuvash and English, unlike Russian, the foregrounding of one sentence part can occur due to the inversion of another. Examples of the structural and grammatical organisation of inverted sentences in each language are given. As a result, it was determined that the stricter the word order in a sentence is, the more additional ways of having expressive influence on the addressee by means of stylistic inversion there are in a language. The ways of constructing inverted phrases specific to the Russian, Chuvash and English languages in order to foreground the principal parts of the sentence (the subject and the predicate) were identified.
Toponymic worldview of the Orientalist Bunin
Authors: Potekhina Polina Sergeevna
Published: September 2023

The paper is devoted to the study of the onomastic code of I. A. Bunin’s literary texts. The aim of the research is to describe real and mythological proper names that explicate the toponymic worldview of the East in the writer’s prose. The paper analyses semantic groups of toponyms as the text-forming units of a literary work, examines their functional potential. 22 subgroups of real onyms (macrotoponyms, choronyms, oeconyms, urbanonyms, hydronyms, ecclesionyms, etc.) and 5 subgroups of unreal ones (mythological macrotoponyms, mythological astionyms, mythological drymonyms, mythological choronyms and mythological oronyms) were identified; cases of contextual synonymy and antonymy at the level of the author’s individual onomasticon were noted. The research is original in that it is the first to systematise the onyms involved in the modelling of the toponymic worldview of the Orientalist Bunin and to identify the characteristic features of this worldview. As a result of the research, it has been proved that the toponymic worldview of the East in I. A. Bunin’s literary heritage represented by a complex system of units of different semantics is characterised by detail, continuity, scale, universalism, timelessness and horizontal-vertical construction.
DESIGNING AN AUXILIARY AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING SYSTEM BASED ON INFORMATION SECURITY LEVEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Kuznetsova Nataliya , Karlova Tatyana , Bekmeshov Aleksandr
Published: September 2023

The aim of the scientific work is to create a methodology for designing an auxiliary automated management decision making system based on analysing information security level of intellectual resources of a large industrial enterprise. The methodology is based on the principle of comprehensive information security. The article is devoted to solving the problem of creating a convenient auxiliary tool for auditing information security events. The novelty of the work is the proposed creative concept of using the maximum amount of data on information security events to make a management decision (including a personnel management decision). The study results are recommendations for building an auxiliary automated system for auditing and analysing the information security level of intellectual resources of a large industrial enterprise.
MODEL FOR STAKEHOLDERS’ STRATEGIC INTERACTION IN THE SCRUM METHODOLOGY PROJECT
Authors: Zubkova Daria , Gintciak Aleksei
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study is to develop a basic model that takes into account several stakeholders and allows one to determine the equilibrium positions of all the players participating in the Scrum methodology project; in addition, to highlight recommendations for using the model, its advantages and future improvements. The article is devoted to developing a tool that can correct the governing body’s work when making strategically important decisions. Research methods include an analytical review of articles in the Scopus and RSCI scientific publication databases; comparison and selection of stakeholders, the Scrum process stages and approaches to the solution; forming a mathematical description of the model, and a numerical experiment. The novelty of the work lies in considering a dynamic game based on various stakeholders’ strategic interaction in the project using the Scrum methodology, which predetermines some of the features and limitations of the game. The study results contain a description of the implemented model assumptions, the interpretation of the formulas used in it, the equilibrium position found, a visual display of the game process, a numerical experiment, and recommendations for using the basic model. The results obtained allow forming recommendations for making strategic decisions and conducting a series of experiments to display possible scenarios for the project development. In the future, this model can be improved by adding supplemental parameters to obtain more correct and realistic results. Eventually, the above model provides an opportunity to influence managerial decision-making and increase both overall and individual profits.
Teaching English for Intensive Program: A Need Analysis
Authors: Wahidiyati Irra , Ma'rufah Desi Wijayanti , Winanti
Published: September 2023

In UIN Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, most students, who had taken an English Proficiency Test at the beginning of the academic year to recognize the students' English proficiency, did not achieve a passing grade (450 points) of the test. This condition drives the institution to improve the student's English proficiency through the intensive language program that the Language Development Unit organizes. The research uses a descriptive study to analyze the data from the questionnaire, in which each item is analyzed individually. Fifty students' questionnaire answers and the interview of ten lecturers are grouped and analyzed to identify their real needs. The data is evaluated descriptively based on the percentage of student responses. The study results show that the language skills needed in intensive English courses are listening, structure and written expression, and reading. Most of the lecturers said that the students lacked grammar. Therefore, students need listening, structure and written expression materials, and reading skills—the essential skills to improve our structure and writing. Also, vocabulary and grammar are the aspects of the language that should be improved in the intensive English class. When developing the material, the target needs analysis should be considered, including language skills, language aspects, English learning objectives, and the time commitment of the Intensive English language program.
Ecocritcism On Kumandra as Environmental Sustainability in Raya And The Last Dragon
Authors: Sri Wulan  , Nurhasanah  , Zulfan Sahri
Published: September 2023

There is a harmonious relationship between the environment and humans depicted in the film Raya and the Last Dragon. A good environmental lesson is represented through Kumandra. Therefore, This study aims to explore Kumandra as a symbol of environmental sustainability in the film. The analysis was carried out based on the theory of Ecocritism. The theory is applied to find out the characters’ harmonious relationship with nature. The harmonious life is symbolized by the place, Kumandra. Data collection was done by qualitative descriptive method. The results of the analysis show that Kumadra is illustrated as a place where the community can maintain a harmonious life with nature. In Kumandra, the community is depicted as maintaining environmental harmony and balance. Although, Kumandra has been divided due to greed and the struggle for dragon’s gems, Benja and Raya still struggle to make all tribes return to what they used to be, namely Kumandra. Living in harmony in Kumandra brings peace, prosperity and unity for the people. It can be concluded that there are environmental lessons delivered by the film Raya and the Last Dragon.
Reading Material-Based Content Analysis in Senior High School English Textbooks in Indonesia
Authors: Nuraeni Cicih , Sukyadi Didi , Yusuf Fazri Nur
Published: September 2023

English textbooks play a vital role in providing students with language learning input in class activities. Unfortunately, the selection and evaluation of English textbooks has often received insufficient attention and thought. Content such as reading material receives less attention than layout analysis, design, and cultural understanding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which reading material cover the genres and skills presented in senior high school English textbooks in Indonesia. The qualitative-based content analysis method was used in this study. There were three English textbooks observed, namely those for grades 10, 11, and 12 published by Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia. The aspects observed in reading materials include reading genres and skills based on Brown's theory. The study discovered textbooks are dominated by personal reading with 17 reading material and 14 academic materials. Meanwhile, job-related reading is limited to class 10 textbooks. When it comes to reading skills, macroskills take precedence over microskills. Furthermore, based on these findings it can be concluded that the textbooks need to be developed to provide a balanced portion of reading genres and skills in each chapter. The limitations and suggestions are further discussed.
The 2018 Heat Wave’s Impact on the Mortality of Older People in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Park Chi-Yong
Published: September 2023

 The present study obtained daily counts of deaths data for Seoul between June and September 2018 from the Office of Statistics Korea. The mortality data included the date of death, address, sex, time of death, age, place of death, cause of death, marital status, and education attainment. The data were categorized by daily mortality rate, sex, marital status, and age in a total of 1,622 death samples. Then the selected data were classified by each date from June to September 2018, which produced a total of 122 cases. 
Pengaruh Kenakalan Remaja Pada Perkembangan Moral
Authors: Ngara Jesica Fitria Dendo
Published: September 2023

Remaja merupakan aset masa yang akan datang (masa depan), namun saat ini banyak sekali anak remaja yang mengikuti pergaulan bebas seperti narkoba, tawuran antar geng motor. Hal ini adalah masalah yang sangat serius dan sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kalangan masyarakat indonesia. Kenakalan remaja meliputi semua perilaku yang menyimpang akan kebenaran Firman Tuhan dan norma-norma hukum pidana yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan sehingga. Tujuan dari pembahasan ini ialah untuk dapat mengetahui kenakalan remaja dalam perkembangan moral yang hendak dicapai dari pembahasan ini adalah agar remaja mengetahui bahwa kenakalan atau penyimpangan yang dilakukan remaja sangat menentukan sampai titik perkembangan moral yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kehidupan. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan berbagai bentuk kenakalan atau penyimpangan yang dilakukan oleh remaja pada saat ini yang diantaranya adalah seks bebas, tawuran, bullying dan lain sebagainya. Oleh karena itu remaja harus dapat mengetahui apa saja pengaruh dari kenakalan atau penyimpangan yang dilakukan, sehingga dapat merefleksikan diri dan tidak melakukan hal yang tidak sesuai dengan nilai-nilai kehidupan.
TRIM62 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that tripartite motif-containing 62, encoded by TRIM62, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. TRIM62 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of TRIM62 in primary tumors was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of TRIM62 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
YRDC is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that yrdC N6-threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain-containing, encoded by YRDC, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. YRDC mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of YRDC in primary tumors was correlated with overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of YRDC expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Taxonomic inflation as a conservation trap: the capercaillie case
Authors: Clavero Miguel , Naves Javier , Lucena María , Revilla Eloy
Published: September 2023

Conservation is prioritized based on accepted taxa. As a consequence, a conservation incentive exists to stress inter-population differences to define taxa, potentially leading to taxonomic inflation. But stressing the uniqueness of threatened populations has the side effect of hindering conservation actions that promote inter-population gene flow, such as genetic rescue. These actions may be of critical importance for severely inbred populations involved in extinction vortices, for which an inflated taxonomy can become a conservation trap. Here, we exemplify this scenario with the western capercaillie population in the Cantabrian Mountains, described and legally listed as a subspecies not supported by recent molecular data. The Cantabrian capercaillie population is Critically Endangered after a long-lasting decline and a recent demographic collapse. It shows clear signs of inbreeding depression, including striking clutch size decreases as well as reduced hatchability and chick survival. This critical situation could be alleviated through a genetic rescue, but this possibility is hindered by inertias rooted in the putative uniqueness of the Cantabrian capercaillie. It had been previously argued that poor taxonomy could hamper conservation, through the oblivion of populations deserving, but not having, a taxonomic status. We show that taxonomic inflation can also become an obstacle for effective conservation.
CHCHD6 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 6, encoded by CHCHD6, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. CHCHD6 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of CHCHD6 in primary tumors was correlated with overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of CHCHD6 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Dragon Buster (Supplement III:33)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: September 2023

GCCX cont. (Supp. to the history of computer science and tech.) 22/09 addition : detailed "list of difficult games"
BEST4 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer1-3. We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data4,5 to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that bestrophin 4, encoded by BEST4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. BEST4 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of BEST4 in primary tumors was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of BEST4 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Messages from the past; the petroglyphs of El Hierro Island
Authors: Guglielmi Mario , Troll Valentin , Joerg Foest Joerg , Carracedo Juan Carlos
Published: September 2023

Ancient cultures have frequently made use of stone surfaces to carve and engravesymbols, letters and messages for others. These petroglyphs usually have a lastingcharacter and are frequently preserved well beyond the survival of the culture thatproduced the petroglyphs. In this article we focus on the written and pictorial testimonyof the pre-Hispanic era of the island of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain), whichexploited a series of volcanic rock features to create a written testimony of theirpresence and their way of life. This specific cultural heritage has been adapted to thespecific geological features on the island and the emerging stone masonry skill of theaboriginal culture of the original islander, creating a unique and lasting record of theirability to use geological elements for cultural development.
Omnivariant Generalized Least Squares Regression: Theory, Geochronological Applications, and Making the Case for Reconciled Δ47 calibrations
Authors: Daëron Mathieu , Vermeesch Pieter
Published: September 2023

Least-squares regression methods are mathematically powerful, conceptually and computationally simple, and widely used in many fields. However, none of the commonly-used flavors of least-squares regression, such as York regression or Generalized Least Squares (GLS), take into account the full set of covariances between all observed (x,y) values. Here we describe the Omnivariant Generalized Least Squares (OGLS) method to fit a model of the form y=f(x), accounting for the full error correlation structure of the (x,y) data, based on a first-order linear propagation of the uncertainties in all variables into errors in y residuals, followed by minimizing the vector of y residuals with respect to the Mahalanobis norm defined by its covariance matrix. This approach may be described as a generalization of both York regression and GLS. It is mathematically exact for straight-line fits, and is also suitable for many non-linear models. Here we describe the principles of OGLS regression and discuss its properties, caveats, and practical use, and provide two consistent open-source implementations in Python and R. To illustrate how various fields of geochronology and stable-isotope geochemistry may benefit from this new method, we discuss how OGLS may specifically apply to 40Ar/39Ar dating and how it provides robust mathematical evidence that Δ47 carbonate calibrations in the recently defined I-CDES metrological scale are statistically indistinguishable, effectively solving long-standing methodological discrepancies.
Limited evidence of autocorrelation signaling upcoming affective episodes: a 12-month e-diary study in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Ludwig Vera M. , Reinhard Iris , Mühlbauer Esther , Hill Holger , Severus Emanuel , Bauer Michael , Ritter Philipp , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Background. Increased autocorrelation (AR) of system-specific measures has been suggested as a predictor for critical transitions in complex systems. Increased AR of mood scores has been reported to anticipate depressive episodes in major depressive disorder, while other studies found AR increases to be associated with depressive episodes themselves. Data on AR in patients with bipolar disorders (BD) is limited and inconclusive.Methods. Patients with BD reported their current mood via daily e-diaries for 12 months. Current affective status (euthymic, prodromal, depressed, (hypo)manic) was assessed in 26 bi-weekly expert interviews. Exploratory analyses tested whether self-reported current mood and AR of the same item could differentiate between prodromal phases or affective episodes and euthymia.Results. A total of 29 depressive and 20 (hypo)manic episodes were observed in 29 participants with BD. Self-reported current mood was significantly decreased during in the two weeks prior to a depressive episode (early prodromal, late prodromal), but not changed prior to manic episodes. The AR was neither a significant predictor for the early or late prodromal phase of depression, nor for the early prodromal phase of (hypo)mania. Decreased AR was found in the late prodromal phase of (hypo)mania. Increased AR was mainly found during depressive episodes. Conclusions. AR changes might not be better at predicting depressive episodes than simple self-report measures on current mood in patients with BD. Increased AR was mostly found during depressive episodes. Potentially, changes in AR might anticipate (hypo)manic episodes.
Individual differences in social learning emerge through the evolution of developmental flexibility
Authors: van den Berg Pieter , Vu TuongVan , Molleman Lucas
Published: September 2023

Human ecological success is often attributed to our unrivalled capacity for social learning, which facilitates the spread of adaptive behaviours through populations. All humans rely on social learning to acquire culture, but there is substantial variation across societies, between individuals and over developmental time. However, it is unclear why these differences exist. Here, we present an evolutionary model showing that individual variation in social learning can emerge if the benefits of social learning are unpredictable. Unpredictability selects for flexible developmental programmes that allow individuals to update their reliance on social learning based on previous experiences. This developmental flexibility, in turn, causes some individuals in a population to end up consistently relying more heavily on social learning than others. We demonstrate this core evolutionary mechanism across three scenarios of increasing complexity, investigating the impact of different sources of uncertainty about the usefulness of social learning. Our results show how evolution can shape how individuals learn to learn from others, with potentially profound effects on cultural diversity.
Individual differences in the forms of personality trait trajectories
Authors: Wright Amanda Jo , Jackson Joshua James
Published: September 2023

Changes in personality are often modeled linearly or curvilinearly. It is a simplifying – yet untested – assumption that the chosen sample-level model form accurately depicts all person-level trajectories within the sample. Given the complexity of personality development, it seems unlikely that imposing a single model form across all individuals is appropriate. Although typical growth models can estimate individual trajectories that deviate from the average via random effects, they do not explicitly test whether people differ in the forms of their trajectories. This heterogeneity is valuable to uncover, though, as it may imply that different processes are driving change. The current study uses data from four longitudinal datasets (N = 26,469) to empirically test the degree to which people vary in their best-fitting model forms for Big Five personality development. Across datasets, there was substantial heterogeneity in best-fitting model forms. Moreover, the type of form someone had was directly associated with their net and total amount of change across time, and these changes were substantially misquantified when a worse-fitting form was used. Variables such as gender, age, trait levels, and number of waves were also associated with individuals’ types of forms. Lastly, comparisons of best-fitting forms from individual- and sample-level models indicated that consequential discrepancies arise from different levels of analysis (i.e., individual versus sample) and alternative modeling choices (e.g., choice of time metric). Our findings highlight the importance of these individual differences for understanding personality change processes and suggest that a flexible, person-level approach to understanding personality development is necessary.
Examination of the Sexual and Negative Dating Inventory (SANDI) among Sexual and Gender Minorities: An Analysis of Psychometrics and Outcomes
Authors: Peterson Roselyn , Dvorak Robert , De Leon Ardhys , Klaver Samantha J. , Burr Emily , Maynard Madison , Hayden Emma
Published: September 2023

Adverse sexual experiences (ASE) such as sexual violence, sexual risk behaviors, and regretted sex are highly prevalent among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) compared to cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Research indicates ASEs are associated with increased symptoms of mental health, as well as decreased use of protective behaviors. The Sexual and Negative Dating Inventory (SANDI) measures dating and sexual protective strategies and includes five factors: Location Sharing, Assertiveness, Self-Protection, Risk Reduction and Privacy. SANDI total scores are linked to lower ASEs in heteronormative samples. SANDI was previously validated in a sample of n=1,289 college students. Data was examined from n=313 (24.28%) SGM individuals at baseline, and n=95 at one-month follow-up. Individuals were 19.70 (2.98 SD) years old and 25% are non-white. Regarding psychometric outcomes, model fit was adequate for SGM: χ2(484) = 1729.621, p < .001, CFI = .947, RMSEA = .063 (90% CI = .060, .066), SRMR = .048. Non-cisgender men and non-heterosexual individuals endorse using more of the SANDI at the factor level. Using logistic regression, SANDI was not associated with history of sexual violence or sexual violence over the following month. SANDI is inversely associated with history of sexual risk behaviors, and prospectively associated with less sexual risk behavior over the following month. Negative binomial regression analyses showed SANDI was not associated with history of regretted sex, however SANDI was moderately associated with decreased regretted sex over the next month. Findings highlight the importance of dating and sexual protective behaviors across dimensions of gender and sexual orientation.
Anxiety’s grip over social perception: How are visual predictions used when under threat
Authors: Silva Fábio , Ribeiro Sérgio , Silva Samuel , Garrido Marta , Soares Sandra
Published: September 2023

The repercussions of anxiety in one’s mood and social interactions are well known. One of its less recognized effects, however, lies in perception alterations caused by how one weighs sensory evidence, that in turn might affect social communication. Here, we investigated how anxiety affects our ability to gather and use social cues to anticipate the action of others. We adapted a paradigm to assess expectations in social scenarios, whereby participants were asked to identify the presence of agents therein, while supported by action cues (communicative vs individual actions) from another agent. Participants (N=66) underwent this task under safe and threat-of-shock block conditions. We extracted criterion and sensitivity measures to evaluate participants’ response patterns. Gaze data was also collected. Our analysis showed that whilst the type of action had the expected effect (i.e., lower criterion for communicative actions), threat-of-shock had no effect over any response measurements. Furthermore, eye tracker data revealed no differences in dwell time across conditions when searching for cues but showed that, under threat, participants exhibited shorter fixation durations. Our findings suggest that anxiety does not appear to influence the use of expectations in social scenarios.
Applying a Web-Based Training to Foster Self-Regulated Learning – Effects of an Intervention for Large Numbers of Participants
Authors: Bellhäuser Henrik , Lösch Thomas , Winter Charlotte , Schmitz Bernhard
Published: September 2023

Trainings on self-regulated learning (SRL) have been shown to be effective in improving both competence of self-regulated learning and objective measures of performance. However, human trainers can reach only a limited number of people at a time. Web-based trainings (WBT) could improve efficiency, as they can be distributed to potentially unlimited numbers of participants. We developed a WBT based on the process model of SRL by Schmitz and Wiese (2006) and tested it with 211 university students in a randomized control evaluation study including additional process analyses of learning diaries. Results showed that the training had significant effects on SRL knowledge, SRL behavior measured by questionnaires and diaries, as well as on self-efficacy. Time-series analyses revealed a positive linear trend in SRL for the training group but not for the control group as well as intervention effects for each of the three WBT lessons.
Indigenous in Brazil: School as a Mechanism of Forced Insertion into Society
Authors: Gonçalves André Calixto , Valentim R. , Rodrigues Francisco A. , de Almeida Lopes Fernandes Ivan Filipe
Published: September 2023

Indigenous schools in Brazil aim for equitable education between the national and indigenous communities. With 3,411 such schools in 2022 across regions, they cater to the entire indigenous population. However, compliance with legislation to balance indigenous culture within education is lacking, as evidenced by meticulous scrutiny of School Census data. Our research indicates that the Indigenous school program neglects constitutional obligations to value Indigenous culture, potentially leading to acculturation. Suppression of indigenous pedagogical materials and native languages is concerning, revealing a troubling link between these actions and prevailing far-right Brazilian political ideologies. The study employs School Census data from 2009 to 2022, using chi-square tests to assess the connection between political ideology and the manipulated variables, supported by sophisticated descriptive statistical techniques.
Maintaining spirit in collaborative communities: Event atmospheres as participation architecture for affective commoning. 12th International Process Symposium, September 1-4, 2021, Rhodes, Greece.
Authors: Rozas David , Resch Bernhard , Zelickson Eve
Published: September 2023

New ways of working in distributed platforms and collaborative communities rely on the ongoing cultivation of a special spirit to facilitate collective action, serendipitous encounters, and knowledge creation. However, depletion of spirit is frequently observed. It results from challenges involved with increasing scale, participatory governance, commodification and care. Compiling six years of ethnographic fieldwork, we examine the role of events to maintain spirit in an open source software community, a network of impact entrepreneurs and a cooperative crowdsourcing platform. Conceptually, we frame spirit as a collection of atmospheres and inquire into its organisation as a process of affective communing. Our study finds three atmospheric qualities - togetherness, mutuality and dissonance - and illustrates how they rhythmically emerge within certain thresholds of collective feeling. Thereby, we expand the notion of ‘architectural control’ in distributed and decentralised organising. Next to its functional dimension as a sociotechnical framework, setting up a tiered participation and nested project structure, it encompasses an aesthetic dimension that holds participants and their bodies in resonance. To sustain spirit as a communal resource, participation architectures need to be equally sensible to processes of mindful communication and embodied imitation, enabling the insertion of difference, novelty and playfulness through periodic dissent and distancing.
The persisting influence of social class on transition to adulthood in Italy
Authors: Brini Elisa , Corti Giulia , Zanasi Francesca
Published: September 2023

This study examines the relationship between family background and the process of leaving the parental home in Italy, focusing on the social class heterogeneity in the timing and decision to leave the parental home for cohabitation, marriage, or independent living among three cohorts of women and men born between 1930 and 1976. Italians typically leave home late and the age at which young people leave their parental home has been increasing since the 1980s, raising concerns about shifting demographic transitions and broader societal implications. We analyse retrospective data from the ISTAT Multipurpose Survey on Families and Social Subjects (2009 and 2016) using event history analysis techniques. There is a persistent delay in leaving the parental home, particularly among women, who leave at similar ages as men in recent cohorts. Leaving home for marriage has decreased, replaced by cohabitation and independent living. A substantial social class gradient is evident in the timing of leaving home, particularly for women. Social class disparities also extend to patterns of leaving home for marriage or living alone, whereas cohabitation shows less class differentiation. Children of the working class are more likely to leave home for marriage than those from the service class and daughters from families with no employment history or deceased parents at younger ages. Conversely, they are less likely to leave home to live alone than those from higher socioeconomic classes. These social class disparities have widened over birth cohorts, particularly among women. The study highlights the persistent influence of social class on housing destinations and emphasizes its significance is shaping the transition to adulthood.