bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State spatial restructuring in Greece: forced rescaling, unresponsive localities
Authors: Chorianopoulos Ioannis
Published: January 2012

This paper discusses rescaling trajectories in the European Union (EU), focusing on Greece. Two consecutive state spatial restructuring waves are noted in Greece the 1980s and the 1990s, both resting upon, but failing to mobilize, local socio-political responses. The limited success of these endeavours, it is argued, reflects path dependency in scalar arrangements and the arrested state of local relational dynamics. During the past decade, a third and comprehensive attempt at rearticulating established formations of state spatial organization has been launched, marked by the construction of new state intervention scales at the subnational and EU levels. The perception of cities and regions as ‘action spaces’ and the promotion of ‘place-based’ and ‘networking governance’ initiatives suggest rescaling intentionality. In light of the narrow involvement of localities in the process, rescaling reflects centralist steering and the markings of EU policy prioritizations, aimed at triggering a competitiveness-oriented locational policy. This paper explores the path-dependent evolution of state spatial forms in Greece, commenting on the context-specific risks associated with the competitiveness shift.
Longitudinal Study of Dental Caries Increment in Malaysian School Children
Authors: Masood Mohd , Yusof Norashikin , Hassan Mohamed I. A. , Jaafar Nasaruddin
Published: January 2012

The aim of this 5-year longitudinal cohort study was to assess the prevalence, severity, and trends in caries increment and impact of the School Dental Incremental Care Programme (SDICP). Data were gathered from school dental records as part of the SDICP. A sample of 1830 children were included and checked for caries experience annually using World Health Organization criteria. In total, 95.4% of the children were caries free in 2004, and caries experience declined to 70.5% in 2009 with an average of 4.9% annually. At baseline, the mean DMFT (confidence interval [CI]) was 0.06 (0.05-0.08) and increased to 0.58 (0.53-0.63) in 2009. Children with active caries were 4.4% in 2004, and figures rose to 9.6% in 2009. The FT component increased most rapidly during these 5 years from 0.2% to 25.1%. Overall caries prevalence and increment was low in this study. Proportions of FT component were higher as compared with DT component with low rate of extractions during the latter years of the study.
Prelude to Death or Practice Failure? Trombley-Brennan Terminal Tissue Injuries
Authors: Trombley Kathy , Brennan Mary R. , Thomas Lily , Kline Myriam
Published: January 2012

A group of palliative care nurses wanted to investigate the phenomenon they were witnessing in their end-of-life patients. There was a rapid onset of skin change characterized by bruising on various parts of the body in these patients. Traditionally they were described as pressure ulcers. However, the skin changes did not progress as typical pressure ulcers and warranted more investigation.
Antimicrobial Use at the End of Life Among Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Thompson Andrew J. , Silveira Maria J. , Vitale Caroline A. , Malani Preeti N.
Published: January 2012

Background:

We sought to evaluate antimicrobial use among patients with advanced cancer.

Methods:

Retrospective review of patients experiencing cancer-related death while hospitalized.

Results:

Among 145 patients, 126 (86.9%) received antimicrobials for a mean of 12.5 ± 12.9 days. 88 (69.8%) of 126 had clinical findings suggestive of infection. Sixty-one patients (48.4%) had positive cultures, the remaining were treated empirically. “Comfort care” was ultimately pursued in 99 (78.5%) of 126; 35 (35.4%) of 99 continued to receive antimicrobials after a transition to comfort care for an average of 1.6 ± 1.1 days. On average, antimicrobials were discontinued <1day prior to death.

Conclusion:

Antimicrobial use was common among patients with advanced cancer. Even after transition to comfort care, more than one third of patients remained on antimicrobials. The risks and burdens of antimicrobials should be carefully examined when comfort is the stated goal.
Treatment Given Near the End of Life in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zaghloul Hanna A. , Murillo Jose R.
Published: January 2012

Chemotherapy treatment options are limited for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The purpose of this study is to report treatment use and adverse effects (AEs) within the last three months of life in patients with CRPC. Of the 88 patients identified, 32% received treatment within 3 months of death, and documented AEs occurred in 25% of patients. Of those, neutropenia (18.3%), nausea/vomiting (18.3%), and febrile neutropenia (13.6%) were the most frequent. Results of this study show high treatment utility towards the end-of-life in patients with CRPC, with one fourth of patients experiencing AEs. Attention to health-related quality of life becomes increasingly important as new treatments appear to have small impact on survival, and AEs of those treatments may significantly impact patient quality of life.
Cumulative fatigue damage for 3-D angle-interlock woven composite under three-point bending cyclic loading
Authors: Jin Limin , Sun Baozhong , Gu Bohong
Published: January 2012

This article presents the quantitative characterization of cumulative fatigue damage behavior for the three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composite undergoing three-point bending cyclic loading. The S–N curve was obtained to demonstrate the fatigue life of the three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composite under different stress levels. The increment of cycles for each 5% interval of stress level was reported to show the difference of fatigue resistance performances of the three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composite among the high, middle, and low intervals of stress level. In addition, the Cumulative Fatigue Damage versus Number of Cycles (D–N) curve and the Deflection Index versus Number of Cycles (F–N) curve were deduced to characterize the three-stage cumulative fatigue damage. Furthermore, the damage morphologies of the three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composite after fatigue tests were photographed to compare with those in quasi-static test. The cracks initiation and propagation in the three-dimensional angle-interlock woven composite during the process of cyclic loading were summarized to find the mechanisms of fatigue damage development.
The Three Domains of Disgust Scale
Authors: Olatunji Bunmi O. , Adams Thomas , Ciesielski Bethany , David Bieke , Sarawgi Shivali , Broman-Fulks Joshua
Published: January 2012

This investigation examined the measurement properties of the Three Domains of Disgust Scale (TDDS). Principal components analysis in Study 1 ( n = 206) revealed three factors of Pathogen, Sexual, and Moral Disgust that demonstrated excellent reliability, including test–retest over 12 weeks. Confirmatory factor analyses in Study 2 ( n = 406) supported the three factors. Supportive evidence for the validity of the Pathogen and Sexual Disgust subscales was found in Study 1 and Study 2 with strong associations with disgust/contamination and weak associations with negative affect. However, the validity of the Moral Disgust subscale was limited. Study 3 ( n = 200) showed that the TDDS subscales differentially related to personality traits. Study 4 ( n = 47) provided evidence for the validity of the TDDS subscales in relation to multiple indices of disgust/contamination aversion in a select sample. Study 5 ( n = 70) further highlighted limitations of the Moral Disgust subscale given the lack of a theoretically consistent association with moral attitudes. Lastly, Study 6 ( n = 178) showed that responses on the Moral Disgust scale were more intense when anger was the response option compared with when disgust was the response option. The implications of these findings for the assessment of disgust are discussed.
Chemotherapy-induced infiltrative pneumonitis cases in breast cancer patients
Authors: Kim Sophie , Tannock Ian , Sridhar Srikala , Seki Jack , Bordeleau Louise
Published: January 2012

A number of chemotherapy drugs are well known to cause various histopathologic patterns of lung injury. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced infiltrative pneumonitis is rare and the diagnosis is difficult due to the nonspecific clinical and radiological presentations. However, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. There is no consensus on the treatment of this adverse event, but prompt diagnosis and intervention is important as fatal outcomes have been reported. We present five cases of chemotherapy-induced infiltrative pneumonitis in breast cancer patients involving docetaxel, paclitaxel, gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide.
Misrecognition and cross-cultural understanding: Shaping the space for a ‘fusion of horizons’
Authors: Martineau Wendy
Published: January 2012

This article explores how difference and identities – and consequently the space for dialogue between persons – are shaped by patterns of recognition and misrecognition. Against a context in which many have discerned a retreat from multiculturalism in many liberal democracies at both public and policy levels, the argument is that a multicultural response of some sort is crucial to fostering conditions for integration in society. However the article highlights the need for this to take a contextual and complex form, one aspect of which may be acknowledging that multiculturalism as the recognition of identities can itself be part of the problem and can reinforce the very power dynamics that generate misrecognition, and hence claims for recognition, in the first place. The article thus attempts to shift attention from the recognition of people’s identities, and instead to questions surrounding what might be involved in transforming the conditions in which misrecognition is produced. Using the insights found in Hans Georg Gadamer’s (1989) account of understanding as a ‘fusion of horizons’, it is argued that an important part of this must be addressing misrecognition as it occurs as a failure in the ‘communication of meanings’ on the part of ‘ordinary agents’. Refocusing the debate in this way offers the hopeful possibility that difference can be reclaimed from its common portrayal as the source of conflict and can instead be a source of reflection through which more inclusive social realities can be realized.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humeral Fractures in the Geriatric Patient
Authors: Stanbury Spencer Jay , Voloshin Ilya
Published: January 2012

Proximal humeral fractures are frequently encountered in the elderly population. While the majority of these fractures can be managed nonoperatively, 2-, 3-, and 4-part fractures, head splitting, and complex fracture dislocations typically require operative management. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a popular treatment option for displaced fractures. Advent of locking plates potentially imparts a better option for patients with osteoporotic bone. Hemiarthroplasty has traditionally been used in proximal humeral fractures not amendable to ORIF. While typically providing good pain control, results of hemiarthroplasty have demonstrated inconsistent shoulder motion. Tuberosity malposition or poor healing is a major culprit in unsatisfactory postoperative range of motion. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has been used in the setting of rotator cuff arthropathy with successful results. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has recently been used in the setting of acute proximal humeral fractures of the elderly individuals. This technology has shown promising results with mean active anterior elevation from 97° to 122° reported with complication rates of 15% to 28% in short-term studies. Long-term studies and higher level evidence studies with comparison to hemiarthroplasty and ORIF are needed.
Aspects of Current Management of Distal Radius Fractures in the Elderly Individuals
Authors: Arora Rohit , Gabl Markus , Erhart Stefanie , Schmidle Gernot , Dallapozza Christian , Lutz Martin
Published: January 2012

Diatal radius fractures (DRFs) are typical fractures of relatively fit persons with osteoporotic bone who remain active into older age. Traditionally, DRFs in older patients have been treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. Considering the increasing life expectancy of the elderly population, appropriate management of these fractures is of growing importance. Decision making for surgical or nonsurgical approach to osteoporotic DRFs is difficult. These decisions are often made based on the data from treatments of much younger patients. The current literature concerning the treatment of DRFs in the elderly individuals is more controversial. Some investigators have recommended open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) as treatment for unstable DRFs in older patients, while others have suggested that elderly patients should be treated nonsurgically even if there is an unstable fracture situation because fracture reduction is not associated with functional outcomes as in younger patients. This article reviews the different treatment options for DRFs in the elderly individuals reported in the recent literature.
Predictive and prognostic value of circulating nucleosomes and serum biomarkers in patients with metastasized colorectal cancer undergoing Selective Internal Radiation Therapy
Authors: Fahmueller Yvonne Nadine , Nagel Dorothea , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Tatsch Klaus , Jakobs Tobias , Stieber Petra , Holdenrieder Stefan
Published: January 2012

Background

Selective Internal Radiation Therapy (SIRT) is a new and effective locoregional anticancer therapy for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. Markers for prediction of therapy response and prognosis are needed for the individual management of those patients undergoing SIRT.

Methods

Blood samples were prospectively and consecutively taken from 49 colorectal cancer patients with extensive hepatic metastases before, three, six, 24 and 48 h after SIRT to analyze the concentrations of nucleosomes and further laboratory parameters, and to compare them with the response to therapy regularly determined 3 months after therapy and with overall survival.

Results

Circulating nucleosomes, cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and various liver markers increased already 24 h after SIRT. Pretherapeutical levels of CYFRA 21-1, CEA, cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), asparate-aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as 24 h values of nucleosomes were significantly higher in patients suffering from disease progression (N = 35) than in non-progressive patients (N = 14). Concerning overall survival, CEA, CA 19-9, CYFRA 21-1, CRP, LDH, AST, choline esterase (CHE), gamma-glutamyl-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase (all 0 h, 24 h) and nucleosomes (24 h) were found to be prognostic relevant markers in univariate analyses. In multivariate Cox-Regression analysis, the best prognostic model was obtained for the combination of CRP and AST. When 24 h values were additionally included, nucleosomes (24 h) further improved the existing model.

Conclusion

Panels of biochemical markers are helpful to stratify pretherapeutically colorectal cancer patients for SIR-therapy and to early estimate the response to SIR-therapy.
Preventing intimal thickening of vein grafts in vein artery bypass using STAT-3 siRNA
Authors: Sun Jiangbin , Zheng Jinhua , Ling Kaitelynne H , Zhao Keyan , Xie Zhongshang , Li Bo , Wang Tiance , Zhu Zhicheng , Patel Amit N , Min Weiping , Liu Kexiang , Zheng Xiufen
Published: January 2012

Background

Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in neointimal formation which leads to restenosis of vein graft in venous bypass. STAT-3 is a transcription factor associated with cell proliferation. We hypothesized that silencing of STAT-3 by siRNA will inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and attenuate intimal thickening.

Methods

Rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro by applying tissue piece inoculation methods. VSMCs were transfected with STAT 3 siRNA using lipofectamine 2000. In vitro proliferation of VSMC was quantified by the MTT assay, while in vivo assessment was performed in a venous transplantation model. In vivo delivery of STAT-3 siRNA plasmid or scramble plasmid was performed by admixing with liposomes 2000 and transfected into the vein graft by bioprotein gel applied onto the adventitia. Rat jugular vein-carotid artery bypass was performed. On day 3 and7 after grafting, the vein grafts were extracted, and analyzed morphologically by haematoxylin eosin (H&E), and assessed by immunohistochemistry for expression of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Western-blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression in vivo and in vitro. Cell apoptosis in vein grafts was detected by TUNEL assay.

Results

MTT assay shows that the proliferation of VSMCs in the STAT-3 siRNA treated group was inhibited. On day 7 after operation, a reduced number of Ki-67 and PCNA positive cells were observed in the neointima of the vein graft in the STAT-3 siRNA treated group as compared to the scramble control. The PCNA index in the control group (31.3 ± 4.7) was higher than that in the STAT-3 siRNA treated group (23.3 ± 2.8) (P < 0.05) on 7d. The neointima in the experimental group(0.45 ± 0.04 μm) was thinner than that in the control group(0.86 ± 0.05 μm) (P < 0.05).Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA levels in the experimental group in vivo and in vitro decreased significantly. Down regulation of STAT-3 with siRNA resulted in a reduced expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. However, apoptotic cells were not obviously found in all grafts on day 3 and 7 post surgery.

Conclusions

The STAT-3 siRNA can inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs in vivo and in vitro and attenuate neointimal formation.
On approximation of asymmetric separators of the n-cube
Authors: Boroński Jan P , Turzański Marian
Published: January 2012

A new combinatorial result intertwined with the Brouwer fixed point theorem for the n-cube is given. This result can be used for any map (f
1, ..., fn): [0, 1]
n
→ [0, 1]
n
to approximate the components of the set {(x
1, . . . , x

n
) ∈ [0, 1]
n
: f

i
(x
1, . . . , x

n
) = x

i
} that separate the n-cube between the i th opposite faces. Equivalently, for maps g : [0, 1]
n
→ ℝ such that g(x)g(y) ≤ 0 for any x ∈ {0} × [0, 1]
n-1and y ∈ {1} × [0, 1]
n-1, one can use the algorithm to approximate the components of g
-1(0) that separate [0, 1]
n
between {0} × [0, 1]
n-1and {1} × [0, 1]
n-1. The methods are based on an earlier result of P. Minc and the present authors and relate to results of several other authors such as Jayawant and Wong, Kulpa and Turzański, and Gale.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary 54H25; 54-04; Secondary 55M20; 54F55.
Recruitment of 5′ Hoxa genes in the allantois is essential for proper extra-embryonic function in placental mammals
Authors: Scotti Martina , Kmita Marie
Published: January 2012

The Hox gene family is well known for its functions in establishing morphological diversity along the anterior-posterior axis of developing embryos. In mammals, one of these genes, Hoxa13, is crucial for embryonic survival, as its function is required for the proper expansion of the fetal vasculature in the placenta. Thus, it appears that the developmental strategy specific to placental mammals is linked, at least in part, to the recruitment of Hoxa13 function in developing extra-embryonic tissues. Yet, the mechanism underlying this extra-embryonic recruitment is unknown. Here, we provide evidence that this functional novelty is not exclusive to Hoxa13 but is shared with its neighboring Hoxa11 and Hoxa10 genes. We show that the extra-embryonic function of these three Hoxa genes stems from their specific expression in the allantois, an extra-embryonic hallmark of amniote vertebrates. Interestingly, Hoxa10-13 expression in the allantois is conserved in chick embryos, which are non-placental amniotes, suggesting that the extra-embryonic recruitment of Hoxa10, Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 most likely arose in amniotes, i.e. prior to the emergence of placental mammals. Finally, using a series of targeted recombination and transgenic assays, we provide evidence that the regulatory mechanism underlying Hoxa expression in the allantois is extremely complex and relies on several cis-regulatory sequences.
Panic Attack Induced by Single Dose of Prednisone;Intracranial Hemorrhage after High-Dose Methylprednisolone;Atrial Flutter Associated with Carboplatin Administration;Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State Associated with Ziprasidone;DRESS Syndrome Associated with Antibiotic Therapy;Accidental Polydipsia and Hyponatremia from Diphenhydramine;Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS) Associated with Ustekinumab Therapy
Authors: Joel Sinister
Published: January 2012

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Activation of Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin Mediates Attractive Growth Cone Guidance through Regulation of Growth Cone Actin and Adhesion Receptors
Authors: Marsick Bonnie M. , San Miguel-Ruiz Jose E. , Letourneau Paul C.
Published: January 2012

The development of a functioning neural network relies on responses of axonal growth cones to molecular guidance cues that are encountered en route to their target tissue. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 serve as attractive cues for chick embryo sensory growth conesin vitroandin vivo, but little is known about the actin-binding proteins necessary to mediate this response. The evolutionarily conserved ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins can tether actin filaments to the cell membrane when phosphorylated at a conserved threonine residue. Here we show that acute neurotrophin stimulation rapidly increases active phospho-ERM levels in chick sensory neuron growth cone filopodia, coincident with an increase in filopodial L1 and β-integrin. Disrupting ERM function with a dominant-negative construct (DN-ERM) results in smaller and less motile growth cones with disorganized actin filaments. Previously, we found that NGF treatment increases actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin activity and growth cone F-actin (Marsick et al., 2010). Here, we show this F-actin increase, as well as attractive turning to NGF, is blocked when ERM function is disrupted despite normal activation of ADF/cofilin. We further show that DN-ERM expression disrupts leading edge localization of active ADF/cofilin and free F-actin barbed ends. Moreover, filopodial phospho-ERM levels are increased by incorporation of active ADF/cofilin and reduced by knockdown of L1CAM.Together, these data suggest that ERM proteins organize actin filaments in sensory neuron growth cones and are crucial for neurotrophin-induced remodeling of F-actin and redistribution of adhesion receptors.
Accommodating Scientific Illiteracy: Award-Winning Visualizations on the Covers of Science
Authors: Gigante Maria E.
Published: January 2012

The International Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge, recently established by the National Science Foundation (NSF), is an alleged attempt at public outreach. The NSF encourages scientists to submit visualizations that would appeal to non-expert audiences by displaying their work in an annual “special feature” in Science magazine, and each year they present the winning image on the cover of Science as the ultimate reward. Although the NSF advertizes the competition as an attempt to educate non-scientists, the visualizations lack sufficient textual explanation in the Science special feature articles and do not demonstrate clear significance for current issues in science. This article assesses the actual motivations behind the NSF's “Visualization Challenge,” given the lack of accompanying textual information, and it explores the consequences of allowing “scientific” visualizations to float into the public sphere unexplained. It will be shown that the spirit of this competition exemplifies the current shift from “public understanding of science” to “public appreciation of science” in the growing field of Science Communication, particularly through the technique of “framing” devices. This shift in objective, accentuated in the realm of visual communication, reinforces the public's view of science as a mythic authority.
Safety and Efficacy of Everolimus in Adult Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Oberstein Paul E. , Saif M. Wasif
Published: January 2012

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) consist of a diverse family of tumors which are derived from the neuroendocrine system. Most NETs are well or moderately differentiated tumors with a relatively indolent growth pattern. However, these tumors can cause significant clinical disease due to release of functional products that mediate the carcinoid syndrome and other diverse sequela. They also can grow progressively and cause symptoms from local invasion or distant metastasis. NETs are optimally treated with surgery and somatosatin analogs (SSAs) to control symptoms but are relatively insensitive to systemic chemotherapy. As a result, patients with advanced unresectable NETs have a poor prognosis. In 2011, two targeted therapies, sunitinib and everolimus were approved in the subset of progressive pancreatic NETs (pNETs). Everolimus is an oral inhibitor of the growth stimulatory mTOR pathway.

In Phase 2 trials in NETs and pNETs, everolimus was well tolerated and associated with some response and widespread disease stabilization. In follow-up, randomized Phase 3 trials, everolimus was compared to placebo. In the RADIANT-2 trial, everolimus and a somatostatin analog were used in patients with functional NETs and treatment was associated with an an improvement in progression-free survival (PFS). In the RADIANT-3 trial, patients with pNET were randomized to receive everolimus or placebo along with best supportive care. Everolimus was again associated with improvement in PFS compared to placebo and it has been approved by the FDA for patients with progressive pNET. Everolimus is associated with frequent low grade toxicity but is also notable for increased rates of infection as well as non-infectious pneumonitis. mTOR inhibition with everolimus represents a significant advance in the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors.
Mood Disorders, Circadian Rhythms, Melatonin and Melatonin Agonists
Authors: Salva M.A. Quera , Hartley S.
Published: January 2012

Recent advances in the understanding of circadian rhythms have led to an interest in the treatment of major depressive disorder with chronobiotic agents. Many tissues have autonomous circadian rhythms, which are orchestrated by the master clock, situated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SNC). Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is secreted from the pineal gland during darkness. Melatonin acts mainly on MT1 and MT2 receptors, which are present in the SNC, regulating physiological and neuroendocrine functions, including circadian entrainment, referred to as the chronobiotic effet. Circadian rhythms has been shown to be either misaligned or phase shifted or decreased in amplitude in both acute episodes and relapse of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Manipulation of circadian rhythms either using physical treatments (such as high intensity light) or behavioral therapy has shown promise in improving symptoms. Pharmacotherapy using melatonin and pure melatonin receptor agonists, while improving sleep, has not been shown to improve symptoms of depression. A novel antidepressant, agomelatine, combines 5HT2c antagonist and melatonin agonist action, and has shown promise in both acute treatment of MDD and in preventing relapse.
An Atomic Decomposition of the Predual of BMO$(\rho)$
Authors: Viviani Beatriz E.
Published: January 2012

We study the Orlicz type spaces

H_\omega

, defined as a generalization of the Hardy spaces

H^p

for

p ≤ 1

. We obtain an atomic decomposition of

H_\omega

, which is used to provide another proof of the known fact that BMO

(\rho)

is the dual space of

H_\omega

(see S. Janson, 1980, [J]).
Kinetic investigation of a solvent‐free, chemoenzymatic reaction sequence towards enantioselective synthesis of a β‐amino acid ester
Authors: Strompen Simon , Weiß Markus , Ingram Thomas , Smirnova Irina , Gröger Harald , Hilterhaus Lutz , Liese Andreas
Published: January 2012

A solvent‐free, chemoenzymatic reaction sequence for the enantioselective synthesis of β‐amino acid esters has been kinetically and thermodynamically characterized. The coupled sequence comprises a thermal aza‐Michael addition of cheap starting materials and a lipase catalyzed aminolysis for the kinetic resolution of the racemic ester. Excellent ee values of >99% were obtained for the β‐amino acid ester at 60% conversion. Kinetic constants for the aza‐Michael addition were obtained by straightforward numerical integration of second‐order rate equations and nonlinear fitting of the progress curves. A different strategy had to be devised for the biocatalytic reaction. Initially, a simplified Michaelis–Menten model including product inhibition was developed for the reaction running in THF as an organic solvent. Activity based parameters were used instead of concentrations in order to facilitate the transfer of the kinetic model to the solvent‐free system. Observed solvent effects not accounted for by the use of thermodynamic activities were incorporated into the kinetic model. Enzyme deactivation was observed to depend on the ratio of the applied substrates and also included in the kinetic model. The developed simple model is in very good agreement with the experimental data and allows the simulation and optimization of the solvent‐free process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1479–1489. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of flow rate and scaffold pore size on cell behavior during mechanical stimulation in a flow perfusion bioreactor
Authors: McCoy R.J. , Jungreuthmayer C. , O'Brien F.J.
Published: January 2012

Mechanically stimulating cell‐seeded scaffolds by flow‐perfusion is one approach utilized for developing clinically applicable bone graft substitutes. A key challenge is determining the magnitude of stimuli to apply that enhances cell differentiation but minimizes cell detachment from the scaffold. In this study, we employed a combined computational modeling and experimental approach to examine how the scaffold mean pore size influences cell attachment morphology and subsequently impacts upon cell deformation and detachment when subjected to fluid‐flow. Cell detachment from osteoblast‐seeded collagen–GAG scaffolds was evaluated experimentally across a range of scaffold pore sizes subjected to different flow rates and exposure times in a perfusion bioreactor. Cell detachment was found to be proportional to flow rate and inversely proportional to pore size. Using this data, a theoretical model was derived that accurately predicted cell detachment as a function of mean shear stress, mean pore size, and time. Computational modeling of cell deformation in response to fluid flow showed the percentage of cells exceeding a critical threshold of deformation correlated with cell detachment experimentally and the majority of these cells were of a bridging morphology (cells stretched across pores). These findings will help researchers optimize the mean pore size of scaffolds and perfusion bioreactor operating conditions to manage cell detachment when mechanically simulating cells via flow perfusion. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1583–1594. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Facile Synthesis of Dynamic Supramolecular Aggregates of Cucurbit[n]uril (n=5–8) Capped with Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Lee Tung‐Chun , Scherman Oren A.
Published: January 2012

Supramolecular capping of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]), where n=5–8, by narrowly dispersed gold nanoparticles has been achieved through a facile synthetic route with metastable gold nanoparticles as a labile intermediate. The resultant assemblies were stable in solution, and were found to form dynamic aggregates consisting of a controllable ratio of singly and doubly capped CB[n]. The stability of the system was attributed to the presence of sodium cations bound on the vacant carbonyl portals of the singly capped CB[n] molecules. These dynamically capped CB[n] systems can find potential use in a range of applications varying from ultrasensitive multiplexed in situ sensing to photocatalysis.
Transition Metal Hydrazide‐Based Hydrogen‐Storage Materials: the First Atoms‐In‐Molecules Analysis of the Kubas Interaction
Authors: Skipper Claire V. J. , Hoang Tuan K. A. , Antonelli David M. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas
Published: January 2012

Molecular models of the MH2 binding sites of experimentally characterised amorphous vanadium hydrazide gels are studied computationally using gradient corrected density functional theory, to probe the coordination number of the vanadium in the material and the nature of the interaction between the metal and the H2 molecules. The H2 is found to bind to the vanadium through the Kubas interaction, and the first quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules analysis of this type of interaction is reported. Strong correlation is observed between the electron density at the HH bond critical point and the MH2 interaction energy. Four coordinate models give the best reproduction of the experimental data, suggesting that the experimental sites are four coordinate. The VH2 interaction is shown to be greater when the non‐hydrazine based ligand, THF, of the experimental system is altered to a poorer π‐acceptor ligand. Upon altering the metal to Ti or Cr the MH2 interaction energy changes little but the number of H2 which may be bound decreases from four (Ti) to two (Cr). It is proposed that changing the metal from V to Ti may increase the hydrogen storage capacity of the experimental system. A 9.9 wt % maximum storage capacity at the ideal binding enthalpy for room temperature performance is predicted when the Ti metal is combined with a coordination sphere containing 2 hydride ligands.
Electron‐Transfer Reduction of Dinuclear Copper Peroxo and Bis‐μ‐oxo Complexes Leading to the Catalytic Four‐Electron Reduction of Dioxygen to Water
Authors: Tahsini Laleh , Kotani Hiroaki , Lee Yong‐Min , Cho Jaeheung , Nam Wonwoo , Karlin Kenneth D. , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: January 2012

The four‐electron reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (Fc*) to water is efficiently catalyzed by a binuclear copper(II) complex (1) and a mononuclear copper(II) complex (2) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid in acetone at 298 K. Fast electron transfer from Fc* to 1 and 2 affords the corresponding CuI complexes, which react at low temperature (193 K) with dioxygen to afford the η2:η2‐peroxo dicopper(II) (3) and bis‐μ‐oxo dicopper(III) (4) intermediates, respectively. The rate constants for electron transfer from Fc* and octamethylferrocene (Me8Fc) to 1 as well as electron transfer from Fc* and Me8Fc to 3 were determined at various temperatures, leading to activation enthalpies and entropies. The activation entropies of electron transfer from Fc* and Me8Fc to 1 were determined to be close to zero, as expected for outer‐sphere electron‐transfer reactions without formation of any intermediates. For electron transfer from Fc* and Me8Fc to 3, the activation entropies were also found to be close to zero. Such agreement indicates that the η2:η2‐peroxo complex (3) is directly reduced by Fc* rather than via the conversion to the corresponding bis‐μ‐oxo complex, followed by the electron‐transfer reduction by Fc* leading to the four‐electron reduction of dioxygen to water. The bis‐μ‐oxo species (4) is reduced by Fc* with a much faster rate than the η2:η2‐peroxo complex (3), but this also leads to the four‐electron reduction of dioxygen to water.
Flow‐level performance analysis of a multi‐rate system supporting stream and elastic services
Authors: Gerő B. P. , Pályi P. L. , Rácz S.
Published: January 2012

We consider a multi‐rate system where stream and elastic flows receive service. Both the stream and the elastic classes are associated with peak rate limitation. In contrast to the constant bit rate stream flows, the elastic flows tolerate bandwidth compression while in service. Because of the occasional bandwidth compression, the holding time of elastic flows depends on their perceived throughput. Although this model is Markovian under quite non‐restrictive assumptions, the model's state space grows exponentially with the number of traffic classes. The model is not quasi‐reversible, and therefore, it cannot be evaluated by efficient recursive formulae. We propose a method whereby the original state space is mapped to a two‐dimensional one, independently of the number of the stream and the elastic traffic classes. The special structure of the two‐dimensional model allows us to develop an efficient method that approximates the average throughputs of elastic flows. The state space reduction together with the proposed approximation provides a powerful tool for the performance analysis of this model as it allows the approximation of the average throughputs of elastic flows reasonably accurately in large models as well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between soil, rainfall, and wildlife drive surface water quality across a savanna ecosystem
Authors: Strauch Ayron M.
Published: January 2012

Surface water resources play an important role in the transportation of nutrients within and between regions. Water quality varies spatially across landscapes, but the extent of this variability and the interaction between water quality and wildlife are not well‐known. In some savannas, heterogeneous climatic and geologic patterns result in gradients of precipitation and soil nutrients, leading to temporal and regional differences in soil and vegetation quality. Wildlife utilise these seasonal patterns, influencing soil nutrient dynamics and vegetation. However, the impact of seasonally abundant wildlife, climate, and soils on surface water quality is unknown in savannas. Fluctuations in surface water quality were measured across the Serengeti ecosystem at 6‐month intervals, and the influence of rainfall, watershed, and seasonal wildlife migration were then modelled. The results suggest that although soil composition in watersheds influences the concentration of soil‐derived nutrients in rivers, rainfall and wildlife have a significant effect on the seasonal concentrations of most nutrients. The role of migratory wildlife in surface water quality in some watersheds is likely dampened by the large influence of resident species across seasons and habitats. The alteration of rainfall patterns by climate change is expected to influence nutrient transport into savanna rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexanone‐oxindoles] and Spiro[cyclohexanone‐pyrazolones] by Asymmetric Cascade [5+1] Double Michael Reactions
Authors: Wu Bin , Chen Jian , Li Mei‐Qiu , Zhang Jin‐Xin , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: January 2012

The asymmetric catalytic synthesis of naturally occurring and biologically active spiro compounds is a challenge for modern chemical methodology. Here we report the construction of spiro compounds through cascade [5+1] double Michael reactions between divinyl ketones and N‐unprotectedoxindoles or N‐phenyl‐protected pyrazolones catalyzed by a combination of the easily available 9‐amino‐9‐deoxy‐epi‐quinine with N‐Boc‐D‐phenylglycine. The desired multistereogenic spiro[cyclohexanone‐oxindoles and ‐pyrazolones] were obtained with high yields (up to 98 %) andstereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 99 % ee).
Seeking good peer review in geomorphology
Authors: Lane Stuart N.
Published: January 2012

This paper provides an extended guide to reviewing for ESPL in particular and geomorphology in general. After a brief consideration of both how we choose reviewers and why we hope that reviewers will accept, I consider what makes a fair and constructive review. I note that we aim to publish papers with the rigour (r) necessary to sustain an original and significant contribution (q). I note that judging q is increasingly difficult because of the ever‐growing size of the discipline (the Q). This is the sense in which we rarely have a full appreciation of Q, and our reviews are inevitably going to contain some bias. It is this bias that cannot be avoided (cf. Nicholas and Gordon, 2011) and makes the job of ESPL's Editors of critical importance. With this in mind, I identify six elements of a good review: (1) an introductory statement that explains your assessment of your competences in relation to the manuscript (r and Q); (2) a summative view of the originality and significance of the manuscript (q) in relation to Q: (3) a summative view of the methodological rigour of the manuscript (r); (4) identification and justification of any major concerns; (5) identification of any minor issues to be corrected if you think the manuscript merits eventual publication; and (6) note of any typographical or presentation issues to be addressed although this latter activity is also an editorial responsibility. In addition, I note the importance of a constructive review, grounded in what is written in the manuscript, justified where appropriate and avoiding reference to personal views as far as is possible. I conclude with a discussion of whether or not you should sign your review openly and the importance of reviewer confidentiality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asenapine: novel antipsychotic for treatment of bipolar I disorder
Authors: Bishara Delia , Whiskey Eromona , Taylor David
Published: January 2012

Asenapine is a new antipsychotic agent with activity for multiple receptors. It is administered sublingually for the treatment of moderate to severe manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. In this Drug profile the authors review the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of asenapine, and discuss its efficacy in bipolar I disorder and its likely positioning in clinical practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lean Production—An Evaluation of the Possibilities for an Employee Supportive Lean Practice
Authors: Hasle Peter
Published: January 2012

Lean is a contested concept. It has been praised for empowering employees, and it has been criticized for intensifying work and impairing the health and well‐being of employees. This article is reviewing the literature on the relations between lean and employees, and suggests ways for the development of an employee‐supportive lean practice. There is good evidence of lean's adverse consequences for low‐skilled employees in the auto industry and other assembly type manufacturing work, but there are also examples of more positive outcomes. It is important to emphasize that, not only lean thinking, but also the context and implementation of lean have consequences for employee outcomes. Research is still needed to demonstrate it in real life, but this analysis of lean thinking, context, and implementation suggests possibilities for developing a lean practice that is genuinely employee‐supportive. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aquifer system for potential groundwater resources in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Bui Duong Du , Kawamura Akira , Tong Thanh Ngoc , Amaguchi Hideo , Trinh Thu Minh
Published: January 2012

Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB) mainly focus on surface water, but there are much higher prediction uncertainties inherent in groundwater. Hanoi depends entirely on groundwater for its domestic water supply. However, the characteristics of the entire Hanoi aquifer system remain poorly understood due to the lack of available data. Recently, we were nominated to construct a hydrogeological database. Using the valuable data contained in this database, this paper comprehensively analyzed the best number of 240 boreholes including well logs and their hydrogeological parameters obtained from pumping tests for the first time in order to identify the entire Hanoi aquifer system and characterize the hydrogeological conditions for potential groundwater resources. Great efforts have been made to establish and analyze the hydrogeological maps, cross sections and the isopach maps of main aquifers’ thickness and transmissibility. As for the results, we found that groundwater mainly exists in the topmost Holocene unconfined aquifer and the shallow Pleistocene confined aquifer (PCA), while cleft and karst water exists in the Neogene water bearing layer and the Mesozoic fractured zones. These aquifers are adequately, quantitatively characterized and evaluated from the viewpoint of potential groundwater resources. We found the PCA serving as the highest groundwater potential and the most important aquifer for the water supply. The findings are indispensable for further groundwater analyses contributing to ensuring the sustainable groundwater development not only in Hanoi but also in poorly gauged or ungauged neighboring basins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catholic Counselor's Book Shelf
Authors: Sullivan Daniel C.
Published: January 2012

PROCEDURES AND PREPARATION FOR COUNSELING by W. C. Cottle and N. M. Downie, Prentice‐Hall, 1960.
Characteristics of Counseling Centers in Large Universities
Authors: Clark David D.
Published: January 2012

Factual and subjective data gathered from counseling centers in 36 major universities is presented to show present conditions, emphasis, and needs of the future. Data are presented showing ratios of counselors to students, budget allotments, strengths, specific weaknesses, etc. Counseling facilities, services provided, emphasis, communications and plans for expansion are dealt with individually. Less than half the centers were meeting student needs and a majority indicated a shortage of professional staff, particularly those competent to do personal adjustment counseling.
Personality Differences Among Navy Occupational Groups
Authors: Gunderson E. K. Eric , Nelson Paul D.
Published: January 2012

Differences among six Navy occupational groups (Administrative, Technical, Mechanical, Electrical, Construction, and Cooks) were determined for 31 personality and value scales, including the Allport‐Vernon‐Lindzey Study of Values, the Survey of Interpersonal Values, and the FIRO‐B Inventory. Age and Navy experience were controlled by dividing groups into “experienced” and “inexperienced” categories. Significant differences between groups were present for 29 of the 62 comparisons. Most of the variance in test scores among groups could be accounted for by dichotomizing the six occupational specialties into two broad categories, “white collar” (Administrative and Technical) and “blue collar” (other groups). The results suggested relationships between choice of occupational specialty and the value systems, needs, and motivations of individuals in the naval service.