bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
99m Technetium scintiphotography in arthritis. II. its nonspecificity and clinical and roentgenographic correlations in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Polcyn Robert E. , Collins Phillip A.
Published: February 2007

Technetium‐99m scintiphotography of the hands, wrists and knee joints of 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed abnormal localization of isotope in one or more synovial structures in 96% of hands, in 94% of wrists and in 74% of knees. The results of scintiphotography correlated well with clinical assessment of synovial thickening and tenderness in the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of 9 consecutive RA patients. Scintiphotography proved more sensitive than clinical examination only in knee joints; in 2 patients clinical involvement was antedated by positive scintiphotos. Joint visualization after intravenous pertechnetate was nonspecific, and positive scintigrams were obtained in other diseases associated with increased articular or periarticular vascularity. The technic is definitely useful in the serial evaluation of the results of local medical and surgical treatment of arthritis and as an aid in the diagnosis of psychogenic rheumatism.
Platyspondyly, polyarticular osteoarthritis, and absent β‐2‐globulin in two brothers
Authors: Martin Frcp John R. , Macewan Frcp D. W. , Antoine Blais J. , Metrakos Julius , Gold Phil , Langer Frederick , Hill R. O.
Published: February 2007

Physical, radiologic, and laboratory findings in 2 brothers with a cartilagenous dysplasia have been presented. The most striking findings were platyspondyly, flattening of the metacarpal and metatarsal heads, and a symmetrical polyarticular osteoarthritis. No β‐2‐globulin was demonstrated in their sera. Two cases in siblings, an otherwise negative family history, and parental consanguinity suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Diplopia and loss of accommodation due to chloroquine
Authors: Rubin Melvin L. , Thomas William C.
Published: February 2007

Impaired visual accommodation is a frequently occurring complication of chloroquine therapy. The present report describes a patient whose ocular function was assessed serially during chloroquine administration. Impaired convergence and loss of accommodative amplitude developed several weeks after beginning chloroquine treatment; the magnitude of these alterations in ocular function was dose related. Chloroquine‐induced changes persisted during therapy, but ocular function returned to pretreatment limits 1 week after discontinuing the drug.
Chronic iridocyclitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Calabro John J. , Richard Parrino G. , Atchoo Peter D. , Marchesano Joseph M. , Goldberg Leonard S.
Published: February 2007

During a 10‐year period, chronic iridocyclitis occurred in 8 of 100 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It was an initial manifestation in 1 patient and occurred 1–8 years after onset in 7. Three patients had a recurrence. Children at greatest risk have the least arthritis. For early detection of the frequently insidious and recurrent iridocyclitis, regular slit lamp examinations are recommended to help prevent blindness due to band keratopathy and/or cataract.
Formation of leukocyte inclusions in normal polymorphonuclear cells incubated with synovial fluid
Authors: Hurd Eric R. , Lospalluto Joseph , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Normal polymorphonuclear cells phagocytosed IgG, IgM and β1c (C3)‐containing inclusions from the majority of rheumatoid factor‐positive synovial f.uids, but not from factor‐negative fluids, as determined by fluorescent antibody staining. Addition of rheumatoid factor (but not Waldenström IgM) to factor‐negative rheumatoid fluids produced phagocytosable complexes of similar composition in these fluids, indicating the presence of altered IgG in factor‐negative as well as factor‐positive rheumatoid effusions. Inclusions were infrequently phagocytosed from nonrheumatoid effusions.
Immunologic effects of cyclophosphamide treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Paul Alepa F. , Zvaifler Nathan J. , Sliwinski Anthony J.
Published: February 2007

Nine patients with advanced, active rheumatoid arthritis were treated from 4 to 15 months with cyclophosphamide. Eight of the 9 patients had a good to excellent clinical response. Rheumatoid factor titer, serum immunoglobulins and the in vitro lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and specific antigens decreased with treatment. No direct correlation could be made between the degree of clinical response and the degree of depression of any of the immunologic parameters. The cyclophosphamide‐induced suppression of the in vitro lymphocyte response does not appear to be due to a serum factor.
Synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mongan Edward S. , Boger William M. , Gilliland Bruce C. , Meyerowitz Sanford
Published: February 2007

The consensus of three physicians regarding the results of 84 synovectomies performed in the joints of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was obtained; 43 joints were considered better, 17 unchanged, and 24 worse than they were before surgery. At an average of 2.5 years after surgery, synovial swelling recurred in 70% of the joints; in 67%, there was evidence of radiographic progression in the operated joint. These data suggest that synovectomy temporarily slows the disease in the operated joint but that the rheumatoid process probably will recur eventually.
Excessive purine synthesis and neurologic dysfunction in children
Authors: Sorensen L. B. , Kawahara F. , Chow D. , Benke P. J. , Coben L.
Published: February 2007

Clinical and biochemical features in four boys with neurologic dysfunction and excessive uric acid production are reported. Three boys with the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome had about 2% of normal activity of HG‐PRTase in red blood cells. On the basis of clinical manifestations and enzyme studies, the fourth patient had a separate biochemical defect. Azathioprine and allopurinol failed to suppress purine biosynthesis in either condition. The children were exquisitely sensitive to the uricogenic effect of 2‐ethylamino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole. The mother of a boy with Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome had marginally increased glycine‐14C incorporation into uric acid, with an isotopic pattern intermediate between those observed in the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome and in normals.
Iron induced arthritis in immature rabbits
Authors: Brighton Carl T. , Bigley Elmer C. , Smolenski Benjamin I.
Published: February 2007

Intramuscularly administered iron dextran in immature rabbits leads to iron deposition in the articular cartilage chondrocyte followed by lacunar enlargement, the appearance of transverse striations in the matrix, abnormal staining characteristics of the middle layer of cartilage, rounding of the surface chondrocytes, fibrillation and fraying of the cartilage matrix, and death and disappearance of the chondrocytes. Iron deposition also occurs in the synovium and leads to mild thickening with no inflammatory cell reaction. In mature rabbits, iron is deposited in the synovium only, and none of the above cartilage changes occur.
Hemarthrosis and sickle cell trait
Authors: Casey David F. , Cathcart Edgar S.
Published: February 2007

A case of sickle cell trait associated with hemarthrosis in several joints is presented. It is suggested that coincidental acute inflammation of the synovial membrane enhanced the sickling phenomenon and produced the resultant bleeding disturbance. The articular changes associated with sickle cell anemia and those found in sickle cell traits are compared and contrasted. The need for careful joint fluid analysis in patients with molecular diseases of hemoglobin is emphasized.
Anemia as a Presenting Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Healey L. A. , Wilske Kenneth R.
Published: February 2007

Nine older patients sought medical attention because of malaise and fatigue. Each had a hypoproliferative anemia and their hematocrits ranged from 27 to 32%. When an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) exceeded 100 mm/hr the temporal artery was biopsied. Giant cell arteritis was found in 4 biopsies and 2 others showed focal calcification. All patients were given corticosteroids and their symptoms improved rapidly, hematocrit values rose, and ESR fell.
Avoiding False‐Positive Joint Scans by the Use of Labeled Albumins
Authors: Cohen Marvin B. , Lorber Arthur
Published: February 2007

Knee joints were scanned in a group of patients with gout and rheumatoid arthritis and in a second group of patients without joint disease. 131I human serum albumin, 99mTc‐albumin or 99mTc‐pertechnetate were utilized. Scans performed with labeled albumin were reliable indicators of the presence or absence of active inflammation of the joint. Technetium, as the pertechnetate, not only concentrated in all inflamed joints but was also concentrated in the knee joint of 19 of 20 patients without joint disease.
Connective Tissue Activation. II. Abnormalities of Cultured Rheumatoid Synovial Cells
Authors: Castor C. William , Smith Susan F. , Ritchie James C. , Dorstewitz Emily L.
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid synovial cells grown in vitro demonstrated: a) increased rate of lactate formation, b) increased rate of glucose uptake, c) increased rate of hyaluronate synthesis, d) decreased sensitivity to exogenous activator and e) increased concentrations of an endogenous activator. Exogenous activator was shown to be capable of inducing cortisol unresponsiveness in relation to suppression of hyaluronate synthesis. Evidence that exogenous activator is not long retained by synovial cells suggests that elevated levels in rheumatoid cells are due to accentuated endogenous formation. Elevated activator peptide content of rheumatoid synovial cells provides an explanation for many of the differences between normal and rheumatoid synovial cells in vitro.
Fibrinogen Degradation Products in Serum and Urine of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Relation to Renal Disease and Pathogenetic Mechanism
Authors: Kanyerezi Bwogi R. , Lwanga Stephen K. , Bloch Kurt J.
Published: February 2007

Serum and concentrated urine from blood donors, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and SLE patients with and without renal disease were tested for the presence of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), using the tanned red cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay. The majority of blood donors had serum titers of 1:2 to 1:4, while the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus had titers of 1:8 to 1:32. FDP were detected in low titers in urine of nearly all blood donors, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and SLE patients without renal disease, whereas elevated titers were found in SLE patients with active renal disease. Several possible sources of the urinary FDP are discussed, and the role of fibrin deposition in glomerular injury is reviewed.
Navajo Arthritis—an Unusual, Acute, Self‐Limited Disease
Authors: Muggia Albert L. , Bennahum David A. , Williams Ralph C.
Published: February 2007

An acute, self‐limited, asymmetric, polyarthritis is described in 21 Navajo patients, which in all cases affected the knee and, in most, other joints as well. All patients had sterile cultures and negative tests for rheumatoid factor and LE preparations. One patient had multiple bouts without residual defect. We believe that Navajo Arthritis is a distinct syndrome of unknown etiology.
Amyloidosis: A study of its pathogenesis and the role of humoral immunity
Authors: Abruzzo John L.
Published: February 2007

The relationship of humoral antibody production and amyloid formation induced in the experimental animal was investigated. Amyloidosis was induced in hamsters by infection with Leishmania donovani and the antibody response to typhoid‐paratyphoid vaccine was analyzed on serum samples obtained before and during the stage of amyloid formation and deposition. The results indicate that the humoral antibody response to an antigenic challenge is not altered during any stage of the development of secondary amyloidosis. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that secondary amyloidosis results from chronic stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by various factors, of which some may be immunogenic.
The human incudomalleal joint. Chondroid articular cartilage and degenerative arthritis
Authors: Gussen Ruth
Published: February 2007

The articular cartilage of the incudomalleal joint appears to be secondary or chondroid cartilage, formed and maintained by the synovial cells of the joint space. It might be considered epiphyseal cartilage, forming chondroid cartilage and chondroid bone normally within the deep cartilage of the joint. The early joint changes seen with age consist of globule formation and cell clustering in the superficial cartilage layer, with gradual transformation to a chondro‐osseous matrix at the surface. The changes of degenerative arthritis are loss of surface demarcation, focal surface defects, and foci of thinning and absence of the intra‐articular disc with approximation of uneven, calcified joint surfaces.
Scale effects in animal joints. II. Thickness and elasticity in the deformability of articular cartilage
Authors: Simon William H.
Published: February 2007

The deformability of articular cartilage was studied in vitro in 64 bovine, canine and human joints with an indenting compressometer. Two factors contributed to the depth of the indentation: the thickness of the cartilage and its intrinsic elasticity. Within a given species, there was in general a consistent curvilinear relationship between the magnitude of the deformation and the thickness of the articular cartilage under a given level of static loading (usually 106 pounds per square inch). Although it was not possible to establish a satisfactory Young's modulus, differences in intrinsic elasticity were demonstrated by variations in the indentations produced in cartilages of comparable thickness, when subjected to the same compressive stress. These species differences corresponded roughly to variations in the water content of the articular cartilages (bovine, 87; canine, 80; human, 79%). The data are consistent with the hypothesis that deformability of articular cartilage serves to increase the congruence of joints and thereby reduce the stresses on their surfaces. A frequently postulated senescent thinning of articular cartilage received no support from measurements of 28 intact human patellas through the fifth decade of life.
Gonococcal arthritis in two patients with active lupus erythematosus. A diagnostic problem
Authors: Edelen John S. , Lockshin Michael D. , LeRoy E. Carwile
Published: February 2007

Two patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed polyarthritis which was documented to be due to gonococcal infection. One patient simultaneously had LE cells and intracellular diplococci in her synovial fluid. Similarities and differences between SLE and gonococcal arthritis are discussed. The coincidence of SLE and gonococcal arthritis reemphasizes bacteremias as a curable cause of polyarthritis in patients with SLE.
The relationship between radiologic changes and osteoporosis of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bjelle Anders O. , Nilsson Bo E.
Published: February 2007

Assessment of the radiologic severity of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand was made from the presence of erosions, joint space narrowing and ankylosis. The degree of severity derived from this assessment correlated significantly with bone mass, as evaluated from measurements of the cortical thickness in the hand and in the proximal end of the forearm.
Immunologic studies of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bianco Nicolas E. , Panush Richard S. , Stillman J. Sydney , Schur Peter H.
Published: February 2007

Antigammaglobulins of the IgG, IgA and IgM classes, and whole hemolytic complement and complement components were measured in the sera and synovial fluid of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Two groups of patients were distinguishable using these measurements. A group of patients with chronic active disease had elevated levels of IgG, IgA and IgM antigammaglobulins and relative depressions of complement and complement components in sera and synovial fluid. Another group of patients with acute self‐limited disease had elevated levels of IgG and IgA antigammaglobulins and serum complement and negative latex fixation tests in association with disease activity. These values returned to normal with clinical remissions.
Distinctive serum globulin responses to parenteral treatment with 17‐β‐estradiol in female NZB/NZW mice
Authors: Walker Sara Ellen , Bole Giles G.
Published: February 2007

After 6 weeks of treatment with 17‐β‐estradiol, two distinct groups of female NZB/NZW mice were identified. Group I females developed significant increases in serum α2, β‐ and γ‐globulins and had few serologic abnormalities. Serum globulins did not increase in Group II females. This blunted response correlated with a pretreatment increase in the frequency of positive tests for ANA, LE phenomena and cryoproteins in 4‐week‐old Group II mice.
Growth of rubella virus in cultures of synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Runge Lorne A. , Allison Anthony C.
Published: February 2007

Nine rheumatoid and 5 control synovial cell cultures showed no deficiency in ability to grow rubella virus or to exhibit a cytopathic effect. This finding considerably weakens previous evidence arguing for the presence of an agent within rheumatoid synovial cells capable of producing intrinsic interference.
Reiter's syndrome and acute aortic insufficiency
Authors: Block Sidney R.
Published: February 2007

A 24‐year‐old man with active Reiter's syndrome suddenly developed aortic insufficiency. The significance of this lesion is commented upon. He represents the first well‐documented case of acute aortic insufficiency associated with Reiter's syndrome.
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
Authors: Melton John W. , Irby Robert
Published: February 2007

The thirty‐fourth case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with skin nodules and arthritis exhibiting typical histiocytic infiltrates in skin and synovium in a 16‐year‐old white female high school school student is presented. Unlike the usual reported course of this disease, the arthritis is currently of moderate degree and has been only slowly progressive. A brief review of the major manifestations of this disorder is given.
Osteoarticular changes in Wilson's disease
Authors: Feller Edward R. , Schumacher H. Ralph
Published: February 2007

The musculoskeletal system of 17 patients with known Wilson's disease was studied clinically and radiographically. Major abnormalities were seen only in 5 patients over 21 years of age. Multiple calcified loose bodies at the wrists were present in 4, premature degenerative arthritis at the knees with chondromalacia patellae in 4 and chondrocalcinosis at the knees in 2. Mild demineralization was seen at all ages and was present in 9 patients. These unusual wrist and knee changes are infrequently recognized manifestations of Wilson's disease in the adult.
Significance of xenon‐133 clearance rate from canine and human joints
Authors: Phelps Paulding , Steele A. Dean , McCarty Daniel J.
Published: February 2007

The clearance curve of 133Xe from canine and human knee joints has two monoexponential components. The rapid half clearance time is designated T1/2F and the slower T1/2S. 133Xe concentration in periarticular tissues was measured; the nuclide was predominately in the intraarticular fat during T1/2S and was distributed between the synovial fluid, synovial membrane and fat during T1/2F. Because of predominant tissue localization of 133Xe during T1/2S and T1/2F, T1/2S is thought to represent clearance from articular fat and T1/2F to represent clearance from synovial fluid and membrane. Use of xenon clearance to calculate the blood flow to synovium or articular fat requires several assumptions that cannot be experimentally verified at this time. Elevation of intraarticular pressure, but not intraarticular volume, decreased 133Xe clearance from both compartments. Crystal‐induced inflammation was usually associated with faster T1/2S, although in one human volunteer T1/2S was slower until a part of the inflammatory exudate was removed. On the other hand, T1/2F was variable.
Effects of proteolytic enzymes on structural and mechanical properties of cartilage
Authors: Harris Edward D. , Parker Howard G. , Radin Eric L. , Krane Stephen M.
Published: February 2007

Cartilage has a great capacity to resist compressive force. This quality is related to its unique composition of proteinpolysaccharide in a mesh‐work of collagen fibers. Although cartilage is not grossly altered in appearance in vitro by incubation with enzymes which can deplete proteinpolysaccharide, it becomes less stiff and more flexible. When slices of canine cartilage were incubated in 0.1M Tris‐HCl, pH 7.6, 37°C, without prior freezing or addition of detergents, they spontaneously lost 60% of proteinpolysaccharide by the third day without concomitant loss of collagen. Specimens incubated with trypsin were depleted of 75% proteinpolysaccharide by the first 24 hours and, over a 1‐week period, 20% of the collagen, although less than 2% was released during the last 2 days of incubation. Bacterial collagenase resulted in loss of approximately 9% of the total collagen during each day's incubation for 1 week, but the proteinpolysaccharide depletion followed a curve similar to controls. Functional studies, measuring strain under load, indicated that during 24‐hour incubations of cartilage treated with trypsin or hyaluronidase these samples had much more evidence of strain than did collagenase‐treated specimens. The latter lost actual thickness, however, while the trypsin‐treated samples and controls remained the same size, suggesting that collagen has the primary role in determining form of cartilage and may be capable of significant water binding in the absence of proteinpolysaccharide. It is proposed that measurement of compressibility of articular cartilage is a suitable index of its effective proteinpolysaccharide content, and the total volume or thickness can be diminished only by agents capable of removing collagen.
Aortic insufficiency and pelvospondylitis in a seropositive female with rheumatoid nodules
Authors: van Valkenburgh Wood G. , Georges Leon P. , Irby Robert
Published: February 2007

Aortic insufficiency appeared in a female patient with seropositive, nodular rheumatoid arthritis. X‐ray changes of pelvospondylitis strongly suggested ankylosing spondylitis. Aortic insufficiency and pelvospondylitis are discussed as they relate to rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Rheumatic carditis: In vitro responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to heart and streptococcal antigens
Authors: McLaughlin John F. , Paterson Philip Y. , Hartz Renée S. , Embury Stephen H.
Published: February 2007

Cell‐mediated immune responses to heart and streptococcal cell walls were studied in 21 children with rheumatic carditis and 15 clinically well children. The bioassay employed was proliferation of blood leukocytes, quantitated by in vitro tritiated thymidine incorporation. Neither the rheumatic children nor control subjects showed statistically significant leukocyte responses to heart homogenates or a purified myocardium fraction. In contrast, both groups of patients exhibited significant responses to streptococcal cell walls. The results suggest that patients with rheumatic carditis do not mount a cellular immune response to heart, as might be expected if cell‐mediated autoimmunity is a feature of this disease.
Antibiotic therapy in experimental bedsonial arthritis
Authors: Gilbert Robert J , Schachter Julius , Engleman Ephraim P , Meyer Karl F
Published: February 2007

Bedsoniae recovered from patients with Reiter's syndrome cause arthritis in 100% of rabbits inoculated with an adequate concentration of organisms. Intraarticular bedsonial inoculation results in ocular infection and involvement of other joints in some rabbits. Early adequate tetracycline or penicillin therapy can prevent or reverse the arthritis. In rabbits with chronic arthritis, tetracycline therapy eliminated the bedsoniae but did not affect the course of the disease.
Skeletal status in rheumatoid arthritis a preliminary report
Authors: Mueller Mark N , Jurist John M
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐six women with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis, according to the criteria of the AMERICAN RHEUMATISM ASSOCIATION, age‐matched with controls were evaluated for bone mineral content and rigidity. Significant bone loss occurred in arthritics treated with corticosteroids. Bone losses at diaphyseal and metaphyseal sites were of similar magnitude—suggesting no preferential loss of trabecular bone. A significant decrease in relative ulnar rigidity was observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis not receiving corticisteroids. An even larger decrease was noted in subjects receiving corticosteroids.
Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with 6‐mercaptopurine
Authors: Baum John , Hurd Eric , Lewis David , Ferguson John L , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Thirteen patients with psoriasis and arthritis were treated with 6‐mercaptopurine in dosages ranging from 20 to 150 mg/day (0.36 to 2.4 mg/kg/day). Eleven of the 13 patients with a diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis showed improvement of the arthritis and psoriasis with minimal side effects. Improvement could be maintained on a dose of about 1.0 mg/kg/day. The improvement was seen in 3 weeks or less in most cases. Remission after stopping therapy lasted up to 10 months.
Double‐blind study of cyclophosphamide in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lidsky Martin D , Sharp John T , Billings Sharon
Published: February 2007

Recent studies deomonstrated that cyclophosphamide given in doses that frequently induce leukopenia slows the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Since the hazards of cyclophosphamide therapy would be less if smaller doses were effective, a double‐blind study using 0.87 to 1 mg/kg/day for 1 year was carried out. No benefit from cyclophosphamide therapy was observed.
Lactoferrin‐an iron binding protein in synovial fluid
Authors: Bennett Robert M , Eddie‐Quartey A C , Holt P J L
Published: February 2007

This study was initiated in an attempt to confirm recent reports that mycoplasmas can be regularly isolated from human rheumatoid tissue, and that joint lesions can be induced in mice and chicks by injection of human rheumatoid synovium. All synovial tissues were free of mycoplasmas including T‐strains. Density gradient centrifugations failed to produce additional isolates. Diphtheroids were isolated from two nonrheumatoid synovial suspensions. Joint lesions developed in 12.7% of newborn mice given rheumatoid tissue and 13.2% of mice given control material. Chick embryos injected with synovial suspensions developed a 6.7% incidence of lesions with no significant difference apparent between embryos injected with rheumatoid or nonrheumatoid synovia.
Studies into the occurrence of soluble antigen‐antibody complexes in disease
Authors: Urowitz Murray B , Gordon Duncan A , Broder Irvin
Published: February 2007

The first assessment of 127 rheumatoid patients, previously reported, revealed that the rheumatoid biologically active factor (RBAF) correlated with a more advanced and widespread form of disease. The results of a second assessment are reported here, carried out after an interval of 9 months in 107 of the patients originally studied. The RBAF status of one‐fourth patients was found to be changed at the second assessment; although overall distribution between positive and negative groups remained constant. Those patients who converted from RBAF‐positive to RBAF‐negative showed marked clinical improvement, while subjects who converted from RBAF‐negative to RBAF‐positive failed to improve or were worse in certain parameters. These findings indicated that there was a direct relationship between alterations in the RBAF and clinical status.
Influence of natural and synthetic estrogens on the course of autoimmune disease in the nzb/nzw mouse
Authors: Walker Sara Ellen , Bole Giles G
Published: February 2007

Antinuclear antibodies were found in 64% of serum samples obtained from male NZB/NZW mice after 6 weeks of treatment with mestranol. Both female and male mice responded to this synthetic female hormone with marked elevations of serum α2‐ and β‐globulins; γ‐globulins were not increased. There was no evidence that mestranol accelerated the development of autoimmune renal disease in these animals. Treatment of hybrid New Zealand mice with mestranol, 17‐β‐estradiol and oophorectomy exerts divergent effects on serum proteins and the development of serologic abnormalities.
Valvular mechanisms in antecubital cysts of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ehrlich George E , Guttmann Gad G
Published: February 2007

Two further cases of antecubital cysts resulting from rheumatoid arthritis are reported, both having valvular mechanisms permitting synovial fluid to pass from the elbow joint to the cyst but not the reverse. Rice bodies and synovial villous proliferation act as ball‐valves and the long neck of some cysts may act as Bunsen valves. One synovial cyst was successfully excised, while another underwent spontaneous regression after successful surgery at the wrist restored more nearly normal prontation and spination of the forearm.
The Arthropathy of Hemochromatosis Without Hemochromatosis
Authors: Gordon Duncan A. , Little Hugh A.
Published: February 2007

A 65‐year‐old man and his 62‐year‐old sister presented with joint pains and were found to have chondrocalcinosis. Both had elevations of serum iron and an increased saturation of iron binding protein. Biopsies revealed hemosiderin deposits in the parenchymal cells of the liver of both patients and the lining cells of the synovium of one. Although these siblings presented with an arthropathy resembling that associated with hemochromatosis, neither had any other clinical manifestations of hemochromatosis.
Serum Uric Acid and Achievement in High School
Authors: Montoye Henry J. , Mikkelsen William M.
Published: February 2007

The relationship of serum uric acid concentration and school achievement was studied in 467 high school children in Tecumseh, Michigan. Serum uric acid (SUA) was determined by the spectrophotometric method. No statistically significant relationships were found between SUA and intelligence quotient or average academic grades. There was also no significant difference in SUA among the overachievers (higher grade point average than predicted by IQ) as compared to the underachievers.
Regional Migratory Osteoporosis
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C. , Popovtzer Mordecai M. , Huffer William E. , Smyth Charley J.
Published: February 2007

An additional case of regional migratory osteoporosis is described in a 54‐ year‐old male who had involvement of his right and left knees and left foot one after the other, each lasting for 7 to 9 months. Additional features observed in this case and not described previously in the literature were associated transient proximal muscle wasting, acrocyanosis, hyperhydrosis and tremors of both hands. A detailed bone biopsy from osteoporotic site is reported.
Antibodies to Viral and Synthetic Double‐Stranded RNA in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sylvester Robert A. , Attias Moises , Talal Norman , Tuffanelli Denny L.
Published: February 2007

Antibodies to reovirus double‐stranded RNA (3H‐reovirus RNA) were demonstrated in 23 of 54 sera (42%) of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and 35 of 50 sera (70%) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a cellulose ester filter radioimmunoassay. The incidence of antibodies to 3H‐reovirus RNA was 10% in psoriasis, 14% in rheumatoid arthritis, 19% in Sjogren's syndrome and 4% in normal controls. Inhibition studies performed on SLE and DLE sera showed that the anti‐RNA antibodies had similar specificities. These results suggest that DLE may be part of the SLE spectrum.
Serologic Abnormalities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Viral Hepatitis and Tuberculosis
Authors: Salisbury Kent W. , Plotz Paul H. , Holland Paul V. , Steinberg Alfred D. , Peppercorn Mark
Published: February 2007

A 38‐year‐old Turkish woman with the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus but with negative LE cell tests developed a positive LE cell test and anti‐DNA and anti‐RNA antibodies coincident to manifestations of serum hepatitis. Tuberculosis, present at the same time, may have been an additional factor.
Uridine Incorporation into the Media and RNA of Cultured Rheumatoid Synovial Cells
Authors: Grayzel Arthur I.
Published: February 2007

The incorporation of 3H‐uridine into the media and RNA of rheumatoid synovial cell cultures, with and without pretreatment with 5‐bromo‐deoxyuridine (BUDR) and Actinomycin D, has been examined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation without providing evidence for the presence of an infectious agent within these cells.
Local and Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced in Rats with 6‐Sulfanilamidoindazole Arthritis
Authors: Ward John R. , Miller Morgan L. , Burch Frank
Published: February 2007

Rats fed 6‐SAI show a marked increase of plasma fibrinogen. After IV endotoxin, there was a precipitous fall in the circulating leukocyte count, followed by a marked decrease in the plasma fibrinogen level and death. The time of death of the rats corresponded to the rapid fall of plasma fibrinogen. Histologically these animals demonstrate: 1) fibrin deposits in the glomerular capillaries, Bowman's space, and small veins of the kidneys; 2) fibrin deposition in the septal capillaries and veins of the lungs; 3) fibrin deposition in the portal veins, sinusoids, and central veins of the liver with marked hepatic congestion; 4) splenic congestion with hemorrhagic disruption of the follicles and fibrin deposition in a circumferential fashion about the follicles; and 5) marked edema, dilation, and engorgement of the subcutaneous and periarticular veins of the hindpaws with prominent hemorrhage into these areas. Fibrin deposits in veins and tissues of the paws was also observed. Thus, it appears that 6‐SAI arthritis simultaneously prepares the rat for both the generalized and localized Shwartzman reaction.
Fenoprofen ®calcium in rheumatoid arthritis. a controlled double‐blind crossover evaluation
Authors: Fries James F. , Britton Melvin C.
Published: February 2007

Fenoprofen Calcium (Lilly, Compound 69323) is a new nonsteroidal analgesic and antiinflammatory drug proposed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions. In a controlled double‐blind crossover study comparing 6 weeks of Fenoprofen therapy with 6 weeks of treatment with high‐dose acetylsalicylic acid, the aspirin proved minimally more effective and substantially more toxic. Nine of 27 patients found Fenoprofen equal to aspirin, and 6 preferred it. Twelve patients preferred aspirin. The safety of the drug suggested by animal studies appears to be confirmed by these short‐term studies in relatively small numbers of patients. It appears likely that Fenoprofen will provide a useful, although not dramatic, additional agent with which to manage the patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
The effect of low oxygen concentration on growth, glycolysis, and sulfate incorporation by articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture
Authors: Marcus Ralph E. , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

Radiosulfate incorporation, DNA synthesis, and glycoiysis by rabbit articular chondrocytes and skin fibrocytes in monolayer culture were compared under different concentrations of oxygen (19, 6.8, 1.3, and 0.6%). Cell for cell, chondrocytes under each condition had higher levels of radiosulfate incorporation and glycolysis than did fibrocytes. Growth of the fibrocytes was reduced approximately 20% when the oxygen concentration was reduced to 6.8%, but that of chondrocytes was unaffected. A progressive Pasteur effect was observed with both cell types. Radiosulfate incorporation was reduced at low oxygen concentrations. The findings in this cell culture system are thus at variance with other published evidence that hypoxia is a major histogenetic force favoring chondrogenic expression.
Destructive polyarthritis secondary to mycobacterium kansasii
Authors: Girard Donald E. , Bagby Grover C. , Walsh John R.
Published: February 2007

A 42‐year‐old patient is reported in whom Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infection preceded the development of arthritis secondary to hematogenous spread. Contributing factors included systemic lupus erythematosus and corticosteroid therapy. Further, we present evidence that in M. kansasii infections, pulmonary lesions may precede extrapulmonary disease; hematogenous spread of infection likely represents the route through which joint disease evolves; previous damage to the joint whether from intrinsic disease as in rheumatoid arthritis, or extrinsic disease as in trauma, may be necessary for the development of infectious arthritis; and lastly, dissemination often represents opportunistic infection in patients who are immunologically compromised.
A search for viruses and mycoplasmas in connective tissue diseases
Authors: Person Donald A. , Sharp John T. , Rawls William E.
Published: February 2007

Taking advantage of the distinctive buoyant densities of viral and mycoplasmal nucleic acids, methods were developed for detecting a noncytolytic virus or mycoplasma in synovial cell cultures. No evidence of viral or mycoplasmal infection was found in the study of 20 cell strains derived from 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 3 patients with noninflammatory joint disease, and one patient each with Reiter's syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, vasculitis with hepatitis 6 antigenemia, and ankylosing spondylitis with peripheral arthritis. Further, neither the treatment of synovial‐VERO cocultured cells with 5‐iodo‐2'‐deoxyuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide nor radiolabeling at the time of explanation permitted the detection of a virus or mycoplasma.
A fatal case of Reiter's disease complicated by amyloidosis
Authors: Caughey David E. , Wakem Christopher J.
Published: February 2007

The clinical course of an 18‐year‐old boy with Reiter's disease is described. Diarrhea occurred at times, as did occasional melena. Remission occurred after 6 months, but 3 months later, following a severe relapse involving the skin, the joints, and the bowel, paralytic ileus developed, and at laparotomy colectomy was performed. On the sixth postoperative day he died. The postmortem findings were of bronchopneumonia and widespread amyloidosis, including involvement of the bowel.
Ochronotic arthropathy with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition a light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Reginato Antonio J. , Ralph Schumacher H. , Martinez Virginia A.
Published: February 2007

Synovial fluid from a patient with ochronotic arthropathy and calcification of the capsule of the right knee contained calcium pyrophosphate crystals and dark debris. Microscopic examination of an unstained fresh preparation showed these dark fragments to have a brown or golden brown color typical of ochronotic pigment. By electron microscopy there were identifiable cartilage fragments in the synovial fluid. These contained clumps of dense material deposited on the surface of collagen fibers. Similar brown staining and electron dense material probably representing ochronotic pigment was seen in synovial membrane and synovial fluid cells. Some of the intracellular calcium pyrophosphate crystals were in close relation with probable pigment.
Adult onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Aptekar Robert G. , Decker John L. , Bujak Joseph S. , Wolff Sheldon M.
Published: February 2007

The term “juvenile rheumatoid arthritis” (JRA) is used to designate a chronic polyarthritic process of onset in childhood. Discussion of the possibility of an adult form of JRA is revived. Fifteen patients who are believed to have JRA are described briefly; they are notable for the fact that their disease began after age 16.
Filter radioimmunoassay for antibodies to reovirus rna in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Attias Moises R. , Sylvester Robert A. , Talal Norman
Published: February 2007

Antibodies binding reovirus RNA (3H‐reovirus RNA) were demonstrated in 35 of 50 sera (70%) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 22 of 29 sera (76%) from New Zealand hybrid mice (NZB/NZW F1) using a cellulose ester filter radioimmunoassay. By contrast, they were present in only 19% of 69 patients with Sjögren's syndrome, 14% of 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 4% of 88 normal adult controls. This assay method will also measure antibodies to DNA and synthetic RNA and depends on entrapment of radioactive nucleic acid immune complexes on the filter. Serial studies in three patients treated with a stable dose of corticosteroids demonstrated similar binding and specificity over several years of disease.
Lipid synovial effusion unique occurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ryan William E. , Ellefson Ralph D. , Emmerson Ward L.
Published: February 2007

A patient who had systemic lupus erythematosus developed an acute synovitis symptomatically resembling septic arthritis: however, the synovial effusion was chylous, a unique occurrence. Significant differences, quantitatively and qualitatively, between the lipids of the blood and those of the synovial fluid suggested the possibility of synthesis of the lipids in synovial tissues.
Development of reticulum cell sarcoma during cyclophosphamide therapy
Authors: Tannenbaum Hyman , Schur Peter H.
Published: February 2007

A 55‐year‐old woman with a clinical picture of deforming rheumatoid arthritis associated with serologic and histologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is described. After 14 months of therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone, disseminated reticulum cell sarcoma was discovered.
Parameters of improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclophosphamide
Authors: Hurd E. R. , Ziff M.
Published: February 2007

Nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with cyclophosphamide. A significant decrease in joint score was seen in 8 patients after 2 months of treatment. At this time there were significant decreases in the monocyte and small lymphocyte counts. Leukopenia was not observed nor were significant changes in other common laboratory parameters observed at this time. Significant decreases in immunoglobulin levels occurred only after 10 months of treatment. Total depletion of small lymphocytes occurred in 7 of 9 patients at 33 weeks. These findings suggest that improvement on cyclophosphamide may be related to decreases in circulating small lymphocytes and monocytes and that levels of these cells in blood rather than the development of leukopenia be used as a guide to dosage.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung during azathioprine therapy
Authors: McAdam Lawrence , Paulus Harold E. , Peter James B.
Published: February 2007

Reports of malignancies developing during immunosuppressive therapy have been difficult to interpret because of concurrent prednisone administration in all cases, and organ transplantation in most. This communication reports an adenocarcinoma of the lung in a 39‐year‐old woman with lupus nephritis who had been treated only with azathioprine during the previous 4 years. This suggests that corticosteroids and transplanted antigens may not be prerequisites for the development of a malignancy during immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro peripheral blood and synovial fluid lymphocyte interactions
Authors: Griffiths Marie M. , Williams Ralph C.
Published: February 2007

In vitro interaction of autologous peripheral blood and synovial fluid lymphocytes was studied using cells isolated from patients with various forms of arthritis. Addition of mitomycin‐treated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with inflammatory arthritis to in vitro cultures of autologous synovial fluid lymphocytes caused an increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine by the synovial fluid lymphocytes. However when the reverse situation was tested, no stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitomycin‐treated synovial cells was recorded. In some instances synovial fluid lymphocytes were observed to exert an apparent cytotoxic or inhibitory effect on autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes. The latter response pattern was found to occur to a much greater degree with lymphocyte preparations from patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in those with other forms of inflammatory joint disease.
Serum levels of C1q, C1r and C1s in normal and pathologic sera
Authors: M de E de Bracco María , Manni Jorge A
Published: February 2007

C1q, C1r and C1s protein concentrations were simultaneously assayed in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever as well as in healthy adult control subjects. Correlation coefficients between the three subunits of C1 were calculated and the sequential evolution of C1q, C1r, and C1s levels was studied in patients with SLE. In the majority of cases there was a good correlation between C1q, C1r, and C1s; subunit levels increased or decreased in a coordinated fashion. A marked discrepancy between C1q, C1r, and C1s serum concentration was observed in 3 instances. Low C1q coexisted with extremely high C1r and C1s values. It appears that C1r and C1s are closely linked while C1q may vary in a more independent way.
Favorable outcome in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Epstein Wallace V. , Grausz Henry
Published: February 2007

Life table analysis of 31 patients with biopsy proven diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus reveals a 77.7% five‐year survival. Patients with similar lesions have, in the past, had an approximate 20% five‐year survival. The improved survival is attributed to the combined use of prednisone and chlorambucil and a panel of frequently repeated laboratory tests that provides a guide to the activity of the systemic disease.
Urinary fibrin split products in lupus nephritis. Correlation with other parameters of renal disease
Authors: Marchesi S. L. , Aptekar R. G. , Steinberg A. D. , Gralnick H. R. , Decker J. L.
Published: February 2007

A total of 337 measurements of urinary fibrin(ogen) split products (FDP) have been made over a 2‐year period on 56 patients with lupus nephritis. Nineteen patients were studied during a 14 week controlled trial of cytoxic drug therapy and the remaining patients were studied at random intervals. An attempt was made to correlate FDP excretion levels with accepted parameters of renal disease and of lupus activity. While patients with significant nephritis by other criteria excreted elevated levels of FDP when compared with normal individuals or patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the excretion by individual patients fluctuated markedly in sequential measurements. In addition FDP excretion correlated poorly with BUN, creatinine clearance, and protein excretion, and with indicators of lupus activity (C3 and anti‐DNA levels). We conclude that although fibrin deposition in the glomerulus is almost certainly an important factor in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, urinary FDP levels are not helpful in assessing the progress of glomerular damage in individual patients.