bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Succinic Acid Production from Minimally Pretreated Biomass Using Sequential Solid-State and Slurry Fermentation with Mixed Fungal Cultures
Authors: Alcantara Jerico , Mondala Andro , Hughey Logan , Shields Shaun
Published: June 2017

Conventional bio-based succinic acid production involves anaerobic bacterial fermentation of pure sugars. This study explored a new route for directly producing succinic acid from minimally-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass via a consolidated bioprocessing technology employing a mixed lignocellulolytic and acidogenic fungal co-culture. The process involved a solid-state pre-fermentation stage followed by a two-phase slurry fermentation stage. During the solid-state pre-fermentation stage, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei were co-cultured in a nitrogen-rich substrate (e.g., soybean hull) to induce cellulolytic enzyme activity. The ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was grown separately on carbon-rich birch wood chips to induce ligninolytic enzymes, rendering the biomass more susceptible to cellulase attack. The solid-state pre-cultures were then combined in a slurry fermentation culture to achieve simultaneous enzymatic cellulolysis and succinic acid production. This approach generated succinic acid at maximum titers of 32.43 g/L after 72 h of batch slurry fermentation (~10 g/L production), and 61.12 g/L after 36 h of addition of fresh birch wood chips at the onset of the slurry fermentation stage (~26 g/L production). Based on this result, this approach is a promising alternative to current bacterial succinic acid production due to its minimal substrate pretreatment requirements, which could reduce production costs.
Exogenous Feeding of Fructose and Phenylalanine Further Improves Betulin Production in Suspended Betula platyphylla Cells under Nitric Oxide Treatment
Authors: Fan Guizhi , Nie Tingting , Fan Jin , Zhan Yaguang
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to assay by NMR the metabolites which contribute to betulin production. 8-day-old suspended birch (Betula platyphylla) cells were treated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment, an NO donor, and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), an NO-specific scavenger. The results showed that betulin production was increased by five times after SNP treatment, similar with that of the control under cPTIO treatment. Forty one metabolites were detected after SNP treatment or cPTIO treatment. Among them, 10 were found to significantly contribute to the differences observed between controls and treated cell culture samples. To validate the contribution of the above 10 metabolites to betulin production, myo-inositol, fructose and phenylalanine based on correlation analysis between the content of 12 metabolites and betulin were used to feed birch suspension cell cultures under SNP treatment. Exogenous feeding of fructose or phenylalanine further enhanced the betulin production under SNP treatment, but myo-inositol had the opposite result.
Conservation Farming and Changing Climate: More Beneficial than Conventional Methods for Degraded Ugandan Soils
Authors: Mubiru Drake , Namakula Jalia , Lwasa James , Otim Godfrey , Kashagama Joselyn , Nakafeero Milly , Nanyeenya William , Coyne Mark
Published: June 2017

The extent of land affected by degradation in Uganda ranges from 20% in relatively flat and vegetation-covered areas to 90% in the eastern and southwestern highlands. Land degradation has adversely affected smallholder agro-ecosystems including direct damage and loss of critical ecosystem services such as agricultural land/soil and biodiversity. This study evaluated the extent of bare grounds in Nakasongola, one of the districts in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda and the yield responses of maize (Zea mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different tillage methods in the district. Bare ground was determined by a supervised multi-band satellite image classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC). Field trials on maize and bean grain yield responses to tillage practices used a randomized complete block design with three replications, evaluating conventional farmer practice (CFP); permanent planting basins (PPB); and rip lines, with or without fertilizer in maize and bean rotations. Bare ground coverage in the Nakasongola District was 187 km2 (11%) of the 1741 km2 of arable land due to extreme cases of soil compaction. All practices, whether conventional or the newly introduced conservation farming practices in combination with fertilizer increased bean and maize grain yields, albeit with minimal statistical significance in some cases. The newly introduced conservation farming tillage practices increased the bean grain yield relative to conventional practices by 41% in PPBs and 43% in rip lines. In maize, the newly introduced conservation farming tillage practices increased the grain yield by 78% on average, relative to conventional practices. Apparently, conservation farming tillage methods proved beneficial relative to conventional methods on degraded soils, with the short-term benefit of increasing land productivity leading to better harvests and food security.
MOA-2012-BLG-505Lb: A Super-Earth-mass Planet That Probably Resides in the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Nagakane M. , Sumi T. , Koshimoto N. , Bennett D. P. , Bond I. A. , Rattenbury N. , Suzuki D. , Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Barry R. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Fukui A. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Matsuo T. , Muraki Y. , Ohnishi K. , Ranc C. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Shibai H. , Sullivan D. J. , Tristram P. J. , Yamada T. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA Collaboration)
Published: June 2017

We report the discovery of a super-Earth-mass planet in the microlensing event MOA-2012-BLG-505. This event has the second shortest event timescale of t
E = 10 ± 1 days where the observed data show evidence of a planetary companion. Our 15 minute high cadence survey observation schedule revealed the short subtle planetary signature. The system shows the well known close/wide degeneracy. The planet/host-star mass ratio is q = 2.1 × 10−4 and the projected separation normalized by the Einstein radius is s = 1.1 or 0.9 for the wide and close solutions, respectively. We estimate the physical parameters of the system by using a Bayesian analysis and find that the lens consists of a super-Earth with a mass of

orbiting around a brown dwarf or late-M-dwarf host with a mass of

with a projected star–planet separation of

. The system is at a distance of 7.2 ± 1.1 kpc, i.e., it is likely to be in the Galactic bulge. The small angular Einstein radius (θ
E = 0.12 ± 0.02 mas) and short event timescale are typical for a low-mass lens in the Galactic bulge. Such low-mass planetary systems in the Bulge are rare because the detection efficiency of planets in short microlensing events is relatively low. This discovery may suggest that such low-mass planetary systems are abundant in the Bulge and currently on-going high cadence survey programs will detect more such events and may reveal an abundance of such planetary systems.
Dynamical Evolution of the Debris Disk after a Satellite Catastrophic Disruption around Saturn
Authors: Hyodo Ryuki , Charnoz Sébastien
Published: June 2017

The hypothesis of the recent origin of Saturn’s rings and its midsized moons is actively debated. It was suggested that a proto-Rhea and a proto-Dione might have collided recently, giving birth to the modern system of midsized moons. It has also been suggested that the rapid viscous spreading of the debris may have implanted mass inside Saturn’s Roche limit, giving birth to its modern ring system. However, this scenario has only been investigated in a very simplified way for the moment. This paper investigates it in detail to assess its plausibility by using N-body simulations and analytical arguments. When the debris disk is dominated by its largest remnant, N-body simulations show that the system quickly reaccretes into a single satellite without significant spreading. On the other hand, if the disk is composed of small particles, analytical arguments suggest that the disk experiences dynamical evolutions in three steps. The disk starts significantly excited after the impact and collisional damping dominates over the viscous spreading. After the system flattens, the system can become gravitationally unstable when particles are smaller than ∼100 m. However, the particles grow faster than spreading. Then, the system becomes gravitationally stable again and accretion continues at a slower pace, but spreading is inhibited. Therefore, the debris is expected to reaccrete into several large bodies. In conclusion, our results show that such a scenario may not form today’s ring system. In contrast, our results suggest that today’s midsized moons are likely reaccreted from such a catastrophic event.
12CO(J = 1
0) On-the-fly Mapping Survey of the Virgo Cluster Spirals. II. Molecular Gas Properties in Different Density Environments
Authors: Chung Eun Jung , Yun Min S. , Verheijen Marc A. W. , Chung Aeree
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the properties of the molecular gas content and star formation activity of 17 Virgo spirals, 21 Ursa Major (UMa) spirals, 13 Pisces spiral galaxies, and a comparison sample of 11 field spiral galaxies with a spatially resolved gas and stellar distribution. The H i-deficient galaxies with a defH i
 > 0.4 have a similar range of CO luminosity normalized by the K-band luminosity (L
CO/L
K) like the field spirals, although their CO content can be smaller by up to a factor of 2. The CO, H i, and stellar disk diameters are closely related to each other for both cluster and field galaxies, and the relative diameters of the CO and H i disks grow monotonically and smoothly as the H i-to-stellar disk diameter ratio decreases. Cluster galaxies have a molecular gas consumption time up to 10 times shorter than that of the field comparison sample, suggesting a significant change in the molecular gas content and star formation activity among all the cluster galaxies, even when they do not show any sign of H i stripping. The strongly H i-stripped Virgo cluster galaxies show only a modestly reduced total gas consumption time, indicating that the star formation activity and gas consumption are a highly local (rather than global) phenomenon. Our finding is that the depletion of cold gas by ram-pressure stripping and/or starvation caused by preprocessing in each cluster environment makes galaxies evolve passively.
Mass Transport from the Envelope to the Disk of V346 Nor: A Case Study for the Luminosity Problem in an FUor-type Young Eruptive Star
Authors: Kóspál Á. , Ábrahám P. , Csengeri T. , Fehér O. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Brinch Ch. , Dunham M. M. , Vorobyov E. I. , Salter D. M. , Henning Th.
Published: June 2017

A long-standing open issue of the paradigm of low-mass star formation is the luminosity problem: most protostars are less luminous than theoretically predicted. One possible solution is that the accretion process is episodic. FU Ori-type stars (FUors) are thought to be the visible examples for objects in the high accretion state. FUors are often surrounded by massive envelopes, which replenish the disk material and enable the disk to produce accretion outbursts. However, we have insufficient information on the envelope dynamics in FUors, about where and how mass transfer from the envelope to the disk happens. Here we present ALMA observations of the FUor-type star V346 Nor at 1.3 mm continuum and in different CO rotational lines. We mapped the density and velocity structure of its envelope and analyze the results using channel maps, position–velocity diagrams, and spectro-astrometric methods. We found that V346 Nor is surrounded by gaseous material on a 10,000 au scale in which a prominent outflow cavity is carved. Within the central ∼700 au, the circumstellar matter forms a flattened pseudo-disk where material is infalling with conserved angular momentum. Within ∼350 au, the velocity profile is more consistent with a disk in Keplerian rotation around a central star of

. We determined an infall rate from the envelope onto the disk of

yr−1, a factor of a few higher than the quiescent accretion rate from the disk onto the star, hinting at a mismatch between the infall and accretion rates as the cause of the eruption.
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXVIII. Characterization of the Galactic White Dwarf Population
Authors: Fantin Nicholas J. , Côté Patrick , Hanes David A. , Gwyn S. D. J. , Bianchi Luciana , Ferrarese Laura , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , McConnachie Alan , Starkenburg Else
Published: June 2017

We use three different techniques to identify hundreds of white dwarf (WD) candidates in the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) based on photometry from the NGVS and GUViCS, and proper motions derived from the NGVS and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Photometric distances for these candidates are calculated using theoretical color–absolute magnitude relations, while effective temperatures are measured by fitting their spectral energy distributions. Disk and halo WD candidates are separated using a tangential velocity cut of 200 km s−1 in a reduced proper motion diagram, which leads to a sample of six halo WD candidates. Cooling ages, calculated for an assumed WD mass of 0.6M
⊙, range between 60 Myr and 6 Gyr, although these estimates depend sensitively on the adopted mass. Luminosity functions for the disk and halo subsamples are constructed and compared to previous results from the SDSS and SuperCOSMOS survey. We compute a number density of (2.81 ± 0.52) × 10−3 pc−3 for the disk WD population—consistent with previous measurements. We find (7.85 ± 4.55) × 10−6 pc−3 for the halo, or 0.3% of the disk. Observed stellar counts are also compared to predictions made by the TRILEGAL and Besançon stellar population synthesis models. The comparison suggests that the TRILEGAL model overpredicts the total number of WDs. The WD counts predicted by the Besançon model agree with the observations, although a discrepancy arises when comparing the predicted and observed halo WD populations; the difference is likely due to the WD masses in the adopted model halo.
Starburst-driven Superwinds in Quasar Host Galaxies
Authors: Barthel Peter , Podigachoski Pece , Wilkes Belinda , Haas Martin
Published: June 2017

During the past five decades astronomers have been puzzled by the presence of strong absorption features including metal lines, observed in the optical and ultraviolet spectra of quasars, signaling inflowing and outflowing gas winds with relative velocities up to several thousands of km s−1. In particular, the location of these winds—close to the quasar, further out in its host galaxy, or in its direct environment—and the possible impact on their surroundings have been issues of intense discussion and uncertainty. Using our Herschel Space Observatory data, we report a tendency for this so-called associated metal absorption to occur along with prodigious star formation in the quasar host galaxy, indicating that the two phenomena are likely to be interrelated, that the gas winds likely occur on the kiloparsec scale and would then have a strong impact on the interstellar medium of the galaxy. This correlation moreover would imply that the unusually high cold dust luminosities in these quasars are connected with ongoing star formation. Given that we find no correlation with the AGN strength, the wind feedback that we establish in these radio-loud objects is most likely associated with their host star formation rather than with their black hole accretion.
L’écoféminisme ou comment faire de la politique autrement
Authors: Larrère Catherine
Published: June 2017

Né de la rencontre entre aspirations féministes et luttes écologiques, liant la critique de la domination de la nature et celle de la domination des femmes, refusant de séparer production et reproduction (biologique et sociale), l’écoféminisme se développe en une diversité de mouvements, aux États-Unis, mais également dans différents pays du Sud, qui ont en commun de ne pas mettre la politique au service de la nature, mais de faire de la nature, vue comme une communauté de vie, une politique nouvelle.
Systemic Air Embolism after Percutaneous Lung Biopsy: A Manageable Complication
Authors: Fiore Lucas , Frenk Nathan Elie , Martins Guilherme Lopes Pinheiro , Viana Publio Cesar Cavalcante , Menezes Marcos Roberto de
Published: June 2017

CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is a resourceful and widely used tool to evaluate pulmonary nodules that frequently avoids costly and unnecessary surgeries. Severe complications occur in less than 1% of cases and include gas embolism, which is rarely documented. We report a case of gas embolism after transthoracic biopsies and discuss the pathophysiology and the benefits of early diagnosis and proper management.
Endovascular retrieval of Greenfield IVC filters 13 and 19 years post placement without major complication
Authors: Huang Junjian , Bold Michael , Rajebi Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2017

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters were first introduced in 1967 by Kazi Mobin-Uddin and later improved by Lazar Greenfield in the 1980s becoming a major component of catastrophic pulmonary embolism prevention. Nevertheless, filters are not entirely harmless. The long term risks include caval thrombosis, visceral penetration, and filters can serve as a nidus for infection. Filter retrieval is often complicated by intimal hyperplasia especially with increased indwelling time. Historically, Greenfield filters in place for longer than 3 weeks were considered permanent due to the risks of retrieval. Herein we present 2 cases of successful retrieval of Greenfield filters 13 and 19 years post implantation.
«Quiso Dios» o «acordé y me determiné»: voluntad divina o libre albedrío de Cortés en la Segunda relación
Authors: Gutiérrez Mueller Beatriz
Published: June 2017

En distintas épocas en el mundo cristiano, como la que le tocó vivir a Cortés, se ha registrado una tensión entre la predeterminación de Dios, que obra a través de su Divina Providencia, y la voluntad del hombre: si se tocan o se distancian; si la renuncia de una implica el actuar de otra; si coexisten o se comprometen. Además, la historiografía cristiana hace distinciones en torno al providencialismo, cuando menos, en tres notables autores: Agustín y Paulo Orosio, de un lado y Tomás de Aquino, del otro. El presente trabajo analiza la mezcla de providencialismos empleados por Cortés en su Segunda relación (1520), en donde lo mismo ve señales divinas sobre hechos que presenció, como prevé triunfos futuros o decide por su cuenta. También, cómo se vale, ante su propio desconcierto de lo que no puede explicarse, de la propia retórica para persuadir al rey de España sobre la importancia de contar con su legitimación y financiación de la conquista de México, según se desprende por la fecha en que firmó la carta.
Más maquiaveliano que maquiavélico: La presencia de El príncipe, los Discursos sobre la primera década de Tito Livio y La vida de Castruccio Castracani en El político Don Fernando el Católico de Gracián
Authors: Saralegui Benito Miguel
Published: June 2017

Uno de los objetos más habituales de la bibliografía sobre Gracián consiste en el estudio de la presencia del maquiavelismo en su obra. Ha sido frecuente considerar al jesuita aragonés como un autor proclive al maquiavelismo. Además, en esta extensa bibliografía, se ha privilegiado el estudio general del maquiavelismo frente a la recepción de ideas concretas de Maquiavelo en el corpus de Gracián. En este artículo, quiero estudiar el modo como El político Don Fernando el Católico incluye ideas de El príncipe, los Discursos y La vida de Castruccio Castracani, lo que constituye una completa novedad bibliográfica. Entre otras, las ideas que Gracián comparte con Maquiavelo son las siguientes: la teoría de la ocasión y del riscontro, la división de los políticos entre impulsivos y cautos, el criterio para evaluar las acciones de un político y el modo de escribir una biografía política. De este modo, más que un autor maquiavélico, Gracián aparece retratado como un autor que comparte con el Secretario florentino una gran número de convicciones, muchas de ellas completamente alejadas del Maquiavelo inmoral.
Excitator Germaniae. La recepción de Miguel de Unamuno en la República de Weimar
Authors: Martín Gijón Mario
Published: June 2017

La recepción de Unamuno en Alemania apenas ha sido estudiada. Sin embargo, entre 1924 y 1933, fue uno de los escritores extranjeros que más atención suscitó en este país. Este artículo, basado en el análisis de casi un centenar de publicaciones alemanas, estudia su recepción tanto en la prensa diaria como en todo tipo de revistas, especialmente literarias.
D'une carte inexistante à un empire colonial. La cosmographie de la Renaissance sous la Monarchie espagnole à partir du Padrón Real
Authors: Sánchez Antonio
Published: June 2017

En Espagne, la cosmographie de la Renaissance a développé, tout au long du xvie siècle, de puissants « dispositifs cognitifs » qui nous permettent de raconter autrement l’histoire scientifique de l’expansion. Ces dispositifs proviennent des prétentions impériales d’acquérir des connaissances sur les Nouveaux Mondes. Ces informations étaient nouvelles et massives à tel point qu’il était nécessaire de les organiser. À cette fin, des instruments de collecte et de gestion d’information ont été élaborés qui, aujourd’hui, représentent une source inépuisable de réflexion pour les historiens des sciences. Du point de vue épistémologique, le Padrón Real (carte-modèle royale) ou les Relaciones Geográficas de Indias - entre autres - sont parmi les exemples les plus remarquables. Ici on analysera le Padrón Real de la Casa de la Contratación de Séville – une carte modèle à partir de laquelle on produisait les cartes de la Carrera de Indias (voyage maritime et commercial entre l’Espagne et l’Amérique) – pour mettre en évidence le lieu occupé par la cartographie dans la construction d’un des premiers empires mondiaux de l’Europe moderne. Basé sur l’analyse cartographique d’une série de cartes, cet article montre comment, pendant le xvie siècle, la monarchie espagnole a essayé de construire une carte « impossible » pour conférer une visibilité à leur vaste empire d’outre-mer
La comprensión europea del mundo: Eurocentrismo y ciencia ibérica en el Atlántico del siglo XVI
Authors: Nieto Mauricio
Published: June 2017

This article deals with the history of scientific practices in the 16th century Iberian Atlantic and explains the relation of such practices with the emergence of a Eurocentric world order. The author argues that the idea of comprehension, understood as a form of appropriation and as a process of self-construction, can be helpful to explain the political character of science and its role in the configuration of global empires. The text shows that the scientific and technological practices involved in the European exploration of new seas and lands in the early modern period, allowed the emergence of a new European self-perception as the legitimate world master
On Internet of Things and Big Data in University Courses
Authors: Namiot Dmitry , Sneps-Sneppe Manfred
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the authors discuss Internet of Things educational programs for universities. The authors' final goal is to provide a structure for a new educational course for Internet of Things and related areas such as Machine to Machine communications and Smart Cities. The Internet of Things skills are in high demands nowadays and, of course, Internet of Things models, as well as appropriate Big Data proceedings elements should have a place in the university courses. The purpose of the proposed educational course is to cover information and communication technologies used in Internet of Things systems and related areas, such as Smart Cities. The educational course proposed in this paper aims to introduce students to modern information and communication technologies and create the formation of competencies needed for such areas as Machine to Machine communications, Internet of Things, and Smart Cities. Also, the authors discuss Big Data issues for IoT course and explain the importance of data engineering.
Fabrication and Microstructure Study of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC and B4C Particulates
Authors: Singh Saini Gurpreet , Goyal Sanjeev
Published: June 2017

In the present paper aluminum matrix composites were fabricated using base material AA6082-T6. SiC and B4C particulates were used as reinforcement to obtain hybrid and non-hybrid composites through the conventional stir casting process. AA6082-T6/SiC composites with 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt % of SiC; AA6082-T6/B4C composites with 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt % of B4C and AA6082-T6/(SiC+B4C) hybrid composites with 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt % of (SiC+B4C) taking equal fraction of SiC and B4C were made and the microstructure study was carried out. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revels the presence of reinforcement within the matrix along with some other compounds. The microstructure of the fabricated composites was examined with the help of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the micrographs revealed that the dispersion of reinforced particles was reasonably uniform at all weight percentages.
A new species of Meligethes Stephens from China and additional data on members of the M. chinensis species-complex (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Meligethinae)
Authors: Liu Meike , Huang Min , Cline Andrew Richard , Sabatelli Simone , Audisio Paolo
Published: June 2017

Meligethes (Odontogethes) inexpectatus sp. n. is described from China, Sichuan Province. The new species is based on a female specimen previously incorrectly referred to as Meligethes scrobescens Chen, Lin, Huang & Yang, 2015, which was recently described from a series of male specimens collected in the same area. Both species belong to the taxonomically difficult species-group related to M. chinensis Kirejtshuk, 1979, including a dozen closely related species distributed throughout Nepal and SW and Central China. The true female of Meligethes scrobescens is also described, based on recently collected material from China (Hubei and Chongqing), including a series of male and female specimens. Diagnostic characters distinguishing the new species from all other known members of the M. chinensis species-group and species-complex are discussed, and their overall range distribution are depicted. Additional data on geographic distribution and larval ecology of some of the closely related species are also reported.
The development of a professional development intervention for mathematical problem-solving pedagogy in a localised context
Authors: Chirinda Brantina , Barmby Patrick
Published: June 2017

This article reports on the design and findings of the first iteration of a classroom-based design research project which endeavours to design a professional development intervention for teachers’ mathematical problem-solving pedagogy. The major outcome of this study is the generation of design principles that can be used by other researchers developing a professional development (PD) intervention for mathematical problem-solving pedagogy. This study contributes to the mathematical problem-solving pedagogy and PD body of knowledge by working with teachers in an under-researched environment (an informal settlement in Gauteng, South Africa). In this iteration, two experienced Grade 9 mathematics teachers and their learners at a public secondary school in Gauteng, South Africa, participated in a 6-month intervention. Findings from the data are discussed in light of their implications for the next cycle and other PD studies.
Residents as Mentors: The Development of Resident Mentorship Milestones
Authors: Khan Nickalus R. , Rialon Kristy L. , Buretta Kate J. , Deslauriers Jessica R. , Harwood Jared L. , Jardine Dinchen A.
Published: June 2017

Background 

Mentorship of residents by more senior colleagues has been identified as important for stress management and creating an ideal learning environment.

Objective 

We set out to define the attributes of an ideal resident mentor and explore ways to develop these attributes during residency training.

Methods 

A 28-member, multi-specialty counsel of residents and fellows used 2 phases of a small group exercise. In the first phase, the group developed desirable attributes of resident mentors and explored means of developing these attributes. In the second phase, the group identified trends in the results, and in a second small group exercise with participants at a major national conference, refined these trends into Resident Mentorship Milestones.

Results 

The exercises identified 3 common themes: availability, competence, and support of the mentee. We defined milestones for mentorship in each of these areas.

Conclusions 

The Resident Mentorship Milestones, developed by a national panel of residents, describe 3 key dimensions of mentorship: availability, defined as making time for mentorship; competence for and success in mentoring; and support of the mentee. These milestones may serve as a novel tool to develop and assess successful resident mentorship models.
Ddi Tool: A serious game for the development of competences of graduate and postgraduate students in the Operations Management environment
Authors: Ramirez F. Javier
Published: June 2017

A serious game known as Ddi Tool is presented by the authors to improve the competences on Operations Management of graduate and postgraduate students. The game is applied to the resolution of multistage industrial processes allowing to have a global vision of the manufacturing process and combining the students’ skills on operations management research and learning. The tool allows also to perform an economic evaluation of the whole process by means of the process costs analysis and improving this cost as function of the main process variables and parameters: raw material, workforce, energy consumption, etc. The game has been generated using Java language with a user-friendly interface for a quick comprehension by the student during the practical classroom. In this manner, the tool allows developing competencies to students applying and developing scientific, technological, mathematical, economical and sustainable knowledge.
Socrative: A tool to dinamyze the classroom
Authors: Bello Pintado Alejandro , Merino Diaz de Cerio Javier
Published: June 2017

The introduction of new technologies in teaching is a challenge that teachers in Oprations Management have to deal with. "Socrative" is an application created in 2010 by profesor Amit Maimon, from School of Management and Management of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This tool allows to induce reflections on the meaning of concepts that are exposed in the classroom, requiring some response immediate from the studentes.

We consider that there are many advantages that can be obtained wtih the use of these technologies. It capture the interest of the student, promotes the involvement in a continuous working, favors collaboration in the classroom combating the "scenic fear" and allows to strengthen of knowledge. At the same time, helps to better retain what is explained and forces studentes to make mistakes or succeed, stimulating the debate.

[SOCRATIVE: Una herramienta para dinamizar el aula

La introducción de nuevas tecnologías en la docencia es un reto al que tenemos que hacer frente con urgencia los profesores de cualquier materia y por tanto también los profesores de Dirección de Operaciones.  La idea básica es inducir a la reflexión sobre el significado de los conceptos y propiedades que se exponen en el aula, requiriendo alguna respuesta inmediata“Socrative” es una idea surgida  2010 y fue promovida por Amit Maimon, un profesor asistente en la Escuela de Administración y Dirección de Empresas del Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts (MIT). , nada más ser introducidos.

Consideramos que son muchas las ventajas que se pueden obtener con la utilización de este tipo de recursos: capta el interés del estudiante, le empuja a implicarse de forma continua, favorece la colaboración en el aula combatiendo el “miedo escénico”, permite afianzar el conocimiento paso a paso, ayuda a retener mejor lo explicado, obliga a todos a equivocarse o acertar y fomenta el debate]
Teaching innovation system applied in business management subjects.
Authors: Rosillo Rafael , Miguel Dávila José Ángel , Fernández Robles Carlos , Méndez Redondo Montserrat
Published: June 2017

Inspired by the insights that are used in successful companies, the aim of this project is the use of games as a catalyst for training in different subjects, such as the successful game: Triviados (triviados.org). In order to reach this goal, we have the software of the company Blunder Solitions, SL (http://www.blunder.es). Software that is already used in companies such as Telecable, Nesspreso, Unilever, Pharmadus botanicals.

Traditional lectures do not fix long-term knowledge. Blunder creates a system of learning by mistake.The student answers about 5 questions in one minute and learns by playing. The tool uses the forgetting curve algorithm to fix long-term knowledge. By this way, the final test results improve.

Blunder offers a fun mobile training. We can know which student learns faster, learns more or learns better a particular topic. If a student plays the subject that the teacher has explained in class the level of learning affects to the final evaluation positively.
Assimilating bio-optical glider data during a phytoplankton bloom in the southern Ross Sea
Authors: Kaufman Daniel E. , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Hemmings John C. P. , Smith Jr. Walker O.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Ross Sea is a region characterized by high primary productivity in comparison to other Antarctic coastal regions, and its productivity is marked by considerable variability both spatially (1–50 km) and temporally (days to weeks). This variability presents a challenge for inferring phytoplankton dynamics from observations that are limited in time or space, which is often the case due to logistical limitations of sampling. To better understand the spatiotemporal variability of Ross Sea phytoplankton dynamics and determine how restricted sampling may skew dynamical interpretations, high-resolution bio-optical glider measurements were assimilated into a one-dimensional biogeochemical model adapted for the Ross Sea. Assimilation of glider data using the micro-genetic and local search algorithms in the Marine Model Optimization Testbed improves model-data fit by ~ 50 %, generating rates of integrated primary production of 104 g C m2 y−1 and export at 200 m of 27 g C m−2 y−1. Assimilating glider data from three different latitudinal bands and three different longitudinal bands results in minimal changes to the simulations, improves model-data fit with respect to unassimilated data by ~ 35 %, and confirms that analyzing these glider observations as a time series via a one-dimensional model is reasonable on these scales. Whereas assimilating the full glider data set produces well-constrained simulations, assimilating subsampled glider data at a frequency consistent with cruise-based sampling, results in a wide range of primary production and export estimates. These estimates depend strongly on timing of the assimilated observations, due to the presence of high mesoscale variability in this region. Assimilating surface glider data subsampled at a frequency consistent with available satellite-derived data results in 40 % lower carbon export, primarily resulting from optimized rates generating more slowly sinking diatoms. This analysis highlights the need for strategic consideration of impacts of data frequency, duration, and coverage when combining observations with biogeochemical modeling in regions with strong mesoscale variability.
Source-receptor matrix calculation for deposited mass with
the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART v10.2 in backward mode
Authors: Eckhardt Sabine , Cassiani Massimo , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Sollum Espen , Pisso Ignacio , Stohl Andreas
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Existing Lagrangian particle dispersion models are capable of establishing source-receptor relationships by running either forward or backward in time. For many applications, backward simulations can be computationally more efficient by several orders of magnitude. However, to date, the backward modelling capabilities have been limited to atmospheric concentrations or mixing ratios. In this paper, we extend the backward modelling technique to substances deposited at the Earth's surface by wet scavenging and dry deposition. This facilitates efficient calculation of emission sensitivities for deposition quantities, which opens new application fields such as the comprehensive analysis of measured deposition quantities, or of deposition recorded in snow samples or ice cores. This could also include inverse modelling of emission sources based on such measurements. We have tested the new scheme as implemented in the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART v10.2 by comparing results from forward and backward calculations. We also present an example application for black carbon concentrations recorded in Arctic snow.
Slope–velocity equilibrium and evolution of surface roughness on a stony hillslope
Authors: Nearing Mark A. , Polyakov Viktor O. , Nichols Mary H. , Hernandez Mariano , Li Li , Zhao Ying , Armendariz Gerardo
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Slope–velocity equilibrium is hypothesized as a state that evolves naturally over time due to the interaction between overland flow and surface morphology, wherein steeper areas develop a relative increase in physical and hydraulic roughness such that flow velocity is a unique function of overland flow rate independent of slope gradient. This study tests this hypothesis under controlled conditions. Artificial rainfall was applied to 2 m by 6 m plots at 5, 12, and 20 % slope gradients. A series of simulations were made with two replications for each treatment with measurements of runoff rate, velocity, rock cover, and surface roughness. Velocities measured at the end of each experiment were a unique function of discharge rates, independent of slope gradient or rainfall intensity. Physical surface roughness was greater at steeper slopes. The data clearly showed that there was no unique hydraulic coefficient for a given slope, surface condition, or rainfall rate, with hydraulic roughness greater at steeper slopes and lower intensities. This study supports the hypothesis of slope–velocity equilibrium, implying that use of hydraulic equations, such as Chezy and Manning, in hillslope-scale runoff models is problematic because the coefficients vary with both slope and rainfall intensity.
First Experience on Bilirubin Removal with a Hemoadsorption Column (Lixelle®) in a Child with Cardiogenic Liver Injury
Authors: Bottari Gabriella , Moscatelli Andrea , Verrina Enrico E. , Lerzo Franco , Taccone Fabio S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Hyperbilirubinemia may have deleterious effects on many organs, even after the neonatal age. Blood purification is effective in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Recently some reports suggest the potential role of hemoadsorption columns in this setting.

Methods

We present the case of a 6-year-old child with severe hyperbilirubinemia due to congestive liver dysfunction, complicated by persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS). The patient was treated with a hemoadsorption column (Lixelle®) in combination with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF).

Results

During treatment, a significant and rapid decrease in total bilirubin (TB) and other indices of cholestasis was observed. Furthermore, a progressive reduction in the inflammatory biomarkers (Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein) occurred. These results persisted at the discontinuation of therapy.

Conclusions

To our knowledge this is the first case in which hemoadsorption with the Lixelle® adsorbing column in combination with CVVHDF has been used to manage pediatric hyperbiliribinemia secondary to cardiogenic liver injury.
Discordance in RAS Mutations between Primary Colon Tumor and Metastases: A Real Event or a Matter of Methodology?
Authors: De Stefano Alfonso , Rosanova Mario , Malapelle Umberto , Martini Maurizio , De Falco Stefano , Attademo Laura , Fiore Giovanni , Cenci Tonia , Bellevicine Claudio , De Placido Sabino , Troncone Giancarlo , Carlomagno Chiara
Published: June 2017

Background

Analysis of K- and N-RAS mutations is mandatory before planning treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, because only RAS wild-type (WT) patients can benefit from treatment with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab).

Case report

Here we report the case of a 69-year-old male patient affected by metastatic sigmoid cancer. He underwent left hemicolectomy, and histology diagnosed a well-differentiated, pT4, node-positive adenocarcinoma; KRAS analysis performed with direct sequencing identified a mutation in exon 2 of the KRAS gene (GGT->GTT). After first-line chemotherapy with FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, the patient underwent surgical resection of residual liver metastases. Histology showed metastatic deposits from colic adenocarcinoma with extensive coagulative necrosis. Mutational analysis of the KRAS gene was also performed on liver metastases by pyrosequencing assay, and no mutation was identified. Due to the discordant results (GGT->GTT exon 2 KRAS mutation in the primary tumor, and KRAS-WT in the liver metastases), mutational analysis on liver metastasis was repeated using next-generation sequencing and enriching the sample in tumor cells by manual microdissection; the same type of mutation of the primary tumor (GGT->GTT exon 2 KRAS gene) was confirmed.

Conclusions

Accurate tissue sampling and adequately sensitive assays are essential to correctly identify colorectal cancer patients who can be treated with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody.
Adenomyosis and IVF Outcomes - where we are and where we need to be
Authors: Maheshwari Abha , Bhattacharya Siladitya
Published: June 2017

Better imaging techniques will result in more women who are undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) being diagnosed with adenomyosis. Preliminary data suggest that adenomyosis may have implications for the outcome of IVF. However, available evidence is limited to data from retrospective studies with major inconsistencies in the diagnostic criteria used to confirm adenomyosis. Despite this uncertainty, a number of therapeutic modifications have been suggested to minimize the impact of adenomyosis in women undergoing IVF.

In this brief report, we summarize current limitations in diagnosing adenomyosis and critically evaluate the available evidence on its impact on IVF outcomes. We set out a number of steps needed to generate the evidence to underpin the diagnosis, prognosis and effective treatment so that women undergoing IVF can be adequately counselled.
Management of Endometriomas Prior to IVF
Authors: Maiorana Antonio , Incandela Domenico , Mercurio Antonella , Alio Walter , Giambanco Laura , Alio Luigi
Published: June 2017

Endometriosis causes a decrease in fertility in affected patients. The different forms of the disease, peritoneal, ovarian, deep infiltrating and adenomyosis, are often present in varying degrees in the same patient, either together or individually, and cause infertility through a pathogenesis that is not yet clear. A significant number of women with endometriosis and endometriomas will eventually seek assisted reproductive technology (ART) for conception. The specific impact of endometriomas alone and the impact of surgical intervention for endometriomas on the reproductive outcome of women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) are areas that need further clarification and, for this reason, the management of endometriomas before clinical IVF is a very complex topic.

In order to provide useful information for the clinical management of patients with endometriomas having IVF, in this review we investigated: the impact of the presence of endometriomas, both individually and associated with other types of the disease, on IVF techniques; the possible role of surgery and its possible negative effects; the risks and difficulties related to conservative management during IVF procedures.
Involvement of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotype in Endometriosis-related Infertility
Authors: Bianco Bianca , De Camargo Celeste R. , Christofolini Denise M. , Barbosa Caio P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The IRF5 gene belongs to a family of transcription factors involved in modulating cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. A growing body of evidence indicates that immunological alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and as a result, polymorphisms in autoimmune-related genes have emerged as possible candidates linked to disease development. Here, we aimed to evaluate a possible association between IRF5 polymorphisms (rs2004640/T>G, rs3807306/G>T, rs10488631/T>C and rs2280714/T>C) and the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Methods

A case-control study was performed comprising an experimental group of 236 infertile women with endometriosis and a control group of 232 fertile women. IRF5 polymorphisms were identified by real-time PCR using the TaqMan method. Genotype distribution and allele frequency were calculated, and haplotype analysis was performed.

Results

Single-marker analysis revealed that the IRF5 rs10488631 (polymorphic C allele) polymorphism was significantly associated with moderate/severe endometriosis (p = 0.028; OR = 1.79, 95% IC = 1.09–2.94). No association was found with respect to rs2004640, rs3807306 and rs2280714 polymorphisms and the endometriosis group. The combined genotypes of four IRF5 polymorphisms identified the haplotype “GGTT”, which was associated with protection against minimal/mild endometriosis-related infertility (p = 0.003), while the haplotype “GTCT” was associated with a risk of developing moderate/severe endometriosis-related infertility (p = 0.047).

Conclusions

This is the first study to report an association between IRF5 polymorphisms and endometriosis, and the findings suggest that the IRF5 rs10488631 polymorphism and haplotype “GTCT” were involved in the risk of moderate/severe endometriosis development. The haplotype “GGTT” was associated with protection against minimal/mild endometriosis.