bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibility of Ceylon Tea Waste Conversion to Biochar – a short review
Authors: Perera S.A.T. Himaya , Udayanga W.D. Chanaka
Published: May 2024

A few countries fulfil global tea demand, and Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, is one of the top tea exporters. Tea is Sri Lanka's largest agricultural export, with an annual production of approximately 340 million kg. Consequently, the tea industry generates significant quantities of tea waste. Unfortunately, the Sri Lankan tea industry often ignores proper tea waste management, relying on open dumping and burning, which can harm the environment despite the biodegradable nature of the waste. Among a number of modern waste management methods, pyrolysis is gaining increasing attention as a sustainable waste treatment method as it transforms waste into carbonaceous materials, biofuel and syngas, leaving no waste behind at comparatively lower temperatures (400-600℃). Considering the nature of the Ceylon tea industry, which mainly uses conventional tea production processes, this short review article mainly focused on the effect of tea pyrolysis temperature, derived biochar activation methods, and their uses. Biochar derived from tea waste has demonstrated remarkable utility in various fields. By converting waste into stable carbonaceous materials, it not only mitigates local emissions but also serves as a reliable long-term carbon storage. Moreover, biochar and activated carbon derived from tea waste has proven efficient and cost-effective for removing water, soil, and air contaminants. Industry can obtain financial benefits by introducing derived activated carbon as an adsorbent. These facts highlight the suitability of adopting low-temperature pyrolysis of tea waste and biochar production to the Ceylon tea industry using simple techniques such as double-barrel systems that can be operated with the excess heat produced in boilers.
The Significance of Modern Agreements Between Greece and Egypt as Secondary Readings: the echoes of Herodotus and Thucydides
Authors: Perera C.T.S. Sathsara
Published: May 2024

Greece and Egypt, developed individually in two continents Europe and Africa, respectively, have maintained long beneficial relations since pre-historic times. The earliest evidence of Greek-Egyptian relations was uncovered from Minoan excavations that date back to 3000 BCE. Considering the literary sources available to examine the nature of contacts between Greece and Egypt, the Greek historians Herodotus and Thucydides from the 5th century BCE reveal evidently reliable information on the bilateral agreements that prevailed between the two nations. Historians relate stories on how these two nations significantly relied on times of need during the 5th century BCE war periods. While Egypt was the grain supplier for Greek city-states, specifically Athens, Athenians repaid Egypt by extending their military power to Egypt. Further, as history reveals, both nations maintained strong trade links. Fast-forwarding to modern diplomatic relations, Greece and Egypt have continued their relations with each other up to the 21st century, irrespective of the fact that the cultures of both nations have evolved with many developments and advances. This research paper explores the contemporary importance of the bilateral agreements between Greece and Egypt, drawing parallels with the historical narratives of Herodotus and Thucydides. The paper follows a historical method in analysing the narrative of history and an analytical approach in reading the modern agreements taken under discussion. The paper intends to analyse how modern agreements between these two nations reflect and reminiscence the historical interactions, emphasizing the political, economic, and cultural significance between these powerful nations in the Mediterranean basin. By examining the historical context, the paper aims to shed light on the enduring diplomatic and cultural ties between Greece and Egypt, offering valuable knowledge for international relations in the present and future.
Uncovering the Ancient Cultural Interactions and Ties between Nāgarjunakoṇḍa and Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunawardena N.S.
Published: May 2024

This research focuses into the historical and cultural relations between Nāgarjunakoṇḍa and Sri Lanka during ancient times. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the depth and significance of these cultural interactions, exploring their influence on art, architecture, religion, trade, and language. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive examination of historical records, archaeological findings, and scholarly literature has been conducted. Methodologically, this research relies on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating data from diverse sources to provide a holistic understanding of the ancient ties between Nāgarjunakoṇḍa and Sri Lanka. The research draws from ancient texts, inscriptions, archaeological excavations, and comparative analyses of art and architecture. The key findings of this study reveal that there was a cultural exchange between Nāgarjunakoṇḍa and Sri Lanka. Buddhism played a central role in facilitating these exchanges, leading to the transmission of religious teachings, texts, and artifacts. Architectural styles, artistic motifs, and trade connections were shared, leaving a lasting imprint on both regions. In conclusion, the cultural relations between Nāgarjunakoṇḍa and Sri Lanka during ancient times were profound and enduring. The findings underscore the importance of such historical interactions in shaping the cultural and religious landscapes of both regions. The lessons learned from these ancient ties can inform contemporary intercultural relations and cooperation. This research offers insights into the interconnectedness of societies in the past and highlights the value of preserving and studying our shared cultural heritage.
Factors Associated with Depression among Undergraduates: A Review of Existing Literature
Authors: Perera Madhura , Tham Jacquline , Azam S.M. Ferdous
Published: May 2024

Depression among undergraduate students is a considerable mental health issue. Understanding the factors associated with depression is important to prevent it effectively and to design intervention strategies to mitigate the repercussions of depression. This systematic literature review mainly aims to identify and review the existing academic body of knowledge on the factors associated with depression among undergraduate students in relation to ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. A comprehensive search of ScienceDirect and Scopus databases derived 44 relevant articles published between 2003 and 2023. The review focuses on academic stress, social isolation, financial stress, relationship issues, pre-existing mental health conditions, substance abuse, lack of sleep and fatigue, coping mechanisms, family history and genetics to be factors associated with depression among undergraduates. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of universities and counselling services to focus on and implementing stress management programs, providing social support mechanisms, establishing financial support systems during higher studies, promoting healthy relationships, addressing substance abuse and sleep-related issues, and also providing resources and required support for individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions and family history and genetics on depression to better cope up with depression. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct more longitudinal studies, examine underlying mechanisms, explore mediating and moderating factors while considering cultural and contextual factors, and conduct intervention studies that examine the impact of technology to enhance the understanding of the factors associated with depression among undergraduate students.
A-ITIL, ITIL and Agile Based Advanced Framework for Managing Software and IT Related Bau: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Peliarachchi Amalka , Wijayanayake Janaka
Published: May 2024

In today's rapidly evolving environment, two critical factors for organizations to maintain their competitive edge are speed to market and adaptability. Over the past ten years, a significant number of organizations have achieved success in delivering IT services by utilizing IT management frameworks. One widely adopted framework in this domain is ITIL, an abbreviation for the IT Infrastructure Library. ITIL serves as a guiding framework, facilitating the attainment of high-quality IT service management at an organizational level. When it comes to software development, it is crucial for managers and development teams to select an appropriate methodology that aligns with their project's needs. Agile software development is one prominent approach based on iterative and incremental development. It has gained significant prominence in the IT industry due to its ability to enhance project development processes. Combining ITIL and Agile methodologies has proven to be a valuable strategy for streamlining project development in the IT industry. This fusion results in what is known as the Agile-ITIL combined framework, often referred to as A-ITIL. This paper primarily focuses on the integration of ITIL processes with agile phases, shedding light on the amalgamation of ITIL and Agile with other frameworks and technologies. Furthermore, it examines the utilization of ITIL and Agile in various companies, offering valuable insights into how these methodologies can be applied effectively. Consequently, this publication is a valuable resource for researchers seeking comprehensive knowledge in the ITIL and Agile-related domains. It aims to identify potential avenues for future research and development in this dynamic field.
“From Decomposers to Superheroes”: Unleashing the Hidden Powers of Fungi to Save Our Planet
Authors: Daranagama Dinushani Anupama
Published: May 2024

Fungi, often overlooked but omnipresent, hold remarkable potential to address some of the most pressing environmental challenges facing our planet. This article explores the multifaceted roles of fungi, transcending their conventional image as decomposers, and showcases how they emerge as unsung superheroes in the battle for environmental sustainability. From mycorrhizal symbiosis enhancing plant growth to bioremediation activities cleansing polluted environments, fungi play pivotal roles in diverse ecological processes. This article examines the promising applications of fungi in sustainable agriculture, food production, waste decomposition, and the production of biofuels, highlighting their capacity to revolutionise these fields. Furthermore, the medicinal and biotechnological contributions of fungi are also explored, revealing a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. The role of fungi in the production of various fermented foods and their capacity to combat pests biologically underscore their significance in sustainable food production. Fungi also proves vital in carbon sequestration, erosion control, and soil stabilisation, contributing to global efforts in mitigating climate change and preserving ecosystems. By delving into the world of fungal biodiversity, the paper emphasises the importance of conservation efforts in maintaining ecosystem resilience and preventing the loss of critical ecological functions. This article sheds light on the transformative potential of fungi, urging a paradigm shift in how we perceive and harness these organisms. As our understanding of fungal biology deepens, recognising the vast number of undescribed and unexplored species becomes increasingly important. With their remarkable adaptations and ecological significance, Fungi continue to captivate the scientific community and underscore the need for sustained exploration and conservation efforts in this diverse and understudied kingdom. Recognising fungi as environmental superheroes provides a novel perspective that could inspire innovative solutions for sustainable development and the preservation of our planet's health.
Empowering Language Learners: Unveiling the Transformative Potential of Value-Based Pedagogy in ESL Education
Authors: Wijerathna Shalini , Edama Jennifer , Suraweera Paba
Published: May 2024

This desk research examines how, in an ESL classroom, when combined with standard academic content, value-based pedagogy becomes a comprehensive and transformative approach to education that strongly emphasises instilling essential values and principles in students. Value-based pedagogy strongly emphasises developing students' critical thinking and moral reasoning skills. Moreover, one could not place a division between language and values as one could not explore either in isolation. In value-based pedagogy, students get the ability to make ethically sound decisions and traverse the intricacies of the real world by participating in classroom discussions and ethical issues. This study's methodology is based on a textual analysis of the existing lesson materials designed for undergraduate students and an in-depth reading of published materials in the above-mentioned research area. The study is based on the theoretical works of scholars such as Arjuna Parakrama, Bill Johnston and Paulo Freire. Finally, the findings and the conclusion of this study emphasise the need for value-based pedagogy in an ESL classroom which empowers students to navigate challenges in life. Similarly, this approach urges educators to act as role models and questions established paradigms. The importance of value-based pedagogy in education is highlighted by its capacity to bring about profound transformation in learners, teachers, and society at large.
Therapeutic Potential of Melittin Peptide: Major Pain-Producing Substance of European Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Venom against Several Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Gunathilaka N. , Wimalasiri U. , Wijerathna T.
Published: May 2024

Invertebrates have evolved to produce peptide compounds to ensure success in prey capture and defence against potential enemies. Some of these compounds have become highly potent therapeutic compounds used in medicine. Melittin, a peptide extracted from bee venom, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option that has the potential to obviate the disadvantages of existing therapeutics against several communicable and non-communicable diseases. This article reviews peer-reviewed journal articles to provide a conspectus of current research on the therapeutic uses of melittin. Melittin is predominantly an antimicrobial peptide and shows therapeutic potential against several non-communicable diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases and diabetes. Furthermore, it acts against a range of protozoan parasites that infect humans. The biological activities of melittin are mainly achieved via cytotoxicity and downregulation of certain metabolic pathways. The ability to conjugate with other compounds and nanoparticles to improve the effectiveness is an added advantage in melittin-based therapy. The antiparasitic properties and relatively shorter sequence enable the use of this molecule in biological control methods such as paratransgenesis. This is further facilitated by the ability to express in an inactive form to be activated later. Melittin is a peptide with a broad therapeutic potential. The supplementation of the existing knowledge with studies on effective and specific delivery mechanisms will enable the effective use of this peptide against many communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Artificial Intelligence and Mindfulness: Systematic Literature Review Based on Prisma Method
Authors: Weerakkody Shalini , Rajapaksha Sisitha
Published: May 2024

Isolating oneself from the constant barrage of new technologies and machines in today's fast-paced world can be challenging. Throughout history, people have used the practice of mindfulness to better themselves and find inner calm by focusing on the here and now rather than on the past or the future. However, in recent years, Artificial Intelligence has emerged from the technological revolution, radically altering the landscape of mental health and mindfulness. This conceptual review aims to revisit the prevailing literature on artificial intelligence and mindfulness and explore future research opportunities. A systematic literature review (SLR) with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used to conduct the review. VOSviewer software has been used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis to reveal the areas that need the attention of researchers. Articles have been downloaded from the Scopus database to ensure the quality of the input of this conceptual paper. Future research directions have been provided with respect to the research gaps identified in this effort. Some knowledge gaps, empirical gaps, contextual gaps and methodological gaps have been identified in this research.
Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: From the gastroenterologist’s stand-point
Authors: Triantafillidis John K
Published: May 2024

Treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) represents, in the majority of cases, a real challenge to the gastroenterologist’s abilities and skills as well as a clinical test concerning his/her levels of medical knowledge and experience. During the last two decades, our pharmaceutical arsenal was significantly strengthened, especially after the introduction of the so-called biological agents, drugs which to a large extent not only improved the results of conservative treatment but also changed the natural history of the disease. However, colectomy is still necessary for some patients with severe UC although smaller compared to the past, precisely because of the improvements achieved in the available conservative treatment. Nevertheless, surgeries to treat colon dysplasia and cancer are increasing to some extent. At the same time, satisfactory improvements in surgical techniques, the pre-and post-operative care of patients, as well as the selection of the appropriate time for performing the surgery have been noticed. Regarding patients with CD, the improvement of conservative treatment did not significantly change the need for surgical treatment since two-thirds of patients need to undergo surgery at some point in the course of their disease. On the other hand, the outcome of the operation has improved through good preoperative care as well as the wide application of more conservative surgical techniques aimed at keeping as much of the bowel in situ as possible. This article discusses the indications for surgical management of UC patients from the gastroenterologist’s point of view, the results of the emerging new techniques such as transanal surgery and robotics, as well as alternative operations to the classic ileo-anal-pouch anastomosis. The author also discusses the basic principles of surgical management of patients with CD based on the results of the relevant literature. The self-evident is emphasized, that is, to achieve an excellent therapeutic result in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease in today’s era; the close cooperation of gastroenterologists with surgeons, pathologists, imaging, and nutritionists is of paramount importance.
Clinical feasibility of laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection with magnetic anchor technique: The first clinical study from China
Authors: Zhang Miao-Miao , Bai Ji-Gang , Zhang Dong , Tao Jie , Geng Zhi-Min , Li Zhuo-Qun , Ren Yu-Xiang , Zhang Yu-Han , Lyu Yi , Yan Xiao-Peng
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Magnetic anchor technique (MAT) has been applied in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy, but has not been reported in laparoscopic partial hepatectomy.

AIM

To evaluate the feasibility of the MAT in laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of eight patients who underwent laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection assisted by MAT in our department from July 2020 to November 2021. The Y-Z magnetic anchor devices (Y-Z MADs) was independently designed and developed by the author of this paper, which consists of the anchor magnet and magnetic grasping apparatus. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative accidents, operator experience, postoperative incision pain score, postoperative complications, and other indicators were evaluated and analyzed.

RESULTS

All eight patients underwent a MAT-assisted laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection, including three patients undertaking conventional 5-port and five patients having a transumbilical single-port operation. The mean operation time was 138 ± 34.32 min (range 95-185 min) and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 123 ± 88.60 mL (range 20-300 mL). No adverse events occurred during the operation. The Y-Z MADs showed good workability and maneuverability in both tissue and organ exposure. In particular, the operators did not experience either a “chopstick” or “sword-fight” effect in the single-port laparoscopic operation.

CONCLUSION

The results show that the MAT is safe and feasible for laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection, especially, exhibits its unique abettance for transumbilical single-port laparoscopic left lateral segment liver resection.
Establishment of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula using a modified magnetic compression technique in rabbits and its postmodeling evaluation
Authors: Meng Han , Nan Fu-Yao , Kou Na , Hong Qin-Yan , Lv Ming-Sheng , Li Ju-Bo , Zhang Bao-Jie , Zou Hang , Li Lei , Wang Hong-Wu
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have validated the efficacy of both magnetic compression and surgical techniques in creating rabbit tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) models. Magnetic compression achieves a 100% success rate but requires more time, while surgery, though less frequently successful, offers rapid model establishment and technical maturity in larger animal models.

AIM

To determine the optimal approach for rabbit disease modeling and refine the process.

METHODS

TEF models were created in 12 rabbits using both the modified magnetic compression technique and surgery. Comparisons of the time to model establishment, success rate, food and water intake, weight changes, activity levels, bronchoscopy findings, white blood cell counts, and biopsies were performed. In response to the failures encountered during modified magnetic compression modeling, we increased the sample size to 15 rabbit models and assessed the repeatability and stability of the models, comparing them with the original magnetic compression technique.

RESULTS

The modified magnetic compression technique achieved a 66.7% success rate, whereas the success rate of the surgery technique was 33.3%. Surviving surgical rabbits might not meet subsequent experimental requirements due to TEF-related inflammation. In the modified magnetic compression group, one rabbit died, possibly due to magnet corrosion, and another died from tracheal magnet obstruction. Similar events occurred during the second round of modified magnetic compression modeling, with one rabbit possibly succumbing to aggravated lung infection. The operation time of the first round of modified magnetic compression was 3.2 ± 0.6 min, which was significantly reduced to 2.1 ± 0.4 min in the second round, compared to both the first round and that of the original technique.

CONCLUSION

The modified magnetic compression technique exhibits lower stress responses, a simple procedure, a high success rate, and lower modeling costs, making it a more appropriate choice for constructing TEF models in rabbits.
Metastatic stomach lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report
Authors: Chen Guo-Feng , Wang Jun , Yan Yu , Xu Song , Chen Jian
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare type of non-small-cell lung cancer. Stomach lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) metastasis secondary to PLELC has not been reported recently.

CASE SUMMARY

A 64-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for a regular gastroscopy examination with a 6-year history of surgical resection for left PLELC. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography suggested high accumulation of 18F-fludeoxyglucose in the gastric cardia region. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed a large mass at the stomach fundus. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the biopsy suggested metastatic stomach LELC. Proximal gastrectomy showed that this 6.5 cm × 5.0 cm mass was located in the stomach fundus near the cardia. Histopathological examination showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma with prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. IHC demonstrated that the tumor was positive for CK (AE1/AE3), p63, p40, p53, Ki-67 (70%), and EGFR (3+) and negative for CK7, CK20, Her2, and CD10. In situ hybridization analysis showed positive staining Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. Tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression score was 98%, and the combined positive score was 100, with no evidence of microsatellite instability. Thus, the patient was unequivocally diagnosed with metastatic stomach LELC secondary to pulmonary LELC. After discharge, this patient underwent PD-1 inhibitor treatment (toripalimab, 240 mg) every 3 wk for ten cycles, and she has had no tumor recurrence.

CONCLUSION

For gastric LELC metastasis, PD-1 inhibitor therapy could become a new therapeutic approach, though there is still no evidence from large data sets to support this.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the common hepatic duct coexisting with distal cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Chen Fei , Li Wei-Wei , Mo Juan-Fen , Chen Min-Jie , Wang Su-Hang , Yang Shu-Ying , Song Zheng-Wei
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the extrahepatic bile duct is very rare, and the treatment and prognosis are unclear. Herein, we report the case of a middle-aged female with primary large cell NEC (LCNEC) of the common hepatic duct combined with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA). Additionally, after a review of the relevant literature, we summarize and compare mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) and pure NEC to provide a reference for selecting the appropriate treatment and predicting the prognosis of this rare disease.

CASE SUMMARY

A 62-year-old female presented to the hospital due to recurrent abdominal pain for 2 months. Physical examination showed mild tenderness in the upper abdomen and a positive Courvoisier sign. Blood tests showed elevated liver transaminase and carbohydrate antigen 199 levels. Imaging examination revealed a 1-cm tumour in the middle and lower segments of the common bile duct. Pancreaticoduodenectomy + lymph node dissection was performed, and hepatic duct tumours were unexpectedly found during surgery. Pathology suggested poorly differentiated LCNEC (approximately 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.4 cm), Ki-67 (50%), synaptophysin+, and chromogranin A+. dCCA pathology suggested moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient eventually developed lymph node metastasis in the liver, bone, peritoneum, and abdominal cavity and died 24 months after surgery. Gene sequencing methods were used to compare gene mutations in the two primary bile duct tumours.

CONCLUSION

The prognosis of MiNEN and pure NEC alone is different, and the selection of treatment options needs to be differentiated.
Hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes promotes bone regeneration by inhibiting inflammatory responses and angiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Lu Chuan , Zheng Sheng , Hong Guang
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Bone healing is a complex process involving early inflammatory immune regulation, angiogenesis, osteogenic differentiation, and biomineralization. Fracture repair poses challenges for orthopedic surgeons, necessitating the search for efficient healing methods.

AIM

To investigate the underlying mechanism by which hydrogel-loaded exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) facilitate the process of fracture healing.

METHODS

Hydrogels and loaded BMSC-derived exosome (BMSC-exo) gels were characterized to validate their properties. In vitro evaluations were conducted to assess the impact of hydrogels on various stages of the healing process. Hydrogels could recruit macrophages and inhibit inflammatory responses, enhance of human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis, and promote the osteogenic differentiation of primary cranial osteoblasts. Furthermore, the effect of hydrogel on fracture healing was confirmed using a mouse fracture model.

RESULTS

The hydrogel effectively attenuated the inflammatory response during the initial repair stage and subsequently facilitated vascular migration, promoted the formation of large vessels, and enabled functional vascularization during bone repair. These effects were further validated in fracture models.

CONCLUSION

We successfully fabricated a hydrogel loaded with BMSC-exo that modulates macrophage polarization and angiogenesis to influence bone regeneration.
Prevalence of malaria and infant mortality in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Taiga Usio Uchechi , Adofu Ilemona , Ugwuoke Okwudili Walter
Published: May 2024

This study adopts a descriptive survey research design with a quantitative approach to examine the impact of malaria prevalence on infant mortality in selected local government areas across all three senatorial districts of Kogi State, Nigeria. The study covers Lokoja and Ajaokuta LGAs from the Central district, Omala, Igalamela-Odolu, Ibaji, and Bassa LGAs from the East district, and Kabba/Bunu LGA from the West district. These local government areas were selected based on their proneness to flooding and the presence of rivers nearby. Utilising a randomly selected population, data was collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using Binary Logistic Regression. While the results indicate a positive relationship between malaria prevalence and infant mortality, the statistical significance is not established. The study underscores the financial and economic burden associated with malaria treatment, transportation, and prevention, suggesting the need for a comprehensive approach to public health challenges. Policy recommendations include improving healthcare accessibility, promoting awareness campaigns, implementing targeted subsidies for antimalarial medications, and enhancing public transportation services to facilitate easier access to medical facilities.
People performance measures and commitment of academic staff in Nigeria Universities
Authors: Ujebe Nome , Ogbonnia Chukwu-etu , Nwafor Michael Ezaka
Published: May 2024

People performance measure is critical for appraisal purpose to ensure sustainable commitment. The indices of performance are investigated to ascertain the extent of relationship to their commitment. The approach to people performance measure in our Universities affect commitment of people at individual and team levels and tend to reduce overall institutional performance. The study used survey research design. The primary data gathered through questionnaire were analysed using correlation. Based on the analysis, the findings revealed that people performance measures have significant positive effect on employee commitment among academic staff of Nigerian Universities. It is therefore recommended that task performance measure, contextual and adaptive performance measures be emphasised in appraising performance of academics in our Universities. This will imply a review of the academic appraisal policy to include more indices of the people’s performance particularly in the areas of contextual, adaptive and task performance measures in order to achieve greater commitment and promote institutional achievements
Effect of risk management on the performance of civil servants in Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Ude Adaora Margret , Ezeodili Walter
Published: May 2024

The study examined the effect of Risk Management on the performance of civil servants in Enugu State. The study used the descriptive survey design approach. The primary source of data was the administration of questionnaire. The population of the study was six hundred and twenty (620) staff from various ministries in the State Secretariat, Enugu, Enugu state. The sample size of 290, was used using Freund and William's statistic formula at 5 percent margin of error. 286 staff returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. Data were presented and analyzed using Likert Scale and the hypotheses was tested using Z- test. The findings indicated that, Risk identification had significant positive effect on the output, Z( 95, n = 286), 6.120 < 8.840,P. < .05. Risk monitoring had significant positive effect on the cost reduction, Z( 95, n = 286), 4.376 < 6.682,P. < .05 and Risk reporting had significant positive effect on the efficiency of civil servants in Enugu State, , Z( 95, n = 286), 6.268 < 8.249,P. < .05. The study concluded that Risk identification, Risk monitoring and Risk reporting had significant positive effect on the output, cost reduction and efficiency of civil servants in Enugu State. The study recommended among others that the management should identify potentially hazardous working conditions and practices to avoid damage to the organisations property or injury to personnel. Pre-empting risks can help the workers to comply with rules and regulations, which can lead to better and higher work production.
Grand challenge of insecurity and Leadership: Humanizing Leadership to enhance security in divided Nigeria nation state.
Authors: Ademola Emmanuel Oluniyi , Ogu Ogechukwu Amina
Published: May 2024

The past few years has become synonymous with grand challenge of insecurity in Nigeria, impacting negatively on individuals’ emotion, the national economy, social collectivity, peace and security. Having been impacted by the militant agitation on her oil resource exploration in the Niger Delta region; the emerged and occurrence of attacks by the Boko Haram insurgents, herders’ farmers conflicts, bandit attacks, secessionist crusade and hardship economic protests have made threat her national security. While government have adopted different policies to address the incessant conflicts, much of these are found to be counterproductive. The arrest and re-arrest of secessionists leaders like; Kanu, IPOB leader, and Ighoho who champions demand for Yoruba nation are reference in points. This paper carries out exploratory survey of the occurrence of insecurity as differently experienced in Nigeria from northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest. The article argues that, insensitivity to public opinions, high level of public distrust and bad leadership has brought Nigerians to the point of no return. It suggests that for Nigerians to build confidence on their leaders and institutions; Nigerian leaders must take to their responsibilities, seek more for inclusive social policies, and stand out for equity. Since humanizing approach emphasizes the relational and co-constitutive aspects of leadership; solving grand challenge of insecurity in Nigeria, requires a sense of leadership responsibility, coordinated efforts, pragmatic collaborations with the stakeholders while commune with their environment.
Sources, management, and challenges of funding Nigeria’s Universities in a volatile economy and the implications for sustainable development
Authors: Olarinde E. Smaranda
Published: May 2024

No abstract
Protecting the patient’s data in the 21st century healthcare industry: Is the African continent ready for the digital space?
Authors: Maduekwe Nkiruka Chidia
Published: May 2024

To ensure proper healthcare services and automation, including minimising medical errors and providing faster and more efficient healthcare, the medical field is experiencing innovative technological trends. They include automated patient records, hospital management system software, telemedicine, and the use of artificial intelligence devices. These innovations exist in more than just the global north, as they are slowly finding residence in African countries. Focusing on automated patient record, the article examines existing data protection legal frameworks in Africa to ascertain whether they provide effective remedy mechanisms patients can access should a breach occur. Taking cognisance of the current African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA) aimed at creating a single market for goods and services; it is evident that healthcare services might have a continental approach. Thus, the article adopts a continental, regional, and national perspective. Using doctrinal method, the article compares the African Union Data Protection Convention with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation to draw lessons from the European Union Experience. The article finds that strengthened national mechanisms might provide the requisite remedy mechanisms patients can access to ensure enforcement of their rights to data protection.
Understanding emerging schools of social work in Tanzania through the Ubuntu perspective
Authors: Lembuka Meinrad H.
Published: May 2024

The article presents a comprehensive assessment of the emerging social work schools in Tanzania through the Ubuntu perspective. Ubuntu formed the basis of educational pedagogy in pre-colonial Tanzania but colonial rule imported Western social work approaches in the 1940s to replace it. The challenges include fragmented training with an influence of inherited colonial structure, outdated curricula, training materials that do not replicate African ecology and cultural values, indigenization of training, and lack of indigenous inputs even as graduates do not fit into the global market. Despite the challenges, emerging social work training schools have rendered several opportunities including social work research and consultancy, the emergence of indigenization of social work, abundance of social work indigenous elites and literature, TESWEP transformed into ASSWOT that advocated and participated in social welfare policies review that contain more African requirements. The paper recommends that key stakeholders should develop a comprehensive social work policy and related legislation to control the quality of training and practice for realization of Ubuntu goals. Also, Ujamaa competence should be restored in the training package while TASWO, and ASSWOT should address the gap between educators and practitioners while speeding up the indigenization of social work education with Ubuntu values.
Perceptions of death and preparations for afterlife among older adults: The role of social workers in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Temilola Olusegun M.
Published: May 2024

This paper explores death and afterlife beliefs on human existence, focusing on the human awareness of mortality and the role of religion in providing explanations for the afterlife. It delves into the perceptions of death and preparations for the afterlife among older adults in the Kosofe local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Emphasis on the involvement of social workers in supporting them through this existential process was brought to the fore. The study aims to understand the interplay of cultural, religious, and social factors that shape the perspectives of older adults regarding death and their preparations for the afterlife. It also seeks to identify the challenges encountered by them. This paper is anchored on the strength of Kübler-Ross's stages of grief theory. The qualitative research approach employed in this study provides a nuanced understanding of the participants' experiences. Findings show that adherence to religious doctrines is a key preparatory strategy for the afterlife. The study contributes to a deeper comprehension of how beliefs about death and the afterlife shape the experiences of older adults, offering insights for social work practice in supporting them through this life transition.
The Coloniality of Global Health and Africa’s Epistemic Dependence on The West in the Covid-19 era: Need for Decolonization of Knowledge
Authors: Marcel Jachin Anyiam
Published: May 2024

The coloniality of global health and its corresponding impact on the future of Africa has become a subject of intense debate among researchers and scholars alike. Africa’s epistemic dependence on the West during outbreak of any pandemic, especially in the Covid-19  era clearly describes the place of Africa in the global health politics. This study therefore examines the dangers associated with Africa’s  acceptance of epistemic rejection by the West. The study poses the following questions: Does the coloniality of the global health by the West account for the Africa’s inefficiency in providing solutions to global health challenges?. To what extent does the epistemic  dependence of Africa on the West inhibit African researchers from providing solutions to the global pandemics such as Covid-19? The  methodology adopted in this study is the qualitative method. Findings of the study shows that there is a strong relationship between  Africa’s epistemic dependence on the West and the Africa’s predicament in the face of any global pandemic as well as other global health  challenges. The study recommends inter alia that if Africa is to be relevant in the global health politics, Africans must put up a  nonviolent and intellectual struggle until decolonization of knowleedge is achieved.
Unveiling obstacles and Possibilities for Gender Equality in Governance Structures in Tanzania
Authors: Genda Elizabeth Lulu
Published: May 2024

Tanzania has made stride in enhancing women’s political representation through initiatives such as gender quotas and reserved seats in parliament. However, the translation of representation into substantive participation and influence remains a challenge. The paper employs and adopts a survey design with a descriptive approach, utilizing questionnaire for data collection. The collected data from 230  civil servants underwent descriptive analysis. The findings shed light on various challenges including limited representation,  discriminatory legal frameworks, sociocultural barriers, restricted access to resources, institutional biases, violence/harassment, lack of  gendersensitive policies, underrepresentation in leadership, and inadequate support systems. These challenges collectively underscore  the barriers to gender equality in Tanzanian governance structures. The paper concludes that while Tanzania has witnessed advancement  in women’s political representation, there are persistent challenges impeding substantive gender equality in governance  structures. The paper recommends the following: implement gender –sensitive policies, enact legal reforms to remove barriers,  strengthen women’s empowerment programs, conduct education and awareness campaigns, undertake institutional reforms to address  biases, and foster supportive leadership to create an inclusive and equitable governance environment that enables women to actively  participate in decision making process and contribute to positive governance outcomes.
Ischaemic strokes and myocardial infarctions in a young male cannabis user
Authors: Culling Annabelle , Hakim Eluzai , Pearce Oliver , Dharmasiri Michelle
Published: May 2024

Ischaemic cerebral infarctions are seen in young people but, under the age of 30, multiple bilateral infarcts are uncommon; genetic pre-disposition and co-morbidities often underlie them. There is growing awareness of the potential impact of modifiable risk factors, such as cannabis, for those experiencing stroke and other cardiovascular events. A case of a 29-year-old man is de­scribed who presented with sudden onset occipital headache and right eye vision loss. Computerised axial tomographic scanning (CT) of the brain dem­onstrated multifocal bilateral areas of low attenuation. A brain magnetic reso­nance imaging (MRI), confirmed bilateral acute cerebral infarctions. In view of a significant elevation in troponin levels at a previous admission, cardiac via­bility magnetic resonance imaging (cvMRI) was carried out and demonstrated acute infarction affecting the left ventricular apex and multiple smaller infarcts elsewhere within the myocardium. On this occasion he did not complain of chest pain. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ischaemic changes. The patient denied a family history of ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia, but admitted to daily use of can­nabis and cigarette smoking. We considered the regular use of cannabis as a possible aetiology in the development of multi-territory cerebral and myocar­dial infarcts, previous myopericarditis and left ventricular dysfunction
A haemopneumothorax revealing thoracic endometriosis
Authors: Ghebouli Khalil , Haddam Abdelnacer , Djender Amar , Kecir Mohammed Amine , Belbekri Mehdi , Merouani Sedik , Amrane Houda , Bendjoudi Kenza
Published: May 2024

Thoracic endometriosis is a rare disease but its actual frequency may be underestimated. Optimal management remains controversial. A multidisciplinary management approach, including surgery and hormone therapy, seems to give the best results and reduces recurrence. We report a case of a patient presenting with recurrent haemopneumothorax caused by thoracic endometriosis and treated surgically by video thoracoscopy and hormonal treatment.
A giant primary ovarian fibrosarcoma in a South Sudanese patient
Authors: Rial Isaac , Vasilli Lifteri George , Sube Kenneth , Anthony Suni , Lukudu Stephen , Tongun Justin , Lako Joseph
Published: May 2024

Ovarian fibrosarcomas account for less than 1% of all ovarian malignancies. Clinical diagnosis is extremely difficult. A 20-year-old, illiterate, married nulliparous woman presented to our Outpatient Department Clinic (OPD) with chronic abdominal distension. Ultrasound and CT scan revealed a very large intra-abdominal mass, 23.8x27.8x35.7cm. She underwent a laparotomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy with her uterus and right adenexum conserved. After surgery, the mass weighed 11.1kg and measured 43x38x35cm. Histological findings were in line with a giant primary ovarian fibrosarcoma. To date, as far as we are aware, this is the largest ever recorded primary ovarian fibrosarcoma.
Endoscopically diagnosed hookworm infestation in an adult with chronic iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Abdirahman Mohamed Mukhtar , Baruhanga Emmanuel , Muhumuza Andrew , Wagubi Robert , Atwine Raymond , Tumuhimbise Christine , Tusiime Florence , Tuhumwire Caleb , Lumori Boniface Amanee Elias
Published: May 2024

Despite advances in hookworm control and prevention campaigns, the prevalence remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Iron deficiency anaemia is a major complication in those with prolonged infection, a high hookworm burden, and undernutrition, though most infected people are asymptomatic. While infected patients are commonly diagnosed by the presence of ova or cysts in the stool, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is required for those with negative stool tests and chronic iron deficiency anaemia. A 48-year-old female with symptoms of anaemia for nearly two years presented to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital with worsening palpitations, easy fatigability, and dizziness over a period of one month. She was given blood transfusions on two occasions. She lives near the lake where she also gets water for drinking and domestic use. We advise GI endoscopy for all patients with chronic iron deficiency anaemia of unexplained aetiology on standard non-invasive testing. Hookworm’s mass empirical treatment policy in endemic areas should be further emphasised.