bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspek Permodalan Koperasi
Authors: Azizah Fithri
Published: April 2022

Koperasi dalam melaksanakan aktivitas usaha dan sebagai Badan Usaha sangat ditentukan terhadap besar kecilnya modal yang digunakan. Sejak munculnya UU Koperasi no. 79 Tahun 1958, no. 12 Tahun 1967 dan sekarang UU Perkoperasian no.25 Tahun 1992 simpanan koperasi adalah merupakan modal. Kalangan masyarakatawam pengertian modal koperasi dipersamakan dengan simpanan, sedangkan simpanan koperasi hanya meliputi Simpanan Pokok dan Simpanan Wajib. Sebelum UU seperti tersebut di atas yaitu UU tahun 1915, 1927, 1933 dan 1949 tidak mengatur tentang permodalan koperasi dan bidang usaha lainnya, namun hanya mengatur masalah pengertian dan identitas koperasi, aspek kelembagaan, dan pengesahan oleh pemerintah. Sedangkan aspek usaha atau bila koperasi menjalankan aktivitas usaha mempedomani hukum sipil yang berlaku pada saat itu. Maka dengan demikian istilah yang digunakan untuk modal koperasi adalah andil atau saham, sama dengan yang digunakan oleh perusahaan pada umumnya. Ada yang berpandangan bahwa istilah simpanan merupakan ciri khas koperasi Indonesia. Akan tetapi kekhasan tersebut tidak akan ada gunanya jika tidak memiliki keunggulan dibanding yang lain. Namun justru sebaliknya kekhasan bisa menempatkan koperasi menjadi eksklusif yang susah berkompetisi atau bahkan tersisih dalam kancah dunia usaha. Tidak ada bahwa rumusan ICA CooperativeIdentity Statement ( ICIS ; 1995 ) menempatkan koperasi dalam posisi eksklusif. Koperasi harus berani tampil dalam lingkungan dunia usaha memperjuangkan ekonomi anggota yang berdampingan dengan dunia usaha lainnya. Baru mulai tahun1992 ditegaskan bahwa perbedaan pengertian status modal koperasi, yaitu modal sendiri dengan modal pinjaman.
MAKALAH PRINSIP PRINSIP MANAJEMEN DALAM AL QURAN DAN HADIS
Authors: Taha Muh. Ridwan
Published: April 2022

Manajemen yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an yakni merenungkan atau memandang kedepan suatu urusan (persoalan), agar perkara itu terpuji dan baik akibatnya, maka hal ini, menderivasikan akan adanya prinsip-prinsip manajemen yang meliputi: pertama, keadilan. Kedua, amanah dan pertanggungjawaban. Ketiga, komunikatif. Prinsip pertama dan kedua berangkat dari klasifikasi pertama yakni lafaz tadbir yang berhadapan dengan lafaz al-amru.
Manajemen Koperasi
Authors: yuniarti ervie
Published: April 2022

Koperasi merupakan organisasi otonom dari orang-orang yang berhimpun budaya secara bersama-sama melalui kegiatan usaha yang dimiliki dan dikendalikan secara demokratis. Melalui koperasi ini masyarakat bisa memulai usaha dengan cara meminjam modal ke koperasi yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat tersebut. Peranan koperasi dalam kehidupan perekonomian yang penuh persaingan diharapkan akan semakin meningkat. Dengan berkembangnya kegiatan usaha koperasi, tuntutan agar pengelolaan dilaksanakan secara profesional semakin besar. Hal ini memerlukan adanya sistem pertanggungjawaban yang baik serta informasi yang relevan dan dapat diandalkan guna pengambilan keputusan, perencanaan maupun pengendalian koperasi.
KONSEP DAN TEORI UANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Rafli Muh.
Published: April 2022

Dalam ekonomi islam, secara etimologi uang berasal dari kata naqdu-nuqud. Pengertiannya ada beberapa makna, yaitu al-naqdu berarti yang baik dari dirham, menggenggam dirham, membedakan dirham, dan al-aqd juga berarti tunai. Kata uang (nuqud) tidak terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an maupun hadis Nabi Saw. karena bangsa Arab umumnya tidak menggunakan kata nuqud untuk menunjukkan harga. Mereka menggunakan kata dinar untuk menunjukkan mata uang yang terbuat dari emas, kata dirham untuk menunjukkan alat tukar yang terbuat dari perak. Mereka juga menggunakan kata wariq untuk menunjukkan dirham perak, kata ‘ain untuk menunjukkan dinar emas. Sedangkan kata fulus (uang tembaga) alat tukar tambahan yang digunakan untuk membeli barang-barang murah.
Pendidikan sejarah dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: hasyim Muhazir rahman
Published: April 2022

Quran (Al-Quran) bukanlah buku sejarah. Faktanya adalah itu memberi tahu pembaca tentang peristiwa kronologis dalam sebuah cerita atau rangkaian sejarah. Artikel tersebut menjelaskan tentang pandangan Al-Qur'an tentang sejarah dan menjelaskan tentang masalah-masalah sejarah dalam pandangan Al-Qur'an. Faktor moral memiliki porsi khusus dalam Alquran. Faktor ini dapat melanggengkan bangsa yang sedang hancur. Diterima oleh para ulama (ulama‟) bahwa faktor moral memberikan implikasi langsung dalam kehidupan praktis sehari-hari, sebagai parameter kepribadian, dan sebagai perilaku manusia dalam suatu bangsa atau masyarakat. Sejarah-sejarah yang diwahyukan Al-Qur'an adalah 'living history' dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang melibatkan pembaca untuk berdialog dan berdialog.
Economic history of Vietnam
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: April 2022

In 2001 the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) approved a 10-year economic plan that enhanced the role of the private sector while reaffirming the primacy of the state sector in the economy. In 2003 the private sector accounted for more than one-quarter of all industrial output.
MENGANALISIS PASAR DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN / NASABAH
Authors: Maharani Whenny Amelya
Published: April 2022

Perilaku Konsumen adalah perilaku konsumen yang ditunjukan melalui pencairan, pembelian,penggunaan,pengevaluasian, dan penentuan produk atau jasa yang mereka harapkan dapat memuaskan kebutuhan mereka. Memahai perilaku konsumen penting sekali bagi pengusaha, pemasar, maupun biro iklan. Pemahamamn mengenai begaimana dan mengapa konsumen melakukan keputusan pembeliannya akan dapat membantu pasar untuk membuat keputusan–keputusan yang tepat dalam menentukan strategi pemasarannya.Kata Kunci : Pemasaran, konsumen, perilaku konsumen
Informasi Al-qur’an tentang panca indera manusia
Authors: Moh.Efendi
Published: April 2022

AbstrakKajian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka mengenai beragam literatur yang dihasilkan oleh beberapa filsuf muslim, fuqohā, serta sufi. Semua aliran tersebut tidak memodifikasi konsepsi dasar mengenai panca indera, melainkan mengembangkan dan menjelaskan ulang konsepsi panca indera tersebut berbasiskan wahyu al-Qur’an. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa tradisi keilmuan Islam mengafirmasi panca indera sebagai salah satu sarana manusia‘mengetahui’. Secara khusus, potensi tersebut merupakan pemberian dari Allah kepada manusia guna meningkatkan kapasitasnya dalam memahami tanda-tanda (āyat) (kekuasaan) Allah. Yang mana, tanda-tanda tersebut membahwa manusia untuk memahami bahwa realitas fisik di dunia ini adalah salah satu aspek dari Kekuasaan-Nya. Lebih jauh lagi, pemahaman tersebut meningkat menjadi ilmu yang benar; yang akan dipertanggungjawabkan di hari akhir nanti.
Music and language: Milestones of development
Authors: Brandt Anthony , Gebrian Molly , Slevc L. Robert
Published: April 2022

The human brain continues to mature throughout childhood, making our species particularly susceptible to experience. Given the diversity of music and language around the globe, how these are acquired during childhood is revealing about the feedback loop between our biological predispositions and exposure. Evidence suggests that children begin as generalists and become specialists, with music and language deeply entangled in infancy and modularity emerging over time. In addition, development proceeds along parallel tracks, with comparable cognitive milestones. Although there is a tendency to celebrate our precociousness, it may be that we should really extol the slow and protected aspects of development: our unfledged entry into the world affords us the extended time necessary to internalize these products of culture. The present chapter begins by exploring the variety of music and languages around the world. It then tracks developmental milestones from birth throughout childhood, examines linked developmental disorders, and closes with a discussion of open questions and future directions.
Compassion Questionnaires: Supplementary Material
Authors: Khoury Bassam , Vergara Rodrigo Clemente , Spinelli Christina
Published: April 2022

revious compassion measures have included mindfulness in their conceptualizations and do not fully operationalize the cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal dimensions of compassion. The proposed Compassion Questionnaires towards Self (CQS) and Others (CQO) aim to operationalize the proposed notion of “embodied and embedded compassion” by grounding it into affective, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal dimensions with each representing a set of skills that can be cultivated through training and practice. The CQS and CQO items were developed through consultations with a panel of eight graduate students and a group of ten experts in the field. Results from a series of three studies suggested the merging of the affective and cognitive dimension, yielding three independent dimensions for both the CQS and CQO. These findings were additionally supported by convergent and discriminant evidence. In addition, results suggested that CQS and CQO subscales’ scores are moderately associated with mindfulness measures and are sensitive to mindfulness training or meditation practice and experience. Limitations as well as theoretical and practical implications of the CQS and CQO are thoroughly discussed.
Revisiting the effects of configuration, predictability, and relevance on visual detection during interocular suppression
Authors: Moyal Roy , Bhamani Conrad , Edelman Shimon
Published: April 2022

Statistical regularities and predictions can influence the earliest stages of visual processing. Studies examining their effects on detection, however, have yielded inconsistent results. In continuous flash suppression (CFS), where a static image projected to one eye is suppressed by a dynamic image presented to the other, the predictability of the signal may facilitate or delay detection. To identify the factors that differentiate these outcomes and dissociate the effects of expectation from those of behavioral relevance, we conducted three CFS experiments that addressed confounds related to the use of reaction time measures and complex images. In experiment 1, orientation recognition performance and visibility rates increased when a suppressed line segment completed a partial shape surrounding the CFS patch, demonstrating that valid configuration cues facilitate detection. In Experiment 2, however, predictive cues marginally affected visibility rates and did not modulate localization performance, challenging existing findings. In experiment 3, a relevance manipulation was introduced; participants pressed a key when they detected lines of a particular orientation and ignored the other possible orientation. Visibility and localization were enhanced for relevant orientations. Predictive cues modulated visibility rates, orientation recognition sensitivity, and response latencies, but not localization—an objective measure sensitive to partial breakthrough. Thus, while a consistent surround can strongly enhance detection during passive observation, predictive cueing primarily affects post-detection factors—such as response readiness and recognition confidence—by introducing invalid cue interference. Relevance and predictability did not interact, suggesting that the contributions of these two processes to detection are mostly orthogonal.
The role of perceived discrimination in linking religious practices and well-being: A study among Muslim Afghan refugees in the Netherlands
Authors: Bender Michael , van Osch Yvette , jamis.he  , Güngör Derya , Eldja Azim
Published: April 2022

Minorities facing adverse intergroup contact can experience both increased identification with their ethnic group and decreased identification with a host majority group. First, we argue it is important to understand what is associated with adversity, particularly in previously overlooked samples. Muslim refugee samples are often treated differently and experience more adversity than other immigrants. Second, we combine insights on the role of religiosity in acculturation with the observation that religiosity may not have positive effects in societies that do not value (a specific) religion (religiosity-as-social-value hypothesis) as well as insights from rejection (dis)identification models, to understand which domains of being a Muslim are associated with discrimination, (dis-)identification, and well-being. We hypothesized that Muslim religious practices, but not beliefs, coping, or values, are associated with increased perceived discrimination, and suggest that this is because practices are highly visible. Data from Muslim Afghan refugees in the Netherlands (N = 183) revealed that indeed only religious practices were related positively to perceived discrimination. Perceived discrimination in turn mediated the relationship between religious practices and dis-identification with the majority group, as well as the relationship between religious practices and well-being. We suggest that the visibility of one’s religious behavior is relevant for acculturation outcomes.
Evidence for a universal association of auditory roughness with musical dissonance
Authors: Milne Andrew J , Smit Eline Adrianne , Sarvasy Hannah , Dean Roger
Published: April 2022

We provide evidence that the roughness of chords – a psychoacoustic property resulting from unresolved frequency components – is associated with perceived dissonance (operationalized as stability) in participants with differing levels and types of exposure to Western or Western-like music. Three groups of participants were tested in a remote cloud forest region of Papua New Guinea (PNG), and two groups in Sydney, Australia (musicians and non-musicians). We find a negative relationship between roughness and musical stability in every group including the PNG community with minimal experience of musical harmony. The effect of roughness is stronger for the Sydney participants, particularly musicians. We find an effect of harmonicity – a psychoacoustic property resulting from chords having a spectral structure resembling a single pitched tone (such as produced by human vowel sounds) – only in the Sydney musician group, which indicates this feature’s effect is medi- ated via a culture-dependent mechanism. In sum, these results underline the importance of both universal and cultural mechanisms in music cognition, and they suggest powerful implications for understanding the origin of pitch structures in Western tonal music as well as on possibilities for new musical forms that align with humans’ perceptual and cognitive biases.
How do multiple sources of unconscious-information processing affect a single conscious response?
Authors: Wang Dingding , Yan Jiuhong , Li Jun , Jou Jerwen , Jiang Jun , Qiujiang  , Tu Shen
Published: April 2022

At present there is little knowledge on how multiple pieces of unconscious information influence a single conscious response. For example, it is unclear whether the multiple pieces of unconscious information can independently affect the same response simultaneously. In the present study, we manipulated the congruency relation between a masked arrow in the prime and the arrow in the target, as well as that between masked flankers and the target arrow. The results demonstrated that the masked prime and flankers produced independent unconscious priming effects on the response to the target. We proposed an “independent unconscious influence hypothesis” for the phenomenon. This hypothesis was integrated into a more comprehensive unconscious information processing model. In the process of studying the above problem, two secondary findings were made. First, the flanker congruency effect was smaller when the flankers were displayed simultaneously with target than when they were displayed before the target. This suggested that priming stimulation required enough time to be processed to a sufficient extent to produce an unconscious priming effect. Second, the attention to the prime and its conscious mask was found to reduce the flanker congruency effect, whose possible causes were discussed. These results were replicated across between-subjects and within-subjects designs.
The Timing of Parental Unemployment, Insurance, and Children's Education
Authors: Mari Gabriele , Keizer Renske , van Gaalen Ruben
Published: April 2022

The timing of parental unemployment can impact children’s educational transitions. Previous research has mostly examined transitions to higher education, proxying timing in relation to children’s age and often focusing on selective populations. We study unemployment’s intergenerational effects at multiple stages of the educational career, and define timing relative to important crossroads within and across school years for a broader population of children. Further, we build on suggestive patterns in prior studies and test if and how parental unemployment’s effects vary depending on the availability, level, and combination of private insurance (parental wealth) and public insurance (unemployment benefits). We rely on Dutch administrative data on cohorts of students born between 1992 and 1998 and observed around the time of the Great Recession. With a negative-control design, we find that paternal unemployment in 6th grade decreases children’s chances of enrolling in the general and academic secondary-school tracks, but only in families with lower wealth. Effects are moderate and partly flow from lower performance in a high-stakes test in 6th grade. These effects are reduced when households receive larger unemployment benefit amounts, particularly above median values. In addition, paternal unemployment in 6th grade has long-term negative effects on postsecondary enrolment for children with lower relative wealth. Differently, we do not find evidence of timing effects for spells of paternal unemployment occurring around high-school graduation, nor when examining the timing of maternal unemployment. These findings can inform remedial interventions aimed at mitigating the negative effects of disruptive events on children’s education.
The fight against disinformation and its consequences: Measuring the impact of “Russia state-affiliated media” on Twitter
Authors: Aguerri Jesús , Santisteban Mario , Miró-Llinares Fernando
Published: April 2022

On February 28th, shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Twitter announced the expansion of its labelling policy for “Russia state-affiliated media”, in order to address disinformation in favour of the Russian government. While this ‘soft’ approach does not include the removal of content, it entails issues for the freedom of expression and information. This article addresses the consequences of this labelling policy for the range and impact of accounts labelled “Russia state-affiliated media” during the Ukrainian war. Using an iterative detection method, a total of 90 accounts of both media outlets and individual journalists with this label were identified. The analysis of these accounts’ information and timeline, as well as the comparison of the impact of their tweets before and after February 28th with an ARIMA model, has revealed that this policy, despite its limited scope, lead to a significant reduction in the impact of the sampled tweets. These results provide empirical evidence to guide critical reflection on this content moderation policy.
Identity economics and the disadvantage effect on graduate retention in cities: using regression to analyse the intersection of gender, ethnicity, and geography
Authors: Brophy Sean
Published: April 2022

Graduate retention is key to the economic success of university cities, but non-migration often comes with costs to individuals in the form of forgoing the migration premium. There is increasing recognition that intersectionality – whereby people identify with more than one social category – means that (dis)advantage is a multidimensional concept. This paper explores the retention of 10,140 UK graduates from four universities in Greater Manchester for the 2017/18 year cohort. The main finding is compelling evidence for a disadvantage effect on the retention of local graduates, whereby markers of disadvantage predict retention when controlling for other variables and when considering the interaction of gender, ethnicity, and geography, an effect that is particularly strong for minority female graduates. Evidence is also presented for an advantage effect on the retention of non-locals, which is particularly strong for white graduates. This paper makes a theoretical contribution by using identity economics to explain that graduates who embody multidimensional markers of disadvantage may opt-out of the financially beneficial behaviour of migration based on identity-based utility. The method used for modelling intersectionality in this paper may prove useful to other researchers interested in analysing graduate retention patterns elsewhere in the world. These findings challenge the notion that graduate retention is an unalloyed good, suggesting that policymakers should consider that social (dis)advantage may be a main driver of retention figures in cities.
Comparing Methods for Estimating Demographics in Racially Polarized Voting Analyses
Authors: Decter-Frain Ari , Sachdeva Pratik , Collingwood Loren , Burke Juandalyn , Murayama Hikari , Barreto Matt , Henderson Scott , Wood Spencer A , Zingher Joshua
Published: April 2022

We consider the cascading effects of researcher decisions throughout the process of quantifying racially polarized voting (RPV). We contrast two methods of estimating precinct racial composition, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) and Citizen Voting Age Population (CVAP), and two algorithms for performing EI, King’s EI and EI:RxC. Using data from two different elections we identify circumstances in which different combinations of methods produce divergent results, comparing against ground-truth data where available. We first find that BISG outperforms CVAP at estimating racial composition when precincts are sufficiently homogeneous. Next, in a statewide election, we find that all combinations of methods yield similar results. However, county-level analyses and results from a non-partisan school board election reveal that BISG and CVAP produce divergent estimates of Black preferences in elections with low-turnout and few precincts. Our results suggest that methodological choices can meaningfully alter conclusions about RPV, particularly in smaller, low-turnout elections.
Vaccination as personal public-good provision
Authors: Reddinger J. Lucas , Charness Gary , Levine David
Published: April 2022

Vaccination against infectious diseases has both private and public benefits. We study whether social preferences—concerns for the well-being of other people—are associated with one's decision regarding vaccination. We measure these social preferences for 549 online subjects with a public-good game and an altruism game. To the extent that one gets vaccinated out of concern for the health of others, contribution in the public-good game is analogous to an individual's decision to obtain vaccination, while our altruism game provides a different measure of altruism, equity, and efficiency concerns. We proxy vaccine demand with how quickly a representative individual voluntarily took the initial vaccination for COVID-19 (after the vaccine was widely available). We collect COVID-19 vaccination history separately from the games to avoid experimenter-demand effects. We find a strong result: Contribution in the public-good game is associated with greater demand to voluntarily receive a first dose, and thus also to vaccinate earlier. Compared to a subject who contributes nothing, one who contributes the maximum ($4) is 58% more likely to obtain a first dose voluntarily in the four-month period that we study (April through August 2021). In short, people who are more pro-social are more likely to take a voluntary COVID-19 vaccination. Behavior in our altruism game does not predict vaccination. We recommend further research on the use of pro-social preferences to help motivate individuals to vaccinate for other transmissible diseases, such as the flu and HPV.
Converting One-Way Streets to Two-Way Streets to Improve Transportation Network Efficiency and Reduce Vehicle Distance Traveled
Authors: Boeing Geoff , Riggs William
Published: April 2022

Planning scholars have identified economic, safety, and social benefits of converting one-way streets to two-way. Less is known about how conversions could impact vehicular distances traveled—of growing relevance in an era of fleet automation, electrification, and ride-hailing. We simulate such a conversion in San Francisco, California. We find that its current street network’s average intra-city trip is about 1.7% longer than it would be with all two-way streets, corresponding to 27 million kilometers of annual surplus travel. As transportation technologies evolve, planners must consider different facets of network efficiency to align local policy and street design with sustainability and other societal goals.
Country of birth and country of residence influences on self-reported health: a British analysis using individual-level data
Authors: Norman Paul
Published: April 2022

Mitchell (2005: 308) asks “whether we can compare self-reported measures of illness between countries and cultures”. Perhaps there is something about being English, Scottish or Welsh that influences the way in which people answer a question about their health. Alternatively, there may be something about being born in or living in England, Scotland or Wales which affects the population’s health. Here we explore the influences of country of birth and country of residence on the self-reporting of health in Britain. We investigate, for example, the health of the population in Wales by comparing those born in Wales with those born elsewhere. Similarly, we consider whether those who are Welsh born report their health differently when they are resident in another country. Mitchell (2005: 308) also asks how the self-reporting of illness can be tracked “over time when cultures, expectations, and awareness of health are all in a state of flux”, so our analyses are based on Census data for both 1991 and 2001.
EXPLORING SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND MENTAL HEALTH DIFFERENCES AMONG CONSTRUCTED MALE VICTIM SEVERITY PROFILES.
Authors: Depraetere Joke , Beken Tom Vander , Keygnaert Ines , Vandeviver Christophe
Published: April 2022

Background. Stigmas and taboos surrounding male sexual violence, stating that men cannot be sexually victimized and would not experience many adverse effect as a result, continue to shroud the issue of male sexual victimization (SV). Male victims, therefore, remain under recognized in research, policy and treatment provisions. Furthermore, knowledge regarding male SV is severely compromised by studying male victims in convenience samples with a focus on hands-on forms of sexual violence. Finally, severity of SV is often described using a one-dimensional approach based on presumed severity leading to an oversimplified image. This study addresses these various gaps in scientific research by constructing severity profiles of male SV based on self-reported consequences, prevalence and co-occurrence of SV.Methods. A total of 1,078 male victims were selected from a Belgian nationally representative sample collected between October 2019 and January 2021. Profiles are constructed using latent class analysis. Socio-demographic differences across the profiles are examined through multinomial regression analysis. Finally, differences in current mental health problems across the profiles are assessed. Results. Four distinct male victim profiles are detected: (1) low severity – low victimization (58.3%), (2) medium severity – hands-off victimization (21.4%), (3) medium severity – poly-victimization (13.3%), and (4) high severity – poly-victimization(7.0%). Group comparisons show how male victims in the high severity class report significantly higher rates of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and suicide and/or self-harm. Significant differences in class membership were found for age, occupational status, relationship status, sexual orientation and financial status. Conclusion. This study provides new insights in the patterns of male SV and highlights the presence of poly-victimization among male victims. Additionally, we point out how so-called minor forms of SV (i.e. hands-off SV) can have a large effect on male victims. The study ends with suggestions for care and future research.
A Discussion of Current Crime Forecasting Indices and an Improvement to the Prediction Efficiency Index for Applications
Authors: White Veronica , Hunt Joel , Green Brannon
Published: April 2022

Hot-spot maps regularly aid many policing resource allocation decisions in today’s data-driven age. However, it is unclear what forecasting algorithm(s) should be used to create these maps. To address this gap, we must be able to assess how “good” a generated hot-spot map is. Currently, four main metrics are used for evaluation: the prediction accuracy index (PAI), the recapture rate index (RRI), the prediction efficiency index (PEI), and the prediction efficiency index* (PEI*). This article discusses PAI, RRI, and PEI’s strengths and weaknesses, articulates and justifies PEI*, and demonstrates the differences in calculations and interpretations of each metric. We argue that PEI* measures the efficiency of a crime forecasting algorithm while being operationally realistic and should be used in conjunction with other appropriate measures.
The Black Pete Debate and Second-class Citizenship within Dutch Public Discourse
Authors: Jong Thandi Soko-de
Published: April 2022

Black Pete (Zwarte Piet) is a blackface character at the center of the Dutch celebration of Sinterklaas (Saint Nicholas). The character has become an increasingly polarizing figure during the last few years in the Dutch public space. Those who oppose the figure argue that it promotes racial inequality and is an offensive reminder of an unjust past that exploited Black people through slavery and colonization. Meanwhile, those who defend the image maintain that the character bears no racial connotations but is an important part of a long-held, popular holiday celebrated by Dutch citizens, the majority of whom do not view themselves as racist. The fallout from the debate has seen an increase in incidents targeting Dutch citizens of African ancestry, particularly in the weeks preceding Sinterklaas celebrations. Incidents range from children being taunted as Black Pete to activists being humiliated with Black Pete caricatures. Finding a middle ground that recognizes both tradition and justice remains elusive as the debate reveals how some popular traditions can be instrumental for fueling discrimination against citizens based on ancestry. Notable in these debates is the emergence, and recent official abolishment, of two competing narratives on being Dutch: the autochtoon (of ethnic Dutch heritage) and the allochtoon (of foreign birth/foreign heritage). This paper argues against such polarizing narratives and instead advocates for justice and inclusivity in traditional practices that influence division. A positive option is a re-imagination of Pete that (a) critically interrogates how he is racially defined and depicted; and (b) deals away with the negative racial connotations associated with him. A re-imagined Pete potentially offers a powerful message that tradition can be upheld without denying justice to minority members of society.
The Undergraduate RA: Benefits and Challenges for Sociology Faculty and Research Assistants
Authors: King Molly M. , Imai Megan
Published: April 2022

Published in Teaching Sociology. || The undergraduate research assistantship is key in the professionalization of future sociologists. Our study is the first in the social sciences to document benefits and challenges from both faculty and student perspectives. By interviewing 13 undergraduate research assistants (RAs) and 10 faculty in sociology departments at Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs), we outline the benefits and challenges of faculty-directed research with undergraduates. We find that students develop practical research, project management, and interpersonal skills while learning about career interests and developing relationships with mentors. RA challenges include repetitive tasks and time management. Faculty benefited from assistance with their work, the opportunity to mentor, and pedagogical feedback. Faculty challenges included communication, undergraduate turnover, and institutional barriers. Comparing these benefits and challenges with the goals and motives of both RAs and faculty, we suggest recommendations for departments and institutions interested in increasing undergraduate engagement in research.
Linking the health of older people in places with labour market outcomes for all: does it matter how we measure health?
Authors: Murray Emily T , Head Jenny , Shelton Nicola , Beach Brian , Norman Paul
Published: April 2022

BackgroundInequalities between different areas in the UK according to health and employment outcomes are well-documented. Yet it is unclear which health indicator is most closely linked to labour market outcomes, and whether associations are restricted to the older population.MethodsWe used the ONS Longitudinal Study (LS) to analyse which measures of health-in-a-place were cross-sectionally associated with three employment outcomes in 2011: not being in paid work, working hours (part-time, full-time), and economic inactivity (unemployed, retired, sick/disabled, other). Nine health indicators from local-authority census and vital records data were chosen to represent the older working age population (50-74y) and linked with LS data. Interactions by gender and age category (16-49y vs 50-74y) were tested.FindingsFor all health-in-a-place measures, LS members aged 16-74 who resided in the tertile of local authorities with the ‘unhealthiest’ older population, had higher odds of not being in paid work, including all four types of economic inactivity. The strongest associations were seen for the health-in-a-place measures that were self-reported, long-term illness and self-rated health (SRH) (OR 1·60 [95% CI 1·52–1·67/8]). Within each measure, associations were slightly stronger for men than women and for the 16-49y versus 50-74y LS sample. In models adjusted for individual SRH and gender and age category interactions, health-in-a-place gradients were apparent across all economic inactivity’s. However, these same gradients were only apparent for women in part-time work and men in full-time work.InterpretationImproving health of older populations may lead to wider economic benefits for all.FundingHealth Foundation
The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the COVID-19 first wave
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , codagnone cristiano , Folkvord F. , Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco
Published: April 2022

In this study, we estimate the effect of a negative labour market shock on individuals’ levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We use a dataset collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, on a representative sample of citizens from Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, interviewed on three occasions. We measure stress, anxiety and depression and labour shocks using validated scales. Our research design is a standard differences-in-differences model: we leverage the differential timing of shocks to identify the impact on mental health. In our estimations, a negative labour shock increases the measure of stress, anxiety, and depression by 16% of a standard deviation computed from the baseline. [This paper has been accepted for publication in Economia Politica. The final version has gone through peer-reviewed and presents significant differences from this one.]
Can AI governance be progressive? Group interests, group privacy and abnormal justice
Authors: Taylor Linnet
Published: April 2022

The evolution of big data into a policy tool came with pre-big-data assumptions about privacy and data reuse. In the 2010s this model broke down irretrievably as big data became a tool for intervening on the public on a mass scale. This chapter traces the ensuing institutional responses, in both the public and private sectors, of self-regulation through guidelines and notions of 'responsible data' and shows how they break down when faced with the politics of inclusion and exclusion, and with questions of downstream impacts on sustainability and other structural questions of justice. I argue that Fraser's lens of 'abnormal justice' presents a more useful lens than responsibility in relation to technologies of automation, as it demands understanding of the self-defined interests of affected groups. Integrating these concerns into AI governance requires an approach based on Mouffe's notion of agonistic pluralism in order to can take into account different views of what AI may, and should, do in the world.
Financial stressors and subsequent health and wellbeing of individuals experiencing economic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative interview study
Authors: May Tom , Aughterson Henry , Fancourt Daisy , Burton Alexandra
Published: April 2022

AimsThere are concerns that the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including employment inactivity and job loss, will have consequences for the population's wellbeing. However, there is limited qualitative research into how financial hardship contributes to poor health outcomes in this context. This study aimed to explore factors affecting financial hardship and subsequent impacts for wellbeing during the pandemic.MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews with 20 people experiencing financial hardship and six service providers employed in social welfare support services. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree main sources of financial stress were identified by participants: reductions in household incomes, increased living costs, and increased financial borrowing, which engendered emotional and physical burdens. ConclusionOur findings underline the importance of measures attending to the immediate needs of individuals, including accessible, co-located financial and psychological services, as well as broader measures that seek to reduce social and economic inequalities.
Facets of Journalistic Skills. Demand for traditional, digital, and tech skills in news professionals
Authors: Kustermann Anna , Ulm Vivien , Weyland Jelka , Le Duc Hai , Klinger Philine , Kaiser Greta , Pelizaeus Leopold , Freudenhammer Jonas , Betz Lara , Nguyen Angela , Haber Mara , Kirchner Tabea , Deichsler Friederike , Deupmann Jonathan , Schultz Annika , Lolovski Hristo , Schaetz Nadja , Laugwitz Laura , Lischka Juliane A.
Published: April 2022

The field of journalism has always had many facets: from entertainment to information, from politics to fashion, and from hyperlocal to global affairs. With digitization, the profession finds itself in new working situations and requirements. Journalists are expected to feed the news engine 24/7, to thrive on social media, and to represent the fourth estate while working under everlasting time pressure. News organizations have increasingly hired computing-savvy staff for their news- rooms, such as developers, designers, and audience analysts. As journalism enters the age of automation, it will stay in constant transformation. This adventure can only succeed with great people.As young journalists about to start our own careers, we conducted this study to understand the facets of journalistic skills in the digital age.This report sheds light on contemporary professional skills and competences relevant in newsrooms and their supporting divisions. We set out to grasp the changing profession with its long-standing tradition as a multi-faceted, skill-related vocation. We collected and analyzed 527 job ads of 17 incumbent broadcast legacy, print legacy and online-only news outlets in the US, UK, and Germany over three months in the summer and fall of 2021. About 1.5 years into the pandemic, the data collection period covers a critical phase of reconfiguring practices, “when news work routines demanded coordination among a diverse set of journalists and techno- logists” (García-Avilés, 2021, p. 1255). Our report presents an overview of skill demand, skill profiles, and working conditions of major news organizations in large media markets. It provides insights into employability for people who want to work in journalism and it offers implications for journalism educators that train those who will shape the future of journalism.
A new computation method of minimum dwell time for the global asymptotic stability of switched linear differential systems
Authors: Duman Ahmet
Published: April 2022

In this paper, switched linear systems are considered and dwell and average dwell time for their global asymptotic stability is examined. Dwell and average dwell time are determined based on the condition number for the global asymptotic stability of switched linear differential systems. Numerical examples which show the effect of the results obtained are given with the new dwell and average dwell times.
Soliton solutions for Fokas-Lenells equation by (G’/G)-expansion method
Authors: Eslami Mostafa
Published: April 2022

In this paper we investigate the Fokas-Lenells (FL)   equation via the -expansion method. To convert this nonlinear model into ODEs, we utilize an intelligible wave transformation. The solutions show that considered method fit well for Fokas-Lenells equation with complex structure. The achieved soliton solutions will give stretch study for this model and all related phenomena’s. With the view of the results, new improvements can happen for applications of the model.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE THROUGH COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT) APPROACH FOR ECONOMICS EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Saputra Ajah , Mariani Husna
Published: April 2022

The goal of this research is to create a Communicative Language Teaching based module for Economic Education Department Students of STKIP Muhammadiyah Sampit. The research was carried out in an R&D manner. The data was gathered using questionnaires and documents. The participant of this research was First semester students of Economic Education of STKIP Muhammadiyah Sampit. The researcher Yalden’s model when creating the module that are needs analysis, development, validation and revision, testing, and final revision. A thematic analysis of the qualitative data was performed. According to the findings of the need analysis stage, students need a module to help them mastering English for Economic Education. As a consequence of analysis, the researcher will design and build the materials. The researcher must validate the product before it can be made available to end customers. Finally, the study's findings demonstrate that the modul provided to Economic Education students at STKIP Muhammadiyah Sampit meets their educational needs.
English Language Imperative Level in Indonesia
Authors: Nur Dedi Rahman , Jamilah Jamilah
Published: April 2022

In general, a language is a tool for communication that every people use, and as we know there are many languages especially in Indonesia. It is a regional or local language that people use for their daily activities with their family or with their local people, Indonesian language is an official language that people use on, the daily activities in formal places or with work partners. Indonesia's government has already made some regular or policy to manage language use also the regulation about English as a foreign language. But the use of the English language is not optimal especially in the world of education even though English has become the lingua franca in the world. For such a stance, the writer has no goal to blame any culture nor suggests that English culture is not meant to be learned. The writer concerns more with the idea that in learning English, the culture of learners is more urgent than English culture since the use of English is around peer communication. The awareness of English as an International language and as a language of science is responded with mandatory English teaching in Junior High school to the varsity level. However, with the status as a foreign language, English is occasionally used outside the classroom. Even during the class, instead of speaking English, the Indonesian students tend to speak in Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language) or their local language. For that, the writer gives some proposed solutions after analyzing some literature, The writer used the Systematic Literature Review framework from (Okoli, 2015) to perform this review of the literature
ENHANCING THE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ENGLISH COURSE MATERIAL WITH PASSIVE VOICE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF THE WINDOW-SHOPPING LEARNING MODEL
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati
Published: April 2022

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of English Subject Subjects with Passive Voice by applying the Window-shopping learning model to class IX E students of SMP Negeri 5 Banjarmasin Odd Semesters in the 2021/2022 Academic Year. It was in two cycles: planning and implementing the action, observing (observation), and reflection. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation and then analyzed descriptively by percentage. The results showed an increase in English learning outcomes for passive voice in Class IXE students at SMP Negeri 5 Banjarmasin through the window-shopping learning model. It can be seen from the increase in student learning outcomes from the pre-cycle, first, and second cycles. Its average value in the pre-cycle was 63.4, increased to 68.3 in the first cycle, and increased again in the second cycle to 74.
La fatigue du sujet algique : de la trace d’un appauvrissement de l’être à un pare-désinvestissement
Authors: Sallet A.
Published: April 2022

La fatigue est un symptôme qui appartient au registre de l’ordinaire et qui résiste à une définition unifiée et unifiante. La fatigue a plusieurs visages et plusieurs étiologies et ne peut gagner qu’à être étudiée dans une situation singulière. L’article propose l’analyse d’un cas de mélancolie dont l’expression de la plainte est rivée dans une oscillation entre douleur et fatigue. Cela nous conduit à voir dans la fatigue la trace laissée par un retrait de soi à des fins défensives contre l’effondrement identitaire que risque de provoquer la douleur. Nous en analysons les maillons intermédiaires et envisageons les transformations possibles du côté d’une conjuration du processus de désinvestissement de soi.
Coordinated Distributed Voltage Control Methods for Standalone Microgrids
Authors: Ali Awatef K. , Mahmoud MagdiSadek Mostafa
Published: April 2022

A microgrid is a small-scale power grid comprising distributed generators (DGs), distributed storage systems, and loads. It will lose contribution from the main grid if it shifts to islanded mode due to pre-planned or unforeseen disturbances. To restore the terminal voltages of all the distributed generators to the reference value, this paper presents three coordinated secondary control strategies. First, motivated by the synchronization control theory of multiagent systems, a distributed control technique is developed where each of the DGs is considered an agent and they exchange information via a communication network. second, a two-level control technique is designed in which a global controller is employed to monitor the overall performance of the DGs by transmitting corrective signals to the local controllers of the agents. In this technique, all the communication is between the global controller and the local controllers without any direct communication between the agents. Third, decentralized control is provided in which each DG is separately controlled by its local controller that operates based on the local feedback measurements. Simulations are carried out on an islanded microgrid consisting of four DGs to illustrate our design approach.