bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced airborne eDNA sampling allows robust spatiotemporal characterisation of vertebrate communities
Authors: Bodawatta Kasun , Madsen Agnete , Holman Luke , Rasmussen Jacob , Johnson Matthew , Frøslev Tobias , Lynggaard Christina , Bohmann Kristine
Published: February 2025

Effective biodiversity survey methods are crucial for monitoring ecosystems threatened by climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic pressures. Here we advance methods for the collection of a novel source of biodiversity data - airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) - and investigate whether it yields habitat- and season-specific signatures of terrestrial vertebrate communities. Using portable and low budget samplers, we sampled airborne eDNA in three protected nature areas across Denmark and show that air filters with a large surface area and the widest range of particle retention sizes yield detections of higher numbers of vertebrate taxa and show higher community homogeneity across samples. Further, we show that increased airflow rate and dry storage of filters − 20°C yield detections of more diverse and consistent vertebrate communities. Overall, we demonstrate that airborne eDNA yields robust detections of spatio-temporal dynamics across terrestrial vertebrate classes, which can be adapted by conservation programs to monitor terrestrial biodiversity across the globe.
Targeting pH Regulation in Cancer: Combined Mild Alkalosis and NHE1 Inhibition as a Potential Therapy for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Celi Ana Beatriz , Mechali Ana , Beltramone Natalia , Casal Juan José , Capurro Claudia , Giusto Gisela Di , Ford Paula , Rivarola Valeria
Published: February 2025

Acid-base homeostasis is critical for maintaining physiological functions. In cancer, an acidic tumor microenvironment, driven by altered cellular metabolism, plays a pivotal role in tumor progression by fostering aggressive phenotypes, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy, often at the detriment of surrounding normal tissues. The Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a key regulator of intracellular pH and a critical factor in cancer cell survival and proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mild alkalosis, combined with NHE1 inhibition, on cell viability in normal renal cells and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. Our findings reveal that this therapeutic combination selectively induces cell death in ccRCC cells while sparing normal renal cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NHE1 activity is higher in ccRCC cells than in normal cells. Mild alkalosis enhances NHE1 activity in normal cells but inhibits its activity in cancer cells. Furthermore, prolonged alkaline exposure alters the subcellular localization of NHE1 in the plasma membrane, with distinct patterns observed between normal and cancer cells. These results suggest that targeting NHE1 activity in conjunction with alkalosis represents a promising strategy for ccRCC treatment, providing a potential therapeutic avenue to exploit the differential pH regulation between cancerous and normal cells.
Higher-matter and Landau-Ginzburg theory of higher-group symmetries
Authors: Liu Ruizhi , Luo Ran , Wang Yi-Nan
Published: February 2025

Higher-matter is defined by higher-representation of a symmetry algebra, such as the pp-form symmetries, higher-group symmetries or higher-categorical symmetries. In this paper, we focus on the cases of higher-group symmetries, which are formulated in terms of the strictification of weak higher-groups. We systematically investigate higher-matter charged under 2-group symmetries, defined by automorphism 2-representations. Furthermore, we construct a Lagrangian formulation of such higher-matter fields coupled to 2-group gauge fields in the path space of the spacetime manifold. We interpret such model as the Landau-Ginzburg theory for 2-group symmetries, and discuss the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of 2-group symmetries under this framework. Examples of discrete and continuous 2-groups are discussed. Interestingly, we find that a non-split 2-group symmetry can admit an SSB to a split 2-group symmetry, where the Postnikov class is trivialized. We also briefly discuss the strictification of weak 3-groups, weak 3-group gauge fields and 3-representations in special cases.
Divulgación científica y desarrollo social: un máximo ético de la academia
Authors: Jaramillo Arroyave Daniel
Published: February 2025

Breve reflexión inicialEl cierre de la Revista CES Medicina nos lleva a múltiples reflexiones, no obstante, la que quiero desarrollar en este escrito se relaciona con las formas de comunicar ciencia con las que convivimos en la actualidad. Las necesidades impuestas por los indicadores de gestión han modificado la manera en la cual navegamos en la vida profesional: rinde (a veces a cualquier costo) o fallece.
En el campo de las revistas científicas, los estándares internacionales, que han sido construidos a partir de publicaciones que en su mayoría no tienen como casa editorial a las universidades, se adoptan en países como el nuestro buscando “alcanzar” referentes globales que “visibilicen” la producción científica local. Decisión equivocada.
An Explainable AI Application (AF’fective) to Support Monitoring of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation: Qualitative Focus Group, Design Session, and Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: She Wan Jou , Siriaraya Panote , Iwakoshi Hibiki , Kuwahara Noriaki , Senoo Keitaro
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

The opaque nature of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has led to distrust in medical contexts, particularly in the treatment and monitoring of atrial fibrillation. Although previous studies in explainable AI have demonstrated potential to address this issue, they often focus solely on electrocardiography graphs and lack real-world field insights.

OBJECTIVE

We addressed this gap by incorporating standardized clinical interpretation of electrocardiography graphs into the system and collaborating with cardiologists to co-design and evaluate this approach using real-world patient cases and data.

METHODS

We conducted a 3-stage iterative design process with 23 cardiologists to co-design, evaluate, and pilot an explainable AI application. In the first stage, we identified 4 physician personas and 7 explainability strategies, which were reviewed in the second stage. A total of 4 strategies were deemed highly effective and feasible for pilot deployment. On the basis of these strategies, we developed a progressive web application and tested it with cardiologists in the third stage.

RESULTS

The final progressive web application prototype received above-average user experience evaluations and effectively motivated physicians to adopt it owing to its ease of use, reliable information, and explainable functionality. In addition, we gathered in-depth field insights from cardiologists who used the system in clinical contexts.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study identified effective explainability strategies, emphasized the importance of curating actionable features and setting accurate expectations, and suggested that many of these insights could apply to other disease care contexts, paving the way for future real-world clinical evaluations.
Dolodoc, an App to leverage self-management of Chronic Pain: Design, Development, and Implementation Report (Preprint)
Authors: Ehrler Frederic , Guebey Julie , Rochat Jessica , Gosetto Laetitia , Rehberg Benno , Lovis Christian , Molinard-Chenu Aude
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Chronic pain affects approximately 19% of the European population and poses significant challenges, both in terms of individual suffering and the financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. While healthcare provider expertise is critical, empowering patients with self-management tools has become increasingly important for addressing long-term pain effectively.

OBJECTIVE

This report details the development and implementation of Dolodoc, a mobile application designed by an R&D team at the University Hospitals of Geneva.

METHODS

This report is done according to the ICheck-DH guidelines

RESULTS

The app allows users to monitor their pain and its impact across seven dimensions of daily life. A virtual coach guides users through the process, offering tailored advice from a corpus of over 80 evidence-based recommendations created by experts.
The project, which lasted four years, was completed within budget and highlights the importance of early stakeholder involvement, including pain experts and end-users, to ensure the solution met user needs. Significant efforts were dedicated to ensuring the recommendations were both evidence-based and accessible. While the app has been freely offered to patients who may benefit, one limitation of this initiative is the lack of predefined Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure its success quantitatively.

CONCLUSIONS

This implementation report serves as a real-world example of leveraging mobile technology in a university hospital setting to address the needs of chronic pain patients and empower them in managing their condition.
The prevalence of postural deficiencies in Romanian preadolescent children and the correlation with foot conditions, body composition, and coordination: a cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Vlad Silviu , Ciobanu Doriana Ioana , Fulop Julia , Matei Nicola , Cristea Dana Ioana , Szabo-Alexi Mariana , Blaga Florin Nicolae , Ianc Dorina
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Correct posture during preadolescence is essential, as it can influence harmonious physical development and long-term health.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of postural deficiencies among preadolescents and establish whether there is a correlation between bad posture, body composition, and coordination or between foot conditions and spine postural deficiencies.

METHODS

The study included 983 children assessed for posture, plantar pressure, and general coordination.

RESULTS

Results: The most prevalent spine deficiency was found to be the head forward posture (641/983, 65.2%). It was found a strong negative correlation of BMI with the presence of kyphosis (r=-.072, n=983, p<.001) and hyperlordosis (r=.020, n=983, p=.009). The correlation analysis also shows that there is a significant association between ankle valgus and the presence of scoliosis (x2(1)=7.87,p=.005) and between flat feet and coordination (x2(3)=22.96, p=.005) and the presence of scoliosis (x2(1)=12.18, p<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The most common spinal deficiency observed was forward head posture. Significant correlations were found between body composition and kyphosis, hyperlordosis, ankle valgus, flatfoot, scoliosis, and coordination. Early detection and targeted prevention programs for school children are crucial to address these postural deficiencies effectively.
Nutrient Deficiency Prediction in Banana Leaves Using Advanced UNET Architecture
Authors: V. Rekha  , Srinivasan Uma Shankari
Published: February 2025

India is agriculture-based country, and the maximum population depends on agricultural productivity for their wealth. India is the second leading country in farming and agriculture is the backbone of economic development. The need for agricultural products is increasing day by day, and at the same time the changing environment produces so many changes in biodiversity, which influences the farming and productivity of plants. The growth and health of plants mainly depend on the soil nutrients and most of the time it’s not easily identified by farmers and experts. It is necessary to take suitable remedial actions such as adjusting fertilizer usability, and improving the soil quality to optimize plant growth and avoid nutrient deficiency in plant leaves. So, it needs support from computer-aided techniques that predict the nutrient deficiency plants of plant leaves easily. This study adapts Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) for data augmentation, Denosing AutoEncoder (DAE) for noise removal, and used UNET, Advanced UNET for nutrient deficiency prediction. This proposed model experimented with the Mendeley Banana Nutrient deficiency dataset and achieved an accuracy of 99.18% for Advanced UNET, and 97.09% for UNET. This experiment recommends Advanced UNET for banana leaf nutrient deficiency detection.
Biocarbón de pulpa de café y raquis de palma con potencial para uso agrícola en el trópico seco
Authors: Aguirre Forero Sonia Esperanza , Villa Parejo José Aldair , Piraneque Gambasica Nelson Virgilio
Published: February 2025

Contextualización: La caracterización y análisis de biocarbón derivado de raquis de palma y pulpa de café es fundamental para aprovechar adecuadamente los residuos orgánicos, además es trascendental para el desarrollo de obtención de materiales promisorios para el manejo del suelo del trópico seco. La investigación se orientó a caracterizar biocarbón obtenido de la biomasa de Pulpa de Café y el Raquis de Palma, variando la temperatura de pirolisis en 250, 300 y 350 °C en un horno mufla de 64 litros.
Vacío de conocimiento: Los estudios de caracterización y análisis de biocarbón en Colombia son escasos, por lo que es necesario investigación para proporcionar información que permita conocer, optimizar su proceso, manejo y uso aprovechamiento del potencial del biocarbón como mejorador de suelos en la región Caribe.
Propósito: El objetivo fue evaluar contenidos de lignina, celulosa y hemicelulosa y caracterizar el biocarbón obtenido (Da, retención de humedad, pH, CE, CIC y contenido de nutrientes).
Metodología: El análisis de los contenidos de lignina, celulosa y hemicelulosa se realizó en el laboratorio de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria – AGROSAVIA, y la caracterización del biocarbón (retención de humedad, pH (1:2) por potenciometría, conductividad eléctrica (CE) conductímetro, densidad real (Dr), contenidos totales de K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Bo, Cu, Zn y Si por digestión ácida y espectrofotometría de absorción atómica laboratorio certificado.
Resultados y conclusiones: se evidenció que el biocarbón obtenido de la pulpa de café (BPT1, BPT2 y BPT3) respecto a los parámetros evaluados es más favorable para la producción agrícola en comparación con los biocarbón de raquis de palma (BRT1, BRT2 y BRT3). El BPT1 presento diferencia en su contenido nutricional, no obstante, es crucial enfatizar que es una enmienda.
iTouch Store
Authors: Jewellery witch Seraphita
Published: February 2025

iTouch Store is a video created for the eponymous exhibition, where physical jewellery is presented in a speculative advertising style. Rejecting words, it offers the viewer a tactile experience through visual perception, reminiscent of advertisements for beauty industry devices. Jewellery, animated video effects, and a multi-layered composition transform this film into an exploration of the boundaries of touch in the digital age. How does jewellery feel when it can only be touched with the eyes? 

iTouch Store, 2019, A-Gallery, Tallinn 
Editing and effects: Ando Naulainen 
Sound: Andres Nõlvak 
Concept and jewellery: Darja Popolitova
Rising incidence of radiation pneumonitis after adjuvant durvalumab in NSCLC patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Stoffers Rutger H. , Niezink Anne G.H. , Chouvalova Olga , Ubbels Jan F. , Woltman-van Iersel Marleen , Hiltermann T. Jeroen N. , Hijmering-Kappelle Lucie B.M. , Douma Gea , De Hosson Sander M. , Van Putten John W.G. , Zandberg Friso T. , Van Dijk Lisanne V. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Wijsman Robin
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose: Adding adjuvant durvalumab to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves overall survival (OS) rates in locally advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). However, recent data suggests that this new modality increases the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the incidence of RP after CRT and adjuvant durvalumab was higher than after CRT alone among patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
Materials and methods: The study population comprised all patients with NSCLC who completed CRT with curative intent between February 2013 and October 2020. From 2018 on, adjuvant durvalumab was administered in selected patients after completion of CRT. Patient and treatment data together with RP data (CTCAEv4.0, scored up to 9 months after CRT), were prospectively collected as part of our standard follow-up program.
Results: A total of 284 patients were included, of which 90 (30.5%) received adjuvant durvalumab. Incidence of grade ≥2 RP increased in patients receiving durvalumab compared to CRT only (17.8% vs. 8.8%; p < 0.05), especially between 6 to 9 months after completing CRT. Adjuvant durvalumab and mean lung dose (MLD) were associated with a higher incidence of grade ≥2 RP (odds ratio [OR]: 2.43 and 1.14, respectively; p < 0.05). Current smoking was found to be a protective factor (OR: 0.38; p < 0.05).
Interpretation: Adjuvant durvalumab significantly increased the incidence of grade ≥2 RP in this real-world cohort of NSCLC patients. Patients receiving adjuvant durvalumab remain prone to develop grade ≥2 RP longer after completing CRT compared to patients treated with CRT only.
Fratura de cabeça de fêmur associado à luxação e fratura de acetábulo bilateral
Authors: Silva Tacio Antonio Barros , Ferro Cibele Alexandra , Buffalo Richard  Anderson Belmonte , Silva Junior Eduardo Antonio Barros , Del Favero Gabriela Sanchez , Rocha Vitor Freire da
Published: February 2025

A fratura de cabeça de fêmur foi descrita, pela primeira vez, em 1869, por Birket, e corresponde à uma lesão rara, ocorrendo entre 5% a 15% dos casos de luxação de quadril. Dentre os graus definidos por Pipkin, I II e IV são os mais comuns, enquanto o grau III é o mais raro. Apesar dessa classificação não apresentar originalmente um valor prognóstico, estudos posteriores apontam a lesão grau IV como a de pior sintoma. O presente estudo tem como objetivo  relatar um caso de fratura bilateral de cabeça de fêmur, Pipkin I à esquerda e Pipkin IV à direita, ambas acompanhadas de luxações. Relato: Paciente do sexo masculino, 24 anos, tabagista, sem comorbidades, sofreu um acidente automobilístico ao colidir frontalmente com um trator em alta velocidade. Uma radiografia foi feita, na qual se evidenciou uma luxação posteriorbilateral de quadril concomitante à fratura bilateral da cabeça de fêmur, com isso, uma redução incruenta de urgência foi efetuada. Um tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado em dois tempos. Discussão: Em relação à luxação do quadril, sendo essa uma urgência ortopédica, deve ser  realizada a redução o mais rápido possível, tomando-se cautela para não contribuir para uma fratura iatrogênica grau III de Pipkin de pescoço femoral. Conclusão: Independente do tratamento, o prognóstico é reservado. Apesar de carecer de estudos mais aprofundados, a artroplastia total de quadril é uma opção provável. Em nosso caso, o paciente evoluiu bem nos primeiros meses, mas apresentou, posteriormente, necrose vascular bilateral e artrose póstraumática à direita.
Evaluation of The Efficiency of Treatment of Industrial Wastewater in a Ministation Using Charcoal Ash
Authors: Silva Larielly Regina Santos , Begnini Mauro Luiz , Silva José Roberto Delalíbera , Moura Nayara Aparecida
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study proposed the use of charcoal ash in Industrial Effluent Treatment Plants (IETPs) for the removal of metals present in effluents, contributing to the improvement of environmental quality and the reduction of waste generated by industrial activities.
 
Theoretical Framework: The lack of treatment and improper disposal of industrial effluents causes significant environmental damage. In this context, the global movement for recycling has driven the search for sustainable solutions, including the utilization of industrial waste. Charcoal ash presents potential as a coagulant in treatment processes due to its physical and chemical properties.
 
Methods: Charcoal ash was subjected to granulometric analysis using sieves of different mesh sizes (8, 9, 20, 48, 60, 100, and bottom), determining an average diameter (DSauter) of 0.345 mm. Coagulant solutions were prepared: a 10% (m/v) Ca(OH)₂ solution and a leached charcoal ash solution. During the sedimentation process, the sedimentation velocities of the retained solids were measured. Physical-chemical analyzes conducted after treatment evaluated the process's efficiency in parameters such as BOD, COD, turbidity, conductivity, and pH.
 
Results and Discussion: During the sedimentation process, the leaked ash solution presented a sedimentation velocity of 0.27 m/s, while the 10% Ca(OH)₂ solution had a velocity of 0.00173 m/s. After treatment, the analyzes showed significant removals: 80.73% for BOD and COD, 91.36% for turbidity, and 11.67% for conductivity, with a final pH of 6.03. The results meet the standards required by the National Environment Council (CONAMA), confirming the efficiency of treatment with charcoal ash.
 
Originality/Value: The study highlights the potential use of charcoal ash as an efficient coagulant in industrial effluent treatment, promoting a sustainable and economical alternative that contributes to waste reduction and environmental preservation.
Optimization of the organization of providing medical care to victims in road accidents in the territory of the Тula region
Authors: Gumenyuk S. A. , Mukhin S. I. , Potapov V. I. , Fedotov S. A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the results of improving the medical support system for the population of the Tula region in eliminating the consequences of emergencies caused by road accidents based on the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of new organizational medical support technologies.

Materials and methods of research. Reports on the work of the TCMC of the Tula region, accounting forms filled out by specialists of the territorial Center for Disaster Medicine (TCMC) in the information system «Monitoring of disaster Medicine centers» (smk.minzdrav.gov.ru); reporting forms of sectoral statistical observation No. 55 and 56 «Information on the activities of medical organizations providing emergency medical care and medical evacuation during field visits forms of work, including those with departments of emergency advisory medical care» for 2018–2022. The research methods are analytical and statistical.

The results of the study and their analysis. A comparative analysis of road traffic injury rates in 15 regions of the Central Federal District of Russia has been performed. The changes that occurred during the improvement of the complex of systemic approaches to the organization of emergency medical care to the population affected by road accidents in the Tula region are analyzed.
Bridging the Inclusion Gap in Colombian Language Classrooms: A Literature Review
Authors: Valdiri Vinasco Carolina
Published: February 2025

Inclusive classrooms are a priority for educators, as they bear the responsibility of ensuring equal opportunities for all students. Previous research in Colombia focuses on specific aspects of inclusion and there is a need for a comprehensive overview that offers a broader perspective of the state of inclusion within the country. This article addresses this gap by reporting findings from an analysis of eight Colombian journals from 2000 to 2023 regarding the issues of inclusion and the use of differentiated instruction in second and foreign-language classrooms. This study aims to identify the types of inclusion commonly addressed, the main pedagogical strategies used, the possible use of differentiated instruction practices, and the difficulties reported. Findings suggest that raising awareness, building community, changing attitudes and adapting materials are key to inclusive approaches, which should be considered when proposing and integrating inclusive strategies in the classroom.
O ESPAÇO SAÚDE E LAZER: A ACADEMIA AO AR LIVRE EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Souza Jéssica Rodrigues de , Sutério Elenilce da Silva , Silva Ana Carla Peres da , Silva Hélio Peres da , Sena Celso Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo apresenta como objetivo geral a ideia de diagnosticar a realidade da academia ao ar livre denominada “Saúde e Lazer” contribuindo para promover a saúde e o lazer à população da comunidade de Nogueira, no município de Alvarães, no usufruto da apropriação dos espaços de lazer, com perspectivas de qualidade de vida coletiva. Trazendo as seguintes questões norteadoras: Qual a realidade encontrada na academia ao ar livre (Saúde e Lazer) na questão do espaço, atuação profissional e usuário? Quais as barreiras existentes no espaço? Quais os benefícios para os usuários? Na primeira sessão procura-se informar o leitor sobre a conceituação de lazer e academia ao ar livre, trazendo a ideia de alguns autores que possuem maior conhecimento sobre o assunto. No desenvolvimento do estudo vamos apontando os principais fatos observados na academia em questão, trazendo dados da realidade da mesma e mostrando como se dá a relação dos usuários com o espaço. Para a técnica e coleta de dados foi utilizado a análise do discurso, observação, observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturada. Mostraremos também algumas sugestões de como melhorar o espaço para obter um melhor aproveitamento por parte dos usuários. Apresentamos uma diagnose do espaço e uma tabela contendo as principais informações coletadas a partir do desenvolvimento deste artigo.
Кориандровый жмых для лактирующих коров
Authors: ЗОТОВ А. , БУРЯКОВ Н.
Published: February 2025

Включение в комбикорм кориандрового жмыха в доле 15% способствует повышению продуктивности лактирующих коров за счет нормализации обменных процессов в их организме, а также увеличению выхода молочного жира и молочного белка.
Gauss-Legendre-Spherical-t (GLST) Cubature-Based Factorization of Long-Range Electrostatics in Simulations
Authors: Hwang Wonmuk , Gonzales James , Brooks Bernard
Published: February 2025

We develop a highly parallelizable algorithm to calculate long-range electrostatic interactions named the Gauss-Legendre-Spherical-t (GLST) cubature method. Motivated by our recent spherical grid and treecode method, we utilize the Gauss-Legendre quadrature for integration over a finite range and spherical t-design for integration over a unit sphere. The resulting GLST cubature breaks the long-range interaction term into a sum of terms that can be calculated in parallel with minimal inter-processor communication. The simulation box is divided into cells that are grouped with a separate GLST cubature applied to each group, based on their distance from the atom or cell for which the long-range interaction is calculated. Periodic boundary condition is handled at two levels, first by `wrapping-around' other cells about the cell under consideration, then by repeating the wrapped-around box over pre-computed number of times that make the relative error of the calculated force to meet the target accuracy. With its high granularity, tunable accuracy, and adaptability to different box geometries, the GLST method is suitable for simulation of large systems on computer hardware where many cores or threads are available.
Nonideal Justice, Fairness, and Affirmative Action
Authors: Adams Matthew
Published: February 2025

I defend affirmative action on the ground that it increases certain people’s ability to exercise their basic liberties, rather than because it rectifies injustice in the narrow context of educational admission procedures. I present this justification using a Rawlsian contractualist framework to forge a “nonideal principle of justice.” Drawing on social science, I argue that this principle supports affirmative-action policies like those in the contemporary U.S., and blocks the objection that such policies are unfair. In closing, I show how my account can be used to refine some features of contemporary affirmative-action policies, and I reflect more generally on the value of nonideal principles of justice for tackling exigent topics.
PORTALS IN PANES: THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SPELLBOUND SPECILUM FOR INTERACTIVE LEARNING AT SCHOOLS.
Authors: N Lakshminarayan , G L Manjunatha , K N Anuradha
Published: February 2025

This paper, Portals in Panes: The inclusion of the Spellbound Specilum prototype using AI in educational institutions for learning activities will enhance the Interactive Learning Process.The traditional classroom interactions can be turned into tech-bound communicator by combining a transparent digital display with a two-way mirror, through which can get real-time information dynamically.The student engagement & learning experiences can be intensified by utilizing voice recognition and augmented reality techniques. This improvises learning through interactive lessons, multimedia presentations etc.,The complex concepts can be made more accessible and engaging by active learning and collaboration encouraged by Spellbound Specilum which is found by observation.Spellbound Specilum offers a future view of interactive learning technologies by serving both as a practical tool and beautify the classroom when it is mixed with art and science.The outcome of the research is that Spellbound Specilum can bring major changes in the current educational methods by providing deep learning capabilities that deliver distinct educational needs and improvise the learning experience completely.
EXPLORING CULTURAL FRONTIERS: THE INTERPLAY OF METAFICTION AND TRANSLATION IN SELECTED ENGLISH FICTION
Authors: Vats Nidhi , Goyal Keshav
Published: February 2025

This research examines the complex interaction between metafiction and translation within English fiction. It illustrates how these literary devices aid narrative crafting and crucial cultural examinations. While translation is commonly viewed as a simple switch from one language to another, it functions as an impactful technique that fortifies narratives by crossing linguistic and cultural divides. Alternatively, metafiction serves as a structure that self-references its own constructed nature, provoking audiences to critically ponder the underlying operations and assumptions that underpin any narrative. This study analyzes the utilization of translation and metafiction in works such as English, August: An Indian Story by Upamanyu Chatterjee, and A House for Mr. Biswas by V.S. Naipaul to demonstrate how these writers question conventional narrative practices to profoundly explore the intricacies of identity development. Chatterjee in English, August: An Indian Story, employs translation as a formal device of fictional art which not only reflects the tension between vernacular languages and English but also contains metanarrative elements. These include, for example, among others the protagonist's disunited selfhood and narrative truth. In A House for Mr. Biswas, Naipaul likewise uses translation embedded within a work of fiction to highlight the cross-cultural nature of Indian traditions with those from the West; creating for us at least some lens on how hybrid and authentic discourses should be made. The paper also looks at the challenges inherent in translating metafiction into practice as maintaining cultural authenticity and accessibility of the narrative strategies. Critics have argued that metafiction and translation wipe out the real cultural essence while distancing readers; however, they are seen as a source of inspiration for further development and intercultural exchange.
How “diagnostic” criteria interact to shape synesthetic behavior: the role of self-report and test-retest consistency in synesthesia research.
Authors: Root Nicholas , Chkhaidze Ana , Melero Helena , Sidoroff-Dorso Anton , Volberg Gregor , Zhang Yijia , Rouw Romke
Published: February 2025

In the past few decades, researchers have established synesthesia as a genuine phenomenon, identified its characteristics (in particular, its automatic, specific and consistent nature), and developed “gold standard” inclusion criteria for research: synesthetes are participants that self-report synesthetic experiences and have consistent (beyond a “cutoff” score) inducer-to-concurrent pairings. While this approach has significantly advanced scientific progress, it can confuse interpretation of research findings due to its inherent circularity: consistency will always appear to be a defining characteristic of synesthesia so long as it is also an inclusion criterion for synesthesia studies. Here, we aim to clarify the relationship between self-report and consistency in “diagnosing” synesthesia. In four experiments, we find that: (1) the optimal consistency cutoff score differs across languages; (2) self-reported synesthetes that “fail” consistency tests can still behave like synesthetes – to our knowledge the first objective evidence that “inconsistent synesthesia” is a genuine phenomenon; (3) Using self-report as the sole inclusion criterion does not significantly change the effect size of two measures of synesthetic behavior (the synesthetic Stroop and synesthetic color Palette); and (4) Consistency influences Stroop effect size in self-reported synesthetes only, but influences the Palette in both synesthetes and non-synesthete controls. We conclude that (in certain cases) self-report alone is a sufficient diagnostic criterion for synesthesia, and that synesthesia studies can increase explanatory power by using raw consistency scores as a covariate in analyses, rather than as an inclusion criterion.
A practical metric for estimating the current climate forcing of natural mires
Authors: Rinne Janne , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Lohila Annalea
Published: February 2025

Commensuration of the radiative effects of different greenhouse gases (GHGs) is crucial for understanding the effects of land cover and ecosystem changes on the global climate. However, none of the current commensuration approaches are suitable for addressing the current climatic effect of mire ecosystems as compared to the situation in which such mires would not exist. The mire ecosystems have accumulated carbon for millennia, creating a negative perturbation to the atmospheric carbon dioxide content, but at the same time they emit methane into the atmosphere. Thus, the functioning of mires involves GHG fluxes with opposing effects on Earth’s radiative balance. Here, based on a simple radiative forcing (RF) model, we propose a new metric for commensuration of the effects of accumulated carbon and methane emission (ACME) on Earth’s energy balance. This ACME approach is applicable to natural mires with a significant part of their carbon accumulated more than 1000 years ago and requires relatively few input data. We demonstrate the feasibility of the ACME approach by applying it to a set of northern mires. The ACME-based RF estimate indicates that these mires have a cooling effect on the current climate, contrary to what a global warming potential-based calculation suggests, since the climatic effect is dominated by the sustained carbon accumulation. By applying the new metric with varying estimates of the total carbon storage and methane emission of northern mires, we estimate the current RF of these mires to range from –0.45 to –0.23 W m-2.
The effect of reward and punishment on the extinction of attentional capture elicited by value-related stimuli
Authors: Garre-Frutos Francisco , Ariza Adriana , González Felisa
Published: February 2025

Particular features of the stimuli that predict significant outcomes tend to capture our attention in a rather automatic and inflexible way. This form of attention has been described as a Pavlovian bias that mimics the phenomenon of sign-tracking described in animals, where reward-predictive cues become motivational magnets. In humans, Value-Modulated Attentional Capture (VMAC) refers to a phenomenon where distractors that signal high-value outcomes receive higher attentional priority. VMAC is particularly difficult to extinguish, showing a similar persistence often described in animal sign-tracking. In the present study, we evaluated to what extent VMAC would persist using a more specific extinction procedure than previous research, where instead of removing the possibility of obtaining rewards, the different discriminant stimuli that signal reward equate its value. Furthermore, we manipulated between experiments whether the high-value distractor predicted high-reward and high-punishment contingent to response accuracy (mimicking previous research; Experiment 1) or only high-reward (Experiment 2), and also explored the association of VMAC and its persistence with measures of emotional impulsivity employed in past research. Our results show that when both rewards and punishments are possible, VMAC does not extinguish after an extensive extinction stage, nor is it associated with measures of emotional impulsivity. When punishments were removed, we showed that VMAC gradually extinguished both in response times and accuracy and that the persistence of VMAC was significantly associated with positive urgency. We discussed these results on the potential of punishments to qualitatively alter learning and response strategies employed by participants.
First-Year Veterinary Student Perspectives from One Institution on Elements Contributing to Career Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Analysis from 2016 through 2023 Including Pre- and Post-COVID Comparisons
Authors: Bagley Rodney S. , Mindthoff Amelia
Published: February 2025

To determine individual student viewpoints on elements important for career satisfaction in our institution, we directly surveyed first-semester veterinary students and collated their responses. For this study, we asked first-year veterinary students in the initial (Fall) semester of their curriculum to identify elements of veterinary employment that they view as important to their career satisfaction in a veterinary job. Using a Qualtrics survey instrument of directed questioning, students rated designated future career elements from “Not important” to “Very important”. Students were surveyed at the start of Fall of 2016 (Class of 2020) through Fall of 2023 (Class of 2027) and responses were compared between classes (years) to determine early-career veterinary student perspectives over time. The (null) hypothesis was that there would be no statistically significant change in the relative importance of these elements over the study period. This hypothesis was accepted for some items (no change in rating over time examples: “Feeling pride in my work”, “Being competent in my skills”, and “A safe work environment”) and rejected for other items (change in rating over time examples: “Salary”, “Having my weekends free”, “Having a four-day work week”, “Flexible work hours”, and “Adequate staffing”). Comparative results suggest that relative ratings of importance have increased with elements such as salary, personal time-related activities, and staffing levels. These results, especially if representative of the global veterinary student population, may influence both formal and informal educational discussions relative to career success topics throughout the curriculum as these students are preparing to enter the veterinary profession.
Intestinal Obstruction as An Internal Hernia in Uterine Broad Ligaments after Tubal Ligation
Authors: Shahraki Ahmad Reza
Published: February 2025

Internal hernias are relatively rare and difficult to diagnose. Diagnostic delays lead to the progression of strangulation. Preoperative diagnosis of internal hernia is very rare. Early intervention and surgical correction goes a long way in preventing high morbidity and mortality associated with cases of internal hernia. Internal hernia is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. Internal hernias represent the penetration of intestinal loops through congenital or acquired openings within the mesentery or peritoneum.

Our case was a 42 years old female with presentation of gastrointestinal obstruction, that in surgery we find internal hernia in small intestine in broad ligaments of uterine, we exclude the trapped intestine and repair the broad ligaments, and discharge her healthy.

Internal hernia of intestine, in adults, it may develop as an acquired condition resulting from abdominal injury, peritoneal inflammation, or iatrogenic factors following previous surgical procedures. Small bowel internal hernias (IHs), a rare cause of small bowel occlusion (SBO) and small bowel strangulation, while more commonly seen in young adults, can also affect elderly patients and pose a significant diagnostic challenge due to their nonspecific symptoms. In most cases, laparotomy was used to diagnose IHs. However, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is usually the best imaging tool to use in the emergency setting for the diagnosis of IHs

We encountered a very rare case of internal hernia in the broad ligaments of uterine.
Expanded Loans as Forms of Indigenous Access, Reconnection, and Sovereignty
Authors: Peers Laura , Beavis Lori , Beavis Christine
Published: February 2025

Addressing the legacies of colonial collections and enabling Indigenous Peoples to reconnect with or extend sovereignty over ancestral items in museums requires tools in addition to repatriation. This article explores the concept of an expanded loan, which adds to the activities normally connected to a loan to include meaningful forms of Indigenous community engagement with loaned items, including ceremony and out-of-case visits/research sessions. The To Honour and Respect project, an expanded loan from the Royal Collection Trust to the Peterborough Museum and Archives in Canada, led by Hiawatha First Nation, is used as a case study to examine the possibilities and tensions raised by expanded loans.
Introduction
Authors: Schorch Philipp , Thomas Nicholas
Published: February 2025

Given the dramatic impact of human action on the environment, evidenced in climate change and biodiversity loss, it has been widely recognized that humanity needs to reimagine its environmental relations. Yet, the deeply entrenched separation of concepts of “culture” and “nature” in Western thought and museums forms a major impediment. Western institutions and legal frameworks define and govern sites of “natural” and/or “cultural” significance; meanwhile, museums promote “cultural” and/or “natural” heritage. Reflecting recent and ongoing efforts to deconstruct the “nature/culture” divide, and to creatively reimagine museum collections as archives of environmental knowledge, this special issue considers how the museums of the future might lead the way in reimagining and reconceptualizing human–environment relations. Advocating a cross-disciplinary approach across anthropology, the arts, and natural history, the authors explore three pressing questions: (1) As knowledge-generating institutions, how were museums historically implicated in the conceptual and actual segregation of “natural” and “cultural” knowledge, and to what extent does this continue to be the case? (2) How can we access materialized human–environment relations conserved in material things, such as Indigenous “artifacts” and “specimens,” and generate novel insights across different systems of being and knowing, such as Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies? (3) In what ways can innovative forms of scholarly engagement, curatorship, and experimental exhibitions reactivate historical collections as creative technologies, and so promote the reimagination of human–environmental relations on a larger scale?
A Munduruku Headdress
Authors: Herle Anita
Published: February 2025

Objects in museum collections can be productively explored as repositories of environmental knowledge situated within particular cultural practices and ontologies. Research on a distinctive Munduruku headdress with its crown of golden feathers produced by tapirage—a remarkable Indigenous practice of changing the color of feathers on living parrots—opened up new ways of thinking about the intertwined relations between natural history specimens and artifacts, and between nature and culture. A comparative investigation of the headdress's materiality, construction, history, and use highlights its transformative potential, while providing insights into museum practice, international networks of exchange, and the fragmented and dispersed nature of “museum evidence.” The knowledge and power imbedded in museum collections can be reactivated through multidisciplinary research and collaboration with Indigenous knowledge holders.
Curating the In-Between
Authors: Rubinstein Samara , Schmitz Colleen M.
Published: February 2025

This article explores how museum practices have evolved in producing knowledge, focusing on a new museum for life sciences and the environment. It proposes a curatorial practice that creates active zones of exchange, bringing together disciplines and breaking down traditional boundaries. This approach aims to produce new forms of knowledge and rethink human-environmental relations. Central to this is the reactivation of natural history collections. By weaving together a plurality of perspectives, material archives become portals into past, present and future ways of knowing. By highlighting human influence, often missing in depictions of nature, it aims to blur the lines between nature and culture. The article outlines these approaches with case studies and situates the future museum within a historical context.
Enhancing the Usability of Stored Museum Items
Authors: Corona Lara
Published: February 2025

With the birth of museums, came the Enlightenment idea that the contemplation of the works was an educational resource that was supposed to be available to the entire population. As a result, collections ostensibly became accessible to everyone (Bazin 1967; Cataldo and Paraventi 2007; Stermscheg 2014). Everybody could enjoy collections, whether they were curators and scholars, or not. Nevertheless, since curators and museums collected items rather carelessly, regardless of the available space, resulting in over-crowded premises, the idea of accessibility has begun to falter (Ames 1985; Crenn 2021; Ferriot 1995; Gilson 1914). Museums adopted several esthetic methods to lighten displays in order to address the unappealing presentation (Avery-Quash and Crookham 2018; Bazin 1967; Griesser-Stermscheg 2014; Murray 1904; Reinach 1909). Because many stored collections have not been displayed at all, the initial intent of their democratization has been compromised. As a result, a sizable portion of collections is accessible for study purposes for professionals only and not the general public. Therefore, the topic of stored collections and their uses has become contested since it endangers the museum's reputation as a place where anybody can access and appreciate its collections.
Modelos de crecimiento de grietas por fatiga
Authors: Andrade Morales Ángel Andrés , Mosquera Velasquez Wilfor Alejandro , Vanegas-Useche Livardo Vicente
Published: February 2025

In this work, different models of fatigue crack growth are studied; a brief historical description on this subject is also provided. The research on this topic is described chronologically; however, emphasis is made on the model proposed by Paris. Then, a number of models that, in general, correspond to cutting-edge research conducted by various international research groups are studied. The main aim of this work is to analyze and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different models, taking into account criteria such as ease of application, data availability, and correlation with experimental results.