bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milyen mértékben predesztinálja a földrajzi adottság egy ország külpolitikáját?
Authors: Éva Csorba
Published: October 2022

KÖNYVISMERTETÉS: Tim Marshall (2021): The power of geography. Ten maps that reveal the future of our world. (A földrajz hatalma. Tíz térkép, amely rávilágít világunk jövőjére). Elliott and Thompson Limited, London. 352 p.
Effects of Visual Deprivation on Remodeling of Nodes of Ranvier in Optic Nerve
Authors: Santos Erin N. , Huffman William C. , Fields R. Douglas
Published: October 2022

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, promote rapid action potential conduction along axons. Changes in the geometry of gaps between myelin segments, known as nodes of Ranvier, affect the conduction speed of neuronal impulses and can ultimately alter neural synchronization and circuit function. In contrast to synaptic plasticity, much less is known about how neural activity may affect node of Ranvier structure. Recently, perinodal astrocytes have been shown to remodel nodes of Ranvier by regulating thrombin proteolysis, but it is not known whether neural activity influences this process. To test this hypothesis, we used transgenic mice with astrocytic expression of a dominant-negative vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 ([gfap]dnVAMP2) to reduce exocytosis of thrombin inhibitors, modulating astrocytic regulation of paranodal loop attachment to induce nodal remodeling, under normal conditions and in adult mice maintained in darkness from postnatal day 40 (P40) to P70. This mechanism of nodal lengthening proceeded normally following binocular visual deprivation (BVD). The effect of BVD on nodal plasticity in animals with unimpaired astrocyte function has not been previously investigated. We find that when exocytosis from astrocytes was unimpaired, nodal gap length was not altered by BVD in adult mice. We conclude that if perinodal astrocytes participate in activity-dependent myelin remodeling through exocytosis, then, as with synaptic plasticity in the visual system, the process must be driven by alterations in neuronal firing other than those produced by BVD.
Conditional Degradation of UNC-31/CAPS Enables Spatiotemporal Analysis of Neuropeptide Function
Authors: Cornell Rebecca , Cao Wei , Liu Jie , Pocock Roger
Published: October 2022

Neuropeptide release from dense-core vesicles inCaenorhabditis elegansis promoted by UNC-31, ortholog of the calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS). Loss of UNC-31 causes multiple phenotypes inC. elegansincluding reduced motility, retention of late-stage eggs, and reduction in evoked synaptic release. However, the ability to analyze UNC-31 function over discrete timescales and in specific neurons is lacking. Here, we generated and validated a tool to enable UNC-31 expression and spatiotemporal functional analysis. We show that endogenously tagged UNC-31 is expressed in major ganglia and nerve cords from late embryonic stages through to adult. Using the auxin-inducible degradation system, we depleted UNC-31 postembryonically from the hermaphrodite nervous system and revealed defects in egg laying, locomotion, and vesicle release that were comparable to those inunc-31null mutant animals. In addition, we found that depleting UNC-31 specifically from the BAG sensory neurons causes increased intestinal fat storage, highlighting the spatial sensitivity of this system. Together, this protein degradation tool may be used to facilitate studies of neuropeptide function at precise cellular and temporal scales.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimal behavior and physiology is controlled by neuropeptides that are released from specific neuronal sources. The ability to dissect discrete neuropeptide functions requires precise manipulation of neuropeptide release. We have developed and validated a tool that enables precise spatiotemporal regulation of neuropeptide release that will enable researchers to examine neuropeptide function at exceptional resolution.
PROPERTIES OF SOFT SOIL CONTAINING OUTER LAYER FACE MASK
Authors: Abdullah A. , Abdu Karim I.R
Published: October 2022

In construction, soft clay soil is continuously being the biggest concern for engineer. It is classified as problematic soil because of its weak properties and it usually does not meet the construction requirement due to excessive settlement. In this research, the improvement of soft clay soil is made by adding a small percentage of the waste generated from face mask. By doing this, it is hoped to improve the soil’s properties and preserve the environment by reducing the abundant waste. Several laboratory tests (particle size test, soil consistency test, standard Proctor test and unconfined compression test) were conducted to determine the soil properties. The outer layer face mask (OLFM), which was cut in pieces, was added in the amount of 0.25 %, 0.5 % and 1 % of the total volume. The results show that the mixture of 1 % of the outer layer face mask’s into the soft clay soil is able to increase the soil’s shear strength by 2.8 times.
DIGITAL SLOPE MAPPING USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)
Authors: Ishak M.F. , Zolkepli M.F. , Muhammad N.
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses the applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for slope mapping and its important parameters includingperimeter, area and volume of four selected areas of slope A, slope B, slope C and slope D. Modern UAV is able to capture high quality images and convert them into a natural mapping output extracted from the commercial software such as Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Orthophoto. Two locations in Kuantan Pahang were selected at Sungai Lembing and Politeknik Sultan Ahmad Shah ‘POLISAS’ for slope mapping analysis. The main interest of this study is to measure the perimeter, area and volume of selected study areas using a commercial software. In addition, this modern method of mapping was proven to be more effective than the traditional method in terms of less cost, can generate huge data entry in a brief time, low man power and no potential risk of hazardous effect to man. In conclusion, modern technology of UAV is an efficient way of mapping for geotechnical engineering. Slope mapping help researchers and engineers to obtain slope measurement within a short period of time compared to previous traditional method.
THE MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF COAL WASTE BRICK
Authors: Ariffin N.F. , Zaimi M.N.S. , Syed Mohsin S.M. , Hasim A.M. , Nasrudin N.N. , Muthusamy K. , Mat Yahaya F.
Published: October 2022

Brick is one of the most important materials for building construction. Brick had been used for non-loading structure and need to be made from durable materials. The common materials used for brick are clay, sand and cement. However, the issue of depletion of natural resources has become a major concern nowadays. On the other hand, waste materials generated from coal power plants have been studied by many researchers and proven to be suitable as one of the brick materials. This waste is abundantly available in landfills without any profit. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of coal bottom ash brick in term of mechanical performance. The density, compressive strength and water absorption capabilities of the coal bottom ash bricks have been investigated at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The findings revealed that bricks made of coal bottom ash had a low density while maintaining its compressive strength. In conclusion, the use of coal bottom ash in brick manufacturing has a lot of potentials to be used in industry.
SIMULATION STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ECCENTRICITY LOAD ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF PRECAST WALL PANEL IN TERMS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION AND LATERAL DISPLACEMENT
Authors: Shyazril M.R. , Sulaiman M.A. , Othman R.
Published: October 2022

This research studies on behaviour precast wall loaded with a different eccentricity of load using finite element method. Seven (7) models of the wall were developed and analysed using ABAQUS software. All samples are designed with a dimension of 3000 mm height x 3000 mm length and 150 mm thickness by using the main material, which is reinforced concrete. Steel bar reinforcement for all model precast walls was provided with T10-200 in the vertical section and T10-300 in the horizontal section. The concrete grade used for the design of the precast wall in this study is the C35 with a longitudinal steel support of deformed steel reinforcement bars with a nominal yield strength of 460 MPa and for the mild steel is of 250 MPa. The study shows the decrease in deformation shape curve when the eccentricity value increases up to 10 mm. The study also reveals no significant effect on stress distribution regarding the location of stress under different eccentricities of load.
Frontmatter
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: October 2022

Frontmatter.
A Resource Guide to the Study of Contemporary Pennsylvnia Politics and Government
Authors: Marbach James R.
Published: October 2022

This resource guide is designed to guide and assist individuals researching contemporary Pennsylvania government and politics. It describes many of the primary and secondary sources available, as well as some of the more significant Internet sites. In addition to sections on the various branches of Pennsylvania government, this resource guide also reviews the information about campaigns and elections, the media, local government, and research centers in the Commonwealth.
Nietzsche's Rejection of Wagner
Authors: Byrne William F.
Published: October 2022

Nietzsche's late anti-Wagner tracts receive little attention from political scientists, yet they offer important insights into Nietzsche's philosophical thought and into the relationship of art to political behavior. For Nietzsche, both the romantic and the 'Christian' elements of Wagner's operas embody the 'slave morality' that is characteristic of modernity. 'Decadent' art like Wagner's tends to deaden the listener to the moral demands of real life, and instead promotes a longing for a transfigured exterior world. This can be manifested politically in the form of ideological movements that aim to destroy the old order and erect a new utopian order in its place. In these writings Nietzsche positions himself against expansive romanticism and nihilism, and emerges as a surprisingly strong classicist, albeit an unconventional one.
The Impact of Rhetorical Situation on Realism as Measured by the Lexical Content of Governors' State-of-the-State Speeches
Authors: DiLeo Daniel
Published: October 2022

This study uses Roderick Hart's method of measuring rhetorical "realism," defined as language that indicates concern with "tangible, immediate, recognizable matters that affect people's everyday lives, in two sets of gubernatorial state-of-the-state speeches. The party affiliation of the governor, economic growth and the per capita income of the state, the level of extremism in public opinion and the combination of divided government and the governor's lack of political experience did not have a consistent impact on the level of realism in the governors' speeches. However, the governors' speeches exhibited higher levels of real-ism in states with liberal public opinion. A variety of possible explanations for this finding are proposed.
In the Commonwealth
Authors: Fitzpatrick Gerard. J.
Published: October 2022

Editor's note.
Idealism, Realism, and the Categorial Imperative in Kant's Perpetual Peace
Authors: Henderson Gordon P.
Published: October 2022

Immanuel Kant's philosophical system is devoted to reconciling the "anti-nomy" between freedom and determination. In Perpetual Peace, this becomes the related antinomy between morality and politics. This article reinterprets Kant's political essays as efforts to reconcile the modern dichotomy in international politics between idealism and realism. Kant's application of his famous moral rule, the categorical imperative, to the problem of war and peace captures the tension between these contradictory approaches to international relations. The reconciliation he achieves allows contemporary practitioners to be guardedly hopeful in their peacemaking efforts. Proponents of the "democratic peace" thesis, which Kant originated, would do well to control their enthusiasm; yet critics should contain their cynicism.
State Influence in the Presidential Selection Process
Authors: Vike James E.
Published: October 2022

The frontloading trend in the presidential primary system has been widely criticized for creating disparities among states in their level of influence over the presidential selection process. This article examines the general motivations, benefits, and consequences of state participation in frontloading. It focuses upon Pennsylvania, which has not joined the trend. Presidential primaries in Pennsylvania have become increasingly uncompetitive due to frontloading in other states. Comparative analysis with Ohio and forecasting analysis based on Pennsylvania voting history suggest that an earlier presidential primary in Pennsylvania in 2000 would have resulted in not only more candidate competitiveness and campaign activity, but also more voter choice and voter turnout. Yet, fear of increased administrative burdens and disruption to the electoral status quo stopped Pennsylvania's legislators from adopting the change.
Disappearing Democrats
Authors: Yost Bernard D.
Published: October 2022

Pennsylvania has more registered Democrats than Republicans, yet Republicans control most of the statewide elected offices and both chambers of the state legislature. How is it possible that the Democrats' registration advantage does not lead to more Democratic electoral success? Using a random survey of Pennsylvania voters and comparative questions on party orientation and party registration, this article finds that many of the state's voters identify with a political party that is different from the party in which they are actually registered. Party identification is important because it is a better predictor of voting behavior than is party registration. The article finds that more registered Democrats in Pennsylvania identify with the Republican Party than vice versa, making the Democrats' registration advantage an advantage in name only.
In the Commonwealth
Authors: Fitzpatrick Gerard. J.
Published: October 2022

In the Commonwealth.
From Realism to Liberalism
Authors: Shrader Nathan R.
Published: October 2022

This article examines international relations rhetoric rather than foreign policy practice. Between the time of his acceptance of the Republican presidential nomination in August 2000 and his reelection in November 2004, George W. Bush changed his rhetorical focus from "realist" to "liberal internationalist" in an effort to sell his foreign policy agenda. This shift is identified through an analysis of nine presidential speeches and one excerpt from a book Bush wrote prior to becoming president. By exploring Bush's foreign policy pronouncements, the article reveals shifting patterns of presidential rhetoric and demonstates the importance of studying presidential rhetoric in international relations theory.
Demographic and Family Differences in Use of Early Childhood Care and Education in Pennsylvania
Authors: Weinraub Marsha , Shlay Anne B. , Kochanoff Anita T.
Published: October 2022

Studies show that Pennsylvania ranks below the national average in the percentage of preschool children enrolled in center-based programs. This is important because center-based care has been shown to better prepare children for entry into school. In 2002, we examined demographic and family influences in the use of early childhood care and education (ECCE) in a statewide random sample of 1005 Pennsylvania families with children under 6 years of age, providing a baseline of ECCE in Pennsylvania during a time when the state offered no public funding specifically for preschool. Our findings suggest that Pennsylvania children, particularly those from less educated and lower income families, may not have been well prepared to enter school in 2002. Policy changes since 2002 are described, and the likelihood of these policies to better prepare Pennsylvania's children to enter school ready to learn are considered.
Public Health Shortage Areas in Pennsylvania
Authors: Cardelle Alberto J. F , Holland Deidre
Published: October 2022

One of the essential functions of public health services is to “inform, educate, and empower people about health issues” (CDC 1994). Throughout the United States, the tendency is to have decentralized public health systems that leave the decision-making and a significant part of the financing to local county and municipal governments. This strong reliance on local government financing and control translates into extreme variations in per capita expenditures and access. This paper examines whether or not individuals residing in areas without a centralized public health infrastructure have more difficulty accessing health information to help them make informed decisions about healthy living and lifestyle choices. The paper compares the ease and accuracy of accessing basic public health information in counties and municipalities without a Local Health Department (LHD) as compared to counties and municipalities served by a LHD. The study examines the case of Pennsylvania, because the state has the lowest ratio of public health workers per person in the country (Gebbie 2000), and it has only 10 LHDs covering six counties and four municipalities. The study found that in areas without a LHD, residents had to make 20% more calls and received useful information in only 64% of the inquiries. This is compared with locales served by LHDs which required fewer calls in order to receive useful information, and in which useful information was attained 100% of the time. This assessment shows that the potential for callers to receive useful public health information in areas without a LHD was impacted by both the higher number of calls that were required and in the diversity of places to which callers were referred. In locales without LHDs, the caller was much more likely to be referred to a non-public health entity, and was statistically less likely to get to speak to a public health professional early on in their inquiry.
Crisis in the Making
Authors: Bozza John A.
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
Financial Analysis and Structural Considerations to the Problem of Rural Public Health in Pennsylvania
Authors: Cardelle Alberto J. F.
Published: October 2022

Currently, none of Pennsylvania's 48 rural counties has a local health department (LHD). This is despite the existance of laws that provide locales with per capita funding for public health and environmental services. This study examines the financial issues that may influence the establishment of a robust public health infrastructure in rural areas. The study looks at 10 rural counties in the state and, through financial analysis of different LHD models (using the 2003-04 financial data) for rural counties, helps demonstrate that the relatively high levels of local funds required to establish LHDs would be a major financial undertaking. Testing three models - single-county, bi-county and tri-county LHDs - the study shows that locales would require an average of $16 per capita annually in local funds. the model analysis shows that small population size, large geographic area, and the low availability of primary care servics drive expenses higher. Since rural counties have low population density, cover broad geographic expanses, and suffer from chronic lack of primary care services, rural LHDs covering rural counties have to cover a very large geographic area, a critical cost driver especially for environmental services such as water supply testing. Geographically large rural counties are also pressured to provide personal health services given the limited number of primary care providers. The result is a local health department with very high expenses. The paper concludes with policy considerations that may help to overcome these barriers, including establishing secondary formulas that are an alternative to per capita funding as well as creation start-up costs funds.
Residency Requirements for First Responders
Authors: Finkenbinder Karen
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
Judicial Selection and the Underrepresentation of Women on the Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas
Authors: Frederick Heather
Published: October 2022

This article explores several factors affecting the representation of women on Pennsylvania’s Courts of Common Pleas. First, it considers whether women are underrepresented as judges on these courts. Second, it investigates whether women are more likely to become judges on these courts through partisan election or through gubernatorial appointment. Third, it examines whether Democratic governors are more likely than their Republican counterparts to appoint female judges to these courts. The article concludes that even though little gender bias is attributable to the method of selecting judges for the Courts of Common Pleas, women are nonetheless greatly underrepresented as judges on this level of thePennsylvania judiciary. The striking difference between the number of women in the Pennsylvania bar and the number of female judges on the state’s Courts of Common Pleas also indicates that women have not achieved parity on the bench and that the size of the eligibility pool is not necessarily a valid explanatory factor.
The Removal of Carl Romanelli from Pennsylvania's 2006 U.S. Senate Ballot
Authors: Potts Blyden
Published: October 2022

This article is a case study of the ballot qualification challenge brought by the Pennsylvania Democratic Party against Carl Romanelli, the Green Party Candidate for U.S. Senate in 2006. The study argues that the state's legal process for challenging signatures on ballot access petitions imposes a greater burden on independent and minor party candidates than the letter of the law suggests; that Pennsylvania signature challenge process is motivated more by partisan political considerations than by a genuine public interest in preventing signature fraud. The study concludes that Romanelli may have qualified for a place on the ballot had the standard applied to him been that suggested by the ballot access law without the various criteria for disqualifying signatures added by his partisan opposition, legal precendents, the court-ordered review process, and the states database of registered voters.
Three Strikes and You're Out?
Authors: Hale George
Published: October 2022

After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Pennsylvania adopted one of the nation's strongest governmental monopolies for the sale of wine and spirits. Since 1980, three Republican governors--Dick Thornburgh, Tom Ridge, and Tom Corbett--have tried to privatize the state's monopoly. Despite supportfrom more than 60% of the public, they failed. James Q. Wilson's work on client politics, where costs are widely distributed and benefits are narrowly concentrated, partly explains why the state's liquor policy is difficult to change. In addition, unionized workers in the state-owned liquor stores, the primary beneficiaries of the policy, are supported by the Democrats in the General Assembly. Moreover, the Republican governors were supported by only about half the Republican lawmakers, who were divided among themselves. So far the potential beneficiaries of privatization have been unorganized and on the sidelines. The evidence suggests that governors acting alone cannot change policy. Client politics and morality politics are likely to continue to block major reforms until or unless the issue is moved into the area of interest group politics that Wilson describes.
Collective Bargaining and Municipal Distress
Authors: Solivam Erik L.
Published: October 2022

The limited authority that municipalities have over the costs of police and fire personnel is a primary cause of fiscal distress in local governments in Pennsylvania. This article argues that the state legislature must amend Act 111 to give local governments and uniformed-employee unions equal standing under the law. The currently inequitable standing between a police or firefighters' union and a local government during negotiation and arbitration is the flaw in Act 111. The root of this flaw lies in the historical relationship between the state legislature and local governments and the parallel history that led to the passage of Act 111 in 1968. The defect in Act 111 is a prime cause of the substantial growth in the cost of local governments' municipal police pensions. The state legislature recognized the legal deficiency of Act 111 by enacting the Municipalities Financial Recovery Act, known as Act 47, which is the state program for municipal bankruptcy. To curtail the pending municipal fiscal crisis, the state legislature must amend Act 111. The amendments proposed in this article would correct the defect in Act 111 by granting equal standing under the law to local governments and police and firefights' unions.
Frontmatter
Authors: Staff Editorial
Published: October 2022

Frontmatter
COMMONWEALTH: Genesis
Authors: Tannenbaum Donald
Published: October 2022

None
The Women's Rights Lobby in the Gender Gap Congress, 1983-84
Authors: Thompson Joan Hulse
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the successes and failures of the women's right lobby during the 98th Congress, when the media made the "gender gap" a political watchword and legislators were unusually anxious to show support for women's issues. A similarly favorable climate had existed ten years earlier, but the women's interest groups were new to lobbying, had little coordination and were unable to attract coalition partners among more established groups. This time they had the Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues as a liaison to over 100 House members, an agreed agenda called the Economic Equity Act and 165 allied organizations making up the Leadership Conference for Civil Rights. By playing the gender gap the Caucus and women lobbyists were able to win enactment of pension reform and child support enforcement legislation. While the gender gap is no longer in the headlines, some momentum has been retained.
Tacit Knowledge in Plato
Authors: Botwinick Aryen
Published: October 2022

Applying the concept of tacit knowledge to several key areas in Plato's political theory illuminates obscurities and mitigates incoherencies in his thought, revealing a less totalitarian emphasis. It also provides a promising avenue for resolving a central epistemological problem that has occupied Western philosophy since its inception, namely, the fonnulation of a consistent version of skepticism.
The New Libertarianism and the Sedition Act of 1798
Authors: Fitzpatrick Gerard. J.
Published: October 2022

When the First Amendment was ratified in 1791 many Americans still regarded trenchant criticism of govemment, its officers, or its policies to be criminally punishable "seditious libel." Not until the bitter controversy ignited by the Sedition Act of 1798 did Americans formulate a theory of political expression in a republic that undercut arguments justifying prosecution for seditious libel. The result was a new libenarianism with regard to freedom of speech and press.
Organizational Reform of Public Institutions by Federal Courts
Authors: Phillips William R.F. , Rosenberg Janet
Published: October 2022

Since the 1950s Federal Courts have become extensively involved in the reform of public institutions in response to the complaints of minority and disadvantaged groups. Many judges, cognizant of the unusual and complex nature of their task, have chosen novel participatory forms of case management. Using the case literature, this paper tries to identify the major forces which influence this choice, and explores the conditions under which participatory structures may or may not be instrumental in achieving institutional reform. Toward these ends, we propose several hypotheses as the basis for future systematic study of the development and outcomes of these non-traditional methods of case management.
Man
Authors: Martin Richard T.
Published: October 2022

This article examines the nature of the will and its connection to representation in Hobbes's political philosophy. The argument is that Hobbes's notion of willing is not an empty formalism but hinges upon a dynamic and fluid account of human nature which informs the sovereign and its subjects concerning the dangers of representing and being represented. The position taken stresses Hobbes's use of the metaphor of the stage in his account of representation. In conclusion, the argument is advanced that Hobbes's position is flawed by an emphasis upon an individualistic subjectivity which makes representation subject to insurmountable difficulties.
In the Commonwealth
Authors: Tannenbaum Donald G.
Published: October 2022

In the Commonwealth.
The Will of the Community
Authors: De Maio Gerald , Muzzio Douglas
Published: October 2022

In this essay, we develop the contrasting perspectives on representation advocated by the opposing sides at Poughkeepsie and the other state ratifying conventions, with some reference to the Philadelphia convention as well. The ratification struggle in New York State is emphasized because it produced America's contribution to the classics of western political thought, The Federalist and a well-articulated debate between two key protagonists, Alexander Hamilton and Melancton Smith. The continuing relevance of the positions advanced during the ratification debates of 1787 and 1788 can be found in the municipal reform movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, in the "apportionment revolution" of the last generation, and in the redistricting of the New York City Council in 1991.
Evolution of Participation in International Organization
Authors: Plischke Elmer
Published: October 2022

The misapprehension that, because of its isolationist tradition and rejection of the League of Nations, the United States eschewed the joining of multipartite public international organizations prior to World War II is controverted by historical evidence. Except for noninvolvement in Europe's alliances prior to the 1940s, infact, the United States has participated enthusiastically in multilateral as well as bilateral international agencies in which it has a vital interest or which it regards as beneficial in implementing its foreign relations.
Institution and Virtue in the Judiciary
Authors: Wirls Stephen H.
Published: October 2022

This essay reconsiders The Federalist's design of the Judiciary. The argument has two themes. In general, The Federalist does not neglect ambition in the case of judicial power. Rather, The Federalist presents a coherent institutional order that is fully informed by this problem. It defines the central judicial function quite narrowly and describes an elaborate a constellation of influences to contain judicial will within these boundaries. This end and these means impose a very narrow scope on judicial review. The more specific theme concerns the place of virtue in that institutional design. The Federalist's discussion of other, truly discretionary functions introduces the need for some virtue to condition judicial will in the absence of the guidance of law. This concern for virtue in relation to other powers confirms the limited scope of judicial review. Moreover, the need to secure and preserve some virtue in judges imposes further restrictions on functions and powers.
From Great Books to Serviceable Course Texts
Authors: Schultz David
Published: October 2022

No abstract.
In the Commonwealth
Authors: Baldino Thomas J.
Published: October 2022

In the Commonwealth.
Reforming Public Tort Law
Authors: Brand Donald R.
Published: October 2022

The gradual movement away from traditional common law doctrines of sovereign and official immunity over the past 40 years has generally been hailed as a victory for individual rights. The author argues that these gains must be weighed against such dangers as inappropriate judicial intrusion in administrative matters and a decline in the capacity to govern.
Electoral Competition and Roll-Call Voting
Authors: Berard Stanley P.
Published: October 2022

How does electoral competition affect the preferences expressed by representatives in their roll-call votes? Literature on representative-constituency relations suggests two contradictory hypotheses on this issue. One hypothesis is that intense electoral competition induces more ideologically extreme behavior on the part of representatives, because competition increases their need for the electoral resources provided by committed activists. The other is that competition provides incentive for more moderate legislative behavior, as a means of gaining marginal votes outside the representative's activist base. Using the measure of liberal policy agreement computed by the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), this article reports that competition is more frequently a polarizing than a moderating influence on roll-call behavior. The analysis also reveals some peculiar partisan and regional differences that can produce further insight concerning the impact of elections on legislative behavior.
The Provision of Disability Sports in Schools
Authors: Zdroik Jen , Piletic Cindy , Veliz Philip
Published: October 2022

If we improve the provision and accessibility in sport, we can change how society includes disability into its diversity, equity, and inclusion mandates.
Hermenêutica e psicanálise
Authors: Rohden Luiz , Reis Mauricio Martins
Published: October 2022

A articulação entre psicanálise e hermenêutica não é algo de incomum no pensamento dos últimos anos, em especial a partir da segunda metade do século vinte. Ocorre, todavia, que essa articulação muito raramente é postulada como constitutiva ou intrínseca, se tomarmos em consideração os pressupostos da psicanálise freudiana comparativamente à filosofia da hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. O presente artigo tem por objetivo pavimentar essa clareira comum entre ambos, tomando como base a interpretação na especificidade da clínica do inconsciente e do compreender gadameriano.
Parenting Style for Single Mothers in Yogyakarta
Authors: Octavia Indah Andika
Published: October 2022

A single mother is not an option in a woman’s life. When you become a single mother, there will be changes in the family, including changes in the roles and duties that single mothers in raising children must bear. Including how to apply rules, teach values and norms, give attention and affection, and show good attitudes and behavior to become examples or role models for their children. Therefore, research related to how the dynamics of a single mother apply the parenting style that she gives to her children is fascinating to study. The subject of this research is a single mother who has one child. The study results found two themes, namely the role of parents and knowledge about parenting. In addition, there are also several impacts of inconsistent parenting related to children’s behavior. Children tend to be temperamental, irritable, and have weak emotional control.
A maternidade no cárcere e a sua relação com os direitos humanos
Authors: Bordenabe Victória Dos Santos , De Paula Fernando Shimidt
Published: October 2022

O trabalho se concentra em expor os problemas e situações enfrentadas pelas gestantes dentro dos presídios brasileiros, e tem por objetivo demonstrar os direitos garantidos à essas mulheres e sua prole. Após coleta de dados do Departamento Penitenciário Nacional e do Levantamento Nacional de Informações Penitenciárias (INFOPEN), pesquisas em sites como o site do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo, leituras de artigos de lei, livros e artigos científicos, foi possível observar que nem sempre as legislações estão de acordo com o vivido no dia a dia, e conclui-se que há um árduo caminho a ser trilhado em busca da efetivação desses direitos fundamentais e tão importantes para a dignidade da pessoa humana.
Inteligência artificial viabiliza reflexo positivo no Ensino Superior durante a pandemia Coronavirus-19: disruptura de paradigmas
Authors: Souza Claudete De
Published: October 2022

O artigo indaga sobre eventual sequela positiva agregada ao ensino superior pela Pandemia do Coronavírus 19. A decretação do isolamento social obrigou à utilização dos muitos artefatos tecnológicos (internet, plataformas digitais, streams) e tantos outros recursos facilitadores do ensino a distância, desenvolvidos a partir da Inteligência Artificial (doravante apenas IA). Muitos professores resistem a incorporá-los em sua praxis, mas foram forçados a operar o mundo virtual ministrando aulas online. Problema da pesquisa: o vasto ambiente tecnológico disponibilizado graças a IA pode e deve ser utilizado pelo professor universitário como ferramenta que possibilita gerar aulas mais adequadas ao século XXI. Hipótese: o fato negativo (Pandemia) provocou um reflexo positivo (maior utilização da tecnologia pelos professores universitários). Como objetivos específicos se almeja: (i) descortinar as possibilidades e oportunidades da aplicação de IA para resultar em ensino superior de melhor qualidade ; (ii) investigar sobre a ruptura de paradigmas provocada pela 4ª Revolução Industrial; (iii) analisar se o arsenal tecnológico criado com IA resulta em aulas mais adequadas ao século XXI. Comporão o corpus da pesquisa os Decretos e Leis Temporárias que autorizaram a migração do ensino presencial para a modalidade remota durante a continuidade do isolamento social. O estudo justifica-se principalmente pelas constatações pessoais durante os longos anos de magistério sobre especialistas, mestres ou doutores negarem-se a aproximação da tecnologia e utilização das metodologias ou atividades propiciadas pelas TIC´s (tecnologias da informação e comunicação). O arcabouço teórico que sustenta este trabalho são estudos na área da educação de SENHORAS, 2020; FIOR e MARTINS, 2020; HARASIM (2015); na área de tecnologia e comunicação: TAVARES et al (2020); FRAZÃO e MULHOLLAND, 2019; GUTIERREZ, 2019; ARBIX, 2020; YUDKOWSKY, 2020, dentre outros. Como metodologia, a revisão bibliográfica de obras especializadas impressas e artigos científicos alcançados nas plataformas digitais. Os resultados esperados confirmam que a Pandemia do Coronavírus 19 surtiu um aspecto positivo com relação a educação superior nacional, exigindo do professor o rompimento de paradigmas com consequente utilização da tecnologia exigida pelas aulas online. Evidencia-se que a adaptação do ensino superior brasileiro à era digital foi determinantemente exigida a partir do evento global, inesperado e imprevisível, da Pandemia Coronavírus 19, constituindo-se em reflexo positivo gerado dentro do caos.
FRACTIONAL MODEL IN THE THEORY OF GENERALIZED THERMOELASTIC DIFFUSION
Authors: Hussein Eman M.
Published: October 2022

A problem for thermoelastic thick plate of infinite extension and finite thickness is considered, where a permeating substance is in contact with one of the bounding planes in the context of generalized thermoelastic diffusion theory with fractional parameter. The upper surface is assumed to be traction-free, subject to time-dependent thermal shock, and the chemical potential is also assumed to be a known function of time. The lower surface of the plate is laid on an insulated rigid foundation. Laplace and Hankel transform techniques are used. Analytical solutions in the transform domain are obtained using direct methods. The inverse of the double transform is obtained using a numerical method based on the Fourier expansion technique. A general solution to the cylindrical region problem is obtained. The solution can calculate under any boundary conditions. All numerical results are in perfect agreement with earlier work in various thermoelastic theories. Numerical calculations are performed for two different time values and for three distinct fraction parameter values. Temperature, stress, displacement, concentration, and chemical potential are displayed graphically. Comparisons are made with the results of the previous theory.
The fatigue enhancement of Gade valley viaduct box girders due to distortional effects
Authors: Antoniou Kyriakos , Bonnett Joanna , Robinson Peter , Percy Robert
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a case study is examined in which a bridge structure with fatigue critical details was successfully managed and remediated without extensive traffic closures. Severe theoretical fatigue life shortfalls have been identified at the transverse stiffener frames of the box girder due to distortional effects in the steel box. Gade valley viaduct was the final link in the M25 London orbital motorway, constructed in 1986 at Kings Langley, UK. It is a composite box girder viaduct 440 m long with typical spans of 42 m and carries 180 000 vehicles daily. A series of cracks and original sub-standard weld quality issues were discovered in the transverse stiffener frames of the box girder. The fatigue shortfall that was a significant contributor to the identified fatigue cracking was confirmed by assessment and strain-gauge monitoring. A fatigue enhancement bracing system was deployed at all spans and boxes to provide a full 120 year fatigue life. The use of off-structure testing in a mock-up girder before the application on the live structure was a key feature of this project, where several lessons were learned from weld trials. This case study illustrates how heavily used structures with theoretical fatigue life shortfalls can be successfully rehabilitated to ensure safety.
A new test method for freeze–thaw resistance of ballastless track structure concrete: experiment and model
Authors: Ge Xin , Tan Yanbin , Du Sen , Xie Yongjiang , Zheng Yongjie , Li Linxiang , Yang Lu
Published: October 2022

Existing methods for evaluating the resistance of concrete to freeze–thaw cycles might not be suitable for concrete used in ballastless track structures (BTSs). In this study a new test method was designed to investigate the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete used in BTSs: the test procedure, the specimen size and the position of the test surface were all redesigned. The results showed that the accumulated scaling mass could reflect the freeze–thaw resistance of BTS concrete better than the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity. Parameter analysis was conducted to shed light on relationships between the accumulated scaling mass and slump, laitance depth and position of test surface and some fitting equations were established. Based on the experimental results, a model of freeze–thaw fatigue life for BTS concrete in cold regions was proposed and verified. According to the calculated fatigue life data, the slump and test method/mould size were the two most significant factors in the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete. In addition, the freeze–thaw resistance of BTS concrete was found to be overestimated by the existing test method; the reason for this overestimation is explained.
Early Effect of the Circular Model of Kidney Allocation in the United States
Authors: Puttarajappa Chethan M. , Hariharan Sundaram , Zhang Xingyu , Tevar Amit , Mehta Rajil , Gunabushanam Vikraman , Sood Puneet , Hoffman William , Mohan Sumit
Published: October 2022

Significance Statement

To reduce geographic disparities in kidney transplantation, the United States implemented a new model of deceased donor kidney allocation in March 2021. The new model’s effect on transplant logistics and kidney utilization is unknown. Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, this study found an increase in transplants among highly sensitized patients and patients with long dialysis duration. However, cold ischemia time after implementation of the new allocation policy increased significantly, with a suggestion of an increase in kidney discards. Given that the policy was implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which also affected transplant practices, there is need for continued monitoring for potential unintended consequences of the new policy, along with efforts to mitigate them.

Background

In March 2021, the United States implemented a new kidney allocation system (KAS250) for deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT), which eliminated the donation service area-based allocation and replaced it with a system on the basis of distance from donor hospital to transplant center within/outside a radius of 250 nautical miles. The effect of this policy on kidney discards and logistics is unknown.

Methods

We examined discards, donor-recipient characteristics, cold ischemia time (CIT), and delayed graft function (DGF) during the first 9 months of KAS250 compared with a pre-KAS250 cohort from the preceding 2 years. Changes in discards and CIT after the onset of COVID-19 and the implementation of KAS250 were evaluated using an interrupted time-series model. Changes in allocation practices (biopsy, machine perfusion, and virtual cross-match) were also evaluated.

Results

Post-KAS250 saw a two-fold increase in kidneys imported from nonlocal organ procurement organizations (OPO) and a higher proportion of recipients with calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) 81%–98% (12% versus 8%; P<0.001) and those with >5 years of pretransplant dialysis (35% versus 33%; P<0.001). CIT increased (mean 2 hours), including among local OPO kidneys. DGF was similar on adjusted analysis. Discards after KAS250 did not immediately change, but we observed a statistically significant increase over time that was independent of donor quality. Machine perfusion use decreased, whereas reliance on virtual cross-match increased, which was associated with shorter CIT.

Conclusions

Early trends after KAS250 show an increase in transplant access to patients with cPRA>80% and those with longer dialysis duration, but this was accompanied by an increase in CIT and a suggestion of worsening kidney discards.
Liselere Geçiş Sınavı Türkçe Sorularının PISA Okuma Becerileri Yeterlilik Düzeyleriyle Uyumluluk Durumu
Authors: CALP Mehrali , KALKAN Mehmet
Published: October 2022

Liselere Geçiş Sınavı Türkçe sorularının niteliğinin PISA (Program International Student Assessment) okuma becerileri yeterlilik düzeyine göre belirlenmesi, sürdürülecek öğrenme ve öğretme süreci bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 2019 Liselere Geçiş Sınavı Türkçe sorularının PISA Okuma Becerileri Yeterlilik Düzeyleriyle hangi derecede örtüştüğünün belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere çalışma nitel araştırma desenlerinden betimsel tarama desenine göre tasarlanmıştır. Verilerin doküman incelemesi tekniği ile toplandığı bu çalışmada betimsel analize başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde, araştırmacı ve uzman görüşlerine göre; 2019 LGS Türkçe sorularında PISA Okuma Becerileri Yeterlilik Düzeylerinden 1c, 1b, 1a düzeyleri ile ilişkili sorulara az yer verildiği; 2. düzeyde 6 uzmanın 3 soruda; yine 2. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 7 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları; 3. düzeyde 7 uzmanın 1 soruda; yine 3. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 2 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları; 4. düzeyde uzmanların görüş birliğinin zayıf olduğu; 5. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 2 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları; 6. düzeyde 6 uzmanın 1 soruda; yine 6. düzeyde 5 uzmanın 3 soruda görüş birliğine vardıkları görülmektedir. 2019 LGS Türkçe sorularının önceki yıllarda yapılan sınavlara göre PISA Okuma Becerileri bakımından daha fazla düzeyi kapsadığı, soruların PISA testlerine yakın sorulardan oluştuğu ve bu durumun öğrencilerin üst düzey okuma becerilerine hazırlanmaları bakımından katkı sağlayacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Tribute to Charl Francois Hugo
Authors: Malan Frans R
Published: October 2022

Personal tribute to Charl Hugo by Frans Malan.