bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letramento nutricional de estudantes do ensino técnico e superior do interior do Ceará
Authors: Lima de Moura Abraão Bruno , Da Costa Silva Bruna Yhang , Lucena Davi Moura , Lima Mesquita Vitor
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar o grau de letramento nutricional (LN) de estudantes do ensino técnico e superior e comparar o nível de LN de estudantes da área de saúde com o de estudantes de outras áreas. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e analítico, realizado de novembro de 2018 a março de 2019. Para avaliar o grau de letramento, foi utilizada a ferramenta Newest Vital Sign (NVS), na versão traduzida para o português do Brasil. Participaram do estudo 289 estudantes, dos quais 38,75% pertenciam ao gênero masculino e 61,25% ao sexo feminino. Tinham média de idade de 22,62 anos (DP= 4,55). Resultados: Quanto ao grau de letramento, 48,44% dos estudantes apresentaram LN adequado; 25,26% LN com possibilidade de limitação; e 26,30% LN com alta probabilidade de limitação. Estudantes da área da saúde obtiveram 70,83% de grau de LN adequado e estudantes de outras áreas, 41,01%. Conclusão: Os estudantes tiveram adequado letramento em nutrição. Discentes que estudam na área da saúde obtiveram melhor resultado, quando comparados com os de outras áreas.
Avaliação da acessibilidade aos serviços de atenção primária à saúde na perspectiva dos profissionais
Authors: Sousa Ana Inês , Santos Ludmilla Barbosa Bonfim dos , Souza Maria Helena Do Nascimento , Paixão Tatiana Monteiro da , Farias Sheila Nascimento Pereira de
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: avaliar, sob a ótica do profissional, a acessibilidade à atenção primária à saúde pela população coberta pela Estratégia Saúde da Família no município do Rio Janeiro, Brasil. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 349 profissionais de equipes de saúde da família. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o questionário Primary Care Assessment Tool PCATool. Resultados: o indicador de acessibilidade não foi bem avaliado. O período de funcionamento da unidade, a não disponibilidade de profissional para dar orientações por telefone ou para prestar assistência quando o serviço está fechado e o tempo de espera para o usuário ser atendido, foram relatados como insuficientes. Conclusão: tais resultados mostram as fragilidades na rede de atenção primária à saúde no que tange a garantia do acesso da população aos serviços e a possibilidade dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família prestarem um cuidado integral e resolutivo.
Adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario de cultura preventiva Organizational Performance Metric
Authors: Aquino Linares Nieves , Carmona Falder Salvador , Moreno-Sueskun Iñaki , Díaz González Jorge Alberto , López Jacob María José
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Los Indicadores Positivos de Esfuerzo Preventivo (IPEP) reflejan aspectos centrales de la cultura preventiva; existen evidencias respecto a la validez predictiva de algunos de estos respecto a los accidentes de trabajo. Éste es el caso del Organizational Performance Metric (OPM) desarrollado por el Institute for Work & Health (IWH) de Canadá, cuestionario en inglés, corto y ampliamente validado internacionalmente. El objetivo es obtener una versión adaptada transculturalmente de la herramienta OPM, traducida al castellano y analizar su fiabilidad estadística, validez y consistencia interna.

Método: Tras un proceso de traducción y retro traducción con un panel de expertos, se cumplimentaron en Navarra, España, 478 cuestionarios. Se calculó el estadístico alfa de Cronbach, las correlaciones bivariadas, el índice de correlación intraclase (ICC) y un análisis factorial exploratorio a los ocho ítems que lo forman.

Resultados: el análisis muestra una alta fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach=0,863) y validez interna (ICC=0,842) de la herramienta. El análisis factorial confirma un único factor latente entre los ocho ítems del cuestionario.

Conclusiones: El cuestionario obtenido (OPM-Esp) constituye un instrumento válido como indicador positivo de esfuerzo preventivo para las empresas españolas. Su reducido tamaño y fácil aplicación lo hacen especialmente útil en el ámbito laboral. Su predictibilidad respecto a los accidentes de trabajo deberá valorarse para el entorno español.
La formación de Enfermería del Trabajo
Authors: González Caballero Javier
Published: October 2020

La enfermería del trabajo cuenta con una extensa trayectoria en el ámbito de la atención especializada por su formación específica y presencia en los centros de trabajo. Aunque el proceso de adquisición de competencias profesionales admite distintas particularidades en el ámbito de la Unión Europea, se invita a una revisión periódica con el fin de consolidar una disciplina que proporcione unos cuidados a la población laboral basados en la mejor evidencia científica disponible.
The mental health burden of COVID-19 on cardiac healthcare workers and their patients
Authors: Murphy Barbara M , Higgins Rosemary O , Jackson Alun C
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is taking a toll on the healthcare workforce across the world and, with many health professionals experiencing high levels of exposure to the coronavirus, the rate of infection among healthcare workers is high. Documented mental health effects on these workers are also concerning, with higher-than-usual levels of acute stress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, depression and sleep disorders, particularly insomnia. Cardiac patients are particularly vulnerable, and health professionals caring for this group face additional stresses. This article provides an overview of the mental health impacts of the pandemic on healthcare workers, with an emphasis on those working in hospital settings and in cardiac care, as well as on the patients for whom they care. The specific impacts of COVID-19 are also discussed, as well as associated social restrictions on cardiac patients, both during hospitalisation and early recovery, and in terms of long-term risks. Strategies are proposed that healthcare workers can adopt to help preserve and improve their coping and enhance their resilience as they work through this unprecedented and unpredictable pandemic.
Highlighting the latest research: October 2020
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: October 2020

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Deep learning approaches for segmenting Bruch’s membrane opening from OCT volumes
Authors: Sułot Dominika , Alonso-Caneiro David , Iskander D. Robert , Collins Michael J.
Published: October 2020

Automated segmentation of the eye’s morphological features in OCT datasets is fundamental to support rapid clinical decision making and to avoid time-consuming manual segmentation of the images. In recent years, deep learning (DL) techniques have become a commonly employed approach to tackle image analysis problems. This study provides a description of the development of automated DL segmentation methods of the Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) from a series of OCT cross-sectional scans. A range of DL techniques are systematically evaluated, with the secondary goal to understand the effect of the network input size on the model performance. The results indicate that a fully semantic approach, in which the whole B-scan is considered with data augmentation, results in the best performance, achieving high levels of similarity metrics with a dice coefficient of 0.995 and BMO boundary localization with a mean absolute error of 1.15 pixels. The work further highlights the importance of fully semantic methods over patch-based techniques in the classification of OCT regions.
The effect of news consumption on fake news efficacy
Authors: Chan-Olmsted Sylvia , Qin Yufan Sunny
Published: October 2020

The increasing use of social media has led to the growing reliance of social media as a news source. The viral nature of social platforms inevitably elevates the viral impact of fake news. As both academia and practitioners touted media literacy as a means of combating fake news or misinformation, little is known about the nature of relevant efficacies. Existent literature points to the plausible contribution of media consumption, self-efficacy of fake news and perceived impact of fake news in this process. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between consumers’ news consumption, such as fake news experiences/perceptions, news sources and news consumption motives; and fake news perceptions like self-efficacy and impacts. This study conducted an online survey to examine the proposed hypotheses and research questions. The findings suggest that consumers’ previous experiences and consumption motives are connected with their perceived effects and efficacy of fake news. In addition, different news sources (i.e. mainstream media and social media) exert diverse effects on fake news self-efficacy.
Re-inscribing the value of craft in times of dictated obsolescence
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Alvelos Heitor
Published: October 2020

This article introduces a design research mediation project, Anti-amnesia, that explores various connotations of ‘wealth’ as embedded in the material culture and human narratives surrounding traditional crafts in Portugal. The project argues that ‘wealth’ is undergoing a process of signification that is semantically reductive, being brought to tacitly invoke monetary gain rather strictly, if on an underwritten basis, and this is bearing an adverse effect in terms of perceptions towards other consequential but intangible values related to craft practices. In this regard, it presents the case of traditional Azulejos tilemaking, a long-established cultural archetype in Portugal, whose original technique is on the brink of dissipation due to the emergence of newer manufacturing and architectural paradigms. The article respectively reviews the actions of a collaborative initiative Azulejos do Porto that is focusing on the craft’s reanimation through making creative connections between culture and community development. The article correspondingly presents a case for design research and pedagogy to establish long-term hands-on collaboration with such restorative initiatives that are oriented towards traditional making. The project conjectures that the resulting interknowledge can reveal complementarities between all stakeholders: which can be tactical towards addressing critical issues that are affecting traditional crafts’ relevance to contemporaneity; provide suitable conditions for an extended evaluation of crafts’ multifaceted nature in terms of value to culture and society and can connect newer generations of creatives to their making heritage, thereby ensuring a continuity of specialized know-how.
Stencils: Past, Present, and Crass!, Dave King (2020)
Authors: Cross Rich
Published: October 2020

Stencils: Past, Present, and Crass!, Dave King (2020)

Berkeley and Los Angeles: Gingko Press and Kill Your Idols, 200 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-58423-720-4, p/bk, $35.00
Warhol: A Life as Art, Blake Gopnik (2020)
Authors: Finbow Steve
Published: October 2020

Warhol: A Life as Art, Blake Gopnik (2020)

London: Penguin UK, 976 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-24100-338-1, h/bk, £35.00
When Midnight Comes Around, Gary Green (2020)
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: October 2020

When Midnight Comes Around, Gary Green (2020)

London: Stanley/Barker, 72 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-91328-807-5, p/bk, £25.00
Young Punks, Sheila Rock (2020)
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: October 2020

Young Punks, Sheila Rock (2020)

London: Omnibus, 288 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-91317-215-2, h/bk, £25.00
Advices for an Emperor: Commentary Essay
Authors: Citro Serena
Published: October 2020

Plutarch dedicates the collection of the Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata to Trajan, illustrating the reason why it was prepared, that is, giving the opportunity to those who, like the emperor, are burdened by many tasks, to know the personality traits of outstanding men of the past by reading short anecdotes. And it is important that the knowledge of the characters is conveyed by the sentences and sententious words that they have pronounced spontaneously and with frankness, for the fact that they are like an instantaneous and unmediated revelation of their soul, while the actions do not fully represent the fulfillment of their intentions because of the τύχη.
Alexander philosopher-king: from Philosophy to action
Authors: Liparotti Renan Marques
Published: October 2020

Plutarch, in his Life of Alexander and his speeches On the Fortune or Virtue of Alexander the Great, draws a portrait of a philosopher-king, inspired by Plato, Aristotle and Diogenes’ philosophies. This paper aims to analyse the dialogues between these philosophers and Alexander and to scrutinise the Macedonian’s political path whereby philosophical ideals were put in action. This study, therefore, may suggest that whilst in the encomiastic speeches Plutarch draws a king, enlightened by Philosophy, who made happier «all the inhabited earth», in the biography, contradictions of imposing a ‘blessed life’ are unveiled.
Afetividade na Educação: Relação Professor-Aluno, Contribuições para o Ensino Aprendizagem / Affectivity in Education: Teacher-Student Relationship, Contributions to Teaching and Learning
Authors: Porto Romenia Alves Ferreira , Calou Antônio Leonardo Figueiredo , Leandro Cícera Cláudia Gomes Bitu , Bezerra Martha Maria Macêdo
Published: October 2020

O problema levantado neste trabalho tem como objetivo, provocar, analisar e repensar a prática pedagógica no processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como a relação no âmbito escolar especificamente entre professor/aluno/escola. Fundamentado pelo encontro da psicologia com a educação, compreendida por meio da leitura de alguns/mas autores/as de destaque nessa intercomunicação, esta pesquisa buscou – discutindo esse referencial – encontrar caminhos para a melhoria na dinâmica em sala de aula, refletindo a boa convivência entre educandos e educadores. A metodologia que conduz essa busca, se caracteriza por uma revisão bibliográfica, onde foi possível selecionar algumas obras bibliográficas que tratam do tema afetividade e sua importância no processo formativo cognitivo e social dos educandos. Ao final do presente trabalho pode-se considera de sua reflexão que, a afetividade é um dos principais elementos da inteligência, pois trata-se de uma necessidade da vida social pressuposta no desenvolvimento do aluno, podendo determinar seu sucesso, e/ou também, o seu fracasso, tendo em vista alguns modos de criação que individualizam o educando, como no caso da superproteção dos pais. Foi possível considerar também que, o professor como o principal mediador do universo do alunado com a gestão escolar é a ferramenta primordial nesta gestão descentralizada que se aprimora a cada dia no âmbito educacional primário.
Evolução Histórica dos Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e Questões Associadas no Brasil /
Authors: Farias Alanna Larisse Saraiva de , Soares Júnior Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2020

os direitos das pessoas com deficiência começaram a evoluir no sentido de buscar a incorporação e efetivação do direito à vida com qualidade, à igualdade formal e material, bem como outros direitos fundamentais nos ordenamentos jurídicos das nações membros da ONU. Sob esse prisma, as pessoas com deficiência, antes concebidas como inválidas e merecedoras de uma proteção meramente assistencialista, começaram a integrar um conjunto de ações voltadas a viabilizar o acesso a direitos fundamentais. Este estudo discute a evolução histórica sobre os direitos das pessoas com deficiência e as questões associadas no Brasil. Os resultados apontam que  o Modelo Social da Deficiência, que tem como fundamento a interação plena entre a pessoa com deficiência e a sociedade na qual deve ser inserida, partindo-se da premissa de que o meio social deve ser adaptado, quando necessário, para integrar essas pessoas de forma adequada, enxerga a deficiência como uma questão a ser enfrentada pela sociedade e, não mais como um problema da pessoa deficiente como outrora ocorria. Portanto, a sociedade demanda por Políticas Públicas que ofereçam suporte social para esta categoria de indivívuos possam gozar de todo aparato social enquanto cidadãos.
Importância do Farmacêutico na Avaliação dos Riscos e Benefícios da Prescrição Off Label / Importância do Farmacêutico na Avaliação dos Riscos e Benefícios da Prescrição Off Label
Authors: Andrade Lucas De Moraes , Coelho José Leonardo Gomes , Rangel Francisca Eritânia Passos , Saraiva Emanuela Machado Silva , Borges Karla Deisy Morais , Santana Willma José de
Published: October 2020

O presente comment pretende avaliar a importância do farmacêutico na avaliação dos riscos e benefícios na prescrição off Label. todavia, esse estudo foi realizado apartir de artigos publicados em bases de dados e endereços eletrônicos de acesso livre e gratuito: Scielo, PubMed, que tratassem do tema referente e publicados desde o ano de 2016 a 2020. A metodologia aplicada foi a reflexão sobre a importância do farmacêutico no acompanhamento do paciente, junto ao prescritor, obter uma terapia eficaz. Os resultados demonstraram que o farmacêutico é imprescindível no acompanhamento e na orientação dos pacientes que fazem uso de fármacos off Label, assim como é necessário a adequada formação desse profissional sobre a temática.
Como nasce uma patroa? Problematizações autoetnográficas dos privilégios interseccionais de classe, raça e gênero / How is a boss born? Self-ethnographic problems of intersectional privileges of class, race and gender
Authors: Vasconcelos Francileuda Farrapo Portela e , Moura Junior James Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Esse trabalho, desdobramento dos meus estudos de mestrado em Psicologia, busca problematizar as marcas subjetivas de privilégio que contribuem para o surgimento de uma patroa (enquanto experiência relacional) como lugar de mando, na relação com trabalhadoras domésticas, tomando como pressupostos os marcadores de raça, de classe e de gênero.  É um trabalho autoetnográfico, onde busco me aproximar do fenômeno da relação patroa-empregada a partir dos perpasses da minha história pessoal de vida, quando pensada e sentida por inúmeras memórias que trago.  No caminhar deste trabalho, numa necessária desobediência epistêmica, que questiona as regras, a cultura, a religião, as (des)atitudes, pude identificar os marcadores de privilégios, me permitindo (re)pensar o meu lugar  na relação de mulher patroa e percorrer um caminho construído por atitude decoloniais frente a minha própria história.
O Estresse em Estudantes Universitários: Comparação entre o Ensino Presencial e a Distância: Uma Revisão da Literatura / Stress in University Students: Comparison between in Presence and Distance Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Costa Cássia Lima , Guidetti Vitória Thomazelli , Reis Leonardo Frasson dos , Querobino Samyr Machado
Published: October 2020

O estresse acadêmico tem sido uma preocupação atual, uma vez que estudantes universitários são expostos rotineiramente a situações desafiadoras em seu processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. A complexidade dos cursos e a transição e adaptação por um novo momento acadêmico pode levar ao estresse e, consequentemente, a repercussões cognitivas negativas, além das repercussões físicas e emocionais. Estressores crônicos contribuem para um estado de exaustão do organismo, colocando em risco a homeostase como um todo. A expansão da educação a distância (EAD) tem sido responsável por uma revolução no campo educacional, visto que proporciona maior acesso com menos uso de recursos, no entanto não há relatos sobre a percepção do estresse em estudantes da modalidade a distância. Tendo em vista esse cenário, o presente trabalho comparou o índice de estresse em estudantes universitários regularmente matriculados em uma instituição de ensino regular em relação a alunos de uma instituição de ensino a distância através de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com delineamento amostral não-probabilístico em forma de três questionários (estresse percebido, situação socioeconômica e qualidade de vida) aplicados a alunos de uma instituição presencial e a alunos de uma instituição de educação a distância. Os resultados sugerem que não há diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos níveis de percepção do estresse entre as modalidades, porém há diferenças nas pontuações de qualidade de vida e o nível de estresse no sexo feminino é maior do que no sexo masculino. Mulheres também demonstraram menores níveis de qualidade de vida. Em relação ao perfil socioeconômico, houve diferença em relação a atividade remunerada, a renda mensal e faixa etária dos participantes.
Indicações Terapêuticas para freio lingual em recém-nascidos – Protocolo/Teste da Linguinha: Revisão de Literatura / Therapeutic indications for tongue frenulum in newborns – Protocol/TongueTest: Literature Review
Authors: Araújo Larissa Miranda , Pinchemel Edite Novais Borges
Published: October 2020

Resumo: A anquiloglossia é uma anomalia do desenvolvimento caracterizada por um freio lingual curto, impedindo o livre movimento lingual, desencadeando interferências em suas funções. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar através de uma revisão de literatura as implicações clínicas dessa anomalia em neonatos e as diferentes opiniões dos profissionais em relação a seu diagnóstico e indicações terapêuticas. Metodologia: Foi utilizado o método de pesquisa bibliográfico e realizado um estudo exploratório, por meio da análise científica da base de dados Scielo, Pubmed e Lilacs, sendo selecionados os artigos do idioma português e inglês, entre os anos de 2009 a 2020. Resultados: É notório a diversidade de dúvidas em se tratando de anomalias do freio, diante disso, há uma necessidade de maiores estudos acerca da anquiloglossia e seu encadeamento com recém-nascidos, visando uma melhor qualidade de vida do neonato e da mãe.
Educação Inclusiva e o Papel do Professor / Inclusive Education and the Role of the Teacher
Authors: Brito Jaíne Da Silva , Teixeira Verônica Rejane Lima
Published: October 2020

Resumo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo focar nas necessidades da educação inclusiva com o propósito de analisar as leis que favorecem os direitos das pessoas que possui qualquer tipo de deficiência, a participarem do ensino regular como observa o artigo 28 da LBI, no qual no passado não tinha essa circunstância, pois as pessoas que tinham alguma imperfeição, eram excluídas da sociedade por serem consideradas como incapazes e débeis. Atualmente há leis que defendem o direito dessas pessoas no ensino regular, no qual se tem a capacidade de se desenvolver em meio a outros que não tenham deficiência alguma, e sobretudo é estimulado a prática de respeito as diferenças tratando assim a inclusão entre todos. Além de serem introduzidas no ensino regular, esses alunos são acompanhados pelo atendimento especializado com um profissional bem qualificado para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dessas pessoas. Para que isso ocorra de forma satisfatória tanto para o aluno, como para esse profissional, é preciso que as instituições públicas possam possibilitar formações continuadas para que esses profissionais se sintam seguros ao trabalhar com esse público alvo, podendo assim aplicar práticas de ensino  que tenham resultados positivos no desenvolvimento de cada aluno pois cada ser tem seu tempo de aprender tanto pessoas com deficiência como pessoas que não possuem qualquer deficiência porque o meio intelectual de um ser para outro é bastante variável. Está pesquisa bibliográfica ressaltou assuntos importantes, dos quais foram necessários e vantajosos para a instrução sobre a educação inclusiva e a relevância do papel do professor.
Aderência às Normas e Práticas Contábeis no Terceiro Setor: Análise de Entidades Pernambucanas / Adherence to Accounting Standards and Practices in the Third Sector: Analysis of Entities in Pernambuco Region
Authors: Almeida Paulo Giovane Ximenes Bandeira de , Correia José Jonas Alves , Amurim Aldir Dias de , Gomes Filho Antoniel Dos Santos
Published: October 2020

Resumo: As Organizações Não Governamentais fazem parte de um setor da sociedade que exercem um papelrelevante economicamente. É por meio deste setor que a parte menos favorecida da população (que não dispõede recursos financeiros suficientes para alcançar determinados tipos de serviços), são assistidos. O objetivo dapesquisa é identificar o grau de aderência às normas e práticas contábeis de Organizações Não Governamentaispernambucanas, por meio de sua conformidade com a Instrução Técnica Geral ITG 2002 (R1), com o intuito deesclarecer o panorama do real cenário do setor no Estado. Para realizar o estudo descritivo, utilizou-se o métodosurvey, onde foram estudadas 12 entidades sem finalidade de lucros, sendo a amostra determinada pelo métodonão probabilístico bola de neve, cujo instrumento de coleta foi o questionário. A pesquisa demonstrou que, asentidades estudadas não aderem em sua totalidade ao que é estabelecido pela ITG 2002 (R1), e em sua maioriaapresentam um grau intermediário quanto ao cumprimento do normativo, e ainda que, nenhuma organizaçãoconseguiu atingir um nível de aderência integral da norma.
O Letramento e a Alfabetização no Ensino Fundamental: Anos Iniciais nas Escolas Públicas Joaquim Tavares de Sá e José Martinho de Sá em Verdejante – PE / Lettering and Literacy in Fundamental Education: Initial Years in Public Schools Joaquim Tavares de Sá and José Martinho De Sá in Verdejante /PE
Authors: Silva Milene Iraneide Da , França Aurenia Pereira de , Sousa Maria do Socorro Cordeiro de
Published: October 2020

Resumo: O artigo em pauta busca desenvolver a temática do letramento e alfabetização no ensino fundamental – anos iniciais na escola pública Joaquim Tavares de Sá e José Martinho de Sá em Verdejante-PE. Cujo objetivo é analisar o desempenho dos alunos no Ensino Fundamental – Anos Iniciais, na perspectiva do letramento, tendo como premissa básica a leitura e a escrita em relação a compreensão dos mesmos nos contextos sociais. O estudo diz respeito aos conceitos, metodologias e estratégias de ação no processo de leitura e escrita dos estudantes, na perspectiva de contribuir para sanar as lacunas existentes com foco no letramento como prática social. A metodologia adotada será de caráter qualitativo e procedimento monográfico (estudo de caso), através de um questionário aplicado à duas professoras da Educação Básica, contendo 04 perguntas e suas respectivas respostas, que serão apresentadas e analisadas a luz das práticas sociais. Contudo, com o apoio familiar, é possível chegar perto do desejável que é o ensino e a aprendizagem com sucesso. Com base nisso, constatou-se que letrar vai além do ler e escrever, onde é necessário interagir com a leitura e a escrita dentro e fora do contexto escolar, de modo a cumprir as exigências da sociedade atual.
Beyond Discipline: Evolving Design Practice and Design Education in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Furniss Lara , Deeg Lohren , Metz Taylor , Tursky Richard
Published: October 2020

Since 2000, design practice in the UK has changed dramatically. Boundaries between design disciplines have dissolved, and many contemporary design studios now defy classification. These studios are reconfiguring the design landscape, yet a uni-disciplinary structure still dominates undergraduate education. This is creating a disconnection between practice and education and posing critical questions for the current design education system. This article outlines the findings of a PhD research study exploring this disconnection, and although situated within the UK, the findings have international relevance. An initial scoping exercise draws on interviews with leading commentators from the UK design sector, examining the evolution of design practice over the past 10 years, and possible future directions for undergraduate education. Findings highlight that UK policy for creative education has placed undergraduate design courses in potential crisis. Arguably, the current university system for design education is outdated. It is now necessary to redefine the skills and processes twenty-first-century designers need. The body of the research is situated within five internationally renowned creative studios which defy classification. In-depth ethnographic studies cross-analyse the creative processes of these studios and their views on education. Findings identify key components of each studio’s processes, while also exploring studio members’ educational experiences, and reflections on future implications for pedagogy. This article argues that this growing disconnect between practice and education calls for existing pedagogic models to be challenged, proposes alternative approaches and highlights the need for policymakers, practitioners and educators to work together to best prepare young designers to meet today’s challenges.
Factors that influence the employability of National Certificate (Vocational) graduates: The case of a rural TVET college in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Authors: Mabunda Nduvazi O , Frick Liezel
Published: October 2020

Enhancing the employability of National Certificate (Vocational) NC(V) graduates in South Africa is important. If NC(V) graduates are not employable, this has a negative impact on both the local economy and the future prospects of these young adults. Yet, national data show high youth unemployment rates which includes those with NC(V) qualifications. The factors that influence the employability of these graduates – particularly in the rural areas of South Africa – are not well documented. This study therefore explored the factors that influence NC(V) graduates’ employability by means of a case study at a rural TVET college in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The case focused on recent NC(V) graduates’ perceptions of their own employability and also on input from lecturers in selected NC(V) programmes and potential employers in the study area. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The findings indicate that negative stakeholder perceptions exist about the employability of NC(V) graduates in the study context, which was a major factor in determining these graduates’ employment prospects. Furthermore, there have been no attempts to strengthen relations between the particular vocational institution and the local employment industry included in the study. The TVET college was hampered by poor planning, while prospective employers had limited awareness of the NC(V) curriculum and its objectives. These factors underscore the dissatisfaction among rural stakeholders with the employability of NC(V) graduates in the study context.
Experiences of women students in Engineering studies at a TVET college in South Africa
Authors: Matenda Sophia
Published: October 2020

This article explores the experiences of women students in an Engineering programme at a South African technical and vocational education and training (TVET) college. Drawing on the capabilities approach as the study’s theoretical framework, the author interprets what women go through as they navigate college and transition into the labour market. While there is a growing literature on post-school education, particularly on TVET, few studies focus on the experiences of women students in traditionally male-dominated programmes such as Engineering. Furthermore, South African education and training policies since 1994 make reference to a commitment to resolving the inequalities under the previous apartheid government, specifically with regard to gender inequality. Through a case study approach, the research reported on in this article sought to understand how the democratic government’s commitment to social justice was being implemented and experienced on the ground, and, more particularly, whether it is improving the position of women students. Qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews were collected in two phases from 14 women in their final trimester of the National Accredited Technical Education Diploma (NATED) programme and about six months after that. The findings show that the students face various challenges while they persist with their education, and also in obtaining either internships or employment. By highlighting the experiences of women in TVET, it is hoped thatthis understanding will help to persuade the government to embrace social justice in the postschool sector so as to enhance the study and employment opportunities of women who enrol in Engineering.
PLANTER BOX RAINGARDEN FOR ZINC REMOVAL FROM STORM WATER
Authors: Ramezanianpour Mohammad , Levien Alex , Ritchie George
Published: October 2020

Urbanization creates problems for the natural water systems, such as an increase in run-off volume due to the impervious surfaces and a negative impact on groundwater recharge. These changes and exposure to contaminants such as suspended/dissolved solids and heavy metals severely degrade stormwater quality. In Christchurch, heavy metals such as zinc found in run-off, which is mainly sourced from galvanized roofing. The main idea of this research is to solve run-off issues at the source, along with the construction phase. This idea is aligned with the NZ's Unitary Plan to keep rainwater run-off after a new development equal or less than the run-off that occurred before the development. Different methods of treatment for roof run-off were evaluated in this research to propose a sustainable solution followed by an assessment. A multi-layered planter box raingarden was selected since it helps to landscape, improve water quality, and perform as an attenuation device. The research concentrated on maximizing water quality while maintaining a required flowrate. The planter box raingarden performed at a low vertical hydraulic conductivity rate of 164 mm/hr and achieved a high removal rate for heavy metals. The removal rate for dissolved zinc and total zinc was 99.7% and 99.1%, respectively. The results explained that the planter box raingarden performs well as an attenuation device while adsorb and filter contaminants remarkably.
CONTRACTS EVALUATION THROUGH CLASSIFIED REWORK ROOT CAUSES IN THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE OF PROJECTS
Authors: Asadi Ramin , Wilkinson Suzanne , Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele
Published: October 2020

Rework occurs across the life cycle of projects and has significant impacts on construction project performance. A rational approach to managing rework is by identifying the main sources of rework; then mitigation measures can be implemented to enhance performance on projects. Rework has been widely studied within the construction industry, but the link between rework and contract conditions remain unexplored. This study identifies and classifies the root causes of rework at the construction stage of projects. It then examines the relationship between the conditions of contracts with the identified root causes. A comprehensive list of rework root causes was determined through the review of literature, which was categorized into five classified factors. The classified factors include process, human resource, material/equipment, technical, and other related environmental and financial factors. The next step comprises a questionnaire survey designed to determine relationships between rework and contracts. The result of the study is presented descriptively for ease of understanding. The results show that rework could be managed more efficiently through contracting processes, which ultimately benefits construction projects’ performance.
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND BIM IN AECO SECTOR: A STATE OF THE ART
Authors: Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Locatelli Mirko , Seghezzi Elena
Published: October 2020

The research provides state-of-the-art theories, methods, and applications of Natural Language Processing in a BIM approach to define advantages, weaknesses, and potential developments. Traditionally, the design and construction process requirements are expressed through verbal qualitative evaluations instead of using numerical and structured data. Information modeling and management methods can hardly manage requirements expressed by means of qualitative and unstructured expressions. This paper aims to define the state of the art on Natural Language Processing applications for the numerical translation of basic design requirements in the AECO sector. The major advantages of this research would be the optimization and automation of numerical definition and validation of requirements in a structured data form. Structured data can, in fact, be easily managed in a BIM approach. NLP supporting information modeling methods allows the application of requirements engineering and management techniques to handle construction processes from a data-driven perspective. An investigation of the setting of a decision support system, based on NLP, for the definition and validation of requirements in the early stages of the construction process, is also provided as a potential further development.
REASONS FOR FAILURES IN INSPECTION REPORTS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDS
Authors: Tagiilima John , Rotimi Funmilayo Ebun
Published: October 2020

The construction of multi dwellings is currently a focus of the New Zealand government to address housing shortages. The intention is to build en masse whilst also keeping the buildings affordable. Affordability is not expected to compromise on quality and performance of new builds. New Zealand has a strict regime for building compliance, which helps to maintain standard of building performance. However, despite this, some buildings fail inspection during construction. There is limited understanding on the reasons for such failures. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a clear and concise understanding of why and how residential building inspections fail. The study investigates the reasons behind failed inspections by analyzing 146,000 inspection reports. The report used for the study cover January 2013 till June 2016. The data set was obtained from a major urban council in New Zealand. The results identified two key reasons for failed inspections. One is technical in nature and the other administrative, which both Council and builders must work collaboratively to achieve common compliance objectives. The study provides the construction industry with important insights into the reasons for failure of building inspections to serve as a preventative approach to non-achievement of expected residential building qualities.
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE WHEN TO ENGAGE PRE-CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
Authors: Botha Paul Stephanus , van der Walt Daniel Jacobus , Scheepbouwer Eric
Published: October 2020

The use of Pre-Construction Services (PCS) is becoming increasingly common internationally. What remains unclear is defining the optimal stage to engage it. This paper adopted complexity factors to find the optimal moment to engage in PCS. From literature, the factors: schedule-pressure, risk, financing, and technicality were adopted as factors of complexity. Understanding these factors for PCS can help the industry avoid costly PCS pitfalls of engaging in PCS too early or too late. With an online survey, a series of interviews and the analytical hierarchy process, this paper has weighed the above four factors for the key construction stakeholders. This paper concludes that schedule pressure is the most important factor, while technicality is the least important factor for deciding when to engage in PCS. Using these factors and respective weights, it is recommended that a tool be developed that can assist the industry in determining when to engage the contractor for PCS.
LONG-TERM PLANT-GROWING PERFORMANCE OF POROUS CONCRETE WITH VARYING AMOUNTS OF OYSTER SHELL AGGREGATE
Authors: Horiguchi Itaru , Mimura Yoichi
Published: October 2020

Oysters are produced in each district in Japan, and Hiroshima Prefecture is especially famous as a high producing district. Accordingly, the production of oysters has created oyster shells as a by-product. Oyster shell porous concrete (OyPoC) is porous concrete using crushed oyster shells as aggregates. In previous researches, it was found that OyPoC with finely crushed oyster shell had high plant-growing performance. However, all of the planting test periods were less than three months; the long-term plant-growing performance of OyPoC had not been clear. In this study, the plant-growing performance of OyPoC was investigated by conducting long-term planting tests over one year. OyPoC and hybrid porous concrete (HyPoC), which was combined with OyPoC and crushed stone porous concrete, were prepared for the planting tests. From the test results, the plant-growing performance of OyPoC was higher than that of HyPoC because OyPoC had much higher oyster shell aggregate than HyPoC. In contrast, there was a risk of the severe summer drought withering the grass on OyPoC and the watering in the summer was found to be important.
ENGINEERING PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS USING MODEL REDUCTION AND AUGMENTED RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: October 2020

Probabilistic analysis of practical engineering problems has long been based on traditional sampling-based approaches, such as Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) and gradient-based first-order and second-order methods. Since the finite element (FE) or other numerical methods are required to evaluate engineering system responses, such as forces or displacements, it is not efficient to directly integrate FE and sampling-based analysis approaches. Over the years, various approximate methods have been developed and applied to the reliability analysis of engineering problems. In this study, an efficient model reduction technique based on high-dimensional model reduction (HDMR) method has been developed using augmented radial basis functions (RBFs). The basic idea is to use augmented RBFs to construct HDMR component functions. The first-order HDMR model only requires sample points along each variable axis. The HDMR model, once created and used to explicitly express a performance function, is further combined with MCS to perform probabilistic calculations. As test problems, a mathematical problem and a 10-bar truss example are studied using the proposed reliability analysis approach. The proposed method works well, and accurate reliability analysis results are found with a small number of original performance function evaluations, i.e., FE simulations.
CONFINEMENT OF RC COLUMNS WITH CFRCM
Authors: Messerer Dennis , Holschemacher Klaus
Published: October 2020

Textile reinforced concrete is becoming increasingly important in construction. Besides the application in new constructions, textile reinforcement can be used for the strengthening of plain and reinforced concrete structures in the form of fabric reinforced cementitious matrices (FRCMs). An effective and promising application of FRCMs is the confinement of RC columns. Even though great research efforts have been carried out recently, there are still some discrepancies in current prediction models. This paper presents an extensive experimental study on concrete compression members confined with carbon fabric reinforced cementitious matrices (CFRCMs). The experimental program consists of specimens with varying geometries, concrete strengths, and strengthening systems. The investigations showed the importance of a precise determination of the FRCM’s material parameters. Furthermore, possible reductions of the FRCMs tensile strength due to the application in curved areas have to be taken into account. Finally, an empirical prediction model as well as recommendations for the experimental determination of the strengthening systems material properties and reduction factors is presented.
EFFECTS OF CONCRETE OVERLAY JOINT CONDITIONS AND STRAIN RATE ON SPLITTING TENSILE PROPERTIES
Authors: Sugimoto Keita , Nishiuchi Tatsuo
Published: October 2020

In Japan, design ground motion has increased due to the frequent occurrence of large earthquakes. To improve seismic performance, dams and spillway gate piers (hereafter, piers) are being reinforced. The methods used to strengthen them include concrete overlay, jacketing, etc. On their boundaries, there are concrete joints. These joints are designed as integrated bodies. However, although no accidents have been reported, the joints may be a weak point. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of concrete joint condition, assuming strengthening for dams and piers such as concrete overlay and jacketing. Dynamic splitting tensile tests of concrete specimens joining old and new bodies were conducted. In dynamic splitting tensile tests, the experimental parameters are the condition of joint surfaces in terms of strengthening and strain rate for earthquake ground motion. The conditions of joint surfaces are raw concrete surfaces, chipped surfaces, and surfaces with rebar insertion. Three cases of strain rate are considered, including a static case and two dynamic cases (about 1,000 μ/s and 10,000 μ/s). Test results showed all joint conditions caused a decrease in tensile strength. There was the effect of increasing tensile strength due to strain rate, regardless of joint condition. It was shown that concrete joints without adhesives might be weak points in reinforced structures.
VERIFICATION OF REPAIR PAINTING EFFECT OF CORRODED WEATHERING STEEL BY EXPOSURE TEST
Authors: Sugiyama Yuka , Aso Toshihiko , Imai Atsumi , Matsumoto Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

Weathering steel generates dense protective rust on the steel surface. Since this protective rust would reduce corrosion speed, weathering steel can be used without any painting. Furthermore, the Life Cycle Cost of unpainted steel bridges would be lower than ordinary painted steel bridges. Due to these advantages, many weathering steel bridges have been constructed in recent years. Unfortunately, the generation of anomalous rust has been reported in some bridges, cause of water leakage or deicer. It is necessary to repair these bridges, but the repair technique for corroded weathering steel has never been established yet. This study aims to clarify the effect of various repair painting for corroded weathering steel by performing an exposure test. The exposure test has been carried out from September 2015 to Okinawa and Yamaguchi. Test in Okinawa is supplied airborne salt, and the test in Yamaguchi is not supplied airborne salt. Specimens, which produced anomalous rust, were repaired by 19 methods and exposed. As a result, it is effective to repair by organic zinc-rich paint in the area with airborne salt. On the other hand, it is appropriate to remove rust and salt on the steel surface by blasting in the area which is not supplied airborne salt.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-RISE STRUCTURE USING ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER FLOOR SYSTEM
Authors: Ahmed Danish , Ayadat Tahar , Asiz Andi
Published: October 2020

The main objective of this paper is to study the structural performance of a high-rise structure when alternative lightweight material known as cross-laminated timber was used as a slab in floor system in lieu of conventional reinforced concrete slab. A numerical case study was conducted using a highly irregular RC frame building with its two 60-story towers joined at the top. Three major analyses were considered. First, modeling and analyzing the building with an RC slab was conducted to determine the design reference. Second, substituting the RC slab with the CLT slab was performed using the same building skeleton. Third, redesigning and optimizing the building skeleton with that CLT to observe skeleton material saving obtained using the same structural performance criteria. Major lateral loads applicable in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were inputted. Strengths and serviceability requirements for floor diaphragm and lateral load resisting system were checked first before performing a comparative analysis between traditional RC and CLT slabs as floor diaphragm. The structural performance criteria to be used for comparative study between RC and CLT slabs included total drift, inter-story drift due to lateral loads, and base reactions. Structural periods and acceleration responses for each floor were investigated and contrasted with the existing building code. The foundation demand was also investigated based on the structural weight and reactions generated from the RC and CLT floor systems.