bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Priority Setting, Cost-Effectiveness, and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Persad Govind
Published: June 2015

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) may be the most important health law statute in American history, yet much of the most prominent legal scholarship examining it has focused on the merits of the court challenges it has faced rather than delving into the details of its priority-setting provisions. In addition to providing an overview of the ACA's provisions concerning priority setting and their developing interpretations, this Article attempts to defend three substantive propositions.

First, I argue that the ACA is neither uniformly hostile nor uniformly friendly to efforts to set priorities in ways that promote cost and quality.

Second, I argue that the ACA does not take a single, unified approach to priority setting; rather, its guidance varies depending on the aspect of the healthcare system at issue (Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Medicare, essential health benefits) and the factors being excluded from priority setting (age, disability, life expectancy).

Third, I argue that cost-effectiveness can be achieved within the ACA's constraints, but that doing so will require adopting new approaches to cost-effectiveness and priority setting. By limiting the use of standard cost-effectiveness analysis, the ACA makes the need for workable rivals to cost-effectiveness analysis a pressing practical concern rather than a mere theoretical worry.
Do You Own Your 3D Bioprinted Body?
Authors: Harbaugh Jeremy Thomas
Published: June 2015

By the end of 2013, almost 122,000 organ transplant candidates in the United States remained active on the national waiting list. The current number of candidates exceeds 123,000. To address this overwhelming need, researchers have been exploring methods to supplement traditional organ donations. At the forefront of this research is regenerative medicine, the field of regenerating or replacing tissue and organ function by studying the body’s own healing mechanisms. Regenerative medicine is quickly fulfilling its promise of producing vascularized, functioning organs in vitro by combining two other areas of research: the replication of cell lines in vitro and the recent adaptation of three-dimensional printing for the health care industry. Today, physicians armed with the latest generation of bioprinters and imaging equipment are creating high-resolution airway splints and personalized bone replacements for human use. These techniques have even achieved success with more complicated structures, including human kidneys and livers.
The Medical Marijuana Catch-22
Authors: Campbell Alexander W.
Published: June 2015

As of April 2015, twenty-three states and the District of Columbia permit the therapeutic use of marijuana1 to treat various illnesses or conditions, with legalization statutes currently pending in eight other states. Despite the growing number of states that allow for the prescription and use of medicinal marijuana, the federal government still classifies the drug as a Schedule I controlled substance, the strictest classification of controlled substances and the only type healthcare providers may not legally prescribe. As states continue to deliberate the merits of allowing access to marijuana for therapeutic use, it is useful to examine the structural and political forces that have prevented a similar movement at the federal level. This Note does so, and argues that proactive changes—either legislative or administrative—are necessary to remove the handicap that the current regulatory system places on attempts to change federal marijuana policy.
An accurate toponym-matching measure based on approximate string matching
Authors: Kılınç Deniz
Published: June 2015

Approximate string matching (ASM) is a challenging problem, which aims to match different string expressions representing the same object. In this paper, detailed experimental studies were conducted on the subject of toponym matching, which is a new domain where ASM can be performed, and the creation of a single string-matching measure that can perform toponym matching process regardless of the language was attempted. For this purpose, an ASM measure called DAS, which comprises name similarity, word similarity and sentence similarity phases, was created. Considering the experimental results, the retrieval performance and system accuracy of DAS were much better than those of other well-known five measures that were compared on toponym test datasets. In addition, DAS had the best metric values of mean average precision in six languages, and precision/recall graphs confirm this result.
Do economic sanctions impair target economies?
Authors: Shin Geiguen , Choi Seung-Whan , Luo Shali
Published: June 2015

While the International Relations literature has long debated whether or not economic sanctions are an effective foreign policy tool, it neglects to empirically examine the damage sanctions impose on target economies. This study presents two theoretical explanations about the impact of sanctions on target countries’ economies, and collects extensive empirical data to test such theoretical connections in three areas: international trade; foreign direct investment; and foreign portfolio investment. A cross-national, time-series data analysis of 133 countries during the period from 1970 to 2005 reveals that regardless of the number of senders, the type of sanctions or the level of anticipated costs to the target and the sender, economic coercion damages none of the economic conditions of the target. This finding suggests that if the objective is to maximize economic pain in the sanctioned country, a sanctioning country should think twice before choosing economic coercion as its primary non-military strategy.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Systemic Propranolol in the Treatment of Airway Hemangiomas
Authors: Elluru Ravindhra G. , Friess Melanie R. , Richter Gresham T. , Grimmer J. Fred , Darrow David H. , Shin Jennifer J. , Perkins Jonathan A.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic propranolol in airway infantile hemangioma (AIH) treatment.

Design

Case series with chart review.

Participants

Patients with AIH treated with propranolol between 2009 and 2012 with at least a 1‐year follow‐up.

Outcomes

Presenting age, treating institution, syndrome presence, presenting AIH stage, endoscopy status, propranolol initiation location/dose/duration, time to stridor resolution, adjunctive medical and surgical therapy, and treatment‐associated complications.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients met inclusion criteria. Average age of diagnosis was 2.3 months (range, 1‐5 months). The AIHs were stage 1 in 7 of 27 (26%), stage 2 in 12 of 27 (44%), and stage 3 in 8 of 27 (30%). Propranolol initiation was inpatient in 25 of 27 (93%) and outpatient in 2 of 27 (7%). Propranolol dose was maintained at 2 mg/kg/d in all patients for a minimum of 7 months (range, 7‐34 months; median, 15 months). Stridor was eliminated within 24 hours or less of propranolol initiation in 23 of 27 (85%). At diagnosis, staging and propranolol initiation in 11 of 27 (41%) were managed with propranolol alone; the remaining 16 of 27 (59%) also had a steroid injection. The use of adjuvant therapy at the time of propranolol initiation and the size of the AIH were not statistically correlated. Twelve patients had additional treatments after the initiation of propranolol due to recurrence of respiratory symptoms, 1 of 27 (4%) of whom was considered a nonresponder. No complications related to propranolol use were noted.

Conclusions

This multisite study of AIH treatment with propranolol demonstrates similar effectiveness to surgical treatment modalities. Propranolol therapy for AIH had no complications, had potentially lower resource utilization, and should be considered a first‐line AIH treatment.
Expression of Apoptotic vs Antiapoptotic Proteins in Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Chul Won , Kim Kyung Rae , Tae Kyung , Kang Sung‐Ho , Oh Young Ha , Pyo Ju Yeon
Published: June 2015

Objectives

To explore the role of antiapoptotic and apoptotic processes in the development of cholesteatoma by investigating the expression of an antiapoptotic (c‐FLIP) and apoptotic (p53) protein relative to the expression of a proliferation marker (Ki‐67).

Study Design

Basic science study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

An immunohistochemical investigation was performed on 35 cholesteatoma specimens (21 acquired, 14 congenital) and 10 normal retroauricular skins to evaluate the expression of c‐FLIP, p53, and Ki‐67. The expression rate of each marker was measured to assess the difference between retroauricular skin and cholesteatoma, as well as between congenital and acquired cholesteatoma.

Results

c‐FLIP expression was significantly higher in the cholesteatoma specimens than in retroauricular skin (P <. 05), while the expression of p53 did not significantly differ between the two. Ki‐67 expression in cholesteatoma was significantly higher than in retroauricular skin (P <. 001). The c‐FLIP expression rate was positively correlated with that of Ki‐67 (r = 0.47, P =. 001), and there was no significant correlation between the expression level of p53 and that of Ki‐67 (r = 0.152, P =. 319). In addition, no differences in c‐FLIP, p53, and Ki‐67 expression rates were evident between congenital and acquired cholesteatoma.

Conclusions

The upregulation of c‐FLIP together with unchanged p53 suggests an altered equilibrium between apoptosis and antiapoptosis, favoring antiapoptosis, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.
Uniportal thoracoscopic management of middle lobe torsion after upper lobectomy
Authors: Acharya Metesh Nalin , Haqzad Yama Shoaib , Rao Jagan Nath , Socci Laura
Published: June 2015

Lobar torsion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication following pulmonary resection. Surgical management usually entails an exploratory thoracotomy and resection of the involved lobe if nonviable. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with right middle lobe torsion 5 days after thoracotomy and right upper lobectomy for squamous carcinoma of the lung. A thoracoscopic right middle lobectomy was successfully performed utilizing a single 4-cm port placed along the midaxillary line in the 5th intercostal space.
Production Line Balancing: Is it a Balanced Act?
Authors: Basu Sumanta , Shinde Abhishek , More Dileep
Published: June 2015

The current issue of Vikalpa carries a Management Case, ‘Production Line Balancing: Is it a Balanced Act?’ This Diagnoses features its analysis by Sumanta Basu.
Three-dimensional dynamic surface grasping with dry adhesion
Authors: Hawkes Elliot W. , Jiang Hao , Cutkosky Mark R.
Published: June 2015

Most robotic grasping research focuses on objects that are either not large in comparison to the gripper or have small graspable features; however, there are important applications that involve large flat or gently curved surfaces. Examples include robots that grasp the solar panels of space craft, handle large panels in manufacturing, or climb or perch on surfaces. We present a solution for grasping such surfaces consisting of groups of tiles coated with a controllable gecko-inspired adhesive. The tiles are loaded with two sets of tendons: one for distributing the forces evenly while grasping and the other for release. The gripper is passive and can attach and detach with little effort so that it does not disturb either the robot or the object to be grasped. The maximum gripping force in the normal direction can be over 1000 times greater than the required detaching force. The gripper is also fast, allowing a flying quadrotor to attach to a surface milliseconds after the tiles make contact. We present a model of the gripping mechanism and use the model to design the layout of the tiles to best support anticipated normal and tangential loads.
Can FLAIR hyperintense vessel (FHV) signs be influenced by varying MR parameters and flow velocities? A flow phantom analysis
Authors: Ahn Sung Jun , Lee Kyung-Yul , Ahn Sung Soo , Suh Hwal , Kim Bum-soo , Lee Seung-Koo
Published: June 2015

Background

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense vessels (FHVs) have been used to assess leptomeningeal collateral flow in acute ischemic stroke. However, prior FHVs studies showed inconsistent results, which may be ascribable to different magnetic resonance (MR) parameters used.

Purpose

To evaluate whether FHVs could be influenced by varying MR parameters and flow velocities, using a flow phantom.

Material and Methods

A total of 512 sets of FLAIRs were performed with varying parameters and flow velocities, using a flow phantom. Flow phantom was manufactured with 3.5% agarose solution, an 8-mm inner diameter silicone tube and non-pulsatile pump. Varying MR parameters were repetition time (TR)/inversion time (TI), echo time (TE), flip angle (FA) of refocusing pulse, and periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER). The signal intensity of flow were measured and regarded as the degree of FHVs. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between the degree of FHVs and varying MR parameters as well as flow velocities.

Results

On univariate analysis, PROPELLER technique (R2 = 0.448) demonstrated strongest correlation with the degree of FHV, followed by flow velocities (R2 = 0.204), FA (R2 = 0.126), and TE (R2 = 0.031), whereas TR/TI showed no significant correlations. On multivariate analysis, TE, FA, PROPELLER technique, and flow velocities were independent factors influencing the degree of FHVs (<0.001).

Conclusion

Flow velocities, FA of refocusing pulse, TE, and PROPELLER technique significantly affected the degree of FHVs. Optimized MR parameters should be used consistently in future studies, which may provide more reliable results.
Utility of the Instability Severity Index Score in Predicting Failure After Arthroscopic Anterior Stabilization of the Shoulder
Authors: Phadnis Joideep , Arnold Christine , Elmorsy Ahmed , Flannery Mark
Published: June 2015

Background:

The redislocation rate after arthroscopic stabilization for anterior glenohumeral instability is up to 30%. The Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) was developed to preoperatively rationalize the risk of failure, but it has not yet been validated by an independent group.

Purpose:

To assess the utility of the ISIS in predicting failure of arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization and to identify other preoperative factors for failure.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A case-control study was performed on 141 consecutive patients, comparing those who suffered failure of arthroscopic stabilization with those who had successful arthroscopic stabilization. The mean follow-up time was 47 months (range, 24-132 months). The ISIS was applied retrospectively, and an analysis was performed to establish independent risk factors for failure. A receiver operator coefficient curve was constructed to set a threshold ISIS for considering alternative surgery.

Results:

Of 141 patients, 19 (13.5%) suffered recurrent instability. The mean ISIS of the failed stabilization group was higher than that of the successful stabilization group (5.1 vs 1.7; P < .001). Independent risk factors for failure were Hill-Sachs lesion ( P < .001), glenoid bone loss ( P < .001), age <21 years at the time of surgery ( P < .001), age at first dislocation ( P = .01), competitive-level participation in sports ( P < .001), and participation in contact or overhead sports ( P = .03). The presence of glenoid bone loss carried the highest risk of failure (70%). There was a 70% risk of failure if the ISIS was ≥4, as opposed to a 4% risk of failure if the ISIS was <4.

Conclusion:

This is the first completely independent study to confirm that the ISIS is a useful preoperative tool. It is recommended that surgeons consider alternative forms of stabilization if the ISIS is ≥4.
Impact of genetic polymorphisms on paediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Patria Maria Francesca , Spena Silvia , Codecà Claudio , Tagliabue Claudia , Zampiero Alberto , Lelii Mara , Montinaro Valentina , Pelucchi Claudio , Principi Nicola
Published: June 2015

In order to investigate whether polymorphisms of genes encoding some factors of innate and adaptive immunity play a role in the development of, or protection against atopic dermatitis (AD) and condition its severity, we genotyped 33 candidate genes and 47 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Custom TaqMan Array Microfluidic Cards and an ABI 7900HT analyser (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The study involved 104 children with AD (29 with mild-to-moderate and 75 with severe disease; 42 girls; mean age ± SD, 5.8 ± 3.3 years) and 119 healthy controls (49 girls; mean age, 4.8 ± 3.0 years). IL10-rs1800872T, TG and MBL2-rs500737AG were all significantly more frequent among the children with AD ( P = 0.015, P = 0.004 and P = 0.030), whereas IL10-rs1800896C and TC were more frequent in those without AD ( P = 0.028 and P = 0.032). The VEGFA-rs2146326A and CTLA4-rs3087243AG SNPs were significantly more frequent in the children with mild/moderate AD than in those with severe AD ( P = 0.048 and P = 0.036). IL10-rs1800872T and TG were significantly more frequent in the children with AD and other allergic diseases than in the controls ( P = 0.014 and P = 0.007), whereas IL10-rs1800896TC and C were more frequent in the controls than in the children with AD and other allergic diseases ( P = 0.0055 and P = 0.0034). These findings show that some of the polymorphisms involved in the immune response are also involved in some aspects of the development and course of AD and, although not conclusive, support the immunological hypothesis of the origin of the inflammatory lesions.
Rapid identification of polystyrene foam wastes containing hexabromocyclododecane or its alternative polymeric brominated flame retardant by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Schlummer Martin , Vogelsang Jörg , Fiedler Dominik , Gruber Ludwig , Wolz Gerd
Published: June 2015

The brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) was added to Annex A of the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of the Stockholm Convention. Thus, production and use of HBCDD will be banned, and the recycling of HBCDD-containing foam waste will be restricted. In reaction a special polymeric brominated flame retardant (PolyFR) was developed to replace HBCDD in expanded and extruded polystyrene foams for building and construction applications. A decision has to be made at some future time whether expanded and extruded polystyrene foam waste is to be subjected to incineration (with HBCDD) or to recycling (without HBCDD). Therefore, an appropriate and rapid field method is required to distinguish between foams containing HBCDD and foams free from HBCDD.

Here we present a screening method for identifying HBCDD containing expanded and extruded polystyrene foams. The test principle is based on the fact that PolyFR (a brominated polymeric macromolecule) is not extractable whereas HBCDD (a low molecular weight substance) is extractable. Following rapid extraction of HBCDD the brominated flame retardant is identified and quantified via bromine analysis using a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument.

The method was applied successfully to 27 expanded and extruded polystyrene foam samples (foams and extruded polystyrene foam raw materials), which were provided without any information about the applied flame retardant. The presence of HBCDD was confirmed for all HBCDD-positive samples in the test. A robustness test revealed a high degree of correctness and a high repeatability for the test system: samples containing HBCDD and HBCDD-free samples were identified correctly with relative standard deviations of quantitative results below 14%. Moreover, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy test results agree well with HBCDD determinations performed in a laboratory with a gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionisation detector.
Nonprofit Organizations Serving Domestic Violence Survivors
Authors: Kapur Sonia , Zajicek Anna M. , Gaber John
Published: June 2015

Using interviews of 26 nonprofit domestic violence advocates, this article analyzes how South Asian–focused nonprofit organizations in the United States address the domestic violence–related intersectional needs of Asian Indian marriage migrants and the challenges they encounter in doing so. Our research indicates that these organizations offer services addressing a combination of structural and cultural needs that emerge from their clients’ social locations, but these organizations also encounter challenges in providing services targeting the specific subgroups of Asian Indian marriage migrants. To meet the intersectional needs of clients, there should be greater coalition-building within and between Asian Indian–focused and mainstream organizations.
Geopolitics of a Divided Europe
Authors: Orenstein Mitchell A.
Published: June 2015

Europe is again a divided continent. When it comes to governance, political economy, or values, two contrasting poles have emerged: one Western, liberal, and democratic, another Eastern, statist, and autocratic. The dividing line between them has become ever sharper, threatening to separate Europe into two distinct worlds. This new divide in Europe arises from a clash between two geopolitical concepts for the continent: One is the Western project of a “Europe whole and free,” an enlarging zone of economic cooperation, political interdependency, and democratic values. The other is the Russian project of a “Eurasian Union” to rival the European Union. This article shows how these two sides of Europe have grown further apart in their conceptions of the European space, their values, governance, and economic models. It explores the reasons for the belated Western responses to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s program to divide Europe. The Russo-Georgian war was a turning point, but the West took a long time to recognize the full implications of Putin’s policy. The current confrontation between Russia and the West is not exactly like the Cold War. Russia’s position is weaker. And the battle will be fought out primarily with economic instruments. However, it is clear that this conflict places Central and Eastern Europe back on the front lines of a divided Europe, raising any number of demons from the past.
Comparative Opportunities
Authors: Tucker Joshua A.
Published: June 2015

As the theoretical rationale (and funding opportunities!) for considering Eastern Europe as a distinct region diminish as we move farther away from the momentous events of 1989, the value of including East-Central European countries in comparative studies has only increased. This article outlines how comparative studies of political behavior involving East-Central European countries have evolved in the author’s own research from comparative studies including Russia along with four East European countries, to more broadly based comparative studies including multiple East European countries and former Soviet Republics, to studies where behavior is analyzed in both East European countries and more established democracies, and finally to large cross-national studies focused on questions related to post-communist politics (namely, the legacy of communism on post-communist attitudes and behavior) but relying on the comparative analysis of survey data from countries around the world. In a way, the research has come full circle, from studies of East European political behavior to better understand East European political behavior, to studies including East European countries to better understand general questions of political behavior not specific to post-communist countries, to now the most extensive comparative studies that are, however, designed once again to better understand East European political attitudes and behavior.
Three Generations of Research on Post Communist Politics—A Sketch
Authors: Ekiert Grzegorz
Published: June 2015

This essay outlines theoretical visions or paradigms that have underpinned empirical and historical work on the great transformation in Central and Eastern Europe. Such paradigms shaped “sociological imaginations” and analytical lenses through which scholars generated important questions and developed their research interests and projects. The study of post-communism was influenced by three such paradigms: the first focused on the immediate communist past as the main constraint on post-1989 transformations; the second attempted to transcend the specificities of post-communism and integrate the study of the region with the general comparative politics enterprise; and finally, the third signified the return to a disciplined exploration of historical and cultural contexts and their role in shaping the outcomes of transformations.
Assessing the Role of European Attitudes in Cross-National Research
Authors: Giurcanu Magda
Published: June 2015

How does Eastern Europe contribute to the debate over EU’s democratic deficit from an electoral perspective? Does Eastern Europe challenge our theoretical understanding of what motivates European citizens to participate and express their opinions in European Parliamentary elections? While there is no overarching consensus in the academic community regarding these questions, this essay aims to illustrate how a deeper understanding of one post-communist case and a bottom-up perspective on attitudes and political behavior in one locale, Romania, allowed the researcher to delve deeper into the taken-for-granted dynamics that European citizens from the South, East, and West engage in when voting in European Parliamentary elections. The approach of “ethnographic sensibility” mentioned in the workshop’s discussions and illustrated in several contributions to this volume (see e.g. Kubik 2013; Knott 2015) constitutes then a useful starting point in deconstructing conventional knowledge. Moreover, during the process of moving up the ladder of generality and building inferences from one case study to a region, Eastern Europe still shares enough characteristics to deserve its own dummy variable, so to speak, in large- N continent-wide analyses covering the 2004 and 2009 European Parliamentary (EP) elections. Yet, as Joshua Tucker (2015) mentions in his contribution, it is unclear whether the historical legacies discussed at the workshop and further elaborated on by Grigore Pop-Eleches (2015) will continue to play a role in a priori distinguishing Eastern Europeans’ political attitudes and behaviors from other EU citizens in the South or West in future EP elections.
Novel bismaleimide/diallylbisphenol A resin modified with multifunctional thiol containing isocyanuric ring and long-chain aliphatic unit
Authors: Ohtsuka Keiko , Kimura Hajime , Ikeshita Shinji , Nakao Hiroshi , Tsubota Shunsuke
Published: June 2015

4,4′-Diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BMI)/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (DABPA) resin was modified with a multifunctional thiol containing isocyanuric ring and long-chain aliphatic unit (tris[(3-mercaptopropionyloxy)-ethyl]-isocyanurate (TEMPIC)). To investigate the relationship of the curing reaction and properties of cured BMI/DABPA resin modified with TEMPIC, the temporal change in the functional groups during the curing reaction process was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared analysis. Despite the decreased cross-link density with increasing TEMPIC concentration, the glass transition temperature of BMI/DABPA resin was not decreased by modification with TEMPIC. The storage modulus of BMI/DABPA/TEMPIC resin maintained a value on the order of 109 Pa in the rubber region, which is similar to that of the unmodified resin. The fracture toughness and flexural strength were also improved by modification with TEMPIC. Moreover, the observation of the fracture surface of BMI/DABPA/TEMPIC resin using scanning electron microscopy showed a uniform structure with no phase separation. These results were consistent with the single α-relaxation peak in the loss tangent curve of the dynamic viscoelastic behavior.
Paleoecological perspectives on landscape history and anthropogenic impacts at Uivak Point, Labrador, since AD 1400
Authors: Roy Natasha , Woollett James , Bhiry Najat
Published: June 2015

Archaeological and paleoecological investigations were undertaken at Uivak Point (HjCl-09 located in Okak Bay, Labrador), a site that consists of a winter village comprising the ruins of nine sod houses and a number of tent ring, cache, and other structures. The site was occupied during the late 18th to early 19th centuries, although the immediate area has been used by many cultural groups spanning from Labrador’s early prehistory into the 20th century. Between ca. 3030 and ca. 710 cal. yr BP, cold and dry climate conditions corresponding to the late Neoglacial period generated the abundance of shrub tundra. From ca. 710 to ca. 550 cal. yr BP, conditions became warmer and wetter, triggering the expansion of trees. Since ca. 550 cal. yr BP, there has been an abundance of dry taxa which may reflect the colder conditions of the ‘Little Ice Age’. Subsequent climate warming has allowed the re-expansion of trees and shrubs over the last 200 years. Moreover, our results indicate that the Thule/Inuit harvested many plant species that grew in the vicinity of Uivak Point for food, raw material, and fuel. For example, many anthropogenic remains (burnt fat, burnt moss leaves, and charcoal) were incorporated into the soil. These activities also triggered the establishment of some weeds and apophytes ( Montia Fontana and Silene). Furthermore, our chronostratigraphical and paleoecological data suggest that the site was occupied on an irregular basis since approximately AD 1400.
Cultural Humility
Authors: Foronda Cynthia , Baptiste Diana-Lyn , Reinholdt Maren M. , Ousman Kevin
Published: June 2015

Diversity is being increasingly recognized as an area of emphasis in health care. The term cultural humility is used frequently but society’s understanding of the term is unclear. The aim of this article was to provide a concept analysis and a current definition for the term cultural humility. Cultural humility was used in a variety of contexts from individuals having ethnic and racial differences, to differences in sexual preference, social status, interprofessional roles, to health care provider/patient relationships. The attributes were openness, self-awareness, egoless, supportive interactions, and self-reflection and critique. The antecedents were diversity and power imbalance. The consequences were mutual empowerment, partnerships, respect, optimal care, and lifelong learning. Cultural humility was described as a lifelong process. With a firm understanding of the term, individuals and communities will be better equipped to understand and accomplish an inclusive environment with mutual benefit and optimal care.
Temperature dependence quasi-static measurements on a magnetorheological fluid having plate-like iron particles as dispersed phase
Authors: Laherisheth Zarana , Upadhyay Ramesh V
Published: June 2015

In this work, the field-dependent rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid system, featuring plate-like iron particles, at different magnetic fields in quasi-static mode are investigated using MCR 301 magnetorheometer at ambient temperature. At an intermediate field strength, static yield stress exhibits H1.5 dependency, eventually becoming field independent at higher field. Later on, the temperature-dependent properties are analysed at the different magnetic field intensities. Observational data are obtained from magnetic field ranging from 0.0 to 1.1 T and in the temperature range 30°C−120°C. It is noted that at low field strength, the static yield stress increases initially with temperature and decreases with further increase in temperature. A yield stress model is suggested based on the average normalized sensitivity and magnetic field to describe the measured variation in the magnetorheological fluid response at higher temperature. This information will be useful for predicting thermal sensitivity of device performance.
The Presence of Symptoms With Comorbid Conditions in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Newland Pamela K. , Lorenz Rebecca , Budhathoki Chakra , Jensen Mark P.
Published: June 2015

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience symptoms that impact comorbid conditions and quality of life (QOL). There is some evidence that symptom severity may vary in certain common health conditions in this population. We aimed to examine symptom severity in light of comorbid conditions commonly seen in individuals with MS ( N = 339). Using a cross-sectional Internet survey, we found there was a significant increase in symptom severity of common symptoms of fatigue, imbalance, and weakness, specifically with presence or absence of certain comorbid conditions (depression, arthritis, migraine headaches, coronary artery disease [CAD]). These findings endorse the presence of more severe symptoms with certain comorbid conditions compared with individuals with MS who do not report having comorbid conditions. The findings support the importance of symptom management in individuals with MS who also have comorbid conditions.
Adaptive Teaching for English Language Arts
Authors: Athanases Steven Z. , Bennett Lisa H. , Wahleithner Juliet Michelsen
Published: June 2015

Consensus exists that effective teaching includes capacity to adapt instruction to respond to student learning challenges as they arise. Adaptive teachers may keep pace with rapidly evolving youth literacies and students’ increasing cultural and linguistic diversity. Teachers are challenged to critically examine pedagogy when some contexts expect compliance with scripts and testing regimens and impede innovation. Recent research is building cumulative knowledge on adaptive teaching in literacy—its forms, purposes, and values. For preservice teachers (PSTs) still developing curriculum and routines, developing adaptive expertise is particularly challenging. The present study examined how, if at all, a data- based model of teacher inquiry in one teacher education program fostered adaptive teaching in grades 7-12 English language arts placements in mostly high poverty, highly diverse schools. The study examined 96 inquiries collected over seven years, plus PST questionnaires, memos, and discussions. PSTs overall worked with classroom data in ways that discerned patterns in student work and used findings to change the means by which their objectives could be met, through adapting literacy routines, materials, strategies, and activities. Adaptations were complex, not always effective, often challenging as PSTs weighed alternatives, tried to align adaptations with data, and worked to develop data-based rationales for instructional adaptations. Inquiry processes that supported PSTs in adaptive teaching included close examination of data, discovery and reflection, alignment of adaptations with data, and critique of adaptations. A disposition of flexibility supported the work. Findings contribute to literatures on adaptive literacy teaching and preservice teacher inquiry in English language arts.
Mixed lubrication analysis of modified cycloidal gear used in the RV reducer
Authors: Bo Wei , Jiaxu Wang , Guangwu Zhou , Rongsong Yang , Hongjun Zhou , Tao He
Published: June 2015

Based on the actual working condition of the cycloidal gear on the RV reducer, the maximum normal contact load of gear tooth and mesh tooth pair for varied quantity of plus equidistant modification and minus radial-moving modification were analyzed. By considering the macroscopic geometry, the contact load, and the real tooth surface roughness and transient effect of the contact area between pinwheel and cycloidal gear, a mixed lubrication model was established. The effects of normal load, curvature radius at the meshing point, fillet radius, as well as the speed on the lubrication condition were discussed. The results suggest that load, fillet radius, and speed have different degrees of influence on the lubricating conditions while the change of curvature radius in a small range has no significant effect on the lubrication, which also helps in the optimization of cycloidal gear tooth profile modification, therefore, to obtain better comprehensive performance of RV reducer.
Creating a state: A Kleinian reading of recognition in Zimbabwe’s regional relationships
Authors: Gallagher Julia
Published: June 2015

This article contributes to recent debates about mutual recognition between states, and, more broadly, to discussions of the role of emotion in International Relations. It challenges ‘moral claims’ made in some of the literature that interstate recognition leads to a progressive erosion of difference or a pooling of identity, and underlying assumptions that recognition constitutes a stage in the development of states that have already established internal coherence. Instead, it claims that processes of recognition are fractious and unstable, characterised by aggression and self-assertion, as well as affection and the creation of a ‘we-feeling’, and that such processes are an enduring feature of state identity. Using the case of Zimbabwe — a state that is clearly fractured, with an apparently insecure collective identity — the article explores how recognition both challenges and reinforces state selfhood through dynamics that are bumpy, intense and unstable. It moves on to develop a theoretical interpretation of these dynamics by drawing on the work of psychoanalyst Melanie Klein, showing links between individual psychic anxiety and collective need for a state that exists uneasily but inextricably in relation to others. The article concludes that international recognition works as a way both to establish and to challenge state coherence.
Staying Alive
Authors: Shildrick Margrit
Published: June 2015

The field of human organ transplantation, and most particularly that of heart transplantation where the donor is always deceased, is one in which the rhetoric of hope leaves little room for any exploration or understanding of the more negative emotions and affects that recipients may experience. Where a donated heart is commonly referred to as the ‘gift of life’, both in lay discourse and by those engaged in transplantation procedures, how does this imbricate with the alternative clinical term of a ‘graft’? For recipients of donor organs, the experience of living on in the face of otherwise certain death is fraught with complex emotions, not only about the self and the now dead other, but the persistence of the other within the self. In contrast to our expectations of the feel-good narrative of the gift of life, recipients are often significantly troubled by the aftermath of the procedure, which may fundamentally challenge notions of personal identity, as well as having deep implications for our understanding of the relation between death and ‘staying alive’. Drawing on recent research into heart transplantation, I shall theorise the field through a reflection – drawing on both Mauss and Derrida – on the meaning of the gift, before moving on to consider whether a Deleuzian approach to both the assemblage and the ‘event’ of death might offer a more productive framework.
The Bad Patient
Authors: Steinberg Deborah Lynn
Published: June 2015

Cancer has long been a cultural touchstone: a metaphor of devastation and a spectre of social as well as bodily anomie and loss. Yet recent years have witnessed significant transformations in perceptions of cancer, particularly in perceptions of the cancer patient. This paper is concerned with the ‘struggles of subjectivity’ emergent in this transvalued cancer culture. Explored from the standpoint of the ‘bad patient’, and drawing on media and cultural methodologies, the paper will consider the convergence of medicine, morality and popular iconography as they are embedded in the imageries, imaginaries and representational economies of the cancer culture industry. Of particular concern in this context are the (re)composures of the patient, as liminal figure, caught between clinical imperative and cultural fantasy.
Diagnoses have the greatest impact on variation in sick-leave certification rate among primary-care patients in Sweden: A multilevel analysis including patient, physician and primary health-care centre levels
Authors: Starzmann Karin , Hjerpe Per , Dalemo Sofia , Ohlsson Henrik , Björkelund Cecilia , Bengtsson Boström Kristina
Published: June 2015

Aims: The aims of this study were to determine and evaluate simultaneously the importance of factors known to influence sick-leave certification such as the sick leave–related diagnoses, the patients’ socio-economic status, and characteristics of the physicians. Methods: Computerised medical records from 24 public primary health-care centres (PHCC) were used in a multilevel logistic regression analysis at three levels: patients ( n=64,354; sex, age, socio-economic status, workplace factors and diagnoses), physicians ( n=574; sex and level of experience) and PHCC ( n=24). The variation of sick-leave certification at each level was the outcome. Results: Most of the variation was attributed to the patient level and only 3.5% to the physician and 1.2% to the PHCC levels. Among the patient characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses (mostly acute stress) had the highest odds ratio (OR) for sick leave (OR=16.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 15–17.2), followed by musculoskeletal diagnoses (OR=6.1; 95% CI 5.8–6.5). Other factors with increased OR were low education (OR=1.7; 95% CI 1.6–1.8), use of social allowance (OR=1.4; 95% CI 1.2–1.7) and certain workplaces (manufacture and health and social care). Being older was not associated with increased certified sick leave. Conclusions: The greatest variation in sick-leave certification rate was seen at the patient level, specifically psychiatric diagnoses. Socio-economic factors increasing the risk for sick-leave certification were education, social allowance and occupations in manufacture and caregiving. Understanding the impact of the different factors that influence certified sick leave is important both for targeted interventions in order to facilitate patients’ return to work.
Beer Availability and College Football Attendance
Authors: Chastain Aaron J. , Gohmann Stephan F. , Stephenson E. Frank
Published: June 2015

We examine the relationship between beer being sold at college football stadiums and both attendance and football revenue for 29 mid-major universities over the 2005-2012 period. Using both ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimation, no evidence that beer availability increases attendance or football revenue is found.
Virtual Warfare
Authors: Ballard Mary Elizabeth , Welch Kelly Marie
Published: June 2015

The popularity of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) has elicited concern that this is a context for cyberbullying. We used an online survey to examine the prevalence and types of cyberbullying in MMOG play and group differences in bullying behavior. Since most MMOGs are violent and research indicates that electronic mediums have high rates of bullying, we predicted that cyberbullying would be common in MMOG play. The participants ( N = 151)—a sample of self-selected MMOG players—frequently reported being cyber-victimized (52%) and engaging in cyberbullying (35%) during MMOG play. Rank was the most common motive for cyberbullying. We found that (a) males perpetrate more cyberbullying in MMOGs than females do; (b) heterosexuals perpetrate bullying at higher rates than lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) participants do; (c) female and LGBT participants experienced significantly higher rates of sexually related cyber-victimization; and (d) opponents are bullied more than teammates. Rates of victimization and perpetration overlapped substantially.
Temperature and moisture storage in crop-based materials: Modelling a straw bale wall subject to a thermal shock
Authors: Samuel Dubois , Arnaud Evrard , Christophe Blecker , Frédéric Lebeau
Published: June 2015

Modelling the hygrothermal behaviour of crop-based insulation products is essential to assess their impact on the energy performance of the building, predict indoor climate conditions, and prevent any risk of unexpected degradation. Traditionally, transient numerical models that predict internal conditions of construction materials consider that the variation of moisture storage with temperature is negligible although the sorption behaviour is known to be temperature dependent. This paper investigates this particular effect for crop-based materials and uses a refinement of standard mathematical representations. For this purpose, the effects of a thermal shock on the evolution of hygrothermal conditions inside a straw-bale wall are studied with several versions of a flexible research model. The latter is capable of incorporating the temperature dependency of the sorption curve with both a physically-based and an empirical description. A large climate chamber is used to gather experimental data and is able to host a full-size straw bale prefabricated panel. Internal conditions of straw bales are obtained with proper sensors bars. Results show that when large temperature gradients occur in a crop-based material, a model that considers temperature effect on moisture storage enhances greatly the prediction of internal conditions.
Shame, and a Challenge for Emotions History
Authors: Stearns Peter N.
Published: June 2015

This article uses historical analysis of shame (primarily in American history) to argue for a more active connection between emotions history and the other disciplines that deal with emotion. It assesses the current state of historical work on shame, including the argument for a 19th-century decline; it juxtaposes current social psychological and anthropological work with this argument. Additional data allow more precise consideration of changing patterns of shame, reasons for change, and probable impacts including increasing complexity in individual and social reactions alike. Evaluation includes the unexpected increase in shame discussions in recent decades; the possibility that shame and “modernity” are ultimately incompatible; and some larger problems attached to the decline of shame.