bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin and mineral supplements for patients with post-COVID syndrome
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kodentsova V.M. , Risnik D.V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sharafetdinov Kh.Kh. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

A diet that is deficient in micronutrients with anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant properties and potential immunomodulatory and antiviral activity, and may also be a predisposing but preventable factor for both the more severe course of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of persistent long-term symptoms after the acute phase of the disease. The long-term effects of COVID-19 may worsen pre-existing micronutrient deficiencies, and conversely, associated micronutrient deficiencies contribute to the prolongation of post-COVID symptoms. The same cohorts of people are also at risk of micronutrient deficiencies and the development of post-COVID conditions. There are many overlaps between the symptoms of prolonged post-COVID and manifestations of micronutrient deficiency, which, apparently, reflects the participation of micronutrients in maintaining the normal function of organs and tissues of the body. The first studies using multiple vitamin-mineral supplements show that already within a month, according to subjective estimates, chronic fatigue decreases and the quality of life improves, as well as the grip strength and the number of repetitions in the test of getting up from a chair. The intake of vitamin-mineral supplements to reduce micronutrient deficiencies and overcome the consequences of post-COVID symptoms is a reasonable approach. Key words: post-COVID syndrome, vitamin-mineral supplements, specialized food products, clinical efficacy
Methods for dietary pattern analysis
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pilipenko V.I. , Isakov V.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The use of dietary pattern assessment methods has increased over time. This review evaluates the differences, strengths, and weaknesses of a priori and a posteriori methods for creating and analyzing food patterns. The “bottlenecks” in the interpretation of the obtained food patterns are given to formulate dietary recommendations. Key words: healthy diet, food pattern, dietary assessment
Current possibilities for the adaptation of breast-milk substitutes
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Taran N.N. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Revyakina V.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Strokova T.V. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Titova O.N. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Korotkova T.N. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Simonenko E.S. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zainudinov Z.M. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of formula feeding necessitates the creation of adapted milk formulas. Specialists are constantly working on the composition of breast-milk substitutes, improving the formula and bringing the composition of macro- and microelements as close as possible to female breast milk. An important achievement in the development of modern adapted milk formulas is their enrichment with immunonutrients and biologically active components that influence the formation of an adequate immune response, affect the hormonal profile, enzymatic activity in the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal microbial community and participate in metabolic programming. Key words: breast-milk substitutes, alpha-lactalbumin, casein, lactoferrin, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, lactose, probiotics, prebiotics, oligosaccharides
Interaction between the gut microbiome and medication efficacy
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Zaripova K.R. , Yangirova E.I. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Muradova M.G. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Perov E.V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Ikramova K.B. ,   Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation, Bogdanova A.V. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Khasuev I.R. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Metsatunyants M.R. ,   Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Galieva L.R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Iltinbaeva A.U. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Mannanova A.R. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Khuzhina Yu.E. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

The human gut microbiome is a large, complex, and dynamic microbial community consisting of 1014 microorganisms of more than 1000 species, which is equivalent to 4•106 genes. Interactions between the gut microbiota and drugs are complex and critical to the efficacy of some pharmaceutical products. In addition to biotransformation of drugs, the gut microbiota can regulate their activity by direct changes in host metabolism and synthesis of metabolites that compete with the receptors of the respective drugs. Objective. To analyze the domestic and international literature on the interaction between commonly used drugs and microbiota to understand the importance of these interactions for the therapeutic process, increase the efficacy of drugs and reduce their side effects. The article details the interaction of the gut microbiota with metformin, statins, proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and statins. It was found that the gut microbiota is an important factor in the efficacy of the above-mentioned drugs, which should be considered in a personalized therapeutical approach. Key words: microbiome, gut microbiome, pharmacotherapy, metformin, statins, proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, laxatives
The Re-development of Proxsis Workspace with Responsive Design and Multiplatform approaches using Flutter Framework
Authors: Puspitasari Shinta Yulia , Ra'uf Iqbal Abdul , Nurtantyana Rio , Satrio Cahyo Tri
Published: September 2024

Most of previous studies implemented the responsive design approach for the web-based application platform only since it had several difficulties to apply in the mobile-based application platform. In addition, the mobile application required different codebases since there were several platforms like Android and iOS. However, this study tried to redevelopment the Proxsis Workspace website to mobile application with responsive design and multiplatform approaches using Flutter Framework, in order to explore the potentials and counter the difficulties these two approaches for mobile development. In addition, we provide the detailed improvement, and the software testing results of our redevelopment app. Eight participants were participated in this study to measure the improvement of the redevelopment application. The results showed that the redevelopment version of the Proxsis Workspace could implement the responsive design and multiplatform approaches well. Furthermore, the software testing found that the redevelopment version passed the responsive design and multiplatform testing. In addition, there was significant different and enhancement of the usability score from 52.50 with marginal category to 72.81 with acceptable category. Hence, the authors suggest implementing the responsive design and multiplatform with Flutter Framework to enhance and make efficient with single code base only.
An Impact Analysis of Damage Level caused by Malware with Dynamic Analysis Approach
Authors: Anugerah Christopher Arden , Jadied Erwid Musthofa , Cahyani Niken
Published: September 2024

Malware, short for malicious software, is software or code specifically designed to damage, disrupt computer systems, or gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Based on type classification, one of the well-known types of malware is ransomware. Usually, ransomware will encrypt the files on a computer system and then demand a ransom from the owner of the computer system so that the owner can regain access to the encrypted files. Sometimes in some cases, ransomware is able to delete files without input from the computer system owner. This research includes the analysis process of three ransomware samples that are known for successfully causing losses to many computer systems throughout the world, namely WannaCry, Locky, and Jigsaw, using a dynamic approach and the use of tools to track the processes carried out by the ransomware. The purpose of this research is to determine which of the three samples has the highest to lowest level of damage based on metrics based on file access capabilities and file modification capabilities for various types of files such as system files, boot-related files, program files, etc. The findings of this research indicate that WannaCry has the highest impact followed by Locky and then Jigsaw.
UI/UX Design for Student Discussion Applications Based Felder Silverman Learning Style with the Design Thinking Method
Authors: HNW Syahuda Nahatmasuni  , Anisa Herdiani  , Ati Suci Dian Martha
Published: September 2024

Telkom University is one of the educational institutions that implement asynchronous learning through its Learning Management System (LMS). Based on preliminary research conducted with 37 respondents, just 13.5% of the participants LMS using a smartphone, because responsiveness issue. The Discussion Forum is a frequently used feature with high student interaction. However, this feature has several shortcomings, such as the lack of responsiveness in the mobile web interface and the limited interaction between users and professors.  This research will employ the Design Thinking methodology and adopt the Felder Silverman Learning Style (FSLS).  The evaluation of the prototype design resulted in a System Usability Scale (SUS) testing score of 72.22 for the LMS Celoe website and 85.65 for the proposed UI/UX application. The SUS testing score for the LMS Celoe website falls within Quadrant C, indicating an acceptable level of acceptance with a grade C scale and a rating of "Good." On the other hand, the SUS testing score for the proposed UI/UX application falls within Quadrant B, with an acceptable level of acceptance, a grade B scale, and an "Excellent" rating.
Reducing Lending Risk: SVM Model Development with SMOTE for Unbalanced Credit Data
Authors: Purba Josya Ryan Alexandro , Muftikhali Qilbaaini Effendi , Josaphat Bony Parulian
Published: September 2024

Lending is an important activity for banks in managing available funds. However, lending is also an activity that has a high risk, because not all customers who borrow funds can fulfill the responsibilities of the existing agreement. Because of this, it is necessary to have a method that can predict creditworthiness to customers in order to minimize the risks that arise. This research uses machine learning method, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) in predicting creditworthiness. This method is applied and compared before and after the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) on historical bank credit data BPR NBP 16 Rantau Prapat, North Sumatra and find the best parameters with grid search. According to the results of the analysis based on Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC), SVM with SMOTE shows better results, namely 96%, than SVM without SMOTE, namely 56%.
Faith and Reason in Indian Philosophy
Authors:   Savitribai Phule Pune University, Gokhale Pradeep
Published: September 2024

The author focuses on the relationship between reason and faith in Indian philo­sophy. He divides the spectrum of possible philosophical views into three areas: 1) the excessive application of critical reasoning, which leads to the rejection of all faiths; 2) the common sense perspective; 3) uncritical adherence to faith. The author distinguishes between “belief” based on common sense and “faith” which is understood as acceptance of metaphysical beliefs. Gokhale speaks at length about pramāṇas (means of valid cognition), of which in India there were basically recognized three: direct perception (pratyakṣa), inference (anu­māna), and the testimony of verbal authority (śabda or āgama). Inferences were usually divided into empirical and non-empirical, and the latter could be used both to justify facts within this-worldly limits and metaphysical facts. Verbal evi­dence, in turn, was divided into ordinary and extraordinary. The former may serve to draw conclusions about “mundane” matters, while the latter are intended to justify dogmatic beliefs. To sum up, the author arranges Indian philosophical teachings as follows (in the direction from more rationalist to more adherent to faith): extreme skepticism, then the teachings of “the learned” Cārvākas (In­dian “materialists”) who accepted inference as means of valid cognition, then Buddhism, which was critical of matters of faith, Jainism, Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika, which used non-empirical inference to justify matters of faith, and finally – Mīmāṃsā, Vedānta, Vyākaraṇa (the teaching of the “Grammarians”), and the Dharmaśāstra which insisted on the primacy of faith and scripture
GaN lattice damage and GaN-HEMT metrology by cameraless T-ray imaging
Authors: Rahman Anis
Published: September 2024

Gallium nitride (GaN) film grown on a silicon substrate has been investigated for high electric field induced lattice damage via cameraless terahertz (T-ray) imaging technique. In addition, T-ray time-domain spectroscopy (TGS) has been conducted on the same GaN film as a function of depth via nondestructive and noncontact pump-probe technique. This is termed as the deep-level TDS. Further, a pair of GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) dies have been imaged at the channel area where the deep-level TDS has also been conducted. A pristine die has been compared with a similar die that was irradiated with mild nuclear radiation. The channel width measured via T-ray metrology of both dies matches those determined from the optical microscope images. However, T-ray deep-level spectral analysis of both dies reveal that the pristine die’s channel structure remains unaffected up to 5.5 THz up to a depth of 3 µm while that of the irradiated die’s channel structure’s performance is shrunk to 4.2 THz to the same depth of 3 µm. details of data and analysis have been discussed. The technique may be deployed to other similar systems and devises.
Performance Evaluation of the High Rise Steel Building With Outrigger and Belt System
Authors: Pujari Atul B. , Gunjal Swapnil P.
Published: September 2024

Pushover static analysis is a crucial technique in structural engineering used to analysis of structure under earthquake loads. Pushover analysis provides essential inputs into the behavior of structures beyond their elastic limits, offering engineers a thorough understanding of how structures respond to worst conditions. This research will explore the details of pushover static analysis, its importance, and the process involved in performing this analysis. In seismic analysis, assessing how buildings and compositions behave under different forces is of paramount importance. Conventional analysis methods are limited in their ability to capture complex interactions beyond the elastic limit, as they typically focus on linear behavior. As a result, these methods may not accurately predict the response of a structure when it exceeds its elastic limit. Pushover static analysis, also referred as nonlinear static analysis, addresses this limitation by accurately modeling the inelastic performance of structures. The process entails monitoring the progression of yielding, the formation of plastic hinges, and the eventual failure of different structural elements. This data is then utilized to plot a capacity curve, depicting the total force in relation to the displacements. During this analysis, displacement is progressively increasing from zero to a defined ultimate displacement or until the building can no longer sustain additional loads. This method is extensively used to estimate the axial and flexural capacity of existing structures and to determine the seismic requirement of modelled building during selected earthquake scenarios. It is also useful for evaluating the sustainability of new structural designs during linear behavior. The practicality and computational simplicity of pushover analysis have proven to its applications in several earthquake design guidelines (such as FEMA 356 and ATC 40) and design codes (including PCM 3274 & Eurocode 8) over the past few years. The research involved a comprehensive comparison of two pushover methods, namely displacement control and full load method, for steel frame structures with identical G + 17 configuration. The study focused on analyzing the maximum story drifts, story displacements, and hinge responses to seismic loads. Steel frameworks have been found to exhibit better seismic performance than Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures, especially in areas prone to earthquakes. This makes them a more favorable choice for construction in such regions. The analysis also reveals that, although DCM provides detailed insights, it requires a lot of resources, which makes FLM a more practical choice for routine market applications.
Impact of a New Case-Based Payment Scheme on Volume Distribution Across Public Hospitals in China: Does 'Same Disease, Same Price' Matter
Authors: Yu Meiteng , Liu Jing , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2024

Background
In China, the disparity in patient distribution across hospitals of varying levels is largely caused by fee-for-service (FFS) payment. To reduce this inequality, an innovative payment called “payment method by disease types with point counting” was launched in Zhejiang province, and was later integrated with “same disease, same price” policy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of this payment on service volume distribution across Chinese public hospitals.
Methods
Data was obtained from 104 hospitals, with 12 tertiary and 14 secondary hospitals extracted from each of the four regions: intervention groups in Jinhua and Hangzhou, and control groups in Taizhou and Ningbo. Using a total of 3848 observation points, two sets of controlled interrupted time series analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of this new case-based payment with and without “same disease, same price” on the proportion of discharges, total medical revenue and hospitalization revenue, as well as Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI).
Results
After the introduction of the new case-based payment without “same disease, same price”, the proportion of discharges (β6=-0.1074, p = 0.047), total medical revenue (β6=-0.0729, p = 0.026) and hospitalization revenue (β6=-0.1062, p = 0.037) of secondary hospitals significantly decreased. Despite no statistical significance, the proportion in tertiary hospitals increased. By incorporating “same disease, same price”, the proportion of discharges (β6 = 0.2015, p = 0.031), total medical revenue (β6 = 0.1101, p = 0.041) and hospitalization revenue (β6 = 0.1248, p = 0.032) of secondary hospitals increased, yet differences in tertiary hospitals were insignificant. The HHI (β7 = 0.0011, p = 0.043) presented an upward trend during the pilot period of this payment without “same disease, same price”, while after the implementation of this payment combined with “same disease, same price”, the HHI (β6=-0.0234, p = 0.021) decreased immediately.
Conclusion
This new case-based payment scheme does not promote rational volume distribution among different-level hospitals, yet “same disease, same price” may help. Policymakers should balance interests of hospitals when devising payment mechanisms, and regulate providers’ potential strategic behavior.
Microdiscectomy Combined with Autologous Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Injection for the Treatment of Low Back Pain due to Intervertebral Lumbar Disc Degeneration
Authors: Conti Michele , Giovannini Matteo , Bianchini Alessandra , Lozza Alessandro , Cainelli Filippo , Mattioli Lorenzo
Published: September 2024

Background
Low back pain (LBP) due to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration presents a major clinical challenge, impacting quality of life and imposing substantial economic burdens. Conventional treatments often provide symptomatic relief without addressing underlying disc degeneration. This study evaluates the efficacy of microdiscectomy combined with autologous microfragmented adipose tissue (MAT) injection in treating LBP associated with lumbar disc degeneration.
Methods
In this prospective case series, 32 adults with chronic LBP (> 6 months) with episode of sciatic nerve pain and MRI-confirmed Pfirrmann grade ≥ 3 IVD degeneration underwent microdiscectomy followed by autologous MAT injection using Lipocell technology. MAT was injected intradiscally, intra-facetally, or into the multifidus muscle based on individual MRI findings. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Goutallier classification for muscle degeneration, and Pfirrmann classification for disc degeneration at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months post-treatment.
Results
Significant reductions in VAS (mean: 7.4 to 1.5 at 3 months, 0.3 at 12 months; p < 0.01) and ODI scores (mean: 52.9 to 24.9 at 3 months, 9.5 at 12 months; p < 0.01) were observed. Improvements were also noted in Goutallier classification, indicating reduced fatty infiltration in multifidus muscle, and in Pfirrmann grades, suggesting enhanced disc structure and reduced degeneration.
Conclusions
Combining microdiscectomy with autologous MAT injection offers effective pain relief and functional improvement in patients with LBP due to IVD degeneration, addressing both symptoms and underlying pathology. These findings support further investigation into this combined therapeutic approach.
Map-based cloning of Zmccr3 and its network construction and validation for regulating maize seed germination
Authors: Tao yongsheng , Feng Liqing , Zhou Mingting , Tao Anyan , Ma Xiaolin , Zhang He , Duan Huijun
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Seed dormancy (SD) and pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) impact the yield and quality of grain and hybrid seed production. Although the benefits of studying SD and seed germination (SG) during seed development have been established, research on the genetic variation and molecular regulation of SD, as well as the transition from SD to SG, remains limited. In this study, 40X BSA-QTL resequencing and linkage analysis were employed for QTL mapping of the maize vp16 mutant of PHS. Through genetic and molecular biological methods, the candidate gene was identified as Zmccr3. This gene encodes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 3 (ccr3), which participates in the phenylalanine pathway to regulate lignin metabolism, thereby affecting SG. Based on RNA-seq of 36 samples at two stages of grain development with extreme PHS traits from three maize populations, a Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) related to SD and SG formation was constructed. Ten target genes and three pathways (lipid metabolism, reactive oxygen species) homeostasis under redox of electrophilic compounds, and cell wall oligosaccharide metabolism) were identified. Using WGCNA, vp16-RNA-seq, vp16-iTRAQ, and physiological and biochemical evidence, the Zmccr3 pathway was established and validated. This pathway involves Zmccr3-mediated energy supply for lipid metabolism, redox of electrophilic compounds, gibberellic acid levels or signaling regulation for endosperm weakening, and cell wall metabolism, affecting SG or SD. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for understanding the genetic basis of maize PHS and SD, increasing genetic resources, and improving trait genetics.
Discectomy combined with the Coflex interspinous stabilization device versus simple discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: Long-term follow-up
Authors: Qian Yunfan , Li Yimin , Zhong Xiqiang , Shen Guangjie , Tang Chengxuan , He Shaoqi
Published: September 2024

Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy of the Coflex dynamic stabilization device in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) versus simple discectomy.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 85 patients who underwent surgery for LDH between January 2009 and December 2013. Eligible patients with single-segment LDH were divided into two groups: discectomy with Coflex (Coflex group) and simple discectomy (SD group). The patient characteristics, surgical outcomes, operation time, blood loss, clinical and radiological features, complications, and reoperation rates were compared between both groups. In the Coflex group, the intervertebral height, intervertebral foramen height, and range of motion (ROM) of the treated segment were calculated from radiographs. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were assessed for both groups before surgery, at 1 month, one year after surgery, and at final follow-up.
Results: The mean age, sex, body mass index (BMI), symptom duration, follow-up period, operated level, and Pfirrmann grade before surgery did not differ significantly between groups. The results showed significant improvements in the VAS and ODI scores in each group (P<0.05) after surgery. However, there were no significant differences in the VAS and ODI scores between both groups at 1 month or 1 year postoperatively. However, at the final follow-up, the VAS and ODI scores in the Coflex group were lower than those in the SD group(P<0.05). In the Coflex group, the anteriordisc height, posterior disc height, and intervertebral foramen height improved postoperatively. However, at the last follow-up, these values showed varying degrees of decline, returning to preoperative levels. In the flexion–extension radiographs, the ROM showed a significant decrease postoperatively, while the ROM continued to increase at the last follow-up (P<0.05). The mean operation time and blood loss were higher in the Coflex group than in the SD group(P<0.05). During the follow-up period, 3 patients (7.5%) in the Coflex group experienced complications, and 3 (7.5%) underwent secondary surgery. In the SD group, 1 patient (2.22%) experienced complications, and 5 (11.1%) underwent secondary surgery.
Conclusions This study revealed that the Coflex maintains the disc height of the surgical segment for a short period and preserves a limited ROM. Both Coflex and simple discectomies proved effective in treating LDH. However, long-term follow-up indicated that discectomy combined with Coflex produced superior clinical outcomes compared to simple discectomy, with fewer complications. Consequently, Coflex is a safe and effective treatment option for LDH.
On the mechanism of the Hainan Island modulating extreme rainfall along the South China coast via thermodynamic forcing
Authors: Gao Xiaoyu , Yin Jinfang , Yun Yuxing , Zhang Shuqin
Published: September 2024

Warm moist airflow from the northern South China Sea produces a large amount of warm-season rainfall along the South China coast (SCC). Currently, the prediction skill for coastal extreme rainfall (ER) remains very poor, which can be partly attributed to the lack of observations over sea. This study provides a new perspective that the Hainan Island modulates the warm moist airflow in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and thus fulfills an important role in the production of coastal ER. Based on observations in 30 warm seasons during 1988–2017, this study defines 215 days as the coastal ER days using the 99th percentile threshold of hourly rainfall. On the ER days, the diabatic heating renders the PBL over Hainan Island much warmer than that over the sea area near SCC, and the strong southwest wind over sea induces warm advection from the island. The heat budget analysis indicates the Hainan Island as the main heat source for the sea area near SCC. Moreover, the strong zonal temperature gradient east of the island enhances the low-level atmospheric baroclinicity, which is the key reason for the strengthening of the south wind component within the PBL and the frequent occurrence of boundary layer jets (BLJs). A typical heavy rainfall event is studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to further discuss the impact of Hainan Island on the coastal ER. In the control experiment, the WRF model reasonably reproduces the distribution and evolution of coastal ER. Two additional sensitivity experiments are conducted to reduce the temperature in the PBL over Hainan Island using data assimilation. The presence of a colder island yields a weaker zonal temperature gradient to the east, which reduces the south wind component in the PBL and thus the moisture convergence along SCC. The weaker warm advection from Hainan Island also results in a colder PBL over sea and a weaker land-sea thermal contrast. Notably, ER along the SCC is decreased by 58% and 88% with the PBL over Hainan Island cooled by ~ 0.3 and ~ 0.5 K, respectively. These results suggest a probable improvement in the prediction skill for SCC rainfall via the increased application of enhanced observations near Hainan Island.
An Open Source Algorithm for Autoregulation-Based Neuromonitoring is Associated with Long-Term Outcome in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Twist Eris van , Robles Tahisa B. , Formsma Bart , Ketharanathan Naomi , Hunfeld Maayke , Buysse C. M. , de Hoog Matthijs , Schouten Alfred C. , de Jonge Rogier C.J. , Kuiper Jan W.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an open-source algorithm for the pressure-reactivity index (PRx) to monitor cerebral autoregulation (CA) in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and compared derived optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt) with real-time CPP in relation to long-term outcome.
Methods: Retrospective study in children (< 18 years) with sTBI admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring between 2016 and 2023. ICP was analyzed on an insult basis and correlated with outcome. PRx was calculated as Pearson correlation coefficient between ICP and mean arterial pressure. CPPopt was derived as weighted average of CPP-PRx over time. Outcome was determined via Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scale at one year post-injury. Logistic regression and mixed effect models were developed to associate PRx and CPPopt with outcome.
Results: 50 children were included, 35 with favorable (PCPC 1 – 3) and 15 with unfavorable outcome (PCPC 4 – 6). ICP insults correlated with unfavorable outcome at 20 mmHg for 7 min duration. Mean CPPopt yield was 75.4% of monitoring time. Mean and median PRx and CPPopt yield associated with unfavorable outcome, with odds ratio (OR) 2.49 (1.38 – 4.50), 1.38 (1.08 – 1.76) and 0.95 (0.92 – 0.97) (p < 0.001). PRx thresholds 0.0, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 resulted in OR 1.01 (1.00 – 1.02) (p < 0.006). CPP in optimal range associated with unfavorable outcome on day four (-0.027, p = 0.020).
Conclusion:Our algorithm can obtain optimal targets for pediatric neuromonitoring that showed association with long-term outcome, and is now available via Github.
Clinical significance of sarcopenia in children with neuroblastic tumors
Authors: Kudo Wataru , Terui Keita , Furugane Ryoya , Takenouchi Ayako , Komatsu Shugo , Kawaguchi Yunosuke , Nishimura Katsuhiro , Katsumi Daisuke , Hishiki Tomoro
Published: September 2024

Purpose To elucidate the clinical significance of sarcopenia in children with neuroblastic tumors (NTs).Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study and analyzed the z-scores for height, body weight, body mass index, and skeletal muscle index (HT-z, BW-z, BMI-z, and SMI-z) along with the clinical characteristics of 36 children with NTs. SMI-z was calculated from 138 computed tomography scans at diagnosis, during treatment, and at follow-up. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification was used to identify high-risk groups. We analyzed the data at diagnosis for prognostic analysis and changes over time after diagnosis in the HT-z, BW-z, BMI-z, and SMI-z groups.Results Among the four parameters at diagnosis, only SMI-z predicted overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.99). SMI-z, HT-z, and BW-z significantly decreased over time after diagnosis (P < 0.05), while BMI-z did not (P = 0.11). In surviving high-risk NT cases without disease, SMI-z, HT-z, and BW-z significantly decreased over time (P < 0.05), while BMI-z did not (P = 0.43).Conclusion In children with NT, the SMI-z at diagnosis was a significant prognostic factor and decreased during treatment and follow-up along with HT-z and BW-z. Monitoring muscle mass is important because sarcopenia may be associated with growth impairment.
Flow characteristics of sintered Titanium-based porous transport layers using machine learning
Authors: Froning Dieter , Hoppe Eugen , Müller Martin , Peters Ralf
Published: September 2024

Porous transport layers, sintered from sphere-based titanium material, can beused in electrolyzers. A sedimentation-based stochastic sphere model was usedto create many versions of a sphere-based micro-structure. Aided by Lattice-Boltzmann simulations, the permeability was calculated based on the artificialmicro-structures. These data were then used to train a convolutional neural net-work in order to characterize material on the basis of its micro-structure. Binaryimage series from the real material of porous transport layers were characterizedusing a deep learning model trained with artificial data. A reasonable degree ofaccuracy was achieved by the neural network in the prediction of the through-plane permeability of the real material, when the samples were manufacturedfrom spherical particles.
The Essence of Nourishment: Tracing the Levels of Essential Mineral Elements in the Colostrum Milk of Full-Term Mothers
Authors: Jonathan Justice Wiston Amstrong , Kabotso Danie Elorm Kwame , Essumang David Kofi , Bentum John Kwesi , Anak Jesse Azebiik , Gborgblorvor Innocentia Ruby , Danyo Emmanuel Kormla , Mbroh Hintermann , Tampuori John , Asmah Richard Harry
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Mineral elements in colostrum play important roles in the growth and development of neonates.Objective The study characterized the levels of ten mineral elements in the colostrum (CM) of full-term mothers in a previously unstudied population and compared them with those determined elsewhere.Methodology: Forty-seven (47) respondents took part in the study. Each mother donated twelve millilitres (12 mL) colostrum sample from the day of delivery to four days postpartum following standardized procedures. 10 ml of each sample was digested using EPA Method 3010A and 200.7 and examined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. IBM Statistics SPSS Version 26.0, Excel Toll Pak and XLSTAT 2022.4.1.1377 were used to analyse the data.Results Concentrations mineral elements quantified ranged from 0.1 ± 0.0 mg/L (Se; lowest) to 602.6 ± 77.6 mg/L (K; highest). Positive significant correlations were observed between Ca and K (r = 0.604; p < 0.0001), Cu and S (r = 0.576; p < 0.0001), S and Na (r = 0.483; p = 0.001), Na and Fe (r = 0.469; p = 0.001), Zn and Ca (r = 0.462; p = 0.001).Conclusion Three factors contributed to the variation of mineral elements in the colostrum accounting for a total of 65.73% in the dataset. Significant relationships were found between K levels in CM and employment status of mothers (p = 0.047) and levels of Zn in CM and maternal parity (p = 0.028). Concentrations of the mineral elements detected compared favourably well with those reported in the literature worldwide.
A comparison between biochar, activated biochar, activated carbon, and carbon black embedded onto polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) removal
Authors: Fionah Abelline , Daugherty Kayla , Kiprotich Nerissa , Escobar Isabel
Published: September 2024

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed via the interaction between Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and disinfectants, such as chlorine, and have been linked to many health issues such as liver, kidney, and central nervous system problems, reproductive effects, as well as some forms of cancer. One method to address the DBP issue is to remove NOM, so that precursors are not available at the time of chlorination to form DBPs. Two common treatment options for NOM removal include adsorption using activated carbon and membrane separations. Here, biochar’s ability to adsorb NOMs from water when incorporated into polysulfone (PSf)-based membranes was investigated in order to develop multifunctional adsorbing membranes. This was carried out by comparing PSf ultrafiltration membranes immobilized with biochar, lab-activated biochar, carbon black, and activated carbon. For biochar activation, parameters such as activating agent, activation time, and activation agent exposure time were investigated. The results showed that the addition of biochar into the PSf membrane matrix not only improved the permeability of the membranes but also showed improved rejection of humic acid from water. Furthermore, membranes with biochar activated with 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited the highest humic acid rejection of 92.4% +/-0.5%. This showed both that biochar could act as an alternative to activated carbon and black carbon for the removal of humic acid, and that membranes made with biochar rejected humic acid via both sieving and adsorption mechanisms.
,,What is the impact of obesity-related comorbidities on the risk of premature ageing:cross-sectional study”
Authors: Dudek Alicja , Zapała Barbara , Gorostowicz Aleksandra , Kawa Ilona , Ciszek Karol , Tylec Piotr , Cyranka Katarzyna , Wysocki Michał , Major Piotr
Published: September 2024

Background
The relationships among aging, chronic diseases, and obesity remain complex and poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of comorbidities on premature aging in individuals with severe obesity.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 99 patients with severe obesity (SG) and 30 healthy volunteers (HC). SG was further divided into subgroups based on comorbidity status. Various markers of biological aging, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), telomere length (TL), attention speed, executive functions and metabolic age, were evaluated.
Results
Both subgroups of patients with obesity presented elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP, shorter TLs, lower outcomes in executive functioning tests and greater metabolic age than healthy subjects. However, no significant differences were observed between patients with obesity with and without comorbidities. This study highlighted the impact of BMI on increased inflammation and revealed that hypertension and inflammation are associated with cognitive decline.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that obesity, regardless of comorbidities, contributes to premature aging. The presence of hypertension was linked to cognitive function decline, emphasizing the multifaceted implications of obesity for the aging process.
Level of Evidence: Level III, well-designed cross-sectional study.
Effects of switching from dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide on oxidative stress and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: an open-label, prospective, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group comparison study
Authors: Ohara Makoto , Yokoyama Hiroki , Seino Hiroaki , Fujikawa Tomoki , Kohata Yo , Takahashi Noriyuki , Irie Shunichiro , Terasaki Michishige , Mori Yusaku , Fukui Tomoyasu , Yamagishi Sho-ichi
Published: September 2024

Background: To compare the effects of switching from dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors to oral semaglutide on oxidative stress and glucose variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: This was an open-label, prospective, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group comparison study conducted over 24 weeks. Patients with T2DM who had been taking regular doses of DPP-4 inhibitors for at least 12 weeks were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to either continue on DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitor group) or switch to oral semaglutide at 3 mg/day, with a dose increase to 7 mg/day after 4 weeks (semaglutide group). The primary endpoint was the change in the diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites test, an oxidative stress marker. Secondary endpoints included changes in glucose variability assessed using continuous glucose monitoring, metabolic indices, physical assessments, and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores.
Results: Fifty-eight patients with T2DM were randomized to the semaglutide group (n = 30) and the DPP-4 inhibitor group (n = 28). Six patients in the semaglutide group and one patient in the DPP-4 inhibitor group dropped out during the study. Ultimately, data from 24 patients in the semaglutide group and 27 patients in the DPP-4 inhibitor group were included for analysis. Switching to oral semaglutide therapy for 24 weeks significantly reduced oxidative stress, glucose variability, and hemoglobin A1c levels compared to continuous treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors. However, there was no significant difference in Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores between the two groups.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that switching to oral semaglutide therapy from DPP-4 inhibitors significantly improved oxidative stress and glycemic parameters, including glucose variability, in patients with T2DM.
Trial registration: jRCT1031210620.
Saltmarsh plants respond to various hydrodynamic and sedimentary disturbances by modifying their morphological strategies in both aboveground and belowground parts
Authors: Hu Yang , Jiang Can , Li Xiuzhen , Xue Liming , Li Maotian , Fang Shubo
Published: September 2024

To ensure the long-term stability of the valuable saltmarsh ecosystem, a comprehensive understanding of saltmarsh plant responses to strong tidal stress is essential. We investigated the effects of sedimentation dynamics and hydrodynamics on saltmarsh morphological traits and biomass allocation during growing seasons in the Yangtze Estuary. Our results showed that: (1) Individuals colonized at the seaward edge of saltmarsh were subjected to stronger hydrodynamic and sediment dynamic disturbance than those at the inner saltmarsh. Specifically, the average water depth, effective wave height, current velocity, bed shear stress and suspended sediment concentration at the low saltmarsh were 4.8, 9, 5.8, 4, 1.78 times higher than that at the inner saltmarsh, respectively. Thus, individuals at the seaward edge of saltmarsh were more resilient. (2) At early and middle growth stages, both aboveground and belowground plant traits showed significantly different growth patterns. (3) Lastly, the shoot/root rate differs significantly between seaward and landward edges, indicating that the optimal allocation of Scirpus mariqueter biomass was approached to cope with external stresses from waves and sediments. We concluded that this phenotypic plasticity of plant traits was a response to the heterogeneity of tidal flat sedimentation processes and increased plants tolerance to the changing environment. These findings may help in developing an appropriate saltmarsh rehabilitation strategy to address the stressors such as hydrodynamics and sedimentation dynamics.
Evaluate the Efficiency of Utilizing Alternative Nitrogen Sources in Sweet Potato-Based Medium on the Growth of Lactobacillus sp
Authors: Eddin Abdulhakim Sharaf , Zimmerman Tahl , Krastanov Albert , Aljaloud Sulaiman O. , Ibrahim Salam A.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of alternative nitrogen sources in sweet potato-based medium for supporting the growth of Lactobacillus sp. Sweet potato is an intriguing candidate as a component of a growth medium for Lactobacillus sp. The sweet potato medium was supplemented with 2, 8, or 14 g/L of X-Seed Nucleo Max, X-Seed KAT, and NuCel 780 MG as nitrogen sources. Seven Lactobacillus sp strains were used in this study. At least two of the sweet potato medium compositions SPM2 which contain 2 g/L X-Seed Nucleo Max, 3 g/L X-Seed KAT, and 3 g/L NuCel 780 MG and SPM3 which contain 2 g/L X-Seed Nucleo Max, 6 g/L X-Seed KAT, and 6 g/L NuCel 780 MG were sufficient to grow Lactobacillus sp strains in a manner sufficiently similar or superior to that of MRS. At 12 hours of incubation, the population of Lactobacillus sp strains reached an average of 7.94 ± 0.11, 8.38 ± 0.11, and 8.57 ± 0.12 log CFU/mL for MRS, SPM2, and SPM3, respectively. Moreover, the buffering capacity of SPM2 and SPM3 was significantly higher than that in MRS (p ≤ 0.05). These findings thus demonstrate that the sweet potato based medium, SPM2, is suitable for the growth of Lactobacillus sp strains and can be used as an alternative to the standard media.
Impact of Hybrid Ventilation on Fire Plume Mitigation in a Compartment with Dual Horizontal Vents
Authors: Nandini Dandugula , Rajan Harish , Arul John
Published: September 2024

The article explores a fire plume mitigation strategy within a horizontally vented enclosure, potentially applicable in nuclear plants, ship cabins, and building ventilation systems. The investigation consists of a compartment with dual horizontal ceiling vents operating under both forced and natural ventilation conditions, featuring a centrally located fire source. The study models the turbulent three-dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics using a Large Eddy Simulation model. Parametric investigations vary the fire size, location, and forced ventilation velocity through the horizontal vent. The findings reveal various flow regimes, from pure natural convection to a mixed convection regime of bidirectional flow phenomena. Results show that temperature reduction of 83% in the overall ceiling gas temperature for the case of 3 m/s ventilation velocity. It is also observed that with rise in the ventilation velocity, the Froude number increases and for higher heat release rates, the plume temperature increases and hence the Froude number is decreased by 42%. The fire sources mounted adjacent to the wall and beneath the naturally vented horizontal vent demonstrate the maximum fire plume velocity of 2 m/s. The heat transfer analysis suggests that the average temperature ratio for the fire source of 0.1 m diameter case is dropped by 30% in the case of maximum ventilation velocity of 3 m/s and whereas for the case of 0.141 m diameter fire source, the 40% drop in the average temperature ratio is observed in this study. The proposed correlation, which links the dimensionless mass flow rate through the vent with the Froude number, provides insights into hybrid ventilation phenomena. This study enhances the understanding of airflow and safety design in buildings, particularly concerning smoke control.