bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Predictive Accuracy through the Analysis of Banking Time Series: A Case Study from the Amman Stock Exchange
Authors: Al Wadi S. , Al Singlawi Omar , Jaber Jamil J. , Saleh Mohammad H. , Shehadeh Ali A.
Published: February 2024

This empirical research endeavor seeks to enhance the accuracy of forecasting time series data in the banking sector by utilizing data from the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study relied on daily closed price index data, spanning from October 2014 to December 2022, encompassing a total of 2048 observations. To attain statistically significant results, the research employs various mathematical techniques, including the non-linear spectral model, the maximum overlapping discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) based on the Coiflet function (C6), and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Notably, the study’s findings encompass the comprehensive explanation of all past events within the specified time frame, alongside the introduction of a novel forecasting model that amalgamates the most effective MODWT function (C6) with a tailored ARIMA model. Furthermore, this research underscores the effectiveness of MODWT in decomposing stock market data, particularly in identifying significant events characterized by high volatility, which thereby enhances forecasting accuracy. These results hold valuable implications for researchers and scientists across various domains, with a particular relevance to the fields of business and health sciences. The performance evaluation of the forecasting methodology is based on several mathematical criteria, including the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the mean absolute scaled error (MASE), and the root mean squared error (RMSE).
Tree Diversity and Its Ecological Importance Value in Silvopastoral Systems: A Study along Elevational Gradients in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Torres Bolier , Herrera-Feijoo Robinson J. , Torres-Navarrete Alexandra , Bravo Carlos , García Antón
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes tree diversity and its ecological importance value in silvopastoral systems in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve (SBR), Ecuador, along an altitudinal gradient of 400–2000 masl. Twenty-six plots distributed into low (400–700 masl), medium (701–1600 masl) and high (1601–2000 masl) zones were used. The Shannon index and the importance value index (IVI), based on abundance, dominance and relative frequency, were estimated. The results highlight that in pastures with dispersed trees, the richness of trees decreases with increasing altitude in the elevational gradient; they also show a higher tree density at lower altitudes in contrast to the Andean–Amazonian primary forests. The lower and middle zones showed higher diversity, linked to regeneration and the presence of nearby forests. Species of high commercial value, such as Cedrela odorata and Jacaranda copaia, were common, reflecting knowledge of the local timber market. In the lower and middle zones, the 10 most important species accounted for more than 70% of the trees, with up to 96% in the upper zone. A total of 51 taxa (including 42 species and nine taxa at the rank of genus) were identified, which were mostly native; 64.7% are classified by the IUCN as least-concern (LC) species, 31.4% as not evaluated (NE) species and 3.9% as vulnerable (VU) species, specifically highlighting Cedrela odorata and Cedrela montana. The study concludes with policy recommendations related to the importance of trees in silvopastoral systems for the conservation of species and the livelihoods of local communities, highlighting the need for responsible management of Amazonian pasturelands.
Urbanization Effect on Changes in Extreme Climate Events in Urumqi, China, from 1976 to 2018
Authors: Abulimiti Aerzuna , Liu Yongqiang , Yang Lianmei , Abulikemu Abuduwaili , Mamitimin Yusuyunjiang , Yuan Shuai , Enwer Reifat , Li Zhiyi , Abuduaini Abidan , Kadier Zulipina
Published: February 2024

This study investigates, for the first time, the urbanization effect (UE) on local extreme climate events in Urumqi, China, based on 22 indices of climate extremes, which are calculated with daily observation data from 1976 to 2018. These analyses reveal a pronounced nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) effect and a daytime urban cold island (UCI) effect. Due to Urumqi’s arid climate background, the UCI effect is considered a unique feature of the UE, which significantly differs from those in eastern and northern China. The UE on the TR20 index (number of days with minimum daily temperature exceeding 20 °C) reached 5.22 d/10a, indicating that urbanization has led to a fast increase in the number of hot nights in Urumqi. The absolute averaged UE on the indices measuring the frequency of warm events is about twice as large as that on the indices measuring the frequency of cold events, while that on the indices measuring the intensity of warm events is about one third of that on the indices measuring the intensity of cold events. The highest averaged urbanization contributions (UCs) to the extreme warm and cold events are represented by the frequency indices and the intensity indices, respectively, while those contributing to the extreme precipitation events are represented by the duration indices. Moreover, urbanization probably exacerbates the degree of wetting in the overall “warming and wetting” climate trend of the region. These findings can be seen as new evidence to provide scientific basis for further investigation of the UE on climate changes in arid regions.
Value Perception, Government Regulation, and Farmers’ Behavior toward Continuing to Maintain the Sloping Land Conversion Program
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhong Qiheng , Wang Liqun
Published: February 2024

As a major ecological project with the largest investment scale, strongest policy support, most extensive involvement, and the highest level of public participation in the world, the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) implemented by China is important for protecting the ecological environment and achieving long-term stability. Consolidating the SLCP’s achievements is key to its sustainable operation. Based on a sample of 612 farmers in Guizhou Province, this paper discusses the impact of value perception and government regulation on farmers’ behavior in terms of their continued SLCP maintenance. The results show that (1) value perception and government regulation are important factors affecting the sustainability of farmers’ behavior of continuing to maintain the SLCP. Perceived economic value and perceived cost input, as dimensions of value perception, and policy publicity and economic incentives, as dimensions of government regulation, have important influences on farmers’ continued SLCP maintenance. (2) There are complementary effects between value perception and government regulation. Policy publicity and perceived ecological value, technical guidance and perceived economic and social value, and economic incentives and perceived economic value can have complementary effects on farmers’ continued maintenance behavior. (3) Value perception and government regulation heterogeneously impact different groups of farmers. In terms of intergenerational differences, perceived cost inputs and punitive measures significantly affect only new-generation farmers. In terms of farmer type, perceived economic value does not significantly affect nonfarmers; perceived cost input significantly affects part-time farmers engaged mainly in off-farm employment, and technical guidance and economic incentives have the greatest impact on pure farmers. In terms of tree species, perceived cost input and policy publicity significantly impact only ecological forest farmers, while technical guidance has a greater impact on economic forest farmers. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying farmers’ behavior in maintaining the SLCP and offer a reference for promoting the goals of forestry ecological policies against the background of rural revitalization and green development.
Languages—Update on the Aims and Scope
Authors: Treffers-Daller Jeanine
Published: February 2024

One year into the job as Editor-in-Chief of Languages, I am delighted to report that the journal has received its first Journal Impact Factor (0 [...]
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Frame: Finite Element Simulation and Experiment
Authors: Hu Yang , Pei Weichi , Ji Hongchao , Yu Rongdi , Liu Shengqiang
Published: February 2024

In order to address the irregularity of the welding path in aluminum alloy frame joints, this study conducted a numerical simulation of free-path welding. It focuses on the application of the TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding process in aluminum alloy welding, specifically at the intersecting line nodes of welded bicycle frames. The welding simulation was performed on a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy frame. Using a custom heat source subroutine written in Fortran language and integrated into the ABAQUS environment, a detailed numerical simulation study was conducted. The distribution of key fields during the welding process, such as temperature, equivalent stress, and post-weld deformation, were carefully analyzed. Building upon this analysis, the thin-walled TIG welding process was optimized using the response surface method, resulting in the identification of the best welding parameters: a welding current of 240 A, a welding voltage of 20 V, and a welding speed of 11 mm/s. These optimal parameters were successfully implemented in actual welding production, yielding excellent welding results in terms of forming quality. Through experimentation, it was confirmed that the welded parts were completely formed under the optimized process parameters and met the required product standards. Consequently, this research provides valuable theoretical and technical guidance for aluminum alloy bicycle frame welding.
Moisture Effects on Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Damage Mechanisms of Balsa Wood Core Composite Sandwich under 4-Point Bending
Authors: Wu Yuan , Perrin Marianne , Pastor Marie-Laetitia , Casari Pascal , Gong Xiaojing
Published: February 2024

To contribute to the development of sustainable composites, this work investigates the effects of moisture on the key AE characteristics related to the damage mechanisms of a bio-based balsa wood core sandwich in 4-point bending tests, including cumulative counts, amplitude, peak frequency, and duration. Novel triple dog-bone balsa wood core sandwich specimens with different MC (moisture content) were studied by comparing microscopic observations and a proposed two-step clustering approach in AE analysis. Three MC states, i.e., dry, 50% MC, and 120% MC, are discussed. GFRP (glass-fiber-reinforced polymer) laminate skin damages were found to be predominant in most GFRP–balsa sandwich specimens, but balsa wood core damages play a more important role as MC increases. The degradation of the bending stiffness of the sandwich was proven to be faster in the first linear stage of the moisture absorption curve, while the decrease in bending strength was more pronounced at the MC saturation level. Finally, for all of the dry and wet sandwich specimens, peak frequency and duration were proven to be more helpful in identifying damages associated with the lighter bio-based balsa wood core, such as balsa core damages and skin/core debonding.
Study of the Cold Curing Characteristics of Isocyanate-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Zhou Changhong , Peng Mingli , Yang Xue , Qi Yating , Xu Bin
Published: February 2024

Isocyanate esters are widely recognized for their superior curing capabilities. Leveraging this attribute, the current research formulated a modified cold-mixed asphalt blend using 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Tests and analyses of the MDI-modified asphalt with varying inclusion percentages of MDI revealed that a mixture containing 15% rock asphalt and 15% MDI-modified asphalt exhibited a more balanced, comprehensive performance. We also conducted an examination of the role and properties of MDI in asphalt modification using molecular dynamics simulations. The cold-curing properties of MDI-modified asphalt as compared to petroleum asphalt were evaluated based on its density, free volume analysis, cohesive energy density, and glass transition temperature. Implementing the LB-13 gradation—a cold-mixed asphalt gradation with a nominal particle size of 13.2 mm recommended by Chinese specifications—we prepared MDI-modified cold-mixed asphalt and carried out analyses of its mechanical characteristics, high-temperature performance, and water damage resistance. The results demonstrated that MDI-modified asphalt showcases excellent ductility, flexibility, and aging resistance, surpassing the performance of petroleum asphalt. The stability, high-temperature rutting, and water damage resistance of the MDI-modified cold-mixed asphalt exceeded the requirements for hot-mixed asphalt. This research provides theoretical and experimental support for isocyanate ester applications in asphalt engineering, presenting significant value for practical engineering applications.
Advances in Nanoarchitectonics: A Review of “Static” and “Dynamic” Particle Assembly Methods
Authors: Eftekhari Karaneh , Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. , Grigoriev Dmitry , Skirtach Andre G.
Published: February 2024

Particle assembly is a promising technique to create functional materials and devices from nanoscale building blocks. However, the control of particle arrangement and orientation is challenging and requires careful design of the assembly methods and conditions. In this study, the static and dynamic methods of particle assembly are reviewed, focusing on their applications in biomaterial sciences. Static methods rely on the equilibrium interactions between particles and substrates, such as electrostatic, magnetic, or capillary forces. Dynamic methods can be associated with the application of external stimuli, such as electric fields, magnetic fields, light, or sound, to manipulate the particles in a non-equilibrium state. This study discusses the advantages and limitations of such methods as well as nanoarchitectonic principles that guide the formation of desired structures and functions. It also highlights some examples of biomaterials and devices that have been fabricated by particle assembly, such as biosensors, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, and artificial organs. It concludes by outlining the future challenges and opportunities of particle assembly for biomaterial sciences. This review stands as a crucial guide for scholars and professionals in the field, fostering further investigation and innovation. It also highlights the necessity for continuous research to refine these methodologies and devise more efficient techniques for nanomaterial synthesis. The potential ramifications on healthcare and technology are substantial, with implications for drug delivery systems, diagnostic tools, disease treatments, energy storage, environmental science, and electronics.
New Method for Detecting Flange Fracture Initiation in Incremental Radial Extrusion
Authors: Winiarski Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

This study investigates flange fracture formation in unconventional incremental radial extrusion. This manufacturing technique involves using rings with a gradually increasing inside diameter for constraining the free flow of material in the radial direction. As a result, the shaped flange has a constant thickness and a significantly larger diameter than that formed using the standard extrusion process conducted without the use of rings. EN AW 6060 aluminum alloy tube sections were used as the billet material, and the extrusion process was conducted under cold forming conditions at ambient temperature. For the determination of material fracture initiation, a new method was proposed involving the analysis of strain, strain rate and values of the normalized Cockcroft–Latham fracture criterion integral. The main advantage of the new method is that it allows for the prediction of fracture initiation via only FEM results analysis, i.e., it is not necessary to carry out additional experiments aimed at calibrating or determining limit parameters of a given material. It was shown that the occurrence of differences in the distribution of the above-mentioned parameters coincided with flange fracture initiation.
Preparation and Application of Apatite–TiO2 Composite Opacifier: Preventing Titanium Glaze Yellowing through Pre-Combination
Authors: Bai Xuefeng , Zhang Han , Tu Yu , Sun Sijia , Li Yangzi , Ding Hao , Bai Ming , Chang Liang , Zhang Jianmeng
Published: February 2024

In order to enhance the degree of binding reaction of TiO2 in titanium-containing ceramic glazes and prevent the reaction of its transformation into rutile to eliminate the yellowing phenomenon of the glaze surface, an apatite–TiO2 composite opacifier (ATO) was prepared through the mechanical grinding of hydroxyapatite and anatase TiO2. The properties, opacification mechanism, and yellowing inhibition of the prepared ceramic glazes were studied. The results show that the ATO is characterized by a uniform coating of TiO2 on the surface of the apatite and the formation of close chemical bonding between the apatite and TiO2. The ceramic glaze surface when using an ATO has a white appearance and excellent opacification performance. When an ATO was used, the L*, a*, and b* values of the glaze were 89.99, −0.85, and 3.37, respectively, which were comparable to those of a ZrSiO4 glaze (L*, a*, and b* were 88.24, −0.02, and 2.29, respectively). The opacification of the glaze was slightly lower than that of the TiO2 glaze (L* value was 92.13), but the appearance changed from yellow to the white of the TiO2 glaze (b* value was 9.18). The ceramic glaze layer when using an ATO mainly consists of titanite, glass phase, and a small amount of quartz, and the opacification mechanism is the crystallization of the generated titanite. ATOs can play an active role in solving the critical problem that arises when TiO2 replaces ZrSiO4 as an opacifier.
The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Tailing Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Xu Fan , Li Zhijun , Li Tao , Wang Sheliang
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to develop sustainable concrete by recycling concrete aggregates from steel waste and construction waste (iron ore tailings (IOTs) and recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs)) to replace silica sand and natural coarse aggregates. In experimental testing, the compressive strength, peak strain, elastic modulus, energy dissipated under compression, and compressive stress–strain curve were analyzed. Microscopically, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry were employed to investigate the microstructural characteristics of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and the results were compared with the ITZs of natural aggregate concrete and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). In addition, the pore structure of concrete was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. The results revealed that an appropriate IOT content can improve the ITZ and compactness of RAC, as well as optimize the mechanical and deformation properties of RAC. However, due to the presence of a smaller number of microcracks on the surface of IOT particles, excessive IOTs could reduce the integrity of the matrix structure and weaken the strength of concrete. According to the research, replacing silica sand with 30% IOTs led to a reduction in the porosity and microcracking which resulted in a much denser microstructure.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Micro Scale Using Helical Connectors
Authors: Abraham Malyne , Abboud Zachary , Arriaga Gabriel Herrera , Tom Kendall , Austin Samuel , Vafaei Saeid
Published: February 2024

Microscale electronics have become increasingly more powerful, requiring more efficient cooling systems to manage the higher thermal loads. To meet this need, current research has been focused on overcoming the inefficiencies present in typical thermal management systems due to low Reynolds numbers within microchannels and poor physical properties of the working fluids. For the first time, this research investigated the effects of a connector with helical geometry on the heat transfer coefficient at low Reynolds numbers. The introduction of a helical connector at the inlet of a microchannel has been experimentally tested and results have shown that this approach to flow augmentation has a great potential to increase the heat transfer capabilities of the working fluid, even at low Reynolds numbers. In general, a helical connector can act as a stabilizer or a mixer, based on the characteristics of the connector for the given conditions. When the helical connector acts as a mixer, secondary flows develop that increase the random motion of molecules and possible nanoparticles, leading to an enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient in the microchannel. Otherwise, the heat transfer coefficient decreases. It is widely known that introducing nanoparticles into the working fluids has the potential to increase the thermal conductivity of the base fluid, positively impacting the heat transfer coefficient; however, viscosity also tends to increase, reducing the random motion of molecules and ultimately reducing the heat transfer capabilities of the working fluid. Therefore, optimizing the effects of nanoparticles characteristics while reducing viscous effects is essential. In this study, deionized water and deionized water–diamond nanofluid at 0.1 wt% were tested in a two-microchannel system fitted with a helical connector in between. It was found that the helical connector can make a great heat transfer coefficient enhancement in low Reynolds numbers when characteristics of geometry are optimized for given conditions.
Influence of a Biofiller, Polylactide, on the General Characteristics of Epoxy-Based Materials
Authors: Plota-Pietrzak Angelika , Czechowski Leszek , Masek Anna
Published: February 2024

The aim of this work was to obtain epoxy-based composite structures with good mechanical performance, high aging resistance, and an improved degradability profile. For this purpose, powdered polylactide in the amount of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 phr was introduced into the epoxy resin, and the composites were fabricated by a simple method, which is similar to that used on an industrial scale in the fabrication of these products. The first analysis concerned the study of the effect of PLA addition to epoxy resin-based composites on their mechanical properties. One-directional tensile tests of samples were performed for three directions (0, 90, and 45 degrees referring to the plate edges). Another aspect of this research was the assessment of the resistance of these composites to long-term exposure to solar radiation and elevated temperature. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the samples containing 20 or 40 phr of polylactide were characterized by the lowest resistance to the solar aging process. It was therefore concluded that the optimal amount of polylactide in the epoxy resin composite should not be greater than 10 phr to maintain its mechanical behavior and high aging resistance. In the available literature, there are many examples in which scientists have proposed the use of various biofillers (e.g., lignin, starch, rice husk, coconut shell powder) in epoxy composites; however, the impact of polylactide on the general characteristics of the epoxy resin has not been described so far. Therefore, this work perfectly fills the gaps in the literature and may contribute to a more widespread use of additives of natural origin, which may constitute an excellent alternative to commonly used non-renewable compounds.
An Extended Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi (EKAI) Model to Simulate Dynamic Characteristics of Polycrystalline-Ferroelectric-Gate Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Sakai Shigeki , Takahashi Mitsue
Published: February 2024

A physics-based model on polarization switching in ferroelectric polycrystalline films is proposed. The calculation results by the model agree well with experimental results regarding dynamic operations of ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors (FeFETs). In the model, an angle θ for each grain in the ferroelectric polycrystal is defined, where θ is the angle between the spontaneous polarization and the film normal direction. Under a constant electric field for a single-crystal film with θ = 0, phenomena regarding polarization domain nucleation and wall propagation are well described by the Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi theory. Since the electric fields are time-dependent in FeFET operations and the θ values are distributed in the polycrystalline film, the model in this paper forms an extended Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi (EKAI) model. Under a low electric field, the nucleation and domain propagation proceed according to thermally activated processes, meaning that switching the time scale of a grain with the angle θ is proportional to an exponential form as exp(const./Ezcosθ) [Ez: the film-normal electric field]. Wide θ distribution makes the time response quite broad even on the logarithmic scale, which relates well with the broad switching time experimentally shown by FeFETs. The EKAI model is physics based and need not assume non-physical distribution functions in it.
Research on the Grinding Performance of an Electroplated Coarse-Grained Diamond Grinding Wheel by Dressing
Authors: Xia Yongqi , Deng Shibo , Wu Mingtao , Ni Binkun
Published: February 2024

The coarse-grained electroplated diamond grinding wheels is increasingly favored in precision grinding of hard and brittle materials owing to its high material removal efficiency, high wear resistance and steady surface contour accuracy. However, how to determine whether the dressed grinding wheel surface topography can achieve the desired precision ground surface quality is still a huge challenge to this day. In this paper, a novel numerical simulation model, which was established basing on the statistical features of actual electroplated coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel and the kinetics of the grinding process, was proposed for theoretically and thoroughly studying the influence of the surface dressing depth of coarse-grained electroplated diamond grinding wheel on ground workpiece surface morphology. At first, the statistical features of actual electroplated coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel was acquired and a novel numerical grinding wheel surface model was established. Subsequently, a numerical ground workpiece surface simulation model was also developed. And then, the evolving mechanism of the grinding wheel surface topography with the dressed wheel surface abrasive grain protrusion height was theoretically studied by numerical simulation. Moreover, the influence of the wheel surface abrasive grain protrusion height on the ground surface roughness was thoroughly researched by means of theoretical model and experiments. The simulation and experiments results in this paper indicated that precision ground workpiece surface with nano-scale surface roughness can be acquired by grinding with a dressed grinding wheel with a certain abrasive grain protrusion height of 25% of the typical abrasive size. Comparing with the undressed grinding wheel (grinding wheel with original surface topography and not be dressed), the surface roughness Sa and Sq of the surface ground with a well-dressed wheel can achieving a significant decrease of 97.75–99.77% and 97.57–99.73%, respectively. Therefore, carefully dressing the electroplated coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel is of great significance for obtaining a precision ground workpiece surface quality.
Thermomechanical Rotor Fatigue of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Sahu Ashish Kumar , Haddad Reemon Z. , Al-Ani Dhafar , Bilgin Berker
Published: February 2024

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are extensively used as traction motors today because of their exceptional torque, power density, and wide, constant power operating range. Under real-world usage, an IPMSM rotor undergoes varying electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical loads. Under such conditions, fatigue life-based design criteria should be used over stress-based design criteria to ensure the structural integrity of the rotor. Moreover, the driving dynamics can change the rotor temperature continuously, which affects the electromagnetic, mechanical, and fatigue properties of the rotor material. This paper proposes a robust thermomechanical rotor fatigue simulation workflow considering significant loads acting on an IPMSM rotor and the temperature variation throughout a drive cycle. It discusses an accelerated fatigue life estimation approach based on the peak valley extraction method to reduce the simulation time significantly for the stress and fatigue analysis. Then, it presents a method for a stress-life curve generation for variable loading. It also presents a sensitivity study with a median S-N curve, and a 90% reliability and 95% confidence (R90C95) S-N curve.
The Role of Ergonomic and Human Factors in Sustainable Manufacturing: A Review
Authors: Hasanain Bassam
Published: February 2024

The study and implementation of ergonomics are vital for the growth of industries and improvement in work cultures. Sustainable manufacturing cannot be achieved without the implementation of human-factor ergonomics. Ergonomics is used to analyze the link between research studies and industrial practices in order to maximize the efficiency of processes by keeping in view the well-being of workforce. Designing tools, tasks, machines, systems, jobs, and settings for efficient, safe, and successful human usage involves applying knowledge about human behavior, abilities, and limitations. Workers are the backbone of the manufacturing economy. The review outlines significant advancements in preventing ergonomic problems during the design stage of the manufacturing process to achieve sustainability. The bibliometric analysis is used to identify the literature base for ergonomics. To maximize the benefits of ergonomics and to integrate sustainable practices, various methods are required to organize existing processes and technologies. The human-centered design identifies problems and aligns the output with the intended objectives of sustainability. The goal of human factors and ergonomics is to successfully integrate people into systems and develop the manufacturing processes around the well-being of workers and sustainability principles. Similarly, ergoecology, eco-ergonomics, and green ergonomics are frequently used for sustainable manufacturing. Achieving sustainability in manufacturing is not possible without considering human ergonomics. Ergonomists frequently research management, planning, and other topics to increase the efficiency of the manufacturing process. Efficient worker performance and quality of life can be enhanced through work design, management, and organizational ergonomics. Human ergonomics relates sustainability with cognitive variables such as situational awareness, human reliability, and decision-making abilities. This review explains the role of human factors and ergonomics for sustainable manufacturing.
On Torque Vectoring Control: Review and Comparison of State-of-the-Art Approaches
Authors: Asperti Michele , Vignati Michele , Sabbioni Edoardo
Published: February 2024

Torque vectoring is a widely known technique to improve vehicle handling and to increase stability in limit conditions. With the advent of electric vehicles, this is becoming a key topic since it is possible to have distributed powertrains, i.e., multiple motors are adopted, in which each motor is controlled separately from the others. Moreover, electric motors deliver the torque required by the controller faster and more precisely than internal combustion engines, active differentials and conventional hydraulic brakes. The state of the art of Direct Yaw Moment Control (DYC) techniques, ranging from classical to modern control theories, are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The aim is to give an overview of the currently available approaches while identifying their drawbacks regarding performances and robustness when dealing with common issues like model uncertainties, external disturbances, friction limit and common state estimation problems. This contribution analyzes all the steps from the lateral dynamics reference generation to the desired control action computation and allocation to the available actuators. In addition, some of the presented control logic is evaluated in a simulation environment for a passenger car. Results of both open-loop and closed-loop maneuvers allow the comparison and clarification of each control strategy’s key advantages.
Investigation of the Fork–Join System with Markovian Arrival Process Arrivals and Phase-Type Service Time Distribution Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Vishnevsky Vladimir Mironovich , Klimenok Valentina Ivanovna , Sokolov Aleksandr Mikhailovich , Larionov Andrey Alekseevich
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a study of fork–join systems. The fork–join system breaks down each customer into numerous tasks and processes them on separate servers. Once all tasks are finished, the customer is considered completed. This design enables the efficient handling of customers. The customers enter the system in a MAP flow. This helps create a more realistic and flexible representation of how customers arrive. It is important for modeling various real-life scenarios. Customers are divided into K≥2 tasks and assigned to different subsystems. The number of tasks matches the number of subsystems. Each subsystem has a server that processes tasks, and a buffer that temporarily stores tasks waiting to be processed. The service time of a task by the k-th server follows a PH (phase-type) distribution with an irreducible representation (βk, Sk), 1≤k≤K. An analytical solution was derived for the case of K=2 when the input MAP flow and service time follow a PH distribution. We have efficient algorithms to calculate the stationary distribution and performance characteristics of the fork–join system for this case. In general cases, this paper suggests using a combination of Monte Carlo and machine learning methods to study the performance of fork–join systems. In this paper, we present the results of our numerical experiments.
Existence and Limit Behavior of Constraint Minimizers for a Varying Non-Local Kirchhoff-Type Energy Functional
Authors: Zhu Xincai , Wu Hanxiao
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study the constrained minimization problem for an energy functional which is related to a Kirchhoff-type equation. For s=1, there many articles have analyzed the limit behavior of minimizers when η>0 as b→0+ or b>0 as η→0+. When the equation involves a varying non-local term ∫R3|∇u|2dxs, we give a detailed limit behavior analysis of constrained minimizers for any positive sequence {ηk} with ηk→0+. The present paper obtains an interesting result on this topic and enriches the conclusions of previous works.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Control of a Power Electronic Converter
Authors: Alfred Dajr , Czarkowski Dariusz , Teng Jiaxin
Published: February 2024

This article presents a modern, data-driven, reinforcement learning-based (RL-based), discrete-time control methodology for power electronic converters. Additionally, the key advantages and disadvantages of this novel control method in comparison to classical frequency-domain-derived PID control are examined. One key advantage of this technique is that it obviates the need to derive an accurate system/plant model by utilizing measured data to iteratively solve for an optimal control solution. This optimization algorithm stems from the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and involves the iterative solution of an algebraic Riccati equation (ARE). Simulation results implemented on a buck converter are provided to verify the effectiveness and examine the limitations of the proposed control strategy. The implementation of a classical Type-III compensator was also simulated to serve as a performance comparison to the proposed controller.
The Second-Order Numerical Approximation for a Modified Ericksen–Leslie Model
Authors: Liao Cheng , Wang Danxia , Zhang Haifeng
Published: February 2024

In this study, two numerical schemes with second-order accuracy in time for a modified Ericksen–Leslie model are constructed. The highlight is based on a novel convex splitting method for dealing with the nonlinear potentials, which is integrated with the second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) and leap frog method for temporal discretization and the finite element method for spatial discretization. The unconditional energy stability of both schemes is further demonstrated. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed schemes.
An Inertial Parametric Douglas–Rachford Splitting Method for Nonconvex Problems
Authors: Lu Tianle , Zhang Xue
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose an inertial parametric Douglas–Rachford splitting method for minimizing the sum of two nonconvex functions, which has a wide range of applications. The proposed algorithm combines the inertial technique, the parametric technique, and the Douglas–Rachford method. Subsequently, in theoretical analysis, we construct a new merit function and establish the convergence of the sequence generated by the inertial parametric Douglas–Rachford splitting method. Finally, we present some numerical results on nonconvex feasibility problems to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
New Results on Ulam Stabilities of Nonlinear Integral Equations
Authors: Tunç Osman , Tunç Cemil , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the study of Hyers–Ulam stability (HU stability) and Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability (HUR stability) for two classes of nonlinear Volterra integral equations (VIEqs), which are Hammerstein-type integral and Hammerstein-type functional integral equations, respectively. In this article, both the HU stability and HUR stability are obtained for the first integral equation and the HUR stability is obtained for the second integral equation. Among the used techniques, we present fixed point arguments and the Gronwall lemma as a basic tool. Two supporting examples are also provided to demonstrate the applications and effectiveness of the results.
The Presence of Bioactive Compounds in European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Skin: A Comparative Study with Edible Tissue
Authors: Bote Antía , Trigo Marcos , Martínez Sidonia , Aubourg Santiago P.
Published: February 2024

The presence of bioactive compounds in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) skin was studied. Proximate and lipid class compositions and analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile (individual FAs; FA groups, i.e., saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated; FA ratios, i.e., polyunsaturated/saturated, ω3/ω6) were determined and compared to the composition of the eel muscle. As a result, higher (p < 0.05) levels of proteins (271.6 g·kg−1), lipids (38.0 g·kg−1), ash (27.7 g·kg−1), and ω6 FAs were observed in the skin tissue. Contrary, the muscle tissue showed higher (p < 0.05) moisture, ω3 FA, and ω3/ω6 ratio values. Regarding lipid classes, a higher (p < 0.05) proportion of phospholipids (111.1 g·kg−1 lipids), free sterols (104.7 g·kg−1 lipids), α-tocopherol (274.0 mg·kg−1 lipids), and free FAs (43.6 g·kg−1 lipids) was observed in the skin tissue. No differences (p > 0.05) between both tissues could be detected for triacylglycerol and FA group (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) values and for the polyunsaturated/saturated FA ratio. It is concluded that European eel skin, a by-product resulting from commercial processing, can be considered a valuable source for the food and pharmaceutical industries by providing value-added constituents such as proteins, lipids, ω3 FAs, phospholipids, and α-tocopherol.
Effect of Iron Concentration on the Co-Production of Fucoxanthin and Fatty Acids in Conticribra weissflogii
Authors: Peng Ke , Amenorfenyo David Kwame , Rui Xiangyu , Huang Xianghu , Li Changling , Li Feng
Published: February 2024

The production of fucoxanthin and fatty acids in Conticribra weissflogii has been examined, but there is still a lack of understanding regarding the impact of trace elements, including iron, on their co-production. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the effects of FeCl3·6H2O on the growth, fucoxanthin, and fatty acids of C. weissflogii. The findings revealed that the highest cell density (1.9 × 106 cells mL−1), cell dry weight (0.89 ± 0.15 g L−1), and total fatty acid concentration (83,318.13 µg g−1) were achieved at an iron concentration of 15.75 mg L−1, while the maximum carotenoid and fucoxanthin contents were obtained at an iron concentration of 3.15 mg L−1. The study demonstrated that the content of the active substance in C. weissflogii could be increased by adjusting the iron concentration, providing new information as to the more efficient co-production of fucoxanthin and fatty acids and offering experimental support for large-scale production.
Differential Proteomic Analysis of Low-Dose Chronic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Authors: Liu Xiujie , Wang Fuli , Yu Huilan , Liu Changcai , Xia Junmei , Ma Yangde , Chen Bo , Liu Shilei
Published: February 2024

Shellfish poisoning is a common food poisoning. To comprehensively characterize proteome changes in the whole brain due to shellfish poisoning, Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based differential proteomic analysis was performed with a low-dose chronic shellfish poisoning model in mice. A total of 6798 proteins were confidently identified, among which 123 proteins showed significant changes (fold changes of >1.2 or <0.83, p < 0.05). In positive regulation of synaptic transmission, proteins assigned to a presynaptic membrane (e.g., Grik2) and synaptic transmission (e.g., Fmr1) changed. In addition, altered proteins in nervous system development were observed, suggesting that mice suffered nerve damage due to the nervous system being activated. Ion transport in model mice was demonstrated by a decrease in key enzymes (e.g., Kcnj11) in voltage-gated ion channel activity and solute carrier family (e.g., Slc38a3). Meanwhile, alterations in transferase activity proteins were observed. In conclusion, these modifications observed in brain proteins between the model and control mice provide valuable insights into understanding the functional mechanisms underlying shellfish poisoning.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Everyday Neurosurgical Practice in Alsace, France: Lessons Learned, Current Perspectives, and Future Challenges—Preliminary Results of a Longitudinal Multicentric Study Registry
Authors: Dannhoff Guillaume , Mallereau Charles-Henry , Ganau Mario , Carangelo Biagio Roberto , Spatola Giorgio , Todeschi Julien , Prisco Lara , Maduri Rodolfo , Santin Marie des Neiges , Woelffel Sandrine , Mastrobuono Isabella , Voirin Jimmy , Moruzzi Franco , Nannavecchia Beniamino , Muzii Vitaliano Francesco , Zalaffi Alessandro , Bruno Carmen , Chibbaro Salvatore
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: The global outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted healthcare worldwide, impacting the organization of intensive care units and surgical care units. This study aimed to document the daily neurosurgical activity in Alsace, France, one of the European epicenters of the pandemic, and provide evidence of the adaptive strategies deployed during such a critical time for healthcare services. Materials and Methods: The multicentric longitudinal study was based on a prospective cohort of patients requiring neurosurgical care in the Neurosurgical Departments of Alsace, France, between March 2020 and March 2022. Surgical activity was compared with pre-pandemic performances through data obtained from electronic patient records. Results: A total of 3842 patients benefited from care in a neurosurgical unit during the period of interest; 2352 of them underwent surgeries with a wide range of pathologies treated. Surgeries were initially limited to neurosurgical emergencies only, then urgent cases were slowly reinstated; however, a significant drop in surgical volume and case mix was noticed during lockdown (March–May 2020). The crisis continued to impact surgical activity until March 2022; functional procedures were postponed, though some spine surgeries could progressively be performed starting in October 2021. Various social factors, such as increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic, influenced the severity of traumatic pathologies. The progressive return to the usual profile of surgical activity was characterized by a rebound of oncological interventions. Deferrable procedures for elective spinal and functional pathologies were the most affected, with unexpected medical and social impacts. Conclusions: The task shifting and task sharing approaches implemented during the first wave of the pandemic supported the reorganization of neurosurgical care in its aftermath and enabled the safe and timely execution of a broad spectrum of surgeries. Despite the substantial disruption to routine practices, marked by a significant reduction in elective surgical volumes, comprehensive records demonstrate the successful management of the full range of neurosurgical pathologies. This underscores the efficacy of adaptive strategies in navigating the challenges imposed by the largest healthcare crisis in recent history. Those lessons will continue to provide valuable insights and guidance for health and care managers to prepare for future unpredictable scenarios.
Acute Heart Failure in the Course of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Due to Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Kuna Jakub , Chmielewski Grzegorz , Jaśkiewicz Łukasz , Krajewska-Włodarczyk Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Macrophage activation syndrome is an uncommon yet dangerous and potentially fatal complication of many rheumatic diseases, inducing multiple organ failure, including, although rarely, acute heart failure. In the following paper, we present a case of a 37-year-old woman who, in a short period of time after a gynecological procedure due to fetal death, developed full-blown lupus erythematosus leading to early stages of macrophage activation syndrome with acute heart failure as its main clinical manifestation. We also include herein a brief literature review of the current understanding of diverse macrophage populations and their functions in various organs (focusing especially on the heart muscle), as well as a summary of different attempts at composing concise criteria for diagnosing macrophage activation syndrome.