bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of such strategy as frequency modulation for grid-side energy storage control-terminal in response to frequency fluctuations in the new power system grid
Authors: Ming Xin , Ma Shizhe , Bai Yuanlong , Liu Chuanbo , Yao Yuchi , Su Xu , Zhang Mengyu , Han Yishu , Gai Di , Lv Jiaolong
Published: September 2024

This paper focuses on the refinement of the control strategy for grid-side energy storage systems as they engage in primary and secondary frequency modulation within an emerging smart grid. To attain an optimal outcome, traditional frequency modulation methods, which often require high-precision operations and extended adjustment periods, fall short of the stringent demands posed by modern power systems for swift and responsive frequency modulation. Under such circumstances, the grid-side energy storage control-terminal system presents a viable solution for managing energy storage, thereby providing rapid and precise assistance to the power system’s frequency modulation. By implementing a control mechanism that can adaptively switch between ARR signal-based and ACE signal-based frequency adjustments, a segmented parallel control approach ensures that the energy storage system can promptly and effectively modify the power within the grid system, facilitating swift frequency modulation.
A new data-driven distributed power grid load storage resource-wide area voltage self-optimization control method for distribution system
Authors: Zhou Quan , Lao Yongchang , Yin Yongliang , Lin Qingyun
Published: September 2024

Different from the conventional energy distribution network, which solely relies on energy distribution, the novel distribution system gradually exhibits a complex and interconnected form of various resources, such as source network load storage. These resources possess characteristics of “multi-point, wide area, and small amount” distribution. Investigating the potential for wide-area voltage regulation by using distributed resources like renewable energy power generation, distributed energy storage, and flexible loads is crucial for constructing a highly integrated source network load storage in the new type of distribution system. This paper proposes a novel data-driven method for optimizing control of wide-area voltage through distributed power network load storage resources. By comprehensively and cooperatively controlling renewable energy power generation, energy storage systems, and flexible loads, this approach enhances the quality of wide-area voltage in the distribution network while ensuring optimal utilization of energy storage capacity and minimizing network losses. The effectiveness and advanced nature of this method are demonstrated by applying it to an urban distribution network example. Compared to traditional voltage regulation methods, this approach aligns better with the requirements for voltage regulation in the new type of distribution network.
A method for measuring capacitive current in distribution networks based on injection signal method
Authors: Yuan Jing , Geng Chong , Gao Yan , Lou Mengyang , Ma Lei
Published: September 2024

In view of the problems that exist in the current distribution network, such as the narrow range of measurement capacitance to the ground and the difficulty of selecting the appropriate signal frequency. Based on the phasor method, this paper proposes a method for measuring capacitance current in a distribution network based on injected signal and analyzes and calculates the error of the method. The measurement technique involves inputting two constant-amplitude signals—one high-frequency and one low-frequency—into a zero-sequence PT (Potential Transformer) configured with an open delta connection. Based on the equivalent circuit models for both high and low-frequency signals, the high-frequency signal’s increased frequency allows the magnitude to be disregarded, simplifying the calculations. Using a simplified equation for the low-frequency signal component, this method enables rapid calculation of the capacitor current in the distribution network. Based on MATLAB software, the simulation calculation model is established, and the simulation results show that the measurement method is simple to calculate and has high accuracy, which can be used to measure the large-capacity grounding capacitance current test, so as to improve the measurement accuracy of the capacitance current of medium and low voltage distribution network.
Development and application of multi-parameter real-time acquisition system for intelligent secondary equipment
Authors: Gan Yunhua , Zou Zhiyang , Zhang Qingping , Rao Dan , Zhao Lanying , Zhang Chengbin
Published: September 2024

A multi-parameter real-time collection and analysis system, including intelligent secondary equipment, data collection gateway, and health management backend, has been constructed to solve the problem of current incomplete monitoring data and inability to providential warning of hidden faults of intelligent secondary equipment in substations. The key feature parameters of the device’s functional modules were extracted, and a data collection gateway was developed to achieve IoT access to feature data. A fault identification and warning model for the secondary equipment functional module considering temperature is provided, which realizes the assessment of equipment health status and ensures the stable and reliable operation of the power grid.
MPPT control strategy of photovoltaic based on improved zebra optimization algorithm
Authors: Wei Xiangyu , Zhang Ting , Liu Ruizhi
Published: September 2024

According to the power generation principle of solar cells, the mathematical model analysis of photovoltaic cells shows that in order to maintain the maximum output power, the work of photovoltaic cells needs to be maintained at the maximum power point. Energy issues are global concerns, and the rational utilization of renewable energy is key to solving these problems. Solar energy, the most readily available source of energy, is characterized by its cleanliness, renewability, and permanence, meeting the requirements for new energy generation. This paper, addressing the shortcomings of the traditional particle swarm algorithm, proposes an MPPT based on an improved zebra optimization algorithm. This strategy is designed to decrease the energy loss during oscillation processes and increase convergence speed. Its performance advantages are also verified through simulation.
Development of universal working bodies for cultivators in inter-row processing of cotton
Authors: Temirov S , Khatamov B
Published: September 2024

The development of multifunctional universal working bodies that can perform various functions with quick and uncomplicated adjustment, low energy and material consumption, and ensure high-quality processing of row spacing throughout the entire growing season of plants is in high demand. The project documents were developed for mastering the production of a cultivator with a universal working body and were introduced into the design process at BMKB-Agromash JSC. As a result, a universal working body was developed and installed on the beam of the KXU-4B cultivator, featuring quick and easy adjustment and low metal consumption. The use of a cotton cultivator equipped with universal working bodies in inter-row processing of cotton is expected to reduce labor costs by 16.0%, exploitation costs by 15.56%, and metal consumption of the aggregate by 1.23 times, as well as fuel consumption per hectare of cultivated field by 11.26%. To achieve this, a universal working body was designed that performs all technological operations typically performed by multiple working bodies mounted on existing cultivators without compromising quality. The universal working body is equipped with a wide right and left blade, allowing for the cultivation of the middle of the cotton row, slopes, and weed cutting. The result is a constructive scheme of a universal working body, where working parts are concentrated in one column, enabling the performance of technological operations during different vegetative seasons.
Assessment of the impact of agricultural tractor wheels on soil compaction
Authors: Tukhtabayev M , Madraximov A
Published: September 2024

This article presents the results of an experimental study on the impact of leading wheel tires 15.5R38 and 16.9R38 on soil. Specifically, the study analyzed the influence of vertical load on the maximum tire pressure (MTA) and internal air pressure on soil. The variations in maximum soil pressures of 15.5R38 and 16.9R38 tires at different internal air pressures depending on corresponding loads were investigated. The characteristics of changes in permissible pressure and loading of tires on soil are graphically depicted, and the permissible standards for their use in agricultural work are determined. Recommendations are provided for using tires at the minimum and maximum permissible internal air pressures. Using values smaller than the recommended values can lead to a decrease in the useful life of the tire.
Study of heat transfer and hydrodynamic processes in a full-size thermosyphon installation under the influence of solar radiation with coolant
Authors: Tyemurkhanov Anver , Tovarnyx Gennadiy , Utaev Sobir
Published: September 2024

This article discusses the theoretical background and results of the study of heat exchange and hydrodynamic processes occurring in a thermosiphon installation. One of the important characteristics of the operation of thermosiphons is their ultimate heat transfer capacity, the calculation of which allows us to create a reliable, highly efficient heat exchange device. For optimal design and improvement of the technical and economic indicators of a thermosiphon installation, it is necessary to develop and improve scientifically based methods for calculating the processes occurring in the elements of its design. The purpose of the experimental part of the work was to test the selected theoretical model and more accurately determine the physical picture of the processes occurring in full-scale thermosiphon installations by measuring not only integral, but also local characteristics of the installation. There is intense heating of the liquid in the collector in the first half of the day (from 11 to 13 hours) and a slowdown in the rate of increase in temperature at the outlet of the collector in the second half of the day. A drop in the level of solar radiation in the second half of the day does not lead to a significant decrease in the temperature at the outlet of the collector, which is obviously explained by an increase in the temperature of the liquid at the inlet to the collector during the period under consideration. The presence of a long period of lag in the increase in the temperature of the liquid at the inlet to the collector compared to the temperature at the outlet is associated with the inertia of thermal processes in the system. The time interval from the beginning of the experiment to the beginning of the increase in the temperature of the liquid at the inlet to the collector coincides with the period of a single circulation of the liquid in the system.
Justification of turning disc plow parameters for tillage machines in agriculture
Authors: Tukhtakuziev Abdusalim , Ishmuradov Shuhrat
Published: September 2024

This study presents the results of theoretical research conducted on the parameters of the working bodies of a turning disk plough. Analytical expressions were derived to determine the longitudinal distance between the working bodies, based on the condition that the located working body is outside the zone of influence on the palm. The calculations indicate that the direction of movement of the working bodies and the installation angles relative to the vertical should be within the ranges of 40-45° and 15-25°, respectively. Additionally, the disc diameter should be at least 600 mm, the radius of curvature should be at least 700 mm, and the transverse and longitudinal distances between the working bodies should be suitable, with values between 30-36 cm and at least 53 cm, respectively.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the mathematical description electrochemical purification of oil-contaminated soil
Authors: Shulaev N S , Kadyrov R R , Pryanichnikova V V
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical method is one of the most promising solutions for oil-contaminated soil remediation by passing small constant electric currents. The creation of installations for the electrochemical treatment of oil-contaminated soils requires an understanding of the ongoing processes, which can be achieved by developing a mathematical model. In this paper, we consider obtaining a mathematical description of the change of the oil pollution concentration from the time of direct current treatment and the distance to the electrodes, followed by experimental verification of the adequacy of the models to real electrochemical processes in oil-contaminated soils. The article shows the main approaches and stages of obtaining mathematical models for assessing the cleaning effectiveness. Mathematical models of pollutant concentration changes of the depending on the time and distance to the electrodes were obtained. A correlation between the most important design parameters of the installation and the parameters of the electrochemical process has been established. The resulting models can be used to design installations for electrochemical treatment of oil-contaminated soils.
Green infrastructure as a factor of sustainable urban development: current status and prospects
Authors: Stepanenko E E , Khalikova V A , Bezgina Y A , Zelenskaya T G , Okrut S V
Published: September 2024

The article reflects the results of the assessment of the current state and functioning of the green infrastructure of the urban environment. A thorough survey of the territory and a clear functional zoning were carried out. A study of the features of Landscaping and landscaping of urban forests was conducted and a whole range of issues related to the formation of a full-fledged environment for human recreation was identified. The research has established plants that can withstand high temperature conditions and low humidity, high levels of dust and gases in the air of the urban environment, soil compaction, etc. In the course of research, it was revealed that coniferous plants play a large role in the creation of decorative compositions. For a shaded lawn, special types of herbs are used that can do without direct sunlight. Local creators and artists can be involved in the creation of unusual forest art objects. This will create additional interest in visiting and contribute to the dissemination of information about the city and its attractions on social networks, creating an attractive tourist image. The improvement of the city’s forest area will create opportunities for organizing full-fledged recreation for urban residents, and will have a beneficial effect on their psychological and physical condition. Thus, a sufficient number of well-maintained public spaces have a positive effect on the physical and psycho-emotional health of a city dweller, on the effectiveness of his work.
Introduction to Belavin-Drinfeld Quantum Groups
Authors: Hodges Timothy
Published: September 2024

In this article we discuss the Belavin-Drinfeld quantum groups, one of the most fascinating and elusive classes of non-standard quantum groups. Belavin and Drinfeld classified all non-skewsymmetric classical

r
r

-matrices for simple Lie algebras

g

\mathfrak {g}

. Etingof, Schedler and Schiffmann constructed explicit formal quantizations of the associated Poisson groups. Yakimov has shown that the same construction can be used to construct algebraic quantizations. This opens up a potentially extremely interesting field of study. This article describes the construction of the associated quantized algebra of functions and the analog of the quantized universal enveloping algebra. A number of conjectures and open questions are described.
An example of a quadratic AS-regular algebra without any point modules
Authors: Vancliff Michaela
Published: September 2024

Although it has been known for decades that a quadratic AS-regular algebra of global dimension 

n
n

need not have any point modules if

n
≥
5

n \geq 5

, an explicit example appears to be absent, prior to the present article, from the published literature. This situation was brought to the attention of the author by the anonymous referee of D. Rogalski’s survey article Artin-Schelter Regular Algebras, who encouraged the author of the present article to remedy the situation. Consequently, an explicit example is presented herein of a quadratic AS-regular algebra of global dimension five that is a graded Clifford algebra having no point modules.
Deformations of gentle 𝐴_{∞}-algebras
Authors: Bocklandt Raf , van de Kreeke Jasper
Published: September 2024

In this paper we calculate the Hochschild cohomology of gentle

A
∞

A_\infty

-algebras of arc collections on marked surfaces. When the underlying arc collection has no loops or two-cycles, we show that the dgla structure of the Hochschild complex is formal and give an explicit realization of all deformations up to gauge equivalence.
A survey on Zariski cancellation problems for noncommutative and Poisson algebras
Authors: Huang Hongdi , Tang Xin , Wang Xingting
Published: September 2024

In this article, we discuss some recent developments of the Zariski Cancellation Problem in the setting of noncommutative algebras and Poisson algebras.
Discovery in leaf litter: uncovering the systematics of Porcelloderes (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phimophorinae)
Authors: Ramirez Jamie , Grebennikov Vasily , Weirauch Christiane
Published: September 2024

The subfamily Phimophorinae includes ~113 species of cryptic assassin bugs found in the Neotropics and Paleotropics. Presumably due to its small size, cryptic coloration, and occurrence in the remote Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), Porcelloderes impenetrabilis Rédei, 2012 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Phimophorinae), was only recently described as the first representative of this subfamily from mainland Africa. Previous morphology-based phylogenetic research on Phimophorinae (then known as Physoderinae or Epiroderinae) recovered Porcelloderes as sister taxon to the remaining epiroderine-lineage of Phimophorinae. Recent fieldwork in Tanzania has resulted in 241 additional specimens of Porcelloderes from 3 EAM) ranges. We used molecular and morphological analyses for these 241 specimens to (i) determine their species identity, (ii) test the phylogenetic position of Porcelloderes within Phimophorinae, and (iii) determine if divergence within Porcelloderes coincides with periods of climate-driven forest fragmentation in the EAM. Specimens from the Kimboza and Nguru Mountains likely represent P. impenetrabilis, but we here describe Porcelloderes harles, n. sp., from the Udzungwa Mountains. Our molecular phylogeny shows Porcelloderes nested within the epiroderine-lineage of Phimophorinae and as sister taxon to a Madagascar clade. We estimate that the epiroderine-lineage diverged from other Phimophorinae ~44 MYA. The divergence estimates for the 2 Porcelloderes species is ~15 MYA, consistent with proposed dates for other EAM assassin bugs and a period of forest fragmentation.
Adaptation of feeding behaviors on two Brassica species by colonizing and noncolonizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) NW whiteflies
Authors: Zhou Jaclyn S , Xu Huaying Karen , Drucker Martin , Ng James C K
Published: September 2024

Bemisia tabaci New World (NW) (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a whitefly in the B. tabaci species complex, is polyphagous on many plant species. Yet, it has been displaced, albeit not entirely, by other whitefly species. Potential causes could include issues with adaptation, feeding, and the colonization of new-hosts; however, insights that would help clarify these possibilities are lacking. Here, we sought to address these gaps by performing electropenetrography (EPG) recordings of NW whiteflies, designated “Napus” and “Rapa,” reared on 2 colony hosts, Brassica napus and B. rapa, respectively. Analysis of 17 probing and pathway (pw) phase-related EPG variables revealed that the whiteflies exhibited unique probing behaviors on their respective colony hosts, with some deterrence being encountered on B. rapa. Upon switching to B. rapa and B. napus, the probing patterns of Napus and Rapa whiteflies, respectively, adapted quickly to these new-hosts to resemble that of whiteflies feeding on their colony hosts. Results for 3 of the EPG variables suggested that B. rapa’s deterrence against Napus whitefly was significant prior to the phloem phase. This also suggested that adaptation by Rapa whitefly improved its pw probing on B. rapa. Based on analysis of 24 phloem phase-related EPG variables, Napus and Rapa whiteflies performed equally well once they entered phloem phase and exhibited comparable phloem acceptability on both the colony- and new-hosts. These findings demonstrate that NW whiteflies reared on a colony host are highly adaptable to feeding on a new host despite encountering some deterrence during the nonphloem phases in B. rapa plant.
A biopsychosocial questionnaire for patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: The BETY-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire
Authors: Ahıskalı Gamze Nur , Tüfekçi Orkun , Karaca Nur Banu , Ekici Mustafa , Nacar Nazlı Elif , Buran Sinan , Kantar Mine , Apraş Bilgen Şule , Kiraz Sedat , Ünal Edibe
Published: September 2024

Objective

The BETY-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) is a scale developed to assess the biopsychosocial domains of patients with rheumatic diseases under a single roof. The study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the BETY-BQ in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).

Methods

At enrollment and 1 week, 91 patients with pSS completed the BETY-BQ. Construct validity was measured by correlating the BETY-BQ total score responses with the Health Assessment Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient-Reported Index, EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index, Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Quality of Life questionnaire, and Euro-QoL 5D.

Results

The BETY-BQ correlated high to moderate with Health Assessment Questionnaire, bodily pain subscale of 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Euro-Qol 5D, Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Quality of Life questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Patient-Reported Index (0.776 to 0.557, P < .05). Spearman’s correlation coefficients between BETY-BQ total scores at baseline and average 1 week were very high (rho = 0.98, P < .001) and indicated substantial agreement between test–retest scores (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99, P < .001). Internal consistency reliability at baseline was 0.91 for the BETY-BQ.

Conclusions

BETY-BQ is valid and reliable for assessing biopsychosocial status in patients with pSS and can be used to measure outcomes in pSS.
Physical Therapists in Primary Care in the United States: An Overview of Current Practice Models and Implementation Strategies
Authors: O’Bright Katie , Peterson Seth
Published: September 2024

In the USA, physician shortages and increases in noncommunicable disease burden have resulted in a growing demand for primary care providers (PCPs). Patients with physical and functional impairments have been especially affected by these challenges. However, physical therapists are well suited to meet patient needs in primary care settings by working alongside PCPs and other primary health care team members. When included in a primary care team, physical therapists can improve patient access to care, optimize care navigation, and reduce the overall cost of care. Therefore, the purpose of the current perspective was to (1) provide an overview of established integrated primary care models in the USA that include physical therapists in the care team and (2) outline operational and practice considerations for health care administrators and professionals interested in integrating physical therapists into primary care teams.

Impact Statement

Given physician shortages and increasing burden in primary care in the USA, inclusion of a physical therapist in a primary care team can improve patient access to care, optimize care navigation, and reduce the overall cost of care for patients with physical and functional needs.
Does the Primary Tumor Site Drive Biology for Patients With Synovial Sarcoma?
Authors: Patel Riddhi R. , Delclos George L. , DeSantis Stacia M. , Cannell Michael B. , Lupo Philip J. , Bishop Andrew J. , Lazar Alexander J. , Lin Patrick P. , Benjamin Robert S. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Ludwig Joseph , Ravi Vinod , Livingston John Andrew , Somaiah Neeta , Zarzour Maria Alejandra , Conley Anthony P. , Araujo Dejka M.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

We evaluated survival outcomes by primary tumor site in synovial sarcoma (SS) patients with localized and metastatic disease at diagnosis.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of 504 SS patients diagnosed from 1974 to 2020. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox-proportional hazards regression were used.

Results:

Among 504 patients, 401 (79.6%) presented with localized disease, and 103 (20.4%) with metastases. For patients with localized disease, (1) 5-year OS by tumor site was as follows: 80% (95% CI, 67%-89%) for head/neck, 30% (95% CI, 18%-42%) for intrathoracic, 51% (95% CI, 35%-65%) for abdomen/pelvis, 71% (95% CI, 62%-79%) for proximal-extremity, and 83% (71%, 91%) for distal-extremity. (2) On multivariable analysis, tumor site (compared with proximal-extremity: intrathoracic tumors [HR: 1.95; 95% CI, 1.22-3.16]; hand/foot [HR: 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.97]), tumor size (compared with <5 cm, 5-10 cm [HR: 1.80; 95% CI, 1.14-2.85]; ≥10 cm [HR: 4.37; 95% CI, 2.69-7.11]), and use of neo/adjuvant radiation (HR: 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.79) remained significantly associated with OS. For patients with metastatic disease, (1) 5-year OS was 12% (95% CI, 6%-21%) and (2) the only factor that remained significantly associated with OS on multivariable analysis was surgical resection for the primary tumor (HR: 0.14; 95% CI, 0.08-0.26).

Conclusions:

The primary tumor location plays a significant role in predicting outcomes for patients with localized SS. Even though patients present with metastatic disease, surgical resection of the primary tumor improves their survival. These findings are critical for patient counseling and designing a personalized treatment plan that reflects the corresponding outcomes.
Modelling strategies supplemental to foot placement for frontal-plane stability in walking
Authors: Harter Michelle J. , Redfern Mark S. , Sparto Patrick J. , Geyer Harmut
Published: September 2024

Walking is unstable and requires active control. Foot placement is the primary strategy to maintain frontal-plane balance with contributions from lateral ankle torques, ankle push-off and trunk postural adjustments. Because these strategies interact, their individual contributions are difficult to study. Here, we used computational modelling to understand these individual contributions to frontal-plane walking balance control. A three-dimensional bipedal model was developed based on linear inverted pendulum dynamics. The model included controllers that implement the stabilization strategies seen in human walking. The control parameters were optimized to mimic human gait biomechanics for typical spatio-temporal parameters during steady-state walking and when perturbed by mediolateral ground shifts. Using the optimized model as a starting point, the contributions of each stabilization strategy were explored by progressively removing strategies. The lateral ankle and trunk strategies were more important than ankle push-off, with their removal causing up to 20% worse balance recovery compared with the full model, while removing ankle push-off led to minimal changes. Our results imply a potential benefit of preferentially training these strategies in populations with poor balance. Moreover, the proposed model could be used in future work to investigate how walking stability may be preserved in conditions reflective of injury or disease.
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) driven trans-regulation of mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) components affects the clinical outcome of breast cancer
Authors: Saha Suryendu , Dhar Debanil , Roy Stuti , Paul Ratnadip , Mukhopadhyay Anindya , Gupta Arnab , Nath Somsubhra
Published: September 2024

Hormone receptors (HR), namely estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), are prevalent in most malignant tumors. Although previous literature provided clues for ERα in regulating mitosis and ploidy status in breast cancer (BC) cells, reports on the mitotic regulators being the targets of HR are sparse. To delve deeper into ERα’s impact on mitotic execution, our study focuses on examining its transcriptional activity on the core mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) components, which are involved in ploidy maintenance. The expression of the core MCC components (Bub3, Mad2, and BubR1) was analyzed by quantitative-PCR and immunohistochemistry in breast tumors and adjacent normal tissues from the cancer genome atlas-breast invasive carcinoma collection (TCGA BRCA) dataset and in a prospective cohort of Eastern Indian breast cancer affected individuals. The preliminary data from these cohorts indicated an influence of ERα on the two MCC components, namely Mad2 and BubR1. Subsequently, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed which revealed that ERα promotes transcriptional activation ofMAD2andBUB1Bthrough direct recruitment on these promoters, showing affects in mitotic outcome. Interestingly, the ectopic introduction of ERα, in an HR-ve breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231, significantly reduced the percent aneuploidy. Moreover, we found that overexpression ofMAD2andBUB1Bis associated with poorer survival in HR-positive (HR+ve) patients in both cohorts. Our findings provide insights into the specific role of ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation of mitosis and ploidy outcome. Targeting the deregulated MCC components thus offers translational potential for the therapeutic management of breast cancer.
A human neuronal model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease induced byFBXO2downregulation shows Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation and functional network impairment
Authors: Díaz Alicia González , Possenti Andrea , Urrutia Gustavo Antonio , Bian Yuqi , Kedia Shekhar , Boeken Dorothea , Lim Christine M. , Licastro Danilo , Mannini Benedetta , Klenerman David , Vendruscolo Michele
Published: September 2024

Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that remains poorly understood, making it challenging to develop accurate cell models. To address this problem, by hypothesing that the early disease sAD states can be characterised by transcriptomic fingerprints, we assessed the effect on Aβ aggregation in human neuroblastoma cells a set of genes obtained by analysing snRNA-seq data from post-mortem AD patients. We then validated the most effective genes in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons, and selectedFBXO2, a gene encoding a subunit of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex SCF, for further analysis. We found that early downregulation ofFBXO2in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons resulted in Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and structural and functional neuronal network impairment. Based on these results, we report a neuronal sAD model (FBXO2KD sAD) that recapitulates a set of molecular hallmarks of sAD. We suggest that this strategy can be expanded towards the generation of panels of preclinical stem cell-derived models that recapitulate the molecular complexity of the broad spectrum of AD patients.
Association between urbanicity and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Wang Peicheng , He Qiaoyuan , Zhu Jiming , Kivimäki Mika , Livingston Gill , Sommerlad Andrew
Published: September 2024

Background

Depression is a pressing public health issue and may be affected by multifaceted urban living, yet the specific urbanicity elements associated is unclear. Using a multidimensional urbanicity scale, we explored the association between urbanicity and its components with the risk of depressive symptoms.

Methods

This study used data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 12,515 participants aged ≥45 years at baseline in 2011 in 450 rural and urban communities, and 8,766 with 7 years of follow-up. Multilevel logistics regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between urbanicity and depressive symptoms.

Results

Living in areas with the highest tertile of urbanicity was associated with a 61% lower risk of depressive symptoms cross-sectionally (odds ratio (OR): 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0.50) and 33% lower risk longitudinally (hazard ratio (HR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.77) compared to those living in areas with the lowest tertile of urbanicity. Among components, higher population density (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97), better education (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99), transportation (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98), sanitation (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98) was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, while greater population educational and socioeconomic diversity (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13) had opposite effect. Better economic conditions (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98) and availability of social services (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99) were longitudinally associated with reduced risk of developing depressive symptoms during 7 years of follow-up. Additionally, differences in associated components were found between urban and rural residents and between midlife and older adults.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the complex links of urban living with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults, highlighting the need to consider a multidimensional urbanicity perspective to understand the urbanicity-mental health nexus. Tailored urban planning policies should consider the associated urbanicity components, along with temporal effectiveness, urban-rural disparities, and age group differences.
Pharmacological blockade of glutamatergic input to the lateral habenula modulates consumption of palatable diet components in male Wistar rats
Authors: Slomp Margo , Spitters Milou T. , van Bergen Jolinde L. , van Irsen Astrid A.S. , Kool Tess , Eggels Leslie , Mul Joram D. , la Fleur Susanne E.
Published: September 2024

The lateral habenula (LHb), a small epithalamic nucleus, modifies downstream midbrain dopamine neuron output to regulate negative state and aversion. Furthermore, specific glutamatergic input, from, among others, the lateral hypothalamus and central amygdala to LHb modulates consumption of (palatable) diet components. However, it is currently unclear if blockade of all glutamatergic input to the LHb is sufficient to alter eating behavior.

Here, we used a pharmacological approach to inhibit all glutamatergic input to the LHb by bilateral infusion of either an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist (CNQX) or an NMDA receptor antagonist (AP5) in the LHb of male Wistars rats. We then measured consumption of various palatable diets a control diet, a free-choice high-fat diet (fcHFD), a free-choice high-sugar diet (fcHSD), and a free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet (fcHFHSD)] at various timepoints up to 24h following infusion. Rats consumed their respective diets for 14 days before infusion of vehicle, CNQX or AP5, performed in counter-balanced random order.

Infusion of CNQX or AP5 did not acutely (i.e. 1, 3, or 6h following infusion) affect consumption of a fcHFHSD component. Infusion of AP5 decreased fat intake at later time points (i.e. 10 or 24h following infusion) in fcHFHSD- and fcHFD-fed, but not fcHSD-fed, rats. Combined infusion of CNQX and AP5 decreased sucrose water consumption at 24h following infusion in fcHFHSD-fed rats. Collectively, these observations indicate that blocking glutamatergic transmission in the LHb does not have a major impact on acute consumption of palatable free-choice diet components. Nonetheless, more subtle long-term effects were observed, suggesting a modulatory role of LHb in eating behavior in the current experimental set-up.
The Impact of a Natural Ingredients based Intervention Targeting the Nine Hallmarks of Aging on DNA methylation
Authors: Carreras-Gallo Natalia , Dargham Rita , Thorpe Shealee , Warren Steve , Mendez Tavis L. , Smith Ryan , Dwaraka Varun Bhamidipati
Published: September 2024

Aging interventions have progressed in recent years due to the growing curiosity about how lifestyle impacts longevity. This study assessed the effects of SRW Laboratories Cel1, Cel2, and Cel3 (Cel System) nutraceutical range on epigenetic methylation patterns, inflammation, physical performance, body composition, and epigenetic biomarkers of aging. A 1-year study was conducted with 51 individuals, collecting data at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Participants were encouraged to walk 10 minutes and practice 5 minutes of mindfulness daily. Significant improvements in muscle strength, body function, and body composition metrics were observed. Epigenetic clock analysis showed a decrease in biological age with significant reductions in stem cell division rates. Immune cell subset analysis indicated significant changes, with increases in eosinophils and CD8T cells and decreases in B memory, CD4T memory, and T-regulatory cells. Predicted epigenetic biomarker proxies (EBPs) showed significant changes in retinol/TTHY, a regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and deoxycholic acid glucuronide levels, a metabolite of deoxycholic acid generated in the liver. Gene ontology analysis revealed significant CpG methylation changes in genes involved in critical biological processes related to aging, such as oxidative stress-induced premature senescence, pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process, TRAIL binding, hyaluronan biosynthetic process, neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicles, pore complex assembly, collagen biosynthetic process, protein phosphatase 2A binding activity, and activation of transcription factor binding. Our findings suggest that the Cel System supplement range may effectively reduce biological age and improve health metrics, warranting further investigation into its mechanistic pathways and long-term efficacy.
Experimental method for creating skin with acquired appendage dysfunction
Authors: Moriwaki Yuta , Shiraishi Makoto , Shen Qi , Du Zening , Okazaki Mutsumi , Kurita Masakazu
Published: September 2024

Mammalian skin appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, are essential for both esthetic and functional purposes. Conditions such as burns and ulcers can lead to dysfunction or loss of skin appendages and result in hair loss and dry skin, posing challenges in their regeneration. Existing animal models are insufficient for studying acquired dysfunction of skin appendages without underlying genetic causes. This study aimed to develop more clinically relevant mouse models by evaluating two approaches: keratinocyte transplantation and grafting of skin at varying thicknesses. GFP-expressing keratinocytes were transplanted into ulcers on nude mice, leading to re-epithelialization with minimal skin appendages at 4 weeks after transplantation. However, the re-epithelialized area was largely derived from recipient cells, with the grafted cells contributing to only 1.31% of the area. In the skin grafting model, donor skin from GFP transgenic mice was grafted onto nude mice at three thicknesses: full thickness, 10/1000 inch, and 5/1000 inch. The grafted area of the 5/1000-inch grafts remained stable at 89.5% of its original size 5 weeks after transplantation, ensuring a sufficiently large skin area. The 5/1000-inch grafts resulted in a significant reduction in skin appendages, with a mean of only 3.73 hair follicles per 5 mm, compared with 69.7 in the control group. The 5/1000-inch skin grafting in orthotopic autologous transplantation also showed the achievement of skin surfaces with a minimal number of skin appendages. Therefore, a mouse model with skin grafting demonstrated stability in producing large areas of skin with minimal appendages. In conclusion, these two models with acquired skin appendage dysfunction and no underlying genetic causes provide valuable tools for researching skin appendage regeneration, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for conditions involving skin appendage loss.
Mechanistic insights into gene expression changes and electric organ discharge elongation in mormyrid electric fish
Authors: Losilla Mauricio , Gallant Jason R.
Published: September 2024

Electric organ discharge (EOD) duration in African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae) is the most variable waveform component between species and the basis for distinguishing species-specific signals. EOD duration is thought to be influenced by morphological and physiological features of electrocytes (the cells that comprise the electric organ), but the mechanistic details are poorly understood. It has long been known that EOD duration is modulated by androgen hormones, affording an opportunity to identify gene expression correlates of EOD duration differences. We induced EOD elongation in the mormyridBrienomyrus brachyistiusby administering 17α-methyltestosterone (17αMT) to three treatment groups: control (no 17αMT exposure), T1day and T8day (samples taken one and eight days after a single exposure to 17αMT, respectively). We then performed RNAseq, differential gene expression, and functional enrichment analysis to detect gene expression changes during EOD duration change. Our analyses indicate 44 genes whose expression changed in tandem with EOD elongation and include genes responsible for actin filaments and microtubules, extracellular matrix organization, and membrane lipid metabolism. Additionally, we found expression changes in one Na+channel beta subunit, and five K+voltage-gated channels. Together, these genes point toward specific cellular processes that contribute to morphological and physiological changes that contribute to EOD duration changes.
Phytop: A tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL
Authors: Shang Hongyun , Jia Kaihua , Zhou Minjie , Yang Hao , Ma Yongpeng , Zhang Rengang
Published: September 2024

Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) is prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools are lacking effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop. By defining ILS and IH indices to quantify ILS and IH, this tool can detect the extent of ILS and IH among lineages with high reliability, and can visualize them based on the gene tree topology patterns constructed using ASTRAL. We tested Phytop extensively using both simulated and real data, and found that it enables users to quickly and conveniently estimate the extent of ILS and IH, thus clarifying the phylogenetic uncertainty. Phytop is available athttps://github.com/zhangrengang/phytopand is expected to conveniently contribute to the intuitive inference of genetic relationships among lineages in future research.
Exploring the Regeneration Dynamics and Conservation Threats to EndemicRhododendron kesangiae(D.G. Long & Rushforth) in Bhutan’s National Botanical Park at Lungchutse, Dochula
Authors: Dolkar Chogyal Tshering , Dorji Yonten
Published: September 2024

Rhododendron kesangiaeis a species endemic to the Eastern Himalayas named after the Queen mother of Bhutan, HRH Ashi Kesang Choden Wangchuk. The study on the regeneration and conservation threat ofRhododendron kesangiaeis of utmost importance in this changing climate and growing human interference in the natural population of Rhododendrons. However, there is limited documentation and study on this species’ ecology, regeneration, and conservation status. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the regeneration ecology and conservation status of R.kesangiaein one of Bhutan’s National Botanical Park at Lungchutse, Dochula. The study area was divided into six transects along the North East and North West aspects. The regeneration status of R.kesangiaewas determined by counting the number of seedlings, saplings and adults in the 5 × 5 m transects. Composite soil samples were collected from the 5 × 5 m quadrant. Associated tree species data were gathered from 20 × 20 m quadrants in each plot. The study found that the regeneration status of R.kesangiaewas fair regeneration with the seedlings ≤ saplings > adults. The most dominant tree species found wereTsuga Dumosaand the least dominant species wasJuniperus recurva. Soil parameters such as soil moisture significantly impacted the regeneration ofR. kesangiae(r= 0.52,p= 0.003). Precipitation had a significant impact on the regeneration and growth of R.kesangiae(r= 0.37,p= 0.043), while other environmental variables such as slope, temperature and elevation did not show a significant impact. The conservation threats were documented using Miradi. This study sheds important light on the species’ regeneration ecology and conservation status highlighiting the importance of monitoring and conservation efforts to ensue their long-term survival and keeping them from falling into the highest conservation threat categories.
The role of RNA in the nanoscale organization of alpha-synuclein phase separation
Authors: Zappone Sabrina , Perego Eleonora , Rupert Jakob , Zacco Elsa , Slenders Eli , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano , Vicidomini Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

The cellular accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aS) aggregates is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies suggest that the aberrant transition of monomeric aS into solid-like aggregates may occur through an intermediate liquid-like state, where the protein partitions between dense and dilute phases. Although aS is not typically recognized as an RNA-binding protein, it can bind RNA under aggregation conditions, but its impact on aS liquid-like phases remains unexplored. Employing a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy techniques, we investigated aS dynamics in both phases in the presence of RNA. Our analysis revealed the formation of nanoclusters involved in initiating phase separation and uncovered heterogeneity within the dense phase, discovering that aS molecules exist in two distinct mobility states. Additionally, we demonstrated that RNA induces morphological changes and promotes the liquid-to-solid transition of aS dense phase. These findings underscore the active role of RNA in modulating aS phase transitions.