bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of head shaking by use of infrared diode laser deflation and coagulation of corpora nigra cysts and behavioral modification in a horse
Authors: Berger Jeannine M. , Bell Stephanie A. , Holmberg Bradford J. , Madigan John E.
Published: November 2008

Case Description—A 15-year-old Saddlebred gelding used for competitive pleasure driving had a 1-year history of head shaking while pulling a cart.

Clinical Findings—The horse had cystic corpora nigra in both eyes and concomitant classic and operant conditioned responses to wearing a bridle with bilateral eye covers (blinkers).

Treatment and Outcome—Deflation and coagulation of the cysts with an infrared diode laser and behavior modification consisting of desensitization and counterconditioning were used to successfully restore performance.

Clinical Relevance—Behavioral changes in horses can result from a combination of physical and psychologic causes. A combination of appropriate medical treatment of physical abnormalities and a behavioral modification plan is necessary to successfully treat behavioral problems in these patients.
On demand caesarean section: What’s women’s attitude?
Authors: Shrestha Nira S , Pradhan Sumita
Published: November 2008

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Nepalese women towards mode of delivery and caesarean on demand. Study design: Hospital based cross sectional descriptive study where 200 pregnant women after 37 completed weeks of gestation were recruited randomly and interviewed, and their answers were analyzed. Results: Of the 200 interviewed pregnant women, all of them knew about normal vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery, but only 30% knew about instrumentally assisted delivery and 9% had heard about painless labour. Vaginal delivery was the preferred mode in 93% and 7% preferred caesarean delivery. Only 35% of the interviewed women believed that women should have the right to demand a caesarean section Conclusion: Knowledge assessment of two hundred women regarding the mode of delivery clearly indicates the need for strengthening counseling aspect of antenatal care and awareness program regarding mode of delivery. In Nepal on demand caesarean section is not provided in the University Teaching Hospital. However one third of women still felt that women should have the right to choose caesarean section on demand. Key words: Attitude, mode of delivery, Caesarean on demand. doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1448 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 12 - 15
Role of cervical ultrasound in prediction of preterm labor
Authors: Dhakal Samjhana , Hebbar Shripad
Published: November 2008

Aim: To compare the difference in the cervical length measured digitally or by transabdominal and transvaginal sonogram examination for prediction of preterm labour Method: This was a prospective randomized, controlled study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at TMA Pai Hospital, Udupi from March 2001 to May 2002 where 200 women coming for routine antenatal care were recruited for the study. A total of 168 women were evaluated, out of which 145 were control group and 23 cases of threatened preterm labor formed study group. Results: The mean length of cervix measured by TVS at 20- 24wks of pregnancy was 3.87 cm. There after there was a slight decrease in the length mainly towards term and or 36 wks of pregnancy i.e. 3.27 cm. Cervical length measured on an average 0.8 cm more than TVS(4.9CM versus 3.52 cm) Similarly digital examination of cervix yielded shorter length, compared to TVS measurement (2.86 cm versus 3.5 cm). Conclusion: This study has shown TVS is a simple tool for prediction of preterm labour as decrease in cervical length was observed in women with threatened preterm labor (2.34 cm) and this decrease was statistically significant compared to that of the control (3.7 cm). Key words: Trans abdominal, transvaginal, preterm labour      doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1450 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 20 - 23
Accuracy of cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid or lugol’s iodine in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Khan Samira , Jha Rajshree , Pant Pradam R
Published: November 2008

Aims: To study the accuracy of visual inspection using acetic acid (VIA) or Lugol's iodine (VILI) and Pap smear for cervical cancer screening comparing with the histology from positively screened women in all three. Method: In this descriptive study, 300 women 25 - 65 years from Gynecology clinic of T.U Teaching Hospital from December 2004 - 2005 underwent cervical screening. Positive tests for cytology was CIN I or above, VIA was opaque aceto white lesion on applying 4% acetic acid or detection of definite yellow iodine non uptake areas with Lugol's iodine in the transformation zone or close to touching the squamocolumnar junction. Positive cases were scheduled for colposcopy directed biopsies and histological evaluation. Results: Positive results obtained from cytology were 7.3% (22). VIA was positive in 52 women [low threshold +ve in 13.6% (41); high threshold +ve in 3.6%. (11)] VILI tested +ve in 8.7% (26). Cervical biopsy was done in 62 women who had positive result [10 were positive with all three tests, 4 were positive with VIA and Pap smear, 14 were positive with VIA and VILI. 24 were positive with only VIA, 2 were with only VILI and 8 were positive with only Pap smear]. Histology in 19 was suggestive of CIN and carcinoma. [LSIL (12), HSIL (6), carcinoma (1)] Pick up by Pap smear, VIA and VILI were 10; 17 and 15 missing respectively 9:[ LSIL (7) HSIL (2)]; [LSIL (2)] and 4 [LSIL (3) and HSIL (1)]. VIA had highest number of false positive as compared to Pap smear and VILI. Sensitivity for Pap smear (52.6%); low (81.1%)/high threshold VIA (80.0%) and VILI was (78.9%). Specificity for Pap smear (72 %); low was (20%) but high threshold VIA was similar to VILI (74.4%) The positive predictive value of low or high threshold VIA, VILI and cytology were 22.0%, 72.7%, 57.7% and 45.5%; such that the compounding NPV were 80.0%, 80.0%, 88.9% 77.5%. Overall accuracy of high threshold VIA (76 %) was comparable to VILI 75.8%; cytology having 66% and low threshold VIA with 33 %. Conclusion: High threshold VIA and VILI have higher accuracy for detection of precancerous lesions of cervix than Pap smear indicating that these test to be implicated for cancer screening which is more cost effective. Keywords: Visual inspection; acetic acid; Lugol's iodine; VIA; VILI; screening of cervical cancer; Papanicolau (Pap) smear. doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1455 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 48 - 53
An inverted uterine fundus carrying placenta: How does this happen or why is it mistaken?
Authors: Chaudhary Rashmi , Gurung Geeta , Amatya Archana , Saki Kamala , Maharjan Shreejana
Published: November 2008

A second gravida with normal antenatal period delivered a baby within an hour of admission and also expelled placenta which appeared at vagina. This placenta was adhererent to the fundus of uterus which was inverted but was persistently pulled out as uterine inversion was unrecognized. This case report will be of help to many of us who may mistake such condition. A habit to palpate the fundus of uterus and make sure it is contracted before controlled cord traction will help making the diagnosis in time. Keywords. Controlled cord traction, fundal attachment of placenta, uterine inversion doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1459 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 69 - 71
Subsequent vaginal delivery in a case reverted by Dobbins operation for acute uterine inversion: A case report
Authors: Rana Ashma , Gurung Geeta , Pariyar Jitendra , Pokharel Sunil , Adhikari Shilu
Published: November 2008

A woman with a history of laparotomy and corrective abdominal surgery for acute puerperal uterine inversion reverted by division of the inversion ring anteriorly "Dobbins's operation" subsequently was successful to undergo assisted vaginal breech delivery arriving at second stage of labor warranting, manual removal of placenta which was complied with the management of PPH. This case is reported because of the rarity of uterine inversion itself in the first place. Next because of the conception taking place spontaneously after morbid puerperal period and then the pregnancy advancing to term: all the management beginning from correction of uterine inversion to retained placenta being handled in the same facility a rare event too in our set up. Key words: Uterine inversion and subsequent birth, manual removal of the placenta.      doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1462 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 78 - 80
Unavoidable caesarean myomectomy: A case report
Authors: Owolabi Alexander T , Loto Olabisi M , Kuti Oluwafemi , Ehinmitan Richard R , Ibrahim Ayaba Y
Published: November 2008

Establishment of the feasibility and need to perform myomectomy during caesarean section when fibroid obstruct wound closure with associated hemorrhage has been presented. A case of a primigravida with a huge uterine fibroid located in the lower segment lifting up the uterine cavity leading to persistent transverse lie of the fetus at term is presented. An elective classical caesarean section was performed with difficulty in uterine wound closure and haemorrhage necessitating myomectomy. Haemorrhage was controlled with the use of Foley catheter tourniquet and high dose oxytocin infusion. Literature review was carried out. The mother and baby had satisfactory outcome. To conclude, life threatening situations of myomectomy with caesarean section ought to be, and can be safely performed using tourniquet and high dose oxytocin to reduce haemorrhage. The uterus in the immediate post partum period is better adapted physiologically to control haemorrhage than any other stage of a woman's life. Key Words: Classical caesarean Section, Myomectomy, caesarean-myomectomy, Haemorrhage.   doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1463 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 81 - 83
Birth of second twin 27 hours after the birth of first
Authors: Jha Rani , Verma Sheela
Published: November 2008

We hereby report a case of retained second twin presenting with vertex which was delivered vaginally after 27hours from the first birth, without any complication in 25 years old G2 P1 L1 A0 detailing that such obstetric events can be smoothly handled. Keywords: retained second twin, both vertex presentation, obstetric complication in twins.      doi:10.3126/njog.v2i2.1464 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol 2007 Nov-Dec; 2 (2): 84 -85
Maternal serum triglyceride at midpregnancy and newborn weight in nondiabetic and normal BMI women
Authors: Sekhavat Leila , Zare Fatemah , Karbasi Sedighah Akhavan
Published: November 2008

Aim: To determine whether elevated midpregnancy (24 -28 Gestational weeks) maternal serum lipid levels predict the risk of macrosomia in non-diabetic women. Methods: Nondiabetic pregnant women (who had negative diabetic screens) were enrolled. Fasting serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were measured at 24-28 weeks gestation. We tested the association between maternal variables and birth weight by univariable analysis. We also used multiple logistic regression analysis to determine whether maternal hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for having an LGA infant. Results: We enrolled 190 subjects. Among measured maternal lipids, only triglyceride levels correlated with birth weight in univariable analysis (r2 = 0.40, P = .000). Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting maternal hypertriglyceridemia was the significant predictor of macrosomia, independent of maternal weight gain and fasting plasma glucose levels. (Odds ratio 11.2; 95% confidence interval 1.5, 31.2; P = .01). Conclusion: In nondiabetic women, fasting triglyceride levels at midpregnancy correlated positively with newborn weight at term. Keywords: Birth weight, hypertriglyceridemia, nondiabeic pregnant, normal BMI    doi:10.3126/njog.v3i1.1434 NJOG 2008 May-June; 3(1): 19 - 23
Comparative study of labour progress and delivery outcome among induced versus spontaneous labour in nulliparous women using modified WHO partograph
Authors: Orji Ernest O , Olabode Taofeek O
Published: November 2008

Aim: Induced or spontaneous labour has implication on the eventual mode of delivery and neonatal outcome. The objective of this study is to compare the progress and outcome of induced versus spontaneous labour among nulliparous women using the modified WHO partograph. Methods: Comparative study involving nulliparous women in active phase of labour with the cervix at least 4cm dilated. Those whose labours were induced were compared with those on spontaneous labour; both labouring women were monitored using modified WHO partograph. Outcome measures include the mean duration of labour, the eventual mode of delivery and the feto-material outcome. Data were managed using SPSS software. Chi-square t-test and student t-test were used in data analysis. Level of significance was placed at P < 0.05. Results: 136 women were compared in each group. There were no difference in mean age group, gestational age at delivery, cervical dilatation on admission, and the level of head of fifth palpable on admission. More women had spontaneous vaginal delivery among those in spontaneous labour (72.1% versus 64.7%) P=0.0001. There were less caesarean section among those in spontaneous labour (20.6% versus 35.3%). The mean Apgar scores were significantly better among induced labour babies (P=0.0001). While most induced labour cases reached or crossed action line compared to spontaneous labour (33.1% versus 16.9% P=0.002), there were more cases in spontaneous labour moving between alert and action line (27.9% versus 9.6%, P=0.000) Conclusion: Induced labour monitored with modified WHO partograph is comparative to spontaneous labour with no increased adverse feto maternal outcome. Key words: Induced versus spontaneous labour; modified WHO partograph, labour outcome.   doi:10.3126/njog.v3i1.1435 NJOG 2008 May-June; 3(1): 24 - 28
Ovulation Induction, Pregnancy and Delivery in a Patient with Partial Hypopituitarism due to Lymphocystic Hypophysitis: A Case Report
Authors: Ezechi OC , Ezeobi PM , Nwokoro CA
Published: November 2008

Lymphocystic hypophysitis is an unusual autoimmune disease that causes partial or total hypopituitarism and often associated with chronic anovulation. We report a case of ovulation induction, uneventful pregnancy and vaginal delivery in one of our patient with lymphocystic hypophysitis. Key words: Lymphocystic hypophysitis, chronic anovulation and ovulation induction.   doi:10.3126/njog.v3i1.1440 NJOG 2008 May-June; 3(1): 46 - 48
Placental site trophoblastic tumor with perimetrial invasion and cesarean scar perforation (A case report)
Authors: Gurung Geeta , Amatya Archana , Thakur Nupur , Rana Ashma
Published: November 2008

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) a rare variety of gestational trophobalstic neoplasia described in younger women, usually following term delivery characterized by low serum ß hCG level was met in a 32 year old lactating mother, who resumed normal menstruation after three months of cesarean section up to three cycles followed by amenorrhea for eight months; evacuation for presumed missed abortion prompted the diagnosis of PSTT which at the time of hysterectomy was found invading perimetrium and perforating the uterine cesarean scar. Conclusion: Careful evaluation of lactational amenorrhea is indicated so that the diagnosis of PSST may not be missed in the background of elusive picture such as missed abortion with low serum ß hCG, histological examination of the evacuated material may be relied which may provide the diagnosis at times. Key words: Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT), hysterectomy, low serum ß hCG   doi:10.3126/njog.v3i1.1443 NJOG 2008 May-June; 3(1): 55 - 57
HUME AND THE SECOND-QUALITY ANALOGY
Authors: CORVINO JOHN
Published: November 2008

In this paper I consider Hume's position on the analogy between moral qualities and secondary qualities. Although some have suggested that Hume's use of the analogy is important to his moral philosophy, others have disputed its significance to Hume. My position in this paper is that Hume believes there are indeed similarities between moral and secondary qualities that illuminate the nature of virtue. This paper is divided into two parts. In the first, I consider Hume's point(s) in raising the analogy by arguing for four similarities between moral qualities and secondary qualities that he likely had in mind; and in the second, I respond to various objections alleging that Hume did not, and indeed, could not, rely on the analogy in any substantial way.
REID'S RESPONSE TO HUME ON DOUBLE VISION
Authors: FOSTER JAMES J.S.
Published: November 2008

In issue 6.1 of the Journal of Scottish Philosophy, James Van Cleve describes Thomas Reid's understanding of double vision and then presents a challenge to his direct realism found in works of David Hume based on double vision. The challenge is as follows: When we press one eye with a finger, we immediately perceive all the objects to become double, and one half of them to be remov'd from their common and natural position. But as we do not attribute a continu'd existence to both these perceptions, and as they are both of the same nature, we clearly perceive, that all our perceptions [i.e., all the things we perceive] are dependent on our organs, and the disposition of our nerves and animal spirits. (THN: 210–211)
James Turner Johnson's Just War Idea: Commanding the Headwaters of Tradition
Authors: O'Driscoll Cian
Published: November 2008

James Turner Johnson is the foremost scholar of the just war tradition working today. His treatment of the historical development of the just war tradition has been hugely important, influencing a generation of theorists. Despite this, Johnson's work has not generated much in the way of critical commentary or analysis. This paper aims to rectify this oversight. Engaging in a close and critical reading of Johnson's work, it claims that his historical reconstruction of the just war tradition is bounded by two key thematic lines — the imperative of vindicative justice and the ideal of Christian love — and occasionally betrays an excessive deference to the authority of past practice. By way of conclusion, this paper sums up the promise and limits of Johnson's approach, and reflects upon its contribution to contemporary just war scholarship.
Entropy, Closures and Subgrid Modeling
Authors: Frederiksen Jorgen S. , O’Kane Terence  J.
Published: November 2008

Maximum entropy states or statistical mechanical equilibrium solutions have played an important role in the development of a fundamental understanding of turbulence and its role in geophysical flows. In modern general circulation models of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans most parameterizations of the subgrid-scale energy and enstrophy transfers are based on ad hoc methods or ideas developed from equilibrium statistical mechanics or entropy production hypotheses. In this paper we review recent developments in nonequilibrium statistical dynamical closure theory, its application to subgrid-scale modeling of eddy-eddy, eddy-mean field and eddy-topographic interactions and the relationship to minimum enstrophy, maximum entropy and entropy production arguments.
Synthesis and Structure of New 3,3,9,9-Tetrasubstituted-2,4,8,10-Tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane Derivatives
Authors: Mihiş Alin , Condamine Eric , Bogdan Elena , Terec Anamaria , Kurtán Tibor , Grosu Ion
Published: November 2008

The configurational and conformational behavior of some new 3,3,9,9-tetrasubstituted-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives with axial chirality was investigated by conformational analysis and variable temperature NMR experiments.
A Comprehensive Automated 3D Approach for Building Extraction, Reconstruction, and Regularization from Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds
Authors: Dorninger Peter , Pfeifer Norbert
Published: November 2008

Three dimensional city models are necessary for supporting numerous management applications. For the determination of city models for visualization purposes, several standardized workflows do exist. They are either based on photogrammetry or on LiDAR or on a combination of both data acquisition techniques. However, the automated determination of reliable and highly accurate city models is still a challenging task, requiring a workflow comprising several processing steps. The most relevant are building detection, building outline generation, building modeling, and finally, building quality analysis. Commercial software tools for building modeling require, generally, a high degree of human interaction and most automated approaches described in literature stress the steps of such a workflow individually. In this article, we propose a comprehensive approach for automated determination of 3D city models from airborne acquired point cloud data. It is based on the assumption that individual buildings can be modeled properly by a composition of a set of planar faces. Hence, it is based on a reliable 3D segmentation algorithm, detecting planar faces in a point cloud. This segmentation is of crucial importance for the outline detection and for the modeling approach. We describe the theoretical background, the segmentation algorithm, the outline detection, and the modeling approach, and we present and discuss several actual projects.
Evaluation of Different Outlier Detection Methods for GPS Networks
Authors: Gökalp Ertan , Güngör Oğuz , Boz Yüksel
Published: November 2008

GPS (Global Positioning System) devices can be used in many applications which require accurate point positioning in geosciences. Accuracy of GPS decreases due to outliers resulted from the errors inherent in GPS observations. Several approaches have been developed to detect outliers in geodetic observations. It is important to determine which method is most effective at distinguishing outliers from normal observations. This paper investigates the behavior of conventional statistical test methods (Data Snooping (DS), Tau and t tests), some robust methods (Andrews’s M-Estimation, Huber’s MEstimation, Tukey’s M-Estimation, Danish Method, Yang-I M-Estimation, Yang-II MEstimation, and fuzzy logic method in detection of outliers for three GPS networks having different characteristics. Test results are evaluated and the performances of different methods are presented quantitatively.
Exposure to violent video games and aggression in German adolescents: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Möller Ingrid , Krahé Barbara
Published: November 2008

The relationship between exposure to violent electronic games and aggressive cognitions and behavior was examined in a longitudinal study. A total of 295 German adolescents completed the measures of violent video game usage, endorsement of aggressive norms, hostile attribution bias, and physical as well as indirect/relational aggression cross‐sectionally, and a subsample of N=143 was measured again 30 months later. Cross‐sectional results at T1 showed a direct relationship between violent game usage and aggressive norms, and an indirect link to hostile attribution bias through aggressive norms. In combination, exposure to game violence, normative beliefs, and hostile attribution bias predicted physical and indirect/relational aggression. Longitudinal analyses using path analysis showed that violence exposure at T1 predicted physical (but not indirect/relational) aggression 30 months later, whereas aggression at T1 was unrelated to later video game use. Exposure to violent games at T1 influenced physical (but not indirect/relational) aggression at T2 via an increase of aggressive norms and hostile attribution bias. The findings are discussed in relation to social‐cognitive explanations of long‐term effects of media violence on aggression. Aggr. Behav. 35:75–89, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Pure Pharmacologically Relevant Amines Employing ω‐Transaminases
Authors: Koszelewski Dominik , Lavandera Iván , Clay Dorina , Rozzell David , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: November 2008

Various ω‐transaminases were tested for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure amines from the corresponding ketones employing D‐ or L‐alanine as amino donor and lactate dehydrogenase to remove the side‐product pyruvate to shift the unfavourable reaction equilibrium to the product side. Both enantiomers, (R)‐ and (S)‐amines, could be prepared with up to 99% ee and >99% conversions within 24 h at 50 mM substrate concentration. The activity and stereoselectivity of the amination reaction depended on the ω‐transaminase and substrate employed; furthermore the co‐solvent significantly influenced both the stereoselectivity and activity of the transaminases. Best results were obtained by employing ATA‐117 to obtain the (R)‐enantiomer and ATA‐113 or ATA‐103 to access the (S)‐enantiomer with 15% v v−1 DMSO.
New Simple Hydrophobic Proline Derivatives as Highly Active and Stereoselective Catalysts for the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Giacalone Francesco , Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Meo Paolo Lo , Riela Serena , Noto Renato
Published: November 2008

New 4‐substituted acyloxyproline derivatives with different hydrophobic properties of the acyl group were easily synthesized and used as catalysts in the direct asymmetric aldol reaction between cyclic ketones (cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone) and several substituted benzaldehydes. Reactions were carried out using water, this being the best reaction medium examined. Screening of these catalysts showed that compounds bearing the most hydrophobic acyl chains [4‐phenylbutanoate and 4‐(pyren‐1‐yl)butanoate] provided better results. The latter catalysts were successfully used in only 2 mol% at room temperature without additives to give aldol products in excellent stereoselectivities. These results demonstrate that derivatization of the proline moiety with the proper simple hydrophobic substituent in the 4‐position can furnish highly active and stereoselective catalysts without the need of additional chiral backbones in the molecule. Finally, an explanation of the observed stereoselectivities in the presence of water is provided.
Sensitization to wheat flour and enzymes and associated respiratory symptoms in British bakers
Authors: Harris‐Roberts Joanne , Robinson Edward , Waterhouse Judith C. , Billings Catherine G. , Proctor Alison R. , Stocks‐Greaves Micah , Rahman Shamim , Evans Gareth , Garrod Andrew , Curran Andrew D. , Fishwick David
Published: November 2008

Rationale

Current literature suggests that flour exposed workers continue to be at risk of allergic sensitization to flour dust and respiratory ill health.

Objectives

A cross‐sectional study of 225 workers currently potentially exposed to flour dust in British bakeries was performed to identify predictors of sensitization to wheat flour and enzymes.

Results

Work‐related nasal irritation was the most commonly reported symptom (28.9%) followed by eye irritation (13.3%) and work‐related cough or chest tightness (both 10.2%). Work‐related chest tightness was significantly associated (OR 7.9, 1.3–46.0) with co‐sensitization to wheat flour and any added enzyme. Working at a bakery with inadequate control measures was not a risk factor for reporting work‐related respiratory symptoms (OR 1.3, 0.4–3.7). Fifty‐one workers were atopic and 23 (14%) were sensitized to workplace allergens. Atopy was the strongest predictive factor (OR 18.4, 5.3–64.3) determining sensitization. Current versus never smoking (OR 4.7, 1.1–20.8) was a significant risk factor for sensitization to wheat flour or enzymes in atopic workers only, corrected for current level and duration of exposure. This effect was not seen in non‐atopic workers (OR 1.9, 0.2–17.9). Evidence of sensitization to less commonly encountered allergens was also seen to Aspergillus niger derived cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase mix, in addition to glucose oxidase and amyloglucosidase mix.

Conclusions

The combination of health surveillance and exposure control in this population has been insufficient to prevent clinically significant workplace sensitization. Smoking may pose an additional risk factor for sensitization in atopic workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:133–140, 2009. © 2008 Crown copyright.
Upper extremity pain and computer use among engineering graduate students: A replication study
Authors: Menéndez Cammie Chaumont , Amick Benjamin C. , Jenkins Mark , Caroom Cyrus , Robertson Michelle , Harrist Ronald B. , Katz Jeffrey N.
Published: November 2008

Background

Recent literature identified upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms at a prevalence of >40% in college populations. The study objectives were to determine weekly computer use and the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in a graduate student population, and make comparisons with previous graduate and undergraduate cohorts.

Methods

One hundred sixty‐six graduate students completed a survey on computing and musculoskeletal health. Associations between individual factors and symptom status, functional limitations, academic impact, medication use, and health services utilization were determined. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between symptom status and computing. Cross‐study comparisons were made.

Results

More symptomatic participants experienced functional limitations than asymptomatic participants (74% vs. 32%,P < 0.001) and reported medication use for computing pain (34% vs. 10%,P < 0.01). More participants who experienced symptoms within an hour of computing used health services compared to those who experienced symptoms after an hour of computer use (60% vs. 12%,P < 0.01). Years of computer use (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05–2.40) and number of years in school where weekly computer use was more than 10 hr (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.35) were associated with pain within an hour of computing. Cross‐study comparisons found college populations more similar than different.

Conclusion

The overall findings reinforced previous literature documenting the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in college populations, suggesting an important population for participating in public health interventions designed to support healthy computing practices and identify risk factors important to evaluate in future cohort studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:113–123, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational study of poly‐ΔAbu peptides and construction of amphipathic nanostructure
Authors: Nandel Fateh S. , Sahrawat Tammanna R.
Published: November 2008

Generally, it is believed that α,β‐dehydroamino acid residues are most stable in the Z‐ form rather than in the E‐ form. In this study, it has been shown that poly‐ΔAbu exists in alternate ΔEAbu and ΔZAbu form, with ϕ, ψ values of ∼0°, 80° and 35°, 27° for the E‐ and Z‐ forms, respectively, rather than the all Z‐ form. The conformational results for the peptides Ac‐ΔAbu2‐NHMe and Ac‐L/D‐Ile‐ΔZAbu/ΔEAbu‐NHMe suggest the incorporation of ΔAbu in both the Z‐ and E‐ forms, which is consistent with the available observations in natural systems. Because of adoption of ϕ, ψ values corresponding to the collagen type structure (∼−30°, 120°) by Ile residue and with ϕ, ψ values in the left‐handed helical region for ΔZAbu residue, the peptide Ac‐(L‐Ile‐ΔZAbu)3‐NHMe adopts an amphipathic left‐handed helical β‐sheet type structure. This structure is stabilized by network of hydrogen bonding, carbonyl–carbonyl, and CH—O interactions and can be exploited for the construction of antimicrobial peptides and nanomaterials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 44–51, 2009.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis of benzofurazan derivatization reagents for short chain carboxylic acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS)
Authors: Santa Tomofumi , Al‐Dirbashi Osama Y. , Yoshikado Takashi , Fukushima Takeshi , Imai Kazuhiro
Published: November 2008

Benzofurazan derivatization reagents, 4‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]‐7‐(2‐aminopentylamino)‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DAABD‐AP) and 4‐[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) ethylaminosulfonyl]‐7‐(2‐aminobutylamino)‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DAABD‐AB), for short‐chain carboxylic acids in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) were synthesized. These reagents reacted with short chain carboxylic acids in the presence of the condensation reagents at 60°C for 60 min. The generated derivatives were separated on the reversed‐phase column and detected by ESI‐MS/MS with the detection limits of 0.1–0.12 pmol on column. Upon collision‐induced dissociation, a single and intense product ion at m/z 151 was observed. These results indicated that DAABD‐AP and DAABD‐AB are suitable as the derivatization reagents in LC/ESI‐MS/MS analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microseparation techniques for the study of the enantioselectivity of drug–plasma protein binding
Authors: Escuder‐Gilabert Laura , Martínez‐Gómez María Amparo , Villanueva‐Camañas Rosa María , Sagrado Salvador , Medina‐Hernández María José
Published: November 2008

Stereoselectivity in protein binding can have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of chiral drugs. The investigation of enantioselectivity of drugs in their binding with human plasma proteins and the identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in the stereodiscrimination by the proteins represent a great challenge for clinical pharmacology. In this review, the separation techniques used for enantioselective protein binding experiments are described and compared. An overview of studies on enantiomer–protein interactions, enantiomer–enantiomer interactions as well as chiral drug–drug interactions, including allosteric effects, is presented. The contribution of individual plasma proteins to the overall enantioselective binding and the animal species variability in drug–plasma protein binding stereoselectivity are reviewed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of quinocide as impurity in primaquine tablets by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Elbashir Abdalla A. , Saad Bahruddin , Ali Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed , Saleh Muhammad Idiris , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: November 2008

A capillary zone electrophoretic method has been developed and validated for the determination of the impurity quinocide (QC) in the antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ). Different buffer additives such as native cyclodextrins and crown ethers were evaluated. Promising results were obtained when either β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) or 18‐crown‐6 ether (18C6) were used. Their separation conditions such as type of buffer and its pH, buffer additive concentration, applied voltage capillary temperature and injection time were optimized. The use of 18C6 offers slight advantages over β‐CD such as faster elution times and improved resolution. Nevertheless, migration times of less than 5 min and resolution factors (Rs) in the range of 2–4 were obtained when both additives were used. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, analytical precision (intra‐ and inter‐day variability) and repeatability. Concentrations of 2.12 and 2.71% (w/w) of QC were found in pharmaceutical preparations of PQ from two different manufacturers. A possible mechanism for the successful separation of the isomers is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and determination of chlorophacinone in plasma by ion chromatography coupled with ion trap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: OuYang Xiao‐kun , Chen Xiao‐hong , Yan Yong‐qing , Jin Mi‐cong
Published: November 2008

Plasmatic chlorophacinone is commonly measured with liquid chromatographic assay, which convenient but lacks sensitivity and selectivity and usually requires ion pair reagents to reduce the chromatographic tailed peak. In this paper, a novel method using eluent generator reagent‐free ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometric detection for the determination of chlorophacinone in plasma has been developed. After samples were extracted with 10% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile and cleaned by solid‐phase extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on an IonPac® AS11 analytical column (250 × 4.0 mm) using 40.0 mmol/L KOH containing 10% (v/v) methanol as organic modifier. Quantification was performed by negative electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The transition m/z 373 → 201 was for the quantification ion; the transitions m/z 373 → 172 and m/z 373 → 145, as well as the isotope ions m/z 375 and m/z 203, were for the qualitative ions. All the method parameters were validated. It was confirmed that this method can be used in clinical diagnosis and forensic toxicology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering and Near‐Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy of Water Confined in Aerosol‐OT Reverse Micelles
Authors: Balakrishnan Sangeetha , Javid Nadeem , Weingärtner Hermann , Winter Roland
Published: November 2008

The state of water confined in Aerosol‐OT–hydrocarbon–water reverse micelles with cyclohexane, n‐pentane, n‐octane, and n‐dodecane as apolar solvents is investigated by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and near‐infrared vibrational spectroscopy of the first overtone of the OH stretching mode of water. The experiments focus on water/AOT molecular ratios W0=2–20, where water is strongly affected by the confinement and surface–water interactions. The pair‐distance distribution functions derived from the small‐angle scattering patterns allows a detailed characterization of the topology of these systems, and they indicate deviations from monodisperse, spherical water pools for some of these hydrocarbon systems. In contrast to a common assumption, the pool size does not scale linearly with W0 in going from dry reverse micelles (W0→0) to essentially bulk‐like water (W0>20). The first overtone of the OH‐stretching vibration exhibits highly structured spectra, which reveal significant changes in the hydrogen bonding environment upon confinement. The spectra are rationalized by a core/shell model developed by Fayer and co‐workers. This model subdivides water into core water in the interior of the micelle and shell water close to the interface. Core water is modelled by the properties of bulk water, while the properties of shell water are taken to be those of water at W0=2. The model allows the representation of the spectra at any hydration level as a linear combination of the spectra of core and shell water. Different approaches are critically reviewed and discussed as well.
Current‐mode biquadratic filter using DO‐CCCDBAs
Authors: Siripruchyanun Montree , Jaikla Winai
Published: November 2008

This paper presents a current‐mode universal biquadratic filter performing three functions; low pass, high pass and band pass, based on dual‐output current‐controlled current differencing buffered amplifiers (DO‐CCCDBAs). The features of the circuit are that the quality factor and pole frequency can be tuned independently via the input bias currents; the circuit description is very simple, consisting of merely three DO‐CCCDBAs and two grounded capacitors. Without any external resistors that require component matching conditions and using only grounded elements, the proposed circuit is very appropriate to further develop into an integrated circuit. The PSPICE simulation results are depicted. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explicit design formulas for current‐mode leap‐frog OTA‐C filters and 300 MHz CMOS seventh‐order linear phase filter
Authors: Sun Yichuang , Zhu Xi , Moritz James
Published: November 2008

The leap‐frog (LF) configuration is an important structure in analogue filter design. Voltage‐mode LF OTA‐C filters have recently been studied in the literature; however, general explicit formulas do not exist for current‐mode LF OTA‐C filters and there is also need for current‐mode LF‐based OTA‐C structures for realization of arbitrary transmission zeros. Three current‐mode OTA‐C structures are presented, including the basic LF structure and LF filters with an input distributor or an output summer. They can realize all‐pole characteristics and functions with arbitrary transmission zeros. Explicit design formulas are derived directly from these structures for the synthesis of, respectively, all‐pole and arbitrary zero filter characteristics of up to the sixth order. The filter structures are regular and the design formulas are straightforward to use. As an illustrative example, a 300 MHz seventh‐order linear phase low‐pass filter with zeros is presented. The filter is implemented using a fully differential linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on a source degeneration topology. Simulations in a standard TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process with 2.5 V power supply have shown that the cutoff frequency of the filter ranges from 260 to 320 MHz, group delay ripple is about 4.5% over the whole tuning range, noise of the filter is 420nA/√Hz, dynamic range is 66 dB and power consumption is 200 mW. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic bitstream‐based CNN and its implementation on FPGA
Authors: Rák Ádám , Soós Balázs Gergely , Cserey György
Published: November 2008

In this paper, we present a new type of cellular nonlinear network (CNN) model and FPGA implementation of cellular nonlinear network universal machine. Our approach uses stochastic bitstreams as data carriers. With the help of stochastic data streams more complex nonlinear cell interactions can be realized than conventional CNN hardware implementations have. The accuracy as indexed by bit depth resolution can be improved at the expense of computation time without influencing hardware complexity. Our simulation results prove the universality and utility of the model. Our experimental results show that the proposed model can be implemented on an FPGA hardware. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinematics and dynamics of motion control based on acceleration control
Authors: Ohishi Kiyoshi , Ohba Yuzuru , Katsura Seiichiro
Published: November 2008

The first IEYuzuruernational Workshop on Advanced Motion Control held in 1990 pointed out the importance of physical interpretation of motion control. The software servoing technology is now common in machine tools, robotics, and mechatronics. It has been intensively developed for the numerical control (NC) machines. Recently, motion control in an unknown environment will be more and more important. Conventional motion control is not always suitable due to the lack of adaptive capability to the environment. A more sophisticated ability in motion control is necessary for compliant contact with the environment. Acceleration control is the key technology of motion control in an unknown environment. The acceleration control can make a motion system a zero control stiffness system without losing robustness. Furthermore, a realization of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom motion is necessary for future human assistance. Motion for human assistant will require various control stiffness corresponding to the task. The review paper focuses on the modal coordinate system to integrate various control stiffness in the virtual axes. A bilateral teleoperation is a good candidate to consider for the future human assistant motion and integration of decentralized systems. Thus, the paper reviews and discusses the bilateral teleoperation from the control stiffness and the modal control design points of view. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(6): 12– 22, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10117
Metallocenium Salts of Nickel Bis(α‐thiophenedithiolate) [M(Cp*)2][Ni(α‐tpdt)2] (M = Fe, Mn, Cr) – Metamagnetism and Magnetic Frustration (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 34/2008)
Authors: Belo Dulce , Mendonça Joana , Santos Isabel C. , Pereira Laura Cristina Jesus , Almeida Manuel , Novoa Juan J. , Rovira Concepció , Veciana Jaume , Gama Vasco
Published: November 2008

The cover picture shows the multilayer spin arrangement in [Mn(Cp*)2][Ni(α‐tpdt)2] (α‐tpdt = 2,3‐thiophenedithiolate). The crystal structures of the salts [M(Cp*)2][Ni(α‐tpdt)2] (M = Fe, Mn and Cr) consist of alternating layers that are composed of arrangements of parallel mixed chains. The chains in neighboring layers are perpendicular. The arrangement between the chains and the magnetic anisotropy of the cations in case of the salt [Mn(Cp*)2][Ni(α‐tpdt)2] lead to a degenerate ground state and to a frustrated magnetic behavior, which can be associated with the absence of long‐range order between the ferromagnetic layers. Details are discussed in the article by M. Almeida, V. Gama et al. on p. 5327 ff.
The effect of foundation embedment on inelastic response of structures
Authors: Mahsuli Mojtaba , Ghannad M. Ali
Published: November 2008

In this research, a parametric study is carried out on the effect of soil–structure interaction on the ductility and strength demand of buildings with embedded foundation. Both kinematic interaction (KI) and inertial interaction effects are considered. The sub‐structure method is used in which the structure is modeled by a simplified single degree of freedom system with idealized bilinear behavior. Besides, the soil sub‐structure is considered as a homogeneous half‐space and is modeled by a discrete model based on the concept of cone models. The foundation is modeled as a rigid cylinder embedded in the soil with different embedment ratios. The soil–structure system is then analyzed subjected to a suit of 24 selected accelerograms recorded on alluvium deposits. An extensive parametric study is performed for a wide range of the introduced non‐dimensional key parameters, which control the problem. It is concluded that foundation embedment may increase the structural demands for slender buildings especially for the case of relatively soft soils. However, the increase in ductility demands may not be significant for shallow foundations with embedment depth to radius of foundation ratios up to one. Comparing the results with and without inclusion of KI reveals that the rocking input motion due to KI plays the main role in this phenomenon. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weak imposition of boundary conditions for the Navier–Stokes equations by a penalty method
Authors: Caglar Atife , Liakos Anastasios
Published: November 2008

We prove convergence of the finite element method for the Navier–Stokes equations in which the no‐slip condition and no‐penetration condition on the flow boundary are imposed via a penalty method. This approach has been previously studied for the Stokes problem by Liakos (Weak imposition of boundary conditions in the Stokes problem. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1999). Since, in most realistic applications, inertial effects dominate, it is crucial to extend the validity of the method to the nonlinear Navier–Stokes case. This report includes the analysis of this extension, as well as numerical results validating their analytical counterparts. Specifically, we show that optimal order of convergence can be achieved if the computational boundary follows the real flow boundary exactly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.