bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Granulosa cell tumour in a llama (Lama glama)
Authors: Carrasco Rodrigo A. , Hutt Kylie D. , McKenzie Christina M. , Adams Gregg P.
Published: November 2022

Hormonally active tumours are characterized by production and secretion of hormones, irrespective of endogenous feedback mechanisms. An adult llama had exuberant oestrous behaviour, infertility, elevated concentrations of oestradiol and a large ovarian mass. Necropsy revealed the presence of two large abdominal masses, one effacing the right ovary and one in the mesocolon. Considering the clinical and histopathological findings, we conclude that the llama was affected by a granulosa cell tumour. The case suggests that granulosa cell tumours in camelids are hormonally active, and the clinical presentation resembles that of other large animal species. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of an oestrogen‐producing, metastatic granulosa cell tumour in a llama.
Analysing Establishment Survey Non-Response Using Administrative Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Küfner Benjamin , Sakshaug Joseph W. , Zins Stefan
Published: November 2022

Declining participation in voluntary establishment surveys poses a risk of increasing non-response bias over time. In this paper, response rates and non-response bias are examined for the 2010–2019 IAB Job Vacancy Survey. Using comprehensive administrative data, we formulate and test several theory-driven hypotheses on survey participation and evaluate the potential of various machine learning algorithms for non-response bias adjustment. The analysis revealed that while the response rate decreased during the decade, no concomitant increase in aggregate non-response bias was observed. Several hypotheses of participation were at least partially supported. Lastly, the expanded use of administrative data reduced non-response bias over the standard weighting variables, but only limited evidence was found for further non-response bias reduction through the use of machine learning methods.
A multilevel analysis of the determinants of the attitude toward separate cycle paths in Taiwan
Authors: Yan Huang‐Ting , Hsu Yu‐Chin , Chang Yu‐Hung
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study examines why people support a policy for separate cycle paths but oppose the necessary means for its implementation—the narrowing of vehicle lanes and reduction of roadside parking spaces.

Methods

This study used cross‐sectional data from the 2009 Taiwan Bicycle Use Survey, covering 23 counties (n = 9236) and applying multilevel multinomial logistic regression models.

Results

Not in my backyard (NIMBY) or not in my interest (NIMI) were likely to agree on building separate cycle paths but disagree on the means for its implementation. While NIMBYs may support the policy if they are reasonably compensated with a much larger road area and an adequate number of parking spaces, NIMIs’ attitudes are more favorable if their government has sufficient financial resources to fund the proposal.

Conclusion

Local governments need to apply a compensation approach or have more funds to change the public's attitude toward the implementation of policies involving bikeway infrastructure.
The novel HLA‐DQB1*02:01:44 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhan Wen‐qi , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Du Ke‐ming , An Lin , Huang Xian‐bao
Published: November 2022

HLA‐DQB1*02:01:44 differs from HLA‐DQB1*02:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPB1*1348:01 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: November 2022

HLA‐DPB1*1348:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*14:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 147 in exon 3.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DQA1*01:01:01:11 and ‐DQA1*01:03:01:13 alleles in individuals from India
Authors: D'Silva Selma Z. , Tambe Manisha , Pinto Andrea S. , Singh Meenakshi
Published: November 2022

The novel alleles HLA‐DQA1*01:01:01:11 and ‐DQA1*01:03:01:13 were detected during the routine HLA typing process.
Haplotype mining panel for genetic dissection and breeding in Eucalyptus
Authors: Candotti Julia , Christie Nanette , Ployet Raphael , Mostert‐O'Neill Marja M. , Reynolds S. Melissa , Neves Leandro Gomide , Naidoo Sanushka , Mizrachi Eshchar , Duong Tuan A. , Myburg Alexander A.
Published: November 2022

To improve our understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits in plants, a comprehensive analysis of gene variants is required. Eucalyptus is an important forest plantation genus that is highly outbred. Trait dissection and molecular breeding in eucalypts currently relies on biallelic single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. These markers fail to capture the large amount of haplotype diversity in these species, and thus multi‐allelic markers are required. We aimed to develop a gene‐based haplotype mining panel for Eucalyptus species. We generated 17 999 oligonucleotide probe sets for targeted sequencing of selected regions of 6293 genes implicated in growth and wood properties, pest and disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. We identified and phased 195 834 SNPs using a read‐based phasing approach to reveal SNP‐based haplotypes. A total of 8915 target regions (at 4637 gene loci) passed tests for Mendelian inheritance. We evaluated the haplotype panel in four Eucalyptus species (E. grandis, E. urophylla, E. dunnii and E. nitens) to determine its ability to capture diversity across eucalypt species. This revealed an average of 3.13–4.52 haplotypes per target region in each species, and 33.36% of the identified haplotypes were shared by at least two species. This haplotype mining panel will enable the analysis of haplotype diversity within and between species, and provide multi‐allelic markers that can be used for genome‐wide association studies and gene‐based breeding approaches.
Entre Decisionismos e Realismos: Interpretando a Linguagem do Estado Social e Democrático de Direito
Authors: Oxley da Rocha Álvaro Filipe , Fernandes Dias Paulo Thiago , Lorenzini Cunha Tiago
Published: November 2022

O debate acerca dos decisionismos/realismos presentes na forma de interpretarmos a linguagem do Estado social e democrático de Direito tem crescido exponencialmente nos últimos anos em virtude da relação entre o direito e a filosofia. A aproximação entre esses dois campos do conhecimento permite compreender a atuação ativista (protagonismo) do Judiciário e as compreensões inadequadas acerca das consequências jurídicas na aplicação de um princípio, bem como dos riscos que são impostos a Democracia, quando inexistem instrumentos e (pré-compreensões) necessários (filosófica e sociológica) para dar suporte à adequação da posição do juiz dentro da estrutural estatal. Para esse fim, amparamo-nos nesses dois viesses – a filosofia e a sociologia –, visando colocar em perspectiva os limites acerca dos critérios que serão utilizados pelos magistrados frente ao Estado Social e Democrático de Direito. Por esse motivo, ao defendermos esse modelo estatal (democrático), a decisão do juiz jamais poderá ser um instrumento de conformação das demandas sociais ou, ainda, da procura de uma verdade realista, mas somente a partir do controle racional e justificada (legal) da subjetividade do operador do Direito que conseguiremos preservar as conquistas civilizatórias, consagradas depois sangue e sacrifício humano, em nossa Constituição Federal.
Estudos Críticos do Discurso e Hermenêutica: Interpretação, Ideologia e Direito
Authors: De Macedo Menna Barreto Ricardo
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo, situado no âmbito das relações entre a Crítica do Direito e os Estudos Críticos do Discurso de Teun A. van Dijk, tem por objetivo dar prosseguimento aos desenvolvimentos teóricos da Crítica Linguística do Direito (Autor, 2019), movimento crítico que busca estudar o discurso jurídico em suas interrelações com outros discursos sociais, com ênfase no estudo da ideologia, do abuso de poder, do preconceito e da desigualdade social. Identificamos como problema de pesquisa a necessidade de articulação dos Estudos Críticos do Discurso com um instrumental metodológico-hermenêutico que auxilie tanto pesquisas linguísticas, jurídicas como sociais, na interpretação das ideologias. Para tanto, encadeou-se, em um nível epistemológico, a concepção hermenêutica de van Dijk com a Hermenêutica de Profundidade proposta por John B. Thompson. Entendemos que a articulação teórica destas perspectivas hermenêuticas apontam para a possibilidade de estudiosos do discurso, juristas e cientistas sociais ressignificarem o papel da hermenêutica em suas práticas a partir de um instrumental metodológico capaz de auxiliar na interpretação de ideologias em um contexto de crescente dominação social. Quanto à metodologia, partimos de uma revisão bibliográfica para estabelecer uma compreensão através do conhecimento partilhado pelo diálogo interdisciplinar.
A Teoria Estruturante do Direito de Friedrich Müller no Brasil
Authors: Burg Amanda Karolini , Nogueira Amorim Filho Nelson , Das Neves Gonçalves Everton
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho visa verificar a utilização prática da Teoria Estruturante do Direito, de Friedrich Müller, a partir dos trabalhos científicos elaborados perante o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), que utilizam a referida teoria como fundamentação teórica. Para tanto, tem-se como objetivos específico: (i) delinear a Teoria Estruturante do Direito e sua Metódica Jurídica; bem como, (ii) verificar a utilização da Teoria Estruturante do Direito nas dissertações elaboradas junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFSC. Verifica-se que a teoria de Friedrich Müller teve aplicação em específicos trabalhos acadêmicos no âmbito daquele Programa. Conclui-se que, todos os trabalhos analisados utilizaram a Teoria pós-positivista de Müller como forma de avanço “hermenêutico” para aplicação do Direito Brasileiro. Opta-se pela utilização do método de abordagem dedutivo, com aplicação da técnica de pesquisa de documentação indireta via pesquisa bibliográfica.
Legalidade e Valor
Authors: Pelliciari Pedro Henrique Lima , Cordeiro Leal André
Published: November 2022

No presente artigo, pretendemos demonstrar as razões – via teoria da evolução social – pelas quais Jürgen Habermas rejeita, ao menos em parte, os valores em sua Teoria do Direito. Em termos metodológicos, realizamos pesquisa teórica ao investigarmos a teoria da evolução social do autor que, ao nosso ver, demonstra o porquê dessa recusa, não sem antes empreendermos a diferenciação entre as normas e os valores em sua obra. Ainda que essa diferenciação entre normas e valores não seja uma novidade em termos habermasianos, ao que nos parece, há uma carência de um tratamento que essa diferenciação produz quando o autor se volta mais proximamente ao Direito em Facticidade e Validade. Dessa forma, concluímos que a recusa em parte dos valores no âmbito jurídico ocorre por razões evolucionárias, assim como da tentativa de evitar um paternalismo valorativo por vias do Direito.
Diferenças Jurídicas entre a Formulação e a Implementação da Política Pública de Saúde
Authors: Schroer Joice , Reck Janriê
Published: November 2022

O presente estudo tem como finalidade a compreensão do ciclo das políticas públicas e, em especial, as fases de formulação e implementação da Política Pública de Saúde. O problema que norteia a pesquisa é identificar quais as diferenças jurídicas entre a formulação e implementação da Política Pública de Saúde. A hipótese é de que a formulação esteja vinculada aos modelos de decisões tomados, aos órgãos responsáveis e aos objetivos que se almeja alcançar, enquanto a fase de implementação corresponda ao planjemanto orçamenário. O método de pesquisa será o dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa a bibliográfica. O trabalho divide-se em dois segmentos, que correspondem aos objetivos específicos do estudo. Primeiro aborda-se a Política Pública e o seu respectivo ciclo, em seguida, analisa-se as diferenças jurídicas existentes na fase de formulação e implementação da Política Pública de Saúde, buscando identificar diretrizes e especificidades de cada fase.
Perfis Históricos e Teóricos da Hermenêutica Jurídica Nomofactual
Authors: Carlizzi Gaetano , Stamile Natalina , Castilho Gomes Nestor
Published: November 2022

Nos atuais discursos dos filósofos e cientistas do Direito, se fala cada vez mais de “hermenêutica jurídica”. Todavia, quando se tenta entender o que eles querem dizer com essa expressão, muitas vezes percebe‑se que estão se referindo a coisas bem diferentes. Assim, repercorrendo a história do pensamento jurídico, resulta que a hermenêutica jurídica consistia ou apenas na prática da interpretação (Direitos romano e medieval), ou também em sua metodologia (desde a Baixa Idade Média até o final do século XVIII), ou, ademais, na sua teoria (graças ao trabalho de F. C. Von Savigny no século XIX), ou, sempre para além das outras formas, em uma verdadeira filosofia do Direito. Este artigo concentra‑se nesta última forma, em particular no que se propõe chamar “hermenêutica jurídica nomofactual”, movimento de pensamento inaugurado a partir da década de 20 do século passado por G. Radbruch, fortalecido nas décadas seguintes, até o início dos anos 1980, por outrospensadores alemães, e, finalmente, recepcionado em vários países (incluindo Itália e Espanha). Mais precisamente, a ideia lançada pela primeira vez por esse movimento, segundo a qual o direito deriva sempre da dialética entre um elemento normativo e um elemento factual, será aqui explorada ilustrando as onze teses principais em que se caracterizou.
A Modeling Study of RED-MED Salinity Gradient Heat Engine: The Conventional Scheme and a Modified Scheme
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yang Dongxiao , Liu Yaguang , Song Shili
Published: November 2022

Reverse electrodialysis-multi-effect distillation (RED-MED) heat engine has received increasing attention in recent years, due to its ability to convert low temperature waste heat into salinity gradient energy, and then extract electric power from it. In this work, the RED-MED coupled system was studied with a mathematical model, which was validated by our experimental results. The influences of RED channel length and the feed flowrate on the performance of the coupled system were studied. Furthermore, in the literature, only one of the two streams leaving RED, i.e., either the dilute or the concentrate, is split and partly mixed with another stream before being treated in MED. In this paper, a modified scheme is proposed, in which both the two streams were split, i.e., only a fraction of the concentrate solution was mixed with a fraction of the dilute. The purpose of the modification is to further reduce the total flowrate in MED. After the modification, both the energy efficiency and the heat exchange area requirement of MED increase. The optimum value of the split fraction was discussed. Results imply that while the studies reported in the literature mainly focus on the aspects closely related to the RED section, attention should also be paid to the overall scheme design of the RED-MED coupled system.
Research on Overdischarge Lithium-Ion Battery Based on X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Xiaofan Zhang , Lifu Li , Shengqian Li
Published: November 2022

Overdischarge is one of the main factors of lithium-ion battery failure, due to the inconsistency of lithium-ion battery in pack. However, the failure mechanism remains unclear. This article introduces the X-ray computed tomography (CT) to explore the gas production and copper dissolution of lithium battery during overdischarge state. From tomographic images in two different cross-sectional directions, the internal structure changes of bulge deformation and copper deposition are observed to quantitatively analyze the relationship between copper deposition and overdischarge state of charge. The position distribution is analyzed by density distribution feature, which indicate that the gas production is mainly distributed in the middle of the battery, and the copper deposition is distributed around the outer side. The experimental result shows that X-ray CT is a nondestructive, quantitative, visual, and effective way to study the internal structure and material distribution of the overdischarge battery, so as to effectively monitor the state of the lithium-ion battery, to avoid dangerous problems such as internal short circuits and thermal runaway.
Investigation of Hydraulic Conditions and Shape of Flip Bucket Spillways on Cavitation Phenomenon by Considering Dynamic Pressures
Authors: Vatandoust Hessam , Yarmohammadi Hamidreza , Aliyari Tara
Published: November 2022

Cavitation is one of the destructive phenomena which occurs in hydraulic structures and can cause considerable damage to them. This phenomenon is likely to take place in parts of hydraulic structures where the flow velocity is high and water pressure is below the water vapor pressure, thereby leading to the formation of cavitation bubbles. Dynamic pressures may, frequently and in short time periods, reduce flow pressure to below the vapor pressure of water and form cavitation bubbles as a result. Taking dynamic pressures into account, this study examines the potential for the occurrence of cavitation in flip bucket spillways. This research is based on experimental studies and it focuses on the cavitation phenomenon by measurements of pressure fluctuations along flip bucket spillways with different geometrical characteristics. Measurements of dynamic and statics pressures on three different models of flip buckets were made within a range of different Froude numbers. Using statistical analyses on pressure fluctuations, this study has obtained the equivalent pressures of the 0.1% incidence probability, which, in turn, have been used, along with static pressures, for calculating the cavitation. Results show that as the Froude number increases (from nearly five to almost ten), the cavitation index decreases, and after that, the trend of cavitation index is reversed and starts to rise. Also, it is demonstrated that the cavitation probability on inlet and outlet scope of the flip bucket is higher than the middle part. Hence, cavitation incidence probability increases while the ratio of width to radius of the bucket rises.
A Comparison of the High-Pressure Viscometry and Optical Inference Methods Used to Determine the Pressure-Viscosity Coefficient
Authors: Hannon W. M. , Hager C. H. , Sadinski R. J.
Published: November 2022

Pressure-viscosity coefficients (PVC) are used in the predictions of elastohydrodynamic lubricated (EHL) componentry. These coefficients are obtained by either viscometry or optical EHL inference. The literature indicates that each method differs in its conclusion. Those who favor viscometry believe optical methods yield a misleading coefficient. Those who favor optical methods suggest low shear viscometric results over-predict the high shear-influenced film thickness. This work compares each method relative to di-(ethylhexyl) sebacate (DEHS), and five MIL and DOD spec lubricants. PVC results from viscometry and two optical methods are presented. Comparisons are made relative to other published measurements. Conclusions show PVCs inferred from optical film thickness measurements, differ from those obtained by viscometry. Viscometry methods are demonstrated as being consistent. Optically inferred results have uncertainty and require ample data to align with classical dimensionless speed exponents. While the optical measurements are truly EHL, the test conditions fall outside the fitted window of classical algebraic film equations, like that of Hamrock and Dowson. The PVC discrepancies, between optical inference and viscometry and for the studied fluids, cannot be explained by the proper account of the refractive index, shear thinning models, and/or film thickness correction models.
A Common Simulating Model on Complicated Self-Deformation of 4D Printed Bilayer Structures
Authors: Feng Yixiong , Song Junjie , Wang Yong , Zeng Siyuan , Hong Zhaoxi , Qiu Hao , Tan Jianrong
Published: November 2022

4D printing, as an emerging technology, fabricates structures with smart materials which deform under stimuli. The bilayer structure is special in 4D printing that has lots of capabilities such as self-folding. The prediction of bilayer structure deformation in the design phase is very important to meet the application requirements better. However, there has been little research on simulating the self-deformation of 4D printed bilayer structures before fabricating and most of these studies only consider the bending of bilayer plates. In our work, a common model is proposed which can simulate the complicated self-deformation of 4D printed bilayer structures. Firstly, the deformation reason of 4D printed bilayer structures is analyzed and the mismatch of the two layers in a bilayer structure is modeled with a simplified energy density function. Secondly, a reduced bilayer plate model proposed by Bartels is introduced and improved by considering the different anisotropic expansions of each layer. Under this model, the deformation simulating of the bilayer plate is transformed into an energy minimization problem. Thirdly, the optimization problem is solved using the numerical iterative scheme established by Bartels and the deformation process of the simulated bilayer plate is also visualized. Lastly, some numerical simulations on bending, twisting, and ringing deformations of bilayer structures are conducted and compared with the corresponding experiments based on thermal-driven PLA bilayer structures and the results verify the validity of this common simulating model. This method also has the advantages of high efficiency and good convergence by simplifying the simulation into a 2D problem and avoiding contact analysis. This work provides a new view for predicting the deformation of 4D printed bilayer structures which we think is highly significant.
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Two Members Angle-Shaped Energy Harvester
Authors: Danzi Francesco , Tao Hongcheng , Joodaky Amin , Gibert James M.
Published: November 2022

In this article we propose a theoretical investigation of the nonlinear dynamical response of a class of planar resonators dubbed the V-Shaped resonator. The resonators are intended for energy harvesting purpose and are designed to exhibit two-to-one internal resonance. In particular, we navigate the design space for the generalized V-shaped resonator to investigate the influence of shape parameters on the performance of the Vibration Energy Harvester. Notably, we introduce two metrics that help elucidating the role of the shape parameter in dictating the behavior of the system in terms of peak voltage and operational bandwidth width. For simplicity, we consider that the system is subjected to harmonic excitations near its primary resonances.
Enchanced Functionality Design of Soft Grabbing Robot With Virtual Reality
Authors: Rizov Tashko , Djokikj Jelena , Jovanova Jovana
Published: November 2022

The design phase in robotics engineering is the core action for defining functionality. In soft robotics, especially in soft grabbing mechanisms, the challenge is to envision the interaction with different objects in terms of shape, size and stiffness. By enhancing the design phase with virtual reality (VR), all involved entities in the process are provided with a visualization method that facilitates the process and supports the functionality definition. In this way, utilizing VR, we exploit the possibilities of the designed soft grabbing robot and at the same time analyze different applications. When it comes to grabbing objects, application can vary over industry and sizes: from harvesting fruits and vegetables in the agricultural industry, over sorting objects in warehouses, to handling break bulk in ports. In this paper we demonstrate the use of VR in the conceptual design phase of a smart robotic grasper inspired by elephant’s trunk. By applying VR in the early stages of the design process, we can analyze the robot and its interaction with the environment and intervene if needed in the CAD model. With this approach we are saving resources but more importantly time and at the end of the design stage we are confident in the robot’s functionality and performances.
Random Vibration Based Robust Damage Detection on an Operating Wind Turbine Blade Under Variable Natural Excitation Conditions
Authors: Konis Panagiotis , Tcherniak Dmitri , Fassois Spilios D.
Published: November 2022

The problem of random vibration based robust damage detection on operating wind turbine blade under variable natural excitation conditions is considered via multiple accelerometer sensors and three crack type damage scenarios. For this purpose four Hyper-Sphere Healthy Subspace type damage detection methods are postulated: Two based on Multiple-Input Single-Output Transmittance Function representations and referred to as Class I methods and two based on Multiple-Output representations and referred to as Class II ones. A Principal Component Analysis enhanced method and a non-enhanced counterpart are included in each class. The results, based on a systematic assessment via 3 000 Test Cases and training with only 100 healthy signal sets, indicate that four sensors are adequate for achieving excellent detection performance reaching almost 100% True Positive Rate (TPR) for just 1% False Positive Rate (FPR) for the 15 cm crack damage scenario and for 0% FPR for the 30 cm and 45 cm damage scenarios. The PCA-enhanced methods offer significantly improved performance over their non-enhanced counterparts, and the Class I methods surpass their Class II counterparts, with the PCA-enhanced Class I method being overall best. The drastic performance improvements achieved by over earlier studies are also illustrated.
Workspace Evolution of Hard Magnetic Soft Elastica
Authors: Swetha Juturu , Tamadapu Ganesh , Ali Shaikh Faruque
Published: November 2022

Workspace, the set of all possible positions reached by the end effector, must be large for a continuum robot for safe steer-ability. Magnetically actuated soft robots have high workspace due to their millimetre-scale size and large flexibility, enabling them to navigate constrained environments. When subjected to an external magnetic field, they undergo large deflections by interacting with magnetic particles. This work develops closed-form (assuming 2D planar) and numerical solutions to rotation and deflection for uniformly magnetised elastica at an angle using Cosserat rod theory. They are derived in terms of the elliptic function and shooting method, respectively, and are in good agreement with the experimental results provided in the literature. Deflection and rotation plots are presented for various input conditions. The analytical solutions show pitchfork bifurcation when the external field is antiparallel to the magnetic direction with a peak normalised half workspace of 0.103. In contrast, perturbed pitchfork bifurcation is observed for the other angles; increasing the workspace to 0.416 is not yet studied in the existing literature.
A Method to Generate 3D Patient-Specific Total Knee Arthroplasty Tibia Models
Authors: Gothard Andrew T. , Anton Steven R.
Published: November 2022

Geometric information about a patient’s anatomy is vital in pre-operative planning for orthopedic surgeries. At present, many physicians rely on the analysis of 2D scans, such as radiographs, magnetic resonance images (MRIs), or computed tomography (CT) scans, in order to visualize a patient’s geometry. Research is being done to develop patient-specific 3D bone geometry to aid in pre-operative planning and assist in creating personalized finite element models that can help predict complications or failure after surgery. While 3D models are incredibly useful and have been developed for several parts of the human anatomy, there is still a great need for cost-effective ways to create personalized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) models. Currently, methods for creating patient-specific knee geometries typically only consider patients without TKA implants, rely on expensive medical imaging, such as layered CT scans, or require a large database of 3D models. This work presents a novel semi-automated process to create patient-specific 3D tibia geometry for TKA patients using pairs of standard, low-cost bi-planar radiographs. The method presented involves two main stages. In the first stage, the geometric bone contours from each view of the tibia are extracted from two bi-planar radiographs using gradient thresholding and Canny edge detection on user-defined regions of interest. The second stage aligns the two extracted tibia contours with a generic 3D tibia model from the 6th SimTK Grand Challenge Dataset and then modifies the generic 3D model to match the radiographic contours using a full-ellipse scaling and shifting (FESS) method. The effectiveness of the FESS method is evaluated by comparing the contours of the generated patient-specific model in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views to the radiograph contours in the AP and lateral views using difference calculations for three TKA patients. The maximum difference between the patient-specific models and the radiographs in both AP and lateral views is found to be on the order of 1 mm.
An Information Theory Approach for Internet of Things Enabled Damage Monitoring
Authors: Malik Sarah , Kontsos Antonios
Published: November 2022

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques such as acoustic emission, digital image correlation, infrared thermography, ultrasonic testing among others, have been used to monitor evolutionary failure processes, related to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Although such NDE sensing assists in understanding evolving material and structural states, machine learning methods capable of using real-time NDE data enable additional insights related to diagnostics and prognostics. In this context, this investigation presents a novel approach to enable the real time use of NDE data for damage detection. To achieve this goal, an Internet of Things (IoT) framework developed by the authors is used in conjunction with NDE datasets for near real-time diagnostics of crack initiation at the laboratory scale. Compact-tension specimens of an aerospace-grade aluminum alloy were used in accordance with ASTM standards. Acoustic emission NDE datasets were acquired and were subsequently used in an in-house built, scalable IoT system capable of edge and cloud computing with the purpose to reliably identify crack initiation. Once the signals are transmitted from the edge to the fog node, the trained information-entropy based model determines if the raw data is indicative of crack. The model used during live testing is trained offline on the Cloud. The model characterizes the disorder in signals using Shannon’s Entropy to ultimately determine the amount of information per signal. Then a statistical model is used to characterize such information. During the testing process, the signals are segmented based on file chunks to allow for real-time transmission. The main innovation of this approach is the fact that a combination of hardware, computing and machine learning analysis proves to be advantageous in implementing a data structure that can be used at the edge and which can successfully flag the incubation and subsequent initiation of fracture. The IoT system described can be applied to a variety of test setups and at various length scales. Extensions of this work to include forecasting are also discussed.
Temperature Compensation for Electromechanical Impedance Signatures With Data-Driven Modeling
Authors: Femi-Oyetoro James , Sangle Sourabh , Tarazaga Pablo , Albakri Mohammad I.
Published: November 2022

Impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) is recognized as a non-intrusive, highly sensitive, and model-independent SHM solution that is readily applicable to complex structures. This SHM method relies on analyzing the electromechanical impedance (EMI) signature of the structure under test over the time span of its operation. Changes in the EMI signature, compared to a baseline measured at the healthy state of the structure, often indicate damage. This method has successfully been applied to assess the integrity of numerous civil, aerospace, and mechanical components and structures. However, EMI sensitivity to environmental conditions, the temperature, in particular, has been an ongoing challenge facing the wide adoption of this method. Temperature-induced variation in EMI signatures can be misinterpreted as damage, leading to false positives, or may overshadow the effects of incipient damage in the structure.

In this paper, a new method for temperature compensation of EMI signature is presented. Data-driven dynamic models are first developed by fitting EMI signatures measured at various temperatures using the Vector Fitting algorithm. Once these models are developed, the dependence of model parameters on temperature is established. A parametric data-driven model is then derived with temperature as a parameter. This allows for EMI signatures to be calculated at any desired temperature. The capabilities of this new temperature compensation method are demonstrated on aluminum samples, where EMI signatures are measured at various temperatures. The developed method is found to be capable of temperature compensation of EMI signatures at a broad frequency range.
Approaching the Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Human Achilles Tendon
Authors: Fuentes Garcia Miguel Angel , Wohlfert Abigail J. , Chesson David , Vranish Jennifer R. , Anton Steven R.
Published: November 2022

The literature shows there is no validated procedure to measure the tensile properties in different regions along the length of human tendons. The slippery surfaces and non-homogeneous properties of tendons reduce the probability of success when using traditional methods. So, there is a need to implement an experimental technique that ensures accurate measurement of the mechanical properties of human tissue. The development of new technologies allows us to face problems with new approaches. Computer vision is a trending topic in the development of new technology, one of its branches is digital image correlation (DIC). DIC is a non-contact technique used for tracking pixels along a group of sequential images and, when combined with tensile testing, can be used to track sample deformation and strain at discrete points in space. This work develops a technique that analyzes bovine tendons using digital image correlation and custom-designed 3D printed clamps. The advantage of DIC is that it analyzes the deformation of the tendon throughout the complete sample, allowing us to quantify the mechanical properties in different regions within the tendon. First, a 3D printed clamp is designed considering the challenges of gripping soft tissue. The clamp prevents damage to the tissue during testing. A random speckle pattern is created on the surface of a roller using open CAD software named OpenSCAD. The bovine tendons are painted with the roller and tested in a uniaxial load frame. These results can be used in the future to repeat this technique with human Achilles tendons to quantify the tensile properties of the tendon and aid in the design and material selection of prosthetic tendons for people suffering from injury or disease.
Implications of Resistive Force on Variable Recruitment Fluidic Artificial Muscle Bundle State Transition
Authors: Kim Jeong Yong , Bryant Matthew
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the effect of resistive forces within a variable recruitment (VR) bundle actuators during recruitment state transition. Due to their versatility in design, ease of manufacturing, high force-to-weight ratio, and inherent compliance, FAMs have become a favorable actuation method for the robotics research community. Recently, researchers have adapted mammalian muscle topology to construct a multi-chamber FAM bundle actuator, consisting of separate units of actuation called motor units (MUs). These bundle actuators have VR functionality in which one or more MUs are sequentially activated according to the load demand. This activation scheme has been shown to have higher actuator efficiencies as compared to a single equivalent cross-sectional area FAM actuator. A characteristic behavior of VR bundles is the interaction between FAM elements in the bundle. Distinctively during recruitment state transition, inactive/low-pressure FAMs buckle outward and are compressed past its free strain due to the higher strain of fully active FAMs. There exists an onset pressure above which such FAMs need to contribute positively to the overall force output of the bundle. This paper presents a realistic scenario in which MU pressure is controlled by a hydraulic servo valve. As a result, the overall bundle force exhibits a sharp decrease during recruitment state transition while the MU being recruited is below the onset pressure.
Effects of Pennate Angle on FAM Bundle Hydraulic Efficiency for Robot Arm Motion
Authors: Duan Emily , Bryant Matthew
Published: November 2022

This paper will investigate the effects of pennate angle on fluidic artificial muscle (FAM) bundles for a robot arm motion. Rising interest in soft fluidic actuators exists due to their prospective inherent compliance and safe human-robot interaction. The high force-to-weight ratio, innate flexibility, inexpensive construction, and muscle-like force-contraction behavior of McKibben FAMs make them an attractive type of soft fluidic actuator. Multi-unit architectures found in biological muscles tissues and geometric fiber arrangements have inspired the development of hierarchical actuators to enhance the total actuator performance and increase actuator functionality. Parallel, asymmetric unipennate, and symmetric bipennate are three muscle fiber arrangement types found in human skeletal muscle tissues. Unique characteristics of the pennate muscle tissue, with muscle fibers arranged obliquely from the line of muscle motion, enable passive regulation of effective transmission between the fibers and muscle. Prior studies developed an analytical model based on idealized assumptions to leverage this pennate topology in optimal fiber parameter design for FAM bundles under spatial bounds. The findings showed FAMs in the bipennate topology can be designed to amplify the muscle output force, contraction, and stiffness as compared to that of a parallel topology under equivalent spatial and operating constraints. This work seeks to extend upon previous studies by investigating the effects of pennate angle on actuation and system hydraulic efficiency for a robot arm with a more realistic FAM model. The results will progress toward tailoring actuator topology designs for custom compliant actuation applications.
Area selective deposition of ruthenium on 3D structures
Authors: Sondhi Kartik , Sharangpani Rahul , Said Ramy Nashed Bassely , Nag Joyeeta , Gribelyuk Michael , Kanakamedala Senaka , Makala Raghuveer S.
Published: November 2022

Trends in device miniaturization have driven the adoption of new materials that, in turn, have enabled significant advancements in the field of process engineering and integration for semiconductor technology. Continued progress for device scaling is necessary and can be enabled by advances in lithographic techniques and deposition schemes. Thin-film deposition for spacers and etch stop layers has become a mainstay to enable and extend traditional 2D scaling into the 3D realm for fabricating advanced semiconductor devices. For processing 3D structures, controlled film deposition with subnanometer resolution in high aspect ratio features is desired. Area selective deposition (ASD) can be a powerful response to such a challenge. ASD is a type of thin-film deposition technique scheme that can be used to eliminate the need for several expensive and time-consuming lithography steps with fewer performance penalties. In this work, we show ASD of ruthenium (Ru) on 3D molybdenum (Mo)–silicon oxide (SiO2) stacks by utilizing the inherent substrate preference of the Ru precursor to a H-terminated surface. In the best selectivity condition, our results show growth of ∼5 nm Ru on Mo, with no film growth on SiO2. Changes in Ru growth kinetics were observed after dilute hydrofluoric acid (DHF) treatment for both surfaces. Post-DHF treatment, the Ru growth rate on Mo was reduced by 5%. However, on SiO2 (after incubation delay), the growth rate was reduced by 94% compared to untreated surfaces. This translates to a very high difference in the growth rate of Ru on Mo vs SiO2, even after considering the incubation delay. Finally, by using 3D topologies with high aspect ratio holes, we have highlighted that it is important to deconvolute the effects of precursor depletion and selectivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of ASD of Ru on 3D structures without the use of any blocking layers. Therefore, these results demonstrate a new paradigm for ASD in 3D features.
Computational analysis of vertical comb-drive microactuator with extended mirror for manipulation of light
Authors: Sharma Varun P. , Ganguli Tapas , Shukla Rahul
Published: November 2022

Squeeze film damping is a dominant mechanism to examine the losses in the micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems. It plays an important role in understanding the dynamic performance of vertical-comb drive (VCD) microactuator. In the present paper, finite element method is used to estimate the Q factor and damping ratio at varying ambient pressures ranging from atmospheric (105 Pa) to vacuum (0.1 Pa) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The effect of ambient pressure on dynamic performance of the VCD is discussed in detail. Based on the applications, two different VCDs (VCD-L and VCD-SR) with extended micromirrors have been proposed in the current study for the manipulation of light. VCD-L having lower eigen frequency of 670 Hz can be used in laser and biomedical applications. VCD-SR with higher eigen frequency nearly 90 kHz has the potential use in a synchrotron radiation source. In addition, a parametric study is done to understand the performance of VCD for varying process parameters such as variable offset length among the comb fingers, spring dimensions, and orientation of single crystal silicon. For spring design, the von-Mises stress theory is preferred over maximum shear stress theory.
Effects of metal redeposition in plasma sputtering
Authors: Kiyokawa Kei , Saito Reiko , Morita Masato , Sakamoto Tetsuo
Published: November 2022

Ion sputtering, whereby atoms on target surfaces are bombarded by energetic ions, is a key process in the film-coating industry. However, its detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified and remains an empirical operation. This article demonstrates that the redeposition of metal on the target surface significantly enhances the sputtering rate. Although the effect differs depending on the metal species, significant enhancement in the sputtering rate occurs in glow-discharge plasma sputtering––a maximum increase of approximately 2.4 times was observed under experimental conditions. The experimental data agree well with the model equation, which superimposes two processes: sputtering by the desorbed redeposited metal and reduction of the enthalpy of sublimation by the adsorbed redeposited metal. The results of this study demonstrate that the metal redeposition effect is a key mechanism missing in the plasma sputtering process and that taking redeposition into account frees us from its empirical use. These findings are expected to address several of the existing questions related to sputtering, enabling the development of a wide variety of applications.
The mechanism of acentrosomal spindle assembly in human oocytes
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Dong Jie , Fu Jing , Kuang Yanping , Chen Biaobang , Gu Hao , Luo Yuxi , Gu Ruihuan , Zhang Meiling , Li Wen , Dong Xi , Sun Xiaoxi , Sang Qing , Wang Lei
Published: November 2022

Meiotic spindle assembly ensures proper chromosome segregation in oocytes. However, the mechanisms behind spindle assembly in human oocytes remain largely unknown. We used three-dimensional high-resolution imaging of more than 2000 human oocytes to identify a structure that we named the human oocyte microtubule organizing center (huoMTOC). The proteins TACC3, CCP110, CKAP5, and DISC1 were found to be essential components of the huoMTOC. The huoMTOC arises beneath the oocyte cortex and migrates adjacent to the nuclear envelope before nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). After NEBD, the huoMTOC fragments and relocates on the kinetochores to initiate microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly. Disrupting the huoMTOC led to spindle assembly defects and oocyte maturation arrest. These results reveal a physiological mechanism of huoMTOC-regulated spindle assembly in human oocytes.
Cavity-enabled enhancement of ultrafast intramolecular vibrational redistribution over pseudorotation
Authors: Chen Teng-Teng , Du Matthew , Yang Zimo , Yuen-Zhou Joel , Xiong Wei
Published: November 2022

Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) between molecular vibrations and microcavity photons yields a few polaritons (light-matter modes) and many dark modes (with negligible photonic character). Although VSC is reported to alter thermally activated chemical reactions, its mechanisms remain opaque. To elucidate this problem, we followed ultrafast dynamics of a simple unimolecular vibrational energy exchange in iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)
5
] under VSC, which showed two competing channels: pseudorotation and intramolecular vibrational-energy redistribution (IVR). We found that under polariton excitation, energy exchange was overall accelerated, with IVR becoming faster and pseudorotation being slowed down. However, dark-mode excitation revealed unchanged dynamics compared with those outside of the cavity, with pseudorotation dominating. Thus, despite controversies around thermally activated VSC modified chemistry, our work shows that VSC can indeed alter chemistry through a nonequilibrium preparation of polaritons.
Potential bias in genetic correlations
Authors: Grotzinger Andrew D. , Keller Matthew C.
Published: November 2022

Mating patterns across two traits can inflate estimates of genetic overlap
Billionaire’s crypto company collapse strands scientists
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: November 2022

As FTX files for bankruptcy, the grantees its foundations supported may not see all of their pledged money
Multiple Copies of a
qnrB19
Gene Are Carried by Tandem Repeats of an IS
26
Composite Transposon in an Escherichia coli Plasmid
Authors: Argueta Felix , Tatarenkov Andrey , Mota-Bravo Luis
Published: November 2022

The fully assembled genome of
Escherichia coli
strain BR1220 shows a triple tandemly arrayed IS
26
composite transposon carrying a
qnrB19
quinolone resistance gene in a 100-kb multidrug resistance plasmid (1.6 copies per chromosome [CPC]) and a 2.6-kb Col(pHAD28) plasmid (27.8 CPC) with a nearly identical
qnrB19
gene region.
Properties of Cardiac Myosin with Cardiomyopathic Mutations in Essential Light Chains
Authors: Yampolskaya Daria S. , Kopylova Galina V. , Shchepkin Daniil V. , Bershitsky Sergey Y. , Matyushenko Alexander M. , Levitsky Dmitrii I.
Published: November 2022

The effects of cardiomyopathic mutations E56G, M149V, and E177G in the MYL3 gene encoding essential light chain of human ventricular myosin (ELCv), on the functional properties of cardiac myosin and its isolated head (myosin subfragment 1, S1) were investigated. Only the M149V mutation upregulated the actin-activated ATPase activity of S1. All mutations significantly increased the Ca2+-sensitivity of the sliding velocity of thin filaments on the surface with immobilized myosin in the in vitro motility assay, while mutations E56G and M149V (but not E177G) reduced the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments and F-actin filaments almost twice. Therefore, despite the fact that all studied mutations in ELCv are involved in the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the mechanisms of their influence on the actin–myosin interaction are different.