bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘It would help if the teacher helps you a bit more… instead of going to the brainiest who don't need a lot of help’: exploring the perspectives of dissatisfied girls on the periphery of primary classroom life
Authors: Fisher Helen
Published: February 2013

This study explores the perspectives of three girls, identified through progressive sampling, from an original study of over 100 children's behaviour in, and feelings towards, literacy and, in the latter stages, all subjects, across one academic year. Through observational and semi‐structured interview data, the girls’ dissatisfaction, veiled behind compliant behaviour (Fisher, 2011), emerged, but also revealed their peripheral classroom position (Francis, 2005), relative to the more central position of masculine pupils and/or those ‘working above the expected level’. This article argues for an emphasis on the classroom ecology, both within policy and practice, so that in our desire to raise standards, we do not neglect the values which the teacher inspires and encourages, both in the classroom and throughout the school day, values so often witnessed, anonymously and silently, by children. Through the identification of these values, and the ecologies which they encourage, it is argued that a peripheral position can be exposed and challenged.
An ultra scale‐down characterization of low shear stress primary recovery stages to enhance selectivity of fusion protein recovery from its molecular variants
Authors: Lau Eduardo C. , Kong Simyee , McNulty Shaun , Entwisle Claire , Mcilgorm Ann , Dalton Kate A. , Hoare Mike
Published: February 2013

Fusion proteins offer the prospect of new therapeutic products with multiple functions. The primary recovery is investigated of a fusion protein consisting of modified E2 protein from hepatitis C virus fused to human IgG1 Fc and expressed in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Fusion protein products inevitably pose increased challenge in preparation and purification. Of particular concerns are: (i) the impact of shear stress on product integrity and (ii) the presence of product‐related contaminants which could prove challenging to remove during the high resolution purification steps. This paper addresses the use of microwell‐based ultra scale‐down (USD) methods to develop a bioprocess strategy focused on the integration of cell culture and cell removal operations and where the focus is on the use of operations which impart low shear stress levels even when applied at eventual manufacturing scale. An USD shear device was used to demonstrate that cells exposed to high process stresses such as those that occur in the feed zone of a continuous non‐hermetic centrifuge resulted in the reduction of the fusion protein and also the release of glycosylated intracellular variants. In addition, extended cell culture resulted in release of such variants. USD mimics of low shear stress, hydrohermetic feed zone centrifugation and of depth filtration were used to demonstrate little to no release during recovery of these variants with both results verified at pilot scale. Furthermore, the USD studies were used to predict removal of contaminants such as lipids, nucleic acids, and cell debris with, for example, depth filtration delivering greater removal than for centrifugation but a small (∼10%) decrease in yield of the fusion protein. These USD observations of product recovery and carryover of contaminants were also confirmed at pilot scale as was also the capacity or throughput achievable for continuous centrifugation or for depth filtration. The advantages are discussed of operating a lower yield cell culture and a low shear stress recovery process in return for a considerably less challenging purification demand. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1973–1983. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using high throughput screening to define virus clearance by chromatography resins
Authors: Connell‐Crowley Lisa , Larimore Elizabeth A. , Gillespie Ron
Published: February 2013

High throughput screening (HTS) of chromatography resins can accelerate downstream process development by rapidly providing information on product and impurity partitioning over a wide range of experimental conditions. In addition to the removal of typical product and process‐related impurities, chromatography steps are also used to remove potential adventitious viral contaminants and non‐infectious retrovirus‐like particles expressed by rodent cell lines used for production. This article evaluates the feasibility of using HTS in a 96‐well batch‐binding format to study removal of the model retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus (xMuLV) from product streams. Two resins were examined: the anion exchange resin Q Sepharose Fast Flow™ (QSFF) and Capto adhere™, a mixed mode resin. QSFF batch‐binding HTS data was generated using two mAbs at various pHs, NaCl concentrations, and levels of impurities. Comparison of HTS data to that generated using the column format showed good agreement with respect to virus retentation at different pHs, NaCl concentrations and impurity levels. Results indicate that NaCl concentration and impurity level, but not pH, are key parameters that can impact xMuLV binding to both resins. Binding of xMuLV to Capto adhere appeared to tolerate higher levels of NaCl and impurity than QSFF, and showed some product‐specific impact on binding that was not observed with QSFF. Overall, the results demonstrate that the 96‐well batch‐binding HTS technique can be an effective tool for rapidly defining conditions for robust virus clearance on chromatographic resins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1984–1994. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical innovation
Authors: Nelson H
Published: February 2013

A Nobel pursuit
Design of In Vitro Bioactive Hybrid Materials from the First Generation of Amine Dendrimers as Nanobuilding Blocks
Authors: González Blanca , Colilla Montserrat , Vallet‐Regí María
Published: February 2013

In this work, the first generation of poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers were functionalized with alkoxysilane terminal groups and subjected to one of two different sol–gel process that followed two different catalytic pathways, that is base‐ or acid‐catalyzed pathways. Thus, two series of new organic–inorganic hybrid materials were obtained in the form of monolithic pieces with differences in terms of both morphology and silanol content, which originated from the different sol–gel pathway that was followed. Moreover, calcium ions were added into the hybrid composition to promote in vitro bioactivity and phosphorous sources were used during the sol–gel step to obtain an earlier bioactive response. Characterization of these organic–inorganic hybrid materials was performed by means of thermogravimetric and elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid state 13C, 29Si and 31P magic‐angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, N2‐adsorption isotherms, mercury‐intrusion porosimetry, and ζ‐potential measurements. The in vitro bioactivity of the dendritic hybrid networks was evaluated by soaking the materials in simulated body fluid and the results were explained in terms of the composition of the hybrids and the sol–gel route that was followed to prepare them.
Efficient and Rapid Synthesis of Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars from Nucleoside Phosphorimidazolides
Authors: Dabrowski‐Tumanski Pawel , Kowalska Joanna , Jemielity Jacek
Published: February 2013

We describe a simple, efficient, and protecting‐group‐free, magnesium‐chloride‐promoted synthesis of nucleoside diphosphate sugars from the corresponding nucleoside 5′‐phosphorimidazolides and sugar phosphates in DMF. After optimization, nine different nucleoside sugars were synthesized and isolated in 63–92 % yield, demonstrating the applicability of this method with different nucleosides (A, G, U) and sugar moieties (1‐Glc, 6‐Glc, 1‐Gal, 5‐Rib, 1‐Fuc). The procedure worked well even when a small excess of phosphosugars over nucleotides was used, and at low reagent concentrations, which makes it useful for small‐scale (micromolar) NDP‐sugar preparations.
Hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin p‐adaptivity for wave propagation problems
Authors: Giorgiani Giorgio , Fernández‐Méndez Sonia , Huerta Antonio
Published: February 2013

A p‐adaptive hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of wave problems is presented in a challenging engineering problem. Moreover, its performance is compared with a high‐order continuous Galerkin. The hybridization technique allows to reduce the coupled degrees of freedom to only those on the mesh element boundaries, whereas the particular choice of the numerical fluxes opens the path to a superconvergent postprocessed solution. This superconvergent postprocessed solution is used to construct a simple and inexpensive error estimator. The error estimator is employed to obtain solutions with the prescribed accuracy in the area (or areas) of interest and also drives a proposed iterative mesh adaptation procedure. The proposed method is applied to a nonhomogeneous scattering problem in an unbounded domain. This is a challenging problem because, on the one hand, for high frequencies, numerical difficulties are an important issue because of the loss of the ellipticity and the oscillatory behavior of the solution. And on the other hand, it is applied to real harbor agitation problems. That is, the mild slope equation in frequency domain (Helmholtz equation with nonconstant coefficients) is solved on real geometries with the corresponding perfectly matched layer to damp the diffracted waves. The performance of the method is studied on two practical examples. The adaptive hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method exhibits better efficiency compared with a high‐order continuous Galerkin method using static condensation of the interior nodes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperate reservoirs are large carbon sinks and small CO2 sources: Results from high‐resolution carbon budgets
Authors: Knoll Lesley B. , Vanni Michael J. , Renwick William H. , Dittman Elizabeth K. , Gephart Jessica A.
Published: February 2013

Sediment organic carbon (C) burial and CO2 fluxes in inland waters are quantitatively important in regional and global carbon budgets. Estimates of C fluxes from inland waters are typically based on limited temporal resolution despite potential large variations with season and weather events. Further, most freshwater C budget studies have focused on natural soft‐water lakes, while reservoirs and hard‐water systems are globally numerous. Our study quantifies C fluxes in two hard‐water, human constructed reservoirs (Ohio, USA) of contrasting watershed land use (agriculture vs. forest) using high‐resolution mass balance budgets. We show that during a dry summer, C retention and export via the dam were reduced compared to a wet summer. Both reservoirs were net CO2 sources during a wet summer, but CO2 sinks during a dry summer. Despite weather‐related summer differences, annual C fluxes within each reservoir were similar between years. Both reservoirs appear to be net autotrophic despite often being CO2 sources based on budgets. This is likely because CO2 fluxes in our hard‐water reservoirs were more strongly associated with DIC than DOC. Using our C fluxes and statewide watershed land use, we determined the regional importance of Ohio reservoirs in OC burial and CO2 emissions. We estimate that Ohio reservoirs bury up to 4 times more OC, but emit <25% of CO2, than predicted based on their area and recent global mean estimates in lentic ecosystems. Our results provide evidence that moderately old (~50 years), temperate hard‐water reservoirs are important OC sinks but contribute little to CO2 emissions.
An algorithm for utilizing peripheral blood CD34 count as a predictor of the need for plerixafor in autologous stem cell mobilization—cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Abusin Ghada A. , Abu‐Arja Rolla F. , Gingrich Roger D. , Silverman Margarida D. , Zamba Gideon K. D. , Schlueter Annette J.
Published: February 2013

Certain patients who receive granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) for autologous hematopoietic stem cell (AHSC) collection fail to mobilize well enough to proceed with transplant. When plerixafor is used with GCSF, the likelihood of achieving the CD34+ stem cell target in fewer collections is higher; plerixafor use in all patients is unlikely to be cost‐effective. This study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of utilizing a peripheral blood CD34+ stem cell count (PBCD34) ≤8/µL on day 4 of GCSF‐based AHSC mobilization as a threshold for plerixafor administration, and compared the efficacy of collection and cost analysis using historical controls. All patients in the study cohort reached their CD34+ targets in ≤3 collections. Significantly more patients who received plerixafor + GCSF versus GCSF alone reached their CD34+ target in one collection (P = 0.045); however, there were no significant differences in the number of collections or in cumulative product yields. The historical cohort had 10.3% mobilization failures; the number of collections per patient needed to reach the target was significantly higher in the historical cohort versus study cohort (P = 0.001) as was the number of patients requiring more than one collection to reach their target (P = 0.023). However, the average cost per patient was also significantly higher in the study cohort (P = 0.025). Further refinement of the algorithm may reduce the difference in cost between the two mobilization strategies. J. Clin. Apheresis 28:293–300, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Thebaine Derivatives as Potential Opioid Agonists and Antagonists: 2‐[N‐(1H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐6,14‐endo‐etheno‐6,7,8,14‐tetrahydrothebaine‐7α‐yl]‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles
Authors: Yildirir Yilmaz , Pamir Özgür , Yavuz Serkan , Dişli Ali
Published: February 2013

In this study, we report the synthesis a series of novel 2‐[N‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐6,14‐endo‐etheno‐6,7,8,14‐tetrahydrothebaine‐7α‐yl]‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (7a–e) which have potential opioid antagonist and agonist. The substitution reaction of 6,14‐endo‐ethenotetrahydrothebaine‐7α‐carbohydrazide with corresponding benzoyl chlorides gave diacylhydrazine compounds 4a–e in good yields. The treatment of compounds 4a–e with POCl3 caused the conversion of side‐chain of compounds 5a–e into 1,3,4‐oxadiazole ring at C(7) position; thus, compounds 5a–e were obtained. Subsequently, cyanamides (6a–e) were prepared from compounds 5a–e and then compounds 7a–e were synthesized by the azidation of 6a–e with NaN3. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, 13C APT, 2D‐NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC) and high‐resolution mass spectral data.
NMR‐based conformational analysis of perezone and analogues
Authors: Zepeda L. Gerardo , Burgueño‐Tapia Eleuterio , Pérez‐Hernández Nury , Cuevas Gabriel , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro
Published: February 2013

Complete assignment of the 1H NMR chemical shift and coupling constant values of perezone (1), O‐methylperezone (2) and 6‐hydroxyperezone (3) was carried out by total‐line‐shape‐fitting calculations using the PERCH iterative spectra analysis software (PERCH Solutions Ltd., Kuopio, Finland). The resulting simulated spectra for the three compounds showed strong similarity to their corresponding experimental spectra. Particularly, all vicinal, allylic and homoallylic coupling constant values for the side chain of the three compounds were very similar, thus revealing that the conformation of these three molecules in solution is indeed almost identical. This fact is in agreement with extended side chain conformations over folded chain conformations because 1, 2 and 3 undergo completely different intramolecular cycloaddition reactions. In addition, results of double pulsed field gradient spin echo NOESY 1D experiments performed on perezone (1) were unable to provide evidence for folded conformers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of surfactant type and purity upon emulsion copolymerisation of styrene and acrylic acid
Authors: Blackley David C. , Sebastian S. Andries R. D.
Published: February 2013

Results are reported for (a) the reproducibility of styrene–acrylic acid emulsion copolymerisations using (i) sodium lauryl sulphate and (ii) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate as stabiliser, and (b) the effect of small amounts of isopropanol upon the emulsion copolymerisation of styrene and acrylic acid using sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate as stabiliser. Lack of reproducibility of the conversion–time results when sodium lauryl sulphate was used as stabiliser is attributed to partial hydrolysis of the stabiliser brought about by the low pH of the reaction system.
Enzymatic conversion of irradiated cellulosic materials
Authors: Kovalev G. V. , Sinitsyn A. P. , Volf E. G. , Kalyazin E. P. , Bugaenko L. T. , Klyosov A. A.
Published: February 2013

Initial rate and degree of conversion in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials (CM—cotton linter and bagasse) have complicated dependencies on dosage of γ‐irradiation. The decrease in reactivity at low doses is explained by a decrease in the CM surface caused by radiation‐induced crosslinkages. Doses higher than 0·5 MGy increased reactivity; at 2 MGy the degree of conversion (48 h hydrolysis) was about 5 times higher than in controls. Increased reactivity was caused by depolymerization, increased solubility and decrease of crystallinity index of CM.
The importance of the first relationship: The ongoing influence of initial network on future status
Authors: Milanov Hana , Shepherd Dean A.
Published: February 2013

The current view of network emergence is predominantly influenced by path‐dependent mechanisms where immediately preceding network structures inform current network positions. However, less explored is the ongoing sensitivity of future network positions to the composition and structure of newcomers' first partnerships. Building on the social categorization literature, we develop a model of the ongoing direct and moderating effects of newcomers' first network partnership on their status. We test our model using a panel of 272 U.S. venture capital firms from the 1980 to 2004 period and show that the reputation of newcomers' first partners exerts a positive influence on their future status (over and above intermediate network conditions). We find that this positive influence is stronger for those newcomers whose first partners formed a cohesive network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading and Writing Together: A Critical Component of English for Academic Purposes Teaching and Learning
Authors: Grabe William , Zhang Cui
Published: February 2013

“As Kroll (1993), among others, has pointed out, reading has traditionally been seen as a skill to be taught separately from writing, as well as something students are somehow expected to already know about when they reach the writing course. Teaching reading in a writing course may seem like an odd idea, if not an entirely unnecessary one. It may also be the case that second language writing teachers feel ill prepared to teach reading, especially in connection with writing. How many [teachers] have actually been taught to teach the two skills together?” (Hirvela, 2004, pp. 2–3)
Retinal characteristics of the congenital disorder of glycosylation PMM2‐CDG
Authors: Thompson Dorothy A. , Lyons Ruth J. , Russell‐Eggitt Isabelle , Liasis Alki , Jägle Herbert , Grünewald Stephanie
Published: February 2013

The congenital disorder of glycosylation, PMM2‐CDG, is associated with progressive photoreceptor degeneration, which causes a pigmentary retinopathy. We identified a sibling pair, mildly affected with PMM2‐CDG, who showed preserved photoreceptor function, but profound deficits of the ‘on‐pathway’ in the retina. This localises the site of early, or initial, retinal dysfunction in PMM2‐CDG to the synapse in the outer plexiform layer between bipolar cells, photoreceptors and horizontal cells. We sought wider evidence to support this novel finding by reviewing retrospectively the case notes of eight patients, diagnosed with PMM2‐CDG between the ages of 7 months to 16 years. We compared the clinical presentation and electroretinograms, (ERGs), of these patients with the sibling pair. We found that five of eight patients showed characteristic ERG features of on‐pathway dysfunction in the form of reduced ERG b‐wave amplitude. The remaining three patients had significant photoreceptor dysfunction by the time of ERG recording, and both a‐ and b‐wave amplitudes were markedly attenuated. We conclude that ERG signs of on‐pathway dysfunction can be detected in the early stages of PMM2‐CDG. Referral for electroretinography evidence of this specific on‐pathway deficit, with preservation of oscillatory potentials, can help establish the diagnosis of infants with developmental delay or failure to thrive in whom a glycosylation defect is suspected. Also by increasing our understanding of the interaction of N‐glycoproteins at this synapse we may be able to design future therapeutic intervention to prevent or ameliorate the progressive visual loss associated with PMM2‐CDG.
Troubled Consciences: New Understandings and Performances of Penance Among Catholics in Protestant England
Authors: McClain Lisa
Published: February 2013

Prior to Protestant reforms of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Catholic clerics frequently preached about the necessity of confessing one's sins to a priest through the sacrament of penance. After the passage of laws in the 1570s making it a criminal offense to be a Catholic priest in England, Catholics residing in Protestant England possessed limited opportunities to make confession to a priest. Many laypersons feared for their souls. This article examines literature written by English Catholic clerics to comfort such laypersons. These authors re-interpreted traditional Catholic understandings of how sacramental penance delivers grace to allow English Catholics to confess when priests were not present. These authors—clerics themselves—used the printed word to stand in for the usual parish priest to whom a Catholic would confess. They legitimized their efforts by appealing to the church'smodus operandiof allowing alternative means to receive grace in cases of extreme emergency. Although suggestions to confess without a priest's mediation sound similar to Protestant views on penitence, these authors' prescriptions differ from Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, and post-Tridentine Catholic positions on penance in the Reformation era. Diverse understandings of penitence lay at the heart of confessional divisions, and this article sheds new light on heretofore unexamined English Catholic contributions to these debates, broadening scholars' conceptions of what it meant to be Catholic in Reformation England and Europe.
BIOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF INTER-GENERATIONAL SOCIAL MOBILITY IN A BRITISH COHORT
Authors: KRZYŻANOWSKA MONIKA , MASCIE-TAYLOR C. G. NICHOLAS
Published: February 2013

The relationship between inter-generational social mobility of sons and daughters between 1958 and 1991 and biosocial variables, i.e. birth order, number of children in family, father's social class, region, educational attainment of child and father, educational and cognitive test scores (reading, mathematics, verbal and non-verbal IQ tests), was studied in a large British cohort study. The data used were collected as part of the British National Child Development Study (NCDS). The extent of social class mobility was determined inter-generationally and was categorized as none (no change in social class between the father's and index child's social class), upwardly mobile (where the index child moved up one or more social classes compared with their father) or downwardly mobile (where the index child moved down one or more social classes compared with their father). All of the biosocial variables were associated with social mobility when analysed separately. Multivariate analyses revealed that the most significant predictor of mobility categories in both sexes was education of the cohort member, followed by social class of the father. In both sexes mathematics score was a significant predicator, while in sons reading and non-verbal IQ scores were also important predictors. In the light of these results, it appears that social mobility in Britain takes place largely on meritocratic principles.
HOW DOES THE SPREAD OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLING INFLUENCE THE FERTILITY TRANSITION? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL NEPAL
Authors: SILVA SIMONE , HOTCHKISS DAVID R.
Published: February 2013

From 1996 to 2006, Nepal experienced a substantial fertility decline, with the total fertility rate dropping from 4.6 to 3.1 births per woman. This study examines the associations between progress towards universal primary and secondary schooling and fertility decline in rural Nepal. Several hypotheses regarding mechanisms through which education affects current fertility behaviour are tested, including: the school environment during women's childhood; current availability of schools; knowledge of educational costs; and women's own educational attainment. Data for the analysis come from the 2003–04 Nepal Living Standards Survey, a nationally representative random sample of households, which includes detailed data on fertility, household expenditure, educational attainment, demographic characteristics and the use of social services. Census and administrative data are also used to construct district-level gross enrolment ratios for primary and secondary schools during the women's childhood. Discrete dependent variable modelling techniques are used to estimate the effects of the following variables on the probability of women giving birth in a given year: district-level gross enrolment ratios for primary and secondary schools during women's childhood; having had a child previously in school; women's own educational level; current school availability; and other covariates. Separate models are estimated for the overall sample of rural women of reproductive age, and for parity-specific sub-samples. The results suggest that district-level gross enrolment ratios for secondary schools and, in some instances, having had a previous child enrolled in school are significant determinants of fertility in rural areas. These results are highly independent of women's own educational levels. Overall, the results suggest that, in the rural Nepal context, mass schooling influences the fertility transition through both community- and household-level pathways.
Cognitive trio: relationship with major depression and clinical predictors in Han Chinese women
Authors: Wang L. , Liu L. , Shi S. , Gao J. , Liu Y. , Li Y. , Zhang Z. , Wang G. , Zhang K. , Tao M. , Gao C. , Li K. , Wang X. , Lv L. , Jiang G. , Wang X. , Jia H. , Zhang J. , Lu C. , Li Y. , Li K. , Hu C. , Ning Y. , Li Y. , Sun J. , Liu T. , Zhang Y. , Ha B. , Tian H. , Meng H. , Hu J. , Chen Y. , Deng H. , Huang G. , Wu W. , Li G. , Fang X. , Pan J. , Hong X. , Gao S. , Li X. , Yang D. , Chen G. , Liu T. , Cai M. , Dong J. , Mei Q. , Shen Z. , Pan R. , Liu Z. , Wang X. , Tan Y. , Flint J. , Kendler K. S.
Published: February 2013

Background

Previous studies support Beck's cognitive model of vulnerability to depression. However, the relationship between his cognitive triad and other clinical features and risk factors among those with major depression (MD) has rarely been systematically studied.

Method

The three key cognitive symptoms of worthlessness, hopelessness and helplessness were assessed during their lifetime worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent MD. Diagnostic and other risk factor information was assessed at personal interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression.

Results

Compared to patients who did not endorse the cognitive trio, those who did had a greater number of DSM-IV A criteria, more individual depressive symptoms, an earlier age at onset, a greater number of episodes, and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for melancholia, postnatal depression, dysthymia and anxiety disorders. Hopelessness was highly related to all the suicidal symptomatology, with ORs ranging from 5.92 to 6.51. Neuroticism, stressful life events (SLEs) and a protective parental rearing style were associated with these cognitive symptoms.

Conclusions

During the worst episode of MD in Han Chinese women, the endorsement of the cognitive trio was associated with a worse course of depression and an increased risk of suicide. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism, many SLEs and high parental protectiveness were at increased risk for these cognitive depressive symptoms. As in Western populations, symptoms of the cognitive trio appear to play a central role in the psychopathology of MD in Chinese women.
Preimpact configuration analysis of a dual-arm space manipulator with a prismatic joint for capturing an object
Authors: Cong Pei-Chao , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2013

This paper presents the preimpact configuration of a dual-arm space manipulator with a prismatic joint for capturing an object based on the momentum conservation principle. A unique precapture configuration “generalized straight-arm capture” (GSAC) is proposed based on the dual-arm space manipulator with a prismatic joint and the corresponding angular relation is obtained. The configuration satisfies GSAC and can reduce the effect of system's angular momentum caused by the impact force during the capture operation and the burden of postimpact control, so it avoids the limitation of joint velocity and actuator torque when controlling the compound (a manipulator with a prismatic joint and an object) and guarantees the stability of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Harmonic cues for speech segmentation: a cross-linguistic corpus study on child-directed speech
Authors: KETREZ F. NIHAN
Published: February 2013

Previous studies on the role of vowel harmony in word segmentation are based on artificial languages where harmonic cues reliably signal word boundaries. In this corpus study run on the data available at CHILDES, we investigated whether natural languages provide a learner with reliable segmentation cues similar to the ones created artificially. We observed that in harmonic languages (child-directed speech to thirty-five Turkish and three Hungarian children), but not in non-harmonic ones (child-directed speech to one Farsi and four Polish children), harmonic vowel sequences are more likely to appear within words, and non-harmonic ones mostly appear across word boundaries, suggesting that natural harmonic languages provide a learner with regular cues that could potentially be used for word segmentation along with other cues.
Fatherhood, furniture and the inter-personal dynamics of working-class homes,c. 1870–1914
Authors: STRANGE JULIE-MARIE
Published: February 2013

Drawing on life stories, this article considers the relationship between urban working-class men and domesticity. Focusing on the spaces, objects and rites of men's homecoming, it questions perceptions of working-class men as peripheral to the inter-personal dynamics of family life and assesses how men's occupation of domestic space and time could be invested with emotive meaning by adult children. The article suggests that fathers were not simply figures of authority or masculine privilege but, rather, that the domestic interior was a space where men and their children navigated family roles and filial obligations to enjoy nurturing and intimate relationships more commonly associated with mothers. In doing so, the article stakes a claim to reconsider the idea that working-class homes were ‘a woman's place’ and view them more dynamically as inter-personal domains.
The ‘Polish Mecca’, the ‘Little Vienna on the Vistula’ or ‘Big-City Cracow’? Imagining Cracow before the Great War
Authors: WOOD NATHANIEL D.
Published: February 2013

This article explores the tendency of citizens to liken their city to other cities in an effort to promote particular visions of their hometown. It examines three mythic visions offin-de-siècleCracow – the Polish Mecca, the Little Vienna on the Vistula and modern Big-City Cracow – as reflected in contemporary accounts and historical scholarship, demonstrating how they functioned to promote national, imperial and interurban identification. Most critical of the national vision, the article advocates a broader perspective.
Impaired Response Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders, a Marker of Vulnerability to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders?
Authors: Barneveld Petra S. , de Sonneville Leo , van Rijn Sophie , van Engeland Herman , Swaab Hanna
Published: February 2013

In this study, we addressed the relation between specific deficits in cognitive control and schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosed in childhood. We aimed to identify cognitive control deficits as markers of vulnerability to the development of schizophrenia spectrum pathology in ASD. Symptoms of autism and the risk for schizotypal symptomatology were assessed in 29 high-functioning adolescents with ASD, and compared with 40 typically developing adolescents. Cognitive control (response inhibition, mental flexibility, visuo-motor control, interference control, and perseveration) was evaluated for specific association with schizotypal symptomatology. Impaired response inhibition appeared to be strongly and specifically associated with schizotypal symptomatology in adolescents with ASD, especially those with positive and disorganized symptoms. Response inhibition problems could indicate vulnerability to the development of schizotypal symptomatology in ASD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
Scrutinizing the role of length of residence and age of acquisition in the interlanguage pronunciation development of English /ɹ/ by late Japanese bilinguals
Authors: SAITO KAZUYA , BRAJOT FRANÇOIS-XAVIER
Published: February 2013

The current project examined whether and to what degree continued L2 input, operationalized as length of residence (LOR), and age of acquisition (AOA), defined as the first intensive exposure to the target language, can be predictive of adult Japanese learners’ production of word-initial English /ɹ/. Data were collected from 65 participants, consisting of three groups of Japanese learners of English (n = 13 for Short-, Mid-, and Long-LOR groups, respectively) and two groups of baseline speakers (n = 13 for Japanese- and English-Baseline groups, respectively). Their production of /ɹ/ was elicited via three oral tasks (i.e., word reading, sentence reading, timed picture description). Acoustic analyses were carried out along four dimensions: third formant (F3), second formant (F2), first formant (F1) frequencies, and formant transition duration. The results demonstrated that (a) all learners reached native-like proficiency with respect to the use of existing cues (F2, transition duration) within approximately one year of LOR, (b) their performance was negatively related to AOA to some degree, and (c) longer LOR was predictive of the development of the new cue (F3). These results suggest that late L2 speech sound acquisition and proficiency may be characterized by different levels of phonetic processing.
Chandra Multi-wavelength Plane Survey
Authors: Zhao Ping , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Hong Jaesub , Servillat Mathieu , van den Berg Maureen
Published: February 2013

Chandra Multi-wavelength Plane Survey (ChaMPlane) surveys the X-ray point sources discovered by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in the galactic plane in order to constrain the populations of faint (Lx ≤ 1033erg/s) accretion-powered sources in the Galaxy. This multi-wavelength survey includes data from the Chandra archive, as well as optical and infrared images and spectra. This paper summarizes a few selected highlights.
Spectral Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Ai Y. L. , Yuan W. , Zhou H. Y.
Published: February 2013

With SDSS multi-bands photometric data we propose that the variation of the nuclear continuum emission mostly accounts for the observed wavelength-dependent variability of active galactic nuclei.
γ-Ray Doppler Factors for Fermi Blazars
Authors: Fan J. H. , Yang J. H. , Zhang Q. F. , Li Y. , Liu Y.
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we compiled the X-ray observations for 138 Fermi blazars and calculated their Doppler factors, δγ. The calculated Doppler factors, δγ, are found strongly correlated with the γ-ray luminosity.
Accretion of stellar winds in high-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Hadrava Petr , Čechura Jan
Published: February 2013

Our analysis of optical spectroscopy of high-mass X-ray binaries like Cyg X-1 confirms that most of the Balmer-lines emission anticorrelated with the X-ray flux originates from the circumstellar matter between the donor star and the accreting compact component. In order to study its structure and variability and the consequent accretion rate we have developed a 3-D numerical model based on radiation hydrodynamics of the supergiant stellar wind. The results show a non-stationary BHL-accretion on the compact component.
Mass Accretion in Intermediate Polar V1223 Sgr
Authors: Hric Ladislav , Kundra Emil , Gális Rudolf
Published: February 2013

Intermediate polars (IPs) represent more than 70% of all cataclysmic variables (CVs) detected by INTEGRAL in hard X-ray. Nevertheless, only a quarter of all known IPs have been detected in this spectral band. This fact can be related to the activity state of these object ruled by changes in the mass accretion rate.
Disturbed radio and optical morphology in the interacting galaxy pairs
Authors: Kunert-Bajraszewska M. , Janiuk A. , Hajduk M.
Published: February 2013

We present high resolution radio observations and their analysis of a radio-loud compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources FIRST J164311.3+315618 and FIRST J150805.6+342323. The radio observations presented here were made with the multi-element radio linked interferometer network (MERLIN) at 1.66 GHz and 5 GHz. The radio source FIRST J164311.3+315618 is associated with a small separation, 2.3 arcsec, radio-loud/radio-quiet binary quasar. The radio object FIRST J150805.6+342323 is associated with the north-eastern member of an interacting galaxy pair separated by 24 arcseconds. Our observations revealed disrupted radio morphology of both CSS sources. The distortions of the host galaxy of the two systems are also clearly visible in the optical images and, in the case of binary quasar FIRST J164311.3+315618, are well correlated with the radio ones. We suggest that the ignition of the AGN activity and its complex morphology is caused by the interaction with the companion in the process of merging.
Explorations into 3D Doppler Tomography of Interacting Binaries
Authors: Richards Mercedes T. , Cocking Alexander S.
Published: February 2013

Over the past twenty-five years, the technique of Doppler tomography has produced many 2D images of the accretion structures and other gas flows in a range of systems containing compact and non-compact stars, including cataclysmic variables, polars, Algols, x-ray, and gamma-ray binaries. Recent 3D images derived from the Radio astronomical Approach (RA) have revealed prominent gas motions beyond the central plane, and display the usual characteristics found in 2D images, as well as new evidence of tilted or precessing accretion disks around the mass gainer, and magnetic loop prominences and coronal mass ejections associated with the donor star. In this work, we have compared new 3D images derived from the back projection tomography technique with those derived from the RA method. In general, back projection produces sharper and more distinctive images than the RA method, thereby permitting a more detailed study of the physical properties of the accretion sources.
Restrictions to Neutron Star Properties Based on Twin-Peak Quasi-Periodic Oscillations
Authors: Török Gabriel , Bakala Pavel , Šrámková Eva , Stuchlík Zdeněk , Urbanec Martin , Goluchová Kateřina
Published: February 2013

We consider twin-peak quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in the accreting low-mass neutron star (NS) binaries and explore restrictions to NS properties that are implied by various QPO models. For each model and each source, the consideration results in a specific relation between the NS mass M and the angular-momentum j rather than in their single preferred combination. Furthermore, the inferred restrictions on NS properties (or QPO models) are weaker for the low-frequency sources than for the high-frequency sources.
Discovery of an unusual radio galaxy with a hybrid double-double and X-shaped morphology
Authors: Wang C. C. , Zhou H. Yan. , Ji T. , Liu W. J. , Jiang N.
Published: February 2013

We report the discovery of the first ‘X’-shaped double-double radio galaxy (DDRG), MRC0929+164 (J0932+1611), from FIRST radio survey. The intersection angle of the lines of two pairs of radio lobes is around 20.6° for this object, much larger than other DDRGs. This unusual morphology may be a hint that the growth of its central super-massive black hole suffered a violent galaxy merger once.
Traumatische Kindheitserlebnisse bei Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa im Vergleich zu einer psychiatrischen und einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe
Authors: Jaite Charlotte , Pfeiffer Ernst , Lehmkuhl Ulrike , Salbach-Andrae Harriet
Published: February 2013

Fragestellung: Sexueller Missbrauch und körperliche Misshandlung in der Kindheit stellen signifikante, aber unspezifische Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer Anorexia nervosa (AN) dar. Unklar ist bisher jedoch, ob auch emotionalem Missbrauch in der Ätiologie von AN eine ähnliche Bedeutung zukommt. Methodik: 77 stationär behandelte Patientinnen mit AN (AN restriktiver Subtyp, AN-R, n = 50; AN binge-purge-Subtyp, AN-BP, n = 27) und 26 psychiatrische Kontrollprobandinnen (PKG) im Alter von 13 bis 18 Jahren bearbeiteten nach ausführlichem klinischen Interview (SIAB-EX; Fichter & Quadflieg, 1999 ; CIDI-DIA-X; Wittchen & Pfister, 1997 ) den Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen «Childhood Trauma Questionnaire» (CTQ; dt. Übersetzung, Krischer & Sevecke, 2011 ). Der CTQ wurde außerdem 44 psychiatrisch unauffälligen Kontrollprobandinnen (KG) vorgelegt. Das CIDI-DIA-X diente zum Ausschluss psychiatrischer Störungen in der KG. Ergebnisse: Die AN-BP-Patientinnen zeigen auf den CTQ-Subskalen «Sexueller Missbrauch», «Körperliche Misshandlung», «Körperliche Vernachlässigung» und «Emotionale Vernachlässigung» signifikant höhere Mittelwerte im Vergleich zu AN-R-Patientinnen und der KG. AN-R-Patientinnen unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant von der KG. Auf der CTQ-Skala «Emotionaler Missbrauch» weisen AN-BP-Patientinnen signifikant höhere Mittelwerte als AN-R-Patientinnen, PKG-Patientinnen und die KG auf. Schlussfolgerung: In zukünftigen Studien sollte anhand eines prospektiven longitudinalen Studiendesigns und an größeren Stichproben überprüft werden, ob emotionaler Missbrauch möglicherweise als ein spezifischer Risikofaktor für die Manifestation einer AN-BP zu definieren ist.
Life in the dark: metagenomic evidence that a microbial slime community is driven by inorganic nitrogen metabolism
Authors: Tetu Sasha G , Breakwell Katy , Elbourne Liam D H , Holmes Andrew J , Gillings Michael R , Paulsen Ian T
Published: February 2013

Beneath Australia’s large, dry Nullarbor Plain lies an extensive underwater cave system, where dense microbial communities known as ‘slime curtains’ are found. These communities exist in isolation from photosynthetically derived carbon and are presumed to be chemoautotrophic. Earlier work found high levels of nitrite and nitrate in the cave waters and a high relative abundance of Nitrospirae in bacterial 16S rRNA clone libraries. This suggested that these communities may be supported by nitrite oxidation, however, details of the inorganic nitrogen cycling in these communities remained unclear. Here we report analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequence data from the Weebubbie cave slime curtain community. The microbial community is comprised of a diverse assortment of bacterial and archaeal genera, including an abundant population of Thaumarchaeota. Sufficient thaumarchaeotal sequence was recovered to enable a partial genome sequence to be assembled, which showed considerable synteny with the corresponding regions in the genome of the autotrophic ammonia oxidiser Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1. This partial genome sequence, contained regions with high sequence identity to the ammonia mono-oxygenase operon and carbon fixing 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle genes of N. maritimus SCM1. Additionally, the community, as a whole, included genes encoding key enzymes for inorganic nitrogen transformations, including nitrification and denitrification. We propose that the Weebubbie slime curtain community represents a distinctive microbial ecosystem, in which primary productivity is due to the combined activity of archaeal ammonia-oxidisers and bacterial nitrite oxidisers.
Exploring the bovine rumen bacterial community from birth to adulthood
Authors: Jami Elie , Israel Adi , Kotser Assaf , Mizrahi Itzhak
Published: February 2013

The mammalian gut microbiota is essential in shaping many of its host’s functional attributes. One such microbiota resides in the bovine digestive tract in a compartment termed as the rumen. The rumen microbiota is necessary for the proper physiological development of the rumen and for the animal’s ability to digest and convert plant mass into food products, making it highly significant to humans. The establishment of this microbial population and the changes occurring with the host’s age are important for understanding this key microbial community. Despite its importance, little information about colonization of the microbial populations in newborn animals, and the gradual changes occurring thereafter, exists. Here, we characterized the overall bovine ruminal bacterial populations of five age groups, from 1-day-old calves to 2-year-old cows. We describe the changes occurring in the rumen ecosystem after birth, reflected by a decline in aerobic and facultative anaerobic taxa and an increase in anaerobic ones. Some rumen bacteria that are essential for mature rumen function could be detected as early as 1 day after birth, long before the rumen is active or even before ingestion of plant material occurs. The diversity and within-group similarity increased with age, suggesting a more diverse but homogeneous and specific mature community, compared with the more heterogeneous and less diverse primary community. In addition, a convergence toward a mature bacterial arrangement with age was observed. These findings have also been reported for human gut microbiota, suggesting that similar forces drive the establishment of gut microbiotas in these two distinct mammalian digestive systems.
THE PRICE OF ART
Authors: Beckert Jens , Rössel Jörg
Published: February 2013

How do prices for contemporary art come into being? Buyers of contemporary art face a problem of fundamental uncertainty, because what passes as quality is difficult to determine, and buyers can hardly estimate how a specific piece of art will perform as an investment. Since a market for contemporary art presupposes the possibility of at least limited rational purchasing decisions, uncertainty must be reduced. We argue that the value of an art work or artist originates in an intersubjective process of assessment and conferring of reputation by experts in the art field, such as gallery owners, curators, critics, art dealers, journalists, and collectors, who help establish the artistic reputation of a work or an artist. The quality signals emerging from the art field enable buyers to assess the economic value of art works. We tested this initial hypothesis against two datasets containing data on art prices and information from the biographies of artists.