bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of Novel Pyrazole-Thiazolines Scaffolds against Trypanosoma cruzi: Computational Approaches and 3D Spheroid Model on Drug Discovery for Chagas Disease
Authors: Lara Leonardo da Silva , Lechuga Guilherme Curty , Orlando Lorraine Martins Rocha , Ferreira Byanca Silva , Souto Bernardo Araújo , dos Santos Maurício Silva , Pereira Mirian Claudia de Souza
Published: May 2022

Chagas disease, a century-old disease that mainly affects the impoverished population in Latin America, causes high morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. The available drugs, benznidazole (Bz) and nifurtimox, have limited effectiveness and intense side effects. Drug repurposing, and the development of new chemical entities with potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, are a potential source of therapeutic options. The present study describes the biological activity of two new series of pyrazole-thiazoline derivatives, based on optimization of a hit system 5-aminopyrazole-imidazoline previously identified, using structure–activity relationship exploration, and computational and phenotype-based strategies. Promising candidates, 2c, 2e, and 2i derivatives, showed good oral bioavailability and ADMET properties, and low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 µM) besides potent activity against trypomastigotes (0.4–2.1 µM) compared to Bz (19.6 ± 2.3 µM). Among them, 2c also stands out, with greater potency against intracellular amastigotes (pIC50 = 5.85). The selected pyrazole-thiazoline derivatives showed good permeability and effectiveness in the 3D spheroids system, but did not sustain parasite clearance in a washout assay. The compounds’ mechanism of action is still unknown, since the treatment neither increased reactive oxygen species, nor reduced cysteine protease activity. This new scaffold will be targeted to optimize in order to enhance its biological activity to identify new drug candidates for Chagas disease therapy.
Modeling and Optimization of Properties of the Environmentally Clean Molds Based on Oligofurfuryloxysiloxanes for the Production the Metal Castings
Authors: Ponomarenko Olga , Yevtushenko Nataliia , Berladir Kristina , Zapolovskyi Mykola , Krmela Jan , Krmelová Vladimíra , Artyukhov Artem
Published: May 2022

This article is devoted to modeling, researching and optimizing the main properties of an environmentally clean polymer composition based on oligofurfuryloxysiloxanes (OFOS), which can be used to produce casting molds and cores in the production of castings from ferrous and nonferrous metals. Polymer compositions were examined for strength, survivability, gas permeability, moisture, crumbliness, fire resistance, knockout, and stickability. It has been established that the increase in the strength of the polymer composition over time obeys an exponential law. Mathematical equations were derived for all the exponential curves. The indications of compressive strength of the polymer composition with OFOS with all the acid catalysts used were, on average, as follows: after 1 h—1.3–1.54 MPa; after 3 h—2.5–2.9 MPa; after 24 h—4.9–6.1 MPa, which meets the requirements for casting molds before pouring with metal. The use of polymer compositions with OFOS ensures environmental safety of the technological process, due to the lack of emission of toxic substances, both in the “cold” stage of the process and during casting with molten metal, cooling, knocking out, and disposal of polymer compositions. This makes it possible to save energy resources, and thereby reduce the total cost of the entire technological process and castings.
Polymeric Electrochemical Sensor for Calcium Based on DNA
Authors: Zareh Mohsen M. , Mohamed Soha F. , Elsheikh Anas M.
Published: May 2022

Plastic membranes containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as an electroactive material were acting as Ca2+ selective sensors. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), dioctyl Phthalate (DOP), or nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) were used as plasticizers and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was the membrane matrix. A sensor with a membrane composition of 120 mg PVC, 60 mg DOP plasticizer, and 2 mg DNA ionophore (DNA: DOP: PVC, 1.0:29.2:0.1 mole) was found to have the best performance. The slope of the calibration graph was 30 mV decade−1. The optimum pH range was 5.7–9.5 for 0.01 M Ca2+. The sensor response time was fast (2–3 s) with a long working period (up to 3 weeks). Excellent selectivity for Ca2+ was indicated by the values of selectivity coefficients for different selected interference. The sensor was used effectively for the estimation of calcium in real samples (fruits, calcium syrup, milk, and dairy products).
Wang Bi’s “Confucian” Laozi: Commensurable Ethical Understandings in “Daoist” and “Confucian” Thinking
Authors: D’Ambrosio Paul
Published: May 2022

Wang Bi’s work is often used as evidence for “Confucian” interpretations and translations of the Laozi. Those who argue that the explicit rejections of Confucian values in chapters 5, 18, 19, and 38 should actually be read as admonishing hollow imitation and the mere appearance of Confucian morality often cite Wang Bi. Additionally, this great philosopher is normally taken as a mere commentator who simply sought to synthesize Confucian and Daoist ideas. In this paper, I will argue that Wang’s project is, in fact, far more complex and nuanced. He develops his own philosophical system, which appreciates some underlying commensurability between the Laozi and Analects. Describing him as promoting a “Confucian” Laozi is inaccurate as he ultimately leans more heavily on “Daoist” concepts, such as “self-so” and “non-action.” In short, Wang Bi develops a unique philosophical system grounded heavily in various classics, and while his commentary on the Laozi is taken as “Confucian,” it is, in fact, far more complex.
Exploring the Resilience Park Index from the Perspective of Flood and Wind Disasters
Authors: Pan Hao-Zhang , Ou Sheng-Jung , Hsu Che-Yu
Published: May 2022

At present, various climate disasters, global warming and other problems feed off of one another. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, flooding, and drought as well as human-made disasters such as petrochemical plant safety accidents and steam explosion accidents pose a threat to and affect the development of cities. Therefore, scholars, scientists, and urban planners must study and discuss disasters, so as to work toward important concepts such as resilient cities, resilient landscapes, and disaster prevention parks. This study discusses the resilience park from the perspective of the resilient city. Since the harm caused by natural disasters to parks is mainly due to flooding and high winds, this study focuses on the prevention and control of flood and wind damage. This study is an attempt to explore the indicators of resilience of parks in the context of flood and wind damage, calculate the indicator weight of resilience parks, and establish an indicator evaluation system for resilience parks. The research methods of this study are the Fuzzy Delphi method and the network analysis program method. The results show that the indicators of a resilience park under flood disaster are different types of soil drainage capacity grade (0.199), the lawn to permeable ratio (0.248), the permeable pavement grade (0.125), and the degradation basin grade (0.177). The indicators of a resilience park under high winds are the wind resistance grade of tree species (0.064), the multilayer planting configuration grade (0.053), the tree height and wind resistance grade (0.066), and the bearing capacity grade of trunk and root system (0.067). The weight of each index is calculated. Finally, the park toughness index evaluation system is established. Through this study, we hope to put forward reconstruction suggestions for different parks and provide the evaluation criteria of park toughness so as to improve the disaster resistance of parks.
Investigación y transferencia de conocimientos en entornos digitales
Authors: Durán Horacio , Enríquez Larisa , Hernández Myrna , Moreno José Gerardo , Sánchez José Manuel
Published: May 2022

La investigación es una tarea orientada a brindar certezas para comprender mejor un fenómeno cultural, social, económico, científico y/o tecnológico. A raíz del desarrollo y evolución de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), se ha visto que el mundo que nos rodea no solo es físico, sino también digital. Existen herramientas y aplicaciones digitales que facilitan las tareas de investigación; a su vez, se conforman espacios virtuales donde acontecen fenómenos susceptibles de ser estudiados por sí mismos. Dicho de otra manera, la investigación y el conocimiento científico se han transformado. Este trabajo expone algunos de los cambios que se han producido en el terreno de la investigación, la difusión y la transferencia del conocimiento en la era digital. Se presenta en tres secciones. La primera revisa el concepto de conocimiento, su generación y los nuevos paradigmas que existen sobre su creación. La segunda aborda la investigación como una tarea de construcción de conocimiento científico y da cuenta de los métodos concretos que se emplean en los entornos digitales. A partir de lo anterior, la tercera sección se centra en la transferencia del conocimiento, en su relación con la gestión del mismo y en los modelos de transferencia. Por último, se hace un ejercicio de reflexión de conjunto, en los contextos de pandemia y pospandemia.
SECURITY INSPECTION IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS APPLYING WAVELET TRANSFORM FILTERS ON TERAHERTZ ACTIVE IMAGES
Authors: Danso Samuel , Liping Shang , Hu Deng , Odoom Justice , Quancheng Liu , Mushtag Mmer
Published: May 2022

Clarity of Terahertz image is essential at various security checkpoints to avoid life’s dangers and treats. However, Terahertz images are distorted by noise. Noise is frequently present in digital images during the image collection, coding, delivery, and processing phases. It is extremely difficult to remove noise from digital images without prior knowledge of the noise model. Wavelet transforms have gained popularity as a tool for image denoising. In this paper, we advance a solution to this challenge using Global Threshold selection as well as wavelet transform filters. When compared to denoising Gaussian noise at the same percentage induced, biorthogonal is the most effective denoising filter for salt and pepper noise. As the salt and pepper noise increases from 20% to 60%, the hidden security image as our target varnishes or is overpowered by the induced salt and pepper noise. We discover that despite the fact that the bior 4.4 and sym4.0 wavelet transform filters prove powerful in denoising the image, it is still not clearer and that when an image is tainted by Gaussian noise, wavelet shrinkage denoising is nearly perfect in both bior4.4 and sym 4.0, whereas when the image is tainted by salt & pepper noise, wavelet shrinkage denoising is nearly perfect in both bior4.4 and sym 4.0.
Development of a Patient Preference Survey for Wearable Kidney Replacement Therapy Devices
Authors: Flythe Jennifer E. , Forfang Derek , Gedney Nieltje , White David M. , Wilkie Caroline , Cavanaugh Kerri L. , Harris Raymond C. , Unruh Mark , Squillaci Grace , West Melissa , Mansfield Carol , Soloe Cindy S. , Treiman Katherine , Wood Dallas , Hurst Frank P. , Neuland Carolyn Y. , Saha Anindita , Sheldon Murray , Tarver Michelle E.
Published: May 2022

Key Points

We included the risks of serious bleeding and serious infection based on patient concerns and regulator input about future trial end points.

The survey will estimate maximal acceptable risks for serious bleeding and infection and willingness to wait for devices with lower risk.

Background

Recent innovations have the potential to disrupt the current paradigm for kidney failure treatment. The US Food and Drug Administration is committed to incorporating valid scientific evidence about how patients weigh the benefits and risks of new devices into their decision making, but to date, premarket submission of patient preference information (PPI) has been limited for kidney devices. With input from stakeholders, we developed a survey intended to yield valid PPI, capturing how patients trade off the potential benefits and risks of wearable dialysis devices and in-center hemodialysis.

Methods

We conducted concept elicitation interviews with individuals receiving dialysis to inform instrument content. After instrument drafting, we conducted two rounds of pretest interviews to evaluate survey face validity, comprehensibility, and perceived relevance. We pilot tested the survey with in-center hemodialysis patients to assess comprehensibility and usability further. Throughout, we used participant input to guide survey refinements.

Results

Thirty-six individuals receiving in-center or home dialysis participated in concept elicitation (N=20) and pretest (N=16) interviews. Participants identified reduced fatigue, lower treatment burden, and enhanced freedom as important benefits of a wearable device, and many expressed concerns about risks related to device disconnection—specifically bleeding and infection. We drafted a survey that included descriptions of the risks of serious bleeding and serious infection and an assessment of respondent willingness to wait for a safer device. Input from pretest interviewees led to various instrument modifications, including treatment descriptions, item wording, and risk-level explanations. Pilot testing of the updated survey among 24 in-center hemodialysis patients demonstrated acceptable survey comprehensibility and usability, although 50% of patients required some assistance.

Conclusions

The final survey is a 54-item web-based instrument that will yield estimates of the maximal acceptable risk for the described wearable device and willingness to wait for wearable devices with lower risk.
СТРУКТУРА ІХТІОФАУНИ ТА ОРНІТОФАУНИ ОЗЕРА АЛМАЗНЕ (КИЇВ)
Authors: Причепа М. В. , Коваленко Ю. О.
Published: May 2022

У статті висвітлені результати досліджень окремих компонентів гідро біоценозу найбільшого у Києві міського озера Алмазне за угрупованнями риб та водоплавних птахів наявність та чисельність яких може характеризувати загальний стан навколишнього середовища. Дослідження проводились протягом 2017-2021 рр. на різних ділянках водойми впродовж трьох сезонів (весна-осінь). Встановлено, що структура іхтіофауни представлена 21-м видом риб, частка аборигенних видів становили 71,42%. За екологічними групами домінували фітофіли (57,14) та псамолітофіли (19,04). За типом живлення переважали бентофаги (38,09%) та хижаки (18,57%). Слід зауважити, що серед інвазивних видів було виявлено сонячного окуня та ротана-головешку, активних саморозселенців, які негативно впливають на місцеву фауну. В іхтіофауніоз. Алмазне було виявлено два види риб з охоронним статусом - щипавка звичайна та гірчак європейський. В орнітофауні оз. Алмазне було виявлено 59 видів птахів. За статусом перебування домінували мігруючі види – 56,8%, гніздові – 27,58%. Інші види відносяться до категорії літуючих. За типом живлення переважали іхтіофаги та пантозооаги, які становили 34,48 та 27,58% відповідно. Встановлено наявність на водоймі двох колоніальних видів: мартина звичайного та пірникози великої. Отримані дані ілюструють наявність таксономічного різноманіття риб і рибоїдних птахів як компонентів водного та довкола водного середовища міського озера, що дозволяє проводити фундаментальні дослідження з вивчення біотичних взаємозв’язків між гідробіоценозами. Отримані результати важливі в контексті розуміння проблеми поширення водних тварин, раціоналізації використання водних ресурсів в рамках збереження біологічного різноманіття і забезпечення сталого розвитку міста.
ВСТУП ДО БІОЛОГІЇ СТОВБУРОВОЇ КЛІТИНИ
Authors: Сукач О. М. , Іонов І. А. , Всеволодська С. О.
Published: May 2022

Стовбурові клітини являються основою кожного органу чи тканини живого організму. Існує багато різних типів стовбурових клітин, що утворюються у різні періоди життя організму й розташовані у різних його частинах. До них відносяться тотипотентні та плюрипотентні стовбурові клітини, які існують лише на самих ранніх стадіях розвитку, та різноманітні типи тканеспецифічних стовбурових клітин, які з’являються в процесі внутрішньоутробного розвитку та залишаються в організмі протягом усього життя. Всі стовбурові клітини являються неспеціалізованими та відносно безсмертними. Вони мають здатність до самовідновлення (поділ із формуванням дочірніх клітин, генетично ідентичних материнській) та диференціювання (давати початок спеціалізованим клітинам). Стовбурові клітини відрізняються за потенціалом диференціювання та за походженням. Тотипотентні стовбурові клітини (зигота та клітини, що сформувалися в процесі її перших двох поділів) здатні формувати ембріоні плаценту. Плюрипотентні (ембріональні та індуковані) стовбурові клітини мають здатність до диференціювання в усі типи клітин дорослого організму. Тканеспецифічні (мультипотентні, олігопетентні та уніпотентні) стовбурові клітини виявляються в тканинах та органах, вони здатні утворювати всі типи клітин даного органу чи тканини. У процесі ембріонального розвитку стовбурові клітини утворюють всі спеціалізовані клітини тканин і органів. У дорослих стовбурові клітини діють як система відновлення організму, поповнюючи втрачені та загиблі клітини. Саме тому стовбурові клітини мають значний потенціал для використання у регенеративній медицині. Крім того, стовбурові клітини розширили наші уявлення про розвиток, а також про патогенез захворювань. Цей огляд являється вступом у світ стовбурових клітин й обговорює їх визначення, історію досліджень, походження, класифікацію, властивості, ідентифікацію та регуляцію.
ПЕРША ЗНАХІДКА ТРИПЛОЇДНИХ ГІБРИДНИХ ЖАБ PELOPHYLAX ESCULENTUS (ANURA: RANIDAE) В БАСЕЙНІ РІЧКИ МОЖ (ХАРКІВСЬКА ОБЛ., УКРАЇНА)
Authors: Drohvalenko M. , Pustovalova E. , Fedorova A. , Shabanov D.
Published: May 2022

Pelophylax esculentus – міжвидовий гібрид озерної жаби P. ridibundus та ставкової жаби P. lessonae. Гібриди зазвичай представлені диплоїдними і триплоїдними формами, які співіснують і схрещуються з одним або обома батьківськими видами в геміклональних популяційних системах (ГПС). Басейн річки Сіверський Донець відомий своїми різноманітними ГПС і був описаний як Сіверсько-Донецький центр різноманіття зелених жаб. У його межах було описано три субрегіони на основі особливостей складу ГПС (диплоїдні – R-E, з триплоїдами – R-EEp і R-Epf лише з триплоїдними самками серед гібридів). Наявність триплоїдних P. esculentus раніше була підтверджена лише для двох із трьох субрегіонів басейну річки Сіверський Донець, тоді як третій, R-E-субрегіон (включаючи р. Мож), вважався населеним лише диплоїдами. В даній статті ми представляємо результати аналізу плоїдності та складу геному як дорослих зелених жаб, так і цьогорічків у ставку в с. Тимченки (басейн р. Мож, Харківська область, Україна). Три вибірки жаб були зібрані у вересні 2019, червні 2020 та серпні 2021 року (всього 109 дорослих особин і 56 молодих особин) та проаналізовані за морфологічними особливостями, а також з використанням методів цитометрії еритроцитів (сухі мазки), каріології кісткового мозку та флуоресцентного фарбування (за допомогою DAPI). Ми виявили 2 триплоїдних самці серед дорослих і 5 триплоїдів обох статей серед цьогорічків. Загальне співвідношення триплоїдів за віком різко змінюється (9% серед цьогорічків проти 1% серед дорослих), але незначуще (p=0,078). Розмір еритроцитів, що вказує на межу між дорослими ди- і триплоїдами, був встановлений як 28 мкм для цієї системи; для цьогорічків така межа не є очевидною. Усі триплоїди мали склад геному LLR (тобто два геноми P. lessonae та один геном P. ridibundus). За більшістю диплоїдних P. esculentus та наявністю триплоїдів система у Тимченках виявилася схожою на деякі інші ГПС (системи Корякова та Іськова ставків) в інших субрегіонах, які характеризуються присутністю триплоїдів. Наявність триплоїдів, всупереч попереднім даним щодо цього регіону, може пояснюватись декількома гіпотезами: (1) рідкісні знахідки триплоїдів; (2) їх міграція чи міграція P. esculentus, які продукують 2n-гамети; (3) нова особливість розмноження P. esculentus, що виникла нещодавно.
The Tamil Poets Unknown to the Tamil World
Authors: R Subbulakshmi
Published: May 2022

The foreword to the article titled 'Tamil Poets Unknown to the Tamil World' features a song composed to illustrate the development of the Tamil language. Based on that song, there is a news item in the article which will be set up an introduction to list of poets who were missed their honour by Tamil world. There are four Tamil poets of the same name by the name of Narayanaswamy Naidu, who lived in different cities and wrote different texts. There is a reference to Damodaram Pillai under the title 'Sirukulam Damodaram Pillai' and songs attested by their books Sathurch Siladai Venpa and Sirukulam Vinayakaranthadi. There is a news item titled 'Thiruvenkatachari Puluvar' which was silenced by most of the giraffes. Sodasavadanam Subbarayasettiar is a book written by Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai and inspired by Purasa Attavadanam Sabapathy Mudaliar. The miraculous event that took place at the launch of the book “Mikurasu Malai” written by Saikualip Puluvar under the title Seikualip Puluvar has been compared to the miraculous event that took place when Meenakshiyammai Pillai Tamil written by Kumaragurupar was staged. There are brief messages in the title of the songs sung by the poets who expressed their devotion to God. There are songs sung in praise of the poets, as well as songs sung by the poets. Short notes on poets and names of books written by poets are given in brief descriptions of some of the poets that the Tamil world may have come to know. Explanations for specialty, yatsakanam, vasakappa, sattukkavi, avatanam, etc. are given where necessary. English numbers are used in this article as Tamil numbers cannot be used. The concluding remarks outline the comments that are said to be the final conclusion of the article.
ZONAS SEMILLERAS DE PINUS GREGGII VAR. AUSTRALIS EN HIDALGO, MÉXICO
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Joel , López-Upton Javier , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Jasso-Mata Jesús
Published: May 2022

Con el propósito de establecer zonas semilleras y evitar el movimiento inadecuado de la semilla en programas de plantaciones, 44 poblaciones naturales de Pinus greggii var. australis en el Estado de Hidalgo se agruparon con base en nueve variables biofísicas. El análisis de agrupamiento discriminó geográficamente dos grandes grupos de poblaciones. La zona I es de clima templado-subhúmedo, con precipitaciones entre 600 y 1200 mm anuales y temperaturas medias de 14 a 19 °C; se localiza en la zona alta del oeste del estado, entre 1600 y 2700 msnm, con suelos de textura arcillosa, y pH promedio de 6.6, en donde existen bosques de pino-encino, de pino-enebro y de pino. La zona II corresponde a las poblaciones localizadas en el oriente del estado, en clima templado húmedo y semicálido húmedo, con precipitaciones de 1300 a 2500 mm anuales y temperaturas medias de 17 a 21.5 °C; se ubica en la región de barlovento, entre 1200 y 1700 msnm; con suelos de textura franco-arcillosa y pH promedio de 4.3, en donde existe bosque mesófilo de montaña. En la zona I se identificaron cinco grupos y en la Zona II cuatro grupos de poblaciones, según sus similitudes. Ensentido estricto la semilla debe moverse dentro de cada grupo de poblaciones; el riesgo de mala adaptación, escasa supervivencia o baja productividad, es mayor al transferirse entre poblaciones de distintos grupos dentro de zona y aumenta considerablemente si se transfiere entre poblaciones de las dos zonas.
EFECTO ANTIMICROBIANO DEL ORÉGANO MEXICANO (LIPPIA BERLANDIERI Schauer) Y DE SU ACEITE ESENCIAL SOBRE CINCO ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO VIBRIO
Authors: Paredes-Aguilar María de la Cruz , Gastélum-Franco María Guadalupe , Silva-Vázquez Ramón , Nevárez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia
Published: May 2022

Las nuevas tendencias de la población hacia el consumo de productos naturales han llevado a investigar y desarrollar nuevas formas de conservación, para evitar las intoxicaciones relacionadas con los aditivos químicos. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto antimicrobiano del orégano mexicano (Lippia berlandieri Schauer) y su aceite esencial, sobre Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae no-01, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus y V. vulnificus. Se determinaron las concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias (CMI) y bactericidas (CMB) del orégano en polvo y de aceite esencial de orégano con diferentes concentra ciones de timol y carvacrol, y con dos de estos aceites se elaboraron curvas de muerte a 5 y 35 °C para V. cholerae no-01. Se obtuvo un efecto antimicrobiano favorable sobre las cinco especies de Vibrio, las cuales no presentaron diferencias significativas entre ellas en las concentraciones inhibitorias y bactericidas de los aceites esenciales. Las concentraciones (CMI y CMB) obtenidas para el orégano fueron de 1.5 a 2.5 y de 100 a 200 mg L-1 para los diferentes aceites esenciales. En relación con las curvas de muerte, a 35 °C se obtuvieron los menores tiempos de disminución en células viables para V. cholerae no-01. Al evaluar dos de los aceites esenciales a 35 °C se lograron disminuir las poblaciones hasta siete ciclos logarítmicos en sólo 30 min, efecto logrado también a 5 °C pero en un periodo de 24 a 144 h.
EFECTO DEL TAMAÑO DEL GRÁNULO DE ALMIDÓN DE MAÍZ EN SUS PROPIEDADES TÉRMICAS Y DE PASTIFICADO
Authors: Narváez-González Ernesto David , Figueroa-Cárdenas Juan de Dios , Taba Suketoshi , Castaño-Tostado Eduardo , Martínez-Peniche Ramón Álvar
Published: May 2022

El grano de maíz (Zea mays L.) está compuesto principalmente por almidón, cuyo tamaño varía entre razas. El conocimiento del proceso de gelatinización del almidón provee información importante acerca de la funcionalidad, requerimientos energéticos y uso final de este cereal. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las relaciones entre el tamaño del gránulo de almidón y sus propiedades térmicas y de pastificado en 71 razas puras de maíz provenientes México, El Caribe, Centro y Sudamérica. Las imágenes de los gránulos se obtuvieron con un microscopio electrónico de barrido ambiental, de muestras de endospermo duro y endospermo suave. Las temperaturas y entalpía de gelatinización fueron obtenidas por medio del calorímetro de barrido diferencial. Las propiedades de pastificado se midieron con un analizador rápido de viscosidad. Se determinaron los contenidos de humedad, proteína, lípidos y amilosa aparente, así como la dureza del grano. Los gránulos pequeños gelatinizan lentamente y a altas temperaturas y entalpía. Los granos suaves mostraron gránulos más grandes en el endospermo suave y pequeños en el endospermo duro; lo contrario se observó en granos duros. La dureza presentó correlaciones altamente significativas con el tiempo y la temperatura para alcanzar el pico de viscosidad. El tamaño del gránulo de almidón correlacionó positivamente con los contenidos de humedad y amilosa aparente, pero negativamente con el contenido de proteína en el endospermo suave de las muestras.
Commodity Money and the Price Level
Authors: Bitros George
Published: May 2022

This article finds that in an open, free market economy, with a privately accessible state mint and an official currency based on a metallic standard, supply or demand shocks leave prices stable both in the short run and in the long run, with the exception of when the currency is debased. The stabilization property of this kind of currency derives from the mechanism by which changes in commodity prices motivate the holders of the stock of currency to shift their demand for it such that its acquisition cost equates to its purchasing power in terms of goods and services. When a country is large relative to the international market for specie, maintenance of price stability may require adjustments in the seigniorage charge, whereas in countries with closed economies such adjustments are in general imperative. In addition, through seigniorage adjustments, the price level may even be held fixed irrespective of the magnitude and origin of shocks, the relative size of the country, and the degree of its openness, whereas at the zero bound of the seigniorage charge, the same result may be achieved though lowering the specie content of the currency. These results are consistent with the monetary experiences of Athens in classical times, France during the period AD 1350–1436, Spain in the sixteenth century, the United States in AD 1870–1914, and China in AD 1910–35. Additionally, since electronic money such as bitcoin has properties similar to gold or silver, these results may extend to a cryptocurrency standard.
A Policy Lens on Becoming a Teacher: A Longitudinal Diary Study of Novice Teacher Professional Identity Formation in Indonesia.
Authors: Alifia Ulfah , Pramana Rezanti Putri , Revina Shintia
Published: May 2022

The early years of a teacher’s career are crucial to the formation of their professional identity—a complex process of reconciling their personal attributes with the demands of the profession. This study explores the identity formation of novice teachers in Indonesia and seeks to identify the various aspects that shape this process. Specifically, we examine how Indonesia’s current teacher policy landscape affects novice teachers’ perspectives on teaching and their profession. Through a longitudinal bimonthly diary study conducted over two years, we find that the novice teachers’ stories about their identity development revolve around five themes: initial motivation to enter the profession, beliefs about teaching and the teaching profession, satisfaction with working conditions, perceptions about major challenges during the early years, and commitment to the teaching profession and career aspiration. Our findings show that individual teachers’ personal attributes do influence the formation of their identities as teachers, but teacher policies and working conditions influence this process to a greater extent. Without support, novice teachers struggle to navigate the tension between their ideals, limited resources, and inconsistent teacher policies. These findings suggest it is necessary to redefine what it means to be a teacher by characterising the observable qualities of good teaching, linking them to student learning, and rectifying teacher policies in the Indonesian education system to be coherent with these characteristics.
BOTTLE GOURD (LAGENARIA SICERARIA) TOXICITY: A BITTER DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA.
Authors: Rasool Bhat Irfan , Gupta Manish , Malik Ankur
Published: May 2022

Consumption of a glass of bottle gourd juice is thought to work as a health tonic & part of traditional
healthy living practices in India.
The juice may in certain circumstances turn bitter with increased levels of the cytotoxic compound called CUCURBITACINS.
If the bitter juice is consumed it causes a toxic reaction in the gut leading to abdominal discomfort/pain,vomiting, hematemesis
& hypotension which may be rarely fatal, especially in persons with pre existing illness.
In the absence of clear cut history regarding the consumption of the bitter gourd juice & the initiation of symptoms ,the
differential diagnosis for the above symptoms will include diseases causing gastrointestinal bleed with hypotension and/or
shock.
We report a case of bitter bottle gourd poisoning presenting with abdominal symptoms, hematemesis and shock and with an
initial differential diagnosis of septicaem a with septic shock & multi organ involvement.
We conduct a literature review & ponder the various differential diagnoses of this clinical scenario.
A RARE CASE OF LUTEOMA OF PREGNANCY IN A PERITONEAL INCLUSION CYST.
Authors: Vinodh D. , Anand V. M. Sabari , Maniselvi S. , Kannan R.
Published: May 2022

Pregnancy luteomas are rare neoplasms of the ovary that are usually benign. The persumed cause of this benign
neoplasm is the hormonal effects of pregnancy.They are found incidentally during imaging or surgeries like caesarean
and tubal ligation (1). Usually they are asymptomatic neoplasms but there are reports of virilization of the mother or
infant (2).In some cases they can cause hemorrhage or torsion.We report a case of luteoma of pregnancy that was found
incidentally during the management of a middle aged female patient for pelvic inclusion cyst.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW ON HOW IT AFFECTS THE MEAN PLATELET VOLUME IN CANCER
Authors: Jara Pablo Llerena , Quiroga Fausto Pérez , Morillo Andrea Méndez , Morillo Jennifer Méndez , Pacheco López Carolina , Cardenas Jessica Alexandra
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Platelets are anucleated cytoplasmic fragments derived from megakaryocytes,they are oval in shape,1 to
2 millimeters in diameter, and have a half-life of 8 to 10 days. MPV is measured by automated cell counters based on
impedance and optical effect, and can be modified by the anticoagulant ethylene aminotetraacetic acid (EDTA),
temperature and storage time of the sample;Therefore,it is recommended that the analysis of the sample and its reading
be carried out ideally in the first hour after taking the sample and preferably in the first 30 min.
Another concept that is important to include in the interpretation of platelet activity is platelet mass,which is defined as
the relationship between the platelet count and MPV; from which it has been found that the inverse platelet count-MPV
relationship is not linear, so several normograms have been described to evaluate this relationship.3,4 The number,
density and size of platelets is determined by a complex interaction between growth factors, cytokines, hormones and
the megakaryocyte in the bone marrow. Megakaryopoiesis is programmed to maintain platelet function and mass, a
mechanism in which thrombopoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukins 1 and 6, and tumor necrosis
factor are closely involved.Thrombopoietin levels are determined by gender and the number of platelets.In situations of
stress,platelet production and mass are increased, resulting in the release into the circulation of large numbers of large,
highly reactive platelets that migrate to sites of injury. An intense stimulus at the medullary level induces a
hyperproduction of platelets that is characterized by a high MPV.
THE CORPORATES SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN KARNATAKA STATE: ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND DYNAMICS
Authors: K G Suma , Toli Laxman
Published: May 2022

The current article is a outcome of review of data.After 2014,the contribution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has
expanded significantly in India, and it is regarded a game-changer in the development process.A growing number of
businesses are getting involved in this procedure, which is mandated by the government under Section 135 of the
Companies Act 2013.Karnataka is a major state in southern India, and it is home to a number of large-scale industries.
Karnataka has also seen a significant increase in corporate social responsibility investment when compared to other
states.This paper conducts a thorough investigation into the trends in CSR expenditure in Karnataka from 2014 to 2021,as
well as the spending patterns by districts.
RETROPERITONEAL DUODENAL ULCER MIMICKING APPENDICITIS ASSOCIATED WITH VALENTINO’S SYNDROME.
Authors: Devi t.Paulia , Selvi S. Mani , Naveen Bommu Gowtham , Kannan Kannan
Published: May 2022

Valentino syndrome is a rare presentation of perforated peptic ulcer in retroperitoneum,which can present as right iliac
fossa pain mimicking acute appendicitis(AA).The purpose of this report is to emphasise on rare presentation of right
iliac fossa (RIF)tenderness In a suspected case of acute appendicitis,later diagnosed it to be Valentino’s syndrome.We
reported a case of 22 years old male patient presented to emergency with complaints of pain in the right groin with
fever.The diagnosis was inconclusive after routine investigations and clinical examination later proceeded with contrast
enhanced computed tomography which reveals air pockets around right kidney and retro pneumoperitoneum and free
fluid in the Morrisons pouch.An exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforation of peptic ulcer in the second part of
duodenum which was closed by grahams omental patch repair.post operatively antibiotics were prescribed and the
patient was discharged without any complications.A differential diagnosis of Valentino syndrome for perforated
duodenal ulcer must be considered,while examining a case of pain in the RIF.The final diagnosis may be
intraoperative,however,contrast enhanced computed tomography scans remains gold standard ones.valentino’s
syndrome occurs when gastric and duodenal fluids collect in the right paracolic gutter causing focal peritonitis and RLQ
pain.
OUTCOME OF UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION – A 12 MONTH FOLLOW UP OF CLINICAL OUTCOME AND FIBROID VOLUME REDUCTION
Authors: Karthik P. , Thangalakshmi A. , Kalpana S. , Abna Abna
Published: May 2022

Background :Uterine fibroid or leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine tumors and may be seen in upto 40 %
of women in reproductive age. Though benign, fibroids are usually symptomatic and the associated menorrhagia
hampers routine activities. Uterine artery embolisation [UAE] is an accepted alternative to surgical and medical
treatment for symptomatic fibroids
Objective : To analyze the efficacy of uterine artery embolization with reference to fibroid volume reduction as
assessed by ultrasound.
Methods: 32 patients between 21 to 45 years of age underwent UAE between 2010 and 2016. Following biochemical
evaluation, preprocedure ultrasound with fibroid volume estimation was done using a Siemens Antares machine.
Embolization of bilateral uterine arteries was carried out using gelfoam and Polyvinylalcohol spheres[330-500 ].Post
procedure ultrasound was done at 1,3,6 and 12 months .
Results:Of the 32 patients ,pre procedure ultrasound revealed fibroids in 26,molar pregnancy in 2,retained products in
2, adenomyosis and arteriovenous malformation in one each. Co morbidities included cardiac problems, uncontrolled
diabetes, severe anemia and thyroid cancer. Post procedure 2 patients underwent hysterectomy, 2 developed
amenorrhea,rest regained regular menstrual flow.
3. Of the 26 patients with fibroids pre procedure mean fibroid volume was 253cm Mean reduction in Fibroid volume was
34%,66%,79% and 81% at 1,3,6 and 12 months.The mean reduction in fibroid volume was statistically significant.
Conclusion: UAE is an effective method in treatment of Fibroids and Ultrasound with volume estimation is adequate for
follow up.
A CASE REPORT OF ANNULAR PANCREAS WITH SUBACUTE DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Vijayalakshmi V , Kumar Sampath , P Maruthapandian , Kannan R , Girieasen M. Sabari
Published: May 2022

Annular pancreas is an uncommon congenital anomaly which usually presents itself in infants and newborn.Rarely it can
present in late adult life with wide range of clinical severities thereby making its diagnosis difficult. Pre-operative
diagnosis is often difficult. CT scan can illustrate the pancreatic tissue encircling the duodenum. ERCP and MRCP are
useful in outlining the annular pancreatic duct. Surgery still remains necessary to confirm diagnosis and bypassing the
obstructed segment.We report a case of 61 year female presenting with duodenal obstruction due to annular pancreas.
Digitalization: educational context
Authors: Matvienko Oksana , Tsyvin Michael
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to identifying approaches to the phenomenon of digitalization in the educational context.

The differences in the understanding of the concepts of "informatization" and "digitalization" are considered and the problems arising in the digital transformations of education are emphasized.

The approaches of domestic scientists to digitalization of education are given and it is revealed, the main problem is seen in acquisition of digital skills by all participants of educational process, the main problem directions of researches are chosen. Autors of publications form models of competencies and function of a teacher in a digital educational environment.

The article emphasizes the unrepresentation of works in which the authors would identify possible negative socio-cultural and moral problems of digitalization and suggest ways to prevent and overcome them.

Adequate to modern problems of digitalization of education is the direction of research proposed by Ukrainian teachers called "digital humanistic pedagogy".

Attention is paid to the new term "digital didactics" in the terminology of pedagogical research, the approaches to its understanding are singled out.

Risks of humanitarian character which arise in the conditions of digitalization of education are revealed, attention is paid to cases of sharply negative attitude of teachers to distance learning.

Emphasis is placed on the existence of "stress of social change", which is caused by the latest technological advances and the introduction of innovations that change the format of education, its didactic and technological components.

It is concluded that the processes of digitalization of education require close attention to its socio-psychological component, information and psychological security of all participants in the educational process and further development of theory and practice of "digital humanistic pedagogy" — in its broadest sense.
ADOLESCENTS´ SENSE OF BELONGING AT SCHOOL: THE ROLE OF EMPATHY AND INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Veldin Manja , Kozina Ana
Published: May 2022

"There are many benefits of a high sense of school belonging (i.e., lower psychological distress), yet a lot of students do not feel like they belong to their schools. Many researchers have therefore tried to increase the sense of belonging in adolescents via different interventions. One of the recent review articles (Allen et al., 2021) discovered that successful interventions targeted students’ strengths and promoted positive interactions. One way these strengths and positive interactions could be targeted is to build empathy capacities. Although personal characteristics have been widely recognized as predictors of school belonging (i.e., age, gender, academic achievement, etc.) this does not seem to be the case for empathy. Only a few studies explored empathy components when addressing school belonging (i.e., Batanova & Loukas, 2014) and none, to our knowledge, have looked into empathy as a possible mediator of the relationship between personal characteristics and school belonging. The present study investigated the relationship between personal characteristics and the sense of belonging at school while investigating the mediating role of empathy on the relationship. A randomized sample of 1990 students from Slovenia (M = 15.35 years, SD = 1.23; 58.3% female) was used in a structural equation modelling to determine the relationships between the individual characteristics (gender, age, grades) and the Sense of belonging at school (OECD, 2018), while looking into the mediating role of both empathy components, namely, Empathic concern and Perspective taking (IRI; Davis, 1980). Results showed that all personal characteristics (gender, age, grades) are positively connected to both empathy components. Also, both empathy components (Perspective taking, Empathic concern) have a positive connection with the Sense of belonging at school. Furthermore, grades have a direct positive and gender a direct negative connection with the Sense of belonging at school. Lastly, both empathy components mediate all the indirect paths from the personal characteristics to the Sense of belonging at school, thus providing 6 positive indirect paths in-between. The model provides an insight into the important role that empathy has when addressing the sense of school belonging. Not only is it connected to it, but it also mediates the paths from the personal characteristics, which is especially important for the direct negative path from gender. Addressing empathy (especially empathic concern, which has the highest connection to school belonging) is advisable when trying to influence the sense of belonging at school."
ADDRESSING EMOTIONAL AND RESILIENCE INEQUALITY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS VIA AN ONLINE ACADEMIC RESILIENCE COURSE
Authors: Golan Moria , Cohen-Asiag Dor
Published: May 2022

"Transitioning from high-school to university challenges young adults to develop greater self-reliance in order to fulfill their needs, engage in relationships, plus adhere to general -self-care, and other healthy behaviors. High-intensity emotions due to difficulties or failure to achieve these goals may result in poor decision-making and impaired self-care (disordered eating, substance abuse, other unfavorable behaviors). This presentation will describe the effects of taking a 13-modules of computerized resilience academic course with a mandatory 1-2 personal assignments for each module. The course effectiveness was assessed via a controlled trial comparing the 124 students that chose to take this elective course and 150 socio-demographic matched controls that did not choose to take this course. At baseline, participants in the research group demonstrated statistical significance lower values compared to the comparison group in the following measures: self-resilience (measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-CD_RISK), self-esteem (measured by Rosenberg Scale), global scores of emotional statuses (measured by depression, anxiety, and pressure scores -Dass-21) and body esteem (measured by the Body Esteem Scale -BES). Thus, all the baseline values were entered as covariates to the ANCOVA Repeated Measures analysis to assess the differences between the intervention and the comparison group along the 4 assessments time: baseline, course termination (after 3.5 months), 3 & 6 months, post-termination. Results revealed a statistically significant superiority to the intervention group in the improvement of all these variables with small effect sizes. At the 6 month’s post course termination, the mean scores of participants in the intervention group reached equality in most variables compared to the mean scores of the comparison group. In some variables they even demonstrated higher scores. The mediating effect of the year that the course was taken and the ethnicity (minorities vs. others) were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the improvement in minorities’ resilience and self-esteem was double compared to the improvement among all others. The improvement in self resilience and self-esteem among first year students was 1.5 times higher than that of the 2nd and 3rd years students. The promising results indicates that emotional and resilience inequality may be addressed via an academic self-learning online-course."