bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Training in Basic Life Support with the Evolution of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Firefighters
Authors: Donizeti Silva Marcelo , Augusto Barbieri Ricardo , Figueiredo Foresti Yan , Augusto Cursiol Jônatas , Antônio Viana Fernando , Fernando dos Santos Ednei , Pereira Rodrigues Karine , da Silva Rodrigues Guilherme , da Silva Garcia Nascimento Juliana , Barcellos Dalri Maria Celia
Published: May 2023

Introduction. This study aimed to compare the results of professional technical and anthropometric anamnesis data with the transmission of external chest compressions performed by military firefighters at different execution times. Objective. The objective was to evaluate the performance and perceived effort of the sequence of external chest compressions performed in two minutes, as well as the evolution of the technique over time. Materials and Methods. This was a descriptive, correlational study involving adult firefighters who were members of a specific firefighter group, comprising a population of 105 individuals with a voluntary sample of 44 participants. The study used a Bayesian statistical approach to provide probabilistic expressions. Results. The participants had an average work experience of 17 years, an average age of 38.6 years, an average weight of 81.48 kilograms, an average height of 176 centimeters, and an average of 2.5 qualifications. The results indicated that the firefighters performed external chest compressions with excellent technique and a moderate level of perceived effort in a two-minute evaluation. The evaluation of the evolution of the technique over time showed that the participants were able to maintain high-quality compressions for an average of 6 minutes, with a maximum of 20 uninterrupted minutes. Conclusion. The study underscores the critical role of professional firefighters in performing and maintaining high-quality external chest compressions, which has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality in cases of cardiorespiratory arrest.
The Underlying Mechanism Involved in Gefitinib Resistance and Corresponding Experiment Validation in Lung Cancer
Authors: Song Puwei , Zhou Jianghui , Wu Kaiqin , Wang Wenli , Gu Shaorui
Published: May 2023

Background. Gefitinib resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in gefitinib resistance are largely unclear. Methods. Open-accessed data of lung cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. CCK8, colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2

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-deoxyuridine assays were utilized to evaluate the cell proliferation ability. Transwell and wound-healing assays were utilized to evaluate the cell invasion and migration ability. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to detect the RNA level of specific genes. Results. Here, we obtained the expression profile data of wild and gefitinib-resistant cells. Combined with the data from the TCGA and GDSC databases, we identified six genes, RNF150, FAT3, ANKRD33, AFF3, CDH2, and BEX1, that were involved in gefitinib resistance in both cell and tissue levels. We found that most of these genes were expressed in the fibroblast of the NSCLC microenvironment. Hence, we also comprehensively investigated the role of fibroblast in the NSCLC microenvironment, including its biological effect and cell interaction. Ultimately, CDH2 was selected for further analysis for its prognosis correlation. In vitro experiments presented the cancer-promoting role of CDH2 in NSCLC. Moreover, cell viability detection showed that the inhibition of CDH2 could significantly decrease the IC50 of gefitinib in NSCLC cells. GSEA showed that CDH2 could significantly affect the pathway activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Conclusions. This study is aimed at investigating the underlying mechanism involved in gefitinib resistance to lung cancer. Our research has improved researchers’ understanding of gefitinib resistance. Meanwhile, we found that CDH2 could lead to gefitinib resistance through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
El mundo judicial es una boda: intersecciones entre justicia penal y academia en Argentina
Authors: Kostenwein Ezequiel
Published: May 2023

En este trabajo ofrecemos los primeros hallazgos de una investigación que explora las trayectorias de actores judiciales que trabajan en la justicia penal y, simultáneamente, desarrollan tareas docentes, bien en el ámbito universitario, bien dictando cursos de capacitación para integrantes del poder judicial. En concreto, abordamos dos cuestiones: el modo y las circunstancias en las que ingresan a la justicia penal, y en segundo lugar, las características más relevantes que  dichos actores judiciales le adjudican al espacio judicial en el que se  desarrollan sus trayectorias laborales.Aplicamos la técnica de “bola de nieve” para acceder a nuestros entrevistados. Se trata de un trabajo exploratorio que, como tal, no ofrece  representatividad estadística sobre el universo de la justicia penal. Sin embargo, nos permitió llevar adelante algunas caracterizaciones tipológicasen función de ciertas regularidades para conocer mejor a estos sujetos anfibios que habitan en forma  conjunta los espacios judicial y  docente.
Politização do espaço, espacialização do histórico: deriva e desvio em letristas e situacionistas
Authors: Aquino João Emiliano Fortaleza de
Published: May 2023

O artigo se propõe a mostrar as relações entre os conceitos de deriva e desvio em letristas e situacionistas. Defende que a deriva não é uma simples aplicação do desvio à experiência de deambulação na cidade. Ao contrário, o conceito de desvio se desenvolve com base em determinado nível de concepção da deriva. Entre ambos os conceitos há em comum a produção de um espaço histórico, que conduz à experiência política com o espaço urbano, na deriva; com o espaço estético, no desvio. Ambos os conceitos se defrontam com a questão materialista da assim chamada herança artística e literária, pois só com a justaposição espacial de presente e passado pode haver deles uma experiência histórica, política.
Entrevista com Francesco Careri – a Internacional Situacionista e as derivas contemporâneas
Authors: Careri Francesco , Chaparim Matheus Alcântara Silva , Caon Paulina Maria
Published: May 2023

Entrevista realizada con el profesor Dr. Francesco Careri, profesor del Departamento de Arquitectura de la Università degli Studi Roma Tre, en junio del 2020. La entrevista abordó ideas de la Internacional Situacionista, sus repercusiones en el presente y en la propia práctica peripatética de Francesco Careri. Se llevó a cabo en línea, durante el aislamiento por la pandemia del covid-19, en una clase del curso de Artes Cívicas de la carrera de Arquitectura. Además del guion de preguntas hecho por los entrevistadores, se contó con los aportes de los demás alumnos que acompañaron la clase / entrevista. El material resultante de este diálogo es un generoso intercambio de pensamientos sobre las prácticas artísticas, el juego de crear situaciones, las derivas y las reinterpretaciones de la percepción de la ciudad y de uno mismo a través del caminar.
A Critical Biography of Zhu Zhanshan, Prince Xian of Xiang (1406–1478)
Authors: Throness Aaron
Published: May 2023

This essay offers a critical biography of one of Ming China’s (1368–1644) most exceptional yet understudied princes, Zhu Zhanshan 朱瞻墡 (1406–1478), Prince Xian of Xiang 襄憲王. It also complicates our understanding of Ming princes by recounting Zhu Zhanshan’s exceptional relationship with the Ming throne, which presents a unique case study of intense princely engagement in capital affairs. In pursuit of these endeavors, this essay recounts and analyzes the major events in Zhu Zhanshan’s life. These include his political engagements in Beijing during dynastic crises, intellectual development, decades-long interactions with Ming emperors and capital leadership, visits to Beijing, and contributions to local religion in his Xiangyang investiture. The essay concludes with an evaluation of Zhu Zhanshan, his place in the Ming commentarial tradition, and state-princedom relations.
Phylogenetic analysis of the critically endangered Karpathos water frog (Anura, Amphibia): conservation insights from complete mitochondrial genome sequencing
Authors: Toli Elisavet-Aspasia , Bounas Anastasios , Christopoulos Apostolos , Pafilis Panayiotis , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos
Published: May 2023

The Karpathos water frog (Pelophylax cerigensis) is classified as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List and its distribution is restricted on the island of Karpathos, South Aegean Sea. Utilizing a next generation sequencing approach, we obtained whole mitochondrial genomes of P. cerigensis to determine the species phylogenetic position within the genus Pelophylax and to clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the species’ population on Karpathos Island and the population of P. cf. bedriagae from the neighboring Rhodes Island. High-throughput sequencing generated mean ± SD = 227 945 ± 18 306 reads averaged per sample. High quality reads were assembled resulting in the complete mitogenome of P. cerigensis of a total size of 17 922 bp. Mitogenome organization was similar to other Pelophylax species, comprising of 13 Protein Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and one Control Region. Overall mean genetic distance for the 13 PCGs, within the Ranidae family, ranged from 8.01% (COIII) to 11.6% (ATP8), while ratios of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions were <1 in all the 13 PCGs, indicating purifying selection. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses based on the concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs and two rRNAs (12S and 16S), showed that individuals from Karpathos and Rhodes form a well-supported monophyletic group with low genetic distance between them (p-distance = 0.1%). Hence, the Rhodes populations seem to belong to P. cerigensis and not to P. bedriagae as formerly thought, highlighting the need for revision of P. cerigensis current conservation status as well as further examination of the P. bedriagae species group.
Tigray: A Nation in Search of Statehood?
Authors: Fiseha Assefa
Published: May 2023

A devastating war broke out between the federal government and Tigray regional state of Ethiopia in November 2020. What is its cause and how does it affect the dynamics in Tigray and in Ethiopia in general? The article demonstrates using clear indicators that an authoritarian centrist elite and its policy that came to power in 2018 pursued a very centralised decision making, removing regional state heads and imposed new polices that violate self-government and autonomy of states. It brought back imperial Ethiopia’s polity building narrative accusing its predecessors and the post-1991 federal polity as disruption. Yet Tigrayan nationalism has also long pedigree. Its relative homogeneity and centuries of self-conscious experiment with autonomy has always been fundamental check against the centrist elite. Following the new developments, Tigray is reconsidering whether it is worth staying within Ethiopia or should secede and have its own state. Ideally there are menu of options that could provide a solution to both sides short of secession, but the new elite in power is pushing Tigray to the edges, abrogating its constitutional autonomy, putting under siege and denying all basic services for nearly two years and pursuing age old policy of surrender or perish, literally imposing secession to the region. The study is informed by theories of ethno national based conflicts, political autonomy and secession.
Laughing Matter(s): Reactions of Muslims in Europe to Islamophobia and the Role of Comic Relief
Authors: Aydin Zeynep
Published: May 2023

Laughter and humour can have therapeutic effects on traumatized individuals. Now, the generation of Muslims that grew up after the 9/11 terror attacks is using comic relief to recount their experience with Islamophobia. While the trend started with television stand-up comedians and their performances, the movement has spread through the social media grape vine all the way from Twitter to TikTok. In this article the (social) media landscape is examined and comedic content is analysed to assess how and why content creators share their experiences. It finds that the greatest difference between content creators results from the gender-based experiences they draw on when recounting their stories. Comedy was a very strong means of communicating this highly sensitive subject. Through humour, content creators also wished to also break the stereotype of Muslims not understanding satire and just being an angry inflexible mob.
Testing Carlquistian hypotheses on the functional significance of vessel element length
Authors: Echeverría Alberto , Petrone-Mendoza Emilio , Anfodillo Tommaso , Brodribb Tim , Torres-San Miguel Christopher René , Rueda Arreguín José Luis , Olson Mark E.
Published: May 2023

While total vessel length is widely recognized as being of fundamental functional significance, opinion is more divided regarding the potential functional importance of vessel element length, a variable that Sherwin Carlquist regarded as functionally significant. We show that vessel element length can, as Carlquist predicted, affect vessel resistance to deformation. Perforation plates are locally thickened annuli, so tubes with annuli resist deformation better than those without, and tubes with closely-spaced annuli resist deformation better than those with distantly spaced ones. However, there is a tradeoff between deformation resistance and conductance. With a comparative analysis across more than 1000 species of angiosperms, we show that both vessel element length and the areas of individual inter-conduit pits scale positively with vessel diameter. Such covariation is expected if plants are to maintain conductance as they grow taller. Congruent with Carlquist’s thinking, we found that species with vessel elements that are exceptionally short tend to grow in drylands, whereas those with vessel elements that are exceptionally long tend to grow in moist climates. Finally, we show evidence suggesting that selection on vessel element length is an important determinant of imperforate tracheary element length. Conversely, the evidence for selection on imperforate tracheary element length affecting vessel element length appears to be weaker. These results seem sufficient to establish that, whatever the functional importance of total vessel length, vessel element length is a variable of functional significance in its own right, congruent with Sherwin Carlquist’s long-held views.
The Saga of Abbot Germanos of St George of Mangana in Nicosia and Greek-Latin Ecclesiastical Relations on Cyprus in the Reign of Pope John XXII
Authors: Kyriacou Chrysovalantis , Schabel Chris
Published: May 2023

Based on published and hitherto unpublished papal letters, this paper reconstructs the fascinating story of Abbot Germanos of St George of Mangana, one of the wealthiest Greek monasteries in Latin-ruled Cyprus. Beginning with an updated exposition of the monastery’s Byzantine origins and Constantinopolitan ties, the paper continues with Germanos’ appeals to Pope John XXII (1316-1334) concerning the settling of a dispute between Germanos himself and a group of his monks in the 1320s. Germanos’ case thus becomes a window for exploring the motivations of historical actors in a world shaped by the politics of Latin domination in the East, the agenda of papal supremacy, the Bulla Cypria constitution, and Latin and Byzantine monastic traditions and practices. The need to address these conditions in a realistic way, while serving institutional and personal interests, enabled the development of complex networks that cut across the binary of Greek vs. Latin. The editio princeps of Pope John XXII’s first letter to Germanos (8 July 1322) is an invaluable addition to the Mangana affair portfolio, contributing to a fuller picture of the crisis, providing information on the protagonists and the monastery, and reflecting papal pastoral concerns in the East.
Bell Towers, Bell Gables, and Bellcotes in Late Medieval Cyprus
Authors: Kaffenberger Thomas
Published: May 2023

This study investigates bell-bearing structures and their historical context in Cyprus. The aim is to shed light on when and in which ways bells were introduced into Greek religious practice on the island, taking into account that they are often a sign of cultural exchange between Latins and Greeks in other areas of the Mediterranean. This shall be achieved through a focus on the material evidence preserved from mainly Greek buildings from ca. 1200-1571, compared with buildings of other rites on the island and complemented by manifold textual evidence predominantly from the Latin sphere. It is shown how bells and the traditional Greek semantron were used in parallel from at least the thirteenth century on, first enriching urban soundscapes of cities like Famagusta and furthermore enabling a more diversified call to liturgies and other events mainly in monastic environments.
The Grandmothers of Shaheen Bagh: An Indian Muslim Women’s Protest and the Future of Satyagraha
Authors: Lal Vinay
Published: May 2023

The Indian dadis (grandmothers) of Shaheen Bagh, over the space of less than four months from mid-December 2019 to late March 2020, offered a palpable demonstration that the spirit of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) cannot be extinguished. Indeed, as I shall suggest, the short-lived Shaheen Bagh movement cannot be seen other than as a momentous event in the global history of nonviolent resistance and as quite likely the most promising step in the further evolution of satyagraha. Shaheen Bagh may even have presaged the extraordinary upheaval taking place in Iran where, once again, it is women—most of them young enough to be the grand-daughters of the dadis whose offering of satyagraha convulsed India for a short time—who have shown the way to exercise nonviolent resistance to a regime that has shown no hesitation in the brutal repression of dissent.
A review of the South American metalmark genus Alesa Doubleday, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Eurybiini) with the description of two new species
Authors: SANTOS WILDIO IKARO DA GRAÇA , DOLIBAINA DIEGO RODRIGO , DIAS FERNANDO MAIA SILVA , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS
Published: May 2023

The taxonomy of the South American metalmark butterflies of the genus Alesa Doubleday, 1847 is reviewed. A new taxonomic arrangement for Alesa is supported after the analysis of about 600 specimens, including the recognition of two new species, described herein, A. juliae sp. nov. and A. mariae sp. nov.. Alesa negra Röber, 1931, so far recognized as a junior subjective synonym of A. telephae (Boisduval, 1836), is here recognized as a valid species (stat. rev.) and A. amethystina Gallard & Fernandez, 2015 as a junior subjective synonym (syn. nov.) of A. negra, and A. fournierae Lathy, 1958 is recognized as a junior subjective synonym (syn. nov.) of A. amesis (Cramer, 1777). Neotypes are designated for Papilio amesis Cramer, 1777, Erycina prema Godart, [1824] and Mimocastinia egeria Biedermann, 1936. Lectotypes are designated for Erycina priolas Godart, [1824], Eurybia telephae Boisduval, 1836, A. smaragdifera Westwood, 1851, A. lipara Bates, 1868, A. hemiurga Bates, 1868, A. thelydrias Bates, 1868, and Mimocastnia rothschildi Seitz, 1913. Three previously established species groups are here supported by morphological characters including the following species, “prema group”: A. prema, A. esmeralda Salazar & Constantino, 2007, A. beneluzi Gallard & Fernandez, 2015, A. rothschildi and A. juliae sp. nov.; “telephae group”: A. telephae, A. humilis Brévignon, 2015, A. negra stat. rev. and A. suzana Ahrenholz & Hall, 2010; and “amesis group”: A. amesis, A. mariae sp. nov., A. lipara Bates, 1867, A. hemiurga Bates, 1867 and A. thelydrias Bates, 1867. Adults and their genitalia are illustrated for all species available to examination. The main diagnostic characters used to distinguish the species belonging to the “amesis group” are illustrated, and pictures of adults images in situ and distribution maps are provided. Additionally, all species are diagnosed and discussed based on their morphology.
Psychological Impacts of Retained Bullets From the Perspective of Survivors
Authors: Smith R. N. , Nedergaard R. M. , Meyer C. H. , DeSousa N. , Ghosh M. , Blount Q. , Apte A. , Resnick S. , Hennink M. M.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Despite a high prevalence of retained bullet fragments (RBFs) after firearm related injury (FRI) there is limited data on the full spectrum of their consequences, particularly the psychological impacts on those injured. Further, the experiences of FRI survivors with RBFs are missing from existing literature. The objective of this study was to explore the psychological impacts of RBFs on individuals who have experienced recent FRI.

Methods

Adult (18-65 years) survivors of FRI with radiographically confirmed RBFs were purposively selected from an urban Level 1 trauma center in Atlanta, Georgia, to participate in an in-depth interview. Interviews were conducted between March 2019 and February 2020. Thematic analysis was used to identify a range of psychological effects from RBFs.

Results

Interviews from 24 FRI survivors were analyzed: the majority of participants were Black males (N = 22, 92%) with a mean age of 32 years whose FRI occurred ∼8.6 months prior to data collection. The psychological effects of RBFs were grouped into four categories: physical health (eg, pain, limited mobility), emotional well-being (eg, anger, fear), social isolation, and occupational welfare (eg, disability leading to inability to work). A range of coping mechanisms were also identified.

Conclusion

Survivors of FRI with RBFs experience a range of psychological impacts that are far-reaching and affect daily activities, mobility, pain and emotional wellbeing. Study results indicate a need for enhanced resources to support those with RBFs. Further, changes to clinical protocols are warranted on removal of RBFs and communication about the effects of leaving RBFs in situ.
Endovascular Repair of Traumatic Infrarenal Aortic Injury in an 8-Year-Old
Authors: Kaikaus Jahanzeb , Cheadle Gerald , Dwivedi Amit J. , Sigdel Abindra
Published: May 2023

The patient is an 8 year-old male presenting to outside facility following high-speed motor vehicle collision in which he was a restrained passenger. CT imaging at that time demonstrated a traumatic infrarenal aortic pseudoaneurysm, extensive pneumoperitoneum and free fluid, and an unstable L2 vertebral body fracture. He underwent exploratory laparotomy with small bowel resection prior to transfer. The patient was left in discontinuity and temporary closed. Vascular surgery was consulted upon arrival to tertiary care children’s hospital. The decision was made to proceed with emergent endovascular repair. An aortogram confirmed the location of the aortic disruption well below the renal arteries, superior to the bifurcation. An 11 mm × 5 cm Viabahn covered stent was placed across the injury with adequate proximal and distal seal. This is a case of seatbelt-related pediatric infrarenal aortic injury in the setting of polytrauma. Endovascular repair was pursued in this damage-control setting.
Coercion versus self-selection when treating issues of overfatness: A narrative review
Authors: Clark James E , Sirois Emily
Published: May 2023

The use of diet and exercise has become the cornerstone to treatment of overfatness issues. Yet, the implementation of such factors into lifestyle changes has not been able to meet intrinsic expectations or desires and has led to continuous repetition of short-term success within a coercive environment that is followed by rebound leading to secondary short-term success, that is yo-yo’ing. Even though this has become common, there has been little insight into how we might be able to improve suggestions for diet and exercise to better encourage long-term success as opposed to the short-term gains that are regularly met. In this commentary, we offer a narrative review describing how the use of behavioural analytic methodologies and techniques might allow for the development of self-selective lifestyle modifications (e.g. changes to diet, use of exercise) and choices in behaviour that better serve individuals attempting to reverse the health issues associated with overfatness, without the sense of their being coerced into their choices.
Africanisms in the Caribbean Region: African Descendants’ Resistance to Enslavement and Subjugation in Post-Emancipation
Authors: Sutherland Marcia Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

This article explores the central role of Africanisms in Africans’ revolts against enslavement in Haiti and Jamaica. There is an investigation on the memories of Africa that motivated the military leaders and the African masses in their insurrections or wars against their European enslavers in these countries. Hence, there is an investigation of Africanisms such as knowledge of governance and political organization, military training, code of military conduct, African cosmologies, knowledge on the decentralization of power, among other African derived values and beliefs that were learnt in Africa. These Africanisms informed the military and other modes of resistance against European colonizers. There is also attention to traditional African spirituality. Evidence is presented on the influences of spiritual beliefs and practices on military incursions during the enslavement era and in post-emancipation culture. There is a discussion on Vodun, Legba, Kafou, Eshu, Obeah, and Anansi. There is an analysis of the factors that accounted for military success or failure in the enslaved Africans’ military wars or revolts against European enslavers in the countries being discussed. The current modes of resistance in post-emancipation are also addressed.
Mucoadhesive Vaccine Delivery Systems for the Oral Mucosa
Authors: Mokabari K. , Iriti M. , Varoni E.M.
Published: May 2023

Vaccine technology has evolved continuously since its beginning, and mucosal vaccination, including intranasal, sublingual, and oral administrations, has recently gained great scientific interest. The oral mucosa represents a promising minimally invasive route for antigen delivery, mainly at sublingual and buccal mucosal sites, and it is easily accessible, immunologically rich, and able to promote an effective systemic and local immune response. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview on the technologies for oral mucosal vaccination, with emphasis on mucoadhesive biomaterial-based delivery systems. Polymeric-based nanoparticles, multilayer films and wafers, liposomes, microneedles, and thermoresponsive gels are the most investigated strategies to deliver antigens locally, showing mucoadhesive properties, controlled release of the antigen, and the ability to enhance immunological responses. These formulations have achieved adequate properties in terms of vaccine stability, are minimally invasive, and are easy to produce and manage. To date, oral mucosa vaccine delivery systems represent a promising and open field of research. Future directions should focus on the role of these systems to induce sustained innate and adaptive immune responses, by integrating the recent advances achieved in mucoadhesion with those related to vaccine technology. Being painless, easy to administer, highly stable, safe, and effective, the antigen delivery systems via the oral mucosa may represent a useful and promising strategy for fast mass vaccination, especially during pandemic outbreaks.
Paths to the Buddhist priesthood: A qualitative study of Kōyasan priests
Authors: Mueller Charles , Nagashima Miori
Published: May 2023

Factors that currently lead Japanese men to enter and remain in the Buddhist priesthood are poorly understood. This article reports the results of a qualitative study that examines the profiles of a seminary instructor and six Shingon Buddhist priests (真言) at Kōyasan guesthouse temples (高野山). The data, collected from semi-structured interviews, were analyzed with ATLAS.ti using a thematic analysis approach. The study identified seven key themes related to (1) family, (2) mentoring relationships, (3) education, (4) labor, (5) spiritual practices, (6) religious doctrines and faith, and (7) the devotion of guests. For the six priests, family connections were found to play an especially critical role in initial decisions to enter the priesthood, whereas other factors chiefly contributed to sustained commitment. The results are discussed in terms of theories of ‘costly signalling’, ego-identity statuses, and the Japanese tendency to construct personal identity within the context of social affiliations.
Praying interaction rituals: Prayer, ritual, and spiritual capital in a contemporary neo-Guru movement
Authors: Di Placido Matteo
Published: May 2023

In this article, I contribute to the development of the sociology of prayer focusing on the practice of bhaktiyoga, or yoga of devotion, within the largely influential, although substantially understudied, Mooji’s neo-Guru movement. Methodologically, I rely on the tools of reflexive sociology, autoethnography, and discourse analysis while theoretically I advance a preliminary theorization of praying interaction rituals through a coupled reading of Mauss’ early insights, Randal Collins’ Interaction Ritual Chain Theory (IRC), and the concept of spiritual capital. The article conceptualizes collective prayer as an interaction ritual chain through which the collective identity of the community is continuously reconstituted around shared rituals, and which is in turn aimed at the acquisition of spiritual capital, the most valued type of capital within Mooji’s community of devotees. Within this framework, prayer becomes essential also in the process of becoming a ‘good devotee’.
Invitation games and the politics of joining US-led coalition warfare: a small state perspective
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus , Reykers Yf
Published: May 2023

How do status-seeking governments in small states mobilize parliamentary support for participation in US-led warfare coalitions? We argue that the formulation of official invitations by the United States plays an overlooked instrumental role in the domestic ratification game. Invitations can be a strategic tool for governments confronted with divided parliaments to secure support for contributions close to their position. Building on a modified and reversed version of Schelling’s tying hands strategy, we develop a novel invitation game to explain dynamics in the two-level game between coalition leader, government and parliament where governments tie their hands internationally rather than domestically. By signalling their intentions and strategic commitments to the coalition leader, small state governments can seek to influence the content of the coalition leader’s invitation, which they in turn can present as a take-it-or-leave-it offer to parliament. In this way, governments can raise the perceived abandonment costs to a level that outweighs parliament’s fear of entrapment, making the latter more willing to support a forceful commitment. We illustrate the plausibility of this invitation game model with empirics from Denmark’s past contributions to US-led coalitions, which show that the domestic value of these US invitations has so far been underestimated, even in a case where there exists a strong Atlantic security predisposition. In this way, this paper not only raises attention to the importance of studying how small states decide on costly military contributions, it also shows that understanding domestic contestation of military deployments requires taking into account the strategic importance of international signals.
Slowing Down in “Little Shanghai”: A Nostalgia-induced Framework of Reciprocity between Psychological Ownership and Heritage Preservation
Authors: Lin Zhiwei (CJ) , Hong Wilson Cheong Hin , Xiao Xiwen (Sivin)
Published: May 2023

While the phenomenon of nostalgic heritage travel has gained traction, scarce inquiries have researched how nostalgia for heritage sites can render a means for heritage preservation. This inquiry utilized a multi-method qualitative design, with Study 1 inferring nostalgic heritage travel motivations from travel experiences documented in online travel diaries. Study 2 adopted the psychological ownership theory with data originating from semi-structured interviews to construct a nostalgia-induced framework of reciprocity between psychological ownership and heritage preservation. Findings first unveil an array of nostalgic heritage travel motives ranging from nostalgic reminiscing and glorification to nostalgia-induced playfulness and healing. Further, findings point to a reciprocal pattern of psychological ownership–heritage preservation fostered by three routes: exercise of control, intimate knowing, and investment of the self. Together, this research illuminates a past–present–future synthesis of self–place relations. It presents the concept of reciprocity driven by nostalgia to increase understanding of heritage preservation.
Pathways to Offense Charging: Examining Defense Decision-Making During Case Processing
Authors: Henry Tri Keah S. , Henderson Howard
Published: May 2023

Prosecutors are afforded significant discretionary power in the current justice system. While much attention has been given to the factors that influence charging decisions, little is known about decision-making in the charging process itself. Moreover, research has yet to examine the mechanisms used to initiate charging: grand jury indictments or the information. As these charging processes are characteristically different and may have significant implications for case processing and justice outcomes, it is important to explore what factors influence decision-making at this early stage. The current study addresses these shortcomings using case-processing data from a large urban jurisdiction. Results indicate significant differences between defendants charged via grand jury and information processes. In addition, charging pathways have important consequences for case outcomes.
H∞ cruise control for high-speed trains with process and data transmission time-varying delay
Authors: Zhang Xiuxiu , Cui Yanliang
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates an H∞ cruise control strategy for uncertain high-speed trains (HSTs) with two time-varying delays. The multibody model of the cascading car is established, taking into account the influence of the flexible coupler and the basic resistance (rolling mechanical resistance + aerodynamic resistance) in the actual operation process. There are many uncertainties in the actual operation of the train, such as disturbances caused by gusts and track irregularities and time-varying delays caused by flexible couplers. Based on the above factors, this paper fully considers and supplements the multibody model. A cruise control strategy based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) is proposed. The state feedback control rate with input short time delay is designed, and a cruise control method with double time-varying delays is proposed by sampling data. Constructed Lyapunov–Krasovskii function (LKF) with time-delay parameters for time-delay systems to fully introduce the information of time delays. In view of the disturbance effect, the sufficient condition to suppress the disturbance is given. The proposed H∞ cruise control method controls the fluctuating speed and displacement of the train to quickly converge to the steady state. The HST at equilibrium tracks the desired velocity and ensures a stable relative displacement. The specified H∞ interference attenuation level is achieved to ensure safe and comfortable operation. Two numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effect of state time-varying delay and disturbance on train stationarity, which proves the superiority of the proposed method.
A Race-Based Size Bias for Black Adolescent Boys: Size, Innocence, and Threat
Authors: Freiburger Erin , Sim Mattea , Halberstadt Amy G. , Hugenberg Kurt
Published: May 2023

We adopted an intersectional stereotyping lens to investigate whether race-based size bias—the tendency to judge Black men as larger than White men—extends to adolescents. Participants judged Black boys as taller than White boys, despite no real size differences (Studies 1A and 1B), and even when boys were matched in age (Study 1B). The size bias persisted when participants viewed computer-generated faces that varied only in apparent race (Study 2A) and extended to perceptions of physical strength, with Black boys judged as stronger than White boys (Study 2B). The size bias was associated with threat-related perceptions, including beliefs that Black boys were less innocent than White boys (Study 3). Finally, the size bias was moderated by a valid threat signal (i.e., anger expressions, Studies 4A and 4B). Thus, adult-like threat stereotypes are perpetrated upon Black boys, leading them to be erroneously perceived as more physically formidable than White boys.
“We Got to Fight for What We Want”: Black School Rebellions In Louisiana, 1965–1974
Authors: Stern Walter C.
Published: May 2023

Background/Context:

Historians have established that Black students used force to challenge racist repression in schools throughout the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. However, the existing literature’s national focus raises unanswered questions about the extent to which Black students’ forceful responses to discrimination varied across local contexts.

Focus of Study:

This article examines 42 episodes from Louisiana secondary schools in which Black students collectively used force to resist subordination between 1965 and 1974. Drawing upon Black Studies scholarship, it treats these incidents as political acts of rebellion rather than lawless “riots.”

Research Design:

To determine where, when, how, and why Louisiana’s Black students used force, this historical study draws upon archival materials from eight collections at five archives, more than one dozen local and national newspapers, and author-conducted interviews.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Although Black students acted on shared concerns about systemic inequality, site-specific factors shaped each rebellion. This essay therefore argues that scholars should not mistake the ubiquity of Black students’ violent opposition to white supremacy as an indication that subordination or resistance remained static across time and space. It encourages further localized study that is attentive to the temporal and geographic contingencies that shape the racial politics of education.
LEGO: Linked electronic government ontology
Authors: Brys Carlos , Navas-Delgado Ismael , Aldana-Montes José F , Roldán-García María del Mar
Published: May 2023

E-government services are subject to a growing level of complexity, which requires a disruptive approach that better support the citizen needs concerning the government administration. Nowadays, available information technologies facilitate the description and online execution of administrative tasks, saving time and reducing possible errors. These technologies reduce administrative costs but require a complex electronic government system.

We propose using semantic technologies to describe the e-government organisational units and services in the Open Government Data and Services context. The use of semantics improves government management, service delivery and decision-making processes.

This article presents an extension of related work, introducing the evolution of the Ontology for Electronic Government (EGO): integrating other existing ontologies, supporting new features to describe e-government services and widening the usage scenarios. This extension enables the use in a real scenario with four use cases: the electronic government in the Province of Misiones (Argentina). However, the use in the domain of electronic government in a provincial context is also a proof of concept that this approach is general enough to expand into superior domains of countries that adopt the republican system of government with the division of government into the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Exploring Extracurricular Activity Participation, School Engagement, and Social Competence for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Wachsmuth Sean T. , Lewis Timothy J. , Gage Nicholas A.
Published: May 2023

A large body of research has reported a positive relation between participation in extracurricular activities (ECA) and improved academic performance, social competence, and school engagement. This study explored the relation between ECA, social competence, and school engagement for students with and at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Specifically, the study addressed three research questions: (a) Is there a relation between participation in ECA and high school students with EBD’s social competence and school engagement? (b) Is the relation moderated by EBD status, race, gender, or special education status? And, (c) is there a direct link between participation in ECA and students’ social competence and school engagement for youth with EBD? Eighty students with EBD and 21 typically developing students were included based on their participation in a larger study examining interventions for U.S. high school students with EBD. Participants were administered a battery of assessments at the end of the school year measuring ECA participation, social competence, and school engagement. We used regression and instrumental variable analyses to address the research questions. Results indicated statistically significant, positive relations between participation in ECA, social competence, and school engagement. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Field Theory and Assemblage Theory: Toward a Constructive Dialogue
Authors: Atkinson Will
Published: May 2023

This paper engages with Manuel DeLanda’s Deleuze-inspired ‘assemblage theory’ from a perspective sympathetic to Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. It first outlines DeLanda’s proposed new ‘philosophy of society’, focusing on his major works in this vein, and registers some scepticism as to its originality for sociology. It then introduces and responds to DeLanda’s critique of Bourdieu. Rather than simply reject assemblage theory outright, however, I draw on selected insights from DeLanda to push field theory in new directions. More specifically, I conceptualise the interplay of fields and assemblages and use notions of ‘exteriority’ and ‘possibility space’ to help conceive individual plurality of social positioning and its effects for subjectivity and practice.
Making a ‘sex-difference fact’: Ambien dosing at the interface of policy, regulation, women’s health, and biology
Authors: Zhao Helen , DiMarco Marina , Ichikawa Kelsey , Boulicault Marion , Perret Meg , Jillson Kai , Fair Alexandra , DeJesus Kai , Richardson Sarah S.
Published: May 2023

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) 2013 decision to lower recommended Ambien dosing for women has been widely cited as a hallmark example of the importance of sex differences in biomedicine. Using regulatory documents, scientific publications, and media coverage, this article analyzes the making of this highly influential and mobile ‘sex-difference fact’. As we show, the FDA’s decision was a contingent outcome of the drug approval process. Attending to how a contested sex-difference fact came to anchor elite women’s health advocacy, this article excavates the role of regulatory processes, advocacy groups, and the media in producing perceptions of scientific agreement while foreclosing ongoing debate, ultimately enabling the stabilization of a binary, biological sex-difference fact and the distancing of this fact from its conditions of construction.
Continuation of telework in the post-pandemic era: Healthcare employees’ preference and determinants
Authors: Jones Andrea M. , Fan Jonathan , Thomas-Olson Leah , Zhang Wei , McLeod Christopher B.
Published: May 2023

Now in the post-pandemic era, healthcare employers and leaders must navigate decisions around use of telework arrangements made popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among healthcare employees who teleworked during the pandemic, this study investigates preference to continue teleworking post-pandemic and the determinants of this preference. An overwhelming majority (99%) preferred to continue teleworking to some degree and the majority (52%) preferred to telework for all work hours. Healthcare employers should consider that most employees who teleworked during the pandemic prefer to continue teleworking for most or all work hours, and that hybrid work arrangements are especially important for clinical telework employees. In addition to space and resource allocation, management considerations include supports to promote productivity, work-life balance, and effective virtual communication while teleworking to promote positive employee health, recruitment, and retention outcomes.
Violence-Related Death in Young Australians After Contact With the Youth Justice System: A Data Linkage Study
Authors: Willoughby Melissa , Young Jesse T. , Borschmann Rohan , Spittal Matthew J. , Keen Claire , Hail-Jares Katie , Patton George , Sawyer Susan M. , Kinner Stuart A.
Published: May 2023

Little is known outside of the United States about the risk of violence-related death among young people who have had contact with the youth justice system (justice-involved young people). We examined violence-related deaths among justice-involved young people in Queensland, Australia. In this study, youth justice records for 48,647 young people (10–18 years at baseline) who were charged, or experienced a community-based order or youth detention in Queensland, Australia (1993–2014) were probabilistically linked with death, coroner, and adult correctional records (1993–2016). We calculated violence-related crude mortality rates (CMRs) and age- and sex-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). We constructed a cause-specific Cox regression model to identify predictors of violence-related deaths. Of 1,328 deaths in the cohort, 57 (4%) were from violence. The violence-related CMR was 9.5 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] [7.4, 12.4]) and the SMR was 6.8 [5.3, 8.9]. Young Indigenous people had a greater risk of violence-related death than non-Indigenous people (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR] 2.5; [1.5, 4.4]). Young people who experienced detention had more than twice the risk of violence-related death than those who were charged only (csHR 2.5; [1.2, 5.3]). We found that justice-involved young people have a risk of dying from violence that far exceeds that of the general population. The rate of violence-related death found in this study is lower than that in U.S.-based studies, which most likely reflects lower population level firearm violence in Australia. In Australia, young Indigenous people and those released from detention appear key groups to target for violence prevention efforts.
Baseline Differences in Driving Frequency as a Predictor of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Miller Luke R. , Reed Christopher , Divers Ross , Calamia Matthew
Published: May 2023

Objective

To extend prior research by examining daily driving frequency as a predictor of cognitive decline and later diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods

1,426 older adults completed batteries of questionnaires and neuropsychological tests at baseline and yearly follow-ups (M = 6.8, SD = 4.9). Linear mixed effects models were estimated to examine whether daily driving frequency at baseline was predictive of cognitive decline while accounting for IADLs, mobility, depression, and demographics. Cox regression was used to examine driving frequency as a predictor of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.

Results

Less daily driving frequency was associated with greater decline in all cognitive domains over time except for working memory. Although driving frequency was associated with these changes in cognition, it did not uniquely predict the development of Alzheimer’s disease when accounting for other factors (eg, other IADLs).

Conclusions

Our findings extend prior research linking driving cessation to greater levels of cognitive decline. Future work might benefit from examining the utility of driving habits (especially changes in driving) as measures of everyday functioning in older adult evaluations.