bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Interpretations of Large Uncertain and Hyper Language Models: Advancing Natural Uncertain and Hyper Language Processing
Authors: Fujita Takaaki
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the integration of uncertainty frameworks such as Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic sets into Large Language Models (LLMs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). We propose novel models, including Large Uncertain Language Models and Natural Uncertain Language Processing, to enhance linguistic representations and processing capabilities. Furthermore, we extend the theoretical foundation of LLMs and NLP by incorporating Hyperstructures and Superhyperstructures, enabling higher-order generalizations and hierarchical modeling. These advancements provide new perspectives for addressing uncertainty and complexity in language understanding and processing. While the paper focuses on theoretical generalizations, practical validation through computational experiments remains an important direction for future work.
Random key-press generation: Supplementary data and analysis.
Authors: Towse John Nicholas
Published: December 2024

In a series of 4 experiments, Towse (1998) described the performance of adult participants intheir attempts at producing random sequences under various conditions. When the task wasto produce random numbers orally (Experiment 1), there was a consistent effect of responsespeed and set size on different indices of performance. When the task was to produce key-presses (Experiment 2), task effects were weaker, and indeed there was no significant effect ofspeed or set size for R and RNG measures. The implied difference between responsemodality was confirmed in Experiment 3, where number and key-press resonses werecompared directly at two set size configurations. Nonetheless, there is an issue ofreplicability (especially for a null effect), and to an extent of generalisability (do all key-presstasks behave in this way?). The following experiment examines this issue; participants wereasked to produce random key-press sequences using a single row of responses, where thisrow comprised 10 or 15 keys.
Perceptual Distortions in PredNet and Quantification of Top-down / Bottom-up Flow
Authors: Kojima Hiroki , Suzuki Keisuke , Yamashita Yuichi
Published: December 2024

Perceptual distortions are widely observed in various psychiatric diseases, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Recent Bayesian models of psychiatric disorders and learning disabilities propose a general theory grounded on the concept of "aberrant precision." However, these models have yet to be used as phenomenological models for visual distortions because previous models usually only deal with a low-dimensional input with Laplace approximation. Such assumptions are necessary for precision to be well defined; otherwise, the explanation based on aberrant precision was hardly applicable. This study addresses these limitations using the predictive coding-based deep neural network PredNet and a new analysis method inspired by the precision account using the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC). We found that the visual distortion happened when trained with more extended temporal contexts, which was mitigated when we increased the weight of the prediction error of the top layer. From HSIC analysis, we showed that this weight increase enhanced the top-down information flow in prediction, which led to an enhanced ability to capture global features of the visual input, such as rotation and average brightness and hue.
A developmental study of random generation in children
Authors: Towse John Nicholas
Published: December 2024

Random generation is a complex task, and is affected by several aspects ofresponse configuration. For example, among adult subjects, the number of responsealternatives affects response sequences; a larger set size leads to response alternativesbeing sampled with uneven probabilities. This effect has been attributed to therequirement to maintain an internal representation of all response choicessimultaneously, based on the finding that the visual provision of response alternativesremoves the set size effect in random number generation (Towse, 1998). It is ofinterest, then, to establish whether children are also affected by changes in the numberof response alternatives.
Serotonin ohne Ende oder Eucharistie? Warum die Moderne das Opfern wiedererlernen sollte
Authors: Miller Noëlle
Published: December 2024

Der Artikel versucht in Bezug auf das Thema Grenzenlosigkeit zu zeigen, dass die Opfergabe auf individueller, wie auf kollektiver Ebene im Zentrum von Michel Houellebecqs Roman Serotonin steht. Wie immer ex negativo, also indem der Protagonist darin scheitert, den Sohn am Kreuz zu opfern, zeigt Houellebecq, dass die Anamnesis der Sterblichkeit den Menschen individuell erlösen und auch auf politischer Ebene zu einer sozialeren, gerechteren und nachhaltigeren Ökonomie führen könnte.
Avances en la prevención y manejo del cáncer cervical
Authors: Galdós Kajatt Oscar , Romero José Pacheco
Published: December 2024

De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud(1), el cáncer de cue-llo uterino es el cuarto cáncer más común en mujeres a nivel mundial,
con alrededor de 660,000 nuevos casos y aproximadamente 350,000muertes en 2022, con las tasas más altas de incidencia en los países deingresos bajos y medianos. En estos países existe falta de acceso a lavacunación contra el virus papiloma humano (VPH), el cribado cervicaly los servicios de tratamiento, resultado de los determinantes sociales yeconómicos conocidos. Y lo más importante, el cáncer de cuello uterino
puede ser prevenido o curarse si se le diagnostica en una etapa tempra-na y es tratado de inmediato.
La cesárea y posibles repercusiones en la madre y el niño. Reflexiones desde la experiencia
Authors: Romero José Pacheco
Published: December 2024

La intervención cesárea ha evolucionado en el tiempo hasta convertirse en unprocedimiento seguro para salvar la vida de la madre y/o el feto ante una alteraciónde su salud. Por otra parte, la mujer ha adquirido autonomía sobre su propiasalud, y puede decidir la forma de terminar embarazo. Pero, también se conoce larealización de cesáreas por razones médicas no justificables. En el presente artículose presenta algunas de las complicaciones inmediatas y mediatas de la cesáreaen la salud de la mujer y el neonato, las cuales la gestante debe conocer antes defirmar un consentimiento informado, incluso en casos de gravedad y que requieranla intervención quirúrgica inmediata. El médico ginecobstetra y el médico generaldeben estar actualizados para la mejor decisión.
تطور علم مقاصد الشريعة عبر التاريخ الإسلامي
Authors: Sari Hannan , Al-Khayrabadi Mohammed Abullais
Published: December 2024

علم مقاصد الشريعة علم عظيم الأثر جليل القدر، ووُجدت منذ عصر النبي r والصحابة والتابعين، حتى عصرنا هذا. ومقاصد الشريعة لم تظهر إلى الوجود دفعة واحدة، ولكنها مرت بمراحل متتابعة، حتى وصلت إلى مرحلة التدوين والتبويب بالصورة المعهودة الآن. ولم يبدأ النظر في المقاصد بمعناه العلمي المتعارف عليه إلا في القرن الرابع فما بعده عند ثلة من العلماء. وأبرز من كتب في هذا الفن كتابة مركزة: إمام الحرمين الجويني في كتابه البرهان في أصول الفقه، ثم الإمام الغزالي في كتابه المستصفى في أصول الفقه، ثم الإمام العز بن عبد السلام في كتابه قواعد الأحكام في مصالح الأنام، والشاطبي في الموافقات وهو العمدة في مقاصد الشريعة، ثم ابن عاشور في كتابه مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، وهو رائد مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية في العصر الحديث. وفي إطار الجهود التجديدية والمبادرات الاجتهادية والإصلاحية للفكر الإسلامي والعلوم الإسلامية، يأتي الاهتمام المتزايد بمقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية؛ لأنها تمثل ثوابت الإسلام وأسسه العقدية والتشريعية. فهي تمثل عنصر الثبات والوحدة والانسجام لحركة الفكر الإسلامي في مختلف قضاياه وجوانبه. وما زالت العناية بمقاصد الشريعة والإقبال على طلبها في تزايد مستمر، حتى إنه يمكن اليوم التحدث عن صحوة مقاصدية في مجال العلوم الشرعية والدراسات الإسلامية والفكر الإسلامي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: مقاصد الشريعة، التاريخ الإسلامي، تطور العلم، الفكر الإسلامي
EDITORIAL
Authors: Aniza Abu Bakar  , Aniza Abu Bakar
Published: December 2024

Editorial for Volume 11 Issue 2
EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF URBAN FORM ON THE THERMAL COMFORT OF STREET CANYONS IN TEHRAN: A CASE STUDY OF NARMAK NEIGHBOURHOOD
Authors: Salmanian Mohammadhassan , Mousavi Mirhassan , Nasirimehr Parisa , Takhmiri Hedieh , Binti Ujang Norsidah , Fairuz Shahidan Mohd , Binti Dahlan Nur Dalilah
Published: December 2024

As urbanization advances, the emphasis on outdoor spaces grows, highlighting poor thermal balance as a detrimental factor in achieving comfort within densely populated urban structures. Consequently, an urgent imperative exists to evaluate and optimize urban morphology to ensure sufficient outdoor thermal comfort. This study assesses the thermal efficiency of residential areas in Narmak, Tehran, Iran, with the primary goal of enhancing thermal comfort, specifically the PET, and discerning optimal urban layouts. Employing computational simulation techniques, this investigation meticulously examines urban design variables that influence outdoor thermal comfort, encompassing street direction, enclosure, building forms’ typology, and tree planting. The research findings unveil that the orientation of street canyons exerts the most significant influence at 39.12%, closely followed by the aspect ratio at 36.78%. Remarkably, within the considered climatic components such as air temperature, wind speed, and humidity, tree planting emerges as the most influential factor impacting outdoor thermal comfort in this case study. These analytical outcomes furnish valuable insights into the contextual design of elements that influence the thermal comfort of outdoor open spaces.
REVITALIZING KELANTAN MALAY TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE: THE ADAPTATION OF MALAY TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE DESIGN FEATURES IN KELANTAN TO MODERN CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL SCHEME
Authors: Abdul Razak Nur Shafiqah binti , Sabil Azmal Bin
Published: December 2024

The highlighted issue in reforming traditional Malaysian architecture into modern contemporary architectural design is maintaining the cultural and historical integrity of traditional Malaysian architecture elements while adapting them to meet contemporary architecture's functional, aesthetic, and sustainability demands. This paper examines the possibility of adapting traditional Kelantanese Malay architectural elements into modern contemporary architectural design, emphasizing the preservation of key features that reflect the region's rich cultural and historical identity. Distinctive components such as entrance gates (pintu gerbang), decorative wall panels (dinding janda berhias), major pillars (tiang seri), and handcrafted details are highlighted, alongside the symbolic and aesthetic significance of ekor itik (duck tail end gables), kayu tunjuk langit (sky-pointing beams) and buah butung (beautiful finials). In terms of sustainable design approach, the features of tebuk tembus (pierced carvings) enhance ventilation and light penetration. The study's objectives involve documenting notable examples of traditional Kelantanese buildings, analyzing their design features, and proposing a framework for incorporating these elements into modern architecture. Methodologically, the research employs case studies of selected buildings to examine their architectural features, spatial layouts, material choices, and cultural significance. The findings suggest that architectural elements like pierced carvings (tebuk tembus), decorative panels, and finials (buah butung) can seamlessly integrate into modern contemporary architectural design. Ultimately, the paper advocates revitalizing Kelantanese Malay architecture through a balanced synthesis of tradition and modernity.
Wound contraction and epithelisation effects of Acrostichum aureum L. in rabbits
Authors: Herman Hendy Putra , Susanti Deny , Saad Shahbudin , Taher Muhammad , Ramli Norazsida
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Rhizomes paste from Acrostichum aureum Linné was used traditionally by Malays ethnic groups in Malaysia for wound healing treatment. To evaluate wound healing properties of aqueous and ethanolic extract of A. aureum on rabbits. Materials and methods: There were four treatments namely aqueous extracts of rhizomes, leaves and stems A. aureum with low and high dose (5 % and 10 %). There were four rabbits in three treatment groups with each individual were inflicted with excisional wounds on their back near the neck with 6 mm in diameter. Topical treatment was applied once daily until complete healing with Solcoseryl jelly served as positive control group and blank aqua cream served as negative control group. The percentage period of epithelisation and wound contraction were measured every 3 days interval. At day 15, all healed wound specimens were biopsied and stained with Masson’s trichrome staining for histopathological study. Results and discussion: From the results, all extracts from A. aureum possessed tannins and total tannin content showed that ethanolic extracts had higher total tannin content compared to aqueous extracts. Based on percentage wound contraction and epithelisation period, the treatment with 5 % aqueous extracts of leaves A. aureum was the most effective wound healing agent in enhancing higher percentage wound contraction, rapid epithelisation period, producing more collagens and fibroblasts proliferation. Conclusion: It was suggested that wound healing properties of rhizomes and leaves A. aureum was contributed by its high total tannin content. This finding would be able to justify its traditional claim as wound healing treatment by Malays communities in Malaysia.
PROLIFERATION CONTROL METHODS IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY COMPLICATIONS
Authors:   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Petrachkov D.V. , Filippov V.M. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Baryshev K.V. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Sidamonidze A.L. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a complex of complications of diabetes mellitus characterized by fibrovascular proliferation. The predominant role in the development of PDR is given to neoangiogenesis processes occurring with the participation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The lack of a unified concept of measures to prevent proliferation in PDR after vitreoretinal surgery determines the relevance of the work.
Aim. To evaluate the impact of proliferation control methods – intraoperative retinal laser coagulation (RLC) and the use of angiogenesis inhibitors (AI) – on the results and incidence of complications in surgical treatment of PDR.
Materials and methods. The study analyzed 264 cases (264 eyes) of surgical treatment of PDR complications. Patients were divided into 6 comparable groups depending on the type of intraoperative methods of proliferation control used – panretinal or peripheral laser coagulation of the retina, AI or their combinations.
Results. Anatomical and functional results and complication rates in the groups in the early postoperative period were comparable. In the late postoperative period, the best functional results and the lowest complication rates were observed in the group with combined use of AI and peripheral RLC. Macular edema was more often detected in patients in the groups without RLC and AI, and with isolated use of panretinal RLC; rubeosis and neovascular glaucoma – in the same groups, and in the group with isolated use of AI .
Conclusion. The most effective strategy was the combined use of intraoperative administration of AI and peripheral RLC.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DETERMINING INDIVIDUAL SEROLOGICAL MARKERS OF CHLAMYDIA PNEUMONIAE AND MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kukhtinova N.V. , Kebak V.A. ,   Vector-Best JSC, Novosibirsk, Russia, Dvoryanchikova T.G. ,   Vector-Best JSC, Novosibirsk, Russia, Likhanov A.V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Zakrevskaya R.M. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Latushkina О.А. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Mezhevich N.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) are becoming one of the leading etiologic pathogens in the spectrum of respiratory tract pathology in children. Therefore, research in the field of increasing the effectiveness of early laboratory diagnosis of these infections is of particular relevance.
Aim of research. To determine the diagnostic value of identifying different classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in patients with acute and exacerbation of chronic diseases of the respiratory tract in comparison with a control group of children without respiratory manifestations.
Materials and methods. In a retrospective study, a detection of specific antibodies of classes A, M and G to M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae was carried out in 848 children hospitalized for various respiratory diseases, as well as in 336 children referred for preventive examination as a control. The ELISA method was used for serological diagnostics.
Results. The total number of positive results of the tested sera was 55% (38% and 17%, respectively) in the group with acute and chronic diseases, which confirms the high etiological significance of mycoplasma and chlamydial infections in the region. Analysis of cases of seropositivity depending on the age and variant of clinical manifestation of respiratory tract infection revealed significant differences. The largest number of seropositive samples was detected in the group of school-age patients – the percentage amounted to almost 39% for C. pneumoniae IgA and 33% for M. pneumoniae IgA.
Conclusion. Accurate diagnosis of atypical infections is critical for timely administration of etiotropic therapy to prevent complicated and protracted respiratory diseases. The use of molecular diagnostic methods is a priority. The study of specific antibodies to C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae has an advantage for diagnostics in case of hard-to-reach localization of the focus of biomaterial collection for PCR (bronchitis, pneumonia) and protracted course of the infectious process. The greatest diagnostic value for confirmation of both C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae infections in children over 36 month of age have specific antibodies of class A; their determination should be necessarily included into the examination complex. An isolated study of class M antibodies can lead to loss of diagnosis in 2/3 of patients.
OSTEOPOROSIS IN CROHN'S DISEASE (A LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Zhargalova G.M. ,   Regional Oncology Dispensary, Irkutsk, Russia, Seliverstov P.V. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Shedoeva L.R. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology; Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Winner of the “Mark of the Honor” Award
Published: December 2024

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology which is characterized not only by damage to the gastrointestinal tract, but also by various extraintestinal manifestations. One of the extraintestinal manifestations not associated with the activity of the process is osteoporosis, the etiopathogenesis of which has not been fully studied. Complications associated with osteoporosis in the form of fractures of bone structures can worsen the condition of patients, lead to disability and death among both the elderly and the young, working-age population. A decrease in bone mineral density in Crohn's disease is a known, but insufficiently studied extraintestinal complication which receives little attention from specialists in different countries, including Russia. Screening, diagnosis and treatment are currently focused mainly on individuals with idiopathic and postmenopausal osteoporosis, but these methods cannot be applied to patients with inflammatory bowel disease due to differences in age group and pathophysiology of bone loss.
This review aims to highlight the currently available information on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in Crohn's disease.
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE-DYSTROPHIC DISEASES OF THE SPINE
Authors:   Irkutsk  State Medical University, Kirilenko Е.А. , Byvaltsev V.А. ,   Irkutsk  State Medical University; Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine” of Irkutsk, Irkutsk, Russia, Sysin S.А. ,   Irkutsk  State Medical University; Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Winner of the “Mark of the Honor” Award, Stasiv O.V. ,   Irkutsk  State Medical University; Clinical Hospital “Russian Railways-Medicine” of Irkutsk, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: December 2024

Erection difficulties are experienced by every fifth man under 40 years of age and every second man aged 40 to 60 years. Erectile dysfunction (ED), the development of which is based on neurological disorders, is called neurogenic. The diversity and multiplicity of neurological pathologies, the complex multi-level structural hierarchy of the nervous regulation of sexual function in men distinguish this form from others and greatly complicate the diagnosis of neurogenic causes of the disease, therefore, neurogenic mechanisms of ED are often underestimated and not recognized. ED is a fairly common companion of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine (DDDS) in men of sexually active age which can significantly negatively affect the quality of life. However, there are few researches devoted to the study of erectile function in patients with DDDS. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze and summarize the works revealing the contribution of neurogenic mechanisms to the formation of ED in this category of men. The presented information increases the awareness of related specialists on this issue, allows to recognize in time the cause-and-effect relationship between the development of sexual dysfunction and the underlying disease, and therefore contributes to increasing the effectiveness of treatment and timely sexual rehabilitation of such patients.
POSSIBILITIES OF ENDOSCOPIC BOTULINUM TOXIN THERAPY IN BARIATRICS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Kim D.A. ,   Medical Center Avicenna, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Treatment of obesity requires the search for new safe and minimally invasive procedures. Gastric botox therapy may be an alternative method of weight correction.
Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic botulinum toxin therapy in bariatric patients.
Methods. A prospective controlled study was performed on 32 patients with pre-obesity and obesity of varying degrees who underwent endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin into the fundus of the stomach. A dynamic assessment of the subjective status and objective data, including body weight, daily consumption data and laboratory data was performed.
Results. The greatest decrease in body weight was observed in patients with morbid obesity, whose average weight loss was 12.4% relative to baseline values. At the same time, the decrease in body weight in patients with pre-obesity and obesity of grades I and II was 4, 5 and 6.4%, respectively. The average daily calorie intake was significantly reduced already in the first week after the procedure and was significantly lower throughout the follow-up period relative to baseline data. Clinical and laboratory assessment did not reveal any significant complications or toxic effects of the procedure.
Conclusion. The procedure of endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin into the fundus of the stomach is a safe and effective method of weight correction, especially for patients with extreme obesity as part of preoperative preparation for bariatric intervention.
Experience of using a copper vapor laser at a wavelength of 578 nm in the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum: a case report series
Authors:   Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ponomarev I.V. , Topchiy S.B. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Klyuchareva S.V. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Vlasov P.G. ,   Clinic of Phlebology, Plastic Surgery and Laser Cosmetology “Perm Phlebocenter”, Perm, Russia
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a marked cosmetic defect and leads to reduced quality of life in patients. Non-selective technologies (for example, radiofrequency exposure and the use of ablative lasers) can lead to scarring, eyelash loss and severe functional disorders of the eye (including incomplete eyelid closure) because of insufficient skin thickness.
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of xanthelasma palpebrarum treatment with copper vapor laser radiation under dermatoscopy control.
Materials and methods. Treatment of grade I–IV xanthelasma palpebrarum was performed in 47 fair-skinned women and men aged 28–72 years. The procedures were performed using a copper vapor laser at an average power of 0.6–0.8 W, wavelength 578 nm, exposure time 0.2 s, and spot diameter 1 mm. The maximum discoloring to gray of the xanthelasma surface was the criterion for laser pulse energy selection. The treatment was performed in one session under dermatoscopy control of treatment uniformity.
Results. Treatment with a copper vapor laser allowed complete removal of xanthelasma palpebrarum areas in all patients, including IV degree, without recurrence within 24 months after the treatment.
Conclusion. The use of copper vapor laser radiation at a wavelength of 578 nm provided excellent results for the xanthelasma palpebrarum treatment without side effects. The use of dermatoscopy improved the result of laser application and prevented treatment recurrences.
Development of a Decision Support System for University Administration: Integrating Business Process Management and Multidimensional Data Analysis
Authors: Ergun Hakan
Published: December 2024

The paper provides an overview of decision support systems to demonstrate their role in supporting decision-making in university administration. Enhancing university performance and modernizing university administration must be top priorities for university leaders and decision-makers since quality is the foundation that supports innovation. Good decision-making is the first step towards efficiency and quality in the academic setting. The article’s main topic is developing IT solutions to support decision-making business processes of student admission. By utilizing models of university business processes and applying business intelligence principles, with the support of multidimensional data analysis, it can be effectively introduced and integrated. The study attempts to provide selection criteria for selecting a development environment for creating a support system focused on university management based on data from the student information system database and the author’s personal experience. The contributions include creating OLAP analytical models and a data warehouse model to support university managerial decisions.
Data lakes: Opportunities, Challenges, Threats and Ways to Mitigate Them
Authors: Janelidze Gulnara , Aptsiauri Ia , Tsitashvili Lela
Published: December 2024

Data lakes, which collect and store huge amounts of structured and unstructured data, are currently one of the most important technological tools. Their structure differs from traditional databases, as they are more flexible and allow organizations to store diverse data in a single repository for further processing and analysis. Their use is advisable in many fields, ranging from business and science to public administration. However, the rapid development of data lakes presents new challenges. The paper presents the key characteristics of data lakes and data warehouses, along with a comparative analysis. It discusses the opportunities for using data lakes, which are related to the diversity of the data stored within them. The main stages of data mining from lakes are presented. The strengths of using data lakes are also described. The paper places great emphasis on analyzing the risks associated with data lakes and proposes ways to mitigate them and the future prospects of data lakes are presented. The paper places significant emphasis on analyzing the risks associated with data lakes and proposes ways to mitigate them. Future perspectives for data lakes are also presented. Working with data lakes is a complex but important process. With the right approach and consideration of the challenges outlined in this paper, organizations will be able to maximize the potential of data lakes and gain competitive advantages.
Comparative Effectiveness of Blended Teaching Models with Micro-Teaching Assistants in Clinical Pharmacokinetics Education
Authors: Xiaofang Zhang , Jianyu Zhou , Ji Li , Jian Yang
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of micro-teaching assistants within a hybrid online-offline teaching framework in the context of clinical pharmacokinetics education.Material and Methods: A total of 320 clinical pharmacy students participated, with 143 students from earlier cohorts forming the control group and 177 students from the 2019 and 2020 batches comprising of the observation group. Traditional teaching methodologies instructed the control group, while the observation group benefited from a novel, blended teaching approach incorporating micro-teaching assistants. The evaluation criteria encompassed theoretical knowledge acquisition, practical skill development, pass rates, and score distribution.Results: This investigation into clinical pharmacokinetics education demonstrates the superiority of a blended teaching model, enhanced by micro-teaching assistants, over traditional methodologies. The observation group, utilizing this approach, displayed a significant 15% increase in theoretical knowledge scores, maintained high practical skill levels, alongside achieving a 94.9% pass rate, markedly surpassing the control group’s 91.6%. Feedback from students corroborated the model’s effectiveness, with satisfaction scores exceeding 4.8 out of 5; despite potential respondent bias. Notably, the application of micro-teaching assistants was most pronounced in Pharmacology, highlighting its value in teaching complex theoretical content, and advocating for expanded use in medical education.Conclusion: This study concludes that the integration of micro-teaching assistants into blended teaching strategies for clinical pharmacokinetics significantly improves educational outcomes. This approach not only facilitates a more effective learning environment but also underscores the potential of innovative pedagogical tools in enhancing student performance, and comprehension in complex subjects.
The Role of Slang Words in Enhancing Informal English Communication Skills
Authors: Firmansyah M. Arjun Khoirudin , Zainuddin M. , Lestari Iin Widya
Published: December 2024

Slang represents a dynamic and informal aspect of language, often reflecting cultural identity and creativity. This study examines the types and meanings of slang words used in six episodes of the Wednesday series (2022), aiming to explore their linguistic and pedagogical significance. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on Miles and Huberman’s content analysis framework, the study categorizes slang words into four types: coinage, blending, clipping, and acronyms. Coinage emerged as the most frequently used type, contributing to the series' authenticity and narrative depth, while blending, clipping, and acronyms provided linguistic variety. The findings highlight the potential of popular media as a resource for EFL learning, offering learners exposure to authentic informal communication. Slang enhances vocabulary acquisition, listening comprehension, and cultural understanding, making it a valuable tool for bridging formal education and real-world language use. However, the study’s scope is limited to six episodes, leaving room for future research to explore additional contexts and pedagogical outcomes. This research underscores the relevance of incorporating media into language instruction, providing practical insights for educators and learners. By analyzing the interplay between slang and media, the study contributes to applied linguistics and supports innovative approaches in EFL pedagogy.
From Strangers to Sun Bleached Flies: A Speech Act Analysis in Ethel Cain’s Lyrics
Authors: Syahrir Muthia Amalia , Hasbi Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore the use of speech acts in Ethel Cain's Strangers and Sun Bleached Flies from her acclaimed album Preacher's Daughter. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research design that focuses on the analysis of Searle's speech act classification—declaratives, representatives, directives, expressives, and commissives—to uncover how Cain conveys complex emotional narratives related to trauma, identity, and familial relationships. This research uses library research to collect data from the lyrics of two of Ethel Cain’s selected songs, Strangers and Sun Bleached Flies. The data analysis process aligns with typical approaches in speech act analysis within linguistics, particularly in contexts where John Searle's taxonomy is applied to literary or artistic works like song lyrics. The findings reveal that speech acts are very useful for deciphering the complex meaning of music lyrics and suggest that Cain's nuanced use of language not only enhances the emotional depth of her music but also invites listeners to engage with themes of vulnerability and resilience. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of contemporary songwriting as a form of expressive communication.
Wezezen, Wiżeny, Wizuny…, czyli rzecz o pochodzeniu nazwy Wiżajny
Authors: Guzewicz Wojciech , Moszczyński Leszek
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on explaining the origin of the name Wiżajny. The origin of the name Wiżajny is not clear. To this day, there are ongoing discussions among academics, but not only, on the etymology, origin or first use of this word. The earliest mention of Wiżajny most likely comes from the Middle Ages, from a Teutonic document describing a road leading from Insterburg Castle towards Lake Wisztynieckie and Lake Wiżajny (the name: Wezezen appears then). Other names can be found in sources from 1549 (Wiżeny) and 1606 (Wizuny). In turn, the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries already gives the name Wiżajny. Although the origin of the name Wiżajny is not entirely certain, the fact that these lands were inhabited by Yotvingian tribes is no longer in doubt. The historical past of the peoples of the Wiżajny land is a reason for the justified pride of the inhabitants of their small homeland. Let this cultural heritage unite the local community, strengthen and build the identity of the place where you live.
Rola AI w militaryzacji kosmosu
Authors: Drapata Anastazja
Published: December 2024

Abstract:AI is a crucial technology in the space and military industries due to its precision and ability to learn rapidly, enabling higher efficiency compared to traditional warfare. However, its application in constructing space warfare systems has sparked controversy, particularly concerning the regulatory framework and the high risk of errors, which could lead to significant international liability. The increasing militarization of space raises ethical and legal concerns about the use of AI as a foundational technology for space warfare, potentially violating the principles of peaceful and open space use as outlined in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. To address these issues, an analysis of AI's use in space warfare was conducted. Traditional legal reasoning, linguistic interpretation, and comparative methods were employed to reconstruct the norms governing the permissible use of AI technology, with a focus on diplomatic documents and UN-issued regulations.
Fakultatywne zawieszenie postępowania w sprawach ustalenia warunków zabudowy a stan zaawansowania prac planistycznych
Authors: Dobkowska Bogusława , Ziniewicz Monika
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problematykę fakultatywnego zawieszenia postępowania administracyjnego w sprawie ustalenia warunków zabudowy w świetle art. 62 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym z perspektywy stopnia zaawansowania prac planistycznych nad projektem miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego, w odniesieniu do którego nie istnieje ustawowy obowiązek jego sporządzenia. Autorzy opisują w szczególności istotę zawieszenia postępowania, wyjaśniają jego fakultatywny charakter, a także wskazują organy właściwe do wydania decyzji administracyjnej oraz współdziałania w zakresie procedury planistycznej. Celem opracowania jest przybliżenie zakresu prac planistycznych w oparciu o wymogi prawne oraz próba scharakteryzowania stopnia ich zaawansowania, jako jednej z okoliczności uzasadniającej zawieszenie postępowania. Autorzy z wykorzystaniem metody dogmatyczno-prawnej i elementów funkcjonalizmu prawniczego w oparciu o orzecznictwo sądów administracyjnych dociekają co składa się na ocenę stopnia zaawansowania prac planistycznych.
Stanje onečišćenja morskih školjkaša mikroplastikom
Authors: Bogdanović Tanja , Petričević Sandra , Listeš Irena , Listeš Eddy , Sokolić Darja , Pleadin Jelka , Kvrgić Kristina , Jažo Zvonimir
Published: December 2024

Praćenjem stanja okoliša putem mjerenja sadržaja različitih onečišćujućih tvari (kontaminanata) u školjkašima ujedno se mogu pratiti biološke promjene i štetni učinci onečišćujućih tvari kojima su ti organizmi izloženi te se može procijeniti utjecaj ljudskih aktivnosti na određeni ekosustav. Akumulacija različitih onečišćujućih tvari u školjkašima namijenjenim za prehranu je stalna opasnost za ljude, kao potrošače na vrhu hranidbenog lanca. Mikroplastika je složeni kontaminant, koji uključuje vrlo širok skup čestica koje u procjeni rizika zbog njihove iznimne raznolikosti (veličina, oblik, topljivost, sastav polimera, adsorbirane kemikalije, biološki materijal, itd.) predstavljaju jedinstveni izazov. Glavni razlog opasnosti konzumacije školjkaša leži u biologiji njihovog organizma budući se oni hrane filtriranjem vode ili mora u kojem se uzgajaju ili prirodno žive, nakupljajući u svom organizmu različite tvari iz okoline. U razumijevanju kemijskog rizika mikroplastike koristi se model profila polimera, odnosno toksičnosti njihovih monomera. Nesumnjivo, analiza mikroplastike uključuje uz kemijsku karakterizaciju i određivanje ukupnog broja čestica kako bi se procijenila izloženost ljudi mikroplastici temeljem podataka o prehrambenim navikama ciljane populacije. U ovom radu dan je pregled literaturnih spoznaja o istraživanjima mikroplastike u dvoljušturnim mekušcima, kemijskoj karakterizaciji mikroplastike i pojavnosti u različitim vrstama školjkaša.
Urząd do Spraw Wyznań w świetle najnowszych badań naukowych
Authors: Łatka Rafał
Published: December 2024

Poniższy tekst ma za zadanie przedstawić najnowsze badania naukowe dotyczące Urzędu do Spraw Wyznań. Przeanalizowano w nim najważniejsze publikacje naukowe dotyczące tej problematyki jakie ukazały się w latach 2018–2024. Omówiono opracowania poświęcone strukturom centralnym, agendom wojewódzkim, jak i teksty o charakterze biograficznym. W ostatniej części artykułu wskazano najważniejsze kierunki, w których powinny być prowadzone dalsze badania. Zwrócono uwagę, iż od 2018 r. nastąpił bardzo istotny wzrost zainteresowania badaczy (zarówno historyków, jak i prawników) problematyką funkcjonowania urzędu. Ukazały się m.in. nowatorskie prace na temat aktywności międzynarodowej aparatu wyznaniowego oraz szereg publikacji poświęconych strukturom wojewódzkim urzędu. Dalsze badania powinny zmierzać w kierunku większego zainteresowania centralą Urzędu do Spraw Wyznań i biografiami osób pełniących w urzędzie funkcje kierownicze. Potrzebne są również syntezy badań nad poszczególnymi wydziałami do spraw wyznań.
Dopuszczalne różnicowanie sytuacji pracowników ze względu na religię, wyznanie lub światopogląd
Authors: Czuryk Małgorzata
Published: December 2024

Wierzący i niewierzący mają równe prawa w życiu państwowym, politycznym, gospodarczym, społecznym i kulturalnym. Jakakolwiek dyskryminacja z powodu religii lub przekonań w sprawach religii jest zakazana. Zakaz ten obowiązuje również w ramach stosunków pracy. Wyjątek od zasady nieróżnicowania pracowników ze względu na religię, wyznanie lub światopogląd w prawie polskim został określony w art. 183b § 4 Kodeksu pracy. Zgodnie z nim nie stanowi naruszenia zasady równego traktowania ograniczanie przez kościoły i inne związki wyznaniowe, a także organizacje, których etyka opiera się na religii, wyznaniu lub światopoglądzie, dostępu do zatrudnienia, ze względu na religię, wyznanie lub światopogląd, jeżeli rodzaj lub charakter wykonywania działalności przez kościoły i inne związki wyznaniowe, a także organizacje powoduje, że religia, wyznanie lub światopogląd są rzeczywistym i decydującym wymaganiem zawodowym stawianym pracownikowi, proporcjonalnym do osiągnięcia zgodnego z prawem celu zróżnicowania sytuacji tej osoby. Odnosi się to również do wymagania od pracowników działania w dobrej wierze i lojalności wobec etyki kościoła, innego związku wyznaniowego bądź organizacji światopoglądowej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest refleksja nad dopuszczalnością różnicowania pracowników ze względu na religię, wyznanie lub światopogląd. Wymaga to wskazania podmiotów, które uprawnione są do stosowania tego swoistego kontratypu oraz kryteriów jego stosowania. Konieczne jest również zwrócenie uwagi na pojawiającą się kolizję praw przysługujących każdej osobie (pracownikowi) z prawem kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych oraz organizacji, których etyka opiera się na religii, wyznaniu lub światopoglądzie (pracodawców) w procesie zatrudnienia oraz na sposób rozwiązywania tej kolizji. Dla zachowania równowagi między prawami stron stosunku pracy i przeciwdziałania nadużyciom konieczne jest zagwarantowanie możliwości weryfikacji przez sąd, czy prawidłowo zastosowano kryteria kontratypu w konkretnym stanie faktycznym. Przy rozstrzyganiu pojawiających się w tym zakresie kolizji praw sądy powinny mieć na względzie zarówno prawa indywidualne pracowników, jak i gwarancje oraz prawa kościołów i innych związków wyznaniowych, a także organizacji światopoglądowych.
Model finansowania wspólnot religijnych oparty na asygnacie podatkowej. Geneza i rozwój
Authors: Bernaciński Łukasz
Published: December 2024

Artykuł prezentuje historyczne okoliczności stworzenia instrumentu finansowania wspólnot religijnych ze środków publicznych, jakim jest asygnata podatkowa, a także proces rozwoju tegoż rozwiązania na przestrzeni lat w kolejnych państwach europejskich. Nacisk położono na zbadanie trendów rozwojowych widocznych w konstrukcji asygnaty podatkowej na rzecz wspólnot religijnych w kolejnych systemach prawnych, do których rozwiązanie to wprowadzano, oraz ewolucji tejże konstrukcji w poszczególnych państwach. Celem badań uczyniono sformułowanie na podstawie zidentyfikowanych trendów wniosków praktycznych dla reformy systemu finansowania wspólnot religijnych ze środków publicznych w Polsce, która polegać ma na ustanowieniu odpisu podatkowego na kościoły i inne związki wyznaniowe. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na potwierdzenie hipotezy o podobieństwie skutków określonych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych asygnaty podatkowej w różnych systemach prawno-społeczno-gospodarczych oraz opisanie dostrzegalnych trendów w ewolucji konstrukcji prawnej asygnaty podatkowej. W rezultacie sformułowano wnioski dla polskiej reformy dotyczące pożądanego kontekstu jej wprowadzenia (zakończenie sporu o upaństwowienie i niezwrócenie kościelnych nieruchomości ziemskich), właściwego ukształtowania okresu przejściowego, sposobu tworzenia budżetu odpisu podatkowego i jego wysokości.
“Joint guidelines on the legal personality of religious or belief communities” adopted by the Venice Commission and the legal personality of churches and other religious organisations in Poland
Authors: Strzała Marek
Published: December 2024

In 2014, the European Commission for Democracy through Law (the Venice Commission), in cooperation with the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE/ODIHR), issued the Joint Guidelines on the Legal Personality of Religious or Belief Communities (hereafter, the 2014 Guidelines). This document contains nonbinding rules (soft law) for state parties in the field of the legal personality of religious and belief communities. Rules proposed by the Venice Commission and the OSCE/ODIHR in the 2014 Guidelines are organised into six categories (i.e. general rules and five groups of rules concerning particular issues: general availability of legal personality to religious or belief communities, prerequisites for acquiring legal personality, processes for the acquisition and withdrawal of a legal personality, functioning of legal entities, and loss of legal personality). An analysis of Polish law on the registration of religious community led to the general conclusion that Polish regulations are mostly compliant with the 2014 Guidelines. However doubts about the conformity of the Polish law and the 2014 Guidelines can be raised about the lack of condition of the repetitiveness of violations of laws and/or bylaws to deregister the religious/belief community, wide margin of appreciation of the term ‘gross violation’ used in prerequisites to deregister the religious/belief community, impossibility of challenging decisions dealing with the registration of religious/belief community by a community itself, and the lack of possibility of acquiring the status of ‘church or other religious organisation’ (which involves a variety of rights and privileges) by non-religious belief communities.
XXI Ogólnopolski Zjazd Katedr i Wykładowców Prawa Wyznaniowego "Sytuacja prawna związków wyznaniowych w państwach europejskich", Białystok, 6-8 czerwca 2024 roku
Authors: Dyda Konrad
Published: December 2024

Sprawozdanie z XXI Ogólnopolskiego Zjazdu Katedr i Wykładowców Prawa Wyznaniowego nt. Sytuacja prawna związków wyznaniowych w państwach europejskich. Zjazd odbył się w Białymstoku, w dniach 6-8 czerwca 2024 r. Organizatorem zjazdu był Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Prawa Wyznaniowego. Oceniając całość obrad XXI Ogólnopolskiego Zjazdu Katedr i Wykładowców Prawa Wyznaniowego należy stwierdzić, że stanowił on interesujące podsumowanie dotychczasowych badań nad węzłowymi i aktualnym problemami prawa wyznaniowego, wyznaczając jednocześnie horyzonty dla dalszych analiz w tym obszarze.
7th ICLARS Conference "The Accommodation of Religion or Belief in the Public Sphere: Undeserved Privilege or Fundamental Right?", Notre Dame, Indiana, October 21–23, 2024
Authors: Savić Vanja-Ivan
Published: December 2024

7th ICLARS Conference The Accommodation of Religion or Belief in the Public Sphere: Undeserved Privilege or Fundamental Right?, Notre Dame University in Indiana, USA, October 21–23, 2024. The International Consortium for Law and Religion Studies (ICLARS) is one of the most important associations of legal scholars, legal practitioners and social scientists in the interdisciplinary field of law and religion.