bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of the mild cognitive impairment syndrome (specialized outpatient service data analysis)
Authors: Lokshina A. B. , Zakharov V. V. , Grishina D. A. , Koberskaya N. N. , Mkhitaryan E. A. , Posohov S. I. , Yakhno N. N.
Published: June 2021

Timely diagnosis and optimal management of patients with cognitive impairment (CI) without dementia can potentially reduce the risk of their progression to dementia. In our study, we assessed the features of mild CI (MCI) syndrome in patients with neurological disorders based on the specialized outpatient service data analysis.

Objective: to analyze clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging characteristics of MCI syndrome in the Russian population in real clinical practice.

Patients and methods. We enrolled 515 patients (209 men and 306 women, mean age – 71.2±8.0 years) with memory and/or other cognitive complaints. Seventy healthy volunteers (25 men and 45 women, mean age – 69.5±5.71 years) without cognitive complaints and central nervous system or mental disorders were enrolled in the control group. DSM-V diagnostic criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder were used. Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing with a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the results. In some of them (29.13%), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed.

Results and discussion. The following types of MCI were identified in study participants: monofunctional non-amnestic type (MFNAT) – 1.2%, monofunctional amnestic type (MFAT) – 12.6%, polyfunctional amnestic type (PFAT) – 22.9%, polyfunctional non-amnestic type (PFNAT) – 63.3%. We found a higher prevalence of executive dysfunction and attention deficit in PFNAT, and executive dysfunction, attention deficit, and memory decline in PFAT. Cardiovascular risk factors and signs of vascular leukoencephalopathy on MRI were more frequently observed in PFNAT and PFAT.

Conclusion. The clinical and neuropsychological analysis allows us to assume the pathophysiology of CI before the development of dementia. In the Russian population, cerebrovascular insufficiency plays a significant role in the development of MCI syndrome.
Sleep disorder trends in 1988–2018 among the 25–64 years old population in Russia/Siberia (WHO MONICA Psychosocial study)
Authors: Gafarov V. V. , Gromova E. A. , Panov D. O. , Gagulin I. V. , Tripelgorn A. N. , Gafarova A. V.
Published: June 2021

Objective: to study sleep disorders prevalence and trends among the population of Novosibirsk (age group 25–64 years) in 1988–2018.

Patients and methods. We screened a representative sample of a 25–64-year-old population: in 1988–1989 (II screening: 725 men, mean age – 43.4±0.4 years, response – 71.3%; 710 women, mean age – 44.8±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 1994–1995 (III screening: 647 men, mean age – 44.3±0.4 years, response – 82.1%; 391 women, mean age – 45.4±0.4 years, response – 72.5%); in 2003–2005 (IV screening: 576 men, mean age – 54.23±0.2 years, response – 61%; 1074 women, mean age – 54.27±0.2 years, response – 72%); in 2013–2016 (V screening: 427 men, mean age – 34±0.4 years, response – 71%; 548 women, mean age – 35±0.4 years, response – 72%); in 2016–2018 (VI screening: 275 men, mean age – 49±0.4 years, response – 72%; 390 women, mean age – 45±0.4 years, response – 75%) according to the standard MONICA Psychosocial study (MOPSY) protocol. Sleep disorders in the studied population were assessed with Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire.

Results and discussion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995 (men – 11 and 8.6%, women – 21.8 and 16.6% respectively); increase in 2003–2018 (men – 13.1%, women – 20.5%). An increase in sleep disorders prevalence in 2003–2018 occurred mainly due to older age groups – 45–64 years (χ2 =122.061; υ=16; p<0.001 – men; χ2 =230.626; υ=16; p<0.001 – women). In 1988–2018 there was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence among women than men in all age groups. This increase in sleep disorders prevalence was associated with increasing age, reaching its maximum in the 55–64 age group (men: 1988–1989 – 20.8%, 1994–1995 – 12.1%, 2016–2018 – 19.7%; χ2 =41.093; υ=12; p<0.001; women: 35.8; 21.8; 24.9% respectively; χ2 =22.01; υ=12; p<0.001). Different trends were observed in 25–44 years old women in 1988–2018 and in 35–44 years old men in 2013–2016: sleep disorders prevalence decreased (25–44 years old women: in 1988–1989 – 13.7%, in 1994–1995 – 7.9%, in 2013–2016 – 5.7%; χ2 =24.715; υ=8; p<0.001; 35–44 years old women 35–44: in 1988–1989 – 17.9%, in 1994–1995 – 20%, in 2013–2016 – 14.2%, in 2016–2018 – 10.3%; χ2 =21.177; υ=12; p<0.001 respectively; men: in 1988–1989 – 9.5%, in 1994–1995 – 9.3%, in 2013–2016 – 4.2% and in 2016–2018 – 11%; χ2 =12.67; υ=12; p<0.05 respectively).

Conclusion. We found a high prevalence of sleep disorders among the 25–64 years old population with the following trends: a decrease from 1988–1989 to 1994–1995; an increase in 2003–2018 mainly due to older age groups. Sleep disorders prevalence decreased in younger women in 1988–2018. There also was a 2-fold increase in sleep disorders prevalence in women than men in all age groups and with increasing age in 1988–2018.
El combate entre el mundo y la tierra
Authors: Belgrano Mateo
Published: June 2021

Heidegger caracteriza la obra de arte como el combate entre el mundo y la tierra en su conferencia «El origen de la obra de arte». ¿Qué significa este par de conceptos? En este trabajo intentaremos responder esta pregunta rastreando las raíces de éstos en, fundamentalmente, Ser y tiempo, pero también en algunos seminarios que rodean la obra de 1927 y la conferencia tratada. Nuestra tesis es que el concepto de «mundo» se mantiene de cierta manera, en su conexión con la significatividad, como aquel espacio semántico a partir del cual los entes pueden manifestarse. Pero lo que cambia respecto a este concepto en «El origen de la obra de arte» es la instancia que lo instituye: ya no es el Dasein quien abre con su acción el mundo sino la obra. Sostenemos, por otro lado, que la tierra presenta un doble sentido: en primer lugar, es lo que permite que la materia se dé como fenómeno en cuanto tal (en contraposición a Ser y tiempo que siempre se daba en un horizonte pragmático) y, en segundo lugar, es la instancia reserva de sentido.
Comparison of support vector machine and backpropagation models in forecasting the number of foreign tourists in Bali province
Authors: Tarigan Imelda Alvionita , Bayupati I Putu Agung , Putri Gusti Agung Ayu
Published: June 2021

Tourism in Bali is one of the major industries which play an important role in developing the global economy in Indonesia. Good forecasting of tourist arrival, especially from foreign countries, is needed to predict the number of tourists based on past information to minimize the prediction error rate. This study compares the performance of SVM and Backpropagation to find the model with the best prediction algorithm using data from foreign tourists in Bali Province. The results of this study recommend the best forecasting using the SVM model with the radial kernel function. The best accuracy of the SVM model obtained the lowest error values of MSE 0.0009, MAE 0.0186, and MAPE 0.0276, compared to Backpropagation which obtained MSE 0.0170, MAE 0.1066, and MAPE 0.1539.
Frequently Updated Maps and their Public Display
Authors: Peterson Michael P. , Hunt Paul
Published: June 2021

The display of maps on computer monitors in a public setting can be used to emphasize their value in conveying spatial patterns. For thematic maps, by removing the possibility for interaction, more attention can be focused on the mapped distributions. Maps that lend themselves best for public display are those that are frequently updated, such as weather maps. Other types of frequently updated maps (FUMs) include those of earthquakes, air pollution, and health conditions, such as the spread of a virus. These types of maps are increasingly provided through the internet in an interactive format, making the resultant maps less suited for public display. Described here are available maps that could be displayed in a public setting, and a method to make maps for quick display based on available data. A series of these maps can then be assembled and shown in a continuous loop. The display of maps for the public can be implemented using the low-cost, Raspberry Pi computer. Maps that are suitable for public display, instructions for implementation and the required code are available at: maps.unomaha.community/FUMPD/About.html.
Z prawnej problematyki obowiązków nabywcy nieruchomości rolnych wynikających z art. 2b ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego
Authors: Blajer Paweł A.
Published: June 2021

Celem rozważań jest rozstrzygnięcie wątpliwości związanych z interpretacją przepisu art. 2b ustawy z 11 kwietnia 2003 r. o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Przepis ten nałożył zasadniczo na każdego nabywcę nieruchomości rolnej dwa uniwersalne obowiązki: nakaz prowadzenia gospodarstwa rolnego, w skład którego weszła nabyta nieruchomość rolna, przez okres co najmniej 5 lat od dnia nabycia przez niego tej nieruchomości, a w przypadku osoby fizycznej – prowadzenia tego gospodarstwa osobiście, oraz zakaz zbywania nabytej nieruchomości lub oddawania jej w posiadanie innym podmiotom w ramach tego 5-letniego okresu. Przeprowadzona analiza przepisu pozwoliła ukazać wiele praktycznych problemów, jak również przedstawić zastrzeżenia co do jego zgodności z fundamentalnymi zasadami Konstytucji RP oraz prawem Unii Europejskiej. W konsekwencji w ramach uwag de lege ferenda został sformułowany postulat dokonania daleko idącej modyfikacji tej regulacji, a nawet jej eliminacji z systemu prawa rolnego w Polsce.
Zastaw na udziałach i akcjach w spółkach będących właścicielami lub użytkownikami wieczystymi nieruchomości rolnych – paradoks art. 3a ust. 3a ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego
Authors: Bieluk Jerzy
Published: June 2021

Od 30 kwietnia 2016 r. rygorami ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego objęto również obrót akcjami i udziałami spółek kapitałowych. Zgodnie z przepisem art. 3a ust. 1 u.k.u.r. Krajowemu Ośrodkowi Wsparcia Rolnictwa działającemu na rzecz Skarbu Państwa przysługuje prawo pierwokupu udziałów i akcji w spółce kapitałowej, która jest właścicielem lub użytkownikiem wieczystym nieruchomości rolnej o powierzchni co najmniej 5 ha albo nieruchomości rolnych o łącznej powierzchni co najmniej 5 ha. Nowelizacją u.k.u.r. wprowadzoną w drodze ustawy z 26 kwietnia 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw dodano do art. 3a ust. 3a, zgodnie z którym w przypadku, gdy udziały lub akcje są obciążone prawem zastawu, Krajowy Ośrodek dokonuje zapłaty ceny w terminie 14 dni od dnia otrzymania zawiadomienia o wygaśnięciu zastawu, o ile zapłata ceny jest już wymagalna. Rozwiązanie to powoduje nieprzewidziane przez ustawodawcę skutki, w pewnych wypadkach uniemożliwiając otrzymanie ceny za udziały od KOWR. Tego rodzaju ograniczenie w zapłacie ceny budzi również wątpliwości co do zgodności z Konstytucją RP, gdyż może prowadzić do przejęcia własności udziałów (akcji) bez wynagrodzenia.
Z problematyki wykonywania prawa pierwokupu nieruchomości rolnej przez Krajowy Ośrodek Wsparcia Rolnictwa
Authors: Litwiniuk Przemysław
Published: June 2021

Praktyka zastrzegania w drodze ustawy prawa pierwokupu na rzecz Skarbu Państwa, jednostek samorządu terytorialnego oraz innych podmiotów, które należy uważać za emanację państwa, podlegała w ostatnich latach w Polsce intensywnemu rozwojowi. Do kategorii o szczególnym znaczeniu prawnym i praktycznym należy zaliczyć ustawowe prawo pierwokupu nieruchomości rolnych, zastrzeżone na rzecz Skarbu Państwa w przepisach ustawy z 11 kwietnia 2003 r. o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Przedmiotem artykułu jest charakterystyka prawna tego uprawnienia Krajowego Ośrodka Wsparcia Rolnictwa, w tym rozważenie, czy korzystanie z niego w imieniu własnym na rzecz Skarbu Państwa ma charakter dowolny (uznaniowy), czy powinno następować po zaistnieniu konstytucyjnych i ustawowych przesłanek państwowej ingerencji w prawo własności. Autor wyraża pogląd, że prawo pierwokupu nieruchomości rolnych w jego aktualnej ustawowej postaci oraz praktyka jego wykonywania przez Krajowy Ośrodka Wsparcia Rolnictwa budzą poważne wątpliwości natury konstytucyjnej. Wynikają one z braku wyraźnego ustawowego wyodrębnienia przesłanek stosowania tego uprawnienia Skarbu Państwa w stosunku do prywatnych nieruchomości rolnych, które pozostawałyby w merytorycznym związku z konstytucyjnymi wartościami, uzasadniającymi ograniczenie prawa własności. Postuluje również określenie ustawowego katalogu takich przesłanek oraz ustanowienie rzetelnej procedury administracyjnej w zakresie weryfikacji konieczności ingerencji państwa w stosunki prywatnoprawne, tak by rozstrzygnięcia dokonywane przez administrację publiczną nie były arbitralne.
The Gender Wage Gap among Ph.D. Holders: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Cicatiello Lorenzo , Gaeta Giuseppe Lucio , Pinto Mauro
Published: June 2021

This paper contributes to the literature on the gender wage gap by empirically analyzing those workers who hold the highest possible educational qualification, i.e., a Ph.D. The analysis relies on recent Italian cross-sectional data collected through a survey on the employment conditions of Ph.D. holders. The Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis and quantile decomposition analysis are carried out, and the selection of Ph.D. holders into employment and STEM/non-STEM fields of specialization is taken into account. Findings suggest that a gender gap in hourly wages exists among Ph.D. holders, with sizeable differences by sector of employment and field of specialization.
Anti-Mafia Law Enforcement and Lending in Mafia Lands. Evidence from Judicial Administration in Italy
Authors: Calamunci Francesca M. , De Benedetto Marco Alberto , Silipo Damiano Bruno
Published: June 2021

The paper analyses the impact of a preventive measure aimed at fighting the criminal organizations’ activities on the bank-firm relationship in the four Italian regions with the highest density of mafia over the period 2004–2016. Taking advantage of the staggered firm-level anti-mafia enforcement actions, we implement a difference-in-differences approach and find that after entering judicial administration mafia-infiltrated firms experience a 19 per cent contraction of bank credit and have a higher probability of being credit rationed than a matched sample of legal companies. We also find that firms confiscated from the mafia experience a negative change in some demand-driven (value of production) and supply-driven (profitability) determinants of loans. Finally, we study whether confiscation of infiltrated firms produces externalities on non-infiltrated companies, and show that banks do not reassess the overall credit risk in local markets.
Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough
Authors: Franaszek Sławomir , Salmanowicz Bolesław
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of this research was the identification and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition in common wheat and the determination of the effect of these proteins on the rheological properties of dough. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has made it possible to identify four alleles in the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci and seven alleles in the Glu-B3 locus, encoding LMW-GSs in 70 varieties and breeding lines of wheat tested. To determine the technological quality of dough, analyses were performed at the microscale using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Wheat varieties containing the Glu-3 loci scheme (Glu-A3b, Glu-A3f at the Glu-A3 locus; Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h at the Glu-B3 locus; Glu-D3a, Glu-D3c at the Glu-D3 locus) determined the most beneficial quality parameters.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Start-Up Performance: A Configurational Approach
Authors: Fuentelsaz Lucio , González Consuelo , da Silva Jackson Andre
Published: June 2021

The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance has been the object of a number of studies, but the literature has not yet reached a consensus about the true relationship between the two variables. Previous research attributes this lack of consensus to the moderating effect of numerous variables, including those related to the firm’s environment. While the literature evaluates the direct and moderating effects of uncertainty and hostility on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance, no one has investigated how these environmental variables simultaneously affect this relationship. To fill this gap, we use a configurational approach to clarify the nature of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance and investigate how hostility and uncertainty jointly moderate this relationship. Our arguments are tested using a sample of 140 Brazilian start-ups, and we conclude that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Nevertheless, this relationship is jointly conditioned by the level of environmental hostility and uncertainty.
Ultrasound to estimate the physical-mechanical properties of tropical wood species grown in an agroforestry system
Authors: Mascarenhas Adriano Reis Prazeres , Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Santos Pimenta Alexandre , Stangerlin Diego Martins , Corrêa Fernando Luiz de Oliveira , Sccoti Marta Silvana Volpato , Paula Edgley Alves de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

The great diversity of tropical wood species makes it difficult to obtain information about their technological properties. The present work employed ultrasound to estimate the physical and mechanical properties of four wood species: African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), ‘freijó’ (Cordia goeldiana), ‘paricá’ (Schizolobium amazonicum), and teak (Tectona grandis). Nineteen-year-old adult trees were selected and harvested from an agroforestry system (AFS) located in the Brazilian Amazon. From the harvested trees, 1.5 m logs were sawn and test specimens were obtained for physical-mechanical assays. The ultrasound propagation speed (V
0) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (E

d
) were obtained from applying ultrasound longitudinally in wood samples. Values of V
0 decreased from the lightest wood (paricá) to the heaviest (African mahogany), and E

d
presented the opposite behavior. For the physical properties, the coefficient of determination (R
2) ranged from 12 to 35% and the best linear regression models were fitted for the basic density, having V
0 and E

d
as independent variables. For the mechanical properties, the values of R
2 varied from 18 to 63% and higher correlations were found between parallel-to-grain compression strength and E

d
, and rigidity, static bending and Ed. Ultrasound presented the potential to estimate the properties of tropical wood species from the ASF.
Influence of Deep Rolling and Induction Hardening on Microstructure Evolution of Crankshaft Sections made from 38MnSiVS5 and 42CrMo4
Authors: Fischer A. , Scholtes B. , Niendorf T.
Published: June 2021

In order to improve properties of complex automotive components, such as crankshafts, in an application-oriented way, several surface hardening treatments can be applied. Concerning the material performance the definition of adequate process parameters influences the resulting surface properties and, thus, the effectiveness of surface hardening treatments. To analyze most relevant process-microstructure-property relationships, the present paper reports results obtained by two different well-established surface hardening procedures, i. e. deep rolling as a mechanical treatment and induction hardening as a thermal treatment. For each hardening process widely used crankshaft steel grades, i. e. a medium carbon 38MnSiVS5 microalloyed steel and a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 were selected and thoroughly characterized upon processing, using equal parameter settings. The results reveal that deep rolling in contrast to induction hardening proves to be a less sensitive surface layer treatment with regard to small differences in the initial microstructure, the chemical composition and the applied process parameters. Differences in microstructure evolution with respect to the applied surface hardening treatment are studied and discussed for the highly stressed fillet region of automotive crankshaft sections for all conditions. In this context, high-resolution SEM-based techniques such as EBSD and ECCI are proven to be very effective for fast qualitative evaluation of induced microstructural changes.
Review on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of titanium implant: The role of niobium alloying element
Authors: Farrahnoor Ahmad , Zuhailawati Hussain
Published: June 2021

Biomedical titanium alloys with elastic moduli close to that of cortical bone have gained great attention in the field of bone implantation. A low modulus is desirable in an implant to prevent stress shielding, which usually leads to critical clinical issues, such as bone resorption and implant loosening. The use of β-type titanium with nontoxic alloying elements, such as niobium, as a novel candidate of implant material for replacing failed hard tissues has shown great potential. This review describes a titanium implant application alloyed with niobium and the mechanical properties and bioactivity of various titanium alloys sintered at different temperatures.
Preparation and post-treatment of silver powders for front contact pastes of silicon solar cells
Authors: Deng Dunying , Chen Zhaoyong , Hu Yongle , Tong Yonggang , Liang Xiubing
Published: June 2021

Corrugated-surface silver powders were prepared for front contact pastes of silicon solar cells. The effects of using different pH controlling agents on the powder diameter, morphology, and conversion of silver ions to silver powders were investigated. Silver powders with wrinkled surface and 100% conversion were prepared, and ground by using spiral jet milling and tumbling ball milling, respectively. Silver powders ground by using spiral jet milling had better size distribution, higher tap density, and corrugated surface, the tap density of silver powders ground by using spiral jet milling was 6.52 g cm–3. The silver powders were used to prepare front contact pastes of silicon solar cells, the aspect ratio of printed gridlines was 0.34.
Cognitive propositions and semantic expressions
Authors: Davis Wayne A.
Published: June 2021

Building on their well-known act theory of propositions, Soames and Hanks have proposed a theory of what it is for sentences to express propositions, thereby answering a central question about the foundations of semantics. The basic idea is that for a sentence to express a proposition in a language is for speakers of the language to use the sentence to perform the act that is the proposition. I argue that this general account of expression fails to explain how incorrect usage is possible, how what sentences express differs from what they implicate, how unused sentences can express propositions, how compositional meanings are possible, and how to specify who the speakers of L are without circularity. I go on to show how these things can be explained within the structured cognitive proposition framework.
A contextualist treatment of negative existentials
Authors: Voltolini Alberto
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I want to vindicate the contextualist treatment that is typically applied by artefactualists on fictional entities (ficta) both to general and to singular negative existentials. According to this treatment, the truth value of a negative existential, whether general or singular, changes according to whether the existential quantifier or the first-order existence predicate is contextually used as respectively ranging over and applying to a restricted or an unrestricted domain of beings. In (2003), Walton has criticized this treatment with respect to singular negative existentials in particular. First of all, however, as (Predelli, Stefano. 2002. ‘Holmes’ and Holmes. A Millian analysis of names from fiction. Dialectica 56. 261–279) has shown, this treatment can be applied to singular predications in general, independently of the existential case. Moreover, not only does applying it to singular negative existentials explain why we may contextually use the quantifier restrictedly in general negative existentials, but also it accounts for why comparative negative existentials, both singular and general, may have different truth values as well depending on the comparison group they mobilize.
The distinction between semantics and pragmatics: The point of view of semiotics
Authors: Paolucci Claudio
Published: June 2021

In this paper I will try to outline the reasons why, in order to understand the life and the nature of meaning, the semiotic tradition has always thought that it was better not to separate semantics and pragmatics. I will first reconstruct the history of this idea, grounded in Pragmatism and in Structural Linguistics. Later, I will deal with its first formulation in A Theory of Semiotics by Umberto Eco. In the second part of the paper, I will work on the idea by Ferdinand de Saussure that meanings are values, that is, indeterminate entities whose identity is determined only through reciprocal determination. I will claim that this idea is the importation in linguistics of Leibniz’s principles of the differential calculus. In the final part of the paper, I will apply this idea to the distinction between semantics and pragmatics, claiming that meanings are better understood through a theory of modes of existence. If we understand the differential nature of meaning, we can see that meanings live only through the using of the expressions and these variations contribute to offer stability within the transformations, without creating a stable object defined by its properties and endowed with an independent existence split from the relationships that define it.
Numeral terms and the predictive potential of Bayesian updating
Authors: Skoczeń Izabela , Smywiński-Pohl Aleksander
Published: June 2021

In the experiment described in the paper Noah Goodman & Andreas Stuhlmüller. 2013. Knowledge and im-plicature: Modeling language understanding as social cognition.Topics in Cognitive Science5(1). 173–184, empirical support was provided for the predictive power of the Rational Speech Act (RSA) model concerning the interpretation of utterances employing numerals in uncertainty contexts. The RSA predicts a Bayesian interdependence between beliefs about the probability distribution of the occurrence of an event prior to receiving information and the updated probability distribution after receiving information. In this paper we analyze whether the RSA is a descriptive or a normative model. We present the results of two analogous experiments carried out in Polish. The first experiment does not replicate the original empirical results. We find that this is due to different answers on the prior probability distribution. However, the model predicts the different results on the basis of different collected priors: Bayesian updating predicts human reasoning. By contrast, the second experiment, where the answers on the prior probability distribution are as predicted, is a replication of the original results. In light of these results we conclude that the RSA is a robust, descriptive model, however, the experimental assumptions pertaining to the experimental setting adopted by Goodman and Stuhlmüller are normative.
Analysis of a kinematic real-time robotic total station network for robot control
Authors: Lerke Otto , Schwieger Volker
Published: June 2021

The use of robots is widespread in the field of construction nowadays. Robots may be mobile or static depending on the specific task or application. One of the major challenges when implementing mobile robots is localisation. In the field of robotics, localisation is often performed in a relative sense, however some applications require absolute localisation. In order to provide absolute positions, appropriate sensors such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) or total stations can be employed. The underlying task is embedded within the Germany´s Excellence Strategy “Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture (IntCDC)” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The specific sub-project deals with issues of robot-robot collaboration and specifically aims the provision of absolute position and orientation, designated as pose, of a mobile construction robot. The determined pose information supports different control loops of the robot including automated driving, steering and tool operations. The choice of the sensor system favoured a robotic total station (RTS), because of its real-time capability and measurement accuracy. The measurement system is coupled with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for orientation. To counteract line-of-sight interference between the RTS and the target, the contribution proposes the use of a network of four spatially evenly distributed RTSs. The quality characteristics of different pose determination procedures of a mobile construction robot are investigated using methods from the geodetic network theory. Conclusions about accuracy and reliability distribution across the construction site are presented numerically and graphically.
Does Prenestinian fe⋮faked actually exist?
Authors: Mancini Marco
Published: June 2021

After more than a century since its discovery, the mystery of the Fibula Praenestina has been definitively solved. The artifact and the inscription are both authentic beyond any reasonable doubt. Complex spectrographic analyses published a few years ago have confirmed that the Fibula is not a forgery. However, quite paradoxically, an Early Latin reduplicated perfect fefaked is still implausible from a morphological point of view. This form continues to disturb the Early Latin linguistic framework, which can be reconstructed thanks to the available data at our disposal. The article presents a new reading of the text, which on the one hand confirms the congruity of the preterite morphology (not a reduplicated form of the root *d

h

ē- / d

h

ǝ-, but an ancient aorist similar to Faliscan făced / făcet) and on the other gives an account of the abnormal use of punctuation between  and .
Retrospective evaluation of patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy with a wide range of clinical presentations: a single center experience
Authors: Olgac Asburce , Kasapkara Çiğdem Seher , Derinkuyu Betül , Yüksel Deniz , Çetinkaya Semra , Aksoy Ayşe , Ceylaner Serdar , Güleray Naz , Yeşilipek Akif , Aydın Halil İbrahim , Orgun Leman Tekin , Kılıç Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Objectives

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), is a peroxisomal inborn error of metabolism caused due to the loss of function variants of ABCD1 gene that leads to accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in several tissues including the neurological system. Childhood cerebral X-ALD (CCALD) is the most common and severe form of X-ALD, if left untreated. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only available therapy that halts neurological deterioration in CCALD. We present 12 patients with several subtypes of X-ALD that were followed-up in a single center.

Methods

Data of 12 patients diagnosed with X-ALD were documented retrospectively. Demographics, age of onset, initial symptoms, endocrine and neurological findings, VLCFA levels, neuroimaging data, molecular genetic analysis of ABCD1 gene, and disease progress were documented.

Results

Mean age of initiation of symptoms was 7.9 years and mean age of diagnosis was 10.45 years. Eight patients had the CCALD subtype, while two had the cerebral form of AMN, one had the adult form of cerebral ALD, and one patient had the Addison only phenotype. The most common initial symptoms involved the neurological system. Loes scores varied between 0 and 12. Seven patients with CCALD underwent HSCT, among them three patients died. The overall mortality rate was 25%.

Conclusions

Patients with X-ALD should be carefully followed up for cerebral findings and progression, since there is no genotype–phenotype correlation, and the clinical course cannot be predicted by family history. HSCT is the only available treatment option for patients with neurological deterioration.
MAN1B1-CDG: novel patients and novel variant
Authors: Kasapkara Cigdem Seher , Olgac Asburce , Kilic Mustafa , Keldermans Liesbeth , Matthijs Gert , Jaeken Jaak
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a group of genetic disorders due to hypoglycosylation of proteins and lipids. A type I pattern is associated with defects in glycan assembly and transfer (CDG-I; cytosol; and endoplasmic reticulum defects), a type II pattern is seen in processing defects of the Golgi apparatus. MAN1B1-CDG is an autosomal recessive CDG-II due to mutations in the α 1,2-mannosidase gene (MAN1B1), mainly characterized by psychomotor disability, facial dysmorphism, truncal obesity, and hypotonia.

Case presentation

Three patients (two males and one female), with MAN1B1-CDG who had elevated transaminase levels are presented. All patients had presented due to dysmorphic and neurological findings and hypertransaminasemia was remarkable. A type 2 pattern was found on serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing analysis of the presented cases. MAN1B1-CDG was confirmed by genetic analysis.

Conclusions

Although the cause of the increased serum transaminase levels in the present patients is not clear, no evidence for an infection or underlying liver pathology could be identified. In order to know if this is a consistent feature, we suggest measuring serum transaminase levels regularly in MAN1B1-CDG patients.
Long non-coding RNA TUG1 aggravates cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury by sponging miR-493-3p/miR-410-3p
Authors: Du Jinlong , Li Wenjing , Wang Bing
Published: June 2021

Background

Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (CIRI) affects bodily function by causing irreversible damage to brain cells. The diverse pathophysiological course factors hinder the research work to go deeper. Long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported to be related to CIRI. This study explored the undefined regulatory pathway of TUG1 in CIRI.

Methods

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to test the expression of TUG1, microRNA (miR)-493-3p and miR-410-3p. The viability and apoptosis of oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygen (OGD/R) model cells were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The determination of inflammatory factors of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α was presented by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The oxidative stress was performed by measuring the generation of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and the activity of superoxide dismutase. Cytotoxicity was presented by measuring the generation of lactate dehydrogenase. Western blot assay was devoted to assessing the level of apoptosis-related factors (cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-9) and the protein level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway-related factors in neuro-2a cells treated by OGD/R. Besides, online database starBase was applied to predict the potential binding sites of TUG1 to miR-493-3p and miR-410-3p, which was further confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter system.

Results

The expression of TUG1 was upregulated, while miR-493-3p or miR-410-3p was downregulated in the serum of CIRI and OGD/R model cells. Meanwhile, knockdown of TUG1 eliminated the suppression in proliferation, the promotion in apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the cytotoxicity in OGD/R model cells. Interestingly, the inhibition of miR-493-3p or miR-410-3p allayed the above effects. In addition, TUG1 harbored miR-493-3p or miR-410-3p and negatively regulated their expression. Finally, the TUG1 activated JNK and p38 MAPK pathways by sponging miR-493-3p/miR-410-3p.

Conclusion

TUG1 motivated the development of CIRI by sponging miR-493-3p/miR-410-3p to activate JNK and p38 pathways. The novel role of TUG1 in CIRI may contribute to the advancement of CIRI treatment.
The secrets of cryptochromes: photoreceptors, clock proteins, and magnetic sensors
Authors: Bartölke Rabea , Behrmann Heide , Görtemaker Katharina , Yee Chad , Xu Jingjing , Behrmann Elmar , Koch Karl-Wilhelm
Published: June 2021

A class of light-activated proteins in the eyes of birds, called cryptochromes, are thought to act as the primary magnetic sensors allowing night-migratory songbirds to navigate over thousands of kilometers using the earth’s magnetic field. Having evolved from DNA-repairing photolyases, cryptochromes have redirected the energy from light to fuel a variety of other functions: as photoreceptors, as regulators of the circadian clock – and, in some species, most likely as sensors of the magnetic field. While the quantum effects of magnetic fields on cryptochromes are already being studied in detail, almost nothing is known about the signaling cascade involving cryptochrome as the primary receptor protein. Two different screening methods have identified potential interaction partners that suggest an involvement of the visual phototransduction pathway, the visual cycle, potassium channels or glutamate receptors, but more pioneering research is needed to unravel the signaling cascade responsible for transducing the magnetic signal.
The neuronal correlates of the avian magnetic senses
Authors: Haase Katrin , Musielak Isabelle , Heyers Dominik
Published: June 2021

In addition to other natural orientation cues such as the stars, the sun, landmarks and olfactory cues, migrating birds possess the ability to orient by the Earth’s magnetic field. In recent years, neuroscientific research has pinpointed brain regions and connecting neuronal pathways that seem to be involved in processing magnetic information. To date, the most compelling neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence comes from the visual and trigeminal sensory systems. We expect that navigational information from both systems could be integrated in higher-order brain structures, such as the hippocampus and the “decision-making” caudolateral nidopallium. This review summarizes the current state of research on the neurosensory basis of magnetoreception in birds.
Insertion of vowels in English syllabic consonantal clusters pronounced by L1 Polish speakers
Authors: Chwesiuk Urszula
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was an attempt to verify whether Polish speakers of English insert a vowel in the word-final clusters containing a consonant and a syllabic /l/ or /n/ due to the L1–L2 transfer. L1 Polish speakers are mostly unaware of the existence of syllabic consonants; hence, they use the Polish phonotactics and articulate a vocalic sound before a final sonorant which is deprived of its syllabicity. This phenomenon was examined among L1 Polish speakers, 1-year students of English studies, and the recording sessions were repeated a year later. Since, over that time, they were instructed with regard to phonetics and phonology but also the overall practical language learning, the results demonstrated the occurrence of the phenomenon of vowel insertion on different levels of advanced command of English. If the vowels were inserted, their quality and length were monitored and analysed. With regard to the English system, pronouncing vowel /ə/ before a syllabic consonant is possible, yet not usual. That is why another aim of this study is to examine to what extent the vowels articulated by the subjects differ from the standard pronunciation of non-final /ə/. The quality differences between the vowels articulated in the words ending with /l/ and /n/ were examined as well as the potential influence from the difference between /l/ and /n/ on the occurrence of vowel reduction. Even though Polish phonotactics permit numerous consonantal combinations in all word positions, it proved to be challenging for L1 Polish speakers to pronounce word-final consonantal clusters containing both syllabic sonorants. This result carries practical implications for the teaching methodology of English phonetics.
High precision methods for solving a system of cold plasma equations taking into account electron–ion collisions
Authors: Chizhonkov Eugene V. , Delova Mariya I. , Rozanova Olga S.
Published: June 2021

High precision simulation algorithms are proposed and justified for modelling cold plasma oscillations taking into account electron–ion collisions in the non-relativistic case. The specific feature of the approach is the use of Lagrangian variables for approximate solution of the problem formulated initially in Eulerian variables. High accuracy is achieved both through the use of analytical solutions on trajectories of particles and due to sufficient smoothness of the solution in numerical integration of Cauchy problems. Numerical experiments clearly illustrate the obtained theoretical results. As a practical application, a simulation of the well-known breaking effect of multi-period relativistic oscillations is carried out. It is shown that with an increase in the collision coefficient one can observe that the breaking process slows down until it is completely eliminated.
Industrie 5.0 – ein menschzentrierter Ansatz
Authors: Tropschuh Barbara , Dillinger Fabian , Korder Svenja , Maier Maria , Gärtner Quirin , Vernim Susanne
Published: June 2021

Industrie 4.0 und die Digitalisierung beeinflussen mit ihren technologiezentrierten Entwicklungen produzierende Unternehmen positiv. Sie ermöglichen einen Umgang mit der zunehmenden Komplexität und Volatilität des Produktionsumfelds. Dabei steht nach wie vor die technologie- und wirtschaftlichkeitsgetriebene Ausrichtung dieser Trends im Vordergrund. Eine echte, vollständig menschzentrierte Entwicklung fehlt aktuell. Hier setzt das Konzept der Industrie 5.0 an. Dieser Beitrag stellt sechs Ansätze aus der Forschung vor, welche Unternehmen langfristig bei der Bewältigung aktueller Herausforderungen unterstützen und dabei den Menschen in den Mittelpunkt der Lösungsentwicklung rücken.
Sex and Pubertal Differences in the Maturational Trajectories of Sleep Spindles in the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Ricci Anna , He Fan , Calhoun Susan L. , Fang Jidong , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O. , Younes Magdy , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio
Published: June 2021

Sleep spindles, bursts of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity in the σ-frequency (11–16 Hz) range, may be biomarkers of cortical development. Studies capturing the transition to adolescence are needed to delineate age-related, sex-related, and pubertal-related changes in sleep spindles at the population-level. We analyzed the sleep EEG of 572 subjects 6–21 years (48% female) and 332 subjects 5–12 years (46% female) followed-up at 12–22 years. From 6 to 21 years, spindle density (pquadratic = 0.019) and fast (12–16 Hz) spindle percent (pquadratic = 0.016) showed inverted U-shaped trajectories, with plateaus after 15 and 19 years, respectively. Spindle frequency increased (plinear < 0.001), while spindle power decreased (plinear < 0.001) from 6 to 21 years. The trajectories of spindle density, frequency, and fast spindle percent diverged between females and males, in whom density plateaued by 14 years, fast spindle percent by 16 years, and frequency by 18 years, while fast spindle percent and spindle frequency continued to increase until 21 years in females. Males experienced a longitudinal increase in spindle density 31% greater than females by 12–14 years (p = 0.006). Females experienced an increase in spindle frequency and fast spindle percent 2% and 41% greater, respectively, than males by 18–22 years (bothp = 0.004), while males experienced a 14% greater decline in spindle power by 18–22 years (p = 0.018). Less mature adolescents (86% male) experienced a longitudinal increase in spindle density 36% greater than mature adolescents by 12–14 years (p = 0.002). Overall, males experience greater maturational changes in spindle density in the transition to adolescence, driven by later pubertal development, and sex differences become prominent in early adulthood when females have greater spindle power, frequency, and fast spindle percent.
Preventive Activity of Giner (Zingiber officinale) Against Myelotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cyclohexatriene and Identification of the Most Active Compounds by GC-MS
Authors: Otmanine Khaled , Hanini Salah , Oumouna-Benachour Karine , Kohli Sara , Djellal Merouane , Amroun Karim , Bekri Razika , Benkortbi Othmane
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to uncover the preventive capability of Zingiber officinale against myelotoxicity, leukaemia, and hepatotoxicity. For the most part, this work depended on the subcutaneous injection of cyclohexatriene in rabbits to cause the illness by a synthetic strategy. In parallel, another group of rabbits was exposed to the injection of cyclohexatriene under similar conditions with the feeding Zingiber officinale, where it was discovered that the cyclohexatriene-induced myelotoxicity was counteracted. The histological examination additionally uncovered the hepato-defensive intensity of Zingiber officinale. The most pharmacologically active molecules of Zingiber officinale were recognised by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).