bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation-based dynamic model and speed controller design of a small-scale turbojet engine
Authors: Yazar Isil , Kiyak Emre , Caliskan Fikret , Karakoc T. Hikmet
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present a nonlinear mathematical model of a small-scale turbojet aeroengine and also a speed controller design that is conducted for the constructed nonlinear mathematical model.

Design/methodology/approach

In the nonlinear mathematical model of the turbojet engine, temperature, rotational speed, mass flow, pressure and other parameters are generated using thermodynamic equations (e.g. mass, energy and momentum conservation laws) and some algebraic equations. In calculation of the performance parameters, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method is preferred in related components. All calculated values from the mathematical model are then compared with the cycle data of the turbojet engine. Because of the single variable control need and effect of noise factor, modified proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is treated for speed control. For whole operation envelope, various PID structures are designed individually, according to the operating points. These controller structures are then combined via gain-scheduling approach and integrated to the nonlinear engine model. Simulations are performed on MATLAB/Simulink environment for design and off-design operating points between idle to maximum thrust levels.

Findings

The cascade structure (proposed nonlinear engine aero-thermal model and speed controller) is simulated and tested at various operating points of the engine and for different transient conditions. Simulation results show that the transitions between the operating points are found successfully. Furthermore, the controller is effective for steady-state load changes. It is suggested to be used in real-time engine applications.

Research limitations/implications

Because of limited data, only speed control is treated and simulated.

Practical implications

It can be used as an application in the industry easily.

Originality/value

First point of novelty in the paper is in calculation of the performance parameters of compressor and turbine components. ANFIS method is preferred to predict performance parameters in related components. Second novelty in the paper can be seen in speed controller design part. Because of the single variable control need and effect of noise factor, modified PID is treated.
An alternative neural airspeed computation method for aircrafts
Authors: Turkmen Ilke
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present an alternative airspeed computation method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) without requiring pitot-static system measurements.

Design/methodology/approach

The data set used to train proposed neural model is obtained from the Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit records of a Boeing 737 type commercial aircraft for real flight routes. The proposed method uses the flight parameters as inputs of the ANN. The Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm was used to train the neural model.

Findings

The predicted airspeed values obtained with ANN are in good agreement with the measured airspeed values. The proposed neural model can be used as an alternative airspeed computation method.

Practical implications

The proposed alternative airspeed computation method can be used when the air data computer or pitot-static system has failed.

Originality/value

The proposed method uses flight parameters as inputs for the ANN. As such, airspeed is calculated using flight parameters instead of the pitot-static system measurements.
Empirical analysis of the effect of financial restraint policy on Chinese residents’ consumption
Authors: Huang Feiming
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test whether the policies of China’s financial restraint have an inhibitory effect on the consumption of residents.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the principal component analysis for constructing a financial restraint index and also used empirical methodology.

Findings

The authors found that financial restraint policies create rent opportunities for banking sector and production sector, which further creates the rent opportunities for the household sector. Such transfer of rent and redistribution will have an inhibitory effect on residents’ consumption. The financial restraint policies directly and indirectly inhibit the growth of residents’ income; and in theory, the purpose of financial restraint policy is to promote economic growth, thus promoting residents’ consumption. Thus, the financial restraint policies impacting the residents’ consumption are non-linear and test the threshold effect of financial restraints on the residents’ consumption of China.

Research limitations/implications

This paper’s theoretical contribution includes: increasing the connotation of financial restraint in the policies of stock market and foreign exchange controls, and further developing the financial restraint theory; and exploring the inhibitory effect on the consumption of residents from the perspective of financial restraints to enrich the connotation of the consumption theory.

Originality/value

The findings in this study can help the financial authorities to gradually relax the financial restraint policies to encourage residents’ consumption.
Utilizing the innovation potential of suppliers in construction projects
Authors: Sariola Rami
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The manufacturers of construction components and materials are the suppliers in construction projects, and represent a significant portion of their value. However, their knowledge is not used sufficiently when it comes to construction innovation. This research paper focuses on the suppliers’ innovation potential in construction projects. The purpose of this paper is to identify practices for enhancing the contractor–supplier relationship and using the suppliers’ innovation potential in construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative exploratory research strategy is used in the context of construction projects. In total, 18 interviews were conducted with contractors to discover the experiences and practices related to the contractor–supplier relationship and construction innovation.

Findings

The contractors perceive that the suppliers have innovation potential, and that they are often a source of construction innovation. The findings reveal business- and project-level practices for enhancing the contractor–supplier relationship and for overcoming barriers that hinder the suppliers’ innovation potential.

Research limitations/implications

The research conducted for this paper is limited to the contractors’ perspectives based on construction projects in one country. Further research is encouraged to verify the success of identified practices and cover the perspectives of the suppliers, clients and designers.

Originality/value

Limited research and attention is directed toward the role of the suppliers in projects within the construction industry. This paper offers important information about the part that both the suppliers and the contractors play in construction innovation and its facilitation.
Nonlinear impedance boundary condition for 2D BEM
Authors: de Falco Carlo , Di Rienzo Luca , Ida Nathan , Yuferev Sergey
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the derivation and efficient implementation of surface impedance boundary conditions (SIBCs) for nonlinear magnetic conductors.

Design/methodology/approach

An approach based on perturbation theory is proposed, which expands to nonlinear problems the methods already developed by the authors for linear problems. Differently from the linear case, for which the analytical solution of the diffusion equation in the semi-infinite space for the magnetic field is available, in the nonlinear case the corresponding nonlinear diffusion equation must be solved numerically. To this aim, a suitable smooth map is defined to reduce the semi-infinite computational domain to a finite one; then the diffusion equation is solved by a Galerkin method relying on basis functions constructed via the push-forward of a Lagrangian polynomial basis whose degrees of freedom are collocated at Gauss–Lobatto nodes. The use of such basis in connection with a suitable under-integration naturally leads to mass-lumping without impacting the order of the method. The solution of the diffusion equation is coupled with a boundary element method formulation for the case of parallel magnetic conductors in terms of E and B fields.

Findings

The results are validated by comparison with full nonlinear finite element method simulations showing very good accordance at a much lower computational cost.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of the method are those arising from perturbation theory: the introduced small parameter must be much less than one. This implies that the penetration depth of the magnetic field into the magnetic and conductive media must be much smaller than the characteristic size of the conductor.

Originality/value

The efficient implementation of a nonlinear SIBC based on a perturbation approach is proposed for an electric and magnetic field formulation of the two-dimensional problem of current driven parallel solid conductors.
Modified MPC based grid-connected five-level inverter for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Maalandish Mohammad , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Sabahi Mehran , Asgharian Pouyan
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to select appropriate voltage vectors in the switching techniques and, by selecting the proper voltage vectors, be able to achieve a DC link with the same outputs and a symmetric multi-level inverter.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed structure, a two-stage DC–AC symmetric multi-level inverter with modified Model Predictive Control (MMPC) method, is presented for Photovoltaic (PV) applications. The voltage of DC-link capacitors of the boost converter is controlled by MMPC control method to select appropriate switching vectors for the multi-level inverter. The proposed structure is provided for single-phase power system, which increases 65 V input voltage to 220 V/50 Hz output voltage, with 400 V DC link. Simulation results of proposed structure with MMPC method are carried out by PSCAD/EMTDC software.

Findings

Based on the proposed structure and control method, total harmonic distortion (THD) reduces, which leads to lower power losses and higher circuit reliability. In addition, reducing the number of active switches in current path causes to lower voltage stress on the switches, lower PV leakage current and higher overall efficiency.

Originality/value

In the proposed structure, a new control method is presented that can make a symmetric five-level voltage with lower THD by selecting proper switching for PV applications.
Defect localization and characterization in eddy current nondestructive testing by change detection and global optimization
Authors: Kermadi Majda , Moussaoui Saïd , Taieb Brahimi Abdelhalim , Feliachi Mouloud
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present a data-processing methodology combining kernel change detection (KCD) and efficient global optimization algorithms for solving inverse problem in eddy current non-destructive testing. The main purpose is to reduce the computation cost of eddy current data inversion, which is essentially because of the heavy forward modelling with finite element method and the non-linearity of the parameter estimation problem.

Design/methodology/approach

The KCD algorithm is adapted and applied to detect damaged parts in an inspected conductive tube using probe impedance signal. The localization step allows in reducing the number of measurement data that will be processed for estimating the flaw characteristics using a global optimization algorithm (efficient global optimization). Actually, the minimized objective function is calculated from data related to defect detection indexes provided by KCD.

Findings

Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed methodology in terms of defect detection and localization; a significant reduction of computing time is obtained in the step of defect characterization.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind that combines a change detection method (KCD) with a global optimization algorithm (efficient global optimization) for defect detection and characterization. To show that such approach allows to reduce the numerical cost of ECT data inversion.
Event triggered non-inverting chopper fed networked DC motor speed synchronization
Authors: Masroor Suhaib , Peng Chen
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a new approach to address the problem of reaching the synchronous speed in the network connected multiple motors.

Design/methodology/approach

Practically, all the control approaches require continuous monitoring of the system thereby consuming extra energy. The method proposed in this paper uses an event-based approach with the multi-agent system (MAS) consensus control alongside with linear quadratic regulator control, thus saving a larger amount of energy. The proposed system is developed by using non-inverting buck boost chopper to provide necessary electrical power for the direct current motor, hence creating a single agent of bigger MAS with identical dynamics. The system stability is formulated by using Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed system is simulated via MATLAB.

Findings

The acquired simulated results validate that the proposed methodology and the multi-motor system worked successfully, thereby achieving common speed, i.e. consensus. The proposed system also validates the energy-saving concept.

Practical implications

Presently, the multiple motor synchronous speed system found application in paper-making machines, textile printing machines, offset printing, etc. The proposed study will contribute greatly to the existing methodologies and overcome their deficiencies by making the system more flexible and error-free due to the presence of network connectivity.

Originality/value

The system is simulated to verify theoretical concepts.
Optimal operation of building microgrids – comparison with mixed-integer linear and continuous non-linear programming approaches
Authors: Reinbold Vincent , Dinh Van-Binh , Tenfen Daniel , Delinchant Benoit , Saelens Dirk
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present two mathematical models to solve the Energy Management problem of a building microgrid (MG). In particular, it proposes a deterministic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and non-linear programming (NLP) formulations. This paper focuses on the modelling process and the optimization performances for both approaches regarding optimal operation of near-zero energy buildings connected to an electric MG with a 24-h time horizon.

Design/methodology/approach

A general architecture of a MG is detailed, involving energy storage systems, distributed generation and a thermal reduced model of the grid-connected building. A continuous non-linear model is detailed along with linearizations for the mixed-integer liner formulation. Multi-physic, non-linear and non-convex phenomena are detailed, such as ventilation and air quality models.

Findings

Results show that both approaches are relevant for solving the energy management problem of the building MG.

Originality/value

Introduction and modelling of the thermal loads within the MG. The resulting linear program handles the mutli-objective trade-off between discomfort and the cost of use taking into account air quality criterion. Linearization and modelling of the ventilation system behaviour, which is generally non-linear and non-convex equality constraints, involving air quality model, heat transfer and ventilation power. Comparison of both MILP and NLP methods on a general use case provides a solution that can be interpreted for implementation.
Analytical and numerical models of the magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction
Authors: Ziolkowski Marcin , Gratkowski Stanislaw , Zywica Adam Ryszard
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Electrical properties of biological tissues are known to be sensitive to physiological and pathological conditions of living organisms. For instance, human breast cancer or liver tumor cells have a significantly higher electrical conductivity than a healthy tissue. The paper aims to the new recently developed magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) which can be deployed for electrical conductivity imaging of low-conductivity objects. Solving a test problem by using an analytical method is a useful exercise to check the validity of the more complex numerical finite element models. Such test problems are discussed in Chapter 3. The detailed analysis of an electromagnetic induction in low-conductivity objects is very important for the next steps in the tomographic process of image reconstruction. Finally, the image reconstruction examples for object’s complex shapes’ have been analyzed. The Lorentz force divergence reconstruction has been achieved with the help of time reversal algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

In given arrangements the magnetic field and eddy current vectors satisfy the Maxwell partial differential equations. Applying the separation of variables method analytical solutions are obtained for an infinitely long conducting cylindrical segment in transient magnetic field. A special case for such a configuration is an infinitely long cylinder with longitudinal crack. The analytical solutions are compared with those obtained by using numerical procedures. For complex shapes of the object, the MAT-MI images have been calculated with the help of the finite element method and time reversal algorithm.

Findings

The finite element model developed for a MAT-MI forward problem has been validated by analytical formulas. Based on such a confirmation, the MAT-MI complex model has been defined and solved. The conditions allowing successful MAT-MI image reconstruction have been provided taking into account different conductivity distribution. For given object’s parameters, the minimum number of measuring points allowing successful reconstruction has been determined.

Originality/value

A simple test example has been proposed for MAT-MI forward problem. Analytical closed-form solutions have been used to check the validity of the made in-house finite element software. More complex forward and inverse problems have been solved using the software.
Implications of the ageing population for the food demand chain in Germany
Authors: Oeser Gerald , Aygün Tanju , Balan Claudia-Livia , Corsten Thomas , Dechêne Christian , Ibald Rolf , Paffrath Rainer , Schuckel Marcus Thomas
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to gain a general holistic view of implications of the growing and highly relevant customer segment of elder consumers for the food demand chain (food retail, production, logistics, and business informatics) in Germany.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes a holistic demand-chain approach that is based on interviews with 36 German food consumers aged 65-87 and with 50 experts from manufacturing, trade, logistics, and business informatics as well as a survey with 1,288 consumers above 64 years of age and 682 consumers below 65 years of age.

Findings

Physical, statistical, psychological, social, and behavioural characteristics of elder German consumers may influence location, services, and layout of food retail, food variety, sizes, packaging, and labelling, food production, transportation, and storage volumes and capacities, as well as facility location, route, and inventory planning. The social function of grocery shopping especially for single consumers, intergenerational products and services, home-delivery services especially to rural areas, as well as decentralisation and regionalisation are expected to gain importance. Logistics and industry 4.0 can facilitate the efficient and effective supply of food.

Originality/value

This research is the first to investigate the needs and wants of elder German food consumers and their implications for the German food demand chain in a more holistic demand-chain approach.
Fuzzy DEMATEL-based green supply chain management performance
Authors: Kazancoglu Yigit , Kazancoglu Ipek , Sagnak Muhittin
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Performance assessment of green supply chain management (GSCM) requires a systematic approach because of its interdisciplinary and multi-objective nature. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model to the performance assessment of GSCM.

Design/methodology/approach

A model is proposed, grounded on a literature review on GSCM performance, after which the causal relationships and prioritization of the sub-criteria are analyzed by fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique in a company operating in the cement industry.

Findings

An integrated holistic performance assessment model incorporating specifically six criteria and 21 sub-criteria is applied, which represents causal relationships and prioritization of sub-criteria.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed model can be generalized, because an integrative framework can be used in future empirical studies to analyze performance of GSCM. However, the causal relationships and prioritization among sub-criteria are analyzed based on the needs and capabilities of the individual company; therefore, the causal relationships found are company specific.

Practical implications

The proposed model can be hired and implemented by companies striving for GSCM. This model allows companies to assess their current GSCM performance, analyze causal relationships, and prioritize sub-criteria.

Originality/value

Several studies have analyzed performance assessment in green supply chains; however, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has taken an approach to performance assessment in GSCM that combines environmental, economics/financial, logistics, operational, organizational and marketing in the same framework. In addition, the cause-effect relationships identified will be the base for performance improvement.
Profit optimization of sustainable low-to-medium temperature waste heat recovering management
Authors: Lin Chun-Wei R. , Parng Yuh-Jiuan Melody , Chen Yu-Lin
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Responding to natural resource depletion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission problems, and also the stricter government’s energy regulations, the purpose of this paper is to develop a sustainable waste heat recovery optimal-profit-oriented management model especially targeting on the easily forgotten low- and medium-temperature waste heat in the industry. In the paper, a system is constructed to facilitate converting the low- and medium-grade waste heat in factories into electricity, and yields optimal profit.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper integrates an efficient Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system from both sustainable energy reservation and cost effectiveness approaches with an optimization model that adopts particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine proper installation locations and feasible generator sets. The system is constructed to facilitate converting the low- and medium-grade waste heat in factories into electricity, and yields optimal profit. The model considers the environmental factors: temperature, heat amount, equipment configuration of the number of ORC sets, and detailed investment cost constraints.

Findings

The results show that annual investment return rate, annual increase in electricity, power generation efficiency, and annual CO2 emission reduction are all highly improved, and investment recovery period is shortened. Also, the larger scale of the waste heat emission, the better the performance is achieved. Finally, the study also completes a sensitivity test under dynamic conditions of electricity price, generator sales price and factory budget constraints, and the results are consistently robust. More valuably, this paper demonstrates applications on two different manufacturing industries with various waste heat emission scales to prove the accountability.

Originality/value

The main contributions are in three aspects. First, it proves that applying PSO to a nonlinear mathematical model can help determine the optimal number and style configuration of generators for waste heat sources. Second, different from the prior research works focusing on power generation, this paper also deliberates the cost factors, cost of generators, costs of numerous peripheral components and future maintenance costs to ensure the factories not conflict with the financial limitations. Third, it is not only successfully applied in two industries with different scales, but also robust with various economic tests, electricity price change, generator sales price change, and investment budget adjustments.
Modeling crowdfunders’ behavioral intention to adopt the crowdfunding-waqf model (CWM) in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Thas Thaker Mohamed Asmy , Mohd Thas Thaker Hassanudin , Allah Pitchay Anwar
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Waqf institutions in many Muslim countries including in Malaysia are facing liquidity constraints in developing waqf land. This paper aims to offer a sustainable model of source of financing for waqf institutions to meet their liquidity constraint in developing waqf land, which is known as the crowdfunding–waqf model (CWM). Later, CWM validated its acceptance in the field among the crowdfunders by adopting the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM).

Design/methodology/approach

The primary data are collected from the survey administered to donors or crowdfunders in Selangor, Penang, Johor and Pahang. The total number of respondents aren= 1,000. The analysis is conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

Based on findings, both the perceived usefulness and perceived easy to use of CWM are found to have a positive impact on the behavioral intention of crowdfunders or donors in assisting waqf institutions to develop waqf land in Malaysia. Furthermore, perceived easy to use has a positive relationship and direct effect on perceived usefulness of crowdfunders to use the CWM.

Research limitations/implications

There are some limitations of the current study. The sample size and area of study become the obvious limitations. Thus, there is a need for caution in the interpretation of the results, and the conclusion cannot be as generalized. Besides, the use of current factors might limit the ability to explore other potentially important determinants of the crowdfunders’ behavioral intention on using CWM. Thus, future research can be conducted by incorporating new factors and provide new insights for optimizing CWM. Other potential moderator variables should be included into the research model in order to obtain more robust results.

Practical implications

The findings of this paper will provide a new avenue for waqf institutions to raise funds for developing waqf land, particularly in Malaysia. The present study also has implications for the government and policymakers. Through CWM, it enables to reduce the expenses of the government for the development of waqf land. Indeed, CWM could be applied in other Muslim countries that are facing liquidity constraint in developing waqf land.

Originality/value

This paper offers an additional literature on waqf and crowdfunding, especially in the Malaysian context. The paper proposes a viable alternative model for waqf institutions as a source of financing by using crowdfunding.
Collaboration and patient safety at an emergency department – a qualitative case study
Authors: Pedersen Anna Helene Meldgaard , Rasmussen Kurt , Grytnes Regine , Nielsen Kent Jacob
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how conflicts about collaboration between staff at different departments arose during the establishment of a new emergency department and how these conflicts affected the daily work and ultimately patient safety at the emergency department.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative single case study draws on qualitative semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The theoretical concepts “availability” and “receptiveness” as antecedents for collaboration will be applied in the analysis.

Findings

Close collaboration between departments was an essential precondition for the functioning of the new emergency department. The study shows how a lack of antecedents for collaboration affected the working relation and communication between employees and departments, which spurred negative feelings and reproduced conflicts. This situation was seen as a potential threat for the safety of the emergency patients.

Research limitations/implications

This study presents a single case study, at a specific point in time, and should be used as an illustrative example of how contextual and situational factors affect the working environment and through that patient safety.

Originality/value

Few studies provide an in-depth investigation of what actually takes place when collaboration between professional groups goes wrong and escalates, and how problems in collaboration may affect patient safety.
WhetherShari’ahcompliance efficiency is a matter for the financial performance
Authors: Ullah Md. Hafij , Khanam Ruma
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Shari’ahis the foundation of Islamic banks. Although all the Islamic banks required complying with theShari’ahrequirements fully, the level of compliance differs among the Islamic banks. At the same time, Islamic banks have been performing well, but all do not demonstrate similar financial performance. This paper aims to explore whetherShari’ahcompliance efficiency makes any difference in financial performance of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL).

Design/methodology/approach

This study used IBBL as a case. For exploring the issue of study, this paper applied an e-mail interview approach and interviewed 24 interviewees including financial analysts, IBBL clients and executives of regulatory bodies, the IBBL and other Islamic- and interest-based traditional banks. Interview opinions are then analyzed and interpreted for a deeper understanding of the topic.

Findings

The study observed that some other factors influence the financial performance of IBBL, butShari’ahcompliance is the dominant instinct of acquiring the leading position. SuperiorShari’ahcompliance creates internal strengths and external opportunities that facilitate IBBL in achieving higher financial performance. Most interviewees argued thatShari’ahis the only disposition that makes IBBL unique. Moreover, the bank that considerably followsShari’ahgets better financial outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The study used a qualitative method using interview responses only for evaluating the relationship betweenShari’ahcompliance and financial performance. Further study may be conducted based on a quantitative approach.

Practical implications

This paper expects to uphold the significance ofShari’ahin improving the financial performance of IBBL and simultaneously motivating the parties associated with the Islamic banks in enhancing the level ofShari’ahcompliance. Moreover, this study provides new insights into the importance Islamic banks and their performance in relation to the choice of customers.

Originality/value

This study explores the significance ofShari’ahcompliance in creating avenues for greater financial performance and develops a model showing the ways howShari’ahcompliance leads Islamic banks to achieve higher financial positions.
Bank’s financial stability and risk management
Authors: Elbadry Ahmed
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effect of Saudi bank’s financial stability on risk management.

Design/methodology/approach

Different ordinary least square models have been used to study the significant effect of banks’ financial stability indicators on different types of risks in Saudi banks. Financial statements were collected of all Saudi banks (12 banks) from 2011 to 2014 from TADAWL website.

Findings

The results indicate a negative and significant effect of capital adequacy ratio on credit risk. Also, there is a significant and positive effect of leverage ratio on credit risk. Moreover, the results indicate negative and significant effect of provisions, leverage, ratio of loans to deposits and bank size on liquidity risk. Finally, results indicate a positive and significant effect of capital adequacy, provisions, leverage and asset utilization ratio on operational risk and indicate a negative and significant effect of loan-to-deposits ratio on operational risk. A robustness check was used to confirm the results. No differences between small and large Saudi banks was found. All banks are committed to apply Basel accord and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) regulations. But there is a significant difference in applying SAMA toolkits regulations between 2011 and 2014. The 2014 results reflect very high degree of financial stability in Saudi banks when compared with that of 2011, also greater ability to mitigate risk exposure using different types of macroprudential toolkits stated by SAMA.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to Saudi Banks from 2011 to 2014.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to use the macroprudential toolkits, suggested by SAMA as financial stability measurements, to examine their effect on different types of risks in Saudi banks. SAMA suggested this group of toolkits to comply with Basel III new regulations and to minimize the degree of risk exposure of Saudi banks.
Income smoothing behavior and the procyclical effect of loan loss provisions in Islamic banks
Authors: Pramono Sigid Eko , Rossieta Hilda , Soedarmono Wahyoe
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This study aims to test whether loan loss provisions in Islamic banks is procyclical by explicitly examining the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth. In the next stage, this paper tests whether the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is conditional on bank capitalization and lending. This is to identify whether bank-specific factors affect the procyclicality of non-discretionary provisions and whether such procyclicality can be explained by income smoothing in banks with different capitalization and loan profiles.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is conducted in four stages. The first stage identifies the determinants of loan loss provisions. The second stage investigates whether income smoothing is affected by capitalization and lending activities. In the third stage, the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is examined. In the fourth stage, this paper tests whether the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is affected by bank capitalization and lending. A two-way panel-fixed effect model is used.

Findings

Non-discretionary provisions are procyclical, particularly for banks with lower capitalization and lending activities, because such banks do not conduct income smoothing. Specifically, banks with lower capitalization experience a decline in loan growth when non-discretionary provisions to cover credit risk increase.

Research limitations/implications

The dataset used in this study follows Soedarmono et al. (2017) and does not enable to differentiate types of financing products in Islamic banks that may exacerbate or mitigate the procyclicality of non-discretionary provisions.

Originality/value

This paper extends prior literature on the procyclicality of loan loss provisions by specifically investigating the influence of non-discretionary provisions on loan growth in Islamic banks and whether such relationship depends on the role of income smoothing undertaken by banks with different levels of capitalization and lending. This paper builds on the work of Soedarmono et al. (2017) in which they do not explicitly examine the relationship between loan loss provisions and loan growth.
The dispositions for culturally responsive pedagogy scale
Authors: Whitaker Manya C. , Valtierra Kristina Marie
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the dispositions for culturally responsive pedagogy scale (DCRPS).

Design/methodology/approach

Scale development consisted of a six-step process including item development, expert review, exploratory factor analysis, factor interpretation, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and discriminant validity analyses.

Findings

The final scale contains 19 Likert items across three dispositional domains: Disposition for Praxis, Disposition for Community and Disposition for Social Justice. The alpha reliability value for the overall scale was 0.92.

Practical implications

The DCRPS can be used in teacher preparation programs for programmatic evaluation, for teacher candidate growth assessment or for career counseling.

Originality/value

Other scales related to multicultural education reflect teachers’ general beliefs about diversity and/or inclusive education. The DCRPS is the first scale that assesses teachers’ beliefs and attitudes underlying culturally responsive teaching practices.
Informational cascades in financial markets: review and synthesis
Authors: Doherty Oksana
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review recent contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature on informational cascades.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews and synthesises the existing literature, methodologies and evidence on informational cascades.

Findings

Many financial settings foster situations where informational cascades and herding are likely. Cascades remain mainly an area of experimental research, leaving the empirical evidence inconclusive. Existing measures have limitations that do not allow for a direct test of cascading behaviour. More accurate models and methods for empirical testing of informational cascades could provide more conclusive evidence on the matter.

Practical implications

Outlined findings have implications for designing policies and regulatory requirements, as well as for the design of collective decisions processes.

Originality/value

The paper reviews and critiques existing theory; it summarises the recent laboratory and empirical evidence and identifies issues for future research. Most of other theoretical work reviews informational cascades as a subsection of herding. This paper focusses on informational cascades specifically. It distinguishes between informational cascade and herding. The paper also reviews most recent empirical evidence on cascades, presents review and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical development on information cascades up to date, and reviews the model of informational cascades with model criticism.
Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act Coverage Expansion on Safety‐Net Hospital Inpatient Payer Mix and Market Shares
Authors: Wu Vivian Y. , Fingar Kathryn R. , Jiang H. Joanna , Washington Raynard , Mulcahy Andrew W. , Cutler Eli , Pickens Gary
Published: January 2018

Objective

To examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act's coverage expansion on safety‐net hospitals (SNHs).

Study Setting

Nine Medicaid expansion states.

Study Design

Differences‐in‐differences (DID) models compare payer‐specific pre‐post changes in inpatient stays of adults aged 19–64 years at SNHs and non‐SNHs.

Data Collection Methods

2013–2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases.

Principal Findings

On average per quarter postexpansion, SNHs and non‐SNHs experienced similar relative decreases in uninsured stays (DID = –2.2 percent, p = .916). Non‐SNHs experienced a greater percentage increase in Medicaid stays than did SNHs (DID = 13.8 percent, p = .041). For SNHs, the average decrease in uninsured stays (–146) was similar to the increase in Medicaid stays (153); privately insured stays were stable. For non‐SNHs, the decrease in uninsured (–63) plus privately insured (–33) stays was similar to the increase in Medicaid stays (105). SNHs and non‐SNHs experienced a similar absolute increase in Medicaid, uninsured, and privately insured stays combined (DID = –16, p = .162).

Conclusions

Postexpansion, non‐SNHs experienced a greater percentage increase in Medicaid stays than did SNHs, which may reflect patients choosing non‐SNHs over SNHs or a crowd‐out of private insurance. More research is needed to understand these trends.
Impact of the 340B Drug Pricing Program on Cancer Care Site and Spending in Medicare
Authors: Jung Jeah , Xu Wendy Y. , Kalidindi Yamini
Published: January 2018

Objective

To examine the impact of the 340B drug discount program on the site of cancer drug administration and cancer care spending in Medicare.

Data Sources/Study Setting

2010–2013 Medicare claims data for a random sample of Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries with cancer.

Study Design

We identified the 340B effect using variation in the availability of 340B hospitals across markets. We considered beneficiaries from markets that newly gained a 340B hospital during the study period (new 340B markets) as the treatment group. Beneficiaries in markets with no 340B hospital were the control group. We used a difference‐in‐differences approach with market fixed effects.

Data Collection

Secondary data analysis.

Principal Findings

The probability of a patient receiving cancer drug administration in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) versus physician offices increased 7.8 percentage points more in new 340B markets than in markets with no 340B hospital. Per‐patient spending on other cancer care increased $1,162 more in new 340B markets than in markets with no 340B hospital.

Conclusions

The 340B program shifted the site of cancer drug administration to HOPDs and increased spending on other cancer care. As the program expands, continuing assessment of its impact on service utilization and spending would be needed.
Cross‐Sector Collaboration in the High‐Poverty Setting: Qualitative Results from a Community‐Based Diabetes Intervention
Authors: Tung Elizabeth L. , Gunter Kathryn E. , Bergeron Nyahne Q. , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Chin Marshall H. , Peek Monica E.
Published: January 2018

Objective

To characterize the motivations of stakeholders from diverse sectors who engaged in cross‐sector collaboration with an academic medical center.

Data Source

Primary qualitative data (2014–2015) were collected from 22 organizations involved in a cross‐sector diabetes intervention on the South Side of Chicago.

Study Design

In‐depth, semistructured interviews; participants included leaders from all stakeholder organization types (e.g., businesses, community development, faith‐based) involved in the intervention.

Data Collection Methods

Data were transcribed verbatim from audio and video recordings. Analysis was conducted using the constant comparison method, derived from grounded theory.

Principal Findings

All stakeholders described collaboration as an opportunity to promote community health in vulnerable populations. Among diverse motivations across organization types, stakeholders described collaboration as an opportunity for: financial support, brand enhancement, access to specialized skills or knowledge, professional networking, and health care system involvement in community‐based efforts. Based on our findings, we propose a framework for implementing a working knowledge of stakeholder motivations to facilitate effective cross‐sector collaboration.

Conclusions

We identified several factors that motivated collaboration across diverse sectors with health care systems to promote health in a high‐poverty, urban setting. Understanding these motivations will be foundational to optimizing meaningful cross‐sector collaboration and improving diabetes outcomes in the nation's most vulnerable communities.
Physician Market Structure, Patient Outcomes, and Spending: An Examination of Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Koch Thomas , Wendling Brett , Wilson Nathan E.
Published: January 2018

Objective

To understand the impact of changes in physician market structure on clinical outcomes and health care utilization.

Data Sources

2005–2012 Medicare fee‐for‐service claims and enrollment data.

Study Design

We consider the effect of cardiology market structure on utilization and health outcomes for four patient populations. We estimate the risk‐adjusted impact of competition using multivariate regression models.

Principal Findings

The study finds that an increase in consolidation leads to statistically and economically significant increases in negative health outcomes. For example, we find that moving from a zip code at the 25th percentile of cardiology market concentration to one at the 75th percentile would be associated with 5 to 7 percent increases in risk‐adjusted mortality for three of the sample populations. We also found higher expenditures in more concentrated markets. For example, moving from a zip code at the 25th percentile of cardiology market concentration to one at the 75th would be associated with 7 to 11 percent increases in expenditures, depending on sample population.

Conclusions

Our estimates indicate that increases in cardiology market concentration are associated with worse health outcomes and higher health care expenditures. Some effects may be attributed to vertical as well as horizontal changes.
Investor Behavior and the Benefits of Direct Stock Ownership
Authors: BERNARD DARREN , CADE NICOLE L. , HODGE FRANK
Published: January 2018

Using an experiment to rule out reverse causality, we examine whether a small investment in a company's stock leads investors to purchase more of the company's products and adopt other views and preferences that benefit the company. We preregister our research methods, hypotheses, and supplemental analyses via the Journal of Accounting Research’s registration‐based editorial process. We find little evidence consistent with these hypotheses for the average investor in our sample using our planned univariate hypothesis tests, and planned Bayesian parameter estimation shows substantial downward belief revision for more optimistic ex ante expectations of the treatment effects. In planned supplemental analyses, however, we do find that the effects of ownership on product purchase behavior and on regulatory preferences are intuitively stronger for certain subgroups of investors—namely, for investors who are most likely to purchase the types of products offered by the company and for investors who are most likely to vote on political matters. The results contribute to our understanding of the benefits of direct stock ownership and are informative to public company managers and directors.