bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Hazard Interrelationships and Risk Scenarios in Urban Areas: A Case of Nairobi and Istanbul
Authors: Šakić Trogrlić Robert , Thompson Harriet E. , Menteşe Emin Yahya , Hussain Ekbal , Gill Joel C. , Taylor Faith E. , Mwangi Emmah , Öner Emine , Bukachi Vera G. , Malamud Bruce D.
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a methodology for characterizing the breadth of natural hazard types, hazard interrelationships, and risk scenarios in Global South urban areas, focusing on Nairobi, Kenya, and Istanbul, Türkiye. Our approach involves (a) a comprehensive characterization of multi‐hazards and their interrelationships in an urban setting, (b) collaborative development of relevant multi‐hazard scenarios with local disaster risk reduction (DRR) stakeholders, and (c) analysis of the potential for integrating these scenarios into urban DRR efforts. Using a critical review of 135 sources (academic and gray literature, databases, online, and social media), we identify 19 natural hazard types that might influence Nairobi and 23 in Istanbul. We further identified in Nairobi 88 and Istanbul 105 hazard interrelationship pairs (e.g., an earthquake triggering landslides) out of a possible 576 interrelationships. These findings are cataloged in an extensive database, which informs the creation of multi‐hazard risk scenario exemplars for each city. These exemplars are refined through stakeholder engagement, involving four workshops (47 participants) and nine semi‐structured interviews with local DRR stakeholders. Despite the identified benefits, this engagement reveals a significant gap in integrating multi‐hazards into current urban policy and practice. Governance challenges are highlighted as a key barrier, but opportunities for better integration are also identified, including evolving policies and growing awareness among urban actors. Our approach, particularly relevant in data‐scarce urban areas of low‐ and middle‐income countries, provides a framework for exploring multi‐hazard issues in various urban contexts.
Surface Quasi Geostrophic Reconstruction of Vertical Velocities and Vertical Heat Fluxes in the Southern Ocean: Perspectives for SWOT
Authors: Carli Elisa , Siegelman Lia , Morrow Rosemary , Vergara Oscar
Published: September 2024

Mesoscale currents account for 80% of the ocean's kinetic energy, whereas submesoscale currents capture 50% of the vertical velocity variance. SWOT's first sea surface height (SSH) observations have a spatial resolution an order of magnitude greater than traditional nadir‐looking altimeters and capture mesoscale and submesoscale features. This enables the derivation of submesoscale vertical velocities, crucial for the vertical transport of heat, carbon and nutrients between the ocean interior and the surface. This work focuses on a mesoscale energetic region south of Tasmania using a coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulation at km‐scale resolution and preliminary SWOT SSH observations. Vertical velocities (w), temperature anomalies and vertical heat fluxes (VHF) from the surface down to 1,000 m are reconstructed using effective surface Quasi‐Geostrophic (sQG) theory. An independent method for reconstructing temperature anomalies, mimicking an operational gridded product, is also developed. Results show that sQG reconstructs 90% of the modeled w and VHF rms at scales down to 30 km just below the mixed layer and 50%–70% of the rms for scales larger than 70 km at greater depth, with a spatial correlation of 0.6. The reconstruction is spectrally coherent for scales larger than 30–40 km at the surface, slightly degrading ( 0.55) at depth. Two temperature anomaly data sets yield similar results, indicating the dominance of w on VHF. The RMS of sQG and VHF derived from SWOT are twice as large as those derived from conventional altimetry, highlighting the potential of SWOT for reconstructing energetic meso and submesoscale dynamics in the ocean interior.
Emerin mislocalization during chromatin bridge resolution can drive prostate cancer cell invasiveness in a collagen-rich microenvironment
Authors: Popęda Marta , Kowalski Kamil , Wenta Tomasz , Beznoussenko Galina V. , Rychłowski Michał , Mironov Alexander , Lavagnino Zeno , Barozzi Sara , Richert Julia , Bertolio Rebecca , Myszczyński Kamil , Szade Jolanta , Bieńkowski Michał , Miszewski Kevin , Matuszewski Marcin , Żaczek Anna J. , Braga Luca , Del Sal Giannino , Bednarz-Knoll Natalia , Maiuri Paolo , Nastały Paulina
Published: September 2024

Micronuclei (MN) can form through many mechanisms, including the breakage of aberrant cytokinetic chromatin bridges. The frequent observation of MN in tumors suggests that they might not merely be passive elements but could instead play active roles in tumor progression. Here, we propose a mechanism through which the presence of micronuclei could induce specific phenotypic and functional changes in cells and increase the invasive potential of cancer cells. Through the integration of diverse in vitro imaging and molecular techniques supported by clinical samples from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) defined as high-risk by the D’Amico classification, we demonstrate that the resolution of chromosome bridges can result in the accumulation of Emerin and the formation of Emerin-rich MN. These structures are negative for Lamin A/C and positive for the Lamin-B receptor and Sec61β. MN can act as a protein sinks and result in the pauperization of Emerin from the nuclear envelope. The Emerin mislocalization phenotype is associated with a molecular signature that is correlated with a poor prognosis in PCa patients and is enriched in metastatic samples. Emerin mislocalization corresponds with increases in the migratory and invasive potential of tumor cells, especially in a collagen-rich microenvironment. Our study demonstrates that the mislocalization of Emerin to MN results in increased cell invasiveness, thereby worsening patient prognosis.
Harnessing the capabilities of VCSELs: unlocking the potential for advanced integrated photonic devices and systems
Authors: Pan Guanzhong , Xun Meng , Zhou Xiaoli , Sun Yun , Dong Yibo , Wu Dexin
Published: September 2024

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a versatile and promising platform for developing advanced integrated photonic devices and systems due to their low power consumption, high modulation bandwidth, small footprint, excellent scalability, and compatibility with monolithic integration. By combining these unique capabilities of VCSELs with the functionalities offered by micro/nano optical structures (e.g. metasurfaces), it enables various versatile energy-efficient integrated photonic devices and systems with compact size, enhanced performance, and improved reliability and functionality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art versatile integrated photonic devices/systems based on VCSELs, including photonic neural networks, vortex beam emitters, holographic devices, beam deflectors, atomic sensors, and biosensors. By leveraging the capabilities of VCSELs, these integrated photonic devices/systems open up new opportunities in various fields, including artificial intelligence, large-capacity optical communication, imaging, biosensing, and so on. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a detailed understanding of the pivotal role played by VCSELs in integrated photonics and highlight their significance in advancing the field towards efficient, compact, and versatile photonic solutions.
The multifaceted role of mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Khaliulin Igor , Hamoudi Wajeha , Amal Haitham
Published: September 2024

Normal brain functioning relies on high aerobic energy production provided by mitochondria. Failure to supply a sufficient amount of energy, seen in different brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may have a significant negative impact on brain development and support of different brain functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, manifested in the abnormal activities of the electron transport chain and impaired energy metabolism, greatly contributes to ASD. The aberrant functioning of this organelle is of such high importance that ASD has been proposed as a mitochondrial disease. It should be noted that aerobic energy production is not the only function of the mitochondria. In particular, these organelles are involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, different mechanisms of programmed cell death, autophagy, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) production. Several syndromes originated from mitochondria-related mutations display ASD phenotype. Abnormalities in Ca2+ handling and ATP production in the brain mitochondria affect synaptic transmission, plasticity, and synaptic development, contributing to ASD. ROS and Ca2+ regulate the activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). The prolonged opening of this pore affects the redox state of the mitochondria, impairs oxidative phosphorylation, and activates apoptosis, ultimately leading to cell death. A dysregulation between the enhanced mitochondria-related processes of apoptosis and the inhibited autophagy leads to the accumulation of toxic products in the brains of individuals with ASD. Although many mitochondria-related mechanisms still have to be investigated, and whether they are the cause or consequence of this disorder is still unknown, the accumulating data show that the breakdown of any of the mitochondrial functions may contribute to abnormal brain development leading to ASD. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted role of mitochondria in ASD from the various aspects of neuroscience.
A phase II clinical trial of toripalimab in advanced solid tumors with polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta (POLE/POLD1) mutation
Authors: Jin Ying , Huang Run-Jie , Guan Wen-Long , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Mai Zong-Jiong , Li Yu-Hong , Xiao Jian , Zhang Xing , Zhao Qi , Chen Shi-Fu , Liu Ming , Shi Yan-Xia , Wang Feng , Xu Rui-Hua
Published: September 2024

Patients carrying mutations in polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta have shown positive responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Yet, prospective trials exploring the efficacy in those with polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta mutations are still lacking. A phase II clinical trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of toripalimab, a humanized IgG4K monoclonal antibody to human PD-1, in patients with advanced solid tumors with unselected polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta mutations but without microsatellite instability-high. A total of 15 patients were enrolled, 14 of whom were assessed for treatment efficacy. There was a 21.4% overall response rate, with a disease control rate of 57.1%. The median overall survival and median progression-free survival were 17.9 (95% CI 13.5-not reach) months and 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-not reach) months, respectively. For patients with exonuclease domain mutations, the objective response rate was 66.7% (2/3), with a disease control rate of 66.7% (2/3). For those with non-exonuclease domain mutations, the rates were 9.1% (1/11) and 54.5% (6/11), respectively. Notably, patients with PBRM1 gene mutations exhibited a high response rate to toripalimab at 75.0% (3/4). This study showed that neither the exonuclease domain mutations nor non-exonuclease domain mutations could fully predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, urging the need for more investigations to clarify potential immune sensitization differences within polymerase epsilon/polymerase delta mutation variants.
Reduced Intensity transplantation vs chemotherapy in CR1. A prospective, pseudorandomized study in 50–70 year old AML patients
Authors: Brune Mats , Kiss Thomas , Anderson Harald , Nicklasson Malin , Delage Robert , Finke Jürgen , Gedde-Dahl Tobias , Hébert Josée , Höglund Martin , Kaare Ain , Lazarevic Vladimir , Möllgård Lars , Remes Kari , Ritchie David , Spyridonidis Alexandros , Sabloff Mitchell , Spearing Ruth , Wallhult Elisabeth , Ljungman Per
Published: September 2024

The aim of this prospective, international multicenter, pseudorandomized study comparing RICT HCT to standard-of-care chemotherapy in intermediate- or high-risk AML patients 50–70 years using the donor versus no-donor concept. Part 1 included only patients with potential family donors (RD) at the date of HLA-typing of the first potential sibling or CR-date, if later. Part 2 allowed the inclusion of patients without a possible sibling donor using the start of an unrelated donor (URD) search as inclusion date. 360 patients were registered and 309 analyzed. The median follow-up was 47 months (1–168). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the RD (n = 124) and the Control (n = 77) groups (p = 0.50, 3-year OS RD: 0.41(95% CI; 0.32–0.50); Controls: 0.49 (95% CI; 0.37–0.59)). The main cause of death was relapse (67% RD; 88% Controls). In Part 2, the 3-year OS was 0.60 (95% CI 0.50–0.70) for URD-HCT (n = 86) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.13–0.62) for Controls (n = 20), respectively (p = 0.10). When analyzing transplanted patients (Part 2), the OS at 3-years was higher for URD-HCT than RD-HCT (0.67 (0.55–0.76) vs. 0.42 (0.26–0.57; p = 0.005). This study doesn’t support elderly HLA-identical siblings as donors for older AML patients undergoing a RICT allogeneic HCT in first CR.
Inhibition of inflammatory osteoclasts accelerates callus remodeling in osteoporotic fractures by enhancing CGRP+TrkA+ signaling
Authors: Shu Yuexia , Tan Zhenyu , Pan Zhen , Chen Yujie , Wang Jielin , He Jieming , Wang Jia , Wang Yuan
Published: September 2024

Impaired callus remodeling significantly contributes to the delayed healing of osteoporotic fractures; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sensory neuronal signaling plays a crucial role in bone repair. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathological mechanisms hindering bone remodeling in osteoporotic fractures, particularly focusing on the role of sensory neuronal signaling. We demonstrate that in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, the loss of CGRP+TrkA+ sensory neuronal signaling during callus remodeling correlates with increased Cx3cr1+iOCs expression within the bone callus. Conditional knockout of Cx3cr1+iOCs restored CGRP+TrkA+ sensory neuronal, enabling normal callus remodeling progression. Mechanistically, we further demonstrate that Cx3cr1+iOCs secrete Sema3A in the osteoporotic fracture repair microenvironment, inhibiting CGRP+TrkA+ sensory neurons’ axonal regeneration and suppressing nerve–bone signaling exchange, thus hindering bone remodeling. Lastly, in human samples, we observed an association between the loss of CGRP+TrkA+ sensory neuronal signaling and increased expression of Cx3cr1+iOCs. In conclusion, enhancing CGRP+TrkA+ sensory nerve signaling by inhibiting Cx3cr1+iOCs activity presents a potential strategy for treating delayed healing in osteoporotic fractures.
PIM1 kinase promotes EMT-associated osimertinib resistance via regulating GSK3β signaling pathway in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wang Xinyue , Li Zhaona , Wang Fan , Cao Lianjing , Chen Xiuqiong , Huang Dingzhi , Jiang Richeng
Published: September 2024

Acquired resistance is inevitable in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with osimertinib, and one of the primary mechanisms responsible for this resistance is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We identify upregulation of the proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) and functional inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) as drivers of EMT-associated osimertinib resistance. Upregulation of PIM1 promotes the growth, invasion, and resistance of osimertinib-resistant cells and is significantly correlated with EMT molecules expression. Functionally, PIM1 suppresses the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAIL) and snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SLUG) by deactivating GSK3β through phosphorylation. The stability and accumulation of SNAIL and SLUG facilitate EMT and encourage osimertinib resistance. Furthermore, treatment with PIM1 inhibitors prevents EMT progression and re-sensitizes osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells to osimertinib. PIM1/GSK3β signaling is activated in clinical samples of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC, and dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/PIM1 blockade synergistically reverse osimertinib-resistant NSCLC in vivo. These data identify PIM1 as a driver of EMT-associated osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells and predict that PIM1 inhibitors and osimertinib combination therapy will provide clinical benefit in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
A decision-making framework to maximise the evolutionary potential of populations - Genetic and genomic insights from the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) at its range limits
Authors: Barratt Christopher D. , Preißler Kathleen , Jennert Pauline R. , Eckhardt Falk , Nadjafzadeh Mirjam , Steinfartz Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Anthropogenic habitat modification and climate change are fundamental drivers of biodiversity declines, reducing the evolutionary potential of species, particularly at their distributional limits. Supportive breeding or reintroductions of individuals are often made to replenish declining populations, sometimes informed by genetic analysis. However, most approaches utilised (i.e. single locus markers) do not have the resolution to account for local adaptation to environmental conditions, a crucial aspect to consider when selecting donor and recipient populations. Here, we incorporate genetic (microsatellite) and genome-wide SNP (ddRAD-seq) markers, accounting for both neutral and putative adaptive genetic diversity, to inform the conservation management of the threatened common midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans at the northern and eastern edges of its range in Europe. We find geographically structured populations (n = 4), weak genetic differentiation and fairly consistent levels of genetic diversity across localities (observed heterozygosity and allelic richness). Categorising individuals based on putatively adaptive regions of the genome showed that the majority of localities are not strongly locally adapted. However, several localities present high numbers of private alleles in tandem with local adaptation to warmer conditions and rough topography. Combining genetic diversity and local adaptations with estimates of migration rates, we develop a decision-making framework for selecting donor and recipient populations which maximises the geographic dispersal of neutral and putatively adaptive genetic diversity. Our framework is generally applicable to any species, but especially to amphibians, so armed with this information, conservationists may avoid the reintroduction of unsuitable/maladapted individuals to new sites and increase the evolutionary potential of populations within species.
Fibre-specific mitochondrial protein abundance is linked to resting and post-training mitochondrial content in the muscle of men
Authors: Reisman Elizabeth G. , Botella Javier , Huang Cheng , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Stroud David A. , Granata Cesare , Chandrasiri Owala S. , Ramm Georg , Oorschot Viola , Caruana Nikeisha J. , Bishop David J.
Published: September 2024

Analyses of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle have mostly used whole-muscle samples, where results may be confounded by the presence of a mixture of type I and II muscle fibres. Using our adapted mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow, we provide insights into fibre-specific mitochondrial differences in the human skeletal muscle of men before and after training. Our findings challenge previous conclusions regarding the extent of fibre-type-specific remodelling of the mitochondrial proteome and suggest that most baseline differences in mitochondrial protein abundances between fibre types reported by us, and others, might be due to differences in total mitochondrial content or a consequence of adaptations to habitual physical activity (or inactivity). Most training-induced changes in different mitochondrial functional groups, in both fibre types, were no longer significant in our study when normalised to changes in markers of mitochondrial content.
Giant impact on early Ganymede and its subsequent reorientation
Authors: Hirata Naoyuki
Published: September 2024

Ganymede has an ancient impact structure called a furrow system. The furrow system is the largest impact structure in the outer solar system, and the impact should have significantly affected Ganymede’s early history; however, its effects are poorly understood. No attention has been given to the center of the furrow system coinciding with Ganymede's tidal axis, indicating that mass redistribution induced by the furrow-forming impact caused a reorientation (true polar wander) of Ganymede. We propose that the impact ejecta created a mass anomaly that reoriented the impact site toward the tidal axis. We found that an impactor with a radius of 150 km and an incidence angle between 60° and 90° most accurately reproduces the current location of the furrow system. We predict that future explorations would reveal remnant topographic profiles or gravity anomalies associated with the furrow-forming impact and reorientation. Additionally, various possible explanations for the reorientation of Ganymede, such as an impactor-origin mascon beneath the basin or a thickness variation in the lithosphere, should be studied.
Single-strand DNA-binding protein suppresses illegitimate recombination in Escherichia coli, acting in synergy with RecQ helicase
Authors: Feliciello Isidoro , Ljubić Sven , Đermić Edyta , Ivanković Siniša , Zahradka Davor , Đermić Damir
Published: September 2024

Single-strand DNA-binding proteins SSB/RPA are ubiquitous and essential proteins that bind ssDNA in bacteria/eukaryotes and coordinate DNA metabolic processes such as replication, repair, and recombination. SSB protects ssDNA from degradation by nucleases, while also facilitating/regulating the activity of multiple partner proteins involved in DNA processes. Using Spi− assay, which detects aberrantly excised λ prophage from the E. coli chromosome as a measure of illegitimate recombination (IR) occurrence, we have shown that SSB inhibits IR in several DSB resection pathways. The conditional ssb-1 mutation produced a higher IR increase at the nonpermissive temperature than the recQ inactivation. A double ssb-1 recQ mutant had an even higher level of IR, while showing reduced homologous recombination (HR). Remarkably, the ssb gene overexpression complemented recQ deficiency in suppressing IR, indicating that the SSB function is epistatic to RecQ. Overproduced truncated SSBΔC8 protein, which binds to ssDNA, but does not interact with partner proteins, only partially complemented recQ and ssb-1 mutations, while causing an IR increase in otherwise wild-type bacteria, suggesting that ssDNA binding of SSB is required but not sufficient for effective IR inhibition, which rather entails interaction with RecQ and likely some other protein(s). Our results depict SSB as the main genome caretaker in E. coli, which facilitates HR while inhibiting IR. In enabling high-fidelity DSB repair under physiological conditions SSB is assisted by RecQ helicase, whose activity it controls. Conversely, an excess of SSB renders RecQ redundant for IR suppression.
Exploring steric sea level variability in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean: a three-decade study (1993–2022)
Authors: Ghomsi Franck Eitel Kemgang , Mohamed Bayoumy , Raj Roshin P. , Bonaduce Antonio , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Nagy Hazem , Quartly Graham D. , Johannessen Ola M.
Published: September 2024

Sea level rise (SLR) poses a significant threat to coastal regions worldwide, particularly affecting over 60 million people living below 10 m above sea level along the African coast. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal trends of sea level anomaly (SLA) and its components (thermosteric, halosteric and ocean mass) in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean (ETAO) from 1993 to 2022. The SLA trend for the ETAO, derived from satellite altimetry, is 3.52 ± 0.47 mm/year, similar to the global average of 3.56 ± 0.67 mm/year. Of the three upwelling regions, the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) shows the highest regional trend of 3.42 ± 0.12 mm/year. Using the ARMORD3D dataset, a positive thermosteric sea level trend of 0.88 ± 0.04 mm/year is observed, particularly in the equatorial and southern Atlantic regions. The steric component drives the interannual SLA variability, while the ocean mass component dominates the long-term trends, as confirmed by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions for 2002–2022. For those two decades, the total SLR from altimetry amounts to 3.80 ± 0.8 mm/year, whilst the steric component is reduced to only 0.19 ± 0.05 mm/year, leaving a residual increase in the ETAO of 3.69 ± 0.5 mm/year. The independent mass change from GRACE amounts to 2.78 ± 0.6 mm/year for this region, which just closes the sea level budget within present uncertainty levels. Spatial analysis of the steric components indicates a warming along the equatorial African coast including the GoG and a freshening near Angola. Strong correlations with regional climate factors, particularly the Tropical South Atlantic Index, highlight the influence of persistent climate modes. These findings underscore the urgent need for mitigation and adaptation strategies to SLR in the ETAO, especially for densely populated coastal communities.
Shared genetic architecture between gastro-esophageal reflux disease, asthma, and allergic diseases
Authors: Gong Tong , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Harder Arvid , Lundholm Cecilia , Smew Awad I. , Lehto Kelli , Andreasson Anna , Lu Yi , Talley Nicholas J. , Pasman Joëlle A. , Almqvist Catarina , Brew Bronwyn K.
Published: September 2024

The aim is to investigate the evidence for shared genetic architecture between each of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Structural equation models (SEM) and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses are applied to three Swedish twin cohorts (n = 46,582) and reveal a modest genetic correlation between GERD and asthma of 0.18 and bidirectional PRS and phenotypic associations ranging between OR 1.09-1.14 and no correlations for eczema and allergic rhinitis. Linkage disequilibrium score regression is applied to summary statistics of recently published GERD and asthma/allergic disease genome wide association studies and reveals a genetic correlation of 0.48 for asthma and GERD, and Genomic SEM supports a single latent factor. A gene-/gene-set analysis using MAGMA reveals six pleiotropic genes (two at 12q13.2) associated with asthma and GERD. This study provides evidence that there is a common genetic architecture unique to asthma and GERD that may explain comorbidity and requires further investigation.
Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral digital therapeutic on psychosocial outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Betz Linda T. , Jacob Gitta A. , Knitza Johannes , Koehm Michaela , Behrens Frank
Published: September 2024

Cognitive behavioral therapy improves psychosocial outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but access is limited. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral digital therapeutic, reclarit, on psychosocial outcomes in adult RA patients with impaired health-related quality of life. Participants were randomized to reclarit plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus educational and informational material (active control). The primary outcome was SF-36 mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summary scores at 3 months, with additional assessments at 6 months. reclarit significantly improved SF-36 MCS scores compared to control (mean difference 3.3 [95% CI 0.7, 5.9]; p = 0.014), with high user satisfaction and sustained improvements at 6 months. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, and social/work functioning also improved significantly, while SF-36 PCS, pain, and disability scores did not differ. In conclusion, reclarit offers immediate, effective, evidence-based and personalized psychological support for RA patients.
Abundant mRNA m1A modification in dinoflagellates: a new layer of gene regulation
Authors: Li Chongping , Li Ying , Guo Jia , Wang Yuci , Shi Xiaoyan , Zhang Yangyi , Liang Nan , Ma Honghui , Yuan Jie , Xu Jiawei , Chen Hao
Published: September 2024

Dinoflagellates, a class of unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton, exhibit minimal transcriptional regulation, representing a unique model for exploring gene expression. The biosynthesis, distribution, regulation, and function of mRNA N1-methyladenosine (m1A) remain controversial due to its limited presence in typical eukaryotic mRNA. This study provides a comprehensive map of m1A in dinoflagellate mRNA and shows that m1A, rather than N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in various dinoflagellate species, with an asymmetric distribution along mature transcripts. In Amphidinium carterae, we identify 6549 m1A sites characterized by a non-tRNA T-loop-like sequence motif within the transcripts of 3196 genes, many of which are involved in regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Enriched within 3′UTRs, dinoflagellate mRNA m1A levels negatively correlate with translation efficiency. Nitrogen depletion further decreases mRNA m1A levels. Our data suggest that distinctive patterns of m1A modification might influence the expression of metabolism-related genes through translational control.
Rational structure-guided design of a blood stage malaria vaccine immunogen presenting a single epitope from PfRH5
Authors: Harrison Thomas E , Alam Nawsad , Farrell Brendan , Quinkert Doris , Lias Amelia M , King Lloyd D W , Barfod Lea K , Draper Simon J , Campeotto Ivan , Higgins Matthew K
Published: September 2024

There is an urgent need for improved malaria vaccine immunogens. Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum is essential for its life cycle, preceding symptoms of disease and parasite transmission. Antibodies which target PfRH5 are highly effective at preventing erythrocyte invasion and the most potent growth-inhibitory antibodies bind a single epitope. Here we use structure-guided approaches to design a small synthetic immunogen, RH5-34EM which recapitulates this epitope. Structural biology and biophysics demonstrate that RH5-34EM is correctly folded and binds neutralising monoclonal antibodies with nanomolar affinity. In immunised rats, RH5-34EM induces PfRH5-targeting antibodies that inhibit parasite growth. While PfRH5-specific antibodies were induced at a lower concentration by RH5-34EM than by PfRH5, RH5-34EM induced antibodies that were a thousand-fold more growth-inhibitory as a factor of PfRH5-specific antibody concentration. Finally, we show that priming with RH5-34EM and boosting with PfRH5 achieves the best balance between antibody quality and quantity and induces the most effective growth-inhibitory response. This rationally designed vaccine immunogen is now available for use as part of future malaria vaccines, alone or in combination with other immunogens.
A compendium of all-in-one solar-driven water splitting using ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts: guiding the path from the past to the limitless future
Authors: Chong Wei-Kean , Ng Boon-Junn , Tan Lling-Lling , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: September 2024

We discuss the unique properties of zinc indium sulfide associated with the exploitation of multifarious material design strategies to realise sustainable solar-driven overall water splitting for green hydrogen production.
Selective labelling of GBA2 in cells with fluorescent β-d-arabinofuranosyl cyclitol aziridines
Authors: Su Qin , Louwerse Max , Lammers Rob F. , Maurits Elmer , Janssen Max , Boot Rolf G. , Borlandelli Valentina , Offen Wendy A. , Linzel Daniël , Schröder Sybrin P. , Davies Gideon J. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Artola Marta , Aerts Johannes M. F. G.
Published: September 2024

Fluorescent β-d-arabinofuranosyl cyclitol aziridine activity-based probes potently and selectively label GBA2 both in vitro and in cellulo, allowing visualization of overexpressed GBA2 using fluorescent microscopy.
Rapid quantification of disaccharide isomers by derivatization in combination with ion mobility spectrometry in beer and milk
Authors: Ye Keqi , Ye Jiacheng , Yan Yinghua , Ding Chuan-Fan
Published: September 2024

This work introduces rapid quantification of disaccharide isomers by derivatization in combination with ion mobility spectrometry in beer and milk.
A rapid optimization method for Sepbox system separation using HPTLC: an application of Cerbera manghas L. separation
Authors: Liu Ta-Wei , Lin Po-Yen , Chu Man-Hsiu , Wang San-Yuan , Lee Ching-Kuo
Published: September 2024

The rapid isolation of natural products and efficient drug screening are pivotal in expediting drug development.
Exploring soil multi-parameter stacking measurement through Raman and NIR dual-spectroscopy
Authors: Sang Qiong , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhao Yue , Cai Lijing , Liu Jinming , Tong Liang , Zhai Zhe
Published: September 2024

The excessive use of fertilizers can lead to increased production costs, degraded soil quality, diminished product excellence, and environmental contamination.
Fundamentally intertwined: anharmonic intermolecular interactions dictate both thermal expansion and terahertz lattice dynamics in molecular crystals
Authors: Juneja Navkiran , Hastings Josephine L. , Stoll William B. , Brennessel William W. , Zarrella Salvatore , Sornberger Parker , Catalano Luca , Korter Timothy M. , Ruggiero Michael T.
Published: September 2024

Anisotropic thermal expansion behavior of a co-crystalline system was investigated using low-frequency vibrational spectroscopy within the context of anharmonic dynamics.
Photocatalytic synthesis of polyfluoroalkylated dihydropyrazoles and tetrahydropyridazines
Authors: Liu Lingli , Xiang Chengli , Pan Changduo , Yu Jin-Tao
Published: September 2024

A photocatalytic polyfluoroalkylation/cyclization reaction of N-allyl and N-homoallyl aldehyde hydrazones was developed for the construction of polyfluoroalkylated dihydropyrazoles and tetrahydropyridazines.
Phosphine-catalyzed enantioselective and diastereodivergent [3+2] cyclization for the construction of oxetane dispirooxindole skeletons
Authors: Han Xiao , Hou Jie , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Zhen , Yao Weijun
Published: September 2024

Enationselective and diastereodivergent [3+2] cyclization of 3-oxetanone derived MBH carbonates with activated methyleneoxindole was realized, to construct oxetane dispirooxindole skeletons.
Halogen bonding BODIPY-appended pillar[5]arene for the optical sensing of dicarboxylates and a chemical warfare agent simulant
Authors: Taylor Andrew J. , Wilmore Jamie T. , Beer Paul D.
Published: September 2024

A novel halogen bonding pillararene, decorated with BODIPY fluorescent reporter groups, demonstrated strong sensing of environmentally damaging dicarboxylates and a chemical warfare agent simulant in highly competitive aqueous-containing media.
Design of sulfonimide anions for rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Feng Wenfang , Zhou Zhibin , Zhang Heng
Published: September 2024

Key achievements in the design of sulfonimide salts as electrolyte materials for rechargeable batteries are highlighted.
Enhancing the efficiency and stability of electrocatalysts for water splitting: NiCo-LDH nanosheet arrays at high current density
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Wang Tiantian , Yu Yongren , You Junhua , Hu Fang , Zhao Depeng
Published: September 2024

The development of low-cost, efficient, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts is very important for the development of renewable energy.
Turning CO2 into treasure: the promise of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zeeshan Mohd , Khan Mohammad Yasir , Khan Ruheen , Mehtab Mohd , Shahid M.
Published: September 2024

The state of the art developments and the application of MOFs as suitable catalysts for capturing and converting CO2 into valuable chemical products are critically reviewed in this perspective.
Urocanic acid as a novel scaffold for next-gen nature-inspired sunscreens: II. Time-resolved spectroscopy under solution conditions
Authors: Fan Jiayun , Wooley Jack M. , Sanders Hans , Stavros Vasilios G. , Buma Wybren Jan
Published: September 2024

Time-resolved laser spectroscopic studies on urocanic acid and derivatives on timescales ranging from femtoseconds to hours pave the way to tailor their UV screening properties and elucidate the wavelength dependence of its aqueous photochemistry.
Discovery of a urea-based hit compound as a novel inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor: in silico and in vitro studies
Authors: Li Yaxin , Liu Sisi , Wang Zhuoya , Wang Xiaoli , Xu Jiamin , Yao Keke , Zhang Ranran , Lu Chenxuan , Wu Zhigang , Hu Liming
Published: September 2024

An efficient virtual screening pipeline was developed and eighty compounds were screened from a pool of over 17 million molecules based on docking scores and binding free energy. Cpd272 demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against TGFβR1.
Performance parameters of infra-red and visible-active MXene photocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Shaw Swati , Ghosh Subhradip
Published: September 2024

Water splitting reactions through photocatalysis are an efficient and sustainable technique for the generation of green energy.
Photocatalytic C–C coupling reactions of benzyl alcohol for obtaining hydrobenzoin over Z-scheme ZnS/ZnIn2S4
Authors: Jin Xinyu , Cai Chun
Published: September 2024

The Z-scheme ZnS/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions with sulphur vacancies were constructed for photocatalytic redox system to selectively oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol into valuable hydrobenzoin.
A highly pyrrolic-N doped carbon modified SiOx anode for superior lithium storage
Authors: Yan Ziqiao , Huang Xiuhuan , Wei Xiujuan , Xu Manyuan , Huang Jinqiu , Wu Shuxing , Ye Kai-Hang , Lin Zhan
Published: September 2024

SiOx@NC materials are prepared via a simple two-step carbonization process, showing excellent cycling and rate performance for lithium-ion batteries.
Recent trends in the encapsulation of functional lipids: comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Anand , Singh Upendra , Jaiswal Swapnil G. , Dave Jaydeep , Wei Shuai , Hailu Gebremichael Gebremedhin
Published: September 2024

Recently, the demand for natural foods with promising health benefits has increased daily.
Concluding remarks: Dense ionic fluids: because sometimes, more is more
Authors: Atkin Rob
Published: September 2024

A DIF is a electrolyte where the ion–ion distance is smaller than the Bjerrum length, causing strong electrostatic coupling in correlated domains. Ionic domains may be interspersed with non-polar or immiscible regions.
Atomic diffraction by nanoholes in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Osestad Eivind Kristen , Zossimova Ekaterina , Walter Michael , Holst Bodil , Fiedler Johannes
Published: September 2024

This theoretical study explores the capability to create nanostructures using matter waves, focusing on helium diffraction through h-BN holes. A quantum-mechanical model reveals how edge atom polarizability and hole size affect diffraction patterns.
Structural and molecular features of acetylcholinesterase targeting small molecules: leveraging in silico tools to combat Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Haque Ashanul , Alenezi Khalaf M. , Abdul Rasheed Mohd. Saeed Maulana
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that leads to the gradual decline of neuronal cells.
A new solid phase extractor based on cross-linked PMMA@CNTs/GNP for the removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes
Authors: Althomali Raed H. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Abdel-Fadeel Mohamed A.
Published: September 2024

The fabrication of cross-linked 1,10-diaminodecane-poly methyl methacrylate/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanocomposites PMMA/CNTs/GNP(a–c) has been executed effectively using a multistep chemical cross-linking reaction.
Dark blue azo dye degradation by the electro-Fenton process and reaction mechanism prediction via theoretical Fukui function analysis
Authors: Slama Nour El Houda , Masmoudi Ghazza , Fizer Maksym , Mahdhi Abdelkarim , Mariychuk Ruslan , Dhaouadi Hatem
Published: September 2024

The electro-Fenton process, based on a new electrode combination, was investigated for the degradation of dark blue azo dye. Fukui function calculations were performed to propose a theoretical degradation mechanism.
Diastereoselective dearomative bifunctionalization of isoquinolinium salts to access bridged tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Pei Jiaqi , Tang Tiantian , Zhang Jianing , Qin Yunlong , Cheng Pengfei , Wang Qilin
Published: September 2024

We report a diastereoselective dearomative bifunctionalization strategy of using isoquinolinium salts to access bridged tetrahydroisoquinolines through a one-pot three-component cascade process.
Highly efficient g-C3N4 catalysts derived from various precursors for aflatoxin B1 degradation under visible light
Authors: Wei Liang , Li Sihong , Wang Haibo , Mo Zimei , Chen Junji , Li Meng , Zhang Hongxi , Yang Jing , Yang Xiande
Published: September 2024

A g-C3N4 catalyst derived from urea had excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency (93.5%) for AFB1 within 30 min. The deactivation mechanism of AFB1 during photodegradation was also investigated.
Observation of Griffiths phase-like magnetic behavior in a frustrated antiferromagnetic system: Sr2InRuO6
Authors: Mukherjee Sumanta
Published: September 2024

An unusual observation of Griffiths phase-like magnetic behavior in an antiferromagnetic system, Sr2InRuO6, is reported. Presence of magnetic clusters and change of their properties like magnetization or concentration was found to be related to this unusual behavior.
Regioselective one-pot synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles over Ag–Zn-based nanoheterostructured catalysts
Authors: Gogoi Priyanka , Rahman Monisur , Hazarika Roktopol , Das Babulal , Deori Kalyanjyoti , Sarma Diganta
Published: September 2024

Exploration of Ag–Zn-based heterostructured nanoparticles as one of the most efficient and promising copper-free catalysts for scalable one-pot synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles at room temperature.
Molecularly rigid porous polyamine host enhances barium titanate catalysed H2O2 generation
Authors: Karunakaran Akalya , Bowen Chris R. , Dunn Steve , Pham Thuy-Phuong T. , Folli Andrea , Fletcher Philip J. , Carta Mariolino , McKeown Neil B. , Marken Frank
Published: September 2024

Barium titanate catalyst performance in hydrogen peroxide production is improved and the catalyst is re-usable, when embedded into the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-EA-TB.
Harnessing machine learning for efficient large-scale interatomic potential for sildenafil and pharmaceuticals containing H, C, N, O, and S
Authors: Nikidis E. , Kyriakopoulos N. , Tohid R. , Kachrimanis K. , Kioseoglou J.
Published: September 2024

A machine learning based interatomic potential for sildenafil and in general pharmaceuticals containing H, C, N, O, and S.
Highly dispersed ultrafine Ru nanoparticles on a honeycomb-like N-doped carbon matrix with modified rectifying contact for enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Pang Mingxin , Fang Yu , Chen Lizhang , Sun Ruoxu , Li Xinyu , Pang Huan , Zhang Songtao , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen
Published: September 2024

Herein, a Schottky electrocatalyst of Ru NPs@HNC is demonstrated. The rectifying contact between Ru NPs and HNC generates an internal electronic field, enhancing HER performance in alkaline medium.
Brønsted acid-promoted synthesis of highly functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles from diethyl (E)-5-diazo-4-oxohex-2-enedioate
Authors: Arunkumar Vemula , Balamurugan Rengarajan
Published: September 2024

A diacceptor diazo derivative undergoes a facile annulation with indoles promoted by a strong Brønsted acid to form tetrahydrocarbazoles.
Synthesis of a [2]catenane by ring closing metathesis of a [2]rotaxane prepared by crown ether active templation
Authors: Barlow Sean R. , Evans Nicholas H.
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of a [2]catenane prepared in excellent yield by ring closing metathesis (RCM) of a crown ether active template synthesis (CEATS) [2]rotaxane.
A review on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF–textile composites for personal protection
Authors: Li Junmei , Fan Yinan , Zhang Ruigan , Ban Demao , Duan Zhixuan , Liu Xiaoyuan , Liu Lifang
Published: September 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a research hotspot for effective adsorption and degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs).
Synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of cobalt(ii) complexes with pyridine-based macrocyclic ligand containing two pyridine pendant arms
Authors: Zahradníková Eva , Pichon Céline , Duhayon Carine , Sutter Jean-Pascal , Halaš Petr , Drahoš Bohuslav
Published: September 2024

Substantial magnetic anisotropy and SMM behavior was achieved using a series of distorted six-coordinate Co(ii) complexes with a 17-membered macrocyclic ligand containing two pyridine pendant arms.
Surface energy and stress driven growth of extremely long and high-density ZnO nanowires using a thermal step-oxidation process
Authors: Panda Sri Aurobindo , Choudhary Sumita , Barala Sushil , Hazra Arnab , Jena Suchit Kumar , Gangopadhyay Subhashis
Published: September 2024

Formation of ZnO nanowires during thermal oxidation of thin Zn films.
Levofloxacin reposition-based design: synthesis, biological evaluation of new levofloxacin derivatives targeting topoisomerase II beta polymerase as promising anticancer agents, molecular docking, and physicochemical characterization
Authors: Mahmoud Zeinab , Ismail Mohamed M. , Kamel Mona , Youssef Amira
Published: September 2024

Repositioning of already approved medications through repurposing or re-profiling for new medical uses after certain structural modifications is a novel approach in drug discovery.
Hydrothermal synthesis, structures, and catalytic performance of five coordination compounds driven by 5-aminoisophthalic acid
Authors: Mei Zhen-Zhong , Wang Hong-Yu , Ren Chao , Yang Ying , Gu Jin-Zhong
Published: September 2024

The structural and catalytic properties of five new compounds were investigated.
Probing the physical origins of droplet friction using a critically damped cantilever
Authors: Arunachalam Sankara , Lin Marcus , Daniel Dan
Published: September 2024

Critically damped droplet force apparatus enables high-speed friction measurements on superhydrophobic surfaces without ringing artefacts. This reveals a new regime, where Ffric ∝ U2/3, due to viscous dissipation in the air layer during lift-off.
Efficiency in photocatalytic production of hydrogen: energetic and sustainability implications
Authors: Sayago-Carro Rocío , Jiménez-Chavarriga Luis José , Fernández-García Esperanza , Kubacka Anna , Fernández-García Marcos
Published: September 2024

The efficiency of hydrogen generation through photocatalytic processes is analyzed from a dual perspective considering energetic and sustainability implications.