bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Null Controllability of Nonlinear Mixed Integro-differential Systems
Authors: Nse Celestin A. , Nama Faket K. , Oguara Richard
Published: April 2023

The present paper investigates the existence of mild solutions and provides sufficient conditions for the null controllability of nonlinear mixed integrodifferential systems with unbounded linear operators in Banach spaces. It is observed that, if the linear system is controllable, then the nonlinear equivalence is also controllable by subjecting certain smooth conditions on the perturbation function. The results are obtained using semi group of linear operators, fractional powers of operators and the Schauder fixed point theorem.
A New Algorithm to Determine Adomian Polynomials for Nonlinear Polynomial Functions
Authors: Bairagi Mithun
Published: April 2023

We present a new algorithm by which the Adomian polynomials can be determined for scalar-valued nonlinear polynomial functional in a Hilbert space. This algorithm calculates the Adomian polynomials without the complicated operations such as parametrization, expansion, regrouping, differentiation, etc. The algorithm involves only some matrix operations. Because of the simplicity in the mathematical operations, the new algorithm is faster and more efficient than the other algorithms previously reported in the literature. We also implement the algorithm in the MATHEMATICA code. The computing speed and efficiency of the new algorithm are compared with some other algorithms in the one-dimensional case.
Evaluation of Growth and Pollen Viability (Fertility) in Relation to Fruit Set among Five Varieties of Tomato
Authors: Pravallika Rai Narayana , Parveen Shama
Published: April 2023

The evaluation of pollen viability and fruit setting capacity are two essential criteria for pollinator’s characterization. This study was carried out to evaluate pollen Fertility/ viability in five Varieties of Tomatoes. We analyzed the viability of pollen grains of five different varieties of tomatoes grown in ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. Aceto- carmine method is used to estimate pollen viability. The germination percentage, pollen viability and Fruit setting rate were recorded at different stages respectively. Pollen viability in relation to fruit set was analyzed while growth parameters and fruit yield per plant of each variety were also collected and analyzed. Results displayed that the highest pollen viability rate (100%) was obtained in SWEAKAR-448 Variety followed by Arka Vikas (95%), ARJUN-135 (93%), 9005-SIRI (90%) and PKM-1 (80%). The highest percentage of germination (95%) was shown by 9005-SIRI Variety and maximum fruit setting (15-20 Fruits per plant) was recorded in the SWEAKAR-448 Variety. The results showed significant vegetative growth variations and correlations between pollen viability and fruit setting characters. In addition, it was found a noticeable variation in Pollen viability/fertility, was not proportional to fruit setting percentage. In general Pollen viability was directly linked to fruit set, whereas formation and fruit set were not in the tomato varieties that were investigated. Pollen viability was high, which was accompanied through a reduction in the number of fruit sets, fruit size and pollen viability in the field is highly variable, indicating that differences in microenvironment may have a profound effect on fruit setting and pollen viability.
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Different Character Association in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Late Sown Condition
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Nath Shiva , Patel Vinay , Kushwaha Chandramani , Yadav Vikas
Published: April 2023

In the present study, 102 chickpea germplasm showed wide range of variation for various characters evaluated during Rabi 2017-18 along with BG 372, Udai and Pant G 186 as checks varieties. The experiment was conducted in Augmented Block Design at Agronomy Research Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.). The observations were recorded on 11 quantitative characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, plant height (cm), pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant (g), seed yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and 100-seed weight (g). After analyzing the data statistical study of each characters genotypes revealed a wide range of results Genotypes GJG 1416 followed by BG 256, GJG 1416, PhuleG0819, IPC 2011-141 and IPC 1014 produced higher seed yield per plant and these genotypes constituted the top significant group for these traits..On other hand genotypes PDG 84-16, IPC 1014, H06-6, GJG 1401, GJG 1403 and JG2016-44 for early maturity;; BG 256, GJG 1209, GJG 1401, GJG 1416 and JG 11 were identified for high number of pods per plant; GJG 1416, GJG 1001, BG 256, RS 2011-06 and BG 3027 were identified for bold seed size; IPC 1014, PhuleG0805 and IPC 2010-134 for harvest index were found promising which may be used as potential donors for the traits in chickpea improvement programme. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive and highly significant correlations with secondary branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, harvest index and 100-seed weight. The positive significant correlations of seed yield per plant were found with primary branches per plant and non-significant with plant height. It exhibited negative non-significant association with days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity.
Effect of Different Locations and Transplanting Dates on the Performance of Lettuce var. Great Lakes under Wet Temperate Region of Himachal Pradesh-India
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Chauhan Aanchal , Kumari Reena , Shiwani Kumari , Thakur Priyanka , Thakur Neha
Published: April 2023

Lettuce is the topmost leafy salad vegetable grown in the world. Performance of lettuce varieties varies erratically under different sowing conditions. Recommendation of varieties should be given after evaluating them in a particular area first. Sowing time and climatic conditions affects the production and quality of the produce immensely. To study the effect of different locations and planting time an experiment was conducted at three different locations of Seraj valley of Mandi district, a wet temperate region of Himachal Pradesh, in year 2020. Experiment was laid out in RBD-factorial design using lettuce variety Great Lakes and locations and transplanting dates as two factors of the study. The experiment was carried out in three locations viz. village Bagsiad (L1), Lambathach (L2), Majakhal (L3) and the crop was transplanted on three transplanting dates viz. 15th April (T1), 30th April (T2), 15th May (T3). Observations were recorded for traits such as days to head initiation, number of non wrapper leaves, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), plant height (cm), head weight (g), yield per plot (kg) and yield per hectare (q). The performance of lettuce variety Great lakes was found significantly better over all the other treatments at village Lambathach when transplanted on 30th April.
Effect of Weeding Regime and Row Direction on Growth and Yield of Upland Rice in Uganda
Authors: Kaiira M. G. , Owere L. , Elesu M. , Chemayek B. , Etiang J.
Published: April 2023

A study determined the effects of row direction and integrated weed management on the growth, productivity and economics of upland rice at Ikulwe Research Station using a completely randomized block design, replicated thrice with NAMCHE 5 upland rice in Uganda (2021b & 2022b). 12 treatments with 6 weeding regimes namely Pre- emergence Butanil (PREB) + 1hand hoeing (HH), 2HH, 3HH, PREB + Post emergence Butanil (POEB), weekly weeding (42 days) and control (EW & NS orientation) were adopted. Nitrogen (100 kg) Phosphorus (60 kg) and Potash (40 kg) were applied ha-1. Collected data on plant height, tillers, leaves, panicles; and grains were subjected to ANOVA (13th edition Genstat). Higher growth and yield parameters were in EW than NS direction. Leaves (27-28 leaves), height (65-70 cm), tillers (5-6 tillers and panicles (4-5 panicles) plant-1 were high under 2HH, PREB +1HH, PREB + POEB and 3HH (EW) compared to similar treatments in NS direction during 2021b and 2022b. Grain yield (2.34 t ha-1; HH), (2.26 t ha-1; PREB + 1 HH), (2.01 t ha-1; PREB + POEB), (1.89 t ha-1; 3HH) was significantly high in 2021b. During 2022b increased panicles (4-5 panicles), panicle length (21 cm), grains panicle-1 (110-117 grains) and grain yield (3.8 - 4.4 t ha-1) were recorded relative to 2021b. Weekly weeding (EW) developed high grains panicle-1 (102 grains) and grain yield (3.0 t ha-1) in 2022b relative to reduced tillers (4.5 tillers), filled panicles (3.6 panicles) and grain yield (1.9 t ha-1) in 2021b. Row directions had no effect on leaf width and grass biomass was numerically higher under EW than NS direction. Benefit Cost Ratios and Marginal Rate of Returns were optimum under 2HH and PREB + 1HH (EW). 2HH and PREB + 1HH (EW) may be recommended in Uganda having been the most economic technologies.
Effect of Phosphorous and Vermicompost on Growth Characterstics and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.)
Authors: Mishra U. S. , Singh Dileep , Bais Bhoopendra Singh , Mishra Ashutosh , Singh Opendra Kumar , Gupta Abhinay
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Rajaula Agriculture farm, of Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.) during Rabi season of 2021-22. To study the effect of phosphorous and vermicompost on growth parameters, yield components and yield of chickpea the experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations in randomized block design with three replications. Chickpea variety GNG-1958 (Marudhar) was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of P2O5 @ 75 kg ha-1 + V @ 5.0 t ha-1 significantly recorded maximum growth parameters such as viz. plant height at 90 days (42.7 cm), number of leaves at 60 days (27.2) and number of nodule plant-1 (13.4), maximum yield attributing characters such as number of pod plant-1 (60.8), number of seed plant-1 (64.4) and seed index (27.56 gm). Similarly the maximum seed yield (17.2 q ha-1) was associated with the treatment fertilized with P2O5 @ 75 kg ha-1 + V @ 5.0 t ha-1.
Analysis of the Consumption of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIS) and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA), before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, in Community Pharmacies in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Rogério , Sousa Letícia Cristina Alves de , Tassara Kênnia Rodrigues , Pires Débora de Jesus , Wastowski Isabela Jubé
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live. It brought several effects to the lives of society as a whole and showed us an increase in the use of antidepressant medications.

Objective: To evaluate the consumption of antidepressants in the period from 2015 to 2020 and the estimate for 2021 to 2025; as well as possible animated between consumption and the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the different Brazilian regions.

Methodology: The research was developed in three stages. 1st stage: search for data in the National Controlled Products Management System (SNGPC). 2nd stage: research on the platform of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE for the collection of sociodemographic data and variables of interest. 3rd stage: descriptive statistical analysis, comparison of consumption rates and correlations to verify the association between numerical variables. Medians and interquartile ranges were left (median [Q1; Q3]) and the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman non-parametric test was performed (ρ using the R 4.0.2 software (R Core Team, 2020).

Results: If the increase in the consumption of antidepressant medications in the period from 2015 to 2021, and it is controlled that, in the year 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic by Covid-19, this increase of 15%, compared to the year 2019. However, the estimate from 2021 to 2022 is that there will be an increase of only 3% pre and pandemic caused by COVID-19 in Brazil Sociodemographic variables have a significant influence on the consumption of antidepressants.

Conclusion: An observation from the analytical side found that, in this study, the increased consumption of antidepressants in Brazil during the pre- and pandemic period caused by COVID-19. The study shows the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic conditions.
Flexural and Shear Behavior of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Beams: An Experimental Study
Authors: Budiman Franky , Chandra Jimmy , Halim Alvin , Pudjisuryadi Pamuda
Published: April 2023

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) provides many advantages for construction industry especially on productivity, waste, labor, and environment. Many researches have been conducted on the material development for 3DCP. However, there are not many researches which study the structural behavior of 3DCP. This experimental research aims to analyze flexural and shear behavior of 3D printed reinforced concrete beams. Five longitudinal reinforcement ratios were used to analyze crack patterns, failure mode, ductility, and capacity of those beams. The experimental results were then compared with analytical results by using ACI design code. The results show that higher longitudinal reinforcement ratio yields higher flexural and shear capacity of 3DCP beams. Due to layer-by-layer printing process, 3DCP beams are prone to local failure of filaments. Placement of longitudinal reinforcement might initiate macroscopic voids which could cause slippage and sudden drop on the capacity. Furthermore, ACI code underestimates the capacity of 3DCP beams failing in shear by some margins.
On the Weights for Characteristics and Comparables for Property Valuation using Quality Rating Valuation Estimation
Authors: Agustin Karina , Soewandi Hanijanto , Widjojo Susan
Published: April 2023

This study considers the problem of finding weights for building characteristics and compares buildings in property valuation to provide a more rigorous analytical foundation for a simple yet practical valuation technique knowns as Quality Rating Valuation Estimation (QRVE). Mathematically, we prove that the “best” characteristic weights can be obtained from Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MRA) coefficients. Furthermore, by applying the Gower Similarity index and the Partition Around Medoid (PAM) clustering technique, the proposed algorithm provides an appropriate similarity of the weighing of compared buildings. The case studies illustrate a way to select a subset of characteristics when there are many of them with two numerical examples, as well as a complete modification of QRVE in conjunction with the grid adjustment technique. The modified QRVE proposal results in a very reasonable and high valuation performance of the building value estimate.
A Practical Implementation of Brackish Water Treatment with Local Material in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hermawan Surya , Pranata Felix Jaya , Limantara Ivan Reynaldi , Steven Daniel , Fernaldi Jason , Prajogo Jescey Edlin
Published: April 2023

Indonesia, an archipelago with vast coastal areas consisting of 809 coastal villages, still faces the same problems of clean water scarcity and accessibility. This research goals are to discover appropriate inexpensive local filtering media and lower the salinity of brackish water in Sidoarjo Regency Indonesia. Regarding previous invention and research, this study deploy an experimental method by physical experiment including local materials along with  chemical experiment: ion exchangers as well as reverse osmosis (RO). The outcomes demonstrate that local media filtration utilizing a combination of a 10-micron filter, kaolin, zeolite, kaolin, activated carbon, and kaolin is the best combination to produce the most transparent, and odorless water. It can reduce Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) values by 8.59% and 7.18%, and reduce pH levels by 2.59%. On the other hand, reverse osmosis and ion exchange can achieve 99.5% and 67% reductions in TDS and EC values, respectively.
Prediction of Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Grid Fins using Low/High Fidelity Methods
Authors: Hur Ki-Hoon , Nam Hyunjae , Lim Kyungjin , Lee Yeongbin
Published: April 2023

To predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the grid fins from subsonic to supersonic speeds, low fidelity SW as well as CFD SW were applied. VLM(Vortex Lattice Method) and SE(Shock-Expansion) method were used at subsonic and supersonic speed domain respectively for the rapid prediction of low fidelity SW. For 2 configurations of the grid fins, the CFD computations and tests using the trisonic wind tunnel were also performed to compare the results of the grid fins. The results of low fidelity SW, CFD SW and the wind tunnel tests data were agreed well each other. Through further research on the grid fins, the effective parameters of the grid fin configurations according to the speed regime will be investigated.
Efficient Task-Resource Matchmaking Technique for Multiple/Heterogeneous Unmanned Combat Systems
Authors: Lee Young-il , Kim Hee-young , Park Wonik , Kim Chonghui
Published: April 2023

In the future battlefield centered on the concept of mosaic warfare, the need for an unmanned combat system will increase to value human life. It is necessary for Multiple/Heterogeneous Unmanned Combat Systems to have suitable mission planning method in order to perform various mission. In this paper, we propose the MTSR model for mission planning of the unmanned combat system, and introduce a method of identifying a task by a combination of services using a request operator and a method of allocating resources to perform a task using the requested service. In order to verify the performance of the proposed task-resource matchmaking algorithm, simulation using occupation scenarios is performed and the results are analyzed.
Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Response to 4 Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Sundström Johan , Lind Lars , Nowrouzi Shamim , Hagström Emil , Held Claes , Lytsy Per , Neal Bruce , Marttala Kerstin , Östlund Ollie
Published: April 2023

Importance

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death worldwide. Multiple blood pressure–lowering therapies are available but the potential for maximizing benefit by personalized targeting of drug classes is unknown.

Objective

To investigate and quantify the potential for targeting specific drugs to specific individuals to maximize blood pressure effects.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A randomized, double-blind, repeated crossover trial in men and women with grade 1 hypertension at low risk for cardiovascular events at an outpatient research clinic in Sweden. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the extent to which individuals responded better to one treatment than another and to estimate the additional blood pressure lowering achievable by personalized treatment.

Interventions

Each participant was scheduled for treatment in random order with 4 different classes of blood pressure–lowering drugs (lisinopril [angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor], candesartan [angiotensin-receptor blocker], hydrochlorothiazide [thiazide], and amlodipine [calcium channel blocker]), with repeated treatments for 2 classes.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Ambulatory daytime systolic blood pressure, measured at the end of each treatment period.

Results

There were 1468 completed treatment periods (median length, 56 days) recorded in 270 of the 280 randomized participants (54% men; mean age, 64 years). The blood pressure response to different treatments varied considerably between individuals (P < .001), specifically for the choices of lisinopril vs hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril vs amlodipine, candesartan vs hydrochlorothiazide, and candesartan vs amlodipine. Large differences were excluded for the choices of lisinopril vs candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide vs amlodipine. On average, personalized treatment had the potential to provide an additional 4.4 mm Hg–lower systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions and Relevance

These data reveal substantial heterogeneity in blood pressure response to drug therapy for hypertension, findings that may have implications for personalized therapy.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02774460
Operative Hysteroscopy vs Vacuum Aspiration for Incomplete Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Huchon Cyrille , Drioueche Hocine , Koskas Martin , Agostini Aubert , Bauville Estelle , Bourdel Nicolas , Fernandez Hervé , Fritel Xavier , Graesslin Olivier , Legendre Guillaume , Lucot Jean-Philippe , Panel Pierre , Raiffort Cyril , Giraudet Géraldine , Bussières Laurence , Fauconnier Arnaud
Published: April 2023

Importance

Vacuum aspiration is commonly used to remove retained products of conception in patients with incomplete spontaneous abortion. Scarring of the uterine cavity may occur, potentially impairing future fertility. A procedural alternative, operative hysteroscopy, has gained popularity with a presumption of better future fertility.

Objective

To assess the superiority of hysteroscopy to vacuum aspiration for subsequent pregnancy in patients with incomplete spontaneous abortion who intend to have future pregnancy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The HY-PER randomized, controlled, single-blind trial included 574 patients between November 6, 2014, and May 3, 2017, with a 2-year duration of follow-up. This multicenter trial recruited patients in 15 French hospitals. Individuals aged 18 to 44 years and planned for surgery for an incomplete spontaneous abortion with plans to subsequently conceive were randomized in a 1:1 ratio.

Interventions

Surgical treatment by hysteroscopy (n = 288) or vacuum aspiration (n = 286).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a pregnancy of at least 22 weeks’ duration during 2-year follow-up.

Results

The intention-to-treat analyses included 563 women (mean [SD] age, 32.6 [5.4] years). All aspiration procedures were completed. The hysteroscopic procedure could not be completed for 19 patients (7%), 18 of which were converted to vacuum aspiration (8 with inability to completely resect, 7 with insufficient visualization, 2 with anesthetic complications that required a shortened procedure, 1 with equipment failure). One hysteroscopy failed due to a false passage during cervical dilatation. During the 2-year follow-up, 177 patients (62.8%) in the hysteroscopy group and 190 (67.6%) in the vacuum aspiration (control) group achieved the primary outcome (difference, −4.8% [95% CI, −13% to 3.0%]; P = .23). The time-to-event analyses showed no statistically significant difference between groups for the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.71 to 1.07]). Duration of surgery and hospitalization were significantly longer for hysteroscopy. Rates of new miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, Clavien-Dindo surgical complications of grade 3 or above (requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention or life-threatening event or death), and reinterventions to remove remaining products of conception did not differ between groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

Surgical management by hysteroscopy of incomplete spontaneous abortions in patients intending to conceive again was not associated with more subsequent births or a better safety profile than vacuum aspiration. Moreover, operative hysteroscopy was not feasible in all cases.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02201732
Clinicians’ Perspectives on Proactive Patient Safety Behaviors in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Duffy Caoimhe , Menon Neil , Horak David , Bass Geoffrey D. , Talwar Ruchika , Lorenzi Cara , Taing Vo Christina , Chiang Chienhui , Ziemba Justin B.
Published: April 2023

Importance

The perioperative environment is hazardous, but patients remain safe with a successful outcome during their care due to staff adaptability and resiliency. The behaviors that support this adaptability and resilience have yet to be defined or analyzed. One Safe Act (OSA), a tool and activity developed to capture self-reported proactive safety behaviors that staff use in their daily practice to promote individual and team-based safe patient care, may allow for improved definition and analysis of these behaviors.

Objective

To thematically analyze staff behaviors using OSA to understand what may serve as the basis for proactive safety in the perioperative environment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative thematic analysis included a convenience sample of perioperative staff at a single-center, tertiary care academic medical center who participated in an OSA activity during a 6-month period in 2021. All perioperative staff were eligible for inclusion. A combined deductive approach, based on a human factor analysis and classification framework, as well as an inductive approach was used to develop themes and analyze the self-reported staff safety behaviors.

Exposures

Those selected to participate were asked to join an OSA activity, which was conducted in-person by a facilitator. Participants were to self-reflect about their OSA (proactive safety behavior) and record their experience as free text in an online survey tool.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was the development and application of a set of themes to describe proactive safety behaviors in the perioperative environment.

Results

A total of 140 participants (33 nurses [23.6%] and 18 trainee physicians [12.9%]), which represented 21.3% of the 657 total perioperative department full-time staff, described 147 behaviors. A total of 8 non–mutually exclusive themes emerged with the following categories and frequency of behaviors: (1) routine-based adaptations (46 responses [31%]); (2) resource availability and assessment adaptations (31 responses [21%]); (3) communication and coordination adaptation (23 responses [16%]); (4) environmental ergonomics adaptation (17 responses [12%]); (5) situational awareness adaptation (12 responses [8%]); (6) personal or team readiness adaptation (8 responses [5%]); (7) education adaptation (5 responses [3%]); and (8) social awareness adaptation (5 responses [3%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

The OSA activity elicited and captured proactive safety behaviors performed by staff. A set of behavioral themes were identified that may serve as the basis for individual practices of resilience and adaptability that promote patient safety.
Microfluidic Spontaneous Emulsification for Generation of O/W Nanoemulsions—Opportunity for In‐Space Manufacturing
Authors: Schmidt Svenja , Nguyen Anh The , Vu Huy Quang , Tran Nam Nghiep , Sareela Maria , Fisk Ian , Hessel Volker
Published: April 2023

The use of microfluidics for oil‐in‐water (O/W) nanoemulsification via spontaneous self‐assembly is demonstrated. As this is known to be a longish process, both single‐ and multicontact microfluidic reactors are tested, the latter providing a longsome, constant microfluidic treatment to maintain advanced phase and interfacial mass transfer. Microfluidic devices provide strong advantages above conventional systems for spontaneous emulsification, with droplet sizes of 62 nm at desired surfactant‐to‐oil ratios (SOR) and a decrease of 90% in process time. Multicontact microfluidics have better performance than their single‐contact counterparts, while critical aspects, e.g., process robustness, are also discussed. Ternary phase diagram analysis of the three components (oil, water, surfactant) allow to decide for the right mixing ratio and sequence of mixing steps for the nanoemulsions. Microfluidic spontaneous emulsification meets objective functions of the intended application to provide fortified beverages to astronauts in space exploration. In that viewpoint, an advantage is to achieve stable nanoemulsions at a level of concentrations much higher as compared to application (human intake), allowing a dilution factor to the final product of up to 100. This decreases notably the process time and allows for process flexibility, e.g., to dilute or tailor Earth‐prepared nanoemulsion concentrate payloads in space.
Hydroiodic‐Acid‐Initiated Dense yet Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene Monoliths toward Superhigh Areal Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Zhitan , Deng Yaqian , Yu Jinyang , Han Junwei , Shang Tongxin , Chen Derong , Wang Ning , Gu Sichen , Lv Wei , Kang Feiyu , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: April 2023

The assembly of 3D structured materials from 2D units paves a royal road for building thick and dense electrodes, which are long sought after for practical energy‐storage devices. 2D transitional metal carbides (MXene) are promising for this due to their capabilities of solution‐based assembly and intrinsic high density, yet face huge challenges in yielding high areal capacitance electrodes owing to the absence of porous ion‐transport paths. Here, a gelation–densification process initiated by hydroiodide acids (HI) is proposed, where the protons break the electrostatic balance of MXene nanosheets to trigger gelation, while HI serves as a spacer to prevent nanosheets from restacking during capillary shrinkage. More promising, the controlled evaporation of reductive HI leaves superiorly shrinking yet porous network for ion transport, and the produced monoliths exhibit a high density of 2.74 g cm−3 and an unprecedented areal capacitance of 18.6 F cm−2.
Geometric and Electronic Engineering of Atomically Dispersed Copper‐Cobalt Diatomic Sites for Synergistic Promotion of Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Zhijun , Ji Siqi , Wang Chun , Liu Hongxue , Leng Leipeng , Du Lei , Gao Jincheng , Qiao Man , Horton J. Hugh , Wang Yu
Published: April 2023

The development of rechargeable zinc–air batteries is heavily dependent on bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts to offer exceptional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) activities. However, the design of such electrocatalysts with high activity and durability is challenging. Herein, a strategy is proposed to create an electrocatalyst comprised of copper‐cobalt diatomic sites on a highly porous nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (Cu‐Co/NC) with abundantly accessible metal sites and optimal geometric and electronic structures. Experimental findings and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effect of Cu‐Co dual‐metal sites with metal‐N4 coordination induce asymmetric charge distributions with moderate adsorption/desorption behavior with oxygen intermediates. This electrocatalyst exhibits extraordinary bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activities in alkaline media, with a half‐wave potential of 0.92 V for ORR and a low overpotential of 335 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. In addition, it demonstrates exceptional ORR activity in acidic (0.85 V) and neutral (0.74 V) media. When applied to a zinc–air battery, it achieves extraordinary operational performance and outstanding durability (510 h), ranking it as one of the most efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts reported to date. This work demonstrates the importance of geometric and electronic engineering of isolated dual‐metal sites for boosting bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in electrochemical energy devices.
Femtosecond Laser Direct‐Writing Ablation of Transparent Fluoropolymer Toward Super‐Resolution Imaging of Cell Movements
Authors: Ozasa Kazunari , Obata Kotaro , Kawano Hiroyuki , Miyawaki Atsushi , Sugioka Koji
Published: April 2023

Live imaging of living cells in 3D micro/nano‐environment is important for advanced biological studies. An issue for super‐resolution imaging is refractive index mismatch between the materials used for imaging platform and medium containing cells (water). Fluoropolymer CYTOP is the ideal platform material due to its refractive index close to that of water. Herein, femtosecond laser (220 fs) is exploited to ablate CYTOP at three laser wavelengths of 257, 515, and 1030 nm. Linear power dependences of the ablation rate obtained for all wavelengths indicate that ablation mechanisms of CYTOP are attributed to the production of fragmented CYTOPs (frag‐CYTOPs) inside the film to induce efficient light absorption for subsequent laser pulses. The frag‐CYTOPs can effectively absorb UV–Vis light, whereas those left behind generate green fluorescence. Importantly, the shortest wavelength of 257 nm offers the best ablation quality in terms of surface smoothness and low fluorescence with the highest ablation rate. We elucidate that the refractive‐index matching of CYTOP/water is effective for clear imaging of shapes/fluorescence of cells on 3D structures, e.g., HeLa cells on V‐shaped trenches. The fabrication of a microscopic 3D fluorescence code tag embedded in the CYTOP films is further demonstrated.
A Dual‐Function Micro‐Swiss‐Roll Device: High‐Power Supercapacitor and Biomolecule Probe
Authors: Ferro Letícia M. M. , Merces Leandro , Tang Hongmei , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Schmidt Oliver G. , Zhu Minshen
Published: April 2023

Tiny autonomous systems less than 1 mm across need small energy storage to satisfy the demand for temporary pulse power and consistent power supply. A battery or supercapacitor alone cannot meet both requirements. Integration of battery and supercapacitor is an alternative, but it introduces a device (supercapacitor) that is not frequently invoked but requires substantial space. Herein, a submillimeter (0.42 mm2) high‐power supercapacitor with an additional function, namely, an on‐chip integrated probe for biomolecule detection is created. The dual‐function device is directly used in the liquid electrolyte, and its Swiss‐roll geometry allows for operation in a minimum 12‐nL electrolyte. The micro‐Swiss‐roll supercapacitor delivers a power density of 911 mW cm−2 and displays a 98% capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles. The biomolecule probe achieves a sensitivity of 230–262 µA mm−1 with a limit of detection of 0.4–0.5 × 10−3 m for the proof‐of‐concept target, the neurotransmitter dopamine. The biomolecule probe achieves a 230–262 µA mm−1 sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.4–0.5 × 10−3 m for the proof‐of‐concept target, the neurotransmitter dopamine, along with selectivity in the presence of ascorbic acid. The independent dual function provides a promising route toward the full‐time use of dust‐sized supercapacitors integrated into submillimeter functional systems.
Conflicting constraints on male mating success shape reward size in pollen‐rewarding plants
Authors: Heiling Jacob M. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Morris William F.
Published: April 2023

Premise

Pollen‐rewarding plants face two conflicting constraints: They must prevent consumptive emasculation while remaining attractive to pollen‐collecting visitors. Small pollen packages (the quantity of pollen available in a single visit) may discourage visitors from grooming (reducing consumptive loss) but may also decrease a plant's attractiveness to pollen‐collecting visitors. What package size best balances these two constraints?

Methods

We modeled the joint effects of pollinators' grooming behaviors and package size preferences on the optimal package size (i.e., the size that maximizes pollen donation). We then used this model to examine Darwin's conjecture that selection should favor increased pollen production in pollen‐rewarding plants.

Results

When package size preferences are weak, minimizing package size reduces grooming losses and should be favored (as in previous theoretical studies). Stronger preferences select for larger packages despite the associated increase to grooming loss because loss associated with nonremoval of smaller packages is even greater. Total pollen donation increases with production (as Darwin suggested). However, if floral visitation declines or packages size preference increases with overall pollen availability, the fraction of pollen donated may decline as per‐plant pollen production increases. Hence, increasing production may result in diminishing returns.

Conclusions

Pollen‐rewarding plants can balance conflicting constraints on pollen donation by producing intermediate‐sized pollen packages. Strictly pollen‐rewarding plants may have responded to past selection to produce more pollen in total, but diminishing returns may limit the strength of that selection.
Ancestry‐related differences in chromatin accessibility and gene expression of APOE ε4 are associated with Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Celis Katrina , Moreno Maria D. M. Muniz , Rajabli Farid , Whitehead Patrice , Hamilton‐Nelson Kara , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Nuytemans Karen , Wang Liyong , Flanagan Margaret , Weintraub Sandra , Geula Changiz , Gearing Marla , Dalgard Clifton L. , Jin Fulai , Bennett David A. , Schuck Theresa , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Griswold Anthony J. , Young Juan I. , Vance Jeffery M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

European local ancestry (ELA) surrounding apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 confers higher risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to African local ancestry (ALA). We demonstrated significantly higher APOE ε4  expression in ELA versus ALA in AD brains from APOE ε4/ε4 carriers. Chromatin accessibility differences could contribute to these expression changes.

Methods

We performed single nuclei assays for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing from the frontal cortex of six ALA and six ELA AD brains, homozygous for local ancestry and APOE ε4.

Results

Our results showed an increased chromatin accessibility at the APOE ε4  promoter area in ELA versus ALA astrocytes. This increased accessibility in ELA astrocytes extended genome wide. Genes with increased accessibility in ELA in astrocytes were enriched for synapsis, cholesterol processing, and astrocyte reactivity.

Discussion

Our results suggest that increased chromatin accessibility of APOE ε4  in ELA astrocytes contributes to the observed elevated APOE ε4  expression, corresponding to the increased AD risk in ELA versus ALA APOE ε4/ε4 carriers.
Retracted: A new aquatic beetle (Adephaga: Coptoclavidae) from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota
Authors: Bao Liang , Li Lan , Niu Kecheng , Wang Niya , Kroeck David M. , Bao Tong
Published: April 2023

Tigrivia baii gen. et sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Coptoclavidae) is described and named based on a fossil specimen from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota, Nincheng County, Inner Mongolia of China. The fossil is very similar in morphology with the adult Coptoclava longipoda Ping 1928 (Laiyang Formation of Nanligezhuang Village, Laiyang City, Shandong Province, China, Lower Cretaceous, 121 ~ 120 Ma), but differs from C. longipoda by the adjacencies of two procoxae and two mesocoxae. T. baii gen. et sp. nov. differs from Daohugounectes primitinus Wang et al. 2010 by the absence of striae on the elytra and the absence of ventral eyes under the head. The new beetle species shows developed aquatic adaptions, such as specialized raptorial forelegs, and swimming middle and hind legs. Furthermore, it is speculated to lead a similar lifestyle as extant Dytiscoidae, according to the two eyes on the side of head and the absence of spiracles on ventrites. This new fossil expanded our knowledge of the diversity of the Middle Jurassic Coptoclavid beetles in Daohugou Biota and improved our understanding of their paleoecological significance.
High‐efficiency and multilocus targeted integration in CHO cells using CRISPR‐mediated donor nicking and DNA repair inhibitors
Authors: Hamaker Nathaniel K. , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: April 2023

Efforts to leverage clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) for targeted genomic modifications in mammalian cells are limited by low efficiencies and heterogeneous outcomes. To aid method optimization, we developed an all‐in‐one reporter system, including a novel superfolder orange fluorescent protein (sfOrange), to simultaneously quantify gene disruption, site‐specific integration (SSI), and random integration (RI). SSI strategies that utilize different donor plasmid formats and Cas9 nuclease variants were evaluated for targeting accuracy and efficiency in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Double‐cut and double‐nick donor formats significantly improved targeting accuracy by 2.3–8.3‐fold and 19–22‐fold, respectively, compared to standard circular donors. Notably, Cas9‐mediated donor linearization was associated with increased RI events, whereas donor nicking minimized RI without sacrificing SSI efficiency and avoided low‐fidelity outcomes. A screen of 10 molecules that modulate the major mammalian DNA repair pathways identified two inhibitors that further enhance targeting accuracy and efficiency to achieve SSI in 25% of transfected cells without selection. The optimized methods integrated transgene expression cassettes with 96% efficiency at a single locus and with 53%–55% efficiency at two loci simultaneously in selected clones. The CRISPR‐based tools and methods developed here could inform the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in mammalian cell lines, accelerate mammalian cell line engineering, and support advanced recombinant protein production applications.
Performance of various 3D‐printed monolith geometries as an alternative to expanded bed adsorption for protein purification
Authors: Pei Yuanjun , Feast Sean , Holland Daniel , Fee Conan
Published: April 2023

Here, we compare the performance of various three‐dimensional‐printed Monolith Adsorption (PMA) columns designed from a triply periodic minimal surface geometry, the Schoen gyroid. The structures examined had designed hydraulic diameters between 203 and 458 µm and voidages of 40%−60%. We compare column efficiency, porosity, static binding capacity and dynamic binding capacity for various load volumes and flow rates. The results show that all structures allowed efficient passage of yeast cells (>97%) over a wide range of interstitial velocities (191 to 1911 cm/h) while maintaining a low pressure drop (<0.1 MPa). The structure with a voidage of 40% and a hydraulic diameter of 203 µm showed the best performance in all aspects evaluated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) recoveries for all structures (27%−91% when the loaded volume was 180 mL) were significantly affected by hydraulic diameter, mean channel wall thickness, velocity and voidage. Moreover, biomass addition resulted in a decrease in BSA recovery, which became more obvious at high velocities. However, this did not lead to a dramatic reduction in saturated binding capacity, significant changes in axial dispersion, or blockage of channels and could be compensated for by recirculation of the feed, even at high velocity. PMA thus potentially provides an appealing alternative to Expanded Bed Adsorption, retaining the latter's advantages, while eliminating fluidization issues and minimizing both processing time and buffer consumption.
Study on clinical characteristics of event‐related potential P300 in elderly schizophrenics and associated risk factors
Authors: Wu Zhenguo , Zhou Zixuan , Lu Wenting , Liu Lin , Zhu Qifeng , Su Guanli
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of event‐related potential P300 in elderly schizophrenics with different levels of violence and the risk factors of severe violence.

Methods

A total of 138 elderly schizophrenic patients from January 2020 to December 2021 in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Based on the violence risk assessment, 61, 102, and 145 patients were divided into high‐risk, medium‐risk, and low‐risk groups, respectively. Clinical characteristics, P300 latency, and P300 amplitude were compared among the three groups followed by a logistic regression analysis of elderly schizophrenics with severe violence.

Results

The latency of P300 in the high‐risk group was higher than that in the low‐risk group (p < .05). The P300 amplitude of patients in the high‐risk group was significantly lower than that in the low‐risk group (p < .05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that previous history of violence, delusion of persecution, P300 latency, and amplitude were independent influencing factors of severe violence in elderly schizophrenics (odds ratio [OR]: 0.022, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.007–0.067, p < .001; OR: 0.118, 95% CI: 0.043–1.763, p = .037; OR: 1.289, 95% CI: 1.142–1.673, p < .001; and OR: 0.049, 95% CI: 0.021–0.067, p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting gender, age, and other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that delusion of persecution, P300 latency, and P300 amplitude were associated with severe violence in elderly schizophrenics (OR: 2.211, 95% CI: 0.061–4.067, p < .001; OR: 2.006, 95% CI: 1.421–2.721, p = .017; and OR: 0.067, 95% CI: 0.037–0.276; p < .001; respectively).

Conclusion

The latency and amplitude of P300 can be used as effective neuroelectrophysiological indicators to evaluate the violence level of elderly schizophrenics. Delusion of persecution, P300 latency, and P300 amplitude were independent influencing factors of severe violence in elderly schizophrenics.
Learn how leadership coaching can help bring employment cases to the mediation finish line
Authors: Denzine Gypsy M.
Published: April 2023

The mediation process can serve as an efficient and cost‐effective approach to resolving employment cases on college campuses. But it can also be a painstaking way to try to agree on a settlement package that's attractive to both parties. Perhaps you've come so close to resolving an employment case but your mediation process gets stuck at a stalemate with the other party.
Did court dismiss coach's defamation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: April 2023

Bates College hired a football coach with 18 years of experience to head its football program. The coach was the first Black head football coach in the institution's history.
Acceptability of computerized cognitive training and global cognitive stimulating‐based games delivered remotely: Results from a randomized controlled trial to address cancer and cancer‐related cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Von Ah Diane , Crouch Adele , Storey Susan
Published: April 2023

Background

Although the cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common symptom incurred by the breast cancer survivors (BCS), more emphasis is needed in identifying acceptable interventions for survivors.

Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to examine the acceptability of cognitive programs by identifying the facilitators and barriers for implementing computerized cognitive training (BrainHQ) and computerized global cognitive stimulating‐based games (e.g., computerized word‐find, puzzles, etc.) comparator delivered remotely to improve CRCI from the perspective of BCS.

Methods

BCS (n = 35) who enrolled and completed a randomized controlled trial of computerized cognitive training: 19 cognitive training (BrainHQ) and 16 global cognitive stimulating‐based games (crosswords, puzzles, etc.) were interviewed post‐training. Semi‐structured questions were used, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analyzed using standard content analytic procedures for each intervention.

Results

Facilitators of training varied by intervention with cognitive training seen as challenging, engaging, and gave a sense of accomplishment whereas global stimulating games were seen as a way of taking mind off issues, enjoyable, and easy to navigate. Barriers of cognitive training included an awareness of failing whereas global stimulating games were deemed to be too repetitive. Both groups endorsed the convenience/flexibility of online training and common concerns of time constraints and fatigue to complete the training. Each group also provided recommendations for improvement.

Conclusions

Cognitive training and global stimulating games were generally well received by BCS. Designing more support elements to promote engagement may be key to successful long‐term implementation.