bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative mental representations in infancy
Authors: Hochmann Jean-Rémy , Toro Juan M.
Published: June 2020

How do infants’ thoughts compare to the thoughts adults express with language? In particular, can infants entertain negative representations, such as not red or not here? In four experiments, we used pupillometry to ask whether negative representations are possible without an external language. Eleven-month-olds were tested on their ability to detect and represent the abstract structure of sequences of syllables, defined by the relations identity and/or negation: AAAA (four identical syllables; Experiment 1), AAA¬A (three times the syllable A and one final syllable that is not A; Experiment 2), AA(A)(A)¬A (two-to-four times the syllable A and one final syllable that is not A; Experiment 3). Representing the structures in Experiments 2-3 requires a form of negation. Results suggest that infants are able to compute both identity and negation. More generally, these results lend credit to the hypothesis that the infant mind is equipped with rudimentary logical operators before language takes off.
The Constructive and Destructive Power of Social Norms in the Presence of Authoritative Influence
Authors: Kitamura Shuhei , Yamada Katsunori
Published: June 2020

A randomized survey experiment (N=2,868) was conducted at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine the effects of information provision on individuals’ cooperation with social distancing measures. Employing a 2 × 2 factorial design, the study examined the influence of social comparison and a powerful messenger. Using an online sample of approximately 3,000 Japanese respondents, it was found that participants demonstrated greater cooperation with social distancing measures when they perceived that they had spent a relatively *long* time outside the home compared with prevailing social norms in the previous week. Conversely, individuals who spent a relatively *short* time outside the home, exhibited the opposite effect. However, these results were observed solely in conjunction with the influence of a powerful messenger. The study also explored heterogeneous responses based on personality traits. In conclusion, the results highlight the challenges of changing behavior through informational interventions, emphasizing the role of both the characteristics of the sender and recipient of the information.
Canadian Clown: A Generation’s Journey to Legitimacy, Innovation, and Excellence
Authors: Hooson Paul
Published: June 2020

During the fifties and sixties, clown in most parts of Canada amounted to an occasional visit by the Shrine Circus, a questionably skilled birthday party entertainer, or the television presence of American ‘kiddie’ clowns. Few realized that early comic film and television actors were actually clowns. This all changed with the counterculture, civil rights, and social advocacy movements of the sixties. The exposure to populist approaches to theatre, drawing from diverse cultures and influences in the pursuit of meaning and innovation, inspired a wave of creativity that took to the streets. New vaudeville was born, street performers gained both notoriety and visibility, and idealistic youth trekked to Europe and beyond in search of a deeper, more relevant theatre. As with many moments of extreme social unrest, clowns joined the parade, and by the 1980’s and 90s, a true renaissance in clown theory and practice was under way. Canada was well placed to lead this movement, both culturally and geographically. We lived in close proximity to the United States and shared its upsurge in activism and history of stage, screen and circus clowning, and also had firm roots in European clown and Indigenous traditions. These circumstances fostered the development of influential techniques that have become the bedrock of contemporary clown theory. This article looks at the rise to legitimacy that clown has made within Canada, and at the challenges of that journey. Ultimately, it showcases the uniqueness of Canadian clown and explores why we have become internationally respected leaders in this performance tradition.
The Evolution of a Clown in Service: Reflections on Therapeutic Clowning in Canada
Authors: Le Roux Kathleen , Stirling-Twist Jan
Published: June 2020

Drawing on their experience as therapeutic clown practitioners, reflective practice facilitators, and trainers, the authors reflect thoughtfully on three key questions: What is the deeper nature of this relational practice called therapeutic clowning? Why are seasoned professional performers increasingly being drawn to this practice? What kinds of adaptations and considerations does a clown artist undertake to move from the world of theatre and performance to the world of health care and compassionate service? Beginning with a brief look at the evolution of therapeutic clowning in Canada and abroad, the authors turn to a deeper consideration of practices in pediatric, adult, and dementia-care settings. Child life and clown doctor pediatric models of therapeutic clown are delineated, as is the Elder-clown approach used by many practitioners working with older people in long-term care and community care. The authors emphasize the importance of reciprocity and co-created play between practitioner(s) and the people they serve and consider the role these play in bolstering resilience, vitality, and a sense of agency in the lives of vulnerable people in hospital and institutionalized care settings. The article also emphasizes that foundational clown training and performance experience alongside specialized training are crucial for therapeutic clown practitioners. Throughout, poignant vignettes illustrate and illuminate the complex, challenging, and rewarding dimensions of therapeutic clown practice.
Bouffon: The Roots of ‘Critical Clowning’ in Canada
Authors: Chang Eury Colin
Published: June 2020

In this article, Canadian theatre scholar Eury Colin Chang draws on his own training and performance experiences, as well as interviews conducted with two master bouffon teachers, to explore the bouffon’s critical capacities. Furthermore, he reflects on what these critical capacities might offer to the contemporary Canadian theatrical landscape. While Canada has been recognized internationally for our focus on physical theatre, circus arts, and even clowning, the specific clown tradition of bouffon is often given less attention and consideration. In contexts where bouffon is discussed, the emphasis is generally placed on the roots of this tradition in Europe, and the significant contemporary engagement with bouffon across Canadian is largely ignored. This article therefore fills a gap by exploring Canadian bouffon and considering what its potential might be for changing the professional theatre community here. This potential of bouffon, Chang suggests, resides in its ability to move beyond realism by offering new ways of being and seeing onstage, and in life. Furthermore, the bouffon is capable of revealing the complex interior life of the audience. This ability of bouffon to uncover, rediscover, and wrestle with the human psyche is at the core of its critical capacity.
Clowning but Not: A Clown’s Approach to Drama for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities
Authors: Proctor Sue
Published: June 2020

Even without the red nose and costume, clowning has much to offer when used as an approach to teaching creative drama to people with intellectual and physical disabilities. Clown humour and animated play encourage creativity, movement, and self-expression. With a clown-like approach, markers for success change and become more relevant to the level at which participants are working. Using a clown approach allows participants to expand their capacities by releasing the fear of not accomplishing their goals. In fact, slipping up and failing at tasks are good reasons for the group to laugh and relax. In my experience in setting up drama programs at the Manitoba Developmental Centre, I discovered the value of the clown’s flop. By embracing failure, participants were more able to enjoy taking risks. Non-verbal communication skills and object transformation, common to clown play, also created new possibilities for the participants’ creativity and expression. As a result, they were able to move, play, and communicate in unexpected ways and put on a performance for 300 people. The community of therapeutic clowns—including Karen Ridd, Joan Barrington, and organizations like the Dr. Clown Foundation—engages a similar approach to working with the public. They embrace failure and succeed at bringing joy through humour, clown antics, and play.
A Clown of His/Her/Their Own: Clown and Gender Performativity
Authors: Russell Jacqueline
Published: June 2020

Feminist clown and scholar Margaret J. Irving suggests that the feminist clown uses her body strategically, as a site to examine gender identity and challenge patriarchal discourses. This article examines the feminist clown performance strategies found in the work of contemporary Canadian clowns Candice Roberts, in her solo show Larry (2018), and Heather Marie Annis and Amy Lee, in their duo show Morro and Jasp Do Puberty (2008). In these performances, we find feminist clowns engaged in an inquiry into gender identities, using their bodies as sites of political agency and inquisition. These artists highlight the permission that clown offers them, to take up space and explore taboo topics. Their work further reveals how pleasure in the body can be weaponized as a political act.
Tuning a Room: Designs for Hearing According to Nancy Tobin
Authors: Rewa Natalie
Published: June 2020

In this review, I discuss the architectonics of sound composition according to sound artist and designer Nancy Tobin. This chapbook advocates for a comprehensively integrated presence of a sound artist in the processes of rehearsal and espouses a dramaturgy of hearing. Tobin’s distinction between hearing and listening gives forth onto a series of self-studies of her experience of spatial and temporal arrangements presented in the form of e-mails to mentees. Her appreciation for the acoustics of the performance space extends to the composition of sound to be heard (on occasion as boldly interventionist) and the technologies of broadcasting it: the choice and placement of speakers, as well as their interaction with the performers. Tobin argues for a definition of sound composition for performance as a complex collaboration with the production—curatorial in terms of the space of ephemerality. My review concurs with the efficacy of her approach by my recognition of the moments in productions that have remained as some of the most memorable of my theatregoing.
A Tremendous Responsibility: The Words and Work of Vera Manuel
Authors: Nolan Yvette
Published: June 2020

Vera Manuel was a Ktunaxa-Secwepemc writer and educator who used theatre to heal her communities. The daughter of a residential school survivor, she used plays to tell the stories of survivors, long before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission began its work. Although her work was labelled dramatherapy, her sister Emalene Manuel suggests that what they were trying to do was “decolonize theatre.” Co-editors Michelle Coupal, Deanna Reder, Joanne Arnott, and Emalene Manuel collect Manuel’s plays, poetry, and stories and contextualize the work in accompanying essays.
A “Shimmering Map” of Theatre and (Im)migration in Canada
Authors: Batchelor Brian
Published: June 2020

Theatre and (Im)Migration, edited by Yana Meerzon, is a collected volume that investigates ongoing projects of Canadian multicultural ideology and Canadian theatre nationalisms from the perspective of (im)migrant artists and companies. This review outlines the contributions in this book as they situate Canadian theatre within ongoing legacies of settler colonialism, examine (im)migrant theatre in relation to community and nation formation, closely read (im)migrant theatre and performance works, explore applied and practice-based methodologies, discuss the rehearsal and development practices of (im)migrant theatre artists and companies, and investigate performances from within neo-liberal experience economies. The volume operates as a “shimmering map” (Meerzon 5) that reflects the routes and roots of (im)migrant theatre in the country that we now call Canada.
A taxonomy design for mobile applications in the Spanish political communication context
Authors: Zamora-Medina Rocío , Losada-Díaz José-Carlos , Vázquez-Sande Pablo
Published: June 2020

The new mobile ecosystem that now defines the so-called mobile society and the mobile culture is already a key territory for contemporary political communication. Within this culture, mobile applications have become a common ground for the meeting between organisations and citizens interested in participating in political matters through the direct experience that these platforms allow. Despite this development, it is difficult to find a complete and reliable taxonomy of apps in the academic or professional literature that analyses how these relationships impact the field of political communication. This study tries to address this gap, introducing the first systematic taxonomy of political communication apps in Spain based on the development of a self-produced taxonomical model that gathers in detail all the variables required to understand the nature of these applications that are available for any smartphone. This rigorous taxonomy comprises political communication applications available at the main app stores (about 316 found in Play Store and App Store). Specifically, the methodological classification was elaborated based on the following categories: promoter agent, app objective, level of interaction, level of autonomy and predominant tone. A very complete picture was obtained from the empirical analysis, which defines and explains the landscape of political communication applications for mobile devices in Spain.
Self-Efficacy, Need for Achievement and Machiavellianism in Public Sector Employees
Authors: Maria Zaman  , Shazia Qayyum
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, need for achievement and Machiavellianism in public sector employees. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a relationships in self-efficacy, need for achievement and Machiavellianism in public sector employees. It was hypothesized that self-efficacy and need for achievement likely to predict the Machiavellianism. The sample size of was (N=200) males selected from different public sector department of Lahore using the purposive sampling. The data was collected using New Generalized Self-efficacy Scale (Gully & Chen, 2001), Need for Achievement Scale (Jackson, 1974) and Mach IV scale (1970). Results revealed that the significant positive relationship between self efficacy, need for achievement and Machiavellianism. And self efficacy was the positive significant predictor of the Machiavellianism and need for achievement was the negative predictor of Machiavellianism. The present study helps to understand the predictors of Machiavellianism and that could help to eradicate this manipulation and deceptive behavior and could be used for improve interventions.
Injection de cellules souches adipocytaires dans les fistules anopérinéales de maladie de Crohn
Authors: Soudan D. , Bouhnik Y. , Panis Y. , Maggiori L.
Published: June 2020

L’injection de cellules souches mésenchymateuses adipocytaires allogéniques est une nouvelle thérapeutique visant à obtenir une cicatrisation des trajets de fistule anale. Son intérêt dans la prise en charge des fistules anales complexes de maladie de Crohn a été récemment prouvé dans un large essai randomisé multicentrique, en permettant d’obtenir un taux de cicatrisation complète à un an de 56 %. Les résultats de cet essai ont amené la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) à accorder l’autorisation de mise sur le marché de la préparation commerciale Alofisel® (Takeda©, Tokyo, Japon), actuellement seul produit existant. Cette fiche technique a pour objectif de préciser les indications actuellement autorisées et de décrire la technique chirurgicale de l’injection de ces cellules souches adipocytaires dans les fistules anopérinéales de la maladie de Crohn.
Exploring the Impact of Students School Life Experiences on their Conceptual Learning in Physics at Secondary Schools
Authors: Khan Munir , Akhter Nasrin , Khan Abdul Majeed
Published: June 2020

The conceptual learning of the secondary level science students (N=1840) in the subject of physics assessed on the concept application ability test (CAAT) was low up to 33 %. Views of the same students about learning and assessment at the school investigated through questionnaire were considered as one of the possible factors affecting the conceptual learning of the students. Sample of the survey among the selective male and female Secondary school science students was chosen randomly through the Cluster sampling technique. Correlation and regression analysis were used to explore the relationships. The combined views of all students towards their entire learning and assessment experiences at school were highly satisfactory. A positive correlation was explored between students under consideration. Experiences and their score on the test (CAAT) and the multiple regressions predicted the concerning experiences of the students as a significantly contributing factor to their conceptual learning in terms of the application of physics concepts in problem situation and life.
Student opinions regarding strengths and weaknesses of face to face and online teaching
Authors: NAYCİ Ömer
Published: June 2020

This qualitative case study was carried out to identify the strengths and weaknesses of face to face and online teaching. The study group of the research study consisted of a total of 47 students attending a public university, 36 of whom are female and 11 of whom are male students. In the study, semi-structured interview form was used as the data collection tool. The data obtained within the scope of the research were analyzed by means of content analysis. When the findings were evaluated in general, it was seen that students mostly prefer face to face teaching. Besides it was also seen that both online and face to face teaching have strengths and weaknesses relative to each other. However, it has emerged that face to face teaching has more strengths than online learning. Although this view comes into prominence, online applications which are one of the important tools of accessing information in today's conditions, should also be used in the learning and teaching process. Especially in situations where face to face teaching is not available, online applications can be used as an important tool in order to establish the communication link between the learner and teacher and also to maintain learning.
TRADUZIONE E TRADIZIONE. ALCUNE RIFLESSIONI SULLA POESIA DI DANIEL NAČINOVIĆ
Authors: Scotti Jurić Rita , Lazarić Lorena
Published: June 2020

C’è una differenza sostanziale tra chi si esprime con la lingua standard e chi lo fa in dialetto. Gli studi sulla traduzione della poesia dialettale sono pochi e le prospettive teoriche denunciano per lo più difficoltà implicite in una tale operazione, ma non forniscono modelli operativi soddisfacenti. La domanda che ci si pone è se sia corretto tradurre la poesia ciacava nel dialetto istroveneto o lo si debba fare in italiano standard. Nel saggio si discuteranno le peculiarità della scrittura poetica dialettale di Daniel Načinović: l'espressività della lingua orale legata alla concretezza e all’immediatezza, l'uso frequente di immagini e paragoni, di suoni onomatopeici, di forme allocutive e di modi di dire. In particolare si analizzeranno le tecniche traduttive che permetteranno di recuperare quell'orizzonte antropologico che può essere testimoniato non solo dal ciacavo che lo esprime, ma anche dall'istroveneto che questo mondo lo conosce e lo vive.
ANALISI DELLE CARATTERISTICHE MORFOSINTATTICHE DEI DIPLOMI E CERTIFICATI DI STUDIO ITALIANI E DELLA LORO TRADUZIONE IN MONTENEGRINO
Authors: Piletić Deja
Published: June 2020

Il lavoro si propone di presentare i risultati della ricerca che si occupa delle caratteristiche morfosintattiche della lingua dei diplomi di laurea e certificati di studio italiani e della loro traduzione. La ricerca è stata svolta su un corpus composto da sessanta documenti originali italiani con le loro traduzioni giurate eseguite in lingua montenegrina. Oltre ai tratti morfosintattici tipici del linguaggio giuridico-amministrativo e riscontrabili nella stesura dei documenti in questione, la ricerca dovrebbe svelarci anche le caratteristiche della loro
traduzione in montenegrino, nonché le corrispondenze e possibili incongruenze tra le due lingue in relazione allo stesso registro linguistico. Pertanto, riteniamo che i risultati presentati in questo lavoro saranno applicabili sia nella didattica della traduzione specializzata in generale, che nella prassi della traduzione giuridica in Montenegro.
TERMINI CRISTIANI DI ORIGINE ITALIANA IN LINGUA CROATA
KRŠĆANSKI TERMINI TALIJANSKOGA PODRIJETLA U HRVATSKOME JEZIKU
Authors: Pavletić Helena
Published: June 2020

Nella tradizione plurisecolare della sua creazione la terminologia cristiana croata è stata permeata da tre elementi linguistici essenziali (greco, latino e slavo). Per quanto riguarda l'influenza romanza, con il latino come elemento dominante, la formazione dei nomi cristiani croati è stata influenzata anche dalla lingua italiana quale lingua di
partenza e/o lingua mediatrice. Nella lessicografia contemporanea croata i termini cristiani sono stati elaborati nei manuali Hrvatska kršćanska terminologija (1976) di Jeronim Šetka e Opći religijski leksikon (2012). Lo scopo di questo saggio è quello di determinare lo stato dei termini cristiani croati formatisi sotto l'influsso della lingua
italiana, nella lingua croata contemporanea. Tenuto conto dell'obiettivo summenzionato, vengono osservati i termini dei manuali lessicografici croati (specialistici e generali), coniati su modello dell'italiano. I termini cristiani di origine italiana in lingua croata sono classificati, in base alla normativa e le caratteristiche stilistiche, in gruppi diversi: i termini appartenenti alla lingua standard, i termini caratterizzati dalle designazioni regionali e i termini che oggi appartengono allo strato lessicale passivo. Con l'obiettivo di determinare l'uso dei termini cristiani di origine italiana nella lingua contemporanea, viene studiato il loro funzionamento sull'esempio del corpus di Hrvatska jezična riznica e del corpus in rete croato hrWaC. L'analisi dei termini selezionati identifica cambiamenti di significato: alcuni termini nella lingua generale assumono un nuovo significato e
diventano parole universali oppure il termine viene utilizzato in più campi professionali. In questo contesto, si traggono delle conclusioni sugli spostamenti di significato dei termini selezionati nell'uso terminologico e non terminologico. I risultati della ricerca indicano l'importanza dell'influenza romanza nella formazione lessicale di concetti professionali e generali nella lingua croata.
I TEMPI VERBALI DEL MODO INDICATIVO NEL DIALETTO ISTROVENETO DEL LITORALE SLOVENO
Authors: Todorović Suzana
Published: June 2020

Nel presente contributo ci proponiamo di presentare l’impiego dei tempi verbali istroveneti del modo indicativo. Il lessico istroveneto (attinente all’area istriana nordoccidentale) è riportato in otto dizionari dialettali, ovvero Dizionario storico fraseologico etimologico del dialetto di Capodistria (Giulio Manzini e Luciano Rocchi, 1995), Dizionario del dialetto capodistriano (Dino Parovel, 2006), Voci della parlata isolana nella prima metà di questo secolo (Antonio Vascotto, 1987), Vocabolarietto del dialetto isolano (Antonio Delise, 2006), Dizionario del dialetto isolano: raccolta di parole e modi di dire della parlata isolana di ieri, di oggi e, forse, di domani (Silvano Sau, 2009), Le perle del nostro dialetto (Ondina Lusa e Marino Bonifacio, 2004, 2010, 2012). In alcuni dizionari gli autori riportano altresì una selezione di elementi grammaticali senza fornire un puntuale quadro grammaticale delle parlate prese in esame; oltre a ciò, non sempre vi è rispondenza tra gli elementi grammaticali riportati e quelli rilevati sul campo durante le nostre ricerche, essendo (stati) gli autori dei dizionari perlopiù amanti della parola dialettale e non linguisti o dialettologi. Le regole d’uso dei tempi verbali istroveneti (presente, imperfetto, futuro semplice, passato prossimo, imperfetto, trapassato rossimo, futuro anteriore) sono state definite mediante materiali testuali registrati sul campo durante le inchieste dialettali effettuate in sette punti d’inchiesta istroveneti. Tutti i testi ricavati sul campo sono stati corredati da traduzioni in italiano. Per ogni tempo verbale riportiamo le coniugazioni dei verbi ausiliari ˈeṡer ‘essere’ e ver ‘avere’ e le coniugazioni dei verbi regolari con infinito in -ar o -a (Pirano); -er (Capodistria), -e (Isola) o -i (Pirano e Strugnano); -ir (Capodistria, Isola) o -i (Pirano). Nel caso dei tempi verbali composti è stata messa in rilievo la loro modalità di formazione.
LE OPINIONI DEGLI INSEGNANTI SULL'INSEGNAMENTO IN CLASSI LINGUISTICAMENTE E CULTURALMENTE ETEROGENEE
Authors: Zorman Anja
Published: June 2020

Nel presente contributo vengono esposti alcuni risultati della ricerca sull’interculturalità e sull’educazione interculturale, condotta in sei regioni slovene e italiane con presenza di minoranze linguistiche e culturali. La ricerca ha preso in considerazione vari aspetti della didattica, della formazione degli insegnanti, degli atteggiamenti degli allievi e dei loro genitori riguardo all’apprendimento in classi linguisticamente e culturalmente eterogenee. I risultati presentati nel contributo riguardano le opinioni degli insegnanti
sull’insegnamento in classi linguisticamente e culturalmente eterogenee, suddivise in seguenti categorie: (1) lo sviluppo professionale, (2) personale e culturale degli insegnanti coinvolti nelle classi linguisticamente e culturalmente eterogenee, (3) la loro percezione dell'apprendimento in generale e linguistico in particolare, e (4) delle relazioni interpersonali tra gli allievi. Dall'inchiesta che ha coinvolto 281 insegnanti emerge una percezione degli insegnanti molto positiva del loro sviluppo professionale e culturale, e neutra riguardo la collaborazione con altri insegnanti. Sebbene la maggioranza degli insegnanti non sia dell'opinione che la compresenza di allievi di diverse origini linguistiche e culturali ostacoli il lavoro in classe, dichiara comunque che
l'insegnamento in classi linguisticamente e culturalmente eterogenee richiede
lavoro aggiuntivo. La didattica non risente delle difficoltà nella comunicazione
tra allievi di lingue e culture diverse, così come lo sviluppo della competenza
comunicativa della lingua d'insegnamento non è compromesso dalla eterogeneità linguistica in classe. Molto positiva è la percezione degli insegnanti relativa allo sviluppo di rapporti interpersonali tra gli allievi
LA FRAMMENTAZIONE SINTATTICA E LE FRASI RELATIVE
Authors: Samardžić Mila
Published: June 2020

Questo lavoro si occupa di un fenomeno frequente nella scrittura moderna (ma non di data recente essendo facilmente rintracciabile anche nella prima prosa in volgare), particolarmente in quei tipi di testi aperti alla violazione delle severe regole grammaticali e interpuntive presenti nella tradizionale manualistica. Nell’esempio A gennaio di quest'anno l'azienda ha chiesto il dissequestro dell'impianto. Che a giugno è stato invece negato dal gip un segno d’interpunzione forte si inserisce all’interno di una struttura sintatticamente legata e la frammenta creandone un costrutto marcato. In questo lavoro è messa a confronto questa struttura frantumata con quella convenzionale con l’obiettivo di individuarne differenze di ordine sintattico, testuale, informativo e comunicativo. Mi sono limitata all’analisi della frase relativa come costituente staccato dal resto del periodo con un punto fermo o, più raramente, con un altro segno forte. Ho cercato di rispondere al quesito se si tratti di un procedimento
meramente sintattico e stilistico o se la sua funzione è primariamente quella comunicativa. L’analisi è stata effettuata in base all’esame degli esempi tratti
dai quotidiani italiani.
The way to solve the problem of degradation of mountain pastures of the Central Caucasus
Authors: Dzhibilov Sergey , Soldatov Eduard , Guluyeva Lyudmila , Soldatova Irina
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The authors presented the results of research and development, on the basis of which a new device was created that facilitates the restoration of degraded mountain pastures after unsystematic use with excessive grass grazing. The purpose of the study is to develop a new method of improvement and a prototype of attachments that will allow the seeding of perennial grasses in sparse grass and bare areas of the soil, which will increase stiffness. The object of the study are the working bodies: sowing devices, the original design, scatter cones, net runners. The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that the authors of the article developed a new resource-saving method for improving mountain fodder land using a modernized seeder equipped with removable working bodies for automatic, targeted seed sowing, sowing seeds only in degraded and bare areas, skipping areas with normal grass stand. The tests were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavsky depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level with a slope of 10°, in six plots, with a recorded area of 360 m2 two options in triplicate. The first option is natural seeding, and the second is the seeding of grasses by the aggregate. The plots are located across the slope randomized. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field – 85.3 GJ. It was revealed that changes in the grass stand influenced the accumulation of biomass of phytocenosis. So, the crop of the aboveground fodder mass, when sowing grasses, in the first year of observations was 18.2 c/ha of dry weight, which is 5 times higher than in the control. During the growing season of the third year of observations, the yield in the sown area was 59.1 c/ha of dry weight against 17.3 c/ha in the control.
Comparative performance assessment seedling method for the introduction of Nigella damascena L. in the Middle Urals
Authors: Abramchuk A. , Karpuhin M , Saparklycheva S. , Chulkova V.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Introduction allows not only to expand the range of medicinal plants, but also to reduce the severity of the problem of their import substitution. In 2019, a study was conducted at the “Uralets” agricultural farm, on the collection spot of the Ural state agrarian University, to assess the effectiveness of the seedling method for the introduction of Nigella damascena. The purpose of the research: to study the formation of productivity of Nigella damascena in the Middle Urals. The research objectives were to study the most important aspects of the growth and development of Nigella damascena: phenological phases and their onset dates; dynamics of height and average daily growth, productivity. Method of research. During the experiment all observations and records were made according to generally accepted methods. The scheme of the experiment includes 3 options that differ in the timing of sowing seeds of Nigella damascena for seedlings: I – seeding on March 20th (control); II – seeding on March 30th; III – seeding on April 10th. Results. During the first two to three weeks, after planting seedlings in the open ground, the growth of plants was minimal, its value varied in variants from 0.14 (III variant) to 0.31 (I variant) mm per day. The earliest transition of plants to the generative stage of development was noted in I variant, where the budding phase occurred 9 days earlier than in 2 and 22 days earlier than in III variant. The period of mass flowering lasted until mid-August, single flowering – until the end of September. The largest seeds (weight of 100 seeds – 0.31–0.36 g) were obtained in I var. – 66.48 g/m2, significantly lower than in III variant – 11.16 g/m2. The maximum seed productivity is formed in I variant – 100.57 g/m2, the minimum in III variant – 38.93 g/m2. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the effectiveness of the seedling method of cultivation of Nigella damascena – a valuable medicinal plant in the Middle Urals has been studied. The optimal variant allowing to obtain high seed productivity is established.
Application of a multispectral assay for evaluation of the morphofunctional status of immunocompetent cells in cattle with retroviral diseases
Authors: Artem'ev D. , Krasnikov A. , Krasnikova E. , Kozlov S.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Microspectral analysis is a highly informative way to study the morphofunctional status of cells, including immunocompetent ones. Purpose of the study was an application it for studding of bovine lymphocytes in cattle with enzootic leukemia and viral immunodeficiency, which is important for diagnostics and differential diagnostics of diseases, as well as for analyzing of animal homeostasis and making a prognosis of the disease. Leukemia and immunodeficiency are classified as hematopathological processes. Therefore, we used the hematological method as a comparative method. Spectral analysis of stained with a Leukodif 200 kit agranulocytes was carried out using the universal color analyzer microscope-spectrophotometer LOMO MSFU-K. The value of the light absorption intensity was measured in the visible-light spectrum from 300 to 700 nm. The results of microspectral analysis showed that for cows’ lymphocytes with combined pathology (BLV/BIV), the absorption values in the spectrum of eosin U and azure II were 351.2 ± 17.6 and 751.4 ± 37.6 counts, respectively. For animals with BLV and BIV mono-infection, these indicators were 253.3 ± 12.7; 383.3 ± 19.2 and 371.5 ± 18.5; 500.2 ± 24.9 counts. While in intact cows, these indicators were registered at the level of 210.3 ± 10.5 and 173.6 ± 8.6 counts. In intact animals, the acidic and basic components ratio in the cell was uniformly proportional, the ratio coefficient was 0.83 ± 0.04. For BIV-, BLV- and BLV/BIV-infected animals, this coefficient was 1.34 ± 0.06, 1.51 ± 0.08 and 2.13 ± 0.11, that was in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.6 times higher than in intact animals, which might be an indicator of metabolic acidosis in the cell. The scientific novelty of the research is that the signs of hypoxia and inflammation detected by hematological analysis correlate with the results of microspectral analysis and indicate a change in the homeostasis of the infected animal’s organism, including at the cell level.
Partenogenetic development of Bos taurus embryos from oocytes matured in different culture systems
Authors: KUZMINA T. I.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Identification of the factors determining of donor’s oocyte competence to parthenogenetic development will allow developing an effective method for obtaining parthenotes to solve fundamental problems of regulating gene activity in ontogenesis, creating homozygous embryonic stem cell lines, improving the stages of cloning technology, and modeling of in vitro oocyte maturation media. The purpose of study is to evaluate the potencies of Bos taurus oocytes matured in different culture systems to cold shock-induced parthenogenesis. Methods. For oocyte maturation, culture systems of the following composition were used: 1 – TC-199 with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), 50 μg/ml estradiol, 10 μg/ml luteinizing hormone, 10 μg/ml follicle-stimulating hormone; 2 – TC-199 with 10 % estrous serum of cows; 3 – TC-199 with 50 % fluid from follicles (Ø 3–8 mm); 4 – TC-199 with 50 % protein of follicular fluid (molecular weight of 65 kDa); 5 – TC-199 with 10 % FBS, 1×106 granulosa cells/ml medium; 6 – TC-199 with 10 % FBS and walls of follicles (Ø 6–8 mm); 7 – TC-199 with 10 % FBS, 1×106 granulosa cells/ml medium and walls of follicles (Ø 6–8 mm). After 24 hours of cultivation, the oocytes were activated by cold shock (exposure time 20 minutes, temperature 0…–4 °C. Results. The proportion of embryos at the stages of late morula and blastocysts from oocytes matured in system 7 was 45 % (58/129), which was significantly higher than in other systems: 1 – 28 % (39/141), P < 0.05; 2 – 31 % (42/137), P < 0.05; 3 – 25 % (33/133), P < 0.01; 4 – 18 % (25/139), P < 0.001; 5 – 31 % (41/132), P < 0.05; 6 – 33 % (43/129). The introduction of estradiol or structural components of antral follicles into the oocytes maturation medium contributed to an increase in the proportion of parthenotes at the preimplantation stages of development, including blastocysts, and a decrease in the level of degenerated embryos. Scientific novelty. A comparative morphological analysis of the potentials for parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes matured in various culture systems and activated by cold shock was carried out for the first time. Optimal systems for in vitro maturation of female gametes were proposed. Based on the analysis of the results, we recommend before induction to parthenogenesis bovine oocytes culture in media supplemented with 50 ng/ml estradiol or structural components of antral follicles producing estradiol.
Provision of qualified personnel for agricultural enterprises of the agro industrial complex of the region
Authors: Volkov V. , Nabokov Vladimir , Yuldashev N.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The purpose of scientific research – identify the problems of providing qualified personnel for agricultural enterprises of the Perm region and suggest ways to solve them. The main research methods used were statistical observation, comparative analysis and economic assessment. As a result of the research the problems of providing qualified personnel for agricultural enterprises were considered. It is noted that more than 60 % of Russian enterprises, including agricultural ones, are experiencing a shortage of professional personnel. It is suggested that investments in the development of human resources provoke an increase in labor productivity and ultimately the economic efficiency of enterprises. The article refers to a decrease in the share of employees with professional education in Russian agro-industrial enterprises. The analysis of the number of urban and rural population of the Perm region is carried out. The composition of the rural population by main age groups was studied. It is concluded that rural settlements are losing their working population, and agro-industrial enterprises in the absence of a surge of young professional staff face the problem of aging personnel. The analysis of the birth rate and mortality of the population of the Perm region, including in cities and rural settlements, was carried out. It is assumed that a significant decrease in the birth rate of the population is a consequence of the difficult socio-economic situation in the Perm region. The analysis of the reasons leading to the outflow of rural population to the cities of the region and beyond is also carried out. The Federal target program for rural development aimed at improving the housing conditions of agricultural workers, building schools and pre-school educational institutions, putting into operation paramedic and midwifery centers, building sports facilities and leisure centers, and developing rural infrastructure is presented as measures to address the identified problems. It is assumed that the most significant factors that can keep young professional staff in agro-industrial enterprises are their wages and housing conditions. It is concluded that to attract young people to agricultural production, it is necessary to provide employees of agro-industrial enterprises with their own housing and raise their wages to the level of the average economy of the region. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a set of measures proposed by the authors to solve the personnel problem of agro-industrial enterprises.
REFLEKSI HUKUM ZAKAT DIGITAL PADA BAZNAS DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MUSTAHIK
Authors: Utami Pertiwi , Suryanto Tulus , Ghofur Ruslan Abdul , Nasor M
Published: June 2020

Peneliti melakukan kajian pengetahuan hukum digital zakat pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Pusat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendekatan hukum Islam terhadap penggunaan layanan digital zakat dan bagaimana implementasi prinsip-prinsip pengelolaan yang baik pada manajemen zakat digital. Dengan menggunakan metodologi hukum Islam, peneliti ingin memberikan wawasan baru dari segi kajian hukum ekonomi dan keuangan syariah dengan pendekatan tersebut. Dari hasil analisis dan pembahasan, mengungkapkan bahwa hukum penggunaan teknologi digital sendiri diperbolehkan dan tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah, selama serta tidak mengandung unsur-unsur kemudharatan bagi penggunanya. Sedangkan implementasi prinsip-prinsip syariah pada digital zakat baik penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat sudah cukup baik.
KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENGIKATAN AKTA PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI DI HADAPAN NOTARIS TANPA DIHADIRI PARA SAKSI
Authors: Aribowo Agustiro Nugroho
Published: June 2020

Pengikatan Akta Perjanjian Jual Beli (PPJB) merupakan salah satu instrumen pengikatan yang termasuk mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian sempurna atau bersifat otentik. Pada proses perjanjian pengikatan jual beli pada praktiknya proses penandatanganan pengikatan akta perjanjian jual beli dilakukan tanpa dihadiri para saksi. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengikatan Akta Perjanjian Jual Beli yang tidak dihadiri para saksi memenuhi syarat formil berdasarkan Pasal 1868 KUHPerdata, pengikatan akta perjanjian jual beli tersebut akan tetap memberikan kepastian hukum kepada kontraktan karena bersifat otentik. Otensitas akta tidak berubah meskipun pada proses pengikatan akta perjanjian dilakukan tanpa dihadiri para saksi. Otensitas akta perjanjian bersifat mutlak karena dibuat oleh atau dihadapan notaris. Notaris bertanggung jawab secara penuh terhadap akta yang dibuatnya bilamana ada syarat formil dan materil yang tidak dapat dipenuhi secara lengkap. Bilamana dalam tatanan praktisnya pengikatan akta perjanjian jual beli mengakibatkan kerugian terhadap para pihak, notaris dapat dituntut secara keperdataan dan wajib mengganti kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Adapun tanggung jawab administratif yaitu dalam bentuk peringatan tertulis, pemberhentian sementara, pemberhentian dengan hormat dan pemberhentian dengan tidak terhormat.
Delineating fragmented grassland patches in the tropical region using multi-seasonal SAR and Optical Satellite Images
Authors: Samrat Abhishek , Devy M. S. , Ganesh
Published: June 2020

Globally grasslands are declining and are in highly degraded conditions. In south Asia grasslands are neglected and treated as wastelands. They remain unprotected, highly fragmented, and poorly understood which has led to a loss of unique biodiversity and livelihoods. Mapping grasslands accurately is a challenge and current maps based on optical remote sensing often over- or underestimate grasslands in south Asia due to a prevalant complex landscape matrix, small patch sizes, and obscuring monsoonal clouds. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) fused with moderate spatial resolution has been used to delineate grasslands but, high-resolution, freely available ESA’s sentinel-1(SAR) and -2(optical) provides an opportunity to map small and fragmented patches that were not possible earlier with the publically available moderate or medium spatial resolution remote sensing dataset. Further, high resolution imageries require high computing power which is often limited with stand alone machines. Here we demonstrate that using cloud computing and optimal use of multi-seasonal imagery one can obtain a highly accurate land cover/use classification for a complex habitat matrix. We used freely accessible cloud computing platforms like Google Earth Engine (GEE) and land cover/use classification of sentinel-1 and -2. We compared the accuracy of grassland delineation between 1) seasonal (pre, during, and post-monsoon) sentinel-1, 2) post-monsoon sentinel-2, and 3) combined sentinel-1 and -2. We tested this method at two sites in a highly fragmented habitat matrix in semi-arid areas of Western and Southern India. The classification result has shown the overall accuracy of for the combined image was higher than only sentinel-2 and sentinel-1 alone for both sites. Grasslands habitat accuracy was also consistent with combined image classification across the sites. Our results identified newer grassland areas that coarse landuse management maps used by the government did not. The computation was done on a basic laptop and processing completed very quick. We, therefore, suggest that this novel approach of using cloud computing and optimal use of resource-hungry (computation and storage) high-resolution ESA’s sentinel-1 and -2 data, can be used to identify major land classes and small patchy grassland in the semi-arid regions of Asia and has the potential to map at continent level.
Changes of Form of Malay Traditional Houses in Medan and Surroundings
Authors: Imam Faisal Pane  , Hilma Tamiami Fachrudin
Published: June 2020

Malay Architecture is one of the architectures that developed in Medan City and its surroundings. Malay ethnicity has existed and developed in this area marked by the presence of the Deli Malay Sultanate whose Kingdom capital is in Medan. With the existence of this Sultanate, the existence of Malay architecture is getting stronger and influencing the community, especially for the Malay community. This article aims to look at the development of Malay architecture nowadays with various influences that come from everywhere. This influence is certainly related to the form of this building which changes follow the times. Observation locations are in Medan and its surrounding areas, namely Langkat and Serdang Bedagai. Qualitative methods are used to see physical facts in the field which are corroborated by the questionnaire as a form of respondents’ expressions. The results obtained are some changes to the building caused by the variety of activities owned by residents of the house so that it requires space that affect the changes in the form and function of the building. Overall, the building owner still maintains the characteristics of Malay traditional architecture, especially the use of ornaments or decoration on the building.
Development of Teaching Material for Short Story Writing Experience Based on 7th Grade Students of Junior High School 2 Kejuruan Muda
Authors: Nazila Dinda Khairun , Adisaputera Abdurahman , Saragih Amrin
Published: June 2020

This study aims to develop teaching materials for writing short stories based on experience to facilitate students in writing short text. The learning approach offered by researchers is considered appropriate for writing short text material because it can help students to easily express their ideas in writing short stories by linking the material with the context of their daily lives. In addition, experience is the best teacher because from experience one can learn. Experience is a memory that is recorded and stored as a story that forms a filter of perception that ultimately guides behavior. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of teaching short story writing lessons based on experiences developed for 7th grade student of junior high school 2 Kejuruan Muda was stated to be more effective than student handbooks. The results of the acquisition of student learning outcomes before and after using teaching materials have increased quite significantly by 8.28. The average score of students before (pretest) using teaching materials learning experiences writing short stories based on experience 74.43 and the average value of post (testing) using teaching materials learning writing short stories based on experience 82.71.