bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A “Diplomacia das Armas”: Um Olhar Realista Sobre a Política Externa Argentina do Período Militar (de 1976 a 1983) l “Diplomacy Of Arms”: A Realistic Look at Argentine Foreign Policy During The Military Period (From 1976 To 1983)
Authors: Espósito Neto Tomaz
Published: October 2021

Em agosto de 1976 um golpe militar derrubou Isabel Perón e instalou um dos regimes militares mais violentos da América do Sul (1976-1983). A política internacional do Estado argentino sofreu alterações relevantes, tais como o alinhamento com o “Mundo Ocidental Cristão”, o qual era capitaneado pelos Estados Unidos. Em poucos anos, a Argentina se tornou um “pivot” de diversos momentos de tensão e de conflito no Cone Sul, como o litígio de Itaipu-Corpus, o conflito argentino-chileno pelo controle do canal de Beagle e a Guerra das Malvinas/Falklands (1982). Como resultado dessa estratégia, o país se isolou profundamente do restante da sociedade internacional. O presente texto apresenta os eixos das relações exteriores argentinas entre 1976 e 1983, com ênfase nas tensões entre a Argentina e os países contíguos, com objetivo de analisar criticamente a atuação internacional da Casa Rosada a partir da ótica do realismo clássico.Palavras-Chave: Argentina; Política externa argentina; História da Argentina. ABSTRACTIn August 1976 a military coup overthrew President Isabel Perón, installing one of the most violent military regimes in South America (1976-1983). When compared to previous Peronist governments, the international policy of the Argentine State has undergone relevant changes, such as an alignment with the Western Christian World. In a few years, Argentina has become a pivot of different moments of tension and conflict in the Southern Cone, such as the dispute over Itaipu-Corpus, the Argentine-Chilean conflict over the Beagle channel and the Malvinas/Falklands War (1982). As a result of this strategy, the country has profoundly isolated itself from the rest of international society. This text presents the axes of Argentine foreign relations between 1976 and 1983, with an emphasis on tensions between Argentina and the contiguous countries, with the aim of critically analyzing the international performance of Casa Rosada from the perspective of classical realism.Keywords: Argentina; Argentine foreign policy; History of Argentina. Recebido em: 12/08/2020 | Aceito em: 10/02/2021.
O Debate Contemporâneo Sobre o Princípio de Soberania na Literatura Ocidental de Relações Internacionais l The Contemporary Debate on the Principle of Sovereignty in the Western Literature of International Relations
Authors: Oliveira Alice Castelani de
Published: October 2021

A soberania representa uma das articulações políticas mais importantes da Modernidade, a qual convencionou a separação entre as políticas interna e externa. Posto isso, entendemos que para compreender o mundo em que vivemos é necessário pensar essa categoria à luz do contexto contemporâneo, então, com o objetivo de contribuir para o estudo desse conceito, no presente artigo apresentaremos uma revisão do debate atual sobre a categoria de soberania. Para esse fim, nos apoiaremos em um exame da literatura ocidental de Relações Internacionais (RI), com foco em autores americanos, considerando que a produção de conhecimento dos Estados Unidos (EUA) é preponderante dentro deste campo. Esclarecemos que o debate na esfera destacada pode ser dividido em duas linhas de pesquisa que serão exploradas neste texto. A primeira aborda o aprofundamento da globalização e os efeitos desse processo sobre soberania e a segunda discute como são socialmente construídos os discursos sobre essa categoria.Palavras-Chave: Teoria; Relações Internacionais; Soberania.ABSTRACTSovereignty represents one of the most important political articulations of Modernity, which established the separation between internal and external policies. That said, we understand that in order to understand the world in which we live, it is necessary to think about this category in the light of the contemporary context, so, in order to contribute to the study of this concept, in this article we’ll present a review of the current debate on the category of sovereignty. To that end, we’ll rely on an examination of the Western International Relations (IR) literature, focusing on American authors, considering that the production of knowledge from the United States (USA) is predominant within this field. We clarify that the debate in the highlighted sphere can be divided into two lines of research that will be explored in this text. The first addresses the deepening of globalization and the effects of this process on sovereignty and the second discusses how the speeches about this category are socially constructed.Keywords: Theory; International Relations; Sovereignty. Recebido em: 27/03/2021 | Aceito em: 18/05/2021.
Estratégias de reabilitação fisioterapêutica em pacientes com neuropatia diabética: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Xavier Daniela , Umbelino Thais , Alves Arielly , Lemos Ludmila Rocha , Rabelo Leonardo Moreira , Alexandre Krislayne Veras , Rodrigues Gabriela Meira de Moura
Published: October 2021

Resumo: Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica caracterizada pela elevação da glicose no sangue acima da taxa normal. Os pacientes com DM podem manifestar baixa sensibilidade, irregularidade na propriocepção, baixa flexibilidade e atrofia muscular. Objetivo: Responder a seguinte pergunta: Quais as estratégias que podem ser utilizadas na reabilitação fisioterapêutica de pacientes com neuropatia diabética (ND)? Metodologia: Estudo realizado por meio de revisão sistemática. Foram utilizadas 27 pesquisas publicadas entre 2007 a 2019 para a composição desse artigo. Para o desenvolvimento dos resultados, foi realizado uma síntese minuciosa nos bancos de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Scielo, Medline e Repositórios Universitários sobre as formas de tratamentos fisioterapêuticos da neuropatia diabética. Resultados: Previamente, foram selecionadas 24 pesquisas e destas usadas 5 para compor um quadro com as medidas que podem ser utilizadas na reabilitação fisioterapêutica em indivíduos com neuropatia diabética. Todos os 5 estudos conseguiram resultados positivos com os seus respectivos tratamentos. Discussão: Ainda é escasso na literatura formas de tratamento da neuropatia. Isso precisa ser mudado, pois como visto o tratamento traz benefícios aos acometidos por esse agravo. Conclusão: O fisioterapeuta, por meio de seus cuidados, contribui para uma redução significativa dos danos causados pela neuropatia diabética. Este profissional necessita está capacitado para poder identificar o tipo de neuropatia que acomete o indivíduo e decidir pelo tratamento que melhor se adeque ao paciente.
Cultura árabe - islâmica e o aprendizado em saúde na fronteira entre o Brasil e o Paraguai
Authors: Mansour Noura Reda , Fabriz Luciana Aparecida , Morales Paulo Cesar Mayer , Wysocki Anneliese Domingues , Zilly Adriana , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio
Published: October 2021

As comunidades árabe-islâmicas guardam costumes que são transmitidos aos descendentes em seus espaços familiares e comunitários. O estudo objetivou analisar a influência da cultura árabe-islâmica no aprendizado em saúde emduas escolas em Foz do Iguaçu - Brasil e uma escola em Cidade de Leste - Paraguai. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-descritivo, realizado em 2017. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado. Participaram 37 alunos do ensino médio de origem árabe-islâmica. Na análise de dados foi calculada a frequência, percentual, média, mediana e desvio padrão das observações. Dos 37 participantes, 67,6% são femininos, com média de idade de 17,2 anos. Os dados foram organizados em três quesitos avaliativos: 1) Higiene Saúde (nas três escolas, foi atribuído nota 5 (mediana) para a grande maioria das assertivas, associando o aprendizado ao convívio social); 2) Água/Saneamento Básico (a disciplina de Ciências Biológicas teve a maior frequência de notas 5 (mediana) nas três escolas, e o item que recebeu maior pontuação foi “a água de consumo deve ser potável” e o com a menor foi o “descarte correto do lixo” com nota 3). 3)  Alimentação Saudável (a disciplina de Ciências Biológicas foi a que menos influenciou nas respostas, obteve baixa de frequência de notas 5 (mediana), diferente da disciplina de Religião com maiores escores). A cultura árabe-islâmica contribui para o aprendizado em saúde, demonstrando que o trabalho junto à líderes religiosos pode ser estratégico, em especial sobre os itens, água/saneamento básico, descarte do lixo e a importância de evitar água parada para prevenção da dengue.
Campanhas sanitárias como instrumentos da educação em saúde no Brasil: algumas reflexões para uma educação popular em saúde
Authors: Costa Jefferson Silva , Carneiro-Leão Ana Maria Dos Anjos
Published: October 2021

No Brasil, o embrião do que é conhecido na atualidade por “Educação em Saúde” surge apenas na segunda metade do século XIX, após a chegada da família real portuguesa. Apesar disso, as campanhas sanitárias, definidas como publicidades que objetivam à orientação para execução de práticas de cuidado com a propria saúde, portanto instrumentos essenciais da Educação em Saúde, surgem apenas no começo do século XX, pautadas em um modelo coercitivo e fiscalizador.  Com o passar das décadas, a utilização de campanhas sanitárias como instrumentos da Educação em Saúde foi tendo seus objetivos, publico-alvo e espaços de atuação modificados. Dessa forma, a veiculação desse tipo de campanha, da maneira como ocorre hoje, é fruto de um processo histórico que se entrelaça com os modelos de saúde e educação defendidos em cada época da história brasileira. Na atualidade, é defendido um modelo de Educação em Saúde mais dialógico e inclusivo, denominado de Educação Popular em Saúde, sendo necessário aplicar esse modelo para os instrumentos que compõem as campanhas sanitárias. Diante disto, ficou evidente a necessidade de refletir sobre a utilização, produção e mensagens veiculadas em campanhas sanitárias para compreender a necessidade desse material caminhar, de fato, para uma Educação Popular em Saúde.
Gamificação: expectativa educativa, impacto na saúde
Authors: Ferreira Elisabete Zimmer , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de , Brum Aline Neutzling , Silva Mara Regina Santos da , Lourenção Luciano Garcia
Published: October 2021

Os dispositivos tecnológicos fazem parte do cotidiano da sociedade e marcam presença também no ambiente escolar. Diante disso, a gamificação tem sido utilizada como alternativa às abordagens tradicionais da educação. Assim, realizou-se um ensaio teórico com o objetivo de refletir sobre a gamificação na educação e o risco do uso desmedido de jogos digitais para a saúde dos adolescentes. Nesta reflexão discorre-se sobre o uso de jogos digitais no contexto educacional, o risco por trás dos jogos digitais e estratégias para minimizar danos à saúde, decorrentes da utilização dos jogos. Concluiu-se que a gamificação demonstra ser um excelente catalizador da aprendizagem. No entanto, se for estimulada sem moderação, pode gerar um fascínio pelo jogo, desencadeando sentimentos de ansiedade, agressividade e de compulsão. Portanto, é necessário que os atores sociais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente na formação dos adolescentes, como a família, a comunidade escolar e os profissionais de saúde estejam atentos a possíveis mudanças no comportamento dos adolescentes e estruturem ações, estratégias e políticas de atenção à saúde, focadas no uso dos jogos digitais pelos adolescentes.
Reflexões acerca da conceituação de saúde e construção de um conceito de saúde: implicações para os profissionais da saúde
Authors: Paula Ana Cláudia Schuab Faria de , Jantara Romario Daniel , Abreu Daiane Porto Gautério , Mello Marlise Capa Verde Almeida de
Published: October 2021

O debate sobre o conceito de saúde é extenso, envolvendo convergências e divergências recorrentes entre autores. Este estudo trata-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo que descreve a elaboração de um conceito de saúde por uma estudante de mestrado, embasado no plano de estudo da disciplina “Conceitos de saúde e seus nexos no trabalho da Enfermagem/Saúde”, pertencente ao Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem do programa de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu de uma Universidade Federal do extremo Sul do Brasil. O objetivo é estimular uma reflexão plural e edificadora no meio acadêmico e profissional sobre saúde, a partir da apresentação de uma construção conceitual fundamentada em diferentes saberes, teorias e nexos. As reflexões apresentadas ao longo deste estudo oportunizaram a construção de um conceito de saúde ampliado, compreendido como o estado subjetivo de bem-estar, satisfação, autonomia e funcionalidade, independente da dimensão, para realizar atividades propostas ou esperadas por um do indivíduo em relação à ele mesmo, frente à aspectos multidimensionais e multifatoriais intrínsecos/extrínsecos, considerando fatores limitantes não modificáveis, condições de vida/trabalho, e capacidade de adaptação e interação com o meio, transmudando assim o próprio ser. Considera-se que as discussões sobre saúde são infindáveis e seu entendimento constantemente ressignificado, seja de forma individual ou coletiva, social ou intelectual.
Diagnose laboratorial das hepatopatias: debate acerca das fronteiras do processo de aprendizagem no ensino médico
Authors: De Oliveira Raniery Ávila , Alves Marcelo Paraíso
Published: October 2021

O presente ensaio objetiva discutir o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do diagnóstico laboratorial das doenças hepáticas e seu redimensionamento, tendo por paradigma o pensamento complexo. Nessa perspectiva, a revisão bibliográfica foi realizada nas principais bases de dados, com análise dos trabalhos, cuja temática relacionava-se ao escopo do ensaio. O diagnóstico laboratorial em hepatologia é um processo fluído, que necessita ultrapassar os muros disciplinares impostos pela categorização das especialidades médicas. Outrossim, a complexidade inserida no ato de diagnosticar tem por base uma racionalidade que implica em prudência e atenção, e deve ser desvinculada da aparente relação dicotômica naturalizada pelo paradigma mecanicista. Repensar o modo como se ensina e como se aprende no processo de graduação em medicina é um aspecto prioritário, podendo impactar em mudanças de posturas necessárias à sociedade. Cabe frisar que tal proposição visa não apenas a assimilação do conteúdo, mas o desenvolvimento da competência médica para estabelecer interconexões com os demais campos do saber médico, bem como com os determinantes sociais, políticos, econômicos e culturais, atribuindo novos sentidos ao conhecimento. Assim, espera-se que esse debate acerca do diagnóstico hepático contribua com as discussões curriculares das escolas médicas, no intuito de promover a revisão de ementas, estratégias, metodologias e reflexões sobre o paradigma que subsidia os aspectos mencionados. Nessa lógica, a transversalidade pode estruturar mudanças no campo do conhecimento acerca do diagnóstico laboratorial das doenças hepáticas mais prevalentes, promovendo conhecimento mais pertinente, contextualizado, globalizado, complexo e capaz de refletir a pluralidade de saberes da sociedade contemporânea.
Oficina sobre suporte básico de vida para estudantes de saúde
Authors: Silva Filho Benedito Fernandes da , Magalhães Maria Olívia Costa , Del Sarto Rosiane Barros Oliveira , Souza Júnior Edison Vitório de , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo objetivou descrever a experiência de mestrandos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde de uma Universidade Pública do Estado da Bahia, sobre a oficina de Suporte Básico de vida ministrada para estudantes da área de saúde. A proposta da oficina sobre Suporte Básico de Vida foi promover uma abordagem teórica-prática baseada na realidade. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma aula expositiva dialogada, utilizando-se recursos audiovisuais, contendo os seguintes conteúdos teóricos: Epidemiologia das doenças do aparelho circulatório; Sintomatologia de um indivíduo em PCR; Passos para o reconhecimento de uma situação de PCR; Sequência de avaliação e conduta em cada momento; Uso do Desfibrilador Externo Automático (DEA) e Manobra de Heimlich em adultos. É de fundamental importância que toda a sociedade, tenha conhecimento acerca dos protocolos de Suporte Básico de Vida, visto que qualquer pessoa está sujeita às situações de urgência e/ou emergência, podendo assim intervir de maneira efetiva no socorro à vítima.
O que aconteceu com os que ensinam? O impacto da COVID-19 sobre a rotina e a saúde dos professores universitários
Authors: Mozzato Anelise Rebelato , Sgarbossa Maira , Mozzato Fernanda Rebelato
Published: October 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 atingiu de modo distinto docentes e discentes, bem como o sistema educacional, agravando as muitas assimetrias já existentes. Com a necessidade do distanciamento social, o ensino universitário foi levado a rever suas práticas educacionais, que já clamavam por mudanças há muito tempo. Em curto espaço temporal, professores e alunos universitários precisaram se adaptar ao modelo remoto de ensino. Desse modo, este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo debater e alçar reflexões sobre o impacto da COVID-19 na rotina e na saúde do professor universitário. Por meio da revisão de literatura, destacou-se algumas das diversas consequências que a pandemia trouxe para a sociedade e, sobretudo, para a educação, cujas fragilidades, são expostas frente à pandemia, a qual impõe incertezas e desafios diversos (visíveis e invisíveis), que acometem a saúde física e mental dos professores universitários, seja  pela intensificação do trabalho, aumento da monotonia, riscos ergonômicos, conturbação entre espaço pessoal e laboral, entre outros. Diante disso, por meio de algumas indagações e provocações, leva-se o leitor a pensar sobre as situações e consequências (im)postas pela COVID-19, em busca de respostas, caso houverem. Nessa lógica, por mais que paradoxal, visualiza-se a promoção de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem mais criativo e reflexivo, seja na modalidade presencial, ou mesmo no ensino remoto.Palavras-chave: Covid-19, pandemia, ensino universitário, professor, saúde, rotina.
Can We Enhance Statistical Learning? Exploring Statistical Learning Improvement in Children with Vocabulary Delay
Authors: Yim Dongsun , Yang Yoonhee
Published: October 2021

Objectives: If statistical learning ability is critical for language acquisition and language development, it is necessary to confirm whether enhancing statistical learning ability can improve the children’s language skills. The present study investigated whether children with and without vocabulary delay (VD) show a difference in improving statistical learning (SL) tasks manipulated with implicit, implicit*2 and explicit conditions, and with visual and auditory domains; and also explores the relationship among SL, vocabulary, and quick incidental learning (QUIL).Methods: A total of 132 children between 3 to 8 years participated in this study, including vocabulary delayed children (N= 34) and typically developing children (N = 98). Participants completed SL tasks which were composed of three exposure conditions, and Quick incidental learning (QUIL) tasks to tap the novel word learning ability.Results: The VD group score was significantly lower than the TD group in the explicit condition of the auditory statistical learning task, and there was a significant correlation between QUIL and SL_auditory (implicit*2) only in the TD group.Conclusion: These results may explain that the TD group was ready to accept the explicit cues for learning as a domain-specific (auditory) benefit, and their auditory SL ability can be closely linked to vocabulary abilities. The current study suggests one possibility; that the VD group can increase the statistical learning ability through double auditory exposures. The novel quick incidental learning in the TD group was supported by the statistical learning, but this was not seen in the VD group.
Comparisons of Temporal Characteristics of Respiration and Swallowing Coordination between Young and Elderly
Authors: Seo Haeni , Choi Seong Hee , Lee Kyoungjae , Choi Chul-Hee
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The relationship between breathing and swallowing is very dynamic during swallowing and these are highly temporally coordinated to protect the airway. The ability to protect airways during swallowing deteriorates with aging. In this study, we attempted to compare the breathing-swallowing pattern and temporal change in the respiration and swallowing coordination between young and elderly adults in Korea.Methods: A total of 80 normal people, including 40 young and 40 elderly people participated in this study. For measurement of breathing and swallowing coordination, Digital Swallowing WorkstationTM was used during a 5 mL water swallowing task. Temporal parameters related to breathing-swallowing including AS (acoustic start), AP (acoustic peak), AD (acoustic duration), SAS (swallowing apnea or respiration pause start), SAD (swallowing apena duration), sES (submental sEMG start), sEP (submental sEMG peak), sED (submental sEMG duration). Additionally, DHI (Dysphagia Handicap Index) was evaluated for self-assessment of the degree of difficulty swallowing.Results: Older adults displayed delayed swallowing-related acoustic signal measurements, swallowing apnea measurements, surface EMG measurements, and delayed sequential coordination time of swallowing-related structures during swallowing. There were no significant differences according to gender. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between the total K-DHI scores and as well as swallowing apnea duration in the elderly.Conclusion: In the older population, the different breathing-swallowing pattern from that of young adults may increase the risk of dysphagia. In addition, swallowing delays due to aging can be an indicator of elderly swallowing disorders. Moreover, an increase in apnea time during swallowing may be a phenomenon that appears as a mechanism for airway protection in the elderly. However, the high correlation between apnea time and K-DHI score in the elderly may make it difficult to maintain respiration for a long time during swallowing as the respiratory function decreases due to aging, which may increase the risk of experiencing symptoms such as choking and affect the degree of subjective swallowing disorder. This suggests that even if classified as a normal elderly person without a pathological swallowing disorder, swallowing training is needed to prevent swallowing disorders and to enhance swallowing ability for older people with degraded swallowing-related abilities.
Relationship between ‘Language and Emergent Literacy’ before School Age and Literacy Performance Levels for First and Second Graders: Data Mining Decision Tree Model Analysis
Authors: Lee Eun Ju
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify factors (language and emergent literacy before school age) affecting Hangul reading and writing performance level in the first and second grades of elementary school.Methods: A decision tree analysis was conducted to examine the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) of the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE) on the 7th (kindergarten, 6 years old), 8th (first grade, 7 years old), and 9th data (second grade, 8 years old).Results: Reading and writing performance levels of 1st and 2nd grade children were related to reading first grade books independently with comprehension, reading most words correctly and answering questions about what was read, making predictions while reading, and retelling story after reading. Children with reading levels within the top 20 percent frequently chose reading & writing-related activities, frequently looked at or read books for pleasure or to gain information, looked for books related to a personal interest or class topic, listened with interest and concentration to stories read aloud, made rhyme words, followed directions that include a series of actions, and were able to write relatively simple words such as ‘mom’ and ‘dad’.Conclusion: The findings are expected to serve as a basis for understanding what areas of literacy education should be given to children with low reading and writing performance.
Teachers’ Awareness and Needs of the School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Choi Seong Hee , Lee Eun Kyoung
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Recently, as the population of various students in school classrooms has increased, the need for intervention on various communication problems has been emphasized. This study aims to provide basic data for legislative proposals for speech and language services in schools by investigating teachers’ perceptions and demands for establishment of school-based service delevery in speech-language pathology (SLP) in Korea.Methods: Using a Google survey, teachers at kindergarten, elementary, middle and high schools were questioned regarding their perception and demand for school SLP, with a total of 141 teachers responding.Results: The types of communication problems for the students in charge were 37.3% for multicultural families, 33.3% for slow learners, and 27% for children with other communication problems. Among the difficulties in communication among students, social communication skills accounted for 40.6%, followed by literacy with 22.7%, articulation with 16.4%, and vocabulary with 9.4%. More than 80% of teachers answered that there were students who had difficulty participating in class. Among them, 73.9% had the most difficulty in understanding the contents of the class, 32.2% of teachers’ instructions, and 17.4% of class presentations. In addition, it was found that more than half of the teachers interfered with the class or felt a work burden due to students who had difficulty participating in the class. Therefore, for this reason, 96.5% of teachers thought that having experts to help students would reduce their work burden and help children.Conclusion: Our outcomes demonstrated that teachers recognized the need for professional support at school sites, and mandatory placement of school SLP could provide students and parents with programs that could help improve their academic achievement or social communication skills.
Development of Using Endings (“Eomi”) in Spontaneous Language Samples from 2- to 3-Year-Old Korean Children
Authors: Choi Jihye , Oh So Jung , Lee YoonKyoung
Published: October 2021

Objectives: “Eomi” is known as an important grammatical marker in early Korean language development in that it can change the meaning of words, and their function in sentences. The purpose of this study was to investigate Eomi use in spontaneous language samples of young children.Methods: Fifty young children aged 2;6-3;11 participated and were classified into three age groups; late 2-year, early 3-year, and late 3-year groups. Spontaneous language samples were collected during reciprocal book reading procedure with examiners. The number of total Eomi (NTE), and the number of different Eomi (NDE) were counted for overall Eomi and its subcategories; Prefinal Eomi (PE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE), Sentence closing Eomi (SE). ANOVA and regression analysis were employed for investigating group difference and predicting variables for age, overall NTE and NDE.Results: The overall NTE significantly increased between the late 2-year group and the late 3-year group, and the overall NDE increased significantly between the late 2-yearold group and both 3-year groups. Analysis in Eomi subcategories showed a significant age effect in NTE and NDE of CE and TE. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of TE (57.3%) and CE (6.1%) explained chronological age.Conclusion: Use of Eomi significantly increased during early childhood. The results imply that NDE along with NTE of overall and subcategories of Eomi should be considered in language assessment.
Data Preprocessing: The Techniques for Preparing Clean and Quality Data for Data Analytics Process
Authors: Joshi Ashish P. , Patel Biraj V.
Published: October 2021

The model and pattern for real time data mining have an important role for decision making. The meaningful real time data mining is basically depends on the quality of data while row or rough data available at warehouse. The data available at warehouse can be in any format, it may huge or it may unstructured. These kinds of data require some process to enhance the efficiency of data analysis. The process to make it ready to use is called data preprocessing. There can be many activities for data preprocessing such as data transformation, data cleaning, data integration, data optimization and data conversion which are use to converting the rough data to quality data. The data preprocessing techniques are the vital step for the data mining. The analyzed result will be good as far as data quality is good. This paper is about the different data preprocessing techniques which can be use for preparing the quality data for the data analysis for the available rough data.
Maintaining the Data Integrity and Data Replication in Cloud using Modified Genetic Algorithm (Mga) and Greedy Search Algorithm (Gsa)
Authors: Ramanan M. , Raj J.Arockia Stephen
Published: October 2021

Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm thatprovides computing, communication and storage resourcesas a service over a network. Data Integrity is an important aspect which ensures the quality of the data stored in the cloud. Data Replication is the key factor which restores the corrupted data stor
Human Activity Recognition System
Authors: Bhambri Pankaj , Kaur Harpreet , Gupta Akarshit , Singh Jaskaran
Published: October 2021

Modern human activity recognAition systems are mainly trained and used upon video stream and images data that understand the features and actions variations in the data having similar or related movements. Human Activity Recognition plays a significant role in human-to-human and human-computer interaction. Manually driven system are highly time consuming and costlier. In this project, we aim at designing a cost-effective and faster Human Activity Recognition System which can process both video and image in order to recognize the activity being performed in it, thereby aiding the end user in various applications like surveillance, aiding purpose etc. This system will not only be cost effective but also as a utility-based system that can be incorporated in a large number of applications that will save time and aid in various activities that require recognition process, and save a lot of time with good accuracy Also, it will aid the blind people in availing the knowledge of their surroundings.
Technical Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
Authors: Kallakunta Suneela , Sreenivas Alluri
Published: October 2021

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new kind of wireless networks that are becoming very popular with a large number of civilian and military applications. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network that contains distributed independent sensor devices that are meant to monitor physical or environmental conditions. AWireless Sensor Network consists of a set of connected tiny sensor nodes, which communicate with each other we can also interchange information and data. These nodes obtain information on the environment such as temperature, pressure, or humidity and this information is stored in a base station. The latter sends the info to a wired network or activates an alarm or an action, depending on the type of data being monitored.
High dynamic range 3D measurements based on space–time speckle correlation and color camera
Authors: Li Tong , Zhang Shaohui , Hu Yao , Hao Qun
Published: October 2021

Structured light (SL) based three-dimensional (3D) measurement struggles to estimate high dynamic range (HDR) scenes, where both high and low reflectivity parts exist simultaneously. This paper proposes a method through the joint design and optimization of hardware and algorithms, in which only four frames are required to realize the 3D reconstruction of HDR scenes. The height information of each sub-area in the scene under test can be encoded effectively by temporally projecting two sets of complementary speckle patterns onto target surface. To decode the corresponding patterns captured by the cameras, we design a stereo matching strategy consisting of space-time binary feature (ST-BIF) descriptor preliminary screening and zero-mean normalized cross-correlation (ST-ZNCC) final retrieval. The ST-BIF descriptor based on neighborhood comparison is designed to describe the space-time relative intensity change of projected speckles. Besides the HDR adaptability, the ST-BIF descriptor can effectively improve the matching speed. In addition, the measurable dynamic range can be further improved by fusing all channel disparities as evaluated results, benefitting from the different response of R, G and B channels in color camera to monochromatic light. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The results indicate that our method achieves the root mean square error 0.2516mm (vs. 1.0668 by commonly used ZNCC) and an average coverage rate up to 94.87% (vs. 93.35% by commonly used ZNCC). Furthermore, the experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 3D reconstruction of HDR scenes including specular reflection region.
P-doped 1300  nm InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers directly grown on an SOI substrate
Authors: Huang Jing-Zhi , Wei Wen-Qi , Chen Jia-Jian , Wang Zi-Hao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: October 2021

The realization of monolithic integration of a stable III–V laser on a standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate has been regarded as a challenging technology for silicon-based photonic integration circuits (PICs). Here, we successfully demonstrated the electrically pumped P-doped 1300 nm InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) laser epitaxially grown on {111}-faceted SOI hollow substrates. These III–V QD lasers, which are epitaxially grown on an SOI substrate, generally exhibit strong thermal accumulation due to the oxide layer underneath. By applying a double-side heat dissipation design, the maximum operation temperature of the SOI-based InAs/GaAs QD laser under a continuous-wave (CW) operation mode is ramped up to 35°C from 20°C. Moreover, the thermal profile simulation of three different structures has also been carried out to show the effectiveness of the top heat sink design in order to improve laser performance. An integrated thermal shunt design is proposed to improve heat dissipation without using the external top heat sink. The successful realization of room-temperature SOI-based InAs/GaAs QD lasers pave a viable way for integrating light sources in PICs.
Recurrence quantification analysis of heart rate variability to detect both ventilatory thresholds
Authors: Zimatore Giovanna , Falcioni Lavinia , Gallotta Maria Chiara , Bonavolontà Valerio , Campanella Matteo , De Spirito Marco , Guidetti Laura , Baldari Carlo
Published: October 2021

Aims of this study were: to verify if Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) time series could determine both ventilatory thresholds in individuals with different fitness levels, and to assess the validity of RQA method compared to gas-exchange method (GE). The two thresholds were estimated in thirty young individuals during incremental exercise on cycle-ergometer: Heart rate (HR), Oxygen consumption (VO2) and Workload were measured by the two methods (RQA and GE). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess main effects of methods and methods-by-groups interaction effects for HR, VO2 and Workload at aerobic (AerT) and anaerobic (AnT) thresholds. Validity of RQA at both thresholds was assessed for HR, VO2 and Workload by Ordinary Least Products (OLP) regression, Typical Percentage Error (TE), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and the Bland Altman plots. No methods-by-groups interaction effects were detected for HR, VO2 and Workload at AerT and AnT. The OLP analysis showed that at both thresholds RQA and GE methods had very strong correlations (r >0.8) in all variables (HR, VO2 and Workload). Slope and intercept values always included the 1 and the 0, respectively. At AerT the TE ranged from 4.02% (5.48 bpm) to 10.47% (8.53 Watts) (HR and Workload, respectively) and in all variables ICC values were excellent (≥0.85). At AnT the TE ranged from 2.53% (3.98 bpm) to 6.64% (7.81 Watts) (HR and Workload, respectively) and in all variables ICC values were excellent (≥0.90). Therefore, RQA of HRV time series is a new valid approach to determine both ventilatory thresholds in individuals with different physical fitness levels, it can be used when gas analysis is not possible or not convenient.
Impact of a care bundle for patients with blunt chest injury (ChIP): A multicentre controlled implementation evaluation
Authors: Curtis Kate , Kourouche Sarah , Asha Stephen , Considine Julie , Fry Margaret , Middleton Sandy , Mitchell Rebecca , Munroe Belinda , Shaban Ramon Z. , D’Amato Alfa , Skinner Clare , Wiseman Glen , Buckley Thomas
Published: October 2021

Background

Blunt chest injury leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary chest injury care bundle (ChIP) on patient and health service outcomes. ChIP provides guidance in three key pillars of care for blunt chest injury—respiratory support, analgesia and complication prevention. ChIP was implemented using a multi-faceted implementation plan developed using the Behaviour Change Wheel.

Methods

This controlled pre-and post-test study (two intervention and two non-intervention sites) was conducted from July 2015 to June 2019. The primary outcome measures were unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, non-invasive ventilation use and mortality.

Results

There were 1790 patients included. The intervention sites had a 58% decrease in non-invasive ventilation use in the post- period compared to the pre-period (95% CI 0.18–0.96). ChIP was associated with 90% decreased odds of unplanned ICU admissions (95% CI 0.04–0.29) at the intervention sites compared to the control groups in the post- period. There was no significant change in mortality. There were higher odds of health service team reviews (surgical OR 6.6 (95% CI 4.61–9.45), physiotherapy OR 2.17 (95% CI 1.52–3.11), ICU doctor OR 6.13 (95% CI 3.94–9.55), ICU liaison OR 55.75 (95% CI 17.48–177.75), pain team OR 8.15 (95% CI 5.52 –-12.03), analgesia (e.g. patient controlled analgesia OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.64–3.94) and regional analgesia OR 8.8 (95% CI 3.39–22.79), incentive spirometry OR 8.3 (95% CI 4.49–15.37) and, high flow nasal oxygen OR 22.1 (95% CI 12.43–39.2) in the intervention group compared to the control group in the post- period.

Conclusion

The implementation of a chest injury care bundle using behaviour change theory was associated with a sustained improvement in evidence-based practice resulting in reduced unplanned ICU admissions and non-invasive ventilation requirement.

Trial registration

ANZCTR: ACTRN12618001548224, approved 17/09/2018
Global surgery for medical students – is it meaningful? A mixed-method study
Authors: Kühner Sofia , Ekblad Solvig , Larsson Jan , Löfgren Jenny
Published: October 2021

Introduction

There has been an increase in global health courses at medical universities in high-income countries. Their effect on students, however, is poorly understood. In 2016 an elective global surgery course was introduced for medical students at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden. The course includes a theoretical module in Sweden and a two-week clinical rotation in Uganda. The present study aimed to assess the format and determine its effect on students’ knowledge of global surgery and approach towards patients of non-Swedish origin.

Method

A mixed-methods design was used. Semi-structured case-based interviews were conducted individually with 18 students and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Examination scores and the course evaluation were analysed with Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s Chi-square and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate.

Results

The course was appreciated and students reported gained insights and interest in global surgery. Students’ ability to reason about global surgery issues was improved after the course. Students considered complicating aspects in the meeting with patients of non-Swedish origin. Students with abroad clinical experience felt less compelled to act on preconceptions.

Discussion

The global surgery course at Karolinska Institutet is appreciated and students gained valuable knowledge. The case-based interviews acted as a catalyst for reflection and showed that students felt insecure as they lacked knowledge about globally common surgical conditions and struggled with generalized preconceptions of patients of non-Swedish origin. To further support students to integrate theoretical knowledge and professional development, we suggest the introduction of problem-based learning.

Conclusion

The ability of the course to inspire students’ commitment to global surgery is promising as this engagement is the key to reaching the goal of equitable health globally. Offering such courses is a step towards inspiring and recruiting the future clinicians and researchers needed for expanding the field of global surgery.
Magnitude of metabolic syndrome in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Abebe Solomon Mekonnen , Demisse Abayneh Girma , Alemu Shitaye , Abebe Bewketu , Mesfin Nebiyu
Published: October 2021

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a major public health problem globally; it is clear that the burden of MetS is rapidly increasing the rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In Ethiopia studies done so far have shown a large disparity in magnitude of the prevalence of MetS and were mainly institution-based studies. Therefore, this study assess the prevalence of MetS among adults who are residing in Gondar city using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) assessment tool. The findings are imperative to developing and strengthening national NCD prevention and control programs.

Methods

This study was conducted in Gondar city Northwest Ethiopia in 2018. It employs a community-based cross-sectional study design among 3,227 individuals 18 years of age or older. Data was collected using the WHO stepwise tool, lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC) body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose levels (FG), and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence estimation was made along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The Kappa statistic was used to analyze the statistical agreement between ATP III and IDF definitions of the MetS. Stratified analysis was also performed for description and analysis components using ATP III and IDF as an outcome.

Result

Of the total study participants (3227), 3059 (94.8%) were included in the final analysis and 52.5% were female. The mean (±SD) age of the study participant was 40.8 years (16.2 ±SD). The overall prevalence of MetS using ATP III was 11.2% [95%CI: 10.1, 12.3] and using IDF was 11.9% [95%CI: 10.8, 13.2]. The sex-specific proportion was high in females rather than males irrespective of the criteria. The overall level of agreement between ATP III and IDF prevalence was 91.7% and the Kappa statistics was 0.594. Older age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, being female, born in an urban area, consumption of an alcoholic drink in the preceding 30 days, and non-fasting practice was significantly associated with MetS.

Conclusion and recommendation

There was a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among females than males irrespective of metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria. This also shows good agreement between ATP III and IDF. Being female, urban birthplace, frequent alcohol consumption in the last 30 days, and non-fasting practice are factors associated with higher rates of metabolic syndrome. Hence, awareness campaigns, physical exercise, and nutrition education intervention should be undertaken to promote health behavioral practice.
HSP105 expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma: Correlation with clinicopathological characteristics
Authors: Chen Ke-Jun , Li Feng-Zeng , Ye Qian , Jia Meng , Fang Sheng
Published: October 2021

Background

Heat shock proteins can protect against stress-associated cellular challenges, but they can also protect some tumors from human immune system monitoring. Heat shock protein 105 (HSP105/110) is a high molecular weight protein whose expression has been reported in many cancers, but few studies on its role in cutaneous malignant melanoma have been published. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between HSP105 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of CMM.

Methods

This retrospective study included 91 patients with CMM. The clinicopathological characteristics of CMM patients, including age, lesion duration, location, pathological classification, Clark’s level, Breslow thickness, metastasis and recurrence, were collected. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis for HSP105 were performed. Pigmented nevi (n = 20) served as a control. The staining intensity and percentage of stained cells were expressed as a histochemical score (HSCORE).

Results

HSP105 was overexpressed in melanoma compared with nevi. Differences in the HSCORE between nevi (HSCORE = 1.05(0.15,1.50)) and CMM (HSCORE = 2.68(1.80,3.60)) were remarkable (P<0.001). Exposed site lesions, recurrent and metastatic lesions, nodular melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma were closely associated with higher HSP105 expression (P = 0.011, P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, no significant difference was observed in Clark’s level, Breslow thickness, or lesion duration (P>0.05).

Conclusion

HSP105 is overexpressed in CMM. Higher HSP105 expression in lesions is associated with different clinicopathological variables. HSP105 may be a potential target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction of CMM.
Risk factors for microbiologic failure in children with Enterobacter species bacteremia
Authors: Boguniewicz Juri , Revell Paula A. , Scheurer Michael E. , Hulten Kristina G. , Palazzi Debra L.
Published: October 2021

Background

Enterobacter species are an important cause of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (BSI) in children. Up to 19% of adult patients with Enterobacter BSI have recurrence of infection resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) while on therapy with a 3GC. Data are lacking regarding the incidence of and risk factors for recurrence of infection in children with Enterobacter BSI.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case-control study of patients aged ≤21 years old admitted to Texas Children’s Hospital from January 2012 through December 2018 with Enterobacter BSI. The primary outcome was microbiologic failure from 72 hours to 30 days after the initial BSI (cases). The secondary outcome was isolation of a 3GC non-susceptible Enterobacter sp. from a patient with an initial 3GC-susceptible isolate.

Results

Twelve patients (6.7%) had microbiologic failure compared to 167 controls without microbiologic failure. Of the 138 patients (77.1%) with an Enterobacter sp. isolate that was initially susceptible to 3GCs, 3 (2.2%) developed a subsequent infection with a non-susceptible isolate. Predictors of microbiologic failure were having an alternative primary site of infection besides bacteremia without a focus or an urinary tract infection (OR, 9.64; 95% CI, 1.77–52.31; P < 0.01) and inadequate source control (OR, 22.16; 95% CI, 5.26–93.36; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Source of infection and adequacy of source control are important considerations in preventing microbiologic failure. In-vitro susceptibilities can be used to select an antibiotic regimen for the treatment of Enterobacter BSI in children.