bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les artisans de la concorde: Remarques sur le Congrès des Arts Populaires de Prague (1928)
Authors: NATAL CAION MENEGUELLO
Published: October 2021

RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse un événement spécifique : le premier Congrès international des arts populaires, qui s’est tenu à Prague en 1928. Lors de cette réunion, les savoir-faire artisanaux ont été considérés comme des outils diplomatiques efficaces : des éléments d’un réseau d’échanges culturels dont le but était de maintenir la paix. Nous mettons en évidence les principaux travaux qui y ont été discutés, en tenant compte du contexte géopolitique des années 1920 en Europe. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment les débats du dit congrès ont cherché à surmonter les rivalités nationalistes et à établir la concorde entre les nations européennes par un discours esthétique ancré sur le concept d’art populaire.
Conjugalidade Cis-Trans: Reinventando Laços, Desestabilizando Certezas
Authors: Alexandre Vinícius , Santos Manoel Antônio dos
Published: October 2021

Resumo Na era contemporânea, a conjugalidade pode ser experimentada sob múltiplas e variadas formas, em meio a diversos tipos de contratos de vínculos afetivos possíveis, todavia, as produções acadêmicas que se dedicam a compreender a dinâmica das relações amorosas em pessoas trans ainda são escassas. Considerando essa lacuna, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a dinâmica de relacionamento conjugal em um casal constituído por um homem trans e uma mulher cisgênero. Tendo como delineamento metodológico o estudo de caso, os dados foram recolhidos por meio de entrevista narrativa episódica. O material foi audiogravado e transcrito na íntegra, e a análise foi pautada pela perspectiva queer. Dada a falta de amparo institucional e a omissão de políticas públicas desenhadas especificamente para apoiar casais e famílias trans, os cônjuges reportaram um processo contínuo e dinâmico de renegociar corpos e desejos. Nos casos analisados, o apoio familiar e o suporte oferecido por amigos e parentes emergiram como elementos decisivos para a consolidação da subsistência material do casal.
Biblioterapia para Medos Noturnos em Crianças: Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Rafihi-Ferreira Renatha El , Alckmin-Carvalho Felipe , Silvares Edwiges Ferreira de Mattos , Ollendick Thomas
Published: October 2021

Resumo Medos noturnos na infância estão associados a ansiedade, problemas de sono e problemas de comportamento diurnos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo de caso de uma intervenção comportamental breve para o medo noturno severo e comportamento de dormir com os pais em uma menina de oito anos de idade. O tratamento consistiu em uma sessão em que os pais foram orientados a ler o livro Dormindo com Rafi: Boa Noite Filhote para sua criança por um período de quatro semanas e a encorajá-la a conduzir uma série de rotinas pré-sono e dormir sozinha. Medo noturno, padrões de sono e problemas de comportamento foram avaliados com medidas de relato parental. A menina também foi questionada para reportar seus medos noturnos por meio de uma escala visual analógica. Verificou-se aumento no número de noites em que a criança dormiu em sua própria cama e redução dos medos noturnos. Os efeitos positivos no pós-tratamento foram mantidos no seguimento de três meses. O presente estudo fornece suporte inicial para o uso desta breve intervenção, que empregou princípios comportamentais básicos, como modelação, modelagem e dessensibilização sistemática no tratamento de medos noturnos em crianças.
Hormônios e Mulheres na Menopausa
Authors: Sampaio Juliana Vieira , Medrado Benedito , Menegon Vera Mincoff
Published: October 2021

Resumo O término do ciclo fértil das mulheres está historicamente atrelado a sua capacidade reprodutiva, demarcando de maneira significativa o início do processo de envelhecimento. O climatério, momento de transição entre o período fértil e a menopausa (que é a última menstruação), é percebido em nossa sociedade como uma questão médica. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como os hormônios, considerados produtos atuantes em dinâmicas humanas, agenciam modos de subjetivação entre mulheres que passam pela menopausa na nossa sociedade, que valoriza a produtividade e a juventude. Nesta pesquisa, inspirada na cartografia de controvérsias proposto por Bruno Latour, foram analisados sete vídeos disponibilizados no Youtube pela indústria farmacêutica Bayer que abordavam direta ou indiretamente a “reposição hormonal” para mulheres. Identificamos que as mudanças hormonais na velhice são compreendidas como um desequilíbrio, causador de calores, problemas de libido, osteoporose, problemas cardíacos, secura vaginal etc. Tais percepções levam à busca por soluções médicas, como a reposição hormonal, para que o corpo alcance novamente o equilíbrio perdido com o envelhecimento. Concluímos que os hormônios são prescritos pelos médicos com a promessa de as mulheres se manterem jovens e sexualmente atraentes para seus parceiros do sexo masculino dentro de uma perspectiva que reitera o machismo e a heteronormatividade na sociedade.
PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR E AUTOMUTILAÇÃO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: RELATO DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO
Authors: Santos Elen Alves dos , Pulino Lúcia Helena Cavasin Zabotto , Ribeiro Beatriz Soares
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Este relato de prática profissional apresenta oficinas denominadas de “pensar e agir em cena” realizadas em escola pública do Distrito Federal com adolescentes estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II, com queixas de automutilação. Tendo como referencial norteador a psicanálise, os resultados mostram a necessidade de se criar na escola espaços de circulação de fala com e entre os adolescentes. Esse texto ainda salienta que o psicólogo escolar pode auxiliar na condução de atividades que reafirmem a necessidade de conceder voz aos adolescentes no espaço escolar e a urgência de uma política inclusiva voltada para os nossos jovens.
O Direito Tradicional da Comunidade Quilombola do Baú
Authors: Leite Matheus de Mendonça Gonçalves , Pereira Samuel dos Santos
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este artigo científico expõe as normas jurídicas tradicionais de ocupação e de uso do território da comunidade quilombola do Baú, localizada no município do Serro/MG. A pesquisa foi realizada com base na metodologia da observação participante, com a imersão dos pesquisadores na vida cotidiana da comunidade. A observação e análise das práticas sociais proporcionaram o material para a construção das categorias do direito tradicional quilombola.
La amplificación de la existencia de los seres padecientes
Authors: Carman María , Berros M. Valeria
Published: October 2021

Resumen A partir de un abordaje etnográfico, comparamos dos casos judiciales emblemáticos de la Argentina en los cuales fueron discutidas, en el marco de audiencias públicas judiciales, los umbrales de dignidad de animales humanos y no humanos con condiciones de vida precarias: un habeas corpus presentado a favor de la orangutana Sandra resuelto favorablemente y un amparo en el cual la Corte Suprema de Justicia evita que un niño con una gravísima enfermedad y su madre queden nuevamente en situación de calle.
Operação Lava Jato: ideologia, narrativa e (re)articulação da hegemonia
Authors: Bello Enzo , Capela Gustavo , Keller Rene José
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este texto analisa os múltiplos processos que produziram a Operação Lava Jato e foram por ela produzidos um contexto de crise da formação social brasileira. Tais processos, conjugados em uma unidade ruptural, foram capazes de desestabilizar e reorganizar o bloco hegemônico no poder, impulsionando Jair Bolsonaro. A Lava Jato operou, em suas práticas e discursos, através da forma-narrativa, de modo a expandir, por meio de sua capacidade de formatação, a ideologia dominante em sentido amplo, traçando um enredo com heróis e vilões.
STF, povos indígenas e Sala de Situação: diálogo ilusório
Authors: Godoy Miguel Gualano de , Santana Carolina Ribeiro , Oliveira Lucas Cravo de
Published: October 2021

Resumo Esta pesquisa analisa a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) 709, proposta no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), no que tange à proteção ao direito à saúde dos povos indígenas isolados e de recente contato. O artigo aborda especialmente a decisão judicial que determinou a instalação da Sala de Situação, um espaço oficial dentro da administração, para um diálogo intercultural e o fracasso dessa iniciativa.
Pandemia e crimes contra a humanidade: o “caráter desumano” da gestão da catástrofe sanitária no Brasil
Authors: Ventura Deisy de Freitas Lima , Perrone-Moisés Cláudia , Martin-Chenut Kathia
Published: October 2021

Resumo Quais seriam os critérios para aferição do caráter desumano de atos praticados por governos contra a população civil durante uma pandemia? Para responder a esta pergunta, o presente ensaio, situado na interface entre o direito internacional penal e a saúde global, resgata um passado de práticas delituosas no campo sanitário para apontar, no presente, a determinação política e ideológica das respostas nacionais à Covid-19. A seguir, recorre ao pensamento de Hannah Arendt e Mireille Delmas-Marty para tratar do caráter evolutivo dos crimes contra a humanidade, como base para a análise de um caso paradigmático: a resposta brasileira à pandemia de Covid-19, cujas condutas governamentais são apresentadas à luz de elementos como contexto, actus reus e mens rea.
TRANSFERENCIA DEL CONOCIMIENTO PATRIMONIAL HISTÓRICO EDUCATIVO A TRAVÉS DE LOS MUSEOS PEDAGÓGICOS UNIVERSITARIOS ESPAÑOLES
Authors: Domínguez Pablo Álvarez , Espinosa María José Rebollo
Published: October 2021

Resumen La difusión y transferencia del conocimiento son funciones prioritarias de la universidad. Los Museos Pedagógicos Universitarios (MPU) tienen que llevar a cabo esa actividad divulgadora. El artículo relata descriptivamente, cómo estos museos desarrollan este objetivo histórico educativo, al pretender que la ciudadanía ponga en valor el patrimonio educativo. Sin embargo, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados, sigue siendo un reto pendiente ofertar más cultura científica informal a la sociedad.
Hipóstase e estagnação: uma leitura crítica do Recurso Extraordinário n. 134.509
Authors: Feital Thiago Álvares
Published: October 2021

Resumo No presente artigo, analisamos o método adotado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) quando do julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário n. 134.509, o qual estabeleceu a não incidência do Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores (IPVA) para aeronaves e embarcações, à luz da Teoria Estruturante do Direito (TED). Visando a criticar a decisão, adotamos a metodologia de estudo de caso, mediante análise documental do acórdão do recurso mencionado, com especial ênfase no voto do ministro Francisco Rezek, cujo entendimento foi acompanhado pela maioria. Adotando os pressupostos metodológicos da TED, identificamos que a decisão hipostasia o constituinte, pois acolhe o dogma da vontade do legislador, e desconsidera o contexto linguístico da expressão veículos automotores, o que conduziu o tribunal a desviar-se da questão que lhe foi colocada – a Constituição de 1988 autoriza a incidência de IPVA sobre (aeronaves e) embarcações? –, respondendo a indagação diversa: o constituinte de 1987 desejara autorizar a incidência de IPVA sobre (aeronaves e) embarcações?
CÍRCULOS DE CULTURA E EJA: PRESENÇA DE PAULO FREIRE NA EDUCAÇÃO DE TRABALHADORAS
Authors: Machado Maria Margarida
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O artigo busca reconstituir encontros e reencontros com referenciais de Paulo Freire para apreender suas influências nas práticas educativas em Círculos de Cultura, mobilizando reflexões acerca da educação de pessoas trabalhadoras. Tem como suporte teórico e metodológico os referenciais da observação participante e da reconstituição de experiências por depoimentos, fontes documentais e bibliográficas. Os conceitos de memória individual e coletiva, história, lembranças e suas relações com a vida em sociedade auxiliaram na compreensão dos sentidos produzidos pelas experiências analisadas. Entre esses sentidos, foi possível perceber o caminho de ressignificação da luta pela alfabetização de adultos na defesa da escola pública para trabalhadores com Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA).
Experimental analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams in shear
Authors: Nzambi Aaron Kadima Lukanu Lwa , Oliveira Dênio Ramam Carvalho de , Monteiro Marcus Vinicius dos Santos , Silva Luiz Felipe Albuquerque da
Published: October 2021

Abstract Some normative recommendations are conservative in relation to the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams, not directly considering the longitudinal reinforcement rate. An experimental program containing 8 beams of (100 x 250) mm2 and a length of 1,200 mm was carried out. The concrete compression strength was 20 MPa with and without 1.00% of steel fiber addition, without stirrups and varying the longitudinal reinforcement ratio. Comparisons between experimental failure loads and main design codes estimates were assessed. The results showed that the increase of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio from 0.87% to 2.14% in beams without steel fiber led to an improvement of 59% in shear strength caused by the dowel effect, while the corresponding improvement was of only 22% in fibered concrete beams. A maximum gain of 109% in shear strength was observed with the addition of 1% of steel fibers comparing beams with the same longitudinal reinforcement ratio (1.2%). A significant amount of shear strength was provided by the inclusion of the steel fibers and allowed controlling the propagation of cracks by the effect of stress transfer bridges, transforming the brittle shear mechanism into a ductile flexural one. From this, it is clear the shear benefit of the steel fiber addition when associated to the longitudinal reinforcement and optimal values for this relationship would improve results.
Glomerular Endothelial Cell-Derived microRNA-192 Regulates Nephronectin Expression in Idiopathic Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Müller-Deile Janina , Sopel Nina , Ohs Alexandra , Rose Victoria , Gröner Marwin , Wrede Christoph , Hegermann Jan , Daniel Christoph , Amann Kerstin , Zahner Gunther , Schiffer Mario
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement

MicroRNA-192-5p (miR-192-5p) is upregulated in the glomeruli and urine of patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMGN). It derives from glomerular endothelial cells, is packed into exosomes, and decreases podocyte nephronectin (NPNT) in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by paracrine signaling. Patients with iMGN have reduced glomerular NPNT expression. Whole-body knockdown of npnt in zebrafish and podocyte-specific knockout of Npnt in mice damage the GBM, increasing lucidity of the lamina rara interna, which admits high molecular weight proteins. Reduced NPNT leading to GBM leakiness might be an important part of iMGN pathophysiology, initiating podocyte antigen presentation, and admitting autoantibodies into the subepithelial space. NPNT might be a prognostic parameter and noninvasive marker for iMGN. Monitoring and targeting this miR could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic approach for iMGN.

Background

Autoantibodies binding to podocyte antigens cause idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMGN). However, it remains elusive how autoantibodies reach the subepithelial space because the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is size selective and almost impermeable for antibodies.

Methods

Kidney biopsies from patients with iMGN, cell culture, zebrafish, and mouse models were used to investigate the role of nephronectin (NPNT) regulating microRNAs (miRs) for the GFB.

Results

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEC)-derived miR-192-5p and podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p are upregulated in urine and glomeruli of patients with iMGN, whereas glomerular NPNT is reduced. Overexpression of miR-192-5p and morpholino-mediated npnt knockdown induced edema, proteinuria, and podocyte effacement similar to podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p in zebrafish. Structural changes of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with increased lucidity, splitting, and lamellation, especially of the lamina rara interna, similar to ultrastructural findings seen in advanced stages of iMGN, were found. IgG-size nanoparticles accumulated in lucidity areas of the lamina rara interna and lamina densa of the GBM in npnt-knockdown zebrafish models. Loss of slit diaphragm proteins and severe structural impairment of the GBM were further confirmed in podocyte-specific Npnt knockout mice. GECs downregulate podocyte NPNT by transfer of miR-192-5p–containing exosomes in a paracrine manner.

Conclusions

Podocyte NPNT is important for proper glomerular filter function and GBM structure and is regulated by GEC-derived miR-192-5p and podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p. We hypothesize that loss of NPNT in the GBM is an important part of the initial pathophysiology of iMGN and enables autoantigenicity of podocyte antigens and subepithelial immune complex deposition in iMGN.
Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Öğretim Yöntem ve Tekniklerini Kullanma Becerileri ile Öğretmen Öz Yeterlikleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ŞEREF İzzet , ÇİNPOLAT Enes
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkçe öğretmenlerinin yöntem ve teknik kullanma becerileri ile öğretmen öz yeterlik inançları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma, bağımsız bir değişkenin manipülasyonunun olmadığı nicel araştırma desenlerinden ilişkisel araştırma modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile Türkiye’nin farklı illerindeki eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan 145 Türkçe öğretmeni çalışmaya katılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin toplanması amacıyla “Türkçe Öğretim Yöntem ve Tekniklerini Kullanma Becerisi Ölçeği”, “Öğretmen Özyeterlik İnancı Ölçeği” ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formundan yararlanılmıştır. Veriler, SPSS ve JASP bilgisayar programları kullanılarak bağımsız gruplar t-testi, tek yönlü ANOVA, Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkçe öğretmenlerinin yöntem-teknik kullanma becerileri ile öğretmen öz yeterlikleri arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki olduğu ve öğretmenlerin yöntem-teknik kullanma becerilerinin öğretmen öz yeterliği toplam varyansının %34’ünü açıkladığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı Kazanımlarının Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne Göre Sınıflandırılması
Authors: EROL Teymur
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2018 yılında yayımlanan Türkçe Öğretim Programı’ndaki 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf kazanımlarını Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne göre sınıflandırmaktır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma modellerinden bir olan betimsel model kullanılmıştır. Çalışma verileri, 2018 yılında MEB tarafından yayımlanan Türkçe Öğretim Programı’ndan elde edilmiştir. Verilerin tasnifinde kullanılan temel araç, Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’nde bulunan sınıflama tablosudur. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler doküman analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Programda yer alan 289 kazanım incelenmiş, bunlardan 36’sı psikomotor, 6’sı duyuşsal alan olarak belirlenmiştir. Geriye kalan 247 kazanım, bilişsel alanda tasnif edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, bilişsel alanda sınıflandırılan kazanımların %22,7’si olgusal, %65,2’si kavramsal, %8,9’u işlemsel, %3,2’si üstbilişsel bilgi kategorisinde bulunmaktadır. Bilişsel süreç bakımından kazanımların %4,9’u hatırlama, %47,8 anlama, %18,2’si uygulama, %7,7’si analiz etme, %11,7’si değerlendirme, %9,7’si yaratma boyutundadır. Kazanımların %70,4’ü hatırlama, anlama ve uygulamadan oluşan alt düzey bilişsel basamaklara, %29,6’sı analiz etme, değerlendirme ve yaratmadan oluşan üst düzey bilişsel basamaklara yöneliktir. Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nın ağırlık merkezini belirleyen bu sonuçlar, aynı amacı taşıyan benzer çalışmalarla tutarlık göstermektedir.
Türkiye'de Okuma Güçlüğünü Gidermeye Odaklanan İlkokul Düzeyindeki Araştırmaların İncelenmesi: 2000-2020 Dönemi
Authors: YILDIZ Mustafa , AYDOĞMUŞ Mücahit
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı 2000-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de ilkokul düzeyindeki öğrencilerin okuma güçlüğünü gidermeye dönük bilimsel çalışmaları bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada sistematik derleme yöntemi esas alınmıştır. Alanyazın taraması sonucunda birtakım dâhil etme ve dışarıda bırakma kriterlerine göre belirlenen 58 çalışma; çalışmaların genel özellikleri, katılımcıların özellikleri ve müdahale uygulamalarının özellikleri boyutlarıyla incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz ve tümevarımsal içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, okuma güçlüğü çalışmalarının en çok 4. sınıf öğrencileriyle gerçekleştirildiğini ve bu çalışmaların genellikle nitel araştırmalar olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmalarda uygulanan müdahale programlarının genel olarak araştırmacılar tarafından katılımcıların özellikleri dikkate alınarak hazırlanan etkinliklerden oluştuğu, okuma güçlüğünü gidermede akıcı okuma stratejilerinin kullanıldığı ve müdahalelerin başarılı olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye’de okuma güçlüklerini gidermeye dönük çalışmalarda teknoloji kullanımının yaygınlaşmasına, daha sistematik müdahale programlarına ve belirli standartlara sahip veri toplama araçlarına ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Gözünden Küresel Salgın Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim Aracılığıyla İlk Okuma Yazma Öğretimi
Authors: KARGIN Tolga , KARATAŞ Arda
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada, birinci sınıf öğretmenlerinin küresel salgın sürecinde uzaktan eğitim aracılığıyla ilk okuma yazma öğretimini nasıl gerçekleştirdiklerinin ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde ne tür sorunlar yaşadıklarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni benimsenmiştir. Her bölgeden iki öğretmen olmak üzere 14 öğretmen ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analizler neticesinde, elektrik ve internet altyapısı ile ilgili sorunlar, uzaktan eğitimde günlük ders saatinin fazla olması, ilk okuma yazma öğretiminde seslerin çıkarılmasına ve yazımına ilişkin sorunlar, velilerin bilinçsiz davranışları, ailelerin maddi yetersizliklerinden kaynaklı sorunlar, EBA platformunun içeriğindeki yetersizlikler ve öğretmenlerin hizmet içi eğitim almamış olmaları en sık ifade edilen sorunlar olmuştur. Uzaktan eğitim aracılığıyla ilk okuma yazma öğretimi gerçekleştirirken öğretmenlerin yüz yüze eğitim sürecindeki ders planlarını ve materyallerini kullanmaya devam ettikleri, bunun yanında videoları ve web platformlarını aktif olarak kullandıkları, oyun temelli bir öğretim gerçekleştirdikleri ve uzaktan eğitim sürecinde velilerin desteğini alarak ilerledikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Modelo de optimización para la ubicación de Access Point en redes WLAN
Authors: Contreras Higuera Martha Fabiola , Vesga Ferreira Juan Carlos , Vesga Barrera José Antonio
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Proponer un modelo de optimización para la ubicación de AP en redes WLAN en ambientes Indoor. Metodología: Para su desarrollo se plantearon algoritmos que permiten estimar la probabilidad de corte, el área de cobertura y las coordenadas de ubicación de los AP en función de las dimensiones del escenario, la frecuencia y las condiciones del entorno, soportadas en el modelo de propagación Log-Normal Shadowing Path Loss. Resultados y Conclusiones: Con base en los resultados obtenidos se pudo evidenciar que el modelo propuesto arrojó excelentes resultados al determinar el área de cobertura, la probabilidad de corte para un 80%, la ubicación geográfica de los AP acorde con los parámetros establecidos en cada uno de los escenarios, motivo por el cual se recomendaría el uso del modelo en futuros trabajos de investigación relacionados con la temática objeto de estudio.
Characterization of photovoltaic solar energy systems in a Colombian region
Authors: Jiménez García Francy Nelly , Echeverry Cardona Luisa Fernanda , Ocampo López Olga Lucia , Restrepo Franco Alejandra Maria
Published: October 2021

Objective: To establish a baseline about the solar photovoltaic energy systems installed in the department of Caldas, Colombia. Methodology: The solar photovoltaic installations were identified from secondary sources of information, followed by field visits to collect information on the characteristics of these systems. An evaluation instrument was designed consisting of 6 categories which was subsequently evaluated by expert peers. It was applied accompanied by interviews with owners of the identified systems. Results: 41 solar photovoltaic systems were identified and installed in 11 municipalities of Caldas. Data was collected from 28 installations with different characteristics. 50% of the solar photovoltaic systems are in the Central-South region of Caldas. 71% of the systems are mainly installed in the urban area; 64% correspond to small-scale isolated solar photovoltaic energy generation systems, with a maximum power of less than 600W. These installations have become a viable energy alternative for the region and are being used especially for lighting and the operation of household appliances in residences, hotels, restaurants, and educational institutions. Conclusions: Although regulations on solar energy installations had not been established, these systems have already been implemented in the department in a successful, but moderate, manner.
La víctima del delito ambiental: estudio desde la aporofobia
Authors: Ruiz Arias Miriam
Published: October 2021

En los últimos tiempos se han realizado diversos estudios sobre la delincuencia medio ambiental desde ámbitos como la teoría del delito, la política criminal y la criminología dados los diversos atentados medio ambientales que ocurren a lo largo y ancho del planeta, recordando que la responsabilidad de dichos atentados siempre se relaciona con la actuación de las personas jurídicas. Objetivo: el estudio de la víctima ambiental desde el nuevo enfoque metodológico de la aporofobia y con una doble visión: la comparativa entre norte-sur junto con la eco-victima urbana. Todo ello para realizar una propuesta político-criminal que permita el alcance de una justicia ecológico-social. Metodología: la metodología a emplear será la investigación teórica mediante la consulta de diferentes aportes doctrinales para elaborar una serie de conclusiones y hacer aportaciones útiles para lograr una política criminal eficiente dirigida a lograr una justicia ecológico-social. Resultados y conclusiones: La muestra de los principales rasgos de la eco-víctima tanto desde la visión norte-sur como desde una visión urbana.
Preoperative 2D-echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure in subgroups of liver transplantation recipients
Authors: Park Jungchan , Park Myung Soo , Kwon Ji-Hye , Oh Ah Ran , Lee Seung-Hwa , Choi Gyu-Seong , Kim Jong Man , Kim Keoungah , Kim Gaab Soo
Published: October 2021

Background: The clinical efficacy of preoperative 2D-echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) has not been evaluated fully in liver transplantation (LT) recipients.Methods: From October 2010 to February 2017, a total of 344 LT recipients who underwent preoperative 2D-echocardiography and intraoperative right heart catheterization (RHC) was enrolled and stratified according to etiology, disease progression, and clinical setting. The correlation of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) on preoperative 2D-echocardiography with mean and systolic PAP on intraoperative RHC was evaluated, and the predictive value of RVSP > 50 mmHg to identify mean PAP > 35 mmHg was estimated.Results: In the overall population, significant but weak correlations were observed (R = 0.27; P < 0.001 for systolic PAP, R = 0.24; P < 0.001 for mean PAP). The positive and negative predictive values of RVSP > 50 mmHg identifying mean PAP > 35 mmHg were 37.5% and 49.9%, respectively. In the subgroup analyses, correlations were not significant in recipients of deceased donor type LT (R = 0.129; P = 0.224 for systolic PAP, R = 0.163; P = 0.126 for mean PAP) or in recipients with poorly controlled ascites (R = 0.215; P = 0.072 for systolic PAP, R = 0.21; P = 0.079 for mean PAP). Conclusion: In LT recipients, the correlation between RVSP on preoperative 2D-echocardiography and PAP on intraoperative RHC was weak; thus, preoperative 2D-echocardiography might not be the optimal tool for predicting intraoperative PAP. In LT candidates at risk of pulmonary hypertension, RHC should be considered.
Responsible Business in a Digital World – What’s International Law Got to Do With It?
Authors: Kaufmann Christine
Published: October 2021

The observation that digital transformation challenges some of the underpinnings of traditional international law and regulation also applies to responsible business conduct. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are the most comprehensive international standard on responsible business conduct. This article discusses the impacts of digitalisation on responsible business conduct and the relevant case law by OECD National Contact Points and shows that as a sui generis instrument of international law the Guidelines can play an important role in accommodating business as the key driver of digital transformation and in addressing the related risks on people, the environment and society. However, several shortcomings of the existing regulatory framework are identified, particularly with regard to the imbalance of state and business responsibilities and the challenges for adequate regulatory responses in a highly dynamic environment where developments are driven by the private sector. Therefore, a holistic approach, based on 'Responsible Business Conduct by Design' both in technology and regulation is suggested. Given the specific features and impacts of digitalisation on responsible business conduct, such an approach would need to be of a hybrid nature by including a variety of actors and models of regulation beyond the state. To create a safe space for experimenting and testing new regulations and for mutual learning the article concludes with call for a new interface and for exploring a 'regulatory sandbox' at the international level.
Eric Vaughn snRNASeq Protocol v1
Authors: Vaughn Eric , Dulac Catherine
Published: October 2021

This protocol is designed to extract single nuclei for sequencing with 10X Genomics technologies. Note: For each step, keep tissue/nuclei/reagents/centrifuge on ice/cold to reduce IEG expression and maintain nuclear integrity. Buffers to prepare: -100mL Lysis Buffer Store @ 4 C: 98.4mL Nuclease-free water 1mL 1M Tris-HCl (10mM) 200uL 5M NaCl (10mM) 300uL 1M MgCl2 (3mM) 100uL NonIdet P40 (0.1%) -PBS w/ 1% BSA and RNAse inhibitor (new batch for each run; enough for 3-4 separate samples): 10mL PBS 100 mg powdered BSA (mix well) 50uL Promega RNasin (40U/uL; final conc: 0.2U/uL)
Tayloria rudolphiana in Russia, а range extension of worldwide rare moss species
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Plant Ecology and Geography Department, Ignatova Elena A. , Pisarenko Olga Yu. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Kuznetsova Oxana I. ,   Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS, Ignatov Michael S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Plant Ecology and Geography Department,   Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden RAS
Published: October 2021

Tayloria rudolphiana is documented in Altai Mountains, Russia as the first occurrence in North Asia. Previously this species was known in a limited range in Central Europe in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, where it at present is critically endangered to vulnerable. There are two disjunctive localities in China, a recent one in Hubei and a hundred year old collection in Yunnan. Our finding in Altai, in spruce forests in middle mountain zone in moderate abundance is important for assessment of the species conservation status. Molecular barcoding data of the plastid rps4 and trnL–F sequences support the species identity.
In vitro Barnardia japonica (Thunb.) Schult. et Schult. fil. micropropagation by direct regeneration
Authors:   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Pianova Anastasiya S. , Salokhin Aleksey V. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Lonchakova Tat’yana E. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Sabutski Yuri E. ,   Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS
Published: October 2021

In vitro micropropagation of rare Far Eastern species Barnardia japonica by the direct regeneration method was studied for the first time. The effect of different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin in combination with auxins on the regeneration potential of young seedlings using Murashige and Skoog media was estimated. It was found that the largest number of new plants (61 new shoots on average) is formed when explants are cultivated on the medium with a high concentration of kinetin (10 mg/L) and a minimum of α-naphthylacetic acid (0.1 mg/L). The resulting plants are rooted easily on a hormone-free medium of the same mineral composition. The least effective for the mass production of plants by direct regeneration was a medium with a combination of 2 mg/L kinetin and 1 mg/L α-naphthylacetic acid. The developed approach can be applied for the effective propagation of Barnardia japonica and returning the species to its natural habitat.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of operation of cylindric pyrolysis reactor with radial heating
Authors: Mitrofanov A.V. , Sizova O.V. , Shpeynova N.S. , Katyushin V.A.
Published: October 2021

The vector of development of solid-fuel energy is currently directed towards expanding the range of renewable fuels used. Along with the direct combustion of fuel, the processes of controlled thermal transformation of the raw biomass in an oxygen-free surrounding to obtain a new fuel based on it (liquid, solid, gaseous) are widely spread. A significant part of research in this sphere is related to the study of the formal kinetics of such processes, at the same time, the hardware design of the process is no less important, but less studied. Thus, development of mathematical models of pyrolysis equipment operation is relevant. A decisive difference approximation of these processes in the framework of an axisymmetric formulation of the problem is chosen as a mathematical basis for modeling physical and chemical transformations and transfer processes in the radial direction of a cylindrical pyrolysis reactor. The material constants of the processes are borrowed from the well-known literature references The authors studied the modes of reactor operation not covered by a full-scale experiment, using the previously proposed and verified one-dimensional mathematical model of a cylindrical pyrolysis reactor. The issues of the influence of the dimensionless kinetic function of the process (reaction model) on the thermal transformation of the material in the apparatus are considered. The significant influence of the chosen reaction model on the kinetic nature of the process is pointed out. The mutual influence of drying and pyrolysis the presence of which is due to the energy effects of the processes is considered. A significant spatial heterogeneity of the process is defined and the possibility of the existence of a non-trivial effect of advanced heating of the internal zones of the apparatus in comparison with the peripheral ones is specified. The paper shows that a computational experiment can help to detect non-trivial effects and identify the variability of the process implementation even within the framework of a single design and technological solution of the pyrolysis process. According to the authors, the results of the obtained numerical experiments indicate that mathematical modeling can be the basis of making technological solution. However, further research is also needed to determine reliably the material constants of the process.
EARLY THEORIES AND PRACTICALITIES ON GOLD OCCURRENCE IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: McQUEEN KENNETH G.
Published: October 2021

The discovery of gold in Australia forced many changes to theory on the occurrence and origin of gold deposits. Initial discoveries appeared to confirm existing ideas on the global distribution of gold-bearing terrains. Later discoveries and research would show that this confirmation was largely coincidental, but nevertheless helpful in early prospecting.

Prior to the first Australian gold rush, theoretical predictions of payable gold were made by Sir Roderick Murchison and Rev. W. B. Clarke based on knowledge of accidental gold finds and geological analogy with known areas of significant gold occurrence, particularly the Ural region in Russia. These predictions were overwhelmed when Edward Hargraves, realised he might be able to spark a gold rush that would prove the existence of payable gold. Hargraves travelled to the Bathurst region of New South Wales where numerous gold finds had already been made and with local guides, prospected Lewis Ponds Creek and the Macquarie River. He demonstrated the methods of alluvial mining, to John Lister and William and James Tom enabling them to find sufficient alluvial gold to initiate a gold rush. The crowd of attracted diggers demonstrated the existence of a payable goldfield. The unstoppable first rush resulted in the pragmatic introduction of government regulation and administration to allow alluvial gold mining. Other discoveries of payable goldfields quickly followed. As the local scientific expert on gold, W. B. Clarke was commissioned to conduct two extensive surveys of the goldfields between 1851 and 1853. Clarke also drew on his geological knowledge to provide practical advice to the thousands of prospecting gold diggers. Gold-bearing quartz reefs and lodes were discovered, but it was predicted that these could not be mined economically. Theory also predicted that the reef gold would not continue to depth.

Practical observations and mining experience from the numerous discoveries led to revision of the widely held dicta on gold occurrence. Alluvial gold was found in a range of settings, including the recent drainage and ancient and buried leads. A wider variety of rock types was recognised as favourable for gold. Different styles of reef gold were identified and found to be economically mineable to great depth. Evolving ideas on the origin of gold deposits were widely discussed, tested, and refined.

Of the many players involved in the early discovery of gold in Australia, Clarke, Hargraves and Murchison probably had the greatest overall influence in terms of theoretical predication and practical outcomes that initiated the Australian gold-mining industry.
THE “WORLD’S GREATEST MINERAL LOCALITY”: HAIǁOM, NDONGA, HERERO, AND THE EARLY COLONIAL HISTORIES OF TSUMEB, NAMIBIA
Authors: HEARTH SELBY
Published: October 2021

The Tsumeb copper mine in the Otavi Mountains of Namibia is famous both for its spectacular mineral specimens and for its unparalleled diversity of mineral species. The site was mined for nearly 100 years, first by Anglo-German and then by multinational companies; however, prior to that, the site was central to the economies of the Ndonga, Haiǁom, and Herero, who mined, smelted, crafted, and traded the copper. This paper attempts to fill a major gap in the early history of Tsumeb: how did control of Tsumeb’s copper transfer from local communities to Germany? By synthesizing a wide variety of sources, this paper tells pre-colonial and early colonial histories of copper in the Tsumeb area, focusing on the Haiǁom who mined the copper, the Ndonga who smelted and crafted it, and the Herero who had historical relationships with the land. Throughout, the paper attempts to connect Tsumeb’s local history with the larger regional context of South West Africa (now Namibia), and to provide a more in-depth account of the communities whose roles, in previous mineralogic histories of Tsumeb, have been reduced to: ‘trouble with the natives.’
EDUARD SUESS AND PALAEONTOLOGY: HIS ILLUSTRATIONS
Authors: ŞENGÖR A. M. C.
Published: October 2021

The very first scientific paper by the great Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831–1914), the dean of geologists internationally during his lifetime, treats the graptolites of Bohemia (the ‘Barrandian’). This paper and most of his subsequent papers on palaeontology are accompanied by superb drawings of his observations in which Suess took great care not to insert himself between Nature as he perceived it in the framework of the knowledge of his day and his readers. In his drawings, he exercised what the great German geologist Hans Cloos later called ‘the art of leaving out’. This meant that in the drawings, the parts not relevant to the discussion are left only in outline, whereas parts he wished to highlight are brought to the fore by careful shading; but even the parts left only in outline are not schematic, instead they are careful reconstructions true to Nature as much as the material allowed it. This characteristic of Suess’ illustrations is seen also in his later field sketches concerning stratigraphy and structural geology and also in his depiction of the large tectonic features of our globe representing a guide to his manner of thinking. His illustrations in his early palaeontological work foreshadowed the later global geologist’s approach to our planet (and the Moon!) as a whole.
BRITISH MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF MALTA, PART 1: NINETEENTH CENTURY FOUNDATIONS
Authors: ROSE EDWARD P. F.
Published: October 2021

Malta, an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, was fortified as a base for the Knights Hospitaller 1530–1798 and to provide major harbours for the British Royal Navy after 1813. Men with British military associations (all subsequently to attain some distinction in public and/or academic life) were amongst the many pioneers of Maltese geology who established the essence of its outcrop stratigraphy and structure: a circa 300-metre-thick sequence of near-horizontal mid-Cenozoic fossiliferous limestones punctuated by a ‘blue clay/marl’, cut by a series of major faults and penetrated by several caves and fissures whose infill contained significant remains of Pleistocene vertebrates. Between 1843 and 1856, Lieutenant (later Vice-Admiral) Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt (1811–1888) defined major units in the bedrock sequence, Colonel (later Major-General) Sir William Reid (1791–1858) promoted publication of a geological memoir, and a 1:31,680-scale geological map prepared by the 3rd Earl of Ducie on a Royal Engineers topographical base map was published under Royal Engineer auspices. Mostly between 1860 and 1866, Captain (later Professor) Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1836–1905) and Surgeon (later Deputy Surgeon-General and Professor) Andrew Leith Adams (1827–1882) made field observations that refined earlier interpretations of stratigraphy and structure and generated revised but small-scale maps. They also collected specimens that facilitated specialist identifications of Malta’s fossil faunas, including foraminifera by Thomas Rupert Jones (1819–1911), Professor of Geology at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Rock specimens were sent in 1888 by Surgeon-Captain David (later Surgeon-General Sir David) Bruce (1855–1931) and the former engineer Lieutenant (and later Professor) Osbert Chadwick (1844–1913) to the pioneer oceanographer John (later Sir John) Murray (1841–1914). They stimulated Murray’s benchmark study 1889–1890 of Malta’s sedimentary sequence and fossil foraminifera, and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation, plus his compilation of a 1:129,254-scale geological map. These prompted extensive local studies and collection of macrofossil specimens by schoolmaster (later Lieutenant-Colonel) John Henry Cooke (1862–1933). By the end of the century, representative Maltese fossils had been presented for specialist study and identification or description to major museums in England, Scotland and Italy, facilitating improved correlation of Maltese strata with Oligo-Miocene successions elsewhere.
The severity of seizures and epileptiform activity index in the assessment of antiepileptic treatment efficacy in patients with generalized tonic-clonic awakening seizures
Authors: Karlov V. A. , Kozhokaru A. B. , Vlasov P. N. , Orlova A. S.
Published: October 2021

Objective: to evaluate the role of seizure severity and epileptiform activity index (IEA) assessment in newly-diagnosed idiopathic generalized epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic awakening seizures (GTCS).Material and methods. The study included 31 patients with newly-diagnosed generalized epilepsy with GTCS aged 14–52 years (mean age 25.06±9.3 years), which were divided into two groups depending on seizure severity: Group 1 (n=9, 29%) with <18 points, and Group 2 (n=22, 71%) with ≥18 points. Seizure severity was analysed by using National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale (NHS3). All patients underwent video-electroencephalography monitoring (8–24 hours) with IEA assessment at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the beginning of treatment. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed using the criteria of seizure absence (medically induced remission), seizure rate decrease by >50% (responders), seizure rate decrease by <50% (insufficient efficacy), seizure rate increase and retention in treatment.Results. Total EAI at baseline was significantly higher in patients from Group 2 (p=0.019). Despite markedly reduced EAI level in both groups, in Group 1 (less than 18 points by NHS3) EAI was significantly lower compared to Group 2 (≥18 points) at all subsequent visits: visit 2 (p=0.038), visit 3 (p=0.035), visit 4 (p=0.047), and visit 5 (p=0.022).Conclusions. Assessing seizure severity may become an additional objective criterion while evaluating treatment efficacy.
Effectiveness, safety and assessing the results of drug therapy in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: October 2021

On June 26, 2021, a meeting of the experts of the Russian League Against Epilepsy (RLAE) was held, dedicated to the effectiveness, safety and assessing the results of drug therapy in patients with epilepsy. Having considered the history of the issue and guided by domestic and foreign experience, the participants discussed the problems associated with the use of various antiepileptic drugs for different forms of epilepsy in patients of different sex and age. Special attention was paid to psychiatric comorbidity in patients with epilepsy, increasing their compliance with treatment and quality of life. The article presents the Resolution of RLAE experts meeting adopted as a result of the discussion.