bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and educational network of ground stations for receiving and processing information from educational satellites
Authors: Spiridonov A A , Saechnikov V A , Ushakov D V , Kezik A G , Cherny V E , Verstakovskaya A P , Evchik V E
Published: November 2020

The research and educational network of ground stations for receiving and processing information from low-orbit educational spacecraft is considered in this paper. Ground stations are equipped with an orbit measurement and determination system with time synchronization. This network realizes receiving and processing telemetry of ultra-small satellites, performing measurements and determining their orbital parameters and teaching students of aerospace specialties. Software and hardware of stationary and mobile ground stations are considered. The ground station was tested in the modes of receiving data and measuring the ultra-small satellite orbit with different frequency of telemetry packets. The initial orbit determination by frequency and time measurements of a LUOJIA-1 01 nanosatellite telemetry signal on several orbits with a limited number of data on one pass was studied. The nanosatellite radio signal nominal frequency and initial orbital parameters were unknown. Close orbit determination using a ground station network for satellite constellation launch in the first week of flight was considered. The simulation results showed that if the mean anomalies of neighbouring satellites differ by 0.1°, the spacecraft can be identified in the constellation by the frequency and time measurements of the same radio signal at three synchronized ground stations.
Temperature calculation for linear induction motor in transport application with multiphysics approach
Authors: Sarapulov F N , Goman V , Trekin G E
Published: November 2020

The article describes the implementation of the mathematical model of the interrelated electromechanical and thermal processes in a linear induction motor using simulation software MATLAB-Simulink. The developed model consists of electromechanical model, thermal model and cooling system (hydraulic) model which all affect each other. Temperature calculations of the traction single-sided linear induction motor for urban transportation system are performed for different regimes. The calculation results using the developed thermal model based on the thermal detailed equivalent circuit demonstrate a close concurrence with the finite element model, temperature values differ less than in 3.8-4.8%. Safe operation range for a traction linear induction motor was determined taking into account the uneven longitudinal heating using different variants of cooling systems and coolant flow values. Recommendations on their selection were formulated. Based on the calculations and following experimental testing it was determined that operation with the maximum load with current of 270 A and load force of 8,000 N is possible with the cooling air flow rate of at least 2.2 m3/s.
Research in Autodesk Inventor weldment performance cultivator frame
Authors: Telegin V V , Telegin I V
Published: November 2020

The paper examines issues of calculation in the welded frame structures design of engineering objects using as the example optimizing the cultivator frame. Design environment – Autodesk Inventor Professional. The purpose of the study was to reduce the cost of the base product. The basis for solving this problem is the development solid-state model of the cultivator frame basic construction; strength calculation of the frame with various options for its loading; the choice of the application of forces to the frame, leading to the occurrence of maximum stresses in the frame elements; the use of this option to analyze the strength of the frame after making changes to its design. In this paper, we investigated the possibility of replacing the steel grade of which the frame beams are made with St3ps steel; the possibility of making frame beams from a steel roll-formed channel is investigated. The possibility of reducing more than 30 percent of the frame mass by means of implementing the indicated actions is substantiated.
Synchronous reluctance machines: performance evaluation with and without ferrite magnets
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed N , Tawfiq Kotb B , Rashad E M , Sergeant Peter
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, a great interest in the efficiency and the cost of electrical machines has been noticed. Therefore, Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRMs) have become more attractive alternative for induction and permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines in several industrial applications. This is because they do not use rare-earth magnets, windings and cages in their rotor. Consequently, the cost and efficiency are improved. Nevertheless, a major problem of the SynRMs is the low power factor. To improve the power factor as well as the torque density and efficiency, the cheap ferrite PM can be inserted in the rotor, resulting in the so called ‘PM assisted SynRM’. The rotor design of SynRMs with and without permanent magnets (PMs) has a huge effect on the motor efficiency, torque density and power factor. This paper introduces an evaluation for the performance of SynRMs with and without PMs in terms of efficiency, torque and power factor maps as a consequence of different rotor designs. Three different rotor designs for the same machine stator have been compared. For one machine, the experimental measurements are obtained and the validation of the simulation results are confirmed. A preprint of this work is available under: https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8515429.
Development of the temperature prediction algorithm for smart thermostat
Authors: Korolev S I , Muhutdinov R M , Sidorov O Yu , Goman V
Published: November 2020

This article discloses systems for control of microclimate parameters in buildings and rooms with different intellectualization levels. Requirements to a smart thermostat as to a building automation system part and tasks for smart thermostat development have been formulated. Thermal models of a typical room and heating radiator have been developed. The results of development of the air temperature prediction algorithm and heating radiator capable of real time operation and ensuring adaptation to varying conditions in a room have been described. Testing of the algorithm using real data has been carried out. Study of the temperature control model’s behavior in connection with the change of input data and determined parameters has been carried out. Calculation method for the room air heating time up to set temperature has been determined. Maximum absolute temperature determination error when prediction time does not exceed 7 minutes is approximately 1°C and relative temperature determination error is less than 5%.
Comparison of minimum energy consumption indicators for electric motors powered directly from the mains at part loads
Authors: Goman V
Published: November 2020

The article presents a comparison of minimum energy consumption indicators for motors powered directly from the mains at part load conditions. The energy characteristics of induction motors and line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors of different energy efficiency classes are compared. As an example, the calculations of proposed energy consumption indicators are provided for the throttle-controlled 2.2 kW pump unit with variable flow-time profile. It is shown that if a motor is used mostly at part load conditions and was chosen by its energy efficiency class only, minimum energy consumption might not be achieved. Universal average efficiency indicator is suggested for motors running at variable loads with output power much lower than the rated power. The comparison shows that the proposed average efficiency does not depend on a specific application or load profile and describes the motor energy consumption enough for practical goals. Thus, this indicator can be used for fast evaluation and selection of a motor by the lowest energy consumption criterion, especially without detailed information about load profile. Calculation of this indicator requires only motor efficiency data per 4 points 25, 50, 75, 100% of rated load.
Sensitivity of robust systems controlling first order objects
Authors: Volkov M A , Isakov D V
Published: November 2020

The study investigates controlled objects with a first order transfer function, which are known to be the most common for further obtainment of controllers in closed loop automatic systems. The transfer functions of compensating and non-compensating robust regulators with the first and second order of astatism were obtained in the work by means of the method of polynomial equations. Then the analysis of closed loop systems with controllers was carried out by the analytical method of coefficient estimates by a characteristic polynomial of the closed loop control system. The principle of the method lies in the obtainment of pattern indexes and further analysis of change of these coefficients under variations of parameters of the controlled object. The study results are presented graphically by means of the areas allowing to determine a way of alteration of transient processes in the closed loop control system under a variation of process parameters. The comparison of robust controllers with traditional ones was performed. The study results were proved through the modeling of the closed loop control systems under the influence of parametric disturbances of the controlled object, which results in alteration of a tangible controlled object gain coefficient.
Research of a bi-directional DC-DC converter integrated in electric car power installation
Authors: Gulyamov K H , Sharifov B N , Ghulomzoda A H , Safaraliev M Kh , Yunusov R M
Published: November 2020

This article presents the results of the simulation study of the bi-directional DC converter, including the time diagrams of the electric vehicle speed, voltage and current changes in various experiments, Also presented are the results of efficiency change and charge level, when using a bi-directional converter as well as without using it. The HFEDC (Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule) model was chosen for the simulation of the electric vehicle drive model using units simulating standardized driving cycles and as an algorithm for changing the vehicle’s control signal. Studies of the operating modes of the electrical equipment and the electric vehicle with the DC voltage conversion device in the power circuit of the DC source have been carried out by computer simulation in specialized programs for the study of dynamic systems. The simulation model of the reversible DC converter in the electrical power equipment of an electric vehicle was constructed on the basis of mathematical models of the individual elements reflecting their real physical properties. The present solution is the use of two-way DC voltage converters in the power conversion systems of modern electric drives, including the electric propulsion systems of prospective vehicles improves the efficiency of these systems.
Estimation of the operational characteristics and determination parameters of the vertical radial-axial hydraulic turbine type 400
Authors: Gulakhmadov A A , Qurbonalizoda S Sh , Kobuliev Z V , Ghoziev B N
Published: November 2020

The operational characteristic of the hydraulic turbine is an important document with the help of which would be carried out the control over the correct operation of a hydraulic turbine at a hydroelectric power station. This article presents the calculation of operational characteristic and determination of parameters of the vertical radial-axial hydraulic turbine (Francis turbine) for high heads type 400–500. In this study, the multiple mathematics used in computer which was written in Fortran language. We designed the operational characteristic and calculated the flow part of the runner. In addition, we determined the synchronous frequency of rotation of the hydraulic turbine with a one-dimensional method. The purpose of this work is to analyze the spatial structure of the flow in high-pressure hydraulic Francis turbines of the 400-500 types. Results of this computational and designing analysis can be useful for researchers to apply the present approach to calculate the operational characteristics and the parameters of the high-pressure hydraulic turbines.
Mathematical modelling of mutual electromagnetic influences of related power transmission lines in a transition process mode
Authors: Asanova S M , Suerkulov S M , Safaraliev M Kh , Asanova D U , Milutin R S
Published: November 2020

A mathematical model is obtained using the variable state method, allowing the simulation of electromagnetic processes in transmission lines and communication lines (both homogeneous and heterogeneous) taking into account the reciprocal inductive and capacitive bonds in transition and established modes. The resulting mathematical model can solve a number of important scientific and practical problems related to the design and operation of electric power systems (EEC). The model also allows for a variety of situations and tasks related, for example, to the calculation of circuit breakage, short circuit (SC) or single-phase SC in isolated neural networks. In particular, it is possible to calculate the steered voltage of the line from high-voltage or high-precision power lines. Based on this methodology, it is also proposed to develop an algorithm for the machine formation of mathematical models for the study of transition processes in complex electrical networks, where the initial data will be their parameters and the structure of graphs of the studied networks.
Method for designing drop-of-wire recognition systems on sections of undistorted two-wire power transmission lines
Authors: Asanova S M , Ahyoev J S , Askarbek N , Suerkulov S M , Asanova D U , Safaraliev M Kh
Published: November 2020

In this work a general statement of the problem of designing distributive electrical systems that recognize breakage of wires on sections of power lines using a multifunctional wire with an isolated residential wire is formulated. The use of overhead wires with the proposed construction of the housing will make it possible to solve many electrical problems very easily and cheaply without the use of expensive equipment. The correspondence table of the information current values of the power supply unit I
0 and of the wire breakdowns on the sections in the two-wire transmission line is obtained by simulation. The proposed method of diagnostics and monitoring of the state of power lines is not expensive and allows the maintenance staff, being at the substation, to detect rapidly and remotely the breakage of wires on the parts of the network and the distance to it, In order to ensure that the repair crew is sent to the exact location of the damage, this will improve the reliability of the electrical supply to consumers. This is achieved by the fact that the information wire has an independent power supply and thus allows for control of the network at any time.
Automation of movement control for modern main tank T-90
Authors: Badrtdinov M A , Yudincev D V
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the option of creating an automated system for controlling the movement of a modern main T-90 tank. In order to emphasize the importance of such modernization, we turn to the history of creating domestic robotic complexes. Among them are known ‘Alisa’ on the base of T-72 tank, intended for experimental development of technologies of remote and autonomous control of objects of armored vehicles, or robot-sapper ‘Prohod-1’ on the base of armored demining machine BMR-3M ‘Vepr’. The analysis revealed the absence of a robotic complex based on the main modern tank. With the purpose of finding the ways of creating a modern unmanned model, a patent search was conducted and foreign military equipment samples were examined. The result is a proposal of modernization of the main tank T-90, which involves equipping the serial chassis with a special apparatus that ensures remote control of the model and autonomous solution of individual problems with the model. The proposed crew-free control system comprises an on-board computer, a plate with proportional electromagnetic valves, motor reduction gears, various sensors, and also the replacement of standard driver-driven controls with electronic ones.
Using of polymeric materials to defeat of lightly armored and easily vulnerable targets. Theory and experiments
Authors: Khmelnikov E A , Smagin K V , Zavodova T E
Published: November 2020

Small caliber artillery plays an important role in the destruction of lightly armored and easily vulnerable equipment. Currently, a search is underway to increase its damaging effect. The article deals with the possibility of increasing the damaging effects of small-caliber artillery ammunition in the fuel tanks of aircraft and helicopters. The physicochemical properties of fluoropolymer materials are considered. The process of thermodynamic decomposition of a fluoropolymer is considered. The results of experiments on the interaction of fluoroplastic and aluminum / titanium alloys are analyzed. Pictures of changes in the titanium wet structure under the impact of ammunition including fluoroplastic are shown. The Ballistic Stand installation was designed to evaluate the incendiary effect of fluoropolymer materials. Several possible designs of projectiles containing fluoroplastic are selected to evaluate their structural characteristics for incendiary effect. A comparison of the results of the calculation of the probability of the incendiary effect of strikers based on fluoropolymers on diesel fuel was made.
Developing manufacturing execution system with predictive analysis
Authors: Potekhin V V , Bahrami AH , Katalinič B
Published: November 2020

Digitalisation is currently developing in many sectors of the economy. The success of a manufacturing enterprise requires a transition to digital control of production and business processes, to the greatest extent possible without human intervention using artificial intelligence technologies. This research applies a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) with Predictive Analysis to an automatic production line (Chemical Line) which contains sensors, actuators and pumps controlled by four Programmable Logic Controllers, linked together, and being monitored through a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system. The production line composed of four different subsystems, responsible for filtration to bottling the chemical product. This paper tries to join the MES system with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in order to not only monitor the system but having predictive analysis to plan the future. In such way we will take advantage of the benefits of the ANN, such as Long-Short Term Memory architectures. The experimental data will be compared with other usual platforms, such as the Master SCADA itself, through the course of this research.
Epistemic responsibility of industrial enterprise engineer
Authors: Ignatova N U
Published: November 2020

The concept of epistemic responsibility of an industrial enterprise engineer is introduced. The concept of an engineer’s epistemic responsibility is inspired by a situation of epistemic distrust in which the engineer finds himself as an expert. The definition of ‘epistemic’ in relation to the word ‘responsibility’ allows asking a question, what are the characteristics of the knowledge with which the engineer substantiates decision-making. For the first time in the domestic philosophy of engineering, epistemic duties of an engineer of an industrial enterprise are formulated: the duty of due diligence and epistemic zeal. The general epistemological attitude of an engineer in an extreme situation is skepticism. The author claims that the role of anomalous evidence in establishing the truth is an epistemologically difficult problem in investigating an extreme situation. In an extreme situation, the engineer’s epistemic responsibility is embodied in the following: to prevent self-deception and potentially unintentional deception of others in relation to the engineering solution; do not mislead workers who do not have the proper epistemic experience and do not allow them to be mistaken; take into account abnormal or seemingly questionable information and consider it properly.
The additive technology to obtain a three-dimensional model of the 81Cu-19Ni alloy
Authors: Baraz V R , Gerasimov S S , Gruzdeva I A , Shveikin V P , Chemesova A V , Ovchinnikova A O , Veretennikova I A
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to the selective laser smelting (SLS) method description for the article made of powder of a Cu81-Ni19 copper-nickel alloy and the study of the structure and characteristics of the three-dimensional article made using additive technology. To make a 3D model the copper-nickel alloy powder was produced in our laboratory. The chemical composition, microstructure, density, surface roughness and microhardness of an article made of powders of a Cu81-Ni19 copper-nickel alloy are considered. A comparative analysis of the structure, physical and mechanical properties of a sample obtained by the SLS method and the annealed rolled plate was carried out. The article microstructure is characterized by the absence of a typical signs of a crystalline structure and contains elements of a quasi-amorphous state. At the same time, the obtained material differs from the standard monolith billet with a lower surface roughness and a higher hardness values while maintaining almost the same density indices.
Tribological tests of the improved piston mechanism of the axial piston hydraulic machine
Authors: Stazhkov S , Kuzmin A , Elchinskiy V , Yakovenko N
Published: November 2020

Axial-piston hydraulic swash plate machines are widely applied in positive displacement hydraulic drives of various purposes. Such drives are highly energy-intensive and have a relatively small control range due to the presence of a large dead-band, which limits their use in reverse action systems. To reduce the dead-band, an improved axial-piston hydraulic swash plate machine was designed. The decrease of the dead-band is achieved by reducing the friction forces in the piston mechanism. This article presents the results of comparative tribological tests of a standard and improved piston mechanisms. The experimental research was conducted in terms of reducing the friction forces in the piston mechanism and their effect on the moment of starting of the hydraulic machine. It was revealed that the use of the improved piston mechanism allows to increase the useful force of the piston up to 20 % in the motor mode and to reduce the dead band by 1.6 times when switching to the pump mode.
Review of the features of augmented reality application in the training of operators and maintenance staff
Authors: Byvaltsev S V
Published: November 2020

An overview of the use of augmented reality technology used to improve the training efficiency of operators and service personnel in the industry is presented. When considering the issues of building augmented reality systems, it was noted that in addition to technological issues, it is also essential to pay increased attention to the social aspect, especially if it is intended to apply augmented reality technology in multiplayer mode. A common environment in the interaction of several participants can disrupt the sense of identity of users, as well as potentially threaten the feeling of personal space and the sensation of physical objects. It is necessary to take into account the cognitive load theory and the schematic theoretical model of concreteness fading. The advantage of using augmented reality is to reduce human errors and improve the quality of training. For the use of augmented reality in the absence of a reliable network connection and the availability of only short communication sessions, the use of special tickets is proposed.
Multi-criteria optimization of metal pressure processes using experiment planning methods
Authors: Byvaltsev S V
Published: November 2020

The main task of designing a technology of metal processing by pressure is accurate prediction and ensuring the desired properties of the finished product. However, they often encounter a situation when it is impossible to simultaneously ensure the optimal value of all process parameters and the resulting properties of the finished product. In this case, it is necessary to make an informed decision regarding the assignment of certain numerical values of these parameters. This article proposes to use the mathematical apparatus of experimental planning methods to implement multi-criteria optimization of metal pressure processes. Applying of correlation analysis, function of desirability and a priori ranking by the example of optimization of parameters of the process of hydromechanical extrusion of hard-to-deform alloys is shown. Results of multi-criteria optimization of the process of hydromechanical extrusion of bar blanks from aluminum alloy AMg5 (analog of Al-5056) with the purpose of minimizing the extrusion force, deformation non-uniformity and damage index of the resulting product are presented.
Increase in linear motion steadiness of tractor-trailers using stabilizing towing couplers
Authors: Stroganov Y N , Pampura E M
Published: November 2020

Travelling at higher speeds over any type of roads could disturb the stability of motion, which is manifested through lateral oscillations of the trailer in a horizontal plane – trailer wobbling. This research is aimed at building a mathematical model of tractor-trailer motion affected by the external action of lateral forces and estimating how efficient stabilizing couplers could be. A «double pendulum» design diagram is used to build the model. It is shown that the stability of motion is impacted at most by the ratio of the inertia radius (relative to the vertical axis passing through the center of gravity) to the base of the trailer, which depends on the type of cargo, its distribution within the trailer body, the heterogeneity of the cargo material and so on. It is demonstrated that the critical velocity of a trailer would increase when stabilizers are used. Changing the design of the trailer should also positively affect the stability of a tractor-trailer due to faster and more efficient damping of lateral oscillations impacting its movement.
Study of the influence of the design of the turning tool on the removal of thermal energy from the cutting zone
Authors: Liberman Y L , Lukinskikh S V , Smirnov A V
Published: November 2020

In this work, we performed a study and developed the design of through-cutters that provide accelerated heat removal from the cutting zone with external turning. Using SolidWorks Simulation engineering analysis and SolidWorks Flow Simulation gas-hydrodynamic analysis modules as a research tool, we created a basic 3D model of a precast cutter and carried out a thermal analysis of the transition process to determine the distribution of temperature fields in the body of the cutter throughout time during the cutting process. After that, we made changes to the design of the cutter, specifically, created a cavity in the holder body in which the copper core was placed. We then re-performed the studies described above, which showed that when using a copper core, the temperature in the cutting zone decreases by 246 °C within 15 minutes from the start of the work. To obtain a greater effect, we added a hole in the copper core and used air cooling, which allowed reducing the temperature in the cutting zone by 313 °C.
Using of polymeric materials to defeat of lightly armored and easily vulnerable targets. Mathematical modeling
Authors: Khmelnikov E A , Smagin K V , Zavodova T E
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the possibility of increasing the damaging effects of small-caliber artillery ammunition in the fuel tanks of aircraft and helicopters. A comparison of the results of the calculation of the probability of the incendiary effect of strikers based on fluoropolymers on diesel fuel was made. The calculations of the probabilities of fuel ignition by the method of ‘Fragmented criterion’. As a result of the calculations, it was revealed that this method is not suitable for this type of problem statement. A combined methodology has been developed for calculating the probability of fuel ignition, taking into account the ongoing chemical reaction between fluoropolymers and aluminum. All components of the passing heat release process are taken into account - the impactor deformation energy, the impactor braking energy in the fuel, the chemical energy of the reaction undergoing. The energy of the ongoing chemical reaction was taken into account using thermochemistry methods.
Deep drawing failure modes
Authors: Nezamaev AV , Karzhavin V V
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we have presented various technological process conditions leading to the damage of workpieces or the manufacture of low-quality pieces during deep drawing of metal sheets. All the conditions, resulting in failure modes, have been included in the general classification. According to this classification, there are three main directions of potential failures: complete or partial fracture, buckling or wrinkling, and surface damage. The rigorous relations between production parameters and possible negative consequences have been also given. For the first time, the different aspects of such an issue have been considered together. Thus, we have takenthe first steps towards creating a reliable system for assessing the risk of complex failures in obtaining deep-drawn products (caused by the impact of several reasons at the same time).Having developed this system, we wouldfacilitate the advancement of deep drawing technology and it might well open up new horizons for the deep-drawn products of unrivalled quality without rejections, equipment breakdown, emergency downtime, etc.
Foundry production digitalization
Authors: Gruzman V M
Published: November 2020

Domestic companies upgrade their production facilities as it is an imperative of the economy changing over to a new technological mode right now. Industrial companies use more automation and robotization of production, and the level of digital intellectualization is growing. Introduced into technological processes, digital technologies save time and costs of production and reduce the human factor effect. Foundry industry is no exception. The authors suggest considering a foundry process as a set of stages: designing and manufacturing casting models, preparation of charge materials, preparation of initial molding materials, smelting, mixing, casting metal in ladles, mold manufacturing, pouring smelt in mold, knocking castings out of mold, stumping and cleaning of castings, heat treatment of castings, quality inspection of castings. The article organizes information about the digital technologies used at each of the selected stages of the foundry castings by pouring the melt into sand molds. The application of computer technology, digital devices, and software is considered in detail at the stages of the casting model design, charging and molding materials preparation, sand mold manufacturing and casting quality inspection. Digital technologies optimize production, save time and costs.
Possibilities of information technologies application to production problems solving by math modeling methods
Authors: Gruzman V M
Published: November 2020

Nowadays there exist a great number of program packages, allowing solution of common tasks of automation of the math modeling. Industries with their specific features may demand particular approaches to solving their problems. Modern information technologies allow development of a special application software for processing a specific task in such cases. The article suggests a description of a general architecture concept of the application software, which can automate tasks of the math modeling to solve different issues related to the industrial production. It describes a detailed algorithm of data processing in such a product using the capabilities of the information technologies. The capabilities of such an application software are shown in the example of preliminary draft model design of large pouring ladle stopper durability. The results that have been achieved with the help of the extemporized model allow making a conclusion that a model that has been built by the same techniques based on an annual scope of collected information will make it possible to get reliable answers for the tasks of production management.
Investigation of skew piercing and upsetting effect on wheel steel mechanical properties
Authors: Fomin A V , Romanenko V P , Nikulin A N , Sevastjyanov A A
Published: November 2020

The article states the results of the investigation of the skew piercing effect on the wheel steel mechanical properties. The comparative analysis is based on the comparison of mechanical properties of wheel steel samples manufactured by upsetting and heat treatment of the initial cast billets (option 1) and samples preliminarily pierced using the skew rolling mill with the extrusion ratio of µ ≈ 1.49 and feed angle of 12°, upset and heat treated (option 2). The values of elongation/contraction ratios of the samples made from solid workpieces are in the range 13.8–15/28–32%, and of hollow workpieces 14.2–15.8/26–32.9%. Strength properties of the wheel steel (for 1 and 2 variants) meet the requirements. The greatest differences in the properties of wheel steel of both variants were obtained during toughness tests. Toughness value of the wheel steel samples obtained by piercing, upsetting and subsequent heat treatment is ∼2.5 times higher in both tangential and radial directions than the toughness of samples obtained only by upsetting and heat treatment. It is shown that piercing of workpieces in a screw rolling mill increases the toughness without reducing the strength properties, which may be due to intense shear deformations causing the processing of the cast macrostructure and the formation of a spiral-shaped grain structure.
Corporate culture as one of the key factors of effective industrial enterprise development
Authors: Putilova E A , Shutaleva A V
Published: November 2020

The article is focused on the investigation of the impact the corporate culture makes on industrial enterprise development. It demonstrates that the formation of the corporate culture principles contributes to raising the level of staff involvement, its labor activity performance, maintaining and reproduction of human capital assets of an enterprise. Investments in the development of corporate culture are considered as an alternative to traditional methods of increasing the efficiency of an enterprise in an uncertain economic environment. Corporate culture development, which involves a commitment to raising the level of knowledge, innovativeness and organization, has a positive effect on the performance and efficiency of the entire company, and aids in the regulation of internal labor relations, preventing potential critical situations. The introduction and development of corporate culture, which includes a certain system of values and behaviors, in modern domestic industrial enterprises is becoming a necessity. The application of the principles and values of corporate culture leads to the long-term success of an industrial enterprise.
Automated tool support system of a large machine-building enterprise
Authors: Bogoyavlensky A , Sirotyuk A
Published: November 2020

The importance of proper organization of the enterprise’s tool supply increases with the increase in its size and significantly affects the efficiency of the main production. The success of the entire enterprise, the quality of products, the rhythm of work and profitability largely depend on the correct organization of the tool supply. The main tasks of the tool supply: timely and uninterrupted provision of workshops and workplaces of the main production with high-quality technological equipment and tools (cutting, measuring, auxiliary tools); improving the quality of equipment and organizing its rational operation; reducing the cost of manufacturing, purchasing, storing and operating equipment; organization of sharpening and restoration of the tool. An automated system is required to solve all tasks related to control and management of the company’s tool supply. This article discusses the construction of a unified tool support system for a large enterprise and the results achieved by the authors on its development.
Influence of thermal oxidation on the properties of titanium alloys
Authors: Golubev V I , Medison V V , Pastukhov D S , Pegashkin V F
Published: November 2020

In this study, the effect of thermal oxidation on the properties of the surface of titanium alloys was examined. Thermal oxidation was carried out at 750 °C within 6 hours, 800 °C within 5 hours, and 850 °C within 4 hours. Electrical resistance of the surface after thermal oxidation was measured. Metallographic analysis, microprobe analysis and X-ray phase analysis were carried out to determine the structure, chemical and phase compound of the oxide layer on the surface of titanium alloys after thermal oxidation. The results indicate that thermal oxidation leads to increase of electrical resistance of the surface of titanium alloys. Microstructural analysis showed that thickness of the oxide layer after thermal oxidation is in the range of 25 to 100 μm. Microprobe and X-ray phase analysis showed that TiO2 and Al2O3 oxides have the best impact on electrical resistance. Two variants of possible application of the results have been presented.
Optimization of roll calibration for flange shape rolling. Groove space
Authors: Shvarts D L , Mikhaylenko A M , Ustinova E I
Published: November 2020

The most important component of any rolling mill is the calibration of the rolls. The ability to obtain a finished product of high quality at minimal cost depends on the right calibration. According to the previous experience and practice a large number of different calibrations for the flange profiles production are known. The universal ‘concept of two-stage optimization’, consisting of two successively carried out optimization stages developed in the Department of Metal Forming of the Ural Federal University in relation to optimization of the roll calibration for flange shape rolling is considered in this article. Common features of these shapes classification and their variation levels are identified and justified. This developed classification structure is the basis for the formation of spaces of groove schemes, due to which the groove space is formed. In the software implementation the groove space is represented as a ‘groove database’. In the future this database will be used to form the space of calibration schemes that are fundamentally suitable for these shapes rolling.
Application of laser interferometry to analyze cutting tool state during machining
Authors: Efimovich I A , Zolotukhin I S
Published: November 2020

The efficiency of a cutting tool can be enhanced through stress–strain and temperature studies. Existing mathematical methods implement simplified boundary conditions, and experimental methods that are either inapplicable to real working conditions or lack the necessary accuracy. This study aims to develop novel experimental methods for stress–strain and temperature field analyses. The approaches entail recording the side deformation fields of the cutting tool by laser interferometry during its operation, separating the deformation fields caused by the cutting forces and heating, as well as calculating the stress–strain and temperature fields using the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the tool material. The advantages of these methods include their applicability under real cutting conditions and the possibility to study the stress–strain and temperature fields of a tool during non-stationary operation by high-speed video recording. The study proves the efficiency of the proposed methods by the orthogonal machining of difficult-to-cut steel disc using a cemented carbide tool with positive rake angle. As a result, the temperature and principal stress fields in the tool were determined. Developed methods can help in the study of cutting tool efficiency.
Optimization of alternate profile component part machining
Authors: Borshova L V , Pegashkin V F
Published: November 2020

Process optimization for machining of component parts with the profile alternate by the length has been reviewed here. The review deals with the optimization criteria applied and shows that the optimization of machining modes normally uses a criterion of cost-effectiveness, which is most often used in up-to-date technologies. With reference to specific organizational and economic conditions at companies of the industry, it is shown that power saving may become a priority when standardizing modes of machining. The power consumption pattern for the cutting process is reviewed. A variable energy value is proposed as an optimality criterion, which depends on parameters optimized i.e. – technological energy. Mathematical models are defined for the optimality criterion and limiting parameters that allow reducing energy consumption of the machining process. Calculations carried out according to the proposed methodology have shown that when the machine electric motor power is above 13.5 kW, work in the energy-saving mode becomes economically viable. Energy savings reach 10 %, while the main time increases by an average of 10%, but the reduction in costs associated with a decrease in energy consumption is 4 times higher than the increase in costs due to an increase in the main time.
Associations of Body Composition and Physical Activity Level With Multiple Measures of Epigenetic Age Acceleration
Authors: Kresovich Jacob K , Garval Emma L , Martinez Lopez Alexandra M , Xu Zongli , Niehoff Nicole M , White Alexandra J , Sandler Dale P , Taylor Jack A
Published: November 2020

Epigenetic clocks use DNA methylation to estimate biological age. Whether body composition and physical activity are associated with these clocks is not well understood. Using blood samples collected at enrollment (2003–2009) from 2,758 women in the US nationwide Sister Study, we calculated 6 epigenetic age acceleration metrics using 4 epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, PhenoAge, GrimAge). Recreational physical activity was self-reported, and adiposity measures were assessed by trained medical examiners (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WtH), waist circumference). In cross-sectional analyses, all adiposity measures were associated with epigenetic age acceleration. The strongest association was for BMI and PhenoAge, a measure of biological age that correlates with chronic disease (BMI of ≥35.0 vs. 18.5–24.9, β = 3.15 years, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.41, 3.90; P for trend < 0.001). In a mutual-adjustment model, both were associated with PhenoAge age acceleration (BMI of ≥35.0 vs. 18.5–24.9, β = 2.69 years, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.48; P for trend < 0.001; quartile 4 vs.1 WtH, β = 1.00 years, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.65; P for trend < 0.008). After adjustment, physical activity was associated only with GrimAge (quartile 4 vs. 1, β = −0.42 years, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.14; P for trend = 0.001). Physical activity attenuated the waist circumference associations with PhenoAge and GrimAge. Excess adiposity was associated with epigenetic age acceleration; physical activity might attenuate associations with waist circumference.
Learning block structures in U-statistic-based matrices
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Jin Baisuo , Bai Zhidong
Published: November 2020

We introduce a conceptually simple, efficient and easily implemented approach for learning the block structure in a large matrix. Using the properties of U-statistics and large-dimensional random matrix theory, the group structure of many variables can be directly identified based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the scaled sample matrix. We also establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed approach under mild conditions. The finite-sample performance of the approach is examined by extensive simulations and data examples.
Envy and Jealousy of Living apart Together Relationships in Continuing Care Retirement Communities: Perspectives of Staff and Residents
Authors: Koren Chaya , Ayalon Liat
Published: November 2020

Moving to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and living apart together (LAT) as a repartnering form represent new late-life beginnings. A large study on LAT relationships constructed in CCRCs identified envy and jealousy, yet they were not examined in-depth. Envy is wanting something we lack, whereas jealousy is fear of losing something that is ours to another. These emotions are rarely explored in the context of older adults’ relationships. Using Goffman’s framework of (semi)-totalitarian institutions, our aim is to heuristically examine experiences of envy and jealousy from the perspective of residents and staff. In total, thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted in three CCRCs in Israel with ten LAT residents, ten non-LAT residents and ten CCRC staff members, including social workers. Findings refer to kinds of envy, ignoring envy and the development and consequences of LAT-related jealousy and/or envy in CCRCs. The discussion and conclusions address how semi-totalitarian CCRC features influence envy and jealousy experiences. They include implications for social work practice with older adults and their family members regarding adjustment to life in the CCRC and may assist CCRC management and social workers in addressing possible consequences of envy and jealousy.
Cell type-specific transcriptomics identifies neddylation as a novel therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kim Kicheol , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Baumann Ryan , Dyckow Julia , Landefeld James , Kogl Elva , Madireddy Lohith , Loudermilk Rita , Eggers Erica L , Singh Sneha , Caillier Stacy J , Hauser Stephen L , Cree Bruce A C ,   UCSF MS-EPIC Team, Schirmer Lucas , Wilson Michael R , Baranzini Sergio E
Published: November 2020

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the CNS in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. Genome-wide association studies revealed more than 200 risk loci, most of which harbour genes primarily expressed in immune cells. However, whether genetic differences are translated into cell-specific gene expression profiles and to what extent these are altered in patients with multiple sclerosis are still open questions in the field. To assess cell type-specific gene expression in a large cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis, we sequenced the whole transcriptome of fluorescence-activated cell sorted T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and CD14+ monocytes from treatment-naive patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 106) and healthy subjects (n = 22). We identified 479 differentially expressed genes in CD4+ T cells, 435 in monocytes, and 54 in CD8+ T cells. Importantly, in CD4+ T cells, we discovered upregulated transcripts from the NAE1 gene, a critical subunit of the NEDD8 activating enzyme, which activates the neddylation pathway, a post-translational modification analogous to ubiquitination. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibition of NEDD8 activating enzyme using the specific inhibitor pevonedistat (MLN4924) significantly ameliorated disease severity in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our findings provide novel insights into multiple sclerosis-associated gene regulation unravelling neddylation as a crucial pathway in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis with implications for the development of tailored disease-modifying agents.