bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento de residuos de laboratorio vía fotocatálisis heterogénea con TiO2
Authors: Granda-Ramírez Carlos F. , Hincapié-Mejía Gina M. , Lopera-Uribe Stephanía
Published: May 2018

La contaminación ambiental causada por la generación de desechos peligrosos es un problema creciente y globalizado. Los residuos peligrosos, una vez emitidos, pueden permanecer en el ambiente durante cientos de años. En diversos laboratorios universitarios se trabaja con distintas sustancias químicas y se efectúan una serie de operaciones que conllevan a la generación de residuos que, en la mayoría de los casos, son peligrosos para la salud y el ambiente; dentro de estos residuos están los generados en los procedimientos de la coloración de Gram.En este trabajo, se presenta una alternativa para el tratamiento de los residuos de la tinción de Gram vía Fotocatálisis Heterogénea (FH). Se utilizó TiO2 P-25 de la casa comer-cial Evonik® y como fuente de radiación una lámpara germicida; además, se usaron como técnicas de análisis la espectroscopia UV – Vis acompañada de mediciones de DQO.Dada la naturaleza de estos residuos, se determinó tratarlos en concentraciones menores a las reales (diluidas al 10 %), con dosificaciones de TiO2 según la literatura en procesos con colorantes; alcanzando en 2 horas una degradación alrededor del 70 % y una reducción de la DQO del 40 %, mostrando la viabilidad de la posible implementación de este proceso en su eliminación.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING EKSPOR KOPI INDONESIA DAN VIETNAM DI PASAR ASEAN
Authors: Sinta Nurul Maya , Alamsyah Zukifli , Elwamendri Elwamendri
Published: May 2018

Penelitian yang berjudul :  “Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Kopi Indonesia dan Vietnam di Pasar ASEAN” ini, bertujuan (1) Mengetahui perkembangan ekspor kopi Indonesia dan Vietnam di pasar ASEAN periode 1998 – 2013, (2) Menganalisis daya saing ekspor kopi Indonesia dan Vietnam di pasar ASEAN periode 1998 – 2013 dan (3) Menganalisis perbedaan daya saing ekspor kopi Indonesia dan Vietnam di pasar ASEAN periode 1998 – 2013. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa data time series perdagangan Indonesia, Vietnam dan pasar ASEAN pada periode 1998 - 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Revealed Compare Analysis (RCA), Export Competitivness Indeks (ECI), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), Constant Market Share (CMS) dan Uji t beda rata - rata. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Indonesia memiliki perkembangan ekspor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan Vietnam. Kedua negara ini sama – sama memiliki daya saing ekspor kopi di pasar ASEAN (RCA>1, ECI>1, ISP bernilai positif dan CMS pada efek komposisi komoditi positif , lalu efek daya saing hanya Vietnam yang memilikinya). Selain itu untuk hasil analisis uji beda diperoleh daya saing komparatif dan posisi daya saing yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan yaitu sig RCA 0,025 dan ISP 0,00 dimana nilainya lebih kecil dari α sebesar 0,05. Dari indikator yang digunakan menunjukkan bahwa nilai Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan Vietnam.

Kata Kunci : Daya Saing, RCA, ECI, ISP dan CMS
HUBUNGAN KEBUTUHAN PETANI DALAM PELAKSANAAN USAHATANI DENGAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN GILIR GANTI PADI SAWAH
Authors: Arifin Zulfartial , Rosyani Rosyani , Suandi Suandi
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) untuk mendeskripsikan usahatani padi sawah dengan sistem pengelolaan gilir ganti, 2) untuk mendeskripsikan kebutuhan petani dalam pelaksanaan usahatani padi sawah, dan 3) untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebutuhan petani dengan usahatani padi sawah dengan sistem pengelolaan gilir ganti.  Adapun kebutuhan petani meliputi kebutuhan fisik, kebutuhan rasa aman, kebutuhan sosial, kebutuhan pengakuan, dan kebutuhan aktualisasi diri. Besarnya sampel yang diambil adalah jumlah petani yang mengusahakan padi sawah dengan sistem pengelolaan gilir ganti yang tergabung dalam gabungan kelompok tani Tengah Padang dengan total keseluruhan sampel adalah 70 orang. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Untuk mencapai tujuan 1 dan 2 dilakukan analisis kualitatif, sedangkan untuk memenuhi tujuan ke 3 dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square (Siegel, 1997) yang kontingensi 2x3. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sistem gilir ganti masih dipertahankan di daerah penelitian meskipun manfaat dari sistem ini berdampak sangat kecil terhadap pengguna sistem. kebutuhan petani di daerah penelitian pada umumnya tergolong tinggi, terdapat 5 indikator kebutuhan petani dalam pelaksanaan usahatani padi sawah dengan sistem pengelolaan gilir ganti padi sawah: 1) kebutuhan fisik, 2) kebutuhan rasa aman, 3) kebutuhan sosial, 4) kebutuhan pengakuan, 5) kebutuhan aktualisasi diri. Selanjutnya, kebutuhan petani dalam pelaksanaan usahatani berhubungan secara nyata dengan pelaksanaan sistem pengelolaan gilir ganti padi sawah

Kata Kunci : Kebutuhan, Pengelolaan, sistem gilir ganti, Padi sawah
KAITAN BANTUAN LANGSUNG MASYARAKAT (BLM) PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN (PUAP) DENGAN TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN KEGIATAN USAHATANI DI GAPOKTAN KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Trioni Nuri , Hamid Ernawati , Fitri Yanuar
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum dan kegiatan gabungan kelompok tani pada pengelolaan dana pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan, serta tingkat keberhasilan kegiatan usahatani anggota gabungan kelompok tani pada pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan. Metode penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode cluster sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang di ukur untuk menganalisis pendapatan masing-masing komoditi pada kegiatan pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan. Hasil pembahasan diketahui bahwa modal usaha yang disalurkan melalui gabungan kelompok tani yaitu sebesar Rp. 100 juta rupiah untuk dimanfaatkan anggota gabungan kelompok tani pada sarana produksi pertanian, kegiatan gabungan kelompok tani pada pengelolaan dana pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan yaitu melalui penyusunan rencana usaha anggota, rencana usaha kelompok, rencana usaha bersama yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh bantuan langsung masyarakat dengan memenuhi syarat dokumen administrasi yang akan di periksa oleh tim teknis pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan, dan tingkat keberhasilan kegiatan usahatani anggota gabungan kelompok tani pada pengembangan usaha agribisnis perdesaan dinilai dari tercapainya keperluan sarana produksi pertanian yang dilihat dari keadaan kelompok tani, luas lahan petani, biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan, produksi usahatani, penerimaan usahatani, serta meningkatnya pendapatan petani. Rata-rata pendapatan anggota gabungan kelompok tani di Kelurahan Lingkar Selatan yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.939.322,53 setiap musimnya dan di Kelurahan Mudung Laut rata-rata pendapatan anggota gapoktan yaitu sebesar Rp. 3.948.505,22 tiap musimnya.

Kata Kunci : Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP), Anggota Gapoktan, Kegiatan usahatani, Pendapatan
Hubungan Kepercayaan Petani Terhadap Penjualan Bahan Olah Karet Kepada Pedagang Pengumpul di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Amar Abu , Murdy Saad , Sardi Idris
Published: May 2018

Kepercayaan merupakan hubungan antara dua belah pihak atau lebih yang mengandung harapan yang saling menguntungkan satu pihak atau kedua belah pihak melalui interaksi sosial. Kepercayaan pada dasarnya terikat, bukan kepada resiko namun kepada berbagai kemungkinan. Kepercayaan pada penelitian ini terjalin antara petani kepada pedagang pengumpul. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi petani menjual bahan olah karet kepada pedagang pengumpul yaitu pengetahuan petani tentang harga, hutang petani, modal pedagang pengumpul dan hubungan kekeluargaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepercayaan petani terhadap penjualan bahan olah karet kepada pedagang pengumpul di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive dengan mempertimbangkan bahwa Kabupaten Muaro Jambi merupakan salah satu sentral produksikaret di Provinsi Jambi namun hanya memilki satu pasar lelang dan sebagian besar petani menjual bahan olah karet kepada pedagang pengumpul. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data skunder. Data di analisis secara deskriptif melalui Tabel distribusi frekuensi. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji dengan motode Chi- Square (X2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) Kepercayaan petani yang terdiri dari beberapa faktoryang mempengaruhi seperti pengetahuan petani tentang harga, hutang petani kepada pedagang pengumpul, modal pedagang pengumpul dan hubungan kekerabatan petani kepada pedagang pengumpul dengan kategori kuat sebesar 52,53 persen. 2) Penjualan bahan olah karet kepada pedagang pengumpul kategori tinggi sebesar 54,54 persen. 3) Terdapat hubungan antara kepercayaan petani terhadap penjualan bahan olah karet kepada pedagang pengumpul secara nyata.

Kata kunci : Kepercayaan Petani, Penjualan Bahan Olah Karet, Pedagang Pengumpul
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN KOPERASI UNIT DESA DI KECAMATAN TEBING TINGGI KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG BARAT
Authors: Gavinanda Ayu Primadiptha , Alamsyah Zulkifli , Nainggolan Saidin
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keadaan keuangan, kinerja keuangan dan manfaat yang dirasakan anggota Koperasi Unit Desa di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada KUD Suka Makmur, KUD Sawit Mandiri, KUD Karya Mandiri, KUD Karya Tani dan KUD Harapan Makmur dengan pendekatan rasio keuangan dan mendeskriptifkan manfaat yang dirasakan anggota. Kondisi keuangan menunjukkan bahwa KUD Suka Makmur, KUD Sawit Mandiri, KUD Karya Mandiri, dan KUD Harapan Makmur memiliki modal lebih besar dibandingkan dengan hutang yang ditanggung. Sedangkan KUD Karya Tani memiliki hutang yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan modal yang dimiliki. Dari hasil perhitungan likuditas KUD di Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi mampu menjamin hutang yang dimiliki dengan aktiva lancar dan persediaan, namun KUD tidak mampu menjamin hutang dengan kas dan bank, karena KUD memiliki saldo kas yang kecil. Dari hasil perhitungan rasio solvabilitas menyatakan KUD mampu memenuhi kewajiban jangka panjangnya.Dari hasil perhitungan profitabilitas KUD mampu menghasilkan laba dari usaha yang dijalankan. Dari perhitungan rasio aktivitas KUD memiliki nilai perputaran dana pada persediaan, aktiva tetap dan dana pada piutang yang baik. Peran koperasi bertujuan untuk mensejahterakan anggota dengan memberikan manfaat sosial dan ekonomi. Berdasakan hasil penelitian KUD telah memberikan manfaat yang dapat dirasakan oleh anggota dengan baik, namun manfaat yang diberikan KUD Harapan Makmur masih kurang dirasakan oleh anggota, karena kurangnya terjalinnya komunikasi dengan anggota, kurangnya pelayanan, barang-barang yang dijual masih terbatas dan pembagian SHU yang dibagikan belum meringankan beban kebutuhan anggota.

Kata Kunci : Koperasi Unit Desa, Kinerja Keuangan, Manfaat Sosial dan Ekonomi.
Positional and dimensional temporomandibular joint changes after correction of posterior crossbite in growing patients:A systematic review
Authors: Ellabban Mohamed T. , Abdul-Aziz Ahmed I. , Fayed Mona M. Salah , AboulFotouh Mai H. , Elkattan Ehab S. , Dahaba Mushira M.
Published: May 2018

Objective:

To elucidate the positional and dimensional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes after correction of posterior crossbite in growing patients.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic unrestricted search was done in six databases until June 27, 2017. A manual search in the reference lists of the included studies and gray literature was also performed. The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials and prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trials and a sample of growing subjects with posterior crossbite that required maxillary expansion. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. The literature search, study inclusion, risk of bias assessment, evaluation of quality of evidence (GRADE), and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently.

Results:

Only two articles were finally eligible to be included in the qualitative analysis. Both studies were RCTs and were assessed as having unclear risk of bias. Meta-analysis was not possible since one study used cone-beam computed tomography as an assessment tool while the other used ultrasonography. One study reported significant reduction in the condylar positional difference between centric and habitual occlusion in the treatment group, while no spontaneous correction of condylar asymmetric position occurred in the control group. The other study reported minor changes of condylar position in both treatment and control groups.

Conclusions:

The current available data provide insufficient and weak evidence to form a solid and firm conclusion. There is poor, very low-quality evidence regarding the positional and dimensional effects of posterior crossbite correction on the TMJs.
Immune Recognition of β-Cells: Neoepitopes as Key Players in the Loss of Tolerance
Authors: James Eddie A. , Pietropaolo Massimo , Mamula Mark J.
Published: May 2018

Prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes, there is progressive loss of immune self-tolerance, evidenced by the accumulation of islet autoantibodies and emergence of autoreactive T cells. Continued autoimmune activity leads to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and loss of insulin secretion. Studies of samples from patients with type 1 diabetes and of murine disease models have generated important insights about genetic and environmental factors that contribute to susceptibility and immune pathways that are important for pathogenesis. However, important unanswered questions remain regarding the events that surround the initial loss of tolerance and subsequent failure of regulatory mechanisms to arrest autoimmunity and preserve functional β-cells. In this Perspective, we discuss various processes that lead to the generation of neoepitopes in pancreatic β-cells, their recognition by autoreactive T cells and antibodies, and potential roles for such responses in the pathology of disease. Emerging evidence supports the relevance of neoepitopes generated through processes that are mechanistically linked with β-cell stress. Together, these observations support a paradigm in which neoepitope generation leads to the activation of pathogenic immune cells that initiate a feed-forward loop that can amplify the antigenic repertoire toward pancreatic β-cell proteins.
Aspects of Multicomponent Integrated Care Promote Sustained Improvement in Surrogate Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lim Lee Ling , Lau Eric S.H. , Kong Alice P.S. , Davies Melanie J. , Levitt Naomi S. , Eliasson Björn , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Ning Guang , Seino Yutaka , So Wing Yee , McGill Margaret , Ogle Graham D. , Orchard Trevor J. , Clarke Philip , Holman Rury R. , Gregg Edward W. , Gagliardino Juan José , Chan Juliana C.N.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

The implementation of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) improves health care quality. We examined the sustained effectiveness of multicomponent integrated care in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We searched PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE (January 2000–August 2016) and identified randomized controlled trials comprising two or more quality improvement strategies from two or more domains (health system, health care providers, or patients) lasting ≥12 months with one or more clinical outcomes. Two reviewers extracted data and appraised the reporting quality.

RESULTS

In a meta-analysis of 181 trials (N = 135,112), random-effects modeling revealed pooled mean differences in HbA1c of −0.28% (95% CI −0.35 to −0.21) (−3.1 mmol/mol [−3.9 to −2.3]), in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of −2.3 mmHg (−3.1 to −1.4), in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of −1.1 mmHg (−1.5 to −0.6), and in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of −0.14 mmol/L (−0.21 to −0.07), with greater effects in patients with LDL-C ≥3.4 mmol/L (−0.31 vs. −0.10 mmol/L for <3.4 mmol/L; Pdifference = 0.013), studies from Asia (HbA1c −0.51% vs. −0.23% for North America [−5.5 vs. −2.5 mmol/mol]; Pdifference = 0.046), and studies lasting >12 months (SBP −3.4 vs. −1.4 mmHg, Pdifference = 0.034; DBP −1.7 vs. −0.7 mmHg, Pdifference = 0.047; LDL-C −0.21 vs. −0.07 mmol/L for 12-month studies, Pdifference = 0.049). Patients with median age <60 years had greater HbA1c reduction (−0.35% vs. −0.18% for ≥60 years [−3.8 vs. −2.0 mmol/mol]; Pdifference = 0.029). Team change, patient education/self-management, and improved patient-provider communication had the largest effect sizes (0.28–0.36% [3.0–3.9 mmol/mol]).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the small effect size of multicomponent integrated care (in part attenuated by good background care), team-based care with better information flow may improve patient-provider communication and self-management in patients who are young, with suboptimal control, and in low-resource settings.
Why Are We Failing to Address the Issue of Access to Insulin? A National and Global Perspective
Authors: Beran David , Hirsch Irl B. , Yudkin John S.
Published: May 2018

Insulin was discovered in 1921 and soon became widely available in high-income countries. However, many people currently in need of this life-saving medicine are unable to access it. This is a global phenomenon, impacting not only populations of low- and middle-income countries but low-income populations in the U.S. In the U.S., the rate of diabetic ketoacidosis remains high in certain subpopulations, the cost of insulin being the main precipitating factor. On a global level the main cause of mortality for a child with type 1 diabetes is a lack of access to insulin, and in sub-Saharan Africa the life expectancy of a child with type 1 diabetes can be as low as 1 year. One lens for considering the issue of access to health and medicines is to consider society as a three-legged stool. In this paradigm, the role of the public sector is to provide “protections” to the population it serves; the private sector is made up of “responsible businesses” that supply many of the goods and services people need; and the plural sector comprises communities and not-for-profits providing the “social affiliations” that are needed. For HIV/AIDS, each of these “legs” played a role in improving access. Civil society raised awareness of the issue and advocated for access to treatment. Governments provided funding and responses both nationally and globally. Finally, the private sector played its role, under pressure from civil society and governments, in lowering the price of medicines and developing programs to expand access. Here, we use this framework to describe the shortcomings in access to insulin from a U.S. and global perspective.
Higher Plasma Methylglyoxal Levels Are Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hanssen Nordin M.J. , Westerink Jan , Scheijen Jean L.J.M. , van der Graaf Yolanda , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Schalkwijk Casper G. ,   SMART Study Group, Algra Ale , van der Graaf Yolanda , Grobbee Rick D.E. , Rutten Guy E.H.M. , Visseren Frank L.J. , de Borst Gert Jan , Kappelle Jaap L.J. , Leiner Tim , Nathoe Hendrik M.
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound and a potential key player in diabetic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether plasma MGO levels are associated with CVD in type 2 diabetes is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 1,003 individuals (mean ± SD age 59.1 ± 10.5 years, 69.3% male, and 61.6% with prior CVD) with type 2 diabetes from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease cohort (SMART). We measured plasma MGO levels and two other dicarbonyls (glyoxal [GO] and 3-deoxyglucosone [3-DG]) at baseline with mass spectrometry. Median follow-up of CVD events was 8.6 years. Data were analyzed with Cox regression with adjustment for sex, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HbA1c, BMI, prior CVD, and medication use. Hazard ratios are expressed per SD Ln-transformed dicarbonyl.

RESULTS

A total of 287 individuals suffered from at least one CVD event (n = 194 fatal events, n = 146 myocardial infarctions, and n = 72 strokes); 346 individuals died, and 60 individuals underwent an amputation. Higher MGO levels were associated with total (hazard ratio 1.26 [95% CI 1.11–1.42]) and fatal (1.49 [1.30–1.71]) CVD and with all-cause mortality (1.25 [1.11–1.40]), myocardial infarction (1.22 [1.02–1.45]), and amputations (1.36 [1.05–1.76]). MGO levels were not apparently associated with stroke (1.03 [0.79–1.35]). Higher GO levels were significantly associated with fatal CVD (1.17 [1.00–1.37]) but not with other outcomes. 3-DG was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Plasma MGO and GO levels are associated with cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Influencing dicaronyl levels may therefore be a target to reduce CVD in type 2 diabetes.
Clinical Effectiveness of a Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement and a Mild One-step Self-etch Adhesive Applied Actively and Passively in Noncarious Cervical Lesions: An 18-Month Clinical Trial
Authors: Jassal M , Mittal S , Tewari S
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of two methods of application of a mild one-step self-etch adhesive and composite resin as compared with a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) control restoration in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Methods:

A total of 294 restorations were placed in 56 patients, 98 in each one of the following groups: 1) G-Bond active application combined with Solare-X composite resin (A-1SEA), 2) G-Bond passive application combined with Solare-X composite resin (P-1SEA), and 3) GC II LC RMGIC. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after six, 12, and 18 months according to the FDI criteria for fractures/retention, marginal adaptation, marginal staining, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries. Cumulative failure rates were calculated for each criterion at each recall period. The effect of adhesive, method of application, and recall period were assessed. The Kruskal-Wallis test for intergroup comparison and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests for intragroup comparison were used for each criterion (α=0.05).

Results:

The retention rates at 18 months were 93.26% for the A-1SEA group, 86.21% for the P-1SEA group, and 90.91% for the RMGIC group. The active application improved the retention rates compared with the passive application of mild one-step self-etch adhesive; however, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. Marginal staining was observed in 13 restorations (1 in A-1SEA, 4 in P-1SEA, and 8 in RMGIC) with no significant difference between the groups. The RMGIC group showed a significant increase in marginal staining at 12 and 18 months from the baseline. There was no significant difference between the groups for marginal adaptation, secondary caries, or postoperative sensitivity.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the study, we can conclude that mild one-step self-etch adhesive followed by a resin composite restoration can be an alternative to RMGIC with similar retention and improved esthetics in restoration of NCCLs. Agitation could possibly benefit the clinical performance of mild one-step self-etch adhesives, but this study did not confirm that the observed benefit was statistically significant.
PARTISIPASI PETANI PADI DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BERAS NASIONAL (P2BN) DI KECAMATAN SEPUTIH MATARAM LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Yama I Made Thresna , Gitosaputra Sumaryo , Hasanuddin Tubagus
Published: May 2018

This study aims to find out the performance of the P2BN Program, to find out the level of rice farmers’ participation in the P2BN Program and to study the factors that influence the rice farmer participation in the P2BN Program. The research method used is a survey. The location is determined intentionally in subdistricts Seputih Mataram Central Lampung regency in November - December 2016.  Sample units are 95 rice farmers. The analyses of data used descriptive method and used Rank-Spearman correlation to test the hypothesis. The results of the research showed that: the performance of P2BN Program in planning, implementation, profit utilization, and evaluation in Seputih Mataram Subdistrict of Central Lampung Regency is in high classification, The level of rice farmer participation in P2BN Program is in middle classification.  Factors significantly related to farmers’ participation in implementation of P2BN Program are knowledge on P2BN Program and social support.  Meanwhile, the large of arable land, income level, and facility received by farmers do not have relationship with their participation in the P2BN Program.Key words: P2BN Program,  participation, Seputih Mataram
PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM PROGRAM UPSUS PAJALE DI KECAMATAN RAWA JITU SELATAN KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG
Authors: Maulidiawati Destika , Nikmatullah Dewangga , Prayitno Rio Tedi
Published: May 2018

This study aims to examine the implementation, the level of farmers’ participation, and factors related to the level of participation in the Upsus Pajale program in South Rawa Jitu Sub-District of Tulang Bawang Regency.  This study data was collected in January-February 2017 by envolving 54 farmers’ respondents.  This study was conducted by survey method and its data was analyzed descriptively and statistically by Rank Spearman Correlation.  The results showed that factors related to farmers’ participation in Upsus Pajale Program were production, group communication behavior and intensity of program socialization.  Farmers' participation in planning activity was mostly (59,26%) in moderate category, participation in implementation activity was mostly (83,3%) in high category, participation in monitoring and evaluation activities was low (46,3%) and participation in the utilization of development outcomes was high (100%). In overall, most of farmers' participation in Upsus Pajale program in Rawa Jitu Selatan sub District wass moderate (48,15%) .Key words: farmer, participation, Upsus Pajale
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN KINERJA PETANI KAKAO MITRA DAN NON MITRA DENGAN PT OLAM INDONESIA DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN
Authors: Putri Rahmi Eka , Abidin Zainal , Kasymir Eka
Published: May 2018

This research intended to differentiate the productivity and cocoa farming revenue of partner farmers and non-partner farmers in in Sungai Langka and Wiyono villages of Pesawaran district.  The research was conducted by survey method in which data was collected in January 2017 and analyzed by descriptive quantitative method.  The locations of this research were chosen by gradual sampling.  This research envolving all 54 cocoa farmers as respondents in that villages.  The data was analyzed by analysis tools of difference and farming revenue.  The results showed that based on the analysis of difference there was no difference in cocoa  productivity between partner farmers and non-partner farmers; whereas, there was difference in cocoa farming revenue between partner farmers and non-partner farmers Key words: cocoa, farmers, non-partner, partner
ANALISIS KINERJA PELAYAN KOPERASI KEPADA ANGGOTA DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGANNYA (STUDI KASUS KUD USAHA BERSAMA DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA)
Authors: Sijabat Winda Verawati , Widjaya Sudarma , Adawiyah Rabiatul
Published: May 2018

This research aimed to analyze the economic benefit the members received from KUD Usaha Bersama (Usaha Bersama Village Unit Cooperatives) and the cooperatives’ economic benefit contribution to its members’ household income, the household income of the cooperatives’ members, and to develop an alternative strategy of developing KUD Usaha Bersama further. This research was taken place in KUD Usaha Bersama in Trimodadi Village of Abung Selatan Sub District of Lampung Utara Regency selected purposively.  This research employed case study method. Data of this research was collected in March 2016.  The data related to cooperatives was obtained from cooperatives’ administrators, while that related to operation performance was obtained from 72 cooperatives’ members as the respondents selected by simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the economic benefit the members received from cooperatives were still relatively low, in which the contribution of such the economic benefit on the members’ household income was small in percentage.  The household income of KUD Usaha Bersama members belonged to low category based on Indonesian National Revenue Standar.  the strategy that could be taken for developing KUD Usaha Bersama was growth strategy including optimizing the capital circulation by means of utilizing the community feeling helped with the presence of cooperatives, using many business units corresponding to the community’s need in order to help the community by the presence of cooperatives, and optimizing the capital circulation by utilizing more modern technology. Key words: development strategy, KUD, service performance
MODIFIKASI DAN UJI KINERJA MESIN PEMARUT SAGU TIPE SILINDER
Authors: Thoriq Ahmad , Sutejo Agus
Published: May 2018

Pada penelitian sebelumnya terungkap bahwa pengguna mesin pemarut sagu tipe TPB 01 di Papua mengeluhkan kesulitan mengencangkan sabuk v-belt, adanya kontak mata parut dengan landasan pada bagian pemasukan batang sagu dan banyaknya bagian batang sagu yang tidak terparut sempurna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kinerja mesin pemarut sagu tipe TPB 01 melalui modifikasi beberapa bagian mesin. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu melalui pendekatan rancangan teknik yang terdiri atas indentifikasi masalah, perumusan konsep modofikasi, gambar teknik, uji fungsional dan uji kinerja. Berdasarkan identifikasi masalah, bagian mesin yang dimodifikasi adalah memindahkan tenaga penggerak ke dudukan yang terletak di bagian samping mesin dan menambahkan lempengan nilon 5 mm pada landasan bagian pemasukan. Mata parut akan kontak dengan nilon namun karena karakteristik teknik dari nilon yang lebih lunak dibandingkan dengan mata parut menyebabkan nilon terkikis dan membentuk alur mata parut. Hasil pengujian mesin hasil modifikasi menunjukkan kapasitas pemarutan sebesar 571,15  kg/jam dengan efesiensi pemarutan sebesar 95,32%, tingkat kehilangan empulur sagu berupa parutan yang tertinggal pada mesin sebesar 4,68% dan tidak terdapat batang sagu yang tidak terparut.
Method for comparing current versus recommended housing conditions in dairy cattle production
Authors: Gaworski Marek , Boćkowski Michał
Published: May 2018

The objective of the study was to propose a method to assess how well some housing conditions in barns meet national standards and recommendations. The key element of the method was to investigate the index of technical standards fulfilment (ITSF), which shows differences between current housing conditions created by barn facilities and some standards. The lower differences are expressed by higher ITSF value, whereas the index values range from 0 to 1. Data collected in 38 dairy farms (with tie-stall and freestall housing systems) were used for the ITSF index analyses. The ITSF index values for the two compared housing systems were calculated for measurements carried out in four zones in each barn: lying, social, feeding and milking areas. There were higher average ITSF index values for the freestall system than for the tie-stall housing system across all investigated zones included in the barns. Investigations can support farmers to improve some conditions of dairy production in the barns including consciousness of some standards on dairy facilities and cow comfort.
Comparative studies about fungal colonization and deoxynivalenol translocation in barley plants inoculated at the base with Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudograminearum
Authors: Pecoraro Francesco , Giannini Marta , Beccari Giovanni , Covarelli Lorenzo , Filippini Gianfranco , Pisi Annamaria , Nipoti Paola , Prodi Antonio
Published: May 2018

Fusarium crown rot (FCR), an important disease of wheat and barley, is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum, which are also responsible for mycotoxin production. This is the first comparative investigation of their colonization on barley plants after stem base inoculation. At plant maturity, FCR symptoms were visually evaluated, fungal biomass was quantified by Real-Time quantitative PCR and deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the inoculated strains caused the typical FCR necrotic symptoms. Real-Time PCR analysis showed that F. graminearum and F. culmorum were present in the head tissues, while F. pseudograminearum colonized only up to the area including the second node of the stem. Conversely, DON was detected up to the head for all the three species. This study shows that, as already demonstrated in previous research for wheat, DON may be detected up to the head as a consequence of stem base infection by the three FCR agents
Tietorakenteet potilaan hoitotietojen kirjaamisessa – Case hoitotyön yhteenveto
Authors: Mykkänen Minna , Miettinen Merja , Saranto Kaija
Published: May 2018

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida, miten kansallisesti määriteltyä hoitotyön yhteenvedon tietorakennetta ja siirtyvän potilaan hoitotietojen kirjaamisohjeen sisältöä noudatettiin hoitotyön yhteenvedoissa. Tutkimuksessa kuvattiin hoitohenkilökunnan ja lääkäreiden laatimien yhteenvetojen rakenteissa käyttämiä päällekkäisiä tietorakenteita. Lisäksi kuvattiin mitä muita tietorakenteita hoitotyön yhteenvedoissa käytettiin. Rekisteritutkimuksen aineisto (N=87) kerättiin sähköisestä potilaskertomusjärjestelmästä sähköisessä muodossa tutkimusorganisaation yhdeksältä vuodeosastolta. Aineisto analysoitiin laskemalla frekvenssit ja prosentit tietorakenteiden käytöstä. Tutkimusaineiston eri otsikoiden välinen yhteys testattiin khii-toiseen testillä ja odds ration (vedonlyöntisuhteet) laskettiin kuvaamaan otsikoiden assosiaation voimakkuutta. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan hoitotyön yhteenvedon kansallisesti määriteltyjä tietorakenteita käytetään hyvin, mutta niiden käyttö ei ole järjestelmällistä samassa yhteenvedossa. Alueellisesti määriteltyjä hoitotyön yhteenvedon sisältöotsikoita käytetään vain osittain. Hoitotyön ja lääketieteen yhteenvedoissa käytetään päällekkäisiä tietorakenteita. Hoitotyön yhteenvedoissa käytetään myös kansallisesti määriteltyyn rakenteeseen kuulumattomia tietorakenteita. Terveydenhuollon sähköisiä tietojärjestelmiä tulee kehittää edelleen ohjaamaan henkilöstöä tuottamaan yhteenvetoja määriteltyjen tietorakenteiden mukaisesti. Terveydenhuollon ammattilaisia tulee edelleen kouluttaa käyttämään määriteltyjä tietorakenteita. Myös potilaat tarvitsevat yhdenmukaisten tietorakenteiden mukaisia yhteenvetoja omahoitonsa tueksi. Tietojen on oltava yhdenmukaisia tiedon käytettävyyden turvaamiseksi ja epäselvyyksien välttämiseksi.
Lääkärit ja hoitajat parempien tietojärjestelmien kehittämistyössä: kyvykkäät ja innokkaat käyttäjät alihyödynnettyinä
Authors: Martikainen Susanna , Kotila Jaana , Kaipio Johanna , Lääveri Tinja
Published: May 2018

Loppukäyttäjien osallistuminen potilastietojärjestelmien kehittämiseen on keskeistä, jotta järjestelmiä voidaan kehittää heidän tarpeitaan vastaaviksi ja työtehtäviin sopiviksi. Sairaanhoitajien ja lääkärien osallistumista käyttämiensä tietojärjestelmien kehittämistyöhön selvitettiin valtakunnallisten kyselytutkimusten avulla. Sairaanhoitajien aineisto kerättiin keväällä 2017. Lääkärien kyselytutkimus toteutettiin samoin keväällä 2017 ja lisäksi vuosina 2014 ja 2010, tosin vuonna 2017 lääkäreiltä ei kysytty kehittämiseen osallistumisen tavoista.

Kyselyyn vastanneista sairaanhoitajista 46 % ja lääkäreistä 49 % kertoi osallistuneensa tietojärjestelmien kehittämistyöhön. Sairaanhoitajista 21 % oli valmiita osallistumaan kehittämisryhmiin ja vain 20 % ei ollut lainkaan kiinnostuneita osallistumaan; vuoden 2014 kyselyssä lääkäreillä vastaavat osuudet olivat 18 % ja 16 %. Ohjelmistotoimittajien ei koettu olevan kiinnostuneita loppukäyttäjien näkemyksistä eikä kehittämisehdotuksia toteutettu toivotulla tavalla eikä ripeydellä. Verrattuna vuosiin 2010 ja 2014 lääkärien arviot eivät olleet muuttuneet positiivisemmiksi.

Loppukäyttäjistä suuri osa olisi halukkaita osallistumaan kehittämistyöhön jollakin tavalla, mutta ohjelmistokehitys ei ole toistaiseksi löytänyt parhaita tapoja heidän osallistumisensa mahdollistamiseen. On ilmeistä, että loppukäyttäjät eivät koe pystyvänsä vaikuttamaan ohjelmistokehitykseen toivotulla tavalla. Osallistamisen on myös oltava mahdollista osana jokapäiväistä työtä. Terveydenhuollon organisaatioiden on tunnistettava kehittämistyöhön osallistumisen merkitys ja mahdollistettava esimerkiksi tietojärjestelmälääkärien ja -hoitajien urapolut. Tärkeää on, että tietojärjestelmiä kehittävien lääkäreiden ja sairaanhoitajien kliininen työ jatkuu tietojärjestelmien kehittämisen rinnalla, jotta näkemys työhön, missä järjestelmiä käytetään, säilyy.
Fungsi Komunikasi dalam T ransmisi Nilai-nilai Keagamaan pada Organisasi Kerohanian Islam (Rohis) di SMA Negeri 1 Purworejo
Authors: Muzayanah Umi
Published: May 2018

A process of value transmission can not be separated from the role of communication that involves communicators as messengers and communicants as the recipient of the message. Similarly, in the process of transmitting religious values by the organization of Spirituality of Islam (Rohis), communication becomes one of the determinants of the success of Rohisâ€™s mission in the fostering of Islam in school. Using a qualitative approach, this research attempts to describe the communi- cation model built by Rohis SMAN 1 Purworejo in transmitting reli- gious values to Muslim students at school. Through interviewing tech- niques, observation, and documentation obtained some research find- ings. First, the communication model built by Rohis SMAN 1 Purworejo is interactional communication, which provides an opportunity for in- teraction between the messenger and the recipient of the message. Sec- ond, Rohis SMAN 1 Purworejo applies formal transmission model through structured activities, whereas non-formal transmission is re- flected from Rohis social interaction with other students in school envi- ronment.
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE RELATIONSHIP IN THE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAUCASUS
Authors: AVADIR JAFAROVA Kamala
Published: May 2018

The article investigates the role of language relationship in the economy development of the Caucasus. As the Azerbaijan Republic is one of the prosperous states of Transcaucasia, the article generally pays much attention to its language relationship to the world economy. Besides, the economy development of Azerbaijan via language is not doubtful. The role of languages in the economy development is necessary to create the conception that refers to future for creating the perfect relationship basing on different economy grounds such as oil, gas, steel, cobalt, etc. The relationship on this field can help to improve the language situation in the Azerbaijan Republic, the country which is progressing strongly in the way of economy. This conception should cover the interests of our nation as well as the modern level of linguistics and language learning. The economic branch should be paid much attention, of course. Such kind of conception may be effective and productive in case it meets today’s demands.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL NORMS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM IN THE CAUCASUS COUNTRIES
Authors: ABBASOVA Maleyka , BASHİR KIZI Ayten Huseynova
Published: May 2018

The article is dedicated to examination the problem of terrorism and extremism in the Caucasus countries. There also was shown that the core of the international struggle against extremism and terrorism is the universally recognized principles and norms of international law created under the auspices of the United Nations, which must both be adopted and incorporated into the legislation of the UN member states and are respected by them both in foreign policy pursued by them and in domestic policy. The international legal norm against terrorism plays an important role in the struggle with extremism and terrorism in Caucasus countries.
THE EU AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM: DIRECT AND INDIRECT ENGAGEMENT
Authors: SUKIASYAN Narek
Published: May 2018

From being a traditional hot spot of conflicts, then entering into its longest peaceful age, Europe (the European Union) is now increasingly becoming a promoter of peace and an important actor in conflict resolution. This paper aims to identify the conflict resolution mechanisms available to the EU and proposes new analytical tools by distinguishing direct and indirect mechanism of conflict resolution.
La protección del derecho a la vivienda de niños, niñas y adolescentes en el Derecho de las Familias
Authors: Herrera Marisa , Salituri Amezcua Martina
Published: May 2018

El Derecho de las Familias como se lo denomina con mayor precisión de manera contemporánea, se asienta sobre los principios de igualdad, autonomía y solidaridad, otorgando a las personas vulnerables un lugar primordial en el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (CCyC). Ello adquiere efectos jurídicos concretos en el cruce entre protección de la vivienda y derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA), desde un régimen renovado tanto de la vivienda familiar, como del ejercicio de derechos por parte de las personas menores de 18 años a la luz del principio de autonomía progresiva. Así, nos proponemos en el presente artículo revisar críticamente, el referido cruce a través de las normas que componen el actual Derecho de las Familias, así como el panorama jurisprudencial, a partir de la vigencia del CCyC. Para este fin, se propone analizar 4 ejes que reflejan problemáticas bien actuales en la materia: I) el ejercicio de derechos de NNA respecto a la vivienda familiar por la atribución de su uso frente a crisis entre los progenitores, II) el derecho a la protección de la vivienda de NNA en las relaciones extrafamiliares, principalmente los casos de desalojos, III) los adolescentes, la autonomía progresiva y el acceso a la vivienda a partir del supuesto especial que prevé la Ley 27.364 de egreso asistido para adolescentes sin cuidados parentales, y IV) la obligada perspectiva de género a la luz del rol que las mujeres ocupan frente a la protección de la vivienda de sus hijos e hijas.
La prevención como medio de protección de los derechos personalísimos. Su despliegue en los casos de gestación solidaria
Authors: Krasnow Adriana N.
Published: May 2018

Este artículo describe la prevención como un medio de protección de los derechos personalísimos comprometidos en los casos de gestación solidaria, desde un abordaje que guarda sintonía con la visión constitucional y convencional en la que se inscribe el Código Civil y Comercial argentino.  En este marco y considerando los principios y valores propios del Derecho de las familias, se analiza la prevención como instrumento y como función de la responsabilidad civil, siguiendo para ello un recorrido que describe el derecho a la prevención y a la reparación del daño en perspectiva constitucional y convencional. La descripción que se informa, permite llegar al estudio de la voluntad procreacional como elemento que contribuye en la elaboración de medidas dirigidas a evitar la producción de un daño en la persona. Todo lo expuesto se ilustra a lo largo del desarrollo con el relato de historias de vida que ponen de manifiesto el continuo contacto entre norma y realidad.
El campo judicial frente a la construcción corporal trans
Authors: Farji Neer Anahí
Published: May 2018

Hasta 2012 en Argentina era requisito contar con una autorización judicial para acceder al cambio registral de sexo y nombre así como a los tratamientos médicos de construcción corporal. En este artículo se describen y analizan las respuestas judiciales a los pedidos para acceder a las intervenciones quirúrgicas genitales por parte de personas trans en Argentina entre 1994 y 2008. A través del análisis de contenido cualitativo de una selección de fallos se analizan los cambios en los argumentos y los discursos invocados por los/as operadores/as judiciales intervinientes. Sostengo que en un primer momento la corroboración pericial del sufrimiento psíquico asociado a un trastorno de la identidad de género permitió la producción de una serie de fallos favorables a las solicitudes de las personas para acceder a cirugías genitales y otras intervenciones médicas orientadas a construir una imagen corporal acorde a su identidad de género. En un segundo momento, la apelación a los principios de la bioética principialista permitió afirmar la autonomía de las personas que solicitaban autorización, y el acceso a las intervenciones médicas como una elección libre y no ya como el tratamiento indicado para una patología. Sin embargo, afirmo que se trató de un concepto de autonomía opaco y menguado, ya que operadores/as judiciales debían evaluar el carácter plenamente autónomo de los deseos corporales de las personas trans para autorizar el acceso a los tratamientos médicos requeridos.
Efectos del litigio en salud y equidad: El caso de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Clérico Laura , Vita Leticia
Published: May 2018

La mayor parte de la bibliografía sobre los efectos del litigio en salud en América Latina entiende que tanto los actores como las prestaciones solicitadas son representativos de los sectores medios y altos de la población, mientras que los sectores bajos y vulnerables quedarían fuera del universo litigante. Sin embargo, recientemente también se ha señalado que estos efectos dependen del contexto concreto en que este litigio se inicia y se ha rescatado la importancia de esta herramienta para garantizar el derecho a la salud de los más vulnerables. Nuestro trabajo busca analizar esta problemática para el caso de Argentina a partir del estudio del litigio en salud en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Los resultados de este análisis dan cuenta de una confirmación parcial de la tesis de los efectos distorsivos y de líneas jurisprudenciales que pueden habilitar una discusión más robusta sobre el acceso equitativo a la salud.
El código procesal penal bonaerense de 1915: primeras iniciativas de reforma en la legislatura a tres años de vigencia
Authors: Sedeillan Gisela
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo posa la mirada en los primeros proyectos de reforma del código procesal penal de 1915 presentados en la legislatura bonaerense. Analiza sus contenidos y si existió consenso para que sean sancionados con el objetivo principal de identificar las preocupaciones que impulsaron cambios en el texto legal. Se centra en la primera gobernación de la Unión Cívica Radical (1918-1921), escenario político caracterizado por tensiones entre el gobernador Crotto y la Legislatura.
The Effectiffeness of The Process-Based Skills Approach of Lesson Study Toward Achievement In Biology of Vocational School Students
Authors: Firdaus Faizah , Suratno Suratno , Fikri Kamalia
Published: May 2018

Theory and practice are the one-entity that must be mastered in studying biology. Facts show that biological knowledge is not accompanied by practice of such science so that it focuses on theory. For that, it takes a learning approach that develops the skills to process knowledge acquisition that is the process skill approach. In addition to implementation of the strategies used, success in teaching and learning can not be separated from the teacher's efforts. Lesson Study is one that can be used as a method for teachers to exchange ideas in the preparation and development of biology learning plan. The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of process approach based on Lesson Study on Biology student learning outcomes. This research type is quasi experimental by applying approach of process skill base on Lesson Study in experiment class and conventional learning model, that is lecturing and question and answer in control class. Results of the analysis using the effectiveness test using gain score. Average gain score of the experimental class is greater than the average gain score control class which means that learning using the approach of Lesson Study based process skills is more effective than conventional learning. Result of the affective value analysis using independent t-test shows (sig = 0,000 <0,05) so that based on the same variance assumption, the two classes have significant affective value difference or in other words there is influence of different treatment to student affective value..