bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted in the district hospital of North India- a retrospective study
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Bhagat Shweta , Sharma Vinod , Bala Kiran , Kumar Tejinder
Published: July 2023

Background: During COVID-19 all the tertiary institutes were overburdened so all the peripheral institutes, mostly district hospitals were made functional to provide management to COVID-19 patients in moderate and severe cases. The study attempts to find out the clinical profile of admitted patients in one of the district hospital.
Methods: Retrospective data was studied from records of district hospital Samba when it was chosen as COVID-19 dedicated hospital.
Results: Record of 77 patients was studied and data was analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics. Chi square test was done to find out the association. Mean age was 56.8±16.19 years with male female ratio of 1.33:1. 50% males and 42.4% of females did not have any associated co-morbidities. Half of the studied participants were anemic.
Conclusions: Study showed that patients admitted in hospital presented with variable presentation and associated co morbidities were significantly associated with mortality. Peripheral institutions should be equipped with all the facilities to cope with such public health emergencies.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in Plasmodium vivax malaria. A case-control study of comparison between ARDS and non-ARDS patients in P. Vivax malaria
Authors: Jain Vineet , Bajaj Kanupriya , Neelamegam Shanmuganathan , Singh Dharmander , Chandra Kailash , Kashyap Varun , Khan Mohammadd Ashraf , Alam Sana , Kohli Sunil
Published: July 2023

Background: Plasmodium vivax was conventionally considered to be a benign parasite for centuries but in the recent years have proved to be a virulent parasite causing severe malaria. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of such severe complications with a significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of ARDS and identify the associated factors that could potentially lead to ARDS in patients with vivax malaria.
Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in New Delhi. 329 patients with an established diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax mono-infection were identified using hospital medical records, the associated factors were evaluated and compared to calculate the odds of developing ARDS. All patients were categorized into ARDS cases and non-ARDS controls.
Results: The incidence of ARDS was 7% with a female sex predominance (60.86%). Mean urea (71.5 mg/dl), creatinine (2.7 mg/dl), and AST (97.8 units/l) elevation in addition to decreased hemoglobin (7.7 gm/dl) and platelets count (38,217 cells/µl) proved to be significantly associated with ARDS in our study.
Conclusions: Plasmodium vivax is a virulent parasite and can cause severe malaria even in the setting of isolated infection. Cytokine mediated diffuse inflammatory response is a postulated pathophysiology causing ARDS.
Comparative study of evaluation techniques in physiology clinical practicals by objective structured practical examination verses traditional practical examination
Authors: Jiwane Rekha , Jiwane Sushil , Tiwari Narendra , Gajbhiye Vivekanand
Published: July 2023

Background: Objective structural practical examination assesses students by evaluating their knowledge, attitude, communication skills, interpersonal skills, ethical issues and professional judgement. Objectives were to compare the traditional practical clinical examination with objective structured practical examination. To establish the relation between the TCE and OSPE. To take the feedback from students about the study.
Methods: This interventional longitudinal study was conducted on 100 first-year medical students. They were divided into 4 practical batches each consisting of about 25 students. In TCE each student performed a clinical skill, followed by viva voce on the RS. Assessment of each student were done on the bases of overall performance. In OSPE, students were provided an OSPE map and a written instruction list before the start of the examinations, and they move from one station to another following the audible ring by the timekeeper. Three observation station, six unobserved stations with questions relates to the procedural stations arrange in physiology practical laboratory. An examiner was provided with prevalidated checklist to mark according to the observed procedure.
Results: Marks obtained during OSPE mean was 11.07 was more effective than marks obtained during TCE mean was 8.34. Most of students strongly agreed that OSPE was well structured, performance based, more objective as compared to TCE.
Conclusions: OSPE is a good tool for practical assessment as compared to TCE to improve students’ learning process.
Outcomes of surgical intervention in primary glaucoma at a tertiary eye care centre
Authors: Agrawal Ekta , Deshmukh Saud
Published: July 2023

Background: Aim of study was to evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention in diagnosed primary glaucoma cases.
Methods: This is a prospective observational study done on 55 cases for evaluating outcomes of surgical intervention in primary glaucoma, conducted in ophthalmology department at a tertiary eye care hospital in central India over a period of 18 months. Standard trabeculectomy surgery was performed for all cases by a single senior surgeon. Medical parameters that were studied as pre-operative and post-operative comparison of visual acuity, Intraocular pressure (IOP), fundoscopy, gonioscopy, OCT showing retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, perimetry showing field of vision and post-op complications.
Results: This study compares multiple factors in diagnosed primary glaucoma cases to define success of trabeculectomy surgery. Post-operative results showed significant improvement in terms of IOP, visual field index (VFI), UCVA and BCVA, gonioscopy, fundus examination, RNFL thickness on OCT. After taking into consideration all these factors pre and post-operatively, success rate of trabeculectomy evaluated at 6 monthly follow up came out to 87.27%, which includes 52.72% cases showing complete success and 34.54% cases showing qualified success, while remaining 12.72% cases showed failure due to complications like leaking bleb with hypotony, bleb failure, irido-dialysis and persistent angle closure where post-op IOP control was not achieved, leading to failure of filtration.
Conclusions: Trabeculectomy is fairly a successful surgical management to achieve IOP control and to halt the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, also to prevent further deterioration of vision and field changes in diagnosed Primary glaucoma in the short to medium term follow-up.
Non symptomatic hypoglycemia in cancer patients: a case series in a tertiary care cancer hospital
Authors: Gupta Kuldeep Kumar , Gavel Pratibha , Asia Priyanka , Mohapatra Nirupam
Published: July 2023

Sever hypoglycemia when blood glucose level <54 mg/dl is a grave condition and patients manifest with impaired cognitive function. Glucose is the key energy source for brain. In normal physiological condition glucose metabolized aerobically to produce energy in the form of ATP after glycolysis. In hypoglycemia like in condition of starvation or in any pathologically low blood glucose level, brain depends on ketone bodies to fulfill its energy requirement. In cancer patients due to Warburg effect there is aerobic fermentation of glucose leads to production of ketone bodies and lactic acid, which fulfill the energy requirement of brain and patients doesn't show symptoms of hypoglycemia
Homicidal poisoning with para-phenylenediamine hair dye: a case report
Authors: Ali Mujtaba A.
Published: July 2023

Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a widely used chemical in various hair dye formulations. Due to its cheap price and easy availability, it emerges as a major cause of suicidal poisoning. It carries high morbidity and mortality and does not have any specific antidote. We reported an unusual type of poisoning of a 44-year-old man with PPD and how he was managed with an excellent outcome.
Corpus callosum stroke with seizure as primary symptom
Authors: Ruiz John Christopher V. , Ong Marissa T.
Published: July 2023

The corpus callosum is a large commissural fiber connecting the two hemispheres. The anterior communicating artery, pericallosal artery, and posterior pericallosal artery supply it. Stroke in this area is indeed rare, with an incidence rate of 0.9% to 2.8% per year. There were no documented seizure cases as a manifestation of corpus callosum stroke. We report a case of a 42-year-old right-handed male with a history of hypertension and heart failure who presented with focal motor seizure with intact awareness, alien hand syndrome, and hemianesthesia. His cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a corpus callosum stroke and focal delta slowing on electroencephalography (EEG). This study showed that the corpus callosum is a possible epileptogenic focus.
Epstein Barr virus induced pneumonitis: a rare entity in immunocompetent baby
Authors: Singh Vineet K. , Verma Manisha , Kumar Yarraguntla K. , Bhargav Mithlesh
Published: July 2023

Acute infectious interstitial pneumonitis (IP) (Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-associated IP) in children has been most commonly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immunocompromised hosts. Here we report a case of EBV-associated interstitial pneumonitis with cervical lymphadenopathy in an immunocompetent child. Patient underwent extensive routine and serologic workup which revealed positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EBV, pointing towards the diagnosis of EBV induced pneumonitis. It is a very rare entity and is hardly seen among immunocompetent individuals especially young children. The aim of this case report is to bring to our notice that among all described pneumonias, EBV induced pneumonitis can be a possibility while dealing with lung infections.
Intestinal occlusion due to mixed hemangioma in greater omentum
Authors: Mejía Daniel Zúñiga , Hernández Javier Andrés Meza , Trejo Isabel Serrano , Astudillo Christian Marcelo Carrión , Martínez Angélica Samantha Silva
Published: July 2023

Omental tumors are most commonly found in the pediatric population, with hemangiomas being one of the rarest types. These tumors can occur in any organ, with a higher prevalence in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Although they are extremely rare, omental tumors, including hemangiomas, often involve the greater omentum. We present the case of a 70-year-old male patient that presented to our hospital with abdominal pain, distension, and inability to pass stool. After histopathological analysis we confirmed a mixed cavernous as well as capillary hemangioma of the omentum.
Case report on heavy eye syndrome
Authors: Shah Neel S. , Ahuja Nisha V. , Ladha Madhulika , Dhande Priyanka P.
Published: July 2023

In high myopia, acquired esotropia can be present as strabismus fixus convergence also known as Heavy Eye Syndrome (HES). Although exotropia and hypertropia have been reported, patients typically present with diplopia due to increasing esotropia and hypotropia with limitations on abduction and elevation. We reported two cases of HES based on history and clinical examination, which includes anterior and posterior segment examination and squint evaluation. The MRI of both patients showed displacement of lateral rectus inferiorly and nasal shifting of superior rectus. In both the cases forced duction test (FDT) was positive for affected medial rectus (MR) when performed under local anaesthesia. Subsequently, they underwent loop myopexy of superior rectus (SR) with medical rectus (MR) along with MR recession for affected eye. Postoperatively, Case 1 had a residual esotropia of 18 prism dioptre (PD) and case 2 had 40 PD compare to preoperatively 70 and 80 PD respectively, measured with the krimsky test. Axial length lengthening and herniation of sclera between the SR and LR muscles are the two main contributors to HES. To stop additional herniation, the inter-muscular link must be restored. Loop myopexy is an elegant and effective procedure to achieve good cosmetic and functional results for HES.
An amelanotic melanoma of the rectum: report of a rare aggressive primary tumor
Authors: Singh Swati , Singh Sanjeev Kumar , Aggarwal Roopak , Agarwal Savita
Published: July 2023

Anorectal melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy accounting for 0.4% to 1.6% of all melanoma and 0.5% of all anorectal cancer. About 80% cases are confused with haemorrhoids, rectal polyp, rectal ulcer or adenocarcinoma as they commonly present with rectal bleed. We herein reported a case of a 55-year male presenting with a 6-months history of vague abdominal pain, constipation, tenesmus, weight loss, and passage of blood in stool. Clinical examination and proctoscopy revealed a fungating mass. CT scan showed a mass involving lower rectum with periserosal infiltration. The patient underwent total abdominoperineal resection and specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Gross examination showed a fungating growth measuring 3.5×2.5×2 cm along with 8 lymph nodes. On microscopy rectal mucosa was normal, submucosa showed spindle shape tumor cells arranged in sheets & fascicles having pleomorphic nuclei, high N:C ratio with moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm along with areas of necrosis and no evidence of lymphovascular emboli. 6/8 lymph nodes showed metastatic deposits along with large number of atypical mitotic figures. H and E examination suggested diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (T2N1Mx). A panel of IHC markers was advised for definite diagnosis. The tumor cells were reactive for HMB45, S-100, Ki67 thus rendering a diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma. Due to absence/small numbers of melanin granules in H and E and diversity in morphology of neoplastic cells, misdiagnosis as lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and sarcoma is very common. Hence IHC plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma of rectum.
Congenital distal ureteric stricture presenting as obstructive megaureter in an infant: a case report
Authors: Dayapule Sreedhar , Kucherlapati Abhiram , Donthiri Sandeep , Qazi Ifrah Ahmad
Published: July 2023

Congenital distal ureteric stricture is a rare but most important cause of hydro ureteronephrosis in infants presenting as obstructive megaureter. A 8 months old child suffering from recurrent episodes of fever and poor growth had giant hydroureteronephrosis due to distal ureteric stricture. Often misdiagnosed as primary megaureter or pelviureteric junction obstruction, congenital ureteral strictures and valves are the main causes of congenital ureteric obstruction. He was treated with excision of narrow ureteric segment with tapering ureteroplasty and a ureteral reimplantation was performed. This case is presented and discussed with reference to etiology of this rather rare anomaly.
Robotic intraoperative tracheal repair during retrosternal malignant goiter excision: an anesthetic challenge
Authors: Verma Ankur , Biswas Shubhashish , Singh Pooja , Tyagi Tarun , Khatri Pankaj , Gupta Tushar , Dabas Surender Kumar
Published: July 2023

Thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for large retrosternal goiters. These tumors often are large enough to require thoracotomy. Robotic surgery can help in avoiding thoracotomy and its associated post operative complications. Rarely, such tumors and their surgery can be complicated by tracheal tears. Such tears, especially those near the carina are difficult to repair and often require open thoracotomy. We described such a case where we avoided open thoracotomy and instead performed a minimally invasive robotic repair of tracheal tear. The maintenance of ventilation during this robotic repair was critical. A combination of several airway devices was used to allow the complex surgical repair to be executed without affecting ventilation.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease: a mysterious case of generalized lymphadenopathy
Authors: Sebastian Nikhil , P. N. Shoaib Nawaz , Ramya Ananthkrishnan  , J. Kumanan , Lakshmanan Archana , Raja Thirumalairaj
Published: July 2023

Castleman disease is a syndrome with significant clinico-pathological overlap between malignancy, autoimmune causes and infectious etiologies. It is a spectrum and can vary in extent from unicentric to multicentric disease with generalized lymphadenopathy, organ involvement, constitutional symptoms and cytopenias, and in severity from non-severe to severe disease with TAFRO symptoms. Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a diagnosis of exclusion after multiple causes as per diagnostic criteria are excluded. Treatment varies between the disease severity types with anti-IL 6 antibodies for non-severe disease to cytotoxic chemotherapy agents for severe disease with TAFRO symptoms. We hereby report a case of a non-severe type of iMCD with a prolonged course and delayed arrival at the diagnosis, owing to the rarity of this condition, which stresses the need for a reduced threshold to consider MCD, early in the differential diagnosis. Interestingly there were positive auto-antibodies and elevated IgG4 levels in this patient, but applying strict criteria helps to distinguish the diagnosis.
Mesoamerican nephropathy: a narrative review
Authors: Oza Yugam R. , Mannava Anjali S. , Tousif Meirajuddin J. , Shah Jash K. , Gondalia Shrinath V. , Mevawala Hardik B. , Joshi Helly M. , Gor Nancy M. , Jivarani Nishi J. , Dharani Dhruv U.
Published: July 2023

Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) also known as chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is prevalent in agriculturally rich areas. The most widely accepted pathophysiological explanation for MeN is chronic dehydration caused by prolonged exposure to the sun. Other theories include oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, infection and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The clinical presentation is quite vague and is diagnosed similar to CKD from any cause using blood, urine analysis and ultrasound. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary cooperation among physicians, epidemiologists, toxicologists, and geneticists while identifying significant research gaps and future objectives. Occupational health related to agriculture is not emphasised enough especially in third world countries where a large chunk of population heavily depend on farming. To safeguard the population at risk, the significance of community-based initiatives, occupational health measures, and regulatory changes is emphasised.
Central nervous system manifestations in HIV: magnetic resonance imaging pictorial review
Authors: Gupta Lipika , Gupta Archit
Published: July 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the Retroviridae (retrovirus) family. It is associated with immunodeficiency, neurological diseases and neoplasms. With the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis of people who are infected with HIV has improved, and the incidence of HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases has markedly decreased. In spite of that the mortality from HIV-related CNS diseases remains significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved the perspective for people with HIV with the help of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. There are various conditions which come under the spectrum of CNS manifestations of HIV for e.g., HIV encephalopathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), HIV-related primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), CNS toxoplasmosis, other diseases caused by opportunistic infections like CNS cryptococcosis, CNS tuberculosis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Each condition shows certain specific MRI features which aid in diagnosis. Although, distinguishing between HIV-related CNS diseases based on imaging alone is sometimes difficult, in this review, we discuss the spectrum and imaging features that can contribute to their early differentiation.
Assessment of knowledge, awareness and attitudes regarding the re-emerging outbreak of monkeypox among the health professionals in Bangladesh: a web based cross-sectional study
Authors: Imran Faysal Ahmed , Khatun Mst Eshita , Shahjahan Md , Chowdhury ABM Alauddin , Baroi Liton
Published: July 2023

Background: Before the early 70s, Monkeypox (MPX) was simply recognized as a native disregarded disease in western and central Africa. Moreover, monkeypox is a re-emerging disease that becomes a serious life threatening issue all over the world including non-endemic countries. Regarding the evaluation of research based information about monkeypox in Bangladesh, this study has been conducted to assess the existing knowledge among health professionals.
Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was carried out from 20 June 2022 to 10 August 2022 time period where respondents' knowledge about monkeypox was assessed through using a 21-item scale. The chi-square test was used to make the association between socio-demographic variables and knowledge level.
Results: Among 223 respondents, only 53% had good knowledge (mean score >14). Respondents age and sex were significantly correlated with the level of knowledge about monkeypox (p<0.006) and (p<0.02) respectively. Around 72.1% of respondents agreed that the world's populations are able to prevent and control monkeypox worldwide and 65% of respondents believed that media coverage of monkeypox may contribute to global prevention. Moreover, 52.4% respondents had negative attitudes toward monkeypox for becoming a world pandemic.
Conclusions: The study finding reveals that knowledge about the monkeypox virus was average and training as well as awareness programs are recommended on monkeypox to promote feather knowledge development among health professionals.
Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive bacilloscopy in Bangui, Central Africa
Authors: Longo Jean de Dieu , Diemer Henri Saint Calvaire , Woromogo Sylvain Honoré , Doyama-woza Herman , Gotia-Dondoumba Gaby Ferreol Melkisedeck , Grésenguet Gérard
Published: July 2023

Background: A case of untreated bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (BPT+) represents a reservoir for transmission of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the delay and identify the determinants of the delay in the diagnosis of BPT+ in the diagnostic and treatment centers for tuberculosis (CDT) in Bangui.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted. It included all new TB patients aged 15 years and older (145) who presented a positive bascilloscopy. Exhaustive recruitment was performed during the study period. Multiple logistic regression with OR (95% CI) for p<0.05 was used to establish the relationship between delayed diagnosis and patient characteristics.
Results: Patients ranged in age from 16 to 80 years with an average age of 33.81±12.18 years. The time to consultation and diagnosis >30 days after the onset of symptoms were 83.10% and 23.95%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, male patients [ORa=0.42 (0.19-0.93)]; patients residing in peri-urban areas [ORa=4.25 (2.10-9.02)]; patients using informal care facilities as first option [ORa=1.84 (1.47-3.38)] and not requesting acid-fast bacilli (AFB) test at first visit [ORa=6.09 (3.70-17.69)] were associated with risk of delayed diagnosis.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of BPT+, which is the spreading form of the disease, remains a public health concern in our context. Supervision and coaching of health workers coupled with increased public awareness of TB will contribute to better control of the disease.
Utilization of antenatal services and related factors in aspirational tribal district of eastern Gujarat
Authors: Dangi Shobhana , Shah Vidhi V. , Kumar Sanjay , Jain Prince , Chinchodkar Kishor N.
Published: July 2023

Background: The number of antenatal visit & timing of first visit are important for health of mother and outcome of pregnancy, it is proved by research studies that earlier registration and regular ANC visits helps in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Various study shows that ANC utilization varies with mothers age, occupation, education, income, parity, place of resident, availability and cost of services.
Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. The Anganwadi centres were taken as the study area, the study participants were postnatal women up to 42 days after delivery. The primary data collection was done using semi-structured questionnaire by recall method after taking written informed consent. The details of antenatal visits and service utilization were asked.
Results: Most of the participants uses the ANC packages however optimal utilization is lacking. 49.24% has taken ≥4 ANC visits. 58.97% have taken ≥180 IFA tablets while 30.40% have visited for their first Ante-natal visit within 12 weeks. Ante-natal mothers who were working and those belonging to lower middle class visited less than 4 times for ante-natal visits. Ante-natal mother below 20 years of age were having lower consumption IFA tablets. >12 weeks for 1st Ante-natal visit was taken by Ante-natal mothers who were working and belonging to middle class.
Conclusions: There is suboptimal utilization of the ante-natal service package. Pregnant woman who were daily wage worker as well as middle class and lower class reported less visits and delay in reporting health facility.
Evaluation of user’s perspective on readability and understanding of medicine package inserts
Authors: Momin Sarosh , Shaikh Noor , Jadhav Pallavi , Sajith Manjusha , Pawar Atmaram
Published: July 2023

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the user’s perspective on readability and understanding of Medicine package inserts (MPIs).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the community pharmacy settings, encompassing participants from urban and rural areas of Pune, Mumbai, and Thane districts. The user’s ability to read and understand was assessed using a 3-point Likert scale and was correlated to their socio-demographic characteristics using Pearson’s coefficient. Also, the difference in the means between the groups was analysed using the student’s test. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of 502 respondents, most of the participants had the habit of reading MPI (51.3%). Although, on correlating the level of difficulty to the participant's socio-demographic characteristics, a little difficulty in reading (57.8%) and understanding (60%) of instructions respectively were reported in participants of the age group: 38-57 years (57%; 60%), who were graduate (70.2%; 69.8%), and was significantly associated to their area of residence (p<0.5). Addressing the language barrier and providing MPI in their native language increased participants’ readability by a whopping 57%, who earlier stated ‘difficulty to read (70.49%)’ as the major factor to not refer MPIs.
Conclusions: More than half the respondents (51.4%) usually read the MPI. Nonetheless, people stated that they faced difficulty in reading and understanding it. Diversifying this data by age and level of education can help policymakers ensure a user-directed upgrade of the package inserts and implement patient education in the users’ native language by healthcare providers such as pharmacists.
Medicolegal knowledge and its practice among physiotherapists in Maharashtra
Authors: Damle Aditi R. , Dharmapuri Venu M. , Dabadghav Rachana P.
Published: July 2023

Background: Physiotherapy is a modern science and an independent profession. Physiotherapists are expected to conduct professional practice according to the existing laws and follow the guidelines of the respective state councils. Awareness about patients’ rights is increasing, as are malpractice cases and as professionals who are in constant contact with their clients, physiotherapists need to safeguard themselves from a medicolegal perspective. Having appropriate knowledge of medicolegal aspects and practicing accordingly will protect them against legal damages while maintaining professional integrity. This study aimed to find the level of medicolegal knowledge and its practice among physiotherapists in Maharashtra.
Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in Maharashtra, India. A self-made, validated questionnaire was distributed online and 100 physiotherapists across Maharashtra, accessed via the convenience sampling method, were surveyed. The collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The average knowledge was 50.38%, but the average correct practice was 71.86%. These findings showed that the physiotherapists were practicing according to basic knowledge and they needed to improve their knowledge of aspects such as the Maharashtra Act II of 2004, documentation, applicable laws and professional indemnity to practice with unquestionable protection against legal proceedings.
Conclusions: Physiotherapists in Maharashtra have basic knowledge of the governing body and of the legal aspects of their profession. With medical negligence cases on the rise, they need to update themselves about the details to conduct a safe and efficient practice. This will enhance their professional competence and provide legal and financial security.
Clinico-epidemiological profile and complications of hand foot mouth disease among cases attending tertiary care centre in Northern Kerala, India
Authors: Linu Mary , Thomas Renu , Anandabhavan Kumaran Jayasree
Published: July 2023

Background: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD), has suddenly become more prevalent than ever in Kerala and is reported in almost all districts. Earlier studies showed EnteroVirus-A71 to be the causative agent, but frequent outbreaks are also caused by coxsackievirus A6 and A16. In 2022 there was a surge in the HFMD cases being reported to the institution with few cases requiring hospital admission due to complications.
Methods: Study was a hospital based descriptive study in Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India among Paediatric cases of HFMD, presented to the institution from April to July, 2022. Data was collected by direct interview using a semi structured questionnaire. It was coded and entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the total 50 cases studied, 60% of the cases were in the age group of 1-3 years. Majority (58%) were females, with maximum cases being reported in the month of May. 32% had contact history with 18% being family contacts. Fever (72%), lesions on the hand (86%), foot (92%) and oral cavity (68%) were the most common clinical presentation. Complications developed in 10% of the cases, requiring hospital admission. Most common complication being neurological complication- acute cerebellar ataxia and atypical febrile seizure. A major factor noted among the cases that developed complications was that all were having chronic malnutrition.
Conclusions: Even though majority of the cases had uncomplicated course, 10% cases showed complications. Therefore, awareness should be made regarding chances of complications and its risk factors. Assessment of nutritional status should be done in all cases.
Determinants of cervical cancer screening adherence among rural women of Chengalpattu district
Authors: R. Narendranath , A. Rathibala , R. Gowthamkarthic , Agadi Soumya
Published: July 2023

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India even though it is a vaccine preventable disease. Women ever undergone a screening for cervical cancer in India is only 1.7% in rural (NFHS-5). The focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting cervical cancer screening among rural women of Chengalpattu district.
Methods: It is a community based cross sectional study conducted in 12 villages coming under field practicing areas of rural health training centre of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute in Chengalpattu district. Sampling was done by using Simple random sampling method and our sample size was 220. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel and analysis was done using SPSS software version 21.
Results: The Mean (SD) age of the study participants was 45±10.17 years. Among all the participants, 181 (82.3%) were unaware about any method of cervical cancer screening. Factors that are barriers to cervical cancer screening includes feeling of being healthy (79.6%), fear of finding out cancer (71.9%), anticipation of pain (68.1%).
Conclusions: Present study found out that most study participants were unaware about the methods of cervical cancer screening. It is important to educate women about cervical cancer screening methods to overcome barriers.
Social media and mental health of undergraduate medical students of Mysuru: cross sectional study
Authors: Chaitali  , Gohri Jay , Hegde Saurish , K. S. Sahana , Doddaiah Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2023

Background: Social media is a form of electronic communication, through which people can share ideas and information. With the advent of internet and social networking sites, humans have become social more virtually than in person. This has led to people living more isolated lives affecting one’s health. Hence the objective is to assess the effects of social media on students and factors associated.
Methods: It was a Cross sectional study among 367 undergraduates from a medical college in Mysuru, over a duration of 2 months. A self-administered questionnaire with socio- demographic variables and a standard GHQ-12 (general health questionnaire) was used for the scoring of their distress levels. Descriptive statistics were taken and Chi-square test was done for statistical significance.
Results: Out of 367 students, the mean age of students were 21.5 years. The prevalence suggestive of distress was found to be 72.4% (265), and severe psychological distress was found to be 3.27%. Among usage of apps, people using 1 app had 48.5% distress, 2 apps had 75.6% distress, 3 apps had 63.3% distress and 4 apps 74.2% distress. There was no significant association between factors and severity of distress.
Conclusions: From the above study, we have shown that social media with all its influence has a negative impact on the students’ behavior. With this the youth need to be educated on its use and its limitations counselled regarding its ill effects and necessary tolls for seeking help be made available at their disposal.
COVID-19 reinfection among health care workers in a tertiary care center in north Kerala: a descriptive study
Authors: Raveendranath Priyanka Prasanna , Kumaran Jayasree Anandabhavan , Jose Jerrin Maria
Published: July 2023

Background: Reinfection rates due to Covid-19 is on a rise. Prevention, identification, and management of these patients will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Objective of this study was to determine the proportion of SARS COV-2 reinfection among health care workers, to determine the meantime interval between primary infection and reinfection and to compare the symptomatology during Primary infection and reinfection.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among healthcare workers who tested positive for COVID-19 from 1st July 2020 to 31st October 2021 which accounted for 704, of which 36 met the criteria for reinfection. Details of the health care workers who tested positive for COVID-19 was collected from regional PEID cell data base. Data was collected from study subjects using telephonic interviews. Data was analyzed using SPPSS Version 21.
Results: Out of the 704 study subjects, 36 (5.11%) met the criteria for reinfection. Mean age was 29.6±9.7 years. Of the 36 cases of reinfection, 36.1% were asymptomatic during the primary infection compared to 2.8% during the second one. Cough and fever were present in 41.7% and 83.3% respectively during reinfection compared to 11.1% and 33.3% in primary infection. Mean time interval between primary infection and reinfection was 244.6±75.6 days. During the time period between primary infection and reinfection 4 (11.1%) had symptoms.
Conclusions: Reinfection is possible in individuals who had primary infection with COVID-19. Reinfection can be symptomatically more severe. So regardless of history of infection with COVID-19 all individuals must strictly adhere to Covid protocol.
Compliance to post-exposure prophylaxis among patients attending anti-rabies vaccination clinic in a tertiary health care centre in central India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sastry Nidhi P. , Deshmukh Jyotsna S. , Jadhao Ashok R. , M. Kalaivani , Solanki Manisha D. , Nitnaware Vihangi V.
Published: July 2023

Background: Rabies is a fatal but vaccine-preventable disease. Prevention of rabies in exposed individuals is possible by providing them with the proper post-exposure prophylaxis. This study aims to assess the compliance to post-exposure prophylaxis in animal bite cases and factors associated with it.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between September 2022 to November 2022 using a predesigned, pretested proforma to interview 300 patients attending anti-rabies vaccination clinic in a tertiary health care centre in central India.
Results: Majority of the patients 268 (89.3%) suffered category 3 animal bite and 32 (10.7%) patients suffered category 2 animal bite. 125 (41.7%) patients washed the wound with water, soap and applied antiseptic. 234 (78%) patients completed their last dose of anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) while compliance to Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG) was seen in 167 (63.3%) patients of all cases requiring it. Out of all the patients who took Equine RIG, 7 (4.5%) showed hypersensitivity reactions. Significant association was found between compliance to ARV with type of animal and status of animal after 10 days; and compliance to RIG with gender, socio-economic status, type of animal and type of wound.
Conclusions: Compliance to ARV and RIG in our study was 78% and 63.3% respectively. Major reason for poor compliance to RIG was the price of immunoglobulin. Health education regarding significance of post-exposure prophylaxis is needed among the population.
Healthier mind builds healthier nation under ABArK
Authors: G. D. Gagana , Shastri Suresh G. , P. K. Srinivas , S. Pooja , J. Murugesh , Rajani Parthasarathy  , Devyani Azad , Rathore Himani , N. Shivashankara , D. Randeep
Published: July 2023

Background: The State of Karnataka launched a scheme called “Arogya Karnataka” as a part of universal health coverage following the Karnataka Integrated Public Health Policy 2017 and Karnataka Vision 2025 document. With the goal of achieving universal health coverage (UHC), Karnataka, a national leader in healthcare, launched the Arogya Karnataka scheme in March 2018.  It was later integrated with the government  of  India's  national  health protection  scheme Ayushman  Bharat  Pradhan  Mantri  Jan  Arogya  Yojana(AB-PMJAY)  to  help  with  financial protection. Mental health, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), refers to “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data collected from the State Health Agency, Suvarna Arogya Suraksha Trust (SAST) portal. The study was conducted for a period 12 months from January to December 2022.
Results: The study included 7292 mental disorder patients, majority of were male (70.95%), having age group of 31-45 years (45.41%), and belonged to the Below poverty line (BPL) (94.54%). Majority of cases were psychoactive substance use (64%) followed by Schizophrenia (22%) and Mental Retardation (14%).
Conclusions: Ayushman Bharat –PM-JAY Arogya Karnataka (AB-PMJAY ArK) has potential to reduce the out of pocket expenditure, distress financing and reduce catastrophic health expenditure which will lead to significant impact on health indices.
Contribution of mid-day meal scheme to students nutrition in Bengaluru, India: time to re-look
Authors: P. K. Sreenath Menon , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , M. D. Sangeetha
Published: July 2023

Background: The mid-day meal scheme (MDMS) in India is the world’s largest free school lunch program. In 2021, the scheme was renamed as PM-POSHAN (Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakthi Nirman). We conducted a study to quantify the routine daily dietary intake of school children with reference to calorie and protein intake and assess the proportion of calorie and protein intake from mid-day meals compared to routine daily intake.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in select five government schools of urban area of Bengaluru. From each school, a sample of 69 students (23 from each class i.e., 5th, 6th, and 7th standard) were selected using a computer-generated random number table amounting to a total sample size of 345. All the data were collected in a structured proforma and electronically entered using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Epidata analysis software, version 3.1.
Results: Our study findings revealed that nearly 1 in 3.6 children have protein deficiency routinely in their diet and 1 in 7.5 children have both protein plus calorie deficiency.
Conclusions: Our study has the following programmatic implications: first, the protein deficiency among the school children in the age group 9 to 14 is considerably high. Second, it is imperative to evaluate the quality of food distributed to the schools and children at regular point of time. It is also necessary that the food served to the children should be customized to their taste and it should be locally accepted.
Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Bukhsh Ayman Thafar , Alzaid Sarah Abdullah , Alshawaf Hussain Tawfiq , Asiri Mohammed Abdullah , Nayyaz Ammar Abdulaziz , Alfaifi Asma Ali , Aldail Saad Awdah , Almotairi Tail Alhumaidi , Al Bu kafitah Ali Ahmed , Alqahtani Saud Ali , Almoslamany Abdulaziz Mohammed
Published: July 2023

When cartilage-like tissue is present in the synovial membrane of joints, it is known as synovial chondromatosis (SC). The main cause is believed to be the metaplasia of embryonal mesenchymal tissue in the synovial membrane. The metaplastic foci grow within the joint space and can detach from the synovial wall, forming free-floating bodies. While SC is more commonly associated with trauma in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the exact relationship between trauma and SC remains unclear. Improved diagnostic techniques, such as CT and MRI, have led to increased recognition of SC in the TMJ. Gender differences in the prevalence of TMJ SC have been observed, with women being more affected. Diagnosis involves imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and surgical removal of loose bodies is the preferred treatment. Arthroscopy is recommended for small, isolated loose bodies, while open surgery may be necessary for complete removal. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence. Histopathological findings reveal a mixture of cartilage and bone, with ossification and calcification present.
The impact of dental operating microscopes on the success rates of endodontic treatments
Authors: Alshargawi Waleed K. , Almazrua Abdulaziz I. , Tobaigy Roaa A. , Alsagoor Wafqah H. , Almossaen Mohammad B. , Moafa Waleed M. , Alharbi Rahaf M. , Kehaili Ohud A. , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Alfaraj Hawra Z. , Zamim Khawlah A.
Published: July 2023

Recent advancements in dental technology, such as magnification devices like loupes and surgical microscopes, have greatly improved the accuracy and quality of root canal treatments. Dental operating microscopes (DOMs) have become widely accepted in endodontics, providing enhanced visualization and facilitating precise identification of anatomical landmarks, root canal orifices, and pulp remnants. The increased magnification and illumination offered by DOMs have improved treatment outcomes by enabling more efficient removal of bacteria, debris, and obturation materials from the root canal system. Studies have shown that the use of DOMs can significantly increase the success rates of endodontic treatments, allowing for the identification and treatment of even the smallest canals and anatomical variations. Additionally, DOMs enhance ergonomics, patient communication, and documentation in dental practice. However, challenges such as cost and limited office space hinder their widespread use. Increased education and awareness of the benefits of operating microscope utilization are essential for its broader adoption in endodontic procedures.
Co-creating sexual and reproductive health interventions with adolescents: the experience from Rajasthan
Authors: Mukherjee Ashish , Nair Amrutha , Ranjan Raghwesh
Published: July 2023

Despite a clear policy recognition of the need for special programmatic attention for adolescents to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health information and services, almost all existing programs in India face critical challenges in effectively delivering sexual and reproductive health information and services, which leads to early marriages and teenage pregnancies. Teenage pregnancies directly threaten women's sexual and reproductive health and well-being. States like Rajasthan with high adolescent pregnancy rates demand better solutions. IPE Global implemented project Udaan to reduce teenage pregnancies in the state, adopting a 360 degree approach. Improving Sexual and Reproductive Health was one of the critical components of the project, and a human-centred design method was adopted to co-create an effective sexual and reproductive health intervention relevant to the community. The human-centred design approach incorporated multiple steps, including formative research, iterations, prototyping and piloting. Five potential interventions emerged after a series of iterative explorations. The in-school SRH intervention has emerged as an excellent model of reaching adolescents effectively in culturally sensitive rural geographies in the evaluation of the pilot, which successfully covered over 10,800 adolescent boys and girls across 66 government high schools in the Bari block of Dholpur. An independent evaluation suggested a significant increase in the awareness of contraceptive methods in the intervention area from 24 per cent to 50 per cent. Contraceptive self-efficacy, a measure of girls' agency, increased by 18 per cent in the intervention area. Further, qualitative findings showed a significant improvement in SRH awareness and service utilization.
Оценка эффективности сбора информации в базе данных
Authors: Крехалев В.В.
Published: August 2023

При создании информационной системы основополагающим решением является выбор типа базы данных, который фактически означает выбор структуры данных. Структура данных – теоретическое понятие, не имеющее точного и простого определения. Интуитивно еѐ можно определить как способ упорядочивания данных, при котором они фрагментируются, типизируются, выявляются логические связи между ними, с целью оптимизировать их хранение и обработку. То есть структура определятся набором и качественными параметрами функций, с помощью которых будет происходить оперирование данными. Проведѐм анализ эффективности работы алгоритмов с данными в реляционной базе данных и в МУОРБД.
Использование сквозных технологий в системе электронного документооборота
Authors: Перова М.В , Семенов Р.Ю , Русоцкий Н.Г
Published: August 2023

В данной работе проводится анализ электронного документооборота и нормативноправовой базы для обеспечения внедрения сквозных технологий в эту сферу деятельности. Анализируется использование сквозных технологий, позволяющих автоматизировать процессы, связанные с документацией, ускорить их обработку и снизить вероятность ошибок
Проблемы использования систем электронного документооборота на предприятиях малого бизнеса
Authors: Титова А.С. , Ляшко М.А
Published: August 2023

В связи с изменением экономической ситуации и усилением цифровизации общества, стало необходимым обеспечить доступность СЭД всем субъектам предпринимательства. Представленная исследовательская работа посвящена рассмотрению барьеров внедрения систем электронного документооборота малым и средним бизнесом. Также, сформулированы решения существующих проблем на основе анализа современного рынка СЭД.
Новые технологии в обучении математике
Authors: Есимбекова . А.Ж
Published: August 2023

В статье рассматриваются методы применения современных технологий в обучении математике