bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Opinion Mining Approach for Drug Reviews in Spanish
Authors: Castro-Pérez Karina , Sánchez-Cervantes José Luis , Salas-Zárate María del Pilar , Bustos-López Maritza , Rodríguez-Mazahua Lisbeth
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the application of opinion mining has increased as a boom and growth of social media and blogs on the web, and these sources generate a large volume of unstructured data; therefore, a manual review is not feasible. For this reason, it has become necessary to apply web scraping and opinion mining techniques, two primary processes that help to obtain and summarize the data. Opinion mining, among its various areas of application, stands out for its essential contribution in the context of healthcare, especially for pharmacovigilance, because it allows finding adverse drug events omitted by the pharmaceutical companies. This chapter proposes a hybrid approach that uses semantics and machine learning for an opinion mining-analysis system by applying natural-language-processing techniques for the detection of drug polarity for chronic-degenerative diseases, available in blogs and specialized websites in the Spanish language.
Improvisation of Cleaning Process on Tweets for Opinion Mining
Authors: Grover Arpita , Kumar Pardeep , Garg Kanwal
Published: July 2022

In the current scenario, high accessibility to computational facilities encourage generation of a large volume of electronic data. Expansion of the data has persuaded researchers towards critical analyzation so as to extract the maximum possible patterns for wiser decisiveness. Such analysis requires curtailing of text to a better structured format by pre-processing. This scrutiny focuses on implementing pre-processing in two major steps for textual data generated by dint of Twitter API. A NoSQL, document-based database named as MongoDB is used for accumulating raw data. Thereafter, cleaning followed by data transformation is executed on accumulated tweets related to Narender Modi, Honorable Prime Minister of India.
Hybrid Approach for Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Posts Using a Dictionary-based Approach and Fuzzy Logic Methods
Authors: Alharbi Jamilah Rabeh , Alhalabi Wadee S.
Published: July 2022

Recently, sentiment analysis of social media has become a hot topic because of the huge amount of information that is provided in these networks. Twitter is a popular social media application offers businesses and government the opportunities to share and acquire information. This article proposes a technique that aims at measuring customers' satisfaction with cloud service providers, based on their tweets. Existing techniques focused on classifying sentimental text as either positive or negative, while the proposed technique classifies the tweets into five categories to provide better information. A hybrid approach of dictionary-based and Fuzzy Inference Process (FIP) is developed for this purpose. This direction was selected for its advantages and flexibility in addressing complex problems, using terms that reflect on human behaviors and experiences. The proposed hybrid-based technique used fuzzy systems in order to accurately identify the sentiment of the input text while addressing the challenges that are facing sentiment analysis using various fuzzy parameters.
Ontology-Based Opinion Mining for Online Product Reviews
Authors: Siddiqui Farheen , Agarwal Parul
Published: July 2022

In this chapter, the authors work at the feature level opinion mining and make a user-centric selection of each feature. Then they preprocess the data using techniques like sentence splitting, stemming, and many more. Ontology plays an important role in annotating documents with metadata, improving the performance of information extraction and reasoning, and making data interoperable between different applications. In order to build ontology in the method, the authors use (product) domain ontology, ConceptNet, and word net databases. They discuss the current approaches being used for the same by an extensive literature survey. In addition, an approach used for ontology-based mining is proposed and exploited using a product as a case study. This is supported by implementation. The chapter concludes with results and discussion.
A Study and Comparison of Sentiment Analysis Techniques Using Demonetization
Authors: Mohbey Krishna Kumar , Bakariya Brijesh , Kalal Vishakha
Published: July 2022

Sentiment analysis is an analytical approach that is used for text analysis. The aim of sentiment analysis is to determine the opinion and subjectivity of any opinion, review, or tweet. The aim of this chapter is to study and compare some of the techniques used to classify opinions using sentiment analysis. In this chapter, different techniques of sentiment analysis have been discussed with the case study of demonetization in India during 2016. Based on the sentiment analysis, people's opinion can be classified on different polarities such as positive, negative, or neutral. These techniques will be classified on different categories based on size of data, document type, and availability. In addition, this chapter also discusses various applications of sentiment analysis techniques in different domains.
An Overview of Methodologies and Challenges in Sentiment Analysis on Social Networks
Authors: Salunkhe Aditya Suresh , Chavan Pallavi Vijay
Published: July 2022

The expeditious increase in the adoption of social media over the last decade, determining and analyzing the attitude and opinion of masses related to a particular entity, has gained quite an importance. With the landing of the Web 2.0, many internet products like blogs, community chatrooms, forums, microblog are serving as a platform for people to express themselves. Such opinion is found in the form of messages, user-comments, news articles, personal blogs, tweets, surveys, status updates, etc. With sentiment analysis, it is possible to eliminate the need to manually going through each and every user comment by focusing on the contextual polarity of the text. Analyzing the sentiments could serve a number of applications like advertisements, recommendations, quality analysis, monetization provided on the web services, real-time analysis of data, analyzing notions related to candidates during election campaign, etc.
Recommendation and Sentiment Analysis Based on Consumer Review and Rating
Authors: Ni Pin , Li Yuming , Chang Victor
Published: July 2022

Accurate analysis and recommendation on products based on online reviews and rating data play an important role in precisely targeting suitable consumer segmentations and therefore can promote merchandise sales. This study uses a recommendation and sentiment classification model for analyzing the data of beer product based on online beer reviews and rating dataset of beer products and uses them to improve the recommendation performance of the recommendation model for different customer needs. Among them, the beer recommendation is based on rating data; 10 classification models are compared in text sentiment analysis, including the conventional machine learning models and deep learning models. Combining the two analyses can increase the credibility of the recommended beer and help increase beer sales. The experiment proves that this method can filter the products with more negative reviews in the recommendation algorithm and improve user acceptance.
Role of Educational Data Mining in Student Learning Processes With Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Amala Jayanthi M.  , Shanthi I. Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Educational data mining is a research field that is used to enhance education system. Research studies using educational data mining are in increase because of the knowledge acquired for decision making to enhance the education process by the information retrieved by machine learning processes. Sentiment analysis is one of the most involved research fields of data mining in natural language processing, web mining, and text mining. It plays a vital role in many areas such as management sciences and social sciences, including education. In education, investigating students' opinions, emotions using techniques of sentiment analysis can understand the students' feelings that students experience in academic, personal, and societal environments. This investigation with sentiment analysis helps the academicians and other stakeholders to understand their motive on education is online. This article intends to explore different theories on education, students' learning process, and to study different approaches of sentiment analysis academics.
A Sentiment Analysis of the 2014-15 Ebola Outbreak in the Media and Social Media
Authors: John Blooma , Baulch Bob , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: July 2022

The negative and unbalanced nature of media and social media coverage has amplified anxieties and fears about the Ebola outbreak. The authors analyse news articles on the Ebola outbreak from two leading news outlets, together with comments on the articles from a well-known social media platform, from March 2014 to July 2015. The volume of news articles was greatest between August 2014 and January 2015, with a spike in October 2014, and was driven by the few cases of transmission in Europe and the USA. Sentiment analysis reveals coverage and commentary on the small number of Ebola cases in Europe and the USA were much more extensive than coverage and commentary on the outbreak in West Africa. Articles expressing negative sentiments were more common in the USA and also received more comments than those expressing positive sentiments. The negative sentiments expressed in the media and social media amplified fears about an Ebola outbreak outside West Africa, which increased pressure for unwarranted and wasteful precautionary measures.
Reappraising Social Media
Authors: Kohle Friedrich H.
Published: July 2022

This chapter reappraises social media. The corporate perspective promises a growth market based on user data exploitation. On the other hand, users expect emotional contagion and authenticity from their social media experience. They want to connect to friends and family. As a consequence, users accept corporate exploitation of their data. Users see social media as a human right. To users, the technology is key to global knowledge dissemination, with the potential to challenge traditional power structures resisting change. Building on Obar and Wildman, the chapter concludes with an improved definition of social media suggesting that user data tagged to user accounts, user generated content (UGC), and user behavior in the multi-device universe is the lifeblood of social media. Research suggests that social media has propelled mankind beyond McLuhan's global village into the global digital family.
The Effects of Virtual Likes on Self-Esteem
Authors: Desjarlais Malinda
Published: July 2022

Social networking sites offer opportunities for users to express themselves and receive immediate feedback in the form of virtual likes. Adolescents place a great deal of value on the number of likes, regarding them as indicators of peer acceptance and support. Since peer feedback and social comparison are integral to adolescents' self-evaluations, the aim of the current chapter is to determine whether self-esteem is sensitive to the number of likes associated with their own (peer feedback) and others' posts (social comparison). The synthesis of literature indicates that self-esteem is responsive to indicators of one's value to others as well as the value of others, supporting the sociometer and social comparison theories. Indications of liking online serve to enhance self-esteem, whereas rejection deflates it. In addition, seeing others get many likes negatively impacts viewers' self-esteem. The gaps in the literature are discussed and future research is suggested.
Clinical Topics in Social Media
Authors: Joseph Jessica J. , Florea Diana
Published: July 2022

The overall objective of the proposed chapter is to increase the reader's understanding of the role that social media plays in self-disclosing information about ourselves in the development of friendships and identity, as well as explore these themes in a clinical context. As such, readers will gain knowledge regarding the relations between self-disclosing on social media sites and the ensuing friendship and identity development that occurs, the extension of the research findings to clinical populations, and the questions that still remain unanswered. This information may be useful for the advancement of research, policy development, mental health programs, parenting, and education.
Psychological Impact and Assessment of Youth for the Use of Social Network
Authors: Jain Sapna , Alam M. Afshar , Kazmi Niloufer Adil
Published: July 2022

This chapter dissects the effect of online life on each youngster in both the negative and positive bearing of their development utilizing the social impact hypothesis. Reliance of youth via web-based networking media has both negative and beneficial outcomes. This hypothesis portrays social effect concerning social power handle that encroach upon us, pushing us to think or keep thinking about a specific goal. These social powers have been stood out from physical powers that control the transmission of light, solid, gravity, interest, and so forth. The discoveries uncovered that the utilization of internet-based life impacts adolescent conduct when contrasted with positive aspects. This study shows a connection among contradictory and imaginative qualities of online life and displays roads for future investigations by encouraging a superior comprehension of electronic interpersonal organization use. In the chapter, the social effect felt by a person as a component of the quality, instantaneousness, and number of source people is exhibited and examined.
Development and Validation of the Social Media Self-Esteem Scale for Adolescents
Authors: Rao Devanshi Sudhindar , Kumar Aneesh
Published: July 2022

Development of the self is a vital aspect during the period of adolescence. Interaction with peers contributes to the development of various aspects of self. Due to the technological advances in today's times, adolescents interact with their peers through social media sites and portals. It is essential to study this development in light of the increasing use of social media by adolescence. Thus, the study aimed at developing an item pool to tap the construct of social media influencing self-esteem of adolescents following the procedure of tool construction. Participants included adolescents ranging between 16 to 18 years of age, who have at least one social media account for personal use. There were 110 participants for the first phase and 397 participants for the second phase of the study. The scale has eight items with the overall reliability of .7. It indicates a fitting measure of self-esteem influenced by social media, with looking-glass self theory, according to which individuals develop their self, based on their perceptions of others responses to their behaviour.
A Study of Networking and Information Exchange Factors Influencing User Participation in Niche Social Networking Sites
Authors: Osorio Carlos Andres , Papagiannidis Savvas
Published: July 2022

This article tests a number of networking and information exchange factors that may influence users' participation in niche social networking sites (SNS). The factors identified in the literature review as influential for participation in social networking sites were implemented in a model tested using quantitative data from 152 users. Gratifications related to socialising, self-status seeking, social support, and learning and innovativeness were identified as significant for participating in niche SNS. As only a subset of the general purpose SNS gratifications were found to be of statistical significance for niche sites, it is suggested that further research that includes a wider set of factors is necessary to determine the similarities and differences between gratifications influencing participation in general purpose and niche SNS.
Participation in Online Social Networks
Authors: Angiani Giulio , Fornacciari Paolo , Iotti Eleonora , Mordonini Monica , Tomaiuolo Michele
Published: July 2022

Why and how more and more people get involved and use social networking systems are critical topics in social network analysis (SNA). As a matter of fact, social networking systems bring online a growing number of acquaintances, for many different purposes. Both business interests and personal recreational goals are motivations for using online social networks (OSN) or other social networking systems. The participation in social networks is a phenomenon which has been studied with several theories, and SNA is useful for common business problems, e.g., launching distributed teams, retaining people with vital knowledge for the organization, improving access to knowledge and spreading ideas and innovation. Nevertheless, there are some difficulties, such as anti-social behaviors of participants, lack of incentives, organizational costs and risks. In this article, a survey of the basic features of SNA, participation theories and models are discussed, with emphasis on social capital, information spreading, motivations for participation, and anti-social behaviors of social network users.
Identity Design and Identities Exhibited in Social Networks
Authors: Sönmez Mehmet Ferhat
Published: July 2022

Identity emerges as a flexible, multidimensional, variable, and slippery concept that cannot be defined through the processes of discussion and understanding. The new construction area of this concept, which is regarded as a process constructed on the social plane, is the social networking platforms. This is because these platforms are the most common communication environments where people and their lifestyles are presented to the outside world, in addition to the cheap and rapid satisfaction of their needs for information and entertainment. Face-to-face communication and language practices are not sufficient enough in the identity presentation anymore. Individuals choose to design and update their identities through social networks and to perform an image-based identity manifestation. This chapter examines how identity was established and manifested through social networks, and analyzes the identities the popular people in these networks designed and exhibited.
Users Holding Accounts on Multiple Online Social Networks
Authors: Bouraga Sarah , Jureta Ivan , Faulkner Stéphane
Published: July 2022

The last decade has seen an increasing number of online social network (OSN) users. As they grew more and more popular over the years, OSNs became also more and more profitable. Indeed, users share a considerable amount of personal information on these sites, both intentionally and unintentionally. And thanks to this enormous user base, social networks are able to generate recommendations, attract numerous advertisers, and sell data to companies. This situation has sparked a lot of interest in the research community. Indeed, users grow more uncomfortable with the idea that they do not have full control over their own data. The lack of control can even be amplified when a user holds an account on various OSNs. The data she shares is then spread over multiple platforms. This chapter addresses the notion of portable profile, which could help users to gain more control or more awareness of the data collected about her. In this chapter, the authors discuss the advantages and drawbacks of a portable profile. Secondly, they propose a conceptual model for the data in this unified profile.
At the Mercy of Facebook
Authors: Akella Nirupama R.
Published: July 2022

This chapter is a meta-analysis of teen brain research and social media technology such as Facebook that could result in spiraling rates of teenage pregnancy. The author discusses contemporary theories of brain circuitry including teen brain structure and function as one of the plausible reasons for rising teenage pregnancy rates. The author argues that the challenge is to control the quality and influence of Facebook on teen behaviors, actions, and decisions to minimize the growing influence of social networking sites. In the conclusive section of the chapter, the author focuses on the expansion and extension of instructional and non-instructional physical activities, exergames, and active video games strategies to control the quality and influence of Facebook content by presenting research that advocates use of such activities and games within the Facebook interface. The author ends the chapter by mapping a future research direction of cross-cultural empirical investigation. The author wraps the chapter with a summative conclusion.
Collaborative Social Networks
Authors: Chen Yulin
Published: July 2022

This article investigates the relationships between the motivation, cognition, and behavior of knowledge management. It analyzes university students preparing to share content on the Tamshui Humanities Knowledge Collaboration System (hereafter referred to as the Tamshui Wiki) to determine whether different participation motivation dimensions (community motivation and personal motivation) affected their knowledge management cognition and behavior. The stimulus–organism–response theory is adopted to assess the relationships between several intrinsic cognition (knowledge management and community reputation) and behavior (attention, interest, action, and share) dimensions. A total of 364 valid samples are collected. Correlation analysis and regression analysis are adopted for statistical calculation. Findings reveal that the participation willingness and community motivation of the students had a greater effect on their knowledge management cognition than personal motivation. Frequent users of Wikipedia were approving of knowledge collaboration and able to link cognition with behavior.
Delete, Delete, Hang-Up
Authors: Mann Bruce L.
Published: July 2022

Whereas most members of social media are enthusiastically exercising their legal right to express themselves freely, some seem unwilling or incapable of assessing the high risk of disclosing information about their most private thoughts, interests, opinions, work, and health status, particularly in times of psychological distress or personal tragedy. This chapter updates criminal activity associated with frequent use of social media. Some believe that the conceptual elasticity of the term “cyberbullying” has been used to push for a tougher crime agenda, while obscuring tragedy of the suicides in Canadian federal parliamentary debates.
Classifying the Influential Individuals in Multi-Layer Social Networks
Authors: Mittal Ruchi , Bhatia M.P.S
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, social media is one of the popular modes of interaction and information diffusion. It is commonly found that the main source of information diffusion is done by some entities and such entities are also called as influencers. An influencer is an entity or individual who has the ability to influence others because of his/her relationship or connection with his/her audience. In this article, we propose a methodology to classify influencers from multi-layer social networks. A multi-layer social network is the same as a single layer social network depict that it includes multiple properties of a node and modeled them into multiple layers. The proposed methodology is a fusion of machine learning techniques (SVM, neural networks and so on) with centrality measures. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm on some real-life networks to validate the effectiveness of the approach in multi-layer systems.
The Culture of Volunteerism and the Role of Social Media in its Development
Authors: Akel Maged , Mohammad Osama
Published: July 2022

Volunteering is one of the various social activities that human societies have known and practiced since their inception. It is not the outcome of the last decades of the life of these societies, but it was present in almost every human civilization in its various forms and methods. Voluntary work is of great importance as far as individuals and societies are concerned. It is a symbol of solidarity among the members of the community and all its institutions. It positively affects people's lives as well as the community at large. It symbolizes the meanings of good, giving, and help. Accordingly, volunteering has become a cornerstone in building society and social cohesion among its members. In this regard, voluntary work is of great importance. It necessitates the need to spread this culture in the society and to promote and develop volunteerism among young people using all available and possible methods.
Detection and Prevention of Twitter Users with Suicidal Self-Harm Behavior
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Recently, with the development of communication means such as 4G and the rapid growth of the use of mobile devices (smartphones and tablets) the number of twitter users has increased exponentially. By the end of 2018 Twitter had 321 million active users with over 600 million tweets every day. However, all this information will have no use if we cannot access the meaning it carries. The authors' idea is to identify Twitter users with suicidal or self-harm behaviors by analyzing their tweets using an algorithm inspired from the social life of Asian elephants. The objective is to prevent the situations of depressions, threats of suicide or any other form of self-destructive behavior that exists on Twitter.
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to Analyse Mental Behaviour in Social Media
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed
Published: July 2022

A recent British study of people between the ages of 14 and 35 has shown that social media has a negative impact on mental health. The purpose of the paper is to detect people with mental disorders' behaviour in social media in order to help Twitter users in overcoming their mental health problems such as anxiety, phobia, depression, paranoia. The authors have adapted the recurrent neural network (RNN) in order to prevent the situations of threats, suicide, loneliness, or any other form of psychological problem through the analysis of tweets. The obtained results were validated by different experimental measures such as f-measure, recall, precision, entropy, accuracy. The RNN gives best results with 85% of accuracy compared to other techniques in literature such as social cockroaches, decision tree, and naïve Bayes.
Commercial Use of Mobile Social Media and Social Relationship
Authors: Zhenhui Li , Sulei Dai
Published: July 2022

China is well known for its wide and increasing commercial use of mobile social media for various purposes in different areas, ranging from online shopping to social networking. Such a popular commercial use was insightfully examined in relation to social relationship in the age of mobile internet, which enables people of either weak or strong connections to socialize anywhere anytime, leading to scenarios where mobile social media can be leveraged for profits. In what way can user experiences be guaranteed while platforms' value-added targets be achieved at the same time? In addressing that question, the authors of this chapter examined the commercial use of mobile social media in the context of complicated social networks. It is expected from the editor that further studies are to be carried out to comprehensively and comparatively examine the same topic in different countries or cultures.
The Effect of Social Networks on Relationships Outside the Network
Authors: Seifert Tami , Miara Idit
Published: July 2022

This chapter examines the impact of three different aspects of romantic discourse on social networks: romance, identity, and privacy. Qualitative research focused on the influence of the social networks on the opinions and interpersonal behavior of 11 single academics, aged 30-45 years old, men and women who used Facebook as a means for meeting potential romantic partners. The research employed semi-structured in-depth interviews to elicit qualitative data. Results indicate that an intimate, romantic setting cannot exist on the social network. Most users enhanced their identity in order to appear more attractive online. Most of the interviewees clearly felt that they needed to control the exposure of their personal details, and there was a clear indication that privacy does not exist online: it seems to be impossible to limit exposure of the published contents to specific selected audiences. Online romantic relationships are a metonymy for rapidly changing values and social norms in a dynamic global reality.
Understanding Users' Switching Between Social Media Platforms
Authors: Zhou Tao
Published: July 2022

Social media such as micro-blogs and social networking sites are popular among users. Due to the intense competition, it is crucial for social media platforms to attract users and retain them. The purpose of this paper is to draw on the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model to examine users' switching between social media platforms. The results indicated that identification, perceived usefulness, dissatisfaction, privacy concern, and social influence significantly affect switching intention. In addition, social influence has a positive moderation effect on switching intention. The results imply that social media platforms need to consider the effect of push, pull, and mooring factors in order to prevent users' switching behaviour.
Social Media Consumption Among Kenyans
Authors: Wamuyu Patrick Kanyi
Published: July 2022

Despite the growing popularity of social media among Kenyans, there is limited baseline data on the consumption of these platforms by different Kenyan communities based on demographics such as age, gender, education, income, and geolocation. The study set out to fill this gap through a baseline survey on social media consumption in Kenya. The study used a mixed-method approach, involving a survey of 3,269 respondents and 37 focus group discussions. The social media platforms in use are WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Snapchat. However, the use of social media differs by demographics. Kenyans use social media for entertainment, education, jobs, politics, sports, and social issues. Most Kenyans access social media using phones for 1-3 hours daily. Motivations for using social media include the acquisition of information, entertainment, and social interactions. Most social media users have experienced fake news, cyberbullying, and bombardment with graphic images of sex and advertisements. Kenyans consider social media to be addictive, expensive, and time-wasting.
Navigating the Social Media Space for Māori and Indigenous Communities
Authors: Lee Maryann
Published: July 2022

This chapter explores how Māori and Indigenous communities are engaging in social media in ways that reflect their cultural aspirations and Indigenous ways of being. Social media provides opportunities for Indigenous people to represent an Indigenous worldview that encompasses cultural, political, and social preferences. Highlighted also in this chapter are the risks inherent within the use of social media for Māori and Indigenous communities: in ways in which the misrepresentation, commodification, and exploitation of Indigenous culture and traditions are amplified through the use of social media that support colonial ideologies and the ongoing practice of colonization.
Aesthetics Perceptions of Social Media Generations
Authors: Ünal Aylin Tutgun
Published: July 2022

This chapter aimed to investigate the online value and behavior transfer of generations who use social media with the phenomenon of aestheticization. By examining the social media generations' preferences, usage habits, the levels of acceptance of differences and the effects of social media use on the work life in the light of researches, generations' togetherness and differences on the online network are revealed. In social networks, generations can provide power by affecting each other's moods, and can easily impose violence, aggression, and power factors on others by making fun. When compared to older generations, the fact that young generations prefer social media environments that are with more photo and video sharing makes for them to produce/consume many emotions that have been made usual with aestheticization, especially the information that contains violence. At the end of this chapter, some suggestions are made including family communication and trust model named “5S+1M.”
Does Using Social Network Sites Reduce Depression and Promote Happiness?
Authors: Yu Sen-Chi
Published: July 2022

Positive interventions based on theories in positive psychology have proven effective in contributing to well-being. Although college students frequently use social networking sites, few studies have investigated the use of these sites to facilitate positive interventions. For this research, two positive interventions, photo diaries and the expression of gratitude, were developed and implemented in Facebook using a randomized controlled trial. 136 college students were recruited and randomly assigned them to one of two experimental groups or a control group. Results indicated that photo diary reduced depression during the posttest stage, and these effects continued during the follow up stage. Concerning happiness, the photo diary presented no significant effects in the posttest but did present significant effects in the follow up. Expression of gratitude showed no significant effects on happiness in the posttest but did show significant effects in the follow up. The results of the study demonstrate that social networking sites can be used to implement positive interventions.
Usage Behaviors on Snapchat, Instagram, and WhatsApp
Authors: Sultan Abdullah J.
Published: July 2022

The main objective of this research is to investigate usage behaviors of different age groups across popular social-media platforms and show what usage behavior is mostly utilized in each social media platform. A sample of 2,883 social media users was used to run a series of t-tests to support the research hypotheses. The findings show that young users (compared with old users) are more likely to use social media platforms for social and personal needs. In addition, across platform analyses indicate that users of WhatsApp (compared with Snapchat and Instagram) are more likely to use the platform for socially integrative needs (e.g., connecting with friends and family and talking), while Instagram and Snapchat users are more likely to use the platforms for affective needs (e.g., entertaining), personally integrative needs (e.g., enhancing self-expression and getting to know new people), tension release (e.g., escaping from boredom), and cognitive needs (e.g., seeking information). A more detailed analysis of age groups across the platforms are further discussed.
Pursuing Business Longevity
Authors: Millan-Tudela Luis A. , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Martínez-Falcó Javier , Sánchez-García Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Sustainable business is suffering an increasing demand by part of different stakeholders, especially those in the end of the value chain. One way to accomplish it is through a business longevity assessment model. If companies last in a sustainable way that is also recognizable, they will create value not only from an economic perspective but also from a social one. In this chapter, the authors expose the reasons why migrating from the main profit maximization goal to pursuing business longevity (survival in an adequate manner) may help to enhance sustainable development both inside and outside the organization, as well as some action proposals to achieve it.
Application of Sustainable Projects in the Paper Industry in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Alvarenga Wenderson dos Santos , França Sergio Luiz Braga , Zotes Luis Perez
Published: July 2022

This chapter analyzes the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risk management practices currently used in sustainable projects in the paper industry in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This is exploratory research in which a case study was carried out supported by structured interviews with 17 specialists who work in the main paper industries in Rio de Janeiro. The results indicate that the approaches of preliminary risk analysis, failure mode analysis, and WHAT–IF (WI) are the main practices used by the consulted managers. These practices are incomplete, in the search for convergence of objectives and expansion of the life cycle of products and processes, as they comprise industrial processes in a fragmented way, without systematically covering the entire life cycle of products or the socio-environmental interests of the community. Critical points for sustainable industrial projects were also pointed out as the possibility of a power outage in the global economy and society's lack of adaptability to the ongoing structural changes.
Understanding the Attitude-Behavior Gap in the Context of Green Consumption Behavior
Authors: Aygen Ispahi F. Gül
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to delineate the attitude-behavior gap phenomenon as it relates to green consumption behavior, an important component of environmental sustainability considerations. After a brief introduction to the topic, a number of possible explanations for the gap are reviewed. Some of the viable steps to overcome the associated problems—in light of various actions that can be taken by governments/public policy makers, environmental non-governmental organizations, the business sector, and individual consumers—are considered in the discussion section. Suggestions for future research and some concluding remarks follow, which, altogether, try to shed some light on the issue and hence encourage consumers be more involved—rather than just concerned—with the environmental betterment of the planet.
Strategic Responses of the Organization to the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Deren Aldona Malgorzata , Skonieczny Jan
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to present a model of strategies that, on the one hand, are to prevent the spread of the crisis and, on the other hand, limit its negative effects and prepare the organization for a further escalation of the pandemic as a result of the emergence of new variants of the SARS virus. These activities can help the organization stabilize its functioning, stop the spread of the crisis and limit its negative effects, and prepare the company for a further escalation of the pandemic (long COVID-19). On the basis of literature studies and research reports and actions taken by organizations in the conditions of the crisis caused by COVID-19 were distinguished. These activities were analyzed, which allowed the presentation of a strategy model (resilience strategy, long-term strategy, HR strategy) that can be used within the organization to deal with a pandemic crisis.
Recruitment During a Pandemic
Authors: Gameiro Marta , Ribeiro Neuza , Gomes Daniel Roque
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the recruitment processes, more specifically, to understand the types and forms of recruitment practiced by companies, how they were affected by COVID-19, and what procedures were adopted during the pandemic. It also aims to identify the most valued soft skills and the future perspective in terms of recruitment in a post-pandemic period. The study was carried out using a qualitative methodology based on seven structured interviews with HR managers from Portuguese companies. The analysis of the interviews concluded that external recruitment is the most identified option in both periods before the pandemic and during. External recruitment favours social and professional networks, especially Facebook and LinkedIn. Respondents assumed that, in both phases, the use of job search websites is the most successful external recruitment technique. In relation to soft skills, with the pandemic, companies began to particularly value flexibility and resilience.
Human Resources Management's Predominant Role in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Işık İdil , Yücel Betül , Özbudak Esin Çetin
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic changed existing and future work settings by putting flexible working options on the business agenda. The transition to flexible working has been a painful process for some organizations while integrating it into daily work practices has been relatively straightforward for others. This chapter will display data from a project carried out in Turkey during the lockdown period. The qualitative phase highlights the crucial role of human resources management in sustaining the employees and organizations under the conditions of pandemics. In this regard, the chapter will elaborate how human resources management functions adapted for a smooth transition to flexi-time-space models based on the experiences of 27 local and global organizations in Turkey. Digitalization and transformation of human resources functions, employee engagement and internal communication, performance management and employee-manager interrelations emerged as the master themes to scrutinize the ground-breaking shift to the alternative ways of working triggered by COVID-19.
Virtual Management During COVID-19
Authors: Bergum Svein
Published: July 2022

Before the pandemic, research on management at a distance, here called virtual management, was characterized by a “best practice approach” where there was little differentiation dependent on context. COVID-19 has meant that employees with insufficient competence and in unsuitable jobs must work remotely. A more context- or situation-oriented perspective on virtual management is therefore needed. The authors identify new characteristics of virtual management during the pandemic and identify relevant context factors. Another point marginally discussed in previous research is what kind of competence-developments leaders need post COVID-19. The research questions are answered through a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews of experts, such as consultants in new ways of working, together with interviews of experienced practitioners.
Telework as an Element That Leverages Professional Performance and Family Balance
Authors: Farinha João , Ascenso Loide Raquel
Published: July 2022

The aim of this chapter is to investigate how employees view telework as a tool for improving professional performance and family balance. According to the findings, teleworking and family balance improve professional success. “Is telework an aspect that leverages professional success and family balance?” was the research question. It was feasible to test and verify the effects of perceived teleworking on professional performance and family balance through teams and organizations. This conceptual study covers fundamentals of teleworking, the benefits and drawbacks, as well as the impact on professional performance and family balance. The literature review entails a thorough examination of papers from major scientific databases (e.g., Scopus, WoS). Quantitative methods are applied in the field approach (2020-2021). A survey was created and distributed through social media platforms to collect data (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn). The findings show a favourable association between the variables studied, as well as a good employee opinion of the impact of increased autonomy on telework performance.
Making Leadership Development Effective
Authors: Amah Okechukwu Ethelbert
Published: July 2022

The exploratory chapter discussed an important gap in the development of leaders. It identified the understanding of leadership and leadership mindset as hidden drivers of leadership behaviors rarely included in leadership development. The review identified four categories of leadership mindset that have varying effects on behavior: fixed/internal, fixed/external, growth/internal, and growth/external. The best mindset that drives positive leadership behaviors that lead to the creation of a positive work climate is the growth/external mindset. The chapter reviewed the role of values, understanding of human nature, the dignity of the human person, emotional intelligence, and leaders' core self-evaluation in the formation of the growth/external mindset. A future recommendation is the development of a scale for the mindsets and an empirical study aimed at establishing the differential effects of the mindsets on leadership behavior.
COVID-19 and Its Impact on the Psychological Contract of Employers and Employees
Authors: Cassar Vincent , Conway Neil , Tracz-Krupa Katarzyna , Przytula Sylwia , Navarro Reuben
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 has disturbed employment relationships. Twenty employers and 20 employees were interviewed to gain early insights into how the pandemic affected their psychological contract. Results suggested that both parties had divergent expectations of what each party should expect in the current scenario, and both reported intense, often negative, emotions about their current state. While no specific breaches of explicit promises were reported, employees reported violation of implicit beliefs relating to their needs for security. In addition, both parties' expectations differed about their future PC. Employees expected a deal that considers needs for security whereas employers emphasized business continuity by minimizing costs. Such incongruent current and future obligations between the parties suggest trust will be required to negotiate the employment relationship through the crisis. HRM practitioners will have a definite role to play by providing and initiating arrangements that will reconcile both parties' needs to ensure stable employment relationships for mutual benefits.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Human Resources Function for SME Owners
Authors: Naidoo Vannie
Published: July 2022

ICT in SME development, especially in the human resource function, is crucial to business growth and sustainability. During COVID-19, SMEs had to very quickly migrate to more digital platforms. COVID-19 affected the business arena world-wide, small businesses included. SMEs were very hard hit by COVID-19 because of the harsh lockdowns and shut downs by governments during the pandemic. Not all businesses in South Africa were allowed to operate during some of the Levels 5 and 4 and even 3 lockdowns. As more information was being filtered during 2020 by the World Health Organization, who provided direction on the pandemic, decisions were made by governments accordingly to keep their citizens safe and at home during the lockdowns so that the over-burdened medical sectors would not collapse. This chapter explores ICTs in SMEs, ICTs utilized in SME HR function, how ICTs impacted organizations during COVID-19, and how SMEs adopted to digitization and online-training to survive in a disruptive environment like the pandemic.
Impact of Organizational Culture on Performance during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ling Vivien Lim Siew , Dastane Omkar
Published: July 2022

This research-based chapter investigates the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance in the context of Malaysian healthcare industry during the COVID 19 pandemic. The study developed a framework based on Daniel Denison's organizational culture model with organizational culture as second order contrast comprised of factors namely adaptability, involvement, consistency, and mission. The data was collected from 202 healthcare professionals working in hospitals in Malaysia. Data collection was conducted using self-administered online questionnaire measuring items on Likert scale of 1-7. The data were purified and assessed for its reliability and normality using SPSS 22. This then was followed by confirmatory factor analysis, validity assessment and structural equation modelling using AMOS 24 software. The results of the research exhibited that the proposed model has appropriate fit and organizational culture has a direct strong positive impact on organizational performance.