bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein requirements of hair sheep raised in warm areas: a multi-study approach
Authors: Herbster Caio Julio Lima , de Sousa Mendes Marcilio , de Oliveira Alessandra Pinto , Marcondes Marcos Inácio , Rodrigues João Paulo Pacheco , da Silva Luciano Pinheiro , Santos Stefanie Alvarenga , de Almeida Teixeira Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina , Azevêdo José Augusto Gomes , Pereira Elzania Sales
Published: October 2022

The protein requirements of hair sheep are a key factor in increasing profitability and decreasing the environmental impacts of nitrogen excretion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein requirements of hair sheep. A database with 382 individual records (269 intact and 113 castrated males) comprising information from 11 studies was used. The studies provided different levels of metabolisable protein intake (MPI) and of N retention, allowing the development of equations to predict the net protein (NP) and the metabolisable protein (MP) requirements. The efficiency of MP use for gain (kpg) was calculated using the equation of daily protein retained against daily MPI above maintenance. The efficiency of MP use for maintenance (kpm) was computed as the ratio between the NP for maintenance (NPm) and the MP for maintenance (MPm). The NPm (1.32 g/kg0.75EBW) did not differ between sex. Thekpmwas 0.34, and thekpgwas 0.25. The MPm estimated was 3.21 g/kg0.75BW. Sex affects the protein requirements for gain (NPg). The protein requirements of hair sheep differ from those recommended by feeding systems for sheep. The equations provided herein may improve the optimisation of protein nutrition of sheep, thereby minimising the environmental impacts of sheep production.
In situ crystallization of non-cotectic and foliated igneous rocks on a magma chamber floor
Authors: Kruger Willem , Latypov Rais
Published: October 2022

Layered mafic intrusions commonly contain non-cotectic, foliated igneous rocks that are traditionally attributed to processes involving settling, transport, and redeposition of crystals. Here we examine the chemistry of magnetitite layers of the Bushveld Complex using a portable XRF spectrometer on drill core and dissolution ICP-MS analysis on pure magnetite separates. While magnetitites contain foliated plagioclase grains in non-cotectic proportions, the magnetite is characterized by a regular upwards-depletion of Cr which is best explained by in situ crystallization. We suggest that plagioclase nucleation in thin residual compositional boundary layers atop a solidification front causes in situ growth of plagioclase in proportions much lower (<10%) than those expected from cotectic crystallization (±85%). Crystallization in such a boundary layer also favours lateral growth of the plagioclase, producing the foliation. We suggest that some non-cotectic, foliated rocks that are commonly interpreted to arise from gravity-induced sedimentary processes may instead be produced by in situ crystallization.
Pressurized N2 directly fed to the RuAu/CeO1.76 catalyst porous electrode in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer favoring electrochemical NH3 production
Authors: Tan Lianqiao , Wang Meng , Deng Mingming , Tong Cheng , Feng Xin , Liao Qiang , Wei Zidong
Published: October 2022

A high-performance electrolyzer for eNRR using PEM as electrolyte, in which the N2 is directly delivered to catalyst across a gas diffusion layer. The PEM electrolyzer achieved a remarkable eNRR activity, surpassing that in aqueous electrolyte.
Preparation of a single-phase all-solid-state battery via the crystallization of amorphous sodium vanadium phosphate
Authors: Inoishi Atsushi , Setoguchi Naoko , Okada Shigeto , Sakaebe Hikari
Published: October 2022

A single-phase all-solid-state battery was prepared from amorphous Na3V2(PO4)3 powder. It showed reasonable ionic conductivity and charge–discharge properties because of the density of the pellet.
Cluster-derived TiO2 nanocrystals with multiple carbon coupling for interfacial pseudo-capacitive lithium storage
Authors: Bi Xi , Chai Zhanli , Niu Yongjian , Feng Yangyang , Zhang Linlin , Wang Cheng
Published: October 2022

Well-defined TiO2 nanocrystals were prepared from an atomically precise wheel-like Ti8Ph cluster. Further carbon coating and graphene wrapping endowed the TiO2 with abundant three-phase interfaces, promoting pseudo-capacitive lithium storage.
High-valence chromium accelerated interface electron transfer for water oxidation
Authors: Kong Shaoxi , Lu Mengfei , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: October 2022

High-valence Cr ions at the interface between an alloy core and a reconstruction layer shell served as powerful electron acceptors, accelerating the electron transfer by means of the exchange effect of the Ni–O–Cr configuration.
Material and energy requirements of transport electrification
Authors: Pulido-Sánchez Daniel , Capellán-Pérez Iñigo , de Castro Carlos , Frechoso Fernando
Published: October 2022

Electric vehicles are characterized by low energy stored on energy invested (ESOI) levels and their spread will worsen the criticality of some minerals.
Development of the 3He mass spectrometric low-level tritium analytical facility at the IAEA
Authors: Mabry Jennifer , Romeo Nicolo , Kainz Gerhard , Copia Lorenzo , Masuda Harue , Matsumoto Takuya
Published: October 2022

This work will describe a system to quantify ultra-low-level tritium concentrations in ∼100 mL water samples. Tritium decays into 3He, thus we can take advantage of high sensitivity noble gas mass spectrometry.
Synthesis and bioactive evaluation of N-((1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acetamide derivatives as agents for inhibiting tubulin polymerization
Authors: Ren Aonan , Wei Wanxing , Liang Zhengcheng , Zhou Min , Liang Taoyuan , Zang Ning
Published: October 2022

Based on the inhibitory effect of CA-4 analogues and indoles on tubulin polymerization, we designed and synthesized a series of N-((1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl or triazolyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acetamides.
Synthesis of lipase-hydrogel microspheres and their application in deacidification of high-acid rice bran oil
Authors: Yin Yawen , Fei Xu , Tian Jing , Xu Longquan , Li Yao , Wang Yi
Published: October 2022

The main challenge of rice bran oil (RBO) as a highly nutritional edible oil is the high content of free fatty acids.
Enhanced alkaline bifunctional electrocatalytic water splitting achieved through N and S dual-doped carbon shell reinforced Co9S8microplates
Authors: Dar Mudasir , Majid Kowsar , Wahid Malik
Published: October 2022

Overall alkaline water splitting by carbon-coated cobalt pentlandite (Co9S8@NSC) microplates electrocatalyst.
Convenient multicomponent synthesis of furo[3,2-c]coumarins in the promoting medium DIPEAc and assessment of their therapeutic potential through in silico pharmacophore based target screening
Authors: Shaikh Shabnam M. , Yadav Vinay K. , Mali Ghanshyam , Bondle Giribala M. , Kumar Akhilesh , Erande Rohan D. , Bhattacharyya Sudipta , Bhosle Manisha R.
Published: October 2022

A one-pot three-component approach for the synthesis of dihydrofuro[3,2-c]coumarins was developed via the reaction of aryl/hetryl aldehydes, substituted phenacyl bromides and 4-hydroxycoumarin using N,N-diisopropyl ethyl ammonium acetate as the promoting medium.
Can the stereogenicity in aromatic/non-aromatic residues influence the mechanical integrity, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory preferences of auxin derivatized hydrogels?
Authors: Khan Naureen , Gupta Arindam , Shivhare Vaibhav , Ahuja Rishabh , Basu Anindya , DuttKonar Anita
Published: October 2022

The profound effect of chirality in the peptide sequence in driving the gelation strength, antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory potency, and selectivity is underpinned.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Bilayer aggregate microstructure determines viscoelasticity of lung surfactant suspensions”’ by J.-F. Berret, DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00653g
Authors: Ciutara Clara O. , Zasadzinski Joseph A.
Published: October 2022

This note discusses possible causes for the discrepancy between two studies and suggests that the local viscoelastic properties of a moderately dense suspension may differ from its bulk properties.
Frankenstein Cas9: engineering improved gene editing systems
Authors: Vos Pascal D. , Filipovska Aleksandra , Rackham Oliver
Published: October 2022

The discovery of CRISPR–Cas9 and its widespread use has revolutionised and propelled research in biological sciences. Although the ability to target Cas9's nuclease activity to specific sites via an easily designed guide RNA (gRNA) has made it an adaptable gene editing system, it has many characteristics that could be improved for use in biotechnology. Cas9 exhibits significant off-target activity and low on-target nuclease activity in certain contexts. Scientists have undertaken ambitious protein engineering campaigns to bypass these limitations, producing several promising variants of Cas9. Cas9 variants with improved and alternative activities provide exciting new tools to expand the scope and fidelity of future CRISPR applications.
Considerations for the Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Delivery Model
Authors: Sheffield Sterling W. , Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) introduced the Reauthorization Act that included provisions for self-fitting hearing aids to be sold over the counter in 2017, and in August 2022, the FDA published the final regulatory guidelines for the safety and efficacy of the devices. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and other professional organizations provided feedback to proposed regulations before they were finalized. This article updates hearing health care and related professionals on the history and state of hearing aid delivery models and addresses considerations for clinicians, physicians, and consumers.

Conclusions:

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) hearing devices can vary largely in quality and performance capability. Some might meet the finalized FDA safety and performance criteria for over-the-counter hearing aids and be able to provide accurate amplification for mild-to-moderate hearing loss but most likely cannot meet the needs of more severe hearing losses, for which they are not approved. Other DTC devices may not meet the FDA criteria and may not provide accurate amplification for many degrees of hearing loss. It is important that these devices are correctly advertised and marketed to those with hearing loss no worse than mild to moderate. Consumers and health care providers also need to know how to identify quality devices that can meet patients' hearing needs. The DTC hearing devices may be difficult to program; thus, manufacturers should provide support for consumers to properly fit these devices. Lastly, hearing health care professionals should take the time to verify that any current and soon-to-come DTC hearing devices can be useful for a given patient population.
A makespan minimization problem for versatile developers in the game industry
Authors: Su Chung-Ho , Wang Jen-Ya
Published: October 2022

Today, the development of a modern video game draws upon multiple areas of expertise. Moreover, its development cost could be as high as tens of millions of dollars. Consequently, we should carefully schedule its jobs so as not to increase the total cost. However, project leaders traditionally treat developers alike or even schedule all the jobs manually. In this study, we consider a versatile-developer scheduling problem. The objective is to minimize the makespan of a game project. We propose a branch-and-bound algorithm (B&B) to generate the optimal schedules for small problem instances. On the other hand, an imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is proposed to obtain approximate schedules for large problem instances. Lastly, computational experiments are conducted to show the performances of both algorithms. When the problem size is small (e.g., n ≤ 12), B&B can generate the optimal schedules within 5 s. For some large problem instances (e.g., n = 600), near-optimal schedules can be obtained by ICA within 10 min. The final results imply that both algorithms converge quickly and are of high solution quality.
Spinal- und Periduralanästhesie
Authors: Lang Marika
Published: October 2022

Da Patienten mit Regionalanästhesien wach sind, benötigen Anästhesie-Pflegende sowie ATA hier neben anästhesiologischen Fachkenntnissen auch viel Fingerspitzengefühl, um die Ängste und Sorgen der Patienten aufzufangen. Welche fachlichen und zwischenmenschlichen Aspekte bei der Spinal- und Periduralanästhesie zu beachten sind, erfahren Sie im CNE Schwerpunkt.
Personalrekrutierung – neue Wege gehen
Authors: Welk Ina
Published: October 2022

Aufgrund des Pflegenotstands müssen Kliniken sich als attraktiver Arbeitgeber präsentieren, um potenzielle Bewerberinnen und Bewerber anzusprechen. Wir verraten Ihnen, wie Sie mit Social Media Recruiting, Employer Branding und Active Sourcing die passenden Fachkräfte finden und binden.
Effects of Chronic Oral Administration of Midazolam on Memory and
Circadian Rhythms in Rats
Authors: Murphy Helen M. , Kalinina Anastasiya I. , Wideman Cyrilla H.
Published: October 2022

Studies have shown the ability of benzodiazepine drugs to cause memory loss in
animals and humans. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine commonly administered
intravenously during surgical procedures because it reacts rapidly, causes
anterograde amnesia, and has few side effects. It has also been used in
palliative medicine where, among others, an oral route has been employed for
chronic administration of the drug. The current study evaluated the effects of
chronic orally administered midazolam on spatial working memory and procedural
memory in control and experimental female rats over a three-week experimental
period utilizing the Morris water maze. Sample and test run times to a submerged
platform in the maze were recorded daily. In addition, activity wheels attached
to each cage were employed to monitor daily circadian activity of the animals.
Spatial working memory was not impaired in either group. However, procedural
memory amnesia occurred in animals receiving the drug indicative of a
consolidation or retrieval problem. Concerning circadian rhythms, a phase-shift
was noted in experimental animals possibly indicating that time of day of drug
administration is important. The findings of the present study could shed
insight into altered reactions observed in humans who have received midazolam as
a component of treatment in palliative medicine.
EUS-guided endoscopic internal drainage with lumen-apposing metal stent for symptomatic hepatic cysts: a case series (with video)
Authors: DʼErrico Francesca , Derhy Serge , Fazi Maurizio , Memeo Riccardo , Decembrino Francesco , De Palma Giovanni D. , Donatelli Gianfranco
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims Simple hepatic cysts (SHCs) are usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally. However, larger cysts may present with clinical signs and require treatment such as percutaneous aspiration or surgery with non negligeable rate of recurrence. We report a series of 13 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-guided lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) drainage of SHCs of the right and left liver.

Patients and methods Nine men and four women, average age 71.9 years, underwent EUS-guided LAMS cyst drainage because of significant symptoms. At 1 month, LAMS was exchanged for a double pigtail stent (DPS), which was left in place for 3 months. Nine of the SHCs were located in the right liver and four in the left. The average diameter was 22.2 cm.

Results Thirteen LAMS were successful delivered in all patients. However only 12 of 13 (92.3 %) remained in place. In one case, the LAMS slipped out immediately and was promptly removed and the cyst treated percutaneously. One of 12 patients experienced bleeding, which was treated conservatively. In seven patients, the LAMS was exchanged for a DPS; in the other five, it was successfully left in place until the patients died, given their comorbidities. At 10.5 months of follow-up, none of the SHCs had recurred.

Conclusions EUS-guided LAMS drainage permits treatment of symptomatic SHCs without recurrence and with few adverse events. Comparative studies are needed to consider this approach as first intention.
Validation studies on migraine diagnostic tools for use in nonclinical settings: a systematic review
Authors: Wei Du , Wong Li Ping , Loganathan Tharani , Tang Rong-Rui , Chang Yue , Zhou Han-Ni , Kaabar Mohammed K. A.
Published: October 2022

Background Migraine underdiagnosis and undertreatment are so widespread, that hence is essential to diagnose migraine sufferers in nonclinical settings. A systematic review of validation studies on migraine diagnostic tools applicable to nonclinical settings can help researchers and practitioners in tool selection decisions.

Objective To systematically review and critically assess published validation studies on migraine diagnostic tools for use in nonclinical settings, as well as to describe their diagnostic performance.

Methods A multidisciplinary workgroup followed transparent and systematic procedures to collaborate on this work. PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for studies up to January 17, 2022. The QUADAS-2 was employed to assess methodological quality, and the quality thresholds adopted by the Global Burden Disease study were used to tail signaling questions.

Results From 7,214 articles identified, a total of 27 studies examining 19 tools were eligible for inclusion. There has been no high-quality evidence to support any tool for use of migraine diagnosis in nonclinical settings. The diagnostic accuracy of the ID-migraine, structured headache and HARDSHIP questionnaires have been supported by moderate-quality evidence, with sensitivity and specificity above 70%. Of them, the HARDSHIP questionnaire has been the most extensively validated. The remaining 16 tools have provided poor-quality evidence for migraine diagnosis in nonclinical populations.

Conclusions Up till now, the HARDSHIP questionnaire is the optimal choice for diagnosing migraine in nonclinical settings, with satisfactory diagnostic accuracy supported by moderate methodological quality. This work reveals the crucial next step, which is further high-quality validation studies in diverse nonclinical population groups.
Differences in Surgery Classification and Indications for Peripartum Hysterectomy at a Major Academic Institution
Authors: Meeks Monica , Voegtline Kristin , Vaught Arthur J. , Lawson Shari M.
Published: October 2022

Objective Peripartum hysterectomy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality relative to elective gynecologic hysterectomy and its incidence has grown with the rising cesarean delivery rate. We sought to understand indications and perioperative outcomes for peripartum hysterectomy at our academic institution and to evaluate differences among racial/ethnic groups.

Study Design We performed a retrospective chart review of women at a tertiary care center who underwent delivery of a newborn and had a peripartum hysterectomy during the same admission between 2008 and 2018. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics of patients were compared with respect to patient's race/ethnic group.

Results A total of 112 hysterectomies were included in our study. White women undergoing peripartum hysterectomy were more likely to have had an elective/anticipated peripartum hysterectomy (vs. a nonelective/emergent peripartum hysterectomy) than Black women. There were racial differences detected in the indication for peripartum hysterectomy; White women were more likely to have abnormal placentation (75 vs. 54% in Black women, p = 0.036), whereas Black women were more likely to present with postpartum hemorrhage (27 vs. 2%, p = 0.002). Black women were also more likely to undergo reoperation after peripartum hysterectomy (15 vs. 2% in White women, p = 0.048). There were no differences in any other perioperative outcomes including blood transfusion, accidental laceration, and 30-day readmission.

Conclusion Differences exist among elective versus nonelective peripartum hysterectomy by race/ethnicity and in indications for peripartum hysterectomy by race/ethnicity. Further investigation should be performed to determine whether the differences identified are due to disparate management of atony/postpartum hemorrhage or inequitable referral patterns for suspected abnormal placentation by race/ethnicity.

Key Points
A Meta-Analysis of Migraine Treated with Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction
Authors: Chen Xueyan , Liu Zheyan , Zhang Jie , Chen Juanjuan , Qin Xiude , Jiang Feng
Published: October 2022

Objective Our objective was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in the treatment of migraine.

Methods The databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Databases, PubMed, and EMbase were searched by computer, and randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct meta quantitative analysis of the included studies.

Results A total of 19 studies were included, with a total sample size of 1,635 cases, 821 cases in the treatment group and 814 cases in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that (1) the clinical effective rate of the single use of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction or western medicine combined with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction in treating migraine was better than that of western medicine alone (p < 0.001); (2) the improvement in cumulative number and days of vertigo in the treatment of migraine with Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction was observed in the control group (p < 0.001). TSA results showed that Z-curve passed both the traditional threshold and Trial sequential analysis (TSA) threshold. In terms of adverse reactions, 55 cases were reported, including 12 cases in the treatment group and 43 cases in the control group, and no serious adverse reactions were found.

Conclusion Compared with the single use of western medicine therapy, the combination of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction and western medicine or the single use of Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction could better improve the effective rate and showed good safety and low incidence of adverse reactions.
The Mechanism of Action of Qihuang Jiangtang Capsule in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Ji Mengmeng , Yu Yanan , Wu Jiarui , Liu Jun , Jiang Yanhua , Jing Zhiwei
Published: October 2022

Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of Qihuang Jiangtang capsule (QHJTC) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Methods The active components of materia medica in the formula of QHJTC were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The targets related to the active components were obtained via PubChem database. The targets related to T2DM were retrieved through the GeneCards database. The targets corresponding to the active components and diabetes mellitus were uploaded to the Venn diagrams website to get the Venn diagram, and the intersecting targets were the potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM. The active components and potential targets were imported into Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the active component–potential target network, and the key compounds and targets were screened by the Network Analyzer module in the Tools module. The potential targets were imported into the STRING database to obtain the interaction relationships, so as to analyze and construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The intersecting targets were introduced into Metascape for gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The top 20 signaling pathways obtained by the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and the related targets and the corresponding targets were analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the “active component–important target-key pathway network ” for the intervention of T2DM with QHJTC. The molecular docking of active components and core targets was performed with AutoDock software.

Results A total of 237 active components and 281 related targets were obtained from QHJTC, as well as 1 362 T2DM targets and 155 potential targets of QHJTC in treating T2DM. There were 32 key components and 49 key targets identified by the active component–potential target network topology analysis. There were 471 terms obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis, among which 248 related to biological processes, 125 related to molecular functions, and 98 related to cellular components. There were 299 signaling pathways obtained from KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The active components of QHJTC were found spontaneously binding to the core targets.

Conclusions QHJTC can treat T2DM through multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways.
New Clinical Application of Chaihu Decoction
Authors: Huang Bo , Liu Yingfeng , Lyu Yajing
Published: October 2022

The classified prescriptions from Chaihu decoction have been widely used in ancient and modern times. In spite of many previous research studies, the extensiveness and diversity of their applications have not been systematically studied. The author applied Chaihu Wendan decoction to treat phlegm and qi stagnation in the middle energizer, applied Chaihu Guizhi decoction to treat simultaneous disease of Shaoyang and Taiyang, applied Chaihu Xiexin decoction to treat simultaneous disease of the spleen, stomach, liver, and gallbladder, applied Chaihu Ermiao powder to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyang and foot Taiyin, applied Chaihu Erchen decoction to treat simultaneous disease of Shaoyang and Taiyin, applied Chailing decoction to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyin and foot Taiyang, applied Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang decoction to treat Shaoyang and Taiyin cold fluid retention and heat stagnation syndrome of Shaoyang complicated with Taiyin, applied Chaihu Xingren decoction to treat simultaneous disease of hand Shaoyang and hand Taiyin, applied Chaihu Sanren decoction to treat the disease caused by damp-heat stagnation in the hand Shaoyang and the foot Taiyin, and applied Chaihu Ganlu Xiaodu pellet to treat the diseases of hand Shaoyang and foot Yangming. The effects were all remarkable.
Study of an air bubble curtain along a wall in water and radiated noise mitigation
Authors: Hilo Ali Kareem , Hong Ji-Woo , Kim Ki-Seong , Ahn Byoung-Kwon , Lee Jae-Hyuk , Shin Suyong , Moon Il-Sung
Published: October 2022

The injection of air bubbles into the liquid phase of a freestream flow has several impacts on the flow structure, which depends on the volume and size of the bubbles. This work experimentally investigates the characteristics of air bubble injection into freestream flow using three different injector models. The effects of the bubble curtain on the sound wave attention are studied. A wide range of air injection rates from 2 to 50 standard liters per minute is injected into the freestream water at Froude numbers (Fr) of 50.5, 70.7, and 90.9. The injector model is placed on the sidewall, which is where the bubble curtain is generated. High-speed cameras and an image processing technique are used to visualize and quantify the projected void fraction (PVF) of air bubbles. The sound measurement system consists of two hydrophones. The first hydrophone projects sound waves at discrete frequencies ranging from 17 to 50 kHz, and the second receives the transmitted sound waves. The bubble PVF is observed to increase with the air injection rate as the Froude number increases. There is no significant increment in the thickness of the bubbly curtain when the air injection rate or Froude number increases. The different air injector models produce various air bubble flow patterns, and model II provides the highest PVF. The bubble curtain greatly suppresses sound waves at all frequency ranges. However, the sound attenuation rate varies along the frequency range. The insertion loss increases depending on the PVF of the bubbles, freestream velocity, and frequency range. At a high Froude number of 90.9, the increased air injection rate does not affect the insertion loss. Model II has a relatively higher insertion loss rate at frequencies >26 kHz.
Theoretical and experimental investigation on local turbulence effect on mixed-lubrication journal bearing during speeding up
Authors: Lv Fangrui , Zhang Xinjie , Ji Cuicui , Rao Zhushi
Published: October 2022

Due to the relatively low load-carrying capacity, low-viscosity lubricated bearings can easily operate in a mixed-lubrication regime. Furthermore, low lubricant viscosity may cause local turbulence in the area with relatively thick film. To analyze the influence of local turbulence on the transient characteristics of mixed-lubrication bearings, a simulation approach for unsteady mixed-lubrication bearings considering local turbulence effects is proposed. Transient journal center locations are solved via journal dynamic equations and numerical integration. The ratio of the film thickness to the roughness determines whether each node of the bearing is in the mixed-lubrication area or the pure hydrodynamic lubrication area. The liquid film in the mixed-lubrication area is analyzed by a transient average Reynolds equation to account for the surface roughness effect. A liquid film in the hydrodynamic lubrication area is analyzed by a transient generalized Reynolds equation to consider local turbulence. The transient average Reynolds equation and transient generalized Reynolds equation are derived in a form convenient for coupling with the governing equations of the journal center. The proposed model is experimentally validated. The influence of local turbulence on unsteady mixed-lubrication bearings is analyzed. The results show that local turbulence and asperity contact can coexist in low-viscosity lubricated bearings, even if the journal speed is relatively low. In the mixed-lubrication regime, local turbulence increases the minimum film thickness and decreases the friction coefficient as well as the journal speed at which the mixed-lubrication transitions to hydrodynamic lubrication.
Investigation on corner stall prediction and flow control by blended blade and end wall technology in a compressor cascade based on modified Spalart–Allmaras model
Authors: Zhu Huiling , Zhou Ling , Fu Hao , Sun Shuxian , Ji Lucheng , Lin Boxi
Published: October 2022

Corner stall has a significant impact on the performance of compressor cascades, but it is difficult to predict precisely using conventional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes models. In view of this, first, the Spalart–Allmaras (SA) turbulence model modified with helicity is recalibrated to predict corner stall accurately. The internal reasons why the modified SA model does not overestimate the extent and intensity of corner stall as the original SA model is further explored through the analysis of turbulence transport nature. The investigation of corner stall control in a modified National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 65 cascade by the blended blade and end wall (BBEW) technology is then carried out using the recalibrated MSA model. The numerical results indicate that the BBEW technology can eliminate the separation vortex on the end wall and change the flow field from corner stall to corner separation. The best BBEW scheme reduces the total pressure loss coefficient by 14.13%. The BBEW technology can most significantly enhance the aerodynamic performance of the compressor cascade when the maximum BBEW thickness is close to the trailing edge. When the maximum BBEW thickness is in the same position, the control effect rises first and subsequently falls as the maximum BBEW thickness grows. These research results serve as a guide for choosing turbulence models and designing the BBEW schemes.
NETfacts: An integrated intervention at the individual and collective level to treat communities affected by organized violence
Authors: Robjant Katy , Schmitt Sabine , Carleial Samuel , Elbert Thomas , Abreu Liliana , Chibashimba Amani , Hinkel Harald , Hoeffler Anke , Rukundo Zeller Anja C. , Rockstroh Brigitte , Koebach Anke
Published: October 2022

War and crises affect mental health, social attitudes, and cultural norms, which can exacerbate the state of long-term insecurity. With decades of armed conflict, the Democratic Republic of Congo is one example, and violence has become normalized in civilian settings. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of the NETfacts health system, an integrated model of evidence-based individual trauma treatment (Narrative Exposure Therapy [NET]) and a trauma-informed community-based intervention (NETfacts). Alongside changes in mental health outcomes (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, social disapproval, and shame) we also investigated change in attitudes, including rape myth acceptance, stigmatization of survivors of sexual violence, and skepticism about the reintegration of former combatants. To test whether the additional community intervention is superior to individual NET alone, we implemented a randomized controlled design with six villages and interviewed a sample of 1,066 community members. Our results demonstrate that the NETfacts health system in comparison with NET alone more effectively reduced rape myth acceptance and with it ongoing victimization and perpetration. Community members of the NETfacts group also presented with less stigmatizing attitudes against survivors of sexual violence. Skepticism about the reintegration of former combatants declined in both groups. NETfacts appears to have increased motivation to engage in individual treatment. Synergizing the healing effects of individual and collective trauma exposure, the NETfacts health system appears to be an effective and scalable approach to correct degrading or ignominious norms and restore functioning and mental health in postconflict communities.
Genome-wide detection of human variants that disrupt intronic branchpoints
Authors: Zhang Peng , Philippot Quentin , Ren Weicheng , Lei Wei-Te , Li Juan , Stenson Peter D. , Palacín Pere Soler , Colobran Roger , Boisson Bertrand , Zhang Shen-Ying , Puel Anne , Pan-Hammarström Qiang , Zhang Qian , Cooper David N. , Abel Laurent , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: October 2022

Pre-messenger RNA splicing is initiated with the recognition of a single-nucleotide intronic branchpoint (BP) within a BP motif by spliceosome elements. Forty-eight rare variants in 43 human genes have been reported to alter splicing and cause disease by disrupting BP. However, until now, no computational approach was available to efficiently detect such variants in massively parallel sequencing data. We established a comprehensive human genome-wide BP database by integrating existing BP data and generating new BP data from RNA sequencing of lariat debranching enzyme DBR1-mutated patients and from machine-learning predictions. We characterized multiple features of BP in major and minor introns and found that BP and BP-2 (two nucleotides upstream of BP) positions exhibit a lower rate of variation in human populations and higher evolutionary conservation than the intronic background, while being comparable to the exonic background. We developed BPHunter as a genome-wide computational approach to systematically and efficiently detect intronic variants that may disrupt BP recognition. BPHunter retrospectively identified 40 of the 48 known pathogenic BP variants, in which we summarized a strategy for prioritizing BP variant candidates. The remaining eight variants all create AG-dinucleotides between the BP and acceptor site, which is the likely reason for missplicing. We demonstrated the practical utility of BPHunter prospectively by using it to identify a novel germline heterozygous BP variant of
STAT2
in a patient with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and a novel somatic intronic 59-nucleotide deletion of
ITPKB
in a lymphoma patient, both of which were validated experimentally. BPHunter is publicly available from
https://hgidsoft.rockefeller.edu/BPHunter
and
https://github.com/casanova-lab/BPHunter
.
Fluid nanoporous microinterface enables multiscale-enhanced affinity interaction for tumor-derived extracellular vesicle detection
Authors: Niu Qi , Gao Jiafeng , Zhao Kaifeng , Chen Xiaofeng , Lin Xiaolin , Huang Chen , An Yu , Xiao Xiuying , Wu Qiaoyi , Cui Liang , Zhang Peng , Wu Lingling , Yang Chaoyong
Published: October 2022

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (T-EVs) represent valuable markers for tumor diagnosis and treatment guidance. However, nanoscale sizes and the low abundance of marker proteins of T-EVs restrict interfacial affinity reaction, leading to low isolation efficiency and detection sensitivity. Here, we engineer a fluid nanoporous microinterface (FluidporeFace) in a microfluidic chip by decorating supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on nanoporous herringbone microstructures with a multiscale-enhanced affinity reaction for efficient isolation of T-EVs. At the microscale level, the herringbone micropattern promotes the mass transfer of T-EVs to the surface. At the nanoscale level, nanoporousity can overcome boundary effects for close contact between T-EVs and the interface. At the molecular level, fluid SLBs afford clustering of recognition molecules at the binding site, enabling multivalent binding with an ∼83-fold increase of affinity compared with the nonfluid interface. With the synergetic enhanced mass transfer, interface contact, and binding affinity, FluidporeFace affords ultrasensitive detection of T-EVs with a limit of detection of 10 T-EVs μL
−1
, whose PD-L1 expression levels successfully distinguish cancer patients from healthy donors. We expect this multiscale enhanced interfacial reaction strategy will inspire the biosensor design and expand liquid biopsy applications, especially for low-abundant targets in clinical samples.
Waterwheel-inspired high-performance hybrid electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerators based on fluid pipeline energy harvesting for power supply systems and data monitoring
Authors: Lian Mengying , Sun Jiaxin , Jiang Dawei , Xu Miaojun , Wu Zijian , Bin Xu Ben , Algadi Hassan , Huang Mina , Guo Zhanhu
Published: October 2022

In this work, a self-powered system based on a triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid pipeline energy harvesting module is demonstrated. Rabbit fur and poly tetra fluoroethylene (PTFE) are used as triboelectric electrodes to fabricate disk-type soft-contact triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) instead of traditional direct-contact TENGs to collect the mechanical energy of water flow and convert it into electrical energy. This design has a stable electrical output and gives an improved durability. Its simple fabrication process enables excellent potential for practical applications in industry. In addition, the hybridization of electromagnetic generator module and TENGs module to form a triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TEHNG) can improve the electrical output performance, especially the current output. TEHNG cannot only power small electronic devices, such as lighting systems, but also collect independent fluid energy and monitor data signals simultaneously in harsh environments, such as fluid energy harvesting in industrial production pipelines and temperature and humidity in fluid environments. This work provides an efficient strategy to harvest multiple energies simultaneously, significantly increasing the yield and promoting the application of TENGs in engineering.
Gravitational analysis of Einstein-non-linear-Maxwell-Yukawa black hole under the effect of Newman-Janis algorithm
Authors: Babar Rimsha , Asgher Muhammad , Ali Riasat
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we analyze the rotating Einstein-non-linear-Maxwell-Yukawa black hole solution by Janis-Newman algorithmic rule and complex calculations. We investigate the basic properties (i.e., Hawking radiation) for the corresponding black hole solution. From the horizon structure of the black hole, we discuss the graphical behavior of Hawking temperature T

H
and analyze the effects of spin parameter (appears due to Newman-Janis approach) on the T

H
of black hole. Furthermore, we investigate the corrected temperature for rotating Einstein-non-linear-Maxwell-Yukawa black hole by using the vector particles tunneling strategy which is based on Hamilton-Jacobi method. We additionally study the graphical explanation of corrected T

H
through outer horizon to investigate the physical and stable conditions of black hole. Finally, we compute the corrected entropy and check that the effect of charged, rotation and gravity on entropy.
Searching for axion-like particles through CMB birefringence from string-wall networks
Authors: Jain Mudit , Hagimoto Ray , Long Andrew J. , Amin Mustafa A.
Published: October 2022

Axion-like particles (ALPs) can form a network of cosmic strings and domain walls that survives after recombination and leads to anisotropic birefringence of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In addition to studying cosmic strings, we clarify and emphasize how the formation of ALP-field domain walls impacts the cosmic birefringence signal; these observations provide a unique way of probing ALPs with masses in the range 3H
0 ≲ ma
≲ 3H
cmb. Using measurements of CMB birefringence from several telescopes, we find no evidence for axion-defect-induced anisotropic birefringence of the CMB. We extract constraints on the model parameters that include the ALP mass ma
, ALP-photon coupling 𝒜 ∝ gaγγ

fa
, the domain wall number N
dw, and parameters characterizing the abundance and size of defects in the string-wall network. Considering also recent evidence for isotropic CMB birefringence, we find it difficult to accommodate this with the non-detection of anisotropic birefringence under the assumption that the signal is generated by an ALP defect network.
Quasinormal ringing of regular black holes in asymptotically safe gravity: the importance of overtones
Authors: Konoplya R.A. , Zinhailo A.F. , Kunz J. , Stuchlík Z. , Zhidenko A.
Published: October 2022

Asymptotically safe gravity is based on the idea that the main contribution to the Schwarzschild-like black hole spacetime is due to the value of the gravitational coupling which depends on the distance from the origin and approaches its classical value in the far zone. However, at some stage this approach has an arbitrariness of choice of some identification parameter. The two cases of identification are considered here: first, by the modified proper length (the Bonanno-Reuter metric), and second, by the Kretschmann scalar (the metric for this case coincides, up to the redefinition of constants, with the Hayward metric). Even though the quasinormal modes of these metrics have been extensively studied, a number of interesting points were missed. We have found that quasinormal modes are qualitatively similar for both types of identification. The deviation of the fundamental mode from its Schwarzschild limit may be a few times larger than it was claimed in the previous studies. The striking deviation from the Schwarzschild limit occurs for overtones, being as large as hundreds of percent even when the fundamental mode is almost coinciding with the Schwarzschild one. This happens because the above metrics are very close to the Schwarzschild one everywhere, except a small region near the event horizon, which is crucial for overtones. The spectrum of both metrics contains purely imaginary (non-oscillatory) modes, which, for some values of parameters, can appear already at the second overtone.
Application and algorithm research of TDLAS
Authors: Wei Lao , Hu Cui , Xuanjun Wang , Zhongkai Qu
Published: October 2022

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is extensively utilized in monitoring of trace gases in the environment. With the relative entropy tomographic reconstruction, simultaneous multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm and optimization of existing functions and models, TDLAS has been applied to reconstruction of temperature and humidity field, combustion diagnosis, mass flow monitoring and other domains, this paper will analyze the existing TDLAS application and algorithm research.
Comparative investigation on antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds in lubricants
Authors: Xia Lei , Zhang Hong-mei , Li Na , Jiang Zheng-yi
Published: October 2022

Antioxidant properties of several phenolic compounds in lubricants were investigated by quantum mechanical simulation. The reaction barrier of phenol, 2-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with the alkoxy free radical generated by lubricants oxidation, the bond dissociation energy of O-H in them, and the energy difference from the HOMO to the LUMO of them were calculated. The reaction activity of phenoxy free radicals formed after hydrogen supply reaction was compared. The results showed that the hydrogen supply capacity of phenolic compounds decreased, while the reaction energy barrier of phenoxy free radicals with lubricants increased obviously with the increase of substituents on benzene ring. As the number of ortho substituents rise, the bond dissociation energy of O-H in phenolic compounds and the energy difference from the HOMO to the LUMO of them decreased slowly. The antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds in lubricants was related not only to the O-H bond dissociation energy and the energy difference from the HOMO to the LUMO of them, but also to steric hindrance in phenolic antioxidants.
Exposure to Metalworking Fluids and Cancer Incidence in the United Auto Workers–General Motors Cohort
Authors: Colbeth Hilary L , Chen Kevin T , Picciotto Sally , Costello Sadie , Eisen Ellen A
Published: October 2022

In previous studies, investigators have reported increased risks of specific cancers associated with exposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs). In this report we broadly examine the incidence of 14 types of cancer, with a focus on digestive, respiratory, and hormonal cancers, in the United Auto Workers–General Motors (UAW-GM) cohort, a cohort of workers exposed to MWFs (1973–2015). The cohort included 39,132 workers followed for cancer incidence. Cox models yielded estimates of adjusted hazard ratios, with categorical variables for lagged cumulative exposure to 3 types of MWF (straight, soluble, and synthetic). We fitted penalized splines to examine the shape of the exposure-response relationships. There were 7,809 incident cancer cases of interest. Oil-based straight and soluble MWFs were each modestly associated with all cancers combined. Exposure-response patterns were consistent with prior reports from this cohort, and results for splined exposures generally reflected their categorically modeled counterparts. We found significantly increased incidence of stomach and kidney cancer with higher levels of straight MWF exposure and increased rectal and prostate cancer with increasing water-based synthetic MWF exposure. Only non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prostate cancer were associated with soluble MWF. All results for colon and lung cancers were null. Our results provide updated evidence for associations between MWF exposure and incidence of several types of cancer.