bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Kockel Ullrich
Published: June 2012

Welcome to issue one of AJEC’s volume 21. In German, a ‘volume’ of a journal is referred to as a Jahrgang – a year (group), a cohort; when I was in my teens, a cohort still used to achieve ‘majority’ – and be considered ‘grown up’, ‘mature’ – with the completion of its 21st year. So as AJEC approached the completion of its second decade and ideas for marking the occasion were considered, I suggested to the board that we might celebrate the journal’s coming-of-age (as it would have been counted when its founders and subsequent editors were growing up) instead of the more common round figure jubilees. Unlike governments the world over, who decided for pop-cultural or other reasons that 1999 years make two complete lots of 1,000, we at AJEC know that the 21st year is completed at its end, not at its beginning, and so the special issue reflecting on the journey so far will be issue two, published at the end of this year.
Border/land Sustainability
Authors: Kiiskinen Karri
Published: June 2012

This article contrasts the Finnish-Russian and Polish-Ukrainian borderlands situated at the external border of the EU. Based on multi-sited fieldwork, it observes how such EU level development concepts as sustainability and multiculturalism address cultural sharing as well as engage communities. Here everyday border crossings are limited, but the policies and practices of cross-border co-operation seek to produce sustainable border crossings in terms of projects and networking. The negotiations of the EU border by local Polish and Finnish actors reflect co-existing and alternative imaginations of borderland heritage. These heritages seem to suggest the 'right' ways not only for border crossings, but also for addressing the continuity and experience of cultural diversity. It is argued that recollections of borderland materiality in these ceded lands become a means for negotiating cultural borders, and verify the difference between European borderlands and borders.
Looking for the 'Language' of Recognition among Greek Communities of Georgia
Authors: Sideri Eleni
Published: June 2012

The Caucasus was a zone of encounters for centuries, generating images of regional cosmopolitanism in the past. This vision creates expectations for the present, when it is included in the wider discussion about the meanings of cosmopolitanism today, its relation to modern geopolitics, and issues of social and political co-existence and recognition. This essay focuses on two different photographs that belong to different Greek families in Georgia. These photographs represent two different historical experiences of migration and pinpoint different understandings of cosmopolitanism. However, they both seem to stem from specific discourses about diasporas and their cosmopolitan character. The role of language in the construction of these discourses is fundamental. The essay compares photographic representations of the 'Greek Diaspora' in order to trace the perceptions of cosmopolitanism they generate, the cultural capital they carry, and its outcome in relation to Greek diaspora politics.
The Worse, the Better
Authors: Berge Trond
Published: June 2012

What do people make of places? In the present article, I pursue this question from the perspective of a peculiar polysemy in the definition of places found among the inhabitants of the small Romanian industrial town of Copşa Mică. Copşa Mică suffers conditions so extreme that, analytically speaking, the town can be described as a zone - that is, as a limited area in which the conditions are such that normal limitations do not apply; thus, zone refers to a line that in a way effaces all lines, a boundary that negates all pronounced boundaries. What do we find instead? The local construction of safe ground reaches deeply into various cultural spheres, particularly into a moral order, by which the questions of where to stay and who is where are replaced to a certain extent by who is places - who is entitled to make them count as so different that it makes a difference? As a result, the local surroundings place themselves, so to speak, as contradictions brought to light in polysemous definitions such as: wherever it is safe, it is also exceptionally unsafe.
Human Health and Climate Change: Leverage Points for Adaptation in Urban Environments
Authors: Proust Katrina , Newell Barry , Brown Helen , Capon Anthony , Browne Chris , Burton Anthony , Dixon Jane , Mu Lisa , Zarafu Monica
Published: June 2012

The design of adaptation strategies that promote urban health and well-being in the face of climate change requires an understanding of the feedback interactions that take place between the dynamical state of a city, the health of its people, and the state of the planet. Complexity, contingency and uncertainty combine to impede the growth of such systemic understandings. In this paper we suggest that the collaborative development of conceptual models can help a group to identify potential leverage points for effective adaptation. We describe a three-step procedure that leads from the development of a high-level system template, through the selection of a problem space that contains one or more of the group’s adaptive challenges, to a specific conceptual model of a sub-system of importance to the group. This procedure is illustrated by a case study of urban dwellers’ maladaptive dependence on private motor vehicles. We conclude that a system dynamics approach, revolving around the collaborative construction of a set of conceptual models, can help communities to improve their adaptive capacity, and so better meet the challenge of maintaining, and even improving, urban health in the face of climate change.
Two New Coumarins from Micromelum falcatum with Cytotoxicity and Brine Shrimp Larvae Toxicity
Authors: Luo Xiongming , He Weihong , Yin Hao , Li Qingxin , Liu Qiao , Huang Yongzhong , Zhang Si
Published: June 2012

Two new coumarins, 7-methoxy-8-(2-hydroxmethyl-1-O-isovaleryl-4-butenyl)-coumarin (1) and 7-methoxy-8-(1-hydroxy-2-O-b-glucopyranosyl-3-methyl-4-butene-1-yl)coumarin (2), and twelve known coumarins 3–14 were isolated from the stem bark of Micromelum falcatum. The structures of compounds 1–14 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses. The toxicity of compounds 1–14 was tested using a brine shrimp assay and in vitro antiproliferative assay against mammary cancer (F10) and lung cancer (HvEvc) cell lines by the MTT method. Some compounds had moderate activities. All compounds were also tested against the microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis and Escherichia coli, but no activity was observed.
Dietary Zinc Deficiency in Rodents: Effects on T-Cell Development, Maturation and Phenotypes
Authors: Blewett Heather J. , Taylor Carla G.
Published: June 2012

Zinc deficiency is one of the leading risk factors for developing disease and yet we do not have a clear understanding of the mechanisms behind the increased susceptibility to infection. This review will examine the interrelationships among the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, p56lck, and T-cell maturation in both zinc deficiency and responses during zinc repletion. We will highlight differences between the adult mouse model (wasting malnutrition) and growing rat model (stunting malnutrition) of dietary zinc deficiency and discuss the use of various controls to separate out the effects of zinc deficiency from the associated malnutrition. Elevated serum corticosterone in both zinc deficient and pair-fed rats does not support the hypothesis that zinc deficiency per se leads to corticosterone-induced apoptosis and lymphopenia. In fact, the zinc deficient rat does not have lymphopenia. Thymocytes from zinc deficient mice and rats have elevated levels of p56lck, a signalling protein with a zinc clasp structure, but this does not appear to affect thymocyte maturation. However, post-thymic T-cell maturation appears to be altered based on the lower proportion of splenic late thymic emigrants in zinc deficient rats. Fewer new T-cells in the periphery could adversely affect the T-cell repertoire and contribute to immunodeficiency in zinc deficiency.
Plasma and Tissue Concentrations of α-Tocopherol and δ-Tocopherol Following High Dose Dietary Supplementation in Mice
Authors: Baxter Laura L. , Marugan Juan J. , Xiao Jingbo , Incao Art , McKew John C. , Zheng Wei , Pavan William J.
Published: June 2012

Vitamin E isoforms are essential nutrients that are widely used as dietary supplements and therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. However, their pharmacokinetic (PK) properties remain poorly characterized, and high dosage animal studies may provide further information on their in vivo functions and pharmacological effects. In this study, alpha-tocopherol (α-toc) and delta-tocopherol (δ-toc) levels were measured in mouse plasma and tissues following their high dosage dietary supplementation. Average α-toc levels at 5, 10 and 20 g α-toc/kg diet increased over baseline levels 6-fold in plasma, 1.6-fold in brain, and 4.9-fold in liver. These elevated α-toc concentrations remained constant from 5 to 20 g α-toc/kg diet, rather than showing further increases across these dosages. No α-toc-related toxicity occurred at these high dosages, and strain-specific differences in liver and brain α-toc levels between Balb/cJ and C57Bl/6J mice were observed. Relatively high-dosage administration of dietary δ-toc for 1 or 4 weeks resulted in 6–30-fold increases in plasma and liver levels between dosages of 0.33 and 1.67 g δ-toc/kg diet. Co-administration of sesamin with δ-toc further increased δ-toc levels between 1.3- and 14-fold in plasma, liver, and brain. These results provide valuable PK information on high dosage α-toc and δ-toc in mouse and show that supplementation of sesamin with δ-toc further increases δ-toc levels over those seen with δ-toc supplementation alone.
Effect of deposition temperature on the structural and optical properties of chemically prepared nanocrystalline lead selenide thin films
Authors: Begum Anayara , Hussain Amir , Rahman Atowar
Published: June 2012

Nanocrystalline lead selenide (PbSe) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by a chemical bath deposition method, using sodium selenosulfate (Na2SeSO3) as a source of Se2− ions, and lead acetate as a source of Pb2+ ions. Trisodium citrate (TSC) was used as a complexing agent. PbSe films were prepared at various deposition temperatures while the pH value was kept fixed at 11, and the effect on the resulting film properties was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical absorption studies. The structural parameters, such as the lattice constant (a), crystallite size (D), dislocation density (ρ) and microstrain (ε) were evaluated from the XRD spectra. It was found that average crystallite size, as calculated from Scherrer’s formula, increased from 23 to 33 nm as the deposition temperature was varied from 303 to 343 K. The dislocation density and microstrain were found to vary inversely with the crystallite size, whereas the lattice constant was found to increase with an increase in crystallite size. The optical absorption spectra of the nanocrystalline PbSe films showed a blue shift, and the optical band gap (Eg) was found to increase from 1.96 to 2.10 eV with the decrease in crystallite size.
In vitro inhibition of HBV replication by a novel compound, GLS4, and its efficacy against adefovir-dipivoxil-resistant HBV mutations
Authors: Wang Xue-Yan , Wei Zhen-Man , Wu Guo-Yi , Wang Jiang-Hua , Zhang Ying-Jun , Li Jing , Zhang Heng-Hui , Xie Xing-Wang , Wang Xian , Wang Zhao-He , Wei Lai , Wang Yu , Chen Hong-Song
Published: June 2012

Background

HBV infection continues to be an important worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with chronic hepatitis B can be successfully treated using nucleoside/nucleotide analogues. However, drug-resistant HBV mutants frequently arise, leading to treatment failure and progression to liver disease. Here, we report the effects of GLS4, a non-nucleosidic inhibitor that exhibits a novel and highly specific anti-HBV activity.

Methods

The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of GLS4 on HBV were measured by Southern blotting. HBV capsid and core protein levels were detected by immunoblotting. To determine the antiviral activity of GLS4 against adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-resistant HBV mutants, HepG2 cells transiently transfected with PUC-HBV1.2 plasmids that contained one of three major ADV-resistant mutations (rtA181T, rtA181V and rtN236T) were treated with GLS4. Intracellular HBV replicative intermediates were detected by Southern blotting. The effect on the in vitro assembly of HBV capsid protein was examined using dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy.

Results

The IC50 of GLS4 was 0.012 μM, which is significantly lower than that of lamivudine (0.325 μM). Immunoblot analysis of HepG2.2.15 cells and transiently transfected HepG2 cells indicated that GLS4 treatment interfered with the formation of core particles (assembly). The ADV-resistant HBV mutant strains were also sensitive to GLS4. Upon examining the in vitro assembly of HBV core protein 149 by electron microscopy, increased aberrant particles were observed after GLS4 treatment.

Conclusions

GLS4 is a new and unique potential anti-HBV agent that possesses a different mechanism of action than existing therapeutic drugs.
Modelo de indicadores para evaluar los formatos digitales para la preservación de vídeo
Authors: Gonzàlez Ruiz David , Térmens Miquel , Ribera Mireia
Published: June 2012

La preservación de los fondos audiovisuales en soporte analógico está amenazada por la degradación de las cintas magnéticas. La revisión de la literatura científica indica que este proceso de degradación no se puede evitar y que su solución pasa por la migración de los contenidos audiovisuales a soportes digitales. La complejidad técnica de los formatos de vídeo digital y la no existencia de formatos claros con finalidades de preservación hacen que sea difícil la elección del formato al cual migrar. Ante este panorama se propone la utilización de un modelo de indicadores que sirva para valorar las características de los formatos de vídeo digital de cara a su uso en la preservación de los fondos audiovisuales.
Bibliotecarios universitarios – Profesores. ¿Caminos convergentes?
Authors: Amante María João , Extremeño Ana
Published: June 2012

Los cambios que el proceso de Bolonia ha impuesto en la educación universitaria no sólo atañen a la docencia sino también a organismos incluidos dentro de la propia institución cuya aportación en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje es vital para cumplir los requisitos exigidos. Entre ellos, la biblioteca universitaria y sus responsables ocupan un lugar central que los obliga a replantearse sus cometidos profesionales y a adoptar una metodología de trabajo que ayude a la adquisición de las competencias y habilidades que actualmente la sociedad demanda. Un primer paso para delimitar el nuevo rol del bibliotecario universitario consiste en analizar las percepciones que los docentes tienen sobre ellos y, de esta manera, planificar la necesaria e imprescindible colaboración entre ambos colectivos.
Diagnóstico del grado de alfabetización informacional en los profesionales del Centro Tecnologías para la Formación de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas
Authors: Tamayo-Rueda Deymis , Moyares-Norchales Yenieris , Vigoa-Machin Lilian , Toll-Palma Yuniet Carmen , Falcón-Pi Graciela , Lemagne-Adán Amys , Rodríguez-González Liudmila
Published: June 2012

El auge informacional disponible en la actualidad a partir de la evolución de Internet, ha traído consigo fenómenos socioculturales, como la denominada infoxicación de los usuarios de los servicios informacionales. Existe tanta información sobre un mismo tema, y la posibilidad además de publicar otras sobre la misma problemática, que ya resulta confuso y hasta complejo saber qué buscar y qué es lo más idóneo para la necesidad informativa en cuestión. Una de las vías para resolver este fenómeno, es la Alfabetización Informacional, capaz de brindar mecanismos, estrategias y criterios de búsqueda y recuperación de la información disponible en la web. Algunas instituciones de información incluyen dentro de su misión ejecutar la alfabetización informacional por los beneficios que reporta para sus usuarios. Bajo esta premisa surge el Grupo de Gestión de Información y del Conocimiento (GIC) del Centro Tecnologías para la Formación FORTES de la Universidad de Ciencias Informáticas (UCI) de Cuba que ha desarrollado productos y servicios para alfabetizar a los usuarios de este centro, el cual investiga y desarrolla productos informáticos referentes a las tecnologías educativas. Para poder alfabetizar a sus usuarios, el grupo GIC ha realizado la presente investigación, con el objetivo de diagnosticar el estado infotecnológico de los usuarios del centro FORTES.
La alfabetización informacional en las universidades españolas. Niveles de incorporación a partir de la información publicada en los sitios web de sus bibliotecas-CRAI
Authors: Uribe-Tirado Alejandro , Girlesa Uribe Astrid
Published: June 2012

La formación en competencias informacionales o alfabetización informacional es uno de los retos actuales de las bibliotecas-CRAI (Centros de Recursos para el aprendizaje y la investigación) ante las posibilidades de acceso a enormes recursos electrónicos de información que facilitan los medios digitales, que obligan a conocer y aplicar mejores criterios de selección y evaluación para recuperar la de mayor calidad y pertinencia según las necesidades de información. Ante esta situación, las bibliotecas- CRAI universitarias iberoamericanas han ido poco a poco incorporando esta formación bien sea desde programas-cursos directos ofrecidos desde la biblioteca-CRAI o mediante el trabajo colaborativo con docentes y facultades en currícula de distintas universidades como un todo o en disciplinas específicas. Este trabajo utilizando el análisis de contenidos, hace una revisión de la información que presentan los sitios Web de las bibliotecas-CRAI de las instituciones de educación superior españolas (IES) sobre esta actividad de formación y genera una descripción y clasificación de los niveles de incorporación de las competencias informacionales que estarían presentando.
Indicadores de actividad científica en investigadores singulares: perfil bibliométrico de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, expresidente del CSIC
Authors: Ayala-Gascón María , Aleixandre-Benavent Rafael , Gandía-Balaguer Asunción
Published: June 2012

Eduardo Primo Yúfera fue el fundador y director del Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos hasta su nombramiento como presidente del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Es considerado el promotor e impulsor de la Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y de la Ecología Química en España, así como el precursor del modelo de sistema de innovación (I+D+i). A lo largo de su dilatada trayectoria investigadora, que duró 65 años, publicó 291 artículos científicos, con una media de 4,48 trabajos anuales. El 89,3 % los realizó en coautoría, colaborando con 161 autores diferentes. Su empeño por difundir la ciencia le llevó a crear en 1961 la Revista de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos. El 50 % de su producción científica quedó recogida en esta revista aunque también publicó en más de 50 revistas científicas nacionales e internaciones, 36 de ellas incluidas en el Journal Citation Report, entre las que destacan por su mayor factor de impacto: Journal of Organic Chemistry, Planta y Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, que se sitúan en el primer cuartil de sus áreas correspondientes. Los 86 artículos del autor que aparecen indexados en el SCI-Expanded han recibido un total 482 citas. Este estudio pone de relieve su actividad científica a través de indicadores bibliométricos de productividad, colaboración e impacto científico de sus publicaciones.
Research and Design of Photoelectric Solar Tracking System
Authors: Li Tian Hua , Xiang De Qing
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a set of solar tracking system based on the photosensitive resistance has been studied and designed from the perspectives of practicality, economy and reliability. The device is simple and reliable. The sensitivity is high and the cost is low. It is suitable for the solar tracking of various solar energy utilization devices such as the medium and small solar light collection systems, the solar power systems, the solar heating systems and some others.
The Research of the Cold Extrusion Shaping Technology of the Tubular Component with Oral Part Having Flange
Authors: Yu Zhi Hong
Published: June 2012

In the basis of researching the shaping methods to the tubular component with oral part having flange, the varieties of feasible forming process schemes are analyzed comprehensively under the premise of ensuring not rupture, with combination of many forming processes such as cold extrusion, cold stamping and upsetting. In the middle of cold extrusion shaping of the tubular component with oral part having flange, in the light of solid blank selected, the varieties of technology schemes that are utilized flexibly in the production are proposed and the problems existed in the schemes are compared and analysed and the corresponding prevention and improvement measures are put forward. In the production of the tubular component with oral part having flange, the cold extrusion technology is used to give the reference to a certain extent to the similar parts of forming process and die design.
Acoustic Beam Forming Using Ultrasonic Transducers
Authors: Tseng Wen Kung
Published: June 2012

This paper evaluates the performance of acoustic beam forming using ultrasonic transducers. A directional audible sound can be generated by amplitude-modulating the ultrasound carrier with an audio signal, then transmitting it from an array of ultrasonic transducers. A novel method has been proposed in this paper to control the beam width of the main lobe and the level of the side lobe for the beam pattern by using an optimization technique. Furthermore, the weighting distribution of uniform linear array composed of eight transducers and the effect of different weightings on the spreading angle of the sound beam have been investigated through simulations in this study. The results show that the optimization method proposed in the paper can effectively control the beam width of the main lobe and the level of the side lobe for the audible sound.
A ECG Waveform Detection Algorithm Based on Differential Threshold and Wavelet Transform
Authors: Sun Yu , Ding Wen Chao , Lin Zhong Hui , Zhang Ru Bo
Published: June 2012

With the portable ECG device develops rapidly, the ECG waveform detection is particularly important. As far as we know, the goal of most researchers is designing a new, real-time, high efficiency, perfect effect ECG detection algorithm. In order to obtain better detection accuracy, a new type of algorithm which combines differential threshold and the wavelet transform is designed, the method uses improved version of the differential threshold method to detect the QRS wave group, and then the P, T-wave is identified by biorthogonal wavelet transform. Dozens of MIT-BIT test data show that the algorithm fully meets the testing requirements, achieve the desired goal and obtain good results.
The Feasibility Analysis of Using a New Network Architecture to Solve the Tidal Effects
Authors: Hou Wei Na , Cao Xian Wei , Liu Zhan Jun
Published: June 2012

To solve high cost, high energy and many other issues in the communication, propose a new network architecture, one of the important applications is to solve the "tidal effect", by BBUs uniform placement to achieve unified deployment of resources to get the purpose of saving computation. But its feasibility has not been verified, this paper will verify its feasibility by data from two aspects of changing the number of base stations and changing the different situations of the base stations. Be measured through simulation and analysis results show that the use of new network architecture can not only save computation, but also enhance the resource utilization and reduce construction, operation and maintenance costs.
A Novel Control Strategy for Multiple Switches Based on Electro-Rheological Fluid
Authors: Xu Lu Ning , Li Han , Liu Jun Biao
Published: June 2012

A compact or portable mechatronic embedded system application has a strictly demands of volume and/or power consuming. Comparing with electronic parts, switches and/or actuators take the most proportion of volume or weight and power consuming of the whole system. A novel method of connecting multiple switches/actuators built by using electro-rheological fluid and a pair of governing electrodes and their control strategy are introduced in this paper. By using this method, the numbers of control components are changed from N times M to N plus M, the volume and weight reduced largely.A series structure is used in the application on multi-line Braille electro-book for blind people as a demonstration of this novel method. It provides a novel solution of shrinking system for a compact or portable mechatronic embedded system application.
Modelling of Chloride Diffusion into Surface-Biodeposited Concrete
Authors: Li Pei Hao , Jin Bo
Published: June 2012

Chloride diffusuion is regarded as the dominant chloride transport process in concrete and the main cause of the corrosion of steel in concrete structures exposed to chloride-rich environments. Surface biodeposition can be applied to both new and existing concrete structures to restrain this deterioration. To gain comprehensive overview to the protective mechanism of surface biodeposition, a theoretical study of chloride diffusion through surface-biodeposited concrete is required. This paper proposes a physical model for surface biodeposited concrete, and develops a theoretical model to predict chloride diffusion of surface-biodeposited concrete structures. The model describes movement and retention of moisture and chloride by means of balance equations and diffusion laws. The influences of biodeposition and substrate properties on chloride diffusion are studied by a finite difference model. Results indicate that chloride diffusion is controlled by both the biodeposition and the substrate.
Treatment of the Lead Waste Water with Electrochemical Process
Authors: Song Juan Juan
Published: June 2012

Industrial waste water with high levels of lead has serious threat to human health and other organisms. Power generation methods were used for recycling of lead. Some factors such as temperature,power generation time,the anode material, type and concentration of anode area solution on the power generation process were studied to find the optimal process parameters.The experimental results show that:in the optimum conditions,the recovery rate of lead was more than 90% and the lead concentration in waste water has reached the discharge standard. This method does not produce by-products of environmental pollution in the power generation process and needn’t external supply of energy but produce certain energy. So it is a green chemistry technology.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Material Chemistry Unsymmetrical Material, Diarylethene with Cyano
Authors: Geng Wei Wei , Fan Cong Bin , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: June 2012

A unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-{[2-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolane)-3-thienyl]} -2-[2-methyl-5-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-thienyl]perﬂuorocyclopentene(1a),was synthesized, and its optoelectronic properties were also investigated in detail. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to blue violet after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA amorphous film.The diarylethene exhibited a fluorescence switches along with the photochromism from open-ring isomers to closed-ring isomers. When irradiated by UV light, the photocyclization reaction was occurred and the emission intensity of the diarylethene decreased significantly, due to producing the non-fluorescence closed-ring isomers. The back irradiation by appropriate wavelength visible light regenerated its open-ring isomers and recovered the original emission intensity
Preparation and Charactorization of Superfine YAG Powder Materials via the Co-Precipitation Methods
Authors: Song Jie Guang , Chen Ai Xia , Li Qiang , Qiu Zhi Wen , Zhou Jian Feng , Xiong Yong Feng , Xu Ting , Wei Wei , Li Wen Tao
Published: June 2012

YAG is widely applied as the structure materials and the functional materials because of some excellent performances in the chemistry. The pure superfine YAG powder materials are prepared via the co-precipitation method after calcining the precursor of YAG at 1100°C. The superfine YAG powders has the better dispersion, the particle size distribution range is narrow bewteen 200 and 350nm. The superfine YAG mainly show near-spherical, and partly sintering behavior among the particles.
Synthesis and Properties of the ESA/AMPS Copolymer
Authors: Liu Zhan , Wang Xin , Liu Zhen Fa
Published: June 2012

A copolymer was prepared from epoxy succinic acid (ESA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS). The structure of the ESA/AMPS copolymer was characterized by means of FTIR. The performances of scale inhibition, dispersion and biodegradability of the ESA/AMPS copolymer were studied. The results showed that the scale inhibition performance of the ESA/AMPS copolymer on calcium phosphate and dispersing performance on ferric oxide were much better than PESA. The scale inhibition rate on calcium carbonate was 85% when the ESA/AMPS copolymer was 8mg/L. The scale inhibition rate on calcium phosphate was 65% when the ESA/AMPS copolymer was 30mg/L. The ESA/AMPS copolymer had good biodegradation performance and biodegradation rate could reach 65% after 28 days.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Photochromic Diarylethene Material Bearing Two Five-Membered Aryl Unit
Authors: Li Xiao Ting , Li Hui , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: June 2012

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-2-(2 -methyl-5-p-tolyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1) was synthesized, and its photochromic and fluorescence properties were investigated. The results showed the compound exhibited good photochromism in hexane solution and in PMMA amorphous film with alternating irradiation by UV/Vis light, the maxima absorption of its closed-ring isomer 1c are 541 nm and 551 nm respectively. The open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1 exhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 360 nm in hexane solution (5 × 10-5 mol/L) when excited at 305 nm. The fluorescence intensity decreased along with the photochromism upon irradiation with 297 nm light. The fluorescence intensity of diarylethene 1o also depended on the concentration. When the concentration of diarylethene 1 in hexane increase from 1 × 10-6 mol/L to 1 × 10-3 mol/L, the fluorescence intensity of the open-ring isomer become strong first, then become weak
Toxic Effect of Cadmium Material on Eisenia fetida
Authors: Huang Min Yi , Duan Ren Yan , Hao Rui Juan , Ren Li Ping
Published: June 2012

Utilizing international standards organization published the earthworm avoid behavioral responses to evaluate the quality of the soil experimental method standardization, we test the effect of six different concentrations of cadmium on the behavior of response of the earthworms (Eisenia fetida). After 24 hour and 48 hour respectively, the number of earthworms in the different quantity of the soil was counted. And at the same time, the earthworms were used to do a try-wrong learning behavior experiment, to research the relation between the earthworms treated with different concentrations of cadmium and memory time. The results showed that the earthworms like to stay in 50 mg/kg concentration in the soil.
Efficient Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Unsymmetrical Photochromic Diarylethene Material Based on Pyrazolyl Group
Authors: Liu Wei Jun , Wang Wei Ping , Jiang Duo Hua , Liu Gang
Published: June 2012

An unsymmetrical diarylethene derivative was synthesized, and its photochromic properties and fluorescence switch were investigated in detail. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light both in solution and in PMMA film, and its absorption maxima were observed at 574 nm in hexane and at 579 nm in PMMA amorphous film, respectively, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light. The diarylethene 1a in hexane solution exhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 413 nm when excited at 322 nm. The fluorscence intensity is highest at the concentration of 1.0×10-4 mol/L when excited at 322 nm.
Research on the Virtual Prototype of Grinding System for Wafer Precision Grinding Machine Based on Mechanical System Mechanics
Authors: Sha Zhi Hua , Zhang Zong Nan , Zhang Sheng Fang
Published: June 2012

In order to decrease the development costs, shorten the developing cycle, improve the overall performance and reduce the environmental pollution of the wafer precision grinding machine, the structure, transmission, movement of grinding system for wafer precision grinding machine is analyzed based on mechanical system mechanics, the three-dimensional model of the grinding system is established, based on frame animation technology and via secondary development of Pro/E in the environment of VS 2008, the virtual prototype of grinding system for wafer precision grinding machine is developed, the kinematics and dynamics simulation of the grinding system is realized.
Hoist Lubricating Oil Pressure and Liquid Level Detection
Authors: Cheng Guang Zhen , Lin Jin
Published: June 2012

This article describes the structure, working principle and technical parameters of the lubricant oil pressure and liquid level indicating alarm system of the mine hoist. In order to send signals to the main control room displaying pressure and liquid level， the use of digital circuit-designed smart modular pressure transmitter, level transmitter, with the light beam warning indicator, display the fluid pressure and fluid level signal in the main control room, the limit alarm, and the upper and lower limit settings.
Calculating the Quasi-Static Pressures of Confined Explosions Considering Chemical Reactions under the Constant Entropy Assumption
Authors: Zhong Wei , Tian Zhou
Published: June 2012

On the basis of the energy conservation and the state equation of the ideal gas, a formula of quasi-static pressures of the confined explosions calculating was derived under the constant entropy assumption of the detonation products expansion and the constant volume assumption of the chemical reactions. Taking the TNT explosive as an example, the quasi-static pressures of the confined explosion either considering the influence of the chemical reactions or not were calculated and the quasi-static pressures of the confined space were obtained
Research on Magnetic Fluid Based Optical Deformable Mirrors with Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Wu Zhi Zheng , Liu Mei
Published: June 2012

Magnetic fluid based liquid mirrors represent a promising technology. Compared with the conventional solid mirrors, magnetic fluid deformable mirrors (MFDMs) have the advantages of large strokes, low cost and easy scalability. In this paper, the brief history of the development of MFDMs was first introduced, the working principle of MFDMs with fluid mechanics and electromagnetic field was presented next and then the advantages of MFDMs as well as their challenges are discussed.
Mechanics Analysis of Grade V Surrounding Rock Primary Support in Maanziliang Tunnel
Authors: Han Jia Ming
Published: June 2012

Commonly used finite element strength reduction to calculate the safety factor of slope，to analyze the stability of the slope[1～3]. Recently it also proposed the methods to evaluate the safety factor for the stability of surrounding rock of underground chambers and supporting structural mechanics[4～6]. For Qinling Mountains of the complex geological conditions in the Maanziliang highway tunnel, this article use the finite element method from the bolt resist tension, bolt length, the force of sprayed layer of concrete to computing gradeⅤsurrounding rock section of primary support safety factor, to give evaluation to support mechanics of the Maanziliang tunnel.
Research on Improving the Test Effectiveness of Rock Dynamic Fracture Toughness
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Xin Wen , Yang Xiang Hao
Published: June 2012

Some problems of testing rock dynamic parameters in the SHPB experiment were analyzed and the relevant measures were proposed, which included how to determining the fracture time and the dynamic load etc. Based on the dynamic fracture experiment in the SHPB system with flattened Brazilian disc made of marble, the strain gauge technique to get the accurate fracture time was applied, and the different pulse shaper were adopted to get more precise wave data. The effective test methods of determining rock dynamic fracture toughness were discussed.
Modal Finite Element Analysis of Reconstructive Structure for Gantry Crane on the Basis of ANSYS and Dynamic Stiffness
Authors: Zeng Qing Dun , Guan Bao Hua
Published: June 2012

Due to business development, a Shipyard Co., Ltd. in Guangdong planned to remould a double girder gantry crane of MG32/10-37A5 (32t-37m) into a type of 20t-37m and to heighten 6m lifting height of structure. A Cranes Machinery Co., LTD. in Guangzhou undertook this job. After the completion of transformation for the crane, the serious laterodeviations of the crane were found in operational process, which affected its safety use. This paper used a finite ANSYS to perform the modal analysis of the crane before and after reconstruction. The results show that the dynamic stiffness of the remoulded crane was reduced obviously. For the reason, the four reinforcement schemes of the crane were put forward by the Cranes Machinery Co., LTD.. This study again performed the model analysis for the schemes and selected an optimal one by calculation, analysis and contrast, which has successfully solved the above problem. The present results can provide a reference for solving similar problems in the future.
Dynamic Modeling for a Non-Linear System Based on the MOESP Algorithm
Authors: Teng Qin , Zhang Jian Bo , An Peng
Published: June 2012

In order to measure accurately air fuel ratio in the engine exhaust gas, the Hammerstein model of the exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensor was identified using the multivariable output error state space (MOESP) algorithm. Firstly, a static model of the EGO sensor was identified based on engine experiment data as a static nonlinear part of the Hammerstein model. Then, the MOESP algorithm was used to build a state space model (SSM) of dynamic linear part of the Hammerstein model. To estimate model order, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Minimum Description Length (MDL) criterion were computed, and validity of structure identification was verified by residual analysis. Then, the auto-regressive model with exogenous input (ARX) was compared with a subspace model. The result shows that a two-order SSM using MOESP algorithm is suitable to dynamic part of the Hammerstein model for EGO sensors.
Effect of Anode Size, Membrane and Membrane Size on Power Generation and Wastewater Treatment in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhou Guang Yu , Yoshino Yuichiro , Yamashita Takahiro , Sato Takahiro , Kawagoshi Yasunori
Published: June 2012

Using wastewater as substrate, taking anaerobic sludge as inoculant, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged in recent years, which can generate electricity and accomplish wastewater treatment simultaneously. Based on the evaluation indexes of output voltage, coulombic efficiency, power density and TOC removal rate, three abiotic factors, anode size, membrane and membrane size, affecting MFC performance were investigated with an orthogonal experiment (L4 (23)). The results show that the impact order of factors through analyzing the value “R” was “anode size > membrane > membrane size”. The optimal set with these three factors for the performance of MFCs was big size anode, Naf-117 and big size membrane. Meanwhile, the high TOC removal rate (more than 90%) and high acetates consumed rate (100%) show the MFCs have strong ability of wastewater treatment. Cation exchange membrane Yumi-28 has compared ability of wastewater treatment and energy-production potential in MFC work.
Predicting the End Temperature of Molten Steel Using CBR
Authors: Liu De Hua , Wang Hong Bing , Xu An Jun
Published: June 2012

Steel is a kind of important material. The accurate control about the end temperature of molten steel has significant impact on the quality of steel material. Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is used to predict the end temperature of molten steel in Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD). Grey Relational Degree (GRD) with different weights of attributes is adopted to calculate the similarity between cases. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is taken to determine the weights of attributes. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) is applied to compute the relative weight of two different attributes for AHP. Two methods, CBR using AHP with Equal Weights (CBR_AHP_EW) and CBR using AHP with Different Weights (CBR_AHP_DW), are employed to for a comparison. The results show that CBR_AHP_DW is effective in predicting the end temperature of molten steel in AOD and CBR_AHP_DW outperforms CBR_AHP_EW.
Solar Shading Performance of Different Louver Shading Materials in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone
Authors: Li Zhang Kai , Yao Jian
Published: June 2012

The aim of this paper is to investigate the solar shading performance of louver shading materials. Regression analysis is used to compare the potential performance of horizontal and vertical louver shading materials. Results show that louver shading is not suitable for north facing windows and has little improvement of shading performance in south orientation. For east windows in the west orientation, horizontal louver shading performs well only in summer. Horizontal and vertical shading materials have similar shading performance in summer and winter.
Development of 2D Image Capture Method Software for Recognizing Drivers’ Postural Angles
Authors: Mohamad Darliana , Md Deros Baba , Wahab Dzuraidah Abdul
Published: June 2012

Drivers posture is one of the critical factors that should be investigated closely and thoroughly in the design and development of car drivers seat. A car driver controls the vehicle movements; therefore, his/her safety and comfort is important to avoid any road injury or unfortunate accident. The two main objectives of this study are to develop2D software for capturingimages of drivers postural angles and to collect comfortable drivers postural angles from the participants involved in the study, while they are driving the cars. To achieve this, an experiment was conducted by using this software for collectingcar drivers postural angles. Forty five Malaysian citizens took part in the data collection process. From the study, a 2D image capture method software for capturing driver postural angles were developed. Finally, a range of comfortable postural angles for Malaysian car drivers were proposed based on the participants perception with respect to safety and comfort.
A Study on Validation of Fatigue Damage Clustering Analysis Technique Based on Clustering Validation Index
Authors: Baharin Mohd Noor , Mohd Nopiah Zulkifli , Abdullah Shahrum , Mohd Nor Mohd Jailani
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the comparative study on two types of the clustering technique for decomposing Variable Amplitude (VA) loadings signals based on its amplitude. These two techniques are used to recognize clusters or patterns of fatigue damaging events in the record which will bring aboutthe majority of fatigue damage. However, one of the problems that existswhencomparing which technique will produce better clusters is the fact thata clustering validation index isneeded. In this study, techniques that were used were theFuzzy C-means and C-means. At first, the VA data weresegmented using the Running Damage Extraction (RDE) technique. Then, each segment produced wasanalysed using the strain life approach and global statistical signal values. Finally, the accuracy of each clustering technique wasmeasured based on the OV coefficient index. From the study, the index shows that the Fuzzy C-means technique produced much better clusters rather than the C-mean clustering technique.
Experimental Study of an Internal Heat Exchanger Influence on R134a Automobile Air Conditioning System
Authors: Bahrami Salman , Beigi Hasan Mohammad , Sabour Mohammad Hosein
Published: June 2012

Liquid-suction or internal heat exchanger (IHX) is installed in vapor compression refrigeration systems to exchange energy between cool low-pressure gas and warm high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The aim of this research is to experimentally evaluate the effect of IHX adaptation in an automotive air conditioning system focusing on evaporator working conditions. In this new design of IHX, the high-pressure liquid passes through the central channel and the low-pressure vapor flows in several parallel channels in the opposite direction. The experimental set-up has been made up of original components of the air conditioning system of a medium sedan car, specially designed and built to analyze vehicle A/C equipments under real work conditions. The results show that low pressure drop will be imposed on the cycle using this type of IHX. Also, they confirm considerable decrease of compressor power consumption; it is intensified at higher evaporator air flow. A significant improvement of the coefficient of performance will be achieved with IHX too. The influence of operating conditions has been also discussed in this paper.
Wet Sump Design for a FSAE Racing Car
Authors: Sethi Akshay
Published: June 2012

The problem statement consisted of designing a Wet Sump Lubrication system for Formula Manipal, Manipal Institute of Technology's FSAE racing team. The team uses a 2003 specification Honda CBR 600RR motorcycle engine to power the rear wheels by means of a chain drive and a limited slip differential. Packaging and performance constraints meant that the stock oil pan could not be retained. It was thus proposed to design and manufacture a custom wet sump oil pan and validate it by testing. The goal was to build a lubrication system which worked flawlessly in a racing environment including acceleration, braking and cornering. This was realized by innovatively placing baffles and a windage tray in the oil pan. At the same time, it was important to reduce the height of the oil pan so as to allow the engine to be mounted lower in the chassis, facilitate better packaging and improve the dynamic performance of the car.
Feature Selection for Fatigue Segment Classification System Using Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting in Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Osman Mohd Haniff , Nopiah Z.M. , Abdullah S.
Published: June 2012

Having relevant features for representing dataset would motivate such algorithms to provide a highly accurate classification system in less-consuming time. Unfortunately, one good set of features is sometimes not fit to all learning algorithms. To confirm that learning algorithm selection does not weights system accuracy user has to validate that the given dataset is a feature-oriented dataset. Thus, in this study we propose a simple verification procedure based on multi objective approach by means of elitist Non-dominated Sorting in Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). The way NSGA-II performs in this work is quite similar to the feature selection procedure except on interpretation of the results i.e. set of optimal solutions. Two conflicting minimization elements namely classification error and number of used features are taken as objective functions. A case study of fatigue segment classification was chosen for the purpose of this study where simulations were repeated using four single classifiers such as Naive-Bayes, k nearest neighbours, decision tree and radial basis function. The proposed procedure demonstrates that only two features are needed for classifying a fatigue segment task without having to place concern on learning algorithm