bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying and supporting reflection in pre-service teacher education a rubric fit for purpose
Authors: Ellison Maria
Published: December 2021

It is widely accepted that reflection and reflective practices are necessary components of teacher education programmes. However, these are not always explored or even fully understood by the very people who are expected to reflect – the student-teachers themselves. Support for these practices is therefore required so that students may understand what reflection is and helped to become reflective practitioners. This article describes the construction and use of a rubric to identify and support reflection in pre-service foreign language teacher education. It begins by reviewing key literature on reflection before moving on to a study of types of reflection and conceptual frameworks in the literature. Four types of reflection were identified and attributed labels: Type 0. Descriptive/behavioural; Type 1. Descriptive/analytical; Type 2. Dialogic/interpretative; and Type 3. Critical/transformatory. These were then used to construct the rubric which incorporated a matrix of five categories: discourse; rationale; level of inquiry; orientation to self; and views of teaching. Examples of how the rubric has been used to both capture and support reflection are provided. It is not a stand-alone tool, but one which is situated within a reflective practice model of teacher education which requires reflexive teacher educators, tools and practices which provide opportunities for reflection. It is flexible enough to allow teacher educators (and students) to identify types of reflection in spoken or written accounts, which may help when self-assessing, giving feedback, and supporting the momentum of reflection during a course or practicum.
La Gramática espanhola para portugueses (Oporto, 1947) de Julio Martínez Almoyna características metodológicas
Authors: León Romeo Rogelio Ponce de
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes aspects of a little-known work in the context of grammar and history of Spanish language teaching in Portugal, the Gramática espanhola para uso dos portugueses (Oporto, 1947) by Julio Martínez Almoyna: the possible reasons for its publication in Portugal in the mid-twentieth century, the structure of the lessons and its didactic characteristics. Regarding the first aspect, the writing of the work is framed in the Luso-Spanish socio-political context of the time. Regarding specifically methodological issues, we analyze in detail the microstructure of the lessons and the underlying didactic criteria. In order to examine the didactic characteristics of the manual, we put it in contrast with other works published in Portugal for the teaching of Spanish; specifically, the Gramática elemental de la lengua española(Lisbon, 1947), by Pablo Gayán Hernanz, and Español para lusitanos. Método práctico de lengua española (Coimbra, 1952), by José María Viqueira Barreiro.
A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Kidney Transplant Recipients: An Exploratory Analysis of the Fidelity of the TAKE IT Trial
Authors: Yoon Esther S , Hur Scott , Curtis Laura M , Wynia Aiden H , Zheng Pauline , Nair Sumi S , Bailey Stacy C , Serper Marina , Reese Peter P , Ladner Daniela P , Wolf Michael S
Published: December 2021

Background

Inadequate adherence to prescribed immunosuppressive medication regimens among kidney transplant recipients is common, yet interventions are needed to support patients in sustaining adequate adherence to prescribed regimens and achieving optimal transplant outcomes.

Objective

We examined the preliminary fidelity of a transplant center-based, multifaceted adherence monitoring strategy known as TAKE IT.

Methods

The TAKE IT strategy includes: (1) routine, online, monthly patient self-report adherence assessments; (2) care alerts directed to nurses; (3) quarterly reports monitoring tacrolimus values and adherence trends; (4) support tools tailored to specific adherence concerns. A 2-arm, patient-randomized trial is underway at two large transplant centers (N=449). To evaluate the initial fidelity of TAKE IT, we investigated patient uptake of monthly adherence assessments during the course of a 3-month period, whether any disparities emerged, and the nature of any reported adherence concerns.

Results

Among 202 patients randomized and exposed to TAKE IT for 3-months or more, 81% (164/202) completed an adherence assessment, 73% (148/202) completed at least two, and 57% (116/202) completed all monthly assessments. Overall, 50% (82/164) of kidney transplant recipients reported at least one adherence concern over the 3-month assessment period. The most common barriers were classified as regimen-related (eg, regimen complexity), cognitive (eg, forgetfulness), and medical (eg, side effects). Higher-income participants were more likely to complete all surveys compared to lower-income participants (P=.01).

Conclusions

TAKE IT demonstrated 81% (164/202) completion of an adherence assessment, 73% (148/202) completion of at least two, and 57% (116/202) completion of all monthly assessments during this brief, initial observation period. Among those that did respond to the online assessments, the majority demonstrated sustained engagement. Additional monitoring modalities could also be offered to meet patient preferences to ensure all patients’ medication use can be properly monitored.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03104868; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03104868
A Wearable Activity Tracker Intervention With and Without Weekly Behavioral Support Emails to Promote Physical Activity Among Women Who Are Overweight or Obese: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Black Melissa , Brunet Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Background

Physical activity (PA) plays a fundamental role in combating the current obesity epidemic; however, most women who are overweight or obese are generally physically inactive. Wearable activity tracker interventions can help increase the PA levels in this population. Supplementing such interventions with behavioral support emails may further improve their effectiveness, but this remains to be confirmed.

Objective

This study aims to determine if adding behavioral support emails to a wearable activity tracker intervention can further increase PA levels among women who are overweight or obese in comparison to a wearable activity tracker–only intervention and a control condition.

Methods

Women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 who were not meeting the Canadian PA guidelines for aerobic and strength training were randomized into 1 of 3 groups. Group 1 received 6 weekly behavioral support emails, a wearable activity tracker, and a copy of the Canadian PA guidelines. Group 2 received a wearable activity tracker and a copy of the Canadian PA guidelines, and group 3 (control condition) received a copy of the Canadian PA guidelines. Self-reported data for walking and moderate to vigorous intensity PA were collected preintervention (week 0; prerandomization), postintervention (7 weeks postrandomization), and at follow-up (21 weeks postrandomization) and analyzed as metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week. In addition, potential mechanisms of behavior change (ie, basic psychological needs satisfaction and motivational regulations) were assessed for within- and between-group differences at all 3 time points. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests.

Results

A total of 49 women were recruited; data from 47 women (mean age 37.57 years, SD 11.78 years; mean BMI 31.69 kg/m2, SD 5.97 kg/m2) were available for analysis. Group 1 reported a significant increase in walking from preintervention to postintervention (χ22=7.5; P=.02) but not in moderate to vigorous intensity PA (P=.24). Group 1 also reported significant increases in perceptions of competence from preintervention to follow-up (χ22=7.6; P=.02) and relatedness from preintervention to follow-up (χ22=8.7; P=.005). Increases in perceived autonomy were observed for group 2 (χ22=7.0) and group 3 (χ22=10.6). There were no significant changes in the motivational regulations within the groups. The difference between the groups was not significant for any outcome variable.

Conclusions

The results suggest that adding behavioral support emails to a wearable activity tracker intervention may help to increase time spent walking and perceptions of competence and relatedness for PA among women who are overweight or obese.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03601663; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03601663
Privacy and Confidentiality Concerns Related to the Use of mHealth Apps for HIV Prevention Efforts Among Malaysian Men Who Have Sex With Men: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Shrestha Roman , Fisher Celia , Wickersham Jeffrey A , Khati Antoine , Kim Rayne , Azwa Iskandar , Mistler Colleen , Goldsamt Lloyd
Published: December 2021

Background

The use of mobile health (mHealth), including smartphone apps, can improve the HIV prevention cascade for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). In Malaysia, where stigma and discrimination toward MSM are high, the mHealth platform has the potential to open new frontiers for HIV prevention efforts. However, little guidance is available to inform researchers about privacy and confidentiality concerns unique to the development and implementation of app-based HIV prevention programs.

Objective

Given the lack of empirical data in this area, we aim to understand the privacy and confidentiality concerns associated with participation in a hypothetical app-based research study for HIV prevention efforts.

Methods

A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between June and July 2020 among 355 Malaysian MSM. The survey included demographic and sexual health questions and a series of short videos describing a hypothetical app-based HIV prevention program, followed by questions related to privacy and confidentiality concerns in each step of the app-based program (ie, recruitment, clinical interaction, risk assessment, and weekly reminder). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the correlates of willingness to use such an app-based program.

Results

Most of the participants (266/355, 74.9%) indicated their willingness to participate in a hypothetical mHealth app–based HIV prevention program. Participants expressed concerns about privacy, confidentiality, data security, and risks and benefits of participating in all stages of the app-based HIV research process. Multivariate analyses indicated that participants who had a higher degree of perceived participation benefits (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.873; 95% CI 1.274-2.755; P=.001) were more willing to participate. In contrast, participants who had increased concerns about app-based clinical interaction and e-prescription (aOR 0.610; 95% CI 0.445-0.838; P=.002) and those who had a higher degree of perceived risks of participating (aOR 0.731; 95% CI 0.594-0.899; P=.003) were less willing to participate.

Conclusions

Overall, our results indicate that mHealth app–based HIV prevention programs are acceptable for future research on Malaysian MSM. The findings further highlighted the role of privacy and confidentiality, as well as the associated risks and benefits associated with participation in such a program. Given the ever-evolving nature of such technological platforms and the complex ethical–legal landscape, such platforms must be safe and secure to ensure widespread public trust and uptake.
The Cost-effectiveness of a Mass Media Campaign to Promote Smartphone Apps for Weight Loss: Updated Modeling Study
Authors: Jones Amanda C , Grout Leah , Wilson Nick , Nghiem Nhung , Cleghorn Christine
Published: December 2021

Background

Evidence suggests that smartphone apps can be effective in the self-management of weight. Given the low cost, broad reach, and apparent effectiveness of weight loss apps, governments may seek to encourage their uptake as a tool to reduce excess weight in the population. Mass media campaigns are 1 mechanism for promoting app use. However, the cost and potential cost-effectiveness are important considerations.

Objective

The aim of our study was to use modeling to assess the health impacts, health system costs, cost-effectiveness, and health equity of a mass media campaign to promote high-quality smartphone apps for weight loss in New Zealand.

Methods

We used an established proportional multistate life table model that simulates the 2011 New Zealand adult population over the lifetime, subgrouped by age, sex, and ethnicity (Māori [Indigenous] or non-Māori). The risk factor was BMI. The model compared business as usual to a one-off mass media campaign intervention, which included the pooled effect size from a recent meta-analysis of smartphone weight loss apps. The resulting impact on BMI and BMI-related diseases was captured through changes in health gain (quality-adjusted life years) and in health system costs. The difference in total health system costs was the net sum of intervention costs and downstream cost offsets because of altered disease rates. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to health gains and health system costs. Multiple scenarios and sensitivity analyses were conducted, including an equity adjustment.

Results

Across the remaining lifetime of the modeled 2011 New Zealand population, the mass media campaign to promote weight loss app use had an estimated overall health gain of 181 (95% uncertainty interval 113-270) quality-adjusted life years and health care costs of –NZ $606,000 (–US $408,000; 95% uncertainty interval –NZ $2,540,000 [–US $1,709,000] to NZ $907,000 [US $610,000]). The mean health care costs were negative, representing overall savings to the health system. Across the outcomes examined in this study, the modeled mass media campaign to promote weight loss apps among the general population would be expected to provide higher per capita health gain for Māori and hence reduce health inequities arising from high BMI, assuming that the intervention would be as effective for Māori as it is for non-Māori.

Conclusions

A modeled mass media campaign to encourage the adoption of smartphone apps to promote weight loss among the New Zealand adult population is expected to yield an overall gain in health and to be cost-saving to the health system. Although other interventions in the nutrition and physical activity space are even more beneficial to health and produce larger cost savings (eg, fiscal policies and food reformulation), governments may choose to include strategies to promote health app use as complementary measures.
Trends in Teledermatology Utilization in the United States
Authors: Patel Akash D , Rundle Chandler W , Kheterpal Meenal
Published: December 2021

Background

Teledermatology is an effective health care delivery model that has seen tremendous growth over the last decade. This growth can be attributed to a variety of factors, including but not limited to an increased access to dermatologic care for those with socioeconomic or geographic barriers, a reduction in health care costs for both the patient and the physician, and the delivery of high-quality dermatologic care. However, the associated barriers include practice reimbursements, interstate licensing, and liability. Despite these apparent barriers, the emergence of COVID-19 afforded teledermatology a surge of demand and loosened regulations, allowing dermatologists to see higher volumes of teledermatology patients. In this paper, we analyzed the American Academy of Dermatology’s DataDerm registry teledermatology utilization and patient demographic trends throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

The aim of this paper was to characterize national-level teledermatology demographic data in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

National-level data were curated for all practices enrolled in the American Academy of Dermatology’s DataDerm registry from April 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021. Encounter utilization rates were collected for visit type (ie, teledermatology versus in person), sex, race, age, insurance provider, and location (ie, in state versus out of state). The aggregate total data, as opposed to individual encounter data, were collected.

Results

The proportion of women who utilized services via teledermatology (65,023/98,642, 65.9%) was greater than that of those who utilized in-person services (29,40,122/50,48,450, 58.2%). Non-White patients made up a higher percentage of teledermatology utilizers (8920/62,324, 15%) when compared with in-person utilizers (3,94,580/35,08,150, 11.7%). Younger patients (aged <40) contributed more to teledermatology service utilization (62,695/75,319, 83.2%) when compared with in-person services (13,29,218/33,01,175, 40.3%). Medicare was a larger payor contributor for in-person services (8232/1,53,279, 25.2%) than for teledermatology services (10,89,777/43,30,882, 5.4%). Utilization by out-of-state patients was proportionally higher for teledermatology services (19,422/1,33,416, 14.6%) compared with in-person services (5,80,358/1,38,31,400, 4.2%).

Conclusions

Teledermatology services may reach and benefit certain populations (female, younger patients, those with non-White racial backgrounds, and out-of-state patients) more so than others. These baseline demographics may also serve to highlight populations for potential future teledermatology outreach efforts.

Conflict of Interest

None declared.
A screening checklist to minimize the adverse effects of cosmetic dermatological procedures; a short paper (Preprint)
Authors: Fonseka Sanjeewani , Abeyrathna Sewwandi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Cosmetic dermatological procedures which are aimed at enhancing the external appearance have troublesome yet preventable adverse effects. At present, there is a lack of a comprehensive screening guideline to detect patients with risk factors for such adverse effects.

OBJECTIVE

To introduce a comprehensive screening checklist to pick up the patients’ risk factors in advance, in order to prevent or minimize adverse effects from cosmetic dermatological procedures.

METHODS

The checklist was administered to 1150 patients attending an outpatient dermatology clinic for cosmetic dermatological procedures. Checklist composed of 30 ‘yes/no’ type questions and 7 other components in the pre-procedure workup.

RESULTS

Except for two risk factors (being pregnant and having a pacemaker inserted), all other assessed possible risk factors were present in one or more patients who attended for procedures. The most prevalent risk factor was the current use of medications in 226 (19.65%) patients. The other commonly found risk factors were: lack of full understanding of the procedure (14.52%) and phobia/fear of injections (9.30%).

CONCLUSIONS

The screening checklist that we used is a simple yet comprehensive tool for minimizing the possible adverse effects of cosmetic dermatological procedures. We were able to postpone, take remedial actions or alter the cosmetic dermatological procedures after going through the checklist and increase patient satisfaction and improve the safety of the doctor as well.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable
Study on Countermeasures for the High-quality Development of Zunyi Red Tourism
Authors: Fei Liu , Rongli Yuan , Jinyu Yuan , Li Yang , Ke Yan
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the momentum of red tourism development is on the rise, and has become a new growth point leading the socio-economic development of the old revolutionary areas. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, red tourism entered a new stage of high-quality development. How to promote the high quality of red tourism has become a new boom in the tourism industry. Zunyi is one of the five revolutionary holy places, rich in red tourism resources, but has not yet formed a good trend of high-quality development. Based on the realistic dilemma of the high-quality development of Zunyi red tourism, the high-quality development of Zunyi red tourism should take the promotion of supply-side reform as the main line, dig deep into the cultural connotation of red tourism resources, strengthen regional integration, carry out red tourism product innovation, build red tourism brand with local characteristics, improve the quality, efficiency and product effect of Zunyi tourism industry.
La escalaridad y su método: una breve proposición
Authors: Grandi Matheus da Silveira
Published: December 2021

La escalaridad, o la dimensión escalar de la espacialidad, reúne reflexiones sobre los procesos de división y organización de las partes del espacio en totalidades espaciales, indispensables para la comprensión de los fenómenos y la identificación de posibles formas de actuar sobre la realidad. Su presencia es notable en los estudios sobre la dimensión espacial desde la Antigüedad. En estas páginas partimos del reconocimiento de que el estudio de la escalaridad es una de las dimensiones de la espacialidad, fundamental para la construcción de sistemas de conceptos con significado geográfico, tan importantes al discutir el contenido geográfico de los objetos de investigación. Asumimos la tarea de presentar reflexiones iniciales sobre el potencial metodológico que adquiere el interés por la escalaridad de los procesos de producción espacial, en especial cuando reconocemos las dos caras que constituyen esta dimensión de la espacialidad —la cara zonal y la cara reticular—. Comenzamos destacando tres ejes del debate sobre las escalas geográficas en las últimas décadas en el ámbito anglófono, donde estas discusiones han cobrado mayor impulso. A continuación, argumentamos que las dos caras de la escalaridad constituyen el embrión de un método escalar de análisis espacial. Por último, indicamos retos y posibilidades para investigaciones interesadas en esta alternativa metodológica.
Revisión histórica de los mamíferos silvestres de la región biogeográfica del Pacífico nicaragüense
Authors: Medina Fitoria Arnulfo , Fonseca-Martínez José G.
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Se describe la riqueza mastozoológica de la bioregión del Pacífico nicaragüense, una región que por sus características geológicas han dado como resultado una variedad de formaciones naturales como, bosques secos, lagos, lagunas cratéricas, esteros y ríos. Estas características han sido determinantes en los patrones de distribución de 144 especies de mamíferos silvestres que habitan la región (70% de la riqueza nacional). Los grupos más diversos son los murciélagos con el 58 % del total (84 especies) y los roedores con el 17% (25 especies). El 14% de las especies (20 especies) están asociadas al bosque seco. El Pacífico sur, está influenciado por la humedad del Caribe y la costa lacustre presenta una mayor riqueza de especies que la zona noroccidental (la cual es más seca), un patrón que se explica por la diversidad de las especies de murciélagos y roedores. Un total de 12 especies presentan problemas de conservación a nivel mundial o nacional (Peligro de Extinción, En Peligro o Vulnerables). Se reporta la extinción para la región del Pacífico del país de dos especies, el jaguar (Panthera onca) y el danto (Tapirus bairdii).
Palabras clave: distribución, diversidad, ecosistema, especies, extinción, hábitat.
Assessment of the Low Referral Rate of Cardiologists to Dietitians/Nutritionists
Authors: Devries Stephen , Aggarwal Monica , Allen Kathleen , Kris-Etherton Penny , Theriot Paul , Freeman Andrew M.
Published: December 2021

Background: Dietary factors are a leading contributor to cardiovascular disease. Cardiologists are ideally positioned to initiate dietary discussions with patients and to make appropriate referrals to dietitians/nutritionists, yet the frequency of such referrals is unknown.
Methods: A national survey was distributed to cardiologists to assess the frequency of their referrals to dietitians/nutritionists, their assessment of the efficacy of such referrals, and the perceived barriers to patient implementation of dietary changes following referral to dietitians/nutritionists.
Results: A total of 123 cardiologists responded to the survey. The majority of respondents (71%) reported that they referred 10% or fewer of their patients to dietitians/nutritionists. Cardiologists who participated in a nutrition-focused continuing medical education activity were nearly twice as likely to refer patients to a dietitian/nutritionist as those who did not. Thirty-two percent of cardiologists believed that 25% or more of their referred patients made significant gains in achieving dietary goals. Most cardiologists (63%) attributed the primary challenge to achieving dietary goals to “the patient’s lack of interest and motivation in making dietary changes” while 6% believed the lack of desired results were related to the quality of the counseling provided. Overall, 59% of cardiologists endorsed the belief that dietary interventions can improve outcomes to an equal or greater degree than pharmacologic therapy

Conclusion: Cardiologists reported making few referrals to dietitians/nutritionists; however, those who received continuing education in nutrition were significantly more likely to make a referral than those who did not receive nutrition education. The efficacy of referrals to dietitians/nutritionists was considered to be limited, which the majority of cardiologists attributed to a lack of patient interest and motivation—a belief that is not aligned with prior surveys of patient preferences.
IMPACTO DE LA CALIDAD EDUCATIVA SOBRE EL DESEMPEÑO EN PRUEBAS DE INTELIGENCIA DE NIÑOS CON DIFICULTADES LECTORAS
Authors: Escobar José Pablo , Tenorio Marcela , Ceric Francisco , Rosas Ricardo
Published: December 2021

La relación entre inteligencia y educación es compleja. Aunque es una discusión no resuelta, hay modelos teóricos que consideran la inteligencia como producto de la educación, bajo mediación de las habilidades lectoras. La calidad educativa parece ejercer un efecto determinante sobre el desarrollo intelectual, con un impacto aún más importante cuando se trata de niños con dificultades lectoras. Este es un estudio longitudinal a tres años que evaluó el impacto de la calidad de la escuela sobre la evolución de coeficiente intelectual en niños con retraso lector. Los resultados muestran desempeños diferenciados en función de la calidad de la escuela (F [2, 112]= 4.310, p< 0.05). Se observa una disminución significativa en las habilidades verbales de los niños que asisten a la escuela de menor calidad (F [2, 112]= 4.184, p<0.05). Los resultados se discuten a la luz de la calidad en las oportunidades educativas y el papel que el desarrollo lector tiene en la relación entre educación e inteligencia.
MESLEKİ MÜZİK EĞİTİMİ ALAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN BİREYSEL ÇALGI TERCİHLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: AKBUDAK Hayri , TAŞDEMİR Tuna
Published: December 2021

Mesleki müzik eğitimi alan öğrencilerin öğrenim süreçlerini etkileyen faktörlerden biri bireysel çalgı tercihleridir. Öğrencilerin vücut yapısı, çevresel etkenler, müzik türü, eğitim kurumlarının özellikleri gibi faktörler çalgı tercihlerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada lisans düzeyinde mesleki müzik eğitimi alan öğrencilerin lisans öğrenimleri sürecinde bireysel çalgı tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Durum tespitine yönelik tarama modelinde yapılan bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ve çalgı tercihleri ile ilgili görüşlerinin alınması amacıyla 12 sorudan oluşan, yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen görüşler tematik olarak incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’de lisans düzeyinde mesleki müzik eğitimi veren kurumlar, örneklemini ise beş farklı üniversitenin müzik eğitimi veren bölümleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada örneklem olarak seçilmiş üniversitelerde 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri (f=165) çalışma grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre katılımcıların çalgı tercihlerinde etkili olduğu belirlenen “çalgıya duyulan sevgi”, “çalgıda edinilen tecrübe”, “öğretmen”, “müzik türü” ve “okulun imkanları” faktörlerinin çoğunlukta olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
What is a Philosophy of Education?
Authors: Morgan W. John
Published: December 2021

The article considers what is a philosophy and its relation to education . The modern academic development of philosophy has questioned the theoretical basis of specific aspects of knowledge and human experience, including education. It is an active rather than a passive or descriptive discipline. Education is defined similarly as a process by which knowledge, skills (including collecting empirical evidence and reasoning from it), cultural norms, values, and beliefs are acquired. The development of the modern philosophy of education is considered with its emphasis on conceptual analysis. Education is philosophically the conscious development of maturity requiring capacity for both intellectual and economic autonomy. Issues in the contemporary philosophy of education are then considered, particularly the challenges of post-modernism and post-truth for a philosophy of education in an Internet world. It identifies the need for comparative philosophical perspectives other than Occidental ones and suggests philosophical anthropology and comparative education as potential guides. It concludes that although there is now no consensus on how a coherent contemporary philosophy of education may be developed, analysis of concepts, metaphysical reasoning, and ethics may still provide a basis for a coherent and defensible philosophy of education whatever the comparative cultural setting.
Plutocracy, Platonism and Education in Brazil: Some Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Guilherme Alexandre Anselmo , Picoli Bruno Antonio
Published: December 2021

The Lancet stated in its editorial on the 9th of May 2020 that the situation in Brazil was very problematic insofar as the COVID-19 pandemic was concerned. More than a year later, Brazil already registered more than half a million deaths from complications of COVID-19, which places it in second place in the world ranking of deaths despite having the seventh-largest population in the world. Despite this utterly tragic situation, in July 2021, almost 40% of the Brazilian population approved of the federal government's role in confronting the pandemic, and the Brazilian elites have defended openly the view that the economy was more important than individuals' lives. Given this context, in this article, we reflect on the issue of plutocracy, demonstrating its platonic authoritarian foundations, in order to understand the Brazilian elites' attitude toward the pandemic, which had no proper regard or care for the most vulnerable in society. Through this philosophical inquiry we indicate the importance of education, particularly of philosophy of education, in encouraging educationists and educational systems to reflect on problematic issues and self-reflect so as to identify possible educational deficiencies and shortcomings that created the conditions for individuals' attitudes of indifference to the victims of the pandemic and the vulnerable in society.
Interrogating Values of Adult Education Practice in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Benjamin Tak Yuen
Published: December 2021

The practice of adult learning and education (ALE) in Hong Kong is lesser known to the wider community of ALE practitioners due to lack of exchanges with international peers. There is a small community of full-time ALE practitioners working mainly in university continuing education schools but a larger body of uncharacterised or alternative practitioners can also be found. Essentially, both types of practitioners are conservative in their outlook and they adopt strategies that align with market needs and priorities set by public funders. Under the backdrop of neoliberalism which has harmonised ALE practice worldwide, a dominant form of individualised learning makes it difficult to promote group learning for societal advancement. ALE practitioners in Hong Kong are no exception to this influence and have been found to profess philosophical orientations favouring the behaviourist/narrowed progressivist notions of learner empowerment for economic and personal gains. Given recent worldwide renewed enthusiasm in making ALE responsive to societal issues, this paper examines the options and learning areas that ALE practitioners in Hong Kong can make their contributions to, such as: health advocacy, climate justice, and media literacy. Through engaging in these aspects of work, practitioners will have to incorporate methods of facilitating group learning in formal and non-formal ALE programmes and courses. An embrace by practitioners of the original notion of progressivist philosophy in adult education may emerge as one of the outcomes to make ALE practice inclusive, relevant and socially responsible. Even with the ongoing COVID-19 health crisis, it is deemed even more pressing to pursue a balanced practice approach that can take care of individual's skills transformation for post-COVID economy as well as developing human bonds that would help to make society progressive as a countercheck to neoliberal-inspired individualistic adult learning.
Ambivalências da maternidade na literatura brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Dal Bosco Sitta Gabriela , Pinezi Gabriel
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, analisamos como a maternidade é narrada no romance Com armas sonolentas, de Carola Saavedra (2018), cujo enredo enseja uma reflexão a respeito da derrocada do mito do amor materno, o qual postula a bondade inata da mãe (BADINTER, 1980). No romance, a bondade materna é contestada, já que a reação de uma mãe à sua gravidez e às tarefas implicadas no cuidado da criança é narrada a partir de uma disjunção entre dar à luz e amar a prole. Com base nesses aspectos, concluímos que no romance a ambivalência do amor materno se apresenta a partir de uma tensão entre dois polos de significação: o primeiro, trágico (SZONDI, 2004); o segundo, formador (MAAS, 2000).
Retratos de fascismos brasileiros: a relação de Teocrasília e a nova ordem com o bolsonarismo
Authors: Schargel Sergio
Published: December 2021

A distopia é um dos gêneros mais políticos que a literatura pode assumir, já que absorve traços de políticas do real para distorcê-lo sob a forma de um pesadelo. Nesse escopo, é sintomático que as obras Teocrasília e A nova ordem sejam lançadas no período de ascensão de um movimento Ur-Fascista no Brasil, para usar o conceito criado por Umberto Eco. Ambas absorvem fragmentos do bolsonarismo e, no processo de falsificação do real, criam um real literário em que o Ur-Fascismo jabuticaba tornou-se totalitário. Este trabalho colocará em diálogo a teoria política sobre Ur-Fascismo com os dois objetos, a fim de entender como traços desse movimento político são apreendidos pela ficção. Desta forma, contribuirá para o estado da arte ao permitir compreender o Ur-Fascismo em diversas de suas potencialidades, bem como as formas com que a literatura política recria a teoria política.
“I Kept No Silence...” (on the Peculiarities of N. M. Karamzin’s Civil Position)
Authors: Sapchenko Liubov A.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the forms and methods of manifestation of Karamzin’s civic position. The novelty of the approach lies in the fact that the stated problem is considered in the context of the literary evolution of the writer, in chronological sequence, as well as in the aspect of addressing. The author analyzes odes dedicated to Russian rulers, “Historical praise to Catherine II”, historical essays, journalistic articles by Karamzin, “History of the Russian state”, a note “On ancient and new Russia...”, “Opinion of a Russian citizen”, as well as the historiographer’s direct oral and written appeals to Emperor Alexander (conversations with him, letters to him). In the course of the study, the image of the Russian historian-citizen, proclaimer of truth, a wise mentor, who appears as an intermediary between the people and the government, indicates to the monarch and compatriots specific directions and methods of activity, is revealed. That makes obvious Karamzin’s transition from mythologizing Russian rulers in the genre of ode and “Historical Praise to Catherine” to documentary substantiation and rigor in their assessment, to direct instructions to the tsar in the note “On Ancient and New Russia...”, in the “Opinion of a Russian Citizen” and, finally, to the eloquent silence.
Identification of strategies for enhancing member commitment in Greek agricultural cooperatives: The opinion of cooperative experts
Authors: Manousakis Tilemachos , Sergaki Panagiota , Dijk Gert Van
Published: December 2021

In the era of globalization, where competition is growing intensively, the cooperation between small scale farmers can assist them to be sustainable and survive. However, the situation with cooperatives in Greece is found to be on a downward trend due to their poor economic performance, which is later expressed by the diminished commitment of their members. In order to address the described problem we employed a qualitative study consisted of 10 guided interviewees with “cooperative experts”. Through the interviews the participants were asked to clarify their opinions on two major themes: 1) Common Greek cooperative issues, and 2)

Suggestions on strategies employed by cooperatives to enhance members’ commitment. Through our analysis we identified the issues related to the poor management of the cooperatives of the past as the major problems of cooperative in Greece. Regarding the strategies for enhancing commitment of members, the majority of participants highlighted the importance of improving the communication and quality of information provided by the coop to its members for building strong bond of trust and ultimately enhancing their commitment. Although, the improvement of communication takes time and requires consistent effort. Hence, cooperatives may act on employing the appropriate experts in order to improve their process of production and marketing. Strengthening the levels of expertise in the economic activities of the cooperative may assist on the satisfaction of members and enhance their commitment to the coop.
Vinculación de la economía social y el crecimiento verde en Costa Rica bajo un estudio de casos múltiples
Authors: Campos-Rudin Manuel Enrique
Published: December 2021

Costa Rica es líder en temas ambientales y posee una economía social consolidada. La economía social y el crecimiento verde pueden ser una combinación viable para lograr la sostenibilidad. Esta investigación busca conocer, por medio de un estudio de casos múltiples con cuatro cooperativas, una asociación solidarista y una caja de ahorro, si las acciones verdes emprendidas y los beneficios sostenibles obtenidos han generado impactos positivos en estas organizaciones; indaga si estos procesos fueron financiados mediante herramientas financieras verdes. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que sí hay una vinculación del crecimiento verde con los casos estudiados, aunque se detectó que hay aspectos por mejorar, como la protección de la biodiversidad. Además, se perciben beneficios por las acciones verdes realizadas, pero se observa que hay un limitado uso de herramientas financieras verdes, lo cual implica que se podría potenciar el crecimiento verde si se implementaran.
O trabalho de campo como ferramenta para o entendimento de transformações socioespaciais: o caso das feiras orgânicas da cidade de Porto Alegre – RS
Authors: Lindner Michele , Alves Flamarion Dutra
Published: December 2021

O artigo parte da concepção do trabalho de campo como ferramenta didático-pedagógica essencial para o entendimento das transformações socioespaciais. Técnica muito importante para os estudos geográficos, as discussões acerca do protagonismo do trabalho de campo sempre estiveram presentes ao longo do desenvolvimento da disciplina. Utilizado como técnica didático-pedagógica ou parte metodológica de pesquisas, é através dele que a teoria se aproxima da realidade. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca apresentar o exemplo de atividades de campo com alunos de graduação em feiras orgânicas na cidade de Porto Alegre. As análises além de demonstrar a importância da atividade nesses locais, também sinalizam a importância do planejamento do trabalho de campo para o desenvolvimento dos estudantes enquanto pesquisadores.
Impactos da pandemia covid-19 nas festas religiosas e procissões em Mata Grande, Alagoas
Authors: Lima Magda Campos de
Published: December 2021

As procissões são caracterizadas pelo aglomerado de fiéis que percorre um trajeto carregando o andor com a imagem de determinado santo, com a pandemia ocorreu o fechamento de igrejas e santuários, a suspensão das festas religiosas e das procissões. Esse estudo tem o intuito de identificar os impactos que aconteceram nas festas religiosas e procissões na cidade de Mata Grande em Alagoas durante esse período de pandemia da covid-19. A metodologia utilizada foi fenomenológica e para consolidar o estudo usou o método qualitativo. Os dados da pesquisa de (LIMA, 2019) serviram de base para as análises comparativas das práticas religiosas na cidade de Mata Grande. Concluiu que as celebrações religiosas em 2020 comparado com anos anteriores tiveram reduções no número de participantes e o uso de redes sociais.
A espacialidade dos períodos na relação espaço-tempo
Authors: Silva Leonardo Luiz Silveira da , Costa Alfredo , Silva Larissa Santos Rocha da
Published: December 2021

O artigo versa sobre um tópico residente na interface espaço-temporal. Assim como as regiões geográficas, períodos se oferecem ao escrutínio do tempo e espaço. Transitando por uma discussão epistemológica, é objetivo deste artigo refletir sobre a espacialidade dos períodos, propondo vê-los como redes, espaços imaginados e arbitrariedades. Adota-se como metodologia uma estratégia discursiva que nega a abordagem apartada entre ideias e materialidade, ainda que veja sua face de maior tangibilidade na abordagem dos períodos por meio de relações, seja pela duração temporal ou extensão espacial. Conclui-se que os períodos, quando vistos sob o prisma das relações espaciais, são caricaturas da realidade que compõem uma estratégia comunicativa de princípio homogeneizador que, por essência, é oblíquo.
Comparison of the labor market between the countries of the Western Balkans
Authors: Bellaqa Bashkim , Tmava Qazim , Krasniqi Arif
Published: December 2021

The improvement of the labor market, the management, the expansion of foreign direct investment, etc., all play a key role in the economic development of the Western Balkans. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and compare trends in employment, unemployment, gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), labor market management and to study the effects of foreign direct investment on employment in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia) between 2015 and 2019. However, evidence for FDI’s impact is mixed (Navaretti & Venables, 2004). In terms of methodology, comparative and empirical analyses of the strength of the correlation between the dependent variable of employment and the independent variable of FDI for the countries of the Western Balkans have been conducted. Based on analyses, the employment rate in the six Western Balkan countries in 2019 has improved when compared to 2018, except in Montenegro, where it has declined. This study will contribute to enhance understanding of the labor market and the impact of FDI on employment in the Western Balkan countries
Analisis Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Dasar Surakarta
Authors: Tania Apriyana Yesy
Published: December 2021

Pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi Covid-19 membuat guru harus memutar otak untuk berinovasi dan kreatif dalam menyalurkan pengetahuan kepada peserta didik dengan berbagai cara. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2021 di SD Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini: 1) mengetahui implementasi strtegi pembelajaran daring di era pandemi COVID 19 pada sekolah dasar; 2) mengetahui kesulitan yang dialami guru selama menerapkan pembelajaran daring di era pandemi COVID 19 pada sekolah dasar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru wali kelas IIID. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara terstruktur, observasi dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu:1) Pembelajaran daring dilaksanakan sesuai kebijakan sekolah melalui zoom meeting setiap hari pada pukul 08.00-10.45 cukup efektif, hal ini dibuktikan berdasar nilai tengah semester yang menunjukkan rata-rata diatas batas minimum; 2) Kendala yang dialami selama pembelajaran daring di kelas adalah tidak optimalnya guru dalam menjelaskan materi, kendala signal dan masih ada beberapa peserta didik yang belum memiliki HP pribadi untuk mengikuti pembelajaran daring melalui zoom meeting dikarenakan HP dibawa oleh orangtua, sehingga guru selalu memberikan rekaman zoom meeting dan materi dalam bentuk file.
Supervisi Akademik terhadap Kinerja Guru Sekolah Dasar pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Rosalina Niken , Sayekti Ika Candra , Eryani Rita
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan tindak lanjut supervisi akademik yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah terhadap kinerja guru di SDN 2 Mojoreno selama pandemi pada bulan Februari 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif jenis studi kasus dengan teknik analisis data interaktif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Perencanaan supervisi akademik: penentuan pelaksanaan   supervisi selama pandemi dan instrumen supervisi; 2) Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik: dilakukan melalui observasi menggunakan platform zoom meeting dan wawancara menggunakan whatsapp group; 3) Evaluasi supervisi: beberapa guru masih terkendala penggunaan teknologi dalam menerapkan pembelajaran daring, kurang kreatifnya guru dalam memilih media pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan rancangan pembelajaran; 4) Tindak lanjut supervisi akademik:  pembinaan kinerja guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran virtual di Kelompok Kerja Guru (KKG)  melalui zoom meeting atau whatsapp group. Hasil dari supervisi akademik digunakan sebagai pedoman refleksi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru.
INDIVIDUALITY AND SOCIAL INTERESTS IN AHMAD FUADI'S 'ANAK RANTAU': AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITICISM
Authors: Wargadinata Wildana , Haque Arina , Maimunah Iffat , Ritonga Apri Wardana
Published: December 2021

This study aims to know and analyze the theory of individuality and social interest based on Alfred Adler's perspective on the main character in the novel Anak Rantau written by Ahmad Fuadi. The approach in question is related to the personality psychology of the main character, which is known from the storyline. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative based on literature review. The result of this research is that the main character in the novel reflects the theoretical principles in their attitudes, behavior, decisions, and speech acts. The individuality of the main character can be seen from the awareness of his past attitudes, his characteristics that are not easily afraid, and his efforts to compensate for his inferiority. Meanwhile, the social interests of the main character develop in line with the long process in the village community.
De novo aneurysm formation after the contralateral middle cerebral aneurysm clipping operation: a case report and review of literature
Authors: wu zhiwu , Li Meihua
Published: December 2021

A left middle cerebral artery aneurysm was ruptured and clipped, but a
de novo aneurysm on contralateral side ruptured within 5 years in a
38-year-old man. The cause of the formation of de novo aneurysms is
unknown and is not consistent with most of current reports.