bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Gobak Sodor Game on Increasing Agility in PB Athletes. Mega Citra
Authors:   Sport Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Yogyakarta State University. Colombo Street No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Flaviani Ester , Suherman Wawan Sundawan ,   Sport Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Yogyakarta State University. Colombo Street No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Sumaryanti Sumaryanti ,   Sport Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Yogyakarta State University. Colombo Street No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Nugroho Sigit ,   Sport Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Yogyakarta State University. Colombo Street No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Manihuruk Fransfile ,   Sport Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Yogyakarta State University. Colombo Street No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Ansharudin Muhammad Fajar ,   Sport Science Study Program, Postgraduate Program, Yogyakarta State University. Colombo Street No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is whether the gobak sodor game can improve the agility of PB badminton athletes. Mega Image. The benefits of this research are,; 1) theoretically this research opens a paradigm in the field of coaching in general and in particular in badminton to always use local wisdom in badminton physical condition training; 2) this research is expected to increase the knowledge of the trainers so that they choose simple training methods but can improve various physical conditions in badminton; 3) as a reference value for the quality of further research. The results showed that the value of the T test analysis (15.24) was greater than the value of the T table (1.729) so it could be concluded that there was an effect of the Gobak Sodor game on increasing the agility of Pb athletes. Mega Image. Analysis of research data manually without using SPSS. The frequency of exercise is 3 times a week according to the training schedule, the number of meetings is 16 times. The traditional game of gobak sodor is a cultural heritage that can be played by all ages and needs to be applied by coaches for training methods to increase agility in badminton athletes.
Determinant of Executive Compensation (Evidence from Indonesian Banking)
Authors:   Magister of accounting science, University of Lampung, Indonesia, Usmawati Wahyu , Septiyanti Ratna ,   Magister of accounting science, University of Lampung, Indonesia, Syaipudin Usep ,   Magister of accounting science, University of Lampung, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic, in addition to having an impact on Indonesia's economic growth which is a minus, also has a negative impact on almost all industrial sectors in Indonesia. One of the industrial sectors under pressure is the banking sector. The decline in the performance of the banking company will affect the company's profitability. There are many things that will be done by the principal to make efficiencies related to all kinds of expenses, one of the components that can be reviewed is the amount of executive compensation. This study aims to analyze the effect of ROA, credit growth, growth of third-party funds, NPLs, and Covid-19 on the amount of executive compensation for banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018 to 2021. This research is a quantitative study that uses the puposive sampling method. The results of the study found that ROA, credit growth, and company size were able to influence the amount of executive compensation for banking companies in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the growth of deposits, NPLs, and the Covid-19 pandemic did not affect the amount of executive compensation for banking companies in Indonesia.
Prevalence of Anemia among Working Pregnant Women and Their Pregnancy Outcome
Authors:   Assistant Director (Coordination), Directorate General of Family Planning., Rahman Matiur , Islam Khaleda ,   Professor, Institute of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Dhaka University.
Published: February 2023

The main focus of this study was to discover prevalence of anemia among working pregnant women and their pregnancy outcome in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional observational study methodology and a multi-stage random sampling technique were chosen to select the study place. Estimated sample size was 410. A prepared and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Both analytical and descriptive components were used for analysis. Chi-square test was used to find the association. The results were presented with some tabular form as well as in a descriptive manner. About three-fourth of the pregnancies resulted in normal pregnancy outcome, while 23.6% of the surveyed pregnant women experienced abnormal pregnancy outcomes i.e., preterm delivery (0.5%), low-birth weight baby (22.9%) and stillbirth (0.2%). Prevalence of anemia was 65.9%, with 45.4%, 19.8% and 0.5% of the women being mildly, moderately and severely anemic. Analysis reveals that abnormal pregnancy (i.e. Low birth weight, preterm delivery and still birth) outcomes were relatively higher among older mothers and women having lower level of educational qualifications. Severity of anemia during pregnancy had a statistically significant association with abnormal pregnancy outcomes (p=.000). Positive correlation was also found between monthly family income and weight of the baby which was statistically significant (p=0.011).
LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL Y SU CODIFICACIÓN EN MÓVILES COMO PROYECTO ESCOLAR
Authors: Díaz Sánchez Javier
Published: January 2023

Mientras caminas el teléfono inteligente que llevas en tu bolsillo está registrando los lugares que visitas, y conforme más interactúas con él, sus algoritmos aprenden más sobre ti, se personalizan al grado de conocer tus gustos, pues bien, esto es inteligencia artificial en acción y función; y no es necesario imaginar a un robot o computadora compleja, son algoritmos procesando datos para generar información que puede ser analizada y guiada. Ahora bien, si esto lo puede hacer un simple aparato, qué más podría hacer toda una infraestructura especializada en el sector comercial, de servicios o productivo, qué tipo de nuevos trabajos se están formando, qué habilidades y conocimientos son necesarios para responder a las nuevas dinámicas relacionadas con los datos y su procesamiento a través de la codificación en dispositivos móviles e inteligencia artificial; lo anterior no atiende a un futuro lejano, todo lo contrario, es un hecho que si bien es emergente, este crece a pasos acelerados en el mundo productivo. Con lo anterior y en respuesta al quehacer docente, presento este trabajo con el propósito de exponer la necesidad de incluir contenidos curriculares sobre inteligencia artificial y su codificación en dispositivos móviles, a través del análisis de la temática y su implementación como estrategia didáctica, con el fin de impactar en el perfil formativo de los estudiantes, ante su ausencia en los planes curriculares del NMS, y como ha sido abordada esta situación en el Bachillerato Universitario BUAP en beneficio de este tipo de contenido.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE COMPETENCIAS DIGITALES DOCENTES EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICA EN UN CONTEXTO POST PANDEMIA
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Karla Alejandra , Lázaro García María Luisa , Martinez Mercado Jazmin , Zamudio Rodríguez Blanca Rosa
Published: January 2023

El estudio realizado, tiene como objetivo describir el diagnóstico realizado con base en el Marco Europeo de Competencia Digital Docente (DigCompEdu) en el Tecnológico Nacional de México en Coatzacoalcos, México, para la detección de necesidades de formación y capacitación en competencias digitales. El estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, con un nivel descriptivo y corte transversal. El instrumento utilizado permite recabar los datos para realizar el análisis de los resultados a través de la autopercepción y procesarlos para detectar fortalezas y debilidades de las competencias digitales que posee el docente. Esto se realiza a través de 22 ítems que responden a las 6 áreas competenciales definidas por el marco: compromiso profesional (4), recursos digitales (3), pedagogía digital (4), evaluación y retroalimentación (3), empoderar a los estudiantes (3) y facilitar la competencia digital de los estudiantes (5). Realizar un diagnóstico de las competencias digitales docentes en un contexto post pandemia permite fortalecer mediante la capacitación, la integración de las tecnologías en el aula, asegurando una interacción efectiva al incorporarlas y utilizarlas adecuadamente como recurso metodológico dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (Fullan y Donelly, 2013). Dentro de los principales hallazgos del estudio se encuentra que el 43.55% de los docentes posee un nivel Integrador, seguido del 20.97% como Experto, lo cual nos da un total de 64.52% con docentes en un nivel intermedio en cuestión de habilidades digitales, esto quiere decir que aplican, amplían y estructuran sus prácticas digitales.
ACTIVIDAD FISICA ANTES Y DURANTE EL CONFINAMIENTO POR COVID-19 EN MÉXICO
Authors: Estrada Contreras Karla Elizabeth , Estrada Melchor Marisol
Published: January 2023

La actividad física tiene múltiples beneficios a nivel físico, psicológico y social tanto en la salud como en la enfermedad; además de reducir las consecuencias por COVID-19. Objetivo Determinar la realización de la actividad física antes y durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 y su distribución según variables sociodemográficas. Estudio descriptivo-transversal, muestra 600 habitantes de república mexicana, muestreo bolo de nieve no discriminatorio exponencial, trabajo de campo mediante Google forms exprofeso difusión por correo electrónico y redes sociales. Resultados n600, distribución: Noroeste 12%, Noreste 5%, Occidente 68%, Oriente 1%, Centronorte 3%, Suroeste 3%, Sureste 1%; 74% mujeres, 26% hombres, 18 a >60años; estado civil: 55% soltero, el 29% casado, el 10% en unión libre, el 5% divorciado y el 1% viudo. A mayor nivel de confinamiento más se practicaba la actividad física y que a menos nivel de confinamiento más sedentarios y dejaron de practicar actividad física, a menor intensidad de la actividad física menor es su práctica, con respecto al uso de algún servicio profesional en línea para realizar sus entrenamientos en casa a menor nivel de confinamiento menor uso y a mayor nivel de confinamiento mayor uso. Conclusión los cambios en el estilo de vida de los mexicanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19 abrieron áreas de oportunidad, permitiendo gestionar y diseñar intervenciones para prevenir y reducir las consecuencias negativas de los períodos de confinamiento, además, de proponer orientaciones a partir de los resultados al sector privado y al público para enfrentar pandemias.
LA DESERCIÓN EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN PANAMÁ Y SUS CAUSAS
Authors: Pérez Aguirre Alexander Ariel , De Gracia Marcelino , Aguirre María , Ordas Indira , Aranzazu Aranzazu
Published: January 2023

El fenómeno de la deserción universitaria en Panamá es un problema complejo. Este tiene multiplicidad de factores. Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión general de las causas que motivan este problema de la sociedad panameña y plantea algunas medidas potenciales para mitigar la deserción universitaria. La metodología empleada corresponde a una revisión documental de estudios, informes y cifras sobre la deserción universitaria. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a 270 estudiantes universitarios. El tamaño de esta muestra se diseñó con un nivel de confianza del 90% y un error de diseño del 10%. Los resultados de la aplicación de esta encuesta indican que el 60% de los encuestados universitarios utilizan recursos propios para sufragar sus estudios, la mayor cantidad de los estudiantes universitarios encuestados no continuó sus estudios por falta de recursos económicos (40%). Finalmente, se exponen un conjunto de acciones directas para poder mitigar la deserción universitaria en función de la experiencia de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá.
EL ADN EMPRENDEDOR: UNA MIRADA PSICOMÉTRICA AL EMPRENDIMIENTO
Authors: Alfaro Sifontes Manuel Guillermo , Lozano Segura Claudia Margarita , Castillo Artiga Salvador
Published: January 2023

El emprendimiento corresponde a un elemento transformador de las sociedades, focalizándose en el desarrollo tanto en un plano individual como macrosocial. Al respecto, un emprendedor es conceptualizado como una persona creativa que orienta esfuerzos y recursos hacia una nueva idea de negocio, con miras a mantenerla activa a lo largo del tiempo. En este sentido, el emprendedor demuestra un comportamiento particular que le permite desarrollar una idea y asegurar su permanencia en un plano real. Sin embargo, surge el interés por saber si todo ser humano es emprendedor, es decir, si reúne las características de conducta para afrontar las exigencias ambientales en el proceso de trasladar la idea a acciones concretas. Bajo esa perspectiva, en 2015, se propuso crear herramientas de medición orientadas a dos grandes dimensiones: los rasgos de la personalidad emprendedora y la apreciación del entorno. Al respecto, se creó la Escala de Personalidad Emprendedora (EPE) y la Escala Sobre Conducta Emprendedora (ESCE), agrupadas en la batería de tests denominado ADN Emprendedor. Para analizar la validez de ambas escalas, se procedió a realizar un proceso de validación a través de un modelo de Rasch a partir de 1,181 casos y, posteriormente, al cálculo de baremos de interpretación ajustados al contexto universitario. A partir de la evidencia métrica de las escalas, se ha contado con herramientas útiles para el apoyo y la orientación de emprendedores en el contexto universitario.
LA EVOLUCIÓN DE REDES Y EL DESARROLLO DE MODELOS DE INNOVACIÓN DE CUÁDRUPLE HÉLICE
Authors: Alfaro Sifontes Manuel Guillermo , Rivera Bajaña Natalia Elizabeth , Calderón de Pleités Liliana Maricela
Published: January 2023

La innovación es una tarea fundamental por desarrollar en múltiples planos de la realidad para asegurar el bienestar en diversos contextos sociales. Particularmente, esto implica una innovación multidimensional al no sólo centrarse en el surgimiento y aplicación de nuevos conocimientos en el ámbito tecnológico, sino en diversas áreas tal como lo demuestran los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Organización de Naciones Unidas. Llevarlo a cabo exige la participación de una multiplicidad de actores, provenientes de una concepción sistémica de la realidad donde distintos grupos coexisten y deben colaborar entre sí para garantizar un flujo de comunicación. Para lograrlo, los modelos de triple (3H) o cuádruple hélice (4H) se han convertido en una herramienta clave, al involucrar a universidad, gobierno, industria y sociedad civil en redes de colaboración conjunta. La estructura reticular permite una alineación entre actores tanto internos a cada organización como la vinculación con agentes externos. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo se focaliza en analizar el rol de una universidad en la construcción de vínculos intra e interorganizacionales, a través de un modelo 4H para el cumplimiento de los ODS en el contexto salvadoreño. Así pues, el estudio aborda el papel de la universidad a partir de la evolución de las redes interorganizacionales, de 2015 a 2021. A partir de los resultados, ha sido posible comprender el rol diferenciado de las estructuras intra organizacionales universitarias para el cumplimiento de objetivos orientados a fomentar la innovación en el ecosistema salvadoreño.
LA CONSERVACIÓN DE FRUTAS Y VERDURAS EN LA NUEVA NORMALIDAD, COMO EMPRENDIMIENTO
Authors: Gonzalez Avila Elida , Castro Ezequiel , Ramos Sánchez Erick
Published: January 2023

Las actividades que procuran disminuir la huella de carbono son bienvenidas y si se trata de producir o procesar alimentos, se puede contribuir con la solución a la falta de alimentos que sufren algunos países. El cambio climático y otros fenómenos sociales, políticos y económicos, como el bloqueo de los puertos ucranianos por parte de Rusia ya ha elevado los precios mundiales de los alimentos. El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar un emprendimiento para conservar frutas y vegetales por deshidratación en la Provincia de Herrera. Los productores actualmente cosechan por temporadas cada producto agrícola, en donde la mayoría de los productos son desperdiciados debido a la falta de infraestructura adecuada. Por tal motivo, nace la necesidad convertir las frutas y verduras naturales en productos deshidratados para conservarlos consumibles por más tiempo. La ubicación geográfica de Panamá hace favorable el cultivo de productos de buena calidad, lo cual da un valor agregado al producto terminado que se ofrece. La planta procesadora de frutas y vegetales deshidratados se ubicó en Monagrillo, Herrera, ya que la mayor producción de este rubro se realiza en esta región del país. Contando también con acceso a regiones cercanas y productoras como: Herrera, Los Santos, Chiriquí, de donde también se adquirirán frutas y vegetales frescos. La disminución de la huella de carbono está garantizada con la eficiencia que brinda la conservación de las frutas y verduras por deshidratación y extensión de su consumo por un mayor periodo de tiempo.
The Evolving Role of the External Search Firm in the Canadian Decanal Search
Authors: Usunier Marc R.
Published: February 2023

Despite the critical role academic deans play in the leadership and success of universities, most of what we know about the Canadian deanship we know from an  institutional perspective, including our understanding of the recruitment and selec-tion process. The findings presented in this article will facilitate a better understanding of how the increased involvement of external search firms in decanal searches has influenced both the decanal search process and the experiences of those candidates involved in the search. Provosts, deans, and search firm representatives participated in this study. The resultant findings have several important implications for search policy and process, and the conceptual framework proposed will support new research in the area of senior administrative hiring within Canadian universities.
Faculty Perspectives of Academic Integrity During COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Study of Four Canadian Universities
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine , Stoesz Brenda M. , Crossman Katherine , Garwood Kim , McKenzie Amanda
Published: February 2023

Faculty members are crucial partners in promoting academic integrity at Canadian universities, but their needs related to academic integrity are neither well documented nor understood. To address this gap, we developed a mixed methods survey to gather faculty perceptions of facilitators and barriers to using the existing academic integrity procedures, policies, resources, and supports required to promote academic integrity. In this article, we report the data collected from 330 participants at four Canadian universities. Responses pointed to the importance of individual factors, such as duty to promote academic integrity, as well as contextual factors, such as teaching load, class size, class format, availability of teaching assistant support, and consistency of policies and procedures, in supporting or hindering academic integrity. We also situated these results within a micro (individual), meso (departmental), macro (institutional), and mega (community) framework. Results from this study contribute to the growing body of empirical evidence about faculty perspectives on academic integrity in Canadian higher education and can inform the continued development of existing academic integrity supports at universities.
Mandated Leave Policies in the Context of Student Mental Health Challenges at Canadian Universities: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Green David S. , Goldstein Abby L. , Yousaf Amina , Ansari Negin
Published: February 2023

Although there is increased attention to the mental health needs of university students, far less attention has been given to mental health-related university policies. Many Canadian public universities have mandated leave policies that specify the conditions under which a student may be required to take a leave of absence from university. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an in-depth analysis of current mandated leave policies in public Canadian English-speaking universities. Applied framework analysis methodology was used to examine the approaches to balancing the needs of students experiencing mental health challenges and providing a safe environment on campus. Three primary themes regarding mandated leave policies were identified, including (a) approaches for addressing mental health concerns, (b) balancing the needs of the student with the needs of the institution, and (c) guidelines, standards, and quality assurance. Implications for mandated leave policies and approaches to students experiencing mental health challenges are discussed.
Wheelchair Control Using Bluetooth-Based Electromyography Signals
Authors: Prasetyo Yoga Eko , Hindarto Hindarto , Syahrorini Syamsudduha , Wisaksono Arief
Published: February 2023

In modern times like this, many wheelchairs have been developed with various controls, ranging from manual ones, namely by being pushed by other people or using their hands to turn the wheel, to automatic ones, such as electric wheelchairs that use joysticks and Electromyography control. The control of the electromyography signal utilizes muscles that can still be used to move the wheelchair, in this case, using the hand muscles. The use of a Bluetooth wireless system in sending electromyography signals aims to facilitate the use of a wheelchair without interference from the many connected cables so that users are more flexible in placing the electromyography sensor on the user's hand muscles. By placing the electromyography sensor on the user's arm, the electromyography sensor detects a contraction or relaxation, which is indicated by the LED flame. The output value of the sensor will be compared with a predetermined limit value. When the value is greater than the limit value, it will produce a logic low; when the value is less than the limit value, it will build a logic high. The Arduino microcontroller will calculate every low logic. The results of these calculations will be processed into serial data. The serial data will be sent to the HC-05 enslaved person via the HC-05 master wirelessly. The motor driver will execute the data so that it produces motion forward, backward, turn right, turn left and stop. It is hoped that this tool can help individuals with limited movement so that they do not have difficulty in mobility.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND ITS THEORIES
Authors: Vandana Singh , Dr. A. K Aggarwal , Dr. Pallavi Mathur
Published: February 2023

The phrase capital structure refers to the sum of all long-term funding sources. These long-term sources of funding include equity share capital, reserves and surplus, preference share capital, loans, and debentures. A corporation must decide how much of its own funds and outside funds, particularly debt financing, it should have. WACC and a firm's value are impacted by the amount of finance. There are four capital structure theories for this, including the traditional, M&M approach, net income, and net operating income.
Replacement of Fishmeal in the Diet of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Olawale Saba Abdulwakil , Fakoya Kafayat Adetoun , Elegbede Isa Olalekan , Olayiwola Amoo Zakariyyah , Moruf Rasheed Olatunji , Ibrahim Musa Adamu , Akere Taiwo Hassan , Muhammad Dadile Abdulrahman , Adewolu Morenike Adunni , Ojewole Akinloye Emmanuel , Azmai Amal Mohammad Noor
Published: February 2023

Fishmeal is widely accepted as a protein source in fish feed formulation, making it a highly demanded ingredient, and this has probably contributed to its increased cost. Cheaper protein sources of plant and animal origin have been tested as potential replacements for fishmeal to reduce feed costs in fish production and guarantee a suitable nutrient supply for adequate growth. Therefore, this review assessed the effect of replacing fishmeal in the diet of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus based on empirical findings. Using a systematic literature review protocol, an extensive search of five databases resulted in the final inclusion of 32 articles for appraisal and meta-analysis. Fishmeal replacements were at levels ranging from 7–100%, while fish survival rate and feed conversion ratio recorded non-significant effects of fishmeal replacement (p > 0.05). However, final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio revealed a significant effect of fishmeal replacement (p < 0.05) in the diet of African catfish. Our overall analyses suggest that feed ingredients such as microalgae and insects/worms are potentially perfect replacements for fishmeal.
Malignant Male Genital Tract and Urinary System Tumours: Tumour Registry Data Analysis at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Pakistan (2009-2018)
Authors: Anwar Madeeha , Khadim Muhammad Tahir , Asif Muhammad , Din Hafeez ud , Jamal Shahid , Chaudary Umer
Published: February 2023

Objective: To study the frequency and distribution of malignancies of the male genital tract and urinary system.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Histopathology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, fromJan 2009 to Dec 2018.

Methodology: Two thousand four hundred thirteen cases of malignant tumours of the male genital tract and 4278 cases of tumours of the urinary system were extracted from the tumour registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP).

Results: Thirty-seven thousand seven hundred ninety-three malignant cases were reported at AFIP from 2009-2018, in which 2413(6.38%) were of the male genital tract and 4278(11.32%) were of the Urinary system. The most frequent tumour out of these was carcinoma prostate 2024(83.8%), followed by tumours of testis 359(14.8%), penis 7(0.3%) and MGT tumours (NOS).In the urinary system, bladder cancers were most frequently seen 3289(78%), followed by kidney tumours 989(22%). Bladder cancer was the top most and prostate cancer was the second most common tumour in males in the seventh decade (60-69 years). Kidney tumours were the third most common in female children in the first decade, following eye and lymph node malignancies.

Conclusion: Carcinoma prostate was the most frequent male genital tract cancer, followed by the testicular tumour. In the urinary system, bladder cancers were most frequently reported with male predominance followed by kidney tumours.
Frequency of pain in Teeth with irreversible pulpitis after single visit root canal treatment using cryotherapy
Authors: Junaid Saman , Khan Hanan Humayun , Bhangar Faisal , Shah Jawad Ali , Hussain Syed Muzammil , Yousaf Ajmal
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

 Objective:

To determine the frequency of pain in teeth with irreversible pulpitis after single visit root canal treatment using intra-canal cryotherapy.

Study design:

Quasi experimental

Place and duration of study:

Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed forces institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi from 1st June 2017 to 31st December 2017.

Material and Methods:

Total of 140 patients from 20 to 65 years were equally divided into two groups Group A in which Cryotherapy was used and Group B was control group. After anesthetizing the tooth & application of Rubber Dam, Root canal preparation was done with Protaper next series and copious irrigation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA solution. In group A patients the final irrigation was done with Normal saline at a temperature of 2.5°C. In the control group, final irrigation was performed with normal saline at room temperature. Obturation was done with cold lateral condensation and permanent restoration was done with composite. Patients were contacted by telephone after 24 Hours and were asked whether they experienced any pain.

Results:

Mean age was 39.26+12.61 years. There were 82 (58.6) male and 58 (41.4) female patients. Comparison of cryotherapy group and controls was done in terms of post-operative pain. After 24 Hours 80% of the patients in group A has no pain while in control group 61.4% were pain free.

Conclusion:

Key words: Root canal treatment, cryotherapy, irreversible pulpitis, postoperative pain
Reference Interval of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and free Tetra-iodothyronine in Healthy Pregnant Women of Quetta, Baluchistan
Authors: Khan Azadi , Asif Naveed , . Razaullah , Khan Taimoor Ashraf , Khan Asma , Malik Saima Shakil
Published: February 2023

Objective: To establish the reference intervals of thyroid stimulating hormone and free Tetraiodothyronine in healthy pregnant women of Quetta, Baluchistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Study Setting and Duration: Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, at Jun 2018 to Jun 2019.Methodology: Consecutive blood samples of healthy pregnant women (in all three trimesters) were taken to analyse thyroid stimulating hormone and free Tetra-iodothyronine by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For all three trimesters, the 5th and 95th percentiles were taken as reference intervals of thyroid stimulating hormone and free Tetraiodothyronine.

Results: A total of 388 blood samples were taken. Of these, 136 samples were from the first trimester. The mean age of the study population was 25.1±3.7 years in the first trimester, 26.7±4.5 years in the second trimester, and in the third trimester, it was 26.8±4.8 years. The reference interval for thyroid stimulating hormone in the first trimester was 0.6-3.3 uIU//ml, while it was 0.6-3.8uIU/ml and 0.6- 2.7uIU//ml during the second and third trimesters, respectively. Similarly, in the first-trimester reference interval for free Tetraiodothyronine was 9.8-18.0pmol/l. The values of free Tetraiodothyronine in the second and third trimesters were 10.4-20.1pmol/l and 11.0-20.9pmol/l, respectively.

Conclusion: All laboratories should establish reference intervals for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to avoid misdiagnosing thyroid disorders during pregnancy.
Comparison of Depression in Low Vision Patients and Normal Vision Patients
Authors: Hussain Irshad , Ali Malik Wajid , Khan Faisal Aziz , Islam Qamar ul , Shafi Saba
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the frequency of depression in low vision and normal vision patients.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital, Malir Cantt, Karachi Pakistan, from Dec 2017 to May 2019.

Methodology: Patients with low vision and normal vision were evaluated for depression. Initially, each patient underwent a complete Outpatient ophthalmological workup. Then, the patients were assigned to the low vision and normal vision groups,and after informed consent, each patient was to complete Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Result: Two hundred and sixty-nine patients with low vision and 275 patients with normal vision were included in the study.One hundred and eighty-two (67.66%) patients with low vision and 71(25.82%) patients with normal vision were found to have significant depression (PHQ-9 score≥5). Depression was significantly more prevalent in the Low Vision-Group (p=<0.01).

Conclusion: Significantly high level of depression in the Low Vision-Group needs to be taken care of in ophthalmology departments. The ophthalmologist should not look into the eyes but treat the patients as human beings.
Blunting Stress Response During Intubation in Hypertensive Patients; A Comparison Between Lidocaine and Magnesium Sulphate
Authors: Feroze Rehana , Hussain Aftab , Naseer Mehwish
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare blunting of hemodynamic stress response to intubation using Magnesium Sulphate versus Lidocaine in hypertensive patients.

Study Design: Prospective comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Anaesthesia Department Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: A total of 232 hypertensive patients of the ASA status II, undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring intubation, were randomly divided into two groups, Group-L (Lidocaine) and Group-M (Magnesium Sulphate). Lidocaine 1.5mg/kg was given to Group-L 90 seconds before laryngoscopy, whereas Magnesium Sulphate 30mg/kg was given over ten minutes to Group-M before laryngoscopy. Baseline means arterial pressure was recorded. Mean arterial pressure was subsequently recorded each minute after intubation for five minutes.

Results: Both groups were similar with regard to demographic data. After intubation, both groups had an increase in mean arterial pressures. Blunting of stress response was observed in 78 patients (67.2%) in Group-L and 55 patients (47.4%) in Group-M. Two groups showed a significant statistical difference (p=0.003).Conclusion: Both drugs are effective in blunting hemodynamic stress response to intubation in hypertensive patients, but Lidocaine is more effective than Magnesium Sulphate.
Antiviral Therapeutic Monitoring: Role of Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen versus Hepatitis C Virus RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Farooq Hajra , Iqbal Muhammad Zaheer , Zamaan Tariq Waheed U , Chughtai Omar Rasheed , Choudhry Asad Ali , Mushtaq Saadiya
Published: February 2023

Objective: To study the association between hepatitis C virus viral load by real-time PCR and core antigen value of HCV and define an antiviral treatment monitoring cut-off value for HCV core antigen.

Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Infectious Diseases, Chughtai Lab Lahore Pakistan, from Jun 2017 to Mar 2018. Methodology: To establish the association between these two parameters, we took a hundred positive plasma samples for HCV RNA and subjected them to an HCV Core antigen test. Furthermore, the samples were divided into three categories based on their viral load; <2000 IU/ml, 2000-10,000 IU/ml and >10000 IU/ml.

Results: Our results showed that the hepatitis C virus core antigen was concordant with hepatitis C virus RNA by PCR when the viral load was above 2000 IU/ml. Below the HCV RNA load of 2000 IU/ml, the HCV core antigen had a sensitivity of 94.95% and specificity of 88.89%.

Conclusion: In patients having a viral load above 2,000 IU/ml, the hepatitis C virus core antigen value can be used as a marker for diagnosis and monitoring antiviral therapy. After the antiviral treatment, HCV RNA real-time PCR should be performed to validate viral clearance.
Expression of NKX 3.1 in Sertoli Cell Tumors
Authors: Fatima Arooj , Mushtaq Sajid , Loya Asif
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the NKX3.1 expression by immunohistochemistry in normal testicular parenchyma and in Sertoli cell tumours and Sertoli Leydig cell tumours of the testes and ovary.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore Pakistan, from 2010-2021.

Methodology: We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the positivity and loss of nuclear expression of NKX3.1 in the Sertoli cell tumour (11 cases), Sertoli Leydig cell tumour (31 cases) and in normal testicular parenchyma (7 cases).

Results: In our study, there were 49 cases. All the cases of benign testicular parenchyma expressed positivity with nuclear staining of NKX 3.1 in Sertoli cells. Two out of 11 Sertoli cell tumours expressed positivity with nuclear positivity of NKX 3.1 in Sertoli cell component (18.18%) and 9 of the cases showed loss of staining of NKX 3.1 (81.8%). All Sertoli Leydig cell tumours showed loss of staining of NKX 3.1.

Conclusion: Nuclear expression of NKX 3.1 is seen in Sertoli cells of normal testicular parenchyma. This staining is lost in Sertoli cell tumours and Sertoli Leydig cell tumours.
Comparison of Effects of Salbutamol Inhalation with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Alone in the Management of Severe Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Authors: Afzal Warda , Zaidi Syed Taqi Hasan , Saba Ameena , Shujaat Wasif , Fatima Benish , Maqsood Almas
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find the frequency of known risk factors in cases of severe transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and to measure the effect of inhaled Salbutamol to bubble CPAP on required treatment duration.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Combined Military Hospital, Malir Cantt, Karachi Pakistan, from Nov 2019 to Jun 2020.

Methodology: A total of 60 cases of severe TTN, labelled on a predefined criterion were included in the study. The sample was randomized into two groups using an alternate sampling technique. Group-A was treated with bubble CPAP alone, while in Group-B, inhaled Salbutamol was added. The response was measured regarding the time taken to settle respiratory distress.

Results: Out of 60 cases, 54(90.0%) were delivered through Caesarean section. A total of 9(15.0%) cases were born prematurely. Polycythemia was found in 10(16.6%) cases. Maternal asthma and gestational diabetes frequency were 8(13.33%) and 12(20.0%), respectively. A significant reduction was seen in the duration of respiratory distress in the study population receiving bubble CPAP with inhaled Salbutamol in the first 24 hours of illness (p-value<0.001).

Conclusion: Caesarean section is the most significant risk factor for developing TTN. Adding Salbutamol nebulization to bubble CPAP resulted in an earlier settlement of respiratory distress.
Efficacy of Autologous Serum with Antihistamine Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Naz Syeda Sibgha , Mushtaq Shegref , Akhtar Aisha , Ahmed Najia
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of autologous serum with Antihistamine therapy in treating chronic urticaria.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology Department, Pak Emirate Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019.

Methodology: One hundred four patients of chronic urticaria (≥3 times/ week for ≥6 weeks) with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years were assigned the treatment groups using a lottery method. i.e., Group-A (autologous serum therapy) and Group-B(Antihistamine therapy). During the eight weeks of therapy, weekly Urticaria Activity Scoring (UAS-7) was utilized to quantify response in terms of the number of weals and pruritus.

Results: Of 104 patients, 75(72.12%) were females, and 29(27.88%) were males. Sixty-nine patients were between 18 to 35 years of age, with a mean age of 37.79±10.15 years in Group-A and 38.04±10.98 years in Group-B. Efficacy of Group-A (autologous serum therapy) was seen in 40(76.92%) patients while in Group-B (Antihistamine therapy) it was seen in 25(48.08%) patients(p-value =0.002).

Conclusion: Autologous serum therapy is more effective than Antihistamine therapy in treating chronic urticaria.
The Impact of Knowledge, Perception on the Major Amputation in People with Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Arif Anum , Malik Nayab Munir , Bhatti Ahsin Manzoor , Sohail Aima , Riaz Bismah , Imtiaz Mohammad Salman
Published: February 2023

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge and practice of diabetic patients in terms of the diabetic foot and correlate it with the severity of diabetic foot and limb loss.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Vascular Surgery, Combined military hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021.

Methodology: Data was recorded in terms of demographics, knowledge and practice of control of blood sugars and foot care of the patients. SINDBAD scoring was used to assess the severity of diabetic foot and compare it with their knowledge and practice and ultimately as an outcome of their limb salvage.

Results: Most patients 171(88.6%) already had a diabetic foot ulcer. Hypertension alone 72(37.3%) was the most common comorbid condition. A large percentage of patients, 108(63%), ultimately ended up with a limb amputation. A higher age and longer duration of diabetes were associated with an adverse outcome of diabetic foot disease. According to the SINDBAD scoring, the assessment of the foot showed the majority 142(73.6%), had lost protective sensation, with the ulcer being greater than 1cm2 in a large number 147(76.2%) of feet.

Conclusion: While steps are made for patient awareness related to diabetes and its complications, there is a need to address the decreased applicability of this knowledge by the patients, especially with regard to diabetic foot disease.
The Comparison of the Efficacy of Probiotic (Bacillus Clausii)with Yoghurt in the Management of Acute Watery Diarrhoea
Authors: Rehman Romisa , Ahmad Asad Maqbool , Razzaq Asma , Ullah Hakeem , Rehman Zarlish , Rehman Roshaan
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Probiotics with the yoghurt in the management of children with acute diarrhoea in terms of frequency and consistency of stools.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2020.

Methodology: Patients were allotted into three Groups A, B, or C. Group-A received a Probiotic (Bacillus Clausii), Group-B received plain yoghurt, and Group-C did not receive yoghurt or Probiotic. The outcome was an improvement in stool consistency at 72 hours. Stool consistency was assessed via Bristol stool chart along with frequency. Data were collected 72 hours after initiation of treatment.

Result: The total number of patients enrolled was 159(53 in each Group). Among these, 85(53.5%) were males, and 74(46.5%) were females. There was a statistically significant association in terms of consistency (p=0.001) and term of frequency (p<0.001) in the Probiotic and Yoghurt-Group.

Conclusion: The outcome in terms of consistency is almost equal in the Probiotic and Yoghurt-Group. However, Probiotic is superior to yoghurt in terms of frequency.
Management Outcome of Patients with Infected Sternotomy Wounds
Authors: Shabbir Farwa , Sarwar Saad ur Rehman , Rashid Mamoon , Rashid Haroon Ur , Gohar Maimoona , Khan Sohrab
Published: February 2023

Objective: to evaluate management outcomes of post-sternotomy wounds.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to Dec 2021.

Methodology: We reviewed 35 patients who had developed sternal wound infections post-cardiothoracic surgery. Outcomes of the study were measured using the SF-36 Quality of Life questionnaire.

Results: Our patients presented with either Pairolero Type-II 11(31.4%) or Type-III 19(54.2%) sternal wound infection. Preoperatively patients scored 296.667±69.40 in physical functional, 100.00±30.51 in limitations due to physical health, 16.67±37.90 in role limitation due to emotional problems, energy/fatigue scored 43.53±23.70, emotional well-being 163.33±23.54, social functioning as 11.40±11.66, pain score 31.25±19.90 and general health 131.67±35.31. The improvement in scores was noted in all domains postoperatively. Physical functioning mean scored as 790.00±48.07, role limitations due to physical health scored as310.34±67.32, role limitations due to emotional problems scored as 266.67±47.94, energy/fatigue 284.67±18.71, emotional well being 448.67±18.71, social functioning 185.83±12.60, pain score 164.17±22.01 and general health 316.67±34.95. Thirty-four (97.1%) out of 35 patients recovered well postoperative, with a maximum follow-up of 4 years and a minimum follow-up of 1 year. One patient expired on the sixth day of muscle flap coverage of the wound due to cardiac arrest.

Conclusion: A positive prognosis can be obtained by this treatment protocol.
Outcome of Early and Late Induction of Labour in Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Sohail Amina , . Mahum , Muzaffar Tabassum , Saleem Uzma , Tahir Ali Mujtaba , Zulqarnain Hafiz
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of early and late labour induction in premature rupture of membranes and compare their outcome.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan,from Jan-Dec 2021.

Methodology: One hundred and sixty-four pregnant women aged 18-35 years, with uncomplicated pregnancies at gestational age ≥37 weeks to ≤40 weeks with premature rupture of membranes, were included. All primigravida and multiparous with previous normal vaginal deliveries were selected. Patients were selected with reactive CTG, adequate pelvis, clear liquor and vertex presentation. Induction of labour achieved with cervical Prostaglandin E2. Labour was monitored accordingly.

Results: Seventy-four women (45%) presented (and got induction of labour) within 12 hours of premature rupture of membranes (early induction of labour), while 90(55%) fell under late induction of labour. 35(21%) were delivered by instrumental vaginal delivery, while 31(19%) were delivered by caesarian section. The most common indication of the caesarian section was fetal distress (36%), followed by poor progress of labour (32%). Patients with early induction of labour witnessed less chorioamnionitis (7% vs 18%) and post-partum haemorrhage (8% vs 13%). Likewise, with early induction of labour incidence of neonatal sepsis was less (3% vs 10%) with limited poor APGARs at birth (3% vs 12%). No early neonatal death was observed in 164 cases.

Conclusion: For women with term premature rupture of membranes, earlier induction of labour results in lower maternal and fetal morbidity.
The Outcome of Obesity in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Muzaffar Tabassum , Abbas Sana , Sheraz Shahida , Bano Islam , Sohail Amina , Wasim Zahra
Published: February 2023

Objective: To find out fetal and maternal outcomes among obese pregnant females.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021.

Methodology: A total of 124 pregnant obese women (BMI more than 30kg/m2), gestational age between 13-24 months, having fasting blood glucose and blood pressure within normal limits were enrolled in the study and were subsequently followed throughout pregnancy upon antenatal visits scheduled as per guidelines. Participants with diabetes mellitus or hypertension,above 40 years of age, family or previous history of gestational diabetes, and pre-eclampsia were also excluded from the study. Fetal and maternal outcomes were noted.

Results: One hundred and twenty-four (124) pregnant obese women were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 33.7±4.1 years (21 -38 years). Out of which, 86(69.4%) had cesarean section primarily due to pre-eclampsia, prolonged or dysfunctional labour causing fetal distress. There were 8 cases of miscarriage and 3 cases of stillbirth. 26(21.0%) women presented with gestational diabetes mellitus, 31(25.0%) with pre-eclampsia and 12(9.7%) developed both conditions. There were 7(5.6%) participants who delivered babies with macrosomia, 1(0.8%) anencephaly, 3(2.4%) congenital deafness and 1(0.8%) cleft lip.

Conclusion: Obesity in pregnancy can lead to serious maternal and fetal outcomes ranging from abortions to neonatal anomalies and fetal death. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose and manage these difficult conditions.