bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and Emotional Wellbeing Among Young People; the Mitigating Role of Ecological Domains
Authors: Turkmani Sabera , Bista Sarita , Wang Joanna J. J. , O’Donnell Alexander W. , Thomson Catherine , Radcliffe Natasha Jane , Skattebol Jennifer , Redmond Gerry , Brooks Fiona
Published: January 2023

To examine the role of neighbourhood, what Bronfenbrenner describes as an element in the exosystem, as a protective asset for adolescents’ social and emotional wellbeing. The study used a subset of national data reported by adolescents and their parents from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). A linear mixed-effect model was used to estimate the association between neighbourhood indicators and trajectories in a measure of social and emotional wellbeing (the SDQ Total Difficulties score) at ages 12–13, 14–15 and 16–17, controlling for age and sex, peer and family relationships and household material resources. The analysis revealed that parents’ perceptions of belonging and their subjective assessments of the condition of housing in the neighbourhood, as well as externally sourced data on neighbourhood accessibility and socio-economic status, were significantly associated with adolescents’ total difficulties scores over time. The findings revealed the role of neighbourhood level protective assets as a potential influence on adolescents’ social and emotional wellbeing. Greater attention should be given to understanding the complex interactions between the resources mobilised by individuals and their families, and the influence of wider environments and social structures on young people’s social and emotional wellbeing.
HistoTrust: tracing AI behavior with secure hardware and blockchain technology
Authors: Paulin Dylan , Joud Raphaël , Hennebert Christine , Moëllic Pierre-Alain , Franco-Rondisson Thibault , Jayles Romain
Published: January 2023

In areas of activity where the notion of accountability is strong, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is limited by the opacity and lack of understanding of its behavior, all the more so in the embedded domain where neural networks are compressed and executed on microcontrollers. While the NIST introduced in 2021 several principles allowing the AI explainability, this paper introduces a novel scheme, HistoTrust, combining secure hardware and blockchain technology to bring trust in the traceability of AI behavior and allow its explainability. HistoTrust attests in an Ethereum ledger all the relevant data produced by a physical device, especially the heuristics inferred by AI. Thus, the audition of the ledger allows security verifications and AI behavior analysis.
Olov Oscarsson (1931–1996) of Lund University, a Pioneer in Cerebellar Neurobiology
Authors: Triarhou Lazaros C. , Manto Mario
Published: January 2023

The present Cerebellar Classic highlights the experimental work of the Swedish neurophysiologist Olov Oscarsson (1931–1996) on the afferent innervation of the cerebellum by axons emanating from neurons in the spinal cord and the inferior olive. Historically, the schemes of cerebellar division had been principally based on the external morphology of lobules and fissures. However, the macroscopic anatomical division of the cerebellum does not coincide with its pattern of functional organization. By defining a system of longitudinal somatotopy, Oscarsson contributed to the much needed plan of cerebellar division that correlates experimental information on axonal connections with physiology. His contribution has ultimately led to the currently accepted microzonal modular scheme of cerebellar corticonuclear microcomplexes.
Handheld NDVI sensor-based rice productivity assessment under combinations of fertilizer soil amendment and irrigation water management in lower Moshi irrigation scheme, North Tanzania
Authors: Kimaro Oforo Didas , Gebre Sintayehu Legesse , Hieronimo Proches , Kihupi Nganga , Feger Karl-Heinz , Kimaro Didas N.
Published: January 2023

Handheld optical sensor was used to measure canopy reflectance at red region (656 nm) and near-infrared region (774 nm) to generate NDVI data for monitoring rice productivity under soil amendment with combinations of fertilizers at two levels of water regime in smallholder Irrigation Scheme, in Lower Moshi, North Tanzania. The study was carried out in an experimental design which consisted of two irrigation water levels (flooding and system of rice intensification) with multi-nutrients (NPK) and single nutrient (urea) application replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Flood irrigation water was applied at 7 cm height throughout the growing season, while SRI treatment irrigation water was applied at 4 cm height under alternate wetting and drying conditions. The annual rates of fertilizers applied was 120 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, and 25 kg K/ha. The variety SARO-5 was used in this experiment. Simple correlation coefficient (r) was used to measure the degree of association between field crop performance parameters (plant height, number of tillers, biomass, yield) and NDVI across growth stages and three positions of the sensor above the canopy in the tested fertilizer combinations and water regimes. Results show that at any given fertiliser combinations and water levels, there was no significant correlation between plant height and NDVI except for the plant height at a vegetative stage for 0.6 m above the crop canopy and booting stage at 0.3 m and 0.6 m above the canopy, respectively (P < 0.05). A good correlation was also observed between NDVI at booting and full booting stage regardless of the position of the sensor above the canopy and the number of tillers at full booting growth stage (P < 0.05). A significant relationship was observed between rice grain yield and NDVI at the vegetative, booting, and full booting stage. The simple linear regression models explained only slightly < 30% of the yield predictions by NDVI at the early stage of the crop growth, decreasing gradually to 5% at the full booting growth stage. Results demonstrate a positive linear relationship between rice grain yield and NDVI for the tested soil fertiliser amendments and irrigation water regimes. Thus, we conclude that handheld NDVI-based sensor can be used in smallholder rice yield predictions for optimising soil fertiliser use and irrigation water management. This allows future multi-functional land management within the soil–water-food nexus.
Understanding the Experiences of How Mindfulness is Used by People with Cystic Fibrosis: Barriers and Enablers
Authors: Kauser Sophia , Mantzios Michail , Keyte Rebecca , Egan Helen
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Mindfulness practices are increasingly being recognised as beneficial in supporting health, wellbeing, and psychological functioning. There is currently limited evidence of how mindfulness is used within a population of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). In order to effectively inform the development of future psychological mindfulness-based interventions for this population, it is imperative to first understand how individuals with CF are currently engaging with mindfulness.

Method

Internet-mediated research (IMR) was used to explore attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding the use of mindfulness practices across a CF population. IMR allowed for a natural, unobtrusive method of data collection that involved the collection of publicly available posts from two global online CF forums.

Results

A variety of formal and informal mindfulness practices were positively experienced by the CF community, with beneficial impacts upon emotional and psychological wellbeing, and physical health. The data highlighted a clear interest in proactive mindfulness practice, whilst also exploring some of the associated challenges with certain practices.

Conclusions

Proactive psychological support that considers the use of mindfulness and self-care practices may form a particularly valuable tool in supporting the quality of life for present and future generations of people with CF. Increased awareness and education regarding the use of different formal and informal mindfulness practices in CF care would be beneficial in enabling people to make more informed choices.
Simulating the Impact of Shared Mobility on Demand: a Study of Future Transportation Systems in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Lorig Fabian , Persson Jan A. , Michielsen Astrid
Published: January 2023

Self-driving cars enable dynamic shared mobility, where customers are independent of schedules and fixed stops. This study aims to investigate the potential effects shared mobility can have on future transportation. We simulate multiple scenarios to analyze the effects different service designs might have on vehicle kilometers, on the required number of shared vehicles, on the potential replacement of private cars, and on service metrics such as waiting times, travel times, and detour levels. To demonstrate how simulation can be used to analyze future mobility, we present a case study of the city of Gothenburg in Sweden, where we model travel demand in the morning hours of a workday. The results show that a significant decrease of vehicle kilometers can be achieved if all private car trips are replaced by rideshare and that shared vehicles can potentially replace at least 5 private cars during the morning peak.
Parameters, Properties, and Process: Conditional Neural Generation of Realistic SEM Imagery Toward ML-Assisted Advanced Manufacturing
Authors: Howland Scott , Kassab Lara , Kappagantula Keerti , Kvinge Henry , Emerson Tegan
Published: January 2023

The research and development cycle of advanced manufacturing processes traditionally requires a large investment of time and resources. Experiments can be expensive and are hence conducted on relatively small scales. This poses problems for typically data-hungry machine learning tools which could otherwise expedite the development cycle. We build upon prior work by applying conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) to scanning electron microscope (SEM) imagery from an emerging advanced manufacturing process, shear-assisted processing and extrusion (ShAPE). We generate realistic images conditioned on temper and either experimental parameters or material properties. In doing so, we are able to integrate machine learning into the development cycle, by allowing a user to immediately visualize the microstructure that would arise from particular process parameters or properties. This work forms a technical backbone for a fundamentally new approach for understanding manufacturing processes in the absence of first-principle models. By characterizing microstructure from a topological perspective, we are able to evaluate our models’ ability to capture the breadth and diversity of experimental scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples. Our method is successful in capturing the visual and general microstructural features arising from the considered process, with analysis highlighting directions to further improve the topological realism of our synthetic imagery.
Losses from cross-holdings in a duopoly with convex cost and strategic input price determination
Authors: Mukherjee Arijit
Published: January 2023

It is well-known that positive output externality on the outside firms is the reason for unprofitable passive cross-holding, which refers to a situation where a producer holds non-controlling shares in rival firms. Considering a final goods market with Cournot duopoly, where cross-holdings do not create positive output externality on the outside firms, we show that cross-holdings can be unprofitable under strategic input price determination by an input supplier if the final goods are produced with decreasing returns to scale technologies. Our results hold under symmetric and asymmetric cross-holdings. We show that cross-holdings can be unprofitable also under Bertrand duopoly in the final goods market. Thus, we provide a new reason for unprofitable passive cross-holdings. We also show the implications of a higher product differentiation on the profits and welfare.
An efficient weighted network centrality approach for exploring mechanisms of action of the Ruellia herbal formula for treating rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ochieng Peter Juma , Hussain Abrar , Dombi József , Krész Miklós
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study outlines an efficient weighted network centrality measure approach and its application in network pharmacology for exploring mechanisms of action of theRuellia prostrata(RP) andRuellia bignoniiflora(RB) herbal formula for treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Method

In our proposed method we first calculated interconnectivity scores all the network targets then computed weighted centrality score for all targets to identify of major network targets based on centrality score. We apply our technology to network pharmacology by constructing herb-compound-putative target network; compound-putative targets-RA target network; and imbalance multi-level herb-compound-putative target-RA target-PPI network. We then identify the major targets in the network based on our centrality measure approach. Finally we validated the major identified network targets using the enrichment analysis and a molecular docking simulation.

Result

The results reveled our proposed weighted network centrality approach outperform classical centrality measure in identification of influential nodes in four real complex networks based on SI model simulation. Application of our approach to network pharmacology shows that 57 major targets of which 33 targets including 8 compositive compounds, 15 putative target and 10 therapeutic targets played an important role in the network and directly linked to rheumatoid arthritis. Enrichment analysis confirmed that putative targets were frequently involved in TNF, CCR5, IL-17 and G-protein coupled receptors signaling pathways which are critical in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. The molecular docking simulation indicated four targets had significant binding affinity to major protein targets. Glyceryl diacetate-2-Oleate and Oleoyl chloride showed the best binding affinity to all targets proteins and were within Lipinski limits. ADMET prediction also confirm both compounds had no toxic effect on human hence potential lead drug compounds for treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion

This study developed an efficient weighted network centrality approach as tool for identification of major network targets. Network pharmacology findings provides promising results that could lead us to design and discover of alternative drug compounds. Though our approach is a purely in silico method, clinical experiments are required to test and validate the hypotheses of our computational methods.
Hemodynamic and fluid flow analysis of a cerebral aneurysm: a CFD simulation
Authors: Rahma Ahmed G. , Abdelhamid Talaat
Published: January 2023

In this study, we investigate the hemodynamics parameters and their impact on the aneurysm rupture. The simulations are performed on an ideal (benchmark) and realistic model for the intracranial aneurysm that appears at the anterior communicating artery. The realistic geometry was reconstructed from patient-specific cerebral arteries. The computational fluid dynamics simulations are utilized to investigate the hemodynamic parameters such as flow recirculation, wall shear stress, and wall pressure. The boundary conditions are measured from the patient using ultrasonography. The solution of the governing equations is obtained by using the ANSYS-FLUENT 19.2 package. The CFD results indicate that the flow recirculation appears in the aneurysms zone. The effect of the flow recirculation on the bulge hemodynamics wall parameters is discussed to identify the rupture zone.
Equivariant quantum graph circuits: constructions for universal approximation over graphs
Authors: Mernyei Péter , Meichanetzidis Konstantinos , Ceylan İsmail İlkan
Published: January 2023

We investigate quantum circuits for graph representation learning, and propose equivariant quantum graph circuits (EQGCs), as a class of parameterized quantum circuits with strong relational inductive bias for learning over graph-structured data. Conceptually, EQGCs serve as a unifying framework for quantum graph representation learning, allowing us to define several interesting subclasses subsuming existing proposals. In terms of the representation power, we prove that the subclasses of interest are universal approximators for functions over the bounded graph domain. This theoretical perspective on quantum graph machine learning methods opens many directions for further work, and could lead to models with capabilities beyond those of classical approaches. We also provide experimental evidence, and observe that the performance of EQGCs scales well with the depth of the model.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy or combined with other small molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer
Authors: Muaibati Munawaer , Abuduyilimu Abasi , Zhang Tao , Dai Yun , Li Ruyuan , Huang Fanwei , Li Kexin , Tong Qing , Huang Xiaoyuan , Zhuang Liang
Published: January 2023

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal female reproductive system tumour. Despite the great advances in surgery and systemic chemotherapy over the past two decades, almost all patients in stages III and IV relapse and develop resistance to chemotherapy after first-line treatment. Ovarian cancer has an extraordinarily complex immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in which immune checkpoints negatively regulate T cells activation and weaken antitumour immune responses by delivering immunosuppressive signals. Therefore, inhibition of immune checkpoints can break down the state of immunosuppression. Indeed, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of many solid tumours. However, ICIs have yielded modest benefits in ovarian cancer. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic basis of the immune checkpoints is needed to improve the efficacy of ICIs in ovarian cancer. In this review, we systematically introduce the mechanisms and expression of immune checkpoints in ovarian cancer. Moreover, this review summarises recent updates regarding ICI monotherapy or combined with other small-molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer.
Genotypic investigation of a rotavirus cluster at a quaternary-care pediatric hospital
Authors: Kitt Eimear M. , Yoon Hee-won , Comar Courtney E. , Smith Kenneth P. , Harris Rebecca M. , Esona Mathew D. , Gautam Rashi , Mijatovic-Rustempasic Slavica , Hopkins Amy L. , Jaimes Jose , Handy Lori K.
Published: January 2023

Rotavirus (RV) was a common healthcare-associated infection prior to the introduction of the RV vaccine. Following widespread RV vaccination, healthcare-associated rotavirus cases are rare. We describe an investigation of a cluster of rotavirus infections in a pediatric hospital in which an uncommon genotype not typically circulating in the United States was detected.
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent jets: vortex–interface–surfactant interactions
Authors: Constante-Amores C.R. , Abadie T. , Kahouadji L. , Shin S. , Chergui J. , Juric D. , Castrejón-Pita A.A. , Matar O.K.
Published: January 2023

We study the effect of insoluble surfactants on the spatio-temporal evolution of turbulent jets. We use three-dimensional numerical simulations and employ an interface-tracking/level-set method that accounts for surfactant-induced Marangoni stresses. The present study builds on our previous work (Constante-Amores et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 922, 2021, A6) in which we examined in detail the vortex–surface interaction in the absence of surfactants. Numerical solutions are obtained for a wide range of Weber and elasticity numbers in which vorticity production is generated by surface deformation and surfactant-induced Marangoni stresses. The present work demonstrates, for the first time, the crucial role of Marangoni stresses, brought about by surfactant concentration gradients, in the formation of coherent, hairpin-like vortex structures. These structures have a profound influence on the development of the three-dimensional interfacial dynamics. We also present theoretical expressions for the mechanisms that influence the rate of production of circulation in the presence of surfactants for a general, three-dimensional, two-phase flow, and highlight the dominant contribution of surfactant-induced Marangoni stresses.
How Should Courts Respond to Political Questions? Exploring the Dialogical Turn in the Supreme Court of Canada’s Federalism and Indigenous Case Law
Authors: Do Minh , Schertzer Robert
Published: January 2023

In this article, we: (1) advance a theory for how courts should respond to highly political disputes about jurisdictional authority, and (2) assess whether courts can achieve this ideal. Our theory draws from normative realism to argue that courts should push conflict back into the political realm whenever possible—facilitating free and fair dialogue by outlining rules and principles to guide negotiations, while also rejecting zero-sum outcomes when enforcing jurisdictional powers and related rights. We favor this approach because it can generate legitimacy for the legal and political systems by recognizing the judiciary’s limited democratic standing in structural disputes. To ground this argument in actual practice, we assess how the Supreme Court of Canada has managed two streams of highly political jurisprudence related to jurisdictional authority—federalism and Aboriginal rights cases. We show that the Court has increasingly relied on this approach of facilitating dialogue in both areas. While we argue that this approach is particularly well suited to federalism cases, our analysis uncovers negative outcomes in Indigenous case law. The Court’s approach often fails to strongly enforce the constitutional rights of Indigenous peoples, demonstrating that its facilitator role does not adequality account for the power imbalances between the state and Indigenous peoples.
Determination of glycaemic response to the consumption of two specialised formulas for glycaemic control
Authors: Zanini Ana Claudia , Santos Hellin dos , Celes Ana Paula Monnerat , Giuntini Eliana Bistriche , Franco Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo
Published: January 2023

To assess the glycaemic response after ingestion of two specialised oral and enteral nutrition formulas for glycaemic control. The participants were sixteen healthy volunteers, aged 21–49 years, with normal glucose tolerance. The volunteers attended the tests fasting for 10 h, for 5 weeks, and consumed the reference food – glucose solution – for 3 weeks, and the two formulas DiamaxO and DiamaxIG in the following weeks, in amounts equivalent to 25 g of available carbohydrates. During the period of 120 min, seven blood samples were taken through capillary blood sampling to determine the glycaemic response. The glycaemic index (GI) was calculated according to the trapezoidal rule, ignoring areas below the fasting line. The glycaemic load (GL) was determined by the formula GL = ((GI(glucose = reference) × ‘g’ of available carbohydrate per serving]/100. The formulas showed low GI and GL. GI = 37·8 and GL = 6·6 for DiamaxO and GI = 21·5 and GL = 3·5 for DiamaxIG. The peak of the glycaemic response occurred 30 min after ingestion, with a marked difference in blood glucose between the Diamax products in relation to glucose. Differences were also significant at times 15, 45, 60 and 90 min in relation to glucose (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni, P < 0·005), but not between the two products. However, the AUC and the GI of DiamaxIG are significantly smaller than that of the DiamaxO second t test (P = 0·0059). The glycaemic response to the products is quite reduced, presenting a curve with a little accentuated shape, without high peak, especially in the modified product.
Association of household composition with dietary patterns among adolescents in Brazil
Authors: de Souza Marielly Rodrigues , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Froelich Mendalli , Muraro Ana Paula , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo
Published: January 2023

The present study identified dietary patterns (DP) and analyse their association with household composition. This is a cross-sectional school-based study, with a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adolescent students, aged 11–19 years, with data from National School Health Survey (n 102 072). Food consumption was obtained through the weekly frequency of consumption of food markers, and the confirmatory factor analysis was applied to examine the latent variables ‘Healthy’ (beans, legumes/vegetables and fresh fruit/fruit salad) and ‘Unhealthy’ (ultra-processed foods, sweets, soft drinks and snacks) DP. The association between household composition and DP was estimated considering lives with both parents as reference category. Among adolescents aged 11–14 years, adherence to healthy DP was lower for boys who lived only with mother (β = –2·1), and boys (β = –4·9) and girls (β = –4·5) who lived without any parents. Adherence to unhealthy DP was higher among boys (β = 7·6) and girls (β = 6·0) who lived only with mother, and boys (β = 4·6) and girls (β = 5·3) who lived only with father. For older adolescents (aged 15–19 years), adherence to the unhealthy DP was higher among boys who lived only with mother (β = 3·9) or only with father (β = 5·3) and girls who lived only with mother (β = 6·3). Adherence to healthy DP was lower among girls who lived only with father (β = –9·0). Thus, adolescents who lived in single-parent households had lower adherence to healthy DP and greater adherence to unhealthy DP. Among younger adolescents of both sexes, living without any parent contributed to lower adherence to healthy DP.
Moving Histories: Bantu Language Expansions, Eclectic Economies, and Mobilities
Authors: Grollemund Rebecca , Schoenbrun David , Vansina Jan
Published: January 2023

This essay interprets a classification of Africa's Bantu languages which used statistical tools guided by assumptions about farming and its chronology to analyze fresh vocabulary evidence. It shows a peeling movement from Cameroon's grassfields, into southern Cameroon, then along a savanna corridor through West Central Africa's rainforests, into the Savannahs, then to Southern Africa, the Great Lakes, and Indian Ocean coast. The clear sequence of movement masks methodological and historical factors. Language death, multilingualism, and the limits of vocabulary evidence restrain the classification's authority. ‘Transformations’ from food collecting to food producing or from no metals to full engagement with metals were mutable, unfolded at different speeds, and involved interactions with firstcomers. In Central Africa, Bantu speakers were often the first farmers and metal-users in the region but elsewhere they were commonly neither. Their arrivals did not immediately displace firstcomers. Computational methods can accommodate many of these issues.
Moderate Southern Senators, Hunger, and Welfare in the Long 1960s
Authors: BALLANTYNE DAVID T.
Published: January 2023

This article traces the approach of moderate southern Senators toward domestic hunger and welfare in the late 1960s and the 1970s. Often overlooked in scholarly accounts, these Senators formed a significant minority of the southern delegation. Their behavior demonstrates both the continued possibilities of a more inclusive southern politics after the mid-1960s and the importance of moderate southerners to the Food Stamp Program's major expansion in the years after 1964. At the same time, however, these politicians opposed guaranteed-income schemes and endorsed “workfare” measures promoted by more conservative southerners that conditioned aid on participation in low-wage employment.
A new record of the hermit crab Dardanus callichela Cook, 1989 (Paguroidea: Calcinidae) from the Visayan Sea, Philippines
Authors: Felix Lucas R. , Malingin Mary Ann Cielo L. , Ebreo Karen Claire S. , Campos Wilfredo L. , Malay Maria Celia D.
Published: January 2023

A new record of the diogenid hermit crab Dardanus callichela Cook 1989 is described from the Visayan Sea, Central Philippines. Four specimens of D. callichela were caught in fish traps deployed at depths of about 30–40 m adjacent to islands to the north (Nagarao Island, Masbate) and south (Baliguian Island, Iloilo) of the Visayan Sea. The morphological description and colour photographs are provided. Partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) are provided for two specimens and deposited in GenBank. This new record brings the total number of known Dardanus in the Philippines to 16 species.
Intertidal zonation of live benthic foraminiferal assemblages from mangrove environments around south-west Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Abd Malek Muhamad Naim , Yahya Khairun , Talib Anita , Teh Su Yean , Zakaria Latiffah
Published: January 2023

Studies on benthic foraminifera were conducted in the mangrove forests of Teluk Tempoyak, Pulau Betong and Kuala Sungai Pinang, Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia to examine species composition and distribution patterns in different intertidal zones. Twenty-eight live benthic foraminiferal species were successfully identified at the study locations, predominantly species with agglutinated tests. Assemblages in Pulau Betong and Teluk Tempoyak were dominated by similar species such as Ammonia aoteana, Elphidium hispidulum, Elphidium neosimplex and Trochammina inflata, while Kuala Sungai Pinang comprises a high number of Trochammina inflata and Arenoparrella mexicana. Three species, Aubignyna perlucida, Elphidium neosimplex and Elphidium sandiegoense, were recorded for the first time in Malaysian mangrove forests. Principal component analysis showed that sediment type and organic matter content were the dominant parameters that explained the variation of environmental gradient. Canonical correspondence analysis of these parameters with benthic foraminiferal species indicated that sand particles influenced distribution of the hyaline tests. Species with agglutinated tests were abundant in sediment with rich organic matter in combination with high silt and clay content. Species with hyaline tests dominated lower intertidal zones, while those with agglutinated tests inhabited the area from the middle to upper intertidal zones. This distribution pattern of benthic foraminiferal species mirrored patterns found at other local and global mangrove locations.
Warning of warming limpets: sea temperature effects upon intertidal rocky assemblages
Authors: Freitas Diana , Arenas Francisco , Vale Cândida Gomes , Pinto Isabel Sousa , Borges Débora
Published: January 2023

Limpets (Patella spp.) are marine gastropods that inhabit rocky shores along the coasts of Europe, the Mediterranean, Macaronesia and the north-west coast of Africa. Being considered key species, limpets have an important role regulating algal assemblages in coastal communities. The goal of this work was to evaluate the influence of sea temperature on the respiration rate of four limpet species occurring in mainland Portugal, in line with predictions from the metabolic theory of ecology. The individuals were collected from rocky shores in Portugal and exposed to sea temperatures ranging from 6–28°C for respiration rate assessments. Following the estimation of the relationship between oxygen consumption and temperature the activation energy was calculated. In parallel, low and high thermal thresholds were determined for three of the species. The results indicated that P. ulyssiponensis oxygen consumption increased linearly with sea temperature and the remaining species presented the same tendency. The values of activation energy ranged between 0.33–0.76 eV. For P. ulyssiponensis, the highest activation energy indicated that this species is more sensitive to temperature variations while for the tested temperatures it presented a higher thermal tolerance limit than the other species. Such findings indicate that P. ulyssiponensis is the most susceptible of these species to climate change, in line with the tolerance–plasticity trade-off hypothesis. This work provides a good starting point for understanding the effect of sea temperature on oxygen consumption in Patella spp. and for comprehending sensitivity of limpets to temperature increases under future climate change scenarios.
Salience, preference, and asylum outcomes in Germany and the UK, 2002–2019
Authors: Hartland Alex
Published: January 2023

What explains different rates of positive asylum decisions in Western democracies? Legislators and bureaucrats respond to public preferences on immigration, though studies have not accounted for salience amplifying preferences. Using autoregressive models, I find relationships between salience, preferences, and asylum recognition rates in Germany and the UK, indicating that asylum administration responds to public opinion. High salience and more open immigration preferences are associated with increased asylum recognition rates in Germany, while lower rates in the UK follow high salience and restrictive preferences. Applications rejected under these adverse conditions precede increases in successful appeals, suggesting political pressure or their own preferences lead bureaucratic actors to reduce rates in the UK. These results do not support lobbying or a culture of disbelief as influences on immigration policies. Rather, they raise questions about Western democracies’ adherence to an international rules-based asylum system and highlight mechanisms by which policy responds to public opinion.
Eadgifu, Governor of Kent, in a Lost Charter of Edgar
Authors: Lloyd James
Published: January 2023

The witness-list to a charter of Edgar the Peaceable, now lost but quoted by William Somner, designated Eadgifu, Edgar’s grandmother, as in Cantia etiam gubernator. Although doubts about the authenticity of Somner’s source are now unlikely to be resolved, a study of Eadgifu’s life and comparison with contemporary cases of shire administration and female secular power show that, at least in theory, the claim that she was governor of Kent is more credible than it may seem.
John Leland and Asser’s Vita Ælfredi regis: British Library, MS Cotton Otho A. xii Reconsidered in its Tudor Context
Authors: Carley James P.
Published: January 2023

Before the sixteenth century the religious houses had been the chief repositories of learning in England. With the Henrician religious revolution, however, their stability became threatened and what survived and what was destroyed has greatly influenced our views of the intellectual culture of the English Middle Ages. It is for this reason that the writings of the royal agent John Leland are so important to our understanding of the crumbling world he was witnessing.

In the years shortly before the suppressions Leland examined the contents of many libraries, listing titles of what he saw where. When in 1535 he began the compilation of his De uiris illustribus, he made use of these titles, the notes he had taken, and often the manuscripts themselves. The De uiris illustribus was compiled in two stages and the changes he made as he discovered further materials are significant. His evolving thoughts on Asser and his writings thus provide an illuminating case that throws light on his bio-bibliographical enterprise.
Time Series Analysis of Congestive Heart Failure Discharges in Florida (USA) Post Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Kim Inkyu , Locascio Joseph J. , Sarin Ritu , Hart Alexander , Ciottone Gregory R.
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to analyze congestive heart failure (CHF) discharges in Florida (USA) post tropical cyclones from 2007 through 2017.

Methods:

This was a retrospective longitudinal time series analysis of hospital CHF quarterly discharges across Florida using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used with correlated seasonal regressor variables such as cyclone frequency, maximum cyclone wind speed, average temperature, and reports of influenza-like illness (ILI).

Results:

A total of 3,372,993 patients were identified, with average age in each quarter ranging 72.2 to 73.9 years and overall mortality ranging 4.3% to 6.4%. The CHF discharges within each year peaked from October through December and nadired from April through June with an increasing overall time trend. Significant correlation was found between CHF discharge and the average temperature (P <.001), with approximately 331.8 less CHF discharges (SE = 91.7) per degree of increase in temperature. However, no significant correlation was found between CHF discharges and frequency of cyclones, the maximum wind speed, and reported ILI.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that with the current methods and the HCUP dataset, there is no significant increase in overall CHF discharges in Florida as a result of recent previous cyclone occurrences.
Teaching about Gender and Politics of the MENA: Undermining Bias and Introducing a Framework
Authors: Çavdar Gamze
Published: January 2023

As instructors, we are quite familiar with students coming to our classes loaded with preconceived notions. For instance, some believe that male instructors are better at math, while others think that markets, if left on their own, will produce wealth for everyone. Teaching about gender and politics of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at an American college is no different. Students come to class rarely knowing the basic facts, history, or culture of the region, mostly because the K–12 educational curriculum in the United States does not typically cover the MENA region. However, students’ lack of formal education on the MENA region does not mean they are unexposed to its issues, which are frequent topics in American media. Unfortunately, students often hold misconceptions and deep biases about women, culture, and politics in the region, and these misconceptions impair the learning process by acting as a “psychological block” for the students. As Haddad and Schwedler (2013, 211) put it, “our years of teaching undergraduates have taught us how images of harems, pyramids, and desert warriors wielding sabers on camelback still shape many Americans’ perceptions of the region.” This essay discusses some of the challenges that instructors teaching gender and politics in the MENA region face in an American college classroom. No single course can eradicate old paradigms and prejudices. However, this piece proposes some strategies for effective teaching about gender and politics of the MENA region.
In‐Situ Observation of Magnetic Null on 19 September 2015 Event Using Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
Authors: Ekawati S. , Cai D.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we detect a magnetic null inside the MMS space‐craft (SC) tetrahedron using a linear interpolation that might be nearly impossible for very small inter‐SC separation like MMS (previously implemented on Cluster mission which is larger separation SC). We also report, successive or identical magnetic nulls that enter/reenter and cross the MMS spacecraft tetrahedron, and the “bifurcations” (change of the null type) of magnetic nulls are captured when it crosses one of four MMS tetrahedral surfaces during the 19 September 2015 event. During this event, we observe the eigenvalues of the radial null that enters and crosses the MMS tetrahedron changes from all real to one conjugate complex pair and one real eigenvalues, when the null exits through one of the tetrahedral boundary cells. This bifurcation is also evidenced by measuring the topological distance between two nulls before and after “bifurcation” using the Earth Mover's Distance.
Inequality of Global Thermal Comfort Conditions Changes in a Warmer World
Authors: Zhang Jintao , You Qinglong , Ren Guoyu , Ullah Safi , Normatov Inom , Chen Deliang
Published: January 2023

Changes in the thermal comfort condition of the living environment of human beings are one of the main concerns related to global warming. While previous studies largely focused on mean temperature and warm/cold extremes, changes in thermal comfort conditions (both comfort and discomfort conditions) have not been adequately revealed. Based on climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), future thermal comfort conditions over global land using net effective temperature index that considers the aggregate effects of temperature, relative humidity, and wind on human thermal perception were investigated. The focus was on the projected changes in thermal comfort conditions in different regions based on gross domestic product per capita, an indicator of adaptive capacity. An inequitable impact of escalating global warming on thermal comfort conditions emerges: in high‐income regions (mostly distributed in cool mid‐high latitudes), a diminishing number of cold‐uncomfortable days and an increasing number of comfort days collectively would contribute to an improvement in thermal comfort conditions; however, in low‐income regions (mostly distributed in warmer low latitudes), thermal comfort conditions are expected to worsen as a result of a dramatic increase in the number of warm‐uncomfortable days that greatly exceeds the decrease in the number of cold‐uncomfortable days and a decrease in the number of comfortable days. Moreover, analysis accounting for population exposure suggests that the overall impact of future changes in thermal comfort conditions on the global population is negative. Therefore, prioritized support for climate mitigation and adaptation to developing nations is justified and urgently needed.
Spurious Indo‐Pacific Connections to Internal Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Introduced by the Global Temperature Residual Method
Authors: Deser Clara , Phillips Adam S.
Published: January 2023

The relative contributions of external forcing and internal processes to the observed spatial and temporal characteristics of “Atlantic Multidecadal Variability” (AMV) are still under debate. Here, the efficacy of the commonly‐used “global temperature residual method” for isolating the internal component of AMV is investigated by means of model Large Ensembles where the truth is known a priori. In this method, local sea surface temperature variability associated with global‐mean temperature (G) is removed via linear regression, and the residuals regressed upon the North Atlantic residual timeseries. We show that this method introduces spurious connections over the Indo‐Pacific due to the fact that G in any single realization includes both external and internal components: the latter dominated by influences from Pacific Decadal Variability independent of AMV. This methodological shortcoming can be overcome by using the forced component of G in the residual method applied to individual model realizations and to observations.
A Dynamics of Surface Temperature Forced by Solar Radiation
Authors: Jing Weiqiang , Wang Jingfeng
Published: January 2023

Due to lack of a unified description of the Earth surface temperature, a generic dynamic equation is postulated as an inference from the special case of snow. Solar radiation is explicitly included in the formulation for transparent media such as snow, ice and water while implicitly through (conductive) surface heat flux for non‐transparent media such as soil. The physical parameters of the equation are medium thermal inertia, thermal and radiative diffusivity. The equation for transparent media reduces to the familiar force‐restore model of soil surface temperature when the penetration depth of solar radiation tends to zero. Proof‐of‐concept validation for snow surface temperature as a paradigm of transparent media at three sites in the Arctic and Antarctica confirms the postulated equation as a generic description of the dynamics of surface temperature.
Can Biomass Burning Aerosol Induced Surface Cooling Be Amplified Through Sea Surface Temperature‐Cloud Feedback Over the Southeast Atlantic?
Authors: Lu Zheng , Liu Xiaohong
Published: January 2023

Biomass burning (BB) aerosols exert a strong surface cooling effect over the southeast Atlantic (SEA) via aerosol‐radiation and aerosol‐cloud interactions. The reduction of the sea surface temperature (SST) can trigger the SST‐low cloud feedback. Whether this feedback can amplify the surface cooling effect is examined. The modeling results from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) demonstrate that counterintuitively the cloud radiative effect (CRE) caused by the BB aerosols is weaker if SST‐low cloud feedback is considered compared to fixed‐SST simulation (−2.99 W m−2 vs. −4.79 W m−2). This is caused by (a) stronger sea breeze due to larger sea‐land temperature contrast causing less smoke transport over SEA and (b) less moisture supply from surface due to colder SST. Changes in SST also lead to counterclockwise rotation of ocean circulation anomalies. Consequently, the excess heat transport from the equator reverses the direction of SST‐cloud feedback in this region.
Magnetic Tilt Effect on Externally Driven Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hwa , Johnson Jay R.
Published: January 2023

We examine coupling of fluctuations in the solar wind with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the magnetosphere using an advanced full‐wave simulation code, Petra‐M. Dipole tilt dramatically affects the coupling process. While very little wave power can reach the inner magnetosphere without tilt effects, a tilted dipole field dramatically increases the efficiency of the coupling process. Solar wind fluctuations incident at high magnetic latitude effectively reaches the ground along the field line and mode‐convert to linearly polarized field‐aligned propagating waves at the Alfvén and IIH resonances. Therefore, solar wind compressions efficiently drive linearly polarized EMIC waves when the dipole angle is tilted toward or away from the Sun‐Earth direction.
Can Unleveed Agricultural Fields in Deltas Keep Pace With Sea‐Level Rise?
Authors: Glover H. E. , Ogston A. S. , Fricke A. T. , Nittrouer C. A. , Aung C. , Naing T. , Lahr E. J.
Published: January 2023

Effective coastal management requires a fundamental understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic activities on sediment dynamics, yet it is challenging to isolate individual impacts in heavily altered regions. The Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar has been extensively deforested for agriculture but has few levees/polders. In this study, the relative resilience to subsidence was compared between a 45‐year‐old agricultural field and a nearby mangrove‐forest preserve. At both sites, water velocity and turbidity were measured in tidal channels, topography was mapped, and sediment cores were collected during 2018–2019. There was net sediment import at both sites due to sediment trapping by vegetation. Relative elevations were equivalent, suggesting that the field has aggraded at rates similar to the forest (0.7 cm/year). Unleveed fields may be less vulnerable to subsidence than leveed fields. However, uncertainties remain and the decision to replace mangroves with agricultural fields should weigh all the benefits provided by each environment.