bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencial de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) como indicadora de mudanças climáticas por meio da análise dos anéis de crescimento, Paraná, Brasil
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil., Miranda Bruno Palka , Andrade Victor Hugo Ferreira , Botosso Paulo Cesar ,   Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Irati, PR, Brasil., Santos Tomaz Longhi ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Colombo, PR, Brasil.,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil., Milani Jaçanan Eloisa de Freitas , Roderjan Carlos Vellozo
Published: August 2019

No âmbito do atual tema das mudanças climáticas, ter acesso a ferramentas que permitam a sua análise torna-se essencial para a correta compreensão de tais alterações. A interpretação dos sinais climáticos evidenciados nos anéis de crescimento das árvores é uma das maneiras de entender essas relações. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar como as relações climáticas regionais tem efeito sobre os anéis de crescimento de Copaifera langsdorffii, espécie típica das florestas estacionais semideciduais do Paraná. Foram utilizadas quatro árvores provenientes da supressão da vegetação para formação do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Jayme Canet Júnior, na porção média do rio Tibagi, entre os municípios de Telêmaco Borba e Ortigueira. A partir dos discos transversais de madeira, foram traçados 40 raios com o intuito de identificar e demarcar os limites dos anéis de crescimento. Posteriormente, a largura dos anéis de crescimento foi mensurada, realizando-se o controle de qualidade destas medições e a construção de uma cronologia regional para a espécie. Os dados climáticos utilizados para as correlações foram obtidos junto aos institutos oficiais de meteorologia do Paraná e junto à um banco de dados climatológico global. A cronologia gerada compreende um período de 240 anos, com intercorrelação significativa (r = 0,469; p<0,01). Foram identificadas as relações dos picos de desenvolvimento com os eventos de El Niño, onde apresentaram correlações positivas a partir da década de 1970, especialmente no ano de 1983 (El Niño mais forte atuante na região Sul). Dessa maneira, os resultados preliminares reforçam o potencial de utilização desta espécie para estudos dendroecológicos podendo, inclusive, auxiliar no entendimento das mudanças climáticas, e como se dão os seus efeitos a nível regional e local, quando incorporados a um universo amostral com maior representatividade.
Temperatura base inferior, soma térmica e fenologia de cultivares de videira e quivizeiro
Authors:   Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Anzanello Rafael , Christo Mariane Castanho de ,   Universidade de Caxias do Sul
Published: August 2019

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a temperatura-base inferior (Tb), soma térmica e fenologia de cultivares de videira e de quivizeiro. Estacas com 25-35 cm das cultivares de videira Chardonnay (CH), Isabel (IS), Niágara Branca (NB), Concord (CO) e Bordô (BO) e de quivizeiro Bruno (BR), Monty (MO), Elmwood (EL), MG06 (MG) e Yellow Queen (YQ) foram coletadas em pomares localizados em Veranópolis, RS, em 03/06/2015. As estacas intactas foram submetidas a 0 °C por 1.008 Horas de Frio (HF), em câmaras incubadoras para a superação da dormência, embaladas em filme plástico preto. Na sequência, foram transferidas para as temperaturas de 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 °C, em estacas de nós-isolados, plantadas em espuma fenólica. Durante 150 dias, as gemas foram avaliadas a cada 2-3 dias quanto à brotação, no estádio de ponta verde e seus dados (1/dias para brotação) inseridos em curvas de regressão para estimativa da Tb para cada genótipo. Séries históricas de fenologia de 10 anos das cultivares e dados meteorológicos dos locais de cultivo foram utilizados para o cálculo da soma térmica (graus-dia) das frutíferas durante o ciclo vegetativo. A Tb se diferenciou entre as espécies frutíferas. A Tb foi menor para cultivares de quivizeiro (BR=3,0 °C; MO=3,3 ºC; EL=3,1 °C; MG=3,2 °C e YQ=3,0 °C) e maior para cultivares de videira (CH=4,2 °C; IS=4,3 °C; NB=4,1 °C; CO=6,2 °C e BO=4,4 °C). A soma de graus-dia (GD) variou de 1670,9 a 2060,7 para as cultivares de videira e de 3179,6 a 3762,0 para as cultivares de quivizeiro. A maior soma de GD para a cultura do quivizeiro é dada pelo maior número de dias do seu ciclo vegetativo associada a menor Tb dos genótipos, se comparada à cultura da videira. O subperíodo fenológico (brotação à maturação) das frutíferas, em 100% dos casos, respondeu mais ao tempo térmico (graus-dia) do que ao tempo cronológico (dias) para completar o ciclo vegetativo.
Comparação teórico-experimental do comportamento de vigas de concreto armado com fibras de aço
Authors: Donato Marina , Teixeira Ana Maria Abreu Jorge , Carneiro Luiz Antonio Vieira
Published: August 2019

Uma alternativa para aumentar a resistência e o desempenho do concreto pode ser obtido com adição de fibras. Assim, a pesquisa é dada pelo estudo teórico-experimental de fibras de aço em relação ao seu comportamento mecânico perante aos esforços de flexão, resistência a compressão, resistência a tração na compressão diametral e resistência a tração na flexão, em elementos estruturais, especificamente em vigas feitas com concreto armado. A intenção é que os métodos analíticos possam ser uma alternativa como substituição parcial ou total de alguns ensaios mecânicos, o que trará enorme vantagem de ordem prática. Portanto, comparou-se os resultados experimentais obtidos por pesquisadores com os métodos analíticos disponibilizados em literatura. Verificou-se que é necessário que ocorra aperfeiçoamento nos métodos de análise, levando em consideração todos os parâmetros existentes, permitindo uma coerência entre os valores experimentais e teóricos.
Comparing the CO2 emission by kilogram transported in normal flight and in a clear air turbulence area
Authors: Del Fiaco Reinaldo Moreira , Silva Júnior Flávio Vieira da , Leobons Camila Maestrelli , Reis Marcelo Miranda
Published: August 2019

Air transport contributes with 2% of global emission to greenhouse effect. This situation aggravates the occurrence of meteorological phenomenon of Clear Air Turbulence (CAT). When an aircraft flies over a CAT area they increase the fuel consumption to adequate the speed and lift. Consuming more fuel aggravates the greenhouse effect. The objective of this paper is to quantify the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere, through the application of a conceptual and dynamic decision model for microscopic analysis of air traffic flow. The method consists of delimiting the CAT area, staggering flight parameters, and calculating CO2 emissions in normal conditions and with CAT. When there is CAT, there are two options: proceed in the same flight plan or make a route deviation to a lower altitude. The comparison between the conditions of flights with the presence of CAT, infers that changes to a lower altitude during the flights is viable, because there is a reduction in fuel consumption and hence in CO2 emissions.
Communauté de pratique virtuelle sur la consommation de substances et la sexualité : étude de besoins
Authors: Dumas Jean , Goyette Mathieu , Flores-Aranda Jorge , Saint-Jacques Marianne , Bertrand Karine
Published: August 2019

Les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes (HARSAH) peuvent vivre des situations de vulnérabilité au regard de la consommation de substances psychoactives (SPA) et de la santé sexuelle. Ils font face également à des barrières concernant l’accessibilité à des services adaptés, dues à des lacunes en matière de formation des intervenants et au manque d’intégration des services. Les communautés de pratique virtuelles (CPV) représentent une avenue prometteuse pour pallier ces lacunes.

Cette étude repose sur un devis mixte et vise à identifier les besoins et les attentes des utilisateurs potentiels afin d’orienter le développement d’une CPV (InterseXion). Afin de répondre à cet objectif, 49 intervenants québécois en santé sexuelle ou en dépendance ont rempli un questionnaire en ligne portant sur leurs compétences perçues en santé sexuelle et en dépendance, leur intérêt au sujet de la CPV ainsi que les contenus jugés les plus utiles. De ce nombre, sept intervenants ont pris part à une entrevue individuelle visant à approfondir la compréhension de leurs besoins.

Les résultats mettent en évidence que l’intervention intégrée, sur les plans de la sexualité et de la dépendance, constitue un besoin de formation prioritaire pour l’ensemble des intervenants. La CPV est considérée comme une stratégie pertinente afin de répondre à des besoins de développement des compétences et de collaboration. Les entrevues mettent en relief le potentiel de la plateforme pour favoriser la collaboration intersectorielle et l’interdisciplinarité, développer des attitudes adéquates pour mieux intervenir, connaître et développer les meilleures pratiques. Des outils pour mieux intervenir ainsi que des exemples de meilleures pratiques sont proposés afin de favoriser l’atteinte de ces objectifs. Les résultats sont mis en perspective quant à leur contribution au développement de la CPV. Cette démarche souligne la pertinence de mener des études de besoins similaires pour le développement d’autres CPV en dépendance.
Construire une interprétation, de l’appropriation de la partition à la répétition
générale. La préparation d’un concert par le chef d’orchestre Pierre-André Valade à
la lumière de l’analyse d’activité
Authors: Donin Nicolas , Theureau Jacques
Published: August 2019

Alors que les études de l’interprétation musicale ont analysé les
enregistrements orchestraux et questionné les rôles créatifs dans la musique
orchestrale, le manque de travaux sur la direction d’orchestre comme activité est
criant. L’étude de l’activité de lecture de la partition et de direction des
répétitions de Quatre chants pour franchir le seuil de Gérard Grisey par
Pierre-André Valade pour un concert avec l’Ensemble InterContemporain en 2006 vise à
donner une image précise de la préparation d’une interprétation musicale
particulière. Nous avons mis en oeuvre un cadre méthodologique inspiré de
l’ergonomie cognitive et de l’analyse de l’activité, reposant sur la conscience
préréflexive chez le chef d’orchestre de ses actions, pensées, émotions et
focalisations attentionnelles avant, pendant et entre les répétitions. Les données
fines recueillies sur son cours d’action/cognition permettent de le décrire comme
une concaténation d’interactions « in-formatives » (c’est-à-dire « formées de
l’intérieur ») entre lui et l’environnement (y compris la partition et l’orchestre).
Trois notions sont privilégiées : celles de « structure d’anticipation », de
« référentiel » et d’« appropriation » (avec ses divers aspects).
Le paradoxe du clavicorde et la technique de Bach au clavier
Authors: d’Alessandro Christophe
Published: August 2019

Le jeu du clavicorde demande un contrôle paradoxal : il faut abaisser la touche suffisamment vite pour produire un son suffisamment fort, mais aussi veiller à garder la justesse d’intonation, c’est-à-dire ne pas trop déplacer la corde. Les sources historiques sur le jeu du clavicorde dans le cercle de Jean-Sébastien Bach décrivent une technique de clavier (« tire » ou « Schnellen ») qui semble particulièrement adaptée au contrôle simultané de la vitesse et de la profondeur du toucher. Après une étude théorique qui établit les rapports entre mouvement de la touche, intensité sonore et intonation, une étude expérimentale mesure ces quantités pour un toucher « poussé », vertical et un toucher « tiré », avec retrait du bout du doigt vers l’intérieur de la main. Les résultats indiquent que le contrôle paradoxal demandé par la mécanique spécifique du clavicorde est avantageusement réalisé par le geste décrit dans les sources historiques (un mouvement de retrait circulaire du bout du doigt).
Capture synchrone de la production sonore et de la gestuelle du pianiste. Vers une interprétation
Authors: Villard Alain , Colloud Floren , Valière Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2019

Une expérience de mise en évidence du rapport entre gestuelle du pianiste et production sonore induite a été réalisée dans un auditorium dédié à la musique orchestrale. Quatre pianistes de parcours et de styles différents ont exécuté quatre pièces extraites desKinderszenen, op. 15 (Scènes d’enfants) de Schumann, qui présentent à la fois une homogénéité musicale, mais aussi une grande variabilité d’atmosphères sonores. Les mesures acoustiques mises en place visaient à capter le signal sonore à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du piano dans l’objectif d’extraire des descripteurs acoustiques par traitement du signal et à réaliser des tests d’écoute du type de ceux effectués en psychoacoustique. Simultanément et de manière synchronisée, la gestuelle des pianistes a été enregistrée par un système de capture de mouvement (mocap) composé de caméras haute fréquence ultrasensibles. Les pianistes étaient instrumentés par des marqueurs réfléchissants placés sur une combinaison ou directement à même la peau dans le cas des mains et des doigts. Les premiers résultats des tests psychoacoustiques montrent que l’occurrence des timbres attribués aux extraits sonores est conforme à l’occurrence publiée dans la littérature.
Standardised Evaluation of Shanghai-Hangzhou High-Speed Maglev Project
Authors: Cui Yong , Tritschler Stefan , Martin Ullrich , Mo Fan
Published: August 2019

In recent years, high-speed maglev systems have received renewed attention once again. However, a systematic and transparent approach to evaluate high-speed maglev projects does not currently exist, which could be an obstacle for their application, even with technical success. In Germany, the Standardised Evaluation is applied as a basis for decision making regarding the public funding of projects. It should be implemented for all investments of urban public transport projects with a value of more than € 25 million. In this paper, the economic evaluation for the Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev project is carried out with the Standardised Evaluation. One of the most important contributions of this work is to demonstrate the applicability of Standardised Evaluation for high-speed maglev projects. With the Standardised Evaluation, the evidence of macroand microeconomic benefit can be presented in a transparent and systematic way. The result can be used to prove the project’s profitability and to rank different projects or project alternatives.
Gradual, temperature-induced change of secondary sexual characteristics inTrichogramma pretiosuminfected with parthenogenesis-inducingWolbachia
Authors: Ning Su-fang , Zhou Jin-cheng , Liu Quan-quan , Zhao Qian , Dong Hui
Published: August 2019

Intersex is an intermediate stage of sexual differentiation in insects. Determining intersex morphology and the cause of its production will aid in the understanding of the mechanism of sexual differentiation in insects. In this paper,Wolbachia-infectedTrichogramma pretiosum(T. preW+) that shows thelytokous parthenogenesis were used as subjects. In order to determine the causes of theT. preW+intersex and the influence of parental generation temperature on gradual changes in secondary masculinization in intersex offspring, we examined the occurrence of intersex offspring (F1and F2generation) after the parental generations were treated with high temperature (27, 29, 31, and 33 °C) and described the external morphology of the intersexes. The results showed that theT. preW+parental generation temperature is positively correlated with the probability of intersex offspring. The probability of F1intersex is significantly higher than that of F2intersex in different high temperature. The degree of secondary masculinization inT. preW+intersexes increases as parental generation temperature increases. In addition, our study first identified 11 intersex types inT. preW+and found that the primary and secondary sexual characteristics showed a regular distribution. We also found that the D type and H type of intersex have the highest frequency of appearance. The external genitalia of most intersexes were female, and only three intersex types have male external genitalia. Conclusions were ultimately obtained:Wolbachiais a direct factor that causes the occurrence of intersexes, while high temperature is an indirect factor that determines the external morphology of intersexes. The effects of high temperature onT. preW+intersexes is passed through the parental generation to offspring, and this maternal effect weakens as the number of generations increases. InT. preW+intersex individuals, most exhibit female primary sexual characteristics, and secondary sexual characteristics exhibit signs of masculinization.
Communication between Nations inside Indonesian Softpower Diplomacy in the South Pacific Region
Authors: Roedyati Joevi , Changara Hafied , Dua Michael
Published: August 2019

Political, financial and operational supports given to these small states to the separatist freedom movement (OPM) has been done in a spirit of togetherness among the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG). This international organization based on identity of Melanesian brotherhood which formed in 1986 by 4 small states in the Pacific  Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon and Vanuatu, also by Kanak  National Liberation Front from New Caledonia. This organization was keen enough to promote the freedom movement of OPM to achieve independence Papua, that was why Indonesia tried to achieve the membership of Melanesian Spearhead Groups (MSG), because Indonesia has a strong argument that as an island country, it has 11 million Melanesian decendants on its scattered island as Papua, Mallocca, Buton, Southeast Nusa) characterized by their hair type, skin color, body figures and have similarities to the Melanesian in the south pacific.

The emergence of political maneuver that continue to attack sovereignty of the Indonesian government against Papua, raising a view of a need to have a grand strategy to enhance more understanding and gaining supports from the small island states regarding the free movement for Papua, especially in the UN forum through public diplomacy in the perspective of communication among nations.
Dynamic Behaviors of Fly Ash–Ground‐Granulated Blast‐Furnace Slag–High‐Magnesium Nickel Slag‐Based Geopolymer Paste When Subjected to Impact Compressive Loadings
Authors: Dong Zhijun , Bouaissi Aissa , Wang Xianfeng , Huang Yijiao , Li Long-yuan , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Ramasamy Shamala
Published: August 2019

Reducing the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere is a challenge due to rapid industrial development, particularly in developing countries. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the second‐most‐consumed material just after water. It is estimated that the production of one ton OPC generates ≈0.87 ton CO2. Geopolymers are considered as the sustainable materials that possess similar or even better mechanical properties than OPC. Geopolymers are made from by‐products such as fly ash, furnace slag, and China clay. This article reports an experimental study on the dynamic mechanical behaviors of fly ash–ground‐granulated blast‐furnace slag–high‐magnesium nickel slag (FA–GGBS–HMNS)‐based geopolymers when subjected to impact loading. The impact tests are performed using a split‐Hopkinson pressure bar device. The test results show that both the dynamic compressive strength and ultimate strain of the FA–GGBS–HMNS‐based geopolymer paste increase with increased strain rate. The failure modes are also found to be different in the specimens under different impact speeds.
Epitaxial Growth of Large‐Scale Orthorhombic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Thin Films with Anisotropic Photoresponse Property
Authors: Wang Yifan , Yang Feng , Li Xuanze , Ru Fan , Liu Pei , Wang Li , Ji Wei , Xia Jing , Meng Xiangmin
Published: August 2019

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) is a promising material for developing novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. Despite the substantial progress that has been made in the development of large perovskite single crystals, the fabrication of high‐quality 2D perovskite single‐crystal films, especially perovskite with a low symmetry, still remains a challenge. Herein, large‐scale orthorhombic CsPbBr3 single‐crystal thin films on zinc‐blende ZnSe crystals are synthesized via vapor‐phase epitaxy. Structural characterizations reveal a “CsPbBr3(110)//ZnSe(100), CsPbBr3[−110]//ZnSe[001] and CsPbBr3[001]//ZnSe[010]” heteroepitaxial relationship between the covering CsPbBr3 layer and the ZnSe growth substrate. It is exciting that the epitaxial film presents an in‐plane anisotropic absorption property from 350 to 535 nm and polarization‐dependent photoluminescence. Photodetectors based on the epitaxial film exhibit a high photoresponsivity of 200 A W−1, a large on/off current ratio exceeding 104, a fast photoresponse time of about 20 ms, and good repeatability at room temperature. Importantly, a strong polarization‐dependent photoresponse is also found on the device fabricated using the epitaxial CsPbBr3 film, making the orthorhombic perovskite promising building blocks for optoelectronic devices featured with anisotropy.
Mutual Insight on Ferroelectrics and Hybrid Halide Perovskites: A Platform for Future Multifunctional Energy Conversion
Authors: Pandey Richa , Vats Gaurav , Yun Jae , Bowen Chris R. , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Seidel Jan , Butler Keith Tobias , Seok Sang Il
Published: August 2019

An insight into the analogies, state‐of‐the‐art technologies, concepts, and prospects under the umbrella of perovskite materials (both inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskites and ferroelectric perovskites) for future multifunctional energy conversion and storage devices is provided. Often, these are considered entirely different branches of research; however, considering them simultaneously and holistically can provide several new opportunities. Recent advancements have highlighted the potential of hybrid perovskites for high‐efficiency solar cells. The intrinsic polar properties of these materials, including the potential for ferroelectricity, provide additional possibilities for simultaneously exploiting several energy conversion mechanisms such as the piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and thermoelectric effect and electrical energy storage. The presence of these phenomena can support the performance of perovskite solar cells. The energy conversion using these effects (piezo‐, pyro‐, and thermoelectric effect) can also be enhanced by a change in the light intensity. Thus, there lies a range of possibilities for tuning the structural, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of perovskites to simultaneously harvest energy using more than one mechanism to realize an improved efficiency. This requires a basic understanding of concepts, mechanisms, corresponding material properties, and the underlying physics involved with these effects.
Topotactic Phase Transition Driving Memristive Behavior
Authors: Nallagatla Venkata R. , Heisig Thomas , Baeumer Christoph , Feyer Vitaliy , Jugovac Matteo , Zamborlini Giovanni , Schneider Claus M. , Waser Rainer , Kim Miyoung , Jung Chang Uk , Dittmann Regina
Published: August 2019

Redox‐based memristive devices are one of the most attractive candidates for future nonvolatile memory applications and neuromorphic circuits, and their performance is determined by redox processes and the corresponding oxygen‐ion dynamics. In this regard, brownmillerite SrFeO2.5 has been recently introduced as a novel material platform due to its exceptional oxygen‐ion transport properties for resistive‐switching memory devices. However, the underlying redox processes that give rise to resistive switching remain poorly understood. By using X‐ray absorption spectromicroscopy, it is demonstrated that the reversible redox‐based topotactic phase transition between the insulating brownmillerite phase, SrFeO2.5, and the conductive perovskite phase, SrFeO3, gives rise to the resistive‐switching properties of SrFeOx memristive devices. Furthermore, it is found that the electric‐field‐induced phase transition spreads over a large area in (001) oriented SrFeO2.5 devices, where oxygen vacancy channels are ordered along the in‐plane direction of the device. In contrast, (111)‐grown SrFeO2.5 devices with out‐of‐plane oriented oxygen vacancy channels, reaching from the bottom to the top electrode, show a localized phase transition. These findings provide detailed insight into the resistive‐switching mechanism in SrFeOx‐based memristive devices within the framework of metal–insulator topotactic phase transitions.
Synergistic Catalysis over Iron‐Nitrogen Sites Anchored with Cobalt Phthalocyanine for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Lin Long , Li Haobo , Yan Chengcheng , Li Hefei , Si Rui , Li Mingrun , Xiao Jianping , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: August 2019

Simultaneously achieving high Faradaic efficiency, current density, and stability at low overpotentials is essential for industrial applications of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, great challenges still remain in this catalytic process. Herein, a synergistic catalysis strategy is presented to improve CO2RR performance by anchoring Fe‐N sites with cobalt phthalocyanine (denoted as CoPc©Fe‐N‐C). The potential window of CO Faradaic efficiency above 90% is significantly broadened from 0.18 V over Fe‐N‐C alone to 0.71 V over CoPc©Fe‐N‐C while the onset potential of CO2RR over both catalysts is as low as −0.13 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. What is more, the maximum CO current density is increased ten times with significantly enhanced stability. Density functional theory calculations suggest that anchored cobalt phthalocyanine promotes the CO desorption and suppresses the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction over Fe‐N sites, while the *COOH formation remains almost unchanged, thus demonstrating unprecedented synergistic effect toward CO2RR.
Transparent, High‐Thermal‐Conductivity Ultradrawn Polyethylene/Graphene Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Pan Xinglong , Shen Lihua , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Bastiaansen Cees W. M.
Published: August 2019

Transparent, ultradrawn, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/graphene nanocomposite films with a high thermal conductivity are successfully fabricated by solution‐casting and solid‐state drawing. It is found that the low optical transmittance (<75%) of the ultradrawn UHMWPE/graphene composite films is drastically improved (>90%) by adding 2‐(2H‐benzontriazol‐2‐yl)‐4,6‐ditertpentylphenol (BZT) as a second additive. This high transmission is interpreted in terms of a reduced void content in the composite films and the improved dispersion of graphene both of which decrease light scattering. The high thermal conductivity is attributed to the π–π interaction between BZT and graphene. In addition, a high specific thermal conductivity of ≈75 W m−1 K−1 ρ−1 of the ultradrawn UHMWPE/graphene/BZT composite films is obtained, which is higher than most metals and polymer nanocomposite. These transparent films are potentially excellent candidates for thermal management in various applications due to a combination of low density, ease of processing, and high thermal conductivity.
A Facile Synthesis of Water‐Resistant CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Loaded Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Microspheres Based on In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Cai Yuting , Li Ye , Wang Le , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a facile synthesis of water‐resistant CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite microspheres (CsPbBr3@PMMA) is reported. The method is based on the precipitation polymerization of methyl methacrylate in hexane in the presence of CsPbBr3 PQDs and stabilizer. The CsPbBr3@PMMA microspheres show a tunable size and a narrow size distribution, with the CsPbBr3 PQDs being uniformly dispersed in the PMMA microspheres. The effective incorporation of PQDs is attributed to the strong coordination interactions between Pb ions on the surface of PQDs and carbonyl groups (CO) from PMMA. Based on this mechanism, multicolor composite microspheres can be easily prepared through absorbing CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PQDs into blank PMMA microspheres. Protected by the PMMA microspheres, the imbedded CsPbBr3 PQDs show improved water resistance and storage stability. Further, a wide‐color‐gamut (129%) white light‐emitting diode (LED) is demonstrated by combining the green‐emitting CsPbBr3@PMMA composite microspheres and red‐emitting K2SiF6: Mn4+ with a blue LED, which enables to be used as backlights for liquid crystal displays.
Solution Processed AlInO/In2O3 Heterostructure Channel Thin Film Transistor with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Liu Ling , Chen Shujian , Liang Xiaoci , Pei Yanli
Published: August 2019

Thin film transistors (TFTs) with solution processed AlInO/In2O3 heterostructure channels are demonstrated with enhanced performance. TFTs with single AlInO channels with various Al concentrations are used for comparison. Appropriate concentrations of Al in AlInO single layer can slightly improve the TFT performance. For the AlInO layer with Al concentration higher than 20%, the resistance is so large that no typical transfer characteristics are observed. In contrast, the overall performances are greatly improved using the AlInO/In2O3 heterostructure channel. High field effect mobility is achieved greater than 40 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a sub threshold slope of 0.7 V decade−1 and on/off ratio of 107 from the heterostructure TFT with a AlInO (30%) top layer. The mobility is affected by the tunnel contact series resistance, which can be modulated by the thickness of the AlInO layer. The enhanced field effect mobility is attributed to the formation of 2D electron gas confined at the AlInO/In2O3 interface, which results in a bulk accumulation effect. Finally, improved positive bias stress stability is obtained by inducing the AlInO top layer with a strong AlO bond. The as investigated results show a very promising future for oxide thin film transistor performance enhancements via heterostructure engineering.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in anterior skull‐base surgery: a survey of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Fang Christina H. , Hawn Vivian S. , Agarwal Vijay , Moskowitz Howard S. , Kshettry Varun R. , McKean Erin L. , Bellile Emily , Akbar Nadeem A. , Abuzeid Waleed M.
Published: August 2019

Background

There is a paucity of data evaluating antibiotic use in anterior skull‐base surgery (ASBS). The goal of this study was to determine antibiotic prescribing patterns and factors that influence antibiotic use in ASBS.

Methods

An online‐based survey was distributed to the membership of the North American Skull Base Society in 2018. Outcomes included practitioner preference regarding intraoperative and postoperative antibiotic use, practice location and environment, surgeon experience, and patient factors influencing antibiotic use.

Results

There were 208 respondents (25.6% response rate) of which 182 (87.5%) performed ASBS; 60.4% were in academic institutions. Respondents were neurosurgeons (59.3%) or otolaryngologists (40.7%), and 75.3% were fellowship‐trained in ASBS. Most surgeons (95.0%) gave intraoperative antibiotics. Academic surgeons were 4 times more likely to prescribe intraoperative antibiotics than private practitioners (odds ratio [OR] 3.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53 to 10.36; p = 0.005). Among surgeons who did not routinely prescribe intraoperative antibiotics, regression analysis indicated that the presence of actively infected sinuses, transplantation, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and pulmonary disease influenced decision‐making (p < 0.03). Postoperative antibiotics were prescribed by 73.6% of respondents. European surgeons were 3 times less likely to prescribe postoperative antibiotics (OR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.80; p = 0.01). Regression modeling indicated that HIV/AIDS, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, transplantation, and pulmonary disease, as well as the use of absorbable packing influenced the decision to use postoperative antibiotics (p < 0.003).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the significant variation in intra‐ and postoperative antibiotic use among surgeons performing ASBS. Prospective randomized studies are necessary to establish evidence‐based practice guidelines for perioperative antibiotic use in ASBS.
Longitudinal progression of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: analysis of a national insurance claims database
Authors: Roland Lauren T. , Wang Heqiong , Mehta C. Christina , Cahill Katherine N. , Laidlaw Tanya M. , DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. , Levy Joshua M.
Published: August 2019

Background

Aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a recalcitrant inflammatory disorder defined by asthma, nasal polyposis, and sensitivity to cyclooxygenase‐1 inhibitors. The timeline and course of disease progression is unclear.

Methods

The Truven MarketScan Database, a large American health insurance claims repository, was queried to identify patients meeting criteria for AERD from 2009 to 2015. Included patients had associated International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD‐9) codes consistent with all 3 components of AERD: asthma, nasal polyposis, and drug allergy. Patterns of disease onset and time to progression were analyzed.

Results

A total of 5628 patients were identified for study inclusion. Of the 3 components of AERD, 3303 patients (59%) were initially diagnosed with asthma, 1408 (25%) were initially diagnosed with nasal polyps, and 917 (16%) were first diagnosed with drug sensitivity. The most common (36%) sequence of diagnoses was asthma, followed by nasal polyps, followed by drug allergy. The median interval between diagnosis of upper or lower airway involvement (ie, nasal polyps and/or asthma) to recognition of drug sensitivity was 259 days (quartiles Q1 to Q3: 92 to 603 days). In patients with both asthma and nasal polyps diagnoses, the risk of developing drug sensitivity during the study time period was 6%.

Conclusion

Upper and lower airway disease is often initially recognized in patients with AERD, whereas drug sensitivity presents month to years later. This delay may be due to the pathophysiology of AERD and disease progression or due to practice patterns in diagnostic testing and coding. Further work is warranted to identify these patients at early stages in their disease progression.
Quasi‐Freestanding Graphene on SiC(0001) by Ar‐Mediated Intercalation of Antimony: A Route Toward Intercalation of High‐Vapor‐Pressure Elements
Authors: Wolff Susanne , Roscher Sarah , Timmermann Felix , Daniel Marcus V. , Speck Florian , Wanke Martina , Albrecht Manfred , Seyller Thomas
Published: August 2019

A novel strategy for the intercalation of antimony (Sb) under the ° reconstruction, also known as buffer layer, on SiC(0001) is reported. Using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low‐energy electron diffraction, and angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that, while the intercalation of the volatile Sb is not possible by annealing the Sb‐coated buffer layer in ultrahigh vacuum, it can be achieved by annealing the sample in an atmosphere of Ar, which suppresses Sb desorption. The intercalation leads to a decoupling of the buffer layer from the SiC(0001) surface and the formation of quasi‐freestanding graphene. The intercalation process paves the way for future studies of the formation of quasi‐freestanding graphene by intercalation of high‐vapor‐pressure elements, which are not accessible by previously known intercalation techniques, and thus provides new avenues for the manipulation of epitaxial graphene on SiC.
Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of (Hetero)Aryl Sulfones: Complementary Reactivity Enables Iterative Polyaryl Synthesis
Authors: Chatelain Paul , Sau Abhijit , Rowley Christopher N. , Moran Joseph
Published: August 2019

Ideal organic syntheses involve the rapid construction of C−C bonds, with minimal use of functional group interconversions. The Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling (SMC) is a powerful way to form biaryl linkages, but the relatively similar reactivity of electrophilic partners makes iterative syntheses involving more than two sequential coupling events difficult to achieve without additional manipulations. Here we introduce (hetero)aryl sulfones as electrophilic coupling partners for the SMC reaction, which display an intermediate reactivity between those of typical aryl (pseudo)halides and nitroarenes. The new complementary reactivity allows for rapid sequential cross‐coupling of arenes bearing chloride, sulfone and nitro leaving groups, affording non‐symmetric ter‐ and quateraryls in only 2 or 3 steps, respectively. The SMC reactivity of (hetero)aryl sulfones is demonstrated in over 30 examples. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations are consistent with oxidative addition into the sulfone C−S bond as the turnover‐limiting step. The further development of electrophilic cross‐coupling partners with complementary reactivity may open new possibilities for divergent iterative synthesis starting from small pools of polyfunctionalized arenes.
C=O‐Bindungsspaltung in Kohlendioxid durch einen Eisen(0)‐Phosphininkomplex
Authors: Leitl Julia , Marquardt Michael , Coburger Peter , Scott Daniel J. , Streitferdt Verena , Gschwind Ruth M. , Müller Christian , Wolf Robert
Published: August 2019

Neue Eisenkomplexe [Cp*FeL]− (1‐σ und 1‐π, Cp*=C5Me5) mit dem chelatisierenden Phosphininliganden 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐4,6‐diphenylphosphinin (L) wurden dargestellt und ihre Reaktion mit Kohlendioxid untersucht. Die Umsetzung mit CO2 verläuft abhängig vom Koordinationsmodus von L in unterschiedlicher Weise. Mit dem Isomer 1‐π, das eine η4‐Koordination am Eisenatom aufweist, wird die elektrophile Addition an den Phosphininliganden unter Bildung des Komplexes 3‐π beobachtet. Im Gegensatz hierzu reagiert das zweite Isomer 1‐σ, in dem L als σ‐koordinierter [P,N]‐Ligand vorliegt, zum C=O‐Bindungsspaltungsprodukt 3‐σ. Eine solche CO2‐Spaltung wurde für späte 3d‐Übergangsmetalle bisher sehr selten beobachtet, und wir berichten hier über das erste Beispiel mit einem einzelnen Eisenzentrum.
Catalysis and Electron Transfer in De Novo Designed Helical Scaffolds
Authors: Pinter Tyler B. J. , Koebke Karl J. , Pecoraro Vincent L.
Published: August 2019

The relationship between protein structure and function is one of the greatest puzzles within biochemistry. De novo metalloprotein design is a way to wipe the board clean and determine what is required to build in function from the ground up in an unrelated structure. This Review focuses on protein design efforts to create de novo metalloproteins within alpha‐helical scaffolds. Examples of successful designs include those with carbonic anhydrase or nitrite reductase activity by incorporating a ZnHis3 or CuHis3 site, or that recapitulate the spectroscopic properties of unique electron‐transfer sites in cupredoxins (CuHis2Cys) or rubredoxins (FeCys4). This work showcases the versatility of alpha helices as scaffolds for metalloprotein design and the progress that is possible through careful rational design. Our studies cover the invariance of carbonic anhydrase activity with different site positions and scaffolds, refinement of our cupredoxin models, and enhancement of nitrite reductase activity up to 1000‐fold.
A series of novel high‐temperature‐resistant multiwall carbon nanotubes dispersants: Polyphenylene sulfones with pyrene groups in main chain
Authors: Xu Da , Seery Thomas A. P. , Gao Yanwei , Ding Lianjun , Zhou Chenyi , Wang Zhaoyang , Jiang Zilong , Zhang Haibo
Published: August 2019

A series of polyphenylene sulfones were synthesized with pyrene groups in the main chain. Using a traditional Suzuki coupling reaction followed by a reduction, the pyrene‐containing monomer was synthesized as the diphenol. A series of copolymers were synthesized using this new monomer, a biphenyldiphenol, and 4,4′‐difluorodiphenylsulfone. These polymers were characterized using 1HNMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The introduction of rigid pyrene groups provided these new polymers with good thermal stability and mechanical strength. In this work, these polymers are shown to functionalize and disperse multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The associations of our copolymers to the MWCNTs appear to operate through pi stacking interactions between the pyrene group and the sidewalls of the MWCNTs, referred to in this article as f‐MWCNTs. The dispersibility of f‐MWCNTs in solvents and polymer matrixes was systematically studied by preparation of f‐MWCNTs/polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) composites with various f‐MWCNTs content. Improvements in the dispersability of f‐MWCNTs in PPSU resin result in enhancement of the mechanical and thermal properties of f‐MWCNTs/PPSU composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48379.
AGNIQUE AMD 3L as green solvent for polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane preparation
Authors: Gronwald Oliver , Weber Martin
Published: August 2019

With the advent of the green chemistry concept novel, innocuous, biodegradable solvents require introduction in industrial processes.N,N‐dimethyl lactamide (AGNIQUE AMD 3L) represents a bio‐based, biodegradable, label‐free polar, protic solvent. In this article, AGNIQUE AMD 3L is introduced as novel solvent for preparation of polyethersulfone (PESU) nonsolvent‐induced phase separation ultrafiltration membranes using polyvinylpyrrolidone or poly(ethylene oxide) as second dope additives. Analysis of Hansen solubility parameters indicates good solvent–polymer interactions for polymer dope compositions required for PESU membrane manufacturing. Depending on the process conditions, PESU ultrafiltration membranes with hydraulic permeability values up to 610 kg m−2× bar × h and molecular weight cutoff value of 20 kDa were obtained. Scanning electron microscope of membrane cross sections reveals perfect defect‐free, asymmetric morphologies. As a result, AGNIQUE AMD 3L provides a new alternative as replacement for polar, aprotic solvents employed in membrane manufacturing so far. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48419.
Robust dissipative control for semilinear Markovian jump distributed parameter systems with time‐varying delay and incomplete transition probabilities
Authors: Song Xiaona , Wang Mi , Song Shuai , Lu Junwei , Man Jingtao
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the robust stabilization problem of semilinear Markovian jump distributed parameter systems (which are modeled by parabolic partial differential equations) with time‐varying delay and incomplete transition probabilities. Based on Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy theory, a T‐S fuzzy model is obtained to describe the nonlinear systems. Furthermore, by constructing a novel Lyapunov functional candidate, several sufficient delay‐dependent conditions, which ensure the considered systems stochastically stable and strictly dissipative, are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a fuzzy controller design approach is proposed, and two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Protosappanin‐A and oleanolic acid protect injured podocytes from apoptosis through inhibition of AKT‐mTOR signaling
Authors: Zheng Jiaxin , Zhang Shoulin , Chen Huijun , Cai Xiaojun , Zhang Chunjian , Li Shuhua , Zhou Yabin , Shang Jing , Liang Shunyu , Yao Fengzhen
Published: August 2019

Protosappanin‐A (PrA) and oleanolic acid (OA), which are important effective ingredients isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L., exhibit therapeutic potential in multiple diseases. This study focused on exploring the mechanisms of PrA and OA function in podocyte injury. An in vitro model of podocyte injury was induced by the sC5b‐9 complex and assays such as cell viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were performed to further investigate the effects and mechanisms of PrA and OA in podocyte injury. The models of podocyte injury were verified to be successful as seen through significantly decreased levels of nephrin, podocin, and CD2AP and increased level of desmin. The sC5b‐9‐induced podocyte apoptosis was inhibited in injured podocytes treated with PrA and OA, accompanied by increased protein levels of nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, and Bcl2 and decreased levels of desmin and Bax. The p‐AKT/p‐mTOR levels were also reduced by treatment of PrA and OA while AKT/mTOR was unaltered. Further, the effects of PrA and OA on injured podocytes were similar to that of LY294002 (a PI3K‐AKT inhibitor). PrA and OA were also seen to inhibit podocyte apoptosis and p‐AKT/p‐mTOR levels induced by IGF‐1 (a PI3K‐AKT activator). Our data demonstrate that PrA and OA can protect podocytes from injury or apoptosis, which may occur through inhibition of the abnormal activation of AKT‐mTOR signaling.
Single amino acid mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rhomboid peptidase, Pcp1p, alter mitochondrial morphology
Authors: Huddleston Mary Elizabeth , Xiao Ningyu , Both Andries Pieter , Gordon Donna M.
Published: August 2019

Key to mitochondrial activities is the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology, specifically cristae structures formed by the invagination of the inner membrane that are enriched in proteins of the electron transport chain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , these cristae folds are a result of the membrane fusion activities of Mgm1p and the membrane‐bending properties of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase oligomerization. An additional protein linked to mitochondrial morphology is Pcp1p, a serine protease responsible for the proteolytic processing of Mgm1p. Here, we have used hydroxylamine‐based random mutagenesis to identify amino acids important for Pcp1p peptidase activity. Using this approach we have isolated five single amino acid mutants that exhibit respiratory growth defects that correlate with loss of mitochondrial genome stability. Reduced Pcp1p protease activity was confirmed by immunoblotting with the accumulation of improperly processed Mgm1p. Ultra‐structural analysis of mitochondrial morphology in these mutants found a varying degree of defects in cristae organization. However, not all of the mutants presented with decreased ATP synthase complex assembly as determined by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Together, these data suggest that there is a threshold level of processed Mgm1p required to maintain ATP synthase super‐complex assembly and mitochondrial cristae organization.
Artesunate inhibits myofibroblast formation via induction of apoptosis and antagonism of pro‐fibrotic gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Larson Sara A. , Dolivo David M. , Dominko Tanja
Published: August 2019

The anti‐malaria drug artesunate and other chemical analogs of artemisinin have demonstrated cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in bacterial and cancer cells. Artemisinin‐derived compounds have also been demonstrated to attenuate fibrosis in preclinical animal models, but the mechanisms by which this inhibition occurs are not well‐understood. We investigated the effects of artesunate on the emergence of the myofibroblast, which is causally implicated in pro‐fibrotic pathologies. CRL‐2097 human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed for protein and transcript expression after treatment with artesunate to analyze fibroblast activation. Proliferation and apoptosis were also evaluated following treatment with artesunate in this cell line. Treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with artesunate antagonized fibroblast activation and pro‐fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, both at basal culture conditions and when cultured in the presence of exogenous transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), a major pro‐fibrotic cytokine. Artesunate‐treated fibroblasts also demonstrated decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Transcript analysis by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that artesunate downregulated expression of pro‐fibrotic genes including canonical myofibroblast markers, ECM genes, and several TGF‐β receptors and ligands, and upregulated expression of cell cycle inhibitors and matrix‐metalloproteinases. Together, these data demonstrate that artesunate antagonizes fibroblast activation and decreases expression of pro‐fibrotic genes, while also promoting myofibroblast apoptosis, suggesting that these mechanisms may be responsible in part for the anti‐fibrotic effects of artesunate described previously.