bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discours alimentaire et figure du médecin dans la littérature russe du XIXe siècle
Authors: Sacré Natalia
Published: January 2023

Food and the Figure of the Physician in 19th-Century Russian Literature.

this article focuses on the depiction of food in russian classical texts involving figures of physicians, from narezhny to Chekhov. It first examines the link between food and medicine in these texts, then considers the evolution of the physician figure in the context of the evolution of food discourse throughout the 19th century. Finally, it adresses the radical change undergone by the association of food and medicine in Chekhov’s literary discourse. In the first part of the century, physicians are described as promoting modern and healthy foodways ; on the contrary, texts from the second half of the century use the depiction of physicians’ food habits to show them in a negative light, wether as deprived glutons or alcoholics, or as dangerous radicals. Finally, the association of physicians with food in Chekhov’s texts is used only to emphasize their dramatic lost of status.
Le rôle des tolstoïens dans la popularisation du végétarisme en Russie
Authors: De Giorgi Roberta
Published: January 2023

Tolstoyans and the Popularization of Vegetarianism in Russia.

this essay focuses on the role played by tolstoyans in popularizing the principles of vegetarianism in russia in the second half of the 19th century. their major instrument was the publishing house Posrednik (the Mediator), established in 1885 by Vladimir Chertkov and Leo tolstoy. From 1893 to 1916, Posred nik published some thirty volumes on vegetarianism at very affordable prices. these texts aimed at legitimizing vegetarianism using medical and physiological arguments, so as to increase its attraction. they also popularized vegetarian food, by offering to the public large volumes of recipes. Still, the primary goal of the editors of Posrednik was to popularize a conception of life based, according to tolstoy’s teaching, on love for all living beings, reciprocal help, and execrating hunt, slaughtering, war, the death penalty and any other form of violence.
La nourriture dans la prose des camps : l’exemple du Pain de Chalamov
Authors: Gullotta Andrea
Published: January 2023

Food in Russian Gulag Prose : Varlam Shalamov’s tale “ Bread”.

the topic of food in the Gulag is quite challenging to discuss, as it was one of the worst problems for the prisoners, its shortage causing thousands of deaths. Almost all of the authors surviving the Gulag dealt with food in their works. this article is devoted to the way food is represented in Gulag prose. After a brief overview on food in the Soviet Gulag, I analyse the ways in which food is presented in different literary works written by former Gulag prisoners only to concentrate on Varlam Shalamov’s tale “ bread”, where food acquires a peculiar symbolic significance. the general aim of the article is to show how, through the medium of literature, food in the Gulag develops new and sometimes surprising functions.
Sous la loupe des écrivains contemporains. La nourriture ou son absence à l’époque soviétique, entre mythe et réalité
Authors: Gigante Giulia
Published: January 2023

Contemporary Russian Fiction on Food and its Absence in Soviet Times : Between Myth and Reality.

the theme of food and its absence in the Soviet era appears in the works of many contemporary russian writers. on the one hand, literary works document food related material culture in Soviet times and the difficult relation with food in periods of shortage. they also document the lasting consequences of the absence of food, such as the fear of hunger or alimentary obsessions. on the other hand, several novels and stories by émigré writers tend to mirror the mythical dimension that food acquires in fantasy and recollection. numerous narrative threads revolve around food : to a certain extent food acts as a catalyser of introspective motives and psychological nuances, historical and domestic chronicles. the art of making a meal out of nothing mastered by the Soviet housewife is a topos in the works set in those years as is the case with the reflection on the tangle of feelings connected to hunger : distress, shame and fear. of course, the representation of food very often adjusts to the writers’ specific stylistic trends. but more generally, food is used as a metaphor, the symbol of a state of mind or the expression of a nostalgic feeling and provides us with a possible key to interpreting reality.
La Doxa et l’alcool : le rôle des représentations historiques et culturelles dans le discours du pouvoir russe
Authors: Kossov Valery
Published: January 2023

Doxa and Liquor : Historical and Cultural Representations in the Discourse of the Russian Authorities.

this article studies Doxa elements applied to persuasion strategies, which russian political leaders implement, drawing on common national historical and cultural conceptions about liquor drinking, in order to overcome commonly accepted behavior stereotypes. the problem of strong liquor abuse in russia seems to be a major concern for officials and politicians, who have taken different regulatory steps to curb consumption. In the wake of these measures, a discourse has emerged in order to justify government policies and gain credibility, which constitutes a communication challenge. the paradox seems to be that the instrumentalization by political discourse of doxic elements relevant to traditional representations about russian drinking culture presumably aims at phasing out existing norms and promoting the new culture of moderate drinking.
De l'armée russe à la "milice du Christ" : l'engagement de Julia Danzas, demoiselle d'honneur de l'Impératrice
Authors: Niqueux Michel
Published: January 2023

Russian army to Militiae Christi : the engagement of Julia Danzas , maid of honour of Empress Maria Feodorovna.

Julia Danzas (Athens, 1879 ­ Rome, 1942), maid of honour of Empress Maria engaged during First World War in a squadron of Cossacks. After the she converted to Catholicism and pronounced monastic vows in before being arrested in 1923. Self­sacrifice and feminism are the basis the exploits of Julia Danzas , both military and spiritual.
Journal de guerre de Iossif Ilyine, officier russe, 1914-1916
Authors: Jobert Véronique
Published: January 2023

Iosif Ilyin’s War Diary (1914­1916).

This diary, written by a Russian artillery officer , begins on the day of the Russian mobilization order. For two and a half years, Iosif Ilyin, who was wounded right at the beginning of WWI, described the war horror , the situation in the rear of the country , not only in Saint­Petersburg, Moscow, Penza, Kiev and other provincial towns, but also in the family estate near Simbirsk . Notwithstanding a deep love for his homeland, he makes very interesting comments about the lack of organization in the army, the backwardness of the Russian people and the general bribery and corruption all around the country. His descriptions of the countryside are lyrical and very well put. In other words, this diary is of great historical and literary interest.
Une guerre qui n'en finit pas...
Authors: Menegaldo Hélène
Published: January 2023

An endless war…

The exploitation of the family archives gathered in Kiev by my brother has enabled me to reconstitute the itineraries of our father and his brothers, caught in the turmoil of the First World War, then in those of the civil war. To cope with the events of this very complex period, especially in Ukraine, by analysing individual destinies, leads to an inner approach of History, which is grasped in the making. It also leads to ask ourselves questions about the blanks and the unsaid, still numerous, of the historical text, about what were the motivations of individual and collective choices at the origin of «a people’s tragedy ».
La mythologie de la guerre dans les articles de Vassili Rozanov
Authors: Medvedev Alexandre
Published: January 2023

«We started a war, self­satisfied » : the mythology of a war in Vasily Rozanov’s publicism.

The perception of World War I in Vasily Rozanov’s works («The War of 1914 and Russian Renaissance », Petrograd, 1915 ; «In the Fumes of War », Petrograd, Moscow, 1916 ; «The Apocalypse of Our Time », Sergiev Posad, 1917­1918) is considered in the context of articles by Konstantin Leontyev, Nikolai Berdyaev and Mikhail Prishvin’s diary, as well as in the historical and cultural context of the World War I (Cossack Kozma Kryuchkov, publicist Mikhail Menshikov, singer Maria Dolina­Gorlenko). The Slavophile ideology (the myth of Holy Russia) is revealed in Rozanov’s discourse about the war, which became the basis of state propaganda.
La Première Guerre mondiale vue par le cinéma russe
Authors: Belogoryev Alexey
Published: January 2023

World War I in the Mirror of the Russian Cinema.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of World War I reflection in the Russian and Soviet cinema from 1914 (in detail ­ from 1927) to 2016. In addition to the separate review of about 30 feature films and television series, the article contains their comparative analysis and evaluation of the role of the cinema in the creation of the Russian cultural and historical perception of World War I. Traditionally, WWI in the Soviet cinema is seen as the background for the Russian Revolution , the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. Since 2010 a new trend of delayed glorification of war heroes has appeared in the Russian cinema. Russia is actually the only country that still has no anti­war cinema while taking part in the twentieth century world wars.
Entre modèle, contre-modèle et manipulation du modèle : la relation asymétrique entre les Etats-Unis et la Russie après le guerre froide
Authors: Dupuy Stéphane
Published: January 2023

Our research aims at studying the asymmetrical relation between the United States and the Russian Federation since the end of the Cold War in order to find out why the relations between the two countries have grown so tense . Since the United States became the only remaining hyperpower , Washington has tried to promote Liberal Democracy and prevent any other peer competitor on the international scene from emerging and threatening the new world order . Russia refuses to give up its status as a great power and tries by all means to oppose American unilateralism . By manipulating the Western Model , Russia attempts to propose its own version of democracy by substituting an illiberal Counter­Model to the western model of Liberal Democracy.
Le monde russe : un concept et son évolution
Authors: Smirnou Yauheni
Published: January 2023

The Russian World : a concept and its evolution.

Created in the 1990 ’ s after the fall of the Soviet Union , the concept of the

Russian World entered into the Russian political life during the 2000’s . The concept includes the notions of «compatriots living abroad », Russian language and culture, orthodoxy and idea of a «common civilizational area » which implies a «common history » or a «common culture ». The concept seems to respond to the political will of influence in the post­Soviet area, establishing an effective soft power policy . In our study , we intend to analyze the components of the Russian World as one of the Russian soft power forms in the 2000’s. Then, the goal of this study is to show the evolution of the concept during the Ukrainian crisis, when it had been instrumentalized by the government in order to achieve political aims and to justify its policies in Ukraine.
Promouvoir la culture, conforter l'influence : Rossotrudnicestvo et Russkij Mir, instruments du soft power russe à l'ère postsoviétique
Authors: Audinet Maxime
Published: January 2023

Promoting Culture , Bolstering Influence : Rossotrudnichestvo and Russkij Mir, Two Instruments of Russia's Soft Power in the Post­Soviet Era.

The “ color revolutions ” that occurred in the mid­2000’s have urged Russia’s ruling elite to diversify its power channels and develop its own soft power strategy (mjagkaja sila). This understanding has been translated into the erection of a multiform state­centered institutional device. The article tackles the cultural and humanitarian sides of Russia’s soft power and public diplomacy with the case study of two representative organizations committed to the promotion of Russian culture and language abroad : the federal agency Rossotrudničestvo and the Russkij Mir Foundation. We put forward the idea that the preservation of Russia’s political influence in the world – most of all through its compatriots’ policy in the post­ Soviet space – tends to be the main purpose of its mjagkaja sila, beyond the strengthening of the country’s potential of attraction and the improvement of the country’s image these institutions initially pretend to achieve.
Le renouveau de la politique dans l'émigration russe en France (2011-2013)
Authors: Bronnikova Olga
Published: January 2023

The renewal of the politics in the Russian emigration in France (2011­2013).

In 2011­2013, Russian migrants in Paris supported the protest mobilization against the electoral fraud in Russia. Initially , this movement was characterized by the strong heterogeneity of its members from a political standpoint. As soon as 2012 however, the studied milieu experienced, first, an ongoing professionalization and institutionalization of certain groups stemming from the initial movement, second, an attempt to legitimize its «betweenness », the fact of being located at the crossroad of two national political contexts (Russian and French). This betweenness resulted in specific mode of action, hybridizing French and Russian activist traditions, and integrating such an experience in the long history of political activism in the Russian emigration.
Voyage littéraire autour d un "continent imaginaire" : Russie - Argentine, aller et retour
Authors: Stemberger Martina
Published: January 2023

Literary Voyage around an “ Imaginary Continent ” : From Russia to Argentina – and back.

Russia through the prism of “ Literature ” : The narrator of Edgardo Cozarinsky’s significantly entitled story characterizes his personal Russia as a – thoroughly (inter­) textualized – “ imaginary continent ”. This article , based on a corpus of Argentine and Russian texts (with particular focus on the works of Alberto Gerchunoff, Abrasha Rotenberg, Edgardo Cozarinsky, Ricardo Feierstein , and Vladimir Kantor), explores various literary representations of this “ imaginary continent ”, the presence of Russian history, language and culture in the writings of Russian­Jewish immigrants to Argentina and their descendants , from the beginning of the 20th century up to the present day. From a peripheral point of view, these texts , intertwining great history and family chronicles, literary reminiscences and political considerations, create a complex image of a palimpsestic Russia . Confronting different Russian / Soviet visions of Argentina and Argentine perspectives on Russia and the Soviet Union, they illustrate the evolution of the respective auto­ and hetero­images in changing historical contexts, as well as the crucial role of literature in this intercultural dynamics.
Interactions et influences entre les écoles russes, occidentales et françaises dans la recherche linguistique, à travers l’exemple de la notion de « collocation »
Authors: Kryshtaleva Véra
Published: January 2023

As the title implies the article describes various approaches to the definition of the notion «collocations » in Russian , Occidental and French linguistic traditions and different interactions and influences between them . Following the work of Vinogradov in the 1940s , we were the witnesses of the birth of phraseology as an independent linguistic discipline in Russia . He has proposed a classification of phraseologisms , based on the conception of the Suisse linguist Bally . The evolution of the concept of «collocation » is particularly interesting within groups of phraseologisms . In fact , in case this problem is closely related to the theory «Meaning Text » of Melchuk developed in the USSR in the 1960s , then most linguists who have adopted these ideas and use the term «collocation » are Western scolars and particularly French (for example , Tutin and Grossmann , Williams, Kanahe and Polguère ).
Quel modèle pour le sport de haut niveau en Russie aujourd'hui ? Usages et représentations
Authors: Aubin Lukas
Published: January 2023

«We not only organized and hosted the best ever Winter Olympics , but we also won them » declared Vladimir Putin during his ritual New Year Address to the Nation the 31th of December 2014 . Today , sport is one of the most important elements of soft power (NYE , 1990 ) and at the same time a major factor for building and reinforcing national identity . Since Russia is back on the international stage , how are Russian politics shaping the new Russian sport model ?
La transposition d’un idéal russe en Europe : la Serbie
Authors: Milutinovic Cyrille
Published: January 2023

Serbian political parties express a wide range of attitudes towards Russia and to Serbian integration into EU . The presence of Russia in the political field de facto a primary issue . For several years now , Russia has started to promote its model state . Therefore my analysis is focused on the impact of the Russian in Serbia and how it influences political discourse and behavior . According to factions there are various viewpoints concerning the relationship between and Russia . This article analyses the two main actors having embraced or the Russian model . The first one is the Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić : aims at changing Serbia progressively into an authoritarian democracy . The one is the pro­Russian movement composed by several political parties and . Its aim is not only to strengthen ties with Russia , it is also to create a new of state based on Putin ’ s theory such as “ power verticality ” and reinforcements traditional values.
Qui dicte « l’intérêt général » en Russie contemporaine ? Retour sur l’architecture du pouvoir depuis la chute de l’URSS
Authors: Pawlotsky Vladimir
Published: January 2023

Cet article s’inscrit dans l’écriture d’une thèse de doctorat en géographie – géopolitique entamée en octobre 2015 à l’Institut français de géopolitique de l’université Paris VIII sous la codirection des professeurs Philippe Subra (PU­ CRAG ) et Jean­Robert Raviot (PU­CRPM ). Certains éléments seront vraisemblablement repris dans la thèse intitulée «Moscou­Saint­Pétersbourg : géopolitique du territoire inter­métropolitain ». La thèse aura pour but l ’ analyse du territoire susmentionné à l ’ aune des grands projets d ’ aménagement impulsés par les autorités russes depuis une quinzaine d ’ années . Prônant , sur le plan national , la stabilité du régime , le retour à un État fort , le développement économique et le désenclavement des régions déficitaires , les autorités se parent d ’ une rhétorique puissante : l ’ intérêt général , «notion cardinale » qui permet à celui qui l ’ emploie de justifier auprès des populations son usage du territoire . Alors que le modèle français privilégie l ’ emploi de l ’ intérêt général comme l ’ intérêt du collectif qui transcende les intérêts individuels , l ’ intérêt général apparaît au contraire dans la tradition anglo­saxonne comme la somme des intérêts particuliers . Cet article a pour intention de présenter la conception de l ’ intérêt général en Russie , la manière dont elle est énoncée, ses emprunts et son évolution . Il entend questionner les liens qui unissent les organes de la démocratie locale et l ’ intérêt général , et s ’ organise sur un récapitulatif des notions majeures de l ’ architecture du pouvoir russe liées aux réformes administratives (déconcentration , décentralisation , auto­administration locale ) orchestrées depuis la fin de l’URSS .
Algirdas Julien Greimas et Lev Karsavine
Authors: Merkoulova Inna
Published: January 2023

This article presents a translation into French of the little­known text of the French­Lithuanian semiotician Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917­1992 ) about his relationship with the Russian philosopher , poet and historian­medievalist Lev Karsavin (1882­1952 ), who was his professor at the University of Lithuania in Kaunas in the 1930s . Under the influence of the approach and ideas of the Russian philosopher , Greimas will return to the dialogue with his teacher in 1987 , with the book " On imperfection ."
Et si Lénine avait été fusillé ? Réflexions sur l’offre politique des années 1917­1 921
Authors: Comte Philippe
Published: January 2023

The author makes an incursion into the field of alternative history : if the Bolsheviks had been eliminated in July 1917 , how would the other parties , once in power , have taken up the challenges facing Russia at the time ? For if the period of revolutionary troubles had brought them to power , they would have been at any rate confronted with the need to urgently start the accelerated industrialization of a backward rural country , where only 18 % of the population were city dwellers . The revenues of such modernization were not so numerous . On the one hand , there was the authoritarian confiscation of the added value produced by peasant labor and , on the other hand , the betting on foreign investment and the massive purchase of foreign technology , financed by the export of agricultural products . The author tries to demonstrate that a non­Bolshevik government (whether social democratic or right wing ) would probably also have used forms of violence against the peasantry (but – and this is essential – it would not have imposed total collectivization ). All the more so because " it was the spirit of the times " : had the Imperial Government in November1916 and the Provisional Government in March 1917 not already adopted (without success ) measures of forced requisition of grain ? Whatever the outcome of the period of revolutionary troubles , agrarian Russia was condemned and the leap towards the industrial era was indispensable . Otherwise , Russia would have been transformed into a colony­reserve of raw materials by western imperialism . This was the " roadmap " of any Russian government in the early 1920s : forcing a huge country to urgently form its enclosures.
Les transformations sociales soviétiques (fin 1917­ début 1918)
Authors: Choubine Alexandre
Published: January 2023

After the October Coup in Petrograd the Soviet power was established in Russia and the first reforms were undertaken . However , there was nothing socialist about the first decrees of the Soviet government aiming at the tasks set by more radical than Bolshevik right­wing parties – the SRs and the Mensheviks . According to the Marxist theory , the Bolsheviks ­ just like the Anarchists ­ hoped that Factory committees , Workers ’ Control bodies , labor union , and the Soviets would work on a single plan . The fields of competence of different levels of economic management were not clearly defined , which led to the conflicts between self­managing bodies and regional administration and resulted in the economic chaos . The choice was inevitable – self­organization , self­management and lower strata democracy or construction from above of a new regime and economy , controlled from a single center and operating on a strict compulsion to decisions of the state center . The Soviet self­organization was a tool for Lenin and the goal was communism . He made his choice and aimed at strengthening the centralization of power . He proposed to end the “ Red Guards ’ attack on capitalism ” and to replace it with systematic nationalization .
À quoi s’attendaient les habitants des villes de l’Oural en 1917 et qu’ont-ils vu ?
Authors: Narsky Igor
Published: January 2023

In 1917 and early 1918 two significant events took place in Ural cities : “ holidays of the revolution ”, which were held everywhere in the spring , and the destruction of wine storehouses in the autumn and winter . The article interprets the difference in the behaviour and moods of citizens as a contrast between what kind of revolution the Ural citizens expected to see and what revolution they saw and survived .
Une semaine à Saint-Pétersbourg. Octobre 1969
Authors: Legrelle Arsène
Published: January 2023

Arsène Legrelle, a French scholar and translator , sets foot in Saint­Petersburg in October 1869 . He delivers here a spontaneous , vivid and detailed account of the seven days spent in the city he discovers with great enthusiasm . All the sights are described with an almost photographic accuracy and a touch of humor . An untimely telegram puts an end to the excitement of this first stay . Four longer trips to Russia will follow , which will be recounted in a book , Le Volga (1872 ).
Présences russes à Pékin : « Ce qui, longtemps oublié, fait retour désormais… »
Authors: Menegaldo Hélène
Published: January 2023

Orthodoxy was introduced in China in the 13th century through khan Koubilai’s Russian prisoners. In the 17th century, the Cossacks defeated at Fort Albazine set up in Beijing the orthodox community of Beïgouan which is destroyed during the Boxers’ revolt but , being rebuilt, serves as a shelter for refugees fleeing from Siberia after the defeat of White Russian armies. The Japanese invasion in 1937 and the victory of the Communists in 1949 bring the "Russian Beijing" to an end.
« Le sang a tué ton âme... » (Ce qui ne fut pas de Boris Savinkov)
Authors: Niqueux Michel
Published: January 2023

Historical and literary introduction to B. Savinkov’s novel (1879­1925 ) What never happened (Three brothers), published in Russia in 1912­1913. The novel, written by a desillusioned terrorist , raises the issue of moral justifications for terrorism, through the lives of three brothers during and after the 1905 uprising , and their relationship to their party leadership. Based on Tolstoy’s War and Peace , the novel will, later on, inspire Camus and Malraux.
Tournant du XXe siècle en Russie. Une famille dans la turbulence
Authors: Balakhovskaïa Tatiana , Laurent Anne
Published: January 2023

The ordeal of two families from Kiev.

The Schwarzmann and Balachowsky families gave the world not only the famous philosopher Leo Shestov, but also many other people who made a significant contribution to science and culture. After the revolution , they lost their fortune and had to leave Russia and settle in different countries. Despite this, the relatives kept together and supported each other in difficult circumstances.
Les liens fragiles entre l’URSS et l’Occident : la figure du passeur culturel dans les années 1950
Authors: Filimonov Dimitri
Published: January 2023

This is a case study of a Soviet encounter with a sample of Western culture during the Cold War period : the reception of French cultural production in the USSR through the personality of Yves Montand , the first important artist that marks profoundly the Soviet cultural field alter the Stalin ’ s death . Focusing our study on the reception of the French culture by Soviet publics , the study is based on analysis of the private letters addressed to Obraztsov who served as «cultural passeur ». His role is crucial for the recognition of the French singer in the land of the Soviets . Obraztsov , as a cultural mediator , knows the cultural , but especially ideological , codes of his country . He then manages to construct an image , choosing the traits " in conformity " with Soviet reality , which allows realizing the cultural transfer and contributing to the improvement of the official and informal contacts between the two countries . The study is based mostly on unpublished archival sources , such as the correspondence between Obraztsov and Montand , and the many unpublished letters from Soviet citizens to Obraztsov about his programs on Yves Montand , but also on primary sources such as press articles . This study is a part of my work to prepare the PhD thesis entitled " The Making of the Image of France in the Soviet Media : 1946­ 1958 " under the direction of Mr . André Filler , MCF HDR at the University of Paris VIII .
L’émigration, une ouverture intellectuelle : Hélène Iswolsky et la « force des faibles »
Authors: Foletti Karolina
Published: January 2023

After the revolutions of 1917 , Helen Iswolsky (1896 – 1975 ), the daughter of the Russian ambassador in Paris , became an émigré . Searching for the means of survival , she used her knowledge of languages to work as a journalist and writer presenting Russia ’ s history and presence to the western audience in her articles and novels . Sensitive to political problems and social issues , she joined western intellectuals (e . g . Jacques and Raisa Maritain , Dorothy Day ) and other émigrés (Nicolas Berdiaev ) in the reflection on the historical events and in the search for responsible attitudes to the situation at that time . Entering the Catholic Church in 1923 , she became strongly involved in the promotion of ecumenical dialogs . Intellectual as well as religious aspects of Iswolsky ’ s work are closely connected with her initial situation of “ weakness ” – i . e . with her experience of exile . The latter is , however , transformed in “ strength ” in Iswolsky ’ s capacity to “ cross the borders ” between the Orthodox and Catholics , between Russian and western intellectuals , and also between the rich and poor.
Les rapports de force entre générations dans la mise en scène par Stanislas Roquette des Règles du savoir­vivre dans la société moderne
Authors: Leprince Alexis
Published: January 2023

Our paper focuses on the creation in Russia and in russian of Jean­Luc Lagarce’s play Les règles du savoir­vivre dans la société moderne . It was staged in March 2017 by the French actor and director Stanislas Roquette , at the invitation of the Saratov Drama Theatre and the French Institute . The show builds its dramaturgy around the balance of power between generations . The article therefore analyses on the one hand the formation of this dramaturgy during the rehearsals with the Russian actors , and on the other hand how this dramaturgy formulates a hypothesis – a political one , perhaps ­ on the strength of the weak.
La résistance des « faibles » à travers un acte artistique (sur l’exemple du récit d’Alexandre Soljenitsyne La Confiture d’abricot)
Authors: Zayanchkauskayte Victoria
Published: January 2023

At the moment of historical cataclysms , like Russia ’ s 1917 Revolution , the conversion of power from the dominating to the dominated can be produced . The official discourse becomes a tool of indocrination et shifts in social values . In these conditions , the writer who is against this discourse makes his own act of resistance by giving a voice to the marginal figures in his stories , in other words to the “ weak ”. The article is devoted to observing the process of maginalization executed by the newly dominating social group et to analyzes with the example ofAlexander Solzhenitsyn ’ s story The Apricot Jam , the artistic means which can be qualified as form of resistance . This study attempts to draw conclusions about the implicit stake of this artistic work.
La nudité visible et invisible : de la nudité honteuse vers la nudité en quête de spiritualité dans l’iconographie médiévale russe
Authors: Leyloyan-Yekmalyan Anna
Published: January 2023

The conscious awareness of the nakedness of the body is brought about by disobedience against the divine order and the subsequent Fall of Adam and Eve , as their mortal bodies are laid bare and stripped of their divine light . Adam ’ s loss of immortality creates a parallel between visible nudity and death . By laying completely or partially bare the body of Christ , these images will highlight the humanity of the Savior and at once reflect the New Adam as represented by Christ , who will deliver man from his original sin . Through death , Christ will save humanity and equally , through his nakedness , he will show himself to be the New Adam . This is the reason why Jesus is depicted naked only in those image where he is figured with Adam , notably The Bath of Baby Jesus , The Baptism , The Crucifiction , The Descent from the Cross , The Burial and even the Lamentations of Christ . It is also through nudity or the absence of proper clothing , that the “ madman ” is depicted in hagiographic imagery . This is a nakedness that goes against convention and ruptures the social order , through the material and spirituality austerity of the “ Fool­for­Christ ” or the iurodivy in Russia . Medieval iconography reproduces the nudity of the “ Fool­for­Christ ” as a manifestation of the austerity , destitution and fragility of life . In this case the shame of the naked body is transformed into that of bare innocence on a spiritual quest to find the original purity of Adam . Likewise , there exists here a parallel between mortal death and spiritual resurrection . It is clear that in medieval iconography the depiction of nudity is never a trivial matter . On the contrary , it is an important part of a symbolic vocabulary that contributes towards the decoding of the rich theological significations of these images.
Distinguer, ressentir, se transformer : aspects corporels du voyage russe à l’étranger au début du XIXe siècle
Authors: Kouprianov Pavel
Published: January 2023

Exploring the practice and texts of early 19 th century foreign travel by Russians illustrates the extent to which corporeal aspects play an important role in it . The stranger ’ s body is always seen and noted by the observer as an integral part of ethnographic description . Particular attention is paid to certain specific criteria , notably beauty , health , height and physical condition etc . This attention to the stranger ’ s body is not accidental in the “ enlightened ” journey , but rather rational and pragmatic , insofar as it helps the traveler to systemize and explain cultural diversity . Moreover , the extremeness of a long and distant voyage often enables the traveler to reveal (and sometimes to transform ) their own body . Interaction in the environment (both natural and human ) makes the owner of the body to aware (or enables them to construct ) its borders , and thereby actualize the issue of identity . Most significantly , this issue is manifested in the topics of food and disease / treatment – both of which are associated with the problem of the body ’ s transformation and its becoming the Other . The required conditions for such practices are created in the travel situation , when the traveler ’ s body becomes a necessary tool and at the same time a polygon of diverse experiments with cultural borders and identity , a highly topical subject in Russian society in the early nineteenth century.
Le théâtre anatomique de Vsevolod Garchine
Authors: Platov Ilya
Published: January 2023

L’article est consacré aux représentations du corps et de la corporéité dans les récits de guerre de Vsevolod M . Garchine , basés sur sa propre expérience de combattant de la guerre russo­turque de 1877­1878 , récits caractérisés par la même attention à l’expérience vécue de la guerre, à la vie aux frontières de la mort , le même sens de l’ironie tragique (suggérées par la métaphore du «théâtre anatomique »). L’attention portée au corps en guerre lui permet de déconstruire les représentations conventionnelles de la guerre. Bien qu’il condamne la guerre, il voit aussi en elle un remède à la crise intérieure , une forme de libération personnelle à travers la participation au «grand corps du peuple ». Le thème de la violence essentielle qui gouverne la société militaire s ’ exprime à travers la zoomorphie : les hommes sont comparés à des animaux en fonction de leur appartenance à la catégorie des «prédateurs » ou de « proies ». Il en va de même pour les images de l’ennemi . Chez Garchine, la guerre en tant qu ’ expérience liminaire remet en cause les frontières et l’intégrité du corps , et les récits de Garchine abondent en description de corps mutilés , démembrés ou décomposés . Au travers de l ’ image du vétéran à la jambe de bois , il aborde le problème de l’identité , d’un « savoir » inscrit dans le corps du combattant qui revient à la vie civile
Le corps dans l’œuvre de Zinovieva­Annibal : un facteur de libération. Lidia Zinovieva­Annibal, une novatrice
Authors: Defarges Françoise
Published: January 2023

L’œuvre littéraire de Lidia Zinovieva­Annibal (1866­1907) donne une place inédite au corps , non pas au corps de l’apparence extérieure , mais à celui des sensations et des émotions primaires. À l’écoute de ce corps, au fil de ses écrits, l’écrivaine dessine une nouvelle représentation du sujet féminin . Les élans de vie et la sexualité , loin d’être des penchants à réprimer , se révèlent des supports pour la constitution du sujet et l’affirmation de soi. L’opposition âme / corps s’efface devant la découverte d'une pulsion de destruction qui côtoie la pulsion de vie à l'intérieur même du sujet. Les rapports sociaux sont éclairés d'une lumière nouvelle, et l’auteur met à jour la violence , consolidée par la tradition , qui radicalise la distinction « Je », « Nous » et les « Autres ». Lidia Zinovieva­Annibal, en partageant une expérience profonde, enracinée dans le corps, transforme la représentation de soi, elle ouvre la voie à d’autres auteurs féminins dans la littérature russe, qui s’efforceront, comme elle, d’élargir leur liberté de création.
L’ivresse dionysiaque sous contrôle : la création dans les années 1920 de la « danse soviétique de masse »
Authors: Sorokina Nina
Published: January 2023

Nous allons étudier dans cet article la manière dont l’État soviétique a tenté, au milieu des années 1920, d’introduire un contrôle sur ce qui est traditionnellement perçu comme le type le plus direct, spontanément libre , et même « dionysien » de danse, la pliaska . La danse libre a subi une pression officielle jusqu’à un certain point, lui opposant une résistance partielle. Bien qu’à l’époque étudiée le contrôle de l’État sur l’art n’ait pas encore été total, sont apparues des formes institutionnelles tout à fait grotesques, comme le « département d’État à la pliaska ». Cela a affecté indirectement les danses de salon ou danses de société , y compris le tango et le foxtrot. Ces danses ont été taxées de «bourgeoises » et ont été interdites dans les salles de danse publiques. Au cours des années 1920, le tango , le foxtrot et d’autres formes de danse inspirées par le jazz ont été remplacées par des «pliaska de masse » et de la «danse­culture physique ». Nous verrons en conclusion les différentes personnes qui ont participé à ce processus pour tenter de comprendre si elles ont souffert de travailler à l’intérieur du système soviétique et si elles ont lutté contre.
Une maison d’édition américaine qui «  sauva la culture de toute la Russie  » : YMCA­Press dans l’entre­deux­guerres
Authors: Pashkeeva Natalia
Published: January 2023

L’article contribue à la reconstitution des modalités de création de la maison d’édition YMCA­Press et de son fonctionnement dans l’entre­deux­guerres . La création de cette maison d’édition est le résultat de l’interaction des agents de l’YMCA américaine , organisation internationale protestante , et des intellectuels émigrés ou expulsés de la Russie soviétique. Nous examinons les motivations qui animaient les acteurs clés de cette entreprise, l’évolution de leurs relations et du projet éditorial lui­même en lien avec leur attitude envers la Russie soviétique, l’YMCA et les priorités fixées par la direction de la YMCA de New York
La construction du patrimoine en Russie depuis vingt ans : acteurs, buts et méthodes. L’exemple de la région de Kargopol (Grand Nord)
Authors: Trofimov Andreï
Published: January 2023

Cet article analyse les formes et les processus de construction du patrimoine culturel à l’exemple de la région de Kargopol, située dans l’oblast d ’ Arkhangelsk. Il explore les perceptions de la culture traditionnelle du point de vue de différents groupes sociaux et professionnels tels que les spécialistes du folklore qui étudient et recensent ces phénomènes ; les «agents traditionnels » de la transmission de ces pratiques folkloriques, c’est­à­dire les habitants des villages ; les agents officiels – employés des services de protection du patrimoine ou professionnels du monde muséal ; ou encore les activistes locaux . L’article montre que les recherches faites sur ces festivités locales autant que leurs reconstitutions contemporaines relèvent de constructions sociales influencées par de multiples facteurs (appartenance à une école de pensée spécifique ou encore prise de liberté dans la reproduction de ces pratiques sans réelle prise avec leur réalité ). En conclusion, cette réflexion montre que de telles reconstitutions contribuent à attirer l’attention de la population sur leur propre région et possède ainsi une influence positive sur le développement de la société civile .
La valorisation du patrimoine matériel et immatériel traditionnel dans la Russie contemporaine
Authors: Belova Olga
Published: January 2023

Le présent article s’interroge sur la place qu’occupe la promotion du patrimoine culturel matériel et immatériel dans la politique culturelle de l’État russe. L’analyse des différentes mesures gouvernementales destinées à la valorisation de ce patrimoine montre comment elles répondent à un double objectif : d’un côté, la promotion des valeurs culturelles définies comme traditionnelles en accord avec la nouvelle identité nationale et, de l’autre, leur diffusion à l’étranger afin de créer une image positive du pays sur la scène internationale. Cependant, la notoriété culturelle internationale de la Russie semble découler aujourd hui autant des efforts soutenus du gouvernement que d’une multitude d'actions et de création individuelles qui se situent souvent à la marge, ou parfois ouvertement, dans l’opposition à la politique culturelle officielle de l’État russe.
Le théâtre russe face à la mondialisation culturelle : des choix difficiles et risqués
Authors: Autant-Mathieu Marie-Christine
Published: January 2023

De 1991 jusqu’au début des années 2010, le théâtre traditionnel russe a coexisté avec des expérimentations de toutes sortes, bien souvent liées à l’ouverture sur le monde . Mais le durcissement de la politique culturelle, assignant à l’artiste l’obligation de partager les valeurs de la société et de l’État, compromet tout rapport critique à l'égard du patrimoine culturel qu’il s’agit désormais de protéger , de mettre en valeur et non de métisser. Les menaces pèsent sur tous les artistes et n'épargnent pas les créateurs de renom, comme en atteste l’arrestation en mai 2017 de Kirill Serebrennikov, directeur artistique du Centre Gogol . Nous présentons ici brièvement la position esthétique et civique de Boris Ioukhananov, directeur de l’Elektroteatr Stanislavski à Moscou.
Le musée Savitski de Noukous (Ouzbékistan) : histoire d’une institution patrimoniale unique
Authors: Babanazarova Marinika
Published: January 2023

L’article traite d ’ un événement rare au XXe siècle, la constitution ex nihilo d’un patrimoine et sa conservation presque immédiate dans un musée construit ad hoc. En un peu plus d’un demi­siècle s’entremêlent les trois processus de construction , de destruction et de reconstruction de ce patrimoine. Ouvert en 1966, le musée d'État des Beaux­arts de la république du Karakalpakstan, dans la ville de Noukous (Ouzbékistan), rassemble, entre autres, une collection d’antiquités du Khorezm ancien, dont la culture était totalement inconnue avant les fouilles entamées en 1937, et une collection de toiles de l ’ école de peinture ouzbek formée au début des années 1920. Le musée doit beaucoup à son fondateur , Igor Savitski, qui a sauvé de la destruction nombre d'oeuvres de peintres ouzbeks et russes victimes des répressions des années 1930 , à une époque où il était risqué en URSS de prononcer leur nom . Aujourd’hui reconnus pour la plupart, ils ont (ré) intégré le patrimoine local, ainsi reconstruit .

ABSTRACT
Remarque sur "la pauvreté" de l'intelligentsia soviétique à l'époque du Grand tournant
Authors: Rolet Serge
Published: January 2023

L’intelligentsia artistique soviétique subit les pénuries de logement et de biens matériels. Elle manque d’argent. L’instauration du rationnement rend la vie quotidienne plus difficile . Le sentiment de pauvreté des intellectuels vient de leur difficulté à maintenir un style de vie « bourgeois ». Ils cherchent , d’une part , grâce à leurs relations avec les dirigeants, à accéder à l ’«approvisionnement spécial » [спецснабжение], et d'autre part, à maximiser leurs revenus. Dans le secteur de l’édition , on constate que la recherche du profit et la concurrence des responsables de projets et des auteurs, traducteurs, etc., permet aux plus actifs de signer des contrats très lucratifs
Souvenirs de dix ans de Goulag au Kazakhstan
Authors: Seliverstova Ludmila
Published: January 2023

Ludmila S. (Mila) was arrested in Kiev, during the night of June 23 rd 194 . Ten years after her release , she started to write down her memories : eight hundred pages of typescript in four bundles which she tried to get published in Paris in 1972. Part of it , slightly modified , appeared in Raduga (Kiev, 5­6, 1982, pps . 8­68), but publication of the rest was halted . She was my aunt . She entrusted her typescript to me. I have translated some parts of it which offer an interesting vision now that the experiences of women are valued . She was thirty three years old, married , and had two children. Positive and cultivated , she overcame her personal tragedy by excelling in work and theatrical activities. She loved the beauty of the location at the foot of the Altaï and she looked out for her fellow detainees. In the latter years, they disappeared , and she lost courage , even though the rigour of the controls relaxed . I give here an extract from this work , which I have translated and accompanied with a commentary.
Construire une relation avec les pouvoirs publics : La Croix­Rouge russe à la recherche de sa place
Authors: Shorokhov Konstantin
Published: January 2023

L’objectif de cet article, structuré en deux parties, est , d’une part, d’analyser le cadre réglementaire qui régit l’action de la Croix­Rouge en Russie et de montrer les effets de celui­ci et, d’autre part, d’analyser en quoi une coopération entre cet acteur associatif et les pouvoirs publics favorise la mise en œuvre de son action . Il est notamment montré que , intégrée de fait dans le milieu des ONG , la Croix­Rouge russe cherche à renforcer son rôle d'auxiliaire des pouvoirs publics prescrit par les statuts du Mouvement international de la Croix­Rouge et du Croissant­Rouge. En même temps , elle bénéficie d’un ensemble d ’ aides publiques , financières et non financières, qui favorisent son action au niveau régional et local. Cette analyse s’appuie sur une étude de documents produits par l’organisation et sur une enquête par entretien menée auprès des responsables de la Croix­Rouge dans les régions de Novgorod et de Pskov situées au nord­ouest de la Russie.
Le conte littéraire russe à l’époque romantique : limites et frontières d’un genre
Authors: Albertino Simon
Published: January 2023

Durant l'époque romantique russe, plusieurs écrivains ont décidé d’écrire leurs propres contes. Le plus connu d’entre eux demeure encore aujourd’hui Pouchkine, dont les contes sont encore très présents à l’école ou dans les librairies. Mais d’autres auteurs se sont aussi prêtés au jeu : certains se sont inspirés du folklore des contes populaires russes en en reprenant les personnages , créatures ou objets magiques , tandis que d’autres ont fait le choix de créer des récits plus personnels. En résulte un genre du conte littéraire russe riche , mais aussi complexe à définir du fait de la grande variété des textes qui le composent . Les travaux des folkloristes russes se concentrent aujourd ’ hui sur les origines de ces contes littéraires : proviennentils de contes populaires russes ou se fondent­ils sur des sources étrangères, notamment allemandes ? La frontière entre conte littéraire et conte populaire apparaît par conséquent centrale dans le processus d’identification du genre du conte littéraire. Toutefois, trop se concentrer sur les origines du conte littéraire peut conduire à l’égarement, car le récit lui­même finit par être mis de côté, voire oublié, au même titre que les contes littéraires où le folklore n’est que pas ou peu présent . Savoir situer la place qu’occupe la frontière entre le conte littéraire russe et le conte populaire apparaît donc comme déterminant pour évaluer toute la richesse de ce genre littéraire complexe.