bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upward continuation of total magnetic field intensity data over Sokoto basin, north-western Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Sirajo , Muhammad Sabiu B.
Published: August 2023

High-resolution aeromagnetic data covering the Sokoto basin, north-western Nigeria were acquired and analyzed using regional enhancement techniques, upward continuation and second order regional. The objective was to delineate major geological structures. The data, which are in form of a grid, were knitted using Oasis Montaj software to obtain the magnetic total field intensity map. The composite grid was reduced to a magnetic equator to align the peaks of magnetic anomalies over the center of their causative bodies. The reduced grid was continued at various planes of observation to understate anomalies due to shallow features. The planes were at 10 km, 20 km, 30 km, 40 km, 50 km, 70 km, and 100 km above the surface. Upward continuation maps produced greatly enhanced the long-wavelength (low wavenumber) anomalies associated with deeper subsurface regional structures. The continuation revealed a high magnetic intensity anomaly in western parts of the area and low magnetic intensity anomalies in the eastern parts. The low magnetic intensity in the eastern part is interpreted as a sedimentary deposit. The residual field was removed from the total magnetic field data using the second-order least square method to get the second-order regional field. The regional field analysis agrees with the upward continuation result.
Human health risk assessment of heavy metals detected in dried fish species consumed in Benin City, Edo State, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Iyorah I. E. , Uzoamaka G
Published: August 2023

Heavy metal content and its associated hazard risk to human health were assessed in dried fish species commonly consumed in Benin city metropolis. In this study, three commercially available dried fish species Elops lacerta (ten pounder), Clarias gariepinus (catfish) and Cynoglossus senegalensis (sole fish) were purchased from selected markets in Edo State, Southern Nigeria. Result indicates that the heavy metal content was higher in Elops lacerta fish than the other fish species. On average, levels of Cd (0.23±0.03 mg/kg), Cu (10.50±2.87 mg/kg), Pb (0.14±0.03 mg/kg) and Zn (24.97±2.41 mg/kg) in all three fish species were below the maximum acceptable limits except for Fe (44.44 ±3.18 mg/kg). The metal pollution index (MPI) in fish species was below 100. Estimated daily intake (EDI) for the metals was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Target hazard quotient (THQ) of all metals was below 1, but the total THQ values for associated metals were above 1 for children, suggesting a non-carcinogenic health risk to children. Target carcinogenic risk (TR) was within the acceptable limits of 10 –4 to 10 –6 indicating low carcinogenic risk to the consumer. We recommend that the dried fish species in the studied areas should be closely monitored to protect consumer health, especially in children.
Food security status and its determinants among rural households of Tach Gaint District, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Yismaw
Published: August 2023

Food security is a challenge facing all countries, especially those in Sub-Sahara Africa. Ending hunger, achieving food security, and improving nutrition are the Nations’ 2030 core goals which Ethiopia is striving to attain. Therefore, assessing rural household food security contributes to this effort. Accordingly, the present study intended to investigate the determinants of rural food security at the household level in Tach Gaint district, South Gondar Zone, Amhara region. The study employed a cross-sectional research design composed of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It used a random sampling technique to select sample households. Household surveys, key informant interviews, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect primary data. A total of 200 households were covered by the questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that nearly half of the sampled households were food insecure. The binary logistic regression results showed seven out of twelve explanatory variables: sex, household size, livestock number in Tropical Livestock Unit, farmland size, oxen number, age, and credit access as determinants of household food security. In conclusion, the determinants of food security are complex and call for multifaceted interventions. Such efforts should include resettling food insecure households where better land resources are available, establishing skill training centers for farming households, enhancing rural credit services ,and expanding and improving family planning services.
Conquest and Law as a Eurocentric enterprise: An Azanian philosophical critique of legal epistemic violence in “South Africa”
Authors: Lepuru Masilo
Published: August 2023

This essay will critically analyse how conquest that resulted in white settler colonialism laid the foundation for epistemic violence.  Epistemic violence, which took the form of the imposition of the law of the European conqueror in the wake of land dispossession in 1652  in South Africa is the fundamental problem this essay will critically engage with. We will rely on the Azanian philosophical tradition as a  theoretical framework to critique this legal epistemic violence. Our theoretical framework is in line with Afrikan jurisprudence, which is  grounded in the culture and worldview of the Indigenous people conquered in wars of conquest. Fundamental to our argument is that  the law of the European conqueror, which was imposed through conquest is a Eurocentric enterprise, which seeks to negate the Afrikan  worldview and culture and reinforce historic injustice. It is important to note that epistemic violence commenced with the issuing of papal bulls, which undergirded conquest and white settler colonialism in South Africa. The thesis of the essay is that in the wake of conquest  and the attendant imposition of the law of the European conqueror, white settlers used their law to technicalise issues of historic injustice  such as land dispossession. It is in this sense that this essay seeks to contribute to the decolonisation of law by foregrounding  the worldview and culture of the Indigenous conquered people.
How consumers’ motivations and perceptions shape consumption of domestic products in COVID-19 era: A case of poultry meat in Ghana
Authors: Quaye W. , Asante-Addo C. , Akon-Yamga G. , Yeboah M. , Safo N. K.
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes consumers’ motivations, perceptions, and effects of COVID-19 on the consumption of local chicken in Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 400 local poultry consumers. In addition to descriptive analysis, an ordered regression model was used to analyse the effect of COVID-19 on the consumption of local chickens. The results show that consumers consider nutritional and health values, safety, taste, and freshness as the most important motivating factors for the purchase of local chicken. More than one-third of the respondents reduced poultry meat consumption owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, other factors, such as age, income, market channels, efforts to find local chicken, and support for the local economy, significantly influenced the frequency of consumption. Based on these findings, marketing strategies should focus on the nutritional and health value, safety, taste and freshness associated with the local chicken and support for the local economy. Making chickens available in cold stores and supermarkets increases their consumption.
Phytochemicals and biological activities of Tetrapleura tetraptera seed extracts
Authors: Korang J. , Owusu-Asante J. O. , Ibrahim S. , Ofori E. , Owusu J.
Published: August 2023

Tetrapleura tetraptera, also known commonly as Prekese or Aidan fruit in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively, is noted for its use in herbal preparations. The fruit in particular is employed as an ingredient in traditional medicine and as a spice across West-Africa. The seed, which forms part of the fruit, is discarded together with the spent fruit. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition as well as the biological activity of the hexane and ethanol extracts of the prekese seed. Our investigation revealed that the extracts contained valuable secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. All extracts exhibited mild to good levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The ethanol extract had a better biological activity compared to the hexane extract. The biological activities of both the hexane and ethanol extracts were lower compared to those of ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole.
Decommissioning, Safety and Africa’s Blue Energy Economy: An Analysis of the African Integrated Maritime Strategy (Aims) 2050.
Authors: Wifa Eddy , Ozah Azubuike , Achor Patrick
Published: August 2023

The African maritime region is home to a variety of natural resources, including oil and gas and has significant potential for the maximisation of emerging offshore energy resources like wind, tidal and hydrogen. While thse discussions on the economic exploitation of these resources and the environmental dimensions of decommissioning have been the focus of numerous studies,1 the analysis of the legal and regulatory regime for safe decommissioning these assets and installations are quite limited. Considering that safety is an important consideration in the decommissioning of offshore oil and gas installations, this article takes a particularly unique position in critically examining the safety implications of offshore decommissioning of oil and gas infrastructures and the regulatory regime that is required to mitigate these safety risks. From an African context, it argues that the regulatory architecture for ensuring the safe removal of these offshore assets have not been give the required attention. More specifically, the decommissioning regime under the various African Conventions and particularly the African Integrated Maritime Strategy (AIMS) 2050, does not provide for a safety risk governance model as well as the various measures of regulatory scrutiny that ensures compliance in such a high and major risk operation. Drawing lessons from the European Safety Directive 2013 that was adopted following the 2010 Macondo disaster,2 this article argues for the adoption of a safety case-like regulatory strategy that requires members states to promote the adoption of a Mazard report.
Decommissioning Disputes – The Sustainability Gap.
Authors: Balogun Timi , Davar Michael , Chicco Ruggero
Published: August 2023

The regulatory framework for oil and gas decommissioning forms the background against which decommissioning disputes take place. The growing role of sustainability considerations in the decommissioning process could lead to an increase in existing decommissioning disputes and to the development of new decommissioning sustainability disputes.
New Frontiers for Decommissioning in Brazil
Authors: Leite Barbara Eiroa , Belchior Bruno
Published: August 2023

This article explores the challenges and opportunities for decommissioning in Brazil, presenting the relevant regulatory framework. It also highlights the importance of the sustainable development as one of the guiding principles for the Brazilian government, especially to the energy sector. In this sense, the article explores different methods of infrastructure decommissioning, including the most advanced ones, such as the reuse to create wind offshore power projects or artificial reefs. Overall, the article discusses the expectations and forecasts for decommissioning activities in Brazil, and concludes that they have the potential to become a key instrument for the country to preserve the environment.
A Critical Assessment of the Regulatory Framework for Oil and Gas Decommissioning in Nigeria
Authors: Omotuyi Opeyemi Yetunde
Published: August 2023

Oil and gas production have been ongoing in Nigeria since the first major discovery of oil in commercial quantity in 1956. With over sixty years of exploitation, there is a tendency that several oil fields may be approaching the end of their viable lifespan. Moreover, with the increasing agitation against global warming and climate change, and the attendant shift towards energy transition and sustainable development, a wave of decommissioning in the oil and gas sector is to be expected globally. Since Nigeria is identifying with the energy transition agenda, the discourse on decommissioning is germane to the Nigerian oil and gas industry, especially because a move to cleaner energy sources will necessitate the decommissioning of several oil fields in the country. To ensure an effective decommissioning regime however, there must be established clear and enforceable rules and regulations for decommissioning in the oil and gas industry. Such rules and regulations must also address major issues and challenges attributable to decommissioning oil and gas projects generally.

Against this backdrop, this study explores the various legal regimes applicable to the decommissioning of oil and gas projects in Nigeria, with the aim of identifying the adequacy or otherwise of such laws. It was found that the existing legal regime, where considered together, provides adequately for decommissioning issues and challenges in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. Notwithstanding, the study found few challenges that may still hinder effective decommissioning processes in Nigeria. Therefore, the study concluded by proffering suitable recommendations that can promote the objectives of decommissioning in the Nigerian oil and gas sector.
Skills improvement needs of electronics work trade teachers in science and technical colleges in North East, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Dauda Hassan Bello , Deba Ahmad A.
Published: August 2023

The study determined the Skills improvement needs of electronics works trade teachers in science and technical colleges in North East, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Two research questions was raised and answered and two corresponding hypotheses was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study consisted of 220 teachers of electronics works trade from 34 science and technical colleges, and 140 teachers was used as sample for the study. The instrument used for collection data was a 16 items structured questionnaire. The instrument was developed by the researchers after extensive literature review based on the specific objectives of the study. The instrument was validated by three research experts while the reliability index of 0.89 was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha. The findings of the study revealed that radio and electronic system repairs and maintenance, television repairs and maintenance skills improvement needs of electronics works trade teachers. The recommendations include among others that government and other training institution should improve skills of electronics work trade teachers in public science and technical colleges in television repairs and maintenance.
Competencies needs of secondary school teachers for implementation of entrepreneurial business trades curriculum in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Dhalum N. Cigar , Adamu Ibrahim , Muhammad Adam
Published: August 2023

The study investigated “Competencies Needs of Secondary Schools Teachers for Implementation of Entrepreneurial Business Trades Curriculum in Adamawa State, Nigeria”. As a guide, two specific objectives, research questions and null hypotheses were raised. Descriptive survey was used for the study. The population of the study was 220 business trade teachers in Adamawa State secondary schools, and Total Population Sample (TPS) was used for the study. A 4-point scale structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by four experts and pilot study was carried out in Gombe State senior secondary schools to test the validity of the instrument using Cronbach Alpha reliability test which yielded a coefficient of .846. Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS), 25 was used to process the mean scores and standard deviations for answering the research questions, while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance at 0.05 level of significant. The study disclosed that Business Trades teachers need competencies in entrepreneurial skills competencies and basic competencies for effective implementation of Entrepreneurial Trade subjects in secondary schools, without which the objectives of the curriculum would not be achieved. The study concluded that, the introduction of Entrepreneurial Business Trade subjects at the secondary school level will not address the problem of unemployment if the situation of the teachers who are responsible for the implementation of the curriculum remained unchanged. Based on these, it was recommended among others that government should organize training sessions for business trade subject teachers, to enable them to acquire the needed competencies for instructional delivery in the secondary schools. It was suggested that Entrepreneurial Business Trade teachers should acquire the two competencies entrepreneurial skills and basic competencies for implementation of entrepreneurial business trades curriculum in the secondary schools, so as to achieve the desired objectives for which the curriculum was developed, that is self-employment, self-reliance and sustenance in all facets of economic, social, political and technological developments.
Effect of cognitive restructuring counselling techniques in managing chemistry anxiety among senior secondary school students in Tambuwal Local Government, Sokoto State
Authors: Yahaya Ishaka , Tambuwal Nasiru Aliyu
Published: August 2023

This study focused on the effect of Cognitive-Restructuring counselling techniques in managing chemistry anxiety among Senior Secondary School in Tambuwal local government area of Sokoto State. The researcher employed quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test factorial design in which selected students were assigned to experimental groups and control group. The experimental groups were treated with cognitive restructuring counselling technique while the control group didn’t receive any treatment. The population of the study is 160 students with chemistry anxiety. 114 students were selected to participate in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used. The treatments were carried out within eight weeks of counselling sessions. Group counselling method was employed in the study. Each of the subjects was administered with pre-test/post-test research instrument. Validated instruments namely Derived Chemistry Anxiety Rating Scale (DCARS)) was used in generating response from the students. The researcher made use of dependent samples t-test to analysed hypothesis 1 and independent t-test was used to analysed hypothesis 2 tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results of this study shows that there was a significance differences in the effect of cognitive restructuring counselling technique on the pre-test/post-test means score on anxiety level among students with chemistry anxiety in Tambuwal local government. Equally there is no significant difference on the anxiety level between the group exposed to cognitive restructuring counselling technique and those in the control group in Tambuwal local government. Though there is difference but not significant. Based on these findings, it was recommended that counsellors could use Cognitive- Restructuring treatment as a technique to reduce anxiety in Chemistry among Secondary School Students since it has been identified as effective.
Fighting a global pandemic and local stigmatisation: War metaphors in presidential update speeches and their effect on attitudes to COVID -19 (Patients) in Ghana
Authors: Pedavoah Emma Kusuoba , Ansah Gladys Nyarko
Published: August 2023

Ghana’s President has used WAR-framed metaphors in announcing and explaining both the notion of COVID-19 and the measures his government outlined to curb its spread. This paper explores the potential effects the various conceptual mappings in the WAR-framed communication by the President had on the general public in dealing with a global pandemic in a local context. This is achieved by linking the mappings in the WAR-framed communication to the attitudes and practices among the Ghanaian public. Data were drawn from 8 presidential COVID-19 updates between March 15 and May 31, 2020. Findings indicate that the use of WAR-framed communication successfully evoked fear among the general population. However, this transcended the virus to COVID-19 patients (and their families), provoking a cause of action among the general public to fight not only the virus but also COVID-19 patients (and their families). This appears to have caused stigmatisation of COVID-19 patients, and led to a situation where COVID-19 positive patients became unwilling to declare their positive status and thus caused further community spread.
Les défis de l’évaluation du français langue étrangère en ligne : le cas de l’Université du Ghana
Authors: Agbo James Kofi , Kaiza Elias Kossi
Published: August 2023

L’étude s’ambitionne d’analyser les défis des évaluations semestrielles en ligne chez les étudiants en licence au département de français à l’université du Ghana. L’évaluation joue un rôle primordial dans le processus de l’enseignement/apprentissage en éducation. Aujourd’hui, l’évolution des technologies, ainsi que l’arrivée de la pandémie de Covid-19 depuis plus de deux ans, a provoqué un changement du système scolaire où les cours en présentiel sont transformés à une formation à distance (FAD) et où les évaluations numériques sont plus privilégiées. Au moyen d’un questionnaire destiné aux étudiants via Google docs, les données nécessaires ont été collectées pour une analyse des difficultés rencontrés par les étudiants lors des évaluations en ligne. Les résultats soulignent beaucoup de facteurs dont : le type d’outils numériques utilisés à l’usage inapproprié du système LMS de l’université. L’étude propose aux étudiants de suivre une formation adéquate sur l’usage de LMS Sakai et de s’engager dans une autoformation afin de surmonter les défis relevés.

The study aims at analysing the challenges of online semester assessments administered to undergraduate students in the French department at the University of Ghana. Assessment plays a vital role in the teaching/learning process in education. Today, the evolution of technologies as well as the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic for more than two years has caused a change in the school system where face-to-face lessons are transformed remotely and where digital assessments are more preferred. By means of a student questionnaire via Google docs, the necessary data were collected for an analysis of the challenges faced by students during online assessments. The results highlight many factors from the type of digital tools used to the inappropriate use of the university’s LMS system. The study proposes an initial adequate training for students by the authorities on the use of LMS Sakai and student self-study engagement in order to overcome the challenges encountered.
Evaluation of Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Genotypes for their Reaction to Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) Infection in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed I U. , Magaji M.D. , Abdulazeez A. , Yusuf I.J. , Dasa J. , Musa A.
Published: August 2023

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is among the most devastating viral diseases of tomato worldwide and it can cause yield losses of up to 40%.  One of the effective managements of plant viral diseases is the use of resistant genotypes. This research was conducted to determine the  reaction of tomato genotypes to Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) infection. The experiment consists of five tomato genotypes which  were evaluated for resistance to ToMV infection under screen-house conditions using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three  replicates. The treatments were Dantaya, Danwarai, Dan-Niko, Dan-Heka, and Hybrid Platinum, which are the five most preferred farmers  varieties in Kebbi State. Prior to mechanical inoculation, ToMV-infected leaf samples used as source of inoculum were tested ToMV positive using Direct Antibody Coating-Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (DAC-ELISA). Thirty-six (36) seedlings of each genotype were  transplanted into plastic pots containing compost and seedlings recovery were recorded two weeks after transplanting (WAT) before inoculation. Hybrid Platinum has low establishment percentage (72.22%), compared to DanHeka and Dan-Niko with both 100%. All the  genotypes evaluated were infected when inoculated with ToMV but with significant variation (P = 0.05) in their reaction to ToMV infection.  Dantaya recorded the highest percent disease incidence of 50.00% while, Platinum recorded the lowest percent disease  incidence of 31.94%. Three genotypes were susceptible to ToMV while, two were resistant to ToMV. The high incidence of ToMV found on  farmers preferred tomato genotypes in Kebbi State is of great management concern. Also, this has implication for tomato productivity  and yield in the state.
Plasmid-Borne Mobile Colistin Resistant Gene (Mcr-1) Detection and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Some Abattoir Environments in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Omoruyi I.M. , Ovia P.P. , Ahmad-Dirisu Z. , Osemwowa E. , Ibitoye Y.I.
Published: August 2023

Antibiotics resistance is an increasing public health challenge globally, and very recently, global attention has focused on colistin, which is  termed “last resort antibiotics”. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistant and multidrug resistant bacteria from 6 major abattoirs located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and eighty-eight samples from  fresh water, wastewater, utensils, and handlers were obtained over a 6-months period. Mean mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) were determined by pour plate method, while the indoor air of the abattoirs was sampled using  passive sedimentation technique. Bacterial isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA analysis. Phenotypic detection of colistin-resistance as well as multi-drug resistant profile of all isolates was done by the modified Kirky Bauer method. The  presence and/or absence of colistin-resistance gene (mcr-1 to mcr-8) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction. The MAB ranged from 0.3 ± 0.0 cfu/m3 in indoor air from both Holy Ghost B and Bob Izua abattoir to 2.6 ± 0.3 cfu/ml in wash water from Holy Ghost A  abattoir, while the TCB ranged from 0.0 ± 0.0 cfu/ml in wastewater from Lawal and Sons abattoir to 0.6 ± 0.1 cfu/ml in wash water from Osazee abattoir. A total of 149 bacterial isolates, belonging to 6 different species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Enterobacter ludwigii  EN-119, Providencia stuartii PRV00010, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain KqPF26, Enterococcus saccharolyticus ATCC 43076 and Provincia  rettgeri strain AR_0082) were obtained with the majority (>90%) being multidrug resistant. Seven (4.7%) of the isolates were  phenotypically resistant to colistin, while only 3 harbored the mcr-1 gene. This result shows that plasmid-borne colistinresistant and  multidrug resistant bacteria are prevalent in abattoir environment located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This is an indication that  abattoir facilities could be a source of human exposure to colistin resistant bacteria, and efforts must be made at reducing the high  dependence of antibiotics in farm animals.
Positioning Biotechnology for Nigeria's Industrialization
Authors: Tonukari N.J.
Published: August 2023

Most of the activities concerning biotechnology in Nigeria are still in the laboratory research stage. More pragmatic effort is now needed  to translate the results of biotechnological research into commercial products and processes as well as general economic development.  Also, concerted effort to create companies for specific products and services using industrial biotechnology is required in Nigeria.
Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf of Glinus lotoides (Mollugineceae) Using GC-MS
Authors: Odewo S A , Ajani B A , Osiyemi O A , Adeniji K A , Ugbogu O A
Published: August 2023

Glinus lotoides Linn. is a plant used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treating many diseases notably abdominal disorders. Decoction of leaf of the plant is mostly used in this case. This study was carried out in order to determine the bioactive compounds present in the leaf acetone–hexane extract of G. lotoides by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) machine. G. lotoides leaves was extracted in acetone-hexane by cold maceration and concentrated in vacuo. The GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of the following phyto-compounds: 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E) (Z; 242.3975, RT: 16.663; 49.11%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (Z; 256.42, RT: 15.030, 25.58%), Octadecanoic acid (Z; 284.47, RT: 16.785; 6.80%), Stigmasterol  (Z; 412.69, RT: 20.929; 5.25%) and Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta) (Z; 400.68, RT: 19.962; 2.72%) among others. These compounds were identified from leaves of G. lotoides for the first time, and unarguably play very vital roles in the health care system especially in abdominal disorders treatment and other diseases. The study showed that the presence of these compounds in the leaves of G. lotoides might be responsible for its biological activities in traditional medicine. It is therefore a promising important plant of medical and pharmaceutical significance from which drug can be discovered.
Industrial Wastewater Purification Using Cow Bone and Saw Dust Filters
Authors: Ayedun H , Eje R E , Daudu O O
Published: August 2023

Poorly treated wastewater can adversely affect the existence of plants and animals. There is a need to look for low-cost filters to address the scarcity of water in rural areas surrounded by industrial wastewater. The present study investigates the use of low-cost filter for purification of industrial wastewater. Filters made from cow bone (CBF) and saw dust (SDF) were used to remove some impurities in wastewater. Wastewater from Ore Industrial Estate, Ondo State, Nigeria, are collected and ran through the filter, the physicochemical parameters were determined using standard method while metal content were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The filter content before and after use were analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer. CBF reduces Electrical Conductivity (EC), Chloride and chemical oxygen demand COD of the wastewater appreciably. It removed 74 %, 70 %, 65 %, 68 % and 81 % of Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn respectively while SDF removed 8 %, 14 %, 26 %, 17 % and 28 % of the same elements respectively. The C = O stretch was recorded at wavelength of 1646.31cm-1 before filtration and broad at 1640.19 cm-1 after filtration in CBF. Broad OH peak was recorded at 3750.84 cm−1 before filtration and 3674.41 cm−1 after filtration for saw dust filter (SDF). It was concluded that the spectral showed that some materials are removed from the water. The cow bone filter is more efficient than the saw dust filter.
Assessment of The Mineral Contents Phytochemicals and Proximate Analysis of Seeds and Peels Of Citrus limon (Lemon)
Authors: Ijege K O , Umar I , Suleiman R
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to assess the mineral content, phytochemicals and proximate analysis of the peels and seed of citrus limon. Analysis of the mineral was carried using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and flame photometer. Phytochemicals and proximate analysis determination were done using standard methods. The citrus limon peels and seeds contain reasonable amount of important minerals such as Ca, K Mg, Na, Zn. Fe, Mn and Cu. Poisonous elements like Pb and Cd are present in very small quantity and these may be considered as food supplement especially for animals. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phenols and steroids in both the citrus limon peels and seeds while terpenoid is present in only the peels. Substantial amount of nutritional components such as carbohydrate, fibre, lipids and proteins are also present. The peels and seeds of lemon may be used materials for drug production and nutritional supplements.
Evaluation of Co-Processed Excipients for Fast Disintegration of Aspirin Tablets Prepared by Direct Compression
Authors: Babalola O.C. , Okunye O.L. , Okunlola A. , Ayannuga M.O.
Published: August 2023

Background: Co-processed excipients are popular for direct tablet compression and give added economic value to product formulation.  Specific benefits of co-processed excipients include improved flow, compressibility, disintegrating effect, and masking undesirable  properties of individual excipients.

Objective: The aim of this study is to co-process physically modified (pregelatinized) Musa sapientum starch with lactose by fusion and  evaluate the effect of the co-processed excipients on the disintegration properties of Aspirin tablet.

Methods: Co-processed excipients were prepared from pregelatinized Musa sapientium starch and lactose by fusion in ratios of 1:1, 1:2  and 2:1 (BL1, BL2, and BL3 respectively) and evaluated for particle size, pH, moisture content, flow and swelling properties. Aspirin tablets were formulated using the excipients at ratio 5% W/W by direct compression. (FM1, FM2, FM3 respectively). Sodium starch glycolate (FSG)  tablet was also prepared as the standard and the formulations were assessed for hardness, friability and disintegration time. Data  were analyzed using ANOVA.

Results: The co-processed excipients possessed excellent flow having a Carr’s index between 18.39-20.78 and Hausner’s ratio ≤ 1.25.BL1  had the highest swelling profile while BL3 had the lowest. Formulation FM1 and FM2 had the highest tensile strength of (0.16 N/cm2).  Disintegration time of FM3 (4.28 min) was comparable to that of FSG (4.15 min).

Conclusion: Co-processing pregelatinized Musa  sapientium starch and lactose by fusion influenced tablet disintegration and has potential to be used in manufacture of fast dissolving  tablet formulations.
Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide in Dosage Forms Following its Hydrolysis and Diazo Coupling with Chromotropic Acid
Authors: Thomas O.E. , Adegoke O.A. , Taiwo-Ojediran B.
Published: August 2023

Background: Several previously reported visible spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of furosemide in dosage forms are  fraught with poor specificity due to background absorptivities of other chemical species in the sample matrices.

Objective: To develop a simple, sensitive and specific visible spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of  furosemide in bulk and dosage forms.

Method: The new spectrophotometric method was based on acid-hydrolysis of furosemide followed by its diazotization and coupling  with chromotropic acid to generate a red adduct. Reactions variables critical to optimal response were established. Various analytical and  validation parameters including repeatability, reproducibility and selectivity were also determined.

Results: The calibration graph was  linear between 8.09 µg/mL to 161.8 µg/mL at 503 nm with a correlation coefficient of 0.992. The Sandell’s sensitivity of the new method  was 0.14 µg.cm-2 /0.001 A.U. while the limits of detection and quantification were 0.75 and 2.28 μg/mL respectively. The method was  accurate and precise with recovery in the range of 102.24–109.92% and intra- and inter-day precision (%RSD) at three different  concentrations less than 2.0%. When applied to the analysis of dosage form, there was no statistical difference between the newly  developed and official methods. There was no interference from commonly used excipients or background absorptivities in the sample  matrices.

Conclusion: In comparison with some previously reported colorimetric methods, the new method reliably quantified furosemide over a wider range of concentration and with a superior level of sensitivity. The new method can serve as a reliable  alternative to the official method for analysis of furosemide.
Valorization of food waste for biogas production; effect of co-ensiling with maize straw at different C/N ratios
Authors: Undiandeye J. A. , Kiman S. , Abubakar M. A. , Mohammed H. D.
Published: August 2023

Food waste (FW) contribute to emission of greenhouse gases as well as environmental pollution. One way of reducing the impact of FW on the environment is by using it for biofuel production. The yield of biofuel from FW can be improved if the substrate is pretreated. In this study, ensiling was used as a cost effective method of pretreating FW for biomethane production. Co-ensiling of FW and maize straw (MS) was carried out at carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N) of 20, 25, 30 and 35 for 210 days at ambient temperature. Thereafter, the biomethane potential (BMP) of the silages was determined using an automatic biomethane potential test system. Results showed that ensiling reduced both structural and non-structural carbohydrate components of the silages. BMPs of 385.58, 497.39, 520.53, 551.37, 542.16 and 517.29mL/gVS from the unensiled FW, ensiled FW without MS, co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 20, co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 25, co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 30 and co-ensiled FW at C/N ratio of 35 respectively were obtained. A kinetic evaluation showed that the dual pool model gave a better prediction of the experimental BMP of all substrates than the first-order model and the modified Gompertz model.
Mix design optimization of high-performance concrete using local materials
Authors: Ikponmwosa E. E. , Olonade K. A. , Sulaiman A. O. , Akintunde E. O. , Enikanologbon N. O. , Kehinde O. A. , Kehinde O. A.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, twelve different concrete mixes made from local materials were studied with a view to determining which of the mix designs will produce high-performance concrete. Varied water-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 were studied with different combinations of particle sizes of coarse aggregates. Twelve concrete mixes were then produced, cast, and cured for 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, and 90 days. Superplasticizer was used to facilitate the workability of the concrete mixes. A slump test was first conducted on the fresh concrete to determine its workability, while compressive, flexural, and tensile strength were determined at the end of each curing age in accordance with relevant standards. The results shows that slump value increased with an increase in w/c ratio, while the concrete with 100% 10 mm particle size coarse aggregate had a minimum slump of 24, 37, and 50 mm at w/c of 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4 respectively, but higher slump values of 70, 76 and 83 mm were obtained with concrete containing larger particle sizes combination i.e. 25% of each of 10, 12, 15 and 19 mm sizes. But strengths reduced with an increase in w/c and aggregate particle sizes. Concrete produced with w/c of 0.3 and 10 mm coarse aggregates had a strength of 52.22N/mm2 at 28 days, which was about 126% of other strengths obtained from other mixes. Statistical models were then proposed to predict the strength of the best-performed concrete mix. The study concluded that it was possible to produce high-performance concrete using local materials, if the mix is properly optimized.
Filter media enhanced electrokinetic remediated crude oil contaminated soil: investigation of its engineering properties and its suitability for road construction
Authors: Adebayo K. , Moses G. , Engbonye J. Sani , Ibrahim B. Haruna , Balarabe F.
Published: August 2023

Research have shown how electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology attempts to tackle the challenge of soil contamination by crude oil. However, the suitability of the resulting remediated soils for use in road construction have not been well reported. This work investigates the engineering properties of filter media enhanced electrokinetic remediated crude oil contaminated soil (COCS) with a view to ascertain its suitability for use in road construction by comparing the performance of charcoal and active carbon as filter materials. COCS collected at a depth of 1m from the Nigerian Pipeline and Storage Company, Kaduna was remediated by using graphite electrodes to pass 1V DC/cm across EKR setups enhanced by incorporating a 1cm thick charcoal and active carbon separately as filter materials across the setups. Average removal efficiencies of 81.4% and 84.6% were obtained against the 78,600 mg/kg oil content of the COCS from charcoal and active carbon filter media enhancements respectively. This showed that active carbon, with higher removal efficiency, is a better filter medium for COCS than charcoal. The compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) properties of the COCS also improved with the filter media enhanced EKR. However, the CBR values for the filter media enhanced EKR soils only meet the 20% minimum requirements for Type 2 sub-base course materials specified for light trafficked Nigeria roads. As such, charcoal or active carbon filter media enhanced EKR technology can be adopted for remediating COCS for light trafficked Nigeria road construction in areas not subjected to flooding.
Opto-electronic and electrochemical evaluations of particulate wo3 and sno2 in electrocodeposited Zn- tio2 nanocomposites coatings for sensor application
Authors: Daniyan A. A.
Published: August 2023

This study synthesized, characterized and determined the electronic and optical properties of Zn-TiO2, Zn-TiO2-WO3 and Zn-TiO2-SnO2 nano-composite coatings on low carbon steel. It has also determined the effect of these coatings on the corrosion of mild steel in saline environment. This was with a view to produce an active coating to providing alternative to hazardous chromium coating. Active multi functional nano crystalline coatings of the composites were electrolytically fabricated on low carbon steel from Zinc bath, with its Cation and nanoparticulates of TiO2, SnO2 and WO3 were uniformly codeposited in the Zn matrix. The nano-powders were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analyses for confirmation of the chemical compositions and purity. The electrocodeposition bath compositions were developed with 120 gram per litre of ZnCl2, 30 gram per litre of KCl along sides with the nanopowders. Other additives including cetylpridinum chloride, 2- Butyne 1,4diol were added as surfactants and Thiourea was added as stabilizer. The coated specimens were sectioned into parts, some of which were characterized with electrical meters and solar simulator to determine the electrical conductivity and solar response of the coated samples respectively. Samples were also subjected to corrosion experiment in 3.5% NaCl (saline) media to study their corrosion resistance properties in the test media through Potentiodynamic polarization method. The results, the electrical conductivity of the generated nano-composite coatings displayed a better electrical conductivity of 2.45E-01Ω-1m-1 which made it a better sensor material and outstanding corrosion resistance with corrosion rate at 0.10116 mm/year. The study concluded that both matrices with the Nano Particulate WO3 and SnO2 can be use as sensor materials but the WO3 matrix showed a better electrical conductivity both in the presence and absence of uv light and enhanced corrosion protection under light and dark conditions, thus a better sensor’s material.
Spatiotemporal changes in small mammal community of Wenchi highlands, central Ethiopia
Authors: Legese Kabeta , Bekele Afework
Published: August 2023

Small mammals show prominent spatial and temporal fluctuations. A study was conducted to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of small mammals in Wenchi highlands, central Ethiopia. Sherman and snap traps were used to capture small mammals from four forests (Qibate, Lakeshore, Erica and Albesa), Hagenia woodland and Erica scrub in two dry and wet seasons between August 2019 and January 2021. A total of 959 small mammals represented by 12 rodent species (Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Desmomys yaldeni, Mastomys natalensis, M. awashensis, Stenocephaylemys albipes, Lophuromys flavopunctatus, L. brevicaudus, L. chrysopus, Dendromus lovati, Lophiomys imhausi, Graphirius murinus and an unidentified murid rodent), and 3 shrew species (Crocidura bailey, C. fumosa and C. olivieri) were recorded. Small mammals showed spatiotemporal variations. More individuals were trapped during the dry (58.29%) than the wet (41.71%) season. Lakeshore Forest yielded the highest number of small mammals, whereas Erica Forest contributed the least during both seasons. More small mammal individuals were trapped in the second (52.24%) than the first (47.75%) trapping year. Small mammals also showed significant variations between the trapping periods (P<0.05). High number of small mammals was trapped during the morning (84.98%) than evening traps. Seasonal differences in sexes and age groups were non-significant (P>0.05). The density of small mammals varied between seasons and habitats. Small mammals had higher density during the dry (83.33 ha-1) than the wet (59.35 ha-1) season. In conclusion, Wenchi highlands supported a diverse small mammal community that displayed spatiotemporal changes. As a result, priority should be given to conserve the area.
Critical Reflections On Wiredu’s Consensual Democracy
Authors: Eegunlusi Tayo Raymond Ezekiel
Published: August 2023

This paper argues that Kwasi Wiredu’s consensual democracy is an inadequate alternative to liberal democracy in contemporary Africa because it neglects the beliefs in supernatural realities underpinning governance and political decisions in traditional societies on the continent. The paper holds that as evident in their worldviews and activities, traditional Africans do not depersonalise entities or segregate physical realities from spiritual ones. Deploying historical and conceptual analyses, the paper contends that, essentially, the deficiency of Wiredu’s argument lies in his declining to acknowledge the roles oaths and covenants play in the sustenance of Africa’s traditional governance systems. The paper thus holds that Wiredu’s discountenancing of the role of beliefs in supernatural realities in African societies generally may have resulted in this gap in his understanding of indigenous African political thought and practice.
New record of the Bluntnose scorpionfish, Neomerinthe erostris (Alcock 1896) (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Mayotte, southwestern Indian Ocean
Authors: Fricke Ronald , Mulochau Thierry , Barathieu Gabriel
Published: August 2023

The Bluntnose scorpionfish Neomerinthe erostris is recorded for the first time from Mayotte, southwestern Indian Ocean, based on a specimen photographed in November 2022, at a depth of 115 m. The live colour pattern of this species is described for the first time.
Using Cohorts and Podcasts for Learning Global Music
Authors: Pergram Aaron
Published: August 2023

The aim of this autoethnographic account follows the journey of an instructor’s pedagogical shifts to illustrate the importance of engaged learning. Even for music majors, examining and understanding cultural concepts outside of Western traditions is challenging. Studying global music-cultures requires, at minimum, a patchwork of basic knowledge of a culture’s musical practice, geography, political structure, history, and religion or belief systems. These challenges can stalemate learning resulting in either a teacher who teaches with an ethnomusicological approach beyond students’ abilities or a broad survey course void of academic rigor that leaves students occupied with dreaded busy work. To sidestep these seemingly unavoidable pathways, the author developed a student-focused learning approach to exploring world music through engaging and creative projects for a better learning experience. Questions raised include the validity of traditional training in music school, challenging the notion of lecturing from a textbook, and seeking to collect data to better understand how deeply students are engaged in cooperative learning.