bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2584 – Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence Among Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Asenapine Versus Olanzapine
Authors: De Hert M. , Guiraud-Diawara A. , Marre C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are known to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a predictor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This risk differs according to the AAPs.

Objective:

The objective of this analysis was to examine the incidence of MetS in schizophrenia patients treated with asenapine or olanzapine.

Aim:

The aim was to estimate the incidence of MetS among schizophrenia patients (DSM-IV criteria) after 52 weeks of exposure to asenapine or olanzapine.

Methods:

Pooled data from patients completing 52-week extension of randomized trials (041512, 041513, 25544 and A7501014) were included. Patients were treated with asenapine or olanzapine.

The National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definition of MetS was used, defined as 3 or more of the 5 following risk determinants: waist circumference > 102 cm for male and > 88 cm for female, triglycerides = 150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL for male and < 50 mg/dL for female, sitting blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg, or fasting glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL.

Incidence (i.e. new metabolic cases in patients without MetS at baseline) was calculated at week 52.

Results:

741 patients were included in this analysis of 52-week studies (asenapine 397, olanzapine 344). After 52 weeks of treatment exposure, the incidence of MetS was significantly higher in olanzapine-treated patients than in asenapine-treated patients (19.44% versus 11.46%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

These post-hoc analyses confirmed a higher risk of developing a MetS with olanzapine. The incidence of MetS after 52 weeks of treatment with asenapine was found to be significantly lower.
2592 – Modality Shift Effect in Schizophrenia, Mania and Depression
Authors: Krag P.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The effect of a shift of sensory modality on the serial reaction times of patients with schizophrenia was first reported in 1961. Zubin & Spring (1977) argued that the modality shift effect (MSE) might be a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia. A MSE has, however, also been observed in patients with depression, brain damage, alcoholism etc.

Objectives:

To examine if patients with schizophrenia can be differentated from patients with mood disorder on the basis of the MSE to light and tone stimuli.

Aims:

To evaluate if MSE measures could be useful in the diagnostic process.

Methods:

58 patients with schizophrenia, 55 patients with mood disorder, and 30 healthy controls participated in a computerbased reaction time experiment. The stimuli were short visual and auditory signals presented in a randomized sequence. Participants were instructed to press a button each time they saw or heard a signal.

Results:

The MSE to both light and sound stimuli of the patients with schizophrenia and mood disorder was significantly longer than the control group’s. There was no significant difference in the patient groups’ MSE to light stimuli; but patients with schizophrenia had a significantly longer MSE to tone stimuli than patients with mood disorder. No clear or consistent differences were observed when comparing subgroups of schizophrenia patients with positive, mixed, and negative symptoms, and mood disorder patients in manic, neutral, and depressive phases.

Conclusion:

The MSE to visual and auditory stimuli is not specific for schizophrenia as it can also be observed in mood disorder.
2600 – Getting to the ‘heart’ of the Matter: Gender Specificities in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Prata J. , Ramos S. , Martins A.Q. , Rocha-Gonçlves F. , Coelho R.
Published: July 2013

More than one in five women die from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and given their longer life expectancy, these numbers are expected to rise and so is the concomitant disability burden. Women are still under-represented in cardiovascular research with much of the knowledge from clinical trials conducted largely with men being applied to women, disregarding potential gender differences in both biomedical and psychosocial domains. Gender differences in both pathophysiology and biological risk factors may underlie distinct prevalence rates, symptom profiles and even medical outcomes. Not only do women have more persistent and atypical symptoms, but have more frequent hospitalizations, lower rates of general well-being and increased functional limitations in daily life activities. Gender related specificities regarding psychosocial risk factors might further explain this. The authors review the key issues on this topic and outline suggestions for future research. Ultimately, a better understanding of this matter will translate not only into improved clinical management of female patients but also genderspecific strategies in the prevention of CVD.
2604 – The Ethnocultural Peculiarities of Suicides in Russia
Authors: Polozhy B.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

According to the data of 2011, Russia is among the ten countries in the world with the highest suicide rate - 21.4 cases per 100 000 population. However, many aspects of the problem of suicide are not studied. This prevents the organization of the system of effective suicide prevention. in this regard special attention deserve ethnocultural factors, since they are essential to the moral and ethical attitude to the possibility of suicide and to potential willingness to formation of suicidal behavior.

Objective:

Study of the rate of suicide among different nations of Russia.

Methods:

Statistical analysis of suicide rate in the Russian Federation from 2005 to 2011.

Results:

The specificity of suicide situation in Russia is that suicide rates in different ethnic groups of the population has the distinction of reaching 30: from 3 per 100,000 in the Republic of Dagestan to 89.8 per 100,000 in the Nenets Autonomous District. This is due to cultural peculiarities of different ethnic groups, including the historically established their relationship to suicide.Taking in consideration this factors were elaborated the differential programs for suicide prevention. That has allowed to lower suicidal rate in average in 1.5 times for the last 7 years. That indicates the possible beneficial effects of the ethnocultural approach in suicide prevention strategies.

Conclusion:

In planning programs suicide prevention in multinational countries should take into account the ethnocultural characteristics of the residing peoples.
2612 – Inter-Relationship of the Functional Status Question of the PHQ-9 and Depression Remission After Six Months of Collaborative Care Management
Authors: Angstman K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In collaborative care management (CCM) for depression, a restoration of premorbid functional status is as important as symptom reduction.

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to investigate if the baseline functional status of the patient (as determined by the tenth question of the PHQ-9) was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes six months after enrollment into CCM and the interdependence of clinical outcomes on functional improvement at six months.

Methods:

One thousand eighty three adult patients who were enrolled in CCM for the diagnosis of major depression or dysthymia and had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

Using a multiple regression model for clinical remission six months after enrollment into CCM; age, race and gender were not significant predictors of remission, however, being married was (OR 1.323 CI 1.013-1.727, P= 0.040). Patients in the Extremely Difficult category had an odds ratio of remission of 0.610 (CI 0.392-0.945, P=0.028) at six months compared to the Somewhat Difficult group. Also, the odds of a patient achieving normal functional status at six months was highly correlated to clinical remission (PHQ-9 < 5) with an odds ratio of 218.530 (p< 0.001).

Conclusions:

Depressed patients with worsening functional status at enrollment into CCM are less likely to achieve remission after six months, independent of all other variables studied. Also, improvement of a patient’s functional status at six months was highly correlated with clinical remission.
2639 – The Effectiveness of Agomelatine (Valdoxan) in the Treatment of Atypical Depression
Authors: Avedisova A. , Marachev M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Treatment of atypical depression (AD) modern antidepressants poorly understood, whereas the study of AD in the context of chronobiological disorders necessitates selection pathogenetically substantiated therapy.

Objectives:

To determine the effectiveness of agomelatine in the treatment of AD.

Aims:

To compare the efficacy of agomelatine in patients with AD and melancholic depression (MD), the impact of the drug on the separate atypical symptoms, and the effect on AD in the first depressive episode (FDE), bipolar disorder (BD) and recurrent depressive disorder (RDD).

Methods:

6 week monotherapy agomelatine patients with AD (n=60, main group) and MD (n=30, control group) at a dose of 25 mg/day with the possibility of increasing to 50 mg/day. Used rating scales ADDS, BDI, HDRS-17, LSEQ, GAF.

Results:

Response rate of onset in the treatment of AD was higher (third week) than in the MD (fifth week). Reduction on a scale HDRS-17 was significant at the first week of treatment in both groups (p< 0,001). of atypical symptoms better than others were reduced hypersomnia and hyperphagia. Treatment of patients with AD at FDE, BD and RDD showed a higher percentage of responders at BD (82%) than in the RDD (64.2%) and especially (p < 0,01) for FDE (40%).

Conclusions:

Agomelatine has shown high efficacy in the treatment of AD (88.3%) and MD (83.3%), despite the opposite nature of the symptoms (insomnia and hypersomnia, decreased and increased appetite), as well as comparable efficacy in the treatment of AD in the structure as RDD and BD.
2648 – Having a Child With Autism: What Kind of Needs and Support Expectations for Parents?
Authors: Derguy C. , Bouvard M. , M’bailara K. , Denis Ferreira A. , Croisé A. , Michel G.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Raising a child with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a daily stressful experience implying changes in family functioning [1]. Parents are more likely to experience psychological and educational difficulties and their vulnerability is clearly described [2, 3]. Most studies deal with parental difficulties (medical, psychological…) whereas those focusing on parental self-reported support needs, related to ASD are lacking.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate parents’ needs and their support expectations in order to investigate needs priority.

Methods:

Two parents groups of children aged between 3 and 10 years are compared (ASD or control group). Mothers and fathers were interviewed about unmet needs using The Parental Needs Questionnaire, developed for this study and semistructured interview used to evaluate parents’ needs in terms of quality.

Results:

141 parents were included, 57 with an ASD child and 84 with TD children. There are 6 need areas for ASD child parents as well as controls: materials, time management, information, education, psychological support and relational difficulties. Parents of ASD child describe priority information needs (89.5%), psychological (73.5%), material needs (71%) and education (58.5%). These needs are listed last in the control group (respectively 10.5%, 26.5%, 29%, and 41.5%).

Conclusions:

Providing parental assistance should be based on three key dimensions to receive specific information, to have psychological and social support and to manage child disorder. in practice today only the third axis is often considered in programs [4]. So, we make relevant recommendations about support for parents of ASD child.
2653 – Influence of Polymorphisms in Genes SLC1A1, GRIN2B and GRIK2 On Clozapine-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Authors: Zhang C.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

Clinical observations indicate that atypical antipsychotics, especially clozapine, induce obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Recent data from neuroimaging and clinical trials suggest a role for altered glutamate neurotransmission in the etiology of OCD. It has been reported that SLC1A1, GRIN2B and GRIK2 regulate glutamate transmission and affect OCD pathophysiology. This study aimed to determine whether SLC1A1, GRIN2B and GRIK2 are associated with clozapine-induced OC symptoms.

Methods:

A total of 250 clinically stable schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine treatment and 261 sex- and age-matched controls were recruited. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to evaluate the severity of OC symptoms. Based on the Y-BOCS score, 250 patients were divided into OC group and non-OC group (patients with and without OC symptoms, respectively). Three reported OCD susceptibility polymorphisms SLC1A1 (rs2228622), GRIN2B (rs890) and GRIK2 (rs1556995) were genotyped.

Results:

Trends of association with OC symptoms were observed in rs2228622A and rs890T alleles. SLC1A1 and GRIN2B interaction was found in the significant 2-locus, gene-gene interaction model (P=0.0021), using a MDR method. Further analysis showed a significant interaction between SLC1A1 and GRIN2B on the Y-BOCS score (F6, 137=7.650, P 0.001), and individuals with AA/TT genotypes had a significantly higher mean Y-BOCS score than those with other genotypes, except AG/TT.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that SLC1A1, GRIN2B and interactions between the two might confer a susceptibility to OC symptoms in schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine.
2659 – The Alternating Only-Tact Training and Mand-Tact Training in the Acquisition of Tacts in a Child with Mental Retardation
Authors: Luccherino L. , Scali V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The studies of Carroll e Hesse (1987) and the studies of Arntzen e Almas (2002) demonstrate the effectiveness of mand-tact training rather than only tact training on the expansion of the tact repertoire in groups of children with developmental disabilities.

Objectives:

The authors want to show the effectiveness of mand-tact training rather than only tact training on the expansion of the tact repertoire in a child with moderate mental retardation.

Method:

In the present work, we conducted an assessment pre-training in which the baseline data of the tact in the child's repertorie was collected, with an assessment choice preference to identify the reinforcers to use in the training. in the training, sessions only-tact training and sessions mand-tact training are alternated, according to the principles and procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).

Results:

The results obtained show that the mand-tact training is more effective than the only-tact training in the rapid acquisition of tacts.

Conclusions:

The mand contingiences represent a facilitation in the acquisition of the tact repertoire.
2667 – Variables Associated to Memory and Learning Outcomes in Psychosis
Authors: Muñoz Negro J.E. , Ibáñez Casas I. , Perán Urquízar C. , Soler Iborte A. , Álvarez Camarero P. , Cervilla Ballesteros J.A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The cognitive processes are rather relevant in order to achieve a comprehensive and integrative recovery in schizophrenia and other psychosis.

Aim:

To research the different variables implied in cognitive outcomes in psychosis in order to increase our knowledge to establish therapeutic interventions in this field.

Methods:

An overall of 73 patients were included in the study. We used the SCIP and STROOP tests to measure the cognitive processes. We applied a comprehensive questionnaire for clinical and epidemiological variables including PANSS, SGPTS, GAF and SIX. After that, we constructed a binary logistic regression model with the following variables: positive, negative and general psychopathology PANSS subscales, PANSS subtype, first or second generation antipsychotic, stimulant drugs use, tobacco use, sex, age, onset age, number of psychotic episodes, global functioning and family history.

Results:

Having more than two family members affected by any psychiatric disease was associated to a lesser outcomes in short-term and immediate memory. Likewise higher scoring in positive subscale PANSS was also associated to a worse performance in short-term and long-term memory, so stimulant drugs use was also related to a lesser immediate memory and working memory. Finally, a better global functioning appeared as a factor related to a better overall learning.

Conclusions:

Our data show that a heavy genetic factor exists as a variable influencing cognitive performance. Moreover, stimulant drugs use and positive symptoms are another variables which can be controlled in order to improve cognitive performance.
2670 – Comorbid Bipolar Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder and History of Suicide Attempts
Authors: Zimmerman M.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder are associated with elevated rates of completed and attempted suicide. No studies have examined whether there is an additive risk for suicidal behavior in patients diagnosed with both disorders. in the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project we tested the hypothesis that patients diagnosed with both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder would have a higher rate of suicide attempts than patients with either diagnosis alone.

Methods:

Three thousand four hundred and sixty-five psychiatric outpatients were interviewed with semi-structured interviews.

Results:

The suicide attempt rate in both the bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder groups was significantly higher than the rate in patients without either of these disorders. Compared to the bipolar patients without borderline personality disorder, the patients diagnosed with both bipolar and borderline personality disorder were significantly more likely to have made a prior suicide attempt (58.0% vs. 28.9%, p< .001) and to have made multiple suicide attempts (33.3% vs. 16.5%, p< .01). The patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder were nonsignificantly more likely than the borderline patients without bipolar disorder to have made a prior suicide attempt (58.0% vs. 46.7%, p=n.s.) and to have made multiple suicide attempts (33.3% vs. 24.2%, p=n.s.)

Conclusions:

While bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder are each risk factors for suicidal behavior, the cooccurrence of these disorders confers an additive risk.
2675 – Pattern Recognition Memory in First-Episode Treat-Naive Deficit and Nondeficit Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Ding L. , Deng W. , Wang Q. , Ma X. , Li M. , Han Y. , Li T.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To investigate the difference of visual pattern memory among first-episode treatment-naive patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

Methods:

199 first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia, and 148 controls were recruited. Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) was used to categorize the patients into deficit or nondeficit subtype. Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) was used to test the immediate and delayed mode of visual pattern memory. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale PANSS was used to assess the degree of patients symptoms.

Results:

The PRM immediate mode and delayed mode percent correct was significant lower and time latency was significant longer in two subtypes of patients. There were no significant difference in the performance of immediate mode of PRM between deficit and nondeficit patients[(86.49 ± 15.34) vs. (87.28 ± 16.00), P=0.960]. But the impairment was more severe in patients with deficit schizophrenia [percent correct (63.10 ± 19.17) vs. (70.69 ± 15.34), P< 0.001 time latency 5086.80 ± 7528.54 vs. 3527.40 ± 3649.08 P=0.024] in the delayed mode. and PRM has no significant correlation with the negative symptoms of deficit schizophrenia.

Conclusion:

There were significant difference in the performance of immediate and delayed mode of PRM between patients and controls. The difference between first-episode treatment-naïve deficit schizophrenia and nondeficit schizophrenia was only in delayed mode of PRM, and has no correlation with the primary negative symptoms. The deficit schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia with unique impairment of cognitive functions.
2681 – Cognitive Deficits in Unipolar Old-Age Depression: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Pantzar A. , Laukka E. , Atti A.R. , Fratiglioni L. , Bäckman L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Recognition of cognitive deficits in old-age depression is especially important since they contribute to poor function outcome, have strong implications for coping abilities and treatment compliance. However, substantial variability in cognitive deficits among older depressed persons has been reported. Clinical and demographic characteristics are likely to have contributed to inconsistencies in previous findings.

Objective:

To assess effects of unipolar depression on cognitive performance in a population-based sample of elderly persons (60+ years).

Methods:

An extensive cognitive test battery was administered. Eighty-nine persons fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression (mild, n=48; moderate; n=38, severe; n=3) after thorough screening for dementia (DSM-IV criteria), psychiatric comorbidities, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and lastly preclinical dementia.

Results:

Unipolar old-age depression was associated with deficits in processing speed, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, and episodic free recall. No depression-related deficits were observed in short-term memory, semantic memory, or spatial ability. Increasing age did not exacerbate the cognitive deficits in old-age depression. The cognitive deficits remained significant after exclusion of persons with preclinical dementia, except free recall, where performance differences were at trend level.

Conclusions:

Cognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression involve a number of cognitive domains, and are also present among persons with mild depression. Importantly, no statistically significant performance differences between mild and moderate/severe depression were observed. Given the prevalence of depression in older populations, the impact of this disorder on cognitive functioning may be relatively large at the population level.
2685 – Effectiveness of Life Styles Training on the Reduction of Test Anxiety
Authors: Babazadeh Bora O. , Ahmadi Gatab T. , Mortezazadeh Tori Z. , Vahedi Ghajari A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and aim:

To improve health entails training how to achieve a normal life and to help individuals at risk avoid high risk behaviors.

Instrumentation:

The research had an experimental method with pre- and post- test design. Statistical population of the research comprised all Payam-e-noor university students enrolling at academic year 2012-213 in Bobol branch. The studied sample of the research included 40 students dividing into two control and experimental groups, each with 20 students. Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was used to collect data. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used as criteria for analyzing data, and finally data were transferred to SPSS spreadsheet.

Findings:

Results from research indicated that a significant difference amongst mean, test anxiety variables, experimental groups before and after implementing lifestyle training program was found. As a result, it could be stated that life style training would result in decreasing test anxiety in university students.

Conclusion:

All individuals demonstrate some regular patterns of behaviors and habits when they are facing tasks and events in their own life. That pattern represents their life style. There are ample evidence that support the belief that students are affecting by many stressful factors such as worrying, depression, loneliness, failure, anxiety and conflict. Consequently, they should be provided with mental health. Similarly, they should have an opportunity to live a condition where they can be brave enough to encounter the reality of their life in order to adapt themselves to the changes and develop their maximum capacities.
2690 – Promotion of Mental Health in Roma People - Social Representations of Mental Health and Well Being in a Roma Community
Authors: Monteiro A.P. , Francisco I. , Antunes C. , Pereira R.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Gypsies and Travellers have been described as one of the most marginalized minorities in society with poor living conditions which are known to have a negative effect on health. Published research on the mental health needs of the Roma population is sparse. Knowledge of Social representations of mental health is fundamental for improving mental illness prevention strategies and mental health education programmes targeted to Roma people.

Aim:

The aim of this research was to understand the Social representations of mental health among a group of Roma people in the center of Portugal (city of Coimbra).

Methods:

This study covered twenty Roma children aged 6 to 11, in a Basic school located in a Roma neighborhood, as well as a group of adults and Roma families. Qualitative methodologies were used in data collection: semi-structured interviews, analysis of documents and Focus Group techniques.

Results:

Findings suggest that social representations of mental health and emotional well-being in Roma participants have a strong holistic and integrative component. There is no marked cleavage between the concept of “physical health” and “mental health.” in this group, the notions of mental health and emotional well-being appear to be strongly associated with the welfare of the family - including extended family -, in addition to the individual's own emotional well-being.

Conclusions:

Mental health interventions with Roma community members must meet their social representations relating to mental health, access to mental health provision and contacts with mental health professionals,
2698 – Interhemispheric Asymmetry in OCD Patients an Study Using Non Linear Analysis of Meg Recordings
Authors: de la Vega D.C. , Ibaez Cuadrado A. , Saiz Ruiz J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions that cause emotional distress and affect different aspects of a patient's life which are clinically significant. Experts have developed an OCD model which involves hyperactivity in certain subcortical and cortical regions.

Objectives:

To study the differences in the cerebral activity between control and OCD group using Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) algorithm, specially focused in the presence of an interhemispheric asymmetry.

Methods:

We analyzed the magnetoencephalographic recordings of 13 patients diagnosed of OCD (DSM and ICD) and 60 healthy controls, using the LZC algorithm. Statistical analysis, using SSPS 19.0, included Wilcoxon signed rank and correlation Tests.

Results:

LZC values were smaller in the OCD than in the control group. An asymmetry between both lateral regions was found in the OCD sample but not in the controls.

We studied the difference between the Pearson correlation coefficients (left and right values) between OCD and controls, which was statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Although we know that in humans normal variation and specialization produce asymmetries of function and structure leading to an asymmetry between brain hemispheres, it seems to be more important in some mental disorders. The presence of an asymmetry between both lateral regions is a conclusion found in previous neurophysiological works and that must be integrated in the neuroanatomical model of the disorder.
2723 – Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidality Among Croatian War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Grkovic J. , Franciskovic T. , Sukovic Z.
Published: July 2013

There are limited data about suicidality among Croatian war veterans. The present study is aimed to assess correlation between suicidality and possible risk and protective factors in PTSD patients.

Method:

The sample consisted of 123 war veterans who completed Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL-48), General Health Questionnaire - subscale for suicidal behavior (GHQ), Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression Scale (HSCL-25) and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ).

Results indicated that suicidality is correlated with higher PTSD and depression scores, and negatively correlated with reported reasons for living. We discuss our results in terms of their use and applicability in everyday work with patients who are in suicidal risk.
2739 – Drug Interactions in a Regional Secure Unit
Authors: Rasquinha N. , Patil P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Polypharmacy continues to be a major concern in psychiatry. Besides the risk of unintended and untoward pharmacological interactions, it carries the potential to cause prescriber liability and increased healthcare costs. Although polypharmacy has been commonly reported in forensic units, there have been no studies examining potentially serious pharmacological interactions in secure settings.

Aims and objectives:

To identify the prevalence of potential pharmacological interactions through a cross-sectional study of prescribing patterns in a medium secure unit in the UK.

Methods:

Medications prescribed for all 43 patients on 3 male medium secure wards in London in September 2012 were analyzed for potential pharmacological interactions using the Medscape Drug Database/Interaction checker.

Results:

A total of 233 regular and 113 ‘as required (p.r.n)’ medications were prescribed. 98 medications were psychotropic and 248 were physical health related. 284 potential pharmacological interactions were present with an average of 6.6 interactions per patient (1-28), involving 31 of the 43 patients(72.09%). These interactions were categorized into four groups: 1.Contraindicated (4.65% of patients;2 interactions) 2.Serious-Use Alternative(30.23% patients;20 interactions) 3.Significant- Monitor Closely(69.6% patients; 232 interactions) and 4.Minor(39.53% patients;30 interactions). Interestingly, 65% of contraindicated/serious interactions involved non-psychotropic medication.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the high prevalence of potential pharmacological interactions in the forensic population. The challenging presentations in forensic psychiatry often necessitate ‘p.r.n. prescribing’ and medication augmentation to treat partial response. However, this can lead to unpredictable and dangerous interactions. Clinicians should be mindful of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic implications prior to prescribing psychotropic and non-psychotropic drugs.
2767 – Creating An Educational Intervention to Raise Mental Health Awareness and Tackle Stigma in Adolescents in the Uk: ‘headucate’
Authors: Parker S. , Robertson C. , Allen N. , Beezhold J. , Bhutto A. , Laverack R. , Parry L. , Piper L. , Smith R. , Wade T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Against a backdrop of poor mental health education in UK schools a group of students from Norwich Medical School have formed a student society called ‘Headucate’ in order to create, deliver and evaluate an educational intervention for adolescents, initially to be delivered in Norfolk schools.

Objectives:

To create an educational intervention that:

Is the length of a standard lesson

Is age appropriate and acceptable

Contains appropriate signposting

Contains content that challenges common myths and replaces them with knowledge

Contains content that encourages empathy and understanding towards those with mental illnesses

Is easily delivered in the same way each time so that its effectiveness can be evaluated

Aim:

To create an intervention effective at tackling stigma and empowering adolescents to recognise signs of poor mental health and access services appropriately.

Methods:

Lesson plan created after consultation with psychiatrists, a psychologist, a GP, a university outreach professional, a teacher and secondary school age children, then trialled and revised.

Results:

Interactive workshop produced with 5 sections.

1)

Myth vs Fact activity that dispels prevalent myths

2)

Scenario based activity to demonstrate that mental health is a spectrum

3)

An interactive presentation covering the most common mental illnesses and their symptoms

4)

An activity focusing on talking to those with mental illnesses, furthering the scenario from the previous activity

5)

A question and answer session. Every student leaves with a leaflet containing appropriate signposting.

Conclusion:

We have created an educational intervention ready to be delivered and evaluated.
2768 – Preliminary Investigation of Separation Anxiety and Gambling Behaviour: Age of Onset and Correlations of Severity
Authors: Pascucci M. , De Angelis A. , Bruschi A. , Grandinetti P. , Salvador E. , Solaroli S. , Janiri L. , Pozzi G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Pathological Gambling (PG) includes extremely different types of game and many gamblers suffer from anxiety disorders. According to the self-medication hypothesis, Gambling Behaviour may be a strategy to tolerate suffering and compensate uneasiness; otherwise social problems related to gambling may lead to anxiety disorders, possibly unmasking an adult form of Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD).

Aims:

To investigate possible relationships between PG and SAD, considering the different games, the age of onset, the symptom severity, and the distinction between Adult and Child SAD.

Methods:

32 gamblers attending an outpatient psychiatric clinic completed the following tests: SOGS and ASI to investigate the kind of gambling, the age of onset and the social conditions of gamblers; SCI-SAS, SASI, ASA-27 to evaluate the Separation Anxiety in childhood and adulthood; HAM-A; GAF.

Results:

There are statistically significant correlations between later age of onset of PG and development of SAD in adults. Higher scores in GAF are related to lower scores in Separation Anxiety scales and HAM-A. There is a strong inter-correlation among the Separation Anxiety scales. Higher scores in HAM-A correlate with higher scores in SASI and ASA-27. Male gamblers have an earlier onset and increasing with the age of onset increases the addiction to “dissociative” games instead of “active” ones.

Conclusions:

Our preliminary data do not support self-medication hypothesis; possibly, a later-onset gambling is related to a more neurotic and less impulsive psychopathological pattern.
2777 – Mechanisms of Suicidogenesis in Different Variants of Depressive Disorders
Authors: Maruta N.O. , Kutikov O.Y. , Denysenko M.M. , Kharchenko A.V.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the study was to investigate clinical-psychopathological and pathopsychological peculiarities of suicidal behavior in patients with endogenous and exogenous depressions in order to develop principles of differential therapy and prevention for these patients.

Depressed patients with suicidal behavior (120 persons; main group) and without one (30 persons; control group) were examined with clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and psychometric methods.

Combined psychogenias prevailed among factors of psychic traumatization (loneliness - 44.2%, job dissatisfaction - 28.3%, worsening of well-being - 24.2%, and loss of job - 23.3%).

In a clinical picture there was predominance of anxious (50.8%) and somatic-autonomous (46.6%) variants of the syndrome, less often asthenic (24.2%) and melancholic (22.5%), and rarely obsessive (5.8%) and tearful (5.0%) variants were pointed out. in the patient of the control group asthenic (76.6%) and adynamic (56.6%) variants of depressive syndrome were prevailed. Patients of the main group with endogenous depressions more often had anxious (70.0%), melancholic (45.0%), and senesthopathic (31.6%) variants; patients with exogenous depressions had somatic-autonomous (65.0%) and asthenic (43.3%) variants.

A differential system for crisis therapy and prevention of suicidal behavior in depressions was developed. It included pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (in three stages: rational psychotherapy for a crisis support, group psychotherapy for a crisis intervention, cognitive-behavioral therapy for prevention). This system had a higher therapeutic efficacy as compared with methods used traditionally (recovery - 59.5% vs. 35.1% (p< 0.05); a significant amelioration - 23.8% vs. 21.6%; amelioration - 7.1% vs. 16.2%; without dynamics - 9.5% vs. 18.9%; aggravation - 0% vs. 8.1%).
2780 – The Influence of Shift Work on Cognitive Functions and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ozdemir P.G. , Selvi Y. , Ozkol H. , Aydin A. , Tuluce Y. , Boysan M. , Besiroglu L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The shift work has various negative influences on health, performance, activity, and social relationships as well as causing impairment in cognitive functions.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the effects of shift work on participants’ cognitive functions in terms of memory, attention and learning, and on oxidative stress indicated by total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress index.

Methods:

90 health workers participated in the study (45 subjects were night shift workers). The neuropsychological tests were applied to the participants for assessing the cognitive functions and blood samples were taken to detect their total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant at 8.00 in the morning. Depression, anxiety, chronobiological characteristics, cognitive functions were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Morningness- Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Wechsler Memory Scale- Revised (WMS-R), Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Stroop Test.

Results:

Night shift workers reported significantly lower scores on the verbal memory, the attention-concentration, and the digit span forward sub-scales of the WMS-R as well as the immediate memory and the total learning sub-scales of the AVLT. Oxidative stress parameters were significantly associated with some types of the cognitive functions in both groups.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that health workers in night shift generally revealed significantly poorer performance in cognitive assessment as compared to day shift workers. The oxidative stress indicators associated with the cognitive functioning.
2788 – Large-Scale Mutation Screening of the Putative Autism Susceptibility Gene SCN2A in Schizophrenia
Authors: Woolf R. , Carroll L. , Ibrahim Y. , Owen M. , O’ Donovan M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Recent genetic findings suggest shared genetic risk between autism, epilepsy and schizophrenia. A sodium channel subunit gene, SCN2A, exhibits de novo stop-codon mutations in individuals with autism and a stop-codon mutation in an individual with a seizure disorder. Our recent exome-sequencing study of schizophrenia cases identified a de novo splicesite mutation at SCN2A and further mutations may exist.

Objectives:

To examine a role for rare, protein damaging mutations at SCN2A in the aetiology of schizophrenia.

Aims:

We aim to show an excess of coding sequence mutations in schizophrenia cases when compared to controls.

Methods:

Mutation screening of the coding sequence of SCN2A in 993 Caucasian individuals with DSM-IV schizophrenia. We employed High-Resolution Melt Analysis(LightScanner™), followed by dye- terminator sequencing to confirm allele carriers. We compared our results to an exome-sequencing dataset of 4300 Caucasian individuals (NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project).

Results:

34 variants were identified; 15 intronic, 13 synonymous and 7 non-synonymous. One of the non-synonymous variants introduces a stop codon at amino acid 169 (169 E>X). No stop-codon variants were identified in the control dataset. Burden analysis did not show an excess of protein damaging changes in the UK dataset when compared to controls.

Conclusions:

A total of 4 stop-codon mutations have been identified at SCN2A; all in individuals with a neuropsychiatric disorder. Our data do not suggest a general role for protein coding mutations at SCN2A in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia; however there may be a role for very damaging alleles at SCN2A in several neuropsychiatric disorders.
2802 – Deceit and Lie Detection Using Automated Microemotion Analysis
Authors: Ptacek R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Deceit and lie detection has been attracting attention of forensic psychologists and psychiatrists for several decades. Different polygraph and imaging methods are being thoroughly examined, usually without really doubtless results. Paul Ekman proposed an interesting theory on micro emotions that may be a demonstration of uncontrolled part of human behaviour and thus may represent an interesting way to detect lie or deceit. Currently there are available on the market several systems for automatic micro emotions detection. These systems show acceptable level of reliability and thus may be used for research purposes.

Objectives and aims:

The aim of the study was to analyse if computerized system for micro emotion analysis (Face Reader) can be used for distinguishing liars from non-liars. For that purposes classical experimental double blind setting was established. The group of university students (n = 40) was divided into a subgroup exposed to a video scene and a subgroup not exposed (n = 20). The goal of further analysis was to distinguish there two groups using Face Reader.

Results:

In our pilot study, we identified 100% truth tellers and 90% of lie tellers.

Conclusions:

Upon the presented study we may suggest that software analysis of micro emotion represents an interesting way for detecting lie and deceit. Although the current state of knowledge does not allow using this method in forensic setting, the possibilities and limits of the method should be properly examined.
2809 – Clinical Factors Associated with High Dosage of Methadone Among Clients Attending the Methadone Clinic in Hospital Permai, Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria H. , Mohd Yusof S.A. , Midin M. , Abu Bakar A.K. , Md Yusof H. , Abdullah M.N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

One of the most researched factors which contribute to the good outcome of methadone therapy is the dosage, but local studies which look into the factors associated with the dosage of methadone itself is lacking.

Objective:

To compare clinical factors including level of motivation and the quality of life among the active male clients on high and low methadone dosage.

Aim:

To determine the factors associated with high dosage of methadone in order to improve the services provided.

Methods:

A cross sectional study of active male methadone clients who are on maintenance treatment attending the Methadone Clinic. It was conducted from early January to the end of March 2010. The questionnaires used include Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Circumstances, Motivation and Readiness to Change (CMR) and WHO-Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results:

Those on higher dosages were noted to have significantly better urinalysis results and had a higher CMR score, but quality of life did not differ between the two groups. Motivational level remained significant after regression analysis was done.

Conclusions:

This study also confirms previous findings of higher methadone dosage having better outcomes in terms of urinalysis results. As the high dose group were also found to be more motivated to change, the regular formal counselling sessions or motivational enhancement therapy was advocated to improve the services of methadone maintenance therapy.
2813 – Clinical Development of Comorbidity in Schizophrenia with Sustained Hypertension. State Institution “crimean State Medical University Named After S. Georgievsky” Simferopol, Ukraine
Authors: Verbenko V. , Yurieva N.
Published: July 2013

Comorbidity of psychic diseases with different somatic pathology is an essential causes for marking the pattern of the illness worse. Psychiatry stigma causes difficulty in getting adequate treatment of somatic pathology in schizophrenia patients.

The goal of the research:

The studying of particularities in clinical development of comorbidity in schizophrenia with sustained hypertension.

Data and methods:

60 patients with paranoid form of schizophrenia accompanied with somatic pathology (sustained hypertension).

Use:

Clinical-catamnesis, clinical- psychopathology methods, psychometry scale (PANSS, HARS, HDRS, ESRS).

Results:

Clinical features of comorbidity in schizophrenia with sustained hypertension are characterized by structural particularities of productive and deficiency disorders. The depression with hypochondriasis and anxiety symptoms is more expressive. Neurocognitive symptoms and low quality remission are marked (p < 0,01). Male patients more often have negative symptoms of anxiety (46,7%),irritability and aggressive behavior (33,3%)were marked in comparison with the control group (p < 0,05). Were identified patients could endure psychic medications worse. Resistance and intolerance to psychotropic medicines were revealed. More corrector medicines in side effect of extrpyramid symptoms were given (p < 0,01) total polyfarmacy (p < 0,01) in patients with comorbidity in schizophrenia and sustained hypertension was marked.

Conclusions:

Patients with comorbidity in schizophrenia and sustained hypertension developed more complex pattern of the disease. Patients were revealed to endure psychic medications worse. They were marked to have secondary resistance to psychotropic therapy.
2820 – Saliva Testosterone and Male Depressive Syndrome in a Community Study. The Sudurnesjamenn Study
Authors: Sigurdsson B. , Palsson S.P. , Aevarsson O. , Olafsdottir M. , Johannsson M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The relationship between testosterone levels and depressive symptoms has been described as U-shaped in some previous studies.

Aims:

To investigate the relationship between testosterone levels and male mental health as well as evening cortisol.

Methods:

In this community study 534 males were screened, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a general health questionnaire. Those with signs of depression (n = 65) and randomly selected controls (n = 69) were evaluated by a psychiatrist for Depressive Disorder (DD). in a sub-sample (n = 51) saliva testosterone was measured two times on a single day.

Results:

Morning values were significantly higher than evening values (236 vs. 145 pg/ml p = 0.009). Evening testosterone was significantly higher in males depressive according to both MADRS (p = 0.017) and BDI (p = 0.031). This relationship was also present when tested for U shaped connection by dividing the group into three even parts by testosterone levels. Men with depression were significantly more likely to be in the highest third of testosterone levels (BDI p = 0.021; MADRS p = 0.018). There was also a significant correlation between elevated evening cortisol and evening testosterone levels (p = 0.021). However, high evening cortisol and high evening testosterone were not detecting the same depressive cases according to either BDI or MADRS scales. Thus, simultaneous testing for evening cortisol and evening testosterone did not increase specificity for clinical diagnosis of DD.

Conclusion:

Males with high evening testosterone seem to be more likely to have depressive symptoms but further studies are needed.