bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of cervical cancer on quality of life of women in Hubei, China
Authors: Thapa Niresh , Maharjan Muna , Xiong Yan , Jiang Daqiong , Nguyen Thi-Phuong , Petrini Marcia A. , Cai Hongbing
Published: August 2018

We aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) of the patients with cervical cancer after initial treatment, the factors affecting QOL and their clinical relevance. A total of 256 patients with cervical cancer who visited Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 item (EORTC QLQ-C30) and cervical cancer module (EORTC QLQ-CX24) was used to assess the QOL of patients. More than half of the patients with cervical cancer reported an excellent QOL. Symptoms mostly experienced were insomnia, constipation, financial difficulties, and menopausal symptoms. Global QOL and social functioning were statistically associated with education level, occupation, the area of living, family income and treatment modality. Similarly, role functioning showed significant association with the stage of cancer, treatment modality and time since diagnosis. The rural area of living and poor economic status of the patients with cervical cancer has a negative impact on overall quality of life. Younger and educated patients are more worried about sexuality. Patients treated with multiple therapies had more problems with their QOL scales than patients treated with surgery only.
Effect of carbon black addition on thermal stability and capacitive performances of supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Kyungwhan , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig
Published: August 2018

In this study, we propose a simple way to improve thermal stability of solid-state supercapacitors (SCs) by adding carbon black (CB) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes. The CB used as a heat-resistant additive contributes to stable operation of the rGO-CB SC even after 1000 charge/discharge cycles at 90 °C. In the case of the rGO SC without CB, it fails after the 166th cycles at 90 °C. Compared with the rGO SC, the rGO-CB SC exhibits the decrease in internal resistance from 42 to 18 Ω and the increase in specific capacitance from 115 to 160 F/g. Moreover, the rGO-CB SC shows a smaller variation in specific capacitance (12%) than that of rGO SC (30%) as the temperature increases from 30 to 90 °C. The observation reveals that the addition of CB being a heat-resistant additive helps improve performance of thermal stable SCs.
Hairy root induction and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production in Macleaya cordata
Authors: Huang Peng , Xia Liqiong , Liu Wei , Jiang Ruolan , Liu Xiubin , Tang Qi , Xu Min , Yu Linlan , Tang Zhaoshan , Zeng Jianguo
Published: August 2018

Sanguinarine is currently widely used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in animal feeding and has demonstrated useful anticancer activity. Currently, the main source of sanguinarine is from an important medicinal plant, Macleaya cordata. To obtain a new source of sanguinarine production, we established hairy root cultures of M. cordata by co-cultivating leaf and stem explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Except the co-cultivation medium, all growth media contained 200 mg/L timentin to eliminate A. rhizogenes. Through comparing the metabolic profiles and gene expression of hairy roots and wild-type roots sampled at five time points, we found that the sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine contents of hairy roots were far higher than those of wild-type roots, and we revealed the molecular mechanism that causes these metabolites to increase. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the hairy root system has further potential for bioengineering and sustainable production of sanguinarine on a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in M. cordata using A. rhizogenes.
Food mechanical properties and isotopic signatures in forest versus savannah dwelling eastern chimpanzees
Authors: van Casteren Adam , Oelze Vicky M. , Angedakin Samuel , Kalan Ammie K. , Kambi Mohamed , Boesch Christophe , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Langergraber Kevin E. , Piel Alexander K. , Stewart Fiona A. , Kupczik Kornelius
Published: August 2018

Chimpanzees are traditionally described as ripe fruit specialists with large incisors but relatively small postcanine teeth, adhering to a somewhat narrow dietary niche. Field observations and isotopic analyses suggest that environmental conditions greatly affect habitat resource utilisation by chimpanzee populations. Here we combine measures of dietary mechanics with stable isotope signatures from eastern chimpanzees living in tropical forest (Ngogo, Uganda) and savannah woodland (Issa Valley, Tanzania). We show that foods at Issa can present a considerable mechanical challenge, most saliently in the external tissues of savannah woodland plants compared to their tropical forest equivalents. This pattern is concurrent with different isotopic signatures between sites. These findings demonstrate that chimpanzee foods in some habitats are mechanically more demanding than previously thought, elucidating the broader evolutionary constraints acting on chimpanzee dental morphology. Similarly, these data can help clarify the dietary mechanical landscape of extinct hominins often overlooked by broad C3/C4 isotopic categories.
A highly sensitive naked-eye fluorescent probe for trace hydrazine based on ‘C-CN’ bond cleavage
Authors: Xu Hai , Huang Zhen , Li Yaqian , Gu Biao , Zhou Zile , Xie Ruihua , Pang Xiao , Li Haitao , Zhang Youyu
Published: August 2018

The ‘C–CN’ bond cleavage was applied to the recognition of N2H4 for the first time; the obvious change in color could be used for “naked-eye” detection; the corresponding detection limit was found to be 5.81 × 10−8 M (1.65 ppb); the probe could be applied for N2H4 detection in real water samples.
Recent advancements in the methodologies applied for the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensors
Authors: Tabasi Ozra , Falamaki Cavus
Published: August 2018

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has widened the use of sophisticated methodologies for studying biological and chemical systems in terms of analyzing protein structures, determining the analyte concentration and retrieval of kinetic and equilibrium parameters.
MMP-2-responsive fluorescent nanoprobes for enhanced selectivity of tumor cell uptake and imaging
Authors: Sun Lu , Xie Shuping , Ji Xiuru , Zhang Jingming , Wang Dongmei , Lee Seung Jin , Lee Hyukjin , He Huining , Yang Victor C.
Published: August 2018

MMP-2-responsive fluorescent nanoprobes for selective intracellular tumor imaging by taking advantage of the steric hindrance effect.
Development of a novel inducer of protein–protein interactions based on aplyronine A
Authors: Ohyoshi Takayuki , Takano Atsuhiro , Namiki Mayu , Ogura Tomotaka , Miyazaki Yuto , Ebihara Yuta , Takeno Koichi , Hayakawa Ichiro , Kigoshi Hideo
Published: August 2018

An aplyronine A–swinholide A hybrid, consisting of the macrolactone part of aplyronine A and the side chain part of swinholide A, was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activities.
Naturally occurring quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids selectively stabilize G-quadruplexes
Authors: Jarosova Petra , Paroulek Petr , Rajecky Michal , Rajecka Veronika , Taborska Eva , Eritja Ramon , Aviñó Anna , Mazzini Stefania , Gargallo Raimundo , Taborsky Petr
Published: August 2018

In this work, the interaction of six natural benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (macarpine, sanguilutine, sanguirubine, chelerythrine, sanguinarine and chelirubine) with parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex DNA structures was studied.
Conformational changes of DNA induced by a trans-azobenzene derivative via non-covalent interactions
Authors: Zhang Hong , Fu Haohao , Shao Xueguang , Chipot Christophe , Monari Antonio , Dehez François , Cai Wensheng
Published: August 2018

The presence of only one interacting azobenzene is not sufficient to lead to a global conformational change from B- to A-DNA.
Effect of alkali ions on optical properties of flavins: vibronic spectra of cryogenic M+lumichrome ions (M = Li–Cs) in the gas phase
Authors: Nieto Pablo , Müller David , Sheldrick Alexander , Günther Alan , Miyazaki Mitsuhiko , Dopfer Otto
Published: August 2018

Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of M+LC (M = Li–Cs) obtained by photodissociation of mass selected ions in a tandem mass spectrometer illustrates the large impact of metalation on the optical properties of the simplest flavin molecule.
Spectroscopy of a rotating hydrogen molecule in carbon nanotubes
Authors: de Lara-Castells María Pilar , Mitrushchenkov Alexander O.
Published: August 2018

Computing the energy levels of molecular hydrogen rotating in carbon nanotubes of increasing size.
Block copolymer self-assembly in ionic liquids
Authors: Tamate Ryota , Hashimoto Kei , Ueki Takeshi , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: August 2018

Recent developments in block copolymer self-assembly in ionic liquids are reviewed from both fundamental and applied aspects.
Understanding the roles of plasmonic Au nanocrystal size, shape, aspect ratio and loading amount in Au/g-C3N4hybrid nanostructures for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Guo Yanzhen , Jia Henglei , Yang Jianhua , Yin Hang , Yang Zhi , Wang Jianfang , Yang Baocheng
Published: August 2018

Hybrid photocatalysts made of pre-grown gold nanocrystals and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets are synthesized, studied and optimized for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Moringa oleifera coagulation as pretreatment prior to microfiltration for membrane fouling mitigation
Authors: Katalo Ronald , Okuda Tetsuji , Nghiem Long D. , Fujioka Takahiro
Published: August 2018

Coagulation pretreatment using Moringa oleifera in the microfiltration of river water achieved membrane fouling mitigation and filtered water quality improvement.
Perspectives on the design of nanoparticle systems for catalysis
Authors: Friend Cynthia M. , Xu Fang
Published: August 2018

An overview of the Faraday Discussion, “Designing Nanoparticle Systems for Catalysis”, is presented.
Color-tunable Al6Si2O13:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor with high color rendering index based on energy transfer for warm white LEDs
Authors: Yan Bo , Wang Gui-Gen , Liu Long-Fei , Wang Xin-Zhong , Chen You-Xiao , Han Jie-Cai
Published: August 2018

A type of warm-white-light-emitting Al6Si2O13:Eu2+,Mn2+ phosphor with high color rendering index was synthesized for UV-excited white LED.
Self-recovery in Li-metal hybrid lithium-ion batteries via WO3 reduction
Authors: Pathak Rajesh , Gurung Ashim , Elbohy Hytham , Chen Ke , Reza Khan Mamun , Bahrami Behzad , Mabrouk Sally , Ghimire Raju , Hummel Matthew , Gu Zhengrong , Wang Xiaoming , Wu Yucheng , Zhou Yue , Qiao Qiquan
Published: August 2018

It has been a challenge to use transitional metal oxides as anode materials in Li-ion batteries due to their low electronic conductivity, poor rate capability and large volume expansion.
A blister-like soft nano-textured thermo-pneumatic actuator as an artificial muscle
Authors: An Seongpil , Kang Dong Jin , Yarin Alexander L.
Published: August 2018

A blister-like thermo-pneumatic soft actuator (BTSA) is developed as a bio-inspired device (the artificial muscle deflecting scales, spines and fur fibers). It holds great promise for biomedical applications where artificially grown skin patches should be removed from an underlying substrate without being damaged. The fabrication process of the BTSA is simple, and inexpensive.
Extremely rapid engineering of zinc oxide nanoaggregates with structure-dependent catalytic capability towards removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic
Authors: Xiong Jinyan , Li Wei , Gan Yixin , Wei Yi , Cheng Gang , Dou Shixue , Li Zhen
Published: August 2018

ZnO nanoaggregates with structure-dependent catalytic capability of removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotics were engineered by an extremely rapid polyol-mediated synthesis approach.
Frontiers in the electrophilic nitration ofmeso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives
Authors: Mikus Agnieszka , Zając Monika , Ostrowski Stanisław
Published: August 2018

The electrophilic nitration of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing groups onmeso-phenyl rings, contrary to the previous observations, takes place at the β-position.
Metal-free deoxygenative sulfonylation of quinoline N-oxides with sodium sulfinates via a dual radical coupling process
Authors: Xie Long-Yong , Peng Sha , Liu Fang , Chen Guan-Rong , Xia Wen , Yu Xianyong , Li Wen-Feng , Cao Zhong , He Wei-Min
Published: August 2018

The first example of a metal- and reductant-free deoxygenative sulfonylation of quinoline N-oxides with sodium sulfinates via a dual radical coupling process is reported.
p-Type CuCrO2 particulate films as the hole transporting layer for CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jeong Seonghwa , Seo Seongrok , Shin Hyunjung
Published: August 2018

CuCrO2 with a crystal structure of delafossite is a promising material as a transparent conducting oxide.
C–H activation-annulation on the N-heterocyclic carbene platform
Authors: Dutta Champak , Choudhury Joyanta
Published: August 2018

This review highlights the initial development of a new C–H activation–annulation chemistry accessible on the metal–N-heterocyclic carbene platform.
Theoretical-computational modeling of charge transfer and intersystem crossing reactions in complex chemical systems
Authors: Amadei Andrea , Aschi Massimiliano
Published: August 2018

A theoretical-computational procedure, based on Molecular Dynamics simulations, is proposed for modelling the kinetics of non-adiabatic processes in very complex systems.
Sustainable inverse-vulcanised sulfur polymers
Authors: Parker Douglas J. , Chong Samantha T. , Hasell Tom
Published: August 2018

We demonstrate two renewable crosslinkers that can stabilise sustainable high sulfur content polymers,viainverse-vulcanisation.
Effect of SiO2 amount on heterogeneous base catalysis of SiO2@Mg–Al layered double hydroxide
Authors: Shirotori Mahiro , Nishimura Shun , Ebitani Kohki
Published: August 2018

The effects of SiO2 amount on the base catalysis of highly active finely crystallized Mg–Al LDH(s) prepared by the co-precipitation method with coexistence of SiO2 sphere seeds were investigated by XRD, ICP, 29Si NMR, TEM-EDS and other techniques.
Immobilization of g-C3N4 nanosheets on diatomite via electrostatic adsorption and their photocatalytic activity
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Deng Lixun , Ouyang Hua , Wang Huihu
Published: August 2018

g-C3N4/diatomite hybrids were synthesized through an electrostatic adsorption method and subsequent calcination process.
Self-powered, high response and fast response speed metal–insulator–semiconductor structured photodetector based on 2D MoS2
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Li Feng , Xu Minxuan , Qi Junjie
Published: August 2018

A MIS structured self-powered photodetector of Pd/HfO2/MoS2 was fabricated by inserting a thin insulator, which has a fast response/recovery speed.
Hierarchical Co3O4@Co9S8 nanowall structures assembled by many nanosheets for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Xing Lei , Dong Yidi , Wu Xiang
Published: August 2018

Herein, we report hierarchical Co3O4@Co9S8 nanowalls assembled by many nanosheets.
Surface characterization and degradation behavior of polyimide films induced by coupling irradiation treatment
Authors: Dong Shan-Shan , Shao Wen-Zhu , Yang Li , Ye Hui-Jian , Zhen Liang
Published: August 2018

Schematic of irradiation-load-heating coupling treatment and degradation process of polyimide film.
A mesoporous tungsten carbide nanostructure as a promising cathode catalyst decreases overpotential in Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Liu Shuo , Wang Chengdong , Dong Shanmu , Hou Hongbin , Wang Ben , Wang Xiaogang , Chen Xiao , Cui Guanglei
Published: August 2018

Tungsten carbide with large specific surface area catalyzes reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2 with low overpotential in a Li–O2 cell.
A general one-pot strategy for the synthesis of Au@multi-oxide yolk@shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Li Jian , Song Shuyan , Long Yan , Yao Shuang , Ge Xin , Wu Lanlan , Zhang Yibo , Wang Xiao , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Hongjie
Published: August 2018

By integrating redox self-assembly and redox etching processes, we report a general one-pot strategy for the synthesis of Au@multi-MxOy (M = Co, Ce, Fe, and Sn) yolk@shell nanospheres.
Interstitial charge transfer pathways in a TiO2/CdIn2S4 heterojunction photocatalyst for direct conversion of sunlight into fuel
Authors: Mahadadalkar Manjiri A. , Gosavi Suresh W. , Kale Bharat B.
Published: August 2018

The synergistic interaction between CdIn2S4 and TiO2 matrices leads to alteration in the electronic band structure of TiO2 and creates the energy levels between the conduction and valence bands for interstitial charge transfer.
Recent progress in stretchable supercapacitors
Authors: An Tiance , Cheng Wenlong
Published: August 2018

This review summarizes recent developments in stretchable supercapacitors for applications in future wearable electronics.
Monitoring the assembly–disassembly–organisation–reassembly process of germanosilicate UTL throughin situpair distribution function analysis
Authors: Henkelis Susan E. , Morris Samuel A. , Mazur Michal , Wheatley Paul S. , McHugh Lauren N. , Morris Russell E.
Published: August 2018

A study into the disassembly and organisation steps of the ADOR process has been undertaken throughin situPair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis.
Replacement reaction-based synthesis of supported palladium catalysts with atomic dispersion for catalytic removal of benzene
Authors: Xu Linlin , Chen Dong , Qu Jianglan , Wang Liyang , Tang Jiayi , Liu Hui , Yang Jun
Published: August 2018

Supported Pd catalysts with atomic dispersion in CuO show high catalytic performance for the oxidation of benzene at mild temperatures.
Discovery of a high-pressure phase of rutile-like CoO2 and its potential as a cathode material
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Junyi , Qie Yu , Gong Sheng , Sun Qiang , Jena Puru
Published: August 2018

Due to the structural failure of layered CoO2, there has been considerable effort to improve the reversible capacity of commercial LiCoO2 cathode materials.
Conductive molybdenum carbide as the polysulfide reservoir for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zeng Xianqing , Gao Xuehui , Li Gaoran , Sun Minghao , Lin Zhan , Ling Min , Zheng Junchao , Liang Chengdu
Published: August 2018

The low electronic conductivity of sulfur and the diffusion and shuttle of polysulfide intermediates are the main obstacles of the cathode that restrain the progress of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries.
Influence of dopant size and electron affinity on the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric properties of a series of conjugated polymers
Authors: Liang Zhiming , Zhang Yadong , Souri Maryam , Luo Xuyi , Boehm Alex M. , Li Ruipeng , Zhang Yan , Wang Tairan , Kim Doo-Young , Mei Jianguo , Marder Seth R. , Graham Kenneth R.
Published: August 2018

Larger dopants with high electron affinities are found to yield increased electrical conductivities and power factors at lower doping concentrations.
Maximization of the energy capability level in transition metal complexes through application of 1-amino- and 2-amino-5H-tetrazole ligands
Authors: Szimhardt Norbert , Wurzenberger Maximilian H. H. , Zeisel Lukas , Gruhne Michael S. , Lommel Marcus , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: August 2018

This comprehensive study features the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of new energetic coordination compounds (ECC) based on two of the most powerful neutral tetrazoles, which have great potential as lead-free primary explosives.
Recent advances toward practical use of halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Zhao Yizhou , Zhang Siyu , Dai Yi , Liu Lang , Li Yujing , Chen Qi
Published: August 2018

Halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention, due to their superior photoluminescence quantum yields close to unity, variable morphologies, and tunable optical bandgaps achieved by modifying their composition, size and dimensionality.
Recent progress in porphyrin-based materials for organic solar cells
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Hu Jian-Yong , Xiao Bo , Tang Ailing , Wang Xiaochen , Zhou Erjun
Published: August 2018

This article is written to provide an up-to-date review of porphyrin-based materials used in organic solar cells (OSCs).
Wheat germ agglutinin modified magnetic iron oxide nanocomplex as a cell membrane specific receptor target material for killing breast cancer cells
Authors: Upadhyay Aekta , Kandi Ravinder , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: August 2018

The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were coated with a fluorescent torch and were further tagged with wheat germ agglutinin so as to direct the resulting nanocomplex selectively towards breast cancer cells in order to deliver the drug.
Direct covalent attachment of silver nanoparticles on radical-rich plasma polymer films for antibacterial applications
Authors: Akhavan Behnam , Bakhshandeh Sadra , Najafi-Ashtiani Hamed , Fluit Ad C. , Boel Edwin , Vogely Charles , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Zadpoor Amir A. , Weinans Harrie , Hennink Wim E. , Bilek Marcela M. , Amin Yavari Saber
Published: August 2018

Ion-assisted plasma polymerization for single-step, covalent immobilization of silver nanoparticles on surfaces.
Intrinsically ferromagnetic Fe-doped TiO2 coatings on titanium for accelerating osteoblast response in vitro
Authors: Li Kai , Yan Ting , Xue Yang , Guo Lijun , Zhang Lan , Han Yong
Published: August 2018

An intrinsically magnetic field induced by ferromagnetic TiO2 doped with 4.65 wt% Fe clearly enhances proliferation, osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts.
Bioelectronics goes 3D: new trends in cell–chip interface engineering
Authors: Pennacchio F. A. , Garma L. D. , Matino L. , Santoro F.
Published: August 2018

Bioelectronic platforms can be used for electrophysiology, monitoring and stimulating specific cellular functions.
Correction: Highly sensitive fluorescence quantification of intracellular telomerase activity by repeat G-rich DNA enhanced silver nanoclusters
Authors: Huang Shan , Yao Huiqin , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Jian-Rong , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: August 2018

Correction for ‘Highly sensitive fluorescence quantification of intracellular telomerase activity by repeat G-rich DNA enhanced silver nanoclusters’ by Shan Huang et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2018, 6, 4583–4591.
Non-doped thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes using an intra- and intermolecular exciplex system with a meta-linked acridine–triazine conjugate
Authors: Jeong Seongjin , Lee Youngnam , Kim Joon Ki , Jang Du-Jeon , Hong Jong-In
Published: August 2018

We report new TADF molecules (AmT and AmmT) for highly efficient non-doped OLEDs utilizing intra- and intermolecular charge transfer excitons.
A novel topotactic transformation route towards monodispersed YOF:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Yb/Er, Yb/Tm) microcrystals with multicolor emissions
Authors: Yuan Senwen , Shao Baiqi , Feng Yang , Zhao Shuang , Huo Jiansheng , Dong Langping , You Hongpeng
Published: August 2018

A novel topotactic transformation synthetic strategy from the Y4O(OH)9NO3 precursor towards YOF:Ln3+ with multicolor emissions has been developed based on the topotactic structural matching.
Construction of SnO2/Co3Sn2@C and SnO2/Co3Sn2@Air@C hierarchical heterostructures for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Wang Suyun , Peng Shisi , Zhong Suting , Jiang Wei
Published: August 2018

Schematic of electromagnetic wave attenuation process and loss mechanism for SnO2/Co3Sn2@C and SnO2/Co3Sn2@Air@C absorbers and their absorption properties.
Protostellar half-life: new methodology and estimates
Authors: Kristensen L. E. , Dunham M. M.
Published: August 2018

Protostellar systems evolve from prestellar cores, through the deeply embedded stage and then disk-dominated stage, before they end up on the main sequence. Knowing how much time protostellar systems spend in each stage is crucial for understanding how stars and associated planetary systems form, because a key constraint is the time available to form such systems. Equally important is understanding what the spread or uncertainty in these inferred time scales is. The most commonly used method for inferring protostellar ages is to assume the lifetime of one evolutionary stage, and then scale this lifetime to the relative number of protostars in the other stages, i.e., the method assumes populations are in steady state. The number-counting method does not take into account the underlying age distribution and apparent stochasticity of star formation, nor that star formation is sequential, i.e., populations are not in steady state. To overcome this, we propose a new scheme where the lifetime of each protostellar stage follows a distribution based on the formalism of sequential nuclear decay. In this formalism, the main assumptions are: Class 0 sources follow a straight path to Class III sources, the age distribution follows a binomial distribution, and the star-formation rate is constant throughout. The results are that the half-life of Class 0, Class I, and Flat sources are (2.4 ± 0.2)%, (4.4 ± 0.3)%, and (4.3 ± 0.4)% of the Class II half-life, respectively, which translates to 47 ± 4, 88 ± 7, and 87 ± 8 kyr, respectively, for a Class II half-life of 2 Myr for protostars in the Gould Belt clouds with more than 100 protostars. The mean age of these clouds is 1.2 ± 0.1 Myr, and the total inferred star formation rate is (8.3 ± 0.5) × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 for a mean protostellar mass of 0.5 M⊙. The critical parameters in arriving at these numbers are the assumed half-life of the Class II stage, and the assumption that the star-formation rate and half-lives are constant. This method presents a first step in moving from steady-state to non-steady-state solutions of protostellar populations.
Modeling of the spatially resolved nonthermal emission from the Vela Jr. supernova remnant
Authors: Sushch Iurii , Brose Robert , Pohl Martin
Published: August 2018

Vela Jr. (RX J0852.0−4622) is one of just a few known supernova remnants (SNRs) with a resolved shell across the whole electromagnetic spectrum from radio to very-high-energy (>100 GeV; VHE) gamma-rays. Its proximity and large size allow for detailed spatially resolved observations of the source, making Vela Jr. one of the primary sources used for the study of particle acceleration and emission mechanisms in SNRs. High-resolution X-ray observations reveal a steepening of the spectrum toward the interior of the remnant. In this study we aim for a self-consistent radiation model of Vela Jr. which at the same time would explain the broadband emission from the source and its intensity distribution. We solve the full particle transport equation combined with the high-resolution one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic simulations (using Pluto code) and subsequently calculate the radiation from the remnant. The equations are solved in the test particle regime. We test two models for the magnetic field profile downstream of the shock: damped magnetic field, which accounts for the damping of strong magnetic turbulence downstream, and transported magnetic field. Neither of these scenarios can fully explain the observed radial dependence of the X-ray spectrum under spherical symmetry. We show, however, that the softening of the spectrum and the X-ray intensity profile can be explained under the assumption that the emission is enhanced within a cone.
Description des propriétés mécaniques de la Molasse aquitanienne de Lausanne
Authors: Gencer Mustafa , Mathier Jean-François , Noverraz Francis , Français Olivier
Published: August 2018

Le tunnel ferroviaire de la société TRIDEL SA à Lausanne (Suisse) a été entièrement réalisé dans la formation molassique caractéristique de la région. Le présent article propose une classification des différents types de roches constituant cette formation molassique (Molasse aquitanienne ou Molasse grise de Lausanne) sur la base des critères lithologiques établis selon les relevés des géologues. Les caractéristiques mécaniques propres à chaque type de roche ont été déterminées à partir des essais de résistance uniaxiale avec mesure du module d’élasticité, des essais triaxiaux et des essais brésiliens. Les corrélations entre les différentes propriétés mécaniques sont analysées en fonction des types de molasse sur plus de 350 échantillons prélevés lors de la réalisation du tunnel. Les corrélations obtenues ont été utilisées pour définir les paramètres des critères de rupture pour la roche intacte selon Hoek & Brown et Mohr-Coulomb. Dans le cas particulier des marnes (roches argileuses tendres), les résultats des essais triaxiaux ont été analysés en appliquant les principes de l’état critique par analogie à la mécanique des sols pour définir les paramètres des lois de rupture.
An Overlapping and Integral Blurry Evaluation Method to Optimize Tissues Scanning from Microscope
Authors: Bayuelo Jaishir , Sanjuan Javier , Yepes-Martinez Julián , Tovar Wilson , Zapata Fabio , Peñaloza Giselle
Published: August 2018

Virtual microscopes are devices that employ an automated XYZ mechanism to scan a sample, leading to the obtention of a series of small pictures that, when merged, compose a high-quality representation of the specimen. Due to the assembly tolerances, these devices may suffer from zones out of focus, reducing the quality of the final image. To solve this problem, researchers employ evaluation methods to calculate the blurriness of the image, and when an out of focus picture is located, performs the process of autofocus. Because of the variation on the types of samples, especially in pathology, the existing evaluation methods may fail to deliver a proper blur detection. This article proposes an optimized algorithm for the detection of the blurriness while conducting the sample scan in real time, ensuring that every scanned picture will be in focus. For this purpose, the algorithm relies on two functions, the comparison of the overlapping zones of two consecutive images, and the multivariate linear regression of a series of focus functions. The algorithm proved to be a reliable tool when applied in different pathology samples.
Thermal Anomalies Detection Using Comparative Method for Small Earthquake
Authors: Wongpornchai Pisanu , Suwanprasit Chanida
Published: August 2018

Thermal anomaly is one of the earthquake precursor in the earthquake preparatory phase. Remote sensing in thermal region has been employed based on the concept of stress accumulation in the active plate tectonics region, which may be transformed as temperature variation prior to earthquake. MODIS Land Surface Temperature has been commonly used to locate the thermal anomalies before the earthquake. Recently researches have been focusing on moderate or large magnitude earthquake events. In Thailand, small earthquake can severely damage the unprepared area. This study, the daily day- and nighttime data of MODIS MOD11A1 product for 30 days before and 15 days after the earthquake on April 22, 2007, in Wiang Pa Pao District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, were processed and analysed to locate possibility of thermal anomalies. Thermal anomalies before and after the earthquakes were detected using the comparative method. The result found that the thermal anomaly temperature could be high up to 4.1 - 10.9 C which occurred in 21 - 22 days prior to the earthquake. Therefore, it may conclude that small earthquake can also release energy as the detectable thermal anomaly. However, more study about the relationship between thermal precursor and earthquake is needed to continue.
Symbolic-Numeric Computation of the Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of the Leaky Modes in a Regular Homogeneous Open Waveguide
Authors: Divakov Dmitriy , Tiutiunnik Anastasiia , Sevastianov Anton
Published: August 2018

In this paper the algorithm of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the leaky modes in a three-layer planar dielectric waveguide is considered. The problem on the eigenmodes of open three-layer waveguides is formulated as the Sturm-Liouville problem with the corresponding boundary and asymptotic conditions. In the case of guided and radiation modes of open waveguides, the Sturm-Liouville problem is formulated for self-adjoint second-order operators on the axis and the corresponding eigenvalues are real quantities for dielectric media. The search for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions corresponding to the leaky modes involves a number of difficulties: the boundary conditions for the leaky modes are not self-adjoint, so that the eigenvalues can turn out to be complex quantities. The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions will be associated with finding the complex roots of the nonlinear dispersion equation. In the present paper, an original scheme based on the method of finding the minimum of a function of several variables is used to find the eigenvalues. The paper describes the algorithm for searching for eigenvalues, the algorithm uses both symbolic transformations and numerical calculations. On the basis of the developed algorithm, the dispersion relation for the weakly flowing mode of a three-layer open waveguide was calculated in the Maple computer algebra system.
Effect of Annealing Process on the Mechanical Properties of X70 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Zhu Teng-wei , Miao Cheng-liang , Cheng Zheng , Wang Zhipeng , Cui Yang , Li Fei
Published: August 2018

The influence of the mechanical properties of X70 pipeline steel under different annealing temperature was studied. The corresponding microstructure was investigated by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed that the yield strength and the tensile strength both experienced from rise to decline with the increase of annealing temperature. The grain sizes were coarse and a large amount of cementite precipitated due to preserving temperature above 550 °, which induced matrix fragmentation and deteriorate the -10 ° DWTT Toughness. There were little changes on the microstructure and mechanical properties when the annealing temperature was under 500 °.
Damages Assessment of Cement-Paste and Cobblestone Interfacial Transition Zone by Acoustic Emission
Authors: NGUYEN-TAT Tam , TRAN Trung-Hieu , RANAIVOMANANA Narintsoa , BALAYSSAC Jean-Paul
Published: August 2018

In cementitious materials, bonding at the contact surface between cement-paste and coarse aggregates plays an important role and determines the durability of the material. Recent studies have evaluated the impact strength on this contact surface by experiments on different surface roughness aggregates and concluded that the contact area between the two components was the weakest zone in concrete. This paper presents experiment test on cement-paste and cobblestone contact surface to determine the types of damage modes using Acoustic Emission Technique. The result is that the shear stress occupies only about 10% of the total stress experienced on the contact surface.
Performance of Glazing Materials for Atrium in Hot & Humid Climate
Authors: Suhendri  , Sunanda Wahri , Budiarto Rachmawan
Published: August 2018

One comfort issue that considered to be the most important is thermal comfort. Air temperature is the most influential factor, and it is related to solar radiation and building's glazing. Besides thermal comfort, glazing is also needed to provide daylighting. Therefore, due to its relation to thermal comfort and daylighting, the glazing materials selection is crucial. Hence, by focusing on atrium in hot and humid climate, this study is aimed to examine a sufficient material with good thermal and daylighting performance. The results show that argon filled glazing is the most suitable material for atrium glazing in hot and humid climate. Argon filled glass has lowest U-value and total solar transmission than any other glazing materials simulated, but its light transmission is not too low so the daylight delivered still adequate to the standard. Accordingly, U-value, solar heat gain coefficient, and light transmission coefficient are concluded as the determinant factor in selecting glazing material.
Wind Fragility for Sign Structure in Korea with Chemical Anchor Connection
Authors: Sim Viriyavudh , Kim SeongDo , Jung WooYoung
Published: August 2018

Damage to domestic facilities by strong winds and typhoon is on the rise in recent year. Typical sign structure used in Korea is found on the edge of concrete building, which could be easily affected by strong winds. Therefore, this study focused on sign structure among various vulnerable facilities. The evaluation of wind fragility for sign structure was carried out considering the failure of anchor at their connection to the concrete building. Moreover, pull-out and shear tests were performed to determine the resistance capacity of anchor used in this study. Monte Carlo Simulation method was used to generate random wind loads on sign structure. Additionally, fragility parameters were determined based on the failure criteria of connection anchor. Results show that diameter of the installed anchor was the dominant factor affecting the performance of sign structure subjected to strong wind.
Effect of Mechanical Load on Defects Level in Soft Ferrite Ceramics
Authors: Petrova A.B. , Malyshev A.V. , Surzhikov A.P.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of mechanical load on the temperature dependence of the initial permeability of LiTiZn soft ferrite ceramics. Regimes of mechanical load were created by a steel non-magnetic ring with screws. In this work, four levels of mechanical load were investigated: without load, with 1, 2 and 3 screws. For obtaining temperature dependences and exclude the influence of prehistory on the initial permeability, the samples were heated to a temperature exceeding the Curie point by 50 degrees, after which they slowly cooled to room temperature. The defects level was determined by the ratio of the parameters β / α of the phenomenological expression, which describes the experimental temperature dependences. It is shown that as the mechanical load increases, the defects level of ferrite ceramics increases, and after load removing, it returns to its original level.
Investigating the Potential Use of Ionic Liquids in Pre-Treatment Application for Water Desalination
Authors: Abu Khalifeh Hadil , AlNashef Inas , Nazir Asiya , Al Mansoori Noora , Yousef Ibrahim , Sharhahabiel Awatif
Published: August 2018

The world has been noticing a quickening advancement over the last decades in terms of irrigated agriculture, social, industrial, and economical perspectives; followed by a huge increment in the water demand. Therefore, desalination is used all over the world to reduce worldwide water shortage; however, the traditional techniques lead to fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Therefore, scientists are investigating new green and environment-friendly methods to be used by the desalination plants to reduce CO2 emissions and save the natural resources. In this study, the feasibility of using ionic liquids (ILs) as potential means for pre-treatment of seawater desalination was examined. The main aim of this work was to examine the ability of ILs in extracting salts from saline water. As a first step, the solubility of NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 in different ILs at different temperatures were analyzed. The solubility of the salts in ILs increased in most cases with temperature increments; however, the presence of emulsion was seen in a few cases. The highest measured concentration of NaCl was 6,639 ppm at 60 °C in 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate.
Extraction and Characterization of Omega-3 Fatty Acid from Catfish Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technique
Authors: Iberahim N.I. , Hamzah Z. , Yin Y.J. , Sohaimi K.S.A.
Published: August 2018

Extraction of Omega-3 fatty acid from Catfish using enzymatic hydrolysis techniques are expected to be more economically possible techniques due to the uses of enzyme with the characteristic of reusable, environmental friendly and less energy required for large-scale production. Malaysian like to consume Catfish in their daily diet. Thus, it is very popular among farmers in Malaysia. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid have many benefit to human health. Based on research, EPA and DHA can reduce the risk of heart disease by regulate the blood coagulation. The main purpose of this research is to extract the Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid by using enzymatic hydrolysis method. Enzymatic extraction technique by using Alcalase was used to extract the Catfish oil. Then, lipase was used to concentrate the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Peroxide value and acid value were used to determine the Catfish oil quality. Optimization using DOE verify that the highest percentage of oil yields at 51°C, 0.91% enzyme concentration and 155 minute incubation time. Finally, there are two types of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid can be found in Catfish oil which is EPA and ALA.
Effect of Polymer Degradation on Polymer Flooding in Homogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Xin Xiankang , Yu Gaoming , Ma Ruicheng , Wu Keliu , Chen Zhangxin
Published: August 2018

In this paper, physical and numerical simulations were applied to investigate the polymer degradation performance and its effect on polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR) efficiency in homogeneous reservoirs. Physical experiments were conducted to determine basic physicochemical properties of the polymer, including viscosity, rheology, and degradation. A new mathematical model was proposed, and an in-house simulator was designed to further explore polymer degradation. The results of the physical experiments illustrated that polymer could increase polymer solution viscosity significantly, and the relationship between polymer solution viscosity and polymer concentration exhibited a clear power law relationship. However, the viscosity of a polymer solution with the same polymer concentration decreased with an increase in the shear rate, showing shear thinning performance. Moreover, the viscosity decreased with an increase in time, which was caused by polymer degradation. The validation of the designed simulator was improved when compared to the simulation results using ECLIPSE V2013.1 software. The difference between 0 and 0.1 day-1 in the polymer degradation rate showed a decrease of 6% in oil recovery after 2,000 days, according to simulation results, which demonstrated that polymer degradation had an adverse effect on polymer flooding efficiency.
The Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Centella Asiatica Chloroform Extract-loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles
Authors: Kesornbuakao Kittiya , Amornraksa Suksun , Sriariyanun Malinee , Asavasanti Suvaluk , Yasurin Patchanee
Published: August 2018

Nanoencapsulation of Centella asaitica (CA) crude chloroform extract seems to be an attractive approach that may improve drug bioavailability and drug delivery system. In the study, CA extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles (CGNP) were developed by gelatin one-step and two-step desolvation methods, using three different ratios between CA crude chloroform extract and gelatin (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 w/w). The antibacterial and antioxidants activities of CGNP and CA were compared. The antioxidant activity of CGNP and CA was evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results showed an enhancement of CGNP antibacterial activity against food borne pathogen. The highest inhibition diameters and FRAP determined from CGNP prepared by one-step at 1:4 ratios (1.03±0.39 cm and 1.23±019 mmol Fe2+/mg dried weight, respectively). However, CGNP was no significant difference in DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to CA. These results provide useful information for developing effective nanoencapsulation of CA as effective natural ingredient.
Wave Absorption and Thermal Stability of Nickel Coated Al2O3 Core-shell Composite Powder
Authors: Wei Hu , Cheng Li
Published: August 2018

As a composite cermet material, the nickel coating on the surface of alumina particles has important application value because of its good electromagnetic wave absorption performance. In this study, nickel was deposited on the surface of alumina nanopowders by hydrothermal method and sintering method. The results show that the XRD results of nickel alumina show that Ni-Al2O3 nanoparticles has FCC face-centered cubic structure. The grain size is about 50 nm. The absorption characteristics of electromagnetic waves were measured at 2-18 GHz by HP 8722 es microwave network analyzer. The results show that Ni-Al2O3 nanoparticles has certain wave-absorbing properties.
Study of the Mix Cement Properties of Mortar Cement Used in Masonry and Plaster from the Waste Biscuit Firing of Ceramic
Authors: Klangvijit Wiwat , Sookramoon Krissadang
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to study the characteristics of cement mixes and to find out the right qualities according to Mortar Cement in terms of flow formation period and compressive strength. This work was tested for the properties of cement Mortar at Research and Development Department, Department of Concrete Testing, Royal Irrigation Thailand in ASATM C 91-97C, and ASTM C 807-89 standard. The results of the study indicated that the formula of Mortar Cement A1 flow characteristics 112, the formation time was 45 minutes and the compression strength was on the average of 39.35 MPa. Mortar Cement A2 flow characteristics 112 formation time was 45 minutes, compression strength was on the average of 25.35 MPa. Mortar Cement A3 properties of flow 118, formation time was 60 minutes, Compression strength was on the average of 17.73 MPa. Mortar Cement A4 features of flow 113, formation time was 55 minutes, compression strength was on the average of 15.33 MPa. Mortar cement A5 features of the flow 114, formation time was 55 minutes compression strength was on the average of 15.30 MPa. From the experimental result, we found that the best formulation is Mortar Cement A1, which has the highest characteristics in every property. From this study Molar cement, a material in the pozzolanic group, it is suitable for production and development in repairing old buildings or historic site. Mortar Concrete has less expansion, but high density of water slow rate ofdevelopment due to slow reaction with water. However, the compressive strength in the back is the same, the old work with the repair parts do not crack because of the surface tension, the material affected by rapid dehydration.
Electrostatic Force between Two Dielectric Particles in Electrorheological Fluids: beyond Spherical Particles
Authors: Tang Hongzhe , Gan Li , An Wei
Published: August 2018

In an effort to increase the shear yield stress of dielectric electrorheological fluids, we focus on the electrostatic force of different forms of particles in a dielectric polarization model. By solving Laplace‘s equation and applying the multiple image method and the finite element method, the analytical and numerical solutions of the electrostatic force of a two-sphere structure have been studied. The results suggest that when the dielectric mismatch factor is large and when the positions of the two spheres are nearly in contact with each other, most of the analytical solutions either over-or underestimate the force. Additionally, the structure of particles beyond the spherical form is considered. Three example cases are studied to shed light on how different geometries of particles may affect the electrostatic force, thereby influencing the shear yield stress of the fluid.