bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opinions of High School Principals on Their Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Gokalp Serkan
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the opinions of high school principals on their cultural intelligence levels, to determine the activities of these principals to increase their cultural intelligence levels, the advantages of their having a high level of cultural intelligence, the factors that prevent them from increasing their cultural intelligence levels, and their suggestions to increase their cultural intelligence levels. The data obtained from the interview forms were analyzed by the content analysis method. The findings were organized and presented under themes and sub-themes. The study group of the research consisted of 40 school principals working in Mersin central districts in the 2020-2021 academic years. According to the study results; most of the participants stated that they had a high level of cultural intelligence while some participants stated that they had a low level of cultural intelligence. Regarding the activities to increase their level of cultural intelligence, principals stated that they did activities such as increasing their knowledge, going abroad, and developing social relations. The principals expressed three different opinions on the advantages of having a high level of cultural intelligence: organizational advantages, professional advantages, and individual advantages. It was determined that factors preventing principals from increasing their cultural intelligence levels were factors unrelated to principal and factors related to principal. The principals expressed two different opinions on what could be done to increase their cultural intelligence levels: The things to be done by the superiors and the things to be done the principal.
Synthetic Longitudinal Education Database: Linking National Datasets for K-16 Education and College Readiness
Authors: Lee Jaekyung , Jaeger Joseph
Published: November 2021

What are missing in the U.S. education policy of “college for all” are supporting data and indicators on K-16 education pathways, i.e, how well all students get ready and stay on track from kindergarten through college. This study creates synthetic national longitudinal education database that helps track and support students’ educational pathways by combining two nationally-representative U.S. sample datasets: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study- Kindergarten (ECLS-K; Kindergarten through 8th grade) and National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS; 8th grade through age 25). The merge of these national datasets, linked together via statistical matching and imputation techniques, can help bridge the gap between elementary and secondary/postsecondary education data/research silos. Using this synthetic K-16 education longitudinal database, this study applies machine learning data analytics in search of college readiness early indicators among kindergarten students. It shows the utilities and limitations of linking preexisting national datasets to impute education pathways and assess college readiness. It discusses implications for developing more holistic and equitable educational assessment system in support of K-16 education longitudinal database.
Confinement Behavior
Authors: García-Castillo Fernando , Ramos-Soler Irene , García-del-Castillo José A.
Published: November 2021

Some events are drivers for a change in the way we live life. When these events are not controllable, as has been the case with the coronavirus pandemic, everything is precipitated and the mechanisms of change are accelerated regardless of the type of culture, society, or economy in which they take place. Possibly it is the circumstances that directly affect the health of the population that are the most critical and are the ones that cause the greatest concern and change.

This is the first time in history that we have had the opportunity to study lockdown behavior at a global level, analyzing how it affects citizens’ way of life. The most widespread restrictions in most countries of the world have revolved around increasing physical distance, lockdowns (total, by districts, or by specific areas), curfews (variable depending on the severity of the situation of each place), mandatory isolation in the case of testing positive for the infection, the suppression of all kinds of activities (cultural, sports, leisure), and the promotion of remote working to avoid, as much as possible, being in contact with others.

The two main characteristics of mandatory isolation are, on the one hand, complete physical isolation from family and friends and, on the other, the absolute restriction of free movement. Both measures, also being combined with other factors, can generate significant changes in the levels of anxiety and stress of confined people. This is due to these people experiencing emotions of fear regarding illness and death, the possible loss of their jobs, the consequent economic problems, and the probability of increasing their level of being sedentary as a result of not being able to go outside to exercise.

In this study, we propose, from a theoretical point of view, the precedents and consequences of lockdown behavior regarding the dimensions that we consider fundamental in people's lives. We analyze how lockdown influences lifestyle, from eating habits to sleeping patterns, digital behavior, physical activity, and emotional state, reaching the theoretical conclusion that all of these aspects can be significantly altered.
A feasibility study to assess the design of a multicentre randomized controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a caregiving intervention for people following hip fracture surgery
Authors: Smith Toby , Clark Lucy , Khoury Reema , Man Mei-See , Hanson Sarah , Welsh Allie , Clark Allan , Hopewell Sally , Pfeiffer Klaus , Logan Pip , Crotty Maria , Costa Matthew , Lamb Sarah E.
Published: November 2021

Aims

This study aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic, multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an informal caregiver training programme to support the recovery of people following hip fracture surgery.

Methods

This will be a mixed-methods feasibility RCT, recruiting 60 patients following hip fracture surgery and their informal caregivers. Patients will be randomized to usual NHS care, versus usual NHS care plus a caregiver-patient dyad training programme (HIP HELPER). This programme will comprise of three, one-hour, one-to-one training sessions for the patient and caregiver, delivered by a nurse, physiotherapist, or occupational therapist. Training will be delivered in the hospital setting pre-patient discharge. It will include practical skills for rehabilitation such as: transfers and walking; recovery goal setting and expectations; pacing and stress management techniques; and introduction to the HIP HELPER Caregiver Workbook, which provides information on recovery, exercises, worksheets, and goal-setting plans to facilitate a ‘good’ recovery. After discharge, patients and caregivers will be supported in delivering rehabilitation through three telephone coaching sessions. Data, collected at baseline and four months post-randomization, will include: screening logs, intervention logs, fidelity checklists, quality assurance monitoring visit data, and clinical outcomes assessing quality of life, physical, emotional, adverse events, and resource use outcomes. The acceptability of the study intervention and RCT design will be explored through qualitative methods with 20 participants (patients and informal caregivers) and 12 health professionals.

Discussion

A multicentre recruitment approach will provide greater external validity across population characteristics in England. The mixed-methods approach will permit in-depth examination of the intervention and trial design parameters. The findings will inform whether and how a definitive trial may be undertaken to test the effectiveness of this caregiver intervention for patients after hip fracture surgery. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):909–920.
How young, disadvantaged fathers are affected by socioeconomic and relational barriers: a UK-based qualitative study
Authors: Donald Louisa , Davidson Rosemary , Murphy Suzanne , Hadley Alison , Puthussery Shuby , Randhawa Gurch
Published: November 2021

This article is based on the interviews of nine young, socially disadvantaged fathers from the UK. Young fathers are more likely to experience socioeconomic deprivation and disrupted pathways towards parenthood, which affect their participation in socially accepted trajectories of ‘father involvement’. Whilst this has received some attention in research, studies have largely neglected to examine the lived experiences of such fathers directly. The current article aims to address this gap, building upon the limited body of research that exists exploring the impact of socioeconomic and relational barriers on father involvement. In this study, three interrelated themes demonstrate the cyclical nature of generational disadvantage, reduced socioeconomic circumstances and disrupted relationships, providing a different perspective on the decreased levels of involvement exhibited by young fathers in prior research. The findings also enlighten our understanding of how these fathers can be better supported in policy and practice, thereby contributing to current academic debate.
Understanding the rise of sexual violence in India
Authors: Nainar Vahida
Published: November 2021

There is a sharp rise in sexual violence against women and girls over the last decade in India. The 2015–2017 National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB) data suggest that the rise in sexual violence in different states in India ranges between 30–95 per cent. Though there are several literatures to understand and explain the phenomenon of sexual violence, there are dimensions of sexual violence that remain unexplored leading to substantive knowledge gaps. The article attempts to examine the knowledge gaps and understand the phenomenon of rise in sexual violence. It discusses relevance of patriarchal dominance theory and social disintegration theory to explain the phenomenon. The article concludes that patriarchal dominance theory is the basis for understanding the deep-rooted causes of gender violence as exemplified by rising instances of sexual violence. However, the cultural spillover concept, where the general acquiescence to public violence as illustrated in the high number of elected officials with criminal records, or a corporate decision to make free data accessible to 90 per cent of India’s population by 2017 shows discernable links with the rise in sexual violence.
Fast phase error calibration through radix-p optimization processing
Authors: Sung Jiun-Yu , Lee San-Liang
Published: November 2021

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) have been a popular option to manipulate the spatial behavior of the free-space optical beams. Inspired by the success of the integrated circuits (IC) industry, photonic IC (PIC) based OPAs have been actively studied in the last decade. Due to the fabrication imperfection, light passing through different paths typically results in random phase errors. The phase errors can seriously deviate the interference pattern of an OPA, and radically change the spatial distribution of the optical field. This phenomenon will significantly degrade the performance for applications like image scanning and optical wireless communication (OWC). Thermally or electrically tunable phase shifters can be applied to compensate the phase errors through dedicated calibration algorithms. However, the complexity of the calibration processes quickly increases with the number of the OPA’s elements. Hence, the whole processing can be time-consuming and this significantly pushes the overall system cost. Besides, considering the potential dynamic factors such as thermal gradient and aging effects, continuous calibration may be necessary. This results in great demand for fast and efficient calibration processing for the practical applications. In this paper, novel and efficient radix-p calibration processing is proposed which can be directly combined with most of the already reported/developed optimization algorithms as a speed-up turbo. It is shown that the computation time of the proposed radix-p processing grows linearly with the number of the OPA’s elements. In comparison to the conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which exhibits exponential computation time in our numerical results, the radix-p processing shows great efficiency improvement. In the numerical results, speed with more than 12 times faster is shown for the proposed radix-p processing compared to the traditional PSO algorithms.
Circular-dichroism enantiomers assisted Full-Poincaré Polarization wavefront manipulation metasurface
Authors: Cheng Yang , Li Yongfeng , Wang He , Wang Jiafu , Wan Weipeng , Yuan Qi , Zheng Lin , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo
Published: November 2021

The manipulation of the wave-front with versatile vectorial polarization channels has intrigued huge attention in many fields, including encryption, detection, and vectorial hologram. However, there still lacks an efficient method to adequately achieve vectorial beams at will. As an exotic phenomenon, circular dichroism(CD) becomes an alternative strategy to overcome this academic challenge. Here, a scheme based on CD enantiomers to customize arbitrary vectorial beams in K-space is proposed. The strategy is illustrated with analytical calculations on the checkerboard-type arrangement to establish a concise relationship between the Full-Poincaré Polarization (FPP) and CD-based orientation enantiomers. On this basis, to expand its potential in practical applications, here we combine the genetic algorithm(GA) with a gradient optimization algorithm. Four beams with left-handed-circular, right-handed-circular, linear, and 5-axial-ratio left-handed-elliptical polarizations with the energy ratio of 7:8:9:10 are achieved as the proof of principle. Hence, this proposed paradigm could manipulate arbitrary vectorial beams and has great significance in multi-polarized distribution radio communications, encryption, and vector-holographic imaging.
Coherence in macroscopic high harmonic generation for spatial focal phase distributions of monochromatic and broadband Gaussian laser pulses
Authors: Ghomashi B. , Reiff R. , Becker A.
Published: November 2021

Efficient application of ultrafast laser sources from high harmonic generation requires an understanding of how the spectrum can be controlled – the extent of the highest harmonics and the strength and cleanness of the harmonic lines. We study one important aspect in the coherent build-up of macroscopic high-order harmonic generation, namely the impact of different phase distributions in the focal area on the features of the generated radiation. Specifically, we compare the high harmonic signals for the commonly-used Gouy distribution of a monochromatic beam with those for the phase distribution of a short broadband Gaussian pulse. To this end, we apply a theoretical model in which the microscopic yields are obtained via interpolation of results of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, which are then used in an individual-emitter approach to determine the macroscopic signals. Regions of poor and good coherent build-up as a function of the position of the gas jet are identified using measures for the strength of the harmonic lines and for the impact of off-harmonic radiation. While the largest extent of the spectra as well as the strongest contribution of off-harmonic radiation is found for positioning the gas jet after the focus for both distributions, the relative strength of the harmonics is overall weaker for the short Gaussian pulse distribution and the spectra differ for a gas jet positioned at the focus. These differences are mainly caused by the additional dependence of the focal phase in the transverse direction for the short Gaussian pulse distribution.
Luminous efficiency improvement of polymer light-emitting diodes with platinum nanolayer at the PEDOT:PSS–ITO interface
Authors: Chen Sy-Hann , Hsu Pei-Ju
Published: November 2021

A platinum (Pt) nanolayer was successfully deposited on indium titanium oxide (ITO) as a buffer layer for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) using a rapid and low-cost sputtering system at room temperature. With a 5 s Pt-dispersed ITO as the anode window substrate of the PLED, a maximum current efficiency of 4.00 cd/A was realized, which is notably higher than that of a typical PLED (1.13 cd/A). It was determined that the average current efficiency and electroluminescence intensity of the proposed PLED were enhanced by 2.5 times and 290%, respectively, compared to a typical PLED.
Double perovskite microcrystals-based white light-emitting diodes without reabsorption of multiphase phosphors
Authors: Yang Gang , Zhu Yongsheng , Li Xueguo , Huang Jinshu , Xu Xiumei , Ji Xiaoxu , Wang Aihua , Cheng Jinbing , Pan Gencai
Published: November 2021

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Dating violence and associated factors among male and female adolescents in Spain
Authors: Vives-Cases Carmen , Pérez-Martínez Vanesa , Davó-Blanes MCarmen , Sánchez-SanSegundo Miriam , Gil-González Diana , G. Abiétar Daniel , Sánchez-Martínez Francesca , Forcadell-Díez Lluís , Pérez Glòria , Sanz-Barbero Belén
Published: November 2021

Background

Dating Violence (DV) is a public health problem that is on the rise. In this paper, we aim to analyse different factors associated with DV victimization among female and male adolescents in Spain, considering socioeconomic circumstances, sexual orientation and the presence of different attitudes and experiences related to violence.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 640 ever-partnered adolescents aged 13 to 17 at schools in the cities of Alicante (n = 359, 50.1% girls) and Terrassa (n = 281, 51.9%) in the context of an educational intervention to promote healthy relationships. We calculated the prevalence of different forms of DV (physical, sexual and control and fear) and carried out multivariate regression models by sex.

Results

5.5% of girls and 8.7% of boys declared having suffered lifetime physical and/or sexual violence, while 22% of girls and 20.5% of boys reported control and/or fear victimization. The likelihood of DV was higher among migrants and those with foreign-born parents (aPR girls = 2.1 CI95%: 1.1–3.9; aPR boys = 1.9: CI95%: 1.0–3.6); prior experiences of abuse (aPR girls = 1.6; CI95%: 1.0–2.6; aPR boys = 1.7; CI95%: 1.1–2.6); and those who showed higher levels of machismo (aPR girls = 1.0; CI95%: 1.0–1.1; aPR boys = 1.0; CI95%: 1.0–1.1). In girls, DV increased among those who reported lesbian/bisexual orientation and poor relationship with teachers.

Conclusions

DV is socially patterned and increases among LGB adolescents (especially in the case of girls), migrants, and those with foreign-born parents, and adolescents who reported prior experiences of violence in childhood. Future DV prevention programs should consider social inequalities in the likelihood of DV and by reinforcing adolescents’ abilities to recognize social support sources and reject machismo and violence.
A label indicating an old year of establishment improves evaluations of restaurants and shops serving traditional foods
Authors: Maezawa Tomoki , Kawahara Jun I.
Published: November 2021

This study examined whether the presence of product information focused on a past era (e.g., year of establishment) improved consumers’ evaluations of a shop serving traditional products when the label and shop were congruent in terms of temporal focus. Across five experiments, participants viewed and evaluated advertisements from traditional food restaurants and shops that showed an old year of establishment. They showed favorable evaluations of the restaurants and food shops more frequently when a label focused on the past was displayed than when the label was absent or when a label focused on the present was displayed. Subsequent experiments indicated that this labeling effect was strongest when the label and shop were consistent in terms of traditional culture such that the year of establishment on the label showed the Japanese era name (Japan’s traditional date format) and was accompanied by Japanese classic foods. Importantly, in this study, qualitative domains were consistently improved more often than were ratings of visit intention and expected taste. The results suggest that temporal congruence between the label and restaurants rated plays an essential role in ensuring that these advertisements are effective in improving positive evaluations.
High variability in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households and implications for control
Authors: Toth Damon J. A. , Beams Alexander B. , Keegan Lindsay T. , Zhang Yue , Greene Tom , Orleans Brian , Seegert Nathan , Looney Adam , Alder Stephen C. , Samore Matthew H.
Published: November 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a high risk of transmission in close-contact indoor settings, which may include households. Prior studies have found a wide range of household secondary attack rates and may contain biases due to simplifying assumptions about transmission variability and test accuracy.

Methods

We compiled serological SARS-CoV-2 antibody test data and prior SARS-CoV-2 test reporting from members of 9,224 Utah households. We paired these data with a probabilistic model of household importation and transmission. We calculated a maximum likelihood estimate of the importation probability, mean and variability of household transmission probability, and sensitivity and specificity of test data. Given our household transmission estimates, we estimated the threshold of non-household transmission required for epidemic growth in the population.

Results

We estimated that individuals in our study households had a 0.41% (95% CI 0.32%– 0.51%) chance of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection outside their household. Our household secondary attack rate estimate was 36% (27%– 48%), substantially higher than the crude estimate of 16% unadjusted for imperfect serological test specificity and other factors. We found evidence for high variability in individual transmissibility, with higher probability of no transmissions or many transmissions compared to standard models. With household transmission at our estimates, the average number of non-household transmissions per case must be kept below 0.41 (0.33–0.52) to avoid continued growth of the pandemic in Utah.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that crude estimates of household secondary attack rate based on serology data without accounting for false positive tests may underestimate the true average transmissibility, even when test specificity is high. Our finding of potential high variability (overdispersion) in transmissibility of infected individuals is consistent with characterizing SARS-CoV-2 transmission being largely driven by superspreading from a minority of infected individuals. Mitigation efforts targeting large households and other locations where many people congregate indoors might curb continued spread of the virus.
Ensino e aprendizagem à distância em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Flores Maria Assunção , Veiga Simão Ana Margarida , Barros Alexandra , Flores Paulo , Pereira Diana , Lopes Fernandes Eva , Costa Ferreira Paula , Costa Luís
Published: November 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou mudanças e efeitos sem precedentes nas instituições educativas. Também no ensino superior se assistiu a um processo rápido de transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as perceções dos estudantes do Ensino Superior sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem à distância durante o 2º semestre de 2019/2020 (n = 2718). Os dados foram recolhidos através de um inquérito por questionário realizado online junto dos estudantes e divulgado através das suas associações. Embora se tenham identificado aspetos positivos, as perceções dos participantes apontam para uma visão mais negativa do que positiva que surge associada a distintas respostas institucionais, mas também a processos de adaptação individuais. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem também uma menor participação dos estudantes em processos de auto e heteroavaliação e a preferência pelo ensino misto num cenário futuro.
Brick’s Burguer House: The challenge to grow without losing the taste
Authors: Bendor Marta Elisa Morais da Silva , Porto Priscila Maria Vasconcelos , Linhares Francisca Juliana Miranda , Santos Ruan Carlos dos
Published: November 2021

Objective: to propose a case study to analyze the growth and development strategies of a handmade hamburger, Brick's Burger House - the "star's snack", which intends to expand its business to other cities. Context/Reality investigated: with two years of existence, in the city where it operates, the company has become market leader in its segment. The competition, which aggressively tries to get a bigger share of the market, imposes to the partners the great challenge of defining Brick's growth strategy. Diagnosis/Problem situation/Opportunity: The big challenge is to grow without losing the main reason of the hamburger’s success: to provide customers with the Brick's experience. Results: The result of the research corroborates the orientation towards entrepreneurial marketing (OME), a characteristic in the behavior of the snack bar and hamburger shop sector, which points out looks focused on the market, the opportunity, and the customer. This brings to light the discussion, in class, about entrepreneurial skills and the proposal of solutions for decision-making.
Japanese Merchants Diaspora in the 17th Century into Southeast Asia
Authors: Surya Riza Afita
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to investigate the Japanese Diaspora in the 17th century into Southeast Asia. This article   discussed critically the  motives, process, and the effect of Japanese diaspora in the Southeast Asia. Reseacher utilized historical method with descriptive approach. The process being performed namely heuristics, critism, interpretation, and historiography. Japanese history regarding abroad migration is an interesting issue between scholars who studied migration, anthropology, and minority studies over the decades. Edo period in Japan is one of the most studied field for many scholars for Japanese studies, since it shaped the characteristic of Japanese culture until today. Trade of Japan is significant part of its economical development since the pre-modern era. In the 17th century, Japan established a solid trade network with Southeast Asia regions, namely Siam, Malacca,  Cambodia, Vietnam and Manila. The emerge of maritime trade with Southeast Asia encouraged Japanese merchants to travel and create settlements in some regions. The Japanese diaspora was encouraged with vermillion seal trade which allowed them to do journey overseas and settled in some places, which eventually increased the number of Japanese merchants in the Southeast Asia. However, after the Sakoku policy there was restriction of trade relation ehich prohibited overseas maritime trade, except for China and Dutch. Sakoku policy caused Japanese merchants who stayed overseas could not return for many years, then they settled themselves as Japanese communities known as Nihon Machi in some places within Southeast Asia. History of early modern Japan between the 16th and 19th century provides a broader narratives of global history as it was surrounded by intense global interaction.
Code-Mixing in Student Interaction of Japan UKM Members in State Polytechnic of Bali
Authors: Harisal Harisal , Somawati Ni Putu , Dyah Wahyuning , Kanah Kanah
Published: November 2021

Code-Mixing often occurs in a place where there are various ethnicities, tribes, languages, and various cultures. One of them is at the State Polytechnic of Bali. This study aims to describe the form of code-mixing that appears in the interactions of Students Extracurricular Unit of Japan called UKM Jepang members of the State Polytechnic of Bali and explain the motives for using code-mixing in the interactions. The data used in this study is the result of the interaction of students who are members of the UKM Jepang, State Polytechnic of Bali, indicated to cause Code-Mixing both offline and online. Furthermore, the research approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with the type of research being descriptive research. The results showed that the form of Code-Mixing that occurred in students of Japanese UKM members of the State Polytechnic of Bali occurred in mixing nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The motives that cause the emergence of code-mixing include the consideration of the interlocutor, namely members of UKM Jepang who both understand Japanese vocabulary. Besides, some special terms in Japanese are considered more appropriate to be conveyed by students on certain topics related to Japan, and they deliberately mix the code to make the conversation more interesting. On the other hand, Some Japanese vocabulary has no meaning that can be spoken in conversation in Indonesian, which causes students to use the term and become a new 'vocabulary' in Indonesian. They accidentally did lexical borrowing to meet the language barrier and cause code-mixing.
The Accepted Outsider: A New Interpretation of The Folktale of Momotaro
Authors: Wibowo Robi
Published: November 2021

Momotaro is one of the most widely heard folktales in Japanese society, even becoming a compulsory material taught in all elementary schools in Japan. Folktale is something that reflects the structure of thinking of society. Therefore, the folktale of Momotaro was examined to reveal the thinking structure covered in the story. The thought is the view of Japanese society towards people outside their community. This view in Japanese culture is very important. Surprisingly, until now there has been no researcher who relates this folktale to this view. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fill this void, by presenting a new interpretation different from the previous studies. This research is cultural research, not literary research. Almost all cultural research on Momotaro cannot be separated from the use of a historical approach. What distinguishes it from previous research is the use of a non-historical approach. This study used Levi-Strauss’ structural approach. This approach is to look at the forms of structure or 'logic' used in the folktale of Momotaro, more specifically the logic about the meaning of outsiders for Japanese society.
Sustainable effective use of brackish and canal water for rice-wheat crop production and soil health
Authors: AHMED Khalil , SAQIB Amar Iqbal , QADIR Ghulam , NAWAZ Muhammad Qaisar , RIZWAN Muhammad , HUSSAIN Syed Saqlain , IRFAN Muhammad , ALI Muhammad Mohsin
Published: November 2021

A pot study was conducted to develop reasonable irrigation scheduling methods for rice-wheat crop rotation by conjunctive use of low-quality brackish water and good quality canal water. Treatments tested were; T1 (canal water), T2 (brackish water), T3 (brackish water for rice and canal water for wheat), T4 (last two irrigations to rice, and initial two irrigations to wheat with canal water), T5 (last two irrigations to rice but two initial and one last irrigation to wheat with canal water). Results revealed that irrigation with canal water resulted in the maximum mean biomass and grain yield of rice and wheat crops followed by cyclic use of brackish and canal water. While continuous irrigation with brackish water resulted the lowest mean biomass and grain yield. The different modes of irrigations also influenced chemical properties of soil, brackish water adversely affected the soil properties, and maximum pH of soil saturated paste (pHs), electrical conductivity of soil extract (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were recorded where brackish water was used continuously. Therefore, it was concluded that when water is valuable and freshwater resources are limited, cyclic use of the canal and brackish water is also profitable with marginal effect on biomass and grain yield and proves least detrimental for soil health.
Dr. INFLUENCE OF JOB BURNOUT ON INTENTION TO QUIT AMONG HEALTH SERVICE EMPLOYEES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Adewa Kehinde , Tosin-Amos Aderonke , Ilori Taiwo Adeola
Published: November 2021

This paper examined the influence of job burnout on intention to quit among health service employees in Southwestern Nigeria because there has been limited attention on the influence of job burnout on intention to quit. The study population is 18,295. A sample of 380 respondents were obtained using Yamane formula. Questionnaire was administered to Nurses, Administrators, Doctors, Technologists and Pharmacists with full employment status. Data was analysed with the use of Multiple regression aided by Path Analysis. The study revealed that job burnout significantly affect intention to quit. Emotional Exhaustion (t = 3.126, p < 0.05); Depersonalization (t = 0.930, p < 0.05); Personal Accomplishment (t = 1.773, p < 0.05). The study concluded that job burnout affects intention to quit among health service employees in Southwestern Nigeria.                                                                                                                           

Keywords: Job Burnout, Employment Alternative, Professional Commitment, and Social Support.
Ibiebe Alphabet and Ideograms as Motifs for Fabric Embellishment
Authors: Ajiginni Margaret , Olumide Bakare Olayinka
Published: November 2021

The invented Bruce Onobrakpeya’s Ibiebe alphabet and ideogram (writing system) have not been explored maximally and redesigned as recurring motifs to embellish contemporary fabric. These are artistic codified graphical images that represent the visual translation of myths, legends, ideal concepts, and the philosophies of the Urhobo cultural heritage from Delta State. They are mostly explored in paintings and sculptural pieces for aesthetic and refinement purposes. Whereas, it is pertinent to encourage the integration of the creative potential of indigenous culture as visual concepts into contemporary works, since art is a potent medium for cultural dialogue. Therefore, this paper seeks to redesign the versatility and ingenuity embedded in Bruce Onobrakpeya’s formation as a recurring motif for fabric embellishment. It is essentially to provoke creativity, the development of knowledge, skills, in-studio experimentation/exploration, and the creation of new design possibilities with a diverse visual relationship. The Aesthetic theory propounded by Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762) and the Modern Creativity theory by Kanematsu, H. and Barry, D. M. (2016) were adopted. The approach is exploratory and descriptive and relies on literal information. It will serve as an encyclopedia of redesigned motifs that cut across visual history.
From Fei Xiaotong to Shi Zhengyi: The Chinese Economic Anthropology Pioneers’ Academic Essentials
Authors: Tian Robert Guang
Published: November 2021

In China, economic anthropology started relatively later compared with that in the West; however, under the guidance of Marxist theory and based on the needs of China's economic development, it gradually formed unique advantages in its development process.  In China's economic and social development practice, Fei Xiaotong and Shi Zhengyi, among other pioneers, creatively applied the economic anthropological paradigm to solve the specific issues, starting from the local characteristics, and completed some excellent academic results. This paper probes and analyzes the scholarly contributions of the pioneers of Chinese economic anthropology; especially, it takes Marxist economics as the starting point to examine Professor Shi Zhengyi's theoretical contributions to the development of Chinese economic anthropology and its practical significance.
Brain to Mind: Creation of the Virtual World
Authors: Mukundan C. R. , Kamarajan C.
Published: November 2021

The human brain has developed the capability for routine sensory-motor monitoring and controls, present in all living beings, and additional skills for symbolic and verbal expressions of all sensory-motor activities and emotional experiences. Each brain could monitor and become aware of its own thoughts and emotions, all of which constitute the “mind”. Each person mentally creates verbal and symbolic expressions related to all sensory-motor activities and emotional experiences, and what one proposes to carry out.  Each human being mentally creates an immensely enriched virtual mental world, and they succeed in physically realizing most of them.   Different parts of the human brain contribute to different types of processing of incoming signals and retrieved signals already stored in the brain and the newly created and modified ideas are stored and used by the individual. The ideas and signals stored create emotional arousal, which the individual may experience and may make use of while dealing with the world and the individuals and other items of the which the individual may encounter in life. The ideas created within the brain may be played repeatedly and when the individual listens to his/her own ideas, the person becomes aware of the ideas. Normally awareness develops during the creation of new ideas, and during their retrieval. Oneself becoming aware or conscious of own ideas and the ideas expressed by others could develop an extensive knowledge base and may help in all planning and action executions, with others and materials of the world that one may encounter face to face or during their retrieval periods. The knowledge base has helped man to enhance the same, as well as, create new entities, which has been a routine human contribution during each person’s life. The emotions aroused during such interactions with the persons who may present ideas or own retrieved ideas are experienced by the self, who may express the emotionally loaded words or actions to others. The mind decides the world one lives in and mentally shares the realities one faces during one’s life period.  Living is the process when one could share the same realities and the world, and could have experiences of the same and express own emotional reactions towards those realities.
Taliban Soft or Hard Makes No Difference
Authors: Dnes Antony
Published: November 2021

This article examines whether a softer Taliban leadership will lead to a new regime similar or different from earlier experience. The application of signaling models of group formation predicts that even if the leadership is more willing to operate within international expectations of governance, the Taliban will lose fighters to more fundamentalist terrorist organizations. The loss will cut into the Taliban ranks because of incentives to invest in hardening militant skills.
Neural Representations of Food-Related Attributes in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex during Choice Deliberation in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Xue Alice M. , Foerde Karin , Walsh B. Timothy , Steinglass Joanna E. , Shohamy Daphna , Bakkour Akram
Published: November 2021

Decisions about what to eat recruit the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and involve the evaluation of food-related attributes such as taste and health. These attributes are used differently by healthy individuals and patients with disordered eating behavior, but it is unclear whether these attributes are decodable from activity in the OFC in both groups and whether neural representations of these attributes are differentially related to decisions about food. We used fMRI combined with behavioral tasks to investigate the representation of taste and health attributes in the human OFC and the role of these representations in food choices in healthy women and women with anorexia nervosa (AN). We found that subjective ratings of tastiness and healthiness could be decoded from patterns of activity in the OFC in both groups. However, health-related patterns of activity in the OFC were more related to the magnitude of choice preferences among patients with AN than healthy individuals. These findings suggest that maladaptive decision-making in AN is associated with more consideration of health information represented by the OFC during deliberation about what to eat.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn open question about the OFC is whether it supports the evaluation of food-related attributes during deliberation about what to eat. We found that healthiness and tastiness information was decodable from patterns of neural activity in the OFC in both patients with AN and healthy controls. Critically, neural representations of health were more strongly related to choices in patients with AN, suggesting that maladaptive overconsideration of healthiness during deliberation about what to eat is related to activity in the OFC. More broadly, these results show that activity in the human OFC is associated with the evaluation of relevant attributes during value-based decision-making. These findings may also guide future research into the development of treatments for AN.
A Cortico-Cortical Pathway Targets Inhibitory Interneurons and Modulates Paw Movement during Locomotion in Mice
Authors: Chang Chia-wei , Zhao Meiling , Grudzien Samantha , Oginsky Max , Yang Yexin , Kwon Sung Eun
Published: November 2021

The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is important for the control of movement as it encodes sensory input from the body periphery and external environment during ongoing movement. Mouse S1 consists of several distinct sensorimotor subnetworks that receive topographically organized corticocortical inputs from distant sensorimotor areas, including the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and primary motor cortex (M1). The role of the vibrissal S1 area and associated cortical connections during active sensing is well documented, but whether (and if so, how) non-whisker S1 areas are involved in movement control remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that unilateral silencing of the non-whisker S1 area in both male and female mice disrupts hind paw movement during locomotion on a rotarod and a runway. S2 and M1 provide major long-range inputs to this S1 area. Silencing S2→non-whisker S1 projections alters the hind paw orientation during locomotion, whereas manipulation of the M1 projection has little effect. Using patch-clamp recordings in brain slices from male and female mice, we show that S2 projection preferentially innervates inhibitory interneuron subtypes. We conclude that interneuron-mediated S2–S1 corticocortical interactions are critical for efficient locomotion.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSomatosensory cortex participates in controlling rhythmic movements, such as whisking and walking, but the neural circuitry underlying movement control by somatosensory cortex remains relatively unexplored. We uncover a corticocortical circuit in primary somatosensory cortex that regulates paw orientation during locomotion in mice. We identify neuronal elements that comprise these cortical pathways using pharmacology, behavioral assays, and circuit-mapping methods.
Modulation of Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Additively Promotes Rewiring of Corticospinal Circuits after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Nakamura Yuka , Ueno Masaki , Niehaus Jesse K. , Lang Richard A. , Zheng Yi , Yoshida Yutaka
Published: November 2021

Axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited by both a decreased intrinsic ability of neurons to grow axons and the growth-hindering effects of extrinsic inhibitory molecules expressed around the lesion. Deletion ofphosphatase and tensin homolog(Pten) augments mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and enhances the intrinsic regenerative response of injured corticospinal neurons after SCI. Because of the variety of growth-restrictive extrinsic molecules, it remains unclear how inhibition of conserved inhibitory signaling elements would affect axon regeneration and rewiring after SCI. Moreover, it remains unknown how a combinatorial approach to modulate both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms can enhance regeneration and rewiring after SCI. In the present study, we deletedRhoAandRhoC, which encode small GTPases that mediate growth inhibition signals of a variety of extrinsic molecules, to remove global extrinsic pathways.RhoA/RhoCdouble deletion in mice suppressed retraction or dieback of corticospinal axons after SCI. In contrast,Ptendeletion increased regrowth of corticospinal axons into the lesion core. Although deletion of bothRhoAandPtendid not promote axon regrowth across the lesion or motor recovery, it additively promoted rewiring of corticospinal circuits connecting the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, and hindlimb muscles. Our genetic findings, therefore, reveal that a combinatorial approach to modulate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors can additively promote neural circuit rewiring after SCI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSCI often causes severe motor deficits because of damage to the corticospinal tract (CST), the major neural pathway for voluntary movements. Regeneration of CST axons is required to reconstruct motor circuits and restore functions; however, a lower intrinsic ability to grow axons and extrinsic inhibitory molecules severely limit axon regeneration in the CNS. Here, we investigated whether suppression of extrinsic inhibitory cues by genetic deletion ofRhoas well as enhancement of the intrinsic pathway by deletion ofPtencould enable axon regrowth and rewiring of the CST after SCI. We show that simultaneous elimination of extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways can additively promote axon sprouting and rewiring of the corticospinal circuits. Our data demonstrate a potential molecular approach to reconstruct motor pathways after SCI.