bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEMAS DE VENTILAÇÃO EM TÚNEL E LATERAL NA CRIAÇÃO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE COM ALTA DENSIDADE
Authors: Zanolla Neri , Tinôco Ilda de Fátima Ferreira , Baêta Fernando da Costa , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Moraes Sandra Regina Pires de
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Considerando-se a necessidade de se oferecer às aves um ambiente adequado para que elas possam expressar seu máximo desempenho, especialmente nas criações em alta densidade objetivou-se, com este trabalho, comparar o efeito de dois diferentes sistemas ambientais de acondicionamento térmico (Sistema de Ventilação em Túnel - SVT e Sistema de Ventilação Lateral - SVL, ambos associados à nebulização interna) sobre o conforto térmico do galpão e, conseqüentemente, sobre o desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte, em condições de verão, na região de Governador Valadares, MG, cada sistema com densidade de 14 aves m-2, 40% superior à média da região. O experimento foi conduzido dos 15 aos 42 dias de idade das aves, utilizando-se dois galpões idênticos, com dimensões de 12,0 x 120,0 x 3,0 m, orientados no sentido leste-oeste, para os quais foram distribuídos os dois sistemas de arrefecimento térmico (SVT e SVL). O conforto térmico do ambiente foi avaliado pelos índices de temperatura de globo negro e umidade (ITGU) e carga térmica de radiação (CTR) tomados diariamente, com intervalo de 2 h, das 8:00 às 18:00 h, nas áreas interna e externa dos galpões experimentais. O desempenho produtivo das aves foi avaliado pelo consumo de ração e ganho de peso, medidos semanalmente. Não houve diferença significativa nos índices de conforto térmico ITGU nem CTR, para ambos os sistemas de acondicionamento ambientais. Os resultados médios dos índices de desempenho produtivo das aves no SVT foram melhores que no SVL. Em relação à média dos índices de desempenho das aves, obtidos em lotes anteriores criados nos mesmos galpões experimentais e em condições de verão, verificou-se que a utilização de qualquer um dos dois sistemas de acondicionamento de ambiente permitiu elevar em 40% a densidade do plantel, acompanhado de uma melhoria no desempenho das aves, representada por um acréscimo ao ganho de peso vivo final de 55 g ave-1 e 15 g ave-1, respectivamente, para os SVT e SVL, e um consumo de ração de 4,31, 4,37 e 5,0 kg ave-1 para o SVT, o SVL e o galpão tradicional, respectivamente.
CONSUMO HÍDRICO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTURA DA VIDEIRA NA REGIÃO DE PETROLINA, PE
Authors: Teixeira Antônio Heriberto de Castro , Azevedo Pedro Vieira de , Silva Bernardo Barbosa da , Soares José Monteiro
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Medidas do saldo de radiação, fluxo de calor no solo, gradientes de temperatura e de pressão do vapor, obtidas em experimento de campo conduzido no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro, pertencente à Embrapa Semi-árido, em Petrolina, PE, no período de 03/06 a 11/09/94, foram utilizadas no cálculo da evapotranspiração da cultura da videira (ETc) pelo método do balanço de energia baseado na Razão de Bowen. Para o cálculo da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) utilizaram-se os métodos de Penman-Monteith e do Tanque Classe A. Com base nos valores de ETc e de ETo, determinou-se o coeficiente de cultura (kc) ao longo dos subperíodos de brotação das gemas, floração, chumbinho e maturação dos frutos. Os resultados indicam que, nas condições de clima e solo do experimento, a evapotranspiração da cultura ETc variou de 2,8 mm dia-1 aos 18 dias após a poda a 7,0 mm dia-1, aos 94 dias após a poda (subperíodo de chumbinho), decrescendo em seguida para atingir 4,4 mm dia-1 aos 117 dias após a poda (final do subperíodo de maturação dos frutos). O consumo hídrico da cultura ao longo de todo o ciclo produtivo foi da ordem de 503,0 mm. Os valores do coeficiente de cultura variaram de 0,65 a 1,15, de acordo com o método de cálculo da ETo, porém se mostraram superiores aos recomendados pela FAO.
UM CONVITE À REFLEXÃO SOBRE A CATEGORIA DE UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO REFÚGIO DE VIDA SILVESTRE
Authors: STRAPAZZON MARCIA CASARIN , MELLO NILVÂNIA APARECIDA DE
Published: February 2016

Os Refúgios de Vida Silvestre (RVS) são unidades de conservação (UCs) do grupo de proteção integral e permitem apenas o uso indireto dos atributos naturais. Entretanto, não implicam em desapropriação das terras, desde que haja compatibilidade das atividades das propriedades com os objetivos de criação da unidade. Através de uma pesquisa exploratória, buscou-se aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre os Refúgios de Vida Silvestre investigando-se as possíveis origens da categoria no âmbito da elaboração da Lei do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação, levantando-se hipóteses acerca das concepções envolvidas na criação de UCs federais desta categoria e das possíveis atribuições de sentidos à mesma pelos seus gestores. Pôde-se concluir que as dificuldades geradas pela localização da categoria em uma intersecção entre proteção integral e uso sustentável, aliada à sua falta de regulamentação, é expressa nos mais diferentes níveis de relação com os RVS, não sendo pressuposto, no entanto, para considerar a categoria inviável.
COMPOSTAGEM DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO (BRASIL)
Authors: SIQUEIRA THAIS MENINA OLIVEIRA DE , ASSAD MARIA LEONOR RIBEIRO CASIMIRO LOPES
Published: February 2016

Resíduos orgânicos compõem mais da metade dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) coletados no Brasil e a maior parte não é transformada em composto, gerando sérios problemas ambientais. Este trabalho teve por objetivos: i) identificar experiências de compostagem de RSU no estado de São Paulo; ii) caracterizar a dinâmica das modalidades identificadas; e iii) traçar um panorama da compostagem de RSU no estado. A caracterização feita nas experiências levantadas permitiu agrupá-las em seis modalidades dentro de dois modelos de gestão: centralizado e descentralizado. Foram observadas oportunidades, desafios e demandas para se organizar sistemas eficientes que colaborem com a gestão municipal e produzam composto de qualidade. Verificou-se que, com frequência, resíduos orgânicos que entram numa rota eficiente de compostagem têm seu processo de valorização interrompido e retornam para aterros, indicando que a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos não tem sido suficiente para priorizar a compostagem nos municípios paulistas.
ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS MARINHO-COSTEIRAS DE SANTA CATARINA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DAS POPULAÇÕES LOCAIS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA LITERATURA
Authors: ALVES RUBANA PALHARES , HANAZAKI NATALIA
Published: February 2016

A compreensão das relações entre populações humanas locais e unidades de conservação (UC) é crucial para a melhoria da gestão das áreas. As perspectivas das populações locais sobre as relações população-UC foram analisadas com base em dados secundários. Para tal, foram consideradas cinco UC Federais Marinho-Costeiras de Santa Catarina e cinco domínios analíticos: econômico, ambiental, espacial, organizacional e cultural. Foram analisados 21 estudos que conjuntamente contemplavam todos os domínios. A pesca destacou-se como atividade economicamente importante para as populações. Para todas UC foram registrados impactos ambientais negativos. Conflitos no uso do espaço, distanciamento das populações com a gestão das UC e declínio da atividade pesqueira também foram relatados. A comparação dos domínios analíticos permitiu identificar lacunas do conhecimento a serem investigadas e pontos importantes a serem trabalhados pelos gestores das UC.
AGORA SOB NOVA ADMINISTRAÇÃO: ACORDOS DE PESCA NAS VÁRZEAS DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: OVIEDO ANTONIO FRANCISCO PERRONE , BURSZTYN MARCEL , DRUMMOND JOSÉ AUGUSTO
Published: February 2016

A pesca fica prejudicada quando as várzeas sofrem crescentes pressões de infraestrutura, poluição, mudanças climáticas e sobrepesca. Para comunidades ribeirinhas da Amazônia, isso pode significar menos peixes nos rios e lagos, o que leva a bolsos e estômagos vazios. Este artigo usa a teoria dos recursos comuns para analisar as origens e o funcionamento dos acordos coletivos de pesca assinados por habitantes das várzeas da Amazônia brasileira. Como a pesca comercial se expandiu em meados dos anos 1990, as experiências envolvendo lagos geridos pelas comunidades locais surgiram em vários locais, como um exemplo promissor de gestão participativa de base. Os resultados mostram que os acordos geraram melhorias consideráveis, embora a sua eficácia esteja ameaçada pela fraqueza do monitoramento e da fiscalização e pela falta de eficácia da regulamentação da posse da terra. O artigo sugere que as agências governamentais devem apoiar estes acordos por meio do desenvolvimento (ou adaptação) dos mecanismos que visam a descentralização das decisões públicas e da gestão. O fracasso deles pode levar a mudanças nos processos ecológicos, à redução dos estoques pesqueiros e a conflitos sócio-ambientais.
Money, morality, and politics in the slums of Buenos Aires
Authors: Wilkis Ariel
Published: February 2016

Abstract Studies on the political life of the poor in Latin American have rarely focused on money, although there have been works focused on the survival strategies of the poor; political clientelism; and collective mobilizations. In this article, I analyze political life in the poor neighborhoods of Greater Buenos Aires through the lens of money that circulates within the Peronist networks. I conducted ethnography fieldwork between 2006 and 2010. Does money have a legitimate role in politics? Has the monetization of political activities dissolved values, commitments, and loyalties among the poor? Is this corruption, or is this an ethical exchange among people who lack cash but possess moral capital? Here, I analyze how money becomes necessary to strengthen commitments, loyalties, obligations, expectations, and plans for both leaders and activists. Reconstructing this process can provide a foundation for the revision of place of money in political life.
Trabalho, subsistência e dinheiro: modos criativos na economia mbya (guarani) contemporânea
Authors: Pissolato Elizabeth
Published: February 2016

Resumo No presente artigo pretendo apresentar práticas contemporâneas de subsistência adotadas por populações mbya (guarani) no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, a partir de uma abordagem que articula economia e política, bem como alguns aspectos do xamanismo e ritual. Busco demonstrar como um modelo de reciprocidade assimétrica persiste entre os Mbya em conexão complexa com práticas econômicas que têm no centro o dinheiro e o comércio feito nas cidades. Contra a imagem de “desintegração” de um modelo coletivo de economia a partir de um processo de “individualização” que aproximaria os Guarani contemporâneos da lógica capitalista (conforme proposto por Egon Schaden nos anos de 1940), sugiro que as práticas econômicas contemporâneas conservam os princípios de reciprocidade e ainda otimizam o sistema mbya em sua abertura multilocal.
Administrando pessoas, recursos e rituais. Pedagogia econômica como tática de governo em Timor-Leste
Authors: Silva Kelly
Published: February 2016

Resumo Este artigo discute práticas de gestão de pessoas, recursos e rituais por parte de agências de governo em Timor-Leste. Tendo por foco de análise o tara bandu realizado no distrito de Ermera, em 2012, e propagandas oficiais, entrevistas e outros documentos produzidos entre 2012 e 2015, demonstro como certa racionalidade a respeito do dispêndio de bens materiais e simbólicos, orientada pelo regime de dádiva, tem se tornado objeto de governo, dando origem a uma pedagogia econômica. Tal pedagogia econômica intenta diminuir os investimentos materiais e simbólicos aplicados em rituais e prestações de aliança e transformar em mercadorias recursos originalmente manejados como dádiva. No limite, implicado nessa pedagogia econômica figura um projeto de purificação e monopolização das fontes de governo.
“Minha Casa, Minha Vida”: experts, sentidos de classe e a invenção do “mercado” da casa própria no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Kopper Moisés
Published: February 2016

Resumo Casas são materialidades centrais na elaboração de imaginários e políticas de ascensão social. Baseando-me em etnografia conduzida entre arquitetos, economistas e planejadores, examino os dispositivos que “performam” o mercado da casa própria no Brasil contemporâneo e suas operações de adequação a perfis de renda, classe social e aspiração cultural. Demonstro como a reconfiguração de empresas imobiliárias a partir do maior programa habitacional do país – o Minha Casa, Minha Vida – terminou por inventar um “mercado” emergente que conecta cidadania, consumo e moralidades de “classe média”. Nesse processo, ao qualificarem territórios, atributos, técnicas, padrões construtivos e design arquitetônico, experts fabricam materialidades políticas e sedimentam cartografias induzidas, engajando-se ativamente em processos de valorização e precificação que reinventam o território urbano das grandes cidades brasileiras.
Modas de mulher, modos de comércio: camadas médias, cultura e economia na história do consumo moderno
Authors: Rocha Everardo , Frid Marina , Corbo William
Published: February 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a recorrência de relações entre distintos movimentos do consumo na modernidade, a formação das “classes médias” e a construção do ideal da “mulher moderna”. Vamos analisar as formas pelas quais um determinado modelo de negócios, inaugurado pelos grandes magazines em meados do século XIX, estrutura um sistema para o comércio de bens e serviços que contribui para inserir contingentes das populações urbanas de camadas médias no universo do consumo e a mulher em atividades de compra. Este estudo analisará três contextos de expansão do consumo nos quais se evidencia a complexa relação entre economia e cultura: a emergência dos grandes magazines nas cidades europeias em meados do século XIX; o surgimento dos shoppings nos Estados Unidos após a Segunda Guerra Mundial; a chegada de marcas internacionais no Brasil a partir dos anos 2000, especificamente o caso da rede de lojas Forever 21.
Genetic Diversity of Rice vampireweed (Rhamphicarpa fistulosa) Populations in Rainfed Lowland Rice in West Africa
Authors: Zossou Norliette , Adoukonèou-Sagbadja Hubert , Fonceka Daniel , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Sall Mbaye , Ahanchede Adam , Sinsin Brice
Published: February 2016

Rice vampireweed belongs to the Orobanchaceae and is found in Africa and Australia. It is a hemiparasitic weed of lowland rice genotypes and causes losses of 40 to 100% of rice grain yield. Our study addressed the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed in Benin and Senegal. The specific objectives of this research were to study the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed accessions in Benin and Senegal and the relationship between the different genotypes of rice vampireweed through agroecological areas. To achieve these objectives, the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed accessions using the AFLP technique was studied. Based on our results, dendrogram classification has distinguished four different genetic groups. The populations of Benin and Senegal are genetically diverse. Substantial genetic differentiation (GST) exists among agroecological areas within Benin and Senegal (GST = 0.17). The high genetic diversity of rice vampireweed in Benin and Senegal presents a challenge for the development of resistant rice germplasm.
Thermal performance of thermoactive continuous flight auger piles
Authors: Loveridge Fleur , Cecinato Francesco
Published: February 2016

Foundation piles are being increasingly equipped with heat exchangers to efficiently harvest shallow geothermal energy. For buildings in urban areas, continuous flight auger (CFA) piles are common owing to their speed, cost-efficiency and low noise levels. To construct a thermoactive CFA pile usually requires separate central installation of the heat exchanger. However, the energy performance of this type of pile has not been investigated systematically, with most studies focused on rotary piles where the heat exchanger is attached to the reinforcing cage. In this work, insights are provided about the main influences on the energy efficiency of thermoactive CFA piles, with a focus on the implications of using CFA construction techniques rather than rotary boring. An innovative three-dimensional numerical model, able to capture the different aspects of transient heat transfer, is employed together with analytical methods to evaluate the transient and steady-state behaviour of energy piles in a number of design situations. Attention is given to understanding the role of possible pipe-to-pipe interaction, which cannot be systematically investigated with standard methods. Finally, practical guidelines on the optimal choice of design parameters to maximise the energy efficiency of CFA piles, without altering the geotechnical arrangements, are provided.
Reliability analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced steep slopes
Authors: Ferreira F. B. , Topa Gomes A. , Vieira C. S. , Lopes M. L.
Published: February 2016

In slope stability analysis, the high degree of uncertainty associated with design parameters has led to increasing use of reliability-based approaches as a means of evaluating the combined effects of such uncertainties on the structure performance. In this study, the reliability level of geosynthetic-reinforced steep slopes designed according to Eurocode 7 (EC7), without any additional margin of safety, was assessed using the commercially available Slide 6.0 software based on Monte Carlo simulation. To validate the EC7 partial factor design method regarding structural reliability, the estimated reliability indexes were compared with the minimum value recommended by Eurocode 0 (EC0). Additionally, through a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the effect of variability in design parameters on slope reliability was evaluated and discussed. The results have shown that the geosynthetic-reinforced slopes designed to EC7 specifications exhibit generally an adequate reliability level according to EC0. The soil friction angle and the friction angle of the soil–geosynthetic interface and, secondly, the surcharge load, were found to be the most significant parameters for the reliability of the analysed slopes. For typical coefficients of variation of design parameters, the EC7 partial factor method tends to be conservative in terms of structural reliability. However, in situations of abnormal high variability, the partial factor methodology may lead to unsafe design, and thus reliability analyses should be implemented.
La voluntad de emprender: un estudio fenomenológico
Authors: Orrego-Correa Clara Inés
Published: February 2016

Este artículo presenta algunos resultados de la tesis doctoral “Descripción fenomenológica del emprendimiento: formación de la voluntad”, con el propósito de fundamentar el emprendimiento desde el punto de vista de la voluntad, lo que constituye una oportunidad para generar conciencia en la comunidad académica, que tradicionalmente ha tenido una visión unidisciplinar del fenómeno emprendedor, toda vez que las investigaciones sobre el emprendimiento no han dado cuenta de la dimensión humana de la voluntad. La investigación toma una muestra intencional de emprendimientos apoyados por las instituciones de educación superior de Medellín, Colombia, y luego se recurre a la dimensión empírica para el establecimiento de categorías y subcategorías a partir de las técnicas de entrevista semiestructurada y grupo focal. El hallazgo más relevante es que se comprobó como la voluntad constituye la esencia del emprendimiento, la cual se expresa en la autodeterminación y en la decisión del emprendedor por desarrollar la idea de negocio, entendida como realización de sí mismo y de su proyecto de vida.
Las sociedades portuarias regionales colombianas frente a la globalización
Authors: Soriano-Ávila Antonio , Sereno-Patiño Orlando
Published: February 2016

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como propósito mostrar el papel de las sociedades portuarias regionales colombianas frente a la globalización y su contribución al desarrollo portuario, específicamente en el contexto del comercio exterior colombiano a partir de la expedición de la Ley Primera de 1991, que a más que privatizar el sistema portuario del país, vía concesiones, diseñó nuevas estrategias que ameritan ser revisadas para evaluar su cumplimiento. La metodología es de carácter exploratorio descriptiva porque se trata de ayudar al lector a comprender mejor las políticas por su incidencia en el crecimiento económico del país. Por otra parte, la temática se aborda desde la óptica de la Comisión Económica de América Latina (CEPAL) y las políticas que ha tomado el Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (Conpes). Por tanto, se concluye que, a pesar de que existe una normatividad con las exigencias de la internacionalización, las falencias en infraestructura y las presiones ejercidas por las multinacionales neutralizan la aplicación de la normatividad existente. No obstante, la privatización ha creado un nuevo entorno que se refleja en mayor productividad y competitividad frente a otros puertos de América Latina en particular y del mundo en general.
¿Quiénes son los estudiantes de postgrado con carreras en paralelo en Brasil?
Authors: Baumer de Azevedo María Cándida
Published: February 2016

Alboher (2007) fue el primero en hablar del concepto de carreras en paralelo, que no es otra cosa que realizar estudios de más de una carrera a la vez. Más recientemente, Shuiling (2012) y Azevedo (2014) hicieron contribuciones al respecto. Los dos primeros comentaron desde la perspectiva de la persona que realiza los estudios en paralelo, también conocida como “PC holder” en inglés, mientras que el último, presenta las consecuencias que generan en las compañías el tener a personas que estudiaron dos carreras de forma simultánea en su fuerza laboral. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo cuantificar el número de personas que estudiaron dos carreras a la vez en Brasil, considerando una población de estudiantes de postgrado en las escuelas locales de negocios. La investigación mide el porcentaje de los llamados PC holders toda vez que identifica sus perfiles demográficos y hace una valoración de las razones que los llevaron a estudiar dos carreras al mismo tiempo, por medio de un enfoque cuantitativo y descriptivo que abarca a 456 personas. La investigación se limitó a estudiantes brasileros de escuelas nacionales. Dado que 27% de los profesionales mejor educados tienen carreras en paralelo, los gerentes deberían tomar esta cifra en consideración a la hora de diseñar las políticas y políticas de atracción y retención. Al analizar este tema, las organizaciones se harán mucho más atractivas no solo hacia posibles candidatos, sino hacia sus propios empleados.
Factores que inciden en la disminución en el ingreso de estudiantes en los programas de Administración de Empresas y Contaduría Pública de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Neiva
Authors: Huergo-Tobar Pedro Luis , Nicholls-Toro Óscar Augusto
Published: February 2016

El presente artículo de investigación analiza los factores incidentes en la sostenida disminución de estudiantes en los programas de Administración de Empresas y Contaduría Pública de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Neiva, Colombia, tomando en cuenta la percepción de dos tipos de población: los estudiantes actuales y los estudiantes potenciales de último grado de secundaria. El estudio se enmarca en el enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, alcance descriptivo, de corte transversal. El análisis efectuado se basa en las teorías de mercado e imagen aplicadas a organizaciones de enseñanza universitaria. Como resultado, se encontró que los factores que principalmente inciden en la disminución de ingreso de matriculados son la confianza en las habilidades por adquirir, seguido de precio, factores determinantes para elegir un programa académico en una institución de educación superior (IES).
Analysing Indian Consumers’ Online Shopping and Purchasing Behaviour
Authors: Narula Sandeep
Published: February 2016

The present study explores the online shopping and purchasing behaviour by specifically examining the demographic, computer and internet usage experiences of the respondents. Purpose sampling was used and overall 221 respondents participated in the study. Questions were asked specifically to the respondents to categorize them into buyers and online non-buyers. Another specific question stratified the buyers into four different categories– Online non shopper-Abandon, Online non shopper-Visitor, Online non shopper-Browser and Online buyer. The online buyers were stratified into ‘experience goods’ and ‘search goods buyers’. Chi Square, t-test, ANOVA were applied to recognise their demographic and technological differences and attitudinal differences in consumer and marketing behaviour. Buying intention and purchased were analysed using logistic regression.
New Paradigm of Infrastructure Services – Concerns and Issues Relating To Public Private Partnerships
Authors: Sharma Sunita
Published: February 2016

India today is plagued by inadequate infrastructure that struggles to keep up with an ever increasing population. This study highlights the importance of a new approach to infrastructure investment, through commercialization of infrastructure projects. This research paper attempts to study the international experience of Public Private Partnership (PPPs) in infrastructure programs and why India needs widespread use of PPPs and various public private initiatives in India. We also look at the performance of top fifteen companies that have adopted the PPP format. In addition, this paper identifies factors constraining private investment in the infrastructure sector, and gives suggestions for future rollout of PPPs.
Income Inequality, Ideology and Indifference of our Times
Authors: Misra Satya Narayan , Ghadai Sanjaya Kumar
Published: February 2016

High Gini Coefficient has the potential of retarding Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country besides being socially corrosive. Piketty’s master piece ‘Capital’ (2014) has debunked the myth of Kuznets’ inverted ‘U’ curve hypothesis. A recent IMF note endorses his view point and has strongly pitched for redistributive justice through tax policy. Joseph Stiglitz’s recent book ‘The Great Divide’ also brings out strongly the need for effective reforms in our democratic framework so that each country can legitimately be proud of their shared prosperity. This paper takes an overview of literature on inequality since Ricardo (1817) and provides a flavor of multiple dimensions of global inequality and India’s experience post License Quota Permit (LQP) Raj. The paper brings out the difference in the trends of rural-urban income inequality, and the multidimensional deprivations that a vast swathe of rural population suffer from. It strongly recommends a more progressive tax rate structure, imposition of high wealth tax and handsome investment in quality education. For democracy to function effectively it has to be accountable to all. The paper echoes the concerns expressed in the World Economic Forum and calls for elimination of extreme inequality as a national goal, reducing Palma Ratio as the ninth Millennium Development Goal and eschewing crony capitalism.
Modern concepts of celiac disease
Authors: Kopishinskaya S V
Published: February 2016

Celiac disease is widespread autoimmune disease, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals in case of gluten intake and manifests as enteropathy and extraintestinal signs or without symptoms. Celiac disease is recognized as one of the most common genetic diseases in the world with about 1% prevalence. The review organizes literature data concerning epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease. The historical and geographical features of the celiac disease prevalence associated with the wheat consumption and human migration are described. The disease pathogenesis caused by both genetic factors, in particular the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) type, and the environmental influence, the gluten intake. The classification uniting a number of gluten-related diseases, which differ in the development mechanism and clinical manifestations, is described. Celiac disease can clinically manifest by classic and atypical symptoms or occur in a latent form. It usually manifests in early childhood after the introduction of the cereals into diet with symptoms of chronic diarrhea, delayed growth and development. Celiac disease develops throughout life and increases morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Diagnosis is based on the presence of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, gliadin and deamidated peptides and biopsy results. An algorithm for the interpretation of the diagnostic findings in the celiac disease diagnosis is presented. Significance of gluten-free diet and new drugs in the celiac disease treatment is highlighted. Different ways to reduce the gluten toxicity for celiac patients are described, such as gliadin hydrolysis modification, gluten intake decrease, immune response activity inhibition.
Ethnic variability of bladder cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Nurgaliyev N S
Published: February 2016

Aim. To study the bladder cancer incidence in ethnic groups of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methods. The study, covering the period from 2004 to 2013, included patients with newly diagnosed and registered cases of bladder cancer. Statistical methods of cancer incidence descriptive epidemiology were used. Besides, age-specific, crude and standardized indices of bladder cancer incidence were calculated.Results.In total in 10 years 4887 patients with bladder cancer were registered in Kazakhstan. Crude incidence rate of bladder cancer among the Kazakh ethnic group was the highest in Akmola (2.2) and Kostanay (2.2) regions, as well as in Almaty (2.1 per 100 thousand population). The lowest incidence rate among indigenous ethnic groups was registered in South Kazakhstan region - 0.8 per 100 thousand population. The highest average annual incidence of bladder cancer among Russians was registered in Almaty - 11.4 per 100 thousand population. The same high figures were registered in West Kazakhstan (11.0), North Kazakhstan (10.5), Kyzylorda (10.5) and Aktobe (10.0 per 100 thousand population) regions. The lowest incidence was observed among persons of Russian nationality in the Atyrau region (4.0 per 100 thousand population). In general, the incidence among the Kazakh ethnic group was 1.59±0.41 per 100 thousand, that was significantly less than among Russians - 8.25±1.88 per 100 thousand population (pConclusion. There is considerable ethnic variability in bladder cancer incidence in Kazakhstan: the incidence among Russians 5 times higher than among Kazakhs.
Two clinical cases of nonspecific aortoarteritis
Authors: Borodina I E , Khrustaleva N B , Shardina L A
Published: February 2016

Non-specific aortoarteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the aorta and its main branches with the stenosis or occlusion development of the affected blood vessels and secondary ischemia of organs and tissues. The main clinical symptoms most often are pulselessness or low-tension pulse on one of hands, the asymmetry of brachial artery systolic blood pressure, intermittent claudication, weakness, weight loss. Non-specific aortoarteritis is an uncommon condition for general practitioners, and the disease manifestations are often interpreted as symptoms of another pathology. It causes large number of diagnostic and tactical mistakes in management of these patients. The relative rarity of nonspecific aortoarteritis becomes one of the factors determining the complexity and time lag of its diagnosis, inadequate treatment, what leads to early disability and high risk of life-threatening complications development. The article considers two clinical cases of non-specific aortoarteritis. In one of them abdominal pain syndrome is on the foreground, in the other - cephalalgia. Often clinicians consider given symptoms in young people as a manifestation of dyspepsia (in the first patient) and one of the vasoneurosis symptoms (in the second one). The difficulty in diagnosis is that there is no specific laboratory and instrumental symptoms which are pathognomonic for nonspecific aortoarteritis as in other vasculitis.
Medical detachments activities during the 2nd battle of Geok Tepe
Authors: Blokhina N N
Published: February 2016

The article presents the organization of the preparation to the 2nd Battle of Geok Tepe (also known as Akhal-Teke military expedition). The Russian Red Cross active assistance is described in the context of the forthcoming expedition. Medical tactics in the surgical treatment of wounded soldiers on the part of military surgeons is reviewed based on the memoirs of the 2nd Battle of Geok Tepe surgeons N.A. Vel’yaminov and A. Keldysh. The article describes the activity of Russian Red Cross Society authorized I.P. Balashev and S. Shakhovskiy. Thus, chief authorized I.P. Balashev traveled through the battle area, which was occupied by Russian troops at that time, and having studied the local conditions, as well as having learnt the nature of the upcoming activities had made the general provisions on the Red Cross aid organization. The military-medical care organizational structure was developed quite reasonably. Nine defenses were all along the military road from Chikishlyar to Bami, that is over 320 versts. Intermediate hospitals for the sick were arranged in each of them. The article describes the activity of Sisters of Charity, who worked in military hospitals for the wounded weal during the 2nd Battle of Geok Tepe. In February 1881 the 2nd Battle of Geok Tepe campaign was completed. Russian troops and medical services got significant experience during the 2nd Battle of Geok Tepe in 1879-1881.
24-hour arterial stiffness monitoring in comorbid patients with cardiovascular pathology
Authors: Panchenkova L A , Khamidova Kh A , Shelkovnikova M O , Yurkova T E , Rassudova N V , Ustinova M R , Kazantseva E E , Bychkova E V , Martynov A I
Published: February 2016

Aim. To evaluate 24-hour dynamics of the arterial stiffness main indicators in patients with arterial hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods. The study included 54 patients with hypertension, who formed main groups: the first group - 17 patients with hypertension amid the metabolic syndrome, the second - 21 patients with metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease, the third group - 16 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent the vascular stiffness parameters study using a multifunctional complex for the 24-hour monitoring and office measurements of blood pressure and vessels condition. At the same time blood pressure, cardiac function and vascular stiffness indicators were examined: PWVao - pulse wave velocity in the aorta (m/s); PWTT - the pulse wave transit time (m/s); Aix - augmentation index (%); Asi - the arterial stiffness index. (mmHg).Results. When comparing the 24-hour arterial stiffness dynamics indicators, changes were found in all main patients groups compared to the healthy group. Thus, a statistically significant increase in the pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWVao) in all groups of patients compared with the control group, a decrease in the index of the pulse wave transit time (PWTT) in all main groups of patients and a significant increase in arterial stiffness index (Asi) were found. When assessing the results of arterial stiffness monitoring at night time significantly larger values of the pulse wave velocity in the aorta were observed in patients with the metabolic syndrome and combination of metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. The obtained data are indicative of improvement in vascular stiffness indicators at night time in healthy individuals group, as well as maintaining a high degree of the vascular wall stiffness both in the night and in the daytime in a group of examined patients, especially in groups with the metabolic syndrome, and a combination of metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.Conclusion. 24-hour monitoring of vascular stiffness indicators in comorbid patients have revealed variability of the main indicators during the day; such arterial stiffness indicators as the pulse wave transit time, pulse wave velocity in the aorta, the arterial stiffness index, augmentation index can be used to assess early signs of the major arteries remodeling.
The role of doppler ultrasound and multislice spiral computed tomography angiography in the common form of stomach cancer diagnosis
Authors: Pulatova I Z , Isamukhamedova M A
Published: February 2016

Aim. To evaluate the results of Doppler ultrasound and multislice computed tomography angiography in patients with gastric cancer and the sensitivity of these diagnostic methods for the detection of the abdomen great vessels lesions.Methods. The study included 32 patients aged 37 to 82 years who had histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosis. The control group consisted of 30 apparently healthy people of the same age. Transabdominal ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity organs and stomach in gray-scale mode (B-mode before and after the stomach filling with degassed liquid), Doppler ultrasound of the abdomen and the stomach wall vessels, multislice spiral computed tomography angiography were performed in all patients at the preoperative stage. The analysis of the study results and their comparison with intraoperative data were conducted.Results. In patients with gastric cancer a statistically significant increase in peak systolic velocity in the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, left gastric artery and resistive index decrease in these blood vessels (p <0.05) with the presence of atypical vascularization in the affected stomach walls were registered. The data obtained during the multislice spiral computed tomography angiography were analyzed. The sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound in the preoperative detection of abdominal cavity great vessels affection in patients with gastric cancer was 77.8%, multislice spiral computed tomography angiography - 88.9%, the combination of these two methods - 96.3%.Conclusion. The analysis of used diagnostic methods of examination of patients with stomach cancer showed that Doppler ultrasound should be included in the patients examination standard to assess the abdominal cavity great vessels condition, what is important in deciding on the possibility of operative intervention; the sensitivity of the combination of dopplerography and multislice spiral computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of great vessels affection is 96.3%.
Comparative characteristics of bronchial obstruction formation trigger mechanisms in children with bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis
Authors: Gaparkhoeva Z M , Bashkina O A , Seliverstova E N
Published: February 2016

Aim. To study the comparative characteristics of the causative significant factors involved in the bronchial obstruction development in children with bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis.Methods. A cross-sectional (transversal) study of 50 children with bronchial asthma, 38 children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis was conducted. The differences and similarities of etiopathogenetic factors of the bronchial obstruction occurrence were revealed. According to medical history, in all patients regardless of the severity and duration of the disease at the time of examination, the impact of the factors, acting as triggers of bronchial asthma, according to patients, such as infectious agents, infectious allergens and aeroallergens, nighttime, climatic conditions deterioration, physical and/or emotional stress, was registered.Results. The main triggers that influence the bronchial obstruction occurrence in children with asthma were infectious factors impact, allergens and aeroallergens, and in patients with recurrent obstructive bronchitis more important in the bronchial obstruction development were infectious agents and weather conditions worsening (high humidity, fog, rain). However, unlike the other factors involved in the bronchial obstruction development in asthma, nighttime, allergens and aeroallergens did not have significant impact on the bronchial obstruction occurrence in children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis. In both groups, physical stress (jogging, gymnastics) and emotional stress (loud laugh, crying) contributed to the bronchial obstruction syndrome development with the corresponding clinical picture, but in the second group of children with recurrent obstructive bronchitis duration of cough lasted 2 times less (1-1,5 h) than in children with bronchial asthma (over 3 hours).Conclusion. Conducted comparative characteristics showed that there is a clear link with the trigger mechanisms of bronchial obstruction occurrence in bronchial asthma and recurrent obstructive bronchitis, and triggers, regardless of the severity and duration of disease, have the same effect on the recurrent obstructive bronchitis outcome.
Responsabilidad social y competitividad en las organizaciones del sector del automóvil: un enfoque de recursos humanos = Corporate social responsibility and competitiveness in the automotive sector: a focus on human resources
Authors: Martínez Navarrete José Antonio , Sánchez Hernández María Isabel
Published: February 2016

El ejercicio de la Responsabilidad Social y la divulgación de sus resultados son aspectos a tener en cuenta por las empresas en el contexto actual. Su importancia se encuentra en las diferentes ventajas competitivas que puedan obtener de la puesta en marcha voluntaria de medidas socialmente responsables, lo cual proporcionará ventajas competitivas a la empresa. Uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la responsabilidad es de índole interna, consistente en una gestión eficiente de los Recursos Humanos, proporcionando mayores índices de calidad laboral y repercutiendo directamente en la competitividad de la empresa. Con esta base teórica este trabajo analiza el sector del automóvil en España intentando determinar hasta qué punto la divulgación de acciones responsables de las empresas del sector están considerando las políticas de gestión del capital humano como un eje vertebrador de la misma.

The exercise of social responsibility and disclosure of results are issues to be considered by companies in the current context. Its importance lies in the different competitive advantages they can get from the start up of socially responsible voluntary measures, which will provide the company competitive advantages. One of the fundamental aspects of accountability is internal, consisting in the efficient management of human resources by providing higher rates of labor quality and directly affecting the competitiveness of the company. With this theoretical basis, this paper analyzes the automobile sector in Spain trying to determine to what extent the disclosure of responsible actions of companies in the sector are considering policies to manage human capital as a backbone of it
Los intersticios en la institución Jean Furtos
Authors: Furtos Jean , Cárdenas Ivette
Published: February 2016

Mediante numerosos ejemplos y experiencias personales sobre la dinámica grupal, se establece un diálogo cercano a los lectores, para aportar elementos que permitan comprender los espacios y procesos intersticiales que se presentan de manera necesaria en las instituciones, en particular, las de salud mental. Se describen tres tipos de amenaza a los intersticios: la relacionada con el management, con aspectos procedimentales, y con la fetichización del marco. En las instituciones, los intersticios se presentan como espacio-tiempos de elaboración, o como procesos. A continuación, se caracterizan tres formas de grupalidad que se pueden presentar en las instituciones en: G1, G2, G3; así como los intersticios y temporalidades que se pueden dar en ellas. Se cierra con un análisis de la relación con adolescentes, especialmente en el espacio de los Centros Día de Atención a Jóvenes. Se plantea que en muchos sentidos los jóvenes se encuentran en migración y por tanto, en una condición propicia para los procesos intersticiales que los transforman.
Estresores psicosociales y depresión mayor recurrente
Authors: Vargas Navarro Pedro , Latorre López Diana , Parra Cárdenas Samariz
Published: February 2016

En este trabajo se examinan los estresores psicosociales y la depresión recurrente a través de la revisión de la literatura básica en la materia. Se define el estrés y se clasifica desde diferentes perspectivas. El estrés es una causa de tensión y exigencia o mecanismo de adaptación.El estrés y la presentación del primer episodio depresivo están directamente relacionados, sin embargo cuando se presentan recurrencias el estrés significativo pierde fuerza dentro de los factores que lo desencadenan. Los estresores, especialmente los psicosociales, están relacionados con la presentación de recurrencias. Entre estos se destacan estresores internos y externos, por sucesos vitales, estrés de rol y las contrariedades cotidianas, la alta exigencia y el perfeccionismo. El no cumplimiento de metas es otro factor provocador de crisis en la transición del ciclo vital. El neuroticismo y el perfeccionismo, como actitudes disfuncionales provocan aislamiento y falta de soporte social. Los esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales conducen a un procesamiento erróneo de la información. La depresión es una pauta de relación que no permite encontrar formas adaptativas de enfrentar la vida y conducir las relaciones interpersonales. Aunque hay nuevas visiones que la consideran como un esfuerzo adaptativo. La comorbilidad puede hacer recurrir la depresión. Se ha sugerido que patrones maladaptativos cognitivos, en particular en interacción con estresores, podrían llevar a pobres resultados en el tratamiento de sujetos con trastorno depresivo mayor en comorbilidad con trastornos de personalidad. Estos, independientemente del estado de la depresión, han sido asociados con elevadas actitudes disfuncionales.
Perspectiva bioética y modelo biopsicosocial en la relación odontólogo-paciente durante la formación del estudiante en la Universidad El Bosque
Authors: Rangel Galvis María Clara
Published: February 2016

En este artículo presentamos una revisión en torno a la importancia de la enseñanza de la relación odontólogo-paciente, describimos los dilemas que se evidencian en la literatura sobre el desarrollo de éstas prácticas, realizamos un ejercicio reflexivo a partir de los lineamientos que rigen el currículo en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad el Bosque bajo el enfoque del modelo biopsicosocial; complementado con un programa transcurricular en bioética, formación que a pesar de tener esta orientación holística, parecen existir tensiones entre el modelo de formación y las prácticas formativas en los últimos semestres en la asistencia o en la relación estudiante-paciente-docente, repercutiendo en serias implicaciones bioéticas.  A partir de esta discusión se plantean algunas de las dificultades en la apropiación del modelo y se proponen acciones para mejorar la implementación exitosa de este en la formación docente-asistencial
Interacciones farmacológicas entre antirretrovirales y anticonvulsionantes: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Lozano Becerra Juan Carlos
Published: February 2016

Las interacciones entre medicamentos antirretrovirales y anticonvulsivantes son un problema frecuente en el tratamiento de los pacientes infectados por el VIH. Presentamos un caso clínico de interacción entre la terapia antirretroviral y fenitoína, efectuamos una revisión de la literatura.