bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of an orthopedic smart splint using nickel-titanium shape memory alloy
Authors: Alhialy Azza , H. Alkhaled Warqaa , G. Al-Sultan Tahani , H. Al-Sawaff Zaid , Kandimerli Fatma
Published: December 2022

People with broken bones suffer from symptoms of muscular atrophy as a result of a lack of movement, so it was necessary to find effective solutions due to the relative pain they cause and the difficulty of movement after healing. In this paper, we proposed a smart splint made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (SMA) wires. These alloys have unique properties compared to other materials, the most important of which is maintaining the original shape during manufacturing at a certain temperature. Temperature, pressure, as well as humidity, were analyzed and monitored while the patient wore the splint to reach the best possible results by using a microcontroller. The results showed that there was a significant improvement for the muscles in a short time when using the proposed splint, as the percentage of qualified muscle recovery increased by more than 70% when using the usual splint. The wires used had an effective role in rehabilitating these muscles by performing a permanent local massage. due to the different diameters of these wires, a different response to temperature change was recorded.
Implementation of 1D convolutional neural network for improvement remote photoplethysmography measurement
Authors: Firmansyah Riza Agung , Prabowo Yuliyanto Agung , Suheta Titiek , Muharom Syahri
Published: December 2022

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) for non-contact heart rate measurement has been widely developed and shows good development. However, motion artifact due to changes in illumination and subject movement is still the main problem. Especially when measurements are taken in real conditions. In these conditions, it will be vulnerable to rPPG signal readings with poor signal quality. So, in this paper, it is proposed to classify the signal quality using one dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN). The classification is carried out based on the extraction of the temporal features of the rPPG signal that has been obtained from the plane orthogonal to skin algorithm and the magnitude of the subject's movement when measured. The classification results are entered into a compensated network if the signal obtained shows moderate quality. The compensated network will provide a more accurate estimate of hr value. The test was carried out using a dataset of 10 subjects, each measured with 3 different types of illumination. In the experiments conducted, the system's performance showed an improvement compared to the POS algorithm alone. The experiment found that the mean absolute error measurement was 2.78, and the mean error was relative at 3.67%.
Design of novel high speed parallel prefix adder
Authors: Kumar Athur Deepak , Narayanan Bhuvanesh , Gopalakrishnan Amshuman , Palanisamy Sasipriya , Augustine Anita Angeline
Published: December 2022

Adders are crucial logical building blocks found almost in all the modern electronic system designs. In the adder architecture design, the fundamental issue is the propagation latency in the carry chain. As the length of the input operands increases, the length of the carry chain along with it. Parallel prefix adders, which address the problem of carry propagation in adders, are the most efficient adder topologies for hardware implementation. However, delay reduction still could be achieved for very high speed applications. Hence, in this paper design of 16bit novel parallel prefix adder is proposed and compared against the existing parallel prefix adder architectures. The design and simulation are carried out using xilinx vivado for field- programmable gate array (FPGA) simulation and Cadence® for ASIC. The results of ASIC implementation demonstrate 17.8% delay reduction while compared to sparse kogge-stone adder.
Automatic control speed of vehicles near schools and colleges
Authors: Niema Kamal Zahraa , Rashid Ramul Ali , Al-Baghdadi Ahmed Fahem , Neama Jasim Hawraa
Published: December 2022

Presently, accidents are increasing because people drive very quickly, therefore we have lost important lives as a result of simple driving errors near schools, colleges, and hospital zones. So, the highway authority has placed signboards in such spots to prevent similar accidents and notify drivers and manage their vehicle speed. However, it is sometimes possible to see that type of signboard, and there is a risk of an accident. The major aim of this project is to create a smart display controller that can control the vehicle's speed to prevent road accidents caused by vehicles driving too fast in an area where it is prohibited. The project is composed of two components: a transmitter unit (zone status) and a receiver unit for speed display and control. A transmitter unit is a wireless type (HC-12 wireless transceiver module), which sends signals and controls the vehicle’s receiver unit (HC-12 wireless transceiver module). A receiver unit receives data from the transmitter and analyzes the data. The controller automatically reduces the vehicle’s speed to the specified speed due to the data transfer from the transmitter to the receiver. This project supports many sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially the fourth goal "quality education" and the ninth goal industry, innovation, and infrastructure ".
On image restoration problems using new conjugate gradient methods
Authors: A. Hassan Basim , A. Alashoor Haneen
Published: December 2022

The nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm is one of the effective algorithms for optimization since it has low storage and simple structure properties. The coefficient conjugate is the basis of conjugate gradient algorithms with the desirable conjugate property. In this manuscript, we have derived a new second order information for the Hessian from objective function, which can give a new search direction. Based on new search direction, we have proposed the update formula interesting and nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Under wolfe line search and mild assumptions on objective function, the method possess sufficient descent property and are always globally convergent. Numerical results show that the method is effective and competitive to recover the original image from an image corrupted by impulse noise.
Segmentation of data when analyzing the state of telecommunication systems
Authors: Lebedev Ilya , Rzayev Babyr
Published: December 2022

The identification of abnormal situations in information and telecommunication systems is considered, based on analyze statistical information of network traffic packages. The method of identifying an anomalous situation based on segmentation of data sample is proposed. The method is aimed at using classifying algorithms that have the best quality indicators on individual data segments. The proposed method will be useful for monitoring information security systems. The method registers of factors that affect the change in the properties of targeted variables. Impact detection allows you to generate data samples, depending on current and expected situations. On the example of the NSL-KDD dataset, there was a division of many data into subset, taking into account the influence of the factors on the range of values. The processing of factors is shown using the change point detection function in the time series. With its use, a division of data sample by the final number of non-intersecting measurable subsets has been made. The results of Accuracy, Precision, F-Measure, Recall for various classifiers are shown. The proposed method allows to increase the quality indicators of classification in continuously changing operating conditions of telecommunication systems.
A quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output system for underlay or interweave cognitive radio
Authors: Wajeeh Abdullah Laith , Hadi Kareem Qasim , Hasan Sallomi Adheed
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a four-element frequency reconfigurable antenna system that is novel in terms of gathering both underlay and interweave cognitive radio in a single multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) design. Built on a 50×38×0.8 mm3 Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, this system is constructed of two scanning elements to sense ultra-wide band (UWB) with controllable band notching capabilities and two elements act as communication antennas. Eighteen MIMO modes can be provided depending on the state of the five positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes in each sensing antenna and the four PIN diodes in each communication antenna. These include a scanning UWB mode, fourteen modes to notch WiMax/Cband/wireless local area network (WLAN)/Xband/ITU in single/dual/triple/quad band rejection states and three interweave modes where each targeting one of the regions of WiMax/Cband/WLAN. Simulated by CST v.10; results like input reflection coefficient and realized gain verify system's capability to work in each operation mode. Moreover, mutual coupling, envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain all evidence the performance of the proposed system as a MIMO system. Results, simple and compact profile, wide and flexile range of MIMO operation modes in line with the novelty to handle both underlay and interweave cognitive radio all nominate this system as promising to fulfill the needs of modern wireless communications.
Design of traveling wave slotted waveguide array antenna with high efficiency
Authors: Shyaa Jasim Mohammed Najat , Hadi Jaber Manal
Published: December 2022

The slotted waveguide antenna is one of the most important antennas used in high-frequency applications, in radars, navigation systems, remote sensing systems and communications because of its efficiency and high gains. In this paper, the slotted waveguide antenna was designed and simulated with suitable specifications with a working frequency range of 2-2.45 where this antenna was checked by plotting S parameters in the designed frequency band and we got a very good reflection coefficient for the designed antenna (S11) at the operating frequency, draw and illustrate the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the designed antenna that shows the gain and bandwidth at the operating frequency. The performance of a 9-element slotted waveguide array antenna with an operating frequency of up to 12 GHz was also investigated by plotting the S11 parameters and illustrating the designed antenna directivity diagram.We obtained the reflection coefficient of the designed array antenna (S11) below -23 dB at the operating frequency, and the SWG antenna directivity pattern with a maximum value of=13.2 dB and a minimum value of=-23 dB.
Microstrip patch antennas for various applications: a review
Authors: Sohel Rana Md. , Hossain Sifat , Biswas Rana Shuvashis , Mostafizur Rahman Md.
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to review microstrip antennas for various applications. The design of microstrip patch antennas is a new research field developed for use in 5th generation communication applications. An antenna is a collection of multiple devices connected together that function as a single antenna to send or receive radio waves. Antennas can be of different shapes and sizes. The microstrip patch is an antenna pattern that is light in weight, low profile, and focuses on producing results. In the future, microstrip patch antennas may be used for some 6G communication systems applications. In addition, 6G communication applications can be created on other devices, including biomedical, autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, internet of things (IoT), machine learning, Artificial Neural Network Algorithms, radar, and wireless communication. In the past, the multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) pattern was a standard geometry used in 4G wireless applications. This paper discusses the geometric structures of antennas, various analysis methods for antenna characteristics, antenna dimensions, and many different types of antennas. Also, it will discuss the previous papers' substrate materials, loss tangent, thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage-standing-wave-ratio (VSWR), gain, and directivity.
Linear precoder optimization of spectral efficiency of time division duplex hyper MIMO system with pilot contamination
Authors: Mvodo Martin Paulin Zanga , Same Louis Christian Koko , Dikoundou Jean-François Essiben
Published: December 2022

Our work is developed in context of studing Massive MIMO in a 5G context. The aim is to optimize spectral efficiency of several users hyper MIMO system during Uplink communication in a multi-cell contaminated pilot environment, using a new type of precoders called single cell-minimum mean square eroor (S-MMSE) and multicell-minimum mean square eroor (MMMSE). Indeed, we address two key and well-known issues of massive multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) environments in a test-driven development (TDD) operation scheme, namely acquisition of uplink channel state information (UL) and optimisation of the bit stream per unit frequency, the spectral efficiency (SE). From a practical point of view, these two notions are inclusively linked. Indeed, a very good channel estimation leads to a better spectral efficiency. In our approcah, we derive from the minimum mean square error estimator (MMSE) to two new types of precoders that can operate in a multicell environment with a contaminated pilot sequence, namely the SMMSE and the M-MMSE. A comparative study performance of these classical precoders such as regulated zero forcing (RZF), ZF (Zero Forcing) and MR (Minimum Ratio) encountered in multi-antenna processing shows an improvement of nearly 51% in terms of system gain and spectral efficiency.
VM queuing optimal scheduling in cloud using heuristic ant colony optimal based multi-objective genetic approach
Authors: Banu Dawood Ali Madhina , Syed Mohamed Enayathullah
Published: December 2022

The usages of cloud based applications are increasing tremendously. The cloud computing task distribution is an unknown polynomial time issue that is challengeable to find the optimal solution. In solve above mentioned issue with large amount user’s job requests, heuristic ant colony optimal based multi-objective genetic (HACOMOG) approach based job allocation and resource optimization is proposed. Utilization basis scheduler recognizes the task order and optimal resources to be scheduled. The primary contribution of the proposed technique is to develop several online techniques to find solution for the virtual machines (VM) Packing problem sharing-aware and for performing a comprehensive number of studies in order to assess their efficiency with online sharing algorithms. The proposed algorithm considers the utilization basis scheduler output and identified the optimzed task allocation technique based on job execution time, MakeSpan and throughput. The experimental outcomes show that the proposed HACOMOG Algorithm reduces 0.70 seconds job execution time (JET), 0.13 MakeSpan and improve 1.98 throughput on given parameters for 100, 200, and 500 tasks with conventional methodologies.
Machine learning prediction of video-based learning with technology acceptance model
Authors: Abdul Rahman Rahayu , Masrom Suraya , Hafiza Abd Samad Nor , M. Daud Rulfah , Meutia Evi
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 outbreak has significant impacts on education system as almost all countries shift to new way of teaching and learning; online learning. In this new environment, various innovative teaching methods have been created to deliver educational material in ensuring the learning outcomes such as video content. Thus, this research aims to implement machine learning prediction models for video-based learning in higher education institutions. Using survey data from 103 final year accounting students at Malaysian public university, this paper presents the fundamental frameworks of evaluating three machine learning models namely generalized linear model, random forest and decision tree. Besides demography attributes, the performance of each machine learning algorithm on the video-based learning usage has been observed based on the attributes of technology acceptance model namely perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude. The findings revealed that the perceived ease of use has given the highest weight of contributions to the generalized linear model and random forest while the major effects in decision tree has been given by the attitude variable. However, generalized linear model outperformed the two algorithms in term of the prediction accuracy.
Agri-PAD: a scalable framework for smart agriculture
Authors: Qamar Tehreem , Zakaria Bawany Narmeen
Published: December 2022

More recently, big data tools and technologies have been applied in the agriculture sector leading to major benefits. Many frameworks have been proposed that employ big data technologies in the field of agriculture, however, such existing frameworks are focused on a particular aspect of agriculture and do not consider multiple stakeholders and applications. The objective of this research is to develop a holistic framework named Agri-PAD that encompasses almost all aspects of agriculture including crop selection, crop monitoring, soil monitoring, weather conditions, precision farming, and market demand. The Agri-PAD framework includes three major categories of machine learning based agriculture applications that is precision, recommendation, and enterprise applications. The Agri-PAD framework is capable of providing remote sensing of fields, precision farming, effective supply chain, and support informed decision making leading to enhanced productivity. To validate the efficacy of the proposed framework, the two most prominent agricultural applications, crop production forecasting and crop harvesting recommendation have been investigated and accuracy of 99% has been achieved. We believe that the Agri-PAD framework enables all stakeholders in the agriculture cycle to connect and apply big data analytics at every step leading to a more efficient and smarter agriculture ecosystem.
Improved services traceability and management of a food value chain using block-chain network: a case of Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Akazue Maureen , Elizabeth Yoro Rume , Ogheneovo Malasowe Bridget , Nwankwo Obinna , Arnold Ojugo Arnold
Published: December 2022

Competitive asset markets and increased globalization have continued to ripple the food value chain with complex dynamics, which has led to a range of challenges such as food safety and quality, traceability, and overall supply chain inefficiency. These have further continued to endanger the general well-being of society. With rice as a staple food in Nigeria, the rice food supply value chain consists of a series of tasks, processes, and activities that are linked together from freshly harvested products to consumer demand and supply. Study advances the SmartRice, a sensor-based block-chain framework that decentralizes as well as provides a decision-support for the food supply value chain process by first ensuring that accurate data of harvested goods are reported, and passed on to a chain. The study advances a decentralized framework to eliminate various forms of fraud rippled across the existing centralized system, minimize corruption through its sensor-based layered model as well as minimize the error in reported data along the value chain.
A detailed survey regarding the usage of different ICT technology modes adopted by higher education institutions
Authors: Khajuria Rakshit , Sharma Anuj , Sharma Ashok
Published: December 2022

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) in all aspects of life have become the tools that are present everywhere and in a ubiquitous manner. Over the last twenty to thirty years, it has been noticed that the application of ICT has significantly changed the procedures and courses of almost all the higher education institutions. The higher education field is a highly socially-focused practice and providing quality education is traditionally been linked with the efficient teacher and their capacity for a high level of one-on-one contact with students. The use of ICT in higher education allows for more student-centered learning settings. Due to the reason that the world is quickly developing into a digital place with a huge level of digital information, however, the role of ICT in higher education is becoming increasingly significant and will persistently to grow and evolve in the 21st century. The application of ICT in the teaching and learning process, as well as its effective usage in higher education, depends on a variety of tools and techniques. In this paper, a detailed analysis of various modes adopted by the institutions of higher education is made.
COVID-19 detection based on convolution neural networks from CT-scan images: a review
Authors: Ramadhan Ibrahim Walat , Ramiz Mahmood Mayyadah
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak has been affecting the health of people all around the world. With the number of confirmed cases and deaths still rising daily, so the main aim is to detect positive cases as soon as and provide them with the necessary treatment. The utilization of imaging data including chest x-rays and computed tomography (CT) was proven that is would be beneficial for quickly diagnosing COVID-19. Since Computerized Tomography provides a huge number of images, recognizing these visual traits would be difficult and take enormous amounts of time for radiologists so automated diagnosis technologies including deep learning (DL) models are recently for COVID-19 screening in CT scans. This review paper presents different researches which used deep learning approaches including various models of convolutional neural networks (CNN) used in image classification tasks well, and large training, like ResNet, VGG, AlexNet, LeNet, GoogleNet, and others for COVID-19 diagnosing and severity assessments using chest CT images. As a result, automated COVID-19 analysis on CT images is essential to save medical personnel and essential time for disease prevention.
Deep learning approach for detecting and localizing brain tumor from magnetic resonance imaging images
Authors: Shah. Md. Nazmul Arefin Abu Shahed , Mohd. Ishtiaque Ahammed Khan Ishti Shah , Akter Mst. Marium , Jahan Nusrat
Published: December 2022

Brain is the most important part of the nervous system. Brain tumor is mainly a mass or growth of abnormal tissues in a brain. Early detection of brain tumor can reduce complex treatment process. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) are used to detect brain tumor. In this paper, we have introduced a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatic brain tumor segmentation using MRI medical images which can solve the vanishing gradient problem. Classifying the brain MRI images with Resnet-50 and InceptionV3 in order to identify whether there is tumor or not. After this step, we have compared the accuracy level of both of the CNN models. Thereafter, applied U-Net architecture individually with encoder Resnet-50 and InceptionV3 to avieved promising results. The publicly available low grade gliomas (LGG) segmentation dataset has been utilized to test the model. Before applying the model on the MRI images preprocessing and several augmentation techniques have been done to obtain quality a dataset. U-net architecture with InceptionV3 provided 99.55% accuracy. On the other hand, our proposed method U-net with encoder ResNet-50 showed 99.77% accuracy.
Smart power switch using internet of things
Authors: Khalid Eid Abougamea Abdulaziz , Chun Lim Siow
Published: December 2022

The increase in electricity consumption coupled with the lack of a convenient way to assist the consumers to lower their electricity consumption is a growing concern. Smart internet of things (IoT)-based devices has been developed in this regard. However, no specific standards were followed, and this is a problem for the consumer as they have to own different smart device from different brands which results in higher cost. To solve these issues, a smart power switch using IoT is proposed. The system consists of microcontroller (ESP32), relay and current sensor (ACS712). The ACS712 measures the current of the appliance. The ESP32 then send these readings to server. Whenever the ESP32 receives switching commands from the cloud platform, ESP32 will activate the relay and hence switching the appliance. The cloud platform is linux based virtual private server (VPS) running on Django Python and structured query language (SQL) ite database. The mobile application built using flutter to allow both iOS and android users to use the app to control and monitor the normal appliances. The server, circuit and mobile application have showed a real-time data exchange, fast response, numerical, graphical consumption presentation and capable of setting energy or power limit for the appliance to not exceed.
Preserving Traditional Games of Margala through Tourism Saka Activities in Toba Samosir District
Authors: Siregar Ernawati Hadi Suriyani , Gultom Ibrahim , Baiduri Ratih
Published: December 2022

Aim: This study aims to describe an activity that involves Scouting activities, namely Saka Pariwisata, in preserving traditional games, especially the traditional game of Margala in Toba Samosir Regency. Method: This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The problem-solving method is carried out by participatory observation through the Tourism Saka Camp activities. The steps are situation analysis, socialization, and implementation of the traditional game of margala. The author mingles in Saka Tourism activities during the activity. Determination of informants by purposive sampling by taking 3 (three) Scout members who are members of Saka Pariwisata who participate in traditional game activities. Result: Based on the data, it can be explained that the first informant said that the Saka Wisata activities in preserving the Margala game in Toba Regency had a positive impact because the Saka Tourism Scout Members in Toba Regency began to be involved in the preservation of traditional games by making and participating in events and inviting other youth to participate in the game traditional. The second informant added that adolescents who are members of Saka Pariwisata began to slowly switch from playing gadgets online to traditional games with high cultural value. Furthermore, the third informant explained that the effort to inherit the traditional game of margala was to invite other youth to participate in Saka Pariwisata sustainably. After this activity, it is hoped that teenagers will no longer be addicted to playing online gadgets that have proven insufficient for health.
The Role of Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM) in Developing Public Information Literacy in Pandeglang Regency
Authors: Annisarizki Annisarizki , Mardiana Siska
Published: December 2022

The establishment of KelompokInformasiMasyarakat (KIM) in Pandeglang Regency by the Pandeglang Regency Communication, Code and Statistics Office is expected to be a mouthpiece between the Pandeglang Regency Government and disadvantaged rural communities in developing information literacy. Through a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods, this study focuses on the role of KIM in developing information literacy in underdeveloped villages. This study seeks to find out the role of KIM in conducting information literacy about the Pandeglang Regency government program. The results of the study show the role of KIM in developing information literacy for the people of Pandeglang Regency, collecting, informing and managing information about programs that are being and will be run by the Pandeglang Regency government in 16 underdeveloped villages that are still difficult to access the internet, such as educating about COVID-19, conducting program socialization " JakaMantul". The recommendation of this research is for KIM to carry out its role more massively by utilizing various media in disseminating information in underdeveloped villages.
História, direito, política, música e arte: onde o povo brasileiro?
Authors: Buitoni Dulcilia Helena Schroeder , Bagolin Luiz Armando , Garcia Walter
Published: December 2022

Editorial da Revista do IEB 83 - História, direito, política, música e arte: onde o povo brasileiro?
Veríssimo, crítico do simbolismo (1899-1901)
Authors: Simões Junior Alvaro Santos
Published: December 2022

De 1899 a 1901, José Veríssimo atuou como crítico literário titular dos periódicos Jornal do Commercio e Correio da Manhã, ambos do Rio de Janeiro. Escrevendo resenhas alentadas sobre os lançamentos literários da virada de século, Veríssimo teve oportunidade de apreciar livros de poesia simbolista publicados por discípulos ou admiradores de Cruz e Sousa. A análise de suas resenhas de livros simbolistas pretende demonstrar sumariamente que o crítico paraense aproveitava essas oportunidades para avaliar direta ou indiretamente a obra do poeta negro.
As fotografias de Mário de Andrade com o robe de chambre
Authors: Casarin Carolina
Published: December 2022

O artigo apresenta uma análise das fotografias de Mário de Andrade vestido com o robe de chambre em casa. Guardado no Arquivo do IEB, o “Lote Mário de Andrade em casa” tem nove documentos fotográficos que retratam o autor de Pauliceia desvairada com o robe de chambre em casa, sempre em ação. Nas cenas fotografadas, o intelectual está cercado de obras de arte, livros, objetos de estudo e trabalho. Ao repassar as publicações por onde essas fotos circularam, pretendi analisar os regimes de visibilidade da imagem do escritor projetada por Mário de Andrade nessas fotografias, e a política da pose no sentido de afirmação do lugar do intelectual. Trata-se de uma pesquisa incipiente, a ser desenvolvida no âmbito do programa de pós-doutorado do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da USP.
Aprendendo a viver: Diários, 1935-1936, de Eunice Penna Kehl
Authors: Mendes Mariana Diniz
Published: December 2022

Diários, 1935-1936 reúne a escrita inaugural de Eunice Penna Kehl (1901-1980), uma mulher culta, de classe média, que registrou seu dia a dia entre 1935 e 1970, em 14 cadernos. Publicados na íntegra, os dois primeiros volumes trazem as anotações da diarista sobre a vida familiar, social e a rotina doméstica, quando morava com o marido e os filhos no Rio de Janeiro. O trauma vivido por Eunice com a morte do primogênito, causada por uma septicemia, em outubro de 1935, marca os diários em antes e depois. A resenha discute essa mudança e a prática do diário sob a perspectiva foucaultiana do exercício de si.
A centralização do poder em Portugal: “uma tragédia ou epopeia que começou cedo”
Authors: Coelho Maria Filomena
Published: December 2022

As abordagens propostas por António Manuel Hespanha relativamente ao exercício do poder em Portugal, no período do chamado Antigo Regime, tiveram forte impacto historiográfico, com instigantes desdobramentos que se podem apreciar até hoje na produção intelectual dedicada à Idade Moderna e aos estudos coloniais. A maneira inovadora como ele propôs a mudança de perspectiva, de uma tradição interpretativa de tipo centralista, para outra, de cunho pluralista, propiciou resultados muito mais operativos para se conhecer a complexidade das estruturas e lógicas do poder. Entretanto, tal proposta não teve a mesma repercussão entre os medievalistas, que continuam a preferir a matriz centralista como forma do passado.
Ampliando as fontes: António Manuel Hespanha e a literatura jurídica portuguesa da Idade Moderna
Authors: Cabral Gustavo César Machado
Published: December 2022

Este artigo pretende discutir algumas questões metodológicas nas obras de António Manuel Hespanha (1945-2019), particularmente no que se refere às fontes que devem ser utilizadas pelos historiadores do direito especializados na Idade Moderna. O foco principal será a literatura jurídica portuguesa moderna, uma espécie de fonte que foi bastante negligenciada durante os anos em que Hespanha escreveu os seus primeiros trabalhos de impacto. A fim de compreender esse ponto, dois textos foram relevantes para este estudo, nomeadamente “Para uma teoria da história  institucional do Antigo Regime” (1984) e Como os juristas viam o mundo (2015), nenhum deles costumeiramente mencionados como trabalhos canônicos do autor.
Native and Post-Repair Residual Mitral Valve Prolapse Increases Forces Exerted on the Papillary Muscles: A Possible Mechanism for Localized Fibrosis?
Authors: Park Matthew H. , van Kampen Antonia , Melnitchouk Serguei , Wilkerson Robert J. , Nagata Yasufumi , Zhu Yuanjia , Wang Hanjay , Pandya Pearly K. , Morningstar Jordan E. , Borger Michael A. , Levine Robert A. , Woo Y. Joseph
Published: December 2022

Background:

Recent studies have linked mitral valve prolapse to localized myocardial fibrosis, ventricular arrhythmia, and even sudden cardiac death independent of mitral regurgitation or hemodynamic dysfunction. The primary mechanistic theory is rooted in increased papillary muscle traction and forces due to prolapse, yet no biomechanical evidence exists showing increased forces. Our objective was to evaluate the biomechanical relationship between prolapse and papillary muscle forces, leveraging advances in ex vivo modeling and technologies. We hypothesized that mitral valve prolapse with limited hemodynamic dysfunction leads to significantly higher papillary muscle forces, which could be a possible trigger for cellular and electrophysiological changes in the papillary muscles and adjacent myocardium.

Methods:

We developed an ex vivo papillary muscle force transduction and novel neochord length adjustment system capable of modeling targeted prolapse. Using 3 unique ovine models of mitral valve prolapse (bileaflet or posterior leaflet prolapse), we directly measured hemodynamics and forces, comparing physiologic and prolapsing valves.

Results:

We found that bileaflet prolapse significantly increases papillary muscle forces by 5% to 15% compared with an optimally coapting valve, which are correlated with statistically significant decreases in coaptation length. Moreover, we observed significant changes in the force profiles for prolapsing valves when compared with normal controls.

Conclusions:

We discovered that bileaflet prolapse with the absence of hemodynamic dysfunction results in significantly elevated forces and altered dynamics on the papillary muscles. Our work suggests that the sole reduction of mitral regurgitation without addressing reduced coaptation lengths and thus increased leaflet surface area exposed to ventricular pressure gradients (ie, billowing leaflets) is insufficient for an optimal repair.
Reduction of Cirsium fangii (Asteraceae, Cardueae) to the synonymy of C. leo and description of a new species, C. sichuanense, from Sichuan, China
Authors: JIN ZI-CHAO , CHEN YOU-SHENG
Published: December 2022

Based on critical observations on herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Cirsium fangii (Asteraceae, Cardueae) is a synonym of C. chienii and both should be placed in the synonymy with C. leo. Moreover, we found that most of the specimens previously identified as C. fangii from Sichuan are different from its type material by an array of characters and represent a new species. We name the new species as C. sichuanense and describe it herein.
A new combination in Serjania (Sapindaceae, Paullinieae) endemic to Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: FERRUCCI MARÍA S. , URDAMPILLETA JUAN D.
Published: December 2022

A new combination, Serjania urvilleoides based on Cardiospermum urvilleoides (Sapindaceae, Paullinieae) is proposed. We are able to establish this new combination, on the basis of recent molecular evidence, complemented with carpological and seminal characters which are described for the first time. This species is endemic to Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is compared to its putative closest relative. In addition, illustrations, micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis, distribution map and conservation status are provided.
New taxa of the genus Phyllostachys (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from east China
Authors: LAI GUANG-HUI , YUE JIN-JUN
Published: December 2022

Phyllostachys viridivagina and P. hirtivagina var. glabrivagina, a species and a variety of Phyllostachys from east China, are described as new to science. Phyllostachys viridivagina is very particular in P. sect. Phyllostachys, and is easily distinguished from the other species of this section by young culms without pruina, greenish, sparsely brown spotted and abaxially glabrous culm leaf sheaths without pruina and with obvious veins, and apically shortly white ciliate culm leaf ligules. Phyllostachys hirtivagina var. glabrivagina is different from P. hirtivagina var. hirtivagina in having abaxially glabrous culm leaf sheaths and narrowly falcate culm leaf auricles.
Palpoxena hajeki sp. nov., a remarkable new species from Malaysia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: BEZDĚK JAN
Published: December 2022

Palpoxena hajeki sp. nov. from continental Malaysia, characterised by completely reddish brown body and deeply excavated anterior of male head with a pair of large twisted tufts of setae, is described and compared with the similar species. Colour photos of habitus, body details and penis are presented.
Changes and Mechanisms of Long-Lived Warm Blobs in the Northeast Pacific in Low-Warming Climates
Authors: Tang Cong , Shi Jian , Zhang Yu , Wang Shengpeng , Li Chun , Lu Riyu , Yu Tengfei , Wang Ruiqi , Chen Ziyan
Published: December 2022

In the last decade, three persistent warm blob events (2013/14, 2015, and 2019/20) in the northeast Pacific (NEP) have been hotly debated given their substantial effects on climate, ecosystems, and the socioeconomy. This study investigates the changes of such long-lived NEP warm blobs in terms of their intensity, duration, structure, and occurrence frequency under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 119 and 126 low-warming scenarios of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Results show that the peak timing of the warm blobs shifts from the cold season to boreal summer. For the summer-peak warm blobs, their maximum intensity increases by 6.7% (10.0%) under the SSP119 (SSP126) scenario, but their duration reduces by 31.0% (20.4%) under the SSP119 (SSP126) scenario. In terms of their vertical structure, the most pronounced temperature signal is located at the surface, and their vertical penetration is mostly confined to the mixed layer, which becomes shallower in warming climates. Based on a mixed layer heat budget analysis, we reveal that a shoaling mixed layer depth plays a dominant role in driving the stronger intensity of the warm blobs under low-warming scenarios, while the stronger magnitude of ocean heat loss after their peaks explains the faster decay and thus shorter duration. Regarding occurrence frequency, the total number of the warm blobs does not change robustly in the low-warming climates. Following the summer peak of the warm blobs, extreme El Niño events may occur more frequently under the low-warming scenarios, possibly through stronger air–sea coupling induced by tropical Pacific southwesterly anomalies.
Rhodamine 6G–Anionic Surfactant System Modified by Triton X-100 for Fluorescence Determination of Albumin
Authors: Klovak Viktoriia , Kulichenko Sergey , Lelyushok Serhii
Published: December 2022

The influence of sodium hexadecyl sulfate on the nature of the fluorescence spectra of rhodamine 6G in an aqueous solution and a solution of nonionic Triton X-100 was investigated. The change in the nature of the emission spectra is explained by the formation of hydrophobic stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric reagent-surfactant associates. Stabilization of the colloid-chemical state and reduction of the total turbidity of rhodamine 6G–anionic surfactant associate solutions with the addition of nonionic surfactant as a modifier were registered. The method of modification of the rhodamine 6G–sodium hexadecyl sulfate system with a nonionic surfactant was used in the development of conditions for the fluorescence determination of protein substances in physiological solutions. The concentration conditions for the use of the modified reagent system rhodamine 6G–anionic surfactant–nonionic surfactant for the fluorescence determination of albumin in urine were optimized.
Student Preferences of Virtual and Live Learning Laboratory Experiences
Authors: Kelling Angela S. , Kelling Nicholas J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Given the increased emphasis on active learning in psychology, it is important to use data to enhance these experiences. In learning courses, both live animals and virtual training laboratories have been found to enhance learning, but less research has examined student preferences. Generally, live rats are preferred, but students may resist these experiences. Additionally, both laboratory types have drawbacks.

Objective

This study examined student preferences for learning laboratory experiences.

Method

The current study surveyed students to understand preferences between laboratory experiences and within a virtual program. Specifically, students were asked preference for species and between realistic and cartoon versions.

Results

Participants preferred live animals, but the difficulties of working with live animals may require the use of virtual laboratory programs. For those programs, students preferred realistic dogs. Additionally, based on these preferences a pilot program was designed and tested in a class. The students supported the inclusion of the program for similar classes and provided feedback for improvement.

Conclusion

Live animal laboratories are worthwhile when feasible, but well-designed virtual programs can be beneficial for engaging and impactful learning experiences.

Teaching Implications

Instructors should consider using live or virtual animal laboratories for psychology of learning courses.
Hamster polyomavirus-associated T-cell lymphomas in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Ito Soma , Chambers James K. , Son Nguyen Vu , Kita Chiaki , Ise Ken-ichiro , Miwa Yasutsugu , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Uchida Kazuyuki
Published: December 2022

Hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) infection has been associated with lymphomas in Syrian hamsters. In the present study, 14 cases of lymphoma in pet Syrian hamsters were pathologically examined and the involvement of HaPyV was investigated. Among 14 cases, 11 were abdominal and 3 were cutaneous lymphomas. The average ages of hamsters with abdominal lymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma were 7 months (range: 4-12 months) and 14 months (range: 6-23 months), respectively. Histologically, abdominal lymphomas were characterized by the diffuse growth of tumor cells with intermediate or large nuclei, low mitotic rates, the presence of tingible body macrophages, and the T-cell immunophenotype. Furthermore, 4/11 abdominal lymphomas were immunopositive for T-cell intracellular antigen-1, suggesting cytotoxic T-cell lymphomas. Cutaneous lymphomas were diagnosed as nonepitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected HaPyV DNA in 12/14 samples, and a sequence analysis of PCR amplicons confirmed >99% nucleotide identity to the published HaPyV sequences. In situ hybridization (ISH) for HaPyV DNA resulted in diffuse nuclear signals within tumor cells in 10/14 cases. Consistent with previous findings, all HaPyV-associated lymphomas were observed in the abdominal cavity of young hamsters. Polymerase chain reaction and ISH were useful for identifying the involvement of HaPyV in lymphomas, and ISH results indicated the presence of episomal HaPyV in neoplastic lymphocytes. The present study suggests that HaPyV infection is highly involved in abdominal lymphomas in young pet Syrian hamsters in Japan and provides diagnostic information on HaPyV-associated lymphoma.
5-Lipoxygenase Contributes to Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Huang Yun , Wang Jing , Huang Shaoling , Zhang Xinge , Hu Jianan
Published: December 2022

Metabolic activation of indirect-acting carcinogens in target organs is a recognized mechanism of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to determine the role of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolism enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), and prostaglandin synthetase (PGS) in the cytotoxicity and DNA damage induced by BaP in the human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) using RNA interference strategy and metabolic enzyme inhibitors. Our results showed that in three epithelial cell lines (HBE, HTR-8/SVneo, and HaCat), BaP significantly upregulated 5-LOX protein expression. 15-LOX-2 expression also increased with increasing BaP concentration, but the change was less pronounced than that of 5-LOX. BaP caused significant cytotoxicity, DNA strand breaks, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in HBE, which was inhibited by 5-LOXshRNA, a specific inhibitor of 5-LOX (AA861), the CYP1A1 inhibitor α-naphthoflavone, and the PGS inhibitor naproxen. The protective effects of 5-LOXshRNA were stronger than AA861, naproxen and α-naphthoflavone. We conclude that BaP may be activated more by 5-LOX than by CYP1A1 and PGS to produce cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HBE.
Principles for Stakeholder Involvement in Evaluation in Latin America
Authors: Espinosa-Fajardo Julia , Rodríguez-Bilella Pablo , Tapella Esteban
Published: December 2022

In the last three decades, the promotion of stakeholder involvement in evaluation has been gaining relevance in the Latin American and internationally, across varied agencies, institutions, and civic organizations. The 2030 Agenda and the Global Evaluation Agenda have also recognized the centrality of participation in evaluation. This article explores stakeholder involvement in evaluation based on collaborative work with stakeholders from 15 evaluative experiences. It shows what characterizes participatory evaluation in the region today and the principles of this practice.
Children’s spaces in pages: Examining spatiality in COVID-19-themed children’s books
Authors: Andal Aireen Grace
Published: December 2022

This article examines spatiality in selected children’s books about COVID-19. Spatiality is an important lens because the coronavirus pandemic is a crisis related to distancing and mobility restrictions—spatial matters. Benedict Anderson’s notion of imagined communities was adopted as a framework to how children’s books present community belongingness within the spatial restrictions imposed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a content analysis of pandemic-related children’s books published in early 2020 ( n = 51), this paper explores the sense of community in three everyday spaces: ‘inside’ (home), ‘outside’ (outdoors), and ‘in-betweens’ (windows and digital space). Findings reveal a two-fold observation: (1) children’s books show how the ‘normal’ in everyday space is disrupted; and (2) layers of imagined communities manifest within the everyday spaces depicted in the books examined. These findings offer insights that while children’s literature and geography are different disciplines, there is much to be explored about spaces in children’s lives from writers and illustrators of children’s books. Likewise, a geographical lens can substantiate discussions in children’s literature by unpacking relationships of characters based on the spaces they occupy. With these in mind, it is hoped that conversations about spatial discourses in children’s books flourish from this initial exploration.