bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a comprehensive model for new energy replacement in the country’s development program using a robust optimization approach
Authors: Jalalimajidi Mohsen , Seyedhosseini SM , Makui Ahmad , Babakhani Masoud
Published: April 2018

Iran has numerous capabilities in producing new and renewable energies due to its geographical location. This stresses a robust optimization pattern to develop the use of renewable energies. The main aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive pattern for energy in two scenarios: maintenance of status quo or transition to replaceable energies by applying energy replacement modeling in Iran. Therefore, a set of basic and structural issues, required area for energy and environmental location, were investigated to arrange an appropriate strategic framework for new energy development. Following energy system modeling by benchmarking against the world’s optimized systems of energy, strategic program of energy has been done through a review of the present situation of energy of Iran. To replace the fossil fuels by renewable energies, a robust optimization model was designed and the replacement optimization routes for new energies to replace fossil fuels were put into scenarios in a period of time in Iran. Implementing and developing a comprehensive model for energy and using simulation for validation and adaptation of the obtained results, some scenarios were offered for the renewable energy transitions. Evaluating the results of the findings suggests broad concepts of energy. Development might be observed in the results of models. The result of this study depicts that Iran owns a large number of potentials to use new energies. The long-term optimization pattern of results proposes 15% of electricity is taken from solar energy in the 1404.
Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction With Flow-Mediated Dilatation in Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Yildiz Abdulkerim , Güryildirim Melike , Pepeler Mehmet Sezgin , Yazol Merve , Oktar Suna Özhan , Acar Kadir
Published: April 2018

Background:

Thrombosis is the most important cardiovascular complication of classical myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is known to play a major role in the mechanism of thrombophilia in MPDs.

Methods:

Endothelial dysfunction and its associations with other parameters were investigated. A total of 18 patients with polycythemia vera (PV), 24 with essential thrombocytosis (ET), 7 with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and 30 healthy patients as a control group were included in the study. To assess the ED, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measurements were used.

Results:

The FMD (%) result showing ED was determined as 9.9 (0.0-21.6) in the patients with PV, 7.3 (0.0-30.5) in patients with ET, 7.5 (0.0-18.0) in patients with PMF, and 13.9 (6.2-26.7) in the control group. The FMD (%) was markedly impaired in all patients with MPD compared to the control patients (7.8 [0.0-30.5] vs 13.9 [6.15-26.8], P = .02). According to the disease subtypes, FMD (%) was significantly lower in the ET group than in the control group ( P = .01).

Conclusion:

Endothelial function was assessed in patients with MPD having FMD and was determined to demonstrate ED. Lower FMD was associated with older age, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and thrombosis history.
Vibration analysis of curved composite sandwich beams with viscoelastic core by using differential quadrature method
Authors: Demir Ozgur , Balkan Demet , Peker Rahim Can , Metin Muzaffer , Arikoglu Aytac
Published: April 2018

This paper focuses on the vibration analysis of three-layered curved sandwich beams with elastic face layers and viscoelastic core. First, the equations of motion that govern the free vibrations of the curved beams together with the boundary conditions are derived by using the principle of virtual work, in the most general form. Then, these equations are solved by using the generalized differential quadrature method in the frequency domain, for the first time to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Verification of the proposed beam model and the generalized differential quadrature solution is carried out via comparison with the results that already exist in literature and the ANSYS finite element solution combined with the modal strain energy method. The effect of system parameters, i.e. layer thicknesses, the lamination angle of layers and the curvature on the vibration and damping characteristics of a curved sandwich beam with laminated composite face layers and a frequency dependent viscoelastic core is investigated in detail.
32-mm ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty versus 28-mm ceramic bearings: 5- to 15-year follow-up study
Authors: Higuchi Yoshitoshi , Seki Taisuke , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Takegami Yasuhiko , Morita Daigo , Ishiguro Naoki
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic results of 28-mm ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) total hip arthroplasty (THA) to those of 32-mm CoC during a 5- to 15-year follow-up period.

Methods:

107 joints (95 women and 6 men) underwent 28-mm CoC, and 60 (49 women and 7 men) underwent 32-mm CoC. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 56.1 and 55.7 years in the 28-mm and 32-mm CoC groups, respectively. Clinical and radiologic measurements of all patients were analysed.

Results:

The mean preoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was similar in the 2 groups (28-mm, 58.9; and 32-mm, 58.5). However, at final follow-up, the mean HHS of the 32-mm CoC (91.8) was significantly better than that of the 28-mm CoC (88.2) ( p = 0.003), as were the ranges of motion (ROM) for flexion (98.3 ± 13.5° vs. 87.3 ± 19.3°, p < 0.001) and abduction (27.8 ± 14.9° vs. 22.1 ± 19.3°, p = 0.007). The mean wear rate was 0.0044 mm/year for the 28-mm CoC and 0.0044 mm/year for the 32-mm CoC. No ceramic fractures were found in the 2 groups. One joint in the 28-mm CoC (0.9%) required revision owing to progressive osteolysis. Kaplan-Meier survival at 10 years, with implant loosening or revision THA as the endpoint, was 98.3% for 28-mm CoC and 100% for 32-mm CoC ( p = 0.465).

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in ceramic-related complications between the 2 groups. Our study demonstrated that the 32-mm and 28-mm CoC are safe and are associated with good clinical outcomes.
Chlorhexidine-coated peripherally inserted central catheters reduce fibroblastic sleeve formation in an in vivo ovine model
Authors: Sylvia Charles J , Wagel Molly A , Giare-Patel Kamna , Spangler Taylor A , Breznock Eugene M , Gupta Nisha
Published: April 2018

Purpose:

This study compared an antimicrobial and anti-thrombogenic peripherally inserted central catheter treated with a chlorhexidine-based technology, a peripherally inserted central catheter with bulk distributed fluoro-oligomers, and a poly 2-methoxyethyl acrylate–based peripherally inserted central catheter to an untreated peripherally inserted central catheter (control) in an ovine model at 14 and 30 days post-implant.

Methods:

One of four types of peripherally inserted central catheters was surgically implanted into the left jugular vein of each of 18 sheep for 14 or 30 days. Blood analysis consisted of complete blood counts, serum chemistries, and coagulation (fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time) profiles. Sheep were sacrificed to examine the vein and thorax. Histological analysis was performed on serial catheter sections using standard microscopy on hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissues.

Results:

All catheters developed fibroblastic sleeves at both 14 and 30 days. The chlorhexidine-peripherally inserted central catheter showed a 64% lower mean fibroblastic sleeve weight and a 66% shorter mean fibroblastic sleeve length compared to the untreated control at 14 days. By 30 days, compared to untreated control, the chlorhexidine-peripherally inserted central catheter showed 81% lower mean fibroblastic sleeve weight with 75% shorter mean fibroblastic sleeve length, the fluoro-oligomer-peripherally inserted central catheter showed 54% lower mean sheath weight with 40% shorter mean fibroblastic sleeve length, and the poly 2-methoxyethyl acrylate-peripherally inserted central catheter had 41% lower mean fibroblastic sleeve weight with 57% lower fibroblastic sleeve length.

Conclusion:

Among the three anti-thrombogenic peripherally inserted central catheter technologies, the chlorhexidine-peripherally inserted central catheter had the smallest fibroblastic sleeves, followed by the fluoro-oligomer-peripherally inserted central catheter, poly 2-methoxyethyl acrylate-peripherally inserted central catheter, and control peripherally inserted central catheter.
Numerical analysis of the coupling between frictionally excited thermoelastic instability and thermal buckling in automotive clutches
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Yi Yun-Bo , Bao Ke , Zhao Jiaxin
Published: April 2018

The coupling between thermal buckling and thermoelastic instability in clutch disks is investigated using a series of finite element analyses. The temperature distributions are first obtained from the eigenmodes based on the classical thermoelastic instability analyses. The critical buckling temperatures along with the buckling deformation modes of the clutch disk under prescribed temperature fields are subsequently computed using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. The effects of multiple parameters including sliding speed, coefficient of friction and boundary conditions have been investigated. It is concluded that there exists a strong coupling between thermoelastic instability and thermal buckling, and that the thermoelastic instability induced unstable temperature modes can significantly alter the input temperature profiles for thermal buckling, and thus the critical buckling temperatures. In addition to the effects of axisymmetric thermoelastic instability modes (i.e. banding modes), thermal buckling induced by the nonaxisymmetric thermoelastic instability modes (i.e. focal hot spots) is also tentatively studied.
Deconstruction of HLA-DRB1*04:01:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01:01 class II haplotypes using next-generation sequencing in European-Americans with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Creary Lisa E , Mallempati Kalyan C , Gangavarapu Sridevi , Caillier Stacy J , Oksenberg Jorge R , Fernández-Viňa Marcelo A
Published: April 2018

Background:

The association between HLA-DRB1*15:01 with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility is well established, but the contribution of the tightly associated HLA-DRB5*01:01 allele has not yet been completely ascertained. Similarly, the effects of HLA-DRB1*04:01 alleles and haplotypes, defined at the full-gene resolution level with MS risk remains to be elucidated.

Objectives:

To characterize the molecular architecture of class II HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR4 haplotypes associated with MS.

Methods:

Next-generation sequencing was used to determine HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DRB1/4/5 alleles in 1403 unrelated European-American patients and 1425 healthy unrelated controls. Effect sizes of HLA alleles and haplotypes on MS risk were measured by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

HLA-DRB1*15:01:01:01SG (OR = 3.20, p < 2.2E–16), HLA-DRB5*01:01:01 (OR = 2.96, p < 2.2E–16), and HLA-DRB5*01:01:01v1_STR1 (OR = 8.18, p = 4.3E–05) alleles all occurred at significantly higher frequencies in MS patients compared to controls. The most significant predis-posing haplotypes were HLA-DQB1*06:02:01~ HLA-DQA1*01:02:01:01SG~HLA-DRB1*15:01:01:01SG~HLA-DRB5*01:01:01 and HLA-DQB1*06:02:01~HLA-DQA1*01:02:01:01SG~HLA-DRB1*15:01:01:01SG~HLA-DRB5*01:01:01v1_STR1 (OR = 3.19, p < 2.2E–16; OR = 9.30, p = 9.7E–05, respectively). Analyses of the HLA-DRB1*04 cohort in the absence of HLA-DRB1*15:01 haplotypes revealed that the HLA-DQB1*03:01:01:01~HLA-DQA1*03:03:01:01~HLA-DRB1*04:01:01:01SG~HLA-DRB4*01:03:01:01 haplotype was protective (OR = 0.64, p = 0.028), whereas the HLA-DQB1*03:02:01~HLA-DQA1*03:01:01~HLA-DRB1*04:01:01:01SG~HLA-DRB4*01:03:01:01 haplotype was associated with MS susceptibility (OR = 1.66, p = 4.9E–03).

Conclusion:

HLA-DR15 haplotypes, including genomic variants of HLA-DRB5, and HLA-DR4 haplotypes affect MS risk.
Polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR) modifies the association between significant life events and depression in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Saul Alice , Taylor Bruce , Simpson Steve , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Blizzard Leigh , Dwyer Terence , McMorran Brendan , Wood Brenda , van der Mei Ingrid AF
Published: April 2018

Background:

In the general population, variation in the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region ( 5-HTTLPR) has been shown to modify the association between stressful events and depression/anxiety. This has not been examined in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

We examined the interaction between significant life events (SLE), 5-HTTLPR and depression/anxiety.

Methods:

A population-based longitudinal cohort of 198 people with MS was followed biannually for 2.5 years. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured at each review using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). SLEs were assessed using a questionnaire based on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Results:

We found an interaction between SLE load in the previous 12 months and functional variation in the 5-HTTLPR allele type in predicting depression, with the association between SLE load and depression being stronger for those with S/S allele type (β = 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.33) per 10-unit increase) and S/L (β = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.05–0.24)) compared to L/L allele type (β = 0.04 (95% CI: −0.05 to 0.24); pinteraction < 0.001). No convincing evidence of an interaction was found with anxiety.

Conclusion:

We found that the association between SLE load and MS depression severity was stronger among those with one or two copies of the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR. The identification of a gene–environment interaction between SLEs and depression in a population where depression is partly disease-driven is novel.
Increase in skin perfusion pressure predicts amputation-free survival after lower extremity bypass surgery for critical limb ischemia
Authors: Yamamoto Kota , Kawahara Takuya , Akai Atsushi , Isaji Toshihiko , Akagi Daisuke , Miyahara Takuya , Hoshina Katsuyuki
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to determine how postoperative skin perfusion pressure (SPP) as a measure of blood flow after revascularization affects limb prognosis in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). We retrospectively reviewed 223 consecutive bypass surgery cases performed in 192 patients with CLI during a 10-year period. SPP was measured 1–2 weeks before and after the procedure. An SPP of 40 mmHg was set as the cut-off value for revascularization. Patients were grouped according to their postoperative SPPs, and amputation-free survival (AFS) was analyzed. An SPP of ≥ 40 mmHg was recovered in 75% of the patients, but no significant difference was found between this group and the group that did not reach 40 mmHg. On the other hand, the values increased by ≥ 20 mmHg from the preoperative values in 70% of the patients. This group had a significantly better AFS than the group that did not increase by 20 mmHg. Logistic regression analysis revealed that (1) a preoperative SPP of < 20 mmHg and (2) a high serum albumin level (> 3.0 g/dL) were significant factors in increasing SPP by 20 mmHg. These results showed that an increase in SPP of ≥ 20 mmHg after bypass surgery was associated with better limb prognosis.
The differentially associated sharing economy
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: April 2018

The sharing economy has been booming in China. Within the sharing economy, the ridesharing sector has been a profit-generating engine. This sector is generally associated with the strikingly rapid and viral rise of major companies. However, there are alternative practices of ridesharing outside of the mainstream sphere constructed by major platforms. This article investigates these alternative practices in a prefectural area in China. They are enabled by the intertwinement of new technology usage and traditional social relations. The way in which local taxi drivers form exclusive groups resembles the differential mode of association proposed by Fei Xiaotong. Therefore, I have coined the term “differentially associated sharing economy” to describe these alternative ridesharing practices. I argue that the intersection of technology usage and traditional social relations enables resistance against platform monopoly as well as restrains the potential of technologies to kinship and friend cliques.
Foundation pit displacement monitoring and prediction using least squares support vector machines based on multi-point measurement
Authors: Li Xiao , Liu Xin , Li Clyde Zhengdao , Hu Zhumin , Shen Geoffrey Qiping , Huang Zhenyu
Published: April 2018

Foundation pit displacement is a critical safety risk for both building structure and people lives. The accurate displacement monitoring and prediction of a deep foundation pit are essential to prevent potential risks at early construction stage. To achieve accurate prediction, machine learning methods are extensively applied to fulfill this purpose. However, these approaches, such as support vector machines, have limitations in terms of data processing efficiency and prediction accuracy. As an emerging approach derived from support vector machines, least squares support vector machine improve the data processing efficiency through better use of equality constraints in the least squares loss functions. However, the accuracy of this approach highly relies on the large volume of influencing factors from the measurement of adjacent critical points, which is not normally available during the construction process. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved least squares support vector machine algorithm based on multi-point measuring techniques, namely, multi-point least squares support vector machine. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-point least squares support vector machine approach, a real case study project was selected, and the results illustrated that the multi-point least squares support vector machine approach on average outperformed single-point least squares support vector machine in terms of prediction accuracy during the foundation pit monitoring and prediction process.
Crack and Noncrack Classification from Concrete Surface Images Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Ahn Eunjong , Shin Myoungsu , Sim Sung-Han
Published: April 2018

In concrete structures, surface cracks are important indicators of structural durability and serviceability. Generally, concrete cracks are visually monitored by inspectors who record crack information such as the existence, location, and width. Manual visual inspection is often considered ineffective in terms of cost, safety, assessment accuracy, and reliability. Digital image processing has been introduced to more accurately obtain crack information from images. A critical challenge is to automatically identify cracks from an image containing actual cracks and crack-like noise patterns (e.g. dark shadows, stains, lumps, and holes), which are often seen in concrete structures. This article presents a methodology for identifying concrete cracks using machine learning. The method helps in determining the existence and location of cracks from surface images. The proposed approach is particularly designed for classifying cracks and noncrack noise patterns that are otherwise difficult to distinguish using existing image processing algorithms. In the training stage of the proposed approach, image binarization is used to extract crack candidate regions; subsequently, classification models are constructed based on speeded-up robust features and convolutional neural network. The obtained crack identification methods are quantitatively and qualitatively compared using new concrete surface images containing cracks and noncracks.
Recognizing disparities in health care for children with special health care needs
Authors: Crump Christie
Published: April 2018

Introduction

There is a significant disparity in the United States between the health care received by children with special health care needs versus physically healthy children.

Objective

The objective of the paper is to show that children with special needs receive less than adequate health care overall. This disparity affects the quality of life for these children and influences their ability to live their lives to their full potential.

Methods

Research was conducted by examining multiple studies with a focus on six major factors that play a role in creating this disparity.

Results

The findings show an alarming trend in the access and delivery of health care to children with special health care needs.

Conclusions

Solutions to correcting the disparities are possible, but it will take a full understanding of the issues, perseverance, dedication, and hard work on the part of families, physicians, legislators, and others genuinely interested in creating an equal health care system for all children.
Efficacy and safety of the combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Totsuka Sutto Sylvia Elena , Rodríguez Roldan Yunuen Itzet , Cardona Muñoz Ernesto German , Garcia Cobian Teresa Arcelia , Pascoe Gonzalez Sara , Martínez Rizo Abril , Mendez del Villar Miriam , García Benavides Leonel
Published: April 2018

Aim:

To evaluate whether a combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel (10%) topically applied can have additive benefits for management of diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods:

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, 68 patients were divided into four groups: Group 1: treated with chitosan gel; Group 2: isosorbide dinitrate spray; Group 3: combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel; Group 4: placebo.

Results:

Histological analyses showed a significant regeneration in all groups ( p < 0.001). On the final assessment of the ulcer, using the combination was found a wound closure percentage of 71 ± 30, 70 ± 27 using isosorbide dinitrate, 58 ± 30 with chitosan and 50 ± 16 with placebo. The number of patients who achieved complete ulcer closure was six using the combination, four with isosorbide dinitrate, three with chitosan and one with placebo. The progression in the healing process of the ulcer showed marked inmunohistochemical differences of Von Willebrand Factor, desmin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and α-smooth muscle actin in all groups ( p < 0.001), but without notable differences between them.

Conclusion:

The combination was better than placebo to reduce the dimensions of the ulcer, accelerate healing and increase the number of patients who achieved complete closure of the ulcer, but the combination was not better than chitosan or isosorbide dinitrate used separately.
RILS: RFID indoor localization system using mobile readers
Authors: Liu Jinkai , Qiu Yanqing , Yin Kezhao , Dong Wentong , Luo Jiaqing
Published: April 2018

The radio frequency identification technology was given greater interest as it is widely used for identification and localization in the cognitive radio sensor networks. While radio frequency identification–based indoor localization is attractive, the need for a large-scale and high-density deployment of readers and reference tags is costly. Using mobile readers mounted on guide rails, we design and implement an RFID indoor localization system, which requires neither reference tags nor received signal strength indicator functions, for stock-taking and searching in warehouse operations. In particular, we install two guide rails, which can allow a reader to move horizontally or vertically, on the ceiling of a warehouse or workshop. We then propose a continuous scanning algorithm to improve the accuracy for locating a single tagged object and a category-based scheduling algorithm to shorten the time for locating multiple tagged objects. Our primary experimental results show that RFID indoor localization system can achieve high time efficiency and localization accuracy in the indoor localization.
Negotiations and Research Bargains
Authors: Oscar Rantatalo , Ola Lindberg , Robert Kihlberg , Markus Hällgren
Published: April 2018

The present study provides an autoethnographic account of the efforts to gain field access to a police organization, spanning more than 2 years. The aim is to describe a case of gaining access in relation to the professional norms of science put forward by Robert K. Merton. Aided by an organized record of notes, e-mails, and other written communications regarding access (144 memos of various types), the study describes and discusses the negotiations with Mertonian norms that followed from the dissonance between ideals of research and practical reality. Opening up for further scholarly discussion, this article concludes that Merton’s norms are incongruent with both prevailing guidelines of research ethics and with the practical, short-term problems of access negotiations and research bargains.
Numerical simulation for three-dimensional rotor icing in forward flight
Authors: Wang Zhengzhi , Zhao Ning , Zhu Chunling
Published: April 2018

Icing will occur when helicopters pass through clouds containing supercooled droplets. The ice accreted on rotor blade affects the safety of helicopter. A numerical simulation method of helicopter rotor icing in forward flight is presented, and the icing characteristics of rotor are studied. The flow field is calculated based on the overlapping grids, and the Eulerian model is applied in the droplet trajectory calculation. The unsteady method is used to calculate rotor flow field and droplet trajectory. The icing model considering the effect of centrifugal force is adopted to simulate the ice shapes of rotor in forward flight. The average ice growth rate is compared with the ice growth rate at each azimuth angle, and the effects of blade pitch and forward flight speed on the droplet impingement and icing characteristics are summarized. Finally, the influence of time step on the calculation results is analyzed. The calculation results show that the droplet impingement characteristics and icing characteristics change continuously in forward flight. The ice growth rate and droplet collection efficiency are larger on the advancing blade and smaller on the retreating blade.
CD44 overexpression related to lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Yijuan , Wu Ting , Lu Dong , Zhen Jiantao , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2018

Background:

CD44 has recently been reported as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer. However, the predictive value of CD44 in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the expression of CD44 and clinicopathological features, and the outcome of pancreatic cancer patients.

Materials and method:

A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata software.

Results:

A total of nine studies including 583 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that CD44 overexpression was associated with poor five-year overall survival rate (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.30, 0.91; P = 0.02), more lymph node invasion (OR 3.14 (positive vs. negative); 95% CI 1.47, 6.73; P = 0.003), more advanced T stage (OR 2.4 (T3,4 vs. T1,2); 95% CI 1.28, 4.52; P = 0.007), and more advanced TNM stage (OR 4.53 (III~IV vs. I~II); 95% CI 1.46, 14.08; P = 0.01). However, CD44 overexpression was not associated with other clinicopathological features, such as tumor size, differentiation, and distance metastasis.

Conclusions:

The current evidence suggests that CD44 is an efficient prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer.
Identification of circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer: A pooled analysis of individual studies
Authors: Zhou Quan , Zuo Man-Zhen , He Ze , Li Hai-Rong , Li Wei
Published: April 2018

Background:

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for many cancers. However, the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in ovarian cancer is inconsistent in different studies. Thus we performed this meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in ovarian cancer.

Methods:

Eligible studies that were published prior to 30 June 2017 were searched from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. All analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. A bivariate regression was used to calculate pooled diagnostic accuracy estimates.

Results:

A total of 36 studies from 16 publications were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of circulating miRNAs for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 0.76 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.69, 0.81), 0.81 (95% CI 0.74, 0.87), 4.00 (95% CI 2.70, 5.30), 0.30(95% CI 0.24, 0.37) and 13.00 (95% CI 9.00, 19.00), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82, 0.88). Subgroup analyses showed that multiple miRNA assays yielded better diagnostic characteristics than a single miRNA assay, and plasma miRNAs were better than serum miRNAs for ovarian cancer detection.

Conclusion:

Circulating miRNAs, especially the combination of multiple circulating miRNAs, are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. However, further large-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate the applicability of the miRNAs in the early detection of ovarian cancer.
Frequency distribution of BLMH, XPO5 and HFE gene polymorphisms in the South Indian population and their association with Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Thakkar Dimpal N. , Palugulla Sreenivasulu , Selvarajan Sandhiya , Dubashi Biswajit
Published: April 2018

Background:

Hodgkin lymphoma, a highly curable malignancy is currently treated with an adriamycin, bleomycin (BLM), vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen. BLM-induced pulmonary toxicity (BPT) is one of the dose-limiting toxicities. Previous reports have revealed that genetic variants rs1050565, rs11077, and rs1800562 are involved in the development of BPT. These results cannot be extrapolated to the South Indian population because of their ethnic difference. This study aimed to determine the frequency of rs1050565, rs11077, and rs1800562 variants in South Indian healthy individuals and Hodgkin lymphoma cases. These frequencies were compared with 1000 genome populations’ data. We also assessed if these variants modified the risk to Hodgkin lymphoma.

Material and methods:

A total of 200 healthy individuals and 101 cases with Hodgkin lymphoma were recruited for this case-control study after ethical approval. Blood samples were collected from the study participants and DNA was extracted. Genotyping of rs1050565, rs11077, and rs1800562 variants was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A chi-square test was used to assess the differences in genotype frequency data between cases and controls.

Results:

The minor allele frequencies of rs1050565 and rs11077 were 4.3% and 39%, respectively, whereas all the individuals were wild-type for rs1800562 mutation. The frequencies significantly differed from 1000 genome data. The variants did not alter the risk for Hodgkin lymphoma.

Conclusions:

We determined the frequencies of rs1050565, rs11077, and rs1800562 variants in South Indian healthy individuals, and the frequencies differed significantly from 1000 genome populations. We also found that the studied polymorphisms are not associated with Hodgkin lymphoma risk in the South Indian population.
“How am I gonna cope?”: Caregivers of adolescents with diabetes in Jamaica
Authors: Anderson M , Tulloch-Reid MK
Published: April 2018

Objective

To determine the challenges, coping strategies and needs of urban and rural Jamaican caregivers of adolescents with diabetes, and suggest ways to assist coping.

Methods

This qualitative study comprised four focus groups (two urban and two rural) with a total of nineteen caregivers of adolescents with diabetes. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data.

Results

The main challenges caregivers faced were keeping their children healthy, managing conflict with their children, and financial concerns. They met these challenges with problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Caregivers used the problem-focused strategies of vigilance, advocacy, minimising their children’s negative emotions, coercion, education, and seeking support, and the emotion-focused strategies of relying on their identity as parents and turning to their faith. Caregivers wanted assistance acquiring medication and equipment, increased diabetes education, and support groups.

Discussion

More resources should be channelled toward provision of diabetes supplies. Diabetes education is necessary in schools and for the general public. Healthcare practitioners should explore issues beyond diabetes management, such as caregivers’ coping and the caregiver-child relationship. Support groups are needed to facilitate learning. Special attention must be paid to rural areas: rural residents appeared to be in greater need than their urban counterparts.
An artificial immune intelligent maintenance system for distributed industrial environments
Authors: Fasanotti Luca , Cavalieri Sergio , Dovere Emanuele , Gaiardelli Paolo , Pereira Carlos E
Published: April 2018

Maintenance services of geographically dispersed industrial applications, such as oil transfer systems via pipelines and wastewater treatment plants, are affected by high logistics costs and risks of permanent downtimes. The increasing availability of smart technologies and devices has led to the introduction of advanced prognostic and diagnostic systems to support maintenance activities. In this context, artificial immune systems support the development of industrial applications, where machines and equipment are capable of self-repairing, healing and learning due to their ability to learn from experience. However, the applicability of artificial immune systems has a limited set of contexts along with a low incidence of real-word implementations in the literature, and thus, additional explorative studies are necessary. This article describes a proposed hybrid system conceived by integrating a multi-agent system–based architecture with the main features of artificial immune systems and evaluates its potential applications in two different industrial settings. The flexibility of the behaviour of artificial immune systems methodologies allows for the implementation of a reliable diagnostic and prognostic system, while the choice of multi-agent system architecture enables a mix of autonomy and distributed processing that overcomes the strong limitations of a reduced training dataset.
Mining of inland water traffic accident data using a biclustering algorithm: A case study of the Yangtze River
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Qing , Gao Song
Published: April 2018

Analysis of maritime accident data is important for improving safety management. Clustering is the favoured method of mining marine accident data. However, traditional one-way clustering methods are limited by their focus on global patterns, which does not account for the contingent characteristics of accidents. In this study, biclustering algorithms (BAs) typically used for gene expressions are introduced for analysis of inland water traffic accident data. BAs are good for discovering local patterns (LPs), which represent the similarities between partial accidents and partial attributes. LPs are the more likely modes in accident data, which are difficult to discern using who is traditional one-way clustering. During biclustering of original accident data, six LPs involving replicative accidents are uncovered, thereby suggesting a high risk in similar scenarios. With biclustering of accident attribute factors, the interrelationships among factors are discovered. According to the LPs explored using BAs, high-risk scenarios should gain the attention of shipping companies and safety management departments. Two recommendations are presented: raising awareness of the need for immediate accident reporting and disseminating rescue knowledge. After comparing their applications, the order-preserving submatrix (OPSM) and conserved gene expression motif (xMotifs) algorithms are regarded as the most suitable BAs for analysing maritime accident data.
Reliability assessment of the spindle systems with a competing risk model
Authors: Yang Zhaojun , Li Xiaoxu , Chen Chuanhai , Zhao Hongxun , Yang Dingyu , Guo Jinyan , Luo Wei
Published: April 2018

Traditional reliability assessment of spindle systems of machine tools suffers from long testing time and high cost. Accelerated life testing is an alternative that overcomes the shortcomings of traditional reliability testing. In a life testing, identification of critical factors of service life and an accurate model are important. Based on the characteristic analysis and engineering experience, four reliability factors, which are the average power of spindle systems, the number of tool changing, the number of spindles restarting and environment temperature, are selected as accelerating environment variables. An accelerated failure time model is used to describe the inverse relationship between the variables and reliability for the catastrophic failure mode and the degradation failure mode separately. Then a competing risk model is built by considering competing risks of two modes. Parametric reliability models are proposed to capture the statistical independency and dependency separately, in which the Gumbel–Hougaard copula function is used to establish the joint cumulative distribution for dependency. Thereby the hypothesis testing is developed to determine the failure modes dependency. The reliability sensitivity of each environment variable is analyzed. Finally, the proposed model is illustrated with a real field case study.
Minor digestive symptoms and their impact in the general population: a cluster analysis approach
Authors: L’Heureux-Bouron Diane , Legrain-Raspaud Sophie , Carruthers Helen R. , Whorwell P. J.
Published: April 2018

Background:

The classification and treatment of patients who do not meet the criteria for a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder has not been well established. This study aimed to record the prevalence of minor digestive symptoms (MDSs) in the general population attempting to divide them into symptom clusters as well as trying to assess their impact and the way sufferers cope with them.

Methods:

Following face-to-face interviews, a web-based, self-administered questionnaire was designed to capture a range of GI sensations using 34 questions and 12 images depicting abdominal symptoms. A randomly selected sample of 1515 women and 409 men representing the general population in France was studied. Cluster analysis was used to identify groups of respondents with naturally co-occurring symptoms. Data were also collected on other factors such as exacerbating and relieving strategies.

Results:

MDSs were reported at least every 2 months in 66.5% of women and 47.7% of men. A total of 11 symptom clusters were identified: constipation-like, flatulence, abdominal pressure, abdominal swelling, acid reflux, diarrhoea-like, intestinal heaviness, intestinal pain, gurgling, burning and gastric pain. Despite being minor, these problems had a major impact on vitality and self-image as well as emotional, social and physical well-being. Respondents considered lifestyle, food and disordered function as the main factors responsible for MDSs. Physical measures and dietary modification were the most frequent strategies adopted to obtain relief.

Conclusions:

MDSs are common and improved methods of recognition are needed so that better management strategies can be developed for individuals with these symptoms. The definition of symptom clusters may offer one way of achieving this goal.
A multicenter phase II study of Q3 week or weekly paclitaxel in combination with bevacizumab for the treatment of metastatic or unresectable angiosarcoma
Authors: Bui Nam , Kamat Nikhil , Ravi Vinod , Chawla Sant , Lohman Marti , Ganjoo Kristen N
Published: April 2018

Paclitaxel (P) and bevacizumab (B) are agents that provide clinical benefit in advanced angiosarcoma (AS). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of P-B in two different scheduled regimens. Patients were to receive P 200mg/m2 IV with B 15mg/kg IV every 21 days (Regimen A) or P 90mg/m2 IV weekly D1, 8, 15 with B 15mg/kg IV D1 of a 28 day cycle (Regimen B) x6 cycles. Maintenance B followed at a dose of 15 mg/kg intravenously once every 21 days. The primary end point was 4 month non-progression rate (NPR). A total of 16 patients were enrolled. 4 month NPR was 62.5% with median overall survival 16 months and median progression free survival 5.06 months. 11 patients made it to cycle 3 and were evaluable for response with 1 CR (9%), 4 PR (36%), 2 SD (18%), and 6 PD (36%). There were ten grade 3 toxicities and four grade 4 toxicities. The breakdown between the two regimens revealed comparable efficacy and safety. Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab is an active regimen in angiosarcoma. Q3 week and weekly paclitaxel appear similar in efficacy and safety.
The role of basal insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist combination products in the management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Inman Taylor R. , Plyushko Erika , Austin Nicholas P. , Johnson Jeremy L.
Published: April 2018

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes necessitates the development of new treatment options to individualize therapy. Basal insulin has been a standard treatment option for years, while glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have grown in use over the past decade due to glucose-lowering efficacy and weight loss potential. There are two new combination injectable products that have recently been approved combining basal insulins with GLP-1 RAs in single pen-injector devices. United States guidelines recently emphasize the option to use combination injectable therapy with GLP-1 RAs and basal insulin once the basal insulin has been optimally titrated as a second- or third-line agent in addition to metformin without reaching the goal A1c. Insulin glargine/lixisenatide 100/33 (IGlarLixi) can be dosed between 15 and 60 units once daily from a single pen-injector device. Insulin degludec/liraglutide 100/3.6 (IDegLira) can be dosed between 10 and 50 units once daily, also from a single pen-injector device. Maximum doses, while measured in units, correspond to limits defined by each individual GLP-1 RA. The dual use of basal insulin plus GLP-1 RA is non-inferior compared with basal insulin plus a single injection of prandial insulin at the largest meal and compared with twice daily-dosed premixed insulins; and this combination is associated with weight loss and less hypoglycemia. These new combination products could help providers effectively and efficiently follow clinical practice guidelines while enhancing patient adherence with injectable medications.
Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Competitive Adolescent Alpine Skiers
Authors: Westin Maria , Harringe Marita L. , Engström Björn , Alricsson Marie , Werner Suzanne
Published: April 2018

Background:

There is a high risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in alpine skiers. To reduce or try to prevent these injuries, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors need to be identified.

Purpose:

To identify possible intrinsic and extrinsic ACL injury risk factors among competitive adolescent alpine skiers.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between 2006 and 2009, a cohort of 339 alpine ski students (176 male, 163 female) from Swedish ski high schools were prospectively observed in terms of ACL injuries. First-time ACL injuries were recorded. In September, prior to each ski season, the skiers were clinically examined according to a specific knee protocol.

Results:

Overall, 11 male and 14 female skiers sustained a total of 25 first-episode ACL injuries. The majority of injuries occurred in the left knee ( P < .05). Skiers who had participated in alpine skiing for >13 years (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68-1.00; P < .05) had a reduced risk of sustaining an ACL injury. Eighteen ACL injuries occurred during training, 12 in the technical discipline of giant slalom, and 8 in slalom. Fourteen skiers reported not to be fatigued at all at the time of injury, and 8 skiers reported that they were somewhat fatigued.

Conclusion:

ACL injuries occurred more often in the left knee than the right. This should be taken into consideration in the design of ACL injury prevention programs. Those who reported a higher number of active years in alpine skiing showed a reduced risk of sustaining an ACL injury. No other factor among those studied could be identified as an independent risk factor for ACL injury.
The Impact of Blood Pressure Dipping Status on Cognition, Mobility, and Cardiovascular Health in Older Adults Following an Exercise Program
Authors: Boa Sorte Silva Narlon C. , Gregory Michael A. , Gill Dawn P. , McGowan Cheri L. , Petrella Robert J.
Published: April 2018

Objectives: To determine whether a dual-task gait and aerobic exercise intervention differentially impacted older adults with normal blood pressure (BP) dipping status (dippers) compared to those with nondipping status (nondippers). Methods: This study was a secondary analysis involving participants (mean age = 70.3 years, 61% women) who attended a laboratory-based exercise intervention over a 6-month period (40 min/day and 3 days/week). Participants were assessed in measures of cognition, mobility, and cardiovascular health at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months (after a 6-month no-contact follow-up). Results: We observed improvements in cognition in both groups at 6 and 12 months, although no between-group differences were seen. Nondippers demonstrated superior improvements in usual gait velocity and step length after the exercise intervention compared to dippers. Dippers reduced daytime systolic BP at 6 and 12 months to a greater extent than nondippers. Discussion: BP dipping status at baseline did not influence exercise benefits to cognition but did mediate changes in mobility and cardiovascular health.