bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Examining The Financial Literacy – SME Growth Nexus: Fresh Evidence from Causal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Addo Selma Dzifa , Asante Joseph , Mensah Emmanuel
Published: August 2023

The importance of SMEs to the growth of emerging economies cannot be overemphasized. SMEs remain an important source of employment and economic growth for most developing economies. However, it has been found that, most SMEs in developing countries are unable to survive even up to their fifth year of operation due to a multiplicity of factors including the level of financial literacy and risk attitude of SME owners. The current study aims to examine the effect of financial literacy on SME growth mediated by the risk attitude of SME owners. The study’s data was collected from SME owners/managers in Ghana. 500 questionnaires were administered and out of the 432 retrieved, 400 were deemed useful for analysis using causal mediation. The study found a significantly positive association between financial literacy and SME growth in the main outcome model. Also, risk attitude was found to be positively related to financial literacy in the mediation model, whereas risk attitude further mediated the relationship between financial literacy and SME growth which demonstrates that risk attitude plays an intermediary role in the association between financial literacy and SME growth. Our results support the dual process theory of reasoning, according to which decisions made by entrepreneurs to improve the growth and sustainability of their businesses are influenced by two different systems of thought: the automatic unconscious system, which is based on their risk tolerance, and the intentional conscious system, which weighs numerous factors and models in light of their financial literacy.
The Enhancement of Speaking Opportunities Through Stress-Relief Strategies among EFL Elementary Adult Learners
Authors: Farkhondeh Farahnak Majid Pourmohammadi
Published: August 2023

This study investigated some psychological barriers like anxiety and stress due to which EFL adult learners hesitate to talk in their English classes. It also suggested some strategies to facilitate opportunities for learners to feel free and talk. A sample of 30 learners was selected out of a population of 90, in the age range of 20-45. They were learning English at Safir English Language Institute in Rasht, Iran. They were then divided into two groups: experimental and control. The results revealed that most of the participants in the control group suffered from stress and anxiety. In conclusion, English teachers were required to learn and use stress-relief strategies and facilitate speaking for EFL adult learners in order to lead them to a higher proficiency level in their oral performance, especially those who find having conversations embarrassing and try not to get involved in such interactions.
Comparative Studies on Chemical Profile of Red Soko (Celosia Trigyna) and Green Soko (Celosia Argentea)
Authors: Christianah Olusola Ayodele Jacob Olalekan Arawande , Babawale Peter Olatunji Abraham Olasupo Oladebeye , Olajubu Ayotunde Karimu Ayodeji Temitope Adesuyi
Published: August 2023

Chemical profile of leafy vegetables enable researchers to affirm the constituents present in them as well as knowing their possible usefulness for consumption and medicinal applications. Red and green soko were obtained, rinsed in water and cut into smaller pieces, air dried, grounded and sieved to give 40mm mesh size powder. The powdered samples were analyzed for proximate composition and mineral contents using standard methods. The antioxidant properties such as reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity 2,2- diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) of samples were determined. Red soko had the higher value of crude lipid (2.36 ± 0.06%), ash content (16.45 ±0.15%), protein (17.06 ±0.06%), and dry matter (89.74 ±0.24%) while green soko had higher value of moisture content (10.86±0.33%), crude fibre (13.66±0.20%), carbohydrate (54.81.81±0.21%) and energy value (297.38±0.89 Kcal/100g). Red soko had the higher values of Mg (25.16 ± 0.22 mg/kg), Fe (2.86±0.05 mg/kg), Zn (0.10 ± 0.02 mg/kg), Mn (0.56 ±0.08 mg/kg), and Cu (0.20 ±0.01 mg/kg) while green soko had higher value of Ca (180.16 ±1.00 mg/kg), Na (73.44 ±0.00 mg/kg), K (694.14 ± 0.96 mg/kg), Pb (0.23 ±0.00 mg/kg) and Se (0.20 ±0.03 mg/kg). Green soko had higher value of ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.36±0.04%), Fe2+ Chelating Activity (4.46±0.09%), DPPH radical scavenging activity (11.75±0.74%) and ABTS+ Radical Scavenging Activity (10.18±0.44%) than red soko. The antioxidant properties (TRAP, Fe2+, DPPH and ABTS+) of green soko were higher than red soko. Green soko is richer in antioxidant properties than red soko.
Microbiological Quality of Selected Non-Sterile Pharmaceutical Products Retailed in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Zakari David Adeiza Adejo Patience Omebije , Edegbo  Emmanuel Sule Queen , Olorunmowaju Abiodun Israel Akoh Phoebe Queen , Yusuf Danjuma Shuaib
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to check for the microbiological quality of non-sterile products retailed in Anyigba. The use of contaminated non-sterile pharmaceutical products can cause hazards in a majority of ways like economic loss to the industrialists, alter the therapeutic effect of the drug and affect the health of a patient. A total of 10 samples were collected; the isolated organisms were characterized and identified by using morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. The organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Pseudomonas spp, Aspergillus spp, Mucorspp, Saccharomyces spp and Rhizopus spp. The percentage of the isolate includes S. aureus 37 (45.7%), E.coli 16 (19.7%) Pseudomonas spp 28 (34.5%) to safeguard the product from contamination, it is important to ensure that good manufacturing practices such as raw material testing, equipment sanitization and automation, microbial testing of water, training of personnel, post marking surveillance, monitoring of environment among others were employed. The focus should also be on surveillance and effective monitoring of the distribution and marketing of pharmaceutical products. Local regulatory agencies such as the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON), and the National Agency for Food,drug administration and Control (NAFDAC) should always ensure that all pharmaceuticals released into the market for sales and consumption should conform to specifications and are fit for their intended use.
Misconception Level Analysis of Prospective Physics Teacher Students in Geometric Optic Using Multiple-Misconception Revealing Test
Authors: Pasaribu Marungkil , Nurjannah Nurjannah , Miftah Miftah
Published: August 2023

This study aims to identify the level of misconceptions that prospective physics teacher students have on the subject of optics. The diagnostic test instrument developed follows the Multiple-Misconception Revealing Test (MMRT) format. The research subjects are prospective physics teacher students in the Physics Education Department who have graduated Basic Physics course and are programming the Optical Waves course in the even semester of 2021. MMRT is a test in the form of open questions and is at the creative level, namely in the form of building with certain rules. This test requires solving problems with additional explanations so that it is easy to identify true or false quickly and arouse curiosity in students to solve them. Problem-solving is equipped with a level of confidence and an explanation of why they answered that way. The results of this study will be used as a first step to developing appropriate learning strategies and teaching materials to be able to remediate misconceptions that occur in students. The test used consisted of 10 items consisting of 7 items about reflection by a mirror and 3 items about refraction. The results of the analysis showed that 14.7% of students experienced misconceptions-1, 13.7% of students experienced misconceptions-2 and, 10.5% experienced misconceptions-n.
Possibilities and Potentialities of Coalescing Processed Produced Survey data and Elicited data in Sociology of Deviance
Authors: Motshwari Khumo
Published: August 2023

Processed produced data has always been criticized for its limitations and inability to address certain kinds of research questions because it is data not produced for research purposes. Process produced data such as administrative data collected by government ministries and organizations, constitute an important data source that can be useful in research, yet often not sufficient alone to answer different kinds of research questions, especially when they are used in isolation. Whilst these limitations are evident and indisputable, it is equally clear that such data can be effectively harnessed to answer specific types of research questions, and this paper offers an example of the usefulness of process produced data in studying juvenile delinquency. This paper intends to use the Botswana Youth Risk Behavioral and Biological Surveillance Survey (BYRBBSS II) by the Ministry of Basic Education as a form of process produced data set, to analyze the factors associated with juvenile delinquency in Botswana. Whilst this report provides a basis from which to launch the study, it cannot answer other uniquely qualitative research questions that would require thorough descriptions from the juveniles involved in these acts of deviance. This paper, therefore, uses this argument as a starting point to explore the possibilities and potentialities associated with combining process produced data with research elicited data, with the ultimate aim being to demonstrate how doing so offers more satisficing research results. Mixing Processed Produced Data and Research Elicited Data (interviews) is a methodological approach that has not yet been extensively applied in the context of Botswana, and therefore the paper will open discussions on the possibilities of conducting research in this manner, especially where process produced data sets are publicly accessible and available.
South African Indigenous Languages and Digital Technologies: Access, Promotion and Preservation
Authors: Sundani Ndivhuwo Doctor
Published: August 2023

This study has adopted the non-empirical research design: a systematic review. The purpose of the study was to explore the access, promotion and preservation of South African indigenous languages using digital technologies. As a research methodology, the researcher used the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis" (PRISMA) guidelines. Thus, the data for the study was obtained by using scientific search engines such as Google Scholar, EBSCOHost, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Sabinet, and Taylor & Francis. A review of the literature, which included sources from 2001 to 2022, informed the study's data. According to the findings of this study, access to digital technologies that support South African languages is limited – and this negatively affects the promotion and preservation of these languages. Therefore, the study recommends that the South African government in partnership with the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB), the South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), language experts, researchers, policymakers, and information and communications technology (ICT) companies should implement strategies that could help to prevent barriers to effective access, promotion, and preservation of South African indigenous languages, using digital technologies.
The The Adequacy of Human Capital for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era in the Mining Industry in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mpofu Queen , Nemashakwe Paul
Published: August 2023

This paper examined the adequacy of human capital in the fourth industrial era. This has been prompted by the fact that human capital has been regarded as the key driver of value creation, financial performance, and sustainability. However, concerns have been raised regarding the adequacy of the phenomenon under study,  particularly in emerging economies such as Zimbabwe.  This paper adopted a qualitative critical literature review approach and thematic analysis was utilized for data analysis and interpretation until a point of saturation was reached. The findings revealed that the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies in the Zimbabwean mining industry was still in its infancy and there was limited investment in human capital development. The study also highlighted several challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to funding, and a shortage of skilled labor.  The study recommended that policymakers should prioritize investment in human capital development, including upskilling and reskilling programs, to ensure that the mining industry is well-positioned to take advantage of the opportunities presented by Industry 4.0.
Perceptions of the Indigenous Community of Bungku Owi Singkalong, Taloto Village, North Luwu Regency on Forest Resources
Authors: Mulati Reni Dyah Anom
Published: August 2023

This study aims to describe the relationship between the Bungku Owi Singkalong Indigenous Law Community and forest sustainability in the Singkalong Traditional Area, Taloto Village, Seko District, North Luwu Regency. The research was conducted by means of observation, interviews, and literature study. The results showed that the customary law community of Bungku Owi Singkalong depended on natural resources for their livelihoods. The existence of customary regulations keeps natural resources preserved. The community still upholds customary law as a guide for life. Communities obey customary laws with all the rules and consequences of violations. The role of Customary Institutions and Tokey is very important to regulate the order of life of the community.
The Theory of Cycle of Money - How Do Principles of the Authorities on Public Policy, Taxes, and Controlled Transactions Affect the Economy and Society?
Authors: Challoumis Constantinos
Published: August 2023

This paper shows the key elements of the regulations that authorities should follow and on the other hand the issues about the companies of controlled transactions with the elements about the maximization of their utility. Then, we determine that we have a contra behavior between the authorities and the enterprises which participate in controlled transactions. The authorities follow some international methods to avoid taxation or to minimize the impact of taxes on their profits. Thence, in this scrutiny, are presented some crucial principles about the relation of public and tax authorities with the companies which participate in controlled transactions. The principles of international controlled transactions are significant for the companies and the authorities. The sense of framing is crucial for the determination of a problem, especially from an approach to public policies. The case of framing is crucial for the determination of social quality. Then, an inquiry has been made using the terms of framing and feedback to determine the impact of tax policies on the quality of society.
Multi-Hat Consultancy: Utilizing Technology in Organizational Development to Build Relationships and Foster Innovation
Authors: Aurellado Eliseo A. , Paul Tiwari Siddhartha
Published: August 2023

As technology has advanced, it has become clear that consultants are able to operate more efficiently because of the use of technology. This is evident in the rise of digital-driven networks of consultants and independent consulting groups, and this is having a direct impact on the ability of consultants to build relationships and provide assistance to their clients. An increasing number of organizations can operate in an agile manner as a result of this approach. Technology is being used to enable some of the collectives that make up these groups to work together more effectively, while others have used it to enable digital platforms to share their information. Access to technology helps consultants remain up-to-date with new tools that can be used to increase customer acquisition and engagement, and build strong relationships with clients. Through their services, organizations are able to transform digitally and optimize their business processes more efficiently.
PROPOSIÇÕES PARA UMA AULA INTERDISCIPLINAR EM ESPAÇOS ALTERNATIVOS DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Garin Douglas Mendonça , Cunha Adauto Nunes da , Hardoim Edna Lopes
Published: August 2023

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo trazer a discussão sobre os espaços não escolarizados e seu potencial para o ensino, como forma de despertar o interesse de nossos alunos para que construam conhecimentos. Acreditamos que o trabalho com estes espaços enriquece os saberes escolares e oportuniza a compreensão de conhecimentos que não pertencem especificamente aos domínios disciplinares. Apresentaremos uma proposta multidisciplinar em um dos parques da cidade de Cuiabá no Estado do Mato Grosso, onde uma atividade composta por sete estações de observação, será o cenário de uma aula de campo, compondo uma trilha ecológica, no entanto, ela pode ser adaptada a outros locais. Acredita-se que estejamos contribuindo para que o conhecimento escolar tenha e faça sentido ao estudante e ainda que obtenha êxito em sua aprendizagem.
ANTECIPAÇÃO DE RECEBÍVEIS – IMPLICAÇÕES DENTRO DO CICLO FINANCEIRO
Authors: De Oliveira Johnny Jorge , Frazão da Silva Torres Júnior Wellington
Published: August 2023

O desequilíbrio de ordem financeira entre direitos e obrigações dentro das organizações faz com que os gestores tomem algumas medidas, dentre elas, antecipar sua agenda de recebíveis. Este estudo de caso objetivou mensurar os impactos financeiros e implicações deste tipo de operação em uma incorporadora, com sede em Goiânia-GO, que comercializa imóveis de multipropriedade e que dentre suas fontes de receitas, está o serviço de corretagem, cujo pagamento ocorre no ato da venda. Especificamente, a pesquisa buscou pelo melhor entendimento sobre os fatores que contribuem para que as empresas recorram a este tipo de “solução”. Para isso foram coletados dados específicos da empresa para o estudo de caso, para a identificação dos percentuais de juros pagos ao longo de um ano e como estes interferiram no fluxo de caixa da empresa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através de uma análise quantitativa, por meio de relatórios de vendas do sistema de Business Intelligence – B.I. e do relatório da agenda de recebíveis da operadora de cartão onde são transacionados significativa parte dos pagamentos do serviço de corretagem e que se tornou o ponto central desta abordagem. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que, com vistas a se manter no mercado, foram necessárias as medidas de antecipação de recebíveis e que, os custos envolvidos nesta operação representam significativo valor acumulado ao longo de um ano, implicando na suplementação do capital de giro, o que motivou uma revisão geral do planejamento financeiro para manter-se adimplente quanto às obrigações do dia a dia.
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN CYSTS USING NEEDLE ASPIRATION AND INFILTRATING ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF A PRIVATE DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE
Authors: Baduku TS
Published: August 2023

Background: Ovarian cysts are common in reproductive women. They range from the simple to the complex type which has low consequence to be neoplastic in nature. Simple cysts detected on ultrasound can be managed without surgical intervention. Objective: To evaluate the management of ovarian cysts by aspiration and instilling of antimicrobial drugs into the cavities by trans-abdominal ultrasound guide. Materials and Methods: A mixture of stratified and convenience sampling methods were used as the patients came from their referral centres, and fifty-three (53) women who were diagnosed with ovarian cysts were enrolled for the study. The age range was between 18 and 55 years. They all had a transabdominal ultrasound (US)– guided cyst aspiration and Antibiotics were infiltrated into the cyst cavity to prevent post-aspiration infection. The aspirated samples were sent for culture and sensitivity, and cytology. The procedure was repeated in few patients because of recurrence. Results: Fifty-three patients satisfied the criteria for the procedure and follow-up. Nineteen (19) patients had right-sided cysts, while thirty-one (31) were left-sided, and three (3) bilateral. The drained cyst volume ranged from 10.2 to 2560mls, with an average cyst volume of 223mls. Staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella and Escherichia coli are the three organisms isolated from the aspirates, while 58.49% produced sterile culture results. No malignant cells were found in any of the cytologic specimens. During follow-up, only 3 (5.7%) aspirated cysts recurred. Patients received analgesics and antibiotics, as no major complication was observed. Conclusion: Aspiration of simple ovarian cysts is a suitable alternative to surgical exploration, particularly when drugs are infiltrated into the aspirated cyst cavity. Key words: Ovarian cysts, ultrasound-guided transabdominal aspiration, drug instillation
VARIANT MORPHOLOGICAL SHAPES OF THE FORAMEN MAGNUM IN DELTA STATE NIGERIA: CT STUDY
Authors: Ominde BS , Jayeioba-Ojigho JE , Okoro GO , Igbigbi PS
Published: August 2023

Background: The morphology of the foramen magnum (FM) is of growing interest among forensic and anthropological experts. It is also important in the surgical management of lesions around the craniovertebral junction. This study elucidates the morphological shapes of the FM in adult Nigerians of Delta state. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Radiology Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Delta State, Nigeria following the institution's ethical approval. The FM was identified on skull computed tomographic images of 336 adult patients (199 males and 137 females). The shape of the foramen was assigned from its appearance and using the foramen magnum index, calculated as length/width. Data analysis was accomplished using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. Weighted Cohen kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to assess the categorical and continuous variables respectively for inter and intra-observer agreement. The frequencies of the variant shapes were presented in percentages while their association with sex and age were assessed using Chi-square test. P-value was considered significant at <0.05. Results: The most predominant shape was the oval shape (109, 32.4%) followed by the egg shape (108, 32.1%). The FM shapes did not show any significant association with age or gender (p>0.05). Using the foramen magnum index, the asymmetrical shapes were more 66.7% (224) than the oval FM (112, 33.3%). Conclusion: The variant morphological shapes of the FM in our studied population highlight the need for preoperative radiological assessment for successful and safe surgeries at the craniovertebral junction. Key words: foramen magnum, shape, craniovertebral, morphology
AN OVERVIEW OF CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ASTHMA IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ojo OT
Published: August 2023

Background: Asthma is one of the respiratory diseases with an increasing trend in Africa. The aim of asthma treatment is control of asthma symptoms and the prevention of risk of exacerbations. Asthma management is still suboptimal in Nigeria despite advanced knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease and guidelines available for treatment. This review examines some of several challenges in current asthma management in Nigeria. Objective: To examine challenges in current asthma management in Nigeria. Data Sources: This includes PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AJOL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Research gate and Scopus. Only observational studies retrievable in the English Language were included. All studies were assessed for methods and study designs. Conclusion: There are a number of challenges to providing optimal management of asthma in Nigeria and these are centered on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Current challenges in asthma management include illiteracy, poverty, unavailability of asthma medications, pollution, poor inhaler technique, lack of ICU care, stigmatization, language barrier, poor monitoring and poor asthma research. Strategies that will address these challenges should be the focus for stakeholders including physicians and policymakers at the National and state levels to improve the quality of asthma care in Nigeria for optimal control. Keywords: Asthma, asthma control, asthma management, asthma challenges
PROSTATE CANCER: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND SCREENING PRACTICES AMONG MALE CIVIL SERVANTS IN LAGOS STATE, SOUTH-WESTERN, NIGERIA
Authors: Abiola AO , Adejare AA , Lawal AO , Abdulkareem AT , Adunmoye A , Oyeleke GK , Tijani HK
Published: August 2023

Background: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of prostate cancer screening among male civil servants in Lagos state, Nigeria Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaires. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 250 respondents. Responses to the knowledge and attitude questions were scored and graded as poor (<50%) and good (?50%). The mean knowledge and attitude scores were also determined. Univariate and bivariate analysis were carried out. P value?0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age and age range of the respondents were 43.06 ± 8.22 years and 20-59 years respectively. Only 75(31.12%) of the respondents had good knowledge of prostate cancer. The mean knowledge score (%) was 31.54±20.91. There was a statistically significant relationship (p?0.05) between respondents' monthly income and knowledge of prostate cancer. Attitudes toward prostate cancer screening were good among 225(93.36%) of the respondents. Mean attitude score (%) was 69.46±12.57. There was a statistically significant association (p?0.05) between respondents' level of education and attitudes toward prostate cancer screening. Only 59(24.48%) of the respondents have ever done prostate cancer screening test. There was a statistically significant relationship (p?0.05) between respondents' monthly income and practice of prostate cancer screening. Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of prostate cancer screening is poor even among seemingly educated people. Health education campaigns utilizing the electronic media should be conducted regularly by Lagos state ministry of health to increase awareness among civil servants in Lagos state. Keywords: Prostate cancer, screening, knowledge, attitu
THE ROLE OF PATHOLOGISTS IN PATIENT CARE: A NIGERIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mohammed Y
Published: August 2023

Background: The field of modern medicine has witnessed tremendous growth and diversification since the 18 century. Laboratory medicine (pathology) is one of the founding sub-specialties. However, the roles and functions of pathologists is poorly understood in contemporary time even among some physicians' colleagues. Methodology: Literature search was conducted using the relevant keywords from recognized data bases of AJOL, Google Scholar and PUBMED amongst others. Results: This paper elaborates an abridged history of medicine as it affects pathology then reviewed the practice of pathology in Nigeria versus the laws establishing the practice. Subsequently, the workflow in clinical laboratories was considered and this was wrapped off with the functions of pathologists. Conclusions: The role of pathologist in the modern era of medicine cannot be overemphasized. It is hoped that this review paper may open windows for further specialization in this branch of medicine. Keywords: Pathology, Laboratory, Medicine, Practice, Clinical.
CORRELATION BETWEEN INTAKE OF DIETARY PHYTOCHEMICALS AND CIRCULATING ADIPONECTIN LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC NIGERIANS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Abdullahi M , Aliyu GG , Adamu H
Published: August 2023

Background: Regular consumption of dietary phytochemicals as part of dietary pattern has been suggested as a possible effective dietary strategy of modulating circulating adiponectin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, findings from previous studies across different ethnic groups are inconsistent. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between intake of dietary phytochemicals and circulating level of adiponectin among a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a specialist hospital in north eastern Nigeria. Methods: Dietary intake assessment was done using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and intake of dietary phytochemicals was calculated as dietary phytochemical index. The study subjects were categorized in to four quartiles according to their median intake of dietary phytochemicals. Fasting plasma glucose and adiponectin were measured among the study subjects. Analysis of variance and partial correlation analyses were used to determine the relationships between the study variables. Results: Higher circulating adiponectin level was observed among subjects with higher intake of dietary phytochemicals in the fourth quartile compared to the subjects with lower intake of dietary phytochemicals in the first quartile (9.8 ± 2.5µg/mL vs 8.2 ± 2.3µg/mL, p-value for trend < 0.05).There was a statistically significant positive correlation between intake of dietary phytochemicals and plasma level of adiponectin, among the study subjects, regardless of gender and independent of age and BMI and duration of diabetes mellitus (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study, consumption of a diet rich in phytochemicals has the potential to improve circulating adiponectin level. We recommend further interventional studies to establish the role of dietary phytochemicals in the optimization of the management of type 2 diabetes
METAPLASTIC BREAST CARCINOMA WITH OSTEOSARCOMATOUS DIFFERENTIATION AND LUNG METASTASIS: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Raheem N , Wadinga DW
Published: August 2023

Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare form of breast cancer occurring in less than 1%. It constitutes a distinct aggressive form of invasive breast cancer with histological evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition towards spindle, chondroid or osseous cell type. Osseous metaplasia is an extremely rare variant of metaplastic breast carcinoma. We, therefore, present this case of a 45yr old woman with metaplastic breast carcinoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation and lung metastasis due to this rare combination. This patient had a massive recurrent tumour within two weeks of mastectomy. Keywords: Metaplastic, Breast, Cancer, osteosarcomatous
MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE AMONG SCHOOL GIRLS IN SOKOTO, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Ahmed Y , Umar AG
Published: August 2023

Background: Practices related to menstruation hygiene are of major concern, as it has a health impact which if neglected, may lead to long term reproductive health consequences. The aim of this study was to identify the menstrual hygiene practices and experience among school girls in our environment so as to identify the situations on ground and set up strategies for improvement. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study where 173 respondents of two secondary schools within Sokoto metropolis were recruited. A semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used and information obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 22. The result obtained was summarized in text, tables and chart. Result: The mean age of the respondents was 16±2 years. years. The mean age at menarche was 13.3±1.2 years. Majority(74.1%), had information on menstruation prior to its onset and the source of information were the mothers. Up to 89.9% knew that menstruation is a normal physiological process.Most of them (93.9) heard of menstrual hygiene and the main source were their mothers (50%). Majority, 92.5% of the respondents used sanitary pad for absorbent and 78.0%% changed the pads at least 3 times daily. Mothers were the major source of the sanitary pads used and majority (74.0%) wrapped and disposed-off the used pads in the waste bin. Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene practice is fair in our environment. There is need for both financial and psychological support by male parents, teachers, NGOs and Government agencies. Keywords: Menstruation hygiene, practice, experience, school girls, Sokoto.
GIANT NASO-MAXILLARY DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA IN A NIGERIAN FEMALE - CASE REPORT
Authors: Adeyeye FM , Aliyu DJ , Sahabi SM
Published: August 2023

Naso-maxillary dermatofibrosarcoma is a rare clinical condition in our environment. We present an unusual and first ever case of dermatofibrosarcoma of the nose and its attendant surgical challenges in a resource limited setting. A 24year old female presented at the outpatient clinic of the department of otorhinolaryngology of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto in November 2012. She had a 2-year history of progressively increasing painless swelling on the left naso-maxillary region of the face, associated with complete left nasal obstruction. Physical examination shows facial asymmetry with a huge, firm, ulcerative, pedunculated mass on the left nasomaxillary region of the midface with intranasal extension. Plain radiographs of the paranasal sinuses show no bony involvement. She had complete tumor excision with good oncological margins. Histopathological analysis of the tissue confirmed dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance. Patient had no recurrence after 4 years.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE CORPUS BILÍNGUE PORTUGUÊS-INGLÊS COM MARCAÇÃO XML DE ITENS CULTURAIS-ESPECÍFICOS EM TRADUÇÃO INTERLINGUAL
Authors: Marcelino João Gabriel Carvalho
Published: August 2023

Este trabalho visa apresentar a utilização de marcação em eXtensible Markup Language (XML) para anotação de Itens culturais específicos na construção de um corpus bilíngue no par português-inglês. Para tanto, delimitam-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: i) Apresentar os estágios iniciais da construção de um corpus bilingue com marcação XML; ii) Apresentar uma proposta de lógica de anotação de Itens culturais específicos no corpus; e iii) Fazer anotações de itens cultuais específicos no corpus com marcação XML. Os textos utilizados para a construção do corpus apresentado neste trabalho correspondem aos capítulos Mudança e Fabiano, da obra Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos, e suas respectivas traduções por Ralph Edward Dimmick em Barren Lives, intituladas A New Home e Fabiano, respectivamente. Metodologicamente realiza-se um estudo experimental, orientado aos estudos de corpora construindo um corpus bilíngue, apontando os critérios de anotação, a construção e a orientação do corpus para os interesses de pesquisa no campo dos Estudos da Tradução, a partir de um recorte inicial da obra estudada e sua respectiva tradução. Como fundamentação teórica, parte-se dos estudos de Hardie (2014), Aixelá (2013), Magalhães (2001), entre outros autores que discutem os Estudos da Tradução, Linguística de corpus e Itens Culturais-específicos. Com a marcação XML busca-se realizar anotações identificando itens culturais específicos do sertão nordestino para observar o tratamento dado às especificidades no processo de tradução. Os resultados destacam que a utilização da marcação XML possibilita a identificação de padrões na tradução para lidar com itens culturais específicos do sertão nordestino, permitindo quantificar traduções, estrangeirizações e domesticações, possibilitando tornar a análise mais eficiente.
ENCONTRO ESTRANHO
Authors: Valadares de Paiva Verônica Maria
Published: August 2023

Ainda são escassos os estudos sobre a profissão do revisor de textos, tratando-se de uma área cuja práxis permanece envolta em percepções equivocadas de normatização gramatical somente. Dentre as várias possibilidades de atuação do revisor de textos, existe aquela voltada para a revisão de textos literários, sejam eles escritos diretamente na língua nativa ou traduzidos. Este artigo propõe um estudo acerca da ainda pouco comentada revisão de poesia, mais especificamente, da revisão da tradução do texto poético. A partir das teorias de tradução de poesia expostas por Britto (2012), Laranjeira (2012) e Faleiros (2012), serão analisadas três traduções distintas do poema “Anthem for Doomed Youth”, do poeta de guerra inglês Wilfred Owen, sugerindo intervenções pontuais de acordo com o trabalho de revisão. Com isso, almeja-se contribuir nos estudos da revisão de textos, investigando quais seriam suas práticas e seus limites, assim como a relação entre tradutor e revisor.
OS DIVERSOS OLHARES E JOGOS DE LINGUAGEM ACERCA DA TRADUÇÃO CULTURAL: UMA VISÃO CRÍTICA SOBRE OS (PRÉ)CONCEITOS EQUIVOCADOS SOBRE OS INDÍGENAS
Authors: DE CARVALHO MARIO SERGIO SILVA
Published: August 2023

A presente narrativa é um relato de experiencia dos acontecimentos ocorridos na ministração da disciplina LE380-Tradução Cultural e Estudos Pós-Coloniais, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras – PPGLI, curso de Doutorado em Linguagens e Identidades da Universidade Federal do Acre, ocorrida de forma compartilhada por dois professores do PPGLI - UFAC.  O objetivo do presente relato é descrever, através de jogos de cenas ficcionais, outros modos de ver e (res)significar os principais conceitos, discussões e reflexões que emergiram em sala de aula, em conjunto como os doutorandos do PPGLI/UFAC, conceitos estes relativos a Tradução Cultural, possibilitando assim um melhor entendimento e como esses conceitos, discussões e reflexões irão impactar na construção dos saberes dos alunos e em suas escritas que serão futuramente apresentadas ao PPGLI.  Os sujeitos desse relato foram 09(nove) alunos da disciplina, onde tínhamos Mestrandos, Doutorandos do PPGLI, ouvinte e alunos especiais. A metodologia a ser abordada no presente relato de experiência, foi a terapia desconstrucionista como atitude metódica de pesquisa, buscando inspiração na Filosofia da Linguagem, de Wittgenstein (1999), e na Desconstrução, de Derrida (2002), com a utilização de enxertias teóricas no “corpus” da narrativa e na proposição dos jogos de cenas ficcionais. Como aporte nas discussões buscou-se apoio em FREIRE(2000), NENEVÉ (2005) e MITTMAN (2003), entre outros, por sustentarem a importância na tradução cultural, pois traduzir é interpretar, colocar seus entendimentos, como jogos de linguagem que adquirem sentido nos diversos usos sociais, e nos diferentes modos ou formas de vidas. Pretende-se com as narrativas, contribuir com a desmistificação dos conceitos que serão abordados e discutidos no presente relato, esparramando-os para as diversas áreas de conhecimento que forem (res)significadas nos seus diversos usos.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O PROCESSO DE ADAPTAÇÕES CULTURAIS NO FILME DIVERTIDA MENTE
Authors: Lins Thais Mazotti , Cordeiro Campos Giovana
Published: August 2023

O processo de traduzir não envolve apenas palavras e expressões, mas também aspectos culturais dos texto-fonte e meta, lembrando que os Estudos da Tradução se fundam na proposta da tradução como processo histórico-social-cultural. Além disso, tendo em vista que os sentidos de um produto audiovisual são produzidos por meio da “leitura” não apenas do texto oral (falado), mas também das imagens e sons (músicas, cores, montagem, cortes etc.), cabe aos Estudos da Tradução refletirem sobre o modo como todo um conjunto de componentes é relacionado na obra fonte e como se dão essas relações na obra meta. O filme Divertida Mente, produzido em 2015 pela Pixar Animation Studios, é objeto interessante para a abordagem das relações culturais que podem ser estabelecidas por meio da proposta de circulação de obras audiovisuais para além de seu contexto de produção. Em nossa pesquisa, observamos que, por ter como temática os sentimentos das personagens, em especial os personificados Alegria, Tristeza, Medo, Raiva e Nojinho, Divertida Mente apresenta em suas traduções para outros contextos adaptações culturais não apenas nas legendas ou dublagens, mas no próprio corpo do objeto audiovisual. Por meio do cotejo entre texto-fonte (o filme em inglês) e meta (o filme traduzido), é possível ver alterações com o objetivo de que os “novos” públicos possam compreender as emoções que estão sendo retratadas e que sejam produzidos neles sentimentos semelhantes, possibilitando uma identificação. Tomando como base propostas dos Estudos da Tradução, mais especificamente o conceito de adaptação (BAKER, 2005) e o de reescrita (LEVEFERE, [1992] 2007), o presente artigo busca discutir algumas das adaptações culturais do referido filme, de modo a refletir sobre o processo de tradução de textos fílmicos em que há o recurso de adaptações culturais para gerar uma maior aproximação e compreensão entre o texto e o público.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Lima de Paiva Tatiane , Fernandes de Souza Izabela , Ramos de Paula Camila
Published: August 2023

Este novo número, a Revista Trama apresenta aos seus leitores um conjunto de reflexões relacionadas aos Estudos da Tradução em seus distintos imbricamentos teórico-conceituais. A coletânea reúne textos que evidenciam o caráter intertextual, interdisciplinar e histórico do ato de traduzir. O presente dossiê recebeu contribuições de distintos vieses: descritivo, comparativo e teórico das diversas áreas de pesquisa em tradução resultantes de experiências desenvolvidas em programas de pós-graduação e projetos. Os trabalhos aqui reunidos são mostras de uma prática reflexiva da tradução, alinhada ao seu compromisso ético-político com a sociedade.
लोकधर्मी जनकवि श्री रामस्वरूप लाल ‘मंगल’ के द्वारा रचे गए गीतों का विश्लेषण एवं मूल्यांकन
Authors: सरिता श्रीवास्तव  , डॉ मंजू श्रीवास्तव
Published: August 2023

लोक साहित्य लोक में सर्वदा से समृद्धि रहा है। इसकी भूरि भूरि प्रशंसा चत्र-यत्र ही नहीं, भोजपुरी इतिहास समाज में सभी जगह प्रतिस्थापित है। इसके बड़े-बड़े उच्च रचनाकार लेखक हुए जिनकी धवल कीर्ति देश के इतिहास पटल पर अंकित है। उनकी यश पलाका अम्बर में बहुत दिनों से और आज भी छाई हुई है। सम्भवतः उनका नाम उनका यश सर्वदा इस धरती पर विद्यमान रहेगा। उन्हीं रचनाकारों में एक नाम है लोकधर्मी कवि श्री रामस्वरूप लाल ‘मंगल’ का जो सुकवि ही नहीं, सच्चे सन्त, एवं लोक विधाओं के पथ-प्रदर्शक रहे।
इनकी रचनाएँ साधारण से उच्चकोटि तक हुई। उसमें इन्होंने जो भाव शब्दों का समावेश अलंकार छन्द आदि जो सजाया है, वह देश के लोक साहित्य के बड़े बड़े रचनाकारों में भी विद्यमान है। ये बहुत कम उम्र से ही रचना करना आरम्भ कर दिए थे। ये नैसर्गिक प्रतिभा के धनी थे। आरम्भ से ही ये भोजपुरी साहित्य में धार्मिक गीतों को रचकर लोक मंगल करते रहे। सम्भवतः ये हिन्दी साहित्य की सारी विधाओं के मर्मज्ञ रचनाकार थे।लोभ लाभ लालच से इन्होंने कभी भी रचना नहीं किया। मंच माइक माला की इनको कभी भी हृदय से चाहत नहीं रही।
आज भी सारा समाज प्रान्त देश इन्हें एक सन्त ही समझता है। इनके बहुत शिष्य उनके गीतों को गा-गा कर अपना जीवन यापन अच्छे ढंग से कर रहे हैं। मंगल मुन्शी जी के जीवन के विषय में क्या कहा जाए? इन्होंने अपने जीवन को एक सच्चे फकीर की तरह बिताया। अपना कागज, अपनी कलम, अपने स्याही से गीत लिखकर ये गायकों को जीवन भर देते रहे। इनके उपनाम ‘मंगल’ को कौन नहीं जानता? बड़े-बड़े उच्च कवियों में इनका नाम बड़े आदर से लिया जाता है।
मुन्शी जी को इनकी रचनाओं से बड़ा सम्मान मिलना चाहिए था, वह नहीं मिल सका। मंगल मुन्शी जी की काव्यागत शैली अद्वितीय रही। इन्होंने भोजपुरी लोकगीतों की धर्मिता को एक नया आयाम दिया है। इन्होंने भोजपुरी एवं खड़ी हिन्दी की जो सुन्दर परिपाटी विकसित की है उसकी सुगन्ध आज देश के चारों ओर बिखरी हुई है। इस शोध में सभी सूचनाएं पुस्तकालय,इन्टरनेट,समाचार एवं पत्र-पत्रिकाएं और सम्मलेन सभागार आदि से प्राप्त किया गया है |यह आंचलिक भाषा और कवि और उनकी कविता में उनके योगदान में प्रकाशित करता है |
International Developments Related to Protection of Traditional Knowledge
Authors: Vaishnavi Narsingrao Patange
Published: August 2023

International development efforts have increasingly recognized the importance of protecting traditional knowledge, especially in the context of indigenous communities. Traditional knowledge encompasses a broad range of information, practices, and beliefs that have been passed down through generations within a community, often related to areas such as medicine, agriculture, and the environment.
However, the exploitation of traditional knowledge by outsiders has led to concerns about intellectual property rights and cultural appropriation.
International efforts to protect traditional knowledge have included the creation of legal frameworks, such as the Nagoya Protocol, which aims to ensure that access to and use of traditional knowledge is based on prior informed consent and that benefits are shared fairly. Additionally, initiatives such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples have emphasized the importance of recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples to their traditional knowledge and cultural heritage.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain in effectively protecting traditional knowledge. The complexity of traditional knowledge and the diversity of indigenous communities means that a one- size-fits-all approach is not always effective. Additionally, the power imbalances between indigenous communities and external actors can make it difficult to ensure that traditional knowledge is used and shared in a manner that respects the rights and autonomy of the communities involved.
Overall, protecting traditional knowledge is an important aspect of international development efforts, and requires ongoing engagement with indigenous communities to ensure that their rights and knowledge are respected and protected.
Peripheral Blood Cell Profile and Monocyte–High-density Lipoprotein Ratio in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Hospital-based Case-control Study
Authors: Dikbas Husniye Aylin , Seker Demet , Dikbas Oguz
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive abilities. The monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR) has emerged as a new marker of inflammation in recent years. The purpose of this research was to examine MHR alterations in AD and to assess its feasibility as a straightforward and easily computable biomarker for evaluating the severity of the disease.

Material and methods

A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 101 patients with AD and 81 age and sex-matched controls from the hospital records. AD was diagnosed according to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria. The hospital’s electronic patient record data between September 2021 and April 2022 were screened.

Results

Individuals diagnosed as having AD were classified into three subgroups based on the progression of the disease, mild, moderate, and severe. MHR was higher in the moderate and severe dementia subgroups compared with the controls according to subgroup analysis (P=0.013). An increase in MHR was found in patients with AD. The multivariate logistic regression analysis model revealed that a one-unit increase in MHR resulted in a 1.081 times increase in the risk of AD (OR: 1.081, 95% CI: [1.005-1.162]; P= 0.035).

Conclusions

High MHR values could not be used as a diagnostic test for AD. Instead, because it negatively correlates with MMSE, it could be a good index reflecting the increased AD risk and disease severity.