bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL QUINOLINE BASED 2-AZETIDINONES AND 4-THIAZOLIDINONES
Authors: Govindarao K. , Srinivasan N. , Suresh R. , Ravi Shankar K ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem - 533 437, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: November 2021

The present work describes the synthesis of a series of quinoline based 4-thiazolidinone and 2-azetidinone derivatives from Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of 2-chloro-3-formylquinoline and 3-4-aminoacetophenones. Quinoline based 4-thiazolidinone and 2-azetidinone derivatives have been prepared by the reaction of various substituted Schiff base with thioglycholic acid and chloroacetyl chloride, respectively. The intermediate Schiff bases were synthesized by the condensation of different quinoline aldehydes with amino acetophenones. The starting compound i.e aldehyde was synthesized through Vilsmeier reaction from respective acetanilides. The synthesized compounds were characterized by their physical and spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by using cup plate method against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL concentration using ciprofloxacin as reference standard drug and Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans as same concentration using clotrimazole as reference drug, respectively. The spectral data of synthesized compounds of (3a-f), (4a-e) and (5a-f) were characterized by ES Mass, 1H-NMR, IR spectrophotometric methods. The antimicrobial results revealed that the quinoline based Schiff bases, azitidinone and thiazolodinones analogues showed good activity towards Gram (+) bacteria as compared to ciprofloxacin. These compounds showed decent activity against Gram (-) bacteria.
TOXICITY STUDIES ON SILVER AND COPPER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Samuel P , Pavithra B , Priyadarshini R. , Maheswari V. , Vijayakumar J. , Selvarathinam T. ,   Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, (Autonomous), Sivakasi – 626 124, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: November 2021

In a pilot scale study, silver and copper nanoparticles were synthesized from two different plant sources viz Flacourtia indica and Prosopsis juliflora. The in vivo toxicity of silver and copper nanoparticles was tested on Danio rerio (Zebra fish) under different concentrations (1 ppm, 10 ppm and 100 ppm). Through the investigation, the nanoparticles treated fishes developed with hyper pigmentation in the ventral region. The minimum lethal concentration required to bring lethality caused by silver nanoparticle was 10 ppm whereas for copper nanoparticles it was 1 ppm. Further, the concentration of silver and copper nanoparticles accumulated inside the fish was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The in vivo concentration of silver and copper nanoparticles steadily increases with increase in dosage of nanoparticles being tested.
BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF MICRONIZED GLICLAZIDE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY LC-MS/MS AND ITS PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES
Authors: Bose R. , Dan S , Mandal P. , Sarkar P. , Ghosh B , Ghosh L. K. , Pal T. K. ,   Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), Govt. of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi - 110 002, India
Published: November 2021

Drugs having poor oral bioavailability, fail to reach the minimum effective concentration required to achieve pharmacological action. Improvement of the oral bioavailability of the drug is the most realistic approach, as it is the most preferred and convenient route of administration. Besides numerous techniques to improve oral bioavailability of the drugs, particle size reduction leads to increase in the effective surface area, resulting in enhancement of solubility and dissolution velocity of the drug. In the present study a sustained release tablet formulation containing 60mg micronized gliclazide was attempted to develop and a randomized, two period, two treatment crossover, single dose, pilot study of test preparation along with a marketed sample of Gliclazide 60mg was carried out on 6 healthy male, adult, human volunteers under fasting condition to establish the bioequivalence of the new formulation with a washout period of one week. The developed method was found to be simple, reproducible, sensitive, and specific for the determination of gliclazide from plasma and was also applied to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of gliclazide. The mean peak plasma levels of gliclazide with the reference preparation on the study day ranged between 2562.27–2823.61ng/mL, while the test preparation ranged between 3091.24–3467.66ng/mL. On the basis of comparison of the AUC0-t for gliclazide after single dose administration, the relative bioavailability of the test preparation was 109.96% of that of the reference preparation.
Propriedades mecânicas das fases ferrita e austenita de aço inoxidável duplex
Authors: F. Dias, D. , Diniz M. G. , A. R. Pimenta,
Published: November 2021

Aços inoxidáveis duplex apresentam elevada resistência mecânica e resistência à corrosão, propriedades requeridas pelas indústrias petroquímicas. Esta combinação tem ampliado a utilização destes aços, e motivado diversas pesquisas. Os aços inoxidáveis duplex recebem este nome, devido à microestrutura ser formada por aproximadamente 50% de austenita e 50% de ferrita. Sabe-se que a dureza está diretamente relacionada à resistência mecânica, e que esta propriedade pode variar de acordo com a microestrutura do material. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar e comparar a dureza das fases austenita e ferrita presentes nos aços duplex. Uma amostra foi preparada metalográficamente, sendo posteriormente atacada com a solução Behara pela técnica de “color etching”. Após o ataque químico as amostras foram submetidas a ensaios de microdureza Vickers, apresentando 247,8±35,1 HV0,1 e 263,22±11,6 HV0,1 para a ferrita e austenita, respectivamente. Após analise estatística dos resultados, concluiu-se que as fases ferrita e austenita possuem durezas similares.

Duplex stainless steels have high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance properties required by the petrochemical industry. This combination has expanded the use of these steels, and motivated many studies. The duplex stainless steels are named because of the microstructure is formed by about 50% to 50% austenite and ferrite. It is known that the hardness is directly related to mechanical strength, and that this property can vary depending on the microstructure of the material. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the hardness of austenite and ferrite phases present in the duplex stainless steels. A sample was prepared by metallographic preparation techniques, and was then attacked with the solution BEHARA with technique of color etching. After etching the samples were tested for Vickers microhardness, with 247.8 ± 35.1 HV0, 1 and 263.22 ± 11.6 HV0, 1 for ferrite and austenite, respectively. After statistical analysis of results showed that the ferrite and austenite phases have similar hardness.
NOVAS NOTAS SOBRE FORMAS DA SEXUALIDADE ANCESTRAL NAS ROCHAS DO PARQUE NACIONAL SERRA DA CAPIVARA – PNSC/PI
Authors: Justamand Michel , Balbino Ana Cristina Alves , De Oliveira Gabriel Frechiani , De Almeida Vitor José Rampaneli , De Oliveira Matteus Freitas , Belarmino Vanessa da Silva
Published: November 2021

Este escrito tem por objetivo central apresentar algumas representações sexuais nos vestígios rupestres no Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara – PNSC, no sudoeste do Piauí, Brasil. No parque são conhecidos mais de 1000 sítios arqueológicos com os registros rupestres. Entre eles há representações dos afazeres da vida ancestral, como caça, coleta, lutas, cerimoniais, sexualidades e outros mais. Esses vestigios vem sendo estudados e analisados desde os anos 70 do século passado. A seguir analisaremos só os com a temática da sexualidade.
Cryptography: Security and Integrity of Data Management
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Lucknow, India, Abbasi Faisal , Singh Pawan ,   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University, Lucknow, India
Published: November 2021

The internet always deals with data. Basically, data is any type of digital information that has been stored in the servers. With the advancement of technology, billions of tons of data have been accumulated over the internet. Protection of these data is very crucial as; theft of these data will lead to damages beyond imagination. Data Security is the protection of these data and privacy, which prevent hackers from unauthorized access to computers, applications, and data servers. Data security is achieved by implementing Cryptography. Cryptography is a technique in which data is encrypted and stored in the databases so that if by chance anyone gets access to these data, it will of no use to them. There are many cryptography algorithms that are widely used to encrypt and decrypt data, some of them are the AES algorithm, stream ciphers, DES algorithms, etc. The concept of cryptography is not only limited to text encryption but also has a wide application in visual cryptography, watermarking, steganography, etc. Now a day’s security of communication has become very important, especially after people have started using internet banking. Everything on the world wide web is all about confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.
Attempt to Monopolisation and Digital Markets: Enforcement Gap
Authors: Kore Savitri , Yadav Jyotsna
Published: November 2021

Rapid technological development, particularly in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, has led to a significant change in the industrial structure as well. Regulatory bodies world over are struggling to adjust to these changing scenarios. There is a widespread discussion regarding the need to regulate technology-driven markets such as e-commerce, telecommunication, etc. The practices used by some business giants are going against the neoclassical economic theory that profit maximisation is the goal of every firm. Firms are opting growth over profit. A large number of investigations were opened in India against business giants. Some of them were able to find contraventions of the Competition Act, 2002 (the Act). However, a large number of investigations were closed due to the lack of cognizance of collective dominance in law or inability to prove dominance in the traditional economic sense. It can be seen from the current jurisprudence of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) that there are constraints in handling competition issues in technology-driven industries mainly on account of the extant legal framework which does not recognise the need of assessing an appreciable adverse effect on competition where the dominance of the firm is not apparent. Although, the Act takes into account attempt to cartelisation as a contravention of the Act, it does not envisage an attempt to monopolise as a contravention of the Act. The past and current jurisprudence of the CCI indicates that CCI’s view is also undergoing radical change. This paper discusses the concept of “attempt to monopolise” as given in the Sherman Act and its applicability in the Indian context. The paper reviews the American antitrust literature existing on this subject and analyses the key factors which constitute antitrust violations under the clause “attempt to monopolise”. While the majority view emphasises on proving dangerous probability of success while determining an attempt to monopolise, as per the minority view, “attempt” connotes conduct and not a state of being. Unlawful intent can be inferred from the conduct as a proof of an “attempt”. The law does not require completion of a crime, it requires conduct. Thus, an attempt to monopolise is a conduct offence. This paper argues that borrowing the attempt to monopolise concept from the Sherman Act, 1890 will be helpful for the CCI in handling antitrust cases in technology-driven industries such as e-commerce, telecommunications, transport, etc.

It will go a long way in achieving competitive markets, increased consumer choice and welfare in the long-run.
Sob o trivial: imagem, reconversão e potência com Sandro Ka
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Knaak Bianca
Published: November 2021

No contínuo desenvolvimento da indústria cultural, as relações sociais são mediadas por imagens substitutas e valorativas de outras representações e subjetividades. Projeções de ausências de algo que não pode ser confinado à representação artística, num território de trocas simbólicas onde se destacam as instituições museais. Ao refletir sobre o alcance subjetivador da arte na sociedade que produz e consome aparências, apresento o trabalho do artista Sandro Ka (1981), no recorte apresentado no Museu de Arte Contemporânea do Rio Grande do Sul na exposição Deixa Estar, sob minha curadoria (2013), abrindo brechas para a formulação do interdito.
Álbum Bélgica-Brasil: imagens para o rei ver
Authors:   Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado, Izabel Meirelles Reis Branco Ribeiro Maria
Published: November 2021

O álbum Bélgica-Brasil foi oferecido ao rei Alberto I da Bélgica (1875 –1934) e à Rainha Elisabeth (1876-1965) como recordação de sua viagem ao Brasil, com mensagens de solidariedade de artistas e escritores e informações sobre o Brasil. Reúne conjunto eclético de imagens com referências visuais à linguagem da cultura popular, da imprensa, das artes e da tradição. O estudo das fotografias e as interferências feitas por J. Carlos e Correia Dias, o álbum amplia a discussão sobre a visualidade da época e a integração do álbum ao contexto da visita.
São Paulo-1974: intensificação das atividades em torno da gravura artística
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Luisa Luz Tavora Maria
Published: November 2021

Em 1974, foram realizados na cidade de São Paulo dois eventos expositivos, o 6º Panorama de Arte Atual Brasileira no MAM paulista e a Mostra da Gravura Brasileira, proposta pela Fundação Bienal de São Paulo. Quase simultâneos, em ambos, a participação dos artistas dava-se exclusivamente por convite. Ambos atravessados pelo interesse na história e nos procedimentos técnicos da gravura, através de seus catálogos e painéis expositivos. É possível identificar no circuito artístico paulistano, o lugar da gravura moderna em seus espaços expositivos, as questões que suscitava e, mais particularmente, registrar a presença da gravura abstrata informal, em suas múltiplas variantes, produção singular que bem qualificou esta tendência da arte no Brasil, a ser revisitada e redimensionada criticamente no âmbito dos abstracionismos.
A arte da nudez de Antonio Parreiras: o retrato de Arariboia e o nu masculino como tema da pintura
Authors:   Universidade Federal Fluminense, Knauss Paulo
Published: November 2021

O trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a discussão sobre os sentidos da pintura do nu como gênero artístico no Brasil do início do século XX a partir da história do retrato de Arariboia, datado de 1909, pintado por Antonio Parreira. A obra de arte foi encomendada pela Prefeitura Municipal de Niterói para criar uma representação do líder indígena considerado fundador da cidade e foi envolvida em forte polêmica historiográfica suscitada pela representação do nu masculino. Assim, a análise enfatiza a discussão sobre a nudez masculina e a identidade de gênero como questão artística.
СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИ ДІАГНОСТИКИ РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ З ОСОБЛИВИМИ ОСВІТНІМИ ПОТРЕБАМИ
Authors: Шашлова Анастасія
Published: November 2021

У статті проаналізовано особливості проведення комплексної психолого-педагогічної оцінки розвитку дитини з особливими освітніми потребами в умовах інклюзивно-ресурсного центру із застосуванням сучасних психодіагностичних методик, які відповідають міжнародним стандартам психодіагностики та адаптовані до використання на території України. Охарактеризовано комплект ліцензійного психодіагностичного інструментарію для дослідження рівня розвитку дітей, які мають особливості психофізичного розвитку, рекомендований для проведення комплексної оцінки розвитку дітей в умовах інклюзивно-ресурсного центру. Запропоновано алгоритм роботи практичного психолога щодо здійснення оцінки когнітивної та емоційно-вольової сфер дитини в процесі проведення комплексної психолого-педагогічної оцінки розвитку дитини з особливими освітніми потребами із застосуванням комплекту психодіагностичних методик.
ТАВРІЙСЬКІ ВІЗЕРУНКИ
Authors: Степанюк Наталія
Published: November 2021

Статтю присвячено таврійському розпису  - унікальному декоративному мистецтву Миколаївського краю, історії його виникнення і особливостям символіки й орнаментики, кольорової гами, та специфіки нанесення елементів зображення. Розкрито методику опанування таврійського розпису на шкільних уроках образотворчого мистецтва та в умовах гуртка, методи й прийоми навчання учнів початкової школи, які конкретизовані на прикладах виконання ними окремих елементі таврійського розпису й цілісної композиції. Наведено покроковий супровід використання учнями 1 і 2 класів композицій на основі таврійського розпису, який вивчається в межах тем програми курсу «Мистецтво» у загальноосвітній школі.
УДК 37.017.4 + 745+ 373.3.016:74
Anais eletrônicos do XVIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Univas 2021
Authors: da Silva Neto José Dias
Published: November 2021

Anais eletrônicos do XVIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Univas 2021 contendo os resumos dos trabalhos apresentados.
Experimental Testing of Scarf Joints and Laminated Timber for Wooden Boatbuilding Applications
Authors: Souppez Jean-Baptiste
Published: November 2021

Timber construction has recently seen a significant regain of interest across a range of industries, owing to contemporary concerns for sustainability. In the marine industry, historic principles of traditional wooden boatbuilding remain present, with empirical rules still common practice, as is the case for scarf joints. Moreover, laminated wood is made more attractive and efficient thanks to modern adhesives. However, with the progress made in structural analysis, these assemblies can now be refined based on scientifically informed evidence. This paper employs destructive testing to tackle two distinct cases. On the one hand, the strength of plain scarf joints as a function of their slope is evaluated. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a range of adhesives is ascertained for the purpose of laminated manufacturing. The results are compared to both solid wood and the mechanical properties assumed by modern scantling regulations, revealing significant differences. The novel research findings provide a better understanding of these fundamental timber construction principles, supporting designers and builders alike in making informed choices while promoting safer regulatory compliance and enabling the future development of structural small craft standards. Applications beyond the structural design of wooden boats are also anticipated, for instance in sustainable buildings and architecture.
Application of Various Spectral Fatigue Analysis Methods for Ship Structures
Authors: Parihar Y , Negi A , Vhanmane S
Published: November 2021

The Spectral Fatigue Analysis (SFA) is a comprehensive fatigue life assessment method. The SFA is performed by following a systematic process at the onset of hydrodynamic analysis, structural analysis, and spectral analysis. Hydrodynamic analysis and finite element based structural analysis are numerically intense stages, and require a substantial amount of computational time and resources. In the present paper, some simplifications are imposed on individual stages to perform the SFA analysis in a practical time scale but not compromising on the underlying theoretical assumptions. Three distinct methods (semi-analytical formulation, 2D strip method, and 3D panel method) have been used to compute the wave-induced loads while the structural responses are obtained using the beam theory based formulations (in case of semi-analytical and 2D strip method) and finite element analysis (in case of 3D panel method). Fatigue damages are calculated using these methods at the selected locations of a bulk carrier and results are compared with each other. It has been shown that the first two methods (semi-analytical and 2D strip based methods) are quick and efficient and can be used in initial design assessment or identifying the fatigue prone locations. The third method is realistic and accurate and can be used in case of a comprehensive assessment of the design.
Nanoferrites-Based Drug Delivery Systems as Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer Treatments. Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ocampo Osorio Felipe , Augusto Jativa Herrera Jhon , Moscoso Londoño Oscar , Leandro Londoño Calderón César
Published: November 2021

Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, whose treatment often involves chemotherapy. In a conventional therapy, drug is transported (and usually absorbed) across biological membranes through diffusion and systemic transport. The pathway that medicine must travel before reaching the desired location, can bring adverse or unwanted effects, which are mainly the result of: low bioavailability, low solubility and toxicity. To avoiding risks, nanoparticles coated with the drug could be used as a therapeutic substance to selectively reach an area of interest to act without affecting non-target cells, organs, or tissues (drug delivery). Here, the goal is to enhance the concentration of the chemotherapeutic drug in the disease parts of the body. Among all nanostructured systems, ferrites attract worldwide attention in drug delivery applications. It is due to their versatile magnetic and physicochemical properties. Here, it is reviewed and analyzed recent advances in synthesis, morphology, size, magnetic properties, functionalization with a focus in drug delivery applications of nanoferrites.
Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Nano Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Jain Sapna , Singh Manjari
Published: November 2021

Extracellular vesicles are membrane-derived nanoparticles that represent a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. It is well reported that EVs play a central role in the tumor microenvironment by mediating intercellular signaling among cancer cells. This has resulted in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting various EV signaling pathways in cancer. However, because of their small size and endogenous origin, they have been extensively explored for cancer drug delivery. Hence, owing to their natural ability to mediate intercellular communication, high stability, and low immunogenicity, they have emerged as an attractive platform for cancer treatment. However, limited production and insufficient loading with therapeutic moieties are some of the issues constraining their clinical translation. In this chapter, recent research studies performed in an attempt to develop EVs as cancer biomarkers or drug delivery systems will be discussed. Further, it will also discuss various strategies such as direct and indirect cell surface modification, which can be employed to make EVs successful as cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, it will highlight the current and completed clinical trials using naturally derived EVs as cancer therapeutics.
Modelagem volumétrica da necromassa lenhosa em floresta manejada e não manejada na Amazônia Central
Authors: Freitas Filipe Campos de , Dantas Daniel , Azevedo Celso Paulo de , Souza Cintia Rodrigues de , Calegario Natalino
Published: November 2021

A necromassa lenhosa representa cerca de 20% do carbono disponível na biomassa acima do solo em florestas amazônicas, entretanto a sua quantificação não é uma atividade comum em estudos florestais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a modelagem volumétrica da necromassa, a fim de proporcionar uma ferramenta para quantificação desse componente da vegetação. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 15 parcelas permanentes alocadas em floresta sob manejo florestal sustentável e outras 5 em floresta não manejada localizadas no estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Foi realizada a cubagem de troncos e pedaços de troncos de árvores mortas – com diâmetro a partir de 10 cm – caídos dentro dos limites da parcela. A modelagem foi realizada por meio de regressão não linear (modelo de Schumacher-Hall), Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e Máquina de Vetor de Suporte (MSV). Nessa modelagem, os dados foram divididos em 80% para ajuste/treinamento e 20% para teste. Considerou-se como critérios de precisão da modelagem: correlação entre valores estimados e observados, raiz do erro quadrático médio e distribuição gráfica dos resíduos. Foram cubados um total de 1049 troncos ou pedaços de troncos caídos, sendo 848 na área de floresta manejada e 201 na floresta não manejada. Os três métodos testados apresentaram correlação próxima a 1, entre volume observado e estimado. Os menores RMSE% foram de 33,21% na floresta manejada (RNA) para a base de ajuste e 22,38% na floresta não manejada (Schumacher-Hall) para os dados de teste. As RNA apresentaram melhor desempenho durante a etapa de treinamento, todavia não houve boa extrapolação dos seus resultados para a base de teste. O modelo de Schumacher-Hall apresentou o melhor desempenho para as estimativas de volume com os dados da base de teste. A modelagem do volume individual de troncos mortos caídos apresentou dificuldade para minimização dos erros de estimativa devido às características dos dados.
Role of soil fauna to litter decomposition in pine stands under Atlantic Forest biome
Authors: Pech Tatiani , Fockink Guilherme Diego , Siminski Alexandre , Niemeyer Júlia Carina
Published: November 2021

Litter production and its decomposition play an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and soil quality, being a crucial process involved in ecosystem productivity and functioning. Understanding this process under pine commercial stands or pine invasions is crucial to design forest management or ecosystems restoration. We conducted a study in a commercial pine plantation (Pinus taeda L.) under Atlantic Forest biome to investigate (1) the contribution of soil fauna to pine litter mass loss; (2) the litter fauna feeding activity within seasons. Litter bags with pine needles (5 g dry weight) were prepared as exclusion treatments for different sized soil fauna by varying mesh size (2 mm and 0.06 mm). Litter bags were removed after 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 365 days to estimate the decomposition rates. Bait lamina sticks were exposed seasonally and horizontally in soil surface to determine the fauna feeding activity on litter. We found: (1) no differences in litter mass loss and decomposition rate when soil macrofauna and most of the mesofauna were excluded; (2) feeding activity of litter organisms was higher in the summer, probably stimulated by a combination of high temperature and rainfall. In commercial pine stands, we can conclude that the nutrient cycling is slower than in natural areas, related to litter traits, as described in the scientific literature. Our results indicated that soil macro and mesofauna play a low role in the pine litter decomposition, where the organic material decomposition is more related to microorganism’s activity.
Programas de rastreamento da pressão arterial: relato de experiência
Authors: Daniel Ana Carolina Queiroz Godoy , Veiga Eugenia Velludo , Candido Sarah Da Silva , Bachur Cynthia Kallás , Lamas José Luiz Tatagiba , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da construção e implementação de Programas de Rastreamento da Pressão Arterial realizados no Brasil entre os anos de 2015 e 2018. Método: relato de experiência conduzido em cinco municípios brasileiros, por meio das etapas: elaboração, cooperação, recrutamento, desenvolvimento, planejamento, treinamento, divulgação, execução e análise. Resultados: para a implementação do rastreamento foram estabelecidas parcerias com instituições públicas e privadas. Estudantes e profissionais de saúde receberam capacitação para realizar a medida da pressão arterial, preencher o instrumento de coleta de dados e orientar os participantes. Um cronograma foi elaborado para atender aos locais, datas, horários, recursos humanos e insumos necessários para a realização das atividades. Os indicadores prevalência, conhecimento, tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial compuseram a análise descritiva dos dados coletados. Conclusão: os procedimentos metodológicos apresentados neste estudo são capazes de sustentar a construção e a implementação de programas sistematizados de rastreamento da pressão arterial no Brasil.
Translation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into French-Canadian and English-Canadian and Validation in the Nursing Staff of Quebec
Authors: Gélinas Céline , Maheu Christine , Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie , Richard-Lalonde Mélissa , Gallani Maria Cecilia , Gosselin Émilie , Hébert Maude , Tchouaket Nguemeleu Eric , Côté José
Published: November 2021

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Quebec has been one of the most affected provinces in Canada. Rising fear of COVID-19 is inevitable among healthcare workers, and a new scale was developed to measure this type of fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Aims: To translate the FCV-19S into French-Canadian and English-Canadian, and to validate both versions in the nursing staff from Quebec. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was sent to approximately 15 000 nursing staff including nurses and licensed practical nurses among those who had consented to their respective Order to be contacted for research. The forward-backward method was used to translate the FCV-19S into French-Canadian and English-Canadian. Both versions along with stress and work-related questionnaires, were used to establish validity. Results: A total of 1708 nursing staff, with a majority of women, completed the survey (1517 and 191 completed the French-Canadian and English-Canadian versions). A unidimensional scale was confirmed for both versions with Cronbach alphas of 0.90 and 0.88. Discriminative values showed higher fear levels in women, and in generation X (40-56 years old). Higher fear levels were also found in nursing staff working in long-term care facilities, provided care to COVID-19 patients who died, and those who felt less prepared to provide safe care. Convergent associations were found between fear levels, stress, work satisfaction, and turnover intention. Discussion and conclusion: A rigorous approach was used to translate the fear of COVID-19 scale into French-Canadian and English-Canadian. Both Canadian versions of the FCV-19S supported a valid unidimensional scale in Quebec nursing staff.
Validation and Pilot Testing of a Guide to Measure the Costs Associated with the Management of COVID-19 and of Healthcare Associated Infections in Residential and Long-Term Care Facilities in Quebec
Authors: Tchouaket Nguemeleu Eric , Robins Stéphanie , Sia Drissa , Létourneau Josiane , Borgès Da Silva Roxane , Kilpatrick Kelley , Beogo Idrissa , Parisien Natasha , Boivin Sandra
Published: November 2021

Introduction: As elsewhere in the world, Quebec (Canada) is currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 92% of deaths have occurred among people aged over 70, and approximately 100 long-term care (LTC) centers (termed CHSLDs in Quebec) were contaminated. This alarming situation is prompting stakeholders from healthcare networks to investigate the socio-economic repercussions of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, there is no valid and reliable tool to measure the costs associated with the management of COVID-19 in CHSLDs. Objectives: This research protocol aims to: i) adapt and validate for use in CHSLDs a combined guide, Cout-COVID19-SLD, developed from 2 guides used in acute care; ii) pilot the Cout-COVID19-SLD guide in CHSLDs and test its feasibility and afterwards resolve any barriers to its administration, and to conduct a partial estimate of costs brought about by COVID-19. Methods: A two-part prospective study will be conducted. Phase 1 will use a Delphi approach with 14 to 17 experts to validate the content of the Cout-COVID19-SLD guide. Phase 2 will pilot test the guide in a cross-sectional study in two CHSLDs. Discussion and conclusion: This study will provide a validated guide for the systematic measurement of costs associated with the management of COVID-19 (costs of preventive measures and costs of illness) in CHSLDs. Finally, this guide will serve as a valid and reliable instrument with which to better plan future research surrounding the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in CHSLDs.
Audiovisual translation in primary education. Students’ perceptions of the didactic possibilities of subtitling and dubbing in foreign language learning
Authors: Fernández-Costales Alberto
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the use of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) as a didactic tool in primary education. Several studies confirm that subtitling and dubbing are beneficial for productive and receptive skills, vocabulary acquisition, translation competence, and learners’ motivation and engagement. However, research in the field has been devoted primarily to university students enrolled in translation and language programmes, and there is a dearth of papers exploring the use of AVT in early educational stages. This paper is intended to fill this gap by examining the perceptions of primary education students on the use of interlingual subtitling and creative dubbing in learning English at school. The sample includes 120 students from 10 public primary schools in Spain who participated in a 3-month teaching study. The research tool was a student questionnaire aimed at gathering their perceptions on the use of AVT; this survey was complemented with in-class observations. Results underline the favourable views students had on the use of AVT in language learning in primary education, with a slight preference for dubbing over subtitling. This outcome brings to the fore the educational possibilities of AVT, which may be a useful resource in language teaching.
Internet Platform Employment in China : Legal Challenges and Implications for Gig Workers through the Lens of Court Decisions
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Cooke Fang Lee
Published: November 2021

Research Objective and Questions

We aimed to examine court rulings on disputes between network platforms and labour providers in order to understand the nature of the employment relations and the broader consequences for society as a whole. We addressed two questions :

Methodology

We primarily used secondary data, namely 102 publicly available Court decisions from 2014 to 2019. The case decision reports were downloaded from the Supreme People’s Court “Network of Court Decision Papers.”

Results

Disputes occurred mainly in cities that have the most developed platforms and an independent worker model of employment. They mainly involved network platforms that provide such services as driving, food delivery and courier services. All of the disputes involved road accidents, and over half occurred in Beijing and Shanghai—two leading cities in China that have dense populations. Dispute cases rose sharply, peaked in 2017, started to drop in 2018 and fell even more in 2019. The disputes seem to have educated people on both sides, with the result that more precautions are being taken.

Contributions

Our study makes three contributions. First, we identified three types of platform employment in China, the motives of the platforms in their choice of labour utilization and the legal implications in terms of labour and third-party protection. Second, we examined the attitude and role of the courts in judging disputes between network platforms and labour providers within legal constraints. Third, we propose that socialization of contract service should be central to platform employment.
Docência da educação profissional: entre a universalidade e a singularidade
Authors: Mascarello Vieira Marilandi Maria , Pansera de Araújo Maria Cristina , De Aparecido Vieira Josimar
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar como os professores da educação profissional efetivam a sua docência enfocando os conhecimentos considerados relevantes e os saberes requeridos para o exercício da docência de modo semelhante aos demais níveis e etapas da educação e as especificidades da educação profissional. Toma como referência, em relação aos saberes docentes, os estudos de Imbernón, Nóvoa, Shulman e Tardif e autores brasileiros que discutem a temática. A abordagem metodológica foi orientada pela pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa de campo e os dados empíricos foram produzidos por meio de estudo de caso instrumental com uso de entrevista realizada com dez professores que atuam nos cursos técnicos de nível médio em um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia situado no sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que, de modo geral, os professores precisam construir saberes que envolvem a docência de modo universal, acrescido de singularidades que distinguem a educação profissional dos demais níveis e etapas da educação.
Implementation of the concept of hierarchical construction of threats to economic security of the state in risk management of the economic entities of fuel and energy complex
Authors: Komzolov Alexey , Kirichenko Tatiana , Nazarova Yulia , Kirichenko Olga , Barkhatov Vladimir , Kosminova Anastasiya
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the key element of ensuring the economic interests of company owners – the system of risk management and internal control. Special attention  is given to the methodology of risk management for the analysis of normative documents – laws, recommendations and standards, as well as the experience of their practical application. Comparative analysis is conducted on the corporate norms with the approaches in national strategic goal-setting with regards to national, economic and energy security, in order to develop the theory and practice of ensuring economic security of the economic entities based on the instruments devised within the system of national goal-setting. The object of this research is the economic entities and investment projects of fuel and energy complex. The scientific novelty lies in adjustment of the hierarchy of construction of challenges, threats and risks of the national strategic goal-setting in the sphere of economic security to solution of the tasks aimed at ensuring economic security of the economic entities. The relevance of the acquired results is substantiated by the difference of the authorial approach towards risk analysis in fuel and energy complex in the economic entities. Comparing to the approach of standards recommended by the economic activity regulators, which implies a single category of insecurities – “risk”, the distinction consists in implementation of the concept of hierarchical construction of the system of insecurities: challenge, threat, risk (concepts from the goal-setting documents on ensuring economic security of the state) in the new sphere of risk management of the economic entity. The authors’ original research indicate that introduction of the hierarchy of insecurities (challenges, threats, and risks) at the stage of risk identification allows simplifying and clarifying the procedure of risk assessment.
Pan-genome analysis identifies intersecting roles for Pseudomonas specialized metabolites in potato pathogen inhibition
Authors: Pacheco-Moreno Alba , Stefanato Francesca L , Ford Jonathan J , Trippel Christine , Uszkoreit Simon , Ferrafiat Laura , Grenga Lucia , Dickens Ruth , Kelly Nathan , Kingdon Alexander DH , Ambrosetti Liana , Nepogodiev Sergey A , Findlay Kim C , Cheema Jitender , Trick Martin , Chandra Govind , Tomalin Graham , Malone Jacob G , Truman Andrew W
Published: November 2021

Agricultural soil harbors a diverse microbiome that can form beneficial relationships with plants, including the inhibition of plant pathogens. Pseudomonas spp. are one of the most abundant bacterial genera in the soil and rhizosphere and play important roles in promoting plant health. However, the genetic determinants of this beneficial activity are only partially understood. Here, we genetically and phenotypically characterize the Pseudomonas fluorescens population in a commercial potato field, where we identify strong correlations between specialized metabolite biosynthesis and antagonism of the potato pathogens Streptomyces scabies and Phytophthora infestans. Genetic and chemical analyses identified hydrogen cyanide and cyclic lipopeptides as key specialized metabolites associated with S. scabies inhibition, which was supported by in planta biocontrol experiments. We show that a single potato field contains a hugely diverse and dynamic population of Pseudomonas bacteria, whose capacity to produce specialized metabolites is shaped both by plant colonization and defined environmental inputs.
Urgency forces stimulus-driven action by overcoming cognitive control
Authors: Poth Christian H
Published: November 2021

Intelligent behavior requires to act directed by goals despite competing action tendencies triggered by stimuli in the environment. For eye movements, it has recently been discovered that this ability is briefly reduced in urgent situations (Salinas et al., 2019). In a time-window before an urgent response, participants could not help but look at a suddenly appearing visual stimulus, even though their goal was to look away from it. Urgency seemed to provoke a new visual–oculomotor phenomenon: A period in which saccadic eye movements are dominated by external stimuli, and uncontrollable by current goals. This period was assumed to arise from brain mechanisms controlling eye movements and spatial attention, such as those of the frontal eye field. Here, we show that the phenomenon is more general than previously thought. We found that also in well-investigated manual tasks, urgency made goal-conflicting stimulus features dominate behavioral responses. This dominance of behavior followed established trial-to-trial signatures of cognitive control mechanisms that replicate across a variety of tasks. Thus together, these findings reveal that urgency temporarily forces stimulus-driven action by overcoming cognitive control in general, not only at brain mechanisms controlling eye movements.
Small facial image dataset augmentation using conditional GANs based on incomplete edge feature input
Authors: Hung Shih-Kai , Gan John Q.
Published: November 2021

Image data collection and labelling is costly or difficult in many real applications. Generating diverse and controllable images using conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) for data augmentation from a small dataset is promising but challenging as deep convolutional neural networks need a large training dataset to achieve reasonable performance in general. However, unlabeled and incomplete features (e.g., unintegral edges, simplified lines, hand-drawn sketches, discontinuous geometry shapes, etc.) can be conveniently obtained through pre-processing the training images and can be used for image data augmentation. This paper proposes a conditional GAN framework for facial image augmentation using a very small training dataset and incomplete or modified edge features as conditional input for diversity. The proposed method defines a new domain or space for refining interim images to prevent overfitting caused by using a very small training dataset and enhance the tolerance of distortions caused by incomplete edge features, which effectively improves the quality of facial image augmentation with diversity. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method can generate high-quality images of good diversity when the GANs are trained using very sparse edges and a small number of training samples. Compared to the state-of-the-art edge-to-image translation methods that directly convert sparse edges to images, when using a small training dataset, the proposed conditional GAN framework can generate facial images with desirable diversity and acceptable distortions for dataset augmentation and significantly outperform the existing methods in terms of the quality of synthesised images, evaluated by Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) and Kernel Inception Distance (KID) scores.
Deep learning—a first meta-survey of selected reviews across scientific disciplines, their commonalities, challenges and research impact
Authors: Egger Jan , Pepe Antonio , Gsaxner Christina , Jin Yuan , Li Jianning , Kern Roman
Published: November 2021

Deep learning belongs to the field of artificial intelligence, where machines perform tasks that typically require some kind of human intelligence. Deep learning tries to achieve this by drawing inspiration from the learning of a human brain. Similar to the basic structure of a brain, which consists of (billions of) neurons and connections between them, a deep learning algorithm consists of an artificial neural network, which resembles the biological brain structure. Mimicking the learning process of humans with their senses, deep learning networks are fed with (sensory) data, like texts, images, videos or sounds. These networks outperform the state-of-the-art methods in different tasks and, because of this, the whole field saw an exponential growth during the last years. This growth resulted in way over 10,000 publications per year in the last years. For example, the search engine PubMed alone, which covers only a sub-set of all publications in the medical field, provides already over 11,000 results in Q3 2020 for the search term ‘deep learning’, and around 90% of these results are from the last three years. Consequently, a complete overview over the field of deep learning is already impossible to obtain and, in the near future, it will potentially become difficult to obtain an overview over a subfield. However, there are several review articles about deep learning, which are focused on specific scientific fields or applications, for example deep learning advances in computer vision or in specific tasks like object detection. With these surveys as a foundation, the aim of this contribution is to provide a first high-level, categorized meta-survey of selected reviews on deep learning across different scientific disciplines and outline the research impact that they already have during a short period of time. The categories (computer vision, language processing, medical informatics and additional works) have been chosen according to the underlying data sources (image, language, medical, mixed). In addition, we review the common architectures, methods, pros, cons, evaluations, challenges and future directions for every sub-category.