bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Пра традыцыі Вялікага Княства Літоўскага і Рэчы Паспалітай, „Kresy Wschodnie” і ролю Польшчы і палякаў у гісторыі беларусаў і літоўцаў
Authors: Смалянчук [Smalianchuk] Аляксандр [Aliaksandr]
Published: January 2018

About the tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth, “Kresy Wschodnie” and the role of Poland and Poles in the history of Belarusians and LithuaniansSeveral prominent historians and researchers of historical memory from Poland, Lithuania and Belarus have focused on some questions concerning traditions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as the role of the close neighbors in the history of Poles, Lithuanians, and Belarusians. This insight give us an idea about the main directions of historical research in these countries for which the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth is a common heritage. This also allows us to understand the level of public and political interest in this problem, and reveal important trends in the historical memory of these three countries. O tradycjach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Rzeczypospolitej, „Kresach Wschodnich” oraz roli Polski i Polaków w historii Białorusinów i LitwinówZnani historycy i badacze problematyki pamięci z Polski, Litwy oraz Białorusi odpowiedzieli na pytania dotyczące tradycji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego oraz Rzeczypospolitej, a także roli bliskich sąsiadów w historii Polaków, Litwinów i Białorusinów. Odpowiedzi pokazują, jakie są podstawowe kierunki badań historycznych w krajach, dla których historia Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Rzeczypospolitej stanowi wspólne dziedzictwo, pozwalają zrozumieć, jaki jest poziom społecznego oraz politycznego zainteresowania tą problematyką, oraz ujawniają ważne tendencje związane z pamięcią historyczną tych trzech państw.
Od internacjonalnej do własnej historii – mniejszość białoruska w Polsce
Authors: Śleszyński Wojciech
Published: January 2018

From international history to one’s own history – Belorusian minority in PolandAfter World War II the Belarusians who did not leave Poland could gain upward mobility only if they avoided displaying their national and cultural distinctiveness. Belarusians made a political choice which coincided with a vision of history and thus accepted a historical narrative spread by communist circles. The narrative constructed by the Belarusian minority was consistent with the officially proclaimed state ideological narrative. It contained mostly the history of the Communist Party of Western Belarus and described a difficult situation of Belarus in the Second Polish Republic and during World War II (especially the Great Patriotic War).The Belarusian community made first attempts to rebuild the current vision of the world in 1980–1981. Students tried to create an alternative historical narrative that contradicted the communist one. However, it was a gradual collapse of the communist system that became an impetus for more active development of the Belarusian minority in Poland, and consequently, the creation of its own national vision of history. The Belarusian heritage has been based on the Belarusian People's Republic and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and not, as it was in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus or after 1994, on the Republic of Belarus and the victory in the Great Patriotic War.  Od internacjonalnej do własnej historii – mniejszość białoruska w PolscePozostała w Polsce po II wojnie światowej społeczność białoruska uzyskała możliwość awansu społecznego pod warunkiem nieeksponowania swojej narodowej i kulturowej odrębności. Białorusini, dokonując wyboru politycznego, pokrywającego się z wyborem wizji historii, akceptowali obraz dziejów prezentowany przez środowiska komunistyczne. Konstruowany przez mniejszość białoruską przekaz historyczny zgodny był z oficjalnie głoszonym państwowym przekazem ideologicznym. Dominowały treści o historii Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi, o trudnej sytuacji białoruskiej w II RP i w latach II wojny światowej, ale z naciskiem położonym jedynie na okres Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej.Pierwsze próby przebudowy dotychczasowej wizji świata przez społeczność białoruską zostały podjęte w latach 1980–1981. Zwłaszcza środowiska studenckie próbowały stworzyć alternatywę dla dotychczasowego skomunizowanego, białoruskiego przekazu historycznego. Jednak dopiero stopniowy upadek systemu komunistycznego stał się impulsem do coraz bardziej aktywnego rozwoju mniejszości białoruskiej w Polsce, a co za tym idzie także kreowania własnej, narodowej wizji dziejów. Fundamentem, na którym budowana była pamięć o dziedzictwie, stało się odwoływanie się do Białoruskiej Republiki Ludowej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, a nie, jak to miało miejsce w Białoruskiej Socjalistycznej Republice Sowieckiej czy po 1994 r. w Republice Białoruś, zwycięstwa w Wielkiej Wojnie Ojczyźnianej.
Czy polskość jest (słownikowo) definiowalna?
Authors: Chlebda Wojciech
Published: January 2018

Can Polishness be (Lexicographically) Defined?The author argues that the essence of Polishness (polskość) is found in the Polish language, that is, in the language system, as well as in texts written in Polish; hence, it should be possible to reproduce and define the very concept of Polishness. So far, it should be stressed, the definitions of the concept of Polishness found in dictionaries of the Polish language have not provided any information on components of the concept under scrutiny. In this paper, the author proposes, first, a number of methods that enable one to extract the components of Polishness from the whole variety of text types and genres, and, second, a framework designed to accommodate the extracted components, and, in the future, to develop a synthetic dictionary definition of Polishness. Czy polskość jest (słownikowo) definiowalna?Autor wychodzi z założenia, że istota polskości kondensuje się w języku (polskim) i w stworzonych w nim tekstach, z systemu języka więc i z tekstów może zostać odtworzona, a następnie przedstawiona w postaci definicji. Dotychczasowe definicje konceptu polskość w słownikach języka polskiego nic nie mówią o składowych tego konceptu. Autor proponuje metody ekscerpcji cech składowych polskości z tekstów różnych gatunków oraz ramę definicji syntetycznej, w którą te wyekscerpowane cechy powinny być w przyszłości wbudowane.
Romowie – wszędzie obcy. Przykład Francji i innych krajów europejskich
Authors: Pomieciński Adam , Chwiediuk Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

Roma - Others Everywhere. An Example of France and Other European CountriesWhy Europe treats Roma as “others” and why Europe is “foreign” to Roma? The starting point is the relationship of domination of one collective entity – European countries which are affiliated to the EU on the other countries (groups having the status of minorities, the most marginalized and discriminated). This dependence describes the category of foreign, developed by Marc Augé as a concept “close-another”. Following this concept, the authors of the article distinguish four criteria of analysis: endoetnonim, language, habits (routine practices) and a place for life, which show the mechanism of differentiation and domination, present in most collective entities. The proposed approach has been applied to some European countries, in particular to France, which policy of domination/ discrimination against Roma provides many wondering examples, which are still worth a fundamental rethinking of the theoretical plane. Romowie – wszędzie obcy. Przykład Francji i innych krajów europejskichDlaczego Europa traktuje Romów jak „obcych” i dlaczego Romom „obca” jest Europa? Punktem wyjścia jest relacja dominacji jednego podmiotu zbiorowego, jakim są państwa europejskie zrzeszone w UE, nad drugim, czyli grupami mającymi status mniejszości, najczęściej zmarginalizowanej oraz dyskryminowanej. Tę zależność opisuje kategoria obcego, rozwinięta przez Marca Augé jako koncepcja „bliskiego-innego”. W nawiązaniu do niej autorzy artykułu wyodrębniają cztery kryteria analizy: endoetnonim, język, zwyczaje (praktyki rutynowe) oraz miejsce do życia, które ukazują mechanizm różnicowania oraz dominowania, obecny u większości podmiotów zbiorowych. Zaproponowane podejście zostało odniesione do krajów europejskich, w szczególności do Francji, której polityka dominacji/dyskryminacji wobec Romów dostarcza wielu zastanawiających przykładów wartych nadal dogłębnego przemyślenia teoretycznego.
Of Slaveholders and Renegades: Semantic Uncertainties in Volodymyr Antonovych’s Conversion to Ukrainianness
Authors: Herlth Jens
Published: January 2018

Of Slaveholders and Renegades: Semantic Uncertainties in Volodymyr Antonovych’s Conversion to UkrainiannessIn an article published in the St. Petersburg-based Ukrainian language journal Osnova (Foundation) in 1862, Włodzimierz Antonowicz, formally the descendant of a Polish family from the landed gentry in Ukraine, declared that from then on he would consider himself a Ukrainian. In the present essay, I analyze the polemics around what can be called Antonovych’s conversion from Polishness to Ukrainianness. Antonovych as well as his adversaries brought into play various concepts of nationality and national identity, switching quite freely between various frames of references (political thought of the Enlightenment and the Romantic era, contemporary historical fiction, and historiography). Panowie i renegaci: semantyczne niuanse konwersji Włodzimierza Antonowicza na ukraińskośćW artykule opublikowanym w 1862 roku w petersburskim ukraińskojęzycznym dzienniku „Osnova” Włodzimierz Antonowicz, formalnie potomek polskiej rodziny ziemiańskiej z Ukrainy, oświadczył, że od tego momentu będzie siebie uznawał za Ukraińca. Autor eseju analizuje polemikę wokół tego, co można nazwać konwersją Antonowicza od polskości do ukraińskości. Antonowicz, podobnie jak jego adwersarze, posługiwał się różnymi koncepcjami narodowości i tożsamości narodowej, dość swobodnie przechodząc do odmiennych odniesień w myśli politycznej (Oświecenia i epoki romantyzmu, współczesnej prozie historycznej i historiografii).
Od Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej do IV RP. Krótki przegląd polskiej mitologii założycielskiej
Authors: Futyra Michał
Published: January 2018

From The Noble Republic of Poland to the Fourth Republic: a Short Review of Polish Founding MythsThere is one type of political myths returning especially often in the Polish political space. This type of myth, founding myth, gains a lot of followers especially during social crises. The main aim of this article is to remind the most popular Polish founding myths together with their historical context. Moreover, a comparison of the past political myths function with their latest variation, the so-called “Fourth Republic of Poland” founding myths, was described. In the summary section, a special attention is devoted to the danger related with using the founding myths for particular motivated political interests. Od Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej do IV RP. Krótki przegląd polskiej mitologii założycielskiejIstnieje jeden typ mitów politycznych szczególnie często powracający w różnorodnej konfiguracji w polskiej przestrzeni politycznej. Mowa tutaj o micie założycielskim, który, co zresztą symptomatyczne, zyskuje sobie sympatyków i wyznawców w chwilach mniej lub bardziej głębokich kryzysów społecznych. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu z jednej strony przypomnienie najpopularniejszych polskich mitów założycielskich wraz z ich historycznym kontekstem. Z drugiej zaś dokonanie porównania funkcji minionych politycznych mitów z ich najnowszą odsłoną w postaci mitów założycielskich tzw. IV Rzeczypospolitej. W podsumowaniu artykułu zwracam również uwagę na niebezpieczeństwo związane z wykorzystywaniem mitów założycielskich przez partykularnie motywowane interesy polityczne.
Non-citizens in Latvia: Is it a Real Problem?
Authors: Kuczyńska-Zonik Aleksandra
Published: January 2018

Non-citizens in Latvia: Is it a Real Problem?Following the restoration of independence in 1991, Latvia has introduced restrictive citizenship strategy involving citizenship only to those who had it before the Soviet occupation, and to their descendants. As a result, about one-third of the population in Latvia – the former citizens of the Soviet Union who had immigrated to Latvia during the Soviet period—received the status of ‘non-citizen’. In the 1990s, political discourse on the citizenship policy dominated in Latvia. Exclusive Citizenship Act was criticized by international institutions, including the UN, EU, OSCE and CoE. As a result of international pressure Latvia has introduced appropriate amendments to facilitate access to citizenship for non-citizens. Non-citizens and stateless in Latvia represent 11.8% and 0.01% of the population, respectively, which is more than 252 thousand residents of Latvia. It means that non-citizenship phenomenon has not been resolved completely. A few Latvian regulations restrict non-citizens and stateless to participate in elections, occupy public positions and offices, and travel. This article addresses the problem of non-citizenship as a second matter of concerns in Latvian domestic policy. While limitations for non-citizens implicate their political, economic and social status, Latvian authority is far from granting citizenship to non-citizens in ‘zero option’ procedure.  Nieobywatele na Łotwie: czy problem jest aktualny?Po odzyskaniu niepodległości Łotwa w 1991 roku wprowadziła restrykcyjną strategię obywatelstwa, polegającą na przywróceniu obywatelstwa jedynie tym osobom, które posiadały je przed okupacją sowiecką, oraz ich potomkom. W wyniku tego około jednej trzeciej populacji na Łotwie – byłych obywateli Związku Radzieckiego przybyłych na Łotwę w okresie sowieckim – otrzymało status „nieobywatela”. W latach dziewięćdziesiątych kwestia obywatelstwa zdominowała dyskurs polityczny na Łotwie, a wyłączająca ustawa o obywatelstwie była krytykowana przez różne instytucje międzynarodowe, w tym ONZ, UE, OBWE i Radę Europy. Międzynarodowa presja spowodowała, że Łotwa wprowadziła stosowne poprawki, ułatwiając dostęp do obywatelstwa dla nieobywateli. Obecnie nieobywatele stanowią 11,8%, a bezpaństwowcy – niecałe 0,01% populacji, co wynosi łącznie ponad 252 tys. mieszkańców Łotwy. Oznacza to, że problem braku obywatelstwa nie został rozwiązany całkowicie. Niektóre regulacje ograniczające prawa nieobywateli i bezpaństwowców odnoszą się do prawa wyborczego, możliwości zajmowania pewnych stanowisk i urzędów oraz podróży. Artykuł poświęcony jest zjawisku braku obywatelstwa na Łotwie, które obecnie nie jest przedmiotem większego zainteresowania władz Łotwy. Regulacje ograniczające prawa nieobywateli wpływają na ich status polityczny, ekonomiczny i społeczny, jednak podjęcie decyzji o automatycznym obywatelstwie dla nieobywateli przez władze Łotwy jest mało prawdopodobne.
Flow-Dependent Reliability: A Path to More Skillful Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Rodwell M. J. , Richardson D. S. , Parsons D. B. , Wernli H.
Published: January 2018

While chaos ensures that probabilistic weather forecasts cannot always be “sharp,” it is important for users and developers that they are reliable. For example, they should not be overconfident or underconfident. The “spread–error” relationship is often used as a first-order assessment of the reliability of ensemble weather forecasts. This states that the ensemble standard deviation (a measure of forecast uncertainty) should match the root-mean-square error on the ensemble mean (when averaged over a sufficient number of forecast start dates). It is shown here that this relationship is now largely satisfied at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for ensemble forecasts of the midlatitude, midtropospheric flow out to lead times of at least 10 days when averaged over all flow situations throughout the year. This study proposes a practical framework for continued improvement in the reliability (and skill) of such forecasts. This involves the diagnosis of flow-dependent deficiencies in short-range (∼12 h) reliability for a range of synoptic-scale flow types and the prioritization of modeling research to address these deficiencies. The approach is demonstrated for a previously identified flow type, a trough over the Rockies with warm, moist air ahead. The mesoscale convective systems that can ensue are difficult to predict and, by perturbing the jet stream, are thought to lead to deterministic forecast “busts” for Europe several days later. The results here suggest that jet stream spread is insufficient during this flow type, and thus unreliable. This is likely to mean that the uncertain forecasts for Europe may, nevertheless, still be overconfident.
Change in Management of Status Epilepticus With the Addition of Neurointensivist-Led Neurocritical Care Team at a Rural Academic Medical Center
Authors: Yeary Julianne , Garavaglia Jeffrey , McKnight Richard , Smith Matthew
Published: January 2018

Learning Objective: Status epilepticus (SE) is continuous clinical and/or electrographic seizures lasting 5 minutes or more without recovery and carries a high mortality. Medication management varies by institution, as well as administration, combination of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and dosing. Methods: Single-center retrospective review of medication management of SE patients admitted to West Virginia University Hospital before and after neurointensivist implemented guidelines. Patients admitted between January 2012 and June 2014 were grouped in the prior to neurointensivist group (pre-NI) and patients admitted between July 2014 and June 2016 were grouped in the postneurointensivist group (post-NI). Baseline demographics, hospital, intensive care unit (ICU), and ventilator length of stay were recorded. Medications reviewed included number of AEDs and maximum dose of lorazepam, phenytoin, levetiracetam, and lacosamide. Outcomes included number of continuous infusions of either midazolam or propofol at seizure suppression doses as well as pentobarbital, phenobarbital, or ketamine, and need for vasopressor use. Results: Of the 74 patients included, the pre-NI group (n = 40) utilized more AEDs (6 vs 4) compared with the post-NI group (n = 34). The pre-NI group had less midazolam continuous infusions meeting seizure suppression doses (8 vs 9), but higher average doses (49 vs 27 mg/h) compared with the post-NI group. More patients in the pre-NI group were on propofol seizure suppression doses (15 vs 10) and phenobarbital continuous infusions (11 vs 2) than the post-NI group. Patients had less vasopressor use in the post-NI group than the pre-NI group (11 vs 23). Frequency and dosing of lorazepam, phenytoin, levetiracetam, and lacosamide were similar between the 2 groups. Ventilator use, hospital, and ICU length of stay were also similar between groups. Discussion: Implementation of a neurointensivist and medication guidelines resulted in fewer AEDs and less vasopressor use in the management of SE. Midazolam use was slightly higher in the post-NI group but at lower doses overall.
Confronting the colonial: The (re)production of ‘African’ exceptionalism in critical security and military studies
Authors: Eriksson Baaz Maria , Verweijen Judith
Published: January 2018

Drawing on postcolonial theory, this article queries into the ways in which the concepts of militarism/militarization and securitization are applied to ‘African’ contexts. We highlight the selective nature of such application and probe into the potential reasons for and effects of this selectiveness, focusing on its signifying work. As we argue, the current selective uses of securitization and militarism/militarization in ‘Africa’ scholarship tend to recreate troublesome distinctions between ‘developed’ versus ‘underdeveloped’ spaces within theory and methodology. In particular, they contribute to the reproduction of familiar colonially scripted imagery of a passive and traditional ‘Africa’, ruled by crude force and somehow devoid of ‘liberal’ ideas and modes of governing. Yet we do not suggest simply discarding ‘selectiveness’ or believe that there are any other easy remedies to the tensions between universalism and particularism in theory application. Recognizing the ambivalent workings of colonial discourse, we rather contend that any attempts to trace the colonial into the present use of the concepts of securitization and militarism/militarization need to acknowledge the problematic nature of both discourses of ‘African’ Otherness and those of universalism and sameness.
Impact of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy on plasma chemistry values in ewes
Authors: Zywicki Micaela E. , Blohowiak Sharon E. , Magness Ronald R. , Segar Jeffrey L. , Kling Pamela J.
Published: January 2018

Normative data for plasma chemistry values in pregnant and non-pregnant reproductive age ewes are scant. Availability of data would aid monitoring of ewe health for both research and veterinary medicine. We determined specific plasma chemistry 95% confidence reference intervals (RIs) in non-pregnant and pregnant ewes. Mixed Western-breed ewes were grouped based on phase of ovarian cycle: luteal ( n = 15), follicular ( n = 17), or late-gestation pregnant ( n = 102). Plasma samples were collected for analysis on a commercial biochemical analyzer. For RIs, chemistry panels for the 3 groups of ewes included nutrients and metabolites (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and bilirubin), enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), and micronutrients (calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, and chloride). Sample chemistry values for glucose and total protein in pregnant ewes were lower than in follicular ewes; cholesterol was lower in pregnant and luteal ewes than in follicular ewes. In addition, total bilirubin in pregnant ewes differed from that in luteal ewes, and that in follicular ewes also differed from luteal ewes. ALP in pregnant ewes was higher than other groups; phosphorus in pregnant ewes was lower than in luteal ewes. Iron was higher in pregnant ewes than in luteal ewes, with iron in luteal ewes lower than in follicular ewes. These data provide clinical RIs comparing pregnant and non-pregnant ewes for use in monitoring ewe health in both human research and veterinary medicine.
Acute kinematic adaptations to running on a centrifugal track: A pilot study
Authors: Picerno Pietro , Padulo Johnny
Published: January 2018

The centrifugal track, a basin-shaped track characterised by a platform with a parabolic section, exploits the centripetal acceleration to increase the bodyweight of the athlete during the foot contact phase of running. Because this overload is produced by an inertial force that is equally distributed to the infinitesimal point masses of the body, no postural changes are expected with respect to level running. This pilot study aimed to compare some selected key kinematic quantities of running on the centrifugal track with respect to level running. A video-based three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis was performed on five sprinters and used to compute spatio-temporal variables, frontal and sagittal trunk kinematics and knee sagittal kinematics at footstrike, midstance and foot-off over two consecutive steps at similar speeds. No significant changes were found in spatio-temporal variables and knee kinematics between the right and the left leg during running on the centrifugal track. Neither step length nor step duration was found statistically different between the two running typologies. Trunk flexion was not altered during the stance phase of running on the centrifugal track. Knee angle at footstrike was found similar to level running. A slightly larger but statistically significant knee flexion at midstance and knee extension at foot-off were found with respect to flat-track running, but these findings appear more beneficial for strength training rather than detrimental for the running technique. The centrifugal track was found to be a viable alternative to the common resisted sprint training techniques as the training effect is produced without localised overloads on the musculoskeletal system and detrimental postural changes.
How to understand international society differently: Mauss and the chains of reciprocity
Authors: Ramel Frédéric
Published: January 2018

In international relations, reciprocity means a phenomenon based on international law that maintains equality, continuity, and stability of cooperation between states. Most of the time, the logic of contract and rationalist perspectives prevail to deal with it. Nevertheless, reciprocity does not exclusively embody a contractual mechanism that aims at a symmetrical balance between two partners. Marcel Mauss was one of the first sociologists to observe the existence of group cohesion when studying reciprocity in his gift-giving model. Beyond a dual relationship, Mauss unveils an intergenerational solidarity that he calls “alternating and indirect reciprocity.” Implicitly, this refers to chains of reciprocity developed earlier by Malinowski. Yet, it enriches the notion by also including intergenerational links. This article proposes to extend the Maussian framework to the international level because sociology is not limited by borders of national societies as Mauss underlined himself. International chains of reciprocity are significant in several areas such as environment, cultural heritage, and economic development. By describing these chains, international relations scholars de-center the studies on reciprocity and explore the constitution of a world society. The chains of reciprocity are also very helpful to enter into a dialog with the English School both analytically (extension of the mechanisms that set up world society) and internally (contribution to the debate between pluralists and solidarists).
Unemployment Insurance as a Housing Market Stabilizer
Authors: Hsu Joanne W. , Matsa David A. , Melzer Brian T.
Published: January 2018

This paper studies the impact of unemployment insurance (UI) on the housing market. Exploiting heterogeneity in UI generosity across US states and over time, we find that UI helps the unemployed avoid mortgage default. We estimate that UI expansions during the Great Recession prevented more than 1.3 million foreclosures and insulated home values from labor market shocks. The results suggest that policies that make mortgages more affordable can reduce foreclosures even when borrowers are severely underwater. An optimal UI policy during housing downturns would weigh, among other benefits and costs, the deadweight losses avoided from preventing mortgage defaults. (JEL D14, E32, G21, J65, R31)
Bone lesion absorbed dose profiles in patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with molecular radiotherapy
Authors: Denis-Bacelar Ana M , Chittenden Sarah J , McCready V Ralph , Divoli Antigoni , Dearnaley David P , O’Sullivan Joe M , Johnson Bernadette , Flux Glenn D
Published: January 2018

Objective:

The aim of this study was to calculate the range of absorbed doses that could potentially be delivered by a variety of radiopharmaceuticals and typical fixed administered activities used for bone pain palliation in a cohort of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The methodology for the extrapolation of the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and absorbed doses from a given to an alternative radiopharmaceutical is presented.

Methods:

Sequential single photon emission CT images from 22 patients treated with 5 GBq of 186Re-HEDP were used to extrapolate the time–activity curves for various radiopharmaceuticals. Cumulated activity distributions for the delivered and extrapolated treatment plans were converted into absorbed dose distributions using the convolution dosimetry method. The lesion absorbed doses obtained for the different treatments were compared using the patient population distributions and cumulative dose–volume histograms.

Results:

The median lesion absorbed doses across the patient cohort ranged from 2.7 Gy (range: 0.6–11.8 Gy) for 1100 MBq of 166Ho-DOTMP to 21.8 Gy (range: 4.5–117.6 Gy) for 150 MBq of 89Sr-dichloride. 32P-Na3PO4, 153Sm-EDTMP, 166Ho-DOTMP, 177Lu-EDTMP and 188Re-HEDP would have delivered 41, 32, 85, 20 and 64% lower absorbed doses, for the typical administered activities as compared to 186Re-HEDP, respectively, whilst 89Sr-dichloride would have delivered 25% higher absorbed doses.

Conclusion:

For the patient cohort studied, a wide range of absorbed doses would have been delivered for typical administration protocols in mCRPC. The methodology presented has potential use for emerging theragnostic agents.

Advances in knowledge:

The same patient cohort can receive a range of lesion absorbed doses from typical molecular radiotherapy treatments for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, highlighting the need to establish absorbed dose response relationships and to treat patients according to absorbed dose instead of using fixed administered activities.
Unintended doses in radiotherapy—over, under and outside?
Authors: Eaton David J , Byrne John P , Cosgrove Vivian P , Thomas Simon J
Published: January 2018

Radiotherapy is a safe treatment; nevertheless, national reporting of serious incidents allows investigation of potential harm to individuals and failing safety culture. UK guidance has previously been limited to overexposures, but underexposures will be included in the new legislation, and positioning errors have also been explicitly included in recent guidance. This commentary reviews current guidance and suggests practical approaches to the additional categories, including the definition of a local error margin.
Notas sobre a dignidade (da pessoa) humana no âmbito da evolução do pensamento ocidental
Authors: Sarlet Ingo Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

O presente texto busca identificar e analisar os principais desenvolvimentos do conceito e significado da dignidade da pessoa humana na esfera do pensamento ocidental partindo da tradição hebraico-cristã e da antiguidade clássica até o pensamento de matriz kantiana e hegeliana
As fases do estudo sobre regulação da economia na sensibilidade jurídica brasileira
Authors: Mendonça José Vicente Santos de
Published: January 2018

Num primeiro momento, o texto identifica três características do debate jurídico sobre a regulação da economia no Brasil: ele é sincrético, desigual, e voltado ao Estado. Após, o artigo se dedica às fases do debate sobre regulação na sensibilidade jurídica brasileira. De uma pré-história da regulação, em que o assunto era apresentado de modo indistinto ao Direito Constitucional e ao Direito Administrativo, passou-se, em meados dos anos noventa, à etapa conceitual-constitucional, centrada na identificação constitucional das potestades regulatórias. Hoje, vive-se etapa eficacial, em que a ênfase recai no debate a respeito de sua qualidade. O artigo se encerra sugerindo duas linhas de ação para tornar nosso debate sobre regulação econômica mais original, mas sem perder a diversidade de abordagens que lhe é característica.
Les Religions Représentent-elles un Risque pour les Droits de L’homme en France?
Authors: Nascimento Germana Aguiar Ribeiro do , Añón Roig Maria José
Published: January 2018

Le 13 novembre 2015 la France a été frappé par le terrorisme au nom d'un supposé idéal religieux. De ce fait une question se pose : les religions représenteraient-elles un danger pour les droits de l'homme en France ? Pour mieux comprendre la conjoncture actuelle il est nécessaire de réfléchir à la relation particulière qu'a entretenu la France avec les faits religieux tout au long de l'histoire. Il est possible de vérifier que L'Etat de droit a voulu encadrer les religions pour limiter les menaces possibles à travers le principe de laïcité. Ce principe est le plus cohérent pour la garantie des droits de l'homme dans un Etat démocratique. Cependant, a force de vouloir protéger les droits de l'homme d'une possible menace religieuse, la France a adopté un modèle de laïcité qui peut mettre en danger les libertés religieuses. Il s'agira donc d'étudier, premièrement, l'encadrement des religions qui a été réalisé au nom des droits de l'homme au cours de l'histoire, pour après analyser la laïcité comme mesure des religions. Pour cela, la méthodologie qualitative sera utilisée. La recherche documentaire, l'étude de la jurisprudence et de la législation permettront de regrouper les renseignements relatifs au sujet.
Retração, progressão, expansão e retrocesso: o caminho hígido para um sistema de proteção social sustentável
Authors: Leitão André Studart , Silva Alexandre Antonio Bruno da , Dias Eduardo Rocha
Published: January 2018

Mudanças ocorrem a todo momento, impondo ajustes e calibrações nas normas que regulam as relações humanas. No campo dos direitos sociais, a realidade não é diferente. Fatores exógenos, como as guerras, além da evolução socioeconômica e dos avanços tecnológicos, passaram a reclamar uma postura mais enérgica do Estado, que deixou de ser um ente absenteísta para se transformar em um agente normalizador das relações jurídicas, com forte intervenção protetiva. Porém, o gigantismo estatal, o crescimento desordenado do sistema protetor e o crônico desequilíbrio das contas públicas, aliados a mudanças demográficas, passaram a revelar claros sinais de retração do modelo de proteção hipertrófica. A realidade brasileira também experimentou a incômoda transição entre os modelos de expansão e de retração dos direitos, com duas ressalvas: no Brasil, os esquemas de proteção não foram propriamente construídos, mas importados de outros países e entregues ao povo como donativos e ofertas políticas, instituídas sem um planejamento minimamente adequado. O resultado da imprudência legislativa foi a constatação de que um sistema protetor vulnerável possui durabilidade efêmera, o que leva à necessidade de reformas veiculadas através de medidas de contenção e de austeridade. O trabalho procura salientar sobretudo três aspectos: 1º) a importância de um planejamento cauteloso na instituição de um modelo seguro e sustentável de proteção social; 2º) a imprescindibilidade de reformas e ajustes normativos para readequar generosos critérios de seletividade; e 3º) a implementação de medidas de contenção, conquanto implique a redução do padrão de qualidade protetiva, não caracteriza retrocesso social, mas a retomada do caminho rumo ao equilíbrio, à sustentabilidade e à coerência.
(In) consonância da tutela antecipada no CPC de 2015 com o Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Rodrigues Edmilson Araujo , Veloso Cynara Silde Mesquita
Published: January 2018

Objetivou-se neste artigo analisar a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada no NCPC de 2015 com enfoque na teoria neoinstitucionalista do processo. A partir dessa matriz teórica, questiona-se: será que a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada no NCPC de 2015 está em consonância com o Estado democrático de direito?  Para responder ao enigma em questão, o caminho metodológico da pesquisa será classificado quanto à forma de abordagem de qualitativa e do ponto de vista dos seus objetivos será exploratória. No que tange aos procedimentos técnicos adotados na análise, a pesquisa será definida como bibliográfica e documental, uma vez que será utilizado um referencial teórico por meio de doutrinas e da legislação pertinente. Os resultados da investigação levaram a considerar que, embora o instituto em destaque seja importante, há, pois, uma incongruência no que se refere ao acesso igualitário à justiça pensada na perspectiva dos litigantes. Assim, percebe-se a não possibilidade do contraditório e da ampla defesa para o polo passivo da relação processual em consonância com o princípio da igualdade pensado de forma recíproca. Essa restrição se refere à impossibilidade da participação do réu na fase preliminar do processo, uma vez que, ao ser concedida a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada pelo modelo atual, o demandado fica submetido a uma decisão sem que tenha previamente participado do debate processual e contribuído com o resultado da decisão em respeito ao princípio da cooperação e do contraditório, alinhados ao poder de influência atinente ao direito das partes. Por conseguinte, o estudo considerou também que a tutela antecipada da forma como é normatizada, embora seja uma alternativa para “o autor que tem razão” - na expressão cunhada or Marinoni; não se mostra razoável, dentro da perspectiva do devido processo legal. Diante disso, pode-se concluir que a tutela provisória de urgência antecipada deve ser aperfeiçoada e, com isso, acrescentar a audiência de justificação prévia obrigatória na fase inicial do processo no qual será respeitado o princípio do contraditório, da ampla defesa e da isonomia.
Aspectos cognitivos da memória e a antecipação da prova testemunhal no processo penal
Authors: Altoé Rafael , Avila Gustavo Noronha de
Published: January 2018

A prova testemunhal é baseada, essencialmente, na ideia de que o ser humano, por meio da memória declarativa episódica (uma espécie de um amplo gênero), tem a especial capacidade de reproduzir, com bastante fidelidade, um evento passado. Ocorre, porém, que as recentes descobertas no campo da psicologia do testemunho atestam que a memória, em verdade, tem se apresentado como um fenômeno mais complexo do que popularmente se acredita. As múltiplas etapas da formação da memória (em especial a codificação, o armazenamento e a evocação) ocorrem por força da atividade simultânea de variadas regiões do cérebro, com influência de aspectos endógenos e exógenos. Por causa dessa afirmação, acredita-se que a memória não é o “resgate” de uma informação previamente armazenada, mas legítimo processo de construção. Essa complexidade, como não poderia ser diferente, vem acompanhada de riscos acerca da confiabilidade da memória, cujos dados o Processo Penal não pode ignorar. Ressalta-se, apenas como um dos elementos possíveis, que o tempo pode ter influência na confiabilidade da memória de maneira mais contundente do que se acredita, de maneira que a antecipação da prova testemunhal, sempre que possível, deve ser levada a efeito em nome da melhor solução do caso objeto do processo judicial.
A justiça consensual do tribunal múltiplas portas e a política pública norte-americana de tratamento de conflitos: contribuições ao modelo brasileiro
Authors: Gimenez Charlise Paula Colet
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem como tema a justiça consensual e o tratamento de conflitos, cuja delimitação está em estudar o modelo do Tribunal Múltiplas Portas dos Estados Unidos da América para possíveis contribuições à política judiciária brasileira – Resolução nº. 125 de 29 de novembro de 2010 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça brasileiro. O estudo, a partir do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e do método de procedimento bibliográfico, merece uma análise aprofundada diante da dificuldade dos mecanismos tradicionais adotados pelo Poder Judiciário em atender satisfatoriamente a todos os conflitos submetidos ao seu julgamento, bem como pelos entraves verificados na concretização dos métodos autocompositivos no Brasil. Por outro lado, a experiência nos Estados Unidos da América, a qual estuda meios complementares de tratamento de conflitos desde os anos de 1920, reconhece uma postura dicotômica, com a qual as próprias partes constroem suas respostas, considerando suas necessidades, seus interesses e a relação entre elas. Desse modo, considerando as características do conflito, o multiportas apresenta o método mais adequado, o que garante a satisfação de todos os envolvidos. Nesse sentido, garante o acesso à justiça no sentido amplo e fortalece a participação social do cidadão, fomentando uma cultura de paz, de alteridade e de tratamento de conflitos de forma qualitativa, adequado às características de cada pessoa e à tipologia do conflito.
Sujeição de direitos, meio ambiente e antropocentrismo alargado
Authors: Avanci Thiago Felipe De Souza
Published: January 2018

Muitos questionamentos pairam sobre o real papel do ser humano nas ciências e, do mesmo modo, se este papel poderia ser desempenhado por figuras não humanas. Já a partir da modernidade, iniciou-se um vigoroso embate, com altos e baixos, sobre a possibilidade de se atribuir aos animais, à natureza e a outras entidades não humanas o papel de sujeitos de direitos. A partir de algumas ponderações desenvolvidas pela análise do antropocentrismo alargado, o presente trabalho tenciona demonstrar a capacidade de uma ciência com um sujeito humano, porém preocupado com as necessidades do ambiente.
O Impacto da desvinculação de Receitas da União nas Políticas Públicas de Saúde
Authors: Floriani Neto Antonio Bazilio , Pamplona Danielle Anne
Published: January 2018

A Constituição de 1988 implementou o modelo de Seguridade Social em solo pátrio, composto pela Previdência, pela Assistência e pela Saúde. Trata-se de direitos sociais, de segunda dimensão, que necessitam de um agir do aparelho estatal. Para os fins do presente artigo, o corte metodológico é realizado na Saúde e, em especial, na forma com que a ordem estabelecida propôs para efetivá-la: mediante políticas públicas. Para atingir essa finalidade, é indispensável a existência de recursos. E o orçamento da Seguridade Social é afetado, diretamente, por um instituto denominado Desvinculação de Receitas da União (DRU), responsável por atribuir finalidade diversa ao montante arrecadado a título de contribuições sociais. Assim, resta controversa a premissa de ausência de recursos financeiros para o Estado fornecer a devida proteção ao indivíduo nessa seara, sendo o objetivo deste artigo aprofundar o conhecimento do tema. Para atingir esse desiderato, o trabalho abordou inicialmente a seguridade social brasileira, com enfoque no SUS, para então examinar as políticas públicas de saúde, o seu financiamento e, por fim, a DRU.
Comunidades Epistêmicas e a Produção dos Decretos de Indulto no Brasil
Authors: Machado Bruno Amaral , Alves Reinaldo Rossano
Published: January 2018

O artigo analisa o papel do Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP) na edição dos decretos de indulto no Brasil, retomando o conceito de comunidades epistêmicas. No Brasil, o órgão encarregado de elaborar a minuta do decreto de indulto é o Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP), que a remete, via Ministro da Justiça, à Presidência da República para apreciação e publicação posterior do decreto. Assim, a pesquisa articulou-se a partir de dois problemas: identificar se o CNPCP pode ser descrito como comunidade epistêmica que orienta a produção de indultos no Brasil e, caso positivo, se nele há uma visão teórica hegemônica/compartilhada. Para a resposta aos problemas, utilizou-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo, complementada com entrevistas em profundidade de membros e ex-membros do CNPCP. Concluiu-se que o CNPCP é uma comunidade epistêmica que orienta a produção de indulto no Brasil e que, nos últimos anos, nota-se que seus membros compartilham ideário predominantemente minimalista, variável relevante para compreender o aumento das hipóteses de incidência e flexibilização das regras da concessão do benefício. De outro ângulo, a produção dos decretos de indultos insere-se no âmbito político, de competência da Presidência da República, o que se depreende quando, em contextos sociais e políticos específicos, o Presidente da República, ao definir o conteúdo dos decretos de indulto, editou decretos distintos daqueles propostos pelo CNPCP, a despeito do conhecimento técnico da comunidade integrante desse órgão.
GAC: Gene Associations with Clinical, a web based application
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Rupji Manali , Kowalski Jeanne
Published: January 2018

We present GAC, a shiny R based tool for interactive visualization of clinical associations based on high-dimensional data. The tool provides a web-based suite to perform supervised principal component analysis (SuperPC), an approach that uses both high-dimensional data, such as gene expression, combined with clinical data to infer clinical associations. We extended the approach to address binary outcomes, in addition to continuous and time-to-event data in our package, thereby increasing the use and flexibility of SuperPC.  Additionally, the tool provides an interactive visualization for summarizing results based on a forest plot for both binary and time-to-event data.  In summary, the GAC suite of tools provide a one stop shop for conducting statistical analysis to identify and visualize the association between a clinical outcome of interest and high-dimensional data types, such as genomic data. Our GAC package has been implemented in R and is available via http://shinygispa.winship.emory.edu/GAC/. The developmental repository is available at https://github.com/manalirupji/GAC.
Diagnostic performances of the fluorescent spot test for G6PD deficiency in newborns along the Thailand-Myanmar border: A cohort study
Authors: Thielemans Laurence , Gornsawun Gornpan , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Paw Moo Kho , Porn Pen , Moo Paw Khu , Van Overmeire Bart , Proux Stephane , Nosten François , McGready Rose , Carrara Verena I. , Bancone Germana
Published: January 2018

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited enzymatic disorder associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and acute haemolysis after exposure to certain drugs or infections. The disorder can be diagnosed phenotypically with a fluorescent spot test (FST), which is a simple test that requires training and basic laboratory equipment. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performances of the FST used on umbilical cord blood by locally-trained staff and to compare test results of the neonates at birth with the results after one month of age.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study on newborns at the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, along the Thai-Myanmar border between January 2015 and May 2016. The FST was performed at birth on the umbilical cord blood by locally-trained staff and quality controlled by specialised technicians at the central laboratory. The FST was repeated after one month of age. Genotyping for common local G6PD mutations was carried out for all discrepant results.

Results: FST was performed on 1521 umbilical cord blood samples. Quality control and genotyping revealed 10 misdiagnoses. After quality control, 10.7% of the males (84/786) and 1.2% of the females (9/735) were phenotypically G6PD deficient at birth. The FST repeated at one month of age or later diagnosed 8 additional G6PD deficient infants who were phenotypically normal at birth.

Conclusions: This study shows the short-comings of the G6PD FST in neonatal routine screening and highlights the importance of training and quality control. A more conservative interpretation of the FST in male newborns could increase the diagnostic performances. Quantitative point-of-care tests might show higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of G6PD deficiency on umbilical cord blood and should be investigated.
Reading Uspenskij: Soviet ‘semiotics of history’ in the West
Authors: Boyko Taras
Published: January 2018

The article explores the reception of Boris Uspenskij’s writings and ideas outside of the Soviet Union, primarily in Western European and North American academic contexts. The present brief overview of Uspenskij’s academic reception covers the translations of his best-known scholarly works [first and foremost “Historia sub specie semioticae” and “Istoriya i semiotika (Vospriyatie vremeni kak semioticheskaya problema)”] into English, French, Spanish, German and other European languages, as well as various references to Uspenskij’s ideas on what nowadays would be categorized as ‘semiotics of history’, or thoughts at least in some way related to the ‘cultural-semiotic approach to history’ of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics.
Boris Uspenskij in English: Bibliography
Authors: Boyko Taras
Published: January 2018

The bibliography provides a list of Boris Uspenskij’s publications in English, including works written in co-authorship and various reprints/reissues. For the most part, Uspenskij’s publications in English are translations of his books and articles originally written in Russian and previously published in the Soviet Union/Russia. The first English-language publication of his work, the monograph Principles of Structural Typology appeared in 1968; the current bibliography consists of 65 entries from a period spanning from 1968 till today.