bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tavshed som magt og afmagt
Authors: Dahl Hanne Marlene
Published: September 2021

Hvorfor beskæftige sig med tavshed? Fordi tavshed kan indikere både fraværet af magt, afmagt og magt. Tavshed er således ikke en entydig størrelse, og der er også identificeret forskellige former for tavshed i den internationale forskning. Men der savnes i forskningslitteraturen dels en specifik forståelse af tavshed som en proces, dels konkrete analysestrategier til at identificere forskellige former for tavshed i tekster. Derfor fokuseres der i denne artikel på at forstå tavshed og italesættelse som gensidigt konstituerende, hvorfor der også argumenteres for relevansen af et nyt begreb om tavsliggørelse. Hovedparten af artiklen er koncen- treret om tre teknikker til en identifikation af tavsliggørelse i tekster, nemlig komparativ diskursanalyse, dekonstruktion og erindringsarbejde. Søgeord: tavsliggørelse, diskurs, analysestrategi, komparativ diskursanalyse, dekonstruktion og erindringsarbejde  Different forms of silence exist. The article draws attention to the dynamic process of silencing that takes place within discourse which is a constituting feature of any text. Although silence is elusive, the article outlines three different techniques that can help researchers within the social sciences to uncover glimpses of silence: comparative discourse analysis, deconstruction and memory work. Keywords: Silence, silencing, discourse, method, comparative discourse analysis, deconstruction and memory work
DEN „ONTOLOGISKE VENDINGS“ UTILSTRÆKKELIGHED
Authors: Højbjerg Christian K.
Published: September 2021

Debatoplæg imod udsagnet
DA ARBEJDET I SAMARBEJDET FORSVANDT: Økonomiske kosmologier som optimeringslogikker i jagten på mere for mindre
Authors: Vaaben Nanna
Published: September 2021

Den offentlige sektor har længe haft ry for at være tung og ineffektiv, og utallige

reformer har været igangsat med henblik på at optimere den. Artiklen beskriver,

hvordan to forskellige optimeringslogikker baseret på to forskellige økonomiske

kosmologier er på spil samtidig. Den ene er baseret på neoklassiske økonomiske

teorier om markedsmekanisme og economic man, hvorfor konkurrence og

handel mellem distancerede aktører foretrækkes som organiseringsprincip. Den

anden optimeringslogik er baseret på ideer om, at netværk og samarbejde fører

til innovation, vækst og win-win, hvorfor tætte tillidsfulde relationer opfattes

som den optimale organiseringsform. Gennem en analyse af et offentligt-privat

innovationssamarbejde inden for ældreplejen vises det, hvordan nogle af aktørerne

ender med at arbejde gratis, fordi (sam)arbejdet ikke opfattes som arbejde, der

skal betales, men som en investering i skabelse af ny værdi, hvorfor det bliver

legitimt ikke at betale nogen for noget.

Søgeord: optimering, økonomisk antropologi, investering, samarbejde, offentlig

sektor, innovation
Mikkel Sørensen & Mikkel Fugl Eskjær: Klima og mennesker. Humanistiske perspektiver på klimaforandringer
Authors: Madsen Mikael Bellers
Published: September 2021

Anmeldes af Mikael Bellers Madsen
OM AT „FØLGE MARKEDET“ OG „KØBE SIG IND I FÆLLESSKABET“ Politiske og moralske økonomier i danske andelsboligforeninger
Authors: Bruun Maja Højer
Published: September 2021

Boliger er en af velfærdssamfundets kerneydelser, som med en vækstorienteret

boligpolitik og byplanlægning samt dereguleringen af boligfinansieringen i

løbet af det sidste årti er blevet mere markedsorienteret og markedsstyret. Med

en substantivistisk økonomisk antropologisk tilgang undersøger denne artikel,

hvordan folks økonomiske liv i danske andelsboligforeninger er indlejret i

sociale relationer og fællesskaber, og hvordan disse udfordres, påvirkes og

spiller sammen med neoliberaliseringen af andelsboligsektoren. Artiklen trækker

på E.P. Thompsons begreb moralske økonomier til at argumentere for, at

der sker forskydninger mellem tre idealtyper af moralske økonomier i danske

andelsboligforeninger – solidarisk fællesskab, familiefællesskab og økonomisk

fællesskab – hvor den neoliberale politiske økonomi tilskynder til, at flere opfatter

sig som en del af og praktiserer et økonomisk fællesskab, som er økonomisk og

retsligt orienteret. Etnografien viser sig dog også, at de neoliberale politikker

og lånemuligheder blev modtaget forskelligt og med forskellige konsekvenser i

forskellige andelsboligforeninger, som igennem deres moralske økonomier har

forskellige tidshorisonter, arbejdsdelinger og former for social kontrol.

Søgeord: økonomisk antropologi, moralske økonomier, boligmarked, neoliberalisering,

finansialisering, fællesskab
NØDVENDIGHEDENS PÆDAGOGIK: Optimeringskrav møder det gode fællesskab i velfærdssamfundets skole
Authors: Gilliam Laura
Published: September 2021

Ifølge flere diskursteoretiske skoleforskere har folkeskolen igennem en årrække

gennemgået fundamentale ændringer i forhold til sit formål og menneskesyn.

Politologen Ove Kaj Pedersen ser dette som relateret til Danmarks overgang fra

velfærdsstat til konkurrencestat og beskriver, at skolens formål i dag er at ruste

eleverne til at være „soldater“ i nationernes konkurrence. Denne artikel argumenterer

for, at der ses et andet mere broget billede af ædringerne, hvis man

dels ser påskoleinstitutionens formå i et støre perspektiv, dels ser næmere pålæeres formative arbejde i hverdagen og deres hådtering af optimeringskrav

og de nye tiltag i praksis. Det etnografisk materiale fra fire skolers hverdag i

perioden 2002-2012, viser ædringer, men såedes og sået stadigt fokus påskolens

civilisering til „ocial“ adfæd og civiliserede fælesskaber og en tilpasning af de

nye tiltag til skolens traditionelle vædier. Dette ses ogsåi selve udformningen

af en ræke skolepolitikker og nye teknologier. I artiklen argumenteres der

for, at dette er begrundet af en stadig dialektik mellem skolens institutionelle

vilkå, sociale normer for adfæd og dominante idealer om det civiliserede

samfund, der spejles ind i skolen pågrund af dens metonymiske relation til

samfundet og mangeåige relation til velfædssamfundet. Denne dialektik har

institutionaliseret, hvad der, jf. Pedersens begreb „øvendighedens politik“ kan

kaldes en „øvendighedens pæagogik“. Denne pæagogik er med til at reproducere

vædierne bag velfædsstaten, men betyder også at idealer om at væe

„ocial“ og om trivsel i fælesskaber i dag blot er forstæket, kombineret med og

legitimeret af de nye optimeringskrav.

Søgeord: skoleinstitutionen, velfærdssamfund, konkurrencestat, civiliseringsprojekt,

sociale kompetencer
INNOVATIONENS FORBANDELSE
Authors: Lex Simon
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel omhandler en organisatorisk forandringsproces i et skandinavisk statsselskab, hvor ledelsen ser innovation som et instrument til at sikre fremtidig overlevelse. Forfatteren beskriver, hvordan de organisatoriske enheder og mennesker, som repræsenterer det innovative, bliver mødt med kritik og modstand, da de kan være med til at forstyrre eksisterende arbejdsforhold og i værste fald medføre destruktion i form af omvæltninger og nedskæringer. Artiklen viser i korte etnografiske eksempler, at denne potentielle forandringsfare medfører, at medarbejdere går til modangreb på det (og dem), der repræsenterer det innovative. Den argumenterer for, at løbende evalueringer og beslutninger, som knytter sig til arbejdet med innovation, ikke alene bygger på en god idé eller et progressivt forretningskoncept, men også på de potentielle destruktive effekter, som kan følge med det innovative arbejde. Forfatteren konkluderer, at innovationens forventede resultater former det daglige arbejde, og på den måde er det forestillede negative potentiale ikke et fremtidigt udfald, men et integreret imperativ, som er med til at forme den organisatoriske udvikling.

Søgeord: innovation, organisation, potentialer, modstand, destruktion
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: September 2021

Dystopi som politisk teknologi
Hvorfor nøjes med det halve? Antropologisk metode i offentlig innovation
Authors: Thordal Sofie , Jensen Kirsten Engholm
Published: September 2021

Artiklen belyser forfatternes antropologiske arbejde med innovation i den offentlige sundhedssektor. Med udgangspunkt i erfaringer fra omfattende feltarbejde og gentagende uddannelsesforløb i programmet „Professionel nysgerrighed“, en uddannelse i antropologisk metode, argumenteres for, at antropologi grundlæggende forstås og praktiseres ud fra en instrumentel tilgang, og at antropologien alene bliver set som et metodisk feltstudium. Forfatterne mener, at denne positivistiske tilgang til antropologers arbejde er mangelfuld og ikke tager højde for de erkendelser og den viden, som udfolder sig i antropologisk analyse og refleksion. De argumenterer således for, at antropologer og den værdi, som antropologer tilfører den offentlige sektor, ikke alene består af deskriptiv metode, men er langt mere nuanceret og udfolder sig som et kontrapunkt mellem det induktive og det deduktive, det konkrete og det konceptuelle, den etnografiske observation og den kritiske idéskabelse.Søgeord: innovation, sundhed, sundhedsantropologi, metode, anvendt antropologi, oversættelse
Gamle og kommende numre
Authors: TA Redaktionen
Published: September 2021

Gamle og kommende numre af TA
„Hvad vil du give tilbage?“
Authors: Kolling Marie
Published: September 2021

„Hvad vil du give tilbage?“
Application of the results of 3D video modeling in averment on criminal cases: US and Russian legal framework
Authors: Iurkevich Mariia Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2021

This article reviews most controversial issues pertaining to legal, organizational and actual possibility of using 3D video modeling in averment on criminal cases. The author analyzes the approach adopted in the US legal system towards application of video models of evidence in judicial proceedings, distinguishing between the main forms of 3D video models that exist in the US criminal procedure. Leaning on the analysis of particular judicial precedents and normative acts that regulate the questions of criminal proceedings in the United States, the author outlines the conditions (rules) for admissibility of 3D evidence. Applicable to the criminal procedure of the Russian Federation, the article formulates the legal framework for using video modeling in criminal proceedings, as well as gives a general description to the system of criminal procedural guarantees that ensure the rights of the individual in the context of using video modeling, and accuracy of information acquired from such evidence. The research employs the general philosophical method of materialistic dialectics, methods of analysis, synthesis, legal experiment, and comparative legal method. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the author is one of the first to explore the question of using the results of video modeling in criminal proceedings in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the US law enforcement experience on the subject matter is of particular relevance due to accumulation of the vast practical experience in adapting video modeling technology to the needs of criminal justice of the XXI century. The doctrine of the national criminal procedure had not previously to determine the role of 3D video modeling in averment on criminal cases. The author's conclusions on the need to use the results of video modeling, including immersive reality, not only in expert activity, but also in criminal procedure (for example, in the course of hearing of arguments) are aimed at the transformation of criminal proceedings with regards to its optimization via digitalization.
Dorsal premammillary projection to periaqueductal gray controls escape vigor from innate and conditioned threats
Authors: Wang Weisheng , Schuette Peter J , La-Vu Mimi Q , Torossian Anita , Tobias Brooke C , Ceko Marta , Kragel Philip A , Reis Fernando MCV , Ji Shiyu , Sehgal Megha , Maesta-Pereira Sandra , Chakerian Meghmik , Silva Alcino J , Canteras Newton S , Wager Tor , Kao Jonathan C , Adhikari Avishek
Published: September 2021

Escape from threats has paramount importance for survival. However, it is unknown if a single circuit controls escape vigor from innate and conditioned threats. Cholecystokinin (cck)-expressing cells in the hypothalamic dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) are necessary for initiating escape from innate threats via a projection to the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG). We now show that in mice PMd-cck cells are activated during escape, but not other defensive behaviors. PMd-cck ensemble activity can also predict future escape. Furthermore, PMd inhibition decreases escape speed from both innate and conditioned threats. Inhibition of the PMd-cck projection to the dlPAG also decreased escape speed. Intriguingly, PMd-cck and dlPAG activity in mice showed higher mutual information during exposure to innate and conditioned threats. In parallel, human functional magnetic resonance imaging data show that a posterior hypothalamic-to-dlPAG pathway increased activity during exposure to aversive images, indicating that a similar pathway may possibly have a related role in humans. Our data identify the PMd-dlPAG circuit as a central node, controlling escape vigor elicited by both innate and conditioned threats.
Endoplasmic reticulum tubules limit the size of misfolded protein condensates
Authors: Parashar Smriti , Chidambaram Ravi , Chen Shuliang , Liem Christina R , Griffis Eric , Lambert Gerard G , Shaner Nathan C , Wortham Matthew , Hay Jesse C , Ferro-Novick Susan
Published: September 2021

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of sheets and tubules. Here we report that the COPII coat subunit, SEC24C, works with the long form of the tubular ER-phagy receptor, RTN3, to target dominant-interfering mutant proinsulin Akita puncta to lysosomes. When the delivery of Akita puncta to lysosomes was disrupted, large puncta accumulated in the ER. Unexpectedly, photobleach analysis indicated that Akita puncta behaved as condensates and not aggregates, as previously suggested. Akita puncta enlarged when either RTN3 or SEC24C were depleted, or when ER sheets were proliferated by either knocking out Lunapark or overexpressing CLIMP63. Other ER-phagy substrates that are segregated into tubules behaved like Akita, while a substrate (type I procollagen) that is degraded by the ER-phagy sheets receptor, FAM134B, did not. Conversely, when ER tubules were augmented in Lunapark knock-out cells by overexpressing reticulons, ER-phagy increased and the number of large Akita puncta was reduced. Our findings imply that segregating cargoes into tubules has two beneficial roles. First, it localizes mutant misfolded proteins, the receptor, and SEC24C to the same ER domain. Second, physically restraining condensates within tubules, before they undergo ER-phagy, prevents them from enlarging and impacting cell health.
Splotting som erfaringsbasert verktøy for medvirkning og stedsforståelse ved byromsutforming
Authors: Hagen Aina Landsverk , Osuldsen Jenny B.
Published: September 2021

Når et sted skal utvikles, er kunnskap om lokalbefolkningens ønsker, innspill og behov avgjørende for både god planlegging og gjennomføring. I økende grad ser vi at kommunale myndigheter, planleggere, urbanister og arkitekter er opptatt av å få tak i folks stemmer utover den lovpålagte medvirkningen. Samtidig mangler viktige aktører både kompetanse og metoder for å kunne nyttiggjøre seg av med­virkningsinnspill. Hvordan kan folks personlige historier og refleksjoner bli en viktig del av kunnskaps­grunnlaget for en stedsutviklingsprosess og hvordan får vi tak i folks mangfoldige erfaringer og menings­verden på en effektiv og ivaretagende måte? Vi har gjennom flere år med aksjonsforskning på barn og unges medvirkning i by- og stedsutviklingsprosesser, utviklet en kombinert tegneøvelse, dia­log­verktøy og læringsintervensjon vi kaller «splotting». Her tar vi utgangspunkt i det enkle spørsmålet: Hvor har du det godt? Metoden er testet og utviklet i samarbeid med blant andre lokal ungdom i Oslo og landskaps­arkitektstudenter fra NMBU, og gir innsikt i steders betydning for de menneskene det angår uten bruk av forutbestemte kategorier og såkalte «forbildefeller». Splotting er spesielt egnet som verktøy i dialogbaserte medvirkningsprosesser innenfor by- og stedsutvikling med fokus på utforming av det off­entlige rom som sosial arena, blant annet innenfor fag som arkitektur, design og sosialantropologi. Ut­fordringen har vært å sikre systematisk dokumentasjon og oversetting av folks refleksjoner til plan­tegning og formgivning. Metoden har slik store utviklingsmuligheter, og kan også brukes transdisiplinært i samarbeid med fagfelt som kunst og kultur, folkehelse og innenfor organisasjonsutvikling i offentlig sektor.
A Digital Cross-border Interest in the Framework of Public Procurement Legislation: The Game Changer
Authors: Lorenzo Delia Lucía Martínez
Published: September 2021

Originally introduced by the Court of Justice of the European Union, the presence of 'certain cross-border interest' is used to justify the application of EU principles to public procurement contracts that fall out the scope of EU law. Nonetheless, crossborder interest needs to be proven
based on the criteria settled by the CJEU. This article presents, firstly, a definition of cross-border interest and its relevance; secondly, the latest trends on digital public procurement and e-administration. Finally, the paper will discuss whether, based on the criteria of the CJEU, the
expansion of digitalisation will render the presence of cross-border interest automatic, thus increasing transparency and consequently changing forever how we apply EU law.
A knowledge graph based question answering method for medical domain
Authors: Huang Xiaofeng , Zhang Jixin , Xu Zisang , Ou Lu , Tong Jianbin
Published: September 2021

Question answering (QA) is a hot field of research in Natural Language Processing. A big challenge in this field is to answer questions from knowledge-dependable domain. Since traditional QA hardly satisfies some knowledge-dependable situations, such as disease diagnosis, drug recommendation, etc. In recent years, researches focus on knowledge-based question answering (KBQA). However, there still exist some problems in KBQA, traditional KBQA is limited by a range of historical cases and takes too much human labor. To address the problems, in this paper, we propose an approach of knowledge graph based question answering (KGQA) method for medical domain, which firstly constructs a medical knowledge graph by extracting named entities and relations between the entities from medical documents. Then, in order to understand a question, it extracts the key information in the question according to the named entities, and meanwhile, it recognizes the questions’ intentions by adopting information gain. The next an inference method based on weighted path ranking on the knowledge graph is proposed to score the related entities according to the key information and intention of a given question. Finally, it extracts the inferred candidate entities to construct answers. Our approach can understand questions, connect the questions to the knowledge graph and inference the answers on the knowledge graph. Theoretical analysis and real-life experimental results show the efficiency of our approach.
Los determinantes de los componentes del gasto electoral en elecciones municipales en Chile, 2008-2012
Authors: Navia Lucero Patricio Daniel , Iturra Pamela
Published: September 2021

Como en Chile hay información del tipo de gasto en que incurren los candidatos en campaña, pasamos de estudiar quién gasta más a analizar en qué gastan más los candidatos y qué determina sus tipos de gasto. Explicamos por qué los candidatos gastan de distinta forma sus fondos de campaña. Usamos información de los 54.276 ítems de gasto electoral reportados ante el Servicio Electoral por 2.390 candidatos a alcalde en las 345 comunas en 2008 y 2012. Con características sociodemográficas de las comunas, militancia, condición de incumbencia y género de los candidatos, evaluamos y explicamos las diferenciasen los tipos de gasto. Contrario a lo que sugiere la literatura, los incumbentes chilenos gastan más en propaganda que los desafiantes. Aunque dedican más dinero a propaganda que los de la Concertación, los candidatos de derecha, en particular de la UDI, dedican un porcentaje menor de su gasto a propaganda. Las mujeres gastan más que los hombres y destinan un porcentaje menor a propaganda. Los candidatos en comunas con más ruralidad y mayor pobreza gastan menos en propaganda y más en desplazamientos y servicios. En comunas con más escolaridad, los candidatos gastan más en servicios.
How Can I Improve the Spelling of Class Four Students?
Authors: Lungten .
Published: September 2021

This research shows how the spelling of class four students, and students need to know the spellings so that their sentence structure is correct and in a way they can improve pronunciation. The need to study spelling from a communicative and functional approach arises from the interest of the researcher to perform a systematic analysis of this problem. In it, we realized the difficulty of writing correctly, and at the same time, the great link between writing correctly and developing in certain contexts in the classroom. For this reason, spelling acquires great importance in the educational context, it is necessary to promote in students the need for written communication, to promote the use of written language in different situations, and to support a progressive approach in learning spelling.

The researcher target is for class four students and the school has 10 students with six boys and four girls. Their age range is between 10 and 12. The research is conducted from 1st June to 15th August 2021. The data was collected using three methodologies namely observation of their notebooks, dictation, and the writing of articles. The research was made authentic by the data collected by the researcher and observation, a critical friend's observation, and the field notes maintained by the researcher. The researcher compiled the data by keeping a record of class four students' performance both pre-data and post-data. Towards the end, there was a remarkable improvement in the spellings of class four students. Thus, this research helped the researcher to explore ways to improve the spelling which would benefit the students of grade four at the workplace of the researcher. Refer local terminology in Appendix A.
Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Constituents of Matured Carica papaya Seed Extracts
Authors: Kanadi M. A. , Yila R. , Ibrahim M. P. , Yaradua A. I. , Nasir A.
Published: September 2021

Aim: To investigate the proximate composition and phytochemical constituents of matured Carica papaya seed.

Study Design: Proximate composition was determined on Carica papaya seed powder while extracts for phytochemical analysis were obtained, in turn using five different solvents of varying polarity, namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. The study was carried out between March- April, 2019.

Results: The proximate composition of matured Carica papaya seed showed it contained crude fat (27.72%), carbohydrate (23.34%), crude fibre (21.25%), ash (10.25%), crude protein (9.65%) and moisture (7.34%). Qualitative phytochemical screening of Carica papaya seed extracts detected major phytochemicals except anthraquinones and quantitative analyses of these phytochemicals in all the five extracts showed that flavonoids was the most abundant phytochemical with 38.68%, 35.85%, 36.76%, 34.04% and 23.50% for methanol, aqueous, chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions respectively while tannins was the least abundant phytochemical with 0.03% for methanol extract, 0.04% for n-hexane extract, 0.09% for aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts, and 0.14% for the chloroform extract.

Conclusion: Seeds of matured Carica papaya contain major nutrients that may be useful in nutrition. The presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins in considerable quantities explained the medicinal activity of the plant material as encountered in its therapeutic uses.
Determination of Activity Concentrations and Soil to Cassava Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Essien Ime , Akankpo Akaninyene , Nyong Alice , Inyang Etido
Published: September 2021

Natural radioactivity exists in primordial formations such as rocks, soils, water and air where long lived radionuclides such as , ,  and their affiliates are found. This work was done to determine the specific activity of radionuclides, soil to cassava transfer factor and the effective dose due to consumption of radionuclide in cassava products in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State. The specific activity of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soils and cassava in   the study area was measured using gamma spectrometry. Mean specific activity in soils ranged from BDL to 153.46 ± 10. 99 Bq/Kg for 40K; BDL to 31. 22 ± 7.49 Bq/Kg for 238U and 1.03 ± 0.10 to 12.71 ± 1.24 Bq/Kg for 232Th. Mean specific activity of the radionuclides in cassava in all  locations ranged from 119.86 ± 8.61 to 601.28 ± 43.23 Bq//Kg for 40K; below detectable limit (BDL) to 15. 89 ± 1.55 Bg/Kg for 238U and BDL to 15. 89 ± 1.55 Bq/kg for 232Th. Transfer factors ranged between 3.64 to 4.18 for 40K; 1.30 to 1.82 for 238U and 0.51 to 0.72 for 232Th.  Effective ingestion dose due to the consumption of cassava from the area ranged between 0.99 mSv/yr to 1.08 mSv/yr and 2.68 mSv/yr to 29.16 mSv/yr for children and adult respectively. Most of the TF and effective ingestion dose results for this study were above the recommended value of unity which suggests that consumption of cassava from the studied area may pose radiological health.
Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Niosomes Containing Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera and Pharmacological Screening of the Extract against Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kapil Manas Jyoti , Deka Dhiren , Lahkar Mangala , Sharma Neelakshi , Sarma Dhrubajyoti , Kalita Pratap , Deka Satyendra
Published: September 2021

This research is formulated on the basis of the Rheumatoid Arthritis of a niosome that contains leaf extract of the herb. Therefore, in this part along with the medication system of the herb on the body, the pharmacologic testing procedure is clarified. In the following part, we will explore a thorough assessment of the condition, called rheumatoid arthritis and how the medicinal plant is used as a release agent. While focusing on rheumatoid arthritis throughout the discussion, the research discussion section has made it clear how effectively this paper has tried to meet the formation of niosome with Moringa extract and its effectiveness to reduce the pain. Furthermore, the entire analysis has been illustrated by focusing on the effect of Moringa oleifera over rheumatoid arthritis disease.
Pharmaceutical Analysis of Phalatrikadi Syrup – A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Hematinic Drug
Authors: Patil Aboli , Meti Rajanish , Swapnil C. R.
Published: September 2021

Context: Concepts regarding standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic drugs can be traced back to the ancient times. Based on their observations, principles of drug processing and ideal qualities of finished drugs etc. have been documented. Even though the principles developed based upon the scientific parameters prevailing in those days, they are to be viewed and answered looking at the advancement of science and technology of present scenario.

Material and Methods: Phalatrikadi syrup a poly herbal formulation containing Haritaki, Bibhitaki, Amalaki, Guduchi, Vasa, Nimba Bhunimba and Katuka and was prepared and subjected to pharmacopeial procedures for analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical and fingerprinting for standardization.

Observation and Results: Findings are pH (Direct) 4.32, Specific gravity 1.389, Refractive Index 1.417, Viscosity (Ostwald) 397.82 , Loss on Drying 19.72%, and Total Ash 0.098%, Acid insoluble ash 0.00%,  Total solids 80.27%, Total Sugar 76.92, Total Tannin 0.88%. A test for functional group shows presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, tannins, amino acids,saponin glycosides, flavonoids, and steroids in Phalatrikadi Syrup. Microbial test analysis of Phalatrikadi syrup showed no any microorganism contamination. 

Conclusion: Phalatrikadi Syrup shows all values in the standard range as per API and suggestive of authenticate and standard pharmaceutical preparation of Phalatrikadi syrup.
Health Related Quality of Life among Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Waheed Muhammad Awais , Rehman Iqra , Saeed Bareera , Yousaf Ruhamah , Aslam Sonia
Published: September 2021

Aims: To find out health related quality of life among patients being treated for tuberculosis in the hospital of Lahore, Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross sectional survey is used as research design in this study.

Place and Duration of Study: Farooq Hospital west wood branch Lahore, Gulab Davi Hospital Lahore, Social Security Hospital Lahore between June 2020 and July 2021.

Methodology: Sample (N=150) was drawn through purposive sampling technique from various hospitals of Lahore with age range of 18 – 65 years of 56.7% male and 43.3% female patients of Tuberculosis.Standardized questionnaire (SF-36) was used to determine the health related quality of Life. This questionnaire determines the effect of TB on physical activities, social activities, emotional activities and limitation in routinely work. Data was analyzed through SPSS with descriptive statistic of frequency and percentages.

Results: On the basis of total scores of general health category 53.3% patients considers their health as good when taking antituberculosis medicine. Total scores of Limitations of activities 70.7% patients considers their social activities limited a lot. On the basis of total score of physical health problem category 81.3% considered their physical health were not affected. On the basis of total score of social activities 70.0% patients considered their emotional health problems interfered with normal social activities affected.

Conclusion: It was concluded that limitations of physical activity and compromised psychological status impacted the HRQOL in patient with pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis effect on patient’s physical, psychological and social activities of daily routine. Patient become bed bound due dyspnea and unable complete their task to fulfill the needs of life.
Multiplatform metabolomic analysis of the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Hashimoto Masayo , Watanabe Kenichi , Miyoshi Kan , Koyanagi Yukako , Tadano Jun , Miyawaki Izuru
Published: September 2021

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. To investigate the metabolic alterations that occur in HD, here we examined plasma and whole‐brain metabolomic profiles of the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Plasma and brain metabolomic analyses were conducted using capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE‐MS). In addition, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was also applied to plasma metabolomic analyses, to cover the broad range of metabolites with various physical and chemical properties. Various metabolic alterations were identified in R6/2 mice. We report for the first time the perturbation of histidine metabolism in the brain of R6/2 mice, which was signaled by decreases in neuroprotective dipeptides and histamine metabolites, indicative of neurodegeneration and an altered histaminergic system. Other differential metabolites were related to arginine metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism, suggesting upregulation of the urea cycle, perturbation of energy homeostasis, and an increase in oxidative stress. In addition, remarkable changes in specific lipid classes are indicative of dysregulation of lipid metabolism. These findings provide a deeper insight into the metabolic alterations that occur in HD and provide a foundation for the future development of HD therapeutics.
Adaptive finite‐time output feedback control for Markov jumping nonlinear systems
Authors: Xu Zhiguo , Zhao Lin
Published: September 2021

In this article, the problem of output feedback tracking control for uncertain Markov jumping nonlinear systems is studied. A finite‐time control scheme based on command filtered backstepping and adaptive neural network (NN) technique is given. The finite‐time command filter solves the problem of differential explosions for virtual control signals, the NN is utilized to approximate the uncertain nonlinear dynamics and the adaptive NN observer is applied to restructure the state of system. The finite‐time error compensation mechanism is established to compensate the errors brought by filtering process. The proposed finite‐time tracking control algorithm can ensure that the solution of the closed‐loop system is practically finite‐time stable in mean square. Two simulation examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Floating Farms: Feeding Rotterdam from Within
Authors: Leeman Wesley
Published: September 2021

As consumers become ever more engaged with the ethics of where and how their food is grown, businesses have developed that are totally transparent and sustainable in their production processes. Wesley Leeman, partner at Goldsmith.Company, an architectural firm operating out of Rotterdam, documents his practice's design for floating factories that cater to these criteria.
The Danwei System: Living with Production
Authors: Bonino Michele , Repellino Maria Paola
Published: September 2021

Respectively a professor and research fellow at the Politecnico di Torino, Michele Bonino and Maria Paola Repellino explore the rejuvenation, social aspirations, architectural techniques and outcomes of China's danwei system of industrial units. This is resulting in a revitalisation of these districts, bringing cultural, employment and amenity diversity as well as blurring older boundaries between richer areas and less privileged ones.
Seoul's Shoe Silo: A Vertical Smart Anchor for the Small Manufacturer
Authors: Kang Yerin , Lee Chihoon
Published: September 2021

Architects Yerin Kang and Chihoon Lee of Seoul practice SoA (Society of Architecture) discuss the emerging consumer and manufacturing dynamics evolving in the South Korean capital's industrial zones, particularly Seongsu‐dong. The changes are partly provoked by the establishment of ‘smart anchor’ facilities – government‐funded hubs that provide digital facilities such as 3D printing for companies to share. This also enhances cross‐disciplinary collaboration and encourages small and medium‐sized enterprises.
Composition‐Dependent Photoluminescence Properties and Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications of A2AgX3 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Creason Tielyr D. , Fattal Hadiah , Sharma Manila , Du Mao‐Hua , Saparov Bayram
Published: September 2021

Copper(I) halides are emerging as attractive alternatives to lead halide perovskites for optical and electronic applications. However, blue‐emitting all‐inorganic copper(I) halides suffer from poor stability and lack of tunability of their photoluminescence (PL) properties. Here, the preparation of silver(I) halides A2AgX3 (A = Rb, Cs; X = Cl, Br, I) through solid‐state synthesis is reported. In contrast to the Cu(I) analogs, A2AgX3 are broad‐band emitters sensitive to A and X site substitutions. First‐principle calculations show that defect‐bound excitons are responsible for the observed main PL peaks in Rb2AgX3 and that self‐trapped excitons (STEs) contribute to a minor PL peak in Rb2AgBr3. This is in sharp contrast to Rb2CuX3, in which the PL is dominated by the emission by STEs. Moreover, the replacement of Cu(I) with Ag(I) in A2AgX3 significantly improves photostability and stability in the air under ambient conditions, which enables their consideration for practical applications. Thus, luminescent inks based on A2AgX3 are prepared and successfully used in anti‐counterfeiting applications. The excellent light emission properties, significantly improved stability, simple preparation method, and tunable light emission properties demonstrated by A2AgX3 suggest that silver(I) halides may be attractive alternatives to toxic lead halide perovskites and unstable copper(I) halides for optical applications.
Engineering Bacteria‐Activated Multifunctionalized Hydrogel for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Lu Yifei , Li Haisheng , Wang Jing , Yao Mengyun , Peng Yuan , Liu Tengfei , Li Zhou , Luo Gaoxing , Deng Jun
Published: September 2021

Engineering therapeutic angiogenesis in impaired tissues is critical for chronic wound healing. Materials can be engineered to deliver specific biological cues that enhance angiogenesis. However, currently available materials have limitations for use in angiogenesis engineering since the complex inflammation environment of wounds requires spatiotemporal control. Immune cells are the central component of wound microenvironment and orchestrate immune responses to wound healing. This study presents a novel approach of using a delivery system comprising living Lactococcus, incorporated in a heparin‐poloxamer thermoresponsive hydrogel, designed to bioengineer the wound microenvironment and enhance the angiogenesis in a highly dynamic‐temporal manner. The living system can produce and protect vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to increase proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells, as well as secrete lactic acid to shift macrophages toward an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in successful angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Further, the delivery system confines the bacterial population to wounds, thereby minimizing the risk of systemic toxicities. Therefore, this living hydrogel system can be harnessed for safe and efficient delivery of therapeutics that drive the wound microenvironment toward rapid healing and may serve as a promising scaffold in regenerative medicine.
Multifunctional DNA Hydrogels with Hydrocolloid‐Cotton Structure for Regeneration of Diabetic Infectious Wounds
Authors: Zhou Liping , Pi Wei , Cheng Siyang , Gu Zhen , Zhang Kexin , Min Tiantian , Zhang Wenmin , Du Hongwu , Zhang Peixun , Wen Yongqiang
Published: September 2021

Currently, diabetic infectious wound treatments remain a significant challenge for regenerative medicine due to the unicity of clinical dressings, which lack systemic multifunctional wound dressings with high absorbability, customizable shape, rapid self‐healing, guiding tissue regeneration, and restoring physiological functions. Here, a multifunctional DNA hydrogel is conveniently obtained through grafting DNA units and polyethyleneimine dynamic cross‐linking and doped heating function black phosphorus quantum dots. The obtained DNA hydrogel features excellent exudate absorption performance, adjustable heating ability, mechanical behavior, self‐healing ability, writability, tissue adhesion, and antibacterial properties. The incorporation of procyanidin B2 (OPC B2) endows the DNA hydrogels with renowned scavenging free radicals and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the DNA hydrogel dressing can promote the transformation of macrophages from pro‐inflammatory M1 into repairing M2 phenotype, keeping the wound in a stable remodeled state. Astonishingly, the DNA hydrogel dressing can activate neurons to transform into a repair state, accelerating skin nerve regeneration and angiogenesis. Beyond that, it can recruit myeloid cells to activate the adaptive immune response, enhancing the ability of DNA hydrogel dressing to promote tissue regeneration, thereby promoting hair follicle and hair regeneration. Therefore, this advanced collaborative strategy provides an effective method for cascade management of clinical guided tissue regeneration.
White Blood Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles: Recent Development and Medical Applications
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Shuyan , Zhou Zhidong , Bai Dean , Zhang Qiangzhe , Ai Xiangzhao , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang
Published: September 2021

White blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that play essential roles in critical diseases including cancers, infections, and inflammatory disorders. Their dynamic and diverse functions have inspired the development of WBC membrane‐coated nanoparticles (denoted “WBC‐NPs”), which are formed by fusing the plasma membranes of WBCs, such as macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and natural killer cells, onto synthetic nanoparticle cores. Inheriting the entire source cell antigens, WBC‐NPs act as source cell decoys and simulate their broad biointerfacing properties with intriguing therapeutic potentials. Herein, the recent development and medical applications of WBC‐NPs focusing on four areas, including WBC‐NPs as carriers for drug delivery, as countermeasures for biological neutralization, as nanovaccines for immune modulation, and as tools for the isolation of circulating tumor cells and fundamental research is reviewed. Overall, the recent development and studies of WBC‐NPs have established the platform as versatile nanotherapeutics and tools with broad medical application potentials.
Mn‐Rich MnSb2Te4: A Topological Insulator with Magnetic Gap Closing at High Curie Temperatures of 45–50 K
Authors: Wimmer Stefan , Sánchez‐Barriga Jaime , Küppers Philipp , Ney Andreas , Schierle Enrico , Freyse Friedrich , Caha Ondrej , Michalička Jan , Liebmann Marcus , Primetzhofer Daniel , Hoffman Martin , Ernst Arthur , Otrokov Mikhail M. , Bihlmayer Gustav , Weschke Eugen , Lake Bella , Chulkov Evgueni V. , Morgenstern Markus , Bauer Günther , Springholz Gunther , Rader Oliver
Published: September 2021

Ferromagnetic topological insulators exhibit the quantum anomalous Hall effect, which is potentially useful for high‐precision metrology, edge channel spintronics, and topological qubits.  The stable 2+ state of Mn enables intrinsic magnetic topological insulators. MnBi2Te4 is, however, antiferromagnetic with 25 K Néel temperature and is strongly n‐doped. In this work, p‐type MnSb2Te4, previously considered topologically trivial, is shown to be a ferromagnetic topological insulator for a few percent Mn excess. i) Ferromagnetic hysteresis with record Curie temperature of 45–50 K, ii) out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy, iii) a 2D Dirac cone with the Dirac point close to the Fermi level, iv) out‐of‐plane spin polarization as revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy, and v) a magnetically induced bandgap closing at the Curie temperature, demonstrated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), are shown. Moreover, a critical exponent of the magnetization β ≈ 1 is found, indicating the vicinity of a quantum critical point. Ab initio calculations reveal that Mn–Sb site exchange provides the ferromagnetic interlayer coupling and the slight excess of Mn nearly doubles the Curie temperature. Remaining deviations from the ferromagnetic order open the inverted bulk bandgap and render MnSb2Te4 a robust topological insulator and new benchmark for magnetic topological insulators.
π‐Conjugated Small Molecules Modified SnO2 Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells with over 23% Efficiency
Authors: Lou Qiang , Han Yufang , Liu Chang , Zheng Kanghui , Zhang Jinsheng , Chen Xia , Du Qing , Chen Chong , Ge Ziyi
Published: September 2021

SnO2 has been universally applied as electron transporting layer (ETL) towards the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to its unique advantages including low‐temperature solution‐processability, high optical, transmittance and good electrical conductivity. Uncoordinated Sn‐dangling bonds on SnO2 surface exist as deep traps to capture the photogenerated carriers, causing hysteresis and device instability. Fullerene derivatives, though being widely utilized as the passivator for SnO2, are highly prone to self‐aggregate due to their π‐cage structures, which hampers passivation. Herein, π‐conjugated n‐type small molecules with better film formation ability are innovatively designed, to improve passivation effectiveness. By exploring the interplay between molecular stacking of small molecules and charge transporting/recombination dynamics at the SnO2/perovskite interface, it is unveiled that a more compact molecular packing of the organic passivators yields superior interfacial characteristics, in terms of fewer trap states, lower charge recombination and higher electron transporting efficiency. An impressive PCE over 23% is achieved with the assistance of this new‐type SnO2‐passivator, which is among the highest reported value for triple‐cation perovskite systems to date. This work offers an original concept for the design and synthesis of ETL passivators towards the development of high performance and stable PSCs.
Characterizing Batteries by In Situ Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy: A Critical Review
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Said Samia , Smith Keenan , Jervis Rhodri , Howard Christopher A. , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Dan J. L. , Miller Thomas S.
Published: September 2021

Although lithium, and other alkali ion, batteries are widely utilized and studied, many of the chemical and mechanical processes that underpin the materials within, and drive their degradation/failure, are not fully understood. Hence, to enhance the understanding of these processes various ex situ, in situ and operando characterization methods are being explored. Recently, electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM), and related techniques, have emerged as crucial platforms for the versatile characterization of battery material surfaces. They have revealed insights into the morphological, mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of battery materials when they evolve under electrochemical control. This critical review will appraise the progress made in the understanding batteries using EC‐AFM, covering both traditional and new electrode–electrolyte material junctions. This progress will be juxtaposed against the ability, or inability, of the system adopted to embody a truly representative battery environment. By contrasting key EC‐AFM literature with conclusions drawn from alternative characterization tools, the unique power of EC‐AFM to elucidate processes at battery interfaces is highlighted. Simultaneously opportunities for complementing EC‐AFM data with a range of spectroscopic, microscopic, and diffraction techniques to overcome its limitations are described, thus facilitating improved battery performance.
Hard Carbon Anodes for Next‐Generation Li‐Ion Batteries: Review and Perspective
Authors: Xie Lijing , Tang Cheng , Bi Zhihong , Song Mingxin , Fan Yafeng , Yan Chong , Li Xiaoming , Su Fangyuan , Zhang Qiang , Chen Chengmeng
Published: September 2021

Carbonaceous materials have been accepted as a promising family of anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to optimal overall performance. Among various emerging carbonaceous anode materials, hard carbons have recently gained significant attention for high‐energy LIBs. The most attractive features of hard carbons are the enriched microcrystalline structure, which not only benefits the uptake of more Li+ ions but also facilitates the Li+ ions intercalation and deintercalation. However, the booming application of hard carbons is significantly slowed by the low initial Coulombic efficiency, large initial irreversible capacity, and voltage hysteresis. Many efforts have been devoted to address these challenges toward practical applications. This paper focuses on an up‐to‐date overview of hard carbons, with an emphasis on the lithium storage fundamentals and material classification of hard carbons as well as present challenges and potential solutions. The future prospects and perspectives on hard carbons to enable practical application in next‐generation batteries are also highlighted.