bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune system-wide Mendelian randomization and triangulation analyses support autoimmunity as a modifiable component in dementia-causing diseases
Authors: Lindbohm Joni V. , Mars Nina , Sipilä Pyry N. , Singh-Manoux Archana , Runz Heiko ,   FinnGen, Livingston Gill , Seshadri Sudha , Xavier Ramnik , Hingorani Aroon D. , Ripatti Samuli , Kivimäki Mika
Published: October 2022

Immune system and blood–brain barrier dysfunction are implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s and other dementia-causing diseases, but their causal role remains unknown. We performed Mendelian randomization for 1,827 immune system- and blood–brain barrier-related biomarkers and identified 127 potential causal risk factors for dementia-causing diseases. Pathway analyses linked these biomarkers to amyloid-β, tau and α-synuclein pathways and to autoimmunity-related processes. A phenome-wide analysis using Mendelian randomization-based polygenic risk score in the FinnGen study (n = 339,233) for the biomarkers indicated shared genetic background for dementias and autoimmune diseases. This association was further supported by human leukocyte antigen analyses. In inverse-probability-weighted analyses that simulate randomized controlled drug trials in observational data, anti-inflammatory methotrexate treatment reduced the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in high-risk individuals (hazard ratio compared with no treatment, 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.88,P = 0.005). These converging results from different lines of human research suggest that autoimmunity is a modifiable component in dementia-causing diseases.
Alginate-based Carriers for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Manna Sreejan , Nandi Gouranga , Jana Sougata
Published: October 2022

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) are gaining increased popularity in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Several approaches for transdermal delivery are being used in drug targeting including microneedle based formulation, transdermal patches, and topical gels. Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide widely employed in the agricultural, food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. This naturally occurring anionic polysaccharide originates from brown seaweed. The abundant availability of alginate in nature and its excellent biocompatible profile has increased its application as a biopolymer for drug delivery application of therapeutic agents. Amongst many natural polymers, the use of alginate has been increasing in topically applied drug delivery systems over the past few decades. This chapter deals with several approaches of transdermal delivery of alginate based systems and provides an insight into the physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy of alginate as a drug carrier.
Chitosan-based Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: Advances and Challenges
Authors: dos Santos D. M. , Ballesteros C. A. S. , Grizzo A. , da Costa V. P. V. , Alvarenga A. D. , Chagas P. A. M. , Corrêa D. S.
Published: October 2022

Nanocarriers for drug delivery have emerged as a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs and other pharmacologically active agents. These systems can be designed with the use of a myriad of materials and approaches, with benefits in aspects spanning from the controlled release of active molecules, enhanced cellular uptake, decrease of side effects, etc. Among the materials to be employed as nanocarriers, chitosan, a β(1 → 4)-linked copolymer of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose (GlcN) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose (GlcNAc), is of utmost importance. Chitosan is usually obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, a naturally abundant polysaccharide mainly found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. The attractive properties of chitosan are many and include biocompatibility and biodegradability, non-toxicity, antimicrobial activity material, mucoadhesiveness, versatility for several chemical modifications, as well as a large abundance of raw material. In this chapter we present a recent survey on chitosan-based drug delivery systems based on nanospheres, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, nanogels, and nanofibers, which can be used in the treatment of various diseases. Moreover, current challenges and future perspectives on the real use of this chitosan-based nanosystem are also presented.
Pullulan in the Delivery of Therapeutics
Authors: Ahmed Hanan B. , Emam Hossam E.
Published: October 2022

Researching approaches that are interesting in the investigation of drug delivery systems is challenging when fabricating such systems from non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials such as polysaccharides. Pullulan is a polysaccharide that is basically composed of maltotriose building units. Pullulan can be obtained from fungal fermentation of starch by Aureobasidium pullulans. Pullulan and its derivatives could be conjugated or form a complex with special types of hydrophobic drugs. Therefore, the presented chapter reviews the superiority of pullulan in the delivery of various therapeutics. Some research reports were considered that studied the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance and physical interactions in order to investigate various characteristic drug carriers with controllable uploading and selectivity for carrying the drugs to certain organs. Pullulan chemical construction could be easily modified in order to increase its efficiency for transferring different types of drugs. Pullulan could be also modified to be in the form of films, nanoparticles, micro-particles, micelles, and hydrogels. The therapeutic activities of pullulan include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, bone regenerator and systemic protective role, anti-glycemic, anti-lipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The medical compatibility of pullulan-based drug delivery systems is affirmed by the profiles of experimental tests that are carried out in vivo or in vitro for monitoring their drug releasing and cytotoxic effects.
Cellulose-based Biomaterials in Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Pires Cassiano , Santos Maria Jackeline R. , de Freitas Rilton A.
Published: October 2022

This chapter provides concepts about cellulose, its derivatives, and its application, as a biomaterial for drug delivery. Cellulose sources, structure, and characteristics such as polymorphisms will be discussed and an emphasis on nanoscale will be presented, featuring versatile materials such as nanofibers and nanocrystals. The chapter also presents the recent applications of these materials as drug delivery systems, especially in gels, as hydrogels.
Polysaccharide-based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Rajakumari R. , Saha Prosenjit , Ghosal Kajal , Tharayil Abhimanyu , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu
Published: October 2022

Polysaccharides are the most widely used biomacromolecules present in plants, animals, and microorganisms. In addition, they are very significant biomaterials because of their promising bioactivities, immunogenicity, natural abundance, and chemical modifiability for tissue engineering applications. There are many similarities in the biochemical properties of the extracellular matrix of the human and polysaccharides are very widely accepted and recognized. Moreover, polysaccharides have remarkable properties such as their degradation behavior is nontoxic, they are biocompatible, have improved mechanical properties, and a tunable tissue response. These improved properties can be easily obtained through modification of the functional groups on the surface of polysaccharide molecules. In recent years, polysaccharide-based scaffold materials in the tissue engineering field have been growing in the areas of bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, skin regeneration, cardiac regeneration, and neural regeneration. This chapter precisely deals with the physical/chemical properties of polysaccharides, biological properties, and cross-linking mechanisms between the structures and properties. Moreover, the recent developments of polysaccharide-based biomaterials in tissue engineering applications and the views of future studies are also addressed. Furthermore, this chapter also gives a broader understanding and recent research developments of these polysaccharide-based scaffold materials in tissue engineering applications.
Liquid phase high shear exfoliated few-layered graphene for highly sensitive ascorbic acid electrochemical sensors
Authors: Banavath Ramu , Abhinav Anand , Nemala Siva Sankar , Srivastava Rohit , Bhargava Parag
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical activity of high shear exfoliated graphene enhanced owing to high surface area and defects formed during exfoliation. Selective oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) by exfoliated graphene led to highly selective AA electrochemical sensors.
Large-scale production of Au nanoparticles as medical antibiotics
Authors: Meng Hongyu , Cheng Shiyu , Wang Le , Balachandran Yekkuni L. , Zhang Wei , Jiang Xingyu
Published: October 2022

We present a process of producing antibacterial AuNPs on a large scale, and the AuNP-based medical dressing prepared using continuous dyeing and finishing machines is promising to be used in clinical antibacterial applications.
An experimental and computational study of a low-temperature electrolyte design utilizing iodide-based ionic liquid and butyronitrile
Authors: Lin Wendy J. , Xu Yifei , Gliege Marisa E. , Whitney Christopher , Chen Mu-Tao , Gunckel Ryan , Dai Lenore L.
Published: October 2022

A designed low-temperature electrolyte of [BMIM][I]/BuCN/LiI extends the liquidus range down to −150 °C. The complex interactions between imidazolium/iodide ions and nitrile solvent molecule results in enhancement of thermal and transport properties.
Magnetic-field-controlled counterion migration within polyionic liquid micropores enables nano-energy harvest
Authors: Xiao Tao , Wang Jingyu , Guo Jiahui , Zhao Xing , Yan Yong
Published: October 2022

The magnetic field is used to separate charges which enables us to fabricate a magnetic energy harvesting device.
Iron(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of indole–xanthydrol hybrid through oxidative cycloisomerization/hydroxylation reaction
Authors: Kar Abhishek , Rana Gopal , Chanda Rupsa , Jana Umasish
Published: October 2022

Iron(iii)-catalyzed synthesis of indole–xanthydrol hybrid through oxidative cycloisomerization/hydroxylation reaction.
Multipronged diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ramesh Madhu , Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: October 2022

Decades of research have revealed the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease. We present recent efforts and multipronged approaches to rationally develop reliable diagnostics and therapeutics targeting multiple pathological factors.
Insight into ortho-boronoaldehyde conjugation via a FRET-based reporter assay
Authors: Rose Nicholas C. , Sanchez Anaïs V. , Tipple Eve F. , Lynam Jason M. , Spicer Christopher D.
Published: October 2022

A FRET-based platform has been developed to allow the rapid reactions between ortho-boronoaldehydes and amine-based nucleophiles to be precisely studied.
Solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes utilizing electroluminescent perylene tetraester-based columnar liquid crystals
Authors: Dhingra Shallu , Siddiqui Iram , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Shahnawaz  , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Jou Jwo-Huei , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: October 2022

The synthesis and characterization of a series of perylene tetraesters-based discotic liquid crystals (1a–c) is reported here. Employment of these materials in OLEDs leads to the improvement in device efficiencies.
The Practical Research of Computer Technology in Educational Management Information Construction
Authors: Liu Chao , Wu Jienan
Published: October 2022

In the work of traditional education management, the efficiency of education management is affected by the lack of comprehensive understanding of the connotation of information management, the weak foundation of information construction and the unsound management system. To this end, we should correctly understand the value of education management information construction, through the use of computer technology, accelerate the process of education management information construction. This paper analyzes the value of computer technology in the construction of educational management information system, and puts forward some practical strategies.
Research on Development and Design of Enterprise Management System Based on C/S Architecture
Authors: Sun Shengyu , Shun Ruan Thien
Published: October 2022

Under the Intelligent Management Environment, in order to promote the enterprise management efficiency and release the enterprise management cost, it is necessary to construct the modern enterprise management system based on the intelligent technology, to realize the intelligent upgrade and all-round development of enterprise management. C/S structure is an open mode, which can improve the efficiency of enterprise management. By studying the present situation of enterprise management, deeply discussing and analyzing the enterprise management, this paper puts forward an enterprise management system with C/S structure, to realize the automatic management of enterprise management, such as data collection, information inquiry and data statistics process, and improve the efficiency of enterprise management in an all-round way.
Research on Application of Computer Virtual Technology in Basketball Training
Authors: Li Zhenguo
Published: October 2022

Sports training is an important way to improve the level of sports competition. By giving full play to the advantages of the application of virtual technology, it can improve the training results of various sports events and enable athletes to master sports details, to help athletes adjust their movements in time, improve the level of basketball skills. In the process of basketball sports training, giving full play to the advantages of the application of computer virtual technology not only reconstructs the basketball training system, but also greatly improves the students' understanding and understanding of basketball, has realized the basketball training system the comprehensive sublimation. Based on the application background of computer virtual technology in basketball sports training and combining with the requirements of basketball sports training, this paper puts forward the application strategy of computer virtual technology.
Research on National Music Teaching Mode Based on Computer Platform
Authors: Yang Huiqing
Published: October 2022

National music is the quintessence of Chinese traditional art. The artistic concept and humanistic aesthetics are of great significance to improve students' artistic quality and optimize the talent training system. However, in the environment of wisdom education, the traditional national music teaching model has been difficult to inspire students to understand and learn related music materials. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the teaching ecology of national music by constructing an intelligent and three-dimensional national vocal music teaching mode based on the computer advantage platform. Based on the present situation of national music teaching, this paper puts forward a national music teaching mode based on computer platform.
Research on Computer-aided Ideological and Political Education for College Students
Authors: Fan Yanan
Published: October 2022

Ideological and political education is a key course to develop students and realize the goal of all-round education. It is also an important carrier to carry out the task of "establishing morality and cultivating people". Facing the new situation of wisdom education, in order to deepen students' ideological understanding and cultivate students' good quality, it is necessary to make full use of computer-aided advantages and pay attention to students' ideological and political learning experience, stimulate students to participate in the internal motivation of ideological and political learning, to promote students out of the classroom, real integration into society. By analyzing the practical background of computer-aided ideological and political education for college students, this paper puts forward a computer-aided ideological and political education program for college students.
The Application of Computer Graphics CAD Technology in Civil Engineering
Authors: Jiang Ruiyang
Published: October 2022

The CAD technology of computer drawing software has powerful drawing ability. When it is applied to civil engineering, it will meet the drawing ability of different complexity in the design process, to achieve a variety of graphics format effective conversion. CAD technology platform compatibility is strong, can be in a variety of software systems for drawing, cross-media, cross-platform to achieve effective application. Therefore, in the process of improving the efficiency of civil engineering design in an all-round way, we should take the advantage of computer drawing CAD technology as the foundation and continuously improve the design method by innovating the design idea, really promote the innovation of civil engineering design.
The Application of Database and Big Data Technology in College Ideological and Political Work and Student Work
Authors: Chen Yingjuan
Published: October 2022

In the environment of Big Data, database and big data technology are widely used, which provides intellectual impetus and technical support for the innovation of ideological and political work and student work in colleges and universities. In order to innovate the ideological and political system of colleges and universities and optimize the working mode of students, it is necessary to take the advantage of the application of database and big data technology as the basis, and to innovate and reconstruct the ideological and political system of colleges and universities and the working mode of students, we will comprehensively improve the quality of education for our people. Based on the advantages of the application of database and big data technology in ideological and political work and student work in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward some concrete application strategies.
ANOVA on College Students' Physical Fitness
Authors: Xiao Li
Published: October 2022

Through a sampling survey of the results of the physical fitness test of the students of Guilin Institute of Aerospace Industry in 2018, using the analysis of variance research method, the five variable indicators of the physical fitness of the surveyed students were analyzed, and the changes in the physical fitness of the students during the three years of university were studied. The test results show that during college, the physical fitness of students has been increasing year by year, but the growth rate has been declining, and the difference in physical fitness is mainly due to the changes in their own high body mass index and vital capacity body mass index, and the endurance quality of students has not improved much. The analysis results show that the improvement of college students' physical fitness can be regarded as a recovery from poor physical fitness in high school. Therefore, there is still greater potential and room for improving the physical fitness of college students.
Research on Smart City Construction based on Natural Technology
Authors: Hang Chen , Wei Dong Wu , Hang Chen
Published: October 2022

In the process of smart city construction and service, natural technologies such as big data, property networking and cloud computing play an irreplaceable core role. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply study the natural technology of smart cities for the development of smart cities. Starting from the natural technology elements of smart city, this study first introduces the key natural technologies in the process of smart city construction and summarizes the framework model of smart city based on natural technology according to the connection and operation rules of various technologies. Secondly, this study analyzes the biggest dilemma faced by smart city construction led by natural technology, that is, the lack of social technology. Finally, the development countermeasures for smart city construction are put forward.
Chinese Li Han Tropical Regions of High School Students Mental Health "Sunshine Sports" Intervention Study
Authors: Hang Wenhuan , Yang Qinqin , Hao Wenting
Published: October 2022

The research randomly selected 65 Li national and 99 Han national high school students from each 3 middle schools of Haikou and Wuzhishan city in Hainan province as the research object, used scl-90 to test their mental health status, and proposed the “sunshine sports” intervention measures according to the statistical inference of the data.
Study on the practice of environmental art design workshop based on computer virtual reality technology
Authors: Wang Linyan
Published: October 2022

Based on the theory of group dynamics, the environmental art design workshop enables the team members to form a new team value standard under the friendly cooperation by giving full play to the dynamic characteristics of the team, and then change and optimize the design concept. In the environment of intelligent design, through timely adjustment and optimization of the design concept, so as to dissolve the traditional rigid thinking, reconstruct a new environmental art design scheme. Through the analysis of the practical value of the environmental art design workshop based on the computer virtual reality technology, the concrete practical scheme is explored.
Simulation and analysis of dance teaching action based on multimedia technology
Authors: Gao Simeng
Published: October 2022

Motion simulation is an intelligent technology with strong vitality and application advantages. If it is applied in dance teaching, it will realize the simulation of dance teaching environment and teaching difficulties, help the learners to better understand the main points of dance movements, feel the deep aesthetics of dance, promote the psychological adaptation of students, and contribute to the development of new dance movements. Therefore, in the current innovative dance teaching process, we should pay attention to the use of motion capture technology, virtual simulation technology and multimedia technology to drive the development of dance teaching wisdom.
Heat Treatment Influence on Mechanical Properties of Nickel Based Cold Spray
Authors: Chocholousek Michal , Bricín David , Spirit Zbynek
Published: October 2022

The article deals with evaluation of Ni and NiCr Cold Spray layers as a potential method for repairing components in energy industry by replacing or refilling flawed material. Cold spray layers from two NiCr powders of different particle sizes sprayed with nozzle for inner tube application and from Ni powder of one particle size sprayed with different nozzle types – for inner and outer tube applications – were tested. The evaluation is aimed on mechanical properties and metallographic analysis of cold spray layers as received and after defined heat treatments. It summarizes tensile properties at room temperature and microstructure of used powders and final cold spray layers. Ultimate tensile strength, hardness and plastic elongation are evaluated from the mechanical point of view. Metallographic analysis is focused on ovality and size of particles in powders and of splats in final cold sprays. Porosity of sprayed layers is evaluated on tested specimens.
Preliminary results of PIV measurement past a stator wheel inside the VT-400 test turbine
Authors: Duda Daniel , Horáček Vít , Klimko Marek , Milčák Petr , Uruba Václav , Yanovych Vitalii , Žitek Pavel
Published: October 2022

The feasibility study of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements inside a test turbine at the University of West Bohemia. The current VT-400 turbine is not prepared for optical measurement with seeding particles, thus several technical issues had to be addressed until low-quality data were obtained only at low speed of 2000 RPM (rounds per minute). Even the low quality data are able to show the fluctuation anisotropy or the size of fluctuation structures, which are quantities not measurable by classical pressure methods.
CFD Simulation and Flow Study of a Velocity Compounded Radial Re-Entry Turbine - Elektra
Authors: Janischowsky Fabian , Stümpfl Dominik , Streit Philipp , Weiß Andreas P. , Lesser Andreas
Published: October 2022

In order to meet the targets set out in the Paris climate agreement of 2015, the energy sector needs to be restructured. In Germany for example the goal is to move out of both nuclear and coal-fired power. In order to fulfil more demanding energy requests alternative sources of energy must be found and made available. One component is the usage of Waste Heat Recovery.

This paper deals with the evaluation simulation of an Elektra turbine, which concept is a velocity compounded radial re-entry single wheel turbine. Based on the first turbine design, multiple simulations were carried out in order to maximize the efficiency. With these simulations, optimization opportunities are described and identified. The paper concludes with a comparison of the results achieved by numerical simulation and on the experimental test bench. The main focus for this paper is to analyze the actual flow phenomena to identify possibilities for further improvements. All simulations were calculated with the commercial software FINETM/TURBO 15.1.
Investigation of heat treatment process using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Koós Dániel , Faragó Dávid , Bencs Péter
Published: October 2022

Martensitic hardening is a technology widely used in mechanical engineering practice to increase the hardness and abrasion resistance of ferrous alloys. To achieve martensitic hardening, the workpiece must be cooled the workpiece very quickly, which can be achieved through using various refrigerants. The quality and the properties of these coolants have a great influence on the success of the process, so their investigation is essential. Throughout the investigation method – according to ISO 9950 standard –various aqueous suspensions used as refrigerants are studied by placing a heated cylindrical specimen in a refrigerated container (which will be described later) and by recording the temperature change over time. The flows generated in the tank during the heat treatment influence the nature of the heat transfer, thus the hardening process itself. The task is to map these flow conditions to give a comprehensive description of the qualification process in question. With the advancement of measurement technologies, there are more and more possibilities to determine the velocity of flowing media, even at several points simultaneously. Using the available PIV (Particle Image Velocity) system, the two-dimensional vector field of the flow can be determined on a complete plane surface. In the present research, the applicability of seeding particles required for the PIV measurement technique is also investigated as part of the mentioned project, establishing further research possibilities. The classification of eight different seeding particles is presented. As a final result, seeding particles suitable in the current arrangement for proper flow display are listed.
The Alternative concept - external steam-gas heat exchanger (DaGaVo)
Authors: Zizka Tomas
Published: October 2022

In Waste to Energy plants ((WtE)) is treatment of municipal solid waste a complex process that places strictly demands on design and operation of technology. As part of the general renovation of the WtE plant in Prague Malesice was installed an alternative concept for flue gas heating in front of Selective Catalytic Reduction System (SCR) DeNOx. This concept replaced the original flue gas heating with natural gas burners with steam heating using an external steam-gas heat exchanger (DaGAVo). This alternative concept aims to reduce natural gas consumption, reduce secondary emissions and increase the energy efficiency of the installation.
Mitarbeit im Berufsverband – warum es sich lohnt
Authors: Nipshagen Sabine
Published: October 2022

In dieser Ausgabe möchte ich Ihnen 2 Mitglieder des Executive Commitee (EC) der EDTNA/ERCA vorstellen. Berufsverbände und ihre wertvolle Arbeit wären ohne ehrenamtlichen Einsatz nicht möglich.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2023
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: October 2022

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2023 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Action recognition based on discrete cosine transform by optical pixel-wise encoding
Authors: Liang Yu , Huang Honghao , Li Jingwei , Dong Xiaowen , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei
Published: October 2022

The framework provides a novel pipeline for action recognition. The action recognition task classifies the action label of the scene. High-speed cameras are commonly used to generate high frame-rate videos for capturing sufficient motion information. However, the data volume would be the bottleneck of the system. With the insight that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of video signals reveals the motion information remarkably, instead of obtaining video data as with traditional cameras, the proposed method directly captures a DCT spectrum of video in a single shot through optical pixel-wise encoding. Considering that video signals are sparsely distributed in the DCT domain, a learning-based frequency selector is designed for pruning the trivial frequency channels of the spectrum. An opto-electronic neural network is designed for action recognition from a single coded spectrum. The optical encoder generates the DCT spectrum, and the rest of the network jointly optimizes the frequency selector and classification model simultaneously. Compared to conventional video-based action recognition methods, the proposed method achieves higher accuracy with less data, less communication bandwidth, and less computational burden. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has superior action recognition performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work investigating action recognition in the DCT domain.
Developmental corpus insights into the writing life of a primary school child in Australia
Authors: Hamid M. Obaidul , Crosthwaite Peter
Published: October 2022

Children’s writing development is a matter of concern for Australian and other education systems. Factors related
to the nature of writing as a literate skill, school writing pedagogy, and diminishing role of writing in a screen-dominant
environment may account for this educational concern. What happens in a child’s writing when immigrant parents assign them writing
tasks at home taking into account their writing concerns compounded by their family linguacultural backgrounds in an English-only
environment? This paper presents developmental corpus analyses involving data taken from a 1.5-year family writing intervention
program for a primary school immigrant child, using multidimensional analysis to determine the latent linguistic traits
characteristic of the child’s writing development over time. The findings illustrate a range of linguistic features comprising
four main dimensions representative of the child’s writing development, together with a focus on the emergence of his written
self. Although the findings provide data-driven developmental insights into the child’s writing life, the parental intervention
itself presented ethical dilemmas.
Probing physics beyond the standard model: limits from BBN and the CMB independently and combined
Authors: Yeh Tsung-Han , Shelton Jessie , Olive Keith A. , Fields Brian D.
Published: October 2022

We present new Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on the cosmic expansion rate or
relativistic energy density, quantified via the number Nν
of equivalent neutrino species. We
use the latest light element observations, neutron mean lifetime, and update our evaluation for
the nuclear rates d + d ⟶ 3He + n and d + d ⟶ 3H+
p. Combining this result with the independent constraints from the cosmic microwave background
(CMB) yields tight limits on new physics that perturbs Nν
and η prior to cosmic
nucleosynthesis: a joint BBN+CMB analysis gives Nν
= 2.898 ± 0.141, resulting in Nν
<
3.180 at 2σ. We apply these limits to a wide variety of new physics scenarios including
right-handed neutrinos, dark radiation, and a stochastic gravitational wave background. The
strength of the independent BBN and CMB constraints now opens a new window: we can search for
limits on potential changes in Nν
and/or the baryon-to-photon ratio η between the
two epochs. The present data place strong constraints on the allowed changes in Nν
between
BBN and CMB decoupling; for example, we find -0.708 < Nν

CMB - Nν

BBN < 0.328 in
the case where η and the primordial helium mass fraction Yp
are unchanged between the two
epochs; we also give limits on the allowed variations in η or in (η, Nν
) jointly. We
discuss scenarios in which such changes could occur, and show that BBN+CMB results combine to
place important constraints on some early dark energy models to explain the H0
tension.
Looking to the future, we forecast the tightened precision for Nν
arising from both CMB Stage
4 measurements as well as improvements in astronomical 4He measurements. We find that CMB-S4
combined with present BBN and light element observation precision can give σ(Nν
) ≃
0.03. Such future precision would reveal the expected effect of neutrino heating (Neff
-3 = 0.044) of the CMB during BBN, and would be near the level to reveal any particle species
ever in thermal equilibrium with the standard model. Improved Yp
measurements can push this
precision even further.
Band-stop filter based on metal–insulator-metal hybridized with graphene layer in telecommunication regime
Authors: Karimi Asieh , Jabbari Masoud , Solookinejad Ghahraman
Published: October 2022

Graphene offers unique properties such that changing the incident energy density of the carriers by gate voltage leads to alteration of the chemical potential that can be used in light manipulation of photonic devices. In this work, we propose a band-stop filter hybrid graphene nanostructure composed of a graphene layer which is added to a metal–insulator–metal plasmonic waveguide structure. We use the finite element method to numerically calculate the light transmission of the graphene-based structure for adjusting chemical potential of graphene. Our calculations show that with constant structural parameters the observed transmission is modified when the chemical potential of graphene changes. Also, the transmission can be filtered in specific wavelength by controlling the chemical potential. The result shows the filtering at lower wavelengths by increasing the chemical potential. Moreover, the performance of this structure for the different channel width and refractive index of insulator is studied.
Intermodal dispersive waves and soliton collision during multimode supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide glass fiber
Authors: Xing Dengke , He Jiangyong , Wang Pan , Guo Huiyi , Chang Kun , Liu Congcong , Liu Yange , Wang Zhi
Published: October 2022

Comparing with fused silica fiber, chalcogenide glass fibers are considered as an ideal platform for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation (SCG) because of its higher nonlinear coefficient and wider transparency window. Multimode fiber provides a new way to achieve special spectral characteristics in SCG by introducing intermodal interaction. We investigate the intermodal nonlinear phenomena associated with SCG in multimode chalcogenide fiber by numerically solving multimode generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The results indicate that when the phase matching condition is satisfied, the intermodal interaction leads to the generation of dispersive waves at mid-infrared wavelength. Furthermore, intermodal and intramodal soliton collision are observed, and the bandwidth of the supercontinuum is increased by the intermodal interaction. These results may provide a new way for the generation of mid-infrared supercontinuum light source.
Higher-order rogue waves with controllable fission and asymmetry localized in a (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Boussinesq equation
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Ying
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is to report the feasibility of constructing high-order rogue waves with controllable fission and asymmetry for high-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. Such a nonlinear model considered in this paper as the concrete example is the (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Boussinesq (gB) equation, and the corresponding method is Zhaqilao’s symbolic computation approach containing two embedded parameters. It is indicated by the (3 + 1)-dimensional gB equation that the embedded parameters can not only control the center of the first-order rogue wave, but also control the number of the wave peaks split from higher-order rogue waves and the asymmetry of higher-order rogue waves about the coordinate axes. The main novelty of this paper is that the obtained results and findings can provide useful supplements to the method used and the controllability of higher-order rogue waves.
The generational divide over climate change among American evangelicals
Authors: Lowe Benjamin S , Jacobson Susan K , Israel Glenn D , Kotcher John E , Rosenthal Seth A , Maibach Edward W , Leiserowitz Anthony
Published: October 2022

As urgency grows to address global warming, younger generations can play a strategic role in mobilizing communities that have generally been more opposed to climate action and policy, such as political and religious conservatives in the United States. American evangelical Protestants—and white evangelicals in particular—are the largest religious group in the U.S. and also the most skeptical of climate science. There is growing interest, however, around whether evangelicals are becoming ‘greener,’ and whether climate attitudes among younger generations are diverging from their elders. We analyze empirical evidence for such generational divides by comparing data from two Climate Change in the American Mind surveys (n = 2332) with a national survey of Generation Z evangelicals (n = 1063). Our results show that young evangelicals are highly likely to say that global warming is happening (89%) and anthropogenic (75%), with approximately a third of young evangelicals doing so despite perceptions that their parents disagree. They are also consistently more likely than older evangelicals to express pro-climate positions on a range of belief and attitudinal measures. The results are more mixed when young evangelicals are compared more broadly with the general American public as well as with Generation Z Americans. Notably, however, young evangelicals are more supportive of climate policies, such as funding renewable energy research, than Americans overall, even though they are also more politically conservative and Republican. These results suggest that a generational ‘greening’ of American evangelicals may indeed be taking place, potentially along with some decoupling of climate attitudes from political identity. This may have major implications for the future of climate action and policy in the United States and beyond.
Engineered Stone Fabrication Work Releases Volatile Organic Compounds Classified as Lung Irritants
Authors: Ramkissoon Chandnee , Gaskin Sharyn , Hall Tony , Pisaniello Dino , Zosky Graeme
Published: October 2022

Engineered stones are often characterized for their crystalline silica content. Their organic composition, particularly that of the emissions generated during fabrication work using hand-held power tools, is relatively unexplored. We forensically screened the emissions from dry-cutting 12 engineered stone products in a test chamber for their organic composition by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) plus selected traditional capture and analysis techniques. Phthalic anhydride, which has a Respiratory Sensitization (RSEN) Notation by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), was the most common and abundant compound, at 26–85% of the total organic composition of engineered stone emissions. Benzaldehyde and styrene were also present in all twelve samples. During active cutting, the predominant volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted was styrene, with phthalic anhydride, benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene also detected. These results have important health implications as styrene and phthalic anhydride are irritants to the respiratory tract. This study suggests a risk of concurrent exposure to high levels of respirable crystalline silica and organic lung irritants during engineered stone fabrication work.
P311 promotes type II transforming growth factor-β receptor mediated fibroblast activation and granulation tissue formation in wound healing
Authors: Wang Jue , Shang Ruoyu , Yang Jiacai , Liu Zhihui , Chen Yunxia , Chen Cheng , Zheng Wenxia , Tang Yuanyang , Zhang Xiaorong , Hu Xiaohong , Huang Yong , Shen Han-Ming , Luo Gaoxing , He Weifeng
Published: October 2022

Background

P311, a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein, has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts. Nevertheless, how P311 regulates the differentiation and function of fibroblasts to affect granulation tissue formation remains unclear. In this work, we studied the underlying mechanisms via which P311 affects fibroblasts and promotes acute skin wound repair.

Methods

To explore the role of P311, both in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models were used. Full-thickness skin excisional wounds were made in wild-type and P311−/− C57 adult mice. Wound healing rate, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition were measured at days 3, 6 and 9 after skin injury. The biological phenotypes of fibroblasts, the expression of target proteins and relevant signaling pathways were examined both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

P311 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, enhance the ability of myofibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix and promote cell contraction, and then facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and eventually accelerate skin wound closure. Importantly, we discovered that P311 acts via up-regulating the expression of type II transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGF-βRII) in fibroblasts and promoting the activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad signaling pathway. Mechanistically, the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is closely implicated in the regulation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway in fibroblasts mediated by P311.

Conclusions

P311 plays a critical role in activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as granulation tissue formation in the process of skin wound repair.
The Oral Microbiome in Treatment-Naïve Paediatric IBD Patients Exhibits Dysbiosis Related to Disease Severity that Resolves Following Therapy
Authors: Elmaghrawy Khalid , Fleming Paddy , Fitzgerald Kirsten , Cooper Sarah , Dominik Anna , Hussey Séamus , Moran Gary P
Published: October 2022

Background

There is a limited literature describing the oral microbiome and its diagnostic potential in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].

Methods

We examined the dorsum tongue microbiome by V1–V2 sequencing in a cohort of 156 treatment-naïve children diagnosed with IBD compared to 102 healthy control children. Microbiome changes over time following treatment were examined in a subset of patients and associations between IBD diagnosis and dysbiosis were explored.

Results

Analysis of community structure of the microbiome in tongue samples revealed that IBD samples diverged significantly from healthy control samples [PERMANOVA p = 0.0009] and exhibited a reduced abundance of Clostridia in addition to several major oral genera [Veillonella, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species] with an increased abundance of streptococci. This dysbiosis was more marked in patients with severe disease. Higher levels of the potential pathobionts Klebsiella and Pseudomonas spp. were also associated with IBD. In terms of predicted functions, the IBD oral microbiome was potentially more acidogenic and exhibited reduced capacity for B vitamin biosynthesis. We used a machine learning approach to develop a predictive model of IBD which exhibited a mean-prediction AUC [area under the ROC curve] of 0.762. Finally, we examined a subset of 53 patients following 12 months of therapy and could show resolution of oral dysbiosis as demonstrated by a shift towards a healthy community structure and a significant reduction in oral dysbiosis.

Conclusion

Oral dysbiosis found in children with IBD is related to disease severity and resolves over time following successful IBD treatment.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a national study on the association between favourable neurological status and biomarkers of hypoperfusion, inflammation, and organ injury
Authors: Gregers Emilie , Mørk Sivagowry Rasalingam , Linde Louise , Andreasen Jo Bønding , Smerup Morten , Kjærgaard Jesper , Møller-Sørensen Peter Hasse , Holmvang Lene , Christensen Steffen , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Tang Mariann , Møller Jacob Eifer , Lassen Jens Flensted , Schmidt Henrik , Riber Lars Peter , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Thomassen Sisse , Laugesen Helle , Hassager Christian , Søholm Helle
Published: October 2022

Aims

In refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with prolonged whole-body ischaemia, global tissue injury proceeds even after establishment of circulation with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). We aimed to investigate the role of biomarkers reflecting hypoperfusion, inflammation, and organ injury in prognostication of patients with refractory OHCA managed with ECPR.

Methods and results

This nationwide retrospective study included 226 adults with refractory OHCA managed with ECPR in Denmark (2011–2020). Biomarkers the first days after ECPR-initiation were assessed. Odds ratio of favourable neurological status (Cerebral Performance Category 1–2) at hospital discharge was estimated by logistic regression analyses. Cut-off values were calculated using the Youden’s index. Fifty-six patients (25%) survived to hospital discharge, 51 (91%) with a favourable neurological status. Factors independently associated with favourable neurological status were low flow time <81 min, admission leukocytes ≥12.8 × 109/L, admission lactate <13.2 mmol/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) < 56 (day1) or <55 U/L (day2), and day 1 creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) < 500 ng/mL. Selected biomarkers (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, and lactate) were significantly better predictors of favourable neurological status than classic OHCA-variables (sex, age, low-flow time, witnessed arrest, shockable rhythm) alone (P = 0.001) after hospital admission.

Conclusion

Biomarkers of hypoperfusion (lactate), inflammation (leucocytes), and organ injury (ALP and CK-MB) were independently associated with neurological status at hospital discharge. Biomarkers of hypoperfusion and inflammation (at hospital admission) and organ injury (days 1 and 2 after ECPR) may aid in the clinical decision of when to prolong or terminate ECPR in cases of refractory OHCA.
Recurrent acute coronary syndrome caused by a primary aortic valve sarcoma: grand rounds and literature review
Authors: Parent Martine , Lachapelle Kevin , Issa-Chergui Badia , Alcindor Thierry , Genest Jacques , Mousavi Negareh
Published: October 2022

Background

Malignant tumours of the aortic valve apparatus are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. Their proximity to the coronary ostium may cause an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) either by infiltration or by embolization.

Case summary

We report a case of primary aortic valve undifferentiated sarcoma causing recurrent episodes of ACS, and we provide a literature review for primary cardiac valve tumours. This case also highlights the need for further evaluation of other causes of ACS in patients with minimal coronary artery disease risk factors and recurrent ACS.

Conclusions

The majority of valve tumours are fibroelastomas. Sarcomas are rare and lead to poor outcomes.