bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Parks Are Related to Functional and Phylogenetic Filtering of Raptor Assemblages in the Austral Pampas, Argentina
Authors: Leveau Lucas M.
Published: January 2024

Urban parks are hot spots of bird diversity in cities. However, their role as urban filters for raptor species has not been assessed yet. This study aimed to compare the functional and phylogenetic traits of raptor assemblages in urban parks with the regional species pool of raptors in east–central Argentina. Diurnal raptors were surveyed in 51 urban parks in six cities during breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The regional species pool was assessed through raptor surveys and published maps surrounding the cities. The observed functional and phylogenetic relatedness of urban raptors was compared with 999 simulated raptor assemblages from the regional species pool. A total of five species were recorded in urban parks. The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) was the numerically dominant species, comprising 95% of the 172 individuals recorded. The regional species pool was composed of 20 diurnal species. The functional and phylogenetic relatedness of urban raptors was higher than expected by chance, suggesting filtering induced by urban parks. Urban raptors were, in general, generalist species with small body sizes. Moreover, species tended to be part of the Falconidae family. Based on the results obtained here and in other published work, a model of raptor assembling in urban parks is proposed. The design of urban parks needs to be more heterogeneous, promoting the occurrence of specialist raptors.
Balancing Act: Acute and Contextual Vestibular Sensations of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation Using Survey and Sensor Outcomes in a Non-Clinical Sample
Authors: Sansevere Kayla S. , MacVicar Joel A. , Samuels Daniel R. , Yang Audrey K. , Johnson Sara K. , Brunyé Tad T. , Ward Nathan
Published: January 2024

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) delivers low-intensity electrical currents to the brain to treat anxiety, depression, and pain. Though CES is considered safe and cost-effective, little is known about side effects emerging across different contexts. Our objective was to investigate how varying physical and cognitive demands impact the frequency and intensity of CES vestibular sensations in a sample of healthy young adults. We used a 2 (stimulation: sham, active) × 2 (physical demand: static sway, dynamic sit-to-stand) × 2 (cognitive demand: single-task remain silent, dual-task count backward) repeated measures design. Vestibular sensations were measured with surveys and wearable sensors capturing balance changes. Active stimulation did not influence reported vestibular sensations. Instead, high physical demand predicted more sensation reports. High cognitive demand, but not active stimulation, predicted postural sway unsteadiness. Significant effects of active stimulation on balance were observed only during the dynamic sit-to-stand transitions. In summary, CES induces vestibular sensations only for a specific outcome under certain circumstances. Our findings imply that consumers can safely maximize the benefits of CES while ensuring they are taking steps to minimize any potential side effects by considering their context and circumstances.
Flavonoid Rutin Presented Anti-Glioblastoma Activity Related to the Modulation of Onco miRNA-125b Expression and STAT3 Signaling and Impact on Microglia Inflammatory Profile
Authors: Lima Irlã Santos , Soares Érica Novaes , Nonaka Carolina Kymie Vasques , Souza Bruno Solano de Freitas , dos Santos Balbino Lino , Costa Silvia Lima
Published: January 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor. In the GBM microenvironment, interaction with microglia is associated with the dysregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and miRNAs, contributing to angiogenesis, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The flavonoid rutin can inhibit glioma cell growth associated with microglial activation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators by mechanisms that are still poorly understood. The present study investigated the effect of rutin on viability, regulation of miRNA-125b, and the STAT3 expression in GBM cells, as well as the effects on the modulation of the inflammatory profile and STAT3 expression in microglia during indirect interaction with GBM cells. Human GL15-GBM cells and human C20 microglia were treated or not with rutin for 24 h. Rutin (30–50 μM) significantly reduced the viability of GL15 cells; however, it did not affect the viability of microglia. Rutin (30 μM) significantly reduced the expression of miRNA-125b in the cells and secretome and STAT3 expression. Microglia submitted to the conditioned medium from GBM cells treated with rutin showed reactive morphology associated with reduced expression of IL-6, TNF, and STAT3. These results reiterate the anti-glioma effects of the flavonoid, which may also modulate microglia towards a more responsive anti-tumor phenotype, constituting a promising molecule for adjuvant therapy to GBM.
Skin-to-Skin Care and Spontaneous Touch by Fathers in Full-Term Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cordolcini Laura , Castagna Annalisa , Mascheroni Eleonora , Montirosso Rosario
Published: January 2024

A series of studies have shown that mothers’ early tactile behaviors have positive effects, both on full-term and preterm infants, and on mothers alike. Regarding fathers, research has focused mostly on paternal skin-to-skin care with preterm infants and has overlooked the tactile behavior effects with full-term newborns on infants’ outcomes and on fathers themselves. The current systematic review considered the evidence regarding paternal tactile behaviors with full-term infants, including skin-to-skin care (SSC) and spontaneous touch (ST), during parent–infant interactions, and differentiated biophysiological, behavioral and psychological variables both in fathers and in infants. We also compared fathers’ and mothers’ tactile behaviors for potential differences. The few available studies suggest that paternal touch—SSC and ST—can have positive effects on fathers and infants alike. They also show that, despite some intrinsic differences, paternal touch is as pleasant as maternal touch. However, given the paucity of studies on the topic, we discuss why this field of research should be further explored.
Exploring Factors Associated with Physical Activity in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Miljanovic Damjanovic Vesna , Obradovic Salcin Lejla , Ostojic Daria , Ostojic Ljerka , Gilic Barbara , Geets Kesic Marijana , Uzicanin Edin , Sekulic Damir
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively influenced individuals’ physical activity levels (PALs) and particularly the PAL of the elderly. However, few studies have examined the correlates of PALs in this population during the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the residence-specific correlates of PALs in elderly people from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 211 persons older than 65 years (101 females), of whom 111 were community-dwelling residents, and 110 were nursing home residents (71.11 ± 3.11 and 72.22 ± 4.01 years of age, respectively; t-test = 0.91, p < 0.05). The variables included health status, residential status sociodemographic factors, anthropometrics (body mass, height, and body mass index), and PAL. PAL was evaluated using a translated version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and was validated in this study. PASE showed good test–retest reliability (51% of the common variance) and validity (57% of the common variance, with the step count measured using pedometers). Apart from participants’ health status and age, PAL was positively correlated with (i) community-dwelling residence (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.60–2.23), and (ii) a lower BMI (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.71–0.98). The pre-pandemic physical activity was positively correlated with the PAL of the nursing home residents (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.02–1.45). A higher education level was positively correlated with the PAL of community-dwelling residents (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.66). This study evidenced the residence-specific correlates of PALs, and enabled the identification of specific groups that are at risk of having low PALs during the pandemic. Future studies examining this problem during a non-pandemic period are warranted.
COVID-19 Personal Protective Behaviors during Large Social Events: The Value of Behavioral Observations
Authors: Gould Ashley , Lewis Lesley , Evans Lowri , Greening Leanne , Howe-Davies Holly , West Jonathan , Roberts Chris , Parkinson John A.
Published: January 2024

Within the context of reopening society in the summer of 2021, as the UK moved away from ‘lockdowns’, the Government of Wales piloted the return of organized ‘mass gatherings’ of people at a number of test events. The current study reports behavioral observations that were made at two of the test events to inform this process. The researchers were particularly interested in four key factors: how (1) context within a venue, (2) environmental design, (3) staffing and social norms, and (4) time across an event, affected the personal protective behaviors of social distancing and face-covering use. Data collection was undertaken by trained observers. Adherence to protective behaviors was generally high, but there is clear evidence that these behaviors were shaped in a systematic way by the environment, situational cues, and the passage of time during the events. Some instances of large-scale non-adherence to personal protective behaviors were documented. An analysis within a dual-process framework suggests ways to understand and respond to supporting target health behaviors in groups of people where intervention is deemed valuable, such as in complex or ambiguous contexts. This is one of the first studies to include a ‘true’ behavioral measure in understanding human responses to COVID-19. It demonstrates that behavioral observations can add precision and granularity to understanding human behavior in complex real-world contexts. Given the significant physical and mental health burden created acutely and chronically by COVID-19, this work has implications for how governments and organizations support target populations in other complex challenges facing us today, such as in sustainability, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. An individual’s intentions are not always matched by their actions, and so the findings support a balanced liberal paternalistic approach where system-level changes support appropriate individual-level decisions to engender collective responsibility and action.
Motivation to Avoid Uncertainty, Implicit Person Theories about the Malleability of Human Attributes and Attitudes toward Women as Leaders vs. Followers: A Mediational Analysis
Authors: Contu Federico , Albarello Flavia , Pierro Antonio
Published: January 2024

This research investigated the relation between motivation to avoid uncertainty, as reflected in the need for cognitive closure, implicit theories about the malleability of human attributes, and attitudes toward women as leaders vs. followers. In a cross-sectional study (N = 470) conducted in Italy, we hypothesized and found that the need for cognitive closure directly enhanced the belief that women are compatible with followership roles rather than leadership roles. Furthermore, the results from a mediational analysis revealed that the relation between the need for cognitive closure and the belief that women are compatible with followership roles rather than leadership was mediated by implicit person theories (i.e., the conviction that people features are malleable vs. unchangeable). Notably, we obtained these results while controlling for participants’ gender, educational level, and age. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collaborative Optimized Design of Glazing Parameters and PCM Utilization for Energy-Efficient Glass Curtain Wall Buildings
Authors: Zheng Xinrui , Liang Yan , Yang Haibin , Zeng Yingyan , Cui Hongzhi
Published: January 2024

Glass curtain walls (GCWs) have become prevalent in office buildings, owing to their lightweight and modular characteristics. However, their lower thermal resistance, compared to opaque walls, results in increased energy consumption. Incorporating phase-change materials (PCMs) provides a viable solution through which to address the susceptibility of GCWs to external conditions, thus enhancing thermal performance and mitigating energy concerns. This study delves into the influences of the glazing solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), the glazing heat transfer coefficient (U-value), and PCM thickness on the energy performance of buildings. Using Design Builder (DB) software version 6.1.0.006, a multi-story office building was simulated in different climatic zones in China, covering the climatic characteristics of severe cold, cold, hot summer and warm winter, cold summer and winter, and mild regions. The simulation results quantitatively elucidated the effects of the glazing parameters and the number of PCMs on thermal regulation and energy consumption. A sensitivity analysis identified the glazing SHGC as the most influential factor in energy consumption. Additionally, by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the researchers aimed to achieve a balance between minimal building energy consumption and economic cost, ultimately determining an optimal design solution. The results demonstrated significant energy savings, ranging from 20.16% to 81.18%, accompanied by economic savings, ranging from 15.78% to 79.54%, across distinct climate zones in China.
Prognosis of Stage I Endometrial Cancer According to the FIGO 2023 Classification Taking into Account Molecular Changes
Authors: Dobrzycka Bozena , Terlikowska Katarzyna Maria , Kowalczuk Oksana , Niklinski Jacek , Kinalski Maciej , Terlikowski Sławomir Jerzy
Published: January 2024

Optimum risk stratification in an early stage of endometrial cancer (EC) combines molecular and clinicopathological features. The purpose of the study was to determine the prognostic value of molecular classification and traditional pathological factors in a sample group of patients with stage I EC according to the FIGO 2023 criteria, to achieve a more personalized approach to patient care and treatment. The immunohistochemistry for p53 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, and DNA sequencing for POLE exonuclease domain and clinicopathological parameters, including disease disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 139 patients, were analyzed. It has been shown that the independent recurrence risk factors are stage IC (p < 0.001), aggressive histological types EC (p < 0.001), and the presence of p53abn protein immunoexpression (p = 0.009). Stage IC (p = 0.018), aggressive histological types EC (p = 0.025) and the presence of p53abn protein immunoexpression (p = 0.010) were all significantly associated with lower 5-year OS rates. Our research studies confirm that the molecular category corresponds to a different prognosis in clinical stage I EC according to the new 2023 FIGO classification, with POLEmut cases presenting the best outcomes and p53abn cases showing the worst outcomes. Beyond the previous routine clinicopathological assessment, the new EC staging system represents an important step toward improving our ability to stratify IC stage EC risk.
Urinary Microbiome Dysbiosis and Immune Dysregulations as Potential Diagnostic Indicators of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Uzelac Matthew , Xin Ruomin , Chen Tianyi , John Daniel , Li Wei Tse , Rajasekaran Mahadevan , Ongkeko Weg M.
Published: January 2024

There are a total of 82,290 new cases and 16,710 deaths estimated for bladder cancer in the United States in 2023. Currently, urine cytology tests are widely used for bladder cancer diagnosis, though they suffer from variable sensitivity, ranging from 45 to 97%. More recently, the microbiome has become increasingly recognized for its role in human diseases, including cancers. This study attempts to characterize urinary microbiome bladder cancer-specific dysbiosis to explore its diagnostic potential. RNA-sequencing data of urine samples from patients with bladder cancer (n = 18) and matched controls (n = 12) were mapped to bacterial sequences to yield species-level abundance approximations. Urine samples were analyzed at both the population and species level to reveal dysbiosis associated with bladder cancer. A panel of 35 differentially abundant species was discovered, which may be useful as urinary biomarkers for this disease. We further assessed whether these species were of similar significance in a validation dataset (n = 81), revealing that the genera Escherichia, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter were consistently differentially abundant. We discovered distinct patterns of microbial-associated immune modulation in these samples. Several immune pathways were found to be significantly enriched with respect to the abundance of these species, including antigen processing and presentation, cytosolic DNA sensing, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Differential cytokine activity was similarly observed, suggesting the urinary microbiome’s correlation to immune modulation. The adherens junction and WNT signaling pathways, both implicated in the development and progression of bladder cancer, were also enriched with these species. Our findings indicate that the urinary microbiome may reflect both microbial and immune dysregulations of the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer. Given the potential biomarker species identified, the urinary microbiome may provide a non-invasive, more sensitive, and more specific diagnostic tool, allowing for the earlier diagnosis of patients with bladder cancer.
Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: What Are the Important Findings on the Initial and Follow-Up MRI?
Authors: Choi Woo Suk , Lee Seul Ki , Kim Jee-Young , Kim Yuri
Published: January 2024

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) is a rare soft tissue tumor that involves the synovial lining of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths, primarily affecting young patients (usually in the fourth decade of life). The tumor comprises two subtypes: the localized type (L-TSGCT) and the diffuse type (D-TSGCT). Although these subtypes share histological and genetic similarities, they present a different prognosis. D-TSGCT tends to exhibit local aggressiveness and a higher recurrence rate compared to L-TSGCT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic tool for both the initial diagnosis and for treatment planning. When interpreting the initial MRI of a suspected TSGCT, it is essential to consider: (i) the characteristic findings of TSGCT—evident as low to intermediate signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images, with a blooming artifact on gradient-echo sequences due to hemosiderin deposition; (ii) the possibility of D-TSGCT—extensive involvement of the synovial membrane with infiltrative margin; and (iii) the resectability and extent—if resectable, synovectomy is performed; if not, a novel systemic therapy involving colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitors is administered. In the interpretation of follow-up MRIs of D-TSGCTs after treatment, it is crucial to consider both tumor recurrence and potential complications such as osteoarthritis after surgery as well as the treatment response after systemic treatment. Given its prevalence in young adult patents and significant impact on patients’ quality of life, clinical trials exploring new agents targeting D-TSGCT are currently underway. Consequently, understanding the characteristic MRI findings of D-TSGCT before and after treatment is imperative.
Enhancing Catalytic Efficiency in Long-Chain Linear α-Olefin Epoxidation: A Study of CaSnO3-Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Min , Xiang Hongwei , Wen Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

This investigation explores the synthesis of advanced catalysts for epoxidizing long-chain linear α-olefins, a pivotal process in the chemical industry for generating critical intermediates. Employing a hydrothermal technique, we developed four distinct catalysts (CS-1–4), methodically modulating the Ca/Sn ratio to elucidate its impact on the catalysts’ physicochemical properties. Our research uncovered that an escalated Ca/Sn ratio induces a morphological shift from octagonal to cubic structures, concomitant with a diminution in particle size and an enhancement in specific surface area. Significantly, the CS-3 catalyst outperformed others in 1-octene epoxidation, an efficacy attributed to its augmented surface alkalinity and proliferation of medium-strength alkaline sites, likely emanating from increased surface oxygen defects. Subsequent hydrogen reduction of CS-3 further amplified these oxygen defects, yielding a 10% uptick in catalytic activity. This correlation underscores the potential of oxygen defect manipulation in optimizing catalytic efficiency. Our findings contribute a novel perspective to the development of robust, high-performance catalysts for α-olefin epoxidation, seamlessly aligning with the principles of sustainable chemistry.
Correction: Hasan et al. Synthesizing and Characterizing a Mesoporous Silica Adsorbent for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture in a Fixed-Bed System. Catalysts 2023, 13, 1267
Authors: Hasan Hind F. , Al-Sudani Farah T. , Albayati Talib M. , Salih Issam K. , Harharah Hamed N. , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Saady Noori M. Cata , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Amari Abdelfattah
Published: January 2024

In the original publication [...]
Preparation of Mesoporous Zeolites and Their Applications in Catalytic Elimination of Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Miao Chuchen , Wang Lanyi , Zhou Shengran , Yu Di , Zhang Chunlei , Gao Siyu , Yu Xuehua , Zhao Zhen
Published: January 2024

With increasing environmental awareness, the issue of atmospheric pollution has gained significant attention. Specifically, three types of atmospheric pollutants, namely, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide, have become the focus of widespread concern. In addressing these pollutants, mesoporous zeolites have emerged as promising materials due to their large specific surface area, which enables effective dispersion of active sites, and their large pore volume, which facilitates efficient diffusion. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation methods of mesoporous zeolites and their applications in removing nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. It also highlights the challenges and limitations faced by the application of mesoporous zeolites in pollutant removal and emphasizes their potential as efficient catalysts.
Effect of the Heterovalent Sc3+ and Nb5+ Doping on Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Anatase TiO2
Authors: Siliavka Elena S. , Rudakova Aida V. , Bakiev Tair V. , Murashkina Anna A. , Murzin Petr D. , Kataeva Galina V. , Emeline Alexei V. , Bahnemann Detlef W.
Published: January 2024

In this study, we explored the effect of either Nb or Sc doping at a concentration range of 0.0–1.0 at.% on the physical–chemical and photoelectrochemical behavior of TiO2 anatase electrodes. This behavior was characterized by work function, flat band potential, donor density, spectral dependence of photocurrent and stationary photocurrent measurements. All experimental results are interpreted in terms of the formation of the shallow delocalized polaron states in the case of Nb doping and deep acceptor states induced by Sc doping on TiO2 anatase.
Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors and β-Arrestin-1 in suPAR Signal Transduction in Mouse Podocytes: Interactions with αVβ3-Integrin
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Dryer Stuart E.
Published: January 2024

The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions including primary nephrotic syndromes and acute kidney injuries. suPAR can trigger transduction cascades in podocytes by outside-in activation of αVβ3-integrin, but there is evidence that the functional cell surface response element is actually a complex of different types of receptors, which may also include the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Here we observed that ROS accumulation and Src activation could be evoked by continuous 24 h exposure to either suPAR or the FPR agonist fMLF. Responses to suPAR and fMLF were completely blocked by either the FPR antagonist WRW4 or by the αV-integrin inhibitor cilengitide. Moreover, endogenous podocyte mouse Fpr1 co-immunoprecipitates with β3-integrin, suggesting that these receptors occur as a complex on the cell surface. suPAR- and fMLF-evoked activation of Src and ROS differed in time course. Thus, robust pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive responses were evoked by 60 min exposures to fMLF but not to suPAR. By contrast, responses to 24 h exposures to either suPAR or fMLF were PTX-resistant and were instead abolished by knockdown of β-arrestin-1 (BAR1). FPRs, integrins, and RAGE (along with various Toll-like receptors) can all function as pattern-recognition receptors that respond to “danger signals” associated with infections and tissue injury. The fact that podocytes express such a wide array of pattern-recognition receptors suggests that the glomerular filter is designed to change its function under certain conditions, possibly to facilitate clearance of toxic macromolecules.
Towards Understanding the Development of Breast Cancer: The Role of RhoJ in the Obesity Microenvironment
Authors: Bou Malhab Lara J. , Nair Vidhya A. , Qaisar Rizwan , Pintus Gianfranco , Abdel-Rahman Wael M.
Published: January 2024

Obesity is a growing pandemic with an increasing risk of inducing different cancer types, including breast cancer. Adipose tissue is proposed to be a major player in the initiation and progression of breast cancer in obese people. However, the mechanistic link between adipogenicity and tumorigenicity in breast tissues is poorly understood. We used in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the mechanistic relationship between obesity and the onset and progression of breast cancer. In obesity, adipose tissue expansion and remodeling are associated with increased inflammatory mediator’s release and anti-inflammatory mediators’ reduction.. In order to mimic the obesity micro-environment, we cultured cells in an enriched pro-inflammatory cytokine medium to which we added a low concentration of beneficial adipokines. Epithelial cells exposed to the obesity micro-environment were phenotypically transformed into mesenchymal-like cells, characterized by an increase in different mesenchymal markers and the acquisition of the major hallmarks of cancerous cells; these include sustained DNA damage, the activation of the ATR-Chk2 pathway, an increase in proliferation rate, cell invasion, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several genes, including RhoJ, CCL7, and MMP9, acted as potential major players in the observed phenomenon. The transcriptomics findings were confirmed in vitro using qRT-PCR and in vivo using high-fat-diet-fed mice. Our data suggests RhoJ as a potential novel molecular driver of tumor development in breast tissues and a mediator of cell resistance to conventional chemotherapy through PAK1 activation. These data propose that RhoJ is a potential target for therapeutic interventions in obese breast cancer patients.
Analysis of the Mouse Hepatic Peroxisome Proteome—Identification of Novel Protein Constituents Using a Semi-Quantitative SWATH-MS Approach
Authors: Singin Öznur , Astapenka Artur , Costina Victor , Kühl Sandra , Bonekamp Nina , Drews Oliver , Islinger Markus
Published: January 2024

Ongoing technical and bioinformatics improvements in mass spectrometry (MS) allow for the identifying and quantifying of the enrichment of increasingly less-abundant proteins in individual fractions. Accordingly, this study reassessed the proteome of mouse liver peroxisomes by the parallel isolation of peroxisomes from a mitochondria- and a microsome-enriched prefraction, combining density-gradient centrifugation with a semi-quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics approach to unveil novel peroxisomal or peroxisome-associated proteins. In total, 1071 proteins were identified using MS and assessed in terms of their distribution in either high-density peroxisomal or low-density gradient fractions, containing the bulk of organelle material. Combining the data from both fractionation approaches allowed for the identification of specific protein profiles characteristic of mitochondria, the ER and peroxisomes. Among the proteins significantly enriched in the peroxisomal cluster were several novel peroxisomal candidates. Five of those were validated by colocalization in peroxisomes, using confocal microscopy. The peroxisomal import of HTATIP2 and PAFAH2, which contain a peroxisome-targeting sequence 1 (PTS1), could be confirmed by overexpression in HepG2 cells. The candidates SAR1B and PDCD6, which are known ER-exit-site proteins, did not directly colocalize with peroxisomes, but resided at ER sites, which frequently surrounded peroxisomes. Hence, both proteins might concentrate at presumably co-purified peroxisome-ER membrane contacts. Intriguingly, the fifth candidate, OCIA domain-containing protein 1, was previously described as decreasing mitochondrial network formation. In this work, we confirmed its peroxisomal localization and further observed a reduction in peroxisome numbers in response to OCIAD1 overexpression. Hence, OCIAD1 appears to be a novel protein, which has an impact on both mitochondrial and peroxisomal maintenance.
ALS’ Perfect Storm: C9orf72-Associated Toxic Dipeptide Repeats as Potential Multipotent Disruptors of Protein Homeostasis
Authors: Smeele Paulien H. , Cesare Giuliana , Vaccari Thomas
Published: January 2024

Protein homeostasis is essential for neuron longevity, requiring a balanced regulation between protein synthesis and degradation. The clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins, mediated by autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome systems, maintains protein homeostasis in neurons, which are post-mitotic and thus cannot use cell division to diminish the burden of misfolded proteins. When protein clearance pathways are overwhelmed or otherwise disrupted, the accumulation of misfolded or aggregated proteins can lead to the activation of ER stress and the formation of stress granules, which predominantly attempt to restore the homeostasis by suppressing global protein translation. Alterations in these processes have been widely reported among studies investigating the toxic function of dipeptide repeats (DPRs) produced by G4C2 expansion in the C9orf72 gene of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this review, we outline the modalities of DPR-induced disruptions in protein homeostasis observed in a wide range of models of C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD. We also discuss the relative importance of each DPR for toxicity, possible synergies between DPRs, and discuss the possible functional relevance of DPR aggregation to disease pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the interdependencies of the observed effects and reflect on the importance of feedback and feedforward mechanisms in their contribution to disease progression. A better understanding of DPR-associated disease pathogenesis discussed in this review might shed light on disease vulnerabilities that may be amenable with therapeutic interventions.
A Model for Effective Learning in Competition: A Pedagogical Tool to Enhance Enjoyment and Perceptions of Competency in Physical Education Lessons for Young Children
Authors: Castle Neil , Howells Kristy
Published: January 2024

To date, little research on competition has focused on young children (6–7-year-olds). A total of ninety-seven participants (51 boys and 46 girls) from two English primary schools completed two physical education (PE) lessons, which included three different activity challenges. The control group undertook the same activities in both lessons. The experimental group did likewise but were set high-, low-, or mid-level targets in lesson two based on individual scores from lesson one. The children completed a post-session questionnaire to assess (i) enjoyment levels and (ii) which activity they perceived they performed best in. The results found that children both improved and enjoyed the lesson most when low- or mid-level targets were set. Indeed, when targets were absent (in the control group), children’s competency scores regressed. Likewise, children perceived that they performed best in the activity where lower targets were set. Their perceived competency included both tangible and intangible reasons. From these results, it is recommended that for practitioners working with 6–7-year-old children, the most effective learning in competition uses individualised and competitive targets and challenges as a means to garner greater enjoyment in PE. Understanding each child’s self-efficacy and motivation is key, which requires ongoing evaluation and assessment during PE lessons.
Robotic-Assisted Nissen Fundoplication in Pediatric Patients: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Killaars Rianne E. M. , Mollema Omar , Cakir Hamit , Visschers Ruben G. J. , van Gemert Wim G.
Published: January 2024

Background: Nissen Fundoplication (NF) is a frequently performed procedure in children. Robotic-assisted Nissen Fundoplication (RNF), with the utilization of the Senhance® Surgical System (SSS®) (Asensus Surgical® Inc., Durham, NC, USA) featuring 3 mm instruments, aims to improve precision and safety in pediatric surgery. This matched cohort study assesses the safety and feasibility of RNF in children using the SSS®, comparing it with Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (LNF). Methods and Results: Twenty children underwent RNF with the SSS® between 2020 to 2023 and were 1:1 matched with twenty LNF cases retrospectively selected from 2014 to 2023. Both groups were similar regarding male/female ratio, age, and weight. Two of the twenty RNF cases (10%) experienced intraoperative complications, whereas three in the LNF group of whom two required reinterventions. The observed percentage of postoperative complications was 5% in the RNF group compared to 15% in the LNF group (p = 0.625). The operative times in the RNF group significantly dropped towards the second study period (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Utilizing SSS® for NF procedures in children is safe and feasible. Observational results may tentatively suggest that growing experiences and continued development will lead to better outcomes based on more accurate and safe surgery for children.
The Factorial Structure, Psychometric Properties and Sensitivity to Change of the Distress Tolerance Scale for Children with Emotional Disorders
Authors: Caiado Brígida , Santos Diana , Pereira Bárbara , Góis Ana Carolina , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Moreira Helena
Published: January 2024

Background. The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) was adapted for American and Chinese youth, but never for European youth. Moreover, the factor structures found in these previous studies were not consistent. Methods. The DTS was adapted for Portuguese children and then validated among 153 children aged 6–13 years with emotional disorders. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted; the DTS reliability and validity were analyzed, and sex and age differences were explored. A sub-sample of children who received a transdiagnostic CBT (Unified Protocol for Children) was used to analyze the DTS’s sensitivity to therapeutic change. Results. The five tested models (based on previous studies) exhibited adequate fit in the CFA. However, the model previously reported for use in American children with emotional disorders was selected as the most appropriate. The DTS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, and its validity was established through significant negative associations with measures of anxiety, depression and negative affect, as well as positive associations with positive affect. Age and sex differences were discussed. The DTS scores significantly increased from pre- to post-treatment, demonstrating sensitivity to therapeutic change. Conclusions. The DTS is a suitable and useful measure for assessing children’s distress tolerance and to assess the efficacy of CBT.
Case Report of a Unique Intra-Operative Finding in a Pediatric Distal Radius Non-Union: Does This Shed Light on Other Non-Unions or Malunions in Children?
Authors: Negru Marius , Lazarescu Adrian Emil , Stanciulescu Corina Maria , Catan Liliana , Popoiu Calin Marius , Boia Eugen Sorin
Published: January 2024

Non-unions are quite rare in closed fractures in children. Most distal radius fractures require orthopedic reduction and conservative treatment with very good radiological and clinical/functional results. In case of unsatisfactory reduction, surgical treatment is necessary to correct significant displacement. Surgical treatment consists of closed reduction and percutaneous fixation using K-wires. If closed reduction is not possible, open reduction and fixation is mandatory. Generally, fixation is obtained using K-wires, in most cases, even if open reduction is necessary, rarely locking plates, especially in adolescents. The present paper presents a case of non-union that eventually required open reduction and plating. During surgery, however, it became evident that the cause for non-union was the traumatic transposition of the long extensor radialis tendon, through the fracture site to the volar side of the distal forearm. The movement of the carpus translated to constant mobility in the fracture site, leading to non-union and a continuous tendency towards anterior angulation of the distal fragment. The tendon was reduced to its anatomical position, the fracture was reduced, and fixed using a locking plate, and union was achieved with no complications. Traumatic transpositions of tendons should be considered in pediatric non-unions, and restoring anatomy is essential.
Eco-Sustainable Approaches to Prevent and/or Eradicate Fungal Biodeterioration on Easel Painting
Authors: Sala-Luis Agustí , Oliveira-Urquiri Haizea , Bosch-Roig Pilar , Martín-Rey Susana
Published: January 2024

Eliminating and controlling fungal biodeterioration is one of the most important challenges of easel painting conservation. Historically, the pathologies produced by biodeterioration agents had been treated with non-specific products or with biocides specially designed for conservation but risky for human health or the environment due to their toxicity. In recent years, the number of research that studied more respectful solutions for the disinfection of paintings has increased, contributing to society’s efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, an overview of the biodeterioration issues of the easel paintings is presented, critically analyzing chemical and eco-sustainable approaches to prevent or eradicate biodeterioration. Concretely, Essential Oils and light radiations are studied in comparison with the most used chemical biocides in the field, including acids, alcohols, and quaternary ammonium salts. This review describes those strategies’ biocidal mechanisms, efficiency, and reported applications in vitro assays on plates, mockups, and real scale. Benefits and drawbacks are evaluated, including workability, easel painting material alterations, health risks, and environmental sustainability. This review shows innovative and eco-friendly methods from an easel painting conservation perspective, detecting its challenges and opportunities to develop biocontrol strategies to substitute traditional chemical products.
The Influence of the Q-SUN and UV-B Irradiation on the Antiviral Properties of the PP Films Covered with the Coatings Based on ZnO Nanoparticles and TiO2
Authors: Mizielińska Małgorzata , Bartkowiak Artur
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research was to analyze the antiviral activity of coatings based on ZnO nanoparticles and TiO2. The goal was also to investigate the influence of accelerated UV-B and Q-SUN irradiation on their effectiveness. The results of the performed analysis demonstrated that only one of four coatings containing nanoparticles demonstrated high antiviral activity. Q-SUN irradiation had a positive influence on the antiviral properties of the other three coatings. After 24 h of accelerated irradiation, these coatings demonstrated moderate antiviral effectiveness, confirming that Q-SUN irradiation improved the properties of the active layers (by activating ZnO nanoparticles and TiO2). Unfortunately, after 48 h of irradiation, the activity of the coatings decreased, confirming that the irradiation time should not be too long. Comparing the influence of the UV-B irradiation on the coating activity to the Q-SUN irradiation, it has to be mentioned that UV-B irradiation (24 h) also improved the antiviral properties of the three coatings, which were not active before irradiation. However, it decreased the activity of the coating that was active before UV aging. Unfortunately, none of those analyzed coatings were active after 48 h of UV-B irradiation, confirming that the irradiation time should be shorter.
Chemical Compositions and Essential Fatty Acid Analysis of Selected Vegetable Oils and Fats
Authors: Ojha Pawan Kumar , Poudel Darbin Kumar , Rokaya Anil , Maharjan Salina , Timsina Sunita , Poudel Ambika , Satyal Rakesh , Satyal Prabodh , Setzer William N.
Published: January 2024

The fatty acid (FA) compositions of thirty-nine vegetable oils and fats, including nangai nut, pili nut, shea butter, tamanu oil, baobab, sea buckthorn berry, Brazil nut, grape seed, black seed, evening primrose, passion fruit, milk thistle, sunflower, pumpkin seed, sesame, soybean, flax seed, kukui, red raspberry seed, walnut, chia seed, hemp seed, rosehip, almond, avocado, carrot seed, moringa, apricot kernel, camellia seed, macadamia, olive, marula, argan, castor, jojoba, pomegranate seed, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) coconut, roasted coconut, canola, and mustard oil, were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Vegetable oils and fats have different profiles in terms of their fatty acid composition, and their major constituents vary significantly. However, we categorized them into different classes based on the percentages of different fatty acids they contain. The saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, are the main categories. Among them, roasted coconut oil contained the greatest amount of saturated fatty acids followed by nangai nut (45.61%). Passion fruit oil contained the largest amount of linoleic acid (66.23%), while chia seed oil had the highest content of linolenic acid (58.25%). Oleic acid was exclusively present in camellia seed oil, constituting 78.57% of its composition. Notably, mustard oil had a significant presence of erucic acid (54.32%), while pomegranate seed oil exclusively contained punicic acid (74.77%). Jojoba oil primarily consisted of (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid (29.55%) and (Z)-docos-13-en-1-ol (27.96%). The major constituent in castor oil was ricinoleic acid (89.89%). Compared with other vegetable oils and fats, pili nut oil contained a significant amount of (E)-FA (20.62%), followed by sea buckthorn berry oil with a content of 9.60%. FA compositions from sources may be problematic in the human diet due to no labeling or the absence of essential components. Therefore, consumers must cast an eye over some essential components consumed in their dietary intake.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Varied Cross-Sectional Areas in Sleep Apnea Individuals across Diverse Situations
Authors: Faizal W. M. , Khor C. Y. , Shahrin Suhaimi , Hazwan M. H. M. , Ahmad M. , Misbah M. N. , Haidiezul A. H. M.
Published: January 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition that impacts a significant portion of the population. To better understand this condition, research has been conducted on inhaling and exhaling breathing airflow parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach and an SST turbulence model have been utilized to simulate the upper airway airflow. A 3D airway model has been created using advanced software such as the Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) and ANSYS. The aim of the research was to fill this gap by conducting a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to investigate the influence of cross-sectional areas on airflow characteristics during inhale and exhale breathing in OSA patients. The lack of detailed understanding of how the cross-sectional area of the airways affects OSA patients and the airflow dynamics in the upper airway is the primary problem addressed by this research. The simulations revealed that the cross-sectional area of the airway has a notable impact on velocity, Reynolds number, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). TKE, which measures turbulence flow in different breathing scenarios among patients, could potentially be utilized to assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This research found a vital correlation between maximum pharyngeal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and cross-sectional areas in OSA patients, with a variance of 29.47%. Reduced cross-sectional area may result in a significant TKE rise of roughly 10.28% during inspiration and 10.18% during expiration.
Advances in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Rosacea: A Phenotype-Based Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Galluccio Giulia , D’Onghia Martina , Malvaso Dalma , Lazzeri Laura , Cinotti Elisa , Rubegni Giovanni , Rubegni Pietro , Calabrese Laura
Published: January 2024

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that mainly affects the central face. It is primarily characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing, persistent erythema, inflammatory papules, telangiectasias, phymatous changes, and ocular symptoms. Its pathogenesis is complex and still not completely understood. It encompasses innate and adaptive immune system dysregulation, neurovascular dysfunction, and genetic and environmental factors. To date, four subtypes of rosacea have been identified, based on the predominant clinical features: erythemato-teleangiectatic, papulopustular, pyhomatous, and ocular rosacea. New insights into this condition have led to several pharmacological treatments, including topical medications, spanning from the conventional azelaic acid, metronidazole, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, and erythromycin to new ones including not only brimonidine, oxymetazoline, ivermectine, and minocycline but also systemic drugs such as oral antibiotics, isotretinoin, non-selective β-blockers or α2-adrenergic agonists, and laser- or light-based therapies, together with new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to review the current literature on the pathophysiology of rosacea and to provide an overview of therapeutic approaches that specifically address each clinical subtype.