bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for 934 basal cell carcinomas: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Yuki Akihiko , Takatsuka Sumiko , Abe Riichiro , Takenouchi Tatsuya
Published: October 2022

Although the efficacy of dermoscopic diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has already been established, most studies have been conducted in Western countries. However, there are racial differences in the clinicopathological characteristics of BCC, highlighting the need for a survey among Asians. Herein, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy in 934 Japanese patients with BCC and statistically analyze the clinicopathological factors affecting diagnostic accuracy. We analyzed 5093 skin lesions, including 934 BCCs that were diagnosed consecutively from 1998 to 2018. The sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopic diagnosis for BCC were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopic diagnosis were 92.2% and 96.0%, respectively. There were 73 false‐negative cases of BCCs that were clinically diagnosed with other diseases. The most common incorrect clinical diagnosis was seborrheic keratosis (n = 18), followed by melanocytic nevus (n = 15). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sensitivity was significantly lower in BCCs located on the trunk and extremities, which showed low pigmentation (less than 10% of the lesion surface) and were diagnosed by a resident dermatologist. Experience of 3–6 months of 12 resident dermatologists revealed increased sensitivity. Dermoscopy is a reliable tool for the accurate diagnosis of BCC in Japanese individuals. Care should be taken when diagnosing BCCs of the trunk and extremities, and the less‐pigmented subtype because of lower sensitivity. A certain amount of experience is required to improve the skills for dermoscopy.
Viscoacoustic least‐squares reverse‐time migration of different‐order free‐surface multiples
Authors: Li Jinli , Qu Yingming , Li Mengjie , Li Zhenchun
Published: October 2022

Multiples have longer propagation paths and smaller reflection angles than primaries for the same source–receiver combination, so they cover a larger illumination area. Therefore, multiples can be used to image shadow zones of primaries. Least‐squares reverse‐time migration of multiples can produce high‐quality images with fewer artefacts, high resolution and balanced amplitudes. However, viscoelasticity exists widely in the earth, especially in the deep‐sea environment, and the influence of Q attenuation on multiples is much more serious than primaries due to multiples have longer paths. To compensate for Q attenuation of multiples, Q‐compensated least‐squares reverse‐time migration of different‐order multiples is proposed by deriving viscoacoustic Born modelling operators, adjoint operators and demigration operators for different‐order multiples. Based on inversion theory, this method compensates for Q attenuation along all the propagation paths of multiples. Examples of a simple four‐layer model, a modified attenuating Sigsbee2B model and a field data set suggest that the proposed method can produce better imaging results than Q‐compensated least‐squares reverse‐time migration of primaries and regular least‐squares reverse‐time migration of multiples.
An integrative insight into the synsacral canal of fossil and extant Antarctic penguins
Authors: JADWISZCZAK Piotr , SVENSSON‐MARCIAL Anders , MÖRS Thomas
Published: October 2022

The lumbosacral‐canal system in birds most likely operates as a sense organ involved in the control of balanced walking and perching, but our knowledge of it is superficial. Penguins constitute interesting objects for the study of this system due to their upright walking, but only the Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, and some incomplete fossil penguin synsacra have been studied in this respect. Here, we give an integrative comparative insight into the synsacral canal of extant Emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, Adelie penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, and Eocene giant Anthropornis and/or Palaeeudyptes Antarctic penguins, using computed tomography imaging and associated data‐extraction methodologies, complemented by analytical approaches ranging from geometric morphometrics to modularity, curvature, and wavelet analyses. We document that the variability in the number of synsacro‐lumbar vertebrae is evolutionarily conserved, and all studied synsacra possess osteological correlates of the lumbosacral‐canal system. We also found that Eocene and extant Antarctic penguins were separable on the basis of the main direction of the shape‐related (size‐independent) variability within said system, and A. forsteri was unique in the entire studied set in terms of the relative cranial shift of this compound structure. Moreover, we suggest that the evolutionary processes, shaping both the terrestrial posture and gait, were responsible, in extant penguins, for the increased simplicity and stability of the synsacral canal cross‐sectional periodic patterns, as well as pave the way for the lumbosacral‐canal system modularity characterized by reduced atomization/complexity.
Estimating upper percentiles of surface water monitoring data with sparse samples
Authors: Mosquin Paul L. , Aldworth Jeremy , Kott Phillip S. , Chen Wenlin , Grant Shanique
Published: October 2022

The estimation of upper percentiles of chemical concentrations in surface water systems within sites and regions may be necessary for the assessment of potential risk to ecosystems and human health. Limited sample sizes at monitoring sites often limit the use of direct methods to estimate upper percentiles. In such cases, upper percentiles within regions within a time frame may be estimated by pooling data across sites and years, and then deriving percentile estimates from the pooled dataset. The method uses the observations resulting from either a known probability‐sampling design or a sampling design treated like one because its observations come close to matching that of a probability‐sample. These observations are then weighted to ensure that estimates are representative of a target population across all the sites within the region and the range of years in the time frame. This method of estimating upper percentiles of annual site concentration profiles is demonstrated using atrazine and validated using the monitoring data from both sparsely sampled and high‐frequency water monitoring programs, where point and interval estimates of the 90th, 95th, and 99th pooled population percentiles are provided. This method shows that the pooled data from multiple sparse datasets can be used to provide estimates of near‐peak concentrations with greater certainty, which are consistent with those generated by high‐frequency sampling monitoring programs.
Assessment of the benefits of climate model weights for ensemble analysis in three urban precipitation frequency studies
Authors: Grady Kevin , Markus Momcilo , Wu Shu , Wang Fuyao , Koric Seid
Published: October 2022

In hydrology, projected climate change impact assessment studies typically rely on ensembles of downscaled climate model outputs. Due to large modeling uncertainties, the ensembles are often averaged to provide a basis for studying the effects of climate change. A key issue when analyzing averages of a climate model ensemble is whether to weight all models in the ensemble equally, often referred to as the equal‐weights or unweighted approach, or to use a weighted approach, where, in general, each model would have a different weight. Many studies have advocated for the latter, based on the assumption that models that are better at simulating the past, that is, the models with higher hindcast accuracy, will give more accurate forecasts for the future and thus should receive higher weights. To examine this issue, observed and modeled daily precipitation frequency (PF) estimates for three urban areas in the United States, namely Boston, Massachusetts; Houston, Texas; and Chicago, Illinois, were analyzed. The comparison used the raw output of 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The PFs from these models were compared with the observed PFs for a specific historical training period to determine model weights for each area. The unweighted and weighted averaged model PFs from a more recent testing period were then compared with their corresponding observed PFs to determine if weights improved the estimates. These comparisons indeed showed that the weighted averages were closer to the observed values than the unweighted averages in nearly all cases. The study also demonstrated how weights can help reduce model spread in future climate projections by comparing the unweighted and weighted ensemble standard deviations in these projections. In all studied scenarios, the weights actually reduced the standard deviations compared to the equal‐weights approach. Finally, an analysis of the results' sensitivity to the areal reduction factor used to allow comparisons between point station measurements and grid‐box averages is provided.
ploidyfrost: Reference‐free estimation of ploidy level from whole genome sequencing data based on de Bruijn graphs
Authors: Sun Mingzhu , Pang Erli , Bai Wei‐Ning , Zhang Da‐Yong , Lin Kui
Published: October 2022

Polyploidy is ubiquitous and its consequences are complex and variable. A change of ploidy level generally influences genetic diversity and results in morphological, physiological and ecological differences between cells or organisms with different ploidy levels. To avoid cumbersome experiments and take advantage of the less biased information provided by the vast amounts of genome sequencing data, computational tools for ploidy estimation are urgently needed. Until now, although a few such tools have been developed, many aspects of this estimation, such as the requirement of a reference genome, the lack of informative results and objective inferences, and the influence of false positives from errors and repeats, need further improvement. We have developed ploidyfrost, a de Bruijn graph‐based method, to estimate ploidy levels from whole genome sequencing data sets without a reference genome. ploidyfrost provides a visual representation of allele frequency distribution generated using the ggplot2 package as well as quantitative results using the Gaussian mixture model. In addition, it takes advantage of colouring information encoded in coloured de Bruijn graphs to analyse multiple samples simultaneously and to flexibly filter putative false positives. We evaluated the performance of ploidyfrost by analysing highly heterozygous or repetitive samples of Cyclocarya paliurus and a complex allooctoploid sample of Fragaria × ananassa. Moreover, we demonstrated that the accuracy of analysis results can be improved by constraining a threshold such as Cramér's V coefficient on variant features, which may significantly reduce the side effects of sequencing errors and annoying repeats on the graphical structure constructed.
snpR: User friendly population genomics for SNP data sets with categorical metadata
Authors: Hemstrom William , Jones Melissa
Published: October 2022

The analysis of genomic data can be an intimidating process, particularly for researchers who are not experienced programmers. Commonly used analyses are spread across many programs, each requiring their own specific input formats, and so data must often be repeatedly reorganized and transformed into new formats. Analyses often require splitting data according to metadata variables such as population or family, which can be challenging to manage in large data sets. Here, we introduce snpR, a user‐friendly data analysis package in R for processing SNP genomic data. snpR is designed to automate data subsetting and analyses across categorical metadata while also streamlining repeated analyses by integrating approaches contained in many different packages in a single ecosystem. snpR facilitates iterative and efficient analyses centred on a single R object for an entire analysis pipeline.
Management of DNA reference libraries for barcoding and metabarcoding studies with the R package refdb
Authors: Keck François , Altermatt Florian
Published: October 2022

DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are revolutionizing the study and survey of biodiversity. In order to assign taxonomic labels to the DNA sequence data retrieved, these methods are strongly dependent on comprehensive and accurate reference databases. Producing reliable databases linking biological sequences and taxonomic data can be—and often has been—done using mainstream tools such as spreadsheet software. However, spreadsheets quickly become insufficient when the amount of data increases to thousands of taxa and sequences to be matched, and validation operations become more complex and are error prone if done in a manual way. Thus, there is a clear need for providing scientists with user‐friendly, reliable and powerful tools to manipulate and manage DNA reference databases in tractable, sound and efficient ways. Here, we introduce the R package refdb as an environment for semi‐automatic and assisted construction of DNA reference libraries. The refdb package is a reference database manager offering a set of powerful functions to import, organize, clean, filter, audit and export the data. It is broadly applicable in metabarcoding data generally obtained in biodiversity and biomonitoring studies. We present the main features of the package and outline how refdb can speed up reference database generation, management and handling, and thus contribute to standardization and repeatability in barcoding and metabarcoding studies.
Proceeding through Colonial Past‐Presents in Fieldwork: Methodological Lessons on Accountability, Refusal, and Autonomy
Authors: Smyth Araby
Published: October 2022

This article examines how the colonial past manifests within the present through an analysis of ethnographic and archival fieldwork. Drawing on feminist geographic scholarship for decolonising knowledge production, I argue that geographers have a responsibility to the people they work with and the places where they conduct research to know what came before. Through an analysis of how the colonial past surfaced in everyday and ongoing experiences of negotiating consent during fieldwork, I show how reflecting on the colonial past‐present offers insights into the colonial power geometries of knowledge production. Proceeding through the colonial past‐present offers useful lessons on being accountable to people and lands, recognising refusal, and making autonomy. While this article is focused on my experiences as a white settler scholar from the USA who did research in a Mixe community in Oaxaca, Mexico, proceeding through colonial past‐presents offers lessons to any and all geographers who struggle to unsettle the persistent colonial power geometries of knowledge production.
Associations between transient and chronic loneliness, and depression, in the understanding society study
Authors: Wolska Katarzyna , Creaven Ann‐Marie
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Loneliness has a long‐established link with depression; however, patterns of loneliness, specifically transient (short‐term) and chronic loneliness (longer‐term), have seldom been researched in terms of their associations with depression and psychiatric distress. We investigated whether chronic loneliness could predict higher levels of psychiatric distress and higher chance of depression diagnosis (via self‐report) than transient and no loneliness.

Methods

We used data from 18,999 participants in Waves 9 and 10 of the Understanding Society survey: a nationally representative study of adults in the United Kingdom. The study used a between‐subjects, cross‐sectional, design, where participants' scores on loneliness measures across two time points were combined to form patterns of loneliness, and participants were compared on their levels of psychiatric distress and depression diagnoses across the three loneliness groups: chronic loneliness (lonely at both time points), transient loneliness (lonely at one time point) and no loneliness.

Results

Regression analyses revealed that patterns of loneliness predicted both the likelihood of participants reporting a history of depression diagnosis and participants' levels of psychiatric distress. The chronic loneliness group had the highest likelihood of self‐reported depression diagnosis and had the highest levels of psychiatric distress, compared to both the transient and no loneliness groups. Transient loneliness, in turn, predicted higher likelihood of reporting a history of depression diagnosis and higher levels of psychiatric distress than the no loneliness group.

Conclusions

The study replicates and extends prior findings, suggesting that prolonged loneliness even over the course of one year is a risk factor for poorer mental health.
Polyphenols as potential metabolism mechanisms regulators in liver protection and liver cancer prevention
Authors: Li Shuangfeng , Yin Shuangshuang , Ding Hui , Shao Yingying , Zhou Shiyue , Pu Weiling , Han Lifeng , Wang Tao , Yu Haiyang
Published: October 2022

Background

Liver cancer is one of the common malignancies. The dysregulation of metabolism is a driver of accelerated tumourigenesis. Metabolic changes are well documented to maintain tumour growth, proliferation and survival.

Recently, a variety of polyphenols have been shown to have a crucial role both in liver disease prevention and metabolism regulation.

Methods

We conducted a literature search and combined recent data with systematic analysis to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms that link polyphenols to metabolic regulation and their contribution in liver protection and liver cancer prevention.

Results

Targeting metabolic dysregulation in organisms prevents and resists the development of liver cancer, which has important implications for identifying new therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of cancer. Polyphenols are a class of complex compounds composed of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups and are the main active ingredients of many natural plants. They mediate a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions containing complex lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, iron metabolism, intestinal flora imbalance, as well as the direct interaction of their metabolites with key cell‐signalling proteins. A large number of studies have found that polyphenols affect the metabolism of organisms by interfering with a variety of intracellular signals, thereby protecting the liver and reducing the risk of liver cancer.

Conclusion

This review systematically illustrates that various polyphenols, including resveratrol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydromyricetin, quercetin, catechins, curcumin, etc., improve metabolic disorders through direct or indirect pathways to protect the liver and fight liver cancer.
Differences in nomenclature usage and preference among dermatopathologists for “dysplastic” nevi: A national survey
Authors: Green Austin R. , Moshiri Ata , Hippe Daniel S. , Raymundo Caroline , Piepkorn Michael , Shinohara Michi M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Ongoing controversy exists regarding terminology used to describe atypical melanocytic nevi. Efforts to standardize nomenclature, including the 1992 NIH consensus conference, have been largely unsuccessful. Significant advances have revealed an increasingly detailed genetic picture of melanocytic neoplasms, including strong evidence for the existence of those with “intermediate” behavior.

Methods

We sent an electronic survey to dermatopathologists (n = 846) to assess trends in nomenclature usage and attitudes toward developing new consensus nomenclature for atypical melanocytic nevi.

Results

There were 229 complete responses (27.1% response rate). The most used/preferred nomenclature was “dysplastic nevus” (43%/39%, respectively), followed by the NIH‐recommended terminology (28%/26%). Three‐tier grading systems were most heavily used/preferred (79%/63%). Dermatopathologists based in New England were most likely to use the NIH terminology; on the other hand, “dysplastic nevus” or “other” were most used elsewhere (p = 0.029). Most (76%) expressed at least “moderate” enthusiasm for developing consensus nomenclature, with 47% “very” or “extremely” enthusiastic.

Conclusion

Little has changed with the wide variation in terminology for atypical melanocytic nevi. There continues to be no one dominant terminology in use. However, there is enthusiasm for standardization. A new attempt at updated consensus nomenclature may be fruitful.
The afterlife goes on: The biographical consequences of women's engagement in the 2011 Egyptian uprising
Authors: Allam Nermin
Published: October 2022

What are some of the effects of women's participation in the 2011 Egyptian uprising on their personal biographies? A small body of feminist scholarship has examined how gender mediates the consequences of social movement participation for women. These studies have largely focused on participants' experiences under Western democracies and within women's movements, yet we know less about the impact of participation on women protestors in Arab autocracies. Using the case of the 2011 Egyptian uprising, the study demonstrates how women's participation in the uprising has influenced their personal biographies in the absence of opportunities and resources. I focus on two examples from women's biographies: women's decision to remove the hijab and to leave their family homes and the decision by some protestors to change their careers and work in the area of women's rights. Drawing from the literature on gender and the consequences of social movements, I apply an analytical framework consisting of two key mechanisms: women's experiences during contention and their exposure to new critical networks. Building on 20 interviews with former protestors and activists, I show how women's encounters with gender‐based violence in protests and exposures to new social and political networks influenced their personal and professional lives. The article contributes to the growing literature that has sought to explain the transformative impacts of social movements beyond the overtly “political” sphere of policies.
Early loss of endogenous NAD+ following rotenone treatment leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and Sarm1 induction that is ameliorated by PARP inhibition
Authors: Sarkar Ankita , Dutta Sourav , Sur Malinki , Chakraborty Semanti , Dey Puja , Mukherjee Piyali
Published: October 2022

Sarm1 is an evolutionary conserved innate immune adaptor protein that has emerged as a primary regulator of programmed axonal degeneration over the past decade. In vitro structural insights have revealed that although Sarm1 induces energy depletion by breaking down nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+), it is also allosterically inhibited by NAD+. However, how NAD+ levels modulate the activation of intracellular Sarm1 has not been elucidated so far. This study focuses on understanding the events leading to Sarm1 activation in both neuronal and non‐neuronal cells using the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone. Here, we report the regulation of rotenone‐induced cell death by loss of NAD+ that may act as a ‘biological trigger’ of Sarm1 activation. Our study revealed that early loss of endogenous NAD+ levels arising due to PARP1 hyperactivation preceded Sarm1 induction following rotenone treatment. Interestingly, replenishing NAD+ levels by the PARP inhibitor, PJ34 restored mitochondrial complex I activity and also prevented subsequent Sarm1 activation in rotenone‐treated cells. These cellular data were further validated in Drosophila melanogaster where a significant reduction in rotenone‐mediated loss of locomotor abilities, and reduced dSarm expression was observed in the flies following PARP inhibition. Taken together, these observations not only uncover a novel regulation of Sarm1 induction by endogenous NAD+ levels but also point towards an important understanding on how PARP inhibitors could be repurposed in the treatment of mitochondrial complex I deficiency disorders.
Lung carcinoid tumours: histology and Ki‐67, the eternal rivalry
Authors: Centonze Giovanni , Maisonneuve Patrick , Simbolo Michele , Lagano Vincenzo , Grillo Federica , Fabbri Alessandra , Prinzi Natalie , Garzone Giovanna , Filugelli Martina , Pardo Carlotta , Mietta Alessia , Pusceddu Sara , Sabella Giovanna , Bercich Luisa , Mangogna Alessandro , Rolli Luigi , Grisanti Salvatore , Benvenuti Mauro Roberto , Pastorino Ugo , Roz Luca , Scarpa Aldo , Berruti Alfredo , Capella Carlo , Milione Massimo
Published: October 2022

WHO classification of Thoracic Tumours defines lung carcinoid tumours (LCTs) as well‐differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) classified in low grade typical (TC) and intermediate grade atypical carcinoids (AC). Limited data exist concerning protein expression and morphologic factors able to predict disease aggressiveness. Though Ki‐67 has proved to be a powerful diagnostic and prognostic factor for Gastro‐entero‐pancreatic NENs, its role in lung NENs is still debated. A retrospective series of 370 LCT from two oncology centers was centrally reviewed. Morphology and immunohistochemical markers (Ki‐67, TTF‐1, CD44, OTP, SSTR‐2A, Ascl1, and p53) were studied and correlated with Overall Survival (OS), Cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and Disease‐free survival (DFS). Carcinoid histology was confirmed in 355 patients: 297 (83.7%) TC and 58 (16.3%) AC. Ki‐67 at 3% was the best value in predicting DFS. Ki‐67 ≥ 3% tumours were significantly associated with AC histology, stage III‐IV, smoking, vascular invasion, tumour spread through air spaces OTP negativity, and TTF‐1, Ascl1 and p53 positivity. After adjustment for center and period of diagnosis, both Ki‐67 (≥3 versus <3) and histology (AC versus TC) alone significantly added prognostic information to OS and CSS multivariable model with age, stage and OTP; addition of both variables did not provide further prognostic information. Conversely, an improved significance of the DFS prediction model at multivariate analysis was seen by adding Ki‐67 (≥3 versus <3, P adj = 0.01) to TC and AC histological distinction, age, lymph node involvement, residual tumour and OTP. Ki‐67 ≥ 3% plays a potentially pivotal role in LCT prognosis, irrespective of histological grade.
Effects of different thermoultrasonic time on quality characteristics of fishbone broth and correlation analysis on taste substances
Authors: Han Menglin , Bu Ying , He Wei , Zhu Wenhui , Li Xuepeng , Zhang Yuyu
Published: October 2022

Thermoultrasonic treatment (TUT) has a superb effect on improving the quality of fishbone broth. To further investigate the effects of different thermoultrasonic time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 min) on quality characteristics of halibut bone broth, the nutritional composition, system, and flavor traits are studied in this article. Results indicate that thermoultrasonic time is not proportional to the quality of fishbone soup, the sample has the best quality traits under the ultrasonic condition at 10 min. The particle size distribution is more concentrated (605.92 nm). Additionally, the correlation analysis on taste substances is discussed. Continuous formation of micro nanoparticles (MNPs) drives the interaction between molecules and further accumulates the main nutrients and flavor compounds through the ultrasonic process. Hence, TUT at 10 min can be effectively used as an optimization condition in the field of fishbone by‐product processing.

Novelty impact statement

Ultrasonic time is not proportional to the quality of halibut bone soup. The soup system is more stable, thick, and milky at an ultrasonic power of 10 min. Correlation analysis among FAAs, 5′‐nucleotides, and organic acids is discussed.
The association between beta‐blockers and outcomes in patients with heart failure and concurrent Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Gilstrap Lauren , Cohen Andrew , Ouellet Gregory M. , Goyal Parag , Gladders Barbara , Flint Danette , Skinner Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Background

Contemporary patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are older and have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment than those studied in trials. The risk/benefit trade‐off of routine beta‐blocker (BB) use in patients with HFrEF and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has not been explored. This study aimed to determine the association between BB use and outcomes among patients with HFrEF and ADRD.

Methods

Using a random 40% sample of Medicare Parts A, B, and D data we identified patients with ≥1 hospitalization for HFrEF between 2008 and 2018. Each patient was classified based on BB use prior to admission and after discharge. Outcomes include 90‐day and 1‐year mortality and readmission.

Results

Between 2008 and 2018, we identified 357,030 patients hospitalized with HFrEF; 12.7% had ADRD. Patients with HFrEF and ADRD had higher 90‐day and 1‐year mortality compared to patients with HFrEF‐only. Among patients admitted on a BB, 60.5% of patients with HFrEF‐only were continued on therapy after discharge, compared to 56.8% of patients with HFrEF and ADRD. Discontinuing BB was associated with a 2.2‐fold higher risk of 90‐day mortality (p < 0.001) among patients with HF‐only and a 2.‐ fold higher risk of 90‐day mortality (p < 0.001) among patients with HFrEF + ADRD. Not starting a BB was associated with a 1.8‐fold higher risk of 90‐day mortality (p < 0.001) among patients with HFrEF‐only and a 1.7‐fold higher risk of 90‐day mortality (p < 0.001) among patients with HFrEF + ADRD. Similar risks were seen at 1 year.

Conclusions

BB therapy is associated with significantly lower short and long‐term mortality rates among all patients with HFrEF; the magnitude of these associated benefits appear at least as large in patients with HFrEF and ADRD compared to patients with HFrEF‐only.
Nursing care of people with dementia in an orthopaedic acute care setting: An integrative literature review
Authors: Jensen Anders M. , Wilson Rhonda L. , Pedersen Birthe D. , Hounsgaard Lise , Tingleff Ellen B.
Published: October 2022

Aims and Objectives

This integrative literature review is to collect what is known about the care of people with dementia when they require a hospital admission for an orthopaedic surgical procedure and to contribute to developing an evidence‐base to support nursing practice when caring for people with dementia in an orthopaedic setting.

Background

People with a dementia diagnosis are increasingly common in acute orthopaedic care settings and the admission exposes people with dementia to risks during their hospital stay. In addition, nurses find people with dementia challenging to care for due to the complexity of dual conditions. Little is known specifically about the care requirements for people with dementia in orthopaedic settings.

Design

Integrative literature review.

Methods

An integrative literature review and qualitative deductive content analysis using McCormack and McCance's theoretical nursing framework (Person‐Centred Nursing Framework) of nine studies were undertaken. The process of the review was guided by PRISMA checklist.

Results

The care environment and resistance either in passive form, or through physical intervention, is common in orthopaedic nursing. Planning and delivering care for physical, cognitive and emotional needs is identified as being difficult, resulting in a lack of inclusion for patients, partly due to communication challenges. Finding ways to implement tailored care plans within standard ward routines proves difficult, and the consequence is a less than optimal care experience with adverse effects on patients characterised by an increase in dementia symptoms.

Conclusions

Care for people with dementia in an orthopaedic setting is complex. It needs to be further studied so that more evidence and supporting literature can contribute to improved care for this group of patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study describes the complexity of providing fundamental care for people with dual conditions of dementia and orthopaedic injury and suggests opportunities for improvement.
Multiorgan neutrophilic inflammation in a Border Collie with “trapped” neutrophil syndrome
Authors: Zoto Alyssa , Stecklein Chelsea , Scott Michael A. , Bauer Thomas R. , Lucidi Cynthia , Cridge Harry
Published: October 2022

Trapped neutrophil syndrome is a rare congenital disease recognized in Border Collies and is characterized by persistent neutropenia with myeloid hyperplasia. The mechanism of neutropenia has not been described. We document the case of a young Border Collie diagnosed with trapped neutrophil syndrome based on clinical features, blood and bone marrow evaluation, and presence of the associated homozygous mutation. Results from flow cytometric and storage studies suggested lower neutrophil survival time. The dog had substantial neutrophilic inflammation in multiple organs, indicating that neutrophils could leave the marrow and enter tissues, making the term “trapped” neutrophil syndrome a misnomer.
The rise of South–South relations: Creating space for resistance, development and peace in South America
Authors: Ripley Charles G.
Published: October 2022

This article examines South–South relations by exploring the South American experience. Emerging from the rise in leftist political movements at the turn of the millennium, the region engaged in a broad range of initiatives to address economic and security concerns. By excluding the influence of the United States and international financial institutions, South America opened space for economic policies and conflict‐resolution strategies that otherwise would never have been considered. Despite the value of South–South relations, this trend has attracted little scholarly attention. Yet, this study finds that this unique set of alliances played a crucial role in reestablishing relations between Colombia and Venezuela (2008–2010), resolving Argentina's financial crisis (2003–2007), and ending over 50 years of civil war in Colombia (1964–2016). Even more ambitiously, this study develops an innovative theoretical framework called post‐hegemonic regionalization. This new framework is necessary because traditional theories have not kept pace with South–South relations and thus yield little insight into South America. This study, therefore, fills an important gap in the literature. It offers compelling and rich accounts of unfamiliar yet crucial events in South American politics and addresses a theoretical deficiency.
Factors affecting the survival of harbor (Phoca vitulina) and gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) juveniles admitted for rehabilitation in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Zatrak Michal , Brittain Sam , Himmelreich Lauren , Lovick‐Earle Susie , Pizzi Romain , Shaw Kirsty J. , Grant Robyn A. , Geary Matthew
Published: October 2022

The UK shores are home to approximately 40% of the world's population of gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) and 40% of Europe's harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Stranded juvenile seals of both species are frequently rescued and admitted for rehabilitation. This study investigates the causes of P. vitulina and H. grypus admittance to rehabilitation centers in the UK and Ireland and identifies factors that can affect juvenile seal survival. Rehabilitation records for 1,435 P. vitulina and 2,691 H. grypus were used from five rehabilitation centers from 1988 through 2020. The most common nonexclusive reasons for seal admission to rehabilitation centers included malnourishment (37%), injuries (37%), maternal abandonment (15%), lethargy (12%), and parasite infections (8%). A mixed effects logistic regression model showed that H. grypus had 4.55 times higher survival odds than P. vitulina and that the odds of survival to release multiplied by 1.07 for every kilogram over their age‐predicted weight. This weight‐dependent survival could be attributed to the importance of fat in thermoregulation, hydration, and buoyancy during foraging. We recommend that seal rehabilitators pay special attention to the weight of admitted juvenile seals during triage and treatment to enhance their odds of survival and consequent release to the wild.
Should midline diastema in mixed dentition be an aesthetic concern?
Authors: Araújo Carlos Vinicius da Silva , de Menezes Carolina Carmo , Santamaria‐Jr Milton , Meneghim Marcelo de Castro , Vedovello Silvia Amélia Scudeler
Published: October 2022

Background

Mixed dentition determines an important period of occlusion development in childhood.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the aesthetic impact of the midline diastema cut‐off point in mixed dentition.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was performed with 257 children aged 8‐10 years in late mixed dentition, with midline diastema of 1‐5 mm and normal maxillary overjet. Orthodontic Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score determined the aesthetic impact of the midline diastema. Four quartiles of diastema measurements and impact scores were considered as cut‐off points. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were constructed, and the distances representing the distances to the ideal point were calculated. The Yuden index determined the efficiency of measuring the diastema to assess the aesthetic impact. The Kruskal‐Wallis test compared the groups of participants classified according to the diastema cut‐off by the sample quartile regarding the impact score. The analyses were performed with a significance level of 5%.

Results

There was no significant difference between the four groups of measurement quartiles of the diastema regarding the aesthetic impact (P > .05).

Conclusions

The perception of dental aesthetics in mixed dentition children was not affected by the midline diastema, regardless of the cut‐off point.
Surgical approach to supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava in patients with metallic stent in the hepatic vein during repeat liver transplantation
Authors: Sanada Yukihiro , Sakuma Yasunaru , Onishi Yasuharu , Okada Noriki , Hirata Yuta , Horiuchi Toshio , Omameuda Takahiko , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro
Published: October 2022

Background

Repeat liver transplantation (LT) for patients with the liver graft failure who underwent metallic stent placement in the previous graft hepatic vein (HV) for HV complications can be very difficult. We retrospectively reviewed the safer surgical procedures during repeat LT for patients with a metallic stent in the graft HV.

Case Reports

Patient 1 with biliary atresia who was treated with metallic stent placement for HV stenosis underwent a third LT form a deceased donor at the age 17 years. Patient 2 with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency who was treated with metallic stent placement for refractory HV stenosis underwent a second LT form a deceased donor at age 9 years. In both patients, transection of the previous graft HV through an intraabdominal approach was difficult during repeat LT, and a supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC) approach was introduced. Using a midline incision of the diaphragm, the pericardium was incised and the supradiaphragmatic IVC was encircled. After clamping the supradiaphragmatic IVC, graft hepatectomy was performed. The metallic stent was successfully removed breaking, and HV reconstruction was performed on the suprahepatic IVC. Both patients did well without serious HV complications after repeat LT.

Conclusions

The surgical technique for the supradiaphragmatic IVC approach is useful to decrease the risk of fatal operative complications during repeat LT for patients with a metallic stent in the graft HV.
The dilemma of analytic philosophy in Chinese
Authors: Huang Yuanfan
Published: October 2022

Although a sizable number of works on analytic philosophy are published in non‐Western languages, the literature continues to be written mainly in Western languages, especially English and German. This article makes a case for discussing analytic philosophy in Chinese and argues that it entails a dilemma: it can fulfill either the audience‐service or knowledge‐service functions but not both at the same time. This is problematic because a standard original or critical philosophical article should fulfill both functions. Then, to challenge the validity of this dilemma, I pose the hypothetical scenario of Jake, who writes a marvelous, purely original publication on analytic philosophy in Chinese. This article posits that the dilemma will not be undermined by such a case and suggests an alternative way to resolve it.
Cross‐cultural investigation from nine countries on the associations of antisocial traits and theWHO's containment measures for theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pianowski Giselle , Giromini Luciano , Pimentel Ruam O. F. A. , Gonçalves André Pereira , Machado Gisele Magarotto , Hosseininasab Abufazel , Alghraibeh Ahmad M. , Brusadelli Emanuela , Rooney Emily Anne , Colombarolli Maíra Stivaleti , Tajamolian Meysam , Herzog Noelle Kaleki , Rusconi Patrice , Kelly Peter , Zare Shakour , Ales Francesca , Pignolo Claudia , Andò Agata , Zennaro Alessandro , Di Girolamo Marzia , de Francisco Carvalho Lucas
Published: October 2022

Personality traits play a role in prosocial behavior in relation to containment measures intended to tackle the COVID‐19 pandemic. Empirical findings indicated that individuals high in socially aversive traits such as callousness are less compliant with containment measures. This study aimed to add cross‐cultural data on the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID‐19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 4,538 adults recruited by convenience in nine countries (Australia, Brazil, England, Iraq, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States). Statistical analyses indicated two latent profiles from our sample, empathic and antisocial, and six COVID‐19 containment‐measure‐related factors using measures covering antisocial traits (PID‐5), empathy (ACME), global personality pathology (LPFS‐BF), and COVID‐19 behaviors and beliefs. Through MANCOVA, the antisocial profile consistently showed less compliance and concern about the COVID‐19 containment measures, even when controlling for demographics and local pandemic covariables. The network analysis indicated a lack of empathy and callousness as crucial traits of the predisposition to non‐compliant behavior. In elaborating on prosocial campaigns in community emergencies, our cross‐cultural findings would need to consider personality traits that focus on antisociality, anticipating similar associations and potential impacts in future disease outbreaks.
Broker Wisdom: How Migrants Navigate a Broker‐Centric Migration System in Vietnam1,2
Authors: Le Andrew Nova
Published: October 2022

States across the Global South have witnessed historic privatization of their migration systems over the last few decades. This article explores the cultural and cognitive processes through which migrants make sense of and navigate a broker‐centric migration system. Based on 224 interviews and 15 months of fieldwork across Vietnam—a country whose migration system is reliant on migrant brokers—this article examines how migrants develop and deploy broker wisdom, a unique cultural schema, where migrants refashion migrant brokerage activity to be more legible and subsequently manipulable. I first show how migrants mobilize distinct forms of everyday resistance to make sense of and navigate migrant brokerage. I then explore how the development and deployment of broker wisdom have implications for migrant brokerage and Vietnam's broader migration project. This article contributes to international migration, economic sociology, social movements, cultural sociology, and labor scholarships.
Does multiculturalism help immigrant youth engage in school? Multicultural paradox in the welfare state
Authors: Ham Seung‐Hwan , Yang Kyung‐Eun
Published: October 2022

Research thus far has presented inconsistent findings regarding the effect of multiculturalism on the integration of immigrant youth; however, few studies have focused on making sense of these inconsistencies and further developing research in this field. In the current study, we focus on the possibility that policy arrangements for social welfare may condition the effect of multiculturalism in different directions. Specifically, we hypothesize that the policy mix of generous welfare spending and strong multiculturalism may not aid in the acculturation of immigrant youth in the host country. Cross‐national multilevel data from 28,879 immigrant youth in 29 countries were analysed. The results indicate that immigrant youth show higher school engagement in countries with stronger institutionalised multiculturalism. However, this pattern varies depending on the social welfare policies of individual countries. When strong multiculturalism is combined with generous welfarism in a country, it does not positively affect the school engagement of immigrant youth. These findings align with our speculation that multiculturalism is likely to work better in liberal economies than in generous welfare states.
Deviations in red cell blood component temperature during laboratory processing and at blood return monitored by a time–temperature indicator device
Authors: Cheng Jian Yuan , Samudram Hemalatha , Lee Lai Ling Christina , Nadarajan Veera Sekaran
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the performance and utility of a time–temperature indicator (TTI) to determine the cumulative exposure time (CET) of red cell components (RCC) to temperatures above 10°C occurring within and outside the transfusion laboratory.

Background and Objectives

Blood centres often use the ‘30 or 60‐min rule’ for accepting RCC exposed to room temperature (RT) back into inventory. Effective monitoring of these temperature deviations is however lacking.

Materials and Methods

A Timestrip PLUS® TP153 10°C (TS + 10) TTI was attached to RCC units after preparation of the unit in the blood bank or on issue to the ward, to track the CET > 10°C during laboratory processing and outside the transfusion laboratory.

Results

The mean CET of 153 RCC tracked within the laboratory was 56 min. Sixty‐four (41.8%) and 34 (22.2%) of RCC had core temperature (CT) >10°C for more than 30 and 60 min, respectively. Among the 69 RCC that were returned unused, 27 (39.1%), 17 (24.6%) and 5 (7.2%) RCC units had CT >10°C for more than 30, 60 and 120 min respectively.

Conclusion

A large proportion of RCC have CT >10°C exceeding 30 min during handling within the transfusion laboratory, as well as when RCC are returned unused from transfusion locations. Corrective measures should be implemented to better manage the cold chain to avoid undesirable consequences to blood transfusion. A temperature sensitive device that can also indicate CET can be employed to objectively monitor the period that RCC remained at a CT that exceeds 10°C.
Genome‐wide association studies reveal genetic basis of ionomic variation in cassava
Authors: Yin Hongyan , Yan Yu , Hu Wei , Liu Guoyin , Zeng Hongqiu , Wei Yunxie , Shi Haitao
Published: October 2022

As one of the most important food crops, cassava (Manihot esculenta) is the main dietary source of micronutrients for about 1 billion people. However, the ionomic variation in cassava and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear so far. Herein, genome‐wide association studies were performed to reveal the specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect the ionomic variation in cassava. We identified 164 SNPs with P‐values lower than the threshold located in 88 loci associated with divergent ionomic variations. Among them, 13 SNPs are related to both calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and many loci for different ionomic traits seem to be clustered on specific chromosome regions. Moreover, we identified the peak SNPs in the promoter regions of Sc10g003170 (encoding methionyl‐tRNA synthetase [MetRS]) and Sc18g015190 (encoding the transcriptional regulatory protein AlgP) for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation, respectively. Notably, these two SNPs (chr10_32807962 and chr18_31343738) were directly correlated with the transcript levels of Sc10g003170 (MetRS) and Sc18g015190 (AlgP), which positively modulated N accumulation and P concentration in cassava, respectively. Taken together, this study provides important insight into the genetic basis of cassava natural ionomic variation, which will promote genetic breeding to improve nutrient use and accumulation of elements in cassava.