bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser-Induced Forward Transfer Printing on Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Gemcitabine
Authors: Kanaki Zoi , Chandrinou Chrysoula , Orfanou Ioanna-Maria , Kryou Christina , Ziesmer Jill , A. Sotiriou Georgios , Klinakis Apostolos , Tamvakopoulos Constantin , Zergioti Ioanna
Published: May 2022

Cancer treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs remains to be challenging to the physician due to limitations associated with lack of efficacy or high toxicities. Typically, chemotherapeutic drugs are administered intravenously, leading to high drug concentrations that drive efficacy but also lead to known side effects. Delivery of drugs through transdermal microneedles (MNs) has become an important alternative treatment approach. Such delivery options are well suited for chemotherapeutic drugs in which sustained levels would be desirable. In the context of developing a novel approach, laserinduced forward transfer (LIFT) was applied for bioprinting of gemcitabine (Gem) to coat polymethylmethacrylate MNs. Gem, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancer, is a good candidate for MN-assisted transdermal delivery to improve the pharmacokinetics of Gem while reducing efficiency limitations. LIFT bioprinting of Gem for coating of MNs with different drug amounts and successful transdermal delivery in mice is presented in this study. Our approach produced reproducible, accurate, and uniform coatings of the drug on MN arrays, and on in vivo transdermal application of the coated MNs in mice, dose-proportional concentrations of Gem in the plasma of mice was achieved. The developed approach may be extended to several chemotherapeutics and provide advantages for metronomic drug dosing.
Advanced 3D-Printing Bioinks for Articular Cartilage Repair
Authors: Liang Qiushi , Ma Yuanzhu , Yao Xudong , Wei Wei
Published: May 2022

Chondral lesions caused by stressors, such as injury or inflammation, lead to osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a degenerative joint disease that has become a challenge worldwide. As the articular cartilage is incapable of self-regeneration due to the absence of vessels and nerves, novel cartilage repair techniques are urgently needed. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which allows the precise control of internal architecture and geometry of printed scaffolds, has stepped up to be a promising strategy in cartilage restoration. With regards to 3D bioprinting, bioinks with proper chemical and mechanical properties play one of the most critical roles in designing successful cartilage tissue constructs. In particular, hydrogels as 3D hydrophilic cross-linked polymer networks are highly recommended as bioinks because of their fine biocompatibility, easy fabrication, and tunable mechanical strength. Herein, we highlight the widely used polymers for hydrogel preparation and further provide a non-exhaustive overview of various functional modified additives (such as cells, drugs, bioactive factors and ceramic) to exploit the unique properties suitable for bioprinted cartilage. Finally, a prospective on future development for 3D-bioprinting in cartilage repair is elucidated in this review.
Convex and Concave Model 3D Printing for Designing Right-side Bronchial Blocker for Infants
Authors: Duan Xiaomin , Wang Wei , Ma Wenping , Mao Zhenhui , Xing Fangliang , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2022

It is technically challenging for pediatric anesthesiologists to use bronchial blocker (BB) to isolate the lungs of infants during thoracoscopic surgery. Further, BB currently sold in the market cannot match the anatomical characteristics of the infants, especially on the right main bronchus. It may easily cause poor exhaustion of the right upper lobe, which leads to interference with the thoracoscopic surgical field. The two dimensional reconstruction data of 124 normal infants’ airways were extracted from the medical image database of Beijing Children’s Hospital for statistical analysis. After using linear fitting and goodness-of-fit test, a good linear relationship was detected between infant age and various parameters related to aid in designing a new BB for infants (R2 =0.502). According to the growth and development rate of infants, the DICOM files of airway CT scan of 7 infants aged 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 270, and 360 days were selected to print non-transparent convex and transparent concave 3D models. The non-transparent convex model was precisely measured to obtain the important parameters for BB design infants only, to complete the design of BB, to generate the sample, and to verify the blocking effect of produced sample in transparent concave three-dimensional (3D) model.
Processing and characterization of crack-free 7075 aluminum alloys with elemental Zr modification by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Yu Wenhui , Xiao Zhen , Zhang Xuhui , Sun Yetao , Xue Peng , Tan Shuai , Wu Yongling , Zheng Hongyu
Published: May 2022

High-performance engineering alloys, such as 7000 series aluminum alloys, suffer poor printability in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing. An enormous challenge lies in the suppression of solidification cracks caused by solidification shrinkage and thermal stresses. Porosity formation, as one of the main concerns for LPBF application, should also be avoided at the same time. In this study, aluminum alloy (AA) 7075 with and without Zr modification was additively manufactured by LPBF. Processing parameters of laser power and scanning speed, resulting in various volumetric energy density (VED), were experimentally determined to produce crack-free components with tailored microstructure. Optical microscopy was used to reveal how the crack density and porosity vary with VED. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy uncovered the detailed microstructure in the molten pool and the evolution of the elemental Zr addition. The results indicate that 1 w.t.% addition of elemental Zr in AA7075 led to lower crack density compared with 0.3 w.t.% addition. In 1 w.t.% Zr-modified AA7075, crack-free components were obtained under high VED. Fine equiaxed grains, instead of large columnar grains, were formed at the bottom of the molten pool boundary due to the existence of Al3Zr compound, which favored the nucleation of aluminum grains and elimination of cracks. The phenomenon of silicon segregation near cracks remained in Zr modified alloys, although its effects on cracking were suppressed. Spherical pores in the Zr-modified AA7075 increased due to the deterioration of fluidity by unmelted particles, which distracted the Marangoni flow as well. Sufficient laser energy input can increase the viscosity and ease the pores escaping. By optimizing parameters, crack-free AA7075 parts with low porosity can be manufactured through LPBF with Zr addition.
Flexural behavior of 3D printed bio-inspired interlocking suture structures
Authors: Wickramasinghe Sachini , Do Truong , Tran Phuong
Published: May 2022

Additive manufacturing has allowed producing various complex structures inspired by natural materials. In this research, the bio-inspired suture structure was 3D printed using the fused deposition modeling printing technique to study its bending response behavior. Suture is one of the most commonly found structures in biological bodies. The primary purpose of this structure in nature is to improve flexibility by absorbing energy without causing permeant damage to the biological structure. An interesting discovery of the suture joint in diabolical ironclad beetle has given a great opportunity to further study the behavior of these natural suture designs. Inspired by the elliptical shape and the interlocking features of this suture, specimens were designed and 3D printed using polylactic acid thermoplastic polymer. A three-point bending test was then conducted to analyze the flexural behavior of each suture design, while digital image correlation and numerical simulation were performed to capture the insights of deformation process.
El eslabón perdido de la conflictividad social en Asturias
Authors: González Prieto Luis Aurelio , Muñiz Sánchez Jorge , González Palomares David
Published: May 2022

En el año 1858 los mineros de Fábrica de Mieres protagonizan un conflicto social motivado por una crisis de producción agrícola. Sin embargo, la forma que adopta la manifestación de su malestar no es ya la propia del período precedente –típicamente asaltos a panaderías–, sino que se materializa en una huelga espontánea, mucho tiempo antes de que el movimiento obrero pueda empezar a infundir conciencia, modos organizativos y formas de actuación en la región. Se trata entonces de un momento transicional en las reivindicaciones populares, poco o nada conocido hasta ahora. Conviene profundizar en su estudio, tomando como ejes básicos de contextualización las formas de protesta del momento, la crisis de subsistencia y la situación de la empresa.
Labour outcomes in advanced maternal age
Authors: Pisal Priya B. , Palve Tushar , Bulchandani Priya
Published: May 2022

Background: Advanced maternal age has been traditionally defined as age >35 years at delivery, although some authors have used the age limits 40and even 44 years.Regardless of what is the cutoff for advanced maternal age, pregnancies in women aged >35 years are considered at risk of both obstetric complications and interventions.Methods: Study design: retrospective study. The present study is a type of research article which was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Cama Hospital, Mumbai from October 2021 to January 2022, 50 postnatal mothers with age more than or equal to 35 were selected.Results: About 50 women participated in this study and most of them belonged between the age group of 30-35 years of age. Most of the women were multipara. Most of them had postpartum hemorrhage as the most common post-delivery complication.Conclusions: Early ANC registration, regular ANC visits and adequate intrapartum fetal surveillance is essential to prevent adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in advanced maternal age.
Prevalence and clinical utility of sperm DNA fragmentation index in couples with unexplained infertility
Authors: Tandulwadkar Sunita , Babar Swati R. , Mishra Sneha , Gupta Shruti
Published: May 2022

Background: Worldwide increased burden of infertility has built up stress in reproductive age group couples. Female factor evaluation and semen analysis are carried out routinely in infertility work up. As per the recent observations, males with normal semen analysis may have abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Thus, rendering semen analysis with poor diagnostic value in unexplained infertility cases. There is lack of adequate literature on prevalence of abnormal DFI in unexplained infertility. This study is directed to contribute to the literature by assessing prevalence of couples with ‘unexplained infertility’ having DFI>15% in male partners. Methods: After getting approval from institutional ethical and scientific research committee, 200 couples with unexplained infertility were recruited for the study and sperm DFI using sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test (Halo test) was done. Results: Out of 200 subjects, 54% were having low DFI, 32% were having moderate DFI and 14% were having high DFI.Conclusions: Many couples diagnosed as unexplained infertility according to traditional diagnostic methods has remarkably high degrees of fragmented sperm DNA. Identification of such couples provide vital information and better therapeutic options can be offered to them to achieve best reproductive outcomes.
Induced abortion practices in Bengali-speaking communities: a preliminary study
Authors: Mollick Sahid Afrid , Chakraborty Sayak , Ray Supriya , Das Subhashree
Published: May 2022

Background: Abortion is termed as ‘medical termination of a pregnancy’ (MTP). In India, abortion can be performed until 24 weeks of pregnancy according to the MTP Amendment Act 2021 which came into effect on 24th September 2021. The topic of abortion is still hotly debated in India and considered taboo in numerous circles. There has been a recent surge in liberal outlook when it comes to perspectives on social issues. However, creases of worry appear on the forehead when a woman faces the issue of making a decision in such matter. The hindrance comes from reasons such as: abortion is illegal, religious beliefs are against abortion, social taboo against abortion, and other factors.Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted using a systematic random sampling method at the Family Planning Hospital, Park Circus, Kolkata. Reproductive histories were collected from 120 women, belonging to reproductive age 20-50 years. Using structured schedule, individual face-to-face and in-depth interviews were conducted.Results: We were confronted with four recurring factors that negatively impacted on their family planning processes which led to an increased rate of abortion. We also found that abortion has a significant relationship with maternal age, education of the mother, family income, and number of parity.Conclusions: Maternal age, religious beliefs, education, family income, number of parity and also knowledge on legal abortion ware the major decisive factor associated with abortion. Poorest, younger, uneducated, women who had tendency to minimize family size were more likely to undergo abortion.
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical and breast cancer: a comparative study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Chaurasia Amrita , Upadhyay Anupma , Kumari Archana
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical and breast cancer are commonest cancer among Indian females. Timely screening through simple methods can prevent advanced stage of disease, thereby preventing mortality. Updated knowledge about available standard preventive methods have a huge impact in improving the acceptance and thus increasing the percentage of screened, vaccinated and treated population. Objective were to evaluate and compare knowledge, attitude and practices about cervical and breast cancer among paramedics and hospital visitors at tertiary care teaching institute.Methods: 100 participants; 50 each of paramedics and hospital visitors of Swaroop Rani hospital Prayagraj were assessed for knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cervical and breast cancer using predesigned questionnaire.Results: The 100% of paramedics had heard about cervical and breast cancer while among hospital visitors only 66% had heard about cervical cancer and 78% about breast cancer. Regarding in depth knowledge of symptomatology paramedics had higher percentage for both cervical and breast cancer. The knowledge of cervical and breast cancer screening methods was significantly higher among paramedics as compared to hospital visitors. Positive attitude regarding cervical and breast cancer was 60% and 74% among paramedics while 26% and 16% among hospital visitors. Both groups showed poor practice (34%,42% among paramedics while 12% and 6% in hospital visitors).Conclusions: Despite various focused programs on cancer awareness and preventive strategies being run already significant differences were observed in knowledge, attitude and practice of paramedics and hospital visitors. Although the knowledge was good among paramedic’s gap was seen in attitude and practice that warrants the need of focusing on awareness generation through different platforms.
Hydropic leiomyoma, a considerable differential diagnosis: a case series
Authors: El Ghali El Hassan , Meziyane Jihane , Auragh Soukaina , Saadi Hanane , Taheri Hafsa , Mimouni Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Uterine leiomyomas can show a wide variety of degenerative changes. In the actual work, we report two cases of hydropic leiomyomas. Hydropic leiomyomas are characterized by a massive intra-tumoral accumulation of watery edema. This variant is often associated to atypical clinical and radiological presentations, raising the possibility of aggressive neoplasms, particularly uterine sarcomas. Although imaging can be helpful to diagnose uterine neoplasms, in particular ultrasounds and MRI, the radiological features of Hydropic leiomyomas, as for other leiomyomas variants, are often atypical and worrisome for uterine sarcomas. The pathological evaluation is often needed to have a final diagnosis.
Caesarean scar-unusual site of ectopic pregnancy: a rare case report
Authors: Kharode Amruta , Chaudhari Kamlesh , Inamdar Saunitra
Published: May 2022

Scar ectopic pregnancy is the rarest type of ectopic pregnancy; however, it is becoming more common around the world. It is a life-threatening condition caused by abnormal embryo implantation in the myometrium and fibrous tissue of the prior scar after a caesarean section, hysterotomy, myomectomy, or metroplasty. With a better understanding of the disease and an increased rate of caesarean section, there is a significant increase in this condition. Early and correct diagnosis, combined with prompt treatment, can help to avoid pregnancy problems including haemorrhage and uterine rupture, as well as preserve fertility.
A conception with congenitally complicated connection: a rare case of pregnancy with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: P. Priyadarsene , M. Mahalakshmi , R. Sangeetha
Published: May 2022

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a congenital cyanotic heart disease characterized by abnormal communication of pulmonary veins into the right atrium rather than into the left atrium leading to mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Uncorrected TAPVCs do not survive till adulthood and pregnancy in patients with TAPVC is extremely rare. In patients with TAPVC, the heart cannot withstand the hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy and hence termination of pregnancy in the first trimester is often required. Here we reported an extremely rare case of pregnancy in a patient with uncorrected TAPVC, terminated successfully in our institute without any complication.
A case report on a rare occurrence: mesenteric cyst complicating pregnancy
Authors: Regupathi Shri Janani , Janakiraman Prabha
Published: May 2022

Mesenteric cysts are very rare abdominal tumours with an incidence of 1/250000 cases and a mere less than 10 cases noted in pregnancy.  The etiology is attributed to the failure of communication of lymph nodes to the lymphatics. These cysts can be uni/multilocular and involve the small bowel mesentery. An 18 year old primigravida at 12 weeks of gestation was admitted with complaints of lower abdominal pain for 1 month.  Ultrasound revealed the presence of loculated ascites or a mesenteric cyst. MRI abdomen revealed a large well defined cystic lesion with thick septations suggestive of a complex ovarian cyst/ mesenteric cyst. Patient was planned for laparotomy.  On laparotomy, the patient had 2 large mesenteric cysts with intervening bowel. Fluid aspirate from the cyst was turbid/chylolymphatic.    Laparotomy was proceeded to excision of the cyst with resection and anastomosis of the bowel.  Post operatively, there were no complications noted at the site of anastomosis, an ultrasound showed a live fetus with good cardiac activity and adequate growth.  She carried the fetus to term with no maternal and fetal complications and was terminated by caesarean section. A very large cyst may affect the growth of the fetus, may rupture spontaneously or may undergo torsion. The definitive treatment is enucleation with/without bowel resection. Early identification and definitive treatment is necessary for proper management of the condition.
Histological pattern of bladder cancer at a tertiary hospital in North Western Nigeria: an update
Authors: Onwuasoanya Uzodimma E. , Mungadi Ismaila A. , Agwu Ngwobia Peter , Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullahi , Abdullahi Kabiru , Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq , Khalid Abdullahi
Published: May 2022

Background: An update on the histopathological patterns of bladder cancer in our environment is pertinent to determine the current prevalent histological type and if there is worsening schistosomal infestation as these can guide the management of bladder cancer.Methods: This is a prospective study of patients managed for bladder cancer at the urology unit, department of surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria between 02 February 2018 and 01 February 2019. Histology of biopsy specimens were done at the histopathology department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. Data was collected using a structured proforma and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results: A total of 65 patients were recruited into the study with mean age of 51.9 years and standard deviation of ±14.7. The male to female ratio was 6:1 and the commonest occupation of the patients was farming (41.5%). A total of 46 patients (70.8%) had squamous cell carcinoma following histology, followed by transitional cell carcinoma seen in 9.2% of patients and adenocarcinoma seen in 3.1% of patients. Schistosoma ova was seen in 13.8% of the patients while 3.1% of the patients had cystitis cystica.Conclusions: The commonest histological type of bladder cancer in our environment is squamous cell carcinoma. In this current study, the percentage of patients with squamous cell carcinoma is higher than the previously reported percentages while the percentage of patients with transitional cell carcinoma is lower than the previously reported percentages thus revealing worsening schistosomal infestation in our environment.
Desarda repair versus Lichtenstein repair for treatment of inguinal hernia
Authors: Moghazy Talal A. , Zayed Yehia H. , Farid Mona M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Inguinal hernias remain an important medical problem. The definitive treatment of all hernias is surgical repair. Desarda’s technique is a tension-free, mesh-free repair method that pays attention to the physiology of the inguinal region.Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in general surgery department at Al-Zahraa University Hospital and Damanhour Medical National Institute in the period between March 2019 and March 2021. It included 50 patients who were randomly divided into two equal groups: A (Desarda technique) and B (Lichtenstien technique).Results: The mean operative time in group A was 70.36 minutes and in group B was 64.88 minutes. Seroma formation occurred in 1 patient in group A (4%) while it occurred in 2 patients in group B (8%). The other postoperative complications were comparable in both groups during 1 year of follow-up, hernia recurrence occurred in 1 patient in group B (4%).Conclusions: Desarda repair of inguinal hernia is a good alternative to Lichtenstein repair.
Goering injuries: epidemiological, lesional and therapeutic aspects in the departments of Borgou and Alibori in Benin
Authors: Sambo Bio Tamou , Hondonou Adrien M. , Hadonou Armel A. , Djego Marcwell D. , Allode Alexandre S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Traumatic lesions by goring constitute a particular entity regarding their lesion mechanism and their types which are different from civil traumatology. Objectives of current study was to investigate the epidemiological, lesional and therapeutic aspects of goring injuries in the departments of Borgou and Alibori in Benin.Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study covering the period of eighteen months (January 2020 to June 2021) taking into account all patients admitted for goring trauma to one of the reference hospitals.Results: A total of 40 cases were identified. The average age of the subjects was 20.1±14.4 years with extremes of 7 and 65 years. The male subject was the most affected (97.5%) with a sex ratio of 39/1. The age group of 10 to 15 years was the most affected with 19 (47.5%) cases. Goering often took place on pasture (45%) or in the field (35%) and oxen were the most involved animal (90%). The victims were often herdsmen or farmers in respectively 50% and 37.5% of the cases. The trauma was most often located in the abdomen (35%). The treatment depended on the lesions. The average hospital stay was 3.9±3 days with extremes of 1 to 16 days. Two patients had died, so a mortality rate of 5%.Conclusions: The prevention of these traumas passes by the schooling of the children.
Rise in incidence of perforated peptic ulcer in young-change in the trends in etiology
Authors: Pasha Mohammed Muzamil , R. I. Divya
Published: May 2022

Background: A total of 50 patients who were admitted and treated for perforated peptic ulcer, from February 2021 to December 2021, were included in the study to study the recent changes in the trends of etiology of perforated peptic ulcer in the young.Methods: Patients who were diagnosed and treated with perforated peptic ulcer (prepyloric perforation and duodenal perforation) from February 2021 to December 2021 were included in the study. Data regarding dietary habits, use of addictive recreational substances, smoking, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption were collected and tabulated to study the recent trend in the etiology of perforated peptic ulcer in the young.Results: Higher incidence of peptic ulcer perforation seen in young males with history of use of recreational drugsConclusions: There is a rise in cases of perforated peptic ulcers in young males with a history of use of habit-forming substances.
Study of collagen dressing and conventional dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Saravanan R. , Prakash S. Ram
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetic mellitus affects roughly 8.3% of the population in the United States, with more than 79 million people being pre-diabetic. Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most serious and difficult consequences of diabetes mellitus to manage. Since the dawn of time, several therapy approaches have been tried. The treatment of diabetic foot ulcers has changed dramatically as technology and research have progressed, and the use of collagen dressings in diabetic foot ulcers remains one of them. In diabetic foot ulcers, a comparison of conventional and collagen dressings was made to determine the efficacy.Methods: A prospective study was undertaken with 50 diabetic foot ulcer patients. Out of the 50 patients, 25 patients were subjected to collagen treatment and 25 patients to conventional treatment with normal saline.Results: 80% granulation was observed in collagen treated group while there was no granulation was observed in the normal saline-treated group on day 7. The 62% epithelial tissue was present in the collagen treated group whereas 10% epithelial tissue was present in the normal saline-treated group on day 7.Conclusions: Collagen dressing speeds wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer patients, lowering hospital stay and the necessity for split-thickness skin transplantation. Our research has led us to the conclusion that collagen dressings are superior to conventional dressings.
A prospective study for evaluation of Alvarado score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Kapadia Navneetkumar M. , Rangwala Varin , Rathod Jignesh B. , Bhatt Ravi , Patel Sujan R.
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain for which a prompt diagnosis is rewarded by a decrease in morbidity and mortality. Delay in the diagnosis will lead to an increased morbidity and mortality rate, on another hand overzealous diagnosis may lead to increased negative appendectomy rates. Notwithstanding advances in modern radiographic imaging and diagnostic laboratory investigations, the diagnosis of appendicitis remains essentially clinical. To decrease the negative appendectomy rate and to increase the positive diagnostic rate of appendicitis, various scoring systems were designed. Alvarado score is one of them.Methods: A total of 100 operated cases of appendicectomy were studied. Their clinical diagnosis, assessed by the Alvarado scoring is compared with radiological and histopathological diagnoses, to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of the Alvarado score system. NPV, PPV, and percentages of various demographic and clinical data were calculated accordingly.Results: In this study, the positive predictive value of Alvarado scoring is found to be high i.e.; patients will have a high chance of acute appendicitis. On the other hand, the negative predictive value is low. Sensitivity for Alvarado's score is 50% while specificity is 88.9%.Conclusions: In this study, we concluded that the Alvarado score has a very high positive predictive value i.e.; diagnostic accuracy. Also with the help of the Alvarado score, we can reduce the number of negative appendicectomies.
Umbilical bleeding during menstruation in status post laparoscopic cholecystectomy of unknown/ambiguous aetiology
Authors: Mannan Ambreen Abdul , Soomro Suhail Ahmed , Kumari Aneeta , Memon Fauzia Abdul Raheem
Published: May 2022

Although umbilical endometriosis is a possible cause of cutaneous manifestation of retrograde menstruation during cyclical bleeding in status post laparoscopic surgery patient, Here in this case we presumed a diagnosis of endometriosis on the basis of its symptoms which couldn’t be proven in biopsy and on immune-histo-chemistry and casted a query that now what is the next possible aetiology which is responsible for umbilical bleeding specifically during menstruation in the patient with status post laparoscopic surgery. We report a case of presumed secondary umbilical port scar endometriosis in a 25-year-old lady nulliparous woman following laparoscopy-assisted cholecystectomy 6 months ago. Remarkably patient complained of peri umbilical pain and menstrual bleeding through umbilicus (retrograde) soon after surgery which was remarkably noticed only during her periodical cycle. History and clinical examination, haematology, ultrasound, computed tomography and MRI of abdomen and pelvis performed to rule out any primary lesions which all were found unremarkable. After counselling the patient about the presumptive causes and treatment options the umbilicus with its surgical scar mark excised and the tissue was sent for histopathological examination which was found inconclusive with no evidence of endometriosis at all. Remarkably it was further scrutinized by immune-histo-chemistry but remained fruitless. Fortunately, patient relieved her symptoms of retrograde menstrual bleeding after total excision of the umbilicus with scar mark post operatively but still left a diagnostic stigma for surgeons.
Intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus: associations and role of elective surgery in adults
Authors: Mohan Aishwarya , Ansari Waqar A. , Gada Parth B. , Dandge Snehal M. , Nagwani Pooja D.
Published: May 2022

Intestinal malrotation, a congenital anomaly of rotation of midgut, with paediatric dominant presentation is increasingly being observed in adult population. Here, the severity of presentation ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening midgut volvulus. Presentation with midgut volvulus, managed by an emergency surgery with definitive Ladd’s procedure is the current standard. Presently, there is no data to support elective repair in stable patients with chronic midgut volvulus. Management of asymptomatic adult with malrotation is also a topic of controversy with no recommended guidelines. We herein, present two cases of malrotation with midgut volvulus with initial conservative management followed by elective Ladd’s procedure. Rare associations like nutcracker phenomenon and pancreatitis were also observed in one of our patients. Our study aims to correlate our findings with the published literature, to understand these associations better and to review the need for an emergent operation for chronic midgut volvulus.
The importance of simulation training in surgical sciences
Authors: Fernández-Reyes Bernardo A. , Flores-González Ana K. , Alvarez-Lozada Luis Adrian , Guerrero-Zertuche Juventino T. , Arrambide-Garza Francisco J. , Quiroz-Perales Xavier G. , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo E. , Guzmán-López Santos
Published: May 2022

Simulators have been used throughout history to practice complicated procedures before performing them on human beings. The earliest simulation attempts were in cadavers. Donor bodies are still used for teaching and research but involve costly infrastructure, ethical and legal issues, as well as animal models. Training models need to be purposefully designed. These can be physical models, 3-D printed, simulators with virtual reality, augmented reality, or a hybrid simulation. The inert model is an alternative for animal tissue models, based on a trial-and-error method, the learning curve is approximately 65 procedures for a laparoscopist. Simulations models with virtual and augmented reality have shown that can reduce the time of practitioners with experience in laparoscopy, with an approximate reduction of 30 to 58%. Video-based learning method has been adopted in recent years but has shown to be less effective than hand-on learning using a simulator. Simulation can be involved to simulate specific scenarios, recreate simulated trauma patients, help develop a doctor-patient relationship and prepare complex approaches. Patient safety concerns call for the need to train medical personnel in simulated settings to reduce cost and patient morbidity because the ability to acquire surgical skills requires consistent practice. Simulation represents ideal teaching methods to optimize the knowledge and skill of residents before they are entrusted with procedures with real patients.
Impact of obesity and allergic rhinitis on childhood asthma
Authors: E. Adarsh , K. V. Rajanish , P. Varun Prasannaa
Published: May 2022

Background: Bronchial asthma has varied presentations in children and its global prevalence is increasing in children. Asthma is associated with various risk factors and comorbidities. The objective of the study was to assess the severity, level of control of asthma in children without comorbidities, with obesity and allergic rhinitis. Methods: An observational study was conducted in 150 children aged 5-15 years diagnosed to have asthma as per GINA (Global initiative for asthma) guidelines 2019, who are being followed up in the department of pediatrics in asthma clinic in RRMCH. Parents were interviewed and the following data collected like demography, allergy history, treatment history, comorbidities, family history of atopy. Detailed clinical examination was performed including anthropometry-weight, height and BMI recording. Pulmonary function tests was done in all children.Results: Out of 110 children without comorbidities, 108 (98.2%) had well controlled, 2 (1.8%) had partly controlled, 0 had uncontrolled. Out of 19 children with obesity, 5 (26.3%) had well controlled, 9 (47.4%) had partly controlled, 5 (26.3%) had uncontrolled. Out of 15 children with allergic rhinitis, 6 (40%) had well controlled, 8 (53.3%) had partly controlled, 1 (6.7%) had uncontrolled. With a p value of 0.001, it is statistically significant.Conclusions: Our study shows severity of asthma increases in children having comorbidities like obesity and allergic rhinitis when compared with children without comorbidities with a significant association. Our study also shows that children having comorbidities like obesity and allergic rhinitis have poor level of asthma control when compared with children without comorbidities with a significant association.
Comparison of thyroid hormonal status and serum albumin level between children with moderate acute malnutrition and severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Saini Aashish , Jain Hemant , Doshi Mili , Saini Jinesh
Published: May 2022

Background: Malnutrition is one of the most common nutritional problems in developing countries of the world and an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity leading to permanent impairment of physical and mental growth. Objective of current study was comparison of thyroid hormonal status and serum albumin level between children with MAM and SAM. Methods: The present study was a hospital-based Descriptive comparative study. A total of 96 children aged 6 months to 5 years were enrolled. They were divided into two groups (MAM and SAM) based on WHO staging for malnutrition. A detailed clinical examination was done. Thyroid function test and Serum albumin were done. Statistical analysis was performed.Results: Children with SAM have low levels of albumin, T3, T4, FT4 as compared to children with MAM. The difference was statistically significant (p value <0.01). The Serum TSH levels were comparable among two groups. Significant positive correlation between mean T3 and T4 levels of children with MAM with serum albumin was observed and significant positive correlation of T3, T4, and FT4 was observed in SAM. Serum TSH level in both categories does not correlate with serum albumin.Conclusions: Children with MAM and SAM have low albumin levels probably due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. Serum T3, T4 and FT4 levels are lower in children with MAM and SAM probably due to reduction in circulating plasma proteins.
A study of urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio as a biochemical marker of perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Chanpura Vaishali R. , Kacha Mayur G.
Published: May 2022

Background: Perinatal asphyxia remains an important cause of neonatal mortality, morbidity and sequelae especially in developing countries. Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia is 1 to 6 per 1000 live births while incidence of hypoxic-ischemic injury is 0.3 to 2 per 1000 term infants. There was a need to identify neonates with asphyxia at risk for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and multi-organ dysfunction using simple bedside tests. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the efficacy of uric acid to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio in early spot urine samples as a diagnostic tool for perinatal asphyxia and to assess the relationship between urinary UA/Cr ratio and severity of HIE.Methods: This study was conducted on 49 neonates having asphyxia (cases) and 49 neonates without asphyxia (controls) born at a tertiary care hospital over 12 months. Spot urine samples were collected within 24 hours of life and sent for analysis. A UA/Cr ratio of >2.51 was taken as cut-off value.Results: The urinary UA/Cr ratio was found to be higher in asphyxiated infants (2.88±1.01) as compared to the control group (1.72±0.7, p<0.001). UUA/Cr ratio was significantly higher in infants with HIE stage 3 (3.65±1.4) as compared to infants with HIE stage 2 (2.62±0.76) and HIE stage 1 (2.71±0.4) (p<0.009). The cut-off UUA/Cr value of >2.51 has 71.43% sensitivity and 93.88% specificity.Conclusions: The UUA/Cr ratio is a simple and reliable screening test for early diagnosis and assessment of perinatal asphyxia.
Clinical and anthropological profile of children presenting with features of congenital heart disease at tertiary care centre
Authors: Doshi Mili , Jain Hemant , Saini Aashish
Published: May 2022

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and also contribute to significant amount of malnutrition in pediatric population. This study was conducted to know the clinical features and anthropological parameters in children with CHD.Methods: Children between the age group of 0-18 years with presenting complaints of CHD were enrolled. All relevant information of individual patient were collected. Detailed evaluation and physical examination along with detailed anthropometry measurements were taken. Echocardiograms were performed for definite diagnosis.Results: A total of 70 children were present during the study period. The most common age group for CHD was 1 month to 5 years with 66% (46 cases). Acyanotic heart diseases were observed in 72.9% of cases and cyanotic CHD was observed in 21.4% of cases. VSD was the most common acyanotic CHD with 41.1% cases while TOF was the most common cyanotic CHD with 67% cases. The most usual presenting symptoms in children with CHDs were breathlessness with 70% cases, failure to thrive in 57% cases and cough in 43% cases. Male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. The 63% children had weight-for-age of ≤3 SD while 61% children had height-for-age of ≤3 SD.Conclusions: Cyanotic CHDs were less common than acyanotic CHDs with infancy and early childhood being the most common age-groups for presentation. Malnutrition is common in children with CHD. Both height and weight were affected more in cyanotic group when compared to acyanotic group.
Rare association of obstructed supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with coarctation of aorta: case report
Authors: Mane Shrikant
Published: May 2022

Coexistence of TAPVC (total anomalous pulmonary venous connection) and coarctation of aorta rarely occurs. Newborn weighing 2.4 kg admitted in Sangli civil hospital NICU with respiratory distress with cyanosis. Chest X-ray of baby was suggestive of ground glass appearance of bilateral lung fields and cardiomegaly. SpO2 of baby was fluctuating between 85 to 90% on nasal CPAP. 2D echo showed baby was having obstructed supracardiac TAPVC with severe discrete post-ductal coarctation of aorta. There was stretched PFO shunting R-L and small PDA shunting R-L. Baby was planned for emergency surgery but couldn’t make it to operation theatre and succumbed within 30 hours of life. Till now there are very few case reports of TAPVC with coarctation but no case of obstructed supracardiac TAPVC with coarctation has been reported.
Nitride Materials: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties
Authors: Kerdoud Djahida , Benkafada Faouzia , Boussouf Nora , Benhamideche Chahrazed
Published: May 2022

Our research involves the preparation of transition metal nitrides of the composition Mn4N, NbN, Mo2N, TaN and ZrN. The synthesis of Li3N binary alkali metal nitride was also part of this work. Simple and cost-effective methods with relatively low impact on the environment have been privileged in the selection. The experimental work has focused on determining the optimum conditions of synthesis and the convenient high yield route to the desired nitrides, and ultimately improvement of the properties of the final materials. All samples were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction. Their structures will be discussed in more detail here. Optical band gap has been calculated from diffuse reflectance measurements. The air sensitivity of the nitrides was also probed.
The Statistical Law-Formeds and Range Correlations of the Professional Trends of Ege-Results in Saratov Region (2009–2012)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Firstov V. E. , Ivanov R. A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: May 2022

The experience of EGE monopoly entrance for the providence of state control level of pupils preparation shows that this kind of EGE model does not always correspond to the given aims. This model is sometimes too hard and needs some correction. The aim of this work, which is based on the analyses of such structure of EGE statistics of the results in Saratov region (2009-12) is to show that within the casual process theory it is possible to underline important social trends of pupils’ professional direction and carry out the EGE results as pedagogical demention in the open system for monitoring of education quality system. It gives the opportunity to realize a very important component of the forming system of Russian education quality measurement.
Typological Interpretations and Contradictions of Functioning of the Institutional Man
Authors:   Balashov Institute (branch) of Saratov State University, Artemov V. N.
Published: May 2022

In line with the institutionalization of institutional theory of public relations beginning to be considered as a variant of the stabilization and consolidation of the society, a guarantee of stability and steady evolution of the society. The article analyzes the different methodological approaches in the study of the conception of human that suggest a number of typological interpretations and contradictions of the institutional order of man and society. It leads to the conclusion that the multidisciplinary research institution begins to form a construct of man, claiming the central place of the object of institutionalism.
Cognitive Strategies Drift in Political Communication
Authors:   Saratov State University, Panteleev F.
Published: May 2022

The cognitive basis of the political communication is the alteration of the learning activity pattern in the process of a political text perception. The main factor of the alteration is the cognitive strategies drift. The drift takes place when the balance of the expansion strategy and the deepening strategy in the understanding process of the communication content changes. The arguments in support of psychological reality of the cognitive strategies drift are given; a suggestion of the cognitive strategies drift being a possible psychological device of memory and thinking interaction is made. Gnoseological complementary principle is used. The results of the research can be used in the analysis of political communication.
Uzay Ortamında Öğrenme ve Belleğe Etki Edebilecek Bazı Faktörlerin İrdelenmesi
Authors: SARITAŞ Serdar , ÖZ Pınar
Published: May 2022

İnsanoğlu, antik çağlardan günümüze kadar uzayı daima merak etmiş ve gözlemiştir. Nihayet bu gözlemler, 1900’lü yılların başından itibaren uzaya gitmeye evrilmiştir. Soğuk savaş yıllarında, Amerikalıların ve Rusların karşılıklı hamleleriyle başta yörüngeye, uydu, hayvan, insan gönderilmiş ve en nihayetinde aya insan gönderilerek bu yarış çok büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. Uzay, yeryüzünde yaşayan (tüm evrimsel süreçlerini dünyada gerçekleştiren) insan için ekstrem bir ortamdır ve uzaya giden insanları (astronot ve kozmonotlar) fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede; öğrenme ve bellek süreçlerine mikrogravitenin (buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ağırlıksızlık), radyasyonun (kozmik radyasyon, güneş patlamaları, vs) izolasyonun ve bazı diğer faktörlerin (cinsiyet, kültür ve dil gibi) etkileri irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Crosslinked organosulfur-based self-assembled monolayers: formation and applications
Authors: Yu Tianlang , Marquez Maria D. , Tran Hung-Vu , Lee T. Randall
Published: May 2022

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have found use in diverse applications that range from corrosion prevention to biosensing. However, for all of these applications, stability remains a key challenge for the utilization of SAMs. Over the last decade, intermolecular crosslinking as a method to enhance the thermal and chemical stability of SAMs has attracted increased attention from scientists and engineers. As such, this review introduces a variety of crosslinked SAMs: (1) aromatic thiol-based SAMs; (2) olefinic- and acetylenic-based alkanethiols; (3) other aliphatic alkanethiols; (4) silane-based alkanethiols; (5) boronic acid-based alkanethiols; and (6) crosslinked SAMs realized by hydrogen bonding. By offering insight into the structure-application relationships of the aforementioned SAMs, this review seeks to inspire researchers toward the development of new classes of SAMs with enhanced stabilities and working lifetimes.
REVISING SYNTACTIC INTERFERENCE ON CONVERSATION SCRIPTS BY CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS TEACHING METHOD
Authors: Putri Gita Ardiantari Ida Ayu
Published: May 2022

Abstract: This study is a research to the third semester of DIV Midwifery students of Kartini Polytechnique Denpasar on Bahasa Inggris I class. The purpose of this research are (1) to identify the syntactic interference of Indonesian Language into English found in conversation scripts written by the third semester of DIV Midwifery students and (2) to investigate the quality of English conversation scripts after the application of contrastive analysis method. The data of this study were taken from English conversation scripts written by the third semester of DIV Midwifery students of Kartini Polytechnique. The interview and observation method also used in collecting the data of this research to find out the students understanding in English syntactic structure. The data were grouped, tabulated and analyzed through sociolinguistic theory of interference that supported by Surface Strategy Taxonomy as well, and the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. Based on the analysis, the syntactic interferences found are in level of phrase, clause and sentence; and the error caused by omission, addition, and mis-formation. The interview and observation method showed the increase of the student understanding in English syntactic structure after the application of contrastive analysis method that effect the better quality of English conversation scripts.