bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combating Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with Moringa-Synthesized Silica Nanoparticles and Its Combination with Some Insecticides
Authors: Abd-Elnabi Amany D. , Badawy Mohamed E. I.
Published: October 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a major agricultural pest known for developing resistance to insecticides. This study investigated a novel approach to manage FAW by silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) synthesized from eco-friendly leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae). This green synthesis method offers a sustainable and potentially safer alternative to traditional chemical processes. SiNP formation was confirmed by various techniques: UV–visible spectrophotometer, X-ray spectroscopy with energy-dispersive (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The effectiveness of SiNPs alone and their combination with three common insecticides (emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, and chlorpyrifos) were evaluated against third instar larvae of fall armyworm. While SiNPs after 24 h by leaf dipping method recorded limited insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9947.59 mg/L), it significantly enhanced the potency of all three insecticides. Combining SiNPs with emamectin benzoate resulted in the most dramatic increase in effectiveness compared to the insecticide alone with LC50 = 0.295 mg/L and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. This research suggests that moringa extract can be a valuable resource for the green synthesis of nanoparticles potentially useful in pest control. This approach could potentially reduce the amount of insecticide needed for effective pest control, leading to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practice.
Plattformökosysteme und Presseerzeugnisse
Authors: Dewenter Ralf , Rösch Jürgen
Published: October 2024

Plattformökosysteme basieren typischerweise auf Plattformen, die mithilfe von Diensten und Inhalten die Aufmerksamkeit der Nutzer attrahieren, um diese dann den Werbekunden zu vermitteln. Oftmals werden die entsprechenden Inhalte jedoch nicht selbsterstellt, sondern vielmehr wie z. B. bei Presseerzeugnissen von Drittanbietern verlinkt. Die Verwertung der Inhalte erschöpft sich jedoch nicht auf eine Werbefinanzierung, sondern geht weit darüber hinaus. Im Rahmen einer sog. Envelopment-Strategie können damit z. B. Daten generiert, neue Angebote geschaffen und bestehende verbessert werden. Auch hilft es den Plattformen, Nutzer zu binden und länger im Ökosystem zu halten. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine Wertsteigerung des Ökosystems herbeiführen, die jedoch nur schwer zu bemessen ist. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Monetarisierung externer Inhalte am Beispiel der Presserzeugnisse.
Encoder embedding for general graph and node classification
Authors: Shen Cencheng
Published: October 2024

Graph encoder embedding, a recent technique for graph data, offers speed and scalability in producing vertex-level representations from binary graphs. In this paper, we extend the applicability of this method to a general graph model, which includes weighted graphs, distance matrices, and kernel matrices. We prove that the encoder embedding satisfies the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem on a per-observation basis. Under certain condition, it achieves asymptotic normality on a per-class basis, enabling optimal classification through discriminant analysis. These theoretical findings are validated through a series of experiments involving weighted graphs, as well as text and image data transformed into general graph representations using appropriate distance metrics.
Generalized Cesàro operators in the disc algebra and in Hardy spaces
Authors: Albanese Angela A. , Bonet José , Ricker Werner J.
Published: October 2024

Generalized Cesàro operators

$$C_t$$

C
t

, for

$$t\in [0,1)$$

t
∈
[
0
,
1
)

, are investigated when they act on the disc algebra

$$A({\mathbb {D}})$$

A
(
D
)

and on the Hardy spaces

$$H^p$$

H
p

, for

$$1\le p \le \infty $$

1
≤
p
≤
∞

. We study the continuity, compactness, spectrum and point spectrum of

$$C_t$$

C
t

as well as their linear dynamics and mean ergodicity on these spaces.
International Law-Making by the International Court of Justice and International Law Commission
Authors: Sender Omri
Published: October 2024

The book provides an unparalleled account of the links that draw together the International Court of Justice and the International Law Commission, exposing the depth of the relationship between these central organs of the international legal system and its profound, unintended impact. By drawing upon historical records, as well as interviews with members of both organs, the book reveals that the original vision for interaction between the Court and the Commission has been lost in time. It inquires not only into the cross-fertilization that may be traced in the output of each body but also into the more subtle ties that they nurture; it also shows how even the rare occasions of disagreement attest to the strength of the inter-institutional relationship rather than undermine it. All this throws light on the largely intangible process of international law-making and challenges the notion that international legislation is the sole preserve of States.
Three-dimensional eigensolutions of the unsteady compressible boundary-region equations
Authors: Duck Peter W. , Stephen Sharon O.
Published: October 2024

A previous paper of the authors (Duck & Stephen, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 917, 2021, A56) considered the effect of three-dimensional, temporally periodic, linear and incompressible disturbances on a Blasius boundary layer, in particular when the disturbance wavelength is both comparable to and longer than the boundary-layer thickness. This previous study revealed that, unlike the two-dimensional counterpart, a mode exists that exhibits regimes of downstream spatial growth. In this paper we extend the analysis to the compressible regime, based on the boundary-region equations methodology. The aforementioned unstable mode is seen to persist into the compressible regime, and is studied using a combination of numerical and asymptotic methods. The paper adopts several approaches. First is a numerical approach in which the spatial development of the disturbances is assessed. This then leads to a consideration of the far-downstream behaviour, using (several) asymptotic limits. Of some note, in addition to unstable modes found in the incompressible case, is the existence of a further class of instability, not found in the incompressible case (which is also analysed asymptotically), corresponding to what amounts to an inviscid instability. The far-downstream analysis enables a (sub-)classification into entropy and non-entropy modes. The former, according to this analysis, are spatially damped, with one caveat, as revealed by our marching procedure, which highlights how spatial development of disturbances can be important.
The impact of finite span and wing-tip vortices on a turbulent NACA0012 wing
Authors: Toosi Siavash , Peplinski A. , Schlatter P. , Vinuesa R.
Published: October 2024

High-fidelity simulations are conducted to investigate the turbulent boundary layers around a finite-span NACA0012 wing with a rounded wing-tip geometry at a chord-based Reynolds number of

$Re_c=200\,000$

and at various angles of attack up to

$10^\circ$

. The study aims to discern the differences between the boundary layers on the finite-span wing and those on infinite-span wings at equivalent angles of attack. The finite-span boundary layers exhibit: (i) an altered streamwise and a non-zero spanwise pressure gradient as a result of the variable downwash induced by the wing-tip vortices (an inviscid effect typical of finite-span wings); (ii) differences in the flow history at different wall-normal distances, caused by the variable flow angle in the wall-normal direction (due to constant pressure gradients and variable momentum normal to the wall); (iii) laminar flow entrainment into the turbulent boundary layers near the wing tip (due to a laminar–turbulent interface); and (iv) variations in boundary layer thickness across the span, attributed to the variable wall-normal velocity in that direction (a primarily inviscid effect). These physical effects are then used to explain the differences in the Reynolds stress profiles and other boundary layer quantities, including the reduced near-wall peak of the streamwise Reynolds stress and the elevated Reynolds stress levels near the boundary layer edge, both observed in the finite-span wings. Other aspects of the flow, such as the downstream development of wing-tip vortices and their interactions with the surrounding flow, are reserved for future investigations.
Teaching Grassroots Health Law, Policy and Advocacy: Service and Collaborative Learning
Authors: Watson Sidney D.
Published: October 2024

This column describes the history, mission, and work of Saint Louis University School of Law’s service-learning course Health Law, Policy and Advocacy: Grassroots Advocacy. Grassroots Advocacy allows law students to work with advocacy organizations on state and federal health policy initiatives, engaging in legislative and administrative advocacy and public education. The course uses community collaboration, community-led advocacy, and collaborative learning to train the next generation of health policy advocates for Missouri and the nation.
Teaching Structural Competency in Law School: Interdisciplinary Inspiration from Medical Legal Partnerships and Health-Related Disciplines to Meet ABA Standard 303(c)
Authors: Davis Sarah
Published: October 2024

Law Schools are now required to provide education to law students on bias, cross-cultural competency, and racism under ABA Standard 303(c). Law clinics, with their social justice orientation, have long taught about structural causes of bias and oppression and ways to intervene at system levels to prevent problems. Medical legal partnership (MLP) clinics have done so by employing concepts from social work and health science programs on structural competency. This article examines MLP and related curriculum to meet the ABA mandate.
Charity’s Neighborhoods
Authors: Crossley Mary A.
Published: October 2024

This tribute compares Charity Scott to Fred Rogers, highlighting how Charity nurtured health law colleagues’ unique gifts and built community. Continuing the neighborhood theme, it highlights encouraging developments relating to health, housing, and place: Medicaid housing supports and potential reparations for redlining-related health inequities.
ON THE LOWEST ZERO OF THE DEDEKIND ZETA FUNCTION
Authors: KALA SUSHANT
Published: October 2024

Let

$\zeta _K(s)$

denote the Dedekind zeta-function associated to a number field K. We give an effective upper bound for the height of the first nontrivial zero other than

$1/2$

of

$\zeta _K(s)$

under the generalised Riemann hypothesis. This is a refinement of the earlier bound obtained by Sami [‘Majoration du premier zéro de la fonction zêta de Dedekind’, Acta Arith.99(1) (2000), 61–65].
Deep neck space infections: a UK centre, two-year, retrospective review of 53 cases
Authors: Charlton Alexander , Simon Raul , Shanthakunalan Karthika , Simons Anthony
Published: October 2024

Objective

This retrospective study comprehensively assesses clinical characteristics, management, outcomes, and complications of deep neck space infections in adults at a UK ear, nose and throat tertiary centre.

Methods

Adult deep neck space infection patients from April 2019 to March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed using health records and picture archiving and communication system data. Demographics, presentation, microbiology, treatment, complications, and outcomes were analysed.

Results

Fifty-three patients (mean age: 53.8 years, M:F ratio 1.5:1) were studied. Deep neck space infections were polymicrobial in 29.4 per cent, with Streptococcus milleri group (64.7 per cent) occurring most frequently. Complications occurred in 20.8 per cent, including mediastinitis (13.2 per cent) and Lemierre's syndrome (7.5 per cent). Mortality was 5.7 per cent. Treatment included intensive care admission (32.1 per cent), tracheostomy (15.1 per cent), medical management alone (39.6 per cent), bedside peritonsillar abscess drainage (18.9 per cent), transcervical drainage (28.3 per cent), transoral drainage (13.2 per cent), and hot tonsillectomy (5.7 per cent). Patient age correlated with length of stay.

Conclusion

The study highlights deep neck space infection complexity, emphasising tailored management, effective antibiotics, and frequency and severity of complications. Comprehensive understanding of deep neck space infections can improve care and outcomes.
A matched pair analysis of outcomes after stapler-assisted pharyngeal closure following laryngectomy
Authors: Paulose Antony Abraham , Michael Rajiv Charles , Ramalingam Natarajan , Riju Jeyashanth , Gowri S Mahasampath , Abraham Lisa , Johns L Jino , Mathew Manu , Thomas Meera , Irodi Aparna
Published: October 2024

Objective

To compare perioperative and oncological outcomes between stapler and manual closure in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for advanced endolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Patients with advanced endolaryngeal tumours operated between July 2017 and July 2023 were retrospectively dichotomised into stapler closure and manual closure cohorts and compared.

Results

Seventy-one patients with a median age of 57 years were included in our study. The median surgical duration was 270 minutes for the manual closure cohort and 245 minutes for the stapler closure cohort. The pharyngo-cutaneous salivary fistula rate was 6 per cent less in the stapler closure cohort. The estimated mean survival was not significantly different 54.5 months (95 per cent, confidence interval 46.3–62.71) in the manual closure cohort versus 28.12 months (95 per cent, confidence interval 23.6–32.63) in the stapler closure cohort (p = 0.79).

Conclusion

Stapler closure can be used in endolaryngeal tumours, and it reduces operating time, thus facilitating efficient utilisation of operation time with non-inferior oncological outcomes as compared to traditional manual closure.
Serum calcium relative decline as a predictor of post thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia
Authors: Al Maawali Hamed , Al Badaai Yahya
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To assess the value of corrected calcium decline at 6 hours as a predictor of hypocalcaemia post total thyroidectomy by comparing it to the currently widely used intact parathyroid hormone.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from January 2016 to February 2020. Serum intact parathyroid hormone and corrected calcium data pre-operatively and 6 hours post-operatively were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare corrected calcium decline at 6 hours versus 6 hours for relative intact parathyroid hormone decline as predictors of hypocalcaemia, and the area under the curve for each metric was reported.

Results

Patients included in this analysis totalled 209. The receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that corrected calcium decline at 6 hours has a similar predictive value to 6 hours relative intact parathyroid hormone. The areas under the curves for predicting hypocalcaemia were 0.797 for corrected calcium decline at 6 hours and 0.737 for 6 hours relative intact parathyroid hormone, but the difference (0.06) was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that corrected calcium decline at 6 hours has a similar predictive value to 6 hours relative intact parathyroid hormone and hence has the potential to predict post-operative hypocalcaemia.
San Martín's accurate longitude measurements on Magellan's circumnavigation: luck or mastery?
Authors: Gaspar Romeu
Published: October 2024

During the 1519–1522 Magellan expedition, the astronomer Andrés de San Martín made two remarkably accurate longitude measurements, an order of magnitude better than what was typical for the 16th century. How he managed to do so remained shrouded in mystery for the past 500 years. Using modern ephemerides, we have retraced San Martín's observations and calculated their error signatures, clarifying the method he used (a simplified version of lunar distances) and why two out of his six measurements were accurate (a rather fortuitous cancellation of errors). It would be rash to dismiss San Martín's work as sheer luck though, as he was an exceedingly rare combination of a capable astronomer and a knowledgeable mariner.
Are ideological and partisan affinities determining voters’ support of arms deliveries? Insights from a large-scale survey experiment in France and Germany
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Thurner Paul W.
Published: October 2024

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine raised for many parties the question of how to position themselves in view of urgently requested arms deliveries. Since, the topic of arms trade, which has hitherto rarely been addressed, has become a heavily politicized and divisive issue and partly even polarized public opinion. A major prerequisite for parties’ position-taking is to anticipate how voters react to such arms transfers and, more specifically, whether their respective attitudes are structured along the predominant left-right axis. Based on a large-scale survey experiment with French and German voters ($N = 6617$) in the year before the Russian invasion, we are able to focus on the relationship between ideological predispositions, vote intentions, and issue attitudes in a non-politicized period. Using both vignette and conjoint experiments, we demonstrate that voters’ attitudes on military transfers can be subsumed remarkably well under the left-right scale. Differentiating the impact of normative and economic considerations, the former is stronger among the left, while the latter also affects the attitudes of rightist citizens. However, normative considerations are the most important concern along the whole political spectrum. The turn of the German Green Party in 2022 to assist countries that are being aggressively attacked (because of the Responsibility to Protect), was not reflected in our data.
Legislative communication and power: measuring leadership in the U.S. House of Representatives from social media data
Authors: Ebanks Daniel , Yan Hao , Alvarez R. Michael , Das Sanmay , Sinclair Betsy
Published: October 2024

Control over the legislative messaging agenda has important political, electoral and policy consequences. Existing models of congressional agenda-setting suggest that national polarization drives the agenda. At the same time, models of home style and formal models of leadership hypothesize that legislators shift their messaging as they balance coordination and information problems. We say the coordination problem dominates when conditions incentivize legislators to agree on the same message rather than fail to reach consensus. Conversely, the information problem is said to dominate in circumstances where legislators prefer to say nothing at all rather than reach consensus on the wrong political message. Formal theories predict that when coordination problems are pressing, legislative members follow the policy positions of party leaders. When their party’s information problem is acute, party members instead rely on the wisdom of the caucus to set the party’s agenda. To test these theories, we analyze the Twitter accounts of U.S. House members with a Joint Sentiment Topic model, generating a new understanding of House leadership power. Our analyses reveal complex leader-follower relationships. Party leaders possess the power to substantially affect the propensity of rank-and-file members to discuss topics, especially when the coordination problem dominates; these effects are pronounced even when coordination problems are pressing. That said, when the underlying politics are unclear, rank-and-file members exert influence on the discussion of a topic because the information problem is more acute. At the same time and for these uncertain topics, leadership influence decreases, consistent with theory. We show these results are robust to the underlying dynamics of contemporary political discussion and context, including leading explanations for party leadership power, such as national polarization.
Adaptive teaching: Latin and the use of digital parsing tools
Authors: Coe Rebecca , Cope Emma , Hunt Steven
Published: October 2024

The Initial Teacher Training (ITT) Common Core Framework (CCF) requires all teachers to adapt classroom teaching to support all students (Department for Education, 2024). While the Department for Education's previously-encouraged concept of ‘differentiation’ was well-intentioned, in that tasks were meant to be graded to support and develop all students' learning in a class where there were many different levels of prior attainment, it tended to mean that in practice in the classroom different tasks were often set to cater to the supposed different learning attributes of students. Differentiation has now been superseded by the concept of ‘adaptive teaching’. Adaptive teaching is characterised by teaching that takes account of the range in prior attainment of students and anticipates barriers to learning by providing resources or specific support so that they may all achieve the same intended outcomes. Classics teaching is often characterised by the reading of large amounts of text, both in the original languages of Latin or ancient Greek or in translation. Students in the Classics classroom contain a wide range of prior attainment, cultural experiences and may have barriers to learning, such as Special Educational Needs and Disabilities. This article presents findings of how the use of a blended language approach, involving the digital parsing tools in the Cambridge Latin Course and Suburani Latin course books, improved the quantity of translation of Latin achieved by students of mixed prior attainment and encouraged a more effective use of classroom time to develop deeper comprehension and understanding of the translated texts.
Feedbacks From Young Permafrost Carbon Remobilization to the Deglacial Methane Rise
Authors: Sabino M. , Gustafsson Ö. , Wild B. , Semiletov I. P. , Dudarev O. V. , Ingrosso G. , Tesi T.
Published: October 2024

The abrupt warming events punctuating the Termination 1 (about 11.7–18 ka Before Present, BP) were marked by sharp rises in the concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4). The role of permafrost organic carbon (OC) in these rises is still debated, with studies based on top‐down measurements of radiocarbon (14C) content of CH4 trapped in ice cores suggesting minimum contributions from old and strongly 14C‐depleted permafrost OC. However, organic matter from permafrost can exhibit a continuum of 14C ages (contemporaneous to >50 ky). Here, we investigate the large‐scale permafrost remobilization at the Younger Dryas‐Preboreal transition (ca. 11.6 ka BP) using the sedimentary record deposited at the Lena River paleo‐outlet (Arctic Ocean) to reflect permafrost destabilization in this vast drainage basin. Terrestrial OC was isolated from sediments and characterized geochemically measuring δ13C, Δ14C, and lignin phenol molecular fossils. Results indicate massive remobilization of relatively young (about 2,600 years) permafrost OC from inland Siberia after abrupt warming triggered severe active layer deepening. Methane emissions from this young fraction of permafrost OC contributed to the deglacial CH4 rise. This study stresses that underestimating permafrost complexities may affect our comprehension of the deglacial permafrost OC‐climate feedback and helps understand how modern permafrost systems may react to rapid warming events, including enhanced CH4 emissions that would amplify anthropogenic climate change.
The Inter‐Hemispheric Oscillation of Atmospheric Mass on Synoptic Timescale in Boreal Winter and Its Association With Rossby Waves
Authors: Hu Yang , Guan Zhaoyong , Qiao Nian
Published: October 2024

The atmospheric circulation in the northern hemisphere interacts with that in the southern hemisphere mainly via lateral coupling and atmospheric mass exchanges across equator. Using the NCEP‐NCAR daily reanalysis over period 1979–2019, we examine the Inter‐Hemispheric Oscillation (IHO) on the synoptic timescale during boreal winter and its associations with Rossby waves by employing a 9‐day high‐pass filter and the time‐lag regression method. Our results demonstrate that the IHO exist in the surface air pressure anomalies on synoptic timescale which links to both the quasi‐stationary and migratory Rossby waves with large amplitudes in the mid‐ and high‐ latitudes from the troposphere up to the stratosphere. The synoptic‐IHO related quasi‐stationary waves appear mainly in zonal, roughly dominated by waves with wave‐number 1–7 at different latitudes. These waves disperse the wave energy eastward along westerly jet streams. On the other hand, the synoptic‐IHO related migratory Rossby waves are mainly observed in mid latitudes between 30°N–65°N and 30°S–60°S with stronger intensity in northern than in southern hemisphere. The phase speed of these waves is roughly estimated at about 9.5lon/d. The energy of intrinsic Rossby waves also propagates mainly eastward. The synoptic‐IHO has important impacts on surface air temperature via both the quasi‐stationary and migratory Rossby waves, inducing significant temperature changes over both Eurasian continent and North America as estimated from 40 winters. All the results are beneficial for us to better understand the IHO along with its interaction with Rossby waves and the formation mechanisms of cold weather and climate extremes during boreal winter.
Quantifying the Wind‐Induced Bias of Rainfall Measurements for the Thies CLIMA Optical Disdrometer
Authors: Chinchella E. , Cauteruccio A. , Lanza L. G.
Published: October 2024

The wind‐induced bias of rainfall measurements obtained from non‐catching instruments is addressed in this work with reference to the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) optical disdrometer manufactured by Thies CLIMA. A numerical simulation approach is adopted to quantify the expected bias, involving three different models with increasing complexity. Computational Fluid‐Dynamics simulation of the airflow field around the instrument with an embedded Lagrangian particle‐tracking module to obtain raindrop trajectories are performed by solving the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes (URANS) equations and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. URANS‐uncoupled, LES‐uncoupled, and LES‐coupled approaches are tested to assess the impact of modeling the airflow turbulent fluctuations in detail. Due to the non‐radially symmetric external shape of the instrument, various combinations of the wind speed and direction are considered. Catch ratios for monodisperse rain are obtained as a function of the particle Reynolds number and the wind direction and fitted to obtain site‐independent curves to support application of the simulation results. Based on literature expressions to link the drop size distribution of real rainfall events with the rainfall intensity (which instead depend on the local rainfall climatology at the measurement site), sample collection efficiency curves are obtained from the catch ratios of monodisperse rain. The resulting adjustment curves allow rainfall measurements to be corrected using either a real‐time or post‐processing approach. However, at high wind speed and assuming that the wind blows parallel to the instrument sensing area, the instrument may fail to report precipitation altogether.
Mutation of the SUMOylation site of Aurora-B disrupts spindle formation and chromosome alignment in oocytes
Authors: Chen Shan-Shan , Li Li , Yao Bo , Guo Jia-Lun , Lu Ping-Shuang , Zhang Hao-Lin , Zhang Kun-Huan , Zou Yuan-Jing , Luo Nan-Jian , Sun Shao-Chen , Hu Lin-Lin , Ren Yan-Ping
Published: October 2024

Aurora-B is a kinase that regulates spindle assembly and kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment during mitosis and meiosis. SUMOylation is involved in the oocyte meiosis regulation through promoting spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, but its substrates to support this function is still unknown. It is reported that Aurora-B is SUMOylated in somatic cells, and SUMOylated Aurora-B contributes the process of mitosis. However, whether Aurora-B is SUMOylated in oocytes and how SUMOylation of Aurora-B impacts its function in oocyte meiosis remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that Aurora-B is modified by SUMOylation in mouse oocytes. The results show that Aurora-B colocalized and interacted with SUMO-2/3 in mouse oocytes, confirming that Aurora-B is modified by SUMO-2/3 in this system. Compared with that in young mice, the protein expression of SUMO-2/3 decreased in the oocytes of aged mice, indicating that SUMOylation might be related to mouse aging. Overexpression of Aurora-B SUMOylation site mutants, Aurora-BK207R and Aurora-BK292R, inhibited Aurora-B recruitment and first polar body extrusion, disrupting localization of gamma tubulin, spindle formation and chromosome alignment in oocytes. The results show that it was related to decreased recruitment of p-HDAC6 which induces the high stability of whole spindle microtubules including the microtubules of both correct and wrong KT-MT attachments though increased acetylation of microtubules. Therefore, our results corroborate the notion that Aurora-B activity is regulated by SUMO-2/3 in oocytes, and that SUMOylated Aurora B plays an important role in spindle formation and chromosome alignment.
Changes in breast cancer incidence and surgical treatment in Baden–Württemberg (Germany) during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jansen Lina , Hermann Silke , Bergbold Susanne , Arndt Volker
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the diagnostics and treatment of breast cancer. Numerous studies reported an early decline in breast cancer (BC) incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Less evidence is available on changes in medical care. Reports from individual patients have provided anecdotal evidence for a shift from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy to reduce the number of visits to radiation units during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore changes in BC incidence and surgical treatment in the south of Germany. Using data from the Baden-Württemberg Cancer Registry, the age-standardized incidence of BC (ICD-10 C50 and D05) (women) in 2018–2021 was investigated overall and by age and stage using standardized incidence ratios. Among pre-operative stage I/IIA BC patients, differences in the time to surgery and type of surgery were investigated using negative binomial and logistic regression models. The incidence of invasive BC decreased significantly from 170.9 per 100,000 women in 2018/2019 to 159.7 in 2020 and increased to 169.2 in 2021. This decrease resulted from a lower incidence around April 2020 and was also observed for non-invasive BC. In 2021, incidence of invasive BC was still decreased by 8% in women aged 80 + years. Surgical treatment was analyzed in 22,708 BC patients with a pre-operative stage ≤ IIA. The median time to surgery was 33 days in 2018/2019, 32 days in 2020 and 36 days in 2021. The proportion of mastectomies increased from 16.1% in 2018/2019 to 17.1% in 2020 and 17.3% in 2021 (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (2021 vs. 2018/2019): 1.13 (1.03–1.24)). The adjusted increase was strongest for patients aged 50–59 years (1.34 (1.09–1.64)) and those with high-grade tumors (1.27 (1.07–1.51)). While the early return to pre-pandemic age-standardized BC incidence rates is promising, missed cases have not been caught up until 2021. Furthermore, the decreased incidence in elderly women in 2021 warrants further attention. In early-stage BC, a slightly greater rate of mastectomies was observed, although such a change was not recommended. This result underlines the importance of good communication of adapted treatment guidelines in such exceptional circumstances.
Solvent mediated synthesis of multicolor narrow bandwidth emissive carbon quantum dots and their potential in white light emitting diodes
Authors: Sami Mohamed , El-Khouly Mohamed E. , Ghali Mohsen
Published: October 2024

The development of efficient and environmentally sustainable materials for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) is of paramount importance in the field of lighting technology. In this study, we present a solvent-modulated synthesis approach for the fabrication of multicolor narrow-bandwidth emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a promising solution for constructing WLEDs. The synthesis method involves the controlled reaction of organic precursors in different solvent environments, leading to the formation of CQDs with distinct emission wavelengths with a relatively small full width at half maximum, ranging from 28 to 42 nm. Moreover, these synthesized multicolor CQDs demonstrate a remarkably high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 65%, indicating their potential for constructing efficient WLED when incorporated in polymer matrix and coated on the surface of blue light-emitting diode (LED).
Groundwater-surface interaction amplified post-seismic streamflow fluctuation
Authors: Wang Chi-Yuen , Wang Lee-Ping , Manga Michael , Liang Xiuyu
Published: October 2024

Following the 2014 South Napa earthquake near the end of a long drought in Central California, streamflow in Sonoma Creek increased and showed amplified daily fluctuation. However, no such changes occurred in the shallow groundwater. Here we show that the amplified fluctuation reflected increased interaction between the post-seismic rising water table and plant roots in the riparian zone, according to results from numerical simulation constrained by streamflow data and hydraulic properties of riparian sediments. Evapotranspiration during the day kept the water table low beneath the riparian zone, lowering the discharge to the stream. At night, the water table rose and increased discharge to the stream. The study also show substantial spatial difference in earthquake-induced interactions between groundwater and the surface, which may influence our understanding of the spatial scale of earthquake impacts on vegetation and ecosystems.
Generation of nanobodies with conformational specificity for tau oligomers that recognize tau aggregates from human Alzheimer's disease samples
Authors: McArthur Nikki , Squire Jay D. , Onyeachonam Ogechukwu J. , Bhatt Nemil N. , Jerez Cynthia , Holberton Abigail L. , Tessier Peter M. , Wood Levi B. , Kayed Rakez , Kane Ravi S.
Published: October 2024

Nanobodies OT2.4 and OT2.6 bind with conformational specificity to recombinant tau oligomers over monomeric and fibrillar tau. These nanobodies recognize tau oligomers present in brain samples from Alzheimer's disease patients.
Solution plasma synthesis of α-amino acids
Authors: Wang Changhua , Zhang Yutong , Li Yuanyuan , Rong Yinhe , Zhang Xintong
Published: October 2024

This work uses solution plasma for easier control of amino acid synthesis, successfully producing rare serine, achieving green and low-carbon synthesis from small molecules to amino acids.
Topology-selective photo-crosslinking of G-quadruplexes via dual G-quartet and groove recognition
Authors: Ishikawa Ryo , Yanagita Kazuki , Shimada Sayuri , Sasaki Shogo , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Ma Yue , Nagasawa Kazuo , Tera Masayuki
Published: October 2024

The novel photo-crosslinking ligand 6OTD-Bp, bearing an alkylamine benzophenone (Bp) with macrocyclic hexaoxazole (6OTD), was shown to preferentially ligate with hybrid G4s through recognizing both G-quartets and their wide groove.
Polymeric membrane ion-selective electrode based on potential-modulated ion transfer: ultrasensitive measurement of oceanic pH
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Yuanxin , Jiang Tianjia , Liang Rongning , Qin Wei
Published: October 2024

A simple approach to improve the precision of potentiometric sensors is proposed based on potential-modulated ion transfer without memory effects.
Asymmetric cyclopropanation via an electro-organocatalytic cascade
Authors: Krech Anastasiya , Laktsevich-Iskryk Marharyta , Deil Nora , Fokin Mihhail , Kimm Mariliis , Ošeka Maksim
Published: October 2024

The work demonstrates the successful merger of electrochemistry with asymmetric iminium ion organocatalysis.
Fundamental basis of mechanochemical reactivity
Authors: Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Delogu Francesco
Published: October 2024

This themed collection includes a collection of articles on the fundamental basis of mechanochemical reactivity.
Introduction of 1D rGO nanoribbons as spacers between 2D MXenes for a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Zhou Yan , Li Cancan , Wang Qi , Fang Bijun , Shi Yi , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning
Published: October 2024

Reduced graphene oxides with unique one-dimension nanoribbon structures were introduced into Ti3C2TX MXenes for inhibiting self-stacking, thus simultaneously improving the ion transmission dynamics and performances of MXene-based supercapacitors.
DFT-based 11B solid-state NMR calculations for guiding fine local structure identification and phase-property modulation in ZnxY1−xBO3–0.5x borate oxide ion conductors
Authors: Gou Yuan , Li Xiaohui , Wang Xiaoge , Zhang Mengjia , Zhang Jinxiao , Li Qiang , Xing Xianran , Kuang Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

DFT-based 11B NMR aided by 3D cRED method identified multiple 11B NMR signals for complex (BO)n anions and phase formation in Zn-doped YBO3, giving new insights into the local structure and phase-property modulation of inorganic functional materials.
Oxygen redox activities governing high-voltage charging reversibility of Ni-rich layered cathodes
Authors: Lee Gi-Hyeok , Lee Suwon , Zhang Jiliang , Rinkel Bernardine L. D. , Crafton Matthew J. , Zhuo Zengqing , Choi Youngju , Li Jialu , Yang Junghoon , Heo Jongwook W. , Park Byungchun , McCloskey Bryan D. , Avdeev Maxim , Yang Wanli , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: October 2024

A schematic illustration indicative of the improved structural reversibility through stabilizing oxidized oxygen by Al doping.
Recent progresses in the modification strategies of MXene-based membranes for water and wastewater treatments
Authors: Du Yingchao , Yu Jingyu , Chen Baoliang , Zhu Xiaoying
Published: October 2024

MXene, a type of two-dimensional material, has garnered significant interest as a promising next-generation membrane material. This work elucidates the modification strategies employed by MXene-based membranes and evaluates their performances.
A miniaturized microplasma excitation source coupled with photochemically induced volatile species generation as a cost-effective tool for in situ mercury pollution analyses
Authors: Klis Tymoteusz , Pohl Pawel , Dzimitrowicz Anna , Jamroz Piotr
Published: October 2024

A portable, miniaturized atmospheric microplasma discharge system coupled with the photochemical vapour generation was developed for the sensitive Hg determination in water samples using OES.
Dual cross-linked cellulose based hydrogel films
Authors: Thomas Neethu , Moussaoui Saphia , Reyes-Suárez Braulio , Lafon Olivier , Reddy G. N. Manjunatha
Published: October 2024

Stable and transparent hydrogel films made by dual-cross-linking carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with citric acid (CA) and multivalent Al cations open up opportunities for a number of unexplored applications.
Introduction to the themed collection in honour of Professor Christian Leumann
Authors: Hollenstein Marcel , Stulz Eugen
Published: October 2024

Marcel Hollenstein and Eugen Stulz introduce the cross-journal themed collection celebrating Christian Leumann’s retirement.
Smart chitosan Schiff base ferrite: a dual-action visible light photocatalyst for dye degradation and antimicrobial defense
Authors: Wani Musaib Y. , Shah Shakeel A.
Published: October 2024

This study presents the synthesis and applications of visible-light photocatalyst for environmental remediation.
Facet-dependent adsorption of safranin dye and phosphate ions by synthesized hematite nanorods derived from natural lateritic iron ore: steric and energetic investigations
Authors: Mostafa Dina , Shehata Nabila , Shaban Mohamed , Alqhtani Haifa A. , Allam Ahmed A. , Abukhadra Mostafa R.
Published: October 2024

Natural lateritic iron was subjected to a morphological transformation process based on a simple alkaline hydrothermal treatment process, producing well-developed hematite nanorods (HM24).
Low-frequency noise in nanoparticle–molecule networks and implications for in materio reservoir computing
Authors: Huez Cécile , Guérin David , Volatron Florence , Proust Anna , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: October 2024

We study low-frequency noise in nanoparticle-memory-networks (NMNs) with various molecules. The origins of noise are discussed, the noise behaviors are used as a metric to select NMNs for hardware implementation of reservoir computing.
Recognizing the reactive sites of SnFe2O4 for the oxygen evolution reaction: the synergistic effect of SnII and FeIII in stabilizing reaction intermediates
Authors: Rajput Anubha , Sivasakthi Pandiyan , Samanta Pralok K. , Chakraborty Biswarup
Published: October 2024

A combination of electro-kinetics and computational study establishes the synergetic effect of Sn(ii) and Fe(iii) sites on the SnFe2O4 surface to promote hydroperoxo (*OOH) formation as the rate-limiting step of the oxygen evolution reaction.
Controlling the optical properties of chiral nematic mesoporous organosilica films with bioadditives
Authors: Szymkowiak Joanna K. , Andrew Lucas J. , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: October 2024

Chiral nematic mesoporous organosilica (CNMO) films have unique iridescent properties that make them attractive candidates for decorations, sensing and photonics.
Nanocatalysis in cathode pre-lithiation for lithium-ion batteries: progress and challenges
Authors: Niu Fujun , Qiu Liang , Chen Huai , Chen Xinyu , Kong Xiangpeng , Rong Qiang , Xiong Junqiao , Guo Yang , Cai Zhijian , Shen Shaohua
Published: October 2024

This review focuses on nanocatalysis in cathode pre-lithiation, summarizes recent progress in versatile nanocatalysts for efficient pre-lithiation additive decomposition and highlights future challenges and directions for commercialization.
Palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization of α,β-unsaturated N-tosylhydrazones with iodoarenes: access to 2H-chromenes and 2H-quinolines
Authors: Zheng Yiyi , Zhu Xi-Wei , Pan Yi-Yun , Sun Fei , Yao Long , Wu Xin-Xing
Published: October 2024

A palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction of α,β-unsaturated N-tosylhydrazones with iodoarene derivatives containing a nucleophilic group is described.
Assembly of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes via photocatalytic defluorocyanoalkylation and defluoroacylation of α-CF3 styrenes with oxime esters
Authors: Ai Chan , Wang Tao , Bao Yu , Yan Shenghu , Zhang Yue , Wang Jia-Yin
Published: October 2024

We report an efficient photocatalytic protocol for the defluorocyanoalkylation and defluoroacylation of α-trifluoromethyl styrenes by utilizing oxime esters as radical donors, allowing for the preparation of diverse gem-difluoroalkenes.
Recent advances in the enantioselective synthesis of chiral sulfones via asymmetric hydrogenation
Authors: Wu Xiaoxue , Hou Guohua
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the progress achieved in transition-metal (ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, and nickel) catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated sulfones including substrate scopes, catalytic mechanisms, and applications.
A formally exact theory to construct nonreactive forcefields using linear regression to optimize bonded parameters
Authors: Manz Thomas A.
Published: October 2024

This article derives and tests: (1) a formally exact forcefield functional theory to construct non-reactive forcefields using linear regression for bonded parameters and (2) better bond-stretch and angle-bending model potentials.
Porous hydrogel microspheres with excellent temperature-sensitive, magnetic and fluorescent properties for drug delivery
Authors: Tang Shilin , He Chen , Zhu Haie , Wen Zhenyang , Zhang Xiaoling , Liu Qifeng , Tang Bo , Xia Tian , Yang Chaolong
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a porous magnetic fluorescent temperature-sensitive hydrogel microsphere for drug carriers, mainly consists of magnetic fluorescent nanospheres and PNIPAM. Both the loading amount and release rate of BSA can be controlled.
Influence of suspended cenospheres on the mechanical characteristics and wear loss of natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites: implications for biomedical applications and sustainable material management
Authors: Basavaraju Bennehalli , Nagaraja Santhosh , Banagar Ashok R. , Srinivasa C. V. , Ramesh B. T. , Ramdan Deden , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam
Published: October 2024

The need for non-conventional natural fibres for synthesis of hybrid composites has gained momentum in the recent past.
An elegant approach for the synthesis of multisubstituted imidazole via FeCl3/SiO2 catalyzed activation of acetals: a photophysical study of an imidazole–carbazole hybrid
Authors: Das Barnali , Bhattacharyya Arghyadeep , Paul Bhaswati , Natarajan Ramalingam , Majumdar Swapan
Published: October 2024

Here, synthesis of substituted imidazoles from benzil, protected carbonyl and NH4OAc/primary amine in the presence of a FeCl3/SiO2 catalyst is reported. The photophysical property of the synthesized imidazole–carbazole hybrid is also investigated.
Retraction: Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe3+ ions
Authors: Picard Maisyn , Thakur Suman , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: October 2024

Retraction of ‘Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe3+ ions’ by Maisyn Picard et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 8628–8637, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA10051A.
Large and long-term photon energy storage in diazetidines via [2+2] photocycloaddition
Authors: Nguyen Han P. Q. , Mukherjee Anurag , Usuba Junichi , Wan Joshua , Han Grace G. D.
Published: October 2024

Photo-cycloadduct diazetidines exhibit high energy storage densities exceeding 0.3 MJ kg−1, offering long-term energy storage for up to 23 years and rapid solvent-assisted energy release.
Installation of superacidic carbon acid moieties into polymer materials via post-polymerization modification
Authors: Kakuchi Ryohei , Oguchi Takuma , Kuroiwa Minoru , Hirashima Yu , Omichi Masaaki , Seko Noriaki , Yanai Hikaru
Published: October 2024

Feasible and straightforward installation of super carbon acid moieties onto polymer materials.
Non-innocent P-centers in nonbenzenoid polycyclic aromatic molecules with tunable structures and properties
Authors: Li Can , Zhou Wei , Liu Zhaoxin , Gao Rong , Mi Qixi , Ning Zhijun , Ren Yi
Published: October 2024

Implanting heteroatoms into polycyclic aromatic molecules (PAMs) offers a great opportunity to fine-tune their optoelectronic properties.
Controlling the thermodynamic stability of conformational isomers of bistricyclic aromatic enes by introducing boron and silicon atoms
Authors: Yamada Kohei , Adachi Yohei , Ohshita Joji
Published: October 2024

Boron/silicon hybrid bistricyclic aromatic enes (BAEs) exhibited small energy difference between isomers, resulting in thermochromic and mechanochromic properties. Chemochromism was also observed due to the reactivity of the boron.
A critical review on the production and upgradation of sustainable biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of Canadian-grown agricultural biomass
Authors: Chaudhary Vasu , Awadakkam Sreenavya , Borugadda Venu Babu , Dalai Ajay K.
Published: October 2024

Oxygenated biocrude produced from hydrothermal liquefaction is of great interest as it originated from renewable feedstocks.
Linking local microstructure to fracture location in a two-dimensional amorphous solid under isotropic strain
Authors: Huisman Max , Huerre Axel , Saha Saikat , Crocker John C. , Garbin Valeria
Published: October 2024

Machine learning predicts possible crack location in experiments of a fracturing colloid monolayer, shown along with the actual crack path.
Bubble dynamics manipulation in polymeric foaming
Authors: Miele Lorenzo , Abate Antonio , Taki Kentaro , Di Maio Ernesto
Published: October 2024

The inverse pressure quenching treatment is proposed to decouple bubble nucleation from growth, advancing our understanding of the physics governing bubble growth and evolution in polymer foaming.