bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hardware-Accelerated Neural Network Model for Early Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Arrest Based on Heart Rate Variability Metrics
Authors: Pan Sheng-Yueh , Nguyen Duc Huy , Chao Paul C.-P.
Published: February 2024

Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) constitutes a dire medical condition, marked by the abrupt cessation of effective blood circulation due to the heart's failure to contract properly. This leads to acute circulatory collapse, often culminating in loss of consciousness within an hour and potentially resulting in fatality within minutes if left unattended. Heart rate variability (HRV) serves as a critical biometric, derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals through QRS wave detection algorithms that calculate the R-R Intervals (RRI). These intervals provide the basis for extracting various characteristics of cardiac rhythm, encompassing time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear features. This study presents a neural network-based classification algorithm that leverages HRV metrics to categorize patients into SCA and Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) cohorts. Utilizing k-fold cross-validation, the devised neural network (NN) model demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 87.88%, a sensitivity of 88.89%, and a specificity of 87.87% in preemptively identifying SCA up to 55 minutes prior to occurrence. In order to harness the benefits of hardware acceleration, the algorithm is instantiated on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Its computational efficiency is subsequently benchmarked against traditional software-based methodologies. The hardware-level implementation is made possible in Verilog HDL and was verified successfully with expected performance by Register-Transfer Level (RTL) simulation via Vivado 2020.2.
The relationship between allergic rhinitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Ruikun , Li Mengyao , Liang Jieqiong , Zhan Xiaojun , Lu Yingxia , Huang Guimin , Gu Qinglong
Published: February 2024

Background. Numerous investigations have examined the potential link between allergic rhinitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, there are studies that show no association between the two diseases. The connection between these two conditions remains inconclusive. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis exploring the correlation between AR and ADHD.Methods. We conducted systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ERIC, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, up to the year 2023. Subsequently, we conducted a meta-analysis using R 4.2.2, where we computed the pooled Odds Ratio with a 95% Confidence Interval to assess the relationship between AR and ADHD within studies exhibiting similar characteristics. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by computing the value using the Cochrane Intervention Manual's guidelines. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying the study population according to gender, age, etc. Sensitivity analysis was performed by systematically removing individual studies.Results. In this systematic review, we incorporated 12 eligible studies, collectively encompassing a sample size of 530,360 participants. Within the included studies, heterogeneity was observed, and the utilization of a random-effects model demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between children with ADHD and the presence of AR. Similarly, children with AR exhibited a significant correlation with the occurrence of ADHD. We also found some relationships in subgroup analyses.Conclusion. A substantial correlation is evident between AR and ADHD in children and adolescents. AR may potentially contribute as a risk factor for the onset of ADHD, and conversely, ADHD may heighten the likelihood of developing AR.
Discovery of antimalarial drugs from secondary metabolitesin actinomycetes culture library
Authors: Teklemichael Awet Alem , Teshima Aiko , Hirata Asahi , Akimoto Momoko , Taniguchi Mayumi , Khodakaramian Gholam , Fujimura Takashi , Tokumasu Fuyuki , Arakawa Kenji , Mizukami Shusaku
Published: February 2024

Background
Scientists renewed interest in the discovery of drugs from natural products and therefore they continue to play a key role as a potential source of biologically active substances for the discovery of new drugs. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite of actinomycete library extracts that are potent against asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum).
Methods
Isolation of secondary metabolite of actinomycete library extracts were conducted using ethyl acetate extraction from the culture supernatant. A comprehensive screening was performed to identify novel antimalarial compounds from secondary metabolites in Actinomycete library extracts (n = 28). The antimalarial activity was initially evaluated in vitro against chloroquine/mefloquine-sensitive (3D7) and-resistant (Dd2) lines of P. falciparum. The cytotoxicity was also evaluated using primary adult mouse brain (AMB) cells.
Results
Out of 28 secondary metabolites of actinomycete extracts, seventeen of which showed a parasite growth inhibition > 50% at 50 µg/mL, nine hits were identified with the IC50 < 10 µg/mL, seven of which were suppressing the parasite significantly with the IC50 < 5 µg/mL. The extracts from Streptomyces aureus strains HUT6003 (Extract ID number: 2) and antibioticus HUT6035 (8), and Streptomyces sp. strains GK3 (26) and GK7 (27), were found to have the most potent antimalarial activity with the IC50 0.39, 0.09, 0.97, and 0.36 µg/mL (against 3D7), and 0.26, 0.22, 0.72, and 0.21 µg/mL (against Dd2), respectively. Among them, Streptomyces antibioticus strain HUT6035 (8) showed the highest antimalarial activity with IC50 0.09 against 3D7 and 0.22 against Dd2 with a selective index (SI) of 188 and 73.7, respectively.
Conclusion
Secondary metabolite(s) of actinomycete extracts showed promising antimalarial activity against 3D7 and Dd2 lines of P. falciparum in vitro with minimal toxicity. Therefore, a secondary metabolite of actinomycete extracts represents an excellent starting point toward the development of antimalarial drug leads.
A cross-sectional study of sports food consumption patterns, experiences, and perceptions amongst non-athletes
Authors: Chapple Celeste Irene , Burnett Alissa J , Woods Julie L , Russell Catherine G
Published: February 2024

Background
Sports foods are designed for athletes, yet over the last decade there has been a substantial increase in the availability, types, and sales of sports foods in mainstream retailers, likely driven through consumption by non-athletes. This could lead to detrimental health outcomes via over/misuse or unwanted side-effects. This study aimed to describe sports food consumption patterns, drivers associated with consumption, describe the reasons why they are consumed, perception of risks, and side effects experienced amongst non-athletes.
Methods
In 2022, non-athlete Australian adults (18–65 years) completed an online cross-sectional survey including closed ended questions on patterns of sports food consumption, exercise participation, factors influencing consumption. Open-ended questions on why sports foods were consumed, perceptions of the risks, and side effects experienced were also included. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percent) were used to describe the characteristics of the sample. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio, confidence interval and chi square significance for univariate associations. A multivariate model was used to determine relationships between sports food consumption frequency proxy categories (dependant variable) and significant univariate associations. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Open-ended questions were analysed using inductive thematic analysis in NVivo 14 (QSR International Pty Ltd, 2021).
Results
Females consumed sports foods more frequently, 65% of participants consumed 3 or more product types and those who consumed more sports food types were less likely to perceive risks related to their consumption or experience side effects. Protein intake was a major stated reason for why sports foods were consumed, the major perceived risks were digestion and stomach issues and main side effect experienced was bloating.
Conclusion
Despite understanding risks and experiencing side effects, non-athlete consumers ingest numerous sports foods, particularly protein products. Consumption of sports foods appears to be influenced by sociodemographic factors and packaging labels. Tighter regulation around enforcement of packaging label information and restrictions for media advertising would benefit non-athlete consumers and ensure safer and more informed consumption.
Exploring the Impact of Data Continuity on EEG-Based BCI: A Comparative Study of AI Models
Authors: Kim Youn-Sang , Han Ju-Hyuck , Lee Han-Jo , Kim Woong-Sik
Published: February 2024

This study conducted comparative experiments on continuous data for brain–computer interface (BCI) research using various models depending on the data composition. It aimed to compare the classification performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models on data that considered continuity, a characteristic of time series data, and data that did not. Specifically, this study elucidates data continuity as a characteristic of time-series data. Additionally, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals collected from five behavioral paradigms were categorized into six datasets based on continuity considerations. The experiment involved the training of AI models of similar complexity on the classified data to evaluate their classification performances. In this study, a classifier with interesting performance with respect to data continuity is found, and the results are discussed. In BCI research using EEG signals, action and thought classification achieved a high-performance score of 0.9071 in long short-term memory as data continuity decreased. Additionally, when continuity was not considered, deep neural network demonstrated maximum performance with a score of 0.9178. It was observed that data without consideration of continuity performed well in task classification. Therefore, BCI research focusing on behavior and accident classification based on EEG signals is expected to achieve excellent performance by showing various data characteristics through shuffling rather than considering data continuity. In conclusion, this study is expected to contribute to various research directions related to the continuity of time-series data in BCI research. In future research, the classification and case data will be diversified, and other models will be added to conduct performance comparison experiments using the data obtained based on feature extraction optimization.
Use of Electronic Health Records to Characterize Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension in Two Large Health System Networks
Authors: Lu Yuan , Keeley Ellen C. , Barrette Eric , Cooper-DeHoff Rhonda M. , Dhruva Sanket S. , Gaffney Jenny , Gamble Ginger , Handke Bonnie , Huang Chenxi , Krumholz Harlan , Rowe Caitrin , Schulz Wade , Shaw Kathryn , Smith Myra , Woodard Jennifer , Young Patrick , Ervin Keondae , Ross Joseph
Published: February 2024

Background
Improving hypertension control is a public health priority. However, consistent identification of uncontrolled hypertension using computable definitions in electronic health records (EHR) across health systems remains uncertain.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we applied two computable definitions to the EHR data to identify patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension and to evaluate differences in characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes between these patient populations. We included adult patients (≥ 18 years) with hypertension receiving ambulatory care within Yale-New Haven Health System (YNHHS; a large US health system) and OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium (OneFlorida; a Clinical Research Network comprised of 16 health systems) between October 2015 and December 2018. We identified patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension based on either a single blood pressure (BP) measurement from a randomly selected visit or all BP measurements recorded between hypertension identification and the randomly selected visit).
Results
Overall, 253,207 and 182,827 adults at YNHHS and OneFlorida were identified as having hypertension. Of these patients, 83.1% at YNHHS and 76.8% at OneFlorida were identified using ICD-10-CM codes, whereas 16.9% and 23.2%, respectively, were identified using elevated BP measurements (≥ 140/90 mmHg). Uncontrolled hypertension was observed among 32.5% and 43.7% of patients at YNHHS and OneFlorida, respectively. Uncontrolled hypertension was disproportionately higher among Black patients when compared with White patients (38.9% versus 31.5% in YNHHS; p < 0.001; 49.7% versus 41.2% in OneFlorida; p < 0.001). Medication prescription for hypertension management was more common in patients with uncontrolled hypertension when compared with those with controlled hypertension (overall treatment rate: 39.3% versus 37.3% in YNHHS; p = 0.04; 42.2% versus 34.8% in OneFlorida; p < 0.001). Patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension had similar rates of short-term (at 3 and 6 months) and long-term (at 12 and 24 months) clinical outcomes. The two computable definitions generated consistent results.
Conclusions
Our findings illustrate the potential of leveraging EHR data, employing computable definitions, to conduct effective digital population surveillance in the realm of hypertension management.
Comparative Study of Stress Distribution in Tissue Surrounding Dental Implant Flexure: Continuum vs Full Body Analysis
Authors: Elshourbagy Salah
Published: February 2024

The use of dental implants has surged in popularity as an effective solution for individuals dealing with tooth loss. A successful dental implant must possess several essential qualities. It must be biocompatible to prevent any adverse reactions or rejection by the body. Furthermore, osseointegration, the fusion of the implant with the surrounding bone tissue, is crucial for stability and support. The implant should also demonstrate strength and durability to withstand biting and chewing forces without fracturing. Its long-lasting design is pivotal for ensuring durability over time. Additionally, the size and shape of the implant should be carefully selected to suit the patient's unique jawbone and surrounding tissues. To deepen our comprehension of dental implant behavior, we conducted a comparative study between a full-body diagram and the traditional continuum model for implant modeling. Our investigation revealed that incorporating a full-body diagram provides a more reliable and accurate simulation of the implant's response under various loading conditions. Moreover, the adaptability in size and shape of dental implants allows for the placement of different crown shapes and sizes, preserving the aesthetic appeal of the patient's teeth. By grasping the essential characteristics of successful dental implants and utilizing advanced modeling techniques, we can improve the outcomes of dental implant procedures.
The Symmetric Technique of Formant Transition Generation for Use in Speech Synthesis in the Arabic
Authors: Chegrani Lamari , Guerti Mhania , Boudraa Bachir
Published: February 2024

The objective of this work is to elaborate on a vocal communication aid system for blind individuals in the Arab world, which is also used as a system for learning Arabic for both individuals and nonnative speakers. This system is a result of the development of a speech synthesizer for the Arabic language, which is based on the concatenative synthesis method (end-to-end speech data collection (Eskenazi, Levow, Meng, Parent, & Suendermann, 2013)) of subsyllable sound units typically stored in digital wave format (Vaseghi, 2008), obtained using software called PRAAT (Gold, Morgan, & Ellis, 2011; Pleva, Juhár, & Thiessen, 2015)) from a natural language corpus (Chou, Tseng, & Lee, 2002). The treatments in this study took place in different phases (العماري, 2021). Text analysis techniques are responsible for converting incoming text into a linguistic representation that encodes information about how the input text should be pronounced (Shiga, Ni, Tachibana, & Okamoto, 2020). The method used to produce missing phonetic units in syllable counts (CVs) is to use mathematical symmetry from VCs, which results in the construction of a phonetic lexicon based on a reduced number of phonemes, which is 124, and improve the patterns resulting from inserting formula transitions into VCs generated from their counterpart (CVs) using this feature. Finally, after including the linear smoothing stage (Dutoit, 1994), speech outputs that resemble natural speech as much as possible without noise are obtained (Millstein, 2020); these outputs can be continuous and intelligible at different levels of language that can be employed in synthesizing intelligible speech for blind individuals in the Arab community, noting that this method is useful for all languages of the world in terms of producing the quality of speech.
Sharp corner singularity of the White-Metzner model
Authors: Jones Christian Alexander , Evans Jonathan David
Published: February 2024

The stress singularity is determined using matched asymptotics for complete flow of a White-Metzner (WM) fluid around a re-entrant corner. The model is considered in the absence of a solvent viscosity, with power-law forms for the relaxation time and polymer viscosity. In this form, the model shares the same stress singularity as the upper convected Maxwell (UCM) model, but its wall boundary layers may be thinner or thicker than those for UCM depending upon the relative difference in the power-law exponents. If the exponent for the relaxation time is greater than that for the polymer viscosity, the boundary layer is narrower, whilst it is thicker if the polymer viscosity exponent exceeds that of the relaxation time. When the exponents are the same, the WM boundary layer thickness is the same size as that for UCM. A self-similar solution is derived for the stress and velocity fields and matched to both upstream and downstream boundary layers. Restrictions on the sizes of the power-law exponents are also given for validity of this solution.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 76A10 34E05/10/99.
An energy efficient way for quantitative magnetization switching
Authors: Hong Jeongmin , Li Xin , Bana Hanuman , Lin Jie , Zhang Shuai , Yi Bao , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Xiao Zhuyun , Mondal Sucheta , Tamura Nobumichi , Candler Rob N. , You Long , Bokor Jeffrey
Published: February 2024

When controlling ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) properties together, this multiferroic system offers many opportunities for energy-efficient electronics such as memories, logic and other novel spintronic devices. Recent progress of electrically controlled spin devices blazes a trail to develop energy efficient devices by controlling magnetization switching. Here, we integrate spin orbit torque (SOT) devices in multiferroics and systematically study the angle dependency of SOT effects on a piezoelectric substrate to control localized in-plane strain using the electric field across the substrate. The controlled strain modulates the magnetization switching quantitatively through SOT in the multiferroic heterostructures. Besides, the strain shows distinguished modulation capability with the different orientations, which can immediately be used in logic arrays. The controllability of electric field on the magnetization switching behavior was revealed by harmonic Hall measurement, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), X-ray diffraction, and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) as well as micromagnetic simulation. In virtue of electric-field-induced strain, the result finds the way for controlling SOT-induced magnetization switching with ultralow energy consumption, which will be applicable to the next generation spin-based logic devices.
Blue light irradiation inhibits the activation of cancer-associated macrophages in colon cancer
Authors: Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Nishi Masaaki , Okikawa Shohei , Yoshikawa Kozo , Tokunaga Takuya , Nakao Toshihiro , Takasu Chie , Kashihara Hideya , Wada Yuma , Noma Takayuki , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: February 2024

Recent studies have shown that blue light-emitting diode (LED) light has anti-tumor effects, suggesting the possibility of using visible light in cancer therapy. However, the effects of blue light irradiation on cells in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are unknown. Here, THP-1 cells were cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) of HCT-116 cells to prepare TAMs. TAMs were divided into LED-irradiated and control groups. Then, the effects of blue LED irradiation on TAM activation were examined. Expression levels of M2 macrophage markers CD163 and CD206 expression were significantly decreased in LED-irradiated TAMs compared with the control group. While control TAM-CM could induce HCT-116 cell migration, these effects were not observed in cells cultured in TAM-CM with LED irradiation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was significantly suppressed in LED-exposed TAMs. PD-L1 expression was upregulated in HCT-116 cells cultured with TAM-CM but attenuated in cells cultured with LED-irradiated TAM-CM. In an in vivo model, protein expression levels of F4/80 and CD163, which are TAM markers, were reduced in the LED-exposed group. These results indicate that blue LED light may have an inhibitory effect on TAMs, as well as anti-tumor effects on colon cancer cells.
Efficacy of five Trichoderma species against anthracnose in pecan through mycoparasitism and antibiosis
Authors: Poletto Tales , Fantinel Vinícius Spolaor , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Quevedo Alexsandra Cezimbra , Strahl Marisa Ana , Poletto Igor , stefenon valdir
Published: February 2024

Among the various diseases occurring in the pecan tree crop, anthracnose, caused by species of the genus Colletotrichum, stands out. Biocontrol using Trichoderma presents as a promising measure to be used in disease control because it has a broad spectrum of action on phytopathogens, enables the activation of the defense system, and the promotion of plant growth, contributes to environmental sustainability and food security. This work aimed to investigate the in vitro antagonistic action of Trichoderma species on Colletotrichum, the etiological agent of anthracnose in pecan. The dual-culture assay and the inhibition test by volatile metabolites were performed with five species of Trichoderma (T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. asperellum, T. tomentosum, and T. virens). Mycelial growth was evaluated daily until the seventh day. In the dual-culture assay, all species showed antagonist potential, inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogens from the third day onward. Trichoderma virens and T. tomentosum showed greater antagonist potential and stood out in the volatile metabolites.
Robust design optimization using a non-intrusive second-order approximation of stochastic moments
Authors: Krüger Jan Christoph , Kriegesmann Benedikt
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a new formulation of the second-order fourth-moment method (sometimes referred to as second-order perturbation method or second-order method of moments). The method allows to efficiently predict the stochastic moments of a response function and is therefore often used within robust design optimization. The new approach allows a non-intrusive implementation at the same cost as existing, highly intrusive formulations. Therefore, the new approach can be applied to any objective function without significant implementation effort. It is based on a few finite difference steps into special directions an hence is dependent on the corresponding step sizes. An automatic step size procedure is supplied beside an detailed convergence analysis. The advantages of the new formulation are demonstrated by robust design optimizations of a 2D and a 3D example using the geometrically nonlinear finite element method.
Orbital characteristics and Oscillator strength in bulk, bilayer, and monolayer MoS2: A comparison study
Authors: Mansouri Masoume , Dezfuli Abdol-Mohammad Ghalambor , Salehi Hamdollah
Published: February 2024

In this article, the orbital characters and the oscillator strength of MoS2 in the bulk, monolayer, and bilayer structures have been studied and compared. The orbital characters are key parameters in determining the distribution and specifications of electrons in materials. The oscillator strength is also a quantity that represents the probability of electric dipole transitions. Here, the calculations of these parameters have been performed using the pseudopotential method based on density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. For the bilayer structure, the calculations are based on the van der Waals corrected DFT. Using the results of the partial density of states obtained from the density functional theory, the orbital characters of all three structures are extracted. In addition, the oscillator strength has been derived from the matrix elements of the momentum operator using the first principles method. The results of orbital character and oscillator strength for bilayer and bulk are similar and completely different from those of the monolayer. Such similarities in orbital character and oscillator strength for the bulk and bilayer could be related to the fact that they belong to the point groups with the same symmetry characteristics. Accordingly, the difference in orbital character and oscillator strength of the monolayer MoS2 could be because the monolayer has a point group with different symmetry characteristics. Both bulk and bilayer structures belong to the D6h and D3d points groups with inversion center symmetry called centrosymmetric, and the monolayer belongs to the D3h points group without the inversion symmetry, named noncentrosymmetric.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Model to Monitor Pelagic Larvae in Response to Environmental Changes
Authors: Granata Alessia , Abbruzzo Antonino , Patti Bernardo , Cuttitta Angela , Torri Marco
Published: February 2024

European anchovies and round Sardinella play a crucial role, both ecological and commercial in the Mediterranean Sea.In this paper, we investigate the distribution of their larval stages by analyzing a dataset collected over time (1998 - 2016) and spaced along the area of the Strait of Sicily. Environmental factors are also integrated. We employ a hierarchical spatio-temporal Bayesian model and approximate the spatial field by a Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) to reduce the computation effort using the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) method. Furthermore, the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) approximates the posterior distributions of model parameters. The results suggest a strong relationship between sea currents' directions and the distribution of larval European anchovies. For round sardinella, the analysis indicates increased sensitivity to warmer ocean conditions.
Effectiveness of insecticides in the control of Conotelus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in passionfruit
Authors: Cristino¹ Marcos Roberto Vitoria , Rondelli² Vando Miossi , Andrade³ Gilberto Santos , Souza Emanuel Fernando Maia , Cruz Paulo Vilela , Santos Lucas Silva , Piacentini Marcos Tadeu Simões , Maltezo Ketlen Faião Alves
Published: February 2024

Conotelus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is a substantial pest of passion fruit production in the Zona da Mata region of Rondônia, Brazil, making this agricultural activity unviable. This study evaluated the toxicity of registered and unregistered chemical insecticides for passion fruit cultivation against Conotelus sp. under laboratory conditions. Eight insecticides were evaluated at recommended field application concentrations. Passion fruit flowers sepals were immersed in insecticide solutions, and five larvae measuring 2 to 3 mm were placed on these sepals. Additionally, LC50 and LC90 values were determined for the insecticides fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos. The results showed that chlorpyrifos, fenpropathrin, spinetoram, imidacloprid, chlorfenapyr, and thiamethoxam were effective in controlling Conotelus sp. larvae, demonstrating their potential for managing this insect pest. The LC50 values of chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin for Conotelus sp. were 3.19 g a.i./100 L and 22.09 g a.i./100 L, respectively, showing the higher toxicity of chlorpyrifos. The estimated LC90 values for chlorpyrifos and fenpropathrin are 8.36 g a.i./100 L and 79.04 g a.i./100 L, respectively. These findings strengthen the scientific basis for selection and implementation of management measures to control Conotelus sp. in passion fruit plantations.
CONSORT adherence and risk of bias in Randomised Controlled Trials reports on deep caries management
Authors: Elagami Rokaia Ahmed , Reis Thais Marchezini , Hassan Mohamed Ahmed , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Braga Mariana Minatel , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte , Raggio Daniela Prócida
Published: February 2024

Background
Recently, trials supported changes in deep caries management. However, reporting might lack details, affecting interpretation and implementation. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the adherence to the CONSORT statement and the risk of bias of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on deep caries management published in paediatric dental journals.
Methods
We searched PubMed for RCTs in six paediatric dental journals between 2010 to 2022, focusing on deep caries lesion management. Adherence to CONSORT guideline and risk of bias were assessed using a modified tool with 19 items scored from 0 to 2 (maximum 38 points) and assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. We performed descriptive and regression analyses (α = 5%).
Results
We analysed 127 RCTs. The mean (Standard Deviation) CONSORT adherence score was 21.1 (6.7). Notably, 96.1% of the studies received a score of 2 for the "intervention" item, whereas 83.5% scored 0 for "estimated effect size”. Risk of bias assessment revealed 40.1% with high risk, 59.1% with some concerns, and 0.8% with low risk. RCTs with a high risk of bias had lower CONSORT scores (p<0.001) than those with low or some concerns. RCTs published in journals without the endorsement of the CONSORT statement show lower scores than those in journals endorsing the CONSORT statement. Older RCTs (6-10 years old and more than 10 years old) show significantly lower CONSORT statement compliance than trials published recently within 5 years.
Conclusion
Among investigated RCTs, adherence to CONSORT is relatively low. Moreover, a lower adherence to CONSORT was associated with a higher risk of bias.
Registration: This study protocol was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework - DOI (10.17605/OSF.IO/V6SYZ).
Advances in the use of herbal drugs via the use of nanotechnology for impaired wound healing in diabetic patients with anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Chaudhari Kedar N. , Lohar Neha A. , Girase Manoj V.
Published: February 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, leading to nerve and blood vessel damage, organ failure, and impaired wound healing. Wound healing in diabetic patients is further complicated by reduced cytokine responses and delayed healing processes, which can lead to severe complications such as sepsis and gangrene if left untreated. In this study, we explored the potential of acemannan, an herbal extract from aloe gel incorporated into niosomes, for wound healing. Acemannan exhibits antihyperglycemic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties with discrete delivery mechanisms and minimal side effects. The aim of this study was to develop herbal-loaded niosomes for wound healing. Niosomes, self-assemblies of nonionic surfactants with or without cholesterol, offer versatile delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The formulation consisted of Span 60, cholesterol, chloroform, methanol, buffer, and spray-dried aloe vera powder, prepared using the Thin Hydration methodThe resulting herbal niosomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential. A batch with a 2:2 ratio of Span 60 and cholesterol exhibited favorable characteristics with a particle size of 144.1 nm and a zeta potential of -17.1 mV. In conclusion, the developed herbal-loaded niosome formulation shows promise for wound healing, offering a potentially safer and more effective alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments for diabetic wounds.
Formation and Evolution Mechanisms for Organic Matter in Space
Authors: Nomura Hideko , Chan Queenie Hoi Shan , Yabuta Hikaru
Published: February 2024

Organic compounds are a major component of dust in molecular clouds, alongside silicates and water ice, due to the high abundances of elements that make up these compounds in the Galaxy. The initial molecular inventory of the Solar System, inherited from the molecular cloud, was modified and new complex molecules were formed in the protoplanetary disk and planetesimals. Because astronomical observations mainly target gas, while cosmochemical evidence deals with solid phases, it is crucial to link discrepant knowledge on organic species through state-of-the-art modeling. This chapter reviews the latest understanding of surface reactions on inter-stellar dusts, gas–dust reactions in the protoplanetary disk, and alteration processes on planetesimals in the early Solar System.
Prenylated and Geranylated Derivatives of Non-Oxidized Monomeric Acylphloroglucinols of Natural Origin: Occurrence, Biological Properties and Spectroscopic Data
Authors: Arrospide Tainá , Sousa Lucas , Diniz Marcela , Menezes Fabrício , Araújo Renata
Published: February 2024

Phloroglucinols comprise polyphenolic compounds abundantly present in biological systems, which are synthesized and accumulated by plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms of different families. Interesting biological activities are associated with these compounds endowed with unique structural characteristics. Because of this, they have become attractive for studies in several areas, such as chemistry and pharmacology. Despite the existence of reputable reviews on phloroglucinol and its derivative compounds, updates on the subject are constant and there are still unexplored specificities of these polyphenols in the literature. Therefore, the present review compiled data on monomeric derivatives of acylphloroglucinols isolated from natural sources. These compounds were grouped into classes considering the oxidation of the central 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (THB) ring. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data and biological activities reported in the literature were associated with the cataloged metabolites considering publications from 1965 to 2022.
A klímaváltozás hatása Skandinávia síturizmusára
Authors: Palancsa Attila
Published: February 2024

A 21. század turizmusának egyik nagy kihívása a klímaváltozás és annak rövid, illetve hosszú távú hatása. Ez különösen igaz a síturizmusra, mely turisztikai iparág fokozottan „érzékeny” az éghajlatváltozás jelenlegi folyamatára. A tanulmányban Svédország síturizmusának jövőbeli várható helyzetét vizsgálom, ami egyben a szabadban űzhető, egyéb téli sportokra is értelmezhető. A skandináv állam történetében kulturális jelentőséggel bírnak a téli sportok, éppen ezért tartják rendkívül fontosnak annak kutatását, hogy a klímaváltozás hogyan fogja befolyásolni az ország síiparának jövőjét. A tanulmány alapját az ún. „SkiSim” modell adja, mely az éghajlatváltozás hatását vizsgálja a síszezonokra lebontva, figyelve annak hosszára, a magassági változókra, a sínapok számának változására, a műhókészítési kényszerre stb. A vizsgálat 23 svéd alpesi síterületre vonatkozik, mely elméleti síkon elemzi a 21. század korai – közép – és késői időperiódusát. A síszezon erőteljes csökkenése természetesen jelentős negatív gazdasági hatással van a középső és déli területek turisztikai forgalmára, mely síszezoni rövidülést a mesterséges hóágyúzással lehetne ellensúlyozni. Ez a síturisztikai desztinációkban veszélyeztetheti az üdülőhelyek működését, bezárásokat, munkanélküliséget eredményezhet, illetve a síterületi desztinációban olyan gazdasági környezeti stresszt okozhat, amely a helyiek különböző mértékű életszínvonal csökkenéshez vezethet. A klímaváltozás hatására az európai síterületek beszűkülnek, és az évezred második felétől Észak-Svédország jelentheti az európai síipar számára az „utolsó menedéket”.
Integrated Assessment of Kirala Kele Wetland Health: Bridging the Gap between Water Quality Parameters and Biotic Components
Authors: Aththanayake A. M. N. S. , Nikawela N. D. L. , Bellanthudawa B. K. A. , Wijetunga S.
Published: February 2024

The present study was carried out to assess the health of the Kirala Kele Wetland, Sri Lanka, by coupling water quality indices and bioindicators. A total of 12 sampling sites were selected to represent different land-use patterns of the Kirala Kele Wetland using purposive sampling technique, and sampling was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021, on a monthly basis. Triplicated samples (n = 3) were obtained for each sampling event at each sampling site. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected from each site to determine the biological water quality using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score. Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was calculated to understand the physicochemical parameters of water, and the mean values of physicochemical water quality parameters were compared with the Sri Lankan water quality standards. According to the WAWQI for the different sampling sites, water is not suitable for drinking without treatment. The resulted BMWP score (BMWP = 61) shows that the water quality is acceptable (clean but slightly impacted) for biotic components of the wetland in accordance with the aquatic macroinvertebrates present. Spatial variation in water quality parameters and the aquatic macroinvertebrates were taken into account, and the temporal variation in water quality parameters within the 3 months from March to May was considered.
Circuito Curto de Comercialização Agroecológico
Authors: Amaral Letícia de Souza , Melissa de Moura Mafra da Silva Suzana , José de Sousa Washington
Published: February 2024

É crescente o movimento em torno de um sistema agroalimentar sustentável, valorizando os produtos agroecológicos. Isso se deve, em grande parte, ao fato de os consumidores virem se questionando quanto à qualidade daquilo que eles têm consumido, devido às crises alimentares e às críticas ao modelo convencional. Diante desse contexto, o presente texto tem como objetivo delimitar atributos de práticas agroecológicas tomando como base empírica experiências de agricultores familiares em circuito curto de comercialização de alimentos no Mercado da Vida (Bonito/PE). Como metodologia, além da revisão bibliográfica, foi construído um estudo de caso. O trabalho contou com entrevistas semiestruturadas com os agricultores familiares e uma gestora da secretaria de agricultura e meio ambiente do município. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram processados no software Iramuteq e analisados por meio da lexicometria. É possível observar que o grupo adquiriu maior autonomia para decidir sobre o que produz, como produz e para quem vender. No entanto, a partir da reflexão sobre essa iniciativa, foi possível constatar que, apesar do seu êxito, ainda são muitos os desafios a que enfrentar, sendo o principal conquistar o consumidor.
The Use of Lipid-based Nanocarriers to Improve Ovarian Cancer Treatment: An Overview of Recent Developments
Authors: Tantray Junaid , Patel Akhilesh , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Kosey Sourabh , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: February 2024

:

Ovarian cancer poses a formidable health challenge for women globally, necessitating
innovative therapeutic approaches. This review provides a succinct summary of the current research status on lipid-based nanocarriers in the context of ovarian cancer treatment. Lipid-based
nanocarriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid
carriers (NLCs), offer a promising solution for delivering anticancer drugs with enhanced therapeutic effectiveness and reduced adverse effects. Their versatility in transporting both hydrophobic and hydrophilic medications makes them well-suited for a diverse range of anticancer drugs.
Active targeting techniques like ligand-conjugation and surface modifications have been used to
reduce off-target effects and achieve tumour-specific medication delivery. The study explores
formulation techniques and adjustments meant to enhance drug stability and encapsulation in
these nanocarriers. Encouraging results from clinical trials and preclinical investigations underscore the promise of lipid-based nanocarriers in ovarian cancer treatment, providing optimism
for improved patient outcomes. Notwithstanding these advancements, challenges related to
clearance, long-term stability, and scalable manufacturing persist. Successfully translating lipidbased nanocarriers into clinical practice requires addressing these hurdles. To sum up, lipidbased nanocarriers are a viable strategy to improve the effectiveness of therapy for ovarian cancer. With their more focused medication administration and lower systemic toxicity, they may
completely change the way ovarian cancer is treated and increase patient survival rates. Lipidbased nanocarriers need to be further researched and developed to become a therapeutically viable treatment for ovarian cancer.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Scaphium Affine Seed Extract and Assessment of Its Anti-hemorrhoidal Efficacy
Authors: Abbas Syed A. , Khan Abdullah , Fatima Mehraj , Kalusalingam Anandarajagopal , Kanakal Mahibub M. , Inamdar Shiva K. , Kotra Vijay , Ming Long C. , Dastapur Ashok K.M. , Bachi Tazneem
Published: February 2024

Background:

Seeds of plant Scaphium affine are traditionally used by the healers of “In-dia” for the treatment of piles.

Objectives:

The primary objective of the study was to assess the anti-hemorrhoidal potential of the ethanolic seed extract of Scaphium affine.

Methods:

After the soxhlet extraction method, the seed extract from Scaphium affine was first sub-mitted to phytochemical standardization and then GC-MS analysis. Rats were given Croton oil and Jatropha oil to develop hemorrhoids, and Scaphium affine seed extract (ESA) was administered orally for 5 days and 3 days, respectively, at doses of 1000 and 500 mg/kg. The Rectoanal coefficient (RAC) was calculated as an inflammatory marker. The hemorrhoidal tissues were also subjected to cytokine profiling, biochemical estimation and histopathology.

Results:

ESA demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, and tannins. GCMS analysis elucidated the presence of hexadecanoic acid 2 hydroxy -1,3 propane diyl ester,9 Octadecanoic acid ethyl ester, Cyclohexane 1,4 di methyl cis, Farnesol isomer,1, E-11, Z-13 octa decatriene, Stigmasterol, N-(5 ethyl -1,3,4-thiadiazol-yl) benzamide, N, N Dinitro 1,3,5,7 tetraza bicyclo 93,3,1) as major phytoconstituents. The results depicted more potent anti-hemorrhoidal ac-tivity of ESA at 1000 mg/kg, p.o., which was evident through a decrease in RAC. A significant decline in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression was observed, along with the restoration of altered antioxidants and enzymes. Histopathological analysis confirmed the tissue recovery as it revealed minimal inflammation and decreased dilated blood vessels in treated animals.

Conclusion:

Based on the results it can be concluded that seeds of Scaphium affine showed signifi-cant anti-hemorrhoid agents which may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential due to the presence of certain phytoconstituents in it. The study also supports the traditional use of seeds of Scaphium affine for the first time in the treatment of hemorrhoids.
Computer-guided Surgery in Anterior Esthetic Area with Autologous Deciduous Tooth-Derived Material: Case Report
Authors: Ceraulo Saverio , Carini Fabio , Viscardi Daniele , Cesca Alessandro , Biagi Roberto
Published: February 2024

Background

The literature has described several biomaterials for guided bone regeneration. Some authors have proposed using a material derived from dentin/ enamel among autologous biomaterials. This study aims to test the effectiveness of autologous material derived from deciduous teeth in guided bone regeneration.

Case Presentation

A 24-year-old female shows up with missing tooth #1.1 for a domestic accident. This requires implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. It is decided to be performed before implant therapy, a bone regeneration guided using biomaterial resulting from the patient’s deciduous teeth stored in a plastic box. GBR (Guided Bone Rehabilitation) is performed, and after 6 months, the implant is inserted by computer-guided surgery, and then a provisional prosthesis is placed.

Discussion

The material deriving from deciduous teeth, not preserved with precautions, has had excellent integration results. This allowed the implant to be placed in the best position for the final prosthetic rehabilitation.

Conclusion

This clinical case shows that using biomaterial derived from deciduous teeth has allowed an excellent result with negligible biological cost.
Health-promoting Lifestyle and Predicting Anxiety Caused by COVID-19 In Medical Sciences Students
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Mikal Zahra Mehmannavaz , Sadeghi Elham , Khosravi Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the daily lives of people around the globe and caused significant mortalities and public health issues. The objective of the current study was to determine the role of health-promoting behaviors in predicting anxiety caused by COVID-19 in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences students in 2022.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 350 students from various medical sciences who were chosen through a multi-stage stratified random sampling process. We gathered the necessary information by administering health-promoting lifestyle and COVID-19-related anxiety questionnaires. This inventory has 18 items and is scored on a 4-point Likert scale. The range score is between 0 and 54. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. All tests have a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

Based on lifestyle questionnaire scores, 51 students (15%) had a poor lifestyle, 272 (79.8%) had an average lifestyle, and 18 (5.3%) had a good lifestyle. Anxiety averaged 6.20±6.18, and health-promoting lifestyle averaged 123.64±19.05. Health-promoting lifestyle did not correlate with COVID-19 anxiety. Stress management, nutrition, and physical activity scored the lowest. Academic semester (p=0.03), family income (p=0.006), and marital status (p=0.03) were associated with Covid-19 anxiety.

Conclusion:

Students had low COVID-19 anxiety and average health-promoting lifestyles. Despite initial concerns, the data showed no significant association between COVID-19 anxiety and the students' vaccination status. However, it's worth noting that vaccination has the potential to reduce anxiety among students. Stress management, nutrition, and physical activity can improve student lifestyles.