bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NICER View of Spectral and Profile Evolution for Three X-Ray-emitting Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Rowan Dominick M. , Ghazi Zaynab , Lugo Lauren , Spano Elizabeth , Lommen Andrea , Harding Alice , Venter Christo , Ludlam Renee , Ray Paul S. , Kerr Matthew , Arzoumanian Zaven , Bogdanov Slavko , Deneva Julia , Guillot Sebastien , Lewandowska Natalia , Markwardt Craig B. , Ransom Scott , Enoto Teruaki , Wood Kent S. , Gendreau Keith C.
Published: April 2020

We present two years of Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray observations of three energetic rotation-powered millisecond pulsars (MSPs): PSRs B1937+21, B1821−24, and J0218+4232. We fit Gaussians and Lorentzians to the pulse profiles for different energy sub-bands of the soft X-ray regime to measure the energy dependence of pulse separation and width. We find that the separation between pulse components of PSR J0218+4232 decreases with increasing energy at >3σ confidence. The 95% upper limit on pulse separation evolution for PSRs B1937+21 and B1821−24 is less than 2 milliperiods per keV. Our phase-resolved spectral results provide updated constraints on the non-thermal X-ray emission of these three pulsars. The photon indices of the modeled X-ray emission spectra for each pulse component of PSR B1937+21 are inconsistent with each other at the 90% confidence level, suggesting different emission origins for each pulse. We find that the PSR B1821−24 and PSR J0218+4232 emission spectra are invariant with phase at the 90% confidence level. We describe the implications of our profile and spectral results in the context of equatorial current sheet emission models for these three MSPs with non-thermal, magnetospheric X-ray emission.
A Catalog of M-dwarf Flares with ASAS-SN
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Romy , Lopez Laura A. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Schmidt Sarah J. , Jayasinghe Tharindu , Kochanek Christopher S. , Auchettl Katie , Holoien Thomas W.-S.
Published: April 2020

We analyzed the light curves of 1376 early-to-late, nearby M dwarfs to search for white-light flares using photometry from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. We identified 480 M dwarfs with at least one potential flare employing a simple statistical algorithm that searches for sudden increases in V-band flux. After more detailed evaluation, we identified 62 individual flares on 62 stars. The event amplitudes range from

mag. Using classical flare models, we place lower limits on the flare energies and obtain V-band energies spanning

erg. The fraction of flaring stars increases with spectral type, and most flaring stars show moderate to strong Hα emission. Additionally, we find that 14 of the 62 flaring stars are rotational variables, and they have shorter rotation periods and stronger Hα emission than nonflaring rotational variable M dwarfs.
Time-resolved and Energy-resolved Polarizations of GRB Prompt Emission
Authors: Lan Mi-Xiang , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: April 2020

Besides light curves and spectra, polarization provides a different powerful tool of studying the gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt phase. Compared with the time-integrated and energy-integrated polarization, time-resolved and energy-resolved polarization can deliver more physical information about the emitting region. Here we investigate time-resolved and energy-resolved polarization of GRB prompt emission using the synchrotron models. We find that the equal arrival time surface effect is very important in shaping the polarization degree (PD) curves when the physical conditions of the emitting region change violently with radius. Polarization properties are neither correlated with the spectral lag nor the peak energy evolution patterns. Polarization properties with a mixed magnetic field are very similar to those for a corresponding ordered magnetic field but the former has a smaller PD. The emission at the MeV peak can be highly polarized for a synchrotron model while it is unpolarized as predicted by a dissipative photosphere model. Future energy-resolved polarization observations can distinguish between these two models.
GASP XXIV. The History of Abruptly Quenched Galaxies in Clusters
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Fritz Jacopo , Poggianti Bianca M. , Bettoni Daniela , Franchetto Andrea , Moretti Alessia , Gullieuszik Marco , Jaffé Yara , Biviano Andrea , Radovich Mario , Mingozzi Matilde
Published: April 2020

The study of cluster post-starburst galaxies gives useful insights on the physical processes quenching the star formation in the most massive environments. Exploiting the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer data of the GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies project, we characterize the quenching history of eight local cluster galaxies that were selected for not showing emission lines in their fiber spectra. We inspect the integrated colors, the Hβ rest-frame equivalent widths (EW), star-formation histories (SFHs), and luminosity-weighted age (LWA) maps finding no signs of current star formation throughout the disks of these early-spiral/S0 galaxies. All of them have been passive for at least 20 Myr, but their SF declined on different timescales. In most of them, the outskirts reached undetectable SFRs before the inner regions (“outside-in quenching”). Our sample includes three post-star-forming galaxies, two passive galaxies, and three galaxies with intermediate properties. The first population shows blue colors, deep Hβ in absorption (EW ≫ 2.8 Å), young ages (8.8 < log(LWA (yr)) < 9.2). Two of these galaxies show signs of a central SF enhancement before quenching. Passive galaxies have instead red colors, EW(Hβ) < 2.8 Å, ages in the range 9.2 < log(LWA (yr)) < 10. Finally, the other galaxies are most likely in transition between a post-star-forming and passive phase, as they quenched in an intermediate epoch and have not lost all of the star-forming features yet. The outside-in quenching, the morphology, and kinematics of the stellar component, along with the position of these galaxies within massive clusters (σ
cl = 550–950

km

s

−
1

) point to a scenario in which ram pressure stripping has removed the gas, leading to quenching. Only the three most massive galaxies might alternatively have entered the clusters already quenched. These galaxies are therefore at the final stage of the rapid evolution galaxies undergo when they enter the cluster environment.
L’intime secret, le privé discret et le public transparent. Une topique à l’épreuve de l’institutionnel
Authors: Carel André
Published: April 2020

L’auteur argumente l’intérêt de construire une topique interpsychique sous la forme d’une trilogie : l’intime, le privé et le public, qualifiés respectivement par les valeurs du secret, de la discrétion et de la transparence. Les cliniques de familles et d’institutions révèlent, en effet, que les situations de souffrance déconstruisent une telle topique.
Le refuge de l’intime. De « l’objet affolant » à « l’objet apaisant »
Authors: Braconnier Alain
Published: April 2020

À partir d’une expérience professionnelle institutionnelle et personnelle, l’auteur développe l’idée que la recherche d’intimité humaine avec soi et avec le confident signifierait le souhait de trouver un refuge face à un danger particulier : celui de vivre le risque d’un affolement individuel et/ou collectif source de désorganisation et de déliaison ?
Intimité inconsciente et éthique professionnelle
Authors: Lemosof Alain
Published: April 2020

À la suite d’une faute professionnelle grave, M me  B., infirmière en psychiatrie, entame une analyse et y découvre la part active qu’elle prend, à son insu, dans ce dont elle se plaint. L’auteur indiquera parallèlement comment certaines politiques institutionnelles peuvent engendrer une souffrance éthique chez des soignants et contribuent à la survenue de ces incidents. L’analyse de cette situation, abordée notamment à l’appui de notions lacaniennes, permettra d’approfondir et de différencier les notions d’intimité et d’intime.
Psychothérapie(s) et addiction(s) : enveloppes, attachement et relations interpersonnelles
Authors: Fernandes Pereira Patrice
Published: April 2020

L’accompagnement en addictologie est fondamentalement pluridisciplinaire. La prise en charge psychothérapeutique en fait partie intégrante, mais sa mise en place se confronte à divers obstacles de temporalité, de demande de l’usager qui se présentera avec une identité d’addicté qu’il conviendra d’assouplir afin d’accéder à sa subjectivité. Afin de s’extraire de la question du type de psychothérapie, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence ce qui peut être psychothérapeutique dans nos suivis en CSAPA. À travers la situation clinique de Sylvain à l’hôpital Marmottan et la question des troubles de l’attachement chez les usagers de drogues, nous mettrons en évidence la place d’une psychothérapie qui s’appuiera de prime abord sur l’interpersonnel. Multimodale et institutionnelle, cette clinique humaniste du lien, de la rencontre et de la relation permettrait au patient de remettre au travail les dynamiques développementales, d’élaborer une base de sécurité facilitant l’accès progressif à l’intrapsychique et à une plus grande autonomie. Avant qu’une prise en charge psychothérapeutique plus spécifique puisse pour certains se mettre en place.
Parentalité et addiction à l’alcool
Authors: Tamian Isabelle
Published: April 2020

Après avoir envisagé l’évolution de la notion polysémique de parentalité et tenté de définir sa spécificité, il s’agit de considérer les dysfonctionnements engendrés par un parent dans l’exercice de sa fonction parentale lors d’une addiction à l’alcool. La souffrance psychique d’un enfant de parent alcoolodépendant peut s’illustrer à travers la prise de rôles qui viennent manifester des perturbations dans leur développement psycho-affectif et démontrer la mise en place d’une codépendance devant des situations de carences parentales.
Quand l’utilisation d’une méthode mixte séquentielle amène à la compréhension de la passion du poker
Authors: Morvannou Adèle , Dufour Magali , Tremblay Dominique , Brunelle Natacha , Roy Élise
Published: April 2020

Alors que la passion est un concept prometteur pour comprendre les comportements de jeux de hasard et d’argent, son influence chez les joueurs de poker était méconnue. À partir de l’exemple d’une étude mixte séquentielle en deux phases consécutives, l’objectif est de décrire le rationnel de l’utilisation d’une méthodologie mixte et ses implications dans la compréhension du phénomène de la passion du poker. La première phase quantitative a permis de documenter la force et le sens de l’association entre la passion et les problèmes de jeu tandis que la seconde phase qualitative contextualise et donne une signification aux résultats quantitatifs tout en documentant l’utilité du concept de passion en prévention et intervention. En plus de permettre d’approfondir l’ensemble des données obtenues dans les deux phases, l’utilisation d’une méthodologie mixte a permis de compenser certaines limites inhérentes à chaque méthode, rendant ainsi possible de faire avancer les connaissances et de mieux appuyer les recommandations.
Jobless recoveries after financial crises (and the key role of the extensive margin of employment)
Authors: Delmez Françoise
Published: April 2020

Alors que plusieurs années se sont écoulées depuis les chocs économiques de 2008 et 2012, les taux d’emploi jugés trop faibles persistent en dépit de la reprise d’autres indicateurs économiques, tels que le PIB. Ce phénomène a été nommé “reprise sans emploi” dans la littérature. Nous montrons que, non seulement il est plus difficile pour les chômeurs de retrouver un emploi, mais aussi que les travailleurs tendent à prester plus d’heures. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, nous adoptons successivement le point de vue de l’employeur et de l’employé quant à la détermination du temps de travail optimal. Nous montrons d’abord que les employeurs font face à d’importants coûts fixes du travail. Dans ce contexte, les employeurs ont d’importants incitants à augmenter le temps de travail afin de recouvrir ces coûts fixes, et ce même si un temps de travail plus long rend les travailleurs de moins en moins productifs. Nous montrons enfin que face à un choc négatif les travailleurs ont un incitant fort à augmenter leur effort au travail pour se prémunir d’un licenciement. Nous étudions de quelle manière cette augmentation de l’effort, qui peut prendre la forme de prestation d’heures supplémentaires non comptabilisées, affecte le niveau d’emploi général.
Le blogueur en tant qu’éducateur
Authors: Alieva Dilbar
Published: April 2020

Notre article décrit et analyse les activités éducatives d’un blogueur qui se consacre à la propagation de l’opéra classique. Cette analyse est une occasion de montrer les similitudes et les différences entre un blog et un forum de discussion, qui sont des applications Internet sociales très populaires. Ils servent de points de cristallisation pour des communautés virtuelles de nature différente. Le forum de discussion est une plate-forme pour la création d’une mini-communauté démocratique, rappelant la société civile , au sein de laquelle il est possible de cultiver les vertus civiques. Cependant, la communauté qui se forme autour du blog n’a plus un caractère démocratique, mais ressemble plus à un salon parisien de la fin du XVIII e  siècle, dominé par l’autorité d’un maître spirituel. L’article présente les résultats d’une mini-enquête à laquelle ont participé les visiteurs du blog.
Poststructuralisme, gouvernementalité et perspectives de genre : la prise en charge d’un proche atteint de troubles mentaux par la famille
Authors: Paradis-Gagné Étienne , Holmes Dave
Published: April 2020

Cet article fait état des résultats d’une recherche empirique réalisée auprès de membres de familles ayant un proche atteint de troubles mentaux sévères. Le recours à un cadre théorique poststructuraliste a été préconisé et, à cet égard, les travaux de Jacques Donzelot et de Michel Foucault ont été mobilisés. Les principaux constats issus de cette recherche qualitative indiquent que le gouvernement des familles s’effectue par l’entremise de mécanismes complexes. Nous avons aussi constaté que les membres de l’entourage, à risque de violence et en situation de grande vulnérabilité, doivent recourir au système judiciaire afin d’obtenir une aide psychiatrique formelle. Enfin, cette recherche nous a permis d’analyser qu’un double mandat (prise en charge du proche et contrôle social) est imposé aux familles, considérées à la fois comme objet et sujet de pouvoir. Dans ce contexte, le rôle de la femme se voit, dans bien des cas, surinvesti par les milieux psychiatriques et judiciaires. Par conséquent, des inégalités liées au sexe biologique risquent de se produire.
Effect of supplementing phytase on piglet performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralisation
Authors: De Cuyper C. , Nollet L. , Aluwé M. , De Boever J. , Douidah L. , Vanderbeke E. , Outchkourov N. , Petkov S. , Millet S.
Published: April 2020

Incremental levels of the phytase, OptiPhos® Plus, were fed to 150 weaned piglets (five treatments of 30 pigs) to determine the effect on piglet performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralisation. Piglets were fed a basal diet from four to six weeks and a pre-starter diet from six to ten weeks of age. The basal diets contained reduced digestible phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) (1.5 g/kg digestible P, and Ca 5.5 g/kg and 5.6 g/kg for weaner and pre-starter, respectively) to provide a negative control. Phytase was added at 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed. Faecal samples were collected at nine weeks of age and analysed for P, Ca and crude protein (CP) content to calculated digestibility. Metacarpal bone IV mineralisation was assessed by ash content and the weight and length of the bone. Incremental increases of phytase improved final body weight (BW) (P<0.001), average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.01). The statistical model predicted a linear increase for daily feed intake (DFI), ADG and BW with increased phytase increments. BW at the end of the trial increased by 824 g per increase of 250 FTU/kg (P<0.001). ADG and DFI increased by 19 g/day (P<0.001) and 18 g/day (P<0.05) respectively, per increase of 250 FTU/kg. As the effect on ADG and final BW was higher at lowest doses, a quadratic effect for these parameters was observed, within the measured range of phytase levels (P=0.029 and 0.028, respectively). A reduction of 0.03 in FCR was observed for each 250 FTU/kg increase (P<0.01). For each increase in 250 FTU/kg, bone dry weight increased by 131 g (P<0.05) and bone ash concentration by 1.9% of fat free dry matter (P<0.001). The results showed that the addition of phytase to piglet diets low in P led to better utilisation of phytate-P and consequently better piglet performance.
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Poletti Steven C , Gates Herbert S , Martinez Salutario M , Richardson William J
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Although the clinical and radiographic features of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) have been well described, diagnosis is often delayed and high rates of recurrence after synovectomy are reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of soft tissue masses. Three patients with biopsy-proven PVS and radiographs showing only effusion underwent MRI in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The margins of the diseased synovium were best demonstrated on long TR/TE (T2-weighted) images. The synovium contained areas of void signal intensity felt to be due to hemosiderin, interspersed with increased signal from both inflammation and fat. In all cases, the margins of the diseased synovium were clearly delineated, allowing classification as nodular or diffuse. No appreciable change in signal intensity was seen when comparing nodular and diffuse forms. MRI is useful but not specific for PVS, since rheumatoid synovitis may show a similar signal pattern. However, MRI in patients with suspected PVS may decrease the time until diagnosis, aid in preoperative planning and obtaining adequate margins of resection, and may be a non-invasive method of long-term follow up for possible recurrence.
Thickness of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Macular Thickness, and Macular Volume in Patients With Strabismic Amblyopia
Authors: Altintas Özgül , Yüksel Nursen , Özkan Berna , Çaglar Yusuf
Published: April 2020

Objective:

To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the macular volume, and the macular thickness of the amblyopic eye with those of the non-amblyopic eye in patients with unilateral strabismic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Patients and Methods:

OCT was performed for 14 patients with unilateral strabismic amblyopia who had no neurologic disease. Nine male and 5 female patients, whose ages ranged from 5 to 18 years, were enrolled in the study. The RNFL thickness average analysis program was used to evaluate mean superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal thickness. The data for all clock quadrants (12 values averaged) were identified as the overall RNFL. The retinal thickness and volume analysis program was used to evaluate macular scans. Data were compared using the Mann–Whitney
U
test.

Results:

The mean age (± standard deviation) was 10.43 years (± 4.09 years). There were 6 right eyes and 8 left eyes with amblyopia; this group had a mean visual acuity (± standard error) of 0.3 (± 5.70). OCT parameters including the RNFL thickness in all quadrants, overall RNFL thickness, macular thickness, and macular volume showed no significant differences between the two groups (
P
> .05).

Conclusion:

Assessment of RNFL thickness, macular thickness, and macular volume with OCT revealed no difference between the two eyes of patients with unilateral strabismic amblyopia.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:216–221
.
Spontaneous Regression of Retinoblastoma in a Taiwan Series
Authors: Kao Ling Yuh , Yang Meng Ling
Published: April 2020

Purpose:

To document the high occurrence of complete spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma in a Taiwan series.

Patients and Methods:

Cases of retinoblastoma (133 eyes of 110 patients) at a single Taiwanese hospital from 1978 to 2002 were reviewed.

Results:

Complete spontaneous tumor regression and phthisis bulbi were noted in 7 eyes of 7 patients. The regression rate was 5.3%, which is higher than previous reports of 1% to 2%. Tumor regression was associated with a common course of acute painful inflammation and ended with a shrunken, nonfunctioning eye. No residual vision was noted in any patient.

Conclusion:

Delayed diagnosis and advanced stage of the disease in this series of Taiwanese patients probably led to the massive intratumoral necrosis and resulted in phthisic change of the globe.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:228–232.
Laser Treatment of Coats' Disease
Authors: Couvillion Stephen S. , Margolis Ron , Mavrofrides Elias , Hess Ditte , Murray Timothy G.
Published: April 2020

A 9-year-old boy presented with an exudative retinal detachment, vascular telangiectasias, subretinal lipid, and retinal macrocyst formation. He underwent three sessions of large-spot diode laser for the treatment of Coats' disease. Serial examinations and fundus photography documented an excellent involutional response with an improvement in visual acuity.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:367–368.
Assessing Accuracy of Sampling Schemes to Estimate Western Snowy Plover Reproductive Success
Authors: Henkel Laird A. , Neuman Kriss K. , Stein R. William , Stenzel Lynne E.
Published: April 2020

Like many wildlife species of management concern, the western snowy plover Charadrius nivosus nivosus is the subject of intensive population monitoring. However, intensive monitoring of reproductive success for this shorebird is time-consuming, financially costly, and potentially disruptive to the birds of interest. These constraints mean that intensive monitoring is not feasible throughout the range of the federally threatened Pacific Coast population. In this study, we used data collected from one intensively monitored subpopulation to assess how reductions in monitoring effort (number of chicks individually marked) would affect the accuracy of estimates of fledging success for western snowy plover chicks. We used monitoring data collected on chicks hatching at 1,845 nests from 2003 to 2012 as a theoretical subpopulation from which to draw random samples for this assessment. As expected, we found that accuracy (as measured by the inverse of percentage difference between sampled and actual fledge rates) increased with increasing percentage of the subpopulation monitored each year. We also found that the day of the week that chicks hatched and were banded had no effect on fledging success. Thus, reducing monitoring effort by banding chicks on specific days of the week is one suitable method for subpopulation sampling that has no embedded biases in the subsequent estimate of fledging success. The results of our analyses provide estimates of the accuracy of different sampling schemes, which should help managers of this threatened shorebird assess appropriate monitoring methods. We recommend use of our methods for others interested in assessing accuracy of sampling schemes for reproductive success of western snowy plover or other birds with similar life-history traits.
Sepulcrum, signa et tituli : quelques observations sur la «  consecratio in formam deorum  » et sur l’expression du statut des morts dans la Rome impériale
Authors: Laubry Nicolas
Published: April 2020

Le phénomène désigné comme apothéose privée ou consecratio in formam deorum par les études modernes est une manifestation originale de la sphère funéraire à Rome à partir de la fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C. Perceptible surtout à travers la sculpture ou l’architecture, il a été interprété comme l’expression de croyances relatives au sort post mortem ou comme une forme particulière de commémoration des défunts. Cet article revient sur certains de ses aspects religieux en le resituant au sein du ritualisme propre au culte romain des morts. Il s’attache plus particulièrement à deux exemples privilégiés, le tombeau de Claudia Semne à Rome et une dédicace de Gabies. Malgré l’ambiguïté ou les limites des sources, il est ainsi possible de formuler quelques hypothèses sur les implications religieuses de ces pratiques qui, selon des modalités variables, participent à la construction du statut des morts, moins dans l’au-delà que dans la communauté des vivants.
Development and Performance Analysis of Fireworks Algorithm-Trained Artificial Neural Network (FWANN)
Authors: Nayak Sarat Chandra , Das Subhranginee , Misra Bijan Bihari
Published: April 2020

Financial time series are highly nonlinear and their movement is quite unpredictable. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have ample applications in financial forecasting. Performance of ANN models mainly depends upon its training. Though gradient descent-based methods are common for ANN training, they have several limitations. Fireworks algorithm (FWA) is a recently developed metaheuristic inspired from the phenomenon of fireworks explosion at night, which poses characteristics such as faster convergence, parallelism, and finding the global optima. This chapter intends to develop a hybrid model comprising FWA and ANN (FWANN) used to forecast closing prices series, exchange series, and crude oil prices time series. The appropriateness of FWANN is compared with models such as PSO-based ANN, GA-based ANN, DE-based ANN, and MLP model trained similarly. Four performance metrics, MAPE, NMSE, ARV, and R2, are considered as the barometer for evaluation. Performance analysis is carried out to show the suitability and superiority of FWANN.
A Hybrid Fireworks Algorithm to Navigation and Mapping
Authors: Lei Tingjun , Luo Chaomin , Ball John E. , Bi Zhuming
Published: April 2020

In recent years, computer technology and artificial intelligence have developed rapidly, and research in the field of mobile robots has continued to deepen with development of artificial intelligence. Path planning is an essential content of mobile robot navigation of computing a collision-free path between a starting point and a goal. It is necessary for mobile robots to move and maneuver in different kinds of environment with objects and obstacles. The main goal of path planning is to find the optimal path between the starting point and the target position in the minimal possible time. A new firework algorithm (FWA) integrated with a graph theory, Dijkstra's algorithm developed for autonomous robot navigation, is proposed in this chapter. The firework algorithm is improved by a local search procedure that a LIDAR-based local navigator algorithm is implemented for local navigation and obstacle avoidance. The grid map is utilized for real-time intelligent robot mapping and navigation. In this chapter, both simulation and comparison studies of an autonomous robot navigation demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of planning more reasonable and shorter, collision-free paths in non-stationary and unstructured environments compared with other approaches.
Innovative Aspects of Virtual Reality and Kinetic Sensors for Significant Improvement Using Fireworks Algorithm in a Wii Game of a Collaborative Sport
Authors: Ochoa-Zezzatti Alberto , Mejia José , González Saúl , Rodríguez Ismael , Peinado Jose , Bahena Jesús , Zezatti Víctor
Published: April 2020

A new report on childhood obesity is published every so often. The bad habits of food and the increasingly sedentary life of children in a border society has caused an alarming increase in the cases of children who are overweight or obese. Formerly, it seemed to be a problem of countries with unhealthy eating habits, such as the United States or Mexico in Latin America, where junk food is part of the diet in childhood. However, obesity is a problem that we already have around the corner and that is not so difficult to fight in children. In the present research the development of an application that reduces the problem of the lack of movement in the childhood of a smart city is considered a future problem which it is the main contribution, coupled with achieving an innovative way of looking for an Olympic sport without the complexity of physically moving to a space with high maintenance costs and considering the adverse weather conditions.
A Survey on the Applications of Swarm Intelligence to Software Verification
Authors: Kumazawa Tsutomu , Takimoto Munehiro , Kambayashi Yasushi
Published: April 2020

Applying swarm intelligence techniques to software engineering problems has appealed to both researchers and practitioners in the software engineering community. This chapter describes issues and challenges of its application to formal verification, which is one of the core research fields in software engineering. Formal verification, which explores how to effectively verify software products by using mathematical technique, often suffers from two open problems. One is the so-called state explosion problem that verification tools need too many computational resources to make verification feasible. The other problem is that the results of verification have often too much complexity for users to understand. While a number of research projects have addressed these problems in the context of traditional formal verification, recent researches demonstrate that Swarm Intelligence is a promising tool to tackle the problems. This chapter presents how Swarm Intelligence can be applied to formal verification, and surveys the state-of-the-art techniques.
Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Singh Prashant Kumar
Published: April 2020

Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The global burden is estimated to be around 219 million cases in 87 countries. Natural compounds have been used primarily in the traditional medicine for thousands of years. For the treatment of malaria, natural products were used until the development of synthetic drugs, and most of the currently available anti-malarial drugs have been derived based on the compounds from these traditional medicinal plants. The current chapter tries to briefly indicate the emerging resistance against anti-malarial drugs and to discuss the recent research on natural products that have been evaluated for anti-malarial activity. Rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines is required along with identification of active constituents in order to develop new drugs with novel mechanisms of action.
Corporate Governance and Firm Innovation
Authors: Ossorio Mario
Published: April 2020

Innovation is a key factor for firms' competitive advantage in the long-term and for their financial success. Scholars highlight the underinvestment problem with respect of R&D investment. This chapter focuses on two relevant variables of corporate governance that influence firms' innovation performance: firm ownership and board of directors. In the first section, the effect of ownership structure on R&D investment is analyzed. More specifically, the chapter will illustrate the effects of family ownership and institutional ownership on innovation investments. The second section explores the main theoretical perspectives investigating the functions of board of directors and the main board tasks. Lastly, three attributes of board structure and their effect on R&D investments are explored.
Earnings Management and Fraud
Authors: Ibrahim Salma , Tahir Muhammad , N'Guessan Kevin
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the chapter is to provide a rounded discussion of the concept of earnings management and theories underpinning this behavior. The chapter presents an overview of the concept, with a discussion of alternative definitions and the theories related to this behavior, including the commonly discussed agency theory as well as some less-researched theories such as socioemotional wealth theory and upper echelons theory. The chapter also presents incentives that can lead to this behavior and evidence in the academic literature, followed by some examples in developed and developing countries of earnings management that spilled into fraud. The chapter concludes with a summary and some potential extensions to the academic literature.
Externally Financed Growth and Quality Accounting Information
Authors: Passos Lineker Costa
Published: April 2020

This study investigates the association between quality accounting information (QAI) and externally financed growth (EFG), taking a sample of 214 firms in Brazilian stock exchange from 1998 to 2015. EFG is estimated from the sales percentage approach to financial planning. QAI is estimated according to the accruals quality model proposed by Dechow and Dichev and modified by McNichols. The hypothesis that signaling efficient accounting information marginally influences and positively EFG is tested by multiple linear regression with estimation by OLS and could not be rejected. It is inferred that QAI is a significant attribute in contributing to the firm's access to the external financing channel. This study broadens the discussions about the themes in the Brazilian scenario, shedding light on the importance of the practice of the dissemination of quality information for the growth of firms in the Brazilian context.
Housing Insecurities and Homelessness Among Children and Unaccompanied Youth in Rural Appalachian Communities
Authors: Bender Sara , Bratton Imelda N.
Published: April 2020

Homelessness may have a profound impact on a child's physical, socio-emotional, and/or cognitive development. Cultural context may further exacerbate the impact of such circumstances. Past literature confirms that the Appalachian culture is distinct from mainstream America, suggesting that various interventions, including mental health treatment, may not be received similarly or have the same impact as they would in other communities. This chapter addresses how to support children and unaccompanied youth facing homelessness or housing insecurity within rural Appalachian communities. Existing research addresses the developmental consequences of homelessness; however, there is limited literature dedicated to understanding how the unique context of the Appalachian culture may affect these conditions. The aim of this chapter is to provide educators, counselors, and similar professionals with an overview regarding how to best support homeless children and unaccompanied youth within Appalachian communities.
Stemming the Opioid Crisis With Three-Year-Olds in Rural America
Authors: Eisenhauer Mary Jane , Gregory Anne E. , Cahill Mary Ann
Published: April 2020

The opioid crisis occurring within rural communities of America is inflicting a devastating effect on individuals, their families, and children. This amplifies a gap in the available support for families in rural communities. The national, state, and local responses to the needs have been inconsistent and uncoordinated, demanding a critical and appropriate frontline response from those who spend the most time with the youngest and most vulnerable. This chapter describes the urgency of this crisis with information about the effects of opioid and substance abuse disorder on maternal-fetal health and young children. It identifies the role of early childhood professionals as frontline responders to support children and families affected by trauma associated with opioid and substance abuse disorder.
Finding Strength in the Struggle
Authors: Crumb Loni , Clark Madeline , Long Susan M.
Published: April 2020

Poverty is an intersectional issue, as children; women; men; people of color; people who identify as lesbian, gay, or transgender; and immigrant groups are all prone to experience the multifaceted impact of poverty. People who live in rural poverty are likely to experience more severe and persistent mental health disorders. This chapter provides an overview of how rural poverty impacts the mental health and wellbeing of diverse children and families. The authors discuss issues faced by residents living in rural poverty and provide multiple strength-based strategies that behavioral service providers can use to provide culturally relevant mental healthcare in impoverished rural communities. Lastly, the authors offer suggestions for future research.
Addressing Big Issues in Small Towns
Authors: Jones Meredith , Catapano Susan
Published: April 2020

This chapter illustrates how an online graduate program for early childhood education and care professionals prepares students to take on leadership and advocacy positions and initiatives in their respective communities. Before students graduate from the program, they must develop and implement an Advocacy Research Project to apply the knowledge and skills they gained throughout the program. Situated in North Carolina, the majority of students complete their ARP in rural communities. This chapter showcases four exemplar projects developed and carried out by students in rural communities. Finally, this chapter offers implications and suggestions for university faculty who aim to prepare students to take on leadership and advocacy roles in rural settings.
Developing University-School Partnerships to Support Students and Teachers in Rural Schools
Authors: Lambert Cheryl Y. , Allen Lori , Barron Lisa
Published: April 2020

This chapter examines the potential for positive impact from partnerships between rural school districts and universities, currently underexplored and overlooked. The challenges facing rural schools offer opportunities for school districts and university partners to develop, organize, and implement strategies for productive collaboration. Examining the rural, educational landscape through the lens of children in poverty, this chapter offers a view of urgency for educational reform. This chapter examines the challenges of high-poverty, rural schools; the rationale for building university-school partnerships with rural schools; insight into building trust with rural school leaders and teachers; and suggestions for developing practical programs which benefit children in rural poverty. Practical suggestions for improving the quality of the educational experiences of children in poverty are included in this chapter.
Addressing the Teacher Recruitment and Retention Dilemma in Rural Settings
Authors: Zugelder Bryan S. , Shelton Dawn M.
Published: April 2020

This chapter addresses how an elementary education program at a large university prepares teacher candidates for success working with children and families in rural poverty through a structured, linked, K-2 language arts practicum experience that provides pedagogical training in planning, instruction, and assessment. This descriptive chapter includes a thorough account of program development and employed strategies with example tools and resources to provide the reader with contextual understanding of the methods the authors use to prepare teacher candidates for success. The described structure of the program is centered on the development and sustainable nature of the university and school partnerships, designed to provide teacher candidates with meaningful opportunities for intentional application of theory in real-world, rural settings to address the teacher recruitment and retention dilemma in the state's most economically disadvantaged rural communities, while improving the quality of life for citizens in this region of the country.
Integration of Acoustic Emission and Ultrasound for Needle Guidance in Interventional Procedures
Authors: Kewlani Laveena , Illanes Alfredo , Menze Björn , Friebe Michael
Published: April 2020

Challenges like interrupted visualization and artifacts are common during interventional surgery while guiding medical interventional devices (MIDs) such as needles, catheters, etc. This proclaims the need of efficient accessories for improving simultaneous targeting and visualization of MIDs during interventional surgeries. Diagnostic devices are often used, but only visual perception is not enough due to image-related shortcomings. This article proposes a novel approach that reads audio signals via microphone attached to the proximal end of a biopsy needle to support verification and tracking during a surgery. A needle tracking algorithm was also integrated for visual support of intervention. The algorithm acquires the audio signal due to tissue-needle interaction and simultaneously detects the needle in the ultrasound frames using progressive regional properties. The proposed combination has ability to solve problems related to MID localization during interventional procedures, where it is crucial to maintain information flow for verification and target location.
Mobile Cloud Forensic Readiness Process Model for Cloud-Based Mobile Applications
Authors: Sharma Puneet , Arora Deepak , Sakthivel T.
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, mobile cloud applications have attracted millions of smartphone users due to the proliferation of cyber technologies and a wide range of applications. Mobile cloud forensic investigation methodologies need tremendous growth due to the increasing crime incidents. The forensic readiness model plays a significant role in the forensic investigation framework by ensuring the ease of investigation to the forensic investigator. The existing forensic readiness supports either the mobile device or cloud environment, which lacks to prepare the information for the investigation. This article presents a mobile cloud forensic readiness process model to identify the factors and prepare the information that effectively supports forensic investigations. The proposed model involves requirements for the mobile cloud forensics from multiple perspectives with the aim of developing the forensic-ready system. As a result, the proposed forensic readiness model enables the mobile cloud forensic to improve the accuracy of investigation as well as reduces the investigation time significantly.
A Fuzzy Decision-Making System for the Impact of Pesticides Applied in Agricultural Fields on Human Health
Authors: Karthik S.  , Dash Saroj Kumar , Punithavelan N.
Published: April 2020

Farmers are widely applying chemical pesticides to the agricultural lands to kill weeds to reduce crop losses and to prevent diseases created by insects. By applying pesticides to the lands, typically have greater agricultural yield. As pesticides have toxic ingredients, they can create so many health problems to humans and will degrade the environment gradually. Since each pesticide is linked to some health hazards when the composition of the pesticides exceeds its limits, uncertainty arises in determining the human health hazards. Hence, fuzzy logic-based decision-making model is designed to diagnose the human health hazards. In the model, the linguistic terms are used to represent the association between pesticides and human health hazards with the aid of chemists and physicians. Fuzzy numbers are used to represent the values for the linguistic terms. Therefore, the intent of the paper is to analyze the human health hazards induced by applying different pesticides in the agricultural lands through the proposed fuzzy decision-making system.
Using Query Expansion Techniques and Content-Based Filtering for Personalizing Analysis in Big Data
Authors: Menaceur Sadek , Derdour Makhlouf , Bouramoul Abdelkrim
Published: April 2020

The recent debates on personalizing analyses in a Big Data context are one of the most solicited challenges for business intelligence (BI) administrators. The high-volume, the high-variety, and the high-velocity of Big Data have produced difficulty in storing, processing, and analyzing data in traditional systems. These 3Vs (volume, velocity, and variety) created many new challenges and make them difficult to extract the specific needs of the users. In addition, the user may be faced with the problem of disorientation; he does not know what information really corresponds to his needs. The information personalization systems aim to overcome these problems of disorientation by using a user profile. The effectiveness of the personalization system in a Big Data context is to demonstrate by the relevance and accuracy of the content of the results obtained, according to the needs of the user and the context of the research. Nevertheless, most of the recent research focused on the relational data warehouse personalizing and ignored the integration of the user context into the analysis of OLAP cubes, which is the first concerned to execute the user's multidimensional queries. To deal with this, the authors propose in this article a dynamic personalizing approach in Big Data context using OLAP cubes, based on the Content-Based Filtering, and the Query Expansion techniques. The first step in the proposal consists of processing the user queries by an enrichment technique in order to integrate the user profile and his searching context to reduce the searching space in the OLAP cube, and use the expansion technique to extend the scope of the analysis in the OLAP cube. The retrieved results are: “as relevant as possible” compared to the user's initial request. Afterward, they use information filtering techniques such as content-based filtering to personalize the analysis in the reduced data cube according to the term frequency and cosine similarity. Finally, they present a case study and experiences results to evaluate and validate their approach.
Smooth zero-entropy diffeomorphisms with ergodic derivative extension
Authors: Kunde Philipp
Published: April 2020

On any smooth compact and connected manifold of dimension 2 admitting a smooth non-trivial circle action we construct

C^\infty

-diffeomorphisms of topological entropy zero whose differential is ergodic with respect to a smooth measure in the projectivization of the tangent bundle. The proof is based on a version of the “approximation-by-conjugation”-method.
The collapsing geometry of almost Ricci-flat 4-manifolds
Authors: Lott John
Published: April 2020

We consider Riemannian 4-manifolds that Gromov–Hausdorff converge to a lower dimensional limit space, with the Ricci tensor going to zero. Among other things, we show that if the limit space is two dimensional then under some mild assumptions, the limiting four dimensional geometry away from the curvature blowup region is semiflat Kähler.
Simulating Nutrient Uptake Dynamics in Plankton Models: a Case Study for the Cilician Basin Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Akoglu Ekin
Published: April 2020

The primary productivity in the Cilician Basin is severely constrained by phosphorus limitation due to high N:P ratios in the external nutrient inputs. Therefore, special attention is required when the dynamics of plankton is modelled. Acknowledging that mathematical formulation of nutrient uptake by phytoplankton in ecosystem models is crucial as it determines the degree of realism of the representation of biogeochemical dynamics, a plankton model was developed by utilising two widely adopted approaches; i) Monod nutrient uptake kinetics, and ii) Droop nutrient uptake kinetics, to delineate the seasonality of phytoplankton in an attempt to establish a mechanistic biogeochemical model of the Cilician Basin. The model was validated against field data from Erdemli Time Series stations in the region and differences between the approaches were compared. The model successfully simulated the phosphorus limitation in the basin; however, the scenario with Droop kinetics had a better fit to the field data. Both scenarios reproduced the primary productivity in the region. Overall, the results indicated that implementation of Monod kinetics generally sufficed to represent the seasonality of phytoplankton, whereas in environments with severe temporal nutrient scarcity, i.e. the Cilician Basin, implementation of Droop kinetics is required to represent the phytoplankton dynamics more realistically.