bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refractive index sensing using ultrasonically crushed polymer optical fibers
Authors: Shimada Shumpei , Lee Heeyoung , Shizuka Makoto , Tanaka Hiroki , Hayashi Neisei , Matsumoto Yukihiro , Tanaka Yosuke , Nakamura Hitoshi , Mizuno Yosuke , Nakamura Kentaro
Published: November 2016

We demonstrate power-based refractive index (RI) sensing using an ultrasonically crushed polymer optical fiber (POF). This structure can be easily and cost-effectively fabricated within a short time (i.e., ∼1 s) without the need to employ external heat sources or chemicals. The only requirement is to simply press a horn connected to an ultrasonic transducer against part of the POF. The RI dependence of the transmitted power shows linear trends in RI ranges of ∼1.32 to ∼1.36 [coefficient: −62 dB/RIU (RI unit)] and ∼1.40 to ∼1.44 (coefficient: −257 dB/RIU). The temperature dependence of the transmitted power is also investigated.
Two acceptor levels and hopping conduction in Mn-doped GaAs
Authors: Kajikawa Yasutomo
Published: November 2016

By analysing the experimental data of the temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements, an additional acceptor level has been confirmed to exist in Mn-doped p-GaAs besides the isolated substitutional Mn acceptor level. It is found that, in most of the investigated samples, the room-temperature hole concentration is governed by the additional acceptor level rather than the isolated substitutional Mn acceptor level. The concentration of the additional acceptor level is found to increase almost in proportion to the square of the concentration of the isolated substitutional Mn acceptors, suggesting that the additional acceptor level is related to Mn dimers. This suggests that the ferromagnetism observed in more heavily Mn-doped GaAs may be attributed to Mn clusters. For some of the samples in which the characteristic of nearest-neighbour hopping conduction in the substitutional Mn acceptor impurity band is evident, the hopping activation energy is deduced and is proved to increase in proportion to the cube root of the concentration of the substitutional Mn acceptors.
Evaporation of an inkjet droplet on a flat substrate
Authors: Masuda Takashi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: November 2016

Understanding the evaporation behavior of inkjet droplets has become increasingly important as printed electronic technology develops. In this study, the evaporation phenomena of a 5–6-pL droplet were studied. Four types of non-polar liquid droplets were prepared via the inkjet method and placed on substrates with small contact-angle hystereses. The observed contact radius and contact angle during evaporation were in good agreement with the theoretical model. This model, that of diffusion-controlled evaporation, was obtained based on a microliter droplet or bulk liquid wherein the evaporation was considered to be a quasi-steady state. The square of contact radius R decreased linearly with the evaporation time t, and the gradient of the R
2 vs t plot provided the diffusivity of vapor in the air. The experimentally obtained diffusivity values were helpful for estimating the evaporation speeds and times of droplets at any contact angle.
Mining SNPs in extracellular vesicular transcriptome ofTrypanosoma cruzi: a step closer to early diagnosis of neglected Chagas disease
Authors: Gaur Pallavi , Chaturvedi Anoop
Published: November 2016

One of the newest and strongest members of intercellular communicators, the Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their enclosed RNAs; Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) have been acknowledged as putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although a very deep insight has not been possible into the physiology of these vesicles, they are believed to be involved in cell-to-cell communication and host-pathogen interactions. EVs might be significantly helpful in discovering biomarkers for possible target identification as well as prognostics, diagnostics and developing vaccines. In recent studies, highly bioactive EVs have drawn attention of parasitologists for being able to communicate between different cells and having likeliness of reflecting both source and target environments. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has eased the way to have a deeper insight into these vesicles and their roles in various diseases. This article arises from bioinformatics-based analysis and predictive data mining of transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data of EVs, derived from different life stages ofTrypanosoma cruzi; a causing agent of neglected Chagas disease. Variants (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)) were mined from Extracellular vesicular transcriptomic data and functionally analyzed using different bioinformatics based approaches. Functional analysis showed the association of these variants with various important factors like Trans-Sialidase (TS), Alpha Tubulin, P-Type H+-ATPase, etc. which, in turn, are associated with disease in different ways. Some of the ‘candidate SNPs’ were found to be stage-specific, which strengthens the probability of finding stage-specific biomarkers. These results may lead to a better understanding of Chagas disease, and improved knowledge may provide further development of the biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis and drug development for treating Chagas disease.
Evaluadores 2016 Agradecimiento Editorial
Authors: Psykhe Equipo Editorial
Published: November 2016

Como toda revista científica que utiliza el sistema de pares evaluadores, la revista Psykhe recibe la valiosa colaboración de numerosos académicos e investigadores de instituciones de variadas latitudes. Todos/as ellos/as aceptan desinteresadamente evaluar en el sistema de doble ciego los artículos que se les envían para su revisión. Nuestro equipo editorial reconoce la labor de cada uno de ellos/as, junto con la de los/as miembros del Comité Editorial. Sin la contribución de los evaluadores, mantener una revista de calidad sería casi imposible. A continuación, se señalan los nombres de los evaluadores que contribuyeron durante el año 2016. Pensamos que la calidad de la revista, en un importante sentido, se debe al aporte de tiempo y experticia de quienes aparecen nombrados.
Identidades Laborales y Ética del Trabajo Público en Tiempos de Rendición de Cuentas
Authors: Fardella Carla , Sisto Vicente , Morales Karol , Rivera Guillermo , Soto Rodrigo
Published: November 2016

Desde la perspectiva de los estudios psicosociales de identidades laborales, este artículo analiza cómo los dispositivos de rendición de cuentas, promovidos por las actuales orientaciones en gestión pública, son significados y valorados a nivel local. Inserto en una investigación mayor a 3 años plazo, este artículo reporta el análisis de las entrevistas realizadas en el contexto de un estudio de casos múltiples de tipo etnográfico que incluyó 2 centros de atención primaria de salud, 2 escuelas municipalizadas y 2 organismos ejecutores de políticas sociales de Santiago y Valparaíso (Chile), escogidos mediante un muestreo teórico. Se analizaron 82 entrevistas a profesores, profesionales de salud primaria y de políticas sociales. Los resultados muestran como los entrevistados establecen una disputa en torno a cuáles son los contenidos de su trabajo, describiendo que lo prescrito por los dispositivos de rendición de cuentas no se corresponde con aquello que es y debe ser su trabajo. Las acciones y valoraciones defendidas por los entrevistados responden a lo que otros investigadores han denominado ética del trabajo público, la que estaría siendo debilitada por estos dispositivos.
Satisfacción Global con la Vida y Satisfacción Escolar en Estudiantes Chilenos
Authors: Alfaro Jaime , Guzmán Javier , Reyes Fernando , García Catalina , Varela Jorge , Sirlopú David
Published: November 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre diversos aspectos de la experiencia escolar con la satisfacción escolar y la satisfacción global con la vida en una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 1.433 estudiantes de 10 a 14 años de 3 ciudades de Chile (791 hombres y 642 mujeres). Se utilizó la Escala de Satisfacción Global con la Vida, el Índice General de Satisfacción por Ámbitos y la International Survey on Children's Well-Being. Diez predictores fueron analizados con regresión lineal múltiple, ajustándose modelos que explicaron la varianza de la satisfacción global con la vida y de la satisfacción escolar en un 6% y un 36%, respectivamente. Particularmente, la satisfacción con las notas y la satisfacción con los compañeros fueron los mejores predictores de los modelos evaluados. Mediante regresión logística binaria, el modelo ajustado explicó el 76% de la varianza de satisfacción escolar, clasificando correctamente un 87% de los casos. En general, estos resultados identifican algunos determinantes del contexto escolar que afectan la satisfacción de los escolares y que pueden ser usados en futuras investigaciones e intervenciones.
O CONCEITO DE EXTRA-CAMPO NO CINEMA: O PLANO DO INVISÍVEL
Authors: Weschefelder Ricardo
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo procuramos ampliar a discussão sobre o conceito do extra-campo no cinema. O plano cinematográfico, seja em enquadramento fixo ou móvel, é o território que promove a dialética entre o interior e exterior da cena. A nossa discussão é sob a perspectiva do simbólico, em diálogo com Walter Benjamin, vendo o plano como camada, estado e dimensão da imagem. Esta outra dimensão - seu plano invisível - parece que, se mostra a ver, mais em função do tempo do que do espaço. O espaço tende a reduzir e confinar a imagem em seu território demarcado. O tempo, por outro lado, pode criar noções entre passado, presente e futuro no plano da imagem. O tempo intrínseco da narrativa faz com que os quadros retornem de outra maneira, remetam a outros quadros e, sobretudo, deixem rastros na passagem das imagens e dos sons em movimento.
CONEXÕES HISTÓRICAS ENTRE LINGUAGEM E JORNALISMO
Authors: Junior Carlos Borges
Published: November 2016

Este artigo aponta conexões históricas que permitem discutir o jornalismo enquanto ato singular de língua(gem). O estudo registra o percurso da fala à escrita para constituição social da linguagem e em seguida passa a discutir algumas conexões históricas entre linguagem e jornalismo para problematizar o jornalismo enquanto ato de linguagem. A discussão bibliográfica permite localizar momentos de intersecção entre os campos desde o registro de informações nas paredes das cavernas, na Grécia pré-socrática e na retórica; Idade Média e Renascimento; Iluminismo; Tempos Modernos e Contemporâneos. Todos alicerçados a partir do recorte linguagem e jornalismo. Entre os fundamentos teóricos destacam-se Cagliari (2002), Bakhtin (2011), Gomes (2000), Sousa (2008), Lage (2005), entre outros.
FORMA DE VIDA FEMININA NA REVISTA VOCÊ S/A: UMA ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA DO PERCURSO DE EMPODERAMENTO DO ATOR MULHER EXECUTIVA CONTEMPORANÊA
Authors: Oliveira Raíssa , Nascimento Edna
Published: November 2016

A presente pesquisa busca, com base no aparato teórico-metodológico da semiótica francesa, principalmente nos recentes estudos acerca das “formas de vida”, conceito que tem motivado uma ampliação da noção de “ator”, compreender o percurso de empoderamento do ator mulher executiva contemporânea dentro do cenário corporativo brasileiro. Para tanto, três matérias veiculadas na revista VOCÊ S/A foram selecionadas: “Mulheres no poder”, “Garotas Superpoderosas” e “As rainhas da Ambev”. Nossa hipótese inicial, confirmada ao final das análises, mostra que papéis e comportamentos tradicionalmente femininos são reiteradamente valorizados pelo enunciador do periódico, motivando o enunciatário a adotar um modo de fazer, ser, sentir e viver que, em princípio arrojado e de caráter unidimensional, revela-se, de fato, equilibrado, marcado por um estilo pluridimensional de vida. Assim sendo, a forma de vida feminina configurada acaba por revelar um ator capaz de galgar os mais altos escalões no espaço corporativo sem perder a elegância, a sensibilidade, a afetividade e a generosidade, em outras palavras, sem deixar de ser a feminina, doce e maternal mulher. Isso nos permite concluir que o percurso de empoderamento do ator mulher executiva contemporânea ainda está marcado por grandes e silenciosas permanências que, embora possam enfraquecer a constituição da identidade da mulher contemporânea, parecem, para o enunciador do periódico, fortalecer a figura mítica da executiva “poderosa”, que concilia papéis, comportamentos e estilos de liderança diversos.
EXPRESSÃO E MOVIMENTO & CONTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIAS NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES NO VALE DO ITAJAÍ/SC
Authors: Fuhrmann Ivana Vitória Deeke
Published: November 2016

O estudo apresenta como objetivo efetuar um trabalho de mediação cênica a fim de garantir a qualificação de processos de ensino e aprendizagem em artes cênicas por meio de oficinas de jogos teatrais, dança e movimento, ofertadas aos professores de Educação Infantil e Básica vinculados às Secretarias de Educação conveniadas com o Programa Institucional Arte na Escola (PIAE), polo FURB- Blumenau/SC. Assim sendo, o locus de investigação foi o projeto de extensão universitária “O jogo teatral na escola”, vinculado ao PIAE. O referido projeto iniciou em 2011 e oferece formação continuada. O artigo traz à cena a trajetória percorrida e resultados alcançados entre 2011 e 2016 onde foram oferecidas oficinas de jogos teatrais, identidade corporal, percussão corporal, movimento e ritmo e contação de histórias. Como recorte principal, encontram-se depoimentos dos professores de Educação Infantil e Básica que participaram das oficinas em 2016/1 intitulada “Movimento e Expressividade na Contação de Histórias”. Tal atividade atingiu público direto de 82 professores de Indaial e Jaraguá do Sul e um público indireto de 4.723 composto pelos alunos dos professores que cursaram as oficinas. Foram trabalhados os benefícios do movimento na qualidade de vida de professores e alunos, o gesto cênico, criação e elaboração de cenas na contação de histórias, exercícios de ação e reação. Tais dinâmicas possibilitam a democratização da cultura e viabilizam o acesso a bens simbólicos, bem como, proporcionam ampliar o conhecimento da linguagem cênica de professores e alunos. Os instrumentos de avaliação das ações do projeto foram efetuados através de protocolos, relatórios lúdicos, depoimentos orais e escritos, bem como, descrição de sensações. A avaliação investiga o alcance dos objetivos e de que maneira as atividades pedagógicas realizadas podem refletir na prática docente do participante. Amparados no referencial teórico de Spolin, Bourdieu e Marques os dados indicam a ampliação do repertório artístico/cultural, estimulo à interdisciplinaridade desenvolvendo um maior conhecimento corporal e do espaço cênico que por sua vez reflete positivamente na práxis pedagógica do professor.
The Representation of Depression in Canadian Print News
Authors: Cummings Laura A. M. , Konkle Anne T. M.
Published: November 2016

This study analyzed a retrospective sample of articles from 12 major Canadian newspapers to characterize messages about depression in print media. Major themes were positive and focused on promoting awareness and disseminating research findings. Stories often relied on expertise, but seldom included input from those affected by a mental illness. More than half the articles used improper language. Articles rarely provided information to find additional resources. Findings may guide future analyses and programs aimed at improving media coverage of mental illness.
Development of geopolitically relevant ranking criteria for geoengineering methods
Authors: Boyd Philip W.
Published: November 2016

A decade has passed since Paul Crutzen published his editorial essay on the potential for stratospheric geoengineering to cool the climate in the Anthropocene. He synthesized the effects of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption on the planet's radiative budget and used this large‐scale event to broaden and deepen the debate on the challenges and opportunities of large‐scale geoengineering. Pinatubo had pronounced effects, both in the short and longer term (months to years), on the ocean, land, and the atmosphere. This rich set of data on how a large‐scale natural event influences many regional and global facets of the Earth System provides a comprehensive viewpoint to assess the wider ramifications of geoengineering. Here, I use the Pinatubo archives to develop a range of geopolitically relevant ranking criteria for a suite of different geoengineering approaches. The criteria focus on the spatial scales needed for geoengineering and whether large‐scale dispersal is a necessary requirement for a technique to deliver significant cooling or carbon dioxide reductions. These categories in turn inform whether geoengineering approaches are amenable to participation (the “democracy of geoengineering”) and whether they will lead to transboundary issues that could precipitate geopolitical conflicts. The criteria provide the requisite detail to demarcate different geoengineering approaches in the context of geopolitics. Hence, they offer another tool that can be used in the development of a more holistic approach to the debate on geoengineering.
Dissolved organic matter composition of Arctic rivers: Linking permafrost and parent material to riverine carbon
Authors: O'Donnell Jonathan A. , Aiken George R. , Swanson David K. , Panda Santosh , Butler Kenna D. , Baltensperger Andrew P.
Published: November 2016

Recent climate change in the Arctic is driving permafrost thaw, which has important implications for regional hydrology and global carbon dynamics. Permafrost is an important control on groundwater dynamics and the amount and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by high‐latitude rivers. The consequences of permafrost thaw for riverine DOM dynamics will likely vary across space and time, due in part to spatial variation in ecosystem properties in Arctic watersheds. Here we examined watershed controls on DOM composition in 69 streams and rivers draining heterogeneous landscapes across a broad region of Arctic Alaska. We characterized DOM using bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, optical properties, and chemical fractionation and classified watersheds based on permafrost characteristics (mapping of parent material and ground ice content, modeling of thermal state) and ecotypes. Parent material and ground ice content significantly affected the amount and composition of DOM. DOC concentrations were higher in watersheds underlain by fine‐grained loess compared to watersheds underlain by coarse‐grained sand or shallow bedrock. DOC concentration was also higher in rivers draining ice‐rich landscapes compared to rivers draining ice‐poor landscapes. Similarly, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254, an index of DOM aromaticity) values were highest in watersheds underlain by fine‐grained deposits or ice‐rich permafrost. We also observed differences in hydrophobic organic acids, hydrophilic compounds, and DOM fluorescence across watersheds. Both DOC concentration and SUVA254 were negatively correlated with watershed active layer thickness, as determined by high‐resolution permafrost modeling. Together, these findings highlight how spatial variations in permafrost physical and thermal properties can influence riverine DOM.
Scaling laws for coastal overwash morphology
Authors: Lazarus Eli D.
Published: November 2016

Overwash is a physical process of coastal sediment transport driven by storm events and is essential to landscape resilience in low‐lying barrier environments. This work establishes a comprehensive set of scaling laws for overwash morphology: unifying quantitative descriptions with which to compare overwash features by their morphological attributes across case examples. Such scaling laws also help relate overwash features to other morphodynamic phenomena. Here morphometric data from a physical experiment are compared with data from natural examples of overwash features. The resulting scaling relationships indicate scale invariance spanning several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, these new relationships for overwash morphology align with classic scaling laws for fluvial drainages and alluvial fans.
A quasi‐global assessment of changes in remotely sensed rainfall extremes with temperature
Authors: Wasko C. , Parinussa R. M. , Sharma A.
Published: November 2016

The dependence between extreme rainfall and temperature is used to understand climatic relationships, constrain model predictions, and evaluate future changes to rainfall. Understanding this dependence, however, is limited by the fact that many areas worldwide lack gauged data, particularly at short time scales. The advent of remote sensing allows a new insight into this dependence quasi‐globally. Here we address whether remotely sensed daily rainfall and temperature can be used in ungauged areas to understand extreme rainfall scaling with temperature. Using the multisensor Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 (v7) rainfall product and remotely sensed air temperature, we examine the spatial homogeneity in remotely sensed rainfall scaling with temperature and demonstrate that it replicates the spatial variation in the scaling observed in ground data. Finally, changes to duration and percentile are examined showing that the scaling response is climatologically sensitive.
Valley floor aeolianite in an equatorial pit crater on Mars
Authors: Bourke M. C. , Viles H. A.
Published: November 2016

High and low albedo lineations in a valley entering a pit in Lucaya crater are overlain by a currently immobile dune field. We propose that they are an aeolianite that formed as the overlying dunes migrated. Implicit in this is the suggestion that available water promoted early cementation of evaporitic minerals. We propose that the deposit likely resulted from a combination of locally sourced carbonate minerals and transient groundwater, both of which were made available after the formation of the pit crater. We do not exclude other aerial or subsurface sources of soluble minerals. We report on a pilot regional reconnaissance of images that finds the alternating albedo of dune sediments in Lucaya crater is found elsewhere on Mars. This suggests a regional sediment source at the time of dune activity. We examine a coastal interdune site in Namibia as an analogue for early geochemical cementation and interdune microtopography similar to the features observed on Mars. We find that the curvilinear interdune strata at the field site in Namibia are the preserved lee slope facies deposited by the dune as it migrated. Early cementation occurs in the interdune vadose zone due to precipitation of salts from groundwater. The formation of aeolianite in Lucaya crater supports suggestions by others that moisture is available for a significant period following crater formation. Moreover, it suggests that groundwater flow is sustained near the surface as well as in the deeper subsurface.
Importance of the Gulf of Mexico as a climate driver for U.S. severe thunderstorm activity
Authors: Molina M. J. , Timmer R. P. , Allen J. T.
Published: November 2016

Different features of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), such as the Loop Current and warm‐core rings, are found to influence monthly‐to‐seasonal severe weather occurrence in different regions of the United States (U.S.). The warmer (cooler) the GOM sea surface temperatures, the more (less) hail and tornadoes occur during March–May over the southern U.S. This pattern is reflected physically in boundary layer specific humidity and mixed‐layer convective available potential energy, two large‐scale atmospheric conditions favorable for severe weather occurrence. This relationship is complicated by interactions between the GOM and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but persists when analyzing ENSO neutral conditions. This suggests that the GOM can influence hail and tornado occurrence and provides another source of regional predictability for seasonal severe weather.
Postmidnight ionospheric troughs in summer at high latitudes
Authors: Voiculescu M. , Nygrén T. , Aikio A. T. , Vanhamäki H. , Pierrard V.
Published: November 2016

In this article we identify possible mechanisms for the formation of postmidnight ionospheric troughs during summer, in sunlit plasma. Four events were identified in measurements of European Incoherent Scatter and ESR radars during CP3 experiments, when the ionosphere was scanned in a meridional plan. The spatial and temporal variation of plasma density, ion, and electron temperatures were analyzed for each of the four events. Super Dual Auroral Radar Network plasma velocity measurements were added, when these were available. For all high‐latitude troughs the ion temperatures are high at density minima (within the trough), at places where the convection plasma velocity is eastward and high. There is no significant change in electron temperature inside the trough, regardless of its temporal evolution. We find that troughs in sunlit plasma form in two steps: the trough starts to form when energetic electron precipitation leads to faster recombination in the F region, and it deepens when entering a region with high eastward flow, producing frictional heating and further depleting the plasma. The high‐latitude plasma convection plays an important role in formation and evolution of troughs in the postmidnight sector in sunlit plasma. During one event a second trough is identified at midlatitudes, with different characteristics, which is most likely produced by a rapid subauroral ion drift in the premidnight sector.
Carbon isotope offsets between benthic foraminifer species of the genus Cibicides (Cibicidoides) in the glacial sub‐Antarctic Atlantic
Authors: Gottschalk Julia , Vázquez Riveiros Natalia , Waelbroeck Claire , Skinner Luke C. , Michel Elisabeth , Duplessy Jean‐Claude , Hodell David , Mackensen Andreas
Published: November 2016

Epibenthic foraminifer δ13C measurements are valuable for reconstructing past bottom water dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C (δ13CDIC), which are used to infer global ocean circulation patterns. Epibenthic δ13C, however, may also reflect the influence of 13C‐depleted phytodetritus, microhabitat changes, and/or variations in carbonate ion concentrations. Here we compare the δ13C of two benthic foraminifer species, Cibicides kullenbergi and Cibicides wuellerstorfi, and their morphotypes, in three sub‐Antarctic Atlantic sediment cores over several glacial‐interglacial transitions. These species are commonly assumed to be epibenthic, living above or directly below the sediment‐water interface. While this might be consistent with the small δ13C offset that we observe between these species during late Pleistocene interglacial periods (Δδ13C = −0.19 ± 0.31‰, N = 63), it is more difficult to reconcile with the significant δ13C offset that is found between these species during glacial periods (Δδ13C = −0.76 ± 0.44‰, N = 44). We test possible scenarios by analyzing Uvigerina spp. δ13C and benthic foraminifer abundances: (1) C. kullenbergi δ13C is biased to light values either due to microhabitat shifts or phytodetritus effects and (2) C. wuellerstorfi δ13C is biased to heavy values, relative to long‐term average conditions, for instance by recording the sporadic occurrence of less depleted deepwater δ13CDIC. Neither of these scenarios can be ruled out unequivocally. However, our findings emphasize that supposedly epibenthic foraminifer δ13C in the sub‐Antarctic Atlantic may reflect several factors rather than being solely a function of bottom water δ13CDIC. This could have a direct bearing on the interpretation of extremely light South Atlantic δ13C values at the Last Glacial Maximum.
Cultivating Community Psychology for Future Generations: Symbiosis, Synergy, and Separation
Authors: Kloos Bret
Published: November 2016

As we near the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of a community psychology division of the American Psychological Association, there are reasons to be concerned about the sustainability of the field. This commentary proposes a need for deliberate, systematic efforts to cultivate settings that can sustain the field. A framework for outreach to build symbiotic relationships and synergistic collaborations with persons who do not identify as community psychologists is proposed. Simultaneously, a strategy of separation from other disciplines may be needed in some circumstances to conserve settings that sustain the field. Finding a balance in these strategies is necessary to cultivate community psychology for future generations.
Reflections on a Community Psychology Setting and the Future of the Field
Authors: Kaufman Joy S. , Connell Christian M. , Crusto Cindy A. , Gordon Derrick M. , Sartor Carolyn E. , Simon Patricia , Strambler Michael J. , Sullivan Tami P. , Ward Nadia L. , Weiss Nicole Holland , Tebes Jacob Kraemer
Published: November 2016

The 50th anniversary of the Swampscott Conference offers an opportunity to reflect on a community psychology setting, The Consultation Center at Yale, that was formed in response to the 1963 Community Mental Health Act and the 1965 Swampscott Conference. The Center has flourished as a community psychology setting for practice, research, and training for 39 of the 50 years since Swampscott. Its creation and existence over this period offers an opportunity for reflection on the types of settings needed to sustain the field into the future.
Drugs, Sex, and Condoms: Identification and Interpretation of Race‐Specific Cultural Messages Influencing Black Gay and Bisexual Young Men Living with HIV
Authors: Harper Gary W. , Tyler April Timmons , Bruce Douglas , Graham Louis , Wade Ryan M. ,   the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
Published: November 2016

Black gay and bisexual young men carry a disproportionate burden of HIV in the United States. This study explored Black gay and bisexual young men living with HIV's identification and interpretation of race‐specific cultural messages regarding substance use, sexual activity, and condom use. A total of 36 Black gay and bisexual young men living with HIV (ages 16–24, mean = 20.6 years) from four geographically diverse regions of the United States participated in qualitative in‐depth interviews. Results from this study elucidate the ways in which these young men interpret various forms of race‐specific cultural messages and experiences regarding substance use, sexual activity, and condom use. Participants discussed cultural messages and experiences promoting and discouraging condoms and substance use. Regarding sexual activity, only messages and experiences promoting sex were reported. Across all three categories, messages and experiences promoting risk were predominant. Data further revealed that socially transmitted cultural messages received by young men emanated from multiple sources, such as family, peers, sexual partners, community/neighborhood, and the broader society. Race‐specific cultural messages and experiences should be addressed in interventions for this population, and programs should assist young men in developing a critical consciousness regarding these messages and experiences in order to promote health and well‐being.
Hepcidin detects iron deficiency in Sri Lankan adolescents with a high burden of hemoglobinopathy: A diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Wray Katherine , Allen Angela , Evans Emma , Fisher Chris , Premawardhena Anuja , Perera Lakshman , Rodrigo Rexan , Goonathilaka Gayan , Ramees Lebbe , Webster Craig , Armitage Andrew E , Prentice Andrew M , Weatherall David J , Drakesmith Hal , Pasricha Sant‐Rayn
Published: November 2016

Anemia affects over 800 million women and children globally. Measurement of hepcidin as an index of iron status shows promise, but its diagnostic performance where hemoglobinopathies are prevalent is unclear. We evaluated the performance of hepcidin as a diagnostic test of iron deficiency in adolescents across Sri Lanka.

We selected 2273 samples from a nationally representative cross‐sectional study of 7526 secondary schoolchildren across Sri Lanka and analyzed associations between hepcidin and participant characteristics, iron indices, inflammatory markers, and hemoglobinopathy states. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of hepcidin as a test for iron deficiency with estimation of the AUCROC, sensitivity/specificity at each hepcidin cutoff, and calculation of the Youden Index to find the optimal threshold.

Hepcidin was associated with ferritin, sTfR, and hemoglobin. The AUCROC for hepcidin as a test of iron deficiency was 0.78; hepcidin outperformed Hb and sTfR. The Youden index‐predicted cutoff to detect iron deficiency (3.2 ng/mL) was similar to thresholds previously identified to predict iron utilization and identify deficiency in African populations. Neither age, sex, nor α‐ or β‐thalassemia trait affected diagnostic properties of hepcidin. Hepcidin pre‐screening would prevent most iron‐replete thalassemia carriers from receiving iron whilst still ensuring most iron deficient children were supplemented. Our data indicate that the physiological relationship between hepcidin and iron status transcends specific populations. Measurement of hepcidin in individuals or populations could establish the need for iron interventions.
Micelles, Bicelles, and Nanodiscs: Comparing the Impact of Membrane Mimetics on Membrane Protein Backbone Dynamics
Authors: Frey Lukas , Lakomek Nils‐Alexander , Riek Roland , Bibow Stefan
Published: November 2016

Detergents are often used to investigate the structure and dynamics of membrane proteins. Whereas the structural integrity seems to be preserved in detergents for many membrane proteins, their functional activity is frequently compromised, but can be restored in a lipid environment. Herein we show with per‐residue resolution that while OmpX forms a stable β‐barrel in DPC detergent micelles, DHPC/DMPC bicelles, and DMPC nanodiscs, the pico‐ to nanosecond and micro‐ to millisecond motions differ substantially between the detergent and lipid environment. In particular for the β‐strands, there is pronounced dynamic variability in the lipid environment, which appears to be suppressed in micelles. This unexpected complex and membrane‐mimetic‐dependent dynamic behavior indicates that the frequent loss of membrane protein activity in detergents might be related to reduced internal dynamics and that membrane protein activity correlates with lipid flexibility.
Bigger and Brighter Fluorenes: Facile π‐Expansion, Brilliant Emission and Sensing of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Ramakrishna Jagarapu , Venkatakrishnan Parthasarathy
Published: November 2016

π‐Expanded butterfly‐like 2D fluorenes and 3D spirobifluorenes 1–5 were synthesized via a DDQ‐mediated oxidative cyclization strategy with a high regioselectivity. Through structural modification via π‐expansion, it was possible to achieve near‐ultraviolet absorption, bright‐blue emission, very high near‐unity fluorescence quantum yields in solution as well as in film states, and deep‐lying HOMO energy levels with excellent thermal stabilities. Furthermore, these electron‐rich compounds displayed a notable behavior towards sensing of nitroaromatic explosives, such as picric acid, up to a detection limit of 0.2 ppb.
Application of THz Vibrational Spectroscopy to Molecular Characterization and the Theoretical Fundamentals: An Illustration Using Saccharide Molecules
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Houng‐Wei , Tominaga Keisuke , Hayashi Michitoshi , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko
Published: November 2016

This work illustrates several theoretical fundamentals for the application of THz vibrational spectroscopy to molecular characterization in the solid state using two different types of saccharide systems as examples. Four subjects have been specifically addressed: (1) the qualitative differences in the molecular vibrational signatures monitored by THz and mid‐IR vibrational spectroscopy; (2) the selection rules for THz vibrational spectroscopy as applied to crystalline and amorphous systems; (3) a normal mode simulation, using α‐l‐xylose as an example; and (4) a rigorous mode analysis to quantify the percentage contributions of the intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations to the normal mode of interest.
Genomic approaches to the assessment of human spina bifida risk
Authors: Ross M. Elizabeth , Mason Christopher E. , Finnell Richard H.
Published: November 2016

Structural birth defects are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children world‐wide, affecting as much as 6% of all live births. Among these conditions, neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, arise from a combination of complex gene and environment interactions that are as yet poorly understood within human populations. Rapid advances in massively parallel DNA sequencing and bioinformatics allow for analyses of the entire genome beyond the 2% of the genomic sequence covering protein coding regions. Efforts to collect and analyze these large datasets hold promise for illuminating gene network variations and eventually epigenetic events that increase individual risk for failure to close the neural tube. In this review, we discuss current challenges for DNA genome sequence analysis of NTD affected populations, and compare experience in the field with other complex genetic disorders for which large datasets are accumulating. The ultimate goal of this research is to find strategies for optimizing conditions that promote healthy birth outcomes for individual couples. Birth Defects Research 109:120–128, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of lapatinib or trastuzumab, alone and in combination, in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xin Yong , Guo Wen Wen , Huang Qian , Zhang Pei , Zhang Long‐Zhen , Jiang Guan , Tian Ye
Published: November 2016

This meta‐analysis compared the efficiency and safety of lapatinib and trastuzumab, alone or in combination, administered with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer. For dichotomous variables, the relative risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate outcome measures: pathological complete response (pCR), neutropenia, diarrhea, dermatologic toxicity, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Eight randomized controlled trials of 2350 participants (837 receiving lapatinib, 913 trastuzumab, and 555 combination therapy) were selected to compare the efficiency and safety of lapatinib to trastuzumab. A significant difference was found between lapatinib and trastuzumab for pCR (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; Z = 3.00; P = 0.003). In six studies, a significant difference was found between trastuzumab and combination therapy for pCR (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18–1.50; Z = 4.70; P < 0.00001), diarrhea (RR = 14.59, 95% CI: 7.69–27.67; Z = 8.20; P < 0.00001), and dermatologic toxicity (RR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.61–5.96; Z = 3.39; P = 0.007), but none was found for neutropenia (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.82–2.31; Z = 1.22; P = 0.22) or CHF (RR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.02–1.17; Z = 1.02; P = 0.07). Combination therapy compared to trastuzumab alone increases the pCR rate of HER2‐positive breast cancer patients with no additional cardiac events. Trastuzumab, which is still the first‐line therapy in breast cancer, increases the pCR rate more than lapatinib.
Bivalent Display of Dicysteine on Peptide Nucleic Acids for Homogenous DNA/RNA Detection through in Situ Fluorescence Labelling
Authors: Fang Ge‐min , Seitz Oliver
Published: November 2016

Fluorogenic probes that signal the presence of specific DNA or RNA sequences are key enabling tools for molecular disease diagnosis and imaging studies. Usually, at least one fluorophore is attached through covalent bonding to an oligonucleotide probe. However, the additional conjugation step increases costs. Here we introduce a method that avoids the requirement for the preparation of fluorescence‐labelled oligonucleotides and provides the opportunity to alter the fluorogenic reporter dye without resynthesis. The method is based on adjacent hybridization of two dicysteine‐containing peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes to form a bipartite tetracysteine motif that binds profluorescent bisarsenical dyes such as FIAsH, ReAsH or CrAsH. Binding is accompanied by strong increases in fluorescence emission (with response factors of up to 80‐fold and high brightness up to 50 mL mol−1 cm−1). The detection system provides sub‐nanomolar limits of detection and allows discrimination of single nucleotide variations through more than 20‐fold changes in fluorescence intensity. To demonstrate its usefulness, the FIAsH‐based readout of the bivalent CysCys‐PNA display was interfaced with a rolling‐circle amplification (RCA) assay used to detect disease‐associated microRNA let‐7a.
Fused Bicyclic Caspase‐1 Inhibitors Assembled by Copper‐Free Strain‐Promoted Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition (SPAAC)
Authors: Qian Linghui , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Wu Ji'en , Yao Shao Q.
Published: November 2016

Challenges exist in the development of potent and selective small‐molecule inhibitors against caspase‐1. Herein, by making use of the copper‐free strain‐promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction between difluorinated cyclooctynes (DIFOs) and various azide‐containing compounds, we showed for the first time that potential caspase‐1 inhibitors could be rapidly synthesized. The resulting fused bicyclic compounds structurally resembled the central portion (P2–P3) of Pralnacasan (a well‐known small molecule caspase‐1 inhibitor), with diversity at the P4‐position of the parental inhibitor conveniently installed from the azide component. Since our SPAAC‐assembled inhibitor library was synthesized by using a copper‐free bioorthogonal chemistry, the resulting 52‐membered library (2 DIFOs×26 azides) was immediately ready for subsequent cell‐based screening for rapid identification of potential cell‐permeable hits capable of effectively inhibiting endogenous caspase‐1 activities. C1FS, a recently reported fluorogenic two‐photon probe, which possesses improved live‐cell imaging sensitivity against endogenous caspase‐1, was used both in vitro and in LPS/ATP‐induced macrophages (a well‐established caspase‐1‐activated cell model) to screen against selected compounds from the above‐mentioned library, leading to subsequent discovery of a novel caspase‐1 inhibitor named b7‐b.
A Prediction of Proton‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones in Lewis Basic Solvent through Facile Splitting of Hydrogen Molecules
Authors: Heshmat Mojgan , Privalov Timofei
Published: November 2016

A ketone's carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and harbors a part of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the carbonyl group, resembling a Lewis acidic center; under the right circumstances it exhibits very useful chemical reactivity, although the natural electrophilicity of the ketone's carbonyl carbon is often not strong enough on its own to produce such reactivity. Quantum chemical calculations predict that a proton shared between a ketone and the Lewis basic solvent molecule (dioxane or THF) activates carbonyl carbon to the point of enabling a facile heterolytic splitting of H2. Proton‐catalyzed hydrogenation of a ketone in Lewis basic solvent is the result. The mechanism involves the interaction of H2 with the enhanced Lewis acidity of a carbonyl carbon and the free Lewis basic solvent molecule polarizes H2 and enables the hydride‐type attack on carbonyl carbon, which is very strongly influenced by the proton shared between a ketone and solvent. The hydride‐type attack on carbon is reminiscent of the splitting of H2 by singlet carbenes except that, in this case, a Lewis base from the surrounding environment (solvent) is necessary for polarization of H2 and acceptance of the proton resulting from the heterolytic splitting of H2.
Stereospecific Synthesis of Fluoroalkenes by Silver‐Mediated Fluorination of Functionalized Alkenylstannanes
Authors: Sommer Heiko , Fürstner Alois
Published: November 2016

The known procedures for the conversion of alkenylstannanes into the corresponding fluoroalkenes suffer from largely variable yields and a limited compatibility with functional groups; most notably, protodestannation becomes a serious issue whenever protic sites are present in the substrate. Outlined in this paper is a convenient alternative with a much improved application profile, which is largely unperturbed by free alcohols and amides of all sorts. Key to success is the use of F‐TEDA‐PF6 in combination with non‐hygroscopic and bench‐stable silver phosphinate (AgOP(O)Ph2) that acts as an essentially neutral, non‐nucleophilic promotor and effective tin‐scavenger at the same time. This new method opens many opportunities for late‐stage fluorination of elaborate compounds far beyond the scope of the literature procedures, as witnessed by the preparation of a fluorinated macrolide antibiotic, a fluorinated prostaglandin derivative, and a set of fluorinated amino acid surrogates and peptide isosteres.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Na2HfSi2O7 by Rietveld Refinement.
Authors: Massoni Nicolas , Chevreux Pierrick
Published: November 2016

In view of the problematic laboratory work with radioactive actinides, Hf is used as a U replacer to investigate the reaction with Na—Si—O glasses at high temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting Ce3Pt4Ge6 — Crystal Structure and Physical Properties.
Authors: Janka Oliver , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Eilers‐Rethwisch Matthias , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Niehaus Oliver , Poettgen Rainer
Published: November 2016

High quality single crystals of Ce3Pt4Ge6 are obtained by repeated arc melting of the elements under Ar and subsequent annealing just below the melting point (2 h; slow cooling to 25 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: The Parent Li(OH)FeSe Phase of Lithium Iron Hydroxide Selenide Superconductors.
Authors: Woodruff Daniel N. , Schild Francesca , Topping Craig V. , Cassidy Simon J. , Blandy Jack N. , Blundell Stephen J. , Thompson Amber L. , Clarke Simon J.
Published: November 2016

Lithiation of Li1‐xFex(OH)Fe1‐ySe leads to high‐temperature superconductivity when iron ions are displaced from the hydroxide layers to fill the vacancies in the iron selenide layers.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocubic KTi2(PO4)3 Electrodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Han Jin , Niu Yubin , Bao Shu‐juan , Yu Ya‐Nan , Lu Shi‐Yu , Xu Maowen
Published: November 2016

Nanocubic KTi2(PO4)3 is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of TiO2, KH2PO4, and H3PO4 (autoclave, 180 °C, 48 h) followed by annealing (Ar flow, 500 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimensional Zinc Selenophosphates: A2ZnP2Se6 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Haynes Alyssa S. , Lee Katherine , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: November 2016

The title compounds are prepared via molten salt flux syntheses from 2:1:2:10 molar mixtures of M2Se (M: K, Rb, Cs), Zn, P2Se5, and Se (evacuated silica tubes, 500 °C, 72 h; 95, 85, and 50% yields, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Polarization and High Temperature Monoclinic Phase in a Lead‐Free Perovskite of Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3‐BiFeO3.
Authors: Chen Jun , et al.
Published: November 2016

The lead‐free perovskite (1‐x)Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3‐xBiFeO3 (x = 0.1—0.6) is synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, ZnO, TiO2, and Fe2O3 (Au capsule, 6 GPa, 1373 K, 30 min, annealing at 673 K for 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Epoxidation of Nitroalkenes
Authors: Vidal‐Albalat A. , Swiderek K. , Izquierdo J. , Rodriguez S. , Moliner V. , Gonzalez F. V.
Published: November 2016

using a quaternary ammonium salt derived from cinchonine as catalyst
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Amination Using Ligand‐Free Ni(II) Salts and Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Corcoran Emily B. , Pirnot Michael T. , Lin Shishi , Dreher Spencer D. , DiRocco Daniel A. , Davies Ian W. , Buchwald Stephen L. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: November 2016

A light‐mediated aryl amination is developed using a combination a NiBr2(dme) or NiCl2(dme) and iridium complex IRCP as catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid‐Promoted Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes in Aqueous Phase or under Solvent‐Limited Conditions.
Authors: Li Shiguang , Chen Xi , Chen Jinping , Gong Hang
Published: November 2016

An ionic liquid‐promoted copper‐catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes using air as oxidant in aqueous phase or solvent‐limited conditions is developed.