bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orality and Context in a Hermeneutical Key
Authors: Medina Néstor
Published: March 2015

This paper shows that pentecostal hermeneutics (Latina/o–Canadian hermeneutics specifically), is fluid, dynamic, and participatory, and follows a narratival approach to the reading of the biblical text. Instead of perceiving the Bible as containing a foreign story, for pentecostals the Bible narrates their own journey of faith, as they seek communion with God. As an expression of the popular character of pentecostalism, this paper highlights the elements of orality, participation, experiential contextuality, and scriptural pneumatology as key hermeneutical principles in engaging the biblical text. I argue that for pentecostals reading the Bible is not a mere exercise, but rather it is a sacramental space of the Spirit by which people listen to the message of good news. Pentecostal hermeneutics can be better understood as a conversation with the text so as to tease out the divine voice and its relevance for Christian living. In order to show how these elements are interwoven, I will engage the Latina/o–Canadian pentecostalism, as a example of the complex and fluid character of pentecostal hermeneutics.
Le nouveau religieux pentecôtiste
Authors: Cortèn André
Published: March 2015

Depuis le début du 20e siècle, mais en particulier depuis 1980, le pentecôtisme s’est étendu dans le monde de façon inégalée par rapport aux autres mouvements religieux contemporains. Cette expansion inégalée s’est effectuée aussi bien en Amérique latine qu’en Afrique. Le propos de ce texte est de chercher l’explication de cette expansion dans les rapports entre politique et religieux et d’inviter à une réflexion, plutôt théorique, sur les imaginaires politiques et les imaginaires religieux. L’hypothèse sous-jacente discutée dans ce texte est que la croissance de ce mouvement religieux résulte d’une transformation du politique qui de transcendant, dans la forme classique de l’État moderne, est devenu de plus en plus immanent. Cette hypothèse est exploratoire.
The Wonders of God
Authors: Van der Kooi Cornelis
Published: March 2015

In this response to Robert Menzies article “Luke’s Understanding of Baptism in the Holy Spirit. A Pentecostal Perspective” (PentecoStudies 2007/2) it is argued that that the distinction between a soteriological and a charismatic understanding of the work of the Spirit should be integrated in Reformed theology. At the same the claim is criticized that the prophetic gifts are available for every member of the new community. In opposition to this view it is emphasized that it is more biblically founded to defend and to teach a theology that begins with the sovereignty and freedom of God.
Streams of Convergence
Authors: King Gerald
Published: March 2015

This paper sketches a broad outline of the relationships governing fundamentalism, modernism, and Pentecostalism in the first half of the twentieth century in the United States. Fundamentalism and Pentecostalism were tangentially aligned through a common nineteenth century evangelical ethos via the holiness movement. Modernism shared with Pentecostalism certain aspects of Pietism but diverged dramatically in its rationalistic approach to Scripture. Fundamentalism and modernism agreed in this rationalist endeavour but parted over the role of the supernatural in Christianity. A mutual distrust of modernism and their shared evangelical ethos led ultimately to cooperation between fundamentalists and Pentecostals by the beginnings of World War II.
The Florida ‘Outpouring’ Revival
Authors: Hunt Stephen
Published: March 2015

A decade after the neo-Pentecostal revivals of the 1990s a fresh wave of revival, characterised by miraculous healings and evangelism, became identified with what was colloquially referred to as the ‘Florida Outpouring’. Unlike the earlier so-called Toronto Blessing and the Brownsville revivals, that at Lakeland, Florida, was relatively short-lived. It became practically synonymous with the charismatic personality of the healing evangelist, Todd Bentley. This paper considers the Florida ‘Outpouring’ and Bentley’s prophetic role in forging revivalism within the framework of neo-Pentecostal eschatology and thus providing a sense of continuity with past and future revivals.
Conversion Careers and Culture Politics in Pentecostalism
Authors: Gooren Henri
Published: March 2015

The “Conversion Careers” research proposal had as central question: In their operating on the religious market, what is the culture politics followed by Pentecostal churches and how is this connected with their members’ conversion careers? Five qualitative research projects explored this question on four continents, studying Brazilian forms of Pentecostalism in Mozambique, Korean Pentecostalism in Japan, immigrant Pentecostalisms in the Netherlands, non-denominational Pentecostalisms in the Netherlands, and Protestant and Roman Catholic forms of Pentecostalism in Nicaragua. This article presents results for the comparative themes of time, space and mobility. In this context it also addresses culture politics, organizational structure, church cells, church leadership, church growth, and the use of modern mass media in Pentecostal evangelization worldwide.
Redeveloping the historical centre of Saint Petersburg, Russia: a new approach
Authors: Linov Vladimir
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the problems and potential solutions for redeveloping the attractive historic quarters of central Saint Petersburg in Russia. They were mostly built in the nineteenth century as intimate networks of passages and squares, and were designed to encourage trade and social interaction. Ironically, the confined layouts make the areas unattractive for redevelopment by modern commercial developers, resulting in continuing decay, piecemeal reconstruction and an overall lack of planning strategy. This paper compares the city's quarters with those of other similarly old European cities such as Paris, Versailles, Stockholm, Budapest and Berlin. Five distinct types of historic urban area are proposed based on their functionality, regularity of development and perimeters. Urban redevelopment strategies are then proposed for each type of area.
Numerical study on the response of two footings at Bothkennar research site
Authors: Freitas T.M.Bodas , Potts D.M. , Zdravkovic L.
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a numerical study of the performance of two instrumented surface footings at the Bothkennar Clay research site in the UK. Footing A was loaded to failure over 4 days, reaching a net bearing capacity of qr = 138 kPa; footing B was loaded to 89 kPa, at an identical loading rate, and left to consolidate under maintained load for about 11 years. The preloaded footing was then loaded to failure over 3 days, reaching qr = 204 kPa. The increase in bearing capacity was significantly larger than that expected due to consolidation effects alone, and it is anticipated that the occurrence of creep and other ageing processes may have played a major role in the observed response. The complete loading history of the two footings is simulated by means of coupled axi-symmetric finite-element analyses in which the foundation soil is described using an elastic–viscoplastic model that mimics isotach viscosity. The ground profile and the model parameters are derived based on the extensive laboratory and field test data available in the literature. The numerical analyses are able to describe accurately the footings behaviour during first loading, the development of delayed settlement under maintained load and the increase in bearing capacity due to preloading. The paper emphasises various issues regarding the application of elastic–viscoplastic models to model boundary value problems in conditions close to failure.
CuO nanopowder for removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II)
Authors: Ossman Mona E. , Abdelfattah Marwa
Published: March 2015

Metal oxide nanopowder, namely copper oxide nanopowder, was prepared. The produced metal oxide was characterised and used as a potential adsorbent for removal of lead(II) and zinc(II) from an aqueous solution. The rate of uptake of lead(II) and zinc(II) was found to be rapid in the first 10 min, and after 150 min, the amount of lead(II) and zinc(II) adsorbed was almost constant. The time of equilibrium is independent of initial concentration. The results showed that the removal of lead(II) increased significantly as the pH increased from 2·0 to 6·0 and approached a plateau at a pH range of 6·0–9·0, whereas the removal of zinc(II) increased significantly as the pH increased from 2·0 to 9·0. The adsorption of lead(II) and zinc(II) onto copper oxide followed the Langmuir isotherm. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided good correlation for the adsorption of both lead(II) and zinc(II).
Method for assessing discharge in meandering compound channels
Authors: Liu Chao , Shan Yuqi , Liu Xingnian , Yang Kejun
Published: March 2015

Laboratory experiments were conducted in a large-scale meandering compound channel to investigate the flow patterns at the apex and cross-over sections. An equation in curvilinear co-ordinates was derived from the momentum equation and the flow continuity equation. In this equation, two shear stress terms are ignored due to their negligible contributions such that simple expressions are obtained. Several groups of experimental data from the published literature were used to verify this model. Comparison of the experimental and predictive results indicates that the proposed method is capable of accurately forecasting the stage discharge in meandering compound channels. Finally, the simple analytical solution of this model and the velocity parameter are further discussed.
Consumers' Attitudes and Their Inflation Expectations
Authors: Ehrmann Michael , Pfajfar Damjan , Santoro Emiliano
Published: March 2015

This paper studies consumers' inflation expectations using micro-level data from the Surveys of Consumers conducted by University of Michigan. It shows that beyond the well-established socio-economic factors such as income, age or gender, other characteristics such as the households financial situation and their purchasing attitudes are important determinants of their forecast accuracy. Respondents with current or expected financial difficulties, pessimistic attitudes about major purchases, or expectations that income will go down in the future have a stronger upward bias in their expectations than other households. However, their bias shrinks by more than that of the average household in response to increasing media reporting about inflation. Equivalent results are found during recessions.
Supplementary note on the solitary bee fauna from the Suez Canal region of Egypt (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Authors: Shebl Mohamed A. , Patiny Sebastien , Michez Denis
Published: March 2015

Previous surveys (2011–2013) of the bee fauna from the Suez Canal region, Egypt, recorded a total of 55 species.  Those surveys did not include important floral species among the Asteraceae, a family known to be associated with various oligolectic bees.  The aim of the present note is to report bees visiting four uncultivated species of Asteraceae that are common in the region during the Spring of 2014.  Nine species of bees were recorded from these flowers, these increasing the number of species recorded from the Suez Canal region to 62.  Some species, such as Daypoda sinuata Pérez (Melittidae) and Panurgus dentatus Friese (Andrenidae), are known oligoleges of Asteraceae.
QUANTITATIVE METHODS OF FINANCIAL STABILITY DEPENDENCE ON THE COMPANY VALUE
Authors: Fedotova M. A. , Tazihina T. V. , Maltsev A. S.
Published: March 2015

The topics related to the financial stability assessment and market valuation of a business have received a detailed coverage in contemporary literature. However no approaches in meth-odology have been elaborated that would enable the quantitative assessment of the degree to which the financial stability indices and the market value of the company are linked together. Therefore, the econometric modelling of the dependence assessment between the cost factors and financial stability indicators poses a task relevant to present-day challenges.

The authors of the article present the proof that the company value is an integral indicator, which can replace the broad range of absolute and relative financial stability ratios in the assessment of the financial stability of a business.

Based on the econometric data analysis of the leading Russian and global energy companies that meet the profitability, financial stability and maturity criteria, the article proves the practical application of Modigliani—Miller theory as compared to D. Duran traditional theory of capital structure. The econometric regression correlations and the analysis of their statistical significance bring the con clusion of the ambiguity in the correlation between the Cost of Capital and Financial Leverage.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD OF BASIC RESEARCH: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Mindeli L. E. , Chernykh S. I.
Published: March 2015

The paper addresses a number of issues related to the functioning of the Russian sector of basic research and the need to implement a balanced public policy in this area. It contains an estimation of the managerial an organisational reform currently underway in the government academies of sciences and puts forward proposals for the establishment of mechanisms to overcome crisis phenomena in the Russian science sector, including basic research, which are impeding innovative development of the Russian economy.
ANTIRECESSIONARY ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO THE MODERN SCIENCE INTENSIVE DEFENSE ARTICLES PRICE FORMATION
Authors: Ivanisov V. Y.
Published: March 2015

The crisis of the enterprises that develop science intensive defense articles is caused by the loss of the research-and-production potential of these enterprises during the reformation of the Russian economy. The state customer that applies economic-organizing approaches, which don’t correspond to the development, now complicates restoration of the research-and-production potential science intensive defense articles developers. State customer economic-organizing approaches to the development are applied using contract development management system on the formation of the price and volume of the state contract development funding. The contract development management system in price formation (and funding alike) of the development doesn’t correspond the development as an object of management. Such inconsistency is one of the main reasons of cur-rent crisis of the science intensive product developers. First of all, the crisis of the science intensive product developers shows in the drop of the quality and low profitability of the science intensive defense articles. The article proposes the antirecessionary economic-organizing approaches to the price formation of the defense articles development that correspond to the peculiarities of the development, provide the state support of the defense articles developers’ research-and-production potential recovery, provide the antirecessionary development management and should be used in contract development management system
EQUITY RECYCLING VS FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Lutsenko S. I.
Published: March 2015

The influence of major factors on financial policy of the Russian companies is considered. The author researches process of change of an equity (recycling) in the conditions of financial con-straints. The given work tries to give the answer to a question - whether there is a redistribution of an equity in the company. The models considered in work are tested for a subject of a choice of the most adequate, from the point of view, forecasting. For each of models three kinds of specifications are estimated: pooled regression, regression with a random effect and regression with the fixed ef-fect. Task of the presented work is penetration into an essence of financial policy of the Russian companies: whether there is a dividend payout of shareholders in process an equity recycling or the received incomes go on development the companies (reinvesting). Novelty of the presented work consists in consideration an equity recycling as mechanism with which help the Russian companies direct the income of an equity on its shares repurchase and accumulations of profit for the reinvesting. Equity recycling gives the chance to reserve the companies certain level of a debt for the further use as a financing sources. Besides, influence of other sources of financing is considered in the conditions of financial constraints. The Russian companies resolve a problem of adverse selection (a choice of the cheapest sources of financing — profit). The author notices that low information asymmetry allows the companies to choose cheaper sources of financing. The mechanism an equity recycling gives the chance to the companies to regulate the debt level, actively correcting capital structure.
REDUCE RISK OF FINANCIAL STABILITY ENTERPRISE IN CURRENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Fayantzeva E. Y.
Published: March 2015

In the current economic conditions, characterized by high level of uncertainty, the need to achieve strategic financial goals of the company and ensuring its long-term financial stability is impossible without an effective system of strategic financial management, an integral part of which is a risk management strategy reduce financial stability. The author loss risk management strategy of financial stability, substantiated scientific and methodological tools of its creation, outlines the basic principles of implementation, performed updated list of the functions. In order to maximize approximation developed strategies to the needs of industrial enterprises and economic instability are highlighted and ordered typical violations of risk management process by the author. Generalizes the scheme proposed risk management strategy losing financial stability. Outlines the key steps in developing and implementing strategies under consideration with their detailed description.
SYSTEM PROBLEM`S OF BANKRUPT IN RUSSIA
Authors: Кovan S. Е. , Ryahovskaya А. N. , Kotsyuba N. V.
Published: March 2015

Mechanism of bankrupt procedure Implementation was analyzed, which were identified current system problems, happened by imperfect of law, presented proposals to developing it. The special attention on  protection of the rights of entrepreneurs in case of bankrupt, which  is now use to be macroeconomic factor, it have big influence on economic of country and entrepreneurs business. It seems reasonable to change way of initiation case of bankrupt by conceptual, from debtor`s side, correcting of methodology and criteria of identification sings in fiction bankrupt, need improve  process of bankrupt in natural monopolies, mostly housing, need to keep working on project of law about trans-boundary  insolvency,  raising the rights and responsibilities to arbitration managers.
IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON BUSINESS MODELS OF MODERN COMPANIES
Authors: Trachuk A. V. , Linder N. V. , Antonov D. A.
Published: March 2015

The article highlights the trends of change of business models following the development of modern forms of business. Term hyperconnectedand its role in the contemporary world are described. The article features an overview of publications related to the business model concept as well as its evolution during the last 20 years. The dual nature of the business model is revealed: on the one hand, it describes business activities, on the other hand – the relationships into which different business activities enter. The author provides the overview of the share of e-commerce in the world trade and a social research on the Russian population’s attitude to e-payments. The influence of hyperconnectedon the formation of value chain in the current circumstances is presented. This influence has a large impact on business models as well. In this context, the author claims that it is reasonable to switch over from a single-level business model to the business platform based on facilitating to exchange resources and information between several interconnected groups.
RISK-ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS CONTROL FOR EXCLUSION OF UNAUTHORIZED NUCLEAR ACTIVITY
Authors: Glebov V. B. , Masterov S. V. , Kalugin N. K.
Published: March 2015

The paper examines the conditions of nuclear materials (NM) security management at the sites of nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) from non-proliferation point of view. Applied to the non-proliferation the conditions for acceptable risk were defined. The basic levels of NM control have been set. On the base of acceptable risk concept the issues of risk management were considered. The task of unacceptable risk area suppression was formulated. Requirements to the NM control effectiveness were evaluated for various scenarios of undeclared activity (inside and outside of NFC). The role of the out-of-site control in creating NM protection in-depth was demonstrated.
Mid‐South Soybean Yield and Net Return as Affected by Plant Population and Row Spacing
Authors: Thompson Nathanael M. , Larson James A. , Lambert Dayton M. , Roberts Roland K. , Mengistu Alemu , Bellaloui Nacer , Walker Eric R.
Published: March 2015

Traditionally grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Maturity Groups V and VI are subject to late‐season drought in the US Mid‐South, resulting in yield reductions when planted in mid‐May. Earlier maturing soybean, such as the more recently adapted Maturity Group III cultivars, have generated interest among farmers as a way to avoid the effects of late‐season drought. We investigated economically optimal plant population density for soybean considering seeding rate, row spacing, seed and soybean prices, and weather for Maturity Groups V, IV, and III grown on the rainfed soils in the rolling uplands region of the US Mid‐South. Three separate experiments were conducted for Maturity Groups V, IV, and III in 2005 through 2007. Soybean was planted in mid‐May in narrow (38‐cm) and wide (76‐cm) rows at seeding rates of 60 to 593 (× 103) seeds ha−1. Three key implications resulted from this study. First, yield did not respond to plant population density, and an extended yield plateau was found in each maturity group experiment, implying an economic incentive to reduce seed costs to achieve the plant population density at the minimum point on the yield plateau. Second, yield and net‐return responses to row spacing were inconsistent and primarily influenced by weather, but if Maturity Group III soybean were planted, narrow row spacing may provide higher expected yields and net returns. Third, planting Maturity Group III soybean may not overcome the susceptibility of Maturity Groups V and IV soybean to the late‐season drought conditions in the rolling uplands region of the Mid‐South.
Native Plant Establishment on Georgia Roadsides
Authors: Johnston Christopher R. , McCullough Patrick E. , Shilling Donn G.
Published: March 2015

Invasive weeds are a costly problem on Georgia roadsides due to limited management options and a lack of competition from roadside grasses. The introduction of species native to Georgia could reduce maintenance costs and suppress invasive weeds on roadsides, however, limited research has been conducted with these species in this environment. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia to evaluate establishment of 29 species (12 grasses and 17 forbs) established in the fall and/or spring at two seeding rates. Blackeyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.), swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata L.), and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] were the quickest to establish of all species, while blackeyed Susan, lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.), and wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L.) provided the greatest ground cover over the 12 mo experiment. At four of the five sites, up to four additional species of those evaluated established ≥20% ground cover in the spring seeding compared to fall. Species seeded in the spring also established faster during the first 4 mo after seeding. Overall, blackeyed Susan, indiangrass, lanceleaf coreopsis, swamp milkweed, and wild bergamot have the best potential, of the species tested, to establish under roadside conditions in Georgia.
Adsorption of Antimonate, Phosphate, and Sulfate by Manganese Dioxide: Competitive Effects and Surface Complexation Modeling
Authors: Essington Michael E. , Vergeer Kalyn A.
Published: March 2015

Antimony is a co‐contaminant with Pb in shooting range soils. The in situ immobilization of Pb in these soils may be accomplished through the application of PO4. However, the impact of this treatment on the mobility and bioaccessibility of Sb is unknown. Further, the ability to predict Sb fate and behavior in contaminated soils, or as influenced by treatment technologies, has not been suitably developed. The objectives of this research were to characterize the adsorption behavior of Sb(V) by birnessite (δ‐MnO2) as a function of ionic strength, pH, and in the presence of a competing ligand (PO4or SO4) and to develop and evaluate the capability of the triple‐layer surface complexation model to predict Sb(V) adsorption. The adsorption of Sb(V) by birnessite increased with decreasing pH and ionic strength. Antimonate adsorption did not influence the proton adsorption characteristics of birnessite relative to that in NO3suspensions; however, the zeta potential of the mineral was decreased in the presence of Sb(V), relative to NO3, when the pH was <5. Antimonate adsorption by birnessite was not impacted by either PO4or SO4; however, the presence of Sb(V) resulted in reduced PO4retention. Antimonate adsorption as a function of pH and ionic strength was successfully predicted by using the triple‐layer surface complexation model that considers both outer sphere [≡MnOH2+–Sb(OH)6−] and inner sphere [≡MnOSb(OH)5−] adsorption mechanisms. In general, however, the models generated for single‐ligand systems required reoptimization to successfully predict adsorption in the competitive [Sb(V) and PO4] systems.
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Soil Water Availability as a Tool for Precision Irrigation Management in Histosols: Characterization and Spatial Interpolation
Authors: Lafond Jonathan A. , Gumiere Silvio J. , Hallema Dennis W. , Périard Yann , Jutras Sylvain , Caron Jean
Published: March 2015

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in organic soils is important in Quebec, Canada. Lettuce is highly sensitive to tip burn, a physiological disorder that can lead to significant yield losses. Tip burn losses have been linked to various factors, such as root water uptake deficits. A precision irrigation approach using local applications of water based on lettuce requirements and soil water available capacity (SWAC) reduces the occurrence of tip burn but may need mapped spatial information of SWAC for proper irrigation management. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine a rapid, efficient, and reliable method for interpolating SWAC and (ii) to use this interpolation method in precision irrigation simulations in management zones to demonstrate the importance of using SWAC maps. The methods for SWAC interpolation used in this study were inverse distance weighting (IDW), thin plate splines (TPS) and kriging with external drift (KED). The simulation used a calculation procedure for mass balance that contained SWAC maps, evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. A comparison of each interpolation method and multiple statistical criteria revealed that IDW and KED were the most precise methods, depending on the study site. Simulations of precision irrigation showed that in many cases, local irrigation management in seven to eight zones must account for the spatial distribution of SWAC to attain an 80% irrigation adequacy for lettuce. Hence, using SWAC maps as a tool for managing irrigation would allow growers to save water and to apply an accurate amount of water in appropriate areas.
Source Separation of Urine as an Alternative Solution to Nutrient Management in Biological Nutrient Removal Treatment Plants
Authors: Jimenez Jose , Bott Charles , Love Nancy , Bratby John
Published: March 2015

Municipal wastewater contains a mixture of brown (feces and toilet paper), yellow (urine), and gray (kitchen, bathroom and wash) waters. Urine contributes approximately 70‐80% of the nitrogen (N), 50‐70% of the phosphorus (P) load and 60‐70% of the pharmaceutical residues in normal domestic sewage. This study evaluated the impact of different levels of source separation of urine on an existing biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. A process model of an existing biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant was used. Increasing the amount of urine diverted from the water reclamation facilities, has little impact on effluent ammonia (NH3‐N) concentration, but effluent nitrate (NO3‐N) concentration decreases. If nitrification is necessary then no reduction in the sludge age can be realized. However, a point is reached where the remaining influent nitrogen load matches the nitrogen requirements for biomass growth, and no residual nitrogen needs to be nitrified. That allows a significant reduction in sludge age, implying reduced process volume requirements. In situations where nitrification is required, lower effluent nitrate (NO3‐N) concentrations were realized due to both the lower influent nitrogen content in the wastewater and a more favorable nitrogen‐to‐carbon ratio for denitrification. The external carbon requirement for denitrification decreases as the urine separation efficiency increases due to the lower influent nitrogen content in the wastewater and a more favorable nitrogen‐to‐carbon ratio for denitrification. The effluent phosphorus concentration decreases when the amount of urine sent to water reclamation facilities is decreased due to lower influent phosphorus concentrations. In the case of chemical phosphate removal, urine separation reduces the amount of chemicals required.
An Analysis of “Little r” Restatements
Authors: Tan Christine E. L. , Young Susan M.
Published: March 2015

SYNOPSIS

“Little r” restatements occur when a firm's immaterial errors accumulate to a material error in a given year. Unlike “Big R” restatements that must be reported through an SEC 8-K material event filing, little r restatements do not require an 8-K form or a withdrawal of the auditor opinion. This paper documents this previously unexamined form of restatement and analyzes the characteristics of the firms that have used this method of correcting accounting errors over the period 2009 through 2012. Contrary to concerns voiced by regulators and research agencies we find, in multivariate tests, that little r firms are generally more profitable, less complex, and show some evidence of stronger corporate governance and higher audit quality than Big R firms. Compared to non-revising or restating firms, little r firms have lower free cash flows, higher board expertise, higher CFO tenure, are less likely to use a specialist auditor, and less likely to have material weaknesses in their internal controls. We also find that the majority of little r firms do not include any discussion of why these little r's occurred. We discuss policy implications related to disclosure of little r revisions.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48; G38.

Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated.
Which Factors Moderate the Relationship between Sustainability Performance and Financial Performance? A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Lu Wenxiang (Lucy) , Taylor Martin E.
Published: March 2015

The relationship between corporate sustainability performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) has long been debated. Ullman (1985) pointed out that the conflicting results could be influenced by many factors, such as sample size, industrial context, inconsistent measurement of CSP and CFP, research methodologies, and procedures for data collection and analysis. This paper addresses Ullman's (1985) concerns by providing a more methodologically rigorous review of the CSP-CFP relationship than prior research studies. A meta-analysis of 198 studies yields a total sample size of 31,514 observations. The meta-analytic findings suggest that sustainability performance likely increases a firm's financial performance, especially in the long run. Compared to social sustainability, environmental sustainability, to a larger extent, contributes to the positive CSP-CFP relationship. In addition, CSP appears to be more highly correlated with accounting-based measures of CFP than with market-based indicators. Multi-industry, pre-2000 studies, and non-U.S. sample firms seem to show a stronger impact on the positive relationship between CSP and CFP than other sample indicators. A final finding is that the methodology used in the analysis has a significant impact on the results.
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes following pediatric cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures
Authors: Attenello Frank J. , Ng Alvin , Wen Timothy , Cen Steven Y. , Sanossian Nerses , Amar Arun P. , Zada Gabriel , Krieger Mark D. , McComb J. Gordon , Mack William J.
Published: March 2015

OBJECT

Racial and socioeconomic disparities within the US health care system are a growing concern. Despite extensive research and efforts to narrow such disparities, minorities and economically disadvantaged patients continue to exhibit inferior health care outcomes. Disparities in the delivery of pediatric neurosurgical care are understudied. Authors of this study examine the impact of race and socioeconomic status on outcomes following pediatric CSF shunting procedures.

METHODS

Discharge information from the 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database for individuals (age < 21 years) with a diagnosis of hydrocephalus who had undergone CSF shunting procedures was abstracted for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for patient and hospital factors and annual CSF shunt procedure volume, were performed to evaluate the effects of race and payer status on the likelihood of inpatient mortality and nonroutine hospital discharge (that is, not to home).

RESULTS

African American patients (p < 0.05) had an increased likelihood of inpatient death and nonroutine discharge compared with white patients. Furthermore, Medicaid patients had a significantly higher likelihood of nonroutine discharge (p < 0.05) as compared with privately insured patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings in this study, which utilized US population-level data, suggest the presence of racial and socioeconomic status outcome disparities following pediatric CSF shunting procedures. Further studies on health disparities in this population are warranted.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes following traumatic Grade 1 and 2 carotid artery injuries: a 10-year retrospective analysis from a Level I trauma center. The Parkland Carotid and Vertebral Artery Injury Survey
Authors: Scott William W. , Sharp Steven , Figueroa Stephen A. , Eastman Alexander L. , Hatchette Charles V. , Madden Christopher J. , Rickert Kim L.
Published: March 2015

OBJECT

Proper screening, management, and follow-up of Grade 1 and 2 blunt carotid artery injuries (BCIs) remains controversial. These low-grade BCIs were analyzed to define their natural history and establish a rational management plan based on lesion progression and cerebral infarction.

METHODS

A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all blunt traumatic carotid and vertebral artery injuries treated between August 2003 and April 2013 was performed and Grade 1 and 2 BCIs were identified. Grade 1 injuries are defined as a vessel lumen stenosis of less than 25%, and Grade 2 injuries are defined as a stenosis of the vessel lumen between 25% and 50%. Demographic information, radiographic imaging, number of imaging sessions performed per individual, length of radiographic follow-up, radiographic outcome at end of follow-up, treatment(s) provided, and documentation of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were recorded.

RESULTS

One hundred seventeen Grade 1 and 2 BCIs in 100 patients were identified and available for follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was 60 days. Final imaging of Grade 1 and 2 BCIs demonstrated that 64% of cases had resolved, 13% of cases were radiographically stable, and 9% were improved, whereas 14% radiographically worsened. Of the treatments received, 54% of cases were treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 31% received no treatment, and 15% received various medications and treatments, including endovascular stenting. There was 1 cerebral infarction that was thought to be related to bilateral Grade 2 BCI, which developed soon after hospital admission.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of Grade 1 and 2 BCIs remained stable or improved at final follow-up. Despite a 14% rate of radiographic worsening in the Grade 1 and 2 BCIs cohort, there were no adverse clinical outcomes associated with these radiographic changes. The stroke rate was 1% in this low-grade BCIs cohort, which may be an overestimate. The use of ASA or other antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications in these low-grade BCIs did not appear to correlate with radiographic injury stability, nor with a decreased rate of cerebral infarction. Although these data suggest that these Grade 1 and 2 BCIs may require less intensive radiographic follow-up, future prospective studies are needed to make conclusive changes related to treatment and management.
FoamVis, A Visualization System for Foam Research: Design and Implementation
Authors: Lipsa Dan , Roberts Richard , Laramee Robert
Published: March 2015

Liquid foams are used in areas such as mineral separation, oil recovery, food and beverage production, sanitation and fire fighting. To improve the quality of products and the efficiency of processes in these areas, foam scientists wish to understand and control foam behaviour. To this end, foam scientists have used foam simulations to model foam behaviour; however, analysing these simulations presents difficult challenges. We describe the main foam research challenges and present the design of FoamVis, the only existing visualization, exploration and analysis application created to address them. We describe FoamVis’ main features, together with relevant design and implementation notes. Our goal is to provide a global overview and individual feature implementation details that would allow a visualization scientist to extend the FoamVis system with new algorithms and adapt it to new requirements. The result is a detailed presentation of the software that is not provided in previous visualization research papers.
Modelling of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell CHP System Coupled with a Hot Water Storage Tank for a Single Household
Authors: Liso Vincenzo , Zhao Yingru , Yang Wenyuan , Nielsen Mads
Published: March 2015

In this paper a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system for cogeneration of heat and power integrated with a stratified heat storage tank is studied. The use of a storage tank with thermal stratification allows one to increase the annual operating hours of CHP: heat can be produced when the request is low (for instance during the night), taking advantage of thermal stratification to increases the heat recovery performance. A model of the SOFC system is presented to estimate the energy required to meet the average electric energy demand of the residence. Two fuels are considered, namely syngas produced by gasification and natural gas. The tank model considers the temperature gradients over the tank height. The results of the numerical simulation are used to size the SOFC system and storage heat tank to provide energy for a small household using two different fuels. In particular it was shown that in the case of syngas, due to larger system heat output, a larger tank volume was required in order to accumulate unused heat over the night. The detailed description of the tank model will be useful to energy system modelers when sizing hot water tanks. Problem formulation is reported also using a Matlab script.
RNA Export through the NPC in Eukaryotes
Authors: Okamura Masumi , Inose Haruko , Masuda Seiji
Published: March 2015

In eukaryotic cells, RNAs are transcribed in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex. The RNA molecules that are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm include messenger RNAs (mRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs), and viral mRNAs. Each RNA is transported by a specific nuclear export receptor. It is believed that most of the mRNAs are exported by Nxf1 (Mex67 in yeast), whereas rRNAs, snRNAs, and a certain subset of mRNAs are exported in a Crm1/Xpo1-dependent manner. tRNAs and miRNAs are exported by Xpot and Xpo5. However, multiple export receptors are involved in the export of some RNAs, such as 60S ribosomal subunit. In addition to these export receptors, some adapter proteins are required to export RNAs. The RNA export system of eukaryotic cells is also used by several types of RNA virus that depend on the machineries of the host cell in the nucleus for replication of their genome, therefore this review describes the RNA export system of two representative viruses. We also discuss the NPC anchoring-dependent mRNA export factors that directly recruit specific genes to the NPC.
Recent Developments of Engineered Translational Machineries for the Incorporation of Non-Canonical Amino Acids into Polypeptides
Authors: Terasaka Naohiro , Iwane Yoshihiko , Geiermann Anna-Skrollan , Goto Yuki , Suga Hiroaki
Published: March 2015

Genetic code expansion and reprogramming methodologies allow us to incorporate non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) bearing various functional groups, such as fluorescent groups, bioorthogonal functional groups, and post-translational modifications, into a desired position or multiple positions in polypeptides both in vitro and in vivo. In order to efficiently incorporate a wide range of ncAAs, several methodologies have been developed, such as orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase (AARS)–tRNA pairs, aminoacylation ribozymes, frame-shift suppression of quadruplet codons, and engineered ribosomes. More recently, it has been reported that an engineered translation system specifically utilizes an artificially built genetic code and functions orthogonally to naturally occurring counterpart. In this review we summarize recent advances in the field of ribosomal polypeptide synthesis containing ncAAs.
Disease Resistant Fish and Shellfish Are within Reach: A Review
Authors: Gjedrem Trygve
Published: March 2015

Disease in fish and shellfish is one of the main problems facing aquaculture production. Therefore, all attempts should be made to increase the rate of survival and, thus, reduce economic losses. Much has been done to develop vaccines and medical treatments to reduce mortality; and however, farming of aquatic species has a long way to go to optimize the environmental conditions for the animals and, thus, reduce stress and improve animal welfare. However, the good news is that there is the potential to increase disease resistance by selective breeding. By challenge-testing fingerlings from a number of families per generation, and including the rate of survival in the breeding goal, the results so far are very promising. By focusing on one disease at a time it is possible to increase the rate of survival by at least 12.5% per generation for most diseases studied. Unfortunately, selective breeding is only used to a small degree in aquatic species. In 2010, it was estimated that only 8.2% of aquaculture production was based on genetically improved stocks.
Hierarchical Composites to Reduce N-Nitrosamines in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Li Yan , Cao Yi , Yue Ming , Yang Jing , Zhu Jian
Published: March 2015

In order to reduce the harmful constituents in cigarette smoke, two hierarchical composites were synthesized. Based on, zeolites HZSM-5 or NaY fragments were introduced into the synthetic system of mesoporous silica SBA-15 or MCM-41 and assembled with the mesoporous materials. These porous composites combine the advantages of micro- and mesoporous materials, and exhibit higher effects than activated carbon on reducing tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and some vapor phase compounds in smoke.
Preparation and Characterization of Thin-Film Composite Membrane with Nanowire-Modified Support for Forward Osmosis Process
Authors: Low Ze-Xian , Liu Qi , Shamsaei Ezzatollah , Zhang Xiwang , Wang Huanting
Published: March 2015

Internal concentration polarization (ICP) in forward osmosis (FO) process is a characteristic problem for asymmetric thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane which leads to lower water flux. To mitigate the ICP effect, modification of the substrates’ properties has been one of the most effective methods. A new polyethersulfone-based ultrafiltration membrane with increased surface porosity and high water flux was recently produced by incorporating Zn2GeO4 nanowires. The composite membrane was used as a substrate for the fabrication of TFC FO membrane, by coating a thin layer of polyamide on top of the substrate. The substrate and the nanowires were characterized by a range of techniques such as SEM, XRD, and contact angle goniometry. The water permeability and molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) of the substrate; and the FO performance of the TFC membrane were also determined. The Zn2GeO4-modified membrane showed ~45% increase in water permeability and NaCl salt rejection of 80% under RO mode. In FO mode, the ratio of water flux to reverse solute flux was also improved. However, lower FO flux was obtained which could be due to ICP. The result shows that Zn2GO4 nanowire may be used as a modifier to the substrate to improve the quality of the polyamide layer on the substrate to improve the flux and selectivity, but not as effective in reducing ICP. This work demonstrates that the incorporation of nanomaterials to the membrane substrate may be an alternative approach to improve the formation of polyamide skin layer to achieve better FO performance.
Genomics of Methylotrophy in Gram-Positive Methylamine-Utilizing Bacteria
Authors: McTaggart Tami , Beck David , Setboonsarng Usanisa , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Lidstrom Mary , Kalyuzhnaya Marina , Chistoserdova Ludmila
Published: March 2015

Gram-positive methylotrophic bacteria have been known for a long period of time, some serving as model organisms for characterizing the specific details of methylotrophy pathways/enzymes within this group. However, genome-based knowledge of methylotrophy within this group has been so far limited to a single species, Bacillus methanolicus (Firmicutes). The paucity of whole-genome data for Gram-positive methylotrophs limits our global understanding of methylotrophy within this group, including their roles in specific biogeochemical cycles, as well as their biotechnological potential. Here, we describe the isolation of seven novel strains of Gram-positive methylotrophs that include two strains of Bacillus and five representatives of Actinobacteria classified within two genera, Arthrobacter and Mycobacterium. We report whole-genome sequences for these isolates and present comparative analysis of the methylotrophy functional modules within these genomes. The genomic sequences of these seven novel organisms, all capable of growth on methylated amines, present an important reference dataset for understanding the genomic basis of methylotrophy in Gram-positive methylotrophic bacteria. This study is a major contribution to the field of methylotrophy, aimed at closing the gap in the genomic knowledge of methylotrophy within this diverse group of bacteria.