bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing entrepreneurial intention to initiate new ventures: evidence from university students
Authors: Martins José Moleiro , Shahzad Muhammad Farrukh , Xu Shuo
Published: September 2023

As worldwide unemployment is an extensive problem with the increasing population every day, job opportunities did not increase with a similar ratio. Unemployment is increasing, affecting developing countries’ economies like Pakistan. This attempt to solve this problem is commonly acknowledged by creating new opportunities and starting new business ventures. Considering this aspect, this study inspects the aspects that create and affect entrepreneurial intention in young entrepreneurs to start entrepreneurial projects. This study explores the effect of self-efficacy, family, institutional, and peer support on entrepreneurial intention. These factors are expected to create entrepreneurial intention in young graduates to start their business ventures. All these factors and the mediating role of knowledge of entrepreneurial skills, ability to take risks, and entrepreneurial innovativeness motivate young entrepreneurs to take startups. For results, a survey method with a questionnaire has been utilized to gather data. The collected data were evaluated through descriptive and inferential statistics. SPSS and SMART-PLS 3.3 were used for the analysis of results. 716 respondents participated in the data collection process. Data have been gathered from the master's students who registered in Pakistan's top business sector universities. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy, peers support, institutional support, and family support positively impact entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, knowledge of entrepreneurial skills, the ability to take risks, and entrepreneurial innovativeness also significantly affect entrepreneurial intention. In this study, all these results have been discussed. This study also discusses various theoretical and practical factors with substantial policy-making significance.
Effects of long-term consumption of two plant-based dietary supplements on cardiovascular health and low-grade inflammation in middle-aged and elderly people: study protocol for a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Tsiountsioura Melina , Cvirn Gerhard , Meixner-Goetz Lisa , Ziegler Tobias , Lamprecht Manfred
Published: September 2023

Background

Ageing is a process characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress which could lead to increased prevalence of both physical and mental age-related chronic conditions. A healthy balanced diet, rich in fruit and vegetables as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA), could reduce oxidative stress and improve markers of low-grade inflammation. Nonetheless, considering that a large part of the population struggles to meet current guidelines on fruit and vegetable and n3 PUFA recommendations, fruit and vegetable concentrate supplements and mixed omega fatty acid supplements could be an effective strategy to bridge the gap between actual and recommended intakes.

Methods

In this randomised, controlled, open-labelled, parallel-grouped clinical trial, 112 participants will be allocated to one of four arms (n = 28 on each arm): an encapsulated juice powder concentrate, a plant-based omega fatty acid supplement, both or a control group. We aim to investigate whether long-term separate or combined ingestion of the two can affect biomarkers of cardiovascular health, low-grade inflammation and indicators of ageing, including cognitive function, in middle-aged and elderly people. We will additionally explore the effect of the different supplementations on plasma levels of vitamins, carotenoids and fatty acids. Intervention will last 2 years and participants will be assessed at baseline and at follow-up visits at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.

Discussion

This study will provide evidence whether long-term, plant-based dietary supplementation can support cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory processes, immunity and nutritional status in ageing.

Trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04763291) on February 21, 2021.
Pericardial agenesis - the wandering heart
Authors: Kalekar Tushar , Reddy Latha P. , Koganti Deepak , Soman Nikhith
Published: September 2023

Background

Congenital pericardial absence is an uncommon cardiac anomaly that is typically asymptomatic and commonly misdiagnosed due to a lack of symptoms or atypical symptoms. Pericardial agenesis (PA) should be considered one of the differential diagnoses when the patient presents with chest pain. This case shows how the diagnosis of pericardial agenesis is made exclusively using multi-modality imaging, starting from findings in a basic chest radiograph to cardiac MRI, while also demonstrating the classic signs seen in this condition. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart is the gold standard for determining the absence of pericardium in the prognosis.

Case presentation

A 32-year-old male who presented with chest discomfort and radiating pain to his back and left shoulder mimicking myocardial infarction with normal ECG and enzyme markers. A chest radiograph (taken 24 h apart) demonstrates the left lateral position of the heart and the bulging contour of the left heart border, a lucent area between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Subsequently, cardiac MRI reveals left pericardial agenesis.

Conclusions

This article provides insight into a rare differential to consider in a young patient presenting with chest discomfort. This case shows how the diagnosis of pericardial agenesis is made exclusively using multi-modality imaging, starting from findings in a basic chest radiograph to cardiac MRI, while also demonstrating the classic signs seen in this condition.
Effect of Guided Delegation and Information Proximity on Multitier Responsible Sourcing
Authors: Tang Sammi Y. , Song Jing-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Problem definition: Guided delegation, a practice in which companies provide guidelines when delegating supplier management to tier 1 firms, is a common practice in managing complex supply chains. We study the benefits and risks of this approach in a three-tier supply chain setting consisting of a buying firm, a tier 1 contract manufacturer, and tier 2 suppliers, where responsibility risk stems from the tier 2 suppliers. We analyze the buyer’s profit and the supply chain’s responsibility risk under a guided-delegation model, in which the buyer specifies an authorized tier 2 supplier for the tier 1 manufacturer as a guideline and may audit the tier 1 firm for compliance. We compare this model with a full-delegation model, in which the buyer fully delegates tier 2 supplier selection to the tier 1 firm. Methodology/results: We formulate a Stackelberg game for the buyer’s contract design problem. We show that guided delegation does not always yield its expected results of lower supply chain risk and greater buyer profit. In instances where compliance auditing is financially more attractive to the buyer than paying a premium for tier 1’s responsible sourcing, guided delegation can result in higher profit but increased risk because compliance auditing cannot completely eliminate the risk. Additionally, when tier 1 anticipates buyer audits and demands higher wholesale prices to offset potential penalties, guided delegation may lead to decreased risk but lower profit for the buyer. Our analysis shows that delegating audit responsibilities to tier 1 often does not improve the buyer’s profit, and in situations where it does, it invariably raises the supply chain risk. Managerial implications: Our research identifies the potential downsides of guided delegation, offering insight for external stakeholders on where to focus efforts to avoid these pitfalls. It suggests that the intended benefits of guided delegation can only be realized when paired with compliance auditing.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2020.0446 .
Raoultella ornithinolytica in a healthy, young person: rapidly progressive sinusitis with orbital and intracranial involvement
Authors: Baek Jihyeon , Park Marn Joon , Lee Ha Young , Kang Sungmo
Published: September 2023

Raoultella ornithinolytica is an encapsulated, Gram-negative, nonmotile, rod belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections involving the gastrointestinal tract and the hepatopancreatobiliary system are most frequently reported, especially in immunocompromised patients. The authors present an unusual case of acute complicated sinusitis with orbital and intracranial involvement caused by R. ornithinolytica. The infection was rapidly progressive, even though the patient was a healthy, young person without any co-morbidities. The patient’s condition improved after antibiotic treatment and multiple ophthalmic and sinus surgeries.
Comparison of biologic monotherapy versus biologic and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug combination in the treatment of non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: DEMİRKAN Fatma Gül , AKTAY AYAZ Nuray
Published: September 2023

Purpose
To explore the efficacy of biologics as mono- or combination therapy with conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Material and Methods
Medical records of patients with JIA followed-up from January 2020 to 2023 who were treated either with biologic drugs as monotherapy or with combination of cDMARD were reviewed retrospectively. Data of demographic features, clinical scores and treatments were assessed.
Results
Two hundred five cases received etanercept, adalimumab, or tocilizumab alone or in combination with a cDMARD for JIA were included. The male to female ratio of the cohort was almost equal. Oligoarticular was the most common subtype of JIA.
Majority (n=128, 62.4%) of the group received biologic drugs as monotherapy, while the remaining third (n=77, 37.6%) used a combination of biologic and a cDMARD. Nearly half of the group (57.1%) were treated with etanercept and etanercept monotherapy was the most commonly used one among all JIA subtypes except juvenile psoriatic arthritis. Adalimumab combination therapy was prescribed in most of the children with juvenile psoriatic arthritis. Adalimumab, alone or in combination with methotrexate, was preferred for all 8 patients with uveitis at the onset of the disease. Adalimumab combined (n=9) and tocilizumab monotherapy (n=4) were the most common biologics in those who developed uveitis during follow-up.
Conclusion
Etanercept, adalimumab, or tocilizumab are effective and safe biologics in treatment of JIA. Considering their cost-effective properties, choosing biologic drugs timely as combined or monotherapy is effective in preventing early and late sequelae of JIA.
Scattering and Diffraction Evaluated by Physical Optics Surface Current on a Truncated Cylindrical Conductive Cap
Authors: Kara Mustafa , Mutlu Mustafa
Published: September 2023

In this study physical optics (PO) surface current is obtained by using the Malyughinetz solution to get the scattered field expression for a truncated cylindrical conductive cap satisfying the related boundary conditions given throughout this paper. This is done by using the inverse edge point method for the transformation from the Malyughinetz solution for the wave diffraction by a half plane to the wave diffraction by a truncated conductive cylinder. This transformation method can be used to examine the diffraction and scattering phenomena for curved surfaces having discontinuities as dealt with in this work. Total scattered field comprising the incident and scattered fields is plotted with respect to the observation angle for some parameters of the problem. The obtained results are examined numerically for the same parameters.
Electromagnetic and Thermal Analysis of a 6/4 Induction Switched Reluctance Machine for Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Madanimohammadi Ali , Abbasian Mohammadali , Delshad Majid , Saghafi Hadi
Published: September 2023

In this paper, an oil-cooling induction switched reluctance machine (ISRM) is offered. The stator and rotor of the electric machine are non-segmental. However, by placing coils on the rotor, a short magnetic flux path is achieved in the rotor and stator cores. As a result, a higher torque with lower losses is generated. This configuration can be used in high-power electric motors for electric and hybrid vehicles. ISRM is a novel machine and there is a lack of access to its operation and data characteristics. ISRM can be designed in different configurations with various stator and rotor pole numbers and winding strategies. In this study, an oil-cooling three-phase ISRM with 6 stator poles and 4 rotor poles was considered. Firstly, a 2D finite element model of it is created, and its magnetic properties extracted, the flux path, torque and efficiency of the ISRM are calculated, and the results are presented. Secondly, the thermal performance of the motor is analyzed using ANSYS Motor-Cad software. Finally, a prototype of the ISRM and its appropriate drive with the oil cooling system is built and tested. The experimental results and conclusions which prove the ability of the presented machine are presented in the last parts of the paper.
Revision of Failed Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair: A Case Report
Authors: Krishnan Rinju , Krishnamurthy Sunil Lakshmipura , Shah Rahul , Wasdev Abhey , Theodore Likhith , Amaravathi Rajkumar S
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Meniscal root tear decreases the ability of the meniscus to convert the axial load to radially directed hoop stress. This leads to a decreased contact area and increased contact pressures, leading to early osteoarthrosis of the knee and eventually higher chances of undergoing total knee replacement. Meniscal root repair helps to restore normal knee kinematics; however, non-anatomical repair results in increased strain in the repair and causes early failure of the repair, leading to abnormal knee kinematics. Case Report: A 45-year-old female with a body mass index of 40.6, hypothyroid, and type II diabetes mellitus presented to the outpatient department with the complaints of left knee pain and difficulty in walking. She had undergone an arthroscopic medial meniscus posterior root repair 1 year back. Clinical and radiological examinations helped to diagnose a re-tear of the medial meniscus root with a non-anatomic tibial tunnel. She then underwent arthroscopic revision root repair surgery. Currently, the patient is at a 1-year follow-up and has resumed her activities of daily living. Conclusion: Anatomical repair of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus is important in restoring normal knee kinematics and for the ability of the meniscus to maintain the hoop stress. Non-anatomic repair leads to early failure and progression to rapid cartilage degeneration, resulting in early osteoarthritis and eventual knee replacement. Any revision surgery presents its own different set of challenges. The basic principles must be adhered to while addressing any failure of the primary surgery. Keywords: Medial meniscus, posterior root, non-anatomic, revision, root repair.
Schwannoma of the Sciatic Nerve as a Cause of Extra-articular Knee Pain: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nkosi Collen Sandile , Chauke Nyiko Zakaria
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Schwannomas are rare benign tumors of the nerve sheath that originate from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve and have a broad anatomic distribution that includes superficial tissues, deep tissues, including the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system. Case Report: A 60-year-old male presented with left knee pain for 5 years. This pain was associated with paresthesia, night pain unresponsive to analgesia, on the left foot intermittent pins and needles sensation. Schwannoma lesion was excised, histology confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient’s symptoms improved. Conclusion: Schwannoma around the knee is a rare or atypical cause of the non-arthritic pain and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-arthritic and extra-articular causes of knee pain with neurological deficit of the foot in an adult population. Keywords: Schwannoma, sciatic nerve, knee pain, benign tumor.
Perineal injuries in patients with complex femoral fractures operated on a fracture table using traction and counter traction: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Supe Amit Chandrakant , Kolur Shivaprasad Sharangouda , Samantaray Sitansu Sekhar , Pawar Eknath , Modi Nihar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: A fracture table with a perineal post for counter traction is frequently used in the surgical treatment of lower limb fractures. Nevertheless, persistent use of the perineal post has been linked to serious side effects. We discuss our experience treating genitoperineal wounds due to traction table. Methods: During a month, our facility treated 3 patients who had genitoperineal injuries related to the usage of a traction table. We assessed the clinical appearance of these perineal injuries, the length of the operation, the treatment strategy, the clinical results, and the length of the hospital stay. Results: After surgery, partial thickness necrosis in the region including the scrotum and perineum developed in all patients. Two patients who had necrotic tissue infections received surgical debridement. In all cases, the wound healed fully with secondary intention by continued cleaning, dressing, and appropriate antibiotics. Conclusion: Genitoperineal skin necrosis caused by a perineal traction post necessitates surgical debridement and prolongs hospitalization. Orthopaedicsurgeons should utilize several techniques such as proper perineal post diameter, length of surgery, positioning of the limb during surgery, etc. to lower the likelihood of this problem. Keywords: Traction table, perineal post, necrosis, perineum, debridement, secondary intention healing.
Fostering a Dark Side: The Role of Adopting-out in Contemporary Portrayals of Abandoned or Lost Children in Star Wars
Authors: Abell Corey
Published: September 2023

abstract: The following paper draws attention to a lesser-studied subject in Critical Adoption Studies: foster care. I argue that this lack of attentiveness towards systems of care and the experiences of fostered children mirror a societal trend in which traditional ideals of the biological family and more recent post-biological ideals in the form of adoptive practices have created an ideological construct in which foster subjectivities are seen as identity-less. That is, the two poles of "biological family" and "adoptive family" support a particular normativity centered on a nuclear family ideal which then excludes foster families/children from membership—stereotyping foster care as inherently incapable of providing children a full and meaningful life. Ultimately, this ideological system prefers adoption, presenting it as the solution to all experiences of fostered and orphaned children. And nowhere is this ideology more present than in our society's most revered cultural productions—where orphans and foster children are continuously disparaged or misrepresented. My target for analysis in this paper will be the monumental Star Wars franchise, and in particular its three main trilogies, The Skywalker Saga . I will show how its most recent trilogy (2015–2019) embodies the transition from a biocentric normativity excluding all nonbiological families, to a status quo which has normalized adoptive-family making. Alongside a traditional biological familial ideal, adoptive families are regarded as a conventional family , and are thus capable of offering otherwise down-and-out children with meaningful lives and full identities. As this new ideological structure (what I refer to below as the ideological dyad ) becomes more entrenched in our culture, little room is left for an alternative understanding for how the systemic issues associated with a system like foster care might be addressed.
Law and Adoption in the UK: A Conversation with Alice Diver
Authors: Diver Alice , Hipchen Emily
Published: September 2023

abstract: In this conversation, Emily Hipchen speaks with Dr. Alice Diver (School of Law, QUB, N. Ireland) about some of the themes underpinning her publication, "'Monstrous Othering': The Gothic Nature of Origin-Tracing in Law and Literature" (November 2021). The conversation opens with a brief discussion of their own respective experiences as "mother and baby home" adoptees in the US and Canada in the 1960s before turning to an analysis of how the particular adoptee brand of "fearful otherness" is often represented—and indeed perpetuated—in certain works of "monstrous orphan" fiction. In respect of achieving meaningful sociolegal and cultural reforms, language is key. The debates surrounding the wording of Ireland's controversial Birth Information and Tracing Act (2022) highlighted how lingering prejudices still attach to the topic of adoption and to the need to find one's origins. Discriminatory barriers to access—and contact with genetic relatives—still exist: the use of labels matters, too, as the controversy over the use of the term "birth mother" within the legislation (since amended to "mother") also evidenced. Though mainly relevant to adoptee rights, and adoption law and policy, debates and discourse on language may also impact on other areas where losses of origins occur, such as surrogacy and international adoption.
A Critical Adoption Dialogue about the Race-Family-Nation Nexus
Authors: Dorow Sara , Stevenson Allyson , Mirzahi Sadaf
Published: September 2023

abstract: Adoption & Culture 's series of anniversary articles has affirmed critical adoption studies (CAS) as a growing, diverse, and continually relevant field of inquiry. As part of this endeavor, two adoption scholars created a collaborative dialogue on what it means to "do" CAS from the unique but overlapping perspectives of their two distinct research projects: Dorow's sociological work on late twentieth century China-US adoption and Stevenson's historical work on mid-twentieth century Indigenous adoption in Canada. Reflecting together on their respective approaches and methodologies, they focus on the intimate politics of kinship-nation-race that animate both of these contexts of adoption, while also noting the specific questions and issues that emerge from each distinct context. The conclusion offers three questions for the ongoing work of CAS and asserts the need for more interdisciplinary and pluralistic studies across seemingly disparate cases.
Adoption's Unfinished Business: A Roundtable Discussion
Authors: Cardaras Mary , Glaser Gabrielle , Luce Gregory , Van Steen Gonda
Published: September 2023

abstract: This roundtable discussion in which four participants take part allows adopted persons and those with experience of adoption to reflect on the enduring nature of adoption, the writing process that tries to capture it, and the challenges that in-country as well as intercountry adoptions still present. Guiding questions are: 1) How did you come to the process of writing? What does your genre of writing entail and what does it bring to the conversation about adoption? What made this writing happen and why now? 2) How would you define the "unfinished business" of adoption? Does it relate to the role that access to birth and adoption records plays? Is access a matter of institutional/legal challenges and/or psychological and even medical concerns? 3) What do you see as the main similarities and differences between in-country and intercountry adoptions? How do you see the two converge or drift apart in the near future? 4) What has changed recently in the adoption discussion? What remains to be debated and fought for?
‘Brian’s Sword’ and the ‘Standard of the King of the Saxons’ in the Irish Annals: The Godwinsons, Hastings and Leinster–Munster Relations
Authors: Ellis Caitlin
Published: September 2023

This article examines a reference in the Annals of Inisfallen concerning material objects given by Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó to Tairdelbach Ua Briain, or possibly taken by Tairdelbach from Diarmait. It considers the origins and transmissions of these objects, and in particular tries to identify the ‘king of the Saxons’ and how his standard came into Diarmait’s possession, in the context of other similar objects in Ireland and beyond. Further, this article discusses the power dynamics between Diarmait and Tairdelbach, including notions of tuarastal, overlordship and alliance, by comparing this annalistic item to others that are similar and considering the wider political situation. This investigation sheds some light on annalistic reportage as well as on Irish kings’ relationships both with the family of Harold Godwinson and with the Normans in England.
Retiring Bards: The Motives Behind the Professional Bards’ Religious Compositions
Authors: Simms Katharine
Published: September 2023

About one-fifth of the extant corpus of Bardic poetry consists of poems on religious themes. Why did professional Bardic poets, who made their living from praising worldly patrons, expend so much effort on religious verse? This paper offers some possible explanations.
Riding Modern Waves: Sea Bathing for Health in Meiji Japan
Authors: Nakamura Ellen Gardner
Published: September 2023

abstract: During the late nineteenth century, leading Japanese doctors promoted therapeutic sea bathing as a means of achieving good health and bodily strength. Influenced by European medical discourses, they advocated the practice as creating the conditions of "hygienic modernity" and the healthy, modern bodies that Japan needed. Ordinary people also embraced sea bathing in ways that drew on their experiences of traditional hot-springs resorts as well as fulfilling newer, modern desires to escape the pressures of everyday life. I chart the social history of sea bathing culture in the Meiji period to show how medical discourses of hygienic modernity were disseminated, popularized, and ultimately transformed. This important case study illustrates the interconnections and tensions between the state-sponsored application of hygienic modernity and popular ideas about preventative medicine, leisure, and pleasure in nineteenth-century East Asia. 摘要: 明治期、日本の医学者が熱心に海水浴を健康法として勧めた。ヨーロッパの 思想を受けて国民の体力を向上させる目的であった。その結果、海水浴が広まった が、健康よりレジャーと娯楽に変化していった。本研究は海水浴を例として養生と衛 生の関係を考察する。
The development of phonological patterns in an urban dialect contact setting: Evidence from Seoul Korean
Authors: Kwon Soohyun
Published: September 2023

Abstract: This study investigates the linguistic outcome of migration-induced dialect contact in contemporary urban settings by tracking the development of the variable deletion of /w/ in Seoul Korean. The results from apparent-time and real-time analyses reveal that the rate of postconsonantal /w/-deletion, which previously had been rising, has begun to fall. In addition, the strong effect of the preceding consonant on this deletion has weakened significantly. Meanwhile, the rate of non-postconsonantal /w/-deletion has continued to rise, and, for younger speakers, non-postconsonantal /w/-deletion now patterns similarly with postconsonantal /w/-deletion. I argue that the dilution of the original pattern of the deletion rule is the result of the interplay between linguistic diffusion induced by a massive influx of migrants into Seoul and phonological restructuring by subsequent generations.
Design method of freeform off-axis three-mirror reflective imaging systems
Authors: Zhao Huaixue , Gao Limin , Mao Xianglong , Duan Yaxuan , Xue Xun
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method is proposed to design a freeform off-axis three-mirror reflective imaging system. A special algorithm is demonstrated to calculate the data points on the unknown freeform surface using the rays from the pupil of the center field. Then the three-dimensional shape of the freeform surface is solved by these characteristic points, which serves as a good starting point for further optimization. The benefit of this design method is demonstrated by designing a freeform off-axis three mirror imaging system with high performance. The final system operates at F/2 with an entrance pupil diameter of 400 mm and a field of view of 2.4∘×2.4∘. The modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the system reaches 0.6 at 100 lp/mm or higher at all fields of view.
Order transfer in a hybrid Raman-laser-optomechanical resonator
Authors: Yang Zhenning , Zhang Wanzhe , Zhu Changlong , Wang Zhe , Guan Jianqing , Huo Yue , Tang Xiaohe , Shi Wei , Xia Keyu , Liu Yu-xi , Yang Lan , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2023

Order is one of the most important concepts to interpret various phenomena such as the emergence of turbulence and the life-evolution process. The generation of laser can also be treated as an ordering process in which the interaction between the laser beam and the gain medium leads to the correlation between photons in the output optical field. Here, we demonstrate experimentally in a hybrid Raman-laser-optomechanical system that an ordered Raman laser can be generated from an entropy-absorption process by a chaotic optomechanical resonator. When the optomechanical resonator is chaotic or disordered enough, the Raman-laser field is in an ordered lasing mode. This can be interpreted by the entropy transfer from the Raman-laser mode to the chaotic motion mediated by optomechanics. Different order parameters, such as the box-counting dimension, the maximal Lyapunov exponent, and the Kolmogorov entropy, are introduced to quantitatively analyze this entropy transfer process, by which we can observe the order transfer between the Raman-laser mode and the optomechanical resonator. Our study presents a new mechanism of laser generation and opens up new dimensions of research such as the modulation of laser by optomechanics.
Narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers based on nonlinear self-injection locking
Authors: Bishop Andrew , Gaeta Alexander
Published: September 2023

Self-injection locking techniques for stabilizing lasers have been developed using passive cavities to increase the effective lifetime of the laser cavity, thereby reducing the linewidth of the laser. We propose and demonstrate a new technique based on nonlinear self-injection locking (N-SIL) which we implement via feedback from the gain-narrowed Stokes mode of a fiber Brillouin oscillator. By blue-shifting the Stokes field back to its pump frequency with an electro-optic modulator we realize recursive linewidth reduction that eliminates the phase drift caused by spontaneous emission noise. The fundamental linewidth limit is set by the spontaneous emission limit of the nonlinear oscillator, far lower than the spontaneous emission limit of a semiconductor laser. We demonstrate the power of this approach by achieving sub-hertz fundamental linewidth from the output of a commercial DFB laser and noise performance that significantly exceeds that of conventional SIL. We also and propose alternative fully-integrated designs in CMOS-compatible photonic platforms that allow for highly compact and robust implementations.
Trends in perioperative practices of high-risk surgical patients over a 10-year interval
Authors: Gomes Brenno Cardoso , Lobo Suzana Margareth Ajeje , Sá Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo , de Freitas Chaves Renato Carneiro , Domingos Corrêa Thiago , Prata Amendola Cristina , Silva Júnior João Manoel ,   on behalf of The BraSIS research group
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In Brazil, data show an important decrease in morbi-mortality of high-risk surgical patients over a 10-year high. The objective of this post-hoc study was to evaluate the mechanism explaining this trend in high-risk surgical patients admitted to Brazilian ICUs in two large Brazilian multicenter cohort studies performed 10 years apart.

Methods

The patients included in the 2 cohorts studies published in 2008 and 2018 were compared after a (1:1) propensity score matching. Patients included were adults who underwent surgeries and admitted to the ICU afterwards.

Results

After matching, 704 patients were analyzed. Compared to the 2018 cohort, 2008 cohort had more postoperative infections (OR 13.4; 95%CI 6.1–29.3) and cardiovascular complications (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.0–2.2), as well as a lower survival ICU stay (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.36–4.20) and hospital stay (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.62). In addition, by verifying factors strongly associated with hospital mortality, it was found that the risk of death correlated with higher intraoperative fluid balance (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06), higher creatinine (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.1–1.56), and intraoperative blood transfusion (OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.35–4.0). By increasing the mean arterial pressure, according to the limits of sample values from 43 mmHg to 118 mmHg, the risk of death decreased (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.98). The 2008 cohort had higher fluid balance, postoperative creatinine, and volume of intraoperative blood transfused and lower mean blood pressure at ICU admission and temperature at the end of surgery.

Conclusion

In this sample of ICUs in Brazil, high-risk surgical patients still have a high rate of complications, but with improvement over a period of 10 years. There were changes in the management of these patients over time.
Identification of the simultaneous use of multiple hypnotics as a risk factor for falls in hospitalized patients by a matched case-control study
Authors: Morishita Chihiro , Tamada Yu , Shimura Akiyoshi , Ishibashi Yoshiki , Higashiyama Motoki , Masuya Jiro , Higashi Shinji , Inoue Takeshi , Fujimura Yota
Published: September 2023

Aim

The risk of falls owing to simultaneous use of multiple hypnotics has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the simultaneous use of 2 hypnotics and the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients.

Methods

A matched case-control study was conducted at Tokyo Medical University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, utilizing data from medical records. Cases were 434 hospitalized patients who experienced falls during their hospital stay between January 2016 and December 2016, and controls were 434 hospitalized patients without falls, individually matched by age, sex, and clinical department. The outcome was the occurrence of an in-hospital fall. The associations between the use of 1 hypnotic and falls, and between the use of 2 hypnotics and falls were assessed by conditional logistic regression analyses. The main multivariable conditional logistic regression model was adjusted for potential risk factors, including the use of other classes of psychotropics (antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytics), in addition to patient characteristics.

Results

The main multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses showed that the simultaneous use of 2 hypnotics (odds ratio [OR] = 2.986; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.041–8.567), but not the use of a single hypnotic (OR = 1.252; 95% CI, 0.843–1.859), was significantly associated with an increased OR of falls.

Conclusion

The simultaneous use of 2 hypnotics is a risk factor for falls among hospitalized patients, whereas the use of a single hypnotic may not.
Assessment of antibody dynamics and neutralizing activity using serological assay after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Takahashi Toshihiro , Ai Tomohiko , Saito Kaori , Nojiri Shuko , Takahashi Maika , Igawa Gene , Yamamoto Takamasa , Khasawneh Abdullah , Paran Faith Jessica , Takei Satomi , Horiuchi Yuki , Kanno Takayuki , Tobiume Minoru , Hiki Makoto , Wakita Mitsuru , Miida Takashi , Okuzawa Atsushi , Suzuki Tadaki , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Naito Toshio , Tabe Yoko
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 antibody test was developed to investigate the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we examined whether S antibody titers measured using the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (S-IgG), a high-throughput test method, reflects the neutralizing capacity acquired after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. To assess the antibody dynamics and neutralizing potency, we utilized a total of 457 serum samples from 253 individuals: 325 samples from 128 COVID-19 patients including 136 samples from 29 severe/critical cases (Group S), 155 samples from 71 mild/moderate cases (Group M), and 132 samples from 132 health care workers (HCWs) who have received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccinations. The authentic virus neutralization assay, the surrogate virus neutralizing antibody test (sVNT), and the Anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (N-IgG) have been performed along with the S-IgG. The S-IgG correlated well with the neutralizing activity detected by the authentic virus neutralization assay (0.8904. of Spearman’s rho value, p < 0.0001) and sVNT (0.9206. of Spearman’s rho value, p < 0.0001). However, 4 samples (2.3%) of S-IgG and 8 samples (4.5%) of sVNT were inconsistent with negative results for neutralizing activity of the authentic virus neutralization assay. The kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-S IgG in severe cases were faster than the mild cases. All the HCWs elicited anti-S IgG titer after the second vaccination. However, the HCWs with history of COVID-19 or positive N-IgG elicited higher anti-S IgG titers than those who did not have it previously. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict the risk of breakthrough infection from anti-S IgG or sVNT antibody titers in HCWs after the second vaccination. Our data shows that the use of anti-S IgG titers as direct quantitative markers of neutralizing capacity is limited. Thus, antibody tests should be carefully interpreted when used as serological markers for diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of COVID-19.
Arab fansubbers’ intervention in movie scripts through adding humorous notes: Reactions and functions
Authors: Abu-Rayyash Hussein , Al-Abbas Linda S. , Haider Ahmad S.
Published: September 2023

Translation notes, as employed in fansubbing, are remarks added to the subtitles without reference to the source text. The current study adopts quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigate the receptivity and classification of translation notes explicitly utilized in fan-subtitled English movies for Arab audiences. In the quantitative part, 90 participants were engaged to assess fan-subbed English films with embedded translation notes in Arabic and subsequently completed an eighteen-item questionnaire. The analysis revealed a favourable disposition towards translation notes, albeit with a caveat of requisite technical refinements in future products. Moreover, the findings indicated a predilection for incorporating such notes in specific film genres, such as comedy and romance, as opposed to horror or documentaries. In the qualitative part, the researchers conducted an exhaustive examination of 120 translation notes, subsequently categorizing them into ten thematic classifications. The investigation further showed that fansubbers might provide commentary on scenes laden with disbelief or blasphemy, distancing the viewers from the content while maintaining a comedic tone. Additionally, fansubbers may exercise discretion in abstaining from translating sequences deemed repetitive or ill-suited for the target audience. The results further posit that vernacular dialects demonstrate a heightened efficacy in conveying humour, as opposed to the utilization of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), given the former’s ubiquity in quotidian communication and the latter’s association with formal contexts. Finally, the study concludes that more streaming platforms are recommended to add a new feature where viewers can watch the AV material with translation notes.
69 Exhibition Road: Twelve True-Life Tales from the Fag End of Punk, Porn & Performance, Dorothy Max Prior (2022)
Authors: Jones Peter
Published: September 2023

Review of: 69 Exhibition Road: Twelve True-Life Tales from the Fag End of Punk, Porn & Performance, Dorothy Max Prior (2022)

London: Strange Attractor Press, 328 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-91368-963-6, p/bk, £18.99

 

The Horror Show! A Twisted Tale of Modern Britain, Faye Dowling (Ed.) (2022)

London: Somerset House Trust, 128 pp.,

ISBN 987-1-99961-549-9, p/bk, £16.50
Punk Rock and Philosophy: Research and Destroy, Joshua Heter and Richard Greene (eds) (2022)
Authors: Healy Grace
Published: September 2023

Review of: Punk Rock and Philosophy: Research and Destroy, Joshua Heter and Richard Greene (eds) (2022)

Chicago, IL: Open Universe, 346 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-63770-022-8, p/bk, $24.95
Freak Scenes: American Indie Cinema and Indie Music Culture, Jamie Sexton (2023)
Authors: Sewell John Ike
Published: September 2023

Review of: Freak Scenes: American Indie Cinema and Indie Music Culture, Jamie Sexton (2023)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 200 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47441-406-7, h/bk, £85
A Framework for Improving the Performance of QKDN using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Arthi R , Saravanan A , Nayana J S , MuthuKumaran Chandresh
Published: September 2023

A reliable secure communication can be given between two remote parties by key sharing, quantum key distribution (QKD) is widely concentrated as the information in QKD is safeguarded by the laws of quantum physics. There are many techniques that deal with quantum key distribution network (QKDN), however, only few of them use machine learning (ML) and soft computing techniques to improve QKDN. ML can analyze data and improve itself through model training without having to be programmed manually. There has been a lot of progress in both the hardware and software of ML technologies. Given ML’s advantageous features, it can help improve and resolve issues in QKDN, facilitating its commercialization. The proposed work provides a detailed understanding of role of each layer of QKDN, addressing the limitations of each layer, and suggesting a framework to improve the performance metrics for various applications of QKDN by applying machine learning techniques, such as support vector machine and decision tree algorithms.
Values in Jewish Children's Literature
Authors: Yaffa Ganz
Published: September 2023

Writers are supposed to be broad­minded, liberal, objective, ecumenical people. Well, I admit  that I am guilty of a very definite parochial prejudice. I happen to think that Jewish books—whether  they are humorous  and light, or grappling  with serious matters—should have something Jewish to say to their readers. And to me, "something  Jewish" means that, in some way,a  book is plugged into the central nervous system of Jewish lore and knowledge, that it looks to Jewish sources for direction, and that it starts from the premise that the foundation of Jewish truth and  wisdom—i.e.,  the  Torah—is our un­wavering focal point.
Jewish Values and Cultural Transformations: Four Key Questions
Authors: Levitin Sonia
Published: September 2023

In this paper, I attempt to answer the fol­lowing questions: What is a values-oriented literature and what is its antithesis? Values vs. indoctrination: what are our choices? Who decides which values to promote? Can we dare to be different? What are the goals and expectations of a values-oriented literature? How does a values-oriented literature fit into the realm of art?
Az AUKUS: megállapodás a Csendes óceáni térség átalakítására
Authors: Balogh Attila
Published: September 2023

Charles Edel: The AUKUS Wager More Than a Security Pact, the Deal Aims to Transform the Indo-Pacific Order Foreign Affairs, 2023 augusztus 4. Charles Edel a Foreign Affairs 2023. augusztusi számában megjelent cikke az Ausztrália, az Egyesült Királyság és az Egyesült Államok közötti AUKUS védelmi együttműködés jelentőségét, kihívásait és lehetséges hatásait tárgyalja. A cikk hangsúlyozza az AUKUS által képviselt stratégiai váltást, annak az indo-csendes-óceáni térségre gyakorolt szélesebb körű hatásait, valamint a hatékony végrehajtás szükségességét a kívánt célok elérése érdekében.
Összefogás Kína ellen?
Authors: Balogh Attila
Published: September 2023

Mary E. Lovely „The Trouble With Trans-Pacific Trade”, Foreign Affairs, 2023 január Mary E. Lovely a Foreign Affairs 2023. januári számában megjelent cikkében átfogó elemzést közöl az Indai és Csendes-óceáni Gazdasági Keretről (Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, IPEF) és annak a térség gazdasági helyzetére gyakorolt hatásairól. Az amerikai kormányzat által indítványozott kereskedelmi megállapodás célja, hogy betöltse azt az űrt, amelyet az Egyesült Államok 2017-es kilépése a Csendes-óceáni Partnerségből (Trans-Pacific Partnership, TPP) hagyott maga után. A szerző megvizsgálja az IPEF potenciális előnyeit és kihívásait, és elmélyül az USA indo-csendes-óceáni térségre vonatkozó kereskedelempolitikájának tágabb összefüggéseiben.
A blockchain szerepe az üzleti bizalom megteremtésében
Authors: Kenéz Dávid
Published: September 2023

A blockchain a pénzügy területén már most jelentős fejlődési lehetőséggel rendelkezik, mind elméleti, mind gyakorlati szempontból. Ugyanakkor érdemes megfontolni annak alkalmazását a számvitel területén is, hiszen az évek során számos változáson és technológiai újításon ment keresztül, mint például az online megoldások bevezetése és más rendszerekkel való kapcsolódása. Bár a blockchain alkalmazásával kapcsolatos elméleti és technológiai kihívások léteznek, az előretekintő trendek arra utalnak, hogy ezek a kihívások a közeljövőben megoldódnak.
„A legjobb a globális szabályozás lenne”
Authors: Nagy Konrád Ákos
Published: September 2023

Beszélgetés a BKIK Akadémia Klub keretében. 2023. június 27-én tartotta meg következő beszélgetését a BKIK Akadémia Klubja. A beszélgetés témája a mesterséges intelligencia etikai kérdései voltak, a helyszíne a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem volt. A beszélgetésen Gaál Norbert, vállalkozó, Bupa Lead & Head of Strategic Design, a Cognitive UXD alapítója, Dr. Eigner György az Óbudai Egyetem Neumann Informatikai Karának dékánja és Dr. Birher Nándor, a Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem dékánja, a Jogtörténeti, Jogelméleti és Egyházjogi Tanszék vezetője vett részt. A beszélgetést Dr. Stöckert Dávid, a Start Akadémia tehetséggondozó programjának vezetője moderálta. A szűk körű beszélgetés kamarai vezetők, egyetemi oktatók és egyetemi hallgatók részvételével zajlott.
Pénzügyi ösztönzők a felnőttképzésben – a német példa
Authors: Kovács Marianna
Published: September 2023

Életünk minden területére igaz, így a munka világára is, hogy gyorsan és folyamatosan változik. Az OECD különböző tanulmányokban mutatja be, hogy az egyes tagországok gazdasága és továbbképzési, illetve felnőttképzési rendszereik milyen összefüggéseket mutatnak. (https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/1f552468-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/1f552468-en))
A technológia-oktatás fontossága közgazdászoknak
Authors: Nagy Konrád Ákos
Published: September 2023

Tim Philips, a brüsszeli CEPR intézethez tartozó VoxTalk (https://cepr.org/multimedia/power-and-progress) podcast műsorvezetője kérdezte Daron Acemoglut a Power and Progress című könyve kapcsán, mely nemrég jelent meg. A könyvet kollégájával Simon Johnsonnal közösen írták, melyben egy új nézőpontot jelenítenek meg a technológia és különösképpen a mesterséges intelligencia fejlődési irányával kapcsolatban.
Compression behaviour and failure mechanisms of a safety culvert made of hollow high-performance concrete blocks
Authors: Hála Petr , Šmejkal Filip , Sovják Radoslav
Published: September 2023

The safety culvert composed of hollow high-performance concrete blocks is designed to reduce the risk of injury in the event of a collision. This work presents a new design with an opening for water flow, tests it, identifies its weaknesses, and discusses possible improvements. The numerical model is constructed, validated by experiment, and used to study the effect of design parameters on the load capacity, compression behaviour, and failure mechanisms. The response varies most markedly with the opening diameter. The failure mode changes from bending failure to concrete crushing as the diameter decreases. The effect is most pronounced for diameters less than 400 mm, where the load capacity increases by 6 kN per millimetre reduction. If a crack develops in the culvert during its service life, the first such crack will form in the top layer of blocks, followed by a crack in the opening. These areas should be monitored more closely during follow-up tests with passing vehicles.