bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Fiber Tweezers for the Assembly of Living Photonic Probes
Authors: Li Xing , Xin Hongbao
Published: November 2021

Optical fiber tweezers, as a versatile tool for optical trapping and manipulation, have attracted much attention in cell trapping, manipulation, and detection. Particularly, assembly of living cells using optical fiber tweezes has become a significant attention. Advanced achievements have been made on the assembly of fully biocompatible photonic probes with biological cells, enabling optical detection in biological environment in a highly compatible manner. Therefore, in this chapter, we discuss the use of optical fiber tweezers for assembly of living photonic probes. Living photonic probes can be assembled by the trapping and assembly of multiple cells using optical fiber tweezers. These photonic probes exhibit high biocompatibility and show great promise for the bio-applications in bio-microenvironments.
Development of Generic Radiating Model for Rectangular Capacitors: Magnetic Near Fields Analysis and Modeling
Authors: Labiedh Walid , Zitouna Bessem , Tlig Mohamed , Ben Hadj Slama Jaleleddine
Published: November 2021

This chapter deals with modeling the radiation from rectangular film capacitors as a power electronics component. The rectangular film capacitors are sources of electromagnetic radiation, where its characterization is crucial for electronic circuits EMC. Our study presents the analyses and modeling of the magnetic near field radiated by the plastic and the polyester capacitors. An electromagnetic inverse method is combined with an optimization method based on genetic algorithms to create a radiating equivalent model. A very good agreement is observed between the magnetic near field cartography measured above the studied structure and calculated using the developed model parameters. Finally, a generic radiating model is proposed for various types of rectangular film capacitors. The generic model is validated using the measurements on a rectangular capacitor. The obtained equivalent model can calculate the magnetic field at any near field zone and far field around the capacitors. Circuit designers can use the field distribution to optimize the placement of the capacitors on the printed circuit board to reduce their coupling and potential interaction with other equipment in the vicinity of the system.
Laser Opto-Electronic Oscillator and the Modulation of a Laser Emission
Authors: Bortsov Alexander
Published: November 2021

The autonomous optoelectronic generator (OEO) is considered in the chapter as a source of low-noise oscillations. Differential equations are considered and methods with OEO modulation with direct and external modulation are analyzed. The complexity of both approaches is related to the non-standard way of description of the nonlinear method modulation for the internal (direct) structure and the utilization of the specific Mach-Zehnder modulator for the first stage on external modulation. The purpose of the presentation is to consider the main features of OEO as a low-noise generator. This includes consideration based on the study of differential equations, the study of transients in OEO, and the calculation of phase noise. It is shown that different types of fibers with low losses at small bending radii can be used as a FOLD in OEO. The important role of the choice of a coherent laser for OEO with a small spectral line width is shown. The prospects of using structured fibers with low losses at bends of less than 10 mm in OEO are described. The results of modeling dynamic processes in OEO with direct modulation are presented.
Human Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and Response to Treatment
Authors: Benlier Necla , Gundogdu Nevhiz , Ozkur Mehtap
Published: November 2021

Clinicians and researchers observing the natural history of endemic and epidemic infections have always been fascinated by the vagaries of these diseases, in terms of both the changing nature of the disease severity and phenotype over time and the variable susceptibility of hosts within exposed populations. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 and is believed to originate from bats, quickly transformed into a global pandemic. The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing great threats to the global health in many aspects. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Comprehensive understanding of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction with hosts is fundamentally important in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Advanced age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes and obesity have been identified as risk factors for more severe COVID-19. However, which and to what extent specific genetic factors may account for the predisposition of individuals to develop severe disease or to contract the infection remains elusive. The increasing availability of data from COVID-19 patient populations is allowing for potential associations to be established between specific gene loci and disease severity, susceptibility to infection, and response to current/future drugs.
Revisiting Olivine Phosphate and Blend Cathodes in Lithium Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Bi Yujing , Wang Deyu
Published: November 2021

As electric vehicle market growing fast, lithium ion batteries demand is increasing rapidly. Sufficient battery materials supplies including cathode, anode, electrolyte, additives, et al. are required accordingly. Although layered cathode is welcome in high energy density batteries, it is challenging to balance the high energy density and safety beside cost. As consequence, olivine phosphate cathode is coming to the stage center again along with battery technology development. It is important and necessary to revisit the olivine phosphate cathode to understand and support the development of electric vehicles utilized lithium ion batteries. In addition, blend cathode is a good strategy to tailor and balance cathode property and performance. In this chapter, blend cathode using olivine phosphate cathode will be discussed as well as olivine phosphate cathode.
A deficiência e as concepções que conformam o campo da educação especial: permanências e rupturas em sua identidade
Authors: Souza Sirleine Brandão de
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, por meio de artigos publicados no periódico Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial, no período compreendido entre os anos de 1992 e 2015, as concepções subjacentes ao conceito de deficiência, empregadas pelos pesquisadores do campo, por meio da caraterização do alunado que o compõe, marcadas por determinados espaços e tempos históricos. Os textos foram selecionados a partir de critérios definidos a priori e analisados tendo por base o referencial teórico bourdieusiano. Como resultados, pode-se averiguar diferentes concepções subjacentes ao conceito de deficiência compondo o campo da educação especial, conformando permanências e rupturas em sua identidade, demonstrando que, nem sua constituição, nem a constituição do saber que aí se produz e que institui a identidade de seu público são estáveis e inflexíveis, mas decorrem de movimentos distintos enredados pelos movimentos dos outros campos, especialmente o campo político, na medida em que este é o espaço em que as práticas educacionais se concretizam.
Encuentros restaurativos, petición de perdón y resocializacion.
Authors: Maculan Elena
Published: November 2021

La reciente noticia de la reactivación de encuentros restaurativos entre exmiembros de ETA y víctimas de los delitos cometidos por esa organización (al hilo de la experiencia desarrollada en Nanclares de Oca en 2011, y con muchas similitudes con una experiencia vivida en Italia) ha vuelto a despertar el interés y el debate acerca de la aplicación de mecanismos de justicia restaurativa a sujetos acusados de, y condenados por, delitos de terrorismo. Mientras que su aplicación en la fase de ejecución de la pena se ha mantenido, hasta ahora, separada de la evolución penitenciaria, sin repercutir positivamente en ella, esta contribución propone considerar la posibilidad de que la participación de los internos en estos encuentros no solamente sea valorada como indicio de su resocialización, sino también que pueda cumplir la condición de “petición de perdón” a las víctimas, que la legislación penitenciaria y la jurisprudencia exigen para que los condenados por estos delitos puedan acceder al tercer grado, a la libertad condicional y a otros beneficios. Recuperar y conceptualizar este mecanismo restaurativo bajo este prisma permitiría superar, al menos en parte, los cortocircuitos a los que está dando lugar la aplicación de estas condiciones especiales para la evolución penitenciaria de los condenados por delitos de terrorismo.
End-of-Life Characteristics Associated With Short Hospice Length of Stay for Patients With Solid Tumors Enrolled in Phase I Clinical Trials
Authors: Sedhom Ramy , Blackford Amanda L. , Gupta Arjun , Griffiths Kelly , Heussner Janet , Carducci Michael A.
Published: November 2021

Background: Patients participating in phase I trials represent a population with advanced cancer and symptoms, with quality-of-life implications arising from both disease and treatment. Transitions to end-of-life care for these patients have received little attention. Good empirical data are needed to better understand the role of advance care planning and palliative care during phase I trial transitions. We investigated how physician–patient communication at the time of disease progression, patient characteristics, and patterns of care were associated with end-of-life care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with solid tumors enrolled in phase I trials at a comprehensive cancer center from January 2015 to December 2017. We captured physician–patient communication during disease progression. Among patients who died, we assessed palliative care referral, advance care planning, place of death, healthcare use in the final month of life, hospice enrollment, and hospice length of stay (LOS). Factors independently associated with a short hospice LOS (defined as ≤3 days) were estimated from a multivariable model building approach. Results: Among 207 participants enrolled in phase I intervention studies at Johns Hopkins Hospital, the median age was 61 years (range, 31–91 years), 48% were women, 21% were members of racial minority groups, and 41.5% were referred from an outside institution. At the time of disease progression, 53% had goals of care documented, 47% were previously referred to palliative care, and 41% discussed hospice with their oncologist. A total of 82% of decedents died within 1 year of study enrollment, and 85% enrolled in hospice. Among the 147 participants who enrolled in hospice, 22 (15%) had a short LOS (≤3 days). Factors independently associated with an increased risk of short hospice LOS in the multivariable model included age >65 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.24; P=.04), whereas remaining at the same institution (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65–0.80; P<.001) and referral to palliative care before progression (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75–0.92; P<.001) were associated with a decreased risk of short hospice LOS. Conclusions: Reported data support the benefit of palliative care for patients in phase I trials and the risks associated with healthcare transitions for all patients, particularly older adults, regardless of care received. Leaving a clinical trial is a time when clear communication is paramount. Phase I studies will continue to be vital in advancing cancer treatment. It is equally important to advance the support provided to patients who transition off these trials.
Association of Chronic Immune-Mediated Diarrhea and Colitis With Favorable Cancer Response
Authors: Zou Fangwen , Abu-Sbeih Hamzah , Ma Weijie , Peng Yuanzun , Qiao Wei , Wang Jianbo , Shah Amishi Y. , Glitza Oliva Isabella C. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Thompson John A. , Zhang Hao Chi , Thomas Anusha S. , Wang Yinghong
Published: November 2021

Background: Immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (IMDC) is a common immune-related adverse effect related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We aimed to identify risk factors for chronic IMDC and its prognostic value in cancer outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients with a diagnosis of IMDC between January 2018 and October 2019 and grouped them based on disease duration into acute (≤3 months) and chronic (>3 months) categories. A logistic regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests were used for biostatistical analysis. Results: In our sample of 88 patients, 43 were in the chronic group and 45 were in the acute group. Genitourinary cancer and melanoma accounted for 70% of malignancies. PD-1/L1 monotherapy (52%) was the more frequently used regimen. We showed that chronic IMDC was associated with proton pump inhibitor use (odds ratio [OR], 3.96; P=.026), long duration of IMDC symptoms (OR, 1.05; P<.001) and hospitalization (OR, 1.07; P=.043), a histologic feature of chronic active colitis (OR, 4.8; P=.025) or microscopic colitis (OR, 5.0; P=.045), and delayed introduction of selective immunosuppressive therapy (infliximab/vedolizumab; OR, 1.06; P=.047). Chronic IMDC also reflected a better cancer response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (30% vs 51%; P=.002) and was accompanied by improved overall survival (P=.035). Similarly, higher doses of selective immunosuppressive therapy were associated with better overall survival (P=.018). Conclusions: Chronic IMDC can develop among patients with a more aggressive disease course and chronic features on colon histology. It likely reflects a prolonged immune checkpoint inhibitor effect and is associated with better cancer outcome and overall survival.
Shorter Diagnosis-to-Treatment Interval in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma is Associated With Inferior Overall Survival in a Large, Population-Based Registry
Authors: Blunt Danielle N. , Smyth Liam , Nagamuthu Chenthila , Gatov Evgenia , Croxford Ruth , Mozessohn Lee , Cheung Matthew C.
Published: November 2021

Background: Because of prolonged screening requirements, patient and time-dependent selection have been proposed as potential biases in clinical trials. The screening process may exclude patients with a need for emergent treatment (and a short period from diagnosis to treatment initiation [DTI]). We explored the impact of DTI on overall survival (OS) in a population-based cohort of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients and Methods: Using population-based administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we identified adults aged ≥18 years with DLBCL treated with rituximab-based chemotherapy for curative intent between January 2005 and December 2015. Cox regression and multivariable analyses were presented to evaluate the impact of time from DTI on OS, controlling for relevant covariates. Results: We identified 9,441 patients with DLBCL in Ontario; median age was 66 years, 53.6% were male, median number of comorbidities (Johns Hopkins aggregated diagnosis groups) was 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 8–13), and median DTI was 37 days (IQR, 22–61). Between treatment initiation and study end, 43% of patients died (median OS, 1 year; IQR, 0.4–2.8 years). Shorter DTI was a significant predictor of mortality (P<.001). Compared with the shortest DTI period of 0–18 days, those who commenced therapy at 19–29 days (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68–0.84), 30–41 days (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63–0.78), 42–57 days (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.46–0.58), and 58–180 days (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.47–0.58) had improved survival. Increasing age (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.03–1.04), male sex (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14–1.32), and increasing number of comorbidities (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11–1.13) were associated with inferior survival. Conclusions: Among patients with DLBCL, shorter DTI was associated with inferior OS. Therefore, DTI may represent a surrogate marker for aggressive biology. Clinical trials with lengthy screening periods are likely creating a time-dependent patient selection bias.
Status of Cancer Care at Network Sites of the Nation’s Academic Cancer Centers
Authors: Gerson Stanton L. , Shaw Kate , Harrison Louis B. , Holcombe Randall F. , Hutchins Laura , Lee Carrie B. , Loehrer Patrick J. , Mulkerin Daniel , Purcell W. Thomas , Teston Lois , Weiner Louis M. , Weiner George J.
Published: November 2021

Background: Cancer care coordination across major academic medical centers and their networks is evolving rapidly, but the spectrum of organizational efforts has not been described. We conducted a mixed-methods survey of leading cancer centers and their networks to document care coordination and identify opportunities to improve geographically dispersed care. Methods: A mixed-methods survey was sent to 91 cancer centers in the United States and Canada. We analyzed the number and locations of network sites; access to electronic medical records (EMRs); clinical research support and participation at networks; use of patient navigators, care paths, and quality measures; and physician workforce. Responses were collected via Qualtrics software between September 2017 and December 2018. Results: Of the 69 responding cancer centers, 74% were NCI-designated. Eighty-seven percent of respondents were part of a matrix health system, and 13% were freestanding. Fifty-six reported having network sites. Forty-three respondents use navigators for disease-specific populations, and 24 use them for all patients. Thirty-five respondents use ≥1 types of care path. Fifty-seven percent of networks had complete, integrated access to their main center’s EMRs. Thirty-nine respondents said the main center provides funding for clinical research at networks, with 22 reporting the main center provides all funding. Thirty-five said the main center provided pharmacy support at the networks, with 15 indicating the main center provides 100% pharmacy support. Certification program participation varied extensively across networks. Conclusions: The data show academic cancer centers have extensive involvement in network cancer care, often extending into rural communities. Coordinating care through improved clinical trial access and greater use of patient navigation, care paths, coordinated EMRs, and quality measures is likely to improve patient outcomes. Although it is premature to draw firm conclusions, the survey results are appropriate for mapping next steps and data queries.
Helping Cancer Survivors Return to Work
Authors: Tevaarwerk Amye J.
Published: November 2021

Work limitations due to health problems can range from mild or transient limitations to persistent, long‐term dysfunction and can lead to employment instability, underemployment, and even loss of employment. In fact, compared with a healthy matched control population, cancer survivors are 1.37 times more likely to be unemployed. Because patients with metastatic disease are particularly vulnerable, proactive discussion regarding the potential impact of treatment on employment and work outcomes may be beneficial. However, employment and financial toxicity are not topics that clinicians are necessarily trained to address. Financial counselors or patient navigators may be better able to offer a personalized approach and help survivors navigate the complex resources that are involved. Additional research into cancer‐related work outcomes is needed.
Management of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Srinivas Sandy
Published: November 2021

Notable developments in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) include newer, more sophisticated imaging methods based on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET and development of radionuclide ligands for use with this modality. In the therapeutic area, PSMA PET–guided therapeutics are under study, and PARP inhibitors are being used to treat patients with gene alterations directly or indirectly involved with the homologous recombination repair pathway. Cabazitaxel has emerged as an effective third-line option for patients treated with prior novel hormonal agents and/or prior docetaxel. As investigators learn more about sequencing therapies for mCRPC, previous exposure is an important consideration for choice of treatment at disease progression.
Gastric and Esophageal Cancers: Guidelines Updates
Authors: Denlinger Crystal S. , Matkowskyj Kristina A. , Mulcahy Mary F.
Published: November 2021

For the treatment of gastric and esophageal cancers, several pivotal trials—especially those evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)—have altered the treatment landscape and led to changes in the NCCN Guidelines. In addition to pembrolizumab and nivolumab, new treatment options include trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), ramucirumab, and trifluridine/tipiracil. These agents convey varying degrees of benefit depending on treatment line, PD-L1 expression, HER2 expression, and tumor histology. Recently, ICIs have been incorporated into the first-line treatment of HER2-negative advanced esophageal, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and gastric cancers, in addition to second-line treatment of advanced esophageal and GEJ cancer of squamous histology. T-DXd is another new second-line option for HER2-positive esophageal, GEJ, and gastric adenocarcinomas. ICIs are now moving into the adjuvant setting as well, and a new recommendation is nivolumab use after preoperative chemoradiation and surgery in patients who have residual disease identified at the time of their R0 resections.
Updates in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kumar Shaji K.
Published: November 2021

The treatment of multiple myeloma is marked by many recent advances, but for newly diagnosed patients the standard of care for induction remains the combination of a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, and dexamethasone. The role of a 4-drug induction regimen is still being defined, but can be considered for patients with high-risk disease. For patients who are eligible to undergo stem cell transplant, this approach remains the preferred option, but transplant can be delayed until relapse if patients prefer. In those who are not eligible for transplant, based on impressive data with daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone, this triplet should be considered as initial therapy. In patients with relapsed disease, it is important to switch treatment to new drug classes; for this, multiple combinations can be recommended. Updated guidelines now include new drugs for refractory disease: selinexor and belantamab mafodotin, both listed as “other regimens” in the NCCN Guidelines, can be considered.
Keynote Session: Reducing Racial Disparities in Oncology—Recommendations for Implementing Guideline-Adherent Cancer Care
Authors: Chambers Shonta , Harrington Elizabeth , Lacasse Lisa A. , Winn Robert , Schatz moderated by Alyssa A.
Published: November 2021

Research shows that racial disparities exist in the delivery of guideline-adherent cancer care, and that non-White patients are less likely to receive guideline-concordant care than White patients, leading to worse health outcomes. However, these disparities are not often addressed. The Elevating Cancer Equity initiative aims to address these disparities through policy-change recommendations developed by a working group and informed by data from patients/caregivers and oncologists. The hope is that the results of these surveys and the resultant recommendations will be a step toward cancer care equity in the United States.
Use of PARP Inhibitors for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Armstrong Deborah K.
Published: November 2021

PARP inhibitors have been used to treat numerous diseases, but these agents have been approved the longest for use in ovarian cancer. All trials of PARP inhibitor maintenance in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer are positive for prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), but patients with BRCA mutations consistently derive the most benefit. Testing for homologous recombination deficiency may provide information regarding the degree of PFS benefit. In individuals without a BRCA mutation, PARP inhibition also prolongs PFS after chemotherapy for platinum-sensitive, PARP-naïve disease. As in the up-front setting, patients with BRCA mutations derive the most benefit in these trials. Finally, PARP inhibitors are active as monotherapy in PARP-naïve, BRCA-mutated relapsed disease, with increased activity observed in platinum-sensitive versus platinum-resistant disease.
Aproximación a la representación social de los Jóvenes NiNi. Análisis desde la comunidad educativa
Authors: Ruiz Mosquera Ana Cristina , Palma García María de las Olas
Published: November 2021

Se presenta un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de aproximarnos a la representación social de los jóvenes NiNi. Se realizaron entrevistas a 28 personas vinculadas al sistema educativo. Resultados: el término NiNi se ha incluido en nuestro vocabulario sin haber realizado un acercamiento a las circunstancias y características del colectivo. Conclusiones: existe una representación social clara y concisa sobre estos jóvenes por parte de los distintos agentes que componen la comunidad educativa y la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento sobre este colectivo para el diseño de intervenciones que prevengan la exclusión social de los jóvenes que atraviesen esa situación.

A descriptive study is presented with the objective of approaching the social representation of young NEETs. Interviews were conducted with 28 people linked to the educational system. Results: the term NiNi has been included in our vocabulary without having made an approach to the circumstances and characteristics of the group. Conclusions: there is a clear and concise social representation of these young people by the different agents that make up the educational community and the need to deepen the knowledge about this group for the design of interventions that prevent the social exclusion of young people who go through this situation.
Mujeres, poder y comunalidad: testimonio oral de Marcelina Bautista Bautista, primera mujer agente municipal de la Región de San Andrés Chicahuaxtla, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Tereso Ramírez Leonor , Sandoval Cruz Marcos
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de la investigación es comprender el acceso a espacios políticos de las mujeres indígenas, mediante la historia oral de la primera mujer agente municipal de la Región Triqui Alta, Oaxaca, México. Se traen como referencia teórica los conceptos de poder, comunalidad y resistencias, así mismo posicionamos la crítica desde una lectura del feminismo comunitario, que reconoce los procesos por los cuales las mujeres indígenas resisten las múltiples opresiones derivadas de diversas intersecciones como clase, etnia y género. El diseño de la investigación es exploratorio-descriptivo, utilizando un enfoque cualitativo basado en el método de casos que recupera la historia Oral de la primera mujer agente municipal de la región Triqui Alta en Oaxaca México. Una de las características de las comunidades indígenas es que rigen por el sistemas de usos y costumbres en donde la asamblea es el máximo órgano para la toma de decisiones y, fue en 1992 que se decidió que fuera Marcelina la primera mujer Agente Municipal de Santa Cruz Progreso, uno de los catorce pueblos que pertenecen a la Región de San Andrés Chicahuaxtla. Para Marcelina, estar en un espacio de poder desarrollando roles asignados culturalmente a hombres, negociando con toda la comunidad y realizando gestiones sociales para el bien común, ha sido un proceso difícil pero que a su vez deja claro la capacidad de mujeres de ocupar estos puestos que les han sido negados por mucho tiempo.

The objective of the research is to understand the access to political spaces of indigenous women, through the oral history of the first female municipal agent of the Triqui Alta Region, Oaxaca, Mexico. The concepts of power, communality and resistance are brought as a theoretical reference, likewise we position the criticism from a reading of community feminism, which recognizes the processes by which indigenous women resist the multiple oppressions derived from various intersections such as class, ethnicity and gender. . The research design is exploratory-descriptive, using a qualitative approach based on the case method that recovers the Oral history of the first female municipal agent of the Triqui Alta region in Oaxaca, Mexico. One of the characteristics of indigenous communities is that they govern by the system of uses and customs where the assembly is the highest decision-making body and, it was in 1992 that it was decided that Marcelina would be the first woman Municipal Agent of Santa Cruz Progreso, one of the fourteen towns that belong to the San Andrés Chicahuaxtla Region. For Marcelina, being in a space of power developing roles assigned culturally to men, negotiating with the entire community and carrying out social efforts for the common good, has been a difficult process but which in turn makes clear the ability of women to occupy these positions that have been denied them for a long time.
¿Buscando al culpable? La estrategia discursiva en Twitter de los actores políticos populistas europeos en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Alonso-Muñoz Laura , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: November 2021

Las democracias occidentales viven un impulso populista. En este contexto, la consolidación de las tecnologías digitales juega un papel clave por sus potencialidades para difundir con mayor facilidad los mensajes populistas. Esta investigación examina cómo los actores políticos populistas europeos introducen en su estrategia discursiva en Twitter la exclusión de grupos, el euroescepticismo y la existencia de crisis y cómo la enmarcan con el objetivo de conocer si existen diferencias significativas respecto a su ideología. La muestra está compuesta por los mensajes compartidos en Twitter por cuatro partidos políticos populistas europeos (Podemos, Movimiento 5 Estrellas, Frente Nacional y UKIP) y sus respectivos líderes (Pablo Iglesias, Beppe Grillo, Marine Le Pen y Nigel Farage y Paul Nuttall) durante tres periodos temporales fuera de campañas electorales. En total se han analizado 9.128 mensajes. Los principales hallazgos muestran que, pese a no ser características inherentes al fenómeno populista, la narrativa de la crisis, la exclusión de colectivos y el euroescepticismo está presente en el discurso de todos los actores políticos populistas analizados en Twitter. Todos ellos basan su estrategia discursiva en la búsqueda de culpables con el objetivo de presentarse ante el pueblo como la única opción política capaz de defenderles y devolverles la soberanía que les ha sido arrebatada. En este contexto, la ideología resulta determinante.
DIGITAL IMAGING ANALYSIS OF THE PLACENTA
Authors: Ljubojević Vesna
Published: November 2021

Recent studies indicate that placental and umbilical cord morphometry are the factors that may be associated with pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction. Recently, placental and umbilical cord morphometry have been performed using digital image analysis. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric parameters of placentas using digital image analysis. Material and methods: The digital imaging analysis of twenty placentas and umbilical cord were performed using Image Analysis LAS V4.3 software. Results: The length of the placentas was 191,77 mm ± 35,86 mm (mean ± standard deviation). The width of the placentas was 166,01 mm ± 19,01 mm. The placental surface area was 24495,13 mm2 ± 7038,86 mm2. The insertion of the umbilical cord to the placenta was central in 50 %, peripheral in 37,50 % and marginal in 12,5 % of analyzed placentas. The average distance of the umbilical cord insertion from the nearest placental margin was 38,89 mm ± 28,39 mm. The umbilical cord diameter at the insertion site was 21,16 mm± 5.69 mm. The diameter of the umbilical cord two centimeters from the insertion site was 12,36 mm ± 3,45 mm. Conclusion: Digital image analysis enables obtaining the objective morphometric parameters of the placenta and umbilical cord. The obtained morphometric parameters of the placenta and umbilical cord for our population are comparable to results of previous studies and open further placental research directions for the development of the screening method.
A comparison of food sources of nudibranch mollusks at different depths off the Kuril Islands using fatty acid trophic markers
Authors: Komisarenko Anatolii , Mordukhovich Vladimir , Ekimova Irina , Imbs Andrey
Published: November 2021

Gastropod molluscs such as nudibranchs are important members of deep-sea benthic ecosystems. However, data on the trophic ecology and feeding specialization of these animals are limited to date. The method of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) was applied to determine the dietary preferences of nudibranchs off the Kuril Islands. Fatty acid (FA) compositions of Dendronotus sp., Tritonia tetraquetra, and Colga pacifica collected from deep waters were analyzed and compared with those of Aeolidia papillosa and Coryphella verrucosa from the offshore zone. The high level of FATM such as 22:5n-6 and C20 monounsaturated FAs indicated that Dendronotus sp. preys on sea anemones and/or anthoathecates hydroids similarly to that of shallow-water species A. papillosa and C. verrucosa. The high percentage of tetracosapolyenoic acids and the ratio 24:6n-3/24:5n-6 indicated that T. tetraquetra preys on soft corals such as Gersemia and/or Acanella at a depth of 250 m, but soft corals of the family Primnoidae may be the main item in the diet of T. tetraquetra at a depth of 500 m. The high content of Δ 7,13-22:2 and 22:6n-3 shows that C. pacifica can feed on bryozoans. In C. pacifica, 22:5n-6 may be synthesized intrinsically by the mollusks, whereas odd-chain and branched saturated FAs originate from associated bacteria.
Genome-wide QTL mapping of yield and agronomic traits in two widely adapted winter wheat cultivars from multiple mega-environments
Authors: Dhakal Smit , Liu Xiaoxiao , Chu Chenggen , Yang Yan , Rudd Jackie C. , Ibrahim Amir M.H. , Xue Qingwu , Devkota Ravindra N. , Baker Jason A. , Baker Shannon A. , Simoneaux Bryan E. , Opena Geraldine B. , Sutton Russell , Jessup Kirk E. , Hui Kele , Wang Shichen , Johnson Charles D. , Metz Richard P. , Liu Shuyu
Published: November 2021

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis could help to identify suitable molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding (MAB). A mapping population of 124 F5:7recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross ‘TAM 112’/‘TAM 111’ was grown under 28 diverse environments and evaluated for grain yield, test weight, heading date, and plant height. The objective of this study was to detect QTL conferring grain yield and agronomic traits from multiple mega-environments. Through a linkage map with 5,948 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 51 QTL were consistently identified in two or more environments or analyses. Ten QTL linked to two or more traits were also identified on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4B, 4D, 6A, 7B, and 7D. Those QTL explained up to 13.3% of additive phenotypic variations with the additive logarithm of odds (LOD(A)) scores up to 11.2. The additive effect increased yield up to 8.16 and 6.57 g m−2 and increased test weight by 2.14 and 3.47 kg m−3 with favorable alleles from TAM 111 and TAM 112, respectively. Seven major QTL for yield and six for TW with one in common were of our interest on MAB as they explained 5% or more phenotypic variations through additive effects. This study confirmed previously identified loci and identified new QTL and the favorable alleles for improving grain yield and agronomic traits.
Binomial Transform of the Generalized Fourth Order Pell Sequence
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: November 2021

In this study, we define the binomial transform of the generalized fourth order Pell sequenceand as special cases, the binomial transform of the fourth order Pell and fourth order Pell-Lucassequences will be introduced. We investigate their properties in details.
A Qualitative Study about the Psychosocial Issues of COVID-19 Perceived by the South Asian Bangladeshi Senior Immigrants Living in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Islam Qazi Shafayetul , Akter Nasima
Published: November 2021

Background: People stayed home and got isolated during the pandemic time (COVID-19). The pandemic passed more than a year, and it is still ongoing. There is not enough information about the psychological and social issues of the COVID-19 on the South Asian senior immigrants living in Toronto.

Aim: The study aimed to explore the description of COVID-19 from the experience of the South Asian seniors and to understand the perceived psychosocial issues of COVID-19 on them. It helps policymakers develop adequate policies and initiatives for the South Asian Bangladeshi senior immigrants during and after the pandemic.

Methods: The study applied open-ended questions for the phone interview with 52 seniors (>55 years). It used thematic analysis for the interpretation of qualitative data. Each interview took 45-60 minutes to complete.

Results: The seniors described COVID-19 in medical, mental, and social aspects. They described COVID-19 as ‘viral and pandemic infections,’ ‘health problems,’ ‘lack of treatment,’ and ‘death.’ They also described COVID-19 as ‘worrying,’ ‘dangerous,’ ‘isolated society,’ ‘lack of recreation,’ ‘staying home like a prison,’ and ‘shut down everywhere.’ Many seniors felt lonely as the pandemic disconnected them from the family members and the outdoor activities.  They were also scared to get infected, were worried about seeing deaths and the shortage of vaccines worldwide and were sad as they could not meet people in person. Many seniors stayed home for months. They could not go outside for worship, doctors, shopping malls, and they felt that they had an unusual lifestyle.

Conclusion: Based on findings, adequate information, mental health supports, and virtual programs are needed to address the psychological and social issues of COVID-19.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness about Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation among Dental Practitioners of Gujarat, India
Authors: Chawla Khushbu , B. Kariya Pratik , Tailor Brijesh , Singh Sweta
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Conscious sedation is a safe and effective method of anxiolysis. However, the use of conscious sedation in pediatric dental patients is a controversial topic as it involves the intersection of dentistry and medicine. Among the many questions that could be asked, it is necessary to find out what dental practitioners think about the use of sedatives in their routine pediatric dental practice. Therefore, the above survey was conducted aiming to evaluate the perceptions of dentists on the use of Conscious Sedation in pediatric dental practice in Vadodara city, Gujarat.

Methods: Questionnaires were sent electronically to Indian Dental Association (IDA) members of Vadodara at the time of the study. The contact details of these dental practitioners were obtained from the IDA members list. Details on personal status, use of, and training in, conscious sedation techniques were sought via the questionnaires to find the knowledge, attitude, and awareness towards the use of Conscious Sedation in pediatric dental practice.

Results: The questionnaire was sent to IDA members in Vadodara city, Gujarat. 64.37% (150 dentists) responded to the questionnaire. 48% were female practitioners and 52% were male practitioners. 78.5% were in favor of using conscious sedation as a behavior management technique in pediatric dental practice, irrespective of their qualification or years of experience. Maximum knowledge about conscious sedation was obtained through the curriculum.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the dentists of Vadodara city, Gujarat state developed a positive attitude towards the use of conscious sedation, however, complained of a lack of training to the subject.
A Study on Knowledge Regarding Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene among School Girls of Karad
Authors: C. Bhandari Pradnya , G. Bhole Meghana , Shrinivasan Anandh
Published: November 2021

Background: Menarche is an important milestone in women’s life usually occurring between
12-14 years of age. It reflects the health status of the population as it marks as the beginning of sexual maturation. The adolescent girls usually undergo menarche unprepared and they lack the knowledge of menstruation and also practice poor hygiene. Poor hygiene and inadequate self-care practices have major determinants of morbidities and other complications. Therefore, it is important to spread awareness of menstruation and its proper hygiene practices.
Materials and Methods: A community-based survey was conducted among 84 school girls of Karad. Data was collected using a questionnaire including the demographic information of each participant. The duration of study was 6 months.
Results: The study revealed that the mean age of menarche was 11.05 years. Out of total participants, 44.05% girls had poor knowledge of menstruation and 35.71% girls had poor hygienic practices during menstruation.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a prevalence of early menarche and it is associated with various factors. The adolescent girls should be made aware about menstruation and its hygiene at an early age. The girls who attained menarche early had a poor knowledge than that of the girls who attained menarche at a normal age.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Staff Nurses on Infection Control Protocol in NICU Suitable for Peripheral Newborn Clinic at Selected Hospital of Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Tiwari Jyoti , Linson C. C.
Published: November 2021

Newborn care is one of the vital sectors to be looked into in order to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. Infection is great area of concern, especially for the newborn babies, we are losing many babies, because of sepsis in resources limited setting, while it is difficult to treat neonatal sepsis, it is rather easier to prevent infections. Recommendations for prevention for infection, with special references to the rural Indian scenario. The approaches towards the prevention of neonatal sepsis are multi-disciplinary. Comprising of neonatologist, hospital administration, nursing staff, and engineers. Thus making implementation easy, if the equipment and other consumable are manufactured indigenously bulk, and in a large quantities, thus reducing the financial burden on the hospital and the health care cost of the country. The present study was to evaluate the knowledge of staff nurses on infection control protocol. Total sample size consumed of 100 staff nurses and convenience sampling was used area in Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected using a self – structured question are purposive sampling. Regarding demographic variables majority highest number of respondents was in the educational qualification staff nurses. Majority of the respondent (49 %) had experiences in SNCU. It was found that self-instructional module was very effective in improving the knowledge of staff nurses of regarding infection control protocol in NICU.
Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Medication Safety, Physicians Perception, and Practice
Authors: Alhusayni Khaled , Dighriri Ibrahim , Althomali Abdullah , Alkhammash Abdulaziz , Alharthi Faisal , Alharthi Adel , Alotaibi Theaar , Alzahrani Saeed , Hommadi Abdulrahman , Rajab Fahad , Alfaifi Majed , Mobarki Ibrahim , Alrubaiei Sultan , Alqahtani Rasha , Howimel Shaden Bin
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Patients admitted to the hospital will receive various drugs, each carrying the risk of error. Medication errors concern our healthcare system, especially considering the relatively high number of patients admitted to hospitals. Assuming that each patient receives at least two medications twice a day, the likelihood of a medication error is considerable. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) focuses on measuring blood medication levels and plays a crucial role in medication safety.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of TDM in ensuring the safety of medications in many Taif hospitals. Also, to enhance the safety and quality of drug use and reflect physician perception and practice regarding TDM.

Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study consisting of questionnaires was conducted to physicians at many of Taif's governmental hospitals between March and May 2021. Questionnaires evaluated three parts: physician demographics, physician perception about TDM, and physician practices regarding TDM. The collected data were processed using the Excel program.

Results: More than 80% of the interviewed physicians agreed that TDM is a tool that can guide the clinician to provide effective and safe drug therapy in the individual patient. Approximately 77% agreed that TDM is a team of decision-making groups. Around 25% of physicians performed TDM weekly, 22% monthly, and 10% daily. The medications that participating physicians ordered TDM were digoxin (30%), carbamazepine (21%), and gentamycin (17%). The participants had a limited understanding of the advantages of TDM in terms of drug safety and welfare.

Conclusion: The number of actual drug errors occurs in the healthcare systems. Therefore, must establishment of TDM in hospitals. Medical administration and physicians must cooperate with the clinical pharmacist. Also, establish workshops for health practitioners to educate them about the role of TDM and pharmacokinetic laboratories in controlling the therapeutic process.
Equivalent Method Development and Cross Validation of Pharmacopoeial Method of Montelukast Sodium
Authors: Vaishali . , Ranjan Swain Sudhanshu , Verma Santosh Kumar
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this exploration research work article is to develop equivalent method and evaluate its equivalency (Cross validation) against pharmacopoeial method of Montelukast sodium for the evaluation and assessment of process related impurities i.e. Methyl MLK impurity in Montelukast sodium by HPLC method and its principles. The method mentioned in European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) does not sufficiently separates impurity C and impurity D , as these impurities elutes under the main peak and the pharmacopoeial methods were also not able to detect the Methyl MLK impurity which is not listed in USP monograph. So our prime design of experiment is to develop of new high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method which eliminates the drawback of two pharmacopoeial methods and this proposed created strategy is fit for recognition and detection of Methyl MLK impurity and separation of all process related impurities of Montelukast sodium mentioned in EP and USP monographs. An efficient strategy screening and scouting in which various C-18 columns were tried and tested. LUNA C-18 column utilized in RP HPLC mode ended up being the phenomenal decision for the technique streamlining. The proportion of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and in the mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate and diluents were considered as basic strategy boundary. The method developed equivalency was checked in terms of Specificity, LOD, Quantitation (LOQ), Precision, Linearity, Relative response factor (RRF), and Accuracy.