bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Set of Criteria for Analysing Trainee Answers in Expert Control Systems and Assessment of Knowledge
Authors: Golovachyova Viktoriya N. , Tomilova Nadezhda I. , Abildaeva Gulnur B.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of objective knowledge assessment using expert automated systems for monitoring and evaluating knowledge. The relevance of this study is determined by qualitatively improving the monitoring and evaluation of knowledge using a testing method. The purpose of the work was to develop a set of criteria for analysing a test response along with an objective approach to their assessment.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the system analysis and B. Bloom’s method tracking learning outcomes, as well as the method widely used in the study of the quality of studies on the assessment of educational achievement of students: Program for International Student Assessment. In order to study the problem, 102 teachers and 357 students of two universities – Karaganda State Technical University and Karaganda State University named after E.A. Buketov – in Karaganda, Kazakhstan were interviewed and their responses observed.
Results. The results of the work are of interest to the scientific and pedagogical community, as well as practicing teachers. The article proposes a new approach to constructing a test question to allow a response in a freely-constructed form. Such an answer can be analysed by a set of criteria for its formation based on the developed algorithms for a criterial assessment of their quality. This makes it possible to apply the obtained results to solve the scientific problem of objective k nowledge assessment using testing.
Discussion and Conclusion. The completed study has expanded the representation of the possibilities of using the expert systems for monitoring and evaluating knowledge and increasing the objectivity of knowledge acquired during learning processes. The received results represent the practical importance for teachers involved in the development of expert control systems and assessment of knowledge. The prospect of further study consists in improving the testing method by expanding the set of criteria for assessing knowledge.
Estonians on the Vasilyevsky Island Of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Tambi Sergei A.
Published: September 2019

The subject of the article is the analyzes of the life of Estonians, who came from the Estland and Lifland provinces in the eastern direction to the Vasilyevsky Island of St. Petersburg, the birthplace of the Estonian community of the city. The object of the study is the the life of Estonian immigrants who came to this place in search of a better life for themselves and their descendants. The aim of the study is to reveal Lutheran parishes of the Vasilyevsky Island, attended by the Estonians; describe the founding and work of local Estonian organizations, as well as cultural and educational institutions. The author tells about the events held by the Estonians living on the Vasilyevsky Island; Estonian shops and educational institutions. Practical significance of the paper lies in the fact that the it reveals the specific features of the cultural life and traditions of the local Estonian community of the Vasilyevsky Island of St. Petersburg. The author also tells about the famous Estonians who were born, worked, lived or served on the Vasilyevsky Island, and their contribution to the development of science and culture of St. Petersburg, Russia and Estonia.
The main methods used in the study are the generalization, the system approach, the historical-descriptive method, the analysis of the documents, and empirical description. Numerous articles from Estonian newspapers and magazines have been used to reconstruct the features of the life of the Estonians on the Vasilyevsky Island.
The author shows how Estonian community of St. Petersburg emerged and developed on the Vasilyevsky Island. It showed Estonian organizations of the island, as well as cultural and academic staff of Estonian origin, whose life was closely connected with the Vasilyevsky Island. Living on the island, the Estonians represented a united and unique community inhabiting the Vasilyevsky Island. At the same time, their community was not isolated and it established a wide network with the Estonians in other districts of St. Petersburg. Due to natural assimilation and migration, the Estonians are represented on the Vasilyevsky Island in a rather poor number at the present time.
The Estonians lived on the Vasilyevsky Island made the significant contribution to the development of culture and science of St. Petersburg, as a multinational city, hosting Russians, Ingrian Finns, Tatars and the representatives of other nations since its construction. The phenomenon of the Estonians of the Vasilyevsky Island is unique and interesting for further research.
Library science in the Komi region in the second half of XIX – early XX Centuries and its impact on public consciousness
Authors: Gagieva Anna K.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The aim of this work is to examine librarianship in the Komi region, and its influence on the formation of public consciousness in the second half of XIX—early XX centuries. Currently, the history of libraries is considered in general and special papers. However, a number of questions remained outside the scope of researchers, namely the data on the history of librarianship in Komi region in the context of studying issues related to the impact of the development of librarianship on social consciousness
Materials and Methods. To achieve the goal, the author used both unpublished historical sources, and published works. Archival documents are known to specialists, who studies the history of culture of the Komi people, as well as the history of Orthodoxy. However, for the first time they are considered from the perspective of the formation and development of civil society in the region.
Results and Discussion. In the second half of XIX-early XX centuries in the region there were private, social, clerical, monastic libraries and libraries of educational institutions. Replenishment of the latter was at the expense of the Ministry of Public Education and donations, and of the clerical and monastic libraries through the Vologda spiritual Consistory, the Synod and the Ministry of Public Education. Private libraries were replenished independently, at the expense of personal funds. All of them allowed the population to meet cultural needs and interests, to build communication, as well as to form independent judgments. With the help of volunteers, the libraries carried out cultural and religious functions, educated the population of the region. All this led to the transformation of forms of social consciousness, which was an indicator of the development of civil society. The transformation of social identity has led to the development of civil society and the revitalization of its activities.
Conclusion. The creation of a wide network of libraries contributed, to a certain extent, to the destruction of the cultural isolation of the Komi region and its inclusion in the intercultural communication of Imperial Russia.
Characteristics of heat ceramics of Mordovian territory: on the example of the collection of Mordovian republican S. D. Erzia Fine Art Museum
Authors: Barmenkov Andrey S.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The article is devoted to the description of pottery ceramics on Mordovian territory. The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of ceramics in Mordovian region. The object of the article is a collection of ceramics of Mordovian republican S.D. Erzia Fine Art Museum, the subject – the main features of the ceramics based on the morphological analysis of its exhibits.
Materials and Methods. The material of the study was the results of the research of Russian scholars on ceramics of antiquity and modernity, as well as empirical materials presented by the ceramics funds of Mordovian republican S.D. Erzia Fine Art Museum. One of the main approaches implemented in the article is a comparative analysis of the exhibits based on the color of the shard. It allows the author to systematize utensils according to their functional purpose, and also to make an assumption about the various historical stages of the emergence of different types.
Results and Discussion. The article systematizes the variety of forms of ceramics, reveals their quantitative relationships, the prevailing forms, and gives the comparative analysis of the existing forms. The classification of vessels was carried out in accordance with a number of criteria: the height and thickness of the neck, the design of the corolla cut, the diameter of the mouth and the maximum extension of the trunk, which allows one to draw conclusions about the similarity of the collection’s exhibits with other Mordоvian artefacts.
Conclusion. It concludes about the existence of a certain standard in the production of ceramic dishes, and on the similarity of the studied ceramics and the collections of Russian monuments. Therefore, it states the preservation of local Mordovian pottery traditions in the course of wide interactions with Russian pottery ceramics.
Imaginarios de modernización latinoamericanos: Glorificación tecnológica, utopía e invención en las artes visuales y la literatura de vanguardia
Authors: Adler Jazmín
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo analiza la construcción de los imaginarios de modernización latinoamericanos configurados en torno a los desarrollos técnicos advenidos a principios del siglo XX, así como el modo en que cierta glorificación tecnológica impactó en las artes visuales y la literatura de vanguardia. Luego de rastrear la atracción ejercida por la técnica en algunos movimientos de vanguardia europeos, el trabajo sostiene que, en nuestra región, diversas obras cuestionaron la exaltación acrítica de la máquina y propusieron, en cambio, lenguajes vernáculos basados en las nociones de utopía e invención. El artículo concluye que glorificación técnica, utopía e invención son conceptos que no solo permiten articular las diferentes concepciones poéticas, políticas y tecno-científicas que poco a poco fueron gestándose en la escena local, sino que también posibilitan tender puentes entre las obras de las primeras vanguardias y las emergencias del arte contemporáneo.
Colores, palabras, sonidos, espacio, tiempo: en busca de la "obra de arte total"
Authors: Fariña Busto María José
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se trata de dar una visión del concepto de “obra de arte total” desde el punto de vista de ciertos artistas e historiadores que desarrollaron sus obras e ideas entre finales del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX, y, todo ello, a partir de las concepciones que sobre el arte y las diversas artes tenían algunos de ellos, estableciendo la relación entre la materia y los materiales a partir de los cuales se materializa la obra en cada una de ellas.
Escenas de lectura. La lectura como interrupción
Authors: Garayalde Nicolás
Published: September 2019

En este ensayo nos proponemos indagar la figura de la interrupción de la lectura con el objetivo de ofrecer una definición de la lectura como interrupción. Evocada en diversas ocasiones por diferentes críticos, representada numerosas veces en la historia de la pintura, la figura de la interrupción de la lectura aparece retratada también en la literatura donde creemos posible encontrar elementos para considerar la lectura como interrupción. Para ello, nos detendremos en lo que llamaremos tres escenas de lectura(Proust, Saer, Cortázar) interrogando allí lo que remite a la interrupción, a las fronteras entre la vida y la literatura, entre el texto y el lector, entre la realidad y la ficción, buscando ofrecer una posible definición de la lectura.
Impending Danger: The Meaning of Danger as a Legal Requirement for Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment in the Norwegian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Mindestrømmen Martin
Published: September 2019

A proposal for the revision of the rule regulating involuntary psychiatric treatment of criminally insane offenders has been accepted by the Norwegian parliament. As a result, greater emphasis will be placed on the requirement of ‘danger’ in future decisions on whether criminally insane offenders shall be subjected to sanctions. This paper gives an overview of the rule in question and makes a preliminary analysis of the legal contents of the danger requirement. Possible problem-areas that have not been addressed in the proposal for revision are identified. The need for future research is explained.
Surface charge decay patterns of insulating polymers based on potential-mapping method
Authors: Li Tian-hao , Gao Feng-kai , Shang Hai-kun
Published: September 2019

The accumulation of surface charge on insulators can lead to electric field distortion. Therefore, measurement of the surface potential decay tendency has proven to be a practical technique for evaluation of the charge dissipation characteristics of dielectrics after corona polarization. The traditional method for evaluation of the surface charge dissipation behavior is based on using a stable suspended electrostatic probe. However, this method was found to be inadequate for analysis of the surface charge transport mechanism because the electrostatic probe was focused only on one point on the sample surface. Therefore, a scanning and mapping technique has been applied in the surface potential measurement that uses a movable electrostatic probe. This technique enables measurement of the complete surface charge distribution profile of the cellular electrets and provides a potential-mapping graph that reflects the exact surface charge distribution and decay tendency of the functional dielectric after discharge. This work describes the phenomenon of the surface charge diffusion pattern based on the mapping of the dynamic surface potential profile from a scanning and mapping graph. This method could be developed into an efficient tool for evaluation of surface charge dissipation on insulating polymers used in high-voltage apparatuses and energy-storage devices.
Physical and mechanical properties of pervious concrete with multi-admixtures
Authors: Liu Ruyan , Chi Yin , Jiang Qinghui , Meng Xiaoyu , Wu Kun , Li Shengjia
Published: September 2019

Pervious concrete has been widely used in parking lots and other lightweight streets. This paper investigates the mechanical strength, porosity and permeability of pervious concrete modified with fly ash, silica fume and basalt fibre. Based on the orthogonal design method, a mixture proportion of pervious concrete was obtained with a compressive strength greater than 40 MPa. In addition, three types of failure mode were observed in 28 d compressive strength tests. The addition of basalt fibre can increase the flexural strength and toughness of pervious concrete. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope tests were conducted to investigate the mineral composition, microstructural evolution and micro-mechanism of strength improvement. The test results indicate that the formation of cementitious compounds can lead to densification of the microstructure of the specimens, which primarily improves the mechanical strength of pervious concrete. This modified pervious concrete with high compressive strength (greater than 40 MPa) and flexural strength (up to 5 MPa) can be applied in most municipal projects.
Modelos microfinancieros latinoamericanos: una experiencia para la inclusión social y el desarrollo
Authors: Perossa Mario Luis , Gigler Santiago
Published: September 2019

Introducción: en Latinoamérica, las instituciones microfinancieras han sido las encargadas de apalancar mediante pequeños préstamos a millones de individuos para financiar el capital de trabajo y la inversión de pequeñas máquinas. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar los resultados que las microfinanzas arrojan en la mejoría de los indicadores de pobreza y en el crecimiento de la economía. Metodología: para el análisis cuantitativo, se utilizaron los datos de pobreza, crecimiento de los países medidos según su pbi, la tasa de ahorro, el crecimiento de empresas, entre otros indicadores de países de América Latina, los cuales fueron correlacionados entre sí para buscar las variables que podrían ser motoras o explicativas de la disminución de los índices de pobreza. Resultados: luego del análisis de correlación entre las distintas variables, se halló una relación fuerte entre el aumento de los montos promedios otorgados y la disminución de las tasas de pobreza; pudo probarse la profundización del mercado microcrediticio y su relación con la pobreza en los países analizados. Conclusiones: las microfinanzas se convirtieron en una herramienta poderosa de lucha contra la pobreza en los países que las practicaron, respetando la dignidad humana de aquellas personas que sufren de exclusión económica y social.
The Impact of Experiential Learning Method and Vocabolary Mastery Toward Indonesiaon Students' Reading Comprehension Though Animation Video
Authors: SYAFRİZAL Syafrizal , MASRUPİ Masrupi , MAULUDAH İstiqomatul
Published: September 2019

The
aim of the research is to know
the influenced of using experiential learning and animation video as a method
toward students’ reading comprehension and vocabulary mastery. The researcher used quantitative experiment used survey Technic. The instrument using test validity and realibility. The respondents of
the research is all of students grade 7th in Al Inayah Islamic
Junior High School at Cilegon city they are 86 students in Stratefied Random
Sampling. Reading comprehension is
an intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during and
after a person reads a particular piece of writing. Therefore vocabulary
mastery is not only knowing the words and its meanings, but also knowing about
how the words sound and how the words are used in the context. It is that
knowing a word by sight and sound and knowing its dictionary definition are not
the same as knowing how to use the word correctly and understanding it when it
is heard or seen in various contexts. This research combaining the method and
media toward reading comprehension and vocabulary mastery. There are
experiential learning method and animation video as media.Based
on the results of data processing using SPSS 17.0, obtained the value of t
count for experiential learning method (X1) of 1.416 and the value of sig.
0.001. And t table is T (α / 2; n-k-1) = T (0.05 / 2; 21-2-1) = T (0.025; 19) =
0.475. Because the value of t count (0.475) is larger t table (1.416), then H0
is rejected and H1 is accepted. 
Therefore  the value of t count
for animation video (X3) of 1.078 and the value of sig. 0.000. And t table is T
(α / 2; n-k-1) = T (0.05 / 2; 21-2-1) = T (0.025; 19) = 0.475. Because the
value of t count (0.475) is larger t table (1.078) Therefore  the value of t count for vocabulary mastery
(X2) of 1.161 and the value of sig. 0.000. And t table is T (α / 2; n-k-1) = T
(0.05 / 2; 21-2-1) = T (0.025; 19) = 0.475. Because the value of t count
(0.475) is larger t table (1.161), so it can be conclude  that there is significant influence of
experiential learning method and animation video toward  students’ 
reading comprehension and students’ vocabulary mastery.
Developing of Experimental Competence of Laos pupils in Secondary School Science Classroom
Authors: Nguyen Van Bien , VYLAYCHİT Xayparseut , NGUYEN Anh Thuan
Published: September 2019

How to help
teachers to design teaching plan for raising student’s competency at secondary
school in Laos is now of great concern. On the other hand, teachers teach
sciences almost by lecturing theory only. They rarely explain the problems based
on actual phenomena that occur in pupils’ daily life nor do experiment during
the class. Thus, one of the vital concerns for Lao’s science education is that
the summative and formative assessment for science learning are both only
focused on evaluating the pupils’ knowledge. 
To improve the quality of learning and pave a  new way 
for teaching by doing physics experiment, we developed a practical
science course“Heat and temperature”
with hands on  activities and realistic
application. For measuring experimental competence, the framework for practical
assessment from Etkina 2002and Metzger 2012 was adapted and used(E.
Etkina, Van Heuvelen, Brookes, & Mills, 2002)(Metzger,
Gut, Hild, & Tardent, 2014).
In this paper, we describe the process and experiences of how to develop the
course with comprehensive worksheets and hands on equipment. We also interpret
the way to gather evidence of experimental competence during the course. After
that, we present some initial results of the development of pupils’ competence
during the course.
Rasch Analysis of Multitier Open-ended Light-Wave Instrument (MOLWI): Developing and Assessing Second-Years Sundanese-Scholars Alternative Conceptions
Authors: AMİNUDİN Adam Hadiana , KANİAWATİ İda , SUHENDİ Endi , SAMSUDİN Achmad , COŞTU Bayram , ADİMAYUDA Rizal
Published: September 2019

The research aims to develop and to assess alternative conceptions of second year’s Sundanese scholars on light wave with Multitier Open-ended Light Wave Instrument (MOLWI). The research method has been utilized by the 3D+1I model (Defining, Designing, Developing and Implementing). Participants who involved in this research are 26 of second year’s scholars (11 male students, namely “Ujang” and 15 female students, namely “Eneng”, the average age of them are about 17 years of Sundanese-tribe). The MOLWI consist of 15 questions which has been already analysed by Rasch analysis. Students' conceptions have ever been categorized regarding to the six categories, that are; Sound Understanding (SU), Partial Positive (PP), Partial Negative (PN), Misconception (MC), No Understanding (NU), and No Coding (NC). The research results show that the PN category has the highest percentage about 86 percent in the number six. The lowest category is the NC category about four percent in the number of 3, 5, 7 and 13. While Rasch analysis explains the Sundanese-scholars only answer confidently on easy questions and not misconceptions.
Development of "Child Friendly ICT" Textbooks to Improve Professional Competence of Teacher Candidates : A Case Study of Early Childhood Education Program Students
Authors: SUMARNİ Sri , RAMADHANİ Rahmi , SAZAKİ Yoppy , ASTİKA Ruri Tria , ANDİKA Windi Dwi , PRASETİYO Andika Eko
Published: September 2019

The purpose of
this study is to develop textbooks on child-friendly of Information, Communication, & Technology (ICT) that are
valid, practical and effective in improving the professional competence of
teacher education students (PG) PAUD Sriwijaya University. This study uses the
Research and Development model with the type of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) which
consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, develop, implementation, and
evaluation. The sample in this study was Sriwijaya University PAUD teacher
education study program students. In the implementation phase, field trials
were carried out as a result of the development of child-friendly ICT-based
teaching books with a sample of 42 people consisting of 12 samples for the
small group test and 30 samples for the large group test. The data obtained in
this study were analyzed using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
Qualitative data analysis was obtained from questionnaires and quantitative data
obtained from the results of the pre-test and post-test at the implementation
stage. Based on the results of the calculation of the data, it was obtained
that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, so that the inferior
statistical test used the Independent Sample T-Test with a significance value
of 0.05. Based on the test results of data analysis, it was found that the
"child-friendly ICT" textbook that had been developed was valid,
practical and effective. The results obtained prove that child-friendly ICT
textbooks contribute to improving the professional competence of students. Child-friendly
ICT textbooks not only provide new understanding and knowledge of ICT use in
child-friendly learning, but also enhance the skills of prospective teachers in
using ICT-based teaching materials.
Urgency Education Morals of Sufism in Millennial Era
Authors: GANİ A
Published: September 2019

Sufism is morally defined as a character and attitude builder which
satisfies the intellectual requirement through its philosophical approach. This
act is practiced by every Muslim irrespective of their social status and
region. However, there is a significant relevance with its use in the new
millennial era, as it gives peace of mind and sharia discipline concurrently.
The qualitative descriptive approach was utilized in this study, with data
obtained from the library. The result show that Sufism moral education is
urgently required, as it controls humans toward the right path, thereby,
avoiding moral decadence, spiritual anomaly and suprematism of morality.
Currently, reinterpretation and recontextualization of Sufism's spiritual
valuesare needed to adequately face the challenges , in order to build a ritual
and righteous social personality.
Critical Thinking Patterns of First-Year Students in Argumentative Essay
Authors: MARNİ Silvia , - Suyono , - Roekhan , HARSİATİ Titik
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to find
out the critical thinking patterns of students in the argumentative essay, explain
and explore students’ arguments that contain critical elements. This study used
the content analysis method. Data was obtained from argumentative essays
written by first-year students of Brawijaya University who took Indonesian
Language courses. The total of data was 90 posts. Data collection was done by
assignments and interviews. Data was analyzed using data analysis procedures
from Cresswel. Three critical thinking patterns were found in the student's
essay, namely pattern I (Inference-Evaluation), and pattern II
(Analysis-Evaluation), pattern III (Interpretation-Evaluation). In pattern two,
there were four pattern variations while there was only one pattern in patterns
I and III. The results of this study indicated that students' critical thinking
patterns were oriented towards analytic thinking, namely analyzing various
phenomena by revealing evidence and reasons to draw logical conclusions. The
pattern found can be used as a reference for writing lecturers in developing
students' critical thinking skills in higher educationThis study aimed to find
out the critical thinking patterns of students in the argumentative essay, explain
and explore students’ arguments that contain critical elements. This study used
the content analysis method. Data was obtained from argumentative essays
written by first-year students of Brawijaya University who took Indonesian
Language courses. The total of data was 90 posts. Data collection was done by
assignments and interviews. Data was analyzed using data analysis procedures
from Cresswel. Three critical thinking patterns were found in the student's
essay, namely pattern I (Inference-Evaluation), and pattern II
(Analysis-Evaluation), pattern III (Interpretation-Evaluation). In pattern two,
there were four pattern variations while there was only one pattern in patterns
I and III. The results of this study indicated that students' critical thinking
patterns were oriented towards analytic thinking, namely analyzing various
phenomena by revealing evidence and reasons to draw logical conclusions. The
pattern found can be used as a reference for writing lecturers in developing
students' critical thinking skills in higher education
Development of Android-Based Interactive Physics Mobile Learning Media (IPMLM) with Scaffolding Learning Approach to Improve HOTS of high school students in Indonesia
Authors: DASİLVA Beatrix Elvi , ARDİYATİ Tiara Kusuma , SUPARNO Suparno , SUKARDİYONO Sukardiyono , EVELİNE Erlin , UTAMİ Tri , FERTY Zera Nadiah
Published: September 2019

The objectives of this study are to: a) Produce an Android-based Interactive Physics Mobile Learning Media
(IPMLM) that is eligible for improving Higher-order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of high school
students; b) Determine the effectiveness of the use of Android-based
interactive physics mobile learning media with a scaffolding learning approach
in improving Higher-order Thinking Skills (HOTS) for high school students. The
development procedure in this study was modified from the 4D development model
(defining, designing, developing, disseminating). The research subjects were
1070 high school students in five regencies/cities, they are Sleman Regency,
Bengkulu City, Pontianak City, Kupang City, and Bima City. In each city was
chosen four schools for extensive trial and limited trial. The products
developed were Interactive Physics Mobile Learning Media (IPMLM) applications, lesson plan, student worksheets,
higher-order thinking skills test instruments in the form of reasonable
multiple-choice questions, student questionnaire responses towards media and
learning activities as well as validation sheets and product eligibility. The
technique of analyzing the data of empirical test questions used item response
theory analysis by looking at the compatibility of items with the model based
on the INFIT MNSQ (infit mean square) value. Extensive test data were analyzed
with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Inferential statistics
were performed using the ANAVA mixed design test with a significance level of α
= 0.05. The results show that a) Android-based interactive physics mobile
learning media applications and learning devices are appropriate to be used to
improve higher-order thinking skills; b) the use of android-based interactive
physics mobile learning media (IPMLM) with an effective scaffolding learning
approach in improving higher-order thinking skills. The effective contribution
of the experimental group in increasing the ability of HOTS is 84.80%. The effective contribution
of the control group that uses learning tools with the direct learning assisted by Physics textbooks
in increasing HOTS ability is 55.50%.
Stable isotopes in avian research: a step by step protocol to feather sample preparation for stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and hydrogen (δ2H). Version 1.1 v1
Authors: Chew Brian , Kelly Jeff , Contina Andrea
Published: September 2019

Summary Using a 2:1 chloroform methanol solution and Versatm detergent diluted with deionized water we cleaned feather samples of oil/debris for stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and hydrogen (δ2H). Prepared samples were then measured, cut, and packaged in tin or silver capsules for analysis of carbon(δ13C) and nitrogen(δ15N) or hydrogen(δ2H), respectively. We aim to standardize the laboratory procedure across institutions and research groups focused on avian ecology and conservation and to improve result accuracy and reproducibility. Background Stable isotope analysis of relatively abundant elements such as carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and hydrogen (δ2H) have been widely implemented, particularly over the past two decades, in ecology, conservation, and forensic studies (Vander Zanden et al. 2018.). For example, stable isotope analyses of biological tissues can reveal useful information on diet, trophic level interactions, and large scale animal movements (Bridge et al. 2011; Contina et al. 2013; Zenzal et al. 2018). However, laboratory sample preparation for stable isotope studies requires a standardized protocol to ensure accuracy and repeatability of the results (Paritte and Kelly 2009). Corresponding author: andrea.contina@ucdenver.edu Useful references: Zenzal T.J. et al. 2018. Temporal migration patterns between natal locations of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) and their Gulf Coast stopover site. Movement ecology, 6(1), p.2. Vander Zanden et al. 2018. Application of isoscapes to determine geographic origin of terrestrial wildlife for conservation and management. Biological conservation, 228, pp.268-280. Contina et al. 2013. Using geologgers to investigate bimodal isotope patterns in Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris). The Auk, 130(2), pp.265-272. Bridge et al. 2011. Causes of bimodal stable isotope signatures in the feathers of a molt-migrant songbird. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 89(10), pp.951-959. Paritte and Kelly 2009. Effect of cleaning regime on stable-isotope ratios of feathers in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). The Auk, 126(1), pp.165-174.
An algorithm for estimating the effect of maintenance on aggregated covariates with application to railway switch point machines
Authors: Babishin Vladimir , Taghipour Sharareh
Published: September 2019

We propose an algorithm for estimating the effectiveness of maintenance on both age and health of a system. One of the main
contributions is the concept of virtual health of the device. It is assumed that failures follow a nonhomogeneous Poisson process
(NHPP) and covariates follow the proportional hazards model (PHM). In particular, the effect of maintenance on device’s age is
estimated using the Weibull hazard function, while the effect on device’s health and covariates associated with condition-based
monitoring (CBM) is estimated using the Cox hazard function. We show that the maintenance effect on the health indicator (HI)
and the virtual HI can be expressed in terms of the Kalman filter concepts. The HI is calculated from Mahalanobis distance between the current and the baseline condition monitoring data. The effect of maintenance on both age and health is also estimated.
The algorithm is applied to the case of railway point machines. Preventive and corrective types of maintenance are modelled as
different maintenance effect parameters. Using condition monitoring data, the HI is calculated as a scaled Mahalanobis distance.
We derive reliability and likelihood functions and find the least squares estimates (LSE) of all relevant parameters, maintenance
effect estimates on time and HI, as well as the remaining useful life (RUL).
The Impact of Brexit on EU Policies
Authors: De Ville Ferdi , Siles-Brügge Gabriel
Published: September 2019

While the result of the UK’s referendum on membership of the EU has been the subject of considerable scholarly interest, relatively little has been written on the impact of Brexit on the EU. Where academics have addressed the issue, they have tended to either see Brexit through the lens of European ‘(dis)integration’ theory or focused on its ‘static’ effects, assessing the impact of removing the UK from the EU’s policymaking machinery based on its past behaviour. This editorial sets out the overarching rationale of this thematic issue and introduces some key analytical elements drawn on by the individual contributions. Given that Brexit has so far not set in train major EU disintegration, the focus is on the detailed impact of the UK’s exit across specific policy areas and on problematising the notion that it necessarily implies a more socially progressive turn in EU policies. Our starting point is the fundamental uncertainty surrounding the future EU–UK relationship, and the process of arriving there. This points to the importance of focusing on the ‘dynamic’ impacts of Brexit, namely adjustment in the behaviour of EU actors, including in anticipation of Brexit, and the discursive struggle in the EU over how to frame Brexit. Policy change may also occur as a result of small, ‘iterative’ changes even where actors do not actively adjust their behaviour but simply interact in new ways in the UK’s absence. Several of the issue’s contributions also reflect on the UK’s role as a ‘pivotal outlier’. The editorial concludes by reflecting on how we analyse the unfolding Brexit process and on what broader insights this thematic issue might offer the study of EU politics.
Neurosurgery repressed: life and works of Max Skoblo
Authors: Lichterman B. L. , Kozovenko M. N.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to life and work of Max Skoblo (1899–1963), an outstanding professor of neurology, who was a director of the Institute for Surgical Neurology in Leningrad. A devoted communist, he was twice purged (in 1937 he was convicted to 10 years of imprisonment at concentration camps in Kolyma, and in 1949 he was sent to exile for 5 years to Siberia). In 1955 he was rehabilitated and restored his membership in the Communist Party in 1956.
Radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: experience of the Radiosurgery Center of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Tokarev A. S. , Sinkin M. V. , Rozhnova E. N. , Stepanov V. N. , Rak V. A.
Published: September 2019

The study objective is to evaluate early results of radiosurgical treatment (RST) of drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN) of various etiology.

Materials and methods. Between 01.01.2016 and 01.07.2018 at the Radiosurgery Center of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 14 patients with drug-resistant TN underwent RST. Per magnetic resonance imaging, prior to treatment 7 patients had neurovascular conflict, 2 had demyelination of the root of the trigeminal nerve due to multiple sclerosis, and 5 patients showed no pathologies of the brain. Irradiation of the cisternal portion of the trigeminal nerve at the distance of 7.5 mm from the entry into the brainstem with prescribed dose of 90 Gy was performed. Follow-up period was 8–20 months. The difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) at the affected and healthy sides was evaluated in patients with TN prior to RST to divide them into 2 groups: with significant FA decrease and with moderate FA decrease.

Results. All patients who underwent RST with PD >80 Gy (85.7 %) noted decreased level of pain or its full disappearance. In 11 (78.5 %) patients, anesthetic effect manifested itself 3–6 weeks after RST, in 1–3 months after RST. Full analgesic effect was achieved in a patient with idiopathic type II TN (PD 84 Gy) 3 months after RST, in a patient with neurovascular conflict and type I TN (PD 86 Gy) 6 weeks after RST, in a patient with multiple sclerosis and type I TN (PD 81 Gy) 3 weeks after RST. In the last-mentioned patient, pain returned 12 months after RST but with lower intensity. In 2 (14.3 %) patients (PD 80 Gy), no positive effect was observed in 6 months of follow up. Hypesthesia of a face area (RST complication) was diagnosed in only 1 (7.2 %) patient 8 months after RST, and it persisted for 6 weeks gradually regressing. There was no statistically significant correlation between FA decrease and RST outcome, but it was observed that outcome was more favorable in patients with moderately decreased FA.

Conclusion. RST of drug-resistant forms of TN with PD >80 Gy significantly reduces pain syndrome 3–6 weeks after treatment and is characterized by low risk of complications.
High resolution passive speech mapping in dominant hemisphere glioma surgery
Authors: Sinkin M. V. , Osadchiy A. E. , Lebedev M. A. , Volkova K. V. , Kondratova M. S. , Trifonov I. S. , Krylov V. V.
Published: September 2019

Background.Intraoperative brain mapping is one of the most critical stages of neurosurgical intervention in the eloquent area of the cerebral cortex. Traditionally direct cortical electrical stimulation is used for these purposes, but it can lead to seizures and loss of consciousness that makes it impossible to continue the procedure. Moreover, it significantly changes the surgery plan, especially in case of speech mapping during awake craniotomy.

The study objectiveis to create a setup for intraoperative eloquent cortical areas passive mapping, and to compare informativity and safety of passive and active speech mapping.

Materials and methods.We have created and tested a mobile device for high-resolution mapping of the Broca’s area that uses the analysis of the desynchronization processes in high-gamma oscillations in 64 micro-contact grid electrode for electrocorticography during awake craniotomy when patient pronounces the objects and actions.

Results.We found precise coincidence for localization of the Broca’s area, determined by analyzing of bioelectric signal obtained from the electrocorticography and cortical mapping performed by bipolar direct cortical stimulation using Penfield method.

Conclusion.The passive cortical speech mapping expands the potentialities of neurosurgical operations in the eloquent area of the brain and can increase the number of patients for whom this study is achievable. Further studies needed to evolve algorithms and sets of stimuli to expand the list of functional zones that can be mapped passively.
Primary germ cell tumors of the central nervous system
Authors: Martynov B. V. , Martynov R. S. , Svistov D. V.
Published: September 2019

The study objective is to describe current views on pathogenesis, molecular biology, diagnosis, treatment of primary germ cell tumors of the central nervous system, as well as treatment prognosis.

Materials and methods. The review includes 51 literature sources (4 in Russian, 47 in English). All articles were published in the last 20 years.

Results and conclusion. The review reflects both established principles and characteristics of the national protocol of treatment of germ cell tumors, treatment nuances determined by histological type of the tumor. The most effective treatment method for germ cell tumors are radiation and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For non-germinal germ cell tumors chemotherapy with subsequent complete removal is optimal. Total tumor resection by itself is the ideal treatment of mature teratomas. In the future, molecular and cytogenetic studies will allow to additionally identify subtypes of germ cell tumors of the central nervous system which will become the basis of new directions for therapy, improved treatment results and methods of prognosis.
THE ILLEGAL MIGRATION ON THE BORDER BETWEEN THE POLAND AND THE UKRAINIAN SSR BEFORE AND DURING THE HOLODOMOR OF 1932-1933
Authors: Humennyi S.
Published: September 2019

The author of the article tracks the cases of illegal migration of the peasants, churchmen and workers from the territory of the Ukrainian SSR to the Poland during the Holodomor of 1932–1933 with the analysis of historiography, scientific publications and archived materials stored in the archives of Ukraine and abroad. The reasons of the sharp increase of the number of attempts of illegal migration from the USSR through the western border are analyzed on the cases of illegal migration in conditions of strengthening protection regime of the state border and the resistance of peasantry of Shepetivka district, which was in the direct proximity of the neighboring state. The author focuses on the social committees, which connected active politically element of the Ukrainian national society Tarnopolsky (in particular, Borshchiv, Chortkiv and Skalat powiats) and Volyn voivodeships of the Poland to help the starving and the refugees from the territory of the USSR. The measures taken by the Ukrainian Public Committee of the Rescue of Ukraine to gather information on the economic, political and grocery situations of the population of the USRR are analyzed. The article introduces to the scientific circulation the samples of the documentation of public committees that were used to obtain information from illegal migrants and for the building of the evidence base on the issue of the artificial nature of the famine in the Ukrainian SRR. Separately considered the possibility of making funds for permission to exit of Soviet citizens, who were in kinship with the residents of the Republic of Poland, to prevent the deportation of illegal migrants to the USSR border.
THE ROLE OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE FORMATION OF THE US IDEOLOGY
Authors: Zahorodnia A.
Published: September 2019

This article addresses the role of Christianity in the formation of the US ideology, particularly its influence on the formation of the concept of American exceptionalism. Although the recent decades have witnessed the increasing attention of American and European scholars to the influence of Christianity on the history of the United States, the body of historical research, and especially the Ukrainian one, still lacks general comprehensive analyses of the role of Christianity in the formation of American ideology and political culture. The article pays a particular attention to the messianic ideas preached by the Puritan leaders in the early history of the New World. These ideas have deeply rooted in the political ideology of the U.S. and still have a strong influence on its development. The article covers the role of Christian rhetoric, which is widely used in the addresses to the nation, and proves its significant role in the shaping of public opinion. Special attention is also paid to the characterizing of Protestant ethic, which basic principles had an impact on the formation of the American value system and influenced the development of the most crucial features of American identity – deep individualism and entrepreneurial mindset.
SYMBOLS OF THE ORDER OF THE GARTER AS A MEANS OF REPRESENTATION OF THE JAMES VI & I AUTHORITY (based on the illustrative sources of the National Portrait Gallery)
Authors: Levchenko I. , Kukharuk U.
Published: September 2019

The electronic resource of the National Portrait Gallery has 199 images of James VI & I. We turn to the king’s lifetime portraits. Numerous James’s I images that contain the attributes of the knight’s ethos (lattice, horse, sword, honors of the Order of the Garter) make it possible to form the idea of the knight’s ideal transformation, to trace the influence of ethos on the royal etiquette and the diplomatic ceremony during the reign of James VI (1566-1620) & I (1603-1625). In addition to the popularization and maintenance of knight ideals, the Order of the Garter played an important role in shaping the notions of the "English nation". Reconstruction of the image on the basis of imaginative sources makes it possible to find out how the contemporaries perceived to the king. The morality and behavior of the king as the "father" of all the British (paterfamilias) was an exemplum, authority and set the frame for the whole society, because the royal court and the family were perceived as a model. Also the gender was important in the representing of the knight’s image. A conclusion is made about the sacredness of the symbolism of the Order as a means of dialogue between a person of a monarch and his subjects (people).
Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Uluslararası Göç Bağlamında İnsan Ticareti
Authors: Memişoğlu Fulya
Published: September 2019

Uluslararası boyutta insan ticareti, dünya
genelinde artan karma göç
hareketlerinin de etkisiyle 21. yüzyılın en önemli küresel sorunlarından biri haline gelmiştir. İnsan
ticaretiyle mücadele son yıllarda hükümetler, uluslararası kuruluşlar, sivil toplum
örgütleri ve medyanın yoğun ilgi gösterdiği bir alandır, ancak bu durum zaman zaman
kavramı teorik ve olgusal bulgularla anlamaya çalışan akademik tartışmaların önüne
geçmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı insan ticareti konusunda uluslararası ilişkiler
ve uluslararası göç literatürüne bağlantılı olarak süregelen başlıca kavramsal mevzular
ve teorik tartışmalara yer vermek; soruna yönelik etkin mücadele stratejileri geliştirmek
için öncelikle bu hususların göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini vurgulamaktır.
Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde insan ticareti, göçmen kaçakçılığı ve düzensiz göç
gibi temel kavramlar arasındaki bağlantı ele alınacaktır. İkinci bölümde ise insan
ticaretinin göç ve güvenlik olguları bağlamında kuramlaştırılmasına değinilecektir.
Çalışmanın son bölümünde Türkiye’de göç politikaları kapsamında gerçekleşen kurumsal
ve hukuki yapılandırma sürecinin insan ticaretiyle mücadelenin de mağdur odaklı
bir çerçevede geliştirilmesine katkısı değerlendirilecektir. 