bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthy lifestyle, endoscopic screening, and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the United States: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Wang Kai , Ma Wenjie , Wu Kana , Ogino Shuji , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Song Mingyang
Published: February 2021

Background

Healthy lifestyle and screening represent 2 major approaches to colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. It remains unknown whether the CRC-preventive benefit of healthy lifestyle differs by endoscopic screening status, and how the combination of healthy lifestyle with endoscopic screening can improve CRC prevention.

Methods and findings

We assessed lifestyle and endoscopic screening biennially among 75,873 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1988 to 2014) and 42,875 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1988 to 2014). We defined a healthy lifestyle score based on body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and diet. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and population-attributable risks (PARs) for CRC incidence and mortality in relation to healthy lifestyle score according to endoscopic screening. Participants’ mean age (standard deviation) at baseline was 54 (8) years. During a median of 26 years (2,827,088 person-years) follow-up, we documented 2,836 incident CRC cases and 1,013 CRC deaths. We found a similar association between healthy lifestyle score and lower CRC incidence among individuals with and without endoscopic screening, with the multivariable HR per one-unit increment of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.90) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.88), respectively (P-interaction = 0.99). The fraction of CRC cases that might be prevented (PAR) by endoscopic screening alone was 32% (95% CI, 31% to 33%) and increased to 61% (95% CI, 42% to 75%) when combined with healthy lifestyle (score = 5). The corresponding PAR (95% CI) increased from 15% (13% to 16%) to 51% (17% to 74%) for proximal colon cancer and from 47% (45% to 50%) to 75% (61% to 84%) for distal CRC. Results were similar for CRC mortality. A limitation of our study is that our study participants are all health professionals and predominantly whites, which may not be representative of the general population.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that healthy lifestyle is associated with lower CRC incidence and mortality independent of endoscopic screening. An integration of healthy lifestyle with endoscopic screening may substantially enhance prevention for CRC, particularly for proximal colon cancer, compared to endoscopic screening alone.
Regional anesthesia educational material utilization varies by World Bank income category: A mobile health application data study
Authors: Moll Vanessa , Mariano Edward R. , Kitzman Jamie M. , O'Reilly-Shah Vikas N. , Jabaley Craig S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Regional anesthesia offers an alternative to general anesthesia and may be advantageous in low resource environments. There is a paucity of data regarding the practice of regional anesthesia in low- and middle-income countries. Using access data from a free Android app with curated regional anesthesia learning modules, we aimed to estimate global interest in regional anesthesia and potential applications to clinical practice stratified by World Bank income level.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data collected from the free Android app “Anesthesiologist” from December 2015 to April 2020. The app performs basic anesthetic calculations and provides links to videos on performing 12 different nerve blocks. Users of the app were classified on the basis of whether or not they had accessed the links. Nerve blocks were also classified according to major use (surgical block, postoperative pain adjunct, rescue block).

Results

Practitioners in low- and middle-income countries accessed the app more frequently than in high-income countries as measured by clicks. Users from low- and middle-income countries focused mainly on surgical blocks: ankle, axillary, infraclavicular, interscalene, and supraclavicular blocks. In high-income countries, more users viewed postoperative pain blocks: adductor canal, popliteal, femoral, and transverse abdominis plane blocks. Utilization of the app was constant over time with a general decline with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

The use of an in app survey and analytics can help identify gaps and opportunities for regional anesthesia techniques and practices. This is especially impactful in limited-resource areas, such as lower-income environments and can lead to targeted educational initiatives.
Sustained functional benefits after a single set of injections with abobotulinumtoxinA using a 2-mL injection volume in adults with cervical dystonia: 12-week results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3b study
Authors: Patel Atul T. , Lew Mark F. , Dashtipour Khashayar , Isaacson Stuart , Hauser Robert A. , Ondo William , Maisonobe Pascal , Wietek Stefan , Rubin Bruce , Brashear Allison
Published: February 2021

Cervical dystonia (CD) is primarily treated with botulinum toxin, at intervals of ≥ 12 weeks. We present efficacy, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and safety in adults with CD at the last available visit after a single set of abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) injections versus placebo using 500 U in a 2-mL injection volume. In this 12-week, randomized, double-blind trial, patients were ≥ 18 years of age with primary idiopathic CD, had a Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) total score ≥ 20, and TWSTRS-Severity subscale score > 10 at baseline. Patients (N = 134) were randomized (2:1) to aboBoNT-A (n = 89) or placebo (n = 45), with aboBoNT-A patients treated with 500 units (U) if toxin-naïve, and 250 to 500 U based on previous onabotulinumtoxinA dose if non-naïve. Endpoints included total TWSTRS, Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-Pain; 24-hour), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, and other PROs for pain, depression, and global health. Results are for the intent-to-treat population, with “Week 12” (Wk12) comprising the last available post-baseline assessment (end-of-study or early withdrawal). Mean TWSTRS total scores improved from 42.5 at baseline to 35.4 at Wk12 with aboBoNT-A and 42.4 to 40.4 with placebo (treatment difference: –4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –8.5, –1.1; p = 0.011). At Wk12, mean (95% CI) change from baseline in NRS-Pain was –1.0 (–1.59, –0.45) for aboBoNT-A and –0.2 (–0.96, 0.65) for placebo. AboBoNT-A demonstrated numeric improvements in other PROs. More aboBoNT-A–treated patients than patients receiving placebo reported being at least “somewhat satisfied” with treatment (60.4% vs 42.2%, respectively), symptom relief (57.0% vs 40.0%), and time for treatment to work (55.8% vs 33.3%). No new adverse events were reported. Results indicate that in patients with CD, treatment with aboBoNT-A using a 2-mL injection provided sustained improvement in the TWSTRS total score and patient-perceived benefits up to 12 weeks.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identified: NCT01753310.
Graded exercise test with or without load carriage similarly measures maximal oxygen uptake in young males and females
Authors: Wang Zhenhuan , Atakan Muhammed M. , Yan Xu , Turnagöl Hüseyin H. , Duan Honglei , Peng Li
Published: February 2021

The aim of this was to compare the effects of the graded exercise test (GXT) with or without load carriage on maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) heart rate (HR), and expired ventilation (V˙E) and blood lactate in young healthy males and females. The study included ten females (age:20.2±0.7 yrs) and ten males (age:19.5±0.7 yrs) who performed the modified Bruce protocol at five load conditions; unloaded, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of body weight (BW) (kg). All the tests were performed in random order, at least 48 hours apart. During the GXTs, HR, V˙O2max, V˙E, workload and test duration were recorded and blood lactate concentration was measured before and immediately after the GXTs. V˙O2max remained unchanged during the GXTs in load and unloaded conditions for both sexes (p>0.05). Test duration was significantly less in females during the GXT with 15% BW (15.9±0.51 min vs. 18.1±1.14 min; p = 0.014) and 20% BW load carriage (15.2±0.75 min vs. 18.1±1.14 min; p = 0.020), compared to the unloaded GXT. Males showed significant decrease in the test duration during the GXT with load 15% BW (20.5±0.53 min vs. 22.8±0.61 min; p = 0.047) and with 20% BW (19.6±0.42 min vs. 22.8±0.71 min; p = 0.004), compared to the GXT with 5% BW. V˙E statistically decreased in female subjects only at 15% BW compared to 20% BW (15% BW = 77.9 ± 10.5 L/min vs. 15% BW = 72.0 ± 10.9 L/min; p = 0.045). There was no difference observed in maximal HR and blood lactate concentration between the GXTs in load and unloaded conditions. This study indicates that no matter the load % used during the GXT, V˙O2max, but not total exercise time, remains the same in young males and females.
Association between metabolically healthy obesity/overweight and cardiovascular disease risk: A representative cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Tzu-Lin , Hsu Hsin-Yin , Tsai Ming-Chieh , Hsu Le-Yin , Hwang Lee-Ching , Chien Kuo-Liong
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Taiwanese individuals.

Methods

Taiwanese individuals were recruited from a nationwide, representative community-based prospective cohort study and classified according to body mass index as follows: normal weight (18.5–23.9 kilogram (kg)/meter(m)2) and obesity/overweight (≥24 kg/m2). Participants without diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and who did not meet the metabolic syndrome without waist circumference criteria were considered metabolically healthy. The study end points were cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained from a Cox regression analysis.

Results

Among 5 358 subjects (mean [standard deviation] age, 44.5 [15.3] years; women, 48.2%), 1 479 were metabolically healthy with normal weight and 491 were metabolically healthy with obesity. The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity/overweight was 8.6% in the Taiwanese general population, which included individuals who were >20 years old, not pregnant, and did not have CVD (n = 5,719). In the median follow-up period of 13.7 years, 439 cardiovascular disease events occurred overall and 24 in the metabolically healthy obesity group. Compared with the reference group, the metabolically healthy obesity group had a significantly higher cardiovascular disease risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 2.99).

Conclusions

Individuals with metabolically healthy obesity have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and require aggressive body weight control for cardiovascular disease control.
One-spot synthesis of FeOOH/rGO composites by ferrous-ion-induced self-assembly of graphene oxides with different degrees of oxidation
Authors: Hu Yang , Yang Qingyang , Gu Yingyu
Published: February 2021

In this study, graphene oxide sheets with different oxidation degrees were reduced by ferrous ion for coating FeOOH nano particles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) matrix to synthesize FeOOH/rGO composites. The effect of the degree of oxidation on the morphology and chemical structure of FeOOH/rGO was studied using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The particle size of FeOOH crystallites was approximately 100 nm, and they were distributed uniformly on the surface and in the pores of FeOOH/rGO. FeOOH/rGO prepared with mildly oxidized graphite had fewer defects, higher specific surface area, and higher FeOOH content than FeOOH/rGO prepared with highly oxidized graphite. These features resulted in better electrochemical properties, such as larger specific capacitance and lower charge transfer resistance.
A lysine ring in HIV capsid pores coordinates IP6 to drive mature capsid assembly
Authors: Renner Nadine , Mallery Donna L. , Faysal K. M. Rifat , Peng Wang , Jacques David A. , Böcking Till , James Leo C.
Published: February 2021

The HIV capsid self-assembles a protective conical shell that simultaneously prevents host sensing whilst permitting the import of nucleotides to drive DNA synthesis. This is accomplished through the construction of dynamic, highly charged pores at the centre of each capsid multimer. The clustering of charges required for dNTP import is strongly destabilising and it is proposed that HIV uses the metabolite IP6 to coordinate the pore during assembly. Here we have investigated the role of inositol phosphates in coordinating a ring of positively charged lysine residues (K25) that forms at the base of the capsid pore. We show that whilst IP5, which can functionally replace IP6, engages an arginine ring (R18) at the top of the pore, the lysine ring simultaneously binds a second IP5 molecule. Dose dependent removal of K25 from the pore severely inhibits HIV infection and concomitantly prevents DNA synthesis. Cryo-tomography reveals that K25A virions have a severe assembly defect that inhibits the formation of mature capsid cones. Monitoring both the kinetics and morphology of capsids assembled in vitro reveals that while mutation K25A can still form tubes, the ability of IP6 to drive assembly of capsid cones has been lost. Finally, in single molecule TIRF microscopy experiments, capsid lattices in permeabilised K25 mutant virions are rapidly lost and cannot be stabilised by IP6. These results suggest that the coordination of IP6 by a second charged ring in mature hexamers drives the assembly of conical capsids capable of reverse transcription and infection.
Divergent features of the coenzyme Q:cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex in Toxoplasma gondii parasites
Authors: Hayward Jenni A. , Rajendran Esther , Zwahlen Soraya M. , Faou Pierre , van Dooren Giel G.
Published: February 2021

The mitochondrion is critical for the survival of apicomplexan parasites. Several major anti-parasitic drugs, such as atovaquone and endochin-like quinolones, act through inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain at the coenzyme Q:cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex (Complex III). Despite being an important drug target, the protein composition of Complex III of apicomplexan parasites has not been elucidated. Here, we undertake a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of Complex III in the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Along with canonical subunits that are conserved across eukaryotic evolution, we identify several novel or highly divergent Complex III components that are conserved within the apicomplexan lineage. We demonstrate that one such subunit, which we term TgQCR11, is critical for parasite proliferation, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and Complex III activity, and establish that loss of this protein leads to defects in Complex III integrity. We conclude that the protein composition of Complex III in apicomplexans differs from that of the mammalian hosts that these parasites infect.
A murine model of Lyme disease demonstrates that Borrelia burgdorferi colonizes the dura mater and induces inflammation in the central nervous system
Authors: Casselli Timothy , Divan Ali , Vomhof-DeKrey Emilie E. , Tourand Yvonne , Pecoraro Heidi L. , Brissette Catherine A.
Published: February 2021

Lyme disease, which is caused by infection withBorrelia burgdorferiand related species, can lead to inflammatory pathologies affecting the joints, heart, and nervous systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Inbred laboratory mice have been used to define the kinetics ofB.burgdorferiinfection and host immune responses in joints and heart, however similar studies are lacking in the CNS of these animals. A tractable animal model for investigating host-Borreliainteractions in the CNS is key to understanding the mechanisms of CNS pathogenesis. Therefore, we characterized the kinetics ofB.burgdorfericolonization and associated immune responses in the CNS of mice during early and subacute infection. Using fluorescence-immunohistochemistry, intravital microscopy, bacterial culture, and quantitative PCR, we foundB.burgdorferiroutinely colonized the dura mater of C3H mice, with peak spirochete burden at day 7 post-infection. Dura mater colonization was observed for several Lyme disease agents includingB.burgdorferi,B.garinii, andB.mayonii. RNA-sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR showed thatB.burgdorferiinfection was associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and a robust interferon (IFN) response in the dura mater. Histopathologic changes including leukocytic infiltrates and vascular changes were also observed in the meninges of infected animals. In contrast to the meninges, we did not detectB.burgdorferi, infiltrating leukocytes, or large-scale changes in cytokine profiles in the cerebral cortex or hippocampus during infection; however, both brain regions demonstrated similar changes in expression of IFN-stimulated genes as observed in peripheral tissues and meninges. Taken together,B.burgdorferiis capable of colonizing the meninges in laboratory mice, and induces localized inflammation similar to peripheral tissues. A sterile IFN response in the absence ofB.burgdorferior inflammatory cytokines is unique to the brain parenchyma, and provides insight into the potential mechanisms of CNS pathology associated with this important pathogen.
Áreas protegidas e gestão territorial: O caso da Serra da Lousã
Authors: Carvalho Paulo , Alves Luiz
Published: February 2021

A proteção, conservação e valorização do património natural, cultural e paisagístico configura um dos desígnios de maior relevo no contexto de estratégias e iniciativas internacionais, nacionais, regionais e locais para a gestão e o desenvolvimento sustentável dos territórios e das populações.
As áreas protegidas, enquanto eixo nuclear de crescente visibilidade desta temática, revelam uma enorme diversidade de paisagens e sistemas de gestão, refletem uma ampla variedade de estatutos de classificação e estão associadas a um conjunto significativo de valores e funções, com o propósito de conciliar os referidos interesses.
Partindo de uma revisão de literatura da especialidade, apresentam-se os resultados de uma investigação aplicada à Serra da Lousã, com o objetivo de fundamentar uma proposta de classificação e induzir um novo modelo de gestão de matriz intermunicipal para esta unidade de paisagem da Cordilheira Central que constitui, cada vez mais, uma referência com contributos inovadores para a afirmação da Região Centro e de Portugal no posicionamento estratégico nacional e internacional no setor do turismo.
Media Choice and the Polarization of Public Opinion About Covid-19 in Brazil
Authors: Batista Pereira Frederico , Nunes Felipe
Published: February 2021

Brazil is one of the countries most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, while rates of contagion and deaths increase over time, polls show that opinions about the pandemic become less concerned about the virus and less supportive of mitigation measures. According to observers, a key factor in this process is President Bolsonaro’s denialist stance. In this paper, we show that patterns of media choice help explain how Bolsonaro influences public opinion over time. Using three online surveys conducted at different stages of the pandemic, we show that the divergence in views about the pandemic is driven largely by Bolsonaro supporters who prefer to consume news online. The findings have implications not just for understanding the politicization of the pandemic in Brazil, but also for the relationship between populism and mass communications in the social media era.
An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Economic Structural Change on Income Inequality: Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel Approach
Authors: Elhini Maha , Hammam Rasha
Published: February 2021

This paper employs structural growth perspective to the analysis of income inequality in 43 countries over the period 2003-2017.The study utilizes two different panel estimation techniques. First, the panel least squares regression examines the relevance of Kuznets effect of the different economic sectors; agriculture, manufacturing and services on income inequality. Second, the pooled mean group (PMG) estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels gauges the long run impact of the change in sectoral value added as a proxy for structural change on inequality. PMG presents short run adjustments to be country-specific due to the widely different impacts of macroeconomic conditions and vulnerability of each country to income inequality. Empirical findings show that across all countries, sector growth had no to negligible impact on inequality indicating that no signs are evident of Kuznets effect. However, both inflation and unemployment have mixed impacts on inequality in Lower and Middle-Income countries. Results further reveal that unemployment has a relatively stronger influence on inequality than inflation for Upper-middle income countries, unlike in Lower-middle income countries, where unemployment shows a weaker correlation with inequality than inflation. Results for High-income countries show that the influence between inflation and unemployment are not as big as in Upper middle-income countries.
Non-Oil Sector and Economic Growth in Nigeria: The National Accounts Perspective
Authors: Ideh Abel Oghenevwoke , Okolo Ndu Marvis , Emengini Emeka Steve
Published: February 2021

This study examines the impact of expansion in non-oil sector on sustainable economic growth of Nigeria economy. The study sourced data from the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin covering the periods of 2000 – 2019. An economic growth model was formulated using the study variables and the model was estimated using vector auto-regression  (VAR) techniques, other diagnostic tests such as  Roots of Characteristic Polynomial for VAR model stability, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for time series stationarity, and granger causality tests were conducted to ensure the reliability of the model estimates. The analysis revealed that the estimated model is stable while the VAR and variance decomposition results shows that real gross domestic product is strongly endogenous in the short run but weakly endogenous in the long run. Further findings suggest that in the long run non-oil sector is strongly endogenous to real gross domestic product (92% contribution). The study, therefore, recommends diversification of the Nigerian economy by focusing more attention on agriculture, solid minerals, and service sectors as they tend to influence economic growth in the long run. More so, improved frameworks of accounting in areas of non-oil revenues are desirable for the accountancy profession.
Corporate Social Responsibility as Core Competence for the Business Model of Social Start-Ups in the Netherlands
Authors: Wevers Herman T. , Voinea Cosmina L.
Published: February 2021

Little is known about how social enterprises and social start-ups compete with the bigger players on the market. It could be reasoned that social start-ups gain an advantage by the deployment of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) elements from the early beginning as a part of their core competences. The aim of this paper is to investigate if CSR elements can be a core competence and how they can contribute to the robustness of the business models of social start-ups. Data was gathered by conducting a case study and interviewing four social entrepreneurs in the first half of 2017. The data was analyzed with the help of a framework built upon the CSR pyramid, the business case for CSR and the Canvas business model. The main findings show that the CSR elements economic, ethical and discretionary responsibilities can be a core competence for social start-ups. Moreover, CSR elements can play an important role in the design of social business models. Especially the deployment of interrelationships between the CSR elements seems to be effective in designing a robust  business model of a social start-up.
Evaluation of Financial Sustainability of the Federal Health Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Odewole Philip Olawale , Salawu Mary Kehinde , Salawu Rafiu Oyesola
Published: February 2021

The study investigated the financial sustainability of the federal health institutions in Nigeria.  The population of the study comprised twenty-five (25) federal health institutions from four (4) geo-political zones and Abuja.  Secondary data were sourced from Annual General Warrant from the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation and Audited Financial Statements of the Public Sector Entities. Data obtained were analyzed using Balanced Score Card techniques.  The results showed that none of the sampled federal  health institutions in Nigeria  attained a basic standard of sustainability test, whereby the ratios of their Internally Generated Revenue to recurrent expenditure is between (40 – 60)%  or 0.04 and 0.6.This indicates the inability of the institutions to generate sufficient revenue independently to cover even the operational expenses in the short-run.  Also, the results equally showed the highest positive operating surplus ratios of 1%-5% of operational sustainability indicating that the health institutions heavily depended on central authority’s funding for their survival. The results further revealed that none of the federal health institutions attained both intermediate and advance standards of sustainability tests. In conclusion, federal health institutions in Nigeria are heavily dependent on central authority for sustenance. Therefore, the central authorities should roll out blueprints that will make the institutions widen their internally generated revenue capacity and reduce the reliance on central authority’s funding for survival.
Peculiarities of The Economic Crimes Committed with the Use of Information Technologies
Authors: Cherniavskyi Serhii , Babanina Viktoria , Vartyletska Inna , Mykytchyk Oleksandr
Published: February 2021

The article looks into peculiarities of the economic crimes committed using information technologies. Different approaches to the concept of the economic crime are analyzed to reveal types of economic crimes, which can be committed with the use of information technologies. It is stated that mostly two types of economic crimes could be committed using information technologies – online fraud and forgery. Subjects and objects of a forgery committed with the use of information technologies are analyzed. Close attention is paid to the online fraud and its specific features. The classification of types of the Internet fraud is made. Some specific characteristics of certain types of the Internet fraud are given in the article. Such types of the Internet fraud as spam, carding, phishing, fraud in online games are described. The main method used in the investigation is the method of comparative analysis, which was used to reveal differences between traditional economic crimes and economic crimes committed with the use if information technologies. The general conclusion was made that economic crimes committed with help of information technologies have a number of differences compared to traditional ones. These differences determine the features of the investigation of such crimes. In particular, such features are manifested in the implementation of operational and investigative measures and investigative actions.
Legal Regulation of Agricultural Taxation
Authors: Kovalchuk Inna , Melnyk Victoria , Novak Tetiana , Pakhomova Anna
Published: February 2021

The tendencies of development and peculiarities of agribusiness enterprises activity are established within this research framework. Globalization and liberalization processes have spread rapidly over the past two decades, attracting more and more countries and linking their economies to the world economy. The agro-industrial sector of the economy deserves special attention in international cooperation, characterized by a particular feature, linking geopolitical, economic, social, environmental, sanitary, hygienic norms and rules. Therefore, the experience gained by countries that have long been members of the WTO and have passed certain stages of development and regulation of the tax policy of agribusiness enterprises is worth studying, analyzing, and implementing. The comparative analysis of the results of the realization of the state policy in the field of taxation of agribusiness is carried out during recent years. This research paper analyzes the generalized experience of economically developed countries in the formation of tax policy in the field of agribusiness regulation and identifies opportunities for its application in Ukraine. The study results determine the practical significance of the article, which is determined by the possibility of using the proposed mechanisms to improve the tax policy in the field of agribusiness regulation and identify opportunities for its application in Ukraine.
Social Issues in Supply Chain Sustainability – Focus Areas for Energy and Manufacturing sectors in India and USA
Authors: Nair Prashant Unnikrishnan , Thankamony Parvathy
Published: February 2021

The paper is a capsule to understand various social issues in supply chain, the social sustainability practices and strategies used for mitigation. Data was collected through questionnaire survey and systematic literature review of the supply chain social sustainability papers, published in peer-reviewed journals within the time frame of January 2000 to October 2020. Findings from this study show that social aspects are less researched and practiced compared to economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Research is still at an infancy stage in the emerging economies with very few social sustainability-centered studies focusing on practices and metrics to measure the impact of these practices. The paper identifies 26 social issues for social sustainability in supply chain for two different economies and does a comparative study. Scope of the paper is limited to Manufacturing and Energy sectors in the USA and in India to seek a possible contrasting or adhering perspective to the issues. Results and discussion pertain to the chosen sectors and geographies and provide key insight on the perspectives in the region with a conclusion on further research and mitigation methods through research and implementation of corporate practices that can help mitigate systemic social issues.
Identification of Risk Factors of Food Losses in Food Processing Plants
Authors: Bilska Beata , Tomaszewska Marzena , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta
Published: February 2021

Losses take place along the entire food chain and they need to be analysed and monitored due to their impact on the development of the food sector. In addition to quantitative losses, irrational use of food contributes to the depletion of natural resources (e. g. water and energy) and poses a threat to the environment, constituting a barrier to sustainable development of the food sector. The aim of this study was to establish the causes and effects of food losses in food industry plants and to propose measures for their mitigation. The material for the study was data on losses gathered in six food industry plants located in Poland. The study was conducted on the basis of a survey. In the studied plants, 20 causes of losses were found. A fundamental role in food production is played by access to raw materials of appropriate quality. In any enterprise, the key factor responsible for the commission of errors is human. Food losses affect the food system and its balance in three dimensions: economic, social and environmental - due to the waste of resources used to produce food that is never eaten and due to greenhouse gas emissions. In summary, the risk of food losses must be prevented by eliminating any errors that may result in a product of inadequate quality characteristics.
The Modeling of the Production Process of High-Starch Corn Hybrids of Different Maturity Groups
Authors: Palamarchuk Vitalii , Krychkovskyi Vadym , Honcharuk Inna , Telekalo Nataliia
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of mathematical modeling based on the construction and use of various images of the object, process or system. The research involves the study of the dependence of the level of productivity and valuable farming traits of corn hybrids in the form of mathematical models. Field research was carried out during 2011-2017 on the experimental fields of the Department of Crop Production, Breeding and Bioenergy Crops of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, at the state enterprise “Research Farm “Kordelivske” of the Institute of Potato Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe in accordance with the guidelines provided in “Methodology of Field Experiments in Corn”. The use of computer technology, in particular, cluster analysis, from our point of view, allows us to approach the difficult task of improving the efficiency of the correct choice of hybrids and technologies to obtain the maximum level of bioethanol yield per unit area of maize hybrids. An ecological-genetic model of quantitative traits was used to study the phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids and to establish the influence on the formation of their traits. The construction of the model is based on the hierarchy of manifestation of productivity traits in ontogenesis and the correspondence of their manifestation in organogenesis. The model consists of three modules of traits including the resulting one and double-component that reflect phenotypic implementation of the genetic formula. The resulting traits are those that have environmentally stable correlation and the highest total impact on the final resulting trait, namely, the yield. According to the results of researches of mathematical models of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids of different maturity groups, both general biological regularities and group differences of trait formation have been established. Thus, the analysis of the differences between the groups of early and mid-early corn hybrids, in general reveals that their growth and development are affected to a relative extent by the amount of effective temperatures, amount of precipitation and HTC. In fact, the maturity groups studied differ insufficiently, and the main differences can be observed only in the variability of the traits studied or the closeness of their relationships with each other. However, mid hybrids respond somewhat differently to environmental factors, which allows to develop the elements of adaptive cultivation technology for each maturity group. Based on the results of cluster analysis, cluster dendrograms were created using the odd-numbered group method with the determination of Euclidean distances.
On the World Co2 Emission Equitable Transition Design and Its Implementation: Theory and Empirical Data
Authors: Bova Demetrio Miloslavo
Published: February 2021

This paper designs the transition trajectory for Co2 emissions that considers the impact on inequality both across countries and generations and introduces elements for its implementation. The intercountry and intergenerational equities are discussed and found, for the first, in terms of equal cumulated per capita emissions, for the second, both in terms of temperature growth control and capacity to ensure an equal future yearly amount of emission per generation. These definitions allow enquiring which country is behaving fairly and, consequently, which system may be introduced to compensate. Once the emission trajectory is defined, its implementation and the deviances management can be structured through a quasi-decentralised dynamic cap and trade system. Theory and empirical data for the design and its management are provided.
GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA EM TEMPOS DE MOVIMENTO ESCOLA SEM PARTIDO
Authors: Barroso Ramon Roberto de Jesus , Macedo da Silva Lana Claudia
Published: February 2021

O foco desta pesquisa é discutir como movimentos ultraconservadores, especialmente o Movimento Escola Sem Partido tem se organizado para a retirada de estudos e reflexões sobre gênero e sexualidade das escolas brasileiras. Com base na abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa, realizamos estudos teóricos e documentais, referenciados em autoras como: Scott (1995), Louro (2007) (2019), Paraiso (2016), Mattos (2018), e nos autores: Penna (2016a) (2016b), Seffner (2016) e Miguel (2017). Concluiu-se que movimentos ultraconservadores tem se utilizado de um certo pânico moral para subverter conceitos científicos atribuídos a gênero e sexualidade, propagando discursos conservadores nos meios sociais, criando uma cortina de fumaça, resultando na falácia chamada “ideologia de gênero”. Tal discurso tem sido utilizado como estratégia do MESP para impedir que o tema seja trabalhado e re-inserido em documentos educacionais como o Plano Nacional de Educação –PNE (2014-2024) e nas proposições de currículos escolares oficiais - Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC).
QUANDO HÁ CENSURA EM ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ARTE-EDUCAÇÃO NUMA PERSPECTIVA ANTIDISCRIMINATÓRIA
Authors: De Siqueira Juliana Salles
Published: February 2021

Incitado pela necessidade de reflexão frente à polêmica pública decorrente da presença de crianças e imagens de infâncias em proposições artísticas realizadas no Brasil em finais de 2017, o presente artigo aponta para a importância da ampliação da conversação acerca das especificidades ético-estéticas de certas obras como possibilidade formativa numa perspectiva antidiscriminatória. Por compreender que o extravasamento do campo das artes e a crítica de sua circunscrição institucional caracterizam-se, historicamente, como próprios à arte contemporânea, tomo o pensar a arte e as imagens no seu enlaçamento com a vida como constituinte da reflexão provocada por determinadas produções. Observando tal característica como desafiadora a arte-educadoras e arte-educadores comprometidas, comprometides e comprometidos com a construção relacional respeitosa com distintos modos do ser e do viver o corpo, o gênero e a sexualidade em nossa sociedade, faço por fim alguns apontamentos a partir de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes da Universidade de São Paulo.
EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA: ATITUDES DE PROFESSORES DIANTE DE SITUAÇÕES PROJETIVAS ENVOLVENDO COMPORTAMENTOS SEXUAIS DE ALUNOS
Authors: Bortolozzi Ana Claudia , Vilaça Teresa
Published: February 2021

A Educação Sexual é uma dificuldade para muitos professores nas escolas inclusivas. Este estudo investigou as possíveis atitudes de 55 professores portugueses diante de seis situações projetivas envolvendo o público alvo da educação especial, apresentadas em um questionário, envolvendo diferentes comportamentos sexuais de alunos: autoerotismo (deficiência intelectual- DI), toques indevidos (cego/deficiência visual-DV), beijo/namoro (surdez- S), abuso sexual (deficiência física- DF), pergunta sobre sexo na aula (deficiência múltipla- DM) e exibicionismo (autismo-TEA).  Diante das situações, as atitudes mais frequentes relatadas pelos professores foram: o “diálogo acolhedor” (TEA e DM), “pedir ajuda” (DF e TEA) e “corrigir comportamentos” (DI e DV); eles não se omitem diante dos comportamentos, mas não refletem porque eles ocorreram, nem como poderiam preveni-los. Conclui-se que, apesar de uma postura favorável à Educação Sexual na escola, é importante investir na formação continuada e as situações projetivas foram procedimentos úteis no levantamento dessa necessidade.
“CHAMEI OS DOIS E PERGUNTEI ABERTAMENTE, QUEM ERA O PAI E QUEM ERA A MÃE”: HOMOPARENTALIDADE, DOCÊNCIA E EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Morando André , Souza Nadia Geisa Silveira de , Santos Paloma Nascimento dos
Published: February 2021

Analisamos neste artigo a rede de enunciados sobre família e homoparentalidade em um grupo virtual do Facebook, que reúne pessoas vinculadas a docência na Educação Infantil. Como proposta metodológica, nos inspiramos na netnografia, uma ramificação da etnografia, para conhecer a dinâmica do grupo virtual. Como ferramenta analítica recorremos à análise do discurso, a partir dos pressupostos de Michel Foucault. Nessa perspectiva analítica não buscamos categorizar os discursos em verdadeiros ou falsos, mas suas condições de emergência. A análise mostrou como saberes sobre corpo, gênero e sexualidade são investidos na produção de discursos verdadeiros nas práticas discursivas das docentes e, sobretudo, como a comemoração do dia da família opera como estratégia heteronormativa de invisibilização social das famílias homoparentais na escola.
EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL VAI AO CARIRI CEARENSE: ABORDAGENS E PROBLEMATIZAÇÕES NOS CURRÍCULOS ESCOLARES
Authors: Souza Elaine de Jesus , Rocha Eugerbia Paula da
Published: February 2021

A Educação Sexual constitui um campo transdisciplinar que abrange discursos sobre sexualidade e gênero entremeados na cultura e relações de poder. O objetivo foi problematizar o/s modo/s de incorporação (ou não) da Educação Sexual nos currículos escolares, a partir da análise dos discursos acerca das temáticas sexualidade e gênero. Trata-se do recorte de uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida em cinco escolas públicas nos munícipios de Brejo Santo-CE e Porteiras-CE; aqui analisaremos as entrevistas semiestruturadas de dez docentes por meio da análise foucaultiana do discurso. Os resultados ressaltam que a maioria dos/as docentes não aborda, de forma contínua e planejada, as temáticas da Educação Sexual, sobretudo em decorrência da carência na formação docente aliada ao fundamentalismo religioso marcante no contexto sociocultural do cariri cearense. Assim, a partir dos enunciados, destacamos três categorias discursivas: biológica-higienista, religiosa-fundamentalista e sociocultural, que se articulam ao evidenciarem contradições, limites e possibilidades da Educação Sexual nos currículos escolares.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação Sexual. Sexualidade. Gênero. Currículo.
ESCOLA, GÊNERO E ABJEÇÃO: DESDOBRAMENTOS A PARTIR DA ALEGORIA NA ANIMAÇÃO X-MEN EVOLUTION
Authors: Carvalho Marco Aurélio de , Ribeiro Paulo Rennes Marçal
Published: February 2021

Super-heróis fazem do cotidiano de crianças, jovens e adultos, sendo, muitas vezes, taxados de cultura inútil. No entanto, alguns educadores têm defendido o seu uso no processo de aprendizagem. No que diz respeito à sexualidade, em especial a aquelas dissidentes da cisheteronormatividade, há poucos heróis que tratam esse assunto de forma explicita. Tal abordagem muitas vezes se dá sob a forma de alegorias. É o caso dos X-men que foram concebidos por Stan Lee como uma alegoria de minorias sociais da vida real. Esse artigo tem como proposta discutir, a partir do conceito de abjeção da filósofa Judith Butler, como os mutantes são uma alegoria da vivência de alunos LGBTQI+ na escola através da série animada X-men Evolution. Acreditamos que os X-men possam vir a ser um instrumento importante para educadores trabalharem a questão da homofobia e transfobia em sala de aula.
QUEM PODE SER MERIDA? ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE GÊNERO E O EMPODERAMENTO FEMININO: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Rossi Jean Pablo Guimarães , Babinski Marcieli
Published: February 2021

Mediante as complexidades vivenciadas no contexto escolar, no que tange a participação, inclusão, práticas não-sexistas e educação de gênero e sexualidade no Ensino Fundamental I, utilizou-se do longa-metragem: “Valente: A Conquista de Merida”, como uma ferramenta para ampliar as discussões acerca dos estereótipos de gênero e sexualidade, além de ampliar as reflexões sobre a violência de gênero e o empoderamento feminino. Para tanto, o presente trabalho é um recorte de uma experiência pedagógica com alunos do 5º Ano do Ensino Fundamental I, de uma escola do Município de Pitanga, interior do Paraná. A metodologia utilizada consiste em práticas dialógicas pautadas nas concepções freireanas, tendo o diálogo como centro da aprendizagem e a problematização como fator fundamental para a mudança.
PAIXÃO E DÚVIDAS: UM RELATO DAS ANGÚSTIAS VIVIDAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL AO SE FALAR EM GÊNERO
Authors: Potes Isis Marques
Published: February 2021

O presente texto foi produzido tendo como inspiração o dia a dia de uma professora e seu fazer pedagógico. O objetivo do mesmo é narrar as angústias e reflexões sobre a prática escolar de uma professora da Educação Infantil, que recebe um aluno novo com algumas características, explicitadas pela mãe, como diferentes. Diferentes como!? Isso vamos descobrir no decorrer da leitura a partir da descrição do cotidiano desta professora. O texto tem como pano de fundo para esse relato as discussões de gênero na escola e trás algumas evidencias de como a mesma está sendo vista e trabalhada nas escolas.
TRABALHO DOCENTE NO BRASIL: DA FEMINIZAÇÃO DO MAGISTÉRIO PARA A DESFEMINIZAÇÃO DA DOCÊNCIA
Authors: Dal'Igna Maria Cláudia , Scherer Renata Porcher
Published: February 2021

Este artigo examina os modos de constituição do trabalho docente no contexto brasileiro. Para tanto, realiza-se a análise de uma obra publicada no ano de 1982 e parte do material empírico produzido em um grupo focal com estudantes de Pedagogia em 2015. Buscou-se fundamentação nos estudos de gênero pós-estruturalistas e nos estudos sociológicos do trabalho. Ao final, foi possível identificar que a literatura pedagógica brasileira produzida na década de 1980 inaugura um debate importante em prol da profissionalização do trabalho docente, produzindo um deslocamento da feminização do magistério para o que chamamos de desfeminização da docência. Evidencia-se, ainda, que as novas gerações de professoras mobilizam determinados saberes docentes para defenderem um compromisso político da escola com os conhecimentos escolares.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero, trabalho docente, feminização do magistério, profissionalização.
GÊNERO E DIVERSIDADE: ESTADO DA ARTE DAS AÇÕES DE ENSINO, PESQUISA E EXTENSÃO NO IFRS
Authors: Esteves Andréia Schlick , Prestes Liliane Madruga
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo mapear o estado da arte da abordagem de questões relacionadas à gênero e sexualidade no espaço educativo da Educação Profissional, Técnica e Tecnológica (EPT), em particular, no âmbito do IFRS. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, efetuamos a revisão de literatura com base em autores/as tais Joan Scott (1995), Guacira Louro (1997), Deborah Britzman (2000), Jimena Furlani (2010), Berth (2019), entre outros/as. Posteriormente, realizamos a análise documental das políticas educacionais que regem a EPT. Na sequência, foi feito o levantamento de ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão desenvolvidas no âmbito do IFRS durante o período de janeiro/2014 a maio/2019. Os resultados demonstram o quanto a instituição, gradativamente, tem avançado na inclusão de tais temáticas nos diversos níveis e modalidades de ensino. Entre os desafios, citamos a criação de um Observatório Institucional para o compartilhamento de estratégias desenvolvidas nos diversos campi, contribuindo para subsidiar e inspirar a realização de outras.
Unusual, but important, peri- and extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: a pictorial essay
Authors: Suh Ji Young , Park Sun-Young , Koh Sung Hye , Lee In Jae , Lee Kwanseop
Published: February 2021

Ultrasonography is a useful technique to detect soft tissue changes of rheumatoid arthritisnot only synovitis, but also tenosynovitis, bursitis, and enthesitis-even at a subclinical stage. However, radiologists tend to focus on synovitis in daily practice, and unusual peri- or extraarticular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis are difficult to detect at the initial presentation. This pictorial essay describes a broad spectrum of ultrasonographic findings in tendons, bursae, ligaments, subcutaneous tissues, bones, and nerves to assist in the accurate diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.