bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient High Strain Rate During Localized Viscous Creep in the Dry Lower Continental Crust (Lofoten, Norway)
Authors: Campbell L. R. , Menegon L.
Published: October 2019

Understanding the ability of the lower crust to support transient changes in stresses and strain rates during the earthquake cycle requires a detailed investigation of the deformation mechanisms and rheology of deep crustal fault rocks. Here, we show that lower crustal pseudotachylyte‐bearing shear zones are able to accommodate short‐term episodes of high strain rate and high stress deformation by accelerated viscous creep, followed by a reduction in stresses to some ambient deformation condition. Quartz microstructure within pseudotachylyte‐bearing shear zones in otherwise undeformed granulites from Lofoten, Norway, indicates that dynamic recrystallization occurred during viscous creep under rapid strain rates and high stresses of ~10−9 s−1 and ~100 MPa, respectively. Lower stress microstructures (i.e., foam textures) are also recorded in the shear zones, indicating spatial and temporal variations of stress and strain rate during deformation cycles. Both the high and lower stress quartz recrystallization took place under granulite facies conditions of 650°C–750°C and 0.7–0.8 GPa and represented a record of highly localized viscous creep within the lower crust. This implies that lower crustal pseudotachylytes are potentially able to form extremely localized weak zones within strong lower crust, enabling a deep mechanical response to perturbations in stress and strain rate such as those experienced during the seismic cycle, for example, seismogenic loading followed by subsequent postseismic relaxation.
Mapping the 3‐D Lithospheric Structure of the Greater Permian Basin in West Texas and Southeast New Mexico for Earthquake Monitoring
Authors: Huang Guo‐chin Dino , Savvaidis Alexandros , Walter Jacob I.
Published: October 2019

The Greater Permian Basin is not only a complex tectonic regime, but it has also been and continues to be a productive oilfield where the seismicity rate in the basin has significantly increased since 2008. Since 2015, our understanding of the seismogenesis in the basin has increased owing to the establishment of a statewide seismic network known as TexNet for monitoring earthquake activities. A crucial component of improving the accuracy of the hypocentral location is an accurate velocity model that can better confirm the existing regional tectonic regime. We collected data from current TexNet operations and previously deployed seismic arrays and performed a joint local and teleseismic earthquake tomographic inversion, resulting in a three‐dimensional tomography model for earthquake monitoring. The preferred three‐dimensional tomography model includes a prominent feature at a depth range of 0–20 km, where distinct lower wave speed anomalies overlap with the surface trace of the Delaware Basin. These anomalies suggest a basin‐scale lithological difference from surrounding regions and corroborate basin characteristics. Findings also suggest that the Midland Basin may be more lithologically uniform than the Delaware Basin. A strong correlation exists between dense seismicity clusters and the obtained lower Vp/Vs ratios. Four significant clusters having Vp/Vs ratios ranging from 1.689 to 1.720 were identified. Using the Vp/Vs ratio as a proxy to evaluate the state of the pore‐fluid pressure, we think this spatial correlation suggests that the Greater Permian Basin currently comprises overpressurized fluid‐filled host rocks.
Assessing the Impact of Lead and Floe Sampling on Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Estimates from Envisat and CryoSat‐2
Authors: Tilling R. , Ridout A. , Shepherd A.
Published: October 2019

Multidecadal observations of sea ice thickness, in addition to those available for extent, are key to understanding long‐term variations and trends in the amount of Arctic sea ice. The European Space Agency's Envisat (2002–2010) and CryoSat‐2 (2010–present) satellite radar altimeter missions provide a continuous 17‐year dataset with the potential to estimate sea ice thickness. However, the satellite footprints are not equal in area and so different distributions of floes and leads are sampled by each mission. Here, we compare lead and floe sampling from Envisat and CryoSat‐2 to investigate the impact of geometric sampling differences on Arctic sea ice thickness estimates. We find that Envisat preferentially samples wider, thicker sea ice floes, and that floes in less consolidated ice regions are effectively thickened by off‐nadir ranging to leads. Consequently, Envisat sea ice thicknesses that are an average of 80 cm higher than CryoSat‐2 over first‐year ice and 23 cm higher over multiyear ice. By considering the along‐track distances between lead and floe measurements, we are able to develop a sea ice thickness correction that is based on Envisat's inability to resolve discrete surfaces relative to CryoSat‐2. This is a novel, physically based approach to addressing the bias between the satellites and reduces the average thickness difference to negligible values over first‐year and multiyear ice. Finally, we evaluate our new bias‐corrected Envisat sea ice thickness product using independent airborne, moored‐buoy and submarine data. The European Space Agency's Envisat and CryoSat‐2 satellites have the potential to produce a continuous record of Arctic sea ice thickness since 2002, but this is complicated by the fact that the satellites do not sample the sea ice surface in the same way. We find that Envisat is only able to sample larger, thicker sea ice relative to CryoSat‐2, because of its poorer resolution. In this paper we account for these differences in sampling to combine Arctic sea ice thickness estimates from two the satellite missions. Applying a sea ice thickness bias correction to Envisat data reduces the ice thickness difference between Envisat and CryoSat‐2 from an average of 53.0 to 0.5 cm
The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6)
Authors: Gettelman A. , Mills M. J. , Kinnison D. E. , Garcia R. R. , Smith A. K. , Marsh D. R. , Tilmes S. , Vitt F. , Bardeen C. G. , McInerny J. , Liu H.‐L. , Solomon S. C. , Polvani L. M. , Emmons L. K. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Richter J. H. , Glanville A. S. , Bacmeister J. T. , Phillips A. S. , Neale R. B. , Simpson I. R. , DuVivier A. K. , Hodzic A. , Randel W. J.
Published: October 2019

The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6) is a major update of the whole atmosphere modeling capability in the Community Earth System Model (CESM), featuring enhanced physical, chemical and aerosol parameterizations. This work describes WACCM6 and some of the important features of the model. WACCM6 can reproduce many modes of variability and trends in the middle atmosphere, including the quasi‐biennial oscillation, stratospheric sudden warmings, and the evolution of Southern Hemisphere springtime ozone depletion over the twentieth century. WACCM6 can also reproduce the climate and temperature trends of the 20th century throughout the atmospheric column. The representation of the climate has improved in WACCM6, relative to WACCM4. In addition, there are improvements in high‐latitude climate variability at the surface and sea ice extent in WACCM6 over the lower top version of the model (CAM6) that comes from the extended vertical domain and expanded aerosol chemistry in WACCM6, highlighting the importance of the stratosphere and tropospheric chemistry for high‐latitude climate variability.
Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis
Authors: Cao Chao , Yu Muming , Chai Yanfen
Published: October 2019

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host response to infection that leads to uncontrolled inflammatory response followed by immunosuppression. However, despite the high mortality rate, no specific treatment modality or drugs with high efficacy is available for sepsis to date. Although improved treatment strategies have increased the survival rate during the initial state of excessive inflammatory response, recent trends in sepsis show that mortality occurs at a period of continuous immunosuppressive state in which patients succumb to secondary infections within a few weeks or months due to post-sepsis “immune paralysis.” Immune cell alteration induced by uncontrolled apoptosis has been considered a major cause of significant immunosuppression. Particularly, apoptosis of lymphocytes, including innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells, is associated with a higher risk of secondary infections and poor outcomes. Multiple postmortem studies have confirmed that sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis occurs in all age groups, including neonates, pediatric, and adult patients, and it is considered to be a primary contributing factor to the immunosuppressive pathophysiology of sepsis. Therapeutic perspectives targeting apoptosis through various strategies could improve survival in sepsis. In this review article, we will focus on describing the major apoptosis process of immune cells with respect to physiologic and molecular mechanisms. Further, advances in apoptosis-targeted treatment modalities for sepsis will also be discussed.
Endothelial cell pyroptosis plays an important role in Kawasaki disease via HMGB1/RAGE/cathespin B signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Jia Chang , Zhang Jian , Chen Huanwen , Zhuge Yingzhi , Chen Huiqiao , Qian Fanyu , Zhou Kailiang , Niu Chao , Wang Fangyan , Qiu Huixian , Wang Zhenquan , Xiao Jian , Rong Xing , Chu Maoping
Published: October 2019

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of pediatric cardiac disease in developed countries, and can lead to permanent coronary artery damage and long term sequelae such as coronary artery aneurysms. Given the prevalence and severity of KD, further research is warranted on its pathophysiology. It is known that endothelial cell damage and inflammation are two essential processes resulting in the coronary endothelial dysfunction in KD. However, detailed mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of pyroptosis in the setting of KD, and hypothesized that pyroptosis may play a central role in its pathophysiology. In vivo experiments of patients with KD demonstrated that serum levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, including ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), were significantly increased in KD compared with healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, western blot analysis showed that the expression of GSDMD and mature IL-1β was notably elevated in KD sera. In vitro, exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to KD sera-treated THP1 cells resulted in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis induction, as evidenced by elevated expression of caspase-1, GSDMD, cleaved p30 form of GSDMD, IL-1β and IL-18, and increased LDH release and TUNEL and propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells. Furthermore, our results showed that NLRP3-dependent endothelial cell pyroptosis was activated by HMGB1/RAGE/cathepsin B signaling. These findings were also recapitulated in a mouse model of KD induced by Candida albicans cell wall extracts (CAWS). Together, our findings suggest that endothelial cell pyroptosis may play a significant role in coronary endothelial damage in KD, providing novel evidence that further elucidates its pathophysiology.
Quantifying the impacts of defaunation on natural forest regeneration in a global meta-analysis
Authors: Gardner Charlie J. , Bicknell Jake E. , Baldwin-Cantello William , Struebig Matthew J. , Davies Zoe G.
Published: October 2019

Intact forests provide diverse and irreplaceable ecosystem services that are critical to human well-being, such as carbon storage to mitigate climate change. However, the ecosystem functions that underpin these services are highly dependent on the woody vegetation-animal interactions occurring within forests. While vertebrate defaunation is of growing policy concern, the effects of vertebrate loss on natural forest regeneration have yet to be quantified globally. Here we conduct a meta-analysis to assess the direction and magnitude of defaunation impacts on forests. We demonstrate that real-world defaunation caused by hunting and habitat fragmentation leads to reduced forest regeneration, although manipulation experiments provide contrasting findings. The extirpation of primates and birds cause the greatest declines in forest regeneration, emphasising their key role in maintaining carbon stores, and the need for national and international climate change and conservation strategies to protect forests from defaunation fronts as well as deforestation fronts.
Thermodynamics and kinetics guided probe design for uniformly sensitive and specific DNA hybridization without optimization
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Na , Liu Liquan , Chen Wei , Chen Na , Lin Meng , Xu Jiaju , Zhou Xing , Wang Hongbo , Zhao Meiping , Xiao Xianjin
Published: October 2019

Sensitive and specific DNA hybridization is essential for nucleic acid chemistry. Competitive composition of probe and blocker has been the most adopted probe design for its relatively high sensitivity and specificity. However, the sensitivity and specificity were inversely correlated over the length and concentration of the blocker strand, making the optimization process cumbersome. Herein, we construct a theoretical model for competitive DNA hybridization, which disclose that both the thermodynamics and kinetics contribute to the inverse correlation. Guided by this, we invent the 4-way Strand Exchange LEd Competitive DNA Testing (SELECT) system, which breaks up the inverse correlation. Using SELECT, we identified 16 hot-pot mutations in human genome under uniform conditions, without optimization at all. The specificities were all above 140. As a demonstration of the clinical practicability, we develop probe systems that detect mutations in human genomic DNA extracted from ovarian cancer patients with a detection limit of 0.1%.
Molecular insights into the interaction of hemorphin and its targets
Authors: Ali Amanat , Baby Bincy , Soman Soja Saghar , Vijayan Ranjit
Published: October 2019

Hemorphins are atypical endogenous opioid peptides produced by the cleavage of hemoglobin beta chain. Several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of hemorphin in memory enhancement, blood regulation, and analgesia. However, the mode of interaction of hemorphin with its target remains largely elusive. The decapeptide LVV-hemorphin-7 is the most stable form of hemorphin. It binds with high affinity to mu-opioid receptors (MOR), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). In this study, computational methods were used extensively to elucidate the most likely binding pose of mammalian LVV-hemorphin-7 with the aforementioned proteins and to calculate the binding affinity. Additionally, alignment of mammalian hemorphin sequences showed that the hemorphin sequence of the camel harbors a variation – a Q > R substitution at position 8. This study also investigated the binding affinity and the interaction mechanism of camel LVV-hemorphin-7 with these proteins. To gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the molecular interactions between the selected targets and hemorphin peptides, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations of the best-ranked poses were performed. Simulations highlighted major interactions between the peptides and key residues in the binding site of the proteins. Interestingly, camel hemorphin had a higher binding affinity and showed more interactions with all three proteins when compared to the canonical mammalian LVV-hemorphin-7. Thus, camel LVV-hemorphin-7 could be explored as a potent therapeutic agent for memory loss, hypertension, and analgesia.
Locally Resonant Phononic Crystals at Low frequencies Based on Porous SiC Multilayer
Authors: Mehaney Ahmed , Ahmed Ashour M.
Published: October 2019

In this work, a one-dimensional porous silicon carbide phononic crystal (1D-PSiC PnC) sandwiched between two rubber layers is introduced to obtain low frequency band gaps for the audible frequencies. The novelty of the proposed multilayer 1D-PnCs arises from the coupling between the soft rubber, unique mechanical properties of porous SiC materials and the local resonance phenomenon. The proposed structure could be considered as a 1D acoustic Metamaterial with a size smaller than the relevant 1D-PnC structures for the same frequencies. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to use PSiC materials in a 1D PnC structure for the problem of low frequency phononic band gaps. Also, the porosities and thicknesses of the PSiC layers were chosen to obtain the fundamental band gaps within the bandwidth of the acoustic transducers and sound suppression devices. The transmission spectrum of acoustic waves is calculated by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The results revealed that surprising low band gaps appeared in the transmission spectra of the 1D-PSiC PnC at the audible range, which are lower than the expected ones by Bragg’s scattering theory. The frequency at the center of the first band gap was at the value 7957 Hz, which is 118 times smaller than the relevant frequency of other 1D structures with the same thickness. A comparison between the phononic band gaps of binary and ternary 1D-PSiC PnC structures sandwiched between two rubber layers at the micro-scale was performed and discussed. Also, the band gap frequency is controlled by varying the layers porosity, number and the thickness of each layer. The simulated results are promising in many applications such as low frequency band gaps, sound suppression devices, switches and filters.
Storage and erasure of behavioural experiences at the single neuron level
Authors: Dyakonova T. L. , Sultanakhmetov G. S. , Mezheritskiy M. I. , Sakharov D. A. , Dyakonova V. E.
Published: October 2019

Although predictions from the past about the future have been of major interest to current neuroscience, how past and present behavioral experience interacts at the level of a single neuron remains largely unknown. Using the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis we found that recent experience of terrestrial locomotion (exercise) results in a long-term increase in the firing rate of serotonergic pedal (PeA) neurons. Isolation from the CNS preserved the “memory” about previous motor activity in the neurons even after the animals rested for two hours in deep water after the exercise. In contrast, in the CNS, no difference in the firing rate between the control and “exercise-rested” (ER) neurons was seen. ER snails, when placed again on a surface to exercise, nevertheless showed faster locomotor arousal. The difference in the firing rate between the control and ER isolated neurons disappeared when the neurons were placed in the microenvironment of their home ganglia. It is likely that an increased content of dopamine in the CNS masks an increased excitation of PeA neurons after rest: the dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride produced sustained excitation in PeA neurons from ER snails but not in the control. Therefore, our data suggest the involvement of two mechanisms in the interplay of past and present experiences at the cellular level: intrinsic neuronal changes in the biophysical properties of the cell membrane and extrinsic modulatory environment of the ganglia.
The effect of being watched on facial EMG and autonomic activity in response to another individual’s facial expressions
Authors: Hietanen Jari K. , Kylliäinen Anneli , Peltola Mikko J.
Published: October 2019

We tested if facial reactions to another person’s facial expressions depend on the self-relevance of the observed expressions. In the present study (n = 44), we measured facial electromyographic (zygomatic and corrugator) activity and autonomic arousal (skin conductance) responses to a live model’s smiling and neutral faces. In one condition, the participant and the model were able to see each other normally, whereas in the other condition, the participant was led to believe that the model could not see the participant. The results showed that the increment of zygomatic activity in response to smiling faces versus neutral faces was greater when the participants believed they were being watched than it was when the participants believed they were not being watched. However, zygomatic responses to smiles did not differ between the conditions, while the results suggested that the participants’ zygomatic responses to neutral faces seemed to attenuate in the condition of believing they were being watched. Autonomic responses to smiling faces were greater in the belief of being watched than in the belief of not being watched condition. The results suggest that the self-relevance of another individual’s facial expression modulates autonomic arousal responses and to a lesser extent facial EMG responses.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Silencing of Glutathione S-Transferase Pi Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth via Oxidative Stress Induced by Mitochondria Dysfunction
Authors: Fujitani Naoki , Yoneda Akihiro , Takahashi Motoko , Takasawa Akira , Aoyama Tomoyuki , Miyazaki Tadaaki
Published: October 2019

Antitumor drug development based on the concept of intervening in the antioxidant system of cancer cells has been gaining increased interest. In this study, we propose a promising strategy for cancer treatment using modulation of oxidative stress by suppression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a typical antioxidant enzyme. siRNA which can be applied to the development of nucleic acid drugs, enabling them to eliminate unwanted side effects, increase specificity, and avoid the problem of drug resistance, was employed for GSTP-silencing at the transcriptional level. The silencing of the pi class of GST (GSTP) that displayed the most characteristic expression profile in 13 kinds of cancer cell lines has shown significant impairment in the growth of cancer cells due to oxidative stress caused by excess ROS accumulation. Comparative proteomics between normal cells and GSTP-silenced pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1 suggested that GSTP-silencing facilitated the mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings show promise for the development of strategies toward cancer therapy based on the mechanism that allows genetic silencing of GSTP to promote oxidative stress through mitochondria dysfunction.
Integrated platform for operating and interrogating organs-on-chips
Authors: Ishahak Matthew , Birman Liev , Carbonero Daniel , Hill Jordan , Hernandez Adiel , Rawal Siddarth , Agarwal Ashutosh
Published: October 2019

Microfluidic platform and open-source graphical user interface automates continuous dynamic culture and assessment of organs-on-chips.
Targeted covalent inhibition ofO-GlcNAc transferase in cells
Authors: Worth Matthew , Hu Chia-Wei , Li Hao , Fan Dacheng , Estevez Arielis , Zhu Dongsheng , Wang Ao , Jiang Jiaoyang
Published: October 2019

The first targeted covalent inhibitor that reacts withO-GlcNAc transferase but not affects other functionally similar enzymes in cells.
Drug orientations within statin-loaded lipoprotein nanoparticles by 19F solid-state NMR
Authors: Lau Sophie , Stanhope Naomi , Griffin John , Hughes Eleri , Middleton David A.
Published: October 2019

NMR measurements of 19F chemical shift anisotropy and 1H–19F dipolar couplings provide novel information on the molecular orientation of fluorine-containing statin drugs in rHDL lipoprotein nanoparticles, a drug delivery system under investigation.
Small molecule activation by multimetallic uranium complexes supported by siloxide ligands
Authors: Barluzzi Luciano , Falcone Marta , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: October 2019

An overview of the small molecule activation chemistry of polynuclear complexes of uranium supported by the tert-butoxysiloxide ligand.
An unprecedented 2D covalent organic framework with an htb net topology
Authors: Cai Song-Liang , He Zi-Hao , Li Xin-Le , Zhang Kai , Zheng Sheng-Run , Fan Jun , Liu Yi , Zhang Wei-Guang
Published: October 2019

An imine-based two-dimensional covalent organic framework with an unprecedented htb type topology has been rationally designed and successfully synthesized for the first time.
Strong circularly polarized luminescence of an octahedral chromium(iii) complex
Authors: Dee Carolin , Zinna Francesco , Kitzmann Winald R. , Pescitelli Gennaro , Heinze Katja , Di Bari Lorenzo , Seitz Michael
Published: October 2019

The chiral spin–flip luminophore [Cr(ddpd)2]3+can be resolved into enantiopure material by chiral HPLC. The pure enantiomers display strong CPL activity for the corresponding near-IR phosphorescence.
Correction: Fluorescence of a chiral pentaphene derivative derived from the hexabenzocoronene Motif
Authors: Rietsch Philipp , Soyka Jan , Brülls Steffen , Er Jasmin , Hoffmann Katrin , Beerhues Julia , Sarkar Biprajit , Resch-Genger Ute , Eigler Siegfried
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Fluorescence of a chiral pentaphene derivative derived from the hexabenzocoronene Motif’ by Philipp Rietsch et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 10515–10518.
Oxidation of 2D-WS2 nanosheets for generation of 2D-WS2/WO3 heterostructure and 2D and nanospherical WO3
Authors: Adigilli Harish Kumar , Padya Balaji , Venkatesh L. , Chakravadhanula V. S. K. , Pandey A. K. , Joardar Joydip
Published: October 2019

Evolution of 2D-WS2/WO3 heterostructures as well as 2D and nanospherical WO3 during the oxidation of WS2 nanosheets in air.
Molecular anchoring to oxide surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum and in aqueous electrolytes: phosphonic acids on atomically-defined cobalt oxide
Authors: Bertram Manon , Schuschke Christian , Waidhas Fabian , Schwarz Matthias , Hohner Chantal , Montero María A. , Brummel Olaf , Libuda Jörg
Published: October 2019

In this work, we investigated the interaction of phenylphosphonic acid (PPA, C6H5PO3H2) with atomically-defined Co3O4(111) thin films, grown on Ir(100), under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions and in the electrochemical environment.
Site dependent reactivity of Pt single atoms on anatase TiO2(101) in an aqueous environment
Authors: Wen Bo , Yin Wen-Jin , Selloni Annabella , Liu Li-Min
Published: October 2019

The TiO2–Pt–water interface is of great relevance in photocatalysis where Pt is widely used as a co-catalyst for enhancing hydrogen evolution in aqueous TiO2.
The layered uranyl silicate mineral uranophane-β: crystal structure, mechanical properties, Raman spectrum and comparison with the α-polymorph
Authors: Colmenero Francisco , Plášil Jakub , Sejkora Jiří
Published: October 2019

The crystal structure, elastic properties and Raman spectrum of the calcium uranyl silicate pentahydrate mineral uranophane-β, are studied using first-principles solid-state methods and compared with the corresponding information for the α polymorph.
Multifunctional materials based on the double-perovskite organic–inorganic hybrid (CH3NH3)2[KCr(CN)6] showing switchable dielectric, magnetic, and semiconducting behaviour
Authors: Rok M. , Moskwa M. , Działowa M. , Bieńko A. , Rajnák C. , Boča R. , Bator G.
Published: October 2019

Herein, we have synthesised and characterised a novel organic–inorganic hybrid crystal, [CH3NH3]2KCr(CN)6 (MACr).
Facile synthesis of silver alkynide cluster and coordination polymers using picolinic acid as a co-ligand
Authors: Gupta Arvind Kumar , Orthaber Andreas
Published: October 2019

We describe five 1D-coordination polymers and two discrete silver clusters consisting of alkynides and picolinic carboxylates as co-ligands.
Ab initio powder X-ray diffraction structural analysis of bispidine based 1D coordination polymers: insights into their guest responsive behaviour
Authors: Lippi Martina , Cametti Massimo , Martí-Rujas Javier
Published: October 2019

The first ab initio synchrotron powder XRD structure solution of a desolvated 1D bispidine coordination polymer (CP) is reported, providing valuable insights into the stability, dynamic and guest responsive behavior of a new class of CPs.
Exploring the effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based plasma metabolomics
Authors: Wang Dongxu , Wang Qi , Chen Renhao , Yang Shinlin , Li Zhifeng , Feng Yulin
Published: October 2019

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Gastrodia elata in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based plasma metabolomics study.
A recyclable Amberlyst-15-catalyzed three-component reaction in water to synthesize diarylmethyl sulfones
Authors: Kuchukulla Ratnakar Reddy , Li Fuhai , He Ze , Zhou Lihong , Zeng Qingle
Published: October 2019

A recyclable Amberlyst-15-catalyzed three-component reaction in water was developed to synthesize asymmetric diarylmethyl sulfones in good to excellent yields with a wide substrate scope.
Visible-light-mediated metal-free decarboxylative acylations of isocyanides with α-oxocarboxylic acids and water leading to α-ketoamides
Authors: Lv Yufen , Bao Pengli , Yue Huilan , Li Jiang-Sheng , Wei Wei
Published: October 2019

A novel visible-light-induced and Rose Bengal catalyzed strategy has been developed for the synthesis of α-ketoamides via decarboxylative acylations of isocyanides with α-oxocarboxylic acids and water under mild conditions.
A centrifugal microfluidic pressure regulator scheme for continuous concentration control in droplet-based microreactors
Authors: Wang Yuye , Liu Shiyue , Zhang Tiankai , Cong Hengji , Wei Yuanyuan , Xu Jianbin , Ho Yi-Ping , Kong Siu-Kai , Ho Ho-Pui
Published: October 2019

A novel ratio-adjustable centrifugal droplet fusion platform dedicated to micro-reactor applications.
An electrically and magnetically responsive nanocomposite of GdPO4·H2O/P3HT/PLGA with electrical stimulation for synergistically enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts
Authors: Yan Huanhuan , Li Linlong , Wang Yu , Huang Jing , Wang Zongliang , Shi Xincui , Zhang Peibiao
Published: October 2019

The electric–magnetic responsive nanocomposite GdPO4·H2O/P3HT/PLGA could enhance MRI signals, and synergistically accelerate proliferation and osteogenic differentiation upon electrical stimulation.
Control of highly anisotropic electrical conductance of tellurene by strain-engineering
Authors: Ma Huanhuan , Hu Wei , Yang Jinlong
Published: October 2019

The highly anisotropic electron mobility and electrical conductance of β-Te can be controlled by strain-engineering and the direction of electrical conductance of β-Te can be changed from the armchair to the zigzag direction at a strain between −1% and 0%.
The role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the neuroinflammatory responses to Ag2Se quantum dots in microglia
Authors: Wu Tianshu , Liang Xue , He Keyu , Wei Tingting , Wang Yan , Zou Lingyue , Bai Changcun , Liu Na , Zhang Ting , Xue Yuying , Tang Meng
Published: October 2019

Ag2Se QD exposure activated microglia followed by pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β release in vivo and in vitro through NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Perylene diimide as a cathodic electrochemiluminescence luminophore for immunoassays at low potentials
Authors: Zhang Wei , Song Yue , He Shuijian , Shang Lei , Ma Rongna , Jia Liping , Wang Huaisheng
Published: October 2019

N,N′-Dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide emitted strong ECL at −0.47 V and was used to construct an ECL immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen detection.
A bio-orthogonal functionalization strategy for site-specific coupling of antibodies on vesicle surfaces after self-assembly
Authors: Gai Meiyu , Simon Johanna , Lieberwirth Ingo , Mailänder Volker , Morsbach Svenja , Landfester Katharina
Published: October 2019

Attaching targeting ligands on the surface of self-assembled drug delivery systems is one of the key requests for a controlled transport of the drug to a desired location.
Polyoxygenated meroterpenoids and a bioactive illudalane derivative from a co-culture of Armillaria sp. and Epicoccum sp.
Authors: Li Hong-Tao , Tang Linhuan , Liu Tao , Yang Ruining , Yang Yabin , Zhou Hao , Ding Zhong-Tao
Published: October 2019

Four new meroterpenoids were discovered from a co-culture of Armillaria sp. and the endophytic fungus Epicoccum sp. YUD17002.
Correction: Liponitroxides: EPR study and their efficacy as antioxidants in lipid membranes
Authors: Mobbili Giovanna , Crucianelli Emanuela , Barbon Antonio , Marcaccio Massimo , Pisani Michela , Dalzini Annalisa , Ussano Eleonora , Bortolus Marco , Stipa Pierluigi , Astolfi Paola
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘Liponitroxides: EPR study and their efficacy as antioxidants in lipid membranes’ by Giovanna Mobbili et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 98955–98966.
Trapping an unprecedented Ti3C3 unit inside the icosahedral C80 fullerene: a crystallographic survey
Authors: Yu Pengyuan , Shen Wangqiang , Bao Lipiao , Pan Changwang , Slanina Zdenek , Lu Xing
Published: October 2019

An unexpected cyclopropanated C3-ring coordinating with a Ti3-unit is successfully entrapped inside the icosahedral-C80 cage.
Structure and dynamics of hagfish mucin in different saline environments
Authors: Rementzi Katerina , Böni Lukas J. , Adamcik Jozef , Fischer Peter , Vlassopoulos Dimitris
Published: October 2019

The defense mechanism of hagfish against predators is based on its ability to form slime within a few milliseconds. Slime formation is a well-orchestrated interplay of mucin, protein threads, and ions present in seawater.
Up-regulated MCPIP1 in abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and MMPs production
Authors: Xue Ming , Li Gang , Li Dan , Wang Zhu , Mi Lei , Da Jingjing , Jin Xing
Published: October 2019

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is often clinically silent before rupture characterized by extensive vascular inflammation and degenerative elasticity of aortic wall. Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) exhibits anti-infllammatory and pro-apoptotic effects involved in atherogenesis. However, little is known about the expression and the contribution of MCPIP1 in AAA. In the present study, we collected clinical AAA specimens and constructed AAA mice model through Ang-II infusion, and found apparently increased MCPIP1 expression and severe inflammatory infiltration in AAA aortic membrane as evidenced by elevated levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and NF-κB, as well as HE staining. The elasticity of aortic tunica media was impaired along with multiple apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in Ang-II-induced aneurysmal mouse. In vitro Ang-II administration of VSMCs induced MCPIP1 expression, accompanied by up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, as well as enhancement of VSMCs proliferation and apoptosis, which may cause damage of intima–media elasticity. Silencing MCPIP1 reversed above effects to further restore the balance of proliferation and apoptosis in VSMCs. Overall, our data indicated that up-regulation of MCPIP1 may become a promising candidate for the diagnosis of AAA, and specific knockdown of MCPIP1 in VSMCs could inhibit VSMCs apoptosis and down-regulate MMPs to maintain vascular wall elasticity. Therefore, knockdown of MCPIP1 may serve as a potential target for gene therapy of AAA.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction via regulation of AMPK signaling and lipid metabolism
Authors: Xie Ting , So Wing Yan , Li Xing Yu , Leung Po Sing
Published: October 2019

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is known as a potent metabolic regulator but its protective mechanisms against lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis remain elusive. Here, we aimed to examine the regulatory pathways whereby FGF21 mediates islet lipid metabolism in lipotoxicity-treated cells and animal models. Rat β-cell line (INS-1E cells) and islets isolated from C57/BL6J mice were exposed to palmitic acid (PA) with/without FGF21, mimicking lipotoxic conditions. Resultant insulin secretion and intracellular signaling were analyzed with Western blotting and RNA-seq. C57/BL6J and global FGF21 knockout (KO) mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce lipotoxicity and given with a long-acting mimetic of FGF21. Insulin resistance and β-cell function were then assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulinogenic index. FGF21 ameliorated PA-induced lipid accumulation, reversed cell apoptosis, and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) as impaired by lipotoxicity in islet β-cells. Mechanistically, FGF21 exerted its beneficial effects through activation of AMPK-ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) pathway and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors (PPARs) δ/γ signaling, thus increasing the levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) and leading to increased fatty acid (FA) oxidation and reduced lipid deposition in β-cells. Interestingly, FGF21 reduced PA-induced cell death via restoration of the expression of apoptosis inhibitor Birc3. In vivo studies further showed that FGF21 is critical for islet insulinogenic capacity and normal function in the context of HFD-treated animals. FGF21 down-regulates islet cell lipid accumulation, probably via activation of AMPK-ACC and PPARδ/γ signaling, and reduces cell death under lipotoxicity, indicating that FGF21 is protective against lipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis.
Chemical complexity in high-mass star formation
Authors: Gieser C. , Semenov D. , Beuther H. , Ahmadi A. , Mottram J. C. , Henning Th. , Beltran M. , Maud L. T. , Bosco F. , Leurini S. , Peters T. , Klaassen P. , Kuiper R. , Feng S. , Urquhart J. S. , Moscadelli L. , Csengeri T. , Lumsden S. , Winters J. M. , Suri S. , Zhang Q. , Pudritz R. , Palau A. , Menten K. M. , Galvan-Madrid R. , Wyrowski F. , Schilke P. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Linz H. , Johnston K. G. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Longmore S. , Möller T.
Published: October 2019

Aims. In order to understand the observed molecular diversity in high-mass star-forming regions, we have to determine the underlying physical and chemical structure of those regions at high angular resolution and over a range of evolutionary stages.

Methods. We present a detailed observational and modeling study of the hot core VLA 3 in the high-mass star-forming region AFGL 2591, which is a target region of the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) large program CORE. Using NOEMA observations at 1.37 mm with an angular resolution of ~0″. 42 (1400 au at 3.33 kpc), we derived the physical and chemical structure of the source. We modeled the observed molecular abundances with the chemical evolution code MUSCLE (MUlti Stage ChemicaL codE).

Results. With the kinetic temperature tracers CH3CN and H2CO we observe a temperature distribution with a power-law index of q = 0.41 ± 0.08. Using the visibilities of the continuum emission we derive a density structure with a power-law index of p = 1.7 ± 0.1. The hot core spectra reveal high molecular abundances and a rich diversity in complex molecules. The majority of the molecules have an asymmetric spatial distribution around the forming protostar(s), which indicates a complex physical structure on scales <1400 au. Using MUSCLE, we are able to explain the observed molecular abundance of 10 out of 14 modeled species at an estimated hot core chemical age of ~21 100 yr. In contrast to the observational analysis, our chemical modeling predicts a lower density power-law index of p < 1.4. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

Conclusions. Combining high spatial resolution observations with detailed chemical modeling allows us to derive a concise picture of the physical and chemical structure of the famous AFGL 2591 hot core. The next steps are to conduct a similar analysis for the whole CORE sample, and then use this analysis to constrain the chemical diversity in high-mass star formation to a much greater depth.
Corrosion testing of experimental steels for oilfield pipelines
Authors: Alkhimenko Alexey
Published: October 2019

Emergency equipment failures at oilfield pipelines are often associated with corrosion damage of the pipe material. Optimization of the chemical composition of the used steel can play a significant role in increasing the corrosion resistance under the condition of ensuring the metallurgical quality of pipes. This article presents a comparative assessment of the corrosion resistance of the used Fe-Cr-Cu-Mn-V steel and experimental compositions, basing on the results of electrochemical studies and tests for general corrosion.
Predicting the durability of zinc coatings based on laboratory and field tests
Authors: Kovalev Mark , Alekseeva Ekaterina , Shaposhnikov Nikita , Povyshev Anton
Published: October 2019

Galvanizing is one of the most common methods of corrosion protection. For the deposition of zinc coatings used such methods as gas-thermal deposition, thermal diffusion saturation in powder, hot-dip galvanizing, cladding, and galvanic precipitating during electrolysis. The hot-dip galvanizing is the most common method, which is used in construction, automotive and other industries. Paper presents the results of research of zinc coatings used in sea conditions. The aim of the work was to determine an acceleration factor by comparing the corrosion rate in laboratory conditions with the data from field tests. Laboratory studies were carried out in a salt fog chamber. Samples were periodically removed from chamber to build the dependence of the corrosion rate on the exposure time. Field tests were carried out at the exploitation area. Result of the work is a guide that allows to predict the corrosion rates of zinc coatings using laboratory tests. The advantage of this test method is shorter time of exposure in comparison with field test.
Experimental study of paint coatings resistance to osmotic destruction depending on water-soluble salts content on a metal surface
Authors: Atdaev Allanazar , Mazitov Arthur , Akhmetgaliev Rustam
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of this work is to assess the relevance of the requirements for the quantitative content of water-soluble salts on the metal surface before applying an anti-corrosion coating. To do this, a series of tests are carried out by coating the metal surface of samples with different salt content, followed by aging in distilled water at high temperature and pressure. After exposure, the defects will be analyzed. The results obtained will help to choose the maximum allowable amount of soluble salts on the metal surface, because the internal coating of field pipelines is practically beyond repair, and to fix this value in the regulatory document.
Corrosion resistance of thermal diffusion zinc coatings of “PNTZ” in oilfield environments
Authors: Biryukov Aleksandr , Zakharyevich Dmitry , Galin Rashit , Devyaterikova Natalya , Scherbakov Igor
Published: October 2019

The production, composition, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of thermal diffusion zinc coatings produced at JSC PNTZ are considered. Specially treated zinc powders with nanocrystallized oxide on the surface of the particles are used in production. The process is capable to provide unique composition and microstructure of coatings. The results of laboratory and field tests show excellent characteristics of coatings in conditions typical for the oil industry.
Electrochemical deposition of zinc coatings from the ionic liquid based on choline chloride
Authors: Kravchenko Aleksandr , Dyachenko Denis , Polikarpov Dmitriy , Fomichev Valeriy
Published: October 2019

Galvanic zinc coatings were obtained by using of electrolytes based on ionic liquid choline chloride – urea. Zinc chloride, zinc sulphate and zinc acetate were used as a sources of Zn2+ions. Influence of zinc salt anion on morphology of deposited coatings shown. Anodic dissolution of obtained zinc coatings investigated in chloride containing aqueous solution.
Corrosion of the infrastructure migrating corrosion inhibitors, “green” bio based technology to extend durability of new and existing infrastructure
Authors: Lipošćak Ivana , Meyer Jessi , Mikšić Boris
Published: October 2019

Corrosion of embedded steel is a leading cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. While concrete mix designs have become more durable, the possibility of cracking due to shrinkage, movement, or other forces is a consideration when designing for long service life. In addition, preserving integrity and extending the useful service life of existing structures is of paramount importance. Migrating, organic corrosion inhibitors have been used for more than 30 years in construction applications as an economical method of corrosion mitigation. Migrating corrosion inhibitors, based on organic amines have become available with the claimed advantage that, as well as being capable of application as admixtures, they may be applied as remedial agents to the surface of the concrete. This paper will give details on the chemistry of organic corrosion inhibitors, test methods used to assess the efficacy of migrating corrosion inhibitors in concrete and their performance in new construction, repair and specialty applications.
Study of corrosion behavior of carbon and low-alloy steels in CO2-containing environments
Authors: Kostitsyna Irina , Shakhmatov Aleksey , Davydov Artem
Published: October 2019

Carbon and low-alloy steels, which constitute the main volume of pipe production, are unstable to the action of aggressive mineralized oil fields environments, which are often in the late stage of development. Recently, attempts have been made to use steels with an economical alloying of chromium up to 0.5% in CO2-containing media without application of the additional measures against corrosion. The corrosion behaviour of carbon and low-alloy steels with a chromium content of up to 0.5% in CO2-containing environments was investigated by electrochemical and metallographic studies. The results show that the addition of 0.5 wt% Cr could not effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the low-Cr alloy steel in CO2-containing environments.
New generation of super duplex steels for equipment gas and oil production
Authors: Levkov Leonid , Shurygin Dmitry , Dub Vladimir , Kosyrev Konstantin , Balikoev Alan
Published: October 2019

Oil&gas producing industry today is increased production volumes from old deposits on land, offshore and deep-water. The materials used to create modern equipment that meets these trends should be distinguished by increased productivity in conditions of corrosion and high pressure, to ensure trouble-free operation. In such conditions, taking into account the necessary provision of acceptable cost indicators, there is no alternative to duplex steels. Their crystal structure simultaneously allows using the advantages of ferritic and austenitic phases. The report presents the results of using a compositional and technological methods for structure management, the rationale alloying with copper (3.0-3.3%). Application of ESR in the manufacture of steel billets of super duplex steel has demonstrated the ability to simultaneously achieve physical, chemical and structural homogeneity, ensuring high corrosion&mechanical characteristics. The thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for the formation of optimal phase steel composition are determined. Grounded heat treatment regimes, prevent the formation of sigma and psi-phase and contribute to the formation of stable intermetallides (30-300 nm). Based on the test results of “Gazprom-VNIIGAZ” LLC the new steel is recommended for the manufacture of valve bodies and in-vessel internals used in the fields, that containing H2S and CO2 up to 25% in the fluid.