bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Exposure to PM2.5 Aggravates SLE Manifestations in Lupus-Prone Mice
Authors: Yariwake Victor Yuji , Torres Janaína Iannicelli , Santos Amandda Rakell Peixoto dos , Freitas Sarah Cristina Ferreira , De Angelis Kátia , Farhat Sylvia Costa Lima , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Veras Mariana Matera
Published: December 2020

Background: Air pollution causes negative impacts on health. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations and multifactorial etiology. Recent studies suggest that air pollution can trigger SLE and induce disease activity. However, this association has not been deeply investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exacerbates SLE manifestations, focusing on renal complications, in a lupus-prone animal model. Female NZBWF1 mice were exposed daily to 600µg/m³ of inhaled concentrated ambient particles (CAP) or filtered air (FA). Survival rate, body weight, weight of organs (kidney, spleen, thymus, liver and heart), blood cell count, proteinuria, kidney stereology, renal histopathology, gene expression and oxidative stress were analyzed.Results: Female NZBW mice exposed to CAP presented decreased survival, increased circulating neutrophils, early onset of proteinuria and increased kidney weight with renal cortex enlargement when compared to NZBW mice exposed to FA.Conclusions: This work shows that air pollution aggravates some SLE manifestations in lupus-prone mice. These results reinforce the need of reducing air pollutant levels in order to promote a better quality of life for individuals diagnosed with SLE.
Application of a New Non-Invasive Skin Cholesterol Detection Technology in Atherosclerosis Screening
Authors: Ni Jingshu , Hong Haiou , Zhang Yang , Tang Shiqi , Han Yongsheng , Fang Zhaohui , Zhang Yuanzhi , Zhou Nan , Wang Quanfu , Liu Yong , Li Zhongsheng , Wang YiKun , dong meili
Published: December 2020

Background: Establishing a high-accuracy and non-invasive method is essential for evaluating cardiovascular disease. Skin cholesterol is a novel marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and can be used as an independent risk factor for early assessment of atherosclerotic risk.Methods: we propose a non-invasive skin cholesterol detection method based on absorption spectroscopy. Detection reagents specifically bind to skin cholesterol and react with indicator to produce colored products, the skin cholesterol content can be obtained through absorption spectrum information of colored products detected by noninvasive technology. Gas chromatography is used to measure cholesterol extracted from the skin to verify the accuracy of the noninvasive test method. A total of 163 subjects were divided into normal group(n=58), disease group (n=26) and risk group(n=79). All subjects underwent noninvasive skin cholesterol test. The diagnostic accuracy of the measured value was analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: The proposed method is able to identify porcine skin containing gradient concentration of cholesterol and the values measured by non-invasive detection method were significantly correlated with gas chromatography measured results (r=0.9074, n=73, p<0.001). We further evaluated the method on patients with atherosclerosis and high risk population as well as normal group, patients and high risk atherosclerosis group exhibited higher skin cholesterol content than normal group (all P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Disease group was 0.8243(95% confidence interval, 0.7165 to 0.9321), however, the area under the ROC curve for distinguishing Normal/Risk group was 0.8488(95% confidence interval, 0.7793 to 0.9182). Conclusions: The method demonstrated its capability of detecting different concentration of skin cholesterol. This non-invasive skin cholesterol detection system may potentially be used as a risk assessment tool for atherosclerosis screening, especially in a large population.
Factors that influence the duration of symptom resolution in COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia: A follow up study involving 60 symptomatic cases. 
Authors: Abrahim Saro Abdella , Tessema Masresha , Ejeta Eshetu , Ahmed Mahammed , Defar Atkure , Hussen Alemayehu , Demoz Getachew , Degu Eskinder , Aseratie Mulugeta , Merga Belay , Dillnessa Enatenesh , Whiting Susan , Regassa Tegene , Duguma Derege
Published: December 2020

Background: The newly identified virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-two (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed more than a million lives worldwide since it was first recognized in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Understanding the clinical features of COVID-19 and duration for resolution of symptoms is crucial for isolation of patients and tailoring public health messaging, interventions, and policy. Therefore, this study aims to assess the median duration of COVID-19 signs and symptoms resolution and explore it’s predictors among symptomatic COVID-19 patients in EthiopiaMethods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study involving 60 COVID-19 cases was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital, COVID-19 Isolation and Treatment Center. The study participants were all symptomatic COVID-19 adult patients admitted to the hospital from March 18 to June 27, 2020. Physicians at the center recorded the data using a log sheet. Cox proportional-hazards regression model was conducted. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. All analyses were done using STATA version 16.1 software.Results: A total of 60 symptomatic COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 34.8 years (+1.8) were involved in the study. The median duration of symptom resolution of COVID-19 was seven days with a minimum of two and a maximum of 68 days. Sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were statistically significant predictors of the symptom resolution. The hazard of having delayed sign or symptom resolution in males was 55% higher than in females (P=0.039, CI: 0.22 to 0.96) and the hazard of the delayed sign or symptom in those with BMI ≥25 was 48% higher than in those with BMI <25 (P=0.051; CI: 0.272 to 1.003). In this study, age and comorbidity had no association with the duration of sign or symptom resolution in COVID-19 patients.Conclusions: The median duration of COVID-19 symptom resolution was seven days. Being male or having a BMI ≥ 25 were predictors for having a delayed sign or symptom resolution time. Therefore, understanding the duration of COVID-19 sign or symptom resolution helps to guide the patient isolation period and prioritize COVID-19 patients to be shielded.
Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources
Authors: Zilberman M.
Published: December 2020

The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons.Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations.a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy.b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction.c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction.d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible.e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?”* If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models.* If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.
Health care provided to recent asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking pediatric patients in 2016 and 2017 at a Swiss tertiary hospital - a retrospective study
Authors: Brandenberger Julia , Pohl Christian , Vogt Florian , Tylleskär Thorkild , Ritz Nicole
Published: December 2020

Background Asylum-seeking children represent an increasing and vulnerable group of patients whose health needs are largely unmet. Data on the health care provision to asylum-seeking children in European contexts is scarce. In this study we compare the health care provided to recent asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking children at a Swiss tertiary hospital. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study in a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Basel, Switzerland. All patients and visits from January 2016 to December 2017 were identified, using administrative and medical electronic health records. The asylum-seeking status was systematically assessed and the patients were allocated accordingly in the two study groups. Results A total of 202,316 visits by 55,789 patients were included, of which asylum-seeking patients accounted for 1674 (1%) visits by 439 (1%) individuals. The emergency department recorded the highest number of visits in both groups with a lower proportion in asylum-seeking compared to non-asylum-seeking children: 19% (317/1674) and 32% (64,315/200,642) respectively. The median number of visits per patient was 1 (IQR 1-2) in the asylum-seeking and 2 (IQR 1-4) in the non-asylum-seeking children. Hospital admissions were more common in asylum-seeking compared to non-asylum-seeking patients with 11% (184/1674) and 7% (14,692/200,642). Frequent visits (>15 visits per patient) accounted for 48% (807/1674) of total visits in asylum-seeking and 25% (49,886/200,642) of total visits in non-asylum-seeking patients. Conclusions Hospital visits by asylum-seeking children represented a small proportion of all visits. The emergency department had the highest number of visits in all patients but was less frequently used by asylum-seeking children. Frequent care suggests that asylum-seeking patients also present with more complex diseases. Further studies are needed, focusing on asylum-seeking children with medical complexity.
An analysis of perioperative hidden blood loss in femoral intertrochanteric fractures: Bone density is an important influencing factor
Authors: Cui Haidong , Chen Kai , Lv Shujun , Yuan Chaoqun , Wang Youhua
Published: December 2020

Background To explore the influencing factors of perioperative hidden blood loss in intertrochanteric fractures. Method We undertook a retrospective analysis from January 2016 to October 2019. Clinical data of 118 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were included. Hidden blood loss was calculated from the haematocrit changes before and after surgery using the Gross equation based on height, weight, and haematocrit (HCT) changes before and after surgery. Patients’ gender, age, presence of underlying diseases, fracture types, anaesthesia methods, time from injury to surgery, administration of antiplatelet drugs within 6 months before surgery, use of anticoagulant drugs after surgery, and bone density were statistically analysed. Factors having an effect on hidden blood loss were screened out. Then, hidden blood loss was used as the dependent variable, and each influencing factor was used in turn as the independent variable. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to analyse the related risk factors that affect hidden blood loss during the perioperative period of patients with intertrochanteric fractures. Result The apparent blood loss during the operation was 203.81 ±105. 51 ml, and the hidden blood loss was 517.55±191.47 ml. There were significant differences in the hidden blood loss of patients with different fracture types (stable vs unstable), anaesthesia methods (general anaesthesia vs intraspinal anaesthesia), antiplatelet or postoperative anticoagulant drugs, and bone densities (P<0.05). 05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that internal fixation, age, fracture type, anaesthesia method, anticoagulant application, and bone density were related risk factors that affected hidden blood loss during the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Conclusion Hidden blood loss is the main cause of perioperative blood loss in intertrochanteric fractures, and the risk factors for hidden blood loss include internal fixation, fracture type (e.g., unstable), anaesthesia (e.g., intraspinal), and use of anticoagulant drugs. Specifically, we found that low bone density was a risk factor for hidden blood loss. It is not reliable to use apparent blood loss as the basis for fluid replacement and transfusion. We must fully consider the existence of hidden blood loss and intervene as soon as possible to prevent complications.
Social support status and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming city,China
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Xiao Wen , Liao Bin , Liang Jun , He Wen Jie , Liu Jun , Yang Yao , Zhang Yun Hai , Ma Tao , Wang Jing Ying
Published: December 2020

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS not only require effective treatment for the alleviation of physical discomfort but also require social support to help them address difficulties in life and relieve their psychological anxiety and uneasiness. The social support network is of tremendous importance in helping people living with HIV/AIDS maintain good physical and mental health. This study aims to analyse the social support status among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming and explore associated factors.Method: The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using convenience sampling to select people living with HIV/AIDS from 14 counties of Kunming. It collected information on general demographic information and social support status. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associated factors.Results: A total of 990 valid questionnaires were completed. Data from all participants were analysed. Univariate analysis suggested that the factors associated with social support may include marital status, monthly income, and antiretroviral therapy. On the other hand, factors including monthly income and antiretroviral therapy accounted for the social support total score in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kunming was generally low. This study identified a number of factors associated with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS. Based on our findings, appropriate interventions should be introduced to provide social support for those living with HIV/AIDS.
Homology analysis between clinically isolated extraintestinal and enteral Klebsiella pneumoniae among Neonates
Authors: Chen Chun-mei , Wang Min , Li Xian-ping , Li Peng-ling , Tian Jing-jing , Zhang Kan , Luo Can
Published: December 2020

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-associated (HA) infections. It has been reported that gastrointestinal colonization (GI) is likely to be a common and significant reservoir for the transmission and infections of K. pneumoniae in both adults and neonates. However, the homologous relationship between clinically isolated extraintestinal and enteral K. pneumoniae in neonates hasn’t been characterized yet.Results: 43 isolates from 21 neonatal patients were collected in this study. The proportion of carbapenem resistance was 62.8%. There were 12 patients (12/21, 57.4%) whose antibiotic resistance phenotypes, genotypes, and ST types (STs) were concordant. Six sequence types were detected using MLST, with ST37 and ST54 being the dominant types. The results of MLST were consist with the results of PFGE.Conclusions: These data showed that there might be a close homologous relationship between extraintestinal K. pneumoniae (EXKP) and enteral K. pneumoniae (EKP) in neonates，indicating that the K. pneumoniae from the GI tract is possibly to be a significant reservoir for causing extraintestinal infections.
Pediatric Resident’s Perception of Night Float System Compared to 24 Hours System, a Prospective Study
Authors: Alsohime Fahad , Alkhalaf Hamad , Almuzini Hissah , Alyahya Malak , Allhidan Reema , Assiry Ghadeer , AlSalman Munirah , Alshuaibi Walaa , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alakeel Abdullah , Aleyadhy Ayman
Published: December 2020

Background: The study aims to evaluate the perceptions of pediatric residents under the night float (NF) on-call system and its impact on well-being, education, and patient safety compared with the traditional 24-hour on-call system.Methods: The study is prospective in nature and conducted on two pediatric resident training centers who apply the NF on-call system as a pilot project. Senior residents (PGY-3 and PGY-4) enrolled in the two training centers were invited to participate before and six months after the implementation of the change in the on-call system. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed. Responses were rated using a five-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). The items covered three main domains, namely, residents’ well-being, ability to deliver healthcare, and medical education experience. Pre- and post-intervention scores were presented as means and compared by t-test for paired samples.Results: A total of 42 residents participated in the survey (female = 24; 57.1%). All participants were senior residents; 25 (59.6%) were third-year residents (PGY-3), whereas 17 (40.4%) were fourth-year residents (PGY-4). The participants reported that many aspects of the three domains were improved with the introduction of the NF system. The system was perceived to exert less adverse health effect on the residents (mean: 2.37 ± 1.01) compared with the 24-hour on-call system (mean: 4.19 ± 0.60; P ˂ 0.001). In addition, the NF system was perceived to lead to less exposure to personal harm and result in less negative impact on quality of care, better work efficiency, reduced potential for medical errors, more successful teaching, and less disruptions to other rotations compared with the 24 hour on-call system (P ˂ 0.001).Conclusion: The perception of senior residents toward the 24-hour on-call system pertains to negative impacts on well-being, education, and patient safety compared with on-call systems with restrictive duty hours, such as the NF system, which is perceived to be less harmful, to exert positive impacts on the quality of delivered healthcare services, and more useful from pedagogic aspect.Trial registration: Not applicable
The effect of primary granulocyte-colony stimulating factor prophylaxis on the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients with testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Hapakova Nikola , Chovanec Michal , Rejlekova Katarina , Kalavska Katarina , Obertova Jana , Palacka Patrik , De Angelis Valentina , Světlovská Daniela , Sycova-Mila Zuzana , Mardiak Jozef , Mego Michal
Published: December 2020

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common solid malignancy in men 15-35 years old. Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious complication of chemotherapy, frequently occurring in GCT patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of primary granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis on the incidence of FN in GCT patients. Methods: This study was conducted from medical records database of GCTs patients treated with first line/adjuvant chemotherapy from January 2000 to December 2017. Starting in January 2006, patients received G-CSF prophylaxis after every cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Out of 385 patients, 264 patients received primary G-CSF prophylaxis and 121 patients did not receive prophylaxis. During the study period, 71 patients (18.4%) suffered FN events. Out of 121 patients who did not receive primary prophylaxis, 42 patients suffered FN, while only 29 patients with primary prophylaxis suffered FN (34.7% vs 11.0%, P = 0.00000003). On subgroup analysis, FN incidence decreased in all groups with primary prophylaxis, except for patients with stage I GCT receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients receiving G-CSF prophylaxis had significantly longer overall survival when compared to patients without prophylaxis. (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P = 0.0235).Conclusions: Primary G-CSF prophylaxis was associated with significantly decreased FN incidence in patients treated with first line chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Patients receiving G-CSF prophylaxis had significantly longer overall survival. We suggest, that primary G-CSF prophylaxis should be considered in GCT patients receiving first line chemotherapy.
Diversity and plant growth-promoting potential of (un)culturable bacteria in the Hedera helix phylloplane
Authors: Stevens Vincent , Thijs Sofie , Vangronsveld Jaco
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA diverse community of microbes naturally exists on the phylloplane, the surface of leaves. It is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth and bacteria are the most abundant members, living in a community that is highly dynamic. While culture-independent approaches greatly increased our knowledge of microbial communities such as the phylloplane, one of the challenges for microbiologists today remains to develop strategies to culture the vast diversity of microorganisms.ResultsWe isolated bacteria from the phylloplane of Hedera helix (common ivy), a widespread evergreen that constitutes an excellent model for studying the phylloplane in the field, using the growth media LB, LB01, YMA, YFlour and YEx. We also included a comparison with the uncultured phylloplane, which contained the highest intra-sample (alpha) diversity. Inter-sample (beta) diversity shifts from LB and LB01 containing the highest amount of resources to YMA and YFlour which are more selective, and YEx which is more limited but also more varied in resources. We show the H. helix phylloplane is dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Further, all growth media more or less equally favored Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes could only be found on LB01, YEx and YMA. LB and LB01 greatly favored Firmicutes and YFlour was most selective for Betaproteobacteria. At genus level, LB favored the growth of Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, while YFlour was most selective for Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) profile that we obtained by testing 200 isolates constitutes an important first step to find candidates with advantageous traits within microbe-assisted approaches. Our isolation effort also resulted in a significant collection of bacterial strains underrepresented in public databases, mostly from the phylum Actinobacteria.ConclusionsThis study contributes as a case study of bacterial culturability including an evaluation of five different growth media, a comparison with the uncultured H. helix phylloplane community and its relation with functional characteristics such as PGP potential which help us to understand the putative ecological and functional role of microbial members living in the phylloplane.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2 (MTCH2) Suppresses Tumor Invasion and Enhances Sensitivity to Temozolomide in Malignant Glioma
Authors: Yuan Qiuyun , Yang Wanchun , Zhang Shuxin , Li Tengfei , Zuo Mingrong , Zhou Xingwang , Li Junhong , Li Mao , Xia Xiaoqiang , Chen Mina , Liu Yanhui
Published: December 2020

Background: Malignant glioma exerts a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOs) to aerobic glycolysis, with suppressed mitochondrial functions. This phenomenon offers a proliferation advantage to tumor cells and decrease mitochondria-dependent cell death. However, the underlying mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in glioma is not well elucidated. MTCH2 is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that regulates mitochondrial metabolism and related cell death. This study aims to clarify the role of MTCH2 in glioma.Methods: Bioinformatic analysis from TCGA and CGGA databases were used to investigate the association of MTCH2 with glioma malignancy and clinical significance. The expression of MTCH2 was verified from clinical specimens using real-time PCR and western blots in our cohorts. siRNA-mediated MTCH2 knockdown were used to assess the biological functions of MTCH2 in glioma progression, including cell invasion and temozolomide-induced cell death. Biochemical investigations of mitochondrial and cellular signaling alternations were performed to detect the mechanism by which MTCH2 regulates glioma malignancy.Results: Bioinformatic data from public database and our cohort showed that MTCH2 expression was closely associated with glioma malignancy and poor patient survival. Silencing of MTCH2 expression impaired cell migration/invasion and enhanced temozolomide sensitivity of human glioma cells. Mechanistically, MTCH2 knockdown may increase mitochondrial OXPHOs and thus oxidative damage, decreased migration/invasion pathways, and repressed pro-survival AKT signaling.Conclusion: Our work establishes the relationship between MTCH2 expression and glioma malignancy, and provides a potential target for future interventions.
The association between retinal vessel abnormalities and H-type hypertension
Authors: Huang Kuankuan , Zhang Zhixiang , Huang Shan , Jia Yanwen , Zhang Min , Yun Wenwei
Published: December 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between H-type hypertension and retinal vessel abnormalities.Methods: Hypertensive patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. According to plasma homocysteine (HCY), patients were divided into isolated hypertension and H-type hypertension groups. The diameter of retinal vessels and retinopathy were evaluated by retinal fundus photography. The differences of retinal vessel abnormalities between H-type hypertension and isolated hypertension were investigated by univariate and multivariate regression.Results: A total of 191 hypertensive patients were included, of which 86 were with isolated hypertension and 105 with H-type hypertension. The H-type hypertension group had a higher ratio of retinopathy(P=0.004) and higher degree of retinal arteriosclerosis (P=0.005) than the isolated hypertension group. CRAE (107.47±13.99mm vs. 113.49±11.72mm, P=0.002) and AVR (0.55±0.06 vs. 0.58±0.06, P=0.001) were smaller in H-type hypertension group than those in isolated hypertension group. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, course of hypertension and diabetes, H-type hypertension was an independent risk factor of retinopathy (OR, 2.259; 95%CI, 1.165—4.378; P=0.016), CRAE (β=-5.669; 95%CI, -9.452—-1.886; P=0.004), and AVR (β=-0.023; 95%CI, -0.039—-0.007; P=0.005).Conclusion: H-type hypertension is closely related to more retinal vessel abnormalities than isolated hypertension. Controlling H-type hypertension may reduce the risk of small vascular damage.
Internal fixation of anterior acetabular fractures with a limited pararectus approach and the anatomical plates: preliminary results
Authors: Yao Sheng , Chen Kaifang , Zhu Fengzhao , Liu Jia , Wang Yulong , Zeng Lian , Wan Yizhou , Qu Yanzhen , Yang Liang , Yang Xu , Guo Xiaodong
Published: December 2020

Background The surgical treatment of acetabular fracture has adverse outcomes and high risk, and minimally invasive method is a good way to reduce complications and improve hip joint function. This study is to investigate the treatment of certain acetabular fractures primarily involving the anterior column and quadrilateral plate using a limited pararectus approach and the anatomical plates. Methods A consecutive cohort of 17 patients with anterior displaced acetabular fractures were managed operatively with a limited approach and the anatomical plates. Ten patients had anterior column fractures, 1 patient had anterior wall fracture, 4 patients had transverse fractures and 2 patients had anterior column with posterior hemi-transverse fractures. The inferior half of the pararectus approach was adopted to open the medial window and to access the anterior column and the quadrilateral plate. The anatomical plates were used for internal fixation. Residual displacements were assessed on the postoperative CT scans using a standardized digital method. The surgical details, hip functional outcomes, and complications were noted. Results All of the patients were operated using the limited pararectus approach and the anatomical plates successfully. The mean operative time and blood loss were 90.9 minutes and 334.1 ml, respectively. The average postoperative residual gap and step displacement on CT were 2.9 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The radiological outcome was estimated according to the Matta score, ten of the cases were graded anatomical, six were graded imperfect, and one was graded poor. Follow up averaged 15 months. Functional outcomes were excellent for nine, good for six, and fair for two. It was noted that one case of peritoneal injury was repaired intraoperatively.Conclusions The limited pararectus approach with the advantages of less trauma, direct exposure to the anterior column and quadrilateral plate. The anatomical plates can fit with the surface of the acetabulum, which saves the time of remodeling plates during operation and facilitate fracture reduction. The combination approach can be a good choice for limited surgery of displaced anterior acetabular fractures especially involving the quadrilateral plate.
Genome-wide identification of GH3 genes in Brassica oleracea and identification of a promoter region for anther-specific expression of a GH3 gene
Authors: Jeong Jiseong , Park Sunhee , Im Jeong Hui , Yi Hankuil
Published: December 2020

Background: The Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) genes encode acyl acid amido synthetases, many of which have been shown to modulate the amount of active plant hormones or their precursors. GH3 genes, especially Group Ⅲ subgroup 6 GH3 genes, and their expression patterns in economically important B. oleracea var. oleracea have not been systematically identified. Results: As a first step to understand regulation and molecular functions of Group Ⅲ subgroup 6 GH3 genes, 34 GH3 genes including four subgroup 6 genes were identified in B. oleracea var. oleracea. Synteny found around subgroup 6 GH3 genes in B. oleracea var. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that these genes are evolutionarily related. Although expression of four subgroup 6 GH3 genes in B. oleracea var. oleracea is not induced by auxin, gibberellic acid, or jasmonic acid, the genes show different organ-dependent expression patterns. Among subgroup 6 GH3 genes in B. oleracea var. oleracea, only BoGH3.13-1 is expressed in anthers when microspores, polarized microspores, and bicellular pollens are present, similar to two out of four syntenic A. thaliana subgroup 6 GH3 genes. Detailed analyses of promoter activities further showed that BoGH3.13-1 is expressed in tapetal cells and pollens in anther, and also expressed in leaf primordia and floral abscission zones. Conclusions: Sixty-two base pairs (bp) region (-340 ~ -279 bp upstream from start codon) and about 450 bp region (-1489 to -1017 bp) in BoGH3.13-1 promoter are important for expressions in anther and expressions in leaf primordia and floral abscission zones, respectively. The identified anther-specific promoter region can be used to develop male sterile transgenic Brassica plants.
Remoção cirúrgica de lipoma por acesso pré-auricular
Authors: Boscaine Evelyn de Freitas , Mendonça José Carlos Garcia de , Paiva-Oliveira Janayna Gomes , Pelissaro Gustavo Silva , Herculano Aline Bergman de Souza , Figueiredo Francielly Thomas , Castillo Daisilene Baena , Gaetti-Jardim Ellen Cristina
Published: December 2020

Os lipomas são tumores benignos do tecido adiposo mais frequentes no tronco e nas extremidades do corpo, com incidência baixa na região orofacial. Clinicamente apresentam-se com lesão única ou lobular, assintomático, com crescimento lento, de base séssil, bem delimitados e macios, com coloração amarelada quando mais superficiais, a rósea em regiões mais profundas. O trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de lipoma pré-auricular em um paciente de sexo masculino, leucoderma encaminhado ao Serviço de Residência Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul queixando-se de dor na região. O tratamento foi cirúrgico sob anestesia geral, com acesso cirúrgico pré-auricular e exérese total da peça para análise histopatológica. O paciente segue em acompanhamento de 6 meses sem queixas ou alterações funcionais configurando até o momento o sucesso da terapêutica empregada. 
Descritores: Lipoma; Neoplasias; Biópsia.
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Mello DF, Manica MZ, Helene AJ. Lipomas gigantes: Séries de 14 casos. Rev Bras Cir Plast. 2015;30(1):33-7.
METASTATIC MULTIPLE PRIMARY GASTROINTESTINAL MELANOMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kostromitsky D. N. , Dobrodeev A. Yu. , Afanasyev S. G. , Li N. A. , Vasilyev N. V. , Podyablonsky A. S.
Published: December 2020

Primary gastrointestinal melanoma is a rare tumor with a frequency of 1 new case per 5–7 years. Over the past 100 years, there have been no more than 25 reported cases of primary melanoma of the stomach and colon. The rarity of the disease and nonspecific clinical features pose diagnostic challenges. The tumor is characterized by an aggressive growth and early metastasis. Case description. We present a rare clinical case of primary gastrointestinal melanoma with metastatic involvement of the adrenal glands, liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Conclusion. To date, treatment standards for primary gastrointestinal melanoma have not been developed and are the subject of debate. However, palliative chemotherapy used for the treatment of primary skin melanoma may lead to disease stabilization in patients with gastrointestinal melanoma.
THE PRESENCE OF VARIOUS POPULATIONS OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS IN THE BLOOD OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS BEFORE TREATMENT: ASSOCIATION WITH FIVE-YEAR METASTASIS-FREE SURVIVAL
Authors: Kaigorodova E. V. , Tarabanovskaya N. A. , Surkova P. V. , Zelchan R. V. , Garbukov E. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Localized and metastatic tumors are known to lead to the formation of circulating tumor cell (CTC ) clusters in the blood. Currently, there is a heightened interest in the study of molecular and biological characteristics of CTC s. Recent studies have shown the presence of different populations of CTC s in the blood of cancer patients. Some cells are cancer stem cells, some tumor cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and most CTC s do not have features of either stem cells or EMT.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the five-year metastasis-free survival rate in patients with invasive breast carcinoma, depending on the presence of various populations of circulating tumor cells in the blood before treatment.

Material and Methods. A prospective study included 47 patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer (T1–4N0–3M0), who were treated at Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center. The patients aged 31 to 69 years. The presence of different populations of CTC s in the blood of patients before treatment was determined by multicolor flow cytometry on the BD FACS Canto system, using different fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies to EpCam, CD 45, CD 44, CD 24, and N-cadherin. Five-year metastasis-free survival was evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method. The differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results. The results obtained demonstrated that the presence of both stem-like and non-stem CTC s showing signs of EMT with Epcam+CD 45-CD 44-CD 24-Ncadherin+, Epcam+CD 45-CD 44+CD 24-Ncadherin+, and Epcam(m)- CD 45-CD 44+CD 24-Ncadherin+ phenotypes in the blood of breast cancer patients before  treatment reduced the five-year metastasis-free survival rate (p=0.0016, p=0.017 and p=0.011, respectively).

Conclusion. Thus, CTC s in the EMT state are informative for liquid biopsy to assess the risk of hematogenous metastasis and can be considered as targets for selection of personalized chemotherapy.
ASSOCIATION OF NKT- AND ACTIVATED CD25+ PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES WITH DISEASE FREE AND OVERALL SURVIVAL OF TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Chertkova A. I. , Slavina E. G. , Zabotina T. N. , Kadagidze Z. G. , Shoua E. K. , Gordeeva O. O. , Kolyadina I. V. , Zhukova L. G. , Gan’shina I. P. , Meshcheryakov A. A.
Published: December 2020

Background. We previously found that a decrease in the number of NKT cells and activated CD 25+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with an increased likelihood of disease progression in patients with locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TN BC).

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the initial number of NKT-and CD 25+ PBLs and relapsefree survival (RFS)/overall survival (OS ) in patients with TN BC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel followed by surgery.

Material and Methods. The study included patients with stage II and III TN BC. The follow-up time was 36 and 66.9 months. Immediately before chemotherapy, the percentage of CD 3+CD 16+CD 56+ (NKT) -, CD 25+- and CD 8+ PBLs was determined by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Statistics 7 software package. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the relationship between immunological parameters and RFS/ OS .

Results. The decreased level of NKT cells before treatment was associated with a decrease in the 3-year RFS [Me: 20.1 (0.533 and 39.7) months] compared to that observed in patients with higher percentage of these cells than in the control (Me was not achieved). There were no statistically significant differences in the 3-year OS between the groups. The initially reduced number of CD 25+ lymphocytes in comparison with the control was associated with decreased rates of both RFS and OS . The difference in DFS and OS was more significant between the groups of patients who simultaneously had an increased initial number of both NKT and CD 25+ cells and patients in whom both cell populations were below normal levels.

Conclusion. The initial (prior to chemotherapy) number of NKT and activated CD 25+ PBLs can apparently be a predictive factor in TN BC patients, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF EHRLICH SOLID CARCINOMA IN BALB/C MOUSE STRAIN WITH VARIOUS TUMOR LOCALIZATION
Authors: Kruglov S. S. , Gelfond M. L. , Tyndyk M. L. , Maydin M. A. , Grishacheva T. G. , Basina R. M. , Gubareva E. A. , Plakhov E. A. , Kireeva G. S. , Panchenko A. V.
Published: December 2020

Background. Photodynamic Therapy is one of the treatment methods used in modern oncology. Evaluation of the efficacy in vivo of photosensitizers on tumor models is generally accepted, but the photodynamic  therapy technique in mice is not without drawbacks.

The purpose of the study was evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in mice with Ehrlich tumor model after subcutaneous and intracutaneous injection of tumor cells.

Material and Methods. The study was conducted on BAL B/C mice of both sexes. Fotoditazin® and Radachlorin® were used as photosensitizers. For photoactivation, the Alod laser apparatus with a wavelength of 662 nm was used.

Results. A comparison of photodynamic therapy with subcutaneous and intracutaneous localization of Ehrlich tumor was performed. It was shown that depending on the location and depth of inoculation of Ehrlich tumor, the pharmacokinetics (both the fluorescence intensity over time and the contrast ratio of the tumor/surrounding tissue) and pharmacodynamics (tumor growth inhibition, survival) of photosensitizers are significantly different. Higher contrast of the tumor/surrounding tissue is observed with intracutaneous localization of the tumor.

Conclusion. A model with intracutaneous localization of Ehrlich tumor can be recommended for a primary assessment of efficacy; it allows the use of fewer animals in the experiment. When planning experiments to study photosensitizers and evaluating their results, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for modeling tumors in mice should be taken into account.
EFFECT OF THE MYCELIUM EXTRACT FROM DUDDINGTONIA FLAGRANS FUNGUS ON SUBCUTANEOUS XENOGRAFT OF HUMAN C33a CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: Solovieva O. I. , Zavjalov E. L. , Teplyakova T. V. , Lebedev L. R. , Razumov I A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyze the antitumor effects of the extract of mycelium from Duddingtonia flagrans (strain F-882) on xenografts of human C33a cervical cancer cells.

Material and Methods. To evaluate the antitumor effect, we used the absolute values of xenograft volumes and calculated the tumor growth inhibition and the index of tumor growth.

Results. At the first stage of the experiment, a 4-week subcutaneous injection of the water extract of F-882 resulted in an almost twofold slowdown in xenograft growth, with the tumor growth inhibition value of 50.6 %. In the second stage of the experiment, a 2.5-week subcutaneous injection followed by a 1.5-week intratumoral injection of F-882 also caused the tumor growth inhibition. After completing F-882 injections, the effect of tumor growth inhibition continued for 2.5 weeks and the tumor growth inhibition value was 58.7 %.

Conclusion. The mycelium extract F-882 was shown to have an antitumor effect on subcutaneous xenografts of human C33a cervical carcinoma cells.
TREATMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN WITH THE USE OG CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Baykalova O. I. , Belyaev A. M. , Prokhorov G. G. , Radzhabova Z. A.-G.
Published: December 2020

Background. The incidence of skin cancer has been steadily increasing worldwide. Squamous cell skin carcinoma (SCSC ) is the second most common form of epithelial cancer. Treatment of SCSC remains a challenge, and the 10-year survival rate does not exceed 20 % in patients with regional lymph node  metastases and 10 % in patients with distant metastases.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes in SCSC patients using modern cryogenic technologies.

Material and Methods. Between 2013 and 2019, 64 patients with SCSC were treated at N.N. Petrov Research Center for Oncology (St. Petersburg, Russia). All patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 32 patients who underwent cryosurgery. Group II comprised 32 patients who underwent conventional surgery.

Results. No significant differences in the treatment outcomes between Group I and Group II patients were found. Cryosurgery has several advantages over other surgical modalities. The duration of surgery was shortened by an average of 54 %. Cryosurgery is less invasive than surgery; therefore, pain and bleeding are minimized. The procedure was well tolerated by all patients. According to the «VAS » scale, the intensity of the pain syndrome in the first day after surgery was 70 % lower in Group I than in Group II . In Group I patients, the length of hospital stay was shortened by 7–9 days (57 %), and postoperative complications were not observed. In Group II , local complications were noted in 3 (9.4 %) patients. Cryosurgery was proven effective in 40.6% of elderly patients with the Charlson Comorbidity Index of more than 7 points, to whom palliative therapy is usually recommended.

Conclusion. Cryosurgery for patients with SCSC was safe and did not cause any negative impact on the immediate and long-term treatment outcomes. Cryosurgery is a method of choice in the treatment of patients with a comorbidity.
A PROTEÇÃO JURÍDICA CULTURAL AFRO-BRASILEIRA A PARTIR DO JOGO DA CAPOEIRA
Authors: Dos Santos Luana Marina
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar, a partir da arte da capoeira, em que medida a proteção da vida cultural afro-brasileira se encontra efetivamente garantida por meio dos dispositivos previstos tanto no ordenamento jurídico interno, quanto nos pactos internacionais dos quais o Brasil seja parte. Para isso, utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, aliado ao levantamento bibliográfico e documental. A hipótese que se apresenta é a de que as normativas vigentes relativas tanto à salvaguarda da vida cultural africana, quanto à promoção da capoeira no Brasil, existem, porém, ainda pendentes de efetivação integral. Os resultados do estudo apontam para o fato de que estas leis, ainda que existentes, além de não serem suficientemente eficazes, não correspondem ao verdadeiro resgate da memória social e a construção identitária cultural do povo africano no Brasil.