bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hematology and biochemistry of critically endangered radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata): Reference intervals in previously confiscated subadults and variability based on common techniques
Authors: Brenn-White Maris , Raphael Bonnie L. , Rakotoarisoa Ny Aina Tiana , Deem Sharon L.
Published: March 2022

Madagascar’s radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) are critically endangered, threatened by illegal collection, and confiscated in alarming numbers in recent years. Robust population- and technique-specific hematology and biochemistry reference intervals are valuable yet heretofore missing tools for triage, rehabilitation, and reintroduction of confiscated radiated tortoises. We determined reference intervals in 120 previously confiscated, clinically healthy subadult radiated tortoises living under human care within their native habitat at the Tortoise Conservation Center (TCC). Specific analytes measured were manual packed cell volume, total solids, white blood cell (WBC) count and differentials, and biochemistry analytes using a point of care system. To evaluate the effects of different commonly used techniques on these analytes, we compared results between two venipuncture sites (subcarapacial sinus and brachial vein) and three different WBC quantification methods (Natt and Herrick, Leukopet, and slide estimate). Reference intervals were narrower for most analytes, and sodium and potassium were qualitatively higher in the TCC population compared to previously published values from radiated tortoises housed in North American institutions. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose and inorganic phosphorus were all significantly greater in brachial samples than in subcarapacial samples. There was poor agreement and evidence of constant and/or proportional bias between all WBC quantification methods. Differences based on time of sample collection were incidentally found in some analytes. These results highlight the need for considering technique, demographic, and environmental factors in creating and applying reference intervals, and contribute foundational knowledge for improving care of radiated tortoises throughout the confiscation-to-release pathway.
Influence of habitat complexity on the prey mortality in IGP system involving insect predators (Heteroptera) and prey (Diptera): Implications in biological control
Authors: Brahma Shreya , Sharma Dipendra , Banerjee Sampa , Saha Goutam K. , Aditya Gautam
Published: March 2022

Intraguild predation (IGP) is common in the freshwater insect communities, involving a top predator, intraguild prey (IG prey) and a shared prey. Influence of the habitat complexity on the prey-predator interactions is well established through several studies. In the present instance, the IGP involving the heteropteran predators and the dipteran prey were assessed in the background of the habitat complexity. The three predatorsDiplonychus rusticus,Ranatra filiformis, andLaccotrephes griseus, one intraguild preyAnisops bouvieriand two dipteran preyCulex quinquefasciatusandChironomussp. were used in different relative density against the complex habitat conditions to deduce the impact on the mortality on the prey. In comparison to the open conditions, the presence of the macrophytes and pebbles reduced the mortality of the shared prey under intraguild system as well as single predator system. The mortality of the shared prey was however dependent on the density of the predator and prey. Considering the shared prey mortality, predation on mosquito larvae was always higher in single predator system than chironomid larvae irrespective of identity and density of predators. However, for both the shared prey, complexity of habitat reduced the prey vulnerability in comparison to the simple habitat condition. Higher observed prey consumption depicts the higher risk to predation of shared prey, though the values varied with habitat conditions. Mortality of IG prey (A.bouvieri) in IGP system followed the opposite trend of the shared prey. The lower mortality in simple habitat and higher mortality in complex habitat conditions was observed for the IG prey, irrespective of shared prey and predator density. In IGP system, the shared prey mortality was influenced by the habitat conditions, with more complex habitat reducing the vulnerability of the shared prey and increased mortality of the IG prey. This implies that the regulation of the mosquitoes, in the IGP system will be impeded by the habitat conditions, with the heteropteran predators as the top predator.
Investigation of the transient heat transfer to a supersonic air jet impinging on a high-temperature plate based on a discrimination-experiment method
Authors: Gao Ming-Xin , Yang Jian , Zhang Yue , Song Hua
Published: March 2022

A discrimination-experiment method is developed to investigate the transient heat transfer of air jet impingement by discretizing the solid domain into mutually adiabatic test cylinders. This method can not only reduce the influence of the transverse heat transfer of a solid domain on the heat transfer characteristics of the jet but can also simplify the two-dimensional or three-dimensional heat conduction problem into a one-dimensional problem. Moreover, the discrimination-experiment method eliminates the embedment of thermocouples into the solid domains, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. The transient heat transfer characteristics of a supersonic air jet impinging on a high-temperature target (860°C) and the effects of thermo physical parameters, such as the density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and nozzle-to-target distance (H/D = 3, 4, and 5) are analyzed in detail using the discrimination-experiment method. The results provide important guidance for the thermal design of supersonic air jet impingement.
vWCluster: Vector-valued optimal transport for network based clustering using multi-omics data in breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Jiening , Oh Jung Hun , Deasy Joseph O. , Tannenbaum Allen R.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present a network-based clustering method, called vector Wasserstein clustering (vWCluster), based on the vector-valued Wasserstein distance derived from optimal mass transport (OMT) theory. This approach allows for the natural integration of multi-layer representations of data in a given network from which one derives clusters via a hierarchical clustering approach. In this study, we applied the methodology to multi-omics data from the two largest breast cancer studies. The resultant clusters showed significantly different survival rates in Kaplan-Meier analysis in both datasets. CIBERSORT scores were compared among the identified clusters. Out of the 22 CIBERSORT immune cell types, 9 were commonly significantly different in both datasets, suggesting the difference of tumor immune microenvironment in the clusters. vWCluster can aggregate multi-omics data represented as a vectorial form in a network with multiple layers, taking into account the concordant effect of heterogeneous data, and further identify subgroups of tumors in terms of mortality.
Effect of stimulation time on the expression of human macrophage polarization markers
Authors: Unuvar Purcu Duygu , Korkmaz Asli , Gunalp Sinem , Helvaci Derya Goksu , Erdal Yonca , Dogan Yavuz , Suner Asli , Wingender Gerhard , Sag Duygu
Published: March 2022

Macrophages are highly plastic cells that can polarize into functionally distinct subsetsin vivoandin vitroin response to environmental signals. The development of protocols to model macrophage polarizationin vitrogreatly contributes to our understanding of macrophage biology. Macrophages are divided into two main groups: Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (classically activated) and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (alternatively activated), based on several key surface markers and the production of inflammatory mediators. However, the expression of these common macrophage polarization markers is greatly affected by the stimulation time used. Unfortunately, there is no consensus yet regarding the optimal stimulation times for particular macrophage polarization markers inin vitroexperiments. This situation is problematic, (i) as analysing a particular marker at a suboptimal time point can lead to false-negative results, and (ii) as it clearly impedes the comparison of different studies. Using human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs)in vitro, we analysed how the expression of the main polarization markers for M1 (CD64, CD86, CXCL9, CXCL10, HLA-DR, IDO1, IL1β, IL12, TNF), M2a (CD200R, CD206, CCL17, CCL22, IL-10, TGM2), and M2c (CD163, IL-10, TGFβ) macrophages changes over time at mRNA and protein levels. Our data establish the most appropriate stimulation time for the analysis of the expression of human macrophage polarization markersin vitro. Providing such a reference guide will likely facilitate the investigation of macrophage polarization and its reproducibility.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of long non-coding RNA EWSAT1 in human cancers: A review and meta analysis
Authors: Wen Jian , Li Haima , Li Dongdong , Dong Xieping
Published: March 2022

Background

Ewing sarcoma-associated transcript 1 (lncRNA EWSAT1) is reported to have a close relationship with the overall survival in many cancers. However, the role of its prognosis and correlations with the clinicopathological features in different cancers haven’t been explored yet. Herein, we intend to assess the prognostic value and correlations with the clinicopathological features in several cancers.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library were searched for literature review from inception to October 25, 2021. Valid data was extracted to make forest and sensitivity analysis plots using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata software. Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the relationship between different expression of EWSAT1 and patients’ prognosis and clinicopathological features.

Results

7 studies were screened for this review, including 550 samples. Meta-analysis showed that high expression of lncRNA EWSAT1 was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.10, 95% CI, 1.60–2.75, p < 0.0001) in cancers reported. In addition, patients in high expression group of EWAST1 tended to have more metastasis (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.47–3.31, p = 0.0001), and higher TNM stage (I+II vs. III: OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.56, p < 0.0001), but in the same time with higher differentiation (well + moderate vs. Poor: OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.02–4.76, p = 0.04). Age (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.94–2.30, p = 0.09) was not significantly different in patients with aberrant expression of EWSAT1.

Conclusions

Our study shows that high expression of EWSAT1 may indicate poor overall survival and associated with several clinicopathological features, which can be used as a potential prognosis biomarker for multiple cancers.
Feasibility of wireless continuous monitoring of vital signs without using alarms on a general surgical ward: A mixed methods study
Authors: Leenen Jobbe P. L. , Rasing Henriëtte J. M. , van Dijk Joris D. , Kalkman Cor J. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Patijn Gijs A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Wireless continuous vital sign monitoring by wearable devices have recently become available for patients on general wards to promote timely detection of clinical deterioration. Many continuous monitoring systems use conventional threshold alarm settings to alert nurses in case of deviating vital signs. However, frequent false alarms often lead to alarm fatigue and inefficiencies in the workplace. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of continuous vital sign monitoring without the use of alarms, thereby exclusively relying on interval trend monitoring.

Methods

This explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted at an abdominal surgical ward of a tertiary teaching hospital. Heart rate and respiratory rate of patients were measured every minute by a wearable sensor. Trends were visualized and assessed six times per day by nurses and once a day by doctors during morning rounds. Instead of using alarms we focused exclusively on regular vital sign trend analysis by nurses and doctors. Primary outcome was feasibility in terms of acceptability by professionals, assessed by the Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use questionnaire and further explored in two focus groups, as well as fidelity.

Results

A total of 56 patients were monitored and in 80.5% (n = 536) of nurses’ work shifts the trends assessments were documented. All deviating trends (n = 17) were recognized in time. Professionals (N = 46) considered continuous monitoring satisfying (4.8±1.0 on a 1–7 Likert-scale) and were willing to use the technology. Although insight into vital sign trends allowed faster anticipation and action upon changed patient status, professionals were neutral about usefulness (4.4±1.0). They found continuous monitoring easy to use (4.7±0.8) and easy to learn (5.3±1.0) but indicated the need for gaining practical experience. Nurses considered the use of alarms for deviating vital signs unnecessary, when trends were regularly assessed and reported.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that continuous vital signs trend monitoring without using alarms was feasible in the general ward setting, thereby avoiding unnecessary alarms and preventing alarm fatigue. When monitoring in a general ward setting, the standard use of alarms may therefore be reconsidered.
Infection with intestinal helminth (Hymenolepis diminuta) impacts exploratory behavior and cognitive processes in rats by changing the central level of neurotransmitters
Authors: Blecharz-Klin Kamilla , Świerczyńska Magdalena , Piechal Agnieszka , Wawer Adriana , Joniec-Maciejak Ilona , Pyrzanowska Justyna , Wojnar Ewa , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna , Sulima-Celińska Anna , Młocicki Daniel , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara
Published: March 2022

Parasites may significantly affect the functioning of the host organism including immune response and gut-brain-axis ultimately leading to alteration of the host behavior. The impact of intestinal worms on the host central nervous system (CNS) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intestinal infection by the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta on behavior and functions of the CNS in rats. The 3 months old animals were infected, and the effects on anxiety, exploration, sensorimotor skills and learning processes were assessed at 18 months in Open Field (OF), Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and the Water Maze (WM) tests. After completing the behavioral studies, both infected and non-infected rats were sacrificed, and the collected tissues were subjected to biochemical analysis. The levels of neurotransmitters, their metabolites and amino acids in selected structures of the CNS were determined by HPLC. In addition, the gene expression profile of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) was evaluated by Real-Time PCR to determine the immune response within the CNS to the tapeworm infection. The parasites caused significant changes in exploratory behavior, most notably, a reduction of velocity and total distance moved in the OF test; the infected rats exhibited decreased frequency in the central zone, which may indicate a higher level of anxiety. Additionally, parasite infestation improved spatial memory, assessed in the WM test, and recognition of new objects. These changes are related to the identified reduction in noradrenaline level in the CNS structures and less pronounced changes in striatal serotonergic neurotransmission. H. diminuta infestation was also found to cause a significant reduction of hippocampal expression of IL-6. Our results provide new data for further research on brain function during parasitic infections especially in relation to helminths and diseases in which noradrenergic system may play an important role.
Apprenticeships in healthcare: A solution in response to adult learners’ needs
Authors: Romkey Matt
Published: March 2022

Higher education’s model of campus-based, semester-timed, and credit-hour driven assessment and delivery is not well suited to support adult learners. In the face of heightened public scrutiny, colleges and universities need to identify innovative, flexible, and student responsive learning pathways. This study has been developed to explore the adult learner outcomes and satisfaction of an apprentice-based medical assisting pathway versus a traditional learning track. Assessing the efficacy and success of students enrolled in this apprentice track can support the deployment in other apprentice-based healthcare-related occupations.
D'une carence référentielle dans le programme de conception architecturale
Authors: Vitalis Louis
Published: March 2022

En s’intéressant à la notion de référence, il s’agit d’introduire des considérations linguistiques dans le travail de modélisation du processus de conception architecturale. La conception architecturale est une activité spécifique notamment parce qu’elle a affaire à un réel qui n’est pas déjà donné comme l’a montré Philippe Boudon. De ce point de vue la conception entretient un rapport au réel qui peut être considéré comme inverse à celui de la science. Mais faire référence c’est se donner quelque chose, une réalité, par rapport à quoi concevoir. C’est une opération clé de la conception des architectes, qui appartient aussi à la commande qui élabore un programme donnant des conditions plus ou moins stimulantes au projet. L’analogie du programme de conception proposée par Herbert A. Simon permet d’interroger la créativité. Elle pose notamment la question des données. Le sous-programme de conception consistant à faire référence, incarne donc un cas particulier de la formule de Gaston Bachelard « rien n’est donné, tout est construit ». Mais l’analyse des énoncés de concepteurs fait ressortir une carence référentielle propre à la situation de conception. Ce manque peut être compris comme un ressort de la créativité architecturale opérant à différents niveaux. Que la référence se fasse opérande, qu’elle serve de modèle, qu’elle indexe un champ sémantique, ou qu’elle pointe vers un référent inexistant… c’est une absence motrice qui incline l’espace de conception.
Determination of Cadmium and Chromium in Fruit Spirits Intended for Own Consumption Using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Tatarková Mária , Baška Tibor , Ulbrichtová Romana , Kuka Stanislav , Sovičová Miroslava , Štefanová Eliška , Malobická Eva , Hudečková Henrieta
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Analysis of the occurrence of cadmium and chromium in selected samples of fruit spirits intended for own consumption. Material and methods: In our pilot study, we analysed 89 samples of fruit spirits intended for own consumption. The samples were mineralized with use of microwave decomposition system MULTIWAVE 60 50 Hz and analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace (AAS GBC XPLORAA 5000 with GF 5000). Results: Most of the analysed samples originated from plums (39), apples (38) and pears (5). The average ethanol concentration was 53.7%. Cadmium and chromium were detected in all samples. The highest concentration of chromium and cadmium was found in the apple spirit (31.9 ± 6.6 μg/l and 40.1 ± 8.3 μg/l). Conclusions: The ethanol concentration in the samples was higher than in distribution spirits. Concentrations of chromium in all samples did not exceed the limit given by the Slovak legislation or the limit of the AMPHORA. The permissible cadmium concentration (10 μg/l according to the AMPHORA) was exceeded in 9 samples. This indicates the potential importance of cadmium compared to chromium. Due to the lack of information in this field, the study presents an important starting point for further research.
Family Ties and Corruption
Authors: Litina Anastasia , Varvarigos Dimitrios
Published: March 2022

We study the relation between nuclear family ties and corruption. Our theoretical model shows that the population share of people who desire close ties with their families (i.e. the extensive margin) has an ambiguous effect on the level of corruption, due to the presence of conflicting mechanisms. However, the strength of this desire among people who want close family ties (i.e. the intensive margin) has an unambiguously negative effect on corruption. The latter outcome finds support from our empirical analysis: Using micro-level data, we show that, in contrast to conventional wisdom and cross-country reflections, stronger family ties are negatively correlated with a broad set of activities that measure corruption.
Evaluation of a faecal calprotectin method using the OC-SENSOR PLEDIA
Authors: O’Driscoll Shane , Piggott Carolyn , Benton Sally C.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends faecal calprotectin (f-cal) to help differentiate inflammatory bowel diseases from irritable bowel syndrome. Faecal samples for calprotectin have historically been collected at home by patients into screw-top pots and sent to laboratories where calprotectin is extracted and analysed. Faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) samples are collected at home into specific collection devices containing stabilising buffer. We evaluated the OC-FCa method for f-cal, developed by Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan) that uses the same collection device and analyser as f-Hb.

Methods

OC-FCa was assessed for limit of blank (LOB), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), within and between-run imprecision, linearity, prozone, recovery and carryover. A method comparison against the BÜHLMANN fCAL® turbo (BÜHLMANN Laboratories AG, Switzerland) was performed using patient samples and EQA.

Results

The LOB was 3 µg calprotectin/g faeces (µg/g), LOD 8 μg/g and LOQ 20 μg/g. Within and between-run imprecision was <5%; linearity was good (R2 > 0.99); prozone was appropriately detected; recovery was 99.6%; no observed carryover. OC-FCa showed a strong positive bias compared with BÜHLMANN fCAL® turbo (Z=−5.3587, p < 0.001). When categorised using our local pathway, which interprets calprotectin concentrations and need for further investigation, Cohen’s Kappa demonstrates substantial agreement at <50 μg/g (κ=0.80) and >150 μg/g (κ=0.63) and fair agreement (κ=0.22) in the borderline category 50–150 μg/g.

Conclusions

The OC-FCa method performed well in the evaluation. With the lack of standardisation for f-cal a clinical study is required to evaluate the positive bias and establish suitable cut-off levels.
Polystable bundles and representations of their automorphisms
Authors: Buchdahl Nicholas , Schumacher Georg
Published: March 2022

Using a quasi-linear version of Hodge theory, holomorphic vector bundles in a neighbourhood of a given polystable bundle on a compact Kähler manifold are shown to be (poly)stable if and only if their corresponding classes are (poly)stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory with respect to the linear action of the automorphism group of the bundle on its space of in˝nitesimal deformations.
Tone and the prosodic stem in Malawian CiTonga
Authors: Mkochi Winfred , Bickmore Lee
Published: March 2022

In CiTonga, a Bantu language spoken in northern Malawi, a number of different morphemes within the verbal complex can sponsor a High tone. While the High tone of a morpheme which precedes the stem is shown to be underlyingly pre-linked, those found after the beginning of the stem are argued to be underlyingly floating. This latter group of High tone autosegments can be shown to exclusively dock onto the first and last tone bearing units (TBUs) of the prosodic stem. This domain is not isomorphic with the morphological stem in that it must include the entire morphological stem as well as any of 3 different categories of enclitics which follow. The docking of the underlyingly floating Hs is shown to follow an edge-in process whereby a single H docks onto the initial TBU of the prosodic stem, a second H docks onto the final TBU of the prosodic stem, and any additional High tones remain floating, being phonologically inert. The paper provides an extensive range of newly presented data on this understudied Bantu language and constitutes a rare case of the prosodic stem being motivated by tonological factors.
Moderate-intensity exercise decreases the circulating level of betatrophin and its correlation among markers of obesity in women
Authors: Rejeki Purwo Sri , Baskara Pradika Gita , Herawati Lilik , Pranoto Adi , Setiawan Hayuris Kinandita , Lesmana Ronny , Halim Shariff
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Positive energy homeostasis due to overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle triggers obesity. Obesity has a close relationship with elevated levels of betatrophin and may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Therefore, lifestyle modification through a nonpharmacological approach based on physical exercise is the right strategy in lowering betatrophin levels. This study aimed to analyze the effect of moderate-intensity interval and continuous exercises on decreased betatrophin levels and the association between betatrophin levels and obesity markers in women.

Methods

A total of 30 women aged 20–24 years old were randomly divided into three groups. Measurement of betatrophin levels using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data analysis techniques used were one-way ANOVA and parametric linear correlation.

Results

The results showed that the average levels of betatrophin pre-exercise were 200.40 ± 11.03 pg/mL at CON, 203.07 ± 42.48 pg/mL at MIE, 196.62 ± 21.29 pg/mL at MCE, and p=0.978. Average levels of betatrophin post-exercise were 226.65 ± 18.96 pg/mL at CON, 109.31 ± 11.23 pg/mL at MIE, 52.38 ± 8.18 pg/mL at MCE, and p=0.000. Pre-exercise betatrophin levels were positively correlated with age, BMI, FM, WHR, FBG, and PBF (p≤0.001).

Conclusions

Our study showed that betatrophin levels are decreased by 10 min post-MIE and post-MCE. However, moderate-intensity continuous exercise is more effective in lowering betatrophin levels than moderate-intensity interval exercise. In addition, pre-exercise betatrophin levels also have a positive correlation with obesity markers.
Simple yet sharp sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding
Authors: Peña Jose M.
Published: March 2022

We present a method for assessing the sensitivity of the true causal effect to unmeasured confounding. The method requires the analyst to set two intuitive parameters. Otherwise, the method is assumption free. The method returns an interval that contains the true causal effect and whose bounds are arbitrarily sharp, i.e., practically attainable. We show experimentally that our bounds can be tighter than those obtained by the method of Ding and VanderWeele, which, moreover, requires to set one more parameter than our method. Finally, we extend our method to bound the natural direct and indirect effects when there are measured mediators and unmeasured exposure–outcome confounding.
Improvement of forging die life by failure mechanism analysis**
Authors: Abd AL-Kareem Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohammed Adnan Ibrahim , Allow Munir Ahmed
Published: March 2022

This study analyses the causes of rapid failure at the early stages of hot forging tools. Tool life generally refers to the number of forgings that meet the required geometry, properties and quality produced by a tool. Die failure in hot forging processes are caused by failure modes such as plastic deformation, wear and thermomechanical fatigue. This study focuses on plastic deformation failure. The practical experience was carried out in the upset forge fastener head, having a workpiece material of Ck45 alloy steel and tool made of 56 NiCrMoV7 tool material, which was forged at 950–1150°C, under an 800-ton, horizontal mechanical press. The finite element (FE) software MSC Simufact Forming 16.0 was used to simulate the process. The results showed plastic deformation occurring in the upper and lower dies because the temperature increase progressively reduced the hardness, creating softening effects during the forging process. The optimal forging temperature to form the fastener head was determined to be lower at 1000°C, saving time and cost. The FE method can be efficiently used to enhance the formation and to predict diet life.
Review of medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder
Authors: Ghanem Nessreen , Dromgoole Devin , Hussein Ahmad , Jermyn Richard T.
Published: March 2022

Context

The American opioid epidemic has necessitated the search for safe and effective means of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) encompasses select medications that are proven effective treatments for OUD. Understanding the mechanisms of action, indications, and implementation of MAT is paramount to increasing its availability to all individuals struggling with opioid addiction.

Objectives

This review is based on an educational series that aims to educate healthcare providers and ancillary healthcare members on the use of MAT for the treatment of OUD.

Methods

The database PubMed was utilized to retrieve articles discussing the implementation of MAT. Boolean operators and Medical Subject Headings (MeSHs) were applied including: MAT and primary care, MAT and telehealth, methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, MAT and osteopathic, MAT and group therapy, and MAT and COVID-19.

Results

Three medications have been approved for the treatment of OUD: methadone, naltrexone, and buprenorphine. Identifying ways to better treat and manage OUD and to combat stigmatization are paramount to dismantling barriers that have made treatment less accessible. Studies suggest that primary care providers are well positioned to provide MAT to their patients, particularly in rural settings. However, no study has compared outcomes of different MAT models of care, and more research is required to guide future efforts in expanding the role of MAT in primary care settings.

Conclusions

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to changes in the way MAT care is managed. Patients require a novel point-of-care approach to obtain care. This review will define the components of MAT, consider the impact of MAT in the primary care setting, and identify barriers to effective MAT. Increasing the availability of MAT treatment will allow for greater access to comprehensive treatment and will set the standard for accessibility of novel OUD treatment in the future.
The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation
Authors: Dagklis Themistoklis , Sen Cihat , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Villalaín Cecilia , Karel Allegaert  , Wellmann Sven , Kusuda Satoshi , Serra Bernat , Sanchez Luna Manuel , Huertas Erasmo , Volpe Nicola , Ayala Rodrigo , Jekova Nelly , Grunebaum Amos , Stanojevic Milan
Published: March 2022

This practice guideline follows the mission of the World Association of Perinatal Medicine in collaboration with the Perinatal Medicine Foundation, bringing together groups and individuals throughout the world, with the goal of improving the use of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) for fetal maturation. In fact, this document provides further guidance for healthcare practitioners on the appropriate use of ACS with the aim to increase the timely administration and avoid unnecessary or excessive use. Therefore, it is not intended to establish a legal standard of care. This document is based on consensus among perinatal experts throughout the world and serves as a guideline for use in clinical practice.
Gegenständliche Erkenntnis und transzendentale Einsicht. Zum Kantverständnis Joachim Koppers
Authors: Kopper Margit
Published: March 2022

This article provides a short survey of Joachim Kopper’s understanding of Kant’s theory of cognition in CPR. Kant’s critical thought is developed via a dogmatic method but marks a transition to transcendental thought delivered from dogmatic assertions. The assertion that cognition emerges from the relation between mind and objects is made at the beginning of CPR. Kopper holds that transcendental reflection starts not on the basis of this distinction but on the impossibility of logical assertion about existence as it is reached in antinomic. The fact of experience must thus be explained otherwise than by dogmatic assertions of relations between objects or between objects and thought. Reflection on necessity, affirmed by the law of causality, enables transcendental inspection to understand experience and human life in one unrelational meaning.
Ultra-fast x-ray tomography for multi-phase flow interface dynamic studies
Authors: Misawa M. , Tiseanu I. , Prasser H.-M. , Ichikawa N. , Akai M.
Published: March 2022

The present paper describes the concept of a fast scanning Xray tomograph, the hardware development, and measurement results of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a vertical pipe. The device uses 18 pulsed X-ray sources activated in a successive order. In this way, a complete set of 18 independent projections of the object is obtained within 38 ms, i. e. the measuring rate is about 250 frames per second. Finally, to evaluate the measurement capability of the fast X-ray CT, a wire-mesh sensor was installed in the flow loop and both systems were operated for the same two-phase flow simultaneously. Comparison of the time series of the cross section averaged void fraction from both systems showed sufficient agreement for slug flow at large void fractions, while the fast CT underestimated the void fraction of bubbly flow especially in low void fraction range. For the wire-mesh sensor, coerced deformation of slug bubble interface was found. Further hardware improvement is in progress to achieve better resolution with the fast X-ray CT scanner.
Status and prospects of electronic personal dosemeters for neutron/photon radiation fields
Authors: Luszik-Bhadra M. , Rimpler A. , Wahl W.
Published: March 2022

For neutron radiation and mixed neutron/photon radiation fields, only a few types of direct reading dosemeters are commercially available or under development. Some important features of these dosemeters are briefly outlined and their energy dependent dose equivalent response and suitability for operational monitoring tasks in nuclear facilities, in particular, are discussed.
High-efficiency generation of far-field spin-polarized wavefronts via designer surface wave metasurfaces
Authors: Pan Weikang , Wang Zhuo , Chen Yizhen , Li Shiqing , Zheng Xiaoying , Tian Xinzhang , Chen Cong , Xu Nianxi , He Qiong , Zhou Lei , Sun Shulin
Published: March 2022

Achieving a pre-designed scattering pattern from an ultra-compact platform is highly desired for on-chip integration optics, but conventional techniques suffer from the limitations of bulky size, wavelength-scale modulation and low efficiency. Here, we propose a new strategy to efficiently generate arbitrary spin-polarized scattering far-field patterns from surface-wave (SW) excitations on a designer Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) metasurface. We find that a PB meta-atom serves as a subwavelength scatter to decouple impinging SW to a spin-polarized propagating wave (PW) with tailored amplitude and phase, and thus interference among PWs generated by scatterings at different PB meta-atoms can generate a tailored far-field pattern. As a proof of concept, we design and fabricate a series of PB metasurfaces in the microwave regime and experimentally demonstrate that they can generate desired radiation patterns within a broad frequency band, including unidirectional radiation, line/point focusing, vortex beam and hologram. These findings may stimulate important applications in on-chip integrated photonics.
Multiple velocity composition in the standard synchronization
Authors: Choi Yang-Ho
Published: March 2022

Mansouri and Sexl (MS) presented a general framework for coordinate transformations between inertial frames, presupposing a preferred reference frame the space-time of which is isotropic. The relative velocity between inertial frames in the standard synchronization is shown to be determined by the first row of the transformation matrix based on the MS framework. Utilizing this fact, we investigate the relativistic velocity addition. To effectively deal with it, we employ a diagram of velocity that consists of nodes and arrows. Nodes, which are connected to each other by arrows with relative velocities, represent inertial frames. The velocity composition law of special relativity has been known to be inconsistent with the reciprocity principle of velocity, through the investigation of a simple case where the inertial frames of interest are connected via a single node. When they are connected through more than one node, many inconsistencies including the violation of the reciprocity principle are found, as the successive coordinate transformation is not reduced to a Lorentz transformation. These inconsistencies can be cured by introducing a reference node such that the velocity composition is made in conjunction with it. The reference node corresponds to the preferred frame. The relativistic velocity composition law has no inconsistencies under the uniqueness of the isotropic frame.
Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide (DDAO) in single and mixed systems as corrosion inhibitors of zinc in hydrochloric acid
Authors: Abdel-Rahem Rami A. , Niaz Sana , Altwaiq Abdelmnim M. , Esaifan Muayad , AlShamaileh Ehab , Al Bawab Abeer
Published: March 2022

The influence of surfactant synergism between sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine Oxide (DDAO) on zinc corrosion in 0.05 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions at 25 °C was investigated. Firstly, solutions of SDBS and DDAO with mole fractions of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 were prepared and their surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) values in water and in 0.05 M HCl were measured as a function of total surfactant concentration. The SDBS/DDAO mixed system exhibited a strong synergism in 0.05 M HCl with a highly negative interaction parameter β (average β = −23.46), according to regular solution theory. Secondly, the adsorption of single surfactants SDBS and DDAO and SDBS/DDAO surfactant mixture on 2.0% zinc powder was investigated by the depletion method to find out the role of synergism in the adsorption tendency of these surfactants on the zinc surface and thus their corrosion inhibiting effect. The adsorption tendency of single surfactant and the mixed surfactant systems onto 2.0% zinc powder followed the order: SDBS > 0.75 SDBS/0.25 DDAO ≈ 0.25 SDBS/0.75 DDAO > DDAO > 0.50 SDBS/0.50 DDAO. Finally, the corrosion of zinc was investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique. It was found that SDBS and DDAO act as efficient corrosion inhibitors for zinc in 0.05 M HCl solution with increasing corrosion inhibition efficiency when they are mixed. Additionally, images of scanning electron microscopy were obtained for zinc sheets in solutions containing single and mixed SDBS/DDAO surfactants in the presence and absence of 0.05 M HCl. The microscopic images show an improvement in the protection of the zinc surface against acid attack in the presence of single and mixed SDBS/DDAO surfactants.
Essential Components of Physical Therapist Management of Patients With Osteoporosis: A Delphi Study
Authors: Avin Keith G. , Nithman Robert W. , Osborne Raine , Betz Sherri R. , Lindsey Carleen , Hartley Gregory W.
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose:

Osteoporosis is a systemic, metabolic bone disease that affects bone quality, increases susceptibility to low-trauma bone fracture, and has downstream effects on falls and fragility fractures. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease process that requires management from multiple health care providers including physicians, nurses, and physical therapists. However, the paucity of information regarding comprehensive physical therapist management for patients with osteoporosis indicated the need for an evidence-based document. The purpose of this document was to provide the best available expert guidance for clinicians in the selection of screening tools, essential tests and measures, treatment goals, and interventions for patients with osteoporosis.

Methods:

A Delphi process was used. Thirty-one physical therapists with expertise in the care of patients with osteoporosis participated in a series of 3 sequential surveys designed to build and reach agreement on the management of patients with osteoporosis. The desired survey outcomes were to: (1) identify the range of examination and plan of care components considered important to physical therapists' care for patients with osteoporosis, (2) determine which components should be considered essential, and (3) achieve consensus on the final list of essential components and related operational definitions.

Results:

A clear consensus on the essential components of examination and interventions was achieved. In general, there were 4 to 6 items across each category of history, tests and measures, education/goals, and treatment.

Conclusions:

The prioritization of these management items will better support clinicians working with adults who have osteoporosis.
Encefalitis por rabia o encefalitis post-vacunal en mujer gestante con neonato prematuro sobreviviente
Authors: Tapia-Pérez Rafael , Barreda-de la Cruz Miguel , Alvarez-Gamero Julio C.
Published: March 2022

La rabia humana es una infección grave que requiere aplicación de suero antirrábico y vacuna, la cual puede producir encefalomielitis desmielinizante aguda (EDMA) post-vacunal. Se reporta una gestante de 27 años mordida por un perro en mano derecha. No recibió suero antirrábico pero sí 5 vacunas. Con última vacuna presentó adormecimiento de mano, malestar, fiebre, hidrofobia, alteración de conciencia. Se realizó cesárea e indujo al coma terapéutico. La biopsia de piel de nuca e inoculación en ratón fueron negativos mientras que la seroneutralización en ratón y detección de anticuerpos antirrábicos fueron positivos. En cordón umbilical, la seroneutralización en ratón fue positiva. La resonancia magnética evidenció lesiones compatibles con EDMA. Según algunos criterios, podría tratarse de rabia; sin embargo, el cuadro sería más compatible con EDMA.
Somnolencia diurna y calidad de sueño en el rendimiento escolar de adolescentes de una institución educativa estatal
Authors: Cruz Aquino Lincol Marx , Placencia Medina Maritza Dorila , Saavedra Leveau Carlos Alberto , Tipula Mamani Marco Antonio
Published: March 2022

Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre la somnolencia diurna (SD) y calidad de sueño (CS) con el rendimiento escolar (RE) de adolescentes de la Institución Educativa “Emblemática” Ventura Ccalamaqui, Barranca, 2018. Métodos. Estudio no experimental y transversal. Participaron 217 adolescentes del tercer y cuarto año de educación secundaria. Se aplicó la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth y el Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh. El rendimiento escolar se determinó por la calificación en comunicación y matemática (asignaturas usadas por la comunidad internacional) y se clasificó de acuerdo al currículo nacional (AD, A, B, C). Resultados. La edad promedio de los adolescentes fue de 15,9 ± 0,6 años, donde el 51,2% fueron del sexo femenino, el 51,6% consumía café, té y/o gaseosas menos de una vez por semana. Se observó que el 49,7% presentaba somnolencia diurna, el 84,8% tenía problemas de sueño y el 52,1% presentó un rendimiento esperado. La somnolencia diurna se asoció significativamente con el rendimiento escolar (p=0,004); los estudiantes con SD presentaron RE esperado y en proceso, los estudiantes sin SD presentaron RE destacado, esperado y en proceso. La calidad de sueño de los adolescentes se asoció significativamente con su rendimiento escolar (p=0,045) y en la somnolencia diurna (p=0,015). Conclusiones. La somnolencia diurna y la calidad de sueño se asociaron con el rendimiento escolar de los adolescentes de la Institución Educativa “Emblemática” Ventura Ccalamaqui, Barranca, 2018.
Infecciones serias en pacientes lúpicos hospitalizados
Authors: Noriega Zapata Erika Janeth
Published: March 2022

Introducción. Las infecciones son causa importante de hospitalización en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), producen incremento de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de infecciones serias y conocer la etiología más frecuente en un hospital público de referencia nacional. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal en el Servicio de Reumatología del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú. Se revisaron historias clínicas y registro de exámenes de laboratorio. Se analizó el registro de pacientes con LES hospitalizados del 2017 al 2019. Se seleccionó a aquellos que presentaron infecciones serias (recibieron tratamiento parenteral o fallecieron a causa de la infección). Se analizó los datos demográficos (género y edad), tiempo de enfermedad, actividad y daño, el número de eventos infecciosos, lugar donde se adquirió la infección, lugar de admisión, el agente etiológico y la clasificación del evento infeccioso. Resultados. 61 (15,6%) de 390 pacientes lúpicos hospitalizados presentaron 75 eventos infecciosos. Fueron principalmente mujeres (95,1%), jóvenes (15-34 años) (42,6%) con tiempo de enfermedad ≤ 01 año (31,1%). La mayoría de eventos infecciosos fueron intrahospitalarios (80%), sin tratamiento empírico (53,3%). Principalmente la admisión fue por transferencia de otros servicios (52%). Se determinó el agente etiológico en 53 (70,6%) eventos infecciosos. Las infecciones bacterianas (52%) y genitourinarias (37,3%) fueron las más frecuentes. E. coli betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) fue el microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia (28%). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de infecciones serias fue 15,6%. E. coli BLEE fue el agente etiológico que se aisló con más frecuencia, considerándose un problema de salud pública.
Family Screening After Sudden Death in a Population-Based Study of Children
Authors: Kannankeril Prince J. , Shoemaker M. Ben , Fountain Darlene , Roden Dan M. , Yandell Mark , Tristani-Firouzi Martin , Etheridge Susan P. , Webster Gregory , George Alfred L. , McNally Elizabeth M. , MacLeod Heather , Burns Kristin M.
Published: March 2022

In a US population-based registry of sudden death in the young, this study performed familial evaluation of surviving relatives.
Pathological findings of bovine pancreatic lesions induced by Eurytrema pancreticum in Aceh cattle, Sumatra
Authors: Hambal M. , Marwadi H. , Farida F. , Sugito S. , Amiruddin A. , Vanda H.
Published: March 2022

Great losses of cattle and other ruminants due to Eurytrema pancreaticum have been recorded in Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to examine histological alterations after E. pancreaticum infection in cattle. This study analysed the pathological changes of pancreas in 153 cattle sampled randomly at slaughterhouses in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Samples were obtained during one year as part of routine meat inspection. The samples of cattle pancreas were obtained from slaughterhouse in Banda Aceh and examined for eurytrematosis. The number of infected pancreases was 64 out of 153 (41.8%). The pancreases indicated some alterations including macroscopic colour changes of the pancreatic capsular surface, followed by the production of mucus on the surface. Some adult flukes were found in the capsular surface of the pancreas together with fluke eggs. The dissected pancreases were prepared for histopathological study for each segment, and then observed under microscope. The implications of findings from histopathologic analyses of the pancreas are discussed.