bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Blood Parameters Including RBC, Hb, PCV, Red Cell Indices, Serum Ferritin, and Salivary Candidal Growth in Female Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iron Deficiency
Authors: Saba Asra , Komali Garlapati , Shrivastava Deepti , Alghafli Mohammed A. , Alazmi Faisal Maqbul , Aljudaya Salman A. S. , Heboyan Artak , Srivastava Kumar Chandan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a microcytic-hypochromic anemia prevalent in African and South Asian countries including India. Along with systemic, it presents various oral manifestations that can be diagnosed in dental setups. Literature suggests that there is a state of iron deficiency before it manifests as anemia, which eventually creates an immunodeficient body state that predisposes to various opportunistic infections such as oral candidiasis.

Objectives:

The present study was designed to evaluate and compare various components of the blood picture including the hemoglobin (Hb%), red blood cell (RBC) count, RBC indices, hematocrit, peripheral blood smear and serum ferritin between iron deficiency (ID), IDA, and healthy subjects. The study also attempts to compare and assess the salivary samples of ID for Candida growth.

Material and Methods:

A total of 252 female patients of age groups ranging from 18 to 70 years were selected. The study consisted of three study groups, namely, Group A, IDA patients (clinical manifestations with pallor); Group B, ID patients (clinical manifestations without pallor); and Group C, age-matched healthy controls, with 84 in each group. The blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological parameters including Hb%, RBC count, RBC indices, hematocrit, peripheral blood smear, and serum ferritin. Later, a saliva sample was collected from all study groups to assess the Candida growth. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0 software.

Results:

The results demonstrated that ID patients had normal blood parameters as healthy controls except for serum ferritin, while IDA patients had significantly (P < 0.001) lower hemoglobin, RBC count, and blood cell indices, specifically mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit compared to ID and healthy controls. A significant finding is that like IDA patients, ID patients exhibited reduced serum ferritin levels. Contrary to the IDA group, only a small percentage of ID patients had Candida growth, although this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the current study, the results showed significantly reduced serum ferritin levels in ID, while other parameters were within the normal limits, and found tendency to develop Candida growth compared with the control subjects. Further studies are warranted to establish the association and causal relationship.
Association of Triglycerides and HbA1c Levels with Stages of Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Helena Vemuri , Suresh Arumugam , Muninathan Natrajan , Baskaran Kuppusamy , Khan Siddique Ahmed
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

This prospective study investigates the association between triglyceride (TG) levels and HbA1c values with different stages of invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) in female patients. Metabolic alterations, including dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, are increasingly recognized as potential factors associated with cancer progression.

Methods:

A total of 150 female patients diagnosed with IDC were included in the study, categorized into four stages of the disease. Triglyceride levels were measured using colorimetry, and HbA1c values were determined using the ion exchange resin method. Descriptive statistics and distributions of TG and HbA1c values were analyzed across the cancer stages.

Results:

In Stage 1, patients had a mean TG level of 347.5 mg/dL and a mean HbA1c of 10.2%. These values declined in subsequent stages, with Stage 4 patients showing a mean TG level of 208.6 mg/dL and a mean HbA1c of 6.9%. A majority of Stage 1 patients (n = 35) had TG levels between 200 and 499 mg/dL, while Stage 4 had the highest number of patients with TG levels below 150 mg/dL (n = 6). Additionally, a significant proportion of Stage 1 patients had HbA1c values ≥10% (n = 17), indicating poor glycemic control. As the disease progressed, this proportion decreased, with only two patients in Stage 4 having HbA1c levels ≥10%.

Conclusion:

This study suggests a correlation between lower TG and HbA1c levels and more advanced stages of IDC. These findings highlight the importance of metabolic factors in IDC progression and may inform future research on potential therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of Surface Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin and RMGIC to Biodentine: An In-Vitro Sem Study
Authors: Thomas Minu , Hari Krishnan , Mathew Joy , Gaffoor Faisal M. A. , Yumnam Gargi , Rajendran Rakhi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate and contrast the impact of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin and RMGIC on Biodentine.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty acrylic blocks with 4mm diameter and 2mm depth central cavities were made, and Biodentine (Septodont, France) was filled into the cavities and sorted into three groups (n = 20) based on the different surface treatments on Biodentine. The SBS was evaluated by employing a knife-edge blade in a universal testing machine, and fractured surfaces were analyzed under a Scanning electron microscope.

Results:

The study results indicated that the use of 9% hydrofluoric acid etching with Biodentine resulted in significantly greater SBS compared to the other groups, namely 37% phosphoric acid etching with Biodentine and intraoral sandblasting with Biodentine.

Conclusion:

9% hydrofluoric acid etching was the preferred choice of surface treatment on Biodentine in vital pulp therapy and composite resin showed better SBS with Biodentine.
Comparative Micro-CT Evaluation of Dentinal Tubule Penetration of BIO-C and AH Plus Jet Root Canal Sealer Using Three Intra-Canal Activation Techniques
Authors: Vivek K. , Sreedhar Sreeja , Nair Siddharth V. , Sreelekshmi V. , Jitha J. , Viswanadhan Anitha , Athira P. M
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three intra-canal sealer activation techniques: ultrasonic, Lentulospiral activation, and GP cone-mediated ultrasonic activation on dentinal tubule penetration of a bioceramic (BIO-C) root canal sealer and AH Plus jet sealer with single cone obturation.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty single-rooted straight canal teeth were randomly divided into two main groups – BIO-C sealer and AH Plus jet sealer (n = 40). Each group was further divided into four subgroups, based on the three activation techniques: ultrasonics, Lentulospiral, gutta-percha cone-mediated ultrasonic, and a control. The canals were obturated using the single cone obturation technique. Dentinal penetration of sealers was measured using Micro-CT at the coronal, middle, and apical portions of root canals.

Results:

Greater sealer penetration was observed with ultrasonic and Lentulospiral agitation compared to GP-mediated ultrasonic agitation for both sealers.

Conclusion:

BIO-C yielded better results with ultrasonic and Lentulospiral agitation, while AH Plus performed better with ultrasonic agitation.
Assessment of Dental Anxiety in Visually Impaired Children Using Two Methods of Oral Health Education in Nizamabad District: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Nikhitha Dasari , Ratnaditya Akurathi , Anusha Challagulla , Anusha Karre , Srilekha Macharla , Harshavallika Beeram
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Oral health is greatly impacted by visual impairment, which raises the possibility of dental treatment anxiety. Therefore, the goal of this research is to assess dental anxiety in children who are blind.

Aim and Objectives of the Study:

The intention of the study was to raise awareness of oral health among visually impaired children and to use the RMS-tactile scale (TS) to measure their anxiety levels.

Materials and Methods:

In the current study, 50 students with impairment of vision were split into two groups for a randomized control trial. There were 25 children in each group. Group 1 received dental health instruction using Braille, while Group 2 received it via audio tactile performance (ATP) approach. Pre- and post-treatment anxiety levels were recorded using RMS-TS for both groups, and scores for the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were also computed from baseline and three-month evaluations were conducted.

Results:

We performed a statistical study using a paired t-test and a one-way ANOVA. In the evaluation of pre-anxiety level on RMS-TS, group 2 (ATP) had high significance, and the values for the GI (P < 0.032) and PI (P < 0.020) decreased statistically.

Conclusion:

According to the present study, using a combination of audio and tactile models to explain dental procedures to visually impaired children can effectively reduce their anxiety.
A Rare Clinical Presentation of Pediatric Hypertension due to Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis with the Middle Aortic Syndrome
Authors: Vigneshwaran Bala , Rajinikanth Suba , Seeralar Arasar
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Renal artery stenosis is one of the secondary causes of pediatric hypertension. Cases with critical unilateral renal artery stenosis associated with the middle aortic syndrome are rare phenomena. The middle aortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare vascular disease representing an important cause of severe hypertension in children. MAS are mostly idiopathic, but also may occur in genetic and acquired disorders.
In Silico Molecular Docking of Ocimum sanctum Phytochemicals: Targeting Key Biomarkers in Oral Cancer
Authors: Umapathy Vidhya Rekha , Swamikannu Bhuminathan , Natarajan Prabhu Manickam , Devi Renuka , Nandini MS , Vimalarani  , Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer occurring anywhere in the globe. Cancers of the mouth are caused by tobacco and alcohol overuse, and also between pre-malignancy and full-fledged malignancy. In order to avoid the onset of illness, proper cleanliness of the mouth is important.

Objective:

In this study we aimed to identify the potential inhibitor for Aurora kinase B as a potential therapeutic target for oral cancer from the phytocompounds from Ocimum sanctum.

Methodology:

Compounds from Ocimum sanctum were screened against Aurora kinase B using a structure-based virtual screening approach using Pyrx software. Based on the scoring parameters best compounds were chosen to analysis the interaction by using Discovery studio visualizer.

Results:

Four compounds—pedunculin, nevadensin, chrysoeriol, and genistein were selected as the most promising leads based on the scoring parameter.

Conclusion:

These chemicals could be potential therapeutic candidates that need to be investigated further in the laboratory.
Effect of Polydopamine Nanoparticle-Induced Surface Modification on Demineralized Dentin for Enhanced Functional Remineralization
Authors: Madhubala Manavalan Madhana , Mahalaxmi Sekar
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Development of biomimetic nanomaterials for remineralization therapy is an important strategy in minimally invasive dentistry. The size of the therapeutic agent has a great influence on bioavailability, penetration ability, and larger surface area for interaction in hard tissue remineralization through the nonclassical crystallization pathway. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the remineralization-inducing potential of polydopamine (PDA) and polydopamine nanoparticles (nPDs) on artificially demineralized dentin.

Methodology:

nPDs were prepared using commercially procured dopamine hydrochloride by the wet precipitation method. Obtained particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and zeta potential determination via dynamic light scattering with a laser particle analyser, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cytocompatibility of nPD and PDA was assessed by (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on human dental pulpal stem cell lines. A total of 66 demineralized dentin slabs of 3 mm × 3 mm × 1 mm dimension were immersed in 2 mg/ml of freshly prepared PDA and nPD solutions for 12 hours, followed by reimmersion in calcium and phosphate solution at 37°C days for 10 days. Samples immersed in deionized water were used as a control group. All the specimens were subjected to various remineralization testing methods using SEM-EDX, Vicker’s microhardness, and micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the distribution, followed by one-way ANOVA for intergroup analysis and post
hoc Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons within groups.

Results:

nPD exhibited a nanospherical morphology with positive zeta potential. nPD revealed the polymeric amorphous nature with characteristic functional groups and exhibited >80% relative cell viability. nPD promoted superior remineralization ability by the formation of hydroxyapatite closely mirroring the Ca/P ratio of natural dentin with a hardness value significantly closer to the baseline, which was further evidenced by higher-intensity peaks of phosphate, amide, and proline on micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis.

Conclusion:

Dentin remineralization is more strongly facilitated by nanometric PDA than PDA, which has an enhanced functional remineralization effect.
Artificial Intelligence and Dentistry: The Future
Authors: Prabhu Vishnudas Dinesh , Saidath Kottachery , Suvarna Nitin , Mohtesham Imran , Shenoy Shailesh , Prabhu Rachana Vishnudas
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Although it was first conceptualized in the 1950s, it has developed rapidly in recent times. AI can undertake complex predictions and make decisions due to its ability to mimic human intelligence. Its popularity has grown exponentially in the health sector including dentistry. It is useful in all dental disciplines, including endodontics, oral medicine and radiology, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral pathology, and forensic odontology. This review describes the history, types, and uses of AI across different disciplines. This will help dental professionals to understand the utility of AI and improve their efficiency toward better patient care.
Accuracy and Reliability of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Age Estimation: An Observational Study
Authors: Shaik Naseemoon , Anne Vivek , Mantha Saraswathi Saisupraja , Reddy Medapati Murali Jogi , Priyadarshini Vidya , Tanuja B , Pudi Sriharsha
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives:

Age and gender identification are critical in forensic investigations, especially for unidentified human bodies. This study explores differences in nuclear size, nuclear area, and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio between healthy individuals and those with physiological or pathological conditions, aiming to understand how these variations may influence age estimation.

Materials and Methods:

Following ethical clearance, the study was conducted on 80 participants aged 20–35 years, who were divided into four groups of 20 each, Group 1: Healthy individuals; Group 2: Individuals with physiological variations; Group 3: Individuals with pathological variations; and Group 4: Individuals with acquired conditions. Buccal cell samples were collected using a moistened tongue blade. Measurements of cell size, nuclear dimensions, nuclear area, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio were taken.

Results:

Significant differences in nuclear and cell sizes were observed among participants with acquired conditions and metabolic disorders compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that systemic diseases and tobacco use (without visible oral lesions) can significantly affect cellular morphology, which may have implications for the accuracy of age determination in forensic analyses.
Assessment of IL- 35 Gene Polymorphism in Periodontitis Patients with and without Diabetes - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Durga J Sri Vishnu , Devi R Renuka , Sonika S , Vignesh T
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate the IL-35 Gene Polymorphism in Periodontitis subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methodology:

96 participants were categorized into three groups, Group 1: Systemically and Periodontally healthy individuals, Group 2: Systemically healthy patients with Generalized chronic periodontitis, Group 3: Generalized chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole venous blood samples collected from the participants using The PureLink Genomic Kit. The region spanning rs1580809257 and rs1580801731 were amplified using appropriate primer and reaction conditions. Determination of genotypes for each of the polymorphisms assessed using Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) - based PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies for Case and control groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is calculated.

Results:

The gene and allele frequency were found to be similar in all three groups.

Conclusion:

The study reveals that polymorphism of rs1580809257 and rs1580801731 in the IL-35 gene is neither associated with Periodontitis patients nor Periodontitis with Diabetes patients.
Exploring the Role of β-Sitosterol, Genistein, and Emodin in Periodontal Regeneration
Authors: Natarajan Prabhu M. , Jaber Mohamed A. , Umapathy Vidhyarekha , Swamikannu Bhuminathan , Nandhini Manickam S , Desai Vijay B. , Khot Mohammad K. S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The incidence rate of periodontal diseases is high, which affects the quality of life of patients, and is one of the main causes of adult dentition defects. Periodontal diseases cause the periodontal intraosseous defect. If not treated in time, it can lead to alveolar bone resorption and defect, periodontal attachment loss, teeth loosening, and complete tooth loss. Bone grafting is to repair periodontal defects by transplanting materials to restore the anatomical morphology of the alveolar bone and the function of periodontal tissue. This study evaluated the osteogenic activity of 3 phytochemicals - β-sitosterol, Genistein, and Emodin when compared to hydroxyapatite alone and tested the in vitro osteogenic activity of the prepared graft materials. The procedure for adhesion, viability, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity was reported. The addition of phytochemicals to hydroxyapatite enhances its bioactivity. This is based on adhesion, viability, proliferation, and ALP activity assessed on the seventh and ninth days respectively in the prepared samples of the phytochemical. Based on the successful results of this study an efficient and cost-effective osteogenic bone graft with effective clinical application can be proposed. The phytochemicals β-Sitosterol, Genistein, and Emodin can be mixed in the optimum quantities to the hydroxyapatite grafts to be used as periodontal regenerative materials. In addition, such optimized concentrations can be further studied for their application to other alloplastic resorbable materials to be used for the grafting of larger defects.
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Gene Polymorphisms among Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy and Nephropathy
Authors: Pawar Vaishali S. , Datkhile Kailas D. , Sontakke Ajit V. , Pawar Satyajeet K. , Patil Prajakta S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Diversified pathways are associated with the advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) towards retinopathy and nephropathy. Experimental data have suggested the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. Since very few combined studies were done for RAAS genes in T2DM patients with DN and diabetic retinopathy (DR), we tried to explore the association of certain RAAS gene polymorphisms in them.

Methods:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Met235Thr of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, and insertion/deletion (ins/del) of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene from RAAS pathway were studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in this cross-sectional study. T2DM patients diagnosed with nephropathy and retinopathy were selected (n = 125 each) consecutively and compared with T2DM patients without DN and/or DR. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Considerably higher blood pressure, serum urea, and creatinine levels were found among DN patients. The DD genotype of ACE SNP was significantly higher in the DR and DN groups (OR: 2.87,95%CI: 1.48-5.56, P = 0.002 and OR: 2.36,95%CI: 1.23-4.53, P = 0.010) compared to the DM Group. In AGT Met235Thr SNP, the CC and TC genotypes were significantly increased in DN while only the TC genotype was significantly increased in the DR group.

Conclusion:

ACE ins/del and AGT Met235Thr SNPs were significantly related to the risk of development of nephropathy and retinopathy in T2DM patients.
Assessment of Reporting Quality in Orthodontic Systematic Reviews: An Observational Study
Authors: Alharbi Fahad , Alghabban Rawda O.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the reporting quality of orthodontic systematic reviews published between 2018 and 2022.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study was conducted, analyzing 2114 articles from selected orthodontic journals. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of the included systematic reviews. Compliance scores were calculated for each review, and the overall compliance score was determined.

Results:

The European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO) contributed the most systematic reviews (49%), followed by the Journal of Orthodontics (JO, 8%). Europe had the highest first-author proportion (42%), while Asia accounted for 26%. The majority of reviews involved 4-6 authors (59%). The overall compliance score was 79.2% (95% CI: 78.1-80.3). EJO had the highest compliance (79.9%, 95% CI: 78.3-81.5), followed by Angle Orthodontist (78.9%, 95% CI: 76.8-81.1). Compliance scores varied across regions, with Europe scoring the highest (79.7%, 95% CI: 77.9-81.6). Reporting key Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist items, such as meta-analysis methods and reporting bias assessment, was inadequate.

Conclusion:

The reporting quality of orthodontic systematic reviews varied, highlighting the need for improvement in areas such as reporting meta-analysis methods and addressing reporting bias. Adherence to the PRISMA guidelines should be emphasized to enhance transparency and strengthen the credibility of orthodontic systematic reviews, supporting evidence-based decision-making in orthodontic practice.
Oral Health of the Electronic Cigarette Smokers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alwafi Abdulraheem A. , Abuljadayel Layla W.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

This review aimed to evaluate the impact of e-cigarette usage on oral health, given the rising popularity of e-cigarettes and their perceived lower risk compared to traditional smoking.

Materials and Methods:

Searches were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases for studies from January 2014 to December 2023. Eligibility was based on the PICOS criteria. Data extraction was performed by two independent investigators. Studies were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool.

Results:

The review included 31 studies, primarily from the USA and Saudi Arabia: 12 cross-sectional, nine case-control, five prospective observational, and five RCTs. Findings showed that clinical periodontal conditions and pro-inflammatory marker levels in e-cigarette users were similar to non-users and lower than conventional cigarette smokers. Dental issues studied included fractures, pain, decay, sensitivity, and loss. Two studies examined harmful metabolites in e-cigarette users. Most studies had low-quality evidence, relying on self-reported data without considering other influencing factors.

Conclusion:

E-cigarette users may experience more changes in oral tissues compared to non-smokers and former smokers.
Knowledge and Perception of Artificial Intelligence Amidst the Health Professionals—A Web-Based Survey
Authors: Jena Amrit , Chaudhary Neel , Manohar Balaji , Mahapatra Niva , Dubey Deepa , Sharma Ankita , Bhuvaneshwari S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a revolutionary jump in the field of dentistry and medicine.

Materials and methods:

The acceptance of the AI among healthcare professionals is growing minutely.

Results:

This study identifies the knowledge and perception of the health professionals about the implementation of AI in regular practice.
Role of Intravenous Pyelography in the Evaluation of Developmental Renal Anomalies
Authors: Gokul V Ganesh , Ayyadurai Saranya , Sarvesh R , Thangam Vinoth
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aims to examine the role of intravenous pyelography (IVP) in the evaluation of developmental renal anomalies.

Materials and Method:

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 subjects presenting with loin pain and suspicion of renal anomalies, subjected to IVP at ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Descriptive statistics were used for frequency and percentage.

Results:

The study population consisted of 61.5% males and 38.5% females, indicating a male predilection for renal anomalies. Horseshoe kidney (31%) and duplex collecting system (23%) were the most prevalent anomalies, underscoring the importance of early detection and tailored management. Less frequent anomalies included malrotation, ectopic kidney, crossed renal ectopia, and unilateral renal agenesis.

Conclusion:

Despite advancements in imaging technology, IVP remains relevant for detailed anatomical and functional assessment of the urinary tract. This study highlights the importance of proactive management and multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing outcomes for patients with developmental renal anomalies.
Role of Diagnostic Accuracy of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging In Adult Posterior Fossa Tumors – A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Keerthana B , Moorthy M Janani , Sarvesh R , Thangam Vinoth
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of adult posterior fossa tumors.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 20 patients with suspected CNS posterior fossa tumors. MRI scans were performed using a 1.5 Tesla machine with appropriate sequences, including DWI. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

The study revealed that the majority of posterior fossa tumors occurred in the age group of 61–70 years, with medulloblastoma being the most common tumor subtype. Male patients were more prevalent than females, and DWI showed hyperintensity in the majority of lesions. The reported sensitivity and specificity of DWI were high, indicating its effectiveness in tumor evaluation.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology, clinical features, and radiological characteristics of adult posterior fossa tumors. It underscores the significance of advanced imaging techniques like DWI in improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding clinical management decisions for these challenging neoplasms.
An In vitro Study Comparing Dimensional Stability of Four Types of Interocclusal Recording Material
Authors: Shetty Aksshay , Saleem C Mohammed , Ajmal B Mohammed , Afzaa S A Saadath , Saleem Nawal , Raheel Syed A.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Interocclusal recording materials should have high dimensional stability for accurate articulation. The aim of this in vitro investigation is to assess and compare the linear dimensional stability of interocclusal recording materials over time.

Methods:

Polyvinylsiloxane, polyether, bisacryl and bite registration wax were used in the study. The test used a mold according to the American Dental Association (ADA) specification number 19. A total of 40 samples were collected, and each group consisted of 10 samples. The dimensional changes in the samples after 1, 24, 48, and 72 h were measured using an optical microscope equipped with a micrometer device.

Results:

Each sample had five measurements taken at different times, and the mean of those readings was used to calculate the dimensional change and compare it to the initial measurement made on the die. ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test for repeated measurements were used to examine the data. The average percentage dimensional change over time 1) Group A: 1, 24, 48, and 72 h; 2) Group B: 1, 24, 48, 72 h; 3) Group C: 1, 24, 72 h; 4) Group D1, 24, 48, 72 h; and so on.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

Both material and temporal considerations impact on linear dimensional stability. The most dimensionally stable material was discovered to be polyvinylsiloxane, followed by polyether, bisacryl, and bite registration wax.
Hepatitis B: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among the Graduating Dental Students of Odisha: A Web-Based Survey
Authors: Kashyap Shubham , Manohar Balaji , Bali Anmol K. , Sharma Nitin , Dhiman Meenu , Singh Ajaypal , Mishra Pratyush , Bhuvaneshwari S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Evaluating the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Hepatitis B viral infection among the interns of dental colleges in Odisha.

Materials and Method:

A questionnaire with 20 closed-ended questions was circulated to 269 interns in the dental colleges of Odisha. A total of 243 interns participated in the study and responded on various aspects of Hepatitis B viral infection including symptoms, transmission mechanisms, preventive measures, and immunization.

Results and Conclusion:

The findings revealed that while most dental interns had a basic understanding of Hepatitis B viral infection, significant gaps existed in their knowledge of transmission routes and the importance of vaccination.
Hypermagnesemia with Dystonia Type 2: Case Report of a New SLC30A10 Variant
Authors: Alamr Fahad , Alzahrani Hadeel M. , Alhomrani Meelaf A. , Alzhrani Abdulrhman S. , Alghamdi Ayan Adel Abdullah , Alharthi Atheer Awadh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Manganese-induced neurological disorder (HMNDYT1) is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of manganese in the brain, leading to neurological symptoms such as difficulties in walking. This disorder arises due to genetic mutations affecting manganese transport and metabolism. Presented is the case of a 5-year-9-month-old female from the south region, evaluated for walking difficulties. Born to non-consanguineous parents, her early developmental milestones were typical. However, her initial workup revealed polycythemia and hypermagnesemia, with significantly elevated manganese concentrations in whole blood (880 μg/L). Whole exome sequencing identified a novel missense homozygous variant (c. 137C>A p.(Ser46Tyr)) in the SLC30A10 gene, classified as a variant of uncertain significance (class 3) by the ACMG scheme. Furthermore, both parents were carriers of a heterozygous missense pathogenic variant (c. 1336G>C p.(Asp446His)) in the HMNDYT1 gene. MRI results confirmed manganese deposition in the basal ganglia and other brain regions. Management included biweekly phlebotomies for polycythemia and oral iron supplementation to reduce hypermagnesemia absorption. After two months, the patient was scheduled to be reviewed for CBC, LFT, RFT, MRI, and bone profile analysis.
Principles and Therapeutics of Yajna
Authors: Priya Sivan P. , Rao Padma , Padmanabhan Vivek , Chaitanya Nallan C. S. K.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. Yajna means selfless sacrifices performed along with sacred sounds, the mantras. The procedure includes offering selected herbal and sacred materials to the fire to obtain an array of benefits such as air purification and release of therapeutic compounds (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antidepression, and anticonvulsant) in the form of aerosol that enriches the atmosphere and soil. Microbial intrusions into the human system such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have proved their ability to hack the elements such as air, water, and earth to coerce humans’ physical and mental status. Panic during COVID (coronavirus disease) pandemic did not decline despite advanced therapeutic approaches. Vaccinating the human and animals of the entire globe within a specific time may not be a practically viable approach; adopting an alternative strategy that holistically represses the viral outbreak at various levels will support the medical and government authorities. Pandemic-combatted ancestors developed traditional remedies with secret medicinal portions prescribed to perform as rituals. One of those rituals is Yajna. Yajna procedure controls microbial load at both the environmental and zoonotic levels. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the advantages of scientifically establishing a correlation between Yajna and its potential contribution to prevent pandemics like COVID. An online search explored the phytotherapeutics of Yajna and correlated with the noninvasive drug delivery.
Antibacterial Properties of Lemon Juice–Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle
Authors: Missier Mary Sheloni , Ramakrishnan Mahesh , Veerasankar S , Dhanalakshmi C , Ponniah Harish , Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria has become a major global health concern, with the increasing prevalence of infections that are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. As a result, there is a critical need for alternative antimicrobial agents that can effectively control bacterial infections and combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the antibacterial properties of lemon juice mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was evaluated against oral pathogens. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was determined by the agar well diffusion assay.

Results:

Our results showed that both ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis. Our findings suggest that the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs is attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibition of bacterial growth.

Conclusion:

Therefore, lemon juice mediated ZnO NPs and TiO2 NPs can be considered as promising antimicrobial agents for controlling bacterial infections.
Comparative Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Three-Time Point Study Comparing Clear Aligners and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Authors: Pisarla Manish , Rathod Ravi , Kalpakuri Rajivi , Kumar P Anoop , Nishanth B , Goje Akshay , Kala Tejaswi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To evaluate the alkaline phosphatase level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at three time points using clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to treat patients with 4–6 mm crowding in their upper front teeth. The study involved 20 patients, with 10 assigned to each group. Eligible patients had fully erupted permanent teeth, moderate crowding, and excellent dental health. The study lasted for 14 days and involved thermoplastic trays, Gemini metal brackets, and micropipettes.

Results:

This clinical study analyzed 20 participants, comprising 11 females and 9 males, with an average age of 25.23 ± 3.56 years. The data showed no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels between the fixed orthodontic appliance and clear aligner groups. However, there was a notable increase in ALP levels in the crevicular fluid across both groups. The clear aligner group had significantly higher ALP levels at time points T1 and T2.

Conclusion:

Clear aligners may facilitate faster tooth movement due to elevated crevicular ALP levels, although robust scientific evidence is limited. The light force exerted by clear aligners may not significantly impact the overall rate of tooth movement.
Antioxidant Studies of Ayurvedic Medicine, Dhanwanthararishtam
Authors: Devi Barri Indira , Kalaivannan J , Jones Sumathi , Janaki CS , Sheriff Dhastagir , Prabhu K , Balakrishnan Deepalakkshmi , Selvam Angelin David
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Dhanwanthararishtam is a classical Ayurvedic medicine, primarily used for postnatal care and rejuvenation.

Aim:

The present study evaluates the antioxidant properties of the Ayurvedic medicine Dhanwanthararishtam, traditionally used for postnatal care to rejuvenate and strengthen the mother.

Methods:

ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, were the antibiotic assays carried out following standard protocols.

Results:

Among these assays, Dhanwanthararishtam exhibited exceptional results at very low concentrations in the FRAP assay, while the ABTS and DPPH assays showed moderate antioxidant activities.

Conclusion:

These findings clearly demonstrate the antioxidant potential of Dhanwanthararishtam, supporting its medicinal efficacy.
Effect of Passive Immunotherapeutics (IgY) on S. Mutans in Caries Active Children 8-11 Years of Age
Authors: Panigrahi Antarmayee , Pattanaik Snigdha , Mohammad Noorjahan , Sahoo Subhrajeet N. , Patnaik Swati , Sarangi Debarchita
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by combined effect of host, environment, and microorganism. Mutans Streptococci (MS) is the main microorganism in causing and progression of dental caries. Advances in science and technology led to attempt in managing dental caries by targeting its initiation and delaying its progress. Immunoglobulin Y has proven efficacy in reducing the colonisation of S. Mutans by affecting the adhesion.

Aim:

Thus the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of passive immunisation on S.Mutans levels in caries active children aged 8-11 yrs of age.

Materials and methods:

Total of 50 children were randomly divided into IgY mouthspray (Test Group) and 0.9% Saline (Control group). Saliva sample were collected and subjected to microbial examination using MSB agar at the end of 30 days of study period.

Results:

Within the limitations, it can be concluded that IgY mouthspray significantly reduces the adhesion and growth of the causative agent S.Mutans in caries active children.

Conclusion:

Use of passive immunisation significantly reduces the bacterial overload and thus decreasing the dental caries in high risk children.
Comparative Evaluation of the Flap and Flapless Techniques for the Extraction of Impacted Third Molars Using a Split-Mouth Prospective Randomized Control Research
Authors: Karpe Tanveer , Qureshi Mohammed Y. , Shaik Sheraz B. , Nasyam Fazil A. , Kavya Pinnamaneni , Harika Thatavarthi S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Comparative evaluation of the flap and flapless techniques for the extraction of impacted third molars using a split-mouth prospective randomized control research.

Material and Methods:

The research comprised 120 healthy individuals. Every patient having surgery was separated into two locations and then randomly allocated to two groups: Group I (control, n = 60) had surgical extraction of the lower third molar by elevating a buccal flap, and Group II (study group, n = 60) had surgical extraction of the lower third molar without the need to raise a buccal flap.

Results:

The flap group had a preoperative swelling measurement of 12.4 ± 1.2 cm. By the second day after the surgery, the edema grew to 14.6 ± 1.5 cm and gradually reduced to 13.0 ± 1.3 cm by the seventh day after the surgery. The preoperative edema in the flapless group was assessed at 12.5 ± 1.3 cm. By the second day after the operation, the swelling measured 13.2 ± 1.4 cm, and it dropped to 12.7 ± 1.2 cm by the seventh day after the operation. The evaluation of pain levels was done using a visual analog scale (VAS). By the second day after the operation, the group with flaps reported a pain score of 6.5 ± 1.1, which then declined to 4.3 ± 0.9 by the seventh day. The pain score in the group without flaps was 5.1 ± 1.0 on the second day after surgery and dropped to 3.2 ± 0.8 on the seventh day. Patients had a considerable reduction in discomfort when the flapless approach was used on both the second and seventh days after the surgery. The pocket depth was assessed by using a calibrated periodontal probe on the distal surface of the second molar. At the 1-month postoperative milestone, the flap group exhibited a pocket depth of 3.4 ± 0.5 mm, which marginally decreased to 3.2 ± 0.4 mm by the second month. In the group without flaps, the depth of the pocket was measured to be 3.1 ± 0.4 mm after 1 month and 3.0 ± 0.3 mm after 2 months.

Conclusion:

The flapless approach led to reduced postoperative edema, discomfort, and trismus as well as a shorter surgical time. Despite small variations in pocket depth, the flapless method resulted in a more favorable overall postoperative recovery.
Effects of Music Therapy and Deep Relaxation Techniques for Reducing Perioperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Muniyandi Anjali Devi , Pradhan Rekha , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Phalak Manoj , Suthar Hansaram , Bhavsar Nikhil , Plaha Paramjit Kaur , Naganandini Raju
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy and deep relaxation technique (DRT) in reducing perioperative anxiety, a challenging occurrence that can negatively impact treatment results and patient distress, and mitigate the adverse effects of anxiety-reducing drugs.

Methodology:

The study involved 90 patients, including 28 using DRT, 31 using music therapy, and 31 without intervention. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was employed to measure perioperative anxiety levels. DRT, music therapy, and routine interventions were used.

Results:

The study found a significant difference in pretest and posttest perioperative anxiety scores between the DRT and music therapy groups. Notably, there was a significant difference between the music therapy and control groups and a highly significant difference between the control and DRT groups.

Conclusion:

The study found that both music therapy and DRT can effectively reduce perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing spinal surgeries.
The alarming rise of lifestyle diseases and their impact on public health: A comprehensive overview and strategies for overcoming the epidemic
Authors: Garg Ram Kumar
Published: January 2025

The rising prevalence of lifestyle diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, obesity, and mental health disorders, poses a significant threat to global health. The aim of the study is to highlight the impact of sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and chronic stress on individuals and communities. It advocates for comprehensive strategies involving public health policies, education, and community engagement. Overcoming challenges through lifestyle modifications and policy interventions is crucial. The study also discusses successful global interventions and their application in low-resource settings to combat lifestyle diseases and improve public health. Lifestyle diseases pose a serious global health threat. Urgent action is needed to address sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and chronic stress. Coordinated efforts through policy, education, and community engagement are crucial. Promoting healthy habits and leveraging global interventions can lead to significant progress. Collaboration among stakeholders is essential for improving global well-being.
Evaluation of miR-146a as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Zare Nasrin , Dana Nasim , Mosayebi Azam , Vaseghi Golnaz , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy
Published: January 2025

Background:

Cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy may result in cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Clinicians can use the evaluation of cardiotoxicity-specific biomarkers, such as microRNA, as a tool for the early detection of cardiotoxicity. The study’s objective was to assess miR-146a levels as a potential biomarker for the detection of cardiotoxicity brought on by chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the levels of miR-146a were assessed in the blood of 37 breast cancer patients receiving anthracyclines without cardiotoxicity and 33 breast cancer patients experiencing cardiotoxicity brought on by chemotherapy after chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% was used to define heart failure by echocardiography.

Results:

MiR-146a did not show any significant difference in expression between these two study groups (P = 0.48, t-test). The expression level of miR-146a was not significantly associated with LVEF, age, and body mass index (P > 0.05), according to Pearson correlation.

Conclusion:

MiR-146a may be a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for cardiotoxicity brought on by chemotherapy, even though there was no discernible difference in the expression level of miR-146a between the control group and the breast cancer patients who were experiencing this side effect of chemotherapy. Therefore, miR-146a expression needs to be examined in a sizable cohort of breast cancer patients who are experiencing cardiotoxicity brought on by chemotherapy.
Constructing skew left braces whose additive group has trivial centre
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches Adolfo , Esteban-Romero Ramón , Jiménez-Seral Paz , Pérez-Calabuig Vicent
Published: January 2025

A complete description of all possible multiplicative groups of finite skew left braces whose additive group has trivial centre is given. As a consequence, some earlier results of Tsang can be improved and an answer to an open question set by Tsang at Ischia Group Theory 2024 Conference is provided.
Automorphisms of $K3$ surfaces, signatures, and isometries of lattices
Authors: Bayer-Fluckiger Eva
Published: January 2025

Let

\alpha

be a Salem number of degree

d

with

4 \leqslant d \leqslant 18

. We show that if

d \equiv 0, 4 \ {\rm or}\ 6 \allowbreak{\rm (mod \ 8)}

, then

\alpha

is the dynamical degree of an automorphism of a complex (non-projective)

K3

surface. We define a notion of
signature
of an automorphism, and use it to give a criterion for Salem numbers of degree 10 and 18 to be realized as the dynamical degree of such an automorphism. The first part of the paper contains results on isometries of lattices.
Generic equidistribution for area-preserving diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary
Authors: Pirnapasov Abror , Prasad Rohil
Published: January 2025

We prove that a generic area-preserving diffeomorphism of a compact surface with non-empty boundary has an equidistributed set of periodic orbits. This implies that such a diffeomorphism has a dense set of periodic points, although we also give a self-contained proof of this “generic density” theorem. One application of our results is the extension of mean action inequalities proved by Hutchings and Weiler for the disk and annulus to generic Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of any compact surface with boundary.