bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding aerosol–cloud interactions using a single-column model for a cold-air outbreak case during the ACTIVATE campaign
Authors: Tang Shuaiqi , Wang Hailong , Li Xiang-Yu , Chen Jingyi , Sorooshian Armin , Zeng Xubin , Crosbie Ewan , Thornhill Kenneth L. , Ziemba Luke D. , Voigt Christiane
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Marine boundary layer clouds play a critical role in Earth's energy balance. Their microphysical and radiative properties are highly impacted by ambient aerosols and dynamic forcings. In this study, we evaluate the representation of these clouds and related aerosol–cloud interaction processes in the single-column version of the E3SM climate model (SCM) against field measurements collected during the NASA ACTIVATE campaign over the western North Atlantic, as well as intercompare results with high-resolution process level models. We show that E3SM SCM reproduces the macrophysical properties of post-frontal boundary layer clouds in a cold-air outbreak (CAO) case well. However, it generates fewer but larger cloud droplets compared to aircraft measurements. Further sensitivity tests show that the underestimation of both aerosol number concentration and vertical velocity variance contributes to this bias. Aerosol–cloud interactions are examined by perturbing prescribed aerosol properties in E3SM SCM with fixed dynamics. Higher aerosol number concentration or hygroscopicity leads to more numerous but smaller cloud droplets, resulting in a stronger cooling via shortwave cloud forcing. This apparent Twomey effect is consistent with prior climate model studies. The cloud liquid water path shows a weakly positive relation with cloud droplet number concentration due to precipitation suppression. This weak aerosol effect on cloud macrophysics may be attributed to the dominant impact of strong dynamical forcing associated with the CAO. Our findings indicate that the SCM framework is a key tool to bridge the gap between climate models, process level models, and field observations to facilitate process level understanding.
Joint spectral retrievals of ozone with Suomi NPP CrIS augmented by S5P/TROPOMI
Authors: Malina Edward , Bowman Kevin W. , Kantchev Valentin , Kuai Le , Kurosu Thomas P. , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Natraj Vijay , Osterman Gregory B. , Oyafuso Fabiano , Thill Matthew D.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The vertical distribution of ozone plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry, climate change, air pollution, and human health. Over the 21st century, spaceborne remote-sensing methods and instrumentation have evolved to better determine this distribution. We quantify the ability of ozone retrievals to characterize this distribution through a sequential combination of thermal infrared (TIR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectral radiances, harnessing co-located TIR measurements from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) and UV measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is on the Sentinel 5-Precursor (S5P) satellite. Using the MUlti-SpEctra, MUlti-SpEcies, MUlti-SEnsors (MUSES) algorithm, the sequential combination of TIR and UV measurements, which follows retrievals from each instrument separately, moderately improves the ability of satellites to characterize global ozone profiles over the use of each instrument/band individually. The CrIS retrievals enhanced by TROPOMI radiances in the Huggins band (325–335 nm) show good agreement with independent datasets both in the troposphere and in the stratosphere in spite of calibration issues in the TROPOMI UV. Improved performance is characterized in the stratosphere from CrIS-TROPOMI, firstly through a modest increase in the degrees of freedom for signal (DFS; often between 0.1–0.2) and secondly through comparisons with the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), where a global multi-month-long comparison shows a mean difference ∼×10 lower than either CrIS or TROPOMI individually and R2 values 3 % higher. In the troposphere, CrIS-TROPOMI and CrIS show similar degrees of freedom for signal, with about 2 globally, but these are higher in the tropics partitioned equally between the lower and upper troposphere. CrIS-TROPOMI validation with ozonesondes shows improved performance over CrIS-only validation, with a difference in the tropospheric-column bias of between 30 % and 200 % depending on the season. Cross-comparisons with satellite instruments and reanalysis datasets show similar performances in terms of correlations and biases. These results demonstrate that CrIS and CrIS-TROPOMI retrievals have the potential to improve global satellite ozone retrievals, especially with future developments. If spectral accuracy is improved in future TROPOMI calibration, the degrees of freedom for signal in the stratosphere could double when using bands 1 and 2 of TROPOMI (270–330 nm), while tropospheric degrees of freedom for signal could increase by 25 %.
An information content approach to diagnosing and improving CLIMCAPS retrievals across instruments and satellites
Authors: Smith Nadia , Barnet Christopher D.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The Community Long-term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) characterizes the atmospheric state as vertical profiles (commonly known as soundings or retrievals) of temperature, water vapor, CO2, CO, CH4, O3, HNO3 and N2O, together with a suite of Earth surface and cloud properties. The CLIMCAPS record spans more than two decades (2002–present) because it utilizes measurements from a series of different instruments on different satellite platforms. Most notably, these are AIRS+AMSU (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder + Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit) on Aqua and CrIS+ATMS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder + Advanced Thermal Microwave Sounder) on SNPP and the JPSS series. Both instrument suites are on satellite platforms in low-Earth orbit with local overpass times of ~1:30 am/pm. The CrIS interferometers are identical across the different platforms, but differ from AIRS, which is a grating spectrometer. At first order, CrIS+ATMS and AIRS+AMSU are similar enough to allow a continuous CLIMCAPS record, which was first released in 2020 as Version 2 (V2). In this paper, we take a closer look at CLIMCAPS V2 soundings from AIRS+AMSU (on Aqua) and CrIS+ATMS (on SNPP) to diagnose product continuity across the two instrument suites. We demonstrate how averaging kernels, as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) indicators, can be used to understand and improve multi-instrument systems such as CLIMCAPS. We conclude with recommendations for future CLIMCAPS upgrades.
A solid-state IR laser for two-step desorption/ionization processes in single-particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Schmidt Marco , Hakkim Haseeb , Anders Lukas , Kalamašņikovs Aleksandrs , Kröger-Badge Thomas , Irsig Robert , Graf Norbert , Kelnberger Reinhard , Passig Johannes , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Recent advancements in single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) have enabled the detection of aromatic hydrocarbons at the individual particle level in conjunction with inorganic/refractory particle components. However, the laser desorption (LD) of organic material from particles prior to their ionization in a two-step process necessitates pulsed infrared lasers with adequate pulse energy that can be irregularly triggered on detected particles. Pulsed CO2 lasers with a 10.6 µm wavelength have been traditionally utilized, yet these lasers are bulky, costly, and require regular maintenance, including gas exchange or a continuous laser gas supply. In this study, we present the application of a prototype solid-state laser based on an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) crystal, emitting long pulses of 200 µs at 3 µm wavelength as a compact, cost-effective, and user-friendly alternative for LD. We directly compared the new laser with a commonly used CO2 laser and found similar performance in LD for both laboratory particles and ambient air experiments. With the exception of slightly increased fragmentation observed with the CO2 laser due to its beam profile, no qualitative differences were noted in the resulting mass spectra. Additionally, we compared the novel two-step ionization scheme for the combined detection of aromatic molecules and inorganics with conventional single-step laser desorption/ionization (LDI) for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in laboratory and field experiments. The combined methods demonstrated superior performance in the detection of PAHs, for both the CO2 and the new Er:YAG laser. In addition to its higher sensitivity and lower fragmentation for PAHs when compared to single-step LDI, it is less dependent on the particle matrix, sharing the benefits of traditional two-step methods but extending its capability to combine PAH measurements with the LDI-based detection of inorganic particle compounds.
High-pressure Ca metasomatism of metabasites (Mont Avic, Western Alps): insights into fluid–rock interaction during subduction
Authors: Lecacheur Kilian , Fabbri Olivier , Piccoli Francesca , Lanari Pierre , Goncalves Philippe , Leclère Henri
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The study of rock chemistry is a milestone in understanding fluid–rock interactions and fluid migration in subduction zones. When combined with thermodynamic models, it can provide direct insight into fluid composition, metasomatic reactions, and pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions, as well as their role in rock deformation. Here, a shear zone – located in the Mont Avic area of the Zermatt-Saas zone (Western Alps) – is analyzed. This shear zone consists of several blocks of different lithotypes, including a Ca-rich metasomatite block embedded in a serpentinite mylonitic matrix, and structurally underlies a coherent eclogitic mafic unit. This work aims to estimate the pressure–temperature conditions of the Ca-rich metasomatism and the amount of fluid involved. The brecciation exhibits mosaic breccia textures with clasts comprising ∼80 vol % of garnet, together with omphacite, epidote, titanite, rutile, and apatite hosted in an omphacite matrix. Quantitative chemical mapping of the garnet reveals primary garnet cores with embayment and lobate edges with a chemical composition similar to unaltered reference eclogite garnet. These primary garnet cores are overlain by Ca-rich metasomatic garnet rims with oscillatory chemical zoning. The oscillatory chemical zoning, together with the morphology of the primary garnet cores, suggests repeated influxes of external Ca-rich fluid that destabilized the primary garnet cores and promoted the growth of Ca-rich rims. Mass balance calculations between precursor metabasite and Ca-metasomatite indicate multiple fluid sources involving dehydrated serpentinite, calcic metasediments, and metabasites with time-integrated fluid fluxes calculated between 11.5×103 and 5.5×104 mfluid3 mrock-2, consistent with channelized fluid flow in an open system. Thermodynamic modeling of garnet from unbrecciated and non-metasomatized metabasites – from the Savoney eclogitic mafic unit – indicates peak metamorphic conditions of 2.5±0.1 GPa and 535±40 °C, consistent with regional estimates. Pressure–temperature conditions of metasomatism were constrained using P–X and T–X phase modeling (where X represents changes in bulk CaO and Na2O composition) between 2.6–2.2 GPa and 570–500 °C, showing that Ca-rich fluid percolation occurred close to the metamorphic peak (i.e., prograde to the peak or early exhumation path).
Time-series of Landsat-based bi-monthly and annual spectral indices for continental Europe for 2000–2022
Authors: Tian Xuemeng , Consoli Davide , Witjes Martijn , Schneider Florian , Parente Leandro , Şahin Murat , Ho Yu-Feng , Minařík Robert , Hengl Tomislav
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The production and evaluation of the Analysis Ready and Cloud Optimized (ARCO) data cube for continental Europe (including Ukraine, the UK, and Turkey), derived from the Landsat Analysis Ready Data version 2 (ARD V2) produced by Global Land Analysis and Discovery team (GLAD) and covering the period from 2000 to 2022 is described. The data cube consists of 17TB of data at a 30–meter resolution and includes bimonthly, annual, and long-term spectral indices on various thematic topics, including: surface reflectance bands, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI), minimum Normalized Difference Tillage Index (minNDTI), Bare Soil Fraction (BSF), Number of Seasons (NOS), and Crop Duration Ratio (CDR). The data cube was developed with the intention of providing a comprehensive feature space for environmental modeling and soil, vegetation, and land cover mapping. To evaluate its effectiveness for this purpose, the quality of the produced time series was assessed by: (1) visual examination for artifacts and inconsistencies, (2) plausibility checks with ground survey data, and (3) predictive modeling tests, examples with soil organic carbon (SOC) and land cover (LC) classification. The results of visual examination indicate that the gap-filled product is complete and consistent, except for winter periods in northern latitudes and high-altitude areas where high cloud and snow density make gap-filling complex, and hence many artifacts remain. The plausibility results further show that the indices effectively help differentiate landscapes and crop types: the BSF index showed a strong negative correlation (-0.73) with crop coverage data, effectively detecting soil exposure. The minNDTI index had a moderate positive correlation (0.57) with the Eurostat tillage practices survey data, indicating valuable information on the intensity of the tillage. The detailed temporal resolution and long-term characteristics provided by different tiers of predictors in this data cube proved to be important for both soil organic carbon regression and LC classification experiments based on the 60,723 LUCAS observations: long-term characteristics (tier 4) were particularly valuable for predictive mapping of SOC and LC coming on the top of variable importance assessment. Crop-specific indices (NOS and CDR) provided limited value for the tested applications, possibly due to noise or insufficient quantification methods. The data cube is made available under a CC-BY license and will be continuously updated.
DeepPhenoMem V1.0: deep learning modelling of canopy greenness dynamics accounting for multi-variate meteorological memory effects on vegetation phenology
Authors: Liu Guohua , Migliavacca Mirco , Reimers Christian , Kraft Basil , Reichstein Markus , Richardson Andrew D. , Wingate Lisa , Delpierre Nicolas , Yang Hui , Winkler Alexander J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Vegetation phenology plays a key role in controlling the seasonality of ecosystem processes that modulate carbon, water and energy fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere. Accurate modelling of vegetation phenology in the interplay of Earth's surface and the atmosphere is thus crucial to understand how the coupled system will respond to and shape climatic changes. Phenology is controlled by meteorological conditions at different timescales: on the one hand, changes in key meteorological variables (temperature, water, radiation) can have immediate effects on the vegetation development; on the other hand, phenological changes can be driven by past environmental conditions, known as memory effects. However, the processes governing meteorological memory effects on phenology are not completely understood, resulting in their limited performance of vegetation phenology represented in land surface models. A deep learning model, specifically a long short-term memory network (LSTM), has the potential to capture and model the meteorological memory effects on vegetation phenology. Here, we apply the LSTM to model the vegetation phenology using meteorological drivers and high-temporal-resolution canopy greenness observations through digital repeat photography by the PhenoCam network. We compare a multiple linear regression model, a no-memory-effect LSTM model and a full-memory-effect LSTM model to predict the whole seasonal greenness trajectory and the corresponding phenological transition dates across 50 sites and 317 site years during 2009–2018, covering deciduous broadleaf forests, evergreen needleleaf forests and grasslands. Results show that the deep learning model outperforms the multiple linear regression model, and the full-memory-effect LSTM model performs better than the no-memory-effect model for all three plant function types (median R2 of 0.878, 0.957 and 0.955 for broadleaf forests, evergreen needleleaf forests and grasslands). We also find that the full-memory-effect LSTM model is capable of predicting the seasonal dynamic variations of canopy greenness and reproducing trends in shifting phenological transition dates. We also performed a sensitivity analysis of the full-memory-effect LSTM model to assess its plausibility, revealing its coherence with established knowledge of vegetation phenology sensitivity to meteorological conditions, particularly changes in temperature. Our study highlights that (1) multi-variate meteorological memory effects play a crucial role in vegetation phenology, and (2) deep learning opens up new avenues for improving the representation of vegetation phenological processes in land surface models via a hybrid modelling approach.
CICE on a C-grid: new momentum, stress, and transport schemes for CICEv6.5
Authors: Lemieux Jean-François , Lipscomb William H. , Craig Anthony , Bailey David A. , Hunke Elizabeth C. , Blain Philippe , Rasmussen Till A. S. , Bentsen Mats , Dupont Frédéric , Hebert David , Allard Richard
Published: September 2024

Abstract. This article presents the C-grid implementation of the CICE sea ice model, including the C-grid discretization of the momentum equation, the boundary conditions (BCs), and the modifications to the code required to use the incremental remapping transport scheme. To validate the new C-grid implementation, many numerical experiments were conducted and compared to the B-grid solutions. In idealized experiments, the standard advection method (incremental remapping with C-grid velocities interpolated to the cell corners) leads to a checkerboard pattern. A modal analysis demonstrates that this computational noise originates from the spatial averaging of C-grid velocities at corners. The checkerboard pattern can be eliminated by adjusting the departure regions to match the divergence obtained from the solution of the momentum equation. We refer to this novel approach as the edge flux adjustment (EFA) method. The C-grid discretization with edge flux adjustment allows for transport in channels that are one grid cell wide – a capability that is not possible with the B-grid discretization nor with the C-grid and standard remapping advection. Simulation results match the predicted values of a novel analytical solution for one-grid-cell-wide channels.
The Measurement Error Proxy System Model: MEPSM v0.2
Authors: Fischer Matt J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Proxy system models (PSMs) are an essential component of paleoclimate data assimilation and for testing climate field reconstruction methods. Generally, current statistical PSMs consider the noise in the output (proxy) variable only and ignore the noise in the input (environmental) variables. This problem is exacerbated when there are several input variables. Here we develop a new PSM, the Measurement Error Proxy System Model (MEPSM), which includes noise in all variables, including noise auto- and cross-correlation. The MEPSM is calibrated using a quasi-Bayesian solution, which leverages Gaussian conjugacy to produce a fast solution. Another advantage of MEPSM is that the prior can be used to stabilize the solution between an informative prior (e.g., with a non-zero mean) and the maximum likelihood solution. MEPSM is illustrated by calibrating a proxy model for δ18Ocoral with multiple inputs (marine temperature and salinity), including noise in all variables. MEPSM is applicable to many different climate proxies and will improve our understanding of the effects of predictor noise on PSMs, data assimilation, and climate reconstruction.
Preliminary evaluation of the effect of electro-coalescence with conducting sphere approximation on the formation of warm cumulus clouds using SCALE-SDM version 0.2.5–2.3.0
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Zhou Limin , Shima Shin-ichiro , Yang Huawei
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The phenomenon of electric fields applied to droplets, inducing droplet coalescence, is called the electro-coalescence effect. An analytic expression for electro-coalescence with the accurate electrostatic force for a pair of droplets with opposite-sign charges is established by treating the droplets as conducting spheres (CSs). To investigate this effect, we applied a weak electric field to a cumulus cloud using a cloud model that employs the super-droplet method, a probabilistic particle-based microphysics method. This study employs a two-dimensional (2D) large-eddy simulation (LES) in a flow-coupled model to examine aerosol microphysics (such as collision–coalescence enhancement, velocity fluctuations, and supersaturation fluctuations) in warm cumulus clouds without relying on subgrid dynamics. In the simulation, we assume that droplets carry opposite-sign charges and are well mixed within the cloud. The charge is not treated as an individual particle attribute. To assess fluctuation effects, we conducted 50 simulations with varying pseudo-random number sequences for each electro-coalescence treatment. The results show that, with CS treatment, the electrostatic force contributes a larger effect on cloud evolution than in previous research. With a lower charge limit of the maximum charge amount on the droplet, the domain total precipitation with CS treatment for droplets with opposite signs is higher than that with the no-charge (NC) setting. Compared to previous work, the multi-image dipole treatment of CS results in higher precipitation. It is found that the electro-coalescence effect could affect rain formation even when the droplet charge is at the lower charge limit. High pollution levels result in greater sensitivity to electro-coalescence. The results show that, when the charge ratio between two droplets is over 100, the short-range attractive electric force due to the multi-image dipole would also significantly enhance precipitation for the cumulus. It is indicated that, although the accurate treatment of the electrostatic force with the CS method would require 30 % longer computation time than before, it is worthwhile to include it in cloud, weather, and climate models.
openAMUNDSEN v1.0: an open-source snow-hydrological model for mountain regions
Authors: Strasser Ulrich , Warscher Michael , Rottler Erwin , Hanzer Florian
Published: September 2024

Abstract. openAMUNDSEN (the open source version of the Alpine MUltiscale Numerical Distributed Simulation ENgine) is a fully distributed snow-hydrological model, designed primarily for calculating the seasonal evolution of snow cover and melt rates in mountain regions. It resolves the mass and energy balance of snow-covered surfaces and layers of the snowpack, thereby including the most important processes that are relevant in complex mountain topography. The potential model applications are very versatile; typically, it is applied in areas ranging from the point scale to the regional scale (i.e., up to some thousands of square kilometers) using a spatial resolution of 10–1000 m and a temporal resolution of 1–3 h or daily. Temporal horizons may vary between single events and climate change scenarios. The openAMUNDSEN model has already been used for many applications, which are referenced herein. It features a spatial interpolation of meteorological observations, several layers of snow with different density and liquid-water contents, wind-induced lateral redistributions, snow–canopy interactions, glacier ice responses to climate, and more. The model can be configured according to each specific application case. A basic consideration for its development was to include a variety of process descriptions of different complexity to set up individual model runs which best match a compromise between physical detail, transferability, simplicity, and computational performance for a certain region in the European Alps, typically a (preferably gauged) hydrological catchment. The Python model code and example data are available as an open-source project on GitHub (https://github.com/openamundsen/openamundsen, last access: 1 June 2024).
Regionalization in global hydrological models and its impact on runoff simulations: a case study using WaterGAP3 (v 1.0.0)
Authors: Kupzig Jenny , Kupzig Nina , Flörke Martina
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Valid simulation results from global hydrological models (GHMs), such as WaterGAP3, are essential for detecting hotspots or studying patterns in climate change impacts. However, the lack of worldwide monitoring data makes it challenging to adapt GHM parameters to enable such valid simulations globally. Therefore, regionalization is necessary to estimate parameters in ungauged basins. This study presents the results of regionalization methods for the first time applied to the GHM WaterGAP3. It aims to provide insights into (1) selecting a suitable regionalization method for a GHM and (2) evaluating its impact on runoff simulation. In this study, four new regionalization methods have been identified as appropriate for WaterGAP3. These methods span the full spectrum of methodologies, i.e., regression-based methods, physical similarity, and spatial proximity, using traditional and machine-learning-based approaches. Moreover, the methods differ in the descriptors used to achieve optimal results, although all utilize climatic and physiographic descriptors. This demonstrates (1) that different methods use descriptor sets with varying efficiency and (2) that combining climatic and physiographic descriptors is optimal for regionalizing worldwide basins. Additionally, our research indicates that regionalization leads to spatially and temporally varying uncertainty in ungauged regions. For example, regionalization highly affects southern South America, leading to high uncertainties in the flood simulation of the Río Deseado. The local impact of regionalization propagates through the water system, also affecting global estimates, as evidenced by a spread of 1500 km3 yr−1 across an ensemble of five regionalization methods in simulated global runoff to the ocean. This discrepancy is even more pronounced when using a regionalization method deemed unsuitable for WaterGAP3, resulting in a spread of 4208 km3 yr−1. This significant increase highlights the importance of carefully choosing regionalization methods. Further research is needed to enhance the predictor selection and the understanding of the robustness of the methods on a global scale.
A data-centric perspective on the information needed for hydrological uncertainty predictions
Authors: Auer Andreas , Gauch Martin , Kratzert Frederik , Nearing Grey , Hochreiter Sepp , Klotz Daniel
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Uncertainty estimates are fundamental to assess the reliability of predictive models in hydrology. We use the framework of conformal prediction to investigate the impact of temporal and spatial information on uncertainty estimates within hydrological predictions. Integrating recent information significantly enhances overall uncertainty predictions, even with substantial gaps between updates. While local information yields good results on average, it proves to be insufficient for peak-flow predictions. Incorporating global information improves the accuracy of peak-flow bounds, corroborating findings from related studies. Overall, the study underscores the importance of continuous data updates and the integration of global information for robust and efficient uncertainty estimation.
An Automated Method for Pavement Surface Distress Evaluation
Authors: Satheesan Deepak , Talib Mahdi , Li Songnian , Yuan Arnold (Xian-Xun)
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Evaluation of surface distress is an important aspect of pavement management. The most common practice to assess surface distress is to develop a pavement condition index (PCI), with ASTM-PCI being the most widely used in evaluating flexible pavements. Traditional PCI evaluation methods rely on labour-intensive, manual inspections, leading to significant time consumption. In recent years, real-time visualization and crowdsourcing have been explored, but their potential has yet to be fully realized. Integrating real-time visualization through GIS technology offers immediate insights into pavement conditions, aiding prompt decision-making. Crowdsourcing allows a broader community to contribute to condition reporting, enhancing data accuracy and coverage. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for road condition assessment from crowd-sourced images. A deep-learning object detection model is utilized for precise crack detection and classification. The model is trained to recognize various distress types accurately and quantify attributes crucial for determining the PCI. The developed model is then integrated into a web-based platform accessible through mobile phones and dash cameras, allowing real-time capture and classification of cracks. The study demonstrates that the automated methodology significantly enhances PCI estimation efficiency, with a high correlation between semi-automated and automated methods. Stakeholders can benefit from deep learning and automation in pavement distress detection, aiding informed decision-making through crowdsourcing data. Future work includes the detection of subclasses within crack types based on severity and the creation of digital twins for public assets. Overall, this study highlights the transformative potential of AI and crowdsourcing in improving pavement management.
UAS and TLS 3D data fusion for built cultural heritage assessment and the application for St. Catherine Monastery in Ferrara, Italy
Authors: Balestrieri Matilde , Valmori Irene , Montuori Manlio
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The present research, conducted at the Monastery of St. Catherine in Ferrara, Italy, is an integral component of a broader investigation focused on comprehending, recognizing and enhancing the tangible values of the Dominican priests and their sacred sites in Ferrara, utilizing advanced digital surveying techniques. The architectural legacy of this monastery serves as a insightful link to the city’s history and inhabitants. Regrettably, its typological features are frequently overlooked or altered, underscoring the need to grasp these characteristics as a fundamental step in ensuring their preservation. Given the monastery’s distinct typological and geometrical attributes, an integrated survey approach was implemented to gather essential data for reconstructing the building in its existing state, encompassing both an urban and detailed scale. This comprehensive assessment sought to evaluate the critical conditions of the construction that required improvement.The objective of this paper is to underscore the advancements achieved in assessing structural health behaviour, incorporating data obtained through terrestrial laser scanning (i.e., TLS) and structure-from-motion techniques, coupled with an unmanned aerial system (i.e., UAS), to generate a three-dimensional data model that accurately captures the entire spatiality of the building and its urban context. As a result, the building assessment demonstrated which parts of the building’s facades were overturning, while identifying the thorough kinematic phenomena progressively acting. The related considerations lead to a structural project perfectly shaped on the unique characteristics of the complex supported by data as accurately as possible, which also positively influenced the entire architectural design process.
Late Pliocene to recent depositional processes on the Sabrina Coast (East Antarctica): the diatom contribution
Authors: Tolotti Raffaella , Leventer Amy , Donda Federica , Armand Leanne , Noble Taryn , O'Brien Phil , Zhao Xiang , Heslop David , Post Alix , Romeo Roberto , Caburlotto Andrea , Cotterle Diego , Corradi Nicola
Published: September 2024

Abstract. By examining the sedimentary records from two new cores collected from the Sabrina Coast slope, we have developed an age model spanning from the late Pliocene to the present. From multiproxy sediment analyses of the piston and kasten core, PC03, and KC03, collected during the IN2017_V01 survey on the Sabrina Coast (East Antarctica) offshore the Totten Glacier, we here present the outcomes derived within the seismostratigraphic record coupled with the sedimentological, geochemical paleomagnetic, and biostratigraphic contexts. Our results highlight that the area has been affected by recurrent sediment slides facilitated by siliceous deposits, both biogenic and from an unprecedented tephra layer, during some of the major paleoclimatological events of the late Pliocene. Diatoms contributed not only to the biostratigraphic and depositional environmental definition but also to the instability of the slope, together with the tephra layer, as documented offshore the Sabrina–Aurora Basin for the first time.
PRESERVE: adding variable flip-angle excitation to transverse relaxation-optimized NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Brutscher Bernhard
Published: September 2024

Abstract. We introduce the “Polarization Restoring Excitation SEquence foR Versatile Experiments” (PRESERVE) pulse sequence element, allowing variable flip-angle adjustment in 2D 1H–15N and 1H–13C transverse-relaxation-optimized-spectroscopy (TROSY)-type correlation experiments. PRESERVE-TROSY exploits a remarkable array of up to nine orthogonal coherence-transfer pathways, showcasing the remarkable potential of spin manipulations achievable through the design and optimization of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences.
How a volcanic arc influences back-arc extension: insight from 2D numerical models
Authors: Zhang Duo , Davies J. Huw
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Investigating plate tectonics through the lens of back-arc extension in subduction systems, this study introduces a “hot region” onto an overriding plate (OP) in 2D thermo-mechanical models, simulating the role of an arc. The models identified two extension locations on the OP: Extension in the Hot region (mode EH) and Extension at a Far-field location (mode EF), which is about 750 km from the trench. The study also found that extension can occur at the same far-field location without a hot region when the OP is young and thin or when the subducting plate (SP) is old with a high sinking velocity. Our models suggest that the EH mode is common, occurring in many cases like the Mariana Trough and Lau Basin, while the EF mode is rare, potentially occurring in locations like the Japan Sea. The primary driving mechanism in our models is poloidal flow beneath the OP, and the extension process involves competition between basal drag, which thins the OP, and thermal healing, which thickens it, as well as competition between thermal weakening in the hot region and that at the far-field location. Increased trench retreat rates, facilitated by increased hot-region temperature and width, have encouraged this flow and have consequently promoted back-arc extension.
Frontátvonulás [‘Frontal Passage’]
Authors: Senechal Diana
Published: September 2024

The legendary songwriting collaboration between the writer Géza Bereményi (1946–) and the musician Tamás Cseh (1943–2009) led to twenty full-length albums as well as countless bootlegs, singles, and unreleased recordings. With its unique mixture of absurdity and suggestion, story and song, comedy and pathos, their work broke ground in its time and influences songwriters today. Little has been written about it in English; this article aims to introduce readers to Bereményi and Cseh’s opus through their Frontátvonulás [‘Frontal Passage’], a story-song show first performed by Cseh in 1979 and released as an album in 1983. Telling of the characters Vizi and Ecsédi and the miracles they incite at Budapest Keleti Station, and setting a plethora of other characters to song, this work is at least partly about ends and endings. After briefly introducing Cseh and Bereményi, this article examines Frontátvonulás in light of its four stages (disorientation, stagnancy, breakthrough, ending), treating the last as a key to the whole. The author calls Frontátvonulás “an album of no return” both because it emphasizes its own ending and because it confronts the audience irrevocably.
Ukraine and Hungary
Authors: Jeszenszky Géza
Published: September 2024

With the loosening of central control, the fifteen “Socialist Soviet Republics” started to (re)assert themselves. After the failed coup in August 1991, following the Baltic states, Ukraine declared itself independent. Even before that Hungary started to build special relations with its largest neighbor, and on December 6, 1991, signed a treaty with Kiev “on good-neighborhood and cooperation.” An integral part of the treaty was a Protocol on the protection of national minorities. That provided extensive political rights to the then about 200,000 strong Hungarian community of Sub-Carpathia, including education in Hungarian up to the age of 18. In the next decade, Hungary had most cordial relations with Ukraine. Due to the growth of Ukrainian national feeling, much strengthened by Russia’s seizure of Crimea and territories in the eastern border area, in 2017 Ukraine passed a new Law on Education. The new law restricted teaching in the language of a national minority only until the age of 10, above that making the required language of instruction Ukrainian. Hungary has been severely critical of the change, and retaliated by blocking Ukraine's western integration into the European Union and NATO. The conflict contributed to Hungary’s unfriendly policy towards Ukraine following Russia’s aggression in February 2022. Ukraine later modified the law so that instruction could continue in the languages of the national minorities. Since that change, there have been signs of a thaw in bilateral relations.
Glances Backward — Glances Forward
Authors: Bojti Zsolt
Published: September 2024

The first openly gay detective novel, one of the first overtly homosexual fictions published by a British press, and possibly the most popular fiction in the 1950s about male same-sex desire, The Heart in Exile (1953), was written under the pseudonym Rodney Garland. The author’s identity has sparked debates since the very first publication of the novel. Although it seems to be the common consensus that the novel was written by Hungarian journalist Adam de Hegedus, there are disputes about the person of the real author and the authorship of the Garland series. This paper first addresses these questions of authorship. Then, it moves on to argue that the novelty of The Heart in Exile in the early 1950s was the juxtaposition of glancing backward and forward, with emphasis on the novel’s treatment and uses of prior literary discourse.
La conférence de Berlin et sa résonance dans le roman postcolonial africain contemporain
Authors: MAMBI MAGNACK Jules Michelet
Published: September 2024

La présente étude nous plonge au cœur de la problématique ancienne, mais toujours pertinente, du rapport entre le roman africain et l’histoire. Les textes que nous analysons convoquent un grand événement historique, la conférence de Berlin, dont les effets modélisent le fonctionnement de la société africaine et de ses institutions actuelles. Cet événement marquant de l’histoire de l’Afrique, ainsi que ses conséquences sociales et politiques (fractures et reconfigurations des territoires et des nations, conflits ethniques et politiques...), nourrissent les trames narratives de ces textes. Nous nous investissons à montrer comment l’écriture littéraire articule l’histoire sociale et institutionnelle du continent. L’on constate que ces textes se caractérisent par un envahissement du discours romanesque par le discours historique, à travers une profusion de faits historiques réels travaillés par le pouvoir créatif des auteurs. Il s’agit pour ces derniers de décentrer le logos de l’histoire centré exclusivement sur la perception occidentale, en proposant leur propre version. Une telle étude constitue une invitation à se défaire de la hantise du passé et à se projeter résolument dans le futur, en visant une meilleure appropriation de l’histoire pour mieux construire le futur à travers l’application de choix géopolitiques judicieux et la construction des nations africaines unies dans leurs diversités.
Markers of discourse structure in digital crowdfunding science proposals
Authors: Vela-Rodrigo Alberto A.
Published: September 2024

In a scientific context of growing interdependence at a global level, digital genres for public communication of science in the Internet are gaining scholarly attention. Yet, although these genres have been mainly examined through their rhetorical organisation and their main discourse features, research on the latter is to date limited. To fill this gap, this study focuses on the functions of linguistic markers of discourse structure in texts exemplars of science crowdfunding online. Overall results show that constructing a semantically coherent discourse is fundamental to achieve the main communicative purposes of this genre, namely to inform about science while requesting the public’s donations for carrying out a project. Results also show that linguistic markers of discourse structure are widely used for establishing contrast among ideas and concepts, and by this means build the argument and persuade the reader that it is important to finance the project. They also help the construction of a coherent academic discourse in every rhetorical section (Overview, Lab Notes, Discussion), exhibiting variation across them according to their communicative functions.
Értelmi fogyatékosság hajléktalan emberek körében: azonosítás, szükségletek, támogatási lehetőségek. Felmérő szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Gyöngyösi Katalin
Published: September 2024

Háttér és célok: Míg a fogyatékossággal élő emberek alapvető joga a közösségben való élet, a lakhatás kihívást jelent ma Magyarországon. A hajléktalanellátás belső felmérései alapján az ügyfélkörben megjelennek testi, értelmi fogyatékossággal élő emberek is. Erről célzott, empirikus vizsgálat még nem történt. E tanulmány célja az értelmi fogyatékosságra fókuszálva a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján feltárni és magyar nyelven bemutatni, hogy más országokban a hajléktalan emberek körében 1) milyen módszerekkel azonosították az értelmi fogyatékosságot, 2) milyen gyakorinak bizonyult ez, 3) milyen támogatási szükségleteket és 4) milyen gyakorlati implikációkat azonosítottak.
Módszer: Felmérő szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés történt az Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, APA PSychArticles és Web of Science adatbázisokban keresve, 2012. január – 2023. június közt megjelent közlemények közül szűrés után 14 tanulmány elemzésével.
Eredmények: Különböző országokban, többféle módszerrel mérve a népességbeli aránynál gyakoribb az értelmi fogyatékosság előfordulása hajléktalan emberek közt és sokszor társul más, főleg pszichés problémákkal. Az önálló életvitelhez a lakhatás mellett életviteli készségek fejlesztésére és tartós, közösségi alapú támogatásra is szükség lehet.
Következtetések: A jelenre irányuló kutatások mellett a megelőzéshez, beavatkozáshoz hasznos volna vizsgálni az értelmi fogyatékosság és hajléktalanná válás összefüggéseit is, az intelligenciafókuszú hagyományos klinikai felfogás helyett több figyelmet fordítva az adaptív működésre és az egyén környezetére.
Kulcsszavak: hajléktalanság, értelmi fogyatékosság, prevalencia, szűrés, támogatási szükségletek
Tanulási nehézséggel diagnosztizált alsó tagozatos tanulók kommunikációs képességeinek felmérése a Gyermeki Kommunikációs Kérdőív (CCC-2) segítségével
Authors: Svindt Veronika , Kassai-Izing Anna
Published: September 2024

Háttér és célok: Bár a hazai gyakorlatban egyelőre kevéssé közismert, de a tanulási nehézségek hátterében gyakran okkal feltételezhetünk fel nem ismert szociális-kommunikációs és pragmatikai nehézségeket. A nemzetközi gyakorlatban a pragmatikai képesség felmérésére több módszer is rendelkezésre áll. Ezek közül egy, számos országban és nyelven régóta széles körben használt eszközt választottunk: a CCC-2-t (Children’s Communication Checklist; Bishop, 2003). Az eszköz egy szülői kérdőív, melynek magyar adaptációja kutatási célokra már elkészült (Gyermeki Kommunikációs Kérdőív; Kas & Svindt, 2019), noha a validációja még nem történt meg.
Módszer: Kutatásunkban összesen 50 gyermeket vizsgáltunk a CCC-2 magyar adaptációjával. 25 fő BTMn státuszú, tanulási nehézséggel diagnosztizált, alsó tagozatos általános iskolás gyermeket, valamint 25 fő életkorban illesztett kontroll gyermeket.
Eredmények: Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a tanulási nehézséggel diagnosztizált gyermekek 44%-ánál tapasztalható szignifikáns elmaradás a kontrollcsoporthoz képest, amely elmaradás vagy a strukturális nyelvi képességeket, vagy a pragmatikai képességeket, esetenként mindkettőt érinti.
Következtetések: Kutatásunk megerősíti, hogy a BTMn státusz esetében is rendkívül fontos volna a szociális-kommunikációs és pragmatikai képességek szűrése is, mivel az ide sorolt gyermekek több mint harmada jelentős nehézségekkel küzd ezekben a képességekben.
Kulcsszavak: pragmatikai képesség; tanulási nehézség; Gyermeki Kommunikációs Kérdőív (CCC-2); BTMn
Ideális iskolai környezet ADHD-val diagnosztizált tanulók számára. Tanulói és szakértői meglátások
Authors: Hábencius Liza , Bányai Borbála
Published: September 2024

Háttér és célok: Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy feltérképezzük az ADHD-val diagnosztizált tanulókat támogató iskolai környezet jellegzetességeit, továbbá, hogy az érintett tanulók, illetve a szakértők megkérdezésével gyakorlati javaslatokat gyűjtsünk a célcsoport oktatásához, melyek a kutatás befejeztével beépíthetővé válnak az őket nevelő iskolák mindennapi tevékenységébe.
Módszer: Különnevelő intézményben tanuló diákokkal és szakértőkkel egyaránt félig strukturált interjú keretein belül kifejezetten feltáró jelleggel vizsgáltuk a támogató iskolai környezetről való elképzeléseiket.
Eredmények: Az interjúk során megkérdezett tanulók és a szakértők megközelítőleg ugyanolyannak írták le a megfelelő iskolai környezetet. Különbség abban mutatkozott meg, hogy néhány szakértő nem támogatta a házi feladat feladását, továbbá, a tanulók egyike sem választaná az egész napos iskolát.
Következtetések: Az iskolai környezet az érintett tanulók számára megfelelőbbé tehető szemléletváltással és könnyen megvalósítható változtatásokkal. A szakértők és a tanulók által leírt környezet jellegzetességeinek egyezéséből következtethetünk arra, hogy ahhoz, hogy megtegyük az első lépéseket az ADHD-val diagnosztizált tanulókat támogató iskolai környezet megteremtése felé, elegendő a tanulók véleményének meghallgatása, a „Semmit rólunk nélkülünk” elvet követve.
Kulcsszavak: ADHD, támogatási szükséglet, szakértői és tanulói szempontok, támogató iskolai és tanítási környezet