bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) symptom verbal response scales: content validity testing for use in adults with CRSwNP
Authors: Keeley Tom , Gaw Nina , Ahmed Waseem , Alfonso-Cristancho Rafael , Sousa Ana R. , Forde Katie , Sharp Rosie , Whyman Sophie , Gater Adam
Published: December 2024

Background

PRO measures of symptoms in clinical trials have historically utilized visual and numerical scales but verbal descriptors may make it easier for patients to clearly differentiate between response options. This study assessed content validity and meaningful change in five verbal response scales (VRSs) used to assess chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) symptom severity.

Methodology

This qualitative, semi-structured interview study recruited adults from the US, Germany, and China with confirmed moderate-to-severe CRSwNP. Interviews included a concept elicitation section, where participants were asked about their experience of living with CRSwNP including symptoms and health-related quality-of-life impacts, and a cognitive debriefing section, where participants were debriefed and participant understanding and real-life relevance of the CRSwNP symptom VRS content were assessed. Interview transcripts were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis methods.

Results

Among the 24 participants interviewed, the most frequently reported CRSwNP symptoms were nasal obstruction, runny nose, mucus in the throat, loss of smell and facial pain/pressure. Participants demonstrated good understanding of the CRSwNP symptom VRS instructions, items, recall period, and response options. The five CRSwNP symptom VRS items were relevant to the majority of participants’ experience of CRSwNP. At the item level, a one-category within-person improvement was the level most frequently reported by participants to be a meaningful change.

Conclusion

The CRSwNP symptom VRSs assess relevant and bothersome symptoms experienced by patients with moderate-to-severe CRSwNP, supporting content validity of this measure. The findings of this study provided preliminary insights into meaningful change in the VRS. Further quantitative assessment of meaningful change is needed, and psychometric evaluation of the CRSwNP symptom VRSs will be required to evaluate their appropriateness for assessment of clinical trial endpoints in patients with CRSwNP.
Short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following antibiotic treatment and withdrawal
Authors: Kim Min Kyo , Lee Yoonhang , Park Jiyeon , Lee Ju-Yeop , Kang Hyo-Young , Heo Young-Ung , Kim Do-Hyung
Published: December 2024

Background

In aquaculture, the secretions of cultured organisms contribute to the development of aquatic antibiotic resistance. However, the antibiotic-induced changes in fish feces remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the short-term dynamics of fecal microbiome and antibiotic resistance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) upon antibiotic treatment and withdrawal period.

Methods

Fish were orally administered diets supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (SDZ/TMP) for 10 consecutive days, followed by a 25-day withdrawal period. Fecal samples were collected before antibiotic treatment (day 0), and at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days post antibiotic administration (dpa), as well as 1, 3, 7, 14, and 25 days post antibiotic cessation (dpc). The fecal microbiome community was profiled using both culture-dependent and -independent methods. The relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) in the feces were quantified using real-time PCR.

Results

Antibiotic treatment disrupted the fecal microbial communities, and this alteration persisted even after antibiotic cessation. Moreover, OTC treatment increased the relative abundance of tet genes, while sul and dfr genes increased in the SDZ/TMP-treated group. Notably, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus exhibited a significant correlation with the abundance of ARGs, suggesting their potential role as carriers for ARGs.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the antibiotic-induced changes in the fecal microbiome and the increase of ARGs in rainbow trout feces. These findings provide novel insights into the dynamics of microbiome recovery post-antibiotic cessation and suggest that fish feces provide a non-invasive approach to predict changes in the fish gut microbiome and resistome.
Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics mitigate mucosal damages from F18+ Escherichia coli challenges by positively balancing the mucosal microbiota in the jejunum of young pigs
Authors: Gormley Alexa R. , Duarte Marcos Elias , Deng Zixiao , Kim Sung Woo
Published: December 2024

Background

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea in young animals. Postbiotics derived from yeast have the potential to positively influence the mucosal microbiota in the jejunum, therefore it was hypothesized that Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could enhance the microbiota and mucosal immune response in the jejunum, mitigating the effects of infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a Saccharomyces yeast postbiotic on the mucosal microbiota and mucosal immune response in the jejunum of newly weaned pigs challenged with F18+E. coli.

Results

Thirty-six individually housed nursery pigs were allotted into three treatments utilizing a randomized complete block design; negative control (NC: basal diet, no challenge), positive control (PC: basal diet, challenge), and SYP (basal diet + Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics at 175 g/ton, challenge). On d 7, PC and SYP were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli, whereas NC received saline. On d 28, pigs were euthanized for sampling of the jejunum to analyze the mucosal microbiota, oxidative stress, immune status, and intestinal morphology. The PC reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance compared to NC. The SYP improved (P < 0.05) fecal score from d 7–18 when compared with PC. SYP reduced (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl, reduced (P < 0.05) gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4, and increased (P < 0.05) gene expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, compared with PC.

Conclusions

Challenge with F18+E. coli negatively impacted jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and jejunal morphology, affecting growth performance. Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics could reduce the negative effects associated with F18+E. coli infection.
Retrieval of patent ductus arteriosus device embolization using hybrid approach: a case report
Authors: Karuru Uma Devi , Tummala Sadanand Reddy , Naveen T. , Mysore Sai Kumar , Kanjerla Kiran Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect that requires closure to prevent complications like heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Catheter-based closure using devices such as the Amplatzer duct occluder is the preferred method due to its minimally invasive nature. However, device embolization is a rare but recognized complication, particularly in small children or high-flow PDAs.

Case presentation

We report a rare and complex case of spontaneous embolization of a PDA closure device into the descending aorta in an 11-month-old female. The patient, with a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections and poor weight gain, underwent a PDA closure procedure after a thorough assessment. During the procedure, the Amplatzer Duct Occluder I device unexpectedly migrated into the descending aorta. Despite initial attempts at percutaneous retrieval using a goose neck snare, the device lodged in the left common iliac artery due to size discrepancy. Further snaring was abandoned to prevent the risk of artery dissection. The patient was then taken for emergency surgical exploration. The cardiovascular surgical team successfully retrieved the device through a left supra-inguinal incision, with no complications post-surgery. The patient showed improved limb perfusion and was discharged one week later.

Conclusions

This case underscores the importance of meticulous procedural planning, multidisciplinary collaboration, and adaptive decision-making in managing rare and challenging complications during PDA device closure. The successful outcome, despite the complex nature of the complication, highlights the effectiveness of combining percutaneous and surgical approaches in pediatric cardiology.
Galangin promotes apoptosis by upregulating the pro-apoptotic gene BAX in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Sinnarkar Shruti , Suryawanshi Poonam , Dilip Amol , Bhawalkar Jitendra , Ladke Vaibhav
Published: December 2024

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive and formidable subtypes of breast cancer, devoid of targeted therapy and frequently leading to unfavorable prognoses and significant side effects. The demand for creative and effective treatment options has prompted the current study to investigate the potential of natural chemicals as therapeutic agents. This study intends to examine the efficacy of Galangin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in treating triple-negative breast cancer.

Methods

The research utilizes a dual methodology, combining in silico network pharmacology with in vitro experimental methods. The in silico research proved crucial in finding significant gene targets and cellular signaling pathways influenced by Galangin in triple-negative breast cancer. To corroborate these computational predictions, a variety of in vitro studies were conducted, including the MTT assay, wound scratch assay, apoptosis assay, reactive oxygen species assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assessment, and RT-PCR.

Results

Fifteen prevalent genes were identified, demonstrating involvement in cellular proliferation, apoptosis regulation, cell migration, MAPK cascade regulation, and cell cycle regulation. The predominant genes implicated in the ten principal pathways were MAPK1, MAPK8, MAPK14, and IL6, which were observed to be linked to the MAPK signaling pathway, perhaps serving as the critical channel through which Galangin may facilitate the treatment of oral cancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated anti-proliferative effects, late-stage apoptosis, anti-migratory characteristics, antioxidant activity, and upregulation of the pro-apoptotic BAX gene.

Conclusion

This study’s results demonstrate that Galangin possesses considerable anti-proliferative effects on TNBC cells, underscoring its potential as a viable therapeutic drug. These findings facilitate the development of more effective and precisely focused therapy approaches for TNBC, providing optimism for enhanced treatment outcomes for patients suffering from this challenging disease.
State of art on the role of using a nanofluid in enhancing heat transfer in microchannels with different geometries
Authors: Elfatah Mahmoud G. Abd , Abd-Ellatif Osama E. , Attia Ahmed A. A. , Elnady Abdelrady O.
Published: December 2024

Nanofluids in microchannels present a promising solution for enhancing heat dissipation across various engineering applications. This study provide an in-depth analysis of nanofluid role in improving heat transfer efficiency, focusing on critical factors such as nanoparticle concentration, type, and size. The influence of microchannel geometry—such as sinusoidal, square, and circular designs—and the addition of rib structures were also examined. A noticeable increase in the pressure drop was observed across the spectrum of microchannel investigations beyond a concentration threshold of 1 vol. %. Diverging-converging channels demonstrated potential for enhancing heat transfer with minimal pressure drop and pumping power. Most of the reviewed papers have used water and water-ethylene glycol mixtures (65% and 16%, respectively), along with the prevalent use of Al2O3 nanoparticles (37%), underscoring the need to explore alternative base fluids and nanoparticle combinations to achieve optimal performance. The focus on numerical simulations with 61% and 75% single-phase flow in numerical studies highlights the potential to expand research into multiphase flow phenomena. Furthermore, the limited exploration of nanoparticle shape effects and the reliance on simplistic thermal conductivity models point toward avenues for future investigation and model refinement.
Fantastic proteins and where to find them – histones, in the nucleus and beyond
Authors: Grinat Johanna , Shriever Noah P. , Christophorou Maria A.
Published: December 2024

Animal genomes are packaged into chromatin, a highly dynamic macromolecular structure of DNA and histone proteins organised into nucleosomes. This accommodates packaging of lengthy genomic sequences within the physical confines of the nucleus while also enabling precise regulation of access to genetic information. However, histones existed before chromatin and have lesser-known functions beyond genome regulation. Most notably, histones are potent antimicrobial agents, and the release of chromatin to the extracellular space is a defence mechanism nearly as ancient and widespread as chromatin itself. Histone sequences have changed very little throughout evolution, suggesting the possibility that some of their ‘non-canonical’ functions are at play in parallel or in concert with their genome regulatory functions. In this Review, we take an evolutionary perspective of histone, nuclear chromatin and extracellular chromatin biology and describe the known extranuclear and extracellular functions of histones. We detail molecular mechanisms of chromatin release and extracellular chromatin sensing, and we discuss their roles in physiology and disease. Finally, we present evidence and give a perspective on the potential of extracellular histones to act as bioactive, cell modulatory factors.
The Landmark Series: Cancer Vaccines for Solid Tumors
Authors: Ninmer Emily K. , Xu Feifan , Slingluff Craig L.
Published: December 2024

Immunotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment for solid tumors. Cancer vaccines represent a potentially powerful class of immunotherapeutic agents to drive antitumor immunity. Cancer vaccine development involves selecting immunogenic target antigens expressed by tumor cells that can be effectively delivered for uptake by antigen-presenting cells to generate a robust adaptive immune response against tumor. While numerous cancer vaccines have been shown to produce antigen-specific immune responses, translating promising results of immunogenicity from early-phase trials into durable clinical benefit in larger randomized trials has remained elusive. Recent findings support new enthusiasm for several cancer vaccine approaches for solid tumors. This review will discuss landmark historic clinical trials in cancer vaccine development and strategies to optimize cancer vaccines to achieve improved clinical efficacy.
Assessment of occupational noise‐related hearing impairment among dental health personnel
Authors: Afroz Mohammed , Akhter Fatema , Bitar Road , Sarhan Esmat , Alidan Faisal , Alahmed Esraa
Published: December 2024

Background Dental professionals are exposed to either high level of noise which often becomes annoying over a time, and it is largely related to turbines and suctions used during the procedure. We performed this study with an aim to know the need for efforts to reduce impact of noise on young. Methods The study group comprised of 102 dentists (53 males and 49 females) final year dental students, interns and board students of family dentistry, endodontics, prosthodontics was enrolled. The noise assessment device is switched on to know the base noise level in the clinics and to know hearing ability of the dentist through a pre – recorded verbal communication. When the dentist starts the procedure, the same verbal communication is re-introduced and based on his reaction the decibel level is increased to a point where he can understand it. The same is followed after the procedure. Results Using T – test the age and gender mean was assessed, while ANNOVA test was used to know the hearing impairment and its mean before, during and after procedure. We have found that there is an imminent increase of sound during the procedure and thereby associated impairment; which continues but to a lesser decibel level even after the procedure is completed for long time. Discussion and Conclusion We have highlighted few guidelines from various studies which range from reducing multiple turbine usage at a given point of treatment wherever possible to a recommendation to use ear plugs for those procedures related to high noise levels.
A reference genome for the eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi)
Authors: Silver Luke W , Edwards Richard J , Neaves Linda , Manning Adrian D. , Hogg Carolyn J , Banks Sam
Published: December 2024

Abstract* The eastern or Tasmanian bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) is one of four extant bettong species and is listed as ‘Near Threatened’ by the IUCN. We sequenced short read data on the 10x system to generate a reference genome 3.46Gb in size and contig N50 of 87.36Kb. Additionally, we used GeMoMa to provide and accompanying annotation for the reference genome. The generation of a reference genome for the eastern bettong provides a vital resource for the conservation of the species.
Depression diagnosis using Artificial Intelligence: a systematic review
Authors: Di Felice Martín , Trupkin Ilan , Deroche Ariel , Pollo Cattaneo María Florencia , Chatterjee Parag
Published: December 2024

Background Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder that affects a significant proportion of the global population, posing a major public health challenge. In recent years, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to mental health diagnosis has garnered increasing attention. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on AI-based approaches for depression diagnosis, identifying both advancements and gaps in the literature that can guide future studies. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across leading research databases to identify relevant studies published up to July 2024. A combination of automated and manual filtering was employed to refine the initial set of records. Eligibility criteria were applied to ensure that only studies directly addressing the use of AI for depression diagnosis were included in the final analysis. Results The initial search yielded 1,179 records. Following a rigorous selection process, 145 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. These studies represent a diverse array of AI techniques and data sources, with a predominant focus on supervised learning algorithms. The most common data sources were social networks, followed by clinical data integrated with psychological assessments. Conclusion The results highlight the growing interest in leveraging AI for depression diagnosis, particularly through the use of supervised learning methods. Social network data has emerged as the most frequently used data source, though clinical data combined with validated psychological tests remains a key area of focus. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist, including data availability and quality, which present opportunities for future research to improve diagnostic accuracy and generalizability.
Impact of vision problems on children’s daily activities: Insights from a focus group discussion
Authors: Magakwe Tshubelela Sello Simon , Hansraj Rekha , Xulu-Kasaba Zamadonda Nokuthula
Published: December 2024

Background/Purpose There are approximately 18.94 million visually impaired children worldwide, with 90% of them living in low-middle income countries. Research shows that visual impairment (VI) has a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of those affected. Therefore, it is essential to investigate how VI affects the daily activities of these children to develop management strategies that can help minimize its impact on their QoL. Therefore, qualitative research design was utilized to explore the perceived impact of VI on the daily activities of children living with VI. Methods Using a qualitative approach, purposive sampling was used to identify information-rich participants to partake in focus group discussions (FGDs) and address the aim of the study adequately. Identified data sources were divided into two groups: one with ‘experts’ who worked with children regularly, and another with school-going children aged 6-17 years, from three rural schools in Sekhukhune district, South Africa. The FGDs were guided by semi-structured interview questions. All sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, cleaned, coded, and analysed under ten domains, identified from the literature. Results A total of 477 statements and comments related to children’s vision were generated through the nine FGDs. Participants were nine experts working with children, and 49 children living with or without VI. Of the total number of statements, 60% (n = 287) were generated from FGDs with children, 63% (n = 299) were negative statements, and the remaining 19% (n = 92), and 18% (n = 86) were neutral and positive statements respectively. The most generated statements fell under the domains ‘Hobbies, Leisure and Sport’ 21% (n = 101), ‘Education’ 21% (n = 100), and ‘Psychological and Emotional’ 12.8% (n = 61). Conclusion This study offered comprehensive insights into the impact of VI on the daily activities of rural school-aged children and young people.
A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for ADNP (UniProt ID: Q9H2P0) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence
Authors: Ruíz Moleón Vera , Alende Charles , Fotouhi Maryam , Ayoubi Riham , González Bolívar Sara , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS/EDDU collaborative group,   ABIF consortium
Published: December 2024

ADNP is a multifunctional protein involved in chromatin remodeling, transcription, and microtubule interaction, playing a critical role in brain development, with mutations linked to ADNP-Related Disorder. Here we have characterized seven ADNP commercial antibodies for western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. These studies are part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address antibody reproducibility issues by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.
Suggestions for resin research under the COST Action EU-PoTaRCh
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues , Brózdowski Jakub
Published: December 2024

Forest management and planning is not an easy task due to, often, some intermittence in the incomes obtained by the landowners. In fact, namely in timber production, the producers must wait years to get revenues from the investments carried out on the lands they use. These frameworks become forest activities, in some circumstances, not attractive for the investors and, consequently, for adjusted management. The forest by-products appear as an opportunity to increase the profitability of the forest lands and motivate the land owners for more effective planning. This is crucial, namely in countries where forest fires, for example, are real problems for economic activity, populations and the environment. In this context, this study, developed within the scope of the COST Action PoTaRCh, intends to bring more insights and suggestions for the scientific research about resin. For that, a search was performed in the Scopus database (article title, abstract, keywords), on 02 November 2024, for the following topics: “natural resin” or “plant resin”. In this search, 4127 documents were obtained and assessed through bibliometric analysis. The findings identified reveal relevant gaps and trends in the literature that could be interesting outputs, particularly to support future research related to the different dimensions of resin worldwide.
Differences in pain treatment between the healthcare systems in South Korea and Quebec and proposals for improvements
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Boudier-Revéret Mathieu
Published: December 2024

After a year of exchange in Montreal, a South Korean academic physiatrist and his Canadian colleague have reflected on the strengths and weaknesses of their respective healthcare systems. They have focused more specifically on physiatrist-delivered pain medicine treatments. This article is written based on personal perspectives. It aims to present the differences between the systems in South Korea and Quebec, highlighting the issues arising from each system and providing perspectives on potential solutions.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT IN MEDICAL WORKERS
Authors: Tarhanova E. , Davydova A.
Published: December 2024

One of the most important areas of personnel management in any organization today, which allows maintaining a favorable microclimate in the team, the psychological health of staff, maintaining and developing the professional skills of employees, improving the quality of work and job satisfaction, is systematic work to prevent professional burnout of employees. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to study and analyze the factors influencing professional burnout of medical workers. The article reveals the essence and content of preventing professional burnout of personnel. The organization, stages and components of the system for preventing professional burnout of personnel in a medical institution have been studied. Factors of professional burnout among staff have been identified, which allow a medical institution to develop an eﬀective prevention system. The state of the professional burnout system for personnel in a medical institution in Penza has been studied and recommendations for its improvement have been proposed.
STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING AND MANAGING BURNOUT IN PROJECT AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
Authors: Birulia M.
Published: December 2024

This article explores strategies for preventing and managing burnout in the field of project management. It discusses a multi-faceted approach to combating
burnout, including transparent communication, setting clear expectations, supporting a healthy work-life balance, providing professional support, and
fostering team spirit. Project managers are encouraged to prioritize open communication, establish clear roles and responsibilities, and create a supportive
environment where team members can freely discuss their issues and seek collective solutions. Providing time for rest, encouraging teamwork, and supporting
team events are also key aspects of burnout prevention. Applying a comprehensive approach to managing burnout helps create a healthy and productive
work environment, improves project outcomes, and increases team satisfaction.
Acmeogram as a Method for Forecasting and Reconstructing the Individual Trajectory of Professionalism Development of a Pedagogical Worker
Authors: Stepanenko Viktoriia , Petrovych Valerii
Published: December 2024

The article defines the essence and content of the acmeogram in the context of forecasting and reconstructing the individual trajectory of the development of professionalism of a pedagogical worker. The essence of the acmeogram is revealed through its consideration as: a methodological category of pedagogical acmeology; an instrumental-practical method of acmeology; an individual trajectory of a specialist's ascent to the heights of professionalism; an acme-route of professional activity productivity; a technological foundation for a positively harmonious self-concept of the specialist; a tool for enhancing professionalism; and a means of self-monitoring professional development. The differences between the acmeogram, personogram, and professiogram are outlined. It is noted that the acmeogram specifies types of professional activities and personal qualities that not only contribute to achieving socially necessary results but also ensure progressive development, professional improvement, and advancement to higher levels of professionalism. The acmeogram is developed based on self-awareness and self-disclosure of the inner potential of a pedagogical worker to enhance their professionalism. It is emphasized that in its content, the acmeogram represents an individual profile of the subject’s potential, capabilities, and prospects, as well as an assessment of compensated and uncompensated traits. It may vary in goals, nature, and trajectory dynamics, as well as in levels of professionalism, encompassing mastery, creativity, innovativeness, self-development, self-improvement, and more.
Innovative Teaching Methods in Medical and Biological Physics in Higher Education: Integration of Pedagogical Technologies and a Scientific Approach
Authors: Yevtushenko Yuliia
Published: December 2024

The article examines modern approaches to teaching medical and biological physics in higher education institutions, emphasizing innovative pedagogical methods. The integration of traditional scientific approaches with advanced educational technologies, such as gamification, interactive modeling, virtual laboratories, case studies, and the use of multimedia resources, is explored. The potential of digital platforms for conducting lessons is highlighted, including the use of e-textbooks, video tutorials, and test programs aimed at enhancing learning efficiency. Special attention is given to the interdisciplinary approach, which facilitates the integration of knowledge from biology, medicine, and physics, and practice-oriented learning aimed at developing professional competencies in future specialists. The advantages of feedback mechanisms and personalized educational trajectories in the learning process are outlined. Recommendations are provided for educators on creating a favorable learning environment that stimulates the cognitive activity of higher education students. The study also emphasizes the need to modernize educational programs in line with the requirements of contemporary medicine and biophysics.
Gamification in the Educational Process of Higher Education Institutions: Theoretical Aspect
Authors: Shvyrka Viktoriia
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to analyzing the theoretical aspects of gamification in the educational process of higher education institutions. The essence of the concepts "gamification" and "gamification in education" is explored within the psychological and pedagogical context. Gamification, as an innovative approach, is examined as a technology that enhances student motivation, fosters the development of general and professional competencies, and improves academic performance. The main elements of gamification ensuring its effective application are analyzed: goals and objectives, game rules, reward systems, levels and progression, feedback, competition and collaboration, narrative, and context. The key functions of gamification are revealed, including motivational, organizational, regulatory, communicative, supervisory, developmental, engagement, and reinforcement functions. The role of gamification in shaping a modern educational environment that stimulates cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral activities of higher education students is highlighted. Attention is given to the challenges and prospects of implementing gamification in higher education.
Preparing the future teacher to familiarize children with the public environment
Authors: Varianytsia Liudmyla
Published: December 2024

Preparing future educators to familiarize children with the social environment is a relevant topic in the context of modern preschool education. Through the process of socialization, children acquire basic knowledge about the environment, social relationships, and cultural values that shape their personality and behavior. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the preparation of a future teacher to familiarize children with the public environment. The article is devoted to the problem of preparing future educators to familiarize children with the public environment. It examines the main approaches to training educators, namely traditional, competency-based, interactive and cultural approaches. In the ever-changing modern world, the social environment is becoming more complex and diverse, so future educators need to be prepared for the challenges that arise in the process of teaching children social skills. As part of the study, effective methods for integrating social knowledge into the educational process (project activities, role-playing games, discussions, excursions, use of information technology) were identified, and recommendations were developed for improving the training of future educators. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of training educators under martial law, which requires not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills that will help the educator work effectively with children, their parents and colleagues. Providing psychological comfort, adapting curriculum, developing social skills, working with parents and specialized training are key aspects of preparing educators in the face of modern challenges. Prospects for further research include the development and testing of specific educational modules aimed at preparing educators to work under martial law, as well as studying the long-term impact of such programs on the quality of preschool education in Ukraine.
The structure of the formation of multicultural value orientations of future foreign languages teachers in the process of professional training
Authors: Shkarlet Valeriia
Published: December 2024

The article pays attention to the structure of the formation of multicultural value orientations of future foreign languages teachers in the process of professional training. The main key aspects of the formation of multicultural value orientations of future foreign languages teachers are considered, it is theoretically substantiated that the structure of the formation of multicultural value orientations as a pedagogical condition contributes to high-quality professional training. The expediency of using the structure of multicultural value orientations as a pedagogical condition for quality professional training of future foreign languages teachers is substantiated. An analysis of several structures of multicultural value orientations for acquisition by future teachers in the process of professional training was carried out based on the analysis of the necessary information. An own structure of multicultural value orientations of future foreign languages teachers has been developed, which will help to form future teachers' comprehensive understanding and readiness to work in a multicultural environment, which is important in modern education. In conclusion, the importance of including the structure of the formation of multicultural value orientations in educational programs dedicated to the professional training of future foreign languages teachers is indicated, which will help to develop the necessary skills for effective work in the modern educational environment and that will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the professional training of future foreign languages teachers to work in modern conditions at the national and international levels.
An integrative approach to the problem of creative thinking of a child with special educational needs
Authors: Zvekova Viktoriia
Published: December 2024

The article presents an integrative approach to the development of creative thinking in children with special educational needs (SEN). The author defines the main theoretical approaches that underlie this method, in particular, the cultural-historical approach, theories of compensation and adaptation, as well as corrective and developmental methods. Creative thinking is one of the key components of harmonious personality development, which is a successful socialization and adaptation in society. For children with special educational needs (SEN), the formation of creative thinking becomes especially relevant, as it will help them overcome the barriers provided by the specifics of development. An integrative approach in working with such procedures ensures the interaction of various specialists, which ensures comprehensive support and development. An integrative approach to the development of creative thinking of children with special educational needs is an effective tool for achieving successful socialization and adaptation of such children in society. Interdisciplinary cooperation and the use of adapted teaching methods contribute to the development of creative abilities, which is a key aspect of harmonious personality development. An empirical study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach, which includes art therapy, music therapy and interactive educational tools, in the development of creative thinking of children with SEN was conducted. The results showed a significant increase in the level of creative activity and creative thinking in children. The importance of individualization of training and involvement of various specialists in the process of development of creative abilities is highlighted. The article also presents the prospects for further research, in particular, the expansion of the research base, the development of new methods, and the study of the long-term effects of intelligence.
Recognising rare cardiovascular disease: the importance of red flags
Authors: Thompson Tina , Pugh Dale , Stiles Rachael , Donoghue Tom , Garwood Blayne Baker
Published: December 2024

In the UK and the European Union, a rare disease is defined as a condition affecting less than one in 2000 people. Approximately 7000 diseases are classified as rare and around 300–400 million people worldwide live with a rare disease. Rare and undiagnosed diseases are receiving significant attention globally and increasingly in nursing practice. This attention is concurrent with policy and innovation, as well as research into rare and undiagnosed diseases, both broadly and focusing on specific diseases or disorders. There is also increased clinician, patient, family and stakeholder awareness, which is driving the research and development agenda, with a focus on finding treatments. Nurses, as the largest global healthcare professional group, have an important role in the care and support of patients and their families. Nurses are often the first, and sometimes the only, healthcare professional a patient has access to. Whether they are a specialist or generalist, the role of the nurse is often the common link during the patient's healthcare journey. This article presents insight into the nature of rare diseases, with a focus on cardiovascular presentations and the identification of red flags using an illustrative care study to bring focus to ‘thinking rare’ when assessing patients.
Virtual reality training to enhance clinical competence and student engagement in Ghana
Authors: Baidoo Kodjo , Adu Chioma
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims

Virtual reality simulates real-world scenarios, allowing midwifery students to hone their skills without the risks of live clinical settings. This study's aims were to evaluate the educational impact of virtual reality, including its potential benefits and challenges, in a laboratory at a health education institution in Ghana.

Methods

This mixed-methods study examined the implementation of virtual reality in midwifery education. The quantitative arm involved pre- and post-tests administered to two cohorts of first-year midwifery students in consecutive years. The first cohort (n=42 students) was taught using conventional task trainers. The second (n=46 students) was trained using immersive virtual reality simulations.

Results

Post-test and practical scores for the virtual reality trained cohort were significantly higher than their traditionally trained counterparts (P<0.0001). These students also reported significantly higher satisfaction (P<0.0001), perceived effectiveness of the course (P<0.0001) and confidence in clinical application (P<0.0001).

Conclusions

Virtual reality can substantially enrich the learning environment and enhance the acquisition of practical skills in midwifery education. This investigation into the use of advanced simulation technologies in healthcare education paves the way for future studies on sustainable pedagogical practices.

Implications for practice

Virtual reality should be integrated into midwifery curricula, and further research into its long-term educational outcomes and integration strategies is vital.
Out with the old and in with the new
Authors: Foad Leisa
Published: December 2024

Leisa Foad discusses changes at East Kent maternity services that aim to engage staff, promote positivity and, ultimately, improve the care provided to women and their families
TÜRK HALK ANLATILARINDA GIDA KITLIĞI
Authors: Şahin Fatma Zehra
Published: December 2024

Halk bilgisi ürünleri toplumun inanç ve uygulamalarına, tarihsel süreçte yaşadığı olaylara, geçmiş ve gelecek tasarımlarına ilişkin bilgilerin yanı sıra, gündelik hayatın temel ihtiyaç ve durumlarına ilişkin bilgileri de yansıtır. Bu bağlamda yeme içme kültürüne ilişkin bilgiler de önemli bir alan oluşturmakta, gıdanın temini, işlenmesi, korunması ve tüketimi ile ilgili bilgiler olumlu/olumsuz yönleriyle kültürel bir birikim olarak tarihsel süreklilik içinde paylaşılan bir deneyimi ortaya koymaktadır. Tarih boyunca insanların temel ihtiyaçlarından biri olan gıdanın temininin farklı sebeplere bağlı olarak aksaması sonucu yaşanan sıkıntılar insanlara önemli tecrübeler kazandırmıştır. Kıtlık olgusu da çeşitli görünümleriyle ortak bir deneyimin yansıması olarak halk bilgisi ürünlerinde gündelik hayatın yaşanan bir tecrübesi anlamında kendini göstermektedir. Halk anlatıları kıtlık olgusunu en iyi yansıtan metinlerdir. Bu metinlerden konuyla ilgili elde edilecek bilgi ve bulgular, içinde yaşadığımız zamanın temel problemlerinden biri olan kıtlık sorununa daha ufuk açıcı çözümler üretmeye katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada destan, halk hikâyesi, masal, efsane ve fıkra gibi halk anlatıları incelenmiş ve kıtlıkla ilgili göstergeler tespit edilmiştir. Bu göstergelerden hareketle kıtlığa sebep olan faktörler iklim değişikliği, toprak verimsizliği, yabani hayvanlar, savaş, gıda israfı, aşırı tüketim ve insan tahribatı olarak belirlenmiştir. Kıtlığa karşı alınacak önlemler ise tüketimi sınırlandırma, üretim yapma, üretilen besini depolama ve göç etme olarak tespit edilmiştir. Neticede kıtlığa sebep olan etkenler ve kıtlığa karşı alınacak tedbirler ile ilgili göstergelerin insan tutum ve davranışlarını yönlendirme hedefli olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla Türk halk anlatılarında kıtlığının ortaya çıkmasında ve ortadan kaldırmasında belirleyici etkenin insan olduğu düşünülmüştür. Anlatılarda insanların çevreye yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını çevreci hareketlerle değiştirerek ve çevre adına sınırlandırarak doğayı sürdürülebilir kılabileceğimiz kurgulanmıştır. Böylelikle kıtlık gibi afetlerin yaşanmaması, hasbelkader yaşandığında ise kolaylıkla üstesinden gelinebilmesi tasarlanmış ve aktarılmıştır.
Anahtar
Advancing Educational Management with the ATT-MR-WL Intelligent Question-answering Model
Authors: Ba Ying
Published: December 2024

Higher education plays a critical role in cultivating talent, preserving culture, and promoting social progress. However, current challenges, such as inefficient information dissemination and low problem-solving efficiency among students, highlight the need for intelligent question-answering systems. These systems, leveraging artificial intelligence and natural language processing technologies, enable rapid and accurate responses to student queries, thereby providing intelligent support for higher education management. This study introduces the ATT-MR-WL model, a generative AI system integrating Mask R-CNN and Word2Vec+LSTM to enhance intelligent question-answering functionality. The model, customized to handle both text and visual data, is evaluated using the established VQA v2.0 dataset and a specially developed EM dataset reflecting university management scenarios. The ATT-MR-WL model demonstrates a 3% accuracy improvement over traditional methods and enhances its ability to handle multimodal queries. This research provides important insights for enhancing the efficiency and quality of higher education management and advancing the process of educational informatization.
Cluster-based Data Sharing for Web 3.0 in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Alkhathami Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications are dependent on secure and robust wireless data sharing among vehicles and roadside units (RSUs). Multiple types of data are shared among the ITS devices which include safety information, road services, web based information retrieval and task computation. Web 3.0 offers a decentralized, distributed and secure data sharing mechanism for ITSs. Allocation of wireless channel resources are critical to enable an efficient ITS system. In this paper, a novel data sharing technique for Web 3.0 based ITS is presented that relies on an intelligent clustering algorithm. In the first step, the proposed technique uses a K-means algorithm to find groups of vehicles with similar speeds. In the second step, each cluster is assigned an RSU which has the highest average data rate with all vehicles in the cluster. This is achieved by using a stable matching technique so that there is no contention and each cluster is assigned a separate RSU. The algorithm periodically updates the clusters and RSU allocation for web data sharing between vehicles and RSUs. Simulation results show that the proposed clustering-based data sharing technique improves sum-rate by 20% and reduces network delay by 23%.
An Effective Scheme to Accelerate NeRF for Web Applications Using Hash-based Caching and Precomputed Features
Authors: Bae OkHwan , Hong Chung-Pyo
Published: December 2024

In recent years, 3D reconstruction and rendering technologies have become increasingly important in various web-based applications within the field of web technology. In particular, with the emergence of technologies such as WebGL and WebGPU, which enable real-time 3D content rendering in web browsers, immersive experiences and interactions on the web have been significantly enhanced. These technologies are widely used in applications such as 3D visualization of virtual products or 3D exploration of building interiors on real estate websites. Through these advancements, users can experience 3D content directly in their browsers without the need to install additional software, greatly expanding the possibilities of the web. Amidst this trend, the neural radiance field (NeRF) has garnered attention as a cutting-edge technology that improves the accuracy of 3D reconstruction and rendering.
NeRF is a technique widely used in computer vision and graphics for reconstructing 3D spaces from 2D images taken from multiple viewpoints. By predicting the color and density of each pixel, NeRF captures the complex 3D structure and optical properties of a scene, enabling highly accurate 3D reconstructions. However, NeRF’s primary limitation is the time-consuming nature of both the training and inference processes. Research efforts to address this issue have focused on two key areas: optimizing network architectures and training procedures to accelerate scene learning, and improving inference speed for faster rendering. While progress has been made in enhancing training speed, challenges remain in improving the inference process.
To address these limitations, we propose a two-step approach to significantly improve NeRF’s performance. First, we optimize the training phase through a multi-resolution hash encoding technique, reducing the computational complexity and speeding up the learning process. Second, we accelerate the inference phase by caching the input data of the NeRF MLP, which allows for faster rendering without sacrificing quality. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach reduces training time by 68.42% and increases inference speed by 98.18%.