bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution of Digital Elevation Models in Data Poor Regions.
Authors: Dahal Ashok , Van den Bout Bastian , van Westen Cees , Nolde Michael
Published: October 2022

In order to develop reliable models, the geoscientific community requires high-resolution data sets. However, the collection of such data is a persistent challenge due to the limitations of resources. The concept of super-resolution, a method from the field of machine learning, can be used to predict a high-resolution version of a low-resolution dataset to improve usability in geoscientific applications. However, thus far, super-resolution is predominantly used in image data with few cases on improving the scientific data but focusing on improving quality of same downsampled data. More importantly, it is unknown whether models that are developed and trained with high-resolution data of specific locations can also be applied to data-poor regions. To address these gaps, this study investigated the use of deep learning-based super-resolution to improve the resolution of digital elevation data, focusing on the question whether models trained with high resolution data can also be applied to regions for which only low-resolution data are available. We focused on Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), as these are among the most important datasets for many geoscientific applications and used two of the most advanced Super-Resolution models (EBRN and ESRGAN) from different groups of deep learning architecture. We trained those models extensively using high-resolution LiDAR DEM data from Austria, and found that, for the Austrian study sites, these models performed better than commonly used interpolation techniques such as bicubic interpolation. To test model applicability to different terrain conditions, we applied the models developed and trained with Austrian data to globally available free datasets on/for Colombia and Dominica. A novel loss function, training technique and evaluation metrics were developed to train and evaluate the results focusing on improving DEM data. Our results show that super-resolution can improve the accuracy of global datasets by 30-50% relative to bicubic interpolation, thus providing a promising solution for locations for which only low-resolution DEM data are available.
Impact of Deccan Volcanism on Reorganization of the Indian plate kinematics
Authors: Bhagat Amarjeet , Sangode S , Dongre Ashish
Published: October 2022

Western Indian Ocean basin shows one of the most complex signatures of the ocean floor anomalies by juxtaposition of the rapidly evolving, multiple spreading ridges, subduction systems and microcontinental slivers. This study based on ocean floor magnetic anomalies, gravity gradient map, tomographic profiles and geometrical kinematic models reports a significant westward drift of the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) segments. Documented precisely between the latitudes 17°S and 21°S the drift is coincident with the Deccan volcanism at ~65±2 Ma and we further explain its bearing on the Indian plate kinematics. The progressive stair-step trend of the ridge segments towards NE is marked by anomalous deflection to NW for a brief distance of ~217 km between these latitudes represented by the anomalies C30n-C29n. The observed length of the ridge segments moving NW at 17°S match the calculated NW drift rates of Indian plate (Bhagat et al., 2022). We infer that the NW drift and its restoration towards NE triggered short Plume Induced Subduction Initiation along the Amirante trench. Further a plume induced lithospheric tilt of the Indian plate (Sangode et al 2022) led to restoration of subduction along the Sunda trench at ~65 Ma imparting new slab pull force over the Indian subcontinent besides the NE trend for CIR. This episode resulted into anticlockwise rotation of the Indian plate along with accelerated drift rates due to vector addition of the plume push and the slab pull forces from Eurasian as well as Sunda subduction systems after 65 Ma. The Deccan eruption thus resulted in major geodynamic reorganization that altered the kinematics of Indian plate; and the signatures of which are well preserved over the ocean floor.
Women compared with men work harder for small rewards
Authors: Lewis Carolin Annette , Grahlow Melina , Kühnel Anne , Dernt Birgit , Kroemer Nils B.
Published: October 2022

In cost-benefit decision-making, women and men often show different trade-offs. However, surprisingly little is known about sex differences in instrumental tasks, where physical effort is exerted to gain rewards. To this end, we tested 81 individuals (47 women) with an effort allocation task, where participants had to repeatedly press a button to collect food and money tokens. We analyzed the motivational phases of invigoration and effort maintenance with varying reward magnitude, difficulty, and reward type. Whereas women and men did not differ in invigoration, we found that women showed higher effort maintenance as well as higher subjective wanting and exertion ratings for small rewards compared with men. Notably, men increased their effort more than women for higher rewards to match women’s levels of performance. Crucially, we found no sex differences depending on reward type or difficulty, indicating that sex differences were specific to the encoding of the magnitude of benefits, not costs. To summarize, women exerted higher physical effort for small rewards, which corresponded with an elevated subjective value in women compared with men. Therefore, sex differences in perceived reward magnitude may contribute to differential behavioral preferences highlighting the potential of cost-benefit decision-making to provide insights about potential mechanisms.
Hypothalamic CRH neurons in stress induced psychopathology: revaluation of endocrine and neural mechanisms
Authors: Stanton Laura M , Price Aidan J , Manning Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Stress has a strong influence on mental health around the world. Decades of research have sought to identify mechanisms through which stress contributes to psychiatric disorders such as depression, to potentially guide the development of therapeutics targeting stress systems. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis has been the focus of much of this research, as the key endocrine stress response system that is responsible for coordinating the changes throughout the body that necessary for survival under stress. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) sit at the apex of the HPA axis, integrating signals relevant to stress and external threats, to ensure HPA axis activity is appropriate for the given context. In addition to this, emerging research has demonstrated that neural activity in PVN-CRH neurons regulates stress related behaviours via modulation of downstream synaptic targets. This review will summarize convergent evidence from preclinical studies on chronic stress and clinical research in mood disorders demonstrating changes in PVN-CRH neural function, consider how this may influence synaptic targets of PVN-CRH neurons, and discuss the potential role of these PVN-CRH synaptic pathways in the development of maladaptive behaviours following chronic stress that are relevant to depression. We will also highlight important questions for future research aimed at precisely dissecting endocrine and synaptic roles of PVN-CRH neurons in chronic stress, their potential interactions, and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of stress related disorders.
Who benefits from the international classroom? A longitudinal examination of multicultural personality development during one year of international higher education.
Authors: Hofhuis Joep , Jongerling Joran , Jansz Jeroen
Published: October 2022

Enhancing students’ intercultural competences through international higher education requires a thorough understanding of the way in which these competences develop over time, how they relate to outcomes, and which factors predict their growth. To answer these questions, a three-wave longitudinal study was conducted among a sample of first-year students in an international university program (n = 425). Intercultural competences were operationalized through the five dimensions of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ): Cultural Empathy, Openmindedness, Flexibility, Social Initiative and Emotional Stability. We examined development of these traits across one year, as well as their relationship with stress, life satisfaction, and academic performance (GPA). Cultural background (local vs international student) and prior international experience (yes/no) were included as predictors. Results show that MPQ scores at the beginning of the year negatively relate to change across semester 1, which in turn is negatively related to change across semester 2. These findings suggest the presence of ceiling effects in MPQ development. In semester 1, emotional stability acts as a buffer against stress. In semester 2, stress is lower among students with higher scores cultural empathy and lower scores on flexibility. Cultural empathy and social initiative relate positively to academic performance. No significant main effects were found for cultural background, or prior international experience. However, these predictors interact on openmindedness and social Initiative: local students with no prior international experience show a significant increase in these dimensions across the first semester, whereas the others do not.
Psychological Science Accelerator Funding and Finance Committee Bylaws
Authors: IJzerman Hans , Lewis Neil Anthony , Azevedo Flavio , Coles Nicholas Alvaro , Corral-Frías Nadia Saraí , Nilsonne Gustav , Lazarevic Ljiljana B. , Schmidt Kathleen
Published: October 2022

The Funding and Finance Committee serves as an advisory board for the PSA’s Director and Associate Directors on all matters related to finance and funding. The Funding and Finance Committee will work with the PSA’s Director and Associate Directors (hereafter “the PSA Board”) to propose and manage the PSA’s annual operating budget, provide guidance to specific PSA projects about project-specific budgets when appropriate, propose a long-term financial plan to sustain the PSA, provide suggestions on how to balance the budget, and search for different fundraising activities and opportunities around the globe.
"We've got to somehow get the energy in a community that's already exhausted:" Motivations to engage in community-academic partnerships from Flint community leaders’ perspectives
Authors: Bustos Tatiana Elisa , Saucedo Jessica S.
Published: October 2022

Community engagement and partnerships are at the core of public health. To address long-standing disparities among marginalized populations and communities of color, there is an urgent need to partner with community members and community-based organizations (CBOs) to co-create public health programs. The current paper focuses on community-academic partnerships (CAPs)—one strategy for engaging in community partnerships that can increase the capacity and implementation of public health practices. While impactful in practice, little is known about community partners’ perspectives on motivations for joining and continuing to participate with CAPs as compared to academic partners. The current study applies a case study to examine motivations to join and continue to participate in a CAP designed to advance health equity in Flint, Michigan. A sequential mixed-methods design was utilized to collect the breadth and depth of motivating factors, capturing a more comprehensive understanding of partner perspectives. Motivating factors were examined using survey data and qualitative interviews to identify key motivations to initiate at time-point 1 and to sustain engagement at time-point 2. Quantitative results highlighted motivating factors related to opportunities to collaborate with other agencies with shared philosophies, having shared values and mission in advancing health equity, and accessible opportunities to network across with such agencies. Qualitative findings expand on these responses, illustrating how community partners, in particular, recognized the need for collective action to overcome challenges in their community and the need for developing processes that could sustain long-term outcomes in Flint by accessing and leveraging resources (that would otherwise be unavailable) through academic partners. Findings from the study can be used to improve partnership dynamics in community practice.
In Their Own Words: How Adolescents Differ in Their Social Media Use and How it Affects Them
Authors: van der Wal Amber , Valkenburg Patti M. , van Driel Irene Ingeborg
Published: October 2022

Despite a burgeoning literature into the relationship between social media use (SMU) and adolescent well-being, clear conclusions about this relationship remain elusive as the literature has yielded a mixed bag of results. The aim of this study is to take a qualitative approach to improve our understanding of individual differences in (a) adolescents’ motives for using SMU, (b) their social media-related mood management, and (c) the effects they experience due to SMU. Based on eight focus groups among 55 adolescents ranging in age from 14 to 17 years, we found considerable homogeneity in adolescents’ motives to turn to social media. But we also found substantial heterogeneity in the moods that predict their SMU, their affective responses to SMU, and the effects they experienced due to SMU. Such sizeable individual differences may, in part, explain the inconsistent results in earlier quantitative work. We end with three lessons for future self-report studies.
Sample Size Planning for Complex Study Designs: A Tutorial for the mlpwr Package
Authors: Zimmer Felix , Henninger Mirka , Debelak Rudolf
Published: October 2022

A common challenge in designing empirical studies is determining an appropriate sample size. When more complex models are used, estimates of power can only be obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. In this tutorial, we introduce the R package mlpwr to perform simulation-based power analysis based on surrogate modeling. Surrogate modeling is a powerful tool to guide the search for study design parameters that imply a desired power or meet a cost threshold (e.g., in terms of monetary cost). mlpwr can be used to search for the optimal allocation when there are multiple design parameters, e.g., when balancing the number of participants and the number of groups in multilevel modeling. At the same time, the approach can take into account the cost of each design parameter, and aims to find a cost-efficient design. We introduce the basic functionality of the package, which can be applied to a wide range of statistical models and study designs. Additionally, we provide two examples based on empirical studies for illustration: one for sample size planning when using an item response theory model, and one for assigning the number of participants and the number of countries for a study using multilevel modeling.
A Symptom Network Model of Misophonia: From Heightened Sensory Sensitivity to Clinical Comorbidity
Authors: Andermane Nora , Bauer Mathilde B , Simner Julia , Ward Jamie
Published: October 2022

Misophonia – an unusually strong aversion to certain sounds – can cause significant distress and disruption to those who have it but is an enigma in terms of our scientific understanding. A key challenge for explaining misophonia is that, as with other disorders, it is likely to emerge from an interaction of traits that also occur in the general population (e.g., sensory sensitivity, anxiety) and that are transdiagnostic in nature (i.e., shared with other disorders). With a large sample of participants (N=1430), we performed a cluster analysis (based on responses to questions relating to misophonia) and identified two misophonia subgroups differing in severity, as well as a third group without misophonia. A subset of this sample (N=403) then completed a battery of measures designed to assess sensory sensitivity and clinical co-morbidities. Clinical symptoms were limited to the most severe group of misophonics (including autistic traits, migraine with visual aura, anxiety sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive traits). Both the moderate and severe groups showed elevated attention-to-detail and hypersensitivity (across multiple senses). A novel symptom network model of the data shows the presence of a central hub linking misophonia to sensory sensitivity which, in turn, connects to other symptoms in the network (relating to autism, anxiety, etc.). In this way, the severity of misophonia can be understood as a propagation from core features, which are sensory-attentional in nature, to peripheral clinical symptoms.
From the Editor's Desk Vol.15(1)
Authors: Shrestha Hari Krishna
Published: October 2022

No Abstract available.
The role of [animate] and [human] features in agreement in Ho
Authors: Koh Taejin
Published: October 2022

Ho language is classified as a member of the Munda group that belongs to the Austro-Asiatic branch. It is well known that Ho is very rich in agreement. The general pattern of agreement sentences of languages is that agreement is overtly realized between an argument NP and verb; subject-verb / object-verb agreement. However, agreement is not morphologically manifested and is covert if the functional head agreement is weak in Ho. Moreover, it also shows agreement phenomena in terms of [±animate] and [±human]. Therefor this paper is to layout the basic patterns of agreement with the role of [animante] and [human] in Ho.
Era Globalization: Concerns, Doubts and Lighting Roads
Authors: Pandya Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2022

The biggest criterion of a language is to maintain itself in the use and utility of common people for a long time. Hindi has tested and refined itself in the development of science and technology. That is why today Hindi has proved its usefulness. Words and expressions have also been included in its repository. This is the reason that Hindi has not only become a part of the life of the common man today, but is also advancing itself in the world of growing science and computer era.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

भाषा की सबसे बड़ी कसौटी अपने आप को लम्बे समय तक आम लोगों के प्रयोग में आने और उपयोगिता बनाए रखने की होती है |जिस भी भाषा ने अपने आप को समय के साथ अपना परिष्कार किया है वह भाषा दीर्घजीवी बनी है| हिंदी ने विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी के विकास में अपने आप को परखा है और साधा है| इसी कारण आज हिंदी ने अपनी प्रयोजनीयता सिद्ध की है|हिंदी ने अपने कलेवर में न केवल स्थानीय बोलियों को अपने आप में समेटा है अपितु देश विदेश की अनेकानेक भाषाओँ की शब्द सम्पदा और अभिव्यक्तियों को भी अपने भंडार में शामिल किया है | यही कारण है कि हिंदी न केवल आज आम व्यक्ति के जीवन का अंग बनी है अपितु बढती विज्ञान और कंप्यूटर की दुनिया में भी अपने आपको नित प्रति आगे बढ़ा रही

Keywords: भाषा, विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी, कंप्यूटर युग
Podcast production and marketing strategies on the main platforms in Europe, North America, and Latin America. Situation and perspectives
Authors: Pérez-Alaejos María-de-la-Peña-Mónica , Terol-Bolinches Raúl , Barrios-Rubio Andrés
Published: October 2022

Fifteen years after the term was coined, the podcast is now consolidated as a sound format with a specific identity within the digital media ecosystem. The practice of podcasting is none other than radio, but one encompassing diverse production on both expressive and thematic levels whose properties (mobility, narrative fragmentation, and the integration of multiple devices) and personalized consumption generate a very different listener attitude compared with traditional radio. After an initial period of independent amateurism strongly conditioned by the technologies available, the podcast has achieved significant global popular recognition, as well as an increasingly important professional dimension thanks to the emergence and spread of new distribution platforms (podcast networks) designed to serve as alternatives to the dominant feeds (such as Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, iVoox, and Spotify) that rely on different catalogs and business models. This investigation identifies, describes, and systematically orders the main management and marketing models for podcasts on these platforms on the basis of a comparative analysis of fourteen of them, two in each of the eight countries in Europe, North America, and Latin America where this format is most widespread: Acast (Sweden); Podimo (Denmark); Binge Audio and Majelan (France); Podimo Spain and Podium Podcast (Spain); PodcastOne and Luminary (USA); Convoy Network and Puentes (Mexico); Posta and Parque Podcast (Argentina); and Pia Podcast and Podway (Colombia). The study measures and compares the offerings of each of the studied platforms using different quantitative and qualitative variables (age, territorial reach, content categories, dominant genres, funding, and consumption). The objective is to start to draw up a global map of the main operators in the podcasting industry, and to identify the production trends and marketing strategies of a format with increasing impact and demand, destined to become the future heir of broadcast radio.
Mythology as a Literary Source in Ahmet Midhat Efendi's Taaffüf Novel
Authors: SAĞLAM CAN Esengül
Published: October 2022

Ahmet Midhat Efendi, one of the versatile writers of Turkish literature, saw mythology as a spring that feeds literary works and drew attention to the importance of mythology in the series of articles he wrote in periodicals. In his novel Taaffüf, which was published as a book in 1895, the author preferred the method of telling the conflict of the heroine (Sâniha) with ancient representations and tried to exemplify how mythology can be used in the novel genre. In the novel, the heroine's struggle in her married life is told through two characters of Roman mythology. Sâniha's this struggle between being chaste and not being chaste is also considered as a global issue and was associated with the opposition between Venus and Minerva. Sâniha, who obtained knowledge of painting, sculpture and mythology through Râsih, who is the voice of the author, re-established the balance of love and loyalty in marriage, not as dysfunctional decorations in the novel, but as Minerva's victory in the struggle between Venus and Minerva, which gained importance as two opposite points of the fundamental conflict. The study aims to analyse how the author includes mythology in the narrative and the ways of constructing the thought in the novel of Taaffüf, which is a projection of Ahmet Midhat Efendi's views on mythology.
OPTOMECHANICAL TRANSDUCTION AND OPTICAL BISTABILITIES IN BRAGG-REFLECTOR-BASED MICRORESONATORS
Authors:   Centro Atómico Bariloche & Instituto Balseiro (C.N.E.A.) and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, R.N., Argentina, Anguiano S. , Bruchhausen A.E. ,   Centro Atómico Bariloche & Instituto Balseiro (C.N.E.A.) and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, R.N., Argentina, Fainstein A. ,   Centro Atómico Bariloche & Instituto Balseiro (C.N.E.A.) and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, R.N., Argentina
Published: October 2022

In cavity optomechanics experiments with ultrashort laser pulses, the temporal dynamics of the optical modes of the system play a fundamental role in the generation and detection of coherent phonons. In this work, we analyze the feasibility of using a second continuous emission laser to optimize the detection efficiency, by setting the fundamentalótical mode to a specific spectral position. Under certain conditions, and through this continuum excitation, it is possible to modify the recovery dynamics of the optical modes after an ultrafast pulsed excitation, to the point of stopping it on a quasiequilibrium. This phenomenon is directly related to the optical bistability of the resonator.
Changes in Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, Calcium, and Parathyroid Hormone with Different Doses of Iodine Therapy
Authors: Movahedi Mohammad Mehdi , Atefi Mohammad , Karimaghaei Gholam Reza , Noori Ahmad , Mahmoudi Tahereh , Gheisari Farshid
Published: October 2022

Background: Despite the benefits of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy as an adjunctive treatment for thyroid cancer, it can be associated with several side effects. The main purpose of this study was to determine the changes in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) at different doses of RAI therapy among patients who were referred to the nuclear medicine department of Namazi Hospital, Shiraz. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent RAI therapy at different doses of 100, 150, and 200 mCi. The ALP, Ca, and PTH levels of patients were measured before and 60 days after RAI therapy. Results: Our study revealed that RAI therapy at all doses significantly increased ALP level in comparison with baseline amounts (Pâ‰¤0.05). However, changes in PTH and Ca levels were not significant among patients who received different doses of RAI (PËƒ0.05). Conclusion: RAI therapy could affect important hormones and enzymes such as ALP and PTH. This issue can be considered in diagnostic and therapeutic prescriptions of RAI for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
THE ROLE OF THE NEEDLE AS A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCE OF PLANT ORIGIN IN FOOD PRODUCTION (PATENT REVIEW)
Authors: Nitsievskaya K. N. , Boroday E. V.
Published: October 2022

In the article, the authors substantiated the relevance and expediency of using needles as a herbal ingredient in the development of various product categories. The authors also conducted a content analysis of the data on the chemical composition of needles, indicating the uniqueness of the studied plant ingredient. The main forms of application of needles are represented by extracts based on alcohol or water essence, obtained by infusion, as well as CO2-extraction. The author’s generalized information on the type of needles used - the article presents needles of fir, juniper, spruce, pine, and other types of coniferous plants. Categories of homogeneous products using needles are different: flavor products, honey, bakery products, confectionery, biologically active substances, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. The authors also summarized information on the cities of the Russian Federation, where products are being developed using needles. The list of patent holders was analyzed by the form of ownership of the organization: individuals, scientific organizations, etc., and trends were identified for the publication of patents using the studied raw materials over the years.
ULTRASONIC EFFECT ON THE SUSPENSION OF SUNFLOWER CAKE AND WHEY
Authors: Volonchuk S. K. , Naumenko I. V. , Chekryga G. P. , Rezepin A. I.
Published: October 2022

In the article, the authors presented the results of studies of the process of ultrasonic exposure to a suspension of sunflower cake and whey. These studies were carried out by the authors to obtain a feed additive of increased value and safety for animal feeding. Ultrasound (US) is mechanical wave vibrations with frequencies greater than 20,000 vibrations per second (20 kHz). Ultrasonic waves propagate in solid, liquid and gaseous media, have high mechanical energy and cause several physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. Sunflower cake conglomerates with a particle size of 1370-1696 microns are destroyed into small ones with an average size of 18-172 microns due to the cavitation effect. As a result, a gel-like mass is formed from a simple mixture of components, which significantly improves the process of assimilation of the structured nutrients of the cake when feeding animals, i.e., enhances its value. The authors have identified the temperature-time modes for the ratio of the components of cake/whey 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The authors also determined the optimal temperature is 60-70 °C, and the processing time is 20 minutes. The authors also found that at a ratio of 1:8, the temperature of the mixture at all time values was lower due to a decrease in the viscosity of the resulting suspension. Microbial inactivation occurs under the action of ultrasound, this is especially noticeable with a larger amount of serum since in a liquid medium the cavitation process proceeds more intensively. As a result of statistical processing of process indicators, the authors concluded that with an increase in the duration (exposure) of processing, a decrease in the microbiological contamination of the additive occurs. This processing makes the feed additive safe for animal feeding.
NON-SPECIFIC HETEROSIS ON A COMPLEX OF FEATURES OF ADAPTABILITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF MINI-PIGS
Authors: Nikitin S. V. , Knyazev S. P. , Shatohin K. S. , Zaporozheс V. I. , Judin N. S. , Ermolaev V. I.
Published: October 2022

The authors studied the genetic diversity of the reproductive nucleus of mini-pigs at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (IC&G) of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS). To do this, the authors used the indicators of individual homo- and heterozygosity, calculated based on the «blood fractions» of large and small forms of domestic pigs, initial for the breeding group. The study showed that the average value of individual heterozygosity (conditionally actual) is 0.800±0.004, while homozygosity for the contribution of large and small forms of the domestic pig is 0.020±0.002 and 0.180±0.010, respectively. The indicator «blood fraction» can have two interpretations: 1) the probability of transmission of the ancestral allele in several generations; 2) the proportion of the genome of the ancestor that is present in the descendant. The authors determined their frequencies, which turned out to be 0.424 and 0.576 as if assuming the presence of a hypothetical locus with different alleles in the large and small forms of the domestic pig (respectively Ak and Am). The authors calculated heterozygosity for the breeding nucleus based on these frequencies while respecting the Hardy-Weinberg law. As a result, it turned out that the unbiased value is 0.493±0.067, which is significantly (P<0.001) less than the observed conditional-actual value. Selection is carried out according to a set of signs of general fitness (state of health, reproductive qualities, the viability of offspring, etc.) during the formation of the reproductive core of the breeding group of mini-pigs of the IC&G SB RAS. Therefore, the authors concluded that the increased heterozygosity of the breeding stock is due to the preferential selection of heterozygotes. But since selection is carried out according to a set of signs of general fitness, it can be stated that in the reproductive core of the selection group there is an effect of nonspecific heterosis due to heterozygosity. As a result, selection into the reproductive nucleus of individuals with high values of individual heterozygosity calculated by the proposed method can provide heterosis based on general adaptiveness.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ОЗНАКОВА МОДЕЛЬ ДЖЕРЕЛА ШКІДЛИВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ В СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ
Authors: Джулій Володимир , Муляр Ігор , Зацепіна Орислава , Пічура Вадим
Published: October 2022

Розглянута актуальна задача побудови інформаційно-ознакової моделі джерела шкідливої інформації в соціальних мережах. Інформаційно-ознакова модель шкідливої інформації в соціальних мережах, дозволяє сформувати дані для виявлення та протидії поширенню шкідливої інформації в мережі. Комплекс моделей складається з моделі шкідливої інформації, інформаційно-ознакової моделі шкідливої інформації, моделі джерела інформації, моделі соціальної мережі. Кожна з моделей містить унікальні атрибути та відношення між інформаційними об’єктами, також комплекс моделей дозволяє сформувати відповідні вимоги до алгоритмів оцінки та аналізу джерел повідомлень та забезпечує вибір контрзаходів.
ALTERNATIF PENERAPAN DISKRESI DALAM MODEL PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI DAERAH YANG BERCIRIKAN KEPULAUAN
Authors: Sucipta Pery Rehendra Sucipta
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang praktik pelayanan publik di daerah yang bercirikan kepulauan (Kabupaten Natuna, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau) yang notabene memiliki banyak pulau-pulau kecil sebagai wilayah bermukin masyarakat yang belum sepenuhnya aksesibel untuk dijangkau oleh pelayanan publik bahkan yang sifatnya dasar terutama kesehatan. Ditambah dengan ketentuan regulasi yang membatasi level penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan berdasarkan hirarkis administratif dimana wilayah kepulauan memerlukan perlakuan khusus. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk analisis eksploratif tentang alternatif penerapan Diskresi dalam model pelayanan publik di daerah yang bercirikan kepulauan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif yang meliputi asas hukum, kaedah hukum arti dalam arti nilai (norm), peraturan hukum konkrit dan sistem hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan diskresi memperkenankan administrasi pemerintahan lebih mengutamakan keefektifan tercapainya suatu tujuan (doelmatigheid) daripada berpegang teguh kepada ketentuan hukum dengan memberikan ruang bagi pemerintah daerah untuk merealisasikan pelayanan kesehatan yang paripurna bagi masyarakat Pulau Seluan dengan menghadirkan fasilitas dan tenaga medis di tengah-tengah masyarakat layaknya fasilitas dan tenaga medis pada suatu Puskemas, kendatipun kondisi dan status Pulau Seluan sampai dengan saat ini belum berstatus sebagai kecamatan. Kebijakan tersebut memberikan kemanfaatan umum dan berdampak langsung pada peningkatan kesejahteraan dan kepentingan warga masyarakat Pulau Seluan.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PEMBERLAKUAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK TERHADAP GURU DALAM PROSES PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Kusiah Yayah
Published: October 2022

Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak berperan positif dalam memberikan jaminan hukum kepada anak atau siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran di sekolah. Namun, saat ini undang-undang perlindungan anak dapat digunakan sebagai alat oleh orang tua untuk melaporkan guru kepada pihak berwenang ketika mereka tidak menyukai cara guru mendidik siswanya. Padahal dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, guru telah diberikan kebebasan untuk menilai dan menentukan kelulusan siswa, memberikan penghargaan dan dapat memberikan sanksi pendidikan kepada siswa sesuai dengan kode etik guru dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier sebagai data utama. Setelah data sekunder dan primer terkumpul, kemudian diadakan analisis secara kualitatif

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa Implementasi Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak membawa pengaruh pada guru dalam mendidik. Akibatnya, guru seperti menghadapi dilema, di satu sisi guru harus menegakkan disiplin dan tata tertib sekolah, sementara disisi lain, khawatir dikriminalisasi oleh orang tua atau pembela anak atas tuduhan melakukan kekerasan terhadap anak. Dampak dari dilema tersebut, akhirnya guru menjadi kurang tegas terhadap siswa yang nakal atau melanggar tata tertib sekolah dan Konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap Anak Dalam Proses Pendidikan mengacu pada konsep perlindungan anak dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak.
Finitude e singularidade: o jogo dos irredutíveis em Sartre
Authors: Prates Marcelo
Published: October 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a noção de finitude na obra de Sartre como base para a antropologia existencial desenvolvida nela. Perpassando desde O ser e o nada até as últimas entrevistas, discutimos tal tese a partir das análises, sobretudo, de Bornheim, Moutinho e Mészáros. Para isso, num primeiro momento discute a relação entre ser, finitude e negação. Num segundo momento, associamos a noção de finitude com a de singularidade e como por ela é estabelecida a relação entre ontologia, história e psicanálise existencial. Por fim, afere ao jogo dos irredutíveis como a dinâmica própria que subjaz à antropologia existencial.
Mouse and Human Tau Expression in Different Brain Areas
Authors: Vallés-Saiz Laura , Ruiz-Gabarre Daniel , García-Escudero Vega , Perry George , Avila Jesús , Hernández Félix
Published: October 2022

Background:

An increase in tau protein is believed to be necessary for tau aggregation. However, whether this is due to increased expression of the endogenous tau promoter or protein accumulation due to proteostasis failure remains uncertain.

Objective:

To analyze the expression of GFP protein under endogenous tau promoter across different ages and within different brain areas.

Methods:

We have measured direct expression of Mapt gene promotor by western blot and immunofluorescence, by means of a commercial tau knock-out mice generated by integrating GFP-encoding cDNA into exon 1 of the Mapt gene. Besides, we have analyzed the MAPT gene expression in human samples.

Results:

Mapt expression is similar in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in mice and in human samples although some differences exist between dentate gyrus and CA1 hippocampal areas in mice. Besides, we have analyzed the murine Mapt gene expression during aging (at 2, 6, 12, and 18 moths) and no differences in endogenous tau promoter expression were observed.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that Mapt promoter activity is similar in the brain areas studied and, therefore, tau accumulation due to aging is likely due to proteostasis failure rather than occurring at the transcriptional level.
Wiener index of a directed rough fuzzy graph and application to human trafficking
Authors: Ahmad Uzma , Nawaz Iqra
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we introduced Wiener index ( WI ) and average Wiener index ( AWI ) of directed rough fuzzy graph (DRFG). WI is the most extensively used index in graph theory. This index is based on the geodesic distance between two vertices. If there is no directed path from vertex x to vertex y in DRFG, we assume that the weight of geodesic from vertex x to vertex y is zero. In this paper, we investigate the connection between WI and connectivity index ( CI ), which is one of the most prominent index, by presenting several examples and results. We introduced the concept of complete directed rough fuzzy graph (CDRFG) along with some useful results like CDRFG have no weak edges. We also compute the WI for CDRFG. Moreover, we discussed three types of vertices: Wiener enhancing vertex (WEV), Wiener reducing vertex (WRV), and Wiener neutral vertex (WNV). The proposed study of DRFG is suitable for modeling uncertainties and unclear data information in the real life circumstances. In the end, we proposed an application of the WI in the human trafficking network. We also presented a detailed comparative analysis and comparison table by comparing our result for both CI and WI for the same human trafficking network.
Clinical Trial Readiness for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Experience of an International Educational-Training Initiative
Authors: Tizzano Eduardo F. , Christie-Brown Vanessa , Baranello Giovanni , Germanenko Olga , Gray Allyson , Krstic Marija , Lilien Charlotte , Patel Hinal , Servais Laurent , Scoto Mariacristina
Published: October 2022

Several successful clinical trials have been conducted in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) over recent years which have led to the approval of splicing modifiers and gene transfer therapies. With an increasing number of other agents progressing through pre-clinical and clinical development, increasing worldwide clinical trial readiness is becoming essential.

SMA Europe initiated a clinical trial readiness project, which included the development of a pilot face-to-face educational-training initiative for clinical specialists and physiotherapists involved in SMA, with an emphasis on the patient perspective. Participants were selected through two surveys and, ahead of the meeting, a mock protocol with specific questions was provided. The initiative involved a series of presentations, role-play and interactive exercises. We describe here our experience and evaluation of this educational-training initiative, emphasising scientific aspects, psychosocial implications and level of satisfaction.

From a participant, patient and industry perspective, such training was considered successful and met the objective, which was to improve clinical trial readiness in emerging sites. Resource planning, ethical considerations and communication with patients were identified as three important topics for future training. This initiative highlights the need to develop a training programme to achieve clinical trial readiness across Europe and showcases a collaborative effort with different stakeholders, clinicians, patient advocacy groups and sponsors to address an important issue.
Gene Therapy for Neuromuscular Diseases: Health Economic Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Landfeldt Erik
Published: October 2022

Highly efficacious, potentially curative gene therapies holds immense clinical promise, but also present complex challenges. At the time of regulatory approval and health technology assessment (HTA), evidence of efficacy and safety of gene therapies is often uncertain. In addition, research, development, and manufacturing costs, small pools of eligible patients, and the fact that many gene therapies are administered only once means that they frequently are associated with very high “one-off” price points. Although only a limited number of products have been brought to market globally, hundreds of clinical trials of gene therapies, including several of monogenetic neuromuscular diseases, are currently ongoing. Over time, as more and more conditions become amendable to gene therapy, the number of transformative, high-cost treatments is likely to increase considerably. For these reasons, concerns have been raised regarding the suitability of current health policy systems, including HTA frameworks, in ensuring appropriate access to these therapeutic innovations while simultaneously safeguarding value for taxpayers’ money, as well as affordability and sustainability. This review provides a summary overview of current challenges and future perspectives of gene therapies for neuromuscular diseases from a health economic point of view.
Synergic interactions between berry polyphenols and gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha Zafar , Javaid Nida , Hameeda Maryam
Published: October 2022

Now a days, scientific community has been taking initiatives to decrease burden of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and many others. Many nutraceuticals and functional food have a crucial function in preventing and decreasing burden of chronic diseases. Main purpose of the study was to relate association between mechanism of gut microbiota effecting cardiovascular diseases, moreover, to find out advantageous effects of berry polyphenols on gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. To summarize, we explore literature for beneficial effects of berry polyphenols by using multiple search engines including Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed. Original research article, review articles, experimental trials (human and animal studies) and abstract were also included in the current study based on relevancy to the characteristics of berries and their potential benefit on human health. This detailed review revealed that all classes of berries and their metabolites possess a definite impact on human health by preventing onset of chronic diseases by its anti-inflammatory property, thus, consider as one of the beneficial natural compounds that can be consumed on daily basis to prevent various disorders. There is also a positive association between berry polyphenols and modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, furthermore, showed a relationship between gut microbiome and incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 diabetic versus non-diabetic patients: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Al Hourani Huda , Alkhatib Buthaina , Al-Shami Islam
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and related comorbidities have a significant impact on clinical presentation and outcomes. The aim is to compare clinical presentation and outcomes among COVID-19 patients with or without DM.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Data from 312 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 at a single hospital were collected respectively from January to April 2021. It included demographic data, clinical symptoms, underlying comorbidities, clinical chemistry, and hematological laboratory findings. Different inflammation indices were calculated. The findings of COVID-19 diabetic and non-diabetic patients were compared.

RESULTS:

The percentage of COVID-19 patients with DM and hypertension or cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher compared to non-diabetic patients (78.6 % vs. 35%, and 46.4% vs. 23%, p < 0.001) respectively. The diabetic patients showed a significant increase in D-dimer and alkaline phosphatase levels (1922.2 vs.1154.5, p = 0.007 and 85.3 vs.75.5, p = 0.01) respectively. On the other hand, diabetic patients showed a significant decrease in serum albumin (3.5 vs.3.6, p = 0.012). The mean death probability indicator (ANDC), and ICU admission were higher in diabetic patients (72.2%, and 36.6%; respectively) versus the non-diabetic patients (60.7% and 26.1%; p < 0.001, 0.071; respectively). Also, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly higher in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.

CONCLUSION:

The diabetic patients had more comorbidities, a higher rate of ICU admission.
Handgrip strength and its correlation with anthropometric determinants and hand dimensions in children aged 6-12 years: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kakaraparthi Lalitha , Gadhavi Bhavana , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Samuel Paul Silvian
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength is considered an important interpreter of general health, and hand functions in children. It is mainly influenced by anthropometric determinants and hand dimensions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the handgrip strength and their association with anthropometric determinants, hand circumference, hand span, and hand length among school children in both the dominant and non-dominant hand. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements, hand circumference, hand span, hand length, and grip strength measurements were obtained from 133 school children of both genders aged 6–12 years. A Jamar hand-held dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength and the hand dimensions with a tape measure in cm. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the handgrip strength among boys and girls. The dominant hand was found to be sturdier than the non-dominant hand in both genders. We also found a significant correlation of anthropometric determinants and hand dimensions with handgrip strength. Age, BMI, hand circumference, hand span, and hand length had a strong correlation with grip strength (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the reference values and concluded its correlations with hand dimensions among school children aged 6–12 years and this information can serve as a manual for interpretation of handgrip strength measurements in children.