bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the fine‐needle aspiration cytology findings in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Strigle Stephen M. , Rarick Mark U. , Cosgrove Michele M. , Martin Sue Ellen
Published: February 2007

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are subject to infections and neoplasms, which frequently result in palpable or radiologically identified masses. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) offers a rapid, simple, and cost effective approach for diagnosis of these masses. During a 2‐yr period, 396 aspirates were performed on 362 HIV‐infected patients within the LAC‐USC Medical Center. Adequate material was obtained from 84% of the FNA, allowing the etiology of the mass to be determined in 90% of the cases by means of a combination of cytologic, microbiologic, and immunocytochemical procedures. Significant pathologic processes identified in these patients by means of FNA included reactive lymphoid proliferations (35%), abnormal lymphoid proliferations (12%), infections (12.5%), cystic (5.5%) and inflammatory processes (5%), nonlymphoid malignancies (4%), and salivary gland pathology (1%). We conclude that FNA is an appropriate initial diagnostic procedure in HIV positive patients presenting with mass lesions.
Comparison of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in the cytodiagnosis of genital herpetic infection
Authors: Kobayashi Tadao K.
Published: February 2007

Over a 62‐month period, 53 patients were found to have cervicovaginal smears that contained cells consistent with, or equivocal cells for, a herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The Papanicolaou‐destained smears from these cases were restrained in situ hybridization (ISH) with a biotinylated cloned DNA probe and immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay and were compared for the detection of HSV in cervicovaginal smears by two methods. Cytological findings classified the 53 slides into two groups, i.e., cytologically herpes positive (33 patients) and equivocal cases (20 patients). Each group was subdivided into two groups: group A was confirmed by ICC, and group B was confirmed by ISH technique. Of the 33 cellular samples containing cells considered to be consistent with a herpes infection, 15 (88%) of 17 were positive by means of ICC technique (group A), 6 (43%) of 14 were positive by ISH technique (group B).

Of the 20 smears showing equivocal cell changes thought unlikely to be caused by an HSV infection, 6 (60%) of 10 were positive by ICC (group A), 2 (29%) of 7 were positive by ISH (group B). With the ISH technique, five smears showed dislodged cells from glass slides due to enzyme treatment and denaturation. The results revealed that the ICC technique is a rapid and reliable procedure and thus recommended for routine diagnosis of HSV infection. Moreover, ICC is easier to perform and interpret and is less expensive than ISH. Therefore, the ICC may be preferable to ISH for detecting HSV in routine Papanicolaou diagnostic work.
The value of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of inflammatory pancreatic masses
Authors: Jorda M. , Essenfeld H. , Garcia E. , Ganjei P.
Published: February 2007

In order to determine the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of inflammatory pancreatic masses (pseudocyst and abscess), we reviewed 91 FNAC specimens performed during 1985‐1989 at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center. All specimens were collected under computed tomographic guidance.

A sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98% were recorded in the diagnosis of inflammatory pancreatic masses. The sensitivity and specificity of the method in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms were 79.5% and 100%, respectively.

We conclude that fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pancreas is not only an important diagnostic tool in patients with pancreatic cancer, but can also be used to diagnose inflammatory masses of the pancreas. In fact, aspiration of such masses may not only be diagnostic, but also therapeutic in some patients.
Radiation‐induced changes in the breast: A potential diagnostic pitfall on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Dornfeld Jean M. , Thompson Sophie K. , Shurbaji Muhammad S. , Kannan Vaidehi , Kline Tilde S.
Published: February 2007

The authors report a case of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of a breast mass in a 36‐year‐old woman with previous history of lumpectomy and therapeutic radiation for breast carcinoma. The changes seen were interpreted as recurrent carcinoma, while subsequent biopsy showed only radiation changes. Radiation‐induced changes in breast tissue are a potential diagnostic pitfall. The characteristic cytopathologic changes and their differential diagnosis are discussed.
The cytology of pediatric masses: A differential diagnostic approach
Authors: Howell Lydia Pleotis , Russell Liisa A. , Holbrook Howard P. , Teplitz Raymond L.
Published: February 2007

In the United States, fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and other cytodiagnostic methods have been underutilized in the evaluation of masses in the pediatric age group. Cytopathologists and cytotechnologists are therefore relatively unfamiliar with the cellular features of lesions that occur in children. On the basis of the cytologic findings from 64 pediatric cases, including 56 FNABs and 8 intra‐operative imprints, a differential diagnostic approach to lesions in this age group is presented. The majority of cases can be placed into 1 of 5 cytomorphologic categories: (1) round‐cell pattern, (2) mixed inflammatory pattern, (3) spindle‐cell pattern, (4) epithelial pattern, and (5) cystic pattern. Once a cytomorphologic category is determined, evaluation for unique cellular features, special studies, and clinical correlation allows a specific diagnosis to be made in most cases. Pitfalls in pediatric cytopathology are illustrated by discussion of the following cases: a renal Burkitt's lymphoma mimicking a Wilms' tumor, a traumatic neuroma masquerading as a recurrent malignant schwannoma, Langerhans‐cell histiocytosis resembling granulomatous inflammation, and a cystic granuloma that mimicked a branchial cleft cyst. Consideration of these problems and use of the recommended diagnostic approach will aid in interpretation in this difficult area.
Cytology of transitional‐cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Diagnostic yield and histologic basis
Authors: Dibonito Luigi , Musse Mohamed Moallim , Dudine Sandra , Falconieri Giovanni
Published: February 2007

The diagnostic yield of cytology in histologically proven transitional‐cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder has been studied in 100 cases. Cytohistologic correlation rates were 20 percent, 61.7 percent, and 92.8 percent, respectively, for grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors. When further evaluated, G2 cases were segregated into 2 subcategories, G2a and G2b, based on histologic preservation of nuclear polarity, pleomorphism, and other cellular irregularities. Correlation rates were rather low for G2a cases (6/18, 33%) and high for G2b cases, (23/29; 79%). The prevalence of atypical cells was 2 (11.1%) cases in G2a and 16 (55.2%) cases in G2b. The results of this study confirm that cytology has an extremely varying diagnostic yield in urinary bladder TCC. Greater cell exfoliation, increased atypia, and a tendency to infiltration of G2b and G3 cases probably account for the higher diagnostic yield detected in these groups. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supravital staining of synovial fluid with testsimplets
Authors: Reginato Antonio J. , Maldonado Irama , Reginato Anthony M. , Falasca Gerald F. , O'Connor Carolyn R.
Published: February 2007

We explored the use of Testsimplet (TS) in synovial fluid (SF) analysis. TS is a glass slide coated with a dry mixture of methylene blue and cresyl violet, which in contact with one drop of SF provides a stained fresh preparation. We applied the TS to the study of 159 SFs of patients with different rheumatic diseases. In those SFs of patients with crystal‐associated diseases, the crystal search was performed both on unstained preparations and with TS. TS was as good as the Wright's and Papanicolaou stain in characterizing SF cells, lupus erythematosus cells, and detection of occasional bacteria. TS allowed a better visualization of Reiter's cells, cartilage fragments, synovial villi, fat droplets, and fibrin. Crystals were identified in every TS of those patients with crystal‐associated diseases. TS is a rapid and reproducible method of SF supravital staining. Crystals are well preserved for simultaneous examination with compensated polarized light. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of monoclonal antibody for assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptors in malignant effusions
Authors: Masood Shahla
Published: February 2007

An immunocytochemical assay utilizing specific monoclonal antibodies against estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) has been shown to be highly reliable for the detection of hormone receptors in hormone sensitive tumors. To assess the usefulness of this technique in malignant effusions, CytospinR (Shandon, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15275), preparations of 41 pleural and ascitic fluid were studied. The findings from the malignant cells employing estrogen and progesterone receptor immunocytochemical assay were compared with the results obtained from primary tumors by biochemical (dextran‐coated charcoal) assay. The results agreed in 88% for ER and 83% for PgR. This study supports the potential value of cytochemical technique in detection of hormone receptors in malignant effusions. Assessment of hormone receptors in malignant effusions may be of clinical significance, particularly in situations where the hormone receptor status of the original tumor is not known. This information may also have some diagnostic and therapeutic importance in assessment of patients presenting with metastatic tumors of unknown origin. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative spindle‐cell nodule of urinary bladder with unusual intracytoplasmic inclusions
Authors: Lo James W. , Fung Christopher H. K. , Yonan Theodore , Dimauro Jose
Published: February 2007

Postoperative spindle‐cell nodule of the urinary bladder (or in the absence of previous surgical procedure, inflammatory pseudotumor) is a reactive process of unknown etiology mimicking a sarcoma. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were noted inside the atypical spindle cells on Diff‐Quik stained smears in a recent case of this entity. Although fluorescence was noted in the inclusion bodies with monoclonal antibodies against the major outer membrane protein of the Chlamydia species, the exact nature of these inclusion bodies remains unknown. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration findings of the liver in a case of Q fever
Authors: Greiner Timothy C. , Mitros Frank A. , Stapleton Jack , Van Rybroek John
Published: February 2007

This report describes the cytologic findings in Q fever involving the liver in a 59‐yr‐old man. The fine‐needle aspiration findings are correlated with a surgical needle biopsy performed concurrently. Cytopathologists should include Q fever in their differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation. Ring granulomas, which can be seen in an aspiration biopsy, should suggest the diagnosis of Q fever. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AgNOR counts are useful in cervical smears
Authors: Cardillo M. R.
Published: February 2007

Because they present marked cellular changes, the cytological appearances of epithelial repair may be confused with those of cancer. To see whether the Ag‐NOR staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions would be useful to distinguish benign proliferative reactions (squamous metaplasia and repair) from cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN I, CIN II, and CIN III), we studied a series of cervical smears. The smears, previously stained with the Papanicolaou technique, were destained and restained with Ag‐NOR silver. Significantly different (P < 0.05) Ag‐NOR counts were found in squamous metaplasia, epithelial repair, and various degrees of CIN. The Ag‐NOR technique appears useful in the diagnosis of cervical cytology and particularly in cases with marked cellular change, which could be confused with neoplasia. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Identification of acanthamoeba in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens
Authors: Newsome Anthony L. , Curtis Faune T. , Culbertson Clyde G. , Allen Stephen D.
Published: February 2007

Acanthamoeba species infect humans occasionally and act as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised individuals. This study demonstrates the application of cytocentrifugation as an aid to identification of Acanthamoebae. In addition, certain staining procedures clearly optimized visualization of characteristic amoebic features. This was demonstrated by adding amoebae from laboratory cultures to bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. In preparations stained by the Papanicolaou, trichrome, or hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) procedures, the discrete deeper staining nucleolus was the most distinctive feature. The vacuolated cytoplasm also aided in the identification of amoebae. These features were less apparent and often distorted following staining of Acanthamoeba species with the Hema III and Giemsa procedures. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Asteroid bodies and calcium oxalate crystals: Two infrequent findings in fine‐needle aspirates of parotid sarcoidosis
Authors: Pérez‐Guillermo M. , Sola Pérez J. , Espinosa Parra F. J.
Published: February 2007

We have studied 3 cases of sarcoidosis involving the parotid gland by means of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The main findings were noncaseating granulomas, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), and lymphocytes. In one case MGCs contained asteroid bodies and in another case we observed calcium oxalate crystals (COCs) over both stromal fragments and MGCs. Although nonpathognomonic for sarcoidosis, these 2 findings may help in the diagnosis of this condition. However, both are easily overlooked and must be borne in mind when viewing noncaseating granulomas. Sarcoid granulomas displaying COC must be differentiated from foreign‐body granulomas. The aforementioned cytological findings must be assessed in conjunction with clinical findings. Nevertheless, in most cases the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is made by exclusion. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy of granulosa‐cell tumor of the ovary: Cytologic findings and differential diagnosis
Authors: Nguyen Gia‐Khanh , Redburn Jim
Published: February 2007

Fine‐needle aspirates from four histologically confirmed adult granulosa‐cell tumors of the ovary revealed irregular sheets, loose aggregates or tight clusters of small tumor cells with round or oval nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Nuclear grooves and indentations were noted in a small number of cells in two cases. Tumor cells arranged in follicular pattern mimicking Call‐Exner bodies were not identified in all cases. A cytologic differential diagnosis of “small‐cell” tumors of the ovary is briefly discussed.
Scanning electron microscopy of body fluids
Authors: Beals Ted F.
Published: February 2007

Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) examination of body fluid specimens submitted for cytopathological diagnosis is technically easy and can be accomplished within hours. Specimens refrigerated for as long as 72 hr show no significant structural alterations that would interfere with recognition of diagnostically significant cells. SEM is particularly well suited for these specimens because the cells are free floating, and even cells in clusters have “natural” surfaces. Clinical uses of SEM on body fluids include the identification of ambiguous cells, distinction of reactive (benign) mesothelial cells from metastatic adenocarcinoma, and distinction of lymphoid cells from small cell carcinoma of the lung. In addition, SEM of these fluids assists cytologists to better understand the cellular features and associations seen in the light microscope. Ultrastructural analysis can be an important component of the Quality Assurance Plan for those cytodiagnostic laboratories that have access to an electron microscopy facility. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Electron microscopy of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of the mediastinum
Authors: Neill James S. A. , Silverman Jan F.
Published: February 2007

Twenty cases of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of mediastinal tumors with ultrastructural studies of the aspirated material were renewed. The cases were classified according to the cytologic and ultrastructural diagnosis. A specimen insufficient for ultrastructural study was obtained in five cases (25%). Refinement of the cytologic diagnosis was made in three cases (15%) and good correlation between the initial cytologic impression and the ultrastructural studies was seen in the remaining cases (60%). Comparison of different sites of FNA biopsy revealed a higher rate of ultrastructural examination in the cases involving the mediastinum. Illustrative cases of the use of electron microscopy in FNA biopsies of mediastinal tumors are presented. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron microscopy of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens: A brief review
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Bakry Mohammed , Al‐Jeaid Aziza Saad , McClintock Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2007

The cellular sample obtained by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is usually small and therefore requires extreme care during processing for electron microscopy. The most significant technical problem is due to contamination of the sample by red blood cells, which tend to dilute the samples. Red blood cells in these samples may be removed prior to processing by either using Bovine serum albumin as a gradient or by filtration of the specimen by a nylon sieve. Experience at our institution with the use of electron microscopy for interpretation of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy samples is briefly reviewed. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron microscopy of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy from extragonadal germ cell tumors
Authors: Dell'Antonio G. , Taccagni G. L. , Terreni M. R. , Leone B. E. , Cantaboni A.
Published: February 2007

We describe five cases of extragonadal germ cell tumor (EGCT) diagnosed by the electron microscope (EM) on cytological material. The clinical diagnosis was incorrect in all cases and EGCT was suspected in two cases; cytological diagnosis by light microscopy confirmed the presence of malignant tumor cells, but did not identify the cytotype/s correctly except in one case. Ultrasonography, laparoscopy. and autopsy (in case 3) excluded a primitive germ cell tumor (GCT). Histology confirmed the EM diagnosis in all cases.

EM, even of scanty or necrotic cytological material, is particularly useful for mediastinal and retroperitoneal masses. In case of EGCT, EM can identify the different cytotypes and the different ultrastructural subcellular cytotypes and demonstrates a close relation between seminomatous and nonseminomatous GCT, which could influence their classification and prognosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid ultrastructural examination of FNAs in the diagnosis of intrathoracic tumors
Authors: Kurtz Stanley M.
Published: February 2007

By coupling radiologic imaging procedures with a fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) technique, superficial and deep‐seated tumors of the thorax may be sampled for cytopathologic evaluation with relative ease, minimal trauma to the patient, and may avert unnecessary or contraindicated surgery. However, the cytodiagnostic limitations that apply to FNA specimens from other sites also obtain for tumors of the thoracic cavity. Although application of histo‐ and immunohistochemistry offers some expansion of cytodiagnostic limits, their inherent problems of technical failure and biological capriciousness demand a highly critical if not outright skeptical appraisal of the result when applied to cytology specimens. By extending the basic morphologic principles of cytodiagnosis to include fine structure, its limitations can be largely eliminated. Journals of pathology and specialized atlases contain detailed fine structural descriptions of essentially all recognized neoplasms, and the features that discriminate one neoplasm from another are now well recognized. In most instances, a few well‐preserved cells or cell groups obtained from an FNA can provide a morphological diagnosis that rivals or surpasses that of conventional paraffin sections of surgically biopsied material, when evaluated in concert with the cytology preparation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Merits of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in children: Head and neck
Authors: Wakely Paul E.
Published: February 2007

(Editor's Note: Recently, I a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimen taken from an 18 month‐old baby. The interpretation was relatively easy because the patient had a previous diagnosis of neuroblastoma. However, I found very little information regarding the value of FNA in the pediatric age group. Can you shed light on this subject?).
Diagnostic accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in persistent or recurrent gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Wojcik Eva M. , Selvaggi Suzanne M.
Published: February 2007

A retrospective 7 1/4‐yr study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the cell typing of persistent or recurrent gynecologic malignancies. A total of 202 aspirates were obtained from 163 patients with documented malignancies of the cervix, uterus, ovary, vulva, and vagina. Information concerning the primary tumor was obtained from surgical reports and/or medical records. In 168/202 cases (83%), the histological diagnosis, including primary tumor cell type and subtype (ex. squamous cell carcinoma, large cell keratinizing), were available. In 12/202 cases (6%), only the tumor cell type (ex. squamous cell carcinoma) was known, and in the remaining 22 cases (11%), only the location of the primary neoplasm was attainable. Aspirated sites included pelvic wall and organs (77 cases), lymph nodes (51 cases), thoracic organs (18 cases), and abdominal wall and organs (56 cases), including liver (33 cases). Of the 168 cases with known histologic diagnoses, the FNA results were positive in 109 (65%). The positive results were divided into three groups: group I, the cytologic findings were predictive of the histologic diagnoses (84 cases, 77%); group II, tumor cell subtyping was not possible on cytology (17 cases, 16%); group III, neither tumor cell typing nor subtyping was possible on cytology (8 cases, 7%). Of the 34 cases in which only the histologic tumor cell type or primary tumor location was known, 13 (38%) were positive on FNA. Of these, the cytologic diagnoses were specific in eight cases (62%) (group I); 4 FNA results (31%) were categorized as group II and 1 case (7%) as group III. The results of this study indicate that a precise cytologic diagnosis (75% in this series; 92/122 positive cases) as to tumor cell type and subtype can be make in the majority of FNAs obtained from patients with persistent or recurrent gynecologic malignancies.
Needle aspiration cytology of the irradiated breast
Authors: Filomena Carol Ann , Jordan Andrea G. , Ehya Hormoz
Published: February 2007

During a 3‐year period (1987‐1989), 60 fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAs) were obtained from new breast lesions in patients previously treated by radiation and surgery for breast carcinoma. The lesions occurred at or near the site of previous excision, 3‐117 months after initiation of radiotherapy. FNAs were classified as follows: acellular (11); negative (29); atypical (13); suspicious (4); and positive (3). For statistical analysis, acellular, negative, and atypical diagnoses were considered negative findings, and suspicious and positive diagnoses were considered positive findings. On the basis of subsequent biopsy and/or patient follow‐up, FNA yielded a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 98%, a positive predictive value of 86%, a negative predictive value of 98%, and an efficiency of 97%. Excluding cystic lesions, the most reliable criterion for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions was the abundance of epithelial cells, both singly and in large clusters. Cellular characteristics were less helpful, since nuclear atypia was seen in both benign and malignant lesions. It is concluded that (1) FNA is a reliable technique in the evaluation of the irradiated breast; (2) when performed by an experienced operator, an acellular aspirate may be interpreted as evidence against recurrent carcinoma; and (3) epithelial atypia must be interpreted with caution to avoid a false‐positive diagnosis.
Columnar cells in posthysterectomy vaginal smears
Authors: Bewtra Chhanda
Published: February 2007

Columnar cells in posthysterectomy vaginal smears are unusual and rare. Nine such cases are reported here during a 6‐yr period. All nine patients were asymptomatic and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy for gynecological malignancies was performed 8 mo to 25 yr ago. Three patients had local radiation and one had systemic chemotherapy not less than 8 mo before the cytology. The columnar cells showed one of three patterns: 1) long, bipolar cells in sheets, resembling reparative columnar cells (4 cases), 2) goblet‐type cells with eccentric nuclei (3 cases), and 3) tight clusters of small round cells (2 cases). No consistent relationship with age, treatment, or background was seen with any of the patterns. Follow‐up of all cases by thorough pelvic examination, repeat smears, colposcopy, and biopsy showed no vaginal pathology. Benign mucinous or goblet cell metaplasia in atrophic vaginal epithelium may be the source of some of these cells in the vaginal smears.
Nucleolar organizer regions in FNAC smears of breast lesions
Authors: Misra Kiran , Kumar Neelam Dhingra
Published: February 2007

The argyrophil technique for staining proteins associated with nucleolar organizing regions was applied to the fine‐needle aspiration cytology smears of 45 cases of breast disease. These included 14 malignant and 31 benign lesions. A correlation with histology sections was done in 12 cases. There was a significant difference between AgNOR count of benign and malignant breast disease with one case out of 45 falling in the “gray” zone of overlap. Infiltrating lobular carcinoma was found to have the lowest NOR counts among the malignant lesions. The smear staining was superior to that on sections, the positive features being lack of background staining and better dispersion of NORs in the nucleoli.
Fine‐needle aspiration of cystic nephroma (multilocular cyst of the kidney)
Authors: Clark S. P. , Kung I. T. M. , Tang S. K.
Published: February 2007

Cystic nephromas are rare tumors of the kidney most commonly affecting boys or adult females. The fine‐needle aspiration cytomorphology has not yet been described.

A renal cystic mass in a 56 year old female was aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Papanicolaou stained smears of the cyst fluid revealed markedly atypical cells forming papillary clusters. Subsequent nephrectomy showed a typical cystic nephroma with lining epithelium resembling that seen in the aspirate.

The cytomorphology of cystic nephroma has been misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma in the literature. Low cellularity, absence of necrosis, and paucity of single cells are features that should raise the possibility of cystic nephroma in a cystic renal mass. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in pulmonary specimens: Confirmation by in situ hybridization in two cases
Authors: Iwa Nobuzo , Sasaki Masaomi , Yutani Chikao , Wakasa Kenichi
Published: February 2007

Papanicolaou stained bronchial brush and imprint pulmonary smears containing intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bearing alveolar pneumocytes suggestive of cytomegalovirus infection were destained and reprocessed for in situ hybridization using a biotinylated probe for cytomegalovirus DNA. Two cases were processed in this way. A hybridization signal for viral DNA was noted in each case. However, no reddish brown staining reaction products were noted in any of the control samples. This simple and rapid nonradioactive detection system is a valuable supplement to routine pulmonary cytology for the definitive diagnosis of this virus infection, and this technique is also appropriate for retrospective study. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in serous effusions using an antimesothelial‐cell antibody
Authors: Donna Adalberto , Betta Pier‐Giacomo , Bellingeri Domenico , Tallarida Francesca , Pavesi Mansueto , Pastormerlo Massimo
Published: February 2007

Differentiating mesothelioma, reactive mesothelium, and adenocarcinoma in serous effusions is often difficult, despite the application of ancillary techniques in support of the traditional cytomorphologic criteria. A polyclonal antimesothelial‐cell antibody recently developed by our group was evaluated as a histogenetic marker on a series of primary (n = 12) and metastatic (n=12) malignant effusions. Immunostaining was performed on paraffin sections from cell blocks. All mesothelioma effusions stained positive for the antibody, whereas, in contrast, all metastatic carcinoma specimens failed to react. These results (100 percent specificity and 100% sensitivity for mesothelioma) provide a basis for a reliable use of the antibody in the cytologic examination of suspicious or malignant serous effusions.
Cytologic characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology: A case report
Authors: Drut Ricardo
Published: February 2007

The cytologic features of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) as recognized in smears of fine‐needle aspirated cytology (FNAC) are reported. These included spindle‐ and tadpole‐shaped cells with round to oval nuclei having small nucleoli and a smooth contour. The cytoplasm of these cells was dense and homogeneously stained. The background was composed of mucoid fibrillar material. The findings appear to be different from other types of renal tumors in infancy and specific enough for this tumor to allow diagnosis by FNAC. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous fine‐needle aspiration of thyroid lesions and regional cervical lymph nodes: Clinicopathologic implications
Authors: Guarda Luis A.
Published: February 2007

Occasionally patients with thyroid nodules to be evaluated by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy also present with regional cervical lymphadenopathy. Aspiration biopsies should be performed on both the thyroid and nodal lesions. This approach will yield important information about whether the lesions are related, with profound impact on further workup, management, prognosis, and staging. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic angiosarcoma: Report of a case with immunocytochemical findings
Authors: Wong John W. , Bedard Yvan C.
Published: February 2007

Hepatic angiosarcoma (Kupffer cell sarcoma) is a very rare but ominous malignancy. We report a case diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The smear showed malignant spindle cells and a few rounded cells. The diagnosis was made on the cell block by the characteristic scaffolding arrangement of malignant cells along preexisting hepatocytes. This is the first report with immunocytochemical findings. The tumour cells stained positively for vimentin and negatively for keratin, factor VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA‐1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and lysozyme. This case demonstrates the possibility of a definitive diagnosis by FNAB prior to death without inflicting serious complications.
Benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland: Diagnosis of bone lesions by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Pitman Martha Bishop , Thor Ann D. , Goodman Max L. , Rosenberg Andrew E.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of benign salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas metastatic to bone (benign‐metastasizing pleomorphic adenomas) diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy are presented. Both primary tumors were slightly atypical cytologically but neither case demonstrated features of carcinoma. The metastatic lesions contained benign epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal components. In both cases the clinical history was either not known by the radiologist or not communicated to the cytopathologist interpreting the case, and a primary tumor of bone was the leading clinical diagnosis. Obtaining pertinent clinical history and comparing the cytomorphology of the bone aspirate with the primary parotid tumor allowed for an accurate diagnosis in both cases. The differential diagnosis with primary bone tumors is discussed and the importance of clinical history is emphasized.
Breast filariasis diagnosed by needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Sengupta S. K. , Webb S. , Cooke R. A. , Igo J. D.
Published: February 2007

A case of a nodular lesion of the breast in a 37 year old female caused by filariasis is described. The case is instructive since the diagnosis was made by fine‐needle aspiration cytology.
Nodular goiter: A histo‐cytological study with some emphasis on pitfalls of fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Ruben Harach H. , Zusman Silvia B. , Saravia Day E.
Published: February 2007

A comprehensive comparative histo‐cytological study of 48 nodular goiters from an endemic goiter region was undertaken. Practically all features observed on the biopsies were identified, although with less frequency, on the smears. In agreement with previous observations, characteristic components of nodular goiter (NG) in aspirates included small to medium size epithelial cells with regular round nuclei, honeycomb pattern, large follicles, papillae showing the previously mentioned epithelial features, oxyphilic cells, and moderate to abundant background colloid material and thyroid phagocytes (macrophages). All eight features occurred together in only 2% of the studied cases, seven in 6 (12.5%), six in 4 (8%), five in 6 (12.5%), four in 12 (25%), three in 6 (12.5%), two in 11 (23%), and one in 2 (4%) cases, respectively. Regardless of the number and combination of features present, specific identification of NG on the smears may not always be possible and diagnostic pitfalls include thyroid cyst, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, granulomatous lesions, and, more frequently, follicular neoplasia. Our findings suggest that thyroid aspirates should be analysed with critical clinico‐pathological approach and surgery considered only for nodules that are clinically suspicious or unresponsive to hormonotherapy when a diagnosis of follicular neoplasia is made.
Diagnosis of tuberculosis of bone and soft tissue by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Masood Shahla
Published: February 2007

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is a well‐established procedure in the detection of various neoplastic processes. However, there are only limited reports on the efficacy of this technique in nonneoplastic conditions. In this study, fine‐needle aspiration cytology findings of bone and soft tissue lesions in 11 patients with tuberculosis are reported. Spine, scapula, chest wall, flank areas, tibia, ring, and index fingers were the sites of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 65 years. Granulomatous reaction with or without caseation necrosis was seen in 73%. The aspirated material was acellular or predominantly composed of necrotic material and inflammatory infiltrates in 27%. Acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) could be demonstrated in 64%. Culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 83%. This study supports previous suggestions that fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is a simple alternative to open biopsy for the diagnosis of TB of bone and soft tissue lesions. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of diagnosis of malignant lymphoma by combining fine‐needle aspiration cytomorphology with immunocytochemistry and in selected cases, southern blotting of aspirated cells: A tissue‐controlled study of 86 patients
Authors: Cartagena Norberto , Katz Ruth L. , Hirsch‐Ginsberg Cheryl , Childs Craig C. , Ordóñez Nelson G. , Cabanillas Fernando
Published: February 2007

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of lymph nodes in malignant lymphoma is fraught with difficulty. In certain clinical situations, cytology has been documented to be useful in patients with malignant lymphoma. The intent of our investigation was to determine the accuracy of a multiparameter approach in diagnosing lymphoma. We reviewed the results of FNA cytology combined with the immunocytochemistry and, in some cases, the Southern blots of aspirated cell suspensions obtained from 86 suspected lymphoma patients who subsequently underwent surgical biopsy of the aspirated site. In four cases, in which FNA was unable to retrieve sufficient material for diagnosis, the histology showed extensive fibrosis. When the FNA diagnoses were compared with the histologic diagnoses, the diagnosis concurred in 69 cases (56 malignant lymphomas, 12 reactive, 1 atypical lymphoid proliferation). There was one false‐positive, six false‐negatives, and eight cases diagnosed as atypical lymphoid proliferation. Overall accuracy was 91%. There were two types of false‐negative cases: those in which a diagnosis of another malignancy or unspecified malignant neoplasm was made and those that were diagnosed as reactive when the histology showed lymphoma. In seven cases, the DNA rearrangement studies of the antigen receptor genes were successfully performed on the aspirated cells and were useful in establishing lineage and clonality of both B and T lymphoid cells.

Our study indicated that the use of a multiparameter approach in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma by FNA enhanced the accuracy of diagnosis of the non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. In Hodgkin's disease, no benefit was derived from the approach. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma: Cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural correlations
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Ali Muhammad Ashraf , Bakry Mohammed , Hug Mahmuda , Sackey Kwasi
Published: February 2007

A series of 15 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and confirmed by histopathology is reviewed. Cytologically, the tumors were composed of a variable mixture of cells, which according to the degree of differentiation were categorized as early, intermediate, or late rhabdomyoblasts. Histologically, the tumors were divided into embryonal 9, monomorphic round cell 4, and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 2. Comparison of histological and cytological features revealed that embryonal types were composed mainly of early rhabdomyoblasts. Recognition of these patterns may be helpful in FNAB diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermoid cyst of the spleen: Diagnosis suggested by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Tuccari Giovanni , Giuffrè Giuseppe , Muscarà Maurizio
Published: February 2007

The authors report a case of epidermoid cyst of the spleen, in which cytologic findings were characteristic and suggested this diagnosis. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings are described in the attempt to clarify the histogenesis of this cystic lesion. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipomas of anterior neck simulating thyroid nodules: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Butler Sheila L. , Oertel Yolanda C.
Published: February 2007

The anterior neck is an unusual location for lipomas. Cervical lipomas can be mistaken for non‐functioning thyroid nodules. We report eight cases from our files diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Our purpose is to call attention to this simple technique in establishing an accurate diagnosis and how it can contribute to better patient management by avoiding unnecessary thyroid suppressive therapy and/or surgery. We advocate using FNA as the initial diagnostic test on palpable masses in the neck. The differential diagnosis must include thyroid lipomatosis, thyrolipoma or adenolipoma, amyloid goiter with fatty infiltration, and fat‐containing thyroidal neoplasms (papillary carcinoma and follicular neoplasms). © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Processing of needle rinse material from fine‐needle aspirations rarely detects malignancy not identified in smears
Authors: Henry‐Stanley Michelle J. , Stanley Michael W.
Published: February 2007

When preparing FNA smears, we recover material left in the needle hub by forcefully striking the open hub against a slide. Material in the syringe tip is expressed by repeated forceful blasts of air (needle unattached). We investigated the utility of recovering additional material by rinsing the needle and syringe. Saline was used to flush the needle and syringe tip repeatedly. All material was processed by cytocentrifugation. We studied 159 needle rinse (NR) specimens from 152 patients (breast = 70, lymph node = 30. lung = 15, soft tissue = 14, salivary gland = 12, thyroid = 12, liver = 5, branchial cleft cyst = 1). Malignancy was Identified in 21 FNAs (13%) from 21 patients (14%). All were diagnosed in smears (9 lung, 5 liver, 4 lymph node, 2 breast, 1 soft tissue). NR material identified 16 of these (76%). No case with benign smears (n = 138) showed malignancy in NR material. We conclude that if good technique is applied to preparation of smears and recovery of material from the needle hub and syringe tip, NR material will rarely identify additional malignancies. It thus represents an inefficient allocation of technical and human resources within the laboratory. However, NR may provide additional slides for special stains and may be useful for clinicians who do not always prepare high quality smears. Furthermore, the ease with which FNA of palpable masses can be repeated suggests that in the small number of cases requiring special stains, additional material can be readily obtained. Thus in the light of our data, there is probably little reason to prepare NR specimens in any but the most exceptional cases. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helicobacter (campylobacter) pylori in gastric brushing cytology
Authors: Edmonds Pamela R. , Carrozza Michael J. , Ruggiero Francesca M. , Calafati Stephanie A. , Jann Robert C.
Published: February 2007

Helicobacter ( formerly Campylobacter) pylori is frequently associated with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer and has been implicated as an etiologic agent. Identification of H. pylori is important for specific treatment with antibiotics and bismuth compounds. We studied 27 patients who presented with symptoms of gastritis or peptic ulcer on whom paired gastric biopsies and gastric brushings for cytology had been performed. Biopsies were stained with H & E and Warthin‐Starry or Giemsa for H. pylori. Previously, Papanicolaou‐stained brushings were restained with Giemsa and reviewed blindly by two cytologists. Cytologic examination revealed the characteristic 1‐3 μ curved or spiral gram‐negative bacilli embedded in mucus in 12 of 27 (44%) of cases. Biopsies showed H. pylori in 13 of 27 (48%) of cases. Cytology and histology were concordant in 22 of 27 (81%) of cases. Three cases were positive on biopsy, negative on cytology; two of these were unsatisfactory cytology specimens. Two cases were positive on cytology, negative on biopsy, apparently sampling artifacts. Papanicolaoustained slides were scored for several morphologic parameters; numbers of acute and chronic inflammatory cells and degree of cytologic atypia. None of these were predictive of the presence of H. pylori. We conclude that Giemsa‐stained gastric brushings are a useful complement to gastric biopsies in establishing the diagnosis of H. pylori. Diagn Cytopathol 1992;8:563‐566. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary mycetomas in immunocompetent patients: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Deike Marcia , Knoedler John , Iber Conrad
Published: February 2007

Mycetomas usually grow within preexisting cavities and frequently lead to pulmonary hemorrhage. We describe four males, aged 38 to 72 years, in whom mycetomas were diagnosed by FNA. Preexisting cavitary lesions resulted from tuberculosis, anaerobic absess, and bullous lung disease (two cases). Fine needle aspiration yielded tangled mats of fungal hyphae (large and grossly visible in three cases) and acute inflammatory cells. The atypical cells often seen in the walls of such lesions were not identified. Cultures showed Aspergillus (3 cases) Pseudoallescheria boydii (1 case). The diagnosis was surgically confirmed in two cases. Two patients were too ill for surgery and the fourth refused. At 7 and 10 months, the two remaining individuals have pulmonary hemorrhage but no evidence of progression or malignancy. In poor surgical candidates, conservative management of mycetomas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration is appropriate. Excluding mycetoma secondary to cavitary lung carcinoma requires careful correlation of historical, clinical, radiographic, cytologic, and follow‐up data. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy cytology of malignant papillary breast neoplasms
Authors: Dei Tos Angelo P. , Giustina Dino Della , Bittesini Lucia
Published: February 2007

Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm characterized by a low grade of malignancy. From the files of the Department of Histopathology of Conegliano Veneto City Hospital, Conegliano Veneto, Italy, 16 cases of papillary breast carcinoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology have been selected. A multiparametric morphologic study has been performed in order to contribute to the cytologic characterization of this rare group of breast malignancies. The authors believe that aspiration biopsy cytology is able to provide an accurate preoperative diagnosis.
Pulmonary aspergillosis: An unusual cytologic presentation
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Davies Scott , Deike Marcia
Published: February 2007

Cytologic identification of Aspergillus is usually based on recognition of hyphal elements; conidia are rarely seen. We report a case of autopsy‐proven pulmonary Aspergillosis which was studied antemortem by bronchoalveolar lavage. This mass arose in the clinical setting of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis. The specimen contained numerous conidia, some of which exhibited germination. No hyphae were seen. This unusual cytologic expression of clinically significant fungal disease could be easily overlooked. Distinction of Aspergillus conidia from contaminating pollen is discussed. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the breast, simulating gynecomastia: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Nappi Oscar , Ferrara Gerardo , Lanniello Giovanni , Wick Mark R.
Published: February 2007

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may uncommonly present with distant metastasis in the absence of a documented neoplasm in the liver. The authors herein describe the case of a 60‐year‐old man with cirrhosis who developed unilateral enlargement of the breast and a subareolar mass. This problem was clinically thought to represent gynecomastia, but a mammary fine‐needle aspiration biopsy demonstrated a malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of large granular amphophilic cells. Bile pigment was visualized in the tumor on aspirate smears and cell block preparations; immunostains showed reactivity for cytokeratin and alpha‐fetoprotein, but there was no positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15, vimentin, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or S100 protein. These results indicated a diagnosis of metastatic HCC, which was subsequently confirmed by computed tomography of the abdomen. © 1992 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystic nephroma: Cytologic findings in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Drut Ricardo
Published: February 2007

This report presents the fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of a multicystic renal tumor found in a 3‐year‐old child. The smears contained benign epithelial cells isolated or arranged in sheets of uniform cells strongly suggesting the lining of the cysts. The combination of the imaging data with the FNAC findings favoured the diagnosis of cystic nephroma (CN), a benign renal tumor that is cured by surgery. Surgical pathology confirmed the diagnosis. CN should be added to the list of tumors of the kidney in infancy that appear to be diagnosable by FNAC/biopsy.