bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure, phase evolution and corrosion behaviour of the Zn–Al–Mg–Sb alloy coating on steel
Authors: Hai Tat L. , Bakhsheshi-Rad H. R. , Hamzah E. , Cho M.H. , Mostafa A. , Farahany S.
Published: December 2019

In the present work, the influence of antimony (Sb) addition in Zn–Al–Mg alloy on the microstructure, phase characteristic, solidification behaviour and corrosion resistance of hot dipped Zn–0.5Al–0.5Mg– xSb ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt-%) coated steel wires were evaluated. Thermal analysis revealed that cooling rate of the liquid metal using the steel mould (5.3°C s–1) was higher than using ceramic mould (0.3°C s–1). Based on the phase analysis and verified by thermodynamic calculations, it was revealed that Zn11Mg2 and Zn2Mg phases appeared for Zn–Al–Mg alloy at slow and fast cooling rates while, the Mg3Sb2 phase was observed after addition of Sb at both cooling rates. Corrosion behaviour of the alloys determined through electrochemical measurements shows that Zn–Al–Mg alloy with 0.3 wt-%Sb has the lowest corrosion rate indicating an excellent corrosion resistance.
Successful management of a mixed hearing loss
Authors: Costa Joana Raquel , Coutinho Miguel Bebiano , Soares Teresa , Almeida e Sousa Cecília
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Patients with a mixed hearing loss present special challenge. The amplification demands of mixed hearing loss can drive digital hearing aids to their limits and introduce distortion. Bone-anchored devices effectively bypass the conductive component and focus on compensating for the sensorineural component.

Case report:

Four-year-old child with a moderate mixed hearing loss in the right ear and total hearing loss in the left ear, rehabilitated with conventional hearing aids in the right ear. At 17 years old, she developed chronic otitis media and decreased auditory gain. She was proposed to place a direct-drive bone-conduction device (BCD) initially with a BAHA® BP110, however, with insufficient results. Then she placed a BAHA® 5 Super Power, with an excellent adaptation and auditory gain optimization.

Conclusions:

Bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) are relatively expensive devices. Therefore, it is important to assess the quality of life in BAHA users and to identify the group of patients who are likely to derive maximum benefit. We summarize the otologic and audiological criteria applied in the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto for the placement of bone conductive devices in patients with mixed hearing loss. In patients with adequate sensorineural reserve measured by a bone curve of at least 45 dB and unaided speech discrimination score ≥60%, bone-anchored devices with adequate power should be considered. Given the increased output force of the new powerful BAHA and the efficacy of bone conduction, BAHA should be increasingly considered for any patient with a significant mixed hearing loss.
IPO11 mediates βcatenin nuclear import in a subset of colorectal cancers
Authors: Mis Monika , O’Brien Siobhan , Steinhart Zachary , Lin Sichun , Hart Traver , Moffat Jason , Angers Stephane
Published: December 2019

Activation of Wnt signaling entails βcatenin protein stabilization and translocation to the nucleus to regulate context-specific transcriptional programs. The majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) initiate following APC mutations, resulting in Wnt ligand—independent stabilization and nuclear accumulation of βcatenin. The mechanisms underlying βcatenin nucleocytoplasmic shuttling remain incompletely defined. Using a novel, positive selection, functional genomic strategy, DEADPOOL, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen and identified IPO11 as a required factor for βcatenin-mediated transcription in APC mutant CRC cells. IPO11 (Importin-11) is a nuclear import protein that shuttles cargo from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. IPO11−/− cells exhibit reduced nuclear βcatenin protein levels and decreased βcatenin target gene activation, suggesting IPO11 facilitates βcatenin nuclear import. IPO11 knockout decreased colony formation of CRC cell lines and decreased proliferation of patient-derived CRC organoids. Our findings uncover a novel nuclear import mechanism for βcatenin in cells with high Wnt activity.
Aurora A promotes chromosome congression by activating the condensin-dependent pool of KIF4A
Authors: Poser Elena , Caous Renaud , Gruneberg Ulrike , Barr Francis A.
Published: December 2019

Aurora kinases create phosphorylation gradients within the spindle during prometaphase and anaphase, thereby locally regulating factors that promote spindle organization, chromosome condensation and movement, and cytokinesis. We show that one such factor is the kinesin KIF4A, which is present along the chromosome axes throughout mitosis and the central spindle in anaphase. These two pools of KIF4A depend on condensin I and PRC1, respectively. Previous work has shown KIF4A is activated by Aurora B at the anaphase central spindle. However, whether or not chromosome-associated KIF4A bound to condensin I is regulated by Aurora kinases remain unclear. To determine the roles of the two different pools of KIF4A, we generated specific point mutants that are unable to interact with either condensin I or PRC1 or are deficient for Aurora kinase regulation. By analyzing these mutants, we show that Aurora A phosphorylates the condensin I–dependent pool of KIF4A and thus actively promotes chromosome congression from the spindle poles to the metaphase plate.
Quantifying non-classical correlations under thermal effects in a double cavity optomechanical system
Authors: Amazioug Mohamed , Jebli Larbi , Nassik Mostafa , Habiballah Nabil
Published: December 2019

We investigate the generation of quantum correlations between mechanical modes and optical modes in an optomechanical system, using the rotating wave approximation. The system is composed of two Fabry–Pérot cavities separated in space; each of the two cavities has a movable end-mirror. Our aim is the evaluation of entanglement between mechanical modes and optical modes, generated by correlations transfer from the squeezed light to the system, using Gaussian intrinsic entanglement as a witness of entanglement in continuous variables Gaussian states, and the quantification of the degree of mixedness of the Gaussian states using the purity. Then, we quantify nonclassical correlations between mechanical modes and optical modes even beyond entanglement by considering Gaussian geometric discord via the Hellinger distance. Indeed, entanglement, mixdness, and quantum discord are analyzed as a function of the parameters characterizing the system (thermal bath temperature, squeezing parameter, and optomechanical cooperativity). We find that, under thermal effect, when entanglement vanishes, purity and quantum discord remain nonzero. Remarkably, the Gaussian Hellinger discord is more robust than entanglement. The effects of the other parameters are discussed in detail.
Interference properties of two-component matter wave solitons
Authors: Qin Yan-Hong , Wu Yong , Zhao Li-Chen , Yang Zhan-Ying
Published: December 2019

Wave properties of solitons in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate are investigated in detail. We demonstrate that dark solitons in one of components admit interference and tunneling behavior, in sharp contrast to the scalar dark solitons and vector dark solitons. Analytic analyses of interference properties show that spatial interference patterns are determined by the relative velocity of solitons, while temporal interference patterns depend on the velocities and widths of two solitons, differing from the interference properties of scalar bright solitons. Especially, for an attractive interactions system, we show that interference effects between the two dark solitons can induce some short-time density humps (whose densities are higher than background density). Moreover, the maximum hump value is remarkably sensitive to the variation of the solitons’ parameters. For a repulsive interactions system, the temporal-spatial interference periods of dark–bright solitons have lower limits. Numerical simulation results suggest that interference patterns for the dark–bright solitons are more robust against noises than bright–dark solitons. These explicit interference properties can be used to measure the velocities and widths of solitons. It is expected that these interference behaviors can be observed experimentally and can be used to design matter wave soliton interferometer in vector systems.
Advanced characterization and calculation methods for rechargeable battery materials in multiple scales
Authors: Li Xin-Yan , Weng Su-Ting , Gu Lin
Published: December 2019

The structure–activity relationship of functional materials is an everlasting and desirable research question for material science researchers, where characterization and calculation tools are the keys to deciphering this intricate relationship. Here, we choose rechargeable battery materials as an example and introduce the most representative advanced characterization and calculation methods in four different scales: real space, energy, momentum space, and time. Current research methods to study battery material structure, energy level transition, dispersion relations of phonons and electrons, and time-resolved evolution are reviewed. From different views, various expression forms of structure and electronic structure are presented to understand the reaction processes and electrochemical mechanisms comprehensively in battery systems. According to the summary of the present battery research, the challenges and perspectives of advanced characterization and calculation techniques for the field of rechargeable batteries are further discussed.
Influence of cobalt addition and calcination temperature on the physical properties of BaFe12O19 hexaferrites nanoparticles
Authors: Rekaby M , Shehabi H , Awad R
Published: December 2019

Nano-scale particles of pure Barium hexaferrite ‘BaFe12O19’ and Cobalt added Barium hexaferrite ‘CoxBaFe12O19’, with x = 0.04, 0.06 and 0.1 wt%, were successfully synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized powder was subjected to different calcination temperatures (T = 850 °C, 900 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) clarified that nearly single phase of BaFe12O19 with tiny traces of Fe2O3 phase were obtained when the precursor was calcined at 1050 °C for 2 h. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume were almost unchanged with either Cobalt addition or calcination temperatures. From Debye–Scherrer equation, the crystallite size (D) was found to gradually increase with increasing calcination temperature to reach its maximum values for samples calcined at 1050 °C. The formation of Barium hexaferrite phase was also confirmed from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra through the existence of strong absorption peaks that appeared between 581 cm−1 and 435 cm−1. The morphology and grain size of the samples were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Optical properties of the samples were studied through ultraviolet ‘UV’ visible spectroscopy. The optical band gap (Eg) of the samples was obtained from Tauc relation as function of Cobalt addition (x) and calcination temperature (T). Finally, the mechanical properties were examined using Vickers microhardness. The microhardness data revealed that the samples exhibited reverse indentation size effect (RISE). The Elastic modulus (E) and yield strength (Y) for the prepared samples were calculated, in accordance with Vickers microhardness, as function of Cobalt addition. Furthermore, the indentation size effect ISE was analyzed using indentation induced cracked model (IIC). The IIC model was found to be a suitable model for describing the microhardness results of the prepared samples. Time dependent Vickers microhardness was done through indentation creep test at different dwell time (t = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 s) and constant applied loads (F = 0.98, 4.90 and 9.80 N). Results clarified that the specimens revealed grain boundary sliding together with dislocation climbs at small loads and a dislocation creep in the operating creep process for greater loads.
Development and characterization of photodiode from p-Cu2CdSnS4/n-Bi2S3 heterojunction
Authors: Suresh Kumar M , Madhusudanan Sreejith P , Mohanta Kallol , Batabyal Sudip K
Published: December 2019

Here we investigated the photo response behaviour of p-Cu2CdSnS4 (p-CCTS)/n-Bi2S3 heterojunction photodiode. The solution processed CCTS films without any high temperature sulfurization demonstrated the photo response behaviour, suggesting the material is well suited for low temperature processed photovoltaic applications. A CCTS film was deposited on an ITO coated glass substrate using simple sol-gel based spin coating method. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of the p-CCTS/n-Bi2S3 heterojunction photodiode showed a good rectifying behaviour indicating better junction formation between CCTS and Bi2S3 layers. The obtained photocurrent is 4 times higher than that of the dark current. The I–V curves are asymmetric with respect to voltages and the photocurrent in the positive bias region is considerably higher than the corresponding values in the negative bias region. With these results, it is concluded that the CdS material in traditional thin film PV devices can be replaced with Bi2S3 for better transportation of charge carriers in the PN-junction.
Computed tomography angiography findings predict the risk factors for preoperative acute ischaemic stroke in patients with acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Ma Wanling , Wen Didi , Duan Weixun , Zheng Minwen
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES

Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a highly dreaded complication of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Knowledge about independent predictors of preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD by computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings.

METHODS

Between October 2014 and March 2017, 281 (217 male; mean age, 50 years) patients with ATAAD underwent aortic CTA and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was used to confirm the results. The clinical data and CTA findings were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of preoperative AIS.

RESULTS

Preoperative AIS was detected in 103 (36.7%) of the patients with ATAAD. Univariable analysis of the clinical characteristics and CTA findings revealed that age, aortic valve insufficiency (moderate or severe), the ratio of the diameter of the true lumen of the ascending aorta to the diameter of the involved ascending aorta, intimal flap plaque, dissection of the common carotid artery (CCA), the lower density of the unilateral internal carotid artery, the CCA originating from the false lumen and dissection of the subclavian artery were implicated in patients with ATAAD with AIS. Multivariable analysis further showed that aortic valve insufficiency (moderate or severe) [odds ratio (OR) 2.033, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.052–3.931; P = 0.035], 2 CTA findings including the ratio of the diameters (OR 0.074, 95% CI 0.011–0.516; P = 0.009) and dissection of the CCA (OR 2.422, 95% CI 1.389–4.224; P = 0.002) were independent risk predictors for preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD. The lower density in the false lumen, the same enhancement in the true and false lumen with re-entry and the stenosis of the true lumen without re-entry significantly increased the risk of preoperative AIS in CCA dissection.

CONCLUSIONS

Aortic valve insufficiency (moderate or severe), the ratio of the diameters of the true and false lumens and CCA dissection are independent predictors of preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD. The specific carotid and aortic CTA findings may help to predict the risk factors for preoperative AIS in patients with ATAAD.

Clinical registration number

20120216-4.
Activity Limitations and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Couples: The Moderating Role of Spousal Care
Authors: Han Sae Hwang , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey A
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Limitations in performing basic daily activities, as well as spousal caregiving that arises from activity limitations, are important factors that have ramifications for mental health among couples. The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay of these factors by focusing on whether the associations between activity limitations and depressive symptoms among coupled-individuals were moderated by receipt and provision of spousal care.

Methods

Longitudinal household data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2014; dyad N = 6,614) were analyzed to estimate within-person associations between one’s own and spousal activity limitations, receipt and provision of spousal care, and depressive symptoms.

Results

Findings showed a consistent link between one’s own activity limitations and depressive symptoms for both spouses, whereas spousal activity limitations were associated with depressive symptoms for wives only. We also found moderating effects of spousal care in the link between one’s own and spousal activity limitations and depressive symptoms.

Discussion

Receipt and provision of activities of daily living-related assistance may contextualize the association between activity limitations and depressive symptoms among older coupled-individuals in a direction that could alleviate or aggravate the risk of depression.
Fertility Impact of Initial Operation Type for Female Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Faye Adam S , Oh Aaron , Kumble Lindsay D , Kiran Ravi P , Wen Timothy , Lawlor Garrett , Lichtiger Simon , Abreu Maria T , Hur Chin
Published: December 2019

Background

Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the mainstay of surgical treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) but is associated with an increased risk of infertility. We developed a simulation model examining the impact of initial surgical procedure on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and fertility end points.

Methods

A patient-level state transition model was used to analyze outcomes by surgical approach strategy for females of childbearing age. Initial surgical options included IPAA, rectal-sparing colectomy with end ileostomy (RCEI), and ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). The primary outcome examined was QALYs, whereas secondary outcomes included UC and fertility-associated end points.

Results

IPAA resulted in higher QALYs for patients aged 20–30 years, as compared with RCEI. For patients aged 35 years, RCEI resulted in higher QALYs (7.54 RCEI vs 7.53 IPAA) and was associated with a 28% higher rate of childbirth, a 14-month decrease in time to childbirth, and a 77% reduction in in vitro fertilization utilization. When accounting for the decreased infertility risk associated with laparoscopic IPAA, IPAA resulted in higher QALYs (7.57) even for patients aged 35 years.

Conclusions

Despite an increased risk of infertility, our model results suggest that IPAA may be the optimal surgical strategy for female UC patients aged 20–30 years who desire children. For patients aged 35 years, RCEI should additionally be considered, as QALYs for RCEI and IPAA were similar. These quantitative data can be used by patients and providers to help develop an individualized approach to surgical management choice.
Adult Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Community Structure Across Urban–Rural Landscapes in Michigan, United States
Authors: Babcock Nicholas J , Pechal Jennifer L , Benbow M Eric
Published: December 2019

Necrophagous insects play an important role in the decomposition of vertebrate carrion. The documented colonization, development, and succession of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and other arthropods on decomposing carcasses make their communities relevant for use in decomposition ecology and forensic investigations. This relevance relies on the local pool of species available to colonize a carcass, but such community level survey data are not always available. The objective of this research was to conduct a baseline survey of adult Calliphoridae communities from urban–rural land use types in the Great Lakes region. To test how adult blow fly distribution varies with changing landscape in Mid-Michigan, sampling with baited jars and hanging traps was implemented over the summer months of June, July, and August 2017. To determine how blow fly communities differed in urban to rural land cover, seven cities were selected with site locations ranging from high intensity developed areas to cultivated crop fields. Over 97,000 individual flies were captured represented by 11 Calliphoridae species. The adult Calliphoridae communities were primarily structured by land use type and month of collection, with these two factors interacting, suggesting that the effect of location varied by time of year. The two most abundant species, Phormia regina (Meigen) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen), cumulatively comprised 88.5% adult flies from Mid-Michigan. These findings provide a baseline database of Great Lakes Calliphoridae, with potential use in forensic research and casework.
Whistler instabilities from the interplay of electron anisotropies in space plasmas: a quasi-linear approach
Authors: Shaaban S M , Lazar M
Published: December 2019

Recent statistical studies of observational data unveil relevant correlations between whistler fluctuations and the anisotropic electron populations present in space plasmas, e.g. solar wind and planetary magnetospheres. Locally, whistlers can be excited by two sources of free energy associated with anisotropic electrons, i.e. temperature anisotropies and beaming populations carrying the heat flux. However, these two sources of free energy and the resulting instabilities are usually studied independently preventing a realistic interpretation of their interplay. This paper presents the results of a parametric quasi-linear study of the whistler instability cumulatively driven by two counter-drifting electron populations and their anisotropic temperatures. By comparison to individual regimes dominated either by beaming population or by temperature anisotropy, in a transitory regime the instability becomes highly conditioned by the effects of both these two sources of free energy. Cumulative effects stimulate the instability and enhance the resulting fluctuations, which interact with electrons and stimulate their diffusion in velocity space, leading to a faster and deeper relaxation of the beaming velocity associated with a core heating in perpendicular direction and a thermalization of the beaming electrons. In particular, the relaxation of temperature anisotropy to quasi-stable states below the thresholds conditions predicted by linear theory may explain the observations showing the accumulation of these states near the isotropy and equipartition of energy.
Formation of S0s in extreme environments I: clues from kinematics and stellar populations
Authors: Coccato Lodovico , Jaffé Yara L , Cortesi Arianna , Merrifield Michael , Johnston Evelyn , Rodríguez del Pino Bruno , Haeussler Boris , Chies-Santos Ana L , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia L , Sheen Yun-Kyeong , Menéndez-Delmestre Karín
Published: December 2019

Despite numerous efforts, it is still unclear whether lenticular galaxies (S0s) evolve from spirals whose star formation was suppressed, or formed trough mergers or disc instabilities. In this paper we present a pilot study of 21 S0 galaxies in extreme environments (field and cluster), and compare their spatially resolved kinematics and global stellar populations. Our aim is to identify whether there are different mechanisms that form S0s in different environments. Our results show that the kinematics of S0 galaxies in field and cluster are, indeed, different. Lenticulars in the cluster are more rotationally supported, suggesting that they are formed through processes that involve the rapid consumption or removal of gas (e.g. starvation, ram pressure stripping). In contrast, S0s in the field are more pressure supported, suggesting that minor mergers served mostly to shape their kinematic properties. These results are independent of total mass, luminosity, or disc-to-bulge ratio. On the other hand, the mass-weighted age, metallicity, and star formation time-scale of the galaxies correlate more with mass than with environment, in agreement with known relations from previous work, such as the one between mass and metallicity. Overall, our results re-enforce the idea that there are multiple mechanisms that produce S0s, and that both mass and environment play key roles. A larger sample is highly desirable to confirm or refute the results and the interpretation of this pilot study.
Are white dwarf magnetic fields in close binaries generated during common-envelope evolution?
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Schreiber Matthias R
Published: December 2019

Understanding the origin of the magnetic fields in white dwarfs (WDs) has been a puzzle for decades. A scenario that has gained considerable attention in the past years assumes that such magnetic fields are generated through a dynamo process during common-envelope evolution. We performed binary population models using an up-to-date version of the bse code to confront the predictions of this model with observational results. We found that this hypothesis can explain only the observed distribution of WD magnetic fields in polars and pre-polars and the low-temperature WDs in pre-polars if it is re-scaled to fit the observational data. Furthermore, in its present version, the model fails to explain the absence of young, close detached WD+M-dwarf binaries harbouring hot magnetic WDs and predicts that the overwhelming majority of WDs in close binaries should be strongly magnetic, which is also in serious conflict with the observations. We conclude that either the common-envelope dynamo scenario needs to be substantially revised or a different mechanism is responsible for the generation of strong WD magnetic fields in close binaries.
A single spark model for PSR J2144−3933
Authors: Mitra Dipanjan , Basu Rahul , Melikidze George I , Arjunwadkar Mihir
Published: December 2019

The partially screened vacuum gap model (PSG) for the inner acceleration region in normal radio pulsars, a variant of the pure vacuum gap model, attempts to account for the observed thermal X-ray emission from polar caps and the subpulse drifting time-scales. We have used this model to explain the presence of death lines and extreme location of PSR J2144−3933 in the $P{-}\dot{P}$ diagram. This model requires maintaining the polar cap near a critical temperature and the presence of non-dipolar surface magnetic field to form the inner acceleration region. In the PSG model, thermostatic regulation is achieved by sparking discharges, which are a feature of all vacuum gap models. We demonstrate that non-dipolar surface magnetic field reduces polar cap area in PSR J2144−3933 such that only one spark can be produced and is sufficient to sustain the critical temperature. This pulsar has a single-component profile over a wide frequency range. Single-pulse polarimetric observations and the rotating vector model confirm that the observer’s line of sight traverses the emission beam centrally. These observations are consistent with a single spark operating within framework of the PSG model leading to single-component emission. Additionally, single-pulse modulations of this pulsar, including lack of subpulse drifting, presence of single-period nulls and microstructure, are compatible with a single spark either in PSG or in general vacuum gap models.
XII Literature 1780–1830: The Romantic Period
Authors: Branagh-Miscampbell Maxine , Leonardi Barbara , Greig Elias , Falk Michael , Kiek Miranda
Published: December 2019

This chapter has four sections: 1. General and Prose; 2. The Novel; 3. Poetry; 4. Drama. Section 1 is by Maxine Branagh-Miscampbell; section 2 is by Barbara Leonardi; section 3 is by Michael Falk and Elias Greig; section 4 is by Miranda Kiek.
Compost Tea Reduces the Susceptibility of Pinus radiata to Fusarium circinatum in Nursery Production
Authors: Otero M. , Salcedo I. , Txarterina K. , González-Murua C. , Duñabeitia M. K.
Published: December 2019

Nutrition is one of the factors that most limits forestry plant growth; thus, current production in nurseries is based on conventional fertilization focused on enhancing vigor. However, an excessive intake of mineral nitrogen can cause morphological imbalances and the formation of more succulent tissues which, consequently, increase susceptibility to plant pathogens. Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker in plants of the Pinus genus, with Pinus radiata being the species most susceptible to this disease. This study compares the response of P. radiata seedlings to infection by F. circinatum as influenced by two fertilizers—conventional and aerated compost tea (ACT)—applied during the nursery phase. The potential of ACT against F. circinatum was first tested in vitro, where it was found to inhibit the pathogen’s mycelial growth and conidial germination. In the greenhouse, infected plants fertilized with ACT exhibited less severe internal and external symptoms of pitch canker and lower levels of pathogen colonization of both stems and needles than with conventional fertilizer. An analysis of the hormone content and defense-related gene expression shows greater salicylic acid production and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase and chalcone synthase expression in ACT-fertilized pine. All of the parameters assessed are consistent in showing that biofertilization with ACT reduces the susceptibility of pine seedlings to the disease compared with conventional fertilization.
Semipurified Rhamnolipid Mixes Protect Brassica napus Against Leptosphaeria maculans Early Infections
Authors: Monnier Noadya , Cordier Marion , Dahi Abdellatif , Santoni Valérie , Guénin Stéphanie , Clément Christophe , Sarazin Catherine , Penaud Annette , Dorey Stephan , Cordelier Sylvain , Rippa Sonia
Published: December 2019

The rapeseed crop (Brassica napus) has to cope with fungal diseases that significantly impacts yields. In particular, the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease (also named Phoma stem canker), is a worldwide issue to this crop. Considering environmental concerns, it is essential to propose alternative natural compounds for rapeseed crop protection to reduce chemical fungicide use. Here we report data showing the efficacy of semipurified rhamnolipid (RL) mixes from bacterial origin to protect rapeseed against L. maculans at early stages of infection in controlled conditions. In addition, we show that RL solutions have excellent adhesion properties when sprayed onto rapeseed leaves, without adding any adjuvant. We demonstrate that RL mixes display direct antimycelial properties against the pathogen and stimulate plant defense responses in rapeseed. Our results validate, a preventive action of low RL concentrations to protect rapeseed against L. maculans and a curative effect in specific conditions when applied after the inoculation of the pathogen spores. Semipurified RL mixes therefore appear to be real cost-effective compounds that could be used in fields as biocontrol products to fight L. maculans early infections of rapeseed.
Contact Reflectance Spectroscopy for Rapid, Accurate, and Nondestructive Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage Discrimination
Authors: Gold Kaitlin M. , Townsend Philip A. , Larson Eric R. , Herrmann Ittai , Gevens Amanda J.
Published: December 2019

Populations of Phytophthora infestans, the oomycete causal agent of potato late blight in the United States, are predominantly asexual, and isolates are characterized by clonal lineage or asexual descendants of a single genotype. Current tools for clonal lineage identification are time consuming and require laboratory equipment. We previously found that foliar spectroscopy can be used for high-accuracy pre- and postsymptomatic detection of P. infestans infections caused by clonal lineages US-08 and US-23. In this work, we found subtle but distinct differences in spectral responses of potato foliage infected by these clonal lineages in both growth-chamber time-course experiments (12- to 24-h intervals over 5 days) and naturally infected samples from commercial production fields. In both settings, we measured continuous visible to shortwave infrared reflectance (400 to 2,500 nm) on leaves using a portable spectrometer with contact probe. We consistently discriminated between infections caused by the two clonal lineages across all stages of disease progression using partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis, with total accuracies ranging from 88 to 98%. Three-class random forest differentiation between control, US-08, and US-23 yielded total discrimination accuracy ranging from 68 to 76%. Differences were greatest during presymptomatic infection stages and progressed toward uniformity as symptoms advanced. Using PLS-regression trait models, we found that total phenolics, sugar, and leaf mass per area were different between lineages. Shortwave infrared wavelengths (>1,100 nm) were important for clonal lineage differentiation. This work provides a foundation for future use of hyperspectral sensing as a nondestructive tool for pathovar differentiation.
Clinically and Radiographically Significant Unilateral Hyperlucent Hemithorax in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Medina Perez Mariangeles , Majmudar Anand , Gupta Saurabh
Published: December 2019

Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax is a frequent chest radiographic finding in the pediatric population. There is a wide spectrum of differential diagnoses, including congenital and acquired conditions involving the pulmonary parenchyma, airways, pulmonary vasculature, pleural space, and chest wall, and from technical factors such as patient rotation. Imaging plays a major role in establishing diagnoses and in appropriately guiding patient management, especially because some causes of unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax may be life threatening. The objective of this article is to review pediatric conditions that cause a unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax, with emphasis on their imaging findings.
Putting 2019 Behind Us
Authors: Kennedy Maureen Shawn
Published: December 2019

Looking forward to a new year.
The Top Health Care Stories of 2019: Women's Reproductive Health
Authors: Collins Amy M.
Published: December 2019

U.S. maternal mortality rate continues to rise; women's abortion rights are challenged.
The Global Year of the Nurse and Midwife
Authors: McSpedon Corinne
Published: December 2019

A closer look at the impetus for this designation and implications for U.S. nurses and midwives.
CE: Original Research: The Recruitment Experience of Foreign-Educated Health Professionals to the United States
Authors: Shaffer Franklin A. , Bakhshi Mukul A. , Farrell Niamh , Álvarez Thomas D.
Published: December 2019

Background:

In 2007 AcademyHealth published a landmark report on the U.S.-based international nurse recruitment industry. This article provides an update to that report, describing the current state of recruitment of foreign-educated health professionals (FEHPs), in particular foreign-educated nurses (FENs), to the United States. Areas covered include the regulatory landscape, economic issues, recruitment industry changes, and current demographic and migration trends.

Purpose:

To learn more, CGFNS International, Inc., formerly known as the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools, and its Alliance for Ethical International Recruitment Practices division conducted a study designed to elicit qualitative and quantitative data that would further illuminate the recruitment experience.

Methods:

Researchers conducted a survey of FEHPs, recruited from those who used VisaScreen services between 2015 and 2017, designed to assess their recruitment experiences. They also conducted interviews with a smaller sample of FENs and recruiters to elicit greater detail.

Results:

While there was evidence of progress relative to the ethical recruitment of FEHPs, issues such as high breach fees, inadequate orientation, and misalignment of expectations regarding work environment and location were also revealed.

Conclusion:

Given that FEHP migration to the United States is likely to continue its upward trajectory, better strategies to implement market-wide practices that ensure the safe, orderly, and ethical recruitment of FEHPs are needed.
Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults
Authors: Davis Nicole J. , Wyman Jean F. , Gubitosa Suzanne , Pretty LaTonya
Published: December 2019

This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aim to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home.

The articles in this new installment of the series provide simple and useful instructions that nurses should reinforce with family caregivers. This article is the first of two that provide an update on urinary incontinence and its management in older adults. The second article will contain an informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—that contains links to the instructional videos. To use this series, nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers, and then encourage caregivers to watch the videos and ask questions. In this article, the videos can be found in Resources for Nurses.
Surgical Technique of the VANTAGE Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Valderrabano Victor , Nunley James A. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Alsayel Faisal , Herrera Mario , Wiewiorski Martin
Published: December 2019

The VANTAGE total ankle arthroplasty is a novel anatomic mobile or fixed-bearing total ankle arthroplasty with a good and simple instrumentation giving to surgeons a safe implantation ventral approach technique. Our first cases report a successful functional outcome for patients, with or without additional surgeries, and without very early complications.
Status of glycosylated hemoglobin and prediction of glycemic control among patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in North China: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Wang Jiao , Wang Meng-Yang , Wang Hui , Liu Hong-Wei , Lu Rui , Duan Tong-Qing , Li Chang-Ping , Cui Zhuang , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Lyu Yuan-Jun , Ma Jun
Published: December 2019

Background:

Blood glucose control is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prognosis. This multicenter study aimed to investigate blood glucose control among patients with insulin-treated T2DM in North China and explore the application value of combining an elastic network (EN) with a machine-learning algorithm to predict glycemic control.

Methods:

Basic information, biochemical indices, and diabetes-related data were collected via questionnaire from 2787 consecutive participants recruited from 27 centers in six cities between January 2016 and December 2017. An EN regression was used to address variable collinearity. Then, three common machine learning algorithms (random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], and back propagation artificial neural network [BP-ANN]) were used to simulate and predict blood glucose status. Additionally, a stepwise logistic regression was performed to compare the machine learning models.

Results:

The well-controlled blood glucose rate was 45.82% in North China. The multivariable analysis found that hypertension history, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease history, exercise, and total cholesterol were protective factors in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control, while central adiposity, family history, T2DM duration, complications, insulin dose, blood pressure, and hypertension were risk factors for elevated HbA1c. Before the dimensional reduction in the EN, the areas under the curve of RF, SVM, and BP were 0.73, 0.61, and 0.70, respectively, while these figures increased to 0.75, 0.72, and 0.72, respectively, after dimensional reduction. Moreover, the EN and machine learning models had higher sensitivity and accuracy than the logistic regression models (the sensitivity and accuracy of logistic were 0.52 and 0.56; RF: 0.79, 0.70; SVM: 0.84, 0.73; BP-ANN: 0.78, 0.73, respectively).

Conclusions:

More than half of T2DM patients in North China had poor glycemic control and were at a higher risk of developing diabetic complications. The EN and machine learning algorithms are alternative choices, in addition to the traditional logistic model, for building predictive models of blood glucose control in patients with T2DM.
Short-term therapeutic outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Chen Huan , Qu Min , Lian Bi-Jun , Wang Hai-Feng , Wang Yan , Dong Zhen-Yang , Zhu Feng , Shi Zhen-Kai , Jia Ze-Peng , Sun Ying-Hao , Gao Xu
Published: December 2019

Background

The role of local treatment in oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is gaining interest with the oligometastases hypothesis proposed and the improvement of various surgical methods and techniques. This study aimed to compare the short-term therapeutic outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) for oligometastatic prostate cancer (OPC) vs. localized PCa using propensity score matching.

Methods

Totally 508 consecutive patients underwent RALP as a first-line treatment. The patients were divided into two groups according to oligometastatic state: the OPC group (n = 41) or the localized PCa group (n = 467). Oligometastatic disease was defined as the presence of two or fewer suspicious lesions. The association between the oligometastatic state and therapeutic outcomes of RALP was evaluated, including biochemical recurrence (BCR) and overall survival (OS). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the possible risk factors for BCR.

Results

Totally 41 pairs of patients were matched. The median operative time, the median blood loss, the overall positive surgical margin rate, the median post-operative hospital stays, and the post-operative urinary continence recovery rate between the two groups showed no statistical significance. The 4-year BCR survival rates of the OPC group and localized PCa group were 56.7% and 60.8%, respectively, without a significant difference (P = 0.804). The 5-year OS rates were 96.3% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.326). Additionally, the results of Cox regression showed that oligometastatic state was not an independent risk factor for BCR (P = 0.682).

Conclusions

Our findings supported the safety and effectiveness of RALP in OPC. Additionally, oligometastatic state and sites did not have an adverse effect on BCR independently.
Pityriasis Lichenoides: A Large Histopathological Case Series With a Focus on Adnexotropism
Authors: Menzinger Sébastien , Frassati-Biaggi Annonciade , Leclerc-Mercier Stéphanie , Bodemer Christine , Molina Thierry Jo , Fraitag Sylvie
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is an infrequent skin disorder. The clinical manifestations are usually specific enough for a reliable diagnosis, although the histopathological assessment of a biopsy is sometimes needed to differentiate between PL and a range of other diseases. The objectives of this study were to review cases of PL managed in our hospital, confirm the classical histopathological features of PL, and identify signs that may be of value in the diagnosis of PL.

Materials and Methods:

All cases of PL assessed in our pathology department between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrieved, and all slides were reviewed. Cases were selected only if a diagnosis of PL was initially suggested by a dermatologist and then confirmed by the histopathological assessment.

Results:

Seventy-one cases met the study criteria. The following features were almost always present: vacuolar changes or necrotic keratinocytes (100%), both superficial and deep lymphocytic infiltrates (99%), and the infiltration of lymphocytes into the adnexal epithelium (97%). The inflammatory cells were always small- to medium-sized lymphocytes. There were no eosinophilic infiltrates. Superficial perivascular and/or intraepidermal red blood cells were observed in 83% of cases.

Discussion:

We highlighted the presence of a deep dermal lymphocytic infiltrate, with a “T-shaped” periadnexal arrangement along the full length of the follicular and sudoral epithelia. This might be a feature that enables the differentiation of PL from other diseases. Our findings also prompted a number of physiopathological hypotheses for PL.

Conclusions:

Our present results confirmed the classical histological aspects of PL and provided some useful new diagnostic features.
Cranial Ultrasound and Minor Motor Abnormalities at 2 Years in Extremely Low Gestational Age Infants
Authors: DeMauro Sara B. , Bann Carla , Flibotte John , Adams-Chapman Ira , Hintz Susan R.
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to determine whether abnormalities on neonatal cranial ultrasound (CUS) are associated with minor motor abnormalities at 2 years' corrected age (CA) and to assess functional outcomes and resource utilization among children with minor motor abnormalities.

Methods:

Infants born at <27 weeks in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, who underwent neuroimaging with CUS at both <28 days and ≥28 days and were evaluated at 18 to 26 months' CA, were included. Follow-up included Bayley-3, neuromotor examination, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, and parent questionnaires about special services and resource needs. Children were classified by the most severe motor abnormality at 18 to 26 months' CA as follows: none, minor, or major motor function abnormality. Minor motor abnormalities were defined as any of the following: (1) Bayley-3 motor composite, fine motor score, or gross motor score 1 to 2 SDs below the test normative means; (2) mild abnormalities of axial or extremity motor skills on standardized neuromotor examination; or (3) GMFCS level 1.

Results:

A total of 809 (35%) of 2306 children had minor motor function abnormalities alone. This did not increase substantially with CUS findings (no intraventricular hemorrhage [IVH]: 37%, grade I IVH: 32%, grade II IVH: 38%, grade III/IV IVH: 30%, isolated ventriculomegaly: 33%, and cystic periventricular leukomalacia: 24%). The adjusted odds of minor axial and upper extremity function abnormalities and GMFCS level 1 were significantly higher in children with more severe CUS findings. Children with minor motor abnormalities had increased resource utilization and evidence of functional impairment compared with those without motor function abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Minor motor abnormalities at 2 years' CA are common and cannot be predicted by neonatal CUS abnormalities alone. Minor motor abnormalities are associated with higher resource utilization and evidence of functional impairment. These findings have important implications for early counseling and follow-up planning for extremely preterm infants.