bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergent synthesis of functionalized pyrrolidines and γ-amino ketonesviarhodium-catalyzed switchable reactions of vinyl aziridines and silyl enol ethers
Authors: Zhu Chao-Ze , Feng Jian-Jun , Zhang Junliang
Published: February 2018

Rhodium-catalyzed enantiospecific intermolecular [3+2] cycloadditions and ring-opening reactions of vinylaziridines with silyl enol ethers have been developed to synthesize functionalized pyrrolidines and γ-amino ketones, respectively.
Towards energy efficient separations with metal organic frameworks
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Munir , Suzuki Kiyonori , Hill Matthew R.
Published: February 2018

The huge energy requirement for industrial separations of chemical mixtures has necessitated the need for the development of energy efficient and alternative separation techniques in order to mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustions for energy generation.
New porous monolithic membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phases for oil/water separation and homogenous catalyst immobilisation
Authors: Porcar Raúl , Nuevo Daniel , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Lozano Pedro , Sanchez-Marcano José , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V.
Published: February 2018

Membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phase (SIILP) systems with tunable properties allowed oil/water separation and reaction/separation integration in biphasic systems.
Sub-μL measurements of the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of liquids
Authors: López-Bueno C. , Bugallo D. , Leborán V. , Rivadulla F.
Published: February 2018

The heat capacity of complex liquids remains constant at ∼3R/2 per atom, as in monoatomic liquids. These measurements were obtained from 0.6 μL samples, using an experimental method capable of measuring Cp and thermal conductivity in ultralow volumes.
Chirality in metal-based anticancer agents
Authors: Wang Yi , Huang Huaiyi , Zhang Qianling , Zhang Pingyu
Published: February 2018

Chiral metal-based drugs are currently an interesting and rapidly growing field in anticancer research. Here the different chiral metal-based anticancer agents and the extent to which the chiral resolution affects their biological properties are discussed. This review will aid the design of new potent and efficient chiral metal-based anticancer drugs that exploit the unique properties combined with their potential selectivity toward targeted chiral biomolecules.
Fluoroalkylation reactions in aqueous media: a review
Authors: Song Hai-Xia , Han Qiu-Yan , Zhao Cheng-Long , Zhang Cheng-Pan
Published: February 2018

Recent advances in aqueous fluoroalkylation using various fluoroalkylation reagents are summarized in this review.
Thermal conversion of primary alcohols to disulfidesviaxanthate intermediates: an extension to the Chugaev elimination
Authors: He Wei , Ding Yong , Tu Jianzhuo , Que Chuqiang , Yang Zhanhui , Xu Jiaxi
Published: February 2018

Heating primaryO-alkylS-difluoro(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl xanthates yields disulfides. This extends to the Chugaev elimination.
Asymmetric synthesis of trans-4,5-disubstituted γ-butyrolactones involving a key allylboration step. First access to (−)-nicotlactone B and (−)-galbacin
Authors: Henrion S. , Macé A. , Vallejos M. M. , Roisnel T. , Carboni B. , Villalgordo J. M. , Carreaux F.
Published: February 2018

A new approach based on one-pot sequential transformations with application for the first total synthesis of (−)-nicotlactone B and (−)-galbacin.
One dimensional hierarchical nanostructures composed of CdS nanosheets/nanoparticles and Ag nanowires with promoted photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xiong Jinyan , Du Xulei , Cheng Gang , Yang Huagui , Chen Jun , Dou Shixue , Li Zhen
Published: February 2018

One dimensional Ag@CdS core–shell hierarchical nanostructures with excellent photocatalytic performance have been fabricated via a simple wet-chemistry approach at low temperature.
A superhydrophobic aerogel with robust self-healability
Authors: Qin Liming , Chen Ning , Zhou Xin , Pan Qinmin
Published: February 2018

A novel self-healable superhydrophobic aerogel can recover its wettability, microstructure and macroscopic configuration simultaneously after physical or chemical damage.
Photoredox catalysis over graphene aerogel-supported composites
Authors: Lu Kang-Qiang , Xin Xin , Zhang Nan , Tang Zi-Rong , Xu Yi-Jun
Published: February 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogels, by virtue of their unique physicochemical properties, which result from the intrinsic properties of graphene and 3D porous structure characteristics, have attracted ever-increasing research interest in the field of photocatalysis for the sake of efficient utilization of solar energy.
Functional role of highly conserved residues of the N-terminal tail and first transmembrane segment of a P4-ATPase
Authors: Perandrés-López Rubén , Sánchez-Cañete María P. , Gamarro Francisco , Castanys Santiago
Published: February 2018

The P4 family of P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) plays an important role in maintaining phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Leishmania miltefosine transporter (LMT) is a plasma membrane (PM) P4-ATPase that catalyses translocation into the parasite of the leishmanicidal drug miltefosine as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine analogues. In the present study, we analysed the role, in LMT, of a series of highly conserved amino acids previously undescribed in the N-terminal region of P4-ATPases. Seven residues were identified and, according to an LMT structural model, five were located in the cytosolic N-terminal tail (Asn58, Ile60, Lys64, Tyr65 and Phe70) and the other two (Pro72 and Phe79) in the first transmembrane segment (TM1). Alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis showed that N58A, Y65A and F79A mutations caused a considerable reduction in the LMT translocase activity. These mutations did not affect protein expression levels. We generated additional mutations in these three residues to assess the influence of the conservation degree on LMT translocase activity. Some of these mutations reduced expression levels without affecting the interaction between LMT and its CDC50 subunit, LRos3. Conserved and non-conserved mutations in the invariant residue Asn58 drastically reduced the translocase activity. Consequently, Asn58 may be necessary to achieve optimal catalytic LMT activity as previously described for the potentially equivalent Asn39 of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1a (SERCA1a). Additionally, conservation of a hydrophobic residue at position 79 is crucial for LMT stability.
Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 requires resolving cysteine residues for full activity and can act as a stereospecific methionine oxidase
Authors: Cao Zhenbo , Mitchell Lorna , Hsia Oliver , Scarpa Miriam , Caldwell Stuart T. , Alfred Arina D. , Gennaris Alexandra , Collet Jean-François , Hartley Richard C. , Bulleid Neil J.
Published: February 2018

The oxidation of methionine residues in proteins occurs during oxidative stress and can lead to an alteration in protein function. The enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) reverses this modification. Here, we characterise the mammalian enzyme Msr B3. There are two splice variants of this enzyme that differ only in their N-terminal signal sequence, which directs the protein to either the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or mitochondria. We demonstrate here that the enzyme can complement a bacterial strain, which is dependent on methionine sulfoxide reduction for growth, that the purified recombinant protein is enzymatically active showing stereospecificity towards R-methionine sulfoxide, and identify the active site and two resolving cysteine residues. The enzyme is efficiently recycled by thioredoxin only in the presence of both resolving cysteine residues. These results show that for this isoform of Msrs, the reduction cycle most likely proceeds through a three-step process. This involves an initial sulfenylation of the active site thiol followed by the formation of an intrachain disulfide with a resolving thiol group and completed by the reduction of this disulfide by a thioredoxin-like protein to regenerate the active site thiol. Interestingly, the enzyme can also act as an oxidase catalysing the stereospecific formation of R-methionine sulfoxide. This result has important implications for the role of this enzyme in the reversible modification of ER and mitochondrial proteins.
Leptin-induced inflammation by activating IL-6 expression contributes to the fibrosis and hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum in lumbar spinal canal stenosis
Authors: Sun Chao , Wang Zhen , Tian Ji-Wei , Wang Yun-Hao
Published: February 2018

The ongoing chronic inflammation and subsequent fibrosis play an important role in ligamentum flavum (LF) fibrosis and hypertrophy in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Leptin is a chronic inflammatory mediator and involved in the fibrotic process in multiple organ systems. The present study aimed to investigate the role of leptin in LF fibrosis and its related regulatory mechanisms. The LF specimens were obtained during the surgery from 12 patients with LSCS (LSCS group) and 12 control patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) group. The morphologic changes and fibrosis score of LF were assessed by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining respectively. The location and expression of leptin in LF tissues were determined. Then, the LF cells were cultured and exposed to recombinant human leptin (rhleptin). Collagen I and III were used as fibrosis markers and IL-6 was used as the inflammatory factor. As a result, the LF thickness and fibrosis score in the LSCS group were significantly higher than those in the LDH group (P<0.05). Leptin was detected in the hypertrophied LF and its expression was substantially increased in the LSCS group and positively correlated with LF thickness and fibrosis score (P<0.05). Moreover, our in vitro experiments revealed that rhleptin treated LF cells elevated the expression of collagen I and III. Finally, leptin administration induced IL-6 expression via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in LF cell (P<0.05). Our study demonstrated novel molecular events for leptin-induced inflammation in LF tissue by promoting IL-6 expression and thus might have potential implications for clarifying the mechanism underlying LF fibrosis and hypertrophy.
Protein phosphatases at the nuclear envelope
Authors: Sales Gil Raquel , de Castro Ines J. , Berihun Jerusalem , Vagnarelli Paola
Published: February 2018

The nuclear envelope (NE) is a unique topological structure formed by lipid membranes (Inner and Outer Membrane: IM and OM) interrupted by open channels (Nuclear Pore complexes). Besides its well-established structural role in providing a physical separation between the genome and the cytoplasm and regulating the exchanges between the two cellular compartments, it has become quite evident in recent years that the NE also represents a hub for localized signal transduction. Mechanical, stress, or mitogen signals reach the nucleus and trigger the activation of several pathways, many effectors of which are processed at the NE. Therefore, the concept of the NE acting just as a barrier needs to be expanded to embrace all the dynamic processes that are indeed associated with it. In this context, dynamic protein association and turnover coupled to reversible post-translational modifications of NE components can provide important clues on how this integrated cellular machinery functions as a whole. Reversible protein phosphorylation is the most used mechanism to control protein dynamics and association in cells. Keys to the reversibility of the system are protein phosphatases and the regulation of their activity in space and time. As the NE is clearly becoming an interesting compartment for the control and transduction of several signalling pathways, in this review we will focus on the role of Protein Phosphatases at the NE since the significance of this class of proteins in this context has been little explored.
Cluster‐based resource allocation scheme with QoS guarantee in ultra‐dense networks
Authors: Li Wenchao , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2018

Ultra‐dense networks (UDN) can provide extremely high throughput and data rate. However, there are severe interference due to dense and random deployment of femto base stations (FBSs). To mitigate interference and allocate network resource efficiently while ensuring quality of service (QoS) of user equipments (UEs), a cluster‐based resource allocation scheme for UDN is proposed in this paper. Two stages, clustering and resource allocation, are involved in the scheme. In clustering stage, a modified K‐means clustering algorithm is advanced to divide FBSs into different disjoint clusters dynamically according to the density of FBSs. Thus the number of clusters can be adjusted flexibly to fit for the dynamic network topology. In resource allocation stage, a greedy‐based compensatory resource allocation algorithm (GCRAA) is further proposed to maximize the throughput of UDN. Herein the orthogonal resource blocks (RBs) are initially assigned among the UEs with a greedy algorithm. In order to ensure the fairness and QoS of UEs, a compensatory resource allocation algorithm is further proposed to allocate the remaining RBs. The simulated results show that the proposed resource allocation scheme can mitigate the interference in UDN effectively, and improve the system throughput while ensuring the QoS for UEs.
Adaptive robust control of fractional‐order swarm systems in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances
Authors: Soorki Mojtaba Naderi , Tavazoei Mohammad Saleh
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the asymptotic swarm stabilisation of fractional‐order swarm systems in the presence of two different kinds of model uncertainties and external disturbances while the upper bound of the uncertainties is a linear function of pseudo‐states norms with unknown coefficients. To this end, first a fractional‐integral sliding manifold is constructed and then an adaptive‐robust sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the asymptotic swarm stability in a fractional‐order linear time‐invariant swarm system. The stability analysis of the proposed control system is done based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Using the proposed controller, the coefficients of the upper bound function of the uncertainties are estimated by adaptive laws. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Robust Kalman filter‐based least squares identification of a multivariable system
Authors: Doraiswami Rajamani , Cheded Lahouari
Published: February 2018

A novel direct identification using the residual model of Kalman filter (KF) is proposed for multiple‐input and multiple‐output Box–Jenkins model of the system formed of the signal and disturbance models using the residual model relating the input and output of the system without any a priori knowledge of the statistics of the disturbance and measurement noise corrupting the output. To avoid a non‐linear optimisation, the auto‐regressive and moving average (MA) residual model is approximated by a high‐order MA model, so that the unknown parameters of the KF enter the residual model linearly. A key property of the KF is established, namely that the transfer matrix of the signal model is the matrix fraction description (MFD) model relating the residual and the system input and output. A two‐stage identification method is developed here. In stage 1, a high‐order KF of the system is identified using the robust, and computationally efficient least‐squares method to capture completely both the signal and disturbance models. In stage 2, the KF for the signal is derived using the balanced model reduction technique. The signal model is derived using the key MFD property. The performance of the proposed scheme is successfully evaluated on both simulated and physical systems.
Finite‐frequency fault detection based on derandomisation for Markov jump linear system
Authors: Zhou Ziheng , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: February 2018

The fault detection filter design for Markov jump linear system (MJLS) in finite‐frequency domain based on derandomisation is proposed in this study. By means of generalised Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (GKYP) lemma, the finite‐frequency fault detection problem for deterministic systems can be easily solved. However, MJLS is a multi‐mode system jumping among different modes stochastically. Consequently, its performance in finite‐frequency domain cannot be directly achieved by GKYP lemma. Therefore, the derandomisation technique is introduced to transform stochastic multi‐mode systems to deterministic single‐mode systems. Then based on the transformed deterministic system, a fault detection filter for MJLS with both fault and noise in specific frequency ranges is designed. To demonstrate the superiority of the authors' theoretical results, a numerical example and a real application with engineering background are presented.
Non‐weighted filtering for positive switched delay systems
Authors: Zheng Yan , Sam Ge Shuzhi , Wang Yaonan
Published: February 2018

The study is concerned with the filtering problem of discrete time positive switched delay systems under an improved delay‐dependent persistent dwell time (PDT) switching, which includes delay‐independent PDT switching as a special case. Under delay‐dependent PDT switching, a pair of state bounding positive filters is designed such that the output of positive switched delay systems can be estimated at all times, and the effect of delay on PDT switching and the performance is also discussed. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed results.
Greedy pursuit – an efficient approach from compressed sensing to robust state estimation
Authors: Liu Lufeng , Fu Lijun , Ji Feng , Xiao Xiongbo , Wu Bo
Published: February 2018

Robust and efficient state estimation (SE) is essential for power system operation and energy management. However, in modern large‐scale power systems, the main existing SE algorithms lack either estimation reliability or computation efficiency with the increasing number of multiple gross errors. This study addresses such deficiencies and proposes a variant of the greedy pursuit algorithm. Deriving from compressed sensing, the proposed algorithm operates on the measurement set and exploits the sparsity of bad measurements. By updating the composed normalised measurement errors, it detects the overall reliability, eliminates the bad measurements, and restores the wrongly rejected measurements per iteration. Numerical tests on various benchmark power systems illustrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm, compared to several representative SE algorithms.
Alleviation of post‐contingency overloads by SOCP based corrective control considering TCSC and MTDC
Authors: Bi Ruyu , Lin Tao , Chen Rusi , Ye Jing , Zhou Xueming , Xu Xialing
Published: February 2018

With the increasing installation of the high‐voltage direct current device and flexible AC transmission system, the power transfer capability increases significantly. However, the risk of line overloads or even cascading failures caused by DC blocking or line outage also augments, which requires accurate and effective post‐contingency corrective control (CC) actions. Traditional sensitivity‐based methods are fast, but are less accurate and may suffer from the seesaw problem. Artificial intelligence optimisation‐based methods usually exhibit better CC performance but are time‐consuming. For fastly performing accurate CC actions, a second‐order cone programming (SOCP)‐based CC optimisation model for line overloads alleviation in meshed AC/DC power systems is proposed. Initially, to reduce the number of CC actions and optimisation variables (OVs), a heuristic search method is proposed to automatically select the most effective generators/loads for the overloaded lines. Subsequently, thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) compensation levels and multi‐terminal direct current (MTDC) power are treated as additional OVs to minimise load shedding/generation rescheduling. Additionally, to boost computational efficiency, SOCP format power flow equations for systems with MTDCs and TCSCs are proposed. Eventually, the effectiveness, accuracy, and superiority in computational efficiency of the proposed method are verified based on the modified IEEE 30‐bus test system.
Antenna design for a smartphone with a full metal casing and a narrow frame
Authors: Yan Kuixi , Yang Peng , Yang Feng , Huang Shao Ying
Published: February 2018

A mobile‐phone antenna with a wideband feed structure (WBFS) and an auxiliary structure for a full metal casing and a very narrow frame are proposed. The most highlight of this proposed antenna is that it provides a method to overcome the difficulties of designing a high‐performance antenna in a full metal casing with a very narrow frame. The WBFS is designed to have a broadband performance. The total size of the antenna is 6 × 48 mm2, and a 6 mm long ground clearance is set on the bottom edge of the system circuit board. The experimental results reveal that a good impendence matching is obtained across the frequency bands of 824–960 and 1710–2690 MHz, and the total efficiency is more than 40%. The antenna maintains a good performance when user's hand(s) is (are) holding it; meanwhile, keeps the specific absorption rate (SAR) under the IEEE Std. C95.1 compliant SAR. In addition, the performance of the proposed antenna in a multi‐antenna system is examined. The result shows that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for a multiple‐input–multiple‐output system.
Double‐boost switched‐resonator converter
Authors: Jabbari Masoud , Dadkhah Tehrani Uosef
Published: February 2018

A new high‐efficiency resonant boost converter is presented. The topology is a hybrid circuit between switched‐resonator and switched‐capacitor converters. The proposed converter can efficiently provide voltage conversion ratio between 1 and 2. The voltage gain is adjustable, and full‐range zero‐current switching operation is provided for switches independent from operating voltages and load power. The structure is formed by an inverter arm without employing any additional switch in the circuit. Passive elements are all high‐frequency resonant type and then small size realisation is possible. The converter stability is guaranteed. Complete theoretical analysis along with simulation and practical results are presented. Finally, the converter is compared with its most recent counterparts.
Over‐current protection method for PMSM VSI with small DC‐link capacitor
Authors: Xu Yongxiang , Huang Yingliang , Zheng Boyuan , Zhang Wentao , Li Yong , Zou Jibin
Published: February 2018

In this study, an over‐current protection method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) voltage source inverter (VSI) employing small DC‐link capacitor is proposed. Since VSI with small DC‐link capacitor has become popular for its long lifetime and compactness. However, the small DC‐link capacitor brings the risk of excessive voltage in the DC‐link capacitor when the traditional ‘all‐turn‐off’ over‐current protection is utilised. In order to avoid the damage for VSI caused by excessive pumping‐up voltage, based on the analysis for the ‘all‐turn‐off’ method, the proposed method could eliminate reversal current flowing into the DC‐link capacitor through switching logic. Consequently, the electro‐magnetic energy stored in PMSM windings is converted into mechanical energy and pumping‐up voltage is cancelled. Detailed analysis of the proposed method is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiments.
Knotty protostellar jets as a signature of episodic protostellar accretion?
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Elbakyan Vardan G. , Plunkett Adele L. , Dunham Michael M. , Audard Marc , Guedel Manuel , Dionatos Odysseas
Published: February 2018

Aims. We aim to study the causal link between the knotty jet structure in CARMA 7, a young Class 0 protostar in the Serpens South cluster, and episodic accretion in young protostellar disks.

Methods. We used numerical hydrodynamics simulations to derive the protostellar accretion history in gravitationally unstable disks around solar-mass protostars. We compared the time spacing between luminosity bursts Δτmod, caused by dense clumps spiralling on the protostar, with the differences of dynamical timescales between the knots Δτobs in CARMA 7.

Results. We found that the time spacing between the bursts have a bi-modal distribution caused by isolated and clustered luminosity bursts. The former are characterized by long quiescent periods between the bursts with Δτmod = a few × (103–104) yr, whereas the latter occur in small groups with time spacing between the bursts Δτmod = a few × (10–102) yr. For the clustered bursts, the distribution of Δτmod in our models can be fit reasonably well to the distribution of Δτobs in the protostellar jet of CARMA 7, if a certain correction for the (yet unknown) inclination angle with respect to the line of sight is applied. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test on the model and observational data sets suggests the best-fit values for the inclination angles of 55–80°, which become narrower (75–80°) if only strong luminosity bursts are considered. The dynamical timescales of the knots in the jet of CARMA 7 are too short for a meaningful comparison with the long time spacings between isolated bursts in our models. Moreover, the exact sequences of time spacings between the luminosity bursts in our models and knots in the jet of CARMA 7 were found difficult to match.

Conclusions. Given the short time that has passed since the presumed luminosity bursts (tens to hundreds years), a possible overabundance of the gas-phase CO in the envelope of CARMA 7 compared to what could be expected from the current luminosity may be used to confirm the burst nature of this object. More sophisticated numerical models and observational data on jets with longer dynamical timescales are needed to further explore the possible causal link between luminosity bursts and knotty jets.
Magnetic fields at the onset of high-mass star formation
Authors: Beuther H. , Soler J. D. , Vlemmings W. , Linz H. , Henning Th. , Kuiper R. , Rao R. , Smith R. , Sakai T. , Johnston K. , Walsh A. , Feng S.
Published: February 2018

Context. The importance of magnetic fields at the onset of star formation related to the early fragmentation and collapse processes is largely unexplored today.

Aims. We want to understand the magnetic field properties at the earliest evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation.

Methods. The Atacama Large Millimeter Array is used at 1.3 mm wavelength in full polarization mode to study the polarized emission, and, using this, the magnetic field morphologies and strengths of the high-mass starless region IRDC 18310-4.

Results. Polarized emission is clearly detected in four sub-cores of the region; in general it shows a smooth distribution, also along elongated cores. Estimating the magnetic field strength via the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method and following a structure function analysis, we find comparably large magnetic field strengths between ~0.3–5.3 mG. Comparing the data to spectral line observations, the turbulent-to-magnetic energy ratio is low, indicating that turbulence does not significantly contribute to the stability of the gas clump. A mass-to-flux ratio around the critical value 1.0 – depending on column density – indicates that the region starts to collapse, which is consistent with the previous spectral line analysis of the region.

Conclusions. While this high-mass region is collapsing and thus at the verge of star formation, the high magnetic field values and the smooth spatial structure indicate that the magnetic field is important for the fragmentation and collapse process. This single case study can only be the starting point for larger sample studies of magnetic fields at the onset of star formation.
Pregnancy Outcomes after Endometrial Ablation in a Multi-institutional Cohort
Authors: Hackney David , El-Nashar Sherif , Sheyn David , Bauer Alison
Published: February 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of morbidly adherent placenta in pregnancies after endometrial ablation.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using a large, multiinstitutional deidentified clinical database, IBM EPM: Explore (IBM Corporation, Somers, NY). We identified women who underwent endometrial ablation and had a subsequent delivery between 1999 and 2016. Patients with a delivery and no prior ablation were used as controls. The association between morbidly adherent placenta, ablation, and other known risk factors for morbidly adherent placenta was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results Of 162,100 reproductive-aged women who underwent endometrial ablation, 2,770 women (1.71%) subsequently had a delivery. The rate of morbidly adherent placenta was 1 in 13.9 pregnancies after ablation compared with 1 in 838.7 pregnancies in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 20.22, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Pregnancies that occurred after endometrial ablation were associated with increased rates of morbidly adherent placenta.
A Prediction Model for Severe Maternal Morbidity in Laboring Patients at Term
Authors: Tuuli Methodius , Stout Molly , Young Omar , Woolfolk Candice , López Julia , Macones George , Cahill Alison , Rosenbloom Joshua
Published: February 2018

Objective To determine the factors associated with severe maternal morbidity in a modern cohort of women laboring at term and to create a prediction model.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all term, laboring patients with live births at a single tertiary care center from 2004 to 2014. The primary outcome was composite maternal morbidity including organ failure, amniotic fluid embolism, anesthesia complications, sepsis, shock, thrombotic events, transfusion, or hysterectomy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Antepartum, intrapartum, and combined risk scores were created and test characteristics were analyzed.

Results Among 19,249 women delivering during the study period, 323 (1.68%) patients experienced severe morbidity, with blood transfusion the most common complication (286, 1.49%). Factors in the antepartum model included advanced maternal age, race, hypertension, nulliparity, history of cesarean delivery, smoking, and unfavorable Bishop score. Intrapartum factors included mode of delivery, use of cervical ripening agents or oxytocin, prolonged second stage, and macrosomia. The combined model had an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73, 0.79).

Conclusion This three-part risk scoring system can help clinicians counsel patients and guide clinical decision making for anticipating severe maternal morbidity and necessary resources.
Es geht aufwärts!
Authors: Muesse André , Vehma Stefanie , Brutscher Petra , Eppler Sonja
Published: February 2018

Vom Liegen, Gehen und der Frage, wo „oben“ ist Zu den Situationen, mit denen sich Pflegende beinahe
täglich konfrontiert sehen, gehört das Abrutschen des Patienten im Bett „nach unten“, also fußwärts, das aus
vielerlei Gründen ungünstig sein kann. Folglich braucht es Kompetenzen aufseiten der Pflegenden, einen
Transfer „nach oben“, also kopfwärts, zu gestalten. Doch trotz der Alltäglichkeit dieses Erfordernisses ist
der Transfer für Pflegende immer wieder eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über
das zugrunde liegende Bewegungsmuster, liefert Anregungen zur geeigneten Bewegungsunterstützung und klärt die
Frage, wo eigentlich „oben“ ist.
Erwachsenwerden mal anders
Authors: Regensburger Colette
Published: February 2018

Erfahrungsbericht Mit acht Jahren brach die Leukämie zum ersten Mal aus, das zweite Mal kurz vor ihrer
Volljährigkeit; beim dritten Mal war sie Anfang 20 und gerade Mutter geworden – wieder suchte sie ihre alte
Klinik auf, in der sie schon als Kind und Jugendliche behandelt worden war. Eindrucksvoll schildert Colette
Regensburger den Verlauf ihrer Erkrankung in den unterschiedlichen Lebensphasen. Ihre Geschichte zeigt, dass
es sich immer lohnt, zu kämpfen.
Umgang mit dem Sterben lernen
Authors: Hülsheger Yvonne , Wicher Lars
Published: February 2018

LSPP – Leitfaden Stationäre Pädiatrische Palliativversorgung Normalstationen sind in der Regel nicht
besonders erfahren im Umgang mit sterbenden Kindern und deren Angehörigen. Um dennoch den besonderen
Ansprüchen der Familien und ihres sterbenden Kindes gerecht zu werden und als Pflegende Handlungssicherheit zu
erhalten, hat eine Gruppe des SAPV-Teams der Universitätsklinik Münster einen umfassenden Leitfaden
entworfen.
Nur gemeinsam sind wir stark!
Authors: Jendrsczok Ursula
Published: February 2018

Selbstorganisation Alle Heilberufe haben sie schon seit vielen Jahrzehnten – jetzt haben auch die
Pflegenden endlich die Möglichkeit, eigene Berufskammern zu errichten. Nach dem Start in Rheinland-Pfalz
ziehen nun auch weitere Bundesländer nach. Der Berufsstand der Pflegenden bewegt sich. Der folgende Beitrag
zeigt, welchen Nutzen Pflegekammern für die professionelle Pflege haben und was sie bewirken.
Impact of Depression and Psychosocial Treatment on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Analysis Based on the HEIDIS Trial
Authors: Zimmermann-Schlegel Verena , Wild Beate , Nawroth Peter , Kopf Stefan , Herzog Wolfgang , Hartmann Mechthild
Published: February 2018

Objectives To explore the impact of depression on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) as a marker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) impairment in depressed and non-depressed patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore possible effects of an acceptance- and mindfulness-based group intervention (MBSR) on HR and HRV.

Methods Alongside a prospective clinical trial, we collected demographic, psychosocial and clinical data from 113 chronic T2DM patients in a standardized setting. At baseline and after one year, depressive mood was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and autonomic function was determined by measuring HR and HRV markers. A subsample was randomly assigned to take part in eight MBSR sessions.

Results Of the 113 T2DM patients (77.9% men; mean age=58.8±7.0 years; diabetes duration 11.5±7.0 years), 33 showed clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline. In cross-sectional analysis, we found no association between depression and HR/HRV (all comparisons p>0.05). In prospective regression analysis depression did not predict follow-up scores of HRV. The patients who participated in the MBSR intervention showed a tendency toward improved parasympathetic control (RMSSD, CV, E-I-Ratio) with small-to-moderate effect sizes (d≤0.38).

Conclusions Depression was not directly associated with cardiac autonomic control in this sample, but MBSR training may have positively influenced HR and HRV. In advanced diabetes, somatic and behavioral parameters seem to be more predictive than depression for the course of autonomic functioning, but the pathways remain unclear.
Die endonasale endoskopische Resektion von Choanalatresien – wie groß ist der
Langzeiterfolg?
Authors: Holtmann Laura , Stähr Kerstin , Kirchner Julian , Lang Stephan , Mattheis Stefan
Published: February 2018

Einleitung Die Choanalatresie gehört zur Gruppe der seltenen Fehlbildungen. Sie stellt bei beidseitigem
Auftreten einen akut lebensbedrohlichen Notfall dar, da Neugeborene obligate Nasenatmer sind. Die
endoskopische Resektion ist eine etablierte Therapie, die Operationstechnik ist bisher jedoch nicht
standardisiert.

Methodik Die endonasal endoskopische Resektion von kongenitalen Choanalatresien bei 11 Kindern wurde
retrospektiv in einem Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von 9 bis 87 Monaten analysiert. Vier Kinder wiesen eine
bilaterale, sieben eine unilaterale Atresie auf. Neben der endoskopischen Resektion der Choanalatresie
erfolgten die Erweiterung der Choane durch endoskopisches Abtragen des Knochens Richtung Schädelbasis und das
Abtragen der hinteren Septumkante. Das intraoperative Handling, intra- und postoperative Komplikationen und
die Rezidivrate im Verlauf wurden ermittelt. Eltern bzw. Patienten wurden zur subjektiven Einschätzung der
Nasenatmung befragt.

Ergebnisse Intraoperative Komplikationen wurden keine beobachtet. Drei Frühgeborene wurden innerhalb der
ersten Lebenswoche bei einem durchschnittlichen Geburtsgewicht von 2540 g operiert. Postoperativ kam es
zweimal zu Schmierblutungen. Die langfristige Rezidivfreiheit lag bei 73 % (unilateral) bzw. 100 %
(bilateral).

Schlussfolgerungen Die endonasale endoskopische Resektion von Choanalatresien mit Erweiterung der Choane
Richtung Schädelbasis, Reduktion des Nasenbodens und Abtragen der hinteren Septumanteile stellt eine schonende
und erfolgreiche Therapieoption dar.
Pressure-driven flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid with pressure-dependent rheological parameters
Authors: Panaseti Pandelitsa , Damianou Yiolanda , Georgiou Georgios C. , Housiadas Kostas D.
Published: February 2018

The lubrication flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in a symmetric long channel of varying width, 2h(x), is modeled extending the approach proposed by Fusi et al. [“Pressure-driven lubrication flow of a Bingham fluid in a channel: A novel approach,” J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 221, 66–75 (2015)] for a Bingham plastic. Moreover, both the consistency index and the yield stress are assumed to be pressure-dependent. Under the lubrication approximation, the pressure at zero order depends only on x and the semi-width of the unyielded core is found to be given by σ(x) = −(1 + 1/n)h(x) + C, where n is the power-law exponent and the constant C depends on the Bingham number and the consistency-index and yield-stress growth numbers. Hence, in a channel of constant width, the width of the unyielded core is also constant, despite the pressure dependence of the yield stress, and the pressure distribution is not affected by the yield-stress function. With the present model, the pressure is calculated numerically solving an integro-differential equation and then the position of the yield surface and the two velocity components are computed using analytical expressions. Some analytical solutions are also derived for channels of constant and linearly varying widths. The lubrication solutions for other geometries are calculated numerically. The implications of the pressure-dependence of the material parameters and the limitations of the method are discussed.
Characterization of forced response of density stratified reacting wake
Authors: Pawar Samadhan A. , Sujith Raman I. , Emerson Benjamin , Lieuwen Tim
Published: February 2018

The hydrodynamic stability of a reacting wake depends primarily on the density ratio [i.e., ratio of unburnt gas density (ρu) to burnt gas density (ρb)] of the flow across the wake. The variation of the density ratio from high to low value, keeping ρu/ρb>1, transitions dynamical characteristics of the reacting wake from a linearly globally stable (or convectively unstable) to a globally unstable mode. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze the effect of harmonic forcing on the deterministic and synchronization characteristics of reacting wakes. Using the recurrence quantification analysis of the forced wake response, we show that the deterministic behaviour of the reacting wake increases as the amplitude of forcing is increased. Furthermore, for different density ratios, we found that the synchronization of the top and bottom branches of the wake with the forcing signal is dependent on whether the mean frequency of the natural oscillations of the wake (fn) is lesser or greater than the frequency of external forcing (ff). We notice that the response of both branches (top and bottom) of the reacting wake to the external forcing is asymmetric and symmetric for the low and high density ratios, respectively. Furthermore, we characterize the phase-locking behaviour between the top and bottom branches of the wake for different values of density ratios. We observe that an increase in the density ratio results in a gradual decrease in the relative phase angle between the top and bottom branches of the wake, which leads to a change in the vortex shedding pattern from a sinuous (anti-phase) to a varicose (in-phase) mode of the oscillations.
Invited Article: Terahertz microfluidic chips sensitivity-enhanced with a few arrays of meta-atoms
Authors: Serita Kazunori , Matsuda Eiki , Okada Kosuke , Murakami Hironaru , Kawayama Iwao , Tonouchi Masayoshi
Published: February 2018

We present a nonlinear optical crystal (NLOC)-based terahertz (THz) microfluidic chip with a few arrays of split ring resonators (SRRs) for ultra-trace and quantitative measurements of liquid solutions. The proposed chip operates on the basis of near-field coupling between the SRRs and a local emission of point like THz source that is generated in the process of optical rectification in NLOCs on a sub-wavelength scale. The liquid solutions flowing inside the microchannel modify the resonance frequency and peak attenuation in the THz transmission spectra. In contrast to conventional bio-sensing with far/near-field THz waves, our technique can be expected to compactify the chip design as well as realize high sensitive near-field measurement of liquid solutions without any high-power optical/THz source, near-field probes, and prisms. Using this chip, we have succeeded in observing the 31.8 fmol of ion concentration in actual amount of 318 pl water solutions from the shift of the resonance frequency. The technique opens the door to microanalysis of biological samples with THz waves and accelerates development of THz lab-on-chip devices.
Escape rate for nonequilibrium processes dominated by strong non-detailed balance force
Authors: Tang Ying , Xu Song , Ao Ping
Published: February 2018

Quantifying the escape rate from a meta-stable state is essential to understand a wide range of dynamical processes. Kramers’ classical rate formula is the product of an exponential function of the potential barrier height and a pre-factor related to the friction coefficient. Although many applications of the rate formula focused on the exponential term, the prefactor can have a significant effect on the escape rate in certain parameter regions, such as the overdamped limit and the underdamped limit. There have been continuous interests to understand the effect of non-detailed balance on the escape rate; however, how the prefactor behaves under strong non-detailed balance force remains elusive. In this work, we find that the escape rate formula has a vanishing prefactor with decreasing friction strength under the strong non-detailed balance limit. We both obtain analytical solutions in specific examples and provide a derivation for more general cases. We further verify the result by simulations and propose a testable experimental system of a charged Brownian particle in electromagnetic field. Our study demonstrates that a special care is required to estimate the effect of prefactor on the escape rate when non-detailed balance force dominates.
Thermodynamic and experimental study on heat transfer mechanism of miniature loop heat pipe with water-copper nanofluid
Authors: Wang Xiao-wu , Wan Zhen-ping , Tang Yong
Published: February 2018

A miniature loop heat pipe (mLHP) is a promising device for heat dissipation of electronic products. Experimental study of heat transfer performance of an mLHP employing Cu-water nanofluid as working fluid was conducted. It is found that, when input power is above 25 W, the temperature differences between the evaporator wall and vapor of nanofluid, Te − Tv, and the total heat resistance of mLHP using nanofluid are always lower than those of mLHP using de-ionized water. The values of Te − Tv and total heat resistance of mLHP using nanofluid with concentration 1.5 wt. % are the lowest, while when the input power is 25 W, the values of Te − Tv and total heat resistance of mLHP using de-ionized water are even lower than those of mLHP using nanofluid with concentration 2.0 wt. %. At larger input power, the dominant interaction is collision between small bubbles and nanoparticles which can facilitate heat transfer. While at lower input power, nanoparticles adhere to the surface of large bubble. This does not benefit boiling heat transfer. For mLHP using nanofluid with larger concentration, for example 2.0%, the heat transfer may even be worse compared with using de-ionized water at lower input power. The special structure of the mLHP in this study, two separated chambers in the evaporator, produces an extra pressure difference and contributes to the heat transfer performance of the mLHP.
Motion of a skyrmionium driven by spin wave
Authors: Shen Maokang , Zhang Yue , Ou-Yang Jun , Yang Xiaofei , You Long
Published: February 2018

A skyrmionium is composed of two skyrmions with opposite skyrmion numbers and different sizes in the same track. In recent years, the motion of a skyrmionium driven by spin-polarized current has been investigated. However, the motion of a skyrmionium driven by a spin wave has not been reported. In this paper, we report our work concerning the numerical analysis of spin wave-driven motion of a skyrmionium in a nanotrack. The results show that the motion of a skyrmionium was significantly influenced by varying the frequency and amplitude of the AC magnetic field for exciting a spin wave, the distance between the spin wave source and the skyrmionium, the damping coefficient of the ferromagnetic track, and the track width. We found skyrmionium deformation during its initial motion process, but its shape could be recovered as it moved farther away from the spin wave source. Additionally, a series of velocity peaks were observed in the frequency range between 25 GHz and 175 GHz. When compared to a skyrmion, the skyrmionium could be driven by a spin wave to move in a wider frequency range at a higher velocity, and the velocity of the skyrmionium kept increasing with the increase in the track width till the track edge was far away from the skyrmionium. The result offers skyrmionium potential applications in wide-frequency spintronic devices.