bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Interior Plywood Adhesive Based on Oil -Tea Cake
Authors: Fan Dong Bin , Qin Te Fu , Chu Fu Xiang
Published: February 2011

The oil-tea cake, as the major byproduct of tea oil production, was used with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin to prepare a mixed interior plywood panel adhesive (TC-PF adhesive). The optimum formulation of this adhesive and the optimum hot-press conditions for making plywood panels were investigated in this work. The results showed that wet shear strength value of TC-PF adhesives increased when the addition level of PF resin increased. TC-PF adhesive with 50% PF resin addition had a relatively low cost, and moreover pass the bonding strength requirement of China Industry Standard for interior plywood panels. Hot-press temperature and hot-press time had obvious influence on bonding performances of plywood panels. When the hot-press temperature was in the range of 140°C-160°C, the wet shear strength value of panels bonded with the adhesives passed the China Industry Standard requirement. At 3-5min of hot-press time, the plywood panels had satisfactory wet shear strength.
Velocity Optimization on Squashing and Bending Process of Large Diameter Elbow
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xiao Tong Mei , Chu Liang , Bi Da Sen
Published: February 2011

FEM simulations of squashing and bending process of large diameter elbow was applied to analyze the influence of squashing velocities, one of the key process parameters, on the deformation of the tube. In this study the squashing distance of first step is 300mm after several simulation attempts, corresponding to different squashing speeds and different bending velocities of second step. The simulation results of different velocities are compared and discussed. In the end the final velocities of the two steps are given.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Indium and Aluminium Doped Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Yan Lu Ting , Rath Jatin , Schropp Rudd
Published: February 2011

ZnO: In (IZO, 10wt % In2O3) and ZnO: Al (AZO, 1wt % Al2O3) films were deposited on Corning glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The samples were either prepared on unheated substrates and post annealed in N2 at different temperatures, or prepared at elevated temperatures. Electrical, optical and structural properties were investigated as a function of deposition temperature and annealing temperature. Increasing the substrate heater temperature would lead to a decline in the electrical conductivity of IZO films, while AZO films showed unchanged performance in the substrate heater temperature range of 150 - 300°C. Post annealing appears to be an effective way to improve the electrical properties of both IZO and AZO films without sacrificing transparency. In this work, AZO films have higher conductivity and light transmission than IZO films.
Study on the Properties of LDPE/POE/Zeolite Molecular Sieves Composite Film
Authors: Zhao Zi Nian , Nie Xin Xin , Wang Rui
Published: February 2011

By means of melt blending process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder with two-step process, the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene octene copolymer (POE)/zeolite molecular sieves (ZMS) composites were prepared. The influence of ZMS on the crystallinity, mechanical properties and permeability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), universal testing machine and permeability tester, respectively. The results showed that the addition of ZMS made the crystallinity of composite film decreased and the growth rate of crystal nucleus promoted. As the content of ZMS rose, the mechanical properties of composite film decreased, while the CO2, O2 permeability and the moisture permeability increased.
Preparation and Electrochromic Characterization of Nanocrystalline Nio-Base Thin Films
Authors: Wang Lian Chao
Published: February 2011

A precursor solution was prepared by dissolving anhydrous nickel chloride, anhydrous cobalt chloride and citric acid in butanol and ethanol. The solution was refluxed under continuous stirring, and then through hydrolyzing to change to a stable sol. To aerate dry NH3 into the solution after being refluxed can deposit the chloride ions completely .The thin films were deposited by dip-coating method. The thin films were Characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochromic performance of films were Characterized by means of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) measurements, and optical (transmittance) method. Results show that the thin films can transform from amorphous into cubic-NiO nanocrystalline heated at 280°С for 30 min and the xerogel powder must be heated at 300°С for 30 min. The results of films heated at different temperature show that the film heated below crystal temperature has a loose, island amorphous structure, and that of the films heated at 300°С has a compact, regular square structure. The results of cyclic voltammogram and transmittance spectra of films suggest that the molar ratio of Ni/Co=5 cobalt doped can obviously decrease the potential of oxidation and reduction reaction, and make the films present the lowest transmittance in visible range in colored state. The films prepared showed electrochromic reversibility only in crystal state. The film heated at 300°С for 30 min occurred the highest intensity of the peak of current density of oxidation and reduction..
Esterification over Nano Solid Superacid So42-/ZrO2–Sm2O3-SiO2
Authors: Li Fang , Ding Chun Mei
Published: February 2011

A solid superacid catalyst SO42-/ZrO2–Sm2O3-SiO2 was prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by means of XRD, TEM and SEM. The kinetics of the esteriﬁcation of palmitic acid and ethanol catalyzed by nano SO42-/ZrO2–Sm2O3-SiO2 catalyst was studied in a stirred batch reactor for the synthesis of ethyl palmitate. The effects of reaction temperature, feed molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of the catalyst were evaluated. The optimum conditions were as follows: n(palmitic acid):n(ethanol)=1:5, w(SO42-/ZrO2–Sm2O3-SiO2)=2.4%, reaction temperature 403K, and reaction time 2 h. The esterification efficiency of palmitic acid was about 82.6%. The experimental reaction rates were correlated using different rate models include the Eley–Rideal and Langmuir Hinshelwood Hougen Watson models.
Effects of Applied Compressive Stress on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr-Mo Steel During Continuous Cooling Bainitic Transformation
Authors: Zhang Shou Bin , Li Wei Juan
Published: February 2011

The thermal expansion curves are measured by Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator for Cr-Mo steel during continuous cooling transformation at the cooling rate ranging from 1°/s to 90° /s, and CCT curve is also determined; The thermal expansion curves of continuous cooling transformation are measured under the axial compressive stresses (40MPa, 80MPa and 120MPa) at the cooling rates of 50° /s, 70° /s and 90° /s respectively, then the CCT curves with applied compressive stress are determined. The transformation microstructures of steel after continuous cooling with and without stress are observed by SEM and TEM, and the hardness is measured by Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the Bs is increased and Bf is decreased owing to the effect of applied compressive stress; At the meantime the microstructure is also changed, with increasing applied compressive stress, the quantity of granular bainite, bulk ferrite and carbide increase gradually except lath bainite，the lath width of lath bainite becomes narrower gradually, and original grain boundaries become bent from straight; The hardness of transformation structure becomes lower with increasing applied compressive stress exceeding 40Mpa after continuous cooling.
A New Idea for Improving Heat Fade Performance of Organic Based Friction Materials
Authors: Hou Gui Hua , Wang Zhan Hong , Cui Yui Chi
Published: February 2011

A new idea for improving heat fade performance of organic based friction materials was invented; the method is to dope high specific heat material to the matrix for increasing the specific heat capacity of matrix. In this paper, selecting mullite as additive, organic based friction samples doping mullite were prepared by thermoforming methods, the specific heat of samples were analyzed by TG-DSC, and its friction and wear were tested by GB/T 5764-1998 in China. The results show that doping mullite to matrix can dramatically improve the heat fade performance of organic based friction materials, the friction coefficient of samples can keep steady among 0.3-0.4 when the test temperature is from room temperature to 350°C,while the friction coefficient of the reference samples without mullite decline from 0.38 to 0.19.
Combined Manufacturing Process of Electrochemical-Etching and Electroplating on Nanoporous Silicon for its Metallization
Authors: Lin Jia Chuan , Hsu Meng Kai , Hou Hsi Ting , Pan Jia Chi
Published: February 2011

In this work, a combined process for simultaneously manufacturing nanoporous silicon (NPS) and its metallization was present. The key point is the utilization of adjust electrolyte of silver nitrate and the electroplating timing after the NPS etching process. The current-control mode was used to prepare NPS membrane and the obtained pore-size and pillar-depth were about 0.5 μm and 140 μm, respectively. For clarify the metallization quality of studied process, the semiconductor analyzer was utilized to measured current-voltage (IV) characteristic. Compared to NPS with conventional electroplating process, the contact properties of fabricated sample would be effectively improved by the proposed method. The obtained IV characteristic of sample with combined process shows a larger turn-on current about 277 times than other samples.
Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Chen Guo Xing , Gao Yan , Wu Shu Hui , Hu Jin Li
Published: February 2011

In this essay, the effects of grain refinement on corrosion behavior and hardness of equal-channel-angular-pressed (ECAPed) AISI 304 austenitic SS were studied. Finer grains with average size of 5μm in the specimen were obtained after four ECAPed passes compared with as-received one with grain size in range of 55μm Strain-induced grain refinement process can increase grain boundary and dislocation. Thus, the corrosion resistance of ECAPed AISI 304 austenitic SS would be improved.The refined microstructure achieves more positive open circuit potential (OCP) and lower corrosion current density in polarization corrosion tests.Through this process, austenitic stainless steel with better performance in corrosion resistance can be gained.
Study on the Spread of the Energy Gap in Nanostructure System
Authors: Quan Jun , Tian Ying , Shao Le Xi
Published: February 2011

We present a discussion of the size-, potential-dependence of the confinement energy in the nanostructure, as well the blue shift due to quantum confinement effect. In this case, we solve the Schrödinger equation by employing two simple models with one-dimensional periodic crystal potential. Results show that the confinement energy increases abruptly as the size of nanostructures decreases. Importantly, the confinement energy no longer strictly follows the size-dependent inverse square formula given by Brus. Furthermore, the band gap and blue shift depend on the crystal potential in the nanostructure, and the confinement energy decreases with the increase of the potential. We also find that the surface bond constriction plays an important role of the confinement energy.
Synthesis of Type-A Zeolite in Hydrothermal Condition with Stellerite
Authors: Chen Nan Chun , Tang Quan , Deng Ai Ping , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiao Hu
Published: February 2011

Type-A zeolite was synthesized in hydrothermal condition with stellerite obtained from Guangxi. The influences of raw material modification, crystallization temperature, crystallization time and particles’size of stellerites were discussed on preparing zeolite molecular sieve. It is shown that A-type zeolite was synthesized in crystallization time of 6 hours, crystallization temperature of 90-100 °C according to certain proportion with stellerite modified by hydrochloric acid of 15%. The crystallinity of A-type zeolite is 98%, whiteness 95%, average particle size 3.72 µm and more than 90% particles’size are less than 10μm. These meet the zeolite standards of Q / Chalco A021-2004. Type-A zeolite is widely used in detergent industry, petrochemical industry, chemical industry, environmental protection and development of new functional materials fields as it has many excellent performance, such as good ion exchange, adsorption and catalysis, due to its unique crystal structure[1-4]. Because the synthesis of type-A zeolite based on chemical materials costs too much and is also restricted by chemical materials, which can not meet the needs of zeolite application. Therefore, researchers have become focus on preparing type-A zeolite with cheap mineral- materials[5-8]. In this research, we prepared type-A zeolite through Hydrothermal method with stellerites obtained from Guangxi.
Engineering of Soybean Extract Powder: Identification, Characterisation and Stability Evaluation
Authors: Sobharaksha Parapat , Indranupakorn Ratana , Luangtana-Anan Manee
Published: February 2011

Soybeans and soy products are the main source of isoflavones. Soy isoflavones are phytochemicals of intense interest due to their association with a variety of health protective effects. The objective of this study was to identify, characterise, and to evaluate the soybean extracted powder . The extraction of soybean was prepared in dry powder by using spray drying technique. The powder was then investigated for their stability for 1 year. The studied parameters were identification of isoflavone by TLC and HPLC and some physicochemical properties such as moisture content, wettability and thermogram. The result showed that both genistein and daidzein were stable for 1 year of study whereas the extract form was not stable.
Preparation, Characterization of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron and its Application in Coking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xue , Li Su Qin , Ayijamali Kudureti
Published: February 2011

As a new kind of materials, nanoscale zero-valent iron which had excellent adsorption ability and high chemical reactivity had been widely applied in advanced wastewater treatment. In this paper, the preparation of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles was liquid phase reduction ,and then iron nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Also the application of nanoscale zero-valent iron in the difficult degradation coking wastewater treatment was discussed.
Fabrication of the SnO2/Al2O3 Catalysts through Electrospinning
Authors: Cui Lin , Li Quan Xiang , Kang Wei Min , Cheng Bo Wen
Published: February 2011

SnO2/Al2O3 nanofibers have been fabricated from a suitable inorganic–organic composite solution via a simple electrospinning method and followed by calcination treatment of the electrospun polymer/inorganic composite fibers. The effect of voltage, tip-to-collector distance and calcining temperature on the morphology and crystal structure of nanofibres was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diameter and diameter distribution of nanofibers can be controlled by controlling the electrospinning parameters and the more ideal diameter is 200-350nm. The formation of phase identified by XRD indicated the existence of tetragonal rutile tin oxide crystals and amorphous alumina. This paper provides a new method for the preparation of the SnO2/Al2O3 catalysts for NOX reduction.
Synthesis of High Surface Area Porous Silicon Carbide by a Modified Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Wang Dong Hua , Fu Xin
Published: February 2011

High surface area porous silicon carbide was synthesized by employing polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as soft template in the sol-gel process. In the sol-gel method, furfuryl alcohol and tetraethoxysilane were used respectively as carbon and silicon precursors for preparing a carbonaceous silica xerogel. PMHS was employed as pore-adjusting agent in the sol-gel process. The puriﬁed SiC sample was characterized by XRD、FTIR、SEM、HRTEM and BET. The results show that the SiC products are found to have high specific surface area of 125 m2 /g and an average pore diameter of about 17 nm. PMHS has important effect on the surface area of the SiC products.
Investigation of Nano-Powders Made by Spark Discharging Reaction
Authors: Zhou Sheng , Zhou Shi Quan , Mak Kin Cheong , Liu Qitao , Zhong Ming Liang , Li Bo , Zhang Zhao Zhao
Published: February 2011

For the high cost, poor nano-size controlling and the complex technology in the existing Preparation of nano-materials, Gas-Powder Mixed Spark Discharge Reaction (GPMSGR) was used for the preparation of nano-powders. Nano-powders, average particle diameter of 100-150nm were obtained by using GPMSGR with improving the existing ordinary column type EDM machines.
A New Evaluation Index of Coke High Temperature Properties - Starting Reaction Temperature
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Jian Liang , Guo Hao
Published: February 2011

The coke reaction index and solution loss reaction starting temperature were tested by the thermo gravimetric test. According to the relationship between the temperature and the index，a new test method, which evaluates coke high temperature properties by the coke solution loss reaction starting temperature, was put forward. The new method has many merits such as expediently operation and reliable results compared with the method and results of the national standard test.
Coagulation Method for Preparing Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide (ATO)/Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Nanocomposites and their Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Stability
Authors: Dong Bing Hai , Jiang Tao , Xu Zu Xun , Lu Hong Bing , Wang Shi Min
Published: February 2011

A coagulation method providing a better dispersion of nano-Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) in a polymer matrix was used to produce nano-ATO/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed an improved dispersion of nano-ATO in the PMMA matrix, which is a key factor to determine the composite performance. Moreover, the PMMA with the addition of nano-ATO showed improved electrical conductivity and thermal stability.
Preparation of Coral-Like α-Fe2O3 Nanostructures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Hong , Gong Min , Zhang Jing Yu
Published: February 2011

Coral-like α-Fe2O3 nanostructures modified by surfactant CTAB have been successfully obtained via a solvothermal process by using FeCl3 6H2O and oxalic acid as the starting materials. The coral-like α-Fe2O3 nanostructures with good-crystalline consist of well-aligned α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes with an average thickness of about 40 nm growing radially from the center of the nanostructures. The obtained products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID). Magnetic hysteresis measurements indicate that coral-like α-Fe2O3 superstructures show a normal ferromagnetic behavior with the remanence and coercivity of 0.2346emu/g and 1862Oe at room temperature. CTAB, the reaction temperature and solvent played an important role in controlling the final morphology of the products.
One-Step Wet Synthesis and Characterisation of Hydrophobic Magnesium Hydroxide
Authors: Xu Jian Zhong , Tang Ting Ting , Qu Hong Qiang
Published: February 2011

Hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles are prepared by surface modification method with oleic acid (OA) as surface modifier. The influence of synthesis parameters on the hydrophobicity of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles were studied, such as the amount of OA, modification time and reaction temperature. The results show that the product obtained with this method possesses excellent hydrophobic property such as a high water contact angle of 106° and a well dispersion. The Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles exhibit a lamella morphology and staggered pattern. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results prove that the hydrophobic property is enhanced dramaticlly due to this morphology. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis prove the OA molecules are bonded onto the surface of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles with a stable chemical bond. The crystal habit of the magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Influence of Sintering Temperature on Densification and Microstructure of Zn3Nb2O8 Ceramics Derived from Nanopowders
Authors: Pakawanit Phakkhananan , Ananta Supon
Published: February 2011

Zinc niobate, Zn3Nb2O8, dielectric ceramics were fabricated by sintering Zn3Nb2O8 nanopowders derived from a rapid vibro-milling technique at various temperatures. Phase formation, densification, microstructure and dielectric properties of the ceramics were investigated as a function of sintering temperatures (1000-1200°C), using a combination of X-ray diffraction, Archimedes density measurement, scanning electron microscopy and dielectric measurement, respectively. It has been found that single-phase Zn3Nb2O8 ceramics with maximum density of ~98% theoretical density can be successfully produced with appropriate firing temperature, without any firing additives. Moreover, it is seen that the dielectric properties are found to enhance with increasing sintering temperature and grain size.
Analysis the Structure Parameters of the SOI Rib Waveguide
Authors: Shen Xiang Wei , Sang Xin Zhu , Yu Chong Xiu , Yuan Jin Hui , Jin Cang
Published: February 2011

With the different sizes of the structure parameters of the SOI(Silicon on Insulator) rib waveguide, the dispersion and the nonlinearity parameters are investiaged using the beam propagation method. It is found that for the same structure parameters, the dispersion and the nonlinearity parameter γ are different between the TE and TM modes. With the changing of the structure parameters the anomalous dispersion and the nonlinearity parameter γ can be up to 972 ps/km/nm and 1.065×106w-1.km-1 in the wavelength region near 1550nm.The high anomalous dispersion and the nonlinearity parameter γ means it’s a good candidate to realize parametric amplification and wavelength conversion.
Effects of Process Conditions on Properties of Nano-Magnetic Fluid
Authors: Chen Bing , Fan Yu Guang
Published: February 2011

In order to analyze the influences of process condition on kerosene-based Fe3O4, which are prepared in chemical co-precipitation, orthogonal experiment was used. How process condition influenced the size of nano-particles and saturation magnetization was studied, and the best process condition as 40ml•min-1 NaOH adding speed, 10ml•min-1 sodium oleate adding speed, 45°C reaction temperature, 15min holding time and pH value of 2 of coating sodium oleate was obtained. The performance of magnetic particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and WSM vibration magnetometer. The diameter of Fe3O4 nano-particles was less than 10nm, saturation magnetization was 2.66×104A•m-1, viscosity of nano-magnetic fluid was 18mPa•s, and density was 1.13×103kg•m-3. This research enhanced the foundation of using nano-magnetic fluid.
Microstructure and Microhardness of Copper Subjected to High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Xie Zi Ling , Sun Lin Zhu , Yang Fang , Li Xiao Bing
Published: February 2011

Experiments were conducted on copper subjected to High Pressure Torsion to investigate the evolution of microstructure and microhardness with shear strain, γ. Observations have been carried out in the longitudinal section for a proper demonstration of the structure morphology. An elongated dislocation cell/subgrain structure was observed at relatively low strain level. With increasing strain, the elongated subgrains transformed into elongated grains and finally into equiaxed grains with high angle grain boundaries. Measurements showed the hardness increases with increasing γ then tends to saturations when γ >5. The variation tendency of microhardness with γ can be simulated by Voce-type equation.
Study on Pore Structure and Sulfur Fixation Characteristics of Alkali Industrial Waste
Authors: Zhao Gai Ju , Yin Feng Jiao , Li Jie , Li Xuan You
Published: February 2011

Pore structure of experiment alkali waste were investigated by Mercury Porosimetry, the influence of pore structure characteristics on their sulfur fixation performance were discussed, it can be found that little pores make a significant contribution to calcium utilization in the initial stage of reaction and at lower temperature, while bigger pores take effect in the later stage and at higher temperature, the range of effective aperture are different at different temperature, which respectively are from 0.005μm to 0.02μm at temperature from 1123K to 1223K and from 0.2μm to 0.3μm at temperature from 1223K to 1323K, the more pore in range of effective aperture, the better the sulfur fixation performance.
Thermo-Responsive Dispersion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-Co-Acrylic Acid)
Authors: Xiao Yu Liang , Duan Gui Yun , You Gui Rong , Zhao Xiao Dong
Published: February 2011

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified with poly(N-isopropylacryl- amide-co-acrylic acid) (P(NIPAAm-co-AA)), and the modified MWNTs can be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous solution. In addition, the MWNTs were endowed with thermo-responsive at 33°C . The MWNTs switched reversibly between aggregated and well-exfoliated states by using temperature as a stimulus. Moreover, the introduction of acrylic acid to copolymerize with N-isopropylacrylamide could greatly enhance the dispersing ability of MWNTs.
Effect of Magnetic Field Direction on Texture Evolution in Cold-Rolled IF Steel Sheet at the Initial Stage of Recrystallization
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhao Xiang , He Chang Shu , Zuo Liang
Published: February 2011

Sheets of cold rolled (76%) IF steel were annealed at 650°C for 30min under a 12-tesla magnetic field. During the magnetic field annealing, they were placed at the center of the applied field respectively, being oriented differently with respect to the magnetic field direction. The results show that the high magnetic field annealing prevents the evolution from deformed {111}<110> texture component to recrystallized {111}<112> texture component at the initial stage of recrystallization. For the field annealed specimens, altering the specimen orientation to the magnetic field direction during annealing does not change the final annealing textures. The intensity of main {111} texture components presents a similar periodic variation with respect to the specimen orientation to the magnetic field.
Characterization of Well-Dispersed CeO2 Nanoparticles Prepared by a New Method of Reverse Microemulsion
Authors: Feng Fa Mei , Xie Jia Qing , Zou Li Ke , Xie Bin
Published: February 2011

Well-dispersed CeO2 nanoparticles were successfully prepared in a simple system composed of sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)- octane-water (W/O) microemulsion in this paper. The morphology and microstructure of the products were characterized by the laser particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the CeO2 nanoparticles obtained from this method have well-proportioned size distributions; the surfactant (AOT) molecule was adsorbed on the surface of CeO2 nanoparticles precursor, which is favorable for the dispersion of CeO2 nanoparticles; the CeO2 nanoparticles calcined was a crystal of the cubic structure. In addition, the mechanism on the formation of the CeO2 nanoparticles was also proposed in this paper.
The Effect of Biology Activity on WS during Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Bi Dong Su , Guo Xiao Pin
Published: February 2011

The effect of biology activity on liquid indicators (pH, SCOD, VSS ,SOP etc.) and solid indicators (PHA , hepatin, TP etc.) of phosphorus-rich waste sludge during the anaerobic digestion were studied in this paper. Sludge used in this study was obtained from a sewage treatment plant in which the A/O process was used. The results indicated that the hydrolyzing of waste sludge was promoted by the addition of bacterium inhibitor in the beginning of experiment. However, the presence of bacterium inhibitor was disadvantage to both hydrolyzed and biological release mechanism of phosphorus in anaerobic digestion system.
Leaching Behaviour of Heavy Metals from the Class C Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers
Authors: Guo Xiao Lu , Shi Hui Sheng
Published: February 2011

In this paper, leaching behavior of heavy metals from the class C fly ash (CFA)-based geopolymers were studied. The CFA-based geopolymers were prepared from CFA, flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), and water treatment residual (WTR). The extraction-leaching concentrations of heavy metals from CFA-based geopolymers were lower than their maximum concentration limits according to the U.S. environmental protection law. And the encapsulated and fixed ratios of heavy metals by the CFA-based geopolymers were 96.02~99.88 %. The dynamic real-time leaching concentration of Pb (II) were less than 1.1 µg / L, Cr (VI) less than 3.25 mg / L while Hg (II) less than 4.0 µg / L. Additionally, dynamic accumulated leaching concentrations were increased at the beginning of leaching process then kept stable. The leaching results indicated that the security of heavy metals in CFA-based geopolymer was safe.
Atomistic Model of Amorphous Silicon Nitride by Melt-Quench Method
Authors: Liao Ning Bo , Zhang Miao , Jiang Rui , Tao Xi
Published: February 2011

Silicon nitride presents good mechanical properties and thermal stability at high temperature. To investigate the mechanism of this unique feature demands a proper atomistic simulation, as the experiments have limitations in nano-scale characterization of chemical structure and the related properties. In this paper, the melt-quench method was used to generate the amorphous structure of silicon nitride, and then the corresponding mechanical properties were studied. The simulation results consist with the experimental results on radial distribution function and Young’s modulus.
State of the Art of Constitutive Model of Concrete Materials Based on Damage Mechanics
Authors: Zhang Duo Xin , Wang Qing Yun
Published: February 2011

This study centered on the development of constitutive model of the material based on damage mechanics. Volumetric expansion, unilateral behavior and softening effect have been pointed out as three difficulties during setting constitutive model of concrete, the applicable and deficiency of the existed constitutive relationship been reviewed, and the methods used to deal above difficulties were overviewed, Meanwhile, the background of existed model has been summarized and listed systematically. The development of a thermodynamic approach to constitutive model of concrete, with emphasis on the rigorous and consistency both in the formulation of constitutive models and in the identification of model parameters based on experimental tests has been potential direction of the future study, and hoped furnished basement for the elastic to plastic coupled damage mechanics constitutive model of concrete.
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Cement Based Materials with Scrap Tires Wire - FeCuNbSiB Amorphous Alloy Powder
Authors: Huang Shao Wen , Yi Xiao Shun , Chen Guang Hua , Deng Min , Tang Ming Shu
Published: February 2011

Replacement of steel fiber by scrap tires wire as shielding agent in cement-matrix composites was discussed in this paper. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of cement based composites materials containing FeCuNbSiB amorphous alloy powder and scrap tires wire were measured with coaxial planar－spectrum analyzer method. Results show scrap tires wire can effectively enhance the SE of cement composites in tested frequency range. The shielding effectiveness at 1.5GHz is 14.1 dB at a scrap tires wire content of 1.3 vol.% in cement paste. The SE of composites that simultaneously contain scrap tires wire and FeCuNbSiB powder is higher than singly use these shield agents.
Slag-Clay Foam Cement as Roof Material for Passive Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Tan Xiao Qian , Wang Li Jiu
Published: February 2011

The objective of this study is to propose a light weight and suitable strength material as roof surface which can detain rainwater during rainy day and lower room temperature in sunny day by passive evaporative cooling. So blast furnace slag was used as the main raw material and clay as the subordinate ingredient to synthesize an alkali-activated cement matrix at room temperature. Furthermore the cement matrix were made into porosity by injecting prepared foam and attempted to improve strength by incorporation of short polypropylene fiber. Finally, the dry density of 453 kg/m3 and compressive strength of 4.5MPa porous roof material (slag-clay porous material) was gained. Variations of room temperature and heat flux transfer across porous material roof slab have been measured. The results showed that roof covered with slag-clay porous material can satisfactorily lower room temperature and reduce heat flux, as compared with OPC (ordinary Portland cement) roof layer simply. Covering slag-clay porous material layer as roof surface can create a more effective cooling system by utilizing its water absorption and evaporation capability during canicule, which provides a new approach to low carbon and energy saving technological development.
Influences of Environment Climate Conditions on Concrete Carbonation Rate
Authors: Li Guo , Yuan Ying Shu , Liu Xin , Du Jian Min , Li Fu Min
Published: February 2011

Environment climate conditions are important influencing factors on concrete carbonation rates. Influences of concrete internal microclimate conditions including internal temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) and external climate conditions including wind speed and wind direction on concrete carbonation rates were studied through laboratory accelerated carbonation experiments. Models based on concrete internal microclimate conditions were established. Results indicate that internal T always present accelerating effects on concrete carbonation rates, while internal RH and pore water saturation degree (PS) show hindering effects on it. Wind direction and wind speed have certain effects on concrete carbonation rate, and the higher wind speed, the higher concrete carbonation rate is. For the same wind speed, carbonation rate is the highest for perpendicular direction.
Numerical Simulation of The Drying Shrinkage Process of Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yong Cun , Li Qing Ning
Published: February 2011

Based on surface chemistry, the force status of capillary pores of concrete is analyzed and the mechanical model of a single capillary pore in concrete is built with use of ANSYS, a sort of software for analysis and calculation. Then drying shrinkage strain of concrete is simulated. With the continuous evaporation of water, when the radius of concave water surface drop to a certain value, the corresponding shrinkage strain of concrete can be approximately calculated out. Finally the curve of gradually increasing concrete volume-shrinkage strain versus the decreasing radius of concave water surface is described. The existed errors of this simulation are analyzed,and some suggestion for improvements is given.
The Frost Model of Concrete in the View of Damage Mechanics
Authors: Pan Dong Fang , Qiao Yun Feng , Sun Cheng Shuai , Liu Xue Bing
Published: February 2011

To propose the damage model of concrete in the freezing-thawing cycles, the reasonable dissipation function and micro plastic deformation expression have been determined based on the continuum damage mechanics. The damage variable is expressed as a function of the number of freezing-thawing cycle. The damage is defined in terms of the loss of the dynamic elastic modules and the damage model of the concrete in the freezing-thawing cycles has been presented.
Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Difluoro(Oxalate)Borate Synthesized by a Novel Method
Authors: Li Shi You , Xu Xiao Li , Shi Xin Ming , Cui Xiao Ling
Published: February 2011

Lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiODFB) as an alternative salt for lithium-ion batteries, its application was limited by salt synthesis. In this study, high purity LiODFB was synthesized by simple and continuous technology using purified self-made BF3, the inert atmosphere and vacuum protection was avoided. Moreover, 0.7 mol L-1 LiODFB-PC (propylene carbonate)/EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate)/DMC (dimethyl carbonate) (1:1:1, by volume) were prepared to assembling Li/MCMB (mesocarbon microbead) cell. Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) was formed to stabilized MCMB structure even in one third (by volume) of PC in the electrolyte with the help of LiODFB. LiFePO4/Li cell was assembled as well. The cell based on LiODFB had excellent cycling performance and capacity retention.
Optimization of Tool Parameters in Polishing of Aspheric Optics
Authors: Lin Jie Qiong , Lu Ming Ming , Qiu Li Wei
Published: February 2011

Basing on analyzing aspheric curvature, considered about three effects caused by material, geometry shape and dimension of polishing tool, this paper proposed a new optimizing method for the machining tool of aspheric optics .Considering to dwell time and residual error synthetically in machining process, this method can obtain optimizing sequence of tools based on the gradient descent method, and it provides an effective reference for raising polishing accuracy and efficiency of aspheric optics.
Tribological Performance of PTFE Composites Filled with Spherical-Graphite
Authors: Sun Jian Wei , Wang Li Qin , Gu Le
Published: February 2011

The tribologcial performance of PTFE composites filled with different contents of spherical-graphite and Flake-graphite were comparatively evaluated on MM-200 test rig in block-on-ring configuration under dry condition. The microstructures of worn surfaces of PTFE composites were examined with SEM, and wear mechanisms was also analyzed. The changes of notched impact strength with the content changed were also considered. The results show that the tribological performance of spherical-graphite was better than flake-graphite with same weight filled: The friction coefficient of spherical-graphite, about 0.10~0.15, was under flake-graphite, about 0.12~0.18; the wear rate of spherical-graphite was lower than flake-graphite at each content. Notched impact strength of spherical-graphite was from 7.0kJ/m2 to 8.7 kJ/m2 with the content increased, while flake-graphite was fall rapidly from 8.5kJ/m2 to 3.0kJ/m2 with the content added more than 5wt. %.
Formulation and Evaluation of Isosorbide Dinitrate Acrylic Matrix Transdermal Patches
Authors: Jarenputtakrun Ponwanit , Opanasopit Praneet , Panomsuk Suwannee , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait
Published: February 2011

The aim of this study was to prepare and investigate the isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patches (IDPs) in the concentration of 40 mg/cm2. Acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) were used to formulate IDPs. IDPs were prepared by casting method. The effect of content of PSA, and concentration of enhancer, propylene glycol, in the formulations were evaluated. IDPs were investigated for their thickness, weight/area ratio, adhesiveness and in vitro skin permeation. The higher the content of PSA in the formulation, the higher the thickness and the W/A ratio. Propylene glycol added in the formulation (2.5, 5, 10%) significantly enhanced the skin permeation of ISDN. The higher the content of PG, the higher the flux of ISDN through the skin. Our research suggests that isosorbide dinitrate loaded with 10% of propylene glycol in acrylic matrix pressure sensitive adhesive can be potentially used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
Influence of Be and Ni to Cu-Al Alloy Shape Memory Performance
Authors: Xu Hua Ping , Song Gao Feng , Mao Xie Min
Published: February 2011

With Bridgeman directional solidification method the single crystal alloys of CuAl base shape memory alloy (SMA) with different components were prepared. And their shape memory performance characters were systematically investigated. The results show that the single crystal of CuAlNiBe quaternary shape memory alloy has much better shape memory properties than that of the CuAlBe and CuAlNi ternary alloy. That meant that in the CuAl base SMA alloy the mixed addition of Be and Ni changed the quenching microstructure has a strengthening effect to improve the shape memory performance of the SMA alloy.
Evaluation of Native and Pregelatinized Arrowroot (Maranta Arundinacea) Starches as Disintegrant in Tablet Formulation
Authors: Patomchaiviwat Vipaluk , Suchada Piriyaprasarth , Popporn Koorattanasiri , Supaporn Kanoknirumdom , Achara Rattanasiha
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the disintegrating properties of native arrowroot starch and pregelatinized arrowroot starch in comparison with corn starch and sodium starch glycolate (Explotab®). Tablets were prepared by direct compression. The tablet formulations contained dibasic calcium phosphate as filler and magnesium stearate as lubricant. Each starch at various concentrations between 2-10 % w/w was used in formulation as disintegrant. The swelling volume and weight of starches and disintegration time of tablets were evaluated. At 2% w/w concentration of starch, the pregelatinizaed starch provided disintegration time faster than the native starch (2.5 times). The disintegration time of 2% w/w pregelatinized arrowroot starch was comparable to Explotab and faster than that of native starch. The disintegration time of native starch at the concentration of 4, 6 and 10 %w/w was comparable to that of corn starch and Explotab®. Native arrowroot starch and pregelatinized arrowroot starch could be used as effective disintegrants in tablet formulation.
Color Stability of Heat-Treated Okan Sapwood during Artificial Weathering
Authors: Shi Qiang , Jiang Jing Hui
Published: February 2011

This study describes experiments of testing the color stability of heat-treated okan sapwood samples. Heat-treatment was done at 160°C,180°C,200°C,220°C during 4 hours, under steam. series of experiments were carried out to investigate the color stability of heat-treated okan sapwood compared to untreated wood during 100 hours xenon light irradiation. Color measurements during accelerated weathering were made at intervals throughout the test period. The results are presented in △E* and L* a* b*coordinates according to the CIE(1976)L*a*b* parameters color system. Better photo-stability in terms of color changes was recorded for heat-treated wood compared to the untreated one. The properties of heat treated wood are involved in the heat-treated wood resistanceagainst xenon light under experimental conditions.
Self-Assembled Perovskite Epitaxial Multiferroic BiFeO3 Nanoislands
Authors: Hang Qi Ming , Zhu Xin Hua , Tang Zhen Jie , Song Ye , Liu Zhi Guo
Published: February 2011

Perovskite epitaxial multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoislands were grown on SrTiO3 (100) and Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100) single crystal substrates by chemical self-assembled method. Their phase structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The results showed that epitaxial multiferroic BiFeO3 nanoislands were obtained via post-annealing process in the temperature range of 650 - 800°C, and their lateral sizes were in the range of 50 - 160 nm and height of 6 -12 nm. With increasing the post-annealing temperature, the morphology of BiFeO3 nanoisland in the (100) growth plane evolved from tri-angled to squared, and then to plated shapes. By using piezo-force microscopy, ferroelectric characteristics of a single epitaxial BiFeO3 nanoisland (with lateral size of ~ 50 nm and height of 12 nm) grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100) single crystal substrate, was characterized. The results demonstrated that fractal ferroelectric domains existed in the single BiFeO3 nanoisland, and self-biased polarization was also observed within this multiferroic nanoisland. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the interfacial stress caused by the lattice misfit between the BiFeO3 nanoisland and the SrTiO3 single crystal substrate.
Preparation and Property of Pyrotechnical Battery
Authors: Zhao Bao Guo , Du Zhi Ming , Zhao Lin Shuang , Yang Shuai
Published: February 2011

Pyrotechnical battery is successfully prepared, including an anode and cathode having pyrotechnic charges with an excess of fuel-anode and an excess of oxidation agent cathode (Zr, CuO and asbestos), the anode and cathode being separated by a separator formed from LiF, ZrO2 and fibrous sponge. Main performance indexes system of pyrotechnical battery is put forward and tested under the premise of appropriate mass and corresponding size, such as discharge voltage, discharge time, activation time, excitation time, internal resistance, combustion temperature and storage life. The results show that pyrotechnical battery of Zr/CuO system can basically meet application requirements. Activation time is usually about 0.2 s. Discharge voltage is about 1.96 V and the discharge time is up to 13.8 s or more. The internal resistance keeps a low fixed value (0.47Ω , for example). Combustion temperature of pyrotechnic composition can reach 1500.6 °C (the case temperature of battery is lower) to ensure that electrode and separator is adequately melted, consequently, the internal resistance is reduced, and achieving satisfactory discharge effect.
Analysis of Slip-Band on Specimen Surface of Polycrystalline Copper under Tension
Authors: Shi Yan Ke , Zhang Ke Shi , Zhang Jing , Ma Ying Song
Published: February 2011

Based on the crystal plasticity theory, the slip-band traces on the specimen surface of polycrystalline copper tensioned uniaxially are investigated by using the finite deformation numerical algorithm, and the statistical distributions of the inhomogeneous strain and stress in the specimen are analyzed. The tension deformation of the polycrystalline specimen is simulated by the three dimensional FEM. Through the geometric analysis of intersect-lines between the active crystallographic slip-planes and the specimen surface, the different slip-band traces of the specimen surface are calculated and discussed. According to the results, it is confirmed that the crystal plasticity theory is feasible to study the deformation of the crystalline material.
Thermal Analysis Method for Studying the Effects of a Series of Stannates on Flame Retardancy of Wood by Thermogravimetry–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qu Hong Qiang , Wu Wei Hong , Li Na , Xu Jian Zhong
Published: February 2011

The effects of Na2SnO3 and CuSnO3 on the thermal decomposition and fire performance of wood were characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TG–MS) analysis. The addition of these chemicals caused a decrease in the decomposition temperature, a reduction in weight loss, and an increase in the amount of char produced. The results showed that ion current intensity and ion peak area of the typical representatives of incombustible ion such as m/z = 18 and 44 MS signals were increased by the flame retardants but the inflammable ion such as m/z =12, 26, 28 etc. MS signal was decreased at the meantime. What’s more, the maximum ion current intensity and ion peak area of m/z = 64 signals were increased obviously, which mean that the flame retardants can significantly enhances the dehydration and inhibits the deploymerisation of wood.