bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superstrong Magnetic Fields in Sunspot Bipolar Light Bridges
Authors: Castellanos Durán J. S. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Solanki S. K. , van Noort M. , Milanovic N.
Published: January 2025

Recent solar observations of bipolar light bridges (BLBs) in sunspots have, in a few individual cases, revealed magnetic fields up to 8.2 kG, which is at least twice as strong as typical values measured in sunspot umbrae. However, the small number of such observations hinted that such strong fields in these bright photospheric features that separate two opposite-polarity umbrae are a rare phenomenon. We determine the field strength in a large sample of BLBs with the aim of establishing how prevalent such strong fields are in BLBs. We apply a state-of-the-art inversion technique that accounts for the degradation of the data by the intrinsic point-spread function of the telescope, to the so far largest set of spectropolarimetric observations, by Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope spectropolarimeter, of sunspots containing BLBs. We identified 98 individual BLBs within 51 distinct sunspot groups. Since 66.3% of the BLBs were observed multiple times, a total of 630 spectropolarimetric scans of these 98 BLBs were analyzed. All analyzed BLBs contain magnetic fields stronger than 4.5 kG at unit optical depth. The field strengths decrease faster with height than the fields in umbrae and penumbrae. BLBs display a unique continuum intensity and field strength combination, forming a population well separated from umbrae and the penumbrae. The high brightness of BLBs in spite of their very strong magnetic fields points to the presence of a so far largely unexplored regime of magnetoconvection.
Élus locaux, leur engagement pour les quartiers
Authors: Debbèche Lotfi , Girault Jean-Luc , Pauchet Gaëtan , Pollier Marion
Published: January 2025

Que signifie être élu en charge de la politique de la ville ? Comment ces hommes et ces femmes parviennent-ils à insuffler une ambition pour le développement des quartiers populaires ? C’est l’objet de l’entretien réalisé auprès de trois élus municipaux, par ailleurs administrateurs de Labo Cités : Lotfi Debbèche, élu à Villeurbanne, Jean-Luc Girault, élu à Lyon, et Gaëtan Pauchet, élu à Chambéry.
Protopolitiques du souffle
Authors: Bigé Emma
Published: January 2025

Un point de vue protopolitique consiste à envisager ce qui est matière à mobilisation : comment un geste en vient-il à circuler entre les individus et à emporter des collectifs ? La respiration, un acte automatique essentiel à la survie, peut aussi être infléchie et être employée comme un geste de ralliement par-delà les frontières entre humain et non-humain. En examinant différentes convergences de lutte autour de la figure du souffle (luttes antiracistes, luttes pour le climat, luttes handiqueer), l’article se propose d’examiner les potentiels somactivistes de l’air.
Danser la lutte : féminisme et activisme dans la circulation transnationale d’ Un violador en tu camino
Authors: Escobar Luar Maria
Published: January 2025

Cet article vise à interroger le phénomène de circulation transnationale de la chorégraphie féministe Un violador en tu camino à travers un prisme particulier : celui du geste dansé et des variations qui en découlent lors de ses reprises. À travers une analyse esthétique des versions ayant eu lieu à Santiago, Paris et San Juan, on cherchera à saisir la façon dont le geste se constitue en tant qu’outil permettant l’actualisation de la puissance politique de la chorégraphie lorsque celle-ci est performée dans des contextes autres que celui de sa création. Aussi, il s’agira de mettre en valeur comment le geste dansé participe à la construction d’un féminisme international d’expression protéiforme.
Apprendre à transgresser. Pour des pratiques somatiques critiques et socialement engagées
Authors: Ginot Isabelle
Published: January 2025

Dans les années 2000, un collectif de danseur·euses et praticien·nes somatiques a proposé en région parisienne des ateliers somatiques à des personnes concernées par le VIH et les maladies chroniques. Le récit de cette expérience permet de penser les conditions auxquelles des pratiques corporelles peuvent se constituer en pratiques d’émancipation dans des institutions exerçant un contrôle social sur des personnes dites « vulnérables ». Apprendre à transgresser, c’est constituer ces pratiques comme forme de transgression au sein de l’institution médico-sociale, et pour cela, transgresser les normes internes à ces pratiques, en y instillant les savoirs militants des luttes contre le sida.
How Co-Traveling Accessory Symptoms and Comorbidities Affect Making the Diagnosis of Adult ADHD
Authors: Anbarasan Deepti , Adler Lenard A.
Published: January 2025

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has profound personal and societal impacts, yet this condition remains underdiagnosed and under-treated in adults due to challenges in distinguishing its nuanced symptom-atology from overlapping psychiatric comorbidities and co-traveling accessory symptoms. This article reviews how co-traveling accessory symptoms, such as emotional dyscontrol, executive functioning deficits, and cognitive disengagement syndrome, as well as comorbid conditions like depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders, complicate the diagnostic process. Each accessory symptom and psychiatric comorbidity not only shares overlapping features with ADHD but also contributes to greater functional impairment and may exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Limitations in our current diagnostic frameworks can further hinder recognition of broader symptom presentations in adults. Increased awareness of co-traveling accessory symptoms and comorbidities may improve identification and treatment outcomes for this disorder in adults, thus better addressing the consequences of untreated ADHD and enhancing quality of life for those affected.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(12):e325–e329.]
Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis
Authors: Park Seon-Cheol
Published: January 2025

This article examines the impact of cultural factors on psychiatric diagnosis, with particular attention to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
. Since the release of
DSM-III
in 1980, the operational, symptom-based criteria have sought to establish universal standards for diagnosing mental disorders. However, this approach faces challenges such as diagnostic ambiguity and cultural misalignment. The concept of the “Procrustean bed” underscores the limitations of applying DSM criteria without considering cultural variations, particularly in diagnosing major depression. For instance, in Western cultural contexts heavily influenced by Christianity, guilt is often emphasized as a symptom of depression, although this may be less prevalent in non-Western societies. Comparative studies show that Western patients frequently report guilt and a depressed mood, whereas patients in Asian societies often present with symptoms such as suicidal behavior or illness-related anxiety. This article also explores “culture-bound syndromes,” which are mental health conditions shaped by specific cultural contexts, such as
hwa-byung
(anger syndrome) in Korea and
hikikomori
(social withdrawal syndrome) in Japan. These syndromes underscore the necessity for culturally adapted diagnostic approaches. For example,
hwa-byung
, characterized by repressed anger within a patriarchal society, overlaps with DSM-defined depressive and anxiety disorders but maintains a unique cultural expression. Similarly,
hikikomori
, reflecting extreme social withdrawal exacerbated by the pandemic, is associated with depression and social anxiety. This study advocates for the integration of cultural
phronesis
or practical wisdom into psychiatry, emphasizing the importance of nuanced and culturally sensitive diagnosis methods. Recognizing alternative symptom expressions, such as anger or shame, in non-Western patients is critical for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2024;54(12):e330–e334.]
Innovative two-stage thermal control of DC-DC converter for hybrid PV-battery system
Authors: Imran Rasool M. , Chalok Kadhim Hamzah , Nasrallah Siraj A. M.
Published: January 2025

A photovoltaic (PV)-based generator is a crucial component of modern electricity grids. Most PV systems utilize various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms to inject the maximum available power into the utility. However, on sunny days, consistently obtaining maximum power can lead to increased thermal stress and a reduced reliability of the power electronic-based DC-DC converter. This paper presents a thermal model for the DC-DC converter that evaluates the accumulated temperature based on power losses and ambient temperature sensed by the thermal sensor. A thermal control strategy is suggested to maintain the temperature of the converter's main components within allowable limits. The thermal control includes two stages: a primary stage that adjusts the switching frequency of the IGBT switches to decrease the accumulated temperature and a secondary stage that adjusts the current-based MPPT algorithm to reduce the maximum current through the main switch. This approach aims to extend the lifespan of the utilized DC-DC converter and lower its operational cost. Furthermore, the allowable range for switching frequency variation is determined through a stability analysis of the frequency response, which is evaluated using a Bode plot for the closed-loop system. The proposed thermal control was implemented in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The associated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control in maintaining temperature within acceptable limits and thereby improving the reliability of the system.
Geometric analysis of the pseudo-projective curvature tensor in doubly and twisted warped product manifolds
Authors: Elsharkawy Ayman , Elsayied Hoda , Tawfiq Abdelrhman , Alghamdi Fatimah
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the pseudo-projective curvature tensor within the framework of doubly and twisted warped product manifolds. It offers significant insights into the interaction between the pseudo-projective curvature tensor and both the base and fiber manifolds. The research highlights key geometric characteristics of the base and fiber manifolds as influenced by the pseudo-projective curvature tensor in these structures. Additionally, the paper extends its analysis to examine the behavior of the pseudo-projective curvature tensor in the context of generalized doubly and twisted generalized Robertson-Walker space-times.
Tourist Awareness in Tourism Development
Authors: Valachis Ioannis , Trihas Nikolaos
Published: January 2025

The aim of this chapter is by focusing on the emerging tourism destination of Veria in Greece, to emphasize the importance of tourism awareness of the local community in achieving sustainable tourism development. In order to achieve this aim, the initiatives of the Tourism Department of the Municipality of Veria to raise tourism awareness of the local community are presented. The goal of these initiatives was to turn local residents into ambassadors for their city. Better knowledge of local points of interest and their importance, and greater familiarity with the concepts of hospitality and sustainability can lead to a behavior towards visitors that will meet their expectations and maximize their positive experiences from the destination. Findings and discussion of this case study are useful to academic researchers and organizations (DMOs, tourism bodies, community stakeholders) interested in sustainable tourism development.
Special Forms of Tourism as a Territorial Management Tool
Authors: Silva Júlio Sousa , Sousa Bruno Barbosa
Published: January 2025

Some Special Forms of Tourism (SFT) are the result of technological developments (e.g. virtual tourism, e-tourism, or emotional intelligence) or using highly developed specialist systems that can provide a greater variety of tourism products and tourism services. Geocaching is an outdoor recreational activity, in which participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or mobile device and other navigational techniques to hide and seek containers, called geocaches or caches, at specific locations marked by coordinates all over the world. Apparently, this tourist practice could be an important tool in the dissemination and notoriety of tourist destinations (i.e. territorial management), as well as in regional and local development. This chapter aims to present some illustrative cases of geocaching as a territorial management tool. From an interdisciplinary perspective, the chapter presents insights for marketing (territorial) and tourism (niches and segments with specific motivations). At the end, lines of future research will be presented.
A Computational Bibliometric Analysis of Systematic Review of Herding Behaviour in Financial Markets
Authors: Brahmi Mohsen , Krishnan Deepika , Archana K.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete understanding on investors herd behavior in both developed and emerging nations' stock markets. In this regard a survey is betrothed from Scopus database from month 1980 to month 2022 which consist of 85 empirical and descriptive research papers from the total of 135 full published documents. Systematic Literature Review and bibliometric scrutiny have been done with the help of VOSviewer. The finding of the study through Systematic Literature Review was that Demirer. R was the highly cited author followed by Kaminsky. Four clusters with different themes were identified through Bibliometric analysis. It also revealed the degree of connection among authors, countries, and publications. This study would help prospective researchers gain meaningful insight into the contemporary state of the prevailing literature and conduct a qualitative review of the literature, and would also provide insight into the research profile and opportunities that can be conducted regarding herd behavior in the stock market.
Designing the Future of Service in Technology-Driven Innovation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Hameed Salman , Jaleel Ahsan Ahmed , Dahri Abdul S.
Published: January 2025

The chapter investigates advancements within the service sector, particularly focusing on leveraging technology to enhance client experiences. It comprehensively analyzes a spectrum of technological innovations, encompassing virtual reality, automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, elucidating their profound impact on service provision across diverse industries. The chapter incorporates a structured class exercise aimed at fostering creative problem-solving for service delivery, promoting critical thinking, innovation, and a deeper understanding of technology's pivotal role in shaping service ecosystems. It also serves real-world case study featuring Zomato, an Indian-based online food ordering and delivery company, which serves to illuminate the practical challenges and intricacies inherent in implementing state-of-the-art service delivery methodologies. By meticulously dissecting this case study, the chapter offers invaluable insights into the hurdles of client adoption, internal organizational resistance, and the intricacies of technological integration.
OpenStreetMap Empowering Digital Infrastructure for Emerging Markets
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Humnekar Trupti Dandekar , Maqsood Maida , Chemingui Houssem
Published: January 2025

OpenStreetMap offers significant advantages for emerging markets, including cost-effectiveness, local knowledge utilization, scalability, adaptability, and integration with digital services. These benefits empower communities to map their environments, fostering economic growth, mobility, and access to services. OSM's democratized mapping data enables local entrepreneurs to innovate without high financial burdens. Leveraging local knowledge ensures maps are accurate and up-to-date, reflecting dynamic infrastructure landscapes and fostering community resilience. However, limited internet connectivity, low digital literacy, inadequate mapping resources, and political and social barriers can hinder OSM's effective use. Ensuring data accuracy and sustaining community engagement are crucial. Solutions like offline editing tools, lightweight mapping applications, community-driven network initiatives, and training and continuous support are essential.
Discrimination, Gender, and Immigration
Authors: Nese Annamaria , Brahmi Mohsen , Aldieri Luigi
Published: January 2025

This work examines any ethnic gaps between self-identified ethnic minorities and the majority of the population across Western European regions, taking into consideration the variations within native population and ethnic minorities due to family background (i.e., parents' education and occupation). The analysis shows that self-identified ethnic minorities and national majorities have significantly different socioeconomic levels; the observed ethnic gaps cannot be fully explained by individual educational attainment, family history, or challenges related to migration. Micro data from the European Social Survey are used in this investigation. The findings show that overestimating any ethnic gaps may result from ignoring social origins: parents with high socioeconomic status may better target their children in their decision-making, which may imply further disadvantages for ethnic minorities, particularly for the offspring of migrants who typically have low social origins. The findings also highlight how little intergenerational mobility there is in Europe.
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)
Authors: Morote Álvaro Francisco
Published: January 2025

In this work, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030). It is the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda and offers Member States a series of concrete actions that can be taken to protect the benefits of development against the risk of disasters. Regarding the objectives pursued by this Framework, they are: the reduction of disaster risk and losses caused by disasters, both in lives, livelihoods and health as well as in people's economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets, companies, communities and countries. This is where the education factor would have its influential role. Although in the Spanish case there are still few works on experiences and didactic proposals regarding the teaching of natural risks from Geography, the Sendai Framework constitutes a first and fundamental step to integrate these phenomena in school, as stated in the LOMLOE (2020).
Integrating Emerging Technologies
Authors: Irfan Mohammad , Verma Jatin , Parameswaran S. , Sheikh Irfan Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The rapid rise of technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain is transforming supply chain management by boosting efficiency, transparency, and resilience. This paper examines how these technologies optimize supply chains, focusing on predictive analytics, real-time monitoring, and secure data exchange. AI excels in automation and decision-making, IoT enables real-time data gathering, and blockchain ensures trust and transparency. Case studies from Amazon, Maersk, Walmart, and Pfizer illustrate improvements in efficiency, risk reduction, and cost savings. Additionally, challenges like high costs, data privacy, and lack of standardization are discussed, along with future trends in edge computing, quantum computing, and digital twins. The study highlights AI, IoT, and blockchain as essential to building smarter, adaptable supply chains capable of thriving in today's global economy.
The Role of Technology in Enhancing Social Sustainability
Authors: Selvakumar P.
Published: January 2025

Social sustainability has emerged as a critical dimension of sustainable development, emphasizing the need for societal well-being and equity in the context of environmental and economic sustainability. It encompasses the interplay between social systems, human rights, community dynamics, and the resilience of societies. Unlike its economic and environmental counterparts, which often dominate discussions about sustainability, social sustainability focuses on the social fabric that holds communities together. This includes factors such as equity, social cohesion, cultural identity, and community engagement, all of which are vital for fostering resilient and thriving societies. The challenge lies in integrating these social dimensions with broader sustainability goals to create holistic approaches that address the complexities of contemporary social issues. This requires a deep understanding of social justice, access to resources, and the recognition of diverse identities and experiences within a community.
Localised intravascular coagulation in a patient with venous malformations:  A case report
Authors: Somaratne Indika , Weerakoon Udara , Obayasekara Rajendra
Published: January 2025

Venous malformations are the most frequently seen slow-flow vascular malformations. Localised intravascular coagulation (LIC) is a recognised coagulation abnormality associated with venous malformations and can cause local pain and thrombosis. Various factors, including invasive procedures, can trigger severe LIC, which can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Lack of awareness about LIC, and misdiagnosis lead to poor patient outcomes. There is no published data from Sri Lanka on the management of patients with LIC. Here, we report a case of severe LIC in a patient with extensive venous malformations triggered by surgery, leading to severe bleeding that was successfully managed with heparin.
Predicting the potential geographic distribution of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in Ethiopia based on MaxEnt ecological niche model: implication for conservation
Authors: Assefa Alembrhan , Girmay Teklay
Published: January 2025

Predictive species distribution models allow identifying suitable areas of animal for their conservation. Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) is an endemic primate species to Ethiopia, and the exact distribution ranges and suitable habitats of this species are not well known due to limited surveys. The species distribution model was prepared using MaxEnt to predict the potential geographic distribution and to identify the environmental factors that influence the distribution of gelada in Ethiopia. To prepare the model, 23 occurrence records of the species were used along with 20 climatic and topographic variables. The results show that the distribution of gelada is influenced by climatic and non-climatic variables. The minimum temperature of coldest month, altitude and mean temperature of driest quarter were the most important predictor variables. The predictive map of the species shows that high habitat suitability is found in the northern highlands (a majority in the Amhara region and few parts of the Tigray region) and in the central highlands (Oromia region). The present study indicates that gelada has a potential distribution in the highlands of Ethiopia, and this requires further exploration for conservation and management.
Unruptured Pre-nidal Aneurysm Associated with AVM: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Demonstrating the Dilemma in Management and Feasibility of Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Zeya Monirah , Setia Vikrant , Bhandargar Dinesh , Singh Daljit
Published: January 2025

AVM-associated aneurysms have been shown to increase the risk of rupture and are present in 18% of AVMs. Patients with flow-related aneurysms in association with an AVM may present with haemorrhage from either lesion. We present the case of a 20y gentleman presenting with 3rd nerve palsy and hemiparesis. Imaging showed ruptured left temporal AVM, with feeders from branches of left MCA and Left Posterior communicating artery and draining into transverse-sigmoid sinus. There was an associated aneurysm at the origin of Left Pcom artery which was supplying the AVM. Coiling of the Pcom aneurysm and embolisation of AVM using lipidol and NBCA was done in the same setting. AVM management is complex and multidisciplinary. The difficulty in this case resided in assessing the need for intervention and choice of treatment modality for each distinct disease process, along with the timing of each of these relative to each other. As there is a paucity of previously documented cases and pathogenesis underlying this association is not clearly understood, there is no agreement on best management. This paper puts light on ruptured AVM complicated by pre-nidal aneurysm, and reviews literature detailing its management and the associated challenges encountered during treatment.
Ruptured Dissecting Aneurysm of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm Managed with Flow Diversion: Diagnostic and Interventional Challenge
Authors: Baskararaj Sriviruthi , Nagarajan Krishnan , Gopikrishnan Rajasekar
Published: January 2025

Vertebral dissecting aneurysms with or without involvement of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are uncommon. They can be managed either by open surgical or endovascular approaches. With the former bearing risk of brainstem injury and lower cranial nerve palsy, the endovascular approaches have attracted attention, but the results of which are not well established. We present the case of a 54-year-old female with modified Fisher Grade 4 subarachnoid haemorrhage. Imaging revealed a fusiform-saccular dissecting aneurysm in the proximal medullary segment of the dominant left PICA. The aneurysm was treated with a low-profile flow-diverter placement with preservation of the parent artery. There was no intraprocedural or immediate post-procedural complication including brainstem infarcts. However, the patient succumbed 2 weeks later due to expanding intracranial haematoma probably due to anti-platelet medication and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
A Simple and Cost-effective Hand Rest for Microneurosurgery
Authors: Sharma Raghvendra Kumar , Agrawal Mohit , Janu Vikas , Gosal Jaskaran Singh , Jha Deepak Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background:

The need of a handrest in neurovascular surgeries is more justified than any other subspecialties of neurosurgery. Authors have been using a simple and cost-effective handrest for microneurosurgery and share the details of the same.

Materials and Methods:

A detachable upper segment of a ‘cardiac trolley’, used in an intensive care unit (ICU), was made consisting of a ‘L’- shaped stainless steel (SS) frame (each arm 2 feet long, square SS pipe of 1 inch × 1 inch) and 0.5 cm × 15 cm × 60 cm Aluminium Composite Panel sheet. After use, it was replaced again by the original top of the cardiac trolley for its regular use in the ICU.

Results:

The movable handrest with adjustable height has vertical support on one side only. It allows it to be easily placed in the surgical field without affecting the surgeon’s legs. It effectively supports the elbow or forearm as per the surgeon’s choice merely by changing its height. Authors have been using it for about 5 years for microneurosurgery and find it most useful during aneurysm surgeries, especially during dissection around the aneurysm neck. The cost of the handrest attachment for the cardiac trolley was approximately 5 USD.

Conclusion:

The utility of handrest for microneurosurgery has long been established. It can be used as a handrest only during surgery after which, it can be kept in the ICU for regular use as a cardiac trolley. A cost-effective and simple-to-make handrest will be useful for neurosurgeons working in resource-constrained setups, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Wernicke Syndrome with Cerebellar Involvement on MRI: An Atypical Presentation
Authors: Amine Mnaili Mohamed , Zakaria Toufgua , Abdennasser El Kharras , Ahmed Bourazza
Published: January 2025

Gayet–Wernicke encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric emergency due to thiamine deficiency (Vitamin B1), secondary to several factors. This represents a prototype of metabolic encephalopathies. This is a consequence of malnutrition with Vitamin B1 deficiency. The diagnostic is mainly clinical and the treatment must be started as soon as possible using parenteral thiamine. We report a case of Gayet–Wernicke encephalopathy in a 29-year-old woman who did not consume alcoholic beverages, presenting with balance disorder after uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy. The classic triad of symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging played an important role, in particular, in the diagnosis of Gayet–Wernicke encephalopathy. Our case illustrates that Wernicke’s encephalopathy may have atypical imaging manifestations.
Mirror Aneurysms of the Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Duraisamy Prasanth , Radhakrishnan Raghavendran
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Intracranial aneurysms are bulge in the wall of the intracranial artery and are the most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), accounting for 85% of SAH. Intracranial mirror aneurysms (MirAns) are aneurysms located in similar positions on the bilaterally symmetrical arteries. MirAns are rare and make-up approximately <5% of all intracranial aneurysms. Based on the literature evidence, our study was the first case series amongst supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) MirAns.

Case Report:

We present two cases with mirror-type aneurysms arising from the supraclinoid segments of ICA. Both cases are managed with single-stage microsurgical clipping of both aneurysms. A brief review of the literature has been based on the available evidence.

Conclusion:

As MirAns are rare, further research into this field is needed to analyse the geographic variation, pathogenesis and management strategy. Based on our experience single staged clipping of Bilateral MiAns are recommended. The Aneurysm that has ruptured or the bigger sized is clipped first followed by the other one. We also noted that there is no visual hindrance by the initial clip on clipping the second, in our series of supraclinoid MirAns.
Supra-clinoid Aneurysms: Diversity in Presentation and Technical Considerations in Clipping
Authors: Duraisamy Prasanth , Radhakrishnan Raghavendran , Balamurugan S.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

We present various modes of clinical presentations, angiographic variations to envision the difficulties in clipping of supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysmal neck and improve the post-operative outcome.

Methodology:

We conducted a retrospective analytical study at the Institute of Neurosurgery, MMC, from 2017 to 2022. Out of 175 patients with aneurysms managed with clipping, 35 (20%) patients were diagnosed with supraclinoid aneurysms. Thirty-one patients presented with ruptured aneurysm and 4 with unruptured aneurysm.

Results:

Aneurysmal clippings were performed in 35 patients, with female preponderance (3:1) and mean age being 55.6 years, mean Glasgow Coma Scale being 12. Ruptured aneurysm is seen in 31 patients, of which 14 patients underwent pre-operative CSF diversion procedures. The mean neck size was 2.8 mm.

Conclusion:

For supraclinoid ICA aneurysm surgery, meticulous pre-operative planning and careful study of angiographic findings are essential to foresee the various difficulties in clipping.
Simultaneous Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematomas with Intracerebral and Intraventricular Hemorrhages: Coincidental or Causal?
Authors: Krishnan Prasad , Das Sayan
Published: January 2025

Remote intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is known to occur following the rapid evacuation of a subdural haematoma (SDH). Similarly, an acute unilateral SDH can occur when a surfacing lobar ICH bursts through the pia-arachnoid into the subdural space. However, the simultaneous occurrence of bilateral chronic SDH with ICH has not been hitherto described. We describe an 80-year-old patient who was found at admission to have bilateral frontoparietal chronic SDHs with a concomitant left-sided ICH and intraventricular haemorrhage and hypothesise whether the latter could be the result of the former or if both may be resultant to a common systemic pathology.
Microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): A cross-sectional study from Syria
Authors: Khalil KA , Alsultan M , Daher NA
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile and their antibiotic spectrum in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and investigate the risk factors for VAP and the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was included 105 patients with clinically suspected VAP in intensive care units (ICUs) of two university hospitals from Syria, between January 2023 and February 2024. Culture-positive included 69 samples (65.7%), which were classified based on post-intubation as early-onset (<5 days) or late-onset (≥5 days).

Results:

Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were observed in 82.6% and 17.4%; respectively. Early and late-onset VAP was reported in 30 (43.5%) and 39 (56.5%) patients; respectively. The primary cause of early-onset VAP was Acinetobacter and Enterobacter, whereas Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were the main causes of late-onset VAP. Gram-negative showed a high resistance to fluoroquinolones (91.2%), carbapenems (78.9% for imipenem and 86% for meropenem), and amikacin (83.2%), while all were sensitive to colistin. Gram-positive was sensitive to tetracycline, vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MDR was observed in 55 patients (79.7%) and in early (76.9%) and late-onset (83.3%) VAP. There were no risk factors favoring MDR or early compared to late-onset VAP.

Conclusions:

The study revealed a high prevalence of Gram-negative among VAP patients. A significant prevalence of MDR pathogens was observed in early and late-onset VAP, along with high resistance to carbapenems. This necessitates a reassessment of the current use of antibiotics and highlights the need for further studies to choose alternative treatments for empirical antibiotic coverage.
Evaluation of factors affecting the success of non invasive mechanical ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in the emergency department
Authors: Urgancı Özge Akdemir , Altuncı Yusuf Ali , Uz İlhan , Akarca Funda Karbek
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) failure in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) diagnosed in the emergency department.

METHODS:

This study was prospectively conducted at the Ege University Faculty of Medicine ED between February 19, 2021 and December 01, 2021. Patients who received NIMV with ACPE were included. Patients’ clinical and laboratory parameters, treatments, NIMV mode, and settings were recorded. The primary endpoint was NIMV failure (intubation within 24 h). Secondary endpoints were early NIMV failure, early mortality (within 24 h), and in-hospital mortality. Early NIMV failure was defined as follows: if the patient had a respiratory rate of more than 25 per minute, oxygen saturation below 90%, PaCO2 >50 mmHg in blood gas, and pH <7.35, 1 h after starting NIMV.

RESULTS:

Out of 347 patients in this study, 34 (10.7%) of them intubated within 24 h. Female sex percentage was 48.7%. Median age was 73 years. Risk factors for NIMV failure were respiratory rate >40.5, systolic blood pressure <122.5 mmHg, Glasgow Coma Score <14, pH <7.21, lactate level >5.2 mmol/L, base excess <−4.5 mmol/L, B-type natriuretic peptide level >3007 pg/mL (respectively area under the curve values; 0.723, 0.693, 0.739, 0.721, 0.690, 0.698, and 0.616).

CONCLUSION:

Signs of hypoperfusion such as low systolic blood pressure (<122.5 mmHg) and high lactate (lactate level >5.2 mmol/L) are risk factors for NIMV failure. Evaluation of initial vital signs and arterial blood gas parameters is significantly important for prediction of NIMV success in ED.
High-risk electrocardiogram presentations in the acute coronary syndrome patient – Beyond ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Brady William J , Muck Andrew E. , Moak James H
Published: January 2025

This review considers high-risk electrocardiographic patterns in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patient; we review 7 electrocardiogram presentations lacking diagnostic criteria for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) yet likely representing either STEMI equivalent syndromes or ACS presentations with significant short-and long-term risk. The STEMI equivalent presentations include acute posterior wall myocardial infarction, the hyperacute T-wave of early STEMI, de Winter syndrome, first diagonal of the left anterior descending artery occlusion, and left bundle branch block modified Sgarbossa positive findings. High-risk presentation, not felt to be STEMI equivalent entities yet still possessing significant risk of short-and long-term adverse outcome, include lead aVR ST-segment elevation and Wellens syndrome. The features of each presentation, highlighting the electrocardiographic abnormalities, are presented and discussed.
Improved outcome prediction in acute pancreatitis with generated data and advanced machine learning algorithms
Authors: Özdede Murat , Batur Ali , Aksoy Alp Eren
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:

Traditional scoring systems have been widely used to predict acute pancreatitis (AP) severity but have limitations in predictive accuracy. This study investigates the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to improve predictive accuracy in AP.

METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted using data from 101 AP patients in a tertiary hospital in Türkiye. Data were preprocessed, and synthetic data were generated with Gaussian noise addition and balanced with the ADASYN algorithm, resulting in 250 cases. Supervised ML models, including random forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB), were trained, tested, and validated against traditional clinical scores (Ranson’s, modified Glasgow, and BISAP) using area under the curve (AUC), F1 score, and recall.

RESULTS:

RF outperformed XGB with an AUC of 0.89, F1 score of 0.82, and recall of 0.82. BISAP showed balanced performance (AUC = 0.70, F1 = 0.44, and recall = 0.85), whereas the Glasgow criteria had the highest recall but lower precision (AUC = 0.70, F1 = 0.38, and recall = 0.95). Ranson’s admission criteria were the least effective (AUC = 0.53, F1 = 0.42, and recall = 0.39), probable because it lacked the 48th h features.

CONCLUSION:

ML models, especially RF, significantly outperform traditional clinical scores in predicting adverse outcomes in AP, suggesting that integrating ML into clinical practice could improve prognostic assessments.
Modeling and advanced Ground Penetrating Radar techniques for evaluating pipe leakage and pavement distress
Authors: Reis Júnior João Andrade dos , da Rocha Herson Oliveira , Taniyama Maykon Masao Yano , Duarte Gildenilson Mendes , Miranda Diego da Costa , Lima-Filho Francisco Pinheiro
Published: January 2025

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data processing techniques for detecting water leakage in urban pavements. By examining GPR images characterized by continuous and discontinuous high-amplitude reflections, the research identifies clear indicators of water saturation caused by leaking underground pipes. Computer modeling of GPR profiles enables effective comparisons with real data and helps in calibrating key GPR attributes such as energy, amplitude variance, and RMS amplitude. These attributes allow for the precise delineation of leakage zones in both synthetic and real GPR datasets collected in the Amazon region of Brazil. The Reflector Tilt Method (RTM) significantly enhances GPR data analysis, especially for detecting subsurface water leaks. RTM utilizes changes in the relative dielectric constant and electromagnetic wave velocity induced by water saturation in unconsolidated, horizontally stratified sand layers. By analyzing the tilt of reflections in GPR profiles, RTM differentiates between dry and saturated zones, providing insights into the geometry and extent of water infiltration. Notably, this study demonstrates how increased subsurface water saturation causes underlying reflectors to tilt. Using the tilt angle, we propose a novel technique to quantify the increase in the dielectric constant due to water saturation. This technique could also be adapted to detect leaks involving other fluids, as long as there is a strong contrast between the dielectric constant and the background. The integration of RTM improves the creation of accurate three-dimensional models of affected areas, enhancing leak detection and aiding in understanding water movement dynamics within the subsurface. The study underscores the importance of combining GPR attributes with RTM to generate detailed 3D models of leakage zones, which are essential for estimating the volume of infiltrated areas. Observations indicate significant water saturation near leaking pipes at shallow depths, with saturation levels decreasing rapidly as depth increases. By identifying 2D geophysical signatures of water leaks in public distribution networks, the research highlights the effectiveness of non-invasive GPR methods in mitigating risks such as soil erosion and surface collapse. This approach demonstrates the utility of GPR attributes and RTM as essential tools for assessing urban pavement integrity, enabling early detection of leaks and precise mapping of affected zones. The findings contribute significantly to the efficient and sustainable management of urban infrastructure, enhancing maintenance strategies and reducing potential hazards associated with undetected fluid leaks.
Seismic Response Study Around the Bridge of the Lions, Chapultepec Forest, México City
Authors: Cárdenas-Soto Martín , Escobedo-Zenil David , Sánchez-González Jesús , Vidal-García Martín Carlos
Published: January 2025

The Bridge of the Lions, with its straps resting on two artificial slopes, serves as a pedestrian walkway for hundreds of Mexico City residents who visit the Chapultepec Forest daily. Ambient seismic noise results let us explain the bridge deterioration, a direct result of the local terrain subsidence. The site frequency, measured in the free field (1.14 Hz), matches the estimate on the bridge straps, indicating that the strap depth does not reach the firm layer. At 1.72 Hz, the bridge vibrates more vertically. This frequency is close to site frequency, suggesting soil-structure interaction effects. Also, the rotating analysis of HVSR functions in the bridge straps revealed a second peak of 1.64 Hz caused by vibration from the Av. Circuito Interior vehicle flow. The spectral analysis of virtual source sections obtained by the seismic Interferometry technique reveals that superficial materials have velocities similar to soft clays in the lake area (Vs < 150 m/s). A second layer of poorly consolidated clays (Vs 350 m/s) with significant lateral variation indicates that subsidence around the bridge is causing significant damage to the structure. According to this study, soil‑structure interaction effects are present, as the bridge foundations likely do not penetrate the most competent deep strata. This suggests that additional inquiry is necessary to assess the static and seismic response of the bridge.
Spatial data and GIS for the assessment of the environmental impact at Mount Etna
Authors: Mangiameli Michele , Cappello Annalisa , Mussumeci Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

One of the fundamental tasks for environmental impact assessment and natural risk management is the accurate and updated cataloging of road infrastructures and buildings. This is particularly important in volcanic areas, in order to predict the range of damage and disruption, and therefore losses and reconstruction costs that could result from an eruption. GIS allows immediate access to spatial data with the ability to overlay location-based information for easy interpretation, providing a critical tool for assessing and mitigating risk from natural phenomena. In this work, we present an innovative GIS‑based system for the identification of the values exposed to volcanic eruptions at Mount Etna, which can be used in both the readiness and response phases to a volcanic emergency. We carried out a precision mapping of buildings and road infrastructures on the flanks of the Etna volcano, giving particular attention to the exposed sensitive buildings (such as schools, barracks, hospitals, etc.) and to the construction and roofing characteristics. The result is an informative and dynamic platform that offers new opportunities and challenges to decision makers for the definition of both long‑term strategies, such as territorial planning, and short‑term strategies, for the prediction of the impact of eruptions or for managing evacuations during volcanic emergencies.
A Quasi-Stationary Approach to Metastability in a System of Spiking Neurons with Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: André Morgan , Pouzat Christophe
Published: January 2025

Final version, ready for publication in Mathematical Neuroscience and Applications

After reviewing the behavioral studies of working memory and of the cellular substrate of the latter, we argue that metastable states constitute candidates for the type of transient information storage required by working memory. We then present a simple neural network model made of stochastic units whose synapses exhibit short-term facilitation. The Markov process dynamics of this model was specifically designed to be analytically tractable, simple to simulate numerically and to exhibit a quasi-stationary distribution (QSD). Since the state space is finite this QSD is also a Yaglom limit, which allows us to bridge the gap between quasi-stationarity and metastability by considering the relative orders of magnitude of the relaxation and absorption times. We present first analytical results: characterization of the absorbing region of the Markov process, irreducibility outside this absorbing region and consequently existence and uniqueness of a QSD. We then apply Perron-Frobenius spectral analysis to obtain any specific QSD, and design an approximate method for the first moments of this QSD when the exact method is intractable. Finally we use these methods to study the relaxation time toward the QSD and establish numerically the memorylessness of the time of extinction.
School-Based Management in Improving the Quality of Education at Public Senior High Schools in West Aceh
Authors: Sadikin Ahmad , Murniati  , N. Usman
Published: January 2025

School-Based Management (SBM) is a policy shift from the central government to schools, granting them full responsibility over educational management. This approach significantly affects the quality of education. This study aims to describe and analyze SBM in improving education quality at Public Senior High Schools in West Aceh, using a qualitative case study approach. Participants include the principal, vice principals, class advisors, and administrative heads, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Findings indicate that the SBM program is aligned with the school's vision and mission, focusing on enhancing teacher competency and student learning quality. Implementation shows strong commitment and smooth program operation, though facility limitations present a challenge. The school culture supports student comfort and positive community relations, contributing to effective SBM outcomes. While SBM positively impacts school quality, challenges include limited facilities for developing student talents and low parental involvement. To address these, the principal plans regular evaluations, more diverse programs, and enhanced parental engagement.