bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High order caesarean section: Prevalence and maternal morbidity at Nishtar Hospital Multan.
Authors: Asma Akhtar  , Saira Ayub  , Humaira Bashir  , Waqas Ahmad  , Fariha Shaukat
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence and morbidity associated with high order caesarean section (HOCS). Study Design: Descriptive Study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan. Period: January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Material & Methods: A prospective study of all the patients who underwent four or more C-section were included. Maternal morbidity was the primary study objective. The data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 19. Results: A total of 7390 caesarean sections were performed, out of these 240 patients (3.24%) underwent HOCS. Two women had their 6th caesarean, while 12 women had their fifth caesarean. There was no maternal death. Most common complications were postpartum haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion (25.8%), obstetric hysterectomy (6.25%), bladder injury requiring repair (5%) and wound dehiscence and wound infection (2.5%). Conclusion: HOCS is associated with increased maternalMmorbidity although there was no mortality. Indications for primary caesarean section should be reviewed to reduce repeat caesarean sections. Moreover, counselling on different methods of contraception during visits to antenatal clinics should be done to limit family size.
The effect of sodium hypochlorite disinfectant on the linear dimensional stability of alginate impression material.
Authors: Junaid Altaf  , Muhammad Haider Amin Malik  , Sana Chaudry  , Muhammad Asif Mushtaq  , M. Usman Munir  , Asif Ali Shah
Published: September 2022

Objective: To compare changes, in linear dimension of Alginate impression by disinfection with immersion in 0.525% Sodium Hypochlorite solution and no disinfection. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics, Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore. Period: April 2018 to September 2018. Material & Methods: Sixty alginate impressions were made of a stainless steel die and were randomly divided into two groups. The 30 control group impressions were poured only after rinsing with tap water, whereas the 30 experimental group impressions were first immersed in 0.525% Sodium Hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes and then poured after rinsing with tap water. The distance between two engraved lines C and D on die were measured in the casts of both groups. Results: The mean difference of mean dimensional changes between both methods was 0.01mm. Conclusion: The disinfection of the alginate impression material by immersion in 0.525% Sodium Hypochlorite solution does not cause significant effect on dimensional stability of alginate impression material.
A comparison of the outcome of Gun Shot Wounds with and without skin closure in terms of wound healing time and wound infection.
Authors: Ahmed Siddique Ammar  , Ahmed Usman Khalid  , Qandeela Irum Qureshi  , Farwa Inayat  , Azwa Munim Janjua  , Affifa Liaquat
Published: September 2022

Objective: To compare the outcome of Gun Shot Wounds with and without skin closure in terms of wound healing time and wound infection. Study Design: Comparative Study. Setting: East Surgical Ward Mayo Hospital Lahore Pakistan. Period: 6 Months (from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020). Material & Methods: Sample size of 300 patients was used by consecutive convenient non probability sampling. Patients were divided into Group A and Group B with 150 patients in each group by lottery method. Group A patients underwent wound debridement and primary skin closure while group B patients underwent wound debridement and wound packing. Outcome was measured in terms of wound healing time and wound infection 24 and 48 hours post operatively. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Two hundred and fourteen (n=214,71.33 %) patients were male and 86 (28.66 %) were female with mean age of 32 ± 7.56 years. The wound healing time in Group A patients was 6 days ± 2.18 days while in group B it was 13 days ± 3.87 days (P value 0.01). After 24 hours, Frequency of wound infection was 43 (14.3%) in Group A patients while 31(10.3%) in Group B patients (P value = 0.19). Similarly, after 48 hours wound infection rate was 17 (5.6%) in Group A while 11 (3.6%) in Group B (P value = 0.42). Conclusion: Applying skin stiches on Gun Shot Wounds after sufficient debridement and irrigation leads to early healing of the wound.
Histopathological changes due to Gold Kushta in kidneys of Wistar Rats.
Authors: Saadia Raza  , Sadaf Shafique  , Raees Abbas Lail  , Syed Saad Gardezi  , Sakina Jamil  , A.H. Nagi
Published: September 2022

Objective: To evaluate the histopathological effects of Gold Kushta in kidneys of Wistar rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal. Period: 1st of July 2019 till 31st December 2019. Material & Methods: The experimental study was conducted on a total of 28 wistar rats of 6 – 8 weeks of age and weighing 200 – 250 grams which were then randomly divided into 4 groups each containing 7 rats. The groups were labelled as G I, II, III and IV. These groups were given preparations of gold in the form of kushta for a period of 8 weeks. The gold kushta was given in the form of pellets. Group I was taken as Control, G II was given single dose kushta 0.15 mg and G III was given double dose kushta 0.3mg on alternate days. Group IV was given a single dose of BSA (bovine serum albumin) 75mg (250mg/kg body wt) at the start of experiment and Gold kushta 0.3 mg on alternate days. Histopathological changes were then seen in mesangium, capillary walls and tubules of kidneys of wistar rats. Results: All the parameters were normal in Group 1 while in Groups II, III and IV mesangial proliferation was increased and more diffuse with thickened capillary walls. The cellularity was normal in Group 1 rats but it increased in all the rats of Groups II, III and IV. Mesangial proliferation was greatest in Group IV. None of the rats in Group 1 had epithelial necrosis, dilatation or casts. Epithelial necrosis, dilatation and protein casts were all seen in most of the rats in Groups II, III and IV. Conclusion: Thus, gold kushta has detrimental effects over kidneys of wistar rats. These effects are thus increased by concomitant exposure to bovine serum albumin.
An assessment of cervical ripening with evening primrose oil: An obstetrical review
Authors: Zubaida Masood  , Fauzia Ali  , Rahilla Imtiaz  , Aisha Khatoon  , Mehwish Fatima  , Jarry Masood
Published: September 2022

Objective: To compare cervical ripening in women having evening primrose oil with those not taking it. Study Design: Retrospective Cohort study. Setting: Department of Obs & Gynae, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. Period: July 2018 to April 2021. Material & Method: Patients were divided into 2 groups, one having evening primrose oil (EPO) 1gm twice daily from 37 weeks till labor, given by her previous birth attendant. Another group was without using evening primrose oil. Both were examined for cervical ripening by bishop score, length of labour and then for need for cesarean section. Statistical plan: SPSS 20. Results:  BISHOP score for EPO group (6.1) vs non-EPO group (4.3) was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). EPO have soft cervical consistency (73.5%), followed by medium (10.2%) and firm (16.3%) while non EPO have firm consistency (41.2%) followed by soft (37.3%) and medium (21.6%). The differences was statistically significant (p-value=0.001). The average length of labor for EPO group was 7.7 hours (±2.5 SD) and Non-EPO was 8.4 hours (±2.4 SD), statistically insignificant. The mode of delivery wasn’t statistically significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: EPO tend to have soft cervical consistency. However mode of delivery between EPO group and Non-EPO group did not have any significant difference.
Anatomical variations of sacral hiatus and its associations.
Authors: Samia Khalid Khokhar  , Aisha Qamar  , Saneed Khaliq  , Aisha Mehwish  , Ahmed Ali  , Shabih Zehra
Published: September 2022

Objective: To compare anatomy of sacral hiatus between the genders of case and control groups. To determine significance of hiatal variations between the genders of cases and controls. Study Design: Case-control study. Setting: PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi. Period: January 2020 to June 2020. Material & Methods: Total of 178 participants aged 18-65 years were enrolled in the study. Approval was taken from Ethical Review Committee of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC). Participants were arranged into case and control groups. The hiatus and its dimensions were identified on lumbosacral spine radiographs inferior to the sacral spine using spinous and alar processes. Data was recorded in subject evaluation proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The V shaped hiatus was more prevalent in males, whereas in females it was U. The most common variant was the irregular shape. The hiatal apex in males was at S3. In females it was at S2. The base was seen at S5 in both genders. The mean length, anteroposterior diameter and transverse width of the hiatus was more in males as compared to females. The mean values of all parameters were less in cases as compared to controls. Conclusion: The V shaped sacral hiatus were most prevalent in males, whereas U shape in females. The hiatal apex was at a lower level in males, whereas the level of base was similar in both genders. The hiatus was shorter in cases of backache in both genders as compared to controls. The anteroposterior diameter and width were also less in cases as compared to the healthy controls.
Survey of assessment of teaching learning methods for physiology among undergraduate medical students at a university.
Authors: Rabia Siddiqui  , Saif Ullah Shaikh  , Lalarukh Munawar  , Iram Saddiqa  , Muhammad Faisal Fahim
Published: September 2022

Objective: To assess preference of first year MBBS students about teaching learning strategy used in Physiology course. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC). Period: October-December 2019. Material & Methods: A detailed questionnaire was given to the students of first year MBBS aged 19-21 years. Results: The ideal teaching method for learning physiology was found to be tutorials (70%). The ideal teaching aid for understanding physiology was agreed by (45%) of the students to be white board and marker followed by power point presentation (25%). The ideal duration of time for a lecture found to be was 45 minutes (55%). The ideal duration of time for a small group discussion was 45 minutes (60%) and preferred time slots for lectures was early morning 9am to 10:30am which was agreed by most of the students (80%) and for tutorials was 11am-1pm which was agreed by (55%) of the students. Preferred timeslot for lab skills was agreed by (35%) of students to be at 2-4pm. (80%) of students agreed that the most preferred quality of teacher as perceived by students is their ability to teach followed by knowledge (70%). Conclusion: This study results conclude that students prefer student centered teaching learning strategies in order to learn physiology.
Is nerve bundle hypertrophy a reliable criteria for diagnosing Hirschsprung disease? A case control study using Calretinin as an adjunct tool for confirming Hirschsprung disease.
Authors: Ayesha Sarwar  , Maryam Qaiser  , Aisha Akbar  , Muhammad Ashraf  , Tehseen Rafaqat  , Humera Javed
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of nerve bundle hypertrophy in aganglionic segments in relation to the site of biopsy, along with the assessment of value of Calretinin immunostaining in the diagnosis of suspected cases of Hirschsprung disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Islamabad. Period: September 2018 to March 2019. Material & Methods: After routine tissue processing colonic biopsies were examined for presence of ganglion cells and hypertrophic nerve presence or absence. Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease was based on the absence of ganglion cells in submucosal and myenteric plexus, the presence or absence of hypertrophic nerves (more than 4 nerves >30 µm thick/×200 field or more than 2 nerves >40 µm thick/×200 field) was also noted in all cases of Hirschsprung disease (aganglionic segments). Calretinin immunostaining was applied to all the cases and controls and findings were recorded as positive or negative staining. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Qualitative data was calculated as frequencies and percentages. Pearson Chi square test was used to establish the association of nerve bundle hypertrophy with the site of biopsy. Results: Total biopsies were 60; 30 each from ganglionic and aganglionic segments. Calretinin sensitivity in our study was 90%, specificity 83.3%. In 30 cases of aganglionosis hypertrophic nerves were present in 13(21.7%) and they were absent in 17 (28.3%). No significant association (p value= 0.447) was seen in nerve bundle hypertrophy and site of biopsy. Conclusion: Calretinin immunohistochemistry can be used as a reliable ancillary technique in the diagnosis of HD. Aganglionosis may not always be associated with submucosal nerve hypertrophy which alone should not be used as a criteria for HD diagnosis but instead adjunct methods like Calretinin immunostaining must be utilized to confirm presence or absence of ganglion cells. There is no association of nerve hypertrophy with site of biopsy.
Examining the morphological processes in the formation of Tupuri nominals
Authors: Ndikoua Ngaidandi
Published: September 2022

The current work examines the morphological processes that are observable in the formation of nominals in Tupuri, a Niger-Congo language spoken in the South West of Chad and in the North of the Republic of Cameroon. Structuralism was adopted as a theoretical approach in this paper. Forty (40) native speakers of ɓāŋlíŋ dialect, i.e. eight (8) from each of towns/villages Sere, Dawa, Mindaore, Lale, and Guwe were randomly selected to collect data based on a Swadesh words-list. The data revealed that the formation of nominals in Tupuri language is characterized by pre-fixation, suffixation, total reduplication, partial reduplication, total modification, and partial modification, which include subtraction and neutralization. Furthermore, compounding is another process that characterizes the formation of nouns in Tupuri language.
The effect of adding NaOH and fermentation time on Robusta coffee husk (Coffea canephora) bioethanol production with SSF (Simultaneous Sachraffication and Fermentation) method
Authors: Intan Fatma Listiandari  , Nuniek Herdyastuti
Published: September 2022

Robusta coffee husk is one of the largest agricultural wastes and contains lignocellulose as a raw material for bioethanol production. Lignin in Robusta coffee husk can interfere with the enzymatic hydrolysis process, so a delignification process using NaOH solution is needed to remove it. This research aimed to determine the effect of adding NaOH and fermentation time on the bioethanol production from Robusta coffee husks using the SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) method. Removal of lignin using NaOH with various concentrations of 6, 8, and 10% and fermentation time for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents in the delignification results were tested using the Chesson method. The saccharification and fermentation steps used cellulase enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioethanol levels were analyzed using GCMS. The results showed that the optimal concentration of NaOH to remove lignin was 10% which generated 17.40% lignin content, 20.81% cellulose, and 3.79% hemicellulose. The highest bioethanol content was 100% obtained with a fermentation time of 72 hours. The data showed that adding of NaOH and fermentation time affected bioethanol production.
PENYULUHAN ERGONOMI PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI FAKULTAS KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GRESIK
Authors: Inayah Zufra , Budiono Nugrahadi Dwi Pasca , Mayandari Wahidah Romadloni , Nisa Kholisatun
Published: September 2022

Keadaan new normal menuntut pembelajaran dalam jaringan (daring) sebagai solusi dalam pencapaian  pembelajaran yang optimal. Keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran daring harus diimbangi dengan pengetahuan ergonomi sehingga tidak menimbulkan keluhan nyeri pada otot rangka, kelelahan mata dan kerusakan mata, kecemasan dan stress serta resiko obesitas. Sehingga kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk peningkatan pengetahuan ergonomi pada pembelajaran daring. Metode menggunakan pendekatan waktu cross sectional dengan populasi sejumlah 189 mahasiswa. Analisis uji yang dipakai T-Test Paired. Pengetahuan ergonomi pada mahasiswa setelah dilakukan penyuluhan mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan p=0,000 dan pada materi isu ergonomi hampir semua 98,36% menjawab dengan benar dan tips posisi ergonomis dalam daring hampir semua 90,16 % menjawab benar. Diharapakan pembelajaran melalui daring dapat terlaksana dengan baik, sehingga keluhan nyeri otot rangka, kelelahan mata dan stress dapat dicegah dengan baik.
Strategi Pemasaran Dalam Pandangan Syariah
Authors: Julialevi Karina Odia , Wawan Ade
Published: September 2022

Bisnis merupakan kegiatan yang membutuhkan pemahaman yang cermat, dimulai dari perencanaan hingga operasi yang akan dilakukan nanti pada tahap implementasi, monitoring dan evaluasi. Satu langkah penting yang bisa dilakukan pebisnis adalah merencanakan strategi, sehingga tujuannya mulailah bisnis anda untuk mendapat keuntungan dan kemakmuran. Sebuah strategi yang bisa dilakukan penerapannya dalam bisnis adalah strategi marketing pemasaran. Beginilah strategi dan cara menerapkan strategi produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi. Produk yang dibuat harus halal dan berkualitas serta dibutuhkan masyarakat. Hal tersebut sangat penting bagi para pebisnis untuk mempertimbangkannya. Harga produk juga menjadi masalah serius. Kelola dengan baik agar masuk akal, kompetitif serta bebas riba. promosi dirancang untuk mendorong pembelian dengan menciptakan kesan positif bagi pembeli suatu produk yang dibujuk konsumen untuk membeli tanpa menipu. Tempat juga dapat di definisikan sebagai lokasi perusahaan. Lokasi perusahaan atau bisnis organisasi harus mudah diakses oleh public, misalnya di dekat pusat perbelanjaan, dan seterusnya, untuk mencegah spekulan melakukan intersepsi sebelum melakukan penjualan. Para pelaku bisnis harus bisa memilih tempat yang mewakili perusahaan dan dapat diakses oleh publik.
Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Pramono Hadi , Fakhruddin Iwan , Hapsari Ira
Published: September 2022

This study purpose to empirically examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Financial Performance on Firm Value. Company value is an assessment of public trust in a company which is reflected in the stock price. The higher the value of the company, the level of prosperity of shareholders also increases. Company value is measured using Tobin's Q, CSR is measured using content analysis, and ROA measures financial performance. Using the purposive sampling method, the research sample is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018-2021. The results of the study indicate that CSR and Financial Performance have a positive effect on firm value.
The Liability of Unilateral Termination by Government on Goods and Service Procurement Contract
Authors: Anton Cahyono  , Ninis Nugraheni  , Mokhamad Khoirul Huda
Published: September 2022

The increasing development in Indonesia, particularly the development of public facilities and infrastructures makes many public contracts, commonly called governmental goods and service contract, increase as well. It is a contract which one of the parties involves the government. In Indonesia, goods and service procurement contracts are not always well-conducted as expected. Lawsuits, which one of those is the liability from one party, may reveal in such contracts. Therefore, this study would discuss about an issue of unilateral contract termination on good-and-service procurement contract along with its solution. Referring to legal regulation related to governmental good-and-service procurement contract, President’s Regulation No. 54 Year 2010 on Governmental Goods and service Procurement and had been amended by President’s Regulation No. 4 Year 2015 about the Forth Amandment of President’s Regulation No. 54 Year 2010 about Governmental Goods and service Procurement.
False Spring in the Southeastern European Russia and Anomalies of the Phenology of Spawing Migrations of the Pallas’ Spadefoot Toad Pelobates vespertinus (Pelobatidae, Amphibia)
Authors: Yermokhin Mikhail V. , Tabachishin Vasily G.
Published: September 2022

In March 2020, an anomalously early start of the spawning migrations of Pelobates vespertinus was established in the Medveditsa River valley. Males of this species, emerging from a state of hibernation, were observed in the shallow waters of the lake Troynoye on March 13, one month ahead of the long-term mean date over the past 30 years and almost two weeks before the earliest recorded date. From 1892 to 1990 the phenological scenario of a false spring was realized six times only, while seven times — over the past 30 years (1991 – 2020). A second feature of the development of spring processes by the type of false spring in 1990 – 2020 is repeated recurrence of return cooling. The emergence of discreteness (discontinuity) of the spawning migration period against the background of early development of spring processes and repeated periods of return cold is a relatively new feature of the phenology of anuran amphibians. The cumulative proportion of P. vespertinus males arriving at their spawning biotopes from the first to the fifth day from the date of the start of spawning migrations of the species increases on mean (median) from 4 to 38% of the total number of mature males. In 2014, an abrupt change in the proportion of males who came to spawning biotopes during the first five days was found: in 2009 – 2013 was less than a quarter of the total number of males (15 – 23%), and in 2014 – 2017 it was half or more (43 – 70%). Consequences of such phenological abnormalities can become an additional factor in reducing the reproductive success of P. vespertinus and degradation of their local populations. In addition, the abnormal development of spring processes requires correction of census technique and analysis of the sex structure of P. vespertinus populations.
IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA NA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS DISCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM NO CONTEXTO DA COVID-19
Authors: Macêdo Daianny Paes Landim , Silva Dayla Damires Nogueira Santos , Magalhães Juliana Macêdo , Batista Pedro Venicius de Sousa , Amorim Fernanda Cláudia Miranda , Carvalho Cláudia Maria Sousa de , Gonçalves Bruno Macêdo
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Investigar os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 na saúde mental dos discentes de enfermagem e avaliar a relação entre o evento e os indicadores para transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT). Método: estudo exploratório, analítico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra estudada foi constituída por 164 estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, matriculado no curso de Enfermagem, convidado por meio eletrônico, que responderam ao questionário on-line sobre dados sociodemográficos, percepção de risco pela pandemia COVID-19 e sintomas de estresse pós-traumático avaliados pela Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) em sua versão brasileira validada. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes eram da faixa etária de 18 a 23 anos (70,8%), do sexo feminino (91,5%), sem filhos (86%), residem com 2 a 4 pessoa (75%).  51,2% apresentam indicação alta para TEPT, 14,0% apresentam preocupação clínica para TEPT. Houve associação do escore da IES-R com a idade, quantidade de filhos e quantidade de pessoas com quem reside. Conclusão: O evento da pandemia da Covid-19 provocou um impacto na saúde mental dos discentes de Enfermagem, com uma elevada classificação de participantes com indicação alta para TEPT. Esses dados são importantes para futuras intervenções psicológicas e pedagógicas entre estudantes.
Conceptualizing and Contextualizing Fairness Standards, Issues, and Solutions Across Professional Fields in Education and Psychology
Authors: Jonson Jessica L. , Geisinger Kurt F.
Published: September 2022

This idea for the book that this chapter introduces originated at a research meeting supported by an AERA grant to discuss issues and solutions regarding fairness in testing according to the 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education, 2014) across different professional disciplines in education and psychology. The Standards is a critical guide for testing practice, but the emerging importance of fairness considerations calls for a greater engagement with the concept and the contexts in which fairness in testing issues can occur. The book attempts to provide a broad sampling of perspectives from researchers and practitioners in different professional fields to identify how future research, practice, and future editions of the Standards should be shaped to conceptualize fairness and address fairness issues as they occur in context.
Broadening the Reach of the Fairness Standards
Authors: Herman Joan L. , Cook Linda L.
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers how the influence of the fairness standards could be increased by consideration of stakeholder needs. It begins with background on the fairness standards, their rationale, and core definitions, and then moves to consider potential target audiences for the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education, 2014). It describes the roles that these audiences play in the development, evaluation, and use of assessments and draws implications from those roles for the use of the Standards. After presenting examples of tailoring the fairness standards to stakeholder roles and interests for researchers, teachers, and policy makers, the chapter ends with recommendations for developing the next edition of the Standards. Recommendations stress the need to create versions and communications that are customized to stakeholder needs.
Fairness in Testing: Accessibility in a New Educational Context
Authors: Thurlow Martha L.
Published: September 2022

The 2014 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education) dramatically increased the role of fairness in ensuring technically adequate assessments. Yet it did so at a time when the field was making leaps forward in its thinking about accessible assessments. This chapter explores shifts in policy and thinking about accessible assessments in the K–12 education system. It discusses the meaning of accessibility for all students rather than just those who need accommodations and modifications. It also identifies test-taking populations not explicitly addressed in the Standards, as well as the impact of expectations and opportunity to learn in research about accessible assessments. The chapter concludes with lessons learned over time about what an inclusive assessment is for students with disabilities.
Fertility Preservation in Oncological Patients
Authors: Zaami Simona , Stark Michael
Published: September 2022

Background: Lately, attention is given to fertility preservation in reproductive-age patients undergoing oncological treatment. This should become a routine part of today’s assisted reproductive technologies. Methods: Available oncofertility preservation methods, next to their clinical, ethical and legal implications are discussed, within the context of the right to health and its broader aspects as delineated in the 1946 Constitution of the World Health Organization. Results: Possible egg and sperm freezing. as well as ovarian tissue cryopreservation, should always be explained and suggested to fertility-age patients before starting oncological treatment. Sperm, oocyte, and embryo cryopreservation should become standard practice. Conclusions: All ethical, cultural, and moral aspects of fertility preservation in cancer patients are multifaceted and need to rely on principles that are based on widely-accepted guidelines and evidence-based practices. Adequate policy, legislation, and regulations should be agreed upon and implemented.
A Multidisciplinary Hypothesis about Serotonergic Psychedelics. Is it Possible that a Portion of Brain Serotonin Comes From the Gut?
Authors: Császár-Nagy Noémi , Bob Petr , Bókkon István
Published: September 2022

Here we present a complex hypothesis about the psychosomatic mechanism of serotonergic psychedelics. Serotonergic psychedelics affect gut microbes that produce a temporary increase of 5-HT by their host enterochromaffin cells (ECs). This increased 5-HT production—which is taken up and distributed by platelets—may work as a hormone-like regulatory signal that could influence membrane permeability in the host organs and tissues and in the brain. Increased plasma 5-HT levels could enhance permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Transiently increased permeability of the BBB allows for plasma 5-HT to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and be distributed by the volume transmission. Next, this gut-derived 5-HT could modulate excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and produce special network disintegration in the CNS. This transient perturbation of the normal neural hierarchy allows patients access to suppressed fear information and perform an emotional reset, in which the amygdale may have a key role.
L2 speech研究における発音の「明瞭性」の取り扱い―明瞭な評定のために―
Authors: Yamato Kazuhito
Published: September 2022

本稿の目的は、近年発音の目標としても多く取り上げられるようになった「明瞭性（intelligibility）」を扱う際の留意点を、概念的観点から、方法論的観点からまとめ、提示することである。構成概念としての明瞭性と関連する概念である理解性の定義を、先行研究からまとめた。次に、明瞭性・理解性の評定方法について整理し、その問題点・留意点などを指摘した。最後に、明瞭性という言葉が日常語化する中で、L2 speech 研究における発音の明瞭性を検討する際には十分に注意を重ねて分析・考察を行わなければならないことを強調した。
User Engagement with COVID-19 Visualizations on Twitter
Authors: Kasumba Robert , Pandey Saugat , Patel Vishesh , Wolfson Micah , Ottley Alvitta
Published: September 2022

Data visualizations have been a key component of online discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research on how they affect public engagement is scarce. Understanding this would aid creating of visualizations that maximize engagements by public officials and visualization specialists. In this paper, we analyze tweets from a sample of medical experts to investigate how they use data visualizations to convey information about COVID-19 on Twitter. By comparing tweets with and without visualizations, as well as the effects of using particular visualization types, we hope to quantify the impact of visualizations on audience engagement. We learn that only 4.025% of the tweets from the chosen sample of users included visualizations. We discovered that tweets with visualization had more engagement than those with just text. Although the line charts were the most commonly used, the authors used different types of visualizations to communicate different aspects of the pandemic.
Beliefs about the inevitability of sexual attraction predict stereotypes about asexuality
Authors: Zivony Alon , Reggev Niv
Published: September 2022

Similar to other sexual minorities, asexual individuals often face prejudice and stereotyping. However, the source of these attitudes and beliefs is not well understood. We hypothesized that asexual stereotypes stem from the belief that sexual attraction is an inevitable part of human development. This attraction inevitability assumption can lead to the deduction that people who identify as asexual do so because they are going through a transitory stage or excusing socially avoidant tendencies. To test this stereotype deduction account, we examined whether specific asexual stereotypes (immaturity and non-sociality) are associated with adherence to the attraction inevitability assumption. Heterosexual participants (N = 322; 201 women, 114 men; average age 34.6 yrs.) from the UK and the US read vignettes describing a target character that was either asexual or heterosexual. People who assumed that attraction is inevitable were more likely to evaluate asexual targets (but not heterosexual targets) as immature and non-social. The impact of the sexual inevitability assumption was present even when social dominance orientation, an attitude closely related to negativity towards all sexual minorities, was accounted for. Participants who adhered to the attraction inevitability assumption also showed a reduced inclination to befriend asexual individuals. These findings suggest that generalized negativity towards sexual minorities does not fully explain stereotypes and prejudice against asexual people. Instead, the current study highlights how perceived deviation from the shared understanding of sexuality uniquely contributes to anti-asexual bias.
Differential expression of PARVG in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of PARVG, encoding parvin gamma, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). PARVG transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Mùa thu nhớ Bác
Authors: Khuc Quy Van
Published: September 2022

Mùa thu về nhớ Bác khôn nguôi. Trong không khí đón Tết độc lập của dân tộc tâm hồn ta như thấy được ấm áp và vui hơn, chúng ta càng yêu quý và kính trọng Người…
Characterising Ice Slabs in Firn Using Seismic Full Waveform Inversion
Authors: Pearce Emma , Booth Adam , Rost Sebastian , Sava Paul , Konuk Tugrul , Brisbourne Alex , Hubbard Bryn , Jones Ian
Published: September 2022

The density structure of firn has implications for hydrological and climate modelling, and ice shelf stability. The structure of firn can be evaluated from depth models of seismic velocity, widely obtained with Herglotz-Wiechert Inversion (HWI), an approach that considers the slowness of refracted seismic arrivals. However, HWI is strictly appropriate only for steady-state firn profiles and the inversion accuracy can be compromised where firn contains ice layers. In these cases, Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) may yield more success than HWI. FWI extends HWI capabilities by considering the full seismic waveform and incorporates reflected arrivals. Using synthetic firn density profiles, assuming both steady- and non-steady-state accumulation, we show that FWI outperforms HWI for detecting ice slab boundaries (5-80 m thick, 5-80 m deep) and velocity anomalies within firn. FWI can detect slabs thicker than one wavelength (here, 20 m, assuming a maximum frequency of 60 Hz) but requires the starting velocity model to be accurate to ±2.5%. We recommend for field practice that the shallowest layers of velocity models are constrained with ground-truth data. Nonetheless, FWI shows advantages over established methods, and should be considered when the characterisation of firn ice slabs is the goal of the seismic survey.
A crucial source of psychological certainty in human cognition: The certainty signature of central form
Authors: Haward Paul
Published: September 2022

It has long been established that humans exhibit more psychological certainty than is justified (Burton 2009; Russell 1933). People feel certain about their most deeply held beliefs (e.g., their political beliefs), and their most distinctive memories (e.g., where they were on September 11th, 2001). The present paper proposes and tests another distinctive type of psychological certainty displayed by human beings. Namely, as people navigate the world, they encounter thousands of instances of kinds/categories at any moment (e.g., floors and walls, phones and watches, houses and gardens, pedestrians and students, coffee shops and universities, not to speak of small-scale entities, like cracks and crumbs, glints and glimmers). The present paper proposes that humans possess an initial expectation of psychological certainty that the entities they encounter will possess their form properties. Recent empirical work within cognitive science has provided evidence that human category representations possess a central form, a central structure which represents a few properties of the category as capturing its conceptual identity—e.g., what makes a watch a watch, what makes a house a house, what makes a student a student. For a watch, the central form represents properties like telling time and being portable. In Experiment 1, participants provided expectations about which properties would exist in new instances of kinds. They exhibited psychological certainty that form properties would exist in these instances, but they did not exhibit this certainty for other properties that were part of their generic knowledge of the kind. In Experiment 2, the same strong certainty belief was shown to be activated for a newly acquired kind concept, as soon as a property had been encoded as part of its central form. A wide range of consequences of this proposal are discussed, including for research on conceptual structure, stereotyping, and conceptual combination.
The Online Volunteer Subject
Authors: Protzko John
Published: September 2022

Research using online research participants is here to stay. Understanding who these subjects are, and specifically what kind of biases and selection mechanisms they bring to our research studies will be important for the future of human-subjects research as our studies rely more and more on the Online Volunteer Subject. Here we take a method validated to understand biases in in-person research subjects and extend it to the online laboratory. Using this method, we attempt to replicate and extend this work as a tool for other researchers to use in their own online studies to quantify potential biases and space for treatment heterogeneity. Here we show Online participants are different from the rest of the population. The Online Participant is older, more likely to be Jewish, more well educated, more intelligent, less sociable, less arousal-seeking, more conventional, less interested in religion, and less willing to self-disclose than the person who does not take online studies. This systematic bias by focusing on the types of people who take online studies create obvious problems to generalizability. Furthermore, it creates biases in estimation for all types of studies through range restriction on numerous measured (and potentially many more unmeasured) variables. In short, the type of person who participates in our online studies is not just a regular person, they are systematically different. We provide a method to measure this bias in one’s own study.
Face shape and motion are perceptually separable: Support for a revised model of face processing
Authors: Martin Emily Renae , Hays Jason Scott , Soto Fabian
Published: September 2022

A recent model of face processing proposes that face shape and motion are processed in parallel brain pathways. Although tested in neuroimaging, the assumptions of this theory remain relatively untested through controlled psychophysical studies until now. Recruiting undergraduate students over the age of 18, we test this hypothesis using tight control of stimulus factors, through computerized three-dimensional face models and calibration of dimensional discriminability, and of decisional factors, through a model-based analysis using general recognition theory (GRT). Theoretical links between neural and perceptual forms of independence within GRT allowed us to derive the a priori hypotheses that perceptual separability of shape and motion should hold, while other forms of independence defined within GRT might fail. We found evidence to support both of those predictions.
The Polarization of Popular Culture: Tracing the Size, Shape, and Depth of the Oil Spill
Authors: Rawlings Craig , Childress Clayton
Published: September 2022

Recent research suggests that political polarization has spilled over into otherwise mundane areas of social life. And yet, the size, shape, and depth of that spillage into popular culture is generally unknown. Relying on a sample of 135 of the most widely known movies, TV shows, musicians, sports, and leisure activities, we investigate this question. We find the oil spill into popular culture is large but loosely organized into multiple fairly shallow pools. Cultural polarization is also asymmetric. Liberals like a wide variety of popular culture, do not dislike conservative popular culture, and their tastes are more rooted in their sociodemographics. Conservatives, on the other hand, like a much narrower range of popular culture, dislike the culture created and liked by Black and urban liberals, and their tastes are more directly rooted in their political ideology. Potential implications of an asymmetric culture war, and ideas for future research, are discussed.
Penilaian 1 Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) Kelas 5B MI NU TBS Kudus
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2022

Penilaian 1 Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) Kelas 5B MI NU TBS Kudus
Ecology and Bio-economics of Freshwater Apple Snail Pila globosa in Natore district of Bangladesh
Authors: Shathi Umme Habiba , Rahman Md. Redwanur
Published: September 2022

Pila globosa is an economically and commercially valued snail used as food in aquaculture, medicine, and food item in many regions of Bangladesh and other countries. The current study examines the ecology of Pila globosa and determines their current bio-economic situation. Pila globosa were collected from Singra, Lalpur and, Bagatipara upazila of Natore district. It was found 1.5-fold decline of the snail population in the study areas. Pila globosa is an ecological element that actively contributes to preserving a healthy aquatic habitat, which is necessary for biodiversity preservation. On the one hand, snail fauna scientific management is out of date. On the other hand, Pila globosa is still being exploited for fish culture, providing the underprivileged with a means of subsistence and the country with foreign income. By easing pressure on the natural population, the scenario justifies the development of supplemental Pila globosa culture techniques for commercial use.
Interannual Variability of Winter Rainfall in Upper Myanmar
Authors: Oo Kyaw Than
Published: September 2022

Upper Myanmar region, roughly located between 21° 00' N and 28° 30' N latitude and 92° 10' E and 101° 11' E longitude, is the place where the winter cold season contributes ~2% of the annual total rainfall. The rainfall associated with Western disturbances is small in quantum but veritably important for the cold season crops, maintaining the glaciers over the Putao region, hydropower generation for the whole country and hazard of Jade mining of the Upper Myanmar area. This study aims to find interannual variability and related ocean-atmospheric pattern link with Upper Myanmar cold season rainfall by using great-resolution reanalysis data (ERA5) during 1990-2020. Correlation analysis to test the validation of ERA5 gridded data with the observed data from 25 stations across Myanmar, showed a strong correlation value in the same period that enough reliable for best analysis results. An anomalous anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation persists over the southern part of the Bay of Bengal and South China sea during wet (dry) years. Also, the warming over the Indian Ocean and the cooling over the Tibetan plateau region correspond to south-north transport of moisture, ensuing in positive rainfall anomalies over the study region during winter. The wide patches of strong negative (positive) correlation are found over the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea (MED), Arabian Sea (ARS), and Red Sea (RED) during wet (dry) years. The link implies that NPO, SPO, and MED have an impact on the winter rainfall inter-annual variability. In addition, the cooling (warming) over the Indochina and western Pacific regions influences the Hadley and Walker circulation bringing above (below) normal rainfall, respectively, over Upper Myanmar. The reply of indices (PO, MED, NINO3.4, IOD, and WDs) on winter rainfall, necessary to further investigation. The complete analysis of winter rainfall aids in the understanding of past extreme events as well as the forecasting and monitoring of drought and floods in Upper Myanmar.
Integration of Information and Communication Technology in Education: The Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kandel Ganesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in education with its challenges and opportunities. Particularly, it aims to explore how the integration of information and communication technology and tools in education have created the opportunities and challenges to teachers, students, and even to educational institutions. I reviewed books, journals and research articles to examine the integration of ICT in education, the opportunities and challenges of implementing ICT in education and some ways to mitigate these challenges. From the review of various sources, I found the growing use of ICT in education sector creating both opportunities as well as challenges. The study revealed that the integration of ICT in education has been prioritised by many countries in the world. This study also showed the necessity of integrating ICT in education system to replace the traditional pedagogy and offer relevant knowledge and skills to both students and teacher to better survive in contemporary information society. This study suggests to redesign the educational infrastructure, teacher training, curriculum structures and materials, classroom practices and modes of assessment at all levels to integrate and implement ICT in education system effectively.