bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MetrIntSimil—An Accurate and Robust Metric for Comparison of Similarity in Intelligence of Any Number of Cooperative Multiagent Systems
Authors: Iantovics Laszlo , Dehmer Matthias , Emmert-Streib Frank
Published: February 2018

Intelligent cooperative multiagent systems are applied for solving a large range of real-life problems, including in domains like biology and healthcare. There are very few metrics able to make an effective measure of the machine intelligence quotient. The most important drawbacks of the designed metrics presented in the scientific literature consist in the limitation in universality, accuracy, and robustness. In this paper, we propose a novel universal metric called MetrIntSimil capable of making an accurate and robust symmetric comparison of the similarity in intelligence of any number of cooperative multiagent systems specialized in difficult problem solving. The universality is an important necessary property based on the large variety of designed intelligent systems. MetrIntSimil makes a comparison by taking into consideration the variability in intelligence in the problem solving of the compared cooperative multiagent systems. It allows a classification of the cooperative multiagent systems based on their similarity in intelligence. A cooperative multiagent system has variability in the problem solving intelligence, and it can manifest lower or higher intelligence in different problem solving tasks. More cooperative multiagent systems with similar intelligence can be included in the same class. For the evaluation of the proposed metric, we conducted a case study for more intelligent cooperative multiagent systems composed of simple computing agents applied for solving the Symmetric Travelling Salesman Problem (STSP) that is a class of NP-hard problems. STSP is the problem of finding the shortest Hamiltonian cycle/tour in a weighted undirected graph that does not have loops or multiple edges. The distance between two cities is the same in each opposite direction. Two classes of similar intelligence denoted IntClassA and IntClassB were identified. The experimental results show that the agent belonging to IntClassA intelligence class is less intelligent than the agents that belong to the IntClassB intelligence class.
Impact of Mutations in the Hemagglutinin of H10N7 Viruses Isolated from Seals on Virus Replication in Avian and Human Cells
Authors: Dittrich Anne , Scheibner David , Salaheldin Ahmed , Veits Jutta , Gischke Marcel , Mettenleiter Thomas , Abdelwhab Elsayed
Published: February 2018

Wild birds are the reservoir for low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses, which are frequently transmitted to domestic birds and occasionally to mammals. In 2014, an H10N7 virus caused severe mortality in harbor seals in northeastern Europe. Although the hemagglutinin (HA) of this virus was closely related to H10 of avian H10N4 virus, it possessed unique nonsynonymous mutations, particularly in the HA1 subunit in or adjacent to the receptor binding domain and proteolytic cleavage site. Here, the impact of these mutations on virus replication was studied in vitro. Using reverse genetics, an avian H10N4 virus was cloned, and nine recombinant viruses carrying one of eight unique mutations or the complete HA from the seal virus were rescued. Receptor binding affinity, replication in avian and mammalian cell cultures, cell-to-cell spread, and HA cleavability of these recombinant viruses were studied. Results show that wild-type recombinant H10N4 virus has high affinity to avian-type sialic acid receptors and no affinity to mammalian-type receptors. The H10N7 virus exhibits dual receptor binding affinity. Interestingly, Q220L (H10 numbering) in the rim of the receptor binding pocket increased the affinity of the H10N4 virus to mammal-type receptors and completely abolished the affinity to avian-type receptors. No remarkable differences in cell-to-cell spread or HA cleavability were observed. All viruses, including the wild-type H10N7 virus, replicated at higher levels in chicken cells than in human cells. These results indicate that H10N7 acquired adaptive mutations (e.g., Q220L) to enhance replication in mammals and retained replication efficiency in the original avian host.
Repurposing Plant Virus Nanoparticles
Authors: Hefferon Kathleen
Published: February 2018

Plants have been explored for many years as inexpensive and versatile platforms for the generation of vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals. Plant viruses have also been engineered to either express subunit vaccines or act as epitope presentation systems. Both icosahedral and helical, filamentous-shaped plant viruses have been used for these purposes. More recently, plant viruses have been utilized as nanoparticles to transport drugs and active molecules into cancer cells. The following review describes the use of both icosahedral and helical plant viruses in a variety of new functions against cancer. The review illustrates the breadth of variation among different plant virus nanoparticles and how this impacts the immune response.
Discharge Coefficient of Rectangular Short-Crested Weir with Varying Slope Coefficients
Authors: Chen Yuejun , Fu Zongfu , Chen Qingsheng , Cui Zhen
Published: February 2018

Rectangular short-crested weirs are widely used for simple structure and high discharge capacity. As one of the most important and influential factors of discharge capacity, side slope can improve the hydraulic characteristics of weirs at special conditions. In order to systemically study the effects of upstream and downstream slope coefficients S1 and S2 on overflow discharge coefficient in a rectangular short-crested weir the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and the Renormalization Group (RNG) κ-ε turbulence model are used. In this study, the slope coefficient ranges from V to 3H:1V and each model corresponds to five total energy heads of H0 ranging from 8.0 to 24.0 cm. Comparisons of discharge coefficients and free surface profiles between simulated and laboratory results display a good agreement. The simulated results show that the difference of discharge coefficients will decrease with upstream slopes and increase with downstream slopes as H0 increases. For a given H0, the discharge coefficient has a convex parabolic relation with S1 and a piecewise linearity relation with S2. The maximum discharge coefficient is always obtained at S2 = 0.8. There exists a difference between upstream and downstream slope coefficients in the influence range of free surface curvatures. Furthermore, a proposed discharge coefficient equation by nonlinear regression is a function of upstream and downstream slope coefficients.
Prediction Method for the Complete Characteristic Curves of a Francis Pump-Turbine
Authors: Huang Wei , Yang Kailin , Guo Xinlei , Ma Jiming , Wang Jue , Li Jiazhen
Published: February 2018

Complete characteristic curves of a pump-turbine are essential for simulating the hydraulic transients and designing pumped storage power plants but are often unavailable in the preliminary design stage. To solve this issue, a prediction method for the complete characteristics of a Francis pump-turbine was proposed. First, based on Euler equations and the velocity triangles at the runners, a mathematical model describing the complete characteristics of a Francis pump-turbine was derived. According to multiple sets of measured complete characteristic curves, explicit expressions for the characteristic parameters of characteristic operating point sets (COPs), as functions of a specific speed and guide vane opening, were then developed to determine the undetermined coefficients in the mathematical model. Ultimately, by combining the mathematical model with the regression analysis of COPs, the complete characteristic curves for an arbitrary specific speed were predicted. Moreover, a case study shows that the predicted characteristic curves are in good agreement with the measured data. The results obtained by 1D numerical simulation of the hydraulic transient process using the predicted characteristics deviate little from the measured characteristics. This method is effective and sufficient for a priori simulations before obtaining the measured characteristics and provides important support for the preliminary design of pumped storage power plants.
Vers une nouvelle modernité sanitaire : l’épidémie de peste de Majorque en 1820
Authors: Moll Isabel , Salas Vives Pere , Pujadas-Mora Joana María
Published: February 2018

Cet article présente l’épidémie de peste survenue à Majorque, de mai à décembre 1820, en la replaçant dans un double contexte. D’une part, son impact sur la société majorquine et d’autre part son lien avec les propositions qui sont formulées dans le domaine de la santé publique, en particulier à cette période où l’État commence à s’impliquer dans la gestion de la santé publique et où se développent de nouveaux paradigmes en médecine. L’article est organisé en quatre parties : les caractéristiques principales de l’évolution de cette épidémie, l’analyse des controverses sur la nature de la maladie, la description des politiques sanitaires développées pour faire face à son expansion, et l’impact de l’épidémie en dehors de l’île. La documentation utilisée provient de trois sources : les écrits des médecins qui ont été confrontés à l’épidémie, l’information fournie par la presse de l’époque (de Palma et de Barcelone). La correspondance des consuls français aux îles Baléares, déposée aux archives du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (La Courneuve, France). Notre travail montre que la peste de 1820 marque le début de la mise en œuvre d’une politique de santé publique moderne à Majorque, anticipant de quelques décennies une création que les historiens ont attribué au choléra dans le reste de l’Europe.
La bibliothèque de la Fondation Charles de Gaulle, berceau de l’histoire du Général et du gaullisme ?
Authors: Lachaise Bernard
Published: February 2018

Installée dans un lieu de mémoire du gaullisme au 5 rue de Solférino à Paris, elle est la première bibliothèque en France consacrée à un acteur majeur de l’Histoire. Elle est un lieu de consultation de livres mais aussi d’archives et un lieu de rencontres scientifiques. Plusieurs générations d’historiens devenus des spécialistes du général de Gaulle et du gaullisme s’y sont croisés, y ont puisé une partie de leurs sources et appris à se connaître. Dans ses murs, est rassemblée la plus importante bibliographie sur le général de Gaulle et sont consultées les archives indispensables à la connaissance du gaullisme sous la IV e République. En plus de quarante ans, son utilisation comme salle de lecture a évolué et s’est amoindrie. Mais par son cadre, sa richesse et sa fréquentation, elle reste unique parmi toutes les bibliothèques des institutions consacrées aux grandes figures politiques de la seconde moitié du XX e siècle français (Institut Pierre Mendès France, Institut Georges Pompidou, Institut François Mitterrand).
Swept-Source OCT Angiography of Full-Thickness Macular Holes: Appearance and Artifacts
Authors: Michalewska Zofia , Nawrocki Jerzy
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) images in full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

SS-OCTA of FTMHs was performed before or after surgery. Vitrectomy with the temporal inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique was used. The authors measured the diameter and area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in superficial and deep retina vasculature.

RESULTS:

In 88 patients, two artifact types were observed. First, a hyperreflective circle in the center corresponding to a segmentation failure, as in these cases the segmentation line automatically relocated below the retinal pigment epithelium. Second, in macular holes with cystic spaces around the fovea, detection of blood flow was only partially possible, showing artifacts in the perifoveal vasculature.

CONCLUSION:

The authors present artifacts occurring during visualization of FTMHs with SS-OCTA and the means to correct them. Eyes with decreased postoperative central retinal thickness have an increased FAZ in the deep retinal layer plexus.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:111–121.]
Sheets Glide-Assisted Intraocular Placement of the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis
Authors: Finn Avni P. , Vajzovic Lejla
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

As an increasing number of vitreoretinal surgeons are implanting retinal prosthesis devices, the need to share surgical techniques to ease implantation in challenging scenarios grows. The authors share a technique to aide in overcoming a challenge associated with uveal prolapse in a patient undergoing Argus II retinal prosthesis (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA) implantation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A surgical technique is discussed and demonstrated using a video (

Video available at
www.healio.com/OSLIRetina

).

RESULTS:

A Sheets glide-assisted technique was used to successfully place the electrode array in the vitreous cavity.

CONCLUSION:

The Sheets glide may be a useful tool in aiding the retinal surgeon to successfully and easily place the electrode array of the Argus II retinal prosthesis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:132–133.]
Swept-Source OCT Angiography of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome With Inflammatory Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
Authors: Swaminathan Swarup S. , Zheng Fang , Miller Andrew R. , Gregori Giovanni , Davis Janet L. , Rosenfeld Philip J.
Published: February 2018

A 30-year-old woman with photopsias and decreased vision was diagnosed with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) with an atypical inflammatory subfoveal retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and imaged using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) during several visits. SS-OCT imaging revealed a focal area of attenuated choriocapillaris underneath the PED. An attempt to treat the presumed macular inflammatory lesion with corticosteroids resulted in bilateral exudation consistent with central serous chorioretinopathy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:145–151.]
Greek Travelers in Eastern Europe at the End of the 18th Century: Shifting Identities and the Production of Knowledge across Borders
Authors: Patiniotis Manolis , Gekas Sakis
Published: February 2018

L’article suit l’itinéraire de deux savants du xviiie siècle, Eugenios Voulgaris (1716-1806) et Marinos Harbouris (1729-1782). Tous deux sont originaires des îles Ioniennes et ont suivi des parcours similaires, dans une recherche de réussite sociale qui les a conduits à la cour de Catherine la Grande. En ce temps de vive activité intellectuelle, la quête de connaissance de ces deux hommes a joué un rôle significatif dans la nature de leurs mobilités. Le type de connaissance produit dans chaque cas variait et servait différents desseins, mais dans l’un comme dans l’autre, c’était le résultat de la circulation simultanée de personnes, de traditions intellectuelles locales et, concernant Harbouris, d’ambitieux projets sur des objets matériels et des agricultures exotiques.
Le monde, la terre et l’Europe moderne. Retour sur les processus de production et de mobilité des savoirs dans les espaces de la catholicité entre xvie et xviie siècle
Authors: Romano Antonella , Brice Catherine , Gaudin Guillaume
Published: February 2018

Dans le cadre d’un dialogue avec plusieurs collègues venus d’horizons de recherche distincts, cet article vise à revenir sur les cadres historiographiques et méthodologiques du travail engagé dans le livre Impressions de Chine. L’Europe et l’englobement du monde (xvie-xviie siècles) (Paris, Fayard, 2016). Les principaux éléments en sont l’horizon de l’histoire global et ses enjeux épistémologiques ; les savoirs de l’espace et les modalités de leur production entre observation du terrain, interactions avec les acteurs locaux et savoirs de cabinet ; le rôle des empires ibériques dans la réalisation matérielle et intellectuelle de l’englobement du monde par l’Europe dans la période considérée.
Un temps d’ingéniosité. Les missions politiques d’un dignitaire tunisien en Toscane dans les années 1870
Authors: Oualdi M’hamed
Published: February 2018

Tunis, Paris, la Toscane… En suivant, dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, les voyages et exils du général Husayn, dignitaire de la province ottomane de Tunis, cet article participe d’un effort historiographique récent pour concevoir une histoire de l’innovation qui ne se limite pas à l’Europe et prenne davantage en compte les circulations à un niveau global et local. L’expérience de Husayn montre que l’adoption de nouveaux arts de faire gouvernementaux, juridiques et financiers s’est produite en Toscane dans un territoire de fortes interactions méditerranéennes, et surtout que ces expérimentations n’ont été rendues possibles que par un apprentissage initial à Tunis de nouveaux registres argumentatifs et d’une nouvelle économie du litige autour du foncier. Dans ce cas, les relations entre mobilité et innovation se sont beaucoup moins nourries d’une discontinuité que d’une continuité entre des territoires nord-africains et européens.
L’administration vénitienne et l’évolution des techniques d’enregistrement des étrangers dans le contexte de la Révolution française (1789-1797)
Authors: Bertrand Gilles
Published: February 2018

Quel impact eut, en temps de Révolution, l’afflux des Français et de leurs voisins sur la manière de consigner à Venise les mouvements d’étrangers arrivés d’Italie ou du reste de l’Europe ? Continuant de préférer les annotations aux passeports, les inquisiteurs d’État rassemblèrent fébrilement les informations délivrées par les hôteliers, logeurs et monastères, mais aussi curés de paroisse, courriers et voiturins, magistratures chargées du contrôle des entrées et sorties à Venise, maîtres des postes et agents des villes de Terre ferme. La surveillance se renforça en dressant des listes, en multipliant les relevés et répertoires, en guettant les transferts d’étrangers d’une résidence à l’autre afin d’inscrire leurs allées et venues dans un maillage territorial le plus serré possible. Sans forcément garantir l’efficacité des nouveaux moyens mis en œuvre…
La Commission des barricades de la République romaine (1848-1849) : une « technologie politique » ? Réflexion sur les contextes mouvants de l’innovation
Authors: Brice Catherine
Published: February 2018

Cet article propose une triple lecture des liens entre mobilité et innovation autour des barricades de la République romaine de 1849 et d’une organisation créée pour les édifier, la Commission des barricades. Une étude de la Commission des barricades permet de rendre compte de la complexité du lien établi entre les deux termes, mobilité et innovation. Trois types de cadrage seront proposés : la barricade comme un cadre de la mobilisation populaire, comme un type d’administration ou comme un instrument du contrôle social. On voit alors que cette innovation importée peut s’avérer techniquement contestée (entre le politique et le militaire), normativement ambiguë (une comptabilité vertueuse et transparente entre comptabilité publique et privée) ou enfin conflictuelle (entre des techniques de contrôle du territoire anciennes et modernes). La barricade apparaît comme une forme de technologie politique importée, adaptée, disputée.
Research Trends in Forensic Sciences
Authors: Raghunath Rajshree
Published: February 2018

This chapter outlines how scientometric tools and techniques are increasingly used to find the growth and direction of research. Forensic sciences are the application of science and technology in the administration of law and justice. Forensic Sciences encompass a wide range of subspecialties which are applied in adjudication of civil and criminal legal issues. Five subspecialties, viz., Forensic Anthropology (FA), Forensic Genetics (FG), Forensic Medicine (FM), Forensic Psychology (FP), and Forensic Toxicology (FT) were comparatively analyzed to find the growth of literature, source documents contributing to the literature growth and also the keywords used to find the research trends in these subspecialties. Data pertaining to these subspecialties documented from 2006 to 2015 were retrieved from the Science Direct platform and studied using MS-Excel and VOSviewer. The cumulative growth of literature showed a linear trend. The study found Forensic Science International as the top contributing journal. Significant association was observed between FA, FG, FM and FT literature while FP was not.
Sustainable Food Consumption in the Neoliberal Order
Authors: Alapiki Henry E. , Amadi Luke A.
Published: February 2018

In recent decades, we have seen the rise of the sustainable food consumption field and its push for disciplinary space in development studies. This chapter turns to the original impetus of sustainable food consumption and the question of how neoliberal order can be reconciled with the need to save the ecology. Beyond the fundamental objectives, there is a need to assess the links between the global food system, as influenced by neoliberal order, and the signs that it leads to adversity for low-income countries. A review of relevant literature in the sustainable consumption field is explored using content analysis to examine links between neoliberal food consumption dynamics, the logic of global food politics, and the emerging terminological shifts from food consumption to food system. The world systems theory and the Marxian political ecology framework are used to show that sustainability is notable for emphasizing resource efficiency and equitability, which can be useful when sustainability challenges are matched with ecological policies. This chapter makes some policy recommendations.
New Computational Models for Image Remote Sensing and Big Data
Authors: Pillai Dhanasekaran K.
Published: February 2018

This chapter focuses on the development of new computational models for remote sensing applications with big data handling method using image data. Furthermore, this chapter presents an overview of the process of developing systems for remote sensing and monitoring. The issues and challenges are presented to discuss various problems related to the handling of image big data in wireless sensor networks that have various real-world applications. Moreover, the possible solutions and future recommendations to address the challenges have been presented and also this chapter includes discussion of emerging trends and a conclusion.
Characterizing the Risk Factors for Financial Sustainability in Spanish Local Governments
Authors: Brusca Isabel , Olmo Jorge , Labrador Margarita
Published: February 2018

This chapter aims to analyze the characteristics of Spanish governments that fail to achieve budgetary stability, as well as propose a model for the analysis of financial sustainability of governments that can help in predicting risk for financial sustainability. The analysis is focused on Spanish local governments with more than 5,000 inhabitants that have elaborated the annual plan because they did not achieve budgetary stability (79 local governments). Using the principal components analysis, the authors developed a model for the analysis of the characteristics of these governments. The model is made up of three components created from six indicators usually considered in the literature as relevant. The results evidence the indicators useful to measure the three dimensions identified by the IPSASB as relevant: revenue dimension, debt dimension, and public services dimension.
On the Impact of Long Memory on Market Risk
Authors: Ben Sassi Salim , Bejaoui Azza
Published: February 2018

This chapter investigates the influence of the long memory behavior in returns and volatility on the market risk for four emerging stock markets during the pre- and post-crisis periods. In this respect, the authors consider four major political events (Tunisian revolution, Egyptian revolution, assassination of Prime Minister Rafik El Hariri, and a series of suicide bombings in Morocco). Using the modified R/S test and GPH test, they show the long memory property in returns and volatility over the two sub-periods. To explore the dual long memory property, the authors apply the joint ARFIMA–FIGARCH specification on the returns and volatility of the four emerging stock markets. The dual long memory property is prevalent in the returns and volatility of the emerging stock markets over the pre-crisis period. During the post-crisis period, the dual long memory process is only detected in the Moroccan market. The authors also display the dynamic behavior of VaR during the two sub-periods. In addition, based on the backtesting test, VaR performed better during the two sub-periods for all countries.
Financial and Economic Security of BRICS Countries
Authors: Fomicheva Elena V. , Shikun Marina S.
Published: February 2018

With the growing tension in the global community and the instability of the overall situation, problems with financial centers and regions have arisen, and as a result, the necessity of reforms have appeared in the global governance system and in the financial and economic system. BRICS countries are very interested in solving problems and developing relations within the bloc. Each country pursues its own interest, but the emerging dialogue of countries allows them to find a compromise in complex issues. The current economic situation in the world, where Western countries speak the language of sanctions, makes BRICS countries strengthen their interaction. It concerns the provision of financial and economic security. Increased financial risks in the capital market as well as the dominance of the dollar and the euro level, push BRICS countries to strengthen the financial mechanisms. BRICS countries support the creation of a global network of financial instruments.
Neuro-Linguistic-Programming-Based Modeling of Stock Markets
Authors: Babaev Mamed , Savenko Oxana
Published: February 2018

Speaking of the preliminary findings of this chapter and considering empirical data observed in the course of stock exchange trading, it is possible to forge a connection between the actual behavior of the investors and the NLP meta-program classes. In particular, there is a palpable correspondence between the 13 distinct meta-program categories affecting workplace motivation and performance, commonly known as the language and behaviour profile or LAB Profile, of Shelle Rose Charvet, and the behavior patterns of investors. This may represent a development of the idea of “the conventional wisdom” formulated in his time by John Kenneth Galbraith. However, in its new incarnation of collective conscious and collective subconscious, it may affect decision making processes around the globe.
Challenges of E-Retailing Laws and Regulations in India
Authors: Vijayabanu C. , Daisy Anjali
Published: February 2018

The revolution in the retailing industry has brought many changes and also opened doors for many Indian as well as foreign players. In a market like India, there is a constant clash between challenges and opportunities, but chances favor those companies that are trying to establish themselves. In order to sustain in a market like India, companies have to bring innovative solutions. E-retail laws in India are urgently needed. India should also regulate the tax laws, unlawful competitive practices, and predatory pricing of Indian and foreign e-retail transactions. This chapter highlights the challenges and prerequisites of e-retail law.
E-Commerce
Authors: Banerjee Tuhin
Published: February 2018

The growth of e-commerce in India has been substantial in the last decade. The growth of the sector has been affected by the number of issues in indirect taxation. The introduction of goods and service tax (GST) is expected to smooth the taxation for e-commerce operators. This chapter examines the key aspects of GST including existing taxes which would be replaced by GST, registration in GST, taxable event under GST, valuation in GST, payment process in GST, refund and audit in GST, and compliance process in GST. The chapter concludes that GST will ease doing business for e-commerce operators by providing a unified framework for indirect taxation.
Role of TQM in Sustained Business Performance in Indian Automotive Supply Chain
Authors: Narula Sanjiv , Pal Satwinder , Saini Vinay , Saxena Prabhat , Goyal Ajay , Yadav Mohit
Published: February 2018

This chapter creates a place in which TQM (total quality management) differs from business sustainability. Management can focus themselves more accurately when they understand the missing link between these two aspects. It also helps to reduce and eliminate certain wastes related to cost and efficiency and helps to produce better quality with minimum waste. In this study, a TQM framework is developed according to a comprehensive literature review: primary data collection through a structured questionnaire and interview of performers/nonperformers at various levels in different organizations. Analysis of data is used to establish the relationship between attributes of TQM and business sustainability. TQM enhances the cost effectiveness while helping suppliers to produce enhanced quality to their customers and with minimum efforts and lesser rejection. Analysis of data is used to establish the relationship between attributes of TQM and cost effectiveness in an organization.
REACH for Health
Authors: Marttinen Risto , Fredrick III Ray N. , Villanueva Anthony J.
Published: February 2018

This chapter begins by briefly introducing the background of service-learning in kinesiology and, more specifically, physical education. A push for service-learning at the university level has led to teacher education programs across the nation to implement a variety of programs to provide their students with opportunities to engage in meaningful educational experiences. The main objective of this chapter is to provide an explanation of how one regional comprehensive University in California re-imagined their teacher education program to provide undergraduate students various service-learning experiences before attending a teaching credential program. These service-learning courses provide a service to under-resourced schools in the community while providing pre-service teachers authentic learning and teaching experiences.
Service-Learning in the Clinical Experience of Alternative Certification Teacher Candidates
Authors: Mink Deborah V. , Ridout Susan Ramp , Murray Gloria J. , Camahalan Faye Marsha G. , Petty Callie
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to describe a service-learning program in a public school setting for possible replication by other educators. Service-learning in teacher preparation continues to expand as a pedagogy to help future educators gain knowledge and strategies for working with diverse students. Using this model, teacher candidates address community needs and learn course content because service-learning is linked to the curriculum. Indeed, well-integrated service-learning is a powerful experience when it is designed as a partnership where both parties learn and grow. This chapter addresses how service-learning is integrated into the clinical experiences of an alternative teacher preparation program while meeting the social and academic needs of elementary school (K-5) students in a community with a large population of English language learners (ELLs).
A Pedagogy of Promise
Authors: Zygmunt Eva M. , Cipollone Kristin
Published: February 2018

This chapter details an innovative teacher education paradigm that privileges community-engagement and critical service-learning in the development of culturally responsive teachers. Candidates are removed from campus and immersed in a low-income, African-American neighborhood for an entire semester's coursework, where they participate in critical service-learning alongside community mentors and members of the neighborhood community council. Differentiated from more traditional models of university service learning characterized by “doing for,” and which tend to favor those who serve over those being served, candidates participate with and alongside residents in projects identified by members of the neighborhood as integral to community vitality. The chapter details examples of critical service-learning that have been co-enacted in the eight-year history in the neighborhood. Candidate and community member reflections on their co-participation are privileged in the rich description of how this partnership is instrumental in the development of culturally responsive teachers.
Service-Learning as Service to Teacher Candidates
Authors: Lukenchuk Antonina
Published: February 2018

Since its first initiative in 2004, service-learning has become a bona fide hallmark of National Louis University that is embedded in its mission and strategic goals. In 2015, the university was recognized by the Carnegie Community Engagement Classification as an engaged campus. Unique to the context of its institutional practices, service-learning has received its widest implementation in the college of education. Those who have been integrating service-learning components into coursework have come to appreciate its practical benefits for teacher candidates. The purpose of this chapter is to report on the findings of a pilot case study conducted with teacher candidates who chose service-learning projects as part of the requirement in educational foundations and research courses. The findings of this study support research and scholarship on the benefits of service-learning for teacher education.
A Typology of Conscious Decision Making for Service-Learning Field Experiences
Authors: Meidl Tynisha D. , Saal Leah Katherine , Sulentic Dowell Margaret-Mary
Published: February 2018

In this concluding chapter, the authors, who are service-learning and teacher education scholars, present a typology of service-learning field experiences as a means of considering how and why service-learning field experiences are included as teacher preparation. The typology is a way to examine and inform the critical decision-making process when planning, implementing, and assessing service-learning field experiences. This chapter is a departure from other chapters in this edited volume, but its purpose is to extend the conversations all chapters inspire, which is to include service-learning as a form of community-engaged pedagogy and scholarship that endorses, represents, and promotes culturally responsive practice. The authors presume it is impossible to create a complete and comprehensive taxonomy of service-learning as community-engaged work continues to evolve. The typological structure can be used to identify, define, and describe the nuanced applications salient in service-learning field experiences within teacher education.
Examinations of Email Fraud Susceptibility
Authors: Jones Helen S. , Towse John
Published: February 2018

The internet provides an ever-expanding, valuable resource for entertainment, communication, and commerce. However, this comes with the simultaneous advancement and sophistication of cyber-attacks, which have serious implications on both a personal and commercial level, as well as within the criminal justice system. Psychologically, such attacks offer an intriguing, under-exploited arena for the understanding of the decision-making processes leading to online fraud victimisation. In this chapter, the authors focus on approaches taken to understand response behaviour surrounding phishing emails. The chapter outlines how approaches from industry and academic research might work together to more effectively understand and potentially tackle the persistent threat of email fraud. In doing this, the authors address alternative methodological approaches taken to understand susceptibility, key insights drawn from each, how useful these are in working towards preventative security measures, and the usability of each approach. It is hoped that these can contribute to collaborative solutions.
Introducing Psychological Concepts and Methods to Cybersecurity Students
Authors: Taylor Jacqui , Thackray Helen , Hodge Sarah E. , McAlaney John
Published: February 2018

This chapter begins with a brief review of the literature that highlights what psychology research and practice can offer to cybersecurity education. The authors draw on their wide-ranging inter-disciplinary teaching experience, and in this chapter, they discuss their observations gained from teaching psychological principles and methods to undergraduate and postgraduate cybersecurity students. The authors pay special attention to the consideration of the characteristics of cybersecurity students so that psychology is taught in a way that is accessible and engaging. Finally, the authors offer some practical suggestions for academics to help them incorporate psychology into the cybersecurity curriculum.
A Study of Good-Enough Security in the Context of Rural Business Process Outsourcing
Authors: Singh Reena , Jalota Hemant
Published: February 2018

Data objects having low value like insurance or data-entry forms are shared between a client and rural business process outsourcing (RBPO) organisations for tasks like translation, proofreading, and data entry. These data objects are first decomposed into smaller parts and then assigned to RBPO users. Each user in a RBPO has access to only a few parts of a complete data object which he can leak to unauthorised users. But since the value of these parts is low, there is not enough incentive for the user to leak them. Such scenarios need good-enough security models that can provide reasonable security to an aggregate number of parts of low value data objects. In this chapter, the authors study the secure data assignment and leakage in RBPO by modeling it in the form of an optimisation problem. They discuss different scenarios of object decomposition and sharing, penalty assignment, and data leakage in the context of RBPO. They use LINGO toolbox to run their model and present insights.
Surprise-Based Narrative Generation in an Automatic Narrative Generation Game
Authors: Ono Jumpei , Ogata Takashi
Published: February 2018

The authors have been developing an automatic narrative generation game using the method of table-talk role playing game (TRPG) that is an analog game based on the interactive process by real humans. This system progresses by repeating of the interaction between a game master (GM) and players (PLs). Although the GM prepares a story as a basis of the process, the PLs can detail and change the story. A basic idea in this chapter is that a gap created through the interaction between the GM and the PLs, namely the gap between the original story by the GM and the changed story, gives various impressive effects for an interesting story or narrative, especially a kind of surprise. Based on the above basic idea, in a previous research the authors studied the relationships between gap and surprise, narrative or story techniques producing surprise, and so on using short stories really generated by the authors' narrative generation system.
Multifunctional Nanocarrier Systems for Effective Delivery of Drugs in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mishra Brahmeshwar , Thokala Sathish
Published: February 2018

The drug delivery to the cancer sites, with maintained effective drug concentration for longer duration, using low dose of drug, with minimum side effects is the prime concern of formulation scientist today. In the recent times, the nanocarrier systems are not only being utilized for achieving targeted, sustained and controlled release of drug to the disease site, but also are used in imaging of diseases. An attempt has been made through this chapter to give a brief outline about the cancer and elaborate details on the various multifunctional nanocarriers researched till date for effective delivery of drugs in cancer treatment. Further, functionalization and surface modification of nanocarrier with various ligands like folate, transferrin, TPGS (d-α- Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate), trastuzumab and hyaluronic acid etc., that have specific receptor in the proximity of disease site have been explained along with pros and cons of such carrier systems.
Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery and Imaging Applications
Authors: Chopra Dimple Sethi
Published: February 2018

Nanocomposites are a class of materials in which one or more phases with nanoscale dimensions are embedded in a metal, ceramic, or polymer matrix. The properties of nanocomposites depend on matrix, loading, degree of dispersion, size, shape, and orientation of the nanoscale phase and interaction between the matrix and the nanoscale phase. Nanocomposites are generally prepared using direct melt intercalation. The formation of nanocomposite is ascertained by XRD pattern, FTIR spectra, electron microscopy, and thermal analysis like DSC and TGA. Nanocomposites have properties of nanoparticles, multifunctional capabilities, chemical functionalization, huge interphase zone. Novel nanomaterials offer a new chemotherapeutic route for cancer treatment by combining cell imaging and hyperthermia in a synergistic way. In spite of toxicity and safety concerns, multifunctional nanocomposite still interest the researchers because of emergence of versatile properties, better understanding of disease biomarkers, and quest for ways to improve biocompatibility.
Ship- and island-based soundings from the 2016 El Niño Rapid
Response (ENRR) field campaign
Authors: Hartten Leslie M. , Cox Christopher J. , Johnston Paul E. , Wolfe Daniel E. , Abbott Scott , McColl H. Alex , Quan Xiao-Wei , Winterkorn Matthew G.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. As the 2015/2016 El Niño was gathering strength in late 2015, scientists at the Earth System Research Laboratory's Physical Sciences Division proposed and led the implementation of NOAA's El Niño Rapid Response (ENRR) Field Campaign. ENRR observations included wind and thermodynamic profiles of the atmosphere over the near-equatorial east-central Pacific Ocean, many of which were collected from two field sites and transmitted in near-real time for inclusion in global forecasting models. From 26 January to 28 March 2016, twice-daily rawinsonde observations were made from Kiritimati (pronounced Christmas) Island (2.0°N, 157.4°E; call sign CXENRR). From 16 February to 16 March 2016, three to eight radiosondes were launched each day from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (allocated call sign WTEC) as it travelled southeast from Hawaii to service Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys along longitudes 140°W and 125°W and then north to San Diego, California. Both the rapid and the remote nature of these deployments created particular difficulties in collecting and disseminating the soundings; these are described together with the methods used to reprocess the data after the field campaign finished. The reprocessed and lightly quality-controlled data have been put into an easy-to-read text format, qualifying them to be termed Level 2 soundings. They are archived and freely available for public access at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) in the form of two separate data sets: one consisting of 125 soundings from Kiritimati Island (doi:10.7289/V55Q4T5K), the other of 193 soundings from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown (doi:10.7289/V5X63K15). Of the Kiritimati soundings, 94 % reached the tropopause and 88 % reached 40 hPa, while 89 % of the ship's soundings reached the tropopause and 87 % reached 40 hPa. The soundings captured the repeated advance and retreat of the ITCZ at Kiritimati, a variety of marine tropospheric environments encountered by the ship, and lower-stratospheric features of the 2015–2016 QBO (quasi-biennial oscillation), all providing a rich view of the local atmosphere's response to the east-central Pacific's extremely warm waters during the 2015/16 El Niño.
El sector naval de Corea del Sur y España: análisis comparado de los principales indicadores de competitividad, 1970-1990
Authors: Manzanal Oliva Adrián
Published: February 2018

Para diferenciar el origen de las divergencias en términos de capacidad competitiva entre España y Corea del Sur en la industria de construcción de embarcaciones, se ha realizado un estudio de un conjunto de indicadores de competitividad, y más en profundidad de los costes laborales unitarios. El incremento continuado de la productividad y los salarios que se ha producido en Corea del Sur contrasta con el estancamiento de estas dos variables en el caso del sector naval español. Corea del Sur, que ha desarrollado su industria naval en un adverso periodo de crisis del sector, optó por una estrategia de desarrollo basada en la orientación exportadora. Las diferencias competitivas entre España y Corea del Sur son resultado de estrategias de política industrial muy diferentes durante el periodo comprendido entre 1970 y 1990.
It's not easy being green: Difficulties in sourcing sustainable building materials
Authors: Lombard Richard
Published: February 2018

This paper examines some of the methods by which manufacturers certify their building materials as “sustainable” and communicates those certifications to the market. Using company marketing materials, along with specific case studies, the paper will present examples of how these certifications and presentations can cause consumer confusion. In light of this situation, the paper endeavors to present readers with basic guidelines with which to evaluate manufacturers' claims and their materials' applicability to their needs. The paper will also identify specific manufacturer efforts to create truly sustainable materials.
Operatie Inzicht in Kwaliteit: dwing de cultuuromslag af met een vernieuwde RPE
Authors: Houppermans Meyken
Published: February 2018

Operatie Inzicht in Kwaliteit: dwing de cultuuromslag af met een vernieuwde RPE

De Operatie Inzicht in Kwaliteit van het kabinet-Rutte III moet leiden tot beter overheidsbeleid door de kennis over de doeltreffendheid en doelmatigheid te vergroten en het evaluatiestelsel te verbeteren. De Operatie moet een cultuuromslag realiseren, niet via verplichte voorschriften maar via intrinsieke betrokkenheid. Zo’n Operatie kost veel tijd en geld en kent een politiek risico. Zolang het uitgangspunt blijft dat effectiever overheidsbeleid te realiseren is door meer aandacht voor doelmatigheid en doeltreffendheid, is de kans op verbetering klein. De uitvoerbaarheid en aanvaardbaarheid van beleid in de praktijk blijven dan te veel uit het zicht, en daarmee ook de werkelijke effectiviteit van beleid. Het institutionaliseren van ook deze twee criteria via een vernieuwde Regeling Periodiek Evaluatieonderzoek (RPE) zal resulteren in beter beleid en politieke verantwoording. De cultuuromslag ontstaat vanzelf wanneer de vernieuwde RPE een vanzelfsprekende manier van werken wordt. Een cultuuromslag is wel degelijk te realiseren met een voorschrift. Eenvoudiger, sneller, goedkoper en met minder politiek risico.
éDesistance’ en slachtoffer-daderbemiddeling in Belgié
Authors: Aertsen Ivo , Lauwaert Katrien
Published: February 2018

Desistance and victim-offender mediation in Belgium – The decisive role of the mediator

This article presents some of the results of a study in which 25 adult men were interviewed who took part in restorative mediation in the French speaking part of Belgium and were desisting from crime. Their narratives were used to find out whether participation in restorative justice influenced positively their journey towards desistance; if so, which factors in restorative mediation supported this change process and how these factors had been helpful. The results suggest that restorative mediation has the potential to contribute to desistance in a humble, but significant way. Core aspects of mediation supported mostly already started desistance processes and they were helpful in a mainly cognitive way. The authors propose to further investigate the specific and helpful ‘presence’ of mediators and to reflect upon the apparent absence in restorative mediation of practical follow-up support towards desistance.