bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency: homozygous recessive inheritance of a frameshift mutation in the gene encoding transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein–ε
Authors: Gombart Adrian F. , Shiohara Masaaki , Kwok Scott H. , Agematsu Kazunaga , Komiyama Atsushi , Koeffler H. Phillip
Published: July 2002

Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare congenital disorder. The neutrophils of individuals with SGD display atypical bi-lobed nuclei, lack expression of all secondary and tertiary granule proteins, and possess defects in chemotaxis, disaggregation, receptor up-regulation, and bactericidal activity, resulting in frequent and severe bacterial infections. Previously, a homozygous mutation in theCCAAT/enhancer binding protein–ε (C/EBPε) gene was reported for one case of SGD. To substantiate the role of C/EBPε in the development of SGD and elucidate its mechanism of inheritance, the mutational status of the gene was determined in a second individual. An A-nucleotide insertion in the coding region of the C/EBPε gene was detected. This mutation completely abolished the predicted translation of all C/EBPε isoforms. Microsatellite and nucleotide sequence analyses of the C/EBPε locus in the parents of the proband indicated that the disorder may have resulted from homozygous recessive inheritance of the mutant allele from an ancestor shared by both parents. The mutant C/EBPε32 protein localized in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus and was unable to activate transcription. Consistent with this, a significant decrease in the levels of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the secondary granule protein human 18-kd cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18)/LL-37 and the primary granule protein bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein were observed in the patient. The hCAP-18 mRNA was induced by overexpression of C/EBPε32 in the human myeloid leukemia cell line, U937, supporting the hypothesis that C/EBPε is a key regulator of granule gene synthesis. This study strongly implicates mutation of theC/EBPε gene as the primary genetic defect involved in the development of neutrophil SGD and defines its mechanism of inheritance.
Preferential and persistent depletion of CCR5+T-helper lymphocytes with nonlymphoid homing potential despite early treatment of primary HIV infection
Authors: Krzysiek Roman , Rudent Annick , Bouchet-Delbos Laurence , Foussat Arnaud , Boutillon Claudie , Portier Alain , Ingrand Didier , Sereni Daniel , Galanaud Pierre , Grangeot-Keros Liliane , Emilie Dominique ,   the ANRS O86 PRIMOFERON A Study Group
Published: July 2002

Strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted between individuals use the CCR5 coreceptor, but no preferential depletion of particular Th-lymphocyte subpopulations has been reported during primary HIV infection (PHI). In contrast, gut-associated Th lymphocytes are preferentially depleted in macaques recently infected by simian immunodeficiency virus. The expression of CCR5 and the intestinal homing receptor integrin α4β7 on subpopulations of Th lymphocytes was studied in 12 patients with PHI. There was a profound decrease of circulating α4β7+ Th lymphocytes and CCR5+ memory Th lymphocytes with nonlymphoid homing potential (CD62L−CD45RO+). Unlike other Th lymphocytes, this cell population remained depleted despite early control of viral replication under antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, HIV preferentially targets a specific CCR5+ subpopulation of Th lymphocytes early during infection, inducing its persistent depletion despite treatment. Protective immunity in vivo depends on Th lymphocytes carrying homing capacity to nonlymphoid tissue, and therefore these data may explain the persistent abnormalities of immune functions in patients infected with HIV.
Interaction of calmodulin with the cytoplasmic domain of the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex
Authors: Andrews Robert K. , Munday Adam D. , Mitchell Christina A. , Berndt Michael C.
Published: July 2002

Engagement of platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V by von Willebrand factor triggers Ca++-dependent activation of αIIbβ3, resulting in (patho)physiological thrombus formation. It is demonstrated here that the cytoplasmic domain of GPIb-IX-V associates with cytosolic calmodulin. First, an anti-GPIbα antibody coimmunoprecipitated GPIb-IX and calmodulin from platelet lysates. Following platelet stimulation, calmodulin dissociated from GPIb-IX and, like the GPIb-IX–associated proteins 14-3-3ζ and p85, redistributed to the activated cytoskeleton. Second, a synthetic peptide based on the cytoplasmic sequence of GPIbβ, R149–L167 (single-letter amino acid codes), affinity-isolated calmodulin from platelet cytosol in the presence of Ca++ as confirmed by comigration with bovine calmodulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gels, by sequence analysis, and by immunoreactivity with the use of an anticalmodulin antibody. The membrane-proximal GPIbβ sequence was analogous to a previously reported calmodulin-binding sequence in the leukocyte adhesion receptor, L-selectin. In addition, the cytoplasmic sequence of GPV, K529–G544, was analogous to a calmodulin-binding IQ motif within the α1c subunit of L-type Ca++ channels. Calmodulin coimmunoprecipitated with GPV from resting platelet lysates, but was dissociated in stimulated platelets. A GPV-related synthetic peptide also bound calmodulin and induced a Ca++-dependent shift on nondenaturing gels. Together, these results suggest separate regions of GPIb-IX-V can directly bind calmodulin, and this novel interaction potentially regulates aspects of GPIb-IX-V–dependent platelet activation.
Tetramer-based quantification of cytomegalovirus (CMV)–specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in T-cell–depleted stem cell grafts and after transplantation may identify patients at risk for progressive CMV infection
Authors: Gratama Jan W. , van Esser Joost W. J. , Lamers Cor H. J. , Tournay Claire , Löwenberg Bob , Bolhuis Reinder L. H. , Cornelissen Jan J.
Published: July 2002

Recovery of cytomegalovirus (CMV)–specific T-cell–mediated immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is critical for protection against CMV disease. The study used fluorochrome-conjugated tetrameric complexes of HLA-A2 molecules loaded with the immunodominant NLVPMVATV (NLV) peptide derived from the CMV protein pp65 to quantify A2-NLV–specific CD8+ T cells in partially T-cell–depleted grafts administered to 27 HLA-A*0201+ patients and to monitor recovery of these T cells during the first 12 months after SCT. None of the 9 CMV-seronegative patients became infected with CMV, whereas 14 of 18 CMV-seropositive patients developed CMV antigenemia after SCT. CMV-seropositive recipients of grafts from CMV-seronegative donors required more preemptive treatment with ganciclovir (GCV) than those of grafts from CMV-seropositive donors (3 [1-6] versus 1 [0-3] courses, respectively; P = .009). The number of A2-NLV–specific CD8+ T cells in the grafts correlated inversely with the number of preemptive GCV courses administered (r = −0.61; P = .01). None of the 9 CMV-seronegative patients mounted a CMV-specific immune response as measured by monitoring A2-NLV–specific CD8+ T cells after SCT. Thirteen of 14 CMV-seropositive patients without CMV disease recovered these T cells. In spite of preemptive GCV treatment, CMV disease developed in 4 patients, who all failed to recover A2-NLV–specific CD8+ T cells after SCT(P = .002). Thus, enumeration of HLA-restricted, CMV-specific CD8+ T cells in the grafts and monitoring of these T cells after SCT may constitute a rapid and sensitive tool to identify SCT recipients at risk for developing CMV disease.
Adhesion to fibronectin selectively protects Bcr-Abl+cells from DNA damage–induced apoptosis
Authors: van der Kuip Heiko , Goetz Alexander W. , Miething Cornelius , Duyster Justus , Aulitzky Walter E.
Published: July 2002

The phenotype of Bcr-Abl–transformed cells is characterized by a growth factor-independent survival and a reduced susceptibility to apoptosis. Furthermore, Bcr-Abl kinase alters adhesion features by phosphorylating cytoskeletal and/or signaling proteins important for integrin function. Integrin-mediated adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules is critical for the regulation of growth and apoptosis. However, effects of integrin signaling on regulation of apoptosis in cells expressing Bcr-Abl are largely unknown. The influence of adhesion on survival and apoptosis in Bcr-Abl+ and Bcr-Abl− BaF3 cells was investigated. p185bcr-abl–transfected BaF3 cells preadhered to immobilized fibronectin had a significant survival advantage and reduced susceptibility to apoptosis following γ-irradiation when compared with the same cells grown on laminin, on polylysin, or in suspension. Both inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase by STI571 and inhibition of specific adhesion reversed the fibronectin-mediated antiapoptotic effect in BaF3p185. The DNA damage response of Bcr-Abl−BaF3 cells was not affected by adhesion to fibronectin. In contrast to parental BaF3 cells, BaF3p185 adherent to fibronectin did not release cytochrome c to the cytosol following irradiation. The fibronectin-mediated antiapoptotic mechanism in Bcr-Abl–active cells was not mediated by overexpression of Bcl-XL or Bcl-2 but required an active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K). Kinase-active Bcr-Abl in combination with fibronectin-induced integrin signaling led to a hyperphosphorylation of AKT. Thus, cooperative activation of PI-3K/AKT by Bcr-Abl and integrins causes synergistic protection of Bcr-Abl+ cells from DNA damage–induced apoptosis.
Lentiviral gene transfer into peripheral blood–derived CD34+ NOD/SCID-repopulating cells
Authors: Scherr Michaela , Battmer Karin , Blömer Ulrike , Schiedlmeier Bernd , Ganser Arnold , Grez Manuel , Eder Matthias
Published: July 2002

This study reports a lentiviral gene transfer protocol for efficient transduction of adult human peripheral blood (PB)–derived CD34+ NOD/SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) using vesicular stomatitis virus–G protein (VSV-G)–pseudotyped lentiviruses encoding for enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP). Lentiviral stocks were concentrated by anion exchange chromatography, and transduction was performed under serum-free conditions at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) between 3 and 50. Similar transduction efficiencies were achieved in the presence and absence of cytokines. Transduction of PB-derived CD34+cells at a MOI of 3 resulted in gene transfer efficiencies into SRCs of 9.2% and 12.0% in the absence and presence of cytokines, respectively. Using improved lentiviral vectors, transduction frequency varied between 42.0% (MOI 10) and 36.0% (MOI 50) with multilineage transgene expression within SRC-derived myeloid and lymphoid cells. The protocol described can be adapted for clinical application of lentiviral gene transfer into PB-derived CD34+ cells from adult patients.
Long-Term Medical Outcomes and Quality-of-Life Assessment of Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Followed at Least 10 Years After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Kiss T.L. , Abdolell M. , Jamal N. , Minden M.D. , Lipton J.H. , Messner H.A.
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: Benchmark analysis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) alive for more than 10 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) including data on disease status, bone marrow reserve, long-term complications, and quality of life (QOL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine patients (46 in first chronic phase, 43 in advanced phase) received an allogeneic BMT for CML during the study period. Medical outcomes and QOL of patients were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight (31.5%) of 89 patients were alive at 10 years and included in this analysis. Thirteen (46.4%) of 28 long-term survivors never relapsed. Fifteen patients relapsed between 0.5 and 16 years after transplantation. Ten patients showed a hematologic relapse and received salvage treatment. Five patients showed transient low levels of BCR-ABL–positive cells by Southern blot with no subsequent hematologic relapse. One of the 28 patients died in blast crisis at 12 years. The most frequent long-term complications were chronic graft-versus-host disease, osteoporosis, and cataracts. Frequency of clonogenic progenitors remained persistently decreased. QOL assessment yielded lower scores in physical performance as compared with an age-matched normative population, whereas social functioning was equivalent. A high degree of satisfaction was noted with interpersonal relationships.

CONCLUSION: Patients with CML surviving their BMT long term do well in terms of medical outcomes. A constant rate of relapse was noted, with a high salvage rate of affected patients, suggesting the need for lifelong monitoring. QOL is perceived as good, particularly as related to social functioning; however, it is inferior to a normative population with regard to physical performance.
Trends in Female Physicians Entering High-Compensation Specialties, 2008 to 2022
Authors: Pereira-Lima Karina , Sen Srijan , Changolkar Sujatha , Frank Elena , Bohnert Amy S. B.
Published: September 2024

This study examines US trends in the proportion of female applicants and matriculants to residency programs for high-compensation surgical and nonsurgical pipeline specialties during 2008-2022.
Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population
Authors: Arun Adith S. , Caraballo César , Sawano Mitsuaki , Lu Yuan , Khera Rohan , Yancy Clyde W. , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the specific causes of death associated with the disparities in all-cause mortality between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations, as well as their changes over time.
Linking Data on Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in Youths to Assess Disease Burden
Authors: Magee Lauren A. , Ortiz Damaris , Adams Zachary W. , Raymond Jodi L. , Marriott Brigid R. , Landman Matthew P. , O’Neill Joseph , Davis Tiffany L. , Williams Jamie , Adams Kendale , Belchos Jessica , Fortenberry J. Dennis , Jenkins Peter C. , Ranney Megan L.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study estimates the incidence of nonfatal firearm injuries among children and young adults after linking patient-level police and trauma registry data.
Racial Disparities and Achievement of the Low Lupus Disease Activity State: A CARRA Registry Study
Authors: Soulsby William Daniel , Olveda Rebecca , He Jie , Berbert Laura , Weller Edie , Barbour Kamil E. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Schanberg Laura E. , von Scheven Emily , Hersh Aimee , Son Mary Beth F. , Chang Joyce , Knight Andrea ,   the CARRA Registry Investigators
Published: September 2024

Objective

Differential disease control may contribute to racial disparities in outcomes of childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). We evaluated associations of race and individual‐ or neighborhood‐level social determinants of health (SDoH) with achievement of low lupus disease activity state (LLDAS), a clinically relevant treatment target.

Methods

In this cSLE cohort study using the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry, the primary exposure was self‐reported race and ethnicity, and collected SDoH included insurance status and area deprivation index (ADI). Outcomes included LLDAS, disease activity, and time‐averaged prednisone exposure. Associations among race and ethnicity, SDoH, and disease activity were estimated with multivariable regression models, adjusting for disease‐related and demographic factors.

Results

Among 540 children with cSLE, 27% identified as Black, 25% identified as White, 23% identified as Latino/a, 11% identified as Asian, 9% identified as more than one race, and 5% identified as other. More Black children (41%) lived in neighborhoods of highest ADI compared to White children (16%). Black race was associated with lower LLDAS achievement (adjusted odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.82) and higher disease activity (adjusted β 0.94, 95% CI 0.11–1.78). The highest ADI was not associated with lower LLDAS achievement on adjustment for renal disease and insurance. However, renal disease was found to be a significant mediator (P = 0.04) of the association between ADI and prednisone exposure.

Conclusions

Children with cSLE who identified as Black are less likely to achieve LLDAS and have a higher disease activity. Living in areas of higher ADI may relate to renal disease and subsequent prednisone exposure. Strategies to address root causes will be important to design interventions mitigating cSLE racial disparities.
Flexible and Large‐Scale Liquid Metal Frequency‐Selective Surfaces: Enhanced Tuning through Mechanical Reconfiguration
Authors: Wang Kuan , Ma Yunpeng , Wang Yang , Chen Jiayun , Zhu Yunfan , Li Min , Ma Yinji , Fan Xuanqing , Li Yuhang
Published: September 2024

The tuning capability is crucial for broadening the application possibilities of frequency‐selective surfaces (FSSs). Flexible and stretchable FSSs have attracted widespread research interest due to their ability for adhering to curved surfaces conformally and reconfiguring electromagnetic (EM) wave transmission performance mechanically. However, conventional metal FSSs lack sufficient flexibility and deformability due to material constraints, resulting in diminished durability and limited EM tuning range. In this article, a design approach for flexible liquid metal FSS (LMFSS), which can conform to curved structures and achieve a wide range of EM wave tuning via mechanical stretching without structural damage, is presented. The fabrication of LMFSS is simplified using silicone elastomer curing and liquid metal inkjet printing, avoiding the complexities of traditional microchannel techniques. In the experimental results, it is demonstrated that the designed LMFSS achieves a tuning range of up to 16% under biaxial stretch strains not more than 25%. The tuning mechanism is explored through mechanical–EM simulations and equivalent circuit analyses. Additionally, the tuning phenomenon observed in another flexible LMFSS in this study underscores the portability of the design approach and tuning mechanism. In this research, a promising direction for tunable flexible LMFSS applications is offered.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Bio Mg Alloy Scaffolds Prepared via a Novel Method
Authors: Yu Leiting , Liu Hao , Li Zhe , Li Wei , Zhao Yun , Zhang Jingyu , Lyu Shaoyuan , Chen Minfang
Published: September 2024

Mg alloy scaffolds can be used as repair materials for human bone defects. Herein, porous Mg–1Zn–1Ca–0.5Mn alloy scaffolds with different pore sizes of the primitive model are prepared by combining 3D‐printed pure Ti templates and infiltration casting Mg alloy method. The results exhibit that the scaffold porosity ranges from 58.8 ± 1.4% to 63.3 ± 5.3% and the surface quality is good. Complete connectivity inside the scaffolds and the precise control of the pore structure are realized simultaneously. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds increase with increasing pore size; therefore, the LP scaffold displays the best mechanical performance with a yield strength of 9.88 ± 0.33 MPa. The simulation results are in good consistent with the experimental results. The reticular second phase provides a barrier to the Mg matrix during corrosion, which improves the corrosion resistance of the scaffolds as the increase of pore size. Therefore, the corrosion rate of the LP scaffolds is only 2.35 ± 1.28 mm year−1 after 200 h of immersion. Furthermore, MC‐3T3 cells adhere on the surface of Mg–1Zn–1Ca–0.5Mn alloy scaffolds, indicating that Mg–1Zn–1Ca–0.5Mn alloy scaffolds have excellent biocompatibility.
Multifunctional Ammonium Sulfide Enables Highest Efficiency Lead–Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Song Jing , Kong Tengfei , Zhao Zihan , Zhang Yang , Liu Yinjiang , Bi Dongqin
Published: September 2024

The commonly used hole transport layer (HTL) Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) still has some shortcomings that will limit the development of Pb–Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, multifunctional ammonium sulfide (AS) is attempted to modify PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface. AS has multiple effects on different functional layers and the device as a whole: a) optimize the perovskite crystallization by the formation of PbS nucleation sites; b) neutralize the acidity of PEDOT:PSS by reaction with PSS; c) promote carrier transport at HTL/perovskite interface by tuning the energy level of PEDOT:PSS. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 24.23% is obtained in the reverse scanning direction and 23.84% in the steady‐state output power test for the single‐junction Pb–Sn PSCs, and 27.48% for all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. These results show that AS modification can be an effective way to boost the development of Pb–Sn PSCs.
Advanced Dual‐Band Smart Windows: Inorganic All‐Solid‐State Electrochromic Devices for Selective Visible and Near‐Infrared Modulation
Authors: Chen Mingjun , Deng Jianbo , Zhang Hulin , Zhang Xiang , Yan Dukang , Yao Gengxin , Hu Liping , Sun Shuokun , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao
Published: September 2024

Dual‐band electrochromic smart windows (DESWs), capable of actively and selectively modulate visible (VIS) light and near‐infrared (NIR) heat, have emerged as a practical technology for enhancing user comfort and reducing building energy consumption. However, the design and development of DESWs remain a significant challenge due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable materials and high‐durability electrolytes. Here, the first all‐solid‐state DESW based on an orthorhombic oxygen‐deficient tungsten oxide (o‐WO3‐x) film is presented. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the efficient oxygen‐vacancy‐enhanced charge transfer process and the secure transfer pathway enabled by the orthorhombic crystal structure, the o‐WO3‐x film showcases remarkable dual‐band electrochromic properties, including selective modulation of VIS light and NIR heat, large optical modulation (89.1%), rapid response time (tb/tc = 6.8/17.9 s), high coloration efficiency (155.92 cm2 C−1), and ultrastable cyclic performance (8000 cycles) even in acidic aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, the all‐solid‐state DESWs incorporating o‐WO3‐x deliver a significant and stable dual‐band electrochromic response with excellent thermal regulation and energy‐saving capabilities. These findings underscore the considerable potential of o‐WO3‐x films and their all‐solid‐state smart windows in decreasing building energy consumption.
Crystalline Orientation Control Enhanced Adhesion of Perovskite to Large‐Area Readout Board for High‐Performance X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Qian Wei , Huang Duan , Tang Yupu , Yang Wanshun , Li Han , Lei Renbo , Men Haoyu , Wang Xinwei , Yang Shihe
Published: September 2024

Halide perovskites are reputed as highly promising photoelectronic materials for direct X‐ray detectors, but realizing large‐area flat‐panel imaging requires to address the compatibility issue of the electronic, surficial, and mechanical properties between the perovskite and the readout circuit board. Here, a low‐dimensional MA3Bi2I9 perovskite is chosen to achieve a good match in a balancing act between the two by exploiting an orientation control strategy for perovskite film growth. The most striking consequence of the orientation controlled growth is the excellent adhesion of the thick perovskite film to the electronic board in large area and effectively addresses the charge sharing effect, which has been notoriously difficult to achieve. The resulting detector, exhibits an X‐ray imaging area of 2.8 × 3.2 cm, with a spatial resolution of 4.0 lp mm⁻¹, the highest yet achieved for polycrystalline perovskite detectors based on TFT backplanes, and a sensitivity of 588 µCGyair−1 cm−2 while maintaining a dark current below 10 nA cm⁻2, this is also the highest value recorded to date for polycrystalline zero‐dimensional perovskite detectors. This device clearly revealing the intricate internal structures of both biological specimens and industrial products. This outcome demonstrates the potential of zero‐dimensional perovskites in X‐ray planar imaging and highlights the critical role of orientation control strategies.
Constructing LiF‐Enriched Solid Electrolyte Interface on Graphene Arrays with Abundant Edges on Microscale Si‐C Anodes Toward High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ge Ke , Wang Zhenhong , Liu Jie , Mu Yongbiao , Wang Rui , Xu Xiaoqian , Wang Yichun , Zou Zhiyu , Zhang Qing , Han Meisheng , Zeng Lin
Published: September 2024

Silicon (Si) anodes offer excellent lithium storage capacity for lithium‐ion batteries but face practical limitations due to significant volume expansion and low intrinsic electrical conductivity. These issues lead to side reactions that consume the electrolyte and impede ion‐electron transport, resulting in low areal loading (<2 mg cm⁻²) and restricted energy density. To address this, a scalable method is developed using spray drying of commercial graphite flakes (s‐Gr) and nanosilicon particles (n‐Si), followed by chemical vapor deposition to create microscale Si/C anodes (s‐Gr/n‐Si/VGs). Thin vertical graphene nanosheets (VGs) are grown on the surfaces and within the internal pores, forming a robust, micron‐sized Si/C spherical composite material. The VGs construct the conductive network, allowing the electrodes to operate at high areal loadings without pulverization and promoting LiF‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase for improved cycling stability. The s‐Gr/n‐Si/VGs maintain a capacity of 641.9 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 11.0 mg cm⁻², retaining 95.9% capacity. In pouch cells with NCM811 cathodes, the 5.0 Ah‐level cells achieved 80.0% capacity retention after 510 cycles at 1.0 C. This research provides a feasible pathway for manufacturing high‐performance, low‐cost, and scalable Si/C anodes suitable for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries.
Lignin‐Based Macromolecular Photoinitiator for Non‐Migration, Self‐Adhesive, and Water‐Resistant Eutectogels toward Underwater Reliable Communication
Authors: Luo Tong , Qi Ji , Yu Juan , Wang Chunpeng , Chu Fuxiang , Wang Jifu
Published: September 2024

Hydrophobic conductive gels have attracted much attention in underwater sensing as the soft robots and wearable sensors. Among the various methods for preparing conductive gels, UV‐initiated polymerization shows advantages of rapid curing and significant energy savings. However, traditional commonly used photoinitiators in UV‐initiated polymerization often migrate or diffuse within conductive gels, especially with prolonged use or underwater, posing potential environmental and health risks. Herein, a novel lignin‐based macromolecular photoinitiator (L‐BF) is first designed by incorporating benzoylformate into the lignin backbone, demonstrating excellent UV absorption, high radical initiation efficiency, and hydrophobicity. Subsequently, hydrophobic eutectogels (HEG) are prepared via UV‐initiated polymerization using L‐BF as photoinitiator. The HEG shows excellent mechanical properties (toughness of 5.67 MJ m−3 and strain of 941%) and scarcely L‐BF migration underwater. Moreover, the hydrophobic network of L‐BF endowed HEG with hydrophobicity (water contact angle exceeds 110°; swelling ratio is <5.8%), superior underwater adhesion (255 kPa), even maintained excellent sensing performance (gauge factor of 4.69), and long‐term reproducibility (20 000 cycles) in air and underwater. Validation confirms the potential of HEG as an effective wearable sensor for underwater posture monitoring and communication, advancing the use of lignin and low‐migration conductive gels in marine exploration.
Structure–Activity Relationships in Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Han Jingyi , Sun Jingru , Chen Siyu , Zhang Siying , Qi Luoluo , Husile Anaer , Guan Jingqi
Published: September 2024

Oxygen electrocatalysis, as the pivotal circle of many green energy technologies, sets off a worldwide research boom in full swing, while its large kinetic obstacles require remarkable catalysts to break through. Here, based on summarizing reaction mechanisms and in situ characterizations, the structure–activity relationships of oxygen electrocatalysts are emphatically overviewed, including the influence of geometric morphology and chemical structures on the electrocatalytic performances. Subsequently, experimental/theoretical research is combined with device applications to comprehensively summarize the cutting‐edge oxygen electrocatalysts according to various material categories. Finally, future challenges are forecasted from the perspective of catalyst development and device applications, favoring researchers to promote the industrialization of oxygen electrocatalysis at an early date.
Supramolecular Architectures of Dendritic Polymers Provide Irreversible Inhibitor to Block Viral Infection
Authors: Mohammadifar Ehsan , Gasbarri Matteo , Dimde Mathias , Nie Chuanxiong , Wang Heyun , Povolotsky Tatyana L. , Kerkhoff Yannic , Desmecht Daniel , Prevost Sylvain , Zemb Thomas , Ludwig Kai , Stellacci Francesco , Haag Rainer
Published: September 2024

In Nature, most known objects can perform their functions only when in supramolecular self‐assembled from, e.g. protein complexes and cell membranes. Here, a dendritic polymer is presented that inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with an irreversible (virucidal) mechanism only when self‐assembled into a Two‐dimmensional supramolecular polymer (2D‐SupraPol). Monomeric analogs of the dendritic polymer can only inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 reversibly, thus allowing for the virus to regain infectivity after dilution. Upon assembly, 2D‐SupraPol shows a remarkable half‐inhibitory concentration (IC50 30 nM) in vitro and in vivo in a Syrian Hamster model has a good efficacy. Using cryo‐TEM, it is shown that the 2D‐SupraPol has a controllable lateral size that can be tuned by adjusting the pH and use small angle X‐ray and neutron scattering to unveil the architecture of the supramolecular assembly. This functional 2D‐SupraPol, and its supramolecular architecture are proposed, as a prophylaxis nasal spray to inhibit the virus interaction with the respiratory tract.
An Ultrastable Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Battery Using a Covalent Organic Framework Anode
Authors: Tian Zhengnan , Kale Vinayak S. , Thomas Simil , Kandambeth Sharath , Nadinov Issatay , Wang Yizhou , Wahyudi Wandi , Lei Yongjiu , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Bonneau Mickaele , Shekhah Osama , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: September 2024

Aqueous ammonium ion batteries have garnered significant research interest due to their safety and sustainability advantages. However, the development of reliable ammonium‐based full batteries with consistent electrochemical performance, particularly in terms of cycling stability, remains challenging. A primary issue stems from the lack of suitable anode materials, as the relatively large NH4+ ions can cause structural damage and material dissolution during battery operation. To address this challenge, an Aza‐based covalent organic framework (COF) material is introduced as an anode for aqueous ammonium ion batteries. This material exhibits superior ammonium storage capabilities compared to existing anode materials. It operates effectively within a negative potential range of 0.3 to‒1.0 V versus SCE, achieves high capacity even at elevated current densities (≈74 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and demonstrates exceptional stability, retaining a capacity over 20 000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Furthermore, by pairing this COF anode with a Prussian blue cathode, an ammonium rocking‐chair full battery is developedd that maintains 89% capacity over 20 000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1, surpassing all previously reported ammonium ion full batteries. This study offers insights for the design of future anodes for ammonium ion batteries and holds promise for high‐energy storage solutions.
Parallel Concentric Wrinkled Polydimethylsiloxane Patterns and Their Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kim Tai‐Yong , Kim Hyun Jung , Lim Min‐Cheol , Kim Young‐Rok
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to examine microbial behavior by fabricating and applying parallel concentric wrinkled patterns to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The patterns are generated and subsequently relaxed in a rigid silica layer, resulting in the formation of discernible wrinkles that can be analyzed using electron microscopy and light diffraction. The alignment of E. coli and silica microparticles is facilitated by these structures along the creases. Within these creases, E. coli exhibits enhanced attachment and rotational mobility in regions characterized by hydrophobic cracks. Furthermore, the bacteria demonstrate an increase in velocity when propelled by the PDMS creases, suggesting that these structures are capable of guiding microbial motion. In addition, distinct alignment and growth patterns are observed for E. coli proliferation within the PDMS microchannels under confined conditions. The analysis of bacterial morphology and gene expression in response to chemical stimuli, such as isopropyl‐β‐D‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) gradients, demonstrates that the chemical environment has a substantial impact; filamentous cells aligned along the creases. These results illustrate the efficacy of parallel concentric wrinkled PDMS patterns in establishing regulated conditions for investigating microbial behavior and represent significant contributions to the fields of microbiology and biomedicine.
Temperature‐Dependent Reversible Afterglow Between Green, Orange, and Red in Dual‐Delay Organic Doped Material
Authors: Chen Jianai , Liu Jin , Zeng Liang , Dong Guangsheng , Guo Xiaosong , Sun Mingjiao , Liu Haichao , Dong Yujie , Zhang Cheng , Li Weijun
Published: September 2024

Achieving a wide‐range color‐tunable and dynamically long‐afterglow emission in a single‐doped system remains a challenge. In this study, a unique host‐guest doped material, TPA‐PTPQ/TPA, exhibits dual‐delay emission at 516 and 605 nm, both with long lifetimes of up to 108 and 145 ms, which derives from thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) mechanisms, respectively. Notably, this host‐guest material demonstrates a temperature‐dependent dynamically reversible afterglow characteristic, transitioning green, orange, and red with a substantial spectra shift of ≈90 nm under different temperature conditions. This phenomenon is due to the diverse temperature effect on TADF and RTP emissions. These remarkable luminescence properties are successfully applied in security checks and anti‐counterfeiting encryption. This study provides valuable insights into the design of dynamically reversible dual‐delay‐emissive long‐afterglow luminescent materials based on a host‐guest doping system.
Multipurpose Fluorescent Nanocarriers: Environmental Behavior, Toxicity and Internalization on Marine Microalgae
Authors: Campos Bruno G. , Kaczerewska Olga , Oliveira Jacinta M. M. , Figueiredo Joana , Maia Frederico , Tedim João , Sousa Isabel , Abessa Denis M. S. , Loureiro Susana , Martins Roberto
Published: September 2024

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), such as silica mesoporous nanocapsules (SiNC), have emerged as a powerful tool for the controlled delivery and release of active compounds in various fields. However, the environmental impact of SiNC on marine biota, particularly when they enter the marine environment through wastewater effluents or direct release from maritime coatings, remains poorly understood. Studying their effects is thus crucial for environmental and human health protection, the development of safe‐by‐design ENMs, and informed policy‐making. This study aims to assess the ecotoxicological effects and internalization of industrially‐relevant SiNC in marine phytoplankton, namely on the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii, Nannochloropsis gaditana, and Isochrysis galbana, and diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Chaetoceros calcitrans. For this purpose, a fluorescent nanocarrier (SiNC‐UMB) is developed by labeling the SiNC with the fluorescent natural dye umbelliferone (UMB). UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic analyses confirmed the successful loading of UMB into SiNC. Phytoplankton can internalize these ENMs, even at low concentrations, although adsorption to the cell wall can also occur. This confirms the internal exposure and growth inhibition observed in the microalgae. These findings highlight the potential of using SiNC‐UMB as a valuable tool for tracking their uptake and assessing their effects on marine biota and beyond.
Highly Stable Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by Manipulating the Fluorinated Organic Components of Solid‐Electrolyte‐Interphase
Authors: Wang Chaozhi , Dai Shuqi , Wu Kaihang , Liu Shuchang , Cui Jingqin , Shi Yu , Cao Xinrui , Wei Qiulong , Fang Xiaoliang , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: September 2024

Na metal batteries (NMBs) stand at the forefront of advancing energy storage technologies, but are severely hampered by Na dendrite issues, especially when using carbonate electrolytes. Suppressing the growth of Na dendrites through constructing NaF‐rich solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) is a commonly‐used strategy to prolong the lifespan of NMBs. In contrast, fluorinated organic SEI components are often underutilized. Inspired by unveiling the adsorption configuration of fluorinated organic compounds on the surface of Na metal, an optimized SEI architecture for stabilizing NMBs is proposed by investigating the C4H9SO2F‐/C4F9SO2F‐treated Na metal anodes. It is revealed that the SEI built on a fluorinated inorganic/organic hybrid layer exhibit favorable Na passivation capability, significantly improving Na deposition behavior. As a result, the NMB with a high‐loading cathode (15 mg cm−2) and a negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P) ratio of 4 shows a long‐term life span over 1000 cycles with 92.8% capacity retention at 2 C. This work opens a new pathway for developing robust and high‐energy‐density NMBs.
Enhancing HER catalyst screening of modified MXenes through DFT and machine learning integration
Authors: Xu Hui , Lv Wenhao , Yang Shaojie , Yang Shuna , Liu Yawei , Huo Feng
Published: September 2024

MXenes doped with non‐metallic and transition metal elements exhibit remarkable potential as catalysts in the hydrogen energy. Nonetheless, efficiently identifying viable materials from a vast array of candidates remains a formidable challenge. Here, we conducted density functional theory (DFT) calculations to obtain the hydrogen adsorption free energy () of 78 types of doped TiVCO2 MXene catalysts. Then we employed machine learning models to categorize the values of the 78 catalysts, resulted in an accurate model which only uses 7 readily available elemental features but has an impressive accuracy of 93.6%. Our model successfully predicting 5 TiVCO2 catalysts doped with S with superior performance, subsequently validated through DFT calculations. This classification methodology not only evaluates the range of effectively but also facilitates qualitative prediction and screening of catalysts, presenting a novel approach for catalytic systems with limited available data.
Perspectives on Intelligence in Soft Robotics
Authors: Kortman Vera Gesina , Mazzolai Barbara , Sakes Aimeé , Jovanova Jovana
Published: September 2024

Engineers frequently aim to streamline environmental factors to facilitate the effective operation of robots. However, in nature, environmental considerations play a crucial role in shaping the embodiment of organisms. To comply robots with the complexity of real‐world environments, embedding similar intelligence is key. In the field of soft robotics, various approaches offer insight into how intelligence can be integrated into artificial agents. A discussed topic is the intricate relationship between the brain and the body at the core of intelligence in robots. The goal of this article is, therefore, to unravel the strategies to implement different types of intelligence currently adopted in soft robots. A classification is made by making a distinction between agents that adapt to their environment by 1) their adaptive shape, 2) their adaptive functionality, and 3) their adaptive mechanics. Additionally, the perspectives on intelligence based on their computational approach are distinguished: centralized computation, decentralized computation, or embedded computation. It is concluded that a tailored robotic design approach attuned to specific environmental demands is needed. To unlock the full potential of soft robots, a fresh perspective on embodied intelligence is described, so‐called mechanical intelligence, emphasizing the robot's responsiveness to changing external conditions of a real‐world environment.
Microfluidic Encapsulation of DNAs in Liquid Beads for Digital Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Galogahi Fariba Malekpour , Strachan Simon , Yadav Ajeet Singh , Stratton Helen , Nguyen Nam‐Trung
Published: September 2024

Digital nucleic acid analysis has emerged as a prominent tool for the detection and absolute quantification of diverse pathogens. Digital loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (dLAMP) offers highly sensitive, specific, time‐efficient, and cost‐effective nucleic acid amplification. However, existing dLAMP techniques face challenges such as droplet merging, reliance on surfactants, restricted partition capacities, and the potential for sample loss during heating. Herein, these issues are addressed by introducing liquid beads for sample partitioning. Compared to microwells, our approach overcomes the limitations of chamber dimensions, enabling the analysis of an unlimited number of digitized targets. Furthermore, our novel approach effectively addresses sample loss and merging during thermal processing and eliminates the need for surfactants. Accurate and reproducible the quantitative detection of the gene cluster XALB1 of leaf scald disease is conducted using dLAMP based on liquid beads to verify its availability. The results demonstrate a high correlation between target concentration and positive signals, indicating the robust performance of our technique. A comparative analysis is then performed between dLAMP using liquid beads and using single droplets. Benchmarking these two techniques highlights the effectiveness of our innovative technique in overcoming existing challenges in dLAMP.
Clay Nanosheet‐Based Nanocomposite Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabling Rapid, Reversible Phase Transition Only with Visible Light
Authors: Fu Ye , Okuro Kou , Ding Jiandong , Aida Takuzo
Published: September 2024

High mechanical properties and rapid sol/gel phase transition are mutually exclusive in the hydrogels reported to date, most likely because the 3D crosslinked networks of mechanically robust hydrogels comprise bundled thick fibers that are not rapidly dissociable or formable. Herein, we report a visible light‐responsive hydrogel that showed a rapid, reversible sol/gel phase transition despite its relatively high mechanical properties (storage modulus ~103 Pa). To construct its 3D crosslinked network, we used a design strategy analogous to that employed for our highly water‐rich yet mechanically robust nanocomposite supramolecular hydrogel (“aqua material”). In this case, multiple poly(ethylene glycol) chains carrying ortho‐tetramethoxyazobenzene termini (AzoPEG) were noncovalently crosslinked by clay nanosheets (CNSs) with surface‐immobilized β‐cyclodextrin units using their seven guanidinium ion (Gu+) pendants (GuCD) via a multivalent salt‐bridge. When exposed to visible light at 625 and 450 nm, the azobenzene termini isomerized from trans‐to‐cis and cis‐to‐trans, respectively, and were detached from and attached to the surface‐immobilized GuCD units. The advantage of this CNS‐based nanocomposite supramolecular system is its simple 3D network structure, which forms and breaks rapidly without slow chain entangling and disentangling processes.
Site‐selective Photoredox‐Catalyzed Late‐stage Benzylic Hydrogen Isotope Exchange
Authors: Stinglhamer Martin , Kuhlmann Jan Hendrik , Martinelli Elisa , Perulli Stefania , Sandvoss Martin , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Derdau Volker , García Mancheño Olga
Published: September 2024

A highly regioselective visible light photoredox‐catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) of benzylic positions in both simple and complex molecules is reported. The process follows a dual catalytic approach using an acridinium photocatalyst in combination with a thiol‐based hydrogen atom transfer catalyst, while the use of D2O as an isotope source ensures operational simplicity and cost‐effectiveness. High reactivity has been achieved for electron‐rich benzylic positions. Moreover, targeted radical formation enables unprecedented selective HIE on intramolecular competing benzylic and alpha to heteroatom positions with moderate to excellent deuterium incorporation. The utility of the reaction was demonstrated on the late‐stage HIE of several natural compounds and drug derivatives. Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested a single electron transfer (SET) mechanism followed by deprotonation to generate the benzylic radical, and revealed the importance of halogenated solvents or additives. Upon a weak complexation of the halogenated species to the substrate, an oxidation potential lowering effect is induced, as well as a stabilization of the radical‐cation species through spin delocalization.
Cu−Bi Bimetallic Catalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Framework Arrays on Copper Foam for Efficient Glycine Electrosynthesis
Authors: Liao Peisen , Zeng Binning , Li Suisheng , Zhang Yuhao , Xiang Runan , Kang Jiawei , Liu Qinghua , Li Guangqin
Published: September 2024

Glycine as one of the most abundant amino acids in human proteins, with extensive applications in both life and industry, is conventionally synthesized through complex procedures or toxic feedstocks. In this study, we present a facile and benign electrochemical pathway for synthesis of glycine through reductive coupling of glyoxylic acid and nitrate over a copper‐bismuth bimetal catalyst derived from a metal–organic framework (MOF) array on copper foam (Cu/Bi−C@CF). Remarkably, Cu/Bi−C@CF achieves a fantastic selectivity of 89 %, corresponding a high Faraday efficiency of 65.9 %. From control experiments, the introduction of Bi caused the binding energy of Cu shift to a lower state, which leads to a high selectivity towards the formation of key intermediate hydroxylamine rather than ammonia product, facilitating the formation of oxime and providing additional sites for subsequent hydrogenation reaction on the way to glycine. Moreover, the derivation of MOF arrays ensures the effective dispersion of Bi and enhances the stability of Cu/Bi−C@CF. This innovative approach not only presents sustainable pathways for the production of value‐added organonitrogen compounds utilizing readily available carbon and nitrogen sources, but also provides novel insights into the design of multistage structural catalysts for sequential reactions.
Design and validation of AQUA CHILD—Pre‐aquatic questionnaire assessing child development
Authors: Frumer Merav Hadar , Napel Huib Ten , Yuste‐Sánchez Maria José , Rodríguez‐Costa Isabel
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We developed a proxy questionnaire for parents of children with Developmental Delay (DD) to provide comprehensive information for instructors about the child's functioning before participating in aquatic activities. This dedicated information will enable a high‐quality treatment plan to promote the child's functioning in everyday life.

Methods

Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Coreset development and linking rules method, a set of questions was constructed in a preliminary process. A draft version was sent to instructors and parents in Israel. Seventy‐five questionnaires from instructors and 25 from parents returned to the statistical analysis procedure. Reliability and face validity were analyzed by experts.

Results and conclusions

The questionnaire showed high validity and reliability for its purposes and allowed self‐completion by the parents.