bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-year longitudinal health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality: The PAHL Study
Authors: Toriola Oluwatoyi O. , Monyeki Makama A. , Toriola Abel L.
Published: October 2015

Aim: To evaluate a two-year longitudinal development of health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality, Potchefstroom, South Africa.Setting: A total of 283 high-school learners (111 boys and 172 girls) of ages 14 and 15 years who were part of the ongoing Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) participated in the study. For the purpose of the present study, data collected for 2011 and 2012 for anthropometric, body composition and health-related physical fitness were used.Results: Body mass index (BMI) classification of boys and girls for 2011 and 2012 showed that 24.3% of them were underweight compared with 21% in 2012. In 2011, 50% of boys and girls had normal bodyweight compared with 52% in 2012, whilst 25.5% of the total group of participants were overweight compared with 27% in 2012. Both boys and girls showed significant increases of 5.9% in body fat (BF) and 3.2 kg in body weight over two years’ measurements, respectively. Regarding health-related fitness (i.e BAH), boys showed an increase of 14.8 seconds whilst girls gained 9.6 seconds. Significant decreases were found for sit-ups in both boys and girls. A significant VO2max increase of 2.9 mL/kg/min. was found in boys over the time period. A non-significant decrease of -0.5 mL/kg/min. was observed in girls. Regression coefficients showed that changes in BMI were inversely associated with those in health-related physical fitness. The changes in percentage BF were negatively associated with standing broad jump (SBJ), bent arm hang (BAH) and VO2 max in both boys and girls. A low significant positive association was found between changes in waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and SBJ in both genders, whilst inverse low associations were found between WHtR and BAH in girls and for VO2max in both genders.Conclusion: Changes in BMI, %BF and WHtR were negatively associated with strength and running performances in the participating children. The relative increase in overweight, especially in girls, negatively affected their endurance running and static strength performances. The health implications of the observed findings are discussed and recommendations offered for physical activity intervention in school physical education (PE) programmes.
Human Herpes Virus-8-Associated Multicentric Castleman's Disease in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient with a Previous History of Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Huang Guan , Low Gavin
Published: October 2015

Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8)–associated Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare non-cancerous B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. We report a case of HHV-8–associated CD in an HIV-positive patient with a previous history of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The patient presented with progressive splenomegaly and diffuse lymphadenopathy, which can be seen in multicentric CD, KS, and HIV-associated lymphoma. There are no reliable clinical or imaging features to differentiate these diseases. Lymph node biopsy confirmed HHV-8–associated CD and excluded KS and lymphoma. Due to differences in treatment options and prognosis between the three etiologies, it is important for radiologists to include HHV-8–associated CD in the differential diagnosis when encountering HIV-positive patients that present with diffuse lymphadenopathy.
Stages of Change and Patient Activation Measure Scores in the Context of Incentive-Based Health Interventions
Authors: Becker Nora V. , Asch David A. , Kullgren Jeffrey T. , Bellamy Scarlett L. , Sen Aditi P. , Volpp Kevin G.
Published: October 2015

Purpose.

To determine if two widely used behavioral change measures—Stages of Change (SoC) and Patient Activation Measure (PAM)—correlate with each other, are affected by financial incentives, or predict positive outcomes in the context of incentive-based health interventions.

Design.

Secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials of incentives for weight loss and for improved diabetes self-monitoring.

Setting.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Newark, New Jersey.

Subjects.

A total of 132 obese and 75 diabetic adults enrolled in one of two trials.

Measures.

SoC and PAM scores; weight loss and usage rate of diabetes self-monitoring equipment.

Analysis.

Multiple regression; Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results.

We found no association between baseline SoC and PAM scores in either study (p = .30 and p = .89). Regression models showed no association between baseline PAM score and SoC and subsequent outcomes for either study (weight loss study: PAM: p = .14, SoC: p = .1; diabetes study: PAM: p = .45, SoC: p = .61). Change in PAM score and SoC among participants in the intervention groups did not differ by study arm or among participants with better outcomes.

Conclusion.

PAM score and SoC may not effectively predict success or monitor progress among individuals enrolled in incentive-based interventions.
Evaluating Your Health Promotion Program for the Return on Allocated Resources (ROAR) Factor
Authors: O'Donnell Michael P.
Published: October 2015

This article briefly describes how to structure a program evaluation to embrace the ROAR Factor. ROAR stands for return on allocated resources, which implies that we need to measure ALL the allocated resources, not just direct out-of-pocket costs, and ALL the returns, not just reductions in medical costs or similar objective outcomes. The ROAR Factor also means focusing programs on what makes people feel great, what makes them want to roar, and measuring how well we are doing in helping people feel great.
La Galería de las Máquinas de 1889. Reflexiones histórico-estructurales
Authors: Estévez Cimadevila Javier , López César Isaac
Published: October 2015

The Galerie des Machines of 1889 is present in most books on the history of architecture. There are, however, certain aspects of this building that merit a more in-depth study. Other elements have been incorrectly described in current and contemporary publications about the building. The aim of this article is to examine the place this building occupies in the historical development of metal arch structures, its precedents and the influence it has exerted on later buildings of a similar structure. On the other hand, there have also been contradictions concerning the materials used in the erection of the structure and the reasons behind using them, as well as the exact span achieved. This article will unequivocally resolve these issues.
Climatology of the ionospheric slab thickness along the longitude of 120° E in China and its adjacent region during the solar minimum years of 2007–2009
Authors: Huang Z. , Yuan H.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of the total electron content (TEC) to the ionospheric F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2). In this study, the slab thickness is determined by measuring the ionospheric TEC from dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data and the NmF2 from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC). A statistical analysis of the diurnal, seasonal and spatial variation in the ionospheric slab thickness is presented along the longitude of 120° E in China and its adjacent region during the recent solar minimum phase (2007–2009). The diurnal ratio, defined as the maximum slab thickness to the minimum slab thickness, and the night-to-day ratio, defined as the slab thickness during daytime to the slab thickness during night-time, are both analysed. The results show that the TEC of the northern crest is greater in winter than in summer, whereas NmF2 is greater in summer than in winter. A pronounced peak of slab thickness occurs during the post-midnight (00:00–04:00 LT) period, when the peak electron density is at the lowest level. A large diurnal ratio exists at the equatorial ionization anomaly, and a large night-to-day ratio occurs near the equatorial latitudes and mid- to high latitudes. It is found that the behaviours of the slab thickness and the F2 peak altitude are well correlated at the latitudes of 30–50° N and during the period of 10:00–16:00 LT. This current study is useful for improvement of the regional model and accurate calculation of the signal delay of radio waves propagating through the ionosphere.
Water quality, isoscapes and stoichioscapes of seagrasses indicate general P limitation and unique N cycling in shallow water benthos of Bermuda
Authors: Fourqurean J. W. , Manuel S. A. , Coates K. A. , Kenworthy W. J. , Boyer J. N.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Striking spatial patterns in stable isotope ratios (isoscapes) and elemental ratios (stoichioscapes) of seagrass leaves and the water column nutrients indicate general P-limitation of both water column and benthic primary productivity on the Bermuda Platform, and they highlight the role of the Bermuda Islands as a source of N and P. We found consistent differences among the four seagrass species (Syringodium filiforme, Thalassia testudinum, Halodule sp. and Halophila decipiens) in the N, P, δ13C and δ15N of leaf tissues. The δ15N of seagrass leaves was especially variable, with values from −10.1 to 8.8 ‰, greatly expanding the reported range of values for all seagrass species globally. Spatial patterns from both the water column and the seagrass leaves indicated that P availability was higher near shore, and δ15N values suggest this was likely a result of human waste disposal. Spatially contiguous areas of extremely depleted seagrass 15N suggest unique N sources and cycling compared to other seagrass-dominated environments. Seagrass N : P values were not as far from the stoichiometric balance between N and P availability as in the water column, and there were no strong relationships between the water column N : P and the seagrass N : P. Such isoscapes and stoichioscapes provide valuable ecogeochemical tools to infer ecosystem processes as well as provide information that can inform food web and animal movement studies.
Hydrological, chemical and isotopic budgets of Lake Chad: a quantitative assessment of evaporation, transpiration and infiltration fluxes
Authors: Bouchez C. , Goncalves J. , Deschamps P. , Vallet-Coulomb C. , Hamelin B. , Doumnang J.-C. , Sylvestre F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In the Sahelian belt, Lake Chad is a key water body for 13 million people who live on its resources. It experiences, however, substantial and frequent surface changes. Located at the center of one of the largest endorheic basins in the world, its waters remain surprisingly fresh. Its low salinity has been attributed to a low infiltration flow whose value remains poorly constrained. Understanding the lake's hydrological behavior in response to climate variability requires a better constraint of the factors that control its water and chemical balance. Based on the three-pool conceptualization of Lake Chad proposed by J. C. Bader, J. Lemoalle, and M. Leblanc (Bader et al., 2011), this study aims to quantify the total water outflow from the lake, the respective proportions of evaporation (E), transpiration (T) and infiltration (I), and the associated uncertainties. A Bayesian inversion method based on lake-level data was used, leading to total water loss estimates in each pool (ETI). Sodium and stable isotope mass balances were then used to separate total water losses into E, T and I components. Despite the scarcity of representative data available on the lake, the combination of these two geochemical tracers is relevant to assess the relative contribution of these three outflows involved in the control of the hydrological budget. Mean evapotranspiration rates were estimated at 2070 ± 100 and 2270 ± 100 mm yr−1 for the southern and northern pools respectively. Infiltration represents between 100 and 300 mm yr−1 but most of the water is evapotranspirated in the first few kilometers from the shorelines and does not efficiently recharge the Quaternary aquifer. Transpiration is shown to be significant, around 300 mm yr−1 and reaches 500 mm yr−1 in the vegetated zone of the archipelagos. Hydrological and chemical simulations reproduce the marked hydrological change between the normal lake state that occurred before 1972 and the small lake state after 1972 when the lake surface shrunk to a tenth of its size. According to our model, shrinking phases are efficient periods for salt evacuation from the lake towards the phreatic aquifer.
Simultaneous calibration of hydrological models in geographical space
Authors: Bárdossy A. , Huang Y. , Wagener T.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Hydrological models are usually calibrated for selected catchments individually using specific performance criteria. This procedure assumes that the catchments show individual behavior. As a consequence, the transfer of model parameters to other ungauged catchments is problematic. In this paper, the possibility of transferring part of the model parameters was investigated. Three different conceptual hydrological models were considered. The models were restructured by introducing a new parameter η which exclusively controls water balances. This parameter was considered as individual to each catchment. All other parameters, which mainly control the dynamics of the discharge (dynamical parameters), were considered for spatial transfer. Three hydrological models combined with three different performance measures were used in four different numerical experiments to investigate this transferability. The first numerical experiment, individual calibration of the models for 15 selected MOPEX catchments, showed that it is difficult to identify which catchments share common dynamical parameters. Parameters of one catchment might be good for another catchment but not reversed. In the second numerical experiment, a common spatial calibration strategy was used. It was explicitly assumed that the catchments share common dynamical parameters. This strategy leads to parameters which perform well on all catchments. A leave one out common calibration showed that in this case a good parameter transfer to ungauged catchments can be achieved. In the third numerical experiment, the common calibration methodology was applied for 96 catchments. Another set of 96 catchments were used to test the transfer of common dynamical parameters. The results show that even a large number of catchments share similar dynamical parameters. The performance is worse than those obtained by individual calibration, but the transfer to ungauged catchments remains possible. The performance of the common parameters in the second experiment was better than in the third, indicating that the selection of the catchments for common calibration is important. In the fourth numerical experiment, the common parameters obtained from the 96 US catchments were used to model two selected German catchments. The results indicate that the dynamical model parameters have skill even under very different conditions.
Rangeland degradation assessment: a new strategy based on indigenous ecological knowledge of pastoralists
Authors: Behmanesh B. , Barani H. , Abedi Sarvestani A. , Shahraki M. R. , Sharafatmandrad M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In the changing world, the prevalence of land degradation is becoming a serious problem worldwide especially in countries with arid and semiarid rangelands. There are many techniques to assess rangeland degradation but most of them rely on classic science. So a study was conducted to find out how indigenous people assess rangeland degradation and how their ecological knowledge can be used for rangeland degradation assessment. We interviewed pastoralists of two sites (Mirza-Baylu and Dasht) where part of both areas is located in Golestan National Park (NE Iran). A structured questionnaire was designed based on some indicators taken from literature and also primary discussions with pastoralists in order to evaluate land degradation. A qualitative Likert scale was used for scoring rangeland degradation indicators. The results revealed that pastoralist pay first attention to edaphic indicators than vegetative and other indicators. There were significant differences between inside and outside of the park in rangeland degradation indicators for both sites. The results show that the rangelands outside the park in both sites were degraded compare to inside the park especially in the areas near to villages. It can be concluded that pastoralists own a vast amount of knowledge on the vegetation and grazing animal habits that can be used in rangeland degradation assessment and it is necessary to document their ecological indigenous knowledge and involve them in rangeland degradation assessment process.
Modified carbon paste electrode as a tool for the evaluation of oxidative stability of rapeseed oil
Authors: Žabčí­ková Simona , Červenka Libor
Published: October 2015

Carbon paste electrode was used for evaluation of oxidative stability of rapeseed oil samples using cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 mol.L-1 HCl as a supporting electrolyte. Rapeseed oil samples were exposed to daylight and oxygen in open glass baker at the laboratory condition in order to obtain oils with accelerated primary and secondary products of oxidation. The oxidation status was determinated by peroxide value and p-anisidine value. Total oxidative stability was expressed as TOTOX index. The edible oils were used for preparation (modification) of the carbon paste composite material followed by the cyclic voltammetric measurement. Peroxide values significantly increased whereas p-anisinde value rather fluctuated during 40 days of storage in all the samples. Cyclic voltammograms showed anodic current peaks at 575 - 600 mV and cathodic current peaks at 400 - 425 mV. The oxidation and reduction waves diminished at pH ≥3.0 suggesting not only phenolic compounds contributed to the electrochemical characteristic of oil samples. The peroxide value or p-anisidine value did not correlate with oxidation or reduction peak currents at the potential 575 - 600 mV and 400 - 425 mV, respectively. Both cathodic and anodic currents increased with increasing TOTOX index exhibiting positive correlation with high Spearman correlation coefficient (r = 0.894 and r = 0.914 for anodic and cathodic current, respectively). Linear relationship was found for each sample individually. A caution has to be done when interpreting results since the correlation seems to be of oil sample specific. Nevertheless, the modified carbon paste electrode with rapeseed oil represents a suitable and alternative tool for determination of the oxidative state of edible oils without use of organic solvents.
Effects of storage on the major constituents of raw milk
Authors: Zajác Peter , Čapla Jozef , Vietoris Vladimí­r , Zubrická Stanislava , Čurlej Jozef
Published: October 2015

Milk testing and quality control should be carried out at all stages of the dairy chain. Milk can be tested for quantity, organoleptic characteristic, compositional characteristic, physical and chemical characteristics, hygienic characteristics, adulteration or drug residues. The content of the major constituents of raw milk is important for milk payment system. Enzymes naturally present in the milk can change the chemical composition of raw milk. Also, enzymes secreted by bacteria or enzymes from somatic cells can degrade the raw milk composition. Products of these degradation reactions can have undesirable effects on milk structure, smell and taste. It is very important that farm-fresh raw milk be cooled immediately to not more than 8 °C in the case of daily collection, or not more than 6 °C if collection is not daily. During transport the cold chain must be maintained. An authorized person, properly trained in the appropriate technique, shall perform sampling of bulk milk in farm. Laboratory samples should be dispatched immediately after sampling to the dairy company and consequently to the testing laboratory. The time for dispatch of the samples to the testing laboratory should be as short as possible, preferably within 24 h. Laboratory samples shall be transported and stored at temperature 1 to 5 °C. Higher temperatures may adversely affect the composition of the laboratory sample and may cause disputes between the farmer, the dairy company and the laboratory. The effect of refrigerated storage at temperature 4 °C during 24 h on the composition of raw milk were investigated in this work, because we wanted to know how the milk composition will be changed and how the laboratory results will be affected. In many cases, the samples are not preserved with chemical preservants like azidiol, bronopol, potassium dichromate or Microtabs. We found, that the composition of raw cows' milk after 24 was changed significantly (p >0.005). We found an average decrease in the fat content of -0.04 g/100g, increase in the protein content of +0.02 g/100g, increase in the lactose content of +0.02 g/100g, increase in the solid-not-fat content of +0.02 g/100g and decrease in the total solid content of -0.02 g/100g. It is necessary to cool the raw cows' milk after the milking to decrease the changes in milk composition caused mainly due to the lipolytic activity of lipase.
Paradoxical Embolus following Percutaneous Thrombectomy of Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow Graft
Authors: Gilmore Brian , Benrashid Ehsan , Youngwirth Linda Marie , Lawson Jeffrey Harold
Published: October 2015

Percutaneous interventions to maintain or re-establish patent vascular access are common and often necessary for patients on hemodialysis. This case illustrates an extremely rare but potentially devastating complication of one of these procedures: cerebrovascular insult due to paradoxical embolism in the setting of a patent foramen ovale.
Announcement
Authors: Kelker Hanna Chroboczek , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew
Published: October 2015

Hundreds of eminent scholars of Polish origin and ancestry reside in the United States. These scholars have excelled and achieved high recognition in diverse branches of science. While many are known for their outstanding work within the confines of their particular field of specialty, little is known of achievements by scientists working in other disciplines or by the general public in the United States or in Poland. In 2012 the Kosciuszko Foundation (KF) established the Kosciuszko Foundation Collegium of Eminent Scientists. The goals for this initiative are (1) to identify, record, and catalogue eminent Polish scientists and scientists of Polish descent residing in the United States who have made significant contributions in their respective scientific fields and (2) to recognize, highlight, and publicize their achievements. Currently the selection of the Collegium members is limited to scientists specializing in the natural sciences (broadly defined).
The Design of Curriculum Development Based on Entrepreneurship through Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad , Musa Chalid Imran , Haerani Siti , Sudirman Indrianti
Published: October 2015

This research is intended to develop curriculum based on entrepreneurship through balanced scorecard approach at the School of Business or Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Nobel Indonesia. In order to develop the curriculum, a need analysis in terms of curriculum development that involves all stakeholders at STIE Nobel in Indonesia has been conducted. This research found that the basic skills of entrepreneurship are the main data in the curriculum development based on entrepreneurship. The researchers classify those skills into four business perspectives in accordance with the principle of the balanced scorecard. This study showed that the balanced scorecard approach can be used as a means of mapping the curriculum and the theme for teaching entrepreneurship at STIE Nobel Indonesia.
Ten-Structure as Strategy of Addition 1-20 by Involving Spatial Structuring Ability for First Grade Students
Authors: Salmah Ummy , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Somakim Somakim
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study is to design learning activities that can support students to develop strategies for the addition of number 1 to 20 in the first grade by involving students’ spatial structuring ability. This study was conducted in Indonesia by involving 27 students. In this paper, one of three activities is discussed namely ten-box activity. This activity was aimed to introduce and develop ten-structure to be a students’ strategy in addition of number 1 to 20. The method was design research by designing learning activities involving spatial structuring ability. PMRI underlined the context and activity. The result of the study indicates that ten-box activities can help students to develop ten-structure as a strategy in addition of number 1 to 20. As a recommendation, PMRI can be implemented as an approach of teaching and learning addition 1 to 20.
The Influence of Pre-University Students’ Mathematics Test Anxiety and Numerical Anxiety on Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Seng Ernest Lim Kok
Published: October 2015

This study examines the relationship between mathematics test anxiety and numerical anxiety on students’ mathematics achievement. 140 pre-university students who studied at one of the institutes of higher learning were being investigated. Gender issue pertaining to mathematics anxieties was being addressed besides investigating the magnitude of the variables for mathematics test anxiety and numerical anxiety. The data revealed that there was a positive correlation between mathematics test anxiety and numerical anxiety on students’ mathematics achievement. Results of the multiple regressions showed that all the variables of mathematics anxieties were statistically significant on students’ mathematics achievement. Non-parametric tests also revealed that mathematics anxiety was statistically significant in measuring students’ mathematics achievement.
Advanced EFL Learners’ Beliefs about Pronunciation Teaching
Authors: Alghazo Sharif M.
Published: October 2015

This paper explores EFL learners’ beliefs about English pronunciation teaching and aims to provide insights into current teaching practices of English pronunciation at both college and university levels. To this end, the study sought to elicit the beliefs of a group of 71 third- and fourth-year EFL learners majoring in English at a university college in Saudi Arabia about crucial aspects of pronunciation teaching. The study utilized a survey containing five-point Likert scale items as well as multiple-choice questions. Open-ended questions were also included in order to gain fuller understanding of students’ views. Data were thematically analyzed and consequently categorized into five major areas: course design, language of instruction, learning and teaching style, types of feedback, and nativeness of teachers. It was found that students in this study context are cognizant of the value of learning English pronunciation, and of what they find useful and less useful. Students also proved willing to help improve pronunciation instruction by providing helpful perspectives on the proper way, at least in their views, to present this sub-skill.
Effect of Tree Shade on Coffee Crop Production
Authors: Alemu Molla Mekonnen
Published: October 2015

Ethiopia is the primary centre of origin and genetic diversity of Arabica coffee plant. Factors that affect the development of plants including coffee are climate, soil type, mulching, shade farming method used, pruning, etc. Amongst the various factors for having a good yield of coffee is growing of shade trees with the coffee plant which has a great contribution on both the life span of the coffee trees and its yield. Many small coffee farms usually grow different species of trees as an integral part of the production system (e.g. fruit and nut trees). This in turn have manifold ecological benefits by serving as windbreaks and shelterbelts, for aesthetic value in residential areas, and more importantly to protect the coffee plants from excessive sun and high temperatures. Dealing with the pruning waste and managing shade trees to maintain at its optimal shade levels (around 40-50%) could however look a lot of work. Traditionally, all coffee plants were shade grown and most varieties are naturally intolerant of direct sunlight, and desire a canopy of sun-filtering shade trees. This paper is aimed at exploring the benefits of tree shade on coffee life span and yield.
The Economic Role of Petrochemical Industry in Iran
Authors: Maitah Mansoor , Abdoljabbar Bassam
Published: October 2015

Iran’s economy is characterized by over dependence on the oil sector. Iran has been gradually growing into a centre for production of petrochemicals in the world. Petrochemical industry is one of the significant components of oil industry and is one of the principal industries in Iran which has an influential role in Iran’s economy. Although it is widely acknowledged that exports, particularly through manufactured components, play an important role as a potential source of economic growth. Hence, the aim of this research is to analysis the impact of petrochemical products export revenue on economic growth. Therefore the main objective of this research is the study of export-led growth hypothesis (ELG hypothesis) of Iran’s economy in the petrochemical industry by taking a time series data for the period of 1990-2010. It applies ordinary least square (OLS) method to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, exports of petrochemical products, real exchange rate and inflation. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between export of petrochemical products and economic growth which validate export-led growth hypothesis in petrochemical industry while negative impact of inflation and real exchnage rate is observed.
The Calculation of the Tensely Strained State of the System «Diamond Bit-Bottom»
Authors: E. Assan Aigerim , E. Budyukov Yury , P. Onishin Vladislav , V.Povetkin Vitaly , M. Mendebayev Toktasin
Published: October 2015

The design procedure of the tensely strained state(TSS) of the system «diamond bit-bottom » is developed, basic analytical dependences, characterizing TSS of the system of the calculation the basic parameters-tension, strains under the influence of an external loading on the diamond bit with finite-element method application (FEM) are chosen in the offered article. The questions of the creation in plane posing with usage of share the block - schema of the program, realizing finite-element method. For components of the process of interaction with a diamond bit rock used the method of mathematical modeling of components of the process (partial solutions) output data which will be the main characteristics of the process, allow to formulate requirements for the development of the diamond rock cutting tool.

And also addressed the issues of creating a removable drill bit used for boring exploration wells are considered in the article. The authors propose a technological solution for the modernization and improvement of removable drill bit, taking into account the various stages of deterioration of diamond bits.
 The possibility of improving the diamond destructive tool, including a special on the scientific, engineering and technological level are far from exhausted. Diamond drilling in difficult geological conditions accompanied not enough efficient use of energy supplied to the face, the working face of overheating matrices crowns, abnormal wear of the rock cutting tool, and is not always suitable geological work quality. In this context, the relevance of the set objectives in this paper is quite obvious.
The Relationship of Service Quality on Consumer Satisfaction in Shipyard Industry
Authors: Suharto Suharto , Sulistiyono Sulistiyono
Published: October 2015

Service quality and customer satisfaction have become a widely discussed issue for two decades. However, only a few intention used shipyard as the marketing researches target of these variables. The authors investigate the relationships between service quality dimensions and consumer satisfaction in shipyard industry. The authors test the significance of the relationships between service quality dimensions and consumer satisfaction. The results suggest that four service quality dimensions (tangible, responsibility, responsiveness and assurance) are antecedents of consumer satisfaction in this industry, while empathy has less effect on satisfaction. Implications for managers and future research are discussed.
Recent Technologies to Improving Social and Communication Skills in Children with ASD: Systematization of Approaches and Methods
Authors: Nesterova Albina , Aysina Rimma , Suslova Tatjana
Published: October 2015

In the article recent technologies of formation and development of social and communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorders are analyzed. A systematic review summarizes the most effective and verified interventions of support to socialization of children with ASD: applied behavior analysis (ABA); cognitive-behavioral training (CBT); social stories method; social skills training (SST). We pay special attention to virtual technologies and video simulations so these methods allow to form social skills in children with ASD more efficiently and psychologically safe. Problems and prospects of using virtual technologies for children with ASD needs are discussed. The specificity of Russian practical experience and researches in development of heuristic technologies of development of social communication of persons with ASD is described: animal-assisted therapy, somatosensory correction, author art therapy and folk forms of intervention. On the basis of analytical work it is concluded that the gap between theory and practice needs to be neutralized, when scientifically unfounded practical developments are introduced in helping autistic people and researches of scientists are not always verified in an empirical manner.
Winsorized Modified One Step M-estimator in Alexander-Govern Test
Authors: Kingsley Ochuko Tobi , Abdullah Suhaida , Binti Zain Zakiyah , Soaad Syed Yahaya Sharipah
Published: October 2015

This research centres on independent group test of comparing two or more means by using the parametric method, namely the Alexander-Govern test. The Alexander-Govern (AG) test uses mean as a measure of its central tendency. It is a better alternative to the Welch test, James test and the ANOVA, because it has a good control of Type I error rates and produces a high power efficient for a normal data under variance heterogeneity, but not for non-normal data. As a result, trimmed mean was applied on the test under non-normal data for two group condition, but as the number of groups increased above two, the test fails to be robust. Due to this, when the MOM estimator was applied on the test, it was not influenced by the number of groups, but failed to give a good control of Type I error rates under skewed heavy tailed distribution. In this research, the Winsorized MOM estimator was applied in AG test as a measure of its central tendency. 5,000 data sets were simulated and analysed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). The result shows that with the pairing of unbalanced sample size with unequal variance of (1:36) and the combination of both balanced and unbalanced sample sizes with both equal and unequal variances, under six group condition, for g = 0.5 and h = 0.5, for both positive and negative pairing condition, the test gives a remarkable control of Type I error rates. In overall, the AGWMOM test has the best control of Type I error rates, across the distributions and across the groups, compared to the AG test, the AGMOM test and the ANOVA.
Examination of Surgical Specimens of the Esophagus
Authors: Bejarano Pablo A. , Berho Mariana
Published: October 2015

Context

Esophageal cancer continues to be one of the most lethal of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Its prognostic parameters are based on the gross and histopathologic examination of resected specimens by pathologists.

Objective

To describe the implications of appropriate handling and examination of endomucosal resection and esophagectomy specimens from patients with esophageal carcinoma while considering the implications of the surgical techniques used to obtain such specimens. Parameters include histopathologic findings necessary for accurate staging, differences in the assessment of margins, residual malignancy, and criteria to evaluate for tumor regression after chemoradiation therapy as well as the role of immunohistochemistry and the judicious use of frozen sections.

Data Sources

Sources were a review of the literature and the authors' experience handling these types of specimens.

Conclusions

Examining surgical specimens of the esophagus is critical in the management of patients with esophageal carcinoma, and it requires careful consideration of the diagnostic pitfalls, staging-related parameters, and results of molecular tests.
The Pathologist Workforce in the United States: II. An Interactive Modeling Tool for Analyzing Future Qualitative and Quantitative Staffing Demands for Services
Authors: Robboy Stanley J. , Gupta Saurabh , Crawford James M. , Cohen Michael B. , Karcher Donald S. , Leonard Debra G. B. , Magnani Barbarajean , Novis David A. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Powell Suzanne Z. , Gross David J. , Black-Schaffer W. Stephen
Published: October 2015

Context

Pathologists are physicians who make diagnoses based on interpretation of tissue and cellular specimens (surgical/cytopathology, molecular/genomic pathology, autopsy), provide medical leadership and consultation for laboratory medicine, and are integral members of their institutions' interdisciplinary patient care teams.

Objective

To develop a dynamic modeling tool to examine how individual factors and practice variables can forecast demand for pathologist services.

Design

Build and test a computer-based software model populated with data from surveys and best estimates about current and new pathologist efforts.

Results

Most pathologists' efforts focus on anatomic (52%), laboratory (14%), and other direct services (8%) for individual patients. Population-focused services (12%) (eg, laboratory medical direction) and other professional responsibilities (14%) (eg, teaching, research, and hospital committees) consume the rest of their time. Modeling scenarios were used to assess the need to increase or decrease efforts related globally to the Affordable Care Act, and specifically, to genomic medicine, laboratory consolidation, laboratory medical direction, and new areas where pathologists' expertise can add value.

Conclusions

Our modeling tool allows pathologists, educators, and policy experts to assess how various factors may affect demand for pathologists' services. These factors include an aging population, advances in biomedical technology, and changing roles in capitated, value-based, and team-based medical care systems. In the future, pathologists will likely have to assume new roles, develop new expertise, and become more efficient in practicing medicine to accommodate new value-based delivery models.
Augalų biomasėje sukaupto anglies kiekio įvertinimas skirtingais būdais renatūralizuojamose ariamose žemėse
Authors: Kazlauskaitė-Jadzevičė Asta , Marcinkonis Saulius
Published: October 2015

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro (LAMMC) Vokės filiale nuo 1995 m. vykdomi lauko aikštelių tyrimai, kurių tikslas yra nustatyti skirtingų renatūralizacijos būdų įtaką anglies akumuliacijai fitocenozių produkuojamoje biomasėje priesmėlio – paprastojo išplautžemio (Haplic Luvisol) dirvožemyje. Apibendrinus 20 metų tyrimų rezultatus nustatyta, kad didžiausias vidutinis anglies kiekis sukauptas apželdintos mišku aikštelės biomasėje (5,59 t ha–1 per metus), kur auga paprastosios pušys (Pinus Sylvestris), o mažiausias – dirvono fitocenozėje (0,85 t ha–1 per metus). Tradicinės lauko sėjomainos augalų biomasėje vidutinis anglies kiekis (1,98 t ha–1 per metus) buvo kiek didesnis nei netręšiamos šienaujamos pievos fitocenozėje (1,85 t ha–1 per metus). Tręšimas mineralinėmis NPK trąšomis esmingai (1,57–1,74 karto) didino sukauptą anglies kiekį lauko sėjomainos ir pievos fitocenozėse. Tręšto sėjomainos lauko antžeminėje augalų biomasėje sukauptos anglies kiekis varijavo priklausomai nuo augalų rūšies (nuo 0,07 iki 3,24 t ha–1 per metus). Nustatyta, kad augalų vegetacijos metu permainingos meteorologinės sąlygos daro silpną arba vidutinio stiprumo įtaką sėjomainos lauko fitocenozių derliui, taip pat ir antžeminės anglies kaupimui fitocenozių produkuotoje biomasėje. Netręšiamose lauko sėjomainos fitocenozėse sukaupiamo anglies kiekio koreliacinis ryšys su oro temperatūra buvo silpnas ir neigiamas (r = –0,4), su kritulių kiekiu – teigiamas, bet taip pat silpnas (r = 0,4). Nustatytas atvirkštinis vidutinio stiprumo ryšys (r = –0,6) tarp tręšiamų sėjomainos lauko fitocenozių antžeminės anglies ir augalų vegetacijos laikotarpio vidutinės temperatūros, t. y. aukštesnės temperatūros mažino potencialiai fitocenozėje galimą sukaupti antžeminį anglies kiekį.
A pilot study to develop an assessment tool for sheep welfare after long journey transport
Authors: Messori S , Sossidou E , Buonanno M , Mounaix B , Barnard S , Vousdouka V , Dalla Villa P , de Roest K , Spoolder H
Published: October 2015

Sheep transport within Europe involves 9.5 million animals yearly, 63% of which travel over long journeys (> 8 h). Livestock transport, particularly over long journeys, gives rise to concern about the welfare of transported animals. The European Commission stimulates the development of market-oriented animal welfare standards for all phases of livestock production, providing an alternative to the ‘regulatory approach’. This study aimed to develop and test a new sheep welfare assessment protocol to be used following transport, irrespective of the journey purpose. The protocol included outcome (animal-based measures) and input variables (resource-based and management-based measures), being welfare-relevant aspects of both transport and unloading procedures. Weighted Cohen's Kappa and Fleiss’ Kappa index of agreement were calculated to evaluate the raters accuracy and the inter-observer reliability. Overall, good agreement levels were found. The protocol was tested on 40 commercial transports arriving at previously selected assembly centres and slaughterhouses in Italy and Greece. The protocol was found to be feasible when applied to commercial transports, allowing for a comprehensive and quick sheep welfare assessment during unloading, wthout impairing stockman work. Univariate analysis was carried out to evaluate associations between outcome and input variables. In this study, significant association between outcome measures and risk factors were identified when associated to unloading procedures but not to travel conditions. In collaboration with the relevant stakeholders, this protocol might be developed into a tool for routine checks for certification purposes and could provide direct feedback to all professionals involved in animal transportation on the weaknesses and strengths of their work.
Le rôle potentiellement déterminant de la perspective temporelle dans la vigilance entrepreneuriale : propositions et modèle théoriques1
Authors: Levasseur Ludvig , Léger-Jarniou Catherine
Published: October 2015

De nombreux articles en psychologie montrent que l’ensemble des points de vue que l’individu a de son passé, de son présent et de son futur (sa perspective temporelle) exerce une influence sur ses cognitions et ses comportements. Nous étendons les résultats de ces articles au champ de l’entrepreneuriat et suggérons que la perspective temporelle peut influencer la vigilance de l’entrepreneur (elle peut agir comme un déterminant potentiel qui précède la vigilance). Notre contribution de recherche cherche alors à mieux comprendre le rôle que peut jouer la perspective temporelle dans certains aspects essentiels de l’entrepreneuriat comme la vigilance entrepreneuriale (c’est-à-dire, la capacité de l’entrepreneur à voir les opportunités négligées par d’autres). L’objectif principal de notre contribution de recherche est de construire des propositions et un modèle théoriques reliant la perspective temporelle selon Zimbardo et Boyd (1999) et la vigilance entrepreneuriale selon Tang, Kacmar et Busenitz (2012). La mise en rapport de ces deux conceptualisations constitue l’apport principal de notre contribution de recherche. Une discussion, des implications, des limites et des directions pour les recherches futures sont également présentées.
Initiatives d’adoption des affaires électroniques et performance des petites entreprises
Authors: Bellaaj Moez
Published: October 2015

Les travaux portant sur les antécédents et l’impact d’adoption d’un e-projet par les petites entreprises (PE) sont relativement rares. De même, les expériences réussies dans ce domaine ne sont pas très nombreuses. Pourtant, les affaires électroniques sur Internet peuvent offrir aux PE beaucoup d’avantages et représenter de nouvelles opportunités. Ainsi, cette recherche tente d’éclaircir la question suivante : comment adopter des initiatives performantes des affaires électroniques par les petites entreprises ?

Afin de répondre à cette question, un modèle conceptuel a été élaboré en se basant sur les travaux passés et un protocole empirique composé d’études de cas, d’entrevues avec des experts et une enquête par questionnaire a été mobilisé selon une méthodologie pluraliste.
Les compétences de l’entrepreneur marocain : validation quantitative d’un référentiel
Authors: Loué Christophe , Majdouline Ilias
Published: October 2015

L’entrepreneuriat et l’entrepreneur suscitent, depuis quelques décennies, un engouement sans précédent au sein de la communauté scientifique. De nombreux travaux sont réalisés dans le but de mieux appréhender, décrypter le phénomène entrepreneurial, d’encourager ou d’en prédire l’évolution. L’entrepreneur, l’individu au coeur de ce processus n’est pas en reste, et fait l’objet de nombreuses études qui visent à qualifier ses attributs, ses traits de personnalité, ses compétences ou sa propension à se lancer en affaires dans un futur proche. Le travail de recherche que nous présentons s’inscrit dans cette lignée et a pour objectif l’identification des compétences de l’entrepreneur en se focalisant sur l’entrepreneur marocain. En prenant pour base de questionnement un référentiel de compétences précédemment validé auprès d’un échantillon d’entrepreneurs de trois pays francophones (Loué et Baronet, 2012), nous avons interrogé 179 entrepreneurs dans diverses régions du Maroc. Un modèle composé de 42 compétences réparties en 7 axes (gestion des ressources humaines, savoir-être, détection d’opportunités d’affaires, commercial-marketing, gestion financière, gestion stratégique et management) a émergé de notre analyse statistique. Les résultats que nous présentons dans cet article sont susceptibles d’orienter et de structurer les actions des centres de formation en entrepreneuriat ainsi que des structures d’accompagnement à la création d’entreprises au Maroc.
La prise en compte de l’itinérance inuite
Authors: Margier Antonin
Published: October 2015

À l’heure actuelle, plusieurs municipalités canadiennes dressent le constat d’un accroissement rapide de la proportion d’Autochtones et d’Inuits au sein de la population itinérante. Nous souhaitons dans cet article mettre en lumière les pratiques mises en oeuvre par ces personnes pour faire face à cette condition. En nous intéressant à l’occupation des espaces publics par des itinérants inuits dans le square Cabot à Montréal, nous montrerons l’importance identitaire de cette appropriation. Nous nous intéresserons ensuite à la prise en compte de cette identité inuite dans l’intervention des pouvoirs publics sur l’itinérance.