bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Treatment De-Escalation in Head and Neck Cancer: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rosenberg Ari J. , Vokes Everett E.
Published: September 2020

Treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involves a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. These curative strategies are associated with significant acute and long-term toxicities. With the emergence of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiologic factor associated primarily with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, higher cure rates juxtaposed with substantial treatment-related morbidity and mortality has led to interest in de-escalated therapeutic strategies, with the goal of optimizing oncologic outcomes while reducing treatment-related toxicity. Currently explored strategies include replacing, reducing, or omitting cytotoxic chemotherapy; reducing dose or volume of radiotherapy; and incorporation of less-invasive surgical approaches. Potential biomarkers to select patients for treatment de-escalation include clinical risk stratification, adjuvant de-escalation based on pathologic features, response to induction therapy, and molecular markers. The optimal patient selection and de-escalation strategy is critically important in the evolving treatment of locoregional head and neck cancer. Recently, two large phase III trials, RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE, failed to de-escalate treatment in HPV-associated head and neck cancer by demonstrating inferior outcomes by replacing cisplatin with cetuximab in combination with radiation. This serves as a cautionary tale in the future design of de-escalation trials in this patient population, which will need to leverage toxicity and efficacy endpoints. Our review summarizes completed and ongoing de-escalation trials in head and neck cancer, with particular emphasis on biomarkers for patient selection and clinical trial design.

Implications for Practice

The toxicity associated with standard multimodality treatment for head and neck cancer underscores the need to seek less-intensive therapies with a reduced long-term symptom burden through de-escalated treatment paradigms that minimize toxicity while maintaining oncologic control in appropriately selected patients. Controversy regarding the optimal de-escalation strategy and criteria for patient selection for de-escalated therapy has led to multiple parallel strategies undergoing clinical investigation. Well-designed trials that optimize multimodal strategies are needed. Given the absence of positive randomized trials testing de-escalated therapy to date, practicing oncologists should exercise caution and administer established standard-of-care therapy outside the context of a clinical trial.
Therapeutic Potential of Afatinib inNRG1Fusion-Driven Solid Tumors: A Case Series
Authors: Cadranel Jacques , Liu Stephen V. , Duruisseaux Michaël , Branden Eva , Goto Yasushi , Weinberg Benjamin A. , Heining Christoph , Schlenk Richard F. , Cheema Parneet , Jones Martin R. , Drilon Alexander , Trombetta Domenico , Muscarella Lucia Anna , Tolba Khaled , Gounant Valerie , Cseh Agnieszka , Solca Flavio , Laskin Janessa J. , Renouf Daniel J.
Published: September 2020

Background

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusions, which activate ErbB signaling, are rare oncogenic drivers in multiple tumor types. Afatinib is a pan-ErbB family inhibitor that may be an effective treatment for NRG1 fusion-driven tumors.

Patients and Methods

This report summarizes pertinent details, including best tumor response to treatment, for six patients with metastatic NRG1 fusion-positive tumors treated with afatinib.

Results

The six cases include four female and two male patients who ranged in age from 34 to 69 years. Five of the cases are patients with lung cancer, including two patients with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and three patients with nonmucinous adenocarcinoma. The sixth case is a patient with colorectal cancer. NRG1 fusion partners for the patients with lung cancer were either CD74 or SDC4. The patient with colorectal cancer harbored a novel POMK-NRG1 fusion and a KRAS mutation. Two patients received afatinib as first- or second-line therapy, three patients received the drug as third- to fifth-line therapy, and one patient received afatinib as fifteenth-line therapy. Best response with afatinib was stable disease in two patients (duration up to 16 months when combined with local therapies) and partial response (PR) of >18 months in three patients, including one with ongoing PR after 27 months. The remaining patient had a PR of 5 months with afatinib 40 mg/day, then another 6 months after an increase to 50 mg/day.

Conclusion

This report reviews previously published metastatic NRG1 fusion-positive tumors treated with afatinib and summarizes six previously unpublished cases. The latter include several with a prolonged response to treatment (>18 months), as well as the first report of efficacy in NRG1 fusion-positive colorectal cancer. This adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that afatinib can be effective in patients with NRG1 fusion-positive tumors.

Key Points

NRG1 fusions activate ErbB signaling and have been identified as oncogenic drivers in multiple solid tumor types. Afatinib is a pan-ErbB family inhibitor authorized for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer that may be effective in NRG1 fusion-driven tumors. This report summarizes six previously unpublished cases of NRG1 fusion-driven cancers treated with afatinib, including five with metastatic lung cancer and one with metastatic colorectal cancer. Several patients showed a prolonged response of >18 months with afatinib treatment. This case series adds to the evidence suggesting a potential role for afatinib in this area of unmet medical need.
Identification of a Novel EHBP1-MET Fusion in an Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Responding to Crizotinib
Authors: Yu Yiyi , Liu Qing , Li Wei , Qu Yueting , Zhang Yihong , Liu Tianshu
Published: September 2020

As an aggressive tumor, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) originates in the epithelium of the bile duct and has a poor prognosis. The therapeutic options for ICC are challenging and limited because of poor response to chemotherapy and the lack of targeted therapy. Here we report on a 41-year-old female patient with ICC with EHBP1-MET fusion and multiple intrahepatic metastases responding to crizotinib. Next-generation sequencing–based tumor mutation profiling was performed on the tumor biopsy and circulating tumor DNA from plasma. A novel EHBP1-MET fusion was identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Immunohistochemistry of biopsy sample also revealed c-MET positivity. Subsequently, the patient started treatment with MET inhibitor crizotinib. Magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a partial response for 8 months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical case report of a patient with MET-rearranged ICC successfully treated with crizotinib. This case suggests that crizotinib may be a promising treatment option for patients with ICC with MET fusion, warranting further clinical investigation.

Key Points

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of EHBP1-MET fusion. This is also the first clinical case report of clinical benefit from crizotinib treatment in an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with MET fusion. MET fusion is rare in ICC, and inhibition of MET could be a viable option for ICC that warrants further clinical investigation.
Modelling macroscopic shrinkage of hardened cement paste considering C-S-H densification
Authors: Mazaheripour Hadi , Faria Rui , Azenha Miguel , Ye Guang
Published: September 2020

Shrinkage of hardened cement paste is a direct result of its desorption isotherm. The relationship between the desorption isotherm and the relative humidity in a hydrating cement paste is mainly controlled by the pore size distribution (nanopores to micropores). There are several hydration models to describe the microstructure of cement paste, but the desorption isotherm and self-desiccation are not direct outputs from those models as they are usually given as constitutive inputs. In this study an attempt was made to fill this gap by predicting the sorption isotherm, the drying shrinkage and the self-desiccation of cement paste directly from the evolution of its microstructure. A simple hydration model was developed to predict the microstructure of Portland cement pastes, as well as the nanostructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), considering its densification during cement hydration. Predictions from the model were compared with some recent experimental findings from studies in the literature where the influence of the water-to-cement ratio was evaluated. The main contribution of this work is the integration of nanoscale and microscale material models towards determining the macroscopic properties of cement paste.
DEPREME ÖNLEM ALMA DAVRANIŞINI YORDAYAN BAZI DEĞİŞKENLERİN İNCELENMESİ: AYDIN İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AKALIN Seda , ŞAKİROĞLU Mehmet , TUNÇ Büşra , EREN Seda
Published: September 2020

Türkiye deprem olasılığının yüksek olduğu bir coğrafi konumda yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle depreme önlem alma davranışının depremin yarattığı can ve mal kayıplarının en aza indirilmesi adına önemi büyüktür. Bu çalışmanın amacı da depreme önlem alma davranışını farklı değişkenlerle ele alarak bu davranışın arkasında yatan dinamikleri incelemektir. Yapılan araştırmada bireylerin betimleyici özellikleri, algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri, baş etme stratejileri (iyimserlik, kadercilik, problem odaklı olma), çözüm odaklı olma düzeyleri, A tipi kişilik ölçeği puanları, depreme önlem almanın algılanan zorluğu ve yararlılığı, depreme ilişkin algılanan tehdit, depreme önlem almada algılanan sorumluluk, trafik kurallarına uymak veya sigara kullanmamak gibi diğer alanlarda önlem almayla depreme önlem alma ilişkisi, depreme önlem hazırlığı yapma ve yapmama nedenleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 85 öğrenci ile Aydın ilinde yaşayan 66 yetişkin olmak üzere toplamda 151 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama araçları Demografik bilgi formu, Mulilis-Lippa Depreme Hazırlık Ölçeği, Baş Etme Yolları Ölçeği, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Çözüm Odaklı Envanter, A Tipi Kişilik Ölçeğinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, çözüm odaklı olma, diğer alanlarda önlem alma ve önlem almanın bireyler tarafından algılanan zorluğu değişkenleri ile depreme önlem alma davranışı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Katılımcılar depreme önlem alma nedenlerinde kendilerini ve ailelerini korumayı amaçladıklarını bildirmişleridir. Katılımcıların depreme önlem almama nedenlerinin de sırasıyla ihmalkârlık, kiracı olmak, ekonomik yetersizlik, kadercilik ve depreme önlem almayla ilgili bilgi eksikliği olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları ilgili literatürdeki araştırma sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VISUAL IMAGERY: OBJECT AND SPATIAL IMAGERY
Authors: AYDIN Çağla
Published: September 2020

Research findings on gender differences in visual imagery are mixed. One reason suggested to account for the inconsistent results has been the treatment of imagery as a unified construct despite the recent arguments of its multifaceted quality. In order to explore how visual imagery is related to gender, the present study differentiates between two different visual imagery construct; object and spatial imagery. In addition, it explores two other factors in characterizing gender differences: the type of the visual imagery measure (i.e., performance type vs. self-report measures) and academic training. One hundred and twenty undergraduates completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery (VVIQ), Mental Rotation Test (MRT) and Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ). Gender differences were observed in: (1) favoring females in the vividness measure as well as the object imagery questionnaire; (2) favoring males in the mental rotation performance and spatial imagery questionnaire. Academic training did not contribute as a factor. These results suggest that object and spatial imagery are differentially related to gender, and the type of the visual imagery measure does not seem to contribute to the story.
TEKNİK ETKİNLİĞİN ÖLÇÜMÜNDE MEKÂNSAL BAĞIMLILIĞIN ETKİSİ: İMALAT SANAYİ İÇİN MEKÂNSAL STOKASTİK SINIR ANALİZİ BULGULARI
Authors: EKİNCİ Ramazan
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2019 dönemi için farklı bölgelerde kurulu üretim tesisi bulunan 76 imalat sanayi firmasının mekansal bağımlılığı dikkate alarak teknik etkinlik değerlerini tahmin etmektir. Mekansal bağımlılığın ekonomik birimlerin performası üzerinde etkisinin olabileceğine yönelik literatürde genel kabul olmasına rağmen, etkinlik üzerine yapılan çok az çalışma bu etkiye dikkate almaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada Fusco ve Vidoli (2013) tarafından önerilen ve henüz güncel bir yaklaşım olan Mekansal Stokastik Sınır Analizi (SSFA) kullanılarak, mekansal bağımlılığın firmaların etkinlik skorları üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar teknik etkinlik skorları arasında mekansal otokorelasyonun olduğunu göstermektedir. Mekansal bağımlılık altında tahmin edilen teknik etkinlik skorları ortalaması 0.444’tür. Dolayısıyla, teknik etkinliğin iyileştirilmesinde firmalar için geniş bir çıktı boşluğu bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, etkinsizliğin belirleyenleri içerisinde mekansal bağımlılıktan kaynaklanan etkinin sınırlı kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre, etkinsizlik farklılıklarının mekansal etkilerden daha çok firmaların bireysel özelliklerinden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir. Öte yandan, mekansal bağımlılığın sonucu olarak firmaların teknik etkinlik skorlarının birbirine yakınsadığı görülmektedir.
KORUMALI İŞYERİ KAPSAMINDA ZİHİNSEL ENGELLİ İSTİHDAMI: MANİSA OSB YÖNETİMİNDE Z.E.K.İ PROJESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SARI GERŞİL Gülşen , ALİMANOĞLU YEMİŞCİ Derya
Published: September 2020

Ülkeler sosyal politika kapsamında engellilerin istihdamını sağlamak ve onları topluma kazandırmak amacıyla çeşitli yollar ve yöntemler üzerinde çalışmaktadırlar. Bu yöntemler arasında en yaygın kullanılanlar; zorunlu kota uygulaması, belirlenmiş iş uygulamaları, korumalı işyeri uygulamasıdır. İşgücü piyasalarına kazandırılmaları güç olan zihinsel engelli bireyler rehabilite edilerek ve mesleki beceriler kazandırılarak istihdamlarına olanak sağlamak amacıyla; korumalı işyerleri uygulaması hayata geçirilmiştir. Türkiye’de korumalı işyeri uygulaması, hem mali hem teknik açıdan devlet tarafından desteklenmektedir. Ayrıca engelli bireylerin çalışabileceği ortam özel olarak düzenlenmektedir. Korumalı işyeri uygulaması, engellilerin özellikleri ve engel durumlarına uygun bir çalışma ortamının sağlanması durumunda başarılı olabilen ancak uygulanması oldukça güç bir sistemdir. Bu çalışmada, engelli kavramı ve istihdam bağlamında engelliler irdelenerek, Türkiye’de korumalı işyerleri kapsamında zihinsel engelli bireylerin istihdam edilebilirlikleri ve korumalı işyerinin uygulanabilirliğinin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra sosyal entegrasyonlarına yönelik etkileri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Manisa Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (MOSB) yönetimindeki Z.E.K.İ projesi örneği üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA SENYAWA KUERSETIN BERTANDA RADIOAKTIF IODIUM-131
Authors: Sriyani Maula Eka , Widyasari B. Eva Maria , Febriyanti C. Hesti , Sugiharti D. Rizky Juwita , Halimah E. Iim , Daruwati F. Isti , Hanafiah W G. Aang
Published: September 2020

KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA SENYAWA KUERSETIN BERTANDA RADIOAKTIF IODIUM-131. Penggunaan bahan-bahan herbal (obat tradisional) untuk pengobatan penyakit-penyakit kronis semakin banyak dikonsumsi. Fenomena ini mendorong perkembangan penelitian dan penemuan obat baru berbasis bahan alam melalui proses isolasi maupun sintesis. Salah satu tahapan pengembangan obat dalam penentuan efikasi adalah pemanfaatan teknologi nuklir pada tahap uji preklinis baik secara in-vitro maupun in-vivo. Pada tahap awal penelitian, telah dilakukan pemilihan bahan aktif berkhasiat antikanker dan penelaahan kemungkinan senyawa tersebut untuk ditandai menggunakan radioisotop pemancar beta (β-). Penelaahan meliputi struktur kimia bahan aktif tersebut (kemungkinan ikatan yang mungkin terjadi antara senyawa aktif dengan radioisotop pemancar beta), serta teknik penandaan yang akan dilakukan. Metode penandaan Kuersetin dengan radioisotop iodium-131 menggunakan oksidator Kloramin-T mengacu pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Barolli, dkk dengan sedikit modifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sifat fisikokimia senyawa bertanda 131I-kuersetin meliputi kemurnian radiokimia, muatan listrik senyawa 131I-Kuersetin, lipofilisitas (log P), ikatan dengan protein plasma dan stabilitas sediaan. Hasil yang didapat adalah senyawa 131I-Kuersetin dengan kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 98,41 ± 1,05 %, memiliki muatan listrik negatif dan nilai koefisien partisi (log P) sebesar -2,22 di dalam Larutan NaCl dan -2,71 di dalam larutan dapar fosfat. Persentase ikatan dengan protein plasma sebesar 34,64±4,37 % pada larutan NaCl dan 32,94±1,46 % pada larutan dapar fosfat. Hasil pengujian variasi volume sediaan 131I-kuersetin, volume diatas 1 mL akan menurunkan kemurnian radiokimianya menjadi < 90 %. Sedangkan dari pengujian stabilitas sediaan 131I-kuersetin tetap stabil hingga jam ke-72, pada suhu kamar dengan hasil kemurnian radiokimia yang tinggi ≥ 95%.
FTIR UNTUK CONTROL REAKSI STOIKIOMETRI PELEBURAN ZIRKON DENGAN NaOH
Authors: Akhmad Muzakky , Sudaryadi Sudaryadi
Published: September 2020

Zirkon merupakan sumber utama logam zirkonium berderajat industri yang banyak ditemukan di Provinsi Bangka Belitung atau Provinsi Kalimantan barat.  Peleburan zirkon dengan NaOH merupakan proses paling efektif dan murah untuk mengekstraksi zirkonium dari bijih silikat.  Untuk memperoleh pemulihan zirkonium yang tinggi dan ramah lingkungan, maka dibutuhkan kontrol reaksi stokiometri dengan rasio mole (ZrSiO4/NaOH) yang tepat.  Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini melakukan kontrol reaksi stokiometri peleburan zirkon dengan NaOH menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer Fourier Transform Infra Red ( FTIR).  FTIR dipilih karena citranya dapat mengidentifikasi beberapa ikatan silanol (≡Si-OH), siloksan (≡Si-O-Si≡) serta grup air (OH) yang kemungkinan dapat mengikat zirkonium. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan citra FTIR terhadap reaksi stokiomeri peleburan zirkon dengan NaOH pada beberapa rasio mole (ZrSiO4/NaOH) sebagai fungsi temperatur. Hasil percobaan penunjukan bahwa, pada reaksi stoikiometri dengan mole ZrSiO4(1)/NaOH(2) dicirikan di puncak 601,79 1/cm merupakan milik senyawaan Na2ZrSiO5 yang muncul di temperature 600 ˚C dan 700 ˚C.  Dengan kenaikan temperatur pada 800 ˚C dan 900 ˚C senyawaan Na2ZrSiO5 akan berubah menjadi Na2ZrO3, tetapi phenomena ini tidak terjadi di reaksi stoikiometri mole ZrSiO4(1)/NaOH(4).  Walaupun keberadaan Na2ZrSiO5  dalam jumlah kelumit, ternyata masih terdeteksi di puncak 1195 1/cm, pada pelindian dengan reaksi stoikiometri mole ZrSiO4(1)/NaOH(6) dan ZrSiO4(1)/NaOH(8) dengan temperature 600 ˚C dan 700 ˚C
Clinical Findings in Isolated Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Jawdat Omar , Jabari Duaa , Statland Jeffrey , Heim Andrew , Barohn Richard
Published: September 2020

Background: Isolated bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (IBALS) is a regional variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with weakness restricted to the bulbar muscles for at least 2 years, and slower progression than generalized ALS. Bulbar-onset generalized ALS, by contrast, typically has a more rapid progression than limb-onset ALS.Objective: To characterize patients with IBALS and compare them to patients with isolated bulbar disease at presentation who progress to generalized ALS.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients seen in our ALS specialty clinic at the University of Kansas Medical Center between 2001-2011. Results: Of 543 patients seen in the ALS clinic, 150 presented with bulbar symptoms at disease onset: 28 (18.7%) had bulbar signs and no evidence of extremity involvement on exam or electrodiagnostic testing at their initial visit; and 14 (9.3%) had weakness restricted to the bulbar muscles after 2 years of follow up (IBALS). IBALS patients were 57.1% male, with a mean age of symptom onset of 60.8 years (range 39-77 years). The mean disease duration was 3.1 years (range of 2-8 years), with 50% mortality at a mean follow up of 3.5 years. Minimal denervation changes were seen in at least one limb in 6 subjects (42.9%). Other clinical features included: 4 subjects (28.6%) had cognitive impairment, 4 (28.6%) had pseudo-bulbar affect, and 5 subjects (35.7%) had impaired eye movements on smooth pursuit.Conclusion: Isolatred bulbar ALS IBALS is an identifiable restricted regional ALS pattern if there is no clinical limb weakness 2 years after symptom onset. It may have a slower progression from typical ALS. The biologic factors that account for the IBALS restricted pattern are unknown.
Amyloid Myopathy as an Inclusion Body Myositis Mimic
Authors: Heim Andrew , Hamasaki Anai , Dimachkie Mazen , Pasnoor Mamatha , Jawdat Omar , Statland Jeffrey , Jacobson Ryan , Distad Barbara , Weiss Michael , Glenn Melanie , Gallagher Gary , Camelo-Piragua Sandra , Herbelin Laura
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Amyloid myopathy is a rare presentation of systemic amyloidosis. Amyloid myopathy can be initially misdiagnosed as sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM).

Methods: We report 4 cases of amyloid myopathy clinically mimicking inclusion body myositis and initially thought to be phenotypically IBM by neuromuscular experts.

Results: Case 1 is an 81-year-old woman who presented with distal arm and proximal leg asymmetric weakness (myopathy pattern 4). Case 2 is a 76-year-old man with primary systemic amyloidosis who presented with myopathy pattern 4 and progressive dysphagia for four years. Case 3 is an 82-year-old man with progressive myopathy pattern 4 weakness and swallowing difficulty. Case 4 is a 62-year-old man with progressive bilateral finger flexor weakness. Muscle biopsies in all 4 cases showed perivascular amyloid deposits

Discussion: Amyloid myopathy may be clinically indistinguishable from IBM. Muscle biopsy is of critical importance in the evaluation of patients suspected to have IBM.
Pandemic Prompted Pivoting to Virtual Multidisciplinary Care
Authors: Stephens Brian , George Hannah , Ng Sara , Sampognaro Paul , Rosow Laura , Lomen-Hoerth Catherine
Published: September 2020

The MDA/ALS Clinic at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have recently transitioned our in-person multidisciplinary clinics to a successful, virtual patient experience. Here, we outline our new clinic model, presenting detailed information about our clinics’ virtual workflow and our experiences with this transition. In this way, we hope to demonstrate the feasibility of a large-scale virtual multidisciplinary clinic and assist other clinics (both local and academic) as they transition their care of patients virtually within the COVID-19 environment.
Vernacular design as visual practice of urban space organization
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Butsykina Y. O.
Published: September 2020

Article discusses specific status of the vernacular design in the visual style of the modern Ukrainian city, where indigenous dwellers coexist with those who came recently from the country. The vernacular regions in Ukrainian cities are analyzed as complex, eclectic and grass-roots. The vernacular design is understood within the complex cultural environment, where different traditions and cultural identities coexist. The terms "vernacular life", "vernacular landscape" are explicated. The vernacular landscape is interpreted in the context of the everyday human activities brought into the public urban spaces. The crucial characteristic (amateur, brutal, trying to be visible and being invisible, economical, tactical, irrational, anachronistic) and the main principles (constraint, thrift, durability, commonness) of the vernacular design are studied within the interpretive context of urban culture collective identity.
Methodological basis of cultural institutions studies
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Maslikova I. I.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the "atomistic", "holistic", "teleological" theories of social institutions, which form the methodological basis for the Cultural Institutions Studies. The "atomistic" theories of institutions (D. North, D. Hodgson, E. Ostrom) relate to the conclusions of the institutional economics put emphasize on the importance of certain normative models and frameworks of social behavior, which are the institutions. Representatives of the "holistic" theories of institutions (G. Spencer, E. Durkheim, T. Parsons) highlight the connection between institutions ("structures") and their contribution to a society ("function"), and distinct institution are described as interdependent and necessary for functioning of the society in general. Representatives of the "teleological" approach in explaining the essence of social institutions (P. Gielen, S. Miller, Ch. Taylor, etc.) focus on the realization of a common goal, which is a set of interrelated individual goals, which are perceived by distinct individuals as their personal goal, but which makes sense only in the interaction of all participants of joint actions. Such actions most find their expression in the cultural sphere: team games, dances, theatrical performances, musical events, academic activities, etc. Recourse to these concepts allows us to outline the problematic field of cultural institutions studies as a research area, which is based on the latest investigation in cultural studies, sociology, and cultural economics. The main tasks of cultural institutions studies are related to the creation of descriptions of institutional practices, the elucidation of the patterns of functioning of cultural institutions, the prediction of future changes in institutional cultural practices in the context of cultural economy and cultural policy. In consideration of the basic approaches to the definition of a social institute, the essential characteristics of a cultural institute are revealed, which are manifested in three aspects: normative and regulatory aspect (complex of values, norms, rules), behavioral and procedural aspect (behavioral models, institutional roles, forms of joint interaction), organizational aspect (cultural institutions that produce, preserve and promote cultural good).
Nuclear Shell Model Calculations for Ca Isotopes
Authors: AKKOYUN Serkan , AYHAN Yasemin , BAYRAM Tuncay
Published: September 2020

Energies of nuclear excited states of nuclei, nuclear spin/parity and transition probabilities between nuclear levels can be calculated in the scope of nuclear shell model. The nuclei having magic numbers are used as inert core in the calculations. It is assumed that the nucleons in the inert core do not move outside from the core. Only valance nucleons out of the core are considered in the shell model calculations. In this study, the nuclear energy levels of even-even 42-56Ca isotopes have been calculated by the nuclear shell model using KShell computer code. This code enables us to perform nuclear shell-model calculations with M-scheme representation. In the calculations, doubly magic 40Ca isotope was taken as core. For the neutrons, 0f7/2, 1p3/2, 0f5/2 and 1p1/2 orbits are considered as model space. Excited nuclear level spins, parities and energies have been obtained for Ca isotopes. The results have been compared with the available experimental values in the literature.
A Promising Model of the “Symmetrical Federation” State System in the Context of Ensuring National Security of Russia
Authors: Foigel E. I. , Nebratenko G. G. , Smirnova I. G.
Published: September 2020

The problem of ensuring national security is so important for the Russian Federation that, along with the rule of human rights and freedoms, as well as patriotism, it can become an ideological pillar. The asymmetry of the state system of Russia poses one of the treats to the state security. It invariably affects the vector and pace of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, creates conditions for decentralization and, in the long term, could lead to more serious political consequences. A potential for improvement of the state system lies in strengthening of the institution of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia in the federal districts, as well as in considering the further enlargement of certain constituent entities of the Federation. The fact is that the existing model of the state system that evolved as a result of the Russian Federation succession to the USSR does not any longer comply with the national interest creating a gap in the field of ensuring state security.The existance of the constituent entities that are heterogeneous in territory, population size and composition, economic potential, and the most importantly — the actual amount of political rights granted to ethnos -- inevitably raises the question of the illusory of the equality of peoples settled in the republics, autonomous districts and regions, with other indigenous and non-indigenous small peoples, as well as with the Russians. Such differentiation forms the dynamics of latent migration processes, as well as complicates the criminogenic situation due to “ethnic crime”, including corruption-related crimes, creating problems for the State in the field of law enforcement. This kind of metamorphoses, which require constitutional changes, forces the domestic legal science to develop a perspective model of the state structure of Russia. Discussions on this issue are valuable in themselves, as they allow us to formulate possible directions for the development of the state and law with due regard to the historical destiny and international mission of our State, especially in light of the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The considerations stated above mainstream this paper.
Reflections on the Essence of Proof in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Rossinskiy S. B.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the author continues the cycle of his scientific publications devoted to the problems of theory, legislative regulation and practice of cognition and proving of circumstances that are relevant to a criminal case.

The paper investigates and analyzes two of the most common scientific approaches to the essence of criminal procedural evidence: a) a narrow approch, i.e. identifying proving with a specific type of cognitive activity of a person; b) a broad approach, i.e. involving inclusion in the content of proving cognitive (cognitive-verifying) techniques and various argumentative and logical operations carried out by the interrogator, investigator, as well as the accused, the defence counsel, the victim and other participants in criminal proceedings.

Methodologically relying on the results of many years of research conducted at the intersection of philosophy and psychology, psychophysiology and neuropsychology, the author comes to a conclusion about the feasibility of using a broad approach to the essence of criminal procedural evidence that reflect the continuity of this enforcement activity in relation to the general laws of gnoseology and formal logic. According to the author, the use of this approach allows to maximize harmonization of criminal procedural theory with the real life needs of investigative and judicial practices.

At the same time, the paper concludes that many scientific disputes and disagreements about the essence and content of criminal procedural evidence are to some extent factitious and derived from a lack of uniformity in the terminology used. However, the author believes that in modern conditions it is almost impossible to reach any consensus in this part of the development of criminal procedural science. Thus, this circumstance should be perceived as an objectively existing theoretical reality.
Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)
Authors: Baev V. G.
Published: September 2020

The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.

This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issue” was resolved, what was the need for further armament? The Bismarck Government in 1874 and 1881 successfully sought from Parliament the adoption of septennat laws (seven years of funding for the army). But in 1887 the Parliament refused to extend the septennat. The author uses Bismarck’s collection of political speeches in the Reichstag as the main source of research. It is an important source of official origin, reflecting the approaches of not only of the subject of Bismarck’s legislative initiative, but also of Germany’s ruling elite.

A point of view about Bismarck as vehicle of Germanic militarism prevails in historical literature. As a result of the analysis of the debate on the draft law, the author concludes that Bismarck’s military policy was dictated not so much by the militaristic nature of his personality, but by the necessity of strengthening the military potential of Germany, surrounded by strong adversaries, to defend its sovereignty. For the further development of events, the Chancellor who had been removed from his office, cannot be held responsible. The tragedy of Bismarck-era Germany is expressed in the fact that he failed to prepare a successor capable of leading the country during a period of crisis.
Legal and Bioethical Changes in the Commodification of Human, Including Bioprinted, Organs and Tissues
Authors: Ksenofontova D. S.
Published: September 2020

Modern breakthrough scientific ideas in the field of introduction and development of biomedical technologies have led to a significant objectification of the human body. The paper analyzes the trend of commodification of the human body and its parts from the standpoint of bioethics and law, which determines the consideration of these as goods that participate in economic turnover and have their own price. The problems of insufficiency of human organs suitable for transplantation, the risk of rejection of the transplant by the recipient’s immune system, as well as the need to ensure the safety of donor organs and tissues can be leveled by creating artificial human organs and tissues, including through the use of advanced additive technologies (3D bioprinting), creating a three-dimensional model of a human organ on a cellular basis, which is subject to subsequent transplantation to a recipient in need. The development of 3D-bioprinting allows us to resolve bioethical and legal contradictions caused by the actual inclusion of human organs and tissues in civil (economic) turnover, while international acts enshrine the principle of inadmissibility of commercialization of the human body, by virtue of which the human body and its parts should not be a source of financial benefit. The author summarizes that 3D bioprinting is able to significantly smooth out the negative manifestations of the human body commodification trend. The peculiarity of applying the principle of non-commercialization of the human body is due to the fact that in this case the emphasis is placed on obtaining cellular material for creating a bioprinted human organ. First of all, the principle of non-commercialization of the human body should remain in effect when providing cell material by a third party (donor), even if only in terms of determining the legal regime of cell material and created bioprinted human organs and tissues. If the recipient’s own cells are used, this principle loses its meaning.
THE MEANING OF ACTION: LINKING GOAL ORIENTATIONS, TACTICS, AND STRATEGIES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT
Authors: Nelson Laura K. , King Brayden G
Published: September 2020

Social movement scholars cite the importance of strategy as a critical component of collective action. But what is a movement strategy, and what role does it play in facilitating movement processes? We conceptualize strategy as both the reason for engaging in collective action as well as the tools used in the course of action. More than a rational means-ends calculation, strategy is inherently a meaning-making process, providing the movement and its participants a sense of purpose. Using the U.S. environmental movement as a case study, and employing a data-driven and inductive strategy that combines both computational and qualitative methods, we find that strategy emerges as organizations link their actions to their goal orientation: what level of society the organization views as the locus of change. We conclude by illustrating changes over time in attention to different movement strategies, highlighting strategic differences between organizations working together in the same social movement.
Leopold. — Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Entbehrlichkeil der Scheidenausspülungeu bei ganz normalen Geburten und über die sogenannte Selbstinfektion. (Arch. F. Gyn., Bd. XLVII, Hft. 3). Comparative studies on the uselessness of vaginal douching during normal childbirth and on the so-called self-infection
Authors: Khazan S. Yu.
Published: September 2020

While the question of the uselessness or even harm of vaginal douching in normal childbirth, since it is a private practice, where internal investigation is avoided as much as possible, is almost decided by everyone in the affirmative.
Th. Kézmárszky. — Intravenöse Sublimatinjektionen (Baccelli) bei venöser Sepsis im Wochenbett. (Cntrlbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, no. 38). Intravenous injection of mercuric chloride in venous putrefactive poisoning in the postpartum period
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

In the treatment of postpartum diseases, depending on the spread of putrefactive venous thrombi through the circulatory system, the author considers it necessary to use enhanced nutrition, wine, baths, as well as disinfectants acting directly on the blood.
R. Holst. — Ein Fall von Torsion eines subserösen Myoms. Myomotomie. Heilung. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, no. 40). A case of twisting of the subperitoneal myoma. Myomotomy. Recovery.
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

The twisting occurred suddenly, with the usual symptoms of abdominal pain and inflammation of the peritoneum.
P. Steffann. — Operation eines totalen Dammrisses während der Schwangerschaft. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1894, No. 44). Operation of complete rupture of the perineum during pregnancy
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: September 2020

The author describes in great detail, almost all the life of one woman who had the misfortune of getting a complete rupture of the perineum, which was successfully sutured only from the skin.
Malcolm Turnbull — A Feisty Interview with the Shadow Minister
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: September 2020

Liz Fell’s interview in 2011 with the Australian Shadow Minister for Telecommunications, Malcolm Turnbull MP, was notable for his combativeness (rare amongst her interviewees). In tribute to both Ms Fell and Mr Turnbull, we republish that interview with the future Prime Minister who, as Minister for Communications in 2013-15, implemented the multi-technology mix redesign of the National Broadband Network.
Respuesta a everolimus en un neonato con Rabdomioma cardiaco asociado con el Complejo Esclerosis Tuberosa.
Authors: Bravo Oro Antonio , Esmer Sánchez María del Carmen , Rubio Hernández Martha Elizabeth , Morales Ibarra Juan José , Reyes Vaca Jorge Guillermo , Villegas Valdez Dairy Marlenne Margarita , Gómez Elías Claudia Lizbeth
Published: September 2020

ANTECEDENTES: El rabdomioma cardiaco tiene una incidencia posnatal de 1 en 40,000 y comprende 45-75% de los tumores detectados en la etapa prenatal, con 70 a 80% asociados con el complejo de esclerosis tuberosa.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente pediátrico con un tumor en la pared del ventrículo izquierdo; se detectó a las 18 semanas de gestación. Al nacimiento tuvo taquicardia y dificultad respiratoria, por lo que comenzó a tratársele con digoxina y furosemida. Se sospechó un rabdomioma cardiaco porque la resonancia mostró múltiples túberes corticales, displasia marginal lineal parietal izquierda y nódulos subependimarios; el complejo de esclerosis tuberosa se confirmó por clínica, sin análisis genético confirmatorio. Comenzó a tratarse con everolimus y, un mes después, se advirtió la reducción del tamaño del tumor y la mejoría en la capacidad de contracción del ventrículo izquierdo. A los cinco meses el paciente se encontraba libre de signos y síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca; a los 10 meses cursó con episodios de epilepsia y a los 24 meses la ecocardiografía y el neurodesarrollo se reportaron normales; sin embargo, continuó con antiepilépticos y everolimus, sin complicaciones.CONCLUSIONES: El inmunosupresor everolimus es una alternativa de tratamiento para pacientes con rabdomiomas cardiacos y esclerosis tuberosa, con tumores de gran tamaño o localizados en sitios de difícil acceso que complican la decisión quirúrgica.
Research on User Experience of News and Information APP
Authors: Gu Le
Published: September 2020

With the development of the times and society, the Internet has played a more and more important role in people’s lives. Unconsciously, mobile phones have become an important tool for people to use the Internet. The proportion of Internet users accessing the Internet through mobile phones in China has reached 98.6%, and the number of news users is 663 million. People can access a wide range of information through the Internet only through mobile terminals. In 2017 and 2018, the total number of users of news and information applications increased by nearly 230 million. The use stickiness of news and information APP users is on the rise. The value of news and information independent APP is enhanced, and the diversified features of news and information APP products are highlighted. The success of news and information application is inseparable from every user holding a mobile terminal, and user experience is increasingly becoming a key factor in product development. Therefore, it is of great significance to tap the user’s needs, improve the user experience, and transform the user retention rate to make the products develop sustainably.
Sistemas Agroflorestais como geração de renda complementar para pescadores do Lago de Tucuruí, Pará
Authors: Serra Anderson Borges , Matos Letícia Sousa , Oliveira Alessand Marinho de
Published: September 2020

Sistemas agroflorestais são formas de uso da terra que combinam espécies arbóreas lenhosas com cultivos agrícolas e/ou animais, de forma simultânea ou em sequência temporal, em interação econômica e ecológica. Agricultores familiares na Amazônia beneficiam-se de ganhos econômicos e ecológicos ao manejarem diversos arranjos produtivos em sistemas agroflorestais, sendo, portanto, uma referência de estímulo a esta pesquisa que buscou identificar e analisar sistemas agroflorestais com potencial de geração de renda para pescadores artesanais que sofrem com forte redução da renda nos meses do ano em que estão submetidos a restrições para a pesca, época conhecida como período de defeso. A pesquisa foi fundamentada em estudo de caso com questionário semiestruturado e visita ao campo baseado na metodologia “bola de neve”. Durante a pesquisa foram observadas dez experiências de SAFs, e entre eles dois sistemas foram considerados promissores para os pescadores porque proporcionam significativo incremento de renda no período do desejo, como também é são sistemas com exigência de manejo (mão-de-obra e conhecimento), adequado as condições locais dos pescadores. Tais sistemas são o “Cacaueiro em Sistema Cabrunca” e “Açaizeiro em Quintal Agroflorestal”, respectivamente com renda de R$ 8.530,40/ano e R$ 10.215,00/ano.
Circuitos cortos de comercialización de alimentos agroecológicos en Quito, Ecuador: Cooperativa Sur Siendo Redes y Sabores
Authors: Piedra Andrea Carolina Castillo
Published: September 2020

O estudo apresenta as relações de eqüidade entre o campo e a cidade criadas pelos consumidores responsáveis da cooperativa Sur Siendo Redes e Sabores. A cooperativa criou espaços de mercado para produtos agroecológicos para uma população de estratos sociais populares que historicamente vive em um ambiente alimentar inacessível. Através da análise socioespacial dos circuitos próximos de comercialização de alimentos agroecológicos, identificou-se que os consumidores responsáveis por essa cooperativa criaram cinco feiras e uma loja. Geração de comércio justo na cidade de Quito com a venda de produtos agroecológicos dos territórios rurais de Pedro Moncayo.
Transição agroecológica em cooperativa de agricultores familiares de Itapuranga, Goiás
Authors: Silva Fernanda Pereira , Oliveira Guilherme Resende , Cunha Cleyzer Adrian , Wander Alcido Elenor
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho buscou descrever os avanços, benefícios e dificuldades da transição agroecológica do sistema de produção de frutas e hortaliças em cooperativa de agricultores familiares de Itapuranga, Goiás, Brasil, bem como os custos de implantação do cultivo convencional e agroecológico e a rentabilidade auferida com a prática agroecológica. Para a realização dessa pesquisa, utilizou-se o delineamento de uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foram utilizados questionários estruturados e entrevistas não estruturadas. De acordo com os resultados é perceptível a satisfação dos que trabalham com as práticas agroecológicas, os que investiram em mão de obra, bem como em assistência técnica. Os agricultores que possuíam mais de 15 hectares de terras concordam que suas receitas aumentaram embora tivessem dificuldades para dar continuidade aos projetos devido à ausência do apoio técnico após sua finalização. Durante a execução, a assistência técnica foi apontada como um problema devido à alta rotatividade de pessoal. Por fim, o sucesso dos agricultores que fizeram a transição do sistema de produção convencional vis-à-vis agroecológico resultou, sobretudo, em maiores ganhos econômicos, em parte, provenientes do recebimento de insumos e assistência técnica da cooperativa. Os produtores que possuíam mais recursos financeiros, mão de obra qualificada, consciência social e ambiental foram os que conseguiram maior agregação de valor ao produto final.