bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O conteúdo lutas no ensino médio: discursos dos professores de Educação Física da fronteira Brasil-Bolívia
Authors: Lopez Paulo Cesar Grulett , Golin Carlo Henrique , Ribeiro Edineia Aparecida Gomes
Published: December 2019

O trabalho objetivou analisar o discurso dos professores de nível médio sobre a aplicação do conteúdo Lutas nas aulas de Educação Física em Corumbá/MS, cidade fronteiriça Brasil-Bolívia. Baseamos, metodologicamente, no trabalho de Ferreira (2006) ao adaptar o seu modelo de pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria (83%) dos entrevistados têm o conteúdo no seu plano de ensino. Contudo, a grande parte utiliza de procedimentos que não oportunizam vivências. Observamos ainda o predomínio da Capoeira a ser trabalhada, ao contrário com as Lutas informais. A maioria entende que o conteúdo em debate não gera violência e agressão, mas que isso dependeria da atitude do professor. Nossos resultados aproximam do estudo tomado como referência e apontam outras preocupações sobre o tema.
Direito ao esporte: possibilidades a partir de políticas multicêntricas, regulatórias e redistributivas
Authors: Canan Felipe , Rojo Jeferson Roberto , Starepravo Fernando Augusto
Published: December 2019

Objetivamos analisar exemplos de políticas estatais ou privadas que estabelecem contraprestações sociais a instituições esportivas ou educacionais que possuem apelo junto ao mercado e/ou que recebem recursos públicos. Construímos um ensaio pautado na análise de documentos intencionalmente selecionados que ilustram políticas de repasse de serviços públicos à iniciativa privada, equiparação entre gêneros ou desenvolvimento de modalidades esportivas ou faixas etárias diversas. Discutimos e finalizamos o texto apontando lacunas na legislação/política esportiva brasileira que poderiam ser supridas por políticas de caráter multicêntrico, regulatório e redistributivo semelhantes as dos casos estudados, com potencial de contribuir para garantia do direito ao esporte.
Anaphors in Toto
Authors: Saha Atanu
Published: December 2019

In this paper, I have discussed the anaphors i.e. reflexives and reciprocals in Toto and argued that the language employs nominal expressions and uses the syntactic strategy known as compositional strategy (like herself and each other in English). In case of reciprocals, there is a lexical counterpart other than the compositional strategy but it is hardly used by the speakers.
Managing Formal Organizations in the 21st Century: A Critique of Fredrick Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory
Authors: Awofeso Olu
Published: December 2019

Fredrick Taylor is popularly acknowledged as the father of the scientific management theory in the literature. As a strand of the classical theory of organization, the scientific management aimed at ensuring efficiency, standardization of job performance and discipline in complex organizations. When applied to bricklaying, shoveling, and metal cutting by Taylor, the scientific management approach proved to be very efficient and highly productive. Despite its remarkable success in these organizations, the scientific management has been subjected to series of criticism by scholars and authors alike. The study rely on secondary source of data to engage in a continuous academic scrutiny on the efficacy of the scientific management theory, especially, in modern organizations. The paper critically assesses the relevance or otherwise, of the scientific management theory in the 21st century.
A case of unilateral absent vas identified during vasectomy
Authors: Mohammed Jinnaah Sara , Lam Tracey
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Unilateral absence of the vas deferens is an uncommon congenital anomaly more commonly accounting for male infertility.

Case Report: Herein we describe the case of a 33-year-old father of three children who presented for elective vasectomy under general anesthesia. Routine vasectomy was carried out on the right. The vas deferens on the left was not palpable and scrotal exploration was performed, confirming an absent vas deferens on the left. Three month follow-up verified sterility, confirming that the patient did indeed have an absent vas on the left. In this article we discuss the implications and how to proceed when this anomaly is encountered in general surgical practice.

Conclusion: If unilateral absent vas deferens is suspected on clinical exam prior to vasectomy patients should undergo the procedure under a general anesthetic.
Ileoileal intussusception due to metastatic melanoma
Authors: Nam Choi Ho , Arafat Yasser , Antoun Iman
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Intussusception in adults is rare, and can be classified into intussusception with a pathological lead point, or intussusception without a lead point.

Case Report: This case report describes a 63-year-old male with a history of metastatic melanoma who presented with a two-month history of abdominal pain, which was due to an ileoileal intussusception with metastatic melanoma deposit at the lead point. He was managed with laparoscopic small bowel resection, leading to resolution of his symptoms.

Conclusion: A low threshold for surgical exploration is recommended in adults with intussusception for definitive diagnosis of the cause and for symptom management.
A modal seismic design procedure based on a selected level of ductility demand
Authors: Baradaran Milad Farahanchi , Behnamfar Farhad
Published: December 2019

Determination of seismic design forces of structures is performed by the building codes usually using response reduction (or behaviour) factors that incorporate indeterminacy and ductility capacity of lateral bearing systems. In this procedure story drifts are checked as a final design step approximately preventing stories from assuming excessive ductility demands, or seismic damage. If this procedure is reversed, a more logical seismic design approach may be developed by starting with a ductility-controlled procedure. It is the incentive of this research in which by using a large number of earthquakes, first nonlinear acceleration spectra are developed for different levels of ductility demand. Then an energy-based modal procedure is developed in which the system ductility demand is distributed between the important vibration modes based on their contribution. Finally, the developed method is applied to seismic design of several buildings selected from both regular and irregular structural systems. Comparison with a sample code design establishes success of the method in developing a more rational seismic design.
Diaphragm axial capacity for external diaphragm connections (EDCs) in square CFST column structures
Authors: Tjahjanto Helmy , MacRae Gregory , Abu Anthony , Clifton Charles , Beetham Tessa , Mago Nandor
Published: December 2019

This paper evaluates external diaphragm axial capacity in moment frame structures with square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns considering bidirectional loading. Three design methods were considered: (1) the CIDECT method; (2) the equivalent beam method; and (3) the tie method. Finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the behaviour of an external diaphragm plate connected to a square CFST column under varied bidirectional diaphragm axial forces. It is shown that the perpendicular diaphragm axial forces did not reduce the diaphragm axial capacity significantly, which is consistent with the assumptions made by the CIDECT method and the tie method. The CIDECT method, in some cases, was not conservative. Among the considered methods, the tie method was the most justifiable method, although in some cases the capacity predictions were too conservative. The tie method was later modified by considering the contribution of the steel tube in addition to the diaphragm plate in calculating the diaphragm axial capacity. The modified tie method was shown to accurately predict a lower bound estimate of the capacity of an external diaphragm connection.
Ground motion simulations of Hope fault earthquakes
Authors: Thomson Ethan M. , Lee Robin L. , Bradley Brendon A.
Published: December 2019

This paper examines ground motions for a major potential Mw7.51 rupture of the Hope Fault using a physics based simulation methodology and a 3D crustal velocity model of New Zealand. The simulation methodology was validated for use in the region through comparison with observations for a suite of historic small magnitude earthquakes located proximal to the Hope Fault. Simulations are compared with conventionally utilised empirical ground motion models, with simulated peak ground velocities being notably higher in regions with modelled sedimentary basins. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken where the source characteristics of magnitude, stress parameter, hypocentre location and kinematic slip distribution were varied and an analysis of their effect on ground motion intensities is presented. It was found that the magnitude and stress parameter strongly influenced long and short period ground motion amplitudes, respectively. Ground motion intensities for the Hope Fault scenario are compared with the 2016 Kaik¯oura Mw7.8 earthquake, it was found that the Kaikoura earthquake produced stronger motions along the eastern South Island, while the Hope Fault scenario resulted in stronger motions immediately West of the near-fault region and similar levels of ground motion in Canterbury. The simulated ground motions for this scenario complement prior empirically-based estimates and are informative for mitigation and emergency planning purposes.
Ground motion models for Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, peak incremental ground velocity, and significant duration in New Zealand
Authors: Bullock Zach
Published: December 2019

This study proposes empirical ground motion models for a variety of non-spectral intensity measures and significant durations in New Zealand. Equations are presented for the prediction of the median and maximum rotated components of Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, cumulative absolute velocity above a 5 cm/s2 acceleration threshold, peak incremental ground velocity, and the 5% to 75% and 5% to 95% significant durations. Recent research has highlighted the usefulness of these parameters in both structural and geotechnical engineering. The New Zealand Strong Motion Database provides the database for regression and includes many earthquakes from all regions of New Zealand with the exceptions of Auckland and Northland, Otago and Southland, and Taranaki. The functional forms for the proposed models are selected using cross validation. The possible influence of effects not typically included in ground motion models for these intensity measures is considered, such as hanging wall effects and basin depth effects, as well as altered attenuation in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The selected functional forms include magnitude and rupture depth scaling, attenuation with distance, and shallow site effects. Finally, the spatial autocorrelation of the models’ within-event residuals is considered and recommendations are made for developing correlated maps of intensity predictions stochastically.
The Development of Innovative Multimedia through Social Lab to Promote Perception of Good Citizenship according to Democratic Values
Authors: Thamwipat Kuntida , Princhankol Pornpapatsorn
Published: December 2019

This research was aimed to develop and to evaluate the quality of the innovative multimedia through social lab to promote perception of good citizenship according to democratic values, to evaluate the perception results, to evaluate the sampling group’s satisfaction towards the development of innovative multimedia and to evaluate the feedback by the organizer. The sampling group in this study consisted of 2 groups. The first group was 30 state enterprise entrepreneurs from the Community under the Bridge Zone 1 at soi Pracha-Utit 76, the Community at the Back of the Suanthonburirom Park and the Community Moo 3 in the Bang Mod area. They were chosen using purposive sampling method out of those who were filmed in a short film and were willing to be models for a desk calendar and to fill out the questionnaires. The second group was 50 students from the ETM 358 Marketing Communication course and the ETM 361 Presentation Skill 2 course in the second semester of the academic year 2018. They were chosen using purposive sampling method out of those who participated in at least 2 social labs and participated in all the short film events at the cinema. The statistical methods in this research were mean score, standard deviation and feedback by the organizer. The results from the research and development were as follows:

The results from the development of the innovative multimedia through social lab to promote perception of good citizenship according to democratic values contained 3 phases with the following major media, minor media and supporting media: short film, desk calendar and facebook page, vinyl banner for publicity with QR code and events to preview the short film and to screen the film at Major Cineplex cinema at Tesco Lotus Bangpakok. The quality of the media contents as evaluated by the expert panel was at a good level (x  = 4.25, S.D. = 0.72). The quality of the media presentation as evaluated by the expert panel was at a very good (x  = 4.61, S.D. = 0.32). The sampling group’s perception of the innovative multimedia was at a high level ( x  = 4.42, S.D = 0.68). The sampling group’s satisfaction towards the innovative multimedia was at a high level ( x  = 4.36, S.D = 0.72). These values confirmed the research hypotheses. The feedback or after action review by the learners showed that the majority had a good attitude towards service learning in conjunction with community-based learning in accordance with the research hypothesis. It was found that social work made students stronger and allowed them to think, analyze and engage in real work. They could communicate collaboratively through presentation and social media network for this course.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: December 2019

Review of European Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.

Review of European Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to res@ccsenet.org.

Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 4

Nikos Christofis, Shaanxi Normal University, Greece

Eugenia Panitsides, University of Macedonia, Greece

Florin Ionita, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania

Tryfon Korontzis, Hellenic National School of Local Government, Greece

Carmen Ramos, University of Oviedo, Spain

Nunzia Di Cristo Bertali, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom

Gülce Başer, Boğaziçi University, Tukey

Anna Cebotari, Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Republica Moldova

Vicenta Gisbert, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain

Sara Núñez Izquierdo, University of Salamanca, Spain

Ioanna Efstathiou, University of the Aegean, Greece

Muhammad Saud, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Gabriela Gruber, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania

Pinar Burcu Güner, Bielefeld University, Germany

Carlos Teixeira, University of British Columbi, Canada

Valeria Vannoni, University of Perugia, Italy

Evangelos Bourelos, Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, SWEDEN

Natalija Vrecer, independent researcher, Slovenia

Ani Derderian, WSU, USA

Òscar Prieto-Flores, University of Girona, Spain

Ludmila Ivancheva, Institute for the Study of Societies and Knowledge, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria

Emilia Salvanou, Hellenic Open University, Greece

Aziollah Arbabisarjou, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Arthur Becker-Weidman, Center For Family Development, USA

Zining Yang, La Sierra University & Claremont Graduate University, USA

Meenal Tula, University of Hyderabad, India

Smita M. Patil, School of Gender and Development Studies, India

Skaidrė Žičkienė, Šiauliai University, Lithuania

Maria Pescaru, University of Pitești, ROMANIA

Indrajit Goswami, N. L. Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, India

Patrick van Esch, Moravian College, Australia & US

Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru, ‘Timotheus’ Brethren Theological Institute of Bucharest, Romania

Montserrat Crespi Vallbona, University of Barcelona, Spain
The Evaluation of an Osteoporosis Clinic in a Community Hospital Setting: a Retrospective Chart Review and Telephone Survey
Authors: Kwok Timothy S.H. , Gakhal Natasha , Ruban Thanu N.
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPatients who have suffered fragility fractures are at an in-creased risk for subsequent fractures. The Osteoporosis (OP) Clinic at Markham Stouffville Hospital (MSH) was set up in July 2015 to screen, diagnose, and treat patients with fragility fractures. The goal of this study was to identify differences in OP screening and treatment initiation between patients seen in the OP clinic versus usual care.MethodsA retrospective cohort study and telephone interview was conducted on 40 patients who had sustained a hip fragility fracture between September 2015 and July 2016. 20 of those patients were referred to the OP clinic, while the remaining patients received usual care. ResultsAt the end of the intervention, 16/20 patients in the OP clinic group were appropriately placed on a bisphosphonate/RANKL inhibitor versus only 6/20 patients in the usual care group (p < .01).ConclusionsA significant care gap exists in secondary fracture prevention between the osteoporosis clinic and usual care groups. Better screening and subsequent intervention are needed for patients with fragility fractures. This study highlights the efficacy of an outpatient OP clinic in a community hospital setting.
Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma of the Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Maleknia Seyyed Adel , Karkeabadi Neda , Nikravangolsefid Nasrin , Pursafar Mahdi , Jafaryparvar Zakiyeh
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The incidence of melanoma has remarkably increased over the last years. It commonly involves the extremities in females and the trunk in males. Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) of the breast accounts for less than 5% of all melanomas. Case Presentation: A 60-year-old man referred with a black pigmented skin lesion (4 × 2 cm) on the periareolar skin in the upper inner quadrant of the right breast without nipple retraction. The patient mentioned that he failed medical follow-up of the lesion, which had been excised for about a year in 2016 as a CMM that resulted in its rapid growth. Examinations revealed a mole (4 cm) on the right areola and also a palpable axillary lymph node. Incisional biopsy reported malignant melanoma. After final confirmation, he underwent a modified mastectomy. The pathology report revealed that nipple and areolae were free of tumor, however, a deep margin and two axillary lymph nodes were involved, which resulted in considered adjuvant radiotherapy. Two months after the surgery, his health condition was normal without any sign of recurrent metastasis. Conclusions: In this case, the modified mastectomy was inevitably done and no recurrence or complication was observed.
Factors Affecting Healthy Oil Consumption Behaviors in Iranian Housewives: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Karimi Fereshte , Hosseini Zahra , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Aghamolaei Teamur , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Karimi Fatemeh
Published: December 2019

Background: Evaluation of oil and fat consumption plays a key role in predicting the nutritional health of community members. Objectives: The current study aimed at predicting the adoption of healthy behaviors related to oil consumption among housewives based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 160 housewives. We used the multi-stratified sampling method and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the association between TPB constructs and housewives’ behavioral intention to consume healthy oil. Results: Liquid oil was the most frequently consumed oil (59.4%) while solid oil had the lowest frequency (6.9%). Also, 1.3% of the participants used red meat highly saturated in fat while 88.8% did it not at all. Path analysis was run to predict healthy behaviors concerning oil consumption in light of TPB. The TPB adopted in the current study enjoyed a desirable fitness, and explained 31% of behavior intention variance and 15% of behavior variance (B = 0.37). Also, the attitude was the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Conclusions: The TPB and its constructs were used to determine factors affecting healthy oil consumption behaviors among Women in Iran. This result indicates that promoting behavioral intention by focusing on attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms may promote healthy oil use.
A Broomean Model of Rationality and Reasoning
Authors: Dietrich Franz , Staras Antonios , Sugden Robert ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: December 2019

John Broome has developed an account of rationality and reasoning which gives philosophical foundations for choice theory and the psychology of rational agents. We formalize his account into a model that differs from ordinary choice-theoretic models through focusing on psychology and the reasoning process. Within that model, we ask Broome’s central question of whether reasoning can make us more rational: whether it allows us to acquire transitive preferences, consistent beliefs, non-akratic intentions, and so on. We identify three structural types of rationality requirements: consistency requirements, completeness requirements, and closedness requirements. Many standard rationality requirements fall under this typology. Based on three theorems, we argue that reasoning is successful in achieving closedness requirements, but not in achieving consistency or completeness requirements. We assess how far our negative results reveal gaps in Broome's theory, or deficiencies in choice theory and behavioral economics.
The Expansionist View of Systematic Testimonial Injustice
Authors: Nurul Huda Kazi A S M ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: December 2019

In this paper, I offer an expansionist view of the Frickerian central case of testimonial injustice, citing examples from the South Asian context. To defend this expansionist position, I provide an argument in three parts. First, I argue that credibility deficit and credibility excess are entangled with each other in such a way that often, one produces the other. Secondly, I contend that we should not say that systematic testimonial injustice is a consequence of credibility deficit only because of the entanglement between them. I also contend that for being the central case of testimonial injustice, identity prejudice should not be necessarily negative; it can be positive as well. Propounding a twofold condition of the status of a knower, the last part claims that testimonial injustice occurs when one of the two conditions remains unmet.
“MOOCs in the Higher Education crisis”, book critique
Authors: Reigeluth Charles M.
Published: December 2019

In his book, Zapata-Ros (2014) addresses a controversial trend in distance education, the massive open online courses (MOOCs). Praised by some scholars, highly criticized by others, the fact is that, as the author affirms, MOOCs are here to stay. An elaborate concoction of social, economic, and technological factors has made possible the exponential expansion of these courses: steady increase in college tuition rates, devaluation of college degrees, an uncertain job market, and more abundant networks of distributed knowledge.
Reseña del libro “La Sociedad Postindustrial del Conocimiento”, de Miguel Zapata Ros
Authors: Font Ribas Antoni
Published: December 2019

La Sociedad postindustrial del conocimiento es una obra que no puede dejar indiferente a todos aquellos que de uno u otro modo expresamos nuestra preocu-pación por el futuro de la educación. Es de agradecer que su autor, Miguel Zapata, además de proporcionarnos valiosos materiales conceptuales que enriquecen nuestra comprensión sobre el momento actual de la evolución del conocimiento y de la sociedad, ofrece elementos igualmente valiosos que propician la reflexión sobre estos conceptos.
Antecedentes del oportunismo en las cooperativas agroalimentarias
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jorge Luis , Arcas-Lario Narciso , Hernández-Espallardo Miguel
Published: December 2019

Las cooperativas agroalimentarias son un instrumento con el que cuentan los productores agrarios para afrontar los comportamientos oportunistas de las empresas que les suministran los inputs y de las que adquieren sus productos. Sin embargo, este tipo de comportamientos se reproducen en el interior de la propia organización entre los miembros que interactúan (socios, miembros del Consejo Rector y directivos), originando problemas que afectan de forma negativa al adecuado funcionamiento de las cooperativas y a su competitividad. De aquí la preocupación de los órganos de gobierno de las cooperativas por combatir los comportamientos oportunistas de sus socios, motivo por el que resulta de especial interés conocer los factores o antecedentes que los propician. Precisamente, este es el objetivo de este trabajo empírico, realizado con la información obtenida mediante una encuesta a 140 cooperativas agroalimentarias españolas de primer grado. Los resultados del análisis de los datos obtenidos revelan que mientras la heterogeneidad de los socios, la incertidumbre ambiental y la orientación al mercado de la cooperativa incrementan el oportunismo de los socios; la dependencia de los socios de la cooperativa, la orientación al largo plazo de la relación y la orientación de los socios al mercado lo disminuyen.
La importancia de la evaluación como paso previo a la implementación de unamoneda complementaria. Un estudio de caso rural en Ecuador, la parroquia Sinincay
Authors: Amoroso Peralta Bolivar Ismael , Roldán Monsalve Diego Fernando
Published: December 2019

Numerosas son las experiencias de sistemas monetarios complementarios al oficial en diferentes países, tanto desarrollados como en desarrollo. También son numerosos sus éxitos y fracasos, así como los escenarios en que cada uno de esos proyectos se ejecutó. Existe apoyo estatal en algunos casos y prohibición absoluta en otros. No se trata únicamente de una adecuada planificación interna del proyecto, es también importante determinar si se cuenta con un escenario adecuado para su funcionamiento, considerando sus propósitos y las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población intervenida. En el presente estudio analizamos las posibles causas del fracaso de una experiencia en un pueblo rural andino en Ecuador. Considerando que los proyectos de monedas complementarias no comparten todas sus objetivos, ni tampoco presentan escenarios socioeconómicos similares, no se espera que todas las poblaciones intervenidas cumplan las mismas condiciones de partida, sin embargo, es necesaria la evaluación de un grupo de requisitos para cada caso. Mediante un análisis cualitativo, de acuerdo a la literatura revisada, identificamos un grupo de condiciones que justifiquen la implantación de un sistema complementario y, basados en los testimonios de promotores y participantes, analizamos en qué medida estas se cumplieron antes de implantar el proyecto. Para el caso de estudio, se concluyó que no existieronlas condiciones adecuadas para que esta moneda complementaria cumpla con los objetivos económicos y sociales propuestos.
LO CORTÉS NO QUITA LO VALIENTE, UN ESTUDIO DEL USO DE LA CORTESÍA EN QUITO Y SALAMANCA
Authors: Rodríguez Andrade Imelda Pricila
Published: December 2019

El siguiente trabajo es un resumen de la tesis doctoral en estudios del español de la Universidad de Salamanca, intitulada “Lo cortés no quita lo valiente”, un análisis de la cortesía en Quito y Salamanca. La dicha tesis busca identificar y analizar el uso de cortesía positiva y negativa, al momento de hacer pedidos, en ambas ciudades. Y, dentro de cada grupo, averigua diferencias por género, nivel de educación, edad y origen. Para recolectar la información se realizaron encuestas a 393 estudiantes en dos universidades de las antes mencionadas ciudades: 187 en la USAL (Universidad de Salamanca) y 206 en la PUCE (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador). Las encuestas incluyen situaciones cotidianas que se dan en diferentes niveles de confianza: mucha confianza (ambiente familiar o de amigos cercanos), poca confianza (amigos de amigos o de familiares) y cero confianza (en un almacén, una oficina o un taxi). Cada encuestado debía escoger entre una estrategia directa o una indirecta en una situación determinada. Se espera que el estudio arroje diferencias sustanciales en ambos lugares, no solo por la variedad dialectal: español andino y español europeo, sino también por la distancia social, el nivel de educación, el género y el origen, se ha incluido a estudiantes extranjeros en ambas ciudades.
REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA: Libro de estilo de la lengua española según la normativa panhispánica. Madrid: Espasa (2018), 498 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-670-5379-1
Authors: Aguilar Ruiz Manuel José
Published: December 2019

Reseña sobre Real Academia Española: Libro de estilo de la lengua española según la normativa panhispánica. Madrid: Espasa (2018), 498 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-670-5379-1
Reseña sobre La fraseología del desacuerdo. Los esquemas fraseológicos en español, de Mura, G. Angela. Sevilla, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 140 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-472-2856-0
Authors: Puertas Ribés Elia
Published: December 2019

Reseña sobre La fraseología del desacuerdo. Los esquemas fraseológicos en español, de Mura, G. Angela. Sevilla, Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2019, 140 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-472-2856-0
REFLEJOS DE ORALIDAD EN LA CORRESPONDENCIA DEL ILUSTRADO ARAGONÉS DON JOSÉ NICOLÁS DE AZARA
Authors: Enguita Utrilla José María
Published: December 2019

El ilustrado aragonés don José Nicolás de Azara pasó gran parte de su vida en Italia (1765-1797), donde llevó a cabo importantes tareas diplomáticas, como revela la lectura del rico Epistolario que, en el desempeño de esas actividades, ha legado a la posteridad. Las cartas redactadas con dicho propósito –como él mismo advirtió– pueden albergar, más allá de los formulismos «oficiales», rasgos expresivos más espontáneos siempre que se den las condiciones adecuadas para ello. Desde este último punto de vista se analizará a continuación una muestra representativa del influjo italiano que en esas «condiciones adecuadas» emerge en su correspondencia.
EL ESTUDIO DE LA SINTAXIS DEL ESPAÑOL COLOQUIAL (BALANCE PROVISIONAL)
Authors: Narbona Antonio
Published: December 2019

La celebración de este II Congreso Internacional del español hablado, al cumplirse los 25 años del Grupo Val.Es.Co., es una excelente ocasión para realizar un balance de lo que se ha hecho y de lo que aún falta por hacer. Pero el creciente interés de los lingüistas por el análisis de la oralidad lo convierte inmediatamente en provisional y limitado. Estas reflexiones se centran sólo en los estudios que tratan de sintaxis, y la atención se fija en los problemas (teóricos, metodológicos, prácticos) con los que ha habido que enfrentarse, bastantes de los cuales aún no están resueltos. El futuro y la proyección social de la investigación se abordan brevemente en la parte final.
High fat diet induces microbiota-dependent silencing of enteroendocrine cells
Authors: Ye Lihua , Mueller Olaf , Bagwell Jennifer , Bagnat Michel , Liddle Rodger A , Rawls John F
Published: December 2019

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized sensory cells in the intestinal epithelium that sense and transduce nutrient information. Consumption of dietary fat contributes to metabolic disorders, but EEC adaptations to high fat feeding were unknown. Here, we established a new experimental system to directly investigate EEC activity in vivo using a zebrafish reporter of EEC calcium signaling. Our results reveal that high fat feeding alters EEC morphology and converts them into a nutrient insensitive state that is coupled to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We called this novel adaptation 'EEC silencing'. Gnotobiotic studies revealed that germ-free zebrafish are resistant to high fat diet induced EEC silencing. High fat feeding altered gut microbiota composition including enrichment of Acinetobacter bacteria, and we identified an Acinetobacter strain sufficient to induce EEC silencing. These results establish a new mechanism by which dietary fat and gut microbiota modulate EEC nutrient sensing and signaling.
Tight junction protein occludin regulates progenitor Self-Renewal and survival in developing cortex
Authors: Bendriem Raphael M , Singh Shawn , Aleem Alice Abdel , Antonetti David A , Ross M Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Occludin(OCLN) mutations cause human microcephaly and cortical malformation. A tight junction component thought absent in neuroepithelium after neural tube closure, OCLN isoform-specific expression extends into corticogenesis. Full-length and truncated isoforms localize to neuroprogenitor centrosomes, but full-length OCLN transiently localizes to plasma membranes while only truncated OCLN continues at centrosomes throughout neurogenesis. Mimicking human mutations, full-length OCLN depletion in mouse and in human CRISPR/Cas9-edited organoids produce early neuronal differentiation, reduced progenitor self-renewal and increased apoptosis. Human neural progenitors were more severely affected, especially outer radial glial cells, which mouse embryonic cortex lacks. Rodent and human mutant progenitors displayed reduced proliferation and prolonged M-phase. OCLN interacted with mitotic spindle regulators, NuMA and RAN, while full-length OCLN loss impaired spindle pole morphology, astral and mitotic microtubule integrity. Thus, early corticogenesis requires full-length OCLN to regulate centrosome organization and dynamics, revealing a novel role for this tight junction protein in early brain development.
Deep sampling of Hawaiian Caenorhabditis elegans reveals high genetic diversity and admixture with global populations
Authors: Crombie Tim A , Zdraljevic Stefan , Cook Daniel E , Tanny Robyn E , Brady Shannon C , Wang Ye , Evans Kathryn S , Hahnel Steffen , Lee Daehan , Rodriguez Briana C , Zhang Gaotian , van der Zwagg Joost , Kiontke Karin , Andersen Erik C
Published: December 2019

Hawaiian isolates of the nematode species Caenorhabditis elegans have long been known to harbor genetic diversity greater than the rest of the worldwide population, but this observation was supported by only a small number of wild strains. To better characterize the niche and genetic diversity of Hawaiian C. elegans and other Caenorhabditis species, we sampled different substrates and niches across the Hawaiian islands. We identified hundreds of new Caenorhabditis strains from known species and a new species, Caenorhabditis oiwi. Hawaiian C. elegans are found in cooler climates at high elevations but are not associated with any specific substrate, as compared to other Caenorhabditis species. Surprisingly, admixture analysis revealed evidence of shared ancestry between some Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian C. elegans strains. We suggest that the deep diversity we observed in Hawaii might represent patterns of ancestral genetic diversity in the C. elegans species before human influence.
Impaired lysosomal acidification triggers iron deficiency and inflammation in vivo
Authors: Yambire King Faisal , Rostosky Christine , Watanabe Takashi , Pacheu-Grau David , Torres-Odio Sylvia , Sanchez-Guerrero Angela , Senderovich Ola , Meyron-Holtz Esther G , Milosevic Ira , Frahm Jens , West A Phillip , Raimundo Nuno
Published: December 2019

Lysosomal acidification is a key feature of healthy cells. Inability to maintain lysosomal acidic pH is associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms elicited by impaired lysosomal acidification remain poorly understood. We show here that inhibition of lysosomal acidification triggers cellular iron deficiency, which results in impaired mitochondrial function and non-apoptotic cell death. These effects are recovered by supplying iron via a lysosome-independent pathway. Notably, iron deficiency is sufficient to trigger inflammatory signaling in cultured primary neurons. Using a mouse model of impaired lysosomal acidification, we observed a robust iron deficiency response in the brain, verified by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, the brains of these mice present a pervasive inflammatory signature associated with instability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), both corrected by supplementation of the mice diet with iron. Our results highlight a novel mechanism linking impaired lysosomal acidification, mitochondrial malfunction and inflammation in vivo.
Phospholipase A2from kraitBungarus fasciatusvenom induces human cancer cell death in vitro
Authors: Tran Thien V. , Siniavin Andrei E. , Hoang Anh N. , Le My T.T. , Pham Chuong D. , Phung Trung V. , Nguyen Khoa C. , Ziganshin Rustam H. , Tsetlin Victor I. , Weng Ching-Feng , Utkin Yuri N.
Published: December 2019

Background

Snake venoms are the complex mixtures of different compounds manifesting a wide array of biological activities. The venoms of kraits (genus Bungarus, family Elapidae) induce mainly neurological symptoms; however, these venoms show a cytotoxicity against cancer cells as well. This study was conducted to identify inBungarus fasciatusvenom an active compound(s) exerting cytotoxic effects toward MCF7 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells.

Methods

The crude venom ofB. fasciatuswas separated by gel-filtration on Superdex HR 75 column and reversed phase HPLC on C18 column. The fractions obtained were screened for cytotoxic effect against MCF7, A549, and HK2 cell lines using colorimetric assay with the tetrazolium dye MTT- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The primary structure of active protein was established by ultra high resolution LC-MS/MS. The molecular mechanism of the isolated protein action on MCF7 cells was elucidated by flow cytometry.

Results

MTT cell viability assays of cancer cells incubated with fractions isolated fromB. fasciatusvenom revealed a protein with molecular mass of about 13 kDa possessing significant cytotoxicity. This protein manifested the dose and time dependent cytotoxicity for MCF7 and A549 cell lines while showed no toxic effect on human normal kidney HK2 cells. In MCF7, flow cytometry analysis revealed a decrease in the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells. As Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation, its decline indicates the reduction in the proliferation of MCF7 cells treated with the protein. Flow cytometry analysis of MCF7 cells stained with propidium iodide and Annexin V conjugated with allophycocyanin showed that a probable mechanism of cell death is apoptosis. Mass spectrometric studies showed that the cytotoxic protein was phospholipase A2. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme earlier was deduced from cloned cDNA, and in this work it was isolated from the venom as a protein for the first time. It is also the first krait phospholipase A2manifesting the cytotoxicity for cancer cells.
Effectiveness of water-saving technologies during early stages of restoration of endemic Opuntia cacti in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
Authors: Tapia Patricia Isabela , Negoita Luka , Gibbs James P. , Jaramillo Patricia
Published: December 2019

Restoration of keystone species is a primary strategy used to combat biodiversity loss and recover ecological services. This is particularly true for oceanic islands, which despite their small land mass, host a large fraction of the planet’s imperiled species. The endemic Opuntia spp. cacti are one example and a major focus for restoration in the Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador. These cacti are keystone species that support much of the unique vertebrate animal community in arid zones, yet human activities have substantially reduced Opuntia populations. Extreme aridity poses an obstacle for quickly restoring Opuntia populations though water-saving technologies may provide a solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate current restoration efforts and the utility of two water-saving technologies as tools for the early stages of restoring Opuntia populations in the Galápagos archipelago. We planted 1,425 seedlings between 2013 and 2018, of which 66% had survived by the end of 2018. Compared with no-technology controls, seedlings planted with Groasis Waterboxx® water-saving technology (polypropylene trays with water reservoir and protective refuge for germinants) had a greater rate of survival in their first two-years of growth on one island (Plaza Sur) and greater growth rate on four islands whereas the “Cocoon” water-saving technology (similar technology but made of biodegradable fiber) did not affect growth and actually reduced seedling survival. Survival and growth rate were also influenced by vegetation zone, elevation, and precipitation in ways largely contingent on island. Overall, our findings suggest that water-saving technologies are not always universally applicable but can substantially increase the survival and growth rate of seedlings in certain conditions, providing in some circumstances a useful tool for improving restoration outcomes for rare plants of arid ecosystems.
Capsids of hepatitis B virus e antigen with authentic C termini are stabilized by electrostatic interactions
Authors: Watts Norman R. , Palmer Ira W. , Eren Elif , Steven Alasdair C. , Wingfield Paul T.
Published: December 2019

The hepatitis B virus e antigen, an alternative transcript of the core gene, is a secreted protein that maintains viral persistence. The physiological form has extended C termini relative to Cp(‐10)149, the construct used in many studies. To examine the role of the C termini, we expressed the constructs Cp(‐10)151 and Cp(‐10)154, which have additional arginine residues. Both constructs when treated with reductant formed capsids more efficiently than Cp(‐10)149. These capsids were also substantially more stable, as measured by thermal denaturation and resistance to urea dissociation. Mutagenesis suggests that electrostatic interactions between the additional arginine residues and glutamate residues on adjacent subunits play a role in the extra stabilization. These findings have implications for the physiological role and biotechnological potential of this protein.
A study of nonuniform CTV to PTV margin expansion incorporating both rotational and translational uncertainties
Authors: Miao Junjie , Xu Yingjie , Tian Yuan , Liu Zhiqiang , Dai Jianrong
Published: December 2019

Purpose

In this work, we implemented a method to obtain a nonuniform clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margin caused by both rotational and translational uncertainties and evaluated it in the treatment planning system (TPS).

Materials and method

Based on a previously published statistical model, the relationship between a target margin and the distance d (from isocenter to target point), setup uncertainties, and significance level was established. For a single CTV, it can be thought as a combination of many small volume elements or target points. The margin of each point could be obtained using the suggested statistical model. The whole nonuniform CTV–PTV margin was determined by the union of all possible margins of the CTV boundary points. This method was implemented in the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system and compared with uniform margin algorithm. Ten vertebral metastases targets and multiple brain metastases targets were chosen for evaluation.

Results

The combined CTV–PTV margin as a function of d for various initial translational margin and rotational uncertainties was calculated. The combined margin increases as d, rotational uncertainties and translational margin increase. For the same rotational uncertainty, a smaller initial translational margin requires a larger rotational margin to compensate for the rotational error. Compared with the uniform margin algorithm, the advantage of this method is that it could minimize the PTVs volume for given CTVs to obtain same significance level. Using vertebral metastases targets and multiple brain metastases targets, a series of volume difference was obtained for various translational margins and rotational uncertainties. The volume difference of PTV could be more than 17% when translational margin is 2 mm and rotational uncertainty is 1.4°.

Conclusion

Nonuniform margin algorithm could avoid excessive compensation for the CTV boundary points near isocenter. This method could be used for clinical margin determination and might be useful for the protection of risk organs.
Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
Authors: Harms Joseph , Chang Chih‐Wei , Zhang Rongxiao , Lin Liyong
Published: December 2019

Purpose

For pencil‐beam scanning proton therapy systems, in‐air non‐Gaussian halo can significantly impact output at small field sizes and low energies. Since the low‐intensity tail of spot profile (halo) is not necessarily modeled in treatment planning systems (TPSs), this can potentially lead to significant differences in patient dose distribution. In this work, we report such impact for a Varian ProBeam system.

Methods

We use a pair magnification technique to measure two‐dimensional (2D) spot profiles of protons from 70 to 242 MeV at the treatment isocenter and 30 cm upstream of the isocenter. Measurements are made with both Gafchromic film and a scintillator detector coupled to a CCD camera (IBA Lynx). Spot profiles are measured down to 0.01% of their maximum intensity. Field size factors (FSFs) are compared among calculation using measured 2D profiles, calculation using a clinical treatment planning algorithm (Raystation 8A clinical Monte Carlo), and a CC04 small‐volume ion chamber. FSFs were measured for square fields of proton energies ranging from 70 to 242 MeV.

Results

All film and Lynx measurements agree within 1 mm for full width at half maximum beam intensity. The measured radial spot profiles disagree with simple Gaussian approximations, which are used for modeling in the TPS. FSF measurements show the magnitude of disagreements between beam output in reality and in the TPS without modeling halo. We found that the clinical TPS overestimated output by as much as 6% for small field sizes of 2 cm at the lowest energy of 70 MeV while the film and Lynx measurements agreed within 4% and 1%, respectively, for this FSF.

Conclusions

If the in‐air halo for low‐energy proton beams is not fully modeled by the TPS, this could potentially lead to under‐dosing small, shallow treatment volumes in PBS treatment plans.
The Impact of Solvents on the Performances of Solution‐Processed Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors Using Nitrate Ligands
Authors: Kumaran Saravanan , Liu Meng-Tieh , Lee Kung-Yen , Tai Yian
Published: December 2019

Herein, solution‐processed indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) is fabricated utilizing metal nitrates as precursors, and the impact of nitrate ions in different solvents on the performances of IGZO TFT is demonstrated. During IGZO film fabrication, the nitrogen in nitrate species actually dopes into the film in the fashion of different chemical states depending on different solvents. When IGZO precursors dissolve in deionized water (DIW), due to the high polarity of the solvent, metal nitrates are completely dissociated, leading to the conversion of nitrates to nitrides in IGZO film. This nitrogen decreases the density of the interface trap states, thus improving the characteristics of the IGZO TFT. In contrast, when using 2‐methoxyethanol (2‐ME) as the solvent, nitrogen mainly forms nitrogen oxide and acts as a trap density that leads to the degradation of the device performances. By increasing the annealing temperature of IGZO film, nitrogen oxide can convert to metal nitride, resulting in enhanced device performance. The IGZO TFT fabricated using DIW as a solvent with 300 °C annealing temperature exhibits the saturation mobility of 2.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/off ratio of >106.5. Herein, a step is made toward the solvent effect on the performance of solution‐processed oxide TFT.