bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Microenvironment Preconditioning Attenuated Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury via Stc1‐Mediating Cardiomyocyte Self‐Protection and Neutrophil Polarization
Authors: Huang Haoxiang , Ruan Yifei , Li Chuling , Zheng Hao , Tang Yating , Chen Yijin , He Fengling , Liu Yu , Wu Guangkai , Li Zhenhua , Wang Yuegang , Liao Yulin , Bin Jianping , Chen Yanmei
Published: December 2024

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) therapy application to attenuate myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI/R) injury in clinical practice remains challenging. The secretome, derived from hypoxia‐preconditioned cardiomyocytes (SHPC), potentially mimics the IPC microenvironment and facilitates IPC clinical translation. This study aims to determine whether SHPC can be a feasible alternative to IPC for attenuating MI/R injury, and to identify the functional factor of SHPC. The ultrafiltration technique is applied to generate an SHPC formulation that is intramyocardially injected before reperfusion in a murine MI/R model. The effects of SHPC on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, pyroptosis, and neutrophil polarization are evaluated. Secretomics, neutralizing antibodies, and recombinant proteins are employed to identify the functional factor in SHPC. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays, RNA sequencing, and site‐directed mutagenesis are conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism. Additionally, a recombinant functional factor‐encapsulated hydrogel is developed for intrapericardial injections (iPC). An intramyocardial SHPC injection in MI/R‐injured mice strikingly reduces infarct size and the expression of cardiac injury biomarker while improving cardiac function. SHPC eliminated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and triggered neutrophil polarization to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis/pyroptosis upon hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Stanniocalcin 1 (Stc1) is identified as the functional factor in SHPC, mediating hypoxic microenvironment. Mechanistically, hypoxia‐preconditioned cardiomyocytes secrete Stc1 into the microenvironment and activate calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) that increases Stat3 phosphorylation at Ser727 via nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)‐mediated S‐nitrosylation, thereby decreasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis/pyroptosis in an autocrine mechanism. Simultaneously, Stc1 facilitates cardiomyocyte‐neutrophil crosstalk, thereby triggering neutrophil polarization to reduce inflammatory damage via the CaSR/NOS2/Stat3 axis in a paracrine mechanism. Pericardial delivery of a recombinant rStc1‐encapsulated hydrogel has extended the therapeutic time window of rStc1, improving long‐term cardiac function. The hypoxia microenvironment preconditioning, which mimicked by SHPC, attenuated MI/R injury via Stc1‐mediated cardiomyocyte self‐protection and neutrophil polarization. This study suggests that SHPC, with hypoxia preconditioning factor Stc1, represents a clinically feasible alternative to IPC for attenuating MI/R injury.
Diverse N‐Oxidation of Primary Aromatic Amines Controlled by Engineered P450 Peroxizyme Variants Facilitated by Dual‐Functional Small Molecule
Authors: Chen Jie , Yao Fuquan , Jiang Yiping , Qin Xiangquan , Xian Mo , Feng Yingang , Cong Zhiqi
Published: December 2024

Amine oxidation is an important organic reaction for the production of high‐value N‐containing compounds. However, it is still challenging to control the reactivity of active N‐centered radicals to selectively access N‐oxidation products. Herein, this study reports the engineering of cytochrome P450BM3 into multifunctional N‐oxidizing enzymes with the assistance of dual‐functional small molecules (DFSM) to selectively produce N‐oxygenation (i.e., p‐nitrosobenzene, p‐nitrobenzene, and azoxybenzene) and one‐electron oxidation products (i.e., oligomeric quinones and azobenzene) from aromatic amines. The best mutant, F87A/T268V/V78T/A82T, exclusively gives p‐nitrosobenzene (up to 98% selectivity), whereas the selectivity for p‐nitrobenzene is >99% using the mutant F87A/T268V/A82T/I263L. Crystal structure analysis reveals that key mutations and DFSM exert synergistic effects on catalytic promiscuity by controlling the substrate orientation in active center. This study highlights the potential of DFSM‐facilitated P450 peroxygenase and peroxidase for the synthesis of N‐containing compounds via the controllable oxidation of aromatic amines, substantially expanding the chemical space of P450 enzymes.
SREBP1c‐Mediated Transcriptional Repression of YME1L1 Contributes to Acute Kidney Injury by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Xin Wang , Zhou Jie , Peng Yuzhu , Gong Shuiqin , Liao Wenhao , Wang Yaqin , Huang Xixin , Mao Yang , Yao Mengying , Qin Shaozong , Xiong Jiachuan , Li Yan , Lan Qigang , Huang Yinghui , Zhao Jinghong
Published: December 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Accumulating studies suggest mitochondrial dysfunction as the typical characteristics and key process of AKI, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The YME1‐like 1 (YME1L1) ATPase, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, is screened and identified to be downregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells of various mouse models and patients of AKI. Dramatically, restoration of YME1L1 expression significantly alleviates cisplatin‐induced AKI and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction via maintaining optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)‐mediated mitochondrial energy metabolism homeostasis. Mechanistically, the upregulated expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) is demonstrated to be responsible for cisplatin‐mediated transcriptional inhibition of YME1L1 via directly binding to its promoter region. Moreover, cisplatin‐induced methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐mediated m6A modification enhances SREBP1c mRNA stability, thereby upregulating its expression. Notably, both depletion of SREBP1c and renal tubule‐specific overexpression of YME1L1 markedly ameliorate cisplatin‐induced AKI and its transition to CKD. Taken together, these findings suggest that METTL3‐mediated SREBP1c upregulation contributes to AKI and its progression to CKD through disrupting mitochondrial energy metabolism via transcriptionally suppressing YME1L1. Targeting the SREBP1c/YME1L1 signaling may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy against AKI.
Engineered Sodium Metal Anodes: Tackling Sulfur‐Derivative Challenges for Advanced Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing , Mei Tiehan , Li Yi , Lin Xitao , Niu Yubin , Jiang Jian , Xu Maowen , Qi Yuruo
Published: December 2024

The development of room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na─S) batteries has been significantly constrained by the dissolution/shuttle of sulfur‐derivatives and the instability of sodium anode. This study presents an engineered sodium metal anode (NBS), featuring sodium bromide (NaBr) along with sodiophilic components like tin metal (Sn) and sodium‐tin (Na─Sn) alloy. This configuration exhibits high plating/stripping reversibility with minimal nucleation/growth barriers in an ester‐based electrolyte, allowing stable cycling of symmetric cells at 2 mA cm⁻2/2 mA h cm⁻2 for over 2000 h at a low overpotential of 30 mV. Importantly, the weak adsorption and reduced electron transfer towards sulfur‐derivatives, along with the facile dissociation of Na2S2/Na2S, effectively minimize the accumulation of sulfur‐derivatives, thereby improving the interfacial stability of the NBS electrode in sulfur‐derivatives‐involved conditions. As a result, the NBS anode endows the Na─S full cells paired with either a Co‐NMCN@S or SPAN cathode superior electrochemical performance, with the SPAN//NBS system delivering an outstanding reversible capacity of 1639.5 mA h g⁻¹ and a low degradation rate of 0.06% per cycle at 0.5C. This study elucidates the complex deposition/dissolution kinetics and interface chemistry associated with sulfur species, providing valuable insights for enhancing sodium anodes in practical RT Na─S systems.
Text‐to‐Haptics: Enhancing Multisensory Storytelling through Emotionally Congruent Midair Haptics
Authors: Stroinski Maciej , Kwarciak Kamil , Kowalewski Mateusz , Hemmerling Daria , Frier William , Georgiou Orestis
Published: December 2024

In multisensory storytelling, the integration of touch, sound, speech, and visual elements plays a crucial role in enhancing the narrative immersion and audience engagement. In light of this, this article presents a scalable and intelligent hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) method that uses emotional text analysis for deciding when and what midair haptics to display alongside audiovisual content generated by latent stable diffusion methods. Then, a user study involving 40 participants is described, the results of which suggest that the proposed approach enhances the audience level of engagement as they experience a short AI‐generated multisensory (audio–visual–haptic) story.
Recent Synthetic Strategies for the Functionalization of Indole and AzaindoleScaffolds
Authors: Annie Aksa S , Pradeep Kumar Marappan , Adithya Ramesh , Vignesh Kaliswaran , Dhayalan Vasudevan
Published: December 2024

Indole and azaindole are among the most predominant heterocyclic molecules due to their presence in various natural products, vitamins, amino acids, alkaloids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and natural pigments. They also serve as fundamental starting materials for synthesizing a wide range of complex organic molecules. Additionally, these compounds are of significant importance in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activities and applications. Therefore, developing sustainable functionalization strategies for indole and azaindole is essential. This review explores recent synthetic methods for functionalizing indole and azaindole, including C‐H activation, cross‐coupling reactions, metal catalysis, organocatalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis, with a focus on recent advancements from 2019 to 2023.
Fluctuation of tissue eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp
Authors: Sombutpiboonphon Kunjira , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Lawpoolsri Saranath , Chotikawichean Nutpacha , Kowatanamongkon Patlada , Mongkolkul Kittichai , Chitsuthipakorn Wirach
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Tissue eosinophil count (TEC) is recommended for defining Type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). TEC is usually assessed by a one‐time polyp biopsy. Because TEC may change over time, its reliability for diagnosing type 2 CRSwNP has not been previously assessed. This study aims to explore whether TEC fluctuates across different time points.

Methods

Adult patients with CRSwNP were prospectively recruited at Rajavithi Hospital, Thailand. Participants who had used any form of steroids within 4 weeks were excluded. Polyps were taken for TEC evaluation upon recruitment and repeated at 3 and 6 months. Participants were assessed using the 22‐items Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score (LKES), blood eosinophil count, and its percentage at each time point.

Results

Thirty‐seven participants were enrolled. The medians (Quartiles 1–3) of TEC were 17 (4–53.5), 19 (5–47.5), and 21 (4.5–51) cells/high‐powered field at 0, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Friedman's two‐way analysis of variance showed no statistical differences across the three time points for TEC (p = 0.53), blood eosinophil counts (p = 0.61), blood eosinophil percentages (p = 0.23), SNOT‐22 (p = 0.21), or LKES (p = 0.23). TEC significantly correlated with blood eosinophil counts at 0 and 3 months and with blood eosinophil percentages at 0, 3, and 6 months (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The study showed that TEC did not significantly fluctuate over time, aligning with blood eosinophil levels, SNOT‐22, and LKES. This stability within the 6‐month period supports the reliability of TEC from a single biopsy for clinical use in managing CRSwNP.
Novel Mononuclear Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) Complexes of Coumarinyl‐Pyrazolyl‐Thiazole Thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Shebl Magdy , Ali Tarik E. , Assiri Mohammed A.
Published: December 2024

Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) acetates reacted with a thiosemicarbazone ligand (CPPTSC; HL) to produce novel solid complexes with the general formula [M(L)(H2O)m]·nH2O, m = 2 or nil, n = 1 or nil, M = Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). Several analytical and spectroscopic techniques have been efficiently used to characterize the synthesized chelates. The investigated CPPTSC ligand functions as a monoanionic tridentate in all chelates. Measurements of molar conductivity showed that all chelates behaved in a non‐electrolytic manner. In contrast to nickel‐CPPTSC and cobalt‐CPPTSC complexes, which showed tetrahedral geometries, the copper‐CPPTSC complex showed a distorted octahedral geometry. The thermal decomposition behaviors of CPPTSC complexes were examined using TG. To assess the molecular structural characteristics of CPPTSC and its complexes, density functional theory (DFT) was applied at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) and LanL2dz levels. The antiproliferative properties of CPPTSC and its chelates against two human cancer cell lines, HepG‐2 (hepatic) and MCF‐7 (breast), were evaluated. The Cu‐CPPTSC and Ni‐CPPTSC complexes displayed the superior IC50 values compared with doxorubicin, suggesting a potentially improved therapeutic index. The bioactive Cu‐CPPTSC and Ni‐CPPTSC complexes markedly increased the late apoptosis of all studied tumor cells. The Cu‐CPPTSC and Ni‐CPPTSC complexes showed great cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase and moderate cell cycle arrest in the S phase. The discovered Cu‐CPPTSC and Ni‐CPPTSC complexes were then subjected to a molecular docking experiment and displayed good interactions with CDK‐2 receptor.
Frontal Polymerization of Phytic Acid Containing Hexaacrylate, Triacrylate, and Fillers
Authors: Martinez Maria , Bansal Karan , Pojman John A. , Quadir Mohiuddin
Published: December 2024

Frontal polymerization (FP) has been used in the application of coatings, adhesive, and composites. In this work, a new bio‐based phytic acid monomer, known as phyto‐urethane acrylate (PUA) with demonstrated flame retardant abilities, has been incorporated and frontally polymerized into a base formulation composed of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), a peroxide thermal radical initiator and fumed silica. This is the first report of a hexaacrylate monomer cured via FP. Four different fillers (magnesium hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, milled carbon fiber, and melamine), known for their flame‐retardant properties were also incorporated into the base formulation along with PUA resin. The front velocity, front temperature and viscosity were studied for all formulations in detail. Thermal analysis of the composites showed that composites prepared in this research have high glass transition temperature above 200°C and degradation temperature above 300°C. Surface properties before and after burning events were captured via SEM, and it was found that formulation containing PUA resin showed bubble morphology, which indicates char formation. Microcomputed tomography (μ‐CT) showed that quantity and morphology of the pores in the composites can be altered with the incorporation of PUA resin and fillers.
Preparation of Highly Aminated Polystyrene Resin Beads for CO2 Adsorption
Authors: Meng Qi , Niu Hao , Liu Penghao , Cao Yiwen , Wang Meiling , Jia Ninghong , Teng Qiaoqiao , Chen Shengbin
Published: December 2024

A methodology of using chloroacetylated polystyrene resin (PS‐COCH2‐Cl) to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of oxazolines was established to prepare highly amininated polystyrene (PS) resin beads for CO2 adsorption. The structure of the resulting material was fully characterized by FTIR, BET, TGA, and XPS, and the results suggested that the chloroacetyl group was more reactive in initiating the ring‐opening polymerization of oxazolines than the known chloromethyl groups, which eliminated the use of iodide salts that are costly. The resulting material could adsorb CO2 at an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 3.15 mmol/g at 25°C and 1 atm, and the adsorption isotherms conformed to the Freundlich isothermal model, indicating a multi‐layer adsorption type. Kinetic study suggested that the adsorption was predominantly governed by chemical interactions with physical adsorption playing a supportive role. For a simulated flue gas of 15% CO2/N2, 50°C, relative humidity of 80%, SO2 concentration of 50 ppm, the adsorption performance of PS‐COCH2‐LPEI was even improved and the capacity can be well retained for at least 20 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating a promising application prospect of this solid polyamine material in removing CO2 from flue gas.
Evolution of the “long‐tail” concept for scientific data
Authors: Stahlman Gretchen R. , Kouper Inna
Published: December 2024

This review paper explores the evolution of discussions about “long‐tail” scientific data in the scholarly literature. The “long‐tail” concept, originally used to explain trends in digital consumer goods, was first applied to scientific data in 2007 to refer to a vast array of smaller, heterogeneous data collections that cumulatively represent a substantial portion of scientific knowledge. However, these datasets, often referred to as “long‐tail data,” are frequently mismanaged or overlooked due to inadequate data management practices and institutional support. This paper examines the changing landscape of discussions about long‐tail data over time, situated within broader ecosystems of research data management and the natural interplay between “big” and “small” data. The review also bridges discussions on data curation in Library & Information Science (LIS) and domain‐specific contexts, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the long‐tail concept's utility for effective data management outcomes. The review aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this concept, its terminological diversity in the literature, and its utility for guiding data management, overall informing current and future information science research and practice.
Principle Design of C−C Coupling Pathway Towards Highly Selective C2 Products Using Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction:A Review
Authors: Liu Qian , Yang Guang , Li Ruru , Yang Xiaowen , Duan Yingnan , Chen Fangyuan , Shen Zhurui
Published: December 2024

Photocatalytic conversion of environmental CO2 into valuable fuels is expected to alleviate fossil fuel and pollution problems. However, intricate product‐reaction pathways complicate the regulation of product selectivity. Most studies in this field have focused on increasing productivity rather than on controlling product formation. To date, the major products of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs) are C1 compounds, as opposed to the higher‐value C2 compounds, because of the low C2 selectivity of this process. The design of C−C coupled pathways is paramount to facilitate selective access to C2 products in the photocatalytic CO2RR. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and pathways of CO2RR product generation based on recent research results and summarise the work on CO2RR to C2 products. This review aims to modulate the product‐generation pathway to improve the yield and selectivity of C2 products by facilitating C−C coupling reactions. Finally, some of the current challenges in the field of the CO2RR to C2 are outlined, including possible mechanistic interpretations, cost of catalyst use, reactor design, and potential solutions.
LOIN für Elemente des geologisch‐geotechnischen Baugrundmodells
Authors: Massimo‐Kaiser Ines M. , Fröch Georg , Salzgeber Hannah , Flora Matthias
Published: December 2024

Die ÖNORM EN 17412‐1 definiert die Informationsbedarfstiefe bzw. den Level of Information Need (LOIN) durch klare Vorgaben zu Anforderungen und Verantwortlichkeiten, die Einbindung von geometrischen und alphanumerischen Informationen sowie Dokumentationsvorgaben. Für geologisch‐geotechnische Baugrundmodelle wurde der LOIN mit dem Ziel einer Definition für Baugrundelemente noch nicht näher beschrieben. Bisherige Arbeiten fokussierten sich auf die geometrische Umsetzung von Baugrundmodellen, hier erfolgt nun die erweiterte Beschreibung des LOIN um alphanumerische Informationen. Es wird erläutert, wie geologische Informationen der vier Planungsphasen Grundlagenerhebung, Erkundungsplanung, Erkundung und Interpretation strukturiert und vollständig in digitale Modelle zu implementieren sind, um eine verlustfreie Übergabe an die geotechnische Planung zu gewährleisten. Eine projektbezogene Definition des LOIN für spezifische Baugrundelemente, sowie beispielhaft für das Element Bohrung, ermöglicht eine präzise und strukturierte Bereitstellung von Daten, vermeidet Informationsüberschuss und unterstützt fundierte Entscheidungen sowie eine effiziente Planung über den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Bauwerks. Betont werden die Notwendigkeit eines klar definierten LOIN sowie die frühzeitige Einbindung und Abstimmung mit den Projektbeteiligten für eine effektive geotechnische Planung und die fortlaufende Modellierung geologischer Daten.
Wiederverwendung im Tragwerk
Authors: Nowak Jana , Kummert Clea , Oppe Matthias
Published: December 2024

Wiederverwendung (engl. Re‐Use) von Bauprodukten ist eine der wichtigsten Strategien, um eine klimagerechte und regenerative Bauwirtschaft zu etablieren. Dennoch stehen v. a. dem Bauen mit gebrauchten tragenden Bauteilen bislang sowohl regulatorische Hürden als auch der übliche lineare Planungsprozess im Weg. Die Wiederverwendung gebrauchter Stahlträger aus dem Treppenturm eines Parkhauses in Stuttgart zeigt als Pilotprojekt das große Potenzial von Re‐Use tragender Bauteile auf. Die damit einhergehende Emissionseinsparung konnte mithilfe der Ökobilanzierung quantifiziert werden. Eine Betrachtung der zukünftigen Kreislauffähigkeit zeigt die Grenzen dieser Methode für eine umfassende Betrachtung der ökologischen Mehrwerte auf. Um diese einheitlich messbar zu machen und damit die Umsetzung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft im Bauwesen zu begünstigen, muss die Methode der Ökobilanzierung um eine Zirkularitätsbewertung ergänzt werden.
Considerations Regarding High Oil Density Bioreactor‐Scale Fermentations of Yarrowia lipolytica Using CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation
Authors: Coleman Sarah M. , Marx Richard J. , Martinez Morgan K. , Silvera Ashli J. , Park Junwon , Ramanan Esha , Kaown Geena , Yoon Seongkyu , Xie Dongming , Alper Hal S.
Published: December 2024

Hydrophobic feedstocks such as waste cooking oil have recently been considered for microbial biotransformation due to their abundance, low cost, and unique advantage for lipid‐derived fermentation products. Most fermentations with hydrophobic substrates are conducted at the tube or flask scale (less than 1 L total volume) or with the hydrophobic substrate comprising a small fraction of the media. Low substrate concentrations require additional feeding. Alternatively, high concentrations do not require significant dilution of the oil feedstock, which reduce volumetric requirements for larger scale fermentations. However, high‐oil‐density fermentations complicate efficient mixing and mass transfer challenges which are exacerbated at larger scales. To address this, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were explored to simulate three‐phase (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and gaseous) bench (3 L) and pilot scale (4000 L) bioreactors, highlighting challenges and potential considerations. Bioreactor fermentations of Yarrowia lipolytica strain L36DGA1 with substrate loadings of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (v/v) waste cooking oil were also conducted, representing one of the highest concentrations in the reported literature. This work supports future research into and implementation of high‐oil‐density fermentations at the bench and pilot bioreactor scale.
Interplay Between Financial Markets, Environmental Stewardship, Gender Diversity, and Firm Size in Emission‐Intensive Sectors of Emerging Asian Economies: A Board‐Level Perspective
Authors: Wasan Pratibha , Luthra Sunil , Mulchandani Kalyani , Vishnani Sushma
Published: December 2024

Existing research on board gender diversity often overlooks the role of firm size. It lacks a comprehensive evaluation of financial market and environmental performance, particularly in emerging markets with high gender bias. Addressing these gaps, we investigate the moderated mediation between board gender diversity, environmental stewardship, firm size, and market performance in emission‐intensive sectors of emerging Asian economies with significant gender disparity. We perform FE 2‐SLS regressions on a panel of 1012 firm‐year observations from 96 firms (2013–2023) and test Hayes Process Macro‐Model 7 on cross‐sectional data from 929 firms in 2023. Results robust to alternative measures and endogeneity concerns suggest that women board directorships enhance financial market performance directly and via improved environmental stewardship. The environmental benefits, however, diminish in larger firms. Notably, gender diversity in executive roles does not affect environmental stewardship but increases financial market performance. The study introduces a novel measure of environmental stewardship and offers new insights into corporate governance, environment management, and financial markets literature, with significant implications for regulators, investors, and managers.
Firms' Preferences for Environmental, Social, and Governance Policies: Evidence From Small and Medium Enterprises in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Wai‐Fung , Nie Lin , Chan Edward KF
Published: December 2024

Though large corporations have made significant strides in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) integration, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face challenges due to limited resources and incentives. This study explores the preferences and priorities of SMEs in Hong Kong—a major financial hub with over 340,000 SMEs—regarding ESG policy instruments, addressing a critical gap in current scholarship that often overlooks the perspectives of regulatees. Utilizing a conjoint experiment, this research assesses SMEs' preferences for ESG policies with varying levels of specificity in ESG aspects. We find that SMEs generally favor some form of ESG regulation over none; preferences vary across policy fields and subsectors. The findings indicate that understanding SMEs' preferences is necessary to design effective policy tools that encourage ESG adoption. By focusing on regulatees' perceptions, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of ESG policy design, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance corporate sustainability across diverse business sectors.
OCR issues new guidance on Section 504 protections for cancer
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

The Office for Civil Rights issued new resources for protecting students with cancer from discrimination on the basis of disability.
Statistical Fragility of Findings From Randomized Phase 3 Trials in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Olsen Hannah E. , Kao Pei‐Chi , Richmond Caleb , Shulman David S. , London Wendy B. , DuBois Steven G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The fragility index (FI) is an adjunctive metric to facilitate the interpretation of p‐values in clinical trials. The FI has not been studied in phase 3 trials in pediatric oncology.

Methods

PubMed was used to identify phase 3 pediatric oncology trials published between 1980 and 2020. We report trial characteristics and calculate the FI for trials with a binary outcome and survival‐inferred fragility index (SIFI) for trials with a time‐to‐event outcome. FI/SIFI is the number of patients from one arm of a trial who would need to change groups for the statistical conclusion to change. We also report fragility quotients (FQ and SFQ) to normalize FI and SIFI relative to trial size.

Results

One hundred and thirteen trials included sufficient data for analysis. The median FI for trials with a binary outcome (n = 40) was 4.5 (range: 1–33). The median SIFI for trials with a time‐to‐event outcome (n = 73) was 13 (range: 0–61). The FI or SIFI was less than the number of patients lost to follow‐up in 25% of 36 trials. Median FQ and SFQ were 0.026 and 0.03, respectively, and did not significantly vary according to trial characteristics. While sample sizes increased over time, the FQ and SFQ remained stable.

Conclusions

The statistical conclusions of pediatric oncology phase 3 trials hinge on a relatively small number and proportion of patients. Despite the sample size limitations of low prevalence diseases, pediatric cancer trials are similarly or less fragile than adult oncology trials. Smaller trials do not appear more statistically fragile than larger trials. Statistical fragility appears to have remained constant over the four decades evaluated. We recommend reporting FI or SIFI, in conjunction with p‐values, for all phase 3 pediatric oncology trials.
Mobile Applications in Breast Cancer Postoperative Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alidadi Maryam , Rabiei Reza , Akbari Atieh , Emami Hassan , Laal Mousavi Seyed Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Background

The utilization of mobile application in postoperative care for breast cancer patients has seen a significant rise in recent years. This study aimed to synthesize the literature to identify the features of breast cancer postoperative care mobile applications.

Methods

This scoping review was conducted using the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. All articles published from inception until July 25, 2024, were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and Cochrane databases. The quality of publications was evaluated using the mixed‐methods appraisal tool (MMAT).

Results

A total of 999 publications were found, of which 28 studies were considered in this review. Out of these studies, 14 used native apps, 14 used hybrid apps. Nine features were used in applications, and Tracker, Tailored Education, and Community Forum were the most repetitive features. In five studies, various devices and sensors, like Bluetooth and GPS, were utilized in mobile applications to monitor physical activity, stress levels, heart rate, sleep patterns, and calorie intake.

Conclusions

Mobile applications for postoperative breast cancer care encompass a range of features. In a co‐design approach, understanding patients' required features could help to develop usable applications to improve the postoperative care for breast cancer patients.
Balancing CIK Cell Cancer Immunotherapy and PPAR Ligands: One Potential Therapeutic Application for CNS Malignancies
Authors: Vordermark Kira , Pu JingJing , Sharma Amit , Maciacyzk Jarek , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H.
Published: December 2024

Background

Cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cell therapy has proven successful in clinical trials regarding glioblastoma. Equally important are the hints suggesting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) ligands being co‐expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). This provides a rationale about investigating the possible synergistic effect of CIK cells and PPARs.

Methodology

We investigated neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines with mature CIK cells and the PPARγ antagonist GW‐9662 to assess the effects on cell viability, candidate gene expression (Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, DNMT1) and global methylation levels (5‐methylcytosine, LINE‐1).

Results

Using a clinical applicable PPAR‐γ inhibitor, we showed that (1) PPARγ‐antagonist GW‐9662 suppressed tumor cell growth in both neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells, (2) PPARγ inhibition had restricted effect on the expression of Wnt/β‐catenin associated genes, (3) inhibition of PPARγ led to downregulation of DNMT1 expression, supporting their hypothesized interaction in cancer, (4) a partial modulation of global LINE‐1 methylation levels was observed, indicating their role in epigenetic processes, and (5) Combining PPARγ inhibition with CIK cell immunotherapy enhanced cell lysis significantly.

Conclusion

We provide evidence that PPAR ligands in combination with CIK cell immunotherapy could be a valuable option for malignant CNS tumors.
New Arylalkenyl α‐Pyrones from Cryptocarya densiflora
Authors: Meng Jie , Xue Jun‐Juan , Miao Lei , Zhang Yu , Rao Li , Zhang Chuan‐Rui
Published: December 2024

Four previously undescribed arylalkenyl α‐pyrones, designated as crydensiones A‒D (1‒4), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Cryptocarya densiflora. Their structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses together with quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance data. All isolates were assessed for cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 (colon), A549 (lung), and MDA‐MB‐231 (breast) cancer cell lines; however, none demonstrated significant activity.
A Rare Case of Pigmented Eccrine Poroma on the Trunk Mimicking Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Al‐Zahawi Saman , Ghanadan Alireza , Mahmoudi HamidReza , Razavi Zahra
Published: December 2024

Representative clinical images in this study can increase awareness regarding the clinical similarity between this benign adnexal tumor and malignant melanoma and highlight the importance of pathological examination.
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis With Orthopedic and Self‐Injury Complications in a 5‐Year‐Old Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Amin Zubair , Saeed Humza , Naufil Syed Imam , Saba Sadaf , Imtiaz Abdullah , Akhlaq Syed Hassan , Ahmad Muhammad Husnain , Ali Masab
Published: December 2024

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder because of NTRK1 gene mutations, leading to an inability to perceive pain and temperature and lack of sweating. Its rarity and unique clinical challenges, such as severe injuries from the inability to sense pain, make reporting cases critical. A 5‐year‐old boy, the third child of consanguineous parents, was referred for a fractured femur. His history includes recurrent fevers, pain insensitivity, self‐mutilation, and anhidrosis with compensatory hyperhidrosis. Examination showed multiple ulcers, dry skin, missing digits, dental issues, and corneal ulcers. The neurological assessment confirmed loss of pain and temperature sensation. Genetic testing confirmed NTRK1 mutations, diagnosing CIPA. The femur fracture was treated with a hip spica cast, and injury prevention and temperature management were advised to the parents. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CIPA, highlights the need for genetic counseling for at‐risk families, and provides insights into managing the condition's complex challenges. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
A Novel Intersection: Cytomegalovirus Gastritis Following Cemiplimab and Talimogene Laherparepvec in a Patient With Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Egoryan Goar , Zimmet Alex , Yu Mingwei , Pozdol Joseph , Subramanian Aruna , Reddy Sunil , Nelson Joanna
Published: December 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is a rare complication in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), typically occurring after immunosuppressive therapy for immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Here, we report a unique case of severe CMV gastritis in a patient receiving cemiplimab, an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, and talimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC), an oncolytic virus, without prior irAEs or immunosuppressive treatment. A 63‐year‐old man with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma received cemiplimab for one year and a single T‐VEC injection for recurrent disease. He presented with progressive dyspepsia, significant weight loss, and malnutrition requiring total parenteral nutrition. Endoscopy revealed extensive gastric ulceration, and biopsies confirmed CMV gastritis. Initial treatment with intravenous ganciclovir improved his viral load but provided minimal symptomatic relief. After six weeks of therapy, biopsies showed resolution of CMV infection, and the patient transitioned to oral valganciclovir for prophylaxis while resuming cancer treatment. This case highlights the potential for CMV reactivation in patients undergoing ICI therapy, even without prior immunosuppression or irAEs. Notably, the concurrent use of T‐VEC raises questions about the interplay between oncolytic viruses, ICIs, and immune modulation. Although T‐VEC is not known to directly cause CMV reactivation, its role in amplifying immune responses warrants further investigation. As ICIs and oncolytic viruses become increasingly integral in oncology, clinicians must remain vigilant for rare infectious complications like CMV reactivation. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms, identify risk factors, and optimize management strategies for these events.
Mild‐Temperature Catalyzed Hydrosilylation for Simplified Carbohydrate Functionalization of Porous Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Nolli Maria Grazia , Terracciano Monica , Rea Ilaria , D'Errico Stefano , Placido Mineo Giuseppe , De Stefano Luca , Piccialli Gennaro , Riela Serena , Oliviero Giorgia , Borbone Nicola
Published: December 2024

Porous silicon is one of the most explored nanostructured materials in various biomedical applications owing to its remarkable properties. However, its inherent chemical instability mandates a robust surface modification procedure, and proper surface bioengineering is essential to ensure its effectiveness in the biomedical field. In this study, we introduce a one‐pot functionalization strategy that simultaneously stabilizes porous silicon nanoparticles and decorates their surface with carbohydrates through hydrosilylation chemistry, combining mild temperatures and a Lewis acid catalyst. This approach yielded a surface functionalization degree of 300 μmol g−1 in just 4 hours at 60 °C, significantly reducing both the prolonged reaction times and high temperatures typically associated with conventional hydrosilylation. Furthermore, this advancement opens the way for utilizing thermolabile molecules useful for surface bioengineering.
Advances in luminescent fibers for interactive smart textiles
Authors: Xu Shumao , Fan Xiujun , Chen Songyue , Manshaii Farid , Yin Junyi , Chen Jun
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in luminescent fibers are transforming textiles by integrating lighting and display functionalities into fabrics for applications such as health monitoring, dynamic displays, and adaptive camouflage. Active electroluminescent fibers, powered by electric fields, enable tunable light emission, while passive photoluminescent fibers rely on photoluminescence or triboluminescence to emit light. Although challenges remain in achieving uniform luminescence and ensuring durability, breakthroughs in materials science, structural engineering, and system integration are addressing these issues. Innovations such as chipless electroluminescent textiles and thermally drawn photoluminescent fibers highlight significant progress, pointing toward a future where clothing facilitates health monitoring and dynamic interaction, advancing natural human–machine interfaces.
Knockdown of Methylation‐Related Gene MBD2 Blocks Cell Growth by Upregulating p21 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cao Ting , Shen Xia , Pei Fei , Jiang Taogeng , Zhang Jun , Zhou Hong
Published: December 2024

Background

Methyl‐CpG‐binding domain 2 (MBD2) attaches to methylated DNA, which mediates methylated gene transcription, leading to gene silencing and affecting tumor progression. The molecular mechanisms of MBD2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain insufficiently characterized.

Aims

This study sought to assess the clinical relevance of MBD2 expression in HNSCC, with a particular focus on elucidating its functional role in tumor progression and its regulatory influence on p21 expression and cellular proliferation.

Methods

We analyzed the relationships between MBD2 expression, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes in HNSCC patients using data from the UALCAN, TCGA, and cBioPortal databases. The functional role of MBD2 in HNSCC was further investigated through in vitro experiments. p21 expression was assessed using western blotting and qRT‐PCR in TU212 and AMC‐HN8 cells. These cells were treated with either shRNA targeting MBD2, 5‐azacytidine (5‐Aza), or a combination of shRNA MBD2 and 5‐Aza. Additionally, cell proliferation and viability were measured in each treatment group.

Results

MBD2 was found to be frequently overexpressed in HNSCC tissues, and its altered expression was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Both shRNA‐mediated MBD2 knockdown and 5‐Aza treatment increased p21 expression in HNSCC cells, exhibiting similar functions with additive effects. Furthermore, both treatments significantly inhibited cell proliferation and viability.

Conclusion

These results indicated that shRNA‐mediated MBD2 knockdown suppresses HNSCC cell growth by upregulating p21 expression. In addition to its role as an oncogene, MBD2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HNSCC patients.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Novel Insights into the Dual Mode of Action of Bisacodyl: A Randomized, Placebo‐controlled Trial in Constipation
Authors: Aliyu Abdulsalam , Dellschaft Neele , Hoad Caroline , Williams Hannah , Gaudoin Emily , Sulaiman Sarah , Crooks Colin , Gowland Penny , Aran Alexia , Lange Robert , Bois De Fer Beatrice , Corsetti Maura , Marciani Luca , Spiller Robin
Published: December 2024

Bisacodyl is a widely used laxative that stimulates both motility and secretion. Our aim was to exploit the unique capabilities of MRI to define bisacodyl's mode of action. Two placebo‐controlled cross‐over trials were performed, one using a single dose of Bisacodyl 5 mg while the second dosed daily for 3 consecutive days. Serial MRI was performed every 75 minutes. Primary endpoint: ascending colon water content as assessed by T1AC AUC300–450 minutes. Secondary endpoints included: small bowel water content, whole gut transit time (WGTT), colonic volumes, stool frequency, and consistency using Bristol Stool Form Score (BSFS). Exploratory endpoints: changes in the serial segmental volumes were quantified from the number of “mass movements” defined as episodes when segmental volume change from the previous scan was > 20% of baseline volume. We also measure the time to defecate after dosing. After 3 days of bisacodyl, ascending colon water content (T1) was 62% greater than after placebo, mean difference T1 AUC300–450 minutes 50.2 (61.0) sec.min, 95% CI (9.2, 91.2), P = 0.02, while after a single dose difference was only 11% (P = 0.58). Both single and repeated doses shortened WGTT (P < 0.049) and time to defecate (P 0.01). Only repeated doses significantly increased small bowel water content (P < 0.03), the number of “mass movements” (P = 0.048), bowel frequency (P = 0.006), and BSFS (P = 0.03). Repeated, compared to single dosing of Bisacodyl, additionally increases small bowel and colon water content and increases the number of “mass movements” thereby increasing its laxative effect. MRI is a non‐invasive, patient‐acceptable technique for evaluating drugs which alter secretion and/or motility.
Development of Aromatic Organic Materials for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Strategies, Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Fu Chongchong , Liu Xin , Gu Wei , He Di , Liu Xiaoyue , Lu Jiahui , Liu Yu , Wang Chengyin , Pang Huan
Published: December 2024

Ever since lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) were successfully commercialized, aromatic compounds have attended every turning point in optimizing electrolytes, separators, and even electrode materials. However, the contribution of aromatic compounds has always been neglected compared to other advanced materials. At the same time, designing next‐generation LIBs with higher flexibility, solid‐state electrolytes, high energy density, and better Coulombic Efficiency (CE) has imposed stricter duties on aromatic components. In this review, we first systematically introduce the history of aromatic compounds that promote the development of LIBs. Typical applications of aromatic compounds in LIBs (e.g., separators, electrolytes, binders, and electrodes) are discussed in detail, and corresponding design characteristics are systematically analyzed. Finally, we suppose conjectures and prospects orientally designing aromatic compounds in the next generation LIBs.
Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia Over Copper‐based Catalysts
Authors: Hou Tailei , Shan Tianshang , Rong Hongpan , Zhang Jiatao
Published: December 2024

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonia (NH3) holds substantial promise, as it transforms NO3− from polluted water into valuable NH3. However, the reaction is limited by sluggish kinetics and low NH3 selectivity. Cu‐based catalysts with unique electronic structures demonstrate rapid NO3− to NO2− rate‐determining step (RDS) and fast electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (eNO3RR) kinetics among non‐noble metal catalysts. Nonetheless, achieving high robustness and selectivity for NH3 with Cu‐based catalysts remains a significant challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the reaction mechanisms in eNO3RR, highlights how the structures of monometallic and bimetallic Cu‐based catalyst affect catalytic properties, and discusses the current challenges as well as prospects in eNO3RR.
Laboratory evaluation of a low‐cost micro electro‐mechanical systems sensor for inclination and acceleration monitoring
Authors: Paganis Antonis , Georgiannou Vassiliki N. , Lignos Xenofon , El Dahr Reina
Published: December 2024

In this study, the design and development of a sensor made of low‐cost parts to monitor inclination and acceleration are presented. Α micro electro‐mechanical systems, micro electro mechanical systems, sensor was housed in a robust enclosure and interfaced with a Raspberry Pi microcomputer with Internet connectivity into a proposed tilt and acceleration monitoring node. Online capabilities accessible by mobile phone such as real‐time graph, early warning notification, and database logging were implemented using Python programming. The sensor response was calibrated for inherent bias and errors, and then tested thoroughly in the laboratory under static and dynamic loading conditions beside high‐quality transducers. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved in real time using the Complementary Filter method, and it was further improved in LabVIEW using Kalman Filters with parameter tuning. A sensor interface with LabVIEW and a 600 MHz CPU microcontroller allowed real‐time implementation of high‐speed embedded filters, further optimizing sensor results. Kalman and embedded filtering results show agreement for the sensor, followed closely by the low‐complexity complementary filter applied in real time. The sensor's dynamic response was also verified by shaking table tests, simulating past recorded seismic excitations or artificial vibrations, indicating negligible effect of external acceleration on measured tilt; sensor measurements were benchmarked using high‐quality tilt and acceleration measuring transducers. A preliminary field evaluation shows robustness of the sensor to harsh weather conditions.