bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric extinction in solar tower plants: the Absorption and Broadband Correction for MOR measurements
Authors: Hanrieder N. , Wilbert S. , Pitz-Paal R. , Emde C. , Gasteiger J. , Mayer B. , Polo J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Losses of reflected Direct Normal Irradiance due to atmospheric extinction in concentrating solar tower plants can vary significantly with site and time. The losses of the direct normal irradiance between the heliostat field and receiver in a solar tower plant are mainly caused by atmospheric scattering and absorption by aerosol and water vapor concentration in the atmospheric boundary layer. Due to a high aerosol particle number, radiation losses can be significantly larger in desert environments compared to the standard atmospheric conditions which are usually considered in raytracing or plant optimization tools. Information about on-site atmospheric extinction is only rarely available. To measure these radiation losses, two different commercially available instruments were tested and more than 19 months of measurements were collected at the Plataforma Solar de Almería and compared. Both instruments are primarily used to determine the meteorological optical range (MOR). The Vaisala FS11 scatterometer is based on a monochromatic near-infrared light source emission and measures the strength of scattering processes in a small air volume mainly caused by aerosol particles. The Optec LPV4 long-path visibility transmissometer determines the monochromatic attenuation between a light-emitting diode (LED) light source at 532 nm and a receiver and therefore also accounts for absorption processes. As the broadband solar attenuation is of interest for solar resource assessment for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP), a correction procedure for these two instruments is developed and tested. This procedure includes a spectral correction of both instruments from monochromatic to broadband attenuation. That means the attenuation is corrected for the actual, time-dependent by the collector reflected solar spectrum. Further, an absorption correction for the Vaisala FS11 scatterometer is implemented. To optimize the Absorption and Broadband Correction (ABC) procedure, additional measurement input of a nearby sun photometer is used to enhance on-site atmospheric assumptions for description of the atmosphere in the algorithm. Comparing both uncorrected and spectral- and absorption-corrected extinction data from one year measurements at the Plataforma Solar de Almería, the mean difference between the scatterometer and the transmissometer is reduced from 4.4 to 0.6%. Applying the ABC procedure without the usage of additional input data from a sun photometer still reduces the difference between both sensors to about 0.8%. Applying an expert guess assuming a standard aerosol profile for continental regions instead of additional sun photometer input results in a mean difference of 0.81%. Therefore, applying this new correction method, both instruments can now be utilized to determine the solar broadband extinction in tower plants sufficiently accurate.
An automatic and effective parameter optimization method for model tuning
Authors: Zhang T. , Li L. , Lin Y. , Xue W. , Xie F. , Xu H. , Huang X.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Physical parameterizations in General Circulation Models (GCMs), having various uncertain parameters, greatly impact model performance and model climate sensitivity. Traditional manual and empirical tuning of these parameters is time consuming and ineffective. In this study, a "three-step" methodology is proposed to automatically and effectively obtain the optimum combination of some key parameters in cloud and convective parameterizations according to a comprehensive objective evaluation metrics. Different from the traditional optimization methods, two extra steps, one determines parameter sensitivity and the other chooses the optimum initial value of sensitive parameters, are introduced before the downhill simplex method to reduce the computational cost and improve the tuning performance. Atmospheric GCM simulation results show that the optimum combination of these parameters determined using this method is able to improve the model's overall performance by 9%. The proposed methodology and software framework can be easily applied to other GCMs to speed up the model development process, especially regarding unavoidable comprehensive parameters tuning during the model development stage.
Trends of surface humidity and temperature during 1951−2012 in Beijing, China
Authors: Chu Q. , Xu Z. , Peng D. , Yang X. , Yang G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this paper, two datasets, a long time series (1951–2012) of daily surface observations at one meteorological station and a shorter time series (1979–2012) of three-hourly data with 0.1°×0.1° spatial resolution were analysed by using non-parametric methods to identify annual and seasonal variations in surface humidity and temperature. The results reveal that: (1) saturation water vapour pressure increased exponentially with temperature. Actual daily values at Beijing Meteorological Station are very close to the theoretical values estimated by using the simplified Clausius-Clapeyron equation, but with seasonal variations. (2) For both long- and short-term data, clear increasing tendencies of annual saturation specific humidity and temperature are found. Decreasing and drying trends were detected for winter. (3) The annual relative humidity showed a decreasing trend except for some suburban areas, somehow related to the lower temperature and increased specific humidity in those areas. (4) Regional changes in topography and elevation likely influenced trends in surface humidity, while local land use showed little effect on it.
Online watershed boundary delineation: sharing models through Spatial Data Infrastructures
Authors: Squividant H. , Bera R. , Aurousseau P. , Cudennec C.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The proposal in this paper is to make accessible the hydrology analysis tools that were developed by our research team in the past years through an interoperable Spatial Data Infrastructure. To this aim we chose to develop add-ons for the geOrchestra OGC-compliant platform. Such add-ons trigger algorithms and retrieve their output in real time through OGC standard WPS. We then introduce a watershed WPS add-on and its functioning modes. In so doing we exemplify the fact that the use of OGC standards make it straightforward (and transparent to the user operating a common web browser) to remotely trigger a process on a distant server, then apply it to distant data present on a remote cartographic server, and drop the outcome onto a third-party cartographic server while visualizing it all on a browser.
Evaluation of the HYMOD model for rainfall–runoff simulation using the GLUE method
Authors: Quan Z. , Teng J. , Sun W. , Cheng T. , Zhang J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The Yalong River is the third largest base of the 13 hydropower bases in China. Long-time series of river discharge records are essential for the design of hydropower stations and water resource management. The existing monitoring network is scarce and cannot provide sufficient hydrological information for the basin. Rainfall–runoff models are popular tools for extending hydrological data in both space and time. In this paper, the feasibility of applying a conceptual rainfall–runoff model, HYdrological MODel (HYMOD), to the upper Yalong River basin was evaluated. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) was employed for model calibration and uncertainty analysis. The results show that simulated discharge matches the observations satisfactorily, indicating the hydrological model performs well and the application of HYMOD to estimate long time-series of river discharge in the study area is feasible.
Detecting runoff variation in Weihe River basin, China
Authors: Jingjing F. , Qiang H. , Shen C. , Aijun G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Dramatic changes in hydrological factors in the Weihe River basin are analysed. These changes have exacerbated ecological problems and caused severe water shortages for agriculture, industries and the human population in the region, but their drivers are uncertain. The Mann-Kendall test, accumulated departure analysis, sequential clustering and the sliding t-test methods were used to identify the causes of changes in precipitation and runoff in the Weihe basin. Change-points were identified in the precipitation and runoff records for all sub-catchments. For runoff, the change in trend was most pronounced during the 1990s, whereas changes in precipitation were more prominent earlier. The results indicate that human activities have had a greater impact than climate change on the hydrology of the Weihe basin. These findings have significant implications for the establishment of effective strategies to counter adverse effects of hydrological changes in the catchment.
Impact of global dimming on reference evapotranspiration in Hai River basin, China
Authors: Zhao N. , Zeng X. , Sun H.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Global radiation can impact the surface energy balance and hydrological cycle. This study analysed changes in global radiation in Hai River basin, China during 1960 to 2012. Global radiation decreased significantly from 1960 to 1989 and increased from 1990 to 2012, which has been described as “from dimming to brightening”. Sunshine duration was used as a proxy index where radiation records were unavailable. Results showed that sunshine duration (for 45 stations) show a significant decreasing trend from 1960 to 2012, which was a little different to global radiation (for 6 stations) during the brightening phase. Penman-Monteith model was used for estimating trends of reference evapotranspiration. The consistency of temporal and spatial variations in sunshine duration and reference evapotranspiration was examined during the periods 1960−1989 and 1990−2012. The results showed that the annual reference evapotranspiration trend was consistent with the sunshine duration trend (both were decreasing for 37 of the 45 stations) during 1960 to 1989, followed by an upward trend (for 26 of the 45 stations) from 1990, while the annual sunshine duration indicated a downward trend (for all 45 stations) during the whole period 1960−2012. Overall, global dimming could be the dominant factor for the decreased reference evapotranspiration from 1960 to 1989, while the increased reference evapotranspiration from 1990 to 2012 could be driven by other meteorological variables, especially global warming.
Regionalization of coaxial correlation diagrams for the semi-humid and semi-arid catchments in Northern China
Authors: Li Q. , Li Z. , Chen L. , Yao C.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This study aims to identify both hydrologically and physically similar catchments which would be the best donors for runoff prediction in ungauged catchments. For this study, eight gauged catchments located in the semi-humid and semi-arid regions of Northern China were used. Hydrological similarity was defined based on the transferability of coaxial correlation diagrams. The physical similarity among catchments was determined by a weighted Euclidean distance based on 19 catchment descriptors including catchment topography, land cover, and soil type. The overlap between hydrologically similar catchments and physically similar catchments was then analysed to identify the best donors. The results suggest that six catchments were hydrologically similar, of which four catchments were both hydrologically and physically similar. It is argued that once a reliable coaxial correlation diagram has been established, the coaxial correlation diagram can be transferred from one catchment to another for runoff prediction, provided that these catchments are physical similar.
Estimation of long-term nutrient loadings into a hyper eutrophic artificial lake in a lowland catchment, western Japan
Authors: Shimizu Y. , Onodera S.-I. , Jin G. , Saito M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Lake Kojima, an artificial lake located in the coastal area of western Japan, is categorized as a hyper eutrophic lake due to the nutrient inputs from the Sasagase River, Kurashiki River and Kamo River. The input nutrient loads from the rivers have never been assessed because there are no observation stations for runoff rate. The objective of this study is to confirm the total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) loads into Lake Kojima using the SWAT model for 60 years and considering changes in land use and the amount of domestic wastewater in the watersheds. Estimation results show that more than 90% of the total nutrient load comes from the Sasagase and Kurashiki rivers. The estimated T-N and T-P loads indicated two different trends in the rivers; an increasing trend is found during the period from 1950 to 1980, while a decreasing trend is found during the period from 1980 to 2009. It was suggested that the increasing trend was commonly caused by the combined effects of increase of the amount of domestic wastewater and agricultural wastewater in the watersheds, while the decreasing trend was caused by the expansion of domestic wastewater treatment and decrease of agricultural land use. The contribution ratio of domestic wastewater to the total amount of nutrient load was estimated to be 60% in Sasagase River and 15% in Kurashiki River because the treatment ratio of domestic wastewater in Kurashiki River was higher than in Sasagase River.
Study of an evaluation index system of well-off water conservancy in Yunnan Province
Authors: Chang C. , Wen Z. , Shu L. , Lu C. , Gu S. , Su J. , He M. , Xing K.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. To achieve good water conservancy under the well-off society before 2020, the future water conservancy planning is undergoing in Yunnan Province. In this study, by analysing the research results of domestic relevant water evaluation index systems and combining this with the water conservancy construction key of Yunnan Province, an unique evaluation index system was proposed to evaluate the well-off water conservancy level of Yunnan Province. It is composed of three levels which are the target layer, criterion layer and index layer. And the criterion layer includes six systems, namely flood control and drought relief mitigation, reasonable allocation of water resources, highly effective water utilization, water source protection and river health security, water management and securing of water development. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each index. According to the present situation of water development and the related water conservancy planning in Yunnan Province, the target value of each index and evaluation standards are put forward for Yunnan Province in 2020. The results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the actual condition of water development in Yunnan Province and can be used to examine the effects of well-off water conservancy planning.
Analysis of shallow-groundwater dynamic responses to water supply change in the Haihe River plain
Authors: Lin Z. , Lin W. , Pengfei L.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. When the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is completed, the water supply pattern of the Haihe River plain in North China will change significantly due to the replenishment of water sources and groundwater-exploitation control. The water-cycle-simulation model – MODCYCLE, has been used in simulating the groundwater dynamic balance for 2001–2010. Then different schemes of water supply in 2020 and 2030 were set up to quantitatively simulate the shallow-groundwater dynamic responses in the future. The results show that the total shallow-groundwater recharge is mainly raised by the increases in precipitation infiltration and surface-water irrigation infiltration. Meanwhile, the decrease of groundwater withdrawal contributes to reduce the total discharge. The recharge–discharge structure of local groundwater was still in a negative balance but improved gradually. The shallow-groundwater level in most parts was still falling before 2030, but more slowly. This study can benefit the rational exploitation of water resources in the Haihe River plain.
Regional drought assessment using a distributed hydrological model coupled with Standardized Runoff Index
Authors: Shen H. , Yuan F. , Ren L. , Ma M. , Kong H. , Tong R.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Drought assessment is essential for coping with frequent droughts nowadays. Owing to the large spatio-temporal variations in hydrometeorology in most regions in China, it is very necessary to use a physically-based hydrological model to produce rational spatial and temporal distributions of hydro-meteorological variables for drought assessment. In this study, the large-scale distributed hydrological model Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) was coupled with a modified standardized runoff index (SRI) for drought assessment in the Weihe River basin, northwest China. The result indicates that the coupled model is capable of reasonably reproducing the spatial distribution of drought occurrence. It reflected the spatial heterogeneity of regional drought and improved the physical mechanism of SRI. This model also has potential for drought forecasting, early warning and mitigation, given that accurate meteorological forcing data are available.
Studying snow cover in European Russia with the use of remote sensing methods
Authors: Telegina A. A.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Satellite data are used to study water balance in large river basins in the East European Plain. For this purpose, the accuracy of estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) based on microwave remote sensing data was evaluated through the comparison of these data with SWE measurements in open and forested areas. The errors of the SWE estimates, evaluated as their relative root-mean-square deviations from the measured values, are maximal in the Northern Dvina basin (53%); for the Oka and Don river basins, the errors are 35 and 33%, respectively. The main problems of remote sensing for northern river basins occur due to the thick canopy and the high snowpack, whose height exceeds the penetration depth. For the southern regions and midland river basins, a priority problem is due to the presence of liquid water in the snowpack during thaws.
Modified temperature index model for estimating the melt water discharge from debris-covered Lirung Glacier, Nepal
Authors: Parajuli A. , Chand M. B. , Kayastha R. B. , Shea J. M. , Mool P. K.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In the Nepalese Himalayas, the complex topography, occurrence of debris covered glaciers, and limited data availability creates substantial difficulties for modelling glacier melt. The proper recognition of melt processes governs the accurate estimation of melt water from glacier dominated systems, even in the presence of debris-covered glaciers. This paper presents a glacier melt model developed for the Lirung sub-basin of Langtang valley, which has both a clean glacier area, 5.86 km2, and a debris-covered glacier area, 1.13 km2. We use a temperature index approach to estimate sub-daily melt water discharge for a two week period at the end of monsoon, and the melt factor is varied according to the aspect and distributed to each grid processed from the digital elevation model. The model uses easily available data and simple extrapolation techniques capable of generating melt with limited data. The result obtained from this method provides accurate estimate with an R2 value of 0.89, bias of 0.9% and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.86, and suitable in Himalaya where data availability is major issue.
Ecological restoration and effect investigation of a river wetland in a semi-arid region, China
Authors: Xu S. , Jiang X. , Liu Y. , Fu Y. , Zhao Q.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. River wetlands are heavily impacted by human intervention. The degradation and loss of river wetlands has made the restoration of river ecosystems a top priority. How to rehabilitate rivers and their services has been a research focus. The main goal of it is to restore the river wetland ecosystems with ecological methods. The Gudong River was selected as a study site in Chaoyang city in this study. Based on the analysis of interference factors in the river wetland degradation, a set of restoration techniques were proposed and designed for regional water level control, including submerged dikes, ecological embankments, revegetation and dredging. The restoration engineering has produced good results in water quality, eco-environment, and landscape. Monthly reports of the Daling River show that the water quality of Gudong River was better than Grade III in April 2013 compared with Grade V in May 2012. The economic benefit after restoration construction is 1.71 million RMB per year, about 1.89 times that before. The ratio of economic value, social value and eco-environmental value is 1:4:23.
Hindcasting morphodynamic evolution with sand–mud interactions in the Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Jie H. , Leicheng G. , van der Wegen M. , Roelvink D.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Previous work on morphodynamic evolution in the Yangtze Estuary (YE) is based on measured historical bathymetries. To evaluate the sensitivity of sand–mud interaction in the estuarine morpho-dynamics, a process-based morphodynamic model, Delft3D, is used to examine the morphodynamic behaviour from 1958 to 1997. Different scenarios concerning sand and mud and their combination are designed systematically. The scenarios considering multiple fractions, and especially with four fractions, improve the hindcasting evolution, suggesting the importance of including both sand and mud fractions and a sediment gradient setting of medium grain.
Effect of land use on the seasonal variation of streamwater quality in the Wei River basin, China
Authors: Yu S. , Xu Z. , Wu W. , Zuo D.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The temporal effect of land use on streamwater quality needs to be addressed for a better understanding of the complex relationship between land use and streamwater quality. In this study, GIS and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine whether there were correlations of land-use types with streamwater quality at the sub-basin scale in the Wei River basin, China, during dry and rainy seasons in 2012. Temporal variation of these relations was observed, indicating that relationships between water quality variables and proportions of different land uses were weaker in the rainy season than that in the dry season. Comparing with other land uses, agriculture and urban lands had a stronger relationship with water quality variables in both the rainy and dry seasons. These results suggest that the aspect of temporal effects should be taken into account for better land-use management.
Estimating atmospheric visibility using synergy of MODIS data and ground-based observations
Authors: Komeilian H. , Mohyeddin Bateni S. , Xu T. , Nielson J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Dust events are intricate climatic processes, which can have adverse effects on human health, safety, and the environment. In this study, two data mining approaches, namely, back-propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) and supporting vector regression (SVR), were used to estimate atmospheric visibility through the synergistic use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 1B (L1B) data and ground-based observations at fourteen stations in the province of Khuzestan (southwestern Iran), during 2009–2010. Reflectance and brightness temperature in different bands (from MODIS) along with in situ meteorological data were input to the models to estimate atmospheric visibility. The results show that both models can accurately estimate atmospheric visibility. The visibility estimates from the BP ANN network had a root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) of 0.67 and 0.69, respectively. The corresponding RMSE and R from the SVR model were 0.59 and 0.71, implying that the SVR approach outperforms the BP ANN.
Stochastic analysis of the hydraulic conductivity estimated for a heterogeneous aquifer via numerical modelling
Authors: Lu C. , Zhang Y. , Shu L. , Chen X. , Chen S. , Li S. , Wang G. , Li J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The paper aims to evaluate the impacts of the average hydraulic conductivity of the heterogeneous aquifer on the estimated hydraulic conductivity using the observations from pumping tests. The results of aquifer tests conducted at a karst aquifer are first introduced. A MODFLOW groundwater flow model was developed to perform numerical pumping tests, and the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity (K) field was generated using the Monte Carlo method. The K was estimated by the Theis solution for an unconfined aquifer. The effective hydraulic conductivity (Ke) was calculated to represent the hydraulic conductivity of a heterogeneous aquifer. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that Ke increase with the mean of hydraulic conductivity (EK), and decrease with the coefficient of variation of the hydraulic conductivity (Cv). The impact of spatial variability of K on the estimated Ke at two observation wells with smaller EK is less significant compared to the cases with larger EK.
Application of ZY-3 remote sensing image in the research of Huashan experimental watershed
Authors: Guo K. , Wang J. , Wang Y.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Spatial information of Huashan experimental watershed, such as a DEM and land-use types, is extracted from ZY-3 images and studied for digital watershed construction and hydrological simulation. A high-accuracy DEM is extracted from the ZY-3 stereoscopic image. Water body information is extracted from high-accuracy fused images by the method of supervised classification with object-oriented techniques. Land-use types are extracted by the decision tree classification method based on mono-temporal fused image and multiple-temporal multispectral images. The construction of the classification decision tree of the mono-temporal images is based on a multivariate statistical analysis method and the construction of classification decision tree of the multiple-temporal images is based on the CART algorithm. The land-use information which meets the accuracy needs is synthesized into a final land-use map. The accuracy of the final land-use map was evaluated; the overall classification accuracy was 92.04% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.9030.
Comparison of multiple models for estimating gross primary production using remote sensing data and fluxnet observations
Authors: Wang S. , Mo X.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In this study, gross primary production (GPP) estimated from a temperature and greenness (TG) model, a greenness and radiation (GR) model, a vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM), and a MODIS product have been compared with eddy covariance measurements in cropland during 2003–2005. Results showed that the determination coefficients (R2) between fluxnet GPP and estimated GPP were all greater than 0.74, indicating that all these models offered reliable estimates of GPP. We also found that the VPM-based GPP estimates performed a bit better (R2 is 0.82, and RMSE is 16.75 gC m−2 (8 day)−1) than other models, mainly due to its comprehensive consideration of the stresses from light, temperature and water. The actual GPP was overestimated in the non-growing season and underestimated in the growing season by MOD_GPP. The validation confirms that the above three models may be used to estimate crop production in the North China Plain, but there are still significant uncertainties.
Correction of albedo measurements due to unknown geometry
Authors: Weiser U. , Olefs M. , Schöner W. , Weyss G. , Hynek B.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The diurnal albedo variation of glaciers on clear sky days can be relatively high due to geometric effects induced by tilt errors. In the present paper, these tilt errors of albedo measurements are corrected in cases where tilts of both, the sensors and the slopes are not accurately measured. For this method of correction, a nearby reference measurement with a horizontally levelled sensor is needed to determine atmospheric parameters. Based on that a model is developed that is fitted to the measured data to determine tilts and directions of sensors and slopes, which vary daily due to changing atmospheric conditions and snow cover. Once these parameters are determined, the albedo, the radiative balance and the energy balance can be corrected. The differences between measured and corrected values show an obvious under- or overestimation of albedo, depending on the direction of the slope. It is also demonstrated that the difference between measured and corrected albedo is highest for high solar zenith angles.
Satellite observations of changes in snow-covered land surface albedo during spring in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Atlaskina K. , Berninger F. , de Leeuw G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Thirteen years of MODIS surface albedo data for the Northern Hemisphere during the spring months (March–May) were analysed to determine temporal and spatial changes over snow-covered land surfaces. Tendencies in land surface albedo change north of 50° N were analysed using data on snow cover fraction, air temperature, vegetation index and precipitation. To this end, the study domain was divided into six smaller areas, based on their geographical position and climate similarity. Strong differences were observed between these areas. As expected, snow cover fraction (SCF) has a strong influence on the albedo in the study area and can explain 56% of variation of albedo in March, 76% in April and 92% in May. Therefore the effects of other parameters were investigated only for areas with 100% SCF. The second largest driver for snow-covered land surface albedo changes is the air temperature when it exceeds −15 °C. At monthly mean air temperatures below this value no albedo changes are observed. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and precipitation amount and frequency were independently examined as possible candidates to explain observed changes in albedo for areas with 100% SCF. Amount and frequency of precipitation were identified to influence the albedo over some areas in Eurasia and North America, but no clear effects were observed in other areas. EVI is positively correlated with albedo in Chukotka Peninsula and negatively in Eastern Siberia. For other regions the spatial variability of the correlation fields is too high to reach any conclusions.
Biblioteca pública y acceso a la información: retos para la sociedad de la información en Brasil y España
Authors: Bernardino Maria Cleide Rodrigues , Cuevas-Cerveró Aurora , Suaiden Emir José
Published: May 2015

Objetivo. Presenta una discusión teórica sobre la concepción de la biblioteca como una institución democrática que se relaciona directamente con el derecho a la información, la cual garantiza el acceso al conocimiento, la cultura, la educación y el ocio de acuerdo con sus funciones y al Manifiesto de la UNESCO. Método. Este es un estudio exploratorio con análisis cualitativo, cuantitativo y metodo dialéctico. Fue realizado en bibliotecas públicas de Brasil y España, observando los aspectos de la interactividad y conectividad, como supuestos necesarios para la sociedad de la información. Resultados. El fundamento teórico se basa en estudios de Suaiden (2012); Felicia Soto (2006); Jaramillo, et al (2008 los cuales introducen cuestiones sobre la misión de la biblioteca pública y los retos para la sociedad de la información; además Cuevas-Cerveró (2009) y Cuevas-Cerveró y Simeão (2011), quien señalan la participación de la biblioteca pública como lugar de formación para el aprendizaje informacional. Conclusiones. La sociedad de la información requiere el libre acceso a la información a todos aquellos que lo necesitan en cualquier soporte o formato, incluyendo el electrónico. Sin embargo, aun tenemos desigualdades sociales responsables de la brecha digital.
Comportamento informacional versus comunicação: aplicação de modelos em contextos multidisciplinares
Authors: Silva Cecília Morena Maria da , Moreira Jonathan Rosa , Silva Juliana Rocha de Faria
Published: May 2015

Este artigo trata do comportamento informacional como subsídio para o desenho de modelos de comunicação nas áreas de Ciência da Informação, Biblioteconomia e Música. A proposição de modelos de comunicação está fundamentada nos modelos de Tubbs e Moss (2003), Garvey e Griffith (1972), adaptado por Hurd (1996), e Wilson (1999). Para tanto, levantaram-se as questões: (i) quais são as competências informacionais requeridas dos bibliotecários que atuam como mediadores nos processos de comunicação científica e comportamento informacional do usuário, no contexto educacional?; (ii) quais as necessidades dos pesquisadores da área de música e como produzem, buscam, utilizam e acessam o conhecimento científico de sua área?; e (iii) como os contextos envolvidos nos processos de colaboração científica influenciam na produção científica da área de Ciência da Informação no Brasil? O artigo faz uma revisão de literatura a respeito do comportamento informacional e de sua inserção na comunicação científica considerando a influência do contexto e/ou situação dos objetos envolvidos nas questões motivadoras. A hipótese é que o comportamento informacional do usuário em diferentes contextos e situações influenciam na definição de um modelo de comunicação científica. Ao final, conclui-se que um mesmo conceito, ou um conjunto de conceitos pode ser utilizado sob diferentes perspectivas, alcançando-se, deste modo, diferentes resultados.
A Engenharia do Conhecimento e a Ciência da Informação
Authors: Boeres Sonia Araujo de Assis , Costa Reginaldo da Silveira , Silva Juliana Rocha de Faria , Baptista Dulce Maria
Published: May 2015

O trabalho tem por objetivo discutir o aporte que a Engenharia do conhecimento pode fornecer à Ciência da Informação, notadamente na organização da informação. Para isso, discorremos sobre as mudanças que aconteceram na Engenharia do conhecimento com o advento da web - mais especificamente da web social – na qual a organização da informação passou a ser coletiva, fenômeno conhecido como folksonomia, recorrendo a literatura nacional e internacional sobre o assunto. O problema central do texto é a discussão sobre as contribuições da engenharia do conhecimento para aquela ciência. De maneira geral, essa discussão revela a preocupação de que os teóricos da Ciência da Informação não estejam se dedicando à delimitação de uso e pesquisa das ontologias de maneira a criar um consenso sobre o que a área entende por isto. Para estabelecer esta proposição, debatemos teoricamente os conceitos de informação e conhecimento, bem como as diferenças entre as diversas linguagens documentárias. Como conclusão, indicamos ser a engenharia do conhecimento forte campo de pesquisa para reforço da prática do ciclo da informação que deve ser apropriada pela Ciência da Informação assim como foi com a classificação e os tesauros.
Bufalin Induces Apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 Cell Through Activation of JNK/p53 Pathway
Authors: Jian-Yang Hu  , Min-Feng Chen  , Xue-Ping Lei  , Zhen-Jian Zhuo  , Hai-Yan Sun  , Zhe-Sheng Chen  , Zhi Shi  , Dong-Mei Zhang  , Wen-Cai Ye
Published: May 2015

Cinobufacini has been widely used at oncology clinics in China to treat many kinds of cancers and bufalin is one active compound of it, but the anti-cancer effect and the underlying mechanisms of bufalin on breast cancer cells are still unclear. Our study demonstrated that bufalin could effectively decrease the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 152.2 ± 8.0 nM for 24 h and 22.4 ± 2.3 nM for 48 h, respectively. Further study showed that bufalin could trigger MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo apoptosis with up-regulating protein expression of p-JNK/JNK, p53, p-ERK/ERK, Puma and down-regulating protein expression of Bcl-2, supporting the possible application of bufalin to breast cancer treatment.
Tea and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Xingcai Zhang
Published: May 2015

Cancer remains one of the biggest challengesin the 21st century, therefore anti-cancer drugs and their delivery systems are under developing for better treatment. Tea is the amazing gift nature offered to us with great health benefits. Tea polyphenols especially EGCG and Theoflavins have widely been studied and expected to be a very promising nature polyphenol for the prevention of cancer, cardiology disease, aging, weight control etc. Here“Dr. Tea summarized the past studies about tea and cancer prevention, through the chemical composition, structure, epidemiologic study and mechanism analysis. And based on the epidemiologic study results, a layer-by-layer multi-functional drug delivery system and synergy studies based on our past scientific working experience had been proposed for future tea and cancer research. A Healthy, Harmony, Pure & Nature tea-style of living is proposed for all human-beings towards a better living self and a better society.
A Prospective Study on the Application of Endometrial Cytology Examination in the Screening of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zheng Fang  , Du Lianfang  , Xie Cuiqi  , Shao Shaowei  , Luo Qiaoming  , Li Qiyan  , Ma Ling
Published: May 2015

Background: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecology malignancies. But there is still lack of an accurate, reliable, convenient, easy, economical and practical method for early detection of endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the specimen quality and diagnostic accuracy of endometrial cytology examination in the screening of endometrial cancer. Methods: 95 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding or vaginal ultrasound examination results indicating intrauterine abnormalities and needing endometrial examination were investigated, and specimens were collected using endometrial sampling device for cytology (ESDC) and sliced using thinprep cytology test (TCT), meanwhile, hysteroscopy auxiliary diagnostic curettage and histopathological examination were performed. Results: The satisfaction rate was 100% for the specimens collected using ESDC and 97.9% for those using diagnostic curettage. The difference in the satisfaction rate of collecting specimens was statistically significant between the two methods, and the satisfaction rate of collecting specimen using endometrial cytology was superior to that using diagnostic curettage. Taking diagnostic curettage histopathologic results as "gold standard", the sensitivity of endometrial cytology was 63.6%, specificity 93.6%, positive predictive value 70% and negative predictive value 95.2% in the screening of endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Endometrial cytology can be used as a reliable, safe and simple method in the screening of endometrial cancer.
Introduction
Authors: Vaitkevičienė Daiva
Published: May 2015

The fourth issue of the journal Incantatio continues publication of the research articles based on the presentations at the Charms Symposium of the 16th Congress of the ISFNR (in Vilnius, June 25–30, 2013), supplementing them with other research articles.
The Oral and Written Traditions of Latvian Charms
Authors: Lielbârdis Aigars
Published: May 2015

This article is about the oral and written traditions of Latvian charms, analysing them in a historical and cultural context. The article examines healing charms mainly and contextualizes them by reference to similar texts from the European charm tradition. The division into oral and written traditions is based on the assumption of their functioning, dissemination and transmission through different generations, space and time. Schematically, the depiction of the influence on Latvian folklore and cultural history relating to the spread and functioning of Latvian charms and folk medicine traditions, can be divided into three clusters: 1) the pre-Christian, 2) the Early Christianity and 3) a cluster of Lutheran and Herrnhut charms. The first two clusters are associated mainly with the oral charm tradition, while the third, with written tradition.
Charms sessions at the International Medieval Congress
Authors: Tsonkova Svetlana
Published: May 2015

Charms Sessions at the International Medieval Congress (July 7-10, 2014, Leeds, United Kingdom)(Svetlana Tsonkova), pp. 145-148
Charmers and Charming in Gervëèiai Lithuanian Community in Belarus
Authors: Vaitkevičienė Daiva
Published: May 2015

The article focuses on the social functioning of verbal charms within a community. The subject of analysis is a small Lithuanian-speaking community living in the vicinity of Gervëèiai, Belarus, near the Lithuanian border. The survey covers synchronic and diachronic perspectives. The diachronic analysis is based on materials from fieldwork carried out in the vicinity of Gervëèiai in 1970, and stored in the Lithuanian Folklore Archives. Between 2010 and 2012 the author conducted fieldwork within Gervëèiai community. The article analyses the number and density of charmers within the area, and the social and demographic peculiarities of charming. Special attention is paid to circumstances of charm transmission and family connections that can often be observed between the charmer and his/her successor. In addition, the sacral aspects of charming are considered in the article: charming is viewed by charmers as a peculiar religious practice that has not been authorised by the church.
Plica Polonica in Belarusian Beliefs and Incantations
Authors: Valodzina Tatsiana
Published: May 2015

Apparently, there is no disease that attracts so much attention from researchers (both medical doctors and ethnographers) as kautun (Plica Polonica, the Polish plait). However, to this day there is no generally accepted solution regarding the etiology and history of the disease, which manifests itself in entangled hair and is accompanied by rheumatic pains, sores, rash, crooked nails, blurred vision, as well as attacks of nerves, spasms and increased heart rate. This article will feature Belarusian materials that represent the eastern extent of the area of beliefs related to Plica Polonica. The article is based on the folklore and ethnographic data collected by the author over the past 20 years, and aims to analyse the ontology of the disease named kautun, its involvement in human communication both with the body and with non-human beings. The article also provides comments on the historical evolution of beliefs and magical practices associated with the Plica.
Efficient methods for macroscopic magnetization simulation described by the assembly of simplified domain structure models
Authors: Matsuo T. , Nakamura T. , Ito S. , Mifune T. , Kaido C.
Published: May 2015

This article presents two methods for the fast computation of macroscopic magnetization model called assembled domain structure model. First, an efficient method for computing the demagnetizing field is proposed. Secondly, a direct searching method of equilibrium point is developed, which greatly reduces the computation time.
Expanding the Prion Paradigm to Include Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases
Authors: Condello Carlo , Westaway David , Prusiner Stanley B.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint describes the evidence for iatrogenic disease based on amyloid-β prions and the possibility that Alzheimer disease has an iatrogenic form wherein amyloid β and tau behave as prions that transmit the disease.
Pediatric Inpatient Psychiatric Capacity in the US, 2017 to 2020
Authors: Cushing Anna M. , Nash Katherine A. , Foster Ashley A. , Zima Bonnie T. , West Amy E. , Michelson Kenneth A. , Hoffmann Jennifer A.
Published: August 2024

This cross-sectional study assesses US pediatric inpatient psychiatric capacity and identifies state-level variation in access to pediatric inpatient psychiatric beds.
The miR‐26a/SIRT6/HIF‐1α axis regulates glycolysis and inflammatory responses in host macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Mal Soumya , Majumder Debayan , Birari Pankaj , Sharma Arun Kumar , Gupta Umesh , Jana Kuladip , Kundu Manikuntala , Basu Joyoti
Published: August 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Here, a macrophage infection model was used to unravel the role of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in Mtb‐triggered regulation of the innate immune response. Mtb infection downregulated microRNA‐26a and upregulated its target SIRT6. SIRT6 suppressed glycolysis and expression of HIF‐1α‐dependent glycolytic genes during infection. In addition, SIRT6 regulated the levels of intracellular succinate which controls stabilization of HIF‐1α, as well as the release of interleukin (IL)‐1β. Furthermore, SIRT6 inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory IL‐6 but augmented anti‐inflammatory arginase expression. The miR‐26a/SIRT6/HIF‐1α axis therefore regulates glycolysis and macrophage immune responses during Mtb infection. Our findings link SIRT6 to rewiring of macrophage signaling pathways facilitating dampening of the antibacterial immune response.
Predicting lymph node recurrence in cT1‐2N0 tongue squamous cell carcinoma: collaboration between artificial intelligence and pathologists
Authors: Adachi Masahiro , Taki Tetsuro , Kojima Motohiro , Sakamoto Naoya , Matsuura Kazuto , Hayashi Ryuichi , Tabuchi Keiji , Ishikawa Shumpei , Ishii Genichiro , Sakashita Shingo
Published: August 2024

Researchers have attempted to identify the factors involved in lymph node recurrence in cT1‐2N0 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, studies combining histopathological and clinicopathological information in prediction models are limited. We aimed to develop a highly accurate lymph node recurrence prediction model for clinical stage T1‐2, N0 (cT1‐2N0) tongue SCC by integrating histopathological artificial intelligence (AI) with clinicopathological information. A dataset from 148 patients with cT1‐2N0 tongue SCC was divided into training and test sets. The prediction models were constructed using AI‐extracted information from whole slide images (WSIs), human‐assessed clinicopathological information, and both combined. Weakly supervised learning and machine learning algorithms were used for WSIs and clinicopathological information, respectively. The combination model utilised both algorithms. Highly predictive patches from the model were analysed for histopathological features. In the test set, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the model using WSI, clinicopathological information, and both combined were 0.826, 0.835, and 0.991, respectively. The highest area under the ROC curve was achieved with the model combining WSI and clinicopathological factors. Histopathological feature analysis showed that highly predicted patches extracted from recurrence cases exhibited significantly more tumour cells, inflammatory cells, and muscle content compared with non‐recurrence cases. Moreover, patches with mixed inflammatory cells, tumour cells, and muscle were significantly more prevalent in recurrence versus non‐recurrence cases. The model integrating AI‐extracted histopathological and human‐assessed clinicopathological information demonstrated high accuracy in predicting lymph node recurrence in patients with cT1‐2N0 tongue SCC.
Hydrophilic Polymer Foam as a Monolithic Interfacial Solar Evaporator With Rapid Self‐Cleaning, High Evaporation Efficiency, and Salt Resistance
Authors: Wu Mingrui , Wei Yen , Zhu Yongqi , Bai Yuefeng , Wang Yuting , Wang Xiumei , Ho Shih‐Hsin , Wang Wei , Li Ruoxin
Published: August 2024

Manufacturing a multilayer evaporator with a delicate structure and removing salt accumulation during prolonged operation are challenges in seawater desalination. A flexible single‐layer salt‐rejecting monolithic porous evaporator (SRMPE) is presented that floats on the near surface of seawater without any support structure. The hydrophilic component of this network polymer modulates the water association state in SRMPE, achieving a high evaporation rate of 3.47 kg m−2 h−1 and an efficiency of 94.3%. With a large capillary water flux (14.4 L m−2 h−1), the SRMPE exhibits superior and rapid self‐cleaning by removing sodium chloride (NaCl) powder (33% by weight) within 1.25 h in simulated seawater (salinity, 3.5%) under 1 sun radiation. Furthermore, even after continuous irradiation for 12 h in highly concentrated brine (25% salinity), no salt crystallizes on the evaporator surface. It may stimulate creative work by scientists and engineers in the design of simple, highly efficient salt‐rejecting, self‐cleaning interfacial solar evaporators.