bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetra-O-methyl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits energy metabolism and synergistically induces anticancer effects with temozolomide on LN229 glioblastoma tumors implanted in mice while preventing obesity in normal mice that consume high-fat diets
Authors: Kimura Kotohiko , Chun Jong Ho , Lin Yu-Ling , Liang Yu-Chuan , Jackson Tiffany L. B. , Huang Ru Chih C.
Published: May 2023

Tetra-O-methyl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid (terameprocol; M4N), a global transcription inhibitor, in combination with a second anticancer drug induces strong tumoricidal activity and has the ability to suppress energy metabolism in cultured cancer cells. In this study, we showed that after continuous oral consumption of high-fat (HF) diets containing M4N, the M4N concentration in most of the organs in mice reached ~1 μM (the M4N concentration in intestines and fat pads was as high as 20–40 μM) and treatment with the combination of M4N with temozolomide (TMZ) suppressed glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in LN229 human glioblastoma implanted in xenograft mice. Combination treatment of M4N with TMZ also reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a key enzyme for glycolysis; lactate, a product of LDHA-mediated enzymatic activity; nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, a rate-limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide plus hydrogen (NADH)/NAD+ salvage pathway; and NAD+, a redox electron carrier essential for energy metabolism. It was also shown that M4N suppressed oxygen consumption in cultured LN229 cells, indicating that M4N inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment with M4N and TMZ also decreased the level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1A, a major regulator of LDHA, under hypoxic conditions. The ability of M4N to suppress energy metabolism resulted in induction of the stress-related proteins activating transcription factor 4 and cation transport regulator-like protein 1, and an increase in reactive oxygen species production. In addition, the combination treatment of M4N with TMZ reduced the levels of oncometabolites such as 2-hydroxyglutarate as well as the aforementioned lactate. M4N also induced methylidenesuccinic acid (itaconate), a macrophage-specific metabolite with anti-inflammatory activity, in tumor microenvironments. Meanwhile, the ability of M4N to suppress energy metabolism prevented obesity in mice consuming HF diets, indicating that M4N has beneficial effects on normal tissues. The dual ability of combination treatment with M4N to suppress both energy metabolism and oncometabolites shows that it is potentially an effective therapy for cancer.
Computer-based intervention for residents of domestic violence shelters with substance use: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Hailemariam Maji , Johnson Jennifer E. , Johnson Dawn M. , Sikorskii Alla , Zlotnick Caron
Published: May 2023

Background

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem often associated with serious mental health and physical health implications. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the most common comorbidities among women with IPV, increasing risk of subsequent IPV.

Methods

The current study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a brief computerized intervention to reduce alcohol and drug use among women with IPV. Fifty women with recent IPV and alcohol and drug use risk were recruited from domestic violence shelters and randomized to the experimental computerized intervention or to an attention and time control condition. The primary outcome was percent heavy drinking or drug using days in 3 month increments over the 6 months after leaving the shelter. Receipt of substance use services and IPV severity were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results

The computerized intervention was feasible and acceptable, with high (n = 20, 80%) completion rates, engagement with the intervention, and satisfaction scores. As expected in this pilot trial, there were no significant differences between conditions in percent heavy drinking/drug using days or receipt of substance use services and large individual differences in outcomes. For example, receipt of substance use services decreased by a mean of 0.05 times/day from the baseline to the 6-month time period in the control condition (range -1.00 to +0.55) and increased by a mean of 0.06 times/day in the intervention condition (range -0.13 to +0.89). There were large decreases in IPV severity over time in both conditions, but directions of differences favored the control condition for IPV severity.

Conclusion

A computerized intervention to reduce the risk of alcohol/drug use and subsequent IPV is feasible and acceptable among residents of a domestic violence shelter. A fully powered trial is needed to conclusively evaluate outcomes.
Factors associated with the outcomes of a novel virtual reality therapy for military veterans with PTSD: Theory development using a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Hannigan Ben , van Deursen Robert , Barawi Kali , Kitchiner Neil , Bisson Jonathan I.
Published: May 2023

Background

Multi-modular motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation therapy (3MDR) is a new psychological intervention for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 3MDR is immersive, delivered in a virtual reality environment, and emphasises engagement, recollection and reprocessing.

Objective

Through a theory-driven examination of data relating to 10 out of 42 UK military veterans taking part in a trial of 3MDR, the principal objective was to explore the complex interrelationships between people, interventions and context and to investigate how factors within these domains interacted in specific outcome typologies.

Method

Quantitative and qualitative data relating to 10 trial participants were derived from: researcher-assessed and self-report clinical measures; interviews; physiological recordings; words describing thoughts and feelings during therapy; and subjective unit of distress scores. Using a convergent mixed methods approach, data were tabulated using a person, intervention and context model. Participant summaries were grouped into outcome typologies, followed by an analysis of data convergence and divergence within each and an interpretation of identified patterns.

Results

Three outcome response typologies were identified: dramatic improvement, moderate improvement and minimal improvement. Within the person domain, factors associated with outcomes included walking capacity, commitment and ability to complete therapy, and levels of subjective distress. Within the intervention domain, factors associated with outcomes related to image selection and use, therapeutic alliance and orientations towards the tailoring of sessions. Within the context domain, factors associated with outcomes included reactions to the therapy environment. The patterning of secondary outcomes broadly corresponded with primary outcomes within each typology. Alongside patterned data differentiating aspects of the person, intervention and context domains, within the three response typologies data also existed where no obvious patterning was detected.

Conclusions

The model developed here may have novel value in evaluating a range of personalised interventions, but further work is needed before confident assertions can be made of who is likely to benefit from 3MDR specifically.
Psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the psychological capital scale in Ecuadorian university students
Authors: López-Guerra Víctor , Ocampo-Vásquez Karina , Quinde Lucía , Guevara-Mora Sandra , Guerrero-Alcedo Jesus
Published: May 2023

Background

Psychological capital (PsyCap) as a higher-order positive psychological resources (that include hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism, or the HERO within). This construct was widely described and evaluated in the workplace; however, there is little research in other contexts, such as education, due to the lack of validated and adapted instruments in Latin America. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the psychological capital scale in a large sample of Ecuadorian university students.

Methods

A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 1732 university students (mean age 20 years, SD = 2,29; 55% female) from the city of Loja—Ecuador were surveyed online using a cross-sectional design.

Results

The respecified second-order 4-factor model showed the best fit to the data (CMIN/DF = 7.99, CFI = .977, TLI = .970 NFI = .974, IFI = .980, AIC = 443.833, RMSEA = .064 [058, .070]), and such model remained invariant across sex, age and public and private institutions. The internal consistency was adequate, with Alpha and Omega coefficients for the total scale (α = .941, ω = .942) and its four factors: self-efficacy (α = .869, ω = .872), hope (α = .888, ω = .889), resilience (α = .774, ω = .785), and optimism (α = .840, ω = .840). Finally, the PsyCap and its dimensions correlated with academic engagement and satisfaction.

Conclusions

The psychological capital showed adequate psychometric properties in university students, and its use in this context is supported.
What goes around comes around: Shedding light on today’s doctoral student’s research socialization and who will be the future faculty
Authors: Khalid Sabika , Orynbek Gulnar , Lianyu Cai , Tadesse Endale
Published: May 2023

Higher education around the globe is striving to develop rigor and productive doctoral studies that mainly evolve in fostering doctoral students’ research skills by furnishing the necessary socialization process which predicts their future professional and academic decisions. Although scholars investigated the socialization experiences of doctoral students from different perspectives and stages, a large body of evidence is concentrated in western countries that do not define or imply non-western countries like Pakistan. Therefore, the present qualitative study sought to be an icebreaker and stimulant investigation to unfold doctoral students’ socialization experience in research-intensive universities through the lens of Weidman’s socialization framework. After interviewing 24 doctoral students, the findings revealed that doctoral students have high expectations from research universities to enhance their research capabilities. Moreover, most students knew the research’s significance for personal and professional development. The study concluded the progressive and adverse research socialization experiences of doctoral students.
Liver fibrosis-derived exosomal miR-106a-5p facilitates the malignancy by targeting SAMD12 and CADM2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hu Juan , Xie Cong , Xu Shangcheng , Pu Qinli , Liu Han , Yang Liping , Wang Wei , Mao Longchun , Li Zhiqiang , Chen Weixian
Published: May 2023

The mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development induced by liver fibrosis is obscure. The objective of this study is to establish miRNAs from exosomes associated with liver fibrosis, and to identify potential biomarkers for the prediction of personalized clinical management effectiveness in HCC. Our research focused on miRNAs from exosomes and mRNA from liver fibrosis, which we found in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) evaluated miRNAs from exosomes associated with liver fibrosis, and Wilcoxon analysis assessed differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) across liver fibrosis/normal tissues. Following that, DEGs were assessed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In addition, based on the screened targeted genes, including SAMD12 and CADM2, we further elucidated their correlation in HCC patients from the BEST database. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter platform was applied to evaluate the prognostic values of miRNA in HCC. In vitro and vivo experiments validated our findings. Six miRNAs associated with liver fibrosis were evaluated in our investigation. In-depth research presented exosome-derived miR-106a-5p, SAMD12 and CADM2 could exert valuable predictive implications for HCC treatment and illness assessment. Serum miR-106a-5p derived from liver fibrosis was decreased compared with healthy individuals. SAMD12 and CADM2 were diminished in liver cancer cell lines, and their knockdown of them exacerbated the proliferation capacities of liver cells in vitro. Exosome-derived miRNA of liver fibrosis modulated tumorigenesis by targeting SAMD12 and CADM2 in HCC.
Burnout among neurologists caring for patients with cognitive disorders in Spain
Authors: Fortea Juan , García-Arcelay Elena , Garcia-Ribas Guillermo , Canal Neus , Maurino Jorge
Published: May 2023

Background

Physician burnout has a negative impact on both physicians and patients. Limited information is available on professional burnout of neurologists. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of burnout among neurologists caring for patients with cognitive disorders and to identify associated factors.

Methods

An online, cross-sectional study was conducted in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Neurology. Neurologists involved in the care of patients with cognitive disorders answered a survey composed of demographic characteristics, professional background, clinical practice setting, and behavioral factors. Burnout was assessed using a single-item measure from the Physician Work Life Study. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between neurologists’ characteristics and burnout.

Results

A total of 188 neurologists answered the survey. The mean age (standard deviation-SD) was 40.6 (11.3) years and 52.7% were male. The majority of participants were general neurologists (60.6%) who attending a median of 20 patients with cognitive disorders (interquartile range 10.0–30.0) weekly. Thirty-nine participants (20.7%) reported burnout. Participants with burnout had greater experiences of regret associated with past clinical decisions than their counterparts (mean Regret Intensity Scale scores of 2.3 and 1.9, respectively; p = 0.003). Burnout was associated with non-academic practice (OR = 3.02 [95% CI 1.18, 7.73], p = 0.021) and care-related regret (OR = 2.53 [95% CI 1.13, 5.64], p = 0.023) in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for confounders.

Conclusions

Professional burnout was a common phenomenon among neurologists managing cognitive disorders. Identifying physician burnout and its associated factors may be critical for implementing preventive intervention strategies.
Polyphenol supplementation and executive functioning in overweight and obese adults at risk of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farag Sara , Tsang Catherine , Murphy Philip N.
Published: May 2023

Background and objectives

Increasing evidence indicates a link between obesity and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there is limited literature regarding the effect of polyphenols, a plant derived compounds, on executive functioning in an overweight/obese population at-risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is to examine the effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions in overweight and/or obese populations at risk of cognitive impairment.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to March 2023 using four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane trials library. Published primary research studies in English that compared the effect of polyphenols with placebo on executive function in overweight/obese adults were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. Jadad scale was used for the methodological quality rating of the included studies. Hedgesgwith 95% confidence intervals (CI) for endpoints were calculated using random effect model where applicable. Rosenthal’s Fail-safe N, funnel plots, the Begg and Mazumdar’s rank correlation test (Kendall’s S statistic P-Q), Egger’s linear regression test, and Duval and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill test were identified for potential use as appropriate, to examine publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the results.

Results and conclusion

A total of 23 RCT studies involvingN= 1,976 participants were included in the review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect for polyphenol supplementation on executive function (g= 0.076, CI = -0.018 to 0.170). Observations from primary studies within the meta-analysis showed a potential positive effect of polyphenol supplementation in a younger population at-risk of cognitive impairment and it is recommended to investigate this further in future studies. Moreover, the variability of the tasks used to examine executive functions as well as the adequate reporting of supplement’s phenolic composition is a limitation that future work should also consider.
Trends and correlates of low HIV knowledge among ever-married women of reproductive age: Evidence from cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 1996–2014
Authors: Tariqujjaman Md. , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Kafi Mohammad Abdullah Heel , Hossain Md. Alamgir , Khan Saad A. , Sultana Nadia , Azad Rashidul , Hossain Md. Arif , Rahman Mahfuzur , Hossain Mohammad Bellal
Published: May 2023

Background

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden has frequently been changing over time due to epidemiological and demographic transitions. To safeguard people, particularly women of reproductive age, who can be exposed to transmitting this burden to the next generation, knowledge regarding this life-threatening virus needs to be increased. This research intends to identify the trends and associated correlates of “low” HIV knowledge among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2014.

Methods

We analyzed data derived from six surveys of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1996, 1999, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Analyses were primarily restricted to ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had ever heard of HIV. The correlates of “low” HIV knowledge were investigated using multiple binary logistic regression models.

Results

The study found that the proportion of women with “low” HIV knowledge decreased from 72% in 1996 to 58% in 2014. In adjusted models, age at first marriage, level of education, wealth quintile, and place of residence (except in the survey year 2011) were found to be potential correlates of “low” HIV knowledge in all survey years. In the pooled analysis, we found lower odds of “low” HIV knowledge in the survey years 1999 (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.78), 2004 (AOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.70), 2007 (AOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.60), 2011 (AOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.42) and 2014 (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.54) compared to the survey year 1996.

Conclusion

The proportion of “low” HIV knowledge has declined over time, although the proportion of women with “low” HIV knowledge still remains high. The prevention of early marriage, the inclusion of HIV-related topics in the curricula, reduction of disparities between urban-rural and the poorest-richest groups may help to improve the level of HIV knowledge among ever-married Bangladeshi women.
Relationship of OCT-defined plaque characteristics with CCTA-derived coronary inflammation and CMR-derived global coronary flow reserve in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Hoshino Masahiro , Hada Masahiro , Misawa Toru , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Teng Yun , Nogami Kai , Ueno Hiroki , Matsuda Kazuki , Sayama Kodai , Usui Eisuke , Murai Tadashi , Lee Tetsumin , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: May 2023

Background

The relationship of layered plaque detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) with coronary inflammation and coronary flow reserve (CFR) remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the association of OCT-defined layered plaque with pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) inflammation assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and global (G)-CFR assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 88 patients with first ACS who underwent preprocedural CCTA, OCT imaging of the culprit lesion prior to primary/urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and postprocedural CMR. All patients were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of OCT-defined layered plaque at the culprit lesion. Coronary inflammation was assessed by the mean value of PCAT attenuation (−190 to −30 HU) of the three major coronary vessels. G-CFR was obtained by quantifying absolute coronary sinus flow at rest and during maximum hyperemia. CCTA and CMR findings were compared between the groups.

Results

In a total of 88 patients, layered plaque was detected in 51 patients (58.0%). The patients with layered plaque had higher three-vessel-PCAT attenuation value (-68.58 ± 6.41 vs. -71.60 ± 5.21 HU, P = 0.021) and culprit vessel-PCAT attenuation value (-67.69 ± 7.76 vs. -72.07 ± 6.57 HU, P = 0.007) than those with non-layered plaque. The patients with layered plaque had lower G-CFR value (median, 2.26 [interquartile range, 1.78, 2.89] vs. 3.06 [2.41, 3.90], P = 0.003) than those with non-layered plaque.

Conclusions

The presence of OCT-defined layered plaque at the culprit lesion was associated with high PCAT attenuation and low G-CFR after primary/urgent PCI in patients with ACS. OCT assessment of culprit plaque morphology and detection of layered plaque may help identify increased pericoronary inflammation and impaired CFR, potentially providing the risk stratification in patients with ACS and residual microvascular dysfunction after PCI.
Socio-ecological predictors of dietary inflammatory scores and associations with childhood and adolescent adiposity: A protocol for a rapid scoping review of observational studies
Authors: Vingrys Kristina , McCarthy Helen , Segurado Ricardo , Hébert James R. , Phillips Catherine M.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Diet-related inflammation is associated with adiposity. Obesity and inflammation in early life may have adverse health outcomes in later life; however, the socio-ecological predictors of a pro-inflammatory diet in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. This rapid scoping review aims to summarise the current state of research from observational studies investigating socio-ecological predictors (childhood, parental, familial, demographic and chronobiological risk factors) and their association with diet-associated inflammation and adiposity in children and adolescents.

Methods

This scoping review will be conducted using the frameworks based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley and the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) mnemonic. Searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Cinahl and Embase, with adaptations as required. The piloted study selection process will utilise two reviewers for study selection, with reference lists checked for included studies. A third reviewer will moderate disagreements. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and calibrated by a second reviewer.

Results

The results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. The main findings will be synthesised into themes and concepts narratively. Tables and graphs will present frequencies, study details and categorical descriptions.

Discussion

This scoping review will provide an overview of the research conducted to date regarding predictors of diet-related inflammation in childhood and their associations with adiposity. Better understanding of the factors associated with a more inflammatory diet in childhood may be useful for clinicians and policy makers when designing and implementing health interventions.
Implementation outcomes and strategies for delivering evidence-based hypertension interventions in lower-middle-income countries: Evidence from a multi-country consortium for hypertension control
Authors: Gyamfi Joyce , Iwelunmor Juliet , Patel Shivani , Irazola Vilma , Aifah Angela , Rakhra Ashlin , Butler Mark , Vedanthan Rajesh , Hoang Giang Nguyen , Nyambura Monicah , Nguyen Hoa , Nguyen Cuc , Asante Kwaku Poku , Nyame Solomon , Adjei Kwame , Amoah John , Apusiga Kingsley , Adjei Kezia Gladys Amaning , Ramierz-Zea Manuel , Hernandez Diego , Fort Meredith , Sharma Hanspria , Jarhyan Prashant , Peprah Emmanuel , Ogedegbe Gbenga
Published: May 2023

Guidance on contextually tailored implementation strategies for the prevention, treatment, and control of hypertension is limited in lower-middle income countries (Lower-MIC). To address this limitation, we compiled implementation strategies and accompanying outcomes of evidence-based hypertension interventions currently being implemented in five Lower-MIC. The Global Research on Implementation and Translation Science (GRIT) Coordinating Center (CC) (GRIT-CC) engaged its global network sites at Ghana, Guatemala, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. Purposively sampled implementation science experts completed an electronic survey assessing implementation outcomes, in addition to implementation strategies used in their ongoing hypertension interventions from among 73 strategies within the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC). Experts rated the strategies based on highest priority to their interventions. We analyzed the data by sorting implementation strategies utilized by sites into one of the nine domains in ERIC and summarized the data using frequencies, proportions, and means. Seventeen implementation experts (52.9% men) participated in the exercise. Of Proctor’s implementation outcomes identified across sites, all outcomes except for appropriateness were broadly assessed by three or more countries. Overall, 59 out of 73 (81%) strategies were being utilized in the five countries. The highest priority implementation strategies utilized across all five countries focused on evaluative and iterative strategies (e.g., identification of context specific barriers and facilitators) to delivery of patient- and community-level interventions, while the lowest priority was use of financial and infrastructure change strategies. More capacity building strategies (developing stakeholder interrelationships, training and educating stakeholders, and supporting clinicians) were incorporated into interventions implemented in India and Vietnam than Ghana, Kenya, and Guatemala. Although robust implementation strategies are being used in Lower -MICs, there is minimum use of financial and infrastructure change strategies. Our study contributes to the growing literature that demonstrates the use of Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) implementation strategies to deliver evidence-based hypertension interventions in Lower-MICs and will inform future cross-country data harmonization activities in resource-constrained settings.
Patterns and predictors of adherence to follow-up health guidance invitations in a general health check-up program in Japan: A cohort study with an employer-sponsored insurer database
Authors: Mori Yuichiro , Matsushita Kunihiro , Inoue Kosuke , Fukuma Shingo
Published: May 2023

Background

Japan has conducted a nationwide annual health check-up program since 2008, focusing on metabolic syndrome and subsequent health guidance in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. However, the adherence rate to health guidance invitations was assumed to be low in previous reports. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize adherence patterns in the program and identify major predictors of adherence to health guidance invitations.

Methods

We studied 186,316 adults (aged 40–74 years) who were included in a nationwide employer-sponsored insurer’s database in Japan at the beginning of the fiscal year 2017. We first described adherence to health check-ups, the proportion of individuals with high cardiovascular risk, and adherence to health guidance invitations. Predictors of adherence to the invitation were then identified among eligible high-risk individuals.

Results

In 2017, 71.7% of the study population (n = 133,573) underwent health check-ups, among whom 23.2% (n = 30,979) were invited for health guidance because of their high cardiovascular risk. Among those individuals, 35.2% (n = 10,614) received health guidance. Predictors of improved adherence to health guidance invitation were older age, more concerning blood pressure or laboratory data results, and self-reported motivation for a lifestyle change.

Conclusion

Though 70% of eligible adults attended Japan’s annual cardiovascular risk check-ups, only 35% of individuals with high cardiovascular risk adhered to health guidance invitations. Future policy reforms to improve adherence to this program should target younger individuals and those with mild stages of hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia.
Association of dietary sodium intake with impaired fasting glucose in adult cancer survivors: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Kyuwoong , Kim Hamee , Jun Tae Joon , Kim Young-Hak
Published: May 2023

Background

Dietary sodium intake is a crucial lifestyle factor that should be assessed in adult cancer survivors due to their increased risk of adverse health outcomes compared to the general population. However, its with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adult cancer survivors remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of dietary sodium intake categorized by the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendation with IFG in the community-dwelling adult cancer survivors.

Methods

A total of 1,052 adult cancer survivors without diabetes were identified from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2013–2018. Data on dietary sodium intake was categorized as <1,500 mg/day, 1,500–2,999 mg/day, 2,300–3,999 mg/day, and ≥4,000 mg/day according to the AHA recommendation. A multiple logistic regression model adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and health status was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for IFG according to dietary sodium intake categories.

Results

After adjusting for confounding variables identified in the KNHANES, the adjusted OR among the adult cancer survivors who consumed 1,500–2,999 mg/day, 2,300–3,999 mg/day, and ≥4,000 mg/day of dietary sodium were 1.16 (95% CI: 0.25–5.27), 1.93 (95% CI: 0.40–9.37), and 2.67 (95% CI: 0.59–12.18), respectively, as compared to those who consumed <1,500 mg/day (P value for trend = 0.036).

Conclusion

Among community-dwelling adult cancer survivors, high dietary sodium intake was marginally associated with increased odds of IFG. Well-designed cohort studies or randomized clinical trials are needed to establish more epidemiologic evidence on this association in adult cancer survivors.
Protective human IgE responses are promoted by comparable life-cycle dependent Tegument Allergen-Like expression in Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infection
Authors: Oettle Rebecca C. , Dickinson Harriet A. , Fitzsimmons Colin M. , Sacko Moussa , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Chalmers Iain W. , Wilson Shona
Published: May 2023

Schistosoma haematobium is the most prevalent of the human-infecting schistosome species, causing significant morbidity in endemically exposed populations. Despite this, it has been relatively understudied compared to its fellow species, S. mansoni. Here we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the S. haematobium Tegument Allergen-Like protein family, a key protein family directly linked to protective immunity in S. mansoni infection. Comparable with observations for S. mansoni, parasite phylogenetic analysis and relative gene expression combined with host serological analysis support a cross-reactive relationship between S. haematobium TAL proteins, exposed to the host immune system as adult worms die, and closely related proteins, exposed during penetration by the infecting cercarial and early schistosomulae stages. Specifically, our results strengthen the evidence for host immunity driven by cross-reactivity between family members TAL3 and TAL5, establishing it for the first time for S. haematobium infection. Furthermore, we build upon this relationship to include the involvement of an additional member of the TAL protein family, TAL11 for both schistosome species. Finally, we show a close association between experience of infection and intensity of transmission and the development of protective IgE responses to these antigens, thus improving our knowledge of the mechanisms by which protective host immune responses develop. This knowledge will be critical in understanding how control efforts such as mass drug administration campaigns influence the development of host immunity and subsequent patterns of infection and disease within endemic populations.
The Crisis of Right to Informational Self-Determination versus the Crisis of Social Safety
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Cha Dongwook
Published: May 2023

The control of information about oneself has emerged as the most sensitive issue both personally and nationally in a digital information society. In the digital information society, the right to informational self-determination is very likely to emerge as a fundamental constitutional right to be the cornerstone of maintaining a free democratic system. As a guardian of constitutional rights, the Korean Constitutional Court has maintained an appropriate balance between guaranteeing the right to informational self-determination and social safety. This paper examines how the Constitutional Court allows restrictions on the right to informational self-determination by analyzing the details of the four-step review of the principle of prohibition of excessive restriction on cases of violation of the right to informational self-determination. Even if some flaws are often found in the process of the argumentation, the Constitutional Court's credit for properly balancing the right to informational self-determination and social safety as public interest should not be underestimated.
Energy demand modeling for low carbon cities in Thailand: A case study of Nakhon Ratchasima province
Authors: Tippichai Atit , Teungchai Kattreeya , Fukuda Atsushi
Published: May 2023

Nakhon Ratchasima is one of the northeastern cities which has been promoted as one of the low-carbon cities in Thailand. The study aims to evaluate policies and measures on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation to meet the target at the provincial level. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) is used as a modeling tool to simulate energy demand for each economic sector. The 2019 data is set as a base year, using top-down and bottom-up approaches depending on the availability of data for the analysis. The model consists of two scenarios: (1) Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and Low carbon scenario (LCS). Transport and industry sectors are the most energy-consuming and CO2-emitting sectors in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. In the LCS case, the final energy demand and CO2 emissions in 2050 will be reduced by about 40% compared to the BAU case. In addition, CO2 emissions in Nakhon Ratchasima Province will peak around 2038, this is not the case with BAU. The study could predict future energy demand and propose a way forward to reducing GHG emissions at the provincial level.
Rehabilitation of Formalism or “A Monument to the Scientific Error 2.0”: Viktor Shklovsky’s Zhili-byli
Authors: Lipovetsky Mark
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes different strategies that Viktor Shklovsky uses in his book of memoirs, Zhili-byli (1964), to re-articulate and re-introduce previously slandered and banned formalism. Sometimes, these strategies disguise such key formalist concepts as ostranenie (defamiliarization) by the less “provocative” terms or mock the official assessments of formalism by intentional contradictions and yawning omissions. Sometimes, they create associative connections that advance the formalist concepts and project them onto social and historical reality. Sometimes, they lead to the invention of new concepts that either distort or modify the logic of early formalism. Thus, in Zhili-byli Shklovsky reintroduces formalism while seemingly repenting for mistakes of the past and rehearsing orthodox aesthetic mantras about the superiority of realism and socialist realism over modernism and the avant-garde.
Bibliothekarische Fachsystematiken am Deutschen Archäologischen Institut: 180 Jahre Wissensordnung
Authors: Colombi Camilla
Published: May 2023

Seit 1836 werden bibliothekarische Titel an der Abteilung Rom des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts inhaltlich erschlossen. Die hierfür entwickelten Systematiken zeugen von der Entstehung der Klassischen Archäologie als Disziplin und von der Geschichte der bibliothekarischen Klassifikation. Die systematischen Kataloge und die Fachbibliographien des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts werden vorgestellt und ihre Entstehung kontextualisiert. Die Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Katalogen und den Bibliographien dienen als Ausgangspunkt, um die Anpassungsstrategien der Klassifikation an die Fortschritte der Forschung und der Technologie zu untersuchen. Der Abgleich mit dem Publikationsaufkommen ermöglicht zudem Bemerkungen zu den Änderungen in der Systematik.
Finding optimal decision boundaries for human intervention in one-class machine-learning models for industrial inspection
Authors: Zander Tim , Pan Ziyan , Birnstill Pascal , Beyerer Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Anomaly detection with machine learning in industrial inspection systems for manufactured products relies on labelled data. This raises the question of how the labelling by humans should be conducted. Moreover, such a system will most likely always be imperfect and potentially need a human fall-back mechanism for ambiguous cases. We consider the case where we want to optimise the cost of the combined inspection process done by humans together with a pre-trained algorithm. This gives improved combined performance and increases the knowledge of the performance of the pre-trained model. We focus on so-called one-class classification problems which produce a continuous outlier score. After establishing some initial setup mechanisms ranging from using prior knowledge to calibrated models, we then define some cost model for machine inspection with a possible second inspection of the sample done by a human. Further, we discuss in this cost model how to select two optimal boundaries of the outlier score, where in between these two boundaries human inspection takes place. Finally, we frame this established knowledge into an applicable algorithm and conduct some experiments for the validity of the model.
Do adipocytes serve as a reservoir for severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus-2?
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Bechmann Nicole , Beuschlein Felix , Wolfrum Christian , Bornstein Stefan R
Published: May 2023

Obesity is associated with a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and increased mortality. In the current study, we have investigated the expression of ACE2, NRP1, and HMGB1, known to facilitate severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry, in adipose tissue from non-COVID-19 control patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. All factors were expressed, but no significant differences between the groups were observed. Furthermore, diabetes status and medications did not affect the expression of ACE2. Only in obese men, the expression of ACE2 in adipose tissue was higher than in obese women. In the adipose tissue from patients who died from COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the adipocytes even though the patients died more than 3 weeks after the acute infection. This suggests that adipocytes may act as reservoirs for the virus. In COVID-19 patients, the expression of NRP1 was increased in COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, we observed an increased infiltration with macrophages in the COVID-19 adipose tissues compared to control adipose tissue. In addition, crown-like structures of dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages were observed in the adipose tissue from COVID-19 patients. These data suggest that in obese individuals, in addition to an increased mass of adipose tissue that could potentially be infected, increased macrophage infiltration due to direct infection with SARS-CoV-2 and sustained viral shedding, rather than preinfection ACE2 receptor expression, may be responsible for the increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with obesity.
Influencia del teletrabajo sobre el desempeño creativo en empleados con alta formación académica: la función mediadora de la autonomía laboral, la autoeficacia y la autoeficacia creativa
Authors: Santiago Torner Carlos
Published: May 2023

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto del teletrabajo sobre el desempeño creativo en empleados profesionales a través de tres variables mediadoras: la autonomía laboral, la autoeficacia y la autoeficacia creativa. La investigación aplica un diseño cuantitativo-correlacional. La muestra es de 448 empleados evaluados online. De los resultados destaca que el teletrabajo es un escenario idóneo para que los empleados con alta formación académica puedan ampliar su desempeño creativo. De hecho, la autonomía laboral, la autoeficacia y la autoeficacia creativa son tres características asociadas a la tarea o a la personalidad del individuo que intensifican esa relación actuando a modo de recurso laboral. Además, el trabajar dos o más días por semana de forma remota se asocia con un desempeño creativo estable. No obstante, el teletrabajo de baja intensidad, específicamente el de sólo un día, disminuye considerablemente la autopercepción de desempeño creativo. Por último, los resultados también revelan diferencias de género en la autoevaluación creativa, de manera que las mujeres tienen una conciencia de ideas originales sensiblemente inferior a los hombres, en especial, cuando sólo se teletrabaja un día por semana.
Actores y comunidades de debate social
Authors: Bañón Antonio , Asencio Alberto
Published: May 2023

El debate social es un hipergénero que permite abordar el intercambio de discursos públicos sobre temas socialmente relevantes, tal y como se ha venido desarrollando, desde hace años, con relación a la salud y la enfermedad, o a los procesos migratorios. Se destaca la necesaria interrelación de elementos superestructurales (actores, géneros y elementos contextuales), macroestructurales (dinámica temática), mesoestructurales (argumentación) y microestructurales (elementos fónicos, grafémicos, morfológicos o léxico-semánticos que regulan la intensidad del discurso) si se pretende, desde el análisis del discurso, brindar una respuesta ambiciosa a problemas sociales muy complejos. Hay categorías que, en esos modelos anteriores, reclamaban un análisis más detallado. Los tipos de actores que se comunican y sus agrupaciones constituyen buenos ejemplos. En este artículo, se ofrece una nueva sistematización de actores (y acciones) y se propone una nueva unidad de análisis: la comunidad de debate social. Al respecto, se plantea y ejemplifica  los siguientes tipos de actores sociales: hipoactores, microactores, mesoactores, macroactores, superactores e hiperactores. Asimismo, se presentan los tipos de agrupaciones comunitarias de debate social: precomunidad, subcomunidad, comunidad, mancomunidad, supracomunidad e hipercomunidad. Por último, se amplía la descripción de las acciones asociadas a la intervención directa en los problemas de los que se habla y en su posible solución.
Comunicación intercultural y racismo en contexto turístico. Observación participante de prácticas raciolingüísticas
Authors: Rodríguez-Iglesias Ígor
Published: May 2023

Este artículo aborda la comunicación intercultural a partir de las prácticas discursivas observadas in situ en un contexto turístico. El estudio se centra en las diferencias interaccionales respecto del color de la piel y el origen geográfico y cultural asumido por el interlocutor local. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, basada principalmente en la observación participante con un análisis decolonial dentro de los estudios de sociolingüística etnográfica crítica y comunicación intercultural. El texto problematiza las categorías que construyen la extranjería. En concreto, utiliza el marco fanoniano que dicotomiza entre zonas del Ser y zonas del no-Ser, que diferencia entre los privilegios y la subalternidad. La microviolencia discursiva se hace explícita en las prácticas observadas. El autor sostiene que los estudios de comunicación intercultural deben observar el hecho diferencial de la colonialidad del ser y del poder. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto cómo el racismo media en las prácticas discursivas.
El uso de conectores: análisis de errores basado en corpus de aprendices sinohablantes de español
Authors: Yang Qin
Published: May 2023

El objetivo del trabajo es descubrir los errores frecuentes y específicos de los aprendientes sinohablantes de español como lengua extranjera cuando usan conectores discursivos en los textos escritos. Para ello, se consideran los fundamentos metodológicos del análisis de corpus de aprendices desarrollado por Ramos (2016), así como el análisis de errores de Corder (1971). Los resultados cuantifican los errores y presentan una clasificación de estos, a la vez que ofrecen un principio de explicación de los mecanismos que propician su producción. De esta manera, los resultados pueden ser de utilidad para anticipar las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes; asimismo, permitiría diseñar una implantación didáctica y producir un material adaptado a ellos.
Flores Farfán, José Antonio (2018). Lengua y Poder. Aspectos teóricos, metodológicos y empíricos de la revitalización lingüística. Xalapa- Colección Biblioteca. Universidad Veracruzana
Authors: Vigil Nila
Published: May 2023

Quienes nos interesamos en la revitalización de las lenguas somos conscientes de que el concepto revitalización lingüística es usado ampliamente por académicos y activistas, al punto tal que muchas veces se utiliza el término sin definirlo, como si solo fuera un aspecto de puesta en acción. Por ello, desde la disciplina, se hace necesario revisarlo y conceptualizarlo desde un diálogo entre lo teórico y lo metodológico y este esfuerzo se puede apreciar en el libro de José Antonio Flores Farfán: Lengua y Poder. Aspectos teóricos, metodológicos y empíricos de la revitalización lingüística, que ha sido publicado en versión electrónica el 2018 y que hasta ahora no ve su edición en papel.
Lengua y Sociedad. (2022). Revista del Instituto de Investigación de Lingüística Aplicada (CILA) de la Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas y Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Authors: Gonzales Rosario
Published: May 2023

El segundo número del volumen veintiuno de la revista Lengua y Sociedad, el cual comprende el periodo julio-diciembre, abarca veintinueve artículos de investigación. Los artículos abordan diversas disciplinas, relacionadas con la sintaxis, la morfología, la semántica, la pragmática, el análisis del discurso, la lexicografía, la sociolingüística, la lingüística migratoria. Asimismo, se destacan las investigaciones centradas en lenguas originarias como el quechua, el aimara, el mazahua y el náhuatl, así como estudios sobre la traducción y el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas.