bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer study in the exploitation of argillaceous‐silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs
Authors: Jiang Shuxian , Song Jinze , Liu Chang , Xiong Youming , Pang Weixin , He Yufa
Published: October 2022

The paper investigates the heat transfer in the exploitation of offshore argillaceous‐silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs considering sand control. The temperature prediction model is established in this investigation. The coupled pressure‐temperature model of the flowing fluid inside the wellbore is also presented. The sand control for argillaceous‐silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs mainly brings two effects into the temperature and pressure profiles simulation, including the moderate sand control and the Joule–Thompson effect. The moderate sand control is reflected by the volume and particle size of produced sand into the wellbore in the mathematical derivation. The Joule–Thompson is considered in the model due to the small diameter of sand control screens. The experiment is designed to measure the pressure drop caused by various mesh diameters of sand control screens. Subsequently, the regression relationship between the pressure drop and the mesh diameter is concluded to calculate the temperature change at the sand control screen. The simulation of heat transfer helps to analyze secondary hydrate formation risk in the wellbore. The proposed model identifies the high‐risk location of the secondary hydrate formation. The sand control effect and well geometry effect are discussed quantitatively. The strict sand control in the argillaceous‐silt natural gas hydrate (NGH) sediment exploitation reduces the risk of secondary hydrate formation significantly; however, it also has a negative effect on natural gas production. To balance the sand control and the prevention of secondary hydrate formation risk, it is suggested to install the heating electrode in the high‐risk location to ensure flow safety with acceptable sand control precision. The heat provided by heat electrodes is calculated by the model presented in this paper. The model can be used to determine the proper arrangement of heat electrodes. The paper also describes the secondary hydrate formation by adjusting the well geometry. The formation depth of the NGH reservoir and the sea interval should be considered in the risk analysis of the secondary hydrate formation. Additionally, the effects of wall thickness and wall thermal properties are evaluated and discussed. It is recommended to optimize the riser thickness with a small thermal conductivity value to minimize the secondary hydrate formation risk, which is more efficient compared to adjusting the cement sheath.
A unified approach for the solution of fluid‐solid interaction problems with hyperelastic deformation in internal flows
Authors: Tandis Emad , Ashrafizadeh Ali
Published: October 2022

In the single domain method for solving fluid–solid interaction (FSI) problems, a unified formulation is used for the entire computational domain. In such monolithic FSI solvers, all of the governing equations are solved simultaneously. In the present study, the single domain method is further extended to an interface‐tracking FSI solver which accounts for mesh movement via an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) description of the governing equations. The focus is on internal flow problems with large deformation. Pressure and velocity are selected as the dependent variables for both solid and fluid parts of the computational domain. A distinguishing feature of the proposed method is that the governing equations at the interface are discretized in a conservative manner. Interfacial boundary conditions are enforced via a pressure–velocity splitting method to convert the kinematic and dynamic conditions at the interface into pressure–velocity relations. A PISO‐like procedure is used to solve the discretized equations. In order to evaluate the proposed solver, strongly‐coupled FSI benchmark test cases are employed. The performance of the proposed method and computational results are also compared with those obtained by a conventional partitioned solver. The results show that the proposed solver provides more accurate results on a coarser mesh compared to the benchmark solutions. The proposed method is also capable of solving strongly coupled problems for which the partitioned solver fails to converge.
Using the serratus anterior free flap for dynamic facial reanimation: Systematic review
Authors: Janik Stefan , Marijic Blazen , Faisal Muhammad , Grasl Stefan , Tzou Chieh‐Han J. , Rodriquez‐Lorenzo Andres , Seemann Rudolf , Leonhard Matthias , Erovic Boban M.
Published: October 2022

It was the purpose of this study to evaluate the role of the serratus anterior free flap (SAFF) with its long thoracic nerve (LTN) as composite flap for dynamic facial reanimation. A total of 10 studies, published between 2004 and 2021, met inclusion criteria. Clinical data of 48 patients were used for the systematic review and analysis. One to three slips were used, mainly as one‐stage procedures (n = 39; 81.3%), to create different force vectors. Single or double innervated muscle transfers were utilized in 32 (66.7%) and 16 (33.3%) cases with additionally harvested skin paddles in 4 (8.3%) patients. The LTN was mostly anastomosed to the ipsilateral masseteric nerve (45.8%; n = 22) or to remaining facial nerve branches (37.5%; n = 18), while cross‐facial‐nerve‐grafting was rarely used (16.7%; n = 8). The SAFF as composite flap with different force vectors proved to be a good candidate for immediate dynamic facial reanimation after any midface defects.
Maternal rodent exposure to di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate decreases muscle mass in the offspring by increasing myostatin
Authors: Li Fengju , Luo Ting , Rong Honghui , Lu Lu , Zhang Ling , Zheng Chuanfeng , Yi Dali , Peng Yi , Lei Enyu , Xiong Xiaotao , Wang Fengchao , Garcia Jose M. , Chen Ji‐an
Published: October 2022

Background

Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites can cross the placenta and may cause birth defects and developmental disorders. However, whether maternal DEHP exposure affects skeletal muscle development in the offspring and the pathways involved are unknown. This study investigated the effects of maternal DEHP exposure and the contribution of myostatin (MSTN) to skeletal muscle development in the offspring.

Methods

Pregnant wild‐type and muscle‐specific myostatin knockout (MSTN KO) C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive vehicle (corn oil) or 250 mg/kg DEHP by gavage every other day until their pups were weaned (postnatal day 21 [PND21]). Body weights of the offspring mice were measured longitudinally, and their hindleg muscles were harvested at PD21. Also, C2C12 cells were treated with mono‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the primary metabolite of DEHP, and proteolysis, protein synthesis, and myogenesis markers were measured. The contribution of myostatin to maternal DEHP exposure‐induced muscle wasting in the offspring was determined.

Results

Maternal DEHP exposure reduced body weight growth, myofibre size, and muscle mass in the offspring compared to controls (Quad: 2.70 ± 0.1 vs. 3.38 ± 0.23, Gastroc: 2.29 ± 0.09 vs. 2.81 ± 0.14, Tibialis: 1.01 ± 0.07 vs. 1.25 ± 0.11, mg/tibial length in mm, all P < 0.01, n = 35). Maternal DEHP exposure significantly increased Myostatin expression (2.45 ± 0.41 vs. 0.03 ± 0.00 DEHP vs. controls, P < 0.01, n = 5), Atrogin‐1(2.68 ± 0.65 vs. 0.63 ± 0.01, P < 0.05, n = 5), MuRF1 (1.56 ± 0.51 vs. 0.31 ± 0.01, P < 0.05, n = 5), and Smad2/3 phosphorylation (4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 0.49 ± 0.18, P < 0.05), and decreased MyoD (0.27 ± 0.01 vs. 1.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05, n = 5), Myogenin (0.25 ± 0.03 vs. 1.95 ± 0.56, P < 0.05, n = 5), and AKT phosphorylation (4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 1.00 ± 0.06, P < 0.05, n = 5), in skeletal muscle of the offspring in MSTNflox/flox, but not in MSTN KO mice. Maternal DEHP exposure resulted in up‐regulation of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein δ (C/EBPδ, 4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 1.00 ± 0.19, P < 0.05, n = 5) in skeletal muscle of the offspring in MSTNflox/flox and MSTN KO mice (4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 4.35 ± 0.28, P > 0.05, n = 5). In vitro, C/EBPδ silencing abrogated the MEHP‐induced increases in Myostatin, MuRF‐1, and Atrogin‐1 and decreases in MyoD and Myogenin expression.

Conclusions

Maternal DEHP exposure impairs skeletal muscle development in the offspring by enhancing the C/EBPδ‐myostatin pathway in mice.
A difficult‐to‐diagnose case of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer with marked transverse colon stenosis
Authors: Natsui Kazuki , Maruyama Masaki , Terai Shuji
Published: October 2022

We report a difficult‐to‐diagnose case of Borrmann type IV gastric cancer with poor typical findings and marked colonic stenosis in a 47‐year‐old man and present a literature review.
Does global value chain participation boost high technology exports?
Authors: Altun Abdullah , Avsar Ilker Ibrahim , Turan Taner , Yanikkaya Halit
Published: October 2022

This study examines the role of global value chain (GVC) participation in high technology exports using data over 120 countries during the 1995–2019 period. Our results suggest that GVC participation matters for high‐tech exports. While GVC participation with higher income countries is significantly associated with high‐tech exports, GVC participation with lower income countries has no effect. However, regardless of the origin countries, high‐tech GVC participation raises high‐tech exports. Moreover, GVC participation has a positive impact on high‐tech exports to lower income countries. Finally, we present evidence that the determinants of high‐tech exports vary by the income level of destination countries.
Highly Accelerated Compressed‐Sensing 4D Flow for Intracardiac Flow Assessment
Authors: Varga‐Szemes Akos , Halfmann Moritz , Schoepf U. Joseph , Jin Ning , Kilburg Anton , Dargis Danielle M. , Düber Christoph , Ese Amir , Aquino Gilberto , Xiong Fei , Kreitner Karl‐Friedrich , Markl Michael , Emrich Tilman
Published: October 2022

Background

Four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI allows for the quantification of complex flow patterns; however, its clinical use is limited by its inherently long acquisition time. Compressed sensing (CS) is an acceleration technique that provides substantial reduction in acquisition time.

Purpose

To compare intracardiac flow measurements between conventional and CS‐based highly accelerated 4D flow acquisitions.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Fifty healthy volunteers (28.0 ± 7.1 years, 24 males).

Field Strength/Sequence

Whole heart time‐resolved 3D gradient echo with three‐directional velocity encoding (4D flow) with conventional parallel imaging (factor 3) as well as CS (factor 7.7) acceleration at 3 T.

Assessment

4D flow MRI data were postprocessed by applying a valve tracking algorithm. Acquisition times, flow volumes (mL/cycle) and diastolic function parameters (ratio of early to late diastolic left ventricular peak velocities [E/A] and ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity [E/e′]) were quantified by two readers.

Statistical Tests

Paired‐samples t‐test and Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare measurements. Pearson correlation coefficient (r), Bland–Altman‐analysis (BA) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate agreement between techniques and readers. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A significant improvement in acquisition time was observed using CS vs. conventional accelerated acquisition (6.7 ± 1.3 vs. 12.0 ± 1.3 min). Net forward flow measurements for all valves showed good correlation (r > 0.81) and agreement (ICCs > 0.89) between conventional and CS acceleration, with 3.3%–8.3% underestimation by the CS technique. Evaluation of diastolic function showed 3.2%–17.6% error: E/A 2.2 [1.9–2.4] (conventional) vs. 2.3 [2.0–2.6] (CS), BA bias 0.08 [−0.81–0.96], ICC 0.82; and E/e′ 4.6 [3.9–5.4] (conventional) vs. 3.8 [3.4–4.3] (CS), BA bias −0.90 [−2.31–0.50], ICC 0.89.

Data Conclusion

Analysis of intracardiac flow patterns and evaluation of diastolic function using a highly accelerated 4D flow sequence prototype is feasible, but it shows underestimation of flow measurements by approximately 10%.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
The benefits of a mindfulness program for university students: A qualitative exploration on intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships
Authors: Altinyelken Hülya Kosar
Published: October 2022

This study explores the perceived benefits of a mindfulness program for university students, focusing on changes in their intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships. The findings underscore increased self‐compassion and self‐care and diminished levels of self‐judgement. Mindfulness programs could be incorporated into counseling services in higher education to improve students’ well‐being.
MAVRIC based T2 mapping assessment of infrapatellar fat pad scarring in patients with total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sacher Sara E. , Neri John P. , Gao Madeleine A. , Argentieri Erin C. , Potter Hollis G. , Koch Kevin M. , Koff Matthew F.
Published: October 2022

The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) has been implicated as a source of postoperative knee pain. Imaging the IPFP is challenging in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to metallic susceptibility artifact. Multi‐Acquisition Variable‐Resonance Image Combination (MAVRIC)‐based T2 Mapping has been developed to mitigate this artifact and can generate quantitative T2 data. Objectives of this study were to (1) measure T2 values of the IPFP in patients with TKAs using a MAVRIC based T2 mapping technique and (2) determine if IPFP T2 values are related to the degree of fat pad scarring or clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Twenty‐eight subjects (10 males, 18 females, Age: 66 + 7.2 years [Mean ± standard deviations]) undergoing clinical MRIs were sequentially recruited. Morphological imaging and quantitative T2 mapping sequences were performed on a clinical 1.5 T scanner. The morphologic images were graded for the presence and severity of fat pad scarring and clinical outcomes. T2 values were calculated in the total fat pad volume, a normal regions of interest (ROI), and an abnormal ROI. T2 values were shortened in the total IPFP volume (p = 0.001) and within abnormal regions (p = 0.003) in subjects with more severe IPFP scarring. The difference between T2 values in normal−abnormal regions was greater in subjects with severe versus no scarring (+1426.1%, p = 0.008). T2 values were elevated in patients with MRI findings of osteolysis (+32.3%, p = 0.02). These findings indicate that MAVRIC‐based T2 Mapping may be used as a quantitative biomarker of postoperative IPFP scarring in individuals following TKA.
Digital transformation, banking stability, and financial inclusion inSub‐SaharanAfrica
Authors: Sodokin Koffi , Koriko Moubarak , Lawson Dzidzogbé Hechely , Couchoro Mawuli K.
Published: October 2022

This article highlights the effects of Digital Transformation as a General Purpose Technology and bank stability on banking inclusion and thus on financial inclusion in Sub‐Saharan African countries. We use simultaneous panel model estimates covering 36 Sub‐Saharan African countries from 2004 to 2017. The results show positive and significant effects of digital transformation as general purpose technology and bank stability on financial inclusion. The results show also that the effect of digital transformation on financial inclusion is more substantial when the banking sector is stable.
The next step: Replacing step 1 as a metric for residency application
Authors: Berk Garrett A. , Ho Tiffany D. , Stack‐Pyle Taylor J. , Zeatoun Abdullah , Kong Keonho A. , Chaskes Mark B. , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , DeMason Christine E. , Kimple Adam J. , Senior Brent A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

As of January 2022, USMLE Step 1 scores are reported as pass/fail. Historically, Step 1 scores have been a critical component of residency applications, representing one of the few metrics standardized across all applicants independent of the school they attended. In competitive specialties, such as otolaryngology, programs routinely get 100+ applicants for each residency spot and use Step 1 as a screening tool. This study seeks to assess quantifiable metrics in the application that highly competitive residency programs could use for screening in place of Step 1 scores.

Methods

Otolaryngology applications to an academic medical center for the 2019–20 and 2020–21 ERAS cycles were reviewed. Board scores and quantitative research data were extracted. The relationships between Step 1 score and the other metrics were examined by computing Pearson's correlation coefficients and building regression models. Similar analyses were done separately for three different score tiers defined by Step 1 cutoffs at 220 points and 250 points.

Results

Step 2 score was the only variable that had meaningful correlation with Step 1 score (R = .67, p < 2.2e−16). No other objective metric such as journal articles, posters, or oral presentations correlated with Step 1 scores.

Conclusion

Step 1 scores were moderately correlated with Step 2 scores; however, using a Step 2 cutoff instead of a Step 1 cutoff would identify a different cohort of applicants for interview. No other quantifiable application metric had a positive correlation. In future match cycles, highly competitive residency programs will need to adopt new methods to screen candidates.

Level of Evidence: Level 3.
Modulation of Valley Dynamics in Hybrid H/T Phase Monolayer WSe2
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Zheng Xuanli , Liu Gaohong , Yin Jun , Ke Congming , Yang Weihuang , Wu Yaping , Wu Zhiming , Li Xu , Zhang Chunmiao , Xu Feiya , Kang Junyong
Published: October 2022

Two unequal K and K' valleys in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) enable large and controllable polarization, which is the cornerstone of emerging valleytronic applications. Here, a phase engineering strategy aided by resonant plasmonic coupling is proposed to manipulate the valley degree of freedom. Compared with the pristine WSe2 monolayer, the hybrid H/T phase WSe2 exhibits an enhanced degrees of circular polarization (DCP) and valley polarization (DVP). As further aided by the designed Au plasmonic array, the T phase facilitates the excitons process and promotes the charge transfer in WSe2/Au interface under the plasmonic‐enhanced electromagnetic field. Consequently, both the DCP and DVP values are considerably enhanced to 38.5% (15.6%) and 15.1% (7.6%) at 13 K (room temperature), respectively. Through finite difference time domain simulations (FDTD), the near‐field excitation, exciton decay, and far‐field detection processes are systematically analyzed, and highly consistent polarizations are quantitatively achieved between the theoretical and the experimental results. Accordingly, the high polarizations are revealed to be contributed by the increased exciton generation and radiation efficiency, chiral electromagnetic field, and non‐equilibrium spin distribution in the hybrid phase. The research presented here illustrates a promising route to control the spin and valley degrees of freedom in TMDC materials.
Active Manipulation of Luminescent Dynamics via Au NPs‐CsPbBr3 Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Zhu Yizhi , Guo Heng , Cui Qiannan , Chen Jinping , Li Zhuxin , Lu Junfeng , Lu Tien‐Chang , Peng Zhengchun , Xu Chunxiang , Pan Caofeng
Published: October 2022

Manipulating photocarrier dynamics for luminescent materials is fundamentally important for steering luminescent properties of optoelectronic devices. Here, interfacial engineering is realized by constructing Au NPs‐CsPbBr3 interfaces toward resonant coupling between localized surface plasmon and exciton. Through ultrafast laser spectroscopic measurements, it is demonstrated that photoluminance originating from CsPbBr3 excitonic recombination is significantly enhanced at the interface with prolonged lifetimes. Interfacial photocarrier dynamics are mediated by plasmon‐induced hot electron transfer (PHET) and plasmon‐induced resonant energy transfer (PIRET) processes. By simply varying excitation laser wavelengths, PHET path of photocarriers is actively switched on and off. The results are of great significance for actively manipulating photocarrier dynamics of perovskite luminescent devices.
An overview of cdc2‐like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors and their therapeutic indications
Authors: ElHady Ahmed K. , El‐Gamil Dalia S. , Abadi Ashraf H. , Abdel‐Halim Mohammad , Engel Matthias
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade, Clk1 has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases, in which deregulated alternative splicing plays a role. First small molecules targeting Clk1 are in clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancer, where variants of oncogenic proteins derived from alternative splicing promote tumor progression. Since many infectious pathogens hi‐jack the host cell's splicing machinery to ensure efficient replication, further indications in this area are under investigation, such as Influenza A, HIV‐1 virus, and Trypanosoma infections, and more will likely be discovered in the future. In addition, Clk1 was found to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through causing an imbalance of tau splicing products. Interestingly, homozygous Clk1 knockout mice showed a rather mild phenotype, opposed to what might be expected in view of the profound role of Clk1 in alternative splicing. A major drawback of most Clk1 inhibitors is their insufficient selectivity; in particular, Dyrk kinases and haspin were frequently identified as off‐targets, besides the other Clk isoforms. Only few inhibitors were shown to be selective over Dyrk1A and haspin, whereas no Clk1 inhibitor so far achieved selectivity over the Clk4 isoform. In this review, we carefully compiled all Clk1 inhibitors from the scientific literature and summarized their structure–activity relationships (SAR). In addition, we critically discuss the available selectivity data and describe the inhibitor's efficacy in cellular models, if reported. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of Clk1 drug discovery and highlight the most promising chemotypes.
On the L∞‐regularity for fractional Orlicz problems via Moser's iteration
Authors: Carvalho Marcos L. M. , Silva Edcarlos D. , de Albuquerque José Carlos , Bahrouni Sabri
Published: October 2022

estimates for the fractional
‐Laplacian operator defined in bounded domains are established, where the nonlinearity is subcritical or critical in a suitable sense. Furthermore, using some fine estimates together with Moser's iteration, we prove that any weak solution for fractional
‐Laplacian operator defined in bounded domains belongs to
, under appropriate hypotheses on the
‐function
. Using the Orlicz space and taking into account the fractional setting for our problem, the main results are stated for a huge class of nonlinear operators and nonlinearities.
Designing a polarization‐insensitive and ultra‐wideband transmissive polarization convertor using a tightly coupled dipole array
Authors: Kim Seongjung , Nam Sangwook
Published: October 2022

In this study, a polarization‐insensitive and ultra‐wideband transmissive polarization convertor (PC) is proposed. The proposed PC operates at 2.29–6.27 GHz (93.32%) for the same polarization reflection at ≤−10 dB, orthogonally rotated polarization transmission at ≥−1 dB, and a 0.22 λlow thickness at the lowest operating frequency. A dual‐polarized tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) antenna is introduced for application in the wideband PC, where the operating bandwidth is related to the antenna bandwidth. Additionally, the polarization insensitivity is related to the feeding structure, which allows coupling of the receiving signal to the transmitting antenna. Furthermore, the operating principle is described in detail by showing the surface current on the TCDA and the feeding structure. Finally, unit cell simulations and measurements are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed PC.
Ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging of the osteochondral junction
Authors: Lombardi Alecio F. , Guma Monica , Chung Christine B. , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang , Ma Ya‐Jun
Published: October 2022

Osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease that causes pain and disability with increasing incidence worldwide. The osteochondral junction is a dynamic region of the joint that is associated with the early development and progression of osteoarthritis. Despite the substantial advances achieved in the imaging of cartilage and application to osteoarthritis in recent years, the osteochondral junction has received limited attention. This is primarily related to technical limitations encountered with conventional MR sequences that are relatively insensitive to short T2 tissues and the rapid signal decay that characterizes these tissues. MR sequences with ultrashort echo time (UTE) are of great interest because they can provide images of high resolution and contrast in this region. Here, we briefly review the anatomy and function of cartilage, focusing on the osteochondral junction. We also review basic concepts and recent applications of UTE MR sequences focusing on the osteochondral junction.
Geographic origin and social status of the Gallic warriors from Ribemont‐sur‐Ancre (France) studied through isotope systematics of bone remains
Authors: Clauzel Thibault , Richardin Pascale , Ricard Jannick , Prilaux Gilles , Martin Jeremy E. , Amiot Romain , Fourel François , Nguyen Van Anh , Arnaud‐Godet Florent , Vinçon‐Laugier Arnauld , Flandrois Jean‐Pierre , Lécuyer Christophe
Published: October 2022

Ribemont‐sur‐Ancre, France, is the biggest excavated human skeletal assemblage of Northern Gaul. It is interpreted as a post‐battle deposit constructed to celebrate war. However, the chronology of the site, its organization and the origin of the buried warriors are still poorly understood. These problems are studied by a multi‐proxy approach, based on radiocarbon dating, stable and radiogenic isotope analysis of bone remains from three structures within the site. A total of 47 human and 12 animal bone samples were analyzed for their oxygen isotope composition of bone bioapatite (δ18Op), carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of bone collagen (δ13Ccolland δ15Ncoll). Subsamples of 17 bone collagen and 20 bone samples were selected for radiocarbon dating and strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr), respectively. All samples show preservation from diagenesis, although87Sr/86Sr contribution from the burial environment cannot be excluded. Therefore, the strontium isotope data are included in the study but are not used in the interpretation of the results. Homogeneous radiocarbon dates of human remains are observed, whereas later dates are obtained for some animal remains, highlighting the continuous use of the monument decades after the conflict. Human individuals have homogeneous δ18Opvalues, which are consistent with independent numismatic analyses and lead us to propose the Maine region as a potential geographic origin. Heterogeneities of δ13Ccolland δ15Ncollvalues are highlighted between individuals from different structures and are attributed to preferential access to animal protein and different social statuses among the buried warriors.
Thermo‐mechanical properties of flexible and rigid polyurethane (PU)/Cu composites
Authors: Somdee Patcharapon , Ansari Manauwar Ali , Marossy Kálmán
Published: October 2022

In this article, flexible and rigid polyurethane (PU)/copper (Cu) composites are prepared via a simple and cost‐effective solution casting process. The filler dispersion and chemical bonding of composites are investigated by SEM and FTIR techniques. The results showed the homogeneous dispersion of Cu microparticles. Furthermore, thermal properties are investigated using DMA, DSC, and thermal conductivity measurements. The maximum improvement in thermal conductivity for flexible and rigid PU composites is 24%, and 48%, respectively, as compared to their pure counterparts. The obtained thermal conductivity values are also compared and analyzed with the mechanical property model (Corans and Patel model) and found in good agreement with the output of the model. DMA results showed enhancement in the storage modulus with filler loading while the DSC results revealed the endothermic temperature did not significantly change with adding Cu filler in both flexible and rigid PU matrices. The mechanical properties of composites were studied using tensile and hardness (Shore A and Shore D) test. For flexible PU composites an improvement in tensile strength (43%), Young's modulus (111%), Shore A hardness (6%), Shore D hardness (27%) as compared to pure flexible PU. For rigid PU composites a reduction in tensile strength (23%), Young's modulus (32%), and an increase in Shore A hardness (3%), Shore D hardness (5%) as compared to pure rigid PU. As a result of the current study, TC of rigid PU is found doubly enhanced compared to flexible PU at the same filler concentration. Copper microparticles can act as active filler in both flexible and rigid PU matrices.
Current state of knowledge on the extinction risk of Malaysian tree species: Proximate needs to mitigate loss
Authors: Chua Lillian S. L. , Sang Julia , Pereira Joan T. , Khoo Eyen , Maycock Colin R.
Published: October 2022

Societal Impact Statement

As one of the world's top megadiverse countries for tree species, Malaysia remains committed towards reducing tree population loss and species extinction. In order to ensure efficacy in the planning and implementation of conservation programmes, prioritisation of resources, and mainstreaming across the key drivers of biodiversity loss, it is essential to identify, document, and assess the extinction risk of families with high levels of endemism. In addition to being an integral component of ecosystems and their functions, from a socio‐ecological perspective, the rich biodiversity of Malaysia constitutes extraordinary natural capital that many people depend on for their livelihoods and well‐being.

Malaysia is a megadiverse country for plant species. Knowledge of the diversity of Malaysian plant species is incomplete but has been significantly expanded by the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak and Flora of Peninsular Malaysia projects. More than 400 new plant species, including at least 14 new genera, have been added since 1995. Between 1973 and 2015, Malaysia lost an estimated 29.4% natural forest cover; conserving plant species at immediate risk of extinction will help alleviate future loss of natural forests and biodiversity. With 9.2% of the world's tree species dwelling in Malaysia, of which 29.8% are endemic, species risk assessment is an important conservation planning tool for the Malaysian flora. Through the Global Tree Assessment project, Malaysia verified that approximately 24% of the tree diversity is exposed to a multitude of threats ranging from deforestation and forest degradation to poaching and incursion of invasive alien species. Here, we summarise the extent and types of extinction risk faced by several of our keystone tree families, namely, Dipterocarpaceae, and tree genera of Myristicaceae and Sapotaceae, whose timbers remain highly valued. We summarise the nature and aims of programmes that spur the country's conservation agenda for threatened plant species and describe some specific targets for Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak. We focus on efforts that enhance in situ conservation and the understanding of population dynamics. Programmes that enable and support the main agenda, such as institutional capacity building and awareness of the importance of biodiversity, are also briefly explained.
Resistance to dinotefuran in Bemisia tabaci in China: status and characteristics
Authors: Li Kaixin , Liu Jiantao , Geng Ziqiong , Xu Wei , Zhang Zhuang , Chu Dong , Guo Lei
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a serious agricultural pest worldwide. Neonicotinoids are the most important new class of synthetic insecticides used in the management of B. tabaci. However, B. tabaci populations have developed resistance to various active ingredients in neonicotinoids following long‐term and widespread application.

RESULTS

Dinotefuran exhibited high toxicity against most B. tabaci field populations. One population (Din‐R) with a high level of resistance to dinotefuran (255.6‐fold) was first identified in the field. The Din‐R population exhibited medium to high levels of resistance to all the tested neonicotinoid insecticides and a high level of resistance to spinetoram. Genetic inheritance analysis revealed that resistance to dinotefuran was incompletely recessive and polygenic. The synergist piperonyl butoxide significantly increased the toxicity of dinotefuran to Din‐R. P450 activity in the Din‐R population was 2.19‐fold higher than in the susceptible population. RNA‐sequencing analysis showed that 12 P450 genes were significantly upregulated in the Din‐R population, of which CYP6DW5, CYP6JM1 and CYP306A1 were found to exhibit more than 3.00‐fold higher expression in Din‐R when using a reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of eight P450 genes was obviously induced by dinotefuran, and CYP6DW5 showed the highest expression level. After knockdown of CYP6DW5 in Din‐R, the toxicity of dinotefuran increased significantly.

CONCLUSION

P450 had a crucial role in dinotefuran resistance in B. tabaci, and CYP6DW5 was involved in the resistance. These results provide important information for the management of resistance in B. tabaci and improve our understanding of the resistance mechanism of dinotefuran. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An unusual isolated anterior mediastinal lesion
Authors: Quigley Nicholas , Lang‐Lazdunski Loic , Boily‐Daoust Catherine , Couture Christian , Fortin Marc
Published: October 2022

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an infrequent tumour of poor prognosis with a strong association with asbestos exposure. Pleural effusion or thickening is the most common radiological finding. Thoracoscopic biopsy is the diagnostic modality of choice. In our report, we present the case of a career welder who consulted with vocal cord palsy and an atypical anterior mediastinal lesion. An EBUS‐TBNA‐guided biopsy and a thorough cytological assessment led to an unexpected diagnosis of epithelioid MPM. A localized anterior mediastinal lesion is an extremely infrequent presentation of MPM that deserves clinical recognition.
Constructive conditions for consensus of multi‐agents under fast switching networks: A time‐delay approach
Authors: Zhang Jin , Shi Jing , Ding Lei , Peng Chen
Published: October 2022

This article studies consensus problem of multi‐agent systems under fast switching networks depending on a small parameter . In contrast to the existing methods that are qualitative, we present, for the first time, constructive and quantitative results for finding an upper bound on that preserves the consensus and for designing the consensus protocol that includes the designs of continuous‐time controller and of sampled‐data controller. We first employ a time‐delay approach to periodic averaging for continuous‐time control of multi‐agent systems under fast switching networks leading to a time‐delay model where the delay length is equal to . We construct an appropriate Lyapunov functional for finding sufficient stability conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The upper bound on that preserves the exponential stability is found from LMIs. Moreover, sufficient conditions on the existence of controller gain are, for the first time, derived for the multi‐agent systems under fast switching networks. For the implementation of consensus protocol, we further extend our method to sampled‐data consensus of multi‐agent systems under fast switching networks where additional Lyapunov functionals are presented to compensate the term due to the sampling. Finally, an example of Caltech multivehicle wireless test bed vehicles is given to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Bathocuproine:Ag Complex Functionalized Tunneling Junction for Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/TOPCon Silicon Tandem Solar Cell
Authors: Ying Zhiqin , Yang Xi , Zheng Jingming , Sun Jingsong , Xiu Jingwei , Zhu Yudong , Wang Xinlong , Chen Ying , Li Xin , Sheng Jiang , Shou Chunhui , Zeng Yuheng , Pan Hui , Ye Jichun , He Zhubing
Published: October 2022

The single‐crystalline silicon solar cell with tunnel oxide passivating poly‐Si contact (TOPCon) has developed into one of the most promising and high‐performance n‐type Si‐based solar cells in their mass production way because of its high conversion efficiency and robustness. Owing to its unique device structure, TOPCon shows superior advantages over amorphous Si‐based heterojunction one (HJT) in developing high‐performance monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell because TOPCon may have better tolerance than HJT to the particle bombardments and plasma fluorescence irradiations in the sputtering deposition process of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) recombination layer. Herein, bathocuproine (BCP):silver complex is introduced as a buffer recombination contact between TCO and poly‐SiCX, to modulate the tunneling junction between perovskite/TOPCon. Depending on fine film thickness and derived energy level tuning, BCP:Ag buffer layer can effectively prevent the sputter bombardments and passivate the interface of TCO/poly‐SiCX(n)/SiOX contact, as well as enhancing electron transport. As a result, a certified conversion efficiency of 25.84% is achieved in the monolithic perovskite/TOPCon silicon tandem solar cell. This work definitely paves a new and promising way to develop high‐performance monolithic perovskite/c‐Si tandem solar cells.
Starches Isolated from the Pulp and Seeds of Unripe Pouteria campechiana Fruits as Potential Health‐Promoting Food Additives
Authors: Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Pacheco‐Vargas Glenda , Nuñez‐Santiago María C. , Evangelista‐Lozano Silvia , Gutiérrez Tomy J.
Published: October 2022

The non‐conventional starch isolated from unripe fruits is an alternative to obtain this raw material with improved or different functionality and digestibility. The starch isolated from Pouteria campechiana pulp (SIP) and seeds (SIS) of unripe fruits shows similar average granule sizes and A‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern. The digestibility characteristics are related to the hierarchical structure, since the amylopectin of the SIS sample has the highest crystallinity percentage and degree of polymerization (DP). These long amylopectin chains produce a thermally stable helical structure. Resistant starch (RS) in the SIP and SIS samples remains after cooking, and the cooked SIS show an increase in slowly digestible starch (SDS) content. In contrast, cooked SIP has an increased content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS). The SIP sample also shows interesting β‐carotene content values (15.4 µg g−1 dry starch) for the manufacture of potentially health‐promoting food additives in terms of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The supramolecular structure–in vitro digestibility relationship of the SIS sample yields interesting results as a novel, low‐cost, and underutilized alternative starch source for the manufacture of potential health‐promoting starchy food additives.
STEM Teacher Professional Development for Primary School Teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng May May Hung , Yeh Fang-Yin
Published: October 2022

This study draws on the findings from a STEM education project to examine Hong Kong in-service primary school teachers’ perceived challenges in implementing STEM education, the support they received in STEM teacher professional development (STEM TPD), and their needs for future STEM TPD. The study engaged teacher professional development through a school-university partnership and adopted a practitioner research approach that aimed at enhancing primary school teachers’ professional capacity of designing STEM activities relevant to the Hong Kong curriculum, with an emphasis on the learning of crosscutting concepts and inquiry-based teaching. STEM TPD is aimed at collaborative curriculum development as an opportunity to foster active learning through co-creating curriculum materials among teachers and university facilitators. Twelve primary school teachers from various subject teaching backgrounds were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect the teachers’ experiences with the STEM TPD and their views on the integration of cross-cutting concepts in designing STEM lessons. Findings of the study revealed teachers' perceived challenges during the preparation and teaching phases related to STEM instruction and lesson planning, limited resources, and other concerns embedded in broader contextual situations. While teachers reported to have received different types of support from the STEM TPD relating to the pedagogical knowledge of STEM, future directions for STEM TPD were expressed in relation to content components of STEM TPD, opportunities for authentic learning and first-hand experiences, and coherence. Finally, this chapter discusses areas that need to be resolved before a further enhancement in terms of quality and quantity of STEM lessons could be expected.
Functional interdependence of the actin regulators CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of dendritic spine morphology
Authors: Heinze Anika , Schuldt Cara , Khudayberdiev Sharof , van Bommel Bas , Hacker Daniela , Schulz Toni G. , Stringhi Ramona , Marcello Elena , Mikhaylova Marina , Rust Marco B.
Published: October 2022

The vast majority of excitatory synapses are formed on small dendritic protrusions termed dendritic spines. Dendritic spines vary in size and density that are crucial determinants of excitatory synaptic transmission. Aberrations in spine morphogenesis can compromise brain function and have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Actin filaments (F-actin) are the major structural component of dendritic spines, and therefore, actin-binding proteins (ABP) that control F-actin dis-/assembly moved into the focus as critical regulators of brain function. Studies of the past decade identified the ABP cofilin1 as a key regulator of spine morphology, synaptic transmission, and behavior, and they emphasized the necessity for a tight control of cofilin1 to ensure proper brain function. Here, we report spine enrichment of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a conserved multidomain protein with largely unknown physiological functions. Super-resolution microscopy and live cell imaging of CAP1-deficient hippocampal neurons revealed impaired synaptic F-actin organization and dynamics associated with alterations in spine morphology. Mechanistically, we found that CAP1 cooperates with cofilin1 in spines and that its helical folded domain is relevant for this interaction. Moreover, our data proved functional interdependence of CAP1 and cofilin1 in control of spine morphology. In summary, we identified CAP1 as a novel regulator of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton that is essential for synaptic cofilin1 activity.
Quantification and Proximal-to-Distal Distribution Pattern of Tibial Nerve Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pietsch Adriana M. , Viehöver Andrea , Diem Ricarda , Weiler Markus , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Wildemann Brigitte , Sam Georges , Hayes John M. , Fösleitner Olivia , Jende Johann M. E. , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Hayes Jennifer C.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Recent studies suggest an involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we characterize the proximal-to-distal distribution pattern of peripheral nerve lesions in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) by quantitative magnetic resonance neurography (MRN).

Methods

A total of 35 patients with RRMS were prospectively included and underwent detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic examinations. Additionally, 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. 3T MRN with anatomical coverage from the proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was conducted using dual-echo 2‑dimensional relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation. Quantification of PNS involvement was performed by evaluating microstructural (proton spin density (ρ), T2-relaxation time (T2app)), and morphometric (cross-sectional area, CSA) MRN markers in every axial slice.

Results

In patients with RRMS, tibial nerve lesions at the thigh and the lower leg were characterized by a decrease in T2app and an increase in ρ compared to controls (T2app thigh: p < 0.0001, T2app lower leg: p = 0.0040; ρ thigh: p < 0.0001; ρ lower leg: p = 0.0098). An additional increase in nerve CSA was only detectable at the thigh, while the semi-quantitative marker T2w-signal was not altered in RRMS in both locations. A slight proximal-to-distal gradient was observed for T2app and T2-signal, but not for ρ.

Conclusion

PNS involvement in RRMS is characterized by a decrease in T2app and an increase in ρ, occurring with proximal predominance at the thigh and the lower leg. Our results indicate microstructural alterations in the extracellular matrix of peripheral nerves in RRMS and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic relevance of PNS involvement.
Endovascular Therapy in Acute Isolated Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Abdelnaby Ramy , Mohamed Khaled Ashraf , ELgenidy Anas , Sonbol Yousef Tarek , Bedewy Mahmoud Mostafa , Aboutaleb Aya Moustafa , Dardeer Khaled Tarek , Heikal Hamed Amr , Gawish Hazem Maher , Nikoubashman Omid , Reich Arno , Pinho João
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Patients with isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion (iPCAO) represent up to 6% of all acute ischemic stroke patients. Acute revascularization therapies for these patients were not tested in randomized controlled trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of iPCAO patients who undergo endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, Scopus (inception—03/2022) was conducted for studies reporting 3‑month outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and/or successful recanalization in iPCAO patients who underwent EVT. Random effect meta-analyses for pooled proportions were calculated. Double-arm meta-analyses for comparison of outcomes of iPCAO patients treated with EVT with age-, sex- and NIHSS-matched iPCAO patients treated with best medical treatment only were performed.

Results

Fifteen studies reporting a total of 461 iPCAO patients who underwent EVT were included. Excellent and favorable 3‑month outcome proportions were 36% (95% confidence interval, CI 20–51%) and 57% (95% CI 40–73%), respectively. The 3‑month mortality was 9% (95% CI 5–13), sICH occurred in 1% (95% CI 0–2%), successful recanalization was achieved in 79% (95% CI 71–86%). No significant differences in favorable and excellent 3‑month outcomes, 3‑month mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were found between the groups of patients who underwent EVT and the group of patients who received best medical treatment only.

Conclusion

These results support the feasibility and safety of EVT in iPCAO, but do not show an outcome benefit with EVT compared to best medical treatment. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate treatment benefit of EVT in these patients.