bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CH3CN@open‐C60: An Effective Inner‐Space Modification and Isotope Effect Inside a Nano‐Sized Flask
Authors: Huang Guanglin , Ide Yuki , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Hirose Takashi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: June 2023

Despite several small molecules being encapsulated inside cage‐opened fullerene derivatives, such species have not considerably affected the structures and properties of the outer carbon cages. Herein, we achieved an effective inner‐space modification for an open‐cage C60 derivative by insertion of a neutral CH3CN molecule into the cavity. The CH3CN@open‐C60 thus obtained showed an enhanced polarity, thus affording an easy separation from a mixture containing the empty cage by column chromatography on silica gel, without the preparative HPLC that was needed for previous cases. The less negative reduction potentials with respect to those of empty cage reflect the decreased energy level of the LUMO, which is supported by the DFT calculations. NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, and theoretical calculations revealed that both the presence of the encapsulated CH3CN and cage deformation caused by the CH3CN play an essential role in the change of the electronic properties. Furthermore, the favored binding affinity of deuterated acetonitrile CD3CN with internal C60 surface is discussed.
Light‐Cleavable Auxiliary for Diselenide–Selenoester Ligations of Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Schrems Maximilian , Kravchuk Alexander V. , Niederacher Gerhard , Exler Florian , Bello Claudia , Becker Christian F. W.
Published: June 2023

Diselenide–selenoester ligations are increasingly used for the synthesis of proteins. Excellent ligation rates, even at low concentrations, in combination with mild and selective deselenization conditions can overcome some of the most severe challenges in chemical protein synthesis. Herein, the versatile multicomponent synthesis and application of a new ligation auxiliary that combines a photocleavable scaffold with the advantages of selenium‐based ligation strategies are presented. Its use was investigated with respect to different ligation junctions and describe a novel para‐methoxybenzyl deprotection reaction for the selenol moiety. The glycine‐based auxiliary enabled successful synthesis of the challenging target protein G‐CSF.
Inept N2 Activation of Tri‐Nuclear Nickel Complex with Labile Sulfur Ligands Facilitates Selective N2H4 Formation in Electrocatalytic Conversion of N2**
Authors: Kumar Ray Anuj , Paul Ankan
Published: June 2023

Conversion of N2 to the energy vector N2H4 under benign conditions is highly desirable. However, such N2 fixation processes are extremely rare. It has been recently reported that N2 to N2H4 conversion can be achieved electrochemically by using a trinuclear [Ni3(S2C3H6)4]2− complex (named as [Ni3S8]2−). There are hardly any precedents of Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) by molecular catalysts having Ni and the highly unusual selectivity for N2H4 over NH3 makes this electrochemical reduction unique. A systematic theoretical study employing calibrated Density Functional Theory to unearth the mechanisms of NRR (4e−/4H+) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2e−/2H+) was conducted for the aforementioned trinuclear Ni complex. Our findings unravel a curious case of ligand lability working in tandem with metal centers in facilitating this unprecedented electrocatalytic activity. Furthermore, it is shown that the poor N−N bond activation property of Ni is responsible for this unusual selectivity. Additionally, the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) mechanistic pathways have also been delineated in this report. The mechanistic intricacies thus unearthed in this study may assist in developing more efficient electrocatalysts for N2H4 production through NRR.
Mechanism of Acyl Group Migration in Carbohydrates
Authors: Lassfolk Robert , Leino Reko
Published: June 2023

Acyl group migration has been the subject of several studies. Such migration processes may cause problems during synthesis, isolation, and purification of different acyl‐bearing compounds, and have biological relevance, for example, in the metabolism of pharmaceuticals. Considering the recent evidence of acyl group migration being possible even over glycosidic bonds, it could be hypothesized to be involved also in the regulation of biological activity of natural polysaccharides in the host cells. Migrations are mostly observed in carbohydrates, typically having several hydroxyl groups near each other. Several studies have investigated the migration in a single or only a few different carbohydrate molecules, providing different suggestions for the mechanisms of migration, seldom supported by comprehensive computational investigations. In this concept article we discuss the recent progress on the mechanistic aspects of acyl group migration, with carbohydrates in particular focus.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes: Dual Reagents for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hippolyte Laura , Sadek Omar , Ba Sowid Salem , Porcheron Alexandre , Bridonneau Nathalie , Blanchard Sébastien , Desage‐El Murr Marine , Gatineau David , Gimbert Yves , Mercier Dimitri , Marcus Philippe , Chauvier Clément , Chanéac Corinne , Ribot François , Fensterbank Louis
Published: June 2023

N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have drawn considerable interest in the field of nanomaterials chemistry as highly stabilizing ligands enabling the formation of strong and covalent carbon–metal bonds. Applied to gold nanoparticles synthesis, the most common strategy consists of the reduction of a preformed NHC‐AuI complex with a large excess of a reducing agent that makes the particle size difficult to control. In this paper, we report the straightforward synthesis of NHC‐coated gold nanoparticles (NHC‐AuNPs) by treating a commercially available gold(I) precursor with an easy‐to‐synthesize NHC‐BH3 reagent. The latter acts as both the reducing agent and the source of surface ligands operating under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies including NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry demonstrate that the reduction of gold(I) generates NHC‐BH2Cl as a by‐product. This strategy gives efficient control over the nucleation and growth of gold particles by varying the NHC‐borane/gold(I) ratio, allowing unparalleled particle size variation over the range of 4.9±0.9 to 10.0±2.7 nm. Our strategy also allows an unprecedented precise and controlled seeded growth of gold nanoparticles. In addition, the as‐prepared NHC‐AuNPs exhibit narrow size distributions without the need for extensive purification or size‐selectivity techniques, and are stable over months.
Atypical subepidermal blistering disease following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Litaiem Noureddine , Ghannem Azza , Chabbouh Amal , Rammeh Soumaya , Sellami Maryam , Zeglaoui Faten
Published: June 2023

Atypical bullous disease after COVID‐19 vaccination.
Meroterpenoids Possessing Diverse Rearranged Skeletons with Anti‐inflammatory Activity from the Mangrove‐Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. HLLG‐122
Authors: Qin Yu‐Yue , Li Wan‐Shan , Zhang Xuan , Yu Zhang‐Xin , Li Xiao‐Bao , Chen Han‐Yi , Lv Yan‐Ru , Han Chang‐Ri , Chen Guang‐Ying
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Fifteen new meroterpenoids, littoreanoids A—O (1—15), including three rearranged skeleton meroterpenoids (1—3), were isolated from the mangrove‐derived fungus Penicillium sp. HLLG‐122. Compound 1 was a novel berkeleyacetal‐derived meroterpenoid featuring an unusual spirocyclic 2‐oxaspiro[5.5]undeca‐4,7‐dien‐3‐one moiety. Compound 2 possessed an unusual 6/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic system with a novel 1‐hydroxy‐7,7‐dimethyl‐2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐5‐yl acetate moiety. Compound 3 was an unusual 6/7/6/5/6/5/4 polycyclic systems containing a β‐lactone ring. The structures and absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. The plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1—3 were also proposed. Compounds 6 and 11 exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects with IC50 values of 30.41 and 19.02 μmol/L, respectively. The bioactive compound 11 was selected for the investigation of preliminary mechanism using molecular docking and Western blotting experiments. Compound 11 could suppress the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6, and down‐regulate the protein expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in RAW 264.7 cells.
Adverse events in children and adolescents undergoing allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergies—Report from the Allergen Immunotherapy Adverse Events Registry (ADER), a European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology taskforce
Authors: Asllani Julijana , Mitsias Dimitrios , Konstantinou George , Mesonjesi Eris , Xhixha Fatmira , Shehu Esmeralda , Christoff George , Noleva Katia , Makris Michael , Aggelidis Xenofon , Turkalj Mirjana , Damir Erceg , Agache Ioana , Tomic‐Spiric Vesna , Stosovic Rajica , Misirligil Zeynep , Kosnik Mitja , Popov Todor A. , Calderon Moises , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. ,   ADER study group
Published: June 2023

Background

Although it has been shown that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is well‐tolerated in children, systematic and prospective surveillance of AIT safety in real life settings is needed.

Methods

The multinational Allergen Immunotherapy Adverse Events Registry (ADER) was designed to address AIT safety in real life clinical practice. Data on children ≤18 years old with respiratory allergies undergoing AIT were retrieved. Patient‐ and AIT‐related features were collected and analyzed. The characteristics of adverse events (AE) and risk factors were evaluated.

Results

A total of 851 patients, 11.3 ± 3.4 years old, with rhinitis only (47.6%); asthma and rhinitis (44.5%); asthma (7.9%), receiving 998 AIT courses were analyzed. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) accounted for 51% of the courses. In 84.5% of patients only one AIT treatment was prescribed. Pollen was the most frequent sensitizer (57.1%), followed by mites (53.4%), molds (18.2%) and epithelia (16.7%). Local and systemic AEs were reported in 85 patients (9.9%). Most AEs (83.1%) were mild and occurred in <30 min (87%). Respiratory and cutaneous symptoms were more frequent. Only 4 patients (0.47%) had severe AE (none after 6 weeks of maintenance). The risk of AE was higher in patients undergoing SCIT.

Conclusions

AIT is safe and well tolerated in children and adolescents with respiratory allergies in real‐life clinical practice. Though SCIT is more prone to AE compared to SLIT, overall severe reactions are rare and occur during build‐up and early maintenance.
Heterophile carbohydrate antigen N‐glycolylneuraminic acid as a potential biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Akimoto Shuji , Tahara Hiroyuki , Yanagawa Senichiro , Ide Kentaro , Tanaka Yuka , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate even after radical hepatectomy. More optimal biomarkers may help improve recurrence and prognosis.

Methods

We investigated whether the oncological properties of N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) can participate in the prognosis of HCC. We evaluated the NeuGc antigen (Ag) expression in the HCC tissues and measured the preoperative anti‐NeuGc IgG antibodies (Abs) in the sera of the patients with HCC. We compared the clinical characteristics and survival rate in the hepatectomized patients (initial; n = 66, recurrent; n = 34) with and without the NeuGc Ag or Abs.

Results

Multivariate analyses showed positive expression of NeuGc Ag in HCC tissues (Odds ratio; initial = 6.3, recurrent = 14.0) and higher titers of preoperative anti‐NeuGc Ab (Odds ratio; initial = 4.9; recurrent = 3.8), which could be the predictive factors related to early recurrence. Both the NeuGc Ag‐positive and Ab‐positive groups in the initial hepatectomized patients exhibited significantly shorter recurrent free survival compared to those in the negative groups.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that anti‐NeuGc Ab titers and NeuGc Ag expression in the HCC tissues can be used as the predictive factors for the postoperative recurrence and prognosis of HCC.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Mirzakhani Sara , Yin Ben Hang , Masteri‐Farahani Majid , Yip Alex C. K.
Published: June 2023

Utilizing renewable energy to hydrogenate carbon dioxide into fuels eliminates massive CO2 emissions from the atmosphere and diminishes our need for using fossil fuels. This review presents the most recent developments for designing heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate, methanol, and C2+ hydrocarbons. Thermodynamic challenges and mechanistic insights are discussed, providing a strong foundation to propose a suitable catalyst. The main body of this review focuses on nanostructured catalysts for constructing efficient heterogeneous systems. The most important factors affecting catalytic performance are highlighted, including active metals, supports and promoters that can potentially be used. The summary of the results and the outlook are presented in the final section. During the past few decades, heterogeneous CO2 hydrogenation has gained much attention and made tremendous progress. Thus, many highly efficient catalysts have been studied to discover their active sites and provide mechanistic insights. This paper summarizes recent advances in CO2 hydrogenation and its conversion into various hydrocarbons such as formate, methanol, and C2+ products. As for formate production, Au and Ru nanocatalysts show superior activity. However, considering the catalyst cost, Cu‐based catalysts have an excellent prospect for methanol production, among other catalysts. Ultra‐small nanoparticles and nanoclusters appear promising to provide highly active cost‐effective catalysts. A growing number of researchers are investigating the possibility of directly synthesizing C2+ products through CO2 hydrogenation. The major challenge in producing heavy hydrocarbons is breaking the ASF limitations, which have been achieved over bifunctional catalysts using zeolites. Using suitable support and promoter can lead to a superior activity, ascribed to structural, electronic, and chemical promotional effects.
HCFC1 variants in the proteolysis domain are associated with X‐linked idiopathic partial epilepsy: Exploring the underlying mechanism
Authors: He Na , Guan Bao‐Zhu , Wang Jie , Liu Han‐Kui , Mao Yong , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Yin Fei , Peng Jing , Xiao Bo , Tang Bei‐sha , Zhou Dong , Huang Guang , Dai Qi‐Lin , Zeng Ying , Han Hong , Zhai Qiong‐Xiang , Li Bin , Tang Bin , Li Wen‐Bin , Song Wang , Liu Liu , Shi Yi‐Wu , Li Bing‐Mei , Su Tao , Zhou Peng , Liu Xiao‐Rong , Guo Li‐Wu , Yi Yong‐Hong , Liao Wei‐Ping
Published: June 2023

Background

HCFC1 encodes transcriptional co‐regulator HCF‐1, which undergoes an unusual proteolytic maturation at a centrally located proteolysis domain. HCFC1 variants were associated with X‐linked cobalamin metabolism disorders and mental retardation‐3. This study aimed to explore the role of HCFC1 variants in common epilepsy and the mechanism underlying phenotype heterogeneity.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 313 patients with idiopathic partial (focal) epilepsy. Functional studies determined the effects of the variants on the proteolytic maturation of HCF‐1, cell proliferation and MMACHC expression. The role of HCFC1 variants in partial epilepsy was validated in another cohort from multiple centers.

Results

We identified seven hemizygous HCFC1 variants in 11 cases and confirmed the finding in the validation cohort with additional 13 cases and six more hemizygous variants. All patients showed partial epilepsies with favorable outcome. None of them had cobalamin disorders. Functional studies demonstrated that the variants in the proteolysis domain impaired the maturation by disrupting the cleavage process with loss of inhibition of cell growth but did not affect MMACHC expression that was associated with cobalamin disorder. The degree of functional impairment was correlated with the severity of phenotype. Further analysis demonstrated that variants within the proteolysis domain were associated with common and mild partial epilepsy, whereas those in the kelch domain were associated with cobalamin disorder featured by severe and even fatal epileptic encephalopathy, and those in the basic and acidic domains were associated with mainly intellectual disability.

Conclusion

HCFC1 is potentially a candidate gene for common partial epilepsy with distinct underlying mechanism of proteolysis dysfunction. The HCF‐1 domains played distinct functional roles and were associated with different clinical phenotypes, suggesting a sub‐molecular effect. The distinct difference between cobalamin disorders and idiopathic partial epilepsy in phenotype and pathogenic mechanism, implied a clinical significance in early diagnosis and management.
Effect of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibition on SystEmic Right VEntricular size and function. A multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial: SERVE
Authors: Greutmann Matthias , Tobler Daniel , Engel Reto , Heg Dik , Mueller Christian , Frenk André , Gabriel Harald , Rutz Tobias , Buechel Ronny R. , Willhelm Matthias , Trachsel Lukas , Freese Michael , Ruperti‐Repilado Francisco Javier , Valsangiacomo Buechel Emanuela , Beitzke Dietrich , Haaf Philip , Wustmann Kerstin , Schwitz Fabienne , Possner Mathias , Schwitter Juerg , Bouchardy Judith , Schwerzmann Markus ,   SERVE Investigators
Published: June 2023

Aims

In adults with congenital heart disease and systemic right ventricles, progressive right ventricular systolic dysfunction is common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Our aim was to assess the impact of the phosphodiesterase‐5‐inhibitor tadalafil on right ventricular systolic function.

Methods and results

This was a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multicentre superiority trial (NCT03049540) involving 100 adults with systemic right ventricles (33 women, mean age: 40.7 ± 10.7 years), comparing tadalafil 20 mg once daily versus placebo (1:1 ratio). The primary endpoint was the change in right ventricular end‐systolic volume after 3 years of therapy. Secondary endpoints were changes in right ventricular ejection fraction, exercise capacity and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration. Primary endpoint assessment by intention to treat analysis at 3 years of follow‐up was possible in 83 patients (42 patients in the tadalafil group and 41 patients in the placebo group). No significant changes over time in right ventricular end‐systolic volumes were observed in the tadalafil and the placebo group, and no significant differences between treatment groups (3.4 ml, 95% confidence interval −4.3 to 11.0, p = 0.39). No significant changes over time were observed for the pre‐specified secondary endpoints for the entire study population, without differences between the tadalafil and the placebo group.

Conclusions

In this trial in adults with systemic right ventricles, right ventricular systolic function, exercise capacity and neuro‐hormonal activation remained stable over a 3‐year follow‐up period. No significant treatment effect of tadalafil was observed. Further research is needed to find effective treatment for improvement of ventricular function in adults with systemic right ventricles.
A New Class of Two‐Deck Dicationic Heteropentalenes Existing by the Balance between Interdeck Aromaticity and Covalent P−P Bonding
Authors: Sushev Vyacheslav , Panova Yulia , Khristolyubova Alexandra , Zolotareva Natalia , Grishin Matvey , Rumyantcev Roman , Kozlova Ekaterina , Fukin Georgy , Kornev Alexander
Published: June 2023

A number of two‐deck dicationic 3a,6a‐diaza‐1,4‐diphosphapentalenes (DDP)2X2 (X=halogen or complex ion) have been characterized. Interdeck distances P(1)⋅⋅⋅P(3) and P(2)⋅⋅⋅P(4) in crystal structures, as a rule, significantly exceed the sum of covalent radii, however they are still within the sum of van der Waals radii. The 31P NMR data indicate that phosphorus atoms are equivalent in solution even at low temperatures (233 K). Based on DFT calculations, the formation of two equivalent P−P covalent bonds (<2.4 Å) is energetically unfavorable, despite the absence of steric barriers. The total energy of the model dication as a function of the P⋅⋅⋅P separation has a minimum at the P−P distance of 2.85 Å. This distance corresponds to the highest aromaticity index in the interdeck space (NICS(1.0)=−20.72). The energy of interdeck interactions is estimated at 10–15 kcal/mol.
Drying of Compact and Porous NCM Cathode Electrodes in Different Multilayer Architectures: Influence of Layer Configuration and Drying Rate on Electrode Properties
Authors: Klemens Julian , Burger David , Schneider Luca , Spiegel Sandro , Müller Marcus , Bohn Nicole , Bauer Werner , Ehrenberg Helmut , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: June 2023

Porous, nanostructured particles ensure the wetting of electrolyte up to the particle core and shortened diffusion paths, which is relevant not only for lithium‐ion batteries but also for postlithium systems like sodium‐ion batteries. The porous structure leads to a high C‐rate capability. However, compared to conventional compact NCM, porous NCM shows a reduced adhesion force but no or only slight negative influence on C‐rate capability by binder migration at higher drying rates. Herein, a multilayer concept is used to increase the adhesion force with equal or better electrochemical performance compared to single‐layer electrodes. Compact particles of high volumetric energy density and porous particles with high C‐rate capability are combined in a simultaneously coated multilayer electrode. Multilayers with compact NCM toward the current collector and porous NCM with reduced binder content toward the separator side show an about 16‐times higher adhesion force at lower drying rate and an about ten‐times higher adhesion force at increased drying rate compared to electrodes produced of porous NCM only. The specific discharge capacity of the multilayers is increased by 88% at the lower and 67% at the higher drying rate for a discharge rate of 3C compared to a single layer with compact NCM.
Parasitic Effects in Impedance Spectrum of PEM Water Electrolysis Cells: Case Study of High‐Frequency Inductive Effects
Authors: Franzetti Irene , Pushkarev Artem , Chan Ai-Lin , Smolinka Tom
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool to characterize and distinguish electrochemical, electrical, and diffusive processes in an electrolysis cell. The EIS response with small impedance (mΩ) depends on components and materials of the cell, but often also on the electrical setup, cables, and connectors, leading to incorrect conclusions about the performance of the electrolysis cells. These parasitic effects are assessed via a short‐circuit measurement and confirmed to be external from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In the setup, the inductive characteristic is described by a modified inductive reactance and must be included in the equivalent circuit model (ECM) which is fitting the cell EIS spectra in operation (in situ). If points of the spectra showing inductive characteristic (belowx‐axis in Nyquist plot) are excluded from the ECM evaluation, an artificially increased ohmic resistance at high frequencies is obtained. In addition, considerations on other components of the ECM can be misleading and significantly incorrect. The only way to avoid that inductive behavior caused by the external setup is incorrectly assigned to the ECM describing properties of the MEA is to include the inductive effects in the ECM analysis of in situ EIS measurements.
Suspended sediment deposition and sediment yields at Lake Peters, northeast Brooks Range, Alaska: Fluvial‐ and lake‐based approaches
Authors: Thurston Lorna Louise , Schiefer Erik , McKay Nicholas P. , Kaufman Darrell S.
Published: June 2023

Lake‐based studies can provide seasonal‐ to millennial‐scale records of sediment yield to improve our understanding of catchment‐scale sediment transfer and complement shorter fluvial‐based sediment transport studies. In this study, sediment accumulation rates at 40 coring locations in Lake Peters, Brooks Range, Alaska, over ca. 42 years, calculated using fallout radionuclides and sediment density patterns, were spatially modelled based on distance from the primary inflow and lake water depth. We estimated mean interdecadal specific sediment yield (Mg km−2 year−1) using the spatially modelled sediment accumulation rates and compared that result to fluvial‐based sediment delivery for 2015–2016 open‐channel seasons, as well as to yields reported for other Arctic catchments. Using the lake‐based method, mean yield to Lake Peters between ca. 1973 and 2015 was 52 ± 12 Mg km−2 year−1, which is comparable with fluvial‐based modelling results of 33 (20–60) Mg km−2 year−1 in 2015 and 79 (50–140) Mg km−2 year−1 in 2016 (95% confidence intervals), respectively. Although 2016 was a year of above average sedimentation, the last extreme depositional event probably occurred between ca. 1970 and 1976 when a basal layer of fine sand was deposited in a broadly distributed, relatively thick and coarse bed, which we used for lake‐wide correlation. The dual lacustrine–fluvial method approach permits study of within‐lake and catchment‐scale processes. Within Lake Peters, sedimentation patterns show decreasing fluxes down‐lake, sediment bypassing near the primary inflow, the influence of secondary inflows and littoral redistribution, and a focusing effect in the deep proximal basin. At the watershed scale, sediment yield is largely driven by intense summer rainfall and strong seasonal hydroclimatic variability. This research informs paleo‐environmental reconstruction and environmental system modelling in Arctic lake catchments.
Harmonizing the rural Indigenous family: Mestiza gender trustees and the gendered modernization of rural Mexico
Authors: Pacheco Raquel
Published: June 2023

The 2018 film Roma popularized the idea that domestic work is a site through which female employers and employees can support one another as they confront the relegation of reproductive labor to women. Echoes of this narrative can be heard in the workshops provided to Nahua men and women of the Huasteca region of Mexico by what I call gender trustees who are bent on modernizing rural men and women. This modernization is imagined as gender progress—one in which men and women come to redistribute housework and to adopt a dual earning marital model in which women work outside the home rather than as peasant women or housewives. These feminist notions of the good, therefore, demonstrate an affinity with neoliberal narratives of modernization that seek to move the Mexican rural population away from small‐scale farming and into the service and maquila sectors of the economy. The ungendering experiences of Indigenous women domestic workers suggest that both the sororal narrative epitomized by the dominant interpretation of Roma as well as the idea that paid work makes women equal vis‐à‐vis their husbands continue to sanitize and euphemize the highly gendered and racialized and settler colonial labor niche which is domestic work.
Effect of blue light on the cell viability of A549 lung cancer cells and investigations into its possible mechanism
Authors: Jiang Hui , Qin Haokuan , Sun Miao , Lin Shangfei , Yang Jiali , Liu Muqing
Published: June 2023

Blue light has attracted extensive attention as a new potential cancer therapy. Recent studies have indicated that blue light has a significant inhibition effect on A459 cells. However, the effect of light parameters on the treatment of A549 cells and the mechanism of how blue light made the effect was still unclear. This study aimed to investigate A549 cells responses to blue light with varying irradiance and dose‐dense, and tried to find out the mechanism of the effects blue light made. The results suggested that the responses of A549 cells to blue light with different irradiance and dose‐dense were different and the decrease of cell viability reached saturation when the irradiance reached 3 mW/cm2 and the dose‐dense reached 3.6 J/cm2. It was assumed that blue light suppressed PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted the expression of JNK and p53 to affect the proliferation of A549 cells.
Data for characterization of the optical properties of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) blood
Authors: Svendsen Eirik , Randeberg Lise L. , Føre Martin , Finstad Bengt , Olsen Rolf Erik , Bloecher Nina , Alfredsen Jo Arve
Published: June 2023

Photoplethysmography is a recent addition to physio‐logging in Atlantic salmon which can be used for pulse oximetry provided that the properties for light propagation in salmon tissues are known. In this work, optical properties of three constituents of Atlantic salmon blood have been characterized using a photo spectrometer in the VIS–NIR range (450–920 nm). Furthermore, Atlantic salmon blood cell size has been measured using a Coulter counter as part of light scattering property evaluations. Results indicate that plasma contributes little to scattering and absorption for wavelengths typically used in pulse oximetry as opposed to blood cells which are highly scattering. Extinction spectra for oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin indicate that Atlantic salmon hemoglobin is similar to that in humans. Pulse oximetry sensors originally intended for human applications may thus be used to estimate blood oxygenation levels for this species.
A supposedly objective thing I'll never use again: Word association and the quest for validity and reliability in emotional adjustment research from Carl Jung to Carl Rogers (1898–1927)
Authors: Fierro Catriel
Published: June 2023

As the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological method—Carl Gustav Jung's (1875–1961) word‐association “test”—in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902–1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word‐association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892–1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.
Sleep apnea severity in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation: Home sleep apnea‐test and polysomnography comparison
Authors: Tanaka Nobuaki , Okada Masato , Tanaka Koji , Onishi Toshinari , Hirao Yuko , Harada Shinichi , Kawahira Masatsugu , Koyama Yasushi , Fujii Kenshi , Watanabe Heitaro , Okamura Atsunori , Sakata Yasushi , Iwakura Katsuomi
Published: June 2023

Background

Sleep apnea (SA) is highly prevalent and should be treated in patients referred for catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF). Watch‐type peripheral arterial tonometry (WP) for home SA testing has demonstrated a high correlation of the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) with Polysomnography (PSG), but the evidence of its accuracy in AF patients is not adequate.

Methods

This study was conducted under a retrospective, single‐center, observational design. We included 464 consecutive AF patients (age 65 ± 11 years, 76.5% male, 45.0% paroxysmal‐AF) who received both WP and PSG during the periprocedural period of the CA. We compared the AHI using the WP (WP‐AHI) to that using PSG (PSG‐AHI).

Results

The WP‐AHI was 25.9 ± 12.7 and PSG‐AHI 31.4 ± 18.9 (r = .48). Among 325 patients with a WP‐AHI < 30, 116 (35.7%) exhibited a PSG‐AHI ≥ 30. Only 12.5% of the patients were indicated for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment only by the WP‐AHI, while 70.9% were indicated for CPAP by the PSG‐AHI according to the Japanese health insurance system. The best cut‐off value of the WP‐AHI was 18.1 to predict a PSG‐AHI ≥ 20 with an area under the curve of 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.76).

Conclusions

The WP‐AHI and PSG‐AHI were weakly correlated in AF patients receiving CA. About one‐third of the patients with moderate SA using the WP was diagnosed with severe SA evaluated by PSG. The majority required PSG for the CPAP indication.
LncRNA CDKN2B‐AS1 interacts with LIN28B to exacerbate sepsis‐induced acute lung injury by inducing HIF‐1α/NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Miao Run‐Feng , Tu Jing
Published: June 2023

Sepsis‐associated acute lung injury (ALI) is a life‐threatening condition in intensive care units with high mortality. LncRNAs have been confirmed to participate in the underlying pathogenesis of septic ALI. This study investigated the biological functions of lncRNA CDKN2B‐AS1 in septic ALI and its potential mechanism.BEAS‐2B cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mice were subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce septic ALI in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of CDKN2B‐AS1, LIN28B, HIF‐1α, and pyroptosis‐related molecules were assessed by qRT–PCR or Western blotting. The production of IL‐1β and IL‐18 was detected by ELISA. BEAS‐2B cell pyroptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The interaction between LIN28B and CDKN2B‐AS1/HIF‐1α was validated by RIP and RNA pull‐down assays. Colocalization of CDKN2B‐AS1 and LIN28B was observed by FISH. ALI was determined by HE staining, the lung wet‐to‐dry (W/D) weight ratio, inflammatory cell numbers, and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Caspase‐1 expression in the lung tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining.CDKN2B‐AS1 was upregulated in BEAS‐2B cells after LPS stimulation. CDKN2B‐AS1 knockdown inhibited pyroptosis in LPS‐exposed BEAS‐2B cells in vitro and the lung tissues of septic mice in vivo. Mechanistically, CDKN2B‐AS1 interacted with LIN28B to enhance HIF‐1α stability. Rescue experiments showed that HIF‐1α overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effect of sh‐CDKN2B‐AS1 on LPS‐induced pyroptosis. CDKN2B‐AS1 bound to LIN28B to trigger NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis by stabilizing HIF‐1α, which promoted sepsis‐induced ALI. CDKN2B‐AS1 might be a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
A retrospective study of 134 patients with cervical region Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease
Authors: Liu Jianzhi , Zheng Qiaoling , Shi Liangwen , Zhao Zhiwei , Chen Xuxiang , Wang Taiqin , Chen Xiaoqiang
Published: June 2023

Background

To explore the clinical and laboratory features, therapy and prognosis of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) in the cervical region.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 134 patients who were diagnosed and treated with KFD from January 2000 to May 2022 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (Fujian, China). Their clinical characteristics, affected lymph node size, imaging examinations, and laboratory study results were analyzed.

Results

The mean patient age was 24.9 years, and the male–female ratio was 1:1.73. Fever (55.2%, n = 74) was the most common clinical manifestation. Leukopenia (49.3%) was the commonest reported laboratory abnormality. A majority (65.7%) of the 134 patients presented with bilateral nodal involvement.

Conclusion

KFD should be considered as a possible diagnosis in a female patient under the age of 30 presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, leukopenia, and elevated LDH.

Level of Evidence

4.
Chemobrain in blood cancers: How chemotherapeutics interfere with the brain's structure and functionality, immune system, and metabolic functions
Authors: Skurlova M. , Holubova K. , Kleteckova L. , Kozak T. , Kubova H. , Horacek J. , Vales K.
Published: June 2023

Cancer treatment brings about a phenomenon not fully clarified yet, termed chemobrain. Its strong negative impact on patients' well‐being makes it a trending topic in current research, interconnecting many disciplines from clinical oncology to neuroscience. Clinical and animal studies have often reported elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in various types of blood cancers. This inflammatory burst could be the background for chemotherapy‐induced cognitive deficit in patients with blood cancers. Cancer environment is a dynamic interacting system. The review puts into close relationship the inflammatory dysbalance and oxidative/nitrosative stress with disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB breakdown leads to neuroinflammation, followed by neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. High levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the progression of cancer resulting in increased mutagenesis, conversion of protooncogenes to oncogenes, and inactivation of tumor suppression genes to trigger cancer cell growth. These cell alterations may change brain functionality, as well as morphology. Multidrug chemotherapy is not without consequences to healthy tissue and could even be toxic. Specific treatment impacts brain function and morphology, functions of the immune system, and metabolism in a unique mixture. In general, a chemo‐drug's effects on cognition in cancer are not direct and/or in‐direct, usually a combination of effects is more probable. Last but not least, chemotherapy strongly impacts the immune system and could contribute to BBB disruption. This review points out inflammation as a possible mechanism of brain damage during blood cancers and discusses chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment.
A triple‐band frequency selective surface for 5G millimeter‐wave communications
Authors: Gürdal Senanur , Aksimsek Sinan , Tokan Nurhan T.
Published: June 2023

In this letter, a new triple‐band millimeter‐wave frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. The proposed FSS structure consists of three slot‐based resonance mechanisms on the single layer of Rogers Diclad880 dielectric. It shows a high compactness with a unit cell surface area of 5.4 × 5.4 mm2. The proposed FSS exhibits a triple‐band bandpass filter characteristics for the allocated 5G millimeter‐wave frequency regions with sufficient bandwidths corresponding to 23.5–24.6, 27–28.5, and 37.5–41 GHz, respectively. Simulation outcomes reveal that the FSS poses polarization insensitive behavior, and maintains high transmission skill for a wide range of incident angles up to 40°. A 40 × 40 FSS panel is fabricated, and the experimental verification is carried out. The outcomes prove that the proposed FSS is suitable for multiband 5G millimeter‐wave filtering applications.
Bone‐GAN: Generation of virtual bone microstructure of high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Thomsen Felix S. L. , Iarussi Emmanuel , Borggrefe Jan , Boyd Steven K. , Wang Yue , Battié Michele C.
Published: June 2023

Background

Data‐driven development of medical biomarkers of bone requires a large amount of image data but physical measurements are generally too restricted in size and quality to perform a robust training.

Purpose

This study aims to provide a reliable in silico method for the generation of realistic bone microstructure with defined microarchitectural properties. Synthetic bone samples may improve training of neural networks and serve for the development of new diagnostic parameters of bone architecture and mineralization.

Methods

One hundred‐fifty cadaveric lumbar vertebrae from 48 different male human spines were scanned with a high resolution peripheral quantitative CT. After prepocessing the scans, we extracted 10,795 purely spongeous bone patches, each with a side length of 32 voxels (5 mm) and isotropic voxel size of 164 μm. We trained a volumetric generative adversarial network (GAN) in a progressive manner to create synthetic microstructural bone samples. We then added a style transfer technique to allow the generation of synthetic samples with defined microstructure and gestalt by simultaneously optimizing two entangled loss functions. Reliability testing was performed by comparing real and synthetic bone samples on 10 well‐understood microstructural parameters.

Results

The method was able to create synthetic bone samples with visual and quantitative properties that effectively matched with the real samples. The GAN contained a well‐formed latent space allowing to smoothly morph bone samples by their microstructural parameters, visual appearance or both. Optimum performance has been obtained for bone samples with voxel size 32 × 32 × 32, but also samples of size 64 × 64 × 64 could be synthesized.

Conclusions

Our two‐step‐approach combines a parameter‐agnostic GAN with a parameter‐specific style transfer technique. It allows to generate an unlimited anonymous database of microstructural bone samples with sufficient realism to be used for the development of new data‐driven methods of bone‐biomarkers. Particularly, the style transfer technique can generate datasets of bone samples with specific conditions to simulate certain bone pathologies.
Non‐iterative Green's function approach for 2D unbounded heterogeneous fluid‐saturated media
Authors: Mesquita Leonardo C. , Sotelino Elisa D. , Peres Matheus L. , Leroy Yves M.
Published: June 2023

The Green's function approach (GFA) developed in previous work uses the classical Green's function for point load (Kelvin's fundamental solution, Melan's fundamental solution, and others) and the reciprocity theorem to capture changes in the displacement, strain, and stress fields of a geological formation subjected to the processes of extraction or injection of fluids. The great advantage of this method compared to the classical finite element method (FEM) is that it does not require the imposition of boundary conditions and the problem analysis can be performed considering only the reservoir or other regions of interest. In the original version of the GFA, the displacement field is calculated using an iterative numerical scheme, which decreases the computational performance of the method and may present convergence problems. Such limitations have made it difficult to use the GFA in real problems. The present work proposes a non‐iterative numerical scheme capable of expanding the applicability of GFA and, simultaneously, improving its computational performance. The results presented in this work demonstrate that using this numerical scheme, the GFA consumes up to 17.5 times less CPU time compared to iterative scheme and this relationship can be even greater if the heterogeneity of the material increases. Using a geological profile constructed from seismic images of the Brazilian pre‐salt (Tupi field located in the Santos basin), it is shown that the non‐iterative GFA allows the analysis of complex geological formations.
Balloon Dilation Eustachian Tuboplasty for Dilatory Dysfunction With and Without Effusion: A Comprehensive Outcome Analysis
Authors: Lin Jung‐Ting , Hsu Heng‐Jui , Ho Chen‐Yu , Tsai Shu‐Wei , Li Yi‐Lu , Wu Jiunn‐Liang
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed (1) to demonstrate the efficacy of balloon dilation Eustachian tuboplasty (BDET) for dilatory Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and (2) to determine whether adjunctive ventilation tube insertion (VTI) is superior to myringotomy in relieving symptoms for patients with ETD and concurrent middle ear effusion (MEE) treated with BDET.

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care academic center.

Methods

Patients with dilatory ETD undergoing BDET with a ≥6‐month follow‐up period were enrolled and evaluated mainly using Eustachian tube function (ETF) tests and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire‐7 (ETDQ‐7). Participants with concurrent MEE were further classified into 2 subgroups, BDET with VTI and BDET with myringotomy. An intergroup comparison and comprehensive outcome evaluation were performed.

Results

In total, 35 patients with 50 symptomatic ears were enrolled. According to ETF test results, the normalized ETF rate was 94% on the last visit. The mean ETDQ‐7 scores decreased significantly from 3.7 ± 1.4 to 2.0 ± 0.9 after interventions, with the most improvement in symptoms occurring for “ear fullness” and “muffled hearing.” For the final visit, strong correlations among ETF tests, tympanometry, and Valsalva results were noted. The aforementioned assessment results did not significantly differ between (1) the patients with MEE and patients without MEE and (2) “BDET with VTI” subgroup and “BDET with myringotomy” subgroup.

Conclusion

BDET was effective for dilatory ETD, even in cases with concurrent MEE. For patients with ETD and MEE, further research is required to evaluate the benefits of adjunctive myringotomy with or without VTI.
Comparison of Remimazolam and Propofol for Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Jianxi , Zhang Yiying , Fang Xing , Weng Lili , Zhu Sha , Luo Ning , Huang Donghai , Guo Qulian , Huang Changsheng
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare the efficacy and safety of remimazolam with those of propofol for drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Study Design

A prospective, single‐center, randomized clinical trial.

Setting

Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.

Methods

Patients with OSAHS receiving DISE were randomly assigned to either the remimazolam or propofol group. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia (pulse oxygen saturation [SpO2] < 90%) during DISE. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of severe hypoxemia (SpO2 < 80%), the minimal value of SpO2, sedation success rate (completion of DISE according to the medication regimen), and incidence of events of interest (including injection pain, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory rate).

Results

Sixty‐four patients were included in this study. The incidence of hypoxemia was significantly lower in the remimazolam than in the propofol group (25.00% vs 62.50%, respectively; relative risk, 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20‐0.74; p < .01). There was no significant difference in the sedation success rate between the remimazolam and propofol groups (96.88% vs 81.25%, respectively; relative risk, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.50; p = .10). The incidence of at least 1 event of interest was lower in the remimazolam than in the propofol group (43.75% vs 96.88%, respectively; relative risk, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.63; p < .01).

Conclusion

Remimazolam can present satisfactory sedative efficacy in DISE, with a lower incidence of hypoxemia and a higher safety profile than propofol.