bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the Control of Visible Particles in Sterile Devices
Authors: Ashtekar Dilip
Published: December 2021

Currently, limited guidance is available for the contamination control of visible particles for the manufacture of sterile devices; thus, a comprehensive guidance is warranted. Sterile devices require stringent control of visible particulates to ensure proper functionality, performance assurance of sterility, reliability, patient safety, efficacy, and product quality. This paper outlines practical and science-based strategies to prevent/minimize visible particle contamination from non-process related extrinsic and process related intrinsic sources. Witness plates are proposed as a comprehensive strategy for the real time detection of visible particles, sources of extrinsic and intrinsic visible particles, and methods to identify particle types. Implementing the control measures described herein, which include air ionization units for the control and neutralization of static charges, would maximize device yield and quality, thus reducing rework and leading to increased profitability. Installing validated air ionization systems at appropriate manufacturing and processing locations, storage, product transfer areas, and gown-up rooms can significantly reduce visible particle contamination accumulation, dispersion, and yield losses. Implementing effective material transfer practices can further minimize the risk of introduction of unwanted particles and particle dispersion within classified areas. Also described are additional control measures, such as material systems and supply chain controls, good facility design, gowning practices, manufacturing equipment and tool controls, and manual visual inspections which would further contribute to the overall reduction of particle burden. Crucial elements of an effective particle removal process are the dry and wet cleaning processes and the facility surveillance program. Process-product-particle traceability matrices can serve as effective tools to promptly identify trends and reduce device conformity defects. For this paper, the meaning of the term particle only includes particulates and particulate matter. Microbial contamination control approaches, including facility decontamination, are outside the scope of this paper.
Financial market as a category of financial law
Authors: Chistyukhin V. V.
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the financial market as a category of financial law. The paper analyzes the doctrinal definitions of the concept under consideration, investigates the essence of the relations developing in the financial market, and classifies financial markets on various grounds.
The features of the legal status of the operator of the information system in which digital financial assets are issued, and of the operator of the exchange of digital financial assets as organizations that provide digital financial technologies
Authors: Rozhdestvenskaya T. E. , Guznov A. G.
Published: December 2021

The rapid development of digital technologies has led to the emergence of several new types of financial institutions in Russia recently, which, by using digital financial technologies, create additional opportunities for recipients of financial services. Such entities, in particular, include the operator of the information system in which the digital financial assets are issued, and the operator of the exchange of digital financial assets. The article analyzes the features of their legal status as a new type of non-banking financial organizations. Particular attention is paid to the requirements of the current legislation to these organizations. The article also analyzes the role of Bank of Russia in the supervision of their activities.
Liberalization of foreign exchange regulation and control in the Russian Federation: status and trends
Authors: Artemov N. M. , Sergeev S. V.
Published: December 2021

. At present, due to the changing economic situation, in particular, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the question of the need for further liberalization of foreign exchange regulation and control in order to encourage real investment in Russia remains relevant. The liberalization process is the removal of restrictions on foreign exchange transactions between Russian currency residents and non-residents. When carrying out liberalization, the interests of society and the state should be taken into account in terms of national security and welfare.

Since the adoption of the legislation on currency regulation and currency control, currency restrictions have been weakened (in particular, the obligation to reserve currency and issue passports of transactions in cross-border transactions has been canceled). Liberalization of foreign exchange legislation continues systematically at the present time. At the same time, against the background of liberalization, more and more noticeable is the increasing attention of the state to the property and income of foreign currency residents abroad in order to “whitewash” the economy.
Review of the conference «Modern financial legislation as a factor in the development of the digital economy»
Authors: Gracheva E. Yu. , Arzumanova L. L. , Moshkova D. M. , Sobol O. S.
Published: December 2021

The publication provides a brief overview of the main current reports and speeches of leading representatives of science and practice in the field of financial and tax law. Traditionally, the forum held two days of active work of sections on financial law and tax law.
Профессиональная социализация и организационная культура предприятия
Authors: Солнышкина Марина Георгиевна , Николаев Станислав Юрьевич
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы влияния организационной культуры на профессиональную социализацию сотрудников на примере ПАО «Газпром нефть». Корпоративная идентичность представлена как важнейший результат профессиональной социализации. Изучены факторы формирования корпоративной идентичности в социокультурной среде предприятия в соответствии с концепцией социальной ответственности бизнеса.
Телевидение как институт культурной социализации молодежи
Authors: Гришина Алина Олеговна
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается телевидение как один из институтов культурной социализации молодого поколения, его базовые элементы, особенности и функции.
Social Capital and Firm Performance: The Tourism Market Case
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Orekhova Svetlana , Zarutskaya Vera ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: December 2021

There has been a shift in the management of organizations from separation to networking among market participants. Social capital has a significant role among the enforcing mechanisms in specific markets. The study assesses the impact of the level of social capital on the effectiveness of a network-based organization. The methodological framework of the research includes a set of neoinstitutional theories and strategic management, among which the key ones are the theories of networks, social capital, and transaction costs. Research methods in the theoretical part of the paper are synthesis, typology, and content analysis. The information base of the study is a survey and statistical reporting of 101 tourist organizations of the Russian Sverdlovsk region for 2017–2020. We identify structural, relational, and cognitive components of an organization's social capital and establish the impact of the components of social capital on the growth rate of revenue and the growth rate of profitability of sales in Russian tourism for two (2017–2019) and three (2017–2020) years. There are positive and negative effects of the social capital impact in the organization. The social structure (structural component of social capital) and behavioral practices (relational and cognitive components) ensure the sustainability and growth of the business. However, neglecting market-based transaction management mechanisms risks reducing the growth of network «embeddedness» and the organization's performance.
Differentiation of Stakeholders' Impact on Ecosystem Institutions
Authors:   Ural Institute of Management RANEPA, Popov Evgeny ,   Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of RAS
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the differentiation of the impact of stakeholders on the institutional configuration of the microeconomic ecosystem. The object of this study was the stakeholders of the microeconomic ecosystem. The study scope is the economic relations between the subjects of economic activity on the impact on the formation and institutional development of the microeconomic ecosystem. The analysis of previous studies is carried out, and the main stakeholders of microeconomic ecosystems are identified. These include public organizations, consumers, suppliers, competitors, educational and scientific organizations, government authorities, and social media. The method of PEST analysis of the factors of the company's microenvironment identifies social, technological, economic, political and cultural institutions of the company's external environment. Based on the analysis of the results of published scientific research, various levels of influence (strong, medium, weak) of the main stakeholders on the institutional configuration of the microeconomic ecosystem are determined. It is shown that the uneven importance of stakeholders in the formation of the institutional configuration of the microeconomic ecosystem can be the basis for the development of strategic plans for the development of ecosystems.
The Economy of The Song Dynasty or The Experience of Failed Modernization: The Boundaries of Institutional Corridors
Authors:   Institute of Economics RAS, Kruglova Maria
Published: December 2021

The article contributes to institutional matrices theory (Kirdina, 2011). On the reforms carried out in China during the Song Dynasty in the second half of the XI century, the hypothesis of the existence of so-called "institutional corridors" is considered. The "institutional corridor" implies a space limited by a set of certain institutions that define the principles of decision-making and the boundaries of institutional environment reform. The article briefly describes the economic situation of China during the Song dynasty, analyzes the main reforms carried out by the first Minister of the empire Wang Anshi and the reasons for their failure. The concept of jing ji is analyzed. Jing ji assumes an integrated approach to regulating the economy in China, based on Confucian ethics' moral and ethical concepts. The concept of jing ji has become the main one in regulating the economy in China. It is concluded that Confucian ideology during the implementation of the Wang Anshi reforms became the defining boundary of the "institutional corridor" of the variable that predetermined the failure of the reforms. The reforms of Wang Anshi, often called a Proto-Keynesian, went beyond the ideological "institutional corridor" and were therefore doomed to failure.
Political Participation and Request for Change: The Role of Education
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Latova Nataliya
Published: December 2021

The article tests the hypothesis, based on the concept of post-industrial society that people with higher education will be more politically active, especially in the manifestation of the demand for change. For this purpose, the materials of the All-Russian poll, organized in March 2021 by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are used to analyze the sociopolitical characteristics associated with political activism and the formation of a demand for change among different educational groups of Russians. The conclusion is made that, first, education in modern Russia does directly affect an individual's preparedness for political action: more educated Russians are more interested in the political life of the country and are more aware of their ability to influence the "rules of the game". Second, education does directly affect actual involvement in social and political activism. However, concerning conscious political participation, this effect relates not so much to everyday, regular, as to its extreme protest forms. Third, the education of Russians has no discernible correlation with the presence/absence of a liberal demand for change. In terms of meeting the minimum requirements for political participation, Russian educational groups currently correspond to the Western political science mainstream theory and the practices of developed countries. Nevertheless, the highlighted features of the political characteristics of Russians with higher and post-higher education (not all of the examined indicators are stable in dynamics, not all differences between educational groups are clearly expressed, and, in general, the participation of highly educated Russians in the political life of the country is rather formal) lead to the need for a more careful study of the findings not only of the Western scientific mainstream but also of alternative concepts of Third World researchers. In addition, it has been suggested that the emancipation of a group of highly educated Russians from the state is incomplete. Consequently, they are aware of their objectively central place and leading role in political life.
Institutes of Financial Socialization of Russian Students
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Malkina Marina , Rogachev Dmitry ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the factors influencing the financial socialization of Russian students. It provides an overview of research on the impact of family institutions (parental household), financial independence, and the maturity of financial behavior on the financial socialization of young people. We analyze the relationships between basic socio-demographic characteristics of Russian students (gender, age, marital status), their behavioral characteristics (risk preference, propensity for offense or unethical behavior, prodigality, credulity), and socio-economic characteristics (level of financial status, financial independence, financial maturity). The empirical part of the study is based on the data of the author's survey of 1291 students from 17 Russian universities, processed by methods of statistical, correlation, and econometric analysis. To assess the level of financial well-being, we develop an original methodology where the financial situation shows the availability of goods and services that are unaffordable to most members of this group. Likewise, financial maturity is the students' proficiency in financial instruments poorly mastered by the majority of other respondents. The survey revealed a significant financial dependence of Russian students on their parents and their low level of financial maturity. We found an increased level of credulity and a low level of propensity for offense or unethical behavior; established positive correlation between the risk preference and the propensity for offense or unethical behavior, between the level of credulity and prodigality. We established that as financial dependence on parents gradually decreases, young people make more mature financial decisions, and their growing risk preference is replaced by a shift to more prudent financial practices. In groups where young people provide for themselves, their assessments of their financial situation rise sharply from a certain point, and the level of prodigality decreases. The constructed model of ordered logit regression showed a significant positive effect of age, marital and employment status, risk preference and level of financial maturity, as well as a significant negative effect of prodigality and credulity on financial independence of Russian students. The research results are applicable for the further development of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of effective financial behavior of young people and the management of student financial socialization processes.
Public Education Policy and Youth Precariat
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Maslyukova Elena , Maskaev Artyom ,   Southern Federal University, Pokusaenko Mariya ,   Southern Federal University
Published: December 2021

The study analyzes precarization in the context of state educational policy and university graduates' employment. The literature review was prepared by the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The data of the three focus groups formed an empirical basis for identifying and analyzing institutional factors related to public education policy. The hypothesis that higher education programs do not meet the needs of the modern labor market has been confirmed, which leads to unstable employment of graduates. The reasons for unstable youth employment are related to the gap between the educational and economic policies: inflated expectations, lack of personal initiative, heterogeneity in the quality of higher education, the particularities of industries and professions, as well as the specificities of the Russian labor market. There are mechanisms to overcome negative effects and adapt to technological, institutional, and economic changes. These mechanisms include developing a state system for supporting young specialists, improving the institutions of information interaction between universities, businesses, and graduates, creating horizontal networks of graduates to promote their interests in the labor market.
MOTA, Ricardo Fonseca. As aves não têm céu. Porto: Porto Editora, 2020.
Authors: Fonseca Carlos Henrique
Published: December 2021

MOTA, Ricardo Fonseca. As aves não tem céu. Porto: Porto Editora, 2020.O espaço que não temos.
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTICAST SERVICE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS REGULATION ON XG-PON OLT EQUIPMENT
Authors: Solihah Nomarhinta , Nashiruddin Muhammad Imam
Published: December 2021

Today the deployment of Fiber-To-The-x (FTTx) technology is developing very rapidly in various regions of Indonesia. One of the most favorite technologies for telecommunication operators is the XG-PON, which offers high-speed internet access speeds of 10Gbps downstream and 2.5Gbps upstream directions and able to pass various services at once, such as data, voice, to video multicast (IPTV) services. However, regulation of the standardization of technical requirements for multicast services does not include this new technology, so a reference test is needed to update the regulations. In this study, testing of Optical Line Termination (OLT) devices uses five scenarios, namely the ability to pass IGMP version 2, IGMP version 3, ability to support IGMP Snooping and IGMP proxy and capacity in passing several IGMP multicast groups. The test results show that the tested OLT XGPON device can display the suitability of the IGMP message format version 2 with the RFC 2236 standard and IGMP version 3 with the RFC 3376 Standard. Whereas in IGMP proxy testing traffic, the OLT equipment displays the source IP address is 0.0.0.0, which complies with the RFC 4541 standard for the Reporting proxy process. The OLT XG-PON device tested was also capable of passing 1,024 IGMP multicast groups with a range of multicast group addresses from 239.1.1.1 to 239.1.5.1.
Synergy of Over the Top Services Operation and Telecommunication Operators in Indonesia
Authors: Gultom Amry Daulat
Published: December 2021

reform program. One part of the program is issuing online business licenses. As a form of compliance, the Ministry of Trade (MoT) needs to implement the Integrated Trade Licensing System (ITLS), where the system’s values will be made possible through a collaboration between government agencies. This condition illustrates a self-organizing network of organizations where each agency will be able to contribute its values and result in a new set of values. This concept is aligned with the extended organization. This paper aims to examine how ITLS can successfully work through government agencies’ collaboration in an extended organization. The research methodology used a qualitative approach by collecting data through documentation study, observation, and interviews. The study found that trade licenses can only be issued if the value given by the extended organization is sent to ITLS with the assistance of information technology (IT). This research is expected to be a lesson learned of extended organization concept in government agencies.
Implementation Scheme SLA and Network Availability Mechanism for Customer Service Provider
Authors: Damanik Hillman Akhyar , Anggraeni Merry
Published: December 2021

Increasingly complex network heterogeneity and network monitoring tasks become the management concentration of a large distributed production infrastructure with various business services requiring a centralized control monitoring system, with increasing network size, heterogeneity and complexity. The network monitoring and management solutions available are not only expensive but also difficult to use, configure and maintain. Manually routing pins to the wrong device on a large complex network is very complicated and time-consuming for Service Provider (SP). Thus, it is necessary to have an automatic system that immediately reports to the network Service Provider (SP) monitoring system regarding the type of error or alert, Network Availability and Service Level Agreement (SLA). This research presents the modeling design and implementation of Network Availability and SLA network systems for Service Provider (SP) organizations, by being based on open-source programming tools (Zabbix System) and intelligently integrating to monitor network devices, especially to get Network Availability and SLA parameters and values on a customer or customer. Monitoring Customers devices in the network in the form of a module alert parameter that will be applied so that it is seen and can be said to be a universal Plug & Play technology concept (UPnP). Monitoring system developed will provide value and quality of service (qos) output parameters in the form of measuring and taking test value parameters Network Availability and SLA modeling, which will produce an accurate Service Level Agreement (SLA) value parameter test, and become a reference for an agreement between a service provider and a customer. As a guarantee or link availability for the services provided by Service Provide (SP) to customers. With the SLA value fulfilled at 99.9% with a 99.5% agreement, Network availability is met with a percentage of 98.89% and Down time with a percentage of only 1% of the agreement 2%, and the latency value of the terrestrial transmission media obtained is 2 ms, from the 8 ms agreement and the obtained VSAT transmission media is 500-600 ms from the agreement latency value is 700 ms.
Integration of Low Interaction Honeypot and ELK Stack as Attack Detection Systems on Servers
Authors: Mukti Fransiska Sisilia , Sukmawan R. Muhammad
Published: December 2021

The high need for information technology that can be accessed anywhere and anytime indirectly opens a big opportunity for irresponsible parties to attack and destroy the system. The server farm is one of the targets most hunted by attackers, intending to damage, and even retrieving victim data. One of the efforts to deal with this problem is to add server security by using honeypot. The existence of a honeypot is one of the efforts to prevent system hacking by creating a fake server to divert attackers access. In its application, the logs generated from the honeypot are only letters and numbers, making it difficult to analyze the logs. It became a problem it will being a lot of log data being processed. To make it easier for administrators in analyzing logs, a visualization system using the ELK Stack is proposed. Honeypot and ELK Stack integration can be a security system solution in detecting attacks while providing visualization to administrators. Five testing schemes were carried out to provide a comparative study between the low interaction honeypot Cowrie and Dionaea. Cowrie delivers a better performance detection system (real-time) compared to the detection system offered by Dionaea, and the average delay time is 3.75 seconds, while ELK managed to provide better monitoring results to administrators through its visualization.
Online Shopper Intention Analysis Using Conventional Machine Learning And Deep Neural Network Classification Algorithm
Authors: Cucu Ika Agustyaningrum  , Haris Muhammad , Aryanti Riska , Misriati Titik
Published: December 2021

The use of e-commerce throughout the world in recent years is very rapid. The continuous increase in sales shows that e-commerce has huge market potential. Store profits are derived from the process of assessing data to identify and classify online shopper intentions. The process of assessing the data uses conventional machine learning algorithms and deep neural networks. Comparison of algorithms in this study using the python programming language by knowing the value of Accuracy, F1-Score, Precision, Recall, and ROC AUC. The test results show that the accuracy of the deep neural network algorithm is 98.48%, the F1 score is 95.06%, precision is 97.36%, recall is 96.81% and AUC is 96.81%. So, based on this research, deep neural network data mining techniques can be an effective algorithm for online shopper intention data sets with cross-validation folds of 10, six hidden layer decoder-encoder variations, relu-sigmoid activation function, adagrad optimizer, and learning rate of 0.01 and no dropout. The value of this deep neural network algorithm is quite dominant compared to conventional machine learning algorithms and related research.
POLICY DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS APPLICATION AND CONTENTS SERVICE PROVIDERS ON DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM THROUGH OVER THE TOP
Authors: Setiawan Ahmad Budi
Published: December 2021

Increased use of smartphones and the availability of wireless broadband have encouraged the use of Internet-based platforms and services that often compete with similar services based on longer technology. For example services such as Facebook, Skype, and WhatsApp that offer voice or video calls over the Internet compete with traditional SMS and voice calls through telecommunications networks. Such a platform has gained popularity especially in developing countries because calling via the internet is much cheaper than making calls on telecommunications networks. These online applications and services change the traditional sector and change the landscape of the market economy. The increasing popularity of applications and services, often referred to by telecommunications regulators as "Over-the-Top" (OTT) services, brings new regulatory challenges to the government. Regulatory strategies are needed to be able to continue to develop digital ecosystems in Indonesia. This study is carried out qualitatively through literature studies. The output of this study produced recommendations for policies related to application service policies and content on digital ecosystems through the internet (Over The Top).
Information Technology Strategic Plan Using Ward and Peppard Method (Case Study of the Diploma Program of IPB University)
Authors: Baskoro Ringga Gilang
Published: December 2021

Vocational college Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) have utilized information technology (IT) to support business process. The problem is that existing information technology has not been effective in supporting the main business process. Data processing and information systems become one of the things that need to be improved. To apply information technology to align with the needs of business processes required a plan to minimize the occurrence of failure in the implementation phase. As the guidance and direction of IT Operation in each organization, IT Strategic Plan plays the very important role in organization. Many IT projects fail since there was no adequate IT planning.  The stages of IS strategy formulation are performed based on Ward & Peppard framework. IS and IT strategic plan formulated in this study consist of some components such: application portfolio, IT management and architecture recommendation in Vocational college Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). This study results of IT strategic plan formulation for Vocational College Bogor Agricultural University (IPB).
Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Model in Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ignatius Hartanto , Chandra Ricky , Bohdan Nicholas , Dharma Abdi
Published: December 2021

Untreated diabetes mellitus will cause complications, and one of the diseases caused by it is Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Machine learning is one of the methods that can be used to classify DR. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a branch of machine learning that can classify images with reasonable accuracy. The Messidor dataset, which has 1,200 images, is often used as a dataset for the DR classification. Before training the model, we carried out several data preprocessing, such as labeling, resizing, cropping, separation of the green channel of images, contrast enhancement, and changing image extensions. In this paper, we proposed three methods of DR classification: Simple CNN, Le-Net, and DRnet model. The accuracy of testing of the several models of test data was 46.7%, 51.1%, and 58.3% Based on the research, we can see that DR classification must use a deep architecture so that the feature of the DR can be recognized. In this DR classification, DRnet achieved better accuracy with an average of 9.4% compared to Simple CNN and Le-Net model.
“What’s on the earth is in the stars; and what’s in the stars is on the earth”: Lakota Relationships with the Stars and American Relationships with the Apocalypse
Authors: Kite Suzanne
Published: December 2021

How is colonialism connected to American relationships with extraterrestrial beings? This commentary analyzes contemporary and founding US mythologies as constant, calculated attempts for settlers to obtain indigeneity in this land stemming from a fear of the “unknown.” From Columbus’s arrival to the Boston Tea Party, from alien and UFO fervor to paranormal experiences, spiritualism, New Age, and American Wicca, American mythology endlessly recreates conspiracy theories to justify its insatiable desire for resource extraction. I examine the US American mythology of extraterrestrials from two directions: the Oglala Lakota perspective of spirits born through a constellation of stars, and the “American” perspective of extraterrestrials born out of settler futurities. Manifest Destiny goes so far as to take ownership over time and reconfigure it into a linear, one-way street that is a progression towards apocalypse. For American Indians and other peoples targeted by the United States government, conspiracy theories prove true. Those who are targeted, Native and otherwise, understand as the violence of American mythology pours across the continent—abduction and assimilation, or death. How can Indigenous nonhuman ontologies orient settler ethics for the future?
From Interstellar Imperialism to Celestial Wayfinding: Prime Directives and Colonial Time-Knots in SETI
Authors: Lempert William
Published: December 2021

This article traces parallels between James Cook’s 1768 Endeavour voyage to measure the transit of Venus and current initiatives searching for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). While separated by vast time and space, both are united in their appeal to celestial frontier science in the service of all humanity, and contain discrepancies between their ethical protocols and probable outcomes. Past, present, and future colonial projects are interwoven by drawing on Dipesh Chakrabarty’s “time-knot,” Star Trek’s “prime directive,” and firsthand experience in SETI’s Indigenous studies working group. This analysis cautions against the current trend toward unabated interstellar imperialism and suggests alternative approaches for engaging outer spaces and beings through celestial wayfinding.
On the Frontier of Redefining “Intelligent Life” in Settler Science
Authors: Shorter David Delgado
Published: December 2021

This article posits that the search for extraterrestrial intelligent life (SETI) remains grounded in a hierarchical and progressivist worldview that has fueled colonialism throughout history. Building upon the work of Enrique Dussel and Arthur Lovejoy in particular, the author demonstrates how previous earthly explorations produced a covering over of others, rather than a “discovery.” Those working in SETI fields must consider these histories. This article advocates for more engagement with Indigenous studies scholarship to reach a genuine frontier—a metaparadigm shift beyond object-oriented scientific methods, which are a key component of what the author calls “settler science.”
Análisis de redes sociales: un estudio de caso en Educación Física
Authors: Durán-Lozano Alvaro , López Secanell Irene , Gimeno Raga Marc
Published: December 2021

Este estudio analiza de forma gráfica las redes sociales en una clase de educación física de un centro público de secundaria de Valencia durante la pandemia del COVID-19, a partir de las conexiones que se producen entre los alumnos. El objetivo es comprobar el estado social del aula e identificar situaciones potencialmente problemáticas en el aula, a partir del análisis de dimensiones como la interacción agradable, el apoyo emocional, el apoyo social y el coestudio. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa mediante un cuestionario donde los estudiantes debían responder en función de su percepción del resto de compañeros a partir de varios ítems correspondientes a dimensiones sociológicas. Se realizó un análisis de redes sociales (SNA) y se extrajeron valores numéricos y gráficos que exponían la situación social del alumnado. Se hallaron problemas de integración, derivadas de las grandes diferencias de centralidad entre los alumnos más aislados y la media de la clase, así como una gran cantidad de conexiones en la dimensión “interacción agradable” y pocas conexiones en “apoyo emocional”. Se hallaron también diferencias sustanciales de liderazgo dependiendo de la dimensión de forma que los alumnos líderes en unos ámbitos, en otros no lo eran. Por último, se encontraron diferencias entre las conexiones cara a cara y digitales, siendo mayores estas últimas. Este estudio anima a los docentes de educación física a utilizar en SNA para conocer de forma objetiva la situación social de la clase, teniendo en cuenta el gran componente social que envuelve a una sesión de esta asignatura.
Augmented Reality (AR) Technology-Based Learning: The Effect on Physics Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   the Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600, Malaysia, Ropawandi Doni , Halim Lilia , Husnin Hazrati
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted education and has instantaneously shifted education from being conducted predominately ‘face to face’ to being totally ‘online’. For most teachers, this unexpected teaching approach has impelled them into finding ways to provide the same quality of education to their students. One way of doing this is by adopting educational technologies in learning and teaching, including the use of augmented reality (AR) technology. AR technology has been integrated into the field of physics education. In this study, the effects of AR technology on understanding of the concepts of electricity in an online learning environment for 11th-grade students was investigated. Pretest and posttest were carried out in the control group and the experimental group. The results showed that AR technology improved understanding of electrical concepts for the students in the experimental group compared to the control group, with a very significant difference between both groups. This research contributes to the development of AR technology in education, especially in relation to the teaching and learning of abstract physics concepts.
Effectiveness of Virtual Laboratories in Science Education: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   De La Salle University – Manila, Philippines, Santos Marc Lancer , Prudente Maricar
Published: December 2021

The development of technologies had transformed the way we deliver our instruction to the students. Many researchers and teachers alike are advocating for the integration of technology into their instruction as it provides promising results. One key aspect as to which technology can be of great help is through virtual laboratory activities. This meta-analysis offered information on the effectiveness of using virtual laboratory activities to student achievement. Results of the meta-analysis revealed a medium effect size (g = 0.587) towards the use of virtual laboratories. The subject area and level of study were used as subgrouping to further explore the effectiveness of conducting virtual laboratories.
An AHP-Based Evaluation Method for Vocational Teacher‘s Competency Standard
Authors:   the Department of Informatics and Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Singaraja, Indonesia, Wahyuni Dessy Seri , Agustini Ketut , Ariadi Gede
Published: December 2021

Teacher competency standards are the main guidelines for assessing the initial academic qualification of teachers. The basis for the assessment of teacher performance is the sustainable development of their professional career. This research reassesses teachers' competency standards in vocational high schools (VHSs) to sufficiently explain the competence in teaching tailored to the needs of the industrial world. This research aims at an assessment structure established on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess such competency standards for VHS teachers steadily to assess such competency standards for VHS teachers. The assessment model is classified into four critical criteria, namely: 1) pedagogical competency, 2) professional competency, 3) vocational competency, and 4) technological competency. These criteria are further accumulated into 21 sub-criteria to gauge the efficacy of teacher competency standards. This finding shows that the pedagogical competencies are the most important in this research. Thus, this study's novelty is seen in developing two key aspects: a more detailed explanation of sub-competencies and competencies to enhance Indonesia's skilled teachers' competency levels.
Expected Competencies of Construction Management Graduates Working in China
Authors:   Engineering and Architectural Studies, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Wang Yi , Cheng Kam
Published: December 2021

Construction manager competencies in today's construction industry are the key factors of project success. Compared to traditional roles, they are faced with a situation showing a gradual shift in their roles and functions especially projects nowadays are encountering more and more complicated issues during construction phase and the increasing complexity of projects poses huge demand for construction managers possessing competencies capable to adapt to this changing industry environment by their knowledge and skills gained through training especially during their early years of construction management education received in polytechnics or universities. Such kind of training builds the foundations for construction managers enabling to develop further a way to adapt to the escalating expectations of the clients and more important related to the development of leadership, management and problem-solving skills construction organisations are looking for. This paper aim to evaluate the expected competencies of construction management graduates in China focusing on the development of construction manager during their early training and how the education institutes can make sure their curriculums capable to prepare learners for the changing needs of construction industry in China. The result of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the excellent construction management curriculum design, thus encouraging education institutes to adopt industry-oriented approach to deal with ever-changing construction industry.
Influence of pars plana vitrectomy on ocular surface using noninvasive Keratograph 5M
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China, Fan Ling-Ling , Gao Jian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China, Liu Lun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China, Liao Rong-Feng ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
Published: December 2021

AIM: To evaluate the influence of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on ocular surface using Keratograph 5M.
METHODS: Totally 30 consecutive patients (30 eyes) undergoing primary 23-gauge PPV were recruited in the study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was performed. Ocular surface parameters, including tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear break up time (NITBUT) and bulbar redness score were obtained preoperatively, in 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12wk postoperatively by Keratograph 5M. Correlations between all the clinical parameters were analyzed further.
RESULTS: The percentages of both photophobia and gritty within 4wk after PPV were significantly higher than pre-operation, while they decreased to the preoperative levels in both 8wk and 12wk postoperatively. The percentage of sore eyes in the first week postoperatively was significantly higher than pre-operation, but there were no significant differences between the percentages of pre-operation and 2, 4, 8, and 12wk postoperatively. OSDI score increased significantly within 4wk postoperatively, but it returned to the preoperative level in 8 and 12wk. TMH increased with 2wk postoperatively, but there were no significant differences compared with preoperation. Both NITBUT-first and NITBUT-average shortened significantly within 8 weeks postoperatively, but they gradually improved to the preoperative levels in 12wk. Bulbar redness score was significantly higher than the preoperative level within 4wk postoperatively, but it returned to the preoperative level in 8wk. NITBUT-first and NITBUT-average had a significant positive correlation at each visit. TMH had a significant positive correlation with NITBUT-average in the first week postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Keratograph 5M can provide a reliable noninvasive method to assess the influence of PPV on the ocular surface. PPV may cause various changes in both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damages at the early stage, while all these changes will return to preoperative levels gradually in 12wk postoperatively.
Effect of eccentricity of overnight lenses on 2-year axial growth and visual quality
Authors:   Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China, Chen Zi-Yang , Zhang Ye ,   Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China, Hu Yan-Hong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian Province, China
Published: December 2021

AIM: To explore the effect of eccentricity of overnight orthokeratology (OK) lenses on 2-year eye axial growth and visual quality.
METHODS: Based on the degree of eccentricity of OK lenses, patients were divided into three groups: a low degree of eccentricity group (degree of eccentricity ≤0.5 mm), a group of moderate eccentricity (eccentric degree >0.5-1.0 mm) and a group with a high degree of eccentricity (eccentric degree >1-1.5 mm). The degree of eccentricity of the OK lens, spherical equivalent (SE), the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) after wearing OK lenses, axial length (AL) before and after wearing OK lenses, total higher-order aberrations (HOA), comas, and spherical aberrations (SA) for 3 mm pupils were analyzed. The difference among the three groups for all parameters was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H Rank-Sum test.
RESULTS: The study retrospectively analyzed 75 cases (139 eyes). In the low eccentricity group (53 eyes), the mean age was 11.4±2.4y, SE was -3.24±1.48 D, and AL was 24.85±1.01 mm. In the moderate eccentricity group (53 eyes), the mean age was 11.4±2.2y, SE was -3.22±1.29 D, and AL was 25.15±0.92 mm. In the high eccentricity group (31 eyes), the mean age was 11.5±1.9y, SE was -3.54±1.43 D, and AL was 24.95±0.84mm. After two years, there was no significant difference in the changes of the axis among the three groups (P=0.089). The HOA, SA, and coma in the high eccentric group were significantly higher than in the middle eccentric group (P<0.05). The HOA, SA, and coma in the high eccentric group were also significantly higher than those in the low eccentric group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: For OK lenses, it is unnecessary to strictly require the absolute centralization of the lens position. An unnecessary change of the lenses may delay the eye-axis control. However, the balance between axial control and visual quality should be assessed.
Progress of autophagy in the pathogenesis of dry age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China, Gao Wen
Published: December 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major clinical blind-inducing eye disease, and its pathogenesis is closely related to the autophagy of RPE cells and the signaling pathway of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Autophagy is one of the common and important physiological phenomena in human body, which is of vital significance for maintaining the stability and metabolism of cells. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor regulating cells to fight against foreign bodies and oxidative damage, and Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a wide range of cell protective functions in anti-tumor, anti-stress and other aspects. With the development of research, it is found that there are extensive interaction mechanisms between autophagy and Nrf2 signaling pathway. Inhibition of autophagy leads to accumulation of p62, which activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway by binding with Keap1 (kelch-like ech-associated protein1). At the same time, studies have also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors also participate in the mutual regulation between autophagy and Nrf2.This paper will review the recent research progress on the interaction between Nrf2 signaling pathway and autophagy in the development of AMD. Hope to provide a new perspective for the treatment of AMD.
Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970)
Authors: Volodin Dmitry
Published: December 2021

The discovery of a giant oil field in Alaska in 1968 sparked great interest in the United States in the Northwest Passage as a possible route for the delivery of Alaska's oil to the more southern states of the United States. In 1969-1970 American oil companies with the support of the U.S. authorities organized two voyages of the tanker Manhattan across these waters to test the viability of this route. Although Canada supported this project and took part in it, but at the same time the Canadian government of P. Trudeau adopted two new laws, which sharply strengthened Canada's control over shipping in the Northwest Passage. In an effort to prevent an open conflict with the United States, Canada did not declare all the waters of the Arctic Archipelago as its internal waters, but made a choice in favor of the so-called functional sovereignty, that is, the ability to exercise a certain set of rights over a specific territory.