bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clusters of mammalian conserved RNA structures in UTRs associate with RBP binding sites
Authors: Gadekar Veerendra P , Munk Alexander Welford , Miladi Milad , Junge Alexander , Backofen Rolf , Seemann Stefan E , Gorodkin Jan
Published: August 2024

RNA secondary structures play essential roles in the formation of the tertiary structure and function of a transcript. Recent genome-wide studies highlight significant potential for RNA structures in the mammalian genome. However, a major challenge is assigning functional roles to these structured RNAs. In this study, we conduct a guilt-by-association analysis of clusters of computationally predicted conserved RNA structure (CRSs) in human untranslated regions (UTRs) to associate them with gene functions. We filtered a broad pool of ∼500 000 human CRSs for UTR overlap, resulting in 4734 and 24 754 CRSs from the 5′ and 3′ UTR of protein-coding genes, respectively. We separately clustered these CRSs for both sets using RNAscClust, obtaining 793 and 2403 clusters, each containing an average of five CRSs per cluster. We identified overrepresented binding sites for 60 and 43 RNA-binding proteins co-localizing with the clustered CRSs. Furthermore, 104 and 441 clusters from the 5′ and 3′ UTRs, respectively, showed enrichment for various Gene Ontologies, including biological processes such as ‘signal transduction’, ‘nervous system development’, molecular functions like ‘transferase activity’ and the cellular components such as ‘synapse’ among others. Our study shows that significant functional insights can be gained by clustering RNA structures based on their structural characteristics.
A Phase 1/2a Study Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of Ad26.RSV.preF in RSV-seronegative Toddlers Aged 12–24 Months
Authors: Langley Joanne M , Nolan Terry M , Rämet Mika , Richmond Peter C , Rosário Filho Nelson , Haazen Wouter , van den Berg Sara P H , Williams Kristi , Bastian Arangassery Rosemary , Omoruyi Edmund , Williams Durkin Joanna , Salisch Nadine , Van Geet Gunter , van Duijnhoven Wilbert , Heijnen Esther , Callendret Benoit
Published: August 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious illness in children. The Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine candidate was immunogenic with acceptable safety in a phase 1/2a study of RSV-seropositive children. Here, we assessed its safety and immunogenicity in RSV-seronegative children.

Methods

In this randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study (NCT03606512; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03606512), RSV-seronegative toddlers aged 12–24 months received Ad26.RSV.preF (2.5 × 1010 viral particles) or placebo on days 1, 29, and 57 (a meningococcal vaccine [Nimenrix] could substitute for day 57 placebo). Primary endpoints were solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs; 7 days after each vaccination), unsolicited AEs (28 days postvaccination), and serious AEs (first vaccination until study end). Participants were monitored for RSV-respiratory tract infection to assess infection rates and for severe RSV-lower respiratory tract infection as an indication of enhanced disease. RSV-A2 neutralizing, RSV (A and B) preF binding, and RSV postF immunoglobulin G–binding antibodies were evaluated on days 1 (predose), 8, and 85, and after RSV season 1.

Results

Thirty-eight participants were enrolled and vaccinated (Ad26.RSV.preF, n = 20; placebo, placebo/Nimenrix, n = 18). Solicited AEs were more common following Ad26.RSV.preF than placebo; most were mild/moderate. No vaccine-related serious AEs were reported. Five of 19 participants receiving Ad26.RSV.preF and 2/18 receiving placebo or placebo/Nimenrix had confirmed RSV-respiratory tract infection or RSV-associated otitis media; none were considered severe. At the final season 1 study visit, most Ad26.RSV.preF recipients had ≥2-fold increases from baseline in RSV-A2 neutralizing, RSV A and B preF binding, and RSV postF antibodies.

Conclusions

Ad26.RSV.preF was well tolerated and immunogenic in RSV-seronegative toddlers.
Social supports in patients with cancer attending an Irish cancer center: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Goggin Caitriona , Ged Yasser , Bracken-Clarke Dara , Hannan Michelle , Calacsan Flordeliza , Jordan Emmet , Calvert Paula M , O’Connor Miriam , Horgan Anne M
Published: August 2024

A positive association has been demonstrated between social supports, quality of life, and survival outcomes in cancer. This study assessed levels of social supports among patients with cancer in an Irish institution, with an age- and gender-specific stratification. The study highlights relatively low levels of perceived socio-emotional support and social connectedness, but good levels of tangible and informational support in our cohort of patients with cancer. Cancer clinicians should consider social supports as a factor when deciding upon cancer therapies and surveillance programs, and link in available support services for individuals with low levels of social supports where feasible.
Enduring inequalities in British politics: Muslim women in the Labour Party
Authors: Hussain Farah
Published: August 2024

This article combines an understanding of British politics grounded in the Asymmetric Power Model with intersectionality to comprehend Muslim women’s experiences in the Labour Party. This paper shows that an intersectional framework and an analysis of political parties’ relationships with their members are essential to understanding the enduring inequalities of the British political system. Muslim women are under-represented in our political system; they face multiple forms of discrimination (racism and sexism). Some Muslim men have and use their relative power over Muslim women through their use of biraderi-politicking, and Muslim women do not trust the Labour Party to support them.
Processing of hydrocarbon dust in star-forming galaxies revealed with AKARI
Authors: Kondo Tsubasa , Kondo Akino , Murata Katsuhiro L , Kokusho Takuma , Oyabu Shinki , Suzuki Toyoaki , Katayama Risako , Kaneda Hidehiro
Published: August 2024

Hydrocarbon dust is one of the dominant components of interstellar dust, which mainly consists of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons. While hydrocarbon dust is thought to be processed in interstellar radiation fields or shocks, detailed processing mechanisms are not completely understood yet. We investigate the processing of hydrocarbon dust by analyzing the relation between the luminosities emitted by hydrocarbon dust and the total infrared luminosities $(L_{\mathrm{IR}})$ for 138 star-forming galaxies at redshift $z \lt 0.3$. Using near-infrared 2.5–5$\, \mu {\rm m}$ spectra obtained with AKARI, we derived the luminosities of the aromatic hydrocarbon feature at 3.3$\, \mu {\rm m}$ ($L_\mathrm{aromatic}$) and the aliphatic hydrocarbon feature at 3.4–3.6$\, \mu {\rm m}$ ($L_\mathrm{aliphatic}$). We also derived $L_\mathrm{IR}$ and the radiation field strength by modeling the spectral energy distributions of the 138 galaxies with AKARI, WISE, and IRAS photometry data. We find that galaxies with higher $L_\mathrm{IR}$ tend to exhibit lower $L_\mathrm{aliphatic}/L_\mathrm{aromatic}$ ratios. Furthermore, we find that there is an anti-correlation between $L_\mathrm{aliphatic}/L_\mathrm{aromatic}$ ratios and the radiation field strength, and also that the galaxies with low $L_\mathrm{aliphatic}/L_\mathrm{aromatic}$ ratios are dominated by merger galaxies. These results support the suggestion that hydrocarbon dust is processed through photodissociation in strong radiation fields and/or shocks during merging processes of galaxies; the $L_\mathrm{aliphatic}/L_\mathrm{aromatic}$ ratio is likely to decrease in such harsh interstellar conditions since the aliphatic bonds are known to be chemically weaker than the aromatic bonds.
Alpine grassland community productivity and diversity differences influence significantly plant sexual reproduction strategies
Authors: Kang Xiaomei , Liu Yanjun , Wu Xinyang , Jiang Jiachang , Duan Lijie , Zhang Aoran , Qi Wei
Published: August 2024

Whether and how community structure variation affects plant sexual reproduction is crucial for understanding species’ local adaptation and plant community assembly, but remains unrevealed. In Qinghai-Tibetan grassland communities that differed in aboveground biomass (AGB) and species diversity, we found significant influence of AGB on both species’ reproductive biomass allocation (RBA) and flowering and fruiting time, but of species diversity only on species’ reproductive time. In high-AGB or high-diversity communities, smaller and earlier flowering species generally advanced their reproductive phenology and increased their reproductive allocation for maximizing their reproductive success, whereas larger and later flowering species delayed their reproductive phenology and decreased their reproductive allocation for maximizing their vegetative growth and resource competition. This change in reproductive allocation with the variation in community structures was more pronounced in nonclonal as compared to clonal plant species. Thus, we evidence an important influence of community structure on plant sexual reproduction strategies, and the pattern of the influence depends largely on species biological attributes.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of cooperation between species
Authors: Hauert Christoph , Szabó György
Published: August 2024

In mutualistic associations, two species cooperate by exchanging goods or services with members of another species for their mutual benefit. At the same time, competition for reproduction primarily continues with members of their own species. In intra-species interactions, the prisoner’s dilemma is the leading mathematical metaphor to study the evolution of cooperation. Here we consider inter-species interactions in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma, where members of each species reside on one lattice layer. Cooperators provide benefits to neighbouring members of the other species at a cost to themselves. Hence, interactions occur across layers but competition remains within layers. We show that rich and complex dynamics unfold when varying the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation, r. Four distinct dynamical domains emerge that are separated by critical phase transitions, each characterized by diverging fluctuations in the frequency of cooperation: (i) for large r cooperation is too costly and defection dominates; (ii) for lower r cooperators survive at equal frequencies in both species; (iii) lowering r further results in an intriguing, spontaneous symmetry breaking of cooperation between species with increasing asymmetry for decreasing r; (iv) finally, for small r, bursts of mutual defection appear that increase in size with decreasing r and eventually drive the populations into absorbing states. Typically, one species is cooperating and the other defecting and hence establish perfect asymmetry. Intriguingly and despite the symmetrical model set-up, natural selection can nevertheless favour the spontaneous emergence of asymmetric evolutionary outcomes where, on average, one species exploits the other in a dynamical equilibrium.
Advances in gene and cellular therapeutic approaches for Huntington’s disease
Authors: Piao Xuejiao , Li Dan , Liu Hui , Guo Qing , Yu Yang
Published: August 2024

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by the abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the Huntingtin gene (HTT) located on chromosome 4. It is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner and is characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and emotional disturbances. To date, there are no curative treatments for HD have been developed; current therapeutic approaches focus on symptom relief and comprehensive care through coordinated pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods to manage the diverse phenotypes of the disease. International clinical guidelines for the treatment of HD are continually being revised in an effort to enhance care within a multidisciplinary framework. Additionally, innovative gene and cell therapy strategies are being actively researched and developed to address the complexities of the disorder and improve treatment outcomes. This review endeavours to elucidate the current and emerging gene and cell therapy strategies for HD, offering a detailed insight into the complexities of the disorder and looking forward to future treatment paradigms. Considering the complexity of the underlying mechanisms driving HD, a synergistic treatment strategy that integrates various factors—such as distinct cell types, epigenetic patterns, genetic components, and methods to improve the cerebral microenvironment—may significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes. In the future, we eagerly anticipate ongoing innovations in interdisciplinary research that will bring profound advancements and refinements in the treatment of HD.
Food insecurity versus public health? Social resilience
Authors: Abdillah Abdillah , Widianingsih Ida , Buchari Rd Ahmad , Nurasa Heru , Ahmadi Zahra
Published: August 2024

The health problems of low-income communities and their relationship to food insecurity are a widespread problem worldwide. Understanding the complex relationship between these two conditions of food insecurity and health outcomes is the focus of this study. In addressing these issues, managing food security and adopting comprehensive strategies that consider the broader public health of the poor and socially vulnerable requires a multi-pronged approach that integrates sustainable food systems, social protection interventions, community engagement, and nutrition-specific interventions. This study is useful for improving our understanding of the relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes, which ultimately contributes to better health and social resilience strategies.
Quality from within: Entry points to research quality in the humanities
Authors: Müller Klara , Salö Linus , Sörlin Sverker
Published: August 2024

It is well known that research quality notions vary across research fields. Despite this, humanities quality notions are often portrayed as deviant or particularly hard to grasp. To some extent, this has a historical explanation, as notions from within the humanities have not been the standards used in the development of research evaluation tools. Accordingly, we argue that current discussions on research evaluation and quality notions reflect a lack of understanding of how field-type quality notions in the humanities can be studied. We therefore identify entry points to further studies on how humanities scholars address quality notions in their own words, what one might call ‘quality from within’. The suggested entry points are assessment for recruitment, field-type internal evaluations, public debates on the humanities, book reviews, the academic seminar, PhD supervision, academic memoirs, obituaries and the Festschrift. We here outline how an empirically grounded research agenda around quality in humanities research can be fruitfully pursued. Thus, the study aims to contribute insights into why and how a fresh perspective can provide us with much-needed entry points to understanding quality from within.
How bibliometric evaluation makes the academia an ‘Iron Cage’: Evidence from Chinese academics
Authors: Jin Enxi , Jiang Xiaohua
Published: August 2024

In response to the escalating reliance on bibliometrics for research evaluation within Chinese universities, this study delves into the far-reaching impact of this trend. Through comprehensive interviews with 15 academics from research-intensive universities encompassing diverse demographics, including gender, age, academic rank, and knowledge domains, the research sheds light on the consequences of bibliometric evaluation at individual and organizational levels. The findings expose how bibliometric evaluation practices can disrupt scholarly autonomy, undermine self-efficacy, erode motivation for innovative research, and trigger opportunistic behaviors among university academics. These outcomes, akin to the ‘Tragedy of the Commons,’ not only hinder institutional progress but also corrode the fabric of collegiality, and result in the performance paradox. The dominance of administrative logic over academic logic has transformed individual researchers and universities into participants in a system of administrative conformity, altering the essence of academic pursuit. Despite China’s earnest efforts to reform university research evaluation, the Chinese bibliometric evaluation sustains a cycle of self-reinforcement that impedes reform progress, particularly in terms of peer review. It is suggested that adopting a nurturing, nuanced approach to bibliometric evaluation is imperative for maintaining a harmonious academic ecosystem and fostering genuine societal advancement.
Racial and ethnic associations with interstitial lung disease and healthcare utilization in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Tukpah Ann-Marcia C , Rose Jonathan A , Seger Diane L , Dellaripa Paul F , Hunninghake Gary Matthew , Bates David W
Published: August 2024

Objective

Racial and ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes have been reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and SSc-interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, prior studies have limited diversity. We aim to evaluate if there are racial/ethnic differences associated with ILD, time intervals between SSc and ILD and with emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization rates.

Methods

Clinical and sociodemographic variables were extracted for 756 patients with SSc from longitudinal health records in an integrated health-system. Logistic regression models analyzed the association of covariates with ILD and age at SSc-ILD. Healthcare outcomes were analyzed with complementary log-log regression models.

Results

Overall, 33.7% of patients in the cohort had an ILD code, with increased odds for Asian (odds ratio [OR], 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–5.28; p=0.008) compared with White patients. The predicted age in years of SSc-ILD was younger for Hispanic (estimate, -6.5; 95% CI, -13—-0.21; p = 0.04) and Black/African American patients (-10; 95% CI -16—-4.9; p < 0.001) compared with White patients. Black/African American patients were more likely to have an ILD code before an SSc code (59% compared with 20.6% of White patients), and the shortest interval from SSc to ILD (3 months). Black/African American (HR, 2.59; 95% CI 1.47–4.49; p = 0.001) and Hispanic patients (HR 2.29; 95% CI 1.37– 3.82; p = 0.002) had higher rates of an ED visit.

Conclusion

We found that odds of SSc-ILD differed by racial/ethnic group, minoritized patients had earlier age of presentation, and greater rates of an ED visit.
The labor effects of R&D tax incentives: evidence from VC-backed startups
Authors: Chen Jun , Hshieh Shenje
Published: August 2024

We evaluate the impact of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes (PATH) Act of 2015, which allowed some existing venture-capital-backed startups to monetize their research and development (R&D) tax credits against payroll taxes in the United States. We show that marginally eligible startups increase their demand for R&D workers more than marginally ineligible startups after the PATH Act’s enactment. These effects are stronger among startups that are financially constrained. Marginally eligible startups subsequently recruit workers with more education and experience and file more patents with new inventors. Our findings suggest payroll tax credits are effective in scaling startups and stimulating R&D activities through skilled labor recruitment.
Restoring Psychiatric Mental Health APRN Roles: A Report of Innovations in Workforce Development Design Supported by Salutogenic Solutions and an Enduring Educational Frame, Part Two
Authors: Libster Martha M. , Evers Leslie
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The change from clinical nurse specialist to nurse practitioner model with emphasis on the biomedical prescriber role significantly affected graduate education/practice.

AIM/METHOD

This article reports solutions, lessons learned, and insights from faculty in a four-year Workforce Development Project supported by an academic-practice partnership. Lessons learned that are shared as administrative and clinical practice insights include use of experiential learning platform and interaction process recordings, confirmation of the state of nurse psychotherapy blocks to clinical placements, movement toward a salutogenic psychosocial nursing process, changing student evaluation language of preceptors, and implementation of an Advanced Practice Nursing model for clinical supervision.

RESULTS

The educational hypothesis that in-person experiential learning in a workshop format with live simulations is critical to the professional development of psychiatric mental health advanced practice nursing is supported. Resistance to the cultural change operationalized through the curriculum is described. Five student reflections exemplify progress made as a result of this program.

CONCLUSION

This program with its enduring educational frame was an opportunity to regain a historical momentum as nurse leaders in mental health care. There is significant interest and commitment to learning the nurse-psychotherapist and consultation-liaison roles.
Calcinosis in dermatomyositis
Authors: Davuluri Srijana , Chung Lorinda , Lood Christian
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review

To provide the most recent literature on our understanding behind the pathogenesis and the treatment of calcinosis in dermatomyositis.

Recent findings

Early diagnosis and controlling the overall disease activity are cornerstones to prevent calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis. Observational cohort studies showed that prolonged state of inflammation and features of vascular dysfunction like digital ulcers and abnormal nailfold capillaries are associated with calcinosis. Neutrophil activation and mitochondrial dysfunction have recently emerged as potential mechanistic pathways involved in calcinosis pathogenesis. Few recent case series have alluded to the efficacy of topical and intralesional sodium thiosulfate, while JAK inhibitors appear to be newer promising therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis.

Calcinosis in dermatomyositis consists of deposition of insoluble calcium compounds in the skin and other tissues. It is prevalent in up to 75% of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis and up to 20% in adult dermatomyositis. While it leads to significant patient morbidity, we do not yet understand the pathogenesis in its entirety. Surgical excision although palliative is the mainstay of treatment and should be offered to patients. All available treatment options are only based on very low level of evidence.
ICU-Electroencephalogram Unit Improves Outcome in Status Epilepticus Patients: A Retrospective Before-After Study
Authors: Misirocchi Francesco , Quintard Hervé , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Schaller Karl , Pugin Jérôme , Seeck Margitta , De Stefano Pia
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) monitoring is recommended for status epilepticus (SE) management in ICU but is still underused due to resource limitations and inconclusive evidence regarding its impact on outcome. Furthermore, the term “continuous monitoring” often implies continuous recording with variable intermittent review. The establishment of a dedicated ICU-electroencephalogram unit may fill this gap, allowing cEEG with nearly real-time review and multidisciplinary management collaboration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ICU-electroencephalogram unit establishing on SE outcome and management.

DESIGN:

Single-center retrospective before-after study.

SETTING:

Neuro-ICU of a Swiss academic tertiary medical care center.

PATIENTS:

Adult patients treated for nonhypoxic SE between November 1, 2015, and December 31, 2023.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:

Data from all SE patients were assessed, comparing those treated before and after ICU-electroencephalogram unit introduction. Primary outcomes were return to premorbid neurologic function, ICU mortality, SE duration, and ICU SE management. Secondary outcomes were SE type and etiology. Two hundred seven SE patients were included, 149 (72%) before and 58 (38%) after ICU-electroencephalogram unit establishment. ICU-electroencephalogram unit introduction was associated with increased detection of nonconvulsive SE (p = 0.003) and SE due to acute symptomatic etiology (p = 0.019). Regression analysis considering age, comorbidities, SE etiology, and SE semeiology revealed a higher chance of returning to premorbid neurologic function (p = 0.002), reduced SE duration (p = 0.024), and a shift in SE management with increased use of antiseizure medications (p = 0.007) after ICU-electroencephalogram unit introduction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Integrating neurology expertise in the ICU setting through the establishment of an ICU-electroencephalogram unit with nearly real-time cEEG review, shortened SE duration, and increased likelihood of returning to premorbid neurologic function, with an increased number of antiseizure medications used. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess long-term prognosis.
Outcomes of Muscle versus Fasciocutaneous Free Flap Reconstruction in Acute Burns: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Arellano José Antonio , Alessandri-Bonetti Mario , Liu Hilary Y. , Pandya Sumaarg , Egro Francesco M.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Free flap reconstruction in acute burns is high risk but often required for limb salvage and coverage of vital structures. Prior studies have shown a flap loss rate up to 44%. This study aimed to compare the complications associated with muscle and fasciocutaneous free flaps in acute burn reconstruction.

Methods:

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and registered on the PROSPERO database (CDR42023471088). The databases accessed were Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was free flap failure rate based on flap type. Secondary outcomes included venous congestion, arterial thrombosis, amputation, and need for reintervention.

Results:

Twelve studies with 181 free flaps were included: 87 muscle flaps and 94 fasciocutaneous flaps. Muscle flaps had a higher risk ratio (RR) for total flap loss [RR: 2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–5.32, P = 0.04], arterial thrombosis (RR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.17–8.42, P = 0.02), and amputations (RR: 8.89, 95% CI: 1.27–70.13, P = 0.03) compared with fasciocutaneous flaps. No significant differences were found in venous thrombosis (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.37–4.78, P = 0.65) or need for reinterventions (RR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.77–2.32, P = 0.29).

Conclusions:

Muscle flaps in burn injuries are associated with higher risks of flap failure, arterial thrombosis, and amputations. Fasciocutaneous free flaps in acute burns seem to be safer with better outcomes, though further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Abdominoplasty Combined with Hip Expansion by Fat Grafting: An Evolution in Waistline Contouring
Authors: Cortes Wilberto , Mather Tara , LoGiudice John , Dzwierzynski William
Published: August 2024

Background:

Recent sociocultural trends show numerous patients requesting more curvaceous profiles. Abdominoplasty techniques had evolved into a combination of fascial plication with liposuction of the lateral torso, but often left patients with “boxy” profiles. The senior author performs 360-degree liposuction of abdomen and back, hip expansion with structural fat grafting, excision of redundant soft tissue, and wide plication of abdominal fascia to create the desired profile.

Methods:

Retrospective review of patient charts and CosmetAssure claims of female patients treated from January 2014 through May 2022 identified 1125 patients with a minimum 6-month follow-up who underwent abdominoplasty using 360-degree liposuction of waist, back, and flanks; wide plication of the rectus abdominis muscle; and hip expansion with fat grafting. Authors reviewed pre- and postoperative photographs to evaluate the technique’s effectiveness.

Results:

Hip expansion with fat grafting combined with abdominoplasty was successfully achieved in 1125 cases. Average age was 38 years. Average body mass index was 29 kg per m2. Average amount of aspirated fat was 1896 mL. Average amount of fat injected into the bilateral hips was 493 mL. Complication rates were comparable to those observed in similar abdominoplasty series reported in the literature.

Conclusions:

Abdominoplasty combining liposuction of the waist, back, abdomen, and flanks followed by wide fascial plication and expansion of the hips with fat grafting is a safe, reproducible technique for female patients. This technique prioritizes the hip anatomical area as an aesthetic consideration in abdominoplasty and facilitates creating a harmonious hip-to-waist ratio characteristic of a feminine figure.
Drug-induced cholestatic liver diseases
Authors: Bjornsson Einar S. , Devarbhavi Harshad C.
Published: August 2024

Cholestatic DILI is an important and frequently challenging differential diagnosis in patients presenting with elevated liver tests with predominant elevation in alkaline phosphatase. A number of competing etiologies need to be ruled out, such as hepatobiliary malignancy, choledocholithiasis, cholestatic forms of viral hepatitis, cholestasis of sepsis, primary and secondary cholangitis, and right-sided cardiac failure to name a few. Important advances have occurred in the understanding and knowledge of the clinical phenotypes, new etiological agents, risk factors, pathophysiology, and genetic determinants of drug-induced cholestasis since the last review on drug-induced cholestasis was published in Hepatology in 2011. Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) due to drugs has been well documented for several different drugs. Checkpoint inhibitors are one of the types of drugs shown to lead to secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Several new herbal and dietary supplements have recently been shown to lead to cholestatic liver injury. A number of genetic risk factors for cholestasis due to drugs have been identified in the last decade, and the pathogenesis behind cholestatic injury is better defined. In this review, the focus is on diagnostic approach and description of new clinical phenotypes such as secondary sclerosing cholangitis and vanishing bile duct syndrome. Furthermore, the review provides an overview of the risk factors, genetic determinants, and the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary transporters leading to cholestasis. Management, areas of uncertainty, and future direction are also presented.
INVESTIGATION OF HAND TREMOR SUPPRESSION BY A CUSTOMIZED PASSIVE SURGICAL SUPPORT ROBOT DURING INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING
Authors: Yamamoto Soichiro , Taniguchi Yuta , Kuroki Yohei , Nagahama Hidenori , Tanaka Shin , Kadonosono Kazuaki , Arai Fumihito , Enaida Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To construct a quantitative evaluation system for hand tremor during internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and investigate changes in hand tremor attributable to the use of the customized passive surgical support robot.

Methods:

This analytical and experimental study developed a hand tremor evaluation system that synchronizes three elements: surgical microscope images, an artificial eye module with a force sensor to simulate ILM peeling, and microforceps with an inertial measurement unit. Two surgeons used this system to measure hand tremor during ILM peeling with and without the robot.

Results:

The horizontal, vertical, and combined vertical and horizontal components of hand tremor were 8.1 ± 6.1, 1.7 ± 1.8, and 8.5 ± 6.2 mG, respectively, in the no-robot group. These components decreased to 7.2 ± 6.0, 1.5 ± 1.7, and 7.5 ± 6.1 mG, respectively, in the robot group. In particular, hand tremor was significantly suppressed by 11.9% for the horizontal component using the robot (P = 0.0006).

Conclusion:

The newly constructed system helps to quantitatively evaluate hand tremor during ILM peeling. The customized passive surgical support robot enables to decrease hand tremor during ILM peeling.
A New Technique of Sterile Polyethylene Instrument Cover as Temporary Corneal Patch to Reconstruct Anterior Chamber in Penetrating Keratoplasty Combined with Intraocular Surgery
Authors: Long Jianfeng , Li Haoyu , Zhang Liwei , Sun Xinyue , Liu Shaohua , Peng Hanhan , Chen Baihua
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Complications such as explosive choroidal hemorrhage, residual cortex, and capsule rupture often occur during intraocular surgery combined with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) due to poor maintenance of the anterior chamber. To address these challenges, we have innovatively utilized a sterile polyethylene instrument cover to temporarily reconstruct the anterior chamber.

Methods:

In this report, we describe a technique where a ‘temporary corneal patch’ was created from a sterile instrument cover, using a trephine to ensure a diameter approximately 1-2 mm wider than the corneal bed or perforation. This patch was then sutured into the host corneal bed or the perforation with 10-0 nylon sutures during intraocular surgery combined with PKP. Each case was evaluated for surgical efficacy and complications.

Results:

We successfully applied this technique in three cases of combined corneal transplantation surgery. In two cases, PKP, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation were successfully performed. In the third case, PKP, vitrectomy, and other intraocular procedures were performed. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.

Conclusion:

The use of a sterile polyethylene material as a temporary corneal patch for anterior chamber reconstruction represents a safe, effective, and cost-efficient approach for intraocular surgery combined with PKP or posterior segment surgery as a keratoprosthesis.
THE IMAGE WARPING TEST
Authors: Valor Suárez Clara , Than Jonathan , Ling Ye , Guillemaut Jean-Yves , Frohlich David M. , Williamson Tom H.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To determine the validity, accuracy, and acceptability of the image warping test (IWT), a novel test for the measurement of visual distortion in the central visual field.

Methods:

Twenty-five volunteers with metamorphopsia secondary to vitreoretinal pathologic condition were recruited at a tertiary referral center. All subjects underwent ophthalmologic examination and measurement of metamorphopsia using Amsler grid, Morphision, M-CHARTS, and the IWT. Construct validity was determined through assessment of the association between symptoms, pathologic condition, visual acuity, established metamorphopsia test results, and IWT results.

Results:

There was close association between subjective estimation of metamorphopsia severity and IWT score (P = 0.005), between Morphision result and IWT score (P = 0.015), and between the nature of vitreoretinal pathologic condition and IWT score (P = 0.007). There was no statistically significant correlation between best-corrected distance visual acuity and IWT score, and between M-CHARTS score and IWT score.

Conclusion:

The IWT allows the creation of a digital map of subjective metamorphopsia that effectively measures its severity and nature, and opens the possibility to its noninvasive correction in the future through inverse mapping of the distortion map onto live images.
PATHWAYS TO GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY IN NONNEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Spaide Richard F.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

To characterize and quantify the precursor lesions of geographic atrophy in eyes with age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:

A retrospective study of eyes with a minimum of 6-month follow-up before developing geographic atrophy. Evaluations included color and autofluorescence imaging, along with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, employing definitions from the Consensus of Atrophy Meeting Group and Consensus on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Nomenclature Study Group.

Results:

There were 55 eyes of 44 patients, who had a mean age of 81.3 years at onset of atrophy; 35 (63.6%) were female. The mean duration of follow-up before and after the advent of geographic atrophy was 4.9 years and 1.2 years, respectively. Geographic atrophy was preceded by collapse of a druse in 41 eyes (74.5%). Of these, 29 (70.7%) were drusenoid pigment epithelial detachments. Among the eyes with regressing drusen, there were 9 with overlying vitelliform deposit, and all had concurrent subretinal drusenoid deposit; however, 19 of 30 eyes with no vitelliform deposit overlying the druse had concurrent subretinal drusenoid deposit, a difference that was significant (P < 0.001). Regression of subretinal drusenoid deposit was found in 4 eyes (7.3%), regression of vitelliform deposit associated with subretinal drusenoid deposit in 5 (9.1%), and regression of vitelliform deposit in eyes concurrently harboring drusen was found in 3 (5.4%) and regression of vitelliform deposit alone in 2 (3.6%) at the site of eventual development of geographic atrophy.

Conclusion:

Geographic atrophy appears to develop from multiple pathways as manifested by the many precursor lesions, all various forms of extracellular deposit, that upon regression, result in a common end-stage appearance.
GOOD INITIAL VISUAL ACUITY IN PATIENTS WITH MACULAR EDEMA DUE TO RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Gomel Nir , D'Aloisio Rossella , Wattad Aya , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Formenti Federico , Loewenstein Anat , Iglicki Matias , Zur Dinah
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The approach to managing patients with retinal vein occlusion and cystoid macular edema (CME) with good initial visual acuity better than 6/12 has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate functional and anatomical outcomes of intravitreal treatment and observation in patients with CME because of retinal vein occlusion, who presented with good initial visual acuity.

Methods:

Multicenter retrospective cohort study. Seventy-nine eyes of 79 patients with CME secondary to retinal vein occlusion and initial visual acuity better than 6/12, either treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy or observed. Clinical parameters and optical coherence tomography measures were recorded. Main Outcome Measure: Proportion of patients losing ≥1 line of visual acuity at 12 months. Secondary outcomes: visual and anatomical results at 12 months and 24 months, and correlation between number of injections and visual acuity outcomes.

Results:

Fifty-three percent of patients maintained visual acuity at month 12. Visual acuity of 6/6 to 6/7.5 was maintained in 59% and 57% at 12 months and 24 months, respectively. At 24 months, the number of antivascular endothelial growth factor injections was strongly correlated with visual acuity among patients with branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion.

Conclusion:

This study marks the first exploration of patients with retinal vein occlusion and initial visual acuity better than 6/12, indicating that most patients sustained good visual acuity, and antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment maintained and improved visual acuity.
Postpartum Hospital Discharge
Authors: Scroggins Jihye Kim , Gibson Amelia N. , Stuebe Alison M. , Sheffield-Abdullah Karen M. , Tully Kristin P.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Postpartum hospital care and individualized discharge preparedness should be part of person-focused health services. Yet, there are limited descriptions of birthing parents' experiences to identify clinical practice strengths and opportunities to improve systems of care.

Objective:

To explore birthing parents' perspectives on supportive healthcare practices and areas for improvement around postpartum hospital discharge.

Methods:

In this mixed-methods study, participants completed an online questionnaire and a semistructured, telephone interview at 2 to 3 weeks postpartum. Researchers summarized responses to 2 quantitative questions and conducted a thematic content analysis of interview data.

Results:

Forty birthing parents participated (90% non-White). According to quantitative responses, most birthing parents were prepared to be discharged (82.5%). Responses to the interview generated 6 broad factors related to postpartum hospital discharge preparedness: inpatient postpartum support, physical and emotional health, patient priorities and agency, clear and relevant information, holistic care, and scheduling and continuity of care. Researchers further identified themes around specific healthcare practices participants described to be supportive and opportunities for improvement.

Conclusion:

Birthing parents articulated multiple contributors to their preparation for postpartum hospital discharge. These perspectives offer insights for strengthening systems of perinatal care and inform measures of quality postpartum care.
The effect of joint mobilization of Maitland on chronic ankle instability: A randomized trial
Authors: Tang Fang , Yin Shanshan , Gao Pincao , Chen Lin
Published: August 2024

Background:

The aim of study was to observe the therapeutic effect of joint mobilization of Maitland on subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Methods:

76 subjects with CAI were recruited for this randomized, single-blinded trial and randomized divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The CG was received conventional rehabilitation, and the EG added 8-weeks treatment of Maitland technology based on the CG. The visual analogue scale, ankle range of motion, Y-balance test, and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores (the daily living part of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores and the sport part of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores) were measured before and 8 weeks after the intervention respectively.

Results:

There was no significant difference on outcomes between the 2 groups before treatment (P > .05). After 8 weeks of intervention, the visual analogue scale, ankle range of motion (dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and varus), the value of Y-balance test (forward extension distance, inner extension distance, and posterior extension distance), the daily living part of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores, and the sport part of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scores of the 2 groups were significantly improved (P < .01), and the improvement of the EG showed remarkable than CG (P < .01).

Conclusion:

Maitland therapy is effective in the treatment of CAI. Conventional rehabilitation assisted by Maitland therapy were beneficial to improve pain and functional state in patients with CAI than only routine rehabilitation.
Insomnia among patients with chronic pain: A retrospective study
Authors: Ueda Masataka , Tetsunaga Tomoko , Tetsunaga Tomonori , Nishida Keiichiro , Takatori Ryo , Shitozawa Hisakazu , Uotani Koji , Shinohara Kennsuke , Oda Yoshiaki , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: August 2024

Insomnia can coexist with chronic pain and is a major cause of rapidly increasing medical expenses. However, insomnia has not been fully evaluated in patients with chronic pain. This retrospective study aimed to identify the risk factors for insomnia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. A total of 301 patients with chronic non-cancer pain were enrolled. Patients with the Athens insomnia scale scores ≥ 6 and < 6 were classified into insomnia (+) and insomnia (−) groups, respectively. All patients completed self-report questionnaires as part of their chronic pain treatment approach. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to predict insomnia. We found that 219 of 301 (72.8%) patients met the AIS criteria for insomnia. Significant differences were depicted between patients with and without insomnia in terms of body mass index, numeric rating scale, pain catastrophizing scale, hospital anxiety, and depression scale (HADS), pain disability assessment scale, EuroQol 5 dimension (EQ5D), and pain self-efficacy questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis identified the numeric rating scale, HADS, and EQ5D scores as factors related to insomnia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Anxiety, depression, and disability were associated with a greater tendency toward insomnia. HADS and EQ5D scores are useful screening tools for preventing insomnia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma in the nasopharynx: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chang Yu-Wei , Wu Hsing-Mei
Published: August 2024

Rationale:

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) arising from a minor salivary gland is a rare malignant neoplasm. Most HCCC has been reported in the palate and tongue base, and only rarely in the nasopharynx. Here, we report a rare case of nasopharyngeal HCCC.

Patient concerns:

A 44-year-old male who complained of otorrhea and aural fullness for 5 years was found to have a nasopharyngeal mass.

Diagnoses:

HCCC by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.

Interventions:

Surgical resection plus concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy were administered.

Outcomes:

The patient recovered well with symptoms improved at postoperative follow-up.

Lessons:

HCCC should be included in the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal mass. Overall, the prognosis of HCCC is positive after tumor resection and adequate management.
A case of malignant gastric glomus tumor and literature review: A case report
Authors: Huang Jiannan , Yuan Chaofeng , Zhang Shaopeng , Qu Tong , Suo Jian
Published: August 2024

Rationale:

Malignant gastric glomus tumor (GGT) is an extremely rare malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin, it affects the patient’s health and even threatens life. Malignant GGT with vascular invasion is even more rarely reported in the available literature without a prognostic study. So, in this case, we report a malignant GGT with vascular invasion and performed a 5-year postoperative follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of malignant GGT with vascular invasion without recurrence 5 years after surgery. This provides examples and lessons for the treatment of malignant GGT with vascular invasion.

Patient concerns:

A 49-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with gallbladder stones found on health check. After completing abdominal CT and ultrasound gastroscopy, a mass in the gastric antrum was found.

Diagnoses:

The diagnosis of malignant GGT was confirmed by combination of postoperative pathology with positive immunohistochemistry for SMA, vimentin, synaptophysin, H-caldesmon, and calponin, mitosis > 10/50 HPF and moderate-to-severe nuclear atypia.

Interventions:

On the 6th day of hospitalization, the patient underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and cholecystectomy.

Outcomes:

The patient was discharged successfully 1 week after surgery and was followed up for 5 years without recurrence.

Conclusion:

Malignant GGT can be asymptomatic. For malignant GGT without distant metastasis, despite the presence of vascular invasion, negative margin surgery can still be the standard surgical radical treatment.