bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Prior Probability Information on Large Language Model Performance in Radiological Diagnosis
Authors: Fukushima Takahiro , Kurokawa Ryo , Hagiwara Akifumi , Sonoda Yuki , Asari Yusuke , Kurokawa Mariko , Kanzawa Jun , Gonoi Wataru , Abe Osamu
Published: August 2024

Background

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in radiological diagnosis, but their performance may be affected by the context of the cases presented.

Purpose

To investigate how providing information about prior probabilities influences the diagnostic performance of an LLM in radiological quiz cases.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed 322 consecutive cases from Radiology’s “Diagnosis Please” quiz using Claude 3.5 Sonnet under three conditions: without context (Condition 1), informed as quiz cases (Condition 2), and presented as primary care cases (Condition 3). Diagnostic accuracy was compared using McNemar’s test.

Results

The overall accuracy rate significantly improved in Condition 2 compared to Condition 1 (70.2% vs. 64.9%, p=0.029). Conversely, the accuracy rate significantly decreased in Condition 3 compared to Condition 1 (59.9% vs. 70.2%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Providing context about prior probabilities significantly affects the diagnostic performance of the LLM in radiological cases. This suggests that LLMs may incorporate Bayesian-like principles in their diagnostic approach, highlighting the potential for optimizing LLM’s performance in clinical settings by providing relevant contextual information.

Key Results

LLM’s overall accuracy improved from 64.9% to 70.2% when informed about quiz case nature (p=0.029).

LLM’s overall accuracy decreased to 59.9% when presented with incorrect primary care context (p<0.001).

Results suggest LLMs may utilize Bayesian-like principles in diagnostic reasoning, similar to human radiologists.

Summary Statement

Providing context about prior probabilities significantly influences LLM’s diagnostic performance in radiological cases, suggesting potential for optimizing LLM use in clinical practice through contextual information.
From Compton scattering of photons on targets to inverse Compton scattering of electron and photon beams
Authors: Serafini Luca , Petrillo Vittoria
Published: August 2024

We revisit the kinematics of Compton scattering (electron-photon interactions producing electrons and photons in the exit channel) covering the full range of energy/momenta distribution between the two colliding particles, with a dedicated view to statistical properties of secondary beams that are generated in beam-beam collisions. Starting from the Thomson inverse scattering, where electrons do not recoil and photons are backscattered to higher energies by a Lorentz boost effect (factor 4γ2), we analyze three transition points, separating four regions. These are in sequence, given by increasing the electron recoil (numbers are for transition points and letters for regions): (a) Thomson backscattering, (1) equal sharing of total energy in the exit channel between electron and photon, (b) deep recoil regime where the bandwidth/energy spread of the two interacting beams are exchanged in the exit channel, (2) electron is stopped, i.e., taken down at rest in the laboratory system by colliding with an incident photon of mc2/2 energy, (c) electron backscattering region, where incident electron is backscattered by the incident photon, and (3) symmetric scattering, when the incident particles carry equal and opposite momenta, so that in the exit channel they are backscattered with same energy/momenta, and (d) Compton scattering [ Arthur Compton, see A. J. Compton, A quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays by light elements, , 83 (1923)], where photons carry an energy much larger than the colliding electron energy. For each region and/or transition point, we discuss the potential effects of interest in diverse areas, like generating monochromatic gamma-ray beams in deep recoil regions with spectral purification, or possible mechanisms of generation and propagation of very high energy photons in the cosmological domain.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Indirect detector for ultra-high-speed X-ray micro-imaging with increased sensitivity to near-ultraviolet scintillator emission
Authors: Lukić Bratislav , Rack Alexander , Helfen Lukas , Foster Daniel J. , Ershov Alexey , Welss Richard , François Stéphane , Rochet Xavier
Published: August 2024

Ultra-high-speed synchrotron-based hard X-ray (i.e. above 10 keV) imaging is gaining a growing interest in a number of scientific domains for tracking non-repeatable dynamic phenomena at spatio-temporal microscales. This work describes an optimized indirect X-ray imaging microscope designed to achieve high performance at micrometre pixel size and megahertz acquisition speed. The entire detector optical arrangement has an improved sensitivity within the near-ultraviolet (NUV) part of the emitted spectrum (i.e. 310–430 nm wavelength). When combined with a single-crystal fast-decay scintillator, such as LYSO:Ce (Lu2−x
Y
x
SiO5:Ce), it exploits the potential of the NUV light-emitting scintillators. The indirect arrangement of the detector makes it suitable for high-dose applications that require high-energy illumination. This allows for synchrotron single-bunch hard X-ray imaging to be performed with improved true spatial resolution, as herein exemplified through pulsed wire explosion and superheated near-nozzle gasoline injection experiments at a pixel size of 3.2 µm, acquisition rates up to 1.4 MHz and effective exposure time down to 60 ps.
What is the role of cross-ownership in corporate digital innovation: “stepping stone” or “hindrance”?
Authors: Zhou Maochun , Niu Yuhua
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of cross-ownership on corporate digital innovation and their specific mechanisms. Cross-ownership, who hold equity in two or more companies simultaneously, have two different types of governance effects in the capital market: governance synergistic effects and competitive collusion effects.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a panel model, selecting A-share company data from 2011 to 2021 in China. In total, 23,853 valid data were obtained, which came from the CSMAR database and Wind database. For some missing data, they were manually supplemented by consulting the company's annual report and Sina Finance. Data processing was conducted using EXCEL and Stata16.0 software.

Findings

The results show that cross-ownership promote corporate digital innovation by leveraging governance synergies. Further grouping tests show that the synergistic effects of cross-ownership are significant in non-state-owned, high-tech, weakly competitive and higher analyst attention enterprises. Mechanism testing shows that cross-ownership can empower corporate digital innovation in three ways: reducing information asymmetry, alleviating financing constraints and improving corporate governance.

Originality/value

The conclusion of this paper provides new empirical evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the role of cross-ownership in corporate development, enriches the economic consequences research of chain institutional investors in China and broadens the research perspective of corporate digital innovation. It also provides important references for the digital transformation of enterprises and the healthy development of the capital market.
Firm resilience, stressors, and entrepreneurial well-being: insights from women entrepreneurs in Ghana
Authors: Essuman Dominic , Boso Nathaniel , Addo Asamany Priscilla , Ataburo Henry , Asiedu-Appiah Felicity
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study draws on the conservation of resources logic to theorize the role of firm resilience in explaining variations in entrepreneurial well-being under varying conditions of supply chain disruption and dependency ratio.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses ex-post survey data from 373 women entrepreneurs in diverse agricultural supply chains in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African country. Moderated regression analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that firm resilience has both positive and negative relationships with economic and subjective well-being, depending on the level of supply chain disruption and dependency ratio women entrepreneurs face. Notably, the findings suggest that firm resilience contributes more to economic and subjective well-being of women entrepreneurs when dependency ratio is low and supply chain disruption is high.

Originality/value

The study integrates firm resilience research and entrepreneurial well-being literature to provide new insights into theorizing and analyzing the benefit of firm resilience for women entrepreneurs’ well-being.
SMEs’ maneuvering: efficacy of smart talent management, adoption innovation climate and motivational culture as enablers for improved SMEs’ performance – an empirical study in the Middle East region
Authors: Al-Shboul Moh’d Anwer
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of smart talent management (STM) on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which is mediated by providing an adoption innovation climate, and to verify the moderate power of adoption motivational culture on STM and SMEs performance (SMEsP).

Design/methodology/approach

The quantitative methodology was adopted through an online survey questionnaire to collect data from SMEs listed in Chambers of Commerce and Industry located in Jordan, the United Arab of Emirates and Kind Saudi Arabia in the Middle East region. Responses were collected from 163 firms out of 568, representing a 28.7% response rate. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling technique to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results of this study fail to support the view that STM has a positive and significant effect on SMEs’ performance, as well as the adoption of motivational culture strengthened the relationship between STM and SMEsP. In addition, the adoption of motivational culture strengthened the relationship between STM and SMEs’ performance.

Originality/value

This research extends the application of cognitive social theory, whereby STM functions as a value-adding activity within SMEs. This research extends the application of cognitive social theory, where STM functions as a value-adding activity within SMEs.
Is libraries' use of social media ethical? A phenomenographic investigation of Twitter (X) use at the Bodleian Libraries
Authors: Jones Ross , Birdi Briony
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Social media (SM) has been heavily criticised in recent years for its damaging effects on societies globally. Tasked with empowering those same societies, libraries’ continued use of SM is considered ethically contentious. This study presents the findings of a University of Sheffield study that investigated the ethical tension between libraries and their use of SM by aiming to establish whether: (1) libraries’ use of SM is ethically motivated; (2) ethically informed; (3) and compatible with codes of ethics in the Library and Information Science (LIS) sector.

Design/methodology/approach

A phenomenographic approach was employed to gather and analyse the data for this study, which is drawn from the transcripts of seven online interviews with Bodleian Libraries staff who used Twitter, now X, in a professional capacity.

Findings

Three categories of description were identified among participants: (1) Collectivist conception; (2) Settled conception; (3) Questioning conception. The categories are bound by a shared context of conceptualisation made up of a small set of internal and external influences discussed in the interviews which affected all participants to varying degrees.

Originality/value

The findings were used to support the following determinations: (1) Libraries’ use of SM is ethically motivated. (2) Libraries’ use of SM is ethically informed, in part. Due to lack of evidence, no determination was made about whether libraries’ use of SM is compatible with codes of ethics in the LIS sector. Recommendations for LIS professions and professional bodies are offered based on these determinations.
Unraveling stock exchange connections: an empirical study of India, US, Hong Kong, Germany, France and Amsterdam
Authors: Kushwah Silky Vigg , Goel Payal , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The current study immerses itself in the realm of diversification prospects within a select group of preeminent global stock exchanges. Specifically, the study casts its discerning gaze upon the financial hubs of the United States, Hong Kong, Germany, France, Amsterdam and India. In this expansive vista of international financial markets, the present analytical study aims to unravel the multifaceted opportunities that lie therein for astute portfolio management and strategic investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study encompasses daily time series data spanning from 2019 to 2022. To assess the interconnectedness among these stock indices, advanced statistical techniques, including Johansen cointegration methods and vector autoregressive (VAR) models, have been applied.

Findings

The research outcomes reveal both unidirectional and bidirectional relationships between the Indian, Hong Kong and US stock exchanges, encompassing both short-term and long-term time frames. Interestingly, the empirical findings indicate the presence of diversification opportunities between the Indian stock exchange and the stock exchanges of Germany, France and Amsterdam.

Research limitations/implications

These insights hold significant value for both Indian and international investors, including foreign institutional investors (FIIs), domestic institutional investors (DIIs) and retail investors, as they can utilize this knowledge to construct more effective and diversified investment portfolios by understanding the intricate interconnections between these prominent global stock exchanges.

Originality/value

This research undertaking aspires to bring coherence to a landscape rife with divergent interpretations and methodological divergences. We are poised to offer a comprehensive analysis, a beacon of clarity amidst the murkiness, to shed light on the intricate web of interconnections that underpin the world's stock exchanges. In so doing, we seek to contribute a seminal piece of scholarship that transcends the existing ambiguities and thus empowers the field with a deeper understanding of the multifaceted dynamics governing international stock markets.
An AHP-based evaluation framework for automotive stamping suppliers
Authors: Cihan Ercan Emin , Kabak Özgür
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to establish a robust evaluation framework for suppliers within the automotive supply chain, specifically in the stamping sector. The primary objectives are to elucidate the performance criteria of suppliers, identify indicators and scales for measuring these criteria and find the importance of the criteria.

Design/methodology/approach

The evaluation framework comprises a criteria hierarchy and indicators developed based on the evaluation criteria of major automotive manufacturers. Specific indicators and measurement scales are recommended for assessing suppliers. Importance weights for the criteria are assigned based on the input of nine experts using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Finally, four sheet metal stamping tooling (SMST) suppliers are evaluated by four specialists using the proposed evaluation framework.

Findings

The study introduces a novel classification of criteria, encompassing financial and commercial perspectives, delivery capability, supplier facility and cultural approaches and business process necessities. The findings underscore the significance of financial and commercial stability in the selection of SMST suppliers, emphasizing their role in mitigating risks associated with disruptions, bankruptcies and unforeseen events. Additionally, several SMST evaluation factors identified in this study contribute to the development of resilience capabilities, highlighting the crucial importance of their inclusion and assessment in the proposed evaluation framework.

Originality/value

This research presents a comprehensive model for evaluating SMST suppliers, which tackles the multidisciplinary challenges within the automotive supply chain. Given the inadequacy or nonexistence of current SMTS selection models, this study bridges the gap by exploring potential and necessary criteria, alongside 116 specific indicators and measurement scales.
Clothes consumption and disposal practices: a look at the profile of Brazilian apparel consumers
Authors: Oliveira Rimena Canuto , de Alencar Nääs Irenilza , Garcia Solimar
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to understanding Brazilian fashion consumer behavior. The subsequent research question is formulated as follows: How are the consumers purchasing new clothes and disposing of used ones, and how is their awareness of sustainable fashion consumption and disposal of used clothes?

Design/methodology/approach

An online questionnaire was sent to nearly one thousand e-mails. A database was formed with 182 complete answers to 13 questions concerning consumer behavior toward sustainability, especially clothing acquisition, use and disposal. A multimethod approach was used to analyze the initial attributes, applying descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and data mining.

Findings

This survey obtained valuable answers from Brazilian fashion consumers grouped into four clusters. Age and yearly income were more critical in determining the clusters. Only four attributes were chosen by the algorithm to build the trees (age, annual income, yearly spending on clothes and how long the clothes are worn). The consumer's profile may help the fashion industry redirect investments in sustainability. The most critical factor leading to the sustainability of clothing fashion was the duration of the clothes. The study dealt with a limited sample size that was not representative of Brazil's broader population. Despite numerous attempts to seek responses through e-mail, the participant pool was predominantly composed of highly educated individuals.

Originality/value

This assessment of Brazilian consumer behavior toward sustainability and fashion presents essential knowledge to understand the relationships among variables affecting the purchase and discharge of clothes.
Heritable intraspecific variation among prey in size and movement interact to shape predation risk and potential natural selection
Authors: Coblentz Kyle E. , Yang Liuqingqing , Dalal Arpita , Incarnato Miyauna M. N. , Thilakarathne Dinelka D. , Shaw Cameron , Wilson Ryan , Biagioli Francis , Montooth Kristi L. , DeLong John P.
Published: August 2024

Predator and prey traits are important determinants of the outcomes of trophic interactions. In turn, the outcomes of trophic interactions shape predator and prey trait evolution. How species' traits respond to selection from trophic interactions depends crucially on whether and how heritable species' traits are and their genetic correlations. Of the many traits influencing the outcomes of trophic interactions, body size and movement traits have emerged as key traits. Yet, how these traits shape and are shaped by trophic interactions is unclear, as few studies have simultaneously measured the impacts of these traits on the outcomes of trophic interactions, their heritability, and their correlations within the same system.

We used outcrossed lines of the ciliate protist Paramecium caudatum from natural populations to examine variation in morphology and movement behaviour, the heritability of that variation, and its effects on Paramecium susceptibility to predation by the copepod Macrocyclops albidus.

We found that the Paramecium lines exhibited heritable variation in body size and movement traits. In contrast to expectations from allometric relationships, body size and movement speed showed little covariance among clonal lines. The proportion of Paramecium consumed by copepods was positively associated with Paramecium body size and velocity but with an interaction such that greater velocities led to greater predation risk for large body‐sized paramecia but did not alter predation risk for smaller paramecia. The proportion of paramecia consumed was not related to copepod body size. These patterns of predation risk and heritable trait variation in paramecia suggest that copepod predation may act as a selective force operating independently on movement and body size and generating the strongest selection against large, high‐velocity paramecia.

Our results illustrate how ecology and genetics can shape potential natural selection on prey traits through the outcomes of trophic interactions. Further simultaneous measures of predation outcomes, traits, and their quantitative genetics will provide insights into the evolutionary ecology of species interactions and their eco‐evolutionary consequences.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Eliciting patient past experiences of healthcare discrimination as a potential pathway to reduce health disparities: A qualitative study of primary care staff
Authors: Cortés Dharma E. , Progovac Ana M. , Lu Frederick , Lee Esther , Tran Nathaniel M. , Moyer Margo A. , Odayar Varshini , Rodgers Caryn R. R. , Adams Leslie , Chambers Valeria , Delman Jonathan , Delman Deborah , de Castro Selma , Sánchez Román María José , Kaushal Natasha A. , Creedon Timothy B. , Sonik Rajan A. , Rodriguez Quinerly Catherine , Nakash Ora , Moradi Afsaneh , Abolaban Heba , Flomenhoft Tali , Nabisere Ruth , Mann Ziva , Shu‐Yeu Hou Sherry , Shaikh Farah N. , Flores Michael W. , Jordan Dierdre , Carson Nicholas , Carle Adam C. , Cook Benjamin Lé , McCormick Danny
Published: August 2024

Objective

To understand whether and how primary care providers and staff elicit patients' past experiences of healthcare discrimination when providing care.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Twenty qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with healthcare staff in primary care roles to inform future interventions to integrate data about past experiences of healthcare discrimination into clinical care.

Study Design

Qualitative study.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Data were collected via semi‐structured qualitative interviews between December 2018 and January 2019, with health care staff in primary care roles at a hospital‐based clinic within an urban safety‐net health system that serves a patient population with significant racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity.

Principal Findings

Providers did not routinely, or in a structured way, elicit information about past experiences of healthcare discrimination. Some providers believed that information about healthcare discrimination experiences could allow them to be more aware of and responsive to their patients' needs and to establish more trusting relationships. Others did not deem it appropriate or useful to elicit such information and were concerned about challenges in collecting and effectively using such data.

Conclusions

While providers see value in eliciting past experiences of discrimination, directly and systematically discussing such experiences with patients during a primary care encounter is challenging for them. Collecting this information in primary care settings will likely require implementation of multilevel systematic data collection strategies. Findings presented here can help identify clinic‐level opportunities to do so.
Competing narratives of the Russia–Ukraine war: Why the West hasn't convinced the rest
Authors: Appel Hilary
Published: August 2024

This article examines the narratives surrounding Moscow's full‐scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and beyond. Since the start of the war, Western characterizations of Russia's foreign policy as revanchist and imperialist have been overshadowed by the more successful framing by Russia that its actions were driven by the need to push back on American unipolarity and Western imperialist tendencies. This article examines how the Kremlin's narrative on the war has been embraced by leaders in core BRICS countries, shaping their position vis‐à‐vis Russia and the war. Drawing on theories of strategic narratives, this article highlights how leaders in China, India, Brazil, and South Africa understand the war and create conditions in which Russia can prosecute its war against a neighbor with their support or acquiescence. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and a brief discussion of why theories of strategic narratives have been underappreciated relative to more standard power‐based and materialist explanations of the war's outbreak, scope, and trajectory by scholars of international relations.
Cyprus: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: SÖZEN AHMET , FAUSTMANN HUBERT
Published: August 2024

In 2023, efforts to bridge the island's divide remained stagnant, though there was a notable development: the UN Secretary‐General appointed a personal envoy to investigate the potential for restarting negotiations as the year drew to a close. On the domestic front, within the Greek‐Cypriot‐dominated Republic of Cyprus, the year was characterised by the presidential elections in February 2023 and their aftermath, alongside a persistent influx of migrants and asylum seekers to the island. In the northern part of the island, the de‐facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, 2023 became the year of trauma and collective mourning for the Turkish Cypriots who lost 49 souls during the earthquake in Adıyaman, Turkey, in February.
Dehumanization in the United States carceral system: Pathways to policy reform
Authors: Carriere Kevin R. , Ravn Maria
Published: August 2024

This narrative review examines the cumulative dehumanization process within the United States carceral system, highlighting how current policies perpetuate harm and undermine the well‐being of incarcerated individuals. Through a narrative review of interdisciplinary research, we explore the psychological, sociological, and legal dimensions of life within prison walls. We argue that the cumulative dehumanization inherent in these practices not only risks the safety and futures of prisoners but also creates environments that increase the likelihood of rule infractions and extended sentences. We identify and highlight the process of dehumanization across individual, interpersonal, institutional, and systemic levels. Our analysis focuses on three critical policy areas: the goals and directives of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the use of subminimum wages and forced labor, and the impact of fees on prisoners’ access to healthcare. By prioritizing respect, fairness, and humane treatment, we can dismantle the structures perpetuating dehumanization and harm.

Public Significance Statement

This paper reviews the research surrounding cumulative dehumanization in prison life. It provides three policy recommendations in order to combat the dehumanization of prisoners, including changing the directive of the Bureau of Prisons, ending the use of subminimal wages, and removing fees from prisoners seeking medical treatment.
In a nutshell: TTP and pregnancy
Authors: Gounder P. , Scully M.
Published: August 2024

Acute thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) may present at any stage of pregnancy and the puerperium. Without prompt diagnosis and therapy, serious maternal and fetal outcomes may result. ADAMTS13 replacement via plasma exchange and immunosuppression are the mainstay of treatment. There may be a role, however, for newer therapies, including caplacizumab and recombinant ADAMTS13. Differentiation of immune TTP and congenital TTP is vital, particularly to guide the management of subsequent pregnancies.
How does soil water retention change over time? A three‐year field study under several production systems
Authors: Pirlot Clémence , Renard Anne‐Catherine , De Clerck Caroline , Degré Aurore
Published: August 2024

Agricultural practices and meteorological conditions affect soil structure and soil hydraulic properties. However, their temporal evolution is rarely studied, and even less in the field. Thus, their dynamics are rarely taken into account in models, often leading to inconsistent results and poor decision making. In this study, the temporal evolution of water retention properties and soil structure was monitored over a 3‐year period under several contrasting production systems. Soil Water Retention Curves (SWRCs) obtained directly in the field (with soil water content and potential sensors) were compared with theoretical SWRCs predicted by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and laboratory SWRCs measured on undisturbed samples. Bulk densities were measured every 2 months. Results indicate a high degree of variability in SWRCs over time and between production systems. The results suggest that variations in the soil water retention behaviour can be induced by crop differentiation, weed control, crop residue management, compaction during harvest, or the introduction of temporary grassland. Contrasting climatic conditions between 2021 (water excess), 2022 (severe drought) and 2023 (intermediate) provided a unique opportunity to study the resilience of the crop systems to extreme climatic conditions. Different soil drying dynamics were observed and some agricultural practices were identified as influencing the soil water retention behaviour for at least 2 years. Comparison of SWRCs showed that the theoretical curves obtained from PTFs are not a good representation of the field SWRCs, especially for less conventional agricultural practices. The laboratory curves are closer with similar trends. However, these SWRCs are not optimal for investigating the temporal evolution of water retention properties. This research also shows that agricultural practices and crops can be levers for contributing to greater food resilience against future climatic conditions. Therefore, to assess the relevance of production systems for tomorrow's needs, studies should focus on the impact of multi‐cropping systems on water retention dynamics in the field.
A code change‐oriented approach to just‐in‐time defect prediction with multiple input semantic fusion
Authors: Huang Teng , Yu Hui‐Qun , Fan Gui‐Sheng , Huang Zi‐Jie , Wu Chen‐Yu
Published: August 2024

Recent research found that fine‐tuning pre‐trained models is superior to training models from scratch in just‐in‐time (JIT) defect prediction. However, existing approaches using pre‐trained models have their limitations. First, the input length is constrained by the pre‐trained models.Secondly, the inputs are change‐agnostic.To address these limitations, we propose JIT‐Block, a JIT defect prediction method that combines multiple input semantics using changed block as the fundamental unit. We restructure the JIT‐Defects4J dataset used in previous research. We then conducted a comprehensive comparison using eleven performance metrics, including both effort‐aware and effort‐agnostic measures, against six state‐of‐the‐art baseline models. The results demonstrate that on the JIT defect prediction task, our approach outperforms the baseline models in all six metrics, showing improvements ranging from 1.5% to 800% in effort‐agnostic metrics and 0.3% to 57% in effort‐aware metrics. For the JIT defect code line localization task, our approach outperforms the baseline models in three out of five metrics, showing improvements of 11% to 140%.
Synergistic effects on dielectric and complex impedance properties in Ti3AlC2 MAX phase‐infused PVDF‐HFP/PMMA nanocomposites
Authors: Panda Subhasree , Pasha S. K. Khadheer
Published: August 2024

A simple solution casting technique was used to formulate films of polyvinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene, polymethylmethacrylate, and Ti3AlC2 MAX phase polymer nanocomposites (PPT) with different filler content. The functional groups present in the PPT films were studied using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the nature of crystallinity was observed using X‐ray diffraction technique. The morphology of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal analysis was done using the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry analysis. The tensile behavior of the prepared films was studied from the stress‐strain graphs. The ultraviolet–visible spectra revealed their optical characteristics. The dielectric parameters of the polymer blend and nanocomposite films like dielectric constant, loss tangent, AC conductivity, and complex impedance spectroscopy with corresponding equivalent circuits were studied. A comparative study of the above parameters was done for both the polymer blend and nanocomposites to find out the advancement in the properties of the prepared nanocomposite compared with the polymer blend. The nanocomposite film having 3 wt% of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase filler loading exhibited the best properties among all the nanocomposites. The enhanced dielectric properties of the nanocomposites with mechanical and thermal resistance can be used for real‐time efficient energy storage applications.
Experimental study of solar drying kinetics and evaluation of activation energy of Eriobotrya japonica fruits
Authors: Bougayr El Houssayne , Moussaoui Haytem , Bahammou Younes , Lakhal El Khadir , Idlimam Raja
Published: August 2024

Given the seasonal nature and high perishability of Eriobotrya japonica fruits, employing effective preservation techniques like drying is crucial to minimize economic losses and extend the fruit's availability throughout the year. This study rigorously examines the drying kinetics of Eriobotrya japonica fruits using an indirect forced convection solar dryer and highlights the technological advantages of utilizing this dryer over traditional open‐air methods, showing that controlled conditions provide improved drying rates. The research develops the equation for the characteristic drying curve. The Midilli‐Kucuk model was demonstrated to be the most appropriate for describing these kinetics under various conditions, offering a reliable method for predicting drying behavior at untested temperatures. The thermal diffusivity was determined and rises as the temperature increases. The application of the Arrhenius approach enabled the determination of an activation energy of 17.79 kJ/mol, confirming the substantial impact of temperature on the drying process.

Practical applications

The global challenge of food preservation, especially for perishable fruits like Eriobotrya japonica, requires innovative and efficient solutions to minimize economic losses and ensure the year‐round availability of nutritious produce. Our research demonstrates the technological advantages of using a forced convection solar dryer over traditional methods for drying E. japonica. This system maintains a consistent air temperature, ensuring a stable energy supply, faster, and more uniform drying. A major contribution of this study is the development of the characteristic drying curve equation, which is crucial for optimizing drying parameters and designing an efficient solar dryer specifically for E. japonica. This research not only advances the understanding of the drying kinetics and thermal properties of E. japonica but also provides a foundation for the development of more efficient and sustainable drying technologies. By optimizing the drying process, this study contributes to improving the preservation and quality of loquat fruits, thereby supporting agricultural sustainability and reducing post‐harvest losses. This work is highly relevant to the broader energy community, as it showcases the potential of solar drying technologies in enhancing food preservation while promoting the use of renewable energy sources.
MMP13 Expression and Activity Suggest Its Role in Bone Resorption in Ameloblastomas
Authors: Valeriano Alline Teixeira , Camara Lais Santos , Bernardes Vanessa de Fátima , Pais Fabiano Sviatopolk‐Mirsky , Araújo Flávio Marcos Gomes , Salim Anna Christina de Matos , Fernandes Gabriel da Rocha , Stussi Fernanda , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , de Andrade Santos Pedro Paulo , de Souza Lélia Batista , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Diniz Marina Gonçalves
Published: August 2024

Background

Ameloblastoma is a locally destructive benign odontogenic tumor. While the neoplastic cells of conventional ameloblastoma can infiltrate the connective tissue and bone, in unicystic ameloblastoma the epithelium is encapsulated. The mechanisms driving ameloblastoma's bone resorption remains unclear.

Methods

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed in a discovery cohort of conventional ameloblastoma, and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out. mRNA levels of MMP13, a gene associated with bone resorption, were assessed using RT‐qPCR in a larger cohort of conventional ameloblastoma and in unicystic ameloblastoma. Zymogram gels and the immunoexpression profile of collagenase 3 (encoded by MMP13 gene) were evaluated as well.

Results

Enriched pathways related to bone mineralization and upregulation of MMP13 were observed in ameloblastomas. Collagenolytic activity of collagenase 3 was detected in the tumor lysates. Collagenase 3 immunopositivity was observed in ameloblastomatous epithelium infiltrating the fibrous capsule of unicystic ameloblastoma. At the tumor–bone interface, collagenase 3 expression was detected in stromal cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.

Conclusion

The results indicate a potential involvement of MMP13 in ameloblastoma‐related bone resorption and progression.
Effect of different surface treatments and adhesive cementation on the surface topography and flexural strength of translucent and ultra‐translucent monolithic zirconia
Authors: da Silva Bianca Cristina Dantas , da Silva Sarah Emille Gomes , da Silva Nathália Ramos , de Moreira Fernanda Gurgel Gois , Souza Karina Barbosa , Zhang Yu , de Souza Rodrigo Othávio Assunção
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and adhesive cementation on the miniflexural strength (MFS) of monolithic zirconia.

Materials and Methods

Two‐hundred and forty (240) sintered bars of translucent zirconia (ZT) and ultra‐translucent zirconia (ZUT) were obtained (8 mm ×2 mm ×1 mm). The bars were divided into 16 groups (n = 15) according to the factors “Zirconia” (ZT and ZUT), “Cementation” (Cem) and “surface treatment” (Ctrl:Control, Al:Aluminum oxide/Al2O3 50 µm, Si:Silica/SiO2 coated alumina particles oxide 30 µm, Gl:Glazing+hydrofluoric acid). Half of the bars received an adhesive layer application, followed by application of resin cement and light curing. The surface roughness was measured in non‐cemented groups. All the bars were subjected to the MFS test (1.0 mm/min; 100 kgf). Scanning electron microscopy was used for qualitative analyses. MFS data (MPa) and roughness (µm) were statistically evaluated by three‐way and two‐way ANOVA respectively and Tukey's test (5%).

Results

The surface treatment and the interaction were significant for roughness. Glazing promoted less roughness compared to silicatization. Regarding MFS, only the zirconia and surface treatment factors were significant. For ZT, the sandblasted groups had an increase in MFS and glazing reduced it. There was no difference between the groups without cementation for the ZUT; however, ZUT.Si/Cem, and ZUT.Al/Cem obtained superior MFS among the cemented groups.

Conclusions

Sandblasting increases the flexural strength for ZT, while glaze application tends to reduce it. Applying resin cement increases the flexural strength of ZUT when associated with sandblasting. Sandblasting protocols promote greater surface roughness.
Local delivery of pamidronate with collagen matrix mitigates buccal bone resorption following immediate implant placement – An experimental in vivo study
Authors: Hong Inpyo , Joo Jeung‐Min , Kwon Yoon‐Hee , Wu David T. , Sanz Mariano , Jung Ui‐Won , Cha Jae‐Kook
Published: August 2024

Aims

The aim of this experimental in vivo pilot study was to evaluate the effect of the local delivery of pamidronate within a collagen membrane on the changes in the buccal soft and hard tissue dimensions at the time of immediate implant placement and whether this effect was influenced by the placement of bone substitutes.

Methods

In six beagle dogs, the distal roots of the third and fourth premolars were extracted, and immediate implants were placed. Treatment groups were randomly allocated to each socket: (i) covering the buccal bone with pamidronate‐soaked collagen membrane (BP group), (ii) filling the gap defect with synthetic bone substitute (BS group), (iii) filling the gap defect with synthetic bone substitute and covering the buccal bone with pamidronate soaked collagen membrane (BP/BS group), (iv) no treatment (control group). Intraoral scanning was performed immediately after the surgery and at 20 weeks. Histomorphometric and micro‐computed tomography (CT) outcomes were evaluated at 20 weeks.

Results

The micro CT analysis demonstrated that the BP group showed no apparent difference in vertical bone level with residual mesial root area, while control group showed significant buccal bone resorption at the implant site. The histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the vertical bone level of buccal plate was significantly differed between the BP and control group (0.34 ± 0.93 and 1.27 ± 0.56 mm, respectively; p = .041). There was no statistically significant difference in the horizontal ridge width (HRW 1, 2, 3) among the groups. Also, the thickness, height and buccal contours of the soft tissue did not reveal significant changes among the groups.

Conclusion

The local delivery of pamidronate to the outer surface of the buccal wall at the time of immediate implant placement effectively limits buccal bone resorption. The results from the present investigation should be interpreted with caution, as well as its clinical translatability. Further investigation is needed to understand the pamidronate binding and releasing kinetic, as well as the ideal carrier of this drug for its topical application.
N400 or P600?—A Systematic Review of ERP Studies on Gender Stereotype Violations
Authors: Porkert Joanna , Siyanova‐Chanturia Anna , Loerts Hanneke , Schüppert Anja , Keijzer Merel
Published: August 2024

Psycholinguistic studies using the event‐related brain potential (ERP) technique have found both N400 and P600 effects for gender stereotype violations. The finding of a P600 effect for this type of world knowledge violation is surprizing given that this component is traditionally associated with syntactic violations. In this paper, we set out to systematically analyse design‐ and task patterns of ERP studies investigating gender stereotype violations. Based on our review, we propose a scheme that predicts a P600 effect for gender stereotype violations for stimuli comprising entire sentences, and specifically when the gender stereotype serves to establish coherence in inferences (i.e., expecting a specific referent gender or a stereotype‐appropriate behaviour of the sentence subject based on the gender stereotype information). We predict an N400 effect for gender stereotype information that does not serve to establish coherence in inferences, as well as in priming paradigms. By extension, our predictive scheme suggests that the N400 may reflect a hybrid process of semantic retrieval and integration, while the P600 may reflect a cognitive process of error monitoring, and mental revision. Our study can aid in the interpretation of previous findings and inform future studies investigating gender stereotyping.
The Ilizarov Technique: A Dynamic Solution for Orthopaedic Challenges
Authors: Guan Shengsheng , Du Hui , Wu Yong , Qin Sihe
Published: August 2024

The Ilizarov technique is one of the most important tools that is currently employed in bone reconstruction surgeries. Its inception dates back to the mid‐20th century and involves various bone reconstruction methodologies implemented using a circular external fixator system devised by G. A. Ilizarov. The key advantages of this approach include the generation of viable new bone via distraction osteogenesis, high union rates, and the functional utilization of the limb during the treatment process. The exploration of distraction osteogenesis phenomenon triggered by tensile stress with the Ilizarov device served as a catalyst for progress in bone reconstruction surgery. Subsequently, the original technique has been utilized alongside several adaptations resulting from the introduction of novel fixation tools and methods of their application, such as hexapod external fixators and motorized intramedullary lengthening nails. It is crucial to possess a precise comprehension of the Ilizarov principles of deformity correction in order to effectively utilize this fixation system. In this article, we will discuss the history of Ilizarov frame, the basic sciences behind it, the mechanical principles governing its use, and the clinical application of the fixation system in our daily practice.
Algorithmic formalization: Impacts on administrative processes
Authors: Cordella Antonio , Gualdi Francesco
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the influence of algorithms on the administrative processes within public organizations, utilizing the foundational theory of formalization from Walsh and Dewar (1987) as a framework. Introduces the concept of “algorithmic formalization”, a new form of formalization induced by the adoption of algorithms, which fundamentally alters administrative workflows. Focusing on COMPAS algorithm used in the US judiciary for risk assessment, the paper illustrates how the algorithm serves multiple roles – as code, channel, and standard – systematizing administrative processes related to risk assessment and judicial decisions. By delving into COMPAS case study, the research sheds light on the novel concept of algorithmic formalization, emphasizing its significant repercussions for analyzing and applying algorithmic administrative processes.
Is the wrongness of murder a universal moral hinge?
Authors: Manhire Ryan
Published: August 2024

This paper challenges a dualistic picture popularised by Nigel Pleasants at the centre of influential investigations into the possibility of Wittgensteinian forms of moral certainty. The dualistic picture takes it for granted that moral certainty concerns both a series of hinge propositions that are beyond doubt, make no sense to justify and cannot be expressed in ordinary discourse and a phenomenon that is only ever instantiated in our ways of acting. I consider tensions in this account as they relate to ‘Murder is wrong’ as a moral hinge proposition by drawing on the life and lyrics of US hip‐hop artist Kendrick Lamar. My claim is that the Lamar example highlights important tensions in our relation to the wrongness of murder that many would understand to occur within the moral realm, but which are conceptually ruled out from dualistic accounts of moral certainty. The plausibility of the dualistic picture must therefore be reassessed.
Probing skin photoallergens in reconstructed human epidermis: An EPR spin trapping investigation
Authors: Port‐Lougarre Yannick , Voegeli Guillaume , Vileno Bertrand , Giménez‐Arnau Elena
Published: August 2024

Photoallergic contact dermatitis is a skin disease caused by combined exposure to photoreactive chemicals and sunlight. Exposure to allergens and the risk of skin sensitization is an essential regulatory issue within the industry. Yet, only few non‐validated assays for photoallergy assessment exist as the pathogenesis is not fully deciphered. Improving such assays and/or developing new ones require an understanding of the chemical mechanisms involved. The first key event in the photosensitization process, namely chemical binding of the photoallergen to endogenous proteins, is thought to proceed via photo‐mediated radicals arising from the photoallergen. Moreover, the mechanism of action of these radicals if formed in the epidermis is not known and far from being unraveled. We present here an original proof‐of‐concept methodology to probe radical generation from allergens in contact with photoexposed skin, using electron paramagnetic resonance and spin trapping in a reconstructed human epidermis model mimicking real‐life exposure scenarios.