bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicit Theories, Social Support, and Hope as Serial Mediators for Predicting Academic Self-Efficacy Among Higher Education Students
Authors: Mana Adi , Saka Noa , Dahan Orit , Ben-Simon Anat , Margalit Malka
Published: May 2020

This study examined the predictive role of learning difficulties in the academic self-efficacy of students enrolled in higher education institutions and the serial multiple mediation of inner and external resources. The sample consisted of 2,113 students (age range = 18–35 years) at 25 higher education institutions in Israel. Participants were divided into four groups: (a) 668 typical students (without learning difficulties or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), (b) 370 students with self-reported but undiagnosed academic difficulties, (c) 372 students diagnosed with specific learning disabilities (SLDs), and (d) 703 students diagnosed with attention-deficit disorders (ADHD). Implicit theories on accommodations, perceptions of social support, hope, and academic self-efficacy were examined. Results demonstrated that students with SLD and ADHD had higher beliefs in the value of expectations, yet they experienced lower levels of academic self-efficacy than their typical peers. These implicit theories did not predict directly the academic self-efficacy, but external resources (perceptions of support) and internal resources (hope) mediated these relationships. The results focused on the accommodations and beliefs in their value for predicting academic self-efficacy, and the importance of social support and hope.
First-movers and industry shakeups: How public newspapers define value
Authors: Boyles Jan Lauren
Published: May 2020

With profitability for newspapers waning, publications are seeking new investments to bolster their bottom lines. At the same time, newspaper executives are experiencing pressures to generate new value from “first-mover advantages”—the company’s uptake of new products, processes, or markets. This research examines 4 years of 10-K filings from a sample of the United States’ publicly owned newspapers, finding that corporate newspapers expanded notions of value to encompass the impact of their newsgathering operations.
Teaching and Researching Genre Knowledge: Toward an Enhanced Theoretical Framework
Authors: Tardy Christine M. , Sommer-Farias Bruna , Gevers Jeroen
Published: May 2020

Increased attention to genre in writing studies has brought a proliferation of new terms and concepts for capturing the complexity of writers’ knowledge about genres, including genre knowledge, genre awareness, recontextualization, conditional knowledge, and metacognition. Definitions of these concepts have at times conflicted, and their interrelationships are often unclear. Furthermore, scholarship has tended to overlook the role of multiple languages in writers’ genre knowledge. In this article, we first trace the use of related terminology and demonstrate the need for theoretical clarity. We then propose a theoretical framework that articulates key layers of genre knowledge and their interrelations, presuming a multilingual writer. Finally, we share examples of how this proposed framework may be used in teaching and researching genre knowledge. Ultimately, we aim to contribute to ongoing theoretical, empirical, and pedagogical explorations and applications of knowing and learning genres.
Differentiating Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence From Other Violent Offenders Using a Statistical Learning Model: The Role of Cognition and Life History Variables
Authors: Fox Jaclyn M. , Reilly James L. , Kosson David S. , Brown Allison , Hanlon Robert E. , Brook Michael
Published: May 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread crime that victimizes over 4-million women per year in the United States and results in significant monetary cost and unmeasured physical and psychological consequences for victims. Specialized IPV offender treatment programs demonstrate limited effectiveness, which may be due to an insufficient understanding of the factors that differentiate between IPV perpetrators and non-IPV violent offenders. In this study, we utilized classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to identify combinations of factors that best discriminate IPV perpetrators from non-IPV violent offenders. We also compared cognitive abilities between IPV perpetrators and non-IPV violent offenders using standardized neurocognitive tests. CART analysis presented two pathways for identifying offenders as IPV perpetrators: (a) extensive nonviolent criminal history and (b) moderate-to-severe expression of interpersonal traits of psychopathy without attentional deficits. In addition, a third pathway identified non-IPV violent offenders: (c) low levels of interpersonal psychopathic traits and no history of neurodevelopmental diagnosis. IPV perpetrators demonstrated intact cognition relative to test norms, and study groups did not significantly differ on cognitive performance. These findings suggest that individuals with multiple arrests for nonviolent crime or individuals with interpersonal traits of psychopathy without attentional difficulties may be at enhanced risk for IPV perpetration.
Violence Typologies Among Youth: A Latent Class Analysis of Middle and High School Youth
Authors: Siller Laura , Edwards Katie M. , Banyard Victoria
Published: May 2020

Research documents high rates of interpersonal violence (e.g., bullying, dating violence, sexual assault) among middle and high school youth, during which time dating and sexual relationships are emerging. Most research to date focuses on one type of violence at a time or examines the co-occurrence of violence within an age group. This study examined interpersonal violence victimization and perpetration (IVVP) within the context of middle and high school with data from 738 middle school students and 1,311 high school students. Results show distinct classes, or groups, of IVVP among middle and high school students. Three classes emerged for the middle school sample and included a normative class (66.8%; n = 493), a victim of bullying class (28.1%; n = 207), and a mixed/poly-victim class (5.2%; n = 38). Five classes emerged for the high school sample and included a normative class (66.7%; n = 975), a victim of bullying class (18.1%; n = 237), a homophobic bully–victim class (11.0%; n = 144), a poly-victim class (3.1%; n = 40), and a sexual assault perpetrator class (1.1%; n = 15). Demographic and adjustment indicators differentiated many of the classes in each age group. The findings illustrate that there are distinct differences between middle and high school student’s exposure to and perpetration of violence. Middle school students may be best served by programs that address victimization experiences while high school may be a developmental moment to introduce sexual assault prevention programs.
Multilayered Socialization Processes in Transgenerational Family Firms
Authors: Bika Zografia , Rosa Peter , Karakas Fahri
Published: May 2020

Building on an in-depth case study of a four-generational Scottish family firm, we generate a triple-layered model of socialization. Our findings go beyond the traditional focus on internal family socialization and value transmission and suggest that socialization involves three concentric layers unfolding over time, each with a distinct set of dimensions, values, challenges and processes: internal (transmitting knowledge within the family), interactive (resolving competing role demands through peer interactions), and experiential (interacting with both peer groups and malleable societal/economic frames). This novel theorization provides a promising framework for future research seeking to explain the complexities of socialization processes in transgenerational family firms.
A Typology of Family Firms: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance
Authors: Stanley Laura J. , Hernández-Linares Remedios , López-Fernández María Concepción , Kellermanns Franz W.
Published: May 2020

Drawing on family firm heterogeneity research, we develop a typology of family firms using differences in family influence and firm life cycle. We offer hypotheses regarding the relationships between the different firm types and two important outcomes: Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance. Applying latent profile analysis to a sample of 684 Spanish and Portuguese family firms using variables related to family influence (i.e., ownership, family CEO) and firm life cycle (i.e., generational management, size, and presence of board of directors), we find four family firm types, which differentially affect EO and performance. Implications of our findings for EO, family firm performance, and the development of family firm typologies are discussed.
Firm Acquisitions by Family Firms: A Mixed Gamble Approach
Authors: Hussinger Katrin , Issah Abdul-Basit
Published: May 2020

This study elucidates the mixed gamble confronting family firms when considering a related firm acquisition. The socioemotional and financial wealth trade-off associated with related firm acquisitions as well as their long-term horizon turns family firms more likely to undertake a related acquisition than nonfamily firms, especially when they are performing above their aspiration level. Postmerger performance pattern confirms that family firms are able to create long-term value through these acquisitions, and by doing so, they surpass nonfamily firms. These findings stand in contrast to commonly used behavioral agency predictions but can be reconciled with theory through a mixed gamble lens.
Managing Family-Related Conflicts in Family Businesses: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Qiu Hong , Freel Mark
Published: May 2020

This review examines how family businesses manage family-related conflicts that occur at three interfaces: family-business, family-ownership, and family-business-ownership. We find that work-family conflicts, conflicts of interest, and relationship conflicts are prevalent family-related conflicts. Four conflict management strategies are frequently used to deal with these conflicts: vacillation, domination, separation, and third-party intervention. The popularity of these strategies is influenced by some unique characteristics of family businesses, such as high emotional attachment among family members. By integrating insights from the broader conflict research, paradox and dialectic studies, we develop a research agenda targeted at better connecting family-related conflicts to conflict management strategies.
Family Business Succession: What’s Motivation Got to Do With It?
Authors: Gagné Marylène , Marwick Connor , Brun de Pontet Stéphanie , Wrosch Carsten
Published: May 2020

Family businesses represent 80% of global business structures, but the low rate of successful transgenerational succession can have drastic implications for employees and local economies. A 12-year longitudinal study of 89 Canadian family businesses revealed that successors’ confidence and perceptions of incumbent support predicted successor intrinsic motivation to take over the business, which in turn predicted whether the business was successfully transferred 12 years later. Incumbent support and intrinsic motivation mediated the relation between incumbent trust in the successor and successful business succession. This study demonstrates the dual importance of incumbent and successor psychological states in determining succession outcomes.
Adolescents’ Future Time Perspective and Career Construction: Career Adaptability as Mediator and Hope as Moderator
Authors: Jia Yin , Hou Zhi-Jin , Shen Jie
Published: May 2020

The current study examined a moderated mediation model of future time perspective (FTP; valence and connectedness) related to career construction with career adaptability as a mediator and hope as a moderator among 472 Chinese vocational school adolescents. Regression analysis revealed career adaptability partially mediated the relation from valence to career construction and fully mediated the relationship from connectedness to career construction. Furthermore, hope significantly moderated the mediation model, both mediating effects were more salient at the low level of hope, and the relations of valence and connectedness to career adaptability were stronger at the low level of hope. The result confirmed the motivational role of FTP as adaptivity in career construction model of adaptation. Implications about FTP and hope in career construction are discussed.
Evaluating upper limb function after stroke using the free-living accelerometer data
Authors: Tang Lin , Halloran Shane , Shi Jian Qing , Guan Yu , Cao Chunzheng , Eyre Janet
Published: May 2020

Accelerometer devices are becoming efficient tools in clinical studies for automatically measuring the activities of daily living. Such data provides a time series describing activity level at every second and displays a subject’s activity pattern throughout a day. However, the analysis of such data is very challenging due to the large number of observations produced each second and the variability among subjects. The purpose of this study is to develop efficient statistical analysis techniques for predicting the recovery level of the upper limb function after stroke based on the free-living accelerometer data. We propose to use a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based method for clustering and extracting new features to capture the information contained in the raw data. A nonlinear mixed effects model with Gaussian Process prior for the random effects is developed as the predictive model for evaluating the recovery level of the upper limb function. Results of applying to the accelerometer data for patients after stroke are presented.
Can hype be a force for good?: Inviting unexpected engagement with science and technology futures
Authors: Roberson Tara M.
Published: May 2020

Hype, or simplified and sensationalised science, appears to be inescapable in science communication with examples extending from viral social media accounts and ‘breakthrough’-themed press releases, to the mediated claims of the celebrity scientist. In science communication, the negative effects of hype are familiar. The question is whether hype is always a distortion and a lie, or can it be redeemed? This essay reviews the contribution of hype to science, specifically in terms of encouraging reflexivity for science and technology. I present three perspectives on hype and invite further conversation on the role of hype in science communication.
Afterthoughts on colonoscopy. Was it that bad?
Authors: Decruz Glenn M , Ng Cheng H , Lim Kia T , Devi M K , Lim Frances , Tai Chia H , Chong Choon S
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Colorectal cancer is among the top three most common cancers globally. In order to reduce the health burden, it is important to improve the uptake of colorectal cancer screening by understanding the barriers and facilitators encountered. There are numerous reports in the literature on the views of the general public on cancer screening. However, the experiences of colonoscopy patients are not as well studied. This paper maps their perceptions.

Methods

Keyword searches for terms such as ‘colorectal’, ‘colonoscopy’ and ‘qualitative’ were conducted on 3 December 2019 in five databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core Collection. Qualitative articles that quoted colonoscopy-experienced patients with no prior history of colorectal cancer were included for the thematic analysis. The systematic review was then synthesized according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

The major themes were distilled into three categories: pre-procedure, during and post-procedure. The factors identified in the pre-procedure phase include the troublesome bowel preparation, poor quality of information provided and the dynamics within a support network. Perceptions of pain, emotional discomfort and the role of providers mark the experience during the procedure. The receipt of results, opportunities given for discussion and finances relating to colonoscopy are important post-procedure events.

Conclusion

Understanding colorectal cancer screening behaviour is fundamental for healthcare providers and authorities to develop system and personal level changes for the improvement of colorectal cancer screening services. The key areas include patient comfort, the use of clearer instructional aids and graphics, establishing good patient rapport, and the availability of individualized options for sedation and the procedure.
Climate Change, Heat Waves and Thermal Comfort—Reflections on Housing Policy in India
Authors: Mahadevia Darshini , Pathak Minal , Bhatia Neha , Patel Shaurya
Published: May 2020

Housing ideally supplies many physical comforts, social and economic benefits, as well as forms the basis for the right to the city. It also addresses an additional challenge of adaptation to the current as well as expected impacts of climate change—one of them being heat waves—especially in the context of developing countries like India. Few studies in the Indian context have explicitly examined the experience of heat on the indoor temperatures linked to the housing quality and typologies and the quality of the surroundings. Official state and urban policies do not explicitly include heatproofing for existing or new housing to address indoor heat exposure, especially in the case of vulnerable populations. We have measured the indoor and outdoor temperatures in 860 low-income residents living in three different housing typologies in 26 settlements (formal and informal) of Ahmedabad, India, in peak summer months. Building the case for a long-term urban housing strategy to address the impact of indoor temperature particularly for low-income households and residents of informal housing, we argue that conscious and deliberate efforts towards heatproofing existing informal housing are required. One of the options, which is being pursued currently, is transiting informal housing dwellers to formal housing. But, another one for immediate consideration is renewal of current informal housing due to limited coverage possibility of the first option.
Exploring Rural–Urban Inequality in India in the Post-economic Reform Period
Authors: Kundu Debolina , Pandey Arvind
Published: May 2020

Structural reforms were adopted by India in the early 1990s. Despite a slowdown in the major economies of the world due to global financial crisis in 2008–2009, Indian economy has consistently performed better and achieved a growth rate of 8–9 per cent in the past decade. The proponents of the economic reforms thus believe that the measures of structural adjustment would bring about economic growth and narrow down the rural–urban gap in India. In this context, this article examines the impact of the reforms on rural–urban disparities with regard to select indicators of socio-economic development. This has been addressed by studying the pattern of education attainment levels, employment level and status, and the wage and consumption expenditures of rural and urban workers in India from 1993–1994 to 2011–2012. The results from the four rounds of the national sample survey (NSS) show that in the corresponding period, the gap between rural and urban areas has come down in the select indicators except employment.
Changing Urban Ecology a Challenge for Coastal Urban Resilience: A Study on Muscat
Authors: Nasiri Noura Al , Al-Awadhi Talal , Hereher Mohamed , Ahsan Reazul , AlRubkhi AL Ghaliya
Published: May 2020

Rapid urbanisation has always been considered a determinant of the changing urban ecology, which encompasses vegetation, open spaces and vacant land to a compact urban area. Such changes of urban ecology expose coastal cities and make them vulnerable to natural disasters like flash floods and storm surges. This study uses the Compound Annual Growth Rate model and geospatial analysis to assess the changes to the urban ecology along the 43 km long coastline of Muscat, one of the fastest growing highly urbanized coastal capitals of the Arab world. The changes are calculated on 5 m and 10 m datums for three time periods (1990s, 2010s and 2017 onwards). The study finds that since the 2010s both the agricultural and low land have changed to a compact urban built-up area; highly dense vegetation and open spaces changed to scattered ornamental plantation and impervious areas. Such changes to the urban ecology along the coastline increase the vulnerability of Muscat to both sudden and slow onset of natural disasters. A critical literature analysis was also conducted to understand the changes to the urban ecology due to urbanization of global coastal cities in comparison to Muscat. With the quantitative data from the growth model and qualitative approach from critical literature analysis, this article finds that urban resilience for the Muscat coastline has been compromised due to changes in the urban ecology.
Life, liberty and the therapeutic relationship: examining the place of compulsory treatment in modern psychiatry
Authors: Hegarty Lachlan , Brusasco Mikaela
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Compulsory treatment in psychiatry is controversial and its use has been increasingly critiqued following the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. This essay seeks to explore whether the restriction of personal liberty and autonomy that compulsory treatment requires can be justified on ethical or medical grounds.

Conclusions:

Compulsory treatment is not without potential harms to the doctor–patient therapeutic relationship and patient engagement with mental health services. However, we contend that the clinical and societal benefits of compulsory treatment justify its practice and that, paradoxically, compulsory treatment is necessary for the restoration of a patient’s autonomy rather than its dispossession.
B·RIGHT: usability and satisfaction with a mobile app for self-managing emotional crises in patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Frías Álvaro , Palma Carol , Salvador Ana , Aluco Elena , Navarro Sara , Farriols Núria , Aliaga Ferrán , Solves Laia , Antón Meritxell
Published: May 2020

Objective:

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by emotional crises. To date, crisis interventions for BPD have been conducted via telephone calls and emergency units, which are associated with an extra amount of resources. The aim of this research was to test the usability and satisfaction with a psychotherapeutic mobile app for self-managing crises in BPD.

Method:

The B·RIGHT app was designed based on Artificial Intelligence psychotherapeutic algorithms. Usability and satisfaction with the app were assessed in 25 outpatients diagnosed with BPD (84% female, mean age = 35.80 years) using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and other questionnaires. Clinical features were assessed using the Borderline Symptom List, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Beck’s Depression Inventory.

Results:

Patients with BPD considered the app user-friendly (mean total score = 4.03) and highly satisfactory (mean total score = 4.02), resulting in a positive user experience (mean total score = 4.09). Total usability was negatively associated with age ( r = −.44), positively associated with educational level ( rho = .47) and with overall emotion dysregulation ( r = .51), and negatively associated with depression severity ( r = −.47).

Conclusions:

The usability and satisfaction testing of the B·RIGHT app showed promising findings, which warrant further research in order to validate its effectiveness.
Increased Risk of Severe Sepsis in Hispanic Children Hospitalized With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Savage Beth , Thomas-Hawkins Charlotte , Cole Peter D. , Stapleton Jerod L. , de Cordova Pamela B.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study, a secondary analysis of a publicly available database, was to identify racial and ethnic disparities in the risk of severe sepsis facing children undergoing the intensive therapy necessary to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The sample consisted of 1,913 hospitalizations of children, younger than 21 years, in the United States during the year 2016 with documentation of both AML and at least one infectious complication. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between race/ethnicity and severe sepsis in children with AML and infection. We found that, after controlling for potential confounding variables, the odds of developing severe sepsis were significantly increased for Hispanic children compared with White children. There were no significant differences in the likelihood of the development of sepsis in Black, Asian, or other race children. The increased risk of severe sepsis for Hispanic children may contribute to the disparate rates of overall survival in this group. This inequitable rate of severe sepsis was evident despite the generally accepted practice of retaining children in the hospital throughout recovery of blood counts following AML therapy. Nurses are in a position to identify and eliminate modifiable risk factors contributing to this disparity.
Selective tolerance and the radical right
Authors: Jennings Colin , Ralph-Morrow Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

In recent decades, there has been increased tolerance within many countries towards a range of previous out-groups. This has been displayed most dramatically in the growing acceptance of the LGBT community. Some radical right organisations are also expressing tolerance towards the very same out-groups which they once reviled. We postulate that the radical right strategically uses tolerance to increase its own support and to impose costs on another out-group – Muslims – who are judged to be hostile to the tolerated groups. We provide a theoretical analysis and contrasting case studies that help explain the conditions under which radical right organisations will, or will not, display tolerance towards out-groups.
Multiplanar Semiautomatic Assessment of Foot and Ankle Offset in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Bang Katrina , Mansur Nacime Salomao , Garfinkel Jonathan H. , Bernasconi Alessio , Lintz Francois , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Semiautomatic 3-dimensional (3D) biometric weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) tools have been shown to adequately demonstrate the relationship between the center of the ankle joint and the tripod of the foot. The measurement of the foot and ankle offset (FAO) represents an optimized biomechanical assessment of foot alignment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between FAO and traditional adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) markers, measured in different planes. We hypothesized that the FAO would significantly correlate with other radiographic markers of pronounced AAFD.

Methods:

In this retrospective comparative study, we included 113 patients with stage II AAFD, 43 men and 70 women, mean age of 53.5 (range, 20-86) years. 3D coordinates (x, y, and z planes) of the foot tripod (most plantar voxel of the first and fifth metatarsal heads, and calcaneal tuberosity) and the center of the ankle joint (most proximal and central voxel of the talar dome) were assessed by 2 blinded and independent fellowship-trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. The FAO was automatically calculated using the 3D coordinates by dedicated software. Multiple WBCT parameters related to the severity of the deformity in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes were manually measured.

Results:

We found overall good to excellent intra- (range, 0.75-0.99) and interobserver (range, 0.73-0.99) reliability for manual AAFD measurements. FAO semiautomatic measurements demonstrated excellent intra- (0.99) and interobserver (0.99) reliabilities. Hindfoot moment arm (HMA) ( P < .00001), subtalar horizontal angle ( P < .00001), talonavicular coverage angle ( P = .00004), and forefoot arch angle ( P = .0001) were the only variables found to significantly influence and correlate with FAO measurements, with an R2 value of 0.79. An HMA value of 19.8 mm was found to be a strong threshold predictor of increased values of FAO, with mean values of FAO of 6.5 when the HMA was lower than 19.8 mm and 14.6 when the HMA was equal to or higher than 19.8 mm.

Conclusion:

We found that 3D WBCT semiautomatic measurements of FAO significantly correlated with some traditional markers of pronounced AAFD. Measurements of FAO were also found to be slightly more reliable than the manual measurements. The FAO offers a simple and more complete biomechanical and multiplanar assessment of the AAFD, representing in a single measurement the 3D components of the deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Neuroimmune Interactions in Pain and Stress: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Sawicki Caroline M. , Humeidan Michelle L. , Sheridan John F.
Published: May 2020

Mounting evidence indicates that disruptions in bidirectional communication pathways between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune system underlie the etiology of pathologic pain conditions. The purpose of this review is to focus on the cross-talk between these two systems in mediating nociceptive circuitry under various conditions, including nervous system disorders. Elevated and prolonged proinflammatory signaling in the CNS is argued to play a role in psychiatric illnesses and chronic pain states. Here we review current research on the dynamic interplay between altered nociceptive mechanisms, both peripheral and central, and physiological and behavioral changes associated with CNS disorders.
Seeing Like a Neighbor: Rethinking Neighborhoods as Service-oriented Communities
Authors: Halegoua Germaine R. , Johnson Bonnie J.
Published: May 2020

Neighborhoods remain primary units of measurement and empowerment among city planners, and governments ask neighborhood groups to take on more of the work of the “state.” Missing from these discussions of neighborhood expectations is how to effectively foster social capital and sense of community among neighbors and what it means to be a neighbor today. Through interviews with residents in a Lawrence, KS, neighborhood, we asked what makes an ideal neighbor. Findings show residents regard, or would like to regard, neighborhood as a service-oriented community built on informal, mutual aid rather than social, political, or consumer services–based models dominant in scholarly literature. However, participants voiced concern about how people can know when others need help if they do not know each other. We find that proximity, chance encounters, and informal communication are key and offer suggestions for revised roles of planners, policy makers, and researchers in neighborhood empowerment.
Elementary Teachers’ Self-Efficacy During Initial Implementation of Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-Tiered Models of Prevention
Authors: Oakes Wendy Peia , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Royer David James , Menzies Holly M. , Buckman Mark Matthew , Brunsting Nelson , Cantwell Emily D. , Schatschneider Christopher , Lane Nathan Allen
Published: May 2020

In this article, we examined educators’ efficacy and burnout within Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-tiered (Ci3T) models of prevention, as implemented in 14 elementary schools in a Midwestern state. Participating schools completed a year-long training series to design their Ci3T plans and were in their second year of implementation as part of a districtwide initiative. We examined educators’ year-end self-ratings to describe how teachers in schools with prevention models were faring, exploring three sets of variables (a) self-reported Ci3T treatment integrity, (b) social validity ratings of their Ci3T model of prevention, and (c) educators’ sense of efficacy and burnout. Results indicated educators experienced emotional exhaustion; however, depersonalization and personal accomplishment scores revealed positive and large magnitude differences compared with a national sample. Moreover, educators reported higher levels of efficacy related to instructional strategies and classroom management than a national sample. Higher self-reported levels of Ci3T treatment integrity were associated with increased levels of efficacy related to student engagement. We discuss limitations and future directions.
Human Imprint and Spatial Projection. An Interpretation of the Evolution of Paradigms of University Architecture as Inhabited Landscapes: Quadrangle, Yard, and Campus
Authors: CAMPOS Pablo , Wilson Richard Guy , Turner Paul Venable
Published: May 2020

Physical spaces are a critical component for a sound human education, the true mission of universities. History has demonstrated that the most relevant paradigms have been generated under two essential influences: the human imprint, in terms of the affective conditioning of exemplary cases, placing the core of the educational activity in the human being, and spatial projection, where institutions have shown their intentions, centripetal or centrifugal, encompassing both inner areas or those belonging to the urban and social context.

This article sets out an interpretation of exemplary university cases: quadrangle, yard, and campus, as identified in some historical institutions: Emmanuel College (Cambridge, England), Harvard College, College of William & Mary, Union College, University of Virginia, and Stanford University (in the USA). Through an innovative reading of their genesis and evolution, their seats are interpreted as inhabited landscapes, remarking the notion of university architectural bodies as spaces of interaction between people and landscape.
Sleep problems in adolescents with CFS: A case-control study nested within a prospective clinical cohort
Authors: Loades Maria Elizabeth , Rimes Katharine A , Chalder Trudie
Published: May 2020

Sleep problems have a negative impact on a range of outcomes and are very common in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We aimed to (a) establish whether adolescents with CFS have more self-reported sleep problems than illness controls as well as healthy controls, (b) investigate changes in sleep problems and (c) explore the extent to which sleep problems at baseline predict fatigue and functioning at follow-up in adolescents with CFS. The Insomnia Scale was completed by 121 adolescents with CFS, 78 healthy adolescents and 27 adolescents with asthma. Eighty (66%) treatment-naïve adolescents with CFS completed questionnaires approximately 3 months later. Adolescents with CFS reported increased sleep problems compared to healthy controls and adolescents with asthma. In CFS, there was no significant change in sleep problems without treatment over a 3-month follow-up. Sleep problems at baseline predicted a significant proportion of the variance in sleep problems at follow-up. Sleep problems should be targeted in treatment. Regulating the ‘body clock’ via the regulation of sleep could influence outcomes not assessed in this study such as school attainment.
A native-like adult L2 Korean learner’s agentive acquisition of Korean relative clauses
Authors: Kang Dae-Min
Published: May 2020

Aims and objectives:

Despite considerable interest in second language (L2) relative clauses (RCs)—one of the most difficult grammatical structures to learn—and in learner agency, few research efforts have been made to investigate how the latter informs the acquisition of the former. The current study looks at a native-like adult L2 Korean learner’s comprehension/production of Korean RCs and the trajectory of his acquisition of the RCs.

Methodology:

The research instruments consisted of RC comprehension/production tasks and autobiographic interviews.

Data and analysis:

The L2 learner’s responses in the comprehension task and those in the production task (audio-recorded) were reviewed for their accuracy. The processes of analyzing the interview data involved labeling themes/concepts forming from the data and interlinking categories to create larger, more general categories.

Findings:

The results indicated that the L2 learner’s performance on the tasks was native-like, and that he had actively exercised his learner agency which had dynamically interacted with context to achieve such native-likeness.

Originality:

This study distinguishes itself from the few previous studies on exceptional adult L2 learners by focusing on grammatical competence in relation to agency.

Significance:

The current interpretive study—which used autobiographical interviews to examine the dynamic trajectory of L2 RC acquisition—indicates the importance of an L2 learner’s agency.
Is it ‘the economy, stupid’? Economic relations and cultural studies: Some reflections on Jim McGuigan’s Cultural Populism
Authors: Whannel Garry
Published: May 2020

This article argues that in the development of media studies and cultural studies, a gap opened between textual analysis and political economy that became a damaging schism. The roots of the schism between the economic and the cultural lie in the growing influence of French structuralism, and post-structuralism from the late 1960s onwards. Jim McGuigan’s book, Cultural Populism, appeared at a time when socialist politics, political analysis and cultural theory were, both together and separately, in a degree of flux, self-reflection and loss of direction. This article outlines the nature of the split between emphasis on the cultural and the economic, the ways in which it continues to mark the field and the importance of continuing to try and hold the two together in the analytic frame. Methodologically, this article involves analysis of Cultural Populism and utilises document and archive searching, interviews, syllabus analysis and personal communication.
A short remark on He’s frequency formulation
Authors: Liu Caixia
Published: May 2020

The unprecedented frequency formulation proposed by Chinese mathematician, Ji-Huan He, has been caught much attention due to its extreme simplicity and remarkable accuracy for nonlinear oscillators. This short remark uses an example without a linear term arising in ball-bearing oscillating to show its effectiveness and reliability.
Professional social media usage: Work engagement perspective
Authors: Oksa Reetta , Kaakinen Markus , Savela Nina , Ellonen Noora , Oksanen Atte
Published: May 2020

Social media enables information sharing and social interaction within organization. This research aims to analyze how both work- and nonwork-related communication with colleagues and the work community on social media is associated with work engagement among Finnish professionals. A total of five Finnish professional organizations ( N = 563) and a representative sample of the Finnish working population ( N = 1817) contributed to the survey data, which was analyzed with structural equation modeling. We found a direct positive association between work-related communication and work engagement among Finnish working population, and a positive indirect associations between both work- and nonwork-related communication and work engagement via organizational identification and social support. Findings suggest that communication in social media supports work engagement via organizational identification and social support. Organizations should pay more attention to social media communication practices and provide opportunities to build organizational identification and receive social support in social media.
Preparing for smart voice assistants: Cultural histories and media innovations
Authors: Humphry Justine , Chesher Chris
Published: May 2020

Smart voice assistants have become popular thanks largely to their default naturalistic female voices and helpful personae. In this article, we trace changes in robot voices in popular culture and explain how this history influenced the voice design of smart voice assistants. Our research draws on cultural analysis of Hollywood and international films, television and literature, and observations from our personal experiences with voice assistants. We argue that designers of devices like the Google Home and Amazon Echo inherited a cultural imaginary of alien and dangerous robots with artificial voices and personalities. Manufacturers leveraged techniques of modality, personae and invocation and pre-existing social connotations of the voice to create positive associations of these devices in the home. We conclude by arguing that smart voice assistants are new media innovations prepared for consumers through pre-domestication and represent an emerging regime of power and influence based on technologised voice interaction.
Young children’s digital literacy practices in the sociocultural contexts of their homes
Authors: Kumpulainen Kristiina , Sairanen Heidi , Nordström Alexandra
Published: May 2020

This socioculturally framed case study investigates the digital literacy practices of two young children in their homes in Finland. The aim is to generate new knowledge about children’s digital literacy practices embedded in their family lives and to consider how these practices relate to their emergent literacy learning opportunities. The study asks two questions, ‘How do digital technologies and media inform the daily lives of children in their homes? Moreover, how do the sociocultural contexts of homes mediate children’s digital literacy practices across operational, cultural, critical and creative dimensions of literacy?’ The empirical data collection drew on the ‘day-in-the-life’ methodology, using a combination of video recordings, photographs, observational field notes and parent interviews. The data were subjected to thematic analysis following an ethnographic logic of enquiry. The findings make visible how children’s digital literacy practices are intertwined in families’ everyday activities, guided by parental rules and values. The study demonstrates children’s operational, cultural and creative digital literacy practices. The study also points out the need for more attention to children’s critical engagement in their digital literacy practices.
Using Participatory and Creative Methods to Research Gender-Based Violence in the Global South and With Indigenous Communities: Findings From a Scoping Review
Authors: Thomas Siân Natasha , Weber Sanne , Bradbury-Jones Caroline
Published: May 2020

This review provides a synthesis of existing research on best practice recommendations for the use of participatory and creative methods to research gender-based violence in the Global South. Following a five-stage scoping review process, 44 papers, which each related to at least two of the three parts of the topic, were selected for inclusion. A frequency table was compiled to identify the elements of best practice, which were most common across the literature. Qualitative content analysis was then used to group these elements into inductive themes. An overarching theme of safety was identified, along with four broad and intersecting domains underpinning ethical research approaches in this area: contextual, reflexive, relational, and transformative. The validity of these themes was confirmed through consultation with partners, who also emphasized the importance of a survivor-centered approach. The aims, methods, barriers, evidence for practice, and research recommendations (AMBER) framework was developed for this project as an innovative tool for analyzing the data collected and drawing out the relevance for research practice. The framework draws out the aims, methods, and barriers involved in participatory research in this context and sets out best practice recommendations and directions for future research in the following areas: (1) ensuring safety of participants and researchers, (2) redressing power inequalities within the research process, (3) embedding locally responsive ethical frameworks, and (4) understanding cultural context and respecting cultural norms.
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in a Reproductive Health Setting: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Horack Carrie L. , Newton Sara L. , Vos Michelle , Wolfe Brenda A. , Whitaker Amy
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there is a practice gap in treatment at Planned Parenthood of Illinois. This project evaluated a clinical practice alert and evidence-based patient education script to determine if the intervention increased the number of appointments to discuss or initiate PrEP in patients at risk for acquiring HIV. Method. From October to December 2018, a clinical practice alert and evidence-based patient education script were implemented at one Planned Parenthood of Illinois health center. Aggregate data collected included the number of times the clinical alert was generated, the number of times staff read the script, the number of scheduled appointments to discuss PrEP, and the number of times PrEP was prescribed. Qualitative data were collected from clinic staff to further evaluate the intervention. Results. Eleven patients triggered the alert and staff read the education script nine times during the 8-week implementation period. One patient scheduled an appointment to discuss PrEP; no new prescriptions were initiated. One identified patient scheduled an appointment with a provider to initiate PrEP on a date after the implementation period ended. Staff found the alert and script helpful to initiate conversations with patients. Conclusions. This intervention established a system for clinic staff to identify patients at risk for acquiring HIV in order to discuss accurate, evidence-based PrEP information. Findings are limited to this particular setting due to a small sample size, which eliminated the possibility for statistical analysis.
Configuration of a unique antibacterial needle-punched nonwoven fabric from silver impregnated polyester nanocomposite fibres
Authors: Gadkari Rahul Rajkumar , Ali Wazed , Das Apurba , Alagirusamy Ramasamy
Published: May 2020

The current study aims to mitigate the problems arising due to leach-out of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from an antibacterial material developed using silver coating or finishes. Polyester (PET) staple fibres with Ag-NPs firmly integrated within them were used to prepare needle-punched nonwoven fabric. To further enhance the antibacterial efficiency, the nonwoven surface was etched via alkaline hydrolysis such that the Ag-NPs are exposed to the bacterial cell wall. The antibacterial activity of the nonwoven made of PET-Ag-NPs nanocomposite fibres (P/Ag-NFs) against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria was found to be increased after hydrolysis by 4.5% and 6.5%, respectively. The amount of silver leach-out from the developed antibacterial media was 0.01 ppm for 24 h immersion time, which is in compliance with regulations of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (0.01 mg/m3), as well as that of WHO (0.1 ppm). Moreover, the nonwoven was effective in killing up to 94% and 98% S. aureus and E. coli bacteria, respectively. Hence, the developed nonwoven fabric can safely be used for medical and health care textiles, antibacterial clothing and for the development of dry/wet filtration media.
Abdominal Pain Associated With Anorexia Nervosa and Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: A Rare Condition Shadowed by a Postoperative Conversion Disorder
Authors: Fox Charles J. , Morton Alex , Watters Ashlie , Mehler Philip S.
Published: May 2020

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is an often discounted and vexing condition that may go unnoticed in a population of patients with complex comorbid conditions or those with poor psychiatric health. We report a unique case of a patient with anorexia nervosa in whom the successful operation for MALS was briefly complicated by a postoperative conversion disorder.