bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
At the mercy of our emotions? A multi‐dimensional analysis of emotions in knowledge management research
Authors: Hornung Olivia , Smolnik Stefan
Published: January 2022

Emotions are deeply rooted in the human mind and vital to many knowledge processes, such as knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. Nonetheless, the knowledge management (KM) discipline largely approaches KM from a rational rather than an emotional standpoint. Therefore, starting with a broad view on emotions in general as well as several discrete emotions, our paper presents a structured review of existing evidence on emotions and their role in KM research. We use a structured literature review approach to examine research on emotions as a general concept as well as several discrete emotions in KM research. We recognize and incorporate an integrative emotions‐in‐KM framework, dividing KM into enablers, processes, and intermediary outcomes as well as organizational performance, and connected emotions with each of these parts. After identifying 72 relevant research publications, we analyze and assign these publications to our initially developed integrative review framework. We present several research opportunities to inspire and encourage further research on emotions in KM. Our analysis reveals a strong focus on empirical approaches; we suggest future research employs further qualitative research to incorporate profound theories and models for further exploring emotions in KM. Furthermore, emotions as the intermediary outcome or during knowledge creation and knowledge use could be investigated in further research endeavors. By showing in which KM contexts and processes emotions are displayed, organizations can draw conclusions to trigger positive emotions for better KM as well as reducing barriers caused by emotions.
Sliding wear and friction behaviour of WC‐stainless steel and WC–Co composites
Authors: Vilhena Luis M. , Fernandes Cristina M. , Sacramento Joaquim , Senos Ana M. R. , Ramalho Amilcar
Published: January 2022

The sliding wear and friction behaviour of new developed WC‐stainless steel composites without and with carbon addition were evaluated using a linearly reciprocating sliding tribometer under ball‐on‐flat configuration, sliding against an alumina ball under unlubricated conditions. The wear of both, discs and ball were measured for different applied loads, sliding distances and frequencies. Worn surfaces were investigated by using microscopy and topography techniques. Comparative experiments were performed using flat samples of a conventional WC–Co composite. It was found that the WC–Co grade displayed an undoubtedly better sliding wear resistance and lower coefficient of friction if compared with the newly produced WC‐SS composites.
Polymeric Nanoplatforms for the Delivery of Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Chen Yongcheng , Huang Yue , Jin Qiao
Published: January 2022

Antibiotic therapy is the first choice for the treatment of bacterial infections in the clinic. However, the continuously increasing bacterial resistance makes traditional antibiotic therapy difficult to achieve ideal therapeutic performance, necessitating the development of new antibacterial strategies. Polymeric nanoparticles have received much attention in biomedical applications. They can be used as nanocarriers to deliver a variety of antibacterial agents to the infected area. Compared to traditional drug delivery systems, polymeric nanoparticles show various advantages, including improved drug stability, long circulation time, controlled drug release, selective drug accumulation, and so on. This review summarizes the current applications of polymeric nanoparticles for the delivery of antibacterial agents. First, an extensive review of the applications of polymeric nanoplatforms in the delivery of various antibacterial drugs is conducted. The mechanisms and strategies of various stimuli‐responsive polymeric nanoplatforms are then discussed, especially focusing on how to improve the antibacterial efficacy and reduce the side effects. Finally, the challenges of future developments of polymeric nanoplatforms in the delivery of antibacterial agents are discussed.
In situ 13C solid‐state polarization transfer NMR to follow starch transformations in food
Authors: Nowacka‐Perrin Agnieszka , Steglich Thomas , Topgaard Daniel , Bernin Diana
Published: January 2022

Convenience food products tend to alter their quality and texture while stored. Texture‐giving food components are often starch‐rich ingredients, such as pasta or rice. Starch transforms depending on time, temperature and water content, which alters the properties of products. Monitoring these transformations, which are associated with a change in mobility of the starch chain segments, could optimize the quality of food products containing multiple ingredients. In order to do so, we applied a simple and efficient in situ 13C solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR approach, based on two different polarization transfer schemes, cross polarization (CP) and insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (INEPT). The efficiency of the CP and INEPT transfer depends strongly on the mobility of chain segments—the time scale of reorientation of the CH‐bond and the order parameter. Rigid crystalline or amorphous starch chains give rise to CP peaks, whereas mobile gelatinized starch chains appear as INEPT peaks. Comparing 13C solid‐state MAS NMR experiments based on CP and INEPT allows insight into the progress of gelatinization, and other starch transformations, by reporting on both rigid and mobile starch chains simultaneously with atomic resolution by the 13C chemical shift. In conjunction with 1H solid‐state MAS NMR, complementary information about other food components present at low concentration, such as lipids and protein, can be obtained. We demonstrate our approach on starch‐based products and commercial pasta as a function of temperature and storage.
Nurses’ perceptions of fall risk factors and fall prevention strategies in acute care settings in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Innab Adnan M.
Published: January 2022

Aim

This study aimed to explore nurses’ perceptions of the factors associated with falls and of fall prevention strategies in acute care settings in Saudi Arabia.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional, correlational, descriptive study.

Methods

Data were collected from 102 nurses using a survey on the risk factors and prevention strategies of injurious falls.

Results

We found that impaired balance and muscle strength, limited mobility, and an inability to follow safety instructions were reported as the top factors in falls. Multidisciplinary fall prevention strategies are effective in reducing the prevalence of falls. Nurses with higher levels of education had higher perceptions towards the risk factors of falls. Formal patient safety training, including fall prevention education programmes, were shown to reduce falls by making nurses more aware of fall risk factors and prevention strategies. The findings of this study can be used to inform managers about factors that may contribute to falls in acute care settings.
An eco‐friendly extraction and purification method of nuciferine from Folium nelumbinis with p‐sulfonatocalix[6]arenes
Authors: Yu Xuan , Chen Mei‐ling , Liu Yi , Li Cheng‐hao , Qiu Xi‐long , Ren Xiao‐liang , Wang Meng , Zhang De‐qin
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Folium nelumbinis is used as vegetable, functional food and herbal medicine in Asia. p‐Sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SC6A) is a water‐soluble supramolecular macrocycle and has never been applied to the extraction of herbal products.

Objective

In this study, SC6A‐assisted extraction of nuciferine from Folium nelumbinis has been carried out to develop an eco‐friendly extraction process with high extraction efficacy and easy operation.

Methods

Single‐factor experiments were adopted to obtain the optimal conditions for the SC6A‐assisted extraction of nuciferine from Folium nelumbinis, and then nuciferine and SC6A were separated easily by one‐step alkalization. The host–guest complexes between nuciferine and SC6A were analyzed by competitive fluorescence titration, DSC, FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR.

Results

The optimal SC6A/Folium nelumbinis/solution ratio for extraction was 0.4:1:20 (g/g/mL), with a granulometric fraction below 180 μm and an extraction time of 1 h with soaking. The purity and recovery of nuciferine extracted with SC6A were increased 29.24 and 35.73 times compared with extraction with aqueous solution, respectively. Moreover, a good reusability of SC6A in the extraction of nuciferine was demonstrated. Competitive fluorescence titration, DSC, FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR characterization indicated that SC6A could form host–guest complexes with nuciferine at a ratio of 1:1.

Conclusion

The study provided an eco‐friendly, safe and effective nuciferine extraction method, which can be used for the development of nutrition supplements containing nuciferine.
Post‐mortem analysis of a commercial Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic module after potential induced degradation
Authors: Yilmaz Pelin , Aninat Rémi , Cruz Gonzalo Ott , Weber Thomas , Schmitz Jurriaan , Theelen Mirjam
Published: January 2022

An extensive post‐mortem analysis was conducted on a commercial copper‐(indium‐gallium)‐diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic module that degraded after exposure to the high voltage stress of a standardized potential induced degradation (PID) test. We employed a custom‐developed coring technique to extract samples from the full‐size field module, which showed degraded and nondegraded areas (regarded as reference) in electroluminescence after the PID test. The resulting solar cell samples were compared based on their electrical properties and sodium profiles using a wide range of laboratory‐based analysis techniques including photoluminescence and lock‐in thermography imaging, current–voltage measurements, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The samples that were extracted from the degraded areas of the module showed lower photoluminescence intensity and had significantly lower open‐circuit voltage V(oc) and fill factor (FF) values in comparison with reference samples. An increased content of sodium within the absorber layer was also observed for these samples, linking sodium migration to PID. These observations at the module level are consistent with earlier reports on PID‐stressed CIGS cells and mini‐modules. This is to our knowledge the first reported study of a microscopic investigation on a real‐life full‐scale CIGS module after PID.
Monolithic InGaN Multicolor Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Fu Wai Yuen , Choi Hoi Wai
Published: January 2022

Given the recent surge of interest in full‐color microLED display technologies, researchers in academia and industry have been looking for feasible and cost‐effective solutions to realize multicolor emission from a single wafer to overcome the shortcomings of existing “mass transfer” approaches that involve the assembly of huge numbers of chips from multiple wafers. In contrast to such heterogeneous integration approaches, monolithic integration solutions that combine different color emitters onto a single chip or wafer offer potentially higher yield, scalability, robustness, efficiency, and manufacturability. In this review, an overview of the main monolithic integration approaches for the assembly of polychromatic emitters on a chip or wafer, including top‐down fabrication and bottom‐up growth approaches is given. The successful realization of monolithic polychromatic emission would greatly speed up the development of phosphor‐free white light sources, chip‐scale color microLED displays, and other GaN‐based optoelectronic systems and platforms.
Markerless registration approach using dynamic touchable region model
Authors: Nguyen Hang Phuong , Kim Taeho , Kim Sungmin
Published: January 2022

Background

Markerless registration is required for image‐guided surgery; it has limited accuracy due to the ambiguity of the correspondence point set. In this study, we proposed a registration framework to improve registration accuracy for markerless registration using a dynamic touchable region model (DTRM).

Methods

The DTRM is defined using the geometric characteristics of the surface around the fiducial area using Intrinsic Shape Signature keypoints. The new registration procedure, which combines the DTRM with iterative closest point‐based registration (ICDTP) was implemented and verified with phantom experiments for a single‐user and multi‐user study.

Results

The ICDTP registration framework provides improved performance over the paired‐point registration for surgeries, where it is inappropriate to construct the corresponding positions with adhesive fiducial markers.

Conclusion

The proposed method can be an alternative approach for image‐guided surgery in operations for which itis not appropriate to set up markers for registration.
Global trends of the Common European Framework of Reference: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sahib Farah Hussan , Stapa Mahani
Published: January 2022

The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) is a crucial reference framework for informing teaching, learning and assessment that has achieved worldwide prominence in language education. However, there have been concerns raised regarding the breadth of its influence across different domains and countries. Using a bibliometric approach, a sample of 770 scholarly works on the CEFR publications from the Scopus database was observed to investigate the CEFR research activity. The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel for frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualisation, and Harzing's Publish or Perish for citation metrics and analysis. This study sought to investigate the evolution of CEFR research from its inception and subsequent trends based on source title, country and institution, and examined the citation pattern of the publication. It also discusses the fundamental themes based on the occurrences and terms of the keywords, titles and abstracts of the documents. This paper also identifies the major key players involved in the research. The findings demonstrate that the CEFR has been widely disseminated and has had a substantial impact, since the number of publications outside of Europe, such as in North America and Asia, has increased. However, cross‐country collaboration revealed a dearth of CEFR research collaboration across Asia. The findings provide essential input towards the emerging movements and issues in articles, journal performance, collaboration patterns, and research constituents, contributing to the scarce literature on the global trends of the CEFR.
Incipient fault prediction for nonlinear stochastic distribution systems
Authors: Zhang Chang , Yao Lina
Published: January 2022

In order to avoid the occurrence of major accidents in the industrial production process, incipient fault prediction that can predict fault in advance has attracted more and more attentions. In this article, a generalized correntropy filtering‐based incipient fault prediction strategy is proposed, which is suitable for nonlinear stochastic distribution systems with simultaneous actuator and sensor faults and non‐Gaussian noise. Three filters are designed to predict the incipient fault of nonlinear stochastic distribution systems: the first one is used to predict the time when the incipient fault occurs, and the other two are used to estimate the evolution rate of sensor fault and actuator fault, respectively. When the residual signal exceeds the predetermined threshold, the fault is detected and the time of occurrence can be also estimated. Once the fault is detected, the designed filter can be used to estimate the evolution rate of the unknown fault. After estimating the time of fault appearance and its evolution rate, the change process of incipient fault can be predicted. Finally, an example of a chemical reaction process is given to illustrate the validity of the prediction scheme.
A general iterative clustering algorithm
Authors: Lin Ziqiang , Laska Eugene , Siegel Carole
Published: January 2022

The quality of a cluster analysis of unlabeled units depends on the quality of the between units dissimilarity measures. Data‐dependent dissimilarity is more objective than data independent geometric measures such as Euclidean distance. As suggested by Breiman, many data driven approaches are based on decision tree ensembles, such as a random forest (RF), that produce a proximity matrix that can easily be transformed into a dissimilarity matrix. An RF can be obtained using labels that distinguish units with real data from units with synthetic data. The resulting dissimilarity matrix is input to a clustering program and units are assigned labels corresponding to cluster membership. We introduce a general iterative cluster (GIC) algorithm that improves the proximity matrix and clusters of the base RF. The cluster labels are used to grow a new RF yielding an updated proximity matrix, which is entered into the clustering program. The process is repeated until convergence. The same procedure can be used with many base procedures such as the extremely randomized tree ensemble. We evaluate the performance of the GIC algorithm using benchmark and simulated data sets. The properties measured by the Silhouette score are substantially superior to the base clustering algorithm. The GIC package has been released in R:
https://cran.r‐project.org/web/packages/GIC/index.html.
Holdups in Nitride MXene's Development and Limitations in Advancing the Field of MXene
Authors: Johnson Denis , Qiao Zhi , Uwadiunor Ekenedilichukwu , Djire Abdoulaye
Published: January 2022

As nanomaterials are becoming a key component in various electronics, 2D nanomaterials are emerging and attracting tremendous attention in the scientific community due to their unique physical, chemical, and structural properties. In recent years, a new family of 2D carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, has become the center of attention for many electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. While nitride MXenes have some publications centered around them, the overwhelming majority revolve around carbide and their direct application to systems without understanding the underlying mechanism behind their performance. The lack of publications in both of these fields, nitrides and mechanistic understanding, causes a major stopgap in MXene research and needs to be remedied in order to truly utilize their potential for future electronics and energy conversion systems. In this work, the limited works on nitride MXenes and the applications of in situ/operando characterization techniques in understanding the underlying mechanisms of energy storage and conversion in MXenes are reviewed, major progress and remaining challenges in both fields are identified, recommendations on how to circumvent the challenges and limitations are provided, and finally, new research directions that must be performed to advance the field of 2D carbide and nitride MXenes are proposed.
How Does Having a Good Ear Promote Instructed Second Language Pronunciation Development? Roles of Domain‐General Auditory Processing in Choral Repetition Training
Authors: Shao Yujie , Saito Kazuya , Tierney Adam
Published: January 2022

Growing evidence suggests that auditory processing ability may be a crucial determinant of language learning, including adult second language (L2) speech learning. The current study tested 47 Chinese English‐as‐a‐Foreign‐Language students to examine the extent to which two types of auditory processing, i.e., perceptual acuity and audio‐motor integration, related to improvements in the comprehensibility and nativelikeness of L2 speech following two weeks of choral repetition training (i.e., shadowing). All participants’ pronunciation proficiency became significantly more comprehensible over time, and the degree of improvement in the nativelikeness of pronunciation was tied to the ability to remember and reproduce sounds (i.e., audio‐motor integration). The findings suggest that robust auditory‐motor integration may play a key role in the acquisition of advanced‐level L2 pronunciation proficiency (i.e., comprehensible and nativelike speech).
Development of chromogenic detection for biomolecular analysis
Authors: Peng Weipan , Li Wenna , Han Houyu , Liu Hao , Liu Ping , Gong Xiaoqun , Chang Jin
Published: January 2022

Chromogenic detection of target objects has attracted extensive attention in the academic field with high specificity and sensitivity. Based on color changes in chemical reactions, biomolecular analysis with simple and rapid signal readout in disease diagnosis can be realized. At present, three main mechanisms of chromogenic detection were proposed, including proteases catalysis, enzyme mimics catalysis, and chemical reactions based on inorganic or organic for biomolecular analysis. With the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers, the evolution of chromogenic detection has been developed from the early qualitative detection to the current quantitative detection, accompanied by the improvement of sensitivity. Herein, this paper reviewed the mechanisms and relevant applications of chromogenic detection from the above three aspects, discussed the challenge, and provided a future perspective in this emerging field.
A review of recent progress toward the efficient separation of circulating tumor cells via micro‐/nanostructured microfluidic chips
Authors: Liu Xiaoshi , Ma Liang , Yan Wenyuan , Aazmi Abdellah , Fang Minghe , Xu Xiuzhen , Kang Hanyue , Xu Xiaobin
Published: January 2022

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are closely correlated with cancer diagnoses, and their early detection can help patients receive accurate prognoses in a noninvasive manner. However, the rarity, fragility, and heterogeneity of CTCs introduce significant technical challenges to their separation from blood. Recent advances in micro‐/nanofabrication techniques have made microfluidic chips better for CTC separation. In this review, we mainly focus on recent progress made in the development of microfluidic chips incorporating micro‐/nanostructures for the CTC separation. Specifically, we reviewed two major CTC separation mechanisms, that is, physical and chemical approaches. Representative works on physical mechanism‐based approaches (include pillar filtration, cross‐flow filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, smart materials, and bionics); immunomagnetic beads, and surface modification; and chemical mechanism‐based approaches include diversity of affinity ligand selection, are reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared and discussed, and a perspective on the future direction of CTC is provided.
Of Pure Academics and Advice Debutants: The Policy Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Italy
Authors: Pritoni Andrea , Galanti Maria Tullia
Published: January 2022

To date, no systematic attempt has been made to describe the main features of the Italian policy advisory system. In particular, we know very little about the role of political scientists within it. This study addresses precisely this gap in the literature. First, by presenting original data derived from an online survey to which 177 Italian political scientists responded, we reconstruct frequency, type, recipient(s), and areas of their (potential) policy advice. Second, by focusing on two very relevant policy processes—the approval of the so-calledItalicum(electoral law) and of the so-called Jobs Act (labour market reform)—we add insightful qualitative details to our quantitative analysis. Empirical results show that Italian political scientists are seldom engaged in policy advisory activities: many of them haveneverbeen. Moreover, there are no particular differences—from the point of view of personal characteristics (gender and level of academic career)—between policy advisors and the so-called pure academics. Finally, as the two case studies show, informal advice has the greatest impact on policymaking. This latter aspect reminds us of how much the Italian policy advisory system (PAS) is still poorly institutionalised and largely based on personal relationships as well as on political proximity.
In Search of Relevance: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Spain
Authors: Real-Dato José
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses the involvement of academic political scientists in Spain in political and policy advisory tasks and the factors that account for such engagement. This is done by using data from the ProSEPS COST Action survey collected among political scientists working in Spanish academic institutions during 2018. After describing both the contextual opportunities and limitations affecting the demand and supply of policy and political advice in Spain, the chapter investigates the factors that could explain the frequency and causes of the engagement of political scientists in policy advice activities. Results show that the structure of the state as well as professional norms, the stage in professional career (seniority and tenure), and the level of specialisation influence the participation in advisory tasks. The chapter ends with a reflection about the possibilities to further expand the advisory influence of Spanish political scientists.
The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Timmermans Arco , Brans Marleen , Real-Dato José
Published: January 2022

Political scientists in Europe are more extrovert in their behaviour as academics than is sometimes thought. They live outside the ‘ivory tower’ for part of their time and deliver knowledge and information to practitioners in the policy process. The majority takes a role as opinionating scholar; this happens more often than being an expert or a pure academic. Despite variation between countries, individual characteristics of respondents make a large difference to the extent and nature of engagement. Age, gender and type of employment contract have a strong predictive effect. Age and status of employment relate to the professional life cycle: more experienced scholars with a permanent academic position are more active in advising than their younger colleagues at the department of political science. These factors interact with gender, but the relevance of gender for advisory engagement is also strongly socially constructed. Female political scientists abstain more often, and when engaging they take an expert role, staying closer to evidence with less outreach to the public environment. This apparent gender gap occurs widely across all spheres of professional affiliation, and it requires more systematic attention within the academic political science community.
Restrained Wisdom or Not? The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Denmark
Authors: Kallestrup Morten
Published: January 2022

The few existing studies on Denmark showed that political scientists are not well represented in public committees, while subsequent studies argued that the means by which political scientists offer their advice are writing articles in the media and participation in other such means of communications. The survey used in this study provides empirical data offering interesting new evidence regarding the role of political scientists in the policy advisory system in Denmark. It points to the fact that political scientists deliver substantial policy advice via informal contacts and forms of communication, e.g. to civil servants, civil society organizations, politicians and advisory bodies, mainly at the national level. According to the survey’s respondents, this advice is based on sound scientific evidence, which fits well with survey evidence emphasizing the belief that experts are more prominent than opinionating scholars in Denmark compared to other countries. Thus it would seem that political scientists’ role as providers of informal and direct policy advice has been underestimated. In the light of the amount, and the soundness, of the advice provided informally, Denmark may not be a case of restrained wisdom after all.
Driven by Academic Norms and Status of Employment: The Advisory Roles of Political Scientists in Germany
Authors: Blum Sonja , Jungblut Jens
Published: January 2022

The consensus-seeking nature of Germany’s civic epistemology and largely absent structural incentives for advisory work of academics may imply an overall comparatively lower engagement. Yet, German political science stands in the tradition of a ‘watchdog’ of democracy, and the past decades bear witness of continued involvement in societal and political debates. Not least, German political scientists have led a vivid internal debate on the ‘relevance of our discipline’ in recent years, reflected in a number of conferences and publications. Germany thus makes an interesting case regarding the advisory role of political scientists in a comparative perspective. This chapter studies how, to whom, and how often political scientists in Germany provide their expertise for policymaking. It is based on the German results of the ProSEPS survey, accompanied by a case illustration of advice and opinionating on the rise of populism. The analysis shows not only that German political scientists are less active in comparison to colleagues in many other countries but also that they are more active than could be expected—with academic norms and employment situation forming key explanatory factors for the level and forms of engagement.
Climate-Fit.City: Urban Climate Data and Services
Authors: Lefebre Filip , De Ridder Koen , Jupova Katerina , Köberl Judith , Lauwaet Dirk , Passani Antonella , Remund Jan , Willems Patrick , Witpas Katrien
Published: January 2022

The Climate-fit.City service (https://www.climate-fit.city) provides the best available scientific urban climate data and information for public and private end users operating in cities. Within the Climate-fit.City H2020 project, the benefits of urban climate information for end user communities was demonstrated, considering services in diverse domains (Climate and Health, Building Energy, Emergency Planning, Urban Planning, Active Mobility, Tourism and Cultural Heritage) to improve decision-making and to help end users to better address the consequences of climate change at the local scale. The socio-economic impact assessment performed in the Climate-fit.City project has demonstrated that, in all the cases, there are actual and potential added values in terms of public service effectiveness, economic impacts, policy innovation and social impacts. Further impact was also revealed in terms of raising awareness by end users, policymakers and the general public about climate change. These diversified impacts offer a variegated landscape of sub-areas and stakeholders that are touched upon by each climate service.
A New Modelling Approach to Adaptation-Mitigation in the Land System
Authors: Maire Juliette , Alexander Peter , Anthoni Peter , Huntingford Chris , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Rabin Sam , Rounsevell Mark , Arneth Almut
Published: January 2022

Climate change, growing populations and economic shocks are adding pressure on the global agricultural system’s ability to feed the world. In addition to curbing the emissions from fossil fuel use, land-based actions are seen as essential in the effort to mitigate climate change, but these tend to reduce areas available for food production, thereby further increasing this pressure. The actors of the food system have the capacity to respond and adapt to changes in climate, and thereby reduce the negative consequences, while potentially creating additional challenges, including further greenhouse gas emissions. The food system actors may respond autonomously based on economic drivers and other factors to adapt to climate change, whereas policy measures are usually needed for mitigation actions to be implemented. Much research and policy focus has been given to land-based climate change mitigation, but far less emphasis has to date been given to the understanding of adaptation, or the interaction between adaptation and mitigation in the land use and food system. Here, we present an approach to better understand and plan these interactions through modelling. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies and the impacts on the global food system and socio-economic development can be simulated over long-term predictions, thanks to the new combination of multiple models into the Land System Modular Model (LandSyMM). LandSyMM takes into account the impacts in changes in climate (i.e. temperature, precipitation, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations) and land management on crop yields with its implications for land allocation, food security and trade. This new coupled model integrates, over fine spatial scale, the interactions between commodities consumption, land use management, vegetation and climate into a worldwide dynamic economic system. This study offers an outline description of the LandSyMM as well as the perspectives of uses for climate adaptation assessment.
Climate Change Adaptation and Societal Transformation: What Are the Public Health Challenges?
Authors: Murray Virginia , Chadborn Tim
Published: January 2022

Behavioural change with societal transformation has been the key processes whereby hand and respiratory hygiene, social distancing and self-isolation that citizens across the world have been asked to implement to respond to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Is it possible to use such societal transformation approaches to change our behaviour for climate change adaptation? The European Commission (EC) funded research and innovation programmes that will be launched from 2021 will mobilise investment and EC’s wide efforts to achieve measurable and time-bound goals on issues that affect citizens’ daily lives. These programmes are based around five missions, one of which is the Mission on Adaptation to climate change including societal transformation. This will provide an opportunity to build evidence-informed assessment and design of interventions and should use a systems approach to determine and deploy the most cost-effective mix of public health behaviour change policy options according to the Nuffield Intervention Ladder and the Behaviour Change Wheel. This will maximise the likelihood of delivering societal transformation actions through ambitious but realistic research and innovation activities to help deliver planetary health programmes for Europe more widely.
Climate Impact Chains—A Conceptual Modelling Approach for Climate Risk Assessment in the Context of Adaptation Planning
Authors: Zebisch Marc , Terzi Stefano , Pittore Massimiliano , Renner Kathrin , Schneiderbauer Stefan
Published: January 2022

In this paper we present a conceptual framework for a climate risk assessment based on the so-called impact chains. The method follows a general assessment framework consistent with the IPCC AR5 concept on climate risk. This framework has been developed by Eurac Research within the context of various projects with the German Environment Agency and the German Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Corporation for International Cooperation)—GIZ. It has been applied in almost twenty national climate risk assessments worldwide (e.g., Burundi, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Madagascar) and has been perceived as (1) an appropriate means for risk analysis, (2) a useful tool for communication of complex cause-effect relationships in climate change impacts and risks, and (3) a great approach to identify entry points for adaptation measures. For an operational risk assessment, impact chains serve as a basis for the selection of appropriate models, indicators or guide more qualitative, expert-based assessments.
Adaptation Modelling: A JPI Climate Perspective
Authors: Fernandes Alexandre F. , McGovern Frank
Published: January 2022

The Joint Programming Initiative “Connecting Climate Knowledge for Europe” (JPI Climate) is a pan-European intergovernmental initiative gathering European countries to jointly coordinate climate research and fund new transnational research initiatives that provide useful climate knowledge and services for post-COP21 Climate Action. The main objective of JPI Climate is to bring together existing and developing new excellent scientific knowledge that is needed to assist practitioners to adequately transform society towards climate resilience and consequently providing integrated climate knowledge and decision support services for societal innovation. To date, JPI Climate has mobilised more than 100 million EUR in research investments and has provided access to knowledge and expertise across Europe and beyond. Some of the key projects from JPI Climate include “European Research Area for Climate Services” (ERA4CS), designed to boost the development of efficient climate services, “Assessment of Cross(X)-sectoral climate Impacts and pathways for Sustainable transformation” (AXIS), which aims to promote cross-boundary, cross-community research with the overall goal to improve coherence, integration and robustness of climate impact research and connect it to societal needs, and “Enabling Societal Transformation in the Face of Climate Change” (SOLSTICE), bringing together the Social Sciences and Humanities communities to enable and accelerate positive transformation in the face of climate change. The current development of JPI Climate Knowledge Hubs and the potential establishment of a European Facility for Climate Change  (EFCC) will further establish JPI Climate as a key player in European climate change research and will actively inform and support the implementation of relevant national, European and international climate strategies and policies.
Climate Services Supporting Adaptation Modelling
Authors: Street Roger B.
Published: January 2022

Information and knowledge resources to support climate action (climate services) have been the subject of investments by European and national funding agencies and by the private sector in response to a growing demand and requirements to support climate-related actions. The extent to which the current state of these resources are consistent with and attributable to these investments still requires further assessment. There have been efforts to continue to inform such investments and to stimulate the climate service market. These to some degree identified remaining and emerging gaps, including those intending to support enhancing the breadth, quality and relevance of products and services, the infrastructure supporting the climate service public and private market domains and the factors enabling market growth. The criticality of realising the benefits from the availability and use of this intelligence is increasing and evolving as Europe and the rest of the world call for a transition to a climate-resilient and a low-carbon society and economy. To realise and sustain this potential, there is the need for a systematic assessment of the impacts of previous investments and of where and what type of investments could enhance the impacts in terms of informing action—exploring and identifying shared pathways to enable the development and use of climate services.
A Model-Based Response Surface Approach for Evaluating Climate Change Risks and Adaptation Urgency
Authors: Carter Timothy R. , Fronzek Stefan
Published: January 2022

We present a new approach to advance methods of climate change impact and adaptation assessment within a risk framework. Specifically, our research seeks to test the feasibility of applying impact models across sectors within a standard analytical framework for representing three aspects of potential relevance for policy: (i) sensitivity—examining the sensitivity of the sectors to changing climate for readily observable indicators; (ii) urgency—estimating risks of approaching or exceeding critical thresholds of impact under alternative scenarios as a basis for determining urgency of response; and (iii) response—determining the effectiveness of potential adaptation and mitigation responses. By working with observable indicators, the approach is also amenable to long-term monitoring as well as evaluation of the success of adaptation, where this too can be simulated. The approach focuses on impacts in climate-sensitive sectors, such as water resources, forestry, agriculture or human health. It involves the construction of impact response surfaces (IRSs) based on impact model simulations, using sectoral impact models that are also capable of simulating some adaptation measures. We illustrate the types of analyses to be undertaken and their potential outputs using two examples: risks of crop yield shortfall in Finland and impact risks for water management in the Vale do Gaio reservoir, Portugal. Based on previous analyses such as these, we have identified three challenges requiring special attention in this new modelling exercise: (a) ensuring the salience and credibility of the impact modelling conducted and outputs obtained, through engagement with relevant stakeholders, (b) co-exploration of the capabilities of current impact models and the need for improved representation of adaptation and (c) co-identification of critical thresholds for key impact indicators and effective representation of uncertainties. The approach is currently being tested for five sectors in Finland.
DeepFakes Detection: the DeeperForensics Dataset and Challenge
Authors: Jiang Liming , Wu Wayne , Qian Chen , Loy Chen Change
Published: January 2022

Recent years have witnessed exciting progress in automatic face swapping and editing. Many techniques have been proposed, facilitating the rapid development of creative content creation. The emergence and easy accessibility of such techniques, however, also cause potential unprecedented ethical and moral issues. To this end, academia and industry proposed several effective forgery detection methods. Nonetheless, challenges could still exist. (1) Current face manipulation advances can produce high-fidelity fake videos, rendering forgery detection challenging. (2) The generalization capability of most existing detection models is poor, particularly in real-world scenarios where the media sources and distortions are unknown. The primary difficulty in overcoming these challenges is the lack of amenable datasets for real-world face forgery detection. Most existing datasets are either of a small number, of low quality, or overly artificial. Meanwhile, the large distribution gap between training data and actual test videos also leads to weak generalization ability. In this chapter, we present our on-going effort of constructing DeeperForensics-1.0, a large-scale forgery detection dataset, to address the challenges above. We discuss approaches to ensure the quality and diversity of the dataset. Besides, we describe the observations we obtained from organizing DeeperForensics Challenge 2020, a real-world face forgery detection competition based on DeeperForensics-1.0. Specifically, we summarize the winning solutions and provide some discussions on potential research directions.
Towards Innovative Ways to Assess Annoyance
Authors: Lavandier Catherine , Aalmoes Roalt , Dedieu Romain , Marki Ferenc , Großarth Stephan , Schreckenberg Dirk , Gharbi Asma , Kotzinos Dimitris
Published: January 2022

Technological changes have driven the developments in the field of noise annoyance research. It helped to increase knowledge on the topic substantially. It also provides opportunities to conduct novel research. The introduction of the internet, the mobile phone, and miniaturisation and improved sensor technology are at the core of the three research examples presented in this chapter. The first example is the use of a Virtual Reality simulation to evaluate aircraft flyovers in different environments, and it examines how visual perception influences noise annoyance. The second example describes the use of a mobile application applying an Experience Sampling Method to assess noise annoyance for a group of people living near an airport. The third and final example is a study over social media discussions in relation to noise annoyance and quality of life around airports. These three examples demonstrate how novel technologies help to collect and analyse data from people who live around airports, and so improve our understanding of the effect of noise on humans.
Coping with Aviation Noise: Non-Acoustic Factors Influencing Annoyance and Sleep Disturbance from Noise
Authors: Bartels Susanne , Richard Isabelle , Ohlenforst Barbara , Jeram Sonja , Kuhlmann Julia , Benz Sarah , Hauptvogel Dominik , Schreckenberg Dirk
Published: January 2022

Annoyance and sleep disturbances due to aircraft noise represent a major burden of disease. They are considered as health effects as well as part of the causal pathway from exposure to long-term effects such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as mental disorders (e.g. depression). Both annoyance and sleep disturbance are not only determined by the noise exposure, but also to a considerable extent by non-acoustic factors. This chapter summarises the most relevant non-acoustic factors and briefly explains their mechanisms on annoyance and sleep as well as the potential to address these factors via intervention methods aiming at the reduction of adverse noise outcomes and an increase in the quality of life of airport residents. Here, the focus is on airport management measures that are considered to help improve the residents’ coping capacity. Findings from the ANIMA case studies with regard to main aspects of quality of life in airport residents around European airports are briefly reported and recommendations for a community-oriented airport management are derived.
Managing Irregularity Through the Provision of Social Assistance
Authors: Schweitzer Reinhard
Published: January 2022

This chapter applies the conceptual and analytical frameworks to the institutional sphere of social assistance and thereby draws systematic comparisons between the two national and local contexts. First, I closely examine the relevant laws and policies enacted at various administrative levels as well as local implementation practices, by drawing on relevant documents and the original accounts of my interview respondents. This allows me to map the various ethical concerns, practical difficulties and organisational conflicts that either migrant irregularity itself, or the internalisation of its control, creates for individuals and the institutions they work for. At the end of the chapter, and with the help of my analytical framework, I summarise the main differences between the two contexts in terms of how they position the various categories of workers in relation to migrant irregularity and its control.