bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultura familiar campesina y propuesta de riego para predios del sector El Salado del barrio La Vega, cantón Catamayo, provincia de Loja
Authors: Vásquez Edison Ramiro , Guamán Zhingre Maribel Andreina , Vásquez Rodríguez Génesis Jahel
Published: July 2022

La agricultura familiar campesina -AFC- representa un segmento importante en la reactivación económica del sector rural; constituye una estrategia para la seguridad alimentaria, generación de empleo agrícola, mitigación de la pobreza, conservación de los recursos naturales y saberes ancestrales. Para contribuir al manejo integral de los predios dedicados a la AFC, se aplicaron 35 encuestas y se propuso un diseño de riego por aspersión en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) para 0,58 ha en el sector El Salado del barrio La Vega. Los predios tienen 0,50 ha; 73% son propietarios de un predio, 16% dos y 11% hasta seis predios. La principal actividad económica es la agricultura, el 68% mantienen cultivos en rotación tales como maíz (Zea mays), yuca (Manihot esculenta), cebolla (Allium cepa) y combinados con frutales, la mayor demanda es el maíz con 32% y el monocultivo de caña (Saccharum officinarum) representa el 32%. La AFC es de subsistencia, se emplea maquinaria para la preparación del suelo, la siembra y cosecha es tradicional o convencional; utilizan mano de obra familiar y asalariada temporal; tecnología tradicional y prácticas culturales ancestrales. Para el diseño de riego por aspersión, se obtuvo una la lámina de riego de 53,64 mm, frecuencia de riego de siete días y tiempo de riego de siete horas. La red hidráulica principal, secundaria o múltiple y lateral con diámetros nominales de 3”, 3” y 1 ½”,respectivamente. Se seleccionó la motobomba Honda WH20X de 5,5 HP, con presión máxima de 42,84 mca.
Estructura poblacional y estado de la regeneración de tres especies forestales en los bosques andinos del sur de Ecuador: caso de estudio Parque Universitario “Francisco Vivar Castro”
Authors: Muñoz Chamba Luis Fernando , Rojas Aldo , Muñoz Johana , Aguirre Zhofre
Published: July 2022

El estudio de poblaciones forestales y su regeneración constituyen las bases para entender su dinámica dentro de los bosques. La investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los parámetros poblacionales de tres especies arbóreas dentro del área de bosque andino en el Parque Universitario “Francisco Vivar Castro”. Se establecieron en el bosque 24 parcelas temporales de 400 m² para medición de árboles de las especies Hedyosmum scabrum, Siparuna muricata y Clusia aff. alata; y, parcelas anidadas de 25 m² y 4 m² para evaluar categorías de regeneración. Se midieron las variables densidad poblacional, distribución espacial y estructura en función de clases diamétricas. Para la regeneración natural se determinó la abundancia y variables estructurales. La densidad poblacional para H. scabrum es de 19 ind/ha, S. muricata 28 ind/ha y Clusia aff. alata 48 ind/ha. La estructura en clases de diámetro mostró comportamientos casi similares en H. scabrum y C. aff. alata, con más del 85 % de individuos concentrados en la primera clase diamétrica. Para S. muricata la población está repartida de manera proporcional en tres clases diamétricas. La distribución espacial en H. scabrum y S. muricata es agregada y aleatoria en Clusia aff. alata. La abundancia en regeneración se considera buena para S. muricata con mayor representatividad en brinzales; y, adecuada para C. aff. alata y H. scabrum con mayor abundancia en latizales. El estudio de la estructura poblacional de las tres especies permitió conocer que los atributos de las poblaciones pueden mostrar variabilidad dentro de una misma área geográfica.
Vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en microcuencas de alta montaña abastecedoras de agua en la Región Sur del Ecuador
Authors: Eguiguren Velepucha Paúl Alexander , Ojeda Luna Tatiana , Maita Juan , Samaniego Natalia , Aguirre Nikolay
Published: July 2022

En las últimas décadas se ha observado una fuerte influencia de las actividades antrópicas sobre microcuencas que proveen el servicio ecosistémico hídrico. A eso se suman los posibles impactos del cambio climático relacionados a variaciones extremas en temperatura y precipitación que podrían generar una alta vulnerabilidad dentro de las microcuencas y servicios ecosistémicos primordiales para el desarrollo de las comunidades. El presente estudio analiza cuál podría ser el grado de vulnerabilidad de dos microcuencas de alta montaña de importancia hídrica en la Región Sur de Ecuador. Para el análisis de vulnerabilidad se consideró la exposición, sensibilidad y la capacidad adaptativa. Los resultados muestran que las microcuencas El Carmen CA (cabecera de agua) y Mónica en el Cantón Loja podrían tener una vulnerabilidad moderada a alta bajo escenarios pesimistas (RCP 8,5). En lo concerniente a la capacidad adaptativa, se observó que El Carmen y Mónica poseen niveles de capacidad adaptativa altos. Estos resultados están relacionados a la presencia de estrategias de conservación en dichas microcuencas y muestran la importancia de generar acciones de conservación y restauración a nivel de paisaje, que permitan el mantenimiento y recuperación de ecosistemas que proveen el servicio ecosistémico hídrico, de esta manera también se podría asegurar la calidad y cantidad de agua para las comunidades.
Development of Smart and Powered Anti Infection Face Mask
Authors: Copoglu Muhammed Fatih , Oflaz Hakan
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 virus, which emerged at the end of 2019 had affected the whole world and had different effects in many areas. One of these areas was respiratory protective equipment technologies. In normal, masks are products that are mostly used in environments where there is a factor such as gas, smoke, or dust that threatens to breathe. Due to the airborne transmission of the COVID-19 virus, masks were used in all areas of human interaction during the epidemic period. As the use of masks became widespread, there was feedback about the products and it was revealed that these products had deficiencies and aspects to be improved. In this study, the deficiencies of the mask products that came to light during the COVID-19 epidemic period and the aspects that can be improved were examined and a smart and powered respiratory protective half-face mask was developed that can be a solution to these problems. The mask produced has two electronic fans and can be controlled via the mobile application by Bluetooth connection. In this way, the user can supplement the filtered clean air into the mask when necessary. In addition, the air evacuated outside the mask is filtered and then given to the environment. As a result, the problems related to mask products that emerged during the COVID-19 epidemic were resolved with the developed mask.
Development of Smart and Powered Anti Infection Face Mask
Authors: Copoglu Muhammed Tarik , Oflaz Hakan
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 virus, which emerged at the end of 2019 had affected the whole world and had different effects in many areas. One of these areas was respiratory protective equipment technologies. In normal, masks are products that are mostly used in environments where there is a factor such as gas, smoke, or dust that threatens to breathe. Due to the airborne transmission of the COVID-19 virus, masks were used in all areas of human interaction during the epidemic period. As the use of masks became widespread, there was feedback about the products and it was revealed that these products had deficiencies and aspects to be improved. In this study, the deficiencies of the mask products that came to light during the COVID-19 epidemic period and the aspects that can be improved were examined and a smart and powered respiratory protective half-face mask was developed that can be a solution to these problems. The mask produced has two electronic fans and can be controlled via the mobile application by Bluetooth connection. In this way, the user can supplement the filtered clean air into the mask when necessary. In addition, the air evacuated outside the mask is filtered and then given to the environment. As a result, the problems related to mask products that emerged during the COVID-19 epidemic were resolved with the developed mask.
The Manuscript of Al Naji Response on the Abrogator and the Abrogated by Burhan Edeen Al Naji who died in 900H
Authors: Alkhalif Yazeed
Published: July 2022

This research comes as part of the Quranic studies which aims at studying and investigating the manuscriptCof Al Naji response on the abrogator and the abrogated by Burhan Edeen Al Naji who died in 900 H.The focus on the scholars' legacy and their writtings and bringing them to light is one of the reasons for choosing to study this manuscript, and it's importance comes for the high status of it's author , in addition to the scient ific value of the manuscript. The research consisted of an introduction and two parts : the first part consisted of two areas of research: the first area on studying the author life and his scientific status ,and the second on studying the manuscript and the substatiation of its attribution, discription ,methodology and resources. And the second part is on investigation of the manuscript and then the conclusion in which I mentioned the key findings like : Apprenticeship of Burhan Edeen at the important maintainers of his time which had an impact on his high scientific position and his entrenchment in Hadith sciences and multiplicity of his modern authorities like: Availability of Scientific Evidence Inherits Prevelance of Probability, this authority was by Burhan Edeen Al Naji and also Al Naji did not intend to handle all the abrogated verses in Quran but just establishment of the occurrence of the abrogation with the indication that it was from Quran and then abrogated in reciting.
Paths of mental creativity in view of Islamic cognitive approach
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: July 2022

Infrastructure Mentality and Explanation in Infrastructure. This picture appears within the frame of the picture in his dealings with Islam in his dealings with the problem of the mind within, that problem that imposed itself as one of the intellectual problems that apply to the contemporary cultural discourse, its solution. The academic curriculum in the sciences helps the Muslim mentality to make a critical movement ،And that there are several manifestations of the religious discourse’s need for a differential mindset, such as the need to differentiate between the text and the interpretations about the text, the differentiation between the fixed and the variable, the differentiation between temporal and spatial contexts, and the differentiation between the levels of legal rulings, and that it is necessary for us to have the ability to deal with the problematic nature of texts from the Book and the Sunnah, which necessitated The divine wisdom is that some of them contain problems in order to move the minds and provoke them towards thinking, and that mentioning objections and problems has taken an undeniable space from the map of composition of our Islamic heritage.
Impact of the COV crisis on world food prices UN Food and Agriculture Organization report
Authors: Ibtissem KARA
Published: July 2022

In a few weeks, a virus has emerged other than the world, where more than 3.5 million people have been confirmed to have been infected with CORONA, the world has entered the state of closure and cessation of much of our global economic activity, and the worst forms of stagnation (job losses, bankruptcy, disruption of education have emerged.... (So through this article we tried to address the various economic and social impacts of the crisis created by this virus in general, and then we touched on the impact of the COV crisis on world food prices by extrapolating the most important reports issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, where we found that prices had declined at certain times due to shrinking demand, but they were generally stable.
The Role of Microfinance in Combating Poverty in Sudan within the Scope of Dimensions (Economic, Social and Ethical) An applied Study on Microfinance Donor Banks (Gezira State-Local and Greater Wad Medani)
Authors: Mohamed Eltayeb Ali Abdelrahman
Published: July 2022

Microfinance policies in Sudan came to reduce poverty problems, so the study focused on clarifying the role of microfinance in combating poverty, through a study of several levels: the economic, social and moral level of the beneficiaries of the services of the microfinance industry. (95%), and the study concluded that there is a statistical relationship between microfinance and poverty reduction, by improving the economic, social and moral levels. Obstacles facing the microfinance industry and its marketing Adopting the Murabaha formula only and neglecting other financing formulas, in order to reduce risks, in addition to the lack of sufficient experience in the field, which makes the approved procedures an obstacle to financing small or micro projects. Therefore, the study recommends the issuance of a renewed map targeting the beneficiaries. From microfinance services, finding an appropriate formula to be adopted instead of working in the form of Murabaha, focus on marketing microfinance products and services, adopting a sufficient number of training courses for microfinance service workers, and a balance must be created between funding and social goals, in addition to devising new funding means.
Higher Education Exchanges between China and Pakistan under Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Jun
Published: July 2022

China and Pakistan enjoy an all-weather relationship since the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1951. Over the past seven decades, the two sides developed iron-brother relationship which is recognize as the model of international relations. Entering into 21st  century,  the two countries starts to explore a solid educational exchanges with each other, and a growing number of universities and colleges in China and Pakistan started educational cooperation programs, with more and more Pakistani students coming to China to learn Chinese culture, language and majors. Meanwhile, many Chinese companies in Pakistan are in desperate need of talents who are familiar with Pakistan local situation and capable of speaking English, Chinese and the local language. The growing exchanges between the two countries in higher education promoted friendly relations between the two countries, and there is an increasing need for talents under the background of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. This paper will examine the educational exchanges between the two countries from four aspects: academic exchanges, China-Pakistan language programs, overseas students programs and educational platforms. The paper summaries the direction for future educational cooperation between the two countries.
On the Global Community of Shared Future for Mankind under the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: LIU WENDIAN
Published: July 2022

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward that "we should advocate Community of Shared Future for Mankind consciousness, take into account the reasonable concerns of other countries when pursuing our own interests, promote the common development of all countries while pursuing our own development, establish a more equal and balanced new global development partnership, help each other in the same boat, share the responsibilities and responsibilities, and promote the common interests of mankind". The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also mentioned that "we call on people of all countries to make concerted efforts to build Community of Shared Future for Mankind and a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty." Over the years, China has been working hard to promote the construction of Community of Shared Future for Mankind. In 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic ravaged the world. This epidemic is a mirror, which shows us the necessity of building Community of Shared Future for Mankind, the efforts made by China, and the difficulty of building Community of Shared Future for Mankind.
An Exploration of the Integration Path of Music Education and Examination in Primary and Secondary Schools in China
Authors: Zhang Juan
Published: July 2022

Aesthetic education makes full use of all aesthetic phenomena that exist in human society. In particular, the perception and understanding of beauty in work and the development of the human ability to make beauty part of the process and outcome of work. Music education is an important part of aesthetic education. By using music as an educational tool, music education develops special abilities and talents in specific types of art. In China, the integration between music examinations and aesthetic education brings a challenge to schools and public.How will schools put aesthetic subjects in the exam and what should be included in the exam? The paper introduced the background of the aesthetic education in China and discussed the roles of music in aesthetic education. To integrate the music education with the exams, the papers explores the paths of ability-originate exams, practical skills-originate exams and mind-developing originate exams, hoping to enlighten the public on the music course development in China.
Airy function solution of two classes of nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Fan Junjie
Published: July 2022

In this paper , we study the problem of constructing the new solutions of the mKdV equation and STO equation. By using the Airy equation and its solution, the new solutions of mKdV equation and STO equation are constructed. First of all, through function transformation, mKdV equation and STO equation can be turned into Airy function to solve. Then, construct the solution of mKdV equation and STO equation by using the solution of Airy function. Finally, analyze the properties of these solutions with the help of symbolic computation system: Mathematica.
Life Lessons: The Philosophy of Growth Contained in Jack London’s White Fang
Authors: Yang Guang
Published: July 2022

As one of the outstanding representative works of the famous American realist writer Jack London, the story tells the growth process of a little gray wolf named “White Fang”. This novel describes how a young wolf enters the civilized world of human beings from the wilderness, and tells the legendary experience of the main character, White Fang, who eventually turns from a wolf to a dog through trials and tribulations. This novel tells people that human society is different from the animal world, and they need not only to adapt to the environment but also to accept the ethical and moral constraints in order to obtain a broader space for growth if they want to survive in society. By reviewing the main content of White Fang and the author’s biography, this paper analyzes the background of the creation of White Fang and highlights the growth of White Fang and the meaning of life by analyzing the description of the survival experience of White Fang in the work to show the tenacity of its vitality, with a view to reflecting on its inspiration and reflection on real life through the theme of the law of life and the principles of life in the novel. Furthermore, it aims at giving a positive interpretation of the meaning of life.
The Development of College English Teachers in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Gary
Published: July 2022

The rapid development of science and technology and the global integration have put forward new requirements for talents. In the new era, colleges and universities are facing unprecedented challenges in talents cultivation. As educators of the talents, college teachers must take the initiative to meet the challenges and improve the quality of talent training to contribute for the  development of the country and society. College English teachers, as the guiders in language and cultural learning, thinking development and the formation of outlook on life, world outlook and values, must have enough ability to fulfill their responsibilities. This requires every college English teacher to keep pace with the times and constantly improve themselves from various aspects, and better meet the new demand for talents in the new era.
Pakistan-China Journey of Brotherhood
Authors: Jun  , Ramay
Published: July 2022

Pak-China relationship cannot be understood by applying traditional theories and concepts of international relation. Relationship has been developed on the basis of mutual respect, inclusiveness and principles of brotherhood. Brotherhood is a unique model of international relationship, which have no precedent. The relationship started as business as usual but meeting of Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra and Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai in 1955, changed the whole dynamics.

Since then, relationship got stronger with every passing moment and successive generations carried the message of brotherhood. The history is full of examples, where both countries stood shoulder to shoulder to face all challenges. China never compromised on core interests of Pakistan and Pakistan never compromised on the core interests of China. Along the time, both countries explored all options to strengthen the relationship and established trusted and deep linkages in all fields including defence, trade, culture, science and technology.
An Analysis on the Personalities of the main Characters in Gone with the Wind
Authors: Han Yi
Published: July 2022

Gone with the Wind is a panoramic social novel with the American Civil War as the historical background and the social life in the south as the living environment. The setting is dwelt on two families--the Tara Plantation of the O'Hara's family and the Wilkes plantation of Twelve Oaks.The story vivid presents the lives of the two families, their slaves' and friends-various characters in the great social changes.By showing the changes of different characters in the chaotic world during and after the civil war. It reveals different characters with different personalities are bound to move forward as the main characters.By analyzing the numerous and complicated social activities,we can understand their different destinies better due to their personalities combined with their identities.
Case of Reading Teaching on Task-Based Teaching Model in Middle Schools
Authors: Liu Yongmei
Published: July 2022

In April 2022, the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China officially announced the English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition). Since the release of the English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2011 Edition), the reform of the English curriculum for compulsory education has made remarkable achievements; at the same time, however, there are also some problems that need to be solved urgently. The new curriculum standards should change the teaching of vocabulary and grammar knowledge as the main content, select learning contents around the comprehensive performance of core literacy, design teaching units as a whole, and plan the blueprint of unit education. According to the students' comprehensive performance and the objectives of the school section, the content should be closely related to the real life, especially the social life and learning life that students are familiar with and meet the characteristics of their physical and mental development. The content selected should reflect the characteristics of the times and social progress, focus on the themes of people and nature. Elements on theme, discourse, language knowledge, cultural knowledge, language skills and learning strategies should be considered when selecting the the teaching content.  Ultimately, students are expected to use the knowledge and skills to solve tasks and problems in practice. In terms of middle school English teaching, the author holds that Task-Based Teaching Mode will help teachers to achieve the above goals. Task-Based teaching emphasizes learning by doing, which allows students to interact with teachers, and it also creates a favorable environment for students to learn and internalize. The middle school English teaching goal is to help the students to obtain the basic English knowledge and the ability of using English to communicate through listening,speaking,reading and writing training. As a helpful teaching approach, the Task-Based Teaching Model can be widely used. Based on the English classroom of middle school, this thesis discusses the relationship between Task-Based Teaching Model and the modern English class through analyzing the reading in middle school English class. The paper draws a conclusion that Task-Based Teaching Model is effective in middle school English classroom and it can improve students comprehensive ability to a all-round development level.
Historical Review of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Civilization in Pakistan
Authors: Jun
Published: July 2022

The ancient Indus civilization, also known as Harappan civilization is famous for the ruins of two ancient cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, which remained unknown for thousands of years due to little written record in human history. It was not in the 1820s, when archaeologists excavated a large number of stone tools, bronzes, seals and agricultural remains in the two cities, that the world began to learn about the secret of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan civilization. The total number of Harappan civilization sites may be as many as 2,000, but most of them are still buried underground, awaiting further excavation. Nearly 200 sites have been excavated or are being excavated, ranging from ancient couple tombs to ancient city ruins. Mohenjo-Daro, which means "hill of death" in the local language, is  an ancient city of the civilization of the Indus valley located on the right bank of the Indus River, northern Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It was built around 2500 BC and was abandoned in 1900 BC. In the sites of both cities, archaeologists discovered the advanced scientific and technological achievements of the ancient Indus civilization, but they were puzzled by the loss of the civilization. This paper starts with the introduction of the ancient Indus civilization before moves to the discovery process of Harappa and Mohendaro. Literature review on the studies on Harappa and Mohenjodaro is presented with a brief analysis in the end. After giving an outline of the civilization, the paper tries to solve the mystery of the loss of civilization, but so far no agreed understanding of the cause has been reached. By reviewing the civilizations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, the paper presents to readers the ancient civilizations of Pakistan and enhance their understanding of human science, technology and culture in ancient times.
Yaşlı Dostu Hastaneye Yaşlı Dostu Gelişim Komitesinin Bakışı: Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: GEMLİK Nilay , AYDIN Ayşenur , ARSLANOĞLU Ali
Published: July 2022

Ortalama yaşam süresinin uzaması ve nüfus artış hızının yavaşlaması yaşlı nüfusunun artmasına sebep olmuştur. Giderek artan yaşlı nüfusun sağlık ihtiyaçlarını anlayabilmek ve karşılaştıkları sorunlara çözüm yolları geliştirmek amacıyla yaşlı dostu hastane konusu gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışma Yaşlı Dostu Hastane çalışanının Yaşlı Dostu Hastane uygulamasına bakış açılarını anlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda Yaşlı Dostu Hastanenin Yaşlı Dostu Gelişim Komitesinin dört çalışanı ile odak grup görüşmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sorularının amaca uygun olması için sorular hazırlanmadan önce konu hakkında literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bilgilerin geçerliliğini korumak ve araştırmanın güvenilirliğini sağlamak için katılımcılardan izin alınarak gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Görüşme sonucunda elde edilen veriler betimse analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre tekrar eden ifadedeler incelendiğinde Yaşlı Dostu Hastanede çalışmak komite üyeleri tarafından bir avantaj olarak görülmektedir. Yine söylem sayıları incelendiğinde yaşlı dostu gelişim komitesi yaşlıyı bir iş yükü olarak görmemektedir. Ayrıca ifade sayıları incelendiğinde en çok söyleme sahip hizmetlerin hastanede yaşlı dostu bir farkındalık oluşturmak üzere gerçekleştirilen yaşlı dostu eğitimler olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışanların almış olduğu yaşlı dostu eğitimlerle hastanede yaşlı dostu bir kültür oluşturulmuştur. Bu sayede Yaşlı Dostu Hastane çalışanları yaşlı dostu uygulamaları desteklemekte ve bu uygulamalara profesyonellik çerçevesinde yaklaşmaktadırlar.
Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein: their association with vitamin D in women with recurrent infections of reproductive system
Authors:   Department of Biology, Laboratory of Postgraduates, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq., Hasan Sajidah , Al-Hashemi Israa ,   Department of Biology, Laboratory of Postgraduates, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq., Al-Rammahi Thaer ,   Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Postgraduates, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq., Abbas Zainab ,   Department of Biology, Laboratory of Postgraduates, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.
Published: July 2022

Aerobic bacteria can colonize the female reproductive system with harmful effects, which may lead to miscarriages, premature deliveries or continue of its growing to cause adverse reproductive systems issues. Increasing in the levels of inflammatory markers may be considered a herald of danger. High vaginal swabs were obtained from 85 women. Of these, 67 patients were suffering recurrent vaginitis and symptoms such as itching, irritation, burning, and vaginal discharged, and 18 apparently healthy controls. Swabs were cultured in a suitable media and the cultivated bacteria were diagnosed in the hospital’s laboratory. At the same time of collecting the vaginal swabs, 5 ml of venous blood was withdrawn from the patients and controls. An ELISA method was applied to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines and concentration of vitamin D. The bacterial growth showed six species of isolated bacteria, which were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, S. non aureus, Proteus spp. and Klebsiella spp. The first three species were the most prevalent bacteria, and the serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 were high in female patients infected with these bacteria. CRP was significantly elevated in sera of the patient’s group (P= 0.016), while the increase in IL-6 was not significant. Vitamin D was correlated negatively with IL-6 and positively with CRP, but the correlations did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, rising of CRP could be an expected result to the bacterial colonizing the reproductive system while IL-6 may develop significantly when the aerobic vaginitis continues until triggering one of the infertility issues.
Prevalence of work-related asthma among Egyptian farmers in Great Cairo
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Ahmed Omar , El-shayeb Mohamed ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Shahin Rasha ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Fouad Shaimaa ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Yosef Mostafa ,   Department of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Fahim Noha ,   Department of Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Mohamed Manar ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Published: July 2022

Work related asthma (WRA) refers to asthma induced by exposure to sensitizing agents and/or irritants in the workplace leaving health and economic consequences. Early diagnosis can improve the prognosis of WRA permitting sometimes full recovery. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of WRA among Egyptian adult agriculture workers. A multi-center cross sectional study included 150 adult workers from 4 different farms, during the period from 2019 and 2021. All participants were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination, chest x-ray, skin prick test and CBC to detect absolute eosinophilic count. Spirometry with post bronchodilatation test (reversibility test) at the farm (in the day of insecticide aerosol and without aerosol) and after a week off the farm was also done. Age, median ± SD, was 37.67 ± 9.75 years, duration of farming occupation was 21.84 ± 10.18 years. Of the 150 participants, 11 had WRA. Of these, 6 had allergic occupational asthma, 3/11 had work exacerbated asthma and only 2/11 had irritant occupational asthma. Of the allergic subjects, 7.3% tested positive to mixed pollens, 4.7% to Alternaria, 2% to penicillium and 2% to the farm pollens. The onset of respiratory symptoms was 13.45 ± 6.93 months after start working in the farm. A statistical significance was observed between WRA and non-WRA individuals regarding age, duration of farming occupation and asthma symptoms during workday (P <0.001). There was a statistical significance between WRA group and non-WRA group regarding FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio carried out at work, during holidays and during spraying (P <0.001). Absolute eosinophilic count, mean among WRA group was 0.55 ± 0.13 (×103cells/mm3) with significance between WRA and non-WRA (P= 0.001). Farming occupation may cause WRA, therefore, more attention should be given to minimize exposure and risk of inducing WRA.
Correlation between regulatory T cells and autologous serum skin test among chronic spontaneous urticaria patients
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez- Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Mohamed Asmaa , Taha Samaa ,   Department of Microbiology & Immunology Faculty of Medicine Suez- Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,   Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia., Ahmed Amal ,   Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez- Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Atwa Mona ,   Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez- Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Published: July 2022

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is considered as an autoimmune disorder in around 30-50% of cases and referred to as chronic autoimmune urticaria. T regulatory cells (Tregs) may be involved in the pathogenesis of CSU. However, their exact role has not yet been fully defined in those patients. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of Tregs cells subsets in CSU patients. In a case-control study, conducted at dermatology clinics, Suez- Canal University Hospitals, Ismailia, Egypt; 25 CSU patients and 25 apparently healthy control blood donors with matched age and gender were recruited. CSU patients were subjected to history taking, physical examination, assessment of urticaria activity score (UAS) and autologous serum skin test (ASST). Blood samples were obtained from both groups to estimate the number of Tregs cells by flow cytometric analysis. The mean values of CD4+ Fox P3+ and CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ Tregs in the study cases were increased significantly compared to the controls (Mean ± SD, ]73.51±26.63[ vs ]4.68±2.98[; P= 0.001 and ]0.97±0.59[ vs ]0.56±0.36 [; P =0.003), respectively. However, the mean values of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs were decreased significantly in CSU patients compared to the controls (0.27±0.38 vs 3.63±1.44, P= 0.001). Mean levels of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs cells decreased in positive ASST group in comparison to the ASST negative group, but this decrease did not reach statistical insignificance. In conclusion, our data indicated that CSU was associated with alterations in circulating Tregs cells subsets supporting the autoimmune theory.
"Indiscriminate Food Insecurity: Road Transportation Management Contribution in Low/Middle Income Economy "
Authors: Olowosoke Christopher Busayo
Published: July 2022

In the history of human race cultures down memory lane to present day civilization, man has learnt to utilized and preserve numerous agriculture material harvested from the wild, hunt, and even explore sea foods overtime until majority are now be classified as domesticated culture from direct conventional practices back in ages. Although, many were selectively domesticated with interest to their produce, product, nutritional value, among several other benefits. These practices however have contributed a very efficient balance to our ecosystem regardless of the environmental dominance and occurrence, coupled with other applicable man-environment service forming the basis of agricultural practice. Prior to these services, many of these items require transportation (road, sea, etc.) at several point of the supply chain. Unfortunately, the facilities enhancing freshness preservation attached to these road transporting medium (especially trucks and bus the most patronized inland choice) utilized for numerous food items has consistently been ignored on the potential effect it can cause on the shelf stability and freshness based on the unstructured and rugged management associated to the medium (truck and bus) subject in many low/middle income economies. Today, tonnes of imported and local food items have one or more inland trucking and/or buses mobilization within the supply chains they must undergo before they eventually get to the final consumers with significant percentage loss associated to the road transporting medium worldwide. This review aims at creating awareness on existing research in Food Supply Chain (FSC), and the need for redesigned effective storage technology facilities in smaller trucks and buses for all kind fooditems (agricultural produce/product, sea foods etc.) while incorporating risk and sustainability strategies on transportation vehicles network in developing and underdeveloped countries especially, and with this effort, better sustainability on food security is attainable.
Hukum Islam Praktek Bagi Hasil Atara Pemilik Tanah Dan Pengelola Tanah Pada Petani Kebun Kopi
Authors: Kunhaniah Mabruroh
Published: July 2022

Pada dasarnya manusia hidup akan saling membutuhkan satu sama lain baik itu untuk dirinya sendiri, keluarga dan sosial. Seperti halnya dalam bermuamalah, pada hal ini Ekonomi sangatlah terlibat dan tidak dapat diisahkan bagi kehidupan manusia sehari-hari. Dengan kita menjaga Ekonomi yang baik maka akan baik juga kesetabilan bangsa dan negara, maka dari itu kesjahteraan Ekonomi dalam kehidupan sangatlah penting. Bertani adalah mayoritas profesi yang sudah di geluti oleh mayoritas masyarakat Lampung Barat khususnya di Desa Air Putih II Tanjung Raya Kecamatan Way Tenung, yang mana sebagian besar berkebun kopi baik dikejakan sendiri maupun digarap oleh orang lain dengan perjanjian bagi hasil yang telah disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak yang bersangkutan. Hal ini yang sudah sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat setempat, bentuk akad (perjanjian) kedua belah pihak yang sering dilakukan berupa lisan dan ini sudah menjadi kebiasaan masyarakat setempat. Dalam masalah pengelolaan kebun dan lain sebagainya ditanggung oleh penggarap kebun dan kebanyakan masa peggarapan kebun tersebut tidak terbatas oleh waktu.

            Penelian ini termasuk kedalam jenis penelitian lapangan (field reserch) yang dilakukan di Desa Air Putih II, Kec Way Tenong Lampung Barat. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul dilakukannya analisis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode berfikir menggunkan induktif.

            Berdasarkan hasil penelitan, bahwa praktek musaqoh kerjasama bagi hasil perkebunan kopi yang dilakukan antara pemilik dan penggarap(pengelola) dilakukan secara lisan tanpa tertulis, dan tanpa adanya saksi atas dasar saling percaya satu sama lain. Dalam batas watku tidak ditentukan pada prakteknya ada yang 2 tahun sampai 7 tahun. Mengenai hasil dibagi dua bisa berupa kopi atau uang tergantung kesepakat dan adat (kebiasaan) yang dilakukan. Pandangan islam mengenai musaqoh ini belum sesuai dengan konsep islam yang sesungguhnya karna akad yang digunakan berupa akad lisan dan jangka waktu yang tidak ditetukan lamanya. Islam mengajarkan apabila bermu’amalah secara tunai hendaklah menggunakan waktu yang ditentukan begitupun menggunakan perjajian tertusil beserta saksi. Hal ini sangat dianjurkan oleh islam karena guna menjaga prilaku dan hubungan sesama manusia agar tetap berjalan dengan baik. Dikhawatirkan lupa atas kesepakatan yang dibuat sehingga akan erjadinya hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan dan dapat merugikan satu belah pihak
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Tentang Penjualan Kembali Barang Kredit
Authors: Devi Agustin  , Andriansyah
Published: July 2022

Penelitian yang dilakukan di Kampung Negeri Agung Kecamatan Negeri Agung Kabupaten Way Kanan ditemukan adanya penjualan barang secara cash tetapi barang tersebut masih kredit,  rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimanakah Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap penjualan kembali barang kredit yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat diKampung Negeri Agung Kecamatan Negeri Agung Kabupaten Way Kanan?. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap penjualan kembali barang kredit yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Kampung Negeri Agung Kecamatan Negeri Agung Kabupaten Way Kanan? Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, yaitu data yang digunakan pada penelitian  masalah kemasyarakatan secara mendalam dengan maksud memahami sifat dan maknanya bagi perseorangan yang terlibat didalamnya dan penulis terjun langsung ke lapangan. Sedangkan dalam analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pelaksanaan praktik penjualan kembali barang kredit tidak secara tertulis hanya secara lisan dan tidak ada saksi. Adapun dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam transaksi penjualan kembali barang kredit objek dalam jual beli tersebut bukan milik seutuhnya pihak penjual atau debitur (barang hutang) dan pihak ketiga walaupun sudah membeli barang tersebut secara cash/tunai bukan lah pemilik sah barang tersebut karena barang tersebut masih dalam angsuran pembayaran
Studi Komparasi Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 Dan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Ketentuan Jaminan Produk Halal
Authors: Lilik Erliani  , Cucu Sobiroh
Published: July 2022

Latar belakang penulis melakukan penelitian ini karena di Indonesia mayoritas muslim. Maka konsumsi industri halal baik makanan, minuman, obat-obatan, dan kosmetik sangat banyak diperdagangkan serta oleh ajaran agama islam menganjurkan setiap muslim mengkonsumsi makanan dan minuman yang halal dan baik kualitasnya. Dengan ini, perlunya produksi pangan, obat-obatan dan kosmetik yang dikonsumsi dan digunakan masyarakat khususnya muslim harus teruji kehalalannya dengan bukti adanya sertifikat halal dari MUI. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana komparasi Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 Dan Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Ketentuan Jaminan Produk Halal? Tujuan disusunnya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbandingan Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 Dan Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Ketentuan Jaminan Produk Halal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka atau studi dokumen untuk mencari relevansi dari Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 Dan Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014 tentang ketentuan jaminan produk halal. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi sumber data primer dari penelitian ini adalah dokumen yang berkaitan dengan objek kajian yang memberkan penjelasan yang mempunyai hubungan dengan topik seoerti jurnal dan skripsi. Sumber data sekunder adalah Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, Al-qur’an, Hadist, dan para ulama atau MUI Berdasarkan Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 tentang Penyelenggara Pengkaji Pangan, Obat-obatan, dan Kosmetik. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa relevansi dari Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 Dan Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014 tentang ketentuan jaminan produk halal ada kesamaan dalam kewajiban bersertifikat halal. Akan tetapi perbedaannya dalam Fatwa MUI No: Kep-018/MUI/I/1989 sertifikat halal yang diberikan hanya berlaku selama 2 tahun sedangkan Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014 berlakuselama 4 tahun baru memperpanjang sertifikatnya kembali.
Praktik Jual Beli Online Dengan Sistem Pre Order Ditinjau Dari Fiqh Muamalah Studi Kasus Pada Izza Shop Taman Asri Kecamatan Baradatu Kabupaten Way Kanan
Authors: Andriansyah
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan fenomena berkembangnya jual beli online dengan sistem pre order. Jual beli online pre order adalah sistem pembelian barang dengan cara memesan dan membayar terlebih dahulu diawal, tengah atau akhir dengan masa tunggu waktu estimasi dan penyerahan barang dilakukan dikemudian hari. Jual beli pre order dalam fiqh muamalah menggunakan akad as-salam. Transaksi pre order dilakukan salah satu pihak yang siap menyerahkan barang kepada pihak lain pada waktu tertentu, dimana terkadang objek barang masih berada di supplier. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana proses transaksi jual beli online dengan sistem pre order di Izza Shop? (2) Bagaimana proses transaksi jual beli online dengan sistem pre order di Izza Shop menurut fiqh muamalah? Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisa pada penelitian ini analisa deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan penalaran induktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pemesanan yang dilakukan secara online melalui media sosial, seperti facebook, instagram dan whatsapp. Pembeli dapat memilih barang yang akan dipesan melalui postingan yang ada di sosial media Izza Shop. Proses akad jual beli dilakukan melalui chat pribadi antara penjual dan pembeli melakukan kesepakatan bersama terkait dengan transaksi jual beli online, mulai dari sistem pembayaran, penyerahan barang dan kesepakatan lain. Transaksi jual beli beli online sistem pre order pada Izza Shop, menggunakan dua jenis akad yaiu akad as-salam dan istishna. Akad as-salam pembayarannya dilakukan diawal akad secara penuh, sedangkan jika akad istishna pembayarannya dilakukan secara cicilan atau tangguhan sesuai dengan kesepakatan Bersama.  Sistem pembayaran pada Izza Shop sudah sesuai dengan fiqh muamalah dalam akad ba’i as-salam dan istishna, karena sistem pembayaran pada Izza Shop ini dapat dikatakan fleksibel sesuai dengan keadaannya. Dalam hal kepuasan pelanggan, Izza Shop menerapkan hak khiyar kepada pelanggan yang merasa kurang puas dengan barang yang diterima, apabila ketidakpuasan pelanggan disebabkan karena kelalaian dari pihak Izza Shop. Hal ini sudah sesuai jika ditinjau dari fiqh muamalah.