bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Characterization of a Pathogenic Porcine Rotavirus B Strain Identified in Buryat Republic, Russia in 2015
Authors: Alekseev Konstantin P. , Penin Aleksey A. , Mukhin Alexey N. , Khametova Kizkhalum M. , Grebennikova Tatyana V. , Yuzhakov Anton G. , Moskvina Anna S. , Musienko Maria I. , Raev Sergey A. , Mishin Alexandr M. , Kotelnikov Alexandr P. , Verkhovsky Oleg A. , Aliper Taras I. , Nepoklonov Eugeny A. , Herrera-Ibata Diana M. , Shepherd Frances K. , Marthaler Douglas G.
Published: April 2018

An outbreak of enteric disease of unknown etiology with 60% morbidity and 8% mortality in weaning piglets occurred in November 2015 on a farm in Buryat Republic, Russia. Metagenomic sequencing revealed the presence of rotavirus B in feces from diseased piglets while no other pathogens were identified. Clinical disease was reproduced in experimentally infected piglets, yielding the 11 RVB gene segments for strain Buryat15, with an RVB genotype constellation of G12-P[4]-I13-R4-C4-M4-A8-N10-T4-E4-H7. This genotype constellation has also been identified in the United States. While the Buryat15 VP7 protein lacked unique amino acid differences in the predicted neutralizing epitopes compared to the previously published swine RVB G12 strains, this report of RVB in Russian swine increases our epidemiological knowledge on the global prevalence and genetic diversity of RVB.
Treatment of Anaerobic Digester Effluent Using Acorus calamus: Effects on Plant Growth and Tissue Composition
Authors: Pincam Tararag , Brix Hans , Jampeetong Arunothai
Published: April 2018

The responses of Acorus calamus under greenhouse conditions for 56 days when exposed to three dilutions (25%, 50%, and undiluted) of anaerobic digester effluent from a swine farm were determined. Plant growth, morphology, pigments, and minerals in plant tissues as well as water quality were investigated. The plants grew well in all concentrations of anaerobic digester effluent with no statistically significant effects on plant growth and morphology, and without any toxicity symptoms. The NH4+ concentrations in leaves and roots and the NO3− concentrations in leaves as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in the plant tissues increased with increasing effluent concentration. The nutrients in the anaerobic digester effluent were removed effectively (NH4-N > 99% removal; PO4-P > 80% removal), with highest removal rates in the undiluted digester effluent. The removal of total suspended solids (>80% in 42 days) and chemical oxygen demand (37–53%) were lower. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the anaerobic digester effluent increased overtime, probably because of root oxygen release. It is concluded that Acorus calamus could be a promising species for treating high-strength wastewater with high nutrient concentrations, such as effluents from anaerobic digesters as well as other types of agricultural wastewaters.
Reducing Uncertainty in Mapping of Mangrove Aboveground Biomass Using Airborne Discrete Return Lidar Data
Authors: Rocha de Souza Pereira Francisca , Kampel Milton , Gomes Soares Mário Luiz , Estrada Gustavo Calderucio Duque , Bentz Cristina , Vincent Gregoire
Published: April 2018

Remote sensing techniques offer useful tools for estimating forest biomass to large extent, thereby contributing to the monitoring of land use and landcover dynamics and the effectiveness of environmental policies. The main goal of this study was to investigate the potential use of discrete return light detection and ranging (lidar) data to produce accurate aboveground biomass (AGB) maps of mangrove forests. AGB was estimated in 34 small plots scatted over a 50 km2 mangrove forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Plot AGB was computed using either species-specific or non-species-specific allometric models. A total of 26 descriptive lidar metrics were extracted from the normalized height of the lidar point cloud data, and various model forms (random forest and partial least squares regression with backward selection of predictors (Auto-PLS)) were tested to predict the recorded AGB. The models developed using species-specific allometric models were distinctly more accurate (R2(calibration) = 0.89, R2(validation) = 0.80, root-mean-square error (RMSE, calibration) = 11.20 t·ha−1, and RMSE(validation) = 14.80 t·ha−1). The use of non-species-specific allometric models yielded large errors on a landscape scale (+14% or −18% bias depending on the allometry considered), indicating that using poor quality training data not only results in low precision but inaccuracy at all scales. It was concluded that under suitable sampling pattern and provided that accurate field data are used, discrete return lidar can accurately estimate and map the AGB in mangrove forests. Conversely this study underlines the potential bias affecting the estimates of AGB in other forested landscapes where only non-species-specific allometric equations are available.
On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Manfreda Salvatore , McCabe Matthew F. , Miller Pauline E. , Lucas Richard , Pajuelo Madrigal Victor , Mallinis Giorgos , Ben Dor Eyal , Helman David , Estes Lyndon , Ciraolo Giuseppe , Müllerová Jana , Tauro Flavia , De Lima M. Isabel , De Lima João L. M. P. , Maltese Antonino , Frances Felix , Caylor Kelly , Kohv Marko , Perks Matthew , Ruiz-Pérez Guiomar , Su Zhongbo , Vico Giulia , Toth Brigitta
Published: April 2018

Environmental monitoring plays a central role in diagnosing climate and management impacts on natural and agricultural systems; enhancing the understanding of hydrological processes; optimizing the allocation and distribution of water resources; and assessing, forecasting, and even preventing natural disasters. Nowadays, most monitoring and data collection systems are based upon a combination of ground-based measurements, manned airborne sensors, and satellite observations. These data are utilized in describing both small- and large-scale processes, but have spatiotemporal constraints inherent to each respective collection system. Bridging the unique spatial and temporal divides that limit current monitoring platforms is key to improving our understanding of environmental systems. In this context, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have considerable potential to radically improve environmental monitoring. UAS-mounted sensors offer an extraordinary opportunity to bridge the existing gap between field observations and traditional air- and space-borne remote sensing, by providing high spatial detail over relatively large areas in a cost-effective way and an entirely new capacity for enhanced temporal retrieval. As well as showcasing recent advances in the field, there is also a need to identify and understand the potential limitations of UAS technology. For these platforms to reach their monitoring potential, a wide spectrum of unresolved issues and application-specific challenges require focused community attention. Indeed, to leverage the full potential of UAS-based approaches, sensing technologies, measurement protocols, postprocessing techniques, retrieval algorithms, and evaluation techniques need to be harmonized. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research and applications of UAS in natural and agricultural ecosystem monitoring in order to identify future directions, applications, developments, and challenges.
Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Double Step Growth of Gold Nano-Islands
Authors: De Almeida José M. M. M. , Vasconcelos Helena , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Coelho Luis
Published: April 2018

It is presented the fabrication and characterization of optical fiber sensors for refractive index measurement based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with gold nano-islands obtained by single and by repeated thermal dewetting of gold thin films. Thin films of gold deposited on silica (SiO2) substrates and produced by different experimental conditions were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope/Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and optical means, allowing identifying and characterizing the formation of nano-islands. The wavelength shift sensitivity to the surrounding refractive index of sensors produced by single and by repeated dewetting is compared. While for the single step dewetting, a wavelength shift sensitivity of ~60 nm/RIU was calculated, for the repeated dewetting, a value of ~186 nm/RIU was obtained, an increase of more than three times. It is expected that through changing the fabrication parameters and using other fiber sensor geometries, higher sensitivities may be achieved, allowing, in addition, for the possibility of tuning the plasmonic frequency.
Assessment of Dry Epidermal Electrodes for Long-Term Electromyography Measurements
Authors: Yamagami Momona , Peters Keshia M. , Milovanovic Ivana , Kuang Irene , Yang Zeyu , Lu Nanshu , Steele Katherine M.
Published: April 2018

Commercially available electrodes can only provide quality surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements for a limited duration due to user discomfort and signal degradation, but in many applications, collecting sEMG data for a full day or longer is desirable to enhance clinical care. Few studies for long-term sEMG have assessed signal quality of electrodes using clinically relevant tests. The goal of this research was to evaluate flexible, gold-based epidermal sensor system (ESS) electrodes for long-term sEMG recordings. We collected sEMG and impedance data from eight subjects from ESS and standard clinical electrodes on upper extremity muscles during maximum voluntary isometric contraction tests, dynamic range of motion tests, the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test, and the Box & Block Test. Four additional subjects were recruited to test the stability of ESS signals over four days. Signals from the ESS and traditional electrodes were strongly correlated across tasks. Measures of signal quality, such as signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-motion ratio, were also similar for both electrodes. Over the four-day trial, no significant decrease in signal quality was observed in the ESS electrodes, suggesting that thin, flexible electrodes may provide a robust tool that does not inhibit movement or irritate the skin for long-term measurements of muscle activity in rehabilitation and other applications.
The Politics of Social Structures in the Palestinian Case: From National Resistance to Depoliticization and Liberalization
Authors: Alashqar Yaser
Published: April 2018

This article examines the role of Palestinian civil society organizations in resistance struggles against Israeli military occupation in the 1970s and 1980s. The research focuses on the civil society transformation and shift from national resistance in the politically motivated framework of Israeli–Palestinian conflict of the 1970s and 1980s to internal and depoliticized processes in the 1990s. The overall purpose of this study is to provide knowledge about the role of civil society organizations in Gaza and the West Bank in the Palestinian national struggle and promote a deeper understanding of the changing role of Palestinian civil society following the Oslo peace process in the 1990s. The research methods are based on a supportive and integrated combination of theory and field research including interviews with civil society and academic representatives. The main findings and conclusions suggest that the transformation of Palestinian nationalist and secular grassroots organizations and the shift towards depoliticization and liberalization in the 1990s is the result of the Oslo peace process and the subsequent creation of a Palestinian “liberal civil society” in response to the requirements of international donors and their liberalization agenda.
The Role of Mimicry Isomorphism in Sustainable Development Operationalisation by SMEs in South Africa
Authors: Masocha Reginald , Fatoki Olawale
Published: April 2018

The study surveyed 222 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the Limpopo province of South Africa on the impact of mimicry isomorphism in making sustainable development operational. The research made use of self-administered questionnaires which were distributed, and the convenience sampling technique was used. Data analysis primarily comprised of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through SPSS software version 24 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) through AMOS software version 24. The SEM results revealed that all three measured dimensions of sustainable development—namely, economic, environmental, and social—were significantly influenced by mimicry isomorphism. As such, the implications of the study are that strong evidence exists pertaining to the operationalisation of sustainable development due to mimetic isomorphism.
Member Heterogeneity in Agricultural Cooperatives: A Systems-Theoretic Perspective
Authors: Iliopoulos Constantine , Valentinov Vladislav
Published: April 2018

All over the globe, cooperatives are plagued by pervasive member heterogeneity problems that are induced by the radical and dynamic changes in the business environment. Most current solutions to these problems emphasize strengthening member loyalty and commitment. Yet, many of these solutions are symptomatic rather than fundamental. Searching for fundamental solutions, this paper draws on the Luhmannian system-environment paradigm. Bringing this paradigm to bear on the cooperative scholarship, the paper views cooperatives as operationally closed systems maintaining a precarious relationship to their outer environment, which includes cooperative members. In view of their operational closure, cooperatives tend to overstrain the carrying capacity of their environment by being active in the areas marked by a limited extent of the true commonness of member interests. This overstraining results in a host of problems associated with member heterogeneity. The fundamental solutions following from the system-environment paradigm require the adjustment of cooperative boundaries and goals in light of the evolving range of the true common interests of members. In terms of methodology, we review the extant literature, synthesize the main elements of the system-environment approach and conduct a meta-analysis of case studies and other empirical research to highlight our theoretical arguments.
An Assessment of Regional Sustainability through Quality Labels for Small Farmers’ Products: A Slovak Case Study
Authors: Jaďuďová Jana , Marková Iveta , Hroncová Emília , Vicianová Jana Hroncová
Published: April 2018

Regional product labelling can help develop regional business activities, especially with traditional regional products. Their general popularity is a significant source of income for less-developed regions. The Gemer-Malohont region is an economically underdeveloped area with a high unemployment rate. The subject of the survey was focused on regional food products that are made by small farmers. The analysis was carried out using data from a questionnaire survey on the period April–July 2017 in each of the region’s districts. The results obtained by the questionnaire survey were processed with the use of statistical methods (two-step cluster analysis, radar chart, box-plots, regression analysis) using Microsoft Excel and the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. We divided consumers into two groups—knowledgeable regional food purchasers and priced-oriented consumers—based on their preference for regional food and through cluster analysis. We show that the more developed regions (Rimavská Sobota and Rožňava) show a higher rate of purchase of regional foods. Less-developed regions (Poltár, Revúca) are represented by lower-income consumers for whom the food price is the decisive criterion. Local residents of backward regions should pay attention to domestic food and local small farmers who are tools for the creation of local capital and local development.
Lie and Q-Conditional Symmetries of Reaction-Diffusion-Convection Equations with Exponential Nonlinearities and Their Application for Finding Exact Solutions
Authors: Cherniha Roman , Serov Mykola , Pliukhin Oleksii
Published: April 2018

This review is devoted to search for Lie and Q-conditional (nonclassical) symmetries and exact solutions of a class of reaction-diffusion-convection equations with exponential nonlinearities. A complete Lie symmetry classification of the class is derived via two different algorithms in order to show that the result depends essentially on the type of equivalence transformations used for the classification. Moreover, a complete description of Q-conditional symmetries for PDEs from the class in question is also presented. It is shown that all the well-known results for reaction-diffusion equations with exponential nonlinearities follow as particular cases from the results derived for this class of reaction-diffusion-convection equations. The symmetries obtained for constructing exact solutions of the relevant equations are successfully applied. The exact solutions are compared with those found by means of different techniques. Finally, an application of the exact solutions for solving boundary-value problems arising in population dynamics is presented.
Efficient Algorithms for Real-Time GPU Volumetric Cloud Rendering with Enhanced Geometry
Authors: Jiménez de Parga Carlos , Gómez Palomo Sebastián Rubén
Published: April 2018

This paper presents several new techniques for volumetric cloud rendering using efficient algorithms and data structures based on ray-tracing methods for cumulus generation, achieving an optimum balance between realism and performance. These techniques target applications such as flight simulations, computer games, and educational software, even with conventional graphics hardware. The contours of clouds are defined by implicit mathematical expressions or triangulated structures inside which volumetric rendering is performed. Novel techniques are used to reproduce the asymmetrical nature of clouds and the effects of light-scattering, with low computing costs. The work includes a new method to create randomized fractal clouds using a recursive grammar. The graphical results are comparable to those produced by state-of-the-art, hyper-realistic algorithms. These methods provide real-time performance, and are superior to particle-based systems. These outcomes suggest that our methods offer a good balance between realism and performance, and are suitable for use in the standard graphics industry.
Electromyographic and Joint Kinematic Patterns in Runner’s Dystonia
Authors: Ahmad Omar F. , Ghosh Pritha , Stanley Christopher , Karp Barbara , Hallett Mark , Lungu Codrin , Alter Katharine
Published: April 2018

Runner’s dystonia (RD) is a task-specific focal dystonia of the lower limbs that occurs when running. In this retrospective case series, we present surface electromyography (EMG) and joint kinematic data from thirteen patients with RD who underwent instrumented gait analysis (IGA) at the Functional and Biomechanics Laboratory at the National Institutes of Health. Four cases of RD are described in greater detail to demonstrate the potential utility of EMG with kinematic studies to identify dystonic muscle groups in RD. In these cases, the methodology for muscle selection for botulinum toxin therapy and the therapeutic response is discussed. Lateral heel whip, a proposed novel presentation of lower-limb dystonia, is also described.
Analysis of the Relationship between Alternative Respiration and Sterigmatocystin Formation in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Molnár Ákos P. , Németh Zoltán , Fekete Erzsébet , Flipphi Michel , Keller Nancy P. , Karaffa Levente
Published: April 2018

Aspergillus nidulans has one gene for alternative oxidase (EC 1.10.3.11). To investigate the relationship between this mitochondrial terminal oxidase and the formation of the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin, the encoding aodA gene was both deleted and overexpressed. Relative to the wild-type, the cyanide-resistant fraction of respiration in the late stationary stage—when sterigmatocystin production occurs—doubled in the overexpressing mutant carrying three aodA gene copies, but decreased to 10% in the deletant. Essentially identical results were obtained regardless whether the cultures were illuminated or protected from light. In contrast, sterigmatocystin yield in the aodA deletant was about half of that in the control when grown in the dark, while aodA overexpression resulted in up to 70% more sterigmatocystin formed, the yield increasing with alternative oxidase activity. Results were quite different when cultures were illuminated: under those conditions, sterigmatocystin volumetric yields were considerably lower, and statistically unvarying, regardless of the presence, absence, or the copy number of aodA. We conclude that the copy number of aodA, and hence, the balance between alternative- and cytochrome C-mediated respiration, appears to correlate with sterigmatocystin production in A. nidulans, albeit only in the absence of light.
Land-Cover Change Analysis and Simulation in Conakry (Guinea), Using Hybrid Cellular-Automata and Markov Model
Authors: Traore Arafan , Mawenda John , Komba Atupelye Weston
Published: April 2018

In this study, land-cover change in the capital Conakry of Guinea was simulated using the integrated Cellular Automata and Markov model (CA-Markov) in the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). Historical land-cover change information was derived from 1986, 2000 and 2016 Landsat data. Using the land-cover change maps of 1986 and 2000, the land-cover change map for 2016 was simulated based on the Markov model in IDRISSI software (Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA). The simulated result was compared with the 2016 land-cover map for validation using the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC). The ROC result showed a very strong agreement between the two maps. From this result, the land-cover change map for 2025 was simulated using CA-Markov model. The result has indicated that the proportion of the urban area was 49% in 2016, and it is expected to increase to 52% by 2025, while vegetation will decrease from 35% in 2016 to 32% in 2025. This study suggests that the rapid land-cover change has been led by both rapid population growth and extreme poverty in rural areas, which will result in migration into Conakry. The results of this study will provide bases for assessing the sustainability and the management of the urban area and for taking actions to mitigate the degradation of the urban environment.
Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis
Authors: Miller Craig , Abdo Zaid , Ericsson Aaron , Elder John , VandeWoude Sue
Published: April 2018

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally-occurring retrovirus that infects domestic and non-domestic feline species, producing progressive immune depletion that results in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much has been learned about FIV since it was first described in 1987, particularly in regard to its application as a model to study the closely related lentivirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, FIV and HIV share remarkable structure and sequence organization, utilize parallel modes of receptor-mediated entry, and result in a similar spectrum of immunodeficiency-related diseases due to analogous modes of immune dysfunction. This review summarizes current knowledge of FIV infection kinetics and the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in relation to opportunistic disease, specifically in regard to studying HIV pathogenesis. Furthermore, we present data that highlight changes in the oral microbiota and oral immune system during FIV infection, and outline the potential for the feline model of oral AIDS manifestations to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-induced oral disease. Finally, we discuss advances in molecular biology, vaccine development, neurologic dysfunction, and the ability to apply pharmacologic interventions and sophisticated imaging technologies to study experimental and naturally occurring FIV, which provide an excellent, but often overlooked, resource for advancing therapies and the management of HIV/AIDS.
Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity
Authors: Shin Hye Jin , Kim Chonsaeng , Cho Sungchan
Published: April 2018

Nucleoside analogs have been frequently identified as antiviral agents. In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Nucleoside analogs generally interfere with cellular nucleos(t)ide synthesis pathways, resulting in the depletion or imbalance of (d)NTP pools. Intriguingly, a few recent reports have shown that some nucleoside analogs, including gemcitabine, activated innate immunity, inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, through nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition. The precise crosstalk between these two independent processes remains to be determined. Nonetheless, we summarize the current knowledge of nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition-related innate immunity and propose it as a newly emerging antiviral mechanism of nucleoside analogs.
Evaluation and Hydrological Simulation of CMADS and CFSR Reanalysis Datasets in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Jun , Shanguan Donghui , Liu Shiyin , Ding Yongjian
Published: April 2018

Multisource reanalysis datasets provide an effective way to help us understand hydrological processes in inland alpine regions with sparsely distributed weather stations. The accuracy and quality of two widely used datasets, the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets to force the SWAT model (CMADS), and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP), were evaluated in this paper. The accuracy of daily precipitation, max/min temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from CMADS and CFSR are firstly evaluated by comparing them with results obtained from 131 meteorological stations in the TP. Statistical results show that most elements of CMADS are superior to those of CFSR. The average correlation coefficient (R) between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of CMADS and CFSR ranged from 0.93 to 0.97. The root mean square error (RMSE) for CMADS and CFSR ranged from 3.16 to 3.18 °C, and ranged from 5.19 °C to 8.14 °C respectively. The average R of precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed for CMADS are 0.46; 0.88 and 0.64 respectively, while they are 0.43, 0.52, and 0.37 for CFSR. Gridded observation data is obtained using the professional interpolation software, ANUSPLIN. Meteorological elements from three gridded data have a similar overall distribution but have a different partial distribution. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to simulate hydrological processes in the Yellow River Source Basin of the TP. The Nash Sutcliffe coefficients (NSE) of CMADS+SWAT in calibration and validation period are 0.78 and 0.68 for the monthly scale respectively, which are better than those of CFSR+SWAT and OBS+SWAT in the Yellow River Source Basin. The relationship between snowmelt and other variables is measured by GeoDetector. Air temperature, soil moisture, and soil temperature at 1.038 m has a greater influence on snowmelt than others.
WCSPH with Limiting Viscosity for Modeling Landslide Hazard at the Slopes of Artificial Reservoir
Authors: Manenti Sauro , Amicarelli Andrea , Todeschini Sara
Published: April 2018

This work illustrated an application of the FOSS code SPHERA v.8.0 (RSE SpA, Milano, Italy) to the simulation of landslide hazard at the slope of a water basin. SPHERA is based on the weakly compressible SPH method (WCSPH) and holds a mixture model, consistent with the packing limit of the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF), which was previously tested for simulating two-phase free-surface rapid flows involving water-sediment interaction. In this study a limiting viscosity parameter was implemented in the previous formulation of the mixture model to limit the growth of the apparent viscosity, thus saving computational time while preserving the solution accuracy. This approach is consistent with the experimental behavior of high polymer solutions for which an almost constant value of viscosity may be approached at very low deformation rates near the transition zone of elastic–plastic regime. In this application, the limiting viscosity was used as a numerical parameter for optimization of the computation. Some preliminary tests were performed by simulating a 2D erosional dam break, proving that a proper selection of the limiting viscosity leads to a considerable drop of the computational time without altering significantly the numerical solution. SPHERA was then validated by simulating a 2D scale experiment reproducing the early phase of the Vajont landslide when a tsunami wave was generated that climbed the opposite mountain side with a maximum run-up of about 270 m. The obtained maximum run-up was very close to the experimental result. Influence of saturation of the landslide material below the still water level was also accounted, showing that the landslide dynamics can be better represented and the wave run-up can be properly estimated.
Occurrence and Removal of Copper and Aluminum in a Stream Confluence Affected by Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Rodríguez Carolina , Leiva-Aravena Enzo , Serrano Jennyfer , Leiva Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an environmental concern characterized by low pH and high concentrations of dissolved metals and sulfate. Yerba Loca Creek in Santiago, Chile, is an AMD-affected water stream that originates in a glacier and, therefore, has a season-dependent flow. This water course is characterized by low pH (3.75 ± 0.13) and high concentrations of aluminum (2.2–2.6 mg/L) and copper (4.8–6.5 mg/L). A field campaign was carried out to study the geochemical behavior around the confluence of the Yerba Loca Creek with the San Francisco River, which has a neutral pH and low concentration of dissolved metals. The results show that the geochemical parameters after the confluence are very similar to those registered for the Yerba Loca Creek, due to its great flow in relation to the San Francisco River. The pH after the mixing zone was controlled by the geochemical conditions and flow of the Yerba Loca Creek; however, the turbidity decreases and stabilizes downstream. We found that, despite the low impact of pH on the precipitation of aluminum and copper phases due to poor neutralization, the dissolved aluminum and copper concentrations are slightly decreased after the mixing zone by natural microscale removal processes or suspended solids formation. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analysis of suspended solids indicates the presence of various oxides, hydroxy-sulfates and aluminosilicates, which have a great affinity for adsorption and co-precipitation with dissolved metals (i.e., Al and Cu). A pH-neutralization would favor the formation of more minerals and, therefore, the immobilization of the heavy metals found in these waters. These results contribute to a better understanding of the effect of the confluence of water courses related to pollution by AMD. It is possible that the seasonal variation of the flows has an impact on the composition of water and minerals formed.
Electrochemically modified Corey–Fuchs reaction for the synthesis of arylalkynes. The case of 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)naphthalene
Authors: Pandolfi Fabiana , Chiarotto Isabella , Feroci Marta
Published: April 2018

The electrochemical reduction of 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)naphthalene in a DMF solution (Pt cathode) yields selectively 2-ethynylnaphthalene or 2-(bromoethynyl)naphthalene in high yields, depending on the electrolysis conditions. In particular, by simply changing the working potential and the supporting electrolyte, the reaction can be directed towards the synthesis of the terminal alkyne (Et4NBF4) or the bromoalkyne (NaClO4). This study allowed to establish that 2-(bromoethynyl)naphthalene can be converted into 2-ethynylnaphthalene by cathodic reduction.
Increased Heat Transport in Ultra-hot Jupiter Atmospheres through H2 Dissociation and Recombination
Authors: Bell Taylor J. , Cowan Nicolas B.
Published: April 2018

A new class of exoplanets is beginning to emerge: planets with dayside atmospheres that resemble stellar atmospheres as most of their molecular constituents dissociate. The effects of the dissociation of these species will be varied and must be carefully accounted for. Here we take the first steps toward understanding the consequences of dissociation and recombination of molecular hydrogen (H2) on atmospheric heat recirculation. Using a simple energy balance model with eastward winds, we demonstrate that H2 dissociation/recombination can significantly increase the day–night heat transport on ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs): gas giant exoplanets where significant H2 dissociation occurs. The atomic hydrogen from the highly irradiated daysides of UHJs will transport some of the energy deposited on the dayside toward the nightside of the planet where the H atoms recombine into H2; this mechanism bears similarities to latent heat. Given a fixed wind speed, this will act to increase the heat recirculation efficiency; alternatively, a measured heat recirculation efficiency will require slower wind speeds after accounting for H2 dissociation/recombination.
Phenology of Promestosoma boggianii (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in a Neotropical floodplain
Authors: Santos Silva Lorhaine , Gimenez Pinheiro Tamaris , Isaac Marques Marinêz , Dênis Battirola Leandro
Published: April 2018

Studies that address biodiversity and its supporting mechanisms in different ecosystems are fundamental to understanding the relationships between species and the prevailing environmental conditions within each habitat type. This study presents information on the phenology of Promestosomaboggianii (Silvestri, 1898) and its association with seasonal flood and dry events in a floodplain of Mato Grosso’s northern Pantanal region, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas located between the Bento Gomes and Cuiabá rivers, on the Porto Cercado Road, Poconé-MT. Each sample area was composed of two treatments: (I) floodable habitats and (NI) non-floodable habitats. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were established within each treatment, with sampling carried out using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry season, rising water, high water and receding water phases for the duration of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 295 P.boggianii individuals were sampled at different stages of development (except stages I and II), distributed between the rising water (209 ind., 70.8%), dry (76 ind., 25.8%) and receding water (10 ind., 3.4%) seasons. No specimens were sampled during the high water season. The higher abundances recorded between the dry and rising water seasons, primarily at early stages of development, indicate that P.boggianii is characterized as a univoltine species in these habitats. The data demonstrate that individuals of P.boggianii were more abundant in floodable habitats. In addition, the results show that the life cycle of this diplopod is sinchronized to the seasonal nature of this floodable environment, as a strategy to survive the extreme conditions of terrestrial and aquatic phases Brazil’s northern Pantanal region.
Archduke Ferdinand’s Musical Parnassus in Graz
Authors: Kokole Metoda
Published: April 2018

Archduke Ferdinand of Inner Austria was not only the dedicatee of the anthology Parnassus Musicus Ferdinandaeus – in itself a rich document of the future Holy Roman Emperor’s wide-ranging musical connections – but his court in Graz also became – on account of his personal music interests and the opportunities provided by carefully planned family connections – a major hub of the leading musical trends of the first two decades of the seventeenth century. The paper provides an overview of this intricate web forming Ferdinand’s musical “Parnassus” in Graz.
Merchant and Masonic Networks in Eighteenth-Century Colonial India
Authors: Deschamps Simon
Published: April 2018

Cet article se propose d’explorer le rôle des loges et des réseaux maçonniques dans l’économie commerciale de l’Inde coloniale au xviiie siècle. Les premières loges maçonniques firent leur apparition et se développèrent en Inde dans le sillage de la Compagnie anglaise des Indes Orientales, la compagnie de commerce constituée par Charte Royale qui détenait le monopole du commerce avec les Indes. Les listes de membres de ces loges révèlent l’intérêt tout particulier des classes commerciales pour l’appartenance maçonnique. L’étude des réseaux maçonniques et commerciaux a beaucoup à nous apprendre à propos de ce qui donna à l’Empire sa cohésion, surtout si l’on conçoit l’Empire, avec David Cannadine, comme « un système interactif, un vaste monde interconnecté ».
“Transferring the British Club Model to the American Colonies: Mapping Spaces and Networks of Power (1720-70)”
Authors: Capdeville Valérie
Published: April 2018

Cet article se propose d’explorer les liens entre espace, mobilité et pouvoir dans l’histoire des premiers clubs américains, à travers l’étude d’une institution spécifique exportée depuis la Grande-Bretagne vers ses colonies. Indissociable de l’urbanisation, de la croissance commerciale et de l’expansion de la presse, la sociabilité du club répond parfaitement aux besoins d’intégration sociale, de partage de valeurs culturelles et de progrès collectif propres aux colons britanniques. Étudier les vecteurs et les modalités de transfert du modèle du club de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique permettra de retracer son destin colonial. Ce phénomène nous renseigne sur la façon dont les idées étaient diffusées, les pratiques sociales reproduites et adaptées dans les principales villes et ports coloniaux, sur le rôle d’individus et de cercles d’individus dans le succès des clubs coloniaux, sur la formation des élites sociales, politiques et culturelles. Dans quelle mesure les premiers clubs américains représentent-ils des espaces de pouvoir? Quelle influence ont-ils sur la constitution des nouvelles élites locales? Comment ces gentlemen se servent-ils de leur appartenance à un club pour construire leur identité sociale et leurs réseaux?
Empire et liberté, empire ou liberté : du xvie siècle en Angleterre à l’Amérique du xixe siècle
Authors: Marienstras Élise
Published: April 2018

Cet article prend appui sur la polysémie du terme « empire » dans le contexte de l’apogée des colonies anglaises, vers 1750 et à l’ère révolutionnaire, puis lors des débuts de la Jeune république américaine, entre 1776 et 1840. Entre ces différents moments, la révolution d’indépendance constitue une articulation pour laquelle le concept « d’empire » va servir de facteur de continuité. 1800, date de l’élection de Thomas Jefferson à la présidence des États-Unis, marque une étape importante dans le glissement sémantique du terme « empire », au moment où il s’inscrit officiellement sous la plume de Thomas Jefferson dans le syntagme d’« empire de la liberté » ou d’« empire pour la liberté ». L’ère jacksonienne marquera, avec la « révolution du marché » et les débuts de l’industrialisation dans la première moitié du xixe siècle, le début de l’idéologie du (néo)libéralisme qui dominera la scène économique et politique américaine jusqu’à nos jours.
L’Empire des sens : sensualité, significations et circulations de la nouvelle culture matérielle
Authors: Fennetaux Ariane
Published: April 2018

En s’intéressant à la nouvelle culture matérielle importée en Grande-Bretagne, et plus largement en Europe, par les grandes compagnies commerciales, l’article entend mettre en lumière plusieurs aspects de la construction matérielle de l’empire et ainsi contribuer à la critique d’une vision européocentrique de l’empire. A travers les exemples plus spécifiques de la porcelaine chinoise et du coton indien, il s’agit de jouer sur les différentes significations du mot « sens » et d’interroger la sensualité nouvelle de ces objets, afin de comprendre la signification à lui donner. Les qualités sensorielles de ces nouveaux objets qui fascinent tant les Européens ne correspondent pas uniquement à l’émergence de nouveaux plaisirs esthétiques, ni même à un hédonisme qui n’aurait d’autre finalité que la satisfaction des sens. Ces nouvelles caractéristiques viennent enrichir et compliquer la manière dont sont évalués les objets à une époque où c’est le toucher qui, combiné à la vue, permet d’établir la valeur d’un objet. Enfin, les qualités spécifiques de la porcelaine et du coton correspondent également à des savoir-faire techniques non maîtrisés par les Européens et viennent ainsi remettre en cause la vision européocentrique de l’empire. Les porcelaine et cotonnades, qui portent les marques d’hybridations techniques et esthétiques complexes, rendent ainsi manifestes l’existence de circulations multiples au sein d’un espace multipolaire où la Grande-Bretagne n’est qu’un des nombreux acteurs impliqués. Pourtant ce sont précisément ces objets aux origines hybrides qui sont peu à peu identifiés avec ce qui serait une identité matérielle britannique.
‘The infusion of a China Plant […] sweetened with the Pith of an Indian Cane’: Consuming, Tasting and Visualising the Empire
Authors: Alayrac-Fielding Vanessa
Published: April 2018

Les dernières décennies du XVIIe siècle virent l’arrivée, sur les tables aristocratiques, des porcelaines et du thé importés de Chine par le biais du commerce avec l’East India Company, mais aussi du sucre, venu des Antilles. Au même moment, un type de nature morte prenant comme sujet la consommation du thé devenait très recherché. Thé, porcelaines et sucre dans ce type de peinture offrent un discours matériel sur les échanges mondiaux reliant Indes orientales et Antilles. Cet article montre qu’il s’agit alors de présenter une version matérielle de l’histoire de l’empire et une vision où l’empire s’apparente au monde des choses. La description du Royal Exchange de Joseph Addison dans son essai du Spectator (1711) vient corroborer cette idée, en offrant une image impériale de Londres sous le signe du commerce. Cette étude du texte d’Addison, de certaines natures mortes et peintures de conversation de l’époque, propose de s’intéresser à la représentation de l’empire sous l’angle de la consommation et de la matérialité.
Retour sur la fondation de l’Abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel et le rôle du duc Richard Ier de Normandie
Authors: Gandy George N.
Published: April 2018

Le point de vue traditionnellement admis selon lequel l’abbaye du Mont Saint-Michel fut fondée vers 965 par le duc normand Richard I a été largement remis en question au cours des dernières décennies car il constitue une narration normande, écrite a posteriori dans un but apologétique. Que Richard ait contrôlé la partie Ouest de son duché à une date si précoce, si toutefois il l’a contrôlée un jour, condamne cette interprétation. D’autres hypothèses ont été avancées, par exemple que des bénédictins bretons aient précédé l’arrivée des Normands et que ceux-ci, de toute façon, ne se seraient pas beaucoup intéressés à l’îlot avant le début du xie siècle. Cet article examine ces nouvelles théories et montre qu’elles sont peu convaincantes. L’auteur soutient que la communauté de clercs installée par l’évêque Aubert d’Avranches vers 709 était toujours responsable de ce lieu de pèlerinage au milieu du xe siècle ; que Richard Ier les a remplacé par des bénédictins en 965 faisant ainsi un geste politique afin d’obtenir une paix avec l’empereur Otton Ier, le roi franc Lothair et le comte de Blois, Thibaud ; qu’au même moment il a expulsé les clercs ; et que, par la suite, il a ignoré sa nouvelle abbaye qui, par conséquent, a dû lutter pendant une génération avant d’être bien établie.
Potred Plouiaou(1490) et la question des chants de révolte en langue bretonne
Authors: Laurent Donatien , Nassiet Michel
Published: April 2018

Cet article est l’édition critique du texte de Potred Plouaiou tel qu’il est transcrit dans le
manuscrit d’Hersart de La Villemarqué qui l’a édité en 1845. La
critique externe et interne montre que ce texte résulte bien d’une
collecte de terrain auprès d’un chanteur. L’épisode qu’il rapporte, la
prise de Quimper par des paysans révoltés, ne peut se situer qu’en
1490. L’article le compare ensuite avec deux autres chants de révolte,
l’un en breton datant de la même révolte, l’autre, en français, de la
Guerre des paysans de 1525 ; les ressemblances formelles entre ces
trois textes apportent une preuve supplémentaire de leur authenticité.
Ce dossier permet aussi de revenir sur un problème méthodologique,
celui des chants qui n’ont été collectés que par un seul chercheur. Il
montre que le genre des chants politiques a bien existé dans la
littérature orale en langue bretonne.
Tombeau de lumière
Authors: Tison Stéphane
Published: April 2018

En 1914, Albert Échivard est un maître-verrier de
renommée nationale qui a contribué à la renaissance de la verrerie
mancelle initiée dans la 2e moitié du xixe siècle. Son
fils, Maxime, élève de l’École des Arts décoratifs de Paris, commence
lui-même une œuvre personnelle au début des années 1910. Conscrit
depuis deux ans au moment de la déclaration de guerre, il est porté
disparu dans la Somme le 2 octobre 1914. Dès lors, son père ne va
cesser d’entretenir le souvenir de ce fils en réunissant d’abord ses
amis, en construisant un réseau commémoratif qui dépasse les limites
du cercle de deuil pour faire connaître ses premières œuvres. Surtout,
il le représente dans une dizaine d’œuvres et de verrières entre 1915
à 1938, inscrivant cette mort dans une lecture à la fois patriotique
et religieuse. Le travail d’un deuil complexe, sur le temps long, s’y
dessine dans l’évolution d’une expression qui glisse d’un style
figuratif propre à la Belle Époque aux arts décoratifs.
Le développement des métairies dans le comté de Nantes à la fin du Moyen Âge (xive-xve siècles)
Authors: Rabot Brice
Published: April 2018

Les xive et xve siècles marquent un tournant dans l’organisation spatiale des campagnes nantaises. Face aux multiples bouleversements (guerres, développement et réorientation des échanges extérieurs, reconstruction des campagnes à la fin du Moyen Âge), les seigneurs ruraux modifient, de manière lente et progressive, les structures agraires en accordant une place grandissante aux redevances partiaires. Les métairies connaissent alors une période d’expansion sans toutefois supplanter totalement les censives, qui continuent de dominer les paysages agraires du comté de Nantes. Cet article se propose de retracer dans leurs grandes lignes les principales évolutions qui ont conduit à ce développement du métayage, en croisant démarche historique et approche multiscalaire.
L’énigme « Artus Thomas, sieur d’Embry, Parisien »
Authors: Rabaud Grégory
Published: April 2018

Au début du xviie siècle, un chroniqueur français, Artus Thomas, sieur d’Embry, se fait remarquer au sein de la société parisienne pour avoir édité plusieurs œuvres, dont l’une d’elles, l’Histoire des Turcs, est particulièrement volumineuse. Or, la vie de l’auteur reste un véritable mystère. Cet article entend décrire le débat en cours sur cet Artus Thomas, tout en évoquant les œuvres qu’il a écrites et celles qui lui ont été attribuées. Une place importante est faite à cette Histoire des Turcs afin d’analyser la personnalité de l’écrivain et d’identifier ses sources pour mieux le situer dans la République des Lettres, à l’heure où le roi de France rêve toujours de s’établir en Orient.