bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contarinia manii sp. n. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): inducer of a remarkable gall on Acacia ferruginea in southern India
Authors: HARRIS KEITH M.
Published: December 2018

Contarinia manii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described as a new species, on the basis of adults reared from remarkable 'cylinder-piston' galls formed from contiguous leaflets of Acacia ferruginea D.C. in southern India. These galls have been known since 1952 but adults were not reared until 2007. The new species, and another Indian species, Contarinia ramachandrani (Mani), induce similar but distinct galls on the same host plant. A third species, Contarinia carolinae Gagné, induces leaf galls on Acacia senegal in Kenya. Comparison of adult, pupal and larval morphology indicate that these three species may represent a monophyletic group associated with complex leaf galls on Acacia, in East Africa and India.
Flavizona Huo, a new genus of Syrphini from China, with a key to genera of Syrphini in China
Authors: HUO KE-KE , SHI FU-MIN
Published: December 2018

In the present paper a new genus of Syrphini from China is described: Flavizona Huo, gen. nov. The type species is designated as Flavizona dolichostigma Huo, sp. nov. The new genus is similar in appearance to Leucozona Schiner, 1860, but can easily be distinguished from the latter by indistinct facial medial tubercle, wing without dark brown medial maculae and elongate oval abdomen without premarginal sulcus. A key to genera of Syrphini in China is provided.
Larval morphology of the antlion Neuroleon microstenus (McLachlan, 1898) (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae), with notes on larval biology
Authors: DEVETAK DUŠAN , LIPOVŠEK SAŠKA , PABST MARIA-ANNA
Published: December 2018

Larval stages of the Mediterranean antlion species Neuroleon microstenus (McLachlan) are described and illustrated. Larvae do not build pitfall traps. They pursue prey by digging in sand backwards and waiting a prey. Second and third instar larvae move backwards or forwards on sand surface, whilst first instar larvae only forwards. Characteristic for the larvae of N. microstenus—like for other non-pit-builders—are prominent eye tubercles and sparse mandibular bristles. On the abdominal tip two bulges occur, each with four digging bristles. On the dorsal side of the head of second and third instar larvae black pigmentation occur forming “V” mark. Campaniform sensilla, sensilla coeloconica and sensilla basiconica are recognized for the first time in antlion larvae.
A new species of Aleuroclava Singh (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Iran
Authors: SHAHBAZVAR NASRIN , MANZARI SHAHAB , SAHRAGARD AHAD , HOSSEINI REZA , HAJIZADEH JALIL
Published: December 2018

A new whitefly species, Aleuroclava kharazii Manzari & Shahbazvar sp. nov., is described and illustrated here from several host plant species belonging to Apocynaceae and Rosaceae in Iran. Its taxonomic affinities are briefly discussed.
The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism
Authors: KOTOV ALEXEY A. , SINEV ARTEM Y. , BERRIOS VIVIANA LORENA
Published: December 2018

It was recently demonstrated that mountain areas add to a significant increase of the number of known cladoceran species due to higher chances of endemism. We studied six water bodies in the North Chilean Andes (XV, I and II Regions of Chile), located at more than 4000 m above sea level, and found 19 species of the Cladocera. Several selected taxa are redescribed in detail. Three new species are described: Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) paggii sp. nov. from Salar de Lagunillas, Pleuroxus fryeri sp. nov. from Crater Lake in Licancabur Volcano (type locality) and Laguna Leija, Alona altiplana sp. nov. from Crater Lake in Licancabur Volcano (type locality) and three other water bodies. A single female, determined as Coronatella cf. circumfimbriata (Megard, 1967) from Salar de Lagunillas, probably also belongs to a yet undescribed species. Geoffreya fryeri gen. nov., sp. nov. is found in a single locality, Salar de Lagunillas. The genus Geoffreya gen. nov. (Chydoridae: Aloninae) is different from all other genera of Aloninae in a set of unique and rare characters, such as (1) exopodites III and IV, both having only four setae, all of them terminal, (2) seta 1 of exopodite V longer than setae 2–4, (3) six setae in filter plate II; (4) small size of exopodites III–V in comparison with limb I; (5) two interconnected main head pores of different size; (6) clusters of hard setules on basal and middle segments of antenna II exopodite, (7) very long setules in the lateral fascicles on the postabdomen. The postabdominal claw in Geoffreya gen. nov. bears a very short basal spine. Among 19 species found, four taxa can be regarded as cosmopolitan, ten (more than half among 19!) are Andean endemics (among them six have Patagonian congeners), two are Andean-Patagonian, one circum-Neotropical, one “Gondwanian”, one found in two very distant localities, in the Andes and high mountains of Mexico. Some zoogeographical patterns revealed in this study are discussed. Some species groups, i.e. Daphnia paggii sp. nov. and its conge-4 · Zootaxa 2430 © 2010 Magnolia Pressners, Ilyocryptus nevadensis and its congeners, are probably differentiated from some pan-continental Mesozoic taxa. We agree with previous authors that the Andean-Patagonian patterns in the cladoceran distribution likely has a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) signature (Löffler 1984; Adamowicz et al. 2002; Mergeay et al. 2008). Based on the marked increase of number of endemic Andean taxa after our investigation of only six water bodies, we assume that the number of Neotropical endemics in the Cladocera could be significantly increased in course of further studies of the Andean high altitude waters.
Two new mealybug species from the Falkland Islands (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae)
Authors: WILLIAMS D. J.
Published: December 2018

Two new mealybug species, Rhizoecus bolacis sp. nov. and Trionymus jonesi sp. nov., are described from the Falkland Islands, the first species in any family of scale insects to be recorded from these islands. Both species live on the roots of Bolax gummifera (Apiaceae) and were extracted using Tullgren funnel apparatus.
Biserovus xiae sp. n. and Doryphoribius qinlingense sp. n., new species of eutardigrades from China
Authors: LI XIAOCHEN , SU LINA , YU DI
Published: December 2018

Two new species of tardigrades are described from China (Biserovus xiae sp. n. and Doryphoribius qinlingense sp. n.). B. xiae sp. n. is the second species of this genus. It differs from B. bindae in shorter and wider bucco-pharyngeal tube with buccal tube width pt 15.0, in relatively shorter pharyngeal tube, and in narrower and shorter common tract and much longer principal and secondary branches of the double claws. D. qinlingense differs from other species of the genus in having a smooth cuticle, or in the number of placoids, or in having claws with a well-developed common tract or with a relatively longer secondary branch.
Storms Producing Large Accumulations of Small Hail
Authors: Kumjian Matthew R. , Lebo Zachary J. , Ward Aaron M.
Published: December 2018

Hail-bearing storms produce substantial socioeconomic impacts each year, yet challenges remain in forecasting the type of hail threat supported by a given environment and in using radar to estimate hail sizes more accurately. One class of hail threat is storms producing large accumulations of small hail (SPLASH). This paper presents an analysis of the environments and polarimetric radar characteristics of such storms. Thirteen SPLASH events were selected to encompass a broad range of geographic regions and times of year. Rapid Refresh model output was used to characterize the mesoscale environments associated with each case. This analysis reveals that a range of environments can support SPLASH cases; however, some commonalities included large precipitable water (exceeding that day’s climatological 90th-percentile values), CAPE < 2500 J kg−1, weak storm-relative wind speeds (<10 m s−1) in the lowest few kilometers of the troposphere, and a weak component of the storm-relative flow orthogonal to the 0–6-km shear vector. Most of the storms were weak supercells that featured distinctive S-band radar signatures, including compact (<200 km2) regions of reflectivity factor > 60 dBZ, significant differential attenuation evident as negative differential reflectivity extending downrange of the hail core, and anomalously large specific differential phaseKDP. TheKDPvalues often approached or exceeded the operational color scale’s upper limit (10.7° km−1); reprocessing the level-II data revealedKDP>17° km−1, the highest documented in precipitation at S band. Electromagnetic scattering calculations using the T-matrix method confirm that large quantities of small melting hail mixed with heavy rain can plausibly explain the observed radar signatures.
Subgrid Parameterizations of the Eddy–Eddy, Eddy–Mean Field, Eddy–Topographic, Mean Field–Mean Field, and Mean Field–Topographic Interactions in Atmospheric Models
Authors: Kitsios Vassili , Frederiksen Jorgen S.
Published: December 2018

Parameterizations are developed for each of the subgrid turbulence interaction classes in fully three-dimensional global atmospheric flows over topography, typical of January and July climate states. Stochastic and deterministic parameterizations are developed for the eddy–eddy interactions and deterministic parameterizations for eddy–mean field, eddy–topographic, mean field–mean field, and mean field–topographic interactions. All parameterizations are calculated from the statistics of higher-resolution reference direct numerical simulations (DNSs) truncated into resolved and subgrid scales and employed without tuning coefficients. This parameterization framework is validated by performing large-eddy simulations (LESs) that closely agree with the reference DNSs in terms of time-averaged kinetic energy spectra, zonal jet structure, and nonzonal streamfunction fields. Both the DNSs and LESs are formulated in such a way that the usual problem of a long artificial dissipation range does not occur. Successful LESs are produced with truncation wavenumbers 31 and 15, using, respectively, only 11.9% and 1.3% of the DNS computational effort at truncation wavenumber 63. The lower-resolution LESs show that the parameterizations are successful even when the energy injection due to baroclinic instability is not completely resolved. The contribution of each of the parameterized interaction classes to the quality of the LES is identified. The best agreement is achieved when all subgrid components are included. There is a very high level of agreement between the LESs and DNSs with typical streamfunction pattern correlations of r = 0.962 for the nonzonal components and r = 0.999 for the total fields when the complete sets of parameterizations are used.
Skill Evaluation of Extended-Range Forecasts of Rainfall and Temperature over the Meteorological Subdivisions of India
Authors: Joseph Susmitha , Sahai A. K. , Phani R. , Mandal R. , Dey A. , Chattopadhyay R. , Abhilash S.
Published: December 2018

Under the National Monsoon Mission Project initiated by the government of India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences, an indigenous dynamical ensemble prediction system (EPS) has been developed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology based on the state-of-the-art Climate Forecast System Model version 2 (CFSv2) coupled model, for extended-range (~15–20 days in advance) prediction. The forecasts are generated for the entire year covering the southwest monsoon, the northeast monsoon, and the summer and winter seasons. As the forecast of rainfall is important during the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons, along with that of the temperature during the summer and winter seasons, the present study documents the deterministic as well as probabilistic skill of the EPS in predicting the results in the respective seasons, over various meteorological subdivisions throughout India, on a pentad-lead time scale. The EPS is found to be skillful in predicting rainfall during the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons, as well as temperature during the summer and winter seasons, across different subdivisions of India. In addition, the EPS is noted to be skillful in predicting selected extremes in rainfall and temperature. This affirms the reliability and usefulness of the present EPS from an operational perspective.
Tough talk: Youth offenders’ perceptions of communicating in the Youth Justice system in New Zealand
Authors: Lount Sarah A , Hand Linda , Purdy Suzanne C , France Alan
Published: December 2018

Youth Justice procedures rely heavily on oral language. International research suggests young people in the Youth Justice system have poorer language skills than their non-offending peers, which has implications for their participation in Youth Justice processes and rehabilitation programmes. Most research of youth offenders’ communication skills focuses on standardised assessments and quantitative measures, with little known of young people’s perceptions of communicating within the highly verbally mediated Youth Justice setting. This exploratory study used semi-structured interviews of eight males, of unknown language-skill status, from one Youth Justice residence in New Zealand. Results suggested the young people felt they had no control or ‘voice’ in court, or with adults whose roles, or with whom, they were not familiar. Communicating in court was an area of significant difficulty for nearly all the participants; they reported feeling unable to say what they wanted or understand what was going on. Confidence and participation varied with some participants lacking the confidence to use communication strategies in court, whereas others would ‘just say what they wanted’. The relationship with their communication partner, especially trust and familiarity, was very important to facilitate communication, and most young people could identify strategies that could help communication breakdowns, although not all reported using them. To facilitate full participation and access to court processes and Youth Justice programmes, the communication barriers identified in this study should be considered in any intervention or support developed for young people who offend.
Summative Usability Assessments of STAR-Vote: A Cryptographically Secure e2e Voting System That Has Been Empirically Proven to Be Easy to Use
Authors: Acemyan Claudia Ziegler , Kortum Philip , Byrne Michael D. , Wallach Dan S.
Published: December 2018

Background:

From the project’s inception, STAR-Vote was intended to be one of the first usable, end-to-end (e2e) voting systems with sophisticated security. To realize STAR-Vote, computer security experts, statistical auditors, human factors (HF)/human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers, and election officials collaborated throughout the project and relied upon a user-centered, iterative design and development process, which included human factors research and usability testing, to make certain the system would be both usable and secure.

Objective:

While best practices in HF/HCI methods for design were used and all apparent usability problems were identified and fixed, summative system usability assessments were conducted toward the end of the user-centered design process to determine whether STAR-Vote is in fact easy to use.

Method and Results:

After collecting efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction measurements per ISO 9241-11’s system usability criteria, an analysis of the data revealed that there is evidence for STAR-Vote being the most usable, cryptographically secure voting system to date when compared with the previously tested e2e systems: Helios, Prêt à Voter, and Scantegrity.

Conclusion and Application:

STAR-Vote being one of the first e2e voting systems that is both highly usable and secure is a significant accomplishment, because tamper-resistant voting systems can be used in U.S. elections to ensure the integrity of the electoral process, while still ensuring that voter intent is accurately reflected in the cast ballots. Moreover, this research empirically shows that a complex, secure system can still be usable—meaning that implemented security is not an excuse for poor usability.
Geopolitical factors and mental health I
Authors: Persaud Albert , Day Geraint , Gupta Susham , Ventriglio Antonio , Ruiz Roxanna , Chumakov Egor , Desai Geetha , Castaldelli-Maia Joao , Torales Julio , Juan Tolentino Edgardo , Bhui Kamaldeep , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: December 2018

Natural and man-made disasters carry with them major burden and very often the focus is on immediate survival and management of resulting infectious diseases. The impact of disasters directly and indirectly on the well-being and mental health of those affected often gets ignored. The reasons are often stigma and lack of attention to mental health consequences. In addition, often the focus is on preventing the spread of infectious diseases such as waterborne or airborne diseases. This is further complicated by the fact that often aid agencies in offering aid tend to focus on communicable diseases and not on mental health of populations. This focus may reflect easily to measure outcomes in comparison with mental illnesses as the global burden of disease is likely to increase in the next few decades. There is an urgent need to apply the principles of social justice on social and health care policies, which will lead to elimination of stigma. In this article, we propose that the impact of mental illness as a result of disasters needs to be taken seriously in any planning and delivery of relief. Mental health is likely to be affected both directly and indirectly as a result of disasters and also likely to be influenced by ongoing factors such as poor housing, overcrowding and other social determinants. In addition to deliver equity between physical and mental illnesses, appropriate and adequate resources are needed so that identifiable needs can be met with clear outcomes.
Geopolitical factors, foreign aid and mental health II: Value for money
Authors: Persaud Albert , Day Geraint , Ventriglio Antonio , Gupta Susham , Ramachandran Padmavati , Ruiz Roxanna , Chumakov Egor , Desai Geetha , Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio , Torales Julio , Tolentino Edgardo Juan , Bhui Kamaldeep , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: December 2018

In the previous accompanying paper, we described geopolitical factors which affect mental health of individuals who suffer directly and indirectly. These disasters whether they are natural or man-made often attract significant amounts of aid and resources – financial and human. In addition, those who offer foreign aid need to be aware of where and how the aid is being spent. In this paper, we propose that aid giving agencies give due attention to the impact the aid should have on mental health of recipients. Global mental health has become a movement, but concerns remain about its efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative that any aid given is given and utilised in a culturally appropriate and culturally sensitive way. In an interconnected and interlinked world, it is likely that when one country or nation is affected by disasters or trauma, it will impact upon others around both directly and indirectly. We present a new measurement tool-CAPE Vulnerability Index which can be used to identify most vulnerable communities so that international aid may be more appropriately targeted. We believe that this index may go some way in assisting governments and policymakers in ascertaining the impact of their aid on the emotional and mental health of individuals. We suggest that their needs to be a ring-fencing of aid to ensure that population mental health is protected and enhanced with a strategic approach inbuilt into the foreign policy the focus needs to shift towards public mental health.
Creating Effective Online Customer Experiences
Authors: Bleier Alexander , Harmeling Colleen M. , Palmatier Robert W.
Published: December 2018

Creating effective online customer experiences through well-designed product web pages is critical to success in online retailing. How such web pages should look specifically, however, remains unclear. Previous work has only addressed a few online design elements in isolation, without accounting for the potential need to adjust experiences to reflect the characteristics of the products or brands being sold. Across 16 experiments, this research investigates how 13 unique design elements shape four dimensions of the online customer experience (informativeness, entertainment, social presence, and sensory appeal) and thus influence purchase. Product (search vs. experience) and brand (trustworthiness) characteristics exacerbate or mitigate the uncertainty inherent in online shopping, such that they moderate the influence of each experience dimension on purchases. A field experiment that manipulates real product pages on Amazon.com affirms these findings. The results thus provide managers with clear strategic guidance on how to build effective web pages.
Mental Health and Substance Use–Related Hospitalizations Among Women of Reproductive Age in Illinois and Wisconsin
Authors: Bennett Amanda C. , Gibson Crystal , Rohan Angela M. , Howland Julia F. , Rankin Kristin M.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Mental health and substance use are growing public health concerns, but established surveillance methods do not measure the burden of these conditions among women of reproductive age. We developed a standardized indicator from administrative data to identify inpatient hospitalizations related to mental health or substance use (MHSU) among women of reproductive age, as well as co-occurrence of mental health and substance use conditions among those hospitalizations.

Materials and Methods:

We used inpatient hospital discharge data from 2012-2014 for women aged 15-44 residing in Illinois and Wisconsin. We identified MHSU-related hospitalizations through the principal International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis and first-listed ICD-9-CM external cause of injury code (E code). We classified hospitalizations as related to 1 of 3 mutually exclusive categories: a mental disorder, a substance use disorder, or an acute MHSU-related event. We defined co-occurrence as the presence of both mental health and substance use codes in any available diagnosis or E-code field.

Results:

Of 1 173 758 hospitalizations of women of reproductive age, 150 318 (12.8%) were related to a mental disorder, a substance use disorder, or an acute MHSU-related event, for a rate of 135.6 hospitalizations per 10 000 women. Of MHSU-related hospitalizations, 115 163 (76.6%) were for a principal mental disorder, 22 466 (14.9%) were for a principal substance use disorder, and 12 709 (8.5%) were for an acute MHSU-related event; 42.4% had co-occurring mental health codes and substance use codes on the discharge record.

Practice Implications:

MHSU-related disorders and events are common causes of hospitalization for women of reproductive age, and nearly half of these hospitalizations involved co-occurring mental health and substance use diagnoses or events. This new indicator may improve public health surveillance by establishing a systematic and comprehensive method to measure the burden of MHSU-related hospitalizations among women of reproductive age.
Short-Term Incidence of Sequelae of HCV Infection Among Medicaid Beneficiaries in Oregon
Authors: Jindai Kazuaki , Crawford Courtney , Thomas Ann R.
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

Given the known high morbidity and mortality of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Oregon, we sought to develop a practical method of estimating the severe sequelae of HCV infection among Medicaid beneficiaries in Oregon.

Methods:

We assembled a retrospective cohort that identified all Oregon Medicaid beneficiaries with HCV infection enrolled for at least 1 year during 2009-2013. We linked this cohort to 3 data sets to identify HCV-related deaths, cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and first hospitalizations for advanced liver disease (ALD). We calculated incidence density rates and used multivariable Cox regression modeling to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics (birth year, sex, race, ethnicity) and these 3 outcomes.

Results:

Of 11 790 Oregon Medicaid beneficiaries with HCV infection, 474 (4.0%) had an HCV-related death, 156 (1.3%) had HCC, and 596 (5.1%) had a first hospitalization for ALD. Adjusted hazard ratios for deaths were 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.8) among persons born in 1945 through 1965 (vs persons born after 1965), 2.1 (95% CI, 1.7-2.5) among males (vs females), and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2-2.9) among Asian/Pacific Islanders and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5-3.2) among American Indian/Alaska Natives (vs white persons). The same risk groups had significant aHRs for first hospitalizations for ALD. Persons born before 1945 (aHR = 17.0; 95% CI, 5.2-55.8) and in 1945 through 1965 (aHR = 12.8; 95% CI, 4.1-40.3) vs born after 1965, males (aHR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.3-4.8) vs females, and Asian/Pacific Islanders (aHR = 3.9; 95% CI, 2.3-6.7) vs white persons had higher risks for HCC.

Conclusions:

Continued assessments using the methods piloted in this study will allow Oregon to monitor trends in severe sequelae of HCV infection over time.
Facile fabrication of ultraviolet-protective silk fabrics via atomic layer deposition of TiO2 with subsequent polyvinylsilsesquioxane modification
Authors: Yang Huiyu , Wang Yaling , Liu Keshuai , Liu Xin , Chen Fengxiang , Xu Weilin
Published: December 2018

To develop ultraviolet (UV) light-protective silk fabrics (SFs), a conformal nanoscale TiO2 coating was deposited using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, and polyvinylsilsesquioxanes (PVSs) were further coated onto the SFs to enhance their hydrophobicity and UV light-resistance. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed hierarchical microstructures and nanostructures of the TiO2 coatings, which were primarily responsible for the increase of the water contact angle from approximately 0 to 120° after the ALD process. A high mean square surface roughness of 76.325 nm also accounted for this improved water contact angle. Furthermore, TiO2-coated SFs modified with low surface energy PVSs exhibited enhanced hydrophobic properties. More importantly, both the UV-blocking and yellowing-resistance of the SFs were improved without any significant change to the luster of the SFs. The ease and simplicity of this fabrication method makes it applicable to the preparation of multifunctional textiles with both good water repellency and UV-resistance.
A new method using the convolutional neural network with compressive sensing for fabric defect classification based on small sample sizes
Authors: Wei Bing , Hao Kuangrong , Tang Xue-song , Ding Yongsheng
Published: December 2018

The convolutional neural network (CNN) has recently achieved great breakthroughs in many computer vision tasks. However, its application in fabric texture defects classification has not been thoroughly researched. To this end, this paper carries out a research on its application based on the CNN model. Meanwhile, since the CNN cannot achieve good classification accuracy in small sample sizes, a new method combining compressive sensing and the convolutional neural network (CS-CNN) is proposed. Specifically, this paper uses the compressive sampling theorem to compress and augment the data in small sample sizes; then the CNN can be employed to classify the data features directly from compressive sampling; finally, we use the test data to verify the classification performance of the method. The explanatory experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods for running time, our CS-CNN approach can effectively improve the classification accuracy in fabric defect samples, even with a small number of defect samples.
‘Do not expect me to stay quiet’: Challenges in managing a historical strategic resource
Authors: Cailluet Ludovic , Gorge Hélène , Özçağlar-Toulouse Nil
Published: December 2018

In this paper we explore how a historical strategic resource (HSR) could be used by an organization. We propose that within an organization, HSR is both an asset and an arena for power struggle. Our contributions stand at several levels at the crossroads of strategic management and organizational studies. First, we show the importance of various stakeholders in constructing a HSR. Second, we highlight its complexity due to its embeddedness with history. The fact that a HSR could be akin to a public good implies that its rents are difficult to control for organizations. To uncover what is meant by a historical resource, we first present a review of the resource-based theory and the uses of the past in organizations from the perspective of organization theory and organizational history. We then present our fieldwork, which focuses on Emmaus, a major charity organization in France, and its founder, Abbé Pierre. Based on a historical study covering the period 1949 to 2017 drawing on the organization’s archives, online publications and data from the French national audiovisual archives, we identify visual and rhetorical elements that constitute Abbé Pierre and his past as HSR for the Emmaus organization. Eventually, our paper contributes to the literature by offering a four-dimensional management framework for HSR with appropriation, ownership, maintenance and distancing.
Rosai-Dorfman disease of the trachea: an extremely rare benign tumor
Authors: Santosham Rajan , Santosham Rajiv , Jacob Sheba SK , Phadke Ashwin Uday , Ponduru Trilok
Published: December 2018

Rosai-Dorfman disease or sinus histiocytosis is a nonmalignant disease chiefly presenting as a painless cervical lymphadenopathy, although extranodal involvement is also frequent. Involvement of the tracheobronchial tree is extremely rare, and there are no clear guidelines on management. Rosai-Dorfman disease usually presents as a tracheal tumor, although it may also present with extraluminal compression. Only 12 cases have been reported in the English language literature. Histopathology is required to confirm the diagnosis. We describe what we think is India’s first reported case of histologically proven tracheal Rosai-Dorfman disease in a 40-year-old otherwise healthy lady.
Trade unions as retaining walls against political change: A Gramscian approach to remunicipalisation policies in a Spanish City
Authors: Roca Beltran , Las Heras Jon
Published: December 2018

The 2008 economic and political crisis produced a favourable opportunity structure for the emergence of new and innovative left-wing political projects and trade union strategies in Spain, especially in relation to remunicipalisation processes that sought to revert the neoliberal policy making at the local scale. The article deploys a Gramscian analysis on trade union discourse production in order to discern complex process of working-class formation and intra-class conflict in the beach cleaning units of the Andalusian city of Cádiz. Crucially, the oppositional stand defended by one of the largest trade unions in Spain towards remunicipalisation shows that trade unions can act as ‘retaining walls’ against political change in periods of social upheaval.
Exploring Spatial Patterns of Guardianship Through Civic Technology Platforms
Authors: Solymosi Reka
Published: December 2018

Civic technologies levy advances in digital tools to promote civic engagement, giving people a voice to participate in public decision-making. While democratizing participation, the use of such civic tech also leaves behind a digital trace of the behavior of its users. This article uses such a digital trace to explore spatial patterns in active guardianship of public space. Through mapping people’s participation in a platform for reporting neighborhood concerns (a form of digitally enabled guardianship), the spatial range of guardianship is unpacked using exploratory spatial data analysis. Typologies for guardianship behavior are then created using k-means clustering. Results provide an insight into the heterogeneity of spatial behavior of different groups of guardians outside the home environment. Guardians appear to not be limited to activity within a neighborhood, and instead cover a larger awareness space with nodes and paths, and also show distinct patterns, indicating heterogeneity in guardianship patterns. Recommendations are made to consider operationalizing guardians as heterogeneous, and active in their entire activity space, rather than homogeneous groups assigned as crime prevention forces to a residential area.
Reimagining Guardians and Guardianship With the Advent of Body Worn Cameras
Authors: Wood Jennifer D. , Groff Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2018

The implementation of body worn cameras (BWCs) is occurring at a rapid rate and with relatively little information about their potential impacts on both the police and the citizens they serve. The core assumption underlying this widespread adoption is that BWCs will increase self-awareness among police officers as well as citizens, which will in turn reduce negative outcomes and improve police–citizen relations. At the same time, there is a broader movement to emphasize the function of police officers as guardians rather than warriors. This research draws from a mixed method evaluation of a pilot implementation of BWCs in Philadelphia, PA. We draw from focus groups and pre–post survey results to make the case for a wider conceptual frame in understanding the potential for BWCs to transform policing. Specifically, we argue that cameras can provide a tool for police officers to use in emphasizing their role as guardians. We provide evidence from the evaluation to support this view.
Fabrication, in vitro and in vivo studies of bilayer composite membrane for periodontal guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Zahid Saba , Khan Abdul Samad , Chaudhry Aqif Anwar , Ghafoor Sarah , Ain Qurat Ul , Raza Ahtasham , Rahim Muhammad Imran , Goerke Oliver , Rehman Ihtesham Ur , Tufail Asma
Published: December 2018

Development of a guided occlusive biodegradable membrane with controlled morphology in order to restrict the ingrowth of epithelial cells is still a challenge in dental tissue engineering. A bilayer membrane with a non-porous upper layer (polyurethane) and porous lower layer (polycaprolactone and bioactive glass composite) with thermoelastic properties to sustain surgery treatment was developed by lyophilization. Morphology, porosity, and layers attachment were controlled by using the multi-solvent system. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell proliferation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and histology. The cell proliferation rate and cell attachment results showed good biocompatibility of both surfaces, though cell metabolic activity was better on the polycaprolactone-bioactive glass surface. Furthermore, the cells were viable, adhered, and proliferated well on the lower porous bioactive surface, while non-porous polyurethane surface demonstrated low cell attachment, which was deliberately designed and a pre-requisite for guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes. In addition, in vivo studies performed in a rat model for six weeks revealed good compatibility of membranes. Histological analysis (staining with hematoxylin and eosin) indicated no signs of inflammation or accumulation of host immune cells. These results suggested that the fabricated biocompatible bilayer membrane has the potential for use in periodontal tissue regeneration.
Awareness of Breastfeeding Laws and Provisions of Students and Employees of Institutions of Higher Learning in Georgia
Authors: Anderson Alex Kojo , Johnson Evan , Motoyasu Nicole , Bignell Whitney E.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Over the past 2 decades, southern states in the United States have recorded the lowest breastfeeding rates. It is not known whether awareness of breastfeeding laws and provision of resources play any role in their breastfeeding practices.

Research aims:

The aims were (a) to describe awareness of breastfeeding laws and provisions by students and employees of institutions of higher learning in the state of Georgia, (b) to describe awareness by race and ethnicity, and (c) to determine factors associated with awareness of breastfeeding laws and provisions among students and employees within Georgia institutions of higher learning.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey of students ( n = 1,923) and employees ( n = 1,311) associated with five institutions within the University System of Georgia ( N = 3,271) was completed. Convenience sampling was used. Data were collected through Qualtrics. Chi-square test was used to examine differences between groups, while logistic regression was used to examine associations.

Results:

Participants included 33.3% undergraduate, 26.2% graduate students, 24.6% staff, 14.2% faculty, and 1.7% administrators. Over two thirds were female and white. Almost one third reported having a child or children. Awareness of breastfeeding laws and provisions was very low among respondents, with 26.6 and 9.6% aware of federal and state provisions, respectively. While less than 10% were familiar with the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative program, 52.6% reported their institution provides a supportive environment for breastfeeding. Being a student and being a minority were negatively associated with awareness of laws and provisions that support breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

The need for focused efforts on increasing awareness of legislative and institutional provisions and support for breastfeeding exists.
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Are More Averse to Social Than Nonsocial Risk
Authors: Calcutt Sarah E. , Proctor Darby , Berman Sarah M. , de Waal Frans B. M.
Published: December 2018

Social risk is a domain of risk in which the costs, benefits, and uncertainty of an action depend on the behavior of another individual. Humans overvalue the costs of a socially risky decision when compared with that of purely economic risk. Here, we played a trust game with 8 female captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) to determine whether this bias exists in one of our closest living relatives. A correlation between an individual’s social- and nonsocial-risk attitudes indicated stable individual variation, yet the chimpanzees were more averse to social than nonsocial risk. This indicates differences between social and economic decision making and emotional factors in social risk taking. In another experiment using the same paradigm, subjects played with several partners with whom they had varying relationships. Preexisting relationships did not impact the subjects’ choices. Instead, the apes used a tit-for-tat strategy and were influenced by the outcome of early interactions with a partner.
Adaptive fractional-order control of electrical flexible-joint robots: Theory and experiment
Authors: Izadbakhsh Alireza , Kheirkhahan Payam
Published: December 2018

Real-time fractional-order control of electrically driven flexible-joint robots has been addressed in this article. An important contribution of this article is that the control law is designed based on the Fourier series that eliminates the need for computation of regressor matrix. Moreover, the nonlinear effects of actuator saturation are considered in the control law. The lumped uncertainty can be approximated using Fourier series with unknown coefficients. Then, the unknown coefficients are estimated using the adaptation law obtained in the stability analysis. The overall closed-loop system is proven to be robust and bounded-input bounded-output stable. In addition, it has been shown that the joint-position errors are uniformly bounded based on Lyapunov’s stability concept. The satisfactory performance of the proposed control scheme is verified by experimental results. To highlight the superiority of the proposed method, experimental results of two voltage-based controllers are also presented.
Sexual dimorphism in SLE: above and beyond sex hormones
Authors: Christou Evangelos A A , Banos Aggelos , Kosmara Despoina , Bertsias George K , Boumpas Dimitrios T
Published: December 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by aberrant production of auto-antibodies and a sexual dimorphism both in the phenotypic expression and frequency of the disease between males and females. The striking female predominance was initially attributed primarily to sex hormones. However, recent data challenge this simplistic view and point more towards genetic and epigenetic factors accounting for this difference. More specifically, several SLE-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to play an important role in the gender predilection in SLE. Their effect is mediated through their involvement in sex-hormone and immune system signalling and dysregulation of the expression of genes and miRNAs pertinent to the immune system. Additionally, the genetic factors are interchangeably associated with epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification, thus revealing a highly complex network of responsible mechanisms. Of importance, disturbance in the epigenetic process of X chromosome inactivation in females as well as in rare X chromosome abnormalities leads to increased expression of X-linked immune-related genes and miRNAs, which might predispose females to SLE. Microbiota dysbiosis has also been implicated in the sexual dimorphism by the production of oestrogens within the gut and the regulation of oestrogen-responsive immune-related genes. Sexual dimorphism in SLE is an area of active research, and elucidation of its molecular basis may facilitate ongoing efforts towards personalized care.
Dynamic Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: The Micro-Foundations of Regional Entrepreneurship
Authors: Roundy Philip T. , Fayard Dutch
Published: December 2018

In pursuit of the beneficial outcomes of entrepreneurship, governments and regional development organisations enact policies to stimulate entrepreneurial activity. A growing focus of policymakers in emerging and developed economies is the promotion of entrepreneurial ecosystems: the interconnected system of forces that generate and sustain regional entrepreneurship. Despite intense interest in entrepreneurial ecosystems, the topic is under-theorised. Studies draw attention to the positive effects of entrepreneurial ecosystems on the creation and functioning of early-stage ventures; however, the specific mechanisms through which ecosystems influence entrepreneurs are not clear. To address this issue, we build on dynamic capabilities theory to create a theoretical framework that identifies a set of forces through which ecosystems influence entrepreneurship. We propose that in vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems entrepreneurs are more able to sense, seize and reconfigure resources and opportunities. Our theory contributes to entrepreneurship research, has implications for policymakers and practitioners, and suggests directions for future studies.
The effect of fermentation time on the volatile aromatic profile of tarhana dough
Authors: Özdemir Nilgün , Şimşek Ömer , Temiz Hasan , Çon Ahmet Hilmi
Published: December 2018

Tarhana is a traditional food produced by fermentation of a dough prepared by mixing wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, paprika, onion and mint. The fermentation of mixture of natural products gives the tarhana an aromatized desired food characteristic. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of fermentation time at home and commercial scale on the aromatic volatile profile of tarhana. In this respect, nine different tarhana dough samples were prepared at home and commercial scale and analysed for volatile and organic acid composition during fermentation which were then evaluated by principal component analysis. In all dough samples, the lactic, succinic and acetic acids were the most produced organic acids while the amounts of ketones decreased, and the alcohols, in particular the esters, increased within fermentation. Particularly, ethyl-lactate and ethyl-acetate increased significantly as well as ethyl-caprylate, ethyl-capronate and ethyl-hexanote responsible for fruity and flower flavour were also accumulated. Tarhana doughs were clustered in two main groups after five days of fermentation with principal component analysis and these clusters remained stable until the end of fermentation. As a conclusion, fermentation time determines the desirable tarhana by ensuring the formation of aromatic volatiles particularly esters. It is necessary to ferment tarhana for at least five days in order to obtain typical aromatic properties.
Will material interest make social workers quit their job? A meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Meng Sha , Chui Ernest Wing Tak
Published: December 2018

The academia and the profession have long overlooked the importance of material interest in the profession of social work. In order to address this research gap, we first reviewed the historical role that material interest has played in differentiating professions from nonprofessions and analyzed its decreasing status along the development of professions due to the two competing discourses of professionalization and de-professionalization. We concluded with the fundamental question, “does material interest still matter for the professions under the current professional environments,” and answered this question by purposively selecting one of the most important organizational outcomes of the social work workplace—turnover intentions—as our dependent variable. We then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between salary and turnover on 24 studies with a combined sample of 9343 social workers.

Findings

The results showed that salary was negatively related to social workers’ intentions to leave organizations (r = −.18, ρ = −.21). Specifically, both social workers’ actual salary and their satisfaction with pay and benefits were negatively associated with individual employees’ turnover intentions.

Applications

This research also supported Barth’s argument that despite social workers’ earnings are “unresponsive” to the labor market, they are not so different from other professions in the workforce market. Research implications both for the third model of the profession—institutionalist professionalism—in contemporary society and for salary raises were discussed.
Explaining the policy practice of community social workers
Authors: Weiss-Gal Idit , Gal John
Published: December 2018

Policy change is a core goal of community social workers. This study aims to identify the motivational and facilitating factors associated with community social workers’ engagement in policy practice, defined as policy involvement undertaken in the workplace context. The sample comprised of 106 community social workers employed by local government in Israel and the data were collected between June 2015 and February 2017.

Findings

The findings showed that community social workers are more likely to engage in policy when they enjoy higher professional status, possess more policy practice resources, have higher psychological involvement in politics, are more involved in political and professional networks, and sense that they enjoy greater organizational support for policy practice.

Applications

In seeking to enhance the engagement of community social workers in the policy process, social work education should provide future community social workers with policy practice skills and a sense of psychological engagement in politics. It should also encourage their participation in political networks and offer training that affords them opportunities to develop the organizational skills needed to further macro goals in a social service agency setting. In their workplace, community social workers seeking to engage in policy practice need to nurture an organizational culture that supports social workers’ policy involvement. Given that this study is on a single Israeli sample, future research on community social workers in additional work settings and in other countries is required in order to advance knowledge on this crucial, yet understudied, form of professional activity.