bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New View of the Lunar South Pole from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA)
Authors: Barker Michael K. , Mazarico Erwan , Neumann Gregory A. , Smith David E. , Zuber Maria T. , Head James W. , Sun Xiaoli
Published: September 2023

Upcoming missions to the lunar south pole require detailed maps over large areas to fully characterize landing sites locally and regionally and to place their data into proper geologic context. To that end, we enhanced the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter altimetry data set for the south polar region, from which we produced new maps of topography, topographic roughness, and permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). The roughness maps reveal a diversity of terrains characterized by hectometer-scale roughness that is controlled in this region primarily by cratering and downslope mass transport. The south polar region is littered with linear roughness features of order ∼1–10 km wide and approximately tens to hundreds of kilometers long hypothesized to be secondary impacts within extended ejecta rays. Nonuniformities in these features could reflect variations in secondary impactor properties and/or target terrain properties. Poleward of 80° S, the PSR cumulative size–frequency distribution (CSFD) shows an approximately power-law behavior whose exponent has a spatial variation of ∼10%. PSRs with areas <1 km2 contain 15% ± 5% of the total PSR area. Finally, we studied the effect of false positives and false negatives on the accuracy of the measured PSR CSFD and on the area for any individual PSR. The new maps presented here have many applications in the science and exploration of the lunar south polar region, such as geologic mapping and traverse planning.
Hydrological regime and forest development have indirect effects on soil fauna feeding activity in Central European hardwood floodplain forests
Authors: Scheunemann Nicole , Russell David J.
Published: September 2023

Soil fauna act as regulators of decomposition processes via their feeding activity, thereby playing an important role in regulating carbon cycling and sequestration. Hardwood floodplain forests are critically endangered habitats, but strongly contribute to carbon sequestration in Central Europe. In the present study, within a floodplain forest-development programme, we investigated the feeding activity of soil fauna via the Bait Lamina test in hardwood floodplain forests of the middle Elbe River in Germany in sites with different hydrological regimes and forest-development stages, with neighbouring grassland sites for comparison.

While statistically significant differences in overall feeding activity between general hydrological regimes or forest development stages were not found, decreases in feeding activity with soil depth were strongly modulated by these factors, indicating more unfavourable conditions for soil fauna at increasing soil depth due to, e.g., anoxic conditions in floodplains of tributaries or low soil moisture content below the shallow rooting zone of grasslands. Registered effects of soil texture on soil fauna feeding activity were dependent on forest-tree density, and combined effects indicate that soil-fauna feeding activity varies with soil temperature during spring, but with soil moisture in early autumn.

In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of the current abiotic conditions on soil-fauna feeding activities in floodplain forests, i.e. soil temperature, moisture and ground water level. Hydrological regime and forest development have a strong impact on the effect of these conditions, indirectly affecting soil fauna feeding activity and highlighting the multifactorial influence on soil fauna functional activity to be considered in floodplain-forest restoration programs.
Militer dans et aux lisières des organisations partisanes
Authors: Boyadjian Julien , Wojcik Stéphanie
Published: September 2023

Cet article questionne les logiques de l’engagement numérique des supporters des quatre principaux candidats à l’élection présidentielle française du printemps 2022 (Reconquête, RN, LREM et LFI). Un ensemble d’entretiens menés auprès de membres de chacune de ces formations permet de déterminer leurs motivations, leurs pratiques et leurs représentations, en particulier sur les terrains numériques. En les interrogeant sur leur rapport aux consignes partisanes, le temps passé à militer, ainsi que la manière dont ils gèrent leur identité en ligne, l’enquête met en lumière un premier résultat : le numérique favorise, renforce et rend davantage visible une tendance à l’individuation de l’engagement. Par ailleurs, les pratiques militantes en ligne présentent un caractère relativement artisanal, assez éloigné de l’image d’un militantisme numérique qui serait organisé à partir du recueil et de l’exploitation de données massives sur l’électorat ou mû par une quelconque intelligence artificielle. L’image du militant numérique « ordinaire » s’éloigne ainsi quelque peu des desseins des stratèges de campagne, se rapprochant davantage de celle dépeinte par la sociologie du militantisme.
Les jeux de l’allégorie et de la fiction au miroir d’un roman humaniste : l’ Argénis de John Barclay (1621)
Authors: Sag Mélanie
Published: September 2023

L’ Argénis de Barclay se situe à la croisée du roman, du traité politique et du texte à clé, ce qui amène à s’interroger sur la concurrence entre immersion dans le texte et interaction avec le texte. Si la lecture à clé a séduit le public de 1621, elle aboutit parfois à des impasses et des lectures contrefactuelles de l’Histoire. Les passages didactiques, articulés au récit, n’empêchent pas une immersion captivante, liée au début énigmatique in medias res . Au-delà du plaisir romanesque, une pensée de la fiction se dégage à travers les récits insérés et la démultiplication des identités du héros. Par un jeu de mise en abyme, Barclay théorise les rapports entre lecture allégorique et fictionnelle et signe une œuvre expérimentale, qui peut encore être utile à une réflexion sur la fictionalité.
Le climat peut‑il être événement ? Le Grand Hiver de 1709 ou comment est née une catastrophe climatique
Authors: Juret-Rafin Gautier
Published: September 2023

Le climat n’a jamais autant fait parler qu’aujourd’hui. Pourtant, ses mutations sont anciennes et les sociétés du passé offrent la possibilité à l’historien de se pencher sur la conception que celles‑ci auraient pu en avoir. L’hiver 1709 en est un exemple. Cet épisode météorologique très froid est aujourd’hui considéré comme étant un véritable événement climatique à bien des égards. La postérité le connaît comme le Grand Hiver et cet article analyse les tenants de cette construction anthropique qui conduit un événement météorologique d’exception à devenir un événement historique à part entière.
La peste a Venezia nel 1630. Uno studio sui testamenti veneziani
Authors: Donà Giovanni Filippo
Published: September 2023

Ce travail aborde le contexte de la peste de 1630 à Venise en utilisant une source spécifique, le testament, dans une tentative de dégager l’attitude du testateur, un peu plus intime et individuelle, envers l’épidémie. L’approche dans ce domaine a été entièrement expérimentale, puisque de nouvelles méthodes d’analyse, ainsi que l’étude de la documentation testamentaire en temps de peste, ont été appliquées au contexte vénitien. Dans une perspective comparatiste, on analysera les testaments écrits dans les années 1620‑1621 et pendant les années de la peste 1630‑1631. L’objectif est de noter les différences de comportement des testateurs entre une période de peste et une période au cours de laquelle la population vénitienne, dix ans plus tôt, vivait dans un calme relatif. Ce travail a porté sur deux enquêtes principales : interpréter l’attitude des Vénitiens face à l’épidémie et déterminer comment et combien de morts étaient présents dans la volonté vénitienne. Pour étudier ces aspects, je me suis concentré sur l’observation de certains éléments de la volonté : l’état de santé déclaré par le testateur, l’« investissement dans le ciel », à travers l’étude de la mansonaria et des dons aux institutions ecclésiastiques, et la présence de la mort dans la volonté vénitienne, en examinant les dispositions funéraires et le testament spirituel en général. Comme on le verra, les résultats de cette recherche ne sont pas du tout clairs ni faciles à interpréter.
Il corpo come spazio della catastrofe: scritture autobiografiche ed epidemie nel Cinquecento
Authors: Ciccarella Erica
Published: September 2023

L’article vise à analyser les différents types de récits produits en Italie au xvie siècle en relation avec les catastrophes épidémiques. En particulier, l’article analysera la fonction du témoin dans les récits catastrophiques liés aux épidémies de peste et de syphilis, en mettant l’accent sur la riche production textuelle « autobiographique » autour du « mal français ». En plus de l’enregistrement de l’épidémie par des chroniqueurs — parfois eux‑mêmes infectés par la maladie vénérienne comme Ser Tommaso d’Orvieto, dont on lira un extrait du Journal —, on prendra en considération les premières écritures personnelles relatant l’expérience de la maladie, publiées sous forme d’opuscules en Allemagne et en Italie. Enfin, l’attention sera portée au travestissement littéraire de l’expérience personnelle de la contagion vénérienne, à travers l’analyse d’un des textes les plus fascinants sur le mal français, le poème autobiographique de l’acteur-poète Niccolò Campani (1478‑1523).
A Critical Analytical View of Control Theory and the Geopolitical and Economic Drivers Affecting Cyber Security Warfare
Authors: Lewis Eugene J. , Baez Maria D.
Published: September 2023

Nearly 1 billion emails were exposed in 1 single year affecting 20% or 1 and 5 internet users, causing cyber security warfare worldwide. Under the control theoretic approach, users can prescribe defense actions to security alerts that provide system alerts of cyber-attacks in progress when the network is compromised. This critical analytical view of the World Economic Forum statistical data surrounds the five major drivers affecting the geopolitical and economic conditions of the top 50 nations based on public motivation, government policy, education system, labor market, and population inclusivity. The statistical data illustrates how data breaches have become an ongoing business issue causing an average of $4.35 million annually per organization. Within the cyber security market spectrum, control theory can address some of the challenges associated with geopolitical and economic drivers affecting cyber security warfare by providing a framework for designing and implementing adaptive security systems.
Exploring the Noteworthy Experiences of African American Female Mid-Level Leaders in the United States
Authors: Anderson Paula
Published: September 2023

African American female leaders in organizations face several issues due to the intersection of their race and gender, including psychological distress, intersectional invisibility, and discrimination in their role as leaders. The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological research study was to explore the psychological distress experiences of African American female leaders who encountered intersectional invisibility at the middle management leadership level in large U.S. organizations. This study revealed several psychological distress experiences and revealed the impact their psychological distress experiences had on their health and career decisions. Three theoretical constructs, social stress theory, the model of intersectional invisibility, and role congruity theory, framed and supported this study. One central research question and three sub-questions informed the study design. Semi structured interviews with 10 African American female middle-level leaders revealed six themes.
Examining Factors That Contribute to the Planning Fallacy in Healthcare Cybersecurity Business Continuity Planning
Authors: Wright Jorja B.
Published: September 2023

The planning fallacy is a specific bias pertaining to judgment errors that hamper the success cybersecurity business planning in healthcare organizations. The concepts explored include errors in human judgment, planning fallacy (cognitive bias), and how to mitigate this cognitive error. First, important concepts will be defined: cognitive bias, planning fallacy, and heuristic. Next, how cognitive biases contribute to human error in the decision-making process; third, the planning fallacy and how it pertains to both collaborative and complexity leadership theories will be analyzed. Finally, this chapter will conclude with possible implications for leaders to alleviate the consequences of the planning fallacy and provide insights for more effective approaches to business continuity planning for medical organizations.
Analysis of Digital Training Methodologies
Authors: Criveanu Marius Cătălin , Florescu Mihaela Cecilia , Ines Pires Ascenso Pestana , Gouveia Perry Pereira Alves Barbara , Casalino Giuseppe , Angelastro Andrea , Varbai Balász , Kovács Dorina , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin
Published: September 2023

This article consists in an analysis of different training methodologies obtained through research and evaluating the main methodologies in use in the field of steel structures. It starts with a state-of-the-art of to the cutting-edge digital teaching and learning techniques and tools for delivering innovative higher education and training in steel structures. A balance analysis was performed, with pros and cons being considered, to select the best methodologies for microlearning. It is also aim of this task to evaluate the requirements on digital tools and digital training methodologies in the field of steel structures. Also, it aims at collecting feedback on expectations and future career perspectives from teachers and trainers on the possible improvements they can get with the application of Digital Training Methodologies. To start, it is important to understand which tools are the most relevant to give high quality digital teaching. For almost all teachers and trainers the presentation instruments and online communication tools are considered the most important tools. In term of the topics that are important to address in terms of digital training the results have indicated the following: the identification of online fake content and information as well as cybersecurity matters, the ability to respect the others in a “always connected environment”, creation of digital content and the use of digital tools to solve the problems. Additionally, to the previous identified topics, and in order to improve the learning process and making it faster it is important to understand what makes online learning resources and content useful, for that, and through the analysis of the questionnaires results, it was observed that having interactive resources, easy to use, with high quality and relevant contents, that are designed to address the needs of the learners, it can be obtain a better learning process. The analysis of research carried out for this article, allowed to conclude that having interactive resources, easy to use, with high quality and relevant contents, that are designed to address the needs of the learners, it can be obtain a better and fast learning process.
A Narrative Review on Periprocedural Stroke and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kodan Parul , Khurana Sakshi , Gulati Amit , Hooda Amit
Published: September 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the treatment option for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis patients across all risk profiles. Despite remarkable advancements in technology and operator experience, the occurrence of periprocedural stroke remains a significant concern, predominantly attributed to thromboembolic events in the immediate postprocedural period. To optimize patient outcomes, various strategies have been developed to minimize the risk of stroke, encompassing comprehensive preprocedural planning, effective management of comorbidities, utilization of cerebral embolic protection devices, and tailored medical therapy. This comprehensive review summarizes the currently available strategies for mitigating periprocedural stroke post-TAVR and provides insights into future directions.
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy and Embolic Events
Authors: Bazoukis George , Chung Cheuk-To , Papadatos Stamatis S. , Tse Gary
Published: September 2023

Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is characterized by prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. Patients with LVNC have an increased risk of embolic events. The presence of symptoms at the time of diagnosis can be a risk marker for stroke/embolic events. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as measured by transthoracic echocardiography and left atrial diameter, has been found to be a significant predictor of systemic embolism in LVNC patients. Furthermore, CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus and stroke or transient ischemic attack) and CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, stroke, vascular disease, age 65–74 years and sex category [female]) scores were significantly higher in patients with stroke or embolism. Although the difference was not statistically significant, pediatric patients with LVNC combined with other congenital heart defects had more thromboembolic events compared to patients with isolated LVNC. On the other hand, stroke/transient ischemic attacks did not differ significantly between patients with isolated apical LVNC and mid-basal noncompaction. Furthermore, no differences in the prevalence of stroke between the quantiles of the maximal ratio of noncompacted to compacted myocardium have been revealed. Additionally, current data show no association between N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels and stroke/embolic events. Current evidence suggests anticoagulation treatment in LVNC patients with prior embolic events, atrial fibrillation, presence of left ventricular (LV) thrombus, and/or LV dysfunction. In patients with LVNC without a clear indication for anticoagulation, anticoagulant therapy may be considered in patients with CHADS2 score ≥2. More data are needed to identify patients at higher risk of embolic events who will be benefited from anticoagulation treatment.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Classes of Antiemetic Medications for the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Cesarean Section: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Asgarlou Zoleykha , Mohammadian Elham Dehghanpour , Houshmandi Sousan , Mohseni Mohammad , Sheyklo Sepideh Gareh , Moosavi Ahmad , Ahmadi Shiler
Published: September 2023

Background:

Antiemetic medications have been associated with the prevention of nausea and vomiting in cesarean section, although less is known about the comparative efficacy of different medication classes.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analyses to compare and rank antiemetic medication classes (5-HT3 receptor antagonists, dopamine receptor antagonists, corticosteroids, antihistamines, anticholinergic agents, sedatives, and opioid antagonists or partial agonists) in terms of preventing intra- and postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients undergoing cesarean section. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated any antiemetic medication classes' treatment for target outcomes. Network meta-analysis was conducted with a frequentist approach using the R netmeta package. A total of 58 trials were included (6,665 women undergoing cesarean section; mean age, 28.1 years).

Results:

Compared with placebo, all interventions reduced the odds of intraoperative nausea (except antihistamines), intraoperative vomiting (except antihistamines), postoperative nausea (except anticholinergic agents and opioid antagonists), and postoperative vomiting (except opioid antagonists). In terms of intraoperative nausea and both intra- and postoperative vomiting, sedatives ranked first among other medication classes.

Conclusions:

The relative effect sizes for various classes of antiemetic medication in preventing nausea and vomiting in the cesarean section were modeled using the principles of network meta-analysis which may facilitate informed clinical decision-making.
Preventive Risk Assessment of Medication in Intensive Wards
Authors: Hayati Hadi , Piramoon Majid
Published: September 2023

Background:

Failure mode and effect analysis (FEMA) approach as one of the preventive risk management strategies to identify and prevent errors in the medication process in nursing care in the 10 intensive wards in two large hospitals in Khorramabad.

Methods:

This study is applied descriptive research, which is conducted as a mixed-method quantitative-qualitative approach using focus group discussion.

Results:

The average risk priority number (RPN) score for the intensive care unit (ICU) in this study was 20.97. The highest RPN scores were associated with the SICU (Surgical ICU) and EICU (Emergency ICU) wards with RPN of 24.66 and 22.71, respectively. Among the steps of the medication process, the first step “physician order” had the highest score (RPN = 26.08).

Conclusions:

The intensive wards, which had high RPN scores are exposed to more risk of the drug medication process like EICU and SICU; also, simple acts such as handwriting readable by a physician can considerably reduce risk in the ICU.
Providing Psychological Support during the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Experience of the Romagna Subregional Health Authority
Authors: Foglino Silvia , Taverna Camilla , Marini Anita , Paolucci Cristian , Panzini Ilaria , Novelli Barbara , Calzi Simona Lì , Alighieri Sara , Nanni Rachele Gertrude , Di Grazia Massimo
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

This study intends to identify the newly emerging needs of the population and to obtain a comprehensive picture of the persons’ psychological state and experience during the COVID emergency in order to inform an increasingly appropriate response.

Methods:

Psychological support was provided remotely, using a semi-structured and stepped protocol, including, first, the collection of the demographic and personal data, second, a semi-structured interview with regard to the COVID-19 impact on their individual or family life and the related psychological distress, third, the General Health Questionnaire-12 items (GHQ-12), and finally, the selected psychological interventions provided by the psychologist. The sample consisted of 652 persons.

Results:

Based on the 652 surveys collected, we could learn that the most frequent themes identified as the source of stress and distress were isolation and loneliness, grief, anger, feeling of guilt, and stigma. Of the total 474 who fulfilled GHQ, the score of 15 persons (3.16%) was ≤3 (cutoff), implying psychological well-being, while the score of 459 people was higher than 3, revealing the presence of psychological distress.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests some priority actions recommended to the decision-makers: to design interventions informed by a rapid needs assessment to monitor and to mitigate the psychological and social impact of the pandemic, to address the distress of the general population and to prevent the development or the worsening of psychological conditions, and to strengthen the cross-sectorial collaboration among health social and education services.
Assessing the knowledge of medical undergraduates on oral anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Sarkar Chayna , Wahlang Julie B. , Syiem Reuben P. , Langstieh Arky J. , Das Biswadeep , Surong Melam
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Oral anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin, are widely used for preventing and treating vascular and thromboembolic disease in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, venous thrombosis, and coronary heart disease. As oral anticoagulant therapy has such a narrow therapeutic range, complications in administering these drugs can prove to have a detrimental effect on patients such as life-threatening bleeding might occur. It is therefore necessary to have an adequate knowledge about its actions and its interactions with other dietary factors or any other medication involved. This study was therefore formulated in order to evaluate the knowledge as well as to impart proper awareness to the medical undergraduate students about oral anticoagulation therapy such as to prevent any untoward situation that may arise from the process.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was used to assess the knowledge on oral anticoagulant therapy among the medical undergraduates of a tertiary care hospital. A pre-validated structured questionnaire consisting of 28 questions was adopted, and a separate questionnaire was used for each student. Timing of answering the questionnaire was set at 30 minutes. Scores were evaluated such as a correct answer was given a score of one and wrong answer awarded as zero. Adequate knowledge sore was set above 70% and inadequate knowledge at less than 40%.

Results:

The response rate was found out to be 67.33% with gender distribution observed to be 71% females and 29% males. From the answers evaluated, overall average score of 67.3 ± 15.9 was obtained indicating that most of the respondents have adequate knowledge about the different mechanism, drug–drug interactions, drug–food interactions, and side effects of anticoagulant therapy, and 100% of the students are well aware about the complications and procedures involved to dissipate information about warfarin therapy.

Conclusions:

Adequate exposure of students to clinical cases will further help them to focus on the importance of anticoagulation and strengthening their knowledge regarding anticoagulant drug therapy. This will influence the process of physician–patient communication for improving anticoagulation outcome.
Hypertension-related distress and its associated factors: findings from an urban primary health centre of South Delhi, India
Authors: Alwani Anam A. , Singh Udita , Sankhyan Sujata , Chandra Ankit , Rai Sanjay K. , Nongkynrih Baridalyne
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Living with hypertension (HTN) has been found to cause distress, which adversely affects one’s self-care and may lead to elevated blood pressure. There is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of HTN-related distress. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of HTN-related distress among adults with HTN attending an outpatient department in an urban primary health centre and to determine the factors associated with distress.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient department of an urban primary health centre in Delhi, India. The enrolled participants were administered a questionnaire, which included a Distress Scale for patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension (DSDH17 M) (to assess for HTN-related distress) and Health-Related Quality of Life, Healthy Days Measure. A descriptive analysis was performed. Factors associated with HTN-related distress were tested using logistic regression.

Results:

One hundred forty-one participants were enrolled in this study. Most were women (73.76%) with a mean age of 60.15 years (standard deviation [SD]: 0.78). The prevalence of HTN-related distress (average DSDH17 M score ≥3) was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.30–21.03). Patients with HTN-related distress had significantly poor health and reported a greater number of days where they were physically or mentally unhealthy. Patients with uncontrolled blood pressure had six times the odds (95% CI: 1.69–21.77, P value = 0.006) of HTN-related distress compared to those with controlled blood pressure.

Conclusions:

Hypertension-related distress was present in 14% of adults with HTN. Patients with uncontrolled blood pressure had six times the odds of HTN-related distress.
Role of information sources in carrying government reproductive health scheme to tribal women in India: A case study among women belonging to Koraga community
Authors: Lakshmikantha Nandini , Javali Shivalingappa B.
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:

To improve the health status of its people irrespective of their socio and economic status, the government will design various schemes. In taking the government schemes effectively to the target group, the role of information sources is crucial. For the study purpose, Koraga community residing in and around Udupi—a district of Karnataka State, which has earned a name not only for its mythological significance but also for its culture of having their women empowered is considered. In the present study, role of information sources in taking the Janani Shishu Kalyan Yojana planned towards improving the pre- and post-natal health of women to reduce maternal death is considered. The results of the study enable us to understand the preference and dependency of the target group on various sources regarding the information received. Since the government-proposed health schemes should reach the target group to bring in a better health index which is one of the SDGs set for 2030, this study gains importance.

Aims:

The study intends to examine the role of information sources in educating the women, particularly those belonging to Koraga community, who fall under the particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTG) category among the tribals of India about the government schemes earmarked for safe motherhood.

Settings and Design:

It was conducted in the colonies designated for Koraga community near Udupi of Karnataka using a questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

Based on the results obtained from the pilot study, a final questionnaire was prepared and was personally demonstrated among Koraga women during the month of January 2020. Data were collected from 117 women belonging to Koraga community. SPSS version 17.0 software, Microsoft Word and Excel were used in data handling and analysis.

Results:

The results obtained out of the study reveal that among the sources, the respondents consider doctors as dependable sources followed by ASHA/Anganwadi workers. The target group is not aware of the nomenclature of the scheme nor the benefits to expect, but they are receiving medical support during their pre- and post-natal period.

Conclusion:

The governments may initiate schemes for the benefit of the public, but the schemes will become successful only when the desired information reaches the target group. The study intended to examine the role of information sources in educating the women particularly those belonging to Koraga community and found that the dependency of the target group on various sources of information regarding government projects is evident and should be further strengthened.
Public awareness of side effects of systemic steroids in Asir region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhammadi Nouf Ahmed , Mohammed Al Oudhah Saud Mushabbab , Mofareh Asiri Mofareh Ahmed , Alshehri Mohammed Abdullah , Almutairi Bassam Ahmed B. , Mohammed Abdullah Thalibah Abdullah , Asiri Fahad Nasser Mohammed , Alshahrani Abdullah Saad Aldarani
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Corticosteroids have been used since the 50s and it represent the most important and frequently used class of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of several diseases such as numerous neoplastic, asthma, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatological disorders. This study aims to determine the public awareness of side effects of systemic steroids in Asir region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional web-based study was used. An online questionnaire was developed by the study researchers based on the literature review and consultations of the field experts. The questionnaire included the following components: Participants demographic data, medical history, and steroids use. Also, it covered participants awareness regarding systemic steroids and side effects.

Results:

A total of 439 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years with mean age of 26.1 ± 13.9 years old, of those, 227 (51.7%) respondents were males. Around 346 (78.8%) had poor overall awareness level while only 93 (21.2%) had good awareness regarding systematic steroids. The study also showed that awareness was significantly higher among young aged participants in the health care field and among those who previously used steroids. Two hundred and eighty two (64.2%) of the respondents reported previous use of steroids.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the current study showed that nearly one out of each five people know about systemic steroids and related side effects which is below the satisfactory level. Higher awareness was observed with regards drug associated side effects and long-term use consequences.
Association of pruritus with sleep in patients with psoriasis and chronic spontaneous urticaria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shukla Prakriti , Verma Parul , Tripathi Srishti , Dwivedi Alok K. , Shukla Mukesh , Suvirya Swastika
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pruritus is a frequent complaint associated with various inflammatory dermatoses. Sleep is often disturbed because of pruritus but the impact of severity and diurnal pattern of pruritus has not been studied so far.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of nocturnal itch (NI) and its association with itch severity, sleep disturbance and quality of life (QoL) compared with non-NI in chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP) and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Methods:

We performed a cross-sectional study in patients aged ≥18 years with CPP or CSU for at least 6 weeks. A comprehensive in-house questionnaire designed for study formed the basis for categorizing patients into NI and non-NI. Validated instruments like visual analog scale, pruritus grading system, General Sleep Disturbance Scale, and Dermatology life quality index were used to assess itch severity, sleep, and QoL.

Results:

A total of 255 patients (CPP: 131; CSU: 124) were included in this study. Prevalence of NI was 43.5% (95% confidence interval: 34.9%-52.4%) in CPP and 29% (95% confidence interval: 21.2%-37.9%) in CSU. NI was strongly associated with higher pruritus grading system scores in CSU and CPP (regression coefficient = 1.5, P =0.004 and regression coefficient = 1.3, P =0.004, respectively), with impaired sleep (OR = 2.97, P = 0.025) in CPP and with itch-affected sleep in CSU. Itch severity was associated with impaired sleep; however, the association was modified by the presence of NI in CSU patients.

Conclusion:

Nocturnal itch is prevalent in chronic dermatoses and significant for sleep deficit and impaired QoL. Early screening and management of sleep disturbance among patients presenting with nocturnal itch should be routinely undertaken.
Stop antibiotic resistance – A roller coaster ride through “antibiotic stewardship,” “prescription auditing” and “AWaRe” assessment tool
Authors: Palanisamy Priyadharsini R.
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The emergence of superbugs and highly resistant organisms like methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae demands the monitoring of antibiotic prescription and usage in various domains. The impact of antibiotic resistance is huge that it increases mortality, morbidity, and economic costs. The issue has to be addressed at various levels and that is why regulatory bodies implement antibiotic stewardship programs. These programs give a list of guidelines like infection control, tracking antibiotic use, prescription auditing, and involvement of health professionals like pharmacists, nurses, etc., A comparison of the list of guidelines given by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Indian Council of Medical Research gives an idea about the measures to be taken at various levels to reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance. Prescription auditing is one of the major components of antibiotic stewardship. The auditing can be done either prospectively or retrospectively using WHO core prescribing indicators and antibiotic-specific indicators. An AWaRe assessment tool was also used to evaluate antibiotic consumption in countries and hospitals. The antibiotics are classified into access, watch and reserve categories. The aim of implementing the AWaRe tool is to increase the rational use of access antibiotic and reduce the consumption of watch and reserve antibiotics. This review focuses on the importance of prescription auditing, AWaRe tool and antibiotic stewardship in decreasing the threat of antibiotic resistance.
Key findings from NFHS-5 India report: Observing trends of health indicators between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5
Authors: Tripathi Saparya , Pathak Vineet K. , Lahariya Chandrakant
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The National Health Family Survey (NFHS) is one of the largest cross-sectional surveys in the world and plays a very important role in seeing the health sector’s growth in India. Its comprehensiveness in data points serves as a baseline for policymakers to amend or continue the health policy at the national and state levels. It is also imperative to look up the survey’s major findings and compare the same with the previous survey finding to obtain a trend (positive/negative) of the placed data indicators. In writing this information, we aim to provide a researched paper to undergraduates and postgraduates in medical education to identify the trends or gap pockets in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5. These findings might help them as an educational piece of work and further research evidence in their local community. Also, the present work is the compilation of demographic characteristics and major health indicators.
Primary paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma – An unusual presentation
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Anandani Garima , Parmar Riddhi
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a very rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor. It is usually seen in children and adolescents presenting as a painless intrascrotal mass, localized in the paratesticular region. Hereby, we report two cases of paratesticular embryonal RMS in adults. One case was clinically suspected to be a testicular abscess, whereas the other presented with testicular swelling and lung metastasis. Localized forms have a good prognosis, whereas tumors presenting with metastases show a poor outcome. A treatment based on surgery and chemotherapy yields good results. Sperm cryopreservation and endocrine follow-up improve the overall survival and quality of life of these patients.
Treatment trends of benign bone lesions in a suburban New York healthcare system
Authors: Muran Andrew , Fallon John , Jung Byeongho , Dzaugis Peter , Zhang Aaron , Fitzgerald Michael , Goodman Howard J. , Kenan Samuel , Kenan Shachar
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The management of benign bone lesions is controversial as it is dependent on a multitude of factors such as age, anatomic location, comorbidities, lesion metabolic activity, surgeon preferences, and goals of care, among others. Thus far, many studies have attempted to report on these lesions; however, most are heterogeneous compilations of benign and malignant lesions with nearly all failing to report patient treatment and none of which have originated from a suburban area of the United States. The goal of this study was to establish a modern database dedicated solely to benign bone tumors to reflect current diagnosis and treatment trends in suburban New York.

Materials and Methods:

This was a multicenter retrospective observational study with inclusion criteria limited to benign bone lesions of all ages. Malignant lesions were excluded. Patients were drawn from both primary care provider and surgeon records, with documentation of their associated management.

Results:

A total of 689 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall operative rate for this cohort was 71.6%. In agreement with current literature, aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumors, and osteochondromas underwent surgery more frequently than enchondromas; older patients underwent surgery less frequently; benign bone lesions were more commonly found in younger males, and the distal femur and proximal tibia were the most common locations for lesions (P < .05 for all findings).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the management of a globally representative variety of benign bone lesions in a diverse suburban population of New York and should facilitate future research on how lesion type, location, management, and other factors relate to patient outcomes.
Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of the biliary samples and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at a teaching hospital in Northern India
Authors: Kar Mitra , Dubey Akanksha , Singh Romya , Sahu Chinmoy , Patel Sangram Singh , Tiwari Ankita
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Bile is deemed a sterile fluid, with the presence of clinical conditions like cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, previous biliary interventions, biliary strictures, and so on, leading to bile stasis, and increases the chances of bacteriobilia. In this study, we recognize the bacterial spectrum of microorganisms isolated from bile samples, diagnostic parameters, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

Methods:

A retrospective observational study was carried out by compiling data from the hospital information system of a tertiary care center from 2021 to 2022 to evaluate biliary infections in patients who underwent surgical procedures related to the biliary tract and associated organs.

Results:

A total of 234 patients’ bile samples were included in our study. The mean age of patients was 48.04 ± 14.74 years, with more patients below the age of 65 years among those with infected bile samples. One hundred and sixty-three (163/234, 69.66%) patients infected by 209 pathogenic microorganisms were recognized. The most common microorganism isolated was Escherichia coli (83/209, 39.71%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37/209, 17.7%). Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate owed to more than 90% penicillin, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, carbapenem, and fluoroquinolone resistance among all isolates. Length of hospital stay, malignant obstruction, and chronic kidney disease were identified as statistically significant risk factors that lead to the isolation of multi-drug-resistant isolates from bile culture.

Conclusion:

We recognized the spectrum of pathogens causing biliary tract infections at our center along with the antibiotic resistance pattern to guide and facilitate prompt and appropriate treatment by primary health care professionals and family medicine practitioners.
The rationale and guiding principles to design a psychiatric curriculum for primary care nurses of India
Authors: Ohri Uma , Paul James , Vijayalakshmi Poreddi , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Math Suresh Bada
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:

The National Mental Health Survey reports a huge treatment gap for all mental disorders. There is an acute shortage of mental health professionals in India. Hence, there is a dire need to support task-shift interventions by nurses in providing non-pharmacological interventions for persons suffering from mental health issues. The traditional psychiatric nursing curriculum emphasizes nurses’ knowledge and skills rather than their competency in providing mental health care. We designed an innovative, digitally driven, modular-based primary care psychiatry program for nurses (PCPP-N) to incorporate mental health with physical health and emphasize redesigning nursing practice. In this paper, we discuss the rationale and guiding principles behind designing the curriculum of PCPP-N.

Discussion:

The PCPP-N program is based on nine guiding principles to provide skill-based, pragmatic, and feasible modules of a higher collaborative care quotient (CCQ) and translational quotient (TQ) that are essential for upskilling primary care nurses. In this program, nurses are trained through telemedicine-based ‘on-consultation training’ augmented with collaborative video consultations. A tele-psychiatrist/tele-psychiatric nurse will demonstrate how to screen, identify, and plan treatment for patients with psychiatric disorders from patients coming for general medical care using the manual Clinical Schedules of Primary care psychiatry Nursing (CSP-N). The CSP-N manual includes a screener, simplified diagnosing guidelines relevant for nurses and primary care settings, nursing management, pharmacological management, and related side effects, counseling, and follow-up guidelines. This program helps the nurses in identifying the most commonly prevalent adult psychiatric disorders presenting to primary care.

Conclusion:

This PCPN curriculum contains pragmatic modules with higher CCQ and TQ. This curriculum is dynamic as the learning is interactive. Upskilling primary care nurses in integrating mental health with physical health may reduce the mental health burden. Further, the policymakers and administrators plan to integrate mental health along with physical health in national health programs.
Effectiveness of lukewarm water compress on reduction of breast pain and breast engorgement among post-cesarean section mothers
Authors: Chauhan Soni , Nutan Kumari , Agrawal Monica , Tiwari Surya Kant
Published: September 2023

Objective:

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of lukewarm water compress on breast pain and breast engorgement among post-cesarean primiparous mothers.

Materials and Methods:

This quasi-experimental posttest-only design was conducted with 60 post-cesarean section primiparous mothers between October 2018 and January 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to allocate 30 participants to both experimental and control groups. The experimental group received lukewarm water compress using a sponge cloth for 20 min twice a day on the second, third, and fourth postnatal days. The control group received routine hospital care. Breast pain and engorgement were assessed using the Visual Analog Pain Scale and Breast Engorgement Assessment Scale on the third, fourth, and fifth postnatal days.

Results:

Significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups on day 1 and day 3 in terms of breast pain and engorgement scores among post-cesarean section mothers (P < 0.001). In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between sociodemographic and breastfeeding parameters and breast pain and engorgement (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Lukewarm water compress is effective in reducing breast pain and engorgement in post-cesarean primiparous mothers. Future research can include randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of different therapies in treating breast pain and engorgement.
Level of stress among nurses and their adopted coping strategies
Authors: Jamir Alijungla , Piku Angouziia Lily , Zhimomi Boli Vihoyi , Koyu Christie , Chorei Diana , Lyngdoh Deimaia Emi , Ao Bendangmenla
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

This study was aimed at identifying the nurse’s level of stress and the coping mechanism adopted by them.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study was done to assess the level of stress and the coping strategies adopted by the nurses in a secondary hospital in North East India, Nagaland. A total enumerative sampling technique was used to select 94 samples for the study. The Nursing stress scale (NSS) by Gray-Toft and Anderson 1981 was used to assess stress, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was used.

Results:

Of 94 samples, 68 (72.34%) had a mild level of stress, 25 (26.59%) had a moderate level of stress, and only 1 (0.06%) had a severe level of stress. Thirty-one (32.97%) used minimal coping strategies, and 63 (67.02%) used moderate coping strategies. There was no significant association between the stress level and selected demographic variables such as age, marital status, and years of experience (all P > 0.05). A significant association was found between the stresses of nurses and qualification of nurses (χ2 = 4.10, P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

The study reveals that most nurses had mild levels of stress. Most nurses use moderate coping strategies to relieve their stressors at work. Thus, there is a need to emphasize the importance of using effective coping strategies for nurses to alleviate their stresses and anxiety in their workplace and even in their personal lives.