bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overview of Conduct Disorder
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Williams II Mark , Carlson Carl Michael , Yeh Chia Jung
Published: March 2021

Research studies show that conduct disorder is a disruptive behavior disorder that might cause children to experience some challenges within their personal and social life. Very often children with this disorder might be feeling failure at school and exclusion from their peers and others. It might also affect their home, social, and school environments. These students with this disorder might present management and therapeutic challenges for counselors, psychologists, and mental health professionals. This chapter aims to provide an overview of conduct disorder, which might help school rehabilitation professionals and educators understand what risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options can better understand this disorder, preventions, and interventions. This chapter will cursorily explore these realms with an overview of this disorder and offer some implementations and recommendations for school rehabilitation professionals.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Seize Mariana de Miranda , Borsa Juliane Callegaro
Published: March 2021

Screening for early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (before 36 months of age) allows an early diagnosis and early intervention programs that provide better developmental opportunities for the child. The objective of this chapter is to increase the knowledge about early signs of ASD enabling their early detection. The method used was a literature review of the early warning signs of autism spectrum disorder in children between 24 and 36 months of age in the domains that characterize this disorder.
Long Run and Short Run Linkages Between Credit and Output
Authors: Das Ramesh Chandra , Ghosh Bankim
Published: March 2021

An appropriate link between the financial sector and real sector is required to have a balanced growth and development of a country as well as its regional levels particularly for the countries whose financial developments are not being saturated. In the present study, the authors have examined whether there are long run equilibrium relation between financial development (proxied by commercial bank credit) and real sector's development (proxied by net district domestic products) and short run causations for the districts of the state of West Bengal in India for the period 1993-2014. Applying the Engel-Granger cointegration and Granger causality approaches, the study reveals that there are cointegrating relations between credit and domestic products of the 13 districts out of which errors are corrected for 10 districts. Further, there are unilateral causal relations between the variables in nine districts with 11 producing no such causal relations. The study thus prescribes for strengthening the two sectors' developments so that there can be appropriate linkages between credit and output across the district levels in the longer runs.
FoodCalorie: A Mobile Game to Learn Daily Calorie Intake Standard
Authors: Das Anik , Amin Sumaiya , Kabir Muhammad Ashad , Hossain Sabir , Islam Mohammad Mainul Mainul
Published: March 2021

Mobile games can contribute to learning at greater success. In this paper, the authors have developed and evaluated a novel educational game, named FoodCalorie, to learn food calorie intake standard. The game is aimed to learn calorie values of various traditional foods of Bangladesh and the calorie intake standard that varies with age and gender. They are the first in this field to perform an empirical study on women in Bangladesh to see how game-based learning can contribute to learn food calories. They further analyze and report the impact of participants' age, professions, and smartphone proficiency levels on their learning experience and progression. The study also conforms the finding of existing studies that game-based learning can enhance the learning experience.
A Literature Review on MOOCs Integrated With Learning Analytics
Authors: Yu Zhonggen
Published: March 2021

Although there have been numerous studies committed to MOOCs integrated with learning analytics, fewer of them have systematically reviewed the related literature. Using clustering techniques, bibliographic network visualization, content analysis, and STARLITE method, this study systematically reviews the literature in terms of learning analytics models, platforms of MOOCs, effect of learning analytics, effect of engagement, self-regulation, motivation, and online interactions, as well as other influencing factors of the effectiveness of MOOCs integrated with learning analytics. It provides constructive suggestions for designers, researchers, learners, and instructors of MOOCs so as to lower down learner dropout rates, increase completion rates, enhance learner engagement, and better learning outcomes. Future research into MOOCs could focus on the improvements on learning analytics because learning analytics could exert an essential influence on the effectiveness of MOOCs.
30 Years of Translational Mobility Medicine: November 19th to 21st, 2020 Padua Muscle Days go virtual from Euganean Hills
Authors: Carraro Ugo
Published: March 2021

In the autumn of 2019, the 2020 Padua Muscle Days (PMDs) were planned to be held from March 18 to March 21, 2020. The program listed Scientific Sessions to occur over three full days at either Padova University or the Hotel Augustus on Euganei Hills (Padova), Italy. Abruptly, however, in early January the Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak started in China and changed the world perspectives. In Italy, the epidemia had the first Italian cases and victims in an area south of Milan and in a Village of the Euganei Hills (Vo Euganeo, Padova). Thus, it was a mandatory decision to post-pone the PMDs meeting to 19-21 November, 2020. Luckily, almost all chairs, speakers, and attendees accepted the decision and have assured their presence in late November by long-distance communications. Thus, the Collection of Abstracts were e-published in 30 (1) 2020 Issue of the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) together with the many EJTM Communications submitted by speakers and attendees of the 2020 PMDs Here we add a few new entries and the detailed Program of the 2020 Virtual PMDs to be organized November 19-21, 2020 from the Hotel Petrarca of Euganei Hills (Padova), Italy. The Program of the 2020 Virtual PMDs ends with invitation by Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni and myself to the 2021 (Virtual) Padua Muscle Days, March 25-27, Euganei Hills (Padova), Italy.
Maximising training evaluation for employee performance improvement
Authors: Mehale Kaledi D. , Govender Cookie M. , Mabaso Calvin M.
Published: March 2021

Orientation: Employee performance is a vital aspect within organisations in South Africa (SA). It is argued that poor performance can be addressed through training and development. Performances should be evaluated before and after training interventions to ensure that training was beneficial to the employees.Research purpose: The study intended to establish whether training evaluation conducted after training in the SA financial sector measures employee performance improvement.Motivation for the study: Most businesses invest in training and development interventions anticipating that employees will use what they have learned to improve their performance. There is limited recent empirical research on SA financial sector training evaluation tools, especially those that indicate employee performance improvement after training.Main findings and discussion: The findings of this study indicate the following: SA financial organisations frequently use levels 1–3 (satisfaction; learning; application) of the Kirkpatrick-Phillips training evaluation tool; continuous employee performance improvement needs to be assessed more regularly, especially after training; and levels 4–5 (results; ROI) of the Kirkpatrick-Phillips evaluation model are seldom measured due to a lack of skills, motivation, and resources.Implications and contribution: There are significant implications for Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals and managers within the SA financial sector. Since there is a positive significant association with training evaluation and employee performance, relevant stakeholders must be aware that the purpose of training must be to improve and measure employee performance. This paper contributes theoretically to HRD management practices, training evaluations, and performance improvement. The practical contribution is the proposed Training Evaluation Framework for Performance Improvement for stakeholders to use to ensure that HRD evaluations measures performance improvement.
Flexible bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sindhwani Girish , Mishra Mayank , Gangakhedkar Mihir Raman , Madan Karan , Dua Ruchi , Sharma Prakhar , Saini Lokesh Kumar
Published: March 2021

Bronchoscopy is an extremely useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that finds an invaluable place in Pulmonology practice. Due to aerosol generation, bronchoscopy carries a high risk of infection transmission to health care workers and other patients. This fact is even more important in the present times of COVID-19 pandemic owing to its droplet- (and possibly aerosol-) mediated spread. With this background, a working group extracted literature through electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. All relevant documents were comprehensively reviewed and consensus recommendations formulated based on the level of available evidence. Where evidence was insufficient, Usual Practice Points were formulated based on expert opinion. This resultant document attempts to present clinical recommendations for performing flexible bronchoscopy in COVID-19 suspect/confirmed patients. It outlines important general considerations for bronchoscopy in these cases, provides an algorithmic approach to patient selection for bronchoscopy during these extraordinary times, and enlists critical do's and don'ts that should be followed before, during, and after the procedure. To conclude, flexible bronchoscopy must be cautiously performed amid the COVID-19 crisis. Judicious case selection and meticulous contact and airborne precautions are important to minimise infection transmission.
آراء‌ ‌القاضي‌ ‌منذر‌ ‌بن‌ ‌سعيد‌ ‌البلوطي‌ ‌في‌ ‌التفسير‌ ‌عرض‌ ‌ونقد‌
Authors: د. يوسف زيدان مزيد السلمي د. يوسف زيدان مزيد السلمي
Published: March 2021

العنوان: (آراء القاضي منذر بن سعيد البلوطي في التفسير عرض ونقد). هدف البحث : جمع آراء القاضي منذر بن سعيد البلوطي في التفسير، ونقدها وبيان وجه صحتها منهج البحث: اقتضت طبيعة البحث أن يكون المنهج المتبع في دراسته كالآتي : 1ـ المنهج الاستقرائي ، 2ـ والمنهج التحليلي النقدي وأهم نتائج البحث ما يلي: 1ــ ظهر جليًّا تميز القاضي منذر بن سعيد البلوطي في بعض آراءه في التفسير. 2ـ ظهر أثره جليا ً على من بعده من أئمة التفسير الذين نقلوا آراءه واحتفلوا بها 3 ـــــ أن آراء البلوطي التي تمت دراستها ( 39) قولاً ورأياً . 4ــــ أن آراء البلوطي التي تم نقدها في البحث وبيان خطئها بلغت (17) . 5ـــــ أن آراء البلوطي التي تم إثبات صحتها بلغت (22) قولاً ورأياً. 6ـــ من المآخذ على البلوطي تبنيه لبعض أفكار المعتزلة مثل القول بأن النار لم تخلق الآن . 7ــــ من المآخذ على البلوطي احتجاجه بآراء الظاهرية . 8ــ من المآخذ على البلوطي منعه المجاز في القرآن وتصنيفه رسالة في ذلك .
أثر الصراع على السلطة في سقوط مملكة إسرائيل في شمال فلسطين
Authors: د. مروان بن غازي صالح شعيب د. مروان بن غازي صالح شعيب
Published: March 2021

البحث يناقش جزء من تاريخ بني إسرائيل بعد وفاة سليمان، عليه السلام، وأسباب انقسام دولتهم الموحدة في فلسطين إلى مملكة إسرائيل في الشمال، ومملكة يهوذا في الجنوب. كما ناقشت الدراسة تاريخ ملوك مملكة إسرائيل والصراع على السلطة الأمر الذي أضعف الدولة وكان سبباً رئيسياً في زولها. كما ناقش البحث أصل أسرة عمري، والتي قد تعود إلى أصول عربية، مما يعني أن العرب وصلوا إلى سدة الحكم في مملكة إسرائيل عن طريق الجيش الذي كان يحوي جنود مرتزقة من مختلف الاعراق. كما ناقش البحث خطر الدولة الاشورية ورغبتها في التوسع الامر الذي أدى الي سقوط مملكة إسرائيل. اضافة الي دور مملكة يهوذا في إضعاف مملكة إسرائيل والتآمر عليها إلى أن سقطت. وبزوال مملكة إسرائيل في الشمال أصبح موقف مملكة يهوذا في الجنوب ضعيف، وباتت فريسة سهلة لأعدائها. ونتيجة لهذه الصرعات ودخول الغزاة أرض فلسطين اختلطت دماء بني إسرائيل بالمجتمعات الأخرى وتفرقوا بين الشعوب.
OSH in the future: where next?
Authors: Cockburn William
Published: March 2021

Since 2002 when the Community Strategy on Health and Safety at Work called on the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work to set up a Risk Observatory, EU-OSHA has worked to address the challenges presented by the changing world of work. As our society evolves under the influence of new technology and shifting economic and social conditions, our workplaces, work practices and processes are constantly changing. These new situations bring with them new risks and challenges for workers and employers, which in turn demand political, administrative and technical approaches that ensure high levels of safety and health at work. Changes that are underway due to digitalisation, for example, affect not only the tasks that make up jobs, but also the nature of work in terms of how it is organised and how it is managed and supervised. Digitalisation also provides important opportunities, whether through the automation of dangerous or monotonous tasks or facilitating the work of the labour inspectorate. Europe benefits from a comprehensive body of OSH regulations, but if the OSH challenges posed by the new world of work are to be managed and the opportunities realised, it is essential that social dialogue be at the centre of regulation, support and guidance, enforcement and monitoring.
Políticas e desafios do ensino básico no sistema nacional de educação moçambicana
Authors: Chicava Augusto Kessai Agostinho , Machama Odilia Alberto Cumbi
Published: March 2021

O objetivo principal do estudo é refletir em torno de politicas e desafios do ensino básico no sistema nacional de educação Moçambicana, no período pós-independência, a partir das transformações socioeconómicas e políticas. O estudo adota uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir legislação educacional moçambicana. E, conclui-se que as politicas do ensino básico ainda está preocupado em oferecer o ensino de qualidade, mas os desafios como a insuficiência no provimento de professores; inadaptação dos currículos às atuais necessidades do mercado de trabalho, e orçamentos insuficientes, de desistência de alunos nas escolas constitui um calcanhar de aquiles.
PESQUISA COM CRIANÇAS SOBRE LEITURA E JOGOS DIGITAIS: INSTRUMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS NO PROCESSO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Boeira Adriana Ferreira , Ramos Flávia Brocchetto , Valentini Carla Beatris
Published: March 2021

Este texto tem o objetivo de abordar instrumentos metodológicosexplorados no processo de construção de dados em pesquisa empírica,de caráter qualitativo, que investigou estratégias de leitura aplicadas porcrianças. Os interlocutores usam o site Click Jogos e são estudantes do5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em escola particular situada nomunicípio de Vacaria-RS. Esse site foi selecionado a partir da aplicaçãodo questionário online, levando em consideração o interesse dosparticipantes. Assim, apoiando-se na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin(1979, 2004), o corpus foi constituído pelos enunciados analisados apartir de duas fontes: um questionário online e protocolos verbais(ERICSSON; SIMON, 1993) de áudio e vídeo. Individualmente, osparticipantes relataram as ações executadas, enquanto liam e interagiamcom jogos do seu interesse, disponíveis no site definido para ainvestigação. Os dados foram organizados, codificados e categorizados,a fim de produzir inferências sobre os percursos realizados pelos sujeitosdurante o jogo e a leitura na tela. Os resultados indicam a importânciados protocolos verbais como instrumento para construção de dados deinvestigação, pois possibilitam a construção de corpus, composto deenunciados verbais, visuais (estáticos ou em movimento), sonoros ehíbridos.
EFFECT OF AYURVEDIC TREATMENT ON DIMINISHING OVARIAN RESERVE – A PROJECT REPORT
Authors: N. Vijayakumar , Sreedhar Asha , Balakrishnan Maya , Raj Shiny S. , Sreenath. J Divya
Published: March 2021

Infertility is defined as the inability of a sexually active non contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in a year. Infertility is alarmingly increasing world-wide. WHO estimates the incidence of primary infertility in India to be 3.9-16.8%. One of the leading causes of female infertility is Diminishing Ovarian Reserve (DOR). Nowadays 10-30% of female infertility is due to DOR. It is a complex phenomenon in which ovary loses its normal reproductive potential compromising fertility in which there is reduction in the number of oocytes. DOR subjects are often at a risk for poor success outcome of conception even with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) In Ayurveda the most appropriate correlation of DOR can be done with DathukshayaVandya explained in Haritha samhita. It is due to depletion of Dhatus or due to inadequate formation of Dhatus, especially Arthava and Sukradhathu leading to Anapathyatha (infertility). Objectives and Methods: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Āyurvedic treatment protocol on Diminishing Ovarian Reserve. The study was a single group interventional study with a sample size of 60 patients. Females who were diagnosed with DOR in the age group of 20-35 years attending the OPD of Govt. Ayurveda college hospital for Women and children, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram were selected for study. Their data was collected using case proforma and investigations including AMH, AFC (Antral follicular count) was done on the 2nd and 3rd day of menstrual cycle before and after treatment. Result & Conclusion The Āyurvedic treatment protocol was found to be effective in managing diminishing ovarian reserve by effectively increasing the AMH and AFC values. It is also observed that 26% of subjects achieved pregnancy naturally even though most of the subjects were advised to do IVF with donor egg.

Keywords: DOR, Dhathukshaya vandhya, AMH, AFC, sukumāra ghritam
STANDARD OPERATIVE PROCEDURE FOR FRORMULATION OF MORINDA CIT-RIFOLIA L. GRANULES
Authors: R Aithal Krithika , Shenoy H Sumanth , Padyanna Subrahmanya
Published: March 2021

The science of life is the basic meaning of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. Standardization of Ayurvedic drugs at various levels starting from the selection and collection of raw materials till the final product. It is essential to produce a safe and efficacious formulation for the needy patients. Preparation of granules is one of modified form of Ghana (solid preparation of herbal extract) and Khanda Kalpana (Solid preparation simi-lar to granules). Present study has elaborated formulation of noni granules with analytical studies conduct-ed as mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopia of India. Noni is the common name of the drug Morinda citri-folia L. and is also called as Indian mulberry. It has been used widely as a complementary and alternative therapy owing to its potent antioxidant property and proven health benefits. As every part of noni plant is useful, it is widely used as Antioxidant, Immunostimulant, Immunomodulant, Analgesic, Antiarthritic, An-tipyretic, Antirheumatic, Antitumours, Antispasmodic, Depurative, Diuretic, Antiemetic, Hypotensive, Fungiscide, Laxative, Litholytic, Sedative, Stomachic. The aim of the study is to form noni granules from noni fruit juice by adding adjuvants in order to improve its palatability and shelf life. The prepared gran-ules have shown good palatability and increased shelf life
Whose Story Is It? An Autoethnography Concerning Narrative Identity
Authors: Grant Alec , Zeeman Laetitia
Published: March 2021

This paper is divided into three parts, each separated by centrally spaced asterisks. The first part, co-written on the basis of the standpoint interests of both authors, outlines the historical, philosophical, theoretical and methodological contexts for the use of autoethnographic short stories in the social and human sciences. The functions and representational practices of this genre are reviewed and discussed, and the main criticisms leveled by its detractors responded to. This sets the scene for the second part of the paper, an autoethnographic short story. Effectively a story of stories, it was constructed directly from the first author’s memories of his early life in relation to textual material and was written exclusively by him. In part three, some of the significant issues raised in the story are discussed in relation to larger co-evolving social, cultural and therapeutic frameworks from a reflexive and narrative identity perspective. It is written as, and represents, an extended, unfinished dialogue between the first and second author.
A Duoethnography on Duoethnography: More than a Book Review
Authors: Latz Amanda , Murray Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Within this duoethnographic book review, we sought to carry out and compose our co-authored review of Norris, Sawyer, and Lund’s (2012) edited text by using the method put forward within its pages. What follows is a duoethnographic book review. Through the processes of jointly reading, note taking, conversing, sharing, and negotiating, we have created a dialogic, multi-vocal, and candid review of this compendium. Throughout our now-public dialogue, readers will gain an understanding of both the book and the method on which it is focused. Completing this review in the fashion we did, we hope, provides readers with the needed information and motivation to indulge in this text’s chapters in the way they see best suited for their purposes.
“The Road Not Taken” – Israeli Teachers’ Reactions to Top-Down Educational Reform
Authors: Reichman Roxana , Artzi Shlomit
Published: March 2021

The authors have investigated teachers’ reactions towards an imposed reform initiated by the Israeli Ministry of Education in collaboration with one of two teachers’ unions based on the messages and letters sent by high school teachers to an internet forum during a teachers’ strike which took place between October and December of 2007. This study is the result of collaborative work between a teacher educator and a veteran teacher studying towards her Master of Education degree in Learning and Instruction. The research question was: What were the teachers’ attitudes regarding the “New Horizon” reform as conveyed on an internet forum during the strike? The article focuses on the teachers’ opposition to the proposed reform. The authors explore the use of the internet for sustaining this strike while also discussing the methodological issues related to this type of analysis and relation to collaborative research. Recommendations are suggested for successful implementation of educational reforms.
The Journal Project and the I in Qualitative Research: Three Theoretical Lenses on Subjectivity and Self
Authors: Davidson Judith
Published: March 2021

From the beginnings of qualitative research in the late 19th century to today, researchers have struggled to make sense of the notion of self or subjectivity; in other words, the I in the research. We ask ourselves: Who is the researcher? How is their notion of self present during research? How is research a site for contested notions of self? Who is the I in qualitative research?
Work and Career Experiences of Men from Families without College Experience
Authors: Woodside Marianne , Gibbons Melinda , Davidson John , Hannon Christine , Sweeney Jeffrey
Published: March 2021

A dearth of research exists exploring the career and work development of adult men and the influence of family-of-origin on that development. In this qualitative study, the researchers used a phenomenological approach to examine the career and work experiences of men whose parents have no education beyond high school and the influences of family on these experiences. We describe five constituents: (a) what work is like; (b) preparation/education; (c) who or what influenced them; (d) how to act at work; and (e) challenges/opportunities/choices; and one essence: mottos from father, which articulate the meaning of the experience of work and career and the family influence on the experience. In conclusion, we provide implications for counselors working with adult men whose parents lack post-secondary education.
Strategies for Engaging Undergraduate Nursing Students in Reading and Using Qualitative Research
Authors: Spiers Judith , Paul Pauline , Jennings Diana , Weaver Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Teaching undergraduate nursing research courses can be challenging. There is substantial research explicating why this is so, but little has been written about strategies to enhance students’ ability to engage in and learn about research, especially in the context of large classes offered over brief periods of time. An important role for those who teach research is to communicate their experiential successes, as these may be of value to other colleagues in the field. In this paper, we share some creative teaching strategies. These strategies include games, cross word puzzles, and projects based on common multimedia data such as commercial advertisements. The activities are designed to help students use what they already know to learn the concepts and terminology used in the research world.
The Perceived Effect of Time on HIV/AIDS Identity Incorporation
Authors: Baumgartner Lisa
Published: March 2021

Individuals experience disease in a variety of contexts. In this study, I examined how the temporal context (e.g., historical time, social time, chronological age and the passage of time) affected the incorporation of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. I used semi structured interviews to collect data from 36 individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Historical time did little to influence the initial reaction to the diagnosis. Chronological age shaped the initial reaction to the diagnosis for some participants. Social time affected immersion in the HIV/AIDS community and the passage of time influenced the integration of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self. The findings add depth to extant studies on the incorporation of the HIV/AIDS identity into the self.
An Appreciative Inquiry into an Urban Drug Court: Cultural Transformation
Authors: Calabrese Raymond , Cohen Erik
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to use an appreciative inquiry (AI) theoretical research perspective and change methodology to transform the working relationships and cultural expectations of members through the discovery of their positive core leading to an optimistic and confidence - based future for an urban drug court. This study describes how participants through their participation in the first two stages of an AI 4 - D cycle (Discovery and Dream) transformed their working relationships and organizational culture. Participants included an urban drug court magistrate, manager, and purposively selected staff [15 participants]. The urban drug court is designed as a last chance opportunity for substance abusers. As a result of participation in the appreciative inquiry process, participants (a) discovered a resiliency and willingness to overcome challenges, (b) reaffirmed a sense of purpose in their work and (c), discovered a positive core of successful experience. Our study demonstrates the creative possibilities when applying AI to groups mired in deficit thinking. In doing so, we advanced the research in AI, positive organizational psychology, and learned optimism.
The Reciprocal Complementary Wiener Number of Graph Operations
Authors: NASIRI R. , NAKHAEI A. , SHOJAEIFARD A. R.
Published: March 2021

The reciprocal complementary Wiener number of a connected graph G is deﬁned as ∑ {x,y}⊆V (G) 1
D+1-−-dG(x,y), where D is the diameter of G and dG(x,y) is the distance between vertices x and y. In this work, we study the reciprocal complementary Wiener number of various graph operations such as join, Cartesian product, composition, strong product, disjunction, symmetric diﬀerence, corona product, splice and link of graphs.
Efektivitas Anti-Ulcer Fukoidan Dari Rumput Laut Coklat Sargassum Polycystum
Authors: Asfianti Vivi , Sianipar Artha Yuliana
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek antiulkus isolat fukoidan dan  Sargassum polycystum terhadap tikus putih jantan. Sampel terdiri dari 45 ekor tikus jantan dibagi 9 kelompok yaitu normal, CMC-Na, sukralfat, fukoidan dan   25mg/kgbb, 50mg/kgbb dan 100mg/kgbb. Perlakuan diberi per oral selama 10 hari.  Pada hari ke-10, tikus dipuasakan selama 24 jam dan diberikan induksi etanol P.A. Kemudian tikus dikorbankan dan diambil lambung untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan makroskopik dan mikroskop. Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia Sargassum polycystum diperoleh kadar air 9,05%, susut pengeringan 8,74% dan rendemen hasil isolasi fukoidan dan  adalah 4,01% dan 6,4%. Hasil identifikasi fukoidan secara spektrofotometri FTIR menunjukkan bentuk spektrum dan kurva serapan identik dengan baku pembanding fukoidan. Persentase jumlah tukak masing-masing dosis fukoidan dan  yaitu, dosis 25mg/kgbb (1.04 dan 0,85), dosis 50mg/kgbb (0,84 dan 0,67), dosis 100mg/kgbb (0,21 dan 0,40). Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah isolat fukoidan dan  memiliki efek gastroprotektif terhadap lambung tikus putih dengan dosis optimum 100mg/kgbb.
Pengaruh Riwayat Keluarga Dan Riwayat Aborsi Terhadap Kejadian Kanker Payudara Di Rsup H.Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2020
Authors: Sigalingging Veni Theresia , Lubis Rahayu , Andayani Lita Sri
Published: March 2021

Dari data rekam medik RSUP H.Adam Malik Medan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kasus pasien kanker payudara meningkat dari tahun 2016 sebanyak 276 orang, tahun 2017 sebanyak 346 orang, tahun 2018 sebanyak 379 orang, tahun 2019 sebanyak 323 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh riwayat keluarga dan riwayat aborsi terhadap kejadian kanker payudara. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol dengan teknik matching. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 38 kasus dan 38 kontrol, pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Terdapat pengaruh riwayat keluarga OR=4,000 (95% CI; 0,607-26,357; p=0.150) dan riwayat aborsi OR=8,588 (95% CI; 1,853-36,620; p=0.006) terhadap kejadian kanker payudara di RSUP H.Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2020. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terutama yang memiliki keluarga yang terkena kanker payudara untuk lebih mendeteksi secara dini sehingga dapat mencegah kanker payudara ke arah stadium lanjut
Mirror Perception in Mice: Preference For and Stress Reduction by Mirrors
Authors: Watanabe Shigeru
Published: March 2021

I measured the amount of time mice spent in a compartment with either a mirror or an opaque screen and found that mice stayed longer in the compartment with the mirror. This finding suggests that mice prefer mirrors. They also showed a preference for the mirror over unfamiliar live mice but did not show a differential preference for the mirror over a familiar live mouse (cage mate). Restraint stress caused hyperthermia (known as stress-induced hyperthermia) in the mice. When cage mates received the restraint stress together, the hyperthermia was reduced. Placement of mirrors instead of the cage mates also showed stress-reducing effects, while restraint with unfamiliar mice did not reduce the hyperthermia. These results suggest that mirrors have familiar cage mate-like social effects in mice.
Performance on a Means-End Task by Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in a Positive Reinforcement-Based Protected-Contact Setting
Authors: Highfill Lauren E. , Spencer Jessica M. , Fad Otto , Arnold Ann Marie
Published: March 2021

The current study tested six Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) on a means-end behavioral task of pulling a support to retrieve a distant object; a systematic replication of the Irie-Sugimoto et al. (2008) study. The paradigm was somewhat modified from the original research to accommodate a protected contact setting, reduce the total number of trials, and one condition was excluded. Each elephant was tested on three conditions of increasing difficulty. Specifically, subjects were asked to select from a choice of two trays where one intact tray was baited with a highly-valued produce item and the other was A) empty; B) baited adjacent to the tray; and C) baited on the far side of a break in the tray. Results indicated that the elephants met or exceeded the criteria established for conditions A and B, but performed at chance levels on condition C. These data are contrasted with those of the original study where one elephant met criteria for all three conditions. We discuss potentially relevant variables affecting performance including differences in visual access to the trays, motivation levels, and training style.
Flexibility and Use of a Novel Tool in Asian Small-Clawed Otters (Aonyx cinerea)
Authors: Frick Erin E. , Friedman Leor , Peranteau Jessica , Beacham Kaitlyn , Kuczaj II Stan A.
Published: March 2021

Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea) demonstrate remarkable hand dexterity when gathering and consuming prey, but little is known about their ability to use objects as tools. The present study used a tool choice paradigm in which six Asian small-clawed otters were tested individually and presented with two identical hook-shaped tools. For each trial, only one tool was positioned such that pulling it allowed an otter to obtain food. Pulling the other hook resulted in the correct hook being moved out of reach, necessitating selection of the correct tool as its first choice The two males performed above chance levels, but the four females did not. The females’ poor overall performance may have reflected their initial inability to understand the tool choice task. Two of the females’ performances improved by 20% over the course of the trials, and another female showed 5% improvement over time. In addition, some incorrect responses appeared to be due to the development of a side preference, rather than to the configuration of the apparatus. Four of the otters exhibited a significant side bias toward the left, but there were individual differences in how these preferences presented in each otter. For all otters, latency to approach and make a choice on the tool-use task decreased over time, regardless of success. Although otters do appear capable of learning which tool should be used in a forced choice comparison such as the one used here, other factors appear to influence the choices individual otters make.
Preliminary Report of Object Carrying Behavior by Provisioned Wild Australian Humpback Dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) in Tin Can Bay, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Barber Tamzin M.
Published: March 2021

Object use by cetaceans is associated with complex cognitive processes, social relations, play and tool use. A comparative approach of how cetacean species use objects will increase our understanding of how this behavior evolved. This study reports on observations of object use by a small group of wild, provisioned Australian humpback dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) in Tin Can Bay, Australia. Data were collated from attendance records, interviews and photographs revealing 23 separate occasions of object use over seven years. A variety of objects, biological and artificial were used by male dolphins during social and play interactions often directed at people. Comparable interactions have occurred in another provisioning program suggesting the behavior may be unique to these situations. The behavior observed in the current study also indicates variations of object use within the species, as objects were not associated with foraging as has been reported in the literature.
Pengujian Kualitas Website menggunakan Metode McCall Software Quality
Authors: Suhari Camara M Andrew , Aelani Khoirida , Dwi Juniar S Fresa
Published: March 2021

SMKN 4 Bandung uses the website smkn4bdg.sch.id as a medium to provide information services to the public, but until now the quality of the website has not been tested for quality and this is the background for the writing of this research. Quality testing in this study using the McCall method. McCall's method aims to improve the quality of software products and websites that are part of the software. McCall has three main perspectives, namely Operations products, revised products and Transition products. The design of quality testing applications in this study uses the Java programming language and MySQL database. Based on 48 respondents through a questionnaire involving teachers, students, admin of the website of SMKN 4 Bandung, visitors to the websites and researchers. The results show that the website is good enough for the correctness quality factor with a percentage of 50.6%, reliability with a percentage of 43.4%, usability with a percentage of 53.2%, flexibility with a percentage of 42.8% and portability with a percentage of 41% but these results can serve as guidelines in developing website quality
Integrated Library System untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Layanan Perpustakaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Algoritma Apriori
Authors: Nurfajiah Alfi , Hartati Tuti , Rizki Amalia Dita
Published: March 2021

Cirebon Regency Library is one of the libraries that stands on Jl. Sunan Drajat No.9 Source. Where the library has improved its services through the provision of facilities and rooms that are very adequate. With the increase in book collections in the library, it would be great if you use a data mining system that functions to determine the data set as a process that can help in finding the books desired by library customers. The association rule technique using a priori algorithm can be used as a reference in finding out simultaneous borrowing in one transaction that occurs on one item. After determining that one item, testing is carried out whether it can meet the support standard which can be used as a minimum requirement then a rule is made in accordance with the confidance drinking standard, since 2020 the Library System in Cirebon Regency has used localhost which is an integrated library system in providing services to customers. One of the services provided is information that is needed centrally so that it can support decision makers what books are available for borrowing, what are the conditions for becoming a member, who is already a member. By using this system, we can see a pattern of borrowed books based on recommendations from librarians and can make arrangements in book storage in accordance with the patterns of information in book storage
Modeling the Commercial Property Value Using Ordinary Least Squared (OLS): A Case Study of Putatan, Sabah and Limbang, Sarawak
Authors: Eboy Oliver Valentine , Jurah Avie Krista
Published: March 2021

Real Estate is an asset that provides profitable investment in return. Commercial property constitutes an important part of the real estate sector. In valuing commercial property, rental value is an essential component for valuers in applying valuation methods. Determining the rental value usually a difficult process as it involves a lot of influence factors. There are various factors that can be used but not the same for every commercial property. Therefore, this paper shows the modeling valuation comparison between two commercial property areas of Putatan and Limbang that represent the outskirts of the city in Sabah and Sarawak respectively. The purpose of this study is to find an effective approach to develop a suitable model for commercial property valuation using OLS and subsequently intends to identify factors that influence the commercial properties for both study areas. The OLS technique was used for this study to develop the property valuation model in Putatan and Limbang.  The outcome shows that both study areas can be modeled using OLS for property valuation using similar factors but the Limbang area produced higher accuracy than Putatan based on the adjusted R2 value. However, in terms of the significant of the property value influence factors, both Limbang and Putatan produced different significant factors. Thus, it shows that most of the outskirt city commercial property valuation must be modeled using different influence factors. The model will benefit the local authorities, especially for commercial property valuation. Ultimately, revaluation also can be done easily with low cost, less time and few people needed for this approach.
Personaliti, Iklim Sekolah, Kurikulum dan Sikap Akademik Pelajar di Institusi Tahfiz Negeri Sabah
Authors: Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Talip Roslee , Mosin Musirin
Published: March 2021

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji personaliti pelajar tahfiz, iklim sekolah, kurikulum dan sikap akademik murid tahfiz di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 81 orang murid tahap dua (tahun 4 – 6) daripada 3 buah sekolah rendah tahfiz swasta di sekitar Kota Kinabalu. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan keratan rentas dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik kepada responden kajian. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan variabel personaliti dan sikap pelajar menunjukkan tahap yang tinggi dengan skor min melebihi 3.80, manakala bagi variabel iklim sekolah, dapatannya adalah pada tahap sederhana (Min=3.56, SP=0.530). Bagi variabel kurikulum pula, kebanyakan pelajar mempelajari mata pelajaran-mata pelajaran utama yang sama dipelajari di sekolah-sekolah rendah bantuan penuh kerajaan di samping mata pelajaran al-Quran. Namun begitu, tiada seorang pun yang mempelajari mata pelajaran Pendidikan Komputer. Diharapkan kajian ini akan dapat memberikan maklumat berguna untuk penambahbaikan institusi tahfiz.
Hubungan Antara Efikasi Kendiri dan Motivasi Terhadap Pencapaian Akademik Pelajar Perempuan Jurusan STEM
Authors: Zainuddin Zulyna Adila , Mydin Kutty Faridah
Published: March 2021

Efikasi kendiri dan motivasi berperanan penting dalam menyumbang kepada pencapaian akademik pelajar. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat kepada tahap efikasi kendiri dan tahap motivasi pelajar perempuan jurusan STEM berdasarkan kepada pencapaian akademik yang diperolehi daripada semester lepas. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif. Sejumlah 306 pelajar perempuan daripada jurusan STEM menjawab soal selidik dengan menggunakan kaedah google form. Hasil kajian di analisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 25.0. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan korelasi positif (r = 0.614) antara efikasi kendiri dan motivasi pelajar. Ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap efikasi kendiri yang tinggi juga dipengaruhi oleh tahap motivasi pelajar yang tinggi. Namun demikian, hubungan yang diperolehi antara antara efikasi kendiri dan CGPA pelajar adalah (r = 0.103), manakala bagi motivasi dan CGPA pelajar adalah (r = 0.042). Kesimpulannya, terdapat hubungan sangat lemah di antara efikasi kendiri dan motivasi terhadap pencapaian akademik pelajar. Ini kerana hasil dapatan menujukkan bahawa tahap efikasi kendiri dan tahap motivasi pelajar turut mempengaruhi pencapaian akademik pelajar perempuan jurusan STEM walaupun hubungan yang diperolehi adalah hubungan sangat lemah.
Mixed Infection of Vivax and Falciparum Malaria with Severe Manifestations of Malaria at the General Hospital of the Christian University of Indonesia: A Case Report
Authors: Octabiano G Reinaldi , Yesaya C I Nyoman , Agustian Zega , Setianegari Yessi , Egia S Christian , Sari D Dina , Kurniyanto Kurniyanto
Published: March 2021

Malaria is still a health problem in Indonesia. The number of malaria cases according to the 2018 RISKESDAS reached 8076 cases, and the highest number was obtained from Papua province with 3,334 cases. Multiple infection malaria in Indonesia according to RISKESDAS 2018, has a rate of 0.01% of the total cases, namely Plasmodium Falciparum malaria and Plasmodium non Falciparum malaria. A 47 year old man was referred from the clinic with complaints of high fever preceded by chills 10 days before being admitted to the hospital. Accompanied by shortness of breath, unable to get off the treatment bed due to feeling very weak, nauseous, sick and having a bulging stomach. Physical examination revealed a pale conjunctiva, ronkhi in the lower field of the right lung, dim percussion in the basal of the left lung, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, shifting dullness. ring form vivax, on chest X-ray found a left pleural effusion. It is known that the patient previously lived in Papua from September 2018 to May 2019. During treatment, the patient was given artesunate injection therapy, dihydroartemisin + piperaquine and primaquin for seven days of treatment. At the end of the treatment, another chest X-ray was performed and re-examination of the peripheral blood smear, no more pleural effusions were found and no parasites were found on re-examination of the peripheral blood smear. Mixed infection of vivax and falciparum malaria, is a rare case that may occur in endemic areas where both plasmodium can be found. The prevalence in Indonesia according to RISKESDAS is only about 0.01% of all malaria cases in Indonesia.
Fasting Gastric Acidity Evidential Effect on Esophageal Mucosal Damage
Authors: Pangaribuan Achnes , Suryadarma Iga , Gotera Wira
Published: March 2021

Gastric substances that potentially increase the esophageal mucosal damage are: gastric acid, pepsin, bile salts, and pancreatic enzymes. From all of these substances, the highest potential for reflux damage is gastric acid. Although the main cause of clinical symptoms of GERD is acid reflux, it has been known that there are subgroups with typical reflux symptoms that do not provide sufficient response or not responsive to PPI treatment. Despite the improvement of esophagitis, there is no clinical improvements in reflux symptoms of 30% respondents. Therefore, this study was designed to determine fasting gastric acidity with endoscopic findings in patients with GERD. A comparative-analysis study, which determine the fasting gastric acidity from endoscopic findings in patients with GERD. Samples recruited using consecutives sampling technique and divided into groups of esophagitis and non-esophagitis reflux. A total of 40 samples involved in this study. The Mann-Whitney test, was used for analyzing the difference between fasting gastric acidity from endoscopic findings of esophagitis lesions in patient with GERD. The median value for fasting gastric acidity in the esophagitis reflux group was 1.88 (0.82-4.84), whereas the median value for fasting gastric acidity in the non-esophagitis reflux group was 2.49 (0.68-5.97). The Mann-Whitney test result was p=0.298 (p>0.05). This study shows that there is no significant difference of fasting gastric acidity from endoscopic findings between esophagitis and non esophagitis reflux groups in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study shows that esophagitis lesions are not affected by gastric acidity.
Needed Soft Skills and their Status: Self-perception of University Information Professionals
Authors: Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad , Ameen Kanwal , Ullah Midrar
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to assess the self-perception of university information professionals regarding their overall and various clusters of soft skills. A survey method, using a questionnaire as data collection instrument, was employed to achieve the objectives of this study. The instrument of Kantrowitz developed in 2005 was adapted after expert review and pilot testing. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 20. The population of this study was information professionals working in the central libraries of all the public sector general universities in Pakistan and all of them were included in the survey. The findings revealed that information professional perceived themselves competent in overall soft skills with a mean score of 3.68 for 372 university information professionals. The self-reported findings further revealed that information professionals were competent in performance management skills, interpersonal skills, political/cultural skills, and leadership /organization skills with higher mean score. However, they perceived themselves moderately competent in two important clusters of soft skills including: communication /persuasion skills and self-management skills with comparatively lower means, which need further development. To improve information professionals’ soft skills, Library and Information Science (LIS) curriculum at Master level should include soft skills. Moreover, in-service trainings on soft skills are also required for serving information professionals.