bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐34: Color Gamut and Power Consumption of a RGBW LCD Using RGB LED Backlight
Authors: Wen Senfar
Published: August 2010

The relation of color gamut and power consumption of a RGBW LCD using RGB LED backlight is studied. The result shows that the display can be operated in high color saturation mode, normal mode (20% power saving), and power saving mode (45.9% power saving). The color saturation in normal mode is about the same as that of ITU‐R BT. 709 specification.
P‐183L: Late‐News Poster: Motion Parallax Enhances Depth in a Perspective Air‐Traffic Display
Authors: Mulligan Jeffrey B.
Published: August 2010

In this paper we investigate the utility of motion parallax induced by head movement in the context of a perspective rendering of three‐dimensional air traffic configurations. Discrimination of altitude differences is improved by the addition of motion parallax (compared to a static display), but does not afford the large changes of viewpoint possible with manually‐controlled rotations.
P‐45: A Universal Implementation Method of Overdrive in Display Systems Regardless of Speed of LCD Panels
Authors: Tareq Md.Obaej , Cho Youngmin , Bhowmik Achintya , Lee Seung‐Woo
Published: August 2010

We propose a simple overdrive implementation technique for LCD systems. The technique can calculate overdrive values using higher order approximation algorithm regardless of speed of LC modes. We provide users or designers of display systems with a software that helps them to extract essential parameters by visual observation.
P‐51: Design and Realization of Delta‐Sigma Analog‐To‐Digital Converter in LTPS Technology
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Chi , Ker Ming‐Dou , Li Yu‐Hsuan , Kuo Chung‐Hung , Li Chun‐Huai , Hsieh Yao‐Jen , Liu Chun‐Ting
Published: August 2010

A delta‐Sigma analog‐to‐digital (A/D) converter designed and implemented with the thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrate is proposed, which has been successfully verified in a 3‐μm low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) process. The experimental results have shown that the probability in the bit stream of the digital output from the delta‐Sigma modulator is correctly fit in the analog input voltage ratio. Such a bit stream can be converted into 8‐bit digital code successfully under the operation voltage of 10V with thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on the glass substrate. The proposed delta‐Sigma A/D converter can be further used to achieve the precise analog circuits for System‐on‐Panel (SOP) or System‐on‐Glass (SOG) applications, which enables the analog circuits to be integrated in the active matrix LCD (AMLCD) panels.
P‐65: Controlled Grating Replication for the ZBD Technology
Authors: Bryan‐Brown Guy P. , Walker David R. E. , Jones Cliff
Published: August 2010

The preferred method is described for controlled grating replication from carrier film onto LCD motherglass. This method utilises selective adhesion to the motherglass enabled by the patterned deposition of an adhesion promoter onto the glass surface. Other approaches are compared with regard to throughput and yield in manufacture.
P‐185L: Late‐News Poster: Direct Patterning of Metal Electrodes for TFT‐LCD Fabrication
Authors: Moon Tae‐Hyoung , Nam Seong‐Hee , Kim Nam‐Kook , Kook Yun‐Ho , Jung Young‐Ki , Chang Youn‐Gyoung , Yoo Soon‐Sung , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang Inbyeong , Chung In‐Jae
Published: August 2010

We have analyzed a metal direct printing method using roll printing technology for the low cost process in TFT‐LCD fabrication. The silver metal electrodes patterned down to 3 μm in space width between lines were directly printed by this method. Very low line resistivity of 4.5 μΩ⋅cm was obtained, which is comparable to that of the AlNd metal alloy for the gate electrode of TFT‐LCD. Furthermore, we evaluated the transfer characteristics of an a‐Si:H TFT using directly printed silver material as a gate line.
P‐186L: Late‐News Poster: Fabrication of Completely Uniform OLED Display Using an Improved Inkjet Method
Authors: Takei Shuichi , Kitabayashi Atsushi , Hanaoka Hidetaka , Shinohara Kazuto , Goto Masashi , Nozawa Takeshi , Kubota Takehiko , Kasai Toshiyuki , Sakai Shinri , Miyashita Satoru
Published: August 2010

Inkjet is expected to be a promising manufacturing method for large sized OLED displays. In this development, inkjet quality was focused and practical solutions were explored. The developed precise ink volume control method with improved inkjet print heads enabled uniform material deposition into pixels. Complete uniformity of light emission was achieved, thus proving product quality of the inkjet method. The approach was applied to a large sized display to demonstrate that the improved inkjet method is particularly useful for fabricating large sized OLED displays in respects of both quality and productivity.
P‐69: A Weighted Masking Model for Colorimetric Characterization of LCDs
Authors: Chou Chun‐Hsien , Wu Ray‐Chin , Wu Cheng‐Chieh , Tseng Shing‐Shi , Mo Chi‐Neng , Chiang Rachel
Published: August 2010

Accurate colorimetric characterization is an important step in establishing the color management system (CMS) for liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The difficulty in achieving accurate characterization of LCDs is mainly due to cross talks among color channels. In this paper, a model based on the concept of under color removal (UCR) and utilizing the correlations among color components is proposed to accurately estimate the XYZ values of the colors displayed on LCDs. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms many existing models in terms of the CIEDE2000 color difference between the XYZ values of the measured color samples and the estimated XYZ values.
P‐70: Characterization of Liquid Crystal Material and Cell by means of Generalized Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Valyukh Sergiy , Kozachenko Andriy , Valyukh Iryna
Published: August 2010

Generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry is applied for precise measurements of the configuration and optical parameters of the liquid crystal (LC) layer with a twisted structure. The elastic and dielectric constants of the LC material, as well as anchoring energy, are determining from measuring director distribution under electrical field.
P‐72: Optical‐Characteristic Measurement of Flexible Display for Reliability Test
Authors: Wen Bor‐Jiunn , Liu Tzong‐Shi , Chen Cheng‐Hsien , Ko Hsin‐Yi , Chung Zong‐Ying , Liao Su‐Chuion
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this study is to put forward a new reliability‐test method for measuring optical characteristics of flexible display under different radii of curvature by using a flexible‐characteristic inspection system. In addition, for reliability test this study also researches about the optical measurement of flexible display after being bended several times. According to inspection results of the bending characteristics depicted on flexible display, a designer or maker of flexible display can design useful and comfortable flexible display product for human being to obtain more comfortable lifestyle in ubiquitous environment.
12.3: 1‐Second Implementation of CNT‐Emitter Arrays on Glasses for BLUs
Authors: Furuichi Koji , Shiratori Yosuke , Sekiguchi Kotaro , Sugime Hisashi , Noda Suguru
Published: August 2010

We realized simple fabrication of carbon nanotube field emitters for backlight units. Carbon nanotubes were directly grown on cathode lines patterned on low‐strain glasses by atmospheric pressure CVD with pulse electrical heating of cathodes for 1 second. Field emission current density was as high as 5.6 mA/cm2 at 3.3 V/μm.
P‐103: Performance Active Matrix Micro‐Cup Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Chi‐Ming Lu , Hung‐Hsiang Chen , Jhen‐Shen Liao , Yi‐Nan Chu , Wen‐Tse Tseng , Hong‐Tien Yu
Published: August 2010

Chunghwa Picture Tubes, LTD. (CPT) has successfully developed the 6″ and 8″ Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display (AMEPD) panels with the micro‐cup structure. The characteristics of AMEPDs comprise reflective paper‐like appearance, readability, portability, affordability, ultra‐low power consumption and high resolution. Therefore, the AMEPD panel is suitable for portable handheld devices such as E‐book readers or electronic news papers. Moreover, the EPD technology with the micro‐cup structure has the advantages of insensitive to pressure suitable for flexible display and easy to mass loss cost manufacture by the roll to roll process. However, the new 30V EPD film with the hexagonal micro‐cup structure has higher reflectivity and contrast ratio than the traditional 15V EPD film with the quadrilateral micro‐cup structure. The main feature of our 6″ EPD panel with the 30V EPD film include 800*600 pixels, 167dpi resolution, 33% reflectivity, 16 gray level and 9:1 contrast ratio. The main feature of our 8″ EPD panel with the 30V EPD film include 1024*768 pixels, 160 dpi resolution, 33% reflectivity, 16 gray level and 9:1 contrast ratio.
P‐106: Characterization and Packaging of Electronic Paper Display Based on Particle Polarization
Authors: Chiu Cheng‐Pu , Hsu Ching‐Hsiang , Chen Shih‐Chiang , Fan Shih‐Kang , Chiang Mei‐Tsao , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: August 2010

A particle‐based reflective electronic paper has been characterized. Based on the particle polarization, we drive the neutral microspheres to form particle chains in a water solution by applying an AC electric field. The particle‐chain transformation regulates the incident light and the reflectivity of the display. Here we developed the device packaging with hydrophilic surface treatments and UV sealing techniques. with a passive‐matrix addressing scheme, a reflective electronic paper having 64×64 pixels by particle polarization is realized on a 4 inch by 4 inch panel.
P‐116: Wider Viewing Angle in In‐Plane Switching Mode Liquid Crystal Displays by Self‐Compensated Phase Retardation Films
Authors: Yang Young‐Cheol , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: August 2010

We propose a Self‐compensated Phase Retardation (SPR) film as a compensation film for in‐plane switching liquid crystal displays. Numerical calculations show that SPR film suppress the light leakage significantly to achieve the contrast ratio higher than 290:1 for all viewing angle, compared to the conventional film having the contrast ratio 120:1. Color difference from D65 at black state is also decreased from Δu'v'=0.3031 to 0.1646 at viewing angle (θ,φ)=(60°,45°) when we replace the conventional films to SPR ones.
P‐132: Blue Phases Liquid Crystal Cell Driven by Strong In‐Plane Electric Field
Authors: Kim Min Su , Kim Miyoung , Jung Jun Ho , Ha Kyung Su , Yoon Sukin , Song Eun Gyoung , Srivastava Anoop K. , Choi Suk‐Won , Lee Gi‐Dong , Lee Seung Hee
Published: August 2010

The polymer‐stabilized blue phase liquid crystals are in the limelight of liquid crystal display area because of its fast response and wide viewing angle with alignment layer free. The conventional device is driven by in‐plane field, which has thin electrodes only on bottom substrate and also due to low Kerr constant of LC, the driving voltage of the device is very high. We propose improved electrode structure which has partition‐wall shaped electrodes. The proposed device has maximized horizontal electric field so that the driving voltage is decreased. Further, adoption of two transistors can lower driving voltage.
14.1: Power Considerations of Color‐Filter LCOS, Embedded Pico‐Projector, Electronic Architectures for Mobile Phones
Authors: Huang Ho‐Chi , Jong Maro , Lam Chun‐Kit
Published: August 2010

We present designs of embedded mobile phone projectors using liquid‐crystal‐on‐Silicon microdisplays. A low‐power video processor is a key to bridge between the mobile phones and microdisplays in digital domain. The total power consumption for the embedded projector and video processor was 1.5W for 6 lm projection.
P‐195L: Late‐News Poster: Effect of the Surface Anisotropy of a Rubbed Polyimide Film on Liquid Crystal Alignment Properties
Authors: Kim Dong‐Guk , Lee Woo Keun , Ahn Han Jin , Hwang Han Shin , Woo Jung Won , Kim Wook Sung , Yang MyoungSu , Kang InByeong , Chung InJae
Published: August 2010

Morphological and molecular orientational anisotropies of a rubbed polyimide film, which is a general alignment layer in a mass production of the 42″ IPS‐mode LCD, were analyzed. The results of our AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and XRR (X‐ray Reflectivity) measurements of rubbed polyimide surface didn't show any morphological anisotropy between parallel and perpendicular to a rubbing direction. On the other hand, orientational anisotropy of polyimide chains on their surface was observed by a NEXAFS (Near Edge X‐ray Adsorption Fine Structure) analysis. The reason for this is that the hardness of a polyimide film and the rubbing process in LCD manufacturing were optimized to minimize a rubbing scratch, which deteriorates an image quality if any. From these results, we imply that only molecular orientation without any morphological anisotropy at the polyimide surface is enough to attain LC (Liquid Crystal) alignment ability for currently mass‐produced IPS‐mode LCD products. In order to reveal the effect of molecular anisotropy on LC alignment properties, we enhanced the orientational anisotropy of polyimide chains by changing their molecular structures. We then confirmed that the increase of the orientational anisotropy could improve contrast ratio of a 42″ IPS‐mode LCD TV.
P‐140: Establishment of the Quantitative Evaluation of LCDs Based on the Precise Measurement of the LC Parameters Considering the Multiple Interferences in the LC Cell
Authors: Ishinabe Takahiro , Ohno Yuji , Miyashita Tetsuya , Uchida Tatsuo
Published: August 2010

A simple and a highly accurate measurement method was devised for the refractive indices of liquid crystal materials, the alignment distribution and the surface polar anchoring strength by considering the multiple reflections and the multiple interferences in the LC cell. The accurate measurement of the LC parameters based on the new Extended Jones Matrix Method resulted in the establishment of the quantitative evaluation of LC devices.
P‐147: Efficient and Color‐Saturated Inverted Bottom‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with a Semi‐Transparent Metal‐Assisted Electron Injection Layer
Authors: Wu Chang‐Yen , Ho Meng‐Huan , Gao Sin‐Min , Su Shang‐Yu , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Chen Chin H.
Published: August 2010

We report the development of highly efficient and color‐saturated green fluorescent C545T dye‐doped inverted bottom‐emitting organic light emitting diode (IBOLED) by the insertion of a semi‐transparent metal‐assisted electron injection layer (SM‐EIL) based on silver between the ITO and the n‐doped electron injection layer (EIL). This n‐i‐p device with its synergistic microcavity effect achieved maximum efficiencies of 24 cd/A and 12.9 lm/ W and an external quantum efficiency of 6.2% with a saturated CIEx,y (0.24,0.71) which are twice better than those of the conventional OLED and over 60% improvement on IBOLED without the SM‐EIL.
P‐148: Temperature Dependence of Degradation in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kondakova Marina E. , Young Ralph H. , Jarikov Viktor V. , Giesen David J.
Published: August 2010

Prolonged operation of an OLED degrades the luminance and alters the voltage‐dependent capacitance. The loss of luminance in simple blue and green fluorescent OLEDs is linearly correlated with internal charge accumulation at the HTL|LEL interface. The shapes of the EL decay curve and the transition‐voltage‐rise curve are independent of temperature. Proper scaling of the time axis makes plots of EL or transition voltage vs. time at different temperatures to coincide. The resulting universal decay curves are not altered by the introduction of the fluorescent dopant, suggesting that the degradation processes are the same in the doped and undoped devices. Red fluorescent OLEDs of more complicated structure degrade in a dopant‐dependent manner.
P‐150: Microcavity Top‐Emitting OLEDs Integrated with Micro‐Particle Diffusers: Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Viewing Characteristics
Authors: Tien Kun‐Cheng , Liu Chih‐Che , Liu Su‐Hao , Hsu Min‐Hung , Chang Hong‐Wei , Chang Chih‐Kai , Wu Chung‐Chih
Published: August 2010

In this work, we show that microcavity top‐emitting OLEDs integrated with micro‐particle diffusers provides a convenient approach for simultaneously achieving large quantum efficiency enhancement (>2X) and improving viewing characteristics (colors, emission patterns, pixel sharpness) of top‐emitting microcavity OLEDs for display applications.
P‐151: Low‐Voltage, High‐Efficiency Blue Phosphorescent OLED Using Double Emission Layers
Authors: Lee Meng‐Ting , Lin Jin‐Sheng , Chu Miao‐Tsai , Tseng Mei‐Rurng
Published: August 2010

Employing double emission layers (DELs) into blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices (PHOLED), the device shows improved current efficiency by a factor of 1.8 compared to that of device using single emission layer (SEL). Furthermore, by doping additional carrier‐transporting material into DELs, the device shows a slight efficiency roll‐off of 24% from low (1 mA/cm2 and 400 cd/m2) to high current density (40 mA/cm2 and 10000 cd/m2). The dramatic improvement in device performances can be attributed to the formation of a broader carrier recombination zone and the elimination of carrier accumulation at interface. A blue PHOLED with a current efficiency of 29.5 cd/A, a power efficiency of 21 lm/W and a low driving voltage of 4.4 V with a CIEx,y of (0.16, 0.35) at a practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2 can be achieved.
P‐157: Highly‐Efficient Gas Diffusion Barriers Based on Nanolaminates Prepared by Low‐Temperature ALD
Authors: Meyer Jens , Schneidenbach Daniel , Görrn Patrick , Bertram Franz , Winkler Thomas , Hamwi Sami , Johannes Hans‐Hermann , Riedl Thomas , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Hinze Peter , Weimann Thomas
Published: August 2010

Gas diffusion barriers based on nanolaminates of alternating Al2O3/ZrO2 layers prepared by atomic layer deposition at 80 °C are presented. Water vapor permeation rates as low as 4.7×10−5g/(m2 day) are determined (at 70 °C and 70 % rh). Compared to single Al2O3 encapsulation layers, a reduced density of statistical defects is found. The reliable nanolaminate encapsulation is demonstrated by OLED lifetime measurements.
P‐171: Speckle Simulation in Laser Scanning Display System
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Feng , Chang Hong , Xie Jian‐Ping , Ming Hai
Published: August 2010

We present a numerical model for image speckle in scanned‐laser displays. The scanning process itself reduces speckle contrast to 0.85 compared to 1.0 for a stationary laser. Reducing screen correlation length to 10 μm from 30 μm reduces speckle contrast from 0.85 to 0.41.
P‐173: A 0.38” Field‐Sequential‐Color Liquid‐Crystal‐On‐Silicon Microdisplay for Mobile Projectors
Authors: Fan‐Chiang Kuan‐Hsu , Lai Chia‐Cheng , Cheng Ju‐Tien , Yen Cheng‐Chi , Liao Bing‐Jei , Ho Yung‐Yuan , Chen Yen‐Chen
Published: August 2010

A 0.38″ field‐sequential‐color liquid‐crystal‐on‐Silicon (LCOS) microdisplay was developed for mobile projectors. An embedded sensor and heater was integrated onto the LCOS for ensuring a 90% NTSC color at a −20 °C ambient environment. Optical performance and reliability of this LCOS were characterized and discussed.
15.4: Excellent Performance of Indium‐Oxide‐Based Thin‐Film Transistors by DC Sputtering
Authors: Lee Ming‐Hsien , Shih Ching‐Chieh , Chen Jim‐Shone , Huang Wei‐Ming , Gan Feng‐Yuan , Shih Yi‐Chi , Qiu Cindy X. , Shih I‐Shiang
Published: August 2010

Results on indium‐oxide‐based transparent oxide TFTs, which the active layer is prepared by DC sputtering, are presented. The fabricated TOS TFTs show high mobility (37 cm2/V‐s), high ON/OFF current ratio and large on‐state current. Fabricating oxide TFTs on temperature‐sensitive substrates is also attainable owing to the low temperature process of the active layer preparation.
16.1: Invited Paper: Development of TFT Process and Circuit Integration on the Flexible Substrate to Enhance Flexibility of the Display
Authors: Kim Chang‐Dong , Yoon Soo‐Young , Jung Sang‐Hoon , Yoo Juhn‐Suk , Lee Jong‐Kwon , Park Yong‐In , Kang In Byeong , Chung In‐Jae
Published: August 2010

Flexible displays have been considered as one of the future displays. To make real flexible displays, there are several key technical issues, such as the robust backplane process on flexible substrates and removing rigid electronics. In this paper, we summarized on our recent technical approaches and results on these two issues.
4.3: Printed, Doped Flexible P‐OLED Displays and Lighting
Authors: MacKenzie Devin , Breeden Janie , Chen Jianping , Hinkle Phil , Jones Eric , Menon Anoop , Nakazawa Yuko , Shin Joon‐Ho , Vo Vung , Wilkinson Matt , Yoshioka Yuka , Zhang John
Published: August 2010

Add‐Vision has brought a new perspective to OLED commercialization, devices, and manufacturing, based on doped organic semiconductor device chemistries and air stable cathode technology to enable low cost printing tools and flexible, lamination encapsulation. Add‐Vision's balance of cost, performance, and form factor are enabling advantages for new printed electronics opportunities outside of conventional high resolution display applications, and complex and high capital cost processing.
18.1: Invited Paper: Eco‐Display ‐ An LCD‐TV Powered by a Battery?
Authors: Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Huang Yi‐Pai , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Chen Huang‐Ming P. , Cheng Yu‐Kuo
Published: August 2010

Color break‐up (CBU) is a lethal issue of a high light efficiency field‐sequential‐color (FSC) LCD. Applying local color‐backlight‐dimming technology to FSC‐LCDs, we demonstrated “Stencil‐FSC” methods with a field rate as low as 120Hz to render a high luminance “multi‐color” image on the first‐field and effectively suppress CBU at the same time. In addition, the color filterless LCD with an intelligent LED backlight and even non‐polarized LC cell, optical thruput can increase by a factor of 10, yet with lower material cost/count for an Eco‐Display.
18.2: An EOG‐Assisted Contingent Display for Suppressing Saccadic Color Breakup
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Wu Chih‐Nan
Published: August 2010

A contingent field sequential display reduces chroma to inhibit saccadic color breakup on‐the‐fly when saccadic eye movement is detected by an electro‐oculogram (EOG) sensing circuit.
18.5L: Late‐News Paper: Liquid Crystal Privacy‐Enhanced Displays for Mobile PCs
Authors: Ishii Junichiro , Saito Goro , Imai Masao , Okumura Fujio
Published: August 2010

We have developed a 12.1‐inch, XGA Liquid Crystal Privacy‐Enhanced Display for mobile PCs. Only an authorized viewer with shutter glasses can see a private image while other viewers see a public image. The privacy enhanced display system is based on a high‐frame rate image switching technology. In general, it is difficult for LCD to achieve the high speed image switching because of its slow response speed. A high speed driving scheme and a high frame rate overdriving method made it possible to realize this function in LCD.
4.4L: Late‐News Paper: A High Resolution Flexible Electrophoretic Display Driven by OTFTs with Inkjet‐Printed Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Kawashima Noriyuki , Kobayashi Norihito , Yoneya Nobuhide , Ono Hideki , Fukuda Toshio , One Takahiro , Ishii Yui , Nomoto Akihiro , Sasaki Mari , Nomoto Kazumasa
Published: August 2010

A 4.8‐in. VGA (167 dpi) organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) ‐ driven flexible electrophoretic display was demonstrated by developing inkjet printing of a small‐molecule organic semiconductor (OSC) peri‐xanthenoxanthene derivative. A passivation layer of OSC was also printed by the screen‐printing method. Pixel OTFTs exhibited high mobility of 0.4 cm2/Vs and high thermal stability after full integration of the field shielded pixel structure.
20.4: Compact RGB Laser Module for Embedded Laser Projection
Authors: Drumm Jan O. , Gammer Christian , Richter Jens , Seibert Claus
Published: August 2010

We report on a study of a miniaturized laser module suitable for embedded projection with the flying spot approach. The module comprises RGB lasers, a closely connected laser driver ASIC and optical components. Key aspects of our studies are light output and color mixing stability as well as transient performance of the module.
21.1: Invited Paper: Effect of Channel/Insulator Interface Formation Process on the Oxide TFT Performance
Authors: Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Hwang Chi‐Sun , Cho Doo‐Hee , Yoon Sung Min , Yang Shinhyuk , Byun Chunwon , Ryu Minki , Lee Jeong‐Ik , Kwon OhSang , Cheong Woo‐Seok , Chu Hye Yong , Cho Kyoung Ik
Published: August 2010

Since the first demonstration of oxide TFT driving AM‐OLED, oxide TFT technology has attracted explosive interesting and has been developed for the mass production. The performance of oxide TFT has been verified and the remained issue is bias temperature stability. In this paper, we report the effect of interface process including channel and back channel on the oxide TFT performance in a top gate and a bottom gate structure. We also demonstrate transparent AM‐OLED driven by highly stable Al doped ZTO TFT.
21.3: 4.0 In. QVGA AMOLED Display Using In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFTs with a Novel Passivation Layer
Authors: Ohara Hiroki , Sasaki Toshinari , Noda Kousei , Ito Shunichi , Sasaki Miyuki , Toyosumi Yayoi , Endo Yuta , Yoshitomi Shuhei , Sakata Junichiro , Serikawa Tadashi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2010

We have developed a 4.0 inch QVGA AMOLED display using amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFTs, focusing on a passivation layer. Threshold voltage of the TFTs can be controlled to have “normally off” characteristics by using SiOx with a low hydrogen content. Besides, small subthreshold swing and high saturation mobility are obtained.
21.4: Zinc Indium Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Active‐Matrix Display Backplane
Authors: Hoffman Randy , Emery Tim , Yeh Bao , Koch Tim , Jackson Warren
Published: August 2010

We report on the development of low‐temperature gate dielectric materials for zinc indium oxide (ZIO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Several films, including ALD HfO2 and PECVD SiNx (deposited at 175°C and 150°C, respectively), yield good TFT performance. Bias stress‐induced threshold shift for HfO2 is quite small, however does not follow conventional trends associated with hydrogenated amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) TFTs; PECVD SiNx conversely, shows bias stress characteristics that conform reasonably to a model appropriate for a‐Si:H devices.
22.2: Frequency Response of Cholesteric LCDs and Its Application in the Driving System*
Authors: Lee Da‐Wei , Chen Chih‐Jen , Huang Chieh‐Yi , Wu Chun‐Ming , Tsai Yi‐Shou , Lee Hsin‐Hung , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang
Published: August 2010

The frequency response of cholesteric liquid crystal display (ChLCD) and its application in the driving system of colored ChLCD were developed. The R‐V curves were shifted 4 volts by 10 Hz ∼ 500 Hz frequency modifications for a ChLCD with no adhesion layer. However, the R‐V curves were shifted 12 volts by 10 Hz ∼ 500 Hz frequency modifications for a ChLCD with the 1.5μm adhesion layer. The shift of the R‐V curves between different frequencies was dependent on the existence of an adhesion layer and the material of substrates. The root cause of such a frequency response was due to the ChLCD structure in which the induced charges were dependent on the frequency of applied voltages. The R‐V curves of different colored ChLCs could be overlapped with each other by utilizing the frequency response. Consequently the new driving waveforms were proposed for the colored ChLCD, and the cost of DC‐DC converters for the scan driver ICs could be reduced 66 % in this proposed driving system.
23.1: Invited Paper: Luminescence Quenching by Charge Carriers in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wyman Millard , Marchetti Alfred , Rothberg Lewis , Young Ralph , Kondakov Denis
Published: August 2010

We report photoluminescence quenching studies on model DCJTB‐doped Alq3 electroluminescent devices. The spectroscopy versus doping density suggests that solvatochromic effects are minor but that energy transfer plays a large role. Quenching of DCJTB fluorescence is due to Förster energy transfer to DCJTB cations, and measurements of the bleaching recovery dynamics show that charge extraction from ionized DCJTB sites is slow and consistent with biexponential kinetics. Temperature‐dependent studies find effective activation barriers for detrapping that are too small to be consistent with simple HOMO offsets between host and dopant.
24.1: Character Contrast under Uniform Ambient Conditions
Authors: Kelley Edward F. , Penczek John , Boynton Paul A.
Published: August 2010

The measurement of small‐area black regions (such as a character stroke) on a white screen can be subject to large errors because of veiling glare in the detector. By using replica masks we can enable more accurate measurements of small‐area‐black and character contrasts even under ambient illumination.
25.1 Invited Paper: High Resolution Autostereoscopic 3D Display with Scanning Multi‐Electrode Driving Liquid Crystal (MeD‐LC) Lens
Authors: Huang Yi‐Pai , Chen Chih‐Wei , Shen To‐Chiang
Published: August 2010

An autostereoscopic display with full resolution of2D and 3D images with wide viewing angle potential was proposed by combining an “active scanning film” and fast response OLED. In order to realize the active scanning film to project the images to different directions sequentially, Multi‐Electrode Driving Liquid Crystal (MeD‐LC) Lens was utilized. Comparing with traditional LC lens structures, MeD‐LC lens could not only be switched on/off, but also horizontally moved to “scan” and project images. Additionally, MeD‐LC lens was more competitive in respect of structure simplicity and various curvature generations.
25.2: Analysis and Improvement of Viewing Conditions for Two‐View and Multi‐View Displays
Authors: Hamagishi Goro
Published: August 2010

By analyzing the viewing conditions of two‐view and multi‐view 3D displays, it is possible to expand the display observation area and improve the viewing conditions of 3D images.
26.4: Enhancement of Discharge Characteristics Using RF‐Plasma Treatment on MgO Layer in 50‐In. Full‐HD AC‐PDPs
Authors: Park Choon‐Sang , Tae Heung‐Sik , Park Bong‐Kyoung , Jung Eun‐Young , Ahn Jeong‐Chull
Published: August 2010

The characteristics of the MgO layer are known to be an important parameter that affects both the address and sustain discharge characteristics in an ac‐PDP. In this paper, to improve the discharge characteristics of 50‐in. full‐HD ac‐PDP with He (35%) ‐ Xe (11%) contents, RF‐plasma treatments on the MgO layer are examined under various gases for plasma treatment. The resulting changes in the address and sustain discharge characteristics, including the firing voltage, Vt closed curve, power consumption, luminance, luminous efficiency, and secondary electron coefficient, are then compared for both cases with and without plasma treatment on MgO layer. It is concluded that the Ar plasma treatment can enhance the discharge characteristics, such as the firing voltage and power consumption, which are caused by an increase in the secondary electron coefficient.
30.4: High‐Efficiency Fluorescent Red‐ and Yellow‐Emitting OLED Devices
Authors: Spindler Jeffrey P. , Begley William J. , Hatwar Tukaram K. , Kondakov Denis Y.
Published: August 2010

We report high‐efficiency fluorescent red OLEDs with 11.5% EQE (15 cd/A) at 3 V, and yellow OLEDs with 8.6% EQE (28 cd/A) at 2.9 V. This performance was obtained using a nonemitting assist layer adjacent to the emission layer, and low‐voltage electron‐transporting and electron‐injecting layers. Time‐resolved electroluminescence measurements indicate a significant efficiency contribution (up to 50%) from triplet—triplet annihilation processes.
34.3: Novel Development of Multi‐Color Electrowetting Display
Authors: Kuo Shu‐Wei , Chang Yu‐Pei , Cheng Wei‐Yuan , Lo Kuo‐Long , Lee Da‐Wei , Lee Hsin‐Hung , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Tsai Yu‐Hsiang , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Chiu Yung‐Hsiang , Chiu Wan‐Wen , Fuh Shur‐Yir , Sun Rui‐Ling , Su Pei‐Ju , Wang Chung‐Wei , Lee Kuo‐Chang , Shiu Jyh‐Wen
Published: August 2010

A panel manufacturing process for multi‐color electrowetting display (EWD) by using ink‐jet printing (IJP) technique had been developed. To achieve multi‐color, two strategies were used, i.e., by using black oil with color filter and by using various colored oils without adopting color filter. for colored oils, various dyes had been used to blend with alkane solution. Then, the jetting behavior of different colored oil for IJP was investigated. Here, a 6‐inch multi‐color EWD prototype with black oil and color filter was successfully fabricated, and a dual color EWD panel with black and red oils had also been first evaluated.
35.2: Improved Efficiency and Lifetime by Tailoring the Charge Carrier Supply in OLEDs
Authors: Rothe Carsten , Werner Ansgar , Fadhel Omrane , Limmert Michael , Canzler Tobias W. , Birnstock Jan
Published: August 2010

The electron and hole supply into the recombination zone of an OLED is of crucial importance to achieve optimum performance. By adjusting the energetic levels of the transport and the blocking layers we optimize lifetime and power efficiency of blue and red fluorescent PIN OLEDs. for a red OLED, we achieve 100 cd/m2 below 2 V. By deliberately introducing barriers in the electron supply of red fluorescent OLEDs, we can “switch on” triplet‐triplet annihilation, leading to a significant boost in efficiency — up to 12 % external quantum efficiency were measured in an integrating sphere.
37.3: Smart Transflective Display Integrated with PDLC and OPV‐Embedded‐OLED
Authors: Lee Jiun‐Haw , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Chuang Kai‐Hsiang , Lin Yi‐Hsin , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2010

We demonstrated a hybrid transflective device by vertically integrating a PDLC and an OLED with OPVas the reflective and transmissive mode, respectively. Such an OPV in an OLED absorbs light and converts into electrical power, which reduces the power consumption and also acts as the integrated sensor.
37.4: High Image Quality of Ultra‐Low Power Digital Micro‐Shutter Based Display Technology
Authors: Gandhi Jignesh , Kim Je Hong , Hagood Nesbitt , Steyn Lodewyk , Fijol John , Brosnihan Tim , Lewis Stephen , Fike Gene , Barton Roger , Halfman Mark , Payne Richard
Published: August 2010

The Pixtronix DMS™ (Digital Micro Shutter) display technology intrinsically provides exceptional image quality due to its optical architecture and device technology. This technology, based on MEMS micro‐shutters formed on active TFT backplanes, has enabled the development of color sequential, time division gray scale, direct‐view displays achieving breakthrough performance ‐ including 150% NTSC (CIE 1976 u'v' color space) color gamut, 24‐bit color, > 500:1 contrast ratio and 170° viewing angle, all at 1/4 the power consumption of comparable TFT‐LCD display modules. In addition to this, these displays present horizontal contrast viewing angle comparable to that of OLEDs providing exceptional color saturation in large angle viewing directions. This paper will briefly describe the Pixtronix DMS™ display technology. It will also describe key display architecture elements of DMS technology responsible for the excellent optical performance. The optical characterization of prototype displays and discussion of the results will be presented. A non‐emissive technology like DMS technology is able to provide performance close to that of emissive technologies like OLED at a power much lower than that of an LCD display.
40.2: Super‐High Resolution Transfer Printing for Full‐Color OLED Display Patterning
Authors: Jin Hongzheng , Sturm James C.
Published: August 2010

We describe a transfer printing method for patterning of thin polymer layers. A hard stamp with raised feature is brought into contact with a spin coated organic film under elevated pressure and temperature to break the films. The patterned film is then transfer printed onto devices. We use this method to print red/green/blue sub‐pixel arrays with pattern size as small as 12 μm at a resolution of 530 ppi to demonstrate its ability for full‐color organic light‐emitting display fabrication.
41.3: Zero Barrier, Zero Crosstalk Autosteresoscopic 3D Display System for Cinema & Home Theater Multi‐User Settings
Authors: Mphepö Wallen , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: August 2010

Using a 4‐viewer Autostereoscopic 3D Home Theater display system, a radically designed projection screen film system coupled with a conventional projection display is herein presented and shown to produce a superior 3D effect than most current autostereoscopic and non‐autostereo 3D Display systems. The proposed design's goals were specifically aimed at tackling the, until now, mutually exclusive properties of most parallax based autostereoscopic 3D Displays i.e. staggeringly high Display Optical Efficiency and drastically low levels of image Crosstalk. By uniquely patterning a film stack onto a projection screen so that the projected left and right images are reflected to their respective viewers locations without the need for barrier or lenticular lens, we were able to achieve a 0% Image Crosstalk at ∼90% Optical Efficiency in a 4 concurrent autostereosocopic 3D viewers Home Theater Display System.
41.4: An Autostereoscopic 3D Projector Based on Two Parallax Barriers
Authors: Wang Qiong‐Hua , Tao Yu‐Hong , Zhao Wu‐Xiang , Li Da‐Hai
Published: August 2010

This paper proposed an autostereoscopic 3D projector composed of LCD projectors and two parallax barriers located beside the two sides of the projection screen. Parallax barrier 1 facing to the projectors acts as the function of collimating the images which have aberrations on the edge of the projection screen. Parallax barrier 2 facing to viewers acts as the functions of the parallax barrier in ordinary autostereoscopic 3D displays. The operation principle of the system and the calculation equations for the parallax barriers, the capture and correction of images were described in details. A 60‐inch autostereoscopic 3D projector prototype having four projectors was developed. The prototype has high resolution and sharp stereoscopic image presentation.
43.2: A Charge‐Reservoir with Buck‐Store and Boost‐Restore (BSBR) Technique for High Efficient Conversion and Low Cost Solution of RGB LED Display Panels
Authors: Hsieh Chun‐Yu , Yang Chih‐Yu , Huang Ming‐Hsin , Li Don‐Hwan , Chen Chi‐Lin , Chen Ke‐Horng
Published: August 2010

A boost converter with buck‐store and boost‐restore(BSBR) technique fabricated by 0.25μm CMOS BCD process can provide different supply voltages to drive series RGB LEDs in sequence for reducing the power consumption on the constant current generator. The proposed technique not only stores and restores extra charge during the transient time of the reference tracking response to improve the efficiency but also enhances the reference tracking response to greatly reduce load transition time. Experimental results show that the period of reference‐tracking response can be improved. When the load current is 100mA, the periods of reference down‐tracking and up‐tracking are smaller than 10μs and 20μs, respectively. Furthermore, this technique also can provide a regulated voltage to drive the sub‐block implemented in the LCD system. The maximum efficiency of charge recycling is up to 94% and the maximum efficiency of this boost converter is 92.5%. Experimental results demonstrate fast and efficient reference tracking performance is achieved by the proposed BSBR technique.
46.5L: Late‐News Paper: Confinement of Triplet‐Excited States by Fluorinated Polyvinylcarbazole for High Efficiency OLEDs
Authors: Enomoto Shintaro , Uchikoga Shuichi , Mizuno Yukitami , Takasu Isao , Sawabe Tomoaki , Amano Akio , Wada Atsushi , Yoshida Jiro , Ono Tomio
Published: August 2010

Based on molecular orbital calculation, solution processable fluorinated polyvinylcarbazole (poly (N‐vinyl 2,7‐ difluorocarbazole), (F‐PVK)) is synthesized as host material for blue electrophosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). F‐PVK successfully confined triplet excitons to the guest phosphorescent material, iridium(III) bis[(4,6‐ difluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N,C2′]picolinate (FIrpic). To the authors' knowledge, it showed the highest up‐to‐date solution‐ processed blue polymer OLED efficiency of 27 cd/A at 760 cd/m2.
49.1: Fabrication of 23” PVA LCD Panel by Laser Ablation Process of ITO
Authors: Shin Yonghwan , Jeon Baekkyun , Shin Sungtae , Lim Soonkwon , Souk Junhyung , Odajima Tamotsu
Published: August 2010

We fabricated the world first 23” PVA LCD panel of which transparent electrode (ITO) was patterned by “laser ablation process”. Generally photo process is used to pattern the transparent electrode. To simplify this photo process we tried to develop laser ablation process to pattern the ITO. Current photo process is composed of 6 steps such as Coating the Photoresist, Baking, Exposure, Development, Etching, and Stripping. But we succeeded in simplifying this process by the laser ablation process. From this experiment, we could identify the possibility of laser ablation process which can be used on the patterning process of transparent electrodes.
49.5L: Late‐News Paper: Roll‐To‐Roll Manufacturing of Electronic Skins
Authors: Koch Tim , Hill Don , Delos‐Reyes Mike , Mabeck Jeff , Yeo Jong‐Souk , Stellbrink Joe , Henze Dick , Zhou Zhang‐Lin
Published: August 2010

A new roll‐to‐roll manufacturing platform has been developed that enables the fabrication of durable and flexible electronics. Here we present this platform capability and its application to create thin, conformable electronic skins that can change their appearance upon application of low‐power electronic signals.
49.6L: Late‐News Paper: Transparent Organic Planarizing Films for Low Temperature Display Applications
Authors: Rutter Edward W. , Krishnamoorthy Ahila , Kennedy Joseph T. , Burroughes Jeremy , Ghouse Sharmil , Halls Jonathan , Newsome Chris
Published: August 2010

The development of organic planarizing films that can be cured at low temperature and demonstrate high optical transparency is reported. This material is targeted for low temperature (<200°C) applications with thermally‐sensitive substrates. The use of a novel catalyst has permitted the low temperature curing to occur while providing formulation stability even at elevated (40°C) temperature. These organic materials are designed to compliment other materials offerings for the display industry in applications where high temperature processing cannot be accommodated.
50.2: Power Savings by Local Dimming on a LCD Panel with Side Lit Backlight
Authors: Hulze Hendriek Groot , deGreef Pierre
Published: August 2010

Local dimming of segmented direct lit backlights is a known technique to save power and improve the contrast. Also there is a trend towards slim side lit panels. with proper LED‐drivers and algorithms both technologies can be combined. The power saving can be doubled compared to a global dimmed backlight.
51.3: The Use of Transparent Conductive Polymer for Electrode Materials in Flexible Electronic Paper
Authors: Nishii Masayuki , Sakurai Ryo , Sugie Kaoru , Masuda Yoshitomo , Hattori Reiji
Published: August 2010

Transparent conductive polymer of PEDOT/PSS has been applied to top electrodes of flexible electronic‐paper display. High resolution electrode patterning of the polymer materials in a line shape has been performed by laser ablation method. An 8.4‐in. diagonal and 82 dpi flexible electronic paper using quick response liquid‐powder technology has been prepared by applying the patterned flexible substrates. The flexible electronic paper with PEDOT/PSS electrodes has exhibited comparable display properties to that consisting of ITO electrodes.
53.4: Development of 31‐Inch Full‐HD AMOLED TV Using LTPS‐TFT and RGB FMM
Authors: Lee Myung Ho , Seop Song Myoung , Kim Jong Soo , Hwang Jung Ho , Shin Hye Jin , Cho Sang Kyun , Min Kyoung Wook , Kwak Won Kyu , Jung Sun I , Kim Chang Soo , Choi Woong Sik , Kim Sung Cheol , Yoo Eu Jin
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we describe the technologies for implementation of the world's largest Active Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (AMOLED) TV. Low Temperature Poly‐Silicon (LTPS) method is applied to integrate driver and pixel circuit in panel. Also, we used Fine Metal Mask (FMM) for color patterned R,G,B pixels. for achieving better color gamut, we applied bottom‐emission micro‐cavity structure. As a result, we have fabricated 31‐inch Full‐HD(1920×l080) AMOLED display. The power consumption is less than 40W, which it displays motion picture. We achieved excellent performance like color gamut over 100%, contrast ratio over 1,000,000:1, life time over 35,000hrs, 200cd/m2 white brightness (peak brightness is 550 cd/m2). We now remarkably achieved a slim TV set under 1cm thickness. The module thickness including electronic devices is only 4.3mm with aluminum frame.
55.4: Improvement of Thermal Uniformity of LED Backlight Module by Irregular Bracket Design
Authors: Yang Hung‐Ling , Chen Ya‐Wen , Tzeng Alex
Published: August 2010

In this paper, an investigation of how to improve thermal uniformity of LED backlight module without extra thermal cooling device was carried out. According to numerical analysis results, we find out that using irregular lamp bracket design can improve thermal uniformity of LED light bar due to appropriate metal area. After suitable metal area adjusted, reducing the difference of LED junction temperature can enhance the uniformity of light output and longer lifetime.
57.3: Adaptive Digital Video Format Converter IC Featuring Qdeo True Color and Natural Depth Expansion
Authors: Balram Nikhil , Subrahmanyam Moola , Ghosh Bipasha , Garg Sanjay , Bhaskaran Vasudev , Sridhar K. , Shah Gaurav
Published: August 2010

Today's consumer has access to a wide variety of video sources, including traditional broadcast and packaged media sources as well as internet sources like YouTube, Hulu and iTunes. These video sources have a variety of resolutions and usually a lot of artifacts. Furthermore, they all have limited gray‐scales of 256 levels or less, resulting in contouring artifacts. On the other hand displays continue to increase in bit‐depth, size, and resolution, with 10‐bit and 12‐bit panels increasingly common and 4K×2K displays starting to enter the high‐end. This paper describes a new digital video format converter IC featuring proprietary Qdeo video processing that bridges this big “color‐gap” between video sources and video displays.
9.1: 40 Inch FHD AM‐OLED Display with IR Drop Compensation Pixel Circuit
Authors: Kim Yang Wan , Kwak Won Kyu , Lee Jae Yong , Choi Wong Sik , Lee Ki Yong , Kim Sung Chul , Yoo Eui Jin
Published: August 2010

Samsung Mobile Display has developed a full color 40″ FHD AM‐OLED display, the largest OLED display ever reported to data. It was based on the technologies of Low temperature poly‐Silicon (LTPS) TFT backplane using Super Grain Silicon (SGS) crystallization method, and power line IR‐drop cancellation pixel circuit. Through this designed panel, we can estimate the possibility of large‐Size and high‐resolution AMOLED panel as TV applications.
60.4L: Late‐News Paper: High Efficiency 200‐lm/W Green Light Emitting Organic Devices Prepared on High‐Index of Refraction Substrate
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Koyanagi Takahiro
Published: August 2010

The total flux of the emitted light has been successfully enhanced by employing high refractive index (n=2.0) glass substrate coated with a light extraction layer. The normal CBP:Ir(ppy)3 based small molecule multilayer device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 56.9% and a power efficiency of 210‐lm/W with a threshold voltage of 2.7V. Optical mode analysis by original computer software identified the importance of the control of refractive index of substrate for total improvement of out‐coupling efficiency.
61.2: Image‐Quality Modelling of a Mobile Display under Various Ambient Illuminations
Authors: Yoo Jang Jin , Cui Guihua , Luo M. Ronnier
Published: August 2010

An adaptive image‐quality model that incorporates the ambient illumination conditions were developed by carrying out a series of psychophysical experiment for assessing the image quality under dark, bright and outdoor bright surround conditions. Two objective measures (colour‐difference metric and colour‐naturalness metric) were employed to predict image quality.