bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation on the rationales to internationalize higher education in public universities in Kenya
Authors: Mutinda Gladys Ndunge , Gichuki Castro , Liu Zhimin , Shan Xue
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The converging global trends for countries and educational institutions is to push the boundaries of science and develop new technologies through the application of internationalization strategies. However, the extent to which higher education institutions (HEIs) participate and apply internationalization strategies in higher education (IOHE) varies by institution and region.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed the multi-level ordinal regression to estimate how various factors influence the rationales to internationalize higher education.

Findings

The study revealed that the salience of HEIs choice of a specific rationale for the IOHE stems from either the academic, administrative and socio-cultural levels.

Research limitations/implications

This article posits, particularly for Kenyan universities, that proper identification of their needs and wants for their higher education is key to successfully engage in IOHE. This recognition of needs and wants places them in the right position to identify appropriate rationales to engage in this complex process.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study is based on the fact that in Sub-Saharan Africa, research on the rationales for the IOHE in universities is highly lacking. A focus on more localized contexts is a critical starting point for these institutions to own and situate the internationalization process in a way that meets their needs.
Development of research-intensive universities in Tanzania
Authors: Fussy Daniel Sidney
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This article reports on a study that explored how the Tanzanian government can support the development of research-intensive universities in its higher education system.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through document analysis and in-depth semi-structured interviews with participants obtained from national higher education departments, senior university leadership offices and academic staff in both public and private universities.

Findings

The study identified four essential systemic elements for developing research-intensive universities (RIUs): diversification of universities based on their core functions, allocation of financial resources according to research performance, relaxation of university governing systems and accrediting universities based on research outcomes.

Practical implications

The study identified essential systemic elements that could address the issue of developing RIUs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These elements present a potential solution for developing a diverse higher education system capable of sustaining RIUs, offering opportunities to produce innovative knowledge, develop diverse skills and meet the needs of a range of students, employers and businesses.

Originality/value

This study adds to the body of knowledge on how LMICs can develop well-functioning RIUs. The study also contributes to the ongoing debates among higher education stakeholders, including governments, academics, students and the community, on the changing dynamics of higher education and its role in national and regional development.
Efficacy and safety of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Zeeshan MD , Singh Anupama , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background

Female‐pattern hair loss (FPHL) is characterized by decreased scalp hair density, thinning of hair shafts, and progressive miniaturization of hair follicles.

Objective

To compare the safety and efficacy of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss [FPHL].

Methods

The study design was retrospective, and all eligible females aged between 18 years and 50 years with FPHL were included. We identified 120 patients from our database who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and patients were then categorized into two groups, Group A comprising patients who were taking 100 mg of spironolactone once daily and Group B comprising patients who were taking 50 mg of bicalutamide once daily along with topical minoxidil 2% in both groups. Patient were analysed at approximately at 24 weeks from the commencement of the treatment.

Results

Mean reduction in hair loss severity score on Sinclair scale was 19.51% in spironolactone group compared to 28.20% in bicalutamide group at 24 weeks, which was statistically significant. On global photographic assessment, marked improvement was seen in bicalutamide group compared to spironolactone group (p = 0.139).

Conclusions

Our study, though limited by its retrospective design and small sample size, showed that bicalutamide has greater efficacy and better safety profile in comparison to spironolactone in the treatment of FPHL.
Asystolic donor warm ischemia time is associated with development of postreperfusion syndrome in donation after circulatory death liver transplant
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Rocha Chiara , Myers Bryan , Wang Ryan , Smith Natalie , Tabrizian Parissa , DiNorcia Joseph , Moon Jang , Arvelakis Antonios , Facciuto Marcelo E. , DeMaria Samuel , Florman Sander
Published: May 2024

Background

Individual events during donation after circulatory death (DCD) procurement, such as hypotensive or hypoxic warm ischemia, or circulatory arrest are all a part of donor warm ischemia time (dWIT), and may have differing effects on the outcome of the liver graft. This study aimed to identify risk factors for postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), a state of severe hemodynamic derangement following graft reperfusion, and its impact on DCD liver transplantation (LT) outcomes.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis using 106 DCD LT. Detailed information for events during procurement (withdrawal of life support; systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg; oxygen saturation < 80%; circulatory arrest; aortic cold perfusion) and their association with the development of PRS were examined using logistic regression.

Results

The overall incidence of PRS was 26.4%, occurring in 28 patients. Independent risk factors for PRS were asystolic dWIT (odds ratio (OR) 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–9.66) and MELD score (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10). Total bilirubin was significantly higher in the PRS group at postoperative day (POD) 1 (p = .02; 5.2 mg/dL vs. 3.4 mg/dL), POD 3 (p = .049; 4.5 mg/dL vs. 2.8 mg/dL), and POD 7 (p = .04; 3.1 mg/dL vs. 1.9 mg/dL). Renal replacement therapy after LT was more likely to be required in the PRS group (p = .01; 48.2% vs. 23.1%).

Conclusion

Asystolic dWIT is a risk factor for the development of PRS in DCD LT. Our results suggest that asystolic dWIT should be considered when selecting DCD liver donors.
Kidney transplant candidates’ perspectives on the implementation of a Canadian Willingness to Cross program: A strategy to increase access to kidney transplantation for highly sensitized patients
Authors: Affdal Aliya , Issa Mohamad , Ballesteros Fabian , Malo Marie‐Françoise , Thind Gurvir , Atkinson Teresa , Coldwell Kristi , Grewal Kuljit , Wong KaYee , Lan James H. , Fortin Marie‐Chantal
Published: May 2024

Background

Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end‐stage renal disease. However, highly sensitized patients (HSPs) have reduced access to transplantation, leading to increased morbidity and mortality on the waiting list. The Canadian Willingness to Cross (WTC) program proposes allowing transplantation across preformed donor specific antibodies (DSA) determined to be at a low risk of rejection under the adaptive design framework. This study collected patients’ perspectives on the development of this program.

Methods

Forty‐one individual interviews were conducted with kidney transplant candidates from three Canadian transplant centers in 2022. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed for subsequent analyses.

Results

Despite limited familiarity with the adaptive design, participants demonstrated trust in the researchers. They perceived the WTC program as a pathway for HSPs to access transplantation while mitigating transplant‐related risks. HSPs saw the WTC program as a source of hope and an opportunity to leave dialysis, despite acknowledging inherent uncertainties. Some non‐HSPs expressed concerns about fairness, anticipating increased waiting times and potential compromise in kidney graft longevity due to higher rejection risks. Participants recommended essential strategies for implementing the WTC program, including organizing informational meetings and highlighting the necessity for psychosocial support.

Conclusion

The WTC program emerges as a promising strategy to enhance HSPs’ access to kidney transplantation. While HSPs perceived this program as a source of hope, non‐HSPs voiced concerns about distributive justice issues. These results will help develop a WTC program that is ethically sound for transplant candidates.
Prenatal diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch using high‐definition flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Li Tian‐Gang , Wu Wen‐Rui , Su Xiao‐Rong , Wang Ai‐Lin , Wang Yan‐Fang
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical utility of two dimensional (2D) ultrasound combined with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in diagnosing interrupted aortic arch (IAA) in fetal life.

Methods

A total of 53 cases of fetal IAA were diagnosed using 2D ultrasound combined with STIC, and 53 normal fetuses of the same gestational week were selected. These cases were retrospectively analyzed to assess the utility of employing 2D ultrasound combined with STIC in the diagnosis of IAA.

Results

2D ultrasound combined with STIC detected 22 cases of type A IAA, 24 cases of type B IAA, and seven cases of type C IAA. Furthermore, combining 2D ultrasound with STIC enabled dynamic visualization of the IAA, aiding in prenatal diagnosis. The diagnostic coincidence rate of IAA was found to be higher in the HD‐flow combined with STIC than that in the 2D combined with HD‐flow.

Conclusion

HD‐flow combined with STIC can assist in diagnosing fetal IAA, and this technique has important clinical value.
A concept analysis of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses
Authors: Runyon Maggie C. , Copel Linda Carman , Trout Kimberly K.
Published: May 2024

Aim

To facilitate an understanding of the risk for psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses.

Design

Concept analysis.

Methods

The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to 56 articles. The characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses were identified.

Data sources

Peer‐reviewed articles in English from CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed on July 2023.

Results

The characteristics of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses are overwhelming distress, intrusive symptoms, avoidance and numbing behaviours, hypervigilance or hyperarousal, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and interpersonal challenges. The antecedents are exposure to one or more of the following nurse‐specific traumas: natural or person‐made disasters, historical role limitations, second victim situations, secondary trauma, system‐mediated or over‐medicalized care, insufficient resources, or workplace incivility. The consequences are disruptions in mental health, diminished physical health, alterations in relationships, and variable work performance.

Conclusion

Labour and delivery nurses experience unique causes of psychological trauma due to their practice environment and patient population. The consequences of labour and delivery nurses' psychological trauma extend beyond individual health and impact the quality of patient care and organizational capacity.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Furthermore, research is needed to inform education, support and policy measures to mitigate harm effectively.

What problem did the study address?

Nurse‐specific trauma theory has not been applied to the unique labour and delivery environment with a high incidence of patient trauma.

What were the main findings?

Multiple causes of trauma in the perinatal context have created a pervasive yet largely preventable issue.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

This research will impact labour and delivery nurses, their leadership, and their patients.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Periodontal inflammatory and microbial profiles in healthy young African Americans and Caucasians
Authors: Sabbagh Samer , Adatorwovor Reuben , Kirakodu Sreenatha , Rojas‐Ramirez Marcia V. , Al‐Sabbagh Mohanad , Dawson Dolphus , Fernandes Jussara Gonçalves , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Villasante‐Tezanos Alejandro , Shaddox Luciana
Published: May 2024

Aim

This study aimed to compare microbial and inflammatory profiles in periodontally/systemically healthy African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) individuals.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐seven C and 46 AA aged from 5 to 25 years were evaluated regarding periodontal disease, caries, microbial subgingival profile via 16‐s sequencing, as well as salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory profile via multiplex assay.

Results

Greater probing depth percentage was detected in AA (p = .0075), while a higher percentage of caries index (p = .0069) and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index (p = .0089) was observed in C, after adjusting for number of teeth, sex and age. Salivary levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNFα were higher for C, whereas GCF levels of eotaxin, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, IL‐2 and MIP‐1α were higher in AA (p < .05). Different microbial profiles were observed between the races (p = .02). AA presented higher abundance of periodontopathogens (such as Tanerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Filifactor alocis, among others), and C presented more caries‐associated bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella species). Bacillaceae and Lactobacillus species were associated with higher DMFT index, whereas Fusobacterium and Tanerella species with periodontal disease parameters.

Conclusions

A different inflammatory and bacterial profile was observed between healthy AA and C, which may predispose these races to higher susceptibility to specific oral diseases.
Diagnostic accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8 point‐of‐care test for detecting periodontitis in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Shimin , Lin Tingting , Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo , Gao Hanqi , Zhang Yong , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Deng Ke
Published: May 2024

Objective

To determine the accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8 point‐of‐care test (POCT) for detecting periodontitis in adults, through meta‐analysis.

Materials and Methods

Diagnostic studies evaluating the accuracy of salivary/oral rinse aMMP‐8 POCT for detecting periodontitis in adults, when compared with clinical examination, were considered eligible. A comprehensive search was performed up to 31 August 2023 through five databases. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the included articles. Meta‐analysis was performed using Bayesian bivariate hierarchical model and subgroup analysis.

Results

From 368 screened studies, 6 studies (4 cross‐sectional and 2 longitudinal studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of salivary aMMP‐8‐POCT for detecting periodontitis were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41–0.82) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.65–0.95), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the 95% CI for oral fluid types, predefined diagnostic thresholds and the POCT systems largely overlapped, indicating that the differences between them may not be significant.

Conclusion

Salivary aMMP‐8 POCT shows fair accuracy for detecting periodontitis. The diagnostic accuracy cannot be significantly influenced by the types of oral fluids, predefined diagnostic thresholds or the specific POCT systems used. More research is needed to confirm the clinical utility and implementation of aMMP‐8 POCT in the diagnosis of periodontitis.
Decoding, reading and writing: the double helix theory of teaching
Authors: Wyse Dominic , Hacking Charlotte
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a new theory and model of the teaching of decoding, reading and writing. The first part of the paper reviews a selection of influential models of learning to read and write that to varying degrees have been used as the basis for approaches to teaching, including the Simple View of Reading. As well as noting some strengths of the models in relation to children's learning, limitations are identified in terms of their applicability as models of teaching. The second part of the paper presents seven components that are central to teaching reading and writing derived from social, cultural and cognitive research and theory. Explanations for the relevance of the components are offered, and seminal and more recent research that underpin them summarised. The final part of the paper introduces a new theory and model of teaching, The Double Helix of Reading and Writing. It is argued that this model provides a rationale for a balanced approach to teaching, and an alternative to synthetic phonics.
Striatal Blood Flow Changes by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Its Effect on Neurological Deficits in Mice
Authors: Unekawa Miyuki , Tsukada Naoki , Takizawa Tsubasa , Tomita Yutaka , Nakahara Jin , Izawa Yoshikane
Published: May 2024

Objective

We attempted to record the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) simultaneously at various regions of the cerebral cortex and the striatum during middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and to evaluate neurological deficits and infarct formation.

Methods

In male C57BL/6J mice, CBF was recorded in three regions including the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and the striatum with laser Doppler flowmeters, and the origin of MCA was occluded with a monofilament suture for 15–90 min. After 48 h, neurological deficits were evaluated, and infarct was examined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.

Results

CBF decrease in the striatum was approximately two‐thirds of the MCA‐dominant region of the cortex during MCA occlusion. The characteristic CBF fluctuation because of spontaneously occurred spreading depolarization observed throughout the cortex was not found in the striatum. Ischemic foci with slight lower staining to TTC were found in the ipsilateral striatum in MCA‐occluded mice for longer than 30 min (n = 54). Twenty‐nine among 64 MCA‐occluded mice exhibited neurological deficits even in the absence of apparent infarct with minimum staining to TTC in the cortex, and the severity of neurological deficits was not correlated with the size of the cortical infarct.

Conclusion

Neurological deficits might be associated with the ischemic striatum rather than with cortical infarction.
Light control of three‐dimensional chromatin organization in soybean
Authors: Li Zhu , Sun Linhua , Xu Xiao , Liu Yutong , He Hang , Deng Xing Wang
Published: May 2024

Higher‐order chromatin structure is critical for regulation of gene expression. In plants, light profoundly affects the morphogenesis of emerging seedlings as well as global gene expression to ensure optimal adaptation to environmental conditions. However, the changes and functional significance of chromatin organization in response to light during seedling development are not well documented. We constructed Hi‐C contact maps for the cotyledon, apical hook and hypocotyl of soybean subjected to dark and light conditions. The resulting high‐resolution Hi‐C contact maps identified chromosome territories, A/B compartments, A/B sub‐compartments, TADs (Topologically Associated Domains) and chromatin loops in each organ. We observed increased chromatin compaction under light and we found that domains that switched from B sub‐compartments in darkness to A sub‐compartments under light contained genes that were activated during photomorphogenesis. At the local scale, we identified a group of TADs constructed by gene clusters consisting of different numbers of Small Auxin‐Upregulated RNAs (SAURs), which exhibited strict co‐expression in the hook and hypocotyl in response to light stimulation. In the hypocotyl, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) regulated the transcription of a SAURs cluster under light via TAD condensation. Our results suggest that the 3D genome is involved in the regulation of light‐related gene expression in a tissue‐specific manner.
Arabidopsis diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 mutants require fatty acid desaturation for normal seed development
Authors: Neumann Nicholas , Harman Maxwell , Kuhlman Andrea , Durrett Timothy P.
Published: May 2024

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the major enzyme that synthesizes triacylglycerols (TAG) during Arabidopsis seed development. Mutant dgat1 seeds possess low oil content in addition to a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition. Two genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum localized desaturase enzymes, fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) and fatty acid desaturase3 (FAD3), were upregulated in both dgat1‐1 and dgat1‐2 developing seeds. Crosses between both dgat1 mutant alleles and fad2‐1 failed to generate plants homozygous for both dgat1 and fad2. Reciprocal crosses with wild‐type plants demonstrated that both male and female dgat1 fad2 gametophytes were viable. Siliques from DGAT1/dgat1‐1 fad2‐1/fad2‐1 and dgat1‐1/dgat1‐1 FAD2/fad2‐1 possessed abnormal looking seeds that were arrested in the torpedo growth stage. Approximately 25% of the seeds exhibited this arrested phenotype, genetically consistent with them possessing the double homozygous dgat1 fad2 genotype. In contrast, double homozygous dgat1‐1 fad3‐2 mutant plants were viable. Seeds from these plants possessed higher levels of 18:2 while their fatty acid content was lower than dgat1 mutant controls. The results are consistent with a model where in the absence of DGAT1 activity, desaturation of fatty acids by FAD2 becomes essential to provide PUFA substrates for phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) to synthesize TAG. In a dgat1 fad2 mutant, seed development is aborted because TAG is unable to be synthesized by either DGAT1 or PDAT.
Stability and equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence
Authors: Alattar Mohammad
Published: May 2024

We give applications of equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence in various contexts. Namely, using equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, we prove a stability result in the setting of compact finite‐dimensional Alexandrov spaces. Moreover, we introduce the notion of an almost commutative diagram and show that its use simplifies both exposition and argument.
Product‐free sets in the free group
Authors: Ortega Miquel , Rué Juanjo , Serra Oriol
Published: May 2024

We prove that product‐free subsets of the free group over a finite alphabet have maximum upper density with respect to the natural measure that assigns total weight one to each set of irreducible words of a given length. This confirms a conjecture of Leader, Letzter, Narayanan, and Walters. In more general terms, we actually prove that strongly ‐product‐free sets have maximum upper density in terms of this measure. The bounds are tight.
Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in human physiology research—should we control the controllables?
Authors: Merrell Lucy H. , Perkin Oliver J. , Bradshaw Louise , Collier‐Bain Harrison D. , Collins Adam J. , Davies Sophie , Eddy Rachel , Hickman James A. , Nicholas Anna P. , Rees Daniel , Spellanzon Bruno , James Lewis J. , McKay Alannah K. A. , Smith Harry A. , Turner James E. , Koumanov Francoise , Maher Jennifer , Thompson Dylan , Gonzalez Javier T. , Betts James A.
Published: May 2024

The premise of research in human physiology is to explore a multifaceted system whilst identifying one or a few outcomes of interest. Therefore, the control of potentially confounding variables requires careful thought regarding the extent of control and complexity of standardisation. One common factor to control prior to testing is diet, as food and fluid provision may deviate from participants’ habitual diets, yet a self‐report and replication method can be flawed by under‐reporting. Researchers may also need to consider standardisation of physical activity, whether it be through familiarisation trials, wash‐out periods, or guidance on levels of physical activity to be achieved before trials. In terms of pharmacological agents, the ethical implications of standardisation require researchers to carefully consider how medications, caffeine consumption and oral contraceptive prescriptions may affect the study. For research in females, it should be considered whether standardisation between‐ or within‐participants in regards to menstrual cycle phase is most relevant. The timing of measurements relative to various other daily events is relevant to all physiological research and so it can be important to standardise when measurements are made. This review summarises the areas of standardisation which we hope will be considered useful to anyone involved in human physiology research, including when and how one can apply standardisation to various contexts.
Piperine enhances contractile force in slow‐ and fast‐twitch muscle
Authors: Herskind Jon , Ørtenblad Niels , Cheng Arthur J. , Pedersen Peter , Overgaard Kristian
Published: May 2024

Piperine has been shown to bind to myosin and shift the distribution of conformational states of myosin molecules from the super‐relaxed state to the disordered relaxed state. However, little is known about the implications for muscle force production and potential underlying mechanisms. Muscle contractility experiments were performed using isolated muscles and single fibres from rats and mice. The dose–response effect of piperine on muscle force was assessed at several stimulation frequencies. The potentiation of muscle force was also tested in muscles fatigued by eccentric contractions. Potential mechanisms of force potentiation were assessed by measuring Ca2+ levels during stimulation in enzymatically dissociated muscle fibres, while myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed in chemically skinned muscle fibres. Piperine caused a dose‐dependent increase in low‐frequency force with no effect on high‐frequency force in both slow‐ and fast‐twitch muscle, with similar relative increases in twitch force, rate of force development and relaxation rate. The potentiating effect of piperine on low‐frequency force was reversible, and piperine partially recovered low‐frequency force in fatigued muscle. Piperine had no effect on myoplasmic free [Ca2+] levels in mouse muscle fibres, whereas piperine substantially augmented the force response to submaximal levels of [Ca2+] in rat MyHCII fibres and MyHCI fibres along with a minor increase in maximum Ca2+‐activated force. Piperine enhances low‐frequency force production in both fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscle. The effects are reversible and can counteract muscle fatigue. The primary underlying mechanism appears to be an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity.

image

Key points

Piperine is a plant alkaloid derived from black pepper. It is known to bind to skeletal muscle myosin and enhance resting ATP turnover but its effects on contractility are not well known.

We showed for the first time a piperine‐induced force potentiation that was pronounced during low‐frequency electrical stimulation of isolated muscles.

The effect of piperine was observed in both slow and fast muscle types, was reversible, and could counteract the force decrements observed after fatiguing muscle contractions.

Piperine treatment caused an increase in myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in chemically skinned muscle fibres, while we observed no effect on intracellular Ca2+ concentrations during electrical stimulation in enzymatically dissociated muscle fibres.
Thermodynamics of Taub-NUT-AdS spacetimes
Authors: Liu Jun-Fei , Liu Hai-Shan
Published: May 2024

We apply the generalised Komar method proposed in [arXiv:2208.05494] to Taub-NUT-AdS spacetime in the theory of Einstein gravity plus a cosmological constant. Based on a generalised closed 2-form, we derive the total mass and NUT charge of the Taub-NUT-AdS spacetime. Together with other thermodynamic quantities calculated through standard method, we conform the first law and Smarr relation. Then, we consider charged AdS NUT spacetimes in Einstein–Maxwell theory with a cosmological constant, and show that the generalised Komar method works, too. We obtain all the thermodynamic quantities, and the first law and Smarr relation are checked to be satisfied automatically.
The type material in the David W. Mitchell myxomycete collection at the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
Authors: LADO CARLOS , WRIGLEY DE BASANTA DIANA
Published: May 2024

A study of the myxomycete (slime mould) type material in the David W. Mitchell collection, deposited at the K Fungarium of the Royal Botanic Garden Kew, is presented. His collection includes almost 8000 boxes with specimens of myxomycetes, slides, notebooks, and other materials. The search and organisation of the material preserved in Mitchell’s collection, reveal a total of 58 samples of type material (2 holotypes, 29 isotypes, 24 paratypes, 1 isolectotype, 1 syntype, and 1 cultotype). These include type material of 11 taxa authored or co-authored by Mitchell and 42 taxa received as exchange from colleagues. Information and images of the boxes, labels and/or slides of this type material, origin and conservation of the holotypes, and complementary data on these collections, are included. In addition, a list of the publications on myxomycetes of this author and a list of the nomenclatural proposals (new taxa or combinations) published by D.W. Mitchell, are provided.
Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for recognition of a new species of Kirschsteiniothelia, K. agumbensis and validation of five new combinations in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae
Authors: P. SRUTHI ONDEN , RAJESHKUMAR KUNHIRAMAN C. , M. GOWRAV SHIVAPURA , A. ANSIL PARAYELIL , K. ASHTAMOORTHY SREEJITH
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a new species of Kirschsteiniothelia from Agumbe in the central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. This new species differs from the allied species by its reduced to sessile conidiophores and cylindrical, straight to flexuous, coarsely verrucose to granulate to punctate, 18–41 euseptate elongated conidia. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data delineated K. agumbensis as a new lineage allied to Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata under the family Kirschsteiniotheliaceae. Furthermore, pairwise homoplasy index of phylogenetically closely related taxa also confirmed it as a new species.
Pholiotina sphagnicola sp. nov. (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) from Mongolia
Authors: BURENBAATAR G. , SONG HAN-BING , BAU TOLGOR
Published: May 2024

A new species Pholiotina sphagnicola sp. nov., was discovered in Mongolia. Its identification was based on phylogenetic analyses of combined nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), nuclear ribosomal DNA 28S subunit (nrLSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), as well as the morphological analyses. The species is characterized by a pileus ranging from hemispherical to convex, with indistinct striae on the margin. The ring is located above the stipe, and the upper sides crenulate-striate. Basidia, which resemble rabbit ears, are 2(1)-spored and have sterigmata ranging from 3 to 13 μm in length. Cheilocystidia are lageniform with a long neck and lanceolate shape; some may exhibit slight swelling at the apex.
Two new species of Infundibulicybe (Omphalinaceae, Agaricales) from northern China
Authors: ZHANG YU-XIN , MAO NING , LI TING , FAN LI
Published: May 2024

Infundibulicybe confusa sp. nov. and I. phaeocentralis sp. nov. were described based on specimens from Shanxi Province in northern China. Morphologically, I. phaeocentralis is similar to I. rufa but the latter is differentiated by its isolated phylogenetic position and varied colors of the basidiomata. Infundibulicybe confusa is similar to I. alkaliviolascens, but I. alkaliviolascens has a pileus that turns violet to purplish pink in KOH and long basidiospores. Our morphological and phylogenetic analyses supported the taxonomic position of the two new species in Infundibulicybe. Additionally, a key to the species of Infundibulicybe in Shanxi Province is provided.
New species of Argythamnia (Euphorbiaceae) restricted to Seasonal Forest of Brazil, with morphological and phylogenetic support
Authors: ORNELAS MÁRCIA MARTINS , KÜLKAMP JOSIMAR , SANTOS FRANCISCO DE ASSIS RIBEIRO DOS , CARNEIRO-TORRES DANIELA SANTOS
Published: May 2024

Argythamnia (Acalyphoideae, Euphorbiaceae) is a monophyletic genus with approximately 70 species exclusive to the New World, distributed from the southern United States to Patagonia. The greatest diversity of the genus occurs in southern North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The distribution of the genus is strongly related to seasonally dry vegetation, mainly in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests and Woodlands in the Neotropics. Based on morphological and phylogenetic data, here we describe the eleventh species of the genus for Brazil and the fourth for the state of Bahia, where the greatest diversity of the genus in the country is concentrated. We present a description, distribution map, illustration, table with the main diagnostic characters, preliminary conservation status, palynological data, as well as the phylogenetic position for the new species.
A new species of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) from the northwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: FIERRO-MINDA ALISSON , TOBAR FRANCISCO , CEVALLOS DANIELA , BURGESS KEVIN S. , PÉREZ ÁLVARO J.
Published: May 2024

Bomarea quitensis, a new endemic species from Pichincha Province, is described. Due to its long pedicels (11.0–12.5 cm), this new species belongs to B. subgenus Bomarea. Bomarea quitensis is related to B. longipes and B. crinita but differs from these species in leaf shape and size, number of flowers and colour of the sepals. Photos of all its structures and a distribution map are presented; additionally, the conservation status of B. quitensis is assessed.
Nomenclatural notes on Isodon glaucocalyx and segregation from Isodon japonicus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: T. S. ALAN , T. P. KRISHNARAJ , P. SUNOJKUMAR
Published: May 2024

The Isodon genus comprises 100 species and is predominantly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions throughout Asia. The current study highlights the necessity of addressing the nomenclatural problem concerning Isodon japonicus and Isodon glaucocalyx. In 1832, Bentham treated Scutellaria japonica as the synonym of Plectranthus coetsa. Consequently, in some Indian botanical literature, P. coetsa is referred to as P. japonicus. Later, P. coetsa along with S. japonica was included as synonyms of P. glaucocalyx var. japonicus and due to publication priority resulting in I. glaucocalyx being considered a variety of I. japonicus, even though they are distinct species.
Catalogue and identification key of the bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Palaearctic region
Authors: ASTAFUROVA YULIA V. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU.
Published: May 2024

Available information about bees of the genus Epeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Palaearctic region is summarized. Forty-eight species are currently known from this area. A new synonymy is proposed for Epeolus tsushimensis Cockerell, 1926=E. japonicus Bischoff, 1930, syn. nov. and a lectotype is designated for E. fallax Morawitz, 1872. The first illustrated key and an updated catalogue of all 48 species known from the Palaearctic region are provided. Brief information about the history of the study and distribution patterns of these сleptoparasitic bees is also included.
Bedazzled: a new, striking species of Corades from the outskirts of Quito questions our knowledge of Andean cloud forest butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: PYRCZ TOMASZ W. , BOYER PIERRE , PETIT JEAN-CLAUDE , GARLACZ RAFAŁ , GARLACZ KAMILA S. ZAJĄC- , ESPELAND MARIANNE , WILLMOTT KEITH R.
Published: May 2024

A new butterfly species in the genus Corades, C. yanacocha Pyrcz, Boyer & Petit sp. n., belonging to the diverse, predominantly Andean subtribe Pronophilina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), is described from the Yanacocha Reserve situated only a couple of kilometres west of Quito, Ecuador. This is an extremely surprising discovery in a region whose butterfly fauna was considered to be fairly well known, underlying the need to protect remnants of high elevation forests in such overpopulated regions of the Andes. Morphological characters, in particular male genitalia, indicate an affinity of C. yanacocha sp. n. with C. trimaculata from northern Peru. A preliminary molecular study using COI barcodes indicates, however, the widely distributed north Andean C. dymantis as the closest relative.
A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Hypolobocera Ortmann, 1897 from Colombia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae), including a key to the species of the genus distributed in Colombia
Authors: CAMPOS MARTHA R. , ALEXANDER MOISES
Published: May 2024

The genus Hypolobocera Ortmann, 1897, is represented by 38 species and is distributed in the south-western Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, including the twenty-two registered species for Colombia. We describe and illustrate a new species of Hypolobocera Ortmann, 1897 from the foothills of the Western Cordillera, Antioquia Department, Cauca River basin, Colombia, which increases in this country the number of Hypolobocera species to twenty-three. The species distribution of this genus covers an extensive area of the Colombian territory, including most of Colombia’s major river basins. We distinguished the new species from its congeners mainly by the third maxilliped, with an exopod that is 0.20 to 0.30 the length of ischium, and by the morphology of the first male gonopod, particularly by the shapes of the lateral and the mesial lobes and the outline of the apex. We include a key to species identification that uses the morphology of the first male gonopod.
A Decade of Gender Budgeting in Karnataka: A Preliminary Review
Authors: Pulikkamath Ashraf , Degaonkar Chaya
Published: May 2024

Understanding the necessity of gendering fiscal policies is a relatively new area in public finance research, which is now gaining momentum. The importance of gender differential impacts of the budgetary process is the highlight of the argument here, while a gender-mainstreamed society is the anticipated outcome. Based on the State gender-budget data of Karnataka (2007–2019), this article is an attempt to revisit the decade-long history of this exercise in the State. On the one hand, it attempts to reveal the good deeds of the practice in the State, and on the other hand, it highlights the lack of ‘gender concerns’ in the process. Using a framework given by Das, Thakur, and Sikdar (2006, Report of the gender budgeting study for West Bengal. Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability), this study applies a descriptive approach to review the process and magnitude of gender budgeting in Karnataka. The review reveals that the priorities of Karnataka’s gender budgets remain within the umbrella of ‘welfare approach’ that caters to practical gender needs, despite its institutionalisation and experience for a decade.
The Dialectics of Modernity and Tradition: A Decolonial Critique of the University’s Role in Shaping Social Consciousness
Authors: Omodan Bunmi Isaiah
Published: May 2024

Positioned at the intersection of reason and practical life, the study dissecs the university system’s dual role in upholding and contesting the hegemonic narratives of modernity. Through a dialectical analysis, the paper argues how universities have unconsciously perpetuated modern Western concepts of progress and rationality, often overshadowing traditional and indigenous ways of understanding. The article highlights the imperative for universities to undergo a decolonial transformation, integrating contemporary and traditional epistemologies in a dynamic synergy fostering a more encompassing and inclusive societal awareness. The article recommends that academic institutions actively integrate and value diverse epistemologies, challenging long-held Western-centric pedagogies for a more inclusive educational environment. Therefore, dissecting the nuanced interplay between modernity and tradition within universities, this study hopefully will contribute to a deeper understanding of decolonial processes in shaping more holistic and representative knowledge systems in academia.
From Choresmia to Cathay: A New Look at al-Bayrūnī’s Chronology
Authors: Blois Franc¸ois de
Published: May 2024

al-Bayrūnī’s Chronology of Ancient Nations is a famous work on calendars and historical chronology, written in the year 1000 of the Christian era. The present paper is the first investigation of the complicated textual history of the Chronology and an attempt to construct a stemma codicum. The investigation leads to some unexpected discoveries, among them the only known complete list of the twelve names of the animal cycle in the language of the Kitan (Liao) people.
Book review: Amanda Weidman, Brought to Life by the Voice: Playback Singing and Cultural Politics in South India
Authors: Sundar Pavitra
Published: May 2024

Amanda Weidman, Brought to Life by the Voice: Playback Singing and Cultural Politics in South India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2021, 270 pp., $34.95 (Paperback). ISBN: 9780520377066
Bone in the Womb: A Case Report of Endometrial Osseous Metaplasia
Authors: Somani Kavita , Singh Pretty , Joseph Diya , Poduval Sujatha
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Osseous metaplasia in the endometrium is a rare pathological condition characterised by the presence of mature bone, potentially leading to menorrhagia and infertility. The probable pathogenesis of this condition is metaplastic alterations in the endometrial stromal cells, leading to the formation of bony spicules. The gold standard for diagnosis of the condition remains histopathological examination, aided by radiological findings.

Methods:

This was a case report of a single case with evidence-based discussions. Informed consent was obtained.

Case report:

We present a case of a 26-year-old female with a previous lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) five years ago and an abortion, followed by dilation and curettage three years ago, presented with heavy menstrual bleeding. Trans-vaginal ultrasound revealed bright, highly echogenic and linear echo-reflective shadows in the endometrial cavity. The complete removal of bony spicules from the endometrium was done by hysteroscopy under sonographic guidance. On histology, a diagnosis of osseous metaplasia of the endometrium was given.

Conclusion:

The accuracy of the diagnosis is pivotal; it signifies a reversible factor contributing to infertility. Therefore, an accurate identification not only aids in appropriate treatment but also offers substantial relief and hope for those experiencing fertility challenges due to this condition.
Analgesia for Donor Hepatectomy: Recent Perspectives
Authors: Malik Ashish , Pal Atish
Published: May 2024

Background:

Donor hepatectomy is a complex surgical procedure associated with significant postoperative pain, which can impact both short-term recovery and long-term outcomes. Adequate pain management plays a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of the living liver donor and optimising their overall experience. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current practices and emerging strategies in analgesic management for donor hepatectomy.

Methodology:

To find relevant material, searches were conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. The evaluation took into consideration review articles, clinical trials, retrospective studies, observational studies, and case-control studies.

Results:

The conventional approach to pain control involves a multimodal strategy combining opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and regional anaesthesia techniques. However, concerns regarding opioid-related side effects and potential complications have prompted a re-evaluation of analgesic protocols. Alternative methods such as thoracic epidural analgesia, transversus abdominis plane blocks and continuous wound infusion systems have gained attention for their potential to minimise opioid requirements and enhance recovery. Recent advancements in the field of pain management, including the utilisation of enhanced recovery, after surgery protocols, personalised analgesic regimens, and novel pharmaceutical agents, are explored in this review. Additionally, the impact of psychological factors and patient-centred care on postoperative pain experiences is discussed.

Conclusion:

The review concludes by emphasising the importance of tailoring analgesic strategies to individual patient needs and characteristics. It highlights the potential benefits of incorporating innovative approaches to enhance pain control, reduce opioid consumption and ultimately improve the overall outcome and satisfaction of living liver donors undergoing hepatectomy. Future directions in research and clinical practice are also suggested to further refine and optimise analgesic management in the context of donor hepatectomy.
Current Medical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Narrative Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep cause obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Patients with OSA, a serious clinical condition, frequently halt or reduce their breathing while they are asleep. This results in non-restful, fragmented sleep, which exacerbates symptoms such as morning headaches and drowsiness during the day.

Aims and objectives:

This review article focuses only on the current medical treatment of OSA. It will also catalyse further study and better awareness of the current medical treatment of OSA.

Materials and methods:

A search was conducted for recent research articles on current medical treatment for OSA. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Medline and Google Scholar online databases.

Results:

Heart arrhythmias, depression, hypertension and coronary artery disease are among the medical disorders linked to OSA. Clinical symptoms that are predictive include obesity, enlarged neck circumferences, gasping when sleeping and loud snoring. Those who are obese, hypertensive, frequent snorers and hyper-somnolent should be suspected of having OSA. An essential test for accurately diagnosing OSA is overnight polysomnography.

Conclusion:

As OSA is a chronic illness, a long-term, interdisciplinary strategy is required. The first step in managing OSA is patient education. For treatment of OSA, lifestyle changes including losing weight, switching to a different sleeping position, abstaining from alcohol and using certain drugs are crucial. When treating OSA, positive airway pressure is a crucial choice. Since OSA affects both the person and society as a whole, further investigation is needed to find novel treatment approaches for this morbid clinical condition.