bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The associations between life events and person‐centered personality consistency
Authors: Wright Amanda J. , Jackson Joshua J.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Few environments reliably influence mean‐level and rank‐order changes in personality—perhaps because personality development needs to be examined through an individualized, person‐centered lens.

Methods

The current study used Bayesian multilevel linear models to examine the association between 16 life events and changes in person‐centered, Big Five personality consistency across 4 to 10 waves of data using four datasets (N = 24,491).

Results

Selection effects were found for events such as marriage, (un)employment, retirement, and volunteering, whereas between‐person effects for slopes were found for events such as beginning formal education, employment, and retirement. Within‐person changes were often small and emerged inconsistently across datasets but, when present, were brief and negative in direction, suggesting life events can serve as a short‐term disruption to the personality system. However, there were many individual differences around event‐related trajectories.

Conclusion

Our results highlight that the effects of life events depend on how personality and its changes are quantified—with these findings underscoring the utility of a person‐centered approach as it can capture the full range of these idiosyncrasies. Overall, these findings suggest that life events are associated with a range of idiosyncratic effects and can serve as a short‐term, destabilizing shock to one's personality system.
Leveillula taurica causing powdery mildew of chickpea in Brazil
Authors: Borges Rafaela C. F. , Santos Maria D. M. , Veloso Josiene S. , Fonseca Maria Esther N. , Boiteux Leonardo S. , Nascimento Warley M. , Reis Ailton
Published: December 2022

A novel powdery mildew disease was observed on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. The morphological features of fungal colonies and conidia were in agreement with those typical for the genus Leveillula. The total DNA of three field‐collected samples were used as template in PCR assays with the pair of primer PMITS1 and PMITS2, targeting the internal transcribed space (ITS) region of Erysiphales isolates. Amplicons were Sanger sequenced and their BLAST analysis revealed 100% identity with a large number of L. taurica (lato sensu, Clade 1) isolates from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pathogen identification. Equivalent symptoms were observed on chickpea seedlings after controlled inoculation, fulfilling the Koch's postulates. Leveillula taurica (lato sensu, Clade 1) isolates have been reported infecting Fabaceae hosts worldwide, including chickpeas in North America, Africa and Asia. However, this is the first record of L. taurica infecting this crop in Brazil and South America.
Formation and shock impact history of the Csatalja ordinary chondrite
Authors: Gyollai Ildiko , Kereszturi Ákos , Chatzitheodoridis Elias , Kereszty Zsolt , Szabó Máté , Király Csilla , Szalai Zoltan
Published: December 2022

The analysis of the Csatalja H4 chondrite (which was found in August 2012) suggests shock‐related textures and spatial inhomogeneities, indicating a complex geological history. In the most heavily fractured and sheared units, small opaque grains and older fractures have locally enhanced the shock effect, producing melt. While the impact textures were evident in most units of the meteorite, mechanical shearing is apparent in only two units, suggesting that these units might have been present at somewhat different locations inside the parent body. Shearing also occurred at the border of the so‐called xenolith unit, confirming its mechanical mixing with the other units. Besides fragmentation and melting, chemical changes due to impact have also been identified, producing compositional homogenization of olivines in 30% of the investigated area of the sample's thin section (23 mm2), and moderate accumulation of Fe, Ca, and Na in the strongly shocked zones, initiating crystallization of feldspar in veins with a specific spatial distribution (feldspar glass with metal–sulfide globules). Analyzing the high P–T minerals, the peak shock pressure and temperature values differed substantially in the various units, ranging between 2 and 17 GPa, 100 and >1200 °C. The xenolith unit crystallized more slowly after the impact event and does not show shock impact alterations, suggesting that it was formed in a deeper region of the parent body. This was later shifted to its current surroundings and was lithified (fixed) to the rest of the sample. This “randomly selected” Csatalja sample provides information on the range of the formation temperatures, pressures, and processes that contributed to the heterogeneity of meteorites at the mm spatial scale, in general. The identified heterogeneity is a result not purely of the shock effects but also of the different pre‐shock structural characteristics. The shock also mixed fragments mechanically that have been formed at different environments, with at least several dozens or even 100 m depth in the parent body.
Divergent unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in two highly related model pseudomonads
Authors: Dong Huijuan , Wang Haihong , Cronan John E.
Published: December 2022

The genomes of the best‐studied pseudomonads, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida, which share 85% of the predicted coding regions, contain a fabA fabB operon (demonstrated in P. aeruginosa, putative in P. putida). The enzymes encoded by the fabA and fabB genes catalyze the introduction of a double bond into a 10‐carbon precursor which is elongated to the 16:1Δ9 and 18:1Δ11 unsaturated fatty acyl chains required for functional membrane phospholipids. A detailed analysis of transcription of the P. putida fabA fabB gene cluster showed that fabA and fabB constitute an operon and disclosed an unexpected and essential fabB promoter located within the fabA coding sequence. Inactivation of the fabA fabB operon fails to halt the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 but blocks growth of P. putida F1 unless an exogenous unsaturated fatty acid is provided. We report that the asymmetry between these two species is due to the P. aeruginosa PAO1 desA gene which encodes a fatty acid desaturase that introduces double bonds into the 16‐carbon acyl chains of membrane phospholipids. Although P. putida F1 encodes a putative DesA homolog that is 84% identical to the P. aeruginosa PAO1, the protein fails to provide sufficient unsaturated fatty acid synthesis for growth when the FabA FabB pathway is inactivated. We report that the P. putida F1 DesA homolog can functionally replace the P. aeruginosa DesA. Hence, the defect in P. putida F1 desaturation is not due to a defective P. putida F1 DesA protein but probably to a weakly active component of the electron transfer process.
The humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mouse exhibits cerebellar atrophy and movement impairment reminiscent of ataxia
Authors: Milosavljević Filip , Brusini Irene , Atanasov Andrea , Manojlović Marina , Vučić Marija , Oreščanin‐Dušić Zorana , Brkljačić Jelena , Miljević Čedo , Nikolić‐Kokić Aleksandra , Blagojević Duško , Wang Chunliang , Damberg Peter , Pešić Vesna , Tyndale Rachel F. , Ingelman‐Sundberg Magnus , Jukić Marin M.
Published: December 2022

Aims

CYP2C19 transgenic mouse expresses the human CYP2C19 gene in the liver and developing brain, and it exhibits altered neurodevelopment associated with impairments in emotionality and locomotion. Because the validation of new animal models is essential for the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of movement disorders, the objective was to characterise motoric phenotype in CYP2C19 transgenic mice and to investigate its validity as a new animal model of ataxia.

Methods

The rotarod, paw‐print and beam‐walking tests were utilised to characterise the motoric phenotype. The volumes of 20 brain regions in CYP2C19 transgenic and wild‐type mice were quantified by 9.4T gadolinium‐enhanced post‐mortem structural neuroimaging. Antioxidative enzymatic activity was quantified biochemically. Dopaminergic alterations were characterised by chromatographic quantification of concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites and by subsequent immunohistochemical analyses. The beam‐walking test was repeated after the treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists ecopipam and raclopride.

Results

CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit abnormal, unilateral ataxia‐like gait, clasping reflex and 5.6‐fold more paw‐slips in the beam‐walking test; the motoric phenotype was more pronounced in youth. Transgenic mice exhibited a profound reduction of 12% in cerebellar volume and a moderate reduction of 4% in hippocampal volume; both regions exhibited an increased antioxidative enzyme activity. CYP2C19 mice were hyperdopaminergic; however, the motoric impairment was not ameliorated by dopamine receptor antagonists, and there was no alteration in the number of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in CYP2C19 mice.

Conclusions

Humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit altered gait and functional motoric impairments; this phenotype is likely caused by an aberrant cerebellar development.
Bromus kashmirensis (Poaceae), a new species from Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Yadav Rekha , Prasad Dileshwar , Jaiswal Shubham , Tripathi Shailja , Madhukar Virendra K. , Agnihotri Priyanka
Published: December 2022

Bromus kashmirensis, a new species of Bromus (Poaceae) from western Himalaya in Baramulla district of Kashmir Himalaya, India, is described and illustrated here. The new species is similar to B. ramosus and B. benekenii but differs in morphological characters of leaf sheath, ligule, lemma and anthers. Data on distribution, habitat and phenology is given along with photo plates and illustrations.
Pre‐infection of tomato plants carrying the Sw‐5 gene with tomato chlorosis virus did not alter infection with groundnut ringspot virus in the field
Authors: Kraide Heron Delgado , Hasegawa Jorge Massaki , Barbosa Julio Cesar , Camelo‐García Viviana Marcela , Favara Gabriel Madoglio , de Oliveira Felipe Franco , Ferro Camila Geovana , Carmo Eike Yudi Nishimura , Lima Élison Fabrício Bezerra , Bergamin Filho Armando , Rezende Jorge Alberto Marques
Published: December 2022

Tomato crops are affected by various viral diseases. In Brazil, the most frequent of these diseases are caused by the begomovirus tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and orthotospoviruses, mainly groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) and tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). Mixed infections can result in synergistic interactions and, in some cases, the breakdown of resistance, as previously reported for the interaction between ToCV and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato plants carrying the Sw‐5 orthotospovirus‐resistance gene. This study evaluated the interaction between ToCV and the orthotospoviruses GRSV, TCSV and TSWV in tomato plants carrying the Sw‐5 gene, as well as the attractiveness of ToCV‐infected tomato plants to thrips in the field. Greenhouse assays demonstrated that the resistance to infection with GRSV and TCSV was overcome in 17% of the tomato plants previously infected with ToCV. In contrast, ToCV‐pre‐infected plants remained resistant to TSWV. Under field conditions, the incidence of orthotospoviruses was low in resistant tomato cultivars, even with a high incidence of ToCV‐infected tomato plants, indicating the effectiveness of the Sw‐5 gene. ToCV pre‐infection of tomato plants did not influence their attractiveness to thrips. In conclusion, pre‐infection with ToCV did not influence the effectiveness of the Sw‐5 resistance gene against GRSV under field conditions.
Rising top‐income persistence in Australia: Evidence from income tax data
Authors: Hérault Nicolas , Hyslop Dean , Jenkins Stephen P. , Wilkins Roger
Published: December 2022

Using income tax administrative data for Australia, we examine levels and trends in the persistence in top‐income group membership, focusing on the top 1 percent. Top‐income persistence increased markedly between 1991 and 2018, with most of the increase occurring in the mid‐2000s and early 2010s. In the mid‐ to late‐2010s, Australian top‐income persistence rates were near the top of the range of tax‐data estimates for other countries. We decompose the increase into factors associated with (i) changes in the composition of the top‐income group and (ii) increases in persistence rates for specific population subgroups. We find that the rise in top‐income persistence is accounted for by changes in subgroup persistence rates, notably for individuals aged 35–64, and especially those aged 55–64. We suggest that these effects are partially related to increases in the effective retirement age over the relevant period.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA detection in Polish blood donors and likely transmissions through blood components during the 2017–2019 epidemic
Authors: Sulkowska Ewa , Masny Aleksander , Kalińska Aleksandra , Kopacz Aneta , Kubicka‐Russel Dorota , Marek Maciej , Parczewski Miłosz , Radłowski Dariusz , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Trzcińska Agnieszka , Łetowska Magdalena , Grabarczyk Piotr ,   the Group of Polish Blood Transfusion Centers for blood borne pathogens
Published: December 2022

Background

In Poland, hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA screening was performed in plasma for fractionation usually immediately before shipment.

Objective

Our goal was to study epidemiology, rate of transfusion transmitted HAV during epidemic (2017–2019), and viral characteristics of infected plasma donors.

Study Design and Methods

HAV RNA was tested in 1,866,590 donations from 1,210,423 donors using RT‐PCR in mini pools of 96 (MP96) or TMA in MP16. Virological characteristics included RNA level (RL), antibody testing, and sequencing.

Results

Twenty‐one HAV infections were identified (1.13/100,000 donations; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.74–1.72) and (1.73/100,000 donors; 95% CI: 1.35–2.65). The Blood Transfusion Centers were also informed about three donors, who were hospitalized for hepatitis A soon after their blood donation. In addition, we identified a donor, who had reactive result for HAV after receiving HAV vaccination. He tested positive twice 10 days after receiving the first and the second dose.

The highest RL was 16 million IU/ml, mean 1,706,905 IU/ml, and median 220 IU/ml. The longest detectable RL lasted for 113 days. HAV‐infected donors were seronegative (36%) or IgM positive (64%).

We followed up on 12 HAV contaminated blood components issued for transfusion. In two out of seven identified patients viral transmission was confirmed (28.6%).

Conclusion

Based on our results, we propose a 6 month deferral after HAV infection and 14 days post HAV vaccination. The infectivity rate was below 30%. The HAV RNA testing could be considered as an additional safeguard against HAV transmission at the time of increased incidence of HAV infections in the general population.
Description of a novel ultrasound‐guided percutaneous dilatational esophagostomy tube placement in dog cadavers
Authors: Liao Pen‐Ting , Lawson Corinne M. , Zellner Eric
Published: December 2022

Background

Nutritional support has become an essential part of modern veterinary medicine. Among different techniques, esophagostomy tubes have been used extensively in dogs and cats. However, general anesthesia is typically required due to the critical step of passing an instrument orally to allow identification of the esophagus in the midcervical region. Therefore, clinicians commonly face a conundrum of poor general anesthesia candidacy for those who need an esophagostomy tube placed. Additionally, esophagostomy tubes are not a viable option for patients that have difficulty opening their mouth. Ideally, a technique that circumvents the step of passing an instrument orally would be developed.

Key Findings

We report the successful development of a novel technique for esophagostomy tube placement using ultrasound guidance and serial percutaneous dilatation of the stoma in canine cadavers. Ultrasound guidance allowed for identification and avoidance of several vital structures in the cervical region.

Significance

This is the first report of an esophagostomy tube placement technique that circumvents the step of passing any instrument orally to identify the esophagus in the midcervical region. Future studies are warranted to determine if this technique can be performed in live dogs.
A Method for Determining Unsteady-State Heat Transfer by Means of an Electrical Analogy
Authors: Paschkis Victor , Baker H. D.
Published: December 2022

The known methods for solving unsteady-state or transient-heat-flow problems in solids are reviewed. The method of solution by means of an electric model is explained. A proof experiment is described. Finally, a permanent model, constructed at Columbia University, is described.
Vaporization Inside Horizontal Tubes—II Benzene-Oil Mixtures
Authors: McAdams W. H. , Woods W. K. , Heroman L. C.
Published: December 2022

This paper reports an investigation carried out to determine heat-transfer coefficients and pressure drops for mixtures of benzene and lubricating oil flowing inside a heated horizontal tube, and also includes an analysis of the pressure drops for the runs previously reported (1) for the flow of benzene and of water. The present data cover the following ranges: Velocity, 0.4 to 1.0 fps at the inlet and 16 to 200 fps at the outlet; feed composition, 13 to 94 weight per cent benzene; gage steam pressures, 2 to 120 psi; product compositions, 4 to 76 weight per cent benzene; total pressure drops, 1 to 12 psi. Average over-all coefficients of heat transfer, in Btu per hr per sq ft per deg F, range from 40 to 140 in the preheating section, and 45 to 470 in the boiling section. For a given feed composition the average coefficients per pass in the boiling section increase as vaporization progresses, but pass through a maximum and decrease due to depletion of volatile solvent in the liquid phase. When the same data are grouped by composition of the liquid phase, rather than that of the feed, curves are obtained which are very similar to those obtained for pure liquids.
Combustion of Pulverized Fuel—Mechanism and Rate of Combustion of Low-Density Fractions of Certain Bituminous Coals
Authors: Orning A. A.
Published: December 2022

In the course of the investigation reported in this paper, individual particles of burning coal were studied, using all convenient means of observing the burning process and examining the residues which might be obtained. Using Pittsburgh seam coal and Pocahontas No. 3 seam coal, it was found that the particles were blown into cenospheres before they ignited. The exposures just required to make an impression on the photographic film were used to estimate the temperature history of individual particles. With the available furnace temperatures, less than 1000 C, the degree of combustion depended upon the ability of the particles to maintain themselves above about 1400 C. The degree of combustion increased with increasing furnace temperature in the region where the cenospheres were formed. Photographs of partially burned cenospheres and data on the relation of particle size to burning time were obtained.
The Application of Cathodic Protection for Corrosion Prevention
Authors: Sullivan R. J.
Published: December 2022

The application of cathodic protection for the prevention of corrosion, either as the primary protective agent or in conjunction with external coatings, has been successfully and economically utilized on a variety of types of buried or submerged metal structures. This paper presents a short review of the subject of corrosion in general. However, it is devoted principally to the practical application of cathodic protection to numerous metallic structures. Sections are included covering the various types of equipment, the method of testing and keeping records in checking the operation of cathodic-protection installations, ground beds, preliminary survey methods, and illustrated descriptions of certain installations, such as pipe lines and oil-storage-tank farms.
Effect of a Reduced Oil Flow Rate on the Static and Dynamic Performance of a Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Running in Both the Flooded and Evacuated Conditions
Authors: San Andrés Luis , Alcantar Andy
Published: December 2022

The mechanical efficiency of rotating machinery improves as drag power losses in bearings reduce; hence, an operation mode that reduces the supplied flow brings immediate benefits. The paper presents measurements of the static and dynamic load performance conducted with a tilting pad journal bearing configured as flooded and evacuated, and supplied with flow rates from 150% to ∼25% (or lesser) of a nominal magnitude, proportional to shaft speed. The lubricant is ISO VG 46 oil supplied at 60 °C. The four pads bearing has center pivots with single orifice feeds for the flooded condition and spray bar injection for the evacuated condition. The shaft, 102 mm in diameter, operates at two speeds, 6 and 12 krpm (= 64 m/s surface speed), while a static load is applied between pads (LBP). The specific loads equal 345, 1034, and 2068 kPa. A reduction in flowrate makes both bearings operate more eccentrically. The evacuated bearing operates at a larger eccentricity, which for the lowest flowrate does not align with the direction of the applied load, hence displaying a sizable attitude angle. Pad subsurface temperatures are similar for both bearing configurations, although the evacuated bearing is colder by a few degrees Celsius. Drag power losses derived from the oil exit temperatures show the evacuated bearing produces up to ∼40% lesser power loss than the flooded bearing for a nominal oil flowrate. The bearings direct stiffnesses, Kxx and Kyy, increase with applied load and show little dependency on shaft speed. The evacuated bearing has lower magnitude stiffnesses, 20% or so lesser, than the flooded bearing. Damping coefficients, Cxx ∼ Cyy, reduce in magnitude as the flowrate decreases. In particular for low flow rates, 35% or lower, the evacuated bearing shows rather small (though highly uncertain) damping coefficients. For sufficiently small flow rates, operation at 6 krpm shaft speed and under the smallest applied unit load (345 kPa) produced subsynchronous shaft vibrations with a broad band spectrum (subsynchronous shaft vibrations (SSV) hash). The evacuated bearing produced SSV hash at flow rates equal to 30% or so of nominal, while the flooded bearing demanded very low flow rates (∼15% and lesser of nominal) to produce SSV hash. For both bearings, the SSV amplitude motions were rather small in amplitude. The experimental campaign demonstrates that tilting pad bearings (flooded and evacuated) can safely operate with a reduced flowrate (50% or so of nominal) to produce significant savings in drag power losses and without significant effect on the pads' metal temperatures that could affect the bearing long-term operation.
Vocal repertoire and sound characteristics in the variegated cardinalfish, Fowleria variegata (Pisces: Apogonidae)
Authors: Chang Hai-Jin , Mok Hin-Kiu , Fine Michael L. , Soong Keryea , Chen Yu-Yun , Chen Te-Yu
Published: December 2022

The variegated cardinalfish Fowleria variegata produces grunt and hoot calls during agonistic and courtship interactions. Both sounds are tonal and occur as single and multiunit calls. Grunts are of short duration with variable frequency spectra. Hoots are longer, have a higher fundamental frequency, and a more developed harmonic structure. Agonistic grunt calls and short hoot calls (1–2 hoots) are produced during chases and when striking an individual or a mirror. Grunts are produced primarily in male-female and mirror-image encounters, and short hoot calls are produced primarily in male-male interactions. During the reproductive period, long hoot calls (three and four hoots) are the main sound type in a mix-sexed tank and at Dongsha Atoll. These are likely produced by males because isolated females are silent, and isolated males emit long hoot calls. Courtship interactions are mostly silent, and males are silent after capturing eggs for oral brooding. Tank sounds peak at dusk to early evening with a smaller peak at noon, although there are dusk and dawn peaks at Dongsha Atoll. Tank sounds exhibit a semilunar rhythm with peaks at the new and full moon. Other cardinalfish species from the atoll produce grunts but not hoot calls.
Tank acoustics substantially distort broadband sounds produced by marine crustaceans
Authors: Jézéquel Youenn , Bonnel Julien , Aoki Nadège , Mooney T. Aran
Published: December 2022

Marine crustaceans produce broadband sounds that have been mostly characterized in tanks. While tank physical impacts on such signals are documented in the acoustic community, they are overlooked in the bioacoustic literature with limited empirical comparisons. Here, we compared broadband sounds produced at 1 m from spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) in both tank and in situ conditions. We found significant differences in all sound features (temporal, power, and spectral) between tank and in situ recordings, highlighting that broadband sounds, such as those produced by marine crustaceans, cannot be accurately characterized in tanks. We then explained the three main physical impacts that distort broadband sounds in tanks, respectively known as resonant frequencies, sound reverberation, and low frequency attenuation. Tank resonant frequencies strongly distort the spectral shape of broadband sounds. In the high frequency band (above the tank minimum resonant frequency), reverberation increases sound duration. In the low frequency band (below the tank minimum resonant frequency), low frequencies are highly attenuated due to their longer wavelength compared to the tank size and tank wall boundary conditions (zero pressure) that prevent them from being accurately measured. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of understanding tank physical impacts when characterizing broadband crustacean sounds.
The Effects of the Mulligan Concept on Adults With Lateral Epicondylalgia Compared With Traditional Physiotherapy: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Santiago Shayane , Syeda Moni , Bartholomew Jason , Baker Russell T.
Published: December 2022

Focused Clinical Question: What are the effects of the Mulligan Concept combined with traditional physiotherapy on lateral elbow pain and grip strength in adults with lateral epicondylalgia (LE) compared with traditional physiotherapy? Clinical Bottom Line: Grade B evidence supports positive effects of the Mulligan Concept combined with traditional physiotherapy on LE compared with traditional physiotherapy alone. However, the effects of the Mulligan Concept as a standalone intervention in the treatment of LE are not well known. Therefore, additional research is warranted to determine the individual effects of the Mulligan Concept compared with its use in a comprehensive rehabilitation protocol to treat LE in adults.
MicroRNAs Contribute to Host Response to
Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Sachan Madhur , Brann Katelynn R. , Fullerton Marissa S. , Voth Daniel E. , Raghavan Rahul
Published: December 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, are critical to gene regulation in eukaryotes. They are involved in modulating a variety of physiological processes, including the host response to intracellular infections.
Exploring the Interspecific Interactions and the Metabolome of the Soil Isolate Hylemonella gracilis
Authors: Tyc Olaf , Kulkarni Purva , Ossowicki Adam , Tracanna Vittorio , Medema Marnix H. , van Baarlen Peter , van IJcken W. F. J. , Verhoeven Koen J. F. , Garbeva Paolina
Published: December 2022

Analysis of aquatic microbial communities revealed that parts of its diversity consist of bacteria with cell sizes of ~0.1 μm. Such bacteria can show genomic reductions and metabolic dependencies with other bacteria.
The Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen Klebsiella michiganensis
:
Genetic Analysis of a KPC-3 Producing Strain Isolated from Venus Clam
Authors: Simoni Serena , Leoni Francesca , Veschetti Laura , Malerba Giovanni , Carelli Maria , Lleò Maria M. , Brenciani Andrea , Morroni Gianluca , Giovanetti Eleonora , Rocchegiani Elena , Barchiesi Francesca , Vignaroli Carla
Published: December 2022

Klebsiella michiganensis
is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, and, so far, few studies describe isolates of clinical origin in the environment. This study contributes to the understanding of how the dissemination of carbapenem-resistance outside the hospital setting may be related to the circulation of pKpQIL-like plasmids that are derived from epidemic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains.
Intense metamorphism-generated radiogenic Sr regulated Cenozoic water Sr isotope evolution on the NE Tibetan Plateau: A perspective on Qilian orogen denudation and Asian eolian transport
Authors: Yang Yibo , Galy Albert , Yang Rongsheng , Liu Yudong , Zhang Weilin , Ruan Xiaobai , Fang Xiaomin , Jin Zhangdong , Song Bowen , Yan Maodu , Zhang Guibin , Cao Kai , Shen Tianyi , Mao Ziqiang , Wu Fuli , Zhang Fei
Published: December 2022

The India-Asia collision reactivated the early Paleozoic Qilian orogen with an intense metamorphic belt that promoted the release of metamorphism-generated radiogenic Sr into the drainage systems on the NE Tibetan Plateau. This metamorphic impact on the regional dissolved Sr cycle is well observed at the recent−modern scale, but its onset and evolutionary histories are unclear. We present the first basin-scale 52−5 Ma regional dissolved Sr isotopic record in water on the NE Tibetan Plateau by analyzing well-dated basin fluvial-lacustrine sediments in the Xining, Linxia, and Tianshui Basins. The Xining Basin displays an increase in basin water 87Sr/86Sr ratio and a decrease in the sediment εNd values at ca. 25 Ma. This Sr-Nd isotope-deduced provenance change coincides with the reorganization of drainage and erosion regimes that is suggested by an evident rise in the youngest peak and the lag time of detrital apatite fission-track ages from Cenozoic sedimentary basins surrounding the Qilian orogen. The Qilian-sourced eolian dust during ca. 9−8 Ma significantly elevated the river and lake water 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the downwind Linxia and Tianshui Basins, which is consistent with the expansion of the Asian dust system. Our results suggest that large-scale denudation of the Qilian orogen in response to the India-Asia collision initiated in the late Oligocene. Given the remarkable hydrological impact of the Cenozoic reactivation of the Qilian orogen, our study highlights the potentially important role of continental collision−formed metamorphic belts in regulating past regional and even seawater Sr isotope evolution.
Tectonically controlled drainage fragmentation in the southwestern Great Basin, USA
Authors: Lutz B.M. , Knott J.R. , Phillips F.M. , Heizler M.T. , Heitkamp, Jr. K.A. , Griffie E.L. , Axen G.A. , Calzia J.P.
Published: December 2022

The area now occupied by the Great Basin, western USA, contained paleo-fluvial systems that predated the modern-day endorheic (closed) basins. The areal extent of these paleo-fluvial systems within the southwestern Great Basin is known mainly from isolated remnants preserved in the modern mountain ranges. We document the age, extent, and tectonic disruption of Mio-Pliocene fluvial systems of the southwestern Great Basin. Synthesis of new field observations, geochemistry, and geochronology with existing studies defines two latest Miocene to Pliocene east-southeast flowing drainages that predated the modern endorheic basins. The drainage network was ultimately fragmented in Pliocene time (ca. 3.5-4 Ma). Fragmentation of the drainage network led to lake formation, drying of lakes, and the formation of isolated springs. The rapid environmental changes initiated by faulting and volcanism isolated previously interbreeding populations of spring-dwelling taxa and have caused divergent evolution since Pliocene time. Modern endemism within the region’s springs is thus a direct consequence of intraplate tectonism.
Late Miocene to recent tectonic evolution of the Macquarie Triple Junction
Authors: Gasperini Luca , Ligi Marco , Accettella Daniela , Bosman Alessandro , Cuffaro Marco , Lodolo Emanuele , Martorelli Eleonora , Muccini Filippo , Palmiotto Camilla , Polonia Alina
Published: December 2022

The Pacific, Antarctic, and Macquarie lithospheric plates diverge from the Macquarie Triple Junction (MTJ) in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, south of Macquarie Island. Morphobathymetric, magnetic, and gravity data have been used to understand the evolution of the three accretionary/transform boundaries that meet at the MTJ. Plate velocities, estimated near the MTJ and averaged over the past 3 m.y., indicate an unstable ridge–fault–fault triple junction. The long life (>6 m.y.) of this configuration can be attributed to a rapid increase in spreading asymmetry along the Southeast Indian Ridge segment as it approaches the MTJ, and to transtension along the southernmost strand of the Macquarie–Pacific transform boundary. A major change in plate motion triggered the development of the Macquarie plate at ca. 6 Ma and makes clear the recent evolution of the MTJ, including (1) shortening of the Southeast Indian Ridge segment; (2) formation of the westernmost Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, which increased its length over time; and (3) lengthening of the two transform boundaries converging in the MTJ. The clockwise change of the Pacific-Antarctic motion (ca. 12–10 Ma) led to complex geodynamic evolution of the plate boundary to the east of the triple junction, with fragmentation of the long-offset Emerald transform fault and its replacement over a short time interval (1–2 m.y.) with closely spaced, highly variable transform offsets that were joined by short ridge segments with time-varying asymmetries in the spreading rates.
Erratum to: Synthesis and Chemoresistive Properties of Single-Layer MXene Ti2CTx
Authors: Simonenko E. P. , Simonenko N. P. , Nagornov I. A. , Simonenko T. L. , Gorobtsov Ph. Yu. , Mokrushin A. S. , Kuznetsov N. T.
Published: December 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023622330026
Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke with distal medium vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Loh Enver De Wei , Toh Keith Zhi Xian , Kwok Gabriel Yi Ren , Teo Yao Hao , Teo Yao Neng , Goh Claire , Syn Nicholas L , Ho Andrew Fu-Wah , Sia Ching-Hui , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Tan Benjamin YQ , Yeo Leonard LL
Published: December 2022

Aims

Endovascular therapy (EVT) for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) is a potential frontier of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment, but its efficacy against best medical therapy (BMT) remains unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of EVT versus BMT in primary DMVO.

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase, from inception to August 14, 2022, for studies comparing EVT with BMT in DMVO-AIS. We adopted the Distal Thrombectomy Summit Group’s definition of DMVO. Efficacy outcomes were functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) and excellent functional outcomes (90-day mRS 0–1). Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day mortality.

Results

Fourteen observational and two randomized-controlled studies were included, with 1202 patients receiving EVT and 1267 receiving BMT. After trim-and-fill correction, EVT achieved significantly better odds of functional independence than BMT (adjusted OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.43). There were no significant differences in overall excellent functional outcomes (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.71), sICH (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.66), and mortality (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.45). Stratified by EVT method, mechanical thrombectomy±intra-arterial thrombolysis achieved more excellent functional outcomes than BMT (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.23). In mild strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6), EVT caused significantly more sICH (OR 6.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 25.64).

Conclusions

EVT shows promising efficacy benefit over BMT for primary DMVO-AIS. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EVT in DMVO-AIS.
Comparative Analysis of Correlation and Kaplan–Yorke Dimensions for Discrete-Time Fractional Systems
Authors: Ma Li , Huang Changbao
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate the discrete-time fractional systems from the following aspects. First, the discrete-time fractional unified system in Caputo sense is established with the help of Euler’s discretization method. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of the discrete-time fractional Lü system (DFLS) which is deemed as a representative for unified system are observed. Then, the correlation dimension ([Formula: see text]) and Kaplan–Yorke dimension ([Formula: see text]) of the DFLS are evaluated by the aid of Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm and the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, respectively. Finally, the intrinsic connections between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are analyzed by the statistical modeling idea when the DFLS is in chaotic vibrations. The main results show that [Formula: see text] shares a positive correlation with [Formula: see text] for the chaotic DFLS, while the differences between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are not only related to the ratio of the largest and smallest Lyapunov exponents, but also closely tied up with the fractional order [Formula: see text] itself.
Dynamics of a Discrete Lotka–Volterra Information Diffusion Model
Authors: Li Mingshan , Xie Naiming , Zhang Ran , Huang Xiaojun
Published: December 2022

To explore the process of online social network information interaction, in this paper, we analyze the dynamics of a discrete Lotka–Volterra information diffusion model. Using the center manifold theorem, the conditions for transcritical bifurcation and flip bifurcation are obtained. With the help of approximation by a flow and Picard iteration, we explore the qualitative structures and stability of degenerate fixed point of the model with eigenvalues [Formula: see text]. What’s interesting is that our results reveal a new and complex qualitative structure for fixed point, which are different from the previous reports and called degenerate saddle point. Additionally, the qualitative structures provide a new idea for investigation the stability of degenerate fixed point. Meanwhile, near the maximum user density, the dynamic results of degenerate fixed point indicate that if the intervention rate is greater than the inverse of the maximum user density, then the higher user density decreases, the lower user density increases when intrinsic growth rates are small (between 0 and 2). However, when the intrinsic growth rate is greater than 2, the high user density will continue to increase until it approaches the maximum user density indefinitely, while the small user density will approach 0, which provide us with new insights into information diffusion. Finally, we show the results of the model by numerical simulations, and the characteristics of information diffusion near the degenerate fixed point are predicted by theoretical analysis.
Homoclinic Chaos in a Four-Dimensional Manifold Piecewise Linear System
Authors: Huang Qiu , Liu Yongjian , Li Chunbiao , Liu Aimin
Published: December 2022

The existence of homoclinic orbits is discussed analytically for a class of four-dimensional manifold piecewise linear systems with one switching manifold. An interesting phenomenon is found, that is, under the same parameter setting, homoclinic orbits and chaos appear simultaneously in the system. In addition, homoclinic chaos can be suppressed to a periodic orbit by adding a nonlinear control switch with memory. These theoretical results are illustrated with numerical simulations.
Parallel Subdomain Synthesis of Cell Mapping for Capturing Global Invariant Sets in Higher-Dimensional Dynamical Systems
Authors: Li Zigang , Kang Jiaqi , Jiang Jun , Hong Ling
Published: December 2022

Unaffordable computational cost and memory storage induced by the curse of dimensionality has become the bottleneck of numerical methods in different fields. In the global analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems, the capability of numerical methods, like cell mapping methods, are mostly feasible only to a system dimension less than four. Although cell mappings are naturally parallelizable that may be used to greatly enhance the computational efficiency, it is still not enough to release the computational burden on a higher-dimensional system of greater than seven, not to mention the memory in dealing with millions of billion cells. In this paper, the subdomain synthesis method, which partitions the chosen region in state space into subdomains suitable for operating in a computational unit and then synthetizes the so-called virtual invariant sets to get the underlying global invariant sets, is promoted to be parallelizable on the subdomains so as to build a two-layer massively parallel architecture in both cell and subdomain levels. The proposed approach can be implemented by GPU Cluster that can maximize the powerful computation capability of hardwares. Examples with global invariant sets in very fine distances of a Jerk system and in bifurcations of a twelve-dimensional nonsmooth rotor system are presented for the first time to demonstrate then the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Geometrically contracted structure in teleparallel f(T) gravity
Authors: Moreira A. R. P. , Lima F. C. E. , Almeida C. A. S.
Published: December 2022

In the teleparallel [Formula: see text] gravity scenario, we consider a five-dimensional thick brane. This scenario is interesting because this theory can provide explanations for inflation, radiation and dark matter under certain conditions. It is convenient to assume, for our study, a polynomial profile of the function [Formula: see text]. Indeed, some polynomial profiles can produce internal structures for which a brane splitting occurs. For functions [Formula: see text] with this capability, geometrically contracted matter field configurations are obtained. These contractions of the matter field for the profiles of [Formula: see text] reproduce compact-like settings. To complement the study, we analyze the stability of the brane using the concept of Configurational Entropy (CE). The CE arguments are interesting because they tell us the most stable and likely configurations from the brane in this gravitational background. Therefore, we can indicate the best profile of the function [Formula: see text].
EFFECT OF STAND-OFF DISTANCE ON ABRASIVE WATER JET PIERCING OF CERAMIC-COATED SUPERALLOY
Authors: BALAJI V. , YUVARAJ N. , LENIN N. , MANJUNATH A.
Published: December 2022

The drilling of film cooling holes on gas turbine blades made out of ceramic-coated superalloy improves the efficiency of the gas turbine and prolongs the life of the turbine blade. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different stand-off distances (SODs) on abrasive water jet (AWJ)-pierced holes, in which the machining time, entry and exit hole diameters, overcut, hole taper, and surface morphology were studied. In this study, the water jet pressure (WJP) of 275[Formula: see text]MPa, piercing angle of [Formula: see text], dwell time of 0.2[Formula: see text]s, and abrasive flow rates (AFRs) of 350[Formula: see text]g/min and 400[Formula: see text]g/min were considered for the AWJ piercing operations. The entry and exit hole diameters and overcut linearly increased with an increase of SOD with different abrasive flow rates. And hole taper was observed at the coating and substrate sections in which it decreased with an increase of SOD up to 2[Formula: see text]mm, and a further increase of SOD increased the hole taper. Besides, the drilled holes were found to have an absence of delamination, cracks, and thermal defects. It was also noted that there is a transformation from a brittle to a ductile mode of erosion that may occur in the high-erosion kinetic energy impact region in the YSZ material section. Based on the experimental results, it is confirmed that SOD of 2[Formula: see text]mm became an influencing factor in AWJ for piercing quality holes in the YSZ-coated superalloy.
Optimizing the propagation of mesoscopic twin-beam states for novel quantum communication protocols
Authors: Allevi Alessia , Molteni Francesca , Zambelli Silvia , Bondani Maria
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, optical Quantum Communication has reached a mature level, especially in free space and through optical fibers. Experimental implementations usually involve single-photon states or weak coherent states detected by single-photon detectors. In contrast to these standard configurations, in our work we consider mesoscopic twin-beam (TWB) states revealed by photon-number-resolving detectors. By properly acting on the natural divergence of the generated beams, we show that they remain nonclassical even at a moderate distance from the nonlinear crystal in which they are produced. We also consider the case where one of the two parties of TWB is partially transmitted through water, and show that the nonclassicality of the states is preserved. This result suggests that mesoscopic TWB states can be considered for the new and growing scenario of underwater Quantum Communication.
The AI Ethicist's Dirty Hands Problem
Authors: Sætra Henrik Skaug , Coeckelbergh Mark , Danaher John
Published: December 2022

Attempting to balance sometimes-conflicting interests.
Error Control Begins to Shape Quantum Architectures
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: December 2022

The overhead of error correction presents a serious challenge to scaling up quantum computing and may produce unexpected winners.
Making Traffic a Thing of the Past
Authors: Kugler Logan
Published: December 2022

New AI technologies are making it possible to autonomously reduce traffic.
Distributed Latency Profiling through Critical Path Tracing
Authors: Eaton Brian , Stewart Jeff , Tedesco Jon , Tas N. Cihan
Published: December 2022

CPT can provide actionable and precise latency analysis.
Bavarian: Betweenness Centrality Approximation with Variance-aware Rademacher Averages
Authors: Cousins Cyrus , Wohlgemuth Chloe , Riondato Matteo
Published: December 2022

“[A]llain Gersten, Hopfen, und Wasser”— 1516 Reinheitsgebot

We presentBavarian, a collection of sampling-based algorithms for approximating the Betweenness Centrality (BC) of all vertices in a graph. Our algorithms use Monte-Carlo Empirical Rademacher Averages (MCERAs), a concept from statistical learning theory, to efficiently compute tight bounds on the maximum deviation of the estimates from the exact values. The MCERAs provide a sample-dependent approximation guarantee much stronger than the state-of-the-art, thanks to its use of variance-aware probabilistic tail bounds. The flexibility of the MCERAs allows us to introduce a unifying framework that can be instantiated with existing sampling-based estimators of BC, thus allowing a fair comparison between them, decoupled from the sample-complexity results with which they were originally introduced. Additionally, we prove novel sample-complexity results showing that, for all estimators, the sample size sufficient to achieve a desired approximation guarantee depends on the vertex-diameter of the graph, an easy-to-bound characteristic quantity. We also show progressive-sampling algorithms and extensions to other centrality measures, such as percolation centrality. Our extensive experimental evaluation ofBavarianshows the improvement over the state-of-the-art made possible by the MCERAs (2–4× reduction in the error bound), and it allows us to assess the different trade-offs between sample size and accuracy guarantees offered by the different estimators.