bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral remote sensing image classification based on enhanced pseudo 3D features and salient band selection
Authors: Li Ningyang , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Hyperspectral classification is a research hotspot in the field of remote sensing. Recently, 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved better classification performances than traditional machine learning algorithms. However, because of the large kernel size and spectral redundancy, the classification accuracy and efficiency of existing CNN-based methods are still restrained. In this paper, a lightweight model based on the enhanced pseudo 3D features and salient band selection is proposed for HSI classification. Specifically, an enhanced pseudo 3D convolution block is constructed to extract spectral-spatial features with less parameters. Then, a salient band selection block without parameters is designed to relieve the spectral redundancy. To obtain the diverse spectral dependency, a local-connected layer is introduced to explore the interactions between adjacent bands. By integrating these blocks, deep spectral-spatial pseudo 3D features can be well prepared for classification. Experiments on three HSI data sets show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-arts. Source code is available at https://github.com/ningyang-li/EP3FEN.
Accuracy Assessment of Satellite-Derived Bathymetry From Band Ratio Algoritm Around an Earth Dam
Authors: Abubakar Ahmadu Ali , T. Youngu T.
Published: July 2024

Long-term changes in the bathymetry of a reservoir using satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery was investigated. The reservoir's initial design in 1973 included a specified spatial extent of 570,000 square meters, a maximum depth of 8.5 meters, and a water storage capacity of 2,600,000 cubic meters. However, sedimentation over time gradually reduced the storage capacity and depth, leading to a dredging operation in 2014 to restore some of its original features. Focusing on the post-dredging period, the study compares the results to the reservoir's initial design plan. Results indicate a consistent marginal decline in the spatial extent, with an overall decrease of 26.10% from impoundment to the present. Satellite-derived depths showed a clear downward trend, representing a significant reduction of 68.11% over half a century. The volume capacity exhibited a consistent decline, with an overall loss of 71.98% from impoundment to the present. The findings highlight the continuous challenges posed by sedimentation, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring and effective management strategies to maintain the reservoir's functionality and capacity as a crucial water resource. Furthermore, the study establishes a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.99) between storage volume capacity and derived depth values. This correlation validates the reliability and accuracy of the depth estimation method used, offering potential utility for reservoir management and water resource planning. Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of SDB for monitoring long-term changes in bathymetry and highlights the significance of effective sedimentation management to ensure sustainable reservoir utilization.
Combining QED and approximate ${\rm N}^3$LO QCD corrections in a global PDF fit: MSHT20qed_an3lo PDFs
Authors: Cridge Thomas , Harland-Lang Lucian A. , Thorne Robert S.
Published: July 2024

We present the MSHT20qed_an3lo parton distribution functions (PDFs). These result from the first global PDF analysis to combine QED and approximate N^3N3LO (aN^3N3LO) QCD corrections in the theoretical calculation of the PDF evolution and cross sections entering the fit. We examine the PDF impact, and find that the effect of QED is relatively mild in comparison to the aN^3N3LO corrections, although it should still be accounted for at the level of precision now required. These QED corrections are in addition found to roughly factorise from the QCD corrections; that is, their relative impact on the PDFs is roughly the same at NNLO and aN^3N3LO. The fit quality exhibits a very small deterioration at aN^3N3LO upon the inclusion of QED corrections, which is rather smaller than the deterioration observed at NNLO in QCD. The impact on several cross-sections at N^3N3LO is also examined, including the Higgs cross sections at N^3N3LO. Finally, a LO in QCD fit that includes QED corrections is also presented: the MSHT20qed_an3lo set.
Phonon pumping by modulating the ultrastrong vacuum
Authors: Minganti Fabrizio , Mercurio Alberto , Mauceri Fabio , Scigliuzzo Marco , Savasta Salvatore , Savona Vincenzo
Published: July 2024

The vacuum (i.e., the ground state) of a system in ultrastrong light-matter coupling contains particles that cannot be emitted without any dynamical perturbation and is thus called virtual. We propose a protocol for inducing and observing real mechanical excitations of a mirror enabled by the virtual photons in the ground state of a tripartite system, where a resonant optical cavity is ultrastrongly coupled to a two-level system (qubit) and, at the same time, optomechanically coupled to a mechanical resonator. Real phonons are coherently emitted when the frequency of the two-level system is modulated at a frequency comparable to that of the mechanical resonator and, therefore much lower than the optical frequency. We demonstrate that this hybrid effect is a direct consequence of the virtual photon population in the ground state. Within a classical physics analogy, attaching a weight to a spring only changes its resting position, whereas dynamically modulating the weight makes the system oscillate. In our case, however, the weight is the vacuum itself. We propose and accurately characterize a hybrid superconducting-optomechanical setup based on available state-of-the-art technology, where this effect can be experimentally observed.
Analytic thermodynamic properties of the Lieb-Liniger gas
Authors: Kerr Matthew L. , De Rosi Giulia , Kheruntsyan Karen
Published: July 2024

We present a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art of the approximate analytic approaches describing the finite-temperature thermodynamic quantities of the Lieb-Liniger model of the one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas with contact repulsive interactions. This paradigmatic model of quantum many-body-theory plays an important role in many areas of physics-thanks to its integrability and possible experimental realization using, e.g., ensembles of ultracold bosonic atoms confined to quasi-1D geometries. The thermodynamics of the uniform Lieb-Liniger gas can be obtained numerically using the exact thermal Bethe ansatz (TBA) method, first derived in 1969 by Yang and Yang. However, the TBA numerical calculations do not allow for the in-depth understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that govern the thermodynamic behavior of the Lieb-Liniger gas at finite temperature. Our work is then motivated by the insights that emerge naturally from the transparency of closed-form analytic results, which are derived here in six different regimes of the gas and which exhibit an excellent agreement with the TBA numerics. Our findings can be further adopted for characterising the equilibrium properties of inhomogeneous (e.g., harmonically trapped) 1D Bose gases within the local density approximation and for the development of improved hydrodynamic theories, allowing for the calculation of breathing mode frequencies which depend on the underlying thermodynamic equation of state. Our analytic approaches can be applied to other systems including impurities in a quantum bath, liquid helium-4, and ultracold Bose gas mixtures.
Suitability evaluation of an equivalent porous medium method for characterizing 2-D flow based on the fracture fractal dimension
Authors: Han Di , Ma Lei , Gao Di , Luo Qiankun , Fang Yunhai , Qian Jiazhong
Published: July 2024

An equivalent porous medium (EPM) method is widely utilized in various practical applications of hydrogeological engineering with areas of a fractured geological medium (FGM). However, the suitability of the EPM model still lacks sufficient scientific evaluation when considering the distribution of water head and flow velocity. In this study, the suitability of the EPM model to the fractal dimension of a discrete fracture network (DFN) is analyzed based on numerical simulation experiments. The simulation results of the EPM model are compared with those of the DFN model. Then, a formula is proposed to evaluate the suitability of the EPM model for characterizing two-dimensional flow distribution. The results show that with the increase of the fractal dimension, the suitability of the EPM model decreases first and then increases, and the inflection point gradually appears in advance with the increase of the length–width ratio of the simulation domain. The length–width ratio of the simulation domain has a linear relationship with the suitability of the EPM model, and the slope increases with the increase of the fractal dimension. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method is proposed to calculate the suitability of the EPM model based on the fractal dimension and the length–width ratio of the simulation domain.
Optimization of Hypercholesterolemia Treatment after Heart Transplant: The Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors
Authors: Jesus Valero-Masa Maria , Ortiz-Bautista Carlos David , Castrodeza Javier , Martinez-Selles Manuel
Published: July 2024

Background:

Previous studies have reported the benefit of statins after Heart Transplant (HT). However,
the use of high-dose statins might be limited in some HT patients due to intolerance and interactions with
immunosuppression or might not be enough to achieve Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goals. Hyperlipidemia
has been associated with coronary allograft vasculopathy. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin
type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors might be a safe and effective option in HT patients with suboptimal lipid control.

Methods:

In a retrospective study, we identified HT patients in our center with LDL cholesterol >100 mg/dL,
after diet modifications and up-titration of statins to maximum tolerated dose, treated with PCSK9i. The primary
endpoint was LDL reduction one month after, and secondary endpoints were the development of donorspecific
HLA antibodies (DSA) and the presence of coronary allograft vasculopathy or rejection.

Results:

From January, 2018, to January, 2024, we identified five HT patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors.
In all cases, evolocumab was used. A significant reduction in LDL cholesterol was observed (151.6 ± 13.5
mg/dl to 72.4 ± 14.6 mg/dl; p = 0.04, mean reduction 75.7 ± 14.1 mg/dl), as well as in total cholesterol (231 ±
34.6 mg/dl to 152.2 ± 38.9 mg/dl; p < 0.01, mean reduction 78.8 ± 22.2 mg/dl). A significant increase in HDL
cholesterol was not observed (45.4 ± 10.9 mg/dl to 46.2 ± 11.1 mg/dl; p = 0.60). One patient developed DSA
five years after treatment onset. Rejection and coronary allograft vasculopathy were not observed.

Conclusion:

PCSK9 inhibitors are safe and effective in reducing LDL in HT patients. However, larger studies
are needed to clarify if they can reduce the development of coronary allograft vasculopathy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-pyrrole-modified Carbon Nanotube Derivatives via Ylides
Authors: Çalışır Ümit
Published: July 2024

:

The high dipolarophile structure of MWCNT compounds enables them to be used as a
reactive 2π member in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. N-substituted glycine ester compounds
and employed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions involving azomethine-ylides for the synthesis
of multiwalled carbon nanotube compounds that underwent covalent modification. Initially, Nsubstituted
glycine esters (3a) and N-substituted glycine compounds were synthesized. Nsubstituted
glycine (4a) and substituted aromatic aldehyde derivatives were reacted with the dipolarophilic
MWCNTs, which have regioselectivity only on (6,6)-bonds, via azomethine ylide intermediates
over a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to obtain the target pyridine-pyrrolemodified
carbon nanotube derivatives (6a-g). The compounds' structural characterizations were
achieved using FTIR, Raman, NMR, TEM, UV-VIS, and TGA methods. The dispersibility of the
compounds was evaluated in various solvents. The activity of each compound's antimicrobial properties against
Escherichia coli was assessed. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the compounds, by the
method employed, adsorbed Escherichia coli bacteria and decreased the bacterial concentration in their film
form. According to the results, the compounds can be used in bacterial adsorption-based purification systems
(the eradication of water and environmental pollutants) based on the results obtained.
Cesium Carbonate (Cs2CO3) in Organic Synthesis: A Sexennial Update (2018 to Date)
Authors: Varala Ravi , Achari Kamsali Murali Mohan , Hussein Mohammed , Alam Mohammed Mujahid , Ramanaiah Seella
Published: July 2024

:

Cesium carbonate is an alkali carbonate salt that has numerous applications and has
been proven to be a mild inorganic base in organic synthesis. It has garnered significant attention
due to its practicality in C-H functionalization and heteroatom-heteroatom bond formation reactions,
in addition to its application in conventional synthetic transformations. In this six-year update,
we have examined the most important applications of Cs2CO3 in organic synthesis from
2018 to the present, including the scope of the reaction and providing detailed explanations of
the underlying mechanisms.
A Complete Sojourn of Monoclonal Antibodies: AI, Rare Diseases / Disorders and Immunotoxic Effects
Authors: Garg Sonakshi , Garg Gurisha , Patel Preeti , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Kurmi Balak Das
Published: July 2024

:

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are magic bullets proved to be a wonder in the pharmaceutical
as well as medical fields. These are produced by various methods like hybridoma technology,
phage display technology, YAC technology, and transgenic animals and plants. Based on the
percentage of animal origin, mAbs are divided into chimeric, murine, humanized, and fully human.
This review covers the history and methods of mAb production, immunotoxicity (Immunosuppression,
immunostimulant, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity) associated with mAbs, and targets
of mAbs. It also compiles mAb production using AI, new modifications, and novel mAbs,
with its various clinical trial information ensuring the use of mAbs in rare diseases and disorders.
The Evaluation of the Impact of Antibiotic De-escalation among Paediatric Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospital in Ajman, UAE: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Elshaeir Nour , Gillani Syed Wasif
Published: July 2024

Background:

Antibiotic de-escalation therapy plays a vital role in reducing the risk of
bacterial resistance across the globe. This study elucidates the significance, determinants, and outcomes
pertaining to Antibiotic De-escalation (ADE). The ADE is acknowledged as a crucial component
within Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs). The proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant
bacteria arises as an anticipated outcome of the extensive utilization of antibiotics, heightening
researchers' apprehensions regarding this global challenge.

Objective:

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the usage of antibiotics in terms of
clinical outcomes (re-admission within 30 days and therapy outcomes upon discharge), adverse
events, duration of de-escalation, and duration of hospitalizations among pediatric patients admitted
to a tertiary care hospital due to various infectious diseases.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted during a four-month period, from January 2022 to
April 2023, at a tertiary care facility in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Participants included in this
study were based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

A total of 200 pediatric records were screened. The majority of participants, accounting
for 66.0%, were female, and 54.0% were classified as Arabs in terms of race. The mean age was
7.5 years (± 2.8). The most prevalent symptoms reported were fever (98%), cough (75%), and
sore throat (73%). Male participants were more inclined to present with bacterial infections
(88.2%) compared to viral infections (3.8%), bacterial and viral co-illnesses (2.5%), or parasitic infections
(1.3%) at the time of admission. Regarding clinical outcomes, 27% of patients were readmitted
with the same infection type, while 52% did not experience readmission. The analysis also
included information on the number of patients within each antibiotic therapy duration category,
alongside the mean duration of antibiotic de-escalation in hours with standard deviation (± SD).
The statistical significance of these associations was assessed using P-values, revealing a significant
relationship (P < 0.0001) between the duration of antibiotic therapy and the time required for
antibiotic de-escalation.

Conclusion:

The study's analysis revealed that individuals readmitted to the hospital, irrespective
of whether they presented with the same or a different infection type, exhibited prolonged durations
of antibiotic de-escalation. This observation underscores the potential influence of the patient's
clinical trajectory and the necessity for adjunctive therapeutic interventions on the duration of
antibiotic de-escalation.
Targeting Adenylate Cyclase: A Novel Concept for Stimulation of Neurogenesis and Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zyuz'kov Gleb Nikolaevich , Miroshnichenko Larisa Arkad`evna , Polykova Tatyana Yur`evna , Simanina Elena Vladislavovna , Chayikovskyi Alexander Vasil`evich
Published: July 2024

Background:

The low effectiveness of existing pharmacotherapy strategies for Alzheimer's
disease (AD) makes it necessary to develop a new concept for the treatment of this type of
dementia. This search is promising to be carried out within the framework of the paradigm of targeting
intracellular signaling pathways in Regenerative-Competent Cells (RCCs).

Objective:

The purpose of the research is to study the impact of adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor
on disorders of the psychoemotional status in aged male C57BL/6 mice, as well as on the dynamics
of the content and functioning of RCCs nervous tissue.

Methods:

We examined the effect of the AC inhibitor (2ʹ,5ʹ-Dideoxyadenosine) on conditioned reflex
activity, behavioral and emotional profile in a mouse AD model (16-month-old (aged) male
C57BL/6 mice), as well as the functioning of neural stem cells (NSCs), neuronal-committed progenitors
(NCPs), and neuroglial cells in the subventricular zone of the cerebral hemispheres (SVZ).

Results:

In aged C57BL/6 mice, we found impairments in exploratory behavior, emotional reactivity,
and memory, which are the characteristics of senile dementia. Therapy based on AC inhibition
led to an increase in the number of NSCs and NPCs in the SVZ due to an increase in their proliferative
activity. These changes were more pronounced in NCPs. At the same time, a decrease in
the specialization intensity was recorded in NSCs. These phenomena developed against the background
of increased secretion of neurotrophic growth factors by oligodendrocytes and microglial
cells. The neuroregenerative effects of 2ʹ,5ʹ-dideoxyadenosine correlated with the correction of
age-related disorders of the psychoemotional status in aged mice.

Conclusion:

The results provide the basis for the development of targeted drugs based on AC inhibitors
to stimulate neurogenesis as an approach for the effective treatment of AD.
Non-Parametric Statistic Methods
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

 In this chapter, we will explore various methods and statistical tests used
in hypothesis validation and sample comparison. We will begin with an introduction to the formulation of scientific and statistical hypotheses and discuss the determination of the appropriate sample size. Next, we will delve into the analysis
of independent and related samples, examining techniques, such as the one-sample
binomial test, one-sample method, one-sample runs test, two-sample chi-squared
test, two-sample Kolmogorov test, two-sample runs test, and two-sample U test.
These tools will provide researchers and scientists with the ability to rigorously
evaluate their hypotheses and compare samples in a reliable manner. 
Discrete-Time Markov Chains
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

 In this chapter, we look at how Monte Carlo simulations and the Markov
chain theory can be used to analyze urban transportation problems. Vectors describing the starting and final states of a public transportation network are introduced as
fundamental notions. The transition probability matrix and the stochastic matrix are
investigated as potential tools for modeling the dynamic evolution of urban mobility
using discrete-time Markov Chains. The features of Markov Chains, as revealed by
their eigenvalues and eigenvectors, are examined. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo
technique for statistical sampling and analysis of urban mobility issues is also discussed. The methodologies’ potential utility in urban transportation planning and
decision-making is emphasized. Understanding and addressing the difficulties of
urban mobility are greatly aided by the theoretical and conceptual groundwork laid
out in this chapter.
Embodied Immersion: Exploring the Convergence of Haptic VR and Pervasive Visual Sensors
Authors: Pant Isha , Joshi Ashish , Baluni Pragya
Published: July 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has exponentially gained significance in
recent years, providing end users with a virtual world in which users can develop
virtual habits or manipulate the items in the virtual scene using their limb movements.
As computers and information technology advance, users are searching for innovative
types of Human-Computer Interaction techniques to provide a richer experience. In
contrast, virtual scene modeling research can help consumers have a more realistic
experience and ease of access. This chapter will largely concentrate on the perspectives
on Augmented Reality (AR) and VR in the future on a global scale, taking VR
strategies that rely on Scene Modeling, Statistical Analysis and Sensor Networking and
taking into consideration the research techniques by examining the interactive VR
technology from the perception of Visual Sensor Network (VSN), which tends to offer
visual information to VR systems, also leading to concise and effectual image data to
aid in the creation of a digital model. Simultaneously, a diverse set of applications
tends to give the booming VR industry the confidence to append more value.
A Study on Digital Transformation Empowering Human Resource Management
Authors: Krishnan Chitra , Goel Richa , Sahdev Supriya Lamba , Mariappan Jasmine
Published: July 2024

Due to rapid globalization and spread of digital technology, businesses and
employees are under pressure to adapt to them. The term “digitalization” in the
business world currently refers to the requirement for businesses to adopt it if they wish
to stay current. Previous research has concentrated on how digitalization affects
marketing and organizational effectiveness, including consumer preferences, buying
trends, and customer relationship management. However, academic research,
especially that on HRM, tends to place less emphasis on how it influences internal
business. Therefore, the objective of this study is to gain more knowledge about
Human Resource Management in the digital era. This study seeks to demonstrate how
digital HRM can enhance organizational performance.
This study relied on secondary data from various sources such as business reports, realworld examples, websites, professional blogs, and research papers. The aim was to
examine the advantages and challenges of implementing digital transformation in
human resource management, using illustrative cases of organizations with innovative
business practices. The findings of this research are of great importance for corporate
organizations looking to adopt digital human resource management and enhance
overall organizational performance.
An Investigation of Industry 4.0 with Client Value Added in the Business Industry
Authors: Gupta Ravi Kumar , Maheshwari Udit , Priya Ashutosh , Das Debendra Nath
Published: July 2024

Industry 4.0 has transformed the way businesses operate and deliver value to
their clients. This research aims to investigate the influence of Industry 4.0 on client
value added. The study reviews the literature on Industry 4.0 and client value added
and conducts a survey to gather data from companies that have acquired technologies
of Industry 4.0. The findings of the study suggest that Industry 4.0 has a remarkable
and positive influence on client value added. The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies
results in improved efficiency, enhanced quality, increased customization, and greater
customer engagement, all of which contribute to a better client experience and
increased client value added. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of
Industry 4.0 for businesses seeking to improve their client value added and remain
competitive in the marketplace.
Innovations in Environment and Science: A Study on Models of Sustainable Environment across the World to Achieve SDG-9
Authors: Mahajan Navita
Published: July 2024

 Digitalization in the modern world opens us to new options like information
without any time constraints with continuous education, but it is also a means of
survival. In order to effectively satisfy consumer expectations, a firm must integrate
data and find methods to enhance its core business processes. The whole industry is
working on innovative models that are eco-friendly and operate on a sustainable
foundation for a better future. In order to demonstrate the fundamentals of
sustainability with its application in contemporary society, the present study explores
the distinctive ideas, real-world examples, and models that have been adopted globally
as disruptive technologies. With regard to the success of these technical processes and
the present change, the research has critically examined the advantages and difficulties.
In the study, the issue of SDG-9 of the UN has also been connected to how the present
technologies are contributing to the digitization of industry to achieve this objective of
the United Nations. The study's foundation is secondary research, which includes data
on many sustainable approaches to reaching technology in diverse modes. The research
offers a few well-known ideas toward the conclusion to increase this transformation's
visibility and usability. The study's implications indicate that everyone participating in
the appropriate transition would gain, whether it be at the level of institutional,
corporate, or public entities, for policy frameworks, model designs, and distribution
through such digital and sustainable models.
Implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in Human Resource Management: An Overview
Authors: Nayak Arpita , Satpathy Ipseeta , Patnaik B.C.M. , Baral Sukanta Kumar , Pedro Filho Flavio De Sao
Published: July 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most significant technological
advancements in recent years. Simply described, the Internet of Things is a mechanism
in which all individuals, companies, and devices are linked to each other over a
network segment to continually exchange data without the need for human
participation, completely stirring up business. Because of these technologies, tracking
efficiency has never been easier. Communication tools, wearable computing gadgets,
trackers, and other technologies have had a greater impact on business and everyday
life than ever before. In order to respond to technological advancements, executives are
emphasizing the use of IoT, and human resource management is not exempted. HR
managers utilize IoT to gather relevant information about some major components like
future workers, as well as improve performance evaluation, recruitment, training and
development, and employee engagement. This paper aims to give an overview of the
implementation of IoT in HRM. From the evolution of a mobile job seeker to the
incorporation of microchips to manage staff, the expanding nature of the Internet of
Things (IoT) affects the way human resources function in companies as well as the way
businesses operate.
ÖZEL EĞİTİM ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÜNİVERSİTE MEZUNİYET BEKLENTİLERİNE İLİŞKİN ALGILARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Sivrikaya Tuğba
Published: July 2024

Üniversiteye başlayan öğrencilerin beklentileri önemlidir; çünkü psikolojik faktörlerin yanı sıra eğitim beklentileri ve hedefleri de üniversite öğrencilerinin başarıları üzerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının mezuniyet beklentilerini belirlemek, öğretmen yetiştirme programlarını iyileştirmek, özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak ve politika oluşturmaya katkı sağlamak için önemli bir adım olabilir. Bu araştırmada özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının üniversite mezuniyet beklentilerine ilişkin algılarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Özel Eğitim Öğretmenliği bölümünde eğitim alan78’i kadın, 43’i erkek olmak üzere 121 özel eğitim öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Tekil tarama modeli kullanılan bu araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Üniversite Mezuniyet Beklentileri Ölçeği ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının üniversite mezuniyetine ilişkin olarak mesleki beklentilerinin orta düzeyde, bireysel beklentileri ile genel üniversite mezuniyet beklentilerinin ise yüksek düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur. Özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının Özel Eğitim Öğretmenliği bölümünü tercih nedenine göre üniversite mezuniyet beklentileri arasında anlamlı fark olduğu; bölümü kendi istediği için seçenlerin üniversite mezuniyet beklentilerinin en yüksek olduğu, bunu sırasıyla puanı uygun olduğu için seçenlerin ve ailesi istediği için seçenlerin izlediği görülmüştür. Özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının Özel Eğitim Öğretmenliği Bölümünü tercih nedeninin üniversite mezuniyet beklentileri üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uygulamaya ve ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHATBOTS IN EVALUATING WRITING ASSIGNMENTS IN EFL CONTEXTS
Authors: Toscu Saliha
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, in evaluating writing assignments. 51 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners from Türkiye took part in the study voluntarily. Based on a quasi-experimental research design, the study involved dividing the participants into two non-equivalent groups. The participants in the control group received feedback on their writing from a teacher, while the experimental group was given feedback by the ChatGPT. Thus, the research indicated how Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated feedback was influential in evaluating writing assignments compared to human-generated feedback. The feedback given by the teacher and the ChatGPT was analyzed via a content analysis, and the results showed that the ChatGPT and the teacher feedback had differences in the language style, register, content, and accuracy. Besides, students’ perceptions of the feedback were revealed through the Student Perceptions of Writing Feedback Scale of Marss (2016) and analyzed using Independent Samples t-Tests on the SPSS. The statistical tests indicated that the students’ perceptions did not vary whether the feedback was AI or human-generated. This study suggests that AI-generated feedback can match human feedback in terms of students’ perceptions. Still, the differences regarding feedback features show the strengths of a teacher and a bot for giving feedback by suggesting a more complementary role for AI technology in educational settings.
Construction of an instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education: Content and construct validity
Authors: Setiawan Risky , Wagiran Wagiran , Alsamiri Yasir
Published: July 2024

This study aims to reveal the content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education. This research is development research applying the ADDIE model from Molenda. The indicators evaluated consist of context, inputs, processes, and products. The sample consisted of 1200 students from eight faculties, each represented by three study programs. Data analysis uses three stages: content validity test analysis using the V-Aiken method involving six panellists or experts; construct validity test using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Quantitative descriptive analysis and interpretive qualitative analysis used the Miles and Huberman method. The results showed that the developed evaluation instrument had good proof of the validity of the content, with an average V-Aiken score of 0.752, which was in the high category. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta's evaluation instrument, which was developed through the instrument, already meets the validity of an exemplary construct of a good loading factor value ( 0.3). It has a composite reliability score above 0.7 and Cronbach's alpha above 0.6. The analysis results show that all empirical test criteria indicate the data is fit against the developed model.
Provision representation by third parties
Authors: Tishkevich A. A.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The study is devoted to determining the substance of representation given by a third party and their place among the general models of third party participation in another contractual obligation (Articles 312, 313 and 430 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The possibilities of applying the current rules of positive law on the participation of a third party in another contractual obligation to representation provided by a third party are analyzed. Due to the presence of only explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on such representations, there is a need for scientific formulization in this regard.

The purpose of the article is to formulization theoretical provisions on representation provided by a third party and their relationship to existing models of third party participation in another contractual obligation.

Objectives. to determine the most appropriate rules for applying to representationы given by a third party on a specific model of a third party's participation in another contractual obligation.

Methodology. The author used dialectical-materialistic method, methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic method, as well as methods of description and formal-legal method.

Results. Based on the results of the study, it was found acceptable to apply the rules on contract in favor of a third party (Article 430 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) to the construction of representation provided by a third party.

Conclusion. The structure of representation given by a third party proposed by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation should be properly integrated into the existing domestic system of contract law. However, it has been revealed that the legal substance of the representation provided by a third party is not acceptable for all general models of third party participation in another contractual obligation. The closest model of a third party's participation in another contractual obligation to the construction of representation provided by a third party should be considered a contract in favor of a third party.
The Acceptability, Engagement, and Feasibility of Mental Health Apps for Marginalized and Underserved Young People: Systematic Review and Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bear Holly Alice , Ayala Nunes Lara , Ramos Giovanni , Manchanda Tanya , Fernandes Blossom , Chabursky Sophia , Walper Sabine , Watkins Edward , Fazel Mina
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Smartphone apps may provide an opportunity to deliver mental health resources and interventions in a scalable and cost-effective manner. However, young people from marginalized and underserved groups face numerous and unique challenges to accessing, engaging with, and benefiting from these apps.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to better understand the acceptability (ie, perceived usefulness and satisfaction with an app) and feasibility (ie, the extent to which an app was successfully used) of mental health apps for underserved young people. A secondary aim was to establish whether adaptations can be made to increase the accessibility and inclusivity of apps for these groups.

METHODS

We conducted 2 sequential studies, consisting of a systematic literature review of mental health apps for underserved populations followed by a qualitative study with underserved young male participants (n=20; age: mean 19). Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, an electronic search of 5 databases was conducted in 2021. The search yielded 18,687 results, of which 14 articles met the eligibility criteria.

RESULTS

The included studies comprised a range of groups, including those affected by homelessness, having physical health conditions, living in low- and middle-income countries, and those with sexual and gender minority identities. Establishing and maintaining user engagement was a pervasive challenge across mental health apps and populations, and dropout was a reported problem among nearly all the included studies. Positive subjective reports of usability, satisfaction, and acceptability were insufficient to determine users’ objective engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the significant amount of funding directed to the development of mental health apps, juxtaposed with only limited empirical evidence to support their effectiveness, few apps have been deliberately developed or adapted to meet the heterogeneous needs of marginalized and underserved young people. Before mental health apps are scaled up, a greater understanding is needed of the types of services that more at-risk young people and those in limited-resource settings prefer (eg, standard vs digital) followed by more rigorous and consistent demonstrations of acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. Adopting an iterative participatory approach by involving young people in the development and evaluation process is an essential step in enhancing the adoption of any intervention, including apps, in “real-world” settings and will support future implementation and sustainability efforts to ensure that marginalized and underserved groups are reached.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42021254241; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=254241
Development and validation of deep learning models to predict diagnostic and billing codes following visits to family medicine (Preprint)
Authors: Rajaram Akshay , Judd Michael , Barber David
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Despite significant time spent on billing, family physicians routinely make errors and miss billing opportunities. In other disciplines, machine learning models have predicted current procedural terminology codes with high accuracy.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to derive machine learning models capable of predicting diagnosis and billing codes from notes recorded in the electronic medical record.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective algorithm development and validation study involving an academic family medicine practice. Visits between July 1, 2015 and June 30, 2020 containing a physician-authored note and an invoice in the electronic medical record were eligible for inclusion. We trained two deep learning models and compared their predictions to codes submitted for reimbursement. We calculated accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score and area under the receiver operating curve.

RESULTS

245,045 visits were eligible for inclusion. 198,802 (81%) were included in model development. Accuracy was 99.7% and 99.6% for the diagnosis and billing code models, respectively. Recall was 66.4% and 70.2% for the diagnosis and billing code models, respectively. Precision was 38.0% and 72.8% for the diagnosis and billing code models, respectively. Area under the curve was 0.988 for the diagnosis code model and 0.933 for the billing code model.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed models capable of predicting diagnosis and billing codes from electronic notes following visits to family medicine. The billing model outperformed the diagnosis model in terms of recall and precision likely due to fewer codes being predicted. Work is underway to further enhance model performance and assess the generalizability of these models to other family medicine practices.
PERFORMANCE OF CHAT GPT ON A TURKISH BOARD OF ORTHOPAEDİC SURGERY EXAMINATION (Preprint)
Authors: Ocak Bilgehan
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

ABSTRACT
Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the success of the Chat GPT according to the Turkish Board of Orthopedic Surgery Examination
Methods
Among the written exam questions prepared by TOTEK between 2021 and 2023, questions asking visual information like that in the literature and canceled questions were not included, and all other questions were taken into consideration. The questions were divided into 19 categories according to topic. The questions were divided into 3 categories according to the methods of evaluating information: direct recall of information, ability to comment and ability to use information correctly. Questions were asked separately about the Chat GPT 3.5 and 4.0 artificial intelligence applications. All answers given were evaluated appropriately according to this grouping.
Visual questions were not asked to the Chat GPT due to its inability to perceive visual questions. Only questions answered by the application with the correct choice and explanation were accepted as correct answers. Questions that were answered incorrectly by the Chat GPT were considered incorrect.
Results
We eliminated 300 visual questions in total and asked the remaining 265 multiple-choice questions about the Chat GPT. A total of 95 (35%) of 265 questions were answered correctly, and 169 (63%) were answered incorrectly. It was also seen that he could not answer 1 question. The exam success rate was greater for the Chat GPT group than for the control group, especially for the infection questions (67%). The descriptive findings are shown in Table 3, which shows that both artificial intelligence models can be effective at different levels on various issues, but predominantly, GPT 4 performs better.
Conclusion
Our study showed that although the Chat GPT could not reach the level of passing the Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Proficiency Exam, it could reach a certain level of accuracy. Software such as the Chat GPT needs to be developed and studied further to be useful for orthopedics and traumatology physicians, where the evaluation of radiological images and physical examination are very important.
Correction: Global Implications From the Rise and Recession of Telehealth in Aotearoa New Zealand Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Werkmeister Benjamin , Haase Anne M , Fleming Theresa , Officer Tara N
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Correction: Global Implications From the Rise and Recession of Telehealth in Aotearoa New Zealand Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Study

In “Global Implications From the Rise and Recession of Telehealth in Aotearoa New Zealand Mental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Study” ([JMIR Form Res 2023;7: e50486]) the authors noted an error with a date.

The error occurred in the following places.
1. Abstract – Methods. “In total, 4,117,035 observations were analyzed between October 1, 2019, and August 1, 2022.”
This should read:
“In total, 4,117,035 observations were analyzed between September 2, 2019, and August 1, 2022.”
2. Activity data – Overview. “This data set represented population-level data and included all clinical activities (4,117,035 observations) undertaken by outpatient mental health clinicians in the study regions between October 2019 and August 2022 to allow comparison of telehealth use between prelockdown, lockdown, and postlockdown periods.”
This should read:
“This data set represented population-level data and included all clinical activities (4,117,035 observations) undertaken by outpatient mental health clinicians in the study regions between September 2019 and August 2022 to allow comparison of telehealth use between prelockdown, lockdown, and postlockdown periods.”
3. Table 1 – column 2, row 2. “October 1, 2019 (12 AM)”
This should read:
“September 2, 2019 (12 AM)”

The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.
Using Extended Reality to Enhance Effectiveness and Group Identification in Remote Group Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Critical Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Bouguettaya Ayoub , Aboujaoude Elias
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Group therapy is a scalable and effective treatment for anxiety disorders. However, when performed online, the reduced ability to identify with group members and the reduced interactivity can limit its appeal and effectiveness. Extended reality (XR) technology, including virtual reality and augmented reality, may help address these limitations, thereby enhancing the reach of online group therapy and the benefits that can be drawn from it. To understand how the incorporation of XR technology may improve online group therapy for anxiety disorders, this viewpoint paper examines evidence related to the treatment of anxiety disorders using offline group therapy, online group therapy, and virtual reality, as well as ways to increase social identification and interactivity with the platform, the therapist, and other users. This viewpoint paper suggests ways to integrate these research streams to leverage the strengths of XR platforms and improve group therapeutic offerings.