bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of e-cigarette aerosol on primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells
Authors: Wick Katherine D. , Fang Xiaohui , Maishan Mazharul , Matsumoto Shotaro , Spottiswoode Natasha , Sarma Aartik , Simoneau Camille , Khakoo Manisha , Langelier Chaz , Calfee Carolyn S. , Gotts Jeffrey E. , Matthay Michael A.
Published: June 2022

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are designed to simulate combustible cigarette smoking and to aid in smoking cessation. Although the number of e-cigarette users has been increasing, the potential health impacts and biological effects of e-cigarettes are still not fully understood. Previous research has focused on the biological effects of e-cigarettes on lung cancer cell lines and distal airway epithelial cells; however, there have been few published studies on the effect of e-cigarettes on primary lung alveolar epithelial cells. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the direct effect of e-cigarette aerosol on primary human lung alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells, both alone and in the presence of viral infection. The Melo-3 atomizer caused direct AT2 cell toxicity, whereas the more popular Juul pod’s aerosol did not have a detectable cytotoxic effect on AT2 cells. Juul nicotine aerosol also did not increase short-term susceptibility to viral infection. However, 3 days of exposure upregulated genes central to the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and carcinogen metabolism and downregulated key innate immune system genes related to cytokine and chemokine signaling. These findings have implications for the potentially injurious impact of long-term use of popular low-power e-cigarette pods on the human alveolar epithelium. Gene expression data might be an important endpoint for evaluating the potential harmful effects of vaping devices that do not cause overt toxicity.
Chronic maternal hypercortisolemia models stress-induced adverse birth outcome and altered cardiac function in newborn lambs
Authors: Li Mengchen , Wood Charles E. , Keller-Wood Maureen
Published: June 2022

Maternal stress in pregnancy is thought to be a contributing factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirth and prematurity. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that chronic elevation in maternal cortisol concentration in ewes (by maternal infusion of 1 mg/kg/day) during the late gestation increased the incidence of stillbirth and altered fetal heart rate and blood pressure at birth. We designed the current study to test the effect of chronically elevated maternal cortisol on fetal cardiac adaption from in utero life to ex utero life. The combined risk of stillbirth or prematurity was significantly greater in the pregnancies with maternal hypercortisolemia; in this cohort, 40% of the lambs of cortisol-infused ewes died in utero or at birth compared with 25% of lambs of control ewes, and 24% of lambs of cortisol-infused ewes were born preterm, whereas no lamb was born preterm in the control group. Compared with control lambs, the lambs of cortisol-infused ewes born at full term exhibited a significant increase in mean aortic pressure just before birth and a significant decrease in mean aortic pressure that was evident during the first 9 h after birth. The QT interval was decreased before birth and increased immediately after birth in the newborns of cortisol-treated ewes compared with control lambs. These findings suggest that excess in utero corticosteroid exposure adversely affects fetal cardiac adaptation to extrauterine life and that chronic maternal stress or hypersecretion of corticosteroids may contribute to adverse obstetric outcomes.
Influence of sex and biological maturation on the sudomotor response to exercise-heat stress: are girls disadvantaged?
Authors: Topham Thomas H. , Smallcombe James W. , Clark Brad , Brown Harry A. , Telford Richard D. , Jay Ollie , Périard Julien D.
Published: June 2022

Both adult females and children have been reported to have a lower sweating capacity and thus reduced evaporative heat loss potential that may increase their susceptibility to exertional hyperthermia in the heat. Compared with males, females have a lower maximal sweat rate and thus a theoretically lower maximum skin wettedness due to a lower sweat output per gland. Similarly, children have been suggested to be disadvantaged in high ambient temperatures due to a lower sweat production and therefore reduced evaporative capacity, despite modifications of heat transfer due to physical attributes and possible evaporative efficiency. The reported reductions in the sudomotor activity of females and children suggest a lower sweating capacity in girls. However, because of the complexities of isolating sex and maturation from the confounding effects of morphological differences (e.g., body surface area-to-mass ratio) and metabolic heat production, limited evidence exists supporting whether children, and, more specifically, girls are at a thermoregulatory disadvantage. Furthermore, a limited number of child-adult comparison studies involve females and very few studies have directly compared regional and whole body sudomotor activity between boys and girls. This minireview highlights the exercise-induced sudomotor response of females and children, summarizes previous research investigating the sudomotor response to exercise in girls, and suggests important areas for further research.
Shared Clean Mobility Operations for First-Mile and Last-Mile Public Transit Connections: A Case Study of Doha, Qatar
Authors: Fayez Eliyan Afnan , Kerbache Laoucine , Elomri Adel
Published: June 2022

With the aid of recent technological advancements, seamless integration of shared mobility services and public transit may offer efficient and affordable connectivity to the transit stations in urban settings, thereby enhancing residents’ mobility. A previous research mainly focused on car-sharing services as a self-standing mode of transportation. However, due to rapid urbanization acceleration and regions’ extension, commuters often combine the fixed-route/fixed schedules public transportation and car-sharing service in one journey. To this end, we study a one-way, station-based electric car-sharing service interaction with public transportation. We propose an integrated route choice and EV assignment model to address the potential of car-sharing services as a feeder to the public transit network. The integrated model consists of two components, operations of the car-sharing service and the commuter’s route choice and the associated mode choice. The service provider decides on the resource levels, allocations, and relocation strategy in the first component. In the second component, the travel options for the commuters are modeled. The two-component model was simulated in an agent-based simulation based on a case study from the state of Qatar. We further extend the integrated model to include the carpooling option, in which multiple passengers sharing the same route can share the same vehicle. Extensive simulation analyses show that the integration can considerably enhance urban mobility and increase public transportation accessibility through enhanced first and last miles linkages. Moreover, the influence of transportation supply and spatial characteristics on the individual mode choice was estimated. Results indicate that public transit ridership can increase up to 17%. Moreover, adding the carpooling option can significantly decrease the number of relocations operations at a minimal impact on the commuters’ trip performance.
SS-31, a Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Ameliorates Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhu Yuexin , Luo Manyu , Bai Xue , Li Jicui , Nie Ping , Li Bing , Luo Ping
Published: June 2022

Mitochondria are essential for eukaryotic cell activity and function, and their dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of renal diseases. In recent years, there has been a rapid development in mitochondria-targeting pharmacological strategies as mitochondrial biogenesis, morphology, and function, as well as dynamic changes in mitochondria, have been studied in disease states. Mitochondria-targeting drugs include nicotinamide mononucleotide, which supplements the NAD+ pool; mitochondria-targeted protective compounds, such as MitoQ; the antioxidant coenzyme, Q10; and cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. However, traditional drugs targeting mitochondria have limited clinical applications due to their inability to be effectively absorbed by mitochondria in vivo and their high toxicity. Recently, SS-31, a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant, has received significant research attention as it decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and prevents mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation, and Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling, and has no effects on normal mitochondria. At present, few studies have evaluated the effects of SS-31 against renal diseases, and the mechanism underlying its action is unclear. In this review, we first discuss the pharmacokinetics of SS-31 and the possible mechanisms underlying its protective effects against renal diseases. Then, we analyze its renal disease-improving effects in various experimental models, including animal and cell models, and summarize the clinical evidence of its benefits in renal disease treatment. Finally, the potential mechanism underlying the action of SS-31 against renal diseases is explored to lay a foundation for future preclinical studies and for the evaluation of its clinical applications.
The Association between Skull Bone Fractures and the Mortality Outcomes of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tsai Yu-Chin , Rau Cheng-Shyuan , Huang Jin-Fu , Chang Yu-Min , Chia Kai-Jay , Hsieh Ting-Min , Chou Sheng-En , Su Wei-Ti , Hsu Shiun-Yuan , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Skull fractures are often found in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although skull fractures may indicate greater force impact and are associated with local or diffuse brain injuries, the prognostic value of skull fractures remains unclear. This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between skull fractures and mortality in patients with TBI. Methods. This study included 5,430 TBI patients registered in the trauma registry system from January 2009 to December 2018. Clinical and demographic data including age, sex, trauma mechanisms, comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, abbreviated injury score (AIS)-head, injury severity score (ISS), and in-hospital mortality were acquired. Multiple logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to elucidate the effect of skull fractures on mortality outcomes of TBI patients. Results. Compared to TBI patients without skull fracture, patients with skull fractures were predominantly male, younger, had lower GCS upon arrival at the emergency room, and had higher AIS-head, ISS, and in-hospital mortality. The patients with skull fracture had 1.7-fold adjusted odds of mortality (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–2.25;

p
<
0.001

) than those without skull fracture, controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, and AIS-head. Additionally, the propensity score-matched analysis of 1,023 selected paired patients revealed that skull fracture was significantly associated with increased 1.4-fold odds of risk for mortality (95% CI: 1.02–1.88;

p
=
0.036

). Conclusions. Using a propensity score-matched cohort to attenuate the confounding effect of age, comorbidities, and injury severity, skull fracture was identified as a significant independent risk factor for mortality in patients with TBI.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity (Excision Wound Model) of Ointment Prepared from Infusion Extract of Polyherbal Tea Bag Formulation in Diabetes-Induced Rats
Authors: Quazi Aamir , Patwekar Mohsina , Patwekar Faheem , Mezni Amine , Ahmad Irfan , Islam Fahadul
Published: June 2022

In the present investigation, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Ficus dalhousiae, Crateva magna, Alpinia galanga, and Swertia chirata plants were selected to formulate polyherbal tea bag. The infusion obtained from these polyherbal tea bags was used to formulate 5% and 10% ointment formulation to perform its wound healing activity. The excision wound model was used to assess the wound healing activity in diabetic as well nondiabetic rats. The mean percentage closure of wound area was calculated on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th, and finally 21st day. The wound healing activity of formulation was found to be significantly compared with that of the reference standard and untreated groups. The percentages of closure of excision wound area on the 21st day in diabetic animals treated with ointment formulations (F1 and F2) were found to be 93.91 ± 1.65% and 99.12 ± 5.21% respectively, whereas the chloramphenicol sodium drug solution was found to be 99.81 ± 3.16%. The percentages of closure of excision wound area in nondiabetic animals treated with ointment formulations (F1 and F2) were found to be 96.81 ± 2.04% and 98.13 ± 1.14%, respectively, whereas the chloramphenicol sodium drug solution was found to be 99.15 ± 1.41% at 21st day. Therefore, from the above results, we have concluded that this polyherbal ointment can be used clinically for the treatment of diabetic and nondiabetic wounds.
Therapeutic Effects of Modified Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction in the Treatment of Rat Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Yahong , Song Dandan , Su Jing , Zhang Fangyuan
Published: June 2022

Objective. Modified Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (MSMYA) was empirically originated from Si-Miao-Yong-An Decoction, which has been utilized for centuries to treat vasculopathy as well as heart diseases through clearing heat and detoxifying. This study aimed at confirming MSMYA’s therapeutic effects for treating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Rats were intragastrically administered with MSMYA for 4 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) operation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined by calorimetry. Coagulation function was determined using an automated coagulation analyzer. Levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-18, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Myocardial histopathological and ultrastructure changes were examined by H&E staining and electron microscopy, respectively. Relative mRNA expression of NLRP3, an apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing the caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Meanwhile, their relative protein expressions were measured using western blotting. Results. The results showed MSMYA can inhibit oxidative stress by increasing SOD and reducing MDA, suppress inflammatory reaction by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome-related cytokines’ level, improve coagulation function by increasing prothrombin time (PT) and activating partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and ameliorate myocardial histopathological and ultrastructural changes. In addition, MSMYA’s cardioprotective effects probably related to suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome molecular mRNA and protein relative expression. Conclusion. The results indicated that MSMYA played an important role in protecting the myocardium from I/R injury. The likely mechanism is the inhibition of oxidative stress, improvement of cardiac injury, and the reduction of NLRP3-related inflammatory cytokines release. This provides a basis for further research on the mechanism and clinical application of MSMYA to improve myocardial I/R injury.
Strategy Analysis of Wireless Internet of Things Technology in College English Teaching
Authors: Huang Qichao
Published: June 2022

The results of the enormous use of physical network security know-how in a wide range of fields are already visible in traffic, healthcare, logistics, and other important areas. According to the data obtained from the questionnaire, 56.16% of the students believe that the current teaching progress is relatively fast, while the students themselves are poor in learning, and they hope that teachers will adopt differentiated teaching. Through the Internet of Things technology, teaching methods, teaching resources, high-quality teachers, and other related resources are integrated to form an open teaching environment. It focuses on bringing together in one place via object network of things information about special topics such as international teachers, current methods of living and popular ways of knowing foreign cultures, and lessons taught in particular institutions, which is conducive to cultivating students’ autonomous learning ability and learning thinking. Through RFID technology, it is transmitted to data information, processing system, or physical environment to realize the interconnection and interoperability of the Internet of Things era. No matter where, when, or what objects can communicate smoothly, teaching can be worry-free.
KANO Model-Enabled Performance Evaluation of Urban Public Sports Services
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Wei
Published: June 2022

Starting from the goal of overall equalization of basic public services by 2035 as proposed in the report of the 19th Party Congress, firstly the research history of the equalization of public sports services in China is analyzed in stages, and a solid theoretical foundation is laid for the construction of the evaluation index system. Secondly, the performance evaluation system of urban public sports services, which is based on KANO model, is constructed by combining the current development status of public sports services in China. Additionally, fuzzy KANO model is used to analyze and categorize the collected indicators and establish a user-oriented evaluation index system. Finally, an empirical study was conducted on a region using the evaluation system, and the results showed that the degree of equalization of public sports services in the region was achieved to a high degree and was basically close to reaching the target requirement of equalization.
A Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for Unbiased Prediction of Caesarean Section Based on Features Extraction and Optimized Classification
Authors: Javeed Ashir , Ali Liaqat , Mohammed Seid Abegaz , Ali Arif , Khan Dilpazir , Imrana Yakubu
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, caesarean section (CS) is given preference over vaginal birth and this trend is rapidly rising around the globe, although CS has serious complications such as pregnancy scar, scar dehiscence, and morbidly adherent placenta. Thus, CS should only be performed when it is absolutely necessary for mother and fetus. To avoid unnecessary CS, researchers have developed different machine-learning- (ML-) based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for CS prediction using electronic health record of the pregnant women. However, previously proposed methods suffer from the problems of poor accuracy and biasedness in ML. To overcome these problems, we have designed a novel CDSS where random oversampling example (ROSE) technique has been used to eliminate the problem of minority classes in the dataset. Furthermore, principal component analysis has been employed for feature extraction from the dataset while, for classification purpose, random forest (RF) model is deployed. We have fine-tuned the hyperparameter of RF using a grid search algorithm for optimal classification performance. Thus, the newly proposed system is named ROSE-PCA-RF and it is trained and tested using an online CS dataset available on the UCI repository. In the first experiment, conventional RF model is trained and tested on the dataset while in the second experiment, the proposed model is tested. The proposed ROSE-PCA-RF model improved the performance of traditional RF by 4.5% with reduced time complexity, while only using two extracted features through the PCA. Moreover, the proposed model has obtained 96.29% accuracy on training data while improving the accuracy of 97.12% on testing data.
lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 Facilitates Tumorigenesis and Ferroptosis Resistance through SLC7A11 by IGF2BP2 Pathway in Melanoma
Authors: An Lifeng , Huang Jingwen , Ge Shihui , Zhang Xin , Wang Jing
Published: June 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) stand as indispensable regulators of initiation and development in melanoma (melanoma). However, the action molecular mechanisms linked to melanoma remain unclear. In the current study, the findings revealed that AGAP2-AS1 was considerably greater in melanoma than in healthy tissues and that the level of AGAP2-AS1 in cancer tissue was significantly linked to the cancerous TNM stage of patients. Individuals with high AGAP2-AS1 had a considerably shorter survival duration than patients with low AGAP2-AS1, regardless of progression-free survival or overall survival. Functionally, downregulating the expression of AGAP2-AS1 can inhibit the growth of melanocytes. Compared with the control group, AGAP2-AS1 knockdown increased Erastin-mediated iron death in melanoma cells. However, iron death inhibitor FERSINT-1 restored this effect, while Erastin induced melanoma cell death. Besides, intracellular iron and Fe2+ levels increased after AGAP2-AS1 knockdown in melanoma cells treated with Erastin compared with the si-NC group. In addition, AGAP2-AS1 silencing resulted in a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) content in Erastin-treated melanoma cells. The mechanistic results suggest AGAP2-AS1 increases SLC7A11 mRNA stability through the IGF2BP2 pathway. In this investigation, we discovered new activities for AGAP2-AS1 and firstly discovered its mechanistic basis in ferroptosis and melanoma formation that might help in the search for potential therapy options in melanoma.
Less Intensive Regimens May Still Be Suitable for the Initial Treatment of Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Velasques Rodrigo Dolphini , da Silva Wellington F , Bellesso Marcelo , Rocha Vanderson , Pereira Juliana
Published: June 2022

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is an uncommon disease, consisting of 2–4% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Radiotherapy-free DA-EPOCH-R and R-CHOP plus radiotherapy (RT) have been the upfront standard regimens worldwide. However, performing DA-EPOCH-R in resource-constrained settings can be burdensome, especially in low/middle-income countries, where data on PMBCL are still largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 93 patients with PMBCL diagnosed between 2008 and 2018 with the intention of comparing the characteristics of the patients and the results obtained with each protocol and to verify if the use of less intensive chemotherapy is still possible to be used. The median age was 28 years, 59.1% were female, 42.3% were in advanced stages, and 92.1% were with bulky disease. DA-EPOCH-R (41.9%), R-CHOP (35.5%), and R-CHOEP (22.6%) were the regimens used, and no difference was observed in the characteristics of the patients. After four cycles of chemotherapy, complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and progressive disease (PD) rates were 40%, 55.7%, and 4.5%, respectively. At the end of treatment, metabolic CR and PD rates were 56.8% and 11.1%. RT was performed in 42.1% of DA-EPOCH-R, 75% of R-CHOP, and 83% of R-CHOEP, and switched PR to CR in 73.7%. Estimated 5-year PFS and OS were 77.2% and 77.4%, respectively. Only LDH levels remained independently associated with PFS, and type of treatment was not associated with OS, PFS, or relapse rate. Therefore, we conclude that in a resource-constrained setting, R-CHOP or R-CHOEP could be still safely adopted in upfront treatment for PMBCL.
WiFi-Based Indoor Positioning and Communication: Empirical Model and Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Han Zhaoyang , Wang Ziyue , Huang Huakun , Zhao Lingjun , Su Chunhua
Published: June 2022

GPS (Global Positioning System) has been developed more mature and perfect in outdoor positioning. However, because GPS signals cannot be effectively transmitted in a complex indoor environment, positioning and navigation cannot be performed in typical situations such as indoor emergency occurrence location determination, shopping mall guides, and intelligent service robot fixed-point services. With the deepening of related researches, technologies based on ultrasound, WiFi, Bluetooth, radio frequency identification, infrared, etc. have been used to achieve indoor target positioning. The traditional WiFi-based indoor positioning technology uses the RSS value and CSI value of the WiFi signal to build a fingerprint database for positioning. The algorithm is complex and highly cost, and the function is relatively single. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a new algorithm for integrating indoor target positioning and communication based on WiFi signals. Using RSS value of WiFi signal for target location and using CSI value for indoor wireless channel modeling to get the system transmission function to achieve communication purpose, the experimental results show that the positioning algorithm can achieve positioning within the ideal accuracy range, and the communication algorithm part can accurately recover the system function of the wireless multipath channel and finally achieve the goal of integration of positioning and communication based on the WiFi signal level.
GRUBin: Time-Series Forecasting-Based Efficient Garbage Monitoring and Management System for Smart Cities
Authors: Mishra Dhaneshwar , Vajire Sujal Laxmikant , Saxena Siddhant , Gupta Punit , Saini Dinesh Kumar , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Rao G. Madhusudhana
Published: June 2022

The waste management of an evolving smart city environment is one of the most important tasks as the living conditions and health of the population depend on proper waste management. Currently deployed systems are failing to monitor the garbage production as they use IoT-based pipelines to monitor the production in a locality, but often the device is used to get destroyed by the frequent use of dustbin. This leads to an increase in expenditure and affects the sustainability of the system. In this work, we propose an efficient and scalable garbage monitoring and collection methodology based on time-series forecasting techniques. The proposed system is also cost-effective because of the iterative deployment of rented IoT sensors, which are used to collect time series format data and then used to train the forecasting module to learn the temporal representation of the data that can produce accurate results for monitoring the fill-up time of the garbage collector. We also propose an efficient collection in-routing technique based on the ranking of bin stations on the basis of temporal and spatial data of the fill-up time and route location to minimize the collection time by making an efficient routing algorithm for garbage collection. This concept of garbage collection will be very useful for smart city planners.
Computed Tomography Image under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Evaluate the Nursing and Treatment Effect of Pemetrexed Combined Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy on Elderly Lung Cancer
Authors: Gu Qing , Li Shu’e
Published: June 2022

This study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of pemetrexed combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy in the treatment of elderly lung cancer using electronic computed tomography (CT) images based on artificial intelligence algorithms. In this study, 80 elderly patients with lung cancer treated were selected and randomly divided into two groups: patients treated with pemetrexed combined with cisplatin were included in the pemetrexed group and patients treated with docetaxel combined with cisplatin were included in the docetaxel group, with 40 cases in each group. The DenseNet network was compared with the Let Net‐5 and ResNet model and applied to the CT images of 80 elderly patients with lung cancer. The diagnosis accuracy of the DenseNet network (97.4%) was higher than that of the Let Net‐5 network (80.1%) and ResNet model (95.5%). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin fragment antigen 21–1 (CYFRA 21–1), and squamous cell‐associated antigen (SCC) after chemotherapy in the pemetrexed group and docetaxel group were all lower than those before chemotherapy, showing statistically obvious differences (P < 0.05). The satisfaction degree of nursing care in the pemetrexed group (92.67%) was significantly higher than that in the docetaxel group (85.62%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions such as fatigue, diarrhea, and neutrophils in the pemetrexed group were lower than those in the docetaxel group, and the difference was statistically great (P < 0.05). The DenseNet convolutional neural network has high diagnostic accuracy; methotrexate combined with platinum chemotherapy can improve the chemotherapy effect in elderly patients with lung cancer, with low degree of adverse reactions and good overall tolerance, which can be used as the first‐line treatment for elderly patients with lung cancer.
The Combined Clinical Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Adoptive Immunotherapy with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Zhiming , He Honggui , Chen Liqun
Published: June 2022

Objective. To explore the differential efficacy of chemoradiotherapy combined with adoptive immunotherapy and radiochemotherapy alone in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Qualified randomized controlled trial (randomized controlled trial, RCT), or nonrandomized concurrent controlled trial (NRCCT), published in various databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese journal full-text database, Medline, Cochrane database, and VIP Chinese database, and the Revman5. 0 software performed the data analysis. Results. We found the significantly different curative effect between the experimental and control groups (

OR
=
1.94

, 95% CI (1.46, 2.58),

P
<
0.001

,

I

2

=
0
%

,

Z
=
4.59

), effect of adoptive immunotherapy on the progression of disease (

OR
=
1.80

, 95% CI (1.38, 2.35),

P
<
0.001

,

I

2

=
0
%

,

Z
=
4.33

), adoptive immunotherapy on overall survival (

OR
=
2.19

, 95% CI (1.60, 2.99),

P
<
0.001

,

I

2

=
0
%

,

Z
=
4.91

), and adverse effects of adoptive immunotherapy (

OR
=
1.76

, 95% CI (1.25, 2.48),

P
=
0.001

,

I

2

=
0
%

,

Z
=
3.26

). Conclusion. Adoptive immunotherapy combined with microradiotherapy can decrease the recurrence of NSCLC and improve patient survival, as well as early patients can be benefited more significantly from immunotherapy.
[Retracted] The Value of m5C‐Related lncRNAs in the Prognostic Assessment and Immunotherapy of Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Chenxi , Zhu Xinying , Kong Fanting , Zhang Xiaochong , Chai Xiukun , Zou Chunyan , Zhao Dongqiang
Published: June 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with a variety of tumors, including stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). However, the role of 5‐methylcytosine‐ (m5C‐) related lncRNAs in STAD is still uncertain. This study investigated the value of m5C‐related lncRNAs in prognostic evaluation and immunotherapy of STAD. STAD transcriptome sequencing data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and m5C‐related lncRNAs were screened by Pearson correlation analysis. A prognostic m5C‐related lncRNA signature (m5CRLSig) associated with STAD was established using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We constructed a prognostic risk model for STAD with six m5C‐related lncRNAs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to examine the predictive efficacy. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) validated m5CRLSig as an independent factor of STAD prognosis. The clinicopathological characteristics of the model showed higher risk scores for stages II‐IV, grade 3, N1‐3, and death status. The calibration curve of a nomogram revealed that the nomogram had an excellent predictive function for survival risk. Furthermore, the expression of six m5C‐related lncRNAs in STAD and paracancerous tissues was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), which verified the feasibility of the m5CRLSig as a prognostic marker for STAD. m5C‐related lncRNAs were linked to multiple immune‐associated pathways, according to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). CIBERSORT analysis indicated that m5CRLSig was involved in immune cell infiltration. Risk score was associated with immune checkpoint gene expression, immune function scores, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. Therefore, m5CRLSig can efficiently assess the prognosis of STAD patients and can be used as a biological marker for immunotherapy.
Curcumin Improved Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Up-Regulating ZO-1/Occludin/Claudin-1 in Septic Rats
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Zhu Hongquan
Published: June 2022

Objective. To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin on intestinal barrier function in rats with enterogenic sepsis. Methods. Rats were divided into Sham group (Sham), Model group (Model), low-dose curcumin group (100 mg/kg), and high-dose curcumin group (200 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. Sepsis model was established in model group, low-dose curcumin group, and high-dose curcumin group. After drug intervention, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of small intestine in each group. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and intestinal tissues of rats were determined by ELISA. The expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in ileum was detected by QRT-PCR and Western blot. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of ERK/JNK signaling pathway, NF-κB p65, apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3, and TNF-α in rat intestinal tissues. Results. HE staining showed that curcumin treatment reduced epithelial cell shedding, interstitial edema, and apoptosis. Compared with model group, DAO activity, serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression in curcumin group were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin can upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in ileum of CLP-induced rats. In addition, curcumin inhibits NF-κB p65 activation and apoptosis by regulating ERK/JNK signaling pathway. Conclusion. Curcumin can reduce inflammatory response and upregulate the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in rats with enterogenic sepsis, and protect intestinal barrier function.
Statistical Learning-Based Spatial Downscaling Models for Precipitation Distribution
Authors: Wu Yichen , Zhang Zhihua , Crabbe M. James C. , Chandra Das Lipon
Published: June 2022

The downscaling technique produces high spatial resolution precipitation distribution in order to analyze impacts of climate change in data-scarce regions or local scales. In this study, based on three statistical learning algorithms, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest regression (RF), and gradient boosting regressor (GBR), we proposed an efficient downscaling approach to produce high spatial resolution precipitation. In order to demonstrate efficiency and accuracy of our models over traditional multilinear regression (MLR) downscaling models, we did a downscaling analysis for daily observed precipitation data from 34 monitoring sites in Bangladesh. Validation revealed that

R

2

of GBR could reach 0.98, compared with RF (0.94), SVM (0.88), and multilinear regression (MLR) (0.69) models, so the GBR-based downscaling model had the best performance among all four downscaling models. We suggest that the GBR-based downscaling models should be used to replace traditional MLR downscaling models to produce a more accurate map of high-resolution precipitation for flood disaster management, drought forecasting, and long-term planning of land and water resources.
[Retracted] A Deep Learning Framework for Earlier Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy from Fundus Photographs
Authors: Gunasekaran K. , Pitchai R. , Chaitanya Gogineni Krishna , Selvaraj D. , Annie Sheryl S. , Almoallim Hesham S. , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Raghavan S. S. , Tesemma Belachew Girma
Published: June 2022

Diabetic patients can also be identified immediately utilizing retinopathy photos, but it is a challenging task. The blood veins visible in fundus photographs are used in several disease diagnosis approaches. We sought to replicate the findings published in implementation and verification of a deep learning approach for diabetic retinopathy identification in retinal fundus pictures. To address this issue, the suggested investigative study uses recurrent neural networks (RNN) to retrieve characteristics from deep networks. As a result, using computational approaches to identify certain disorders automatically might be a fantastic solution. We developed and tested several iterations of a deep learning framework to forecast the progression of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic individuals who have undergone teleretinal diabetic retinopathy assessment in a basic healthcare environment. A collection of one‐field or three‐field colour fundus pictures served as the input for both iterations. Utilizing the proposed DRNN methodology, advanced identification of the diabetic state was performed utilizing HE detected in an eye’s blood vessel. This research demonstrates the difficulties in duplicating deep learning approach findings, as well as the necessity for more reproduction and replication research to verify deep learning techniques, particularly in the field of healthcare picture processing. This development investigates the utilization of several other Deep Neural Network Frameworks on photographs from the dataset after they have been treated to suitable image computation methods such as local average colour subtraction to assist in highlighting the germane characteristics from a fundoscopy, thus, also enhancing the identification and assessment procedure of diabetic retinopathy and serving as a skilled guidelines framework for practitioners all over the globe.
Profile of Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Skin Burns
Authors: Mrabti Hanae Naceiri , Doudach Latifa , Mekkaoui Mouna , Khalil Zineb , Harraqui Khouloud , Fozia Fozia , Naceiri Mrabti Nidal , El-Shazly Mohamed , Alotaibi Amal , Ullah Riaz , Faouzi Moulay El Abbes , Bouyahya Abdelhakim
Published: June 2022

Moroccan folk healers use medicinal plants to treat several diseases including skin burns. The traditional knowledge of wound healing is not common among the general population. Only one ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Rabat, Morocco, to track the traditional use of medicinal plants in wound healing. Therefore, our report aimed to study the medicinal plants used in Taza region to treat wound healing. In total, 218 individuals participated in this survey. More than 40 medicinal plants belonging to 30 botanical families were cited as anti-burn remedies. The most commonly used medicinal plants were Agave sisalana L., Nerium oleander L., Tetraclinis articulata Benth., Lawsonia inermis L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso., and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Most of the used medicinal plants belong to Asteraceae family. Comparing our results with the previous survey, we noted that twelve plants were reported for the first time as wound healing agents. The ethnomedicinal use showed that plants leaves are the most commonly used parts. Pulverization was the selected method of preparation. The direct application of powder to the burns was the most common way of treatment. Our study revealed, for the first time, the importance of medicinal plants to treat skin burns in Taza region. Our results could be considered as the stepping stone for creating a database of wound healing medicinal plants to promote scientific studies on these plants revealing their constituents and side effects.
Design of Resource-Aware Load Allocation for Heterogeneous Fog Computing Environments
Authors: Hassan Syed Rizwan , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Hussen Seada , Hamam Habib
Published: June 2022

The architecture employed by most of the researchers for the deployment of latency-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) applications is fog computing. Fog computing architecture offers less delay as compared to the cloud computing paradigm by providing resource constraint fog devices close to the edge of the network. Fog nodes process the incoming data by utilizing available resources which reduces the volume of data to be sent to the cloud server. Fog devices having dissimilar processing capabilities are present in a system. The connection of suitable sensor nodes to the parent fog node plays an essential role in achieving the optimum performance of the system. In this paper, we have designed an algorithm that dynamically assigns appropriate sensor devices to fog nodes to achieve a reduction in network utilization and latency. The proposed algorithm estimates the volume of information detected by an edge device from the rate of sensing frequency of the sensor attached to the edge device. The proposed policy while connecting the network nodes takes into account the heterogeneity and processing capability of the devices. Several evaluations are performed on multiple scales for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. The outcomes of the evaluations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in achieving a reduction in network consumption and end-to-end delay.
Sum of the Hurwitz‐Lerch Zeta Function over Natural Numbers: Derivation and Evaluation
Authors: Reynolds Robert , Stauffer Allan
Published: June 2022

We consider a Hurwitz‐Lerch zeta function Φ(s, z, a) sum over the natural numbers. We provide an analytically continued closed form solution for this sum in terms of the addition of Hurwitz‐Lerch zeta functions. A new recurrence identity with consecutive neighbours and the product of trigonometric functions is derived.
Intelligent Online Monitoring Technology of Green Power Transmission and Transformation Equipment Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Li Junchao , Tian Yuan , Zhang Chen
Published: June 2022

To address the problems of insufficient real-time monitoring data, insufficient accuracy, and low reliability of current power grid monitoring systems, we offer intelligent online monitoring technology research of green energy transmission and conversion devices based on Internet technology. The sensor tag is integrated with various electrical equipment status monitoring sensors, so that the electrical equipment status acquisition terminal has the ability of recognition and perception. Firstly, the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in substation are analyzed, and the propagation path loss model of electromagnetic wave is established. Secondly, a multiantenna RFID system is proposed to solve the problem of electromagnetic wave multipath effect. Moreover, the communication channel model of substation multiantenna (radio frequency identification, RFID) monitoring system is established, the factors affecting the performance of substation multiantenna RFID system are analyzed, and the precautions for the installation of multiantenna RFID system are put forward. A new anticollision algorithm is proposed compared to the traditional algorithm, based on the interference of collisions between the sensor markings of the multiantenna RFID control system in the substation. The results show that as the number of sensor markings increases, the total duration of the enhanced adaptive time slot and multitree search collision (improved adaptive time slot and multitree search anticollision, IATMSA) algorithm is always less than that of the IAMS algorithm and the square algorithm, basically maintained at 50% to 60%, up to about 75%. In the improved adaptive multitree search (improved adaptive multitree search, IAMS) anticollision algorithm, the IAMS algorithm determines the choice by calculating the size of the collision factor. The binary tree algorithm is basically about 45%, and the quadtree algorithm is basically about 30%. Figure shows the online monitoring technology for power transmission and conversion devices based on Internet of Things technology.
Potential Reduction in Adverse Events and Cost with Novel Anticoagulants among Patients with Acute Limb Ischemia
Authors: Freeman Scott , Williams Piper , Barón Anna E. , Plomondon Mary E. , Waldo Stephen W.
Published: June 2022

Background. Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Novel anticoagulants reduce adverse events among patients with peripheral artery disease, though the potential effect of these therapies is unclear in patients with ALI. The present study thus sought to evaluate the potential clinical benefit of universal application of novel anticoagulants to a high-risk population of patients with ALI. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, we identified patients diagnosed with ALI in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System between 2015 and 2016. We then calculated the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events (death/stroke/myocardial infarction/amputation/repeat intervention) as if they were treated with rivaroxaban using published data. Further, we calculated the cost to treat a Veteran diagnosed with one of these outcomes, and the potential savings had patients been universally treated with novel anticoagulants. Results. We identified 286 patients that presented with lower extremity ALI and were not treated with anticoagulation. Potential treatment of these patients with rivaroxaban resulted in significantly fewer adverse events, with an 11.9% reduction in cases at 21 months (95% CI: 5.5-17.8%) and a 13.4% reduction in cases at 47 months (95% CI: 5.6-20.5%). This corresponded to significant decreases in healthcare spending for patients with ALI who were treated with rivaroxaban. Conclusions. Among patients with ALI, treatment with rivaroxaban could result in a significant reduction in adverse cardiovascular events. The reduction in events would in turn lead to significant decreases in healthcare spending for this population.
The Influence of Financial Cognition on Rural Families’ Participation in Financial Market—An Empirical Test Based on the Risk Classification of Financial Assets
Authors: Shang Chenyang , Li Jianxiong
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the per capita disposable income of Chinese residents has notably improved, and there are more and more residents participating in the financial market. Using 2015 CHFS data, this study divides financial assets into three categories according to asset risk: no risk, low risk, and high risk, and studies its impact on rural families’ participation in the financial market from the financial cognitive point of view. The main conclusions are as follows: China’s rural families are still mostly cash, demand deposits, and time deposits for participating in the financial market, and it is hard to accept other risk assets; financial cognition effectively improves the participation of rural households in the financial market, especially in the high-risk asset market; financial cognition will weaken the impact of other variables on rural households’ participation in the financial market, including risk-free asset market and risk asset market.