bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JUSTIÇA DE SEGUNDA CLASSE? UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DA “OBRIGATORIEDADE” DA AUDIÊNCIA DE AUTOCOMPOSIÇÃO INSTITUÍDA PELO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Costa Fabrício Veiga
Published: February 2021

O Brasil possui demasiado acervo de processos nos Tribunais, culminando no considerável descrédito da sociedade em relação à justiça. Sob este prisma, os meios autocompositivos funcionam como uma alternativa à atual ineficiência gerada pelo mencionado excesso de judicialização. A escolha do tema se justifica na necessidade de fortalecer as soluções dialogadas e não impositivas de resolução de conflitos, indispensáveis à construção democrática e participada do provimento final pelos sujeitos envolvidos no conflito. O código de processo civil brasileiro de 2015 instituiu a obrigatoriedade de comparecimento das partes nas audiências de conciliação e mediação, para permitir que as mesmas conheçam os meios autocompositivos e compreendam outras formas de resolução da lide jurídica e sociológica, tendo a liberdade de resolver ou não o conflito de forma consensual. Por meio de uma equipe com formação transdisciplinar, as partes poderão compreender as raízes do conflito e pelo princípio da oralidade os sujeitos estreitarão o diálogo, enxergarão o conflito e se enxergarão no conflito, antes de construir o provimento final. O sistema multiportas oferece opções às partes para resolver o conflito, superando-se a cultura da litigiosidade e rompendo com a heterocompositividade típica da jurisdição autocrática. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, demonstrou-se que a justiça de primeira classe é aquela que oferece diversas opções de escolhas para resolver conflitos; já a justiça de segunda classe impõe os meios autocompositivos com o objetivo de desafogar o judiciário.
O FEMINISMO NEGRO: MOVIMENTO SOCIAL GARANTIDOR DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DAS MULHERES NEGRAS
Authors: Cardin Valéria Silva Galdino , Cazelatto Caio Eduardo Costa , Franchini Rafaelle
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo analisou, por meio da revisão bibliográfica, os aspectos históricos do movimento social feminista surgido na década de 70 com as mulheres escolarizadas, profissionais, sindicalistas, cuja finalidade era lutar pelos direitos desse público, bem como questionar o patriarcado e o sexismo fortemente consolidado na sociedade da época. Trata-se de um movimento social que acabou por não representar efetivamente as reivindicações das mulheres negras, advindas do período de escravidão, sem qualquer escolaridade, abusadas, violentadas e que não possuíam qualquer identificação com o movimento feminista inicial. Surge, então, a necessidade de se investigar a trajetória dessas mulheres, investigando-se os reflexos que a escravidão e a marginalização social acarretam historicamente a esse segmento vulnerável até os dias atuais.
A ORIGEM GREGA DO DIREITO DE ENFITEUSE
Authors: Hirata Alessandro , Silveira Laudevino Bento dos Santos Neto da
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo apresenta como escopo o estudo e a análise das origens do direito real de enfiteuse. O referido ius in re, assim qualificado, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, por força do art. 674, I, do Código Civil de 1916, ainda persiste em diversos pontos do território brasileiro. A enfiteuse já era utilizada no Direito Romano, principalmente durante o direito justinianeu, o que induziria, prima facie, à ideia de ter sido originada naquele sistema jurídico. Contudo, a composição grega do nome da figura (ἐμ + φύτευσις) traz à baila a discussão acerca de sua origem. Assim, este trabalho procurou perquirir a gênese da enfiteuse, através do método de direito comparado histórico, lançando mão da exegese de diversas fontes, de diferentes períodos históricos, bem como do estudo de diferentes posições doutrinárias sobre a figura, a fim de se encontrar elementos que comprovem sua origem.
Estimación y modelización de la dispersión de black carbon en el Valle de Aburrá, Colombia
Authors: Roldan-Vargas Juan Camilo , Toro-Gómez Maria Victoria , Marín-Sánchez Alejandro
Published: February 2021

A partir del inventario de emisiones del Valle de Aburrá (año 2015), ubicado en el departamento de Antioquia – Colombia, en este estudio se presenta la estimación de emisiones de Black Carbón (BC) de la región, así como la dispersión de este contaminante y la evaluación del Modelo de Calidad del Aire Comprehensivo con Extensiones (CAMx) y el modelo BRAMS, en la zona de estudio. Las emisiones totales estimadas de BC fueron de 850 toneladas donde el 97 % de éstas se deben al sector transporte, donde la categoría camiones seguido de la categoría volquetas son los mayores emisores de este contaminante, aportando el 43 % y 37 %, respectivamente. El combustible diésel es el principal responsable por las emisiones de BC con el 95 % del total de las emisiones. La concentración máxima de BC para el 9 de noviembre de 2016 en el punto estudiado, fue de 8.47 mg/m3 a las 7 horas, donde el área de mayor impacto se encuentra localizada en el centro de Medellín y el norte de este municipio. El desempeño del modelo CAMx (inferencia difusa) para predecir las concentraciones de BC para el día de estudio, se encuentra en el 66 %. El modelo BRAMS se ajusta a los datos reales de las variables meteorológicas estudiadas (temperatura y humedad relativa), con errores MAPE menores al 3 %, para el día en que el modelo fue evaluado.
Development of nanoemulsions containing penciclovir for herpes simplex treatment and a liquid chromatographic method to drug assessment in porcine skin layers
Authors: Meira Alianise Da Silva , Battistel Ana Paula , Teixeira Helder Ferreira , Volpato Nadia Maria
Published: February 2021

A successful formulation (penciclovir hydrogel nanoemulsion - HN) to be used in transdermal drug delivery route to treat herpes simplex virus was developed and an analytical method to quantify penciclovir (PCV) in porcine ear skin was stablished and validated. PCV nanoemulsions were prepared by high pressure homogenization and presented spherical mean droplet size 180 nm. The association efficiency and zeta potential were 87% and– 27 mV, respectively. The bioanalytical method developed showed specificity for the interferences from the skin matrixes (epidermis and dermis) and the linearity was in the range 0.1 – 25 μg/mL of drug, The mean recovery data for the three levels tested were 95.2% for the epidermis and 97.3% for the dermis and adequate results were obtained for repeatability and inter-day precision.  In vitro percutaneous absorption studies with the PCV nanoemulsion and a market cream were conducted employing the porcine skin.The cumulative amounts of PCV permeated from cream and HN, 8 h after dosing, were 2.60 and 4.15 μg/cm², respectively, representing a quite higher flux and a much higher permeability coefficient for the developed formulation. It can be concluded that HN provide a good skin targeting effect and may be a promising carrier for topical delivery of penciclovir.
Institutional environment, competencies and firm export performance: A study of the emerging country
Authors: Siddiqui Areej Aftab , Singh Parul
Published: February 2021

The study is an attempt to examine the determinants and impact of export propensity and export intensity for firm-level performance in India. The factors determining export propensity are political stability, corruption, and competition from the informal sector while the determinants of export intensity in the present study are identified as a skill of the labour force, the technological capability of a firm, and foreign ownership of technology in a firm in India. A two-stage Heckman selection model has been advanced to investigate the linkage between the export performance of Indian firms with the home institutional environment and firm competencies. Firm-level data of approximately 8,000 Indian firms are used as available from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys (WBES) database. The results indicate that political stability and competition effect export propensity of Indian firms while export intensity is impacted by access to technology and employing skilled labour. The study has important theoretical implications in terms of understanding the exporting behaviour of firms. It indicates that the decision of firms to export and their export performance are interlinked. It is affirmed that export intensity is dependent on firm-specific competencies while institutions indirectly influence the decision of firms to export. The policy measures of Skill India and Make in India strongly favour increased access to the skilled labour force and strengthening the domestic industry which may lead to an increase in the export intensity of Indian firms. The recent institutional measures adopted favour a stable environment of doing business as well as providing firms opportunities to focus and leverage their competencies in the best possible manner. The current nascent steps of policy reforms need to be aggressively implemented for enhanced export capabilities of Indian firms
Gastrin/CCK2R alleviates mucus barrier loss via β-arrestin1/NF-κBp65 signaling in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Tan Siwei , Peng Xiuying , Liu Xianzhi , Tan Shuyan , Huang Xiaoli , Pan Xuemei , Jiang Jie , Liu Huiling , Tao Jin , Wu Bin
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose: The defective colonic mucus barrier is a feature
of ulcerative colitis (UC) that enables increased bacterial contact with
the epithelium, which triggers mucosal damage, and gastrin has been
reported to be able to promote healing through the cholecystokinin 2
receptor (CCK2R) signaling to increase epithelial regeneration and
protect against colonic injury. However, the role of gastrin in UC
remains unclear. Experimental Approach: Colonic samples from human
sections and mouse models using β-arrestin1 wild-type
(β-arr1-WT) and β-arrestin1 knockout (β-arr1-KO)
littermates, intestinal epithelial cells specific NF-κBp65
deletion (NF-κBp65) and wild-type
(NF-κBp65) mice were analyzed. The
mucosal injury, goblet cells status, MUC2 expression and bacteria
penetration/colonisation were examined, and the effect of gastrin in
colitis was also investigated. Key Results: We demonstrate that mucus
barrier loss and bacterial colonisation of the crypts were observed in
colitis, and exogenous gastrin could restore the mucus barrier, reduce
bacterial colonisation of the colonic crypts and alleviate colitis via
CCK2R. Furthermore, targeting CCK2R by YF476, β-arrestin1
(β-arr1) deletion or intestinal epithelial NF-κBp65
deficiency breached gastrin-mediated mucus barrier restoration and
mucosal protection in colitis. Conclusion and Implications: These data
demonstrate that gastrin alleviates mucus barrier loss and bacterial
colonisation of the colonic crypts via CCK2R/β-arr1/NF-κBp65 signaling
in colitis, and this network may be a potential therapeutic target for
UC.
Infrahyoid thyroglossal cyst and Neck trauma - A diagnostic conundrum
Authors: CHIRAKKAL PRAMOD , Hail Amira Al , Burzeiza Hala , Khafaji Ali Al , Mashhadani Shakir Al
Published: February 2021

Thyroglossal duct cysts are most commonly located inferior to the hyoid
bone in close relation with the thyrohyoid membrane. Very rarely, they
may occupy the posterior hyoid space, and present with dysphagia. We
present the clinical, pathophysiologic features and the iintraoperative
findings of thisrarely described clinical entity
African Economic Integration Development in Technological Transformation: Accessing the Importance of Ethical Leadership for Policy Implementation in SADC
Authors: Enaifoghe Andrew , Dlamini Nomaswazi P. , Agwuna Leonard U.
Published: February 2021

Most African states have suffered from severe macroeconomic disequilibria, foreign debt service burdens, and over-valued currencies. The lack of ethical leadership on policy implementation has led most Africa countries to linger highly behind in terms of development. Many countries are reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity on the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the full integration of Africa in terms of trade and migration, using the Southern African sub-regional integration as a case study. This study looks at the Southern African economic integration development and the importance of having ethical leadership for policy implementation. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains. The neo-Functionalist theory was applied and findings show that there is a failure to meet set targets in the SADC plan which has established a bad precedent for the sub-regions for African development, the failure is seen as lacking ethical leadership. It recommends that there is a need for African states to improve its infrastructure, recognise the capacity of the private sector to generate wealth and induce development, with open economies to member’s states.
Philosophie in der Pandemie? Einleitung: „Die Corona-Pandemie – Praktische Philosophie in Ausnahmesituationen“
Authors: Klonschinski Andrea
Published: February 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie bestimmt seit fast einem Jahr nicht nur unseren Alltag, sondern ist in zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen zum Gegenstand der Auseinandersetzung avanciert. Während allerdings beispielsweise Medizin und Public Health offensichtlich eine wichtige Rolle für die Bekämpfung der Pandemie spielen, lässt sich durchaus die Frage stellen, welchen Beitrag die Philosophie in einer solchen, anhaltenden Ausnahmesituation spielen kann und spielen sollte. In der Einleitung zum Schwerpunkt zur Corona-Pandemie werden daher drei Interpretationen des Einwands, es sei illegitim, dass sich die Philosophie mitten in der Krise zu dieser äußere, diskutiert und zurückgewiesen. Philosophische Auseinandersetzungen mit der Corona-Pandemie in der Corona-Pandemie, so das Fazit, können einen relevanten Beitrag sowohl zur fachinternen als auch zur öffentlichen Debatte leisten, sind nicht per se pietätlos gegenüber Betroffenen und stellen auch keine spezifische Ungerechtigkeit gegenüber den von der Pandemie stärker betroffenen Kolleg*innen dar.
#stayathome als Kolonialisierung der lokalen Privatheit? Eine ethische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Wert des Privaten in Zeiten einer globalen Pandemie
Authors: Buhr Eike
Published: February 2021

Im Rahmen der Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Covid-19- Pandemie sind die Bürgerinnen und Bürger in Deutschland und vielen anderen Ländern dazu angehalten (gewesen), weitestgehend in ihren Privatwohnungen zu bleiben. Wurde der Wert des Privaten in der liberalen Tradition gerade im Rückzug von und als Schutz vor der politischen Öffentlichkeit sowie administrativen Eingriffen gesehen, wird das Private damit nun unmittelbar politischen Anforderungen unterworfen. Indem die Kontrolle über die Gewährung und Verwehrung des Zugangs zum Privaten eingeschränkt worden ist und keinen frei gewählten Rückzugsort mehr darstellt, verändert sich auch die Wahrnehmung lokaler Privatheit. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob die lokale Privatheit ihren Wert verliert und hier bereits von einer „Kolonialisierung“ der lokalen Privatheit gesprochen werden muss. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll ausgehend von feministischer Kritik liberaler Verständnisse lokaler Privatheit argumentiert werden, dass die These der strikten Trennung von Öffentlichkeit und Privatheit empirisch unzutreffend und normativ unangemessen ist. Davon ausgehend können Legitimitätsbedingungen öffentlichen Eingreifens in die lokale Privatheit entwickelt und die pandemiebedingten Maßnahmen hinsichtlich ihrer Legitimität überprüft werden. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass sich hierbei zwar nur eingeschränkt von einer Kolonialisierung sprechen lässt, sich die Wahrnehmung der lokalen Privatheit im Zuge der Ausgangs- und Kontaktbeschränkungen jedoch zu Lasten ihres Wertes verändert hat.
Naturverhältnisse in der Krise: Gesellschaftliches Handeln und natürliche Prozessualität in der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Heller Jonas
Published: February 2021

In der gegenwärtigen Corona-Krise erscheinen die Entstehung der Krise – die Verbreitung der Krankheit Covid-19 zur Pandemie – und die Bewältigung der Krise – die rechtlichen Einschränkungen und Maßnahmen – scharf getrennt. Die Entstehung der Krise geht auf ein Stück Natur zurück, auf ein für Menschen bedrohliches Virus. Die Bewältigung der Krise geht mit staatlichem und gesellschaftlichem Handeln einher, das in zahlreichen Ländern im Rahmen rechtlicher Ausnahmezustände erfolgte. Den markanten Trennungspunkt zwischen Entstehung und Bewältigung der Krise bildet die Ausrufung der Ausnahmemaßnahmen, durch die in das Pandemiegeschehen interveniert wurde. Diese Einteilung kann den Eindruck erwecken, die mit Natur verbundene Entstehung der Krise sei eine Zeit, die gänzlich vor dem Handeln liegt: eben die Zeit des natürlichen Prozesses, die von der mit Handeln verbundenen Bewältigung der Krise abgekoppelt sei. Dieser Aufsatz zielt demgegenüber darauf, die Phasen der Entstehung und der Bewältigung der Corona- Krise in ihrer jeweiligen Ambivalenz hervortreten zu lassen. Das Ziel ist dabei ein doppeltes: Einerseits soll hervortreten, inwiefern die Phase der Entstehung der Krise nicht nur prä-aktiv und die Krise damit keine bloß natürlich gegebene, sondern auch eine gesellschaftlich gemachte ist. Andererseits soll deutlich werden, in welcher Weise die Phase der Bewältigung der Pandemie nicht allein krisenreaktiv, sondern auch krisenproduktiv ist. Einleitend werde ich die genannte Zeitlichkeit – Entstehung und Bewältigung – erläutern, die einem gängigen Krisenverständnis zugrunde liegt, das auch in der gegenwärtigen Pandemie wirksam ist. Darauf werde ich darlegen, inwiefern das Denken des Ausnahmezustands ein Denken ebendieser Zeitlichkeit und damit zweier Phasen der Krise ist (I.1), und zeigen, warum sich die gegenwärtige Krise gerade aufgrund ihrer Verbindung mit Natur in dieses Denken einfügt (I.2). Auf dieser Grundlage gehe ich dazu über, ein komplizierteres Verständnis der gegenwärtigen Krise zu gewinnen, indem ich darlege, wie in ihrer Entstehung natürliche Prozessualität und gesellschaftliches Handeln untrennbar zusammenwirken (II.1) und an welchen Punkten ihrer Bewältigung die Krisenreaktion so in Krisenproduktion umschlägt, dass das gesellschaftliche bzw. staatliche Handeln wiederum auf Natur zurückwirkt (II.2). Durch diese Schritte soll deutlich werden, inwiefern sich in der gegenwärtigen Krise weder natürliche Prozesse und soziale Praxis noch Krisenreaktion und Krisenproduktion äußerlich gegenüberstehen, sondern intern verbunden sind. Das eingangs erläuterte Krisenverständnis erfährt dadurch eine Modifikation.
(C)Ovid, Metamorphosen. Die Rückkehr ins Goldene Zeitalter
Authors: Obermayr Linda Lilith
Published: February 2021

Der vorliegende Text ist der Versuch einer Dekonstruktion der herrschenden ideologischen Annahmen des gegenwärtigen Corona-Diskurses. Er ist der Versuch, diese ideologischen Gedankengänge in ihrer Mangelhaftigkeit darzustellen und ihren ideologischen Charakter zu benennen, sohin der Versuch eines Nachvollzugs des herrschenden Nachdenkens über Corona. Dieses herrschende Nachdenken über Corona und dessen Fortgehen von der einen ideologischen Annahme zur nächsten können als Metamorphosen des pandemischen Bewusstseins bezeichnet werden. Seinen Ausgangspunkt nimmt das pandemische Bewusstsein bei der Diagnose des krisenhaften Charakters der gegenwärtigen Gesellschaft, dem es eine „alte Normalität“ entgegenimaginiert. Hier betreibt es eine Rechtfertigung des alten, in dessen Krisencharakter jedoch nicht durchschauten, Zustandes der Gesellschaft. In Sehnsucht nach der Idylle der präpandemischen Gesellschaft entwirft es eine „solidarische“ Gemeinschaft gegen die Bedrohung durch einen äußeren Feind und konstituiert sich also negativ als homogenes Ganzes. Seine Sehnsucht wird zur Harmoniebedürftigkeit im Hier und Jetzt, die es sich durch seinen Glauben an die gute Herrschaft zu stillen weiß, wenn es sich über die Unverhältnismäßigkeit der staatlich verordneten Corona-Maßnahmen echauffiert. Dabei fühlt es sich durch den staatlichen Appell an den gesunden Menschenverstand im täglichen Umgang mit Corona bestätigt und lauscht in aufklärerischem Ethos seiner ewigen Vernunftfähigkeit. In dialektischer Akrobatik veranstaltet es das pandemische Bewusstsein, in der Isolation eine neue Form der Solidarität, das Glück im Unglück zu entdecken, ohne zu erkennen, dass es damit seine Rückkehr zum „Normalzustand“ der bürgerlichen als einer warenproduzierenden Gesellschaft vollzogen hat. Mit gutem Gewissen enthält es sich eines kritischen Urteils über die Corona-Krise und resigniert staatstreu vor der Einsicht in die Wirklichkeit. So lässt es sich gut regieren.
Morphometric analysis and prevalence of plantar calcaneal spurs among the adult population of the Province of Vojvodina
Authors: Krstonosic Bojana , Babovic Sinisa , Milovic Milan , Peric Radmila , Turanjanin Dragan , Gledja Milica
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Plantar calcaneal spur is a bony outgrowth which is most often
located on the inferior aspect of the calcaneus, penetrating the surrounding
soft tissues. Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of plantar calcaneal spurs
have been described and their analysis suggested that they may be a
variation in regular bone development, but the exact cause is still unknown.
The goal of this study was to determine the size, shape and prevalence of
plantar spurs in the population of the Province of Vojvodina. Material and
Methods. This retrospective research included a total of 272 foot X-rays.
The X-rays belonged to the Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology,
Clinical Center of Vojvodina. The images were analyzed using a publicly
available software Xrayline Workstation for 32-bit. Results. There was no
statistically significant difference in the size of calcaneal spurs between
sexes, as well as between the right/left foot. In regard to their shape,
irregular calcaneal spurs were more frequent (61.9%) and all of the spurs
were positioned horizontally. Conclusion. The results of this research were
in agreement with the available literature data, showing no significant
difference in morphometric analysis of the plantar spurs between sexes.
Future researches should include data regarding the age, body weight, and
comorbidities among examinees.
Low back pain among health workers
Authors: Lacokova-Krasnikova Jarmila , Dimitrov Dejan , Krasnik Rastislava , Zvekic-Svorcan Jelena , Kolundzic Mirjana , Mikov Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Back pain is often present among health workers. The aim of the
study was to determine the impact of gender and years of work experience on
the incidence of low back pain. Material and Methods. A prospective
cross-sectional study included 67 subjects of both genders, and it was
conducted in the period between June 1 and 15, 2020, in two health centers
in Serbia. The impact of gender, age, years of work experience on the
incidence of low back pain was analyzed, measured by the Roland-Morris
disability questionnaire. Results. In the examined sample (n = 67), the
majority were females (55, 82.1%). The average age of the respondents was
45.5 ? 12.2 years, with an average work experience of 20.62 ? 12.03 years.
Low back pain was present in 35 subjects (52.2%). There was no statistically
significant difference between male and female subjects regarding the
Roland-Morris disability score (3.83 ? 4.50 vs. 4.96 ? 4.53; p > 0.05).
There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the age
of subjects and the Roland-Morris disability score (r = 0.407; p < 0.01).
Subjects with more years of work experience presented with a higher
Roland-Morris disability score (r = 0.371; p < 0.01). Conclusion. Low back
pain is common in older health workers with longer work experience,
regardless of the level of formal education. Additional education of health
workers on the application of protective attitudes, movements, and exercise,
is needed in order to prevent the development of low back pain in the work
environment.
Assessment of macroprolactinemia by the polyethylene glycol precipitation method
Authors: Nikolic Stanislava , Mijovic Romana , Oluski Dragana , Ostojic Tanja , Bajkin Ivana
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Macroprolactinemia is one of the common causes of
hyperprolactinemia, especially in cases where standard routine commercial
immunometric assays are used for prolactin level measurement. Two forms of
prolactin, inactive dimeric prolactin (50 - 60 kDa) and a low-activity
tetramer (molecular weight above 150 kDa), contribute to this condition. The
relatively low incidence of symptoms in macroprolactinemia patients has
necessitated a relatively simple method to detect large, biologically
inactive prolactin molecules, such as polyethylene glycol precipitation
method. The aim of this study was to compare the precipitation method using
polyethylene glycol dissolved in phosphate buffered saline in relation to
polyethylene glycol dissolved in water. Material and Methods. This study
included 82 patients who visited the Center of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical
center of Vojvodina, to determine serum prolactin levels. The obtained serum
samples were divided into two aliquots. The first aliquot was frozen and
stored at - 20?C and the other was immediately analyzed. Aqueous solution
was added to one aliquot and polyethylene glycol Merck 6000 to the other.
All serum and supernatant samples were analyzed using the automated Abbott
Architect i2000sr immunoassay. Recovery values were calculated as the ratio
of double values of free prolactin and total prolactin concentration,
expressed as a percentage. Results. The prolactin concentrations and
calculated recovery values were lowest in fresh supernatant prolactin
treated with phosphate buffered saline. Statistical analysis showed no
significant difference in the calculated recovery values obtained by
precipitation of fresh and frozen sera using polyethylene glycol dissolved
in phosphate buffered saline (p = 0.893). Conclusion. Precipitation using
polyethylene glycol dissolved in phosphate buffered saline is a more
reliable method for laboratory detection of macroprolactinemia compared to
polyethylene glycol dissolved in water.
The effect of N-acetylcysteine on the antibacterial capability and biocompatibility of nano silver–containing orthodontic cement
Authors: Ding Ruolin , Qian Yuran , Chen Miao , Yi Jianru , Zhao Zhihe
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To determine whether the incorporation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improves the antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of nano silver (NAg)–containing orthodontic cement.

Materials and Methods

NAg was synthesized using a sodium citrate reduction method. NAg particles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. NAg and NAC were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Enamel shear bond strength (SBS), antibacterial capability, and cytotoxicity were evaluated.

Results

Incorporating 0.15% NAg and 20% NAC had no adverse effect on the SBS of orthodontic cement (P > .1). Adding NAC into NAg-containing cement greatly reduced the biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid production (P < .05) and lowered the colony unit–forming counts by approximately 1 log (P < .05). The cell viability against NAg-containing cement was improved by NAC (P < .05).

Conclusions

The incorporation of NAC into NAg-containing cement achieved stronger antibacterial capability and better biocompatibility, without compromising the enamel SBS. The combined use of NAC and NAg is promising to combat caries in orthodontic practice.
Cell-Subtype-Specific Remodeling of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Admin Ada , Chen Wei-Yi , Han Xu , Cui Ling-Jie , Yu Chen-Xi , Sheng Wen-Long , Yuan Jun Yu, Fei , Zhong Yong-Mei , Yang Xiong-Li , Weng Shi-Jun
Published: February 2021

Recent evidence suggests that melanopsin-expressing intrinsically
photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a neuronal class regulating
non-image forming (NIF) vision and generally thought to be injury-resistant,
are dysfunctional in certain neurodegenerative diseases. Although disrupted NIF
visual functions have been reported in patients and animals with diabetes, it
remains controversial whether ipRGCs exhibit remodeling during diabetes and if
so, whether such remodeling is variable among ipRGC subtypes. Here we
demonstrate that survival, soma-dendritic profiles and melanopsin-based
functional activity of M1 ipRGCs were unaltered in streptozotocin-induced 3-month diabetic mice. Such resistance
remained at 6 months after streptozotocin administration. In
contrast, M2/M3 ipRGCs underwent significant remodeling in diabetic mice,
manifested by enlarged somata and increased dendritic branching complexity.
Consistent with the unaltered melanopsin levels, the sensitivity of
melanopsin-based activity was unchanged in surviving M2 cells, but their
response gain displayed a compensatory enhancement. Meanwhile, the pupillary
light reflex, a NIF visual function controlled by M2 cells, was found to be impaired
in diabetic animals. The resistance of M1 cells might be attributed to the
adjacency of their dendrites to capillaries, which makes them less disturbed by
the impaired retinal blood supply at the early stage of diabetes.
Cell-Subtype-Specific Remodeling of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Chen Wei-Yi , Han Xu , Cui Ling-Jie , Yu Chen-Xi , Sheng Wen-Long , Yuan Jun Yu, Fei , Zhong Yong-Mei , Yang Xiong-Li , Weng Shi-Jun
Published: February 2021

Recent evidence suggests that melanopsin-expressing intrinsically
photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), a neuronal class regulating
non-image forming (NIF) vision and generally thought to be injury-resistant,
are dysfunctional in certain neurodegenerative diseases. Although disrupted NIF
visual functions have been reported in patients and animals with diabetes, it
remains controversial whether ipRGCs exhibit remodeling during diabetes and if
so, whether such remodeling is variable among ipRGC subtypes. Here we
demonstrate that survival, soma-dendritic profiles and melanopsin-based
functional activity of M1 ipRGCs were unaltered in streptozotocin-induced 3-month diabetic mice. Such resistance
remained at 6 months after streptozotocin administration. In
contrast, M2/M3 ipRGCs underwent significant remodeling in diabetic mice,
manifested by enlarged somata and increased dendritic branching complexity.
Consistent with the unaltered melanopsin levels, the sensitivity of
melanopsin-based activity was unchanged in surviving M2 cells, but their
response gain displayed a compensatory enhancement. Meanwhile, the pupillary
light reflex, a NIF visual function controlled by M2 cells, was found to be impaired
in diabetic animals. The resistance of M1 cells might be attributed to the
adjacency of their dendrites to capillaries, which makes them less disturbed by
the impaired retinal blood supply at the early stage of diabetes.
Improving the technology of erecting buildings from box-shaped modules with a steel frame by the automatic connection method using vertical rods and horizontal plates
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kazakov Yu. N. , Timoschuk O. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Sokovikov E. D. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: February 2021

It is proposed to improve the technology of erecting buildings from blocks based on using the method of automatic connection and a new composite light modular system including the advantages of both materials, concrete and steel. The authors propose using composite beams and concrete tubular columns, combining in this way the advantages of the concrete system (durability, resistance to water, higher sound insulation) with the advantages of the steel system (less weight, easier and faster installation). The scientific novelty of the method is that the vertical rods connect the columns vertically, and the plates and the horizontal draw plate connect adjacent modules horizontally. The difference between the developed solution and currently used technologies is that in this connection, the vertical connection between the upper and lower modules is carried out by a vertical rod to resist tensile forces, while the columns resist the compressive force. The shear forces between the upper and lower columns are transmitted by means of a support to the base plate, which is welded at the bottom of the column of the upper module.
Using the properties of vehicles in the conceptof the multi-environment multi-modal quantomobile
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kotikov Ju. G.
Published: February 2021

The development of the concept of the quantum engine, that uses the energy of physical vacuum, makes it possible to create a new class of vehicles, namely, the quantomobile, designed as a quantum - powered vehicle. The type of quantum vehicles can be versatile, starting from the simplest version (with the ground vehicle driving modes) to the multi-environment multi-modal quantomobile that can function on land, in the air and in water. To work out a hypothetical model of the multi-environment multi-modal quantomobile, it is necessary to use all the heritage of research and development in the sphere of transport engineering. For 10 variants of the multi-environment multi-modal quantomobile movement - from the air quantum helicopter (quantocraft) to a quantum submarine (quantomarine) - there has been made an analysis of the numerical modeling specifics, the use of coordinate systems, the implementation of the traffic of existing transport vehicles that can be reflected in the concept of multi-environment quantomobile. Two extreme methods of modeling are distinguished: 1) the one based on a single family of coordinate systems and a common (end-to-end for all types of environment) motion model; 2) the one based on models by type of motion with possible switching of coordinate systems.
«Reverse» method of calculating steel structure rod elements reinforced under load by increasing cross sections
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Belyy G. I.
Published: February 2021

To develop practical recommendations for strength and stability analysis in the general case of steel structure rod elements reinforced under load, there is proposed a «reverse» numerical-analytical calculation method, which allows reducing the calculation time by several orders of magnitude if compared with the currently used methods. For a given «elastic» limit state in the cross section corresponding to the criterion of maximum plastic deformation numerically, using the «Section» algorithm , the real limiting state of strength is established, namely, the general loading parameter and its relative eccentricities и . The results obtained in this way are more reliable than those according to SP 16.13330.2017, since the development of plastic deformations is determined by the joint action of forces. The stability of rod elements beyond the elastic limit is known to be characterized by a violation of the equilibrium deformed state. Therefore, following the technique of solving strength problems at a number of ultimate deformations by the «reverse» analytical method for the given flexibilities of the rod compressed with equal end uniaxial or biaxial eccentricities, the corresponding parameters of the total loading and its non-deformational eccentricities и are determined. In this case, the buckling factor will correspond to at and . Analytical solutions of such problems have sufficient accuracy for design practice and provide for all possible forms of buckling, namely, lateral, lateral-torsional and spatial ones.
Methods of eco-architecture applied in foreign modern temple design
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Ivina M. S.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses methods of eco-architecture applied in architectural, structural, technological and urban planning solutions in modern temple design. Examples of foreign temple complexes, the architecture of which includes some «green» building components, are given. Possible directions of «green» architecture development in the domestic temple building are identified.
Stress state of thick axisymmetric reinforced concrete slabs supported on an inclined surface
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Morozov V. I. , Opbul Eh. K. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Popov V. M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Petrov A. N. ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Phan Van Phuc ,   Vinh University
Published: February 2021

The article considers the development of methods for calculating the stress state of axisymmetric cone-shaped thick slabs simply supported on an inclined surface on the bearing walls of the shell, thus forming the end elements of the pressure vessel. The internal pressure acts on the slab in the form of a uniformly distributed static load. The research methodology in this paper is based on analytical and numerical methods of calculation, taking into account the specific behavior of concrete under conditions of triaxial compression. Using the basic provisions of the theory of plasticity behavior adopted in the form of the strength criterion of P. Balandin, there has been obtained a solution to the problem of determining the pressure capability. The results obtained in analytical and numerical methods can be used at projecting similar structures at the schematic design stage. Herewith, a comparative analysis of the calculation results has shown the adequacy of the proposed methods.
Politik Islam di Malaysia; Studi tentang Partai Al-Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) di Kelantan
Authors: Nasution Syamruddin , Ghofur Abd.
Published: February 2021

Kelantan merupakan salah satu dari 13 negara bagian di Malaysia, perjuangan penerapan syariat Islam  di Kelantan telah berjalan sejak lahirnya PAS tahun 1951. Namun otonomi atau kewenangan dalam penerapan syariat Islam yang dicita-citakan oleh PAS mengalami banyak hambatan karena bertentangan dengan UU Federal dan Akta Mahkamah Syariah. Dalam UU Federal tidak menganut azas negara Islam dan tidak menginginkan tegaknya hukum Islam berseberangan produk hukum di negeri kelantan. Akhirnya perbenturan diantara aturan pemerintah federal dan negara bagian tersebut, menjadikan peraturan negara bagian terpaksa dibatalkan pemerintah ferderal. Tulisan ini menjelaskan berbagai Upaya-upaya dalam penerapan syariat Islam yang dilakukan PAS di eksekutif, legislatif dan Majlis Syuro yang tiada henti dengan terus menyempurnakan produk hukumnya baik dalam bentuk Enakmen Jenayah Syariah Kelantan 1993  tentang hukum hudud, Qishas dan Tazir,serta peraturan-peraturan daerah (perda) melarang berbagai kemaksiatan.
Minoritas Dalam Masyarakat Plural dan Multikultural Perspektif Islam
Authors: Masyhuri Masyhuri , Akbar Ali , Amin Saidul
Published: February 2021

Kelompok minoritas di Indonesia sering kali kehilangan hak-haknya sebagai warga negara bukan diakibatkan oleh perlakuan mayoritas semata, melainkan juga kerap dilakukan oleh negara. Hak kaum minoritas yang acap kali tidak bisa dipenuhi di negeri ini adalah hak untuk bebas beragama dan berkeyakinan serta kebebasan menjalankan ibadah sesuai dengan agama dan keyakinan tersebut. Dalam konteks pendidikan Islam upaya untuk memahami realitas perbedaan dalam beragama, lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam diharapkan bisa menanamkan kepedulian komunitas agama lain dengan saling bekerjasama dan membangun dialog melalui pendidikan multi kultural. Kesadaran multikulturalisme bukan sekadar memahami keberbedaan, namun juga harus ditunjukkan dengan sikap konkrit bahwa sekalipun berbeda keyakinan, namun sama-sama sebagai manusia yang mesti diperlakukan secara manusiawi. Pendekatan dialogis yang mengarah pada budaya saling toleransi,  membuang kebencian dan permusuhan, kemampuan untuk   saling  mendengar, sikap akomodatif, dan saling tukar informasi untuk mencapai kesepahaman bersama. Pendekatan yang ditawarkan oleh Waleed el-Ansary dan Mashood Baderin cukup memberikan solusi bagi konflik antar umat beragama yang diakibatkan oleh kedangkalan dan kesenjanagan pemahaman dalam memahami ajaran agama masing-masing.
Djohan Effendi, Ahmadiyah dan Pluralisme dalam Buku Pesan-pesan Al-Qur'an
Authors: Bawono Yusuf Pandam
Published: February 2021

Penafsiran Djohan Effendi tidak lepas dari keyakinan yang selama ini ia perjuangkan dan konteks lingkungan di mana ia hidup. Penafsirannya berpihak kepada minoritas, khususnya Ahmadiyah. Pluralisme Djohan Effendi sesungguhnya dapat dibagi kepada beberapa poin penting, di antaranya; (1) Keragaman merupakan hal niscaya; (2) Berlomba dalam amal kebaikan; (3) Prioritaskan perdamaian. (4) Pembelaan terhadap kaum minoritas. (5) Kecaman ekslusivisme dan kebebasan beragama. (6) Dialog dengan antar umat beragama. Khusus dalam poin keempat terlihat indikasi kecenderungan penafsiran Djohan dalam Pesan-Pesan Al-Qur’an yang berpihak terhadap kaum minoritas, khususnya Ahmadiyah. Ungkapan tidak tertipu dengan keyakinan yang dianut mayoritas. Tidak mudah menuding sesat. Tidak merusak tempat ibadah. Berbuat adil kepada makhluk. Bahkan Djohan tak segan mengkritik pemerintah yang dianggapnya kerap tidak melindungi hak minoritas.
The Effect of Motivation and Commitment of Taxpayer Toward Tax Compliance and Empirical Studies Tax Amnesty as Moderating Variable (A Survey on Tax Service Center Kudus Branch)
Authors: Abdurrosid Edi Wicaksono , Chandrarin Grahita , Zhuro Diana
Published: February 2021

This research has purpose to analyze Motivation and Commitment of Taxpayer toward the Tax Compliance of Taxpayer on Tax Service Center (KPP) Kudus branch and Empirical Studies Tax Amnesty as Moderating Variable. The samples of the research are those with taxpayer in the tax service center with numbers of respondents, 398 people from 69.377 people using Slovin formula. The technique of sampling uses Accidental Sampling. The data analysis uses MRA (Moderating Regression Analysis).
Features of the Electrochemical Deposition of Films from a Triple System of CoNiFe
Authors: Tikhonov Robert Dmitrievich
Published: February 2021

The nature of phenomena that occurs in the electrolyte during the electrochemical deposition of CoNiFe films and the mechanism leading to the difference in the relative content of elements in the electrolyte and film was clarified. This clarification was obtained with the help of a spectrophotometric study of chloride electrolytes and the electrochemical deposition of CoNiFe films at 70 °C. An experimental study of the absorption spectra and the pH values of the FeCl2, NiCl2 and CoCl2 salt solutions at concentrations of 0.005 to 1 mol/l showed the complex nature of the ion-formation balance in single-component and mixed solutions and the dependence of ion formation on acidic and alkaline additives. The deposited CoNiFe film was made from a chloride electrolyte with a component content ratio of 1:1:1 at both high (0.5 mol/l) and low (0.006 mol\l) concentrations of each component. The content of each component in the film after the electrochemical deposition of the three component solution (FeCl2, CoCl2, and NiCl2 at equal concentrations) did not correspond to the composition of the electrolyte. The mechanism for the abnormal deposition of Co, Fe, Ni occurred due to the incomplete ionization of atoms and the differences in the mobility of ions. The magnetic susceptibility of the films formed in the triple CoNiFe system was higher than that of a permalloy. Therefore, the triple system shows promise for use in magnetic field converters.
Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Linear Generator for Grid-Connected Wave Energy Conversion
Authors: Elgammal Adel , Boodoo Curtis
Published: February 2021

the key goal of this article is on the design and optimum sliding mode control for Grid-Connected direct drive extraction method of ocean wave energy by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A Linear Permanent Magnet Generator simulates the ocean wave energy extraction system, driven by an Archimedes Wave Swing. Uncontrolled three-phase rectifiers, a three-level buck-boost converter and 3 level neutral point clamped inverter are planned grid integration of Wave Energy Conversion device. The technique monitors the three-level buck-boost converter service cycle linked to the PMLG output terminals and decides the optimum switching sequence of 3 level neutral point clamped inverter to enable the grid relation. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were carried out to test working of the wave energy converter after the suggested optimal control method was applied under various operating settings. Various simulation test results indicate that the proposed optimum control system is tested in both normal and irregular ocean waves. And it has been shown that the control method of the MOPSO sliding mode is ideal for maximizing energy transfer efficiency. Better voltage management at the DC-link and for achieving greater controllability spectrum was accomplished by the proposed Duty-ratio optimal control system.
Geochemistry and Mineralization of Some Selected Pegmatite Deposits in Panda North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Tanko I. Y. , Chime P.
Published: February 2021

Pegmatite constitutes an important lithologic unit in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Panda north central Nigeria. The primary aim of this study is to present a geochemical data of various rock types in the area especially pegmatite in order to determine their geochemical classification and mineralization potential of some selected pegmatite deposits in the area. Geochemical analysis reveals that the pegmatite samples have high SiO2 content; 73.8-94.8 wt%, low Na2O/K2O ratio suggesting they are strongly peralkaline and peraluminous, indicating that the pegmatite may have formed from mixed plutonic sources. The discrimination diagram of TiO2 versus SiO2 shows that the samples plotted on both igneous and sedimentary field, but majorly on the igneous field which is an implication that substantial material may have been generated from igneous sources. Also the plotting of the pegmatite samples in both the tholeiitic and calc-alkaline fields shows that the magma from which the rock was formed was not totally restricted in occurrence only to subduction related environment but also from the oceanic crust of calc-alkaline environments. This is further confirmed by discrimination diagrams plot of TiO2-K2O-P2O which indicates that substantial samples plotted fall within the continental crust. High potash content alkalies with relative Fe-enrichment and silica suggest the plutonic generation of magma and the development of the rocks in both the oceanic and continental crust. Major elements analysis of both the granitic rock aplite and biotite gneiss shows moderately high silica values. These values reflect the geochemical characteristic of crystalline rocks. The pegmatite of the study area exhibits low contents of Nb, Ta, Ga, Rb and Sn which are the major mineralization indices for pegmatite bodies. In classifying the pegmatites, rare metal indicative elements were used to discriminate the barren ones from the mineralized. A plot of Ta-Ga reveals that all the samples plotted are below the boundary of mineralization line, suggesting all the pegmatite samples in the study area to be barren in term of rare earth metals and can be compared to other pegmatite bodies in Nigeria and around the world.