bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoração de danos nos casos de mineração de ferro no Brasil
Authors: Tonietto Ângela , Silva Janaina J.M.C.
Published: May 2014

No Brasil, a mineração de ferro representa mais de 60% do valor total da produção mineral. Este setor da economia gera grandes impactos ambientais na região do Quadrilátro Ferrífero-MG, onde ocorre grande parte da extração de ferro. Trata-se de uma região de Bioma Mata Atlântica, o qual é considerado Patrimônio Nacional e é regido por lei específica. O problema associado às mineradoras de ferro está na realização de atividades em desrespeito às licenças emitidas e/ou o não cumprimento do Plano de Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas. Conforme a Lei de Crimes Ambientais, essa prática configura crime ambiental, com pena de detenção e multa. Para a edição da multa citada na referida lei, é necessário que se proceda à valoração dos danos ambientais causados. Vários são os métodos de valoração de danos disponíveis na literatura. Entretanto, muitos são de difícil aplicabilidade por implicarem em altos custos e longo tempo de execução. Para efeitos de perícia ambiental criminal, é necessário que o método aplicado seja de rápida execução, simples, barato e que obedeça ao princípio da proporcionalidade. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo propor um método de valoração de danos nos casos de não cumprimento das exigências da licença ambiental concedida às mineradoras de ferro com lavra em região de Mata Atlântica. O método proposto apresenta uma parcela objetiva, uma parcela subjetiva, e uma parcela de lucro cessante, como a maioria dos métodos já descritos, e, por ser simples, visa à imediata aplicabilidade em perícias ambientais criminais.
Efeito da escopolamina sobre o desenvolvimento de Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) e sua importância para a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte
Authors: Thyssen Patricia Jacqueline , Grella Maicon Diego
Published: May 2014

A presença de drogas nos tecidos de um corpo pode afetar o desenvolvimento de larvas de moscas necrófagas que são encontradas alimentando-se neste substrato. Essa observação já foi constatada para várias drogas tais como heroína, cocaína, certos analgésicos, e compostos anfetamínicos e benzodiazepínicos, entre outras. Assim, neste estudo investigamos o efeito da escopolamina – uma droga amplamente usada como analgésico – sobre a taxa de desenvolvimento de larvas de Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), visando também avaliar e quantificar as conseqüências de tal interferência para a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM). Os resultados aqui obtidos mostram claramente que a escopolamina afetou significativamente a taxa de desenvolvimento de imaturos de C. putoria, quando presente em seu substrato alimentar. Tendo em vista que o IPM em muitos casos é calculado levando em consideração o peso ou a idade dos imaturos coletados em um corpo, a não consideração deste fator de interferência negativa pode conseqüentemente levar a uma subestimativa do tempo de morte em até 48 horas, em certos casos.
Perícias em Locais de Morte Violenta
Authors: Cunico Edimar
Published: May 2014

Esta obra foi publicada em dezembro de 2010 como resultado 15 anos de atuação como Perito Criminal no Estado do Paraná, e está focada nas necessidades do Perito Criminal que atende aos Locais de Morte Violenta contemplados no capítulo dos Crimes Contra a Vida do Código Penal Brasileiro: Homicídio, induzimento ao suicídio, infanticídio e aborto.Na sua essência está dividida em três partes:a. Conhecimentos básicos para o atendimento aos locais de morte.b. Procedimentos essenciais para o atendimento aos locais de morte.c. Elaboração do laudo de exame pericial.São 388 páginas com mais de 300 fotografias coloridas mostrando todos os tipos de feridas e os detalhes dos locais de morte, trazendo a realidade dos locais de morte violenta e sua importância como o crime numero um da humanidade.Essencial para o Perito Criminal, para os profissionais da segurança pública, dos órgãos Policiais, do Ministério Público, do Judiciário e das áreas do Direito Penal e Processual.
O nascimento da Revista Brasileira de Criminalística
Authors: Tonietto Ângela , Telles Bruno , Andrade Charles Albert , Dias Filho Claudemir Rodrigues , Medeiros Elvis , Gomes Juliano de Andrade , Valadares Maria Paula Oliveira
Published: May 2014

Nasce a Revista Brasileira de Criminalística (RBC): uma publicação periódica de um antigo anseio da comunidade de Peritos Criminais em ver a produção científica divulgada em revista especializada genuinamente brasileira. A RBC destina-se à publicação de artigos que contribuam para a promoção, a divulgação e o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico das ciências forenses, referentes aos resultados de pesquisas, avanços, projetos técnico-científicos e relatos de caso relacionados à criminalística, incluindo as interfaces com outros ramos da ciência, como Física, Química, Biologia, Odontologia, Farmacologia, Informática, Contabilidade, Engenharias, entre outras.
Valoração de danos indiretos em perícias ambientais
Authors: Corrêa Rodrigo Studart , De Souza Álvaro Nogueira
Published: May 2014

A Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei 9.605/1998) remeteu à esfera penal infrações ao meio ambiente e a realização de perícias é, portanto, condição indispensável para a materialização do crime. A precificação do dano ambiental é exigida em laudos periciais e o uso de modelos de valoração tornou-se frequente. O método do custo de restauração é geralmente usado na avaliação de danos ambientais. Porém, a sua utilização como método único negligencia as funções ambientais perdidas pelo ecossistema e torna o dano lucrativo para o infrator. O exame pericial deve considerar também os danos indiretos, cuja mensuração econômica é matéria controversa. Nesse sentido, há recomendações de aplicação de taxas de juros como forma de compensar os danos indiretos e as perdas ecossistêmicas provisórias em locais degradados. A aplicação dessas taxas, porém, deve resguardar uma relação de proporcionalidade e coerência com os padrões de recuperação ambiental, devido aos princípios da razoabilidade e proporcionalidade. Nesse sentido, taxas simples e compostas de juros mostraram-se discrepantes com a função descrita por sistemas biológicos e ecológicos em fase de recuperação. A aplicação de juros compostos decrescentes mostrou-se proporcional aos padrões de recuperação de funções ecossistêmicas e pode ser utilizada para a valoração de danos indiretos em perícias ambientais.
Identificação de segmentos críticos em acidentes de trânsito na Rodovia DF-002: geoprocessamento de dados do Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal
Authors: Andrade Charles Albert , Lopes Alan de Oliveira , Ribeiro Marcos Kleber , Fonseca Walter
Published: May 2014

Brasília-DF é uma cidade atípica no que diz respeito a sua arquitetura. Em sua concepção básica, é composta por dois eixos que se cruzam dando forma ao seu traçado básico. Esses dois eixos são grandes rodovias inseridas em ambiente urbano, o que proporciona maior velocidade média dos veículos e, por conseqüência, maior gravidade dos acidentes de trânsito. Entender como, onde e por que esses acidentes ocorrem pode auxiliar na prevenção de novas ocorrências. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a viabilidade do uso do banco de dados de ocorrências de acidente de trânsito com vítimas do Instituto de Criminalística da Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal para a definição de segmentos críticos de rodovias, por meio de ferramenta SIG. O estudo de caso foi feito com dados da rodovia DF-002 (trecho sul).Palavras-Chave: Acidente de trânsito; Delitos de trânsito; Georreferenciamento.
Toxicologia Forense - Teoria e Prática
Authors: Marinho Pablo Alves , Passagli Marcos F
Published: May 2014

Toxicologia Forense – Teoria e Prática, chega a terceira edição com o mesmo objetivo das edições anteriores: contribuir na formação e capacitação de novos profissionais das ciências forenses e operadores do Direito.Em trabalho de ampla pesquisa, reúne cuidadosa seleção dos fundamentos da Toxicologia Forense, analisa o contexto, consequências e impactos fisiológicos e comportamentais a partir da análise laboratorial das principais drogas lícitas e ilícitas, praguicidas, gases tóxicos e tóxicos metálicos. Nesta edição foram acrescentados novos capítulos: Entomotoxicologia, ciência que permite ampliar o universo de obtenção de provas materiais na investigação criminal; Análise Toxicológica em Matrizes Biológicas que, orienta sobre o tratamento, preparação, extração, identificação e quantificação de agentes tóxicos nas mais diversas matrizes além da substantiva ampliação do capítulo sobre a validação de métodos, fundamental para a formação da prova material qualificada e do controle de qualidade do serviço forense prestado à sociedade brasileira.
Proposta de utilização da microestrutura de pelos-guarda para fins de estudos forenses e no controle de qualidade de alimentos
Authors: Silveira Fabiana , Navarro Marcos André , Monteiro Paula , Quadros Juliana , Monteiro-Filho Emygdio
Published: May 2014

A identificação de mamíferos através das características microscópicas de seus pelos é possível com a utilização de várias técnicas tais como a análise dos padrões microestruturais encontrados nas escamas cuticulares e células medulares dos pelos-guarda. Tais técnicas utilizadas comumente no reconhecimento espécie específica podem também ser ferramenta em estudos forenses e de controle de qualidade de alimentos. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo a identificação microscópica de pelos-guarda de espécies domiciliares e peridomiciliares que possam ter ocorrência em locais de crime ou como contaminantes de alimentos. Assim, foram utilizados pelos-guardas coletados de coleções zoológicas e de espécimes vivos de gambás-de-orelha-preta e gambá-de-orelha-branca, camundongo, ratazana-de-casa, ratazana-de-esgoto, algumas espécies de morcegos, gato-doméstico, cão-doméstico e a espécie humana. Por meio do método utilizado, foram encontrados quatro padrões de cutícula: conoidal, ondeada, folidácea e losângica, sendo que a ondeada apresentou as variações lisa e ornamentada nas bordas das escamas. Para a medula foram encontrados seis padrões: ausente, presente unisseriada e presente multisseriada crivada, trabecular, matricial e alveolar. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível diferenciar todas as espécies abordadas através da análise dos padrões microestruturais de seus pelos-guarda, sendo os resultados apresentados em uma chave dicotômica ilustrada por fotomicrografias dos padrões.
Gene-Flow in a Mosaic Hybrid Zone: Is Local Introgression Adaptive?
Authors: Fraïsse Christelle , Roux Camille , Welch John J , Bierne Nicolas
Published: May 2014

Genome-wide scans of genetic differentiation between hybridizing taxa can identify genome regions with unusual rates of introgression. Regions of high differentiation might represent barriers to gene flow, while regions of low differentiation might indicate adaptive introgression—the spread of selectively beneficial alleles between reproductively isolated genetic backgrounds. Here we conduct a scan for unusual patterns of differentiation in a mosaic hybrid zone between two mussel species, Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis. One outlying locus, mac-1, showed a characteristic footprint of local introgression, with abnormally high frequency of edulis-derived alleles in a patch of M. galloprovincialis enclosed within the mosaic zone, but low frequencies outside of the zone. Further analysis of DNA sequences showed that almost all of the edulis allelic diversity had introgressed into the M. galloprovincialis background in this patch. We then used a variety of approaches to test the hypothesis that there had been adaptive introgression at mac-1. Simulations and model fitting with maximum-likelihood and approximate Bayesian computation approaches suggested that adaptive introgression could generate a “soft sweep,” which was qualitatively consistent with our data. Although the migration rate required was high, it was compatible with the functioning of an effective barrier to gene flow as revealed by demographic inferences. As such, adaptive introgression could explain both the reduced intraspecific differentiation around mac-1 and the high diversity of introgressed alleles, although a localized change in barrier strength may also be invoked. Together, our results emphasize the need to account for the complex history of secondary contacts in interpreting outlier loci.
Privatizing and internationalizing violence
Authors: Wulf Herbert
Published: May 2014

Privatization of violence and international interventions to stop wars are two recent trends in wars. Both affect how the traditional state monopoly of force is exercised and on how armed forces operate. The concept of state monopoly of force is now questioned since the execution of force is increasingly delegated to armed nonstate actors. Nationally organized armed forces are outdated, given the new international tasks. Since the role of the nation-state in security has changed so fundamentally, it is argued that changes in three political and legal fields are necessary: Private military companies need to be regulated; the democratic deficit in international bodies which decide on international intervention needs to be overcome; and the monopoly of force needs to be re-conceptualized.
Defense economics: Achievements and challenges
Authors: Hartley Keith
Published: May 2014

Defense economics is now an established part of economics. This article reviews its achievements as represented by papers published in the research journal Defense and Peace Economics. The range of topics in the journal is reviewed, especially since 2000, and major gaps in coverage are identified. A changing research agenda reflects new developments such as terrorism and international peacekeeping. Gaps remain such as the need for good quality case studies of conflict (e.g., Iraq) and of major weapons projects (e.g., F-22 Raptor). Some challenges are outlined, namely, the choices resulting from the defense economics problem, the U.K.'s nuclear weapons policy, project case studies (e.g., Eurofighter Typhoon), military outsourcing, and data problems.
Review article: Is war necessary for economic growth?
Authors: Brauer Jurgen
Published: May 2014

The article reviews Vernon Ruttan's new book, Is Growth Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technological Development (Oxford University Press, 2006). The subject matter is limited to the post-world war II United States only. Studying six general-purpose technologies emerging from war environments, the book claims that much of the U.S. post-war growth experience can be attributed to them. The reviewer finds that this is not Prof. Ruttan's best work, in part because the underlying research is too casual to support the conclusions drawn.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Rapid Response Teams Before and After Mandatory Triggering by an Elevated Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) Score
Authors: Panesar Rahul , Polikoff Lee A. , Harris David , Mills Barbara , Messina Catherine , Parker Margaret M.
Published: May 2014

Background:

The Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS) was created to identify unstable patients before their deterioration. Rapid response teams (RRTs) were developed to assist with management of such patients. In 2009, our institution mandated the activation of RRTs if a PEWS score was elevated (ie, ≥5).

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to examine changes in characteristics of RRT calls before and after the implementation of a mandatory hospital policy requiring RRT activation due to an elevated PEWS score.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective database review, with RRT data from June 2007 to December 2010 examined. A total of 44 RRTs were recorded before mandatory triggering and 69 RRTs afterward in the study period (P = .32).

Results:

Compared with the premandatory group, the mandatory triggering group found that tachycardia was a more frequent trigger for RRTs, with an increase of 26.1% (P = .004). RRTs triggered by a change in mental status/agitation decreased by 22.9% (P = .009). An increase of 15.1% of RRTs required no interventions with mandatory triggering. Nighttime RRTs increased by17.5% (P = .07). There was a trend toward decreased PICU transfers in the mandatory triggering group, with no significant change in code blue calls.

Conclusions:

A hospital policy of mandating RRT activation based on PEWS scores increased nighttime calls and altered the primary reasons for RRT activation in our center, with no evidence of improvements in patient care. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the relatively rare outcomes the policy is intended to prevent; however, our findings highlight the difficulties inherent in evaluating methods to improve pediatric patient safety.
Impact of Boarding Pediatric Psychiatric Patients on a Medical Ward
Authors: Claudius Ilene , Donofrio J. Joelle , Lam Chun Nok , Santillanes Genevieve
Published: May 2014

Background And Objectives:

Psychiatric disorders account for an increasing number of pediatric hospitalizations. Due to lack of psychiatric beds, patients on involuntary psychiatric holds may be admitted to medical units. Our objectives were to evaluate the rate of admission of psychiatric patients to a medical unit, psychiatric care provided, and estimated cost of care.

Methods:

The study involved retrospective chart review of all patients on involuntary psychiatric holds presenting to 1 pediatric emergency department from July 2009 to December 2010. We determined the rate of admission to a medical unit, the rate of counseling or psychiatric medication administration, and the estimated cost of nonmedical admissions (boarding) of patients on the medical unit.

Results:

A total of 555 (50.1%) of 1108 patients on involuntary psychiatric holds were admitted to the pediatric medical unit. The majority (523 [94.2%]) were admitted for boarding because no psychiatric bed was available. Thirty-two (6.1%) patients admitted for isolated psychiatric reasons had counseling documented, and 105 (20.1%) received psychiatric medications. Patients admitted to an affiliated psychiatric hospital were significantly more likely to receive counseling and medications. Psychiatric patients were boarded in medical beds for 1169 days at an estimated cost of $2 232 790 or $4269 per patient over the 18-month period.

Conclusions:

We found high admission rates of patients on involuntary psychiatric holds to a pediatric medical unit with little psychiatric treatment in 1 hospital. Further research in other centers is required to determine the extent of the issue. Future studies of longer term outcomes (including readmission rates and assessments of functioning) are needed.
Is Dexamethasone an Effective Alternative to Oral Prednisone in the Treatment of Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations?
Authors: Meyer Jessica Sayre , Riese Jeffrey , Biondi Eric
Published: May 2014

Background:

A short course of systemic corticosteroids is an important therapy in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations. Although a 5-day course of oral prednisone or prednisolone has become the most commonly used regimen, dexamethasone has also been used for a shorter duration (1–2 days) with potential for improvement in compliance and palatability. We reviewed the literature to determine if there is sufficient evidence that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative in the treatment of pediatric asthma exacerbations in the inpatient setting.

Methods:

A Medline search was conducted on the use of dexamethasone in the treatment of asthma exacerbations in children. The studies selected were clinical trials comparing the efficacy of dexamethasone with prednisone. Meta-analysis was performed examining physician revisitation rates and symptomatic return to baseline.

Results:

Six completed pediatric clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. All of the pediatric trials found that prednisone is not superior to dexamethasone in treating mild to moderate asthma exacerbations. Meta-analysis demonstrated homogeneity between the dexamethasone and prednisone groups when examining symptomatic return to baseline and unplanned physician revisits after the initial emergency department encounter. Some studies found potential additional benefits of dexamethasone, including improved compliance and less vomiting.

Conclusions:

The current literature suggests that dexamethasone can be used as an effective alternative to prednisone in the treatment of mild to moderate acute asthma exacerbations in children, with the added benefits of improved compliance, palatability, and cost. However, more research is needed to examine the role of dexamethasone in hospitalized children.
Vitamin D in the Newborn, Part I: Assessment of Status and Deficiency Risk Factors
Authors: Mimouni Francis B.
Published: May 2014

Since 2008, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has published three documents related to vitamin D requirements of term and preterm infants. The need for developing and updating such guidelines emphasizes the importance of vitamin D not only as an essential element of bone health but also as a nutrient and prohormone that plays an increasingly recognized role in many other organ systems. In this review, we describe: (1) the main circulating metabolites of vitamin D; (2) the significance of their respective blood concentrations during the assessment of vitamin D status; and (3) the factors that influence vitamin D status at birth and the risk factors for neonatal vitamin D deficiency. In a separate article, we discuss the evidence for current vitamin D dietary recommendations in term neonates and delineate the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of osteopenia of prematurity.
Effects of nanosilica on the calcium silicate hydrates in Portland cement–fly ash systems
Authors: Calabria-Holley Juliana , Paine Kevin , Papatzani Styliani
Published: May 2014

Cementitious materials have a complex chemistry and naturally form nanostructures in the hydration process, a network of calcium silicate hydrates. It is considered that nanoparticles such as nanosilica could act as a pozzolanic material as well as a seeding agent for nucleation and acceleration of the formation of the calcium silicate hydrate network. This work evaluates the effect of nanosilica on the calcium silicate hydrate network and microstructure of hardened ternary, quaternary and quinary system Portland cement based pastes. The quinary system, containing Portland cement, limestone, fly ash, microsilica and nanosilica, and ternary combinations (Portland cement, limestone and fly ash) showed mean calcium/silicon atomic ratios of the calcium silicate hydrate gel in the 28 d old hardened paste of 1·2 and 2·3 respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show the presence of the bridging silicate tetrahedra (Q2) characteristic of a peak at around 980 cm−1 and a shoulder at around 1060 cm−1 in the calcium silicate hydrate gel network of the ternary, quaternary and quinary combinations; these bands are thus more pronounced for the nanosilica-enhanced formulations. The sample obtained in the presence of microsilica and nanosilica (quinary combination) showed evidence of a more intricate calcium silicate hydrate gel network (bridging tetrahedra) characteristic of a honeycomb-like structure opposed to the ternary combination (control sample).
Design and construction of a launched steel girder bridge
Authors: Ahmadi-Kashani Kamran
Published: May 2014

This paper describes the design and construction of the steel composite Bridge G4 as part of the recently completed Egnatia Motorway project in northern Greece. The bridge crosses a 180 m wide, 70 m deep valley situated in a seismic zone. Following a value engineering study, a three-span bridge with incrementally launched deck was found to provide the best option with minimal disturbance to the environment. Due to the relatively high seismic design acceleration, the superstructure is considered to float on the substructure by means of high damping lead rubber bearings restrained by mechanical dampers at abutments. This paper describes the design and construction of Bridge G4.
Residual mechanical properties of calcareous and granite aggregate concretes after fire
Authors: Santos Cristina Calmeiro dos , Rodrigues João Paulo C.
Published: May 2014

The residual mechanical properties of concrete after a fire depend on the high temperatures to which the material was subjected and the nature of the fire extinguishing process used. Knowledge of these properties is of the utmost importance in an evaluation of the residual load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete elements and their repair after fire. This paper presents the results of an assessment of the residual mechanical properties of ordinary concrete after fire. Concretes comprising granite and calcareous aggregates were studied as they are commonly used around the world in civil engineering construction. The study considered different loading levels (0·3fcd and 0·7fcd), different cooling processes (cooling in air and by water jet) and varying maximum temperatures of concrete exposure (20, 300, 500 and 700°C). The mechanical properties of the concretes (residual compressive strength, direct and splitting tensile and flexural strengths and modulus of elasticity) after being subjected to high temperatures were studied. High temperatures and sudden cooling of the concrete showed a negative effect on its residual mechanical properties. This effect was more significant for the residual compressive strength than for the other mechanical properties.
Large‐scale trade‐off between agricultural intensification and crop pollination services
Authors: Deguines Nicolas , Jono Clémentine , Baude Mathilde , Henry Mickaël , Julliard Romain , Fontaine Colin
Published: May 2014

Unprecedented growth in human populations has required the intensification of agriculture to enhance crop productivity, but this was achieved at a major cost to biodiversity. There is abundant local‐scale evidence that both pollinator diversity and pollination services decrease with increasing agricultural intensification. This raises concerns regarding food security, as two‐thirds of the world's major food crops are pollinator‐dependent. Whether such local findings scale up and affect crop production over larger scales is still being debated. Here, we analyzed a country‐wide dataset of the 54 major crops in France produced over the past two decades and found that benefits of agricultural intensification decrease with increasing pollinator dependence, to the extent that intensification failed to increase the yield of pollinator‐dependent crops and decreased the stability of their yield over time. This indicates that benefits from agricultural intensification may be offset by reductions in pollination services, and supports the need for an ecological intensification of agriculture through optimization of ecosystem services.
A Social Cognitive Theory: Perspective of the Sugary Drink Cup Size Policy
Authors: Penaranda Eribeth , Modave Francois , Diaz Marco
Published: May 2014

In an attempt to fight the obesity epidemic, an unprecedented policy banning the sale of sugary beverages in
containers over 16 ounces in selected public venues was proposed the city of New York. This policy is not without
opposition from different sectors including the sugary beverage industry and civil organizations that portray it as a
violation of consumers’ rights to choose. We explore the likelihood of such policy to be successful in curbing the obesity
epidemic from a Social Cognitive Theory perspective.
A Field Study on the Use of Process Mining of Event Logs as an Analytical Procedure in Auditing
Authors: Jans Mieke , Alles Michael G. , Vasarhelyi Miklos A.
Published: May 2014

There is a large body of accounting research literature examining the use of analytical procedures by auditors and proposing either new types of analytical procedures or more effective ways of implementing existing procedures. In this paper, we demonstrate—using procurement data from a leading global bank—the value added in an audit setting of a new type of analytical procedure: process mining of event logs. In particular, using process mining, we are able to identify numerous transactions that we consider to be audit-relevant information, including payments made without approval, violations of segregation of duty controls, and violations of company-specific internal procedures. Furthermore, these identified anomalies were not detected by the bank's internal auditors when they conducted their examination of that same data using conventional audit procedures, thus establishing the benefits of using process mining to complement existing audit methods. Process mining is a very different approach to evidence collection and analysis as it does not focus on the value of transactions and its aggregations, but on the transactional processes themselves. In addition to demonstrating the benefits of process mining in an audit context, this paper also discusses the contributions that process mining can make both to accounting research and auditing practice.
Yersinia pestis infection in dogs: 62 cases (2003–2011)
Authors: Nichols Megin C. , Ettestad Paul J. , VinHatton Elizabeth S. , Melman Sandra D. , Onischuk Lisa , Pierce Erica A. , Aragon Adam S.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, and treatment practices in dogs with Yersinia pestis infection in New Mexico.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—62 dogs with plague in New Mexico.

Procedures—Confirmed case animals had isolation of Yersinia pestis from a clinical specimen, a positive direct fluorescent antibody test result, or a minimum 4-fold change between acute and convalescent serum antibody titers with clinically compatible illness. Retrospective review of cases of laboratory-confirmed plague from 2003 to 2011 was performed with a standardized chart abstraction form. Epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data were evaluated.

Results—62 confirmed cases of canine plague were identified from 2003 to 2011. Most cases (85%) were confirmed by serologic titers alone or in conjunction with other testing methods. Clinical signs included fever (100%), lethargy (97%), anorexia (77%), lymphadenopathy (23%), vomiting (13%), diarrhea (8%), and abscesses (2%). Most case animals (73%) were treated with multiple antimicrobials. Sixty (97%) case animals survived; of the 2 nonsurvivors, one was euthanized and another died. Potential sources of exposure to Y pestis included hunting, rodent or rabbit exposure, and residence in rural areas.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that dogs with exposure to Y pestis can develop moderate to severe illness or die as a result of infection. Veterinarians practicing in and examining animals from the western United States need to be familiar with the epidemiology of plague and query owners about potential plague exposures when consistent clinical signs are present. Veterinarians are often the first to recognize signs of plague among sentinel populations and have the opportunity to intervene and prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
Effect of limb positioning on the radiographic appearance of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joint spaces of the forelimbs of horses during evaluation of dorsopalmar radiographs
Authors: Contino Erin K. , Barrett Myra F. , Werpy Natasha M.
Published: May 2014

Objective—To determine the effect of limb positioning on the radiographic appearance of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joint spaces of the forelimbs of horses during evaluation of dorsopalmar radiographs.

Design—Evaluation study.

Animals—14 forelimbs from 9 adult horses.

Procedures—Each horse was in standing position with its forelimbs positioned on blocks. Dorsopalmar radiographs of each foot were obtained with the forelimbs positioned squarely (the metacarpus of both forelimbs was perpendicular to the ground as determined by visual examination [abducted 0°]; baseline) and abducted 5° and 10°. The width of the space at the medial and lateral aspects of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints (medial and lateral joint space width, respectively) was measured. Mediolateral joint balance was calculated as the difference between the widths of the lateral and medial joint spaces, and joint space width and mediolateral joint balance were compared among all 3 positions.

Results—As the extent of limb abduction increased, the medial aspect of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints became narrower, compared with the corresponding lateral aspect of those joints. For both the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints, the mediolateral joint balance differed significantly among all limb positions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Forelimb position significantly affected the mediolateral joint balance of the interphalangeal joints of horses. Thus, it is crucial that the forelimbs of horses be squarely positioned when dorsopalmar radiographs are obtained for accurate evaluation of interphalangeal joint space and balance.
Rapid Revelation of Radiocarbon Records with Laser Ablation Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Münsterer Caroline , Wacker Lukas , Hattendorf Bodo , Christl Marcus , Koch Joachim , Dietiker Rolf , Synal Hans-Arno , Günther Detlef
Published: May 2014

By focusing high-intensity laser pulses on carbonate samples carbon dioxide is generated and can be directly introduced into the gas ion source (GIS) of an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS). This new technique allows rapid radiocarbon analyses at high spatial resolution. The design
of the deignated laser ablation cell as well as first results on a stalagmite sample are presented.
A Vibronic Coupling Hamiltonian to Describe the Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of a Cu(I)-Phenanthroline Complex
Authors: Capano Gloria , Penfold Thomas J. , Röthlisberger Ursula , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: May 2014

We present a model Hamiltonian to study the nonadiabatic dynamics of photoexcited [Cu(dmp)2]+, (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). The relevant normal modes, identified by the magnitude of the first order coupling constants, correspond closely to those observed
experimentally. The potential energy surfaces (PES) and nonadiabatic couplings for these modes are computed and provide a first interpretation of the nonadiabatic relaxation mechanism. The Hamiltonian incorporates both the low lying singlet and triplet states, which will make it possible to
follow the dynamics from the photoexcitation event to the initial stages of intersystem crossing.
Benign Synthesis of Indoles from Anilines and Epoxides: New Application for Ruthenium Pincer Catalysts
Authors: Monney Angèle , Peña-López Miguel , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2014

For the first time, ruthenium pincer complexes such as Ru-MACHO-BH were successfully used as catalysts in the domino-synthesis of indoles from anilines and epoxides. Following previously optimised procedures, a variety of indoles were produced in an atom-efficient manner with water
and hydrogen as the only stoichiometric side-products. The ?-amino alcohol, resulting from the ring-opening of the epoxide with the aniline derivative, undergoes dehydrogenation, followed by condensation with excess aniline and the final intramolecular cyclisation affords the desired
indole. Ru-MACHO-BH showed similar catalytic activity than our previously reported in situ prepared catalyst (Ru3(CO)12/dppf) without further optimisation of the reaction conditions.
The Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Amides
Authors: Schäfer Gabriel , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2014

Amide bond formation is one of the most important reactions due to the ubiquity of the amide functional group in pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. However, even the best existing methods reach their limits when it comes to the synthesis of sterically hindered amides.
In this article we summarize our research in the formation of sterically hindered amides. We show that the direct coupling of Grignard reagents to isocyanates provides a facile and robust solution to this long-standing challenge and hope that this methodology will find widespread application in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and materials.
Pelvic Floor Ultrasound Imaging: Are Physiotherapists Interchangeable in the Assessment of Levator Hiatal Biometry?
Authors: Thibault-Gagnon Stéphanie , Gentilcore-Saulnier Evelyne , Auchincloss Cindy , McLean Linda
Published: May 2014

Purpose: To evaluate inter-examiner reliability in the ultrasound (US) assessment of levator hiatal dimensions when different physiotherapists perform independent data acquisition and analysis. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 14 asymptomatic nulliparous women were imaged at rest, during pelvic floor muscle contraction, and during Valsalva manoeuvre by two physiotherapists using three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) transperineal US. Examiners each measured the dimensions of the levator hiatus (area and antero-posterior and transverse diameters) from the US volumes they respectively acquired. Inter-examiner reliability was determined using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), and inter-examiner agreement was determined using Bland–Altman analyses. Results: The ICC results demonstrated very good inter-examiner reliability (ICC=0.84–0.98); Bland–Altman results showed high inter-examiner agreement across all measurements. Conclusions: Trained examiners may be considered interchangeable in the US assessment of levator hiatal biometry. Overall, trained physiotherapists using transperineal US imaging to assess levator hiatal biometry can be confident when comparing their own clinical findings to those of their colleagues and to findings published in the literature.
The Development and Testing of a Checklist to Study Behaviour Change Techniques used in a Treatment Programme for Canadian Armed Forces Members with Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Harman Katherine , MacRae Marsha , Vallis Michael
Published: May 2014

Purpose: There are reports of increased use of a variety of behaviour change techniques (BCT) by physiotherapists and findings of beneficial effects of use. However, there is a lack of physiotherapy-specific definitions of these techniques, as well as a sense of how physiotherapists use them in practice. Through this study, the authors created and field tested a preliminary nomenclature and description for BCT in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods: Items for the Physiotherapy Behaviour Change Technique (PT-BCT) checklist were derived from a nomenclature created for use in psychology and also from publications of studies using cognitive behaviour therapy-based approaches in physiotherapy. Content validity was tested via survey of clinical and research experts. Videotapes of a 6-week patient self-management rehabilitation programme were used for training, reliability testing, and field testing of the PT-BCT checklist. Results: Checklist items were endorsed by the majority of experts surveyed; intra- and inter-rater reliability were moderate to high. In the field study, a broad range of BCT types (behavioural, cognitive, and motivational) were observed in both classroom and gym settings. Conclusions: The BCT nomenclature arising from this study and the PT-BCT checklist will be useful to further explore behaviour change in physiotherapy practice. The observation in this study that BCT were integrated into physiotherapists' practice illustrates how physiotherapists can play a role in changing behaviour, specifically in the presence of CNSLBP.
The axial transsacral approach to interbody fusion at L5–S1
Authors: Issack Paul S. , Kotwal Suhel Y. , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba
Published: May 2014

Lumbosacral interbody fusion may be indicated to treat degenerative disc disease at L5–S1, instability or spondylolisthesis at that level, and severe neural foraminal stenosis resulting from loss of disc space height. In addition, L5–S1 interbody fusion may provide anterior support to a long posterior fusion construct and help offset the stresses experienced by the distal-most screws. There are 3 well-established techniques for L5–S1 interbody fusion: anterior lumbar interbody fusion, posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Each of these has advantages and pitfalls. A more recently described axial transsacral technique, utilizing the presacral corridor, may represent a minimally invasive approach to obtaining lumbosacral interbody arthrodesis. Biomechanical studies demonstrate that the stiffness of the axial rod is comparable to existing fixation devices, suggesting that, biomechanically, it may be a good implant for obtaining lumbosacral interbody fusion. Clinical studies have demonstrated good early results with the use of the axial transsacral approach in obtaining lumbosacral interbody fusion for degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, and below long posterior fusion constructs. The technique is exacting and complications can be major, including rectal perforation and fistula, loss of correction, and pseudarthrosis.
An algorithmic strategy for selecting a surgical approach in cervical deformity correction
Authors: Hann Shannon , Chalouhi Nohra , Madineni Ravichandra , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Albert Todd J. , Harrop James , Heller Joshua E.
Published: May 2014

Adult degenerative cervical kyphosis is a debilitating disease that often requires complex surgical management. Young spine surgeons, residents, and fellows are often confused as to which surgical approach to choose due to lack of experience, absence of a systematic method of surgical management, and today's plethora of information regarding surgical techniques. Although surgeons may be able to perform anterior, posterior, or combined (360°) approaches to the cervical spine, many struggle to rationally choose an appropriate approach for deformity correction. The authors introduce an algorithm based on morphology and pathology of adult cervical kyphosis to help the surgeon select the appropriate approach when performing cervical deformity surgery. Cervical deformities are categorized into 5 different prevalent morphological types encountered in clinical settings. A surgical approach tailored to each category/type of deformity is then discussed, with a concrete case illustration provided for each. Preoperative assessment of kyphosis, determination of the goal for surgery, and the complications associated with cervical deformity correction are also summarized. This article's goal is to assist with understanding the big picture for surgical management in cervical spinal deformity.
Measurement of Environmental Gamma Dose at AECD Campus of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Islam M. A. , Begum A. , Rahman M. M. , Ahsan M. H.
Published: May 2014

A portable HPGe detector has been employed to assess environmental gamma-ray dose following in-situ technique from the primordial radionuclide 40K in the soil at 15 monitoring points (MPs) in the environment at the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka (AECD) campus, Bangladesh. The MPs were marked-out using Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation. The measured dose rate due to 40K range from 0.0428 µGy.h-1 to 0.1222 µGy.h-1 with an average of 0.0828 ± 0.0225 µGy.h-1. Keywords: Gamma; Environment; Dose rate.© 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17146 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 285-291 (2014)
Production of Biogas from an Agro-industrial Waste and its Characteristics
Authors: Iqbal K. , Aftab T. , Iqbal J. , Aslam S. , Ahmed R.
Published: May 2014

Molasses is a significant by-product of sugar industry and can be used as substrate in anaerobic digestion process for biogas production. Molasses was diluted ten time; inoculated by methane producing bacteria, mixed thoroughly in 2 liter batch bioreactor, kept at 370C for 15 days under anaerobic conditions for biogas yield. pH in the process was monitored three times a day. Total solids, volatile solids and COD were measured at alternate days. The gas production was measured by water displacement method. Ten times diluted molasses under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of methane producing bacteria was converted to 6.55 dm3/kg of biogas or 3.93 dm3/kg CH4 and 0.144 kWh electricity.  Keywords: Agro industrial waste; Molasses; Methanogen; Anaerobic digestion; Biogas production. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17320 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 347-357 (2014)
Microbiological Quality of Street Vended Drinking Water in Dhaka City and Screening for Antibiotics Resistance of Isolated Salmonella spp and Pseudomonas spp.
Authors: Ahmed S. , Mahbub K. R. , Ahmed M. M. , Rahman M. , Hoque M. M.
Published: May 2014

The present study was aimed to assess the microbiological quality of street vended drinking water of Dhaka city. The water samples were collected from street vendors in different areas of Dhaka city. All of the 30 samples were found having microorganisms higher than WHO limits for drinking water. Four (13.34%) samples were confirmed to have Salmonella contamination and twenty (66.67%) samples were contaminated with Pseudomonas. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization Salmonella isolates were identified as Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella bongori. Among the isolates of Pseudomonas, fourteen were identified as Pseudomonas alcaligens and six were as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During antibiogram for Salmonella, 100% of the isolates were found resistant to Penicillin. Chloramphenicol, doxycycline, Gentamycin, Neomycin were sensitive to all of the isolates. The Pseudomonas isolates showed a significant drug resistance to Penicillin (100%), Ampicillin (95%), Amoxicillin (95%) and Nalidixic acid (85%). The present study demonstrates that drinking water samples from street vendors in Dhaka city are not complying with microbiological specifications of WHO and indicates that street vending drinking water in Dhaka city may not be safe for human consumption and also shows that these are the potential sources of drug resistance Salmonella and Pseudomonas.  Keywords: Street vended drinking water; Antibiotic resistance; Salmonella; Pseudomonas. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17640 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 359-371 (2014)
La Vie de Jean de Novgorod : genèse du texte et fonction hagiographique [The Vita of Ioann from Novgorod : Genesis of the Text and Hagiographic Function]
Authors: Romoli Francesca
Published: May 2014

The Vita of Ioann from Novgorod

Genesis of the Text and Hagiographic Function

The article focuses on the Vita of Ioann from Novgorod (Žitie Ioanna Novgorodskogo), a document composed in Novgorod at the end of the 15th century. The author considers the text within the historical context of its genesis and analyzes its literary form and function. In the middle of the 15th century Archbishop Ioann (1165-1186) became the symbol of Novgorod independence in the face of the centralizing policy of the Muscovite State. Evfimij II (1428 [ 1434]-1458) founded the local cult and ordered Paxomij the Serb to compose a liturgical office in celebration of the Ioann’s memory. The gathering and literary (re-) elaboration of some ancient, pre-existing tales about Ioann began then, and these materials were included in the Vita. The Vita of Ioann (in its main redaction) is composed of three different parts : the Story about the sign of the Mother of God (Skazanie o Znamenii Bogorodicy),

the Narration of Ioann’s journey from Novgorod riding the devil (Povest ´ o putešestvii Ioanna Novgorodskogo na bese), and the

Sermon on the discovery of the relics of the Saint (Slovo o projavlenii moščej svjatogo).

Their inclusion in the biography created an apparently anomalous vita. Textual analysis shows the repetition and the unifying role of some topics (i. e. miracles) and the lack of others. Above all, however, the analysis of the Vita of Ioann establishes its substantial regularity, accurate elaboration, and conformity to the paradigms of traditional hagiography. In the 16th century the Vita of Ioann

was included in metropolitan Makarij’s

Velikie minei chetii.