bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Dosages of Progesterone in Luteal Phase Support Reflect Varying Endometrial microRNA Expression in Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles
Authors: Yang Wen-Jui , Lu Farn , Wang Cai-Yun , Hong Jun-Jie , Wang Tiffany , Yang Pok Eric , Huang Jack Yu-Jen
Published: March 2024

Despite serum progesterone being a widely accepted method for luteal phase support during embryo transfer cycles, debates persist regarding the optimal strategy for guiding clinical decisions on progesterone dosages to maximize reproductive outcomes. This retrospective study explored the utility of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in guiding personalized progesterone dosage adjustments for frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in 22 in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients undergoing hormone replacement therapy. Utilizing MIRA, an miRNA-based endometrial receptivity test, we analyzed patients’ miRNA expression profiles before and after progesterone dosage adjustments to determine suitable dosages and assess endometrial status. Despite patients receiving identical progesterone dosages, variations in miRNA profiles were observed in the initial cycle, and all patients presented a displaced window of implantation. Following dosage adjustments based on their miRNA profiles, 91% of patients successfully transitioned their endometrium towards the receptive stages. However, two patients continued to exhibit persistent displaced receptivity despite the adjustments. Given the evident variation in endometrial status and serum progesterone levels among individuals, analyzing miRNA expression profiles may address the challenge of inter-personal variation in serum progesterone levels, to deliver more personalized dosage adjustments and facilitate personalized luteal phase support in IVF.
The Diversity of Wolbachia and Other Bacterial Symbionts in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Lina , Cai Xiangyun , Rutikanga Alexandre , Qiu Baoli , Hou Youming
Published: March 2024

Bacterial symbionts associated with insects can be crucial in insect nutrition, metabolism, immune responses, development, and reproduction. However, the bacterial symbionts of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda remain unclear. S. frugiperda is an invasive polyphagous pest that severely damages many crops, particularly maize and wheat. Here, we investigated the infection, composition, abundance, and diversity of bacterial symbionts, especially Wolbachia, in different tissues of S. frugiperda female adults. The infection prevalence frequencies of Wolbachia in five provinces of China, namely Pu’er, Yunnan; Nanning, Guangxi; Sanya, Hainan; Yunfu, Guangdong; and Nanping, Fujian, were assessed. The results indicated that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the three most dominant bacterial phyla in S. frugiperda adults. At the genus level, the abundant microbiota, which included Enterobacter and Enterococcus, varied in abundance between tissues of S. frugiperda. Wolbachia was found in the ovaries and salivary glands of S. frugiperda adults, and was present in 33.33% of the Pu’er, Yunnan, 23.33% of the Nanning, Guangxi, and 13.33% of the Sanya, Hainan populations, but Wolbachia was absent in the Yunfu, Guangdong and Nanping, Fujian populations. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed that all of the Wolbachia strains from the different S. frugiperda populations belonged to the supergroup B and were named the wFru strain. Since there were Wolbachia strains inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility in supergroup B, these findings may provide a foundation for developing potential biocontrol techniques against S. frugiperda.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and Comparison with Other Pyraloid Moths
Authors: Despabiladeras Joshua B. , Bautista Ma. Anita M.
Published: March 2024

The eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée) is a devastating lepidopteran pest of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in the Philippines. Management of an insect pest like the EFSB requires an understanding of its biology, evolution, and adaptations. Genomic resources provide a starting point for understanding EFSB biology, as the resources can be used for phylogenetics and population structure studies. To date, genomic resources are scarce for EFSB; thus, this study generated its complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome). The circular mitogenome is 15,244 bp-long. It contains 37 genes, namely 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes, and has conserved noncoding regions, motifs, and gene syntenies characteristic of lepidopteran mitogenomes. Some protein-coding genes start and end with non-canonical codons. The tRNA genes exhibit a conserved cloverleaf structure, with the exception in trnS1. Partitioned phylogenetic analysis using 72 pyraloids generated highly supported maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees revealing expected basal splits between Crambidae and Pyralidae, and Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae. Spilomelinae was recovered to be paraphyletic, with the EFSB robustly placed before the split of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae. Overall, the EFSB mitogenome resource will be useful for delineations within Spilomelinae and population structure analysis.
Burden from Study Questionnaire on Patient Fatigue in Qualitative Congestive Heart Failure Research
Authors: Iyngkaran Pupalan , Usmani Wania , Bahmani Zahra , Hanna Fahad
Published: March 2024

Mixed methods research forms the backbone of translational research methodologies. Qualitative research and subjective data lead to hypothesis generation and ideas that are then proven via quantitative methodologies and gathering objective data. In this vein, clinical trials that generate subjective data may have limitations, when they are not followed through with quantitative data, in terms of their ability to be considered gold standard evidence and inform guidelines and clinical management. However, since many research methods utilise qualitative tools, an initial factor is that such tools can create a burden on patients and researchers. In addition, the quantity of data and its storage contributes to noise and quality issues for its primary and post hoc use. This paper discusses the issue of the burden of subjective data collected and fatigue in the context of congestive heart failure (CHF) research. The CHF population has a high baseline morbidity, so no doubt the focus should be on the content; however, the lengths of the instruments are a product of their vigorous validation processes. Nonetheless, as an important source of hypothesis generation, if a choice of follow-up qualitative assessment is required for a clinical trial, shorter versions of the questionnaire should be used, without compromising the data collection requirements; otherwise, we need to invest in this area and find suitable solutions
Evaluation of Outcome after Total Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture: Which Factors Are Relevant for Better Results?
Authors: Schiavi Paolo , Pogliacomi Francesco , Bergamaschi Matteo , Ceccarelli Francesco , Vaienti Enrico
Published: March 2024

Background: Femoral neck fractures (FNFs) are frequent orthopedic injuries in elderly patients. Despite improvements in clinical monitoring and advances in surgical procedures, 1-year mortality remains between 15% and 30%. The aim of this study is to identify variables that lead to better outcomes in patients treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) for FNFs. Methods: All patients who underwent cementless THA for FNF from January 2018 to December 2022 were identified. Patients aged more than 80 years old and with other post-traumatic lesions were excluded. Patient data and demographic characteristics were collected. The following data were also registered: time trauma/surgery, surgical approach, operative time, intraoperative complications, surgeon arthroplasty-trained or not, and anesthesia type. In order to search for any predictive factors of better short- and long-term outcomes, we performed different logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 92 patients were included. From multivariable logistic regression models, we derived that a direct anterior surgical approach and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification < 3 can predict improved short-term outcomes. Moreover, THAs performed by surgeons with specific training in arthroplasty have a lower probability of revision at 1 year. Mortality at 1 year was ultimately influenced by the ASA classification. Conclusions: A direct anterior approach and specific arthroplasty training of the surgeon appear to be able to improve the short- and long-term follow-up of THA after FNF.
Candida tropicalis Affects Candida albicans Virulence by Limiting Its Capacity to Adhere to the Host Intestinal Surface, Leading to Decreased Susceptibility to Colitis in Mice
Authors: Roberts Kyle , Osme Abdullah , De Salvo Carlo , Zoli Eleonora , Herrada Janet , McCormick Thomas S. , Ghannoum Mahmoud , Cominelli Fabio , Di Martino Luca
Published: March 2024

Candida (C.) infections represent a serious health risk for people affected by inflammatory bowel disease. An important fungal virulence factor is the capacity of the fungus to form biofilms on the colonized surface of the host. This research study aimed to determine the effect of a C. tropicalis and C. albicans co-infection on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The colitis severity was evaluated using histology and a colonoscopy. The mice were mono-inoculated with C. albicans or C. tropicalis or co-challenged with both species. The mice were administered 3% DSS to induce acute colitis. The biofilm activity was assessed using (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl] 2H-tetrazoliumhydroxide (XTT) and dry-weight assays. The abundance of C. albicans in the colon tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The co-challenged mice showed a decreased colitis severity compared to the mono-inoculated mice. The dry-weight assay demonstrated a marked decrease in C. albicans biofilm production in a C. albicans culture incubated with C. tropicalis supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining showed that C. albicans was more abundant in the mucosa of C. albicans mono-inoculated mice compared to the co-inoculated group. These data indicate an antagonistic microbial interaction between the two Candida species, where C. tropicalis may produce molecules capable of limiting the ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host intestinal surface, leading to a reduction in biofilm formation.
The “Can Do, Do Do” Framework Applied to Assess the Association between Physical Capacity, Physical Activity and Prospective Falls, Subsequent Fractures, and Mortality in Patients Visiting the Fracture Liaison Service
Authors: Schene Merle R. , Wyers Caroline E. , Driessen Johanna H. M. , Vranken Lisanne , Meijer Kenneth , van den Bergh Joop P. , Willems Hanna C.
Published: March 2024

The “can do, do do” framework combines measures of poor and normal physical capacity (PC, measured by a 6 min walking test, can do/can’t do) and physical activity (PA, measured by accelerometer, do do/don’t do) into four domains and is able to categorize patient subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics, including fall and fracture risk factors. This study aims to explore the association between domain categorization and prospective fall, fracture, and mortality outcomes. This 6-year prospective study included patients visiting a Fracture Liaison Service with a recent fracture. Outcomes were first fall (at 3 years of follow-up, measured by fall diaries), first subsequent fracture, and mortality (at 6 years). Cumulative incidences of all three outcomes were calculated. The association between domain categorization and time to the three outcomes was assessed by uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis with the “can do, do do” group as reference. The physical performance of 400 patients with a recent fracture was assessed (mean age: 64 years; 70.8% female), of whom 61.5%, 20.3%, and 4.9% sustained a first fall, sustained a subsequent fracture, or had died. Domain categorization using the “can do, do do” framework was not associated with time to first fall, subsequent fracture, or mortality in the multivariate Cox regression analysis for all groups. “Can’t do, don’t do” group: hazard ratio [HR] for first fall: 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–1.23), first fracture HR: 0.58 (95% CI: 0.24–1.41), and mortality HR: 1.19 (95% CI: 0.54–6.95). Categorizing patients into a two-dimensional framework seems inadequate to study complex, multifactorial outcomes. A personalized approach based on known fall and fracture risk factors might be preferable.
Real-Life Study of Patient Preference for Dupilumab or Revision Surgery for Recurrent Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Gangl Katharina , Liu David Tianxiang , Bartosik Tina , Campion Nicholas James , Vyskocil Erich , Mueller Christian Albert , Knerer Birgit , Eckl-Dorna Julia , Schneider Sven
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has a high rate of recurrence in patients, despite therapy with local corticosteroids and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Dupilumab, a recombinant monoclonal human IgG4 antibody directed against the IL-4 receptor α that inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13 signal transduction, is available for symptomatic therapy. Patient preference between repeated surgery and injection therapy with Dupilumab is not known. (2) Methods: Patients who had experienced at least one surgical intervention for nasal polyps and were treated with Dupilumab for at least 3 months completed a retrospective patient questionnaire. (3) Results: In a cohort of 75 previously operated CRSwNP patients, 91.5% preferred therapy with Dupilumab to repeated surgery for nasal polyps. Preference for Dupilumab in the subgroups of patients with concomitant Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (N-ERD) (n = 32), patients with concomitant asthma (n = 25), and patients without concomitant disease (n = 18) was 100%, 96%, and 72%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Patient preference for Dupilumab over repeat surgery is strongest in previously operated CRSwNP patients with concomitant asthma or N-ERD, but remains very high in patients without concomitant disease.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Head and Neck Cancers: A Multidisciplinary Survey
Authors: Giannitto Caterina , Carnicelli Giorgia , Lusi Stefano , Ammirabile Angela , Casiraghi Elena , De Virgilio Armando , Esposito Andrea Alessandro , Farina Davide , Ferreli Fabio , Franzese Ciro , Frigerio Gian Marco , Lo Casto Antonio , Malvezzi Luca , Lorini Luigi , Othman Ahmed E. , Preda Lorenzo , Scorsetti Marta , Bossi Paolo , Mercante Giuseppe , Spriano Giuseppe , Balzarini Luca , Francone Marco
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have been introduced in various disciplines but remain rather unused in head and neck (H&N) cancers. This survey aimed to infer the current applications of and attitudes toward AI in the multidisciplinary care of H&N cancers. From November 2020 to June 2022, a web-based questionnaire examining the relationship between AI usage and professionals’ demographics and attitudes was delivered to different professionals involved in H&N cancers through social media and mailing lists. A total of 139 professionals completed the questionnaire. Only 49.7% of the respondents reported having experience with AI. The most frequent AI users were radiologists (66.2%). Significant predictors of AI use were primary specialty (V = 0.455; p < 0.001), academic qualification and age. AI’s potential was seen in the improvement of diagnostic accuracy (72%), surgical planning (64.7%), treatment selection (57.6%), risk assessment (50.4%) and the prediction of complications (45.3%). Among participants, 42.7% had significant concerns over AI use, with the most frequent being the ‘loss of control’ (27.6%) and ‘diagnostic errors’ (57.0%). This survey reveals limited engagement with AI in multidisciplinary H&N cancer care, highlighting the need for broader implementation and further studies to explore its acceptance and benefits.
On Correlation Aversion and Insurance Demand
Authors: Giannikos Christos I. , Kakolyris Andreas , Suen Tin Shan (Michael)
Published: March 2024

This is a study of decision problems under two-dimensional risk. We use an existing index of absolute correlation aversion to conveniently classify bivariate preferences, with respect to attitudes toward this risk. This classification seems to be more important than whether decision makers are correlation-averse or correlation-seeking for the study of insurance demand when a loss has a multidimensional impact. On this note, we also re-examine Mossin’s theorem under bivariate preferences, where full insurance is preferred with a fair premium, while less than full coverage is preferred with a proportional premium loading. Furthermore, based on the comparative statics of this two-dimensional insurance model for changes in correlation aversion, we derive testable implications about the classification of bivariate utility functions. For the particular case when the two-dimensional risk can be interpreted as risk on income and health, we identify the form of separable utility functions depending on health status and income that is consistent with household disability insurance decisions.
Comparison of In Silico Signal Sequence-Phospholipid Results with Described In Vitro and In Vivo Protein Translocation Studies Seems to Underscore the Significance of Phospholipids
Authors: Keller Rob C. A.
Published: March 2024

The precise role of protein–lipid interactions in protein translocation is, after almost four decades of research, still a matter of debate. The experimental evidence, as described in the literature, indicates that (anionic) phospholipids play a role in numerous events in protein translocation; however, its meaning and relevance are still a matter of debate. This study tries to fill some missing links in the experimental evidence by means of in silico experiments. The study presented here indicates not only that there is a direct signal sequence–phospholipid interaction but also that the corresponding signal peptides can translocate additional amino acids across a pure lipid membrane. Furthermore, results are presented when it comes to the extent of anionic phospholipids’ dependence on this process. The correlations between the in silico results of pure signal peptide–phospholipid interactions and the observed experimental trends in the overall protein translocation effects are at least remarkable. The results emphasize that new models for protein translocation will have to be developed to take all these and previous experimental data into account.
Harvesting Vibration Energy for Efficient Cocatalyst-Free Sonocatalytic H2 Production over Magnetically Separable Ultra-Low-Cost Fe3O4
Authors: Zhang Kailai , Sun Xiaodong , Hu Haijun , Qin Anqi , Huang Hongwei , Yao Yali , Zhang Yusheng , Ma Tianyi
Published: March 2024

The cavitation effect is an important geochemical phenomenon, which generally exists under strong hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, developing an economical and effective sonocatalyst becomes a vital method in capitalizing on the cavitation effect for energy generation. In this study, we first report a novel Fe3O4 sonocatalyst that can be easily separated using a magnetic field and does not require any additional cocatalysts for H2 production from H2O. When subjected to ultrasonic vibration, this catalyst achieves an impressive H2 production rate of up to 175 μmol/h/USD (where USD stands for dollars), surpassing most previously reported mechanical catalytic materials. Furthermore, the ease and efficiency of separating this catalyst using an external magnetic field, coupled with its effortless recovery, highlight its significant potential for practical applications. By addressing the key limitations of conventional sonocatalysts, our study not only demonstrates the feasibility of using Fe3O4 as a highly efficient sonocatalyst but also showcases the exciting possibility of using a new class of magnetically separable sonocatalysts to productively transform mechanical energy into chemical energy.
A Detailed Numerical Model for a New Composite Slim-Floor Slab System
Authors: Dudziak Sławomir , Lewiński Paweł M.
Published: March 2024

The paper concerns the numerical modelling of a new slim-floor system with innovative steel–concrete composite beams called “hybrid beams”. Hybrid beams consist of a high-strength TT inverted cross-section steel profile and a concrete core made of high-performance concrete and are jointed with prestressed hollow core slabs by infill concrete and tie reinforcement. Such systems are gaining popularity since they allow the integration of the main structural members within the ceiling depth, shorten the execution time, and reduce the use of concrete and steel. A three-dimensional finite element model is proposed with all parts of the system taken into account and detailed geometry reproduction. Advanced constitutive models are adopted for steel and concrete. Special attention is paid to the proper characterisation of interfaces. The new approach to calibration of damaged elastic traction–separation constitutive model for cohesive elements is applied to concrete-to-concrete contact zones. The model is validated with outcomes of experimental field tests and analytical calculations. A satisfactory agreement between different assessment methods is obtained. The model can be used in the development phase of a new construction system, for instance, to plan further experimental campaigns or to calibrate simplified design formulas.
Hysteresis-Free and Bias-Stable Organic Transistors Fabricated by Dip-Coating with a Vertical-Phase-Separation Structure
Authors: Wang Bingxi , Yin Xiaowen , Yu Shuwen , Wang Haibo
Published: March 2024

The morphology of organic films plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of transistor devices. While the dip-coating technique is capable of producing highly oriented organic films, it often encounters challenges such as limited coverage and the presence of defects in gaps between strips, adversely affecting device performance. In this study, we address these challenges by increasing solution viscosity through the incorporation of a substantial proportion of dielectric polymers, thereby enhancing the participation of additional molecules during the film formation process when pulled up. This method produces continuous and oriented organic films with a notable absence of gaps, significantly improving the carrier mobility of transistor devices by more than twofold. Importantly, the fabricated devices exhibit remarkable reliability, showing no hysteresis even after 200 cycles of measurement. Furthermore, the current and threshold voltages of the devices demonstrate exceptional stability, maintaining steady after 10,000 s of bias measurement. This approach provides a solution for the cost-effective and large-scale production of organic transistors, contributing significantly to the advancement of organic electronics.
Investigation of Liquid–Liquid Reaction Phenomena of Aluminum in Calcium Silicate Slag
Authors: Philipson Harald G. R. , Wallin Maria , Einarsrud Kristian Etienne
Published: March 2024

To achieve better process control of silicon (Si) alloy production using aluminum as a reductant of calcium silicate (CaO-SiO2) slag, it is necessary to understand the reaction phenomena concerning the behavior of formed phases at the metal-slag interface during conversion. The interfacial interaction behavior of non-agitated melt was investigated using the sessile drop method for varying time and temperature, followed by EPMA phase analysis at the vicinity of the metal–slag interface. The most remarkable features of the reaction were the accumulation of solid calcium aluminate product layers at the Al alloy–slag interface and spontaneous emulsion of Si-alloy droplets in the slag phase. The reduction is strictly limited at 1550 °C due to the slow transfer of calcium aluminates away from the metal-slag interface into the partially liquid bulk slag. Reduction was significantly improved at 1600–1650 °C despite an interfacial layer being present, where the conversion rate is most intense in the first minutes of the liquid–liquid contact. A high mass transfer rate across the interface was shown related to the apparent interfacial tension depression of the wetting droplet along with a significant perturbed interface and emulsion due to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability driven by built-up interfacial charge at the interface. The increased reaction rate observed from 1550 °C to 1600–1650 °C for the non-agitated melt was attributed to the advantageous physical properties of the slag phase, which can be further regulated by the stoichiometry of metal–slag interactions and the composition of the slag.
Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties of Wood after Thermal Modification in Closed Process under Pressure in Nitrogen
Authors: Grinins Juris , Sosins Guntis , Brazdausks Prans , Zicans Janis
Published: March 2024

In this study, silver birch (Betula pendula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood planks (1000 × 100 × 25 mm) were thermally modified in pilot-scale equipment. Research extended our knowledge of the thermal modification (TM) process in a closed system under nitrogen pressure, as well as how process parameters affect the chemical composition and mechanical strength of wood. Various TM regimes were selected—maximum temperature (150–180 °C), modification time (30–180 min), and initial nitrogen pressure (3–6 bar). Chemical analyses were performed to assess the amount of extractives, lignin, polysaccharides and acetyl group content following the TM process. The mechanical properties of TM wood were characterized using the modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and Brinell hardness. The MOR of both studied wood species following TM in nitrogen was reduced, but MOE changes were insignificant. The Brinell hardness of TM birch wood’s tangential surface was much higher than that of the radial surface, although Scots pine wood showed the opposite pattern. TM birch and pine wood specimens with the highest mass loss, acetone soluble extractive amount, and the lowest xylan and acetyl group content had the lowest MOR and Brinell hardness.
Lifetime Analysis of Dies Manufactured by Conventional Processes and Reconditioned by Deposition Welding Operation
Authors: Iovanas Daniela Maria , Dumitrascu Adela-Eliza
Published: March 2024

The refurbishment of dies by the deposition welding of wear areas is an efficient and economical process. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the lifetimes of different types of dies for the manufacturing of wagon wheels. The analyzed dies were manufactured by conventional processes (Type I) and reconditioned through a deposition welding procedure using a dedicated electrode (Type II). The Anderson–Darling test was conducted to analyze the goodness of fit of the lifetime data specific to the die types. The maximum likelihood estimation method (MLE) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied in order to estimate the lifetime distribution parameters. It was found that the lifetimes of type II dies were longer than those of type I dies. The mean time to failure (MTTF) recorded for reconditioned dies was 426 min, while the mean time to failure of dies manufactured by conventional processes was approximatively 253 min. In addition, an accentuated hazard rate for type I dies compared to type II dies was observed. The results of this analysis emphasized the fact that dies can be restored to their initial operating capacity by successfully using deposition welding procedures that confer a high resistance to operational loads. At the same time, the use of these procedures allows for the sustainable development of resources and waste management.
Numerical Investigation of the Damage Effect on the Evolution of Adiabatic Shear Banding and Its Transition to Fracture during High-Speed Blanking of 304 Stainless Steel Sheets
Authors: Karantza Konstantina D. , Papaefthymiou Spyros A. , Vaxevanidis Nikolaos M. , Manolakos Dimitrios E.
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates numerically the effect of damage evolution on adiabatic shear banding (ASB) formation and its transition to fracture during high-speed blanking of 304 stainless steel sheets. A structural-thermal-damage-coupled finite element (FE) analysis is developed in LS-DYNA considering the modified Johnson–Cook thermo-viscoplastic model for both plasticity flow rule and damage law, while further, a temperature-dependent fracture criterion is implemented by introducing a critical temperature. The modeling approach is initially validated against experimental data regarding the fracture profile and ASB width. Next, FE simulations are conducted to examine the effect of strain rate and temperature dependence on damage law, while the effect of damage coupling is also evaluated, aiming to highlight the connection between thermal and damage softening and attribute them a specific role regarding ASB formation and transition to fracture. Also, the influence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) softening is studied macroscopically, while further, a parametric analysis of the Taylor–Quinney coefficient is conducted to highlight the effect of plastic work-to-internal heat conversion efficiency on ASB formation. The results revealed that the implementation of damage coupling reacts to reduced ASB width and provides an S-shaped fracture profile, while it also decreases the peak force and results in an earlier fracture. Both findings are enhanced when accounting further for DRX softening and a higher value of the Taylor–Quinney coefficient. Finally, the simulations indicated that thermal softening precedes damage softening, showing that the temperature rise is responsible for ASB initiation, while instead, damage evolution drives ASB propagation and fracture.
Biofilm Formation on Hybrid, Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials for Indirect Restorations: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Tzimas Konstantinos , Rahiotis Christos , Pappa Eftychia
Published: March 2024

Hybrid materials are a recent addition in the field of restorative dentistry for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) indirect restorations. The long-term clinical success of modern dental restorative materials is influenced by multiple factors. Among the characteristics affecting the longevity of a restoration, the mechanical properties and physicοchemical interactions are of utmost importance. While numerous researchers constantly evaluate mechanical properties, the biological background of resin-based CAD/CAM biomaterials is scarcely investigated and, therefore, less described in the literature. This review aims to analyze biofilm formation on the surfaces of novel, hybrid, resin-based CAD/CAM materials and evaluate the methodological protocols followed to assess microbial growth. It is demonstrated that the surface structure, the composition and the finishing and polishing procedures on the surface of a dental restorative material influence initial bacterial adhesion; however, most studies focus on in vitro protocols, and in vivo and/or in situ research of microbiomics in CAD/CAM restorative materials is lacking, obstructing an accurate understanding of the bioadhesion phenomenon in the oral cavity.
Waste Cooking Oil as Eco-Friendly Rejuvenator for Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Bardella Noemi , Facchin Manuela , Fabris Eleonora , Baldan Matteo , Beghetto Valentina
Published: March 2024

Over 50 MioT of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) was collected worldwide in 2020 from domestic and industrial activities, constituting a potential hazard for both water and land environments, and requiring appropriate disposal management strategies. In line with the principles of circular economy and eco-design, in this paper an innovative methodology for the valorisation of WCO as a rejuvenating agent for bitumen 50/70 coming from Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is reported. In particular, WCO or hydrolysed WCO (HWCO) was modified by transesterification or amidation reactions to achieve various WCO esters and amides. All samples were characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance, melting, and boiling point. Since rejuvenating agents for RAP Cold Mix Asphalt require a melting point ≤0 °C, only WCO esters could further be tested. Efficiency of WCO esters was assessed by means of the Asphaltenes Dispersant Test and the Heithaus Parameter. In particular, bitumen blends containing 25 wt% of WCO modified with 2-phenylethyl alcohol, showed high dispersing capacity in n-heptane even after a week, compared to bitumen alone (1 h). Additionally, the Heithaus Parameter of this bitumen blend was almost three times higher than bitumen alone, further demonstrating beneficial effects deriving from the use of WCO esters as rejuvenating agents.
An HVOF-Sprayed (Cr3C2-NiCr+Co) Composite Coating on Ductile Cast Iron: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Scratch Resistance
Authors: Ksiazek Marzanna , Łyp-Wrońska Katarzyna
Published: March 2024

High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermally sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings have been shown to be effective in shielding important machinery and equipment components from wear in harsh, high-temperature conditions. In this investigation, the HVOF thermal spray coating technique was used to deposit Cr3C2-NiCr powder with 10% Co particles onto ductile cast iron. The effect of the Co particles on the mechanical, tribological, and microstructure characteristics of a Cr3C2-NiCr/ductile cast iron system was investigated. The microstructure analysis employed various techniques, including light microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Scratch tests were applied to analyze the coating quality and adhesion. The coatings created using the HVOF spray method with Cr3C2-NiCr powders mixed with Co particles exhibited a dense structure containing large Co particles, partially melted, and very fine Cr3C2 particles embedded into the NiCr alloy matrix. Additionally, they possessed high hardness and excellent adhesion to the substrate. The results of bending strength tests were also presented, together with information on the coating’s microhardness and fracture toughness. These included an analysis of the cracks and delamination in the Cr3C2-NiCr/ductile cast iron system. It was observed that the addition of Co particles significantly increased the resistance to cracking and wear behavior in the studied system.
Improved Bending Strength and Thermal Conductivity of Diamond/Al Composites with Ti Coating Fabricated by Liquid–Solid Separation Method
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Jia Qijin , Sun Jing , Li Yaqiang , He Yinsheng , Bi Wensi , Zheng Wenyue
Published: March 2024

In response to the rapid development of high-performance electronic devices, diamond/Al composites with high thermal conductivity (TC) have been considered as the latest generation of thermal management materials. This study involved the fabrication of diamond/Al composites reinforced with Ti-coated diamond particles using a liquid–solid separation (LSS) method. The interfacial characteristics of composites both without and with Ti coatings were evaluated using SEM, XRD, and EMPA. The results show that the LSS technology can fabricate diamond/Al composites without Al4C3, hence guaranteeing excellent mechanical and thermophysical properties. The higher TC of the diamond/Al composite with a Ti coating was attributed to the favorable metallurgical bonding interface compounds. Due to the non-wettability between diamond and Al, the TC of uncoated diamond particle-reinforced composites was only 149 W/m·K. The TC of Ti-coated composites increased by 85.9% to 277 W/m·K. A simultaneous comparison and analysis were performed on the features of composites reinforced by Ti and Cr coatings. The results suggest that the application of the Ti coating increases the bending strength of the composite, while the Cr coating enhances the TC of the composite. We calculate the theoretical TC of the diamond/Al composite by using the differential effective medium (DEM) and Maxwell prediction model and analyze the effect of Ti coating on the TC of the composite.
Antarctic Snow Failure Mechanics: Analysis, Simulations, and Applications
Authors: Xiao Enzhao , Li Shengquan , Matin Nazar Ali , Zhu Ronghua , Wang Yihe
Published: March 2024

Snow failure is the process by which the stability of snow or snow-covered slopes is destroyed, resulting in the collapse or release of snow. Heavy snowfall, low temperatures, and volatile weather typically cause consequences in Antarctica, which can occur at different scales, from small, localized collapses to massive avalanches, and result in significant risk to human activities and infrastructures. Understanding snow damage is critical to assessing potential hazards associated with snow-covered terrain and implementing effective risk mitigation strategies. This review discusses the theoretical models and numerical simulation methods commonly used in Antarctic snow failure research. We focus on the various theoretical models proposed in the literature, including the fiber bundle model (FBM), discrete element model (DEM), cellular automata (CA) model, and continuous cavity-expansion penetration (CCEP) model. In addition, we overview some methods to acquire the three-dimensional solid models and the related advantages and disadvantages. Then, we discuss some critical numerical techniques used to simulate the snow failure process, such as the finite element method (FEM) and three-dimensional (3D) material point method (MPM), highlighting their features in capturing the complex behavior of snow failure. Eventually, different case studies and the experimental validation of these models and simulation methods in the context of Antarctic snow failure are presented, as well as the application of snow failure research to facility construction. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of snow properties, essential numerical simulation methods, and related applications to enhance our understanding of Antarctic snow failure, which offer valuable resources for designing and managing potential infrastructure in Antarctica.
Push-Out Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Endodontic Posts with Different Diameters
Authors: Rajnics Zsolt , Pammer Dávid , Kőnig-Péter Anikó , Turzó Kinga , Marada Gyula , Radnai Márta
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: The retention of intraradicular posts is an important factor for the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength (PBS) of the posts relating to their diameter and region of the root. (2) Methods: A total of 40 premolar teeth (decoronated and root canal-filled) were divided into four groups (n = 10). After post-space preparation, different sizes (1.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) of glass fiber posts were luted with resin cement into the root canals. After placement, 2 mm thick slices were cut from the roots according to their apical, middle, and coronal regions (n = 116). Push-out tests were carried out in a universal testing machine on each slice. A statistical evaluation of the data was applied. (3) Results: When comparing the diameter, the 2.0 mm posts had the highest PBS (111.99 ± 10.40 N), while the 1.0 mm posts had the lowest PBS (99.98 ± 8.05 N). Divided by the surface of the bonded area, the average PBS value was the highest for the 1.0 mm posts (18.20 ± 1.67 MPa) and the lowest for the 2.0 mm posts (12.08 ± 1.05 MPa). (4) Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, when comparing the regions of the roots, no significant differences were found among the PBS values of the three regions (p = 0.219). When comparing the diameters, significant differences were shown between the PBS values of the four groups (p = 0.023 and p = 0.003, respectively).
Simulation and Experimental Study on the Effect of Edge Radius on the Cutting Condition of Carbide Inserts
Authors: Chen Shitao , Bao Zhiyuan , Yan Yuhong , Lyu Binghai , Chen Hongyu , Hang Wei , Wang Jinhu , Zhao Wenhong , Yuan Julong , Wang Xu
Published: March 2024

Carbide tools are extensively used in the automotive, aerospace, and marine industries. However, an unsuitable tool-edge treatment can affect the cutting performance of carbide tools. In the tool-cutting process, the cutting edge radius is one of the major factors that affect the cutting force, temperature, and quality. In this study, a cutting simulation model of carbide inserts was used to analyze the effect of the cutting edge radius on the cutting performance. The cutting edge radii of the inserts were prepared using shear-thickening polishing methods, followed by cutting experiments. The accuracy of the cutting simulation model was verified through cutting experiments. The simulation results showed that under low-speed cutting conditions, the cutting force and temperature tended to increase with an increase in the cutting edge radius, and the cutting temperature was less affected by the cutting edge radius. The results of the cutting force and cutting temperature obtained from the experiment and simulation were consistent; therefore, the cutting simulation model was verified to be reliable. The results indicate that modeling cutting simulation is a promising research method for predicting the cutting performance of tools.
Traces of Ternary Relations Based on Bandler–Kohout Compositions
Authors: Zedam Lemnaouar , Boughambouz Hamza , De Baets Bernard
Published: March 2024

Recently, we have introduced and studied all possible four-point compositions (one degree of freedom) and five-point compositions (two degrees of freedom) of ternary relations in analogy with the usual composition of binary relations. In this paper, we introduce and study new types of compositions of ternary relations inspired by the compositions of binary relations introduced by Bandler and Kohout (BK-compositions, for short). Moreover, we pay particular attention to the link between BK-compositions and the traces of binary relations and use it as source of inspiration to introduce traces of ternary relations. Moreover, we show that these new notions of BK-compositions and traces are useful tools to solve some relational equations in an unknown ternary relation.
Educational Status as a Mediator of Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe: A Positional Analysis Approach
Authors: Stamatopoulou Glykeria , Tsouparopoulou Eva , Symeonaki Maria
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the transmission of educational attainment from parents to offspring as a mediator of intergenerational class mobility in Europe. The study covers the last two decades with data drawn from a cross-national large-scale sample survey, namely the European Social Survey (ESS), for the years 2002–2018. Interest has focused on the question of the persistence of inequality of educational opportunities by examining the attainment of nominal levels of education and the association between the educational attainment of the parent with the highest level of education and their descendants. The study also covers new trends in social mobility that consider education as a “positional good”, and a novel method of incorporating educational expansion into the transition probabilities is proposed, providing answers to whether the rising accessibility of educational qualifications attenuates the association between social origin and educational attainment. Therefore, the concept of positionality is taken into account in the estimation of intergenerational transition probabilities, and to complement the analysis, mobility measures are provided for both methods, nominal and positional. The proposed positional method is validated through a correlation analysis between the upward mobility scores (nominal and positional) with the Education Expansion Index (EEI) for the respective years. The upward mobility scores estimated via the positional method are more highly correlated with the EEI for all years, indicating a better alignment with the broader trends in educational participation and achievement.
Modeling and Structural Analysis of MEMS Shallow Arch Assuming Multimodal Initial Curvature Profiles
Authors: Alneamy Ayman M. , Ouakad Hassen M.
Published: March 2024

The present investigation focuses on the design and mathematical modeling of a microelectromechanical (MEMS) mode-localized based sensor/actuator system. This device incorporates a sensitive clamped–clamped shallow arch microbeam with an initial curvature shaped to resemble one of the first two symmetric and asymmetric modes of free oscillations of a clamped–clamped beam. The analysis reveals that with a suitable arrangement of the initial shape of the device flexible electrode and a proper tuning of the maximum initial rise and the actuating dc load enables the transition to display certain bistable behavior. This could be a better choice to build a device with a large stroke. Furthermore, the generated data showed the occurrence of mode-veering, indicating a coupling between the concerned symmetric and asymmetric modes of vibrations, and offering the possibility for such a device to be used as a mode-localized MEMS-based sensor utilizing veering and crossing phenomena. Indeed, where a certain energy is exchanged between symmetric and asymmetric modes of a microbeam, it can be utilized to serve as a foundation for the development of a new class of highly precise resonant sensors that can capture, with a certain level of precision, any of the sensed signal amplitudes.
Notes on the Overconvergence of Fourier Series and Hadamard–Ostrowski Gaps
Authors: Stoenchev Miroslav , Todorov Venelin , Georgiev Slavi
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the relationship between the overconvergence of Fourier series and the existence of Hadamard–Ostrowski gaps. Ostrowski’s result on the overconvergence of power series serves as a motivating factor for obtaining a natural generalization: the overconvergence of Fourier series. The connection between Hadamard–Ostrowski gaps and the overconvergence of Fourier series is clarified by applying the Hadamard three-circle theorem and the theory of orthogonal polynomials. Our main result is obtained by applying the Hadamard three-circle theorem.
A Successful Treatment of Broncho-Esophageal Fistula with Esophageal Stenting Using Direct Endoscopic Visualization
Authors: Banciu Christian , Aprotosoaie Adrian , Vancea Dorin , Taban Sorina , Guse Cristina , Budu Oana , Fabian Ramona , Chiriac Sorin , Căruntu Florina , Voicu Adrian
Published: March 2024

Broncho-esophageal fistula (BEF) is a severe yet relatively rare connection between the bronchus and esophagus usually caused by esophageal and pulmonary malignancies. We present a case report of a 49-year-old man diagnosed with terminal lung carcinoma who developed a BEF. The thoracic computed tomography scan detected a mass in the left bronchi that partially covers and disrupts the bronchial contour in certain regions and extends to the esophageal wall. After thoroughly evaluating alternative treatment approaches, we opt for the stenting procedure due to the advanced stage of the tumor and the significantly diminished quality of life. The treatment involves the use of a partially covered metal stent that is known to exhibit lower potential to migrate. The treatment is highly successful, resulting in a significant enhancement of the patient’s quality of life, a lengthening in his survival, and the ability to pursue additional palliative treatment options. In contrast to the typical prosthesis implantation, our procedure uses a direct endoscopic visualization for the proximal deployment of a partially covered stent, offering a cost-effective and radiation-free alternative that can be particularly beneficial for BEF patients in facilities without radiology services.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Emergency Medicine and Emergency Room Medical Issues II”
Authors: Siniscalchi Carmine , Imbalzano Egidio , Di Micco Pierpaolo
Published: March 2024

The variety of clinical issues presented by patients, along with the need for a rapid diagnosis and treatment, represents the main reasons for the risk of burnout among physicians who work in emergency departments [...]