bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronchial obstruction syndrome in patients with tuberculosis of lung: current state of the actual problem
Authors:   The Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv, Kostyk O.P. , Volnytska K.I. ,   The Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv,   KNP ENT "Lviv Regional Phthisio-Pulmonary Clinical Medical Diagnostic Center", Vytryhovskyj O.Ja. ,   KNP ENT "Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital", Rudnytska N.D. ,   The Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv,   KNP ENT "Lviv Regional Phthisio-Pulmonary Clinical Medical Diagnostic Center"
Published: December 2020

A review of modern scientific literature is presented ; features of pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical course of bronchial obstruction syndrome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are studied. Aim. To analyze literature sources, which cover modern views on the pathogenesis, features of clinical manifestation and diagnostics in patients with tuberculosis of the lungs with bronchial obstruction syndrome for verification of its origin. Materials and Methods. A review of scientific publications and a generalization of literature data for the period from 2009 to 2019 were conducted. Thirty-six primary sources most fully reflecting the current views on the problem were selected. Results and Discussion. The analysis of modern scientific literature shows the increased attention of researchers towards the peculiarities of pathomorphosis of tuberculosis during the epidemic; the rapid evolution in the usage of functional and endoscopic diagnostics in the examination of patients with tuberculosis, which made it possible to draw the attention of doctors to the new features in the course of the disease. Bronchologists have paid attention to the significant changes in the frequency and nature of bronchial changes in tuberculosis, namely the increase in the frequency of detection of nonspecific endobronchitis, and the presence of "paraspecific" endobronchitis complicating the course of tuberculosis. Imbalance of immunological status indicators and activation of lipid peroxidation processes were ascertained. Bronchial obstruction syndrome compromises the effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment, which is associated both with the disruption of sanogenesis of destructive changes in the pulmonary parenchyma, creating conditions for long-term MBT persistence; and insufficient concentration of AMBT in areas of active inflammatory process. The issues of verifying the genesis of BOS remain relevant today and require a scientific basis for diagnosis. Conclusions. The results of the analyzed literature indicate the relevance of early verification of the genesis of bronchial obstruction syndrome, which will increase treatment effectiveness by reducing the complications of the underlying disease. Key words: pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial obstruction syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, immunological reactivity
Aksesibilitas Perempuan terhadap Informasi Pemanfaatan Pekarangan di Kabupaten Minahasa Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Manoppo Conny N , Oktavia Yenny
Published: December 2020

Akses informasi memiliki peran yang sangat penting pada berbagai kegiatan manusia tanpa terkecuali perempuan. Peran informasi bagi diri perempuan adalah untuk membuka dan memperluas wawasan berpikir perempuan terhadap segala aktivitas yang dihadapi. Analisis faktor aksesibilitas terhadap informasi pemanfaatan pekarangan dan pengolahan hasil pangan mencakup: tingkat ketersediaan informasi pemanfaatan pekarangan dan pengolahan pangan, kesesuaian informasi yang diterima, serta kredibilitas pemberi informasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Maret 2015 sampai dengan Desember 2015.  Lokasi penelitian di 12 Kecamatan Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 140 orang. Data yang diperoleh dieksplorasi, ditabulasi dalam bentuk tabel frekuensi, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, aksesibilitas terhadap ketersediaan informasi pemanfaatan pekarangan dan pengolahan pangan berkategori tersedia, namun jenis dan jumlah informasi masih kurang tersedia. Kesesuaian informasi yang diterima mengenai pemanfaatan pekarangan dan pengolahan pangan bersumber dari pekarangan, berada dalam kategori sesuai. Kredibilitas pemberi informasi berkategori kurang kredibel. Implikasi kebijakan yang bisa dilakukan adalah: memperbanyak informasi tentang pemanfaatan pekarangan dan pengolahan pangan yang bersumber dari pekarangan melalui media cetak, elektronik (radio dan televisi) serta cyber extension, termasuk media sosial, peningkatan kredibilitas petugas pemberi informasi.
Keberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan dan Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Utami Isti Putri , Hasanuddin Tubagus , Mutolib Abdul
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat keberdayaan masyarakat dan keberhasilan pengelolaan Tahura WAR serta kaitan antara keduanya. Responden yang digunakan adalah 30 orang yang termasuk dalam anggota Kelompok Pengelola dan Pelestari Hutan di Kelurahan Sumber Agung yang ditentukan secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan Focus Group Disscussion. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, sedangkan untuk analisis data digunakan uji Rank Spearman. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, diketahui jika tingkat keberdayaan masyarakat sekitar Tahura WAR secara keseluruhan masuk dalam klasifikasi sedang. Hal tersebut berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah sehingga kurangnya keterampilan masyarakat KPPH Tahura WAR dalam mengelola Tahura WAR. Keberhasilan pengelolaan Tahura WAR termasuk dalam kategori berhasil secara keseluruhan. Hal tersebut berdasarkan pada keberhasilan pengelolaan Tahura WAR dalam menjalankan fungsinya sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan serta perkembangan usaha pertanian masyarakat KPPH Tahura WAR. Keberdayaan masyarakat sekitar Tahura WAR memiliki hubungan nyata yang kuat dengan keberhasilan pengelolaan Tahura WAR di Provinsi Lampung. Berdasarkan Hal tersebut, diharapkan Dinas Kehutanan dan UPTD Tahura WAR dapat meningkatkan keberdayaan masyarakat melalui program pemberdayaan sehingga Tahura WAR dapat dimanfaatkan dengan lebih optimal.
Analisis Komunikasi Program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi dan Persepsi Petani di Kabupaten Solok
Authors: Oktavia Yenny , Azriani Zednita
Published: December 2020

Sektor pertanian khususnya tanaman pangan sering dihadapkan kepada resiko kegagalan panen.  Hal ini disebabkan karena perubahan iklim dan bencana yang dialami sektor pertanian.  Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) merupakan suatu upaya untuk mengatasi resiko kegagalan panen bagi petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat persepsi petani terhadap Program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi di Kabupaten Solok, dan menganalisis komunikasi AUTP dalam rangka meningkatkan perencanaan komunikasi program AUTP di Kabupaten Solok. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1). Persepsi petani terhadap program AUTP di Kabupaten Solok secara umum adalah kurang baik, yang direfleksikan dengan kurang baiknya persepsi petani terhadap sosialisasi AUTP, polis AUTP, klaim AUTP, dan manfaat AUTP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa informasi yang diberikan cukup sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan relevan dengan permasalahan yang dihadapi petani, namun masih kurangnya sosialisasi program, sehingga ketentuan-ketentuan pada mekanisme program belum terakomodasi sesuai keinginan petani. Artinya, program AUTP yang ada selama ini belum diinisiasi dari sistem sosial masyarakat, khususnya petani, tujuan dan ketentuan program yang ada saat ini hanya merupakan hasil ketetapan dari pemerintah.
Diversity and distribution of microfungi in foliage leaf, bark and leaf litter of Couroupita guianensis
Authors: Venkatesan G. , Sharavanan P. S.
Published: December 2020

The diversity and distribution of micro fungal assemblages in the foliage leaf, bark and leaf litter tissues of the Couroupita guianensis sacred plant. For the host, we recorded 1005 fungal species isolates from 900 tissue segments. A total of 62 fungal species were isolated from foliar endophytes, phellophytes and leaf litter. The colonization frequency of the fungi species has been recorded as 111.66% from the endophytes, phellophytes and leaf tissues. The fungi species recovered in various groups included ascomycetes, coelomycetes, hyphomycetes, zygomycetes and sterile fungi. The number of fungal species is increased for the plant tissues, it showed that the species diversity is increasing. A correspondence analysis also showed that the fungal species assemblages were different from each type of tissue.
Problematic issues and practice of using string operations based on the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights (on the example of case law on corruption)
Authors: Kalinina Alla Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

Usage of sting operation in law enforcement for documenting the facts of bribery and commercial bribery faces practical issues substantiated by imperfection of the current federal legislation on operational search activity. There is no legislatively secured definition of string operations along with regulation of the procedure for its conduct. The indicated gaps generate contradictory situations pertaining to the assessment of lawful actions of law enforcement agencies during string operationss. The departmental procedure for conducting operational search activity is insufficient for verification and assessment of performance of operational units by investigators, prosecutors, judges, and lawyers. Work on further amendments to the Federal Law “On Operational Search Activity” is relevant and reasonable. Currently, case law on this issue is quite ambiguous due to such formulations as the defense failed to prove the instance of provocation, and that there were no substantial violations or misuse in during conduct of operational search activity. For ensuring legal guarantees for persons against whom is conducted the string operations, it is essential to address the question of availability and quality of professional legal aid during the conduct of operational search activity, due to the fact that all evidence obtained by the operatives in the absence of lawyer and strictly regulated procedures of the conduct of operational search activity, often become key evidence in a case, which are hard to argue in court.
Administrative-legal models of state management of tourism sector in the Russian Federation
Authors: Savichev Aleksei
Published: December 2020

The formation of optimal system of state management of tourism sector is one of the most relevant problems of tourism development in Russia and abroad. The subject of this research is peculiarities of the models of state management of tourism sector, as well as federal and regional normative legal acts that establish the structure of executive branches and determine the competence of bodies that have special authority in tourism sector. The article explores the administrative-legal aspect of the foreign model of state management of tourism sector. The author reviews the evolution of formation of executive branches in the Russian tourism sector in pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern periods; as well as gives assessment to the existing model of tourism management in the Russian Federation in light of the Presidential Decree No. 372 of 06.05.2020 “On the Enhancement of State Administration in the Sphere of Tourism and Tourist Activities”. This article is first to analyze the models of state management of tourism sector implemented on the level of the federal subjects of Russia. The author comes to the following conclusions: the reform of national tourism administration will be continued; the most common model in the subjects of the Russian Federation is the model of cross-sector regulation of tourism.
Xenograft heterotopic modeling of colorectal cancer of various cell types in athymic BALB/c nude mice
Authors: Лунёва К.А. , Клементьева О.Е. , Терновская К.Э. , Дубова Е.А. , Лунёв А.С.
Published: December 2020

Введение. Высокий уровень заболеваемости колоректальным раком стимулирует поиск методов его своевременной диагностики и эффективной терапии, что, в свою очередь, предполагает использование адекватных животных моделей на стадиях разработки и доклинических исследований. Методика. Для моделирования гетеротопических ксенографтов были использованы клеточные культуры колоректального рака человека линий DLD-1, HCT 116 и HT-29. В качестве носителей опухолевых моделей были взяты мыши линии BALB/c nude. Суспензию клеток вводили подкожно в область лопатки с помощью шприца. Результаты. Полученные из Американской коллекции типовых культур (ATCC) клетки культивировали до достижения необходимого количества для моделирования ксенографтов (20 сут). Клетки линии HCT-116 культивировались активнее и образовывали монослой в 3 раза быстрее, чем клетки линии DLD-1 и HT-29. Выживаемость мышей после проведения процедуры подкожной ксенотрансплантации составляла 100%. Образование ксенографтов объемом около 1 см3 наблюдали на 17-е - 26-е сут после прививания клеток. Приживаемость введённых клеток составила 100% для линии HCT-116. Для клеток колоректального рака человека линий DLD-1 и HT-29 приживаемость составила 75% и 60%, соответственно. Заключение. При экспериментальном моделировании подкожных гетеротопических ксенографтов колоректального рака человека на мышах линии BALB/c nude была получена высокая степень воспроизводимости при 100%-ной выживаемости животных-носителей.

Introduction. The high prevalence of colorectal cancer (СС) stimulates scientists and physicians to search methods for СС diagnosis and effective therapy, which requires appropriate animal models at the stage of development and preclinical studies. Methods. CC cell cultures (DLD-1, HCT 116, and HT-29) were used for heterotopic xenograft modeling in BALB/c nude mice. The cell suspension was injected subcutaneously with a syringe. Results. CC cells from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) were cultivated until obtaining the required number of cells for xenograft modeling (20 days). The HCT-116 cell culture developed more actively and formed a monolayer three times faster than DLD-1 and HT-29 cells. Survival of the mice after subcutaneous transplantation was 100%. Xenografts of approximately 1 cm3 volume formed at 17-26 days after grafting. Transplantability of the injected cells was 100% for HCT-116, 75% for DLD-1, and 60% for HT-29. Conclusion. The experimental modeling of subcutaneous heterotopic CC xenografts in BALB/c nude mice showed a high level of reproducibility with absolute 100% - survival of recipient mice.
Religious Persecution, Exile and the Making of Long Reformation (1500−1800) in Royal Hungary
Authors: Tóth Zsombor
Published: December 2020

This paper intends to focus on the Calvinist and Lutheran refugees of Royal Hungary in order to introduce the major types of exile cases and to evaluate their particular significance in the relevant historical and intellectual contexts of the late seventeenth century. It will argue that the emergence of a reformed confessional identity may well have been influenced by exile experiences, yet the Hungarian case displayed some special features, such as the close interrelatedness of martyrological discourses with patterns of early modern proto-nationalism. It will conclude establishing that the delayed character of both persecution and the emergence of a protestant martyrology demand a rather different perception of Reformation too. Taking into account the historical facts that it was only the Edict of Tolerance (1782) and its validation (1791) that terminated religious persecution and granted free practice of religions, the concept of long Reformation appears to be the most fitting application to the Hungarian case.
Contemporary Perspectives on the Study of Medieval Seals in Western and Romanian Academia: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Ștefan Alexandru
Published: December 2020

The present paper aims to examine the main directions the historical research of medieval seals has followed in the recent decades. Starting from several sigillography handbooks developed in both Western and Romanian academic environments, but also from the published inquiries of the most important contemporary scholars active in this field of study, the present article focuses on their most relevant contributions, their historiographical impact, as well as the concepts and ideas formulated and debated on these occasions. Therefore, the purpose of this approach is not only to make a brief review of the state-of-the-art research in Western sigillography, but also to point out the main directions the Romanian sigillographic research should pursue in the years to come.
Challenges in Proofing of the Cyrillic MCVRO Resources – Equability between the Technical Component and the Role of the Researcher
Authors: Bența Dan , Bud Paula , Platon Elena , Pașca-Tușa Stelian , Oneţiu Elena , Mihăilă Alin , Floca Felix
Published: December 2020

The OCR process is a complex one and with interdisciplinary implications. This paper deals with old historical religious manuscripts and old books to offer solutions for the digitalization process. A high rate of success in the OCR process will help researchers from various fields to use relevant content and to value it in their research. When a research in the field of theology or history is conducted, there are many issues, especially when trying to access old manuscripts. There is no digitalized content to access old Romanian manuscripts and researchers need to learn specific old writing. The focus of the present study is on the problematic technical aspects that we encountered in our attempt to establish the equilibrium ratio between the instruments for the capitalization of the information and the contribution of the specialists in such research studies.
The Difference Between Melancholy and Depression
Authors: Bolea Ștefan
Published: December 2020

Although from a medical point of view, melancholy and depression are indistinguishable, I will try to argue that, from a philosophical perspective, there is an important distinction between the two related affective states. Analyzing various philosophical, literary, poetical, psychiatric and musical works, such as Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), Butler’s Characters (1659), Goethe’s Werther (1774), Novalis’s Hymns to the Night (1800), Beethoven’s “Moonlight” Sonata (1801), Baudelaire’s Flowers of Evil (1857), Cotard’s report on the Hypochondriac Delirium (1880), Kraepelin’s Textbook of Psychiatry (1883), I will try to clarify the psychological ambiguity between melancholy and depression.
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KALINMA HEDEFLERİ BAKIMINDAN ATIK YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARININ HANEHALKI TARAFINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: EDİRNE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TEZEL Özgür , KÜÇÜKKANCABAŞ Selin , YILDIZ Emel
Published: December 2020

İnsanoğlu tüketim odaklı yaşamı ile sadece diğer canlılar ve doğa için değil kendi neslinin devamı için de tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu bencil ve tüketime dayalı yaşam biçiminin terk edilerek doğal kaynakların korunmasını ve ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında devamlılık sağlayabilmeyi amaçlayan çalışmalar ile sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramı ortaya konmuştur.21. yüzyılda, tüm dünyada doğrusal ekonomi uygulamaları terk edilerek döngüsel ekonomi uygulamalarına geçilmektedir. Bu durum, ‘’Al-Kullan-At’’ politikasının yerini ‘’Al-Kullan- Yeniden Kullan’’ politikasına bırakması anlamına gelmektedir. Bu değişim, sürdürülebilir kalkınmada önemli bir yere sahip olan atık yönetimi konusu için de çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bölge insanının atık yönetimi uygulamalarına dair davranışlarını ve değerlendirmelerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırmada, bölgedeki hane halkının atık ayrıştırma, geri dönüşüm ve çevreci ürün amblemlerini önemseme davranışları, Edirne’de 2018 yılında faaliyetine başlayan EDİKAB (Edirne Katı Atık Birliği) tesisine dair değerlendirmeleri ortaya konmaktadır.
ACCESSING THE STATUS OF HOMEGARDEN AND ITS FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY IN ITAHARI SUB-METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Sandesh , Rawal Sara
Published: December 2020

Home garden, the name itself clarifies its meaning any garden that is belonging to home which can be anywhere at the front, behind, or in any fallow land. The reason why home garden and its diversity were studied is get access to the ethnobotanical study of the species and knowledge among people regarding the home garden could be more lighten up. A survey was conducted from October (2019) to January (2020). Among the surveyed fifty households, the type of home garden dominated was front type ranging from 45-700m2 whose management and diversity were changing as per the gender. Altogether of 108 species were collected in a home garden belonging to 45 families, 34 species were found to be common. The representative families Leguminosae and Asteraceae rank on top followed by Moraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, and so on. Despite the result concluding the most diversified crops, the home garden of Sunsari district itself carries a wider range of diversity from fruits, vegetables, spices to economically useful species like ornamental plants and fodders. With the studies and knowledge accounted, it can be concluded that pursuing a home garden not only revalues our health and environment but also preserves a hundred ages of traditions.
USING PRACTICAL TECHNIQUE IN IMPROVING STUDENTS TYPING SKILLS
Authors: Senior Isaac Ampofo Atta , Junior Isaac Ampofo Atta , Harunah Lamini , Darkowah Juliana Ampem- , Kyerefour Wahab
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at investigating the use of the practical technique in improving students typing skills. Students of Asuoyeboa M/A Junior High School in the Kwadaso sub-metro of Kumasi, Ghana were the population for the study. Twenty (20) Junior High School form one pupil were purposively sampled for the study. The nature of the study was action research. The pre-test and the post-test research design was used, the same participants were pre-tested and post-tested to find the effects of the intervention. Computers and other ICT tools were used for the study. Descriptive statistics were employed in analyzing the data. The pre-intervention and post-intervention findings revealed a remarkable improvement in pupils’ typing skills. The findings of this research indicated that a practical technique improves pupil’s understanding and knowledge in typing skills. Observation of pupils revealed that they were highly excited when taught using computers and other ICT tools. It is recommended that teachers consider the use of practical technique during the practical period more than the lecture method to sustain pupils’ interest as well as enhance their typing skills.
EFFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL FIELD TRIPS ON SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Salihu Jamilu Ja’afar , Abubakar I.D
Published: December 2020

The study examined the Effects of Educational Field Trips on Social Studies Students’ Academic Achievement in Junior Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The design of the study was the non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group type of quasi experiment. The population of the study consisted of junior secondary school students in Zaria Education Zone, Kaduna State, Nigeria numbering 26,322. Also, 120 students were purposively sampled from JSSII in the following schools: Government Junior Secondary School Tudun-Jukun, Zaria, Government Junior Secondary School, Awai, Government Junior Secondary School, Aba and Government Junior Secondary School Muchiya, Sabon-Gari. The data collection instrument was Social Studies Achievement Test (SOSAT). The content and construct validity was ascertained by experts in Social Studies, language and test and measurement. The reliability coefficient index power of the instrument stood at 0.81 determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC). The data analysis tools were mean and standard deviation used in answering the question posed while t-test independent samples was used in testing the null hypothesis postulated at 0.05 alpha. The study found that there exist significant difference between the mean academic achievement scores of students taught Social Studies using educational field trip (experimental) and those who were taught with lecture method (control). In the light of the foregoing, the study recommended that teachers in the Kaduna State should be encouraged to adopt educational field trip in teaching Social Studies in order to enhance students’ academic achievement.
TOWARDS A NORMATIVE LEGAL MECHANISM OF A UNITARY PRIMARY EDUCATION IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Monia Shadika Haque
Published: December 2020

The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh ensures the right to education under Article 17. From the liberation war of 1971 till 2020, the country has been developed its primary education system. Besides, there is no unitary idea or meaning of primary education in Bangladesh. To protect the nation from the diversity of primary education, the National Education Policy 2010 has set some common goals and primary education objectives. But the attempt of enacting education law is not completed even today. As a result, many activities in implementing education policy are being hampered. In the absence of a specific legal mechanism in the same arena, the ‘National Education policy’ has not been appropriately implemented. The research endeavors to discuss present education policy, the unitary concept of education, and the importance of adopting specific rules and regulations within the Education Act. The research also aims to analyze the unitary idea of primary education and the extent to which Bangladesh needs a specific legal mechanism to ensure unitary primary education. The scope of this research is restricted to the study of state practice of Bangladesh.
INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES LOCATED AROUND ABANDONED OKPARA COAL MINE, ENUGU SE. NIGERIA
Authors: Ogwah C. , Eyankware M. O.
Published: December 2020

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with Sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO42¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO32¯), nitrate ( NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model: End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that that silicate and carbonate weathering are that major factor that control groundwater quality, and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely; Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors such as weathering.
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FYM AND UREA IN CABBAGE GROWN ON CLAY LOAM SOIL, DANG, NEPAL
Authors: Dhamala Nabin , Khatri Keshar Bdr , Bhandari Sudip , Oli Buddiman , Neupane Ramesh , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Magar Pradip Pun , Adhikari Kripa , Puri Chiranjibi
Published: December 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the field of CAMPUS OF LIVE SCIENCES, Dang having clay loam soil to evaluate effect of integrated management of FYM and urea in cabbage. This experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having six treatments with three replications. Golden Ball variety of cabbage was selected for this research as a test crop. The application of FYM and urea shows significant result on the plant height, number of leaves, length of plant, head diameter and biomass yield. The maximum head diameter was observed in treatment 50%FYM +50% UREA (14.31cm).The highest total yield (9.63Mt/ha) and highest economic yield (6.16Mt/ha) was obtained from treatment 50%UREA +50 %FYM which was similar with recommend rate of fertilizer for cabbage. The highest soil pH (6.40), soil moister content (40.46%), the lowest bulk density (1.12g/cm3) was obtained from FYM application. The highest organic matter content (1.46) was also observed from FYM application. The most of the soil properties were enhanced by application of FYM and UREA. Furthermore, FYM played important role in maintaining soil physical property. In addition, this study indicates the possibility of FYM application to reduce nutrient risk by enhancing physio-chemical properties of clay loam soil. This result will helpful for the student and scientists in further research to increase the productivity and for the improvement of soil property.
RESPONSABILIDAD PENAL DEL EMPLEADOR ANTE EL CONTAGIO DE COVID-19 EN EL CENTRO DE TRABAJO – LAMBAYEQUE
Authors: Ubillús Zapata Alvaro Salvador
Published: December 2020

La investigación titulada “RESPONSABILIDAD PENAL DEL EMPLEADOR ANTE EL CONTAGIO DE COVID-19 EN EL CENTRO DE TRABAJO - LAMBAYEQUE”, es una investigación mixta con diseño no experimental, cuyo objetivo es determinar la existencia de la responsabilidad penal del empleador cuando el trabajador se contagia con COVID19 en su centro de trabajo – Lambayeque; generando un aporte teórico doctrinario sobre las circunstancias y condiciones requeridas, para que el COVID19 se convierta en una enfermedad ocupacional dentro de la Ley N° 29783, Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo y un aporte práctico de modificación de normas conexas.

Para la recolección de datos de la información doctrinaria se utilizó el método dogmático; en cuanto a la recopilación de datos de campo se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, como instrumento para conocer la opinión de la comunidad jurídica.

En cuanto a los resultados más importantes, se evidencia que el 96% de los informantes considera que no existe una cultura de prevención de riesgos laborales en el país, el 54% de los encuestados considera que los empleadores no han establecido medios idóneos para garantizar la vida y salud de los trabajadores, mientras que el 46% considera que el contagio de covid19 en el centro de trabajo genera responsabilidad penal del empleador.

Se ha determinado que existe responsabilidad penal del empleador ante el contagio de covid 19 en el centro de trabajo; ante la vulneración del deber de prevención, que comprende el establecimiento diligente de medidas de seguridad y salud efectivas, la condición de infracción deliberada que requiere el tipo penal, además de la puesta en peligro inminente.
Empirical Evidence of Forensic Auditing and Whistleblower on Fraud Control, Organizational Performance; A Case Study of Public and Private Sectors of Pakistan
Authors: Waqar Dilshad  , Muhammad Irfan  , Syed Muhammad Kamran Javed  , Zeenat Aftab
Published: December 2020

Aim of the Study: Fraud proceeds to be a genuine obstacle to the survival and fruitful operations in business organizations hence requiring that they create vigorous measures to as much as conceivable diminish the event. The over required the require for this think about which examined the relationship between forensic and the whistle blowing of fraud control and organization performance within the public and private sector in Pakistan. Forensic reviewing may be a quickly developing field of bookkeeping that includes an investigative fashion of bookkeeping utilized to disclose the exercises of people or the corporate sector. Pakistan public and private sectors are more vulnerable to fraud these days. This article evaluates the relationship between forensic audit or whistle blowing on fraud control and organization performance in the public or private sector and assessed the most effective relationship between whistle blowing and forensic auditing as it regards fraud unearthing. Research Methodology: The research will embrace the deductive approach under positivism paradigm. The study adopted a survey design of research in cross-section.Data Analysis:For data collection, 230 questionnaires distributed to financial public and private sectors and 211 questionnaires were got completed. Females were 24 of 211 (f=11.4%) and males were 187 of 211 (f= 88.6%) . data were analyzed using Correlation and regression techniques by SPSS 20. The findings forensic audit and whistle blowing has a positive relationship with fraud control and organization performance.Conclusion and Recommendation:The study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan due to time and cost constraints. The forensic audit should be included in the statutory audit. Forensic auditors should be included in during audit in the audit team. Professional accounting bodies in Pakistan should train their members to become forensic auditors. Forensic auditing should be made a field of specialization in our higher institution especially in the postgraduate school and business institutions.
Soil cover transformation of slope lands
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Savoskina O.A.
Published: December 2020

Erosion takes the main place in modern relief-forming processes. Agricultural activity has now reached the border beyond which the degradation of agricultural landscapes can become irreversible. Significant changes are associated with agro-industrial production, which is accompanied by a violation of the natural cycles of matter and energy, a change in the structure and basic properties of agricultural landscapes, a violation of the processes of reproduction of renewable resources.
Assessment of energy efficiency of application of soil protection technologies in agroecosystems
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Belolyubtsev A.I. , Dronova E.A. , Asaulyak I.F.
Published: December 2020

The article gives an assessment of the energy efficiency of winter wheat cultivation with the use of various erosion technologies for tillage on slopes of different steepness. Attention is paid to the principles of energy and resource conservation of applied soil protection systems on eroded soils.
Application of instrumental methods for analysisof vegetable seed quality
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Musaev F. B. , Antoshkina M.S. , Potrakhov N.N. , Goncharov A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the features of the application of instrumental methods for analyzing the quality of vegetable seeds. The technique of X-ray analysis of the quality of vegetable seeds, developed on the basis of studying 25 species belonging to 10 botanical families, is presented.
Assessment of changes in extreme precipitation affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotation
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Ilinich V.V. , Naumova A.A.
Published: December 2020

the presented research is dedicate to confirming the hypothesis about increase in extreme precipitation of recent decades, affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotations.
Medicinal properties of Inglish Oak (Quercus robur l.)
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Grevtsova V.V. , Peshenkina V.S. V.S. , Voronshihin V.A.
Published: December 2020

provides an overview of the medicinal properties of English oak (Quercus robur L.) and biologically active compounds synthesized by it.
Influence of planting material size on Jerusalem artichoke yield during autumn planting
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Popova L.D. , Yudina I.N.
Published: December 2020

The results of the influence of the mass of planting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke on the size and fractional composition of the crop of tubers in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils during autumn planting of tubers are presented. It was found that planting tubers weighing 80-100 g g provide a yield of 45 t/ha. With an increase in the mass of planting tubers, the cost of purchasing planting material increases sharply and profitability decreases. Planting small tubers leads to a decrease in yield.
Effect of seed ozonation on spring wheat productivity in the Kostroma region
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Sorokin A.N.
Published: December 2020

The results of studying the effect of spring wheat seed treatment with various doses of ozone-air agent on plant productivity and biological grain yield are presented.
Forming culture of chalottes (Allium Ascalonicum l.
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Marcheva M.M. , Seredin T.M. , Bocharova M.A.
Published: December 2020

The yield of leaves of collection samples of shallots in the conditions of the Moscow region was studied. Based on the results of research, shallot varieties were identified that are suitable for forcing on greens.
Modern methods for protecting vegetable crops from diseases
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Nemenushchaya L.A.
Published: December 2020

This article presents an analysis results methods the phytosanitary monitoring and projections evaluation dissemination of pathogens in agro-ecosystems. Will be consid opportunities for phytosanitary monitoring on basis IT-technologies, methods remote ground and aviation sensing phytosanitary situation agro-ecosystems with using modern technologies synthesis and communication of information.
Acute spontaneous spinal cord infarction: Utilisation of hyperbaric oxygen treatment, cerebrospinal fluid drainage and pentoxifylline
Authors:   Neurology Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia, Ashton Catherine , Banham Neil ,   Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia, Needham Merrilee ,   Neurology Department, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia,   Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia,   Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Australia,   University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
Published: December 2020

(Ashton C, Banham N, Needham M. Acute spontaneous spinal cord infarction: Utilisation of hyperbaric oxygen treatment, cerebrospinal fluid drainage and pentoxifylline. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):325–331. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.325-331. PMID: 33325011.) Introduction: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a potentially devastating disorder presenting with an acute anterior spinal artery syndrome, accounting for an estimated 1% of stroke presentations. Aetiologies include aortic surgical complications, systemic hypotension, fibrocartilaginous embolism and vascular malformations. Diagnosis is clinical combined with restriction on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There are no treatment guidelines for non-perioperative cases although there is limited literature regarding potential therapies, including hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. We describe 13 cases of acute SCI, five receiving HBOT, and three also receiving pentoxifylline and drainage of lumbar CSF. Methods: Data for all patients with MRI-proven SCI at Fiona Stanley Hospital from 2014–2019 were reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients, median age 57 years (31–74), 54% female, were identified. Aetiologies: two fibrocartilaginous emboli; seven likely atherosclerotic; two thromboembolic; two cryptogenic. All presented with flaccid paraplegia except one with Brown-Sequard syndrome. Levels ranged from C4 to T11. Five patients received HBOT within a median time of 40 hours from symptom onset, with an average 15 treatments (10−20). Three of these received triple therapy (HBOT, pentoxifylline, CSF drainage) and had median Medical Research Council manual muscle testing power of 5, median modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 1 and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score of D on discharge, compared with 2 power, mRS 3.5 and ASIA B in those who did not. Conclusions: SCI can be severely disabling. Triple therapy with pentoxifylline, CSF drainage and HBOT may reduce disability and further prospective trials are required.
Reduction of bacterial load with the addition of ultraviolet-C disinfection inside the hyperbaric chamber
Authors:   Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Browne Katrina , Wood Danielle ,   Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Clezy Kate ,   Infectious Diseases Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Australia, Lehm Jan ,   Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Walsh William R ,   Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Published: December 2020

(Browne K, Wood D, Clezy K, Lehm J, Walsh WR. Reduction of bacterial load with the addition of ultraviolet-C disinfection inside the hyperbaric chamber. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):332–337. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.332-337. PMID: 33325012.) Introduction: Healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and prolonged hospital stays. Microbiological contamination of the hospital environment directly contributes to HAIs. Optimising environmental cleaning reduces transmission of HAIs. The hyperbaric chamber poses a specific challenge for infection control as certain disinfectants and alcohol-based hand sanitisers are prohibited due to fire risk. Patients often possess multiple risk factors for HAIs. This study compared the bacteria remaining on a surface (bioburden) after a standard clean and after adjunctive disinfection with an ultraviolet-C (UV-C) robot. Methods: Internal hyperbaric chamber surfaces were first manually cleaned with Clinell® universal wipes and the floor was mopped with Whiteley neutral detergent. Allocated surfaces were swabbed using sterile cotton swabs and processed using a standard microbial culture and a bacteria-specific rapid metabolic assay. Bacterial contamination was also measured by direct contact plating on flat surfaces. The plexiglass ports were covered to protect from potential UV-C mediated damage and used as a negative control. A UV-C disinfection robot was then used to disinfect the chamber for 30 min, whereafter surfaces were swabbed again.
Children and diving, a guideline
Authors:   Medical and Educational Services, De Meent 51A, Odijk, The Netherlands, Buwalda Mattijn , Querido Abraham L ,   Praktijk Querido, Larenseweg 14, Hilversum, The Netherlands, van Hulst Robert A ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Hyperbaric Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Published: December 2020

(Buwalda M, Querido AL, van Hulst RA. Children and diving, a guideline. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2020 December 20;50(4):399–404. doi: 10.28920/dhm50.4.399-404. PMID: 33325022.) Scuba diving is an increasingly popular recreational activity in children and adolescents. During the dive medical examination aspects of human physiology, anatomy, and psychology, that differ between adults and children, deserve our special attention. For example, lack of mental maturity, diminished Eustachian tube function and heat loss can pose problems during diving. It is important that children who wish to take up scuba diving are seen by a dive physician, with extra attention to Eustachian tube function. In children, asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity, pulmonary hypertension, and right-to-left shunts are contra-indications for scuba diving. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a relative contra-indication. This article provides a review of the current literature and presents recommendations for recreational diving in children and adolescents. These recommendations are based solely on ‘expert’ opinion and were accepted by the Dutch Society of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine in 2020.
FACT-CHECKING. FROM TERM AND CONCEPT TO WORD USAGE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kronev Maxim S.
Published: December 2020

With modern realities in the development of new media and the information and communication technologies (ICT), the skills of checking information for the reliability of sources – fact-checking (or fact-check) is extremely important. The article briefly considers the term fact-checking and gives the definitions and also related concepts. The author’s understanding of approaches to and tools of the fact-checking in the context of the concept “Source Studies 2.0” is offered. English dictionary definitions are analyzed and translated into Russian, an overview of the Russian-language interpretations is given, as well as links to key publications on the topic.
MILITARY AND THEATRICAL TRIUMPHS IN RUSSIAN PROPAGANDA OF THE BEGINNING OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Odesskii Mikhail P.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the publicistic function of the state triumphs in Russian culture. In Peter the First’s epoch those public spectacles were actively used to formalize the new Imperial ideology. Their component element was panegyric dramas, which were prepared in religious schools. In those panegyric dramas Peter the First was compared to ancient heroes, and Russia was glorified as a new type of state (empire).
RUSSIAN ONOMATOPOEIC VERBAL INTERJECTIONS. WHY USE "NON-WORDS" INSTEAD OF ORDINARY ONES?
Authors:   Helsinki University, Finland, Kanerva Oksana A.
Published: December 2020

This paper considers such expressive words in Russian as onomatopoeic verbal interjections (bukh ‘bang’, stuk ‘knock’, bul’ ‘plop’). First of all, it focuses on the reasons for using those words. This study suggests that native speakers of Russian may deliberately prefer those linguistic units over words from other classes (nouns, verbs or adverbs). It happens when such factors as Zipf’s law and the principles of iconicity and economy in grammar come into play. Secondly, the article claims that while morphologically simple, syntactically mobile and with transparent onomatopoeia-based meaning, those words are not that primitive. Onomatopoeic verbal interjections are capable of conveying multiple shades of meaning due to such diachronic processes as lexical shifts and extensions they have undergone. That kind of qualities enable speakers to imply more than they want to explicitly utter under certain conditions. And finally, using corpus data the research distinguishes such pragmatic functions of those linguistic units (bukh ‘bang’, stuk ‘knock’, bul’ ‘plop’) as quasi-referential, emotive, phatic, poetic and metalinguistic function.
POWER AS A THEORETICAL-LITERARY CATEGORY (IN THE POETRY OF ALEKSEI PARSHCHIKOV)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Seifert Еlena I.
Published: December 2020

The author of the article proposes to introduce into active scientific circulation the theoretical and literary category of power, the effect of which he reveals following the poetry of Alexei Parshchikov (1954–2009). The research is based on the works on energy in a work of art by L. Vygotsky, A. Losev and other scientists. The author of the article considers power to be a special literarytheoretic category, correlating with energy as a particular and general. The power in a lyric work is a theoretical and literary category determining the relationship between the objects and phenomena and directing them to a metaphysical continuum, close to an incomprehensible absence. As a category, power permeates all levels of the work – subject-object, chronotopic, compositional, lexical, intonational-syntactic and others. As a vector quantity, it directs the lyrical plot, develops the motive field forward and upward, creating a painful metamorphosis for the subject / object, leading to silence as a blissful time-space. Form (tense or rarefied rhythm, change in the lyrical plot) and content (depiction of earthly existence), developing in opposite directions, neutralize each other. The presence of the verbal motive “power” is the dominant, and not a constant of the “work about power”, the word “power” can be replaced by contextual synonyms (“stream”, “abyss” etc.) or absent (“Hedgehog”, “Coal Elegy”).