bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Release of Ammonia and Greenhouse Gases along Moisture Gradient from Manure and Urea Applied Fargo Silty Clay Soil
Authors: Niraula Suresh , Rahman Shafiqur , Chatterjee Amitava
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) [nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4)] emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilization from organic and commercial fertilizers are likely related to soil moisture levels. Effect of soil moisture [(30%, 60%, and 90% water-holding capacity (WHC)] on emissions from urea and manure treated (215 kg ha-1) Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil was studied under laboratory conditions. Soils (250 g) amended with solid beef manure (SM), straw-bedded solid beef manure (BM), urea (UR), and control (CT) were incubated for 28 days at 22±1°C, to determine GHGs (N2O, CO2, and CH4) emission and NH3 volatilization loss. The cumulative emission of N2O-N, CO2-C, and CH4-C ranged from 27 to 4402 µg N2O-N kg-1, 272 to 2030 mg CO2-C kg-1, and 10.1 to 1389 µg CH4-C kg-1 soil, respectively. The daily fluxes and cumulative emissions of N2O and CO2 generally followed the decreasing order of 30% < 90% < 60% of WHC. At 60% WHC, 1.01% of the total applied N was lost as N2O from urea treated soil. Carbon dioxide emission from manure treated soil (SM and BM) was up to two times the emission from UR treated soils. The Fargo clay soils showed higher CH4 emission at 90% WHC level. The cumulative NH3 volatilization loss from soil ranged from 29.4 to 1250.5 µg NH3-N kg-1, with the highest loss from UR amended soils at 30% WHC. These results suggest that gaseous emissions from manure and urea application under laboratory study are influenced by moisture levels of Fargo-Ryan silty clay soil. Keywords: Beef manure, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Urea, Water holding capacity.
Agility Comparison of Stabilizer and Direct Head Systems Mounted on an Unmanned Agricultural Helicopter
Authors: Shim Sung Bo , Bae Yeonghwan , Koo Young Mo
Published: December 2018

Abstract.

Recently, there has been increasing interest in using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to reduce the labor required for pest control and to protect farmers from exposure to pesticides. Unmanned aerial application has become a new paradigm in pesticide application; however, a uniform speed must be maintained within a short accelerating distance when spraying small plots, and this depends on the skill of the operator, which is difficult to rely on. In this study, the agility of a direct head system mounted on an unmanned agricultural helicopter was compared with that of a conventional stabilizer head system by using a pitch sweep test in CIFER, a dynamic analysis software program. The controllable frequency range of the unmanned agricultural helicopter with the direct head was analyzed to range between 0.06 and 5 Hz, and the responsiveness of the helicopter with the conventional stabilizer head was observed in a relatively low frequency range of 0.06 to 1.6 Hz. In addition, in comparing the equivalent time delay between the representative transfer functions from the pitch direction input to the surge acceleration obtained using NAVFIT analysis, the time delay of the direct head was shorter than that of the stabilizer head, although the extent of the enhancement was not satisfactory because of the tail gyroscope used for intrinsic attitude stability. Keywords: Agility, Agricultural unmanned helicopter, CIFER, Flight dynamics, Swash head system.
Detection of Surface and Subsurface Defects of Apples Using Structured- Illumination Reflectance Imaging with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Lu Yuzhen , Lu Renfu
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Machine vision technology coupled with uniform illumination is now widely used for automatic sorting and grading of apples and other fruits, but it still does not have satisfactory performance for defect detection because of the large variety of defects, some of which are difficult to detect under uniform illumination. Structured-illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) offers a new modality for imaging by using sinusoidally modulated structured illumination to obtain two sets of independent images: direct component (DC), which corresponds to conventional uniform illumination, and amplitude component (AC), which is unique for structured illumination. The objective of this study was to develop machine learning classification algorithms using DC and AC images and their combinations for enhanced detection of surface and subsurface defects of apples. A multispectral SIRI system with two phase-shifted sinusoidal illumination patterns was used to acquire images of ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples with various types of surface and subsurface defects. DC and AC images were extracted through demodulation of the acquired images and were then enhanced using fast bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition and subsequent image reconstruction. Defect detection algorithms were developed using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and convolutional neural network (CNN), for DC, AC, and ratio (AC divided by DC) images and their combinations. Results showed that AC images were superior to DC images for detecting subsurface defects, DC images were overall better than AC images for detecting surface defects, and ratio images were comparable to, or better than, DC and AC images for defect detection. The ensemble of DC, AC, and ratio images resulted in significantly better detection accuracies over using them individually. Among the three classifiers, CNN performed the best, with 98% detection accuracies for both varieties of apples, followed by SVM and RF. This research demonstrated that SIRI, coupled with a machine learning algorithm, can be a new, versatile, and effective modality for fruit defect detection. Keywords: Apple, Defect, Bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition, Machine learning, Structured illumination.
Procedures for Moisture Analytical Tests Used in Cotton Ginning Research
Authors: Funk Paul A. , Terrazas Albert A. , Yeater Kathleen M. , Hardin Robert G. , Armijo Carlos B. , Whitelock Derek P. , Pelletier Mathew G. , Wanjura John D. , Holt Greg A. , Delhom Christopher D.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Cotton post-harvest processing research requires moisture content determination for seed cotton, cottonseed, and lint. Methods for determining moisture content have changed and are no longer consistent between laboratories. This research compared standard procedures documented in 1972 and those currently practiced for finding moisture content by oven drying, and quantified the variability. Seed cotton from four modern cultivars (ranging from 9.4% to 36.8% foreign matter), lint, and cottonseed were brought from dry conditions, blended, and then stored for more than 30 days in a controlled environment (21°C, 65% RH) to reach uniform moisture content. Additionally, 150 seed cotton samples were placed in plastic zipper bags and sent by air freight to a distant location and back or stored on-site. Drying baskets (652 cm3) were loaded, in random order, with 25, 35, 50, 71, and 100 g seed cotton or 10, 14, 20, 28, and 40 g lint. Cottonseed was placed in 45 cm3 aluminum cups (10 g) or 800 cm3 aluminum baskets (50 g). Wet weights were determined in the controlled environment. After drying, replicated sets of seed cotton, lint, and cottonseed samples were weighed inside a drying oven and then outside the oven while still hot. Some samples were dried for twice the recommended duration. Sample location in the ovens was tracked. Weighing hot seed cotton samples outside the oven after drying increased apparent moisture content by approximately 0.5% due to air buoyancy; weighing lint samples outside the oven increased apparent moisture content by 1%. Smaller differences in apparent seed cotton moisture content were found when halving or doubling the amount of material in drying baskets or doubling the drying duration. Foreign matter had a minor influence on apparent moisture content. Storage for three days and shipping by air freight in plastic zipper bags did not measurably change the apparent moisture content of seed cotton. Sample location within the drying oven made no difference. Current practices are satisfactory if dry weight location is taken into consideration. Measurement uncertainty has decreased compared to 50 years ago, but the recommended minimum number of samples per treatment was increased slightly for greater statistical power. Keywords: Cotton lint, Cottonseed, Moisture content, Oven drying, Seed cotton.
Energy and Economic Analysis for Greenhouse Envelope Design
Authors: Bambara James , Athienitis Andreas K.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The energy consumption of a building is significantly impacted by its envelope design, particularly for greenhouses where coverings typically provide high heat and daylight transmission. Energy and life cycle cost (LCC) analysis were used to identify the most cost-effective cladding design for a greenhouse located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (45.4° N) that employs supplemental lighting. The base case envelope design uses single glazing, whereas the two alternative designs consist of replacing the glass with twin-wall polycarbonate and adding foil-faced rigid insulation (permanent or movable) on the interior surface of the glass. All the alternative envelope designs increased electricity consumption for lighting and decreased heating energy use except when permanent or movable insulation was applied to the north wall and in the case of permanent insulation on the north wall plus polycarbonate on the east wall. This demonstrates how the use of reflective opaque insulation on the north wall can be beneficial for redirecting light onto the crops to achieve simultaneous reductions in electricity and heating energy costs. A maximum reduction in LCC of 5.5% (net savings of approximately $130,000) was achieved when permanent insulation was applied to the north and east walls plus polycarbonate on the west wall. This alternative envelope design increased electricity consumption for horticultural lighting by 4.3%, reduced heating energy use by 15.6%, and caused greenhouse gas emissions related to energy consumption to decrease by 14.7%. This analysis demonstrates how energy and economic analysis can be employed to determine the most suitable envelope design based on local climate and economic conditions. Keywords: Artificial lighting, Consistent daily light integral, Energy modeling, Envelope design, Greenhouse, Life cycle cost analysis, Light emitting diode, Local agriculture.
A new labour law for platform workers and umbrella companies
Authors: Pietro Ichino
Published: December 2018

This article highlights one aspect of technological evolution which impacts the labour market and, consequently, our labour law systems: the advent of so-called labour platforms, entailing disintermediation in the matching of supply and demand for labour. It examines the prospects for the future development of instruments aimed at ensuring that platform workers obtain a minimum level of adequate occupational, financial and welfare security.
Digital work in the transport sector: in search of the employer
Authors: Antonio Loffredo  , Marco Tufo
Published: December 2018

This article analyses two of the major digital platforms dealing with transport: Uber and FlixBus. It reconstructs the nature of these platforms as transportation companies and studies their structures. It finds that such companies can assume ‘trilateral’ or ‘quadrilateral’ structures, depending on the subjects involved, with different consequences for labour relations. Following on from this, the article investigates the applicability of labour law in such structures, searching for an employment relationship in ‘trilateral’ structures and identifying the real employer in ‘quadrilateral’ structures.
Labour law for TOS and HITs? reflections on the potential for applying ‘labour law analogies’ to crowdworkers, focusing on employee representation
Authors: Christina Hiessl
Published: December 2018

A growing number of people are performing work tasks via online platforms, referred to under various designations such as ‘Human Intelligence Tasks’ (HITs), under conditions set out not in an employment contract but through the standardised Terms of Service (TOS) of their contract partner. This article argues that, in spite of increasing evidence of precarious working conditions and circumvention of labour law and social protection standards in ‘turking’-style work environments, attempts to classify these forms of crowdwork as employment relationships are of limited practical use and benefit for those working in the industry. Instead, departing from much-debated concepts of a ‘purposive’ approach to labour law, it makes the case for a differential analysis of the aims of diverse elements of labour law and a consideration of whether, and to what degree, these can be instrumentalised for dealing with a contractual relationship that, notwithstanding socio-economic similarities, is fundamentally different from the employment relationship for which that law was developed, in several respects. It discusses the merits of rules on workplace employee representation and explores options for operationalising these for crowdworkers. For this purpose, it considers forms of collective organisation of crowdworkers via various networks as they already exist and are emerging in practice to question whether it is or should be reasonable for crowdworkers to be legally entitled to rights analogous to the workplace representation bodies such as works councils, which would entitle them to rights ranging from information and consultation to co-determination as well as veto rights on specific issues.
National Innovation Capability Variables and Dimensions
Authors: Gunadi Ahmad Dading , Arkeman Yandra , Nazli Rizal Syarief Siaiful , Rahardjo Teguh , Wachjudiningsih Aulijati
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dimensions and variables of National Innovation Capability. The findings in this paper are to refine the National Innovation Capabilities Dimension model developed by Chang and Lin (2012) by integrating a Network Dimension of Innovation. This paper analyzes the dimensions and variables of National Innovation Capability through a system approach that includes Input Sub System, Process Sub System, and Output Sub System. Network Dimensions Innovation is an integral part of the National Innovation Capabilities Dimension. This dimension is an important part, because the National Innovation Capability will largely depend on how innovative actors form networks and interact among them. The dimensions of National Innovation Capability are integrated into three sub system in a systems approach that includes input, process, and output. In the input consists of Dimensions of Innovation Resources. In the process consists of Innovation Demand Dimension, Innovation Network Dimension and Innovation Diffusion Dimension. In the output consists of Dimensions of Innovation Output. Each Dimension has some different variables. The entire dimensions and variables of these three sub system become unified as a Dimension and Variable of National Innovation Capability.

 
Keywords: National Innovation Capability, Dimensions, Variables, Sub Systems
Problem of Possible Rational Metaphysic According to Ibn Khaldun
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Hasan
Published: December 2018

The claim which
human is a being that comes to the soul and body and origin of the soul comes
from the extrasensory universe, throughout the history of thought human always
kept alive the subject of ontological and epistemological relation with this
world. Because of this is tending of human epistemological interest metaphysical universe which there is no sensory perception
about it, as well as sensual world which subject to sense. This brings
along with philosophical arguments such as the source, the limit of knowledge, the possibility of knowledge of the metaphysical universe,
if it is possible this can be achieved which
epistemological capabilities and what is the truth value
of this knowledge. al-Kındi, al-Farabi, Ibn Sînâ, and Ibn Rushd known as Peripatetic Philosophers in the
tradition of Islamic philosophy, appear to be as the most important
representatives of rational metaphysics. Because they have tried to base such
metaphysical matters on the reason, especially in the existence
and attributes of God, prophecy, creation and resurrection. Their
attempts of reasonal justification has been criticized, by
many thinkers particularly the al-Gazzali, on the grounds that
metaphysical issues are outside of reason comprehension area. This work focuses
on the views of Ibn Khaldun who one of the critical thinkers of the
Peripatetics Philosophers, rational metaphysics and to base by reason whether
or not possible the basic issues of metaphysical.
İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Türk Din Mûsikîsi Alanında Derse Giren Kadın Öğretim Elemanları Hakkındaki Tutumları (Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Örneği)
Authors: DİNÇ Sema
Published: December 2018

Çalışmamızda, İlahiyat
Fakülteleri’nde Türk Din Mûsikîsi alanında derse giren kadın öğretim
elemanlarının öğrencilerin nezdinde dersin seçilmesi cihetindeki rolü başta olmak
üzere, bu dersin kadın ve ya erkek öğretim elemanı tarafından veriliyor olması
ile ilgili görüşleri, kadın öğretim elemanının İlahiyat Fakültesi mezunu olup
olmamasının Dînî Mûsikî dersinin seçilmesindeki etkisi gibi birtakım konu
başlıkları ele alınacaktır. Bu alanda çalışan kadın öğretim elemanı sayısının
ülkemizdeki tüm İlahiyat ve İslâmî İlimler Fakülteleri’nde 10’u bulmaması ve bu
öğretim elemanlarından yalnızca 3’ünün derse girebilecek unvana sahip olması,
bu çalışmayı yapmamızda önemli bir etken olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, Türk Din
Mûsikî Anabilim Dalı’nda bir kadın ve bir erkek öğretim elemanının bulunduğu
Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’ndeki belli sayıda öğrenci üzerinde bir
anket çalışması yapılmış ve bunun sonuçları çalışmamızın konu başlıkları
bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
ENTRE EL OPTIMISMO Y EL DESENCANTO. LA REFORMA UNIVERSITARIA Y SU RECEPCIÓN EN LA PRENSA DE ENTRE RÍOS (1918–1921)
Authors: Motura Nicolás , Vartorelli Osvaldo
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo se propone dar cuenta de las significaciones políticas y culturales que la Reforma Universitaria tuvo en la región en relación con los acontecimientos nacionales e internacionales del período. Para ello se seleccionan dos publicaciones periódicas de la ciudad de Paraná —La Acción y El Diario— para analizar cómo representaron el desarrollo del movimiento. El momento analizado abarca los meses más candentes de la reforma, desde mediados de 1918 hasta los primeros meses de 1921. Una serie de preguntas guiarán el trabajo. La respuesta a cada una de ellas, buscará desandar las tensiones y contradicciones que el escenario inaugurado por la Reforma Universitaria suscitó entre sus contemporáneos.
UNIVERSIDADES POPULARES: LA BÚSQUEDA DE LA GENEALOGÍA PROPIA
Authors: Yaverovski Alejandro Martín
Published: December 2018

Tradicionalmente la historiografía ha considerado la expansión de las universidades populares (UU. PP.) por toda Latinoamérica como producto del ideal reformista y su difusión por el continente. Algunas de esas aproximaciones al tema se han centrado en la experiencia del Perú, específicamente en las UU. PP. González Prada. Estas fueron consideradas como el caso paradigmático del vínculo entre la Reforma Universitaria y la expansión de este tipo de propuesta pedagógica ligada a la de extensión universitaria de raíz reformista. En el presente trabajo intentaremos rastrear las experiencias de UU. PP., en América y en Europa, previas al estallido de la Reforma Universitaria en Córdoba (1918) y problematizar aquella relación que, consideramos, fue poco profundizada.
جوانكاریی لە شیعرەكانی عەونی شاعیردا
Authors: Shayia Rokan G.
Published: December 2018

عەونی شاعیر یەکێکە لە شاعیرە ناودارەکانی نێو ئەدەبی کوردیدا، شاعیر شارەزاییەکی لە ڕادە بەدەری هەبووە لە بەکارهێنانی زانستی ڕەوانبێژی و بەتایبەتی جوانکاری، شاعیر توانیویەتی زۆر بە جوانی و لێهاتوویی هونەرەکانی جوانکاریی لە نێو شیعرەکانی بەکاربهێنێت. لەنێو هەمویاندا جوانکاریی وشەیی بە هەموو جۆرەکانییەوە، هەروەک لە باسەکەماندا بە نمونەی شیعری ڕوونمان کردۆتەوە، شاعیر زۆر بەوردیی و لە هونەرەکانی کۆڵیوەتەوە و بە نمونەی شیعرەکانی دەریخستوە کە هیچی لە شاعیرانی تر کەمتر نییە و بگرە شانبەشانی شاعیرانی تر ئەسپی خۆی لەم بوارە تاوداوە. باسەکەمان بۆ دوو بەشی سەرەکی دابەشکردووە و هەر بەشێکیش لە چەند تەوەرەیەک پێکهاتووە، لە بەشی دووەم باسی هەردوو جۆرەکانی جوانکاریمان کردووە و بە نمونەی شیعری هونەرەکەمان خستۆتە ڕوو، لە کۆتایش ئەنجام و لیستی سەرچاوەکان خراوەتە ڕوو.
Turizm Sektöründeki Nitelikli Çalışan Eksikliğinde Turizm İşletmelerinin Payı: İş İlanları Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: ERTAŞ Çağdaş
Published: December 2018

Turizmin gelişimi için en önemli faktörlerden biri nitelikli çalışanlardır.
Ancak özellikle Türkiye’deki turizm işletmelerinin nitelikli çalışan istihdam
ettirmesi ile ilgili ciddi sıkıntılar söz konusudur. Turizm işletmelerinin bu
sorunda payı var mıdır? Bu soru, bu araştırmanın çıkış noktasını
oluşturmaktadır. Bu konuda turizm sektörüne dönük iş ilanlarını incelemek
önemlidir. Çünkü iş ilanları, işletmelerin adaylarda aradıkları niteliklerde
neyi önemsediği konusunda ilk adımdır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki
turizm sektörüne dönük iş ilanlarının verildiği turizmgazetesi.com uzantılı
internet sitesindeki ilanlar incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı,
Türkiye’deki turizm işletmelerinin vermiş oldukları iş ilanlarını inceleyerek,
sektördeki nitelikli personel eksikliğinde turizm işletmelerinin rolü hakkında
çıkarımlarda bulunmaktır. Araştırma verisi, ilgili internet sitesinde 17 Mart
2018 ile 21 Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında verilen iş ilanlarından
oluşmaktadır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda, toplam 1927 ilan değerlendirmeye
alınmıştır. Veri analizinde, frekans analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz
sonucunda, turizm işletmelerinin önemli bir kısmının çalışanların niteliğini
pek önemsemediği çıkarımında bulunulmuştur. Bu araştırmanın konuyla ilgili öncü
çalışmalardan biri olmasından dolayı, araştırma bulgularının turizm yazınına
katkı sunması beklenmektedir.
Serik Ağzında Ünsüzler
Authors: BÖLÜK Ramazan
Published: December 2018

Bir dilin yaşayan en küçük varyantları
olan ağızlar dilin anlaşılmayan bazı noktalarını aydınlatmada önemli bir
unsurdur. 1940 yılından sonra yerli araştırmacılar tarafından incelenmeye
başlayan Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları, bünyesinde taşıdığı önemli kültür öğeleri
hasebiyle Türkçenin gelişiminin seyri acısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Ağızların
derlenmesi ve kayıt altına alınması ile dil incelemeleri daha rahat
yapılabilmektedir.

Çalışmamız kapsamında Antalya ilinin
doğusunda yer alan Serik ilçesinin merkezi ve tüm mahallelerinden toplamda
60’tan fazla kaynak kişiden kayıt alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada deşifre edilen
metinlerdeki ünsüzler ve bu ünsüzlerin özellikleri metinlerden alınan
örneklerin de yardımıyla tek tek açıklanacaktır. Devamında bu ünsüzlerin diğer
seslerle girdiği etkileşim sonucu meydana gelen birtakım ses olayları
açıklanarak örnekleriyle verilecektir. Maddeler halinde verilen sonuç bölümünde
ise çalışmanın sonuçları araştırmacıların istifadesine sunulacaktır.

Çalışmanın temel amacı yöre ağzındaki
ünsüzleri tespit etmek ve bu ünsüzlerde meydana gelen birtakım ses olaylarını
açıklamaktır. Bunun neticesinde Serik ağzının Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları
içindeki yerinin belirlenmesine katkı sunmaktır.
Teke Adı ve Yöresi Üzerine
Authors: AK Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Teke Yöresi, merkezinde Antalya’nın
bulunduğu doğuda Köprüçayı, batıda Eşen Çayı, kuzeyde Toros dağlarının üzeri,
güneyde Akdeniz ile çevrili coğrafi alan içerisini kapsar. Fiziki coğrafya
şartlarına göre çerçevesi çizilen yöre, Osmanlı Devleti hakimiyetine 1423 yılında
kesin olarak girer ve Teke Sancağı adı ile teşkilatlandırılıp Anadolu Beylerbeyliğine
bağlanır. Yöre adı, Tekeoğulları beyi Emir Mübârizü’d-din Mehmed Bey’e
dayandırılsa da, Antalya’nın fethinden sonra doğudan batıya yapılan göçler ve iskân
siyaseti çerçevesinde yöreye Türkmenlerin yerleştirilmesi düşünüldüğü zaman bu
adın Teke Türkmenlerinden gelmiş olması daha güçlü bir ihtimaldir. Tarihi ve
fiziki coğrafyayı göz ardı ederek yöre adı üzerinde farklı söylemlerde bulunup,
bambaşka bir coğrafyayı Teke Yöresi olarak nitelendirmek iskân politikası
gereği fethedilen yerlere Türkçe ad verme ve Türkleştirme siyasetine gölge
düşürdüğü gibi tarihi ve kültürel değerlerin halk belleğinden kaybolmasına
zemin hazırlar. Teke Yöresi kültürünün merkezden çevreye doğru yayılması doğal
bir süreç olup bu farklı şekillerde değerlendirilemez ve dayanak noktası
olamaz.
The SPACE program, a parent-based treatment for childhood and adolescent OCD: The case of Jasmine
Authors: Lebowitz Eli R. , Shimshoni Yaara
Published: December 2018

Current evidence-based treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents include cognitive-behavioral therapy, specifically exposure and response prevention, and psychopharmacological treatments. Despite the established efficacy of these treatments, many youth do not benefit from them, and barriers, including lack of motivation and resistance to treatment, prevent many youth from even attempting them. Parent-based treatments offer an alternative approach to child-based therapy. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is a parent-based treatment that focuses on systematically reducing family accommodation, or the changes that parents make to their own behavior to help a child avoid or alleviate distress related to the disorder, while increasing supportive responses to the child's symptoms. This article presents the theoretical background for SPACE and illustrates its implementation through a case description. Conclusions and knowledge to be gained from the case are discussed.
Integrating family therapy into exposure-based CBT for a Spanish patient with obsessive scrupulosity
Authors: Rosa-Alcázar Ana Isabel , Iniesta-Sepúlveda Marina
Published: December 2018

Obsessive-compulsive symptom profiles vary widely among individuals and may be affected by cultural backgrounds. In the case of scrupulosity, moral and religious principles are the target of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cognitive biases and beliefs have special relevance in the origin and maintenance of obsessive scrupulosity. In addition, rigid and exaggerated beliefs about morality are held by these patients. Moral and religious principles are mainly transmitted by family. These influences may be more prominent in cultures, such as the Spanish culture, where family and religion are important values for individuals. The authors describe the treatment of a Spanish patient with obsessive scrupulosity. Family therapy strategies were integrated into exposure-based CBT in order to facilitate the modification of beliefs, behaviors, and pathological family relationships. The patient exhibited clinically significant improvements in OCD symptoms. Findings from this case show the need for individualized interventions that take into consideration cultural, social, and family factors.
Treatment of OCD in a young person: Using the C in CBT
Authors: Jassi Amita D. , Krebs Georgina , Lewis Angela , Stobie Blake
Published: December 2018

Evidence for using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young people emphasizes the use of exposure with response prevention (ERP) as the key ingredient. CBT with a cognitive focus is used more often in adults, and comparatively there is less evidence for its use with young people. Although a significant proportion of young people with OCD respond well to CBT using ERP, a subset does not. Therefore, there is a need to consider alternative approaches. This case study describes the treatment of a 15-year-old girl with severe OCD using a cognitive approach. This case identifies the criteria used to make the decision to use a cognitive over an ERP approach and highlights the differences between the treatments. This case study demonstrates the merit of considering the cognitive approach to treatment of OCD for some young people.
When patients with OCD decide to seek, and not to avoid harm: The problem of suicidality in OCD
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela M. , Zanini Natalie V. , de Menezes Gabriela B. , Albertella Lucy , Destree Louise , Fontenelle Leonardo F.
Published: December 2018

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, distressing, and disabling condition associated with a high risk of suicidal behavior and death by suicide. In this study, the authors describe two cases of OCD patients who developed recurrent suicidal behaviors in response to stressful life events that appeared to “confirm” their obsessive beliefs (termed “confirmatory events”). In both cases, the authors used accepted strategies for treating suicidality in other contexts (such as antidepressants, lithium, and electroconvulsive therapy), which proved unsuccessful. Future studies should investigate personalized strategies to treat suicidality and prevent suicide in OCD patients.
Selective Strengthening of Intracortical Excitatory Input Leads to Receptive Field Refinement during Auditory Cortical Development
Authors: Sun Yujiao J. , Liu Bao-hua , Tao Huizhong W. , Zhang Li I.
Published: December 2018

In the primary auditory cortex (A1) of rats, refinement of excitatory input to layer (L)4 neurons contributes to the sharpening of their frequency selectivity during postnatal development. L4 neurons receive both feedforward thalamocortical and recurrent intracortical inputs, but how potential developmental changes of each component can account for the sharpening of excitatory input tuning remains unclear. By combiningin vivowhole-cell recording and pharmacological silencing of cortical spiking in young rats of both sexes, we examined developmental changes at three hierarchical stages: output of auditory thalamic neurons, thalamocortical input and recurrent excitatory input to an A1 L4 neuron. In the thalamus, the tonotopic map matured with an expanded range of frequency representations, while the frequency tuning of output responses was unchanged. On the other hand, the tuning shape of both thalamocortical and intracortical excitatory inputs to a L4 neuron became sharpened. In particular, the intracortical input became better tuned than thalamocortical excitation. Moreover, the weight of intracortical excitation around the optimal frequency was selectively strengthened, resulting in a dominant role of intracortical excitation in defining the total excitatory input tuning. Our modeling work further demonstrates that the frequency-selective strengthening of local recurrent excitatory connections plays a major role in the refinement of excitatory input tuning of L4 neurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring postnatal development, sensory cortex undergoes functional refinement, through which the size of sensory receptive field is reduced. In the rat primary auditory cortex, such refinement in layer (L)4 is mainly attributed to improved selectivity of excitatory input a L4 neuron receives. In this study, we further examined three stages along the hierarchical neural pathway where excitatory input refinement might occur. We found that developmental refinement takes place at both thalamocortical and intracortical circuit levels, but not at the thalamic output level. Together with modeling results, we revealed that the optimal-frequency-selective strengthening of intracortical excitation plays a dominant role in the refinement of excitatory input tuning.
Green Customer Behavior on Eco-Friendly Products: Innovation Approach
Authors: Alamsyah Doni Purnama , Syarifuddin Didin , Mohammed Hayder Alhadey Ahmed
Published: December 2018

This aim of the study investigates the correlation of perceived innovation, service innovation and green perceived value on eco-friendly products, to improve customer decision of product with moderation of sex and educational background. The study of eco-friendly product has been common in the world. Indonesia is a country which is not very good at circulation of eco-friendly product. The study is conducted with focuses on eco-friendly products; through experiment survey to customer who has bought eco-friendly products in Bandung city. The research found that perceived innovation, service innovation and green perceived value have correlation. However green perceived value as based of purchase decision of customer can only be improved by perceived innovation of eco-friendly products. Furthermore, sex and customer’s educational background can truly support the correlation of perceived innovation with green perceived value of customer. This research finding explained how important perceived innovation supported by the characteristics (sex, educational background) of customers.
Corruption and Government Intervention on Bank Risk-Taking: Cases of Asian Countries
Authors: Nurhidayat Rizky Maulana , Rokhim Rofikoh
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to addresses the impact of corruption, anti-corruption commission, and government intervention on bank’s risk-taking using banks in Asian Countries such as  Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and South of Korea during the period 1995-2016. This paper uses corruption variable, bank-specific variables, macroeconomic variables, dummy variables and interaction variable to estimate bank’s risk-taking variable. Using data from 76 banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and South Korea over 21 years, this research finds consistent evidence that higher level of corruption and government intervention in crisis-situation will increase the risk-taking behaviour of banks. In the other hand, bank risk-taking behaviour minimized by the existence of anti-corruption commission. In addition, this paper also finds that government intervention amplifies corruption’s effect on bank’s risk-taking behaviour because of strong signs of moral hazard and weaknesses in the governance and supervision.
Financial Literacy, Ponzi and Pyramid Scheme in Indonesia
Authors: Hidajat Taofik
Published: December 2018

The aim of this research is to examine empirically the influence of financial literacy on investment decisions through ponzi and pyramid schemes. Variables embedded were Social Economic Characteristics, Financial Literacy and Investments Decision. The population of this study were the people who invest their money through a Ponzi scheme and pyramid scheme. The sampling method applied was a snowball sampling of 43 respondents. Based from the research result, it was concluded that social economic characteristics, positively influences financial literacy. While, financial literacy influenced investment decision through ponzi and pyramid schemes. It is freaky because the people with good financial literacy (job occupation, education, gender and income) are still trapped under these junk investment trick modes. It was assumed that there were the other factors as the example, psychological factor like individual greed that influenced the financially literate people to invest through both junk investment schemes. It was also suggested a modification in financial literacy measuring because the existing financial literacy measuring tools had not been able to accommodate the understanding of ponzi and pyramid scheme investment.
Drilosphere: A valuable source for soil microbial activities
Authors: Prakash Sharma Ishwar , Chandra Dinesh , Kanta Chandra
Published: December 2018

The basic function of soil microorganisms is the decomposition and transformation of organic materials, which are derived from the plant residues. Thus, soil microbial communities play a critical role in ecosystem processes. Soil microbial activities, populations and communities are governed by environmental variables and agricultural system. The conventional agriculture has an important role in improving food productivity. The earthworms have been modifying soil characteristics for millennia wherever they are found world-wide, it has only been recently that soil scientists described vermic horizons and even vermisols, where earthworm influence on soils reaches dramatic proportions. The earthworm body, both internally and externally, is the site of metabolic processes, at this level, microbial activity is enhanced. The increase of soil porosity in organic system indicated the decrease in soil bulk density which promotes the soil microbial activity.
A 6-Year-Old Child With Citrin Deficiency and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Limin , Wang Lifeng , Zhu Shishu , Zhang Min , Dong Yi , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: December 2018

We report the case of a 6-year-old boy with citrin deficiency and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by using imaging. He exhibited intrahepatic cholestasis 2 days after his birth and was misdiagnosed with inspissated bile syndrome at that time. The symptoms of jaundice spontaneously resolved when he was 5 months old. However, his transaminase levels remained elevated for ∼6 years, for which he received no treatment. He preferred a high-protein, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, which has been observed in many patients with citrin deficiency, but no clinical features of adult-onset type II citrullinemia were observed. At the age of 6 years, he was admitted to our hospital with a nonviral infection and high α-fetoprotein level; results from an abdominal MRI and computed tomography revealed multiple tumors in the liver. Because of his history of intrahepatic cholestasis in the neonatal period, he was suspected to have citrin deficiency. A genetic analysis of solute carrier family 25, member 13 revealed the presence of a homozygous 851del4 mutation, and a diagnosis of citrin deficiency was made. The patient did not qualify for liver transplantation and died 2 months later, after discharge from our hospital. Thus, this case reveals that not all patients with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis spontaneously and totally improve, and this case is used to emphasize that patients with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis should be managed carefully, especially in the stage of failure to thrive and dyslipidemia caused by citrin deficiency, which may lead to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Derivational means of expressing locativity in the Erzya and Finnish languages
Authors: Migunova Anna S.
Published: December 2018

The semantic category “locality” is a common phenomenon in various languages and has various means of expression. The article deals with derivational means of expressing the category of locality on the material of the long-range Erzya and Finnish languages. The article draws particular interest to the suffix way of word formation as one of the most common and productive in Erzya and Finnish languages.
The research material is the lexical units of the Erzya and Finnish languages containing word-formation suffixes with the meaning of locality. It employs the descriptive method and the method of comparative analysis. The analysis of language material was carried out by continuous sampling of texts of artistic works.
As a result of a comparative analysis, it reveals word-formation suffixes that convey the semantics of locality, including the so-called affixoids and semi-affixes, distinguished in Erzya.
The study allows to identify both more and less productive suffixes in each of the considered languages.
Features of the evolution of the vowels of the first syllable of Finno-Ugric stem in the Mordovian languages
Authors: Mosin Mihail V. , Mosina Natalya M.
Published: December 2018

The phonetic system is one of the most important aspects of the language. The study of the structure and features of this system allows tracing both the current state and the history of the development of a language.
The development of the phonetic structure of Finno-Ugric word stem in Mordovian languages is considered with the help of a comparative and historical method. The system of vowels of the first syllable in the words of modern Mordovian languages is compared with the reconstructed forms of the stem, which go back to the Finno-Ugric pro-linguistic unity (Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permian and Finno-Volga) and their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages. The article presents an analysis of the evolution of vowels of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word in Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. On the basis of the achievements of modern Finno-Ugric studies, phonetic processes are observed in the field of vowels of the first syllable that transformed the primary basis of the word. The description of the features of the vocalism of the first syllable in Mordovian languages is carried out in terms of comparison with the reconstructed forms of the Finno-Ugric original language and comparison with etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages.
A comparative analysis of the vowel system of the first syllable of the Finno-Ugric word stem in modern Mordovian languages with their etymological correspondences in the Finnish and Estonian languages allowed us to detect phonetic processes that changed the structure of some languages. In some cases, these are minor changes, while in other cases, they are rather significant.
Diverse approaches to the multidimensional assessment of innovation in the European Union
Authors: Roszko-Wójtowicz Elżbieta , Białek Jacek
Published: December 2018

The paper concentrates on the evaluation of the Global Innovation Index, the Summary Innovation Index and the Innovation Output Indicator. For the purpose of this article, the PROFIT (PROperty- FITting) method, an extension of the multidimensional scaling (MDS), was applied. The ultimate goal of MDS techniques is to produce a geometric map that illustrates the underlying structure of complex phenomena such as the innovation performance of the EU countries. Cluster analysis, conducted with the use of Ward’s method provided an objective view of the division of the EU countries based on their selected characteristics. The final result is a two-dimensional map illustrating the structure of innovation performance. The main conclusion drawn from the analysis is the explanation of distance between single indices in a spatial map and their role in distinguishing specific groups of the EU countries from the perspective of innovation performance.
Unifying stylistic syntheses in the late compositions (1939–1945) of Béla Bartók
Authors: Josephson Nors S.
Published: December 2018

Bartók’s later works from the years 1939–1945 present an impressive synthesis of his musical innovations. Beginning with the Divertimento and Sixth String Quartet (both composed in 1939), the Hungarian composer starts with a freely tonal, neo-Classical foundation. Above this initial compositional level he then superimposes Beethovenian formal structures gleaned from the latter’s opp. 53 and 135, in addition to a prominent Stravinsky quotation from The Rite of Spring, part two. In both works Bartók achieves an impressive large-scale cyclical unity, frequently through wholetone scalar integration.

The Concerto for Orchestra (1943) blends pervasive quotation techniques with analogous cyclical intervallic patterns, such as major third cells on F–A–D4. One is again distinctly reminded of the F Major Divertimento. Like the latter work, the Concerto is especially notable for its expansive codas, which function in the manner of Beethovenian second developments. Similarly, the Sonata for Solo Violin (1944) fuses neo-Bachian counterpoint with the expansive forms of the Concerto for Orchestra. Finally, the interrelated last two Concertos for piano and viola (both penned in 1945) present a cumulative synthesis of Bartókʼs later style, emphasizing the tertial (and modal) degrees of VI and flattened VI. Here, too, we encounter elaborate quotational systems that distantly recall the 1910s and 1920s music of French composers as Debussy, Ravel and Satie.
First record of Platyrrhinus albericoi Velazco, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the eastern slope of the Central Andes of Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Fráncel Leidy A. , García-Herrera Leidy V. , Reinoso Florez Gladys
Published: December 2018

We report the first record of the bat Platyrrhinus albericoi Velazco, 2005 on the eastern slope of the Colombian Central Andes. Currently there are records of this species on the western slope of the Central Andes, eastern slope of the western Andes, and both slope of the eastern Andes in Colombia. We performed a morphological review of the specimens from several Colombian collections and analyzed their character variation, life zone, and distribution in Colombia. The geographic range of P. albericoi is increased and a new life zone, Premontane Wet Forest (bmh-PM in Spanish), is added to its distribution.
Clinical Syndromes and Genetic Screening Strategies of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Liu Peihua , Li Minghao , Guan Xiao , Yu Anze , Xiao Qiao , Wang Cikui , Hu Yixi , Zhu Feizhou , Yin Hongling , Yi Xiaoping , Liu Longfei
Published: December 2018

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and paragangliomas (PGLs) are extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. These can be mainly found in clinical syndromes including multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) syndrome, neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) and familial paraganglioma (FPGL). PCCs and PGLs are thought to have the highest degree of heritability among human tumors, and it has been estimated that 60% of the patients have genetic abnormalities. This review provides an overview of the clinical syndrome and the genetic screening strategies of PCCs and PGLs. Comprehensive screening principles and strategies, along with specific screening based on clinical symptoms, biochemical tests and immunohistochemistry, are discussed.
Real-World Outcomes of Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitors in the Year Following U.S. Regulatory Approval
Authors: Khozin Sean , Carson Kenneth R. , Zhi Jizu , Tucker Melisa , Lee Shannon E. , Light David E. , Curtis Melissa D. , Bralic Marta , Kaganman Irene , Gossai Anala , Hofmeister Philip , Torres Aracelis Z. , Miksad Rebecca A. , Blumenthal Gideon Michael , Pazdur Richard , Abernethy Amy P.
Published: December 2018

Background

Evidence from cancer clinical trials has strong internal validity but can be difficult to generalize to real-world patient populations. Here we analyzed real-world outcomes of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) treated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in the first year following U.S. regulatory approval.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study leveraged electronic health record (EHR) data collected during routine patient care in community cancer care clinics. The cohort included patients with mNSCLC who had received nivolumab or pembrolizumab for metastatic disease (n = 1,344) with >1 EHR-documented visit from January 1, 2011, to March 31, 2016. Patients with a > 90-day gap between advanced disease diagnosis and first EHR structured data entry were excluded.

Results

Estimated median overall survival (OS) was 8.0 months (95% confidence interval 7.4–9.0 months). Estimated median OS was 4.7 months (3.4–6.6) for patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement- and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive tumors, and 8.6 months (7.7–10.6) for patients without such mutations. Age at PD-1 inhibitor initiation or line of therapy did not impact OS.

Conclusion

This analysis suggests OS in real-world patients may be shorter than in conventional clinical trial patient cohorts, potentially due to narrow trial eligibility criteria. The lack of difference in OS by line of therapy or age at immunotherapy initiation suggests sustained benefit of PD-1 inhibitors in multitreated patients with mNSCLC and that age is not a predictor of outcome. Further studies are underway in patients with comorbidities, organ dysfunction, and multiple prior therapies.