bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Many Uses of Censorship: Cultural Regulation on Tamasha in Maharashtra
Authors: Sastry Sharvari
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This paper is a historical and conceptual inquiry into the nature of performance censorship and resistance, particularly in the context of subaltern “folk” forms, and its relationship to the archive. All censorial gestures also serve as archival ones, insofar as legislating censorship necessitates the generation of a collated record of objectionable material. However, this paper argues that in certain cases—like that of tamasha , a popular performance form in Maharashtra—this kind of archival windfall is not simply an accidental consequence, but is fundamental to the way censorship is imagined and posited: as an actively preservatory, rather than prohibitive, force. Assembling accounts from government reports, censor files, magazine articles, memoirs, and oral histories, I trace how this archival discourse around censorship was articulated and enforced, and examine its impact, on modern tamasha historiography, in particular, and on institutionalized cultural regulation in the region at large. I argue that the re-framing of censorship as “preservative” imposed severe limitations on the possibilities for resistance, and consequently paved the way for the enduring appropriation of tamasha along caste and class lines.
Creating Zones of Linguistic Sovereignty: The Title VI Indian Education Policy as a Pathway for Diné Language Reclamation
Authors: Piper Daniel A.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Title VI Indian Education programs provide academic support and culture-based education to American Indian and Alaska Native students attending K-12 public schools. This includes teaching Native American languages. However, little is known about how Native language instruction is implemented in Title VI programs. This article explores the Title VI Indian Education policy from an ethnographic perspective through participation in a Diné (Navajo) language class in a Title VI program in an urban school district. Two questions are addressed: What does the policy state about the role of Native American language teaching in Title VI programs? And, how was the Title VI Indian Education policy negotiated to teach Diné language and culture? Findings are framed using the zones of linguistic sovereignty ; a theoretical framework that positions the emergence of Native American language learning in English-dominant schools as linguistic sovereignty in practice.
The Consolidation and Transmutation of the Zhenguan-era (627–649) Court Ideology of Wen 文 (Cultural Forms)
Authors: Bender Lucas Rambo
Published: November 2023

Abstract: This essay argues that many of the compilational projects and scholarly works produced by the court of Tang Emperor Taizong 太宗 (r. 626–649) advance a coherent and novel set of claims about his person and his salvific participation in the realm of cultural forms ( wen 文). These projects intervene in several previously disconnected sixth-century debates and suggest that their proper solutions are all related to one common narrative of the development, more-recent decline, and nascent reinvigoration of Chinese civilization. Although records of the contemporary reception of this narrative outside of the court do not survive, in the decades after Taizong's death it would be echoed, repurposed, and partially inverted by literati arguing the importance and authority of their own interventions in wen . These echoes of Taizong's court projects in literati work show that they had to some degree succeeded in unifying what had recently been a more-fragmented intellectual world.
Single or pluralistic? The game and balance of China’s community governance policy tools
Authors: Xiang Hongxun , Bu Yangfan , Wang Xunhua
Published: November 2023

Background

Policy tools embody policy concepts and are essential to achieving policy objectives. The effective allocation of policy tools directly impacts the effectiveness of community governance and determines the modernization process of grassroots governance. We aim to analyze the logic of community governance policy tool selection, and then provide assistance for the modernization of grassroots governance.

Methods

We selected 100 national and provincial government work reports and 63 policy documents related to community governance during China’s “12th Five-Year Plan” to “14th Five-Year Plan” period as analysis samples. And build an analysis framework based on the three dimensions of time, space, and tools. We used Nvivo.20 software for text encoding analysis.

Results

Based on the model framework, we analyze the results as follows. From the perspective of the time dimension, among the five types of policy tools, the proportion of command-type policy tools used showed a downward trend, from 88.16% in the 12th Five-Year Plan to 83.50% in the 14th Five-Year Plan. However, motivation-type and persuasion-type tools showed an upward trend, rising from 1.34% and 5.26% in the 12th Five-Year Plan period to 3.40% and 8.74% in the 14th Five-Year Plan respectively. The system-change-type policy tools decreased from 1.32% in the 12th Five-Year Plan to 0.97% in the 14th Five-Year Plan. The proportion of capacity-building-type policy tools has gradually increased from 2.63% in the 12th Five-Year Plan to 4.85% in the 14th Five-Year Plan. From the perspective of spatial dimension, apart from command and persuasion policy tools, the usage frequency of the other three types of policy tools in the three major regions all display a “growth-decline-growth” trend. From the perspective of tool dimension, command-type policy tools are dominant in China’s community governance, with a cumulative frequency of 1405 times and a high proportion of 81.75%. Apart from command policy tools, persuasive policy tools and capacity-building policy tools have a relatively high proportion, with usage frequencies of 186 and 78 respectively.

Conclusions

We found that current community governance policy tools mainly consist of command tools. However, there is a trend towards combining tools such as command, persuasion, incentive, capacity building, and system change in the future. There is a typical contradiction between instrumental rationality and value rationality, indicating an evolution from instrumental rationality to the integration of instrumental and value rationality. This study addresses the conflict of policy tools through rational guidance of values, the rational guarantee of tools, and cooperation to achieve the goal of high-quality development of community governance.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of artificial intelligence-based diabetic retinopathy screening in rural China based on the Markov model
Authors: Li Huilin , Li Guanyan , Li Na , Liu Changyan , Yuan Ziyou , Gao Qingyue , Hao Shaofeng , Fan Shengfu , Yang Jianzhou
Published: November 2023

This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of different diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening strategies in rural regions in China by using a Markov model to make health economic evaluations. In this study, we determined the structure of a Markov model according to the research objectives, which required parameters collected through field investigation and literature retrieval. After perfecting the model with parameters and assumptions, we developed a Markov decision analytic model according to the natural history of DR in TreeAge Pro 2011. For this model, we performed Markov cohort and cost-effectiveness analyses to simulate the probabilistic distributions of different developments in DR and the cumulative cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening and ophthalmologist screening for DR in the rural population with diabetes mellitus (DM) in China. Additionally, a model-based health economic evaluation was performed by using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Last, one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the stability of the results. From the perspective of the health system, compared with no screening, AI-based screening cost more (the incremental cost was 37,257.76 RMB (approximately 5,211.31 US dollars)), but the effect was better (the incremental utility was 0.33). Compared with AI-based screening, the cost of ophthalmologist screening was higher (the incremental cost was 14,886.76 RMB (approximately 2,070.19 US dollars)), and the effect was worse (the incremental utility was -0.31). Compared with no screening, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of AI-based DR screening was 112,146.99 RMB (15,595.47 US dollars)/QALY, which was less than the threshold for the ICER (< 3 times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP), 217,341.00 RMB (30,224.03 US dollars)). Therefore, AI-based screening was cost-effective, which meant that the increased cost for each additional quality-adjusted life year was merited. Compared with no screening and ophthalmologist screening for DR, AI-based screening was the most cost-effective, which not only saved costs but also improved the quality of life of diabetes patients. Popularizing AI-based DR screening strategies in rural areas would be economically effective and feasible and can provide a scientific basis for the further formulation of early screening programs for diabetic retinopathy.
Trade margins of rubber exporters: The case of Indonesia
Authors: Handoyo Rossanto Dwi , Ibrahim Kabiru Hannafi , Wahyuni Tutus , Muhammad Fernanda Reza , Baraya Abdul-Azeez Sani
Published: November 2023

This study used a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) and spatial aspects to analyze Indonesia’s trade margins of a rubber product to export destination countries over the period 2009–2018. The study unraveled the role of non-tariff measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS), technical barriers to trade (TBT), and gravity factors in determining rubber trade margins. Our empirical strategies revealed that sanitary and phytosanitary policies negatively affect trade margins, while the technical barrier to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) asserts a positive impact on trade margins. However, the economics of scale, port, and contiguity increases extensive margin and reduces intensive, population size, distance, and language barrier reduce extensive margin and increase intensive margin. Further evidence revealed that high population size and port quality accompanied by high FDI and distance increases extensive margin and reduces intensive margin. High economics of scale accompanied by distance, port quality, FDI, and population size reduces both trade margins. Our empirical strategy from the spatial analysis does not give overall significant results on each variable as only economies of scale and population size seem to have a spatial influence on trade margins. The study, therefore, recommends that innovation both in terms of technology, like industrial innovation in the field of rubber processing and certification related to rubber commodities, needs to be increased to intensify and expand Indonesia’s rubber market share.
A tripartite evolutionary game analysis of sports data rights protection from the perspective of stakeholder
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Guo Xinyan
Published: November 2023

The amount of data in the globe is increasing at an exponential rate, and the role of digital technology and data elements in the modern growth of China’s sports business is becoming more significant. Disputes over sports data rights have grown in the international arena, with a special focus on how to preserve the sports data rights of key stakeholders. This study begins from the standpoint of stakeholders, constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, sports enterprises, and the public around the issue of sports data rights protection, investigates the behavioral evolutionary characteristics of each stakeholder and its stabilization strategies, simulates and analyzes the evolutionary stabilization strategies of the stakeholders in various situations using MATLAB, and proposes a compatible institution. According to the findings of this study, the cost of sports data governance, the cost of sports data sharing, the degree of sports data compliance use, the government incentive system, and the government regulation mechanism are the important elements impacting each stakeholder’s behavioral decision-making. Based on the foregoing, the study proposes corresponding institutional strategies for governments to respond to the issue of sports data rights, which will be more conducive to the safe use of data for development and humanitarian action, as well as contribute to global sustainable development.
Incidence and risk factors for unplanned readmission after colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: D’Souza Joel , Richards Simon , Eglinton Timothy , Frizelle Frank
Published: November 2023

Background

Unplanned readmissions (URs) after colorectal surgery (CRS) are common, expensive, and result from failure to progress in postoperative recovery. These are considered preventable, although the true extent is yet to be defined. In addition, their successful prediction remains elusive due to significant heterogeneity in this field of research. This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies aimed to identify the clinically relevant predictors of UR after colorectal surgery.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using indexed sources (The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and Embase) to search for published studies in English between 1996 and 2022. The search strategy returned 625 studies for screening of which, 150 were duplicates, and 305 were excluded for irrelevance. An additional 150 studies were excluded based on methodology and definition criteria. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and for the meta-analysis. Independent meta-extraction was conducted by multiple reviewers (JD & SR) in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was defined as UR within 30 days of index discharge after colorectal surgery. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool.

Results

The reported 30-day UR rate ranged from 6% to 22.8%. Increased comorbidity was the strongest preoperative risk factor for UR (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.28–1.51). Stoma formation was the strongest operative risk factor (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.38–1.72). The occurrence of postoperative complications was the strongest postoperative and overall risk factor for UR (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.21–7.61).

Conclusions

Increased comorbidity, stoma formation, and postoperative complications are clinically relevant predictors of UR after CRS. These risk factors are readily identifiable before discharge and serve as clinically relevant targets for readmission risk-reducing strategies. Successful readmission prediction may facilitate the efficient allocation of healthcare resources.
Joint power, joint work and lower limb muscle activity for transitions between level walking and stair ambulation at three inclinations
Authors: Grimmer Martin , Zeiss Julian , Weigand Florian , Zhao Guoping
Published: November 2023

To enhance human mobility, training interventions and assistive lower limb wearable robotic designs must draw insights from movement tasks from daily life. This study aimed to analyze joint peak power, limb and joint work, and muscle activity of the lower limb during a series of stair ambulation conditions. We recruited 12 subjects (25.4±4.5 yrs, 180.1±4.6 cm, 74.6±7.9 kg) and studied steady gait and gait transitions between level walking, stair ascent and stair descent for three staircase inclinations (low 19°, normal 30.4°, high 39.6°). Our analysis revealed that joint peak power, limb and joint work, and muscle activity increased significantly compared to level walking and with increasing stair inclination for most of the conditions analyzed. Transition strides had no increased requirements compared to the maxima found for steady level walking and steady stair ambulation. Stair ascent required increased lower limb joint positive peak power and work, while stair descent required increased lower limb joint negative peak power and work compared to level walking. The most challenging condition was high stair inclination, which required approximately thirteen times the total lower limb joint positive and negative net work during ascent and descent, respectively. These findings suggest that training interventions and lower limb wearable robotic designs must consider the major increases in lower limb joint and muscle effort during stair ambulation, with specific attention to the demands of ascent and descent, to effectively improve human mobility.
Factors associated with lenvatinib adherence in thyroid cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tateai Yoshikazu , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Teramae Minori , Fukuda Naoki , Yokokawa Takashi , Kobayashi Kazuo , Shibata Naoki , Suzuki Wataru , Shimizu Hisanori , Takahashi Shunji , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki , Hori Satoko , Yamaguchi Masakazu
Published: November 2023

Background

Lenvatinib is an oral anticancer medication used to treat radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate lenvatinib adherence by patients and to identify factors associated with decreased lenvatinib adherence.

Methods

Among 153 patients who started treatment with lenvatinib for unresectable thyroid cancer or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma between May 1, 2015 and August 31 2021 at the Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 102 were eligible for this study (55 thyroid cancer, 47 hepatocellular carcinoma). The lenvatinib adherence rate in a treatment cycle was defined as the number of times a patient took lenvatinib in a 28-day cycle divided by the prescribed 28 doses. The rate was determined by pill counting and self-reporting at the pharmaceutical outpatient clinic. Reasons for non-adherence were established by interview and analyzed.

Results

The median adherence rate of lenvatinib in the first cycle was 90.1% (n = 55) in thyroid cancer and 94.9% (n = 47) in hepatocellular carcinoma. In thyroid cancer, there were 255 incidents of lenvatinib non-adherence. Non-adherence was mainly associated with bleeding events (18.6%), followed by hand-foot skin reactions (10.6%). In hepatocellular carcinoma, there were 97 incidents of non-adherence. Hypertension accounted for 20.6%, followed by hoarseness (18.6%) and diarrhea (17.5%).

Conclusion

The adherence rate for lenvatinib in Japanese patients with thyroid and hepatocellular carcinoma in real-world clinical practice was more than 90% in this study. Hypertension was a major reason for non-adherence, followed by hand-foot skin reactions and diarrhea.
How well does the virtual format of oncology multidisciplinary team meetings work? An assessment of participants’ perspectives and limitations: A scoping review
Authors: Abdul Rehman Muhammad , Naeem Unaiza , Rani Anooja , Banatwala Umm E. Salma Shabbar , Salman Afia , Abdullah Khalid Muhammad , Ikram Areeba , Tahir Erfa
Published: November 2023

Background

Virtual multidisciplinary team meetings (VMDTM) provide a standard of care that is not limited by physical distance or social restrictions. And so, when the COVID-19 pandemic imposed irrefutable social restrictions and made in-person meetings impossible, many hospitals switched to the VMDTMs. Although the pandemic might have highlighted the ease of VMDTMs, these virtual meetings have existed over the past decade, albeit less in importance. Despite their recent importance, no review has previously assessed the feasibility of VMDTMs through the eyes of the participants, the barriers participants face, nor their comparison with the in-person format. We undertook this scoping review to map existing literature and assess the perspectives of VMDTM participants.

Material and methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar from inception till July 1st, 2023 to select studies that evaluated the perspectives of participants of VMDTMs regarding the core components that make up a VMDMT. Four authors, independently, extracted data from all included studies. Two authors separated data into major themes and sub-themes.

Results

We identified six core, intrinsic aspects of a VMDTM that are essential to its structure: (1) organization, (2) case discussion and decision-making, (3) teamwork and communication, (4) training and education, (5) technology, and (6) patient-related aspect. VMDTMs have a high overall satisfaction rating amongst participants. The preference, however, is for a hybrid model of multidisciplinary teams. VMDTMs offer support to isolated physicians, help address complex cases, and offer information that may not be available elsewhere. The periodical nature of VMDTMs is appropriate for their consideration as CMEs. Adequate technology is paramount to the sustenance of the format.

Conclusion

VMDTMs are efficient and offer a multidisciplinary consensus without geographical limitations. Despite certain technical and social limitations, VMDTM participants are highly satisfied with the format, although the preference lies with a hybrid model.
A Documentação Musical do Arquivo da Irmandade dos Clérigos do Porto
Authors: Oliveira Cymbron Furtado Cabral Francisco
Published: November 2023

Este artigo procura estabelecer uma ligação entre a música e a ciência da informação, tema ainda relativamente pouco explorado, dada a complexidade da descrição arquivística e a especificidade inerente aos documentos musicais. Para o efeito, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo para este artigo o Acervo Musical do Arquivo da Irmandade dos Clérigos do Porto. Em 2015, uma equipa de arquivistas organizou e descreveu arquivisticamente a documentação pertencente à Irmandade. Este Acervo Musical pertenceu ao Coro da Irmandade, fundado em 1768, sendo constituído, maioritariamente, por manuscritos musicais e por algumas edições impressas. Para uma melhor compreensão desta documentação, serão abordados vários aspetos tanto a nível histórico, como musical e arquivístico. Alguma da informação aqui publicada é inédita para a Musicologia portuguesa, visto que esta documentação nunca foi alvo de um estudo científico. Das vinte e oito obras musicais que constituem o Acervo Musical, apenas foram identificados três nomes de compositores, sendo um deles desconhecido no contexto do panorama musical português. São eles: David Perez (1711-1778), António da Silva Leite (1759-1833) e Francisco da Cunha Teles e Meneses (sem informação conhecida). Procura-se, ainda, refletir sobre as ligações entre a música e a arquivística, sublinhando a falta de técnicos especializados em ambas as áreas, para o tratamento de acervos semelhantes, em arquivos públicos e privados. Propõe-se que a música seja encarada apenas como uma diferente tipologia e/ou temática de um documento, não a discriminando e tratando-a como qualquer outro documento de arquivo.
Was heißt „Vorhandensein“? Die kulturwissenschaftliche Relevanz einer Klärung
Authors: Schlaberg Claus
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung. Dieser Beitrag baut auf der Idee auf, Wahrmacher in eine Wahrheits­bedingungen-Semantik zu integrieren. Speziell geht er der Frage nach, Wahrheitsbedin­gungen welcher Art für Aussagen in Frage kommen, die einer Sache Vorhandensein – im Unterschied dazu, bloßes intentionales Objekt zu sein – zuschreiben. Die adverbiale The­orie der Wahrnehmung behandelt Erleben, zum Beispiel Erscheinungen (visuelles Erle­ben), als ‚adverbial‘ klassifizierbar. Als weiterer Ansatz zur Charakterisierung des Verhält­nisses einer Erscheinung (visuelles Erleben) zu dem jeweils Erscheinenden wird der semantische Externalismus berücksichtigt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird Vorhandensein von y als Disposition zu y-Erleben begriffen: Dass y vorhanden ist, wird als Disposition zu solchem Erleben verstanden, das adverbial als y-Erleben charakterisiert ist. Dieser Ansatz trägt dazu bei, die verschiedenen Perspektiven der Naturwissenschaften und der Kultur­wissenschaften verständlicher zu machen. Naturwissenschaften sind auf y gerichtet, wäh­rend die Kulturwissenschaften vor allem y-Erleben thematisieren.
AN AUTOCODER OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
Authors:   V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Meshcheryakov R.V. , Wolf D.A. , Turovsky Y.А.
Published: November 2023

The authors identify hidden parameters of the function describing the electrical activity of the human brain, obtained using electroencephalography (EEG), with the help of an artificial neural network and deep machine learning. The compression of applied information, necessary to reduce the dimensionality of the feature space of the data in order to obtain a model of an artificial neural network– an autoencoder is formulated. The novelty of the general solution and the theoretical aspects and problems of existing compression methods are described. An experimental study is carried out, which consists in obtaining an autoencoder model using applied data EEG sequences containing visual evoked potentials. The compression problem is solved by decreasing the dimensionality of the multidimensional vector associated with the sample. The autoencoder encodes the original multi-dimensional vector into a vector of smaller dimensionality. Using deep machine learning, a coding function is found such that reverse decoding into the original vector can be performed. As a result of the empirical selection of the vector dimensionality, the best experimental model of the autoencoder was chosen, which compresses the feature space of dimensionality equal to 1260 (in the initial sense EEG signals of duration 0,2 s) to a 24-dimensional space, with the possibility of the reconstruction of the initial signal with losses of not more than 10 %.
La identificación de complementos directos e indirectos en español y polaco
Authors: Lisowska Monika
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to compare the methods of identifying the direct and indirect object in Spanish and Polish. From the author’s point of view, Spanish relies more on semantic methods, while Polish relies more on formal ones, especially those related to the category of case. As the article strives to demonstrate, the two approaches can be significant for the different interpretations of objects in both languages.
Evolución semántica y lexicalización del somatismo español cerrar los ojos
Authors: Pascual-López Xavier
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the Invited Inferencing Theory of Se- mantic Change in order to establish the semantic evolution of idioms with literal correlates, in particular somatisms or kinegrams. The methodology is applied to analyze the testimonies (until 1700) of Spanish somatism cerrar los ojos in a diachronic corpus of Spanish language (CORDE), so as to find out what inferences generated contextual meanings that conditioned its lexicalization as idiom, semanticizing symbolic meanings related to death, sleep, knowledge, irrationality, submission or trust.
Identifying the original function of vessels deposited in Lusatian Urnfield burials: the case of the Czernikowice cemetery (Poland)
Authors: Łaciak Dagmara , Stolarczyk Tomasz , Ribechini Erika , La Nasa Jacopo , Łucejko Jeannette J.
Published: November 2023

Usage patterns are one of the leading research issues in archaeological pottery studies. Non-cinerary vessels deposited in burials of the Lusatian Urnfield are particularly intriguing since they did not typically undergo detailed functional analysis. Their function has usually been determined based on the shape and surface treatment. Thus, grave pottery is widely regarded to have been explicitly fashioned for mortuary practices and not used for other purposes. It applies particularly to ceramic items other than containers, such as zoomorphic vessels, figurines, and rattles, which must have played a significant role in funeral ceremonies.

The paper presents the outcome of morphological, stylistic and chromatographic analyses of vessels deposited in the Lusatian Urnfield cremation graves found at site 2 in Czernikowice, Legnica district, Poland. The ceramic items come from well-investigated grave contexts dated to Montelius’ periods IV and V. The results indicate that most of the analysed vessels had contact with substances of vegetal and faunal origin.
Imagine the Table, the Bed, the Shoes! John Chrysostom on the Affective Power of Imagined Objects
Authors: Leyerle Blake
Published: November 2023

John Chrysostom’s use of imagined speech, or prosopopoeia, is an acknowledged and striking aspect of his exegetical practice. In his homilies, he often fills out the spare scriptural record by inserting additional dialogue and unfolding the characters’ thoughts. He even draws attention to what figures did not say or think. An interesting and as yet undiscussed counterpoint to this rhetorical technique is the fourth-century preacher’s practice of imagining objects. This too was an established rhetorical device, called enargeia. The objects that he evokes tend to be ordinary—they are usually pieces of furniture or items of clothing—but they are always associated with extraordinary people. This essay explores the agency that Chrysostom attributes to these objects: what he understood them to say and do to his listeners. Although the messages and feelings vary, they are always intense. And this intensity was the utility of these things for Chrysostom. Imagined objects were a way to stimulate listeners, to get them to overcome inertia and pursue virtue.
Student Perceptions and Choices of Metacognitive Strategy Components in French Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Ahmad Ajhar , Wan Salim Wan Iman , Abdul Karim Shobehah , Mohd Zain Akma Azlin , Ab Rahman Faizahani
Published: November 2023

This study intends to create students' awareness toward the use of metacognitive strategy components and identify their choices of metacognitive strategy components after interventions. 45 students, who learnt French as a foreign language, participated in this study. Ellis’ Second Language Acquisition model and Metacognitive Learning Strategy Model from O'Malley & Chamot were used as a theoretical foundation and framework. Interview protocol was administered as the main research instrument to collect students' perceptions together with a questionnaire. The results were classified into metacognitive strategy components, which are planning, monitoring, and evaluation. Mixed methods research design utilising the  quasi-experimental design were used to investigate how students’ perceptions demonstrated their choice of strategies, which were administered before and after the interventions. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested using SPSS. After three interventions using metacognitive strategy components, the results showed that students' perceptions affected choices of strategies; creating awareness among students. 68% of students used evaluation strategies, 54.93% used monitoring strategies, and only 35.93% used planning strategies.
Mind-mapping Strategy in Process Writing Approach: Idea Extension Evidence for Introductory Paragraph
Authors: Mohd Khairi Razali  , Abdul Rahim Azwin Arif , Khamis Nor Yazi
Published: November 2023

Extending ideas in essay writing is challenging for many ESL students, let alone the low ones. The students need help writing ideas, even in the introductory paragraph. Mind mapping strategy could help students develop ideas by forming wh-questions using identified keywords. Hence, this research is conducted to determine the evidence of a mind-mapping strategy in extending ideas for writing introductory paragraphs in the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Writing Task 2 (Extended Essay). Also, it intends to explore the students’ steps in the mind-mapping strategy to extend ideas in the introductory paragraph writing process. The research design is a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach where data were gathered through a needs assessment survey, diagnostic tests, and semi-structured interviews. Process writing activities were designed as a treatment after the survey, and pre-test scores supported the necessity to employ the mind-mapping strategy to the experimental group. Conversely, a control group was formed to contrast the strategy with free writing activities. Test scores of the two groups after eight weeks of the treatment were compared using Klimova’s (2014) writing components. The diagnostic pre and post-test scores on ideas extension showed evidence of the strategy. The qualitative findings also augmented the strategy’s usefulness in five aspects: 1) as an idea generation strategy; 2) using keywords and wh-questions; 3) clear step-by-step processes; 4) improved idea development; and 5) the importance of a good beginning. Further study could expand the strategy’s advantages in idea extension and content paragraph organisation for the MUET writing tasks and other essay writing processes.
An Analysis of Translation Procedures of Cultural-specific Items from English into Arabic Applied in “Sunshine in the Rain: A Maid's Courage”
Authors: Saad Mudheher Al Sammarraie Huda , Subramaniam Ilangko , Zainal Enid Zureen
Published: November 2023

Cultures seem to be brimming with culture-specific items (CSIs). Such objects may be unique to one culture or communicated by several cultures. In literature, there is a wide range of CSIs, but editors may have difficulty translating them. This investigation emphasizes what editors might encounter in the translation procedures of CSIs found in a short story entitled “Sunshine in the Rain: A Maid's Courage”. The differences between the source English language and target Arabic language texts present difficulties in various transcription procedures. It is worth noting that the researcher was able to successfully translate many CSIs into foreign dialects through this book. Thus, the current paper addresses the gap issue that translators face when translating some culturally specific texts or statements from English into Arabic. The book was selected because it tells a cultural story in three languages: Malay, English (the public tongue), and Tagalog (the Filipino language). To better know these methods, the Arab writer community gains knowledge and utilizes Newmark's models to translate analyses based on theory, which hires seven procedures of CSIs to be translated processes inspected and discussed. The outcome proved that literal translation was a majority typically utilized technique (17.6%), followed by modulation (16.3%) and paraphrasing (12.6%), with other procedures such as naturalization, couplets, notes, additions, and glosses being avoided. Certain research conclusions, as well as information provided by translators, translation researchers, and students, may assist a translator knowledgeable in paying more attention to CSIs. By means of translating a variety of things, you can guide them to improve one's elaboration skills and expand their cultural languages.
Un estudio comparado de la voz femenina en la poesía del pueblo marginado del sur global
Authors: Kumar Ashwani
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo examinará la literatura (poesía) de dos grupos marginados, los afrocaribeños en el Caribe y los dalits en la India. Se enfoca en demostrar cómo las dos colectividades diferentes, del Caribe y la India, están constituidas por estructuras de opresión socioeconómica, cultural y política que definen sus identidades en las respectivas sociedades. Mi intento sería examinar las voces de protesta que emergen en la poesía de mujeres afrocaribeñas, Nancy Morejón y Excilia Saldaña y las poetas dalits de hindi, Sushila Takabhore, Nirmala Putul, Anita Bharti, etc., que denuncian la discriminación con base en la casta en la India y la raza en el Caribe hispánico, que complican las identidades del pueblo marginado.

Se sabe que las mujeres afrocaribeñas y dalits están oprimidas en sus respectivas sociedades. Son víctimas de las cinco caras de la opresión. Intentaré reflexionar el problema siguiendo la teoría de cinco caras de opresión (pensadas por la científica política estadounidense Iris Marion Young), como la Explotación, la Marginación, la Impotencia, el Imperialismo cultural y la Violencia.

También exploraré cómo la teoría de la crítica india Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (“¿Puede el subalterno hablar?”) en la que opina que el subalterno no puede hablar, está desafiada por las voces de los poetas dalits. Además, también se encuentra un debate entre Spivak y Roberto Fernández Retamar (Caliban) sobre ¿cómo debe adquirir su voz propia el subalterno? Con la lectura del libro Caliban y otros ensayos (1979) de Retamar, intentaré responder al argumento de Spivak de cómo deben usar el idioma los subalternos.
Darcy Ribeiro: universidad necesaria y texturas del tiempo
Authors: Kozel Andrés
Published: November 2023

El presente ensayo realiza un recorrido por el pensamiento de Darcy Ribeiro abundando en su concepto de universidad necesaria, el cual fue fundante en proyectos de construcción y compromiso de la universidad pública latinoamericana. El texto realiza un recorrido por las principales ideas de los escritos por el recordado antropólogo brasileño y su visión de futuro, de proyectos de reforma universitaria y educativa en pos de sociedades más justas e incluyentes.
Knudsenia Flavoparmeliarum: A new Genus and Species of Lichenicolous Fungus Growing on Flavoparmelia Caperata and Flavopunctelia Flaventior (Parmeliaceae) from India
Authors: Joshi Y. , Bansal P.
Published: November 2023

A new parasitic lichenicolous fungus Knudsenia, with the type species, K. flavoparmeliarum, growing on the thallus of the corticolous lichen Flavoparmelia caperata in subalpine and alpine regions of Central Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India) is described, illustrated, and compared with other morphologically similar lichenicolous fungi. It is characterised by having inconspicuous galls; stromatic ascomata with sterile brownish black to black tissue which is K+ majenta, N–, I–; hymenial gel K/I–; exciple evident; paraphyses simple to sparsely branched, apically not pigmented; asci bitunicate, elongate, clavate to subcylindrical with an indistinct ocular chamber with a very short stalk, 8-spored, K/I+ reddish brown; ascospores hyaline, spherical to ellipsoid at maturity, simple to rarely 1-pseudoseptate [(9.0–)9.5–10.5–11.5(–12.0) × (1.0–)1.2–1.5–2.0(–2.5) µm], I–, perispore absent. Since the species lacks molecular data, hence, it was tentatively placed in the family Planistromellaceae pending further studies.
A Detailed Study of Leaf and Pollen Micromorphology of Some Species of Parietaria and Its Systematic Implication (Urticaceae)
Authors: Noedoost F. , Nikzat S.
Published: November 2023

Parietaria L. is a genus comprised of 20 species distributed throughout temperate and subtropical areas of the world. The leaf and pollen characters of four species of Parietaria from different locations in Iran were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy, in order to assess their diagnostic significance to provide additional evidence on species delimitation. All pollen grains were small in size and found to be porate. Most of the pollen characters, such as shape and sculpturing of pollen grains, exine diameter, were overlapped between species and indicated limited taxonomic value. The pore and annulus diameter could be provided additional taxonomic characters that can be used for species delimitation in the genus. Moreover, the leaf epidermis provided new qualitative data (laminar hydathodes, bladder-based trichomes) that could delimit the species. The characters like twin stomata and laminar hydathode observed in P. officinalis were reported for the first time in this genus.
«Addenda» a la edición de la placa epigráfica de «Treb. Nepos», hallada en «Asturica Augusta»
Authors: Martino-García David
Published: November 2023

Se aportan novedades sobre esta placa epigráfica, descubiertas como consecuencia de su restauración.
Antifungal strains M1-8 and M6-4 as biocontrol agents against Aspergillus flavus on peanut kernels
Authors: Yi Yanjie , Shan Youtian , Lou Yu , Ning Zhiwen , Zhang Qingyao , Yang Yingao , Liang Yuqian , Shi Jinsheng , Hou Zhipeng
Published: November 2023

Aspergillus flavus is the main pathogenic fungi for peanut kernels, and it has highly negative economic and health impacts. To explore the biological control agent against A. flavus, two antagonistic strains were screened from 70 bacteria isolates from moldy stuff and identified as Burkholderia plantarii M1-8 and Burkholderia glumae M6-4. In vitro pathogen inhibition determination indicated culture filtrates of M1-8 and M6-4 had distinct inhibition zones and could decrease the mycelial growth of A. flavus. Furthermore, the biocontrol assay showed moldy rates of peanut seeds treated with culture filtrate were much lower than that of the control group. The biocontrol -efficacy of M1-8 and M6-4 culture filtrate reached 88.6% and 84.2%, respectively, which were higher than that of the sorbic acid treatment group. Moreover, culture filtrate of M1-8 was tolerant to proteinase K, high light, pH and temperature (below 70°C), and had good stability of antifungal activity. The results indicate that these two antifungal strains could be used as biocontrol agents for controlling A. flavus during the peanut supply and -storage period.
EFFECTS OF CYCLIC TRAFFIC LOADS AND SEAWATER EROSION ON SUFFUSION OF CRUSHED CALCAREOUS SANDS
Authors: Xiong Hao , Tang Rui , Yin Zhen-Yu , Chen Hanqing , Zhang Zhimin , Qiu Yuanyi , Zhang Runqi
Published: November 2023

Calcareous sands, in contrast to ordinary terrestrial source sands, are characterized by their propensity for fragmentation. This leads to the fracturing of calcareous sands within the foundation under the impact of traffic loads. The crushed calcareous sands then experience suffusion due to cyclic wave action, potentially causing foundation settlement. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of varying load frequencies and magnitudes on road foundations subjected to cyclic traffic loads. In this study, a series of numerical case studies employing the coupled computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method (CFD-DEM) are conducted. The macroscopic and microscopic effects of load magnitude and frequency on fines loss mass, fines loss rate, soil surface displacement, and microstructure are analyzed. The results indicate that as the traffic load magnitude increases and frequency decreases, fines loss mass and volumetric strain of the soil decrease, reducing the suffusion effect on the foundation. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of micromechanical constitutive models for calcareous sands and the design of transportation infrastructure.
A hybrid reliability assessment method for slab track with changing structural parameters
Authors: Li Zai-Wei , Liu Xiao-Zhou , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2023

Changes in the dynamic properties of high-speed rail (HSR) slab track structures can have a great impact on train safety and ride quality. However, the dynamic response of wheel–rail systems, which is related to operational safety, has rarely been considered in existing service reliability assessments of track structures. To solve this problem, a hybrid method was developed, with the serviceability limit state (SLS) first defined with respect to the derailment coefficient (DC) and wheel unloading rate (WUR). In calculating the reliability index, the response surface method and the first-order reliability method were used to solve the implicit expression of wheel–rail force in the SLS equation. To reduce the computation cost, a surrogate model expressing the non-linear mapping of the wheel–rail interaction is proposed. The computation efficiency and accuracy of the hybrid method were compared with Monte Carlo simulation and a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). The computation time of the hybrid method was only 1/8.4 of the BPNN method, while the accuracy of the reliability index was 98% for the DC and 97% for the WUR. The hybrid method was used to assess the reliability of a typical slab track structure under changing stiffness and damping coefficients of the fasteners, cement asphalt mortar and foundation. The stiffness and damping of the fasteners had the most impact on wheel–rail dynamics and track reliability. This research provides new insights into reliability assessments for HSR slab track with respect to train operational safety.
Flowering and pollination characteristics of Weigela middendorffiana (Carrière) К. Koch when introduced in the north
Authors:   Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Division RAS, Miftakhova Svetlana A.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of studying the peculiarities of flowering and pollination of Weigela middendorffiana (Carrière) by K. Koch in the northernmost conditions of introduction. This species is a valuable ornamental shrub that naturally occurs in the forests of the Far East. Flowers of W. middendorffiana refers to flowers with polychrome corolla color during flowering. The yellow-orange stripe on the lower lobe inside the corolla becomes red-brown after the end of the male and female stages. The duration of the "yellow-orange" phase is from 2 to 5 days, and the "burgundy-red" phase lasts from 1 to 4 days. This species growing in culture\ (under cultivation) in the Middle Taiga subzone of the Komi Republic is characterized by annual secondary flowering. The flower of W. middendorffiana has morphological features that provide preferential pollination by bees and bumblebees. Experience in determining the type of pollination has shown that W. middendorffiana is characterized by xenogamy and there are signs of physiological self-incompatibility.
Molecular genetic analysis for Fusarium species diversity in the winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus)
Authors:   LLC Syntol, Shvartsev Alexey A. ,   RSAU – MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Koroleva Maria L. ,   LLC Syntol, Blinova Sofia A. ,   LLC Syntol, Rubets Valentina S. ,   RSAU – MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Pylnev Vladimir V. ,   RSAU – MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev
Published: November 2023

Fusarium is a large genus of fungi and is of interest primarily because numerous species are important plant pathogens. Fusarium can infect about 200 species of cultivated crops and lead to significant yield losses. In this regard, it is necessary to diagnose plants to detect fungi of the Fusarium genus and determine the phytopathogenic load in crops in order to identify a latent infection. The aim of this study is to test developed primers on fungi DNA collection and winter triticale. In this research, the developed primers were tested on 24 samples of fungi, obtained from different collections and on 50 samples of winter triticale from RSAU-MTAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. Primers and probes were selected and tested to determine belonging to the genus Fusarium by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). There were no false-positive results in the analysis of other types of fungi and related microorganisms. Analytical sensitivity of the developed oligonucleotides isn’t less than 15 copies of plasmid with the target DNA region per qPCR reaction. Diagnostic kit was tested using various Real-Time PCR systems. The triticale samples were tested for the presence of F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. sambucinum. The greatest defeat by Fusarium was in varieties: PRAG522, PRAG507, PRAG 519, OGM-1. The results of the study could be used for screening diagnostic tests.