bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODE PEMBELAJARAN DI LUAR KELAS (OUTDOOR STUDY), MELALUI MEDIA MUSEUM RUMAH STUDI MISI OSF SEMARANG LEARNING METHODS OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM (OUTDOOR STUDY), THROUGH THE MEDIA MUSEUM OSF SEMARANG MISSION STUDY HOUSE
Authors: FR Wuriningsih
Published: August 2022

Learning activities outside the classroom (Outdoor Study) and outside reading book texts will create a different atmosphere and understanding. One of the ways to study outdoors is to visit museums, the museum informs the public, especially students and teachers, about history classes. Museums are the best place to find historical sources, feel more grateful, get to know the world more broadly. The purpose of this community service writing is to disseminate information about the existence of the OSF Semarang Mission Study House as an alternative to visit, as an interesting place and provide additional knowledge. The methods used in this activity are preparation, visit and evaluation. The result of this dissemination is that the OSF Semarang Study house is an interesting place to visit with relics of interesting items to be known by students and the visiting public. Arrangement of items in a neat and attractive room will make students and the public feel at home and will visit again
Pengenalan dan Kesiapan Teknologi 5G SLB Negri Labuha, Kab. Halmahera Selatan, Maluku Utara
Authors: Saiful Do. Abdullah  , Syarifuddin Kapita  , Achmad Fuad  , Adelina ibrahim
Published: August 2022

The development of telecommunications technology has grown very rapidly. This is in line with the extraordinary increase in internet data traffic. The use of the internet has been used in all layers of the age segment, both the older generation to the younger generation. Global competition in the future is very tight and knowledge of technology, especially telecommunications technology, is needed. 5G technology stands for 5th Generation which refers to the fifth generation of mobile phones. 5G technology has incredible data capabilities and has the ability to unify unlimited call volume and unlimited data broadcasts in the latest mobile operating systems. Currently, Indonesia is lagging behind in the application of 5G technology. Indonesia is currently still preparing regulations and the frequency spectrum used in the implementation of 5G technology. Therefore, the socialization of the Introduction and Readiness of 5G Technology SLB Negri Labuha, Kab. South Halmahera, North Maluku.
Towards Sparse Federated Analytics: Location Heatmaps under Distributed Differential Privacy with Secure Aggregation
Authors: Bagdasaryan Eugene , Kairouz Peter , Mellem Stefan , Gascón Adrià , Bonawitz Kallista , Estrin Deborah , Gruteser Marco
Published: August 2022

We design a scalable algorithm to privately generate location heatmaps over decentralized data from millions of user devices. It aims to ensure differential privacy before data becomes visible to a service provider while maintaining high data accuracy and minimizing resource consumption on users’ devices. To achieve this, we revisit distributed differential privacy based on recent results in secure multiparty computation, and we design a scalable and adaptive distributed differential privacy approach for location analytics. Evaluation on public location datasets shows that this approach successfully generates metropolitan-scale heatmaps from millions of user samples with a worstcase client communication overhead that is significantly smaller than existing state-of-the-art private protocols of similar accuracy.
3LegRace: Privacy-Preserving DNN Training over TEEs and GPUs
Authors: Niu Yue , Ali Ramy E. , Avestimehr Salman
Published: August 2022

Leveraging parallel hardware (e.g. GPUs) for deep neural network (DNN) training brings high computing performance. However, it raises data privacy concerns as GPUs lack a trusted environment to protect the data. Trusted execution environments (TEEs) have emerged as a promising solution to achieve privacypreserving learning. Unfortunately, TEEs’ limited computing power renders them not comparable to GPUs in performance. To improve the trade-off among privacy, computing performance, and model accuracy, we propose an asymmetric model decomposition framework, AsymML, to (1) accelerate training using parallel hardware; and (2) achieve a strong privacy guarantee using TEEs and differential privacy (DP) with much less accuracy compromised compared to DP-only methods. By exploiting the low-rank characteristics in training data and intermediate features, AsymML asymmetrically decomposes inputs and intermediate activations into low-rank and residual parts. With the decomposed data, the target DNN model is accordingly split into a trusted and an untrusted part. The trusted part performs computations on low-rank data, with low compute and memory costs. The untrusted part is fed with residuals perturbed by very small noise. Privacy, computing performance, and model accuracy are well managed by respectively delegating the trusted and the untrusted part to TEEs and GPUs. We provide a formal DP guarantee that demonstrates that, for the same privacy guarantee, combining asymmetric data decomposition and DP requires much smaller noise compared to solely using DP without decomposition. This improves the privacy-utility trade-off significantly compared to using only DP methods without decomposition. Furthermore, we present a rank bound analysis showing that the low-rank structure is preserved after each layer across the entire model. Our extensive evaluations on DNN models show that AsymML delivers 7.6× speedup in training compared to the TEE-only executions while ensuring privacy. We also demonstrate that AsymML is effective in protecting data under common attacks such as model inversion and gradient attacks.
How Usable Are iOS App Privacy Labels?
Authors: Zhang Shikun , Feng Yuanyuan , Yao Yaxing , Cranor Lorrie Faith , Sadeh Norman
Published: August 2022

Standardized privacy labels that succinctly summarize those data practices that people are most commonly concerned about offer the promise of providing users with more effective privacy notices than full-length privacy policies. With their introduction by Apple in iOS 14 and Google’s recent adoption in its Play Store, mobile app privacy labels are for the first time available at scale to users. We report the first indepth interview study with 24 lay iPhone users to investigate their experiences, understanding, and perceptions of Apple’s privacy labels. We uncovered misunderstandings of and dissatisfaction with the iOS privacy labels that hinder their effectiveness, including confusing structure, unfamiliar terms, and disconnection from permission settings and controls. We identify areas where app privacy labels might be improved and propose suggestions to address shortcomings to make them more understandable, usable, and useful.
ATOM: Ad-network Tomography
Authors: Musa Maaz Bin , Nithyanand Rishab
Published: August 2022

Data sharing between online trackers and advertisers is a key component in online behavioral advertising. This sharing can be facilitated through a variety of processes, including those not observable to the user’s browser. The unobservability of these processes limits the ability of researchers and auditors seeking to verify compliance with recent regulations (e.g., CCPA and CDPA) which require complete disclosure of data sharing partners. Unfortunately, the applicability of existing techniques to make inferences about unobservable data sharing relationships is limited due to their dependence on protocol- or case-specific artifacts of the online behavioral advertising ecosystem (e.g., they work only when client-side header bidding is used for ad delivery or when advertisers perform ad retargeting). As behavioral advertising technologies continue to evolve rapidly, the availability of these artifacts and the effectiveness of transparency solutions dependent on them remain ephemeral. In this paper, we propose a generalizable technique, called ATOM, to infer data sharing relationships between online trackers and advertisers. ATOM is different from prior approaches in that it is universally applicable — i.e., independent of ad delivery protocols or availability of artifacts. ATOM leverages the insight that by the very nature of behavioral advertising, ad creatives themselves can be used to infer data sharing between trackers and advertisers — after all, the topics and brands showcased in an ad are dependent on the data available to the advertiser. Therefore, by selectively blocking trackers and monitoring changes in the characteristics of ad creatives delivered by advertisers, ATOM is able to identify data sharing relationships between trackers and advertisers. The relationships discovered by our implementation of ATOM include those not found using prior approaches and are validated by external sources.
Machine Learning with Differentially Private Labels: Mechanisms and Frameworks
Authors: Tang Xinyu , Nasr Milad , Mahloujifar Saeed , Shejwalkar Virat , Song Liwei , Houmansadr Amir , Mittal Prateek
Published: August 2022

Label differential privacy is a relaxation of differential privacy for machine learning scenarios where the labels are the only sensitive information that needs to be protected in the training data. For example, imagine a survey from a participant in a university class about their vaccination status. Some attributes of the students are publicly available but their vaccination status is sensitive information and must remain private. Now if we want to train a model that predicts whether a student has received vaccination using only their public information, we can use label-DP. Recent works on label-DP use different ways of adding noise to the labels in order to obtain label-DP models. In this work, we present novel techniques for training models with label-DP guarantees by leveraging unsupervised learning and semi-supervised learning, enabling us to inject less noise while obtaining the same privacy, therefore achieving a better utility-privacy trade-off. We first introduce a framework that starts with an unsupervised classifier f0 and dataset D with noisy label set Y , reduces the noise in Y using f0 , and then trains a new model f using the less noisy dataset. Our noise reduction strategy uses the model f0 to remove the noisy labels that are incorrect with high probability. Then we use semi-supervised learning to train a model using the remaining labels. We instantiate this framework with multiple ways of obtaining the noisy labels and also the base classifier. As an alternative way to reduce the noise, we explore the effect of using unsupervised learning: we only add noise to a majority voting step for associating the learned clusters with a cluster label (as opposed to adding noise to individual labels); the reduced sensitivity enables us to add less noise. Our experiments show that these techniques can significantly outperform the prior works on label-DP.
Flexible and scalable privacy assessment for very large datasets, with an application to official governmental microdata
Authors: Alvim Mário S. , Fernandes Natasha , McIver Annabelle , Morgan Carroll , Nunes Gabriel H.
Published: August 2022

We present a systematic refactoring of the conventional treatment of privacy analyses, basing it on mathematical concepts from the framework of Quantitative Information Flow (QIF ). The approach we suggest brings three principal advantages: it is flexible, allowing for precise quantification and comparison of privacy risks for attacks both known and novel; it can be computationally tractable for very large, longitudinal datasets; and its results are explainable both to politicians and to the general public. We apply our approach to a very large case study: the Educational Censuses of Brazil, curated by the governmental agency inep, which comprise over 90 attributes of approximately 50 million individuals released longitudinally every year since 2007. These datasets have only very recently (2018–2021) attracted legislation to regulate their privacy — while at the same time continuing to maintain the openness that had been sought in Brazilian society. inep’s reaction to that legislation was the genesis of our project with them. In our conclusions here we share the scientific, technical, and communication lessons we learned in the process.
Collection, usage and privacy of mobility data in the enterprise and public administrations
Authors: Kapp Alexandra
Published: August 2022

Human mobility data is a crucial resource for urban mobility management, but it does not come without personal reference. The implementation of security measures such as anonymization is thus needed to protect individuals’ privacy. Often, a trade-off arises as such techniques potentially decrease the utility of the data and limit its use. While much research on anonymization techniques exists, there is little information on the actual implementations by practitioners, especially outside the big tech context. Within our study, we conducted expert interviews to gain insights into practices in the field. We categorize purposes, data sources, analysis, and modeling tasks to provide a profound understanding of the context such data is used in. We survey privacy-enhancing methods in use, which generally do not comply with state-of-the-art standards of differential privacy. We provide groundwork for further research on practice-oriented research by identifying privacy needs of practitioners and extracting relevant mobility characteristics for future standardized evaluations of privacy-enhancing methods.
A novel reconstruction attack on foreign-trade official statistics, with a Brazilian case study
Authors: Favato Danilo Fabrino , Coutinho Gabriel , Alvim Mário S. , Fernandes Natasha
Published: August 2022

In this paper we describe, formalize, implement, and experimentally evaluate a novel transaction re-identification attack against official foreigntrade statistics releases in Brazil. The attack’s goal is to re-identify the importers of foreign-trade transactions (by revealing the identity of the company performing that transaction), which consequently violates those importers’ fiscal secrecy (by revealing sensitive information: the value and volume of traded goods). We provide a mathematical formalization of this fiscal secrecy problem using principles from the framework of quantitative information flow (QIF), then carefully identify the main sources of imprecision in the official data releases used as auxiliary information in the attack, and model transaction re-construction as a linear optimization problem solvable through integer linear programming (ILP). We show that this problem is NP-complete, and provide a methodology to identify tractable instances. We exemplify the feasibility of our attack by performing 2,003 transaction re-identifications that in total amount to more than $137M, and affect 348 Brazilian companies. Further, since similar statistics are produced by other statistical agencies, our attack is of broader concern.
Private Aggregation of Trajectories
Authors: Ghazi Badih , Kamal Neel , Kumar Ravi , Manurangsi Pasin , Zhang Annika
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the task of aggregating user-generated trajectories in a differentially private manner. We present a new algorithm for this problem and demonstrate its effectiveness and practicality through detailed experiments on real-world data. We also show that under simple and natural assumptions, our algorithm has provable utility guarantees.
On the Challenges of Developing a Concise Questionnaire to Identify Privacy Personas
Authors: Biselli Tom , Steinbrink Enno , Herbert Franziska , Schmidbauer-Wolf Gina M. , Reuter Christian
Published: August 2022

Concise instruments to determine privacy personas – typical privacy-related user groups – are not available at present. Consequently, we aimed to identify them on a privacy knowledge–privacy behavior ratio based on a self-developed instrument. To achieve this, we conducted an item analysis (N = 820) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (N = 656) of data based on an online study with German participants. Starting with 81 items, we reduced those to an eleven-item questionnaire with the two scales privacy knowledge and privacy behavior. A subsequent cluster analysis (N = 656) revealed three distinct user groups: (1) Fundamentalists scoring high in privacy knowledge and behavior, (2) Pragmatists scoring average in privacy knowledge and behavior and (3) Unconcerned scoring low in privacy knowledge and behavior. In a closer inspection of the questionnaire, the CFAs supported the model with a close global fit based on RMSEA in a training and to a lesser extent in a cross-validation sample. Deficient local fit as well as validity and reliability coefficients well below generally accepted thresholds, however, revealed that the questionnaire in its current form cannot be considered a suitable measurement instrument for determining privacy personas. The results are discussed in terms of related persona conceptualizations, the importance of a methodologically sound investigation of corresponding privacy dimensions and our lessons learned.
Time- and Space-Efficient Aggregate Range Queries over Encrypted Databases
Authors: Espiritu Zachary , Markatou Evangelia Anna , Tamassia Roberto
Published: August 2022

We present ARQ, a systematic framework for creating cryptographic schemes that handle range aggregate queries (sum, minimum, median, and mode) over encrypted datasets. Our framework does not rely on trusted hardware or specialized cryptographic primitives such as property-preserving or homomorphic encryption. Instead, ARQ unifies structures from the plaintext data management community with existing structured encryption primitives. We prove how such combinations yield efficient (and secure) constructions in the encrypted setting. We also propose a series of domain reduction techniques that can improve the space efficiency of our schemes against sparse datasets at the cost of small leakage. As part of this work, we designed and implemented a new, open-source, encrypted search library called Arca and implemented the ARQ framework using this library in order to evaluate ARQ’s practicality. Our experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the schemes derived from ARQ in comparison to prior work.
Privately Connecting Mobility to Infectious Diseases via Applied Cryptography
Authors: Bampoulidis Alexandros , Bruni Alessandro , Helminger Lukas , Kales Daniel , Rechberger Christian , Walch Roman
Published: August 2022

Recent work has shown that cell phone mobility data has the unique potential to create accurate models for human mobility and consequently the spread of infected diseases [74]. While prior studies have exclusively relied on a mobile network operator’s subscribers’ aggregated data in modelling disease dynamics, it may be preferable to contemplate aggregated mobility data of infected individuals only. Clearly, naively linking mobile phone data with health records would violate privacy by either allowing to track mobility patterns of infected individuals, leak information on who is infected, or both. This work aims to develop a solution that reports the aggregated mobile phone location data of infected individuals while still maintaining compliance with privacy expectations. To achieve privacy, we use homomorphic encryption, validation techniques derived from zero-knowledge proofs, and differential privacy. Our protocol’s open-source implementation can process eight million subscribers in 70 minutes.
The Financial Challenges of Parents of a Child with Autism in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Biruk Befkadu  , E. Adamek Margaret , Ero Debebe
Published: August 2022

Little is known about the financial challenges of autism. This study looks into the financial challenges faced by parents of a child living with autism in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Twelve in-depth interviews and four key informant interviews were held with the professionals in Joy and Nehemiah Autism Centers. The participants were selected via the convenience sampling method. The data were transcribed and analyzed through thematic data analysis. All the participants underlined that caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires extra cost, attention, and effort. Most of the participants complained about the financial burden in relation to the cost of fulfilling the basic needs (high cost of food and clothing), transportation, and medical expenses. The system has to proactively work to address the financial and other concerns of the parents. The service is limited and unsatisfactory compared to the need. On the service provision, the government should try and address the different unmet needs and challenges of these children and their parents by providing proper attention and financial support
The Lingering Challenges of Underdevelopment in Africa’s and Nigeria: The Root Causes, Impacts and Panacea
Authors: OLADIMEJI SOGO OSEWA
Published: August 2022

The underdevelopment of Africa’s and Nigeria is neither natural nor solely  caused by internal contradictions, such as corruption, bad leadership, embezzlement of public funds as argued by some political science scholars even though the aforementioned internal factors plays a very devastating roles on the issue of underdevelopment in Africa. However, Andre G. Frank argued that the Europe and Africa’s were developing at a different pace, until the Europe came and distorted the development of Africa, the idea which Frank called development of underdevelopment in Africa. Nevertheless, it is germane to expose the fact that the underdevelopment of Africa’s and Nigeria was caused or could be traced to internal and external factors such as bad leadership, corruption and highhandedness etc. as the internal factors on one hand, and slavery, colonialism and imperialism, deceptive politics of exploitation of Africa’s surplus values as the external factors on the other hand. However, this paper examined the external causes of underdevelopment in Africa’s and Nigeria, and examined the pattern or process through which the Europe underdeveloped Africa’s and Nigeria. This paper adopted the relative deprivation theory as a model to explaining how Africa’s and Nigeria were deprived of her development, and how her resources were exploited by the Europe, hence, underdevelopment of Africa’s and Nigeria. This paper also adopted the secondary methods of data gathering, as valuable data were retrieved from articles, textbooks, newspapers and internets materials, as those data collected are used to validate the arguments of this study. This paper finally proffers sustainable solutions on how to fall out of the devastating challenges of underdevelopment ravaging Africa’s and Nigeria.
Introductory Technology as It Impacts Modern Society in The World
Authors: Maiwada Umar Danjuma
Published: August 2022

Technology may be defined as the tangible and immaterial things created either by application or mental and physical work in order to achieve a goal. Technological education, from the other side, does not concentrate on a certain job path but rather on providing fundamental technical skills. As a result, while all technical education programmes are technical in nature, not all technical education programmes are vocational in nature. This subtle relationship explains the interchangeable usage of both names in scholarly literature. According to Nigeria's national education plan, technical education is focused on the development of highly technological human resources with the goal of producing a national pool of skilled and self-sufficient artisans, technicians, including technicians in technical and vocational fields. Education is just a "par excellent" tool for national development in the world. Non-governmental groups, communities, and people have all actively participated, as has the government. As a result, it is vital for the country to articulate clearly and unequivocally the philosophy and aims that motivate its investment in education. That was what the National Education Policy wants to achieve. According to the study's findings, one of most endemic difficulties militating against participants' performance throughout introductory Technology are really a lack of training infrastructure, a shortage of teaching staff, insufficient discovering, a vast curriculum, poor appreciation and compensation, as well as inefficient guardian and counseling center.
Comparative study on venous and capillary blood collection for estimation of glucose
Authors: PRIYA GEETHA , KRISHNAN VISHAKHA , POOJA S , MANIKANDAN VYSHNAV
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  
Diabetes is a chronic condition caused by a malfunction of the pancreas to secrete enough insulin resulting in two conditions: hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Glucometer is used for home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM). In the present study, out of 100 patients, the difference between venous and capillary blood glucose difference is very little i.e, 2.48 g/dl by using a glucometer. The study supports the view that venous blood glucose measurements can also be used as a substitute for capillary derived specimens in the management of non-critically ill patients. Sometimes, healthcare providers shall be cautious of pseudo-hypo/hyperglycemia where the capillary blood glucose does not correlate with venous plasma glucose. Evidence-based treatment decisions shall help diabetes management in such a scenario.
Keywords: Glucose, capillary, venous, blood collection
Manufacturing internal control (AFB) smears by PhAS and BAS treated sputum samples
Authors: Vincy Sherafin Jancy , Chandrasekar M
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  
Objective: Internal control smears were prepared using phenol ammonium sulfate (PhAS) and bleach ammonium sulfate (BAS) methods. Methods: A complete of 150 smears were prepared, 80 smears were stained, and two different technologists validated 60 smears. Results: Consistency was found to be true when compared with the quality consistency table for all grades in both methods, and M±2SD was within the boundaries. Conclusion: This study suggests that PhAS and BAS are alternate concentration methods for the preparation of internal control smears.
Keywords: Internal control, PhAS, BAS, sedimentation, grade suspension
Dermatoglyphic patterns and academic performance of college students: a relationship?
Authors: SACHAN KRITI , MALHAN SHEETAL , RASTOGI AKSHITA , JAIN ANSHIKA
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  
Dermatoglyphics is the study of patterns of epidermal ridges and these patterns do not change through entire life and thus are unique features of identification. This study aimed at finding a relation between the dermatoglyphic patterns and the academic performance among the physiotherapy students of Teerthanker Mahaveer University with the sole intent of using these patterns for categorising students into above average, below average and average performance. A total of 100 physiotherapy students of 3rd and 4th year were included in the study (31 male and 69 female). The students were categorised as average, above average and below average performers on the basis of cumulative percentage of end term exams of last 2 years. The dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using the flat-bed scanner method. Students with above average academic performance had prevalence of loop pattern (Whorls 37 %, loops 58 %, arches 4 %) while students with below average academic performance had prevalence of whorl pattern (Whorls 58 %, loops 39 %, arches 2 %) and a negative correlation of ‘atd’ angle to the academic performance was observed. Thus, these patterns may be used as adjunct tool for identifying and differentiate individuals on the basis of academic performance so that different methods and educational strategies may be made a part of the curriculum for enhancing the performance of low scoring individuals.
Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, fingerprint, atd angle, academic performance
Epidemiology of chikungunya in India—a short review.
Authors: BAHADURI MOHAMMAD AMAN , COJANDARAJ LOUIS , KATARIA JUHI
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  
Chikungunya is a viral infection triggered by CHIKV, which belongs to the alphavirus family and is transferred by the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes both  A. aegypti and A.albopictus to humans. During the post-storm season, the transmission of the infection increases due to the increase in the population of the mosquito. It demonstrates the same pathogenicity as dengue fever. The symptoms initiate within 4 and 7 days of the patient being chomped by the CHIKV- infected vector. Symptoms include high fever (40°C/104°F), chills, cerebral pain, regurgitation, joint agony (lower back, lower leg, ankles, wrists, or phalanges), muscle torment, nausea, fatigue rash, and arthralgia. It is thought that the important source, or stockpile, of mosquito Chikungunya infection, is Homo sapiens. In researching the data sets from 1948 to 2017 (69 years), we noted that more cases were recorded for Chikungunya especially from the eastern and western parts of India during the period 1982-2017 in contrast to 1948 -1981 when there was an unremitting increase in the standard temperature. Chikungunya instances began to spike during 1982-2016 when ordinary temperatures had risen to just 29°C. At the temperature (27- 34°C), A. aegypti and A. albopictus, the basic bearers, indicated a greater gnawing frequency, and the most amazing pervasive rodent of chikungunya instances (83.6 per million population) was accounted for in 2006-2017. This review was intended to determine the chikungunya’s status in India and to comprehend the risk factors associated with the growing incidence of chikungunya.
Keywords: Chikungunya, CHIKV, Epidemiology, Makonde plateau, Aedes aegyti, Aedes albopictus
Case series: Moxifloxacin induced hypotension in ischemic heart patients
Authors: Liaqat Ali  , Ahmad Javaid Khan  , Muhammad Sohail  , Hira Muzammil  , Rana Shakeel Ahmad
Published: August 2022

This report represents case series of two severe hypotension and mild allergic reactions associated with oral use of single moxifloxacin tablet 400 mg in known ischemic heart patients. A-60-year old man was received in emergency department of district headquarter hospital with symptoms of dizziness, severe sweating, rashes and itching. These signs and symptoms developed ten minutes after oral intake of tablet moxifloxacin 400 mg. Blood pressure of patient was 100/70 mmHg. A second case of moxifloxacin related syncope developed to 61-year old physician was spontaneously reported by himself. He developed itching, dizziness, chest pain, followed by fell down and got unconscious in 30 minutes after oral intake of 400 mg moxifloxacin tablet. Patient was brought to emergency of a teaching hospital. Blood pressure of patient was 100/65 mmHg. He was also a patient of ischemic heart disease, hypertension and undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) two years ago. As per FDA guidelines, both of the cases were examples of serious adverse drug events and were certain as per WHO/UMC categorization of adverse drug reactions.
Comparative analysis of antibacterial and antioxidant properties of transdermal preparations containing castor oil
Authors: Kiran Shazadi
Published: August 2022

Medicinal plants play vital role in preservation of healthy human life. In these medicinal plants Ricinus communis has great importance that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is found all over Pakistan. Castor Oil obtained from this plant is highly useful in Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, and Unani system of medicines as a fertilizer, fungicidal, antibacterial, cathartic and purgative. It also used as a labor pain inducer and as an ingredient in many cosmetics products for preventing wrinkles, fight acne, as a moisturizing ingredient, soothing the sunburn and reduce inflammation of skin. Method: Two types of transdermal patches were formulated, one containing combination of castor oil and acetone emulsion A while other formulation emulsion B was contain castor oil, acetone and antioxidants i.e. Vitamin C and E. Both formulations were evaluated by in vitro for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Results: The outcomes indicated that transdermal patch containing emulsions A have TPC 136, TFC 59.8, reducing power assay 74%, DPPH 75% of inhibition. Transdermal patch containing emulsion B have TPC 150, TFC 77.23, reducing power assay 51%, DPPH 61.90% of inhibition in vitro antibacterial activity showed that castor oil + acetone emulsion containing patches showed 4 µg/ml MIC for E. coli and 2 µg/ml MIC for S. Aureus. For, vivo testing, these transdermal patches was applied on skin wounds of rabbits to study its wound healing activity. Conclusion: It was concluded that transdermal patch containing emulsions B have more efficacies in wound healing then patches A at the end of 20 days.
Preparation, components and application of magnetic nanoparticles: A review
Authors: Amjad Kanza
Published: August 2022

In the recent past, the targeted drug delivery has gained attention for various advantages. Among which magneticnanoparticles are most important offering local drug delivery, reduced side effects and controlled drug release forprolonged period of time minimizing problems of healthy tissue damage, drug wastage. An approach was made here to review the concept of magnetic nanoparticles, their components, coating material used, there methods ofpreparation and characterization techniques. This review also deals with the routes of administration as well as thebiomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Challenges faced in magnetic drug delivery due to limitations ofmagnetic nanoparticles have also been addressed.
Prescription trends of doctors against cardiovascular system diseases
Authors: Devis Mariam , Ain Qurat ul , Tariq Maryam
Published: August 2022

There are number of complications that make discomfort to the human body. But it seems particularly serious whenrelated to cardiac functions. The purpose of study is to investigate the prescription trend among the prescribers forcardiovascular diseases. Prescription of cardiac patients contain medications that are necessary to manage thecardiac complication and also consist of medication that prevent the patient from further problems like aspirin is use to prevent myocardial infarction. Required data was extracted from the prescriptions and then evaluated. Collected data was categorized on the basis of generics prescribed to the different cardiac patients. Then found out how many times a generic was prescribed. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel. After evaluation of the prescriptions it was seen that aspirin is most important drug in the prescriptions of heart diseases. It is the mostly prescribed medicine in cardiac patient and it was found in 146 prescriptions out of 150. And least prescribedgenerics were simvastatin and trimetazidine dihydrochloride. We extracted brands from the prescriptions and thentabulated against number of repetitions, then calculate the percentage of repetition of a brand, by dividing repetitions to total collected number of prescriptions, that were 150. it was found that most prescribed brand in heart diseases is ascard that contains aspirin. That prevent the patient from myocardial infarction and heart attack. Health practitioners and patients need to follow standard guidelines for medications to minimize further complication and to ensure a healthy nation.
Lab-on-chip: principle, design, technology and diagnostic targets
Authors: Ali Rubab
Published: August 2022

Lab-on-Chip (LoC) integrates various analyses such as biochemical operations, chemical synthesis, DNA sequencing onto a single chip which otherwise would have been performed in laboratory taking sufficient amount of time. Due to the miniaturization of these biochemical operations, better diagnostic speed, cost efficiency, ergonomy, sensitivity and so on can be achieved. This paper gives the detailed description of Lab-on Chip technology includingits system components. Ongoing worldwide research projects based on LoC technology have been investigated andvarious constraints that need to be fulfilled for designing a LoC system are presented. The biomedical applicationsof LoC in different fields like in diagnostics, cellomics, in environmental studies to control the effect of pathogens,to check the food quality have also been discussed. The current open research issues of this technology along withthe possible future research scope in the biomedical area have been presented.
Formulation of extended release orphenadrine citrate tablets to treat muscle spasm and pain
Authors: Amber  , Zunaira Imtiaz  , Amina Kanwal  , Iqra Akram  , Kanwal Latif
Published: August 2022

Objective: Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. It presentsin the form of citrate and HCl salts which are used in treatment of the symptoms of mild Parkinson's disease andalso it is used as adjuvant with other drugs in the therapy. Method: Many trials were made to formulate orphenadrine citrate as tablet using wet granulation or direct compression technique in order to get a satisfactoryformula through studying the effect of various factors such as binders, diluents and disintegrants types. The bestformula was obtained by using poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder also the results indicated that starch andmannitol gave acceptable physical properties to the tablets when they were used as diluents. At the same time, theresults showed that avicel which was used as a disintegrant gave an acceptable disintegration and dissolution time in comparison with the reference tablet DISIPAL. In addition, the selected formula was used to study the effect ofmethod of incorporation of disintegrant on the physical properties of tablets. Result: It was found that theintragranular incorporation resulted in a shorter disintegration and dissolution times. The stability of orphenadrinecitrate prepared tablets was also studied upon storage at 50C, 60C and 70C for four months. Conclusion: Theoverall results of this study indicate that the drug can be prepared as tablets, which fit the requirements of BritishPharmacopoeia since the prepared tablets gave satisfactory results.
Review of lab diagnosis in modern era, current instruments used for diagnosis of hepatitis
Authors: Mahrukh  , Shabia Anjum  , Safa  , Sana Maryum
Published: August 2022

Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem, particularly in developing countries due to its persistent circulationin the environment. The improved sanitary condition, increase in awareness of personal hygiene and otherprecautionary measures have led to the marked reduction in transmission of hepatitis. There are various causes fordifferent types of hepatitis. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are more prevailing types of hepatitis. Various types ofdiagnostic tests are being performed including serologic tests (to detect antibody in serum) and molecular tests (toanalyze biological markers in the genome and proteome), which vary with the type of hepatitis. The development ofdetection techniques possessing the requisite sensitivity and specificity for the practical routine monitoring purposesis of great importance necessary for the protection of public. Mostly PCR and ELISA are used for performingdiagnostic tests. PCR are very expensive techniques and used by higher labs and hospitals.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles loaded with antimicrobial agent
Authors: Kanza Amjad  , Muhammad Naeem Aamir  , Muhammad Akram Choohan  , Ume Habiba  , Saif Ur Rehman
Published: August 2022

Background: Bacterial infections are an important cause of serious health issues worldwide. Various antibacterial drugs have been developed but they have numerous side effects. Development of drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles will help to achieve targeted drug delivery while sustaining the release of drug. It will also enhance its antibacterial activity by using iron oxide. Method: Drug loaded iron oxide nanoparticles were developed to sustain and enhance the antibacterial activity of drug. Chitosan was used as a polymer. The method adopted to prepare magnetic nanoparticles was co-precipitation. Formulated magnetic nanoparticles were tested for drug release, surface morphology, antibacterial activity and FTIR. Results: It was observed from the findings that both formulations were effectively loaded with drugs. It was also found that the release of drug levofloxacin was sustained over a period of 48 hrs. The SEM results showed the semi spherical nanoparticles effectively loaded with drug. FTIR spectrum revealed characteristic peaks related to functional groups. Raman spectroscopy showed characteristic bands of both drugs and drug loaded iron oxide nanoparticles. Antibacterial assay results showed an enhanced antibacterial activity by using iron oxide nanoparticles Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that magnetic nanoparticles could be one of the best approaches to load antibacterial drugs while sustaining and enhancing their antibacterial activity
Comparison of health care delivery system between Pakistan and Singapore
Authors: Rashida Jabeen  , Lal Bux  , Sadia Rashid  , Rukhsana Kousar
Published: August 2022

Background: Health assumes a noteworthy job in people's life and in reestablishing this, human services arrangement of a country contributes its significant part. As indicated by World Wellbeing Association wellbeing framework is characterized as "every one of the exercises whose basic role is to advance, reestablish or potentially look after wellbeing". This paper essentially depicts the medicinal services conveyance arrangement of Pakistan and Singapore, investigation of both the human services frameworks and examines a portion of the suggestions so as to improve social insurance segment of Pakistan. In this paper, examination of medicinal services framework among Pakistan and Singapore is chosen since Global benchmarking loans further trustworthiness to Singapore's fine record. The Financial Specialist Insight Unit (2014) positions its wellbeing framework the subsequent best (after Japan) out of 166 on the planet. Additionally, the Bloomberg Social Insurance Effectiveness File 2017 positions it second best among 55 nations. Objective: Comparison of health care delivery system between Pakistan and Singapore. Methods: Literature review used for study. Through this examination and investigation, we can Improve Human services conveyance arrangement of Pakistan by utilizing apparatuses and methods utilized in Singapore. Study is about Correlation of medicinal services conveyance framework, various difficulties, shortcomings in wellbeing arrangements and suggestions to improve social insurance arrangement of Pakistan. Conclusion: Medicinal services segment is significant for any nation which legitimately influences the economy of nation. On the off chance that there would be solid labor there would be increment in the efficiency and therefore the economy of the nation will likewise observe an expansion that prompts human welfare.
Public Expenditure Return as A Proposed Accounting Concept for The Disclosure of Social Performance of Governmental Sector
Authors: Mohamed Tamera Samy Hosny
Published: August 2022

Although the primary goal of the governmental sector is a social goal that is to raise the level of social welfare of citizens, the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) did not regulate the process of recognition and accounting disclosure of financial information which enables of the evaluation social performance of this sector, the reason of that is the lack of a scientific concept that can be measured and disclosed as a financial information – in the governmental sector – express the social benefits obtained by citizens as a result of the public expenditure done by the governmental sector units. The researcher proposed the concept of public expenditure return as an expression of those benefits, which are considered as social revenue for governmental sector units, to be disclosed through an independent financial statement called the social performance statement. It must be approved as a financial statement that must be prepared by governmental sector units in addition to the four financial statements stipulated in IPSAS 1 which are represented in the statement of: (Financial Position – Financial Performance Change in net assets – financial flows).
The Effect of an Infant’s Mother’s Parenting Stress and Her Perception of Father’s Parenting Participation on Parent Role Satisfaction
Authors: Cho Ha Yeon , Lee Ju Rhee
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study investigates the effect of parenting stress on mothers of infants and the participation of fathers in raising the infants as perceived by the mothers, and a mother’s satisfaction of her role as a paerent. The infant stage is a period change, and the mothers go through a lot of stress during the stage. We will explore the ways to improve the role satisfaction in parents considering that it is a major change in their lives.Methods: Participants comprised 159 mothers of infants who agreed to participate in the study. They answered questionnaires on parenting stress, fathers’ parenting participation, and satisfaction in parents’ role. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to understand the influence.Results: The results revealed that the parent’s role satisfaction as perceived by a mother was significantly related to her parenting stress and the father’s participation in parenting. The lower the parenting stress and the higher the father’s participation in parenting, the higher was the parent’s role satisfaction. In particular, it was found that the negative interaction between parents and children, and the life factors of fathers, had a direct effect.Conclusion: This study explores how the parenting stress in mothers of infants and the participation of fathers as perceived by mothers affect the mother’s satisfaction with her role as a parent. It is necessary to find ways to reduce the stress of the mothers raising infants in order to increase their role satisfaction, and fathers need to take an active part in nurturing the infant.
Lebensmittelqualität im wohlgeordneten Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaftsrecht
Authors: Olbrisch Mathias
Published: August 2022

This work conveys the regulatory environment as well as fundamental structures, case law and current developments of the digital age for the marketing of quality food in the intersection of public law and private law. It illuminates B2B and B2C trade relations along integrated value chains and elaborates legal structures of quality labelling that underlie different forms of food marketing. At the same time, it offers a legal treatment of quality management systems, industry guidelines and an instructive overview of possible forms of branding.