bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Search for Laser Emission with Megawatt Thresholds from 5600 FGKM Stars
Authors: Tellis Nathaniel K. , Marcy Geoffrey W.
Published: May 2017

We searched high-resolution spectra of 5600 nearby stars for emission lines that are both inconsistent with a natural origin and unresolved spatially, as would be expected from extraterrestrial optical lasers. The spectra were obtained with the Keck 10 m telescope, including light coming from within 0.5 arcsec of the star, corresponding typically to within a few to tens of astronomical units of the star, and covering nearly the entire visible wavelength range from 3640 to 7890 Å. We establish detection thresholds by injecting synthetic laser emission lines into our spectra and blindly analyzing them for detections. We compute flux density detection thresholds for all wavelengths and spectral types sampled. Our detection thresholds for the power of the lasers themselves range from 3 kW to 13 MW, independent of distance to the star but dependent on the competing “glare” of the spectral energy distribution of the star and on the wavelength of the laser light, launched from a benchmark, diffraction-limited 10 m class telescope. We found no such laser emission coming from the planetary region around any of the 5600 stars. Because they contain roughly 2000 lukewarm, Earth-size planets, we rule out models of the Milky Way in which over 0.1% of warm, Earth-size planets harbor technological civilizations that, intentionally or not, are beaming optical lasers toward us. A next-generation spectroscopic laser search will be done by the Breakthrough Listen initiative, targeting more stars, especially stellar types overlooked here including spectral types O, B, A, early F, late M, and brown dwarfs, and astrophysical exotica.
The Great Solar Active Region NOAA 12192: Helicity Transport, Filament Formation, and Impact on the Polar Field
Authors: McMaken Tyler C. , Petrie Gordon J. D.
Published: May 2017

The solar active region (AR), NOAA 12192, appeared in 2014 October as the largest AR in 24 years. Here we examine the counterintuitive nature of two diffusion-driven processes in the region: the role of helicity buildup in the formation of a major filament, and the relationship between the effects of supergranular diffusion and meridional flow on the AR and on the polar field. Quantitatively, calculations of current helicity and magnetic twist from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) vector magnetograms indicate that, though AR 12192 emerged with negative helicity, positive helicity from subsequent flux emergence, consistent with the hemispheric sign-preference of helicity, increased over time within large-scale, weak-field regions such as those near the polarity inversion line (PIL). Morphologically, Atmospheric Imaging Assembly observations of filament barbs, sigmoidal patterns, and bases of Fe xii stalks initially exhibited signatures of negative helicity, and the long filament that subsequently formed had a strong positive helicity consistent with the helicity buildup along the PIL. We find from full-disk HMI magnetograms that AR 12192's leading positive flux was initially closer to the equator but, owing either to the region’s magnetic surroundings or to its asymmetric flux density distribution, was transported poleward more quickly on average than its trailing negative flux, contrary to the canonical pattern of bipole flux transport. This behavior caused the AR to have a smaller effect on the polar fields than expected and enabled the formation of the very long neutral line where the filament formed.
The Influence of Atomic Diffusion on Stellar Ages and Chemical Tagging
Authors: Dotter Aaron , Conroy Charlie , Cargile Phillip , Asplund Martin
Published: May 2017

In the era of large stellar spectroscopic surveys, there is an emphasis on deriving not only stellar abundances but also the ages for millions of stars. In the context of Galactic archeology, stellar ages provide a direct probe of the formation history of the Galaxy. We use the stellar evolution code MESA to compute models with atomic diffusion—with and without radiative acceleration—and extra mixing in the surface layers. The extra mixing consists of both density-dependent turbulent mixing and envelope overshoot mixing. Based on these models we argue that it is important to distinguish between initial, bulk abundances (parameters) and current, surface abundances (variables) in the analysis of individual stellar ages. In stars that maintain radiative regions on evolutionary timescales, atomic diffusion modifies the surface abundances. We show that when initial, bulk metallicity is equated with current, surface metallicity in isochrone age analysis, the resulting stellar ages can be systematically overestimated by up to 20%. The change of surface abundances with evolutionary phase also complicates chemical tagging, which is the concept that dispersed star clusters can be identified through unique, high-dimensional chemical signatures. Stars from the same cluster, but in different evolutionary phases, will show different surface abundances. We speculate that calibration of stellar models may allow us to estimate not only stellar ages but also initial abundances for individual stars. In the meantime, analyzing the chemical properties of stars in similar evolutionary phases is essential to minimize the effects of atomic diffusion in the context of chemical tagging.
New Insight on the Origin of the Double Red Clump in the Milky Way Bulge
Authors: Joo Seok-Joo , Lee Young-Wook , Chung Chul
Published: May 2017

The double red clump (RC) observed in the Milky Way bulge is widely interpreted as evidence for an X-shaped structure. We have recently suggested, however, an alternative interpretation based on the multiple population phenomenon, where the bright RC is from helium-enhanced second-generation stars (G2), while the faint RC is representing first-generation stars (G1) with normal helium abundance. Here, our RC models are constructed in a large parameter space to see the effects of metallicity, age, and helium abundance on the double RC feature. Our models show that the luminosity of RC stars is mainly affected by helium abundance, while the RC color is primarily affected by metallicity. The effect of age is relatively small, unless it is older than 12 Gyr or much younger than 6 Gyr. The observed double RC feature can therefore be reproduced in a relatively large parameter space, once ΔY between G2 and G1 is assumed to be greater than ∼0.10. We further show that the longitude dependence of the double RC feature at

, which was pointed out by Gonzalez et al. as a potential problem of our model, is well explained in our scenario by a classical bulge embedded in a tilted bar.
Falling Outer Rotation Curves of Star-forming Galaxies at 0.6 ≲ z ≲ 2.6 Probed with KMOS3D and SINS/zC-SINF
Authors: Lang Philipp , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. , Genzel Reinhard , Wuyts Stijn , Wisnioski Emily , Beifiori Alessandra , Belli Sirio , Bender Ralf , Brammer Gabe , Burkert Andreas , Chan Jeffrey , Davies Ric , Fossati Matteo , Galametz Audrey , Kulkarni Sandesh K. , Lutz Dieter , Mendel J. Trevor , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Naab Thorsten , Nelson Erica J. , Saglia Roberto P. , Seitz Stella , Tacchella Sandro , Tacconi Linda J. , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Übler Hannah , van Dokkum Pieter G. , Wilman David J.
Published: May 2017

We exploit the deep, resolved, Hα kinematic data from the KMOS3D and SINS/zC-SINF surveys to examine the largely unexplored outer-disk kinematics of star-forming galaxies (SFGs), out to the peak of cosmic star formation. Our sample contains 101 SFGs, representative of the more massive (

) main sequence population at 0.6 ≤ z ≤ 2.6. Through a novel stacking approach, we are able to constrain a representative rotation curve extending out to ∼4 effective radii. This average rotation curve exhibits a significant drop in rotation velocity beyond the turnover, with a slope of

in units of normalized coordinates V/V
max and R/R
turn. This result confirms that the fall-off seen in some individual galaxies is a common feature of our sample of high-z disks. The outer fall-off strikingly deviates from the flat or mildly rising rotation curves of local spiral galaxies that have similar masses. Through a comparison with models that include baryons and dark matter, we demonstrate that the falling stacked rotation curve is consistent with a high mass fraction of baryons, relative to the total dark matter halo (m
d ≳ 0.05), in combination with a sizeable level of pressure support in the outer disk. These findings agree with recent studies demonstrating that high-z star-forming disks are strongly baryon-dominated within the disk scale, and furthermore suggest that pressure gradients caused by large, turbulent gas motions are present even in their outer disks. These results are largely independent of our model assumptions, such as the presence of stellar bulges, the effect of adiabatic contraction, and variations in halo concentration.
Simulations of Fractal Star Cluster Formation. I. New Insights for Measuring Mass Segregation of Star Clusters with Substructure
Authors: Yu Jincheng , Puzia Thomas H. , Lin Congping , Zhang Yiwei
Published: May 2017

We compare the existent methods, including the minimum spanning tree based method and the local stellar density based method, in measuring mass segregation of star clusters. We find that the minimum spanning tree method reflects more the compactness, which represents the global spatial distribution of massive stars, while the local stellar density method reflects more the crowdedness, which provides the local gravitational potential information. It is suggested to measure the local and the global mass segregation simultaneously. We also develop a hybrid method that takes both aspects into account. This hybrid method balances the local and the global mass segregation in the sense that the predominant one is either caused by dynamical evolution or purely accidental, especially when such information is unknown a priori. In addition, we test our prescriptions with numerical models and show the impact of binaries in estimating the mass segregation value. As an application, we use these methods on the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) observations and the Taurus cluster. We find that the ONC is significantly mass segregated down to the 20th most massive stars. In contrast, the massive stars of the Taurus cluster are sparsely distributed in many different subclusters, showing a low degree of compactness. The massive stars of Taurus are also found to be distributed in the high-density region of the subclusters, showing significant mass segregation at subcluster scales. Meanwhile, we also apply these methods to discuss the possible mechanisms of the dynamical evolution of the simulated substructured star clusters.
Neuroscience for content innovation on European public service broadcasters
Authors: Crespo-Pereira Verónica , Martínez-Fernández Valentín-Alejandro , Campos-Freire Francisco
Published: May 2017

The new media landscape is characterized by the fragmentation and disaffection of the audience towards The new media landscape is characterized by the fragmentation and disaffection of the audience towards traditional television. Such a context requires innovative strategies to meet the needs of the public and connect with it. This article analyses the ability of Neuroscience to optimize the production of content adapted to audiences. For this purpose, a review of management and economic reports and corporate websites of the European public broadcasters (N=100) was carried out, as well as the evolution of the audience in the period 2010-15. Also, an exploratory analysis and in-depth interviews with open and closed questionnaires was undertaken. The data collect the opinion of neuroscientific experts, Neuromarketing consultants, academics and professionals in European public television (N=22) on the usefulness and introduction of this science for audience research, its possible application in programming, and the role of Neuroeducation in the design of educational programmes. The findings determine that almost a dozen public service media in Europe are already applying audiovisual Neuromarketing as an incipient and innovative tool to test entertainment programmes, commercial spaces and competitiveness improvement strategies. However, it has not been implemented in educational content, which is a core mission of public broadcasters.

El nuevo panorama mediático, caracterizado por la fragmentación y desafección de las audiencias hacia la televisión tradicional, urge la incorporación de innovadoras estrategias que atiendan a las demandas de sus públicos y conecten con ellos. El presente artículo analiza la capacidad de la Neurociencia para optimizar la producción de contenidos adaptados a las preferencias de los espectadores y comprueba la introducción de esta metodología en las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas. Para ello se realizó una revisión de los informes de gestión, memorias de cuentas y webs de las radiotelevisiones públicas estatales y regionales de la Unión Europea (N=100) así como de la evolución de sus audiencias de 2010-15. Complementariamente, a partir de un análisis exploratorio y de entrevistas en profundidad con cuestionario abierto y cerrado, se recogió la opinión de expertos neurocientíficos, consultores de Neuromarketing, académicos y profesionales de la televisión pública europea (N=22) sobre la utilidad e introducción de esta ciencia para el estudio de las audiencias y su aplicación en la programación, y el rol de la Neuroeducación en el diseño de programas educativos. Los resultados determinan que cerca de una docena de RTV públicas ya aplican el Neuromarketing audiovisual como herramienta innovadora para probar y diseñar productos de entretenimiento, bloques comerciales y estrategias de mejora de la competitividad frente a su implementación en la programación educativa, encomienda principal del servicio público.
Le non chez l’adolescent adopté : une conjugaison de facteurs propices au développement de conduites d’opposition
Authors: Le Run Jean-Louis , Weber Margot
Published: May 2017

L’opposition est un comportement courant à l’adolescence, témoin du processus d’affirmation de soi et de la recherche d’indépendance. Les assises narcissiques qui se forment pendant la petite enfance sont particulièrement sollicitées à cet âge. Elles constituent un filtre narcissique protégeant de l’envahissement par l’objet ou de ses carences. Lorsqu’elles sont défaillantes, l’opposition peut prendre un tour pathologique et contraignant, pénalisant l’inscription familiale et sociale. Cette occurrence est fréquente chez les adolescents adoptés. Les auteurs soulignent les raisons pour lesquelles la situation d’adoption est source de fragilisation des assises narcissiques tant primaires que secondaires. L’opposition a pour effet de convoquer impérieusement l’objet tout en le maintenant à distance et relève du jouir de l’emprise sur l’objet plutôt que du jouir du partage avec l’objet. L’analyse de deux histoires cliniques d’adolescents adoptés permet de dégager quelques aspects de cette problématique. Affrontement narcissique du fait de l’alcoolisme et de la dépression maternelle pour l’une en l’absence de régulation paternelle, refus scolaire et développement d’une identité négative en réponse à une situation familiale traumatique bouleversant le statut identitaire de l’adolescent pour l’autre. Dans ces deux situations, le « travail du négatif » au sens de Green est souligné.
Dispositifs participatifs et asymétries de pouvoir : expliciter et interroger les positionnements
Authors: Barnaud Cécile , d’Aquino Patrick , Daré William’s , Mathevet Raphaël
Published: May 2017

Si de nombreux auteurs dénoncent le manque de prise en compte des asymétries de pouvoir entre les acteurs dans les processus participatifs, plus rares sont ceux qui abordent la question du comment, à savoir comment prendre en compte ces asymétries de pouvoir dans la mise en œuvre d’un processus participatif ? Cette question implique pour les porteurs de ces processus (chercheurs ou professionnels de la participation) de réfléchir à leur positionnement vis-à-vis de ces asymétries, et donc d’interroger un certain nombre de présupposés théoriques voire idéologiques, souvent inconscients et rarement formulés. Revendiquent-ils une certaine neutralité, une absence de parti pris, au risque de participer à une simple reproduction voire à un renforcement des asymétries de pouvoir initiales ? Revendiquent-ils au contraire une non-neutralité, en choisissant de renforcer la voix des acteurs ou des points de vue les moins influents, au risque de voir questionnée leur légitimité à intervenir ainsi sur les rapports de force au sein d’une société ? Dans cet article, nous présentons un outil que nous avons développé, un test destiné à faire expliciter aux porteurs de processus participatifs leur positionnement vis-à-vis des asymétries de pouvoir. Nous l’avons soumis à une cinquantaine de chercheurs et professionnels de la participation. L’analyse des résultats nous a permis de mettre en évidence cinq grands types de positionnements dont la cohérence interne renvoie à différentes façons de concevoir la légitimité de leur intervention.
Loi d’adaptation de la société au vieillissement : un pas pour la transition démographique
Authors: Delaunay Michèle
Published: May 2017

Michèle Delaunay, ancienne ministre déléguée chargée des Personnes âgées et de l’Autonomie de 2012 à 2014, a porté la loi du 28 décembre 2015 relative à l’adaptation de la société au vieillissement. Elle revient ici sur les principales initiatives et mesures de cette loi de programmation et d’orientation.
Three Different Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Measurement Methods for Assessing Capillary Density Changes in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Pedinielli Alexandre , Bonnin Sophie , Sanharawi Mohamed El , Mané Valérie , Erginay Ali , Couturier Aude , Tadayoni Ramin
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare capillary density (CD) changes assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) during diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression using three previously published methods: binarization, skeletonization, and automated flow density (AFD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective study of 98 eyes of 74 patients with diabetes and 18 control eyes imaged using OCTA. The macular CD at each stage of DR was assessed using the three methods and were compared to control eyes.

RESULTS:

AFD was the only method that detected differences between controls and severe nonproliferative DR eyes. The three methods showed a significant difference in CD between controls and eyes with proliferative DR, except for the “fovea” area.

CONCLUSION:

Only one of the three methods allowed for the detection of changes from the normal capillary density as early as at the “severe nonproliferative DR” stage due to several refinements from the basic technique.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:378–384.]
A Modified Perfluoro-n-octane-Assisted Autologous Internal Limiting Membrane Transplant for Failed Macular Hole Reintervention: A Case Series
Authors: Ozdek Sengul , Baskaran Prabu , Karabas Levent , Neves Pedro Pereira
Published: May 2017

The authors describe a modified perfluoro-n-octane (PFO)-assisted autologous internal limiting membrane (ILM) transplantation technique for macular hole (MH) reintervention and present results from a series of 11 patients. The authors harvested a free ILM flap and transplanted it into the MH under a PFO bubble. The time at which PFO is injected, the extent of coverage of PFO, and the sequence of fluid-air exchange (FAE) are crucial to overcome previously described technical difficulties of relieving the flap from forceps, stabilizing the flap into the MH, and prevention of flap dislodgement during FAE. A successful U-shaped closure was observed in 10 of 11 cases (90.9%). One case (9.1%) showed flat open closure. The postoperative visual gain was statistically significant (
P
= .01).

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:416–420.]
Blesteča krvomočnica (Geranium lucidum L.), novost v flori slovenskega dela Julijskih Alp / Geranium lucidum L., a novelty in the flora of Slovenian part of the Julian Alps
Authors: Trnkoczy Amadej , Dakskobler Igor
Published: May 2017

Opisujemo nova nahajališča vrste Geranium lucidum v Trnovskem gozdu in njeno nenavadno pojavljanje v dolini zgornje Soče med vasema Soča in Trenta v Julijskih Alpah. V Trnovskem gozdu so njena nahajališča skalnati altimontanski bukovi gozdovi, ki jih uvrščamo v asociacijo Isopyro-Fagetum, deloma tudi meliščne združbe, v spodnjem delu doline Trente pa ruderalizirana travišča in kamnite groblje v bližini človekovih bivališč oz. med prometnico in reko Sočo. Menimo, da so ta nahajališča najbrž sekundarna ali subs- pontana. Njena semena bi v Trento lahko prinesla divjad (jelenjad), lahko je bilo vsebovano v mešanicah zemlje okrasnih rastlin, manj verjetno tudi v krmi za konje v času prve svetovne vojne ali v materialu za vzdrževanje cest. Drugod v Sloveniji podobnega subspontanega pojavljanja te vrste do zdaj niso opisali, v svetovnem merilu pa je zanjo znano invazivno širjenje zunaj naravnega areala. Ključne besede: Geranium lucidum, nitrofilne ruderalne združbe, Trenta, Julijske Alpe, Triglavski narodni park, Slovenija  New localities of Geranium lucidum in Slovenia are de- scribed. They are located in the Trnovski Gozd region and surprisingly in a rather dislocated locality in the Trenta Val- ley between villages Soča and Trenta (the Julian Alps). In the Trnovski Gozd Plateau the species grows in stony altimontane beech forests, classified into the associaton Isopyro-Fagetum, partly also in scree communities. In the Trenta Valley we found it on partly ruderal grassland and on a stone and rock heap, both close to a human dwelling and a regional road. We assume these localities to be secundary or subs- pontaneous. Different potential ways (means) of introduction of the plant are discussed. The most probable agent seems to be large mammal game (particularly red-dear, Cervus elaphus) and as less probable option we presume by seed infected soil of purchased horticultural plants. It appears quite improbable that the seeds have been introduced by materials used in maintaining works of the road or during the First World War in large amounts of hay needed to feed numerous army horses and mules present on nearby front lines. Similar subspontaneous occurrences of this species in Slovenia are so far unknown, although in global scale the species is known as invasive and spreading. Key words: Geranium lucidum, nitrophilous ruderal communities, Trenta, Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia
Razvoj patentiranega brezpilotnega sistema za vzorčenje iz drevesnih krošenj / Development of a patented unmanned aerial vehicle based system for tree canopy sampling
Authors: Finžgar Domen , Bajc Marko , Brezovar Jernej , Kladnik Andraž , Capuder Rok , Kraigher Hojka
Published: May 2017

Potreba po vzorčenju v drevesnih krošnjah je prisotna v številnih panogah znotraj bioloških znanosti, npr. v gozdarstvu, botaniki, fitopatologiji idr. V tem prispevku smo pregledali značilnosti uveljavljenih načinov vzorčenja v drevesnih krošnjah in pregledali stanje tehnike na področju vzorčevalnikov nameščenih na brezpilotnih letalnikih. Predstavili smo patentiran sistem Lucanus za vzorčenje iz drevesnih krošenj z brezpilotnimi letalniki, ki je plod lastnega razvoja, in ga primerjali z uveljavljenimi načini vzorčenja in konkurenčnim sistemom vzorčenja z brezpilotnimi letalniki. Na podlagi primerjave smo ugotovili, da sistem Lucanus in koncept vzorčenja z brezpilotnimi letalniki v veliki meri odpravljata pomanjkljivosti uveljavljenih načinov vzorčenja iz drevesnih krošenj saj je njegova uporaba varnejša za vzorčevalca, vzorčenje je natančno, selektivno in hkrati ne povzroča nepotrebnih poškodb vzorčenih dreves. Ključne pomanjkljivosti sistema Lucanus so zahteva po visoki izurjenosti upravljalca in relativno kratka avtonomija. Ključne besede: vzorčenje, drevesne krošnje, patent, drone, UAV, robotska roka, daljinsko upravljanje, EUFORINNOCollection of samples in tree canopies is a common requirement within a variety of disciplines e.g., forestry, botany, phytopathology, etc. Established approaches to collecting samples in tree canopies and state of the art in the field of sampling in tree canopies with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were reviewed. A novel and patented UAV based sys- tem for sampling in tree canopies, Lucanus, was presented and its capabilities compared to the established sampling approaches and a competitive UAV based system. Based on this comparison it was concluded that Lucanus, and UAV based approach to sampling in tree canopies in general, largely overcomes the shortcomings of the established sampling approaches as it offers greater safety for the operator, increased selectivity and accuracy, and reduces the level of unnecessary damage of the sampled tree. Key shortcomings of the Lucanus system include the requirement for a highly trained operator and a relatively short endurance. Key words: sampling, patent, tree canopy, drone, UAV, robotic arm, remotely controlled devices, EUFORINNO
Magnesium and phosphorus distributions in developing tartary buckwheat cotyledons / Razporeditev magnezija in fosforja v razvijajočih se kličnih listih tatarske ajde
Authors: Pongrac Paula , Kump Peter , Budič Bojan , Vogel-Mikuš Katarina
Published: May 2017

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) is a gluten-free pseudocereal with good mineral element composition of grain. In particular, Tartary buckwheat grains have greater magnesium (Mg) concentration than ce- real grains. In (pseudo)cereal grain, Mg is bound to phytic acid, a phosphorus (P)-rich compound responsible for poor availability of Mg in the diet. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in cell-type specific distribution of Mg and P in cotyledons of Tartary buckwheat grain and in 5-day-old and 8-day-old sprouts. Low-energy-X-ray-fluorescence map- ping revealed considerable co-localisation of Mg and P in globoid-like structures in cotyledons. In the grain these globoid-like structures were numerous and appeared in mesophyll cells of the cotyledons. In 5-day-old sprouts less Mg-P co-localisation was seen in mesophyll cells. In 8-day-old sprouts co-localisation of Mg and P was less confined to globoid-like structures in the mesophyll cells indicating the degradation of these globoids and release of Mg, presumably for different metabolic processes that occur during seedling development. The extent to which Mg release from phytic acid in sprouts correlates with the bioavailability of Mg during digestion remains to be investigated. Keywords: Fagopyrum tataricum, X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy, sprouts, phytic acid, germinationTatarska ajda (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) je nepravo žito, ki ne vsebuje glutena in ima za prehrano ugodno mineralno sestavo. Zrnje tatarske ajde vsebuje na primer več magnezija (Mg) kot zrna pravih žit. V zrnju pravih, kot nepravih žit, je Mg močno vezan na fitinsko kislino, organsko spojino, ki je zgrajena iz velikega števila atomov fosforja (P). Omenjena vezava je odgovorna za slabo topnost Mg in slabo biodostopnost Mg v prehrani. Namen študije je bil ovrednotiti spremembe v razporeditvi Mg in P v razvijajočih se kličnih listih tatarske ajde. Preučevali smo klične liste v zrnu, v pet in osem dni starih kalicah tatarske ajde. S pomočjo nizko-energijske rentgensko fluorescenčne mikrospektroskopije smo na celičnem nivoju v kličnih listih zrn potrdili močno kolokalizacijo Mg in P v globoidnih strukturah. V kličnih listih pet dni starih kalic se je stopnja kolokalizacije zmanjšala in globoidne strukture so bile manj številne. Stopnja kolokalizacije v kličnih listih osem dni starih kalic se je še dodatno zmanjšala, kar je nakazovalo na razgradnjo kompleksov fitinske kisline in Mg, verjetno kot posledica metabolnih potreb kalice po Mg. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, s katerimi bi ovrednotili povezavo med postopnim sproščanjem Mg s fitinske kisline v kalicah in biodostopnostjo Mg v prebavilih. Ključne besede: Fagopyrum tataricum, rentgensko fluorescenčna mikro-spektroskopija, kalice, fitinska kislina, kalitev
Uporaba dvo-fotonskega konfokalnega mikroskopa za raziskovanje encimske aktivnosti ektomikoriznih gliv in analiza slik s programom ImageJ / Use of two-confocal mycroscopy for research of enzymatic activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi and image analysis with
Authors: Štraus Ines , Kreft Marko , Kraigher Hojka
Published: May 2017

Simbioza med ektomikoriznimi glivami in gozdnimi drevesi prispeva k rasti dreves in delovanju ekosistema. Ektomikorizne glive so razvile visoko diferencirane strukture, ki omogočajo različne načine privzemanja hranilnih snovi in transport le teh do korenin. Aktivnost fosfataz v mikoriznih glivah omogoča dostopnost fosfatnih spojin v tleh, do katerih rastline sicer nimajo dostopa. V raziskavi smo analizirali aktivnost na površino hif vezane fosfataze (SBP) mikoriznih gliv pri sadikah bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.) in predstavili metodo za zajemanje in analizo slik fosfatazne aktivnosti. Uporabili smo dvofotonski konfokalni laserski mikroskop LSM 7 MP, ki omogoča zajemanje slik od površine mikoriznega plašča skozi mikorizni plašč vse do površine koreninskih celic. Koreninske vršičke smo obarvali s komercialnim barvilom ELF® 97. Slike smo analizirali s prosto dostopnim programom ImageJ. V članku smo pod- robno opisali postopek analize in predstavili prednosti in slabosti izbrane metode. Ključne besede: na površino vezana fosfataza, eksploracijski tipi, fosfat, ELF® 97, bukevThe ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of forest trees contributes to the function of ecosystem and tree growth. The symbiotic organs of ectomycorrhiza (ECM) are highly differentiated structures differing in nutrient uptake, transfer capacities and ability to promote tree growth. In the present study surface-bound phosphatase activity (SBP) was analyzed on ectomycorrhiza of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.). The method for images acquisition and their analysis was discussed. Two-photon confocal laser scanning microscope LSM 7 MP was used to study spatial distribution of SBP enzymatic activity in various thicknesses of ECM mantle in intact (non-sectioned) ECM root tips. ELF® 97 was used for staining phosphatase enzymes. Images were analyzed using the freely available program ImageJ. In this article, we describe in detail the analysis procedure and the advantages and disadvantages of the method. Key words: surface-bound phosphatase, exploration types, phosphate, ELF® 97, beech
Concentration of proteins, beta-glucans, total phenols and antioxidant capacity of Slovenian samples of barley / Vsebnost proteinov, beta-glukanov, skupnih fenolov in antioksidativna vrednost slovenskih vzorcev ječmena
Authors: Bonafaccia Giovanni , Merendino Nicolò , Bonafaccia Francesco , Molinari Romina , Galli Vincenzo , Pravst Igor , Škrabanja Vida , Luthar Zlata , Golob Aleksandra , Germ Mateja
Published: May 2017

Four Slovenian barley samples were analyzed for the content of the ash, proteins, β-glucans and total polyphenols; and for the antioxidant capacity by two methods. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. For the comparison, four foreign barley commercial samples were analyzed, three of German origin and one from Italy. Slovenian samples had equal or lower content of ash, proteins and β-glucans in comparison to foreign samples. A Slovenian barley sample from Šalovci, Prekmurje had the highest content of β-glucans, namely 5.73% in dry weight (DW). The results obtained by both methods of the determination of antioxidant capacity showed significant correlation with the total polyphenols content. Key words: Hordeum, barley, beta-glucans, phenols Štiri vzorce ječmena iz Slovenije smo analizirali na vsebnost pepela, beljakovin, β-glukanov in skupnih fenolov. S pomočjo dveh metod smo tudi ugotavljali antioksidativno zmogljivost. Antioksidantivna zmogljivost je bila določena z zmanjšanjem antioksidativne sposobnosti železa (metoda FRAP) in s sposobnostjo absorbance kisikovega radikala (metoda ORAC). Za primerjavo smo analizirali štiri komercialne vzorce tujega ječmena, tri nemške in enega iz Italije. Slovenski vzorci so imeli enako ali nižjo vsebnost pepela, beljakovin in β-glukanov v primerjavi s tujimi. Vendar je slovenski vzorec ječmena iz Šalovcev (Prekmurje) vseboval najvišjo vsebnost β-glukanov, in sicer 5,73% suhe teže (DW). Rezultati obeh metod določanja antioksidativne kapacitete so bili primerljivi in so pokazali pomembno povezavo z vsebnostjo celokupnih fenolov. Ključne besede: Hordeum, ječmen, beta-glukani, fenoli
The perception of lexical stress in words within a sentence
Authors: Llisterri Joaquim , Machuca María J. , Ríos Antonio , Schwab Sandra
Published: May 2017

The acoustic and perceptual correlates of stress in Spanish have been usually studied at the word level, but few investigations have considered them in a wider context. The aim of the present work is to assess the role of fundamental frequency, duration and amplitude in the perception of lexical stress in Spanish when the word is part of a sentence. An experiment has been carried out in which the participants (39 listeners, 20 from Costa Rica and 19 from Spain) had to identify the position of the lexical stress in words presented in isolation and in the same words embedded in sentences. The stimuli in which the position of the stress was not correctly identified have been acoustically analysed to determine the cause of identification errors. Results suggest that the perception of lexical stress in words within a sentence depends on the stress pattern and on the relationship between the values of the acoustic parameters responsible for the prominence of the stressed vowel and those corresponding to the adjacent unstressed vowels.
La portentosa vida de la Muerte, de fray Joaquín Bolaños: un texto apocalíptico y milenarista
Authors: Serna Arnaiz Mercedes
Published: May 2017

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo desenmascarar las claves ideológicas de La portentosa vida de la Muerte, texto colonial del siglo XVIII, escrito por fray Joaquín Bolaños, un fraile franciscano nacido en Michoacán y afincado en México. Aunque el ensayo tiene como motivo principal plantear y demostrar la hipótesis por la cual esta obra –escrita a raíz de los sucesos y de los cambios sociales e históricos de finales del XVIII–, se vale del humorismo y del uso retórico del temor a la muerte como pretexto para moralizar y predicar con el fin de que la población lleve una vida honesta de acuerdo con los preceptos de la doctrina cristiana, apreciamos tras la escritura de su autor, un pensamiento apocalíptico cercano al joaquinismo o al milenarismo. Asimismo, recalamos en otros rasgos no menos importantes de La portentosa vida de la Muerte como la apología a la orden franciscana o el temor de su autor ante el racionalismo y el laicismo de la época.
Naturales, vecinos y extranjeros en el ejercicio de cargos públicos y oficios. Buenos Aires (ciudad y campaña), 1812-1815
Authors: Salvatto Fabricio Gabriel , Banzato Guillermo
Published: May 2017

En este artículo nos proponemos analizar la situación jurídica y política de los extranjeros que ocupaban cargos públicos y ejercían oficios en el Río de la Plata entre 1812 y 1815, a partir de documentos originales de la época. Demostramos que los derechos del natural y de vecino fueron los principales ejes sobre los que se continuaron planteando las prácticas políticas. En Buenos Aires, las cartas de ciudadanía se otorgaban discrecionalmente según lo resuelto por las autoridades y de acuerdo con las necesidades de la revolución.
Universidad e Hispanidad. Tres décadas de trayectorias entrecruzadas del ministro José Ibáñez Martín y el catedrático exiliado Mariano Ruiz-Funes
Authors: Saorín Pérez Tomás , Blasco Gil Yolanda
Published: May 2017

Presentamos la lucha desde el exilio intelectual republicano contra dos de las políticas del franquismo, la reforma de la universidad y la apropiación del término de hispanidad para los fines propagandísticos y proselitistas del nuevo régimen. Estas cuestiones son tratadas a partir de las trayectorias profesionales y vitales de dos políticos destacados, Mariano Ruiz-Funes y José Ibáñez Martín, desde sus inicios en la provincia de Murcia durante la década de 1920, en la cátedra de derecho penal uno y de enseñanza secundaria el otro, su militancia política, los servicios en misiones internacionales durante la guerra y, finalmente, la actividad de uno en la Unión de Profesores Universitarios Españoles en el Extranjero y del otro en el nuevo Ministerio de Educación Nacional y el Instituto de Cultura Hispánica. Centraremos el análisis tanto en los documentos publicados, como en los conservados en los archivos privados de ambos, y que reflejan el conflicto entre las dos Españas.
Ajuste de los aceros corrugados ferríticos, austeníticos y austenoferríticos a los modelos de endurecimiento elastoplástico por deformación
Authors: Hortigón Beatriz , Gallardo José M. , Nieto-García Enrique J. , López José A.
Published: May 2017

Uno de los principales factores tenidos en cuenta en la fabricación de aceros estructurales es su comportamiento durante la fase elastoplástica o de endurecimiento por deformación. Normas neozelandesas y sudafricanas plantean diversas aproximaciones teóricas para describir dicho comportamiento en el caso de los aceros inoxidables. En el campo de la construcción resulta de interés la descripción del comportamiento tenso-deformacional de los aceros corrugados utilizados en las estructuras de hormigón armado. En este artículo se discuten los modelos planteados en las normas citadas anteriormente así como los existentes en la literatura tanto para los aceros corrugados inoxidables como para los aceros al carbono fabricados mediante el proceso denominado TEMPCORE® Los aceros TEMPCORE® analizados arrojan un valor del exponente de endurecimiento por deformación según el modelo de Hollomon de 0.17. Los aceros inoxidables austeníticos se ajustan mejor al modelo de Rasmussen presentando un exponente de valor 6 realizando un ajuste libre de la función correspondiente. Para los aceros inoxidables Dúplex se obtienen muy bajos ajustes para los dos modelos citados.
Evaluating the Risks Associated with Supply Chain Agility of an Enterprise
Authors: Ganguly Anirban , Chatterjee Debdeep , Rao Harish V.
Published: May 2017

In the present day, business environment marked by intense competition and uncertainties, the ability of an organization and its supply chain to respond quickly to an unforeseen change in the business environment forms the key to its sustenance in the market. Since an agile supply chain comprises of a plethora of components, it is imperative that there should be a set of uncertainties associated with its functioning. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a set of critical risks associated with the agility of an organization's supply chain. Identification and prioritization of the risks to assess their relative criticality form the backbone of the research process. This research is expected to aid the decision-makers develop robust risk management strategies as related to their organizational supply chain agility, thereby ensuring their growth and sustainability in the market.
A Learning-based Neural Network Model for the Detection and Classification of SQL Injection Attacks
Authors: Sheykhkanloo Naghmeh Moradpoor
Published: May 2017

Structured Query Language injection (SQLi) attack is a code injection technique where hackers inject SQL commands into a database via a vulnerable web application. Injected SQL commands can modify the back-end SQL database and thus compromise the security of a web application. In the previous publications, the author has proposed a Neural Network (NN)-based model for detections and classifications of the SQLi attacks. The proposed model was built from three elements: 1) a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) generator, 2) a URL classifier, and 3) a NN model. The proposed model was successful to: 1) detect each generated URL as either a benign URL or a malicious, and 2) identify the type of SQLi attack for each malicious URL. The published results proved the effectiveness of the proposal. In this paper, the author re-evaluates the performance of the proposal through two scenarios using controversial data sets. The results of the experiments are presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of accuracy, true-positive rate as well as false-positive rate.
Using Data Mining Techniques to Discover Patterns in an Airline's Flight Hours Assignments
Authors: Martín Francisco Javier Villar , Sequera Jose Luis Castillo , Huerga Miguel Angel Navarro
Published: May 2017

The quality of a company's information system is essential and also its physical data model. In this article, the authors apply data mining techniques in order to generate knowledge from the information system's data model, and also to discover and understand hidden patterns within data that regulate the planning of flight hours of pilots and copilots in an airline. With this objective, they use Weka free software which offers a set of algorithms and visualization tools geared to data analysis and predictive modeling of information systems. Firstly, they apply clustering to study the information system and analyze data model; secondly, they apply association rules to discover connection patterns in data; and finally, they generate a decision tree to classify and extract more specific patterns. The authors suggest conclusions according these information system's data to improve future decision making in an airline's flight hours assignments.
Research on Coordination Mechanism and Low-Carbon Technology Strategy for Agricultural Product Supply Chain
Authors: Changchun Liu
Published: May 2017

As the future orientation of economic and agricultural development, low-carbon agriculture is devoted to reducing the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions during the agriculture production. So, it's urgent to take some actions to transit from the current high carbon economy to a low-carbon and high resource efficient economy. This paper examines a two-echelon agricultural product supply chain with a producer and a processor and the market demand is influenced by the retail price and the level of low-carbon technology. The optimal solutions in the decentralized and centralized agricultural product supply chain with or without low-carbon technology are studied. To make the decentralized agricultural product supply chain perform as well as the centralized agricultural product supply chain, the coordination mechanism of the low-carbon supply chain that few of papers focused explicitly on is designed. Finally, extensive numerical experiments are conducted to study the behaviors of supply chain members.
Process of Personalizing the Ubiquitous Advertisements
Authors: Noura Abdaoui , Ismahène Hadj Khalifa , Sami Faiz
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we propose an approach combining behavioral and targeting techniques for a better reaction of the customer with a star product using a personalized ubiquitous advertisement. We use the clustering to study the customer's behavior and the association rules to estimate the probability of star product's purchases in the near future. In order to validate our approach, we develop a prototype to send a personalized advertisement to loyal customers and potential customers in ubiquitous environment. Each target receives the advertising according his classification and his degree of loyalty obtained by the behavioral analysis. Loyal customers are the first to receive the personalized advertising in the ubiquitous environment.
Reducing Risk by Segmentation
Authors: Todinov Michael Todorov
Published: May 2017

The paper provides analysis of the various mechanisms through which the segmentation improves reliability and reduces technical risk and presents a classification of risk-reduction techniques based on segmentation. On the basis of theoretical arguments and examples, it is demonstrated that segmentation increases the tolerance of components to flaws causing local damage, reduces the rate of damage accumulation and damage escalation and reduces the hazard potential. The paper also demonstrates that segmentation essentially replaces a sudden failure on a macro-level with gradual deterioration of the system on a micro-level through non-critical failures. It is demonstrated that segmentation can even reduce the likelihood of a loss from opportunity bets and the likelihood of erroneous conclusion from imperfect tests. Finally, a comprehensive classification of methods and techniques for reducing risk, based on segmentation, has been proposed.
Gli uccelli della provincia di Novara (Piemonte, Italia): distribuzione, abbondanza e stato di conservazione
Authors: Casale Fabio , Rigamonti Ettore , Ricci Marco , Bergamaschi Luca , Cennamo Raffaele , Garanzini Angelo , Mostini Leonardo , Re Alessandro , Toninelli Valentina , Fasola Mauro
Published: May 2017

In questo lavoro viene riportato un elenco commentato degli uccelli noti per la provincia di Novara (1.340 km2) aggiornato al 31/12/2016 e vengono forniti dati di sintesi relativi alle attività di monitoraggio condotte in anni recenti (2009-2016). I dati sono stati raccolti sia attraverso revisione bibliografica sia attraverso attività di ricerca diretta sul campo. L’avifauna della provincia di Novara annovera o ha annoverato (dal 1860 al 2016) 304 specie delle quali 135 nidificanti certe o probabili in tempi recenti (dopo il 2000), 85 di interesse comunitario (Allegato I della Direttiva “Uccelli”), 116 SPEC - Species of European Conservation Concern secondo BirdLife International e 53 inserite nella European Red List of Birds. L’area è di importanza europea e/o nazionale per la nidificazione di specie di interesse conservazionistico quali Egretta garzetta (650-1.100 nidi), Nycticorax nycticorax (200-300 nidi), Botaurus stellaris (5-7 maschi cantori), Ciconia nigra (1-2 coppie), Ciconia ciconia (4-6 coppie), Himantopus himantopus (300-500 coppie), Vanellus vanellus (500-600 coppie), Columba oenas (20-30 coppie), nonché per la migrazione di Philomachus pugnax (5.000-7.000 ind.) e Tringa glareola (500-1.500 ind.). Negli ultimi anni (2009-2016) si segnalano in particolare: la nidificazione accertata per la prima volta nel Novarese di Ardea alba, Galerida cristata e Lullula arborea; il ritorno di Burhinus oedicnemus e Chlidonias niger in periodo riproduttivo dopo decenni di assenza; la colonizzazione da parte di Dryocopus martius degli ambienti forestali di collina e di pianura.