bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
British Jewry and the Holocaust: With a New Introduction
Authors: Bolchover Richard
Published: December 2021

How did British Jewry respond to the Holocaust, how prominent was it on the communal agenda, and what does this response tell us about the values, politics, and fears of the Anglo-Jewish community? This book studies the priorities of that community, and thereby seeks to analyse the attitudes and philosophies which informed actions. It paints a picture of Anglo-Jewish life and its reactions to a wide range of matters in the non-Jewish world. The book charts the transmission of the news of the European catastrophe and discusses the various theories regarding reactions to these exceptional circumstances. It investigates the structures and political philosophies of Anglo-Jewry during the war years and covers the reactions of Jewish political and religious leaders as well as prominent Jews acting outside the community's institutional framework. Various co-ordinated responses, political and philanthropic, are studied, as are the issues which dominated the community at that time, namely internal conflict and the fear of increased domestic antisemitism: these preoccupations inevitably affected responses to events in Europe. The latter half of the book looks at the ramifications of the community's socio-political philosophies including, most radically, Zionism, and their influence on communal reactions. The book raises major questions about the structures and priorities of the British Jewish community.
Juvenal Satires
Authors: Godwin John
Published: December 2021

Juvenal's fourth book of Satires consists of three poems which are all concerned with contentment in various forms. The poems use humour and wit to puncture the pretensions of the foolish and the wicked, urging an acceptance of our lives and a more positive stance towards life and death by mockery of the pompous and comic description of the rich and famous. In Satire 10, Juvenal examines the human desire to be rich, famous, attractive and powerful and dismisses all these goals as not worth striving for. In Satires 11 and 12, he argues for the simple life which can deliver genuine happiness rather than risking the decadence of luxury and the perils of sea-travel and legacy-hunting. Self-knowledge and true friendship are the moral heart of these poems; but they are also complex literary constructs in which the figure of the speaker can be elusive and the ironic tone can cast doubt on the message being imparted. The Introduction places Juvenal in the history of Satire and also explores the style of the poems as well as the degree to which they can be read as in any sense documents of real life. The text is accompanied by a literal English translation and the commentary is keyed to important words in the translation and aims to be accessible to readers with little or no Latin. It seeks to explain both the factual background to the poems and also the literary qualities which make this poetry exciting and moving to a modern audience.
Internal-current Lorentz-force Heating of Astrophysical Objects
Authors: Chyba Christopher F. , Hand Kevin P.
Published: December 2021

Two forms of ohmic heating of astrophysical secondaries have received particular attention: unipolar-generator heating with currents running between the primary and secondary, and magnetic induction heating due to the primary’s time-varying field. Neither appears to cause significant dissipation in the contemporary solar system. But these discussions have overlooked heating derived from the spatial variation of the primary’s field across the interior of the secondary. This leads to Lorentz-force-driven currents around paths entirely internal to the secondary, with resulting ohmic heating. We examine three ways to drive such currents, by the cross product of (1) the secondary’s azimuthal orbital velocity with the nonaxially symmetric field of the primary, (2) the radial velocity (due to nonzero eccentricity) of the secondary with the primary’s field, or (3) the out-of-plane velocity (due to nonzero inclination) with the primary’s field. The first of these operates even for a spin-locked secondary whose orbit has zero eccentricity, in strong contrast to tidal dissipation. We show that Jupiter’s moon Io today could dissipate about 600 GW (more than likely current radiogenic heating) in the outer 100 m of its metallic core by this mechanism. Had Io ever been at 3 Jovian radii instead of its current 5.9, it could have been dissipating 15,000 GW. Ohmic dissipation provides a mechanism that could operate in any solar system to drive inward migration of secondaries that then necessarily comes to a halt upon reaching a sufficiently close distance to the primary.
Two-dimensional WSe2 flakes under high power optical excitation
Authors: Brekhov Kirill A. , Lavrov Sergey D. , Kudryavtsev Andrey V. , Ilyin Nikita A.
Published: December 2021

Quasi-2D layers of transition metal dichalcogenides are promising candidates for creating saturable absorbers for pulsed lasers. However, the peculiarities of intense electromagnetic radiation’s influence on such structures have not been thoroughly studied. This paper explores the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in WSe2 flakes through experimental studies. These studies found that WSe2 flakes significantly change their optical properties under the influence of a high-power optical pump, allowed estimating the thermalization time of these structures (about 2 ps), and found that full relaxation takes more than 10 ps. The concentration of carriers in the semiconductor surface layer was estimated to be about 1028 m–3. It was found that standard description models of the optical response based on exciton resonances and absorption by free carriers could not adequately describe the experiments’ results. Thus, for an accurate description of the optical response, it was necessary to consider the effects associated with Coulomb screening that are caused by the high concentration of photo-excited carriers of the optical pumping densities used in this experiment.
Inhibition ofAspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production by natamycin
Authors: Chang P. , Tai B. , Zheng M. , Yang Q. , Xing F.
Published: December 2021

Aspergillus flavus causes huge crop losses, reduces crop quality and has adverse effects on human and animal health. A large amount of food contaminated with aflatoxin can greatly increase the risk of liver cancer. Therefore, prevention and control of aflatoxin production have aroused attention of research in various countries. Natamycin extracted fromStreptomyces spp. has been widely used in production practice due to its good specificity and safety. Here, we found that natamycin could significantly inhibit fungal growth, conidia germination, ergosterol and AFB1 production byA. flavus in a dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that the number of conidia was decreased, the outer wall of conidia was destroyed, and the mycelia were shrivelled and tangled by natamycin. RNA-Seq data indicated that natamycin inhibited fungal growth and conidia development ofA. flavus by significantly down-regulating some genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, such asErg13,HMG1 andHMG2. It inhibited conidia germination by significantly down-regulating some genes related to conidia development, such asFluG andVosA. After natamycin exposure, the decreased ratio ofaflS/aflR caused by the down-regulation of all the structural genes, which subsequently resulted in the suppression of AFB1 production. In conclusion, this study served to reveal the inhibitory mechanisms of natamycin on fungal growth and AFB1 biosynthesis inA. flavus and to provide solid evidence for its application in controlling AFB1 contamination.
Application of Genetic Algorithm for Binary Optimization of Microstrip Antennas: A Review
Authors: Jayasinghe Jeevani W. ,   Department of Electronics, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka
Published: December 2021

Researchers have proposed applying optimization techniques to improve performance of microstrip antennas (MSAs) in terms of bandwidth, radiation characteristics, polarization, directivity and size. The drawbacks of the conventional MSAs can be overcome by optimizing the antenna parameters while keeping a compact configuration. Applying a global optimizer is a better technique than using a local optimizer or a trial and error method for performance enhancement. This paper discusses genetic algorithm (GA) optimization of microstrip antennas presented by the antenna research community. The GA optimization procedure, antenna parameters optimized by using GA and the optimization objectives are presented by reviewing the literature. Further, evolution of GA in the field of MSAs and its significance are explored. Application of GA optimization to design broadband, multiband, high-directivity and miniature antennas is demonstrated with the support of several case studies giving an insight for further developments in the field.
B-spline estimation in varying coefficient models with correlated errors
Authors: Liu Yanping ,   School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Yin Juliang
Published: December 2021

The varying coefficient model assumes that the regression function depends linearly on some regressors, and that the regression coefficients are smooth functions of other predictor variables. It provides an appreciable flexibility in capturing the underlying dynamics in data and avoids the so-called "curse of dimensionality" in analyzing complex and multivariate nonlinear structures. Existing estimation methods usually assume that the errors for the model are independent; however, they may not be satisfied in practice. In this study, we investigated the estimation for the varying coefficient model with correlated errors via B-spline. The B-spline approach, as a global smoothing method, is computationally efficient. Under suitable conditions, the convergence rates of the proposed estimators were obtained. Furthermore, two simulation examples were employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach and the necessity of considering correlated errors.
La denominación como operación lingüística humana en Parménides
Authors: Aguirre de la Luz Nazyheli
Published: December 2021

Como han puesto en evidencia los trabajos de varios estudiosos en las últimas décadas, en Parménides hay una reflexión más consciente que en sus predecesores sobre la relación tripartita entre realidad, pensamiento y lenguaje. El presente estudio, que parte de las investigaciones de Woodbury (1958 y 1986) sobre el uso de ὀνόματα y de ὀνομάζω en el poema de Parménides, ofrece un nuevo y más amplio análisis de las cuatro referencias explicitas al establecimiento de nombres (Parm. 28 B 8.38-41; B 8.53-56; B 9.1 ss.; B 19.3 DK), sobre las que desarrolla una interpretación de tipo semiótico que busca hacer patente el papel que desempeña el lenguaje en la propuesta epistemológica del pensador eleático. En especial, se pone de relieve cómo la crítica de Parménides a la vía de las δόξαι βροτῶν no estaría necesariamente conectada con su postura convencionalista sobre el lenguaje, sino con la identificación de una falla en el proceso cognitivo de clasificación de la realidad por parte de los mortales.
Estudio diacrónico de animum inducere e in animum inducere: convergencias y diferencias
Authors: Baños José Miguel
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las características semánticas y sintácticas, la frecuencia de empleo y la evolución diacrónica de dos construcciones con verbo soporte semánticamente similares pero sintácticamente distintas: animum inducere e in animum inducere (‘tomar una decisión’, ‘decidir’, ‘considerar’). Para explicar su origen, diferencias y evolución, se ponen en relación con otras construcciones como animum aduertere, in animo habere e in animo esse.
Annual Mortality Limit for Four Gull Species in the Atlantic Flyway
Authors: Seamans Mark E. , Dwyer Chris
Published: December 2021

We estimated the allowable annual take of great black-backed gulls Larus marinus, herring gulls L. argentatus, ring-billed gulls L. delawarensis, and laughing gulls Leucophaeus atricilla in the U.S. portion of the Atlantic Flyway to help meet human safety and resource management goals. Gulls can pose a serious threat to aviation, negatively impact other colonial-nesting migratory bird species, and conflict with other human activities. We estimated an annual take limit using a model that incorporated intrinsic population growth rate, minimum population size, and a recovery factor for each species. We estimated intrinsic population growth by combining allometric with life table approaches. We used the recovery factor to restrict the take level of the great black-backed gull beyond that of the other species because of poor data quality and concern about its population status. The herring gull was the only species with comprehensive demographic data. Population sizes used in estimating potential take limit varied greatly among the four species, but estimates of intrinsic population growth rate were similar (range 0.118 to 0.197). The annual potential take limits for the four gull species were 7,963 for herring gulls, 2,081 for great black-backed gulls, 15,039 for laughing gulls, and 14,826 for ring-billed gulls. Comparing average annual take from 2012–2019 to our modeled potential take limit, overharvest has not occurred for great black-backed and laughing gulls, occurred once every 8 y for ring-billed gulls, and occurred over half the time for herring gulls.
Nurses’ Efforts to Maintain Competence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rahmah Nur Miladiyah , Hariyati Rr. Tutik Sri , Sahar Junaiti
Published: December 2021

Background

The clinical competence of nurses should be maintained to ensure patient safety. Competence is the integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Nurse competency also improves the quality of nursing care and reduces the incidence of missed nursing care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurses maintaining a nurse competence system in hospitals through continuing education.

Design and Methods

The research method used was qualitative phenomenological research, and the data was collected through an in-depth interview which was consist of six participants.

Results

The results of the research were 1) continuing professional development to maintain the competence, 2) credentialing system in the career ladder system, 3) missed care still occurred in the implementation of nursing services 4) nurses had hopes that managers supported the efforts to maintain competence through continuing professional development.

Conclusions

Nurse managers are expected to improve the supervision program to maintain clinical competence and decrease missed care.
Use of Universal Behavior Management Techniques for Child Dental Patients by Final Year Dental Therapy Students in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Onyejaka Nneka K. , Aballa Nkechi A. , Nwamba Njideka P. , Olatosi Olubukola O.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Behavior management techniques are employed to allay fears and to ensure maximum cooperation during the course of treatment of children.

Objectives:

This study assessed the knowledge and use of universal behavior management techniques (UBMT) for children by final year dental therapy students in Enugu, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 167 final year dental therapy students attending Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy (FCDTT), Enugu, Nigeria. Data on sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and use of the UBMT were collected using questionnaires. Reasons for choice of techniques were also collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA), and the effect of all significant factors was inferred at P < 0.05.

Results:

Students aged 19 to 29 years participated in the study, and the mean age was 22.65 ±2.47years. More females (111 [66.5%]) than males (57 [33.5%]) participated in the study. Many (110 [65.9%]) of the final year students were aware of the “tell-show-do” technique, whereas a few (26 [15.6%]) were aware of the “desensitization” technique. Many (110 [56.9%]) also used the “tell-show-do” technique, whereas seven (4.2%) used the desensitization technique. There was significant association between age, use of the “positive reinforcement” technique (P = 0.02), and “ease of use” as a reason affecting the choice of UBMT (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Most final year dental therapy students were aware of UBMT, but there was a varied level of knowledge of the different techniques among them. “Tell-show-do” was the most common technique known and it was used by the study participants. Age was associated with use of the “positive reinforcement” technique, whereas “ease of use” affected the choice of UBMT.
Evaluating Nongovernmental Organization–led Community Mobilizers in Health Promotion, Immunization Campaigns, and Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance
Authors: Gadanya Muktar A. , Alo Chihurumnanya , Umar Amina A. , Ahmad Kabiru A. , Afolaranmi Tolulope , Adeloye Davies , Garba Rayyan M. , Dabo Bashir
Published: December 2021

Community mobilization, partnership, and surveillance are regarded as key elements in various polio eradication activities. Several nongovernmental organizations have led community mobilizers (CMs) in different aspects of the polio eradication campaigns, and their effectiveness shows mixed findings. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the role of CMs in polio eradication activities. Literature searches were conducted using a combination of key words to find relevant published studies up to 30 November 2020. The 27-item Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist addressing the various components of systematic review was adhered to. A total of 1627 articles were identified by the search, with 65 articles passing the title/abstract and full text reviews, and with four additional articles obtained from references of articles included (making a total of 69 articles). Of these 69 articles involved in the review, 24 (five reviews and 19 original articles) focused largely and explicitly on CMs and were included in the full review. The rest (45) discussed CMs in a broader context, hence they were summarized based on part 1 of the data extraction form only. The findings of the review indicated that although CMs’ instrumental role in health promotion and supporting immunization is consistent for all the reviewed studies, their role in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case detection is limited. The role of CMs, other actors in community-based surveillance, and health education needs to be further strengthened, particularly in high-risk communities where routine immunization and AFP surveillance are much needed.
A Study on Fetal Intracardiac Echogenic Foci
Authors: Philip Saji , Philip Shalom Elsy , Vaideeswar Pradeep , Singh U. P.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study is to determine the frequency, location, and delineation of the echogenicity of intracardiac echogenic foci (ICEF) and to ponder the possible etiology of ICEF.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective study of 2445 referred cases in second and third trimester for fetal cardiac ultrasound scan from 2010 to 2020, targeted for ruling out congenital heart disease were evaluated and analyzed in detail for ICEF. Further postnatal follow-up was done in 64 cases of ICEF till 7 years of age to see the natural course. Histopathology was performed from one case of fetal autopsy at 19 weeks of gestation for further correlation.

Results:

Among the fetal cardiac ultrasound cases, 323 (13.2%) showed ICEF (95% confidence interval 11.9–14.6). Majority of these ICEF (96%) were in the left ventricular cavity, and then both ventricles (3%) and remaining in right ventricle and all were located within the papillary muscles. On follow-up of 66 postnatal cases, ICEF had resolved in 97% by 5 years of age. Only two cases reported to have congenital heart disease. No chromosomal anomalies was associated in any case. Histopathology of fetal heart specimen in one case revealed myxomatous degeneration at the apices of the papillary muscle.

Conclusion:

Frequency of single ICEF is much higher in the left ventricle, and it is invariably located within the upper third of the anterior papillary muscle in such cases. As the gestational age advances, ICEF can resolve in utero, and further complete resolution is seen by 1–7 years of postnatal life. Variability in the echogenicity could be part of transformation of myxomatous tissues to fibrosis or microcalcification. In this study, ICEF have no particular association with congenital heart disease or chromosomal association.
Actin gamma 1 is a critical regulator of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Yichen , Peng Xuehui , Huang Xiaobing , Li Jing
Published: December 2021

Background:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for about 90% of pancreatic cancers, which represents one of the most lethal malignancies with a 5-year overall survival less than 10%. Identifying molecular biomarkers is invaluable in helping to predict clinical outcomes and developing targeted chemotherapies. Actin gamma 1 (ACTG1) is a kind of actin isoform that exists in almost all cell types as a component of the cytoskeleton, thus mediating cell viability. Although there have been studies revealing the prognostic significance of ACTG1 in several malignancies such as glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, its involvement and function in pancreatic cancer needs to be elucidated.

Methods:

We retrospectively enrolled a cohort of PDAC patients after surgical resection (n = 149) and conducted immunohistochemistry experiments to explore the expression profile of ACTG1. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the clinical relevance of ACTG1. The functional role of ACTG1 in PDAC progression was further validated via both in vitro and in vivo studies.

Results:

ACTG1 presented a higher expression in PDAC tissues than in nontumorous pancreatic tissues. ACTG1 level positively correlated with tumor stage, implying its potential role as a tumor promoter. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that patients with lower ACTG1 showed a better overall survival compared to those with higher ACTG1 expression. Cellular and xenograft experiments confirmed the role of ACTG1 on facilitating tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

Our study revealed a pro-oncogenic role of ACTG1 in PDAC, which may help predict prognosis and serve as a novel therapeutic target.
Uniform resolvent estimates for the discrete Schrödinger operator in dimension three
Authors: Taira Kouichi
Published: December 2021

In this note, we prove the uniform resolvent estimate of the discrete Schrödinger operator with dimension three. To do this, we show a Fourier decay of the surface measure on the Fermi surface.
Influence of Vehicle Traffic Emissions on Spatial Variation of Ozone and its Precursors in Air of Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Authors: Okon I.E. , Omoniyi K.I. , Paul E.D. , Ekwumemgbo P.A.
Published: December 2021

This study aimed at assessing the influence of vehicle traffic on spatial variation of ozone (O3) and its vehicular emission precursors in the air of Port Harcourt city. Sampling was carried out in ten (10) sites, eight (8) located within the high traffic density area (study sites) and two (2) located within the very low traffic density area (reference sites). The precursor pollutants measured were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCSs). Ozone and the precursor pollutants were measured in situ using AeroQUAL 500 series portable ambient air analyzer while traffic flow survey was achieved by direct counting. Measurements were carried out at morning, evening and off-peak traffic periods respectively. The mean concentrations of ozone and the precursor pollutants were significantly higher (p = 0.05) in the study sites than in the reference sites. Mean concentrations were higher at peak traffic periods than at off-peak traffic periods except for ozone that was higher at off-peak than at morning peak. There was significant correlation between traffic density and each of the pollutants including ozone. The spatial variability in concentration of pollutants was influenced by vehicular traffic. VOCs and NO2 levels were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) limit of 0.05 ppm and 0.04 – 0.06 ppm respectively, O3 concentration was below the standard limit (0.06 ppm) but was at the verge of exceeding. Traffic emission within the city was significant and could be mitigated through regular monitoring and control.
Determination of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Sand Apple Seed Oil with Automotive Gas Oil Blend
Authors: Adeyemi D.T. , Saleh A. , Akande F.B. , Oniya O.O. , Ola F.A.
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the fuel properties of Sand Apple Ethyl Ester (SAEE) and its blends with Automotive Gas Oil (AGO).using eggshell as catalyst. Sand apple seed oil (SASO) obtained was characterized based on America Society for Testing and Material (ASTM D6751) to determine acid value, saponification, iodine content, density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud point and pour point. Sand Apple fruits were processed and oil extracted using solvent extraction method. Raw eggshells were calcined at 800oC for 120 min in the muffle furnace. SAEE was blended with AGO at 5 – 25 % mix. Data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA at P < 0.05 significant level. Cloud and pour points obtained for SASO are 4.68 and 3.09℃ . Flash point was 103℃ which fell within ASTM D93 range indicating that SASO is safe for handling and storage. Heating value was 42.61 MJ/kg, slightly lower than that of diesel oil of 44.8 MJ/kg shows that AGO has ability to produce heat of combustion than SASO. Iodine value was 80.71 g I/100g while acid value was determined to be 2.62 mgKOH/g, which was higher than that of ASTM D6751 of 0.5 mgKOH/g. Sulphur contents for AGO and SASO–AGO blends were 0.006, 0.009, 0.014, 0.016 and 0.004%, respectively. Low sulphur values indicates that hazardous sulphur dioxide emission of SAEE has reduced. This study established that all the properties obtained, except acid value, fell within the ASTM specification and could suitably be compared with those of fossil diesel.
Assessment of Vegetation Structure of the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Habitat in Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Goni I.M. , Agbelusi E.A. , Ogunjemite B.G. , Azeez O.K. , Ogunjinmi A.A. , Odewumi S.O. , Oyeleke O.O.
Published: December 2021

The study assessed the relative abundance and vegetation structure of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) including plant parameters: frequency, diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height, diversity, evenness, richness, Margalef, dominance in Kainji Lake National Park. Point – Centered Quarter method was used for woody species enumeration. A total of twenty-eight (28) randomly sampled plots of 150m by 100m given 112 points per plot were established in the study area. The abundance and distribution, tree frequencies, heights, dbh and plant biodiversity indices were calculated using the Paleontological Statistics Software (PAST) for scientific data analysis. The results revealed that relative abundance of African buffalo in both morning and evening of dry and wet seasons in various habitats of the Park were 13.33 ± 4.41 and 11.33 ± 4.40 respectively. The study showed the highest mean value of 21.75 ± 6.94 representing 87 individuals in dry season compared to wet season with mean value of 15.25 ± 5.11 representing 61 individuals. A total of 91 woody plant species and 29 tree families were recorded in African buffalo habitats representing 80, 77, 68 and 59 tree species respectively. The highest average girth size of tree species was class between >10cm -50cm with 59.14 ± 4.06 and the highest mean tree height was height class of >3 - 10m with 91.43 ± 5.44. There were significant differences at (p<0.05) between the values of dbh, tree height, diversity, richness and evenness of plant species recorded in different habitats studied in the Park.
Impact of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Growth, Yield and Nodulation on Two Accessions of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
Authors: Mshelmbula B.P. , Ogale E. , Bello S. , Kana H.A. , Sulayman M.Y. , Allahnana M.H. , Sirajo S.A.
Published: December 2021

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most ancient crops known to man and is grown across various climatic zones, most commonly in the dry savanna regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this work was therefore to investigate the impact of Gibberelic acid on the growth and yield of cowpea. Field experiments was conducted during the 2019 rainy season at the Botanical Garden of Federal University of Lafia. The cowpea accessions were submerged into various concentrations of GA3 (90mg/L, 120mg/L, and 150mg/L). The results showed varying response of the accessions in varying GA3 concentrations. Both Accessions (TVU-1 and TVU-4) recorded no significant difference across all treatments in the number of flowers. In TVU-1 accession, the least concentration, 90mg/L recorded the highest number of flowers (0.22) at 12(WAP); while in TVU-4, the seeds exposed to the highest concentration recorded the highest number of flowers. Similar result was observed in the number of pods of both accessions (TVU-1 and TVU-4) were there was no significant difference (P≤0.5) recorded. There was increase in the number of root nodules with increased in the growth hormone concentrations as treatment 150mg/L showed the highest number of root nodules in both accessions; even though no significant difference was recorded. It is therefore recommended that different accessions at different concentrations of gibberelic acid be tired to see their responses.
Assessment of Timber Resource Exploitation in Shasha Forest Reserve, Osun State, Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Forestry
Authors: Olajiire-Ajayi B.L. , Adenuga D.A. , Olatunji B.T. , Abegunrin O.O. , Adebayo A.S. , Adedipe J.O.
Published: December 2021

Records on rate of timber exploitation are very essential for sustainable forestry. They help in managing the forest sustainably. Therefore, the study collected and analysed data on rate of timber exploitation in Shasha forest reserve in Osun state. Logs arranged and set to be taken out of the forest were identified and measured every Monday between December, 2017 and June, 2018 for twenty-eight (28) weeks. The species and families of logs encountered were identified. A total of 13,944 logs were assessed. Fifteen (15) families belonging to twenty-one (21) species of logs were identified. Result revealed that Sterculiaceae family with five species was the most exploited. Ricinodendron heudelotti has the highest number of exploited logs with overall frequency of 27.71%. Ricinodendron heudelotti had the highest basal area and volume with values of 18018776.71cm² and 113289.36cm³ respectively. The study concludes that the population of Ricinodendron heudelotii tree was high in Shasha forest which made it available for extraction at high rate. The study recommends strict monitoring and enforcement of sustainable forestry laws with regular inventory and up-to-date inventory of timber exploitation rate from the reserve.
Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Gunu A.S. , Musa M.
Published: December 2021

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.
Improving Hydrophobicity of Tropical Hardwood along Axial Positions
Authors: Adegoke O.A. , Adebawo F.G. , Ajala O.O. , Adelusi E.A. , Oloketuyi A.J.
Published: December 2021

Wood is hygroscopic and is considered dimensionally unstable materials when exposed to wet conditions. To increase the hydrophobicity of wood, this study focused on the modification of tropical hardwood (Triplochiton scleroxylon) along different positions of the stem using acetic anhydride The weight percent gain (WPG) was determined and acetylation reaction was confirmed with FTIR. The dimensional stability of the wood was characterized by water absorption (WA), volumetric swelling (VS), anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), and water repellent efficiency (WRE). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance at α0.05. It was observed that the weight gain (WG) by acetylation increases along the axial position (base to top) of T. scleroxylon wood. IR-spectra confirmed properly the substitution of the acetyl group. The treatment resulted in a marked improvement in the WA and VS, ASE, and WRE of acetylated T. scleroxylon wood were also found to improve considerably from base to top of the wood. It could be said that the WPG and hydrophobicity increased, but the percentage of water absorption and volumetric swelling diminished. Hence, the modified wood showed good hydrophobicity and improved dimensional stability.
Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts of Kariba Weed Infestation of Lakes Kyoga and Kwania, Uganda
Authors: Wanda Masifwa Fred , Beine Peter , Ogwang James , Matuha Moureen , Amondito Brenda , Nabwire Racheal
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to quantify the coverage of Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta) on lakes Kyoga and Kwania and document the environmental and socio-economic impacts associated with its infestation. Data on weed infestation status was collected in 2017 and compared with pre-infestation period of 2013. Weed infestations were approximately 15,643 and 13,688 ha on lakes Kyoga and Kwania respectively. The infestation impaired fishing activities, water quality, water abstraction and water transport. They also led to 20.4, 60.1, 7.7, 17.6 and 5.7 kg reduction in catches per day for Tilapia, Mukene, Catfish, Nile perch and Mudfish respectively. The infestations were also associated with a general increase in the prices of the fish. Individual fishermen registered losses in fish revenue. Household spent approximately UGX 108,523 annually as treatment costs for diseases associated with weed infestation. While 32% of the respondents tried to manually control the waterweed at approximately UGX 83,988/year, the mobile nature of the weed rendered these efforts unsuccessful. A strategy to sustainably control the waterweed using specific bio-control agents (Cyrtobagous salviniae) is recommended.
Fatty acid profile of pebbly fish, Alestes baremoze (Joannis, 1835) from Lake Albert, Uganda: Implications for its feed requirements
Authors: Kasozi Nasser , Iwe Degu Gerald , Walakira John , Namulawa Tibenda Victoria
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to establish the fatty acid profile of Alestes baremoze, with a view of establishing its dietary fatty acid requirements. Fish samples from Lake Albert were categorized into four classes according to fork lengths (1–10 cm, 11–20 cm, 21–30 cm, and 31–40 cm), with each class comprising of six fish. In addition, eggs were collected from six sexually mature females. A total of 35 fatty acids were identified and categorized into saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SFAs accounted for 5.07% to 37.05%, MUFAs and PUFAs constituted 20.65% to 53.78%, and 10.34% to 66.10% respectively, of total fatty acids in all studied fish size classes. The results from this study indicated that fatty acid composition in A. baremoze varied significantly with size classes. The findings may provide guidance on the fatty acid inclusions for diets formulated for this fish under culture conditions.
Electronic services in development a personal educational route
Authors: Soluyanova Olga N. , Zapparov Rustam I. , Sechkareva Galina G. , Tkacheva Nina A. , Koldina Margarita I.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is the analysis of the experience of creating individual educational routes using electronic services. A survey was conducted among teachers of higher education institutions on the use of the most effective electronic services. The study involved teachers from 1 to 4 grades and the age range of 18 to 22 years. The results determinedq that electronic services play an important role in the creation of an individual educational path, expand the training opportunities of students and contribute to the development of skills and competencies that are important for a competitive specialist.
The problem of ethnocultural identity in the studies of symbolic interactionism
Authors: Redkina Lyudmila , Zakiryanova Irina , Vishnevsky Vladimir , Chernova Tatiana
Published: December 2021

The article addresses the problem of ethnocultural identity in the context of research by representatives of symbolic interactionism. The problem of ethnocultural identity acquires relevance in the epoch of globalisation, when the differences between nations and ethno-social groups are erased, ignoring the folk traditions, customs, rituals, i.e. the historically and culturally established values that distinguish one nation from another, on the one hand, and enrich the multinational culture of their country, on the other hand. The purpose of the study is to reveal the conditions for the formation of ethnocultural identity and the factors influencing it. The works by G.H. Mead, C.H. Cooley, E. Goffman, J. Habermas and other authors were analysed within the framework of the research. The study revealed that the formation of ethnocultural identity involves assimilation of the values, norms, beliefs of “own” socio-cultural community, which is possible in the process of social interaction, in the course of meaningful communication in terms of symbolic interactionism.
Socio-cultural design as a means of moral education of schoolchildren in the conditions of modern education
Authors: Aryabkina Irina , Medvedeva Irina , Bulynin Alexander , Lebedeva Natalia , Zharkova Galina
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of socio-culturпal design as a means of moral education of schoolchildren in the context of modern education. On the basis of an interdisciplinary analysis of scientific sources, the essence of socio-cultural design, its principles and role in the formation of the moral qualities of the younger generation are determined. The article presents the materials of a psychological and pedagogical experiment to determine the level of moral education of schoolchildren of different ages, as well as the pedagogical conditions identified and formulated by the authors in the form of conclusions. The proposed diagnostic tools made it possible to determine the effectiveness of the application in educational practice of the Program for the sociocultural design of schoolchildren developed by the authors of this article.
Students as a subject of the e-learning environment
Authors: Figol Nadija , Teremko Vasyl , Pobidash Iryna , Lytvyn Aelita , Skorokhod Tеtiana , Trishchuk Ruslan
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the subjective role of the student community in the e-learning environment. The basic personal attributes of a modern student required for successful learning in the electronic learning environment were defined, including proactive attitude, motivation, creativity, independence, persistence. The tasks that should be overcome by students to achieve the goal of successful learning were outlined as follows: to take personal responsibility for the process and the final result of learning, to increase their motivation and interest in a positive outcome, to be able to develop communication with other students and the lecturer, to associate the acquired theoretical knowledge with their experience and practical skills. Distant learners were outlined to face a variety of challenges from technical issues and lack of guidance materials to communication difficulties, which are just as important.

The conclusion to be drawn is that the functions and competencies of both students and teachers are changing in the e-learning environment. Communication moves to a different level and starts to be from a peer to peer perspective. The e-learning environment requires students to be more self-organized, goal-oriented, self-conscious in the process of education, to realize the purpose of their cognitive activity, to be inquisitive and passionate.
Clima organizacional y su impacto en la calidad educativa universitaria
Authors: Martínez Prats Germán , Mapén Franco Fabiola de Jesús , Ortega Ramírez Marynor Elena
Published: December 2021

El compromiso social de las instituciones de educación superior de contribuir al desarrollo y bienestar de las sociedades lo cumple a través del perfil académico de sus egresados, lo cual implica la puesta en marcha de múltiples actividades inherentes a sus funciones sustantivas como la docencia e investigación pero también otras encaminadas a la evaluación a través de sus indicadores. Sin embargo, se reconoce que existen factores psicológicos y sociológicos que inciden en el comportamiento de los diversos agentes universitarios con la respectiva repercusión en la calidad educativa. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el clima organizacional en la Escuela Maya de Estudios Agropecuarios  de la Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas en México y su impacto en el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad Institucional. La muestra para sustentar el estudio fue de 111 actores educativos. El enfoque  de la investigación fue mixto y la validez de los instrumentos se realizó a través del Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach cuyos resultados en las dimensiones de análisis oscilaron entre 0.898 y 0.95. Los resultados reflejaron que los factores que afectan en mayor proporción el clima organizacional son: el confort, la motivación, identidad, comunicación, estructura, toma de decisiones, liderazgo, recompensa, innovación y cooperación en la solución de conflictos. El 24% considera que su contribución y labor de desempeño es valorada por todos los agentes educativos, mientras que el 48% considera que sus directivos carecen de capacidades gerenciales.
Основи економіки: Навчальний посібник
Authors: Ширяєва Л.В. , Онешко С.В. , Версанова Л.В. , Хотєєва Н.В. , Баришнікова В.В. , Корецька О.В.
Published: December 2021

Навчальний посібник підготовлено у відповідності до програми навчальної дисципліни «Основи економіки». У посібнику розглянуто основні складові економіки. Широко використовуються наочні матеріали – графіки, таблиці, приклади, що дозволяють студентам і викладачам ефективніше використовувати їх у навчальному процесі. Посібник адресований студентам всіх форм навчання ОНМУ, які вив-чають дисципліну «Основи економіки». Посібник може бути використаний також для навчання студентів неекономічних напрямків та галузей знань, що вивчають дисципліну «Основи економіки», може бути використаний для самостийної підготовки, допоможе в підготовці до практичних занять, модульного та поточного контролю, іспиту, заліку. Надасть допомогу в практичній роботі викладача. Метою посібника є формування у студентів ґрунтовних знань про економічну систему суспільства, закони її функціонування і розвитку для розуміння чинників зародження, утвердження і напрямів розвитку сучасних соціально-економічних систем, пізнання проблем ефективного використання суспільством обмежених виробничих ресурсів і шляхів досягнення максимальних кінцевих результатів у задоволенні людських потреб, що безупинно зростають.
Conversational Implicature in Austen's Pride and Prejudice: A Pragmatic Analysis of the Bennets' Discourse
Authors:   English Language Department, College of Arts, Hadhramout University, Mukalla,Hadhramout, Yemen., Alamoudi Abdulrhman Saleh
Published: December 2021

Studying the implications of literary language is an interesting field of study as its focal analyses are the sophisticated linguistic features used consciously or unconsciously by the authors. Concerning the focus of this paper, the talent of Jane Austen is evident in the domain of literary linguistics. Reviewing the previous literature proves excessive scrutiny of the chief young couples, namely Elizabeth and Darcy. Given that, the present article sheds light on the conversations between the old couple in Pride and Prejudice; Mr. and Mrs. Bennet from a pragmatic perspective. The analysis focuses on the very first conversation between the couple as being representative of their relationship. This analysis employs two major pragmatic concepts: the various types of Austin's speech acts as defined by Cutting (2002) and Grice's maxims (1975). Of the thirty-one utterances analyzed in the targeted conversation, 20 are by Mrs. Bennet and 11 by Mr. Bennet. Mrs. Bennet's most frequent speech act is the representative whereas that of Mr. Bennet is the directive. Both violate the maxims, but Mrs. Bennet violates that of quantity as being talkative, unlike Mr. Bennet who violates quality and relation maxims. These analyses demonstrate the misunderstanding and deep psychological gap between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet inferred through their linguistic exchange.
English Language Teachers’ Perceptions of World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca
Authors: ARDIÇ KIYAK Özdenur
Published: December 2021

English language has already become a world language while the world is changing and globalizing. It has been universally accepted in the academic field that English is now used as a lingua franca (ELF) in intercultural communication, and the lingua franca role of English has started to affect teacher education. Although there have been many of studies about ELF and World Englishes (WE), the perceptions of English language teachers require more investigation to describe the position of English in English Language Teaching (ELT) context. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to investigate the perceptions of English language instructors who work at different state and foundation universities and English language teachers who work at different institutions at primary, secondary, high school and university level during 2019- 2020 spring semester in Turkey. For this purpose, their perceptions of ELF and ELF-related issues concerning cultural aspects, Standard English and World Englishes, as well as the native and non-native dichotomy were explored through a questionnaire. The results were interpreted to present several implications for language learners, teachers/instructors, material developers and curriculum designers.