bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myoendothelial feedback in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries is similar between the sexes, dependent on nitric oxide synthase, and independent of TPRV4
Authors: Looft-Wilson Robin C. , Stechmann Jacob K. , Milenski Katherine G. , Shah Vishakha M. , Kulkarni Preetika G. , Arif Arusha B. , Guiot Tanner , Beinlich Nancy Marie C. , Dos Santos Christian A. , Rice Spencer K.
Published: November 2023

We found that female mesenteric resistance arteries have similar postconstriction dilatory responses (i.e., myoendothelial feedback) to a sympathetic neurotransmitter analog as male arteries. Both sexes use nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and hyperpolarization, but not TRPV4, in this response. Moreover, the key protein involved in this pathway (eNOS) is similarly expressed in these arteries between the sexes. These similarities are surprising given that agonist-induced endothelium-dependent dilatory mechanisms differ in these arteries between the sexes.
Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni Enhances Disease Severity in Human African Trypanosomiasis
Authors: Mitalo Nancy S. , Waiganjo Naomi N. , Mokua Mose John , Bosire David O. , Oula James O. , Orina Isaac Alfred , Nyabuga Nyariki James
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and schistosomiasis are neglected parasitic diseases found in the African continent. This study was conducted to determine how primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni affects HAT disease progression with a secondary infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) in a mouse model. Methods. Female BALB-c mice (6–8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 mice each. The different groups were infected with Schistosoma mansoni (100 cercariae) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (5.0 × 104) separately or together. Twenty-one days after infection with T.b.r, mice were sacrificed and samples were collected for analysis. Results. The primary infection with S. mansoni significantly enhanced successive infection by the T.b.r; consequently, promoting HAT disease severity and curtailing host survival time. T.b.r-induced impairment of the neurological integrity and breach of the blood-brain barrier were markedly pronounced on coinfection with S. mansoni. Coinfection with S. mansoni and T.b.r resulted in microcytic hypochromic anemia characterized by the suppression of RBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red cell indices. Moreover, coinfection of the mice with the two parasites resulted in leukocytosis which was accompanied by the elevation of basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. More importantly, coinfection resulted in a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and uric acid, which are the markers of liver and kidney damage. Meanwhile, S. mansoni-driven dyslipidemia was significantly enhanced by the coinfection of mice with T.b.r. Moreover, coinfection with S. mansoni and T.b.r led to a strong immune response characterized by a significant increase in serum TNF-α and IFN-γ. T.b.r infection enhanced S. mansoni-induced depletion of cellular-reduced glutathione (GSH) in the brain and liver tissues, indicative of lethal oxidative damage. Similarly, coinfection resulted in a significant rise in nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Conclusion. Primary infection with S. mansoni exacerbates disease severity of secondary infection with T.b.r in a mouse model that is associated with harmful inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and organ injury.
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Model Based on Feature Reduction and Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network Optimization
Authors: Jiang Hanqing , Ji Shaopei , He Guanghui , Li Xiaohu
Published: November 2023

Aiming at the problems of large data dimension, more redundant data, and low accuracy in network traffic anomaly detection, a network traffic anomaly detection model (FR-APPSO BiLSTM) based on feature reduction and bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network optimization is proposed. First, the feature dimensions are divided by hierarchical clustering according to the similarity distance between data features, and the features with high correlation are divided into the same feature subset. Second, an automatic encoder is used to reduce each feature subset, eliminating redundant information, and reducing the computational complexity of the detection data. Then, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on adaptive updating of variables and dynamic adjustment of parameters (APPSO) is proposed, which is used to optimize the parameters of the bidirectional LSTM neural network (BiLSTM). Finally, the optimized BiLSTM is used as a classifier to model network traffic anomaly detection using the reduced feature data. Experiments based on NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS-2017 datasets show that the proposed FR-APPSO-BiLSTM model can effectively reduce data features, improve the accuracy of detection, and the performance of network traffic anomaly detection.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Regeneration of Alveolar Bone in Experimental Periodontitis Rats
Authors: Song Aishi , Wang Wei , Zhang Yuying , Zhou Peng , Li Jiaxing , Habimana Jean de Dieu , Mukama Omar , Xie Wei , Deng Sihao , Zhang Shusheng , Li Ming , Ni Bin , Tang Yabing , Yan Xiao-Xin , Huang Jufang , Li Zhiyuan
Published: November 2023

Background. Periodontitis is characterized by bone resorption and periodontal tissue destruction owing to oral microbiota, mechanical stress, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (hDPMSCs) were analyzed as potential candidates for periodontal tissue regeneration. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), also known as aspirin, has been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We investigated the effect of ASA pretreatment on periodontitis in order to achieve a more appealing prognosis of bone resorption. Methods. The effect of ASA on cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 assay, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining (ARS), and western blot were used to investigate the effect of different ASA concentrations on hDPMSCs’ osteogenic differentiation and possible signaling pathways. Periodontitis was induced for 4 weeks. Stem cells pretreated with 50 µg/mL of ASA were transplanted into six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by local and systemic injection once a week for two weeks. Four weeks after cell therapy, the rats were sacrificed for sampling to complete the molecular and morphological experiments. Results. In vitro experiments revealed that 50 µg/mL of ASA had a significant effect on cell osteogenic differentiation. That is, when ASA was administered, the MAPK signaling pathway was activated. Notably, further vivo experiments revealed that ASA-hDPMSCs increased the area of bone regeneration and the OPG/RANKL ratio, suppressed TNF-α and IL-1 expression, and promote alveolar bone repair. Conclusion. Our study extends the findings of previous research, firstly demonstrating that the use of ASA-pretreated hDPMSCs offers a novel therapy for the treatment of periodontitis for future clinical application.
KYNU as a Biomarker of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Correlates with Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shen Kaiyu , Chen Binyu , Yang Liu , Gao Wencang
Published: November 2023

Background. Kynureninase (KYNU) is a potential prognostic marker for various tumor types. However, no reports on the biological effects and prognostic value of KYNU in gastric cancer (GC) exist. Methods. GC-associated single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk-seq) data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases, respectively. The differential expression of KYNU between GC and normal gastric tissues was first analyzed based on the bulk-seq data, followed by an exploration of the relationship between KYNU and various clinicopathological features. The Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognostic value of KYNU. The relationship between KYNU expression and immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints was also explored. The biological function of KYNU was further examined at the single-cell level, and in vitro experiments were performed to examine the effect of KYNU on GC cell proliferation and invasion. Results. KYNU expression was significantly elevated in GC samples. Clinical features and survival analysis indicated that high KYNU expression was associated with poor clinical phenotypes and prognosis, whereas Cox analysis showed that KYNU was an independent risk factor for patients with GC. Notably, high expression of KYNU induced a poor immune microenvironment and contributed to the upregulation of immune checkpoints. KYNU-overexpressing macrophages drove GC progression through unique ligand-receptor pairs and transcription factors and were associated with adverse clinical phenotypes in GC. KYNU was overexpressed in GC cells in vitro, and KYNU knockout significantly inhibited GC cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusion. High KYNU expression promotes an adverse immune microenvironment and low survival rates in GC. KYNU and KYNU-related macrophages may serve as novel molecular targets in the treatment of GC.
Cognitive Function among Young Women’s Football Players in the Summer Heat
Authors: Ando Soichi , Ogoh Nana , Saito Shotaro , Watanabe Hironori , Ohsuga Maki , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Ogoh Shigehiko
Published: November 2023

Recently, there has been a growing focus on studies related to women’s football. However, the cognitive function of female football players has not been extensively characterized. Thus, we explored how the cognitive function of female football players was altered during a series of matches in summer and examined day-to-day variations in cognitive function with regard to dehydration status. Resting cognitive function was assessed from 17 young women football players during the Japan Club Youth Women’s football tournament, which spanned eight consecutive days. Cognitive function initially improved, with this improvement sustained throughout the tournament. It is worth noting that ten participants experienced symptoms of dehydration at least once during the tournament; however, these symptoms were not found to be linked to impaired cognitive function, suggesting that resting cognitive function remains unaffected during summer matches, even in the presence of dehydration symptoms.
Feature Extraction for Polyp Detection in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Video Frames
Authors: Delagah Bardia , Hassanpour Hamid
Published: November 2023

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a technology for filming the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to find abnormalities such as tumors, polyps, and bleeding. This paper proposes a new method based on hand-crafted features to detect polyps in WCE frames. A polyp has a convex surface containing pixel values with a specified Gaussian distribution. If a polyp exists in the WCE image, edges will be seen at the border of the occupied area. Since WCE images often suffer from low illumination, a histogram equalization (HE) technique can be used to enhance the image. In this paper, we initially find probable polyp edges via thresholding. Then, we use the edges to find the region of interest (ROI). Then, the mean, standard deviation (STD), and division of mean by STD from the ROI are computed as features to discriminate between polyp and nonpolyp using a support vector machine (SVM). The evaluation results on the Kvasir-Capsule dataset show 99% accuracy for the proposed method in polyp detection. Furthermore, the proposed method runs at a real-time speed of ∼0.031 seconds detection for each image.
Fuzzy Stress‐Strength Model and Mean Remaining Strength for Lindley Distribution: Estimation and Application in Cancer of Benign Endocrine
Authors: Hassan Marwa K. H. , Muse Abdisalam Hassan
Published: November 2023

This paper is interested in the Bayesian and non‐Bayesian estimation of the stress‐strength model and the mean remaining strength when there is fuzziness for stress and strength random variables having Lindley’s distribution with different parameters. A fuzzy is defined as a function of the difference between stress and strength variables. In the context of Bayesian estimation, two approximate algorithms are used importance sampling algorithm and the Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm. For non‐Bayesian estimation, maximum likelihood estimation and maximum product of spacing method are used. The Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to compare between different estimators for our proposed models using statistical criteria. Finally, to show the ability of our proposed models in real life, real medical application is introduced.
Targeting MTHFD2 to Exploit Cancer-Specific Metabolism and the DNA Damage Response
Authors: Ramos Louise , Henriksson Martin , Helleday Thomas , Green Alanna C.
Published: November 2023

The one-carbon folate enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer. MTHFD2 is upregulated across numerous cancer types, promotes growth and metastasis of cancer, and correlates with poorer survival. Recent studies have developed small-molecule inhibitors to the isozymes MTHFD2 and MTHFD1 that show promise as anticancer agents through different mechanisms. This review discusses the current understanding of the function of MTHFD2 in cancer and the status of inhibitors for treating MTHFD2-overexpressing cancers.
Erythroid Differentiation Enhances RNA Mis-Splicing in SF3B1-Mutant Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Ring Sideroblasts
Authors: Moura Pedro L. , Mortera-Blanco Teresa , Hofman Isabel J. , Todisco Gabriele , Kretzschmar Warren W. , Björklund Ann-Charlotte , Creignou Maria , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Ziegenhain Christoph , Cabrerizo Granados David , Barbosa Indira , Walldin Gunilla , Jansson Monika , Ashley Neil , Mead Adam J. , Lundin Vanessa , Dimitriou Marios , Yoshizato Tetsuichi , Woll Petter S. , Ogawa Seishi , Sandberg Rickard , Jacobsen Sten Eirik W. , Hellström-Lindberg Eva
Published: November 2023

Myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) commonly develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) bearing mutations in the splicing factor SF3B1 (SF3B1mt). Direct studies into MDS-RS pathobiology have been limited by a lack of model systems that fully recapitulate erythroid biology and RS development and the inability to isolate viable human RS. Here, we combined successful direct RS isolation from patient samples, high-throughput multiomics analysis of cells encompassing the SF3B1mt stem-erythroid continuum, and functional assays to investigate the impact of SF3B1mt on erythropoiesis and RS accumulation. The isolated RS differentiated, egressed into the blood, escaped traditional nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) mechanisms, and leveraged stress-survival pathways that hinder wild-type hematopoiesis through pathogenic GDF15 overexpression. Importantly, RS constituted a contaminant of magnetically enriched CD34+ cells, skewing bulk transcriptomic data. Mis-splicing in SF3B1mt cells was intensified by erythroid differentiation through accelerated RNA splicing and decreased NMD activity, and SF3B1mt led to truncations in several MDS-implicated genes. Finally, RNA mis-splicing induced an uncoupling of RNA and protein expression, leading to critical abnormalities in proapoptotic p53 pathway genes. Overall, this characterization of erythropoiesis in SF3B1mt RS provides a resource for studying MDS-RS and uncovers insights into the unexpectedly active biology of the “dead-end” RS.

Significance:

Ring sideroblast isolation combined with state-of-the-art multiomics identifies survival mechanisms underlying SF3B1-mutant erythropoiesis and establishes an active role for erythroid differentiation and ring sideroblasts themselves in SF3B1-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome pathogenesis.
Risk Prediction of Metachronous Colorectal Cancer from Molecular Features of Adenomas: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Jodal Henriette C. , Akwiwu Eddymurphy U. , Lemmens Margriet , Delis-van Diemen Pien M. , Klotz Dagmar , Leon Leticia G. , Lakbir Soufyan , de Wit Meike , Fijneman Remond J.A. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Spaander Manon C.W. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Løberg Magnus , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Kalager Mette , Carvalho Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Current morphologic features defining advanced adenomas (size ≥10 mm, high-grade dysplasia or ≥25% villous component) cannot optimally distinguish individuals at high risk or low risk of metachronous colorectal cancer (me-CRC), which may result in suboptimal surveillance. Certain DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) are associated with adenoma-to-carcinoma progression. We aimed to evaluate whether these molecular features can better predict an individual's risk of me-CRC than the morphologic advanced adenoma features.

In this nested case–control study, 529 individuals with a single adenoma at first colonoscopy were selected from a Norwegian adenoma cohort. DNA copy-number profiles were determined, by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing. Prevalence of CNAs in advanced and non-advanced adenomas and its association (OR) with me-CRC was assessed. For the latter, cases (with me-CRC) were matched to controls (without me-CRC) on follow-up, age and sex.

CNAs associated with adenoma-to-carcinoma progression were observed in 85/267 (32%) of advanced adenomas and in 27/262 (10%) of non-advanced adenomas. me-CRC was statistically significantly associated, also after adjustment for other variables, with age at baseline [OR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval CI), 1.03–1.26; P = 0.012], advanced adenomas (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.50–4.01; P < 0.001) and with the presence of ≥3 DNA copy-number losses (OR, 1.90; 95% CI. 1.02–3.54; P = 0.043).

Molecularly-defined high-risk adenomas were associated with me-CRC, but the association of advanced adenoma with me-CRC was stronger.

Significance:

Identifying new biomarkers may improve prediction of me-CRC for individuals with adenomas and optimize surveillance intervals to reduce risk of colorectal cancer and reduce oversurveillance of patients with low risk of colorectal cancer. Use of DNA CNAs alone does not improve prediction of me-CRC. Further research to improve risk classification is required.
Oral Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Case Reports
Authors: Epstein Joel B. , Hernandez Raymond S. , Nakamura Ryotaro , Yost Susan E. , Ali Haris
Published: November 2023

Patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant may experience graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in which donor immune cells cause an immune reaction in host tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are highly effective in prevention of severe coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) disease, but the vaccine can result in immune activation and GVHD. Herein, we report 4 cases of oral manifestations that may have been stimulated by COVID-19 or vaccination with Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. We believe this study is the first to report oral changes driven by an inflammatory/immune mechanism leading to oral symptomatic cGVHD. The clinical impact of this study is early recognition and appropriate management of oral symptomatic cGVHD following COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Derived Diffusion Parameters: Construction and Validation of a Nomogram
Authors: Cheng Xuefei , Li Dongxue , Peng Jiaxuan , Shu Zhenyu , Xing Xiaowei
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to construct and validate a nomogram that combines diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters and clinically relevant features for predicting the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the MRI and clinical data of 121 MCI patients, of whom 32 progressed to AD during a 4-year follow-up period. The MCI patients were divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. DTI features were extracted from MCI patient data in the training set, and their dimensionality was reduced to construct a radiomics signature (RS). Then, combining the RS with independent predictors of MCI disease progression, a joint model was constructed, and a nomogram was generated. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic and clinical efficacy of the nomogram based on the data from the validation set. Result: The AUCs of the RS in the training and validation sets were 0.81 and 0.84, with sensitivities of 0.87 and 0.78 and specificities of 0.71 and 0.81, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the RS, clinical dementia rating scale score, and Alzheimer's disease assessment scale score were the independent predictors of progression and were thus used to construct the nomogram. The AUCs of the nomogram in the training and validation sets were 0.89 and 0.91, respectively, with sensitivities of 0.78 and 0.89 and specificities of 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. DCA showed that the nomogram was the most valuable model for predicting the progression of MCI to AD and that it provided greater net benefits than other analysed models. Conclusion: Changes in white matter fibre bundles can serve as predictive imaging markers for MCI disease progression, and the combination of white matter DTI features and relevant clinical features can be used to construct a nomogram with important predictive value for MCI disease progression.
The Potential Predicting Value of D-Dimer to Fibrinogen Ratio on Functional Outcome at 1 Year after Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lin Qingxia , Zhou Dongdong , Cheng Yifan , Wu Chunxue , Deng Binbin
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that the D-dimer to fibrinogen ratio (DD/Fg) could be a potential predictor for deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke severity. However, the association between plasma DD/Fg and functional outcome following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been unclear. Methods: Our study followed the STROBE guideline and used a prospective cohort design to investigate this association. A total of 454 patients with AIS were enrolled consecutively in our study, and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were assessed for stroke severity and functional outcome, respectively. Results: We found a significant difference in DD/Fg values between the three groups based on NIHSS scores at admission. Specifically, the DD/Fg values were higher in the poor functional outcome group (mRS score of 2–6) compared to the favorable functional outcome group (mRS score of 0–1) at the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Additionally, the DD/Fg values were independently associated with poor functional prognosis at 1 year following the onset of stroke, even after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 9.21, 95% CI, 3.68–23.02, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DD/Fg values at admission may serve as risk predictors for poor functional outcomes in patients with AIS 1 year after the stroke.
Effectiveness and Safety of Epilepsy Surgery for Pediatric Patients with Intractable Epilepsy: A Clinical Retrospective Study from a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Dolgun Müge , Dölen Duygu , Uyur Yalçın Emek , Dolaş İlyas , Ünal Tuğrul Cem , Şirin Nermin Görkem , Sakarya Güneş Ayfer , Bebek Nerses , Aydoseli Aydın , Gürses Candan , Kara Bülent , Sencer Altay
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pediatric epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment modality for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Early pediatric surgery yields favorable results for DRE in terms of seizure control and neurophysiological outcome. In this study, pediatric patients were categorized based on their age (above 3 years old and below 3 years old) to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of surgical procedures. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, 60 pediatric patients who underwent epilepsy surgery at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine between 2002 and 2018 were evaluated. Overall morbidity and mortality rates, as well as seizure outcomes of the patients, were assessed and compared based on two age groups: those aged 3 years old or younger and those older than 3 years old. The effectiveness of invasive monitoring was also evaluated in relation to pathological results. The postoperative seizure outcome rates were evaluated using Engel’s classification, with an average follow-up period of 8.7 years. Results: Out of the total number of patients, 47 (78.4%) underwent resective surgery, while 13 (21.6%) had palliative surgery. Ten patients (16.6%) had invasive monitoring. Among all patients, 34 were classified as Engel I and II (56.6%), while 26 were classified as Engel III and IV (43.4%) postoperatively. 47% of patients who were under 3 years old, 60.4% of patients who were over 3 years old, and 50% of patients who underwent invasive monitoring had a favorable seizure outcome (Engel I–II). Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 35% (n = 21) and 1.6% (n = 1), respectively. Conclusion: Pediatric epilepsy surgery is an important treatment modality for preserving cognitive abilities and providing effective treatment for pediatric DRE. In our study, we claim that both invasive monitoring and epilepsy surgery lead to favorable seizure outcomes for all age groups. Further clinical studies should be conducted to provide more reliable data on the safety and effectiveness of the surgery, particularly in patients under the age of three.
Evolution of Value in American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Luviano Andrea , Pandya Ankur
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

In January 2014, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association released a policy statement arguing for the inclusion of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and value assessments in clinical practice guidelines. It is unclear whether subsequent guidelines changed how they incorporated such concepts.

METHODS:

We analyzed guidelines of cardiovascular disease subconditions with a guideline released before and after 2014. We counted the words (total and per page) for 8 selected value- or CEA-related terms and compared counts and rates of terms per page in the guidelines before and after 2014. We counted the number of recommendations with at least 1 reference to a CEA or a CEA-related article to compare the ratios of such recommendations to all recommendations before and after 2014. We looked for the inclusion of the value assessment system recommended by the writing committee of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association policy statement of 2014.

RESULTS:

We analyzed 20 guidelines of 10 different cardiovascular disease subconditions. Seven of the 10 cardiovascular disease subconditions had guidelines with a greater term per page rate after 2014 than before 2014. Across all 20 guidelines, the proportion of recommendations with at least 1 reference to a CEA changed from 0.44% to 1.99% (
P
<0.01). The proportion of recommendations with at least 1 reference to a CEA-related article changed from 1.02% to 3.34% (
P
<0.01). Only 3 guidelines used a value assessment system.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proportion of recommendations with at least 1 reference to a CEA or CEA-related article was low before and after 2014 for most of the subconditions, however, with substantial variation in this finding across the guidelines included in our analysis. There is a need to organize existing CEA information better and produce more policy-relevant CEAs so guideline writers can more easily make recommendations that incentivize high-value care and caution against using low-value care.
A Novel Case of Transverse Sinus Stenting and Ticagrelor Use During Pregnancy for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Patel Mayur S. , Akhter Asad S. , Rocco Matthew T. , Akhter Abdussamad , Nimjee Shahid M.
Published: November 2023

Background

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is prevalent among the US population, with exacerbation of symptoms during pregnancy. Transverse sinus stenting is a new effective treatment for IIH. Stenting is avoided in pregnancy largely due to the requirement of dual antiplatelet therapy.

Methods

We present a case of a pregnant patient in her first trimester with signs and symptoms of fulminant IIH, including progressive visual loss, who underwent placement of a transverse sinus stent and administration of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor.

Results

Ticagrelor was administered pre–operatively. The patient underwent venous sinus stenting for fulminant IIH. There were no complications. She had resolution of symptoms and underwent cesarean delivery without issues. Her child displayed no signs and symptoms of abnormalities.

Conclusion

Venous sinus stenting for IIH can be considered in pregnant patients presenting with new or worsening IIH with associated papilledema. The use of ticagrelor did not lead to any adverse outcomes for the patient or the fetus in our case.
The Clinical Features of Late Postoperative Cholangitis After Hepaticojejunostomy Brought on by Conditions other than Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Sakamoto Shinya , Tabuchi Motoyasu , Okamoto Nobuto , Yoshimatsu Rika , Matsumoto Manabu , Iwata Jun , Iiyama Tatsuo , Okabayashi Takehiro
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Postoperative cholangitis and anastomotic strictures (AS) are long-term complications of biliary-enteric anastomosis (BEA).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data of patients who underwent bile duct resection with or without hepatectomy and investigated the risk factors for postoperative cholangitis, benign AS, and incidence of Clavien–Dindo (C–D) >Grade III complications.

Results

Overall, data of 189 patients (115 men and 74 women) were retrospectively analyzed. The median patient age was 73 years. Thirty-five patients (18.5%) developed postoperative cholangitis, and 16 (8.4%) developed postoperative AS. Male sex and serious postoperative complications (C–D ≥ Grade III) were independent risk factors for cholangitis. The incidence of serious postoperative complications was 32.3%. Hypertension, preoperative biliary drainage, C-reactive protein–albumin ratio ≥.22, and bile duct resection with hepatectomy were potential risk factors for serious postoperative complications.

Conclusions

The incidence rates of postoperative cholangitis and AS after BEA were 18.5% and 8.4%, respectively. Male sex and serious postoperative complications (C–D ≥ Grade III) were independent risk factors for postoperative cholangitis.
Catholic Priests’ Involvement in Nigerian Politics: A Response to Social Change
Authors: Okwuosa Lawrence Nwachukwu , Okoli Anuli
Published: November 2023

Going against their sacred calling, Catholic priests are using the pulpit to engage in partisan politics. This emerging trend has stirred mixed feelings. Exploring this new reality in the light of religion and social transformation, this paper argues that political preaching is religious obligation found in the Catholic Social Teachings and a positive response to social change. While this novelty faces a lot of challenges, this study shows different approaches to it and contributes to the scanty scholarship on Catholic priests’ involvement in Nigerian politics, especially as it concerns social transformation.
Student protest, violent interactions, and state repression
Authors: Feinberg Ayal , Salehyan Idean
Published: November 2023

Why do states use violence to repress dissent? When do opposition groups escalate conflict by employing violent tactics? We argue that not all opposition groups are created alike, and that understanding who is involved in protest is important for event outcomes. Because of their age and social status, student protesters are more likely to adopt confrontational behaviors, even when engaged in nominally peaceful protest. As such, students are more likely to be seen as threats by security forces tasked with responding to social unrest. Although frequently unplanned, spontaneous interactions between dissidents and regime forces can lead to an escalatory spiral. As such, we expect that student protests are more likely to escalate to violence than protests by other actors, and that security forces are more likely to use repression against students. This relationship will be especially pronounced when youth unemployment is high, leading to heightened grievances and fewer social constraints. Using event data combined with actor information on protest dynamics across seven countries in Africa and Latin America from 1990 to 2016, we find that although student groups are not more likely to engage in riots at the outset, when they do protest, violent interactions with police are more likely. Moreover, youth unemployment significantly increases the potential for violence.
Sustainable wheat production strategies in blast-affected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Md Sohel , Anik Asif R , Islam Md R , Jahan Mashrat
Published: November 2023

Bangladesh experienced widespread wheat blast infections for the first time in 2016. The outbreak of the disease has significantly affected wheat acreage and production. This study uses an ‘action theory’ framework to identify the determinants that affected wheat growers to adopt certain production practices to deal with the situation. We followed a multistage sampling procedure and interviewed 150 wheat growers from two severely blast-affected districts, Meherpur and Kustia. According to 91.3% of farmers, the most remarkable adoption strategies were ‘improved intercultural practices,’ ‘shifting variety,’ ‘shifting crops’, and ‘undertaking off-farm activities,’ of which farmers mostly followed the former. We also used multivariate probit model analysis to identify factors that shape farmers’ adaptation choices in wheat blast-affected areas. The adaptation strategies are influenced mainly by farmers’ education, primary occupation, family size, government incentives, extension services, access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and annual income. According to the notable similarities between the four adoption strategies, an adoption study should consider all potential factors influencing farmers’ adoption decisions. Policy implications include strengthening extension services, developing tailored adaptation strategies, and conducting relevant research.
A Process Analysis of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test Performance Using the Boston Qualitative Scoring System in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Morales Mejia Yenifer L. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Woods Steven Paul
Published: November 2023

Deficits in episodic verbal memory are commonly observed in persons with HIV (PWH) disease, in whom they are characterized by dysregulation of the executive aspects of encoding and retrieval and adversely impact everyday functioning. Deficits in episodic visual memory are also apparent in PWH, but we know less about their cognitive architecture. This study used the Boston Qualitative Scoring System (BQSS) for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) to examine visual learning and recall in 43 individuals without HIV and 141 PWH who completed a full research neuropsychological, psychiatric, and medical assessment. A mixed model covarying for education and estimated verbal IQ showed that participants with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) performed worse than PWH without neurocognitive disorders and HIV- participants at comparable medium-to-large effect sizes across the Copy, Immediate, and Delayed trials of the BQSS-ROCF, suggesting a primary encoding deficit. A component process analysis of the BQSS-ROCF Copy Trial revealed that participants with HAND had specific difficulties with configural accuracy, cluster accuracy, and cluster placement. Within the PWH sample, measures of motor coordination and executive functions emerged as independent predictors of BQSS-ROCF Copy Trial performance. Findings extend prior research by showing that HAND may be associated with a primary encoding deficit for complex visuomotor learning and memory tasks that is driven by a combination of visuospatial, motor, and executive difficulties.
Communicative power as a new ideal type in international relations
Authors: Janusch Holger
Published: November 2023

In international relations theory, civilian and normative power can be seen as the most ambitious attempts to develop a new ideal of actor that is normatively preferable to classical concepts such as great power, empire, and hegemon as it wields power in a different way. However, these attempts fail from a theoretical perspective primarily because the concepts cannot be clearly differentiated from hidden hegemony. Guided by Habermas’ notion of communicative power, this article develops a new ideal type for transnational norm diffusion that escapes the trap of hidden hegemony. This ideal promotes communicative power by: (1) exercising institutional power to enable open and free discourse, (2) abstaining from using compulsory power to impose its own norms but just to guarantee the option of voice and exit for all affected persons, and (3) reducing unconscious structural power, productive power, and soft power through the inclusion of reflexivity and self-criticism. This type of inclusive foreign policy based on self-restraint and reflexivity must originate from solidarity in domestic civil society to gain the trust of others. The concept of communicative power offers an alternative theoretical template to how dominant actors can exercise power in international politics.
The Perks of Pet Ownership? The Effects of Pet Ownership on Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chopik William J. , Oh Jeewon , Weidmann Rebekka , Weaver Jonathan R. , Balzarini Rhonda N. , Zoppolat Giulia , Slatcher Richard B.
Published: November 2023

Pet ownership has often been lauded as a protective factor for well-being, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. We expanded this question to consider how pet (i.e., species, number) and owner (i.e., pet relationship quality, personality, attachment orientations) characteristics affected the association between pet ownership and well-being in a pre-registered mixed method analysis of 767 people assessed three times in May 2020. In our qualitative analyses, pet owners listed both benefits and costs of pet ownership during the COVID-19 pandemic. In our quantitative analyses, we found that pet ownership was not reliably associated with well-being. Furthermore, this association largely did not depend on the number of pets owned, the species of pet(s) owned, the quality of the human–pet relationship, or the owner’s psychological characteristics. Our findings are consistent with a large body of research showing null associations of pet ownership on well-being (quantitatively) but positive reports of pet ownership (qualitatively).
Contending with Sexual Harassment: A Study of Southern African Female Journalists’ Experiences
Authors: Msimanga Mbongeni Jonny , Tshuma Lungile Augustine , Matsilele Trust , Jamil Sadia
Published: November 2023

This paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on sexual harassment of female journalists from the Global South more broadly and Southern Africa in particular. We selected three Southern African countries for this investigation: Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Namibia. Much of sub-Saharan Africa still experiences patriarchy that has proven to be resilient with misogynistic residue. Theoretically, the study utilizes the new institutionalism theory that deals with the socio-political environment within which news organizations are embedded and the postcolonial feminist theory. Primarily, this study uses the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews with 15 journalists across the three countries and offers a thematic analysis of the gathered data. Female journalists’ responses in the selected three countries reveal that they are facing sexual harassment in various forms including, both verbally and physically. The sexual harassment that female journalists are subjected to, we argue, is in part a result of inadequate policies and media regulatory bodies that can curb harassment.
Neurovisual rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: Why a close integration of low-vision rehabilitation and neuropsychological rehabilitation may be effective for visual complaints
Authors: van der Feen FE , de Haan GA , van der Lijn I , Heersema DJ , Meilof JF , Heutink J
Published: November 2023

Objective

The quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is often affected by visual complaints. A previous study suggested that visual complaints are not likely to be related to specific visual functions, but by a global decline of cognitive and visual functioning. In this study, we further explore this hypothesis, by investigating the relation between visual functions and global cognitive functioning, aiming to provide recommendations for rehabilitation for visual complaints.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A rehabilitation centre for partially sighted and blind people and a MS centre at a university hospital.

Participants

102 people with MS.

Main measure

Correlations between assessments of visual functions (acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, smooth pursuit and saccades) and composite scores of a neuropsychological assessment (tests with a visual component and without a visual component).

Results

All composite scores correlated with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and the sensitivity of the monocular field, but not with smooth pursuit and saccades. Similar patterns were found in various subgroups. Results showed that visual functions that related to visual complaints correlated with a diffuse decline of global cognitive functioning and that visual and cognitive functioning may decline concurrently in people with MS.

Conclusions

Visual complaints may occur as a result of a diffuse decline of the integrity of a cerebral network involved in vision and cognition. People with MS with visual complaints may benefit from neurovisual rehabilitation, in which low-vision rehabilitation and neuropsychological rehabilitation are closely intertwined.
Dynamic performance improvement of an isolated wind-diesel system with intelligently controlled supercapacitor energy storage system
Authors: Rashid Gazala , Lone Shameem Ahmad , Mufti Mairaj Ud din
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to develop a supervisory control scheme to enhance the effectiveness and profitability of a small-rating super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS) used in load-frequency-control applications. The proposed approach, which uses one-step-ahead adaptive predictive control (APC), adeptly handles the operational limitations of the SCESS. For the purpose of online estimation of system parameters, the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm has been employed. The system can be characterized as a two input two output system, wherein the real and reactive powers required by the SCESS serve as control signals issued by the controller. The SCESS voltage is subject to constraints to limit energy trade within specific bounds. The proposed control scheme successfully maintains the voltage constraints of the SCESS while significantly reducing frequency and voltage deviations in the presence of two disturbances, viz; load disturbance and wind disturbance. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation experiments on an isolated hybrid wind diesel power system, which addresses several modeling and design aspects.
Cannabidiol as an Adjunctive Treatment for Acute Bipolar Depression: A Pilot Study: Le cannabidiol comme traitement d'appoint de la dépression bipolaire aiguë : une étude pilote
Authors: Pinto Jairo Vinícius , Crippa José Alexandre S. , Ceresér Keila Maria , Vianna-Sulzbach Miréia Fortes , Silveira Júnior Érico de Moura , Santana da Rosa Gabriel , Testa da Silva Manoella Guatimuzim , Hizo Gabriel Henrique , Simão Medeiros Leonardo , Santana de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo , Bristot Giovana , Campos Alline Cristina , Guimarães Francisco Silveira , Hallak Jaime E. C. , Zuardi Antonio W. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Kapczinski Flávio , Kauer-Sant’Anna Márcia
Published: November 2023

Objective

The treatment of bipolar depression remains challenging due to the limited effective and safe therapeutic options available; thus, developing newer treatments that are effective and well tolerable is an urgent unmet need. The objective of the present trial was to test 150 to 300 mg/day of cannabidiol as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression.

Method

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the efficacy of adjunctive cannabidiol in bipolar depression was used. Efficacy parameters were changes in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from baseline to week 8. Secondary outcomes included response and remission rates, changes in anxiety and psychotic symptoms, and changes in functioning. Patients continued double-blind treatment until week 12 to monitor for adverse effects, laboratory analysis, and manic symptoms. Study registry: NCT03310593.

Results

A total of 35 participants were included. MADRS scores significantly decreased from baseline to the endpoint (placebo, −14.56; cannabidiol, −15.38), but there was no significant difference between the groups. Similarly, there were no other significant effects on the secondary outcomes. However, an exploratory analysis showed a significant effect of cannabidiol 300 mg/day in reducing MADRS scores from week 2 to week 8 (placebo, −6.64; cannabidiol, −13.72). There were no significant differences in the development of manic symptoms or any other adverse effects.

Conclusion

Cannabidiol did not show significantly higher adverse effects than placebo. Despite the negative finding on the primary outcome, an exploratory analysis suggested that cannabidiol should be further studied in bipolar depression in higher doses of at least 300 mg/day and under research designs that could better control for high placebo response.
Position-independent geometric error compensation of a non-orthogonal five-axis machine tool using a simplified algebraic algorithm
Authors: Ding Shuang , Zhang Xiao , Chen Zhiwei , Wu Weiwei
Published: November 2023

Geometric errors are the key error sources that affect the machining quality of a five-axis machine tool. In the case of a non-orthogonal five-axis machine tool (NOFAMT), the modelling and compensation of geometric errors can be quite complex. This paper proposes a simplified modelling algorithm to derive the analytical expressions for the position-independent geometric error (PIGE) compensation of a NOFAMT without generating higher-order error terms. First, the geometric error modelling was conducted based on the homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM). Then, algebraic expressions for PIGE compensation were obtained according to the actual inverse kinematics and a simplified algorithm. By using the simplified algorithm, the efficiency of deriving algebraic expressions for geometric error compensation can be greatly enhanced. The PIGE compensation’s numerical control (NC) codes can be directly computed using these algebraic expressions. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the new algorithm were verified by numerical analysis and virtual machining. The detailed results were compared with those obtained using the differential method, and both sets of results showed the same trend.