bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design-time Reference Current Generation for Robust Spintronic-based Neuromorphic Architecture
Authors: Ahmed Soyed Tuhin , Mayahinia Mahta , Hefenbrock Michael , Münch Christopher , Tahoori Mehdi B.
Published: September 2023

Neural Networks (NN) can be efficiently accelerated in a neuromorphic fabric based on emerging resistive non-volatile memories (NVM), such as Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM). Compared to other NVM technologies, STT-MRAM offers many benefits, such as fast switching, high endurance, and CMOS process compatibility. However, due to its low ON/OFF-ratio, process variations and runtime temperature fluctuations can lead to miss-quantizing the sensed current and, in turn, degradation of inference accuracy. In this article, we analyze the impact of the sensed accumulated current variation on the inference accuracy in Binary NNs and propose a design-time reference current generation method to improve the robustness of the implemented NN under different temperature and process variation scenarios (up to 125 °C). Our proposed method is robust to both process and temperature variations. The proposed method improves the accuracy of NN inference by up to 20.51% on the MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-10 benchmark datasets in the presence of process and temperature variations without additional runtime hardware overhead compared to existing solutions.
30×30 for Climate: The History and Future of Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies
Authors: Hannah L. , Midgley G.F.
Published: September 2023

Global agreement on 30×30 means an unprecedented last push to define how much nature will be left on the planet. At the same time that space for nature is being defined, climate change will be moving nature around. Species are now on the move to track climate change both on land and in the oceans, a process that is accelerating under dramatic new extreme events. This is an opportune time to review conservation recommendations made early in the millennium, to see how many have been taken on board over the past 20 years, and how much is left to be done to adapt to climate change as conservation pushes toward 30×30. The history of Climate Change–Integrated Conservation Strategies begins with two papers published by a group of prominent climate change biologists in 2002. The importance of including adaptation to climate change in conservation was underscored by the first estimates of extinction risk due to climate change in 2004. Subsequent literature has developed concepts such as velocity of climate change and assisted migration. Regional modeling of biodiversity change, expanding protected areas to facilitate species range movements, and managing productive landscapes to facilitate species movements are all now considered “business as usual” for conservation planning for climate change. Regional coordination of conservation efforts to ensure that species on the move are managed for climate change consistently across their range, on the other hand, is under-represented in literature and practice. Improving both theory and practice of regional coordination for climate change is an important priority for conservation now and in the future. Conservation for climate change has focused mostly on warming scenarios, but failure to act on climate change emissions reduction means that meeting Paris Agreement targets will almost certainly have to include both warming past those targets and subsequent cooling back to the target. Managing this double transition is a second critical point of emphasis for climate change biology as the world moves to 30×30.
Altered hepatic and intestinal homeostasis in a neonatal murine model of short-term total parenteral nutrition and antibiotics
Authors: Mims Tahliyah S. , Kumari Roshan , Leathem Cameron , Antunes Karen , Joseph Sydney , Yen Mei-I , Ferstl Danielle , Jamieson Sophia M. , Sabbar Austin , Biebel Claudia , Lazarevic Nikolai , Willis Nathaniel B. , Henry Lydia , Yen Chi-Liang E. , Smith Joseph P. , Gosain Ankush , Meisel Marlies , Willis Kent A. , Talati Ajay J. , Elabiad Mohammad. T. , Hibl Brianne , Pierre Joseph F.
Published: September 2023

This study successfully established a translationally relevant, murine neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) model. Short-term PN is sufficient to induce hepatitis-associated cholestasis in a neonatal murine model that can be used to understand disease in early life. The administration of antibiotics during PN protects animals from bacterial translocation and proinflammatory responses but induces unique metabolic shifts that may predispose the liver toward early steatosis.
The Prevalence of Simultaneously Ordering Amylase and Lipase for Diagnosing Pancreatitis
Authors: Alyahya Bader , Alalshaikh Abdulaziz , Altaweel Abdulaziz , Alsaleh Gadah , Alsaeed Abdullah , Somily Haneen , Alotaibi Taif , Alaqeel Mohammed , Al Mehlisi Abdulaziz , Abuguyan Fahad , Altuwaijri Fawaz , Al Aseri Zohair
Published: September 2023

Background. The simultaneous measurement of serum amylase and lipase levels in the diagnosis of pancreatitis was deemed unnecessary in several studies. We aim at evaluating the prevalence of the simultaneous co-ordering of serum amylase and lipase. Methods. This retrospective chart review was conducted at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2021 and January 2022. We examined requests for serum amylase or serum lipase levels that had been sought for suspected pancreatitis within the electronic health system (EHS). Results. A total of 9,617 requests for serum amylase and serum lipase levels for 5,536 patients were made in a year; 6,873 (71.5%) were made for serum lipase alone; 1,672 (17.4%) were made for co-ordered serum lipase and amylase; 322 (3.3%) were made for amylase alone; and 750 (7.8%) were made for repeated amylase testing. Four hundred and thirteen tests (4.3%) yielded a diagnosis of pancreatitis. The estimated cost reduction when serum amylase was removed if serum lipase was co-ordered was 108,680 SAR (approximately US$28,960). Conclusion. Serum amylase and lipase were co-ordered for about 17.4% of pancreatitis diagnostic tests, all of which were unnecessary. Eliminating serum amylase testing for any patient who receives a test of their lipase levels would exert a significant impact on institutional costs and savings.
Comprehensive Thermal Characteristic Investigations on Hemp- and Jute-Based Nature Fibre-Reinforced Composites for Engineering Applications through Coupled and Verified Engineering Approaches
Authors: Thangavel Sabari , Jaffar Ali Mohamed Aashik , Gnanasekaran Raj Kumar , Stanislaus Arputharaj Beena , Karuppasamy Arunkumar , AL-Bonsrulah Hussein A. Z. , Rajendran Parvathy , Raja Vijayanandh , Soundararajan Devendhiran , Kalaivani Muthuramalingam Krishnakumar
Published: September 2023

Natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPs) have gained increasing attention in recent years as an alternative to conventional materials such as steel and aluminum alloys due to their ecofriendly, renewable, and low-cost nature. This paper focuses on the thermal application of NFRPs, which have shown great potential due to their good thermal insulation properties. In this study, the fabrication of jute and hemp fibre-reinforced composites, experimental testing, comparison, validation by using computational method, and proposed hemp NFRPs insulated exhaust pipe in place of conventional steel pipe. However, challenges such as moisture absorption and limited thermal properties on high thermal load still need to be addressed to enable the full-scale commercialization of NFRPs in thermal applications. For these comprehensive investigations, coupled and verified engineering approaches have been imposed. Fluid-thermal coupling has been executed in ANSYS workbench associated with conventional test outcomes. Through this approach, the low weight and low cost-based thermal load resisting material has been proposed for various engineering applications.
Fabrication of a Flexible RFID Antenna by Using the Novel Environmentally Friendly Additive Process
Authors: Divya Pandi , Lee Wen-Hsi
Published: September 2023

The fabrication of flexible antennas for RFID applications can be divided into subtractive and additive methods. In this study, a low-cost additive method is proposed, which involves printing aluminum paste and utilizing a galvanic replacement reaction. Through a galvanic replacement process, copper sulfate waste effluent was employed to convert the aluminum electrode into a highly conductive copper electrode. The physical characteristics of the Cu electrode, such as surface flatness, thickness, and Al-Cu conversion ratio, were studied. The Cu electrode, produced using an innovative additive technique at a temperature of 75°C for 15 minutes, exhibits the lowest resistivity of 5.89 × 10–8 Ωm. This resistivity is comparable to that of a commercial silver thick film electrode, making it suitable for use in manufacturing RFID antennas for RFID module applications. With an S11 of −40 dB at 1.26 GHz, a maximum gain of 2.87 dBi, a maximum efficiency of 53.63%, and a reading distance of 9 meters, the RFID module demonstrates impressive performance. The reading distance of an RFID module with a copper foil antenna is longer (8.5 meters).
Polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase, Lipoxygenase, and TP53 Genes Predict Colorectal Polyp Risk Reduction by Aspirin in the seAFOod Polyp Prevention Trial
Authors: Davies John R. , Mell Tracey , Fuller Harriett , Harland Mark , Saleh Rasha N.M. , Race Amanda D. , Rees Colin J. , Brown Louise C. , Loadman Paul M. , Downing Amy , Minihane Anne Marie , Williams Elizabeth A. , Hull Mark A.
Published: September 2023

Aspirin and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduce colorectal adenomatous polyp risk and affect synthesis of oxylipins including prostaglandin E2. We investigated whether 35 SNPs in oxylipin metabolism genes such as cyclooxygenase (PTGS) and lipoxygenase (ALOX), as well as 7 SNPs already associated with colorectal cancer risk reduction by aspirin (e.g., TP53; rs104522), modified the effects of aspirin and EPA on colorectal polyp recurrence in the randomized 2 × 2 factorial seAFOod trial. Treatment effects were reported as the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by stratifying negative binomial and Poisson regression analyses of colorectal polyp risk on SNP genotype. Statistical significance was reported with adjustment for the false discovery rate as the P and q value. 542 (of 707) trial participants had both genotype and colonoscopy outcome data. Reduction in colorectal polyp risk in aspirin users compared with nonaspirin users was restricted to rs4837960 (PTGS1) common homozygotes [IRR, 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53–0.90); q = 0.06], rs2745557 (PTGS2) compound heterozygote-rare homozygotes [IRR, 0.60 (0.41–0.88); q = 0.06], rs7090328 (ALOX5) rare homozygotes [IRR 0.27 (0.11–0.64); q = 0.05], rs2073438 (ALOX12) common homozygotes [IRR, 0.57 (0.41–0.80); q = 0.05], and rs104522 (TP53) rare homozygotes [IRR, 0.37 (0.17–0.79); q = 0.06]. No modification of colorectal polyp risk in EPA users was observed. In conclusion, genetic variants relevant to the proposed mechanism of action on oxylipins are associated with differential colorectal polyp risk reduction by aspirin in individuals who develop multiple colorectal polyps. SNP genotypes should be considered during development of personalized, predictive models of colorectal cancer chemoprevention by aspirin.

Prevention Relevance:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes controlling lipid mediator signaling may modify the colorectal polyp prevention activity of aspirin. Further investigation is required to determine whether testing for genetic variants can be used to target cancer chemoprevention by aspirin to those who will benefit most.
Etripamil Nasal Spray for Conversion of Repeated Spontaneous Episodes of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia During Long‐Term Follow‐Up: Results From the NODE‐302 Study
Authors: Ip James E. , Coutu Benoit , Bennett Matthew T. , Pandey A. Shekhar , Stambler Bruce S. , Sager Philip , Chen Michael , Shardonofsky Silvia , Plat Francis , Camm A. John
Published: September 2023

Background

Self‐administration of investigational intranasal L‐type calcium channel blocker etripamil during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) appeared safe and well‐tolerated in the phase 3 NODE‐301 (Multi‐Centre, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Efficacy, and Safety Study of Etripamil Nasal Spray for the Termination of Spontaneous Episodes of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia) trial of adults with sustained atrioventricular nodal‐dependent PSVT. The NODE‐302 open‐label extension further characterized etripamil safety and efficacy.

Methods and Results

Eligible patients were monitored via self‐applied cardiac monitoring system for 5 hours after etripamil self‐administration. The primary end point was time‐to‐conversion of positively adjudicated PSVT to sinus rhythm after etripamil treatment. Probability of conversion to sinus rhythm was reported via Kaplan‐Meier plot. Adverse events were based on self‐reported symptoms and clinical evaluations. Among 169 patients enrolled, 105 self‐administered etripamil ≥1 time for perceived PSVT (median [range], 232 [8–584] days' follow‐up). Probability of conversion within 30 minutes of etripamil was 60.2% (median time to conversion, 15.5 minutes) among 188 PSVT episodes (92 patients) positively adjudicated as atrioventricular nodal dependent by independent ECG analysis. Among 40 patients who self‐treated 2 episodes, 75% had a significantly consistent response by 30 minutes; 9 did not convert on either episode, and 21 converted on both episodes (χ
2
=8.09;
P
=0.0045). Forty‐five of 105 patients (42.9%) had ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse event, generally transient and mild‐to‐moderate, including nasal congestion (14.3%), nasal discomfort (14.3%), or rhinorrhea (12.4%). No serious cardiac safety events were observed within 24 hours of etripamil.

Conclusions

In this extension study, investigational etripamil nasal spray was well tolerated for self‐treating recurrent episodes of PSVT without medical supervision.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03635996.
Delayed Diagnosis in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Associated Factors and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Bakradze Ekaterina , Shu Liqi , Henninger Nils , Prabhakaran Shyam , Siegler James E. , De Marchis Gian Marco , Giles James A. , Dittrich Tolga , Heldner Mirjam R. , Antonenko Kateryna , Kam Wayneho , Liebeskind David S. , Simpkins Alexis N. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Yaghi Shadi , Liberman Ava L.
Published: September 2023

Background

Identifying factors associated with delayed diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) can inform future strategies for early detection.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all participants from ACTION‐CVT (Anticoagulation in the Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis) study who had dates of neurologic symptom onset and CVT diagnosis available. Delayed diagnosis was defined as CVT diagnosis occurring in the fourth (final) quartile of days from symptom onset. The primary study outcome was modified Rankin Scale score of ≤1 at 90 days; secondary outcomes included partial/complete CVT recanalization on last available imaging and modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent variables associated with delayed diagnosis and to assess the association of delayed diagnosis and outcomes. A total of 935 patients were included in our study. Median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 4 days (interquartile range, 1–10 days). Delayed CVT diagnosis (time to diagnosis >10 days) occurred in 212 patients (23%). Isolated headache (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.36 [95% CI, 1.50–3.73];
P
<0.001), older age (aOR by 1 year, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.004–1.03];
P
=0.01), and papilledema (aOR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.03–3.89];
P
=0.04) were associated with diagnostic delay, whereas higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was inversely associated with diagnostic delay (aOR by 1 point, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.89–1.00];
P
=0.049). Delayed diagnosis was not associated with modified Rankin Scale score of ≤1 at 90 days (aOR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.60–1.96];
P
=0.79).

Conclusions

In a large multicenter cohort, a quarter of included patients with CVT were diagnosed >10 days after symptom onset. Delayed CVT diagnosis was associated with the symptom of isolated headache and was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Feasibility and Outcomes of Mitral Transcatheter Edge‐To‐Edge Repair in Patients With Variable Degrees of Mitral Annular Calcification
Authors: Hatab Taha , Bou Chaaya Rody G. , Zaid Syed , Wessly Priscilla , Satish Priyanka , Villanueva Victoria , Faza Nadeen , Little Stephen H. , Atkins Marvin D. , Reardon Michael J. , Kleiman Neal S. , Zoghbi William A. , Goel Sachin S.
Published: September 2023

Background

The clinical significance of mitral annular calcification (MAC) in patients undergoing mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair is not well understood. There is limited evidence regarding the feasibility, durability of repair, and the prognostic value of MAC in this population. We sought to examine the prognostic value of MAC, its severity, and its impact on procedural success and durability of mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair.

Methods and Results

We reviewed the records of 280 patients with moderate–severe or severe mitral regurgitation who underwent mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with MitraClip from March 2014 to March 2022. The primary end point was cumulative survival at 1 year. Independent factors associated with the primary end point were identified using multivariable Cox regression. Among 280 patients included in the final analysis, 249 had none/mild MAC, and 31 had moderate/severe MAC. Median follow‐up was 23.1 months (interquartile range: 11.1–40.4). Procedural success was comparable in the MAC and non‐MAC groups (92.6% versus 91.4%,
P
=0.79) with similar rates of residual mitral regurgitation ≤2 at 1 year (86.7% versus 93.2%,
P
=0.55). Moderate/severe MAC was associated with less improvement in New York Heart Association III/IV at 30 days when compared with none/mild MAC (45.8% versus 14.3%,
P
=0.001). The moderate/severe MAC group had lower cumulative 1‐year survival (56.8% versus 80.0%, hazard ratio [HR], 1.98 [95% CI, 1.27–3.10],
P
=0.002). Moderate/severe MAC and Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality for mitral valve repair were independently associated with the primary end point (HR, 2.20 [1.10–4.41],
P
=0.02; and HR, 1.014 [1.006–1.078],
P
=0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Mitral TEER is a safe and feasible intervention in selected patients with significant MAC and associated with similar mitral regurgitation reduction at 1 year compared with patients with none/mild MAC. Patients with moderate/severe MAC had a high 1‐year mortality and less improvement in their symptoms after TEER.
Achieving Equity in Stroke Care and Outcomes: A Comment on an AHA Scientific Statement
Authors: Sharrief Anjail
Published: September 2023

Racial disparities in stroke outcomes have been described for over a century. Racial and ethnic inequities in care and disparities in outcomes exist across the continuum of stroke care. In this commentary, I discuss several themes that emerged from the recent article, Strategies to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Stroke Preparedness, Care, Recovery, and Risk Factor Control: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. This statement provides a comprehensive overview of interventions aimed at reducing racial and ethnic disparities and highlights gaps in knowledge and research priorities.
On Internal Merge
Authors: Steedman Mark
Published: September 2023

The rule Move, used in various forms in generative grammars to capture displacement or discontinuous constituency, has recently been talked of as an ‘internal’ version of Merge, the operation of simple node or set formation. Internal Merge ‘reconstructs’ the displaced element in its original argument-structural position at the level of logical form via a ‘copy,’ to which it has been identical throughout the derivation. The article addresses the question of how Internal Merge can be formally reduced to standard or ‘external’ merger.

An account of discontinuity is proposed in which copies originate in the lexicon, as seems to be required by a strict interpretation of Chomsky’s (1995b) Inclusiveness Condition, where they can be thought of as binders and variables in lexical logical form. Merger is defined via a small number of type-dependent combinatory rules, which apply to strictly string-adjacent categories to monotonically project from the lexical array varieties of discontinuous dependencies that have been described in terms of various forms of movement, including ‘A,’ ‘Ā’, ‘remnant,’ ‘head,’ ‘parallel,’ ‘sideward,’ ‘covert,’ ‘roll-up,’ and ‘late merger,’ without any attendant constraints other than those projected from lexical categories by merger itself. The analysis extends to a plethora of other discontinuous operations that have been proposed in addition to or instead of Move, including Agree, Label, Transfer, and Delete, all of which are replaced by synchronous monotonic merger of logical form and phonological form of strictly contiguous categories.
International Investment Law and Climate Change: Reframing the ISDS Reform Agenda
Authors: Cotula Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

Ongoing investment law reform processes take the investment treaty system as the starting point. While this can generate actionable reform options, it also entrenches ‘path dependency’ and forecloses space for more foundational questions. This article argues that, in the context of climate change, effective reform requires re-embedding debates within a policy space that places climate at its centre. The argument entails recognising: (i) climate change as a comprehensive ecological, economic and social challenge; (ii) the preferential nature of the protections investment treaties establish for foreign investment; and (iii) the structural misalignments that exist between this legal regime and climate action. It also involves interrogating the normative considerations invoked to justify investment protection treaties. The findings highlight the need to reorient collective reflection towards designing reforms that – rather than address narrowly defined concerns within the current system – develop a new system that can respond to 21st century challenges.
Local Communities, Indigenous Peoples, and Reform/Redefinition of International Investment Law
Authors: Odumosu-Ayanu Ibironke T.
Published: September 2023

Calls to rethink international investment law (IIL) are not new. Yet, current reform efforts have been largely moderate undertakings that do not challenge the underlying rationale and structure of IIL, which have significant implications for local communities and Indigenous peoples. This article argues that while some ongoing reforms may mitigate some challenges of IIL, they do not challenge IIL’s underlying rationale and structure which form the basis for most of the system’s legitimacy concerns. To effectively address IIL’s legitimacy concerns, it must move from moderate reform to perspectives that can foster redefinition of the system, and this requires a re-turn to IIL’s encounters with local communities and Indigenous peoples. The article presents and elucidates three principles that engage the transformative potential of the positions of local communities and Indigenous peoples and support redefinition of IIL – self-determination and agency, democratization, and a reconstructed investment law consciousness.
Elective Affinities: Papal and Regal Privileges for Mount Athos and the Holy Mountain’s Relationship with the Medieval West
Authors: Chitwood Zachary
Published: September 2023

Though the self-presentation of the Holy Mountain as a bastion of Orthodoxy and implacable foe of church union is in some respects justified, popes and western rulers in fact played an important, and not always a hostile, role in the history of Mount Athos. Some of the founding figures of Athonite monasticism had Roman connections, and there were even periods in which the monasteries of Mount Athos sought the protection of popes and potentates from the West. While Athonite archives contain numerous charters stemming from Byzantine and other Orthodox rulers, and the monasteries’ vast Ottoman holdings have received increasing attention in recent years, charters issued by Latin Christian potentates and prelates have largely been overlooked. This contribution adds new information to previous studies of the relationship of Mount Athos with the Medieval West and applies the notion of interreligious founding to the Athonite context, attempting thereby to nuance the notion that Byzantine and Latin religious patronage operated in mutually exclusive spheres, even after the so-called “Great Schism” of 1054.
Towards a Broad Concept of Punctuation
Authors: Richter Matthias L.
Published: September 2023

This article proposes a typology of punctuation devices based on functional criteria. It argues that a broad concept of punctuation – including not only non-“alphanumeric” marks but also layout and spacing as well as script features – is needed to do justice to the diversity of material features of manuscripts and their changes over time.
On the Graphic Variants of Wei 為 in the Bamboo Slips and Bronze Bells from the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
Authors: Cheng Pengwan
Published: September 2023

Among the written sources discovered from the tomb of the Marquis Yi of Zeng 曾侯 乙墓, the character wei 為 distinguishes itself for its potential to reflect the difference of scribes/copyists through its graphic variations. This article attempts to use the different variations of wei on bamboo slips and bronze inscriptions to investigate the relationship between scribes/copyists of these two media. This article proposes that the scribes/copyists who produced the same variation of wei on bamboo slips and bronze inscriptions belonged to one school of scribes.
Pragmatic Consequences of Language Shift: A Contrastive Study of Politeness Marker Loss in Northern Ryukyuan
Authors: van der Lubbe Gijs , Tsutsui Billins Martha , Heinrich Patrick
Published: September 2023

This paper analyses the loss of politeness markers across three generations in the Ryukyuan Islands of Japan. Honorific registers are first lost in endangered languages, and last speakers of an endangered language often state that they avoid using the language to semi-speakers because they do not use polite registers. We give an overview of language endangerment, analyse how individuals reflect on politeness markers, and how language loss and the awareness thereof manifest in language use. We find that the loss of politeness markers does not result in an affront to convention and social order. Japanese, the replacing language, is employed to construct social orders. Linguistically constructed orders in Japanese are different from those in Ryukyuan. In one of the two communities studied, politeness markers no longer function to construct social hierarchies but serve as a ‘we-code’ among locals. The experience of language endangerment works here as a social levelling mechanism.
Hydnotrya qinghaiensis sp. nov. (Discinaceae, Pezizales) from Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: XU AO , LU JIAO-JIAO , LIN WEN-FEI , FAN LI , XIE MENG-LE , WAN SHAN-PING , LI YI
Published: September 2023

Hydnotrya qinghaiensis, a new species, is described from Tibetan Plateau, China. It is characterized by the irregular globose, brownish and large ascomata. Morphologically, the new species differs from the closely related H. cerebriformis and H. variiformis by the color, size, and shape of the ascocarp and the shape of ascospores. A detailed description and comparison with closely related species are provided, and the phylogenetic placement of the new species is also discussed based on the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS).
Two new Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador
Authors: PEÑAHERRERA-R. PEDRO , GUERRERO-CAMPOVERDE ARIEL , LEÓN-E. ROBERTO J. , PINOS-SÁNCHEZ ANDRÉS , FALCÓN-REIBÁN JOSÉ M.
Published: September 2023

Two new species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 are described from the eastern and western slopes of the Andean Cordillera of Ecuador. N. tsere sp. nov. differs from all congeners by having the prolateral inferior keel well developed and longer than prolateral superior keel, prolateral inferior and prolateral superior keels slightly serrated at distal section, prolateral inferior keel not continuous, and retrolateral keel absent. N. cisnerosi sp. nov. differs from all congeners by having a prolateral accessory keel, retrolateral keel, prolateral superior and prolateral inferior keels non-serrated, and the presence of median dorsal granular area rounded-shaped over ventral surface. Comments on biogeography of Neischnocolus are made.
1. A Tour through the Miners’ Strike
Authors: Farmer Paul
Published: September 2023

I start a professional arts career by accident, driving an underpowered bus around the lanes, trunk roads and motorways of Cornwall and England to transport Miracle Theatre, a small-scale Cornish theatre company on a tour of an adaptation of Macbeth and a children’s show called The Joke Machine. Thatcherism is putting to death the countercultural tradition that has formed the cultural ecosystem of alternative theatre practice, and the effects of the physical exhaustion that is the result of a gruelling schedule are exacerbated by a growing awareness of the 1984/85 Miners’ Strike, leading some of us to the conclusion that our efforts are misdirected and that we need to participate in some way in the conflict in the coalfields.
8. A39 Into 1986: The State of Things
Authors: Farmer Paul
Published: September 2023

A39 enacts ‘point of action’ socialism: the conditions of Thatcher’s Britain means that every day is a crisis for a socialist and the members share experiences of the organised Left that render us wary of its shortcomings and pitfalls. A39 makes decisions by consensus. We insist on the right to communicate and to create, not just for us but for everyone. Art is where we can postulate our predictions and our prayers for the achievement of all that humans might be. Theatre too is for everyone, a fundamental aspect of human communication: we find ourselves in demand to work with people with learning difficulties, often through Artshare Cornwall.

We form links with other Cornish theatre companies in the form of the Cornwall Theatre Alliance. At first this feels like a somewhat uneasy truce. Footsbarn Theatre’s departure for Europe has left a creative vacancy: which company will be supported to fill it? It becomes apparent that we are witnessing the beginnings of the inexorable rise of Kneehigh Theatre. But the CTA sustains to mount two substantial festivals and is a context in which lots of misunderstandings can be re-understood and collaborations initiated. Later it will transmute into the Cornwall Theatre Umbrella with links to statutory provision.
Tweeting the Heat: An Analysis of the National Weather Service’s Approach to Extreme Heat Communication on Twitter
Authors: Olson Michele K. , Sutton Jeannette , Waugh Nicholas
Published: September 2023

Heat communication interventions are an essential way that public safety organizations can reduce extreme heat consequences for at-risk groups. Although the aim of these interventions is typically behavior change, these organizations commonly assume that providing information about heat risks, impacts, vulnerable populations, and protective actions will lead individuals to protect themselves. However, behavior change is a complex process whereby messages must be crafted in ways that increase their persuasive effects. To examine the extent to which key assumptions about behavior change are present in public safety organizations’ heat communication interventions, we examine 250 heat-related tweets sent by seven National Weather Service (NWS) weather forecast offices (WFOs) in 2021. We find that these NWS WFOs use technical language or “jargon” to communicate about heat risks and impacts. In addition, we find that information about vulnerable populations and protective actions is not presented in a way that conforms to theory on behavior change. Based on these results, we offer recommendations to increase the persuasiveness of NWS WFO communication interventions that encourage the public to protect themselves during extreme heat events.

Significance Statement

Heat is the leading cause of death among all weather-related hazards. How heat is communicated to the public can help mitigate heat-related morbidity and mortality. However, heat communication interventions are often developed with several embedded assumptions about behavior change that negatively impact their effectiveness. By examining how a key public safety organization communicates about heat on social media, and the extent to which these assumptions are present, we offer recommendations to increase the persuasiveness of NWS heat communication on social media.
“I Need A Break or I Might Quit”: STEM Academics’ Pandemic Experiences
Authors: Gregor Margo A. , Burke Kelly A. , Campbell-Halfaker Devynn , Dunn Marianne G. , Bhatia Avantika
Published: September 2023

This research highlights the voices of 103 STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) women in academia who responded to a series of open-ended questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their work and tenure. The current study also sought to compare these responses to similar questions that were collected a year prior ( n = 84) during the earliest months of the pandemic (Dunn et al., 2022). Consensual qualitative research-modified (CQR-M; Spangler et al., 2011) was utilized to analyze the data. The main findings reveal substantial concerns about the pandemic’s negative impact on academic work, highlighting research disruptions, difficulty balancing demands on time (e.g., extra responsibilities at work, navigating work and family conflicts), impacts on mental health and burnout for women faculty in STEM, and an increase in negative effects from 2020 to 2021. Clinical implications, future research directions, and social advocacy interventions in the context of COVID-19 will be discussed.
Humanistic Psychology, Daoism, and TongXin
Authors: Jinsheng Xu
Published: September 2023

This article assesses the accuracy of and limitations of Maslow’s and Rogers’ understanding and application of Daoist thought. First, Maslow’s articulation of Daoist objectivity in his writings on humanistic science and psychotherapy is analyzed, along with the relationship between Rogers’ three principles of psychotherapy and Daoist philosophy. To further explore the relationship between humanistic psychology and Daoism, the author briefly introduces his proposed TongXin triad,1 a theory that advances Maslow’s understanding of Daoism and also incorporates Rogers’ three principles of psychotherapy.
Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: Muslim Refugee Youths’ Identity Development and Civic Engagement in School-Based Settings
Authors: Cureton Ashley , Aguinaldo Erick
Published: September 2023

Schools have been considered critical institutions for refugee youth. However, Muslim refugee youth experience challenges navigating schools during an increasingly hostile sociopolitical climate for Muslim people. Drawing on the adolescent development framework, this phenomenological study explores how school-based experiences help to shape Muslim refugee youths’ identities. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 refugee youth who attended high schools in Chicago. Findings highlight how Muslim refugee youth expressed negative feelings of school and overall adjustment to their local communities due to stereotypes or perceptions of them being “terrorists” or “violent,” which often translated into discrimination and bullying directed at them at the school level. Second, Muslim refugee youth expressed a desire to be civically engaged in their schools and communities to demonstrate their capacity to be “good citizens” or active participants with a high moral compass. Recommendations are offered on how to support Muslim refugee youth in school settings.
Dementia Simulation for Family Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Karana Zina , Paun Olimpia
Published: September 2023

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Persons with dementia receive substantial assistance from family caregivers over extended periods of time. Family caregivers of persons with dementia are twice as likely to report physical, emotional, and financial challenges related to caregiving compared with other types of family caregivers. Empathy has been demonstrated to improve caregivers’ quality of life and their relationships with care recipients.

Objective:

This scoping review examines the current literature on the effects of dementia simulation on empathy levels in family caregivers of persons with dementia.

Methods:

A librarian-assisted search of 4 databases—PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO, and Scopus—was conducted. Key terms included “dementia,” “family caregivers,” and “simulation.” To broaden reference retrieval, “empathy” was not used as a key term but remained an inclusion criterion during reference screening. Data extraction of relevant references was completed.

Results:

The search yielded 212 citations. Seven eligible dementia simulation studies were identified, including 1 randomized controlled trial, 3 quasi-experimental studies, and 3 qualitative research studies. Only 3 of the 7 studies focused specifically on family caregivers of persons with dementia.

Conclusions:

Qualitative data supported increased empathy in family caregivers, but quantitative findings on changes in empathy levels were inconclusive. Further research using quantitative or mixed-methods designs is necessary to support benefits of simulation on empathy for family caregivers of persons with dementia.
Sociodemographic factors associated with concurrent stunting and wasting among children experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bustos Monica , Lau Lincoln , Manguerra Helena , Dodd Warren
Published: September 2023

Background: The coexistence of stunting and wasting in a child increases the risk of mortality and requires more intensive treatment and care. However, there is limited research on the burden of concurrent stunting and wasting among children and the socioeconomic factors that are correlated with having both conditions. Aim: To understand the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting among a sample of children ages 6–144 months experiencing poverty in the Philippines. Methods: Cross-sectional data were drawn from nutrition screening and sociodemographic surveys conducted by International Care Ministries in 2018-2019. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was conducted to understand the sociodemographic factors that were associated with stunting and wasting. Results: Among the 3005 children in this sample, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting was 49.9%, 9.3%, and 4.6%, respectively. Children experiencing concurrent stunting and wasting lived in households in lower wealth index quintiles, had a household head with fewer years of education, and were more likely to experience food insecurity compared to children who were not stunted or wasted. The education of the household head, the number of household members, and the wealth of the household were correlated with stunting across age groups, while food insecurity was correlated with wasting among younger children. Conclusion: The presence of concurrent stunting and wasting among children provides the impetus to integrate both conditions into nutrition monitoring, prevention, and treatment interventions.
Interfacing AlphaGo: Embodied play, object agency, and algorithmic drama
Authors: Sormani Philippe
Published: September 2023

For decades, playing Go at a professional level has counted among those things that, in Dreyfus’s words, ‘computers still can’t do’. This changed dramatically in early March 2016, at the Four Seasons Hotel in Seoul, South Korea, when AlphaGo, the most sophisticated Go program at the time, beat Lee Sedol, an internationally top-ranked Go professional, by four games to one. A documentary movie has captured and crafted the unfolding drama and, since AlphaGo’s momentous win, the drama has been retold in myriad variations. Yet the exhibition match as a technology demonstration—in short, the ‘ AlphaGo show’—has not received much scrutiny in STS, notwithstanding or precisely because of all the media frenzy, game commentary, and ‘AI’ expertise in its wake. This article therefore revisits the second game’s ‘move 37’, its surprise delivery by AlphaGo on stage, and the subsequent line of commentary by the attending experts, initiated by the news-receipt token ‘ooh’. Drawing upon a reflexive video analysis, the article explicates the Go move’s scenic intelligibility—its embodied delivery as part of the technology demonstration—as the contingent result of intricate ‘human/machine interfacing’. For mainstream media to report on AlphaGo’s ‘superhuman intelligence’, it both relied upon and effaced such interfacing work. In turn, the article describes and discusses how ‘object agency’ and ‘algorithmic drama’ both trade on skillfully embodied play as a pivotal interfacing practice, informing the exhibition match from within its livestream broadcast.
Examining Correlates of Substance Use Treatment Needs for Adults Under Community Supervision
Authors: Graves Brian D. , Mowbray Orion , Aletraris Lydia , Paseda Oluwayomi , Dias Clarissa
Published: September 2023

Substance use among criminal justice-involved adults is a significant concern for the rehabilitation and reintegration into their communities. Few have examined broader associations with substance use among those in probation or parole (community supervision) using an assessment of risks and needs with a representative sample. Using an assessment based on risk-need-responsivity principles, this research applies negative binomial analyses to examine sociodemographic, criminal, and other problem-area correlates of substance use risks and needs among a statewide dataset of adults in community supervision. Results indicated that mental health risk/need was the strongest predictor of substance use risk/need. Other risk areas, including criminal thinking, employment/education, and the presence of delinquent associates (peers/family) were associated with substance use. Implications highlight the ongoing call to develop integrated models of care that treat co-occurring disorders among adults in supervision. Additionally, diversion-oriented efforts that prevent adults with complex treatment needs from reentering the justice system are discussed.
Management of COVID-19 healthcare waste based on the circular economy hierarchy: A critical review
Authors: Voudrias Evangelos A
Published: September 2023

The overall objective of this work was to conduct a critical literature review on the application of the circular economy (CE) hierarchy for the management of COVID-19 healthcare waste (HCW). To describe the problem created by COVID-19 HCW, first, the subsystems of the overall management system, including generation, segregation, classification, storage, collection, transport, treatment and disposal, were reviewed and briefly described. Then, the CE hierarchy using the 10R typology was adapted to the management of COVID-19 HCW and included the strategies Refuse, Reduce, Resell/Reuse, Repair, Reprocess, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle and Recover (energy). Disposal was added as a sink of residues from the CE strategies. Using the detailed 10R CE hierarchy for COVID-19 HCW management is the novelty of this review. It was concluded that R-strategy selection depends on its position in the CE hierarchy and medical item criticality and value. Indicative HCW components, which can be managed by each R-strategy, were compiled, but creating value by recovering infectious downgraded materials contaminated with body fluids and tissues is not currently possible. Therefore, after applying the circular solutions, the end of pipe treatment and disposal would be necessary to close material cycles at the end of their life cycles. Addressing the risks, knowledge gaps and policy recommendations of this article may help to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics without creating environmental crises.
State of Newborn Care in Armed Forces Hospitals
Authors: Singh Daljit , Shaw Subhash Chandra , Nigam Ankur
Published: September 2023

Organized perinatal and newborn care in armed forces hospitals includes preconception and antenatal care, care during labor and childbirth, immediate newborn care, care of small and sick newborn including screening for hypoglycemia, care of healthy newborns in the first week including newborn screening for thyroid disorders, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, universal hearing screening, and universal pulse oximetry. Neonatal mortality was 24.3% in less than 26 weeks (n = 37), 32.6% in neonates born between 26 weeks to 27+6 weeks (n = 95), 6.2% in neonates born between 28 weeks and 31+6 weeks (n = 242), 0.8% in 32 weeks to 36+6 weeks (n = 1890), and 0.1% in term neonates (n = 21,292). The comprehensive health care model in armed forces can be a model for other institutes and health systems for more effective neonatal health care.
Fixed-time controller of visual quadrotor for tracking a moving target
Authors: He Wei , Yuan Liang
Published: September 2023

In order to eliminate the dependence of finite-time control on the initial state of the system in the image-based visual servoing (IBVS) of a quadrotor UAV (QUAV) for the moving target, we propose a control scheme for the moving target of a QUAV based on fixed-time stability. We select the image moments of the virtual camera plane as features and establish an image moment dynamics model that includes target motion parameters based on them. Then, we use the backstepping method to design the fixed-time controller for the system. The design steps of the controller mainly consist of two parts. Firstly, we designed a fixed-time stable linear velocity observer to address the unmeasurable linear velocity and unmeasurable monocular camera depth issues of QUAV. Then, using a high-order tracking differentiator to estimate the target linear velocity as a feedforward, combined with the fixed-time linear velocity observer estimated QUAV linear velocity, we designed a fixed-time controller for the system using the backstepping method. We demonstrated the fixed-time stability of the controller using the Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated by numerical simulation. At the same time, the comparative simulation shows that the method can guarantee the rate of convergence of the system and has high control accuracy.
Historians, Emotions, and Children’s Trauma in the Archives
Authors: Hodgson Jack
Published: September 2023

This reflective essay focuses on the emotionality of children’s creations in the archives, particularly where children’s creations give insight into traumatic histories. I argue that history will be better placed when historians write more openly about the inherently distressing nature of the materials they consume. It is impossible to be unaffected by such material and acknowledging this will make our work more transparent by outlining to readers the context it was written in. The complex, emotive interpretive task historians face is demonstrated using two children’s drawings—one from the Spanish Civil War and the other from the Darfur Genocide.