bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid-Infusion Rituximab in Lymphoma Treatment: 2-Year Experience in a Single Institution
Authors: Atay Sevcan , Barista Ibrahim , Gundogdu Fatma , Akgedik Kiymet , Arpaci Afey
Published: May 2012

A rapid infusion rituximab over 90 minutes is well tolerated and safe when administered as the second and subsequent infusions in the course of therapy.
Daily Life of a Turkish Medical Oncologist
Authors: Serdar Turhal Nazim
Published: May 2012

Despite shortcomings, approval by the public and other health care providers reached nearly 60% in 2010, an all-time high. Future efforts to smooth out problem areas will result in better services.
Productivity Assessment of Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners in Oncology in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Moote Marc , Nelson Ron , Veltkamp Robin , Campbell Darrell
Published: May 2012

Productivity measurement for physician assistants and nurse practitioners can be challenging. This study quantifies their productivity in oncology according to economic indicators such as charges and work relative value units.
Development of a Multidisciplinary, Multicampus Subspecialty Practice in Endocrine Cancers
Authors: Bible Keith C. , Smallridge Robert C. , Morris John C. , Molina Julian R. , Suman Vera J. , Copland John A. , Rubin Joseph , Menefee Michael E. , Sideras Kostandinos , Maples William J. , McIver Bryan , Fatourechi Vahab , Hay Ian , Foote Robert L. , Garces Yolanda I. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Grant Clive S. , Richards Melanie L. , Sebo Thomas , Lloyd Ricardo , Eberhardt Norman L. , Reddi Honey V. , Casler John D. , Karlin Nina J. , Westphal Sydney A. , Richardson Ronald L. , Buckner Jan C. , Erlichman Charles
Published: May 2012

The development of subspecialty tumor groups for uncommon malignancies represents an effective approach to building experience, increasing patient volumes and referrals, and fostering development of increased therapeutic options and clinical trials for patients afflicted with otherwise historically neglected cancers.
US Payer Perspectives on Evidence for Formulary Decision Making
Authors: Wang Anthony , Halbert Ronald J. , Baerwaldt Tiffany , Nordyke Robert J.
Published: May 2012

To improve formulary design processes and support payers in providing more effective health care, policy makers should consider involving commercial payers in the development of comparative effectiveness research and creation of research and treatment guidelines.
Impact of Payment Reform on Chemotherapy at the End of Life
Authors: Colla Carrie H. , Morden Nancy E. , Skinner Jonathan S. , Hoverman J. Russell , Meara Ellen
Published: May 2012

Payment reform may be used to better align appropriate financial incentives with better quality of care.
Guideline-Based Peer-to-Peer Consultation Optimizes Pegfilgrastim Use With No Adverse Clinical Consequences
Authors: Fishman Marc L. , Kumar Akhil , Davis Sharon , Shimp William , Hrushesky William J.M.
Published: May 2012

Active expert peer-to-peer consultation with prescribing oncologists can promote adherence to guidelines and lead to cost reductions without risk of neutropenic fever, with or without hospitalization, for patients with cancer.
Implementation of Cancer Clinical Care Pathways: A Successful Model of Collaboration Between Payers and Providers
Authors: Feinberg Bruce A. , Lang James , Grzegorczyk James , Stark Donna , Rybarczyk Thomas , Leyden Thomas , Cooper Joseph , Ruane Thomas , Milligan Scott , Stella Philip , Scott Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2012

A statewide collaboration between payers and providers to create a cancer clinical care pathways program is successful.
Don Patinkin's PhD Dissertation as the Prehistory of Disequilibrium Theories
Authors: Rubin Goulven
Published: May 2012

In the opening sentence of Money, Interest, and Prices, Patinkin noted that his book was the outgrowth of ideas first presented in his doctoral dissertation. This claim has attracted the attention of most scholars who have written about his works in recent years. As shown by articles by such historians as Mauro Boianovsky, Perry Mehrling, and the present author, reading Patinkin's doctoral dissertation shed new light on his major work. However, those articles only contain partial presentations of the thesis. This essay helps to fill that gap. It offers a detailed presentation of the second part of Patinkin's dissertation and claims that it foreshadowed the research programs of disequilibrium theorists of the 1970s.
Celso Furtado and the Structuralist-Monetarist Debate on Economic Stabilization in Latin America
Authors: Boianovsky Mauro
Published: May 2012

This article investigates Celso Furtado's role in the broad controversy between structuralists and monetarists about inflation and stabilization that took place in Latin America between the mid-1950s and early 1960s. Furtado was the first to relate Latin American chronic inflation to the new growth pattern of the region after the acceleration of the industrialization process in the 1930s. The Brazilian economist criticized the applicability of the monetary approach to the balance of payments to developing countries and put forward an alternative interpretation of the connection between external disequilibrium and inflation. Furtado formulated and tried to implement in 1962–63 the first structuralist stabilization plan—called the Three-Year Plan—in a Latin American country, based on “gradualism” and regarded as an alternative to stabilization policies sponsored by the IMF in the region.
Alfred Marshall's Reported Birthplace: Evidence from the Censuses
Authors: Littlechild Stephen
Published: May 2012

Ronald Coase posed the question, Did Alfred Marshall know where he was born? Coase conjectured that Marshall's changing place of birth as reported in the 1881 and 1891 censuses was due to his vagueness in giving information about it to his wife. This article examines the evidence now available from three additional censuses (1851, 1901, and 1911). It confirms that Marshall did know where he was born. And the evidence suggests an alternative (and darker) reason for Marshall's reported places of birth.
How Keynesian Economics Came to China
Authors: Trescott Paul B.
Published: May 2012

The central ideas of Keynes's General Theory were introduced into China soon after its publication in 1936. Yao Qingsan, who had studied in France, made the first known presentation. Numerous persons who had studied in England helped disseminate Keynes's ideas: Michael Lindsay, Fan Hong, Xu Yunan, Teng Maotong, Wu Qiyuan. Xu Yunan and Wang Chuanlun prepared a translation of the General Theory in the 1940s, but it was not published until 1957. At Harvard, Keynes's ideas were applied in several doctoral dissertations by Chinese students. H. D. Fong, one of the leaders of the Nankai University Institute of Economics, studied with Alvin Hansen in 1941 and promoted inclusion of Keynesian material in the Nankai curriculum. Several Nankai faculty and graduate students published expositions and applications of Keynes in the early 1940s. The communist government that came to power in 1949 expressed strong disapproval of Keynes's ideas. This became a major element in the anti-rightist movement of 1957–58. However, after Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Keynesian ideas (although unacknowledged) figured prominently in government demand-management policies.
Editor's Introduction
Authors: Barlow Tani
Published: May 2012

Issue 20.1 introduces changes in the positions project which widen the “Asia” or “Asias” that contributors can expect to reference in their work. The journal's name change from positions: east asia cultures critique to positions: asia critique signals several changes. The cultures signifier fades into the intellectual history of an earlier time; the word critique remains. Walter Benjamin's proposal that critique be the mark of the immanent yet apocalyptic claim to historical truth cannot be vacated. Thus twenty years after the founding of the project, we pause to invent an appropriate anniversary issue for renewing this journal. Essays consequently focus on the maturation of lines of research and on what, in light of the passage of a full generation of scholarship, might be issues just arising on the historical horizon. The first set of essays introduces the reader to the ideological and intellectual conditions that laid the foundation for the critiques during the journal's founding years. The second section of the anniversary issue indicates some viable directions for future scholarship, and the third section includes interviews, commemorations, and commentaries. This anniversary issue showcases a wide range of contemporary art of “Asia.”
Populist Politics in Asian Networks: Positions for Rethinking the Question of Political Subjectivity
Authors: Morris Rosalind C.
Published: May 2012

This article examines the history of populist politics in Asia, and particularly in Thailand, in relation to two major developments: the rise of culturalism on the one hand, and the emergence of technologically mediated forms of protest politics on the other. Against a backdrop in which culturalism came to displace the more agonistic framework of class analysis, the essay explores transformations in the concept of political subjectivity, and the degree to which theatricalized expressions of discontent came to stand in for other kinds of politicization. I suggest that this mediatized drive to expression is borne of a desire for recognition within a distorted concept of the public sphere, and I argue further that the terms by which an escape from subalternity is being pursued in the contemporary world are no longer only those of “being heard” or “having a voice,” but of being “seen to speak.” This fact is then understood in terms of other developments in the global economy, and in reference to the specific history of electoral politics in the era of Thaksin Shinawatra.
Positions and Positionalities: After Two Decades
Authors: Sakai Naoki
Published: May 2012

In characterizing one of the extraordinary achievements of positions: east asia cultures critique, one cannot overestimate a political investment gradually constituted, wittingly or unwittingly, throughout the career of the periodical by the editorial team to counteract the implicit separation between the West and Asia, a regime of what Johannes Fabian called “the denial of coevalness” that insists on two different temporalities in which area specialists and indigenous informants are supposed to live separately. It has been presumed that the positionality of area specialists is defined, instituted, and naturalized by the given fact of distance in geography, cultures, and religious traditions; degree in the development of capitalist modernization; and so forth; between the West and Asia. A discussion about the conceptual distinction of positionality from position elucidates that the positionality of area specialists, marked as being in the West as opposed to indigenous informants as being in Asia, has nothing to do with geography, culture, the degree of development in capitalist modernization, or religion. By challenging the discourse of the West and the Rest in which the disciplines of area studies have been couched, positions: east asia cultures critique has opened up a forum that inhabits the institutions of area studies but that has incessantly disrupted area studies' foundational commitment to the discourse of the West and the Rest.
A Dialogue on The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought: Liberating the Object and an Inquiry into the Modern
Authors: Hui Wang
Published: May 2012

In this dialogue, Wang Hui explains his writing of The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought, especially how he started from Lu Xun studies to the research of Chinese intellectual history. He interprets the connotations and meanings of the thesis he raised in this four-volume book around topics covered by each volume, titled repectively, “Principle and Things,” “Empire and Nation-State,” “Gongli and Anti-Gongli,” and “The Community of Scientific Discourse,” as well as argues for his methodology of “liberating the objects.”
Reading as Watching: What We See and What We Get
Authors: Zito Angela
Published: May 2012

In autumn 2010, I reread the fifty-four issue-books of positions for its use of images. This essay demonstrates that where the image's gestures animate, supplement, and haunt the written text, we find the edge of our critical practice. Journals, like framed shots, have their limitations. What is worth analyzing in social life remains abstract (for example, changes in ways of thinking), intractable (such as shifts in class power dimensions), and invisibly structured (capital in various manifestations). Without sustained effort to materialize analysis (in written and oral language; in images, still and moving; in diagrams and tables), no critique or even understanding, would be possible. Even then, visual information remains a gesture toward larger problems “beyond the frame.” I argue that discursive constitution through cultural performativity describes the journal's critical mission. An image does things that text cannot, but I think it does them best in conjunction with, and close by, words, so that there is the possibility for mutual interruption and dialogue. In print form, images work in specific ways, so part of my thinking concerns the digital future. After considering the creative ways images have inhabited the journal's “books,” I introduce ephemeral embodied performance art and the concept of “relational aesthetics” to discuss documentary filmmaking today. I suggest useful analogies from current art making. How might we reimagine the performance of our writing and reading labors in the future production of the journal, which will be online and likely no longer on paper?
Circumstances, Politics, and History: Reading Notes on Wang Hui's “General Introduction” to The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought
Authors: Pozzana Claudia , Russo Alessandro
Published: May 2012

The authors discuss the role that two key categories of Wang Hui's “General Introduction” to The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought, namely, the pair “heavenly principles/axiomatic” and “temporal circumstances,” play in opening a basic renovation of the investigation on the modern Chinese intellectuality. The article also examines the political and intellectual circumstances in which Wang Hui's work was conceived and developed, focusing on the passage from the 1960s to the 1990s and the exhaustion of the network of previous historical-political categories structuring the dichotomy of empire and nation-state.
Ten Years of Queer Cinema in China
Authors: Spencer Norman A.
Published: May 2012

“Ten Years of Queer Cinema in China” is a photo memoir with twenty photographs and commentary that documents two important cultural events rarely mentioned in US discussions of Chinese underground cinema. They are the First Chinese Gay and Lesbian Film Festival held at Beijing University in November of 2001 and the February 2001 screening of Andrew Cheng's Shanghai Panic (2001). Both events mark the moment when queer cultural activists began organizing their own events and establishing their singular film culture. What is unique about this period in Chinese cultural history is that Chinese queer cinema played an important role in the broader movement for Chinese personal and artistic freedom. During 2001 and 2002, Chinese were attending the same underground film events. They heard about them on the Internet or by word of mouth. Some traveled a long distance to attend them. And this led to an emerging sense of community and sometimes a collective euphoria about embracing a new culture that openly challenges repressive social boundaries.
The Return of the Repressed: Uncanny Spaces of Nostalgia and Loss in Trần Anh Hùng's Cyclo
Authors: Robert Christophe
Published: May 2012

Trần Anh Hùng is best known for three films: The Scent of the Green Papaya (1993), Cyclo (1995), and Vertical Ray of the Sun (2000), known as his Vietnam Trilogy. In this article I propose the notion of the return of a repressed, painful, and violent wartime past, which takes form narratively through a meditation on uncanny spaces—spaces of wandering, longing, anxiety, and loss.

I argue that Hùng's Cyclo represents the return of themes that have been repressed in Vietnamese cinema and literature and in everyday life in general in Vietnam, until recently. Nostalgia and loss can now be expressed in film and literature, which was not possible until the 1990s. This stems from a reevaluation of wartime suffering occurring now, a generation after the end of war in Vietnam in 1975. This also results from a gradual easing of state controls on arts and media in Vietnam in the 1990s. Recent Vietnamese films and literature have begun to focus on the massive human costs and painful aftermath of the war. These are articulated through tropes of mourning, silences, and loss. My hypothesis is that the uncanny occupies a privileged place in contemporary Vietnamese visual and written narratives because of this “return” of themes that had been repressed for political reasons since the end of the war.

Trần Anh Hùng was born in Vietnam in 1962. He and his family left as refugees at the end of the war in 1975. Cyclo, filmed on location in the first large-scale foreign production in Vietnam, marked his return to his birthplace. Hùng reembodies his torn Vietnamese identity through montage of spaces of poverty, crime, and loss. The chain-smoking poet, played by Hong Kong actor Tony Leung Chiu Wai, drifts silently through interiors that seemingly bear no relationship to the dangerous, grimy streets outside. I examine the spatial opposition between streets and interiors, and why Hùng focuses so strongly on abjection, silences, and failed articulation of desires. The figure of the poor, beautiful woman forced into prostitution to save her family is almost a cliché in Vietnamese fiction—and so is that of her poor young brother, who struggles for survival in a threatening urban underworld. I query whether these familiar narrative tropes of abjection provide new spaces for understanding the shift away from a war-torn society, or whether they replicate a persistent, romantic self-Orientalizing thread in modern Vietnamese fiction.
A Market-Based Measure of Credit Portfolio Quality and Banks' Performance During the Subprime Crisis
Authors: Knaup Martin , Wagner Wolf
Published: May 2012

We propose a new method for measuring the quality of banks' credit portfolios. This method makes use of information embedded in bank share prices by exploiting differences in their sensitivity to credit default swap spreads of borrowers of varying quality. The method allows us to derive a credit risk indicator (CRI). This indicator represents the perceived share of high-risk exposures in a bank's portfolio and can be used as a risk weight for computing regulatory capital requirements. We estimate CRIs for the 150 largest U.S. bank holding companies. We find that their CRIs are able to forecast bank failures and share price performances during the crisis of 2007–2009, even after controlling for a variety of traditional asset quality and general risk proxies.

This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Comparing Business and Household Sector Innovation in Consumer Products: Findings from a Representative Study in the United Kingdom
Authors: von Hippel Eric , de Jong Jeroen P. J. , Flowers Stephen
Published: May 2012

In a first survey of its type, we measure development and modification of consumer products by product users in a representative sample of 1,173 UK consumers age 18 and older. We estimate this previously unmeasured type of household sector innovation to be quite large: 6.1% of UK consumers—nearly 2.9 million individuals—have engaged in consumer product innovation during the prior three years. In aggregate, consumers' annual product development expenditures are more than 1.4 times larger than the annual consumer product R&D expenditures of all firms in the United Kingdom combined. Consumers engage in many small projects that seem complementary to the innovation efforts of incumbent producers. Consumer innovators very seldom protect their innovations via intellectual property, and 17% diffuse to others. These results imply that, at the country level, productivity studies yield inflated effect sizes for producer innovation in consumer goods. They also imply that existing companies should reconfigure their product development systems to find and build on prototypes developed by consumers.

This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
The Relational Advantages of Intermediation
Authors: Belavina Elena , Girotra Karan
Published: May 2012

This paper provides a novel explanation for the use of supply chain intermediaries. We find that even in the absence of the well-known transactional and informational advantages of mediation, intermediaries improve supply chain performance. In particular, intermediaries facilitate responsive adaptation of the buyers' supplier base to their changing needs while simultaneously ensuring that suppliers behave as if they had long-term sourcing commitments from buying firms. In the face of changing buyer needs, an intermediary that sources on behalf of multiple buyers can responsively change the composition of future business committed to a supplier such that a sufficient level of business comes from the buyer(s) that most prefer this supplier. On the other hand, direct buyers that source only for themselves must provide all their committed business to a supplier from their own sourcing needs, even if they no longer prefer this supplier. Unlike existing theories of intermediation, our theory better explains the observed phenomenon that although transactional barriers and information asymmetries have steadily decreased, the use of intermediaries has soared, even among large companies such as Walmart.

This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Seasonal Energy Storage Operations with Limited Flexibility: The Price-Adjusted Rolling Intrinsic Policy
Authors: Wu Owen Q. , Wang Derek D. , Qin Zhenwei
Published: May 2012

The value of seasonal energy storage depends on how the firm operates storage to capture seasonal price spreads. Energy storage operations typically face limited operational flexibility characterized by the speed of storing and releasing energy, which makes the optimal policy, in general, difficult to compute. A widely used practice-based heuristic, the rolling intrinsic (RI) policy, generally performs well compared with an optimal policy but can significantly underperform in some cases. In this paper, we aim to understand the gap between the RI policy and the optimal policy and leverage the resulting insights to improve the RI policy. A new heuristic policy, the price-adjusted rolling intrinsic (PARI) policy, is developed based on theoretical analysis of storage options. This heuristic adjusts certain prices before applying the RI policy to provide the RI policy with estimates of the values of various storage options. We evaluate the performance of the RI and PARI polices using actual data from the natural gas industry. Our results show that, on average, the PARI policy recovers about 67% of the value loss of the RI policy. Furthermore, when the value loss of the RI policy is larger, the PARI policy tends to recover a higher fraction of that value loss.
Joan of Arc, the Church, and the Papacy, 1429-1920
Authors: Taylor Larissa Juliet
Published: May 2012

In modern times, Joan of Arc has been depicted as a victim of the medieval Church, a saint who has been used to justify various and opposing ideologies, or a feminist icon. The author argues against oversimplifications, for Joan lived in a political world of intrigue, court factions, and complex dynastic relationships that provided the backdrop for her military successes and the cause of her downfall. In her own time, Joan was viewed not as a saint, but first and foremost as a soldier and leader fighting for the French cause.
Abbatial Obedience, Liturgical Reform, and the Threat of Monastic Autonomy at the Turn of the Twelfth Century
Authors: Vanderputten Steven
Published: May 2012

The author argues that the introduction of the written promise of obedience made by abbots to the local bishop, as recorded in liturgical manuals of the late-twelfth century, was the result of a process that began at least a century earlier. By looking at an exceptional set of liturgical and archival sources from the Bishopric of Arras in northern France and putting them in their appropriate canonical, liturgical, and political contexts, the author shows how, in the late- eleventh and early-twelfth centuries, reformist bishops were experimenting with a ritual repertoire that included references—be they intended or inferred—to both the monastic profession and secular homage.
Cristero Diaspora: Mexican Immigrants, The U.S. Catholic Church, and Mexico's Cristero War, 1926-29
Authors: Young Julia G.
Published: May 2012

The author examines the connections between Mexico's Cristero War, a bloody church-state conflict that raged across west-central Mexico from 1926 to 1929, and the great wave of Mexican emigration to the United States that occurred during the same period. Although historians have generally treated the Cristero War and Mexican emigration as two distinct and unrelated subjects, a rich array of archival evidence from both sides of the border demonstrates that thousands of Mexican immigrants during the late 1920s supported the Cristero cause from the United States. By elucidating the geographical and political interconnections between the Cristero War and Mexican emigration and exploring the instrumental role played by the U.S. Catholic Church in placing religious exiles from Mexico within immigrant communities, the author demonstrates the development of a diaspora of Mexican Cristero supporters across cities and regions in the United States.
Geographies of the Name: Naming Practices among the Muisca and Páez in the Audiencias of Santafé and Quito, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Herrera Angel Marta , Muñoz Arbeláez Santiago , Paredes Cisneros Santiago
Published: May 2012

En este artículo estudiamos los nombres de personas incluidos en numeraciones o padrones de grupos indígenas Muisca y Páez de las audiencias de Santafé y Quito en el período colonial. Al contextualizar la información que proporcionan mediante la consulta de otro tipo de documentos, tales como procesos judiciales y vocabularios o diccionarios de la época, es posible apreciar la vinculación entre los nombres y la estructura social de la cual formaban parte. En su conjunto, los problemas que tratamos remiten a la forma como las estructuras nominativas y relacionales que se expresan en los nombres reflejan aspectos centrales de la organización social.
A True and Faithful Copy: Reproducing Indian Maps in the Seventeenth-Century Valley of Oaxaca
Authors: Hidalgo Alexander
Published: May 2012

El uso de mapas indígenas en el centro y sur de México durante el siglo XVI goza de una rica tradición historiográfica que a su vez ha pasado por alto las actividades cartográficas posteriores a este período. Aunque la producción de mapas hechos por indígenas disminuyó a principios del siglo XVII, un número pequeño de mapas a finales de este siglo y a principios del XVIII sugiere que las actividades cartográficas de origen indígena continuaban informando prácticas espaciales en el valle de Oaxaca. En este artículo se analiza el caso de Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, un pueblo mixteco que durante cincuenta años litigó los limites de una estancia de ganado menor definida por una serie de árboles y mojones de piedra. Durante la última fase del litigio, los oficiales de república introdujeron un mapa antiguo que requería una copia. Copias de mapas antiguos circularon principalmente en el valle donde se intensificó la competencia por recursos naturales después de 1680 arrojando luz sobre la forma en que los actores sociales se ocuparon, mantuvieron, y generaron memorias colectivas sobre el pasado para negociar el medio ambiente.
Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Is Formed through the Co-culture of Passaged Human Chondrocytes and Primary Bovine Chondrocytes
Authors: Taylor Drew W. , Ahmed Nazish , Hayes Anthony J. , Ferguson Peter , Gross Allan E. , Caterson Bruce , Kandel Rita A.
Published: May 2012

To circumvent the problem of a sufficient number of cells for cartilage engineering, the authors previously developed a two-stage culture system to redifferentiate monolayer culture-expanded dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes by co-culture with primary bovine chondrocytes (bP0). The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of the cartilage tissue formed in stage 1 and compare it with bP0 grown alone to determine the optimal length of the co-culture stage of the system. Biochemical data show that extracellular matrix accumulation was evident after 2 weeks of co-culture, which was 1 week behind the bP0 control culture. By 3 to 4 weeks, the amounts of accumulated proteoglycans and collagens were comparable. Expression of chondrogenic genes, Sox 9, aggrecan, and collagen type II, was also at similar levels by week 3 of culture. Immunohistochemical staining of both co-culture and control tissues showed accumulation of type II collagen, aggrecan, biglycan, decorin, and chondroitin sulfate in appropriate zonal distributions. These data indicate that co-cultured cells form cartilaginous tissue that starts to resemble that formed by bP0 after 3 weeks, suggesting that the optimal time to terminate the co-culture stage, isolate the now redifferentiated cells, and start stage 2 is just after 3 weeks.
Chromogen-based Immunohistochemical Method for Elucidation of the Coexpression of Two Antigens Using Antibodies from the Same Species
Authors: Nakata Takahiro , Suzuki Natsuki
Published: May 2012

The authors established a chromogen-based, double immunolabeling method using antibodies from the same species without any unwanted cross-reactivity. In addition, time-consuming staining steps were shortened by using polymer-based secondary antibodies. Taking advantage of the nature of the chromogen 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), which is used as a horseradish peroxidase substrate for antibody detection, the AEC-derived signals in the first color development were easily eliminated by alcohol treatment. Therefore, the signals from the first staining did not interfere with those from the subsequent second staining, which used the chromogen 3,3′-diaminobenzidine. The co-localization of antigens within the same cell could be confirmed using this method, because cell images of the individual dye staining steps could be obtained and developed. The images from each step could be expressed in pseudo-colors in a dark field by using a computer. As a result, merged images could be constructed that resembled the images acquired by the fluorescent immunolabeling technique. The resolution of this method enabled analysis of the coexpression of two antigens in the same cell in the same section. The authors have named this staining technique the elucidation of the coexpression of two antigens in a cell using antibodies from the same species (ECSS).
A rabbit model for studying degeneration and regeneration properties of young striated muscle at different distraction rates
Authors: Berki Sándor , Klára Tamás , Szőke György , Németh Tibor , Dunay Miklós , Pap Károly
Published: May 2012

The present study evaluated the histological changes in the muscle tissue after limb lengthening in skeletally immature rabbits and assessed the effect of different lengthening rates on the regeneration and degeneration properties of striated muscle. Thirteen different lengthening protocols were applied on a total of 16 male domestic white rabbits divided into four groups. The histopathological changes were analysed by a semiquantitative method according to the scoring system of Lee et al. (1993). After evaluation of the five main degenerative parameters (muscle atrophy, internalisation of muscle nuclei, degeneration of the muscle fibre, perimysial and endomysial fibrosis, haematomas), it is evident that rabbits subjected to limb lengthening at a rate of 3.2 mm/day showed more degenerative changes than those limb-lengthened at 0.8 or 1.6 mm/day. Our study showed that the regenerative mechanisms were not endless. If the daily lengthening rate reached the 3.2 mm/day limit, the regenerating ability of the muscle decreased, and signs of degeneration increased significantly.
First report of a malignant collision skin tumour with malignant melanoma and anaplastic sarcoma components in a dog
Authors: Jakab Csaba , Balka Gyula
Published: May 2012

This paper describes the occurrence of a rare skin tumour that has been removed surgically from the upper lip of a 13-year-old Tibetan spaniel. The tumour was 0.5 cm in diameter and macroscopically appeared as a single dermal mass, but histopathological analysis identified it as a biphasic collision mixed tumour. In the anatomically uniform tumour, 70% (4 mm in diameter) of the total parenchyma was formed by a high-grade sarcoma (with the presence of giant cells), and about 30% of it (1 mm in diameter) was a malignant melanoma (again with the presence of giant cells). The histologically distinct, but anatomically uniform tumour parts were separated by a macroscopically invisible, non-neoplastic epithelial process originating from the overlying hyperplastic epidermis. The two malignant components did not infiltrate the peritumoural vessels and each other’s substance. In the sarcoma part, the mitotic and apoptotic indexes were 32 and 8, respectively, whereas in the melanoma part the same parameters were 10 and 6, respectively. During the immunohistochemical investigations anti-α-SMA, anticytokeratin AE1-AE3, anti-Melan-A, anti-Ki-67 and anti-claudin-5 antibodies were applied. In conclusion, this is the first report of a primary cutaneous malignant biphasic collision mixed tumour formed by an anaplastic sarcoma with giant cells and a malignant melanoma.
Ligand-induced changes in Oestrogen and thyroid hormone receptor expression in the developing rat cerebellum: A comparative quantitative PCR and Western blot study
Authors: Scalise Trudy , Győrffy Andrea , Tóth István , Kiss Dávid , Somogyi Virág , Goszleth Gréta , Bartha Tibor , Frenyó László , Zsarnovszky Attila
Published: May 2012

Oestrogen (E2) and thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of cerebellar development. Recent reports implicate a complex mechanism through which E2 and THs influence the expression levels of each other’s receptors (ERs and TRs) to precisely mediate developmental signals and modulate signal strength. We examined the modulating effects of E2 and THs on the expression levels of their receptor mRNAs and proteins in cultured cerebellar cells obtained from 7-day-old rat pups. Cerebellar granule cell cultures were treated with either E2, THs or a combination of these hormones, and resulting receptor expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results were compared to non-treated controls and to samples obtained from 14-day-oldin situcerebella. Additionally, we determined the glial effects on the regulation of ER-TR expression levels. The results show that (i) ER and TR expression depends on the combined presence of E2 and THs; (ii) glial cells mediate the hormonal regulation of neuronal ER-TR expression and (iii) loss of tissue integrity results in characteristic changes in ER-TR expression levels. These observations suggest that both E2 and THs, in adequate amounts, are required for the precise orchestration of cerebellar development and that alterations in the ratio of E2/THs may influence signalling mechanisms involved in neurodevelopment. Comparison of data fromin vitroandin situsamples revealed a shift in receptor expression levels after loss of tissue integrity, suggesting that such adjusting/regenerative mechanisms may function after cerebellar tissue injury as well.
Análise foliar em cinco espécies de eucaliptos
Authors: Haag H. P. , Sarruge J. R. , Oliveira G. S. , Poggiani P. , Ferreira C. A.
Published: May 2012

Foram coletadas 200 folhas recem maduras de meia altura (H = 11 m) da copa das espécies E. graandis, E. microcorys, E. saligna de sete anos de idade, localizadas em solo latossolo, na região de Mogi Guaçu e Areia Branca, SP. As folhas foram analisadas para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn com os objetivos de detectar exigências nutricionais distintas para as espécies, assim como correlacionar o teor dos nutrientes com o volume cilíndrico de madeira (m³/ha). Constatou-se diferenças significativas na composição química entre as espécies. A espécie E. granais apresenta um teor mais elevado em N, P, K e S. As concentrações mais baixas dos nutrientes são encontradas no E. microcorys. Foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os locais nas espécies com exceção de Mg, B, Cu, Fe e Zn. Teores elevados em Mn foram constatados nas folhas de todas as espécies. O eucalipto de maior produção é o E. grandis, sendo o E. microcorys o de menor produção. Foi constatada correlação positiva entre N, P, K, S e Fe nas folhas e produção cilíndrica de madeira.
Mineralogia de alguns solos da Bacia Sedimentar do Recôncavo Baiano
Authors: Dias Antonio Carlos C.P. , Demttê J.L.I.
Published: May 2012

Foram estudados dez perfis de solos representativos da Bacia Sedimentar do Recôncavo Baiano com o principal objetivo de examinar a mineralogia da fração argila e suas implicações genéticas. Para tanto foram coletados dois perfis de Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo e oito de Grumossois. Amostras de argila de cada horizonte foram obtidas através de fracionamento de rotina. Tais amostras sofreram pré-tratamento para a eliminação de sais solúveis, matéria orgânica e óxidos de ferro livres. Em seguida foram analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. A caulinita foi o mineral dominante no Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo com teores médios de 55%. Entre os minerais de grade 2:1 a mica foi dominante com teores médios de 15%. Ficou evidente a transformação mica-caulinita. Nos Grumossois a porcentagem dos minerais de grade 2:1 (mica vermiculita e montmorilonita) está em torno de 70 a 80%. Dentre estes a montmorilonita é o mineral dominante. Ficou evidente a transformação montmorilonita caulinita para tais perfis. Mesmo entre os perfis de Grumossois houve diferença de intemperismo. Tais solos foram grupados em: perfis BS5 e BS8 sendo perismo. Tais solos com baixo teor de caulinita (teor médio 5%); perfis BS9 e BS10 com teor relativamente elevado de caulinita (teor médio 30%) e os demais perfis com teores intermediários de caulinita.
Nutrição mineral de hortaliças XXX: absorção de micronutrientes por quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria sp.)
Authors: Souza A. F. , Haag H. P. , Oliveira G. D. de , Sarruge J. R. , Minami K.
Published: May 2012

Efetuou-se um estudo para avaliar a absorção e a extração de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nos cultivares Campinas (IAC-2712), Camanducaia (IAC-3530), Monte Alegre (IAC-3113), SH-2 em condições de Campo. O ensaio foi instalado em um solo pertencente ao grande grupo Terra Roxa Extruturada, na série "Luiz de Queiroz" em Piracicaba, SP. A adubação empregada foi uniforme para todos os cultivares e constou em 10 g/m linear de sulfato de amônio, superfosfato triplo e cloreto de ptoássio. Trinta dias após o transplante foram aplicados 10 g de sulfato de amônio por planta. As plantas foram amostradas aos 16 dias após o transplante e as demais amostragens feitas em intervalos regalares de vinte dias até aos 216 dias. As plantas foram divididas em caules (pecíolo + coroa), folhas e frutos e analisadas para B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os cultivares diferem na absorção de Cu, Fe, Mm e Zn para caules, folhas e em B, Cu e Fe para os frutos. Os cultivares exportam em quantidades diferentes os micronutrientes, obedecendo a seguinte ordem decrescente: F, Zn, B, Mn e Cu.
Efeitos da aplicação de fertilizantes comerciais, via foliar, em gloxínea (Sinningia speciosa, Hiern)
Authors: Bittencourt José Francisco N. , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Mattos Jairo Ribeiro de
Published: May 2012

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a resposta da Gloxínea (Sinniingia speciosa, Hiern) à aplicação de fertilizantes comerciais, via foliar. Foram testados Yogen n.° 2, Alimento para Plantas e Wuxal. Yogen foi o de melhor efeito, aumentando o período de florescimento em mais de dez dias e duplicando o número de flores produzidas, quando aplicado em intervalo de 10 e de 20 dias.
Extração de nutrientes durante o desenvolvimento do fruto do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg)
Authors: Fernandes P. D. , Oliveira G. D. de , Ruggiero C. , Haag H. P.
Published: May 2012

Com o objetivo de aquilatar a extração dos macro e micronutrientes, com exceção do cloro e do molibdênio, pelo fruto do maracujá amarelo, frutos foram colhidos de 10 a 80 dias de idade e analisados. Observou-se um aumento no peso do fruto até ao final da colheita. Nitrogênio e potássio figuram entre os elementos extraídos em maiores quantidades, 359 mg e 350 mg, respectivamente. Entre os micronutrientes, coube ao zinco a máxima absorção, 936 mg, seguido pelo ferro, 720 mg. O cobre foi absorvido em menor quantidade 72 mg.
Teor de ácido ascórbico de couve-flor (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) conservada à temperatura ambiente, em geladeira e em congelador
Authors: Gutierrez Luiz Eduardo , Minami Keigo , Cesar Junior Wilson P. , Oliveira Ida Maria V. , Silva Ilene Ribeiro da , Fiore Sonia Maria
Published: May 2012

Amostras de couve-flor (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) foram armazenadas à temperatura ambiente, a 5°C (geladeira) e a - 20°C (congelador) e foram feitas as análises para ácido ascórbico. O teor de ácido ascórbico não variou durante o período de resfriamento e as amostras de couve-flor congelada mostrou uma redução de 50% durante 12 dias de armazenamento. Amostras colocadas à temperatura ambiente apresentaram um pequeno aumento até os 3 dias. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tipos de embalagens usadas (garrafa de vidro, sacos plásticos e folhas de alumínio) quanto ao teor de ácido ascórbico.
Efeitos de doses de fósforo em mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.), cultivar 'Campinas'
Authors: Nakagawa Júlio , Neptune A. M. Louis , Vieira F. Roberto , Bataglia O. Cleante
Published: May 2012

Nos últimos trabalhos de adubação, feitos no Estado de São Paulo, com mamoneira, tem-se observado que o fósforo é o fator limitante na produção de sementes. Para observar como o fósforo atua no crescimento, na produção e nos teores de óleo e de macronutrientes nos frutos, foi realizado um ensaio de campo, utilizando-se cultivar "Campinas" e as doses de 0-40-80-120-160 e 200 kg/ha de P2O5, num solo pobre, classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Escuro - fase arenosa. Em relação ao tratamento sem fósforo, o incremento médio observado na produção de sementes foi de 320,40%. Esses aumentos foram alcançados porque o fósforo contribuiu para aumentar o número de frutos, por cacho e por parcela, diminuir a porcentagem de casca no fruto e aumentar o peso de sementes por cacho. Dentre os cachos, os primários sempre reagiram melhor ao fósforo. Contribuiu também para elevar o teor do próprio fósforo nas sementes e uma tendência a diminuir o teor de nitrogênio nas cascas. O teor de óleo nas sementes não foi afetado pela adição de fósforo no solo.
Contagem total de bactérias e enumeração de coliformes em cortes de varejo de carne bovina e em equipamentos de supermercados
Authors: Martinelli Filho Alcides , Graner Murilo , Barbin Décio , Silveira Expedito T. F.
Published: May 2012

No presente trabalho foi determinada a contagem total de bactérias (incubação a 32°C e a 5°C) existentes na superfície de alguns cortes de varejo de carne bovina comercializada por tres supermercados de Piracicaba, SP, bem como da superfície de diversos tipos de equipamento utilizado nas salas de desossa desses estabelecimentos. Foi determinado também o número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e, para um grupo de amostras de carne, o NMP de Escherichia coli. Para um dos supermercados (o mais antigo e menos adequado sob o aspecto sanitário) foi possível constatar uma diferença significativa entre as contagens totais em cortes recebidos já desossados pelo estabelecimento, a favor destes, e as contagens em cortes preparados na sala de desossa. O equipamento, tanto no estado considerado limpo (após o dia de trabalho) e aquele em uso apresentaram contagens totais excessivas; não houve diferença significativa entre um e outro caso, e, em ambos, a temperatura de incubação 32°C resultou em valores estatisticamente superiores aos obtidos com a incubação a 5°C. As contagens provenientes de análises de superfícies de madeira foram significativamente mais elevadas que as verificadas em superfícies metálicas (serra elétrica, facas, afiadores). A ocorrência de coliformes totais foi geral, tanto na carne como no equipamento, muitas vezes em números elevados. Em amostras de carne, analisadas quanto à presença e ao número de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli, verificou-se que 96% daquelas positivas para coliformes totais também o eram para esta bactéria. Atras de material em uso foram positivas quanto à ocorrência de coliformes totais. Tal como ocorreu a carne, o número mais possível (NMP) assumiu, em vários casos, elevados valores. Embora não comprovado estatisticamente, os resultados sugerem uma maior ocorrência desse grupo de microrganismos nas superfícies de madeira (mesa e ou cepo).
Estimativa de safra para a cultura do milho através do filme infravermelho colorido
Authors: Garcia Gilberto J. , Marchetti Delmar A. B.
Published: May 2012

O sistema tradicional para estimativas de safra utiliza-se de relatórios técnicos de fontes diversas. A coleta de informações, se inicia antes da época do plantio e as estimativas são vendo ajustadas de acordo com o desenvolvimento das culturas. O trabalho em questão, pretende mostrar as possibilidades do filme infravermelho colorido na estimativa de safra para a cultura do milho. As informações quantitativas foram obtidas através da densitometria de transmissão. Os trabalhos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu - UNESP. Os seis tratamentos consistiram em doses diferenciais de adubo, prevendo prováveis quedas em produção. A cultura foi fotografada com filme colorido (Kodak Ektachrome 64 ASA) e infravermelho colorido (Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Film) e a densidade ótica medida em um microdensitômetro de transmissão marca Weston, modelo 877 e abertura de 0,8 mm. Para avaliar a interação entre Produção e Densidade Ótica, utilizou-se das análises de correlação e regressão linear. A análise dos resultados permitiram as seguintes conclusões principais: a) Desde que se faça as necessárias calibrações, o filme infravermelho pode ser utilizado na estimativa de safra para a cultura do milho; b) A utilização do densitômetro de transmissão, para a interpretação quantitativa dos resultados, revelou-se importante sugerindo a aplicação do método em outros tipos de culturas.
Dimensões dos vasos e aumento no comprimento das fibras lenhosas em relação às cambiais fusiformes nos anéis de crescimento do Eucalyptus Saligna Smith
Authors: Santos Clóvis Ferraz de Oliveira , Nogueira Izaias Rangel
Published: May 2012

Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados dos estudos sobre as variações das dimensões (comprimento e largura) dos elementos dos vasos através das mensurações microscópicas desses elementos nos diversos anéis de crescimento de dois discos tomados ao nível de D.A.P. de duas plantas adultas do Eucalyptus Saligna Smith. Pudemos também avaliar o aumento do comprimento das fibras em relação aos elementos dos vasos, tomado em substituição às células cambiais que deram origem as fibras e vasos. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho nos mostram que as variações nas dimensões dos elementos do vaso nos anéis de crescimento, segue o mesmo modelo das variações das fibras, as quais se enquadram dentro das "Leis de SANIO- 1872". Mostra também que o aumento no ritmo de crescimento intrusivo das fibras depois de produzidas é muito maior durante o lenho adulto. Disso se conclui da importância do aproveitamento qualitativo dos Eucalyptus adultos, isto após 10 a 11 anos de idade.