bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATO DE CASO: FRATURA PENIANA COM TRANSECÇÃO COMPLETA DA URETRA DURANTE INTERCURSO SEXUAL NA POSIÇÃO DE DOGGY STYLE.
Authors: Suzuki Rodrigues Vivian , Henrique Sanchez Cavalheiro Lucas , Bibancos De Rose Mauro , Becker Burmeister Guilherme , Machado Souza Wesley , Pedro Marcon Felix João
Published: March 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A fratura de pênis é uma urgência urológica rara que ocorre na maioria dos casos durante a relação sexual. Para compreender o mecanismo, é relevante investigar a posição sexual em que ocorre. A exploração cirúrgica, principalmente quando há acometimento uretral, deve ser o mais precoce possível, além de estar associada a menores riscos de complicações. APRESENTAÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente apresentou fratura peniana com lesão de ambos corpos cavernosos e transecção completa da uretra peniana durante intercurso sexual na posição “Doggy Style” sob efeito de substância psicoativa. Submetido à exploração cirúrgica imediata com uretroplastia termino-terminal e sutura da túnica albugínea dos corpos cavernosos.  Seguimento pós operatório satisfatório sem disfunção miccional ou erétil. CONCLUSÃO: A fratura de pênis é uma patologia rara, mais comum durante o intercurso sexual, sobretudo em algumas posições. A abordagem precoce é fundamental para reduzir o risco de sequelas.
Intravesical adjuvant therapy with gemcitabine for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Experience from a public hospital in Brazil
Authors: José Caetano de Lima Igor , Moacir Cavalcante de Albuquerque Neto  , Thomé Décio Pinheiro Barros Júnior  , Fabio de Oliveira Vilar  , José Weslley Silva Bezerra  , Danilo de Lima Cavalcanti
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A terapia intravesical adjuvante é o tratamento de escolha para o câncer de bexiga não músculo-invasivo (CBNM) de alto risco, o que reduz a recorrência e a progressão da doença. O Bacilo Calmette-Guerin (BCG) é o principal fármaco utilizado, mas apresenta escassez mundial. Aqui, relatamos o uso de gencitabina intravesical (GEN-IV) em nosso hospital.

Metodologia: Este estudo incluiu pacientes com diagnóstico histológico de NMIBC urotelial de alto risco. Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma segunda ressecção transuretral de tumor de bexiga (RTUB) até 6 semanas após o diagnóstico. A terapia com GEM-IV foi indicada se a progressão T2 não fosse alcançada. O acompanhamento foi recomendado com cistoscopia e ultrassonografia do trato urinário 1 mês após o último ciclo de GEN-IV e depois a cada 6 meses ou até recorrência e/ou progressão.

Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 28 pacientes no período de julho de 2017 a junho de 2019. Destes, 8 foram excluídos. A média de idade foi de 66,9 anos. O número médio de lesões detectadas no RTUB inicial foi de 3,75 e o tamanho médio estimado das lesões foi de 4 cm. Com seguimento de 4,43 anos, 40% não apresentou recidiva. A recorrência ocorreu em 12 pacientes e o tempo médio para esse evento foi de 15,58. Dentre estes com recidiva, 33,3% tiveram progressão da doença.

Conclusão: A terapia GEM-IV demonstrou baixa toxicidade e taxas aceitáveis de recorrência e progressão com seguimento de >4 anos. Alternativas devem ser desenvolvidas para suprir a falta de BCG.
Javni poredak i nužni deo
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Jakšić Aleksandar , Đurđević Dejan ,   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia
Published: March 2024

Testamentary freedom is one of the basic pillars of inheritance law in any legal system. In Eurocontinental law, it is limited, inter alia, by the right of the heir to a statutory portion (forced heirship). On the other hand, Anglo-Saxon law does not recognize the forced heirship. In Europe, there is a tendency to narrow the circle of mandatory heirs. Testamentary freedom is guaranteed in modern Constitutions, while, on the other hand, it is disputed whether the right to inheritance, guaranteed by the Constitutions, also includes the right of heirs to a mandatory portion. In German law, which is based on the decision of the Federal Constitutional Court from 2005 the right to a forced heirship is considered as a part of public order, even as a part of international public order. On the contrary, in France and Hungary, in situations of crossborder inheritance, the right to a forced heirship does not belong to the domain of international public order. Considering the language and aim of Articles 58, 59 and 66 of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, it is difficult to argue that the heir’s right to a mandatory share is covered by the constitutional guarantees enshrined in Articles 59 and 66. On the contrary, Article 58, which guarantees peaceful enjoyment of property rights, and Article 23 (2), guarantee freedom of testamentary disposition. The same is the case with the European Convention on Human Rights, which guarantees freedom of testamentary disposition, but not the right to inherit. A foreign law that does not recognize the right to a forced heirship is not contrary to domestic public order. It is possible that the foreign law contains some kind of functional equivalent that aims to financially secure the mandatory heirs which is the case in Anglo-Saxon legal systems. The application of the lex fori fori allong with the application of the lex successionis is contrary to the principle of fairness in Private International Law. Also, it results in dépécage which is undesirable in PIL and runs counter to the principle of the unity of inheritance property. The application of foreign law governing the inheritance in the Serbian PIL could be limited only in exceptional cases. For example, when the foreign applicable law does not recognize any functional equivalent to a mandatory portion or when the foreign applicable law does not recognize the decedent’s minor children any claim to the inheritance property, so that they remain deprived of means necessary for life and, therefore, fall under the burden of state social assistance. Also, for the application of the part of lex fori, it would be necessary that the case of crossborder inheritance is closely related to domestic legal order. For example, that the mandatory heirs are citizens of Serbia with domicile in Serbia.
Obavezno osiguranje vlasnika motornih vozila od odgovornosti između slobode ugovaranja i prinudne kartelizacije
Authors:   Pravni fakultet Univerziteta Union, Srbija, Marković-Bajalović Dijana
Published: March 2024

The European Union enacted directives on motor vehicle liability insurance to accomplish the goals of free movement of persons and equal protection of third parties against damages caused by using motor vehicles. Serbia has been harmonising its legislation with the EU insurance acquis for several decades. Regarding motor vehicle liability insurance, market liberalisation has been prevented by the Law on Compulsory Insurance in Transport – LCIT 2009. LCIT authorised the Association of Insurers of Serbia to determine minimal premium prices with the consent of the National Bank of Serbia – NBS and stipulated mandatory Bonus-Malus System – BMS. Effectively, the NBS laid down minimal premium prices applicable within the BMS grades and conditions for the application of bonuses and maluses. The author analyses EU legislation and the case law of the Court of Justice related to fixing insurance premiums, mandatory BMS and competition law issues in the motor vehicle liability insurance market. The BMS in several EU member states has been compared with the BMS in Serbia. Competition in the motor vehicle liability insurance market in Serbia has been prevented as a consequence of the fixed premium prices and mandatory BMS. The author has also analysed the negative effects of the current legal framework on the motor vehicle liability insurance market structure, pointing out the static market concentration level and the substantial share of motor vehicle liability insurance premiums in the total insurers’ income. It is essential to amend LCIT without delay to liberalise the Serbian motor vehicle liability insurance market.
Zaštita državine kroz samopomoć - granice dopuštenosti
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Stevanović Darko
Published: March 2024

Possession, as a factual authority or a condition, draws attention through the necessity of its protection. Despite the fact that the possession is not a right by itself, there is a right to protect possession. The core of the paper consists of an analysis of the existing (domestic) judicial practice and the inconsistency in assessing the fulfilment of conditions for the permissibility of self-help. In the same section, contemporary problems in the application of this legal institute would be presented through an analysis of cases of overstepping the boundaries of self-help and transition into the sphere of self-authority. Special attention will be paid to the question which has arisen in the recent past in Serbia – whether self-help can be exercised preventively and what are its limits? It is emphasized that when assessing the justification of self-help, all the circumstances of the case should be taken into account, where, in addition to the manner and intensity, the circumstances under which the person resorted to self-help should be determined. In the conclusion of the paper, the idea of self-help as an extra-judicial means of protection is justified by the very practical reasons of reducing the workload of the courts and the tendency to reduce the number of possession proceedings and subsequent problems in the implementation of court decisions.
Validity of the 8-minute time trial in determining variables for mountain bike cycling training
Authors: Mota Júnior Rômulo José , Oliveira Renata Aparecida Rodrigues de , Moura Anselmo Gomes de , Pussieldi Guilherme de Azambuja , Marins João Carlos Bouzas , Amorim Paulo Roberto dos Santos
Published: March 2024

The 8-minute time trial (TT) is a methodological alternative to the 60-minute TT for evaluating the Functional Threshold Power (FTP) of cyclists, however, studies that tested its validity were not found in the researched literature. Therefore, research aims to assess the validity of the 8-minute TT. The study included 9 trained male cyclists, aged between 25.46 ± 7.49 years, who were assessed on three different days. On the first day, we measured personal data, anthropometrics, ventilatory thresholds and peak oxygen consumption. On the other days, we submitted the volunteers to the 8- and 60-minute TT. We analyzed the agreement between the procedures using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and its validity by Bland-Altman. We adopted a significance level of 5%, and we performed all analyses using the SPSS. The results suggest great agreement, especially between the second 8-minute stimulus and the reference test, for FTP (ICC: 0.792, p= 0.016), Wats per kilogram (ICC: 0.952, p< 0.001), Wats per kilogram of lean mass (ICC: 0.912, p= 0.001) and peak oxygen consumption (ICC: 0.882, p= 0.001). In addition, in all these variables, the volunteers were within the mean ± two standard deviations, as verified by the Bland-Altman plots. These results demonstrate the validity of the 8-minute TT, with more robust data being observed by the second stimulus of this protocol.
Meios de provas e a efetividade da responsabilização do adotante decorrente da interrupção do processo de adoção, à luz do direito da personalidade
Authors: Soares Marcelo Negri , Anderson Junior Ezequiel , Olímpio Letícia Fernanda , Medina Carmem Emanuele Garcia
Published: March 2024

A presente pesquisa abordará os meios de provas em relação ao processo de adoção visando proteger os direitos da personalidade em decorrência da interrupção deste processo, caracterizando desta forma a responsabilidade civil do adotante. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa será empregado estudo de doutrinas, pesquisa de casos e dados com o intuito de analisar a sociedade no presente momento. A partir destes estudos pretende-se desenvolver soluções para que se efetive a proteção dos direitos da personalidade do adotado em decorrência da interrupção do processo e verificando os meios de provas eficientes no processo de adoção.
Acesso à justiça – o manuseio de instrumentos jurídicos para o alcance da devida tutela jurisdicional aos direitos da personalidade
Authors: Soares Marcelo Negri , Kauffman Marcos Eduardo , Magrini Matheus Luiz , Ruivo Pedro Henrique
Published: March 2024

A pesquisa envolveu o tema acesso à justiça, robotização jurídica e métodos alternativos de solução de conflito e é inspirada na obra de Mauro Cappelletti e Bryant Garth – “Acesso à Justiça” (1988). Dos primeiros tipos de juizados especiais aos princípios de especificidade, simplicidade, celeridade, oralidade e informalidade, edificados nos juizados brasileiros atuais, vê-se oportunidade das causas tramitarem nas vias judiciais alternativas, ao tempo que afastam burocracias processuais do rito comum e reduzem o alto número de processos registrados. Para além dos juizados, os métodos alternativos de solução de conflito (negociação direta, mediação, conciliação e arbitragem) e a robotização jurídica são outros canais pelos quais indivíduos, menos abastados, sobretudo, prejudicados, alcançarão também a devida tutela jurisdicional. Em tempos tecnológicos, de imediatismo e oportunidade de acesso à informação, faz-se indispensável o conhecimento de que o direito está para todos. As tratativas científicas são voltadas aos direitos personalíssimos. Por meio do método hipotético dedutivo, foi possível concluir que o ato que fere direito individual e da personalidade pode induzir o prejudicado à perda do controle do uso de seu próprio corpo, nome, imagem, aparência ou qualquer outro aspecto constitutivo de sua identidade. Primar pela garantia de reparar tais perdas é o resultado levantado na observação, em que a chave-mestra é a vida digna.
Cursos de licenciatura em letras – inglês: panorama da oferta atual no Brasil
Authors: Santos Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos
Published: March 2024

Com a atual globalização, torna-se cada vez mais essencial o conhecimento da língua inglesa, para inserção plena do indivíduo na sociedade. O conhecimento da língua inglesa é hoje requerido em todos os setores da sociedade. Assim, a formação de professores de língua inglesa torna-se cada mais imperativa para atender à demanda da sociedade e do contexto escolar. Esta pesquisa objetivou o diagnóstico da oferta dos cursos de licenciatura em Letras – Inglês oferecidos pelas instituições de ensino brasileiras. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados disponíveis do Ministério da Educação, no sistema e-MEC, que cadastra os cursos superiores do país, os púbicos e os privados. O levantamento realizado gerou informações sobre o quantitativo de cursos presenciais (187) e a distância (39) de licenciatura em Letras – Inglês, que representam 16,7% dos cursos de Letras e estão presentes em 297 instituições de ensino superior. Entre os cursos de Letras – Inglês, os de instituições públicas totalizam 102 cursos, e as instituições estaduais têm 59 cursos. A maior parte das instituições tem apenas um curso, mas há instituições com vários cursos, até o máximo de 22 cursos. Após o período da pandemia de COVID-19, houve um aumento dos cursos de licenciatura em Letras – Inglês a distância, os quais respondem por 74% das vagas. Nesses cursos a distância, quatro instituições privadas detêm mais de 54% do total de vagas. Entre os cursos de licenciatura em Letras, os de Inglês respondem por 9,4% das vagas no Brasil.
A percepção do enfermeiro do paciente renal que apresenta complicações durante a sessão de hemodiálise
Authors: Santos Claudia dos , Jesus Claudemir Santos de , Martins Solange Soares , Villarinho Paula Rocha Louzada , Rodrigues Silvana Bauer , Grego Ana Karinny Clímaco de Oliveira , Jesus Marilene Lopes de
Published: March 2024

O paciente com insuficiência renal crônica enfrenta uma condição clínica que demanda terapia renal substitutiva, sendo a hemodiálise o tratamento abordado neste estudo, que eleva a expectativa de vida do indivíduo. Objetivo: discutir a percepção do enfermeiro nos cuidados em conjunto com a equipe de enfermagem aos pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica durante as sessões de hemodiálise. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa, centrada na questão de pesquisa: Qual é a percepção do enfermeiro nos cuidados prestados em conjunto com a equipe de enfermagem a pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica diante das principais complicações durante as sessões de hemodiálise? As buscas foram conduzidas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, que resultou na inclusão de livros, documentos governamentais, artigos, monografias e dissertações. Discussão: Observou-se no estudo que a equipe de enfermagem mantém contato direto e contínuo com o paciente antes, durante e após as sessões de hemodiálise, cujas complicações podem ocorrer durante e após as sessões. Nesse contexto, a equipe de enfermagem demonstre atenção aguçada às reações dos pacientes, para se antecipar a possíveis complicações. Para alcançar esse nível de cuidado, é crucial que programas de educação permanente estejam ativos, para aprofundar o conhecimento da equipe e garantir a qualidade da terapia, que se reflete na vida pessoal do indivíduo. Conclusão: Os estudos destacaram a importância fundamental da equipe de enfermagem na detecção precoce de complicações nos pacientes. Além disso, enfatizaram a necessidade de treinamentos teórico-práticos eficazes, capazes de proporcionar uma assistência qualificada e impactar positivamente o cuidado prestado.
Estrategia didáctica para abordar el trastorno de la expresión escrita en niños con dificultad de aprendizaje de cuarto grado básico
Authors: Vélez-Zambrano Viviana Monserrate , Mendoza -Moreira Francisco Samuel
Published: March 2024

En el contexto de la educación ecuatoriana, la investigación aborda la importancia de la inclusión educativa, especialmente para niños con dificultades en la expresión escrita, como la disgrafía. La escritura efectiva es crucial para el desarrollo académico, pero muchos estudiantes enfrentan desafíos que afectan su participación y motivación en el entorno escolar. La investigación adopta un enfoque mixto, combinando elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos para comprender las necesidades educativas específicas relacionadas con la expresión escrita en estudiantes de cuarto grado en una escuela pública ecuatoriana. Se utilizó una ficha de diagnóstico de disgrafía autorizada por el Ministerio de Educación para recopilar información sobre las dificultades de escritura. La ficha de diagnóstico reveló que 4 estudiantes presentaban dificultades en la expresión escrita, sin diagnóstico previo. Se diseñaron estrategias didácticas específicas, como dictado de sonidos y juegos de construcción de palabras, para mejorar las habilidades de escritura. La colaboración con profesionales fue fundamental para el éxito de la intervención. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de una intervención personalizada y adaptada a las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes con disgrafía. La variabilidad en la gravedad de los problemas subraya la importancia de estrategias pedagógicas adaptadas y la intervención profesional. La investigación destaca la importancia de revalorizar el acto de escribir en la educación, promoviendo una enseñanza estructurada y significativa. La intervención personalizada, estrategias didácticas específicas, intervención profesional y revalorización del acto de escribir son fundamentales para una educación inclusiva y equitativa.
Toxoplasmosis: comprensión de la respuesta inmunitaria que influye en la gravedad y la cronicidad de la infección
Authors: Roberto-Arnaldo Ponce Pincay , Santana-Toala Francisco Fernando , Toala-Lucas Cristhian Javier , Pilozo-Peñafiel Byron
Published: March 2024

La toxoplasmosis, causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii, plantea un desafío importante para comprender las respuestas inmunitarias que influyen en la gravedad y la cronicidad de la infección. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la toxoplasmosis varían considerablemente, desde casos asintomáticos hasta síntomas graves que afectan a sistemas como el sistema nervioso central. Diseño de estudio: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura documental a través de la lectura crítica de obras originales, libros y otras fuentes.   Búsqueda de información:  Se logró acceder mediante buscadores científicos como PubMed; Elsevier; Scielo, Google académico, Dialnet. Criterios de inclusión: El estudio abarca artículos intercontinentales como España, nivel internacional como son México, Argentina, Colombia, Chile entre otros y a nivel del Ecuador. Las investigaciones que se tomaron a consideración para el estudio fueron desde el año 2019 hasta el 2023 que contengan, metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas y se eligieron estudios realizados en humanos y que sean originales. Resultados:  La Prevalencia según los datos obtenidos, se logra observar que en Colombia se obtuvo una prevalencia del 45,04%. Mecanismos inmunulogicos se puede observar a la respuesta innata (Fagocitosis por macrófagos y células dendríticas) e  Influencia de la respuesta inflamatoria, Interacción con células del sistema nervioso central (Las células microgliales y otras células del sistema nervioso).  La Relación entre la respuesta inmunitaria y la gravedad de los síntomas clínicos se pudo observar que hay relación entre la ubicación del quiste y el estado del paciente. También se puede observar una relación en la respuesta inmunitaria y paciente inmunodeprimidos.
Manejo de la degeneración macular húmeda relacionada con la edad: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Morales-Alarcón Daysi Camila , Mendoza-Rodríguez Saimara María
Published: March 2024

Introducción: La degeneración macular húmeda relacionada con la edad (DMAE) es una patología retiniana central que causa un impacto significativo en la agudeza visual. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer el manejo de la DMAE húmeda, abarcando desde sus manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo hasta las modalidades de diagnóstico y estrategias terapéuticas actuales.

La metodología utilizada en esta revisión de la literatura incluyó la búsqueda de artículos relevantes en bases de datos médicas como PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar. Se seleccionaron estudios que evaluaron efectividad y seguridad de las alternativas terapéuticas para la DMAE húmeda.

Los resultados indican que la terapia anti-factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (anti-VEGF) sigue siendo el tratamiento principal para la DMAE húmeda, pero puede tener efectos secundarios, como la necesidad de inyecciones frecuentes y el riesgo de complicaciones oculares. Se han investigado nuevas opciones de tratamiento, como la terapia antiinflamatoria y la terapia combinada de anti-VEGF y terapia fotodinámica (PDT), que han demostrado ser eficaces para minimizar el edema macular y mejorar la agudeza visual.

En conclusión, es una enfermedad ocular multifactorial que requiere un enfoque de tratamiento individualizado. La terapia anti-VEGF sigue siendo el tratamiento principal, pero se están investigando nuevas opciones de tratamiento que pueden ser efectivas en la reducción del edema macular y la mejora de la agudeza visual. Además, la nutrición puede cumplir un rol fundamental en la prevención y manejo de la DMAE húmeda.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA FERRAMENTA DE AUXÍLIO À MANUTENÇÃO PREDITIVA E PREVENTIVA PARA O DIAGNÓSTICO DE FALHAS EM TRANSFORMADORES DE POTÊNCIA EMPREGANDO- SE O PROCESSAMENTO DE DADOS E O ALGORITMO FLORESTA DE CAMINHOS ÓTIMOS
Authors: Santos Vinicius de Souza , Ikeshoji Marco Akio
Published: March 2024

Neste estudo, focamos no aprimoramento das práticas de manutenção preditiva e preventiva em trans- formadores de potência, uma área de crescente interesse devido à sua importância para a eficiência e confiabilidade dos sistemas elétricos. A pesquisa se destaca pela integração de técnicas avançadas de processamento de dados com o algoritmo Floresta de Caminhos Ótimos (OPF), visando estabelecer di- agnósticos precisos de potenciais falhas em transformadores. Essa metodologia inclui a coleta e análise sistemática de gases dissolvidos no óleo dos transformadores, permitindo uma interpretação detalhada dos padrões de gases que se correlacionam com diferentes tipos de falhas. Tal abordagem representa um salto qualitativo em relação aos métodos convencionais, proporcionando uma base mais sólida para a tomada de decisões relacionadas à manutenção. Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma melhoria significativa na precisão dos diagnósticos, superando as técnicas tradicionais. Isso não apenas possibilita intervenções mais assertivas, reduzindo as paralisações inesperadas, mas também sublinha a importância de combinar o algoritmo OPF com avançadas técnicas de processamento de dados. A aplicação dessa combinação em práticas de manutenção em sistemas elétricos complexos marca um avanço importante, potencializando a eficiência e a confiabilidade das operações. Este estudo, portanto, não só contribui para o campo téc- nico específico mas também enfatiza a necessidade de contínuo desenvolvimento e integração de novas tecnologias na manutenção de infraestruturas críticas.
TWO-AXIS SOLAR PANEL TRACKING DEVICE PROTOTYPE WITH IOT-BASED MONITORING
Authors: Awan M. Asep Rizkiawan , Sofwan Agus Sofwan , Multi Abdul
Published: March 2024

The aim of this project is to develop a dual-axis solar tracker equipped with an IoT monitoring system with the BLYNK platform using Arduino. Overall, solar energy refers to technologies that generate power from sunlight. The utilization of solar energy has been around for centuries and has been widely used without relying on other energy supplies. However, its importance is increasing as environmental awareness grows and the availability of other energy sources, such as fuel, becomes limited. Sun tracking systems are an effective technology that can improve the efficiency of solar panels by following the movement of the sun. With the help of this system, solar panels can automatically orient themselves to sunlight, improve sunlight detection, and increase electricity collection because solar panels can always be in a bright position. This project focuses on developing a two-axis sun tracker using Arduino Uno as the main controller. For its implementation, four light-sensitive resistors (LDRs) are used to detect sunlight and maximum light intensity. Two servo motors are used to move the solar panel according to the direction of sunlight detected by the LDRs. Furthermore, an ESP8266 WIFI device is used as an intermediary between the device and the IoT monitoring system. The IoT monitoring system is a website that serves to store data. The efficiency of this system is tested and compared with single axial sun tracking. The results show that the two-axis solar tracking system generates more power, voltage, and current compared to the single axial solar tracker.
Penerapan Pasal 107 Huruf (D) Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan Untuk Meminimalisir Tindak Pidana Pencurian Kelapa Sawit Di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Authors: Ismanto Ade Jaya , Madiasa Ablisar  , Mahmud Mulyadi  , Mahmul Siregar
Published: March 2024

Perkebunan Nusantara IV adalah salah satu peruhsaan perkebunan yang dalam kegiatan usahanya banyak kasus tindak pidana pencurian dan penadahan kelapa sawit. Untuk itu tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang penerapan Pasal 107 Huruf D Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan Untuk Meminimalisir Tindak Pidana Pencurian Yang Terjadi Di Kebun Milik PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Pasal 107 Huruf D Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan di  Kebun Milik PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV yaitu di PTPN IV Unit Kebun Gunung Bayu dan PTPN IV Unit Kebun Mayang   dapat meminimalisir  terjadinya pencurian.

Kata kunci: Penerapan Hukum,  Tindak Pidana Perkebunan, Pencuri

Abstract

Perkebunan Nusantara IV is one of the plantation companies which in its business activities there are many criminal cases of theft and collection of palm oil. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the application of Article 107 Letter D of Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations to Minimize the Crime of Theft that Occurs in the Plantation of PT. Nusantara Plantation IV. The results of the study indicate that the application of Article 107 Letter D of Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations in Plantations Owned by PT. Nusantara IV plantations, namely PTPN IV Gunung Bayu Plantation Unit and PTPN IV Mayang Plantation Unit can minimize theft.

Keywords: Law application, plantation crime, theft
Analisis Yuridis Putusan Hakim Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika Di Daerah Hukum Pengadilan Negeri Rantau Prapat
Authors: Manurung Andri Rico , Madiasa Ablisar  , Edi Yunara  , Mohammad Ekaputra
Published: March 2024

Disparitas putusan hakim terhadap tindak pidana narkotika sering terjadi. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis formulasi disparitas pidana di Indonesia, faktor penyebab terjadinya disparitas putusan hakim terhadap pelaku tindak pidana narkotika menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman dan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, serta menganalisis apa sebenarnya yang dipertimbangkan hakim    dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana narkotika dalam Putusan Nomor 599/Pid.Sus/2018;1234/Pid.Sus/2018/PTMdn;   332/K/Pid.Sus/2019; 943/Pid.Sus/2019/PN. Rap; Nomor 841/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Rap. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif yaitu mengacu pada norma-norma hukum. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah library research (penelitian kepustakaan). Analisis data adalah kualitatif.. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan formulasi disparitas pidana bahwa Hakim bebas untuk menjatuhkan putusan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 3 UU Kekuasanaan Kehakiman. Faktor yang menjadi terjadinya disparitas pidana adalah berasal  dari internal (dalam diri hakim) dan dari eksternal (luar diri hakim).  Pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara adalah pertimbangan yuridis dan non yuridis.  

Kata kunci: Disparitas Pidana, Narkotika, Putusan Hakim.

Abstract

The disparity of judges' decisions on narcotics crimes often occurs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the formulation of criminal disparity in Indonesia, the factors causing the disparity of judges' decisions against narcotics criminals according to Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power and Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, as well as analyzing what exactly did the judge consider in imposing a sentence against narcotics criminals in Decision Number 599/Pid.Sus/2018; 1234/Pid.Sus/2018/PTMdn; 332/K/Pid.Sus/2019; 943/Pid.Sus/2019/PN. Rap; Number 841/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Rap. The research method uses a normative juridical legal research method, which refers to legal norms. This research is descriptive analytical. The data used is secondary data. consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection technique is library research (library research). The data analysis is qualitative. The results of the study show the formulation of criminal disparity that judges are free to make decisions as stipulated in Article 3 of the Law on Judicial Power. Factors that cause criminal disparity are internal (within the judge) and external (outside the judge). The judge's considerations in deciding cases are juridical and non-juridical considerations.

Keywords: Criminal Disparity, Judge’s Decision, Narcotics.
Analisis Yuridis Diskresi Kepala Daerah Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah
Authors: Juanda Syahputra  , Ginting Budiman , Nasution Mirza , Affila
Published: March 2024

Diskresi merupakan kewenangan yang diberikan oleh undang-undang kepada pejabat publik berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 Tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Kabupaten Gayo Lues adalah salah satu kabupaten Di Provinsi Aceh yang berpedoman kepada undang-undang tersebut, mengingat bahwa tugas pokok dan fungsi sebagai bupati, Bupati Gayo Lues harus dapat menyelesaikan semua persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah Kab.Gayo Lues, berdasarkan kewenangan dan tanggungjawab yang dimiliki oleh bupati sesuai Undang Undang Administratif Negara Nomor 30 Tahun 2014, Undang Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pemerintahan Aceh dan Qanun Aceh Nomor 8 Tahun 2019 tentang Majelis Adat Aceh, berdasarkan Asas – Asas Pemerintahan Umum  Yang Baik. Dari hasil penelitian ini maka di peroleh, sejauh apa kewenangan dan batasan Bupati Gayo Lues dalam menggunakan instrumen Hukum Administrasi Negara serta peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, sekaligus mengantisipasi potensi konflik di Lembaga Majelis Adat Aceh Kabupaten Gayo Lues.

Kata kunci: Bupati Gayo Lues, Diskresi, Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah.

Abstract

Discretion is the authority granted by law to public officials based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Gayo Lues Regency is one of the regencies in Aceh Province that is guided by the law, given that the main tasks and functions as regents, Gayo Lues Regents must be able to solve all the problems faced by the Gayo Lues Regency government, based on the authority and responsibility owned by the regent according to the State Administrative Law Number 30 of 2014, Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh and the Aceh Qanun Number 8 of 2019 concerning the Aceh Customary Council, based on the Principles of Good General Governance. From the results of this study, it was obtained, to what extent the authority and limitations of the Regent of Gayo Lues in using State Administrative Law instruments and related laws and regulations, as well as anticipating potential conflicts in the Aceh Traditional Council Institution, Gayo Lues Regency.

Keywords: Discretion, Government Administration, Regent of Gayo Lues.
Pertanggungjawaban Mutlak Korporasi Sebagai Pelaku Pembakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Yang Mengakibatkan Pencemaran Dan/Atau Kerusakanlingkungan Hidup
Authors: Ritonga Joni Sandri , Suhaidi  , Jelly Leviza  , Dedi Harianto
Published: March 2024

Fenomena kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di berbagai wilayah Indonesia beberapa tahun lalu, merupakan fakta hukum bahwa pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan, dan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya, tidak sesuai dengan harapan dan aturan yang telah ditentukan. Untuk itulah penelitian ini akan membahas pertanggungjawaban mutlak terhadap korporasi sebagai pelaku karhutla yang mengakibatkan pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Secara khusus membahas mengenai kriteria pertanggungjawaban mutlak berdasarkan UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 dan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Kreteria pertanggungjwaban mutlak berdasarkan Pasal 88 UU Nomor 32 tahun 2009 dan Pasal 22 angka (33) UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020. Pentingnya penerapan pertanggungjawaban mutlak bagi korporasi pelaku karhutla yang mengakibatkan pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup, dan terdapat 7 (tujuh) ide yang ditawarkan sebagai solusi penerapan pertanggungjawaban mutlak bagi korporasi pelaku karhutla yang mengakibatkan pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang menimbulkan ancaman serius.

Kata kunci: Korporasi, Lingkungan Hidup, Pertanggungjawaban Mutlak.

Abstract

The phenomenon of forest and land fires that occurred in various parts of Indonesia several years ago is a legal fact that the enactment of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations, and various laws and regulations others, not in accordance with the expectations and rules that have been determined. For this reason, this study will discuss absolute responsibility for corporations as perpetrators of forest and land fires that result in pollution and/or environmental damage. Specifically discussing the criteria for absolute accountability based on Law Number 32 of 2009 and Law Number 11 of 2020. The results of the analysis show that . The criteria for absolute accountability are based on Article 88 of Law Number 32 of 2009 and Article 22 number (33) of Law Number 11 of 2020. The importance of implementing absolute accountability for corporations that carry out forest and land fires that result in environmental pollution and/or damage, and there are 7 (seven) ideas that offered as a solution to the application of absolute responsibility for corporations that are involved in forest and land fires causing pollution and/or environmental damage that pose a serious threat.

Keywords: Absolute Accountability, Corporate, Environment.
Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Terhadap Produk Yang Tidak Memenuhi Kewajiban Standar Nasional Indonesia
Authors: Ciptawan Ciptawan , Ginting Budiman , Sunarmi Sunarmi , Siregar Mahmul
Published: March 2024

SNI merupakan bentuk nyata keinginan pemerintah dalam memberikan perlindungan kepada konsumen. UU No. 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen tidak menyatakan secara jelas standard dan syarat apa yang harus dipenuhi pelaku usaha, penerapan dan pemberlakuan standar tidak diuraikan secara jelas dan lengkap pengaturannya. Kewajiban SNI secara garis besar diatur dalam UU No. 20 Tahun 2014 Tentang Standardisasi dan Penilaian Kesesuaian, sedangkan Pengaturan lanjutan diterapkan melalui Peraturan Menteri dan Petunjuk Teknis. Pertanggungjawaban pelaku usaha yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban SNI adalah pertanggungjawaban produk (product liability), sehingga pelaku usaha dapat diminta pertanggungjawaban secara perdata dan pidana. UU No. 20 Tahun 2014 tentang Standardisasi dan Penilaian Kesesuaian tidak mengatur perihal pertanggungjawaban perdata pelaku usaha. Upaya hukum penyelesaian sengketa dengan pelaku usaha sebagai akibat kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh produk yang tidak memenuhi kewajiban SNI dapat diajukan melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Nasional (BPSK) atau diajukan langsung kepada peradilan umum berdasarkan pilihan sukarela para pihak yang bersengketa. UU No. 9 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen mengatur perihal penyelesaian sengketa, tetapi UU No. 20 Tahun 2014 Tentang Standardisasi dan Penilaian Kesesuaian  tidak mengatur perihal tersebut.

Kata kunci: Konsumen, Perlindungan Hukum, Tanggung Jawab Hukum, SNI.

Abstract

Indonesian Compulsory Standard (SNI) is the government action to give protection to consumers. Law No. 8 Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection does not clearly mention what kind of standard and requirement should be fulfilled by business practitioners, the implementation of standard are not clearly explained, as well with its arrangementCompulsory standards are highlighted under Law No. 20 Year 2014 concerning Standardization and Conformity Assessment, for the further arrangement is implemented under Ministry Regulations and Technical Instructions. Products that do not fulfil compulsory standards can be exposed with product liability, and therefore business practitioners must bear the criminal and the civil liability. The attempt of dispute settlement with the business practitioners as a result of loss caused by products that do not fulfil compulsory standard can be advised through National Dispute Settlement Body or directly to the tribunal court based on voluntarily choices by the conflicted parties.  Law No 9 Year 1999 about Consumer Protection regulate the issues of dispute settlement, but Law No. 20 Year 2014 concerning Standardization and Conformity Assessment does not regulate such issues.

Keywords: Consumer, Legal Responsibility, Legal Protection, SNI.
Analisis Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Jawa Timur Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 Tentang Hukum Game Higgs Domino Island
Authors: Putri Feny Fathuri Yan
Published: March 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk memahami putusan dan analisis fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Jawa Timur terkait game Higgs Domino Island. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif (legal research) dengan mengumpulkan data dari fatwa, jurnal, artikel, dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Jawa Timur mengharamkan permainan yang berbasis keberuntungan dan berpotensi merusak nalar, baik dengan unsur judi maupun tanpa. Namun, permainan yang mengandalkan pemikiran dan keterampilan tanpa unsur perjudian, tidak memiliki dampak negatif, dan tidak melanggar aspek keagamaan dinyatakan sebagai mubah atau boleh. Transaksi jual beli chip dalam permainan Higgs Domino Island dan sejenisnya dilarang.
Ganti Rugi Atas Penggunaan Merek Yang Memiliki Persamaan Pada Pokoknya
Authors: Puspita Yolanda Bella
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mengulas ketentuan gugatan ganti rugi atas merek berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Fokus penelitian adalah pada Pasal 83 ayat (1) Undang-Undang tersebut serta pertimbangan hukum Hakim dalam putusan nomor 30/Pdt.Sus-Merek/2020/PN Niaga Jkt. Pst. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 83 ayat (1) memberikan pelindungan hukum perdata bagi pemilik merek terdaftar, dan pertimbangan hukum dalam putusan tersebut telah memberikan kepastian hukum. Saran termasuk perlunya kepastian hukum lain dalam undang-undang terkait jenis ganti rugi serta pentingnya pertimbangan hakim dalam kasus serupa di masa mendatang.
The Importance of Developing Countries Joining GATT 94 / WTO
Authors: Sibagariang Syah Putra
Published: March 2024

The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework signifies a pivotal milestone in aligning member countries' trading regulations with the WTO's provisions. Developing countries' participation in the WTO fosters equitable competition and contributes to global development. WTO agreements offer flexibility for developing nations to adhere to WTO regulations, providing specialized assistance to the least developed countries (LDCs) and trade concessions in line with GATT regulations. Moreover, the WTO ensures predictability in the business environment, encouraging investment, job creation, and fair competition. Its multilateral trading system fosters peace by facilitating constructive conflict resolution between nations, regulating trade through appropriate mechanisms, and reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers to enhance affordability.
Kewenangan Arbiter dalam Memutus Sengketa Bisnis Arbitrase Secara Ex Aequo Et Bono
Authors: Waruwu Ariful Hakim , Kamello Tan , Azwar T. Keizerina Devi , Harris Abd.
Published: March 2024

Salah satu doktrin hukum yang diadopsi adalah apa yang dikenal dengan arbitrase Ex Aequo et Bono. Menurut doktrin ini, arbiter dapat memeriksa dan memutus sengketa yang diajukan kepadanya dengan tidak berdasarkan ketentuan hukum materiil dan formil yang berlaku, melainkan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip keadilan dan kepatutan di luar koridor ketentuan hukum, seperti prinsip etika dan moral apabila sang arbiter diotorisasi oleh para pihak yang bersengketa. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis kewenangan arbiter dalam menerapkan asas Ex Aequo et Bono dalam memutus sengketa bisnis pada arbitrase, dan perbandingan penerapan asas Ex Aequo et Bono pada Arbiter BANI dan Hakim Pengadilan Negeri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif bersifat deskriptif analisis dan digunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Kewenangan arbiter dalam memutus perkara arbitrase secara Ex Aequo et Bono terdapat pada pasal 1 ayat (3) UU No. 30 Tahun 1999, pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase yang menggunakan asas ini muncul apabila para pihak menyepakatinya dan arbiter untuk menyelesaikan perkara menggunakan keadilan dan kepatutan di luar Undang-undang. Apabila arbiter diberi kewenangan untuk menggunakan asas ini, maka arbiter harus menggali keadilan tidak hanya dalam Undang-undang, namun berdasarkan norma objektif yang tidak tertulis, keyakinan agama, akal sehat dan hati nurani. Namun begitu akal sehat dan hati nurani yang digunakan tentu saja tidak bersifat subjektif sehingga akan mendapatkan putusan yang tidak adil dan benar.
Peran Pemerintah Terhadap Stabilisasi Harga Minyak Goreng Sawit Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perdagangan
Authors: Sipahutar Regina Lois Priscilla , Sirait Ningrum Natasya , Saidin OK. , Sukarja Detania
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengenalisis dan mengetahui tentang mengapa pemerintah perlu mewujudkan stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan; kebijakan stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit ditinjau dari asas kepastian hukum; dan kompetensi pemerintah terhadap stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 49 Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan undang-undang mengunakan data penelitian hukum primer, hukum sekunder dan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemerintah perlu intervensi terhadap stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit karena sebagai kebutuhan pokok minyak goreng sawit dapat berpengaruh terhadap ekonomi negara karena banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia, sehingga pemerintah menjamin pasokan dan stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit melalui Pasal 25 dan 26 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 serta perlindungan preventif dan represif yang diatur. Kebijakan stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit telah terlaksana namun belum memenuhi asas kepastian hukum. Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 49 Tahun 2022 telah terlaksana dengan koordinasi antar pemerintah namun masih terdapat penyelewengan dari segi harga dan pasokan minyak goreng sawit. Saran penelitian ini, dibutuhkan perspektif pemerintah yang khusus terhadap minyak goreng sawit, perlu didukung dengan kajian yang terhadap kebijakan stabilisasi harga minyak goreng sawit, perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap program pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah.
Pelindungan Hukum Atas Karya Fotografi Pada Online Shop di Instagram
Authors: Saputra Reza Eko , Saidin OK. , Leviza Jelly , Azwar T. Keizerina Devi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pelindungan hak cipta fotografi produk online shop di media sosial Instagram, khususnya dalam konteks pelanggaran hak cipta yang terjadi antara online shop SSAN OS dan KIREINA SC. Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta menjadi dasar hukum yang bertujuan melindungi hak eksklusif dari karya cipta, termasuk fotografi.Tujuna penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pelindungan atas hak cipta fotografi yang dimuat di media sosial berupa instagram menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, pelindungan hukum terhadap karya fotografi produk milik online shop SSAN OS yang diduplikasi serta diunggah tanpa izin oleh online shop KIREINA SC di akun instagram miliknya, dan tanggungjawab hukum bagi online shop KIREINA SC sebagai pelanggar hak cipta karya fotografi produk milik online shop SSAN OS yang mengunggah kembali pada sosial media instagram tanpa izin penciptanya untuk tujuan komersil. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pelindungan hak cipta fotografi di Instagram, berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, melibatkan hak eksklusif, baik hak ekonomi maupun moral. Dalam kasus pelanggaran hak cipta antara online shop KIREINA SC dan SSAN OS, penyelesaian melalui negosiasi dipilih tanpa ganti rugi. Pelanggaran tersebut dapat menimbulkan gugatan perdata dan pidana, sesuai Pasal 96 dan Pasal 113. Tanggung jawab hukum online shop KIREINA SC melibatkan permohonan izin berdasarkan Pasal 1 Ayat (20) terkait lisensi berdasarkan kesepakatan para pihak.