bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining Light Absorption of Brown Carbon in China and Implications for Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect
Authors: Xu Lulu , Lin Guangxing , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Chenglai , Wu Yunfei , Lou Sijia
Published: August 2024

Brown carbon (BrC) in China is of great interest to the regional and global climate due to its strong absorption of sunlight. However, the contribution of BrC to total carbonaceous aerosol light absorption and its direct radiative effects (DRE) in China remains largely uncertain. To better assess its climate impact in China, we develop an explicit BrC scheme and implement it in a global climate model, which includes optical parameters of primary BrC derived from local measurements, secondary BrC absorption, and a photobleaching parameterization of BrC. By comparing with multi‐type observational data, we find that with the implementation of this scheme, the model captures the seasonal variations of BrC light absorption well in China. The model estimates that BrC contributes 19% and 12% to the total light absorption of carbonaceous aerosol in China in winter and summer, resulting in 0.110 and 0.205 W m−2 of DRE, respectively.
Trends, Skill, and Sources of Skill in Initialized Climate Forecasts of Global Mean Temperature
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , Becker Emily J.
Published: August 2024

We evaluate the skill and sources of skill in initialized seasonal climate forecasts of monthly global mean temperature from the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) during the period 1991–2024. The forecasts demonstrate skill in addition to that from the long‐term trend, and that skill is primarily attributable to ENSO. However, the skill varies seasonally, with skill being lowest for target periods during Northern Hemisphere summer. Single model ensembles show underdispersion at short leads, while the multi‐model ensemble is overdispersed, suggesting initial condition errors and highlighting the importance of model initialization for quantification of forecast uncertainty. Lead‐time dependent errors in global mean temperature trends appear related to Pacific trend errors. The multi‐model mean captured the overall trend but underestimated the record‐breaking temperatures of 2023. Forecasts for the remainder of 2024 indicate cooling by the end of the year.
Stratospheric Hydration Processes in Tropopause‐Overshooting Convection Revealed by Tracer‐Tracer Correlations From the DCOTSS Field Campaign
Authors: Homeyer Cameron R. , Gordon Andrea E. , Smith Jessica B. , Ueyama Rei , Wilmouth David M. , Sayres David S. , Hare Jennifer , Pandey Apoorva , Hanisco Thomas F. , Dean‐Day Jonathan M. , Hannun Reem , St. Clair Jason M.
Published: August 2024

Hydration of the stratosphere by tropopause‐overshooting convection has received increasing interest due to the extreme concentrations of water vapor that can result and, ultimately, the climate warming potential such hydration provides. Previous work has recognized the importance of numerous dynamic and physical processes that control stratospheric water vapor delivery by convection. This study leverages recent comprehensive observations from the NASA Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) field campaign to determine the frequency at which each process operates during real events. Specifically, a well‐established analysis technique known as tracer‐tracer correlation is applied to DCOTSS observations of ozone, water vapor, and potential temperature to identify the occurrence of known processes. It is found that approximately half of convectively‐driven stratospheric hydration samples show no indication of significant air mass transport and mixing, emphasizing the importance of ice sublimation to stratospheric water vapor delivery. Furthermore, the temperature of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere environment and/or overshoot appears to be a commonly active constraint, since the approximate maximum possible water vapor concentration that can be reached in an air mass is limited to the saturation mixing ratio when ice is present. Finally, little evidence of relationships between dynamic and physical processes and their spatial distribution was found, implying that stratospheric water vapor delivery by convection is likely facilitated by a complex collection of processes in each overshooting event.
Hydrops fetalis due to loss of function of hNav1.4 channel via compound heterozygous variants
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Nagata Miho , Takagi Kazuko , Ishihara Yasuki , Kojima Kurumi , Uchikura Yuka , Yamamoto Reina , Yonei Ayumi , Ozaki Erina , Kira Natsuki , Takahashi Satoe , Homma Kazuaki , Miyashita Yohei , Eguchi-Ishimae Minenori , Sakai Norio , Asano Yohihiro , Sakata Yasushi , Ozono Keiichi , Eguchi Mariko , Takahashi Masanori P.
Published: August 2024

Hydrops fetalis, characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in fetuses, presents a significant risk of stillbirth and neonatal mortality. Although the etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is multifaceted, recent studies have highlighted genetic factors as crucial determinants. This study focused on a family with three consecutive stillbirths, each with pronounced hydrops fetalis. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified compound heterozygous variants of the SCN4A gene encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel of the skeletal muscle (hNav1.4), c.2429T>A p.L810Q and c.4556T>C p.F1519S, in all three deceased infants. A functional analysis conducted using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique revealed loss-of-function defects in both variant channels, with F1519S exhibiting a complete loss of ionic current and L810Q showing a reduced channel opening. These findings support the pathogenicity of SCN4A variants in NIHF and underscore the significance of functional studies in elucidating genotype-phenotype correlations. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the diagnostic value of WES in cases of NIHF in where standard genetic testing fails to identify causative variants.
Advancing on-chip Kerr optical parametric oscillation towards coherent applications covering the green gap
Authors: Sun Yi , Stone Jordan , Lu Xiyuan , Zhou Feng , Song Junyeob , Shi Zhimin , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: August 2024

Optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in Kerr microresonators can efficiently transfer near-infrared laser light into the visible spectrum. To date, however, chromatic dispersion has mostly limited output wavelengths to >560 nm, and robust access to the whole green light spectrum has not been demonstrated. In fact, wavelengths between 532 nm and 633 nm, commonly referred to as the “green gap”, are especially challenging to produce with conventional laser gain. Hence, there is motivation to extend the Kerr OPO wavelength range and develop reliable device designs. Here, we experimentally show how to robustly access the entire green gap with Kerr OPO in silicon nitride microrings pumped near 780 nm. Our microring geometries are optimized for green-gap emission; in particular, we introduce a dispersion engineering technique, based on partially undercutting the microring, which not only expands wavelength access but also proves robust to variations in resonator dimensions. Using just four devices, we generate >150 wavelengths evenly distributed throughout the green gap, as predicted by our dispersion simulations. Moreover, we establish the usefulness of Kerr OPO to coherent applications by demonstrating continuous frequency tuning (>50 GHz) and narrow optical linewidths (<1 MHz). Our work represents an important step in the quest to bring nonlinear nanophotonics and its advantages to the visible spectrum.
In-depth analysis of transcriptomes in ovarian cortical follicles from children and adults reveals interfollicular heterogeneity
Authors: Rooda Ilmatar , Hassan Jasmin , Hao Jie , Wagner Magdalena , Moussaud-Lamodière Elisabeth , Jääger Kersti , Otala Marjut , Knuus Katri , Lindskog Cecilia , Papaikonomou Kiriaki , Gidlöf Sebastian , Langenskiöld Cecilia , Vogt Hartmut , Frisk Per , Malmros Johan , Tuuri Timo , Salumets Andres , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Velthut-Meikas Agne , Damdimopoulou Pauliina
Published: August 2024

The ovarian cortical reserve of follicles is vital for fertility. Some medical treatments are toxic to follicles, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an established method to preserve fertility in adults and even applied in prepuberty despite unproven efficacy. Here, we analyze transcriptomes of 120 cortical follicles from children and adults for detailed comparison. We discover heterogeneity with two main types of follicles in both age groups: one with expected oocyte-granulosa profiles and another with predicted role in signaling. Transcriptional changes during growth to the secondary stage are similar overall in children and adults, but variations related to extracellular matrix, theca cells, and miRNA profiles are found. Notably, cyclophosphamide dose correlates with interferon signaling in child follicles. Additionally, morphology alone is insufficient for follicle categorization suggesting a need for additional markers. Marker genes for early follicle activation are determined. These findings will help refine follicular classification and fertility preservation techniques across critical ages.
Whistler echo trains triggered by energetic winter lightning
Authors: Kolmašová I. , Santolík O. , Manninen J.
Published: August 2024

Lightning generated electromagnetic impulses propagating in the magnetospheric plasma disperse into whistlers – several seconds long radio wave signals with decreasing frequency. Sometimes, multiple reflections form long echo trains containing many whistlers with increasing dispersion. On January 3, 2017, two necessary prerequisites – a pronounced lightning activity and a magnetospheric plasma duct – allowed for observations of a large number of whistler echo trains by the high-latitude station in Kannuslehto, Finland. Our investigation reveals that the duct existed for nearly eight hours. We show that causative lightning sferics arrived to the duct entry from three different winter thunderstorms: a small storm at the Norwegian coast, which produced energetic lightning capable to trigger echo trains in 50% of cases, and two large storms at unexpectedly distant locations in the Mediterranean region. Our results show that intense thunderstorms can repetitively feed electromagnetic energy into a magnetospheric duct and form whistler echo trains after subionospheric propagation over distances as large as 4000 km.
The effect of posture on virtual walking experience using foot vibrations
Authors: Nakamura Junya , Kitazaki Michiteru
Published: August 2024

Virtual walking systems for stationary observers have been developed using multimodal stimulation such as vision, touch, and sound to overcome physical limitation. In previous studies, participants were typically positioned in either a standing or a seated position. It would be beneficial if bedridden users could have enough virtual walking experience. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of participants’ posture and foot vibrations on the experience of virtual walking. They were either sitting, standing, or lying during observing a virtual scene of a walking avatar in the first-person perspective, while vibrations either synchronized or asynchronized (randomized) to the avatar’s walking were applied to their feet. We found that the synchronized foot vibrations improved virtual walking experiences compared to asynchronous vibrations. The standing position consistently offered an improved virtual walking experience compared to sitting and lying positions with either the synchronous or asynchronous foot vibrations, while the difference between the siting and lying postures was small and not significant. Furthermore, subjective scores for posture matching between real and virtual postures, illusory body ownership, and sense of agency were significantly higher with the synchronous than the asynchronous vibration. These findings suggest that experiencing virtual walking with foot vibrations in a lying position is less effective than a standing position, but not much different from a sitting position.
Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus on various implants used for surgical treatment of destructive spondylodiscitis
Authors: Zacher Amrei T. , Mirza Kamran , Thieme Lara , Nietzsche Sandor , Senft Christian , Schwarz Falko
Published: August 2024

The incidence of spondylodiscitis has witnessed a significant increase in recent decades. Surgical intervention becomes necessary in case of bone destruction to remove infected tissue and restore spinal stability, often involving the implantation of a cage. Despite appropriate treatment, relapses occur in up to 20 percent of cases, resulting in substantial economic and social burdens. The formation of biofilm has been identified as a major contributor to relapse development. Currently, there is no consensus among German-speaking spinal surgeons or in the existing literature regarding the preferred choice of material to minimize relapse rates. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate whether certain materials used in spinal implants exhibit varying degrees of susceptibility to bacterial attachment, thereby providing valuable insights for improving treatment outcomes.Eight cages of each PEEK, titanium-coated PEEK (Ti-PEEK), titanium (Ti), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), tantalum (Ta) and antibiotic-loaded bone cement were incubated with 20% human plasma for 24 h. Subsequently, four implants were incubated with S. aureus for 24 h or 48 h each. The biofilm was then removed by sonication and the attained solution plated for Colony Forming Units (CFU) counting. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm bacterial attachment. The CFUs have been compared directly and in relation to the cages surface area. The surface area of the implants was PEEK 557 mm2, Ti-PEEK 472 mm2, Ti 985 mm2, PEKK 594 mm2, Ta 706 mm2, bone cement 123 mm2. The mean CFU count per implant and per mm2 surface area after 24 h and after 48 h was calculated. Bone cement was found to have significantly more CFUs per mm2 surface area than the other materials tested. When comparing the CFU count per implant, bone cement was statistically significantly more prone to biofilm formation than PEEK after 48 h. There was no statistical significance between the other materials when comparing both CFU count per mm2 surface area and CFU count per implant. The electron microscopic analysis showed the attachment of the bacteria, as well as production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as a sign for beginning biofilm formation. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement has shown statistically significantly more bacterial attachment than the other examined materials. No difference was found between the other materials regarding bacterial attachment after 24 h and 48 h. Proposed hypotheses for further studies include testing whether differences become apparent after longer incubation or with different pathogens involved in the pathogenesis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis.
Correction: Oral delivery of a platinum anticancer drug using lipid assisted polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Cheng Qinqin , Shi Hongdong , Huang Hai , Cao Zhiting , Wang Jun , Liu Yangzhong
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Oral delivery of a platinum anticancer drug using lipid assisted polymeric nanoparticles’ by Qinqin Cheng et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 17536–17539, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC07853A.
Fabrication of a direct Z-scheme heterojunction of UiO-66-NH2 and tubular g-C3N4 for the stable photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and CH4
Authors: Liu Hongyang , Yang Yang , Guo Chaojun , Zhou Yonghua
Published: August 2024

A direct Z-scheme heterojunction catalyst constructed by UiO-66-NH2 and tubular g-C3N4 exhibits excellent stability for photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
Interaction of full-length Tau with negatively charged lipid membranes leads to polymorphic aggregates
Authors: Ury-Thiery Vicky , Fichou Yann , Alves Isabel , Molinari Michael , Lecomte Sophie , Feuillie Cécile
Published: August 2024

The Tau protein strongly binds to phosphatidylserine membranes, with partial membrane disruption and formation of polymorphic aggregates.
Atomically dispersed Co-based species containing electron withdrawing groups for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Shin Yunseok , Park Sunggu , Jang Hanbi , Shin Gogyun , Shin Dongha , Park Sungjin
Published: August 2024

A new hybrid material, composed of atomically dispersed Co species containing electron-withdrawing CF3 groups and N-doped reduced graphene oxide, shows excellent electrocatalytic properties for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction.
Controlling the random lasing action from GaAs/AlGaAs axial heterostructure nanowire arrays
Authors: Meng Bingheng , Zhang Xuanyu , Kang Yubin , Yu Xuanchi , Wang Puning , Wang Shan , Tang Jilong , Hao Qun , Wei Zhipeng , Chen Rui
Published: August 2024

Anderson localized and delocalized random lasers have been realized by controlling the diameter and density of GaAs/AlGaAs axial heterostructure nanowire arrays, which establishes the foundational basis for the control of random lasing.
Synthesis of novel pyrazole acetals of andrographolide and isoandrographolide as potent anticancer agents
Authors: Rokkam Siva Kumar , Bhujel Manohar , Jain Dolly , Sripada Lakshminath , Nanduri Srinivas , Bajaj Avinash , Golakoti Nageswara Rao
Published: August 2024

Synthesis, characterization of pyrazole acetals of andrographolide and their in vitro anticancer activity.
Impact of ligand fields on Kubas interaction of open copper sites in MOFs with hydrogen molecules: an electronic structural insight
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thuy , Tran Hoan Van , Nguyen Linh Hoang , Nguyen Hoang Minh , Phan Thang Bach , Nguyen-The Toan , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2024

From an electronic structure perspective, we illustrate how the ligand field influences the Kubas-like orbital interactions via orbital hybridizations that optimize the Coulomb repulsion in Cu orbitals.
Polydopamine functionalized FeTiO3 nanohexagons for selective and simultaneous electrochemical determination of dopamine and uric acid
Authors: Aparna T. K. , .D Swathi Tharani , Dar Mushtaq Ahmad , Gul Rukhsana , Sivasubramanian R.
Published: August 2024

A PDA functionalized FeTiO3 nanohexagon based electrochemical sensor for the detection of dopamine and uric acid.
An efficient and simple approach for synthesizing indazole compounds using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling
Authors: Gopi Bandaru , Vijayakumar Vijayaparthasarathi
Published: August 2024

Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, density functional theory, and auto-docking investigations were used to determine the effectiveness and stability of indazole derivatives.
A novel design of urea-assisted hydrogen production in electrochemical–chemical decoupled self-circulating systems
Authors: Shu Weihang , Sun Qi , Guo Mingrui
Published: August 2024

The design of an electrochemical–chemical self-cycling decoupled system that decouples the HER and UOR using a Ni(OH)2 electrode.
ZnCo2O4@g-C3N4@Cu as a new and highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for visible light-induced cyanation and Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Jahanshahi Roya , Moghadam Hadis Hosseini , Sobhani Sara , Sansano José Miguel
Published: August 2024

No need to heat or additives, applying an economical and benign light source, utilizing an environmentally compatible solvent, aerial conditions, high stability and convenient recyclability of the catalyst are the remarkable highlights of this method.
Ethanol synthesis via catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over multi-elemental KFeCuZn/ZrO2 catalyst
Authors: Du Pengfei , Ait El Fakir Abdellah , Zhao Shirun , Dostagir Nazmul Hasan M. D. , Pan HongLi , Ting Kah Wei , Mine Shinya , Qian Yucheng , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Toyao Takashi
Published: August 2024

The prepared KFeCuZn/ZrO2 catalyst displayed a higher efficiency in CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol (STYEtOH ∼ 5.4 mmol gcat−1 h−1). The mechanistic studies emphasized the importance of all components for ethanol synthesis.
High density information storage through isotope ratio encoding
Authors: Sőregi Petra , Zwillinger Márton , Vágó Lajos , Csékei Márton , Kotschy Andras
Published: August 2024

Chemical information storage by mixing allowed to encode over 100 Mb of information using isotopologues of a simple organic molecule.
Surefire generation of stannylpotassium: highly reactive stannyl anions and applications
Authors: Hiraoka Yuta , Imagawa Taiki , Nakanishi Kazuki , Kawabe Hinata , Nakamoto Masaaki , Tsushima Takumi , Yoshida Hiroto
Published: August 2024

Generation of stannylpotassium using silylstannanes and its application to stannylation of aryl halides have been developed.
Theory and quantitative assessment of pH-responsive polyzwitterion–polyelectrolyte complexation
Authors: Hoover Samuel C. , Margossian Khatcher O. , Muthukumar Murugappan
Published: August 2024

We introduce a theoretical framework to describe the pH-sensitive phase behavior of polyzwitterion–polyelectrolyte complex coacervates that reasonably captures the phenomenon from recent experimental observations.
Thermal preconditioning of membrane stress to control the shapes of ultrathin crystals
Authors: Wan Hao , Jeon Geunwoong , Grason Gregory M. , Santore Maria M.
Published: August 2024

A 2D phospholipid crystal (dark) grows within a fluid vesicle membrane (light), starting as a small flower shape. While the area of the crystal grows progressively, the flower shape is preserved, a result of tension pre-conditioning.
The Right ICD Code, Right Now: A Call to Action for Pragmatic Language Disorders After Right Hemisphere Stroke
Authors: Minga Jamila , Fullwood Shanika Phillips , Rose Deborah , Fannin Danai Kasambira
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Diagnosis of language impairments after stroke is important to optimizing stroke outcomes. After right hemisphere brain damage (RHD), apragmatism can impact the comprehension and production of pragmatic language. However, despite decades of empirical evidence, there is no International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for RHD pragmatic language impairments. The absence of an ICD code has far reaching ramifications that impact patient outcomes, including reduced clinical and public awareness, limited curricular content, and underdiagnosis. This viewpoint justifies the need to appropriately classify the pragmatic language symptomology after RHD with an ICD code.

Conclusion:

An ICD code can positively influence health care practitioner knowledge, education, and practice while informing public health considerations vital to epidemiological analyses.
DC overvoltage suppression method of wind farm connected via MMC‐HVDC system
Authors: Chen Siying , Li Yingbiao , Li Shun , Fu Cong , Chen Yixing , Miao Lu , Bao Bo
Published: August 2024

A new integration strategy of grid‐forming‐controlled wind farms connected to the bulk power systems through high‐voltage direct current transmission based on the modular multi‐level converter (MMC) is proposed to solve the problem of traditional uncontrollable DC overvoltage during the short circuit faults at the receiving end. However, a new DC overvoltage phenomenon appears after the fault is cleared, and the interaction between the wind farm and sending‐ and receiving‐end MMCs makes the DC overvoltage mechanism more complex; further exploration shows that DC overvoltage during the sending‐end fault recovery stage occurs under the new integration strategy. Therefore, the evolution process and mechanism of the new DC overvoltage are analysed. It is found that affected by the interaction between wind farms and MMCs, the alternate saturation of the integrators in the PI controller of MMCs is the main cause. Based on this understanding, additional controls are proposed to suppress this DC overvoltage during the fault recovery stage. Simulations are carried out on a test with MATLAB/Simulink, and the results verify the efficacy of the proposed methods in suppressing DC overvoltage.
Improving YOLOv8 with parallel frequency channel attention for taxi passengers
Authors: Gao Qi , He Di , Xu Guilin
Published: August 2024

Detecting taxi passengers is crucial for assessing taxi driver behavior, which plays a significant role in regulating the taxi industry. Despite the advancements in deep learning, object detection algorithms have not been extensively applied to this domain. In this article, an innovative taxi passenger detection algorithm is introduced based on YOLOv8, a lightweight and highly accurate method designed to automatically monitor driver behavior and regulate the taxi industry. To address the challenge of deploying complex object detection models on mobile devices, the ghost module is incorporated in place of standard convolutions within the C2f module, thereby making the model more lightweight. Furthermore, the model's performance is enhanced by integrating an improved version of Frequency Channel Attention (FCA), termed Parallel Frequency Channel Attention (PFCA), which boosts detection accuracy with minimal additional parameters and computational overhead. Experimental results on a specific taxi passenger dataset demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline YOLOv8n model. Specifically, the model reduces the number of parameters and floating point operations by 12.96% and 8.18%, respectively, while achieving increases in mAP50 and mAP50‐95 by 0.27 and 0.73 percentage points, respectively.
Consideration of electronic warfare in the assessment and development of the operational capabilities of the armed forces
Authors: Najgebauer Andrzej
Published: August 2024

The analysis of the Armed Forces (AF) operational capabilities requires the construction of a formal model. Elements of this model will be presented here. Including selected aspects of Electronic Warfare (EW) in an operational capability assessment model is an important and difficult task. The essence of the impact of radio‐electronic, like other forms of cyber warfare, on reconnaissance, command and communications systems is to hinder or prevent kinetic operations. The model should identify and prioritise the required capabilities by defining the key objectives: identification of the future security environment and within it the operational environment, identification of planning scenarios and requirements for future forces, including forces to execute EW, identification of specific tasks in relation to AF missions and tasks, Identification of the list of AF required capabilities in the AF capability catalogue. The idea of identifying required capabilities and identifying gaps is presented in this chapter. The key questions/problems posed in the analysis process are: Do the identified capabilities fit with the mission and operational concepts and threats? What are the indicators for achieving the desired operational capabilities? What might be the cost of providing the AF with the required capabilities? What is the key approach to address these issues? An operational capability approach to planning is used, including the identification of the AF' reference modules, including EW units. Dimensioning of operational capabilities using formal and simulation methods is an important problem. An optimisation model is presented for determining the structure of the AF, based on reference modules with desired capabilities, enabling the realisation of identified operational concepts, taking into account the following criteria: operational and cost. The analysis proposes custom simulation models, based on mathematical models of the AF. The simulation is based on a step‐by‐step analysis with an introduced scenario and possible enemy structure and defined mission. A way of modifying the assessment of the parties' potentials as a result of the EW impact is presented. This has implications for the allocation of reference units in the formation of own forces in response to the enemy's potential formation and action.
A product recovery inventory model with a circular economy indicator
Authors: Yeo Ivan
Published: August 2024

The circular economy concept has been proposed as a way to increase sustainability, where manufacturers reduce waste by keeping materials in circulation as much as possible through product recovery, and consumers support these manufacturers by buying from them. Hence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the advantage of investing in circular economy activities by proposing an Economic Production Quantity inventory model for a finished product in a circular economy, where the finished product can be manufactured from raw materials and remanufactured from used items. The variable level of circularity is indicated by an index between 0 and 1. Both the production quantity and the circularity level are taken as a decision variables. The proposed model also takes carbon emission costs into account. A solution procedure to find the optimal policy is presented and is illustrated with numerical examples. Our analysis showed that investing in circular economy activities is advantageous, even when it is more profitable to manufacture than it is to remanufacture.
Nurse scheduling problem: Investigating the principles of operators in evolutionary algorithm for small size population
Authors: Lim Huai Tein , Yong Irene-Seok Ching , Ng Peh Sang , Song Poh Choo
Published: August 2024

Developing an effective nurse shifts assignment system, that considers diverse nurse preferences and fairness as well as ward coverage in practical operational scenarios, is a complex and time-consuming task. Failing to address various constraints with different levels of precedence can lead to undesirable nurse schedules. The efficiency of such a system relies heavily on the attributes of an automated scheduling approach or the proficiency of a head nurse. Therefore, this paper investigates the principles of designing artificial computing operators for a matrix representation solution in the evolutionary algorithm hybridization. Several parent selections, each with different selection intensities that prioritize elitism and dissimilarity characteristics, are reviewed. Additionally, the integration of parent selection intensities with specific fragment sizes of crossovers are studied when designing a well-performing algorithm. The evaluation criteria encompass algorithm reliability, accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency. The study reveals that the modified Maximax and Maximin parent selection with Block-wise crossover achieved a higher quality schedule with the lowest fitness value. In conclusion, a small-sized population proves suitable for addressing the complex computational problem that consist of heavy constraints. The selection intensity should strike a balance between elitism and dissimilarity intensities when combined with a smaller fragment size of mating strategy.
Neutrosophic Bézier Curve Model for Uncertainty Problem Using Approximation Approach
Authors: Rosli Siti Nur Idara , Zulkifly Mohammad Izat Emir
Published: August 2024

The problem of gathering data with uncertainty is difficult to address since certain values are eliminated owing to noise. Thus, the fundamental gap revealed is that fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets cannot deal with indeterminacy problems as compared to neutrosophic sets. This research demonstrates how to use a neutrosophic set to approximate the Bézier curve. The neutrosophic set and its qualities are used to identify the neutrosophic control point relation in the first stage. The control point and the Bernstein basis function are then combined to form a neutrosophic Bézier. The curve is then depicted using an approximation method involving truth membership, false membership, and indeterminacy membership curves. A numerical example and an algorithm for obtaining the neutrosophic Bézier curve are provided at the end of this work. As a result, this research can help data analysts acquire data without wasting any uncertain information data. Besides, this study can make a significant contribution to the scope of computational mathematics and modeling.
Identifying Possible Socio-Demographic Factors in Infant Mortality Rate Classification With Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Pratiwi Noviana , Rosadi Dedi , Abdurakhman
Published: August 2024

The measurement of infant mortality rate (IMR) stands as a crucial and complex indicator within global public health. Particularly for countries with constrained resources necessitating easily calculable and accurate gauges of population health, IMR retains its relevance. Several studies investigating infant mortality rates adopt a multilevel perspective and connect underlying factors with proximate variables. Conversely, interdisciplinary viewpoints, such as socio-demographic, offer a comprehensive overview of the intricate connections between socio-demographic disparities and mortality rates. This research focuses on the analysis of infant mortality rates, aiming to identify the sociodemographic factors influencing them to facilitate the formulation of more targeted intervention strategies. Employing Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures - Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) as the analytical method is motivated by its capability to navigate complex multivariable structures and elucidate the relationships between socio-demographic variables and infant mortality rates. The OPLS-DA model is used to extract significant patterns and relationships in the data so that it is possible for socio-demographic factors to have a significant impact on infant mortality rates. It is hoped that the results of the classification will provide insight and become the basis for developing policies by considering socio-demographic aspects in efforts to prevent infant mortality.
The Effect of Trientine on AlCl3-Induced Cognitive
Dysfunction and Biochemical Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats
Authors: Mousavi-Nasab Kian , Amani Mohammad , Mostafalou Sara
Published: August 2024

Cognitive impairments affect millions of people worldwide with an increasing
prevalence. Research on their etiology and treatment is developing, nevertheless
significant gaps remain. Trientine (TETA), as a copper chelator, has been shown
to have beneficial effects in different human chronic diseases such as diabetic
cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. Here, we examined the impact of TETA on
AlCl3-induced neurocognitive dysfunctions and molecular changes
in the hippocampus of rats.

Thirty-six male Wistar rats (weighing 200–250 g) were randomly divided into four
groups including control, TETA (100 mg/kg/day), AlCl3
(100 mg/kg/day), and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day)+TETA (100 mg/kg/day), and
received chemicals by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, the open
field maze, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition memory test, and
shuttle box test were done. Then after, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF), glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β), acetylcholinesterase activity,
oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory mediators were measured in the
hippocampus.

AlCl3 increased anxiety-like behaviors and impaired recognition and
short-term memory. TETA was able to improve AlCl3-induced
anxiety-like behaviors and short-term memory dysfunction. In the
AlCl3-treated group, there was a significant increase in GSK-3β,
oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic markers, and decreased BDNF
in the hippocampus. Co-administration of TETA was able to decrease lipid
peroxidation, inflammation, GSK-3β, and acetylcholinesterase activity, and
increase BDNF in the hippocampus compared with AlCl3-treated
rats.

It can be concluded that TETA was able to improve neurobehavioral and
neurocognitive functions by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and
pro-apoptotic pathways leading to the normalization of BDNF and GSK-3β.
No Radiographic Evidence of Medial Collateral Ligament Elongation in Valgus Osteoarthritic Knees Enables Treatment with Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nedopil Alexander J. , Dhaliwal Anand Singh , Klasan Antonio , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L.
Published: August 2024

When performing caliper-verified kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA) in the osteoarthritic (OA) knee with valgus deformity, an elongated medial collateral ligament (MCL) could result in a valgus setting of the tibial component. The present study analyzed KA TKA in patients with valgus deformities (i.e., tibiofemoral angle > 10 degrees of valgus) and determined (1) the occurrence of radiographic MCL elongation, (2) the incidence of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) release and the use of constrained components, and (3) whether the 1-year Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR), and Likert satisfaction score were comparable to KA TKAs for OA deformities ≤10 degrees of valgus. One hundred and two consecutive patients who underwent KA TKA by a single surgeon were analyzed radiographically and clinically at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Radiographic MCL elongation was identified by a greater than 1 degree of valgus orientation of the tibial component relative to the OA tibial joint line. Twenty-six patients had a radiographic anatomic tibiofemoral angle greater than 10 degrees of valgus (range of OA deformity: 11–23 degrees of valgus). Seventy-six had an OA deformity ≤10 degrees of valgus (10-degree valgus to –14-degree varus). No patient had MCL elongation or a ligament release, or required constrained components. The median FJS of 78, OKS of 42, and KOOS JR of 76, and the 85% satisfaction rate of the patients with greater than 10 degrees of OA valgus deformity were not significantly different from those with ≤10 degrees of OA valgus deformity (p ≥ 0.17). Because MCL elongation was not detected in OA deformities up to 23 degrees of valgus, the risk of under-correcting the valgus deformity leading to instability and poor outcome scores is low when performing KA TKA using primary components without releasing the LCL and/or PCL.

Level of Evidence: IV.
The Correlation of Reverse Redistribution Pattern with Coronary Angiography: A Conundrum Revisited
Authors: Uzun Hakan Gökalp , Ekinci Selim , Hazır Kutluhan Eren , Alpay Mücalp
Published: August 2024

Objective The reverse redistribution (RR) pattern is a phenomenon whose etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications are not well understood. The studies examining this pattern date back to days when timely coronary interventions and anti-ischemic therapies were not widely used, so we aimed to reinvestigate any relationship between RR and coronary angiography (CA) findings in today's contemporary clinical settings.

Methods All patients with an RR pattern on the Tc99m-MIBI (technetium-99m sestamibi) scan between 2021 and 2023 were screened. Information on demographics, history of acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, comorbidities, and risk factors was collected. The CA findings were compared to RR regions. The physician's decision in the case of the RR pattern was grouped.

Results In a total of 67 patients (men 83%, aged 63.6 ± 10.5), the RR pattern was most commonly seen in the inferior-posterior wall (n = 41, 31.3%), followed by the apex (n = 19, 14.5%) and anterior (n = 12, 9.2%). Most patients with RR pattern had normal/nonobstructive coronary angiograms (61.1%, n = 22); significant stenoses in 1, 2, and 3 vessels were present in 19.4% (n = 7), 13.8% (n = 5), and 5.5% (n = 2) of patients, respectively. There was no correlation between the regions of the RR pattern and significant stenosis detected on CA (p = 0.6, p = 0.5, p = 0.6, respectively, for left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery, and right coronary artery).

Conclusion In this study, no evidence of a relationship between RR patterns and CA findings was found. The 60% of the patients with RR pattern had normal/nonobstructive coronaries, so the decision to proceed with CA should not be made based solely on this finding.
Optimizing the quality of casual relationships among primary energy consumption, financial growth, and trade openness: A panel data analysis of G-20 Nations
Authors: Wu Yugang , Solangi Yasir Ahmed
Published: August 2024

The current research examines the interlink within G-20 economies. Advanced econometrics methods were employed in the panel data collected from 1990 to 2019. Within an employed method, co-integration, panel unit tests, and vector error models were considered, unveiling long-term interactions and the casual interlink between proposed variables. This method is essential to highlight the complicated relationship between energy usage and economic factors. It also supports the global efforts to minimize environmental degradation and fossil fuel usage to achieve the Paris Agreement goals. The current study's findings show a significant and robust long-term equilibrium between primary energy consumption, financial growth, price of energy, and trade openness. The findings further suggest that fluctuations in primary energy consumption directly impact financial growth, with trade openness being essential to this relationship. Renewable energy sources also play a vital role in mitigating carbon emissions that precisely explain sustainable financial growth without comprising the protection of environmental integrity. For the member countries of the G-20, the findings emphasize improving energy efficiency, funding for renewable energy, and maintaining stable energy prices to promote sustainable financial growth. This paper contributes to the existing literature examining the co-integration between renewable energy consumption, financial growth, and trade openness for the long run, stresses the necessity of comprehensive energy policies, and employs superior econometric estimation techniques.
Multiscale modeling shows how 2’-deoxy-ATP rescues ventricular function in heart failure
Authors: Teitgen Abigail E. , Hock Marcus T. , McCabe Kimberly J. , Childers Matthew C. , Huber Gary A. , Marzban Bahador , Beard Daniel A. , McCammon J. Andrew , Regnier Michael , McCulloch Andrew D.
Published: August 2024

2’-deoxy-ATP (dATP) improves cardiac function by increasing the rate of crossbridge cycling and Ca

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transient decay. However, the mechanisms of these effects and how therapeutic responses to dATP are achieved when dATP is only a small fraction of the total ATP pool remain poorly understood. Here, we used a multiscale computational modeling approach to analyze the mechanisms by which dATP improves ventricular function. We integrated atomistic simulations of prepowerstroke myosin and actomyosin association, filament-scale Markov state modeling of sarcomere mechanics, cell-scale analysis of myocyte Ca

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dynamics and contraction, organ-scale modeling of biventricular mechanoenergetics, and systems level modeling of circulatory dynamics. Molecular and Brownian dynamics simulations showed that dATP increases the actomyosin association rate by 1.9 fold. Markov state models predicted that dATP increases the pool of myosin heads available for crossbridge cycling, increasing steady-state force development at low dATP fractions by 1.3 fold due to mechanosensing and nearest-neighbor cooperativity. This was found to be the dominant mechanism by which small amounts of dATP can improve contractile function at myofilament to organ scales. Together with faster myocyte Ca

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handling, this led to improved ventricular contractility, especially in a failing heart model in which dATP increased ejection fraction by 16% and the energy efficiency of cardiac contraction by 1%. This work represents a complete multiscale model analysis of a small molecule myosin modulator from single molecule to organ system biophysics and elucidates how the molecular mechanisms of dATP may improve cardiovascular function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
MHD flows through ferromagnetic rectangular ducts in liquid metal blankets
Authors: Zhang Xiujie , Zhao Yao , Sun Zhenchao , Wang Lei , Lv Xinting
Published: August 2024

In most designs of liquid metal blankets, the reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel with high relative magnetic permeability is proposed as the structural wall material, which will have an obvious influence on the magnetic field distribution inside the duct and consequently modify the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow state. However, the MHD flow state considering the influence of the ferromagnetic wall is lack of systematic investigations especially under the relevant conditions of magnetic confinement fusion reactors. In this work, systematic investigations on the ferromagnetic MHD effect are conducted by experiments and numerical simulations considering the relevant condition of fusion reactors such as high magnetic fields up to 10 T and the actual magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic walls. It is found that magnetic field lines are mainly gathered through the side wall for ferromagnetic rectangular ducts, which will result in the overall magnetic shielding effect. As applied magnetic fields increase, the magnetic shielding effect weakens, increasing the aspect ratio and wall thickness of the duct is benefit to enhance the overall magnetic shielding effect. A slightly magnetic strengthening effect is firstly observed in our experimental and numerical investigations, which is characterized that the average magnetic flux intensity in the fluid region is slightly greater than applied magnetic fields and the pressure drop in ferromagnetic ducts is also higher than that in non-ferromagnetic ducts when the applied magnetic field is bigger than the threshold of transition. The dimensionless pressure gradient in ferromagnetic rectangular ducts usually increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of applied magnetic fields, the pressure drop estimated from the coefficient of the square of the average magnetic flux intensity in the fluid region is generally accurate with exceptions in some extreme conditions. These findings will provide a theoretical guidance for future liquid metal blanket designs.
Safety design considerations for conversion of civil aircraft to fire-fighting aircraft
Authors: Lv Jun
Published: August 2024

This paper combines fire-fighting aircraft accident cases, unique mission profiles, and operational scenarios/environments. It analyzes the aspects that need to be considered in the safety design of fire-fighting aircraft retrofitting, risks and coping strategies, proposes a design scheme and safety design requirements for a leakage detection and alarm system with a dual-channel redundant architecture, and carries out a safety assessment, verifying that the system architecture can satisfy the safety design requirements, and is of guiding significance for the design of firefighting modifications to civilian aircraft and the safety assessment.
Engineering evaluation of drag reduction on wing surface with riblets
Authors: Lin Xiaodan , Mao Handong
Published: August 2024

Compared with smooth surface, the surface with riblet structure can effectively reduce the turbulence wall-skin friction. An engineering evaluation of drag reduction on wing surface with riblets is conducted in this study. The results demonstrate that the drag reduction effect of the ribbed surface can be effectively modelled by specifying the wall shear stress in the boundary slip condition. The wall shear stress of the surface with specific riblet structure is 0.9417 times that of the smooth surface. The drag reduction rates of the ribbed surface for the civil aircraft increase with Reynolds number, which are 4.91% (Re=3.21×106), 4.93% (Re=5.68×106), and 4.95% (Re=6.13×106).