bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsivity in Practice
Authors: Ricciardelli Rose , Perry Kelsea
Published: July 2016

Researchers of responsivity call for a renewed focus on the role of staff–prisoner relationships in facilitating rehabilitative aims in correctional facilities. Although area experts suggest communication styles are crucial indicators of the success or failure of therapeutic efforts, how correctional officers (COs) communicate with prisoners to form trusting, caring relationships within correctional facilities lacks scholarly inquiry. In response, we investigate how COs working with adult male prisoners value and use their communication skills to discern which techniques are consistent with the responsivity principle. Male and female COs ( N = 42) employed in remand or correctional centers across Canada participated in semistructured in-depth interviews. Analyses of interview transcripts reveal officers self-report valuing and using prosocial communication techniques when working with male prisoners in a “relational but secure” approach. Findings suggest this approach provides the trust and respect needed for responsivity efforts to be effective. The facets of a “relational but secure” communicative approach, the vehicles by which such an approach is produced by COs, and the obstacles preventing its successful implementation are discussed.
Working at the Wonder: Collaborative Writing as Method of Inquiry
Authors: Gale Ken , Wyatt Jonathan
Published: July 2016

This article offers a discussion concerning the future of collaborative writing as a method of inquiry. Taking the form of a dialogic exchange, we take up Isabelle Stengers’ notion of “wonder” as a creative and political lens through which to consider the disruptive, radical, and productive methodological capacity that collaborative writing as a research method potentially offers. Working particularly with Deleuze and Guattari, we argue that language in collaborative writing practices is deeply entangled with complex materialist practice, and through engagements with these “matterings” we make sense of collaborative writing as immanent event. We discuss—and experience—the challenges that collaborative writing has for research and this article pushes at established categories, works against the fixities of conventional theory construction, contests the humanist and phenomenological proclivities that arguably limit the process and effectiveness of collaborative writing as method of inquiry, and wonders at the immensities that are possible.
Splotch
Authors: Dykes Timothy , Gheller Claudio , Rivi Marzia , Krokos Mel
Published: July 2016

With the increasing size and complexity of data produced by large-scale numerical simulations, it is of primary importance for scientists to be able to exploit all available hardware in heterogenous high-performance computing environments for increased throughput and efficiency. We focus on the porting and optimization of Splotch, a scalable visualization algorithm, to utilize the Xeon Phi, Intel’s coprocessor based upon the new many integrated core architecture. We discuss steps taken to offload data to the coprocessor and algorithmic modifications to aid faster processing on the many-core architecture and make use of the uniquely wide vector capabilities of the device, with accompanying performance results using multiple Xeon Phi. Finally we compare performance against results achieved with the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based implementation of Splotch.
Perceptions of schooling, pedagogy and notation in the lives of visually-impaired musicians
Authors: Baker David , Green Lucy
Published: July 2016

This article discusses findings on schooling, pedagogy and notation in the life-experiences of amateur and professional visually-impaired musicians/music teachers, and the professional experiences of sighted music teachers who work with visually-impaired learners. The study formed part of a broader UK Arts and Humanities Research Council funded project, officially entitled “Visually-impaired musicians’ lives: Trajectories of musical practice, participation and learning”, but which came to be known as “Visually-impaired musicians’ lives” (VIML). VIML was led at the UCL Institute of Education, London, UK and supported by the Royal Academy of Music, London, and Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) UK, starting in 2013 and concluding in 2015. It sourced “insider” perspectives from 225 adult blind and partially-sighted musicians/music teachers, and 6 sighted music teachers, through life history interviews and an international questionnaire, which collected quantitative and qualitative data. Through articulating a range of “insider” voices, this article examines some issues, as construed by respondents, around educational equality and inclusion in music for visually-impaired children and adults in relation to three main areas: the provision of mainstream schooling versus special schools; pedagogy, including the preparedness of teachers to respond to the needs of visually-impaired learners; and the educational role of notation, focusing particularly on Braille as well as other print media. The investigation found multifaceted perspectives on the merits of visually-impaired children being educated in either mainstream or special educational contexts. These related to matters such as access to specific learning opportunities, a lack of understanding of visually-impaired musicians’ learning processes (including accessible technologies and score media) in mainstream contexts, and concerns about the knowledge of music educators in relation to visual impairment. Regarding pedagogy, there were challenges raised, but also helpful areas for sighted music educators to consider, such as differentiation by sight condition and approach, and the varying roles of gesture, language, light and touch. There was diversity in musical participation of visually-impaired adult learners, along with some surprising barriers as well as opportunities linked to different genres and musical contexts, particularly in relation to various print media, and sight reading.
Personalisation: A theoretical possibility to reinvigorate children’s interest in storybook reading and facilitate greater book diversity
Authors: Kucirkova Natalia
Published: July 2016

Since the early 2010s, there has been a proliferation of new platforms for children’s stories (e.g. storybook apps or iBooks), but not necessarily greater diversity of story content or children’s greater interest in reading. This article argues for a new approach to address the apparent paradox of a wider availability of children’s literature combined with children’s eroded reading interest. The issue is suggested to be addressed by considering the agency and aesthetic dimensions which lie at the heart of personalisation theory. Translating agency into reading practice means establishing children’s early authoring, which can result in an eclectic approach to content and increased reading motivation, as long as children’s aesthetic choices are fully supported. However, it is also argued that early authoring should not be conflated with achieving an overly child-centred literature, which would ignore the reciprocity dimension of community and society relations. Digital book-making is suggested to offer original concepts which might provide an alternative approach for future work in the area of early authoring.
The effect of exercise on coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Patelis Nikolaos , Karaolanis Georgios , Kouvelos Georgios N , Hart Collin , Metheiken Sean
Published: July 2016

Peripheral arterial disease is a widely prevalent atherosclerotic occlusive disorder. Symptoms commence with exercise-induced pain in the lower extremities, known as claudication. Despite the fact that exercise has been shown to improve fibrinolytic profile some patients, the effect of exercise on coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades in claudicants has not been comprehensively defined. Literature search in English language yielded 13 studies of exercise on claudicants, including 420 patients. Claudicants tend to have a higher coagulation activity at rest compared to healthy individuals, a trend that persists even after exercise. Post-exercise coagulation activity of claudicants is increased when compared to their respective baseline levels, but it is so in a non-consistent manner. From the available data, it has been suggested that claudicants have a functional and effective fibrinolytic mechanism in place, operating continuously at a relatively higher activity level compared to healthy individuals. Fibrinolysis seems to be activated by exercise; a positive outcome with a prolonged effect as shown by a few of the studies. A final conclusion whether coagulation or fibrinolysis activity is affected mostly by exercise type and intensity in claudicants could not be answered. All conclusions regarding the effect of exercise on the coagulation and fibrinolysis mechanisms should be taken under cautious consideration, due to the limited number of studies, the small number of patients and the different exercise strategies employed in each study. Further randomized studies with similar exercise protocols could provide safer conclusions in the future.
Professional or personal framing? International media coverage of the Israel–Hamas prisoner exchange deal
Authors: Karniel Yuval , Lavie-Dinur Amit , Samuel Azran Tal
Published: July 2016

This article explores whether national political agendas influenced the content of domestic and foreign television news media coverage of the 2011 Israel–Hamas Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange deal. The deal, which released Israeli soldier Shalit in exchange for 1,027 prisoners, is the largest prisoner exchange agreement in Israeli history for a single live soldier, but the third largest prisoner exchange agreement as a whole. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on 2,162 news reports from five international and national news networks – BBC, CNN, Fox and Israel’s Channels 1 and 2. The findings suggest important differences in the way foreign and national news networks cover controversial political events. Findings reveal that Israeli networks strongly aligned themselves with the government’s position, while the BBC provided the most balanced coverage. Prominent differences were found between the two US channels – CNN and Fox News. This work builds on a growing body of research on media framing of political events.
Accuracy and Positivity in Adolescent Perceptions of Parent Behavior
Authors: Human Lauren J. , Chan Meanne , Ifthikhar Rafa , Williams Deanna , DeLongis Anita , Chen Edith
Published: July 2016

Forming accurate perceptions is often linked to positive relationship and individual functioning, yet may also be detrimental in some contexts. The current study examined whether accuracy may be detrimental to individual functioning, both psychological and physiological, in an important social context: parent–adolescent relationships. Specifically, we examined whether the accuracy of adolescents’ perceptions of their parent’s behaviors was associated with adolescent psychological adjustment (depression and perceived stress; Ndyads = 99) and proinflammatory profiles ( Ndyads = 95). Adolescents who viewed their parent’s behaviors more accurately (more in line with external observers’ ratings) reported worse psychological adjustment and demonstrated worse regulation of the inflammatory response. In contrast, adolescents who viewed their parent’s behaviors highly normatively and positively reported better psychological adjustment. Overall, these findings suggest that adolescent accuracy regarding parent behaviors may be detrimental to adolescent psychological adjustment and inflammatory processes.
The Return of the King
Authors: Bostwick Eryn N. , Lookadoo Kathryn L.
Published: July 2016

This study examined the experiences of Northeast Ohio residents when LeBron James announced he was leaving the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2010 and then returned in 2014, through the lens of parasocial relationships (PSRs). One hundred thirty-seven people who either grew up in or currently resided in Northeast Ohio reported about their experiences when LeBron James announced he was leaving Cleveland to play in Miami in 2010, as well as their experiences when he announced his return to Cleveland in 2014. Results indicated the more intense a PSR with James was, the more invested in him individuals were. Additionally, experiencing a parasocial breakup was positively related to having feelings of grief after James left. The results of this study extend previous research on PSRs to a new realm and help explain why some sports fans might react negatively when finding out their favorite player is no longer playing with their favorite team.
Fibular Strut Graft Augmentation for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Saltzman Bryan M. , Erickson Brandon J. , Harris Joshua D. , Gupta Anil K. , Mighell Mark , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Proximal humerus fractures are common problems plaguing the elderly population.

Purpose:

The purposes of this study were to determine the outcomes of fibular strut allografts in treatment of proximal humerus fractures with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and to present the authors’ preferred surgical technique. The hypothesis was that the use of fibular strut allografts in treating proximal humerus fractures with ORIF will provide low reoperation rates with acceptable outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and performed with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using 3 publicly available free databases. Therapeutic clinical outcome investigations reporting arthroscopic elbow outcomes with levels of evidence 1 through 4 were eligible for inclusion. All study, subject, and surgical technique demographics were analyzed and compared between continents and countries. Statistics were calculated using Student t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, chi-square tests, and 2-proportion Z tests.

Results:

Four studies met the inclusion criteria. While there is great heterogeneity existing in the literature surrounding use of a fibular strut allograft as an adjunct to ORIF of proximal humerus fractures, current evidence shows a humeral head screw penetration rate of 3.7% with acceptable functional outcome scores, with a reoperation rate of 4.4% at a weighted mean 80.78 weeks (1.55 years) of postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion:

There is great heterogeneity that exists in the literature surrounding the use of a fibular strut allograft as an adjunct to ORIF of proximal humerus fractures. Current evidence shows a screw penetration rate of 3.7% with acceptable functional outcome scores, demonstrating fibular strut allograft is a viable option for treating proximal humerus fractures.
LFA-1 integrin antibodies inhibit leukocyte α4β1–mediated adhesion by intracellular signaling
Authors: Grönholm Mikaela , Jahan Farhana , Bryushkova Ekaterina A. , Madhavan Sudarrshan , Aglialoro Francesca , Soto Hinojosa Laura , Uotila Liisa M. , Gahmberg Carl G.
Published: July 2016

Key Points

Activating and inhibitory antibodies to the LFA-1 integrin inhibit the α4β1 integrin. Inhibition occurs by intracellular signaling resulting from integrin phosphorylations.
The changing graduate labour market: analysis using a new indicator of graduate jobs
Authors: Green Francis , Henseke Golo
Published: July 2016

This paper examines differentiation in the recent evolving graduate labour market in Britain. Using a novel statistically derived indicator of graduate jobs, based on job skill requirements in three-digit occupations obtained from the British Skills and Employment Survey series, we analyse trends in the labour market between 1997/2001 and 2006/2012. The indicator performs better than other indicators in validation tests, could be applied flexibly in other contexts, and is available in the Additional file 1. We find that the massive influx of graduates into the labour force has been absorbed with no increase in overeducation. However, the returns to graduation have become more dispersed, with those at the upper quartile of the residual distribution increasing, while those at the lowest quartile have fallen. The wage gap between matched and overeducated graduates increased by 11 log points. Using the British Household Panel Study, we find that the persistence of overeducation status did not change but for non-employed male graduates moving into employment, the chances of entering a graduate job decreased.

JEL Classification: J21, J24, J3
Irgm1 is required for the inflammatory function of M1 macrophage in early experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Xu Yanwen , He Zhongze , Li Zhaoying , Fang Shaohong , Zhang Yun , Wan Cong , Ma Yiming , Lin Peng , Liu Chuanliang , Wang Guangyou , Li Rui , Zhu Jiwei , Li Ying , Mu Lili , Zhang Yao , Wang Jinghua , Kong Qingfei , Li Hulun , Sun Bo
Published: July 2016

The classically activated (M1) macrophage has been shown to play an indispensable role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, most studies focus on the effect of macrophage on CNS demyelination of EAE; whether the M1 macrophage participates in early EAE and the molecular mechanism underlying remains unclear. Here, we showed that the immunity-related GTPase family member 1 (Irgm1), also known as LRG-47, was expressed in M1 macrophages of draining lymph nodes (dLNs) from C57BL/6 mice with early EAE, and the IRGM1 heterozygote substantially reduced M1 macrophage accumulation in dLNs and spleen of the primary EAE stage. In vitro silence of IRGM1 in M1 macrophages impaired NOS2 expression and inflammatory cytokine release. We also found that IRGM1 knockout (Irgm1−/−) in M1 macrophages increased Akt activation but attenuated NF-κB p65 activation, which may reveal Irgm1-mediated mechanisms of action. Interestingly, macrophage depletion in vivo inhibited Th1/Th17 differentiation in the spleen and promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization in dLNs at 7 d postimmunization (dpi). Moreover, we observed that M1 macrophages in vitro promoted Th1/Th17 differentiation, which was reversed by treatment with IRGM1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), anti-TNF-α, or anti-IL-1β mAb. These results suggest that the M1 macrophage may promote Th1/Th17 cell differentiation during the early EAE, and the proinflammatory function of M1 cells requires Irgm1.
Dexamethasone rapidly suppresses IL-33-stimulated mast cell function by blocking transcription factor activity
Authors: Paranjape Anuya , Chernushevich Oksana , Qayum Amina Abdul , Spence Andrew J , Taruselli Marcela T , Abebayehu Daniel , Barnstein Brian O , McLeod Jamie Josephine Avila , Baker Bianca , Bajaj Gurjas S , Chumanevich Alena P , Oskeritzian Carole A , Ryan John J
Published: July 2016

Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic disease and can be activated by IL-33, a proinflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-33 worsens the pathology of mast cell–mediated diseases, but therapies to antagonize IL-33 are still forthcoming. Because steroids are the mainstay of allergic disease treatment and are well known to suppress mast cell activation by other stimuli, we examined the effects of the steroid dexamethasone on IL-33-mediated mast cell function. We found that dexamethasone potently and rapidly suppressed cytokine production elicited by IL-33 from murine bone marrow–derived and peritoneal mast cells. IL-33 enhances IgE-mediated mast cell cytokine production, an activity that was also antagonized by dexamethasone. These effects were consistent in human mast cells. We additionally observed that IL-33 augmented migration of IgE-sensitized mast cells toward antigen. This enhancing effect was similarly reversed by dexamethasone. Simultaneous addition of dexamethasone with IL-33 had no effect on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases or NFκB p65 subunit; however, dexamethasone antagonized AP-1- and NFκB-mediated transcriptional activity. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone completely abrogated IL-33-mediated peritoneal neutrophil recruitment and prevented plasma IL-6 elevation. These data demonstrate that steroid therapy may be an effective means of antagonizing the effects of IL-33 on mast cells in vitro and in vivo, acting partly by suppressing IL-33-induced NFκB and AP-1 activity.
The evidence–practice gap in specialist mental healthcare: Systematic review and meta-analysis of guideline implementation studies
Authors: Girlanda Francesca , Fiedler Ines , Becker Thomas , Barbui Corrado , Koesters Markus
Published: July 2016

Background

Clinical practice guidelines are not easily implemented, leading to a gap between research synthesis and their use in routine care.

Aims

To summarise the evidence relating to the impact of guideline implementation on provider performance and patient outcomes in mental healthcare settings, and to explore the performance of different strategies for guideline implementation.

Method

A systematic review of randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials and before-and-after studies comparing guideline implementation strategiesv.usual care, and different guideline implementation strategies, in patients with severe mental illness.

Results

In total, 19 studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies did not show a consistent positive effect of guideline implementation on provider performance, but a more consistent small to modest positive effect on patient outcomes.

Conclusions

Guideline implementation does not seem to have an impact on provider performance, nonetheless it may influence patient outcomes positively.
Cardiac Embryology and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Heart Disease: A Primer for Anesthesiologists
Authors: Kloesel Benjamin , DiNardo James A. , Body Simon C.
Published: July 2016

Congenital heart disease is diagnosed in 0.4% to 5% of live births and presents unique challenges to the pediatric anesthesiologist. Furthermore, advances in surgical management have led to improved survival of those patients, and many adult anesthesiologists now frequently take care of adolescents and adults who have previously undergone surgery to correct or palliate congenital heart lesions. Knowledge of abnormal heart development on the molecular and genetic level extends and improves the anesthesiologist’s understanding of congenital heart disease. In this article, we aim to review current knowledge pertaining to genetic alterations and their cellular effects that are involved in the formation of congenital heart defects. Given that congenital heart disease can currently only occasionally be traced to a single genetic mutation, we highlight some of the difficulties that researchers face when trying to identify specific steps in the pathogenetic development of heart lesions.
Autophagy resolves early retinal inflammation in Igf1-deficient mice
Authors: Arroba Ana I. , Rodríguez-de la Rosa Lourdes , Murillo-Cuesta Silvia , Vaquero-Villanueva Laura , Hurlé Juan M. , Varela-Nieto Isabel , Valverde Ángela M.
Published: July 2016

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a growth factor with differentiating, anti-apoptotic and metabolic functions in the periphery, and anti-inflammatory properties in the nervous system. Mice that have mutations in the Igf1 gene, rendering the gene product inactive (Igf1−/−), present with age-related visual loss accompanied by structural alterations in the first synapses of the retinal pathway. Recent advances have revealed a crucial role of autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Keeping in mind this close relationship, we aimed to decipher these processes in the context of the defects that occur during ageing in the retina of Igf1−/− mice. Tnfa and Il1b mRNAs, and phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK were elevated in the retinas of 6- and 12-month old Igf1−/− mice compared to those in age-matched Igf1+/+ controls. In 6-month-old Igf1−/− retinas, increased mRNA levels of the autophagy mediators Becn1, Atg9, Atg5 and Atg4, decreased p62 (also known as SQSTM1) protein expression together with an increased LC3-II:LC3-I ratio reflected active autophagic flux. However, in retinas from 12-month-old Igf1−/− mice, Nlrp3 mRNA, processing of the IL1β pro-form and immunostaining of active caspase-1 were elevated compared to those in age-matched Igf1+/+ controls, suggesting activation of the inflammasome. This effect concurred with accumulation of autophagosomes and decreased autophagic flux in the retina. Microglia localization and status of activation in the retinas of 12-month-old Igf1+/+ and Igf1−/− mice, analyzed by immunostaining of Cd11b and Iba-1, showed a specific distribution pattern in the outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and inner nuclear layer (INL), and revealed an increased number of activated microglia cells in the retina of 12-month-old blind Igf1−/− mice. Moreover, reactive gliosis was exclusively detected in the retinas from 12-month-old blind Igf1−/− mice. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence in a mouse model of IGF-1 deficiency that autophagy is an adaptive response that might confer protection against persistent inflammation in the retina during ageing.
Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly
Authors: Lehmann Philipp , Pruisscher Peter , Posledovich Diana , Carlsson Mikael , Käkelä Reijo , Tang Patrik , Nylin Sören , Wheat Christopher W. , Wiklund Christer , Gotthard Karl
Published: July 2016

Diapause is a fundamental component of the life-cycle in the majority of insects living in environments characterized by strong seasonality. The present study addresses poorly understood associations and trade-offs between endogenous diapause duration, thermal sensitivity of development, energetic cost of development and cold tolerance. Diapause intensity, metabolic rate trajectories and lipid profiles of directly developing and diapausing animals were studied using pupae and adults of Pieris napi butterflies from a population for which endogenous diapause is well studied. Endogenous diapause was terminated after 3 months and termination required chilling. Metabolic and postdiapause development rates increased with diapause duration, while the metabolic cost of postdiapause development decreased, indicating that once diapause is terminated development proceeds at a low rate even at low temperature. Diapausing pupae had larger lipid stores than the directly developing pupae and lipids constituted the primary energy source during diapause. However, during diapause lipid stores did not decrease. Thus, despite lipid catabolism meeting the low energy costs of the diapausing pupae, primary lipid store utilization did not occur until the onset of growth and metamorphosis in spring. In line with this finding, diapausing pupae contained low amounts of mitochondria-derived cardiolipins, which suggests a low capacity for fatty acid β-oxidation. While ontogenic development had a large effect on lipid and fatty acid profiles, only small changes in these were seen during diapause. The data therefore indicate that the diapause lipidomic phenotype is built early, when pupae are still at high temperature, and retained until diapause post-diapause development.
Using Variable Selection and Wavelets to Exploit the Full Potential of Visible–Near Infrared Spectra for Predicting Soil Properties
Authors: Vohland Michael , Ludwig Marie , Harbich Monika , Emmerling Christoph , Thiele-Bruhn Sören
Published: July 2016

In soil spectroscopy a series of strategies exists to optimise multivariate calibrations. We explore this issue with a set of topsoil samples for which we estimated soil organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (N) from visible–near infrared (vis–NIR) spectra (350–2500 nm). In total, 172 samples were collected to cover the soil heterogeneity in the study area located in western Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. There, soils with varying properties developed from very diverse parent materials, e.g., ranging from very acidic sandstone to dolomitic marl. We defined four sample sets each of a different size and heterogeneity. Each set was subdivided into a calibration and a validation set. The first strategy that we tested to improve prediction accuracies was spectral variable selection using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV), both in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR). In addition, continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) with the Mexican Hat wavelet was applied to decompose the measured spectra into multiple scale components (dyadic scales 21−25) and thus to represent the high and low frequency features contained in the spectra. CARS was then applied to select wavelet coefficients from the different scales and to introduce them in the PLSR approach (CWT-CARS-PLSR). Regarding prediction power, CWT-CARS-PLSR outperformed the other approaches. For the smallest data set with 30 validation samples, prediction accuracy for OC increased from approximately quantitative with full spectrum-PLSR ( r2 = 0.81, residual prediction deviation ( RPD) = 2.27) to excellent when using wavelet decomposition and CARS-PLSR ( r2 = 0.93, RPD = 3.60). For N, predictions improved from unsuccessful ( r2 = 0.63, RPD = 1.36) to approximately quantitative ( r2 = 0.84, RPD = 2.03). In case of OC, predictions were worst for the largest dataset with 57 validation samples: CWT-CARS-PLSR achieved approximately quantitative predictions ( r2 = 0.82, RPD = 2.31), whereas full spectrum-PLSR provided estimates that allowed only separating between high and low values ( r2 = 0.72, RPD = 1.88). Accuracy of N estimation for this dataset using CWT-CARS-PLSR was also approximately quantitative. Concerning the tested spectral variable selection techniques, both methods provided similar results in the prediction. The application of IRIV was limited due to long processing times.
Asthma attacks: Making sure your schools are prepared
Authors: Hammett Emma
Published: July 2016

With an average of two children with asthma in every classroom, it is essential that all schools are prepared to recognise the symptoms and manage asthma attacks. Emma Hammett provides a useful reminder of the triggers, signs and management of an asthma attack.
Young people's views about how they would like to access their school nurse
Authors: Bulmer Julie , Webster Emily
Published: July 2016

Involving children and young people in the design of school nursing services is essential to ensure that they are accessible and respond to their needs. Julie Bulmer and Emily Webster have explored young people's views on how they would like to access services, locally.
Considering the impact of stigma on lesbian, gay and bisexual people receiving palliative and end-of-life care
Authors: Chidiac Claude , Connolly Michael
Published: July 2016

Stigma is a common characteristic among lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people's lives. The LGB population faces a challenge in finding ways to adapt to its stigmatised identity. Stigma and its related processes can have an isolating and negative affect on the LGB individual, who is seen as and often perceives themselves as different. Stigma can also have a negative effect on health and wellbeing and can influence the type of care received from health and social care professionals, including those working in palliative care. This paper presents a discussion of the impact that stigma has on LGB people who access and receive palliative and end-of-life care.
Genome-wide association studies and gene expression profiles of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Xiao X. , Hao J. , Wen Y. , Wang W. , Guo X. , Zhang F.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

The molecular mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains elusive. We conducted a protein-protein interaction network-based integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression profiles of RA.

Methods

We first performed a dense search of RA-associated gene modules by integrating a large GWAS meta-analysis dataset (containing 5539 RA patients and 20 169 healthy controls), protein interaction network and gene expression profiles of RA synovium and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was conducted by DAVID. The protein association networks of gene modules were generated by STRING.

Results

For RA synovium, the top-ranked gene module is HLA-A, containing TAP2, HLA-A, HLA-C, TAPBP and LILRB1 genes. For RA PBMCs, the top-ranked gene module is GRB7, consisting of HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRA, GRB7, CD63 and KIT genes. Functional enrichment analysis identified three significant GO terms for RA synovium, including antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I (false discovery rate (FDR) = 4.86 × 10 – 4), antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen (FDR = 2.33 × 10 – 3) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex (FDR = 2.52 × 10 – 2).

Conclusion

This study reported several RA-associated gene modules and their functional association networks. Cite this article: X. Xiao, J. Hao, Y. Wen, W. Wang, X. Guo, F. Zhang. Genome-wide association studies and gene expression profiles of rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:314–319. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.57.2000502.
Drawing in duos: The Journeys and Intersections Collaboration Project between Istanbul and Worcester
Authors: Veryeri Alaca Ilgim , Grobler Piet
Published: July 2016

This article focuses on a collaborative drawing project carried out between two undergraduate drawing courses, one in I·stanbul and the other in Worcester, during the autumn 2015 semester. Duos – teams of two working remotely – took turns to work on the same drawing in correspondence for three months, sharing the changing images online with one another. The project introduced a collaborative method of learning based on drawing, initiated cultural exchange and cooperation. The role of drawing in the project was critical due to the direct but gradual nature of transmitting meaning onto paper. Outcomes of this project consisted of a flexible and playful creation process for students making use of the element of chance. They sought alternative ways to finalize a drawing and experienced the benefits of artistic co-production. The project has the capacity to inspire artists, instructors and others interested in creative partnership in different disciplines and can be of value as an educational model.
Botanics Revisited IV
Authors: Febvre-Richards Emma
Published: July 2016

Botanics Revisited IV takes its starting point from my personal attachment to the New Zealand bush – isolating the foliage qualities of texture, colour, light filtration, patterning and visual layering in software programs such as Photoshop®, Illustrator® and After Effects® to create parallels to thought processes. The first steps are undertaken by printing a simple mathematical triangular pattern on watercolour paper (reflective of how information and experience link to unconscious cultural knowledge and emotional stories, directing the way we interact with and perceive the world) and then I let my mind wander while brushing pigment into the above, each stage in turn being photographically documented, to see the texture growing like an organic mass, thoughts and reactions connecting, creating understanding and the personal within the boundaries of the pattern.

Secondly, a time-based data projection is created by transferring the above watercolour documentation into After Effects®; exploring editing, filtering, scale, speed, rotation and layering images as possible visual vehicles to mimic memory storage and recall in the brain. The multifaceted and constantly changing nature of the artworks reflects how the brain tries to make sense of the visual world, searching for similarities between the here and now and what we have done and seen before; our current mood and mind state overlaying our prior experience, filtering and combining the here and now with what has been.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Parwata Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi , Sukardi Wayan , Wahab Abdul , Soenarto Yati
Published: July 2016

diarrhea and dehydration among children aged <5 years in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. There have been few studies on the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in Mataram.Objective To determine the prevalence and characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Mataram.Methods A cross sectional study using the WHO Generic Protocol for Rotavirus Surveillance was conducted in the Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) General Hospital, Mataram, as part of a multicenter study by the Indonesian Rotavirus Surveillance Network (IRSN) for children under five years of age. Subjects were diagnosed with rotavirus diarrhea based on stool sample examinations, using RT-PCR for genotyping. They were admitted to the Pediatrics Ward of the NTB Provincial General Hospital from January to December 2010.Results Of 329 children admitted with acute diarrhea, 210 (63.8%) had rotavirus positive stool specimens. For the year 2010, the highest incidence of rotavirus infection was in the month of January (86.4%). Rotavirus infections were found in children less than 2 years of age (65.4%), with the highest prevalence in the age group of 6 to 23 months (68.5%). In addition to clinical symptoms of watery diarrhea, there was a significantly greater percentage of vomiting in rotaviral vs. non-rotaviral diarrhea (67.7% vs. 32.3%, respectively; P<0.05). The majority of G and P genotypes found were G1 (86%), G2 (12%), P[8] (66%), P[4] (12.8%), and P[6] (8%).Conclusion Rotavirus infections are the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children aged <2 years in Mataram, Indonesia.
In vitro observation of the stage conversion of transgenic Toxoplasma gondii RH strain expressing dual fluorescent proteins
Authors: Song Qijun , Sun Ximeng , Ji Yongsheng , Yan Xinlei , Zou Jun , Zhao Shiyun , Suo Xun , Zhu Xingquan , Liu Xianyong
Published: July 2016

converts from tachyzoites to bradyzoites after acute infection and thus survives the attack of the host immune responses. In this study, we observed the conversion of tachyzoites to bradyzoites in cell cultures using a transgenic
A new species of Hemipera Nicoll, 1913 (Digenea: Derogenidae) from fishes of the intertidal rocky zone of Chile
Authors: Díaz Pablo E. , Muñoz Gabriela , George-Nascimento Mario
Published: July 2016

A new species,
Prevalence and risk factors associated with endoparasitosis of dogs and cats in Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Campos Diefrey Ribeiro , Oliveira Luanna Castro , de Siqueira Daniele Fassina , Perin Lívia Reisen , Campos Nayara Camatta , Aptekmann Karina Preising , Martins Isabella Vilhena Freire
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the occurrence of endoparasitosis in dogs and cats in Espírito Santo, Brazil. For the study, 345 dogs and 160 cats were examined. Faecal samples from the animals were collected, and owners were interviewed about their handling of their animals. For the diagnosis of the infections, the Willis-Molley, simple centrifugal flotation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques were performed. The data found in the tests were tabulated and analysed with a chi-square test (p <0.05), and calculation of odds ratios (OR) with confidence intervals of 95% were then performed to determine the association between the variables and the outcome of stool examinations. The prevalence of parasites was 59% for dogs and 54% for cats. The genus
Assessment of the establishment success of eelgrass Zostera marina (Alismatales: Zosteraceae) from seeds in a cost-effective seed protection method: implications for large-scale restoration
Authors: Zhao Jian-Sheng , Liu Yan-Shan , Zhang Pei-Dong , Li Wen-Tao , Fang Chao
Published: July 2016

We describe a protective bag method for planting seeds of eelgrass Zostera marina and have evaluated the cost effectiveness of the method for potential use in large-scale restoration projects. A 90-day laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of protective bags on seed viability. Successful establishment of new patches from seeds in the protective bags was assessed through a seed-sowing field experiment over 11 months. The viability of Z. marina seeds was not significantly affected by the use of protective bags. Retention rate of Z. marina seeds in the protective bags ranged from 64 to 98%, with an average of 85% after 5 months following distribution. The seedling establishment rate of Z. marina ranged from 11 to 44%, with an average of 24% after 6 months following distribution. New patches from the planted seeds were fully developed 11 months after planting with a maximum shoot density of 350 shoots m-2. The cost of planting in 1 ha of sea bed with Z. marina seeds was $14,820, and the average cost per Z. marina seed was $0.03. The protective bag method is an efficient and cost-effective restoration technique, and is potentially useful in facilitating large-scale restoration projects.
Images of a finite set under iterations of two random dependent mappings
Authors: Serov Aleksandr A.
Published: July 2016

Let

N

${\cal N}$

be a set of N elements and

F
1

,

G
1

,

F
2

,

G
2

,
…

$\left( {{F_1},{G_1}} \right),\left( {{F_2},{G_2}} \right), \ldots $

be a sequence of independent pairs of random dependent mappings

N

→

N

${\cal N} \to {\cal N}$

such that F

k
and G

k
are random equiprobable mappings and

P

{

F
k

(
x
)
=

G
k

(
x
)
}
=
α

${\bf{P}}\{ {F_k}(x) = {G_k}(x)\} = \alpha $

for all

x
∈

N

$x \in {\cal N}$

and k = 1, 2, … For a subset

S
0

⊂

N

,

|

S
0

|

=
n

${S_0} \subset {\cal N},{\mkern 1mu} |{S_0}| = n$

, we consider a sequences of its images

S
k

=

F
k

(
…

F
2

(

F
1

(

S
0

)
)
…
)

${S_k} = {F_k}( \ldots {F_2}({F_1}({S_0})) \ldots )$

,

T
k

=

G
k

(
…

G
2

(

G
1

(

S
0

)
)
…
)

${T_k} = {G_k}( \ldots {G_2}({G_1}({S_0})) \ldots )$

, k = 1, 2 …, and a sequences of their unions

S
k

∪

T
k

${S_k} \cup {T_k}$

and intersections

S
k

∩

T
k

${S_k} \cap {T_k}$

, k = 1, 2 … We obtain two-sided inequalities for

M

|

S
k

∪

T
k

|

${\bf{M}}|{S_k} \cup {T_k}|$

and

M

|

S
k

∩

T
k

|

${\bf{M}}|{S_k} \cap {T_k}|$

such that upper and lower bounds are asymptotically equivalent if

N
,
n
,
k
→
∞

$N, n, k \to \infty $

,

n
k
=
o
(
N
)

$nk = o(N)$

and

α
=
O

1
N

$\alpha = O\left( {{\textstyle{1 \over N}}} \right)$

.
Cods for sale Do we know what we are buying?
Authors: Lambarri Christian , Espinosa Héctor , Martínez Armando , Hernández Ariana
Published: July 2016

The Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua is fished in Northern Atlantic and Arctic waters. In Mexico cod is imported from Norway and the United States, and is traditionally eaten at Christmas and Easter. In Mexico City several stores sell dry-salted cod, but due to the high price of the imported Atlantic Cod, other fish species are sold. In this project we examined six samples of dried-salted fish from different stores and used DNA barcoding of the COI gene to corroborate the identity of the product sold as Atlantic Cod. Barcoding revealed that only two of the six samples (33%) were Atlantic cod, with two being Ling, one Alaska Pollock, and one Blue Shark. The high rate of mislabeling (67%) is a major concern. It is especially worrying that Blue Shark is being sold as Atlantic cod, since the Blue Shark is listed as a near-threatened species by the IUCN. We must be aware of the damages that overexploitation and uninformed consumption cause to cod and shark populations. There needs to be stricter policing of seafood product labeling in México.
DNA Barcoding, species delineation and taxonomy: a historical perspective
Authors: Hubert Nicolas , Hanner Robert
Published: July 2016

DNA barcoding is a system designed to provide species identification by using standardized gene regions as internal species tag. Foreseen since its earlier development as a solution to speed up the pace of species discovery, DNA barcoding has established as a mature field of biodiversity sciences filing the conceptual gap between traditional taxonomy and different fields of molecular systematics. Initially proposed as a tool for species identification, DNA barcoding has also been applied in taxonomy routines for automated species delineation. Species identification and species delineation, however, should be considered as distinct activities relying on different theoretical and methodological backgrounds. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the use of DNA sequences in taxonomy, since the earliest development of molecular taxonomy until the development of DNA barcoding. We further present the differences between procedures of species identification and species delineation and highlight how DNA barcoding proposed a new paradigm that helps promote more sustainable practices in taxonomy.
Extending DNA barcoding coverage for Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) across the three major basins of Lake Huron
Authors: Overdyk Lauren M. , Braid Heather E. , Crawford Stephen S. , Hanner Robert H.
Published: July 2016

DNA barcoding is a useful tool for both species identification and discovery, but the latter requires denser sampling than typically used in barcode studies. Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) is a valuable species, fished traditionally, commercially, and recreationally in Lake Huron. Based on the natural geographic and bathymetric separation of the three major basins in Lake Huron, the potential separation of Lake Whitefish within these basins, and the variation among life history (early and late spawning), we predicted that Lake Huron might harbour cryptic lineages of Lake Whitefish at the basin level. To test this prediction, DNA barcodes of the mitochondrial 5’ cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences were recovered from spawning phase Lake Whitefish (n = 5 per site), which were collected from sites (n = 28) around Lake Huron during Fall 2012. These sequences, combined with other publically available DNA barcodes from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), revealed twelve unique haplotypes across North America, with seven unique to Lake Huron. The dominant haplotype was found throughout Lake Huron and east to the St. Lawrence River. No deep divergences were revealed. This comprehensive lake-wide sampling effort offers a new perspective on C. clupeaformis, and can provide insight for environmental assessments and fisheries management.
Insurance and Risk Management for Robotic Devices: Identifying the Problems
Authors: Bertolini Andrea
Published: July 2016

Robotic devices represent a promising emerging market, in particular for advanced economies. Relevant investment in research witnesses the desire of states and supranational authorities to acquire a leading role in the industry. However, at least as relevant – for the emergence of such a market – is the development of an adequate legal framework and of innovative risk-management solutions. The producer is in fact responsible for all damages deriving from the use of his product, hence managing that risk is of strategic relevance. Robotic products pose – to that end – some specific issues that are here analysed, both legal and material. With respect to the first, some uncertainty remains about what rules may apply to robots. Notably, the increasing interaction of man and machine that these devices bring about causes different liability schemes to overlap, stressing the limits of those sets of rules, increasing uncertainty both with respect to who should be held liable and upon which conditions. With respect to the second, because of the novelty of some devices, we do not possess sufficient data on what kind of damages this applications may cause, and their frequency. Both aspects call for the elaboration of alternative strategies, including legal reform, to adopt preferable liability rules and allow real-life-scenario testing. Some solutions are here briefly considered.