bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kewirausahaan Berbasis UMKM
Authors: Anwar  , Suhadarliyah  , Mariana  , rahmawati christina heti tri , Amelia Dahlia , Fariantin Erviva , Murjana I Made , Faisol  , Sushardi  , Gunawan Ce , Sihombing Lukertina , Mu’ah  , Norvadewi  , Fauzi Agus Khazin , Nuryati
Published: May 2023

Kegiatan wirausaha berbasis UMKM memberikan kontribusi bagi pertumbuhan perekonomian Indonesia. Selain sebagai jaring pengaman masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, UMKM nyatanya juga membantu pemerintah dalam memperluas kesempatan dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Namun demikian masih banyak masyarakat yang kurang memahami bagaimana cara berwirausaha, mulai dari persiapan usaha, bentuk pengelolaan, hingga beberapa aspek legalitas usaha yang perlu diperhatikan. Menjawab hal di atas, maka buku ini hadir untuk membantu para pembacanya yang ingin memahami konseptual dasar kewirausahaan dalam lingkup UMKM dengan pembahasan yang lugas dan mudah dipahami.Adapun isi pembahasan dalam buku ini terdiri dari 15 bab yang saling terhubung, yaitu: Pengenalan Kewirausahaan dan UMKM; Analisis Pasar dan Pemahaman Pelanggan; Menyusun Perencanaan Bisnis; Manajemen Sumber Daya Modal dan Kerja; Pemasaran dan Promosi untuk UMKM; Dasar Manajemen Produksi dan Operasional; Dasar-dasar Manajemen Keuangan; Pembuatan Produk dan Inovasi; Manajemen Risiko dan Mitigasi; Pemanfaatan Website dan E-Commerce; Pengembangan Kompetensi Kewirausahaan; Pengembangan Bisnis dan Ekspansi Pasar; Networking dan Kerjasama Bisnis; Legalitas dan Perlindungan Hukum untuk UMKM; Pemberdayaan Ekonomi dan Perempuan dalam UMKM.
Exploration of Invasive Alien Plant Species on Habitat of Rhino in Icharni, Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Bist Birendra Bahadur , Adhikari Ram Chandra
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted with main purpose to assess the floral diversity and explore invasive species on rhinoceros habitat in two different research sites with in Chitwan National Park. The rhino is placed in the list of endangered species by International Union for Conservation of Nature and highly threatened due to loss their habitat by rapidly increasing invasive species. The study was done for a period of one month in (September to October) 2020. The 10 m, 5 m, and 1 m radius circular quadrates were utilized to gather data on trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively. A total of 25 plant species were recorded from 15 plots. The importance values of each species of trees were analyzed. Seven species of invasive types were recoded from 15 plots (10 plots from riverine forest and 5 plots from grassland).  Mikania micrantha was most dominant species with IVI 103.02 followed by Pogostemon benghalensis with IVI 78.93 and Chromolaena odorata with IVI 34.57 as the second and third most dominant invasive species respectively. The conclusion is that invasive species have an impact on the grassland and riverine forest, which are needed by the mega herbivore. The management of rhino habitat and the preservation of the rhino population are seriously threatened.
Modernization Efforts Undertaken by the Nepali Army
Authors: Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: May 2023

One of the nation's oldest organizations is the Army of Nepal. The development of Nepal's modern nation has been greatly aided by the armed forces. The ultimate responsibility for protecting, maintaining, and safeguarding the nation's independence has fallen on the Nepali Army. Science and technology are used for the development of the armed forces in China and India. Against this backdrop, Nepal experiences cyber-attacks, environmental degradation, pandemics, and ethnic, racial, or religious conflicts, among other things. The people of Nepal have faith in the Nepal Army since they are involved in various service-related activities. However, Nepal has a poor economy, it lags far behind in the modernization of the national army. Based on the study, the current strength and technical resources available to the Nepali Army to handle different types of challenges have been investigated. In this article, the Nepali Army's struggles to adapt to a new political system and the initiatives it has made to modernize itself are mostly discussed. With the changing nature of modern warfare, tactics, and situations, some changes have been necessary for Nepal's Army on the front of training, habitats, equipment, and technology.
This article also discusses the achievements of Gehendra Shamsher (1871–1906), a firearms designer, inventor, and high-ranking officer of the Nepalese Army, as a role model for Nepal's modernization efforts. After Gehendra Shamsher, the Nepali Army has undertaken several modernization initiatives. The main objective of this paper is to discuss some modernization efforts done by the Nepal Army using science and technology. The material is taken from various sources, such as Tribhuvan University's Central Library in Kirtipur, the Army Central Library, the Military Museum in Kathmandu, and national and international literature."
Assessment of Liver Stiffness by Shear Wave Elastography in Healthy Liver in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Adhikari Kapil , Devkota Karun , Koirala Sapana
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The main aim of this study was to determine the mean value of liver stiffness in healthy adults using S-Shear wave elastography and compare liver stiffness with gender, age and BMI.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, BPKIHS over 6 months after taking ethical approval from the institutional review committee. Ninety-six adults referred for ultrasonography of the abdomen for various indications were included in the study
Results: Mean shear wave velocity of the healthy liver in the study subjects was 1.267±0.151m/s.The corresponding mean value of liver stiffness was 4.91±1.15 kPa. The mean liver stiffness was higher in males compared to females (5.283±1.08 kPa vs. 4.689±1.13 kPa) which were statistically significant (p=0.0013). Mean liver stiffness was highest in the age group of 70-79 years (6.7±0.80 kPa) compared to other age groups. There were significant differences between the mean liver stiffness values among different age groups (p=0.01). Patients in the obese class I category showed higher mean liver stiffness value (5.54±0.42 kPa) than other BMI categories. However, mean liver stiffness values showed no significant difference among different BMI groups (p=0.322).
Conclusions: Liver stiffness values measured using S-Shear wave elastography in healthy adults ranged between 2.4 kPA to 7.4 kPa.There were significant differences in mean liver stiffness values between men and women and among different age groups. However, no significant difference was found among different BMI categories.
पर्वत जिल्लाको खण्डकाव्य परम्परा {Khandakavya tradition of Parvat district}
Authors: तिवारी Tiwari प्रेमप्रसाद Premprasad
Published: May 2023

पर्वत जिल्लाको खण्डकाव्य परम्पराको थालनी कालीभक्त पन्तको किसान गीता नामक कृतिबाट भएको हो । यस जिल्लामा रचिएका कृतिमा सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, धार्मिक आदि विषयको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ । यसजिल्लामा रचिएका काव्यमा समसामयिक समस्याको उद्घाटन, नारी चेतनाको प्रस्तुति, देशप्रेम, आध्यात्मिकचेत, सामाजिक विकृतिको विरोध, कर्तव्यबोध, ऐतिहासिकता, रुढि तथा अन्धविश्वासप्रति वितृष्णा, समाजमाविद्यमान शोषण, दमन, अन्याय, अत्याचारको विरोध समकालीन शासन व्यवस्थाप्रति वितृष्णा, राजनैतिक परिवर्तनको चाहना, जातीय विभेद, आर्थिक विषमताप्रति व्यङ्ग्य विद्रोह गर्नेजस्ता प्रवृत्ति प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ ।यस जिल्लामा रचिएका कृतिमा सामाजिक यथार्थवादी धारा, स्वच्छन्दतावादी धारा, प्रगतिवादी धारा, भक्ति धारा(पौराणिक), वीर धारा, शृङ्गारिक धारा, परिष्कारवादी धारा, समसामयिक धाराजस्ता धाराहरू पाइन्छन् । {
The Khandakavya tradition of Parbat district started from Kali Bhakta Pant's work called Kisan Gita. Social, political, religious etc. are used in the works written in this district. Poetry composed in this district reveals contemporary issues, presentation of feminine consciousness, patriotism, spiritual consciousness, opposition to social distortions, sense of duty, historicity, disgust towards stereotypes and superstitions, exploitation in society, oppression, injustice, disgust towards contemporary regime, and desire for political change. There is a tendency to rebel against discrimination and economic inequality. The works written in this district include social realist stream, romanticist stream, progressive stream, devotional stream (mythological), heroic stream, erotic stream, sophistication stream, contemporary stream.}
विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको विविध साहित्यिक आयाम तथा योगदान { Arious Literary Dimensions and Contributions of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala}
Authors: पन्थी Panthee महेन्द्रकुमार Mahendrakumar
Published: May 2023

प्रस्तुत लेखमा विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको विविध साहित्यिक आयामका बारेमा चर्चा गरिएको छ । विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको साहित्य लेखनको परिवेश, प्रेरणा र प्रभावको अध्ययन गरी उनको विधागत प्रवृत्ति र योगदानका बारेमा प्रकाश पार्नु यस लेखको मूल उद्देश्य रहेकोले कोइरालाको साहित्य लेखनको परिवेश, प्रेरणा र प्रभाव तथा विधागत प्रवृत्ति र योगदान केके हुन्  ? भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित रही अनुसन्धान कार्यलाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । कोइरालाका मूल कृतिलाई प्राथमिक र कोइरालाका विभिन्न अन्तरबार्ता  तथा उनका विषयमा अध्ययन–अनुसन्धानलाई द्वितीय स्रोतका रूपमा लिई पुस्तकालयीय प्रक्रियाद्वारा वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषण विधिका माध्यमबाट विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको विविध साहित्यिक आयाम तथा योगदानबारे प्रकाश पार्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ ।
{In this article, various literary dimensions of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala have been discussed. The main purpose of this article is to study the environment, inspiration and influence of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala's literary writing and shed light on his tendency of literary dimension and contribution. The research work has been carried out focusing on the problem. An attempt has been made to shed light on the various literary dimensions and contributions of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala through descriptive and analytical methods. The researcher has been adopted the original work of Koirala as primary and various interviews of Koirala and research on him as secondary sources.}
Exploring the Negotiation Strategy of Nepal at World Trade Organization
Authors: Adhikari Lila Dhar
Published: May 2023

The Political Economy of neo-liberalization is supposed to benefit countries that adopted liberal trade policies.  As the key driver, the World Trade Organization (WTO) establishes the minimum requirements for numerous agreements on goods, services, intellectual property, trade facilitation, and development elements of international trade. These agreements provide special and differential provisions for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and developing countries to be benefited from trade liberalization. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Nepal's economic diplomacy; particularly its negotiation strategy in various WTO agendas. This study finds that WTO agreements help emerging developing nations in improving their trade performance and attract foreign direct investment where Nepal and many other LDCs are performing weaker roles in trade negotiation resulting in a lower level of trade and investment. Therefore, this study offers some recommendations for fostering economic trade negotiation aspects of economic diplomacy.
Pemanfaatan Eco-Electric Sprayer Bagi UMKM Jamur di Desa Ngenep Kec Karangploso Kab Malang
Authors: Anggraeni Frida Dwi , Rahalus Fredy , Rovita Rinda Irma , Idani Shinta , Radiantama Arditya
Published: May 2023

Indonesia memiliki basis ekonomi yang kuat karena jumlah UMKM terutama usaha mikro yang sangat banyak dan daya serat terhadap tenaga kerja sangat besar. Ditambah lagi di era 4.0 saat ini disegala bidang usaha mengunakan alat teknologi sebagai alat bantu dalam meningkatkan kerja. Namun ada permasalahan yang dialami oleh UMKM khususnya petani jamur yaitu lemahnya pemahaman terhadap teknologi dan juga akses terhadap literasi digital. Sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan usaha dan menyebabkan UMKM stagnan dan kalah saing di Era serba teknologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pemanfaatan alat teknologi Eco-Electrik Sprayer dan memperoleh informasi terkait Eco-Electrik Sprayer serta dapat memanfaatkan alat teknologi sebagai sarana dalam menunjang usaha mikro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus pada UMKM Jamur di Desa Ngenep. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa Alat penyiraman Eco-Electrik Sprayer tersebut sangat berguna dan bermanfaat untuk UMKM Jamur Tiram. Hal ini terbukti dengan mempermudah pertumbuhan jamur karena alat yang digunakan sudah otomatis dan siklus yang dilakukan sama setiap waktunya. Alat Eco-Electrik Sprayer atau alat penyiraman otomatis ini membantu mengurangi pemakaian tenaga/efisiensi tenaga kerja bagi UMKM jamur.
The Effect of Learning Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on the Ability to Understand the Material Concepts of Lines and Angles
Authors: Nursafitri Anggini Dinda , Anriani Nurul
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by the low ability to understand mathematical concepts of junior high school students. One effort to improve students' ability to understand mathematical concepts is to use a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) learning approach that encourages students to be able to open their mindsets in finding new knowledge, developing creativity, and making students active explorers by doing the mathematical activities directly with the facilities prepared by the teacher during the learning process. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 21 Serang in 2021/2022 which aims to determine the effect of learning Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of junior high school students on line and angle material. The research method used in this study is a quasi-experimental design with the nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group type of design. This study involved two classes consisting of experimental and control classes. The sample of this study was class VII D, which consisted of 30 students as the experimental class and VII A, which consisted of 30 students as the control class. The experimental class applies the STEM learning approach and the control class applies conventional learning. The instrument used is in the form of a test description of the ability to understand mathematical concepts. The data from this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the final achievement and improvement of students' ability to understand mathematical concepts using the STEM learning approach in learning mathematics is better than students using conventional learning. Thus, the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) learning approach can be applied to improve the ability to understand mathematical concepts of junior high school students.
Ethnomathematics Form A Wide Range Of Perspective
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Simorangkir Frida Marta Argareta , Dewi Izwita
Published: May 2023

Mathematics belongs to its own thinkers, and every thinker has their own culture. So mathematics has an attachment to culture. Ethnomathematics emerged as a link between mathematics and culture. Ethnomathematics continues to evolve and embrace a wider range of studies with a cultural and social center. So the shift in focus towards the ethnomathematical paradigm is inevitable. This study identifies several philosophers' thoughts about the perspective of research results in the field of ethnomathematics. The debating paradigm in culturally based mathematical research. This study aims to describe ethnomathematics from various perspectives; the research method used is literature study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: There are two paradigms related to the study of ethnomathematics, namely ethnomathematics as a cultural practice and ethnomathematics as a theory to analyze something different. There are various perspectives in ethnomathematical research, (1) there are several perspectives on ethnomathematics as a cultural practice, including ethnomathematics as a mathematicizing activity, the NUC system, mathematical analysis activities, mathematics projects, ethics, and ethnomathematics or mathematics. (2) as a theory, ethnomathematics can be looked at from different points of view, such as the QRS system, analogy mathematical activity, location interpretation, emic, and ethnomathematics and mathematics
البرنامج البحثي الواقعي الجديد ما بين التقدمية والانتكاسة: قراءة في مفهومي الفوضى والتوازن
Authors: حبش لورد , سلامة روكسانا
Published: May 2023

تعرضت النظرية الواقعية الجديدة لانتقاداتٍ شديدة بعد انهيار الاتحاد السوفياتي، وذلك أمر طبيعي لأن النظرية تواجه في مراحل تطوّرها تحديات مفاهيمية وإمبريقية، فتطرح تساؤلات تتعلق بمدى قدرتها على مواجهة هذه التحديات. وهذا ما حصل مع النظرية الواقعية، فقد واجه مفهوما "الفوضى" و"التوازن" انتقادات، وخاصة أنهما مرتبطان ببعضهما بحسب الواقعية، فالفوضى تستدعي وجود التوازن لتحقيق الاستقرار في النظام الدولي. أما من ناحية الإمبريقية، فالنقد انصب على عدم قدرة الواقعية الجديدة على تفسير الواقع الجديد في النظام الدولي، وخاصة بعد هيمنة الولايات المتحدة الأميركية. تتناول هذه الدراسة هذه النقاشات، في محاولة للحكم على تقدمية النظرية وانتكاستها، وتطرح سؤالًا رئيسًا يتعلق بمدى تقدمية البرنامج البحثي الواقعي الجديد أو انتكاسيته من خلال فحص التعديات والتغيرات التي أُدخِلت على مفهومَي الفوضى والتوازن، استنادًا إلى منهجية برنامج البحث العلمي لإمري لاكاتوش باعتبارها أداةً تقييمية.
Entre lo que los usuarios dicen y lo que hacen: métodos de investigación UX más útiles para evaluar la calidad web
Authors: Morales-Vargas Alejandro
Published: May 2023

Analysing user experience (UX) is a key factor in evaluating website quality. There are 20 methods for this purpose that, through qualitative or quantitative perspectives, examine people’s attitudes, behaviours or context of use. However, for different economic or practical reasons, this type of study is usually less utilized than heuristic evaluations. Therefore, this article details and recommends the most effective techniques in a prioritized manner. Web analytics –the tool that collects the largest amount of data– is in first place, followed by usability tests, observation and questionnaires. All of these have the aim of facilitating the listening to of users’ voices and finding out what it is they really do when on a website.

Resumen
Analizar la experiencia de usuario (UX) es un factor clave en la evaluación de calidad en sitios web. Existe una veintena de métodos para ese propósito que, mediante la perspectiva cualitativa o cuantitativa, examinan la actitud, el comportamiento o el contexto de uso de las personas. Sin embargo, por diferentes motivos económicos o prácticos, este tipo de estudios suelen ser menos utilizados que las evaluaciones heurísticas. Por ello, en este artículo se detallan y recomiendan, de manera priorizada, las técnicas más eficaces. En primer lugar, la analítica web –herramienta que mayor cantidad de datos recoge–, seguida por las pruebas de usabilidad, la observación y el cuestionario. Todo con el objetivo de contribuir a escuchar la voz de los visitantes y conocer qué hacen realmente en un sitio.
Ekologicheskoe obrazovanie v avtoshkolakh kak faktor formirovaniia mirovozzreniia ustoichivogo razvitiia
Authors: Sinko Galina Iosifovna , Tsyplakova Elena Germanovna , Iankevich Iuliia Germanovna
Published: May 2023

The problem of an integrated approach to the ecologization of domestic education is important and relevant in the context of the formation of a sustainable development worldview in society. The inclusion of the basics of environmental education in the training program for drivers of various categories in driving schools is an important aspect of environmental education for adults. To date, issues related to the negative impact on the environment of vehicles and ways to minimize it are not included in the training programs at driving schools. In the chapter, using the method of ecological and economic assessment, it is proposed to assess what damage to the environment can be prevented if environmental issues are included in the educational programs of driving schools. Fostering a responsible attitude to the environment in the new generation of drivers is an important component of the development of ecological culture.
Migratsionnye stereotipy v mezhkul'turnykh konfliktakh
Authors: Sagitova Viktoriia Ravilevna
Published: May 2023

The chapter analyzes the theories and operationalization of such concepts as social and migration stereotypes, examines the concept of intercultural interaction, leading to the formation of migration stereotypes, which generate intercultural conflicts. The role of mass media in the formation of intercultural and migration stereotypes was also considered.
Aprendizagem da aritmética na Educação de Jovens e Adultos em uma escola pública tocantinense
Authors: Araújo Gustavo Cunha de , Cortes Filho Pedro Pereira
Published: May 2023

A aritmética se apresenta como uma das bases para a estruturação do conhecimento humano. A pesquisa tem como principal objetivo conhecer, a partir da visão de professores e estudantes, como ocorre o processo de ensino aprendizagem de aritmética na Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA (Segundo Segmento) de uma escola pública tocantinense. Optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa e documental, além de aplicação de questionários a professores de Matemática e estudantes da EJA. Tais procedimentos caracterizam a pesquisa como de levantamento por amostragem. Dentre alguns resultados da pesquisa, segundo os docentes, não existe um material didático de Matemática e particularmente de aritmética para a EJA, sendo eles mesmos os responsáveis pela seleção dos conteúdos a serem trabalhados. Por outro lado, a maioria dos alunos relatou que tem dificuldades com a aritmética, embora seja o ramo da Matemática mais útil no seu dia a dia, conforme os seus depoimentos.
A organização do ensino-aprendizagem e o fazer docente na Educação Infantil
Authors: Braga Nídia de Paula da Silva , Rodrigues Adriana
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo aborda a organização do ensino-aprendizagem no contexto da Educação Infantil, a partir de perspectivas docentes. Teve como objetivo compreender como a organização do ensino-aprendizagem tem sido efetivada no contexto do cotidiano escolar, com articulações com o fazer e do que é ser docente nesse segmento educacional. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada no referencial da Teoria Histórico-Cultural (THC), na qual foram utilizadas as pesquisas: bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Como instrumentos de coleta dos dados, utilizou-se uma ficha de registro das informações dos documentos e da bibliografia selecionada e, para a pesquisa de campo, a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados 18 professores que atuam em escolas municipais de Educação Infantil, localizadas na zona rural do município de São José do Mipibu-RN. A análise dos dados foi realizada em consonância com a proposta teórico-metodológica dos núcleos de significação. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de intencionalidades didáticas nas práticas educativas realizadas na Educação Infantil, marcadas pelo fazer prático, e, em certa medida, desprovidas de cientificidade. A Teoria Histórico-Cultural possui um corpo de conhecimentos que pode auxiliar na formação docente e na organização do processo ensino-aprendizagem de crianças, contribuindo para práticas pedagógicas que considerem suas especificidades e potencializem o desenvolvimento infantil.  A atuação do professor na educação infantil requer a significação da profissão, com indicativos de demandas socioemocionais, vínculos com as crianças, estabelecimentos de parcerias com as famílias e reconhecimento social, político, cultural e econômico.
Issues and Challenges in Diagnoses of Borderline Ovarian Neoplasms by Frozen Section
Authors: Sarma Usha , Das Navanita , Phukan Neeharika
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Frozen section is a rapid intraoperative method of tissue sectioning with the help of cryostat to arrive at a diagnosis and guide the operative procedure. It is an important diagnostic tool in the intraoperative management of ovarian neoplasms. Aims and Objectives: 1) To evaluate clinically suspected ovarian neoplastic lesions by frozen section. 2) To analyze the factors associated with difficulty in diagnoses of borderline ovarian neoplasms. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology for a period of 2 years. 60 cases of ovarian neoplasms undergoing Frozen section and subsequent histopathological examination are included in the study. Results: The mean age of patient is 39.49 years (21-72). Of the 60 cases, 73.33% are benign, 8.33% borderline and 18.3% are malignant on histopathological diagnosis. The concordance rate of frozen section with histopathological diagnosis is 91.67%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Frozen section in the diagnosis of Benign, Borderline and Malignant ovarian neoplasms are 95.45%, 92.73%, 97.67%, 88.24% and 88.64%; 100%, 92.16%, 55.56%, 100% and 55.56%; 72.73%, 100%, 100%, 94.23% and 72.73% respectively. Conclusion: Frozen section of ovarian neoplasms helps to arrive at a diagnosis of whether they are benign or malignant with a high level of accuracy. Diagnosis of a benign lesion in a young patient guides the surgeon to a fertility conserving surgery. Likewise, diagnosis of a malignant lesion on table guides the surgeon to execute an extensive surgery in a single setting, saving the patient of the physical, emotional, psychological and financial strain of a second look operation.
Philadelphia Negative MPNs, MDS/MPNs and MDS in the Context of Recent WHO Changes and Inclusion of Molecular Signatures into Prognostic Tools: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Singh Neha , Kumar Sujeet , Gupta Avinash
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The fifth edition of WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms has introduced major changes in the defining criteria and grouping of MDS, MDS/MPNs and MPNs. Recently published literature has also cited the importance of new risk-scoring systems by integrating genomic profiling with hematologic and cytogenetic characteristics, in order to improve the prognostic discrimination of patients and represents a valuable tool for clinical decision-making. Aim: To find out the prevalence and molecular spectrum of Philadelphia-negative MPNs, MDS/MPNs and MDS in our subset of patients and henceforth to evaluate the impact on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment decision-making of patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study included all newly diagnosed patients of non-Philadelphia positive MPNs, MDS, and MPN/MDS, in whom complete baseline diagnostic work-up was available including complete blood counts, bone marrow morphology and biopsy, cytogenetic and molecular studies. Results: The most frequent entities in our cohort of patients were primary myelofibrosis (32.8%), MDS (32.8%) and CMML (16.4%). In PIMF, 50% patients were JAK2- mutated while 30% were triple negative (JAK-, CALR-, MPL-). The commoner epigenetic modifiers among MPNs were ASXL1, TET2 and IDH2. The predominant CMML molecular signatures in our patients were NRAS, U2AF2, SETBP1, ASXL and SH2B3. There was no significant effect of WHO changes and recently introduced molecular scoring models on the diagnosis and risk stratification of all these MPN and MDS/MPN patients However, in MDS and PIMF patients, recent WHO subtyping plus IPSS-M & GIPSS scoring respectively enabled refining of risk groups. Conclusion: Molecular profiling helps in better risk stratification of patients across all groups as well as in making therapeutic decisions. However, in resource constrained settings, it is not always possible to stratify patients on the basis of molecular signatures and hence, scoring models such as DIPSS and IPSS-R holds their ground strongly even today for offering appropriate therapy to patients without compromising on quality care.
Epigenetics and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pathak Ayush , Tomar Sarthak , Pathak Sujata
Published: May 2023

Cancer is a disease with extraordinary clinical significance, with much of medical research being devoted to it. Innumerable factors are relevant in fully understanding cancer but the epigenetic aspect stands out. Epigenetics is the study of changes, often germ-line, to the genome affecting the gene expression by silencing certain genes and modifying the gene expression. The three primary mechanisms for epigenetic changes are DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) associated gene silencing. While epigenetics is a pivotal mechanism for the regular maintenance of a myriad of processes- including in cell differentiation and adaptability- aberrant epigenetic changes can lead to depreciated/altered gene function which may ultimately culminate in cancer. Consequently, the connection between epigenetics and cancer has been intensely studied over the past two decades and has generated substantial clinical data attesting to the efficacy of epigenetics as a viable approach to understand cancer progression or therapy. In this review, we look at the fundamental epigenetic principles, the changes in the epigenome which can often be a precursor to cancer, analyse the increasingly important role of epigenetics in decoding carcinogenesis, explore the latest advancements in use of epigenetics in cancer therapy and how the reversible nature of these epigenetic changes have changed the way we approach cancer therapy.
External Auditory Canal Mass: A Case Series of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: B. Cruz-Ordinario Mel Valerie , Cuaresma Edgar Christian S. , Guevarra Margarita D. , Lim Elsie L. , Imasa Marcelo Severino B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone is extremely rare comprising 0.2% of all tumors of head and neck. Symptoms are nonspecific and may be mistaken for other more benign conditions as otitis, cholesteatoma and polyp. Hence, this condition may present as a diagnostic challenge. Case Discussion: We describe a case series of three patients who presented with external auditory canal (EAC) mass. The most common signs and symptoms are pruritus, decreased hearing and yellowish discharge. They were initially treated with otic antibiotics which afforded no relief. The first case is a 51 year-old female who underwent wide excision of the right ear canal and middle ear mass and right temporal craniotomy. Histopathology showed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with temporal tumor and subdural extension consistent with metastasis. The second case is a 53 year-old male who refused surgical management. He was non-compliant with work-up and follow-up and later on presented with left facial asymmetry and headache. CT scan showed a left inner and middle ear canal mass with extension to the auditory canal and protrusion into the left cerebellar hemisphere. Punch biopsy of the left EAC mass was done and pathologic report showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Lastly, a 54 year old male who underwent Radical mastoidectomy with histopathology reports of a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Standard treatment modality is still unclear because of the rarity of this condition. However, surgical resection with negative margins followed by concurrent chemotherapy and radiation is the most commonly performed approach1. For the above-mentioned patients, concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy was given which showed significant treatment response.
Friends or Foes: An Editorial Discourse on Pak-US Relations
Authors: Zulfiqar Amna , Khalid Faiza , Mahmood Qasim
Published: May 2023

Historically, the relations between Pakistan and United States have hardly converged. Pakistan closely cooperated with US on the issues related to stabilization of peace, counter terrorism and on the issues concerning the presence of Osama bin Laden and Haqqani Network in Pakistan. Haqqani Network has been a source of diplomatic tension between United States and Pakistan relations. Therefore, the current study intends to examine that how the editorials of two English newspapers of Pakistani i.e., Dawn and The News covered Pak-US relations during the coverage of Haqqani Network by using the method of critical discourse analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the portrayal of Pak-US relations in both the newspapers is sympathetic towards Pakistan and at times contradictory. Moreover, both the newspapers have covered maximum themes and discourses which emphasized on negotiations between the three parties, trust deficit, and US confused strategy.
US Withdrawal from Syria: Implications and Challenges
Authors: Ahmed Ashfaq , Tahir Maryam , Khattak Noor Saeed
Published: May 2023

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the prospects and challenges faced by the region, stakeholders, and the Syrian nation after the US withdrawal from the Syrian conflict. Conflict arises due to the varied principles and values of the parties involved, leading to hostility and disagreement. The paper discusses the implications of the US withdrawal, including the impact on the Syrian Kurdish community and the potential re-emergence of ISIS as a global threat to world peace. Furthermore, the withdrawal is likely to give Russia, Iran, and the Syrian regime a significant advantage in the Syrian conflict, which will have far- reaching consequences for the region and stakeholders involved.
Social Media as a News Source: An Analysis of Facebook
Authors: Saima Andleeb , Iqbal Nasir , Ishaq Rashid
Published: May 2023

Given study “Facebook as a News Source: An Analysis” examines the role of Facebook as a source of information and news for new generation as most of the consumers are relying on social media for getting news. Keeping in view the above topic, the researcher explored in depth use of social media, especially Facebook as a source of news and how it shapes the opinion by providing easy access to the masses. The purpose of the study was to examine Facebook as a news source, and to investigate what users do to evaluate the trustworthiness of the information provided by Facebook. The research method used in the study is survey method, and the questionnaire comprised of close ended questions. The universe of the present research is users of facebook. Sample size was 100 and the respondents’ data was further examined with the help of SPSS and the results were generated in tables and pie charts.
An Analysis of Audience Perceptions of the Music Programs by FM Radio Dilber: A Case Study of Swabi and Charsadda
Authors: Nazeer Anam , Nasir Tahira , Fizzah Syeda Zill E Hudah
Published: May 2023

FM technology has the quality to be operated easily by the operators and easily accessible to the audience. The radio is an important tool of media which had played a vital role in every society since its invention. This media tool helped in an ideological objective and cultural exchanges for different nations in different eras. The last twelve to fifteen years have witnessed rapid growth in the broadcasting industry of Pakistan. In Pakistan, FM operations are mainly funded by advertising. This study analyzes the perception of the public about Radio Dilbar content for Internally Displaced Persons during the crises of Swat, Bajur and Bunir by the FATA Capacity Building Project (CBP). The main theme of the programs was messaged emphasizing on peace, love & brotherhood. Music was on-aired for IDPs, a population of 2.6 million approximately in the affected areas of swat, Bunir, and Bajaur, which all were according to the needs of those days.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN TEH CHAMOMILE TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS TIDUR LANSIA
Authors: Suciwati Anni , Carolin Bunga Tiara , Bunga Novi Azzia
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang: Kualitas tidur dapat menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya usia manusia. Karena itu sangat rentan bagi lansia untuk mengalami penurunan kualitas tidur. Hal ini disebabkan karena pada fase usia 60 tahun keatas terjadi perubahan bio, psiko, sosial dan spiritual. Pada aspek biologis terjadi kemunduran baik fungsi maupun struktur dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan lansia rentan mengalami berbagai macam penyakit, yang disertai dengan gaya hidup kurang sehat. dapat menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya penyakit degeneratif. Penanganan non farmakologis termasuk penanganan yang aman, efektif, dan tanpa efek samping seperti terapi komplementer. Pemberian teh chamomile berpengaruh dalam peningkatan kualitas tidur, karena mengandung apigenin yang akan berikatan dengan reseptor benzodiazepine di otak sehingga dapat menangani gangguan kecemasa, depresi, dan gangguan kualitas tidur. Tujuan: mengetahui efektifitas the chamomile terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur lansia. Metodologi: penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain one group pre test and post test design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 20 lansia. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari kuesioner PSQI. Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif analitik dan inferential statistik yaitu menggunakan paired t-test  untuk mengetahui perbedaan skor dalam satu kelompok. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata skor kualitas tidur pretest yaitu 7,85 dan posttest 6,80. Hasil uji bivariat didapatkan p value 0.000. Kesimpulan dan saran; menjadi salah satu referensi untuk salah satu pilihan terapi nonfarmakologi untuk mengatasi gangguan tidur
PENGARUH MENGKONSUMSI RUMPUT LAUT (CAULERPA SP.) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL DENGAN ANEMIA
Authors: Carolin Bunga Tiara , Suciawati Anni , Rahawawarin Zaenab
Published: May 2023

Latar belakang: anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global. Prevalensi anemia pada kehamilan bervariasi, bergantung pada kondisi sosio-ekonomi, gaya hidup, pola makan, serta sikap dan perilaku yang berbeda mengenai kesehatan. Sekitar 50% kasus anemia disebabkan oleh defisiensi besi. Salah Satu makanan yang dapat meningkatkan kadar Hb ibu hamil dengan anemia adalah rumput laut. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi rumput laut (Caulerpa sp.) terhadap kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil dengan  anemia. Metodologi: jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan one group pre and post test design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi. Data dianalisisis menggunakan paired t-test. Hasil penelitian: terdapat perbedaan nilai rata – rata  kadar hb sebelum diberi intervensi 9,4 gr/dl dan setelah diberi intervensi 11,4 gr/dl. Berdasarkan hasil uji bivariat p value 0,001. Kesimpulan dan saran: terdapat pengaruh pemberian rumput laut terhadap kadar Hb ibu hamil. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan edukasi kepada ibu hamil bahwa rumput laut sebagai hasil kearifan lokal yang ada di Kota Tual dapat digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternative untuk  meningkatkan kadar Hb.
GAMBARAN KINERJA PERAWAT DAN KEPUASAN PELAYANAN TERHADAP PASIEN
Authors: Fadila Nurul , Andriani Liza , Wibowo Hendry
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang: Kinerja diartikan sebagai hasil dari usaha seseorang yang dicapai dengan adanya kemampuan dan perbuatan dalam situasi tertentu. Jadi prestasi kerja merupakan hasil keterkaitan antara usaha, kemampuan dan persepsi tugas. Pelayanan adalah semua upaya yang dilakukan perawat sebagai profesi atau profesional untuk memenuhi keinginan pasien dengan jasa yang diberikan. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui Gambaran Kinerja dan Kepuasan Pelayanan Pasien di Rumah Sakit. Metodologi: Penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian ini adalah masih dominan tentang puasnya pasien terhadap kinerja di Ruang Rawat Inap Interne. Namun kurang dari setengah responden tidak puas disebabkan oleh faktor seperti masih adanya kelalaian perawat dalam memberikan tindakan pada pasien. Diskusi: Distribusi frekuensi kinerja perawat menyatakan baik 51,4% dan kurang baik 48,6%. Distribusi frekuensi Kepuasan Pelayanan Pasien menyatakan puas 54,3% dan kurang puas 45,7%. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan masukan dalam memberikan kepuasan pelayanan pasien.
PENGARUH EDUKASI KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU-IBU YANG MEMILIKI BALITA TENTANG ISI PIRINGKU (IPK)
Authors: Febria Chyka , Nugrahmi Mega Ade
Published: May 2023

Pendahuluan: Kejadian stunting di Indonesia di tahun 2013 mencapai 37,2%. Kalau dibandingkan dengan tahun 2010, kejadian stunting 35,6%, artinya terjadi peningkatan dari tahun sebelumnya, tetapi kalau dilihat dari data RISKESDAS tahun 2018, prevalensi stunting terlihat penurunan sebanyak 30,8%. Hal ini melihatkan di tahun 2018 angka kejadian stunting di Indonesia menurun. Mesksipun adanya penurunan, tetapi persentase ini masih dikategorikan tinggi jika dilihat persentase WHO yang semestinya < 20%.Kejadian stunting di provinsi sumatera barat merupakan urutan ke-17 dari 34 provinsi yang berada di Indonesia ialah sebanyak 36,2%, angka tersebut diatas kejadian nasional ialah 35,3% (KEMENKES RI, 2021).Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis Pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu-ibu yang memiliki balita tentang isi piringku (IPK ). Metodologi: Jenis Penelitian menggunakan metoda Quasi Eksperimen dengan design cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda pretest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu-ibu yang memiliki balita usia 12-36 bulan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 52 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer, instrument penelitian menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test diperoleh nilai p=0,007 (<0,05), berarti ada pengaruh edukasi terhadap pengetahuan ibu-ibu balita tentang isi piringku (IPK). Kesimpulan: dari penelitian ini ada pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu-ibu balita tentang isi piringku sesuai usia (IPK).
Account of Limnological Diversity of Lentic Freshwater Ecosystem: Nakki Lake, Mount Abu (Rajasthan, India)
Authors: Gothwal R. ,   Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Madhav University, Rajasthan, India
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Nakki Lake serves as the lifeline being city s primary source of water and a popular destination for visitors to Mount Abu. It covers the annual requirements of fresh water and other uses of the local population as well as of the millions of visitors who attend the sanctuary every year, and of the endemic species that dwell there. In the present era, however, due to ongoing pollution and eutrophication it is a significant question, whether it is possible or not to preserve the primary source of water. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the annual statistics of the quality of the lake s limnological parameters (2017-2019). This gives us the ability to understand the potability of the water as well as to determine the level of pollution and eutrophication in order to keep the optimal water quality standards for a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moyaert Paulien , Beun Soetkin , Achten Eric , Clement Patricia
Published: May 2023

Background:

Perfusion imaging has the potential to identify neurodegenerative disorders in a preclinical stage. However, to correctly interpret perfusion-derived parameters, the impact of perfusion modifiers should be evaluated.

Objective:

In this systematic review, the impact of acute and chronic intake of four acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) on cerebral perfusion in adults was investigated: physostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine.

Results:

Chronic AChEI treatment results in an increase of cerebral perfusion in treatment-responsive patients with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson’s disease dementia in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the cingulate gyrus. These effects appear to be temporary, dose-related, and consistent across populations and different AChEI types. On the contrary, further perfusion decline was reported in patients not receiving AChEIs or not responding to the treatment.

Conclusion:

AChEIs appear to be a potential perfusion modifier in neurodegenerative patients. More research focused on quantitative perfusion in both patients with and without a cholinergic deficit is needed to draw conclusions on whether AChEI intake should be considered when analyzing perfusion data.
Prevalence and Progression of Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Rural Chinese Older Adults: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Xu Shan , Ren Yifei , Liu Rui , Li Yuanjing , Hou Tingting , Wang Yongxiang , Wang Xiang , Wang Lidan , Monastero Roberto , Du Yifeng , Cong Lin , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: May 2023

Background:

Few community-based studies have examined occurrence and progression of subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Objective:

To investigate prevalence and progression of SCD among rural-dwelling Chinese elderly people.

Methods:

This cohort study included 2,488 cognitively unimpaired adults (age≥65 years) who were examined at baseline (2014-2015) and followed in 2018. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and neuropsychological data were collected via in-person interviews and clinical examinations following a structured questionnaire. At baseline, SCD was assessed using the self-rated Ascertain Dementia 8-item Questionnaire. At follow-up, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) were clinically diagnosed following the international criteria. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.

Results:

The prevalence of SCD was 40.07%. SCD at baseline was associated with the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.51 (95% confidence interval 1.10–2.07) for incident cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and 3.11 (1.64–5.93) for incident AD. Among people with SCD at baseline, the multivariable-adjusted OR of incident CIND was 0.55(0.32–0.96) for hyperlipidemia; the multivariable-adjusted OR of incident AD was 1.21 (1.14–1.30) for older age, 0.32 (0.12–0.88) for high education, 2.60 (1.11–6.08) for carrying APOE ɛ4 allele, and 0.34 (0.13–0.86) for high social support, whereas the multivariable-adjusted OR of incident VaD was 6.30 (1.71–23.18) for obesity.

Conclusion:

SCD affects over 40% of rural-dwelling cognitively unimpaired older adults in China. SCD is associated with accelerated progression to CIND and AD. Older age, lack of school education, APOE ɛ4 allele, and low social support are associated with an increased risk of progression from SCD to AD, whereas obesity is related to accelerated progression to VaD.