bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF NON-LINEAR AND WAVELET BASED FEATURES FOR THE AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION OF EPILEPTIC EEG SIGNALS
Authors: ACHARYA U. RAJENDRA , SREE S. VINITHA , ANG PENG CHUAN ALVIN , YANTI RATNA , SURI JASJIT S.
Published: March 2012

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder, is characterized by the recurrence of seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which are used to detect the presence of seizures, are non-linear and dynamic in nature. Visual inspection of the EEG signals for detection of normal, interictal, and ictal activities is a strenuous and time-consuming task due to the huge volumes of EEG segments that have to be studied. Therefore, non-linear methods are being widely used to study EEG signals for the automatic monitoring of epileptic activities. The aim of our work is to develop a Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) technique with minimal pre-processing steps that can classify all the three classes of EEG segments, namely normal, interictal, and ictal, using a small number of highly discriminating non-linear features in simple classifiers. To evaluate the technique, segments of normal, interictal, and ictal EEG segments (100 segments in each class) were used. Non-linear features based on the Higher Order Spectra (HOS), two entropies, namely the Approximation Entropy (ApEn) and the Sample Entropy (SampEn), and Fractal Dimension and Hurst Exponent were extracted from the segments. Significant features were selected using the ANOVA test. After evaluating the performance of six classifiers (Decision Tree, Fuzzy Sugeno Classifier, Gaussian Mixture Model, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Radial Basis Probabilistic Neural Network) using a combination of the selected features, we found that using a set of all the selected six features in the Fuzzy classifier resulted in 99.7% classification accuracy. We have demonstrated that our technique is capable of achieving high accuracy using a small number of features that accurately capture the subtle differences in the three different types of EEG (normal, interictal, and ictal) segments. The technique can be easily written as a software application and used by medical professionals without any extensive training and cost. Such software can evolve into an automatic seizure monitoring application in the near future and can aid the doctors in providing better and timely care for the patients suffering from epilepsy.
DYNAMICAL RECURRENT NEURO-FUZZY IDENTIFICATION SCHEMES EMPLOYING SWITCHING PARAMETER HOPPING
Authors: THEODORIDIS DIMITRIOS , BOUTALIS YIANNIS , CHRISTODOULOU MANOLIS
Published: March 2012

In this paper we analyze the identification problem which consists of choosing an appropriate identification model and adjusting its parameters according to some adaptive law, such that the response of the model to an input signal (or a class of input signals), approximates the response of the real system for the same input. For identification models we use fuzzy-recurrent high order neural networks. High order networks are expansions of the first-order Hopfield and Cohen-Grossberg models that allow higher order interactions between neurons. The underlying fuzzy model is of Mamdani type assuming a standard defuzzification procedure such as the weighted average. Learning laws are proposed which ensure that the identification error converges to zero exponentially fast or to a residual set when a modeling error is applied. There are two core ideas in the proposed method: (1) Several high order neural networks are specialized to work around fuzzy centers, separating in this way the system into neuro-fuzzy subsystems, and (2) the use of a novel method called switching parameter hopping against the commonly used projection in order to restrict the weights and avoid drifting to infinity.
A NEURAL-VISUALIZATION IDS FOR HONEYNET DATA
Authors: HERRERO ÁLVARO , ZURUTUZA URKO , CORCHADO EMILIO
Published: March 2012

Neural intelligent systems can provide a visualization of the network traffic for security staff, in order to reduce the widely known high false-positive rate associated with misuse-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Unlike previous work, this study proposes an unsupervised neural models that generate an intuitive visualization of the captured traffic, rather than network statistics. These snapshots of network events are immensely useful for security personnel that monitor network behavior. The system is based on the use of different neural projection and unsupervised methods for the visual inspection of honeypot data, and may be seen as a complementary network security tool that sheds light on internal data structures through visual inspection of the traffic itself. Furthermore, it is intended to facilitate verification and assessment of Snort performance (a well-known and widely-used misuse-based IDS), through the visualization of attack patterns. Empirical verification and comparison of the proposed projection methods are performed in a real domain, where two different case studies are defined and analyzed.
GROUP 12 ELEMENTS AND THEIR SMALL CLUSTERS: ELECTRIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITY OFZn,CdANDHg,Zn2DIMER AND HIGHERZnnMICROCLUSTERS AND NEUTRAL, CATIONIC AND ANIONIC ZINC OXIDE MOLECULES (ZnO,ZnO+ANDZnO-)
Authors: OYMAK HÜSEYİN , ERKOÇ ŞAKİR
Published: March 2012

This review is in general about group 12 elements and their small microclusters. In this part, after presenting an extensive literature survey of the electric dipole polarizability studies of the Zn , Cd and Hg atoms, we specifically target zinc-containing small clusters, beginning with the Zn2dimer, the Zn3trimer, higher Znnclusters and the neutral, cationic and anionic zinc oxide clusters: ZnO , ZnO+and ZnO-. We tabulated experimental and theoretical results for the spectroscopic constants (dissociation energy Deor D0, bond length re, fundamental frequency we, anharmonicity constant wexeand dipole moment μe) of the diatomic clusters and the first and second ionization potentials IP1and IP2and electron affinity EA of the species reviewed.
BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW PATTERNS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL RAYLEIGH–BÉNARD CONVECTION
Authors: PAUL SUPRIYO , VERMA MAHENDRA K. , WAHI PANKAJ , REDDY SANDEEP K. , KUMAR KRISHNA
Published: March 2012

We investigate the origin of various convective patterns for Prandtl number P = 6.8 (for water at room temperature) using bifurcation diagrams that are constructed using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Several complex flow patterns resulting from normal bifurcations as well as various instances of "crises" have been observed in the DNS. "Crises" play vital roles in determining various convective flow patterns. After a transition of conduction state to convective roll states, we observe time-periodic and quasiperiodic rolls through Hopf and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations at r ≃ 80 and r ≃ 500 respectively (where r is the normalized Rayleigh number). The system becomes chaotic at r ≃ 750, and the size of the chaotic attractor increases at r ≃ 840 through an "attractor-merging crisis" which results in traveling chaotic rolls. For 846 ≤ r ≤ 849, stable fixed points and a chaotic attractor coexist as a result of an inverse subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Subsequently the chaotic attractor disappears through a "boundary crisis" and only stable fixed points remain. These fixed points later become periodic and chaotic through another set of bifurcations which ultimately leads to turbulence. As a function of Rayleigh number, |W101| ~ (r - 1)0.62 and |θ101| ~ (r - 1)-0.34 (velocity and temperature Fourier coefficient for (1, 0, 1) mode). However the Nusselt number scales as (r - 1)0.33.
NONLINEAR AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS OF A MORPHING FLAP
Authors: LI DAOCHUN , GUO SHIJUN , HE YUANYUAN , XIANG JINWU
Published: March 2012

A morphing flap integrated with an actuation mechanism was designed and investigated. Based on structure parameters from static experiments, a finite element model of the flap was created within MSC Patran software. Normal modal analysis and linear flutter analysis were carried out firstly. V–g and V–f curves were obtained to determine the critical flutter speeds with and without the actuation mechanism. Structural mass, damping, stiffness, and aerodynamic matrixes were printed with DMAP language to form an aeroelastic equation in modal coordinate. The freeplay nonlinearity between disks attached to the curved beams and wing skins was considered in the aeroelastic analysis. An unsteady aerodynamic influence coefficients matrix was calculated by Roger's approximation. The nonlinear aeroelastic equation in modal coordinate was solved by an iterative program written with MATLAB software. Based on the reduced-order aeroelastic model, the effect of freeplay on aeroelastic responses was investigated. Numerical results show that the freeplay nonlinearity may reduce critical flutter speed, leading to supercritical Hopf bifurcation.
FROM COMPLETE TO INCOMPLETE CHATTERING: A NOVEL ROUTE TO CHAOS IN IMPACTING CAM-FOLLOWER SYSTEMS
Authors: ALZATE R. , PIIROINEN P. T. , di BERNARDO M.
Published: March 2012

In this paper we discuss a novel route to chaos in cam-follower systems, a class of mechanical devices of relevance in applications. We show that a sudden transition to chaos is observed when a complete chattering motion (characterized theoretically by infinitely many impacts) is interrupted. Using numerical computations and semi-analytical methods we show that a cascade of grazing bifurcations is then originated, leading the system into chaos. This novel phenomenon is described using an appropriate model that is shown to predict correctly the numerical observations. The results are used to explain the transition to chaos observed in an experimental cam-follower system recently presented in the literature.
PERIODIC AND CHAOTIC OSCILLATIONS OF A COMPOSITE LAMINATED PLATE USING THE THIRD-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION PLATE THEORY
Authors: ZHANG W. , GUO X. Y.
Published: March 2012

An analysis on nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics is presented for a simply-supported symmetric cross-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate with parametric and forcing excitations in the case of 1:3:3 internal resonance. Based on Reddy's third-order shear deformation plate theory and the von Karman-type equations, the nonlinear governing partial differential equations of motion for the composite laminated rectangular thin plate can be established via the Hamilton's principle. Such partial differential equations are further discretized by the Galerkin method to form a three-degree-of-freedom coupled nonlinear system including the cubic nonlinear terms. The method of multiple scales is then employed to derive a set of averaged equations. Through the stability analysis, the steady-state solutions of the averaged equations are provided. An illustrative case of 1:3:3 internal resonance and fundamental parametric resonance, 1/3 subharmonic resonance is considered. Numerical simulation is applied to investigate the intrinsically nonlinear behavior of the composite laminated rectangular thin plate. With certain external load excitations, the simulation results demonstrate that the nonlinear dynamical system of the composite laminated plate exhibits different kinds of periodic and chaotic motions.
ON THE FRACTIONAL MEAN-VALUE THEOREM
Authors: GUO PENG , LI CHANGPIN , CHEN GUANRONG
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we derive a fractional mean-value theorem both in the sense of Riemann–Liouville and in the sense of Caputo. This new formulation is more general than the generalized Taylor's formula of Kolwankar and the fractional mean-value theorem in the sense of Riemann–Liouville developed by Trujillo.
THE STUDY ON THE MIDSPAN DEFLECTION OF A BEAM BRIDGE UNDER MOVING LOADS BASED ON SD OSCILLATOR
Authors: TIAN R. L. , YANG X. W. , CAO Q. J. , HAN Y. W.
Published: March 2012

In this paper, the midspan deflection of a beam bridge with vehicles passing through the bridge successively is investigated. The midspan deflection can be modeled as the vibration trace of smooth-and-discontinuous (SD) oscillator by considering the mode of the first order and up-and-down vibration. The nonlinear behaviors of the established model are studied and presented. KAM (Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser) structures on the Poincaré section are constructed for the driven system without dissipation with generic KAM curve and a series of resonant points and the surrounding island chains connected by chaotic orbits. Introducing a series of complete elliptic integrals of the first and the second kind, the response curves of the system are detected, to which the effects of parameters are revealed. The relevant dynamics is depicted under external excitation exhibiting period leading to chaos. The efficiency of the bifurcation diagrams obtained in this paper is demonstrated via numerical simulations.
CAPTURING THE SYMMETRY OF ATTRACTORS AND THE TRANSITION TO SYMMETRIC CHAOS IN A VIBRO-IMPACT SYSTEM
Authors: YUE Y. , XIE J. H. , GAO X. J.
Published: March 2012

A three-degree-of-freedom vibro-impact system with symmetric two-sided constraints is considered. The system is strongly nonlinear and symmetric. The symmetric fixed point of the Poincaré map is deduced analytically, and the existence conditions of the symmetric fixed point are obtained. The six-dimensional Poincaré map can be expressed as the second iteration of another unsymmetric implicit map, which implies the symmetry of the Poincaré map. When the control parameter changes successively, symmetry-breaking bifurcation and symmetry-restoring bifurcation will occur at some point, and the attractor may change between symmetry and antisymmetry repeatedly. When a symmetry breaking bifurcation occurs, the symmetry is still the intrinsic property of the vibro-impact system. Here the Poincaré map cannot reflect the symmetry itself. However, the unsymmetric implicit map can capture a pair of antisymmetric ω-limit sets, which reflects the symmetry of the vibro-impact system. Different Poincaré sections are locally conjugate about a diffeomorphism. Therefore, as long as the perturbation is sufficiently small, changing the Poincaré section does not have any effect on the dynamical behavior. The transition to symmetric chaos is represented by numerical simulations.
NONSMOOTH AND SMOOTH BIFURCATIONS IN A DISCONTINUOUS PIECEWISE MAP
Authors: QIN ZHIYING , ZHAO YUEJING , YANG JICHEN
Published: March 2012

In this paper, a piecewise map with singularity of the power (-1/2) is introduced. For this piecewise map, there is an infinite discontinuous gap on the origin. The conditions of nonsmooth border-collision bifurcation and smooth fold or flip bifurcation are analytically derived. For period-1 fixed point, two-parameter-plane can be divided into seven ranges according to different bifurcation structures. For period-n orbits, codimension-2 bifurcation point may lead to different period-increment sequence, and a peculiar feature is found that there are two different period-increment sequences in the same bifurcation diagram.
BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF THE PROPAGATING WAVE AND THE SWITCHING SOLUTIONS IN A RING OF SIX-COUPLED BISTABLE OSCILLATORS — BIFURCATION STARTING FROM TYPE 2 STANDING WAVE SOLUTION
Authors: KAMIYAMA KYOHEI , KOMURO MOTOMASA , ENDO TETSURO
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we analyze the bifurcation of Type 2 periodic solution in a ring of six-coupled bistable oscillators. We show that pitchfork and heteroclinic bifurcations, which induce chaos, cause a change from periodic (standing wave) solution to quasi-periodic (propagating wave) solution or the inverse when the coupling strength is varied. We also explain the existence of the switching solution, and presume that the birth and death of this switching solution are due to a pitchfork bifurcation of a quasi-periodic solution.
BIO-DEVELOPMENT OF MOTORWAY NETWORK IN THE NETHERLANDS: A SLIME MOULD APPROACH
Authors: ADAMATZKY ANDREW , LEES MICHAEL , SLOOT PETER
Published: March 2012

Plasmodium of a cellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a very large eukaryotic microbe visible to the unaided eye. During its foraging behavior the plasmodium spans sources of nutrients with a network of protoplasmic tubes. In this paper we attempt to address the following question: Is slime mould capable of computing transport networks? By assuming the sources of nutrients are cities and protoplasmic tubes connecting the sources are motorways, how well does the plasmodium approximate existing motorway networks? We take the Netherlands as a case study for bio-development of motorways, while it has the most dense motorway network in Europe, current demand is rapidly approaching the upper limits of existing capacity. We represent twenty major cities with oat flakes, place plasmodium in Amsterdam and record how the plasmodium spreads between oat flakes via the protoplasmic tubes. First we analyze slime-mould-built and man-built transport networks in a framework of proximity graphs to investigate if the slime mould is capable of computing existing networks. We then go on to investigate if the slime mould is able calculate or adapt the network through imitating restructuring of the transport network as a response to potential localized flooding of the Netherlands.
Psychiatric Diagnosis: Lessons from the DSM-IV Past and Cautions for the DSM-5 Future
Authors: Frances Allen J. , Widiger Thomas
Published: March 2012

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders provides the authoritative list of what are considered to be mental disorders. This list has a tremendous impact on research, funding, and treatment, as well as a variety of civil and forensic decisions. The development of this diagnostic manual is an enormous responsibility. Provided herein are lessons learned during the course of the development of the fourth edition. Noted in particular is the importance of obtaining and publishing critical reviews, restraining the unbridled creativity of experts, conducting field trials that address key issues and concerns, and conducting forthright risk-benefit analyses. It is suggested that future editions of the diagnostic manual be developed under the auspices of the Institute of Medicine. The goal would be broad representation, an evidence-based approach, disinterested recommendations, and a careful attention to the risks and benefits of each suggestion for change to the individual patient, to public policy, and to forensic applications.
Development, Evaluation, and Multinational Dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program
Authors: Sanders Matthew R.
Published: March 2012

The quality of parenting children receive has a major influence on their development, well-being, and life opportunities. Of all the potentially modifiable influences that can be targeted through preventive interventions, none are more important than the quality of parenting children experience. Prevention interventions targeting parenting should be widely used to promote positive developmental outcomes for children and adolescents. This review argues that the development of comprehensive evidence-based strategies to improve the quality of parenting is best viewed as a major public health challenge. Using the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program as an exemplar, the initial development, gradual transformation into a public health model, and then global dissemination of the approach is described. The assumptions underpinning the public health approach to parenting support are discussed, along with key criteria that need to be met for the approach to work. Factors that facilitate and impede the global implementation and dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs are considered along with implications for future research, policy, and practice.
Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology: The Role of Gender
Authors: Nolen-Hoeksema Susan
Published: March 2012

This review addresses three questions regarding the relationships among gender, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: (a) are there gender differences in emotion regulation strategies, (b) are emotion regulation strategies similarly related to psychopathology in men and women, and (c) do gender differences in emotion regulation strategies account for gender differences in psychopathology? Women report using most emotion regulation strategies more than men do, and emotion regulation strategies are similarly related to psychopathology in women and men. More rumination in women compared to men partially accounts for greater depression and anxiety in women compared to men, while a greater tendency to use alcohol to cope partially accounts for more alcohol misuse in men compared to women. The literature on emotion regulation is likely missing vital information on how men regulate their emotions. I discuss lessons learned and questions raised about the relationships between gender differences in emotion regulation and gender differences in psychopathology.
Empirical Classification of Eating Disorders
Authors: Keel Pamela K. , Brown Tiffany A. , Holland Lauren A. , Bodell Lindsay P.
Published: March 2012

Current diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) account for a minority of individuals with clinically significant disorders of eating, raising concerns about the clinical utility of current definitions. This review examines evidence for the validity of current and alternative approaches to defining eating disorders and implications for draft criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Although this review largely supports the predictive validity of distinctions among AN, BN, and the newly proposed binge eating disorder (BED), it also highlights that our tendency to “study what we define” has created a gap between the problems that people have and what we know about those problems. Future research on the causes and consequences of eating disorders should include more heterogeneous groups to enable identification of meaningful boundaries that distinguish between disorders based on etiological and predictive validity.
On the History and Future Study of Personality and Its Disorders
Authors: Millon Theodore
Published: March 2012

The study of personality differences can be traced back to the early speculations of ancient societies, such as India, China, Babylonia, Greece, and Rome. Though a few clinicians, notably Hippocrates, stressed the importance of careful and systematic observation, hoping thereby to shift the focus of attention to natural rather than animistic events, it was not until centuries later that semiscientific approaches began to take hold, e.g., phrenology. In the past century, descriptive psychiatrists of note began to pose “typologies,” e.g., Kraepelin and Schneider, and several insightful psychoanalysts, e.g., Freud, Abraham, and Reich, articulated the developmental roots of “character” variations. Official classification systems, e.g., the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases, have become the guiding arbiter of late-twentieth-century proposals. No less significant currently is the work of empirically oriented inductivists, e.g., Livesley and Widiger, and theoretically oriented deductivists, e.g., Kernberg and Millon.
American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health: Diverse Perspectives on Enduring Disparities
Authors: Gone Joseph P. , Trimble Joseph E.
Published: March 2012

As descendants of the indigenous peoples of the United States, American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) have experienced a resurgence in population and prospects since the beginning of the twentieth century. Today, tribally affiliated individuals number over two million, distributed across 565 federally recognized tribal communities and countless metropolitan and nonreservation rural areas. Although relatively little evidence is available, the existing data suggest that AI/AN adults and youth suffer a disproportionate burden of mental health problems compared with other Americans. Specifically, clear disparities have emerged for AI/AN substance abuse, posttraumatic stress, violence, and suicide. The rapid expansion of mental health services to AI/AN communities has, however, frequently preceded careful consideration of a variety of questions about critical components of such care, such as the service delivery structure itself, clinical treatment processes, and preventive and rehabilitative program evaluation. As a consequence, the mental health needs of these communities have easily outpaced and overwhelmed the federally funded agency designed to serve these populations, with the Indian Health Service remaining chronically understaffed and underfunded such that elimination of AI/AN mental health disparities is only a distant dream. Although research published during the past decade has substantially improved knowledge about AI/AN mental health problems, far fewer investigations have explored treatment efficacy and outcomes among these culturally diverse peoples. In addition to routine calls for greater clinical and research resources, however, AI/AN community members themselves are increasingly advocating for culturally alternative approaches and opportunities to address their mental health needs on their own terms.
Prediction and Prevention of Psychosis in Youth at Clinical High Risk
Authors: Addington Jean , Heinssen Robert
Published: March 2012

Most individuals with schizophrenia retrospectively report a prodromal period characterized by increasing problems in thinking, feeling, and behaving. However, it is less clear how many individuals who display prodromal symptoms will subsequently develop a psychotic illness. Thus, a precondition for early intervention in psychosis is the accurate detection of those who may be at true risk of developing a psychotic illness. The aim of this article is to review current work addressing prediction and prevention in the prodrome to psychosis. First, we describe research efforts to develop and test operational criteria for prospectively assessing psychosis liability over time. Second, the clinical, functional, and biological features of the prodrome are presented, along with a discussion of the variables most frequently associated with psychosis onset. Next, treatment studies are reviewed. The review concludes with a framework for future early identification and treatment studies.
The Behavioral Activation System and Mania
Authors: Johnson Sheri L. , Edge Michael D. , Holmes M. Kathleen , Carver Charles S.
Published: March 2012

For over two decades, theorists have suggested that mania relates to heightened sensitivity of the behavioral activation system (BAS). In this article, we review a burgeoning empirical literature on this model, drawing on both cross-sectional and prospective studies. As evidence has emerged for this model, we argue that it is time to consider more specific aspects of BAS sensitivity in this disorder. We review evidence that bipolar disorder relates to an increased willingness to expend effort toward reward and to increases in energy and goal pursuit after an initial reward. We conclude by considering the strengths and weaknesses of this literature, with an eye toward future directions and implications for treatment.
A "SMART" Design for Building Individualized Treatment Sequences
Authors: Lei H. , Nahum-Shani I. , Lynch K. , Oslin D. , Murphy S.A.
Published: March 2012

Interventions often involve a sequence of decisions. For example, clinicians frequently adapt the intervention to an individual's outcomes. Altering the intensity and type of intervention over time is crucial for many reasons, such as to obtain improvement if the individual is not responding or to reduce costs and burden when intensive treatment is no longer necessary. Adaptive interventions utilize individual variables (severity, preferences) to adapt the intervention and then dynamically utilize individual outcomes (response to treatment, adherence) to readapt the intervention. The Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) provides high-quality data that can be used to construct adaptive interventions. We review the SMART and highlight its advantages in constructing and revising adaptive interventions as compared to alternative experimental designs. Selected examples of SMART studies are described and compared. A data analysis method is provided and illustrated using data from the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone SMART study.
Integration of target and hand position signals in the posterior parietal cortex: effects of workspace and hand vision
Authors: Buneo Christopher A. , Andersen Richard A.
Published: March 2012

Previous findings suggest the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contributes to arm movement planning by transforming target and limb position signals into a desired reach vector. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this transformation remain unclear. In the present study we examined the responses of 109 PPC neurons as movements were planned and executed to visual targets presented over a large portion of the reaching workspace. In contrast to previous studies, movements were made without concurrent visual and somatic cues about the starting position of the hand. For comparison, a subset of neurons was also examined with concurrent visual and somatic hand position cues. We found that single cells integrated target and limb position information in a very consistent manner across the reaching workspace. Approximately two-thirds of the neurons with significantly tuned activity (42/61 and 30/46 for left and right workspaces, respectively) coded targets and initial hand positions separably, indicating no hand-centered encoding, whereas the remaining one-third coded targets and hand positions inseparably, in a manner more consistent with the influence of hand-centered coordinates. The responses of both types of neurons were largely invariant with respect to the presence or absence of visual hand position cues, suggesting their corresponding coordinate frames and gain effects were unaffected by cue integration. The results suggest that the PPC uses a consistent scheme for computing reach vectors in different parts of the workspace that is robust to changes in the availability of somatic and visual cues about hand position.
Diet, Genetics, and Disease: A Focus on the Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: Fahed Akl C. , El-Hage-Sleiman Abdul-Karim M. , Farhat Theresa I. , Nemer Georges M.
Published: March 2012

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region suffers a drastic change from a traditional diet to an industrialized diet. This has led to an unparalleled increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. This review discusses the role of nutritional genomics, or the dietary signature, in these dietary and disease changes in the MENA. The diet-genetics-disease relation is discussed in detail. Selected disease categories in the MENA are discussed starting with a review of their epidemiology in the different MENA countries, followed by an examination of the known genetic factors that have been reported in the disease discussed, whether inside or outside the MENA. Several diet-genetics-disease relationships in the MENA may be contributing to the increased prevalence of civilization disorders of metabolism and micronutrient deficiencies. Future research in the field of nutritional genomics in the MENA is needed to better define these relationships.
Downbeat Nystagmus Induced by Sedation in Lasik
Authors: Paciuc-Beja Miguel , Mendieta Gerardo
Published: March 2012

Nystagmus was elicited during lasik under sedation in two patients that were treated for depression. Nystagmus was not present before or after surgery. Nystagmus can be pharmacologically induced and can be a hazard to refractive surgery.
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
Authors: Kiernan J. A.
Published: March 2012

Only primates have temporal lobes, which are largest in man, accommodating 17% of the cerebral cortex and including areas with auditory, olfactory, vestibular, visual and linguistic functions. The hippocampal formation, on the medial side of the lobe, includes the parahippocampal gyrus, subiculum, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and associated white matter, notably the fimbria, whose fibres continue into the fornix. The hippocampus is an inrolled gyrus that bulges into the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Association fibres connect all parts of the cerebral cortex with the parahippocampal gyrus and subiculum, which in turn project to the dentate gyrus. The largest efferent projection of the subiculum and hippocampus is through the fornix to the hypothalamus. The choroid fissure, alongside the fimbria, separates the temporal lobe from the optic tract, hypothalamus and midbrain. The amygdala comprises several nuclei on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, mostly anterior the hippocampus and indenting the tip of the temporal horn. The amygdala receives input from the olfactory bulb and from association cortex for other modalities of sensation. Its major projections are to the septal area and prefrontal cortex, mediating emotional responses to sensory stimuli. The temporal lobe contains much subcortical white matter, with such named bundles as the anterior commissure, arcuate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus, and Meyer’s loop of the geniculocalcarine tract. This article also reviews arterial supply, venous drainage, and anatomical relations of the temporal lobe to adjacent intracranial and tympanic structures.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Myelofibrosis Transformed to a Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report with Review of the Literature
Authors: Algarni Ayed A. , Akhtari Mojtaba , Fu Kai
Published: March 2012

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a group of heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic cell disorders characterized by cytopenias, bone marrow hypercellularity, and increased risk of transformation to acute leukemias. MDS usually transformed to acute myeloid leukemia, and transformation to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is rare. Herein, we report a unique patient who presented with MDS with myelofibrosis. Two months after the initial diagnosis, she progressed to a precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She was treated with induction therapy followed by allogenic stem cell transplantation. She was alive and doing well upon last followup. We have also reviewed the literature and discussed the clinicopathologic features of 36 MDS patients who progressed to ALL reported in the literature.
Posttraumatic Pedal Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Arriagada Irarrazaval Cristián , Sonneborn Gross Ricardo , Sauré Maritano Alexandre , Soto Diez Carolina
Published: March 2012

Pseudoaneurysm of the pedal artery is usually caused by traumatic or iatrogenic events. Diagnosis is suspected by palpation of a pulsatile mass and detection of an associated systolic bruit. Confirmation is made by Doppler US. Angiography can demonstrate the presence of collateral circulation and assure distal vascular flow. We present the case of a 49-year-old man who presents 3 months after a traumatic contusion of his left foot with a pulsatile mass. A color Doppler ultrasound confirms a pseudoaneurysm of the pedal artery. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass and suture ligation of the artery with full recovery and no ischemic complications.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Associated with Massive Intracardiac Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmed Atheer , AL-Mondhiry Hamid , Milling Truman J. , Campbell David
Published: March 2012

A 60-years old patient was admitted to a community hospital with septic arthritis. He was treated with antibiotics and subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UH) was used for venous thromboprophylaxis. After three days, he developed leg deep venous thrombosis and was treated with IV heparin. One day later, the patient developed pulmonary emboli, which was found using ventilation/perfusion scan. He was transferred to the University Hospital for further management. Upon arrival, antibiotic and intravenous UH were continued. Trans-Esophageal Echocardiogram showed a thrombus in the right atrium, a small portion of which extended to the left atrium through a patent foramen ovale. Another large thrombus was noted in the right ventricle, which extended to the pulmonary artery. Review of the patient’s medical records revealed a halving of his platelet count three days following the heparin administration. Therefore, HIT seemed very likely. Intravenous UH was stopped and an emergency thrombectomy was performed. ELISA testing of HIT antibodies camenegative. This made HIT diagnosis unlikely and the patient received dalteparin. A week later, as the platelet count declined again, HIT antibodies’ testing using ELISA and C-14 serotonin release was repeated, and both assays werepositive. Argatroban was restarted and the platelet count normalized.
Infra-Through Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Acoustic Vector Sensor Particle Rejection System
Authors: Cravens Scott E. , Barrett Ronald M.
Published: March 2012

Sensor elements which employ fine filaments are often vulnerable to particulate fouling when used in certain operational field conditions. Depending on the size, attraction level, thermal and electrical conduction, and charge accumulation properties of the particles, erroneous readings can be easily generated in such “dirty” environments. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of an ultrasonic system which dynamically rejects highly tenacious electrostatically charged particles of a wide variety of sizes and even water. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the field of acoustic vector sensing, outlining its outstanding characteristics and history. Operational challenges including a statistical analysis of typical Middle-Eastern wind-blown desert sand and charge density are laid out. Several representative subscale hot-wire filaments were fouled with calibrated dust representing desert sand. The fouled elements were then exposed to airflows of 13 ft/s (4 m/s) and showed highly erratic shifted conduction levels with respect to baseline (clean) levels. An ultrasonic cleaning system was designed specifically resonate the filament and cantilever so as to mechanically reject foulants. When operated at resonance, the ultrasonic cleaning system showed 98.6% particulate rejection levels and associated restoration of uncorrupted filament resistance levels to within 2% of baseline resistance measurements.
Anxiety and Depression in Tinnitus Patients: 5-Year Follow-Up Assessment after Completion of Habituation Therapy
Authors: Falkenberg Eva-Signe , Wie Ona Bø
Published: March 2012

Treatment programs based on a neurophysiological model have shown a positive effect on anxiety and depression in tinnitus patients. The aim of this paper was to assess thelong-term effectof tinnitus habituation therapy. Sixty-eight individuals were treated with a comprehensive therapy program. The degree of anxiety and depression was assessed before, after, and five years after intervention using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The positive and significant changes achieved after habituation therapy (pre = 1.10, post = 0.92 for anxiety and pre = 0.77, post = 0.62 for depression) were maintained five years after treatment ended (0.87 for anxiety and 0.52 for depression). A regression analysis revealed that individual evaluation of the treatment lectures, self-reported health condition, individual experiences of hyperacusis, and hearing loss could explain 44.3% of the variation in anxiety and 30.5% of the variation in depression posttreatment. Five years after, individual evaluation of the treatment lectures and self-reported health condition explained 22.2% of the variation in anxiety. These factors and individual experiences of hyperacusis could further explain 34.9% of the variation in depression. The effect of a neurophysiologic-based management treatment was maintained five years after treatment ended, indicating that the patients continued the improvement process without becoming dependent on professionals.
Comparison of Oxidant/Antioxidant, Detoxification Systems in Various Tissue Homogenates and Mitochondria of Rats with Diabetes Induced by Streptozocin
Authors: Çelık Veysel Kenan , Şahın Zeynep Deniz , Sari İsmail , Bakir Sevtap
Published: March 2012

Objective. Oxidative stress is considered to be the main factor in the development of diabetic complications and tissue injury. our objective was to investigate and compare the oxidant/antioxidant conditions and detoxification mechanisms of the liver, lung, kidney, cardiac tissues, and mitochondria of rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin (STZ).Methods. Rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin were anesthetized by administering 90 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride and 3 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride. Thoracic cavities were incised open; liver, lung, kidney, and cardiac tissues were removed and stored at−70°C. All samples were homogenized and mitochondrial fractions were separated. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), Paraoxonase (PON), Arylesterase, Catalase (Cat), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Glutathion-S-transferase were measured in each fraction.Results. MDA and TOS levels were significantly increased in liver tissues, and T OS and OSI were increased in the mitochondrial fractions of diabetic rats. These increases were not statistically significant compared to the control group. No significant differences were determined in the antioxidant and GST activities.Conclusion. According to our results, oxidative stress has not developed in rats with diabetes induced by streptozocin. The detoxification system was induced; however, this induction did not differ significantly from the controls.
MIMO Throughput Effectiveness for Basic MIMO OTA Compliance Testing
Authors: Marín-Soler Adoración , Ypiña-García Guillermo , Belda-Sanchiz Álvaro , Martínez-González Antonio M.
Published: March 2012

During the March 2011 meeting of the CTIA MIMO OTA Subgroup (MOSG), the members agreed that the subgroup should first determine “what” aspects of a MIMO-capable device require evaluation; then the group should determine “how” to go about making these measurements. In subsequent meetings of MOSG, new yet-unnamed figures of merit were asked for in order to provide a solution to the carriers' requirements for LTE MIMO OTA evaluation. Furthermore, the December 2011 3GPP RAN4 status report on LTE MIMO OTA listed the evaluation of the use of statistical performance analysis in order to minimize test time and help ensure accurate performance assessment as an open issue. This contribution addresses these petitions by providing four new figures of merit, which could serve the purpose of evaluating the operators' top priorities for MIMO OTA compliance testing. The new figures of merit are MIMO Throughput Effectiveness (MTE), MIMO Device Throughput Effectiveness (MDTE), MIMO Throughput Gain (MTG), and MIMO Device Throughput Gain (MDTG). In this paper, MTE is evaluated using the recently available LTE MIMO OTA RR data from 3GPP.
Developing Quantum Dot Phosphor‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes for Aviation Lighting Applications
Authors: Wu Fengbing , Zhang Dawei , Shang Shuzhen , Zhu Yiming , Zhuang Songlin , Xu Jian
Published: March 2012

We have investigated the feasibility of employing quantum dot (QD) phosphor‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in aviation applications that request Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS) compliance. Our studies suggest that the emerging QD phosphor‐based LED technology could potentially be superior to conventional aviation lighting technology by virtue of the marriage of tight spectral control and broad wavelength tunability. This largely arises from the fact that the optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystal QDs can be tailored by varying the nanocrystal size without any compositional changes. It is envisioned that the QD phosphor‐based LEDs hold great potentials in cockpit illumination, back light sources of monitor screens, as well as the LED indicator lights of aviation panels.
Effect of Impeller Agitation on Preparation of Tetra-n-Butyl Ammonium Bromide Semiclathrate Hydrate Slurries
Authors: Hashimoto Shunsuke , Ito Hiroyuki , Ohgaki Kazunari , Inoue Yoshiro
Published: March 2012

The slurries-containing tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) solution and its semiclathrate hydrate have attracted a lot of interest as latent heat transport media. These hydrate slurries contain some microparticles of crystal, and the size and shape of these hydrate particles could affect the mobility of slurries. Hence, it is essential to investigate the efficient hydrate-slurry preparation methods and the effect of hydrate particles on the fluid property of slurries for the application to latent heat transport media. In the present study, the effect of agitation on particle size distribution and aggregation of particles was studied to prepare easily flowing TBAB hydrate slurries that were suitable for fluid transport. First of all, the effects of impeller rotational speed and impeller type on the particle size and frequency of aggregation were investigated. The results suggested that the particle size distribution and the frequency of particle aggregation are strongly affected by the intensity of shear rate and its uniformity, which was controllable with impeller type and its rotation speed.
An Unusual Transudative Pleural Effusion Succeeded by Pulmonary and Brain Edema and Death
Authors: Mortazavimoghaddam Sayyed Gholam Reza , Riasi H. R.
Published: March 2012

Here we report a 22-year old woman with massive and bilateral transudative effusion succeeded by pulmonary edema and brain edema and death. Investigations for systemic disorders were negative. Exacerbation of dyspnea after intravenous fluid infusion was a main problem. As effusion was refractory to medical treatment, the patient was referred for surgical pleurodesis and bilateral surgical pleurodesis were done separately. Postsurgically, dyspnea exacerbation occurred after each common cold infection. Vertigo and high intracranial pressure were also a problem postsurgically. CSF pressure was 225 mm/H2O. Therapeutic lumbar puncture was done in two sequential weeks, and the patient was on acetazolamide 250 mg/trivise a day. Despite the medical treatment, progressive dyspnea, headache, and high intracranial pressure followed by death nine months after pleurodesis. As there is a gradient of pressure between pleura and CSF, after pleurodesis brain edema must be a consequence of inversing this gradient. In conclusion, when there are any abnormalities about fluid volume or pressure in any of these cavities, we have to study other cavities.
Carbimazole Induced Pleural Effusion: A Case Report
Authors: Das Gautam , Stanaway Stephen E. R. S. , Brohan Liz
Published: March 2012

Objective. To describe a patient with unilateral exudative pleural effusion that developed after commencement of carbimazole.Methods. We describe the presentation and clinical journey of an elderly woman who presented to the chest physicians initially with pleural effusion but was followed up by the endocrinology team.Result. The patient was a 77-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with symptoms of breathlessness and a confirmed unilateral pleural effusion while being on treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Her symptoms needed recurrent hospital admission for investigations and drainage, but no potential cause was identified after extensive investigations. A drug-induced exudative effusion consequent to carbimazole intake was diagnosed as discontinuation of the drug lead to complete resolution of the effusion with no recurrence.Conclusion. Physicians and Endocrinologist must bear in mind that this potentially rare complication of carbimazole while treating patients of thyrotoxicosis as appearance of similar features in their patients while being on carbimazole should lead to the discontinuation of the drug, and alternative treatment strategy should be considered.