bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF REUSED HISTORICAL MUSEUM FOR PHYSICALLY DISABLED PEOPLE: MUSEUM BUILDINGS IN BURSA
Authors: ARAS Aylin
Published: June 2021

Aim: This study investigated the accessibility of refunctionalized museums to people with disabilities. Method On-site observations were performed to determine whether refunctionalized museums were accessible to people with disabilities. Results: The results show that people with disabilities are denied experiencing refunctionalized museums because they cannot access them. Conclusion: Refunctionalized museums offer insufficient solutions to promote the accessibility of people with disabilities. Therefore, better solutions should be offered to help them access cultural heritage. However, it should be made sure that those solutions do not damage the cultural heritage while meeting their needs.
SPATIAL FORMATION IN ARCADES: ANKARA-YENİŞEHİR ARCADES
Authors: KURT KIRAL Merve , AKIN Emel
Published: June 2021

Spaces are conditioned by social conditions; on the other hand, social structure is affected by spaces. Arcades, the subject of this article, first appeared in Europe in the 18th century as a result of an increase in trading activities. The arcades in Ankara, which were started to be built in the 1950s together with increasing trading activities, contributed to the urban economy with intense activities of shopping, re-determined social and urban relations as essential places of everyday life and became distinctive urban buildings with their original building typologies and the function of maintaining public continuity in the area of private ownership. Aim: This study aims to study the process in which passages emerged and to analyze their spatial features and, in particular, to examine the spatial formation of the distinctive passages in Ankara on the basis of their causation. Method: In the article, spatial features of the passages in the West were mentioned, and the conditions of the period in which the passages in Ankara were built were briefly explained. Spatial analysis of the passages found in the research area were conducted, and the formation of these passages were analyzed together with their reasons. Results: Of the 31 arcades in Ankara, 27 were built between 1950 and 1980 on and around the Atatürk Boulevard in Yenişehir/Kizilay. As of the mid-1950s, new planning decisions which were made one after the other in the built-up area re-shaped the Boulevard and its surrounding as the existing buildings were demolished, allowing to construct new buildings with arcades or stores in their entrances. Their interior designs and connections to the streets are different from the arcades in the West. Conclusion: The present subdivision system and new planning decisions applied in property order shaped the passages which were peculiar to Ankara.
EMULATION TO THE NATURE IN BASIC DESIGN EDUCATION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Authors: BEKCİ Banu , BOGENÇ Çiğdem
Published: June 2021

Aim: The main purpose of the study is to create a recreational spatial organization with basic design elements and principles by emulating nature in increasing visual literacy. With this study, it was aimed to stimulate students' imagination and make them design spatial organization by emulating geological rock sections in sustainable design approaches of rural landscape areas. Method: The process of producing solutions to the design problem given was carried out by using (i) 14-week basic design training, (ii) taking thin samples from geological rocks for petrographical studies, and (iii) the analogical thinking method which was the inspiration of Goldschmidt and Smallov (2006) and Cardoso and Badke-Schavub (2011) for the transformation of their ideas into forms. Findings: By analyzing the concepts related to the given problem, the solution of the design problem began, and the designers’ abstract ideas were concretized and handled within the framework of the concept. Students, who received the subject of study during the design process, completed the product they prepared in line with the basic design education they received in order to obtain a product from the concept whichthey created in their mind by emulating geological rock sections. The process was successfully completed by adding something to the obtained product, removing something from the obtained product, and combining something with the obtained product in this process. Result: The ability to have a versatile perspective in design education, which finds common ground forart and architecture education, is vital. This study showed that in architectural education, the design process can collaborate with different disciplines and that the products may be unique and sensitive to ecosystem services.
SAMSATLI LUKİANOS İLE ROTTERDAMLI ERASMUS’UN DÜŞÜNSEL YOLCULUKLARI
Authors: Zenginoğlu Samet
Published: June 2021

Tarihsel perspektiften bugüne çeşitli konular ve aktörler ekseninde “düşünce” bir yolculuk güzergahına sahip olmuştur. Bu güzergahta yer alan düşünürler/filozoflar bazı dönemlerde bir önceki dönemi eleştirmiş, o döneme karşı çıkmış ve yeni bir yol inşa etmişlerdir. Bazı dönemlerde tamamen ya da küçük revizyonlarla benzer yolu takip etme yönünde bir tutum geliştirmişlerdir. Fakat hangi yöntem benimsenirse benimsensin yine de kendi doğal seyri içerisinde düşünce ve düşünme biçimleri yeni bir anlam kazanmıştır -anlamsızlığın anlamı da dahil olmak üzere. Bu çalışma, ilgili yolculuk ekseninde aralarında yaklaşık on üç yüz yıl bulunan iki düşünüre odaklanmaktadır: Samsatlı Lukianos ve Rotterdamlı Erasmus. Genel itibariyle karşılaştırma eksenli çalışmalarda zaman dilimi hassas bir faktör olsa da düşünce tarihi bağlamında zamanın sürekliliği sağlayan bir etken olduğu da görülmüştür. Nitekim bu süreklilik etkenini göz önünde bulundurmak suretiyle Lukianos ve Erasmus arasında dikkat çeken benzerliklerin olduğu müşahede edilmiştir.
A Review on Opinion Mining: Approaches, Practices and Application
Authors: Chinedum Amaechi , Ogochukwu C Okeke
Published: June 2021

Opinion Mining also known as Sentiment Analysis (SA) has recently become the focus of many researchers, because analysis of online text is useful and demanded in many different applications. Analysis of social sentiments is a trending topic in this era because users share their emotions in more suitable format with the help of micro blogging services like twitter. Twitter provides information about individual's real-time feelings through the data resources provided by persons. The essential task is to extract user's tweets and implement an analysis and survey. However, this extracted information can very helpful to make prediction about the user's opinion towards specific policies. The motive of this paper is to perform a survey on sentiment analysis algorithms that shows the utilizing of different ML and Lexicon investigation methodologies and their accuracy. Our paper also focuses on the three kinds of machine learning algorithms for Sentiment Analysis- Supervised, Unsupervised Algorithms.
THE METHODOLOGY FOR THE CREATION OF AN ADAPTED MODEL FOR THE TRANSITION TO THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF LATVIA IN A LONG TERM PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Lemss Ivo , Libkovska Una
Published: June 2021

Research will focus on investments for the development of the company. Transition to the circular economy is understood in many cases only as an unnecessary obstacle, not as the new business model. Production based on the linear model "take, make, dispose of" is not possible anymore based on decreased environmental quality. Increased production efficiency could help promote the company's prestige, gain tax allowances, create optimistic co-operation with the state, municipality, and maintain sustainability in terms of the balance achieved between economic, environmental and social interests. Although the research until now is in an early stage, the research purpose is to create an adapted model for the implementation of the circular economy for the small and medium enterprises (from now on – SMEs) of Latvia in a long-term perspective. Research will focus on the following qualitative data analysis methods – SWOT, factor, economic contribution, structured interviews at expert level, overall structured interview in the form of the questionnaire. From quantitative methods, hierarchical cluster or partial cluster method will be used in this research, analysing 3966 organisations in the Eco-Management and audit scheme (from now on – EMAS) at the European level that ensure compliance with the essential environmental requirements under EMAS Regulation No.1221/2009 . Until now within the research, the number of EMAS organisations have been selected between 29 different countries (total number of observations) in 5 sectors (energy, water, waste management, food industry, port terminals), allowing to make the cross-country comparison and describe the involvement level of EMAS in each country. Before using the cluster method, it is essential to assess the cluster trend and whether the cluster method is suitable for research data. The next step will involve using a hierarchical cluster or partial cluster method (a certain number of clusters will be created). It is necessary to use different techniques to evaluate and interpret the created cluster results in future work. Until now, the main conclusion from the literature study is that Latvia has no organisation registered under EMAS and the term "circular economy" is a prevalent trend nowadays worldwide, which can be justified with 114 different terms of the circular economy. Expected results will be the following – issued new criteria for SMEs, issued the adapted model and issued recommendations and suggestions for developing the eco-innovation market.
STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF A HIGH-CHROMIUM MATERIAL USED AS AN EXTERNAL, WORKING LAYER OF A BIMETALLIC MILL ROLLER
Authors: Ivanov Peter , Georgiev Ivan , Velikov Angel
Published: June 2021

The bimetallic mill roller has been produced by the method of vertical axis centrifugal casting. The processes, accompanying the formation of the structure of the external (working) layer from high chromium material of the bimetallic roller have been investigated. A mathematical model for the geometry of the working layer was created. By using the MAGMA Soft software package, simulations of the processes of casting and crystallization have been made. A metallographic assessment of the microstructure has been made.
MODELLING THE HORIZONTAL VELOCITY FIELD OF THE NIZHNE-KANSK MASSIF ACCORDING TO GNSS OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Manevich Alexandr , Kaftan Vladimir , Shevchuk Roman , Urmanov Danil
Published: June 2021

Within the boundaries of the Nizhne-Kansk granite-gneiss massif, which directly borders on the Atamanovskiy branch of the Yenisei Ridge, the building of an underground research laboratory for validating the safety of disposal of high-level radioactive waste began in 2019. In 2010, researchers of the Mining and Chemical Combine at Zheleznogorsk and the Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, organized a satellite geodetic network within the boundaries of the Nizhne-Kansk massif; this network included 30 GNSS stations intended for observations of modern crustal movements.The purpose of this study is to determine vectors and simulate the field of horizontal modern crustal movements from measurements made in 2010 - 2019. The tasks included: creating a catalogue of displacement data; calculating and estimating horizontal velocities of modern crustal movements, modelling the horizontal velocity field using artificial neural networks, developing a kinematic model of the area and comparing it with geological survey data.As a result, the resulting model was found to be in good agreement with the results of structural-geological and geodynamic studies in the area. The rate of convergence between the Siberian Platform and the West Siberian Plate in the interaction zone of the southern part of the Yenisei Ridge can be estimated as 2-4 mm/year. The movements of the selected area are due to sublatitudinal compression along an azimuth of 100-110 degrees. Within the selected tectonic blocks relatively low rates of modern horizontal movements of the earth's crust were obtained, which confirms the stable geodynamic regime of the structural block hosting the underground research laboratory. Thus, the results of the work demonstrate the possibility of disposal of high-level radioactive waste in the selected structural block.
PRIMARY ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF TORREFACTION OF BIOMASS AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: Yermakov Serhii , Hutsol Taras , Glowacki Szymon , Hulevskyi Vadym , Pylypenko Viktoriia
Published: June 2021

Biomass energy is an important component in the overall structure of renewable energy and has the greatest potential for increasing volumes.  However, the peculiarities of the properties of agro-industrial residues are a significant disadvantage of their widespread use.  The process of torrefaction allows to bring the characteristics of biofuel as close as possible to thermal coal.  Different degree of heat treatment of biomass leads to a product with different heating value.  Therefore, it is important to know the optimal mode of torrefaction, which will provide the best energy parameters of biofuels.Researches of torrefaction were carried out on the basis of educational and scientific laboratory "DAK GPS" of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilia.  The kinetics of the relative mass of different types of biomass at different processing temperatures was considered.  The dependence of the degree of torrefaction on the heat treatment temperature is revealed. As shown by studies for most biomaterials of plant origin, we can distinguish the beginning of intensive transformation and its end, after which there is a sharp slowdown in weight loss, and, accordingly, and the energy density of the samples.
SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY AND PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF FLOW ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSBOUNDARY NARVA RIVER
Authors: Iukhno Artem , Yakovleva Tatiana , Kobears Yaroslav
Published: June 2021

The water regime of the transboundary Narva River has always been constantly addressed by the hydrometeorological community. For many years, at the interstate level (the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia), there has been a discussion about the accuracy of flow assessment and the correctness of the methods applicable for these purposes. In some years, the discrepancies between the estimates of the average annual water discharge obtained by the Estonian and Russian sides reach values of 20-27%. Sustainable, reliable water use requires updating approaches and achieving greater unambiguity in the flow assessment. In the presented article, various sources of uncertainty in the Narva river flow assessment as hydrodynamic, seasonal factors and imperfection of existing methods are considered.
ON THE ISSUE OF PLANNING SOWING AGRICULTURAL CROPS WITH THE MINIMUM RISK UNDER THE PRESENCE OF VARIOUS AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Guseynov Sharif E. , Matyukhin Sergey , Mardanov Misir J. , Aleksejeva Jekaterina V. , Sidorenko Olga
Published: June 2021

The present paper deals with one problem of quantitative controlling the seeding of the sown area by agricultural crops in different agroclimatic conditions. The considered problem is studied from the standpoint of three strategies: from the seeding planning perspective aiming at minimal risk associated with possible unfavourable agroclimatic conditions (a probabilistic approach is used); from the perspective of obtaining the maximum crops sales profit (a deterministic approach is used); from the perspective of obtaining the maximum crops harvest. For the considered problem, mathematical models are constructed (one probabilistic model and two deterministic models, respectively), their analytical solutions are found, and then, using a specific example, the application of the constructed and solved mathematical models is illustrated as well as the obtained numerical results are analysed..
SCIENTIFIC BASES FOR STOCK MARKET FIASCO FORECASTING TECHNOLOGY WITH USE OF INFORMATION SPACE ENTROPY
Authors: Karasev Vasily , Karaseva Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The article contains a theoretical study and description of general algorithm for predicting a stock market fiasco caused by non-financial and other factors. Market fiasco is considered as non-periodical, sudden and random event which can arise due to the many latent reasons. Methods of technical and fundamental analysis are useless to solve this problem, therefore, the use of systems analysis methods is proposed. The author’s idea is the numerical calculation of search queries entropy as a part of global information space. Decrease in the Renyi’s entropy, associated with rapid grow search queries, containing key terms from the subject area, indicates the possible stock market fiasco in the near future. This article presents an algorithm for the dynamic calculation of Renyi’s entropy, allowing predict rare events which are not reflected in statistical data (or frequency of their realizations is too small). The method and algorithm can be realized in trade information systems and decision-making systems in economic sphere.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LASER-COLOURING MARKED STAINLESS STEEL
Authors: Narica Pavels , Pan’kova Svetlana , Solovyev Vladimir , Vanin Alexander , Yanikov Mikhail
Published: June 2021

Laser colour-marking method often displace conventional marking techniques. Complicated technology of laser-induced periodic surface structure creation on stainless steel samples allows changing their surface morphology and optical properties, which were studied in this work by atomic force microscopy (AFM), laser scanning microscopy, reflectance spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Reflectance spectra of the samples demonstrate reflectance maxima correlate with the visible colours of the samples and with the extrema in the non-monotonic spectral dependences of the derivative of real part of complex dielectric permittivity extracted from the ellipsometric data. Thus, the most intensive light scattering takes place when the real part of complex dielectric permittivity falls down quickly with changing wavelength. We did not observe any “azimuth anisotropy” in our optical measurements at constant incidence angle: the spectra were the same independently of the light incidence plane orientation (parallel or perpendicular to the previous laser light spot scanning direction). We suppose that this selective resonance-like light scattering is due to the sample surface inhomogeneity, which is the result of previous laser treatment. This assumption agrees with estimations based on laser microscope and AFM images as well as with predictions of Mie theory. Thus, the colours of the samples under study are due to the light scattering by randomly distributed surface species with different sizes.
REDUCTION OF THE STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR OF PRISMATIC SPECIMENS THROUGH THE USE OF TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Raychev Raycho , Delova Ivanka
Published: June 2021

The article presents studies related to the reduction of stress concentration acting on prismatic specimen subject to axial loading. Using ANSYS software, a topological optimization was performed which aims to reduce the stresses in the endangered areas. The aim of identification of the geometric parameters accomplished after the completion of topological optimization of the objective function is to minimize the stresses in the engaged areas. An analysis performed were to show the influence of stresses acting on the fatigue limit during different cycles. The results of the study were present in a graphical form.
RIGID CONNECTION WITH GRANITE CHIPS IN THE TIMBER-CONCRETE COMPOSITE
Authors: Buka-Vaivade Karina , Serdjuks Dmitrijs , Podkoritovs Andrejs , Pakrastins Leonids , Mironovs Viktors
Published: June 2021

Timber-concrete composite panels enables to combine advantages of pure timber and pure concrete panels in one structural member especially in the case, when the rigid timber-concrete connection is provided. The effectiveness of timber and concrete use and load-carrying capacity of the timber-concrete composite panels will grow in the case. The new concept of rigid timber to concrete connection was developed by the using of the granite chips as the keys to provide high quality of the glued connection. Behaviour of the timber-concrete composite panels were investigated by finite element method and laboratorian experiment. Three timber-concrete composite panels in combination with carbon fibre reinforced plastic composite tapes in the tension zone with the span 1.8 m were statically loaded till the failure by the scheme of three-point bending. One specimen was produced by dry method, by gluing together cross-laminated timber panel and prefabricated concrete panel. Timber-concrete connection of the other two specimens was provided by the granite chips, which were glued on the surface of the cross-laminated timber by epoxy, and then wet concrete was placed. Dimensions of the crushed granite pieces changes within the limits from 16 to 25 mm. The current study focuses on determining the effect of the use of granite chips for timber-concrete composite panels with adhesive connection between layers. The effect of the use of granite chips in rigid connection is determined by comparison of mid-span displacements and level of failure load of the two variants of the timber-concrete composite panels. Three-dimensional finite element models of timber-concrete composite with rigid connection was developed and validated by experiment data. Obtained results shown, that the use of the granite chips in rigid timber to concrete connection allow to make a quality rigid connection. Possibility to increase by 28% level of failure load of the timber-concrete composite panels by the adding of granite chips was stated. Maximal vertical mid-span displacements of the panels decrease about 3.8 times at the same time.
SELECTION OF LOCATORS IN AUTOMATED DESIGN OF FIXTURES FOR LOCATING WORKPIECES DURING MACHINING
Authors: Metev Hristo , Krumov Kalin , Gitan Ali
Published: June 2021

Using the systematic approach, the possible basing schemes of the workpieces in the machining attachments have been discovered and systematized with a view to their use in automated design. The analysis shows that the use of the proposed systematization in computer-aided design is significantly more rational, since the structure reflects the sequence of choice of the optimal basing scheme - analysis of the theoretical basing scheme, analysis of the geometry of the workpiece, formation of the possible list of the basing schemes. An analysis was performed with the help of which the criteria for geometric compatibility were revealed, allowing to make a choice of a basing scheme, satisfying the geometric shape of the workpiece. An algorithm for selection of locators has been developed. The development is part of a system for automated design of fixtures for locating of workpieces during machining.
SIDE SLIP OF WHEELS WITH LOW AND ULTRA-LOW PROFILE TIRES OF A PERSONAL CAR NEGOTIATING A TURN
Authors: Taneva Stiliyana , Ambarev Krasimir
Published: June 2021

This article studies the influence of the speed of a car with low and ultra-low profile tires, 14ʹʹ and 16ʹʹ, negotiating a turn through an interactive software system developed by us in the MATLAB environment. The changes of the normal and lateral loads of the wheels are obtained and the characteristics of the side slip angle (known as side slip) of the pneumatic tires are determined. Taking into account the side slip of the wheels, the software determines the center of the turn. The characteristics for the normal and lateral loads and of the side slip of the wheels for both types of tires are given. The influence of the tire profile on the handling characteristics is analysed. Recommendations are proposed for a personal car’s motion in a turn with both types of tires.
INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS OF A PULTRUDED THIN BEAM PROFILE
Authors: Namsone Endija
Published: June 2021

In the present study, a coupled 3D transient thermo-chemical analysis together with 2D plane strain mechanical analysis is carried out for the pultrusion process. For the mechanical analysis, a cure hardening instantaneous linear elastic (CHILE) approach is used of a thin beam profile made of glass fibre and epoxy resin. The applied approach is efficient and fast to investigate the residual stresses and deformations together with the distributions of temperature and degree of cure obtained from the thermo-chemical analysis.
COMSOL SIMULATION OF LASER WELDING OF ALUMINUM
Authors: Balchev Ivaylo , Lazov Lyubomir , Angelov Nikolaj , Teirumnieka Erika
Published: June 2021

This research includes a Comsol Mutiphysics model describing the temperature distribution on aluminum during the laser conductivity welding process. The influence of  laser power and speed on the welding process is discussed and compared with experiments. Numerical simulations of laser welding process have been performed to determine the temperature fields of laser impact to samples of aluminum. Numerical calculations are made for fiber laser. The plots of the temperature dependence on the surface and in the depth of aluminum samples on the velocity are analyzed for several power densities for this laser.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARE OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PULTRUDED GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC BASED ON POLYESTER AND VINYLESTER RESIN
Authors: Kovalovs Andrejs , Morozovs Andrejs
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of this study is an experimental investigation and comparison of the mechanical properties of pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer composite based on polyester and vinylester resin. For this purpose, the specimens were cut from the walls of square tube pultruded profile along to the fibres direction. The mechanical properties of the pultruded composite such as ultimate tensile strength and ultimate bending strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus were obtained. It was observed that using of vinyl ester resin in pultruded composite instead of polyester resin enhanced the ultimate tensile and flexural strength from ~13% to ~24% in dependence of composite specimen’s thickness.
Recurrent pregnancy loss in the modern world (literature review)
Authors: Unanyan Ara L. , Pivazyan Laura G. , Zakaryan Araksya A. , Poimanova Ol’ga F. , Bondarenko Ekaterina N. , Ishchenko Anatolii I.
Published: June 2021

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the loss of two or more pregnancies of reproductive women. This problem affects approximately 1‒2% of couples and has not the tendency to decrease. Several etiology factors of RPL have been described so far. The objective of this review is to evaluate the impact of different risk factors on the outcome of RPL.
Contraceptive history and risk of cancer of the female reproductive organs: the realities of today (literature review)
Authors: Klyukina Lidiya A. , Sosnova Elena A. , Ishchenko Anton A.
Published: June 2021

In modern conditions, an increasing number of women resort to the use of hormonal contraception drugs, and their number is constantly increasing, but systematic studies on the possible role of hormonal contraceptives as independent triggers or cofactors of the development of oncological diseases of the reproductive system are currently few, which does not allow us to draw objective conclusions. In this paper, we analyzed global data on the risks and frequency of detected oncopathology of the reproductive organs, taking into account the contraceptive history of women.
Early prediction of placental insufficiency in obese women
Authors: Datsenko Natalya S. , Marinkin Igor O. , Sokolova Tat’yana M. , Kiseleva Tat’yana V. , Yakimova Anna V.
Published: June 2021

Obesity is one of the most important problems in modern health care. The high prevalence of this pathology also affects women of reproductive age, which leads to an increase in the prevalence of obesity in pregnant women.
Purpose of the work ‒ analysis of the effect of adipokine indicators on predicting the development of placental insufficiency in obese women.
Materials and methods. 225 women were examined who were subdivided by such a parameter as obesity into 4 groups: 3 main and 1 control. The control group consisted of 55 pregnant women with an initially normal BMI value (18.5‒24.9 kg/m2). Group 1st included 109 pregnant women with grade I obesity (BMI 31.88 1.4 kg/m2), group 2nd ‒ 34 pregnant women with grade II obesity (BMI 36.6 1.1 kg/m2), group 3rd ‒ 31 pregnant women with grade III obesity (BMI 42.2 1.9 kg/m2).
We studied the data of the anamnesis of pregnant women (somatic and obstetric-gynecological), indicators of adiponectin and omentin, peculiarities of the course of pregnancy and childbirth (data of cardiotocography (CTG), ultrasound markers of disturbances in the formation and functioning of the fetoplacental complex), indicators of labor activity, parameters of newborns (mass-growth, state on the Apgar scale, ponderal index, fetal-placental ratio) and the course of the postpartum period.
When conducting statistical analysis in the case of comparing two dependent (paired) samples of parameters, the paired Students t-test was used.
The results were considered statistically significant if the р was less than 0.05. With this indicator, the value of the probability of difference between the compared categories was more than 95%.
Results. The possibility of predicting the development of placental insufficiency depending on the concentrations of omentin and adiponectin was confirmed. The development of placental insufficiency is most likely with omentin values in the range of 177.6‒191.2 g/ml and adiponectin in the range of 16.0‒22.5 g/ml.
Conclusion. Determination of adipokine levels at 8‒9 weeks gestation may be practically significant in predicting the development of placental insufficiency in obese women.
Diagnostic efficiency of the main dermatoscopic symptoms and algorithms for detecting skin melanoma
Authors: Mamunov Maksim V. , Patrushev Aleksandr V.
Published: June 2021

AIM: to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the main dermatoscopic signs and algorithms used to diagnose skin melanoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the diagnostic effectiveness of the performed dermatoscopy in detecting skin melanoma, the main dermatoscopic signs that occur in this disease were identified: atypical pigment network, atypical globules, asymmetry of pigmentation and structure, asymmetric stripes, asymmetric zones of hyperpigmentation (spots), blue-white (white-blue) veil, graininess, scar-like foci of depigmentation, white shiny stripes, negative pigment network. The study was carried out based on the analysis of 34 archival dermatoscopic images of melanocytic skin lesions with a morphologically verified diagnosis (11 melanomas and 23 melanocytic nevi). In addition, a comparison was made of the indicators of the diagnostic efficiency of two main dermatoscopic algorithms used in the diagnosis of skin melanoma: the algorithm by 3 signs and by 7 signs. For this, 186 archived dermatoscopic images of melanocytic skin lesions were analyzed. All patients included in the study were examined and treated at the clinic for skin and venereal diseases in the period from 2015 to 2019. The study was carried out using a HEINE DELTA 20 Plus dermatoscope in immersion mode and in cross-polarization.

RESULTS: The following dermatoscopic features had the highest diagnostic efficiency for the diagnosis of skin melanoma: blue-white veil (86.8%), asymmetry of pigmentation and structure (82.6%), and white shiny stripes (72.8%). The diagnostic efficiency of the 3 signs algorithm was 93.0%, the 7 signs algorithm 90.5%.

CONCLUSION: Diagnostic algorithms for confirming melanoma can be successfully used by both general practitioners and medical specialists (dermatologists, oncologists). In this case, it is preferable to use the three signs algorithm at the initial admission of patients as a screening option, and the seven-signs algorithm by experienced specialists in the field of dermatoscopy to confirm the diagnosis (4 figures, 3 tables, bibliography: 11 refs).
On the features of the preperitoneal space multifascial structure in clinical and anatomical issues
Authors: Boytsova Yuliуa A. , Fomin Nikolay F. , Shvedyuk Viktor V.
Published: June 2021

AIM: to determine the prospects for the preventive endoprosthetics of the abdominal wall at preventing the development of postoperative ventral hernias.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-analysis of the literature data performed to determine the effectiveness of preventive endoprosthetics for the prevention of ventral hernia formation. Topographical study has been conducted to explore the most promising levels of the mesh location.

RESULTS: During the meta-analysis it has been found that performing preventive endoprosthesis of the anterior abdominal wall t in the preperitoneal space reduces the frequency of ventral hernias. There were no significant differences in the frequency of infectious complications and serom in the experimental and control groups according to studied publications. During the preparation it has been distinguished that between the transverse fascia and the peritoneum there is a preperitoneal fascia consisting of two leaves, which is most manifest in the lateral parts. In the umbilical region above linea arcuata the preperitoneal fascia is thinned and represented by separate fibers that are difficult to differentiate as a structure between the transverse fascia and the peritoneum. In the lateral parts of the abdominal wall, the preperitoneal fascia is well expressed. It has been distinguished that the retroperitoneal fascia, formed by the junction of two sheets of the Gerot fascia continues into the fascia between the transverse fascia and the peritoneum.

CONCLUSION: Preventive endoprosthesis of the anterior abdominal wall is an effective and safe method of preventing the formation of postoperative ventral hernias. The anterior abdominal wall is characterized by a complex multifascial structure, which is of fundamental importance for various types of surgery. Between the transverse fascia and the peritoneum there is preperitoneal fascia which is represented by two leaflets. Its continuation is the retroperitoneal fascia (5 figures, 2 tables, bibliography: 8 refs).
Centrifuge Studies of Topographic Effects: Parametric Investigation
Authors: Dafni Jacob , Wartman Joseph
Published: June 2021

This article presents the results of a comprehensive geotechnical centrifuge experimental program to investigate topographic effects across a series of single-sided slopes. The experimental campaign considered a range of governing factors, including slope inclination and ground-motion amplitude, frequency content, and duration. The testing program was nondestructive, allowing the centrifuge models to be subjected to over 140 different ground motions. Clear evidence of topographic effects, including amplification and deamplification of ground motion, were observed. Topography modified the frequency content and amplitude of the ground motion such that at the slope crest (1) peak ground accelerations ranged from 50% less than to 200% greater than the free-field, and (2) ground-motion mean square frequency shifted by as much as 55%. Higher topographic amplification levels lead to a larger topographic zone of influence, which, on average, spanned a distance equal to the slope height (H) behind and 2H in front of (toward slope) the slope crest. Physical modeling in the centrifuge proved to be a powerful experimental technique for generating empirical data to analyze topographic effects in a systematic and repeatable manner.
NAMAZLARI BİRLEŞTİRMEYE DAİR GÜNCEL PROBLEMLERİN USUL AÇISINDAN ANALİZİ
Authors: KORKUT Ramazan
Published: June 2021

Günümüzdeki sosyo-kültürel ve teknolojik değişimlere bağlı olarak namazları birleştirme meselesi yeni bir tartışma konusuna dönüşmüştür. Bazı fakihler alışkanlık haline getirmemek şartıyla meşakkatin namazları birleştirme sebebi olabileceğini savunmuşsa da, bu görüş cumhur tarafından konuyla ilgili delillere aykırılık sebebiyle kabul edilmemiştir. Buna karşılık günümüzdeki ağır mekanik çalışma koşulları, kısa mesafeli uzun süren yolculuklar, sınav, ameliyat veya görev esnasında namazları birleştirmenin caiz olabileceği savunulmuştur. Öte yandan yolculukta sabah namazını yatsı-öğle namazıyla birleştirmenin caiz olabileceği türünden iddialar ortaya atılmıştır. Ancak bu görüş ve iddialar mevcut delillerle, cumhurun yaklaşım ve çözüm önerileriyle uyuşmamaktadır. Konuyla ilgili görüşler “meşakkat gerekçesiyle namazları birleştirme” ve “birleştirilecek namazlar” şeklinde iki başlık altında toplanmaktadır. Makalemizde öncelikle namazları birleştirme, birleştirme sebepleri ve birleştirilecek namazlarla ilgili mezhep görüşleri delilleriyle birlikte incelenecektir. Bilahare arz edilen durumlarda namazları veya yolculukta sabah namazını birleştirmenin caiz olabileceğini savunan görüşler delil açısından değerlendirilecektir. Araştırmaya konu olan problem klasik yaklaşımlardan farklı olarak usul merkezli bir yöntemle analiz edilecektir.
GELECEK NESİLLERİN İNŞASINA IŞIK TUTMASI BAKIMINDAN KUR'AN'DA BAHSİ GEÇEN EBEVEYNLER VE ÇOCUKLARINA YAKLAŞIMLARI
Authors: KAYACAN Arzu , DENİZER Nurullah
Published: June 2021

Kur’ân, yaratılış gayesine muvâfık hareket eden, geçmiş nesillerin hatalarından ders çıkararak seleflerinin yanlışlarını tekrarlamayan nesiller oluşturulmasını istemektedir. Bu özelliklere sahip nesillerin oluşması ise bireylerin içerisinde yetiştiği sosyal ortam ve ailenin niteliği ile yakından ilişkilidir. Kullarının duyuş, düşünüş, hissediş gibi her türlü biyolojik ve psikolojik durumuna vâkıf olan Allah (cc), Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de çeşitli peygamberlerin kıssaları vasıtasıyla insanlara yol göstermiştir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ebeveyn ve evlat olarak bazı peygamberlerden ve zevâttan misaller getirerek onların birbirlerine karşı takındıkları tavırlar hakkında örnek alınacak anekdotlar nakletmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de bahsi geçen ebeveynlerin çocuklarına olan yaklaşımlarına dair örnekler tahlil edilecek, bu konuda Kur’ân’ın işaret ettiği ilkeler tespit edilerek İslam’ın, sonraki nesilleri oluşturacak olan çocukların yetiştirilmesi açısından ebeveynlere biçtiği rol ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Ligands of the AMPA-subtype glutamate receptors: mechanisms of action and novel chemotypes
Authors: Radchenko E.V. , Tarakanova A.S. , Karlov D.S. , Lavrov M.I. , Palyulin V.A.
Published: June 2021

Ionotropic glutamate receptors of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype play a key role in synaptic plasticity representing one of the mechanisms for learning and memory formation. They can also serve as targets for the development of novel classes of pharmaceuticals for the treatment or substantive correction of many serious neurodegenerative and psychoneurological disorders. The search and studies of various types of AMPA receptor ligands attract considerable attention from academic organizations and pharmaceutical companies all over the world. This review mainly focuses on recent advances in this field. The architecture and operational mechanism of the receptor as well as its major binding sites and ligand types are considered. Special attention is paid to the studies of mechanisms of action and novel chemotypes of AMPA receptor agonists and competitive antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators, auxiliary protein-dependent allosteric modulators, and ion channel blockers.
Nocturnal enuresis: etiology, management and the impact on different age groups
Authors: Basaif Wedyan Salem , Alamri Atheer Marzouq , Alamri Abdualrhman Ali , Alkhudhayri Mohammed Wasel , Alamri Abdulrahman Mohammed , Alamri Abdulrahim Mohammed , Alsahn Bandar Omar , Almani Abdullah Zamil , Alayafi Mahdi Abdullah , Bosili Mohanad Jebril , Alshehri Ahmed Abdulrahman
Published: June 2021

Nocturnal enuresis or night time incontinence is a common condition that usually affects children and can be associated with significant psychological effects on the affected child if left untreated. It can be defined as night time wetting of the bed that usually occurs in children that are ≥5 years old. In this literature review, the aim was to discuss the etiology and management of nocturnal enuresis and the impact of the condition on the different age groups. Management of the underlying comorbidities, taking care of the overactive bladder and dealing with the potential psychological conditions might be the main key factors to nocturnal enuresis. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been proposed for these patients. However, the success rates of applying behavioral management approaches have been reported to be the highest as compared to other approaches. Early interventions should be applied for children that have multiple risk factors or with parents that once suffered from the condition as genetics were reported in the literature to have a significant role in the development of nocturnal enuresis. Pharmacological therapies have also been reported as effective modalities in resistant cases and desmopressin was reported to achieve a 100% success rate if used with alarm therapy. However, clinicians should care for the potential adverse events when approaching the pharmacological modalities.
SİYASİ PARTİLERİN DOĞUŞ TEORİLERİ VE KURUMSALLAŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA CUMHURİYET HALK PARTİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: EKİZ Ulaş Anıl
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) hakkında dünya çapında genel geçerliliği olan siyasi partilerin doğuş teorileri ve kurumsallaşma teorileri çerçevesinde değerlendirmelerde bulunmaktır. Bu değerlendirmeyi yaparken genel kabul görmüş siyasi partilerin doğuş teorileri ve Samuel P. Hutington tarafından bilim dünyasına kazandırılan kurumsallaşma ölçütleri kullanılmıştır. Bu değerlendirmeden önce çalışmada ilk olarak bugünün CHP’sini şekillendiren partileşme sürecine ve parti tarihine değinilmiştir. Daha sonra değerlendirme ölçütleri çalışma içerisinde örneklerle desteklenerek aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Son olarak ise belirtilen ölçütlere göre yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında elde edilen veriler sonuç bölümünde aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Adwokat – realny pomocnik czy zbędny „dodatek”
Authors: Krzywkowska Justyna
Published: June 2021

Artykuł stanowi ustosunkowanie się do pisemnej wypowiedzi ks. dra Waldemara Gałązki na temat potrzeby występowania adwokatów kościelnych w procesie o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa. Wymieniony Autor, powołując się na swoje długoletnie doświadczenie w pracy sądowej, stwierdził, że obecność adwokatów przynosi więcej szkody niż pożytku. Pogląd ten nie jest przez wszystkich akceptowany. Adwokat kościelny stanowi ważne ogniwo w dochodzeniu do prawdy obiektywnej w procesie o nieważność małżeństwa. Musi posiadać nie tylko odpowiednie wykształcenie i doświadczenie, ale także kręgosłup moralny. Sumiennie realizowane przez niego zadania wymagają dużego nakładu pracy. To, jacy adwokaci figurują na listach sądowych, zależy od biskupów diecezjalnych. Zazwyczaj przed podjęciem decyzji o zatwierdzeniu danej osoby na adwokata kościelnego biskup konsultuje się z wikariuszem sądowym. Możliwość rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej z kandydatem na adwokata, czasowa nominacja będąca niejako sprawdzeniem, czy dana osoba ma predyspozycje do tego zawodu, faktyczny udział adwokatów na dorocznych spotkaniach sądowych w ramach metropolii czy na forum ogólnopolskim, gdzie mogą wzbogacić swoją wiedzę – pozwalają z biegiem czasu wskazać te osoby, które rzeczywiście z pełnym zaangażowaniem wykonują swoje zadania.
Dissolution and Separation of Marriage and Their Effects as Envisaged by Drafts of Marriage Law in Interwar Poland
Authors: Dworas-Kulik Judyta
Published: June 2021

Rozwiązanie i rozłączenie małżeństwa oraz ich skutki w projektach prawa małżeńskiego w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

Istotą małżeństwa była stałość wspólnego pożycia małżeńskiego mająca na celu wzajemną pomoc oraz zrodzenie i wychowywanie dzieci. Podzielone społeczeństwo Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej toczyło spory wokół charakteru prawa małżeńskiego, przez co nie doszło do ujednolicenia tej gałęzi prawa w okresie międzywojennym. Konsekwencje na gruncie prawa cywilnego wywołane międzywojenną mozaiką prawną były odczuwane jeszcze w okresie Polski Ludowej. Projekt Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej ogłoszony publicznie i poddawany opinii społecznej w postaci ankiet oraz publicznych dyskusji został skrytykowany przez środowisko konserwatywne. Dwóch przedstawicieli tegoż środowiska przygotowało swoje projekty prawa małżeńskiego. Byli nimi Zygmunt Liskowski, którego projekt prawa małżeńskiego oparty na systemie wyznaniowym poparł Episkopat oraz projekt księdza Jerzego Jaglarza w dużej mierze powielający rozwiązania prawne zawarte w projekcie Karola Lutostańskiego. Z uwagi na to, że celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie instytucji rozwodu i separacji oraz ich skutków w powyższych projektach prawa małżeńskiego okresu międzywojennego, zastosowano tu przede wszystkim metodę historyczno-prawną oraz komparatystyczną.
Dopuszczenie dowodu z opinii innego biegłego w polskim postępowaniu cywilnym i karnym. Podobieństwa i różnice
Authors: Kłak Czesław Paweł
Published: June 2021

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki dopuszczenia dowodu z opinii innego biegłego w świetle kodeksu postępowania cywilnego i kodeksu postępowania karnego. W postępowaniu cywilnym nie określono przesłanek zasięgnięcia opinii innego biegłego, podczas gdy w postępowaniu karnym wyraźnie określono, kiedy dopuszczalne jest podjęcie takiej decyzji. Mimo tego, w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego zasadnie przyjęto, że sąd w postępowaniu cywilnym nie ma dowolności w powoływaniu kolejnych biegłych, a u podstaw takiej decyzji leżeć powinny racjonalne argumenty, takie jak np.: niejasność, niezupełność czy sprzeczności występujące w opiniach. Zarówno na gruncie kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, jak i na gruncie kodeksu postępowania karnego, nie ulega wątpliwości, że dopuszczenie dowodu z opinii innego biegłego nie jest dopuszczalne tylko i wyłącznie dlatego, że opinia nie przekonuje strony czy też jest dla niej niekorzystna. Dopuszczenie dowodu z opinii kolejnego biegłego jest w takim przypadku niedopuszczalne, nie znajduje bowiem żadnej podstawy normatywnej. Zdaniem Autora, przepisy proceduralne w jednakowy sposób powinny regulować kwestię dopuszczenia dowodu z opinii innego biegłego, nie ma bowiem żadnego uzasadnienia, aby inne rozwiązania obowiązywały w postępowaniu cywilnym, a inne w postępowaniu karnym. Z przepisów powinno w sposób jednoznaczny wynikać, kiedy możliwe jest dopuszczenie dowodu z opinii innego biegłego, tj. jakie są przesłanki podjęcia takiej decyzji, jak również w jakim następuje to trybie. W tej materii rozwiązanie przyjęte w kodeksie postępowania karnego jest bardziej precyzyjne, zaś przepisy kodeksu postępowania cywilnego mają charakter zbyt ogólny.
Zezwolenie sądu opiekuńczego na udzielenie małoletniemu świadczenia zdrowotnego
Authors: Lis Wojciech
Published: June 2021

Warunkiem udzielenia świadczenia zdrowotnego jest zgoda pacjenta. Podstawą jej udzielenia jest rzetelna informacja przekazana przez lekarza w sposób zrozumiały dla odbiorcy. W oparciu na przekazanych informacjach pacjent samodzielnie podejmuje decyzję o skorzystaniu ze świadczenia zdrowotnego albo odmawia skorzystania z takiej możliwości. Nie dotyczy to małoletnich, za których decyzję w tym zakresie podejmują rodzice albo inne podmioty sprawujące nad nim pieczę. W przypadku niewyrażenia zgody na udzielenie świadczenia zdrowotnego, pomimo istnienia wskazań lekarskich albo w przypadku konfliktu stanowisk podmiotów uprawnionych do jej wyrażenia, inicjatywę przejmuje sąd opiekuńczy.