bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning predicts which rivers, streams, and wetlands the Clean Water Act regulates
Authors: Greenhill Simon , Druckenmiller Hannah , Wang Sherrie , Keiser David A. , Girotto Manuela , Moore Jason K. , Yamaguchi Nobuhiro , Todeschini Alberto , Shapiro Joseph S.
Published: January 2024

We assess which waters the Clean Water Act protects and how Supreme Court and White House rules change this regulation. We train a deep learning model using aerial imagery and geophysical data to predict 150,000 jurisdictional determinations from the Army Corps of Engineers, each deciding regulation for one water resource. Under a 2006 Supreme Court ruling, the Clean Water Act protects two-thirds of US streams and more than half of wetlands; under a 2020 White House rule, it protects less than half of streams and a fourth of wetlands, implying deregulation of 690,000 stream miles, 35 million wetland acres, and 30% of waters around drinking-water sources. Our framework can support permitting, policy design, and use of machine learning in regulatory implementation problems.
Total organic carbon measurements reveal major gaps in petrochemical emissions reporting
Authors: He Megan , Ditto Jenna C. , Gardner Lexie , Machesky Jo , Hass-Mitchell Tori N. , Chen Christina , Khare Peeyush , Sahin Bugra , Fortner John D. , Plata Desiree L. , Drollette Brian D. , Hayden Katherine L. , Wentzell Jeremy J. B. , Mittermeier Richard L. , Leithead Amy , Lee Patrick , Darlington Andrea , Wren Sumi N. , Zhang Junhua , Wolde Mengistu , Moussa Samar G. , Li Shao-Meng , Liggio John , Gentner Drew R.
Published: January 2024

Anthropogenic organic carbon emissions reporting has been largely limited to subsets of chemically speciated volatile organic compounds. However, new aircraft-based measurements revealed total gas-phase organic carbon emissions that exceed oil sands industry–reported values by 1900% to over 6300%, the bulk of which was due to unaccounted-for intermediate-volatility and semivolatile organic compounds. Measured facility-wide emissions represented approximately 1% of extracted petroleum, resulting in total organic carbon emissions equivalent to that from all other sources across Canada combined. These real-world observations demonstrate total organic carbon measurements as a means of detecting unknown or underreported carbon emissions regardless of chemical features. Because reporting gaps may include hazardous, reactive, or secondary air pollutants, fully constraining the impact of anthropogenic emissions necessitates routine, comprehensive total organic carbon monitoring as an inherent check on mass closure.
Deploying blood-based cancer screening
Authors: Micalizzi Douglas S. , Sequist Lecia V. , Haber Daniel A.
Published: January 2024

AI-based risk assessment may enable personalized blood-based multicancer screening
Protein design meets biosecurity
Authors: Baker David , Church George
Published: January 2024

The power and accuracy of computational protein design have been increasing rapidly with the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. This promises to transform biotechnology, enabling advances across sustainability and medicine. DNA synthesis plays a critical role in materializing designed proteins. However, as with all major revolutionary changes, this technology is vulnerable to misuse and the production of dangerous biological agents. To enable the full benefits of this revolution while mitigating risks that may emerge, all synthetic gene sequence and synthesis data should be collected and stored in repositories that are only queried in emergencies to ensure that protein design proceeds in a safe, secure, and trustworthy manner.
Tiny fossils upend timeline of multicellular life
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Eukaryotes organized into multicellular forms 1.6 billion years ago
Europe divided on proposal to allow wolf culls
Authors: Tomma Gennaro
Published: January 2024

Farmers argue that downgrading wolf protection will spare livestock—but some scientists say culls could backfire
A novel strategy for an anti-idiotype vaccine: nanobody mimicking neutralization epitope of porcine circovirus type 2
Authors: Deng Yingying , Sheng Yamin , Zhang Guixi , Sun Yani , Wang Lei , Ji Pinpin , Zhu Jiahong , Wang Gang , Liu Baoyuan , Zhou En-Min , Cai Xuehui , Tu Yabin , Hiscox Julian A. , Stewart James P. , Mu Yang , Zhao Qin
Published: January 2024

Anti-idiotype vaccines utilize idiotype-anti-idiotype network theory, eliminating the need for external antigens as vaccine candidates. Especially for dangerous pathogens, they were safer because they did not contact the live pathogenic microorganisms. However, developing anti-idiotype vaccines with traditional monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies is complex and has a high failure rate. We present a novel, universal, simple, low-cost strategy for producing anti-idiotype vaccines with nanobody technology. Using a neutralization antibody against PCV2-Cap, a nanobody (Ab2) was successfully produced and could mimic the neutralizing epitope of PCV2-Cap. The nanobody can induce protective immune responses against PCV2 infection in mice and pigs. It highlighted that the anti-idiotype vaccine using nanobody has a very good application in the future, especially for dangerous pathogens.
ERRATUM: Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary at the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in El Kef, Tunisia: New insights from the El Kef Coring Project
Authors: Jones Heather L. , Westerhold Thomas , Birch Heather , Hull Pincelli , Negra M. Hédi , Röhl Ursula , Sepúlveda Julio , Vellekoop Johan , Whiteside Jessica H. , Alegret Laia , Henehan Michael , Robinson Libby , van Dijk Joep , Bralower Timothy
Published: January 2024

“X-ray diffraction (XRD)” rather than “X-ray fluorescence (XRF)” was printed in the captions to Figure 7, Figure 9, and Figure 10. See PDF file for details.
Erratum to: Nature of Bonds in the Formation of Water Stability of Soil Aggregates
Authors: Fedotov G. N. , Shoba S. A. , Ushkova D. A. , Gorepekin I. V. , Shvarov A. P.
Published: January 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X2306003X
Erratum to: The New Polytype Structures Pd8T3 (T = As, Sb)
Authors: Karimova O. V. , Mezhueva A. A. , Eremin N. N.
Published: January 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23060065
Erratum to: New Data on Geology and Paleogeographical Evolution of the Southern East Siberian Sea in the Quaternary
Authors: Petrov O. V. , Ryabchuk D. V. , Sergeev A. Yu. , Budanov L. M. , Zhamoida V. A. , Neevin I. A. , Taldenkova E. E. , Prishchepenko D. V. , Nosevich E. S. , Pushina Z. V. , Grigoriev A. G. , Bashirova L. D. , Ponomarenko E. P.
Published: January 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23060168
Erratum to: New Data on the Age of Magmatic Rocks in the Alpha–Mendeleev Rise (Arctic Ocean) Based on the Results of Isotope U/Pb Dating of Zircons
Authors: Skolotnev S. G. , Fedonkin M. A. , Korniychuk A. V.
Published: January 2024

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X2306017X
Tracking national neonatal transport activity and metrics using the UK Neonatal Transport Group dataset 2012–2021: a narrative review
Authors: Leslie Andrew , Harrison Catherine , Jackson Allan , Broster Susan , Clarke Eileen , Davidson Sarah L , Devon Colin , Forshaw Beverley , Philpott Alex , Tinnion Robert , Whiston Jo , Fenton Alan C , Sharkey Don
Published: January 2024

There are no internationally agreed descriptors for categories of neonatal transports which facilitate comparisons between settings. To continually review and enhance neonatal transport care we need robust categories to develop benchmarks. This review aimed to report on the development and application of key measures across a national neonatal transport service. The UK Neonatal Transport Group (UK-NTG) developed a core dataset and benchmarks for transported infants and collected annual national data. Data were reported back to teams to allow benchmarking and improvements. From 2012 to 2021, the rate of UK neonatal transfers increased from 18 to 22/1000 live births despite a falling birth rate. Neonatal transfers on nitric oxide increased until 2016 before plateauing. The proportion of transport services able to provide high frequency oscillation and servo-controlled therapeutic hypothermia increased over the study period. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen use increased, becoming the most frequently used non-invasive respiratory support mode. For infants <27 weeks of gestational age, transfers for uplift of care in the first 3 days of life have fallen from 420 (2016) to 288 (2020/2021) and for lack of neonatal capacity from 24 (2016) to 2 (2020/2021). The rate of ventilated infants completing transfer with CO2out of the benchmark range varied from 9% to 13% with marked variation between transport services’ rates of hypocapnia (0–10%) and hypercapnia with acidosis (0–9%). The development of the UK-NTG dataset supports national tracking of activity and clinical trends allowing comparison of patient-focused benchmarks across teams.
Variations in neonatal mortality of preterm infants with intraparenchymal haemorrhage in Europe: the EPICE cohort
Authors: Loth Charline , Treluyer Ludovic , Pierrat Véronique , EGO Anne , Aubert Adrien M , Debillon Thierry , Zeitlin Jennifer , Torchin Heloise , Chevallier Marie
Published: January 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate variations in mortality before neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge of infants born preterm with intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) in Europe with a special interest for withdrawing life-sustaining therapy (WLST).

Design

Secondary analysis of the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) cohort, 2011–2012.

Setting

Nineteen regions in 11 European countries.

Patients

All infants born between 24+0and 31+6weeks’ gestational age (GA) with a diagnosis of IPH.

Main outcome measures

Mortality rate with multivariable analysis after adjustment for GA, antenatal steroids and gender. WLST policies were described among NICUs and within countries.

Results

Among 6828 infants born alive between 24+0and 31+6weeks’ GA and without congenital anomalies admitted to NICUs, IPH was diagnosed in 234 infants (3.4%, 95% CI 3.3% to 3.9%) and 138 of them (59%) died. The median age at death was 6 days (3–13). Mortality rates varied significantly between countries (extremes: 30%–81%; p<0.004) and most infants (69%) died after WLST. After adjustment and with reference to the UK, mortality rates were significantly higher for France, Denmark and the Netherlands, with ORs of 8.8 (95% CI 3.3 to 23.6), 5.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 21.4) and 4.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 8.9). There were variations in WLST between European regions and countries.

Conclusion

In infants with IPH, rates of death before discharge and death after WLST varied between European countries. These variations in mortality impede studying reliable outcomes in infants with IPH across European countries and encourage reflection of clinical practices of WLST across European units.
Comprehensive look at rectal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liz-Pimenta Joana , Ferreira Cátia , Araújo Alexandra , Sousa Marta
Published: January 2024

Rectal squamous cell carcinoma (rSCC) is a rare cancer (0.5% of all rectal cancers). It typically presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Recently, chemoradiotherapy with organ preservation has become an option for complete response (CR). Surveillance is essential to prompt recognition of recurrence due to its high risk. We present a case of an elderly woman with rSCC stage cT4N1aM0 who underwent a combination of chemotherapy (mitomycin and fluoropyrimidine) and radiotherapy with CR and organ preservation. The patient has been in follow-up for 2 years with digital rectal examination, tumour markers, pelvic MRI, thoracic and upper abdominal CT, proctoscopy and positron emission tomography, with no disease recurrence. This highlights the success of chemoradiotherapy for rSCC treatment, allowing organ preservation.
An interesting case of AL amyloidosis and MM: a complex scenario with cardiac involvement
Authors: Gaba Manish , Kumar Naveen , Pandey Ankita , Dewan Arun
Published: January 2024

Our patient presented with complaints of progressive shortness of breath for 1 month. She was diagnosed with a case of infiltrative type of restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) based on echocardiography and cardiac MRI findings. Her fat pad biopsy was suggestive of AL type of amyloidosis (AL). She was diagnosed with a case of multiple myeloma (MM) based on bone marrow biopsy findings with 48% plasma cells and a skeletal survey with lytic bone lesions on the skull, thus meeting the Crab criteria. We want to highlight the complex nature of this case and the difficulties associated with making a diagnosis. This case report presents an excellent opportunity to touch on the interesting topics of RCM, amyloidosis and MM.
Additional mutation inPROKR2and phenotypic differences in a Kallmann syndrome/normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism family carryingFGFR1missense mutation
Authors: Ichioka Kentaro , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Kimura Hiroko , Saito Ryoichi
Published: January 2024

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a genetically and clinically diverse disorder encompassing Kallmann syndrome (KS) and normosmic CHH (nCHH). Although mutations in numerous genes account for nearly 50% of CHH cases, a significant portion remains genetically uncharacterized. While most mutations follow the traditional Mendelian inheritance patterns, evidence suggests oligogenic interactions between CHH genes, acting as modifier genes to explain variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance associated with certain mutations.

In this study, the proband presented with nCHH, while his son exhibited KS. We employed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the genetic differences between the two, and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the results obtained from WES.

Genetic analysis revealed that both the proband and his son harboured a mutation inFGFR1gene. Notably, an additional rare mutation inPROKR2gene was exclusively identified in the son, which suggests the cause of the phenotypic difference between KS and nCHH.
Split-brain syndrome after subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Abbuehl Lena Simone , Lippert Julian , Hakim Arsany
Published: January 2024

We present the case of a patient with extensive ischaemia of the corpus callosum (CC) including all its anatomical subdivisions, caused by a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). This resulted in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and subsequently in cerebral vasospasm. The aneurysm was coiled, the vasospasm treated with repetitive intra-arterial spasmolysis and the patient then received intensive neurorehabilitative care. The case is an example of ischaemic infarction, which happens rarely in the CC after SAH, and even more rarely affects the CC along its entire length. The case is further remarkable for the resulting nearly complete and isolated split-brain syndrome: CC disconnection syndromes are only exceptionally seen after vascular callosal damage because they are most often overshadowed by symptoms resulting from coaffected adjacent brain areas.
Incident dementia risk among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin versus alternative oral glucose-lowering therapy: an observational cohort study using UK primary healthcare records
Authors: Doran William , Tunnicliffe Louis , Muzambi Rutendo , Rentsch Christopher T , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Brayne Carol , Williams Dylan M , Chaturvedi Nish , Eastwood Sophie V , Dunachie Susanna J , Mathur Rohini , Warren-Gash Charlotte
Published: January 2024

Introduction

4.2 million individuals in the UK have type 2 diabetes, a known risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Diabetes treatment may modify this association, but existing evidence is conflicting. We therefore aimed to assess the association between metformin therapy and risk of incident all-cause dementia or MCI compared with other oral glucose-lowering therapies (GLTs).

Research design and methods

We conducted an observational cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink among UK adults diagnosed with diabetes at ≥40 years between 1990 and 2019. We used an active comparator new user design to compare risks of dementia and MCI among individuals initially prescribed metformin versus an alternative oral GLT using Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical confounders. We assessed for interaction by age and sex. Sensitivity analyses included an as-treated analysis to mitigate potential exposure misclassification.

Results

We included 211 396 individuals (median age 63 years; 42.8% female), of whom 179 333 (84.8%) initiated on metformin therapy. Over median follow-up of 5.4 years, metformin use was associated with a lower risk of dementia (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.86 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.94)) and MCI (aHR 0.92 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.99)). Metformin users aged under 80 years had a lower dementia risk (aHR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.85)), which was not observed for those aged ≥80 years (aHR 0.95 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.05)). There was no interaction with sex. The as-treated analysis showed a reduced effect size compared with the main analysis (aHR 0.90 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.98)).

Conclusions

Metformin use was associated with lower risks of incident dementia and MCI compared with alternative GLT among UK adults with diabetes. While our findings are consistent with a neuroprotective effect of metformin against dementia, further research is needed to reduce risks of confounding by indication and assess causality.
Multimodal profiling of chordoma immunity reveals distinct immune contextures
Authors: van Oost Siddh , Meijer Debora M , Ijsselsteijn Marieke E , Roelands Jessica P , van den Akker Brendy E M W , van der Breggen Ruud , Briaire-de Bruijn Inge H , van der Ploeg Manon , Wijers-Koster Pauline M , Polak Samuel B , Peul Wilco C , van der Wal Robert J P , de Miranda Noel F C C , Bovee Judith V M G
Published: January 2024

Background

Chordomas are rare cancers from the axial skeleton which present a challenging clinical management with limited treatment options due to their anatomical location. In recent years, a few clinical trials demonstrated that chordomas can respond to immunotherapy. However, an in-depth portrayal of chordoma immunity and its association with clinical parameters is still lacking.

Methods

We present a comprehensive characterization of immunological features of 76 chordomas through application of a multimodal approach. Transcriptomic profiling of 20 chordomas was performed to inform on the activity of immune-related genes through the immunologic constant of rejection (ICR) signature. Multidimensional immunophenotyping through imaging mass cytometry was applied to provide insights in the different immune contextures of 32 chordomas. T cell infiltration was further evaluated in all 76 patients by means of multispectral immunofluorescence and then associated with clinical parameters through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models as well as Kaplan-Meier estimates. Moreover, distinct expression patterns of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I were assessed by immunohistochemical staining in all 76 patients. Finally, clonal enrichment of the T cell receptor (TCR) was sought through profiling of the variable region ofTCRBlocus of 24 patients.

Results

Chordomas generally presented an immune “hot” microenvironment in comparison to other sarcomas, as indicated by the ICR transcriptional signature. We identified two distinct groups of chordomas based on T cell infiltration which were independent from clinical parameters. The highly infiltrated group was further characterized by high dendritic cell infiltration and the presence of multicellular immune aggregates in tumors, whereas low T cell infiltration was associated with lower overall cell densities of immune and stromal cells. Interestingly, patients with higher T cell infiltration displayed a more pronounced clonal enrichment of the TCR repertoire compared with those with low T cell counts. Furthermore, we observed that the majority of chordomas maintained HLA class I expression.

Conclusion

Our findings shed light on the natural immunity against chordomas through the identification of distinct immune contextures. Understanding their immune landscape could guide the development and application of immunotherapies in a tailored manner, ultimately leading to an improved clinical outcome for patients with chordoma.
ON/OFF non-motor evaluation: a new way to evaluate non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Faggianelli Florent , Witjas Tatiana , Azulay J-P , Benatru Isabelle , Hubsch Cécile , Anheim Mathieu , Moreau Caroline , Hainque Elodie , Drapier Sophie , Jarraya Béchir , Laurencin Chloé , Guehl Dominique , Hopes Lucie , Brefel-Courbon Christine , Tir Melissa , Marques Ana , Rouaud Tiphaine , Maltete David , Giordana Caroline , Baumstarck Karine , Rascol Olivier , Corvol Jean Christophe , Rolland Anne-Sophie , Devos David , Eusebio Alexandre
Published: January 2024

Background

NMF are currently poorly evaluated in therapeutic decisions. A quantification of their severity would facilitate their integration. The objective of this study was to validate an autoquestionnaire evaluating the severity of non-motor fluctuations (NMF) in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods

Patients with PD were included in presurgical situation for deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nuclei. They participated in the PREDISTIM cohort (a study evaluating the predictive factors for therapeutic response of subthalamic stimulation in PD) in 17 centres in France. Our questionnaire, resulting from previous phases of development, included 11 non-motor symptoms (NMS). Their severity ranged from 0 to 10 and was assessed in OFF and then ON-Dopa to study their fluctuations.

Results

310 patients were included, of whom 98.8% had NMS and 98.0% had NMF. Each NMS was significantly improved by L-Dopa (decrease in severity score ranging from 43.1% to 69.9%). Fatigue was the most frequent and most severe NMS. NMS were considered more bothersome than motor symptoms by 37.5% of patients in OFF-Dopa and 34.9% in ON-Dopa.

Conclusions

This is the first questionnaire allowing a real-time quantification of the severity of NMS and their fluctuation with levodopa. It was able to confirm and measure the effect of L-dopa and show differences according to the patients and the NMS. It differs from other questionnaires by its measurement at a precise moment of the severity of the NMS, allowing its use during pretherapeutic assessments.

Our questionnaire has been validated to measure the severity of NMF. It will be able to quantify the non-motor effect of anti-parkinsonian treatments and could facilitate the integration of NMF in therapeutic decisions.
Comparison of methods to identify individuals prescribed opioid analgesics for pain
Authors: Farjo Reem , Hu Hsou-Mei , Waljee Jennifer F , Englesbe Michael J , Brummett Chad M , Bicket Mark C
Published: January 2024

Introduction

While identifying opioid prescriptions in claims data has been instrumental in informing best practises, studies have not evaluated whether certain methods of identifying opioid prescriptions yield better results. We compared three common approaches to identify opioid prescriptions in large, nationally representative databases.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study, analyzing MarketScan, Optum, and Medicare claims to compare three methods of opioid classification: claims database-specific classifications, National Drug Codes (NDC) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or NDC from Overdose Prevention Engagement Network (OPEN). The primary outcome was discrimination by area under the curve (AUC), with secondary outcomes including the number of opioid prescriptions identified by experts but not identified by each method.

Results

All methods had high discrimination (AUC>0.99). For MarketScan (n=70,162,157), prescriptions that were not identified totalled 42,068 (0.06%) for the CDC list, 2,067,613 (2.9%) for database-specific categories, and 0 (0%) for the OPEN list. For Optum (n=61,554,852), opioid prescriptions not identified totalled 9,774 (0.02%) for the CDC list, 83,700 (0.14%) for database-specific categories, and 0 (0%) for the OPEN list. In Medicare claims (n=92,781,299), the number of opioid prescriptions not identified totalled 8,694 (0.01%) for the CDC file and 0 (0%) for the OPEN list.

Discussion

This analysis found that identifying opioid prescriptions using methods from CDC and OPEN were similar and superior to prespecified database-specific categories. Overall, this study shows the importance of carefully selecting the approach to identify opioid prescriptions when investigating claims data.
An investigation on the deicing potential of road salt and alternative deicers
Authors: Lawlor Mitchell , Hossain Kamal
Published: January 2024

This paper presents results of a research project completed to compare the ice-melting capabilities of environmentally friendly alternative deicers with average road salt. Tests were conducted in an environmental chamber where temperatures could be controlled to a certain degree to ensure that the test specimens were in the ideal condition for the most accurate results. There were 168 samples tested and their results were recorded and interpreted throughout this paper. The outcome of this research is based on the amount of brine solution produced during the melting tests, and the depth of ice penetrated for the penetration test. The data showed that all alternative deicers competed evenly or in some cases slightly outperformed rock salt. The results show that there is no clear preference that can be given to the materials; the preference could only be given based on factors not related to ice melting and penetration.
Dynamic theory and experimental testing in ipsilateral offset dual-motor excitation system
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Fang Pan , Xie Fang , Xiong Weiling , Ye Dingwu , Hou Yongjun , Yang Liming
Published: January 2024

This paper addresses unbalanced trajectories of dual-motor vibrating screens by proposing a dynamic theory and experimental testing. First, based on the Lagrange equation, the dynamic model of ipsilateral offset dual-motor excitation system is established. Subsequently, the steady response is worked out by solving the differential equation of motion of the vibrating body. Then, the synchronization condition and synchronization stability criterion of the system are determined employing the small parameter method and the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Numerical analysis methods are given to reveal the relationship between structural parameters and synchronization characteristics of the vibration system. Moreover, an mechanical–electric coupling model is developed to study dynamic characteristics. The results demonstrate that synchronization condition can be described with capture torque and difference of output torque between motors. The synchronization ability is enhanced by improving installation distance of the motors. Additionally, increasing angle β or decreasing angle θ of the motors is in favor of optimization of centroid trajectory; swing oscillation of the box can be controlled by adjusting the main inclination angle of motors; in such a condition, equilibrium of motion trajectory of system is enhanced. Finally, the validity method for designing vibrating screen is verified through theoretical calculations, simulation analysis, and experiments.
The role of bentonite in the repository concepts for radioactive waste in Germany: a review
Authors: Simo Eric , Herold Philipp , Jobmann Michael , Müller-Hoeppe Nina , Gruner Matthias
Published: January 2024

Irrespective of the host rock and the repository concept, bentonite plays a central role in the geological disposal of radioactive waste by serving as the main sealing element in most repository concepts. Due to its favourable chemical, hydraulic and mechanical properties, bentonite is of paramount importance in the overall safety of a repository for radioactive waste. This work gives an overview of the use of bentonite in the German repository concepts in different host rocks. Starting with the current repository safety regulations in force in Germany, the principles for the design of the engineered barrier system are described. Among them, the principle of diverse redundancy has been established as the main design principle to fulfil the requirements of the Repository Safety Ordinance. This principle allows the arrangement of different geomaterials in the design of the geotechnical barriers where bentonite plays a key role. Bentonite is used in the German repository concepts in different host rocks as either buffer, backfill and/or sealing material. In clay and in crystalline rock, highly compacted bentonite blocks are considered for the sealing of disposal boreholes and for the construction of drift seals. Processed excavated material is mixed with bentonite to backfill the remaining voids inside the repository. For the closure of shafts, bentonite as binary mixture of briquettes and powder or as equipotential sand-bentonite-segments are considered. The present work also brings to light how bentonite is used in German repository concepts. We also discuss the differences between German and international geological disposal programmes in regards to the applications of bentonite. The innovative aspect of the German approach is demonstrated through the adoption of a dual bentonite/asphalt sealing system and the implementation of equipotential segments comprising layers of sand and bentonite.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Sustainable geological disposal and containment of radioactive waste collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/radioactive
Retreat and advance subduction processes in the Yamansu–Central Tianshan arc (NW China): insights into the long-lasting accretionary orogenesis and final closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean in the southern Altaids
Authors: Wang Kai , Xiao Wenjiao , Mao Qigui , Yang He , Ji Wenhua , Abuduxun Nijiati , Sang Miao , Wang Zhihua , Li Yanguang
Published: January 2024

Subduction processes of Eastern Tianshan are crucial to understanding the mechanism of the orogenic evolution of the southern Altaids. To identify whether the tectonic setting of the Late Carboniferous or later was continuous subduction, we present a systematic study on Late Carboniferous magmatic rocks exposed continuously in time and space in the Weiya area, which were mainly derived from crustal materials with involvement of mantle-derived materials in a subduction-related setting. Our newly discovered 319 Ma A-type granites imply an extensional environment; 306 Ma diorites were derived from thickened crust. Combined with published data, we propose that rollback of the southward-subducted North Tianshan oceanic plate induced subduction retreating and tectonic extension in the Yamansu–Central Tianshan arc from 324 to 318 Ma. It was followed by advancing subduction from 315 to 301 Ma, during which the crust of the arc was thickened, and much more crustal material was involved in subduction-related magmatism. In the Early Permian, the arc was in an extensional environment followed by a change in the movement direction of the subducting plate, rather than in a post-orogenic setting. The final closure of the North Tianshan Ocean was likely completed in the Middle Triassic.

Supplementary material
: Field photographs and photomicrographs, zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data, whole-rock major and trace element data, and compiled geochronological and Lu–Hf isotopic data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7038686

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Processes of Pangea construction collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/processes-of-pangea-construction
Head3D: Complete 3D Head Generation via Tri-plane Feature Distillation
Authors: Cheng Yuhao , Yan Yichao , Zhu Wenhan , Pan Ye , Pan Bowen , Yang Xiaokang
Published: January 2024

Head generation with diverse identities is an important task in computer vision and computer graphics, widely used in multimedia applications. However, current full-head generation methods require a large number of three-dimensional (3D) scans or multi-view images to train the model, resulting in expensive data acquisition costs. To address this issue, we propose Head3D, a method to generate full 3D heads with limited multi-view images. Specifically, our approach first extracts facial priors represented by tri-planes learned in EG3D, a 3D-aware generative model, and then proposes feature distillation to deliver the 3D frontal faces within complete heads without compromising head integrity. To mitigate the domain gap between the face and head models, we present a dual-discriminator to guide the frontal and back head generation. Our model achieves cost-efficient and diverse complete head generation with photo-realistic renderings and high-quality geometry representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed Head3D, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Deep Variational Learning for 360° Adaptive Streaming
Authors: Guimard Quentin , Sassatelli Lucile , Marchetti Francesco , Becattini Federico , Seidenari Lorenzo , Bimbo Alberto Del
Published: January 2024

Prediction of head movements in immersive media is key to designing efficient streaming systems able to focus the bandwidth budget on visible areas of the content. However, most of the numerous proposals made to predict user head motion in 360° images and videos do not explicitly consider a prominent characteristic of the head motion data: its intrinsic uncertainty. In this article, we present an approach to generate multiple plausible futures of head motion in 360° videos, given a common past trajectory. To our knowledge, this is the first work that considers the problem of multiple head motion prediction for 360° video streaming. We introduce our discrete variational multiple sequence (DVMS) learning framework, which builds on deep latent variable models. We design a training procedure to obtain a flexible, lightweight stochastic prediction model compatible with sequence-to-sequence neural architectures. Experimental results on four different datasets show that DVMS outperforms competitors adapted from the self-driving domain by up to 41% on prediction horizons up to 5 s, at lower computational and memory costs. To understand how the learned features account for the motion uncertainty, we analyze the structure of the learned latent space and connect it with the physical properties of the trajectories. We also introduce a method to estimate the likelihood of each generated trajectory, enabling the integration of DVMS in a streaming system. We hence deploy an extensive evaluation of the interest of our DVMS proposal for a streaming system. To do so, we first introduce a new Python-based 360° streaming simulator that we make available to the community. On real-world user, video, and networking data, we show that predicting multiple trajectories yields higher fairness between the traces, the gains for 20–30% of the users reaching up to 10% in visual quality for the best number
K
of trajectories to generate.
Intergenerational Transmission of Ethnoracial Historical Trauma in the United States
Authors: Nagata Donna K. , Kim Jacqueline H.J. , Gone Joseph P.
Published: January 2024

Throughout time, ethnoracial groups have endured a range of traumatic experiences as historically marginalized members of the United States. The consequences of these experiences have been referred to as historical trauma (HT): a collective trauma, inflicted on a group of people who share a specific identity, that has psychological, physical, and social impacts on succeeding generations. In this review, we examine the literature on HT in relation to US ethnoracial groups by defining HT, providing a background for its development, and describing critiques of the concept. We then review the literature on HT in relation to Indigenous Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans. For each group, we address the nature of HT, the transmission of HT and its impacts, and healing strategies. We conclude with a summary of the benefits, limitations, and complexities of HT research as well as recommendations for future work in this area.
Impostor Phenomenon in Racially/Ethnically Minoritized Groups: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Cokley Kevin O. , Bernard Donte L. , Stone-Sabali Steven , Awad Germine H.
Published: January 2024

In recent years there has been a surge of research conducted on the impostor phenomenon, with approximately half of all impostor phenomenon articles being published between 2020 and 2022 and growing interest in understanding how the impostor phenomenon affects racially and ethnically minoritized individuals. Questions around intersectionality remain about how to apply the impostor phenomenon to the experiences of minoritized individuals. In this review, we revisit the historical context of the impostor phenomenon. We address issues of nomenclature and current controversies regarding whether the impostor phenomenon (a) blames the victim, (b) should be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and (c) is beneficial for individuals. In addition, we address the limitations of current research on racially and ethnically minoritized individuals, especially women of color. Finally, we conclude by discussing the need for a reconceptualized racialized impostor phenomenon as well as the need to establish new impostor phenomenon measures, conduct more quantitative research with diverse samples, and create culturally tailored interventions.
The Hidden Hydrogeosphere: The Contribution of Deep Groundwater to the Planetary Water Cycle
Authors: Sherwood Lollar Barbara , Warr Oliver , Higgins Peter M.
Published: January 2024

The canonical water cycle assumes that all water entering the subsurface to form groundwater eventually reenters the surface water cycle by discharge to lakes, streams, and oceans. Recent discoveries in groundwater dating have challenged that understanding. Here we introduce a new conceptual framework that includes the large volume of water that is estimated to account for 30–46% of the planet's groundwater but that is not yet incorporated in the traditional water cycle. This immense hidden hydrogeosphere has been overlooked to date largely because it is stored deeper in the crust, on long timescales ranging from tens of thousands to more than one billion years. Here we demonstrate why understanding of this deep, old groundwater is critical to society's energy, resource, and climate challenges as the deep hydrogeosphere is an important target for exploration for new resources of helium, hydrogen, and other elements critical to the green energy transition; is under investigation for geologic repositories for nuclear waste and for carbon sequestration; and is the biome for a deep subsurface biosphere estimated to account for a significant proportion of Earth's biomass.
▪We provide a new conceptual framework for the hidden hydrogeosphere, the 30–46% of groundwater previously unrecognized in canonical water cycles.▪Geochemico-statistical modeling groundwater age distributions allows deconvolution of timing, rates, and magnitudes of key crustal processes.▪Understanding and modeling this deep, old groundwater are critical to addressing society's energy, resource, and climate challenges.
Insect Bacteriocytes: Adaptation, Development, and Evolution
Authors: Luan Jun-Bo
Published: January 2024

Bacteriocytes are host cells specialized to harbor symbionts in certain insect taxa. The adaptation, development, and evolution of bacteriocytes underlie insect symbiosis maintenance. Bacteriocytes carry enriched host genes of insect and bacterial origin whose transcription can be regulated by microRNAs, which are involved in host–symbiont metabolic interactions. Recognition proteins of peptidoglycan, the bacterial cell wall component, and autophagy regulate symbiont abundance in bacteriocytes. Horizontally transferred genes expressed in bacteriocytes influence the metabolism of symbiont peptidoglycan, which may affect the bacteriocyte immune response against symbionts. Bacteriocytes release or transport symbionts into ovaries for symbiont vertical transmission. Bacteriocyte development and death, regulated by transcriptional factors, are variable in different insect species. The evolutionary origin of insect bacteriocytes remains unclear. Future research should elucidate bacteriocyte cell biology, the molecular interplay between bacteriocyte metabolic and immune functions, the genetic basis of bacteriocyte origin, and the coordination between bacteriocyte function and host biology in diverse symbioses.
Vector Biology and Integrated Management of Malaria Vectors in China
Authors: Zhao Tongyan , Xue Rui-De
Published: January 2024

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted by Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles lesteri, Anopheles minimus, and Anopheles dirus in China. In 2021, the disease was eliminated in China after more than 70 years of efforts implementing an integrated mosquito management strategy. This strategy comprised indoor residual spray, insecticide-treated bed nets, irrigation management, and rice–fish coculture based on an understanding of taxonomic status and ecological behaviors of vector species, in conjunction with mass drug administration and promotion of public education. However, China still faces postelimination challenges, including the importation of approximately 2,000–4,000 cases of malaria into the country each year, as well as widespread resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in An. sinensis; these challenges require long-term vector surveillance to understand the distribution, population density, and development of resistance in vector mosquitoes to prevent local epidemics caused by imported malaria cases.
Aqueous Titania Interfaces
Authors: Selloni Annabella
Published: January 2024

Water–metal oxide interfaces are central to many phenomena and applications, ranging from material corrosion and dissolution to photoelectrochemistry and bioengineering. In particular, the discovery of photocatalytic water splitting on TiO2 has motivated intensive studies of water-TiO2 interfaces for decades. So far, a broad understanding of the interaction of water vapor with several TiO2 surfaces has been obtained. However, much less is known about liquid water–TiO2 interfaces, which are more relevant to many practical applications. Probing these complex systems at the molecular level is experimentally challenging and is sometimes possible only through computational studies. This review summarizes recent advances in the atomistic understanding, mostly through computational simulations, of the structure and dynamics of interfacial water on TiO2 surfaces. The main focus is on the nature, molecular or dissociated, of water in direct contact with low-index defect-free crystalline surfaces. The hydroxyls resulting from water dissociation are essential in the photooxidation of water and critically affect the surface chemistry of TiO2.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Double Source Stack Lateral TFET-Based Gas Sensor
Authors: Mili George , Liana Zohming , Bhowmick Brinda
Published: January 2024

Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors are used recently in various roles and sectors for environmental safety as compared to other sensing technology due to its low cost, durability, longevity, and rapid sensing capability under humid condition. The current work proposes a dual stacked heterogeneous source lateral n type tunnel field-effect transistor (DSHS-nTFET) for gas sensing applications. The proposed device investigates the characteristics of the gas response. The stack source is designed to make it easier for electrons to tunnel through the tunnel barrier effectively so that the device sensitivity can be enhanced. In the device’s tunneling junction, the presence of the source stack boosts the electric field, reduces tunneling width, and then enhances the band-to-band tunneling. The gas density can be detected by modulating the work function of the metal gate present in the device. Catalytic metals used as gate contacts for this proposed double source stacking TFET design are explored for the purpose of detecting specific gases. Platinum (Pt), Cobalt (Co), Palladium (Pd), and Silver (Ag) are the metal gate electrodes utilised in this work to sense the target gases, like Carbon-mono Oxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Hydrogen (H2), and Oxygen (O2) respectively. The detection has been done by the electrodes work function variation due to the presence of gas density of the target gases. With the aid of the Sentaurus TCAD simulator, the suggested structure has been examined for a number of electrical parameters including electric field, surface potential, drain current, and numerous sensing characteristics pertaining to adsorption of gas molecules. According to the data achieved, the suggested DSHS-nTFET device displays a high Ion of 5.06 × 10−5 A/μ m, a low Ioff current of 3.76 × 10−20 A/μm, and also the Ion/Ioff ratio in the range of 1014. Furthermore, sensitivity parameters for DSHS-nTFET have also been examined and shown to be significantly improved. The sensitivity and reliability of the proposed sensor have also been investigated with respect to temperature fluctuations. It has been shown that the device is largely stable over the 200 K-400 K range.
KS-WNK1 is required for the renal response to extreme changes in potassium intake
Authors: Bahena-Lopez Jessica Paola , Vergara Laura , de la-Peña Valeria , Gutierrez-Gallardo Miguel A. , López-Ibargüen Paulina , García Janeth Alejandra , Contreras-Carbajal Héctor , Vázquez Norma , Rincón-Heredia Ruth , Masso Felipe , Bobadilla Norma A. , Castañeda-Bueno María , Ellison David H. , Gamba Gerardo , Chávez-Canales María
Published: January 2024

The findings of this study demonstrate that kidney-specific with-no-lysine kinase 1 plays a role in regulating urinary electrolyte excretion during extreme changes in potassium intake, such as those occurring in wildlife.
The apical 70-pS K+ channel in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop is a large-conductance Na+-and Cl–-activated, KNa1.1-like, channel
Authors: de Combiens Elise , Frachon Nadia , Cheval Lydie , Lourdel Stéphane , Paulais Marc
Published: January 2024

This study highlights new regulatory and conductive properties of the as yet poorly molecularly defined 70-pS K+ channel in the apical membrane of the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop cells of the mouse kidney that functionally identify it as a large-conductance, Na+- and Cl–-activated KNa1.1-like channel.