bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Locally Delivered Apocynin on Fat Graft Survival in an Experimental Rat Animal Model
Authors: Çakan Doğan , Eroğlu Sinem , Keskin Ekrem Ramazan
Published: January 2022

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of locally delivered apocynin on fat graft survival in an experimental autologous fat grafting (AFG) model created in rats. Twenty-one Wistar albino male rats were included in this study. The 0.647 g mean weight grafts were harvested from the inguinal region and transferred to the nape of every rat. The subjects were randomly separated into three groups. Saline, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and apocynin, a dose of 20 mg/kg, solutions were applied once a day for 2 weeks. After 3 months, the rats were sacrificed. The evaluation of physical measurements (weight and volume) and survival rates of the grafts for volume and weight, the viable cell count (VC) with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and histopathological parameters were done. All biophysical parameters were found to be significantly higher in the apocynin group compared with other groups (p < 0.05). In the MTT test, the saline group was normalized to 100%. According to this, DMSO and apocynin groups' means were 106 and 163%, respectively. The VC was significantly higher in the apocynin group than the other groups (p < 0.05). The VC was significantly higher in the DMSO group than in the saline group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other comparisons performed according to biophysical and histopathological parameters (p > 0.05). The locally delivered apocynin decreases fat graft volume loss in an experimental AFG model. Consequently, apocynin can be used as an effective substance to increase graft survival. The level of evidence was not available.
Thrombotic Risk Determined by Protein C Receptor (PROCR) Variants among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Manderstedt Eric , Halldén Christer , Lind-Halldén Christina , Elf Johan , Svensson Peter J. , Engström Gunnar , Melander Olle , Baras Aris , Lotta Luca A , Zöller Bengt ,   for the Regeneron Genetics Center
Published: January 2022

Background The protein C (PC) anticoagulant system has a key role in maintaining hemostatic balance. One missense (Ser219Gly) variant in the PC receptor (PROCR) was associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in genome-wide association studies.

Objectives This study aimed to determine the thrombotic risk of rare and common PROCR variants in a large population-based cohort of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods The exonic sequence of PROCR was analyzed for the Ser219Gly variant and other qualifying variants in 28,794 subjects (born 1923–1950, 60% women) without previous VTE, who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (1991–1996). Incidence of VTE was followed up until 2018. Qualifying variants were defined as loss-of-function or nonbenign (PolyPhen-2) missense variants with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) <0.1%.

Results Re-sequencing identified 36 PROCR variants in the study population (26,210 non-VTE exomes and 2,584 VTE exomes), 11 synonymous, 22 missense, and three loss-of-function variants. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the known Ser219Gly variant (rs867186) showed that homozygosity for this variant increased the risk of disease, whereas heterozygosity showed no effect. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.0). Fifteen rare variants were classified as qualifying and were included in collapsing analysis (burden test and SKAT-O). They did not contribute to risk. However, a Arg113Cys missense variant (rs146420040; MAF = 0.004) showed an increased VTE risk (HR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9).

Conclusion Homozygosity for the Ser219Gly variant and a previously identified functional PROCR variant (Arg113Cys) was associated with VTE. Other variants did not contribute to VTE.
All that Clots Is Not Blood: Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome Presenting as an Intracardiac Mass and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Cheong May Anne , Chew Kenneth Michael
Published: January 2022

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a rare and potentially fatal perioperative complication of cemented orthopaedic surgery. A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram and echocardiogram images were acquired from an 88-year-old patient who had a perioperative collapse while undergoing a revision operation for a peri-implant fracture of the right femoral neck. Findings were suggestive of an intracardiac clot connected to a saddle pulmonary artery embolus. The patient also developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Overall findings were suggestive of BCIS.
Temporal Trends in the Physical Fitness of Hong Kong Adolescents
Between 1998 and 2015
Authors: Poon Eric Tsz-Chun , Tomkinson Grant R. , Huang Wendy Yajun , Wong Stephen Heung-Sang
Published: January 2022

Low physical fitness in adolescence is linked with increased cardiometabolic risk
and early all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate temporal trends in
the physical fitness of Hong Kong adolescents aged 12–17 years between
1998 and 2015. Physical fitness (9-min run/walk, sit-ups, push-ups, and
sit-and-reach) and body size data in a total of 28,059 adolescents tested across
five population-representative surveys of Hong Kong secondary school pupils,
were reported. Temporal trends in means were estimated at the gender-age level
by best-fitting sample-weighted linear regression, with national trends
estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Overall, there
were small declines in 9-min run/walk (effect size
(ES)=−0.29 (95%CI: −0.32, −0.26)) and
sit-ups performance (ES=−0.24 (95%CI: −0.27,
−0.21)), with negligible changes in push-ups and sit-and-reach
performance. There were small concurrent increases in both mean height and body
mass, with a negligible increase in sum of skinfolds. Trends in mean physical
fitness and body size/were not always uniform across the population
distribution. The small declines in mean 9-min run/walk and sit-ups
performance for Hong Kong adolescents are suggestive of corresponding declines
in cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal/core endurance, respectively.
Increased national health promotion strategies are required to improve existing
trends.
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor in an Adult: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Bhaskar Mukesh Kumar , Meel Mukta , Mathur Kusum , Jindal Arpita , Khandelwal Mohit
Published: January 2022

Here we report a rare case of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) in a 35-year-old man, who was misdiagnosed twice as having tuberculosis meningitis and later racemose neurocysticercosis. His delayed diagnosis of DLGNT might be due to prevalence of tuberculosis in our country, similarity in magnetic resonance imaging finding of prominent leptomeningeal enhancement in different cisterns of brain, and extreme rarity of DLGNT in the adults. So, it should be differentiated clinically and radiographically from granulomatous or infectious conditions. Hence, a timely histologic diagnosis through a leptomeningeal biopsy of the brain and spinal cord in case of unusual leptomeningeal enhancement with uncertain laboratory findings is essential because cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid in DLGNT is known to be negative.
Quality of Life, Social Support, Coping Strategies, and Psychiatric Morbidity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Mattoo Surendra Kumar , Wanchu Ajay
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have greater psychological morbidity, despite that research in this area is scarce from developing countries. This study was aimed to assess the association of quality of life, social support, coping strategies, and psychological morbidity in patients with RA.

Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with RA, who were not receiving steroids or disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, were recruited through purposive sampling. Social support questionnaire, coping strategy check list, and World Health Organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered to assess social support, coping, and quality of life, respectively.

Results More than half of the patients had psychiatric disorders (60%), with depression being the commonest disorder (52.5%). Internalization coping and disease severity indicators like tender joints counts, swollen joints counts, pain, and disease activity were found as significant predictors for psychiatric disorders, while externalization coping, quality of life (all domains), and physical functions were found to protect against psychiatric morbidity.

Conclusions Coping, quality of life, disease severity, and physical functions predicted the psychiatric disorders in RA. Multipronged interventions to enhance quality of life with promoting adaptive coping and timely treatment may further improve their mental health and overall disease course.
Silver nanoplatelets prove efficient photosensitizers
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: January 2022

Silver’s unique absorptive abilities make it a productive partner when paired with semiconductors.
Bandgap engineering in TiO2/rGO 1D photonic metasurfaces as broadband solar absorber
Authors: Saurabh Yash K. , Jha Priyanka A. , Dubey Pawan K. , Jha Pardeep K. , Singh Prabhakar
Published: January 2022

Inability to use full solar energy, especially near infrared radiation (NIR: 780–1400 nm), is one of the major limitations for solar energy harvesting due to the narrow bandgap (electronic as well as photonic). In this work, we designed the 1D photonic metasurfaces of TiO2 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in an attempt to obtain broader absorption bandwidth in NIR. Further, to realize this experimentally, graphene oxide reduced TiO2 nanocomposites are synthesized using the hydrothermal method to form a quantum well. The composites are observed in the anatase phase of TiO2 with graphitic reflection, and microstructural studies that indicate the conversion of TiO2 nanoparticles into nanotubes with reduced graphene oxide intercalation forming a kind of self-assembled metasurfaces. UV–vis absorption studies indicate a significant reduction in bandgap energy; typically, the indirect bandgap reduces near to zero. The experimental and numerical simulation results suggest phonon scattering dominated free carrier absorption in NIR in the TiO2/rGO metasurface leading to wide broadband absorption (700–10 000 nm).
Mechanistic modeling of flow and heat transfer in vertical upward two-phase slug flows
Authors: Dong Chuanshuai , Qi Ronghui , Zhang Lizhi
Published: January 2022

Two-phase slug flow exhibits intrinsically stochastic and statistically periodic flow behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms of flow and heat transfer of upward two-phase slug flow is important. This paper develops a mechanistic model of flow and heat transfer for upward two-phase slug flow in vertical pipes. First, a hydrodynamic model of two-phase slug flow in regular-sized channels is developed based on the hypothesis of the slug unit cell. Each slug unit cell is hypothesized to be composed of a liquid slug and a Taylor bubble region. Second, a mechanistic heat transfer model is derived based on the hydrodynamic model. The overall heat transfer coefficient is integrated by using the local heat transfer coefficients of liquid slug and the Taylor bubble region. Third, the proposed mechanistic model is validated by the experimental void fraction, pressure drop, and two-phase heat transfer coefficient from different sources. Finally, the effect of flow geometry and parameters—such as superficial gas and liquid velocities, void fraction, slug frequency, pressure drop, and the ratio of slug length to unit cell length—on heat transfer in two-phase slug flow is comprehensively investigated. The enhancement in heat transfer in two-phase slug flow compared with that of single-phase flow can be attributed to an increase in the turbulence of the liquid due to the injection of air and a reduction in the thermal boundary layer owing to the frequent alternation between liquid slug and the Taylor bubble.
Design and simulations of a prototype nanocircuit to transmit microwave and terahertz harmonics generated with a mode-locked laser
Authors: Hagmann Mark J. , Martin Isaac
Published: January 2022

Earlier, we focused a mode-locked laser on the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. This superimposed currents at the first 200 harmonics of the laser pulse-repetition frequency on the DC tunneling current. The power at each harmonic varied inversely as the square of its frequency because the spectrum analyzer and its cable formed a low-pass filter. However, analysis suggests that in the tunneling junction, the harmonics do not decay below 45 THz. We propose to make nanocircuits to mitigate the roll-off of the output power up to 45 THz. Each nanocircuit will have an optical antenna to receive the laser radiation, field emission diodes to generate the harmonics, and filters to select the harmonics transmitted by a second antenna. Harmonics that are transmitted in a bandwidth that is proportional to the center frequency for that band have an output power proportional to the square of the center frequency because of the fixed spacing of the adjacent harmonics. Thus, these nanocircuits may provide the greatest output power at frequencies approaching 45 THz. The harmonics may be modulated by the presence of specific chemicals or other local phenomena. Thus, scanning the laser over a group of nanocircuits could be used to measure these phenomena with unprecedented resolution.
Research on time sequence prediction of the flow field structure of supersonic cascade channels in wide range based on artificial neural network
Authors: Li Yunfei , Wang Ziao , Jiang Weiyu , Xie Zongqi , Kong Chen , Chang Juntao
Published: January 2022

Accurate and comprehensive flow field prediction is indispensable for promptly monitoring the flow state of supersonic cascades. This paper proposes a time sequence prediction architecture based on the full convolutional neural network (FCNN) to predict the future flow parameters of supersonic cascades based on the wall pressure at the previous moment. Considering the complicated spatial-temporal characteristics of the time sequence prediction of flow field structures, FCNN embeds the convolution into the long short-term memory (LSTM) and replaces the fully connected layer with a convolution in the output layer. Wind tunnel experiments with different flap rotation rates were performed to obtain the dataset required for model training and verification. For pressure-to-schlieren time sequence prediction, FCNN takes the cascade wall pressure at the previous moment as input and the future schlieren of the flow field structure captured by a high-speed camera as its output. The experimental results show that FCNN can accurately predict the position of the leading edge and that the maximum relative error is less than 4.4%. Moreover, for pressure-to-pressure time sequence prediction, the bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) was used to predict the wall pressure of the cascade channel. Results show that the BiLSTM can accurately capture the nonlinear characteristics of the wall pressure changing over time. Thus, the results of this study lay a solid foundation for the subsequent determination of the stability margin of flow fields.
Optical characteristics of LaNiO3 thin films in the terahertz–infrared frequency range
Authors: Nozdrin Vadim S. , Komandin Gennadiy A. , Spektor Igor E. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Seregin Dmitry S. , Vishnevskiy Alexey S. , Vorotilov Konstantin A.
Published: January 2022

Transparent semiconducting oxides are widely used as conductive electrodes in optoelectronic devices in the near-infrared and visible ranges. However, their applications in the THz frequency range devices are limited because of the absorption by free carriers in this range and the low-frequency tail of the optical phonon modes. In this study, we investigated the optical and electrodynamic parameters of lanthanum nickelate films using contactless and nondestructive methods, including submillimeter coherent spectroscopy, terahertz pulsed spectroscopy, and infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Evidently, the film transmission deviates from the Hagen–Rubens relation by as much as 30%, and the temperature dependence of the conductivity exhibits a dominantly semiconducting behavior. A decrease in the plasma frequency of the free carriers to approximately 2000 cm−1 (0.25 eV) increases the intensity of the vibrational absorption bands of the film. Further, films with a reduced conductivity and a thickness of 100–200 nm are expected to transmit at least half of the incident radiation in the THz range. These results demonstrate the prospect of employing lanthanum nickelate films with decreased conductivity as electrode layers in optoelectronic converters in the THz frequency range.
A pedagogical extension of the one-dimensional Schrödinger’s equation to symmetric proximity effect system film sandwiches
Authors: Luke B. J. , Broussard P. R.
Published: January 2022

This study sought to use Schrödigner’s equation to model superconducting proximity effect systems of symmetric forms. As Werthamer noted [Phys. Rev. 132(6), 2440–2445 (1963)], one to one analogies between the standard superconducting proximity effect equation and the one-dimensional, time-independent Schrödinger’s equation can be made, thus allowing one to model the behavior of proximity effect systems of metallic film sandwiches by solving Schrödinger’s equation. In this project, film systems were modeled by infinite square wells with simple potentials. Schrödinger’s equation was solved for sandwiches of the form S(NS)M and N(SN)M, where S and N represent superconducting and nonsuperconducting metal films, respectively, and M is the number of repeated bilayers, or the period. A comparison of Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions was carried out in order to explore their effects. The Dirichlet type produced eigenvalues for S(NS)M and N(SN)M sandwiches that converged for increasing M, but the Neumann type produced eigenvalues for the same structures that approached two different limits as M increased. This last behavior is unexpected as it implies a dependence on the type of the film end layer.
Development of a minimizable pulsed plasma source with structure induced focusability
Authors: Tian Zunyi , Hou Zhongyu
Published: January 2022

An electron beam plasma source operated at atmospheric gases with beam energy lower than 25 keV is very challenging because the electron transmission window (ETW) is hard to balance between thermal–mechanical robustness and collisional energy loss control. In this article, based on the mechanism of secondary field emission processes, an ETW within a micro/nano-structure is prepared by microfabrication and metal-assisted chemical etching, which can endure 0.21 MPa differential pressure, and shows transmission efficiencies with 17.14%, 25.38%, and 31.97% at −6, −7, and −8 kV pulsed voltages. A novel minimized pulsed plasma source (PPS) is packaged by using this kind of ETW, which can extract low-energy electrons from 10−4 Pa vacuum into the environment of 105 Pa to produce pulsed plasma. The spatial distribution of the resulting plasma could be controlled, which shows the axial and radial spatial distributions range from 3 to 15 mm and 4 to 8 mm, respectively. The plasma has pulsed characteristics, and it is generated around 20 μs and disappears in about 200 μs. The maximum electron density of pulsed argon plasma is 8.64×1014  cm−3 at −8 kV pulsed voltage, which is in accordance with the simulation based on the diffusion-drift model of electron beam plasma. To explore the interference effect when PPS units are operated in an array model, numerical simulations of the transmission probability are compared for different cases of plasma density, and a feasible arrangement strategy is suggested.
A combination of ion beam sputtering and in situ x-ray diffraction as a method for depth-resolved phase analysis using nitrogen-implanted austenitic stainless steel as an example
Authors: Manova Darina , Schlenz Patrick , Mändl Stephan
Published: January 2022

In situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) during ion implantation or thin film deposition is a powerful method to follow the time evolution of diffusion and phase transition processes in thin films, even as the depth resolution is still dominated by the information depth of the x rays. However, in the case of sputter etching with energetic ions at moderate temperatures, where no diffusion or phase transformation processes are active, this limitation is no longer of concern. Here, thin surface layers which are removed by sputtering can be identified with a depth resolution of 25 nm or better—while information from the substrate—despite overlayers of several micrometers—is accessible. However, considerable mathematical operations are necessary to convert the time series of diffractograms measured by XRD into a depth series. In this paper, a method is highlighted describing which depth-resolved properties of thin films can be accessed using such in situ measurements during ion beam sputtering in the model system austenitic stainless steel + nitrogen: (i) the influence of concentration gradients on the peak shape and peak width for conventional XRD scans in Bragg–Brentano geometry is determined; (ii) correlations between the local nitrogen concentration and the local lattice expansion can be established; and (iii) the evolution of the scattering intensity with depth becomes accessible, thus depth-resolved information on defect densities or grain size (normal to the surface) can be extracted without resorting to transmission or scanning electron microscopy.
Temperature and time stability of process-induced strain engineering on 2D materials
Authors: Peña Tara , Azizimanesh Ahmad , Qiu Liangyu , Mukherjee Arunabh , Vamivakas A. Nick , Wu Stephen M.
Published: January 2022

Process-induced strain engineering is an effective method of crafting the strain state in 2D materials. Much like how it has been used in the fabrication of Si-based electronics, stressed thin films are deposited onto van der Waals-bonded 2D systems where relaxation of the stressor layer causes strain transfer into the 2D materials. This type of strain engineering can be used on a device-by-device level and be controlled for strain magnitude, compression or tension, uniaxiality or biaxiality, and directionality relative to crystal structure by varying film stress or geometry. One critical question in translating this technique to 2D materials is how temperature and time stable this strain engineering process is. In this work, we explore these factors through Raman spectroscopic mapping and photoluminescence spectroscopy ranging in temperatures from 293 to 4 K. It is shown that strain engineering with thin film stressors is equally persistent at all temperatures examined and time stable for a period of at least 14 months (the period of observation). These results suggest that process-induced strain engineering may be used to tune any number of interesting low-temperature properties in 2D materials and that any devices engineered in this way will have long-term stability for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and beyond.
Symmetry-dependent electronic structure transition in graphether nanoribbons
Authors: Jiang Yue , Guo Yandong , Zeng Hongli , Lin Liyan , Yan Xiaohong
Published: January 2022

Graphether, a two-dimensional oxocarbon monolayer, has attracted wide attention due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance. Armchair-edged graphether nanoribbons (AGENRs) are investigated through first-principles calculations. It is found that symmetry plays a key role in band structures, which could trigger an indirect–direct transition of the bandgap, following the odd–even parity of the nanoribbon. Furthermore, the asymmetrical electronic structure caused by edge hydrogen passivation would induce semiconducting–metallic transition. Our findings imply that the electronic structure properties of AGENRs could be modulated by symmetry, which may throw light on the band engineering of related devices and the design of heterostructures.
Analyzing magnetic nanofluid structure
Authors: Soni Urveshkumar , Desai Rucha P
Published: January 2022

Aqueous magnetic nanofluid consists of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, with a typical size of 10–12 nm. On the application of a magnetic field, these nanoparticles align heterogeneously and form a chain or chain-like structure. This structure is observed using a microscope. Although many articles report such chain or microstructure formation well, the method to identify and determine chain parameters, e.g., chain length, width, and associated counts, is scarce. Similarly, interchain or successive distance is one of the critical parameters for developing magnetic nanofluid-based devices. The work describes magnetic field-induced chain parameters (MFCP) and magnetic field-induced interchain distance (MFID), a set of developed protocols in the ImageJ software to identify and determine the (i) chain length, width, and associated counts, along with (ii) successive distance of the magnetic chains in the magnetic nanofluid. This utilizes a macro file such as MFCPji.txt and MFIDji.txt for ImageJ, which can be used on microscopic images of magnetic nanofluids without applying a magnetic field. The protocol does not require specialized scientific equipment and can be carried out using open-source software ImageJ/Fiji. The examples of microstructure formations in two different magnetic fluids (A and B) are discussed. In addition, the results of the associated weighted average chain length, chain width, number of chains, and the successive chain distance are reported. The chain parameters are helpful to determine diffraction grating angles. The MFCPji and MFIDji macros have been integrated into a macro toolset that can be configured to be run on ImageJ startup. The MFCPji and MFIDji are available from the following Uniform Resource Locator (URLs): https://github.com/urveshsoni/ImageJ-Macros and https://ruchadesailab.wordpress.com/publication/
Dynamical clustering interrupts motility-induced phase separation in chiral active Brownian particles
Authors: Ma Zhan , Ni Ran
Published: January 2022

One of the most intriguing phenomena in active matter has been the gas–liquid-like motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) observed in repulsive active particles. However, experimentally, no particle can be a perfect sphere, and the asymmetric shape, mass distribution, or catalysis coating can induce an active torque on the particle, which makes it a chiral active particle. Here, using computer simulations and dynamic mean-field theory, we demonstrate that the large enough torque of circle active Brownian particles in two dimensions generates a dynamical clustering state interrupting the conventional MIPS. Multiple clusters arise from the combination of the conventional MIPS cohesion, and the circulating current caused disintegration. The nonvanishing current in non-equilibrium steady states microscopically originates from the motility “relieved” by automatic rotation, which breaks the detailed balance at the continuum level. This suggests that no equilibrium-like phase separation theory can be constructed for chiral active colloids even with tiny active torque, in which no visible collective motion exists. This mechanism also sheds light on the understanding of dynamic clusters observed in a variety of active matter systems.
Entropy generation in a chemically and thermally reinforced doubly stratified porous enclosure in a magnetic field
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Krishna Murthy S. V. S. S. N. V. G. , Rathish Kumar B. V.
Published: January 2022

In this article, the study of chemical reaction and heat generation effects on the magnetohydrodynamic free convection in the thermal and mass stratified fluid-filled porous enclosure under the influence of cross-diffusion forces is extended to the entropy generation analysis for the design of relevant tools of engineering applications. Here, the multiphysics associated with natural convection in doubly stratified fluid containing chemically reactive square porous enclosure under uniform magnetic field furnishes novel flow dynamics modeling. Since the distinctive nature of the free convective flow mechanism is described by the complex heat and mass transfer process, the thermal investigation cannot be considered complete until the visual illustration of the transportation of heat and mass flux is provided. Therefore, the new heat flux and mass flux models are proposed for the multi-force effect on chemically reactive porous media under the effect of viscous dissipative heat generation to facilitate the directional manifestation of heat and mass flux transitions along with intensity. Additionally, the thermodynamical measures are established by the new entropy generation model and advanced Bejan number irreversibility characterization.
Reevaluation of the role of LIP-1 as an ERK/MPK-1 dual specificity phosphatase in the
C. elegans
germline
Authors: Das Debabrata , Seemann Jacob , Greenstein David , Schedl Tim , Arur Swathi
Published: January 2022

Significance

The RAS–ERK pathway is critical for metazoan development. In development, ERK activity is regulated by a balance of phosphorylation of ERK by MEK (MAPK kinase) and dephosphorylation by DUSPs (dual specificity phosphatases). LIP-1, a DUSP6/7 family member, was previously suggested to regulate MPK-1/ERK activity by dephosphorylating MPK-1 in the
Caenorhabditis elegans
germline, based on LIP-1's mutant phenotype in the germline and its DUSP role in vulval development. However, our investigations demonstrate that LIP-1 does not function as an MPK-1 DUSP in the germline and likely regulates germline functions through distinct targets. Our results present a cautionary note about misinterpreting similar mutant phenotypes caused by mutations in different genes and assuming that genes function similarly in different tissues.
B cell–derived IL-27 promotes control of persistent LCMV infection
Authors: Pratumchai Isaraphorn , Zak Jaroslav , Huang Zhe , Min Booki , Oldstone Michael B. A. , Teijaro John R.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Persistent viral infection remains a major source of global morbidity and mortality. Studies using a persistent clone of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) revealed that in addition to optimal functions and interactions of T and B cells, production of cytokines is essential in promoting long-term control of infection. Here we report that B cells are an indispensable source of IL-27 during persistent LCMV infection. B cell–derived IL-27 promotes viral control via supporting accumulations of virus-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells. During later stages of infection, B cell–derived IL-27 promotes production of IFN-γ and IL-21 by virus-specific CD4 T and Tfh cells, respectively. Our study unveils the critical role of a B cell–secreted cytokine in controlling a persistent infection.
Innovative binomial adjectives in Japanese food descriptions and beyond
Authors: Akita Kimi , Murasugi Keiko
Published: January 2022

Over the past two decades, the casual register of Japanese has developed a new class of binomial adjectives, such as fuwa-toro ‘fluffy and creamy’ and gū-kawa ‘overwhelmingly cute’. These terms are particularly common in creative, nuanced descriptions of food, fashion, and personality. This paper identifies four general constraints on the element ordering of these binomial adjectives that apply to different parts of the morphological network. Similar to mimetic (ideophonic) words, these adjectives are immediate to specific situations or sensory experiences and help us to express subjective, multimodal impressions that are otherwise inexpressible.
The threshold of productivity and the ‘irregularization’ of verbs in Early Modern English
Authors: Ringe Don , Yang Charles
Published: January 2022

This paper tests whether Yang’s Tolerance Principle (TP) is useful in explaining one type of morphological change in the history of English. We suggest that some, but not all, innovative non-default past tenses that appear in the written record between 1500 and 1700 can be explained by the TP and thus could be the results of innovation in native language acquisition (NLA).
Prepositions in Early Modern English argument structure and beyond
Authors: Zehentner Eva , Hundt Marianne
Published: January 2022

This paper is the first to use a bottom-up, corpus-based, exploratory approach to the full range of prepositions in Early Modern English argument structure. Contrary to what previous research leads us to expect, the overall token frequency of prepositions during this period decreases, and they are not always successful against the older NP-variants. Similarly, our case study challenges earlier suggestions that PP-complements are particularly frequent in second-language varieties of English. With respect to the functions taken on by PPs in the clause, however, we provide preliminary evidence that more complement-like uses increase at the expense of more adjunct-like arguments, i.e., that PPs become more important as core elements of the clause.
Shifting responsibility in passing information
Authors: Mazzon Gabriella
Published: January 2022

Within the subfield of historical pragmatics, this paper focuses on the linguistic means used for transmitting knowledge and signalling stance in a sample of Early Modern diplomatic correspondence, a text-type that, while partly codified and formulaic, shows individual variation according to topic, correspondents, and other contextual factors. Sir Thomas Bodley’s diplomatic missions in several countries produced a substantial corpus of correspondence between him and the Court. The paper examines Bodley’s strategies for the reporting and assessment of information, while conveying different levels of involvement vs. distancing. The results show that Bodley is especially cautious about the reliability of sources of the information he gathers, as is shown by the vast array of linguistic means he employs to convey his stance towards the information and its sources.
An account of the use of fronting and clefting in Cornish English
Authors: Corral Esteban Avelino
Published: January 2022

Unlike Standard English, Celtic English varieties
generally use word order shifts or special syntactic devices to give
emphasis to a specific clausal constituent. This study analyses the
frequency of use of focusing devices in a number of Cornish English stories
and compares the results with those obtained in other studies for other
Celtic English varieties. Likewise, this chapter attempts to provide an
explanation for why Cornish English shows a preference for fronting over
clefting by referring to the structure of focal constructions in Cornish.
Finally, I offer an account of the discourse-pragmatic functions of fronting
and clefting in Cornish English and compares them with those found in
Standard English to provide evidence in support of its Celtic
substratum.
Old Northumbrian in the Scottish Borders
Authors: Hough Carole
Published: January 2022

Recovering the Earliest English Language in
Scotland: Evidence from place-names (REELS) is a research
project funded for three years by The Leverhulme Trust at the University of
Glasgow: http://berwickshire-placenames.glasgow.ac.uk/. The project team
is using a place-name survey of the historical county of Berwickshire in the
Scottish Borders, the heartland of Anglo-Saxon settlement in Scotland from
the seventh to eleventh centuries, to investigate the Northumbrian dialect
of Old English and its development into Older Scots. The place-name data are
being analysed for evidence of the lexis, semantics, morphology and
phonology of Old Northumbrian, a language variety poorly attested in other
(written and epigraphic) sources. This chapter presents some discoveries
from the ongoing project, alongside a discussion of the strengths and
limitations of place-name evidence in this context.
Measuring the free energy of hard-sphere colloidal glasses
Authors: Dang Minh Triet , Gartner Luka , Schall Peter , Lerner Edan
Published: January 2022

Free energy is a key thermodynamic observable that controls the elusive physics of the glass transition. However, measuring the free energy of colloidal glasses from microscopy images is challenging due to the difficulty of measuring the individual particle size in the slightly polydisperse glassy systems. In this paper, we carry out experiments and numerical simulations of colloidal glasses with the aim to find a practical approach to measure the free energy from colloidal particles at mild polydispersity. We propose a novel method which requires only the particle coordinates from a few confocal microscopy snapshots to estimate the average particle diameter and use it as an input for our experimental free energy measurements. We verify our free energy calculations from Cell Theory with the free energy obtained by Thermodynamic Integration. The excellent agreement between the free energies measured using the two methods close to the glass transition packing fraction highlights the dominant role played by vibrational entropy in determining a colloidal glass’s free energy. Finally, the noticeable free energy difference calculated from uniform and conjectured particle sizes emphasizes the sensitivity on particle free volumes when measuring free energy in the slightly polydisperse colloidal glass.
Observation of Griffiths phase, critical exponent analysis and high magnetocaloric effect near room temperature at low magnetic field in V-doped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3
Authors: G Jagadish Kumar , Jose Ashika , Jinu E P , Saravanan T T , Senthil Kumar E , Navaneethan M , Sreemoolanadhan H , Kamala Bharathi K
Published: January 2022

We report on observation of the Griffiths phase (GP), high magnetocaloric properties at low magnetic fields and temperature-dependent critical exponents of La0.7Sr0.3V
x
Mn1−x
O3 (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) perovskite bulk materials. The Curie temperature (T
C) of pure La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LMSO) is seen to be 368.7 K and decreases toward room temperature (RT) (342.2 K) by 10 mol% V doping at the Mn site. V doping leads to an enhancement in magnetic entropy change (−ΔS
M) from 1 J kg−1 K−1to 1.41 J kg−1 K−1. V doping at a Mn site leads to the formation of GP, a magnetic disorder due to the coexistence of a paramagnetic (PM) matrix and short-range ferromagnetic (FM) clusters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of mixed-valence V4+/V5+along with Mn3+/Mn4+ ions contributing to various double exchange interactions. The natures of phase transitions and magnetic interactions are analyzed by evaluating critical exponents δ, β, and γ. All the samples show second-order FM to PM phase transition, confirmed from the modified Arrott plots and critical exponent analysis carried out using the Kouvel–Fisher method. The enhancement in magnetic entropy change along with the decrease in Curie temperature toward RT by V doping in the LMSO oxides indicates the possible application of these materials in magnetic refrigeration at low magnetic fields.
Loss of classicality in alternating spin-

12

/spin-1 chain, in the presence of next-neighbor couplings and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions
Authors: Lahiri Abhiroop , Pati Swapan K
Published: January 2022

We have considered and alternating spin-

1

2

/spin-1 chain with nearest-neighbor (NN) (J
1), next-nearest neighbor (NNN) (J
2) antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg interactions along with z-component of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) (Dz
) interaction. The Hamiltonian has been studied using (a) linear spin-wave theory and (b) density matrix renormalization group. The system had been reported earlier as a classical ferrimagnet only when NN exchange interactions are present. Both the AFM NNN interactions and DM interactions introduce strong quantum fluctuations and due to which all the signatures of ferrimagnetism vanishes. We find that the nonzero J
2 introduces strong quantum fluctuations in each of the spin sites due to which the z-components of both spin-1 and spin-1/2 sites average out to be zero. The ground state becomes a singlet. The presence of J
1 along with Dz
introduces a short range order but develops long range order along the XY plane. J
1 along with J
2 induces competing phases with structure factor showing sharp and wide peaks, at two different angles reflecting the spin spiral structure locally as well as in the underlying lattice. Interestingly, we find that the D

z
term removes the local spin spiral structure in z-direction, while developing a spiral order in the XY plane.
The acute radiation syndrome—need for updated medical guidelines
Authors: Stenke Leif , Hedman Christel , Lagergren Lindberg Marita , Lindberg Karin , Valentin Jack
Published: January 2022

The major immediate and severe medical consequences in man following exposure to high doses of ionising radiation can be summarised within the concept of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS). In a dose-dependent fashion, a multitude of organ systems can be affected by such irradiation, presenting considerable medical challenges to treating physicians. Accidents or malevolent events leading to ARS can provoke devastating effects, but they occur at a low frequency and in a highly varying manner and magnitude. Thus, it is difficult to make precise medical predictions and planning, or to draw conclusive evidence from occurred events. Therefore, knowledge from on-going continuous developments within related medical areas needs to be acknowledged and incorporated into the ARS setting, enabling the creation of evidence-based guidelines. In 2011 the World Health Organization published a first global consensus on the medical management of ARS among patients subjected to nontherapeutic radiation. During the recent decade the understanding of and capability to counteract organ damage related to radiation and other agents have improved considerably. Furthermore, legal and logistic hurdles in the process of formally approving appropriate medical countermeasures have been reduced. We believe the time is now ripe for developing an update of internationally consented medical guidelines on ARS.
First-principles identification of VI + Cui defect cluster in cuprous iodide: origin of red light photoluminescence
Authors: Liu Dingrong , Cai Zenghua , Wu Yu-Ning , Chen Shiyou
Published: January 2022

The γ-phase cuprous iodide (CuI) emerges as a promising transparent p-type semiconductor for next-generation display technology because of its wide direct band gap, intrinsic p-type conductivity, and high carrier mobility. Two main peaks are observed in its photoluminescence (PL). One is short wavelength (410–430 nm) emission, which is well attributed to the electronic transitions at Cu vacancy, whereas the other long wavelength emission (680–720 nm) has not been fully understood. In this paper, through first-principles simulations, we investigate the formation energies and emission line shapes for various defects, and discover that the intrinsic point defect cluster

V

I

+

Cu

i

2
+

is the source of the long wavelength emission. Our finding is further supported by the prediction that the defect concentration decreases dramatically as the chemical condition changes from Cu-rich to I-rich, explaining the significant reduction in the red light emission if CuI is annealed in abundant I environment.
Indirect stress and air-cavity displacement measurement of MEMS tunable VCSELs via micro-Raman and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Tingzon Philippe Martin , Husay Horace Andrew , Cabello Neil Irvin , Eslit John Jairus , Cook Kevin , Kapraun Jonas , Somintac Armando , De Leon Maria Theresa , Rosales Marc , Salvador Arnel , Chang-Hasnain Constance , Estacio Elmer
Published: January 2022

We employ micro-Raman spectroscopy to optically infer the stress experienced by the legs of a bridge-type microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) used in high contrast gratings tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). We then employ micro-photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to indirectly measure the air cavity displacement of the same MEMS structure. Results from micro-Raman showed that electrostatically actuating the MEMS with a DC bias configuration yields increasing residual stress on the endpoints of the MEMS with values reaching up to 0.8 GPa. We simulated a finite element model via Comsol Multiphysics which agrees with the trend we observed based on our micro-Raman data. Our micro-PL spectroscopy showed that change in the air cavity of the VCSEL structure resulted in a change in the full width of the PL peak emitted by the layer consisting of four pairs of distributed Bragg reflectors. The change in the full width of the PL peak was due to the change in the optical cavity induced by displacing the MEMS via externally applied bias and agrees with our transfer matrix convolution simulation. These optical characterization tools can be used for failure analysis, MEMS design improvements, and monitoring of MEMS tunable VCSEL devices for mass production and manufacturing.
Evolution of surfaces and mechanisms of contact electrification between metals and polymers
Authors: Wang Lin-Feng , Dong Yi , Hu Min-Hao , Tao Jing , Li Jin , Dai Zhen-Dong
Published: January 2022

Contact electrification (CE) is a pretty common phenomenon, but still is poorly understood. The long-standing controversy over the mechanisms of CE related to polymers is particularly intense due to their complexity. In this paper, the CE between metals and polymers is systematically studied, which shows the evolution of surfaces is accompanied by variations of CE outputs. The variations of CE charge quantity are closely related to the creep and deformation of the polymer and metal surfaces. Then the relationship between CE and polymer structures is put forward, which is essentially determined by the electronegativity of elements and the functional groups in the polymers. The effects of load and contact frequency on the CE process and outputs are also investigated, indicating the increase of CE charge quantity with load and frequency. Material transfer from polymer to metal is observed during CE while electrons transfer from metal to polymer, both of which are believed to have an influence on each other. The findings advance our understanding of the mechanism of CE between metal and polymers, and provides insights into the performance of CE-based application in various conditions, which sheds light on the design and optimization of CE-based energy harvest and self-powered sensing devices.
Ion-focused propagation of a relativistic electron beam in the self-generated plasma in atmosphere
Authors: Hao Jian-Hong , Xue Bi-Xi , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Fang , Fan Jie-Qing , Dong Zhi-Wei
Published: January 2022

It is known that ion-focused regime (IFR) can effectively suppress expansion of a relativistic electron beam (REB). Using the particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) method, we numerically investigate the propagation of an REB in neutral gas. The results demonstrate that the beam body is charge neutralization and a stable IFR can be established. As a result, the beam transverse dimensions and longitudinal velocities keep close to the initial parameters. We also calculate the charge and current neutralization factors of the REB. Combined with envelope equations, we obtain the variations of beam envelopes, which agree well with the PIC simulations. However, both the energy loss and instabilities of the REB may lead to a low transport efficiency during long-range propagation. It is proved that decreasing the initial pulse length of the REB can avoid the influence of electron avalanche. Using parts of REB pulses to build a long-distance IFR in advance can improve the beam quality of subsequent pulses. Further, a long-distance IFR may contribute to the implementation of long-range propagation of the REB in space environment.