bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol‐related trauma presentations among older teenagers
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Ball Hayley , Lau Georgina , Symons Evan , Fitzgerald Mark C
Published: November 2022

Objective

The objectives of the present study were to report the proportion of older teenagers, including the subgroup operating a motor vehicle, presenting to an adult major trauma centre after injury with a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) over a 12‐year period.

Methods

This was a registry‐based cohort study, including all patients aged 16–19 years presenting to an adult major trauma centre in Victoria, Australia from January 2008 to December 2019 and included in the trauma registry. A Poisson regression model was used to test for change in incidence of positive BAC associated trauma and summarised using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

There were 1658 patients included for analysis and alcohol was detected in 368 (22.2%; 95% CI 20.2–24.3). Most alcohol positive presentations were on weekend days (n = 207; 56.3%) and most were males (n = 307). Over the 12‐year period, there was a reduction in the incidence of older teenagers presenting with a positive BAC (IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.98; P = 0.001). Among patients presenting after trauma in the setting of operating a motor vehicle (n = 545), alcohol was detected in 80 (14.7%) with no significant change in incidence of positive BAC (IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.89–1.02; P = 0.17).

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of older teenagers included in the registry had alcohol exposure prior to trauma. Despite a modest down‐trending incidence, the need for continuing preventive measures is emphasised. In particular, preventive efforts should be targeted at male, older teenagers undertaking drinking activities on weekend days and driving motor vehicles.
Gaseous ozone treatment of chickpea grains: Effect on functional groups, thermal behavior, pasting properties, morphological features, and phytochemicals
Authors: Nickhil Chowdaiah , Mohapatra Debabandya , Kar Abhijit , Giri Saroj Kumar , Verma Uttam Singh , Muchahary Sangita
Published: November 2022

The applicability of ozone has been increased to include pulse grains because of their increased production and significance as plant‐based protein source. In many developed countries, there is a growing demand for products made from chickpeas grains. Whole chickpea grains were treated with ozone gas (500–1000 ppm) for 20–30 min. The structural, thermal, pasting properties, and phytochemicals of the ozone‐treated, as well as control samples, were evaluated. Minor structural changes in the functional groups in the protein and starch molecules were observed in the treated sample. Ozonation caused significant changes in the pasting properties such as peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and peak temperature values. Microstructure revealed a reduction in the particle sizes of chickpea powders with the severity of ozone treatment. The total flavonoids (41.35–48.94 mg QE), alkaloids (1120.24–1453.57µg/g), and xanthoprotein (0.995–1.387 µg/g) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with ozone treatment. Commercially, chickpea grains can be ozone treated for achieving desired functional characteristics in a target product.

Practical Application

Before consuming grain that has been treated with gaseous ozone, it is vitally important for all consumers to have a solid understanding of the facts presented here regarding variations in the chickpea nutritional profile. The impact of ozone treatment on functional groups, thermal behavior, pasting properties, and morphological features in chickpeas reveals vital information regarding changes occurred on macromolecules such as starch, proteins, and bioactive compounds. Since ozonation aids in extraction of health‐beneficial bioactive compounds and brings about change in the starch and protein morphology, making them more digestible, it can be highly useful in preparation of health foods.
Prevalence of violence by people living with severe mental illness against their relatives and its associated impacts: A systematic review
Authors: Wildman Emilie K. , MacManus Deirdre , Harvey Joel , Kuipers Elizabeth , Onwumere Juliana
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Violence perpetration by adults with severe mental illness (SMI) specifically towards their relatives is a sensitive topic and a largely neglected area that has consequences and implications for different stakeholders, including healthcare providers. This paper sought to systematically review the relevant literature, to identify the types and rates of violence by people with SMI against their relatives, and to develop a detailed understanding of its reported impacts.

Methods

A systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019150784), was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The review comprised searches of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL databases, supplemented by manual searches. Data from 38 papers using mixed methodologies were reviewed.

Results

Key findings highlighted that relatives experienced different types of violence, including physical, verbal, psychological, financial violence, and violence directed towards property. Different types often co‐occurred. Mothers were the group most likely to report being victims, compared with other relatives. Reported impacts of violence on relatives included mental ill health (e.g., psychological distress, post‐traumatic stress symptoms) and the deterioration, and in some cases the permanent breakdown, of family relationships and the family unit. However, relatives often continued to provide a framework of support for patients, despite risks to their own safety.

Conclusion

Findings speak to the importance of future research extending the focus beyond the identified victimised relative or perpetrator, to also consider the impacts of violence at the family‐wide level, and to improve the outcomes of families exposed to and dealing with violence by individuals living with SMI.
Pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption of permanent dentition: A new classification and a multidisciplinary study
Authors: Yüksel Halil Tolga , Türkmenoğlu Ayşegül , Çelikkol Berk , Evirgen Şehrazat , Gulsahi Kamran , Gulsahi Ayşe
Published: November 2022

The aims of this study were to develop a new classification for pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption(PIR) with different resorption areas and sizes and to compare the new classification scores among observers from different specialities and professional experience. The PIR was evaluated according to the new classification by two dentomaxillofacial radiologists and two endodontists. Information regarding the patient's age, gender, systemic diseases, the number of PIR, the affected tooth area and the size of the PIR was recorded. The new classification system showed that PIR six and seven defects were the most detected. Regarding jaw regions, the highest reliability was seen in the maxillary central teeth between observers I and IV, and maxillary premolar‐molar teeth between observers II and III. This study revealed that PIR can be found in both root and crown dentine. Professional experience and specialty and awareness of the PIR defect may affect the diagnosis.
Trial‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) versus ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT‐DSAEK)
Authors: Simons Rob W. P. , Dunker Suryan L. , Dickman Mor M. , Nuijts Rudy M. M. A. , van den Biggelaar Frank J. H. M. , Dirksen Carmen D. ,   the DMEK versus DSAEK Study Group
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasy (DMEK) versus Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (UT‐DSAEK).

Methods

A cost‐effectiveness analysis using data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial was performed. The time horizon was 12 months postoperatively. Patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy were randomized to DMEK (n = 29) or UT‐DSAEK (n = 24). Relevant resources from healthcare and societal perspectives were included in the cost analysis. Quality‐Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) were determined using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and the EuroQol EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaires. The main outcome was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER; incremental societal costs per QALY).

Results

Societal costs averaged €8851 (US$11 406) for DMEK and €8320 (US$10 722) for UT‐DSAEK. Higher costs in the DMEK group were mainly caused by higher rebubbling and regraft rates (21% and 7%, vs. 4% and 0% in the UT‐DSAEK group). HUI3 QALYs were 0.70 (DMEK) and 0.79 (UT‐DSAEK). EQ‐5D‐5L QALYs were 0.83 (DMEK) and 0.86 (UT‐DSAEK). The ICER indicated DMEK was dominated by UT‐DSAEK in both analyses. The cost‐effectiveness probability for DMEK ranged from 21% to 5% (HUI3 QALYs) and 27%–14% (EQ‐5D‐5L QALYs), assuming the maximum acceptable ICER ranged from €2500 to €80.000 (US$3222–US$103 093) per QALY.

Conclusion

The base case cost‐effectiveness analysis favoured UT‐DSAEK over DMEK, as costs of DMEK were higher while QALYs were lower. Further studies are required to assess long‐term rebubbling and regraft rates and graft survival.
Subtask analysis of process data through a predictive model
Authors: Wang Zhi , Tang Xueying , Liu Jingchen , Ying Zhiliang
Published: November 2022

Response process data collected from human–computer interactive items contain detailed information about respondents' behavioural patterns and cognitive processes. Such data are valuable sources for analysing respondents' problem‐solving strategies. However, the irregular data format and the complex structure make standard statistical tools difficult to apply. This article develops a computationally efficient method for exploratory analysis of such process data. The new approach segments a lengthy individual process into a sequence of short subprocesses to achieve complexity reduction, easy clustering and meaningful interpretation. Each subprocess is considered a subtask. The segmentation is based on sequential action predictability using a parsimonious predictive model combined with the Shannon entropy. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the new method. We use a case study of PIAAC 2012 to demonstrate how exploratory analysis for process data can be carried out with the new approach.
Effects of repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the mouse brain endocannabinoidome and gut microbiome
Authors: Inserra Antonio , Giorgini Giada , Lacroix Sebastien , Bertazzo Antonella , Choo Jocelyn , Markopolous Athanasios , Grant Emily , Abolghasemi Armita , De Gregorio Danilo , Flamand Nicolas , Rogers Geraint , Comai Stefano , Silvestri Cristoforo , Gobbi Gabriella , Di Marzo Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

Background and Purpose

Psychedelics elicit prosocial, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects via neuroplasticity, neurotransmission and neuro‐immunomodulatory mechanisms. Whether psychedelics affect the brain endocannabinoid system and its extended version, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) or the gut microbiome, remains unknown.

Experimental Approach

Adult C57BL/6N male mice were administered lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or saline for 7 days. Sociability was assessed in the direct social interaction and three chambers tests. Prefrontal cortex and hippocampal endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid‐like mediators and metabolites were quantified via high‐pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Neurotransmitter levels were assessed via HPLC‐UV/fluorescence. Gut microbiome changes were investigated by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing.

Key Results

LSD increased social preference and novelty and decreased hippocampal levels of the N‐acylethanolamines N‐linoleoylethanolamine (LEA), anandamide (N‐arachidonoylethanolamine) and N‐docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA); the monoacylglycerol 1/2‐docosahexaenoylglycerol (1/2‐DHG); the prostaglandins D2 (PGD2) and F2α (PGF2α); thromboxane 2 and kynurenine. Prefrontal eCBome mediator and metabolite levels were less affected by the treatment. LSD decreased Shannon alpha diversity of the gut microbiota, prevented the decrease in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio observed in saline‐treated mice and altered the relative abundance of the bacterial taxa Bifidobacterium, Ileibacterium, Dubosiella and Rikenellaceae RC9.

Conclusions and Implications

The prosocial effects elicited by repeated LSD administration are accompanied by alterations of hippocampal eCBome and kynurenine levels, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Modulation of the hippocampal eCBome and kynurenine pathway might represent a mechanism by which psychedelic compounds elicit prosocial effects and affect the gut microbiome.
Dental care utilization among persons with Parkinson's disease in Denmark
Authors: Baram Sara , Rosing Kasper , Bakke Merete , Karlsborg Merete , Øzhayat Esben Boeskov
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a higher prevalence of oral diseases and orofacial dysfunction, but knowledge about the use of dental care and whether their dental care needs are met is sparse. This study aimed to investigate the dental attendance and usage of dental care services of the total PD population in Denmark and compare it with a control group.

Methods

National registers were used to identify the total PD population in Denmark (n = 6874) and to obtain data on their dental care from 2015 to 2019. These data were compared with a five‐fold age‐, gender‐ and geographically matched control group without PD (n = 34 285). Register data on age, gender, civil status, educational level, income, nursing homes status and mortality were also collected and adjusted for in the analyses. The dental attendance was analysed using χ2‐test with Bonferroni correction, and the type of dental care services was analysed using negative binomial regression analysis.

Results

A significantly higher proportion of persons with PD were irregular attenders of the dental care system (21.0%), compared with the control group (16.9%). Persons with PD had a significantly higher overall usage of dental cares services. Most prominent was the high usage of treatment services, where persons with PD had a 1.50 times higher incidence rate of tooth extractions and a 1.71 times higher incidence rate of tooth fillings in the five years compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Persons with PD are more often irregular users of dental care and receive more treatment services than the control group. This indicates a need for high‐quality prophylactic initiatives to prevent high filling and tooth extraction rates. Furthermore, this knowledge can be used by clinicians and decision makers to ensure optimal dental care for persons with PD.
Heterogeneity of asthma with nasal polyposis phenotypes: A cluster analysis
Authors: Birs Isabelle , Boulay Marie‐Eve , Bertrand Mylène , Côté Andréanne , Boulet Louis‐Philippe
Published: November 2022

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) affects a significant number of asthmatic patients and is notably associated with a more difficult‐to‐control asthma and marked inflammation. We need more studies on this specific asthma phenotype and its possible subphenotypes, in order to better individualize treatments.

Aim

The aim of this study is to identify and characterize subphenotypes of asthma patients with CRSwNP using clinical, physiological and inflammatory variables.

Methods

K‐means cluster analysis was performed on 17 clinical, physiological, and inflammatory variables from 1263 patients of all asthma severity and on a subpopulation of patients with asthma and CRSwNP. Study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03694847).

Results

On the overall population, three groups were identified. Cluster T1 (n = 708) are young, have a short asthma duration and a low prevalence of CRSwNP. Cluster T2 (n = 263) have the longest asthma duration and Cluster T3 (n = 292) are older with the shortest asthma duration. Patients in Clusters T2 and T3 have similar prevalences of CRSwNP. On the subpopulation of asthma with CRSwNP, three clusters were also identified. Cluster S1 (n = 83) have mild‐to‐moderate asthma with normal lung function. Clusters S2 (N = 53) and S3 (N = 42) include patients with severe asthma and decreased lung function, but those in Cluster S2 have a longer asthma duration, whereas those Cluster S3 have late‐onset asthma.

Conclusions

Despite coexistence of asthma and CRSwNP, not all patients have the same evolution of their asthma. Different phenotypes of asthma with CRSwNP can be identified and exploration of the characteristics of these subgroups could lead to a better individualized, targeted management.
Temporal changes in functional outcomes of stapled and hand‐sewn ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Fukui Risa , Nozawa Hiroaki , Sakamoto Akira , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Ishihara Soichiro
Published: November 2022

Aim

Little is known about how ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) influences anorectal manometric data. This study aimed to clarify temporal changes in anorectal manometric data and faecal incontinence in IPAA.

Methods

We examined 32 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) undergoing restorative proctocolectomy with stapled or hand‐sewn IPAA. Maximum resting pressure (MRP) and maximum squeezing pressure (MSP) were analysed before and 1–3, 6–9, and 12–24 months after IPAA. Cleveland Clinic Florida‐Faecal Incontinence Score (CCF‐FIS) was measured 6–9 and 12–24 months after IPAA.

Results

Fourteen patients underwent stapled IPAA and 18 patients underwent hand‐sewn IPAA. MRP decreased 1–3 months after stapled IPAA (median: 42.3 mmHg vs. 60.0 mmHg at preoperative value, p = 0.039), but recovered afterwards. In hand‐sewn IPAA, the median MRP decreased to 29.5 mmHg at 1–3 months after IPAA (baseline: 64.8 mmHg, p < 0.0001), and remained unchanged thereafter. Stapled IPAA did not affect MSP; however, hand‐sewn IPAA caused a reduction in the median MSP from 191.3 mmHg to 141.3 mmHg at 1–3 months (p = 0.035), which gradually increased afterwards. The median CCFFIS was 5.5 points at 6–9 months and 2 points at 12–24 months after stapled IPAA. The score was high (11 points) at 6–9 months but decreased to 5 points at 12–24 months after hand‐sewn IPAA (p = 0.022).

Conclusion

We present time trends in functional outcomes of IPAA. MRP showed a transient decrease after stapled IPAA, whereas it remained low after hand‐sewn IPAA. CCFFIS was high only at 6–9 months after hand‐sewn IPAA.
Determining the economic costs and benefits of conservation actions: A decision support framework
Authors: White Thomas B. , Petrovan Silviu O. , Booth Hollie , Correa Roberto J. , Gatt Yasmine , Martin Philip A. , Newell Helena , Worthington Thomas A. , Sutherland William J.
Published: November 2022

The need for conservation action to be cost‐effective is widely accepted, resulting in increased interest and effort to assess effectiveness. Assessing the financial and economic costs of conservation is equally important for assessing cost‐effectiveness, yet their measurement and assessment are repeatedly identified as lacking. The healthcare sector, in contrast, has made substantial progress in identifying and including costs in decision‐making. Here, we consider what conservation can learn from this experience. We present a three‐step framework for identifying and recording the relevant economic costs and benefits of conservation interventions where the user (1) describes the costing context, (2) determines which types of cost and benefit to include, and (3) obtains values for these costs and benefits alongside metadata necessary for others to interpret the data. This framework is designed to help estimate economic costs but can also be used flexibly to record the direct costs of interventions (i.e., financial costs) and calculate financial and economic benefits. Although recording data on economic costs and benefits is deceptively complex, this framework facilitates improved recording, and indicates how collating this data could enhance the assessment of cost‐effectiveness across conservation contexts using a range of decision‐making tools.
Cardiovascular risk of urate‐lowering drugs: A study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Authors: Sawada Sono , Kajiyama Kazuhiro , Shida Haruka , Kimura Ryota , Nakazato Yuki , Iguchi Toyotaka , Oniyama Yukio , Ishiguro Chieko , Uyama Yoshiaki
Published: November 2022

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between urate‐lowering drugs and cardiovascular events, primarily focusing on the risk of febuxostat and topiroxostat when compared with allopurinol in Japan. We conducted an observational study with a cohort design using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, including new urate‐lowering drugs users between August 1, 2010, and March 31, 2018. Exposure and control groups were defined based on the first prescription of urate‐lowering drugs as follows: febuxostat or topiroxostat for exposure groups, allopurinol for the control group, and benzbromarone for the secondary control group. The primary outcome was cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of acute coronary syndrome, cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The number of patients in each exposure and control group was 1,357,671 in the febuxostat group, 83,683 in the topiroxostat group, 1,273,211 in the allopurinol group, and 258,786 in the benzbromarone group. The adjusted hazard ratios for the cardiovascular risk were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–0.98) for febuxostat and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.78–0.90) for topiroxostat groups. The benzbromarone group exhibited similar results. No increased cardiovascular risk was observed with febuxostat or topiroxostat when compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia in Japan. These results provide real‐world evidence regarding the cardiovascular risk associated with urate‐lowering drugs, indicating that no additional safety‐related regulatory actions are warranted in Japan.
Superficial GLI1‐amplified mesenchymal neoplasms: Expanding the spectrum of an emerging entity which reaches the realm of dermatopathology
Authors: Machado Isidro , Hosler Gregory A. , Traves Victor , Claramunt Reyes , Sanmartín Onofre , Santonja Carlos , Carvajal Nerea , Zazo Sandra , Requena Luis , Alfonso Vicente Sanchis , Domenech Eloisa Villaverde , Llombart‐Bosch Antonio , Bridge Julia A. , Linos Konstantinos
Published: November 2022

Mesenchymal neoplasms with GLI1 alterations (rearrangements and/or amplification) have been reported recently in several anatomic locations, which include head and neck, soft tissue, and gastrointestinal tract. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we describe the first three cases of superficial/subcutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm with GLI1 amplification. The neoplasms exhibited low‐grade cytologic features with predominant round cell morphology, glomangioma‐like areas and a rich background capillary network. There were two to three mitotic figures per 10 HPF and focal necrosis in one case. The tumors exhibited variable expression of CDK4, MDM2, STAT6, D2‐40, CD56 and cyclin D1. p16 had strong and diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in two cases. Numerous other stains were negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected GLI1, DDIT3, and CDK4 coamplification in all cases, while next generation sequencing did not detect a GLI1 gene fusion. The overall features were compatible with a GLI1‐amplified mesenchymal neoplasm. In Case 1 a new distant skin lesion appeared 1 month after the surgery exhibiting similar morphology albeit with a higher mitotic index. In Cases 2 and 3, there is no evidence of local recurrence or systemic disease after 8 years and 1 month of follow‐up, respectively. These new cases of superficial GLI1‐amplified neoplasm expand its clinical spectrum and enter the realm of dermatopathology. The combination of CDK4, cyclin D1, D2‐40, and p16 expression with variable MDM2, STAT6, CD56, and S100 immunoreactivity in a low‐grade neoplasm with round/ovoid cytomorphology resembling a vascular or adnexal neoplasm may suggest the possibility of GLI1‐amplified neoplasm.
Pure endoscopic resection versus laparoscopic assisted procedure for upper gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Perspective from a surgical endoscopist
Authors: Yip Hon Chi , Teh Jun Liang , Teoh Anthony Y. B. , Chiu Philip
Published: November 2022

Management of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has evolved significantly over the past two decades. For GIST size smaller than 5 cm, laparoscopic resection has become the current standard. To avoid postoperative gastric deformity and preserve gastric function, laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) was developed and various modifications have been reported and utilized successfully. Pure endoscopic resection techniques have also been reported at a similar period of time, which further push the boundary of incisionless surgery in managing these lesions. Both tunneling and nontunneling exposed type endoscopic full thickness resection are well described procedures for resection of small UGI GIST. In this review, a summary of these procedures is provided, and the pros and cons of each technique from the perspective of a surgical endoscopist are discussed in detail. LECS and endoscopic resection are complementary to each other. The choice of technique should be tailored to the location, morphology, and size of the target lesions, taking into account the experience of the laparoscopic surgeons and endoscopists.
Adaptive behaviour in adolescents and adults with Dravet syndrome
Authors: Lo Barco Tommaso , Offredi Francesca , Castino Eva , Proietti Jacopo , Cossu Alberto , Fiorini Elena , Fontana Elena , Cantalupo Gaetano , Dalla Bernardina Bernardo , Darra Francesca
Published: November 2022

Aim

To explore the feasibility of using an adaptive behaviour profile (ABP) assessment generated from a well‐known measure—the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS‐II)—as an instrument for outcome measures in adolescents and adults with Dravet syndrome.

Method

We administered the VABS‐II to 35 adolescents and adults with Dravet syndrome (15 males; mean age 24 years, SD 8 years, range: 12–46 years) and collected epilepsy history and neurological features at the time of assessment. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of VABS‐II raw scores and performed cluster analysis to identify different subgroups. We then explored possible relationships between clinical and epilepsy features, ABPs, and age.

Results

Most participants obtained the minimum standard scores in the various VABS‐II subdomains, while the raw score analysis outlined interindividual and intraindividual differences among skills. We found two subpopulations: one with a ‘lower’ ABP and one with a ‘higher’ ABP, corresponding respectively to individuals in whom myoclonic seizures or generalized spike‐and‐wave activity were present (‘complete phenotype’) or absent (‘incomplete phenotype’) on electroencephalography.

Interpretation

This study further delineates the natural history of Dravet syndrome. The assessment of an ABP through the VABS‐II raw score analysis provides a means by which to illustrate profiles of adaptive behaviour in adolescents and adults with Dravet syndrome but shows limitations related to poor sensitivity in measuring fine clinical details. There is a need for new and more specific tools to monitor patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

What this paper adds

Most adults with Dravet syndrome obtained the minimum standard scores in the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS‐II) subdomains.

The VABS‐II raw score analysis showed interindividual and intraindividual variability.

Individuals with myoclonic seizures and/or generalized spike‐and‐wave activity on electroencephalography showed a worse adaptive behaviour profile.
Traumatic dental injuries in high school athletes in the United States of America from 2005 to 2020
Authors: Azadani Ehsan N. , Peng Jin , Townsend Janice A. , Collins Christy L.
Published: November 2022

Background/Aim

Participation in sports activities is a source of dental injury. Despite recommendations for the use of mouthguards, athletes underutilize them. The aim of this study was to provide estimates of dental injuries, the mechanism of injuries and the utilization of mouthguards in high school sports.

Materials and Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of an existing dataset of a convenience sample of the National High School Sports‐Related Injury Surveillance Study. Data of athletic exposures, dental injuries, mouthguard usage, and mechanism of injury from the 2005/2006 to the 2019/2020 academic years were analyzed.

Results

During the study period, there were 459 dental injuries in 49,987,927 athletic exposures resulting in a dental injury rate of 0.9 per 100,000 athletic exposures (AE). Slightly more than half of the traumatic dental injuries were sustained during competition (n = 256; 55.8%) and the rest (n = 200; 43.6%) were sustained during practice. The rate of dental injury in competition was 3.6 times higher than the rate in practice (RR: 3.6, 95% CI: 3.0–4.4). Dental injuries comprised 0.4% of the total 108,574 injuries sustained by athletes. Among girls' sports, field hockey had the highest rate (3.5 per 100,000 AE) and among boys' sports, basketball (2.4 per 100,000 AE) had the highest rate of dental injury. The most common mechanism of injury was contact with another player (276; 60.4%) followed by contact with apparatus (146; 31.9%). In the majority of dental injuries (308; 75.1%), the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard when the dental injury was sustained.

Conclusions

Dental injuries were a small proportion of all injuries sustained by high school athletes. The majority of dental injuries were sustained when the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard.
Probing for depth‐gradient diversification in the riverine‐spawning Dolly Varden: Insights from a recently discovered ecomorph assemblage
Authors: Esin Evgeny V. , Melnik Nikolai O. , Pelgunova Lyubov A. , Markevich Grigorii N.
Published: November 2022

The interplay of species could affect the pathways of adaptive diversification in lacustrine fishes. For instance, sockeye salmon is highly effective in transporting biomass from the ocean to the lakes providing abundant food supply for resident dwellers. The largest Asian population of sockeye salmon (>1.5 million spawners annually) reproduces in Lake Kurile (Russia). Here we investigate the possibility of the rapid in‐lake diversification of the tributary‐spawning charr (genusSalvelinus, Salmonidae) that colonised the Lake Kurile habitats >100 m depth and gained access to decomposing sockeye carcasses and eggs. The results confirm the trifurcation of the Lake Kurile charr along with the depth gradient into three reproductively isolated morphs: anadromous Dolly Varden utilising littoral and tributary resources, the resident slope charr and the profundal charr. No feeding specialisation among the morphs was found as the lake is rich in sockeye remains irrespective of depth. Thus, the in‐depth specialisation of the charrs did not result in the archetypical tropho‐morphological adaptations described for the majority of the deep‐water species of fishes. Only the size reduction and some paedomorphic peculiarities characterise the charr permanently dwelling in the 100–300 m depth zone. The lack of morphological differences among the morphs could be explained by the short period of evolutionary diversification. The divergence event is estimated to have occurred after the close of the glacial period in the middle of Holocene, which corresponds to the time of the lake formation. A bottleneck and subsequent rapid expansion can be traced in the demographic history of the profundal morph, suggesting the possibility of modern sympatric diversification in fish without a trophic resource partitioning.
The location of intraparenchymal bleeding determines functional outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lindner Anna , Kunst Stefan , Ianosi Bogdan‐Andrei , Rass Verena , Schiefecker Alois Josef , Kofler Mario , Limmert Victoria , Grams Astrid E. , Pfausler Bettina , Beer Ronny , Thomé Claudius , Helbok Raimund
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

Non‐traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. A higher blood burden and the presence of intraparenchymal extension of the bleeding (intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH]) are well known predictors of poor outcome. Only few studies have addressed the role of hematoma location on patient's functional outcome. The main aims were to compare clinical and radiographic characteristics between SAH patients with and without ICH and to compare different ICH localizations in relation to long‐term functional outcome.

Methods

We prospectively collected data on 280 consecutive SAH patients (aneurysmal and non‐aneurysmal) admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 2010 and 2017 and assessed the initial computed tomography scans of the brain acquired after intensive care unit admission. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >2, 3 months after SAH. We used multivariable logistic linear regression to investigate associations between ICH location and clinical variables as well as functional outcome.

Results

Intraparenchymal extension of the hemorrhage was observed in 59/280 patients (21%). The median (interquartile range) ICH volume was 11.3 (4.9–16.2) ml and the location was supratentorial in 55/59 patients (93%). Most parenchymal hemorrhages were located in the frontal (n = 24.41%) and temporal lobes (n = 12.21%), followed by insular ICH (n = 7.12%), corpus callosum (n = 6.10%), parietal (n = 2.3%) and occipital locations (n = 2.3%). Among SAH patients with ICH, those with lesions located in the corpus callosum (n = 6/59) had a significantly higher risk of 3‐month poor functional outcome in comparison to all other ICH locations, even after adjusting for Hunt and Hess grade and age (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 50.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2004.2, p = 0.034). These results remained robust when comparing the whole SAH cohort (adjOR 21.7, 95% CI 1.4–347.8, p = 0.030). 

Conclusions

Intraparenchymal bleeding in patients with non‐traumatic SAH, in particular that involving the corpus callosum, strongly predicts functional outcome.
Factors influencing sensitivity of a rapid influenza diagnostic test in a community‐based population of kindergarten through 12th‐grade students: Wisconsin 2015–2020
Authors: Bell Cristalyne , Birstler Jennifer , Goss Maureen D. , Temte Emily , Barlow Shari , Chen Guanhua , Uzicanin Amra , Temte Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) have variable sensitivity. In a community‐based population of kindergarten through 12th‐grade (K‐12) students, we assessed factors that may influence RIDT performance using 2368 paired results from Sofia® influenza A + B fluorescent immunoassay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). RIDT sensitivity and specificity were 76.1% (95% CI: 72.8–79.1) and 97.2% (96.2–97.9), respectively. Factors associated with sensitivity included runny nose (OR = 3.0, p < 0.001), nasal congestion (1.59, p = 0.045), days from symptom onset (per day; 0.75; p < 0.001), myalgia (0.61; p = 0.014), age (per 5 years; 0.55; p = 0.001), and detection of another virus (0.50; p = 0.043). Understanding these factors can aid in interpreting negative results.
A comparison between different suture techniques in lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Mostofi Keyvan , Peyravi Morad , Shirbacheh Ali , Shirbache Kamran
Published: November 2022

As a result of solicited muscles, strong friction, and tensile force on cutaneous tissue, the difference in closure procedure and management strategies and complications of surgical incision healing is a real challenge in lumbar spine surgery. We performed a retrospective study to compare different types of wound closure in lumbar spine surgery. 4383 patients were included in this study. Wound dehiscence was more common in the intracutaneous suture group than in the far‐ near‐near‐far suture group. Delayed wound healing occurred more in the far‐near near‐far suture group than intracutaneous suture group. Also, the far‐near near‐far interrupted point suture group showed a higher ratio of delayed wound healing compared with crossover suture. The superficial wound infection rate was roughly the same in all types of sutures with an average value of 0.79% with 0.81% SD. This is a preliminary study to compare different types of operative wounds showing the pros and cons related to each option.
Clinical relevance of the blanking period on late recurrence after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Silva Mariana R. , Silva Gualter S. , Fernandes Sara , Almeida João , Fonseca Paulo , Oliveira Marco , Gonçalves Helena , Saraiva Francisca , Barros António S. , Teixeira Pedro G. , Lopes Ricardo L. , Sampaio Francisco , Diaz Sílvia O. , Primo João , Fontes‐Carvalho Ricardo
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) within the blanking period after catheter ablation (CA) is traditionally classified as a transient and benign event. However, recent findings suggest that early recurrence (ER) is associated with late recurrence (LR), challenging the predefined “blanking period”. We aimed to determine the clinical and procedural predictors of ER and LR after CA and establish the risk of LR in patients who experience ER.

Methods and Results

Retrospective single‐centre study including all patients who underwent a first procedure of AF CA between 2017 and 2019. ER was defined as any recurrence of AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia >30 s within 90 days after CA and LR as any recurrence after 90 days of CA. A total of 399 patients were included, 37% women, median age of 58 years [49‐66] and 77% had paroxysmal AF. Median follow‐up was 33 months (from 13 to 61). ER after CA was present in 14% of the patients, and LR was reported in 32%. Among patients who experienced ER, 84% also had LR (p < .001). Patients with ER had a higher prevalence of moderate/severe valvular heart disease, persistent AF, previous electrical cardioversion, a larger left atrium, higher coronary artery calcium score, and higher rates of intraprocedural electrical cardioversion and cardiac fibrosis on eletroanatomical mapping compared with patients without ER. After covariate adjustment, ER and female sex were defined as independent predictors of LR (hazard ratio [HR] 4.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99–7.35; p < .001 and HR 2.73; 95% CI, 1.47–5.10; p = .002, respectively).

Conclusion

The risk of LR after an index procedure of CA was significantly higher in patients with ER (five‐fold increased risk). These results support the imperative need to clarify the clinical role of the blanking period.
Ferroptosis in tumor immunity and therapy
Authors: Gong Chuandong , Ji Qiankun , Wu Miaojing , Tu Zewei , Lei Kunjian , Luo Min , Liu Junzhe , Lin Li , Li Kuangxun , Li Jingying , Huang Kai , Zhu Xingen
Published: November 2022

Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death (RCD), and it plays an important role in the occurrence of diseases, especially the development of tumors. Ferroptosis of tumor cells affects the antitumor immunity and the immune response to treatment to varying degrees. Ferroptosis also plays a key role in immune cells. This review outlines the mechanism of the immune‐related effects of ferroptosis pathways in tumor progression and treatment, and it discusses potential methods for improving antitumor immunity and enhancing the efficacy of current cancer treatments by targeting ferroptosis.
Genetic characteristics and growth patterns of the hybrid grouper derived from the hybridization of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (female) × Epinephelus polyphekadion (male)
Authors: Cao Liu , Chen Pan , Hou Xingrong , Ma Jun , Yang Ning , Xu Yanping , Zhang Yanjin , Zhao Anqi , Zhang Jiyuan , Li Xinyu , Huang Hai
Published: November 2022

Hybridization is one of the primary methods used to cultivate farmed grouper species. The hybrid grouper derived from crossing Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀) and E. polyphekadion (♂) exhibits growth superiority over its parents. The genetic characteristics and growth patterns of the hybrid grouper have not yet been defined. This study confirms the ploidy level of the hybrid grouper (2n = 48) using chromosome count analysis and flow cytometry. The 5S rDNA family was used to evaluate genetic diversity. Only one 5S class (~400 bp) was detected in the hybrid grouper, which could be used to distinguish between two different types based on nucleotide sequences, likely representing homologous unit classes from the female and male parental species. Growth patterns of 5–8‐month‐old hybrid groupers were also monitored. In this phase, a positive allometric growth pattern in body mass with total length was found. Body height and body mass were significantly correlated based on correlation and path coefficient, suggesting that body height could serve as an excellent index to increase body mass. These results aid our understanding of the genetic evolution of the hybrid grouper and inform the development of improved rearing techniques.
Trends in post‐acute care and outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for heart failure between 2008 and 2015
Authors: Keeney Tamra , Lake Derek , Varma Hiren , Resnik Linda , Teno Joan M. , Grabowski David C. , Gozalo Pedro
Published: November 2022

Background

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among older adults in the United States and results in high rates of post‐acute care (PAC) utilization. Federal policies have focused on shifting PAC to less intensive settings and reducing length of stay to lower spending. This study evaluates the impact of policy changes on PAC use among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with HF between 2008 and 2015 by (1) characterizing trends in PAC use and cost and (2) evaluating changes in readmission, mortality, and days in the community, overall and by frailty.

Methods

Annual cross‐section prospective cohorts of all HF admissions between 1/1/2008 and 9/30/2015 among a 20% random sample of all Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries (n = 718,737). The Claims‐based Frailty Index (CFI) was used to classify frailty status. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate trends in first discharge location, readmissions, mortality, days alive in the community, and costs; overall and by frailty status.

Results

Frailty was prevalent among HF patients: 54.1% were prefrail, 37.0% mildly frail, and 6.9% moderate to severely frail. Between 2008 and 2015, almost 4% more HF beneficiaries received PAC, with most of the increase concentrated in skilled nursing facilities (SNF) (+2.3%) and home health agencies (HHA) (+1.1%), and PAC cost increased by $123 (3.5%). Over the 180‐days follow‐up after hospitalization, hospital readmissions decreased significantly (−3.4% at 30‐day; −6.3% at 180‐day), days alive in the community increased (+1.5), and 180‐day Medicare costs declined $2948 (−18.7%) without negative impact in mortality (except a minor increase in the pre‐frail group). Gains were greatest among the frailest patients.

Conclusions

Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with HF spent more time in the community and experienced lower rehospitalization rates at lower cost without significant increases in mortality. However, important opportunities remain to optimize care for frail older adults hospitalized with HF.
Premenstrual disorders: Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Authors: Takeda Takashi
Published: November 2022

Recently, the term premenstrual disorders (PMDs), which includes premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder as a continuum, has been proposed. Although the precise etiology of PMDs remains unknown, the involvement of hormonal fluctuations is clear. The brain transmitters, serotonin and γ‐amino butyric acid, also seem to be involved. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and oral contraceptives are the current mainstay of treatment, but these are insufficient. Even the currently used prospective two‐period symptom diary is not widely used in actual clinical practice, creating a major problem of discrepancy between research and clinical practice. In this review, I would like to outline the latest information and problems in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of PMDs, with an emphasis on promising new therapies.
Impact of Message Construal, Temporal Distance, and Construal Level on Potential Philanthropic Supporters' Intentions to Donate
Authors: Kao Danny Tengti , Yu Annie Pei‐I , Lee Chao‐Feng
Published: November 2022

While individuals' construal level has been extensively investigated in the field of traditional psychology literature, theoretical concerns of the impacts of construal level on philanthropic supporters' intentions to donate is promising but underdeveloped. This paper extends the limited attention given to charitable organizations. Specifically, this research further focuses on whether message construal and temporal distance have moderating effects on the impact of philanthropic supporters' construal level on their intention to donate. Results show that for low‐level and high‐level construal individuals, charitable appeals characterized by message construal (time vs. money) and temporal distance (proximal vs. distant) will elicit differential intentions to donate. Findings of this research have practical implications for charitable organizations.
Children's and adolescent's narratives about pain and negative experiences in diabetes treatment
Authors: Göthesson Johanna , Håkansson Linnéa , Olinder Anna Lindholm , Hanberger Lena , Mörelius Evalotte , Nilsson Stefan , Forsner Maria
Published: November 2022

Pain and fear associated with needle procedures have been found to be more common among children and adolescents treated for type 1 diabetes (T1D) than among others in their age group. Furthermore, high glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values are associated with needle‐related fear.

Aim

To describe negative experiences of needle procedures in childhood diabetes treatment from children's and adolescents' own perspectives.

Methods

Short written narratives (n = 83) and drawings (n = 2) from children and adolescents treated for T1D, aged 7–18 years, were subjected to inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results

Negative experiences with needle procedures had many facets, such as pain and fear, changing over time and affecting everyday life. All kinds of needle procedures caused difficulties, but venipunctures were described as the worst.

Conclusion

All needle procedures involved in diabetes treatment are potentially experienced as creating pain and fear, but the negative experiences are multifaceted and vary between individuals. These experiences create suffering for children and adolescents, and influence their daily lives. Besides finding techniques to decrease the number of needle procedures in the treatment, research should focus on implementing methods to decrease pain, fear, and other negative experiences as well as to promote self‐coping. This is urgent, since needle‐related fear has an impact on glycaemic control and therefore increases the risk of long‐term complications.

Clinical Implications

When caring for children and adolescents with diabetes, their previous experiences with needle procedures need to be considered.