bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situação atual da tuberculose no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: perfil epidemiológico dos afetados
Authors: Leão Marcos Lorran Paranhos , Soares Lucas Delboni , Cardoso Bruno Sutani Barros , Viana Amanda Carla Corrêa , Silva Luan Nilton da , Salomé Túlio Máximo , Silva Vitória Maria Santos , Gomes Marília Maria Alves , Magalhães Lucas Goulart , Albuquerque Joyce Carneiro
Published: March 2021

A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa transmitida pelo ar causada por organismos do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Embora primariamente um patógeno pulmonar, esse agente infeccioso pode causar doenças em quase todas as partes do corpo, alterando a morfologia e função de tecidos e órgãos hospedeiros. Essa doença é a principal causa de morte por uma infecção em adultos no mundo. O Brasil apresentou mais de 91 mil casos de tuberculose em 2019, desses, cerca de 24,8 mil foram diagnosticados na região Nordeste e, desse valor, 24,8% correspondem ao estado de Pernambuco. Assim, devido ao caráter plural da infecção pelo Mycobacterium e ao elevado número de casos relatados em Pernambuco, no ano de 2019, é importante que o perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose, nesse estado, seja traçado. Assim, este visa analisar os últimos dados públicos dos casos diagnosticados de tuberculose e traçar um perfil epidemiológico da doença no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, feita a partir da retirada de informações do site oficial do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - SINAN, acerca dos diagnósticos de tuberculose (TB) em Pernambuco (PE), Brasil. Após a análise dos dados, se evidenciou que o sexo masculino é prevalente, com 70,3% das notificações. Levando em conta a faixa etária, a TB é prevalente de 20 a 29 anos (25,4%) e menor de 1 a 5 anos (0,7%). Com relação à escolaridade, a enfermidade aparece mais em pessoas de 5° a 8° série incompleta (14,1%) e menor naquelas que têm ensino superior incompleto (1,2%). Já, com relação à raça, prevalece mais em pardos (59%) e menos em indígenas (0,4%). Levantando o tipo de entrada, prevaleceu o de número de casos novos (74,9%). Quando não se apresenta no pulmão, a doença é, prioritariamente, ganglionar periférica (5,4%). A TB apresenta diagnóstico laboratorial em 55,1%. A baciloscopia de segundo e sexto mês são negativas em 20,5% e 12,1% dos casos, respectivamente. O índice de coinfecção com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana é de 11,1%. Por fim, a situação de encerramento é, majoritariamente, a cura (34,9%). É necessário destacar que este estudo se limitou a analisar os dados disponíveis no site do SINAN, e, algumas dessas informações apresentaram grande número de dados ignorados/brancos, não aplicados ou não realizados podendo causar um déficit nas análises.
An evaluation design for comparing netflow based network anomaly detection systems using synthetic malicious traffic
Authors: Bardhan Shuvo , Hatada Mitsuhiro , Filliben James , Montgomery Douglas , Jia Alexander
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we present a procedure to evaluate and compare multiple netflow based network anomaly detection (NF-NAD) systems based on accuracy of detection and mean time of detection. Conventionally, different variations of benign or normal traffic have been used to evaluate NF-NAD systems. Here we showcase a methodology where benign traffic is constant through the entirety of the experiment. We create different variations of synthetic malicious traffic to evaluate and compare NF-NAD systems. A two-phase approach is used to measure the accuracy and learning capability of the NF-NAD system. We have created a designed experiment (having factors, levels and design points) to showcase our methodology.
Marketing sensorial: comunicación a través de los sentidos
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: March 2021

Ante la saturación publicitaria a la que estamos sometidos como consumidores, el marketing sensorial (o multinsensorial) busca la diferenciación, creando experiencias a través de la vista, el oído, el gusto, el tacto y el olfato; asociándolas a un producto. En última instancia, persigue convertir el acto de compra en una experiencia agradable y provocar un recuerdo positivo y perdurable en el consumidor.
Inteligencia territorial: iniciativas y modelos
Authors: Ortoll Eva
Published: March 2021

El desarrollo de un territorio depende de varios factores y variables, la información y el conocimiento generado en él juegan un papel relevante. Hacer uso de este conocimiento y de esta información, mediante la coordinación de los actores que trabajan y participan en una misma región, se ha venido a denominar inteligencia territorial (IT). Aunque la IT engloba más aspectos que la gestión de información, esta es una de sus piedras angulares.
Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing
Authors: Szigeti Balázs , Kartner Laura , Blemings Allan , Rosas Fernando , Feilding Amanda , Nutt David J , Carhart-Harris Robin L , Erritzoe David
Published: March 2021

Microdosing is the practice of regularly using low doses of psychedelic drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that microdosing enhances well-being and cognition; however, such accounts are potentially biased by the placebo effect. This study used a ‘self-blinding’ citizen science initiative, where participants were given online instructions on how to incorporate placebo control into their microdosing routine without clinical supervision. The study was completed by 191 participants, making it the largest placebo-controlled trial on psychedelics to-date. All psychological outcomes improved significantly from baseline to after the 4 weeks long dose period for the microdose group; however, the placebo group also improved and no significant between-groups differences were observed. Acute (emotional state, drug intensity, mood, energy, and creativity) and post-acute (anxiety) scales showed small, but significant microdose vs. placebo differences; however, these results can be explained by participants breaking blind. The findings suggest that anecdotal benefits of microdosing can be explained by the placebo effect.
Asking questions of psychedelic microdosing
Authors: Cameron Lindsay P
Published: March 2021

A citizen science approach to research has shown that the improvements in mood and cognition associated with psychedelic microdosing are likely due to a placebo effect.
Adsorption of phenol over bio-based silica/calcium carbonate (CS-SiO2/CaCO3) nanocomposite synthesized from waste eggshells and rice husks
Authors: Bwatanglang Ibrahim Birma , Magili Samuel T. , Kaigamma Iliya
Published: March 2021

A bio-based Silica/Calcium Carbonate (CS–SiO2/CaCO3) nanocomposite was synthesized in this study using waste eggshells (ES) and rice husks (RH). The adsorbents (ESCaCO3, RHSiO2and, CS-SiO2/CaCO3) characterized using XRD show crystallinity associated with the calcite and quartz phase. The FTIR of ESCaCO3shows the CO−23group of CaCO3,while the spectra of RHSiO2 majorly show the siloxane bonds (Si–O–Si) in addition to the asymmetric and symmetric bending mode of SiO2. The spectra for Chitosan (CS) show peaks corresponding to the C=O vibration mode of amides, C–N stretching, and C–O stretching. The CS–SiO2/CaCO3nanocomposite shows the spectra pattern associated with ESCaCO3and RHSiO2.The FESEM micrograph shows a near monodispersed and spherical CS–SiO2/CaCO3nanocomposite morphology, with an average size distribution of 32.15 ± 6.20 nm. The corresponding EDX showed the representative peaks for Ca, C, Si, and O. The highest removal efficiency of phenol over the adsorbents was observed over CS–SiO2/CaCO3nanocomposite compared to other adsorbents. Adsorbing 84–89% of phenol in 60–90 min at a pH of 5.4, and a dose of 0.15 g in 20 ml of 25 mg/L phenol concentration. The result of the kinetic model shows the adsorption processes to be best described by pseudo-second-order. The highest correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99 was observed in CS-SiO2/CaCO3nanocomposite, followed by RHSiO2and ESCaCO3. The result shows the equilibrium data for all the adsorbents fitting well to the Langmuir isotherm model, and follow the trend CS-SiO2/CaCO3> ESCaCO3> RHSiO2. The Langmuir equation and Freundlich model in this study show a higher correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9912 and 0.9905) for phenol adsorption onto the CS–SiO2/CaCO3nanocomposite with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 14.06 mg/g compared to RHSiO2(10.64 mg/g) and ESCaCO3(10.33 mg/g). The results suggest good monolayer coverage on the adsorbent’s surface (Langmuir) and heterogeneous surfaces with available binding sites (Freundlich).
Residual dynamics and dietary exposure risk of dimethoate and its metabolite in greenhouse celery
Authors: Guo Chunjing , Li Guang , Lin Qiujun , Wu Xianxin , Wang Jianzhong
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to explore the residual dynamics and dietary risk of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in celery. Celery was sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at either a low concentration of 600 g a.i./ha or a high concentration of 900 g a.i./ha. Plants in the seedling, transplanting, or middle growth stages were sprayed once, and the samples were collected 90 days after transplantation. Plants in the harvesting stage were sprayed two or three times. The samples were collected on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after the last pesticide application. The dimethoate and omethoate compounds were extracted from the celery samples using acetonitrile, and their concentrations were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Also, the dietary risk assessments of dimethoate and omethoate were conducted in various populations and on different foods in China. The metabolism led to the formation of omethoate from dimethoate in the celery. The degradation dynamics of dimethoate and total residues in greenhouse celery followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-lives of the compounds were 2.42 days and 2.92 days, respectively. The celery which received one application during the harvesting stage had a final residue of dimethoate after 14 days, which was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) 0.5 mg kg−1 for Chinese celery. The final deposition of the metabolite omethoate after 28 days was less than the maximum residue limit of 0.02 mg kg−1 for Chinese celery. Furthermore, the risk quotients of dimethoate in celery were less than 1; therefore, the level of chronic risk was acceptable after day 21. Only children aged 2–7 years had an HQ of dimethoate more than 1 (an unacceptable level of acute risk), while the acute dietary risks to other populations were within acceptable levels. It was recommended that any dimethoate applications to celery in greenhouses should happen before the celery reached the harvesting stage, with a safety interval of 28 days.
Nelson Quichillao, Twitter y la lucha de clases.
Authors: Valdebenito Allendes Jorge , Knipp Silva Rocío
Published: March 2021

Se distingue en la actualidad un creciente número de investigaciones orientadas a describir las transformaciones de la movilización política en el siglo XXI dada la masificación de tecnologías de la comunicación digital. La presente propuesta se erige como un intento de discusión que critica la valoración optimista de la tecnología. Esta valoración usualmente entiende a las TICs como herramientas de horizontalización y democratización de la participación política de masas. Desde una perspectiva tecno-escéptica, el presente estudio niega tal posibilidad. Para tales efectos, se realiza un seguimiento empírico de las comunicaciones realizadas en Twitter respecto de la muerte del minero chileno Nelson Quichillao. Los resultados indican que plataformas digitales como Twitter por sobre horizontalizar la participación y comunicación política, reproducen las asimetrías propias del mundo social. En dicho sentido, la categoría de lucha de clases se presenta como una alternativa de análisis de las desigualdades del mundo contemporáneo.
Voto electrónico en Chile: una evaluación desde una perspectiva técnica, jurídica y política
Authors: Viollier Bonvin Pablo Agustin , Riveros Bastián
Published: March 2021

Durante los últimos años, diversas voces se han hecho parte en el debate sobre la incorporación del voto electrónico en la administración electoral de Chile. Ya sea por motivos de eficiencia, rapidez en la entrega de resultados o bajo la promesa de mejorar la participación ciudadana, sus promotores ven en su implementación la solución a fenómenos como el aumento sostenido del abstencionismo o eventuales fraudes electorales.No obstante, aplicar soluciones tecnológicas a problemas políticos exige introducir una evaluación que ponga el acento en los derechos políticos propios de todo sistema electoral. De esta forma, la presente investigación apuntará a establecer en qué medida el voto electrónico satisface un análisis de costo-beneficio, cuya centralidad serán las garantías democráticas puestas en juego, así como los rasgos esenciales de las tecnologías involucradas en su funcionamiento.Por tratarse de verdaderas infraestructuras críticas, y tomando en consideración experiencias comparadas, no es posible afirmar que el voto electrónico cumpla con elementos indisociables de un acto de votación: auditabilidad, integridad y secreto del voto. Más aún, por las características propias de estas tecnologías, éstas tres variables no podrán ser verificadas en la práctica, por lo que la implementación del voto electrónico no resulta adecuada para nuestro sistema electoral
Salud y bienestar en una iniciativa neotradicionalista en Chile
Authors: Berho Castillo Marcelo , García Navarrete Carolina
Published: March 2021

Se describen y caracterizan cuatro prácticas medicinales desplegadas por miembros de un movimiento transnacional de revitalización de tradiciones espirituales amerindias en el sur de Chile. Se relevan los marcos de referencia históricos, arqueológicos, lingüísticos y etnográficos de cada una de dichas prácticas y se subrayan las respectivas significaciones asignadas a las mismas alrededor de la salud y el bienestar. Igualmente, se identifican aspectos de la estructura, función, contextos y usos en que se despliega cada una de estas prácticas, tanto en el contexto tradicional como actual en el que fueron observadas. Por último, se infieren algunas propiedades significativas de estas prácticas, las cuales permiten sostener la existencia de una medicina espiritual.
How to Achieve the Common Good: Analysis of Discrimination and Violence Based on Gender Relations as Experienced by Male/Female Students at Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina
Authors: Vázquez Laba Vanesa , Palumbo Mariana
Published: March 2021

Desde la creación del Programa contra la violencia de género de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, en el año 2013, casos de violencia simbólica –como chistes, burlas, sarcasmos en pasillo, aulas y facultades –han sido denunciados por diferentes miembros de la comunidad académica. El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar, desde un abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo, las causas y efectos de la violencia de género de tipo simbólica que vivencian las y los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina. Concluimos que la violencia simbólica es un tipo de violencia frecuente porque está naturalizada por los distintos actores de la comunidad universitaria. La mayoría de la violencia simbólica es infringida por los estudiantes varones contra las estudiantes mujeres. Sin embargo, los profesores varones y no docentes también practican violencias simbólicas y acoso a través de redes sociales, que se interseccionan con abusos de poder.
Diálogos antropológicos para descifrar la crisis socioambiental en Chiloé
Authors: Araos Leiva Francisco Javier , Saldivar Juan Manuel , Lazo Alejandra , Ther-Ríos Francisco
Published: March 2021

Durante los primeros meses del año 2016 sucedieron en el archipiélago de Chiloé una serie de trastornos ecológicos en el ecosistema marino que provocaron una de las mayores crisis socioambientales del último tiempo en la zona sur austral de Chile. A pesar de que es posible identificar los contornos específicos de la crisis, referidos a la marea roja, las investigaciones que movilizan el debate presentado en este texto muestran que la crisis se inscribe en un amplio e histórico proceso de transformación socioambiental experimentado en el archipiélago, con implicancias en las diferentes esferas de la vida social y ecológica de Chiloé. Apoyándose en diversas investigaciones antropológicas realizadas en los últimos siete años el artículo entrega, a modo de diálogo antropológico, los elementos clave para descifrar la crisis socioambiental de Chiloé: una historia de auge y decadencia en la explotación de recursos naturales, los conflictos territoriales y las estrategias de acción de los grupos organizados, los fenómenos migratorios intra y extra-regionales y las dinámicas de movilidad archipelágica. Asumiendo las diferentes dimensiones y aproximaciones, el artículo discute las intersecciones entre las investigaciones y la antropología pública, identificando los principales desafíos que la crisis socioambiental coloca a la disciplina. En suma, al artículo expone las evidencias del despliegue de un proceso de transformación en curso, cuyo futuro, aún incierto, puede representar el punto de cambio para una recomposición territorial del archipiélago de Chiloé.
El compromiso cultural en las identidades del profesorado de artes en Chile
Authors: García-Huidobro Munita Rosario de Lourdes , Ferrada Sulivan Jorge
Published: March 2021

El escrito comparte la primera fase de la investigación “Identidades profesionales de lo-as artistas-docentes en la Región de Los Lagos. Transformaciones de lo social en compromiso cultural”, realizada en Chile. El objetivo principal es conocer la identidad profesional de los-as profesores de artes de la región de Los Lagos y comprender cómo estas contribuyen hacia el desarrollo cultural. Se presentan los resultados de la encuesta realizada a un grupo de 97 profesores-as de artes visuales en el sur de Chile, que buscó recoger información acerca de las principales experiencias profesionales que afectan la conformación identitaria de estos artistas educadores-as. La estructura de la encuesta online se dividió en cinco apartados, puesto que cada uno abarcó las dimensiones que influyen la conformación de la identidad de los-as artistas-docentes. A saber, (i) la formación y trayectoria profesional, (ii) características de la práctica artística, (iii) conflictos de la práctica artística-docente, (iv) necesidades de la práctica artística-docente y por último, (v) aportes al desarrollo cultural de la región. El análisis de la encuesta se realizó a través del programa estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), el cual permitió generar cruces y variables entre las preguntas de las cinco dimensiones señalas. Entre los resultados más relevantes pudimos constatar que la diversidad de procedencias en cuanto a la formación inicial del profesorado, junto a los años de experiencia profesional eran cruces relevantes, ya que señalaron diversas formas de vincularse con el compromiso del desarrollo cultural y sus identidades.
AYURVEDIC TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rawat Neha , Aggarwal Vishal , Roushan Rakesh
Published: March 2021

Pain makes us conscious for the presence of the injurious agent and that is why we seek removal of the injurious agent by appropriate measures. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is corelated with aamvata in Ayurved. Rheumatoid arthritis is basically an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder that mainly affects the symmetrical metacarpophalangeal joint and more than two to three proximal interphalangeal small joints of the body. This disease is commonly found in females as compared to males. The female male ratio is 3:1. Prevalence of Rheumatoid arthritis increases with age, with 5% of women and 2% of men over 55 years being affected. Rheumatoid arthritis is rare in men under the age of 45, where there is 6:1 female surplus. It’s a very painful disease which usually cause tender, swelling and inflammation in joints. Joint stiffness worse in the morning and remain for more than one hour. Chronic inflammation, granuloma formation and joint destruction is commonly seen. Fatigue, fever, weight loss, irritation and depression are also the most common non-articular symptoms. A satisfactory treatment is available in Ayurvedic medicine for this disorder. Various Ayurvedic drugs have been proved useful for these manifestations. This case report is a classic case of Rheumatoid arthritis, which was treated for six months under the name of aamvata with Ayurvedic drugs. The patient was on modern medicine and we efficaciously exchange him from conventional modern medicine to ayurvedic medicine.
AN AYURVEDIC AND CONTEMPORARY OVERVIEW OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Arora Shivani , Gaur M B
Published: March 2021

Ayurveda stands on the framework of tridoshas, sapta dhatus and trimalas. Apart from sapta dhatu, updhatu also plays an essential role. Artava, the updhatu of rasa dhatu is responsible for conception in females. Henceforth, the healthy status of Artava is of prime importance when we talk about reproductive health. Any anomaly in Artava and its functions has an impact on menstrual regulation as well as reproduction. The menstrual cycle is the cyclical events that appear in the endometrium of uterus to form visible flow of menstrual blood every month. Menstrual cycle in Ayurveda is termed as artavachakra. The word chakra signifies regular onset at regular intervals, just like a wheel or cycle. It manifests a periodicity of one chandramasa (28 days). Ayurvedic acharyas has not interpreted artavachakra into stages, but depending upon available references in Samhitas, it is divided into following phases – rajahsravakala, ritukala, rituvyatitkala. Abnormal menstruation is the most common and important cause of many gynecological disorders and infertility. The present paper emphasizes on the study of day, duration and events of menstrual cycle in Ayurveda and with that of contemporary science.
INDUCTION OF LABOR BY AYURVEDA TREATMENT: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Bhat Gayathri NV , Suru Prafullatha
Published: March 2021

Uncomplicated pregnancy and uneventful labor process are the expectation of all pregnant ladies as well as of their family members. Hence the goal is to improve the quality care child birth through ayurvedic management by following Nava masa paricharya which includes yoni abhyanga, yoni pichu and anuvasana basti with madhuroushadhi dravya sadhita taila after completion of 37 weeks of gestation. The Objective of this is study the effect of Nava Masa Paricharya on onset of labor. Total 3 cases were taken for the trial. Age between 21-29 years two among them were primiparous and one subject multi parous with gestational age between 38 to 39 weeks visited the OPD of Prasuti and Stree Roga, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, after per vaginal examination advised for admission and planned for yoni abhyanga and yoni pichu and basti with ksheerabala taila for a week. All the three subjects delivered vaginally without any complications to babies with average weight 3000 grams. Their postnatal period was uneventful. An ayurvedic formulation which is cost effective, easily available can be very well-made use for the induction of labor. In all these cases, no chemical drugs used to induce or augment the labor.
SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCER, BRAND AWARENESS, AND PURCHASE DECISION AMONG GENERATION Z IN SURABAYA
Authors: Andreani Fransisca , Gunawan Leonardo , Haryono Selden
Published: March 2021

Many restaurants and cafes use Social Media Influencer (SMI) services to promote their products/ services. The three dimensions of SMI include reach, relevance, and resonance; and these can influence brand awareness and purchase decision of generation Z consumers. This study involved 108 respondents and used SPSS and Partial Least Square (PLS) as data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that reach, relevance and resonance of SMI have positive and significant influences on brand awareness. Reach has positive but insignificant influence on purchase decisions; whereas, relevance and resonance have positive and significant influences on purchase decision. Finally, brand awareness has positive but insignificant influence on purchase decision of Generation Z to restaurants and cafes in Surabaya.
A Study on the Analysis of Sprinkler Operating Probability Using Building Fire Statistics
Authors: Jin Seunghyeon , Kim Hyewon , Kwon Youngjin , Seo Donggoo
Published: March 2021

In Korea, considering that the accuracy of fire scenario evaluation is reduced by performance-based design, it is assumed that the sprinkler does not operate. In other countries, the design continues to be researched considering the operation probability of the sprinkler. In particular, the operation probability that divides the effect after operation is analyzed. Therefore, the operation probability was analyzed by considering the effect of sprinkler operation using domestic fire statistics. As a result, it was found that the probability of successful operation for fire extinguishment was 44%, the success of suppression was 32%, and failure to operate was 24%. As a result of a comparison with data from other countries, the probability of operating, 76%, was lower than that of studies from other countries. When comparing the probability results for successful fire extinguishment, success of suppression, and failure to operate, it was confirmed that the probability of successful suppression was slightly different.
Estimation of the Required Fire Resistance Time Using a Fire Characteristics Graph
Authors: Kim Yun-Seong , Han Ji-Woo , Kim Hye-Won , Lee Byeong-heun , Jin Seung-Hyun , Kwon Young-jin
Published: March 2021

In actual fires, the nature of fires varies from compartment to compartment. However, the domestic standard utilizes a uniform fire resistance of 60 min. Therefore, in this study, the required fire time was calculated by predicting the temperature of the compartment to check whether the domestic fire resistance standards are safe. The results show that, even if the facilities are divided into the same use, they all require different fire-resisting times and are at risk. In addition, simple calculations are proposed by recalculating the complex formula required to determine the fire resistance time.
Anomaly Detection in Reservoir Water Level Data Using the LSTM Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yang Mi-Hye , Nam Won-Ho , Kim Han-Joong , Kim Taegon , Shin An-Kook , Kang Mun-Sung
Published: March 2021

Weather and hydrological phenomena have been changing due to climate change as evidenced by localized torrential rainfall and precipitation falling by more than 30% compared to the annual average. From 2013 to 2017 the ninety-nine reservoirs reached a water storage rate of 0%, making a secure stable water supply for agriculture uncertain. There is an increased need for information regarding agricultural water management to respond to the changes in the agricultural environment and climate. Therefore, automatic water level measurement facilities have been introduced to determine the real-time reservoir storage capacity and agricultural water supply. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs' guidelines for the installation and operation of water level measurement instruments, automatic water level facilities are currently installed at 1,734 reservoirs and 1,880 irrigation canals, with water level data generated at 10-minute intervals. The official recognition of hydrological water level data for agricultural reservoirs increased from six in 2016 to forty-nine in 2019. Anomaly detection algorithm methods for data regarding the agricultural reservoir level as well as quality control measures based on agricultural reservoir characteristics are required to minimize data quality degradation and generate reliable hydrological data over time. Though it was practically impossible to analyze the correlation between the water level or run-off and influential factors such as weather and terrain, recently a non-linear hydrological analysis has been possible using models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This study aims to present an anomaly detection algorithm for reservoir level data using deep learning based LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) models, in combination with other neural networks for managing quantitative information of agricultural water supply.
To move or not to move? Skull and lower jaw morphology of the blindsnake Afrotyphlops punctatus (Leach, 1819) (Serpentes, Typhlopoidea, Typhlopidae) with comments on its previously advocated cranial kinesis
Authors: Deolindo Vitoria , Koch Claudia , Joshi Mitali , Martins Angele
Published: March 2021

“Scolecophidians” are traditionally known for their several skull and lower jaw autapomorphies, being conspicuously different from alethinophidian snakes in terms of skull shape and function. Although typically known for the absence of any kinetic joint in the skull dermatocranium and neurocranium—mostly due to an adaptation to fossorial habit, literature data have previously suggested a possible cranial kinesis for individuals of Afrotyphlops punctatus based on observations of live and preserved individuals. Given such observations, herein we aim to describe in detail the skull of A. punctatus based on CT‐scan images of five specimens, evaluating the skull morphology and inferred function, and also providing valuable discussion on the skull osteology of the genus. Our results suggest that the skull of A. punctatus is similar to other blindsnakes in lacking any trace of snout, or even a frontal–parietal articulation. We also discuss possible osteological data that might be systematically relevant for Typhlopidae both interspecifically and intergenerically.
Using High‐Risk Pipe Clusters to Guide Capital Planning
Authors: Chen Thomas Ying‐Jeh , Daly Craig Michael
Published: March 2021

Key Takeaways

Water utilities typically replace aggregated clusters of pipelines rather than individual pipes to minimize repeated disruption and mobilization cost.

Risk assessments that report high‐risk pipes at the resolution of individual segments fall short of the clustering approach.

A postprocessing method improves risk assessment efficacy by scaling risk calculations from individual pipe segments to a more meaningful and actionable cluster resolution.
Immobilized penicillin G acylase with enhanced activity and stability using glutaraldehyde‐modified polydopamine‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Boyuan , Zhou Yongshan , Liu Chunli , Abdelrahman Mohammed Monier Alhadi , Chen Zhangjun , Chen Zhenbin
Published: March 2021

In this work, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with polydopamine (PDA) to structure Fe3O4@PDA NPs by the spontaneous oxygen‐mediated self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) in an aqueous solution of pH = 8.5. The fabricated Fe3O4@PDA NPs were grafted by glutaraldehyde to realize the immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) under mild conditions. The carriers of each stage were characterized and investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and vibrating sample magnetometry. To improve the catalytic activity and stability of immobilized PGA, the immobilization conditions were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal immobilization conditions, the enzyme loading capacity, enzyme activity, and enzyme activity recovery of immobilized PGA were 114 mg/g, 26,308 U/g, and 78.5%, respectively. In addition, the immobilized PGA presented better temperature and pH stability compared with free PGA. The reusability study ensured that the immobilized PGA showed an excellent repeating application performance. In particular, the recovery rate of immobilized PGA could reach 94.8% and immobilized PGA could retain 73.0% of its original activity after 12 cycles, indicating that the immobilized PGA exhibited a high operation stability and broad application potential in the biocatalysis field.
Impact of reproductive factors on breast cancer incidence: Pooled analysis of nine cohort studies in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Taro , Kitamura Yuri , Sobue Tomotaka , Utada Mai , Ozasa Kotaro , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuji Ichiro , Hori Miyuki , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Ito Hidemi , Wang Chaochen , Tamakoshi Akiko , Wada Keiko , Nagata Chisato , Shimazu Taichi , Mizoue Tetsuya , Matsuo Keitaro , Naito Mariko , Tanaka Keitaro , Inoue Manami ,   for the Research Group for the Development, Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan
Published: March 2021

Prior studies reported the association of reproductive factors with breast cancer (BC), but the evidence is inconsistent. We conducted a pooled analysis of nine cohort studies in Japan to evaluate the impact of six reproductive factors (age at menarche/age at first birth/number of births/age at menopause/use of female hormones/breastfeeding) on BC incidence. We conducted analyses according to menopausal status at the baseline or at the diagnosis. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by applying Cox proportional‐hazards model in each study. These hazard ratios were integrated using a random‐effects model. Among 187,999 women (premenopausal: 61,113, postmenopausal: 126,886), we observed 873 premenopausal and 1,456 postmenopausal cases. Among premenopausal women, use of female hormones significantly increased BC incidence (HR: 1.53 [1.04–2.25]). Although P value for trend was not significant for age at first birth and number of births (P for trend: 0.15 and 0.30, respectively), women giving first birth at ages ≥36 experienced significantly higher BC incidence than at ages 21–25 years, and women who had ≥2 births experienced significantly lower BC incidence than nulliparous women. Among postmenopausal women, more births significantly decreased BC incidence (P for trend: 0.03). Although P value for trend was not significant for age at first birth and age at menopause (P for trend: 0.30 and 0.37, respectively), women giving first birth at ages 26–35 years experienced significantly higher BC incidence than at ages 21–25 years, and women with age at menopause: ≥50 years experienced significantly higher BC incidence than age at menopause: ≤44 years. BC incidence was similar according to age at menarche or breastfeeding history among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In conclusion, among Japanese women, use of female hormones increased BC incidence in premenopausal women, and more births decreased BC incidence in postmenopausal women.
Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity is linked to recovery after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K. , Schirmer Markus D. , Bretzner Martin , Etherton Mark , Donahue Kathleen , Tuozzo Carissa , Nardin Marco , Giese Anne‐Katrin , Wu Ona , D. Calhoun Vince , Grefkes Christian , Rost Natalia S.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the current study was to explore the whole‐brain dynamic functional connectivity patterns in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and their relation to short and long‐term stroke severity. We investigated resting‐state functional MRI‐based dynamic functional connectivity of 41 AIS patients two to five days after symptom onset. Re‐occurring dynamic connectivity configurations were obtained using a sliding window approach and k‐means clustering. We evaluated differences in dynamic patterns between three NIHSS‐stroke severity defined groups (mildly, moderately, and severely affected patients). Furthermore, we built Bayesian hierarchical models to evaluate the predictive capacity of dynamic connectivity and examine the interrelation with clinical measures, such as white matter hyperintensity lesions. Finally, we established correlation analyses between dynamic connectivity and AIS severity as well as 90‐day neurological recovery (ΔNIHSS). We identified three distinct dynamic connectivity configurations acutely post‐stroke. More severely affected patients spent significantly more time in a configuration that was characterized by particularly strong connectivity and isolated processing of functional brain domains (three‐level ANOVA: p < .05, post hoc t tests: p < .05, FDR‐corrected). Configuration‐specific time estimates possessed predictive capacity of stroke severity in addition to the one of clinical measures. Recovery, as indexed by the realized change of the NIHSS over time, was significantly linked to the dynamic connectivity between bilateral intraparietal lobule and left angular gyrus (Pearson's r = −.68, p = .003, FDR‐corrected). Our findings demonstrate transiently increased isolated information processing in multiple functional domains in case of severe AIS. Dynamic connectivity involving default mode network components significantly correlated with recovery in the first 3 months poststroke.
Convolutional capsule network for COVID‐19 detection using radiography images
Authors: Tiwari Shamik , Jain Anurag
Published: March 2021

Novel corona virus COVID‐19 has spread rapidly all over the world. Due to increasing COVID‐19 cases, there is a dearth of testing kits. Therefore, there is a severe need for an automatic recognition system as a solution to reduce the spreading of the COVID‐19 virus. This work offers a decision support system based on the X‐ray image to diagnose the presence of the COVID‐19 virus. A deep learning‐based computer‐aided decision support system will be capable to differentiate between COVID‐19 and pneumonia. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 patients through chest radiography (or chest X‐ray, CXR) images. However, due to the usage of CNN, there are some limitations with these decision support systems. These systems suffer with the problem of view‐invariance and loss of information due to down‐sampling. In this paper, the capsule network (CapsNet)‐based system named visual geometry group capsule network (VGG‐CapsNet) for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 is proposed. Due to the usage of capsule network (CapsNet), the authors have succeeded in removing the drawbacks found in the CNN‐based decision support system for the detection of COVID‐19. Through simulation results, it is found that VGG‐CapsNet has performed better than the CNN‐CapsNet model for the diagnosis of COVID‐19. The proposed VGG‐CapsNet‐based system has shown 97% accuracy for COVID‐19 versus non‐COVID‐19 classification, and 92% accuracy for COVID‐19 versus normal versus viral pneumonia classification. Proposed VGG‐CapsNet‐based system available at https://github.com/shamiktiwari/COVID19_Xray can be used to detect the existence of COVID‐19 virus in the human body through chest radiographic images.
Advances in the biological fixation of carbon dioxide by microalgae
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Liu Zhenrong
Published: March 2021

Global warming caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the most important topics of concern in the fields of science, environment and global economy. Carbon dioxide emissions have increased dramatically in recent years, and this trend is likely to continue with a projected increase of both global energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 51% in 2050 compared with 2005. To mitigate the negative impacts arising, a potential strategy to convert CO2 into renewable fuels or valuable chemicals can be applied. Bio‐CO2 emission reduction is receiving more and more attention as an environmentally friendly method. Microalgae are attracting worldwide attention in this regard owing to their exceptional speed of growth, resistance to harsh environments and low production costs. In this review, the biochemical principles of microalgae‐CO2 fixation and the research progress of microalgae strains used for CO2 fixation are reviewed and discussed. The latest progress in the co‐development of a microalgae carbon sequestration industry and other industries are provided, along with a survey of the progress in methods to improve microalgae‐CO2 fixation. Finally, the problems to be solved in the industry and its future directions of development are clarified. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Optimization of an ultrasound‐assisted alcohol‐based deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for separation and preconcentration of quercetin in wine and food samples with response surface methodology
Authors: Altunay Nail , Elik Adil , Unal Yener , Kaya Savaş
Published: March 2021

We optimized ultrasound‐assisted alcohol‐based deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for separation and preconcentration of quercetin in wine and food samples by experimental design based on central composite design. Five different alcohol‐based deep eutectic solvents were prepared and tested for quercetin extraction. The effect of important parameters and matrix components were optimized. After optimization, the determination of quercetin was performed at 385 nm using spectrophotometry. Analytical data such as detection limit, working range and preconcentration factor were found as 6.1 μg/L, 20–850 μg/L, and 120, respectively. The selectivity of the optimized extraction conditions for quercetin was investigated in the presence of different matrices. The validation of the method was investigated by reproducibility, repeatability and recovery studies, as well as by comparing the analytical results obtained from real samples with the reference method. Lastly, the recommended procedure was successfully applied for the extraction and quantification of quercetin in wine and food samples.
Expiratory Muscle Strength Training for Therapy of Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Claus Inga , Muhle Paul , Czechowski Judith , Ahring Sigrid , Labeit Bendix , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja , Wiendl Heinz , Dziewas Rainer , Warnecke Tobias
Published: March 2021

Background

Pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and clinically relevant symptom associated with poor nutrition intake, reduced quality of life, and aspiration pneumonia. Despite this, effective behavioral treatment approaches are rare.

Objective

The objective of this study was to verify if 4 week of expiratory muscle strength training can improve pharyngeal dysphagia in the short and long term and is able to induce neuroplastic changes in cortical swallowing processing.

Methods

In this double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial, 50 patients with hypokinetic pharyngeal dysphagia, as confirmed by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, performed a 4‐week expiratory muscle strength training. Twenty‐five participants used a calibrated (“active”) device, 25 used a sham handheld device. Swallowing function was evaluated directly before and after the training period, as well as after a period of 3 month using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Swallowing‐related cortical activation was measured in 22 participants (active:sham; 11:11) using whole‐head magnetencephalography.

Results

The active group showed significant improvement in the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing–based dysphagia score after 4 weeks and after 3 months, whereas in the sham group no significant changes from baseline were observed. Especially, clear reduction in pharyngeal residues was found. Regarding the cortical swallowing network before and after training, no statistically significant differences were found by magnetencephalography examination.

Conclusions

Four‐week expiratory muscle strength training significantly reduces overall dysphagia severity in PD patients, with a sustained effect after 3 months compared with sham training. This was mainly achieved by improving swallowing efficiency. The treatment effect is probably caused by peripheral mechanisms, as no changes in the cortical swallowing network were identified. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Individual residential mobility, immobility, and political attitudes: The case of Brexit voting intentions in the 2016 UK EU Referendum
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Finell Eerika , Bjarnason Thoroddur , Stevenson Clifford
Published: March 2021

One explanation of the results of the UK EU Referendum and the US Presidential Election in 2016 has been as a triumph of citizens of ‘somewhere’—localised and rooted—over the cosmopolitan and spatially mobile citizens of ‘anywhere’, placing residential mobility and its effects on political attitudes at the heart of debates about the causes of populist voting. This paper contributes to these debates by using Understanding Society1 to examine how residential mobility shaped Referendum voting intentions with a particular focus on the differential impacts of short‐ and long‐distance moves. It also explores how the effects of migration vary by age. It finds that for an all‐age sample, those respondents who made at least one address change of 50 km or more were less likely plan to vote ‘Leave’ relative to those who did not move at all. Restricting the analysis to those aged 25 or older, residential mobility became statistically insignificant; Brexit voting could be explained without reference to residential mobility. However, analysing only 16–24 year olds, long‐distance residential mobility was again statistically significant even in the fully specified model. It is concluded that residential mobility is most important and formative for the attitudes of younger people but has little or no impact on older sections of the population.
Leveraging thewater‐energynexus to derive benefits for the electric grid throughdemand‐sidemanagement in the water supply and wastewater sectors
Authors: Zohrabian Angineh , Plata Sophia L. , Kim Dong Min , Childress Amy E. , Sanders Kelly T.
Published: March 2021

Leveraging the potential flexibility of large electrical loads has become an attractive option for maintaining grid reliability, especially in electric grids with high penetrations of variable renewable energy. The water sector is a particularly attractive option for demand‐side flexibility due to its vast water storage infrastructure, large interruptible pumping loads, and energy generation opportunities. Shifting the timing of water supply and wastewater utility operations can reduce peak load and temporally align energy‐consuming activities with periods of cheap electricity prices and/or high renewable energy generation. This paper presents a general overview of demand‐side management strategies in water and wastewater systems, focusing primarily on demand‐response measures. We find that while there is consensus in the literature about the potential for water systems to provide flexible demand‐side management services, there is a need for developing comprehensive water‐energy models to examine the value of load management as a source of revenue for water utilities and as a source of flexibility for the electric grid. More experimental studies and simulation efforts are also needed to address the technical complexities and water quality concerns associated with interrupting water and wastewater utility operations.

This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

Engineering Water > Planning Water