bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody Content against Epstein–Barr Virus in Blood Extracellular Vesicles Correlates with Disease Activity and Brain Volume in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Fernández-Fournier Mireya , López-Molina MariPaz , Torres Iglesias Gabriel , Botella Lucía , Chamorro Beatriz , Laso-García Fernando , Puertas Inmaculada , Tallón Barranco Antonio , Otero-Ortega Laura , Frank-García Ana , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio
Published: September 2023

We aimed to analyze whether EVs carry antibodies against EBV antigens and the possibility that they could serve as diagnostic and disease activity blood biomarkers in RRMS. This was a prospective and observational study including patients with RRMS with active and inactive disease and healthy controls. Blood EVs were isolated by precipitation. Titers of antibodies against nuclear (anti-EBNA1) and capsid (anti-VCA) EBV antigens in EVs and in plasma, as well as content of myelin antibodies in EVs were determined by ELISA. An exploratory analysis of correlations with clinical and radiological data was performed. Patients with RRMS had higher titers of anti-VCA inside EVs and free in plasma than healthy controls. Patients with active disease showed higher levels of anti-EBNA1 in EVs, but not in plasma, than patients with inactive disease. EV anti-VCA levels correlated with disease duration and with decreased brain volume structures—total brain, white matter, gray matter, cerebellum, hippocampus, —but not with T2/FLAIR lesion volume or EDSS, SDMT, or 9HPT. In addition, EV anti-VCA correlated with EV anti-MBP. The anti-VCA and anti-EBNA1 content in EVs could represent diagnostic and disease activity blood biomarkers, respectively, in RRMS.
Enterobacter Strain IPPBiotE33 Displays a Synergistic Effect with Bacillus thuringiensis Bt185
Authors: Mi Liang , Gu Ziqiong , Li Ying , Xu Wenyue , Shu Changlong , Zhang Jie , Bai Xi , Geng Lili
Published: September 2023

The discovery and isolation of new non-Bt insecticidal bacteria and genes are significant for the development of new biopesticides against coleopteran pests. In this study, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of non-Bt insecticidal bacteria, PPBiotE33, IPPBiotC41, IPPBiotA42 and IPPBiotC43, isolated from the peanut rhizosphere. All these strains showed insecticidal activity against first- and third-instar larvae of Holotrichia parallela, Holotrichia oblita, Anomala corpulenta and Potosia brevitarsis. IPPBiotE33 showed the highest toxicity among the four strains and exhibited virulence against Colaphellus bowringi. The genome of IPPBiotE33 was sequenced, and a new protein, 03673, with growth inhibition effects on C. bowringi was obtained. In addition, IPPBiotE33 had a synergistic effect with Bacillus thuringiensis Bt185 against H. parallela in bioassays and back-inoculation experiments with peanut seedlings. IPPBiotE33 induced a decrease in hemocytes and an increase in phenol oxidase activity in H. parallela hemolymph, known as the immunosuppressive effect, which mediated synergistic activity with Bt185. This study increased our knowledge of the new insecticidal strain IPPBiotE33 and shed new light on the research on new insecticidal coaction mechanisms and new blended pesticides.
CircRNAs: A Promising Star for Treatment and Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Chen Daoyang , Ruan Chuangdong , Yang Penghui , Zhu Jinrong , Zhang Rongxin , Li Yan
Published: September 2023

CircRNAs are a class of endogenous long non-coding RNAs with a single-stranded circular structure. Most circRNAs are relatively stable, highly conserved, and specifically expressed in tissue during the cell and developmental stages. Many circRNAs have been discovered in OSCC. OSCC is one of the most severe and frequent forms of head and neck cancer today, with a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. Due to its prevalence, OSCC is a global health concern, characterized by genetic and epigenomic changes. However, the mechanism remains vague. With the advancement of biotechnology, a large number of circRNAs have been discovered in mammalian cells. CircRNAs are dysregulated in OSCC tissues and thus associated with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of OSCC patients. Research studies have demonstrated that circRNAs can serve as biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis and treatment. Here, we summarized the properties, functions, and biogenesis of circRNAs, focusing on the progress of current research on circRNAs in OSCC.
Serum Pentraxin 3 as Promising Biomarker for the Long-Lasting Inflammatory Response of COVID-19
Authors: Capra Anna Paola , Crupi Lelio , Pantò Giuseppe , Repici Alberto , Calapai Fabrizio , Squeri Raffaele , Ardizzone Alessio , Esposito Emanuela
Published: September 2023

Currently, biological markers for COVID-19 disease severity still constitute the main goal of enhancing an efficient treatment to reduce critical consequences such as an abnormal systemic inflammatory response. In this regard, the latest research has shown that Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved innate immunity protein, may serve as a valuable biochemical marker. Based on this evidence, we conducted a case–control study to compare the PTX3 serum levels and several immune-inflammatory mediators of 80 healthcare workers who were subdivided into subjects who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 40) and individuals who were never infected (n = 40). Using a commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), PTX3 and various immune-inflammatory protein levels were assessed in serum samples, while also considering possible variables (e.g., gender-related differences). We have shown elevated levels of PTX3 and other inflammatory proteins in previously infected COVID-19-positive subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, the obtained data also indicate a degree of severity influenced by gender, as shown by the subgroup analysis, in which PTX3 expression was more pronounced in previously COVID-19-positive males (p < 0.001) than in females (p < 0.05) compared to the respective controls. In addition, our data further validate, through a direct comparison of previously COVID-19-positive subjects, greater pro-inflammatory levels in males than in females. Overall, our results may support the validity of PTX3 as a systemic biomarker in prolonged systemic inflammatory responses in the context of COVID-19. Thus, PTX3 modulation could constitute an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the recovery from COVID-19 and its systemic long-term consequences.
The Potential for Targeting AVIL and Other Actin-Binding Proteins in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Cornelison Robert , Marrah Laine , Fierti Adelaide , Piczak Claire , Glowczyk Martyna , Tajammal Anam , Lynch Sarah , Li Hui
Published: September 2023

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue cancer with a survival rate below 27% for high-risk children despite aggressive multi-modal therapeutic interventions. After decades of research, no targeted therapies are currently available. Therapeutically targeting actin-binding proteins, although promising, has historically been challenging. Recent advances have made this possibility more salient, including our lab’s identification of advillin (AVIL), a novel oncogenic actin-binding protein that plays a role in many cytoskeletal functions. AVIL is overexpressed in many RMS cell lines, patient-derived xenograft models, and a cohort of 30 clinical samples of both the alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS) subtypes. Overexpression of AVIL in mesenchymal stem cells induces neoplastic transformation both in vitro and in vivo, and reversing overexpression through genetic modulation reverses the transformation. This suggests a critical role of AVIL in RMS tumorigenesis and maintenance. As an actin-binding protein, AVIL would not traditionally be considered a druggable target. This perspective will address the feasibility of targeting differentially expressed actin-binding proteins such as AVIL therapeutically, and how critical cell infrastructure can be damaged in a cancer-specific manner.
Dietary Fiber Inulin Improves Murine Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis
Authors: Yoshida Mai , Funasaka Yoko , Saeki Hidehisa , Yamamoto Masami , Kanda Naoko
Published: September 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with interleukin (IL)-17-dominated inflammation and hyperproliferation of epidermis. Dietary fiber is fermented by the gut microbiome into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that manifest anti-inflammatory effects. We examined if feeding with an inulin-enriched high-fiber diet (HFD) might improve topical imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. HFD reduced thickening and total severity scores of imiquimod-induced dermatitis and reduced epidermal thickness, inflammatory infiltrates, including Ly6G+ neutrophils, and epidermal Ki67+ proliferating cells. HFD reduced mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CXCL1, CXCL2, and keratin 16 and increased those of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A in imiquimod-induced dermatitis. In 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome, imiquimod increased relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, while HFD increased that of phylum Bacteroidota and genus Bacteroides. HFD increased serum and fecal concentrations of SCFA propionate. Oral propionate reduced inflammatory infiltrates and epidermal Ki67+ cells and reduced mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17C, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, CCL20 and increased those of TGF-β1and IL-10 in imiquimod-indued dermatitis. Dietary inulin supplementation improves imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis partially via propionate, and may be a promising adjunctive therapy for psoriasis.
Impact of Impaired Kidney Function on Arrhythmia-Promoting Cardiac Ion Channel Regulation
Authors: Sinha Frederick , Schweda Frank , Maier Lars S. , Wagner Stefan
Published: September 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death. Although arrhythmias are one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in CKD patients, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of arrhythmias are still poorly understood. In this narrative review, therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of cardiac ion channels that contribute to arrhythmia in CKD. We do this by first explaining the excitation–contraction coupling, outlining current translational research approaches, then explaining the main characteristics in CKD patients, such as abnormalities in electrolytes and pH, activation of the autonomic nervous system, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, as well as current evidence for proarrhythmic properties of uremic toxins. Finally, we discuss the substance class of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on their potential to modify cardiac channel regulation in CKD and, therefore, as a treatment option for arrhythmias.
Metagenomics Revealed a New Genus ‘Candidatus Thiocaldithrix dubininis’ gen. nov., sp. nov. and a New Species ‘Candidatus Thiothrix putei’ sp. nov. in the Family Thiotrichaceae, Some Members of Which Have Traits of Both Na+- and H+-Motive Energetics
Authors: Ravin Nikolai V. , Muntyan Maria S. , Smolyakov Dmitry D. , Rudenko Tatyana S. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Grabovich Margarita Yu.
Published: September 2023

Two metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), GKL-01 and GKL-02, related to the family Thiotrichaceae have been assembled from the metagenome of bacterial mat obtained from a sulfide-rich thermal spring in the North Caucasus. Based on average amino acid identity (AAI) values and genome-based phylogeny, MAG GKL-01 represented a new genus within the Thiotrichaceae family. The GC content of the GKL-01 DNA (44%) differed significantly from that of other known members of the genus Thiothrix (50.1–55.6%). We proposed to assign GKL-01 to a new species and genus ‘Candidatus Thiocaldithrix dubininis’ gen. nov., sp. nov. GKL-01. The phylogenetic analysis and estimated distances between MAG GKL-02 and the genomes of the previously described species of the genus Thiothrix allowed assigning GKL-02 to a new species with the proposed name ‘Candidatus Thiothrix putei’ sp. nov. GKL-02 within the genus Thiothrix. Genome data first revealed the presence of both Na+-ATPases and H+-ATPases in several Thiothrix species. According to genomic analysis, bacteria GKL-01 and GKL-02 are metabolically versatile facultative aerobes capable of growing either chemolithoautotrophically or chemolithoheterotrophically in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and/or thiosulfate or chemoorganoheterotrophically.
Studying the Relationship between the Antiviral Activity and the Structure of ἰ-Carrageenan Using Ultrasonication
Authors: Levy-Ontman Oshrat , Abu-Galiyun Eiman , Huleihel Mahmoud
Published: September 2023

ἰ-carrageenan is a linear macroalgal polysaccharide that is well known for its antiviral bioactivity. Although it is considered a candidate for antiviral therapeutics, its application is highly limited due to its low solubility and high viscosity, which lower its adsorption efficiency. With the aim of deriving an active ἰ-carrageenan fragment with an improved adsorption capacity, we studied the effects of ultrasonication on structural changes in ἰ-carrageenan with respect to changes in its bioactivity against herpesviruses. An FTIR analysis revealed that ultrasonication increased the hydrophilicity of ἰ-carrageenan without changing its functional groups, and a rheological analysis demonstrated that it gradually decreased the strength of the polysaccharide gel, which completely lost its gel structure and formed small nanoparticles after 30 min of ultrasonication. Concomitantly with these physicochemical changes, a plaque assay revealed that longer ultrasonication increased the antiviral activity of ἰ-carrageenan against two herpesviruses, namely, HSV-1 and VZV. Finally, we separated the 30-min ultrasonicated ἰ-carrageenan into four fractions and found that fractions with a lower molecular weight were significantly less active against both herpesviruses than those with a higher molecular weight. Our findings show that ultrasonication induces physicochemical changes in ἰ-carrageenan that increase its antiviral bioactivity.
Mobile Structural Health Monitoring Based on Legged Robots
Authors: Smarsly Kay , Dragos Kosmas , Stührenberg Jan , Worm Mathias
Published: September 2023

With the advancements in information, communication, and sensing technologies, structural health monitoring (SHM) has matured into a substantial pillar of infrastructure maintenance. In particular, wireless sensor networks have gradually been incorporated into SHM, leveraging new opportunities towards reduced installation efforts and enhanced flexibility and scalability, as compared to cable-based SHM systems. However, wireless sensor nodes are installed at fixed locations and need to be employed at high density to reliably monitor large infrastructure, which may cause high installation costs. Furthermore, the limited power autonomy of wireless sensor networks, installed at fixed locations for unattended long-term operation, still represents a significant constraint when deploying stationary wireless sensor nodes for SHM. To resolve the critical constraints stemming from costly high-density deployment and limited power autonomy, a mobile structural health monitoring concept based on legged robots is proposed in the study reported in this paper. The study explores the accuracy and cost-efficiency of deploying legged robots in dense measurement setups for wireless SHM of civil infrastructure, aiming to gain insights into the advantages of mobile wireless sensor nodes in general and of legged robots in particular, in terms of obtaining rich information on the structural condition. As is shown in this paper, the legged robots, as compared to stationary wireless sensor nodes, require a smaller number of nodes to be deployed in civil infrastructure to achieve rich sensor information, entailing more cost-efficient, yet accurate, SHM. In conclusion, this study represents a first step towards autonomous robotic fleets advancing structural health monitoring.
Effect of Instability Training on Compensatory Muscle Activation during Perturbation Challenge in Young Adults
Authors: Glass Stephen C. , Wisneski Kamryn A.
Published: September 2023

Balance requires constant adjustments in muscle activation to attain force steadiness. Creating appropriate training can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 weeks of front squat instability training using a water-filled training tube on force steadiness during an instability challenge. Control (CON, n = 13) and experimental (EXP, n = 17) subjects completed pre- and post-testing for EMG variability by completing one set of 10 repetitions with a stable and unstable training tube. Electrodes were placed bilaterally on the anterior deltoid, paraspinal, and vastus lateralis muscles. CON subjects completed 2 weeks of training using a stable training tube, while EXP subjects trained with a water-filled instability tube. EMG data were integrated for each contraction, and force steadiness was computed using the natural log of coefficient of variation. CON results showed no changes in force steadiness for any condition. EXP showed significant reductions in EMG activation variability across all muscles. These results indicate a significant training effect in reducing muscle activation variability in subjects training with a water-filled instability training device. Improvements seen in these healthy subjects support the development of training implements for a more clinical population to help improve force steadiness.
Examination of Countermovement Jump Performance Changes in Collegiate Female Volleyball in Fatigued Conditions
Authors: Donahue Paul T. , McInnis Ayden K. , Williams Madelyn K. , White Josey
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes in countermovement vertical jump performance after a single sport-specific training session in a sample of collegiate female volleyball athletes. Eleven NCAA Division I volleyball athletes performed countermovement vertical jumps with and without an arm swing prior to and immediately after a sport-specific training session. Each participant completed two jumps in each condition using a portable force platform. Paired samples t-tests were performed within each jump condition. When using an arm swing, mean braking force was the only variable to display a statistically significant change (p < 0.05). In the no-arm-swing condition, mean propulsive force, propulsive net impulse, jump height and reactive strength index modified all statistically increased (p < 0.05). Time to takeoff was statistically reduced (p < 0.05). Additionally, a single-subject analysis was performed across all eleven participants resulting in general trends seen in the no-arm-swing condition, whereas the arm-swing condition displayed inconsistent findings across participants.
Thermomechanical Joining of Hypoeutectic Aluminium Cast Plates
Authors: Borgert Thomas , Neuser Moritz , Hoyer Kay-Peter , Homberg Werner , Schaper Mirko
Published: September 2023

Consistent lightweight construction in the area of vehicle manufacturing requires the increased use of multi-material combinations. This, in turn, requires an adaptation of standard joining techniques. In multi-material combinations, the importance of integral cast components, in particular, is increasing and poses additional technical challenges for the industry. One approach to solve these challenges is adaptable joining elements manufactured by a thermomechanical forming process. By applying an incremental and thermomechanical joining process, it is possible to react immediately and adapt the joining process inline to reduce the number of different joining elements. In the investigation described in this publication, cast plates made of the cast aluminium alloy EN AC-AlSi9 serve as joining partners, which are processed by sand casting. The joining process of hypoeutectic AlSi alloys is challenging as their brittle character leads to cracks in the joint during conventional mechanical joining. To solve this, the frictional heat of the novel joining process applied can provide a finer microstructure in the hypoeutectic AlSi9 cast alloy. In detail, its Si is finer-grained, resulting in higher ductility of the joint. This study reveals the thermomechanical joining suitability of a hypoeutectic cast aluminium alloy in combination with adaptively manufactured auxiliary joining elements.
Investigation of Heat Annealing and Parametric Optimization for Drilling of Monel-400 Alloy
Authors: Abdo Basem M. A. , Almuzaiqer Redhwan , Noman Mohammed A. , Chintakindi Sanjay
Published: September 2023

A nickel-based copper alloy known as Monel-400 is extensively applied in many industries including aerospace, marine engineering, and nuclear power generation, owing to its exceptional characteristics such as extreme tensile strength and toughness, excellent corrosion resistance, and the ability to retain shape even at extremely high temperatures. Traditional methods of drilling Monel-400 alloy are difficult due to quick tool wear and poor surface polishing, resulting in expensive machining costs. In this study, a technique called heat annealing was implemented to externally heat-treat the Monel-400 alloy material before the drilling process. Cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear were used as the responses to investigate the effect of heat annealing and the drilling parameters on the machinability of Monel-400. The results revealed that the cutting force (Fz) and surface roughness (Ra and Rt) could be reduced by 33%, 31%, and 25%, respectively, after annealing at 700 °C compared to the results of the drilled Monel-400 at room temperature. It can be observed that the maximum improvement can reach 42% of Fz, 35% of Ra, and 59% of Rt while annealing Monel-400 at 1000 °C. A significant reduction was observed in the tool wear for machining the annealed material, which minimized the tooling and overall machining cost. Regarding the effects of the drilling process on the considered responses, the results revealed that the spindle speed has a greater effect on the cutting force, whereas the feed rate has the most significant effect on Ra. The significance of the drilling input parameters on the outputs is determined by analysis of the main effect plots and surface plots. Subsequently, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to identify the optimal parametric conditions for minimizing the cutting force and surface roughness of the drilled holes. The optimized values achieved via multi-objective optimization are the cutting force, Fz = 388–466 N, and the surface roughness, Ra = 0.17–0.19 μm and Rt = 3–3.5 μm, respectively.
A Study of Combined Graphical Acoustic Computing and the Depth Peeling Technique on Acoustic Backscattering of Multiple-Layered Structures
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gui Qiang , Yang Yuzheng , Li Wei
Published: September 2023

An efficient graphical acoustic computing (GRACO) method is introduced. Referring to the rendering of semi-transparent objects, the depth peeling (DP) technique is compounded with the GRACO method, forming a combined GRACO and DP method (GRACO–DP) to consider the backscattering of multiple-layered structures in which the contributions of inner structures are included. After that, some examples of GRACO and GRACO–DP are tested to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of such methods. Through the examples of impedance sphere and benchmark models, GRACO can acquire results with higher efficiency and good consistency compared to the traditional KA method. Also, the TS of a pair of circular plates is determined by GRACO, GRACO–DP, and the finite element method (FEM). The results show that GRACO–DP can fit better with the FEM results. Moreover, the TS of a ribbed double shell is predicted by both GRACO and GRACO–DP; the features of a Bragg wave scattered by the periodically arranged inner ribs can be spotted from the result of GRACO–DP.
What’s at Play: Humpback Whale Interaction with Seaweed Is a Global Phenomenon
Authors: Meynecke Jan-Olaf , Kela Hilla
Published: September 2023

The use of objects by cetaceans is well known, and their ability to interact with their environment in complex behaviours has been demonstrated previously. However, baleen whales, including humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), are less often observed to perform object use, but this behaviour might be more common than previously thought. Only a few isolated observations of interactions with seaweed have been reported in the scientific literature to date. The recovery of humpback whale populations, as well as the rise of technology such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the use of social media, allow for a new assessment of this object interaction. Here, we describe in detail three instances of “kelping” on the east coast of Australia derived from aerial observations. A summary of over 100 separate and unrelated events drawn from social media, documented by photographs and videos, suggests that this form of interaction with seaweed is observed across different populations. The form of interaction with seaweed is similar between regions, predominantly displayed between the rostrum and dorsal fin. This behaviour may be playful but could also serve additional benefits in the context of learning and socializing, as well as ectoparasite removal and skin treatment by utilizing brown algae’s antibacterial properties. Establishing this type of behaviour as distributed across different populations is important to better understand the species’ habitat preferences.
On the Possibility of Detecting Pore Pressure Changes in Marine Sediments Using Bottom Seismometer Data
Authors: Tikhotskiy Sergey , Bayuk Irina , Dubinya Nikita
Published: September 2023

This paper is devoted to the detection and analysis of overpressure zones in unconsolidated seafloor sediments using an ocean-bottom seismometer. The methodological aspects of creating a system of anomalous pore pressure zone detection in marine sediments are studied. The aim of this study is to establish the requirements for a pore pressure monitoring system necessary to successfully detect overpressure zones based on seismic response, and to analyze temporal changes in pore pressure distribution. Data from a certain offshore field are used as a basis from which to construct synthetic models of overpressure distribution in marine sediments. Synthetic models are constructed using specially developed rock physics models for unconsolidated saturated media. Seismic responses are calculated for these synthetic models to represent data that otherwise would be obtained from bottom seismometers placed on the seafloor. Resultant seismic responses are studied with respect to the detection of overpressure zones. Possibilities and limitations of bottom seismometer data are discussed. Requirements for the frequency bands of bottom seismometers are formulated based on the results that are obtained.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of a Splitter Plate on Mixing Transfer in the Ducts of a Rotary Energy Recovery Device
Authors: Liu Kai , Liu Xuyu , Wu Lijuan , Zhang Xingkai , Shi Baocheng , Zheng Lixing
Published: September 2023

The rotary energy recovery device (RERD) is integral in reducing energy consumption in desalination processes. The absence of a physical piston in RERD ducts allows salinity transfer from the brine to the seawater stream, which reduces RERD efficiency. To address this challenge, this study investigates the potential of utilizing splitter plates as a flow control technique to decrease the mixing degree within RERDs. Numerical simulations were performed to examine five different splitter plate configurations in RERD ducts in order to identify optimal designs for reducing the mixing degree. The analysis of internal streamlines and vortex distributions revealed that horizontal splitter plates positioned at the duct inlet effectively suppressed swirling flows, while splitter plates positioned at the center of the duct suppressed the formation of flow-induced vortices. This resulted in a more uniform salinity distribution and a reduction in the mass transfer rate between brine and seawater streams. The most significant reduction in the volumetric mixing rate was observed when employing cross-spread splitter plates positioned at the center of the duct. This paper presents an innovative method to reduce the mixing degree in the RERD.
Mechanical Characteristics and Particle Breakage of Calcareous Sand under Quasi-One-Dimensional Impact Load
Authors: Nong Zhen-Zhen , Wang Qing , Hou He-Ying , Jiang Peng-Ming , Zhou Ai-Zhao
Published: September 2023

Calcareous sand, a type of marine sediment formed from the skeletal remains of marine life, exhibits unique characteristics such as high porosity and fragility due to its biological origin. Particle breakage is a key attribute of calcareous sand. Given that foundations on calcareous sand islands encounter various types of loads, including pile driving, aircraft loading, earthquakes, and tsunamis, it is imperative to investigate its mechanical properties and particle breakage under high strain rates. This study focuses on assessing the dynamic mechanical properties of calcareous sand under quasi-one-dimensional impact loads using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. Three particle sizes of calcareous sand with different water contents, strain rates, and relative densities were examined. The particle fragmentation degree of each sand sample was also analyzed quantitatively. The results indicated that stress–strain curves progress through an elastic phase with rapid elevation, followed by a plastic stage with a slower increase under various factors. Within the plastic phase, there are multiple instances of stress drops and recoveries. The stress–strain curves generally decrease as particle size increases, concurrent with an increase in particle breakage. Moisture content has minimal impact on the stress–strain curve; a higher moisture content does correspond to reduced particle breakage. Both the maximum strain and peak stress increase as the strain rate increases, resulting in a higher relative crushing rate. The difference between stress–strain curves under different relative densities diminishes as particle size increases, and greater relative density leads to reduced particle breakage. Functional relationships among peak stress and strain rate, relative fragmentation rate and water content, strain rate and relative density, as well as relative density and peak stress are also established.
Diagnostic Method for Short Circuit Faults at the Generator End of Ship Power Systems Based on MWDN and Deep-Gated RNN-FCN
Authors: Zhang Lanyong , Zhang Ziqi , Peng Huimin
Published: September 2023

Synchronous generators with three phases are crucial components of modern integrated power systems in ships. These generators provide power for the entire operation of the vessel. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to diagnose short-circuit faults at the generator terminal in the ship’s power system to ensure the safe and stable operation of modern ships. In this study, a generator terminal short-circuit fault diagnosis method is proposed based on a hybrid model that combines the Multi-Level Wavelet Decomposition Network, Deep-Gated Recurrent Neural Network, and Fully Convolutional Network. Firstly, the Multi-Level Wavelet Decomposition Network is used to decompose and denoise the collected electrical signals, thus dividing them into sub-signals and extracting their time-domain and frequency-domain features. Secondly, synthetic oversampling based on Gaussian random variables is employed to address the problem of imbalance between normal data and fault data, resulting in a balanced dataset. Finally, the dataset is fed into the hybrid model of the Deep-Gated Recurrent Neural Network and Fully Convolutional Network for feature extraction and classification of faults, ultimately outputting the fault diagnosis results. To validate the performance of the proposed method, simulations and comparative analysis with other algorithms are conducted on the fault diagnosis method. The proposed algorithm’s accuracy reaches 96.82%, precision reaches 97.35%, and the area under curve reaches 0.85, indicating accurate feature extraction and classification for identifying short-circuit faults at the generator terminals.
Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction of the Extreme Response of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines under Operating Conditions
Authors: Wang Kelin , Gaidai Oleg , Wang Fang , Xu Xiaosen , Zhang Tao , Deng Hang
Published: September 2023

The development of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is gradually moving into deeper offshore areas with more harsh environmental loads, and the corresponding structure response should be paid attention to. Safety assessments need to be conducted based on the evaluation of the long-term extreme response under operating conditions. However, the full long-term analysis method (FLTA) recommended by the design code for evaluating extreme response statistics requires significant computational costs. In the present study, a power response prediction method for FOWT based on an artificial neural network algorithm is proposed. FOWT size, structure, and training algorithms from various artificial neural network models to determine optimal network parameters are investigated. A publicly available, high-quality operational dataset is used and processed by the Inverse First Order Reliability Method (IFORM), which significantly reduces simulation time by selecting operating conditions and directly yielding extreme response statistics. Then sensitivity analysis is done regarding the number of neurons and validation check values. Finally, the alternative dataset is used to validate the model. Results show that the proposed neural network model is able to accurately predict the extreme response statistics of FOWT under realistic in situ operating conditions. A proper balance was achieved between prediction accuracy, computational costs, and the robustness of the model.
Design and Optimization of PV Power Supply System for Marine Buoys
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Song Xiaodong , Fu Qiang , Cui Lin , Chen Peng
Published: September 2023

Marine buoys need to operate in high sea areas far from land for a long time. Therefore, how to provide a long-term power supply for the buoy system is critical to be addressed. Photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems are the most commonly used power supply method for marine buoys. Due to the limitations of the buoy structure and considering the rotation of the buoy in the ocean, most of the PV modules are placed in a four-sided enclosure. The output performance of the PV power supply system in this placement is affected by the tilt angle produced by waves. However, there are few relevant studies on the actual power generation performance of PV power supply systems for marine buoys, and there is a lack of methods for power generation performance analysis. In order to meet the power requirements of the marine buoy, a large design margin must be left. It increases the cost of marine buoys. In this paper, second-order Stokes waves are used to simulate waves of different levels by varying the wave height and frequency. The motion characteristics of the marine buoy are analyzed using ANSYS-AQWA under calm-rippled, smooth, slight, and moderate conditions. Combined with the tilted surface irradiance calculation model to get the variation law of solar radiation of PV modules under dynamic conditions, the effect of different tilt angle PV modules on the output of PV system under dynamic conditions was also studied. The experiments show that for every 5° increase in the tilt angle of the PV modules the output power of the system decreases by 3% on average. As the tilt angle of the PV modules increases, the impact on the system output performance is more pronounced. The output power decreased by 69.5% when the PV modules were tilted at an angle of 90°, and the PV system electrical parameters were similarly affected. By comparing the influence of different tilt angles on the power supply performance of PV modules, we optimize the design of the PV power supply system of the buoy. This enables the designers to maximize the use of limited area and space while reducing the cost and extending the power supply time and service life of the buoy.
Optimal Ship Deployment and Sailing Speed under Alternative Fuels
Authors: Wang Haoqing , Liu Yuan , Wang Shuaian , Zhen Lu
Published: September 2023

The European Union (EU) has implemented a sub-quota of 2% for renewable marine fuels to be utilized by vessels operating within its jurisdiction, effective starting from 2034. This progressive policy signifies a significant leap towards reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development. However, it also presents notable challenges for shipping companies, particularly in terms of fuel costs. In order to support shipping companies in devising optimal strategies within the framework of this new policy, this study proposes a mixed-integer linear programming model. This model aims to determine the optimal decisions for fuel choice, sailing speed and the number of vessels on various routes. Furthermore, we showcase the adaptability of our model in response to fluctuations in fuel prices, relevant vessel costs, and the total fleet size of vessels. Through its innovative insights, this research provides invaluable guidance for optimal decision-making processes within shipping companies operating under the new EU policy, enabling them to minimize their total costs effectively.
Assemblage Structure of Ichthyoplankton and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Late Summer-Autumn and Winter in the Beibu Gulf, China
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Wang Jinrun , Tan Yongyu , He Siyuan , Liu Xin , Zhang Haiyan , Hou Gang
Published: September 2023

Being a biologically diversed hotspot in the global marine ecosystem, the Beibu Gulf is inhabited by a high diversity of fish and serves as a vital fishing ground in China. Due to continuous overfishing, the fishery resource has drastically declined in the Beibu Gulf. However, information about the ichthyoplankton assemblages in this area is still lacking. In this present study, ichthyoplankton diversity, spatial and temporal distribution patterns, and assemblage structures were examined using the specimens collected in the late summer–autumn and winter of 2022 in the Beibu Gulf, and the relationship between ichthyoplankton assemblage and environmental variables was studied. A total of 117 ichthyoplankton taxa, belonging to 13 orders and 42 families, were recorded. The most abundant families were Gerreidae, Leiognathidae, and Sillaginidae in late summer–autumn, accounting for 38.74%, 27.95%, and 9.94%, respectively. Sparidae, Platycephalidae, and Sillaginidae were the most abundant families in winter, accounting for 34.03%, 17.15%, and 8.20%, respectively. Cluster analysis identified five assemblages in late summer-autumn and four assemblages in winter. The most characteristic species in each cluster were Terapon jarbua, Sillago sihama, Leiognathus brevirostris, Mene maculate, and Scomberoides tol in late summer-autumn and Scomberomorus commerson, Acanthopagrus latus, Sillago sp., and Evynnis cardinalis in winter. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis indicated that pH, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), depth, dissolved oxygen (DO), sea surface salinity (SSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were the major environmental variables affecting the ichthyoplankton assemblage structure in the Beibu Gulf. The finding of this study will provide valuable information in conserving fish spawning grounds and developing fishery management practices to protect fishery resources in the Beibu Gulf.
Affine Formation Maneuver Control for Multi-Heterogeneous Unmanned Surface Vessels in Narrow Channel Environments
Authors: Liu Yeye , Lin Xiaogong , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2023

This paper investigates the affine formation maneuver control for multi-heterogeneous unmanned surface vessels (USV), aiming to enable them to navigate through narrow channels in the near-sea environment. The approach begins with implementing an affine transformation to facilitate flexible configuration adjustments within the formation system. The affine transformation of the entire formation is achieved by controlling the leaders’ positions. Second, this article introduces an anti-perturbation formation tracking controller for the underactuated vessels, which assume the role of leaders, to accurately follow the arbitrary formation transformation. Third, the followers consist of fully actuated vessels with the same kinematic model as the leaders but different dynamic models. This paper utilizes the affine localizability theorem to derive an expected virtual time-varying trajectory based on the leaders’ trajectory. The followers achieve the desired formation maneuver control by tracking this expected virtual time-varying trajectory through an anti-perturbation formation tracking controller. Finally, the efficacy of the introduced control law is confirmed and supported by the results obtained from rigorous simulation experiments.
Determination of Formulae for the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Fixed Box-Type Free Surface Breakwater in the Intermediate Water
Authors: Niu Guoxu , Chen Yaoyong , Lv Jiao , Zhang Jing , Fan Ning
Published: September 2023

A two-dimensional viscous numerical wave tank coded mass source function in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Flow-3D 11.2 is built and validated. The effect of the core influencing factors (draft, breakwater width, wave period, and wave height) on the hydrodynamic performance of a fixed box-type free surface breakwater (abbreviated to F-BW in the following texts) are highlighted in the intermediate waters. The results show that four influence factors, except wave period, impede wave transmission; the draft and breakwater width boost wave reflection, and the wave period and wave height are opposite; the draft impedes wave energy dissipation, and the wave height is opposite; the draft and wave height boost the horizontal extreme wave force; four influence factors, except the draft, boost the vertical extreme wave force. Finally, new formulas are provided to determine the transmission, reflection, and dissipation coefficients and extreme wave forces of the F-BW by applying multiple linear regression. The new formulas are verified by comparing with existing literature observation datasets. The results show that it is in good agreement with previous datasets.
Immunological Biomarkers as Predictors of Treatment Response in Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Orbe Elif Bayram , Benros Michael Eriksen
Published: September 2023

Psychotic disorders, notably schizophrenia, impose a detrimental burden on both an individual and a societal level. The mechanisms leading to psychotic disorders are multifaceted, with genetics and environmental factors playing major roles. Increasing evidence additionally implicates neuro-inflammatory processes within at least a subgroup of patients with psychosis. While numerous studies have investigated anti-inflammatory add-on treatments to current antipsychotics, the exploration of immunological biomarkers as a predictor of treatment response remains limited. This review outlines the current evidence from trials exploring the potential of baseline inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of the treatment effect of anti-inflammatory drugs as add-ons to antipsychotics and of antipsychotics alone. Several of the studies have found correlations between baseline immunological biomarkers and treatment response; however, only a few studies incorporated baseline biomarkers as a primary endpoint, and the findings thus need to be interpreted with caution. Our review emphasizes the need for additional research on the potential of repurposing anti-inflammatory drugs while utilizing baseline inflammatory biomarkers as a predictor of treatment response and to identify subgroups of individuals with psychotic disorders where add-on treatment with immunomodulating agents would be warranted. Future studies investigating the correlation between baseline inflammatory markers and treatment responses can pave the way for personalized medicine approaches in psychiatry centred around biomarkers such as specific baseline inflammatory biomarkers in psychotic disorders.
Correction: Noguchi et al. Establishment and Characterization of NCC-PMP1-C1: A Novel Patient-Derived Cell Line of Metastatic Pseudomyxoma Peritonei. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 258
Authors: Noguchi Rei , Yoshimatsu Yuki , Sin Yooksil , Ono Takuya , Tsuchiya Ryuto , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kiyono Tohru , Yonemura Yutaka , Kondo Tadashi
Published: September 2023

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Paving the Way for Predicting the Progression of Cognitive Decline: The Potential Role of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Clinical Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Formica Caterina , Bonanno Lilla , Giambò Fabio Mauro , Maresca Giuseppa , Latella Desiree , Marra Angela , Cucinotta Fabio , Bonanno Carmen , Lombardo Marco , Tomarchio Orazio , Quartarone Angelo , Marino Silvia , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Lo Buono Viviana
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder. The prodromal phase of AD is mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The capacity to predict the transitional phase from MCI to AD represents a challenge for the scientific community. The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is useful for diagnostic, predictive analysis starting from the clinical epidemiology of neurodegenerative disorders. We propose a Machine Learning Model (MLM) where the algorithms were trained on a set of neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and clinical data to predict the diagnosis of cognitive decline in both MCI and AD patients. Methods: We built a dataset with clinical and neuropsychological data of 4848 patients, of which 2156 had a diagnosis of AD, and 2684 of MCI, for the Machine Learning Model, and 60 patients were enrolled for the test dataset. We trained an ML algorithm using RoboMate software based on the training dataset, and then calculated its accuracy using the test dataset. Results: The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that diagnostic accuracy was 86%, with an appropriate cutoff value of 1.5; sensitivity was 72%; and specificity reached a value of 91% for clinical data prediction with MMSE. Conclusion: This method may support clinicians to provide a second opinion concerning high prognostic power in the progression of cognitive impairment. The MLM used in this study is based on big data that were confirmed in enrolled patients and given a credibility about the presence of determinant risk factors also supported by a cognitive test score.