bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To pay or not to pay: Measuring risk preferences in lab and field
Authors: Brañas-Garza Pablo , Estepa-Mohedano Lorenzo , Jorrat Diego , Orozco Victor , Rascón-Ramírez Ericka
Published: January 2023

Measuring risk preferences using monetary incentives is costly. In the field, it might be also unfair and unsafe. The commonly used measure of Holt and Laury (2002) relies on a dozen lottery choices and payments, which make it time consuming and expensive. It also raises moral concerns as a result of the unequal payments generated by good and bad luck. Paying some but not all subjects may also create tensions between the researcher and subjects. In a pre-registered study in Honduras, Nigeria and Spain, we use a short version of Holt and Laury where we address all three concerns. We find in the field that not paying at all or paying with and without probabilistic rules makes no difference. Our hypothetical and short version makes our measurement of risk cheaper, fairer and safer.
Different heuristics and same bias: A spectral analysis of biased judgments and individual decision rules
Authors: Svenson Ola , Gonzalez Nichel , Eriksson Gabriella
Published: January 2023

We used correlation and spectral analyses to investigate the cognitive structures and processes producing biased judgments. We used 5 different sets of driving problems to exemplify problems that trigger biases, specifically: (1) underestimation of the impact of occasional slow speeds on mean speed judgments, (2) overestimation of braking capacity after a speed increase, (3) the time saving bias (overestimation of the time saved by increasing a high speed further, and underestimation of time saved when increasing a low speed), (4) underestimation of increase of fatal accident risk when speed is increased, and (5) underestimation of the increase of stopping distance when speed is increased. The results verified the predicted biases. A correlation analysis found no strong links between biases; only accident risk and stopping distance biases were correlated significantly. Spectral analysis of judgments was used to identify different decision rules. Most participants were consistent in their use of a single rule within a problem set with the same bias. The participants used difference, average, weighed average and ratio rules, all producing biased judgments. Among the rules, difference rules were used most frequently across the different biases. We found no personal consistency in the rules used across problem sets. The complexity of rules varied across problem sets for most participants.
Reversing the causal arrow: Incidence and properties of negative backward magical contagion in Americans
Authors: Rozin Paul , Dunn Christopher , Fedotova Natalie
Published: January 2023

Backward magical contagion describes instances in which individuals (sources) express discomfort or pleasure when something connected to them (medium; e.g., hair, a diary) falls into the possession of a negatively- or positively-perceived individual (recipient). The reaction seems illogical, since it is made clear that the source will never experience the object again, and the psychological effect appears to reverse the standard forward model of causality. Backward magical contagion was originally believed to be a belief held only within traditional cultures. Two studies examined negative backward contagion in adult Americans in online surveys. Study 1 indicated that backward contagion effects occur commonly, particularly when a recipient knows of the medium’s source. Study 2 showed that backward contagion effects tend to be neutralized when the recipient burns the object, as opposed to just possessing it or discarding it. Ironically, in traditional cultures, burning is a particularly potent cause of backward contagion.
Reflective thinking predicts lower conspiracy beliefs: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yelbuz Büşra Elif , Madan Ecesu , Alper Sinan
Published: January 2023

One of the many established predictors of conspiracy beliefs is reflective thinking, but no meta-analysis so far has examined this relationship. In the current meta-analysis of published and unpublished correlational data (145 samples, 181 effect sizes), we found a significant negative association between reflective thinking and conspiracy beliefs with a medium-level effect size (r = –.189) . Similar levels of correlations were found across different types of measures (self-report vs. performance-based) and conspiracy beliefs (generic vs. specific). Further, no evidence suggested publication bias in this body of work. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Numerate decision makers don’t use more effortful strategies unless it pays: A process tracing investigation of skilled and adaptive strategy selection in risky decision making
Authors: Traczyk Jakub , Sobkow Agata , Fulawka Kamil , Kus Jakub , Petrova Dafina , Garcia-Retamero Rocio
Published: January 2023

The present study investigated skilled and adaptive strategy selection in risky decision making. We proposed that people with high objective numeracy, a strong predictor of general decision making skill, would have a broad repertoire of choice strategies and adaptively select these strategies depending on the importance of the decision. Thus more objectively numerate people would maximize their effort (e.g., invest more time) in important, high-payoff decisions and switch to a simple, fast heuristic strategy in trivial decisions. Subjective numeracy would, by contrast, be more closely related to interest in problem solving for its own sake and would not yield such an effect of importance. Participants made twelve high-payoff choices and twelve low-payoff choices in binary two-outcome gambles framed as gains. We measured objective and subjective numeracy using standard measures. Results showed that people with high subjective numeracy generally maximized the expected value (EV) in all decisions. In contrast, participants with high objective numeracy maximized EV only when choice problems were meaningful (i.e., they could result in high payoffs). When choice problems were trivial (i.e., choosing the normatively better option would not result in a large payoff), more objectively numerate participants made choices consistent with faster, more frugal heuristic strategies.
Does boredom affect economic risk preferences?
Authors: Pirla Sergio , Navarro-Martinez Daniel
Published: January 2023

Previous literature and conventional wisdom have led researchers to believe that boredom increases economic risk taking, but the evidence in support of this conclusion is limited and has important shortcomings. In four experiments (including more than 1,300 subjects), we systematically studied the effects of boredom on economic risk preferences. Across different risk elicitation tasks, boredom inductions, incentive schemes, subject pools, and using both reduced form and structural analyses, we consistently failed to find an effect of boredom on risky decisions. Our results disprove that boredom leads to even small increments in risk taking in one-shot elicitation tasks, and small to medium increases in multiple-choice elicitations. These findings question an important established belief, contribute to better understand the consequences of boredom, and have substantive implications for experiments on economic decision making.
Evaluation of rice tolerance and weed control with acetochlor and fenclorim
Authors: Avent Tristen H. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton L. , Bateman Nicholas R.
Published: January 2023

Many problematic weeds have evolved resistance to herbicides in mid-southern U.S. rice fields. With the lack of new effective herbicides, rice producers seek alternatives that are currently not labeled for rice production. Inhibitors of very-long chain fatty acid elongase (VLCFA) are currently not labeled for use with U.S. rice crops but are labeled for use in other U.S. row cropping systems and rice production in Asia. Previous research has demonstrated the utility of VLCFA inhibitors for weed control in rice; however, these herbicides induce variable amounts of injury to the crop when applied early in the growing season. Experiments were initiated in 2020 and 2021 at the Rice Research and Extension Center near Stuttgart, AR, to evaluate rice tolerance and weed control with acetochlor and seed treatment with a herbicide safener, fenclorim. Three rates of a microencapsulated formulation of acetochlor (630, 1,260, and 1,890 g ai ha−1), four application timings (preemergence, PRE; delayed-preemergence, DPRE; spiking; and 1-leaf), and without or with the fenclorim seed treatment (2.5 g kg−1 of seed) were used to evaluate rice tolerance, weedy rice control, and barnyardgrass control. Acetochlor applied DPRE at 1,260 g ai ha−1 provided better weedy rice and barnyardgrass control than applications at the 1-leaf stage at the same rate. Acetochlor rates of 1,260 and 1,890 g ai ha−1 reduced barnyardgrass and weedy rice densities by more greater than the 630 g ai ha−1 rate. The fenclorim seed treatment did not influence weedy rice or barnyardgrass control but did reduce injury for DPRE acetochlor applications. Based on these results, acetochlor can be safely applied to rice DPRE (≤19% injury) at 1,260 g ai ha−1 when the seed is treated with fenclorim, leading to ≥88% barnyardgrass and ≥45% weedy rice control 28 d after treatment.
Tandem GCIB-ToF-SIMS and GCIB-XPS analyses of the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on brass
Authors: Finšgar Matjaž
Published: January 2023

Surface analysis of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBTH) adsorbed on brass from 3 wt.% NaCl solution was performed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tandem (MS/MS) time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). These surface analytical techniques were used in association with the gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering method at various acceleration energies and cluster sizes, which slowly removes the surface layer and leaves the chemical information intact during the sputtering of the very thin surface layer. In addition, MS1 ToF-SIMS was used for 2D and 3D imaging to show the molecular and elemental distribution of the surface species. Using the tandem ToF-SIMS capability, the MS2 spectra clearly confirmed the presence of MBTH on the surface. Moreover, organometallic complexes were indicated, which formed between the MBTH and Cu ions released due to the corrosion of the brass. These analyses were performed based on the fragmentation products identified in the MS2 spectra.
scChIX-seq infers dynamic relationships between histone modifications in single cells
Authors: Yeung Jake , Florescu Maria , Zeller Peter , de Barbanson Buys Anton , Wellenstein Max D. , van Oudenaarden Alexander
Published: January 2023

Regulation of chromatin states involves the dynamic interplay between different histone modifications to control gene expression. Recent advances have enabled mapping of histone marks in single cells, but most methods are constrained to profile only one histone mark per cell. Here, we present an integrated experimental and computational framework, scChIX-seq (single-cell chromatin immunocleavage and unmixing sequencing), to map several histone marks in single cells. scChIX-seq multiplexes two histone marks together in single cells, then computationally deconvolves the signal using training data from respective histone mark profiles. This framework learns the cell-type-specific correlation structure between histone marks, and therefore does not require a priori assumptions of their genomic distributions. Using scChIX-seq, we demonstrate multimodal analysis of histone marks in single cells across a range of mark combinations. Modeling dynamics of in vitro macrophage differentiation enables integrated analysis of chromatin velocity. Overall, scChIX-seq unlocks systematic interrogation of the interplay between histone modifications in single cells.
Facile repurposing of peptide–MHC-restricted antibodies for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Xinbo , Nishimiya Daisuke , Löchte Sara , Jude Kevin M. , Borowska Marta , Savvides Christina S. , Dougan Michael , Su Leon , Zhao Xiang , Piehler Jacob , Garcia K. Christopher
Published: January 2023

Monoclonal antibodies (Abs) that recognize major histocompatability complex (MHC)-presented tumor antigens in a manner similar to T cell receptors (TCRs) have great potential as cancer immunotherapeutics. However, isolation of ‘TCR-mimic’ (TCRm) Abs is laborious because Abs have not evolved the structurally nuanced peptide–MHC restriction of αβ-TCRs. Here, we present a strategy for rapid isolation of highly peptide-specific and ‘MHC-restricted’ Abs by re-engineering preselected Abs that engage peptide–MHC in a manner structurally similar to that of conventional αβ-TCRs. We created structure-based libraries focused on the peptide-interacting residues of TCRm Ab complementarity-determining region (CDR) loops, and rapidly generated MHC-restricted Abs to both mouse and human tumor antigens that specifically killed target cells when formatted as IgG, bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T). Crystallographic analysis of one selected pMHC-restricted Ab revealed highly peptide-specific recognition, validating the engineering strategy. This approach can yield tumor antigen-specific antibodies in several weeks, potentially enabling rapid clinical translation.
A spatial genome aligner for resolving chromatin architectures from multiplexed DNA FISH
Authors: Jia Bojing Blair , Jussila Adam , Kern Colin , Zhu Quan , Ren Bing
Published: January 2023

Multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a widely used approach for analyzing three-dimensional genome organization, but it is challenging to derive chromosomal conformations from noisy fluorescence signals, and tracing chromatin is not straightforward. Here we report a spatial genome aligner that parses true chromatin signal from noise by aligning signals to a DNA polymer model. Using genomic distances separating imaged loci, our aligner estimates spatial distances expected to separate loci on a polymer in three-dimensional space. Our aligner then evaluates the physical probability observed signals belonging to these loci are connected, thereby tracing chromatin structures. We demonstrate that this spatial genome aligner can efficiently model chromosome architectures from DNA FISH data across multiple scales and be used to predict chromosome ploidies de novo in interphase cells. Reprocessing of previous whole-genome chromosome tracing data with this method indicates the spatial aggregation of sister chromatids in S/G2 phase cells in asynchronous mouse embryonic stem cells and provides evidence for extranumerary chromosomes that remain tightly paired in postmitotic neurons of the adult mouse cortex.
Dynamic, adaptive sampling during nanopore sequencing using Bayesian experimental design
Authors: Weilguny Lukas , De Maio Nicola , Munro Rory , Manser Charlotte , Birney Ewan , Loose Matthew , Goldman Nick
Published: January 2023

Nanopore sequencers can select which DNA molecules to sequence, rejecting a molecule after analysis of a small initial part. Currently, selection is based on predetermined regions of interest that remain constant throughout an experiment. Sequencing efforts, thus, cannot be re-focused on molecules likely contributing most to experimental success. Here we present BOSS-RUNS, an algorithmic framework and software to generate dynamically updated decision strategies. We quantify uncertainty at each genome position with real-time updates from data already observed. For each DNA fragment, we decide whether the expected decrease in uncertainty that it would provide warrants fully sequencing it, thus optimizing information gain. BOSS-RUNS mitigates coverage bias between and within members of a microbial community, leading to improved variant calling; for example, low-coverage sites of a species at 1% abundance were reduced by 87.5%, with 12.5% more single-nucleotide polymorphisms detected. Such data-driven updates to molecule selection are applicable to many sequencing scenarios, such as enriching for regions with increased divergence or low coverage, reducing time-to-answer.
Recording of cellular physiological histories along optically readable self-assembling protein chains
Authors: Linghu Changyang , An Bobae , Shpokayte Monika , Celiker Orhan T. , Shmoel Nava , Zhang Ruihan , Zhang Chi , Park Demian , Park Won Min , Ramirez Steve , Boyden Edward S.
Published: January 2023

Observing cellular physiological histories is key to understanding normal and disease-related processes. Here we describe expression recording islands—a fully genetically encoded approach that enables both continual digital recording of biological information within cells and subsequent high-throughput readout in fixed cells. The information is stored in growing intracellular protein chains made of self-assembling subunits, human-designed filament-forming proteins bearing different epitope tags that each correspond to a different cellular state or function (for example, gene expression downstream of neural activity or pharmacological exposure), allowing the physiological history to be read out along the ordered subunits of protein chains with conventional optical microscopy. We use expression recording islands to record gene expression timecourse downstream of specific pharmacological and physiological stimuli in cultured neurons and in living mouse brain, with a time resolution of a fraction of a day, over periods of days to weeks.
Collagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone repair in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Chacon Erivelto Luís , Bertolo Mirella Romanelli Vicente , de Guzzi Plepis Ana Maria , da Conceição Amaro Martins Virginia , dos Santos Geovane Ribeiro , Pinto Clovis Antônio Lopes , Pelegrine André Antônio , Teixeira Marcelo Lucchesi , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Nazari Fabricio Montenegro , Buchaim Rogerio Leone , Sugano Gustavo Tenório , da Cunha Marcelo Rodrigues
Published: January 2023

Lesions with bone loss may require autologous grafts, which are considered the gold standard; however, natural or synthetic biomaterials are alternatives that can be used in clinical situations that require support for bone neoformation. Collagen and hydroxyapatite have been used for bone repair based on the concept of biomimetics, which can be combined with chitosan, forming a scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. However, osteoporosis caused by gonadal hormone deficiency can thus compromise the expected results of the osseointegration of scaffolds. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoregenerative capacity of collagen (Co)/chitosan (Ch)/hydroxyapatite (Ha) scaffolds in rats with hormone deficiency caused by experimental bilateral ovariectomy. Forty-two rats were divided into non-ovariectomized (NO) and ovariectomized (O) groups, divided into three subgroups: control (empty defect) and two subgroups receiving collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds prepared using different methods of hydroxyapatite incorporation, in situ (CoChHa1) and ex situ (CoChHa2). The defect areas were submitted to macroscopic, radiological, and histomorphometric analysis. No inflammatory processes were found in the tibial defect area that would indicate immune rejection of the scaffolds, thus confirming the biocompatibility of the biomaterials. Bone formation starting from the margins of the bone defect were observed in all rats, with a greater volume in the NO groups, particularly the group receiving CoChHa2. Less bone formation was found in the O subgroups when compared to the NO. In conclusion, collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds stimulate bone growth in vivo but abnormal conditions of bone fragility caused by gonadal hormone deficiency may have delayed the bone repair process.
Scaling of agent-based models to evaluate transmission risks of infectious diseases
Authors: Thomas Peter J. , Marvell Aidan
Published: January 2023

The scaling behaviour of agent-based computational models, to evaluate transmission risks of infectious diseases, is addressed. To this end we use an existing computational code, made available in the public domain by its author, to analyse the system dynamics from a general perspective. The goal being to obtain deeper insight into the system behaviour than can be obtained from considering raw data alone. The data analysis collapses the output data for infection numbers and leads to closed-form expressions for the results. It is found that two parameters are sufficient to summarize the system development and the scaling of the data. One of the parameters characterizes the overall system dynamics. It represents a scaling factor for time when expressed in iteration steps of the computational code. The other parameter identifies the instant when the system adopts its maximum infection rate. The data analysis methodology presented constitutes a means for a quantitative intercomparison of predictions for infection numbers, and infection dynamics, for data produced by different models and can enable a quantitative comparison to real-world data.
Prisoner’s dilemma game model Based on historical strategy information
Authors: Gou Zhiqiang , Li Ya
Published: January 2023

In many dilemmas, decisions are determined not by a single factor, but by multiple ones, including memory, reputation, reward and punishment. In recent years, how to design a mechanism to promote cooperation has become a research hot-spot. However, most of the previous studies mainly consider the historical benefits of the game, and pay less attention to the stability of the strategy (the frequency of strategy changes in the length of memory) and the proportion of memory in decision-making. The decision-making process of group evolution involves the influence of memory information on cooperative evolution in multi round games. It makes up for the lack of stability factors and weights in previous studies. Based on the above factors, a new strategy update rule is proposed to study the influence of the stability of historical strategy information on the evolution of cooperation in prisoner’s dilemma game, and the influence of memory weight on cooperation is considered. The stability of the current strategy is measured by the strategy in historical memory (the number of times the strategy in memory is continuous and consistent with the current strategy), which can determine the probability of an individual learning the neighbor strategy next time. Numerical simulation shows that an appropriate increase in the length of historical memory is more conducive to the emergence of cooperation, and the greater the weight of historical strategy information is, the more conducive to promoting cooperation, which shows that historical strategy information is still the main factor in decision-making. This study will help us understand the cooperative evolution of many real systems, such as nature, biology, society and so on, and effectively design reasonable mechanisms to promote cooperation.
A deep learning framework assisted echocardiography with diagnosis, lesion localization, phenogrouping heterogeneous disease, and anomaly detection
Authors: Liu Bohan , Chang Hao , Yang Dong , Yang Feifei , Wang Qiushuang , Deng Yujiao , Li Lijun , Lv Wenqing , Zhang Bo , Yu Liheng , Burkhoff Daniel , He Kunlun
Published: January 2023

Echocardiography is the first-line diagnostic technique for heart diseases. Although artificial intelligence techniques have made great improvements in the analysis of echocardiography, the major limitations remain to be the built neural networks are normally adapted to a few diseases and specific equipment. Here, we present an end-to-end deep learning framework named AIEchoDx that differentiates four common cardiovascular diseases (Atrial Septal Defect, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, prior Myocardial Infarction) from normal subjects with performance comparable to that of consensus of three senior cardiologists in AUCs (99.50% vs 99.26%, 98.75% vs 92.75%, 99.57% vs 97.21%, 98.52% vs 84.20%, and 98.70% vs 89.41%), respectively. Meanwhile, AIEchoDx accurately recognizes critical lesion regions of interest along with each disease by visualizing the decision-making process. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that heterogeneous diseases, like dilated cardiomyopathy, could be classified into two phenogroups with distinct clinical characteristics. Finally, AIEchoDx performs efficiently as an anomaly detection tool when applying handheld device-produced videos. Together, AIEchoDx provides a potential diagnostic assistant tool in either cart-based echocardiography equipment or handheld echocardiography device for primary and point-of-care medical personnel with high diagnostic performance, and the application of lesion region identification and heterogeneous disease phenogrouping, which may broaden the application of artificial intelligence in echocardiography.
Contrast sensitivity in glaucoma patients with visual field defects at different locations
Authors: Jang Ji Yong , Lee Eun Ji
Published: January 2023

Contrast sensitivity (CS) is closely associated with vision-related quality of life in glaucoma patients. This cross-sectional study was performed to determine the relationship between CS and visual field (VF) sensitivity (VFS) according to the hemifield location of VF defects in 238 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) who underwent 24-2 standard automated perimetry and CS measurement on the same day. Of the 238 eyes, 83, 58, and 47 eyes had VF defects in the superior, inferior and both hemifields, respectively, and 50 had no VF defects in either hemifield. Significant correlations between CS and VFS in all sectors were observed in the entire cohort (R2 = 0.103–0.315, all P < 0.001). However, CS poorly represented VF defects in eyes with single superior (R2 = 0.037–0.086) or inferior (R2 = 0.107–0.222) hemifield defects. Eyes with bi-hemifield VF defects showed significant correlations between VFS and CS at 0.3 m in all sectors (R2 = 0.200–0.406), but the correlation between VFS and CS at 5 m was significant only in the inferior sector (R2 = 0.224–0.348 vs. 0.081–0.126 in the inferior and superior sectors, respectively). Correlations between CS and VFS were dependent on CS distances and the presence of bi-hemifield VF defects. Although CS may not correlate with VFS in eyes with single-hemifield VF defects, it may reflect visual disability in eyes with bi-hemifield defects.
Covalently bridged pillararene-based polymers: structures, synthesis, and applications
Authors: Li Zhanghuan , Shen Ziyan , Pei Yuxin , Chao Shuang , Pei Zhichao
Published: January 2023

This feature article reviews the structural design, synthetic methods and multi-field applications of covalently bridged pillararene-based polymers (CBPPs).
Anchored RuSe2nanospheres on Co–N–C nanosheets boost electrocatalytic alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Nan , Shi Minghao , Zhan Wei , Shen Wenjing , Wu Mianmian , Sun Guifang , Li Qingfei , Ma Jiangquan
Published: January 2023

RuSe2/Co–N–C catalyst has excellent properties in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Effects of distortions in ion-host systems on optical spectra, crystal-field and spin-Hamiltonian parameters of Cr3+ ions doped pyrochlores Y2Ti2O7 and Y2Sn2O7: exchange charge model and superposition model calculations
Authors: Biswas Anwesha , Sarkar Shankhanil , Jana Yatramohan , Swarnakar Debasish , Rudowicz Czesław
Published: January 2023

Comparative modelling of the crystal-field parameters (CFPs), CF energy levels, and effective spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the ground state 4A2g of the Cr3+ dopant ions in Y2Ti2O7 and Y2Sn2O7 is carried out.
Aromatic heterocyclic anion based ionic liquids and electrolytes
Authors: Ahmed Mukhtiar , Rao Soniya S. , Filippov Andrei , Johansson Patrik , Shah Faiz Ullah
Published: January 2023

For five new fluorine-free ionic materials – two room temperature ionic liquids, one semi-solid, and two organic ionic plastic crystals – ion-ion interactions are studied and Li-conducting electrolytes created.
From green innovations in oligopeptide to oligonucleotide sustainable synthesis: differences and synergies in TIDES chemistry
Authors: Ferrazzano Lucia , Corbisiero Dario , Tolomelli Alessandra , Cabri Walter
Published: January 2023

Can the green innovations introduced in peptide synthesis be transferred to oligonucleotide manufacturing? A critical analysis to disclose the green potential of TIDES.
Synthesis of polymeric surfactant containing bis-cationic motifs as a highly efficient acid corrosion inhibitor for C1018 carbon steel
Authors: Yaagoob Ibrahim Y. , Goni Lipiar K. M. O. , Mazumder Mohammad A. J. , Ali Shaikh A. , Quraishi Mumtaz A. , Verma Chandrabhan
Published: January 2023

The present study described synthesizing and characterizing a poly(methyldiallylammonium chloride)-based surfactant containing bis-cationic motifs (9) through a series of reactions. It was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for C1018 CS in 1 M HCl.
Graphdiyne supported Ag–Cu tandem catalytic scheme for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2to C2+products
Authors: Zhu Qiuying , Hu Yuying , Chen Hongyu , Meng Chen , Shang Yizhu , Hao Chengcheng , Wei Shuxian , Wang Zhaojie , Lu Xiaoqing , Liu Siyuan
Published: January 2023

A highly dispersed Ag–Cu tandem catalyst relying on graphdiyne is committed to efficient conversion in the CO2RR to C2+products.
Rifts in rafts
Authors: Tô Khá-Î , Nagel Sidney R.
Published: January 2023

Particle rafts floating on expanding liquid substrates exhibit velocity-dependent failure morphology and provide an accessible model system for studying cluster formation and material failure across many scales from the microscopic to the celestial.
Synergistic effect of p53 gene/DOX intracellular delivery and P-gp inhibition by pullulan thiomers on cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo evaluations
Authors: S. S. Priya , M. R. Rekha
Published: January 2023

Enhanced intracellular doxorubicin retention due to P-glycoprotein inhibition by the cationic thiomers and the improved chemosensitivity by p53 gene expression increased the cancer cell death significantly even at a dose much lower than its IC50.
Doping dependent dual-response mechanoluminescence in ZnGa2O4
Authors: Zheng Xiaowei , Cheng Yao , Gao Yan , Hu Tao , Xu Ju , Lin Hang , Wang Yuansheng
Published: January 2023

Dual-response mechanoluminescence (ML) enables light emission upon both the application and withdrawal of mechanical stress, which can provide novel opportunities for stress-sensing.
Mini-entretiens multiples : un outil pour la réforme de l’accès aux études en santé en France
Authors: Villain Cédric , Passirani Catherine , Gouel Yamina , Lerolle Nicolas , BENHAIM Annie , Touzé Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

Introduction : Depuis la loi de santé de 2019, les modalités d’accès aux études en maïeutique, médecine, odontologie et pharmacie comportent des épreuves écrites et, pour une partie des étudiants, au moins une épreuve orale. Les mini-entretiens multiples (MEM) permettent d’évaluer les capacités de communication, l’empathie ou les capacités de travail en groupe et sont moins biaisés que les entretiens individuels traditionnels. Cet article propose une revue narrative de la littérature afin d’évaluer la faisabilité des MEM dans le contexte français. Méthodes : Cet article de synthèse s’appuie sur une recherche bibliographique à partir de la base PubMed avec le mot clé « Multiple Mini Interview ». Les articles sélectionnés devaient traiter au moins une des questions suivantes relatives aux MEM : organisation, acceptabilité, compétences évaluées, prédiction des performances. Résultats : Les MEM ont été utilisés pour la sélection des candidats à de nombreuses filières en santé et dans de nombreux pays. Les résultats obtenus aux MEM à l’admission sont corrélés aux performances obtenues lors des stages cliniques et des ECOS durant le cursus universitaire. Cependant, certaines caractéristiques des candidats peuvent influer les résultats obtenus (âge, facteurs socio-économiques) et les MEM mobilisent de nombreux évaluateurs pour leur mise en œuvre. Conclusion : Les MEM sont une modalité d’évaluation reproductible et validée pour la sélection des étudiants en santé, en complément de l’évaluation des aptitudes cognitives. Ils devraient être largement utilisés pour la sélection des étudiants en santé en France, depuis la réforme de l’accès aux études en santé.
« Cours, Forrest, cours ! »... Quand le cinéma encense la marque Nike
Authors: Gerville-Réache Hugo , Bauer Thomas
Published: January 2023

Au cœur d’une industrie moderne où la culture populaire s’entremêle avec la culture matérielle, cette étude vise à décrypter, d’un point de vue sémiologique, la présence du langage marketing de Nike à l’intérieur du film Forrest Gump (1994) de Robert Zemeckis. Ce film a été réalisé dans un contexte où les propriétaires de la marque, qui sont remerciés pour leur assistance par les producteurs du film, tentaient de parfaire son image en déposant le nouveau slogan « Just Do It ». Il est donc intéressant d’appréhender la façon dont le réalisateur du film, dans la mise en scène de son personnage principal, Forrest Gump, suggère un lien de causalité entre la pratique du « running » et la chaussure de sport. Du fait de sa forte proéminence audiovisuelle dans l’ensemble du récit, l’histoire de la marque à la virgule se fond dans l’histoire racontée, laquelle contribue à perpétuer in fine sa propre mythologie.
Zuverlässigkeit eines Klassifizierungssystems zur Beurteilung
eines Tortikollis beim Säugling
Authors: Luthin Dirk
Published: January 2023

Das Klassifizierungssystem (CMT-SCS) ist ein zuverlässiges
Diagnostikinstrument zur Beurteilung der Schwere eines angeborenen
muskulären Schiefhalses. Allerdings ist die Prognose an eine
frühzeitige Diagnosestellung gebunden. Dabei kann die Osteopathie im Rahmen
einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit einen sinnvollen Beitrag
leisten.
Tandem Deoxygenative Geminal Fluorosulfonimidation of 1,2-Diketones via Formal N–F Insertion Enabled by Dealkylation-Resistant Phosphoramidite
Authors: Bak Sujin , Son Yeri , Choi Jun-Ho , Chung Won-jin , Hwang Sunjoo , Kim Ha Eun
Published: January 2023

Our group has recently developed an α-fluoroamine synthesis using dioxaphospholenes derived from various 1,2-diketones and the dealkylation-resistant phosphoramidite as carbene surrogates, enabling the formal insertion into the N–F bond of (PhSO2)2NF. This full account presents the scope and limitations in terms of the reactivity and the site selectivity; these were rationalized through computational analysis. In addition, the efforts to broaden the synthetic utility of the current process by incorporating other nitrogen nucleophiles and halogen electrophiles are described.
Endoscopic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis using white light imaging and texture and color enhancement imaging
Authors: Kitagawa Yoshiyasu , Koga Kunishige , Ishigaki Asuka , Nishii Rino , Sugita Osamu , Suzuki Takuto
Published: January 2023

Background and study aims Texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) is a new image-enhanced endoscopy that augments subtle tissue differences and color changes in gastric mucosa. This study aimed to compare the usefulness of TXI and white light imaging (WLI) for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

Patients and methods We retrospectively prepared one image set with 22 endoscopic images acquired by WLI and TXI from 60 consecutive patients individually. Five endoscopists independently reviewed the randomly displayed image sets and assessed the H. pylori infection status on endoscopy according to the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis. The primary endpoints were the accuracies of WLI and TXI in diagnosing H. pylori-active gastritis. The correlation of the endoscopic features with the three H. pylori infection statuses (current infection, past infection, and noninfection) was also evaluated.

Results Diagnostic accuracy for active gastritis was significantly higher in TXI than in WLI (85.3 % vs. 78.7 %; P = 0.034). All the specific endoscopic features associated with H. pylori infection statuses had a higher odds ratio with TXI than with WLI. Additionally, interobserver agreement among the five reviewers was higher in TXI than in WLI, except for one pair.

Conclusions TXI may improve the endoscopic diagnosis accuracy for H. pylori infection.
Feeding Practice, Nutrition, and Growth in Infants with Abdominal Wall Defects and Esophageal Atresia: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Sparre Signe , Zachariassen Gitte , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , Husby Steffen , Holm Kristina Garne
Published: January 2023

Introduction Infants born with abdominal wall defects and esophageal atresia (EA) are at risk of impaired growth. Little is known about the optimal nutritional strategy and its impact on growth for these infants. This study aims to explore nutrition, focusing on breastfeeding, and the presumed impact on infant growth during the first year of life.

Materials and Methods We performed a registry study. The participants comprised infants born with gastroschisis, omphalocele, or EA from 2009 to 2020. Breastfed healthy infants from the Odense Child Cohort served as the control group. Descriptive statistics were applied when presenting data on nutrition. Growth data were converted to weight z-scores at birth and at discharge, and estimated weight z-scores at 6 and 12 months were calculated. Univariate regression analysis was applied.

Results The study included 168 infants in the study group and 403 infants in the control group. Exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge were as follows: 55.7% (gastroschisis), 58.3% (omphalocele), 50.9% (EA), and 7.7% (long-gap EA). For the study group our data demonstrate no difference in growth at 1 year of age when comparing mother's milk to formula feeding. During the first year of life, infants in the study group showed slower growth compared with the control group. At 12 months of age, all infants had a mean weight z-score above –2.

Conclusion Breastfeeding in infants with abdominal wall defects and EA can be established without compromising growth. Mother's milk can be recommended for infants with abdominal wall defects and EA.
Dual nature of volatility on drop wetting dynamics of acetone–isopropanol mixtures on ultrathin smooth oil films
Authors: He Ziwen , Upoma Marufa Akter , Pack Min Y.
Published: January 2023

Volatile drop impacts are commonplace among various industrial and natural processes and are most often studied under Leidenfrost conditions, where a vaporized film sustains the drop weight or reverses drop momentum. The vapor thrust generated is, therefore, a function of many variables such as the enthalpy of vaporization, the superheat, the specific heat capacity of the vapor, vapor thermal diffusivity, and the vapor film thickness. In this study, volatile drop impact and wetting dynamics of acetone and isopropanol mixtures at a normal temperature and pressure were shown to generate enough thrust from evaporation alone during the impact process and allow for unique contact dynamics. Volatility was controlled by varying the acetone concentration in isopropanol mixtures [O(1–10 kPa)] to keep surface tension relatively constant, while the vapor pressure and viscosity increased. Wetting onset was tracked using a high-speed optical total internal reflection microscopy technique where an increase in the vapor pressure enhanced wetting onset (i.e., pure acetone). However, the concentrations between ≈ 49% and 66% isopropanol, which have vapor pressures of ≈11.3–14.8 kPa, respectively, caused drops to rebound at We up to We ≈ 21, beyond the classic disjoining pressure dominant regime of We > 10.
Flow characteristics and wake topology of two-seat convertibles
Authors: Lai Chenguang , Zhu Shengji , Feng Shuai , Zhai Guangtao , Tan Liangkui , Obayashi Shigeru
Published: January 2023

This study aims to clarify the flow characteristics and the wake structure of convertible vehicles. Numerical simulations are performed to obtain a preliminary visualization, and the potential vortical motion characteristics are investigated by examining the Q-criterion across multiple cross sections. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results validate the reasonableness of our numerical model. The predominant wake topology of a two-seat convertible is obtained in terms of the location, shape, and spin direction of the vortices. We observe a “nook” vortex that is triggered by the flow acceleration induced by the pressure gradient near the windshield step, provoking undesirable aeroacoustic noise and degrading the cabin comfort. Complicated A-pillar vortex dynamics are revealed, with small vortices that are shed into the cabin and impinge the seats, eventually forming a long tail structure above the back of the vehicle. Moreover, periodic fluctuations of the windshield vortex are induced by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, significant impacting the streamwise wake. Ultimately, the combined motion characteristics of the A-pillar and windshield vortices exert undesirable effects on the aeroacoustic noise and drag, suggesting fundamental mechanisms for achieving optimal energy-saving and acoustic convertibles in the future. Based on the wake topology and the vortical generating mechanism, some approaches are proposed to reduce the drag and aeroacoustic noise by impeding the flow over the door into the cabin, modifying the shape of windshield step, and lengthening the windshield in stream direction.
Theory, implementation, and disappointing results for two-photon absorption cross sections within the doubly electron-attached equation-of-motion coupled-cluster framework
Authors: Nanda Kaushik D. , Gulania Sahil , Krylov Anna I.
Published: January 2023

The equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method with double electron attachment (EOM-DEA-CCSD) is capable of computing reliable energies, wave functions, and first-order properties of excited states in diradicals and polyenes that have a significant doubly excited character with respect to the ground state, without the need for including the computationally expensive triple excitations. Here, we extend the capabilities of the EOM-DEA-CCSD method to the calculations of a multiphoton property, two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections. Closed-form expressions for the 2PA cross sections are derived within the expectation-value approach using response wave functions. We analyze the performance of this new implementation by comparing the EOM-DEA-CCSD energies and 2PA cross sections with those computed using the CC3 quadratic response theory approach. As benchmark systems, we consider transitions to the states with doubly excited character in twisted ethene and in polyenes, for which EOM-EE-CCSD (EOM-CCSD for excitation energies) performs poorly. The EOM-DEA-CCSD 2PA cross sections are comparable with the CC3 results for twisted ethene; however, the discrepancies between the two methods are large for hexatriene. The observed trends are explained by configurational analysis of the 2PA channels.
Physical mechanisms of the Soret effect in binary Lennard-Jones liquids elucidated with thermal-response calculations
Authors: Schelling Patrick K.
Published: January 2023

The Soret effect is the tendency of fluid mixtures to exhibit concentration gradients in the presence of a temperature gradient. Using molecular-dynamics simulation of two-component Lennard-Jones liquids, it is demonstrated that spatially sinusoidal heat pulses generate both temperature and pressure gradients. Over short timescales, the dominant effect is the generation of compressional waves, which dissipate over time as the system approaches mechanical equilibrium. The approach to mechanical equilibrium is also characterized by a decrease in particle density in the high-temperature region and an increase in particle density in the low-temperature region. It is demonstrated that concentration gradients develop rapidly during the propagation of compressional waves through the liquid. Over longer timescales, heat conduction occurs to return the system to thermal equilibrium, with the particle current acting to restore a more uniform particle density. It is shown that the Soret effect arises due to the fact that the two components of the fluid exhibit different responses to pressure gradients. First, the so-called isotope effect occurs because light atoms tend to respond more rapidly to evolving conditions. In this case, there appears to be a connection to previous observations of “fast sound” in binary fluids. Second, it is shown that the partial pressures of the two components in equilibrium, and more directly, the relative magnitudes of their derivatives with respect to temperature and density, determine which species accumulate in the high- and low-temperature regions. In the conditions simulated here, the dependence of the partial pressure on density gradients is larger than the dependence on temperature gradients. This is directly connected to the accumulation of the species with the largest partial pressure in the high-temperature region and the accumulation of the species with the smallest partial pressure in the low-temperature region. The results suggest that further development of theoretical descriptions of the Soret effect might begin with hydrodynamical equations in two-component liquids. Finally, it is suggested that the recently proposed concept of “thermophobicity” may be related to the sensitivity of partial pressures in a multicomponent fluid to changes in temperature and density.
Vibrational relaxation by methylated xanthines in solution: Insights from 2D IR spectroscopy and calculations
Authors: Hanes Alex T. , Grieco Christopher , Lalisse Remy F. , Hadad Christopher M. , Kohler Bern
Published: January 2023

Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, infrared pump–infrared probe spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations were used to study vibrational relaxation by ring and carbonyl stretching modes in a series of methylated xanthine derivatives in acetonitrile and deuterium oxide (heavy water). Isotropic signals from the excited symmetric and asymmetric carbonyl stretch modes decay biexponentially in both solvents. Coherent energy transfer between the symmetric and asymmetric carbonyl stretching modes gives rise to a quantum beat in the time-dependent anisotropy signals. The damping time of the coherent oscillation agrees with the fast decay component of the carbonyl bleach recovery signals, indicating that this time constant reflects intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) to other solute modes. Despite their similar frequencies, the excited ring modes decay monoexponentially with a time constant that matches the slow decay component of the carbonyl modes. The slow decay times, which are faster in heavy water than in acetonitrile, approximately match the ones observed in previous UV pump–IR probe measurements on the same compounds. The slow component is assigned to intermolecular energy transfer to solvent bath modes from low-frequency solute modes, which are populated by IVR and are anharmonically coupled to the carbonyl and ring stretch modes. 2D IR measurements indicate that the carbonyl stretching modes are weakly coupled to the delocalized ring modes, resulting in slow exchange that cannot explain the common solvent-dependence. IVR is suggested to occur at different rates for the carbonyl vs ring modes due to differences in mode-specific couplings and not to differences in the density of accessible states.