bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Design of Ergonomic Wheelchair For Disabled People
Authors: Soewardi H , Afgani M K A
Published: September 2019

For disabled people, difficulties in daily activities still become a major problem, especially for those who do not have normal legs. This condition requires an appliance to ease them in moving that is wheelchair. However, the use of the existing wheelchair still gives problems such as pain in buttock (90%), waist (93%), hands (86%), thigh (90%), and back (93%). Furthermore, the chair is easily damaged (83%), difficult to manoeuvre and move (83%), as well as expensive (67%). Thus, it is crucial to improve wheelchair. The objective of this study was to propose an ergonomic and innovative redesign of wheelchair in order to be able to satisfy users’ need. The QFD method was used to determine the design specification of the wheelchair. Survey was done to identify user requirements of the design. Statistical analysis was implemented to test hypothesis. The result of this study showed that the proposed design of the wheelchair is valid to satisfy user criteria at 5% significance level since it is more comfortable, stronger, affordable, easier to use, easier to repair and easier to move.
Pilot Fatigue Risk Analysis: Conceptual Study at Flight Operation of Garuda Indonesia’s Boeing 737 Pilots
Authors: Hamsal M , Zein F A
Published: September 2019

Fatigue in aviation is a critical field, since it will influence many passengers’ safety. Garuda Indonesia is a Flag Carrier of the largest archipelago national, which cover three different time zones. This study aims at analyzing the airline pilot’s fatigue contributors at Boeing 737 fleet, the short to medium haul flight operation workhorse of Garuda Indonesia, which fly domestic and regional flights. While in the aviation industry, most of the human factors related fatigue research focused on long-haul pilots, since the exposure of their duties towards jet-lag. However, short-haul pilots experience of flight operation of less than 8 hours flight time per flight sector, multiple flight sectors a day, with the set of two pilots for each rotation pattern causes their elevated levels of fatigue. Classification of fatigue are; physical decline, mental decline, and rest defects. Fatigue of Garuda Indonesia’s Boeing 737 pilot is affected by; duty assignment, personal lifestyle, work environment, rest environment, unresolved stress, and illness. Finding the variables and the phenomenon can also contribute to pilot fatigue management.
Analysis of Dive Industry Minimum Requirement Criteria Based on Risk Management
Authors: Setyoko A T , Kristiningrum E
Published: September 2019

Indonesia is one of the most popular scuba diving destinations in the world. The popularity of recreational scuba diving has increased in recent decades. But despite its popularity, this recreation has a high potential danger. The risk of diving hazard must be managed to eliminate or minimize the risk of death, injury, or illness. The purpose of this study is to develop the minimum requirements criteria of the dive industry based on risk management. This study identifies three factors that cause dive risks: workplace environment, human factors and the natural environment. Results of focus group discussion with 108 respondents dive industry included both big and small businesses, locally and foreign owned in Bali, Yogyakarta, Labuan Bajo, Bogor, Depok and Bekasi are arranged 12 elements of risk management of dive hazards which will become the criteria for minimum requirements of the diving industry in Indonesia
The Design of Shoe Sizes for Boys Aged 4-6 Years Old Based on Foot Anthropometric Data: Length Foot, Width Foot, and Foot Ball Circumference
Authors: Waluyono G F , Suhardi B , Pujiyanto E
Published: September 2019

Shoes are footwear that is useful for protecting feet. The right shoe sizes is the main factor of the functional aspect in comfort of wearing shoes. Shoes which had been sold massively still have different standard of the sizes between one brand and another, so that the consumers will find it difficult to determine which shoes are right for the foot. The purpose of this study was to design a shoe sizes for children aged 4-6 years based on foot anthropometry data, namely, foot length, foot width and foot ball circumference. Data collection was carried out on 100 boys aged 4-6 years. Anthropometric measurements of the feet were done manually using a ruler, measuring tape and calipers. K-means cluster was used to process data of foot anthropometric size and produce a shoe sizes reference with healthy allowance value from the foot growth chamber to design the size. The shoe sizes produced was 21 patterns of shoes sizes and could accommodate 87% of the total 100 respondents.
House of Risk Approach for Assessing Supply Chain Risk Management of Material Procurement in Construction Industry
Authors: Ahmad T L , Susanty A
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the potential risk events in material procurement supply chain and to arrange risk agents priority using House of Risk (HOR) approach where priority can be the basis to create mitigation strategies. The approach started with HOR Phase 1 by mapping supply chain activities using Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model and risk assessment. There are 30 risk events in supply chain are adapted from several previous studies, but after the preliminary studies by deep interview with the Manager and the Purchasing Supervisor of Accounting Division obtained 23 valid risk events with 17 risk agents. Using the Aggregate Risk Potential (ARP) values and Pareto 80:20 principle, obtained 3 selected risk agents needs immediate handling with mitigation strategies. HOR Phase 2 with the mitigation strategies arrangement will be performed in the further study.
Design of E-commerce Competency Improvement Program for Batik SMEs in Surakarta
Authors: Putri A R T , Priyandari Y , Liquiddanu E
Published: September 2019

The rapid development of information and internet technology has encouraged trade using the internet (e-commerce). This development must be followed by SMEs using e-commerce to improve their sales. The determining factor in adopting e-commerce for SMEs is an individual factor consisting of innovation of business owners, IT capabilities of business owners and IT experience of business owners. Competence of SME owners determines the success of e-commerce adoption by SMEs. Therefore, the government has a responsibility to improve the e-commerce competency of SME owners. E-commerce competency identification is needed to obtain e-commerce competency standards. These competencies are identified using a functional approach of e-marketplace and social commerce business process. The identified e-commerce competencies must be selected before being used in e-commerce competency improvement. The selection is considering the correlation of the e-commerce competencies with the value of e-commerce sales. Therefore, this study used a correlation analysis to select e-commerce competencies. The results of this study indicate 17 e-commerce competencies used in e-commerce competency improvement program of Batik SMEs in Surakarta.
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model of Forecast Demand in Distribution Centre
Authors: Rizkya I , Syahputri K , Sari R M , Siregar I , Utaminingrum J
Published: September 2019

Demand forecasting is very important to be done in order to meet the demand for nail products that are available in every DC. This article tries to present the basic method of time series analysis and forecasting performance of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model. The study uses this ARIMA model because this model can include the variables used and the type of time series data. Calculation of forecasting errors to be used is Mean Square Error (MSE). From the results of data processing analysis, the best ARIMA model for DC Aceh demand forecasting is ARIMA (3,0,2) with 63,578 units of nails, DC Padang is ARIMA (3.0,3) with a forecasting result of 59,853 units of nails, DC Pekanbaru is ARIMA (1,0,2) with forecasting results of 53,043 units of nails, DC Palembang is ARIMA (3.0,1) with forecasting results of 57,682 units of nails, and DC Medan is ARIMA (2.0,1) with results forecasting 63,699 units of nails.
Project Schedule Evaluation Using Project Manegement Software: A Case Study in an Electric Steam Power Plant in Indonesia
Authors: Miranda S , Helia V N
Published: September 2019

Project scheduling plays an important role among knowledge areas according to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). There are six constraints to be considered in managing a project: scope, cost, schedule, quality, risk, and human resource. In project scheduling, a schedule baseline must be determined properly in order to meet all deliverables presenting schedule milestones, the activities, and network diagram. Each process within project scheduling management (inputs-tools and technique-outputs) are: (1) plan schedule management; (2) define activities; (3) sequence activities; (4) estimate activity duration; (5) develop schedule; (6) control schedule. According to the data obtained, the shelter at ash disposal was accomplished 19 days behind the target set of 38 days. This condition is evaluated using project scheduling process. One constraint involved are 18 human resources assigned into the project. A new schedule is proposed by interviewing the project sponsor to identify the dependencies among activities and simulated using a project management software called Microsoft Project 2016. It can highlight the critical path as well as leads and lags of all activity. The new schedule result shows that project completion can increase 9 days from 57 days to 48 days.
The Environmental Impact Assessment of Furniture Production Process Using the Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Hartini S , Wicaksono P A , Prastawa H , Hadyan A F , Sriyanto
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of the wood table production process using the Life Cycle Assessment. Case studies are carried out in a wood furniture SME in Indonesia. Each activity is modelled using primary data, related to the input and output of the process. The production process includes four phases: sawing process, construction process, assembly process, and finishing process. The system boundary includes all activities that occur within the woodworking plant including material and energy consumption, transportation, and additional products used. The study concluded that the most affected categories were climate change, human toxicity, and metal depletion. While the most contributing production processes are finishing.
Lean Assessment Matrix: A Proposed Supporting Tool for Lean Manufacturing Implementation
Authors: Karningsih P D , Pangesti A T , Suef M
Published: September 2019

During lean manufacturing implementation, some supported tools are required. Value Stream Mapping, Process Activity Mapping, Root Cause Diagram, Failure Mode Effect Analysis, Pareto chart are some examples of the tools that has been widely utilized. However, a tool that is able to support lean manufacturing implementation starting from waste identification until suggest improvement for eliminating waste, is very few. This research proposes a tool that could assist company comprehensively when applying lean manufacturing. The tools, which is called Lean Assessment Matrix, consists of two matrix but it could cover the complete stages of lean implementation starting from waste and their causes identification, the critical waste prioritizing as well as provides waste reduction plan alternatives and their ranks. Lean Assessment Matrix is developed by modifying House of Risk Matrix and integrates with combining Waste Relationship Matrix. Lean Assessment Matrix is being develop with the same approach as of HOR. This tool consist of two matrix which are lean matrix 1 and lean matrix 2. Lean matrix 1 are used to identify waste and its root causes, and determining the rank of waste by considering waste relationships. Lean matrix 2 is aimed to provide alternative actions to reduce or eliminate root causes of selected waste from matrix 1 as well as their priority level.
Product Design for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Bicycle with Kansei Engineering Approach
Authors: Dewi D S , Rakhmawati A , Batan I M L , Wessiani N A
Published: September 2019

Stroke is one of the world’s leading diseases cause of death. However, stroke actually can be cured, through rehabilitation using post-stroke rehabilitation bicycle that actually starts in the hospital as soon as possible after they are diagnosed of stroke. The goal of stroke rehabilitation is to help the patient relearn the skills lost when a stroke affected part of their brain. Several research about the product development of the post-stroke rehabilitation bicycle has been carried out by Product Design and Development Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Department ITS. However, the current prototypes indicates that the product is not ready to be commercialized yet. It is because the product is still under development and has not yet completed. This product development has not considered and captured the hidden needs of the customer toward the product. Therefore, certain implicit feeling & emotions of the customer should be captured in the product development process. Kansei Engineering (KE) approach is applied for this purpose.
Feature Extraction o Condition Monitoring Data on Heavy Equipment’s Component Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Yudha M A , Surjandari I , Zulkarnain
Published: September 2019

The maintenance strategy is significantly important to minimize risk and impact on equipment productivity from component failure. The mechanical transmission on heavy equipment has a function to change speed and torque from engine to final drive. Because of the function that carries high loads which leads to an increase in wear particles, a condition monitoring (CM) approaches is employed. CM data is consisting of 26 parameters and need to reduce the dimension for simplifying correlated variables into fewer independent principal components (PCs). Principal component analysis (PCA) method has been applied to this dataset and deciding 10 PCs with explaining 73.62% variability of the data.
Managing Blood Safety and Availability: A Preliminary Investigation of the Blood Supply Chain Dynamics in Indonesia
Authors: Lusiantoro L. , Tjahjono B.
Published: September 2019

This paper reports the findings from our preliminary investigation into the blood supply chain in Indonesia. The aim is to obtain factors influencing blood safety and availability, and ultimately to better understand its dynamics. A single embedded case study was adopted as a research design. Data were collected using six semi-structured interviews, walkthroughs, and written documents available from a blood centre and four associated hospitals in Yogyakarta. Template and within-case analyses were then used to analyse the data and, subsequently, to identify and categorise themes emerging from the data. Governmental and organisational policies, costs, donor management, stock management, and facilities are the main factors emerging from the data. These factors are interrelated and, collectively, they influence blood safety and availability across the blood supply chain.
An Integrated Relative Importance Index, Risk Allocation and Bow Tie Analysis for Analyzing Risks of the Amartha View Apartment Development Project
Authors: Sari D P , Pujotomo D , Wicaksono P A , Yunanto K H R
Published: September 2019

Construction projects have quite a number of risks that can have an impact on the objectives of the project such as cost, time and quality. Good risk management is very important for the success of a project. The Amartha View Apartment development project experienced a variety of problems that affected the smooth running of the project, including late payments from the owner, late material shipments, and delays in achieving project achievement targets. Because of the existence of these various problems, the researcher intends to conduct research with the aim of identifying the risks that have been and may occur in the project, then conducting a risk assessment. Then classify risk allocation, and provide a control strategy (response) to critical risks. Research begins with identification of risks in the project, then evaluates the risks that have been identified. The method used in risk assessment is relative importance index. After conducting a risk assessment, then determining the response strategy that can be carried out on risks with a high category. Determination of response strategies using the bow tie analysis method that will produce a bow tie diagram. There were a total of 3 risks included in the high category including delays in obtaining road access, restrictions on vehicle hours and location delays.
Green Logistics Approach in Bioethanol Conversion from Potato Starch in Central Java
Authors: Yusianto R , Marimin  , Suprihatin  , Hardjomidjojo H
Published: September 2019

The demand for alternative sources of fossil fuel energy in Indonesia is increasing. One alternative to fossil fuels is bioethanol. Potato skin starch can be a raw material for making bioethanol. Potato skin contains starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and sugar. Bioethanol can be used must go through several stages, including the logistics system. Logistics activities require transportation, material handling equipment, and warehouses. In Indonesia, transportation sector which is the biggest user of fuel actually receives fuel subsidies. Bioethanol is the most appropriate alternative solution to replace gasoline. In processing, bioethanol through five stages, namely, potato skin starch, raw material logistics, processing bioethanol, delivery process and customer. This study presents green logistics model of potato transportation with a cost model and GWP. The results of the study show that the green logistics model by looking at the total costs and environmental impacts can be used as a reference in developing environmentally friendly bioethanol production in the future.
Evaluation of Baby Carriers in Indonesia: Physiological and Biomechanical Approach
Authors: Fista B , Widyanti A , Muslim K , Salma S A
Published: September 2019

Baby carrying is among the most performed activities during mothering and caring for children. Researches showed that baby carrying activities may increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among mothers. This study aimed to evaluate three types of baby carrier often used by mothers in Indonesia, namely Soft Structured Carrier (SSC), ring sling, and jarik based on the posture analysis approach, Rate of Perceived Discomfort (RPD), Activities-Specific Balanced Confidence Scale (ABC Scale) and heart rate. This research was conducted through laboratory experiments involving 12 respondents. Each respondent was asked to carry out a simulation carrying a 6 months old baby (weighing 7.3 kg) by walking on a treadmill for 10 minutes using three different types of baby carrier. Body markers for posture analysis and heart rate sensor were installed prior to the experiment to record body motion and heart rate, respectively. At the end of the experiment, respondents were asked to provide an assessment of the perceived pain using the RPD questionnaire, as well as the ABC Scale questionnaire to obtain the level of confidence in balance when carrying a baby. The results indicated that through posture analysis, all types of baby carrier produced an average value of 490 - 520 at the sagittal shoulder angle, which falls in the normal posture category. Whereas in the craniohorizontal angle, the SSC type sling provided the best change in posture. Based on the RPD questionnaire, ring sling and jarik resulted in higher pain to the left shoulder than the SSC sling. Based on the results of the ABC scale questionnaire, the SSC sling provided a higher level of trust than the jarik and ring sling. However, no significant difference found in terms of heart rate for the three types of baby carrier.
Supply Chain Performance Measurement System Development for Shoes SME using Subcontract Production Strategy Based on Integrated SCOR-BSC Model
Authors: Fauzi A R , Ridwan A Y , Juliani W
Published: September 2019

Textile and apparel companies are a company that is widely available in Indonesia. Small and Medium Enterprise is a business that is growing rapidly and has many competitors in Indonesia, one of which is engaged in the textile sector. SME proves as one of the businesses that can survive when the economic crisis hit the world in 1997-1998 and had an impact on the Indonesian economy [1]. Even so, SME has several problems, one of which is to develop its business. Performance measurement system required to develop its business. With a performance measurement system, SME can monitor business performance that can help companies in making future decisions to improve the performance of the company. This paper focuses on SME engaged in the shoe industry and using subcontract as its production strategy. This paper also using integrated SCOR-BSC model as the baseline to determine the KPI needed by the Shoe SME. The result of this research is integrated SCOR-BSC KPI which can be used as the basis on performance measurement system making.
The tensile properties of alumina and silica bionanocomposite material for high voltage insulation
Authors: Aulia  , Waldi E P , Setiawan M H , Winarto A , Darwison  , Novizon  , Nugraha Y , Abdurrahman  , Hafizi M A , Nawawi Z
Published: September 2019

In the present study, two sets of bionanopolymeric alumina and bionanopolymeric silica content samples were prepared. To each sample, the nano alumina particles with a weight percentage of 1.5%, 3%, 4.5% and 6% were added. To investigate the effect of nanoalumina and nanosilica filler to the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites materials, the tensile test had been carried out. The results show that the tensile strength of two groups of sampless decrease constantly with the increasing of weight percentage of nanofillers.
Voltage profile evaluation based on power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method: Central and South Sumatera Subsystem
Authors: Haq M A , Syafii  , Laksono H D , Hidayat G
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the evaluation of the voltage profile of electric power systems based on power flow analysis by the Newton Raphson method. The aim of power flow analysis is to obtain information about the voltage profile of the system under operating conditions in a steady state in order to evaluate the performance of the electric power system and analyze the conditions of generation and loading of both normal and emergency conditions. The results of the analysis show that there are several load buses which voltage values are below 1.0 pu. In anticipation of a greater voltage drop, reactive power injection is carried out in the form of mounting a certain value capacitor on these buses and obtaining a greater and greater voltage magnitude equal to 1.0 pu
Study on static electrification of the PFAE-mineral oil mixture
Authors: Rajab A , Gumilang H , Tsuchie M , Kozako M , Hikita M , Suzuki T
Published: September 2019

The natural ester of tri-ester type has been implemented on a high voltage large power transformer, rated at 420 kV, since 2014. The high voltage transformer is known prone to the static electrification risk. Palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) which is a monoester oil type has also been tried on the high voltage power transformer. For a retrofilling purpose, some portion of the previously used insulating oil (it is mainly mineral oil) will remain in the transformer. It is then demanded to study the static electrification of a mixture of PFAE and mineral oil. This paper presents an investigation results on the static electrification properties of PFAE-mineral oil mixture at various percentage ratios of PFAE. The results show that charging tendency (ECT) increase with the percentage ratio of PFAE, but then decreases for the oil containing only PFAE. On the other side, the resistivity of oil mixtures decreases with the increase of percentage ratio of PFAE but then increases for the oil containing only PFAE.
Modification of arms patch of double layer printed antenna for partial discharge detection
Authors: Khayam U , Hamdani Y M
Published: September 2019

Partial discharge is a local electrification phenomenon that partially connects the insulation between the conductors and occurs either on the surface of the conductor or inside the conductor (void). PD generates several phenomena that accompany the occurrence of PD, such as impulse currents, hot light radiation, electromagnetic waves, mechanical waves, and chemical processes. This phenomenon is captured to know the existence of PD. One of the PD measurements uses the UHF method, i.e., by measuring the waves generated by the partial discharge. The antenna is one form of antenna developed from a square microstrip antenna with symmetrical T-shaped tethering. Antenna parameters can result in changes in return loss and VSWR measurements. The parameter change is done on three parameters, i.e. (A, B and G) showing the difference to the reference antenna. The experimental results show a change in antenna bandwidth.
The effect of alum addition on shrinkage temperature, chemical properties, and morphology in the manufacture of vegetable-tanned leather
Authors: Kasmudjiastuti E , Pidhatika B , Griyanitasari G , Pahlawan I F
Published: September 2019

Vegetable-tanned leather has several disadvantages, which one of them is low thermal stability due to insufficient cross-linking with the collagen. The addition of aluminum sulfate in the vegetable tanning process will strengthen the cross-linking between the polyphenol and collagen, as well as forms the matrix in collagen. Thus, it will improve the thermal stability. The research aimed to figure out the addition of mimosa and aluminum sulfate on the shrinkage temperature, chemical properties, and morphology of leather. The research was conducted by using a variation of mimosa concentration (15%, 20%, 25% w/w) and aluminium sulfate concentration (3%, 6%, 9% w/w). The results showed that the treatment influenced the chemical properties and shrinkage temperature. The optimum treatment was the addition of 9% (w/w) aluminium sulfate to 25% mimosa which resulted to shrinkage temperature of 99,33° (rise 18,34%); nitrogen content (8,00 ± 0,0141)%; raw skins substance content (44,46 ± 0,0778)%; tannin bound content (28,29 ± 0,0424)% and the degree of tannage (62,93 ± 0,0141)%. Based on the SEM image, the addition of aluminum sulfate after mimosa has made the collagen fiber structure to be dense, which indicates the improvement of the cross-linking between the polyphenol and collagen.
The evaluation of bullwhip effect on distribution system of a supply chain using centralized demand information method
Authors: Kholidasari I , A Bidiawati JR , Sari M E
Published: September 2019

Bullwhip effect is a crucial problem in a supply chain. Bullwhip effect is distortion information between inventory and demand in the whole supply chain stages. This problem has not solved in the business recently, although there are many studies discussed this issue. Bullwhip effect gives a negative impact on the performance of the inventory system. This impact can reduce using Centralized Demand Information (CDI). This research aims to analyze the bullwhip effect that happens in between a manufacturer, distribution, and retailers to minimize inventory cost. This research aim is achieved by: i) Calculating the amount of bullwhip effect of PT. X that occurs in the bottled drinking water distribution system; ii) Implement the centralized demand information method to reduce the bullwhip effect on the supply chain water supply network; iii) Comparing inventory costs before and after cutting the bullwhip effect on the supply chain. The data such as time series, data in 12 periods (monthly), data on raw material procurement, holding cost and stockout costs. The reason for using CDI for calculating the bullwhip effect and Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to calculate the inventory cost. Research findings show that using CDI will decrease the bullwhip effect and the impact is reducing inventory cost.
Minimization of household hazardous solid waste (HHSW) with 4R concepts (reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery) in Padang City, Indonesia
Authors: Ruslinda Y , Raharjo S , Dewilda Y , Hidayatullah  , Aziz R
Published: September 2019

Improper management of hazardous waste originating from household activities will potentially pose a threat to health and the environment. Management of hazardous waste includes minimization activities and hazardous waste treatment. This study aims to analyze the existing conditions and potential minimization of Household Hazardous Solid Waste (HHSW) with the 4R concept, namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery in Padang City. HHSW minimization data was obtained through the analysis of questionnaire data distributed to several HHSW generation sources in Padang City, while the minimization potential was obtained from the existing literature review. The minimization of the existing HHSW was 17.4% (2,067 kg/day) from the total HHSW generation in Padang City. This minimization activity consisted of 11.6% reduce activities, 2.2% reuse activities and 3.6% recycle activities. From the calculation and literature study, the potential of minimizing HHSW was 51.2% (6,081 kg/day) which consists of 11.6% reduce potential in the form of large volumes of HHSW packaging purchases, 18.7% reuse potential through the return of product packaging to producers in the Environmental Producer Responsibility (EPR) program, 13.2% recycle potential in the form of oil can recycling, bulbs and cartridges, and 7.7% recovery potential by recovering metal content in batteries and car battery.
Greenhouse knockdown in Merauke
Authors: Alahudin M , Latuheru R D , Suryaningsih N L S
Published: September 2019

The farming method in Merauke Papua is conventional, therefore production is not maximized throughout the year. The purpose of this study was to build a household scale greenhouse that could be assembled. This research was an experimental and Action Research; the research phase including Knockdown greenhouse design, made greenhouses, greenhouse tested (transporting, assembling and installing and clearing). The results of the knockdown greenhouse structure research used a combination of iron pipe and hollow iron; the application was on the column pole/column using a 3-inch diameter iron pipe while for the roof and wall frame using 4 cm hollow iron 3 mm thickness. for foundations used pedestal/local foundations with a total of 18 foundations with dimensions of 27,000 m3 (30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm). The knockdown greenhouse roof consists of 2, namely; 1). The rooftop used the used bottle roof cover material, 2). The lower roof used the Paranet/insect screen roof cover material. The installation and dismantling of the knockdown Greenhouse take + 2 hours 30 minutes, with time division: 1). + 45.40 minutes installer for greenhouse structure; 2). Thirty-five minutes installation of roof cover (used bottles) and; 3). Fifty minutes installation of the insect screen.
The influence of some solution candidate on the performance of boundary element inverse analysis in detecting rebar corrosion
Authors: Fonna S , Gunawarman  , Huzni S , Ariffin A K
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of some solution candidate to the performance of boundary element inverse analysis (BEIA) that utilized for detecting corrosion of reinforcing steel/rebar in concrete. BEIA was developed by combining the boundary element method (BEM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). BEM was used to calculate the electrical potential on the whole domain of reinforced concrete. While PSO was to optimize cost function to detect the rebar corrosion in concrete. BEIA was applied by using several measured electrical potential data as a reference such as from half-cell potential measurement. Numerical simulation on reinforced concrete with single rebar show that the increase of some solution candidate would resulting in increasing the number of iterations for the solution become convergence. However, the average error from the actual solution would be smaller by increasing solution candidate number. Therefore, the number of solution candidate affect the performance of BEIA in detecting rebar corrosion in concrete.
The needs to investigate the effect of road surface vibrations to the fatigue life of a coil spring
Authors: Ali M , Husaini  , Putra T E , Ali N
Published: September 2019

The study aims to investigate the effect of vibrations on the fatigue life of an automotive coil spring. Acceleration signals were measured at a coil spring while the passenger car was being driven on road surfaces. Using a developed multi-body dynamic simulation, the acceleration signals were transformed into strain signals, and then, they were utilized as the input for performing fatigue tests. From the results, it was obtained that the rough road surface provided a shorter fatigue life, which was 64.5 %. It indicated that rough road surfaces significantly effect to component life.
Effect of coating time and protective current on thickness of paint layer of Steel ST-37 by continuous painting
Authors: Mansjur Z , Arrijani  , Suharto M F
Published: September 2019

Corrosion is a major cause of the failure of the materials; especially in the cutting tools that mostly use carbon steel ST-37. Painting is performed on ST-37 to reduce or protect metal surface from the destructive effects of weather or the occurrence of corrosion. Besides, it is also applied to improve the esthetical and artistic value of metals. This study was conducted to determine how the influence of the current as well as the time of protection on the thickness of paint by continuous painting method. In this method, the specimens are hanged and hooked at the driving belt that put on the coating tub, and then the specimens are moved along tub during the painting process using the motor. The variables used for protection current are 1A, 2A, and 3A, while the variable times of paintings are 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The thickness of painting is investigated by Optical Microscope. As results, the thickness of the paint layer at a current of 1A, 2A, and 3A and time of 30 minutes are 154.15, 166.6 and 172.8 µm. For the coating time of 45 minutes, the thicknesses of the paint layer are 162.4, 181.2, and 191.6 µm. Meanwhile, for a coating time of 60 minutes with same above current, the thicknesses of paint are 235.3, 252.05, and 279.1 µm. The effective protection layer is found at a protective current of 1A, on 30 minutes of coating time with a thickness of paint layer is 154,15 µm.
Identification and analysis of application of Construction Management System (CMS) in the implementation of construction management
Authors: Hidayat B , Suraji A , Frankly R
Published: September 2019

Construction projects are growing increasingly large and complicated today both in terms of physical and cost. In practice a project has limited resources, in the form of people, materials, costs, tools, and in the completion of project administration. This requires a CMS (Contruction Management System) starting from the initial phase of the project to the project review phase. The Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) states that there are seven main categories of responsibilities for a construction manage, namely project management planning, price management, time management, quality management, contract administration, safety management, and professional practice. Therefore this study aims to determine whether the contractor implements CMS (Contruction Management System) from the initial phase of the project to the final phase of the project and to analyze the effect of the application of CMS (Contruction Management System) on the smooth construction of a construction project.
Sensitivity analysis of stormpav composite pavement
Authors: Putri E E , Rewani F J H , Mannan M A , Ibrahim W H W , Kabit M R , Tirau L S , Chan R A , Buking R
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the design and performance of modified composite pavement called StormPav. In this study, the sensitivity analysis is carried out by using available freeware to prove whether the StormPav composite pavement is able to provide long-life pavement and better levels of performance, both structural and functionally, than the traditional pavements. For this case, the sensitivity analysis is included data for fatigue behavior, rutting in the HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) layer, and temperature gradient reduction of PCC slab with an HMA overlay. The StormPav composite pavement is actually an innovation IBS green pavement with structural, environmental and economic advantages. Inspired from Legos concept, the StormPav is made out of modular panels or “roadblocks” that are like enormous lego pieces that assemble and interlocking together forming a uniform settlement and at the same time acting as the monolithic character. The idea of StormPav is actually to minimize the usage of material in the composite pavement but provide the same strength and benefits as composite pavement.
Marshall immersion test of warm mix asphalt polymer using Bayat natural zeolite
Authors: Handayani A T , Peni S N , Pandita H
Published: September 2019

The development of increasingly dense traffic and weather changes greatly affect the quality of the pavement which could cause premature damage. Elastomeric polymer modified asphalt is used to reduce the early damage and increase the durability of pavement to various damage such as fatigue, cracking due to temperature changes. All this time polymer asphalt mixing is using hot mix asphalt method. According to the name the hot mixing asphalt requires heating at a certain temperature which is quite high on the Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP), also requires a certain density. Some countries have developed asphalt mixture known as Warm Mix Asphalt by mix temperatures and compaction temperatures lower than hot asphalt mixtures using the added material. Research using experimental methods with elastomeric polymer bitumen as a binder in the warm mix asphalt with the added material of natural zeolite, thus obtained mixture quality hot asphalt mixture equivalent but processed by low mixing and compaction temperatures. Based on Marshall test asphalt polymer with zeolite content of 1.5% of natural zeolite sieve no. 400, has the highest stability values 1627,7 kg, has the residual stability value of 93,36%. The value of residual stability meet the specifications Department of Public Works of Highways, 2010, indicating that the residual stability the warm mix asphalt with 1.5% Bayat natural zeolite is high and the water resistance is very good.
Flexible tag design for semi-continuous wireless data acquisition from marine animals
Authors: Karimi Muhammad Akram , Zhang Qingle , Kuo Yen Hung , Shaikh Sohail Faizan , Kaidarova Altynay , Geraldi Nathan , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa , Kosel Jurgen , Duarte Carlos M , Shamim Atif
Published: September 2019

Acquisition of sensor data from tagged marine animals has always been a challenge. Presently, there are two extreme mechanisms to acquire marine data. For continuous data acquisition, hundreds of kilometers of optical fiber links are used which in addition to being expensive are impractical in certain circumstances. On the other extreme, data is retrieved in an offline and invasive manner after removing the sensor tag from the skin of the animal. This paper presents a semi-continuous method of acquiring marine data without requiring tags to be removed from the sea animal. Marine data is temporarily stored in the on board memory of the tag and is then automatically synced to floating receivers as soon as the animal rises to the water surface. To ensure effective wireless communication in an unpredictable environment, a quasi-isotropic antenna has been designed that works equally well irrespective of the orientation of the tagged animal. In contrast to existing rigid wireless devices, the tag presented in this work is flexible and thus convenient for mounting on marine animals. The tag has been initially tested in air as a standalone unit with a communication range of 120 m. During tests in water, with the tag mounted on the skin of a crab, a range of 12 m has been observed. In a system-level test, the muscle activity of a small giant clam (Tridacna maxima) has been recorded in real time via the non-invasive wireless tag.
Incommensurate crystal structure, thermal expansion study and magnetic properties of (dimethylimidazolium)2[Fe2Cl6(μ-O)]
Authors: Scé Fabio , González-Izquierdo Palmerina , Cano Israel , Beobide Garikoitz , Fabelo Oscar , Vieira Bruno J C , Waerenborgh João C , Vallcorba Oriol , Castillo Oscar , de Pedro Imanol
Published: September 2019

A thorough characterization of the title compound, (dimim)2[Fe2Cl6(μ-O)], consisting of a (μ-oxido)-bridged binuclear iron(III) complex and 1,3-dimethylimiazolium (dimim) cation, has been performed using a wide range of techniques. The room temperature disordered crystal structure of this compound transits to an incommensurately modulated crystal structure at 100 K; to our knowledge, the first one found for an imidazolium halometallate complex. The crystal structure was solved in the superspace group P

1
¯

(/α/β/γ)0 with modulation vector q = 0.1370(10)  0.0982(10)  0.326(2) at 100 K. Variable temperature synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction showed the presence of satellite peaks in addition to the main diffraction peaks up to 208 K. Furthermore, a thermal expansion study was performed with this technique from 100 to 383 K (near of its melting point) adressing questions about the nature and consequences of the ion self-assembly of this (μ-oxido)-bridged binuclear iron(III) complex, as well as the molecular motion of the imidazolium cation within the crystalline structure as a response to the temperature effect. Finally, we present a deep magnetic study based on magnetic susceptibility, magnetization and Mössbauer measurements, where the strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling detected is due to the occurrence of a μ-oxido bridge between the Fe(III), giving rise to an intra-dimeric antiferromagnetic exchange coupling of –308 cm−1.
Spacing Patterns, Mating Systems, and Winter Philopatry in Harlequin Ducks
Authors: Robertson Gregory J. , Cooke Fred , Ian Goudie R. , Sean Boyd W.
Published: September 2019

Many species of waterfowl form pair bonds during the nonbreeding season, yet current descriptions of mating systems and patterns of philopatry in waterfowl focus on the breeding grounds. We studied wintering Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in southwestern British Columbia to examine mating systems and philopatric behavior outside of the breeding season. The number of males at our study area was far more variable than that of females. Males that were unsuccessful in obtaining a mate were observed over a larger area than were paired males. Habitat use overlapped considerably among paired males, and no territorial boundaries were formed. Annual return rates to the nonbreeding grounds were high for both sexes (62% for females, 77% for males). Individuals not only returned to the general study area, but also to specific sections within the study area. Males that did not pair in the previous year returned to the study area in the subsequent year with the same frequency as males that had obtained mates; however, they tended to leave the study area prior to courtship. Therefore, it is possible that males return to the same wintering grounds each year to reunite with a previous mate. High levels of philopatry by both sexes allow pairs to reunite in fall, potentially increasing the benefits of philopatry for both sexes.
Comparison of the Reproductive Biology of Two Neotropical Wrens in an Unpredictable Environment in Northeastern Colombia
Authors: Ahumada Jorge A.
Published: September 2019

Buff-breasted (Thryothorus leucotis) and Rufous-and-white (T. rufalbus) wrens living in a dry forest in northeast Colombia (Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona) are faced with a large year-to-year uncertainty in the arrival time of the rainy season, as well as the amount of rain falling in the first six months of the year. Those factors are thought to be important cues used by those species in their reproductive decisions. In this study, I gathered data on several reproductive parameters (clutch size, nesting success, timing of breeding, renesting attempts) for both species during two years of contrasting rainfall patterns. I collected information on the foraging behavior of both species to identify their main food and to study how rainfall affects the dynamics of those resources. Buff-breasted Wrens fed mostly in the understory, gleaning arthropods from upper and lower leaf surfaces, dry branches, and aerial litter. Numbers of arthropods in those microhabitats depend strongly on the amount of rainfall; understory arthropod levels are low during the dry season and increase with the arrival of the rains. Buff-breasted Wrens timed their reproduction with the arrival of the rains in both years, delaying the onset of breeding significantly and continuing to breed during the dry year (1994). Rufous-and-white Wrens spent a large proportion of their time feeding on arthropods in the leaf litter. Number of arthropods in the litter varied little between dry and wet periods. Therefore, Rufous-and-white Wrens had a more constant food environment despite large differences in rainfall within and between the years of the study. That species started breeding earlier in the dry season and extended its breeding longer than Buff-breasted Wrens. My observations suggest that the evolution of the reproductive strategies in those species was mostly through the change of behavioral parameters rather than physiological reproductive parameters such as changes in clutch size, egg size, or number of broods.
Do Golden-cheeked Warblers Select Nest Locations on the Basis of Patch Vegetation?
Authors: Dearborn Donald C. , Sanchez Laura L. , Moore F.
Published: September 2019

Proper management of endangered species requires an understanding of habitat use at a variety of spatial scales, and information on nesting habitat is especially important in that regard. We examined vegetation features associated with nest patches of the Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia), a federally endangered migrant songbird that breeds only in central Texas. We used a spatially paired design to measure 13 vegetation variables at 43 nests and at an equal number of randomly chosen nonuse patches, one located near each nest. Canopy closure was greater at nest patches than at nonuse patches. However, none of the other vegetation variables differed between a nest patch and its paired non-use patch on the same territory, despite high power to detect such differences. In contrast, 8 of the 13 variables exhibited significant variation among territories. For all 13 variables, effect size was substantially greater for variation between territories than for variation between nest patches and their paired nonuse patches. Lack of within-territory variation may reflect the scale at which vegetation varies in that habitat. Such a result suggests that territory selection may be more important than nest-patch selection in this species.