bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound technologies in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of children with testicular torsion
Authors: Komarova Svetlana Yu. , Tsap Natalya A. , Karachev Il’ya A.
Published: October 2021

AIM: This study improves the diagnosis of testicular inversion in children to select different treatment strategies by determining the effectiveness of conservative and surgical testicular detorsion criteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data from 2010 to 2020 included 110 children with testicular torsion. In 64% of cases, the left testicle predominated. Testicular torsion occurred in 50% of children in the 12- to 14-year-old age group. The time from disease onset to seeking medical help ranged from 1.5 hours to 11 days. It was less than 6 hours in 41.8% of children, from 6 to 12 hours in 13.6% of boys, 12 to 24 hours in 11% of patients, and more than 24 hours in 33.6% of boys and adolescents. The protocol for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of all children included various techniques for ultrasound examination of the scrotal organs.
RESULTS: The analysis showed the absence of reliable criteria for detecting testicle torsion in the early periods (61%100%): spiral course of the spermatic vessels (63.9%), change in the position of the testicle (19.8%), increase in the volume of the testicle and appendage (98.3%), a change in testicle shape and the inability to withdraw its poles (47.5%), and a hydrocele (67.2%). The index of false-negative results of the ultrasound scan of the scrotal organs reaches 40%. Conservative navigation detorsion was performed in 39 (35.5%) boys and adolescents during the early disease stages. The ultrasound criteria for the effectiveness of conservative detorsion were established. The main criteria normalized blood flow in the testis (100%). Surgical treatment of testicular inversion was performed in 71 (64.5%) boys and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with the protocol for diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating children in different age groups with testicular torsion allowed us to determine adequate emergency treatment strategies and follow-up. An ultrasound differential diagnosis is performed with testicular hydatid torsion and inflammatory diseases of the scrotal organs. The informativeness of the ultrasound methods amounted to 60%.
Results of treatment of fifty children with persistent cloaca in one center
Authors: Mokrushina Olga G. , Shumikhin Vasiliy S. , Levitskaya Marina V. , Chundokova Madina A. , Halafov Rashid V. , Shugina Julia V. , Petrova Lubov V. , Koshko Olga V. , Emirbekova Svetlana K.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: The preserved cloaca is a particular type of anorectal anomaly. The combination of urological, genital, and rectal abnormalities makes radical reconstruction difficult. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined operations performed in 50 patients with persistent cloaca treated from 2010 to 2021. Two groups are presented: the first with 35 children and a short canal (3 cm), and the second with 15 children and a long canal (3 cm). We examined the prognosis for bowel control, the type of operation, the need for vaginal reconstruction, complications after surgery, and the days of hospital stay. RESULTS: Anomalies of the Mllerian ducts in the second group (94%) were higher than in the first (36%) (p 0.001). The sacral index and myelodysplasia did not differ in both groups. The sacral index in the first group was 0.62 0.14, and in the second group, it was 0.58 0.14 (p = 0.520). Myelodysplasia in the first group was 33%, and in the second group, it was 38% (p = 0.744). Total urogenital mobilization (51%) was used in the first group, and abdominal reconstruction (54%) was used in the second group. Vaginal reconstruction was required in 28% of patients in the first group and 60% in the second group. Complications were 3.5 times more likely in the first group (60% versus 17% in the second) (p = 0.003). The length of hospital stay in patients in the second group was longer than that of patients in the first group. CONCLUSION: Our study data demonstrate that the reconstruction of a persistent cloaca requires individual planning of the operation, considering the length of the canal and the state of all structures forming the cloaca.
Extrathoracic lung sequestration in newborns: cases report
Authors: Patrikeeva Tatiana V. , Karavaeva Svetlana A. , Kotin Alexey N. , Levadnev Yuri V. , Golubeva Maria V. , Simonova Tatiana V.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Extrathoracic lung sequestration is a rare variant of a developmental malformation that can be diagnosed prenatally and should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal tumor-like formations.
CASES REPORT: From 1996 to 2020, 70 children with confirmed lung sequestration were treated at the Children's City Hospital No. 1 in St. Petersburg. Of these, 29 had intralobar sequestration, and 41 had extralobar sequestration. Four of these patients were diagnosed with a rare extrathoracic (intraabdominal) form. All four were born full-term without clinical manifestations of the defect. Ultrasound examination of all children revealed a solid formation up to 3 cm in diameter, located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneal space in the projection of the left adrenal gland. Due to the location of the formation and the inability to visualize the aberrant arterial vessel during ultrasound examination, the first two patients were differentially diagnosed with an adrenal tumor (neuroblastoma). The cancer markers were negative, and adrenal cortex hormones were normal. The children underwent multispiral computed tomography-angiography to clarify the diagnosis. In both cases, the diagnosis of intraabdominal extrapulmonary sequestration with a feeding arterial vessel extending from the thoracic aorta was confirmed. Two children, previously treated in the last two years, were diagnosed by the ultrasound examination results that enabled the visualization of an aberrant arterial vessel feeding the sequester. Indications for surgical treatment have been set. The parents of one child refused treatment. Three children underwent sequestration removal (two by laparoscopic access, one had a laparotomy). Histologically, extrathoracic sequestration in combination with cystoadenomatosis was confirmed. The postoperative period proceeded without complications.
RESULTS: Long-term treatment results were observed in all operated patients for a period of four to 10 years. The assessment was performed based on complaints and ultrasound data. All patients matured and developed according to their ages.
CONCLUSIONS: Extrathoracic lung sequestration is a rare type of defect that is subject to surgical treatment. This pathology should be included on the spectrum of differential diagnosis of tumorous formations of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in newborns. The main methods for postnatal diagnosis of the defect are ultrasound and multispiral computed tomography-angiography.
Idiopathic omentum infarction in children — the law of "paired cases": cases report
Authors: Shidakov Islam H. , Kalniyazov Bakhtiyar M. , Urusova Maryam N.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the rare causes of abdominal pain in children is an omental infarction. In the literature, there are few descriptions of this pathology in childhood. The disease is often diagnosed only intraoperatively because of its nonspecific clinical picture. Therefore, the clinical cases presented in the article may be of interest to pediatric surgeons.
CASES REPORT: In the pediatric surgical department of our clinic, two patients aged five and six years old were treated after being admitted with abdominal pain syndrome, the clinical picture of which did not allow to exclude an acute surgical pathology. A laparoscopy was performed to clarify the diagnosis. Isolated lesions of the segments of the greater omentum were revealed without signs of torsion and pathology of other organs. The operations were completed by resection of the altered omental sections. Histopathological examination revealed hemorrhages and tissue necrosis.
DISCUSSION: The localization of pain in the right abdomen necessitates differentiating the disease from acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, and acute gynecological pathology. In the treatment of patients with omental infarction, there are supporters of conservative and surgical strategies. We performed a resection of the affected omental segment, which enabled us to achieve complete recovery in both cases.
CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy in unclear diagnostic situations permits the timely diagnosis of an omental infarction, and surgical minimally invasive intervention leads to a successful cure.
Measurement of Tobacco Enterprise Technological Innovation Capacity and Synergetic Development Mechanism Based on DEA Model
Authors: Sun Haiyun , Xu Bing , Yu Haiyan
Published: October 2021

Adherence to new development concept, integration of integrity and innovation, and improvement of enterprise technological innovation capacity are the essence of new economic development in China. Tobacco economy is an important part of national economy, whose development is facing
the internal and external pressure of development. Therefore, the enterprises above the designated scale in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2019 are selected as the holistic research sample to measure the R&D input-output index by DEA nonparametric method. It is found that (1) the technological
innovation capacity of enterprises has been greatly improved but not reached the leading edge level; (2) the efficiency of technological innovation of enterprises has changed in the form of V; (3) the redundancy of full-time personnel equivalents exists and the technological efficiency and
scale benefit do not meet the development expectation. The study indicates that the Chinese government should treat the development of tobacco economy carefully, adopt multiple measures of regulation and control, construct a healthy and synergetic development mechanism with the participation
of innovation subjects, and realize the agglomeration and optimization of innovation factors, so as to make the development of tobacco enterprises meet the economic needs of China in the new era.
Influence of Nicotine on Evaluation Indexes of Volleyball Players' Physical Training
Authors: Chunqi Zhao
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This paper studies the effect of nicotine on the recovery of articular cartilage injury and physical training of volleyball players. Methods: In this study, a rat model of cartilage defect was established, and BMSCs sodium alginate gel was used to repair and give nicotine
treatment. On the other hand, 20 volleyball players in our school were taken as the experimental objects. Group A is the experimental group and group B is the control group, with 10 people in each group. The experimental group was tested in smoke-free environment for one week. The control
group was tested in smoke-free environment for one week. The physical differences between the two before and after the experiment were compared. Results: BMSCs composite alginate gel can repair cartilage defects well, and nicotine has an adverse effect on its defect repair effect. The repair
tissue produced by BMSCs composite alginate gel is similar to normal cartilage. Nicholas Ding Ke affects the morphology of chondrocytes and proteoglycan synthesis in matrix. After 10 weeks of physical exercise function training, the total score of functional movement screening (FMS) index
of the experimental group in smoke-free environment showed significant difference compared with that before the experiment. It shows that after 10 weeks of physical exercise function training, the injury degree of athletes in the experimental group in smoke-free environment has been significantly
improved, and their physical fitness has also been relatively improved. Conclusion: Nicotine has a certain impact on the recovery of bone and joint injuries and physical training of volleyball players. Volleyball players should smoke less or even no smoking in order to improve their performance.
Non smoking volleyball players should not be in a passive smoking environment for a long time.
Nuclear medicine imaging in oral diseases: A review
Authors: Talreja Kajol M
Published: October 2021

Nuclear medicine is the discipline of medicine that deals with the use of radionuclides in research, diagnosis, and treatment. It works on molecular & functional level and uses radiopharmaceuticals in its procedure helping in detection of lesions before morphologic change is evident. Radiopharmaceuticals also known as Radionuclides/ Radioisotopes are unstable atoms of a chemical element, actively emit radiation. These emitted radiations are absorbed by photomultiplier tube and reconstructed by a computer system followed by display of an image. The rationale of writing this article is to understand about Nuclear Medicine and its applications in oral diseases.
ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ПРОЕКТІВ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО УРЯДУВАННЯ У КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ ТА УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Чернецький С. , Чечель А. , Діденко Н. , Грицишен Д. , Малишев К.
Published: October 2021

Анотація. Визначено, що важливим напрямом реалізації сталого розвитку та реформи публічного управління є ефективний процес електронного урядування, який має бути забезпечений відповідним фінансуванням. Мета статті — визначення подальших можливостей фінансування електронного урядування України в рамках реалізації проєктів та реформи публічного управління з урахуванням досвіду країн Європейського Союзу для реалізації цілей сталого розвитку та цифровізації країни. Методичною базою дослідження є аналітичні дані ПРООН України, Національного агентства з питань державної служби України, Європейської Комісії, дослідження цифрового уряду Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку. Визначено ключові фактори держави в напрямі цифрового суспільства і сталого демократичного урядування (права людини, прозорість і доброчесність, парламентська реформа, громадянське суспільство та робота з молоддю, реформа охорони здоров’я та підтримка державних закупівель, цифрова трансформація). Проаналізовано особливості фінансування Стратегії реформування державного управління України, найбільшу частку фінансування якої становить бюджетна програма «Підтримка реалізації комплексної реформи державного управління» і бюджетна підтримка ЄС. Визначено особливості фінансування електронного урядування у країнах ЄС. Обґрунтовано необхідність зовнішніх джерел фінансування цифрових проєктів в Україні  через недостатнє їхнє фінансування. Визначено найбільші країни — донори з фінансування проєктів електронного урядування в Україні (Данія, Естонія, Великобританія, Швеція, Швейцарія, Німеччина і Польща). На основі дослідження європейського досвіду моделей фінансування проєктів розвитку електронного урядування визначено чинні інструменти фінансування для України (кошти спільної міждержавної стратегії розвитку, гранти, благодійність, державно-приватне партнерство) і перспективні інструменти фінансування, використання яких дозволить підвищити відкритість, прозорість та ефективність роботи державних органів і забезпечити розвиток відкритих даних.
Ключові слова: електронне урядування, фінансування проєктів, цифрова трансформація, реформа публічного управління.
Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 2; бібл.: 14.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО АУДИТУ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СУБ'ЄКТІВ
Authors: Рудницький В. , Свірко С. , Гордієнко Л. , Поплюйко А. , Паршаков В.
Published: October 2021

Анотація. На розбудову тезаурусу стратегічного аудиту діяльності економічних суб’єктів запропоновано визначення останнього, під яким пропонуємо розуміти важливий елемент системи їхнього стратегічного управління, що покликаний забезпечити реалізацію загальних стратегічних цілей, стратегічних планів розвитку їхньої економічної діяльності в розрізі її функціональних видів, стратегічних рішень у межах останніх через сукупність специфічних методів і прийомів оціночно-діагностичного та аналітично-підтверджувального характеру. З метою формування концептуальних засад стратегічного аудиту: предметом стратегічного аудиту діяльності економічних суб’єктів пропонуємо вважати їхню економічну діяльність у динаміці в часі та просторі в певних умовах, репрезентовану через сукупність планових, прогнозних і фактичних показників у відповідних вимірниках; об’єктами стратегічного аудиту діяльності економічних суб’єктів вважати: а) функціонально — види бізнес-процесів у межах діяльності у їхньому стратегічному розвитку; б) процесно- стратегічне планування і прогнозування, стратегічний облік, стратегічний аналіз, стратегічний контроль діяльності вказаних суб’єктів господарювання; в) векторно-стратегічне зовнішнє середовище, стратегія розвитку, стратегічні прогалини; метою стратегічного аудиту діяльності економічних суб’єктів пропонуємо обрати опрацювання положень стратегічного економічного розвитку вказаних суб’єктів через застосування сукупності аудиторських методів і процедур задля визначення їхніх слабких сторін та послідовному створенні інформаційного забезпечення ухвалення управлінських рішень щодо усунення або подолання останніх на забезпечення підвищення конкурентоздатності, адаптації до мінливих зовнішніх умов функціонування і довгострокового розвитку. Запропоновано сукупність специфічних функцій і завдань, а також принципів методики та організації стратегічного аудиту діяльності економічних суб’єктів. На розбудову базових положень організаційної площини стратегічного аудиту запропоновано систему ранжування ступеня об’єктного охоплення стратегічного аудиту діяльності економічних суб’єктів, а також розроблено інтегрований бальний підхід щодо останнього.
Ключові слова: стратегічний аудит, економічні суб’єкти, мета, предмет, об’єкти, функції, принципи.
Формул: 1; рис.: 0; табл.: 4; бібл.: 26.
OFFSHORE ECONOMY TENDENCIES AND CHALLENGES: CASE STUDY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Stoliarchuk Ya. , Tokar V. , Turolev G. , Vodianka L. , Shterma T.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The paper aims at disclosing the nature of offshore tools used for the withdrawal of capital from Ukraine, as well as suggesting measures to be undertaken by Ukrainian authorities to improve the current situation. The authors apply comparative analysis to find the data discrepancy between State Statistics Service of Ukraine and Eurostat on export-import operations between Ukraine and the EU to determine the volumes of tax evasion and avoidance in Ukraine. The article states that dynamic internationalization of financial and economic operations of Ukrainian business entities in recent decades had negative effects on national welfare due to their maneuvering of capital between affiliated units via transfer pricing and intensifying their offshorization using transborder movement of commodities, services, and factors of production resulting in the reduction of budget tax revenues, increasing the scale of cross-border outflow of capital, strengthening the strategic control of foreign countries over the production facilities of Ukraine, as well as significantly undermining national tax security, macroeconomic and social balance. Thus, Ukrainian regulatory bodies must take measures aimed at deoffshorization of business activities, structural modernization of the national economy, dynamization of macroeconomic growth, regulation of inflation and increasing the volume of foreign direct investments in Ukraine. Keywords: multinational companies, offshore, offshore financial centers, offshorization, tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax haven, Ukraine. JEL Classification H26, H31, H32 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 49.
МІГРАЦІЙНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В УКРАЇНІ: ФІНАНСОВІ, СОЦІАЛЬНІ І ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ
Authors: Люльов О. , Пімоненко Т. , Швіндіна Г. , Пудрик Д.
Published: October 2021

Анотація. Дослідження зосереджено на виявленні взаємозв’язків між показниками зростання міграції та показниками економічного розвитку і спрямовано на перевірку тверджень про те, що мігранти переміщуються до країн із високим рівнем урбанізації, високим експортно-імпортним і бюджетним потенціалом, соціальним, економічним та інфраструктурним розвитком, високими темпами інновацій, із доступною та ефективною системою охорони здоров’я, фінансовою стабільністю. Попередні дослідження у сфері міграції були детально проаналізовані і їхні результати стали відправною точкою для вибору параметрів, які можуть вплинути на зростання міграції. Статтю розроблено як кількісне дослідження, засноване на моделюванні нечітко-логічних когнітивних карт (FCM), що дозволили віднайти параметри дев’яти систем (концепцій) національного економічного розвитку, які впливають на зростання міграції. Були розраховані матриці причинно-наслідкових зв’язків і напрями впливу параметрів 9 концепції та 53 підконцепцій на зростання міграції, а також візуалізовано когнітивні карти причинно-наслідкових зв’язків між зростанням чистої міграції та вибраними параметрами національного розвитку. Було виявлено, що найвищий рівень позитивної взаємодії існує між зростанням чистої міграції і такими показниками, як «Міжнародний туризм», «Дохід», «Загальні державні витрати», «Народжуваність», «ВВП на душу населення». Було виявлено негативну взаємодію між зростанням міграції і ризиком непокриття витрат на хірургічну допомогу, включаючи катастрофічне непокриття витрат на медичну допомогу, і рівнем смертності. Були запропоновані рекомендації щодо подальшого вдосконалення міграційної політики, соціальної політики та політики бюджетування.
Ключові слова: міграція, зростання чистої міграції, національний розвиток, нечіткі когнітивні карти, моделювання FCM, детермінанти.
Формул: 3; рис.: 11; табл.: 17, бібл.: 45.
GENDER PARITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN VALUES IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Kryshtanovych S. , Treshchov M. , Durman M. , Lopatchenko I. , Kernova M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The issue of gender parity in the management system plays an important role in the world. The problem is raised at all levels and its solutions are always on the agenda. The dominance of men in high management positions in the 20th century has led to the fact that now gender equality is a matter of many scientific works. At the same time, the state apparatus always stood aside and was practically not touched. But there are enough problems with gender inequality. Ignoring this problem, today, will lead to a return to the days when professionalism was determined by gender and not by knowledge. The main task is to characterize the state of gender parity in the public administration system. The main purpose of the article is to evaluate the available statistical data on the gender ratio of men and women in the state authorities of Ukraine, as well as to calculate the coefficient of gender asymmetry in the management system. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the essence of gender policy in the system of public administration and governance should not be aimed at «highlighting» a woman's status in front of men in a special way, but to ensure an optimal balancing of the participation of both the former and the latter in making any decisions. in the management system, thereby establishing appropriate equity. Women and men should not be «special» to stand out in the management system and in the field of public administration. Consideration should be given to professionalism, competence, honesty and conscience during the service. The article provides a detailed analysis of the distribution of representatives of both male and female sides in the system of public administration and management at all levels. It was found that today there is a certain inequality in the work of the management system towards men in the field of public administration.
Keywords: gender, gender parity, public administration, governance, management system.
JEL Classification J16, K38, L38
 Formulas: 1; fig.: 0; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 17.
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM OF EXTERNAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AN ECONOMY: CASE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Bazhenova О. , Chornodid І. , Yarmolenko Yu. , Golubev О.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The paper deals with the early warning system that allows monitoring the external sustainability of an economy due to external economic shocks. For this purpose, the analysis of the external sustainability indicators system of an economy (example of Ukraine) was implemented. It consisted of statistical analysis of the system of indicators of external sustainability of an economy, probabilistic assessment of their dynamics due to external economic shocks. The analysis of external sustainability indicators includes verifying their volatility, stability and variability relative to GDP. It means calculation of standard deviation for testing the volatility, autocorrelation to check the stability of the indicator and correlation between its value and GDP growth rate to measure the variability relative to the economy’s performance. The calculations of threshold percentiles for indicators of external sustainability of Ukraine’s economy, noise-signal ratios and probabilities of the occurrence of unsustainable external perturbationsare based on signal approach. The analysis of indicators of external sustainability of Ukraine’s economy shows that most indicators are volatile relative to their average values. It is shown that most indicators of the external sustainability of Ukraine’s economy are acyclic as they are weakly correlated with the growth rate of GDP, although their turning points coincide in many cases. Procyclical indicators are the ratio of reserve assets to «broad money», the ratio of net foreign assets to GDP, the average interest rate on external government liabilities, countercyclical indicators are the ratio of reserve assets to short-term external debt, the share of external public debt denominated in foreign currency to the total amount of external government obligations (except for SDR).
Keywords: external sustainability, early warning system of external sustainability, external economic shocks, commodity prices, debt sustainability, social and market efficiency.
JEL Classification F30, F40, F62
Formulas: 0; fig.: 1;tabl.: 0; bibl.: 24.
ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ КАПІТАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗА СУЧАСНИХ УМОВ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Шевчук Н. , Терентєва О. , Клименко С. , Гмиря В.
Published: October 2021

Анотація. Постіндустріальна специфіка суспільних процесів зумовила суттєві зміни в усіх сферах економічної діяльності, у тому числі й капіталотворенні. Іманентною властивістю процесів і результатів капіталізації є їхню інвестиційна природа, яка набуває суттєвих змін за сучасних умов господарювання підприємств, що актуалізувало здійснення нашого наукового дослідження. За результатами критичного аналізу змістовного наповнення категорії «капіталізації» було зроблено впорядкування наукових підходів до її визначення, що дозволило в подальшому дослідженні сфокусуватися на більш значущих моментах, які характеризують інвестиційну специфіку досліджуваного явища. Базуючись на сучасних положеннях теорії капіталізації, які визначаються на основі взаємопов’язаних категорій «Капітал — Цінність — Зростання» (у класичній інтерпретації теорії капіталізації такими концептами є «Капітал — Вартість — зростання») було встановлено, що інвестиційну специфіку сучасних процесів і результатів капіталотворення доцільно досліджувати на засадах концепції імпактінвестування, яка передбачає пріоритизацію інвестиційних вкладень не тільки в комерційно-, а й суспільно орієнтовані сфери життєдіяльності, у яких забезпечуються соціально значущі та екологічні ефекти.
У ході дослідження було доведено, що ключові вартісні результати капіталізації за сучасних умов діяльності підприємств є залежними від рівня розвитку нефінансованих і нематеріалізованих видів капіталу, сфер діяльності та інвестування. На основі використання методу рангової кореляції було визначено зв’язок факторів капіталотворення і ключових вартісних показників, що розраховані на основі фундаментально-вартісного підходу. За результатами досліджень 19 промислових підприємств України протягом 2009—2018 рр. було доведено високий рівень залежності між обсягами інвестицій, ціннісними результатами капіталотворення і показниками фундаментальної вартості капіталу та її різновидів. Визначено, що наслідки інвестування в розвиток управлінських і комунікаційних технологій, цифровізацію бізнес-процесів мають досить високий рівень зв’язку із фундаментальною вартістю операційного капіталу досліджуваних підприємств. Зроблено висновок про посилення впливу інтелектуальних і соціальних факторів на вартісні результати капіталізації підприємств.
Ключові слова: капіталізація, імпактінвестування, фундаментальна вартість капіталу, ціннісні результати, інвестований капітал, промислові підприємства.
Формул: 0; рис.: 3; табл.: 0; бібл.: 15.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LOSS HUMAN CAPITAL AND COMBATING THIS CHALLENGE OF UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Svyrydenko D. , Hots N. , Kovtun I. , Panchenko L. , Semeniuk R. , Dvigun A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The loss of human capital is a significant projected loss for the country's economy. Higher education must analyze the challenges, maintain the quality of human capital at the level necessary for the functioning of the economy, and train professionals in a permanent crisis. The multi-vector nature of the crisis leads to a negative multiplier effect of the influence of external and internal factors on the level of human capital of the country in all institutional categories, so these challenges are emerging given their systemic nature. This primarily applies to the institute of higher education. The formation of a relevant response to the challenges of loss of human capital is not only a guarantee of the proper functioning of higher education, but also guarantees the success of its functioning for economic transformation in the country. The analytical study revealed economic losses from external migration of highly qualified personnel, reduction of the country's economic potential from the outflow of specialists. The narrowing of the base of high-quality reproduction of qualified personnel, the factor of disproportion in the financing of higher education and the reproduction of highly qualified personnel from budgetary sources and the growth of the share of self-financing were revealed. The analysis proved the inconsistency of the quality of the staff to the number of employees of higher education in the regions and the disproportion of the teaching staff with academic ranks. A study of the number of graduate students indicates that the disparity in quality will increase as there is a tendency to lose scientific schools in the regions. Weaknesses of higher education have been identified. To reduce the negative impact of this factor on the quality of human capital and, indirectly, on the country's economy, there is the urgent need to optimize public funding of human capital; to create regional funds for financing higher education, formascientific schools in the regions to eliminate regional disparities in training. Proposals for a policy of investing in human capital at all qualification levels have been developed, taking into account the effectiveness of such investments and also to stabilize the socio-economic situation in the country. The directions of forming the answer of higher school to the challenges of the economic crisis of the country are offered.
Keywords: higher education, human capital, economic losses, integrated indicators, analytical research.
JEL Classification I25, J24, J62, J82
Formulas: 0; fig.: 6; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION OF THE SOLUTION FOR COMPLEX PROBLEM OF DURABILITY INCREASE FOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN A TURBULENT FLOW OF THE MEDIUM
Authors: Kaplunov Saveliy , Valles Natalia , Toporov Denis
Published: October 2021

When designing the structures of modern hydroelastic systems in power engineering, namely heat exchangers for various purposes, effective frequency tuning should be purposefully carried out to prevent intense vibration of individual elements. To do this, it is necessary, in accordance with the specified resource requirements, to provide reasonably defined ratios of various values of the natural oscillation frequencies of the structural elements and the characteristic nearest excitation frequencies in the flow. The optimal choice of the values of the frequency tuning coefficients is realized taking into account the characteristic known factors of hydroelastic systems, such as the effects of attached masses and the significant influence of damping on the intensity of vibrations of the structure in the fluid flow. The article provides a description and a general plan for solving the set complex problem based on the results of numerical and experimental studies known in this direction.
On the formulation of the subject matter of social phenomenology
Authors:   Saratov State University, Somova Oksana A.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of the problem field of social phenomenology. The author analyzed the works of the phenomenological and socio-constructivist directions of research and identified a common conceptual core. The authors (T. Luckman, M. Merleau-Ponty, M. Eldred) distinguish a previously undifferentiated communicative horizon in the field of interaction. The communicative horizon belongs to the primordial sphere of the subject and is the result of the demarcation of the homogeneous world according to the criterion of ability to communicate. The line of demarcation is determined by the behavior of beings and does not necessarily cover only the zone of human embodiment. It was established that the communicative aspect and the aspect of asking about oneself as a human being are closely related. The mobility of the boundaries of the meanings of the world objects, the subjectivity of judgment, the possibility of correlating with the help of socio-historical reality comprise the aggregate subject matter of social phenomenology. The author concludes that due to the lack of unambiguous criteria for establishing the framework of the social world, one should resort to the description of the phenomenal plan of sociality, which can help to qualitatively distinguish the levels of social reality in the long term.
Evaluation of the New Outer Membrane Protein A Epitope-based Vaccines for Mice Model of Acinetobacter baumannii Associated Pneumonia and Sepsis Infection
Authors: Mehdinejadiani Kobra , Hashemi Ali , Bandehpour Mojgan , Rahmani Hoda , Ranjbar Mohammad Mehdi , Yardel Vahid , Jalali Seyed Amir , Mosaffa Nariman
Published: October 2021

Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) are considered as a global serious problem in hospitalized patients because of emerging antibiotic resistance. Immunotherapy approaches are promising to prevent such infections. In our previous study, five antigenic epitopes of outer membrane protein A (OmpA), as the most dangerous virulence molecule in A. baumanii, were predicted in silico. In this study, the investigators evaluated some immunological aspects of the peptides.Five peptides were separately injected into C5BL/6 mice; then the cytokine production (interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma) of splenocytes and opsonophagocytic activity of immunized serum were assessed. To identify the protective function of the peptides, animal models of sepsis and pneumonia infections were actively and passively immunized with selected peptides and pooled sera of immunized mice, respectively. Then, their survival rates were compared with the non-infected controls.Based on the results, activated spleen cells in P127 peptide-immunized mice exhibited an increased level of IFN-γ compared with the other experimental groups, but not about the IL-4 concentration. The results of the opsonophagocytic assay revealed an appropriate killing the activity of produced antibodies against A. baumannii in a dose-dependent manner. Further, the survival rates of the mice under passive immunization with the immunized sera or active immunization with P127 peptide were significantly more than those in the control group. Moreover, the survival rate of the P127 peptide immunized group was considerably higher than that of the other peptide-immunized group.In conclusion, findings indicated that peptides derived from OmpA can be used as a promising tool for designing the epitope-based vaccines against infections caused by A. baumannii.
Evaluation of the Ankylosing Spondylitis Transcriptome for Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway: The Shared Pathway with Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Lari Arezou , Gholami Pourbadie Hamid , Sharifi-Zarchi Ali , Aslani Saeed , Nejatbakhsh Samimi Leila , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi
Published: October 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic inflammatory disorder of joints and entheses. Recent studies have reported an increased prevalence of dementia in AS patients. However, data for exploring the association between dementia and AS remain uncertain.
In this study, enriched pathways and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in whole blood transcription data of AS patients obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database; using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and differential expression analysis.
Four pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases were significantly enriched in AS patients compared to the controls. We identified 22 common genes among the pathways that showed an increasing trend in AS compared to the controls. Five of them including COX7B, NDUFB3, ATP5PF, UQCRB, and NDUFS4 were the most significant genes which were selected for gene expression analysis; using real-time PCR on RNA contents of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AS patients and controls (20 samples from each group). The gene expression analysis indicated considerable overexpression of COX7B (p<0.0001) and ATP5J (p=0.0001) genes in AS patients group in comparison to the control samples.
The role of oxidative phosphorylation has previously been established in dementia pathogenesis. Given that AS patients have also a remarkably higher prevalence of dementia than the their healthy counterparts, hence our results may propose that the common pathway of oxidative phosphorylation can be regarded as a possible shared contributing factor in the etiopathogenesis of AS and dementia.
Induction of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like Syndrome in BALB/c Mice Leads to Disturbance in Splenic T Cell Subpopulations
Authors: Rahimzadeh Parisa , Mortezagholi Sahar , Ghaedi Mojgan , Namdari Haideh , Rahimzadeh Mitra , Boghozian Roobina , Azimi Maryam , Salehi Eisa
Published: October 2021

Mechanisms underlying the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the balance of T cell subsets in BALB/c mice model of SLE induced; using Con A and polyamines as DNA immunogenicity modifiers.
BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with 50 µg extracted DNA from cells cultured in different conditions: splenocytes+ polyamines (group P), splenocytes+ Con A (group A), splenocytes+ polyamines+ Con A (group PA) and splenocytes only (control). Anti-double-stranded DNA –(ds-DNA) antibodies, proteinuria, and antinuclear autoantibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Bradford method, and immunofluorescence respectively. Transcription factors of different T helper subsets were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
The serum level of the anti-dsDNA antibody in group PA was higher than that in the other groups (p>0.05). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer increased in groups A and PA. Proteinuria level in group PA was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Expression of Foxp3 was decreased in group A (p=0.001). Additionally, the ratios of T-bet/GATA3 and T-bet/Foxp3 were also increased in group A. (p>0.05).
Our results revealed an increased ratio of Th1 to Th2 and decreased expression of Foxp3 in group A, but group PA manifested more obvious signs of the disease. These results suggest that other mechanisms rather than disturbance in T cells' balance may involve the development of disease symptoms.
Proliferation and Directional Differentiation of iNKT Cells Derived from DBA/1 Mice Thymus
Authors: Chen Dongzhi , Li Zhao , Liang Rui , Liu Huifang , Wang Yuanyuan , Shi Hongyun , Meng Ming
Published: October 2021

The rates of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in vivo are very low, and the amounts of cells obtained directly from the body are hard enough to fulfill their potential in clinical application.
To overcome this problem, we subcutaneously injected alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) into DBA/1 mice and thymic single cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to detect the iNKT cells and their subsets in the thymus after the injection of α-GalCer by different methods. In addition, in vitro changes of single-cell suspensions and their cytokines in culture supernatants were assessed.
Compared with the α-GalCer multiple subcutaneous injection group, the rates of iNKT cells in the α-GalCer single subcutaneous injection group were markedly higher at each time point, while the highest levels of iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells were observed on day 4 and 8, respectively. In α-GalCer single subcutaneous injection for 8 days and thymic mononuclear cell cultured for 14 days group, the expansion rate of iNKT cells was significantly faster than the other groups, while it reached a peak for iNKT1 cells. Interferon-gamma was consistent with the development of iNKT1 cells, however no difference was found between the cultured iNKT cells in vitro and the natural iNKT cells in vivo in terms of cytokine production.
Herein, we introduced a method in which antigenic stimulation in vivo and directed induction in vitro yielded high levels of iNKT cells with specific functions.
Meatal Stenosis and Atopic Condition: A Pilot Study Demonstrating a Possible Unidentified Etiology
Authors: Sabetkish Nastaran , Pourpak Zahra , Kajbafzadeh Abdol-Mohammad , Shokouhi Shoormasti Raheleh , Jafari Mahsa
Published: October 2021

Meatal stenosis (MS) is known as one of the most frequent complications of circumcision. In the present study, we aimed to find any possible relationship between MS and allergic disorders.
A total of 36 children with a mean±SD age of 5.84±2.03 years were referred with MS and an atopic background even in themselves or in one of their family members (Group A). There were also age-matched controls with a mean±SD age of 5.70±2.17 years who were referred to our center with allergic symptoms and no urinary complaints (Group B, n=17). The RIDA qLine allergy and allergy explorer (ALEX) tests were performed for all patients to find possible allergen sensitization.
Laboratory findings revealed that IgE-sensitization to the main food and aeroallergens in Group A (with the chief complaint of MS in whom a mild atopic condition was found during concise medical history taking) were very similar to the control group with no significant difference (except for ryegrass which was higher in the control group). Although total IgE level was considerably higher in group B compared to group A, food sensitization to cow’s milk and ß-lactoglobulin was higher in asthmatic patients of group A compared to the controls.
It seems that not all patients with MS should be considered as a complication of circumcision and undergo a surgical procedure for correction of the stenosis. Further investigations are required to determine the role of concise medical history taking and proper treatment of the allergic disorder to reduce failed surgical attempts in atopic boys with MS.
INFLUENCE OF CONCRETE CORROSION FROM THE INTERACTION OF ALKALIS OF CEMENT WITH REACTIVE AGGREGATES ON DAMAGE TO REINFORCED CONCRETE SLEEPERS IN A TRACK
Authors: Plugin Andrii , Krykun Oksana , Zinchenko Vladyslava , Borziak Olga , Dudin Oleksii
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the causes of cracks and other damage in reinforced concretesleepers. The effect of concrete corrosion, which is caused by the interaction of cement alkalis withreactive aggregates, on damage to sleepers has been established. The significance of each of thereasons has been established. Corrosion of concrete sleepers, which is caused by the reactionbetween alkalis and silicic acid - Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR), in Ukraine was initially caused by ahaphazard change in suppliers of aggregates and cement. Also it influenced by the modernization ofthe production of cement plants, which led to an increase in the content of alkalis in cement by morethan 0.6%. Of all concrete structures, corrosion from ASR proceeds faster precisely in the railwaytrack structures - its signs appear on average after 2.8 years of operation, and the foundations ofoverhead catenaries - after 3 years. For other structures, these signs appear later - for bridgestructures after 3.7 years, for road surfaces - after 6.9 years. This is due to the peculiarities of thedesign and operating conditions of the sleepers, including, possibly, the effect of leakage currentsadditional to the water cut. The corrosion rate from ASR in structures in Ukraine is much higher(signs of corrosion appear on average after 2.2 years) than in the countries of North America, Central and Northern Europe (6.1 and 6.4 years, respectively). This is due to the wider use of additives inconcrete, a better regulatory framework and a culture of compliance in these countries. ASR directlycauses 15.5 % of defects, contributes to the formation and development of 32.8% of defects to thegreatest extent, does not affect 30.9 % of defects at all, and to a limited extent contributes to theemergence and development of other 20.8 % of defects. The effect of corrosion of concrete from ASRon the occurrence of damage (defects) in sleepers is explained by the fact that as a result of ASRtensile stresses arise in concrete, which lead to the formation of a spatial network of microcracks anda decrease in the tensile strength of concrete. Since the prestressing of the reinforcement has createdtensile stresses in the transverse direction, predominantly longitudinal cracks occur in the sleepers.Prestressed reinforced concrete structures are more vulnerable to damage caused by ASR concretecorrosion than conventional reinforced concrete or concrete structures.
COATING FOR PROTECTION OF CONCRETE FROM SULFATES
Authors: Kryvenko Pavlo Vasylovych , Rudenko Igor Igorevych , Konstantynovskyi Oleksandr Petrovych
Published: October 2021

Durability of reinforced concrete is one of the main demands in civil engineering.Operating conditions, particularly in aggressive mediums, determine durability of constructions.Sulfate mediums are among the most aggressive ones which cause steel reinforcement corrosion. Themodern requirements for high consistency fresh concretes are governed by practice. This way thedisturbance of reinforcement passive state can be caused by changes in hardened concrete especiallyin aggressive mediums. Thus, the restriction of SO42- ions transport in concretes, which are obtainedfrom high consistency fresh mixes and exploited in sulfate mediums, can be considered as an actualproblem.The paper is devoted to protection of concrete surface by coating based on alkali-activatedaluminosilicate binder from SO42- ions transport to prevent steel reinforcement corrosion. It wasshown that the coating with thickness of 3 mm ensures total concrete protection. It was revealed thatpermeability of concrete depending on cation decreases in the row (NH4)2SO4>Na2SO4>MgSO4. Theprotective function of coating was simulated by application of mentioned salts as admixtures. LesspH values of water extracts of the binder during hydration while using of 2.5 % MgSO4 is evidenceof advanced crystallinity of zeolite-like sulfate-containing hydroaluminosilicates with participationof Mg2+ ions equal to Са2+ ions. While content of (NH4)2SO4 was increased up to 5.0 % less pH wasfixed due to decelerated formation of zeolite-like minerals. Stability of pH values in presence ofNa2SO4 (0.5…2.5 %) was caused by no influence on structure formation. Thus, the restriction of SO 2-ions transport in protective coating is due to their binding by alkaline aluminosilicate binder inzeolite-like minerals with higher crystallinity due to presence of Na+, NH + and Mg2+ cations fromsulfates.