bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Assessment (Neurological, Morphological, Neurophysiological) of the Visual Analyzer in the Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Коваленко  , Kovalenko A. , Бисага  , Bisaga G. , Букин  , Bukin S. , Исаева  , Isaeva G.
Published: June 2015

Comprehensive examination (neurophysiological, morphological) of the patients with multiple sclerosis with unilateral and bilateral optic neuritis phenomenon was carried out. The study included two non-invasive research methods: the optical coherent tomography and the induced visual potentials turned on a checkerboard pattern. The study found thinning nerve fiber layer of the retina (73,8±3.4 microns on the affected side and 93,7±7,1 micron on the contralateral side unilaterally to defeat and 70.4±of 5.6 microns in bilateral defeat) and significant increase in the latency of potential P100 (124±10,8 ms) and the decrease in amplitude inter-peak interval N75-P100 (3,1±1,7 mV) when assessing induced visual potentials. The study results indicate simultaneous presence of inflammatory-demyelinating and degenerative processes in the visual pathways, as on the affected side, and on the contralateral side, which indicates the active during the pathological process, even in the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease in the form of eye disorders. It is proposed to use these methods for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, detection of subclinical of the centers of demyelination and degeneration, determine the effectiveness of therapy.
Research of the Efficiency of Metabolic Correction of Free Radical Oxidation by means of Isotopic Exchange Reactions in the Laboratory Animals Organism at Intoxication Caused by Cadmium Chloride Injection in Diet
Authors: Басов  , Basov A. , Каде  , Kade A. , Барышева  , Barysheva E. , Арцыбашева  , Artsybasheva O.
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the study results of free-radical oxidation and detoxification system of functional status in the rats after injection in diet cadmium chloride and water with a modified isotopic composition. The cadmium intoxication leads to oxidative stress, mainly in homogenates of liver and heart, what is characterized by increasing intensity of chemiluminescence and strengthening of cytolysis on 105-176%. Changing the isotopic composition of the diet resulted in a significant reduction of deuterium in the blood and tissues of the experimental group of animals, which was accompanied by a decrease in intensity of free-radical processes in blood on 11,2% and heart and liver homogenates on 38,1 and on 20,5 %, respectively (p<0,05), this became less pronounced destruction of hepatocytes, which decreased by 43%. The significant influence of a diet with the modified isotopic composition on the carbohydrate metabolism and the system state of non-specific protection kidney wasn’t revealed. The results indicate the development of cytoprotective effect in tissues with high metabolic indices in strengthening reactions isotope exchange in conditions of introduction in the diet with reduced water content of deuterium.
Spondylolis and spondylolisis spondylolistesis Lv vertebra in the Children of Preschool and Primary School
Authors: Скрябин  , Skryabin E.
Published: June 2015

The nature and frequency of the main clinical symptoms of spondilosis and spondylolysis spondylolisthesis LV vertebra in 8 children of preschool and primary school were studied. It is shown that in this age children haven’t symptoms of spondilosis and spondylolisthesis. It is established that in 83.3% of cases spondylolisthesis in children is on the background of bilateral spondylosis interarticular part arc LV vertebra. The pathology is the first degree of severity. In all clinical cases the spondylolisthesis in the children was formed on the basis of spina bifida posterior LV and SI vertebra. The main symptoms of spondylolisis and spondylolisthesis LV vertebra children were: pain on palpation of the spine – 100,0% of the cases; multidirectional functional blocks in the inter-vertebral and edge-transverse joints – 100,0 %; asymmetry paired soft tissue and bone formation front and back surfaces of the body – 85,7% lag of the lower corners of the blades from the rear surface of the chest – 85,7%; postural muscle imbalance front and back surfaces of the trunk – 71,4%; voltage extensor muscles of the lumbar spine – 71,4%; of the restriction of the spine in the direction active flexion – 57,1%; recurvation in the elbow and knee joints – 57,1%; plano-valgus foot – 57%; smoothness lumbar lordosis-42,8%; installation torticollis – 42,8%; asymmetric location right part of the chest tilted forward hull – 28,6%; shortening of the left lower limb – 28,6 of clinical observations.
Nitrosorbidi Stress and Apoptosis of Neurons in the CA1 Zone of the Hippocampus in the Conditions of Modeling Chronic Alcohol Intoxication: Neuroprotective Effects of Tietema
Authors: Кучер  , Kucher T. , Кучеренко  , Kucherenko L. , Моргунцова  , Morguntsova S.
Published: June 2015

Fulfilled researches showed that modeling of chronic alcohol intoxication by daily intragastric ethanol administration to non-pedigreed male white rats (first 10 days – 15% ethanol solution in dose 4 g/kg, next 10 days – 15% ethanol solution in dose 6 g/kg, then 10 days – 25% ethanol solution in dose 4 g/kg) leads to activation of nitrosorbidi stress reactions and initiation of neuro-apoptosis. Thus, as compared with healthy animals group, in rats’ brain after chronic ethanol administration it was revealed significant increase of nitro-tyrosine (nitrosorbidi stress marker) in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of brain homogenate against the background of revealing of apoptosis molecular markers in hippocampal CA1 zone neurons (fragmentation of neuron´s nuclei of hippocampal CA1 zone, increase of density and ratio of apoptotic- and destructive-changed cells) as well as deprivation of anti-apoptotic mechanisms (decrease of density of Bcl-2-positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 zone and decrease of Bcl-2 protein concentration in hippocampus). Subsequent 14-day intragastric administration of complex neuro-metabolic cerebro-protector Thiocetam in dose 100 mg/kg to the animals after chronic alcoholization showed significant protective effect on hippocampal CA1 zone neurons. Thus, Thiocetam administration resulted in decrease of nitrotyrosine levels in mitochondrion and in cytosol of brain of animals with chronic alcoholization as compared with untreated animals and with animals receiving Piracetam. Thiocetam administration to experimental animals led to significant decrease of density of apoptotic- and destructive-changed neurons of hippocampal CA1 zone and ratio of apoptotic-changed cells as compared with control group and animals receiving Piracetam. Course of treatment with Thiocetam increases significantly the density of Bcl-2-positive neurons in CA1 zone of hippocampus and significantly increases concentration of Bcl-2 in brain tissue of experimental animals as compared with control group and animals which received Piracetam according the same schedule. The increase of Bcl-2 protein expression in animals received Thiocetam testifies to the activation of anti-apoptotic defense of damaged neurons under the influence of this preparation. We suppose that one of the molecular mechanisms of neuro-protective effect of Thiocetam in chronic intoxication is the breaking of NO-depended mechanisms of neuro-apoptosis.
Physiological Model of Trainer-Athlete Social Interaction during Training on Bicycle Ergometer
Authors: Классина  , Klassina S.
Published: June 2015

A trainer-athlete social interaction has systemic psychological and physiological nature. The systemic quantization of the behavior concept, offered by K.V. Sudakov, was the methodological basis for creation of the trainer-athlete social interaction physiological model. It is shown that the trainer’s verbal instruction promotes the systemic organization of the trainer-athlete social interaction (SYSTEMOQUANT), which has higher level hierarchy in relation to the athlete’s training activity. The athlete’s sport activity in SYSTEMOQUANT is presented as the sequence of athlete’s systemic quantums, which are characterized by stage activity results and have lower hierarchy in relation to the end result of SYSTEMOQUANT. All this allows to speaking about "inclusion" systemic quantums of athlete as a system of organizations lower level in SYSTEMOQUANT social interaction coach-athlete.

The quantitative integrated assessment of parameters of reached sports results and “physiological cost" of these results allows to carry out timely correction of athlete’s sport activity. The analysis of dynamics of result’s parameters and "physiological cost” allow to estimate "the load worth» of each athlete’s training activity stage and to reveal critical stages of physical activity. It optimizes the athlete’s training process and accelerates the acquisition of high level sport training for their. The author notes that the dependence of the "physiological cost" sports result from its parameter is defined as the individual abilities of the athlete, his / her functional status at the time of exercise and sport. The physiological model of trainer-athlete social interaction can be used in a training process of athletes. It should be noted that such a system approach to studying of a social interaction problem can be used, not only in sport, but in the educational and production practice of teaching, where the training verbal instruction is actively used. Using the monitoring with feedback, the instructor (teacher) will always have information about the success of his instructions and student’s physiological cost.
Anatomical and physiological aspects of lactostasis
Authors: Милькевич  , Milkevich I. , Гусейнов  , Guseynov A. , Гусейнов  , Guseynov T.
Published: June 2015

Lactose is a consequence of dysfunction of the mammary glands in women with breastfeeding between production and secretion of milk, resulting in stagnation of milk. The purpose is to study predisposing anatomical and physiological factors in the de-velopment of lactose associated with narrowing of the ducts and hypofunction lobular-ductal system of the breast in women with breastfeeding. The research has included a study of the status of the lactating breast in 42 women with breastfeeding. The 1st group consisted of 27 women with lactose. Control (the 2nd) group consisted of 15 women with breastfeeding without lactose. The study has shown that the development of the stagnation of milk is caused by a range of predisposing and contributing factors, among which the most important are the anatomical and physiological reasons: the restriction and paresis of the milk ducts, dyscoordination of the lobular-ductal system. The leading cause of stagnation of milk is an anatomical narrowing and the tortuous course of the milky threads with physiological dysfunction of the ductal system of the lactating breast. A main factor in the development of the pathological process is fibrocystic breast disease, which is characterized by morphological and functional changes in the mammary glands in the form of diffuse or focal changes of the connective tissue, mainly ductectasia. These changes under effects of other factors on a certain area of the lactating mammary glands lead either to morpho-functional narrowing, the violation of the ducts, either individual or combined physiological hypofunctions of up to paresis. Appeared first sections of the stagnation of milk, swelling of the breast increase the compression duct and obstruct the outflow of milk, leading to clinically significant pathological process of the lactose, the resolution of which requires consideration of all the above clinical and pathogenetic data with a complex of therapeutic measures.
Quality Assessment of the Treatment of Complicated Forms of Deciduous Teeth Caries in Children in Early and Long-Term
Authors: Сущенко  , Sushchenko A. , Абросимова  , Abrosimova O. , Вусатая  , Vusataya E.
Published: June 2015

Despite the high level of modern dentistry, caries and its complications are a leading place in the structure of dental pathology in children. Much of the scientific research of the last five years dedicated to errors in endodontic practice dentist therapist providing dental services to the adult population. However, the latest treatment technologies, used in adult dentistry, may not always apply in the child. The above confirms the need for further study of the treatment of complications of primary teeth caries in children, search for methods to improve its effectiveness. The groups of a clinical study consisted of children aged 4 to 9 years without severe somatic pathology, with temporary teeth at the stage of formation, formed of root resorption of the roots, which allowed to obtaining comparable results. After the necessary diagnostic methods, the treatment of chronic pulpitis was selected (K04.0, K04.3); the methods devital amputation, non-vital extirpation, removing vital were used. Biological method didn’t use. Chronic apical periodontitis (K04.5), treatment was to be temporary teeth in the absence of resorption of the roots (both physiological and pathological), and in the absence of evidence of exacerbation of the inflammatory process, assessed the degree of destruction of the temporary tooth crown (no more than 1/2). Treatment of periodontitis temporary teeth was performed in 2-3 visits. Control examination was conducted in the next (after 7 - 10 days) and long-term period (one year). Assessment of the quality of treatment in short-and long-term was carried out in the points. The results of the research quality of dental care in children allow to develop phased system of control with regard to ball assess the quality of treatment of complicated forms of dentition caries in children in the immediate and long terms. The obtained data will allow to developing a computer-based monitoring program for the state of dental health of children, and will allow the dentist to perform the correction of therapeutic and preventive measures at the individual level.
Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memory Structure, its Bandwidth, the Switches and the Controllers of Information
Authors: Герасимов  , Gerasimov I. , Яшин  , Yashin A.
Published: June 2015

This paper discusses the memory structure in its basic characteristics: bandwidth, switching and "dispatching" of information flows in the system memory organization. Bandwidth is associated with the filtering of information flows; in the radiophysics analogy – as "signal -noise". Selection of information should be made according to its energy content. For completeness and detail of the developed model of memory, the authors introduced the concept of switches and memory controllers, as the molecular, cellular and other compounds that distribute (send) useful information in the appropriate sections of the library of memory. All elements memory can evolve as structuring, filling and restructuring of library memory. Within the developed by the authors of ion-molecular memory model the real work to the greatest extent uses radio physical analogy as a universal approach in all scientific fields, where the paramount consideration are the objects of information processing. It has become a scientific axiom; the main thing is that a certain (radio)physical formalism in specific model was found as the adequacy of the studied processes. The authors have paid special attention to these issues, including in a strict sequence and hierarchy of the presented material. It was especially emphasized that the evolution of all and classifying bandwidth of the memory elements subject to overall systemic laws structuring and optimization (radio)physical interpretation.
Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Structural Elements of the Library Memory and the Interaction Between Them
Authors: Герасимов  , Gerasimov I. , Яшин  , Yashin A.
Published: June 2015

This article is a continuation of a series of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. Structural elements of the library of memory, as well as their rather complex interaction are considered. The authors are talking about the library in anatomically formed brain. It is believed that information is stored in certain structural elements ("repository of facts"). The concept of directory information and a buffer of information systems and their capacity were introduced. The scheme of possible structure of the library of memory that includes inputs, controllers, switches, transmitters, receivers-directories, drives, and concurrently-cascaded (specialized) of the auxiliary sections of the library memory was proposed and substantiated by the authors. Structural elements of the storage of information already exist in anatomically formed brain, and actually library memory has elements of different physical sizes. Information is also distributed by the authorities, and the smallest unit patterns library memory is one where the only fact is stored. As soon hydrogen ions as carriers of information, easily contact the buffer systems, this indicates that in the system memory other structures to store facts – information are excessive, with the exception of physical and chemical buffers of protein nature. It is also clear: if more capacity information in the buffer, the more information can be stored in it. Structural elements of the library memory can be presented in sufficient functional completeness by controllers, switches, transmitters and drives. It is not excluded that controllers and switches are located within a single molecular (submolecular) structure.
Seasonally varying contributions to urban CO2 in the Chicago, Illinois, USA region: Insights from a high-resolution CO2 concentration and δ13C record
Authors: Moore Joel , Jacobson Andrew D.
Published: June 2015

Understanding urban carbon cycling is essential given that cities sustain 54% of the global population and contribute 70% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. When combined with CO2 concentration measurements ([CO2]), stable carbon isotope analyses (δ13C) can differentiate sources of CO2, including ecosystem respiration and combustion of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas. In this study, we used a wavelength scanned-cavity ringdown spectrometer to collect ∼2x106 paired measurements for [CO2] and δ13C values in Evanston, IL for August 2011 through February 2012. Evanston is located immediately north of Chicago, IL, the third largest city in the United States. The measurements represent one of the longest records of urban [CO2] and δ13C values thus far reported. We also compiled local meteorological information, as well as complementary [CO2] and δ13C data for background sites in Park Falls, WI and Mauna Loa, HI. We use the dataset to examine how ecosystem processes, fossil fuel usage, wind speed, and wind direction control local atmospheric [CO2] and δ13C in a midcontinent urban setting on a seasonal to daily basis. On average, [CO2] and δ13C values in Evanston were 16–23 ppm higher and 0.97–1.13‰ lower than the background sites. While seasonal [CO2] and δ13C values generally followed broader northern hemisphere trends, the difference between Evanston and the background sites was larger in winter versus summer. Mixing calculations suggest that ecosystem respiration and petroleum combustion equally contributed CO2 in excess of background during the summer and that natural gas combustion contributed 80%–94% of the excess CO2 in winter. Wind speed and direction strongly influenced [CO2] and δ13C values on an hourly time scale. The highest [CO2] and lowest δ13C values occurred at wind speeds <3 m s−1 and when winds blew from the northwest, west, and south over densely populated neighborhoods.
Treatment options in atopic dermatitis in dogs and cats — evidence-based decisions
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: June 2015

There are many different treatment options for atopic dermatitis in the dog and cat. Unfortunately, many of the recommendations for therapy are based on anecdotal reports rather than on evidence-based decisions. This review considers the different treatment modalities that may be considered, together with the supporting scientific data for each of them. Therapies that are discussed include antihistamines, glucocorticoids, ciclosporine, Janus kinase inhibitors and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Feline dentistry — how to deal with root remnants
Authors: Kirby Simone
Published: June 2015

A previous article ( Kirby, 2014 ) discussed the extraction technique and challenges in feline dentistry, particularly when tooth resorption is present. This article focuses on the problem of root remnants in feline dentistry, which can occur in cats with or without tooth resorption. The diagnosis may be obvious in some cases and more challenging in others. The diagnostic approach and surgical management will be described.
‘No smiling, please, Ms Prime Minister!’: Constructing a female politician on the cover of a news magazine
Authors: Huovinen Annamari , Weselius Hanna
Published: June 2015

This article examines the practices of constructing gender in the media by elaborating on one specific journalistic work process: the cover photography of the Finnish Prime Minister for a weekly news magazine. We draw from gender theory and Goffman’s concept of social performance in asking how gender is constructed in journalistic work. Women leaders must both prove their capability as politicians and manifest their femininity. Our case study explicates how this double discourse emerges in the photographic studio and how journalists struggle with two parallel scripts they try to follow: one of journalistic neutrality, and another of feminine beauty. The metaphor of two scripts follows Goffman’s idea of social performance with actors performing frontstage and backstage roles. Our ethnographic account shows that journalistic work processes can be ambiguous. We argue that gendered media discourses affect journalistic work in ways not visible in media representations. Thus, to understand these mechanisms, a more ethnographic approach is needed in media research.
Communication in social media: The exhibitions devoted to Salvat-Papasseit and Raimon at Arts Santa Mònica as case studies
Authors: Badell Joan-Isidre , Térmens Miquel , Rovira Cristòfol
Published: June 2015

This article shows the research results on the exhibitions devoted to Salvat-Papasseit and Raimon at Arts Santa Mònica Creativity Centre, Barcelona. This article is part of a global research project on the presence of Catalonian museums in social media. The main goal of this research is to examine the dissemination and communication strategy used by Arts Santa Mònica in social media platforms. Our methodology consisted in elaborating and applying quantitative and qualitative parameters and indicators for the analysis. Significant data were obtained using the tracking engine DigiDocSpider and were also provided by the centre itself. According to the results, Arts Santa Mònica has a relevant presence on social networks and it is also very active on them. In addition, the centre has a very dynamic website and a significant number of visitors, both virtual and on-site. On the other hand, the results also show the necessity for using new generation tools and for information updates. We conclude this article by arguing for including the above-mentioned tools as a way to improve social participation in cultural life and social media, not only as a way to target audiences in exhibitions but also as actual tools of collective participation. We have used this research project to take a look at how literature is represented online, thus suggesting future research lines regarding both literature and digital technologies.
Reviews
Authors: Lin Ke , Tortajada Iolanda , Gonzalo Juan Luís , Cerdán Josetxo , Labayen Miguel Fernández , Prada Hernando Gómez
Published: June 2015

The Civic Web: Young People, the Internet, and Civic Participation, Shakuntala Banaji and David Buckingham (2013) Cambridge and London: The MIT Press, 208 pp., ISBN: 9781138849129, p/bk, $49.95; ISBN: 9780415527699, h/bk, $225.00; ISBN: 9780262317801 (e-book), $21.00

The Routledge Companion to Media and Gender, Cynthia Carter, Linda Steiner and Lisa McLaughlin (eds) (2014) London and New York: Routledge, 670 pp., ISBN: 9780415527699, h/bk, £140.00; ISBN: 9780203066911 (e-book), £140.00

Visual Propaganda, Exhibitions, and the Spanish Civil War, Miriam Basilio (2013) Farnham: Ashgate, 304 pp., ISBN: 9781409464815, h/bk, £70.00

Spanish Cinema in the Global CONTEXT. Film on Film, Samuel Amago (2013) New York/Oxon: Routledge, 199 pp., ISBN: 9780415854252, h/bk, $105.10; ISBN: 9780203755568 (e-book), $73.58

A Companion to Spanish Cinema, Jo Labanyi and Tatjana Pavlovic´ (eds) (2013) Malden, MA and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 664 pp., ISBN: 9781405194389, h/bk, £157.20; ISBN: 9781433102134 (e-book), £125.99

Desenfocadas. Cineastas españolas y discursos de género, Barbara Zecchi (2014) Barcelona: Icaria editorial s.a., 246 pp., ISBN: 9788498885682, p/bk, 18€
COMPARISON OF TUNNELLING METHODS NATM AND ADECO-RS
Authors: Vydrová Linda Černá
Published: June 2015

The New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) has been often used in the CzechRepublic in last two decades. One of the methods, without application in the Czech Republic,is an Italian method called ADECO-RS, which has reached significant use in Italy and someother countries. It is the method of controlled deformation, which uses mainly the horizontalanchoring of the tunnel face to reinforce the area in front of the face (advance core). Thistechnology is especially important in weak and soft rocks where is necessary to excavatequickly and smoothly with minimum disruption of initial stress state of the rock mass in thevicinity of the excavation. The use of NATM can be in some cases uneconomical andtechnically inadequately challenging and in such cases would be appropriate to chooseanother technology.Given the facts above, in the Czech environment there is no data available forcomparison of these methods not only in terms of numerical modelling, but also in terms offeasibility and usability.The paper summarizes history of the tunnelling methods and it is closer devoted toNATM and ADECO-RS tunnelling approaches. The basic principles of both methods are setand further the comparison of these methods is made on a theoretical level.The paper hereinafter includes the analysis of fibreglass face anchors applicationduring the construction of three-aisled Veleslavín Station and the impact assessment of tunnelface anchoring during the excavation of ventilation tunnel on the newly built part of the PragueMetro „V.A“.The paper also deals with practical knowledge gained during the technical visit of ItalianVal di Sambro Tunnel which is built according to ADECO-RS approach. These findings areessential for the correct interpretation of Lunardi method.
The Effects of the Media on Self-Esteem of Young Girls
Authors: Osaďan Róbert , Hanna Rania
Published: June 2015

There have been a number of studies investigating the media’s role in body image dissatisfaction, eating disorders, self-esteem, and the internalization of the thin body ideal in young girls and women. However, much of the research focuses on girls ages 10 and older; very few examine those girls of pre-primary or primary age. This paper seeks to explore the studies that do focus on the younger age groups, and understand the relationship between the media and young girls’ self-esteem.
Does bryozoan colonization alter the biochemical composition of Saccharina japonica affecting food safety and quality?
Authors: Getachew Paulos , Kang Ji-Young , Choi Jae-Suk , Hong Yong-Ki
Published: June 2015

The encrusting bryozoan Membranipora membranacea frequently colonizes late-harvested blades of the cultured Saccharina japonica. We measured the proximate compositions, amino acid and fatty acid profiles and metal contents of bryozoans, colonized blades and healthy blades. Bryozoans contained high levels of crude ash (657 g kg-1 dry weight) and arsenic (As; 49 mg kg-1 dry weight) contents, exceeding the recommended range for human food, and had relatively low levels of essential amino acids. The content of inorganic As in bryozoans was 31% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake for inorganic As established by the World Health Organization. Hence, bryozoans decrease the food and fodder quality of the seaweed product. After removing the bryozoans, we found that the seaweed blade tissues beneath the colonies had elevated levels of potassium, iodine and docosahexaenoic acid and reduced levels of copper, chromium and cadmium compared to healthy tissues. Thus, lacy crust bryozoans must be removed from the surface of seaweed prior to its use as food or fodder.
On the motive of some hyperKähler varieties
Authors: Vial Charles
Published: June 2015

We show that the motive of the Hilbert scheme of
length-n subschemes on a K3 surface or on an abelian surface
admits a decomposition similar to the decomposition of the motive of
an abelian variety obtained by Shermenev, Beauville, and Deninger and Murre.
Symplectic Singularities and Solvable Hamiltonian Mappings
Authors: Fukuda Takuo , Janeczko Stanislaw
Published: June 2015

We study singularities of smooth mappings F̄ of ℝ2n into symplectic space (ℝ2n , ω̇) by their isotropic liftings to the corresponding symplectic tangent bundle (Tℝ2n,w). Using the notion of local solvability of lifting as a generalized Hamiltonian system, we introduce new symplectic invariants and explain their geometric meaning. We prove that a basic local algebra of singularity is a space of generating functions of solvable isotropic mappings over F̄ endowed with a natural Poisson structure. The global properties of this Poisson algebra of the singularity among the space of all generating functions of isotropic liftings are investigated. The solvability criterion of generalized Hamiltonian systems is a strong method for various geometric and algebraic investigations in a symplectic space. We illustrate this by explicit classification of solvable systems in codimension one.
Flat Approximations of Surfaces Along Curves
Authors: Izumiya Shyuichi , Otani Saki
Published: June 2015

We consider a developable surface tangent to a surface along a curve on the surface. We call it an osculating developable surface along the curve on the surface. We investigate the uniqueness and the singularities of such developable surfaces. We discover two new invariants of curves on a surface which characterize these singularities. As a by-product, we show that a curve is a contour generator with respect to an orthogonal projection or a central projection if and only if one of these invariants constantly equal to zero.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Annona muricata stem bark extracts.
Authors: Onyeyili P.A. , Aliyoo K.
Published: June 2015

The control of trypanosomosis in animals and humans based on chemotherapy is limited and not ideal, since the agents used are associated with severe side effects, and emergence of relapse and drug resistant parasites. The need for the development of new, cheap and safe compounds stimulated this study. Three concentrations (211, 21.1 and 2.11 mg per ml) of chloroform stem bark extract of Annona muricata were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro. Also, two doses (200 mg per kg and 100 mg per kg) of the extract were evaluated for trypanocidal activity in rats infected with the parasite. Haematological parameters were determined on day 1 post infection and on days 1, 6 and 30-post extract treatment. The extracts inhibited parasite motility and totally eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used in vitro. The extract also showed promising in vivo trypanocidal activity. The observed in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activities may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds present in the extracts as seen in this study. The extract also improved the observed decreases in haematological parameters of the treated rats, which may be due to their ability to decrease parasite load. The observed oral LD50 of 1,725.05 mg per kg of the chloroform A. muricata extract using up and down method is an indication of very low toxicity, implying that the extract could be administered with some degree of safety.
A survey of disabled persons about their physical activity
Authors: Tyagi Aditya , Mattu Shazia
Published: June 2015

According to a new report by the World Bank and the World Health Organization, persons with disabilities currently constitute 15% of the world’s population, and most of these persons live in rural areas in developing countries. Many of these persons lack equal access to health care, education, job opportunities and other necessary services. One of the challenges to independence and use of public spaces is a lack of attention to physical activity and mobility needs.

To evaluate the association between physical activity and chronic disease and function outcome, 82 subjects with physical disabilities were given the Physical Activity questionnaire for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD). The PASIPD consists of 13 items: six leisure time activities, six household activities and one Work-related activity. Leisure activities include walking and wheeling outside the home other than specifically for exercise as well as light, moderate and strenuous sport and recreation exercise to increase muscle strength and endurance. Household activities include light and heavy housework, home repair, lawn work, outdoor garden, caregiving for another person and occupational activity other than office work.

In general, PASIPD scores differed significantly and in the expected direction between groups differing by age and levels of self-rated health and self-rated physical activity. Differences also existed in PASIPD total or subcategory scores by gender, type of disability and presence or absence of attendant care.

A sufficiently physically active lifestyle would be beneficial for individuals with physical disabilities, who are on average more sedentary than the general population. There is a need for a reliable and valid measure of physical activity for research in this specific population, and this scale is useful for evaluating associations between physical activity and chronic disease and functional outcomes.
Residual curarization and postoperative respiratory complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The effect of reversal agents: sugammadex vs. neostigmine
Authors: Ezri Tiberiu , Evron Shmuel , Petrov Irina , Schachter Pinhas , Berlovitz Yitzhak , Shimonov Mordechai
Published: June 2015

Background: Incomplete muscle relaxant reversal or re-curarization may be associated with postoperative respiratory complications. In this retrospective study we compared the incidence of postoperative residual curarization and respiratory complications in association with the type of muscle relaxant reversal agent, sugammadex or neostigmine, in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Material and methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients (179) undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from July 2012 to July 2013 at Wolfson Medical Center. Sugammadex 1.5-2 mg/kg (112 patients) or neostigmine 2.5 mg (67 patients) were used as reversal agents. Results were compared by the type of reversal agent employed. Compared parameters included demographic and anaesthetic data, residual curarization, oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) in the recovery room (PACU), episodes of SpO2 lower than 90% in PACU, unexpected intensive care (ICU) admissions, incidence of atelectasis and pneumonia, re-intubation and duration of hospitalization.

Results: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was more frequent in the sugammadex group (19% vs. 8%; p = 0.026). Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was more frequently associated with sugammadex (33% vs. 16%; p = 0.007). There were no differences in postoperative residual curarization, SpO2 < 90% episodes, reintubation, ICU admissions, pulmonary complications and duration of hospitalization.

Conclusion: With the inherent limitations of a retrospective study, the use of sugammadex following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy showed no advantage over neostigmine in terms of residual curarization and respiratory complications.
Diatoms in the biological assessment of the ecological state of waters using the Czarna Staszowska River as an example
Authors: Szczepocka Ewelina , Rakowska Barbara
Published: June 2015

The object of the present research was the Czarna Staszowska River, which is located in south-eastern Poland and which is a left tributary of the upper Vistula River. The length of the river is 61 km and its sources are situated in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The river flows across an area covered by Mesozoic rocks, mostly carbonate and sulfate ones. The upper and middle course of the river is of natural character, while increased pollution occurs downstream of the Chańcza Reservoir.

In the present study, the water quality of the Czarna Staszowska is investigated in the pure and polluted sections using diatom indices, such as IO − Diatom Index, IPS − Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index, GDI − Generic Diatom Index and TDI − Trophic Diatom Index. In the four river sections distinguished on the basis of the hydrology and the degree of water pollution, the occurrence of different indicator species was determined in the respective diatom assemblages. Indicator species were determined, i.e. characteristic of oligosaprobic and mesosaprobic, limestone and silicon-rich waters. Also taxa indicating an increased trophic status of the river (occurring in its polluted sections) were identified.
Improved hydration resistance of magnesia by EDTA and ammonium phosphate as additives
Authors: Zhang Wenzheng , Chen Bin , Mou Jiangnan , Wang Danyang
Published: June 2015

The control of magnesia (MgO) hydration ratio is a key factor in refractory slurry processing. The volumetric expansion that follows this reaction can result in MgO product cracks as MgO greatly tends to react with water. Thus, the antihydration of MgO is a key concern in refractory suspension processing. The performances of ammonium phosphate (AP) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as antihydration additives were evaluated by using hydration tests, and ionic conductivity, pH, and particle distribution of MgO powders in water and ethanol were used to provide information related to the MgO powder in different liquids. The results showed that the antihydration additives AP and EDTA can inhibit MgO hydration to some extent; however, AP was more effective in preventing volume expansion.
Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-phenyl- 1H-benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Alp Mehmet , Gurkan-Alp A. Selen , Ozkan Tulin , Sunguroglu Asuman
Published: June 2015

A series of novel 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazoles (5–14) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Compounds 5–7 and 10–12 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities against this cell line. The quantitative analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry demonstrated that the percentages of apoptotic HL-60 cells treated with compounds 5 and 10–12 were significantly higher than in the control.
Differential cytotoxic activity of the petroleum ether extract and its furanosesquiterpenoid constituents from Commiphora molmol resin
Authors: Ayyad Seif-Eldin N. , Hoye Thomas R. , Alarif Walied M. , Al Ahmadi Sana’a M. , Basaif Salim A. , Ghandourah Mohamed A. , Badria Farid A.
Published: June 2015

This study revealed a differential cytotoxic activity of the petroleum ether extract (IC50=5 μg/mL) of the resinous exudates of Commiphora molmol against two mouse cell lines KA31T and NIH3T3 (untransformed and transformed mouse fibroblasts, respectively). Four new compounds (1–4) and five known compounds (5–9) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. The identity of these new compounds was determined as γ-elemane lactone (1), 5-αH,8-βH-eudesma-1,3,7(11)-trien-8,12-olide (2), 2-hydroxy-11,12-dihydrofuranodiene (3), and 2-hydroxyfuranodiene (4). 1 and 2 displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against NIH3T3 cells. 7 and 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against KA31T cells. Compounds 3–6 showed weak cytotoxic activities against both cell lines. These results may explain the high efficacy of the petroleum ether fraction in several myrrh-derived pharmaceutical preparations.
Multiphoton Ionization of Liquid-to-Supercritical Methanol. Ultrafast Dynamics of Electron Localization and Geminate Recombination
Authors: Gehrmann Annika , Vöhringer Peter
Published: June 2015

Solvated electrons have been generated by 150 fs,
266 nm multiphoton ionization of methanol and their primary
dynamics have been recorded through near-infrared transient absorption
over a wide temperature (294 K ≤ T ≤ 523 K) and pressure (90 bar ≤ p ≤ 523 bar) region corresponding to the liquid and the
supercritical phases of the solvent. On ultrashort time scales well
below a few tens of picoseconds, the dynamics of electron
localization, solvation, and thermalization reveal themselves as
a delayed rise of the spectroscopic signal originating from the fully
equilibrated solvated electron. The temperature-dependence of these
dynamics is in line with a thermally-activated process involving
hydrogen-bond breakage and formation that is induced by the
librational/torsional dynamics of the methanol molecules. Longer
time scales of up to 1 ns are governed by the dynamics of
geminate recombination whose temperature dependence is indicative of
multiple competing recombination pathways involving charged and
neutral species, including radicals, of yet to be determined nature.
Influence of Fabrication Method on Tensile Response of Split Hopkinson Bar-Sized Specimens
Authors: Seidt Jeremy D. , Michael Pereira J. , Gilat Amos
Published: June 2015

The influence of the specimen fabrication method on results of tension experiments on miniature ductile metal samples was investigated. 2024-T351 aluminum specimens were fabricated using traditional machining methods (milling) to two surface roughness specifications and using electrical discharge machining (EDM). The recast layer was left on the EDM specimens. The surface roughness of all samples was documented. The influence of edge-breaking the samples (rounding the sharp edges) was also investigated. Tests were conducted at two nominal strain rates: 1.0 s−1 using a servohydraulic load frame and 1000 s−1 using a tension split Hopkinson bar (SHB) apparatus. Results showed that the fabrication method influenced both the ultimate tensile stress and the elongation at failure. For milled specimens, the ultimate tensile stress and elongation decreased with increasing surface roughness. EDM specimens had slightly lower ultimate stresses but ductility in line with finely milled samples. Ultimate stresses of milled specimens with broken edges were lower than those with unbroken edges.
Standardization of the End-Notched Flexure Test for Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Determination of Unidirectional Laminated Composites
Authors: Davidson Barry D.
Published: June 2015

Research is described that supports the approach used in the new ASTM International standard for the determination of the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional polymer matrix composites. Reasons for choosing the end-notched flexure (ENF) test over other candidate methods are first presented. This is followed by results from a combined numerical and experimental study that led to a compliance calibration method being chosen for data reduction, as well as two subsequent studies to determine the delamination lengths used for the calibration tests. The development of a method of creating static mode II precracks is described, and validation studies are presented. Other considerations that went into finalizing the test standard, including the determination of span length, range of allowable thicknesses, method of locating the delamination tip after precracking, and load levels to be used during compliance calibration, are then discussed. Results from an interlaboratory study are presented, which illustrates that the variation in test results that are observed in the ENF test using the standardized test method are quite small by historical standards. This indicates that the new standard is appropriate for general use and provides a welcome complement to the existing ASTM International standards for determination of the mode I and mixed-mode I-II interlaminar fracture toughness.
GATA Factor Regulation in Excess Nitrogen Occurs Independently of Gtr-Ego Complex-Dependent TorC1 Activation
Authors: Tate Jennifer J , Georis Isabelle , Rai Rajendra , Vierendeels Fabienne , Dubois Evelyne , Cooper Terrance G
Published: June 2015

The TorC1 protein kinase complex is a central component in a eukaryotic cell’s response to varying nitrogen availability, with kinase activity being stimulated in nitrogen excess by increased intracellular leucine. This leucine-dependent TorC1 activation requires functional Gtr1/2 and Ego1/3 complexes. Rapamycin inhibition of TorC1 elicits nuclear localization of Gln3, a GATA-family transcription activator responsible for the expression of genes encoding proteins required to transport and degrade poor nitrogen sources, e.g., proline. In nitrogen-replete conditions, Gln3 is cytoplasmic and Gln3-mediated transcription minimal, whereas in nitrogen limiting or starvation conditions, or after rapamycin treatment, Gln3 is nuclear and transcription greatly increased. Increasing evidence supports the idea that TorC1 activation may not be as central to nitrogen-responsive intracellular Gln3 localization as envisioned previously. To test this idea directly, we determined whether Gtr1/2- and Ego1/3-dependent TorC1 activation also was required for cytoplasmic Gln3 sequestration and repressed GATA factor-mediated transcription by abolishing the Gtr-Ego complex proteins. We show that Gln3 is sequestered in the cytoplasm of gtr1Δ, gtr2Δ, ego1Δ, and ego3Δ strains either long term in logarithmically glutamine-grown cells or short term after refeeding glutamine to nitrogen-limited or -starved cells; GATA factor−dependent transcription also was minimal. However, in all but a gtr1Δ, nuclear Gln3 localization in response to nitrogen limitation or starvation was adversely affected. Our data demonstrate: (i) Gtr-Ego-dependent TorC1 activation is not required for cytoplasmic Gln3 sequestration in nitrogen-rich conditions; (ii) a novel Gtr-Ego-TorC1 activation-independent mechanism sequesters Gln3 in the cytoplasm; (iii) Gtr and Ego complex proteins participate in nuclear Gln3-Myc13 localization, heretofore unrecognized functions for these proteins; and (iv) the importance of searching for new mechanisms associated with TorC1 activation and/or the regulation of Gln3 localization/function in response to changes in the cells’ nitrogen environment.
„Verstärkte Kooperation“ für mehr Wettbewerb – Französische, italienische und schwedische Wettbewerbshüter nehmen Verpflichtungszusagen von Booking an
Authors: Schlimpert Denis
Published: June 2015

Wettbewerbsbehörden weltweit untersuchen die kartellrechtliche Zulässigkeit von Paritätsklauseln in Verträgen zwischen Hotelportalen und -unternehmen. Im April 2015 erklärten die französischen, italienischen und schwedischen Wettbewerbshüter Bookings Verpflichtungszusagen in einem Verfahren „verstärkter Kooperation“ für verbindlich. Anders als der HRS-Beschluss des Bundeskartellamts ermöglichen diese Zusagen unter Verweis auf das Risiko von Trittbrettfahrern in gewissem Maße weiterhin vertikale Preis-und Konditionenparität im Verhältnis zu den hoteleigenen Vertriebskanälen. Der Beitrag stellt die Entscheidungen vergleichend gegenüber.