bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Clearly Blown Away by the End of the Morning’s Drama’: Spectacle, Pacification and the 2010 World Cup, South Africa
Authors: McMichael Christopher
Published: March 2016

The massive security assemblages surrounding major sporting events and political summits embody two layers of spectacle. On the one hand, security operations are central to the governance of entertainment and media imagery. Simultaneously these security measures are profoundly theatrical and calibrated for the maximum visual impact: the spectacle of security itself. Some critical thinkers have described this dual spectacle as indicative of a contemporary state-corporate obsession with image and perception management, an obsession which detracts from ‘valid’ security concerns. By contrast I argue that spectacle and theatricality are in fact highly functional components of the pacification projects of state and capital. With reference to Guy Debord’s conception of ‘spectacle’, this article highlights how mega-events reveal, in highly dramatised form, the logic of pacification. Using the 2010 FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) soccer World Cup as a case study, the article demonstrates how police and military power are mobilised to secure accumulation, to enforce social control and to extend the power and arsenal of the state security apparatus. What is truly spectacular about mega-event security is not just the incorporation of media templates into the working of state forces. Rather, the rhetoric and concept of security itself becomes a form of spectacular power as it serves to both obscure and justify how mega-events are ultimately projects of class power.
National-Cultural Autonomy and 'Neutralism': Vladimir Medem's Marxist Analysis of the National Question, 1903-1920.
Authors: Gechtman Roni
Published: March 2016

This article examines the views of Vladimir Medem (1879-1923) —a major leader and theorist of the Jewish Labour Bund in Tsarist Russia and, after 1918, in independent Poland— on the ‘national question’, as he presented them in internal discussions within the Bund and in his theoretical works. It demonstrates that Medem’s goal was not just to outline a political program for the Bund but to establish the foundations for a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the nation from a social democratic perspective. Strongly opposed to nationalism in all its manifestations, Medem put forward, as an alternative to the nation-state (demanded by all nationalist movements), a model of a ‘state of nationalities’ in which citizenship would be nationally neutral and granted equally to the members of all nationalities. At the same time, Medem proposed that the state must take an active role in protecting national minorities by granting each of them a national-cultural autonomy with a limited jurisdiction over cultural matters (and only those matters). Medem’s analysis of the national question and the Bund’s program of national-cultural autonomy (like the similar views formulated by Austro-Marxist theorists Karl Renner and Otto Bauer) deserve special attention, I argue; as a form of ‘multiculturalism avant la lettre’, they may offer insights relevant to today’s increasingly diverse and multicultural societies.
Leadership Style And Organizational Culture In Learning Organization: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rijal Sapna
Published: March 2016

Scholars and practitioners have identified transformational leadership and organizational culture as important factors that influence the development of learning organization. Yet, few studies have empirically examined the impact of transformational leadership and organizational culture on learning organization. This study proposes hypotheses to understand the impact of transformational leadership and organizational culture on the development of learning organization. Data was collected from the pharmaceutical sector and a comparison was drawn between India and Nepal. Results indicate transformational leadership and organizational culture have a positive influence in the development of learning organization. The implication of the findings and possible directions for future research are discussed.
MEOS 2015: Innovation, Collaboration Keys to Navigating Downturn in Oil Price
Authors: Henni Abdelghani
Published: March 2016

Conference Review

Managing the business amid the downturn in the price of oil and overcoming the challenges facing the industry topped discussions during the 19th annual Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference (MEOS), held in Manama, Bahrain, in March.

Industry leaders agreed that the industry should not repeat the mistakes that it made during the last oil price decline when staff were laid off and investment in research and development (R&D) was reduced.

Speaking at the opening ceremony, Abdulhameed Al-Rushaid, 2015 MEOS conference co-chairman and chief drilling engineer at Saudi Aramco, said the industry is proving to be resilient during the recent collapse in the price of oil.

“Many of us have seen volatility repeated time and again, with similar challenges in 1986, 1997, and 2009. Through the inevitable down cycles and shocks, we must continue our transformation, remaining agile, resourceful, and prudent in our operations,” he said.

“The industry should take safety, efficiency, productivity, environmental stewardship, and cost management to higher levels, while remaining focused on long-term strategic vision to work together to produce global energy,” Al- Rushaid said.

Abdul Hussain bin Ali Mirza, energy minister of Bahrain, said his country will continue to plan for the long term and will increase investment in technology despite the price downturn. “Innovation comes with technology, and we have been using EOR technology at our major oil field, Bahrain field, in the last 6 years that has helped offset the production decline. We are working with our partners to increase the recovery rate in the field,” he said.

The ministerial panel session looked at the global energy picture and the challenges facing major oil and gas producers in the region. The panelists were Suhail Al-Mazrouei, energy minister of the UAE; Ali Al-Omair, oil minister of Kuwait; Abdalla Salem El-Badri, secretary general of OPEC; and Mirza.
Technology Focus: Intelligent Fields Technology (May 2015)
Authors: Hudson John
Published: March 2016

Technology Focus

In the late 1990s, a friend in the office showed me a cobbled-together neural network in Excel that was driving (then Hyprotech, now Aspen) Hysys such that the calculation speeds were significantly faster than those in the more-rigorous but wandering solution that Hysys alone could yield. While interesting and a good solution for that problem, it seemed to me at the time something that a hobbyist would do in the evenings.

During the past few years, it has become painfully obvious that such a dismissive conclusion is outdated. Artificial-intelligence (AI) -based methods have become mainstream engineering, and we as practitioners need to have a firm understanding of the principles and be ready to apply them when the opportunities arise.

AI-related papers now make up a significant fraction of the overall literature in intelligent fields. For example, during the past year, Ikezue and Onukwuli have shown how neural networks can be used to control gas production in multilaterals. Baarimah et al. used a variety of techniques, including neural networks and fuzzy logic, to predict reservoir-fluid properties and demonstrated why this could be a better approach to a single correlation choice. Alzate et al. used neural networks to generate and test artificial well logs to assist in geomechanical evaluations. Note that these papers and others presented in the last year come not only from academic institutions but increasingly from operators and service providers reporting how these techniques are being used to make business decisions.

Why have these technologies gained traction? The answer, of course, is partly that the technologies have matured, though the basics have clearly been in place for some time. The more important trends are a vast increase in the availability of data and the increasing need to make business decisions before the physics of the problem is understood well enough to form a reasonable physical model. AI has emerged as a go-to solution type to help us build physical insight into problems where the complexity or heterogeneity of the problem makes a comprehensive physical model still too difficult to pose.

Among the articles featured in the section, you will find some enlightening examples that illustrate the utility of these approaches. JPT

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

OTC 25391 A Review of Intelligent- Completions Installations: Lessons Learned From Electric/Hydraulic, Hydraulic, and All-Electric Systems by Maciel Potiani, Baker Hughes, et al.

SPE 169388 Generating Synthetic Well Logs by Artificial Neural Networks Using MISO-ARMAX Model in Cupiagua Field by G.A. Alzate, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, et al.

SPE 170113 An Integrated Application of Cluster Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for SAGD-Recovery- Performance Prediction in Heterogeneous Reservoirs by Amirian Ehsan, University of Alberta, et al.
Azimuthal Deep-Resistivity and Multilateral Technologies in the Orinoco Oil Belt
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: March 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 163538, “The Combined Application of Azimuthal Deep-Resistivity and Multilateral Technologies Maximizes Extraheavy-Oil Recovery and Improves Production Rates in the JunIn Block of the Orinoco Oil Belt,” by J. Palermo, R. Gutierrez, J. Ramos, and O. Toledo, PDVSA, and W. Garcia, L. Rondon, D. Cohen, and O. Mendez, Halliburton, prepared for the 2013 SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 5–7 March.

Complex reservoirs in the Junín block of the Orinoco oil belt of eastern Venezuela offer challenges in achieving higher production rates and maximizing extraheavy-oil recovery. Most of the wells in this block were drilled in relatively homogeneous sands with good thickness; however, large extraheavy-oil reserves are trapped in a more geologically and operationally complex deltaic reservoir sand. This paper describes the combined application of multilateral and geosteering technologies to one of these wells and details the results of the application.

Introduction

To drill in one of the most complex deposits in the Junín block, technological solutions have been provided to position the horizontal path in the best location within the reservoir through the use of geosteering azimuthal deep- resistivity (ADR) tools to ensure the entire horizontal section is located in a highly productive area, combined with technological solutions to increase the drainage area with a drainage system designed for advanced multilaterals, thereby doubling the drainage area and maximizing well production.

Typical Horizontal Wells in the Junín Block

Description of the Field and Main Challenges. The area is quite complex structurally at younger levels (Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene), but the structural evidence of intense faulting in older units is also important (Fig. 1). The area includes the crystalline basement and sedimentary units of the Cambrian and Cretaceous. This complex geological structure is why the geosteering is in the northwest/southeast direction. The structure of this area corresponds to an area monocline oriented in a northwest/ southeast direction, dipping generally between 1 and 2° to the northeast.

Customized Mechanical Diagram. The operator’s customized mechanical well design is consistent with the Orinoco oil-belt well mechanical diagram. Fig. 2 shows the three drilling phases (surface, intermediate, and production sections) described in detail in the complete paper.
Toxicidade aguda e avaliação anatomopatológica em camundongos tratados com extrato da Qualea grandiflora Mart
Authors: Manzano Patrícia da Silva , Oliveira Camila Vieira de , Beserra Angela Márcia Selhorst e Silva , Violante Ivana Maria Povoa , Santos Rogério Alexandre dos , Almeida Talisson Werik , Rausch R. A. V. Q. G. , Vieira Evanice Menezes Marçal
Published: March 2016

A utilização de plantas medicinais é umas das práticas curativas mais antigas utilizadas pela humanidade. A espécie vegetal Qualea grandiflora Mart é utilizada popularmente para tratamento de asma, úlcera e processos inflamatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda do extrato aquoso de folhas de Qualea grandiflora Mart pelo teste Hipocrático em camundongos albinos Swiss Webster. Foram utilizados 48 animais, divididos em grupos, sendo 6 grupos tratados com o extrato hidroetanólico de Qualea grandiflora(HEQGM) por via oral (v.o) nas doses de 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 e 1000 mg/kg e 6 grupos tratados com o EHEQGM por via intraperitoneal (i.p) nas mesmas doses. Um animal controle foi utilizado para cada dose recebendo veículo (água destilada e DMSO, 10 ml/kg). Os animais foram observados individualmente em gaiolas apropriadas (campo aberto) nos tempos zero, 15 e 30 min, 1, 2, 4 e 8h durante o período de 14 dias. Foram observadas mudanças comportamentais em ambos os grupos e houve óbito nos grupos i.p 500 e 1000 mg/kg. Porém, no exame histopatológico dos órgãos destes animais não se observou alterações significantes.  Alguns efeitos indesejáveis observados neste estudo por meio dos parâmetros avaliados demonstram que a utilização da planta nas doses mais elevadas deve ser evitada.
Descritores: Toxicidade Aguda; Plantas Medicinais; Camundongos.
Laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy in dogs: 18 cases (2012–2014)
Authors: Wright Tanya , Singh Ameet , Mayhew Philipp D. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Brisson Brigitte A. , Oblak Michelle L. , Case J. Brad
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To describe the operative technique and perioperative outcome for laparoscopic-assisted splenectomy (LAS) in dogs.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 18 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs with naturally occurring disease of the spleen treated by means of LAS between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed. History, signalment, results of physical examination, results of preoperative diagnostic testing, details of surgical technique, intraoperative findings including results of abdominal exploration and staging, concurrent surgical procedures, complications, histopathologic diagnoses, duration of postoperative hospitalization, and perioperative outcome were recorded. The perioperative period was defined as the time from hospital admission for LAS until discharge or death (within the same visit).

RESULTS All dogs underwent initial abdominal exploration and staging via multiple 5-mm laparoscopic ports (n = 2) or a single commercially available multichannel port (16), followed by minilaparotomy with insertion of a wound retraction device, progressive exteriorization of the spleen, sealing of hilar vessels, and splenectomy. Splenectomy was performed for treatment of a splenic mass (n = 15), suspected neoplasia (2), or refractory immune-mediated disease (1). Median size (width × length) of splenic masses was 5 × 5 cm (range, 1.6 to 11.0 cm × 1.5 to 14.5 cm). Complications were limited to minor intraoperative hemorrhage in 1 dog; no patient required conversion to open laparotomy.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that LAS was technically feasible in dogs and not associated with major complications. Further evaluation is required; however, in appropriately selected patients, LAS may offer the benefits of a minimally invasive technique, including a smaller incision and improved illumination and magnification during exploration and staging.
Analysis of Soil Enzymes During the Cyclic Process of Vineyard Management
Authors: Mundaganur Dastigir Sayyad , Mundaganur Yasmin Dastigir , K.V. Ashokan
Published: March 2016

Keeping soil quality at par is one of the needed things for sustainable development and the existence of millions of living things in biosphere. Soil enzymes are used as soil quality indicators for quick response of changes for environmental stress, pollution and agricultural practices much more sooner (1–2 year) than other soil properties (organic matter); easy to measure (relatively simple procedure), having relations with plant productivity, soil quality parameters (organic matter, soil physical properties, microbial activity, and microbial biomass), and biogeochemical cycle; and being integrative. To assess the detrimental effect of the soil in grape cultivating field we selected four farming sites and various soil enzymes like protease. Urease, cellulose, chitinase, beta glocosidase, phosphatase, amylase, aryl sulphatase and dehydrogenase. As an additional support, we estimated the microbial population in all these fields and in all the stages of the cyclic process of the vine cultivation. Our study showed that the extensive use of the chemical pesticide badly affect the soil microorganism and which in turn badly affect the quality and quantity of the soil enzymes and subsequently the quality of the soil. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 67-73
Chromosome Aberrations as a Biomarker for Genomic Instability in Cell Cultures Originated From Bovines, Canines and Equines Infected With Papillomavirus
Authors: Simões Rachel Siqueira de Queiroz , Barth Ortrud Monika
Published: March 2016

Chromosomal abnormalities or aberrations were investigated in ten bovines, three canines and three equines presenting cutaneous papillomatosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible chromosomal abnormalities as a biomarker of genomic instability induced by the interaction of the viral genome with the chromatin of the host cell in peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin warts lesion cultures. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and epithelial biopsies. Amplification products from PCR using degenerated primer pair FAP59/FAP64 were sequenced. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cell cultures were performed. Structural chromosomal aberrations were verified as associations, chromosomal fragments, centric fusions, open chromatids, gaps, rearrangements and rings. Several levels of premature chromosome condensation were observed in both cultures. Numeric abnormalities as aneuploidy were also detected and hipoployd cells were found in a larger number than the hiperployd cells. This cytogenetic study in detecting premature chromosome condensation in the three species investigated describes by the first time the structural and numerical abnormalities in canines and equines presenting papillomatosis lesions. These abnormalities are similar of the three groups of animals, but virus specific.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 104-112
Factors influencing sexual behaviour between tourists and tourism employees: A systematic review
Authors: Simkhada Padam P , Sharma Aditi , Van Teijlingen Edwin R , Beanland Rachel L
Published: March 2016

Background: Increased travel abroad has a significant impact on the incidence and prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Previous reviews have focused on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of tourists and acquisition of STIs. Less is known about the impact on tourism operators in countries visited by tourists.  The aim of this review is to ascertain factors influencing sexual behaviour between workers in the tourism industry and tourists; exploring the prevalence of sexual behaviour between the two populations, their perceptions of sexual risk while engaging in sexual activities and the knowledge of tourism operators regarding STIs.Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Database searches were performed in Medline/Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane library and CINAHL for studies published between 2000 and March 2016. Grey literature searches were completed in the NHS database and Google Scholar between 2000 and December 2013. Papers were independently selected by two researchers. Data were extracted and critically appraised using a pre-designed extraction form and adapted CASP checklist.Results: The search identified 1,602 studies and 16 were included after review of the full text. Studies were conducted in nine countries. Findings suggest that STI knowledge, attitude and practice were fairly good among tourists and tourism workers, but there is a need for pre-travel advice for travellers, especially those travelling to low and middle-income countries. Greater importance was given to tourists than to tourism operators and locals interacting with tourists. Studies suggest that as a group both tourist and tourist workers were likely to engage in sexual activities. Overall, both condom use and STI screening were low, among tourists as well as tourism operators. Furthermore, studies reported links between drug and alcohol use and sexual behaviour and risk taking.Conclusion: Although less research appeared to have been conducted among tourism workers than tourists, it does demonstrate the need for education, training and promotion of travel medicine. STI screening, pre-travel advice, travel history in terms of contracting STIs and safe-sex awareness-raising are needed. More and better sexual health education and relevant tourism policies are needed globally.
The combined-disk boronic acid test as an accurate strategy for the detection of KPC carbapenemase in Central America
Authors: Zúñiga Julio , Cruz Gerardo , Pérez Carlos , Microbiology Group LCRSP , Tarajia Musharaf
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) outbreaks may cause a huge economical burden on developing countries. Furthermore, KPC can be challenging to detect. We describe the laboratory strategy for the detection of KPC from 2011 to 2013 in a tertiary care hospital in Central America with approximately 1,000 beds. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of a clinical laboratory database was done to determine the pragmatic application of the combined-disk boronic acid test during a KPC outbreak in Panama. A total of 1,026 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were found, of which 133 were positive for KPC. The strategy during two phases was described according to the test employed as a confirmatory test for KPC. After the K. pneumoniae isolates were detected by the VITEK 2 system, blaKPC polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the combined-disk boronic acid test were employed as a confirmatory test during phase one. The combined-disk boronic acid test was employed as a confirmatory test for KPC during phase two. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the boronic acid test were 100%, 97%, 91%, and 100%, respectively, when blaKPC PCR was employed as a confirmatory test during the start of the outbreak. Afterwards, modified VITEK 2 system parameters resulted in 116 suspicious KPC samples and the boronic acid test confirmed 102 isolates. Conclusions: The use of an automated bacterial identification system and the boronic acid test for the detection of KPC was an effective and low-cost strategy for a clinical laboratory in Panama during an outbreak.
La défectivité du TAM dans les énoncés de sens figuré
Authors: Tournadre Nicolas , Cadiot Pierre
Published: March 2016

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que les expressions figuratives sont soumises à des contraintes aspecto-temporelles. Nous montrons en particulier que les énoncés figuratifs sont souvent interprétés comme statifs et que la perte du trait dynamique a des conséquences sur le comportement aspectuel. Ainsi les aspects « accompli » et « progressif » ne sont pas en général compatibles avec les expressions figuratives. Jusqu’à présent, ces types d’interaction sont largement passés inaperçus. L’article est illustré par des exemples concrets en français, toutefois il est clair que ces interactions et ces contraintes ont une dimension universelle. Le cadre aspecto-temporel utilisé dans cette description est le modèle « configuration et perspective » qui correspond à une approche typologique. L’un de ses avantages est qu’il ne présume en aucune façon d’équivalences aspectuelles entre les langues. Un aspect lexical (ou Aktionsart ) dans une langue donnée peut parfaitement correspondre à un aspect grammatical dans une autre langue.
Séries itératives, phases et agglomérats de procès
Authors: Gosselin Laurent
Published: March 2016

Résumé Cet article porte sur l’aspect itératif. Nous montrons d’abord que la pluralité des procès itérés n’est pas rigoureusement comparable à celle des objets désignés par des syntagmes nominaux pluriels, mais présente des caractéristiques spécifiques. Pour rendre compte de ces caractéristiques, nous introduisons la catégorie de procès lato sensu , qui recouvre les procès, les phases, les séries itératives et les agglomérats de procès. Puis nous proposons un système de règles récursives qui prédit l’ensemble des structures itératives possibles. Ces structures sont illustrées par des exemples empruntés à la littérature.
Les constructions modales comparatives faire mieux de , valoir mieux et falloir mieux
Authors: Patard Adeline
Published: March 2016

Résumé Dans la littérature récente, plusieurs articles ont été consacrés à l’étude de constructions modales comparatives (CMC) dans les langues germaniques, notamment l’anglais, le néerlandais et l’allemand. Toutefois, les CMC n’existent pas que dans l’aire germanique mais sont aussi attestées dans les langues romanes, par exemple en français. Le présent article porte ainsi sur trois CMC du français : faire mieux de , valoir mieux et falloir mieux . L’objectif est double. Il s’agit d’abord de donner une description linguistique de ces CMC : sur la base d’une analyse de corpus, nous donnons une caractérisation morphosyntaxique de ces constructions en synchronie, nous retraçons leur développement diachronique, puis nous proposons une analyse de leur sémantique. De plus, l’étude vise à définir le degré de grammaticalisation de ces CMC, ce qui permettra de conclure sur leur statut d’auxiliaire modal du français.
La modulation de l’assertion par to omou et to omowareru en japonais. Approche contrastive japonais / français
Authors: Tuchais Simon
Published: March 2016

Résumé On peut identifier en japonais aussi bien qu’en français un ensemble d’outils linguistiques signalant une opinion personnelle et partageant un certain nombre de caractéristiques sémantiques, syntaxiques et énonciatives. La notion de modalité joue un rôle central dans l’analyse de leur fonctionnement, dans la mesure où ils renseignent sur la source de la validation du contenu asserté par l’énoncé. Cette étude examine particulièrement deux expressions japonaises, to omou et to omowareru , afin de montrer ce qu’elles révèlent sur la modalité dans cette langue, puis de confronter les faits observés avec le français en vue de mettre en lumière les choix qu’offre chacune des deux langues. Tandis qu’en français c’est le rapport entre la source de validation – la subjectivité individuelle du locuteur – et le type de jugement exprimé – objectif ou subjectif – qui déterminera ce choix, en japonais, c’est la variation de la source de validation elle-même : on observe une opposition entre to omowareru , qui implique une source de validation incluant le locuteur, mais n’étant pas limitée à celui-ci, et to omou qui a pour fonction de limiter la source au seul locuteur, participant ainsi à la construction du MOI dans le discours.
Les verbes modaux sont-ils polysémiques ? Données d’ eye tracking en lecture
Authors: Barbet Cécile
Published: March 2016

Résumé Cet article présente les résultats d’une expérience d’ eye tracking en lecture réalisée afin d’apporter des éléments de réponse à la question de la représentation en mémoire des verbes modaux devoir et pouvoir . La nature – homonymique, polysémique ou monosémique / sous-spécifiée – des modaux français est testée grâce à la manipulation du sens radical ou épistémique du verbe modal et du caractère neutre ou favorable au sens du contexte précédant le verbe. La lecture des phrases contenant devoir est plus facile quand il apparaît dans son sens radical que quand il apparaît dans son sens épistémique. Cet effet de fréquence relative, le sens radical étant le sens dominant des verbes modaux français, concorde avec l’hypothèse de la polysémie : si les sens sont représentés en mémoire, on s’attend en effet à ce que le sens dominant soit le plus facile d’accès et le plus facile à traiter. En revanche, un effet de la fréquence relative n’apparaît pas avec pouvoir . Au contraire, la première lecture du verbe même est facilitée par le sens épistémique, soit le sens non dominant, et la lecture générale des phrases contenant pouvoir est facilitée par les contextes favorables au sens. Les résultats obtenus avec les phrases contenant pouvoir s’accordent mieux avec l’hypothèse monosémique de la sous-spécification, postulant un sens unique sous-spécifié stocké en mémoire proche du sens épistémique, sens épistémique de pouvoir par ailleurs en réalité plus aléthique qu’épistémique comme nous essayons de le montrer. Les deux verbes modaux français sont traditionnellement étudiés ensemble car on part du principe que l’un est le pendant de l’autre dans son propre domaine modal – possibilité ou nécessité. Cette étude remet en question cet a priori .
Spectrum Handoff Method Based on Extenics for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Wan Pin , Ouyang Sheng , Yuan Fei , Fu Yuli
Published: March 2016

A spectrum handoff model and optimal channel decision method based on Extenics have been proposed in order to resolve the optimal channel decision problem of spectrum handoff in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. The method of matter-element Extenics is used to analyses the spectrum handoff process. The channel state through the spectrum sensing and status information of the primary users is analyzed and transformed by matter-element Extenics. Then the parameters to determine the best channel are calculated on the basis of Extenics correlation function. Finally the optimal channel is selected. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve spectrum utilization efficiency of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks and can reduce the interrupt probability of second users.
Intelligent Processing of Experimental Data in ISES Remote Laboratory
Authors: Gerza Michal , Schauer Frantisek
Published: March 2016

The paper deals with the design of the intelligent processing of experimental data measured in the remote laboratories, where the measurements are performed by connected clients via the finite-state machine residing at an advanced server. As physical hardware and software is used the Internet School Experimental System (ISES). This platform is intended for educational purposes at schools and universities to provide the suitable measuring environment for students using computers. It is especially suitable for distance students who cannot attend regular courses during their studies of physics, chemistry or electro-engineering.
At present, the remote laboratory does not dispose of any data processing technique. This results in excessive demands on storing capacity. The suggested solution solves this drawback by processing and archiving techniques to store measured data after their organizing in predetermined structures and concomitant data volume reduction.
The paper is organized in the following manner. In the first section, Introduction, the ISES remote laboratory concept is introduced, following, State of the art, describing present stage of its ISES physical hardware development. The description of ISES physical software is concentrated at the Measureserver core unit realized as the finite-state machine. The next section deals with the design and implementation of the intelligent data processing component, which is focused on the extracting, filtering and archiving of measured data coming from the Measureserver unit communicating with a physical experiment. Finally, all the functional benefits are summarized for interested, who are involved in the remote experiments construction.
Implementing Cloud Based Virtual Computer Network Labs for Online Education: Experiences from a Phased Approach
Authors: Gercek Gokhan , Saleem Naveed , Steel Douglas
Published: March 2016

On-line instruction rather easily accommodates courses in some fields such as history, sociology, business administration and political sciences. However, it poses significant challenges for courses in technical fields that require hands-on experimentation. Courses in computer networking area constitute such an example. Given the demand for on-line courses and the trend for migration to online mode, there is a need to devise strategies that would allow students to conduct computing experiments remotely. Virtualization is a rapidly evolving technology that provides opportunities for online computer education. Through virtualization tools, it is possible to convert brick-and-mortar labs into virtual network labs. Using online virtual network lab tools, students may build, troubleshoot and test networks using their personal computers and, thereby, eliminate the commute to the labs. Cloud technology, another rapidly growing field, can help an organization achieve significant savings in IT services and infrastructure costs, as well as enhance IT support for organizational operations. Confluence of cloud and virtualization technologies present new opportunities for online education. However, there are significant issues to surmount in order to apply these technologies to computing-related courses and in particular to online computer networking courses. This paper presents experiences gained from transforming a traditional computer lab into an online virtual domain at the authors' university. The network lab described in this paper is utilized mostly for graduate computer networking, network security and wireless networking courses. The phased approach depicted in this paper should help academic institutions gain insights into technical and operational challenges in building and operating an online virtual lab.
Consumer Behavior Regarding Luxury Perfumes
Authors: Díaz-Bustamante Mónica , Carcelén Sonia
Published: March 2016

Due to the importance of the fragrances segment within the luxury market and the limited academic and professional literature available regarding the same, this chapter offers a detailed description of the basic characteristics of this segment. Therefore, based on the analysis of primary and secondary information (quantitative and qualitative) regarding the Spanish market, the key elements of luxury fragrance consumer behavior have been described, examining the principle explanatory factors leading to decision making processes for their purchase and use; in other words, the motivations to purchase and consume these products. This knowledge is decisive to permit luxury fragrance brands to appropriately design their global marketing strategies and formulate the appropriate marketing-mix.
Instructor Immediacy and Authenticity
Authors: Crawford Caroline M.
Published: March 2016

Online instructors necessitate the implementation of immediacy and authenticity on a continuous basis within an instructional endeavor. Towards more fully understanding the immediacy and authenticity of an instructor's efforts, aspects related to interactive activities, instructor's philosophical beliefs systems, and understanding cognitive vulnerability within an online instructional environment are vitally important to learner success. Further, while developing a community of practice supports the instructor's efforts to engage learners more fully within the instructional success capable within an online instructional environment, while also focusing upon enhancing the talent pool within the course environment. A talent-propelled instructional environment supports the learners while also enhancing the instructor's viability and strength of positive instructional experience.
“I'm Here for You”
Authors: Elander Kelly R.
Published: March 2016

The author examines instructor presence by considering its historical role, the many important tasks that instruction presence accomplishes, and many ways instructional presence can be shown in online learning. Instructor presence has historically fulfilled four key functions: guidance, socialization, motivation, and coordination. Tasks that instructor presence can help with include welcoming and orienting learners, providing grades and explanations for grades, communicating course and instructor expectations and feedback on learner work, offering follow-up questions and comments, and moderating discussions. Seven techniques suggested to provide a sense of instructor presence include scheduling predetermined, regular appearances online, providing quick responses to comments and assignments, making occasional instructor posts throughout course discussions, offering periodic, brief, personal comments, providing special periods of instructor access, simulating presence by means of prerecorded audio or video clips and using instructor representatives.
The Human Element
Authors: Hibbert Melanie , Kerr Kristine Rodriguez , Garber Adrienne A. , Marquart Matthea
Published: March 2016

One of the affordances of instructional videos in online courses is that they provide the opportunity for faculty to increase their instructor presence in asynchronous learning environments. This chapter draws upon qualitative interview data collected from student perspectives about their experiences with online course media, and discusses emergent themes from student interviews related to increased instructor presence such as trustworthiness (social context, branding, production values, nonverbal communication), personalization (humor, colloquial language), and feedback. That is, videos that encompassed these qualities were evaluated and discussed in ways that reflected more social presence (Dunlap & Lowenthal, 2014) and instructor immediacy (Baker, 2010), and less social distance (Magee & Smith, 2013). Our findings suggest that online instructional videos can be an effective tool to reduce social distance between instructors and students. This chapter concludes with suggestions for online education practitioners on how to produce and use instructional videos to increase instructor presence and immediacy.
Granulomatous Lithiasic Cholecystitis in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Handra-Luca Adriana
Published: March 2016

Gallbladder granulomas are exceedingly rare, reported in association with tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. Here we report a case of gallbladder granulomatous cholecystitis occurring in the context of sarcoidosis. A 70-years old man presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The medical history revealed sarcoidosis diagnosed more than 20-years previously. 2-years previously the patient showed renal lithiasis, hypercalcemia and, increased angiotensin converting enzyme. The imaging features suggested thoraco-abdominal sarcoidosis. Prednisone was given at 1.2 mg/kg/day initially, than decreased, being at 2.5 mg/day at present. The ultrasound examination showed gallbladder lithiasis. A cholecystectomy was performed. Microscopy showed subacute and chronic cholecystitis with several epithelioid and giant cell granulomas some of them perineural. In conclusion, we report a case of granulomatous cholecystitis occurring in the course of treated sarcoidosis. The perineural location of granulomas may give further insights into the pathogenesis of gallbladder dysmotility.
Knowledge, attitudes and eye care seeking practices regarding trachoma in Central Division of Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Ng'etich Arthur S. , Owino Claudio , Juma Ahmad , Khisa Kevin N.
Published: March 2016

Trachoma is responsible for the visual impairment of about two million people worldwide, out of which a majority are irreversibly blind. The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and eye care seeking practices of the community regarding the available trachoma eye care services. Community members aged eighteen and over participated. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was adapted. Data analysis was performed using Stata. The level of awareness of trachoma disease in the study area was high (95%). About three quarters (71%) of the respondents were knowledgeable of the available trachoma eye care services. A majority had a positive attitude towards the available services and expressed need for the services. Public health facilities were mostly preferred. The study concluded that the community was knowledgeable of the available trachoma eye care services and had a positive attitude towards the services. Concerned stakeholders should reinforce the positive attitudes through community based educational programs and improve eye care seeking practices through community participation in education and outreach services.
Salivary Cortisol Levels: The Importance of Clown Doctors to Reduce Stress
Authors: Saliba Flávia G. , Adiwardana Natanael S. , Uehara Eliane U. , Silvestre Renata N. , Leite Victor V. , Faleiros Francisca T.V. , Padovani Flávia H.P. , De Gobbi Juliana I.F.
Published: March 2016

This study was designed to correlate entertainment of clown-doctors (CD) activities on hospitalized children and aphysiological biomarker. For this purpose we collected saliva samples and verified children satisfaction with these activities by using a visual analog scale (VAS). Children from 6 to 7 years-old, with diagnosis of any acute pathology, interned in the Pediatric Ward of the Botucatu Medical School Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil) were interviewed. Two groups were taken into consideration: lunchCD and dinnerCD. The following protocol was applied in each group (lunch and dinner): collection of the first saliva sample and presentation of VAS prior to CD activities, followed by collection of a second saliva sample and another VAS assessment after CD activities. The salivary cortisol was reduced in both groups comparing the first saliva sample. The satisfaction of the intervention was evident for lunchCD. The CD intervention is effective in decreasing an important physiological biomarker of stress factor, cortisol, in hospitalized children, been effective for the healing process.
Impact of music in reducing patient anxiety during pediatric ultrasound
Authors: Kesselman Andrew , Bergen Michael , Stefanov Dimitre , Goldfisher Rachelle , Amodio John
Published: March 2016

The use of noninvasive ultrasound examinations can potentially result in significant anxiety in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of music during pediatric ultrasound examinations to reduce anxiety measured by heart rate. A total of 44 patients were recruited; 21 controls and 23 experimental. Each participant was randomized to either music or no music (control) after parental consent was obtained. Pulse oximeters were used to monitor heart rate at 15 second intervals for a total of 1 minute, with mean values calculated prior to entering the procedure room, during the middle of the procedure, and after the procedure was completed. The total scan time was determined from the initial image acquisition until the last image recorded by the ultrasound technologist. At the completion of each procedure, the ultrasound technologist scored the ease of performance for the scan on a subjective scale of 1-10 based on prior experience. When utilizing music during pediatric ultrasounds examinations, our study demonstrated significantly decreased heart rate variability from pre-procedural to post-procedural periods. There was no statistical significant difference in total scan time or ultrasound technologist scoring between the two groups. This study demonstrates that music is an inexpensive and effective means of reducing anxiety during pediatric ultrasound as indicated by heart rate.
A community needs responsive management training model: Re-envisioning management training for pastors of the International Assemblies of God Church
Authors: Masenya Malesela J. , Booyse Johannes J.
Published: March 2016

Non-profit organisations (NGO�s) play an important role in helping satisfy society�s many needs. Churches, for example, are called upon to address critical challenges facing the South African society such as discrepancies in life chances, unemployment and corruption. It largely depends on the management skills of leaders of such organisations to succeed in their endeavour to meet community needs. In order to improve these skills, this study sought to redefine the initial training of student pastors, including their management training, at the colleges of the International Assemblies of God Church (IAG). A qualitative research approach was followed. Two focus group interviews and seven individual interviews were conducted. Interviews included members of the national and provincial executive committees of the IAG, serving pastors, directors of training colleges, pastor trainees in their final year of study, and a newly graduated student. The findings of the study support the importance of formal management training for pastors before being employed in the service of the IAG. This Church has moved away from accepting ministers for service based on their faith and profession of a call to ministry only. The investigation revealed shortcomings in the initial training programmes of pastors; for example, the emphasis on theological courses at the expense of courses that are responsive to community needs and management training issues. Leaders with the competency to respond to community needs are required. The implementation of a transformational management framework, which includes community responsive courses, is recommended as a way to effectively train church leaders.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Although this article is written within the framework of Educational Management, it touches on other fields like Practical Theology and Curriculum Development. It reflects on the perceived need to include management training in the formal preparation of pastors; an aspect which has previously been sorely neglected. A training model is suggested to achieve this objective.Keywords: community;�training; pastors
Proteomic Changes in Chicken Plasma Induced by Salmonella typhimurium Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Packialakshmi Balamurugan , Liyanage Rohana , Lay Jackson O. , Makkar Sarbjeet K. , Rath Narayan C.
Published: March 2016

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are cell wall components of Gram-negative bacteria that produce inflammation and sickness in higher animals. The objective was to identify plasma proteomic changes in an avian model of inflammation. Chickens were treated with either saline or LPS, and blood was collected at 24 hours postinjection. The pooled plasma samples were depleted of high-abundant proteins and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). MALDI analyses showed an increase in fibrinogen beta-derived peptide and a decrease in apolipoprotein-AII-derived peptide in LPS samples. Label-free quantitation of LC–MS/MS spectra revealed an increase in the levels of α1-acid glycoprotein, a chemokine CCLI10, and cathelicidin-2, but a decrease in an interferonstimulated gene-12-2 protein in the LPS group. These differentially expressed proteins are associated with immunomodulation, cytokine changes, and defense mechanisms, which may be useful as candidate biomarkers of infection and inflammation.