bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud Analytics
Authors: Kondaveeti Hari Kishan , Biswal Biswajit , Saikia Licia , Terala Udithaa , Gorikapudi Sateesh , Vatsavayi Valli Kumari
Published: January 2024

Cloud analytics is the process of using cloud computing resources and technologies to analyze and gain insights from large and complex data. Cloud analytics has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its scalability, cost-efficiency, and accessibility. It enables organizations to process large datasets, perform complex analytics, and make data-driven decisions more effectively and affordably. This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of cloud analytics, covering its fundamental principles, significance in today's data-driven landscape, benefits and challenges of adoption, critical tools and technologies, data management in cloud environments, and promising future directions and emerging trends. By the end of this chapter, readers will have a deep understanding of cloud analytics and its potential to revolutionize the way organizations analyze and leverage data.
Evaluating Strategies of Activist-Public Relations From a Mainstream to Digital Activism Perspective
Authors: Güzeloğlu Ebru Belkıs , Erten Elif Üstündağlı , Atak Zümrüt
Published: January 2024

Public relations, which has traditionally been used by corporations, is now being observed as a strategy within the activist realm. Activist organizations employ public relations (PR) strategies while advocating for a cause, while institutions utilize PR research to manage their interactions with activists. Hence, the precise definition, extent, and limitations of activist public relations remain ambiguous. This study examines activism as a social movement in relation to public relations (PR) to represent the convergence and divergence of interactions between corporate and social perspectives, as well as the reciprocal development of activism and PR. The study revealed that legitimacy and visibility, framing the issue, networking, crafting the message, resource enhancement, actions and implementations, communication media and tools, transformation and restructuring, and measuring effectiveness are the primary public relations tools that are effective for including different actors and movements with increasing awareness and responsibility.
Green Economy and Sustainable Development in India
Authors: Dhabliya Dharmesh , Gupta Ankur , Dari Sukhvinder Singh , Dhabliya Ritika , Dhablia Anishkumar , Sakhare Nitin N. , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: January 2024

The ideal strategy for transitioning to economies that are inclusive and sustainable has long been a topic of discussion, both domestically and internationally. India only recently became a member of the 2030 Agenda for Global Development and accepted the Paris Agreement. You may consider both triumphs as occurring at the same time. India just assumed two major new global obligations. The main topic of discussion in these talks is how to move toward diverse and environmentally conscious economies. India just made promises to the world. The primary objective of both agreements is to ensure that everyone lives a cozy, healthful, and ecologically responsible life. There is a common objective among these agreements. Achieving sustainable growth—a prerequisite for a green economy—requires us to expand our economies in ways that advance social justice, the environment, and equality. The lack of sustainable economic development makes the establishment of a green economy more challenging.
Unleashing the Potential
Authors: Kapoor Pooja , Pathania Yogyata
Published: January 2024

The fast-rising market for portable electronic devices and the development of hybrid electric vehicles require the use of clean energy sources at a much higher level than presently in use. Nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize energy harvesting and storage, providing a sustainable solution for our ever-growing energy needs. These materials combine the unique properties of different nanomaterials, leading to the development of new hybrid nanomaterials, to create synergistic effects, enhancing their overall performance and efficiency. Owing to their tunability and versatility, scientists can tailor the composition, morphology, and structure of these materials to optimize their performance. This technology has led to the development of advanced supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, etc. with high energy density, fast charging capabilities, and long cycle life. This chapter is focused on specially designed hybrid nanomaterials for energy harvesting and storage applications.
Hybrid Nanomaterial Employment in Clinical and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Zargham Marriam , Khan Muhammad Farhan , Munawar Anam
Published: January 2024

Hybrid nanomaterials are based on a combination of materials resulting in amalgamation of unique features that can address various challenges in medicine and healthcare. Such materials offer a wide range of functionalities that can revolutionize diagnostics, therapeutics, and medical imaging. In drug delivery, tunable properties of hybrid nanomaterials enable precise targeting of specific cells or tissues, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects while their utility in diagnostic techniques facilitate early disease detection with improved sensitivity and selectivity.
Programmatic Efforts to Provide Progressively Autonomous Clinical Education Experiences
Authors: Carlson Brittany E. , Young Justin P. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Barrett Jessica , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: January 2024

Context

In previous research, athletic trainers (ATs) have identified the formal coursework and clinical experiences of their professional program as contributing to preparedness for autonomous practice. However, new graduates have reported a perceived lack of skills necessary for practicing autonomously.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how programs provide progressively autonomous clinical education experiences and the role of these experiences in preparing future ATs.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Virtual interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

A sample of 17 program administrators (program directors = 12, coordinators of clinical education = 5) representing 16 master of science in athletic training programs participated in this study.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Each program completed a virtual interview guided by a semistructured interview protocol. A 3-person data analysis team identified emerging domains and categories through a multiphase approach. Member checking, multiple researcher triangulation, and auditing were used to establish trustworthiness.

Results

Four domains emerged from participant responses: (1) curricular design, (2) preparatory experience and outcomes, (3) preceptor role, and (4) assessments. We found that intentionality in curricular design to promote progressive autonomy was beneficial in facilitating transition to practice through improved knowledge, skills, and confidence. Due to the importance of clinical education in AT preparation, preceptors played a critical role in creating opportunities for learning in the clinical environment. However, the degree to which experiences were autonomous and the effectiveness of the student in those encounters were rarely measured. Limitations outlined by participants included accreditation and program length.

Conclusions

The development of knowledge, skills, and confidence through intentionally selected clinical experiences and guided by preceptor feedback are critical to establishing an autonomous practitioner. However, the program’s evaluations were predominantly traditional practice assessments and informal feedback, instead of an assessment of readiness for practice.
How Long is Too Long? Asymptomatic Nocturnal Pauses in Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Małek Łukasz A.
Published: January 2024

Athletes undergo mandatory or voluntary cardiac testing, which may include 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring. This study can on occasion disclose nocturnal pauses in otherwise asymptomatic healthy individuals. In some athletes, particularly those engaging in endurance or mixed sports, the pauses can be longer than 2–3 s and/or be caused by sinus arrest high-degree atrioventricular block not typical for physiological adaptation to exercise. The manuscript discusses the physiology and potential pathologies behind long nocturnal pauses in athletes. Several management strategies are proposed including emerging treatment techniques such as cardioneuroablation.
Six-point scleral fixation of a three-looped haptics one-piece posterior chamber intraocular lens by a single suture
Authors: Chen Fei-Fei , Jiang Feng , Zhang Wen-Wen , Liu Ya-Jun , He Zi-Fang , Xie Zheng-Gao
Published: January 2024

To evaluate a novel technique for six-point scleral fixation of a three-looped haptics posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) by a single suture. Nine eyes of nine patients were studied from September 2021 to March 2023. All patients had undergone vitrectomy. Only a single 9-0 polypropylene suture was used for scleral fixation. The three looped haptics were fixed at 12, 4, and 8 o’clock with six-point scleral fixation. The entire procedure took about 30 min. Among the nine patients, eight (88.8%) eyes had a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity, whereas one (11.2%) eye showed no change. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. By ultrasonic biomicroscopy examination, intraocular lenses were well positioned and stable with no tilt in the horizontal and vertical axis. The method of six-point scleral fixation of a three-looped haptics PCIOL by a single suture is safe and effective.
Selective Bowman’s layer transplantation in the treatment of neurotrophic corneal ulcers
Authors: Wyroślak-Bednarek Diana , Skrzypska Milena , Górnik Anna , Jurowski Piotr
Published: January 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the surgical technique of selective Bowman’s layer transplantation as well as the results of the surgery in patients with trophic corneal ulcers. The methodology of the study included three eyes from three patients with neurotrophic corneal ulcers grafting with corneal Bowman’s layer. Pre- and postoperative analyses of the anterior segment of the eye were based on optical coherence tomography and slit-lamp assessment. Postoperatively a gradual corneal stroma restoration and fast corneal epithelialization were noticed. Based on our observations, the stiff and firm structure of Bowman’s layer is supposed to strengthen the corneal surface and maintain its shape. It acts also as an antipathogen and antitoxin corneal barrier. Application of this acellular corneal layer transplantation to cover trophic corneal ulcers is an interesting, modern and crucial method of neurotrophic keratitis treatment.
Prediction of foveal microstructure and visual outcomes following surgery for idiopathic macular hole: An assessment using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Pan Qintuo , Zheng Jingwei , Zhang Zhaoliang , Zhang Zongduan , Hu Xuting
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of two novel indices, the hole closure index (HCI) and the hole healing index (HHI), in predicting both the anatomic outcome and postoperative visual acuity following surgical intervention for idiopathic macular holes.

Methods:

A total of 38 patients diagnosed with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) were included. All patients underwent standard surgical treatment, including vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and gas tamponade. Preoperative and postoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was utilized to assess the anatomical status of the macular hole (MH). The maximum distance between the tips of the external limiting membrane (ELM) was designated as the hole size (HS). HHI, calculated as the ratio of hole height to HS, and HCI, calculated as the ratio of hole height to the average of minimum diameter and base diameter, were determined. Postoperative reconstruction of ELM and ellipsoid zone (EZ) was evaluated, along with analysis of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) scale. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between anatomical outcomes, postoperative visual acuity, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for both HHI and HCI.

Results:

Regression analyses revealed significant correlations between HCI and the restoration of ELM and EZ at 6 months after surgery (P = 0.002 and P = 0.014, respectively). In addition, a significant correlation was found between HHI and postoperative BCVA better than logMAR 0.52 also at 6 months after surgery (P = 0.033). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for HCI based on ELM and EZ reconstruction was high, with values of 0.942 and 0.842, respectively. AUC for HHI, determined by ROC curve analysis of postoperative BCVA, was 0.704.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, our findings indicate that HCI may be the most accurate predictor of type 1 closure, while HHI could be considered a potential predictor of postoperative visual acuity.
Research progress on prediction of postoperative intraocular lens position
Authors: Hu Jun , Zhang Wan-Ping , Cao Dan-Min , Lei Qiong
Published: January 2024

With the progress in refractive cataract surgery, more intraocular lens (IOL) power formulas have been introduced with the aim of reducing the postoperative refractive error. The postoperative IOL position is critical to IOL power calculations. Therefore, the improvements in postoperative IOL position prediction will enable better selection of IOL power and postoperative refraction. In the past, the postoperative IOL position was mainly predicted by preoperative anterior segment parameters such as preoperative axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and corneal curvature. In recent years, some novel methods including the intraoperative ACD, crystalline lens geometry, and artificial intelligence (AI) of prediction of postoperative IOL position have been reported. This article attempts to give a review about the research progress on prediction of the postoperative IOL position.
Development of a risk score for myopia: A cohort study conducted among school-aged children in China
Authors: Shi Ziwei , Yang Lihua , Xu Ting , Jia Jing , Yang Song , Yang Bo , Yang Wei , Yang Changchun , Peng Yan , Gu Hong , Liu Caiping , Wei Sheng
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the myopia risk in school-aged children one year after lifting a pandemic-related lockdown and develop a tool to identify high-risk groups.

Methods:

In total, 38,079 children without myopia from 38 schools were included. The outcomes were myopia incidence and progression in 1 year after the COVID-19 lockdown was lifted, both obtained by the spherical equivalent refraction (SER). We separated the population into an exploratory (75%) and a validation sample (25%) to construct the risk score model.

Results:

In total, 9811 (29.57%) students became myopic, and the overall myopia progression was 0.22 ± 0.62 D. Even less myopia progression was noted in the pre-myopia group at baseline (All: P = 0.045, Boy: P = 0.005). The risk score model included seven predictors: gender, grade, SER at baseline, residence, parental myopia, eye discomfort symptoms, and online courses. The model had a score range of 0–46 and an optimal cutoff of 34. The area under the receiver operating curve of the model was 0.726 (0.719–0.732) for the exploratory sample and 0.731 (0.720–0.742) for the validation sample.

Conclusions:

The risk score can serve as a practical tool for classifying the risk of myopia in school-aged children.
Optimized Kalinnikov–Dinh technology for effective pre-Descemet’s endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) graft preparation and preservation
Authors: Yury Y Kalinnikov , Dinh T H Anh , Svetlana Y Kalinnikova , Andrey V Zolotarevskiy
Published: January 2024

We report an optimized Kalinnikov–Dinh technology for pre-Descemet’s endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) that involves the use of a ring fixator, base, 30G needle connected to a 5-ml syringe with a spring-loaded plunger, and storage media. Our method allows to minimize graft preparation failure and preserves the PDEK graft efficiently, by reducing complications associated with the formation of type 1 big bubbles, including bubble rupture, perforation of Descemet’s membrane and endothelium, and formation of type 2 or mixed type of big bubbles, and may contribute to increasing the number of surgeons performing PDEK around the globe.
Long-term outcomes of iris-sutured subluxated intraocular lenses
Authors: Nayman Taylor , Milad Daniel , Sebag Mikael
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of managing posterior chamber intra-ocular lens (IOL) (PCIOL) subluxation through pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with IOL iris suturing.

Settings and Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

Patients who underwent PPV with iris-sutured IOL (IS-IOL) for IOL subluxation between January 2008 and April 2021 at a tertiary center with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were included. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had prior PPV and those who had not undergone the procedure.

Results:

A total of 54 patients underwent iris suturing of a subluxated IOL. Among them, 36 (66%) had previously undergone PPV, while 18 patients (33%) had not. The etiology of PCIOL subluxation was uncertain in 20 (37.0%), prior PPV in 17 (32%), and following complicated cataract surgery in 11 (20%) cases. The mean time between original IOL insertion and IS-IOL was 6.1 ± 7.0 years. The mean follow-up duration was 46.8 ± 39.7 months. The mean post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logMAR 0.43 ± 0.52 at final follow-up, a significant improvement from pre-operative BCVA. Vision was significantly better in the group with no prior PPV (logMAR 0.54 ± 0.59 vs. 0.21 ± 0.23 at final follow-up, P = 0.026). At final follow-up, 34 (63%) eyes had BCVA of 20/40 or better. The most common complication was cystoid macular edema, attributed to the IS-IOL in 13 (21.4%) eyes, 11 (68.6%) of which resolved or improved.

Conclusions:

The management of posterior chamber IOL subluxations with PPV and iris suturing of the subluxated IOL is a safe technique that provides excellent long-term visual outcomes.
Role of Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in Existing and Upcoming Interventions for Mental Health Professionals: A Literature Review
Authors: Malik Lipika
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Mental health professionals face several difficulties, particularly in the form of burnout and compassion fatigue (CF). The rate of burnout and CF is on the rise with changing times. Providing mental health services while being burnout or going through CF can be challenging. Therefore, there is a need to explore existing interventions for mental health professionals. This article aims to explore burnout and CF in relation to existing interventions for mental health professionals and highlight implications for further interventions. Recently, mindfulness interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, mindfulness self-compassion training, and interpersonal mindfulness program have been studied as a potential intervention for mental health professionals. Another recent intervention called as compassion-focused therapy is on the rise, and the article will research its efficacy in use with mental health professionals. The present article has implications in the field of positive psychology, clinical psychology, and health psychology.
Effect of Yoga on Psychological and Emotion Regulation among Women Prisoners: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sathiyavathi G. , Swathi Paetaehalli Shivappa , Bhavana Mandara , Ritesh Chandrashekhar , Saoji Apar Avinash
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Given the stress of imprisonment and isolation from families, the women prisoners are subjected to increased anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation. Due to these negative outcomes, it is imperative to find efficient nonpharmacological interventions. Yoga improves mental health in both correctional settings and the general population. Studies conducted on the mental health of female prison inmates are scarce.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was used and instigated on 76 women prisoners with moderate-to-severe stress levels, randomly allocated into Group 1 (n = 36) and Group 2 (n = 40). Group 1 was taught with 90 min of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy and Group 2 was taught with 90 min of free choice physical exercise for 15 days. Assessments were taken before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the baseline differences.

Results:

Significant difference in effect was found between the groups in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), emotion regulation questionnaire, and positive and negative affect questionnaire schedule (PANAS). Within group analysis demonstrated improved scores in all psychological constructs in the yoga group. Although some constructs also shown significant changes in the control group, the effect size was less when compared to the yoga group.

Conclusion:

Yoga can be administered in the prison setting daily to maintain the mental health of the women prisoners.
Impact of Gayatri Sadhana Camp on Stress and Well-being Parameters: A Mixed-method Study
Authors: Sharma Nitesh , Kumar Jyoti , Patel Viralkumar , Garg Rahul
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Meditation using mantras is widely practiced in India and the world. Among the ancient Vedic mantras, the Gayatri Mantra (GM) holds profound significance. Despite its importance, limited scientific studies explore its effects. However, the research on the comprehensive effect of GM sadhana, including its components as explained in the traditional text, has been underexplored. Therefore, this study explores the effect of GM-based practices in a camp on the stress and well-being indicators of individuals by employing a mixed-method study design.

Methodology:

The study involved 32 participants (18 males, 14 females; mean age = 50.44 years) attending a residential camp of Gayatri Sadhana. Psychological assessments were conducted using the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, Scale of General Well-Being, Peace of Mind Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale, at the beginning and end of the camp. In addition, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interview schedules to understand the participant’s experiences with the Gayatri Sadhana program.

Results::

Result showed a significant improvement in positive affect, general well-being, peace of mind, and a significant reduction in stress and negative affect among all participants (P < 0.01). The qualitative interview responses revealed mental health benefits across various domains. The findings from the standard questionnaire strongly correlated with the qualitative responses from the interview schedule.

Conclusion:

Gayatri Sadhana appears to possess the potential to alleviate stress and enhance the general well-being of individuals. This study sheds light on the benefits of this ancient mantra-based practice and suggests its relevance in promoting overall well-being.
Sudarshan Kriya Yoga and its Effects on Sleep: A Systematic Review of a Breathing Technique for Sleep Improvement
Authors: Castro Paulo B. , Kowdley Hrday G. , Joyner Robert L. , Kowdley Gopal C.
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

This systematic review of the literature examines the published data on Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) and its effects on sleep.

Aims:

SKY is a rhythmic breathing technique consisting of four stages of breathing and takes approximately 30 min to complete. SKY has shown beneficial effects in anxiety reduction, well-being, stress reduction, and sleep. We performed a systematic review looking for evidence of SKY’s effectivity on sleep quality.

Methods:

The review procedure followed the PRISMA methodology. Articles included in this review were identified using PubMed, Cochrane Review, and expert recommendation. The search terms used were SKY, Sudarshan Kriya, sleep, breathing, and meditation. Inclusion criteria required the article to use SKY with sleep as a measured outcome. Patients with psychiatric disorders were excluded. Nine articles were agreed upon by all authors for inclusion.

Results:

All nine studies showed some beneficial effects of SKY on sleep; however, return to baseline sleep patterns was noted in two of the studies. Sleep quality improved with the regular and more frequent practice of SKY in a cross-sectional study.

Conclusions:

SKY shows beneficial effects on sleep for participants who learn the technique. A strong recommendation is difficult to offer based on the small nature of the trials, lack of systematic controls, and some trials showing a return to baseline sleep quality, after a latent period. Further, investigation through controlled and prospective studies specifically designed to measure sleep quality with this technique is needed.
The Double Trouble Monster – Unmasking Hidden Tuberculosis in Silicosis Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Shankar S. Gowri , Kumar D. Suresh
Published: January 2024

Tuberculosis occurs commonly in silicosis and is difficult to diagnose. We are presenting four cases of silicotuberculosis. The first three cases of silicotuberculosis have occupational risk factors such as borewell driller, construction sites, and quarry presented with silicotuberculosis clinic radiological features with negative sputum acid-fast bacilli and positive results for tuberculosis obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The last case developed silicosis due to inhalational burned sugarcane crops. Antituberculosis therapy started after microbiological confirmation for tuberculosis. Hence, a vigorous search of tuberculosis in silicosis patients is highly warranted.
Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma in Two Male Patients
Authors: Rajeev Vyshnavi , Ramakrishnan Gayathri Anur , Srinivasan Sankar
Published: January 2024

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma with female predominance. Lymphomas are divided into Hodgkin’s lymphoma (accounts for 10% of all lymphomas) and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. Pulmonologist often comes across lymphoma which can present as a mediastinal mass. PMBCL is an example of such a condition which represents 2%–3% of nonHodgkin lymphoma cases. This case report is about two male patients with PMBCL who presented with mediastinal mass, which was diagnosed by histopathological examination.
Frequency and prescription patterns of laboratory investigations in evaluating physical morbidity among psychiatric inpatients – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pushpalal Gargi , Balasundaram Sivaprakash , Subramanian Karthick , Hanifah Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Background:

Comorbid physical illnesses worsen the morbidity and mortality in patients with mental illness. There is inadequate consensus regarding the optimal level of laboratory investigations and there is a need to know regarding the assessment of physical morbidity. Our study was conducted to study the frequency of prescription of laboratory investigation in evaluating psychiatric inpatients in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the inpatient psychiatry unit of a tertiary care hospital for one and a half years. Patients diagnosed with any mental illness and required hospitalization were included in the study. Sociodemographic data, illness details, and data regarding frequency and indications of laboratory investigations were recorded using a semistructured pro forma. For inferential analysis, P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

One hundred and sixty-two participants were included in the study. “Endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic diseases” were the most common preexisting and newly diagnosed group of physical illness. A total of 705 additional tests were ordered for the study sample. Blood biochemistry was the most frequently ordered investigation. The most frequent blood biochemistry test, hematological test, and imaging were the estimation of glycemic indices, complete blood count, and ultrasound abdomen, respectively. One in two additional laboratory tests had abnormal or out-of-reference range (ORR) values in the results. Hematological tests were the most common, with abnormal or ORR values, followed by imaging and blood biochemistry. Clinician judgment was the most frequent reason for ordering an additional investigation.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that age, gender, the type of psychiatric illness, and the illness course-related characteristics significantly influenced the prescribing frequency of additional investigations and the proportion of abnormal/outside reference range results.
Inclusion of systems-based practice in medical education: Is it a necessity?
Authors: Manjareeka Magna
Published: January 2024

Systems-based practice (SBP) is a core competency that concentrates on the foundation of health care in good medical practice. It is to be aware of the systems in which we work and to make sure to achieve the maximum outcome response in our work by remaining in the system. Compared to medical schools, fellowship programs are active in developing and evaluating SBP curricula. The Graduate Medical Education Regulation-2019 describes competency-based learning which includes designing and implementing a medical education curriculum that focuses on the desired and observable ability in real-life situations. For achieving good patient care, good medical practice is a requirement. For attaining optimal medical practice, it is important to understand how one functions within the system as a whole and how one’s actions affect all other aspects of the system. The graduating residents immediately start participating in the health-care system as a whole. Therefore, residents must be aware of the health-care systems in which they have to operate and also have the ability to provide high-quality, cost-effective medical care to the patients with the available resources. These residents should have enough exposure to SBP to efficiently work in a team. Competency-based medical education should include SBP as a competency where doctors would understand what is happening to the health-care system in which they practice, why the system is changing so rapidly, and what they can do about it.
Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia
Authors: Kala Nitya , Prasad Harikrishnan
Published: January 2024

Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) is a poorly understood entity and is probably a misnomer too. Although this lesion is thought to be predominantly found in young children, a significant number of cases have also been reported in adults. A 41-year-old female patient presented with an erythematous, velvety-appearing gingival mass in the mandibular anterior region. The lesion was recurrent in nature, although it was asymptomatic. A diagnosis of LJSGH was made after correlating the clinical and histopathological features. A literature search revealed that a large number of cases have been reported in adults, some as old as 87 years old. There seems to be no gender predilection, and the lesion is frequently noticed in relation to maxillary anterior gingiva. Recurrence is a characteristic feature of this lesion, although its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood till date. Since it has a unique behavior in terms of high recurrences, dentists and periodontists need to be made aware about spongiotic gingival hyperplasia since the lesion may be mistaken for common reactive lesions.
Comparative analysis of platelet-rich fibrin membrane and 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel on healing following gingival depigmentation procedure
Authors: Kale Aishwarya Madhukar , Sethi Kunal S. , Mahale Swapna A. , Karde Prerna A. , Kale Lata Madhukar , Choudhary Sneha H.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) accelerates wound healing by promoting faster cicatricial tissue remodeling and excellent neovascularization. Hyaluronic acid (HA) being biocompatible, anti-inflammatory, and proangiogenic leads to improvement in the rate of wound healing.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of PRF membrane and 0.2% HA gel on wounds after gingival depigmentation surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This study was carried out on 30 systemically healthy individuals recruited from the pool of patients who visited the department of periodontology. After depigmentation procedure in every patient, the sites were divided into three even groups. Group A received PRF membrane and periodontal dressing, Group B received 0.2% HA gel application and periodontal dressing, and Group C served as a control group in which only periodontal dressing was placed. The individuals were evaluated for the healing index (HI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) on the 3rd and 5th day. Epithelialization test (ET) was performed on the 5th day. Gingival biotype was reassessed and compared to preoperative value after 3 months. The clinical trial was expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation. Intra-group comparison and inter-group comparison were done through the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test. All statistical tests were performed through SPSS version 25.0 (IBM).

Results:

The inter-group statistical analysis concerning NRS, HI, and ET showed statistically significant results in Groups A and B compared to Group C (P < 0.05), while gingival biotype showed statistically significant results in Group A compared to Groups B and C.

Conclusion:

The use of PRF membrane and HA gel to protect the raw wound site of depigmented gingiva proved to be an effective approach, resulting in faster healing.
Evaluation and comparison of three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress distribution in immediately placed and loaded conventional and customized three-dimensional printed dental implants
Authors: Saini Priya , Grover Vishakha , Sood Shaveta , Jain Ashish , Kalra Parveen
Published: January 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the stress distribution patterns in immediately placed and loaded conventional and customized three-dimensional (3D) printed dental implants by 3D finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve 3D finite element models [Group A-3 models; Group B-9 models] with 72 test conditions which were modeled and compared from customized 3D printed dental implants [Group A] and 3 commercially available implant systems [Group B] (Straumann, Ankylos, and Astratech) using “SolidWorks”. All models were embedded in extraction socket models of the maxillary central incisor (CI) and Canine (C), Mandibular 1st Premolar. An occlusal loading by axial and nonaxial force of 100 N and 150 N at 30° and 45° was applied on the abutment using the “ANSYS” Suite. Customized 3D printed dental implant (Group A) for maxilla (Max.) CI, Max. C, and mandibular 1st premolar (PM) socket model was compared with three commercial available dental implant systems (Group B) for Max. CI, Max. C, and mandible (Mand.) 1st PM socket model to understand the stress distribution patterns.

Results:

With increasing oblique loads, von Mises stresses were reduced for the customized group as compared to conventional implants. Increased axial loads caused proportionate increase in the stresses for both groups, yet remained under the physiologic limits in all test conditions. Higher stresses were observed in cortical bone than in cancellous bone at bone–implant contact in general. Marked reduction in von Mises stress was observed at the boundary between compact and cancellous bone. Customized 3D printed implants performed better for oblique loads and comparable for axial load stress distribution in comparison to conventional implant systems in Max. CI and C, Mand. 1st PM.

Conclusion:

Thus, customized 3D printed implants appear a promising alternative for immediately placed immediately loaded protocols, with additional benefits in specific clinical situations.
The Patterns of Persistence and Recurrence Following Parathyroidectomy for Renal Hyperparathyroidism: A 10-year Review
Authors: Wu Si-Yuan , Chiu Yu-Cheng , Hsu Shun-Neng , Yu Fu-Chiu , Lin Shih-Hua , Shih Ming-Lang
Published: January 2024

Background:

Renal hyperparathyroidism can be effectively treated with parathyroidectomy. However, managing persistence or recurrence after the initial surgery is still challenging. Understanding the anatomical patterns observed in reoperative parathyroidectomies can help localize the disease during initial and subsequent surgeries.

Aim:

This study aimed to identify the patterns of persistence and recurrence following parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism and assess the performance of various localization studies.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on dialysis patients who underwent reoperative parathyroidectomy at a single center. Patient demographics, laboratory test results, localization study findings, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were obtained through the chart reviews. Persistence was defined as an intact parathyroid hormone level >300 pg/mL within 6 months after the primary surgery; otherwise, recurrence was defined as > 6 months.

Results:

Among 377 patients who underwent parathyroidectomies, 20 (5.3%) required reoperations. Supernumerary glands were the primary cause of persistence (70%) and recurrence (50%), predominantly located posteriorly within the tracheoesophageal groove. Besides, overgrowth of the forearm graft accounted for 30% of recurrences. Neck ultrasound (US) showed 6 out of 19 false negatives (68% sensitivity and 100% specificity), whereas 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) had one false negative (95% sensitivity and 100% specificity). CT scans accurately localized the disease in cases where US and sestamibi scintigraphy yielded discordant results.

Conclusion:

Supernumerary glands frequently contribute to the persistence and recurrence of renal hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. In the reoperative context, sestamibi SPECT/CT and CT scans detect affected parathyroid tissue in the neck and mediastinum more effectively than neck USs.
Predictive value of machine learning models for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer: A two-center study
Authors: Lu Tong , Lu Miao , Wu Dong , Ding Yuan-Yuan , Liu Hao-Nan , Li Tao-Tao , Song Da-Qing
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system, ranking sixth in incidence and fourth in mortality worldwide. Since 42.5% of metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer belong to nodule type and peripheral type, the application of imaging diagnosis is restricted.

AIM

To establish models for predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients using machine learning (ML) algorithms and to evaluate their predictive performance in clinical practice.

METHODS

Data of a total of 369 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) from March 2016 to November 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed as the training group. In addition, data of 123 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of Jining First People’s Hospital (Jining, China) were collected and analyzed as the verification group. Seven ML models, including decision tree, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine, naive Bayes, neural network, and logistic regression, were developed to evaluate the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. The ML models were established following ten cross-validation iterations using the training dataset, and subsequently, each model was assessed using the test dataset. The models’ performance was evaluated by comparing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of each model.

RESULTS

Among the seven ML models, except for SVM, the other ones exhibited higher accuracy and reliability, and the influences of various risk factors on the models are intuitive.

CONCLUSION

The ML models developed exhibit strong predictive capabilities for lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer, which can aid in personalized clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Ezumezu logical system as a sceptical trend in contemporary African philosophy
Authors: Maduka Enyimba
Published: January 2024

My aim in this paper is to tease out the sceptical dimension of Ezumezu logic, which is the logic that grounds the method of conversational thinking. I engage with the question of the place of scepticism in African philosophy and show that Ezumezu logic is a sceptical trend in contemporary African philosophy. I argue that the nature of the basic principles and concepts, such as arumaristics, thesis of regimented ontology, benoke point, tension of incommensurables, disjunctive-conjuctive motion, and methodological anarchy, that constitute a major part of Ezumezu logical system point to the need for continuous inquiry while suspending judgement, thereby encouraging the production of new thoughts. I demonstrate that this suspension of judgment is a basic tenet of scepticism.
The lived psychological experiences of the youth resulting from the use nyaope drug in Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mamukeyani Eric , Mashamba Takalani Joyce , Onya Hans
Published: January 2024

Substance abuse among the youth is emerging as one of the gravest social and Public Health global concerns. This paper aims to share the psychological experiences of the youth who used a newly invented local drug called nyaope in rural communities, Limpopo province, South Africa. A qualitative study, using focus group discussion was conducted among nyaope users between 18-35 years. Thematic data analysis was applied to develop themes, sub-themes, and categories. Findings indicated that nyaope users encountered devastating psychological experiences such as; self-blame, stress, mental relaxation, drug dependency, and addiction. Furthermore, the life of nyaope users seem to revolve around acquiring more nyaope than seeking rehabilitative interventions to counteract the addiction. The Ubuntu theory was used to guide intervention in combating the nyaope problem. It is essential to recruit, train and capacitate more social workers and social auxiliary workers who would specialize in substance abuse services and prevention programmes. There should also be more rehabilitation centres to curb the growing number of drug addicts in the local communities as well as increased funding for non-government organizations that render substance abuse prevention services.

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Mamukeyani, E., Mashamba, T. J. & Onya, H. (2023). The lived psychological experiences of the youth resulting from the use nyaope drug in Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.  African Journal of Social Work, 13(3), 147-154. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i3.3

Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Effets du mode d’application d’engrais phosphatés (CBKCa et TSP) sur la productivité du mil (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) au centre ouest du Burkina Faso
Authors: Nignan Iliassou , Ouedraogo Jean , Nakamura Satoshi , Serme Idriss , Coulibaly Kalifa
Published: January 2024

La distance d’application des phosphatés pourrait influencer la réponse des cultures à la fertilisation phosphatée due à la faible mobilité du phosphore. Ainsi, une étude a été conduite en 2021 et 2022 à Saria, pour évaluer l’effet de la distance d’application de deux engrais phosphatés sur la productivité du mil. Se sont le Burkina Phosphate calciné enrichi en calcium (CBKCa) et triple super phosphate (TSP). Pour ce faire, un dispositif factoriel avec quatre répétitions a été installé. Les phosphates ont été appliquées sur les parcelles principales à trois distances d’application (0 ; 5 et 10 cm du collet du mil), sur les parcelles secondaires. 23 kg P2O5.ha-1 de ces engrais a été appliqués en combinaison avec du NKSB (37-14-6-1). Les résultats ont montré que quelle que soit l’année et indépendamment de la distance, le CBKCa et le TSP ont enregistré des valeurs moyennes identiques concernant les paramètres de croissance et la production de biomasse. L’application des phosphates, à 5 cm, a entraîné une augmentation significative du rendement en grain de 42% et 35% en 2021 par rapport à l’apport à 10 et 0 cm. En 2022, ces augmentations étaient de 111% et 33%. L’application de CBKCa à 5 cm pourrait être recommandée.

The distance of application of phosphates could influence the response of crops to phosphate fertilization due to the low mobility of phosphorus. Thus, a study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 in Saria, to evaluate the effect of the distance of application of two phosphate fertilizers on millet productivity. These are Burkina Calcined Phosphate enriched with calcium (CBKCa) and triple super phosphate (TSP). To do this, a factorial design with four repetitions was installed. The phosphates were applied to the main plots at three application distances (0, 5 and 10 cm from the millet collar), to the secondary plots. 23 kg P2O5.ha-1 of these fertilizers was applied in combination with NKSB (37-14-6-1). The results showed that whatever the year and independently of the distance, CBKCa and TSP recorded identical average values regarding growth parameters and biomass production. The application of phosphates, at 5 cm, led to a significant increase in grain yield of 42% and 35% in 2021 compared to the application at 10 and 0 cm. In 2022, these increases were 111% and 33%. Application of CBKCa at 5 cm could be recommended.
Functional Feeding Groups responses of temporary ponds macroinvertebrates in Natiokobadara dam lake area (North of Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Yapo Laurince Michel , Kra Mathieu Kobenan , Simmou Junior Yomi , Diomande Dramane
Published: January 2024

Temporary ponds are small, shallow bodies of water, rich in biodiversity, but most often neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate the Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) responses of the macrofauna of three ponds in Natiokobadara dam lake. On each pond, a three month samplings of macroinvertebrates from January to March 2022 using a kick-net was carried out. Similarly, on each pond and during each campaign, measurements of environmental variables were carried out either in situ or in the laboratory. A total of 64 taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates belonging to 33 families, 11 orders and 04 classes were recorded. Insects were the most diversified, accounting for 79.68% of the taxonomic richness. Five major FFGs were identified in this study: predators, scrapers, shredders, gatherers-collectors and filter-collectors, with predators dominating, followed by gatherers-collectors. The P/R ratio indicated that all three ponds were heterotrophic. The predator top-down ratio revealed an overabundance of predators. Only the riparian zones of pond P1 were functional. The Focused Principal Component Analysis found a correlation between low pH values and the abundance of predators and scrapers. There was also a correlation between high nitrate levels and gatherers-collectors abundance. The FFGs and aquatic macroinvertebrate attributes used to describe the state of these ponds revealed that they were highly disturbed.