bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Effects of Brief Mindfulness on Psychophysiological Responses and Performance in Self-Competitive Tasks
Authors: SanMiguel Noemí , Laina-Vázquez Eva , Abad-Tortosa Diana , Serrano Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2024

Mindfulness practice has been recognized as an effective method for reducing stress, enhancing self-awareness, and improving overall well-being, influencing various cognitive processes such as attention and self-control. While extensive research has focused on long-term mindfulness programs, recent years have seen the emergence of brief mindfulness practices. This study aims to investigate the effects of brief mindfulness on electrophysiological responses, and performance in a self-competitive context. A total of 52 participants were divided into two groups for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: a brief mindfulness practice (n = 29) or a control intervention (n = 23), each lasting 10 min. Initially, participants completed a cognitive task (Tower of Hanoi—ToH), followed by their respective intervention. Participants then performed the ToH task again, with encouragement to exceed their previous performance. Measures were taken for performance metrics and psychophysiological responses—including electrodermal response (EDA) and cardiovascular parameters. The results indicated that a brief mindfulness significantly enhanced performance (p < 0.05), increased self-efficacy (including self-confidence and perceived task importance) prior to the ToH task, and reduced the perceived difficulty of the task upon completion. Moreover, an increase in EDA was found in the brief mindfulness group. However, no significant changes in the measured cardiovascular responses were observed. These findings suggest that brief mindfulness can effectively improve cognitive task performance by enhancing self-efficacy and reshaping task perception.
Magnetic Non-Destructive Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures—Methodology, System, and Identification Results
Authors: Frankowski Paweł Karol , Majzner Piotr , Mąka Marcin , Stawicki Tomasz , Chady Tomasz
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to present a non-destructive magnetic method developed for simultaneously identifying key parameters in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This method is designed to evaluate concrete structures containing dense reinforcement meshes. The development process of the system is presented step by step. First, the hardware layer of the system is discussed and documented. The proposed modifications to the excitation system enhanced the method’s effectiveness compared to the conventional Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique. Next, this paper presents the extracted association rules that connect the parameters of the RC structure to the properties of resultant waveforms. The relations are verified with measurement results. Finally, the identification of the model’s design, implementation, and deployment processes are presented. A universal methodology for non-destructive testing investigations was developed and is described throughout the research.
The Effect of Occupancy and Environmental Physical Variables on Classrooms’ Natural Ventilation: A Path Modeling Approach
Authors: Duarte Rogério , Moret Rodrigues António , Pimentel Fernando , Gomes Maria da Glória
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we use a path model to study natural ventilation in classrooms and research the link between air change rate, occupancy, and both outdoor and indoor physical variables. In general, the path model is derived from the building physics and occupant behavioral considerations via structural equation modeling (SEM), and allows for the use of continuous observable and unobservable factors. The latter are often employed in behavioral and social sciences to represent personal and group attributes. The path model is validated with data gathered during two consecutive academic years from four classrooms of a Portuguese school. The results confirm indoor and outdoor air temperature as major drivers of classroom ventilation, with standardized total path coefficients of approximately 0.55. Solar energy, precipitation, and occupancy are also significant drivers of classroom ventilation, with standardized total path coefficients of 0.24, −0.18, and 0.17, respectively. These results contribute to our understanding of the relative importance of occupancy as well as to identifying the most relevant environmental determinants of natural classroom ventilation. In spite of the statistical significance of the path model as a whole and its detailed causal relationships (direct, indirect, and feedback), only 58% of classroom ventilation variance is explained by the selected input variables. Because naturally ventilated classrooms depend significantly on occupants’ interactions with the built environment, i.e., opening/closing windows and blinds, extending path modeling to include additional personal and context-related drivers of occupants’ behavior would allow for further insights into the complex multi-domain topic of natural classroom ventilation.
Enhancing Efficiency in Hybrid Solar–Wind–Battery Systems Using an Adaptive MPPT Controller Based on Shadow Motion Prediction
Authors: Gharahbagh Abdorreza Alavi , Hajihashemi Vahid , Salehi Nasrin , Moradi Mahyar , Machado José J. M. , Tavares João Manuel R. S.
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy sources are particularly significant in global energy production, with wind and solar being the most prevalent sources. Managing the simultaneous connection of wind and solar energy generators to the smart grid as distributed generators involves complex control and stabilization due to their inherent uncertainties, making their management more intricate than traditional power plants. This study focuses on enhancing the speed and efficiency of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system in a solar power plant. A hybrid network is modeled, comprising a wind turbine with a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), a solar power plant with photovoltaic (PV) cells, an MPPT system, a Z-source converter, and a storage system. The proposed approach employs a motion detection-based method, utilizing image-processing techniques to optimize the MPPT of PV cells based on shadow movement patterns within the solar power plant area. This method significantly reduces the time required to reach the maximum power point (MPP), lowers the computational load of the control system by predicting shadow movements, and enhances the MPPT speed while maintaining system stability. The approach, which is suitable for relatively large solar farms, is implemented without the need for any additional sensors and relies on the system’s history. The simulation results show that the proposed approach improves the MPPT system’s efficiency and reduces the pressure on the control circuits by more than 70% in a 150,000 m2 solar farm under shaded conditions.
A Study on the Feasibility of Natural Frequency-Based Crack Detection
Authors: Sun Xutao , Ilanko Sinniah , Mochida Yusuke , Tighe Rachael C.
Published: December 2024

Owing to the long-standing statement that natural frequency-based crack detection is not sensitive enough to localised damage to identify small cracks, many natural frequency-based crack detection methods are validated by detecting cracks of moderate size. However, a direct comparison between the crack severity causing a measurable natural frequency change and the crack severity reaching the initiation of crack propagation or leading to brittle fracture is constantly ignored. Without this understanding, it is debatable whether the presented crack detection methods are feasible in practical situations. Through natural frequency calculation and linear elastic fracture mechanics, this study is dedicated to filling the above gap in knowledge. To directly utilize the solution of stress intensity factor, common fracture toughness test specimens featuring a single-edge crack are used. These specimens are essentially cracked rectangular plates under uniform uniaxial tension. Considering the stress resultants obtained via the extended finite element method, the natural frequency of the loaded cracked plates is calculated using the Rayleigh–Ritz method incorporating corner functions. In addition, assuming the specimens as structural components under remote uniform tension, the development of critical load versus crack length is derived based on the solution of the stress intensity factor. Thus, critical crack lengths corresponding to a series of safety factors are obtained by equating service load with critical load. After obtaining natural frequencies of the cracked plates with critical crack lengths, the natural frequency drop caused by a critical crack can be computed. Hence, the critical crack length can be compared with the crack length when the frequency drop is measurable. It is found that the brittleness of the employed metals plays a vital role in the feasibility of natural frequency-based crack detection.
Change of Lip Curvature Through Extraction and Non-Extraction Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Kim Boosung , Kim Young Ho , Lee Soo Min , Baik Un-Bong , Ahn Janghoon , Shin Jeong Won , Chae Hwa Sung
Published: December 2024

Backgroud: Orthodontic treatment plans face challenges when deciding on tooth extraction, particularly when the retraction of incisors leads to a flattening of the lip curvature. Despite the significance of this issue, quantitative measurements of curvature have not been previously undertaken. This study presents novel soft tissue measurements, namely SAL (A’toSn-Ls) depth, SAL angle, PBL (B’toLi-Pg) depth, and angle, as tools for assessing lip curvature. The aim of this study was to assess whether new parameters demonstrated more pronounced flattening of the upper and lower lips in the extraction group compared to the non-extraction group. Methods: A total of sixty-two patients diagnosed with skeletal Class I malocclusion and treated with extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment were included and compared. Cephalometric measurements were analyzed and compared between the initial and final stages of treatment. Results: The difference in SAL (1.99°) and PBL (4.41°) angles and other soft tissue measurements between the groups was not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis yielded the equation: ΔSAL = 0.66ΔU1 tip – 0.98ΔL1 tip – 1.58. Conclusions: Flattening of the upper lip was not significantly displayed on moderate anchorage. Consequently, orthodontic treatment accompanying the retraction of the upper incisors does not always result in obtuse lip profiles.
Anti-Allergic Effects of Lonicera caerulea L. Extract and Cyanidin-3-Glucoside on Degranulation and FcεRI Signaling Pathway of RBL-2H3 Cells
Authors: Choi Ye-Eun , Yang Jung-Mo , Jeong Chae-Won , Park Sung-Hwan , Yoo Hee-Won , Jo Hyun-Duck , Cho Ju-Hyun
Published: December 2024

(i) Background: The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases highlights the need for effective treatments. Lonicera caerulea fruit has been recognized for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects, but the mechanisms underlying its anti-allergic properties remain unclear. (ii) Objective: This study aims to evaluate the total phenolic, total flavonoid, and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) contents of Lonicera caerulea extract (HR2302-30E) and to investigate its antioxidant and anti-allergic activities. (iii) Methods: Using an IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cell model, we assessed the effects of HR2302-30E and C3G on mast cell degranulation, β-hexosaminidase and histamine release. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)β/γ and the phosphorylation of Src family kinases (Syk, Fyn). We also examined the phosphorylation of downstream factors phospholipase Cγ, protein kinase Cδ, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. (iv) Results: Total phenolic, flavonoid, and C3G contents of HR2302-30E were 18.73 mg GAE/g, 11.83 mg QE/g, and 7.02 mg/g, respectively. In IgE-activated mast cells, HR2302-30E and C3G inhibited β-hexosaminidase and histamine release. Western blot analysis revealed reduced expression of FcεRIβ/γ and decreased phosphorylation of key downstream signaling molecules. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HR2302-30E and C3G modulate FcεRI signaling, indicating their potential as natural anti-allergic agents.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Flat Approach Slab–Soil Interaction in Jointless Bridge
Authors: Tang Yufeng , Briseghella Bruno , Xue Junqing , Nuti Camillo , Huang Fuyun
Published: December 2024

In jointless bridges, a grade flat approach slab (GFAS) with the same elevation as the pavement can transfer the girder’s longitudinal deformation to the backfill. However, any cracks and settlement of the pavement usually occur at the end of the GFAS. To address this shortcoming, the buried flat approach slab (BFAS) horizontally embedded at a depth in the backfill was proposed. The complicated flat approach slab–soil interaction (FASSI) of the BFAS has not been systemically investigated. To address this gap, the influence of the FASSI on the mechanical performance of the approach slab and the backfill deformation was investigated in this research to understand the mechanism of the FASSI in absorbing one part of the girder’s longitudinal deformation and transferring the rest to the soil. Experimental tests on the FASSI with different embedded depths under longitudinal displacements were conducted. Numerical parametric analyses were carried out by considering the embedded depths and slab lengths as the parameters based on a finite element model verified using the test results. The results show that load–displacement curves of the FASSI comprise three stages: the elastic stage (approach slab’s displacement was absorbed by sand), the elastoplastic stage (sand deformation was observed), and the failure stage (overall shear failure of the sand was found). The longitudinal displacement transfer mode and vertical deformation distribution mode of the sand were affected by the embedded depth and slab length. With an increase in the embedded depth or a decrease in the slab length, the sand deformation decreases, which is beneficial for avoiding pavement crack risks and improving the pavement evenness. Finally, a simplified calculation formula that can be used to predict the load–displacement curves of the FASSI was proposed. This research provides the theoretical basis for the design and construction of the flat approach slab in jointless bridges.
Analytical, Numerical, and Experimental Studies of the Working Process in a Pneumatic Abrasive Installation
Authors: Baha Vadym , Piteľ Ján , Pavlenko Ivan
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of numerical and experimental studies of a working nozzle for jet-abrasive machining of material surfaces. Nozzle designs with variable geometry were investigated. The aim of the study was to identify reserves for increasing the efficiency of the nozzle to ensure the energy efficiency of the jet-abrasive installation for sustainable production in the context of Industry 5.0. The implementation of numerical modeling made it possible to carry out a series of calculations for the considered nozzle designs using an air-abrasive mixture with flow visualization. The technological parameters of jet-abrasive machining were analyzed. A series of numerical and experimental studies were conducted using the principles of Industry 4.0. Two software packages were used for numerical studies. The results of the calculations that were obtained coincided quite well. Overall, the obtained results made it possible to adjust the settings of the pneumo-abrasive unit in order to get the proper roughness of the processed surface, opt for proper working nozzle design, and determine proper pressure and air consumption for the highest unit efficiency. In a series of studies, the authors proposed a mathematical model for determining the values of mass flow rates of the working medium in the nozzle. The analytical coefficients of the developed model have been obtained. In addition, an approach to determining the main parameters of abrasive blasting based on experimental data was developed. The results obtained were verified by comparing them with the results of experimental studies. It was found that to increase the efficiency of the Venturi nozzle, the outlet cross-section of the considered nozzles should be reduced, and the mass flow rate of the dispersed phase should not significantly affect the speed of the grains of sand at the nozzle outlet.
Use of Mineral Waste for the Production of Artificial Aggregates
Authors: Nowińska Katarzyna , Grzesik Bartłomiej , Kokowska-Pawłowska Magdalena , Nowak Jacek
Published: December 2024

Mineral waste represents the largest group of industrial waste, which constitutes a serious environmental and economic problem. This paper presents the phase and chemical susceptibility to leaching of coal mining wastes, steel and iron production slags, and non-ferrous metallurgical slags. These wastes, because of their properties, are used for the production of artificial aggregates. A detailed description of the slags’ properties (chemical and phase composition, technical characteristics, and releasability of constituents to the aquatic and soil environment) allows applications for such waste to be sought, which is beneficial for environmental and economic reasons. Coal mining wastes, slags from iron and steel production, and non-ferrous metallurgical slags are characterized by a variable chemical and phase composition, dominated by components with a relatively low degree of leaching, i.e., silicates, carbonates, sulphates, and intermetallic compounds. Therefore, these wastes are widely used for the production of artificial aggregates, perfectly meeting the requirements of the circular economy policy.
Machine Learning Methods in Student Mental Health Research: An Ethics-Centered Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Drira Mohamed , Ben Hassine Sana , Zhang Michael , Smith Steven
Published: December 2024

This study conducts an ethics-centered analysis of the AI/ML models used in Student Mental Health (SMH) research, considering the ethical principles of fairness, privacy, transparency, and interpretability. First, this paper surveys the AI/ML methods used in the extant SMH literature published between 2015 and 2024, as well as the main health outcomes, to inform future work in the SMH field. Then, it leverages advanced topic modeling techniques to depict the prevailing themes in the corpus. Finally, this study proposes novel measurable privacy, transparency (reporting and replicability), interpretability, and fairness metrics scores as a multi-dimensional integrative framework to evaluate the extent of ethics awareness and consideration in AI/ML-enabled SMH research. Findings show that (i) 65% of the surveyed papers disregard the privacy principle; (ii) 59% of the studies use black-box models resulting in low interpretability scores; and (iii) barely 18% of the papers provide demographic information about participants, indicating a limited consideration of the fairness principle. Nonetheless, the transparency principle is implemented at a satisfactory level with mean reporting and replicability scores of 80%. Overall, our results suggest a significant lack of awareness and consideration for the ethical principles of privacy, fairness, and interpretability in AI/ML-enabled SMH research. As AI/ML continues to expand in SMH, incorporating ethical considerations at every stage—from design to dissemination—is essential for producing ethically responsible and reliable research.
High-Temperature Tensile Properties and Serrated Flow Behavior of FeCrAl Alloy for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Cladding
Authors: Chai Mengyu , Han Zelin , Su Hao , Li Hao , Liu Pan , Song Yan
Published: December 2024

The development of FeCrAl alloys has commenced for use as nuclear fuel cladding material, intended to serve as an enhanced accident-tolerant alternative to Zr-based alloys. In this study, the Fe-13Cr-4Al alloy, specifically designed for advanced accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding, was carefully prepared through vacuum induction melting and hot-working processes. Mechanical properties and serrated flow behavior of this alloy were investigated through tensile tests at temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C. Intriguingly, serrations emerged within a specific temperature range, accompanied by unique mechanical behavior characteristics indicative of dynamic strain aging (DSA). Additionally, the alloy’s fracture modes showed a transition from a mix of ductile and cleavage fracture features to fully ductile fracture as the temperature increased. This study offers insights into the mechanical properties and serration behaviors of FeCrAl alloys, highlighting their potential for use in nuclear fuel cladding.
Parametric Analysis for 3D Modeling of Consolidation-Induced Solute Transport Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Wang Bolin , Jeng Dong-Sheng
Published: December 2024

Most previous investigations for consolidation-induced solute transport models have been limited to one-dimensional studies in unsaturated porous media and lack systematic parameter sensitivity analysis. This study addresses these gaps by analyzing the effects of hydraulic conductivity (K), shear modulus (G), saturation (Sr), Poisson’s ratio (ν), partitioning coefficient (Kd), and anisotropy ratio (KxKz and KyKz) on pore water pressure, soil deformation, and solute transport. The findings reveal that higher Kd values significantly hinder solute migration through enhanced adsorption and reduced vertical transport to deeper layers, while increasing anisotropy ratios primarily enhance horizontal migration, with their effects diminishing beyond a threshold. Additionally, a higher K accelerates pressure dissipation and solute movement, while a lower G increases soil deformation and speeds up solute migration. Saturation has a minor effect on solute concentration, with slight increases under higher Sr. The Poisson ratio significantly impacts the transport of the solute, with smaller ν accelerating and larger ν slowing migration. These insights offer valuable theoretical support for optimizing models in unsaturated porous media.
The Forces of the Hyksos and Their Representations: Glimpse of Reality or interpretatio Thebarum?
Authors: Matić Uroš
Published: December 2024

Not much is known about the forces of the Hyksos, 15th Dynasty rulers of the Second Intermediate Period in Egypt. This was a time when Egypt and Nubia were divided between several competing royal houses and corresponding dynasties, e.g., the 14th and 15th Dynasty in Lower Egypt, 16th and 17th Dynasty in Upper Egypt, as well as the Kushite kingdom in Nubia. Loyalty to any of these polities was not based on ethnic identity. Forces of different ethnicities could pledge loyalty to any of the competitors. Bearing in mind the multi-ethnic population on the territory under the Hyksos rule, this article discusses the reality behind ideologically colored Theban representations of the Hyksos forces as consisting solely of foreigners. Starting from the premise that royal artistic production is deeply entangled with power in ancient Egypt, this article analyzes the ways private and royal inscriptions as well as literary and visual representations were employed to construct the cultural memory of the Second Intermediate Period which privileged the experience of Theban victors and degraded the experience of their rivals.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of CO2 and Thermal Comfort Conditions in a Day Care Center
Authors: Luque José María Moral , Jiménez José Luis Sánchez , Ruiz de Adana Manuel
Published: December 2024

Finding the balance between CO2 concentration and thermal comfort is very important during the heating season in a daycare classroom due to the impact it has on children’s health. Air treatment systems together with outdoor hygrothermal conditions are decisive in finding this balance. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact that three air treatment systems, ventilation, conditioning, and air cleaning, have on thermal comfort and CO2 concentration in the two breathing planes defined by the occupants of a daycare classroom. Eight experimental tests were carried out, using different combinations of air systems. Temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration are measured at eight points in the classroom: four in the children’s breathing plane (0.75 m) and the other four in that of an adult (1.7 m). The results show, on the one hand, that the ventilation or conditioning systems improve the indoor CO2 concentration in the two planes, equalizing it in the two planes and, on the other hand, that the sensation of cold is greater in the children’s breathing plane than in the adult’s breathing plane in all the experimental tests studied.
Eggshell Quality Traits and Transcriptome Gene Screening Between Yunnong and Jingfen Chicken Breeds
Authors: Li Zijian , Wu Hao , Fu Jing , Mushtaq Maida , Khan Muhammad , Liu Yong , Azeem Zobia , Shi Hongmei , He Yang , Zhang Ru , Rahman Muhammad Aziz Ur , Kang Jiajia , Ge Changrong , Wang Kun
Published: December 2024

The eggshell quality traits in avian species, including Yunnong chickens (YN), are crucial for commercial and breeding purposes. The use of advanced biotechnologies, such as gene sequencing, has become increasingly common for identifying genetic markers and comparing specific traits in livestock. However, genetic markers related to eggshell traits in YN chickens remain unexplored. This study aimed to compare eggshell quality traits and identify genetic markers in YN chickens versus commercial Jingfen chickens (JF). A total of 400 chicks (200 per breed) were reared for 300 days under controlled conditions. At the end, 60 eggs from each breed were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to examine eggshell cross-sections and mammillary layer structure. Tissue samples from kidneys and eggshell glands were collected from six hens per breed for RT-qPCR analysis to study gene expression profiles. Results showed that YN chickens had significantly higher eggshell strength, thickness, mammillary density, and effective layer thickness than JF chickens (p < 0.01). Despite this, YN chickens had a thinner mammillary layer. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed five candidate genes related to eggshells (LSS, NSDHL, MSMO1, SQLE, and FDFT1) that play an important role in this process. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment in several biological processes, including steroid biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, and thiamine metabolism. Based on these results, the YN chickens have strong eggshells with better thickness, mammillary density, and effective layer thickness. In addition, genomic and pathways analysis suggest a complex interaction of metabolic, immune, and cellular processes potentially influencing eggshell quality traits in poultry.
Deletion of ddx4 Ovary-Specific Transcript Causes Dysfunction of Meiosis and Derepress of DNA Transposons in Zebrafish Ovaries
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Lin Xing , Dai Jing , Bai Yifan , Liu Fei , Luo Daji
Published: December 2024

Alternative splicing of ddx4 (DEAD-box helicase 4), a key germline marker gene, has been reported to generate sex-specific transcripts in zebrafish gonads. The biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of the ddx4 ovary-specific transcript (ddx4-L) during oogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we found that ddx4-L mutants, in which ddx4-L was specifically deleted, had enlarged ovaries but laid fewer eggs, along with having a lower fertilization rate compared to WT controls. RNA-seq analysis was performed to detect the changes in gene expression between WT and ddx4-L mutant ovaries. A total of 524 upregulated and 610 downregulated DEGs were identified. GO and GSEA enrichment analyses showed that genes involved in fertilization and reproduction biological processes were significantly downregulated. More specifically, we observed a remarkable reduction in Sycp1, a core component of synaptonemal complex, in ddx4-L mutant ovaries at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the expressions of transposon elements, as well as the events of alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and RNA editing, were analyzed based on the RNA-seq data. We found that the deletion of ddx4-L resulted in derepression of DNA transposons in zebrafish ovaries, possibly causing genome instability. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the ovary-specific ddx4 transcript plays important roles in oocyte meiosis and DNA transposon repression, which extends our understanding of the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of sex-specific alternative splicing in zebrafish oogenesis and reproduction.
Brain–Periphery Axes: The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles-Delivered miRNAs
Authors: D’Amico Giuseppa , Carista Adelaide , Manna Olga Maria , Paladino Letizia , Picone Domiziana , Sarullo Silvia , Sausa Martina , Cappello Francesco , Vitale Alessandra Maria , Caruso Bavisotto Celeste
Published: December 2024

Bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs and tissue has been widely documented in physiological and pathological conditions. This communication relies on the bilateral transmission of signaling molecules and substances that circulate throughout the body and reach their target site(s) via the blood and other biological fluids (e.g., the cerebrospinal fluid, the lymph). One of the mechanisms by which these molecular messengers are exchanged is through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are known to mediate cell-to-cell communication by delivering biological molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and various other bioactive regulators. Moreover, EVs can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), enabling direct communication between the periphery and the brain. In particular, the delivery of microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate the expression profiles of recipient cells, thereby influencing their functions. This review synthesizes current findings about the brain–periphery cross-talk mediated by EVs-delivered miRNAs. Although this mechanism has been definitively shown in a few cases, much evidence indirectly indicates that it could mediate brain–peripherical organs/tissue communication, especially in pathological conditions. Therefore, understanding this process could provide valuable insights for the treatment and management of neurological and systemic diseases.
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors as a Novel Therapeutic Option Against Fibrotic and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Theodoropoulou Maria A. , Mantzourani Christiana , Kokotos George
Published: December 2024

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play an essential role in the onset and progression of cancer. As a consequence, a variety of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been developed as potent anticancer agents, several of which have been approved by the FDA for cancer treatment. However, recent accumulated research results have suggested that HDACs are also involved in several other pathophysiological conditions, such as fibrotic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Very recently, the HDAC inhibitor givinostat has been approved by the FDA for an indication beyond cancer: the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In recent years, more and more HDACis have been developed as tools to understand the role that HDACs play in various disorders and as a novel therapeutic approach to fight various diseases other than cancer. In the present perspective article, we discuss the development and study of HDACis as anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents, covering the period from 2020–2024. We envision that the discovery of selective inhibitors targeting specific HDAC isozymes will allow the elucidation of the role of HDACs in various pathological processes and will lead to the development of promising treatments for such diseases.
Beneficial Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination on Lipid Profiles in Children with Moderate and Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Garoufi Anastasia , Papadaki Maria , Kalogiannis Michalis , Zerva Urania , Charakida Marietta , Marmarinos Antonios , Attilakos Achilleas
Published: December 2024

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the long-term use of a dietary supplement containing red yeast rice (RYR), combined with other natural compounds, in children and adolescents with primary hypercholesterolemia. A nutraceutical, containing RYR, policosanols, coenzyme Q10, astaxanthin and folic acid (commercial name: Armolipid), was administered once daily in 84 children/adolescents with moderate or severe primary hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, 19 of the participants consumed 1.5–2.5 g of phytosterols daily until the initiation of dietary supplementation with Armolipid. Clinical and laboratory evaluation took place before and 6 and 16 months after treatment. Nutraceutical consumption resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels, which was maintained with long-term administration (p < 0.001). No changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 and lipoprotein (a) levels. In children previously on phytosterol supplementation, Armolipid use exerted a further significant reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins. Armolipid may be an effective and safe complementary treatment for children with moderate and severe hypercholesterolemia. More prospective studies on larger cohorts are needed to establish the role of nutraceuticals containing RYR, policosanols and other natural compounds in the treatment of children with hypercholesterolemia.
P300 Latency with Memory Performance: A Promising Biomarker for Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mohamed Manal , Mohamed Nourelhuda , Kim Jae Gwan
Published: December 2024

Detecting and tracking the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is now of particular interest due to the aging of the world’s population. AD is the most common cause of dementia, affecting the daily lives of those afflicted. Approaches in development can accelerate the evaluation of the preclinical stages of AD and facilitate early treatment and the prevention of symptom progression. Shifts in P300 amplitude and latency, together with neuropsychological assessments, could serve as biomarkers in the early screening of declines in cognitive abilities. In this study, we investigated the ability of the P300 indices evoked during a visual oddball task to differentiate pre-clinically diagnosed participants from normal healthy adults (HCs). Two preclinical stages, named asymptomatic AD (AAD) and prodromal AD (PAD), were included in this study, and a total of 79 subjects participated, including 35 HCs, 22 AAD patients, and 22 PAD patients. A mixed-design ANOVA test was performed to compare the P300 indices among groups during the processing of the target and non-target stimuli. Additionally, the correlation between these neurophysiological variables and the neuropsychological tests was evaluated. Our results revealed that neither the peak amplitude nor latency of P300 can distinguish AAD from HCs. Conversely, the peak latency of P300 can be used as a biomarker to differentiate PAD from AAD and HCs. The correlation results revealed a significant relationship between the peak latency of P300 and memory domain tasks, showing that less time-demanding neuropsychological assessments can be used. In summary, our findings showed that a combination of P300 latency and memory-requiring tasks can be used as an efficient biomarker to differentiate individuals with AAD from HCs.
Differing Effects of Alcohol Use on Epigenetic and Brain Age in Adult Children of Parents with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Scholl Jamie L. , Pearson Kami , Fercho Kelene A. , Van Asselt Austin J. , Kallsen Noah A. , Ehli Erik. A. , Potter Kari N. , Brown-Rice Kathleen A. , Forster Gina L. , Baugh Lee A.
Published: December 2024

Background: It is known that being the adult child of a parent with an alcohol use disorder (ACoA) can confer a wide variety of increased health and psychological risks, including higher rates of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Additionally, ACoAs are at greater risk of developing alcohol/substance use disorders (AUDs/SUDs) than individuals from families without a history of AUDs. Methods: ACoA individuals with risky hazardous alcohol use (n = 14) and those not engaged in hazardous use (n = 14) were compared to a group of healthy controls. We examined structural brain differences and applied machine learning algorithms to predict biological brain and DNA methylation ages to investigate differences and determine any accelerated aging between these groups. Results: Hazardous and non-hazardous ACoA groups had lower predicted brain ages than the healthy control group (n = 100), which may result from neuro-developmental differences between ACoA groups and controls. Within specific brain regions, we observed decreased cortical volume within bilateral pars orbitalis and frontal poles, and the left middle temporal gyrus and entorhinal cortex within the hazardous alcohol ACoA group. When looking at the epigenetic aging data, the hazardous ACoA participants had increased predicted epigenetic age difference scores compared to the control group (n = 34) and the non-hazardous ACoA participant groups. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a decreased brain age in the ACoAs compared to control, concurrent with increased epigenetic age specifically in the hazardous ACoA group, laying the foundation for future research to identify individuals with an increased susceptibility to developing hazardous alcohol use. Together, these results provide a better understanding of the associations between epigenetic factors, brain structure, and alcohol use disorders.
Influence of a Frame Structure Building Demolition on an Adjacent Subway Tunnel: Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Wang Wei , Xie Xianqi , Yuan Fang , Luo Peng , Wu Yue , Liu Changbang , Nie Senlin
Published: December 2024

In a complex urban environment, the impact of building demolitions by blasting on the structural integrity of nearby metro tunnels is critical. This study systematically analyzed the blasting and demolition process of a building adjacent to a metro tunnel using various monitoring methods, including blasting vibration, dynamic strain, deformation and settlement, pore water pressure, and displacement. The results indicate that the metro tunnel’s vibration response can be divided into four stages: notch blasting, notch closure, overall collapse impact, and auxiliary notch blasting. The most significant impact on the tunnel segments occurred during the building’s ground impact phase, with a peak particle velocity of 0.57 cm/s. The maximum tensile and compressive stresses induced in the tunnel segments did not exceed 0.4 MPa, well within the safety limits. Displacement and settlement changes in the tunnel structure were less than 1 mm, far below the warning threshold. Additionally, blasting vibrations significantly affected the pore water pressure in the surrounding soil. However, fluctuations caused by ground impact vibrations were minimal, and the pore water pressure quickly returned to its initial level after the blasting concluded. Throughout the process, no adverse effects on the metro tunnel structure were observed.
The Influence of Construction Parameters on the Temperature Field of Rock-Filled Concrete
Authors: Quan Juanjuan , Miao Zhiqi , Yang Haipeng , Luo Tao , Zhang Tianqi , Li Gang
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the distribution characteristics and variation rules of the temperature field of rock-filled concrete during pouring. Based on the thermal model accounting for the hydration rate, it uses ANSYS software to study the influence rules of construction parameters, such as the rock-filled ratio, time between pours, pouring thickness at the peak value of rising temperature, temperature difference in the core and surface, and the position of the peak value of rising temperature during the construction of rock-filled concrete. The results indicate that, under varied rock-filled ratios, time between pours, and pouring thicknesses, the variation rules of the peak value of rising temperature, temperature difference in the core and surface, and the position of the peak value of rising temperature are the same. As the rock-filled ratio increases, the peak value of rising temperature and the temperature difference in the core and surface decrease, and the variation range of the position of the peak value of rising temperature enlarges as the number of pouring layers increases. When the time between pours is extended, both the peak value of rising temperature and the temperature difference in the core and surface decrease, and the fluctuation amplitude of the position of the peak value of rising temperature increases with the number of pouring layers. With the increase in the pouring thickness, the peak value of rising temperature and the temperature difference in the core and surface increase, and the position of the peak value of rising temperature does not change significantly with an increase in pouring layers. The maximums of the peak value of rising temperature and temperature difference in the core and surface are 15.56 °C and 14.54 °C, respectively, which meet the requirements of the specifications. The peak value of rising temperature has a linear relationship with the pouring layers. Therefore, constructing a hundred-meter-high dam is possible by controlling construction parameters, such as the rock-filled ratio, time between pours, and time between pours without taking temperature control measures.
A Bibliometric Analysis and Scoping Review of the Critical Success Factors for Residential Building Energy Retrofitting
Authors: Adegoke Ayodele Samuel , Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Sunindijo Riza Yosia
Published: December 2024

Retrofitting existing residential buildings presents a feasible approach to improving energy efficiency. Therefore, recognising the critical success factors (CSFs) for residential building energy retrofitting (BER) has remained a significant topic in this climate change era. However, given the fragmented nature of past findings, this study reviewed past studies on the CSFs for residential BER. Utilising Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, 138 studies were initially examined, with 33 meeting the inclusion criteria and synthesised according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The review started with a bibliometric analysis, including publication trends, types, geographical focus, etc., and found growing interest in this topic amongst authors in China, Germany, Saudi Arabia, the UK, and Europe. The scoping review results highlight seven overarching themes of CSFs: project-, contract-, stakeholder-, team-, financial-, regulation-, and material/technology-related. Notably, the most emphasised across the studies were stakeholder-, project-, regulation-, and financial-related CSFs. A further review of the included studies revealed that the dominant methods used in past studies were factor analysis, regression analysis, social network analysis (SNA), and structural equation modelling (SEM). This study provides valuable insights for regulatory bodies, construction professionals, project managers, and homeowners seeking to develop customised retrofitting solutions, advancing residential BER research and practice. Further research is suggested to understand how combinations of factors can drive retrofitting success across varied contexts.
Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Venetoclax-Based Regimens: A Real-World Analysis of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG)
Authors: Kalicińska Elżbieta , Jabłonowska-Babij Paula , Morawska Marta , Iskierka-Jażdżewska Elżbieta , Drozd-Sokołowska Joanna , Paszkiewicz-Kozik Ewa , Szukalski Łukasz , Strzała Judyta , Gosik Urszula , Dębski Jakub , Andrasiak Iga , Skotny Anna , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are susceptible to infections that can affect their clinical outcomes. Aims: The aims of this study were to assess the following: (1) the incidence of pneumonia in CLL patients treated with venetoclax-based regimens in a real-world setting, (2) the risk factors for event-free survival (EFS), and (3) overall survival (OS). Methods: This multicenter study included 322 patients from eight centers. Univariable and multivariable analyses (MVA) were performed, with the development of pneumonia during venetoclax-based treatment and OS as outcomes. Results: The most common complication was neutropenia (59%). During treatment with venetoclax-based regimens, 66 (20%) patients developed pneumonia—50 (23%) patients in the rituximab-plus-venetoclax (R-VEN) group and 13 (16%) patients in the obinutuzumab-plus-venetoclax (O-VEN) group (p = 0.15). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/asthma, splenomegaly, elevated creatinine, and anemia < 8 g/dL were the risk factors for EFS in MVA (HR = 2.08, 95%CI 1.16–3.74, p = 0.014; HR 1.73, 95%CI 1.08–2.78, p = 0.02; HR 2.13, 95%CI 1.10–4.11, p = 0.03, HR 3.58, 95%CI 2.18–5.89, p < 0.001, respectively). Relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL patients treated with R-VEN with pneumonia had worse OS than those without (p < 0.001). In patients treated with O-VEN, median OS did not differ between patients with and without pneumonia (p = 0.45). Conclusions: Our real-world study showed that pneumonia during venetoclax treatment occurs more frequently than reported in registration trials and has a negative impact on OS, especially in patients with R/R CLL who are treated with R-VEN. Neutropenia is not a risk factor for pneumonia.
The Role of the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale in Predicting Adverse Events and Outcomes of R-CHOP Treatment in Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (DLBCLs) or Mantle Cell Lymphomas (MCLs): A Prospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Jabłonowska-Babij Paula , Olszewska-Szopa Magdalena , Potoczek Stanisław , Majcherek Maciej , Szeremet Agnieszka , Kujawa Krzysztof , Wróbel Tomasz , Czyż Anna
Published: December 2024

Background: The prognostic value of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is recognized by many in hematology. However, there is no consensus on the utilization of alternative abbreviated methods to assess disabilities in elderly patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHLs). Aim: The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the prognostic value of selected CGA tools in predicting adverse events (AEs) and outcomes of R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like treatment in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) or mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs). Methods: All patients who participated in this study underwent the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (iADL) scale, the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13), the Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) before starting anticancer treatment. Selected clinical predictors were also included in the study. Results: A total of 62 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCLs or MCLs, treated with R-CHOP in the Department of Hematology, Blood Neoplasm and Bone Marrow Transplantation of Wroclaw University Hospital between 1 July 2018, and 1 July 2020, were included in the study. The median age upon initiation of the treatment was 72 years (range: 61–68). Multinomial logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that the iADL scale was significantly associated with response to treatment (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02–1.44, p = 0.03), was inversely related to non-hematological AEs (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71–0.92, p = 0.001), and was a statistically significant predictor of longer overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79–0.89, p < 0.001) and longer progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99, p = 0.03). Conclusions: These results underscore the effectiveness of the iADL scale as a quick, easy-to-use, and universal CGA tool for evaluating crucial functional status before treatment in elderly hematological patients with DLBCLs or MCLs.