bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of age hardening process on Al/SiC/Al2O3 hybrid composite
Authors: Reddy Kolli Balasivarama , Shaivinay Chiguluri , Jeevan Naidu T , Lekhaz Shri , Akula Nived
Published: September 2020

Versatile properties of aluminium make it the most common metal used now a days and it is used in various sectors like automobile, aerospace, civil etc. When mixed with other materials, properties like high tensile strength with high strength to weight ratio, high wear resistance low density and low coefficient of thermal expansion can be obtained. Aluminium with SiC, B4c, etc. forms a wear resistance hybrid. Its application is mostly in the brake drum of the automobile sector. Brake shoe of the brake drum is manufactured of cast iron so therefore a detailed study is done on both the properties of cast iron as well as the Al/SIC/Al2O3 composite. These hybrids are also used in sectors like construction to construct light weight racks, claps etc. The Composition of the manufactured composite is varied and tested to get the best fit for brake drum. Various tests performed are tensile test, tribology test and scanning-electron microscope to analyse properties of hybrid composite. Performance of the manufacture composite is evaluated on the basis of wear test as wear resistance is the most effective property that a brake shoe should possess. The method used here for manufacturing the composite is stir casting.
Influence of core and matrix modifications on the mechanical characteristics of sandwich composites
Authors: Selwyn Jebadurai D , Razal Rose A
Published: September 2020

Sandwich composites are increasingly being used for a variety of applications owing to excellent properties like high bending strength and stiffness, low strength-to-weight ratio and excellent damping and acoustic properties. However, there are certain issues faced while using sandwich structures for structural applications which includes debonding of face sheets from core, matrix cracking and core shear failure. In the current work, an effort is made to enhance the mechanical characteristics of sandwich composites by altering poly vinyl chloride (PVC) foam core and adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to epoxy resin used as the matrix. Four different configurations of sandwich laminates were fabricated using vacuum bagging process: (1) plain core and neat epoxy resin (2) core with blind holes and neat epoxy resin (3) core with blind holes and epoxy resin with MWCNT (4) core with through holes and epoxy resin with MWCNT. Flexural and compression tests were carried out on these sandwich specimens according to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. Sandwich specimens with through holes in the core and resin mixed with MWCNT exhibited better mechanical characteristics compared to the other sandwich laminates. Type 4 sandwich specimens were able to withstand 12% and 16% more flexural and compressive loads respectively compared to conventional sandwich specimens.
Characterization and Applications of Titanium alloy with Nickel and Niobium based Shape memory alloys by Molecular Dynamic Simulation–A review
Authors: Naresh G. , Rajasekaran G.
Published: September 2020

Characterization of Shape memory alloys using simulations like molecular dynamics (MD) approach is a difficult but at the same time it is an effective process. In this article, recent works on MD simulation of titanium-based shape memory alloys which can be used as nano sensors for sensing various properties like temperature, pressure and relative humidity were discussed. The accuracy of MD simulation is based on potentials like modified embedded atom method to study its mechanical behavior at different temperatures in atomic scale. Also, the force between individual particles of the alloy was calculated to determine the mechanical properties of shape memory alloys depending on the interparticle free space. Hence in this article authors were discussed various types of potentials and its effectiveness to characterize mechanical properties. Also, this article gives an overview of Nickel and Niobium based titanium alloy on various application.
Vibration Analysis Of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy In Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Manoj Samson R , Prakash M , Nirmal R , Vajpayee Gaurav
Published: September 2020

Owing to high specific strength and stiffness, composites find wide applications in automobile and aerospace industry. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the vibration characteristics of embedded shape memory alloy wire (SMA). Earlier, experimental modal analysis was carried out on the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite beams (CFRP beam) embedded with shape memory alloy wire manufactured by hand lay-up process. Increased levels of pre-strain up to 4% on shape memory alloy wire resulted in maximum increment in natural frequency when activated at 75°C. The experiment also investigates change in modal frequencies in CRPF plates embedded with the SMA wires. The selected pre-strain for experimentation was 4% pre-strain actuated at 75°C.
Wear performance of UHMWPE reinforced with basalt fibre for total disc replacement
Authors: Glad Stephen J Daniel , Prakash M
Published: September 2020

For total disc replacement (TDR), wear of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) bearing surface is the common cause for failure. Wear of UHMWPE plays an important role in determining the life span of TDR implants. In order to obtain materials with improved wear resistance and improved mechanical characteristics basalt fibre of 5wt. %, 10 wt. %, 15 wt. % and 20 wt. % is added with UHMWPE. The wear tests were conducted on a pin-on-disk tribometer. The specimens thus prepared were subjected to hardness tests, tensile testing and wear testing. The results indicated that the hardness increased with increasing percentages of basalt fibre content, and the tensile strength of the specimens increased until 15% of additive content and post that it decreased thereafter, Wear tests indicated a decrease in wear with increase in additive content as the coefficient of friction decreased considerably.
A Comparative Study of Sandwich and Hybrid Sandwich Composites using Jute and Kevlar Fibers
Authors: Ramprasath B , Murugesan R , banerjee Abhik , Anand Abhinav , Shashank
Published: September 2020

The use of sandwich composites has increased day by day in the structural applications due to high strength to weight ratio, high environmental resistance with good thermal insulation properties. Natural fiber, jute is biodegradable and eco-friendly in nature due to which these fibers are considered as an alternative to conventional materials. In this study jute and Kevlar fibers were used as reinforcement in epoxy matrix. The two different layers of composites using jute and Kevlar fibers with epoxy resin are prepared with a size of 300 X 300 X 1mm using hand layup process. The paper board honeycomb structure with a size of 300 X 300 X 12mm was placed in between layers of composites. In the first case, jute fibers were used to fabricate the two layers above and below the honeycomb structure to make sandwich composite. In the second case, combination of jute and Kevlar fibers were used to fabricate the two layers above and below the honeycomb structure to make the hybrid sandwich composite. The fabricated composites were tested for their mechanical properties like tensile, compressive, flexural, and impact strength. Results reveal that hybrid sandwich composites have superior tensile, impact and flexural strength compared to sandwich composites. The compressive strength remained unaltered in both the cases.
Design and evaluation of a Self-charging Battery electric two wheeler
Authors: Govindarajan NM , Kashyap VA , Siluvaimuthu S , Sethupathi PB , Chandradass J
Published: September 2020

With the world shifting to EVs from conventional fossil fuel run automobiles, there should exist a mediator to effectively make this switch effortless and smooth, atleast to overcome range anxiety and the resistance to use new technology. Therefore, we propose a self- charging HEV and not a complete PHEV. Since the Indian automobile market comprises of mostly two-wheelers that make up 50% of the total sales, it is a good platform to introduce a hybrid powertrain. Key factors are that it should be cheap, easy to run and maintain, highly fuel efficient and should give good performance than its traditional ICE only counterparts. The main idea for this paper is from old diesel-electric locomotives that used a rudimentary hybrid layout to put power to the wheels via an electric motor. Our concept uses the same principle but optimised for a two-wheeler. The bike is powered by a single cylinder petrol or a single cylinder diesel engine that acts as a generator to power a battery which in turn powers a motor to drive the rear wheel. The older locomotives used traction motors to pull heavy loads, whereas our motorcycle can be set to a speed of high torque and low fuel consumption to increase its range which ultimately matters to the Indian consumer. The battery itself can be smaller to reduce the weight that is attributed to EVs. This kind of self-charging EV is especially useful in emerging EV markets like India who is planning a shift to EVs in the near future.
Rice husk ash based cementitious material for concrete canoe
Authors: Pradeep S , Deepak P , Dheepak S
Published: September 2020

This article study about the properties of light weight concrete canoe using Rice husk ash, micro-silica and microsphere. Rice husk ash, an industrial by-product from boilers for parboiling rice, has been exposed as admixture to replace part of cement in structural mortar. Micro silica addition improves mechanical and durability behaviour in mortars. A microsphere is a lightweight, inert, hollow sphere made largely of silica and alumina and filled with air or inert gas, typically produced as a by-product of coal combustion at thermal power plants. In addition, as the rice husk ash comes from agricultural waste resources their use as secondary raw material will contributes to circularity in the economy. Parametric design of the hull form and internal arrangement of single rower canoe is designed. The Hull Design and stability analysis is done using MAXSURF software. Heel angle was targeted to achieve 60 degree and it had achieved up to 89 percentage. Strength analysis is carried out for the designed hull and then analysed. After finalized the mix design and the hull design, the mould is prepared. Finally, the canoe is casted and tested for stability.
Optimization of shopping product strategy using automatic billing and machine learning enabled smart trolley
Authors: Vidhya Kamala Lakshmi S , Elatchiya R V , Balamurugan S , Shanmugam Vignesh
Published: September 2020

This paper is about a smart trolley (Fute cart–fute means smart, cart means trolley) which can provide fast and comfortable shopping experience to shopping customer. The trolley has attached barcode scanner to scan the products dropped, load cell to detect the weight of the products dropped and raspberry pi to integrate all these components using python. Fute cart is designed in such a way that it undergoes machine learning process with the history of data available. So with these data, it is possible to form relation between a product sale and its relative position in the shop. Also from the history of data, it is possible to categorise the products as complementary, mutually exclusive and dependent products based on the sequence based prediction. This kind of strategic arrangement and prediction increased the profit rate of the surveyed shop by 21%. The trolley also has theft detection system. Fute cart serves to be beneficial for both the customers and shopkeepers. It gives fast and informative shopping experience to the customers. Also for the shopkeeper, it reduces the cost of appointing an operator and it provides theft detection service and customer attractive product arrangement ideas.
Landmark Detection Using Squeeze and Excitation Residual Neural Networks
Authors: Uma M , Mugundhan Anirudh , Pooja
Published: September 2020

Landmark Recognition is the technology that can anticipate landmark names straightforwardly from picture pixels, to help individuals better comprehend and sort out their photograph accumulations and for law enforcement officials to gauge the location of images submitted as evidence. Image classifications techniques have shown remarkable improvements over the last few years. To further improve computer vision technologies and methodologies, researchers are now concentrating on highly specific types of classification. Instead of classifying cats, cars or buildings, researchers are trying to classify among different types of landmarks - both natural and man-made. In the present age, a tremendous roadblock in landmark recognition research is the lack of large, well labelled datasets. To rectify this, Google has come up with the Google Landmark Recognition Dataset. The dataset contains 1.2 million images of 15000 categories of landmarks. For the project, a subset of Google Landmark Recognition dataset has been used. Various latest classification algorithms, like AlexNet, ResNet, SE-ResNet, VGG-16 and Inception v3 have been implemented to classify the images. Among them, the SE-ResNet architecture achieves the lowest loss value of 0.1822 and accuracy of 94.08% on the training set.
Path Planning of an UAV with the Help of Lidar for Slam Application
Authors: Aakash C , Manoj Kumar V
Published: September 2020

Today’s world there will be always a value for path planning. Be it the use of mobile robots such as UAVs, UGVs, USVs, etc., everything functions based on SLAM input. The input parameter can be extracted by any kind of sensors such as Kinect, LiDAR, etc. Here I am using RPLIDAR(LiDAR) as Sensor for UAV path generation. By getting a single Plan reading from lidar I will generate 3D mapping by a gazebo and visualize it by rviz in ROS. Here we use ROS as an interface of robot and sensor.
Postural discomfort analysis of EOT crane operators
Authors: Anandakumar R , Balasubramanian K R , Sivapirakasam S P , Gopanna Kuruva
Published: September 2020

Ergonomics aims at ensuring good fit between the worker and the work station. It is an important field of research in the development process to increase safety, comfort and performance. A comfortable work station can help employees to work more efficiently and effectively by reducing the probability for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study has been carried out to evaluate the postural discomfort of Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) crane operators in tubular products shop of a boiler manufacturing company located in southern India. The modified Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) is used to interact with 67 crane operators, working with 24 EOT cranes of three different models in alternative shifts. The study revealed that 48(71.6%) employees suffered with some kind of MSDs. Most of them suffered with lower back pain followed by neck pain. The discomfort level is increased with age. Sixteen anthropometric dimensions are measured from all the operators. Statistical analysis is carried out using ANOVA. Frequent working postures are analysed by RULA, using Egrofellow-3 software. The obtained RULA score is 6. Suitable ergonomic chair provided for comfortable sitting and front side cabin guard height 100mm reduced to increase the visibility. After 3 months of trail run again questionnaire survey is conducted which clearly indicates that discomfort level drastically reduced and RULA score also reduced to 3.
Development of patient specific 3D printed mandible implant
Authors: Aarthi @ Priyatharshini S S , Angeline Kirubha S P
Published: September 2020

Medical 3D Printing has a variety of uses in dentistry, oral surgery and dental lab works. Modern dentistry plays a major role in 3D printing technology. The designing of a patient-specific mandible implant for cancer and fracture cases is based on the patient’s medical imaging data and 3D printing. This study procedure uses the patient CT image data in DICOM format (Digital imaging and communication medicine). The patient’s corrupted mandible is extracted from the skull CT scan. The anatomical reconstruction approaches are used for the extraction of the final 3D printed image. The final design is printed and then the stress analysis for different polymers is made to provide efficiency. Analyzing the suitable polymer involves biting and chewing. The maximum values of von mises stress were measured. Thus, the reconstructed mandible was close to the mechanical behavior of the normal bone. This 3D printed mandible implant is patient-specific compared to the existing system.
Fuzzy environment replacement model
Authors: Balaganesan M , Ganesan K
Published: September 2020

This paper focuses on replacement of equipment in fuzzy environment. Fuzzy set theory is the main tool to emphatic the vagueness parameters which involving in many real life applications. All imprecise costs involved in this fuzzy replacement model are taken as triangular fuzzy numbers. The proposed method gives the optimal replacement time of the replacement problem in fuzzy nature and it is validated using a real life numerical example.
Thermal imaging method in the evaluation of obesity in various body regions–A preliminary study
Authors: Rashmi Richa , Snekhalatha U
Published: September 2020

Technologies like 3-dimensional scanners and thermal imaging are slowly overtaking the traditional means of evaluating the obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean skin surface temperature of different regions such as abdominal, shank, gluteal (thigh), forearm, neck, fingerbed region and to study the potential of feature extracted from thermograph of various region and its measured skin temperature values in the evaluation of obesity. In this preliminary study 30 normal and 30 obese young adult of age 19- 23 years were invited out of which 30 were female and 30 were male. Thermal imaging of abdominal, shank, gluteal, forearm, neck and fingerbed regions was acquired and average skin temperature was estimated in various regions for obese and normal subjects. Among the six region studied, neck region shows the greater temperature variation between the study population. In total population studied, the feature extracted parameter depicted positive association with mean skin surface temperature in various regions. Among various feature extracted parameters, mean and total standard deviation depicted the highest significance in abdomen (mean- r = 0.877, TSD- r = 0.449), neck (mean- r = 0.910, TSD- r = -0.617) and in forearm region (mean- r = 0.918, TSD- r = -0.404). ANOVA test provided a significant difference between the skin surface temperature of the groups (normal and obese subjects) at abdomen [F (1, 58) = 261.265, p< 0.05], forearm [F (1, 58) = 619.586, p< 0.05] and neck region [F (1, 58) = 492.322, p< 0.05]. Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network provided 98% accuracy, 95% sensitivity and 92% specificity while classifying normal and obese subjects.
Affordable human motion analysis system
Authors: Rajesh P , Pranav Anand P , Rupesh Babu C , Karthik Varshini , Kumar Ashok
Published: September 2020

An initial prototype of two-dimensional motion analysis system which uses less expensive cameras, markers along with a open-source software for precise tracking of human movements is proposed here to overcome the difficulties faced by the researchers in using the current technology. Gait analysis is normally used to treat the abnormalities in walking or running ability of an individual. The main objective of this work is to build a less expensive gait setup which will be capable of finding out basic gait parameters. Currently available expensive 3D motion analysis system is not accessible to most of the people. This proposed system can be useful to people from all walks of life and especially beneficial to the people undergoing physiotherapy, autism patients, stroke patients and sportspersons etc. This setup is both reliable and portable which makes it quite different from other existing setup. This will open up new areas of biomechanical studies which would pave the way for most of the people to move into this type of research.
Thermal imaging method in the evaluation of psoriasis in upper limb region
Authors: Raman Meghna Sampath , Snekhalatha U , Nelufer K , Srivastava Sakshi , Narasimhan Murali
Published: September 2020

Psoriasis is a dermatological disorder that most often causes scaling, itching and lesions on various regions of the skin. This study aims to focus on just the upper limb region affected by psoriasis and perform image acquisition using thermographic imaging. Each and every bodily disorder has a unique heat signature and respective temperature differences. Similarly, Psoriasis also has a typical heat signature that can be clearly observed on performing automated segmentation of the thermal images. The aim of this study includes automated segmentation and GLCM feature extraction in order to understand the nature of the disorder from the thermal images, and to characterize it in a more precise manner. The segmentation algorithm used for the purpose of this study is the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm. Segmentation is performed in order to clearly characterize the region of interest (ROI). The skin temperature differences in the ROI between normal and psoriasis affected hand are important to evaluate the latter. The segmented images’ features have to be extracted in order to clearly visualize the unique aspects of Psoriasis which may not be understandable upon just clinical trials. The GLCM features are extracted using the respective algorithms. The mean average temperature difference between the normal and psoriasis was found to be 2.91°C. The percentage difference between the normal and psoriasis in measurement of average temperature was found to be 9.57%. Thermographic imaging is a non-contact method of image acquisition and is being extensively used in present day for medical study. This study will help understand Psoriasis in a more elaborate and clarified manner and aims to be used as diagnostic tool in the future.
RETRACTED: Application of Machine learning Algorithms in Autonomous Vehicles Navigation System
Authors: Suriya Prasath G D , Rahgul Poopathi M K , Sarvesh P , Samuel A
Published: September 2020

Autonomous vehicles are the future of transportation and it also expected to become a fully-fledged reality within a decade. The major giants in the automotive industry like Toyota with Microsoft and Amazon, Mercedes with Bosch, Audi with Huawei, etc. are hard pressing their transition from conventional vehicle to autonomous vehicles. The state of Karnataka, for instance, had approximately 205,200 registered taxis higher than Madhya Pradesh 174,900 registered cabs from 2014 to 2015. This results in higher traffic congestion, pollution and high fuel consumption due to unorganized driving practice. As a consequence, this presents a great deal of opportunities for autonomous cars as they can significantly reduce the accident rate and improve effective and stress free parking, optimal running time, fuel economy etc. It also reduces traffic congestion as all the autonomous cars can be synchronized together through cloud. But the crucial part is their navigation system. Although a number of sophisticated forms of technology like such as radars, lasers, and high definition cameras for mapping, localization, obstacle detection, etc, are used, autonomous vehicles are still trying to reach perfection to navigate precisely under uninformed terrains and dynamics obstacles on the way like pedestrians, erratic drivers, traffic and climatic conditions. Events like heavy snow and rain, improper lane marking makes it hard to detect an obstacle on the road for evasive maneuver within limited response time period. Machine learning is one of the fast growing technologies that provide optimal solution to overcome the challenges in the autonomous navigation system. This paper focuses on the application of different machine learning algorithms and compares the use, challenge and scope of the same. The paper also focuses on the future direction of machine learning with reference to autonomous navigation system.
Current Research and Future Prospects of Neuromorphic Computing in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Vishwa R , Karthikeyan R , Rohith R , Sabaresh A
Published: September 2020

Neuromorphic computing is a budding avenue though it has been known since the 80’s. The extensive research and development in the field of artificial intelligence particularly in the last decade is tremendous. The growth of artificial intelligence is expected to grow exponential in the years to come. Technologies like machine learning and IoT has made possible for many fields from industrial automation to business model prediction very affordable and far less complex. With growing digital devices, the number of devices connected to the cloud and in a network is doubling and in some cases are tripling in some ventures. Technologies like drones, autonomous cars, smart healthcare, smart cities and many other are moving towards more and more data and connected devices to the cloud. The present hardware system is at the verge of giving away as the data generation rate and processing volumes of the same is becoming a challenge. The hardware of today, though are advance are simply not adequate to support the expansion rate of growth of artificial intelligence in all fields. Increased devices result in increase data, increased processing raising challenges for current storage devices and processing devices. Neuromorphic chips, which promise to overcome this challenge, are currently being researched extensively by many computer giants who fear the future incompetency of hardware of which IBM is a major player. Ground breaking research in the field of memristor and artificial synapse have paved the way for neuromorphic chips which are expected to revolutionized the field for the better. This paper deals with the current research, physical and technical limitations and future scope of neuromorphic chips. The significance of memristor and artificial synapse towards neuromorphic computing is also dealt in detail.
Development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for Indian Cars
Authors: Balaji Swaroop , Sivaprakash R , Sabareesh S , Sivasundar M
Published: September 2020

The rising incidence of accidents in countries due to the lack of safety equipment in vehicles has been a hectic situation these days. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are the most promising technology for reducing road transport externalities (e.g. congestion, traffic accidents, and environmental stress). The purpose of this study is to increase the safety and efficiency of motor vehicles, commercial vehicles, and special vehicles and shape the mobility of tomorrow. Using a cross-sectional analysis, the study analyzed vehicle safety can be improved by using ADAS technologies such as radar, LIDAR, ultrasonic and infrared (IR) sensors, highly resilient and reliable cameras, optical sensors. A review of the most popular available technologies used in ADAS and descriptions of their application areas are discussed in this paper.
Method of finding an optimal solution for interval balanced and unbalanced assignment problem
Authors: Ramesh G , Sudha G , Ganesan K
Published: September 2020

All Assignment problems are a famous subject as well as is second-hand extremely frequently in solving problems of industrial and administration science. Transportation and assignment models playing significant position in logistics and deliver sequence administration for dropping fee and time, for improved facility. The assignment problem is one of the major problems while assigning job to the employee. It is a significant problem in mathematics and is also discuss in actual physical world. In this paper, we planned a original move towards for solving a balanced and unbalanced assignment problem. The grades of original approach are compared through existing approaches. Such parameters are a bunch of devices and these vague parameters are expressed by intervals. Through this involvement we suggest Hungarian method of interval and consider the thinking of interval analysis to solve linear assignment problems. The question of assignment without converting them to traditional assignment issue. In this paper a numerical scheme is investigated in detail.
Comparative study on flow characteristics, strength and durability of GGBS based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Sravanthi Dodda , Himath Kumar Y , Sarath Chandra Kumar B
Published: September 2020

Use of OPC causes the emission of CO2, which is a global house gas, to reduce the usage of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement), GPC (Geopolymer Concrete) can be used as an alternative. To study the impact of molarity in GPC and compared with conventional concrete. The grade of concrete tested are M30 and M40 by using OPC 53 grade to compare the strength and geopolymer concrete M40 by using GGBS with River sand and M-sand. In geopolymer concrete when strength compares with different molarities 8M to 16M are used in this project work. In GPC strength is directly proportional to the molarity of NaOH. The mechanical properties are conducted to find out the strength. Different molarities were conducted with ( slump test; compaction factor) workability strength of concrete. The different acid test is conducted in durability (i.e., HCl, water absorption test, MgSO4, H2SO4, NaCl). Geopolymer concrete energy absorption is more when compare the normal concrete. The strength increases to increasing the molarity of concrete in GPC.
Service life prediction of geopolymer concrete with respective to chloride ion penetration
Authors: Raziya Tasneem A , Sarath Chandra Kumar B , Himath Kumar Y
Published: September 2020

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative constriction material which is produced by the chemical action of inorganic molecules like sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate. This acts as a binding material for the cementation’s material. The cementations material used in the present study is Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS). In this paper, the service life of the geopolymer concrete structure presented to know the life span. The sodium hydroxide solutions having the molarities of 8M and 10M are used. The ratio of the alkali activators (NaOH and Na2SiO3) used is 1:2.5. The normal concrete mix having the water-cement ratio of 0.45 is also cast. The cubes are exposed to the NaCl solution. The specimens exposed to the solutions are drilled in respective depths. The powder is collected from the specimens and are titrated against with AgNO3 to find the percentage of chloride ion penetration. The compressive strength of the specimens for 28, 56, and 90 days are taken. In this paper it was also observed that as the days increases the percentage of chloride ion penetration decreases.
Portable non-invasive glucose and haemoglobin level monitoring incorporated along with multi paramonitoring system
Authors: Kevin Amos A , Rajalakshmi T , Raja D
Published: September 2020

Contemporary wireless technology gives a lot of new prospects for monitoring vital parameters. This paper presents a compact vital signs monitoring system using non-invasive optical sensors alone which is currently not present at disposal. An android app called multi para-tracker (MTP) is developed which connects to the device via Bluetooth which displays the value of the scrutinized parameters. A microcontroller ATmega328p connects all the sensors and Bluetooth and controls the system to work as programmed in the Arduino IDE software. This feature has a colossal advantage as it does not restrict the mobility of the patient and also diminutions the waiting time of the patients in hospitals. The system monitors vital signs measurement include Heart rate, oxygen saturation level in blood, Respiration rate, Blood Pressure, Temperature, Haemoglobin count and Blood Glucose level. This system can most probably exterminates the erstwhile procedure of extracting blood from the patients for testing the blood glucose level and also for haemoglobin count measurement in the imminent. Hence the developed prototype is tested with 30 different subjects and calibrated accordingly to show almost accurate results when compared to the existing techniques.
A handheld device to monitor physiological changes using sweat
Authors: Natarajan Gayathri , Badhusha Shaik Mohamed , Monish R , Rajalakshmi T , Snekhalatha U
Published: September 2020

Sweat is a viscous, multi-parameter fluid that can be used to gain information on various functions of the body. The focus of this paper is to develop a prototype for a hand held that considers factors such as temperature, pH, and conductivity of sweat to arrive at a conclusion about the current physiological condition of the user. Sweat is metabolite rich so it contains salts such as Sodium, chloride and potassium. The concentration of each metabolite varies the general conductivity of sweat. The prototype will contain a temperature Detector, pH sensor and Galvanic Response sensor. Any abnormal change in temperature, pH and the conductivity of sweat indicates an underlying problem. Further the sensor is capable of detecting fluctuation in sodium ion concentration by measuring the changes in the voltage response. The device will use machine learning and IOT to come to a conclusion whether the user is in immediate danger or not and constantly display readings when the sensors come in contact with sweat.
Effect of ferrocement wrapping system on strength and behaviour of geopolymer concrete beam
Authors: Sangeetha Vaddeswaram , Sarath Chandra Kumar B , Himath Kumar Y
Published: September 2020

Geopolymer concrete is an innovative construction material that is environmentally friendly. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is made by mixing ground granulated blast- furnace slag, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and alkaline activator solution. Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) is a Steel Industry by-product. An alkaline activator is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate is adopted with a ratio of 1:2.5. The sodium hydroxide solutions having the molarities of 8M and 10M are used. Beams of size 1500x150x150mm are cast and cured for 28 and 56 days at ambient temperature. Both Conventional and Geopolymer concrete beams are wrapped with Ferrocement. This experimental study primarily aims to compare the flexural behaviour of reinforced cement concrete beams and Geopolymer concrete beams with ferrocement applications to enhance the strength property. Specimens are cast for compressive strength, split tensile strength and bending strength and tested for 7, 28 & 56 days. The obtained results were then plotted in a graph and the feasibility of using the mesh was identified.
An efficient alternative approach for the solution of an interval integer transportation problem
Authors: Sudha G , Ganesan K
Published: September 2020

The purpose of an Original Possible Solution (IFS) of an integer transportation interval problematic constructions an essential part of finding a minimum total transportation interval cost solution. Better initial feasible interval solution will result in fewer iterations achieving the minimum total cost solution for the interval. Various methods are obtainable in the fiction to achieve a better original possible result to the problem of interval transport. A new, effective method with row penalties is proposed in this paper to find an initial feasible interval solution to an interval transport problem. One numerical illustration demonstrates the new process. Thus, our new approach can be regarded as an alternate technique for achieving an original possible interval solution to a problem of integral interval transport.
Influence of carbon steel fibers on the flexural crack width of RC beam
Authors: Rao Paruchuri Venkata , Sarath Chandra Kumar B , Ramesh K
Published: September 2020

Reinforced concrete beams are the significant structural elements in the structure. They improve resistivity against flexural loads. The concrete portion in the reinforced concrete beam is good in compression but at the time of bending reinforcement will take about the structural element. When the flexural stresses exceed the flexural capacity of the reinforced concrete beam cracks will occur at the flexural portion. In this investigation for avoiding and delaying flexural cracks, carbon steel fibres are incorporated into the concrete mix. The carbon steel fibres are added in concrete concerning the total volume of concrete. Different percentages like 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of carbon steel fibres are added to the conventional concrete. Another side large amount of CO2 emission occurs while manufacturing the cement in the industry. Because of that the cement content is replaced 30% with GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag). The mix design used in this investigation is M30 with a water-cement ratio of 0.4. Cubes, cylinders and RC beams of 1.5 m X 0.23 m X 0.23 m are cast and placed in curing for 7 days and 28 days respectively. In this investigation single crack and multiple crack behaviour is analysed. The compression and split tensile strength of concrete are enhanced by incorporating carbon steel fibres in the conventional concrete. The RC beams with 28 days effective curing were tested under the loading frame of 2000T capacity. The result shows the initial crack propagation time is increased by increasing fibres content because at the time of crack propagation fibers present in the concrete mix will resist the entry of crack in the concrete and crack width is reduced by increasing fibres content compared with conventional concrete.
Develop the climatic condition ratio for typical building in India
Authors: Payal Jain P , Naga Chaitanya K
Published: September 2020

Diverse climatic condition influences building performance. It results in varying levels of energy utilization and Carbon dioxide emission. The building’s energy performance will also fluctuate based on climatic conditions. Thus comparing buildings in a range of climatic zones will lead to unjustified outcomes. It is of utmost importance to know what range the climatic conditions can impact a building’s energy performance. To improve the precision of building assessment rating tools, the climatic condition ratio is developed for various climatic regions of India by performing energy simulation on the typical building.
Analysis of Green Building Certification Attainment through GRIHA System for R & D Block at KLEF, India
Authors: Bondili Manaswini , Kavuri Naga Chaitanya
Published: September 2020

GRIHA is known as a green rating for integrated habitat assessment. The National Scoring System would periodically research the environmental efficiency of a building in its full life cycle; it will provide a clear benchmark for what makes a green building. Both national and international definitions are focused on the development and implementation of all emerging technologies that have an excellent balance on the energy and environmental values of the scoring system. The Green Building Rating System is a method that tests the environmental efficiency of a building through its life cycle. The current paper analyses the process for achieving the GRIHA ranking by evaluating many criteria such as site conditions, resource and activity, social aspects, energy optimization, waste management, human health and the security of the inhabitants in the recycling and reuse of products, lighting control, and water management for the academic building in Andhra Pradesh.
A solution approach for a fully fuzzy assignment problem
Authors: Melita Vinoliah E. , Ganesan K.
Published: September 2020

We solve a fully fuzzy assignment problem (FAP) where the costs are triangular fuzzy numbers. The FAP has gained its importance in the recent years. We have represented the fuzzy numbers in their parametric form and then solved it through ones assignment method. To the best of our knowledge, several authors have acquired the solution for a FAP by converting the problem to its crisp form. We have proposed an algorithm where we have used our ranking method and arithmetic operations to obtain a desirable solution without converting to an equivalent crisp form. The solution we acquired is represented in terms of location index and fuzziness index functions which enables the decision maker to decide his/her preference of solution. An example is given to explain the proposed methodology.
Fuzzy Unconstrained Optimization Problems with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Umamaheswari P , Ganesan K
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we consider an unconstrained optimization problem with fuzzy valued functions. Using generalized Hukuhara differentiability of fuzzy functions in Newton’s method, we obtain an optimal solution of fuzzy unconstrained optimization problem without transforming to crisp equivalent form. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Performance And Cost Analysis Of Modified Bitumen Binder For Flexible Pavement
Authors: Kumar Haravindh Vijay , Rahul Bodapati Gnana
Published: September 2020

The best suitable modified bitumen is used for the formation of flexible pavements. It also helps in reducing the amount of wastes that cannot be reduced. As development is a significant part of what Roadways are considered to be one of the most important infrastructure modules and play a significant role in our daily lives. Bitumen has been used as the basic material for pavement infrastructure, surplus products that are readily available on the market for bitumen alteration. In the present study, a transition in bitumen of different amounts has been made. Rubber is a by-product of waste tires India’s recycled tires account for about 6-7 per cent of the world’s number. As the surrounding tire industry grows at 12 per cent per year, squandering amounts are growing. India has been reusing discarded tires for four decades, although it is claimed that 60 per cent of the tires are disposed of by illegal dumping. The system used to reclaim these recycled items addresses the littering issue and can guarantee a lower level of pollutants in the area. The bituminous binder acts as a flexible, thermoplastic adhesive.
Characterization of zeolite influence to improve the performance of concrete
Authors: Basnett Anmol , Sharma Prerna , Krishnaraj L , Ravichandran P T
Published: September 2020

The key characteristic of the research is to provide sustainable concrete by reducing cement quantity by using modified pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash and zeolite. Concrete is the primary material used for construction where as there are several drawbacks and adverse impacts on the environment. There are also efficient ways of minimizing carbon footprint / global warming by minimizing the cement contents of concrete preparation. The approach pursued here in this paper is greater cement replacement with fly ash and zeolite and its concrete efficiencies in terms of workability, strength and durability. In this paper concrete grade M40 is adopted and adjusted concrete with UFFA replacement was done for different levels, the optimum levels were carried, and further zeolite replacement was done in different levels with cement. For 30% replacement of UFFA and 10% of Zeolite,the compressive strength increased to 8.2%, flexural strength increased to 4.1% and split tensile strength to 7.7% on comparison with conventional concrete. The micro structural studies confirmed the increase in strength was due to the fineness of the SCM’s and its void filling ability.
A Case Study on Impact of Labours Sleep Deprivation in Construction Project using Application Method
Authors: Sathvik S , Krishnaraj L
Published: September 2020

Sleep deprivation leads to stress and under-performance in work, which affects labor’s well-being and performance of work in construction. The sleep deprivation study was done on construction laborers on a huge construction sector in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The paper shows different stages of sleep and sleep pattern for laborers by installing an application on mobile. Hence results show the quality of sleep and labor productivity by relating to the concentration level at work by considering the daily progress report. Inadequate sleep caused increased risk of concentration at work. The labor’s recommended sleep is 7.5-h per night as the guidelines of doctors and researchers. The time of sleep lesser than the recommended would lead to a high risk of work accidents which is 12%. The findings in this study of laborers in the sector of construction would lead to a decrease in productivity and performance of labor. The risk of accidents at home and work entirely depends on the lack of sleep.
APPLICATION OF FGC BLOCKS FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Guru Kumar M S , Balasubramanian M , Arul Jeya Kumar A
Published: September 2020

The use of conventional materials in building construction results in increased emission of carbon dioxide and consumption of more energy. The replacement of sustainable materials with conventional materials can help in reducing the overall energy consumed while making it more eco-friendly. The aim of the study is to replace the cement used in manufacturing of concrete blocks with sustainable and waste materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and calcined clay. The compressive strength of these blocks were slightly lesser than the conventional blocks while satisfying the standards’ minimum criteria. The blocks showed 50% reduced thermal conductivity and 35% reduced carbon emission, which suggests that these blocks could be an excellent replacement for conventional materials since it increases the thermal comfort of the building while reducing the environmental impact.
EXPERIMENTALSTUDIES ON REPLACEMENT OF STEEL STIRRUPS BY SISAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS
Authors: Dinesh Kumar Raju S , Balasubramanian M , Arul Jeya Kumar A
Published: September 2020

Growing awareness about natural resources the environmental guidelines are fortified researchers to practice it for structural claims. Sisal fibers are abundantly available and they are less in cost compared with steel reinforcement. Sisal fibre is solitary promising reinforcements in fibre-reinforced polymer composites because of increased in tensile strength. Traditionally sisal fibres were used to make ropes, due to these high tensile properties in the sisal fibre it can be molded into the form of a stirrup by using Pultrusion process and hand layup method. which leads to the replacement of steel stirrups. The beams were casted with steel stirrups and sisal fibre stirrups and tested. On comparison of the results sisal fibre stirrups showed slightly increase in flexural strength but crack width is more compared to beams with steel stirrups. Due to their superior corrosion resistance of SIFRP (Sisal fibre reinforced polymer), it increases the durability. But the brittleness of SIFRP and their inferior bonding performance with concrete needs to be addressed.
Experimental Investigation on Concrete Using Treated Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Rajprasad J , Pannirselvam N
Published: September 2020

It has been observed that huge quantity of demolition waste which is generated in various sectors are simply dumped in low lying area and used in highways for pavement works. Subsequently the usage of natural resources for new constructions has increased in recent and it leads to depletion and affecting sustainable development. In this study, the demolition waste is utilized in construction activities as a recycling and reusing material in concrete based upon the basic properties like specific gravity, crushing strength, impact value, water absorption and abrasion which produces optimal result in using recycled aggregates in concrete. The properties pertaining to mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate is carried out with different replacement ratios namely 25, 50, 75 and100% and the experimental values shows that the implication of recycled aggregate is effective and it can be further used by adopting suitable methods. Hence treated recycled aggregate was found to be effective in usage in concrete.