bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social inequalities in flooding inside and outside of floodplains during Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Smiley Kevin T
Published: September 2020

While previous research often finds flood impacts outside of conventional flood risk zones such as FEMA’s 100-year floodplain maps, we have less of a sense of the social and demographic composition of the areas outside of floodplains that experience these impacts, even though social inequalities in flood risk and impacts more broadly is well-documented in the United States. Using data on 100-year floodplains, flood impacts, socio-demographic characteristics, and residential parcels, this study focuses on race as a primary marker of socio-spatial inequality to examine flooding inside and outside of floodplains during Hurricane Harvey in Greater Houston. Descriptive findings show that a large majority of flooding occurred outside of 100-year floodplains. Regression models show that while there is limited evidence of racial inequalities in flood risk as conceptualized as location in 100-year floodplains, there are substantial racial inequalities in flood extent during Hurricane Harvey. Results further show that these overall racial inequalities in flood extent are primarily driven by impacts that occurred outside of 100-year floodplains. Conclusions center on how and why conventional delineations of flood risk can underestimate racial inequalities to natural hazards.
Quantitative Risk Assessment Onshore LNG Regasification Unit (ORU)
Authors: Aprilia P W , Artana K B , Baliwangi L
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the assessment of risk levels of the worker categories on the onshore LNG terminal regasification facility. Quantitative Risk Assessment are applied to evaluate the process and non-process accidental events at Onshore Regasification Unit (ORU) during offloading and normal operation. Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA) and Potential Loss of Life (PLL) are the parameters to measure the risk for an individual in a specific worker category on the ORU area. Estimation numerical are provided to allow understanding of the risk exposure and fatality amongst the whole worker category or other areas of interest. QRA studies is used to take into account potential releases of hazardous material, estimated frequency of occurrence and consequences. Major Accident Hazard (MAH) are identified by the hazard identification process to identify all incident possibilities which cause to extensive damage to company assets and severe impact to people. Frequency of hazard occurrences is quantified using Event Tree Analysis (ETA) and fire modelling is utilized to represent the consequence. Evaluation against a set of risk acceptance criteria is carried out to the risk level arising from operation of the ORU area. Finally, a set of Safety Operation Procedure (SOP) and Emergency Response Plan (ERP) are developed to ensure the safety operation of the facility.
Prediction of Hydrodynamic Forces Acting on Wigley Hull based on SQCM
Authors: Ayub F A , Furukawa Y
Published: September 2020

Prediction of hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship hull is important to understand the manoeuvring performance of a ship at the initial design stage. To achieve the hydrodynamic forces, CFD calculations that directly solve the Navier-Stokes equation are often used recently, but they require much computational costs. Panel methods can also accurately represent the shape of a body and predict hydrodynamic forces acting on the body. SQCM (Source and Quasi Continuous Vortex Lattice Method) is one of panel methods which was developed at Kyushu University, and it has been confirmed that has a good accuracy to predict hydrodynamic force produced by a propeller. In this study, the SQCM is introduced to predict hydrodynamic forces acting on a Wigley hull in manoeuvring motion. In order to represent flow field around the Wigley hull appropriately, two kinds of free vortex models to be applied to predict hydrodynamic forces acting on the Wigley hull using the SQCM are examined. Predicted results are compared with model test results to verify the effectiveness of the free vortex models. The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of the SQCM to the prediction of hydrodynamic forces acting on a Wigley hull.
Study of Pioneer Sea Transportation’s Safety with Formal Safety Assessment Method
Authors: Priatno D H , Sunaryo
Published: September 2020

Particularly the safety of sea transportation must meet at least 2 decent criterias, namely seaworthiness and cargoworthiness. During the period 2009 - 2019 there were more than 90 accident cases have been recorded (NTSC, 2020). The types of accidents that occur are sinking (31%), aground (5%), collisions (30%), on fires (32%) and other types of accidents (5%). Ship accidents that occurred in Indonesia shows that the application of regulations relating to the security and safety of sea transportation still need to be given a greater portion in terms of their application and supervision. This research is focused on the study of the safety of pioneer ship with cargo-passanger ship types. Formal safety assessment (FSA) according to the International Maritime Organization standard is used as a method for this study, FSA was developed as a safety planning guide in the maritime field which aims to reduce risks in operations, while enhancing shipping safety, includes protection of life, health, the marine environment, and property. Research using expert judgment techniques with questionnaires. Risk analysis using Fault Tree Analysis method. Ship on fire and sinking are used as a top event. Calculation of minimum cut set on FTA is done using FTA software. In this study identified several risk control options that will be used in an effort to reduce the risk of ship on fire and sinking, by looking at the risk reduction index (ΔR), after which the cost of each Risk Control Option (RCO) is calculated to get the Gross of cost averting effectiveness index fatality (GCAF) and Net of cost averting fatality (NCAF) in order to know whether the RCO option has provided benefits in terms of benefits and costs incurred. Recommendations are submitted by looking at the most optimal cost and benefit options.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of LNG Terminal
Authors: Budiarta K G W , Handani D W , Dinariyana A A B
Published: September 2020

According to the report of Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology of Indonesia in 2019, it is stated that the demand for natural gas in Indonesia is predicted to increase from 1,516 Billions Standard Cubic Feet (BSCF) in 2017 to 4,723. BSCF or increase by an average of 3.5% per year in 2050. The most effective way in distributing natural gas nowadays is in the form of LNG. A national gas company together with a port company planned to build an LNG Terminal in a port area of Semarang, Central Java. This terminal will occupy the area based on the ultimate plan of the port which allocates the land expansion area of ± 5,200 m2 as liquid bulk area. The existing terminal is already being used as fuel storage for Methanol and High Speed Diesel (HSD). The designed LNG Terminal facilities consist of storage tanks with a capacity of 10,000 m3, LNG marine loading arm, filling stations, and equipped with jetty that capable to serve 22,000 m3 LNG vessel with length up to 160m. This paper addresses on the assessment of risk that may occur on the designed LNG Terminal. The risk assessment is carried out in several stages, beginning with identifying hazards using Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) followed by analysing the frequency of hazard using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA) methods to find out the type potential hazards and its frequency. The next stage is the analysis of the consequences using fire modelling method is carried out. The level of risk is represented by mapping the result of frequency and the consequence analysis into f-N Curve according to UK-HSE. Mitigation by means of Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is carried out if the risk is laid in unacceptable region.
Development of Risk Based Business Continuity Plan Using House of Risk Method on Container Terminal
Authors: Akbari D R , Gurning R O S
Published: September 2020

Business processes on every organization is essential to be maintained sustainably. Business disruption in certain area by large scale disaster weakens community resilience through halting productivity as experienced recently, and could also further impact national, regional and the global economy. Most of organizations have not realized that business continuity plan (BCP) is essential to their business continuity. This study aims to analyze the disruptions that might happen on container terminal and rank which disruption contributes most to the loss. This study also try to explain how business continuity plan can minimize the loss caused. The case study in this research is a container terminal. To be able to maintain business continuity in an organization, the terminal should implement business continuity planning in order to identify the risks of a disaster then provide procedures and strategies to reduce or minimize the risk. The development focused on the company’s ability to identify disruptions that might disrupt the business process and also to take action as. The research will be carried out using House of Risk method. Development & integration of the actual BCP will be conducted based on international standard ISO 22301:2012. The ranking of each identified risk agents and also the biggest contributor of the Aggregate Risk Potential will be the main output of this research.
Risk Assessment of Subsea Pipeline due to Installation and Operation of Single Point Mooring (SPM)
Authors: Aldara D R , Artana K B , Ariana I M
Published: September 2020

Offshore exploration facilities located in remote areas require high investment and high operational cost, the assets are classified as vital assets for the companies. The careful study and examination is therefore required to ensure that the risk of the facility is acceptable. Offshore exploration used subsea pipelines that has several risks if the accident occurs. Based on historical data, most of subsea pipelines failures are caused by third party factors (dropped anchor, dragged anchor, and ship sinking). This paper examines risk assessment of subsea pipelines due to installation and operation of SPM is assessed used DNVGL RP F107 standard and numerical simulations. Frequency is assessed by using Bayesian Network methods. Whereas the consequences were assessed by using calculations on the DNVGL RP F107 standard and FEM simulation. The results of frequency and consequences are mapped within a risk matrix according to DNVGL RP F107. Based on the calculation, the frequency of all types of vessels is less than 10-5 (rank 1). While the lowest consequence was rank 3 with a dent/diameter is 12.32% and the highest was rank 5 (>20%) which can damage the subsea pipelines. The risk matrix shows that the risk level are in acceptable and ALARP condition. Acceptable obtained by frequency in rank 1 and the consequence in rank 3 and 4. While ALARP obtained by frequence rank 1 and consequence rank 5. Although it is not mandatory for mitigation, it is recommended to provide the subsea pipeline with external protection. Rock dumping is recommended as external protection for subsea pipelines due to the good ability to protect the subsea pipelines and it has lower cost compared to concrete mattress.
Structural Degradation of Oil Tanker Operating in Indonesian Waterways
Authors: Komariyah S , Prasetyo F A , Garjati V N , Hariadi M R F , Prakasa A R
Published: September 2020

Corrosion is one of the significant factors for decreasing strength in floating marine structures. In general, rules of classification society use the North Atlantic Ocean located in the sub-tropical region as a reference area in the formulation of the structural strength. If the sub-tropical area compare with tropical region such as Indonesia waterway, Indonesia waterway has high salinity and humidity. This makes marine environment in Indonesia more corrosive. One example of the effects of corrosion is the reduction in plate thickness. This leads to decrease in ship strength. Using measured thickness data collected from 25-thickness measurement reports from 24 Oil Tankers that sailing in Indonesian waterways, the diminution of ship structural thickness has been analysed. The age of Oil Tankers, whose data was taken, ranges from 5 to 23 years. Data analysis was carried out by using statistical approach based on Weibull distribution. Using 95% cumulative probability, it was found that the thickness diminution of Oil Tanker with design life of 20 years is 2,07 mm for deck plate, the side plate is 2,06 mm, the bottom plate is 1,81 mm and the inner bottom plate is 1,53 mm.
The Wave Making Resistance Evaluation of The Fishing Ship With Skeg Using Tent Function Method
Authors: Sulisetyono A
Published: September 2020

The numerical computation method to explore the wave-making resistance for a case of the small ship with skeg in calm water’s surface condition is described. The problem is solved using the theory of Thin ship since it suitable for a case of slenderness of ship’s hull. The distribution of source along the hull’s centre plane is written in the Green function which is a form of Havelock source in ideal flow beneath free surfaces. In numerical computation, the approach of Tent function is proposed to discretize the form of the ship’s hull developed from the data offset for solving the Michell integral problem. Employing the numerical methods developed, the wave resistance prediction for the case of the Wigley hull and the traditional fishing ship ‘Madura’ in Indonesia are conducted within several of Froude numbers. Numerical results show an effect of the hull’s skeg on the ship’s resistance due to wave after body significantly.
Analysis of crew competence factor in the ship collisions (Case study: Collision accident in Indonesian waters)
Authors: Shanty  , Supomo Heri , Nugroho Setyo
Published: September 2020

Sea transportation has a vital role in the transportation system in many countries due to lower costs and higher accessibility. As in Indonesia, approximately 80% of the global trade occurs ships. This condition makes the shipping industry in Indonesia is growing, but this is not in line with improving shipping safety. Many accidents continue to occur, which pose a high risk to safety. One of the most common risks in terms of sea transportation is ship collision. Ship collisions can cause material losses, injuries, and fatalities. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued various direction to prevent accidents, but in reality, collision accidents continue to occur. However, the failure to apply a solution to prevent ship collisions is not at the root cause of the accident. According to the juries of the Maritime Court and the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC), one of the factors causing the collision of ships in Indonesia is the human factors (the inadequate crew competencies). The purpose of this research is to analyze the human factors involved in ship collision. The method used in this research is the House of Risk (HOR) phase 1. The data used in this study was obtained through a chronological review of ship collisions, questionnaires, and interviews with shipping experts. The results of this research reveal than inadequate crew competencies only a direct cause, not the root cause of ship collisions. The root cause is that the crew recruitment process is not accountable, the harbormaster does not thoroughly check crew competency certificates, and that maritime education does not implement QSS, STCW 95 and the amendments. To prevent ship collisions, should take preventive action on the root cause of the accident and not on the direct cause.
Numerical Study of Pre-Duct on Traditional Fishing Vessels as Energy Saving Device (ESD)
Authors: Munazid A , Ariana I M , Utama I K A P
Published: September 2020

This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of Energy Saving Device (ESD), namely Pre-Duct on traditional fishing vessels, in improving ship propulsor performance thus increase energy efficiency. Traditional fishing vessel in Lamongan coast are fishing vessels built by local shipbuilders based on experience and shipbuilder instincts from ancestors not based on the design of vessels, hull shape parametric of vessel is : L/∇1/3=3.97; L/B=3.06; Cb=0.49; Cm=0.73; Cw=0.78; Cp=0.7 and principal particulars of traditional fishing vessel is : Loa=9.5 m; Bmld=3.10 m; H=1.2 m; T=0.95 m. Simulation study on traditional fishing vessels was conducted using CFD approach together with the use of CFX commercial code; the simulation results determined the thrust and propulsive coefficient of vessels with and without pre-duct. Based on systematic comparisons of pre-duct and without pre-duct on traditional fishing vessels, the implementation of pre-duct has increased efficiency of energy and improving ship propulsor performance about 3%.
An Investigation into the Operational Characteristics of High-Speed Crew Boat Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Riyadi S , Utama I K A P , Aryawan W D , Rulaningtyas R , Thomas G A
Published: September 2020

Estimating shaft power of a crew boat is very important to be analysed because it has high-speed operational characteristics along with limited routes. To understand the phenomena, 3 sister crew-boats with operational distance about 40-60 nautical miles every day are investigated. The daily operational time is 8 hours and the configurations are: 4.04% full speed, 13.63% economical speed, 1.81% slow speed, 7.65% snatching, 1.25% manoeuvring, 5.29% idle, and the remaining time is in standby condition.

The crew boats are fitted with a monitoring system namely SHIMOS®, in which data is sent to a server in the centre office every 2 minutes. The data consists of time capture, boat position (latitude and longitude), speed, left and right RPM engine, left and right flow-meter data engine, and average of fuel consumption data in everyday operation. Three years of data has been collected for the vessel.

The present study proposed characteristics of crew-boat shaft power, which affected by external factors using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) back propagation method and optimisation in 4 hidden layers and 40 neurons with relative error 6.2%. The results demonstrates good agreement with previous popular method that using statistical models.
Effect of Wavy Leading Edge with Various Aspect Ratios on a Rectangular Wing
Authors: Rohmawati I , Arai H , Mutsuda H , Nakashima T , Doi Y
Published: September 2020

Learning from nature, the humpback whale can swim faster than other baleen whales. The humpback whale has the flipper with wavy leading edges (WLE), which has an improvement of hydrodynamic performance. The WLEs have the function to generate vortices to maintain lift and to prevent stall at high angles of attack. This research aim is to find out the WLE effect on hydrodynamic performance in different wing aspect ratios (AR), whose profile is the rectangular wing of NACA 0018 as a baseline wing. The WLE profile was designed by a sinusoidal function. We focused on steady flow conditions in both the experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental work was conducted in the circular water channel at Hiroshima University, Japan. Meanwhile, the numerical work was employed using RANS simulation with SST k-ω turbulence model. Based on the results, we clarified that the increase of AR could possess a higher lift coefficient (Cl), and then physically interpreted the WLE effect on various aspect ratios. This knowledge could be expanded into the application of eco-friendly energy-saving devices such as fin stabilizers of ships and wind turbines to improve hydrodynamic performance.
Analysis of Seven International Indonesian Hub Ports Policy Development Impact on Shipping and Port Sector
Authors: Nur H I , Achmadi T , Mercy K
Published: September 2020

The Indonesian government has just issued a policy plan of international hub port location, Integrated Port Network (IPN) to suppressing logistic cost. This study examines the IPN impact on shipping and port sectors by the total cost. The methods used in this research are set covering problem and cost comparison between transshipment in Singapore and directly shipped containers through the hub ports. As a result, IPN will be able to decrease the cost of logistics by 8%, which is the total cost of 9,220 billion.Rp/year. The current ships used are 1,500–2,500 TEUs. Meanwhile, the largest ship size by the IPN concept is to 3,000TEUs and the smallest is 300TEUs, the greatest number of ships is on the Priok-Port of Singapore route as many as 14 units. On the port sector, not all designated ports are able to accommodate and serve the 2,000 TEU ships due to the facilities and port infrastructure. At least it costs Rp 1.183 trillion-Rp so that the concept of 7 hub ports can be implemented. After the implementation of IPN will cause a potential loss for both Tj Priok and Tj Perak. On the contrary, IPN will increase the potential throughput of the Kijing, Makassar, Bitung, and Sorong.
Determination of Business Port Terminal Value Using Income Approach
Authors: Wedana Y A , Gunarta I K
Published: September 2020

Under PT X’s long-term plan to increase the company’s value, PT X plans to acquire one of PT Y’s container terminal business units. The acquisition requires several stages of the process from due diligence to estimation of the acquisition value obtained from the valuation results. Business valuation as a critical stage is a process to produce an opinion or an estimate of the fair value of a company. The results of the business appraisal can then be used in investment \ decision making, generally for business development, mergers, and acquisitions. There are 3 (three) approaches in conducting business valuation, namely asset-based approach, market-based approach, and income-based approach. This research will focus on the company’s acquisition plan using income approach (income-based approach). This approach is used by considering the going concern assumption, or the business that is being assessed will continue to run and generate revenue. Two methods can be used to determine the value of a business in income approach (Income-based approach), namely the method of income capitalization (capitalized of income method) and discounted cash flow method (discounted cash flow). This study aims to determine the business value of PT Y’s container terminal business unit and the maximum acquisition value used as a consideration in the acquisition. This research uses an income-based approach with a discounted cash flow (DCF) method. The making of financial models begins with making a profit and loss terminal container service projection, then the free cash flow calculation is performed. Furthermore, based on the free cash flow that has been calculated with a discount rate from the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) which provides the total value of all company capital, the company value that represents the value of the container terminal unit is Rp. 9,171,633,437,067. To find out the maximum acquisition value obtained by calculating the company’s return on investment that refers to the cost of capital of PT X. To get a positive rate of return, the IRR value must be greater than the WACC. Under the calculations, the maximum acquisition price of Rp. 7,500,000,000,000 (IRR 9.66%) with a WACC value of PT X of 7.6%. The results of this calculation become material in the acquisition process with PT Y as the owner of the container terminal.
Analysis of the Application of Silica Gel and Iron Powder in Fuel Tank Storage to Reduce Biodiesel Degradation Rate
Authors: Fathallah A Z M , Alami N H , Muzaffar R C
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of using silica gel and iron powder to inhibit the degradation rate of biodiesel. The method used in this study was an experiment of biodiesel storage for 8 weeks. In this research, an acid number test and bacterial TPC test will be used as a parameter to measure the degradation rate of biodiesel. From this study, it is known that the use of silica gel and iron powder can reduce the rate of degradation of biodiesel and can reduce bacterial growth. This is evidenced by decreasing the degradation rate to 46% in the use of silica gel and iron powder with composition 3.2 g / l silica gel and 2.4 g / l iron powder. while in tank 7 (control) experienced the highest increase of up to 112%. In testing TPC bacteria it is known that in tank 2 which has decreased by 99.8%. while in tank 7 there was an increase in the number of bacteria by 37.6%.
Soft sample deformation, damage and induced electromechanical property changes in contact- and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy
Authors: Saadi M A S R , Uluutku Berkin , Parvini Cameron H , Solares Santiago D
Published: September 2020

Probe-induced soft sample damage in atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as the resulting alteration of local mechanical and electrical properties of the material are explored, specifically comparing contact-mode and intermittent-contact-mode imaging methods. In our experiments, performed on conductive polymer films, induced changes are present in contact-mode imaging while they are negligible or absent in tapping-mode imaging. To understand this result, a viscoelastic parameter extraction is performed, which suggests that permanent sample deformation can readily occur for tip-sample interactions with a duration on the timescale of contact-mode interactions. Using the extracted viscoelastic parameters, a dynamic AFM simulation is conducted, which suggests that the material responds more elastically with reduced or absent sample damage in tapping-mode AFM, due to the higher rate of mechanical deformation and shorter timescales.
Rationing care in COVID-19: if we must do it, can we do better?
Authors: Rockwood Kenneth
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a proposal for frailty to be used as a rationing criterion. This commentary suggests circumstances under which that is defensible: in the face of lack of capacity to treat everyone, and as an alternative to age in stratifying risk. How best to stratify risk is likely to evolve and may include information about illness severity and dynamic measures. Current research must focus on mobilizing better, COVID-19-specific prognostic information, with a goal of best discriminating which lives are most and least likely to be saved should scarcity of resources dictate that not everyone can receive critical care.
Social Cognition Tests Can Discriminate Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia From Alzheimer’s Disease Independently of Executive Functioning
Authors: Moura Millena Vieira Brandão , Mariano Luciano Inácio , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Caramelli Paulo , de Souza Leonardo Cruz
Published: September 2020

Objective

To investigate the accuracy of the Social and Emotional Assessment-short version (Mini-SEA) to differentiate subgroups of behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) defined according to executive performance.

Methods

bvFTD (n = 21), AD (n = 20), and healthy controls (HC, n = 23) underwent the Mini-SEA, comprising the Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT) and the faux-pas test. AD and bvFTD patients were classified according to their performance in the Frontal Assessment Battery into dysexecutive and nondysexecutive subgroups.

Results

The area under the curve (AUC) values for the faux-pas test were 0.87 (dysexecutive-bvFTD vs. dysexecutive-AD) and 0.96 (non-dysexecutive-bvFTD vs. nondysexecutive-AD). The AUC values for FERT were 0.99 (dysexecutive-bvFTD vs. dysexecutive-AD) and 0.65 (nondysexecutive-bvFTD vs. nondysexecutive-AD); the AUC values for the Mini-SEA (total-score) were 0.95 (dysexecutive-bvFTD vs. dysexecutive-AD) and 0.88 (nondysexecutive-bvFTD vs. nondysexecutive-AD).

Discussion

Social Cognition tests accurately distinguish bvFTD from AD regardless of the executive profile.
The role of boundary length and adjacent patch contrast in guppy mate choice
Authors: Sibeaux Adélaïde , Camduras Thomas , Endler John A
Published: September 2020

The presence of various combinations of adjacent colors within polymorphic species’ color pattern could have a major impact on mate choice. We studied the role of pattern geometry in predicting mate choice in guppies using boundary strength analysis (BSA). BSA estimates the visual contrast intensity between two adjacent color patches (ΔS) weighted by the lengths of the boundaries between these adjacent color patches. We measured both the chromatic (hue and saturation) and achromatic (luminance) ΔS for each pair of adjacent patches. For each male’s color pattern, we measured BSA as both mean (mΔS) and coefficient of variation (cvΔS) of all ΔS weighted by their corresponding boundary lengths. We also determined if specific color patch boundaries had an impact on female preferences and whether these predicted overall male contrast (mΔS). We found that males with a higher mΔS were more attractive to females and that six boundaries containing either fuzzy black or black as one of the pair colors significantly affected female preferences, indicating that 1) females favored highly conspicuous males and 2) melanin-based patches could be used as a signal amplifier, not only for orange but for other colors.
The qBED track: a novel genome browser visualization for point processes
Authors: Moudgil Arnav , Li Daofeng , Hsu Silas , Purushotham Deepak , Wang Ting , Mitra Robi D
Published: September 2020

Transposon calling cards is a genomic assay for identifying transcription factor binding sites in both bulk and single cell experiments. Here, we describe the qBED format, an open, text-based standard for encoding and analyzing calling card data. In parallel, we introduce the qBED track on the WashU Epigenome Browser, a novel visualization that enables researchers to inspect calling card data in their genomic context. Finally, through examples, we demonstrate that qBED files can be used to visualize non-calling card datasets, such as Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion scores and GWAS/eQTL hits, and thus may have broad utility to the genomics community.

Availability and implementation

The qBED track is available on the WashU Epigenome Browser (http://epigenomegateway.wustl.edu/browser), beginning with version 46. Source code for the WashU Epigenome Browser with qBED support is available on GitHub (http://github.com/arnavm/eg-react and http://github.com/lidaof/eg-react). A complete definition of the qBED format is available as part of the WashU Epigenome Browser documentation (https://eg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tracks.html#qbed-track). We have also released a tutorial on how to upload qBED data to the browser (http://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bca8ishw).
A systems-biology model of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interactions with TNF receptor 1 and 2
Authors: Prada Juan Pablo , Wangorsch Gaby , Kucka Kirstin , Lang Isabell , Dandekar Thomas , Wajant Harald
Published: September 2020

Motivation

Clustering enables TNF receptors to stimulate intracellular signaling. The differential soluble ligand-induced clustering behavior of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 was modeled. A structured, rule-based model implemented ligand-independent pre-ligand binding assembly domain (PLAD)-mediated homotypic low affinity interactions of unliganded and liganded TNF receptors.

Results

Soluble TNF initiates TNFR1 signaling but not TNFR2 signaling despite receptor binding unless it is secondarily oligomerized. We consider high affinity binding of TNF to signaling-incompetent pre-assembled dimeric TNFR1 and TNFR2 molecules and secondary clustering of liganded dimers to signaling competent ligand–receptor clusters. Published receptor numbers, affinities and measured different activities of clustered receptors validated model simulations for a large range of receptor and ligand concentrations. Different PLAD–PLAD affinities and different activities of receptor clusters explain the observed differences in the TNF receptor stimulating activities of soluble TNF.

Availability and implementation

All scripts and data are in manuscript and supplement at Bioinformatics online.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Practice-derived data on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant therapy to complement observations from randomized trials
Authors: Domek Magdalena , Gumprecht Jakub , Ding Wern Yew , Lip Gregory Y H , Lane Deirdre A
Published: September 2020

Anticoagulation is fundamental in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study aims to provide a comparative review of the major phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and real-world data (RWD) from reliable, high-grade Phase IV studies that assess the efficacy and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Observational studies based on nationwide or health insurance database records on the use of NOACs vs. VKAs in patients with AF were included. We performed a comparison of the efficacy and safety characteristics associated with NOACs vs. VKAs in RCTs and RWD. Although RCTs provide strong support for evidence-based practice, RWD may be used to reflect the broader picture of various clinical settings, provide supplementary insight and fulfil knowledge gaps. Both study types confirmed the safety and efficacy of NOACs in preventing stroke and thromboembolism in patients with AF. In comparison to VKAs, NOACs were associated with reduced risk of ischaemic events and lower rates of adverse events such as major bleeding or intracranial haemorrhage. Administration of NOACs might be associated with increased risk of dose-related gastrointestinal bleeding and myocardial ischaemic events, especially in the early treatment period after switching from VKAs. Special care should be taken in challenging clinical situations like severe renal or hepatic impairment when the treatment regimen needs to be considered individually. Randomized clinical trial and RWD studies are complementary and present comparable findings, affirming that NOACs are safe and effective for anticoagulation of patients with AF in daily clinical practice.
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants therapy for atrial fibrillation patients undergoing electrophysiologic procedures
Authors: Steffel Jan
Published: September 2020

Over the last 10 years since the introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) into routine clinical practice our experience with these drugs has increased tremendously, also in the context of patients undergoing electrophysiology procedures. While some open questions remain, the available evidence indicates that for the majority of cases, these interventions can safely be performed on NOACs if study-based standard operating procedures are in place and followed. This review summarizes the most current trial evidence and guidelines on the use of NOACs for patients undergoing cardioversion, atrial fibrillation ablation, and device implantations, based on previous work of the author and others.
The importance of adherence and persistence in the elderly atrial fibrillation patient
Authors: Hylek Elaine M
Published: September 2020

Older adults with atrial fibrillation are at the highest risk of ischaemic stroke yet are the least likely to be prescribed anticoagulant therapy, adhere to this therapy, and maintain long-term persistence with this therapy. The reasons for this under treatment are multifactorial and include patient-driven factors, physician-driven factors, medical system complexities, and current unknowns regarding the biology and natural history of AF. Understanding these challenges to stroke prevention and addressing identified barriers to medication adherence and persistence in this vulnerable age group will improve outcomes related to AF.
Black women, separation allowances and citizenship in the French Caribbean during the First World War
Authors: Joseph Michael
Published: September 2020

Historians of the First World War have shown great interest in the logics of gender and citizenship that governed the payment of separation allowances to soldiers’ dependants and the ways in which these allowances structured subsequent European welfare regimes. Using the specific case of the French Caribbean, this article brings together two comparatively understudied dimensions of this history: the wartime legislation’s implementation and the colonial context. It explores how discourses around race and labour, which had evolved in the context of emancipation and its aftermath, resonated with the assumptions encoded in the legislation. It then examines how Black Caribbean women mobilized to push back against the exclusions which followed. In so doing, it speaks to Black women’s interventions in the political life of the Third Republic to resist their exclusion from the emerging French welfare state.
Caregiver Well-Being and Burden: Variations by Race/Ethnicity and Care Recipient Nativity Status
Authors: Moon Heehyul E , Haley William E , Rote Sunshine M , Sears Jeanelle S
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives

Despite growing diversity among the aging population and extensive previous research on racial/ethnic minority caregivers, little research has been conducted on the potentially unique experiences and outcomes of informal caregivers of foreign-born care recipients. Using nationally representative data and the Stress Process Model, the current study examined the differences in caregiver outcomes (care burden, psychological well-being, and self-rated health) by care recipient nativity status (U.S.-born vs. foreign-born) and the extent to which caregiver outcomes vary by care recipient nativity status and caregiver race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and Others).

Research Design and Methods

The current study used Round 5 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study and the National Study of Caregiving (N = 1,436). We conducted ordinary least squares regression to analyze the differences in caregiver’s outcomes by care recipient nativity status and caregiver race/ethnicity and to investigate the impacts of the inclusion of caregiving factors (background factors, primary stressors, secondary stressors, and resources).

Results

Regression analyses showed that only care burden significantly varied by care recipient nativity status after controlling for covariates. Caregivers of foreign-born care recipients reported a higher burden. However, when interactions of care recipient nativity status × caregiver race/ethnicity were introduced, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic caregivers of foreign-born care recipients were more likely to report better psychological well-being and self-rated health compared to their counterparts. Across caregiver groups, better caregiver–care recipient relationship quality and less caregiver chronic conditions were associated with less burden and better caregiver psychological well-being and self-rated health.

Discussion and Implications

Care recipient nativity status and caregiver race/ethnicity may have complex effects on caregiving experiences. Given the observed significant interaction effects for caregiver psychological well-being and self-rated health, cultural factors may affect the extent to which these caregivers appraise their caregiving. Future research should delve into the appropriate ways to assess care stress as well as resilience among each caregiver group. Our results indicate the need for research, education, and practice that assess cultural and within-group differences among caregivers and inform needed changes to structural barriers.
9. Sex Discrimination and Equality Law
Authors: Foster Nigel
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary, and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. This chapter presents sample exam questions along with examiner’s tips, answer plans, and suggested answers about EU law on sex discrimination and equality. The questions have been divided into a general question on the inclusion of sex discrimination provision in the first place; problem questions on aspects of equal pay and equal treatment; an essay question on a specific development in this area of law, which considers the overlapping area of pay and pensions and a problem on pregnancy-related matters; and an essay question on the expansion of areas protected by equality legislation.
3. The Three Certainties and Formalities
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This book offers advice on what to expect in exams and how best to prepare. This chapter covers questions on the three certainties and formalities.
5. Trusts, Powers, and Discretionary Trusts
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This book offers advice on what to expect in exams and how best to prepare. This chapter covers questions on trusts, powers, and discretionary trusts.
7. Trusts of Imperfect Obligation
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This book offers advice on what to expect in exams and how best to prepare. This chapter covers questions on trusts of imperfect obligation.
13. Breach of Trust
Authors: Malcolm Rosalind
Published: September 2020

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This book offers advice on what to expect in exams and how best to prepare. This chapter covers questions on breach of trusts.
2. Nullity
Authors: Heenan Susan , Heenan Anna
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter, which focuses on nullity as a way of terminating marriage or civil partnership, first explains the difference between nullity and divorce on one hand, and between a void marriage and a non-marriage on the other. It then considers the grounds on which a marriage may be void and voidable in England and Wales under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, as well the grounds on which a civil partnership may be void and voidable under the Civil Partnership Act 2004. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the future of nullity.
4. Strict liability
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses the crime of strict liability. A strict liability offence is one which does not require mens rea in respect of at least one element of the actus reus. Strict liability is often referred to as no-fault liability. Strict liability is very rare at common law. Where a statute is silent as to mens rea, the judge must interpret the provision to decide if the offence has mens rea (the starting point) or is one of strict liability. There is a debate about whether the imposition of criminal liability in the absence of proof of fault can be justified.
9. Inchoate offences
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses inchoate offences. Inchoate offences are where the full offence is not completed. The reason that the law fixes liability on defendants who have not fulfilled the full offence is to punish those who are willing to be involved in criminality even where the full offence is not, for one reason or another, completed. The law governing all inchoate offences is in a state of flux; the common law offence of incitement was replaced with new offences under the Serious Crime Act 2007. The law governing conspiracy and attempts was the subject of a Law Commission Report in December 2009.
3. The constitution of the company
Authors: Roach Lee
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses the company constitution. A company’s constitution consists primarily of the articles of association and agreements and resolutions affecting the company’s constitution. The constitution forms a statutory contract between the company and its members, and between the members themselves, but only those provisions relating to membership rights will constitute terms of the statutory contract. A company can alter its articles by passing a special resolution, although statute and the common law restrict a company’s ability to alter its articles.
5. Members
Authors: Roach Lee
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on one of the vital roles played by members of a company, namely their ability to make decisions. A significant amount of power is placed into the hands of members and numerous key decisions are reserved for them alone. This chapter looks at the rules by which general meetings are run and discusses the effectiveness of the general meeting.
7. Capital and capital maintenance
Authors: Roach Lee
Published: September 2020

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter discusses the two principal types of capital that companies acquire: share capital (capital obtained by selling shares) and debt capital (capital borrowed from others). Having obtained share capital through the selling of shares, the law requires that the company ‘maintain’ that capital by not distributing it in unauthorized ways, notably by prohibiting companies from returning capital to the shareholders prior to liquidation.