bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Experiencias de Recuperación en trabajadores argentinos.
Authors: Trógolo Mario , Morera Luis , Castellano Estanislao Joaquín , Spontón Carlos , Medrano Leonardo Adrián
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en examinar las propiedades psicométricas del “Cuestionario de Experiencias de Recuperación” para su uso en Argentina. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 505 trabajadores provenientes del sector público, privado y organizaciones no gubernamentales. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenciaron que un modelo de cuatro factores ─distanciamiento psicológico del trabajo, relajación, búsqueda de retos y control sobre el tiempo libre─ presentó un buen ajuste a los datos. Por lo tanto, el cuestionario mantiene la misma estructura que la escala original. Los análisis de confiabilidad mostraron que la escala posee una adecuada consistencia interna (α = .75 - .92) y fiabilidad de constructo (H = .88 - .93). Se obtuvieron correlaciones teóricamente esperadas con medidas de burnout, work engagement y afecto negativo, aportando de esta manera evidencias externas de validez concurrente. En conclusión, la escala posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para ser utilizada en el contexto argentino, permitiendo disponer de un instrumento confiable que permite profundizar el conocimiento sobre la recuperación y brindando una herramienta valiosa para la práctica profesional.

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire in Argentina. Five-hundred and five workers from public, private and non-governmental sectors participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor model has acceptable fit to the data. Thus, as the original scale, the Argentinean validation maintain the four recovery experiences—psychological detachment from work, relaxation, mastery experiences and control over leisure time. Reliability analyses showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ranging from .75 to .92) and construct reliability (coefficient H ranging from .88 to .93) for all subscales. Correlations theoretically expected with measures of work engagement, burnout and negative affect supported for concurrent validity. Thus, the Recovery Experience Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties for its use in Argentina, make available a reliable instrument that allows deepening knowledge about recovery and providing a valuable tool for professional practice.
Diferencias de personalidad y en variables psicológicas relacionadas con el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
Authors: Castejón Martínez María Ángeles , Berengüi Rosendo
Published: December 2019

Determinadas variables psicológicas y la personalidad son consideradas como factores predisponentes o influyentes para el posterior desarrollo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, así como también la puesta en práctica de determinados comportamientos de riesgo, como los atracones, vómitos o la práctica de ejercicio físico excesivo para la pérdida de peso. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las diferencias en personalidad y variables psicológicas relevantes relacionadas con los TCA, en mujeres y hombres, a partir del cumplimiento de criterios específicos a partir de los cuales se recomienda la derivación a un especialista en patologías alimentarias. En el estudio participaron 604 estudiantes universitarios, y se emplearon el Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3) y su cuestionario de remisión (EDI-3 RF), y el Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Los resultados mostraron que hasta el 58.5% de mujeres y 49.5% de hombres cumplen criterios de remisión. Tanto en mujeres como en hombres, existen diferencias entre los grupos con criterios y quienes no los presentan, principalmente en neuroticismo, obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia, insatisfacción corporal y ascetismo. Las puntuaciones en el factor neuroticismo y en la gran mayoría de escalas psicológicas son también superiores en los sujetos que cumplen con mayor número de criterios.

Certain psychological variables and personality are considered as predisposing or influential factors for the subsequent development of eating disorders. Also the implementation of some risk behaviors, such as binge eating, vomiting or excessive physical exercise for weight loss. The objective of the study was to compare the differences in personality and relevant psychological variables related to eating disorders, in women and men, based on compliance with specific criteria to help identify individuals with potential eating disorders. Participants were 604 university students. The Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and referral form (EDI-3 RF), and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were used. The results showed that up to 58.5% of women and 49.5% of men met remission criteria. In both women and men, there are differences between groups with criteria and those who do not, mainly in neuroticism, drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction and asceticism. The scores in the neuroticism factor and in the great majority of psychological scales are also higher in the subjects that accomplish the highest number of criteria.
Development and validation of the Teaching Styles Inventory for Higher Education (TSIH)
Authors: Abello Diana Margarita , Alonso Tapia Jesús , Panadero Calderón Ernesto
Published: December 2019

El Estilo de enseñanza se entiende como la forma particular de enseñar del docente, influyendo en la motivación, el aprendizaje y el rendimiento. El articulo presenta el estudio sobre la validez estructural del Inventario de estilo de enseñanza para educación superior (IEE). Para el estudio se emplearon datos de 3312 estudiantes universitarios, los cuales fueron procesados mediante técnicas confirmatorias para determinar el ajuste de la estructura de los datos a tres modelos alternativos. Para el análisis de los datos la muestra fue dividida de forma aleatoria en 8 submuestras; los análisis principales se llevaron a cabo con una estas y posteriormente se realizó un análisis de validación cruzada con los distintos subgrupos. Finalmente se acepta el modelo 3 el cual índices de ajuste (χ2=1284.13, df =346, P=<0.001, χ2/df=3.7, TLI=0.96, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.079) y fiabilidad adecuados El modelo da cuenta de cuatro dimensiones bipolares: interacción profesor-alumno (ω=0,94), negociación en la toma de decisiones (ω=0,94), estructuración de la enseñanza (ω=0,96) y control del comportamiento(ω=0,93). Estas dimensiones están relacionadas positivamente, lo que permite definir el estilo de enseñanza como una dimensión de segundo orden. Se concluye que el cuestionario, reúne los requisitos para ser utilizado con fines aplicados y de investigación.

Teaching style is conceptualized as the teacher’s specific instructional approach that influences students’ motivation, learning, and performance. The main aim of this study is to explore the sources of structural validity of the of the Teaching Styles Inventory for Higher Education (TSIHE) using confirmatory techniques. A total of 3312 university students participated in the study. Data were analyzed using confirmatory techniques to find the adjustment of their structure to four alternative models. For the analyses, data were randomly divided into eight sub-groups. The first subgroup was employed to test the goodness of fit of the tested model. Subsequently, a cross-validation analysis was performed with the eight subgroups. The bifactor model showed the best fit indexes: (χ2 = 782.75, df = 322, p < .001, χ2/df = 2.44, TLI = .98, CFI = .98, RMSEA = .058). Its scales also present high reliability values. The questionnaire assesses a bipolar general factor, the teaching style, (ω = .99), and four dimen-sions, also bipolar: teacher-student interaction (ω = .97), decision-making negotiation (ω = .96), teaching structuring (ω = .96) and behavioral control (ω = .96). It was concluded that the questionnaire presents appropriate psychometrical properties to use for research and practical purposes.
Om moskéer og medborgerskab
Authors: Jensen Pernille Friis
Published: December 2019

Ligesom i resten af Europa er moskéer i Danmark ud over at være et rum for religiøs forsamling og udøvelse et sted, hvor forskellige sociale aktiviteter finder sted; aktiviteter, der baserer sig på frivilligt arbejde og til trods for en udbredt etnisk homogenitet bygger bro til det omkringliggende samfund. Med fokus på kvinders brug af og aktivisme i moskéer diskuterer denne artikel moskéers potentiale for at styrke medborgerskab blandt dens brugere gennem deltagelse i aktiviteter og frivilligt arbejde. Artiklen fremhæver desuden motiver bag muslimske kvinders moskédeltagelse såvel som de faktorer, der promoverer og/eller hindrer socialt engagement både i og uden for moskéen. Analysen baserer sig på 25 kvalitative interviews med kvinder, der er aktive i moskéer i Danmark, samt samtaler med moskérepræsentanter og observationer i 19 moskéer rundt om i landet. Med afsæt i empiriske eksempler argumenterer jeg for, at moskéer i Danmark har potentiale til at fungere som et vindue til aktivt medborgerskab, interreligiøst engagement og politisk aktivitet for deres brugere.
Single cell transcriptional signatures of the human placenta in term and preterm parturition
Authors: Pique-Regi Roger , Romero Roberto , Tarca Adi L , Sendler Edward D , Xu Yi , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Leng Yaozhu , Luca Francesca , Hassan Sonia S , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy
Published: December 2019

More than 135 million births occur each year; yet, the molecular underpinnings of human parturition in gestational tissues, and in particular the placenta, are still poorly understood. The placenta is a complex heterogeneous organ including cells of both maternal and fetal origin, and insults that disrupt the maternal-fetal dialogue could result in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. There is limited knowledge of the cell type composition and transcriptional activity of the placenta and its compartments during physiologic and pathologic parturition. To fill this knowledge gap, we used scRNA-seq to profile the placental villous tree, basal plate, and chorioamniotic membranes of women with or without labor at term and those with preterm labor. Significant differences in cell type composition and transcriptional profiles were found among placental compartments and across study groups. For the first time, two cell types were identified: 1) lymphatic endothelial decidual cells in the chorioamniotic membranes, and 2) non-proliferative interstitial cytotrophoblasts in the placental villi. Maternal macrophages from the chorioamniotic membranes displayed the largest differences in gene expression (e.g. NFKB1) in both processes of labor; yet, specific gene expression changes were also detected in preterm labor. Importantly, several placental scRNA-seq transcriptional signatures were modulated with advancing gestation in the maternal circulation, and specific immune cell type signatures were increased with labor at term (NK-cell and activated T-cell signatures) and with preterm labor (macrophage, monocyte, and activated T-cell signatures). Herein, we provide a catalogue of cell types and transcriptional profiles in the human placenta, shedding light on the molecular underpinnings and non-invasive prediction of the physiologic and pathologic parturition.
Quantitative estimation of wastewater quality parameters by hyperspectral band screening using GC, VIP and SPA
Authors: Xing Zheng , Chen Junying , Zhao Xiao , Li Yu , Li Xianwen , Zhang Zhitao , Lao Congcong , Wang Haifeng
Published: December 2019

Water pollution has been hindering the world’s sustainable development. The accurate inversion of water quality parameters in sewage with visible-near infrared spectroscopy can improve the effectiveness and rational utilization and management of water resources. However, the accuracy of spectral models of water quality parameters is usually prone to noise information and high dimensionality of spectral data. This study aimed to enhance the model accuracy through optimizing the spectral models based on the sensitive spectral intervals of different water quality parameters. To this end, six kinds of sewage water taken from a biological sewage treatment plant went through laboratory physical and chemical tests. In total, 87 samples of sewage water were obtained by adding different amount of pure water to them. The raw reflectance (Rraw) of the samples were collected with analytical spectral devices. The Rraw-SNV were obtained from the Rraw processed with the standard normal variable. Then, the sensitive spectral intervals of each of the six water quality parameters, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), NH3-N, the total dissolved substances (TDS), total hardness (TH) and total alkalinity (TA), were selected using three different methods: gray correlation (GC), variable importance in projection (VIP) and set pair analysis (SPA). Finally, the performance of both extreme learning machine (ELM) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was investigated based on the sensitive spectral intervals. The results demonstrated that the model accuracy based on the sensitive spectral ranges screened through different methods appeared different. The GC method had better performance in reducing the redundancy and the VIP method was better in information preservation. The SPA method could make the optimal trade-offs between information preservation and redundancy reduction and it could retain maximal spectral band intervals with good response to the inversion parameters. The accuracy of the models based on varied sensitive spectral ranges selected by the three analysis methods was different: the GC was the highest, the SPA came next and the VIP was the lowest. On the whole, PLSR and ELM both achieved satisfying model accuracy, but the prediction accuracy of the latter was higher than the former. Great differences existed among the optimal inversion accuracy of different water quality parameters: COD, BOD and TN were very high; TA relatively high; and TDS and TH relatively low. These findings can provide a new way to optimize the spectral model of wastewater biochemical parameters and thus improve its prediction precision.
Trend and Instability in Area, Production and Productivity of Food Grains in Haryana Vis-A-Vis India
Authors: . Nisha , . Baishali , Nain Mohit , Aneja D. R. , . Sanjeev
Published: December 2019

The Presented study is an attempt to examine the trend and instability in area, production and productivity of food grain crops in Haryana and India during period 1966-67 to 2012-13 and five sub periods i.e. P-I (1966-67 to 1975-76), P-II (1976-77 to 1985-86), P-III (1986-87 to 1995-96), P-IV (1996-97 to 2005-06) and  P-V (2006-07 to 2012-13). The study is based on secondary data. The study reveals positive trends in area, production and yield of food grains for both Haryana and India. Production in Haryana and India increased mainly due to increase in yield. Similar results have been obtained on triennium bases. In Haryana, area, production and yield have shown positive growth rates in all the periods and the overall period except for area in Period-III, IV and V. In the case of India positive growth rates has obtained for production and yield of food grains while area has shown negative trend in Periods III, IV, V and entire period under study. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) in respect of the three components i.e. area, production and productivity of total food grains found to be higher in Haryana as compared to India in all the periods and the overall period except for yield in period-III, yield and production in period-IV and yield in Period-V. Similar results have been obtained for the instability indices.
A potência crítico-criativa do humor e do riso na educação
Authors: Corrêa Guilherme Torres
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o humor e o riso como uma dimensão possível, quiçá necessária, do processo educativo, sobretudo por sua potência crítico-criativa. Acreditamos que essa potência reside não só em sua qualidade de tornar o processo educativo mais leve e agradável, mas especialmente em sua capacidade de fazer vacilar o estabelecido (a sociedade capitalista), o sedimentado (a cultura burguesa), criando, assim, aberturas, deslocamentos e rupturas no seio do real, da ordem social e pedagógica vigente.

 
A intensa militância de Gramsci: uma ênfase aos escritos políticos.
Authors: Lima Wanderson Pereira
Published: December 2019

Este estudo, fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, tem o objetivo de apresentar mesmo que de maneira introdutória, a intensa militância de Gramsci no momento áureo de sua função como ativista político, sobretudo atuando com intuito de constituir a consciência unitária da classe trabalhadora – principalmente a união entre os operários do norte e os camponeses do sul – com vistas à revolução comunista na Itália, enfatizando seus Escritos Políticos I e II. Esse entusiasmo revolucionário de Gramsci entrou em ebulição entre os anos de 1910 e 1926, período em que atuou como jornalista e que se consolidou como cidadão partidário nas lutas pelas causas proletárias. O Biênio Vermelho anos de 1919-1920 é destacado nesse estudo, devido a grande efervescência política italiana, destacando-se nesse contexto os Conselhos de Fábrica que por sinal era considerado por Gramsci e seus camaradas, forte instrumento visando à revolução. Pode-se concluir que esse ímpeto militante de Gramsci nasceu e cresceu com o próprio, e foi o acompanhando em toda sua vida, seja pela sua condição de homem sardo, seja pelas influências familiares, e/ou seja pela sua vida acadêmica e profissional em Turim, tornando-se notório finalizar expondo o sentimento de serenidade e orgulho de Gramsci por toda uma vida militante.
O tema da ciência na dialética materialista
Authors: Morschbacher Márcia
Published: December 2019

Este artigo analisa tópicos sobre as condições para a inteligibilidade do real pela ciência a partir da dialética materialista. Abordamos, em uma revisão bibliográfica, a estrutura interna da ciência, a unidade entre fenômeno e essência, o modo de produção como a radicação mais profunda da realidade e alguns pressupostos filosóficos da dialética materialista. Concluímos que: a) a realidade pode e deve ser conhecida; b) a necessidade epistemológica da ciência reside na unidade dialética entre fenômeno e essência; c) a ciência demanda a penetração e a reflexão no pensamento da dinâmica objetiva e concreta da realidade, captando sua conexão interna e sua historicidade.
A situação da classe trabalhadora migrante
Authors: Queiroz Janaina Gulart Oliveira , Vendramini Célia Regina
Published: December 2019

O artigo aborda a produção e reprodução da vida de migrantes nordestinos da construção civil que trabalham no Campus central da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC. O objetivo principal é analisar a produção e reprodução da vida de trabalhadores migrantes no contexto das migrações na sociedade capitalista. Três aspectos são abordados, as relações e condições de trabalho, as condições de vida  e a escolarização dos migrantes.
Os reformadores empresariais da educação e o ensino médio no Brasil: interesses e projetos em disputa
Authors: Filho Edson Do Espirito Santo , Lopes Vânia Pereira Moraes , Iora Jacob Alfredo
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem como finalidade abordar a relação entre a Reforma do Ensino Médio no Brasil com os interesses em disputa da formação. Assim, buscou-se compreender o movimento realizado por setores do empresariado ainda na década de 1990, no marco das reformas neoliberais para as políticas educacionais. Realizou-se a análise bibliográfica e documental, para discutir os respectivos alinhamentos destas legislações com as propostas dos reformadores empresariais da educação. A análise aponta como o empresariado organizou-se em torno da Confederação Nacional da Indústria e Movimento Todos Pela Educação com propostas de privatização, publicização da oferta de vagas escolares e flexibilização do currículo.
Entre governos autoritários e aspirações fascistas na atualidade: do contexto internacional ao Brasil
Authors: Severo Ricardo Gonçalves , Estrada Rodrigo Duque , Barcellos Sérgio Botton
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho tem como questão central compreender, como as ações de grupos liberais e conservadores no Brasil, representadas pelo atual governo do país, são influenciadas pelo processo histórico de modernização conservadora nacional e a recente articulação internacional da extrema direita. Para compreender como em um processo capitalista ocorrem versões autoritárias acionaremos Barrington Moore Junior (2010) e Saull (2013;2015;2018), bem como as discussões realizadas por Apple (2006; 2017) e Souza (2017) para analisar a ação de grupos neoliberais, neoconservadores, a nova classe média profissional e populistas autoritários. A partir disso, analisaremos as possíveis relações entre os fascistas históricos e a extrema-direita que atuam em coalizão em diversos países no mundo.

ENTRE LOS GOBIERNOS AUTORITARIOS Y TENDENCIAS FASCISTAS EN LA ACTUALIDAD: DE CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL A BRASIL

Este articulo tiene como pregunta central comprender cómo las acciones de los grupos liberales y conservadores en Brasil, representados por el gobierno actual del Brasil, están influenciados por el proceso histórico de modernización conservadora nacional y la reciente articulación internacional de la extrema derecha. Para comprender cómo en un proceso capitalista se producen versiones autoritarias, recurriremos a Barrington Moore Junior (2010) y Saull (2013; 2015; 2018), así como a las discusiones mantenidas por Apple (2006; 2017) y Souza (2017) para analizar la acción de estos grupos neoliberales, neoconservadores, nuevos profesionales de clase media y populistas autoritarios. A partir de esto, analizaremos las posibles relaciones entre los fascistas históricos y la extrema derecha que actúan en coalición en varios países del mundo.

Palabras clave: extrema derecha; fascismo modernización conservadora; Gobierno brasileño.

BETWEEN AUTHORITARIAN GOVERNMENTS AND THE CURRENT FASCISTS ASPECTS : THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT TO BRAZIL

ABSTRACT

This paper has as its central question to understand how the actions of liberal and conservative groups in Brazil, represented by the current government of the Brazil, are influenced by the historical process of national conservative modernization and the articulation of the extreme right. To understand how in a capitalist process occur an authoritarian versions we will turn on Barrington Moore Junior (2010) and Saull (2013; 2015; 2018), as well as the discussions held by Apple (2006; 2017) and Souza (2017) to analyze the action of neoliberal groups, neoconservatives, new professional middle class and authoritarian populists. From this, we will analyze the possible relations between the historical fascists and the far right that act in coalition in several countries in the world.

Keywords: far right; fascism; conservative modernization; Brazilian government.
A Metal‐Like Conductive Elastomer with a Hierarchical Wrinkled Structure
Authors: Lee Seokmin , Song Yongkwon , Ko Yongmin , Ko Younji , Ko Jongkuk , Kwon Cheong Hoon , Huh June , Kim Sang‐Woo , Yeom Bongjun , Cho Jinhan
Published: December 2019

For the development of wearable electronics, the replacement of rigid, metallic components with fully elastomeric materials is crucial. However, current elastomeric electrodes suffer from low electrical conductivity and poor electrical stability. Herein, a metal‐like conductive elastomer with exceptional electrical performance and stability is presented, which is used to fabricate fully elastomeric electronics. The key feature of this material is its wrinkled structure, which is induced by in situ cooperation of solvent swelling and densely packed nanoparticle assembly. Specifically, layer‐by‐layer assembly of metal nanoparticles and small‐molecule linkers on elastomers generates the hierarchical wrinkled elastomer. The elastomer demonstrates remarkable electrical conductivity (170 000 and 11 000 S cm−1 at 0% and 100% strain, respectively), outperforming previously reported elastomeric electrodes based on nanomaterials. Furthermore, a fully elastomeric triboelectric nanogenerator based on wrinkled elastomeric electrode exhibits excellent electric power generation performance due to the compressible, large contact area of the wrinkled surface during periodic contact and separation.
Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses
Authors: Johnson Candice Y. , Tanz Lauren J. , Lawson Christina C. , Schernhammer Eva S. , Vetter Céline , Rich‐Edwards Janet W.
Published: December 2019

Background

Night shift work is associated with cardiovascular disease, but its associations with cardiovascular disease biomarkers are unclear. We investigated these associations in a study of female nurses.

Methods

We used data from the Nurses’ Health Study II for total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. The sample sizes for our analysis ranged from 458 (fibrinogen) to 3574 (total cholesterol). From questionnaires, we determined the number of night shifts worked in the 2 weeks before blood collection and total years of rotating night shift work. We used quantile regression to estimate differences in biomarker levels by shift work history, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Nurses working 1 to 4 recent night shifts had median HDL cholesterol levels 4.4 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 7.5) lower than nurses without recent night shifts. However, working ≥5 recent night shifts and years of rotating night shift work were not associated with HDL cholesterol. There was no association between recent night shifts and CRP, but median CRP levels were 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.2), 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.4), and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.4) mg/L higher among nurses working rotating night shifts for 1 to 5, 6 to 9, and ≥10 years compared with nurses never working rotating night shifts. These associations were attenuated when excluding postmenopausal women and women taking statins. We observed no associations between night shift work and other biomarkers.

Conclusions

We found suggestive evidence of adverse short‐term and long‐term effects of night shift work on select cardiovascular disease biomarkers.
Cantú syndrome: Findings from 74 patients in the International Cantú Syndrome Registry
Authors: Grange Dorothy K. , Roessler Helen I. , McClenaghan Conor , Duran Karen , Shields Kathleen , Remedi Maria S. , Knoers Nine V. A. M. , Lee Jin‐Moo , Kirk Edwin P. , Scurr Ingrid , Smithson Sarah F. , Singh Gautam K. , van Haelst Mieke M. , Nichols Colin G. , van Haaften Gijs
Published: December 2019

Cantú syndrome (CS), first described in 1982, is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8, which encode the regulatory and pore forming subunits of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, respectively. Multiple case reports of affected individuals have described the various clinical features of CS, but systematic studies are lacking. To define the effects of genetic variants on CS phenotypes and clinical outcomes, we have developed a standardized REDCap‐based registry for CS. We report phenotypic features and associated genotypes on 74 CS subjects, with confirmed ABCC9 variants in 72 of the individuals. Hypertrichosis and a characteristic facial appearance are present in all individuals. Polyhydramnios during fetal life, hyperflexibility, edema, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), cardiomegaly, dilated aortic root, vascular tortuosity of cerebral arteries, and migraine headaches are common features, although even with this large group of subjects, there is incomplete penetrance of CS‐associated features, without clear correlation to genotype.
A Directed Route to Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis of the Copper Selenophosphate Cu3PSe4
Authors: Lee Jennifer M. , Kraynak Leslie A. , Prieto Amy L.
Published: December 2019

The first colloidal nanoparticle synthesis of the copper selenophosphate Cu3PSe4, a promising new material for photovoltaics, is reported. Because the formation of binary copper selenide impurities seemed to form more readily, two approaches were developed to install phosphorus bonds directly: 1) the synthesis of molecular P4Se3 and subsequent reaction with a copper precursor, (P‐Se)+Cu, and 2) the synthesis of copper phosphide, Cu3P, nanoparticles and subsequent reaction with a selenium precursor, (Cu‐P)+Se. The isolation and purification of Cu3P nanoparticles and subsequent selenization yielded phase‐pure Cu3PSe4. Solvent effects and Se precursor reactivities were elucidated and were key to understanding the final reaction conditions.
The Molecular Basis of the Interaction of Cyclophilin A with α‐Synuclein
Authors: Favretto Filippo , Baker Jeremy D. , Strohäker Timo , Andreas Loren B. , Blair Laura J. , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: December 2019

Peptidylprolyl isomerases (PPIases) catalyze cis/trans isomerization of prolines. The PPIase CypA colocalizes with the Parkinson's disease (PD)‐associated protein α‐synuclein in cells and interacts with α‐synuclein oligomers. Herein, we describe atomic insights into the molecular details of the α‐synuclein/CypA interaction. NMR spectroscopy shows that CypA catalyzes isomerization of proline 128 in the C‐terminal domain of α‐synuclein. Strikingly, we reveal a second CypA‐binding site formed by the hydrophobic sequence 47GVVHGVATVA56, termed PreNAC. The 1.38 Å crystal structure of the CypA/PreNAC complex displays a contact between alanine 53 of α‐synuclein and glutamine 111 in the catalytic pocket of CypA. Mutation of alanine 53 to glutamate, as found in patients with early‐onset PD, weakens the interaction of α‐synuclein with CypA. Our study provides high‐resolution insights into the structure of the PD‐associated protein α‐synuclein in complex with the most abundant cellular cyclophilin.
Space‐Confined Atomic Clusters Catalyze Superassembly of Silicon Nanodots within Carbon Frameworks for Use in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Bingjie , Zu Lianhai , Liu Yao , Meng Ruijing , Feng Yutong , Peng Chengxin , Zhu Feng , Hao Tianzi , Ru Jiajia , Wang Yonggang , Yang Jinhu
Published: December 2019

Incorporating nanoscale Si into a carbon matrix with high dispersity is desirable for the preparation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) but remains challenging. A space‐confined catalytic strategy is proposed for direct superassembly of Si nanodots within a carbon (Si NDs⊂C) framework by copyrolysis of triphenyltin hydride (TPT) and diphenylsilane (DPS), where Sn atomic clusters created from TPT pyrolysis serve as the catalyst for DPS pyrolysis and Si catalytic growth. The use of Sn atomic cluster catalysts alters the reaction pathway to avoid SiC generation and enable formation of Si NDs with reduced dimensions. A typical Si NDs⊂C framework demonstrates a remarkable comprehensive performance comparable to other Si‐based high‐performance half LIBs, and higher energy densities compared to commercial full LIBs, as a consequence of the high dispersity of Si NDs with low lithiation stress. Supported by mechanic simulations, this study paves the way for construction of Si/C composites suitable for applications in future energy technologies.
High‐Performance K–CO2 Batteries Based on Metal‐Free Carbon Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Hu Chuangang , Guo Zaiping , Dai Liming
Published: December 2019

Metal–CO2 batteries have attracted much attention owing to their high energy density and use of greenhouse CO2 waste as the energy source. However, the increasing cost of lithium and the low discharge potential of Na–CO2 batteries create obstacles for practical applications of Li/Na–CO2 batteries. Recently, earth‐abundant potassium ions have attracted considerable interest as fast ionic charge carriers for electrochemical energy storage. Herein, we report the first K–CO2 battery with a carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalyst. The battery shows a higher theoretical discharge potential (E⊖=2.48 V) than that of Na–CO2 batteries (E⊖=2.35 V) and can operate for more than 250 cycles (1500 h) with a cutoff capacity of 300 mA h g−1. Combined DFT calculations and experimental observations revealed a reaction mechanism involving the reversible formation and decomposition of P121/c1‐type K2CO3 at the efficient carbon‐based catalyst.
Numerisches Mehrebenen‐Modell für Stahlfaserbeton: Von der Faser‐ zur Bauteilebene
Authors: Gudžulic Vladislav , Neu Gerrit Emanuel , Gebuhr Gregor , Anders Steffen , Meschke Günther
Published: December 2019

Im Beitrag wird die Prognosefähigkeit eines numerischen Mehrebenen‐Modells für stahlfaserverstärkte Betonstrukturen aus hochfestem Beton anhand einer die Faser‐ und die Strukturebene umfassenden Testserie systematisch untersucht. Die experimentelle Studie umfasst Auszugsversuche an Dramix 3D 55/60 und 65/60 Fasern in hochfestem Beton mit unterschiedlichen Einbettungslängen und Neigungen zur Rissfläche auf der Mesoskala sowie Dreipunkt‐Biegezugversuche an gekerbten Balken mit drei stark unterschiedlichen Fasergehalten zur Abbildung des Strukturverhaltens. Das numerische Modell ist derart konzipiert, dass es die direkte Verfolgung des Einflusses der Entwurfsparameter wie Faserart, Faserorientierung, Fasergehalt und Betonfestigkeit auf die Strukturantwort ermöglicht. Hierzu werden Submodelle auf der Ebene der Einzelfaser zu Rissüberbrückungsmodellen in Abhängigkeit von Faserorientierung und Fasergehalt zusammengeführt und zum Zwecke numerischer Strukturanalysen in ein Finite‐Elemente‐Modell integriert. Die Validierung der Modelle für endverankerte Stahlfasern zeigt, dass die wesentlichen Interaktionsmechanismen zwischen Faser und hochfestem Beton für alle untersuchten Fälle (Faserorientierung, Einbettungslängen) wirklichkeitsnah abgebildet werden. Auf der Strukturebene zeigen die Ergebnisse der numerischen Simulationen auf Basis des Faserbetonmodells eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung für alle Fasergehalte, sowohl was die maximale Last als auch das Nachbruchverhalten betrifft.
Board gender diversity and environmental, social, and economic value creation: Does family ownership matter?
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Gyapong Ernest , Ahmed Ammad
Published: December 2019

Prior literature on firm value creation for stakeholders has oversimplified and narrowed the concept of value down to “economic returns.” Although economic returns are fundamental to a firm's core stakeholders (i.e., shareholders), other legitimate stakeholders want “value” beyond economic returns. We define stakeholder value as the financial and nonfinancial returns a firm can offer to its legitimate stakeholders, and empirically investigate whether board gender diversity (BGD) improves our multidimensional measure of value. Using Thomson Reuters' ASSET4 data for U.K.‐listed firms available from Eikon for the period 2007–2017, we report a significant positive relationship between BGD and stakeholder value creation. In particular, BGD increases social and environmental value creation in addition to economic returns. Furthermore, our results suggest that even though gender‐diverse boards are associated with stakeholder value creation in family firms, this is only conspicuous for environmental value creation. The findings suggest that although female directors cater to the interests of broader stakeholder groups, family ownership causes them to mainly focus on environmental stakeholders. The study provides important implications for regulators, stakeholders, and academic scholars.
ALS or ALS mimic by neuroborreliosis—A case report
Authors: Wirsching Isabelle , Ort Nora , Üçeyler Nurcan
Published: December 2019

Comprehensive investigation in motor neuron disease is vital not to miss a treatable differential diagnosis. Neuroborreliosis should be considered during an ALS work‐up. However, false‐positive CSF results do occur, and thus, results should be interpreted carefully in context of all clinical test results.
Surface Properties of Battery Materials Elucidated Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: The Case of Type I Silicon Clathrate
Authors: Tarnev Tsvetan , Wilde Patrick , Dopilka Andrew , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Chan Candace K. , Ventosa Edgar
Published: December 2019

Silicon clathrates have attracted interest as potential anodes for lithium‐ion batteries with unique framework structures. However, very little is known about the surface reactivity and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) properties of clathrates. In this study, operando scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to investigate the effect of pre‐treatment on the formation dynamics and intrinsic properties of the SEI in electrodes prepared from type I Ba8Al16Si30 silicon clathrates. Although X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis does not reveal large changes in SEI composition, it is found through SECM measurements that ball‐milling combined with chemical acid/base etching of the clathrates lead to a more stable and rapidly formed SEI as compared to purely ball‐milled samples, resulting in enhanced coulombic efficiency.
Modified toothpaste application using prepared toothpaste delivering technique increases interproximal fluoride toothpaste delivery
Authors: Satou Ryouichi , Suzuki Seitaro , Takayanagi Atsushi , Yamagishi Atsushi , Sugihara Naoki
Published: December 2019

Objectives

We devised a “prepared toothpaste delivering technique” (PTD technique), a modified the application of toothpaste method for using fluoride toothpaste more effectively. This study aimed to investigate the change in viscosity and fluoride intake into hydroxyapatite of a toothpaste, and deliverability of fluoride toothpaste to the interproximal site with the PTD technique using an interproximal model.

Methods

Eight toothpaste samples were prepared at the following concentrations: ×1.00, ×1.25, ×1.50, ×1.75, ×2.00, ×3.00, ×4.00, and ×5.00. Viscosity of the toothpaste was measured by a Type‐B viscometer. Dissolution rate of toothpaste and fluoride uptake into the hydroxy apatite pellet were analyzed by a fluoride selective electrode. Application paste volume and delivery rate was measured using interproximal model and image analysis software during using a finger brush front (FBF), finger brush back (FBB), and toothbrush.

Results

As the dilution ratio increased, the viscosity of the toothpaste decreased sharply, F uptake decreased, and dissolution rate increased. F uptake was significantly reduced when the toothpaste was diluted more than 1.75 times. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of the fluoride toothpaste, it is important to deliver the toothpaste to interproximal areas and pit clefts at low dilution. It was observed that PTD technique can be effectively implemented by the finger brush.

Conclusions

The use of a FBF surface in the analysis of an acrylic interproximal model could aid in applying pressure while blocking the space of the groove and preventing outflow of the toothpaste. It was considered that the PTD technique would improve the effects of the fluoride toothpaste, especially in the interproximal site.
Bemessung von Porenbeton‐Flachstürzen
Authors: Loderer Franz , Trümer André
Published: December 2019

Flat lintels are an often used and effective method of bridging over wall openings. They consist of a composite system of tension chord and the overlying masonry, which is only considered in regulations in this combined construction. The special features of the construction and design are explained in the present article through the example of aerated concrete flat lintels, with the verification of loadbearing capacity being described and explained based on the latest regulations in technical approvals taking into account the relevant European structural design codes and their national annexes.
Pulse of dissolved organic matter alters reciprocal carbon subsidies between autotrophs and bacteria in stream food webs
Authors: Demars Benoît O. L. , Friberg Nikolai , Thornton Barry
Published: December 2019

Soils are currently leaching out dissolved organic matter (DOM) at an increasing pace due to climate and land use change or recovery from acidification. The implications for stream biogeochemistry and food webs remain largely unknown, notably the metabolic balance (biotic CO2 emissions) and carbon cycling between autotrophs and bacteria. We increased by 12% the flux of DOM in a stream for three weeks to mimic a pulse of natural DOM supply from soils rich in organic matter. We were able to track its fate into the food web through the use of a before and after control impact experimental design and the addition of DOM with a distinctive δ13C signature. We used whole‐stream metabolism to quantify carbon fluxes. Both photosynthesis and heterotrophic respiration increased rapidly following C addition, but this was short lived, likely due to nutrient limitations. Carbon exchange between autotrophs and bacteria in the control stream accounted for about 49% of bacterial production and 37% of net primary production, under stable flow conditions. Net primary production relied partly (19% in the control) on natural allochthonous dissolved organic carbon via the CO2 produced by bacterial respiration, intermingling the green and brown webs. The preferential uptake of labile carbon by bacteria and excess bacterial CO2 relative to nutrients (N, P) for autotrophs shifted the reciprocal carbon exchange between bacteria and autotrophs to a predominantly one‐way carbon flow from bacteria to autotrophs, increasing the C:N:P molar ratios of autotrophs, the latter likely to become less palatable to consumers. The bacterial response to sucrose addition shifted the metabolic balance toward heterotrophy increasing biotic CO2 emissions (+125%), shortened the average distance travelled by a molecule of organic matter (−40%), and thus provided less organic matter of lower quality for downstream ecosystems. Even a small increase in labile dissolved organic matter supply due to climate and land use change could significantly alter in‐stream carbon cycling, with large effects on stream food web and biogeochemistry in small streams draining catchments with soils rich in organic carbon.
Tick control bait box use by Peromyscus spp. influenced by habitat placement but raises questions on disease ecology
Authors: Machtinger Erika T. , Li Andrew Y.
Published: December 2019

White‐footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), and deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus Gloger, are considered important reservoir hosts for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Host‐targeted and nonlethal Select TCS bait boxes have been shown to be effective at killing ticks by delivering small doses of fipronil to wild Peromyscus spp., attracted to the provided bait. This results in reductions in the tick Ixodes scapularis, the vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, in the environment. However, habitat influences on bait box use, interactions with bait boxes, and overall use of bait by small mammals have not been evaluated. These factors may influence the use of this tick control measure. In the current study, bait box use by small mammals was evaluated at five field sites in Maryland, USA, during a two‐year study period. Bait consumption in relation to specific described habitats evaluated at each site was recorded, and bait nutrition was compared to nutrition from common northeastern acorn species. Rodent behavior around bait boxes was analyzed using camera traps as well. Bait boxes were used more frequently in herbaceous and shrub habitats than those placed in areas with bare ground or canopy cover alone. Significant amounts of bait were consumed throughout the study, but in some habitat types bait boxes were not used. The bait was found to be similar to native acorns in energy content, suggesting that it may serve as a supplement for natural foods which may have population dynamic implications. Behavioral analysis suggested that Peromyscus spp. foraged around bait boxes regardless of bait presence, but they did not forage in unbaited boxes as frequently. This may suggest the use of odors alone could be enough for attracting rodents to bait boxes potentially reducing the negative effects of baiting while maintaining protective tick control measures.
Density Functional Theory for Battery Materials
Authors: He Qiu , Yu Bin , Li Zhaohuai , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2019

Batteries are the most widely used energy storage devices, and the lithium‐ion battery is the most heavily commercialized and most widely used battery type in the industry. However, the current rapid development of society requires a major advancement in battery materials to achieve high capacity, long life cycle, low cost, and reliable safety. Therefore, many new efficient energy storage materials and battery systems are being developed and explored, and their working mechanisms must be clearly understood before industrial application. In recent years, density functional theory (DFT) has been employed in the energy storage field and has made significant contributions to the understanding of electrochemical reaction mechanisms and to virtual screening of promising energy storage materials. In this review, the applications of DFT to battery materials are summarized and exemplified by some representative and up‐to‐date studies in the literature. The main focuses in this review include the following: 1) structural stability estimation by cohesive energy, formation energy, Gibbs free energy, and phonon dispersion spectra calculations; 2) the Gibbs free energy calculations for electrochemical reactions, corresponding open‐circuit voltage, and theoretical capacity predictions of batteries; 3) the analyses of molecule orbitals, band structures, density of states (DOS), and charge distribution of battery materials; 4) ion transport kinetics in battery materials; 5) simulations of adsorption processes. We conclude the review with the discussion of the assessments and validation of the popular functionals against several benchmarks, and a few suggestions have been given for the selection of density functionals for battery material systems.
Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 4,7‐Bis‐arylvinyl‐benzo‐2,1,3‐chalcogenodiazoles: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties and Biomolecular Interaction Studies
Authors: Krüger Roberta , Iepsen Bruna , Larroza Allya M. E. , Fronza Mariana G. , Silveira Carolina H. , Bevilacqua Andressa C. , Köhler Mateus H. , Piquini Paulo C. , Lenardão Eder J. , Savegnago Lucielli , Iglesias Bernardo A. , Alves Diego
Published: December 2019

Double Heck cross‐coupling reactions for the synthesis of 4,7‐bis‐arylvinyl‐benzo‐2,1,3‐chalcogenodiazole derivatives starting from 4,7‐dibromobenzo[c][1,2,5]chalcogenodiazoles and functionalized styrenes are described. Compounds were obtained in moderate to excellent yields by using 10 mol‐% of Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst and the reaction scope involved symmetrical and unsymmetrical benzo‐2,1,3‐chalcogenodiazoles. The prepared compounds were investigated regarding their photophysical properties in solution as well as their electrochemical behavior. The findings were corroborated using TD‐DFT calculations. In general, 4,7‐bis‐arylvinyl‐benzo‐2,1,3‐chalcogenodiazoles present strong absorption bands at the UV/Vis region and red emission depending on the substituents. In all derivatives, the HOMO‐LUMO transitions have no significant dependence on the type of chalcogen atom. The oxidation process attributed to the chalcogen atom was observed using electrochemical analysis (CV and DPV techniques). Spectroscopic studies and molecular docking calculations evinced the ability of each 4,7‐bis‐arylvinyl‐benzo‐2,1,3‐chalcogenodiazole derivative to establish interactions with calf‐thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) and human serum albumin (HSA).