bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of the Undercut Area on the Movement Law of Overburden Rock Layers in the Block Caving Method
Authors: Qin Xiushan , Yang Xiaocong , Liang Zhonghao , Cao Hui , Xu Liu
Published: May 2024

We chose to study the bottom structure stress evolution law in the process of undercut area advancement via the block caving method, reveal the influence law of the undercut rate on the effect of the ore body caving process, and assess the floor stress evolution law in the process of the undercut area with a different undercut rate in order to guide the production of a natural disintegration method under horizontal ground stress and also provide some reference value for rock damage assessment. According to the actual engineering and physical parameters of the mine, a numerical simulation model was created by using finite discrete element software GPI-3D-FDEM, and the Neo–Hookean hyperelastic constitutive model was adopted for calculation purposes. The simulation process follows a backward bottoming approach and monitors and analyses the stress state of the substructure after each bottoming step. The indoor physical model is employed to conduct similar two–dimensional simulation experiments on similar materials, investigating the motion laws of overlying rock layers. The research findings indicate that as bottom blasting progresses, a gradual concentration of compressive stress occurs in the foundation structure ahead of the advancing line. If this stress surpasses the rock mass’s shear failure limit, ground pressure failure may ensue. During mineral extraction from the bottom, internal stress within the fractured fault zone significantly diminishes compared to adjacent rock and ore deposits.
The Application of Machine Learning in Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Gao Wei
Published: May 2024

Geotechnical engineering is civil engineering constructed in rock and soil and includes three main types: underground, foundation, and slope engineering [...]
Comparative Analysis of the Numerical Simulation and Measured Data of an Existing Tunnel Subjected to Multiple Disturbances: A Case Study
Authors: Li Haoran , Ye Fei , Han Xingbo , Han Xin
Published: May 2024

As urban underground spaces continue to develop, new engineering projects are increasingly closer to existing operating tunnels. This study focuses on the impact of excavation work, such as a new tunnel or deep excavation, on an existing shield tunnel. However, few studies have examined the simultaneous effects of excavation and over-crossing tunneling on operational tunnels. This paper presents a case study of Section 2 of Hangzhou Metro Line 7, employing MIDAS GTS to simulate the settlement of the existing tunnel and analyze the data collected through automatic measurements. Both methods demonstrated that excavating a foundation pit near the existing tunnel results in the tunnel’s settlement while over-crossing tunneling of the new tunnels leads to the uplift of the existing tunnel. The excavation prompted the existing tunnel to move horizontally toward the foundation pit, whereas over-crossing tunneling pushed it horizontally away. The numerical simulation revealed minor vertical displacement but significant horizontal displacement, aligning closely with the measured data. The impacts of foundation pit excavation and over-crossing tunneling on the vertical and horizontal displacement of existing tunnels are contrary, suggesting that the two construction stages will offset each other.
Hydrogen Deuteride for Cold Neutron Production: A Model for the Double Differential Cross Section
Authors: Guarini Eleonora , DiJulio Douglas D. , Marquez Damian José I. , Bafile Ubaldo , Celli Milva
Published: May 2024

The present work deals with the modeling of the response to neutrons of heteronuclear diatomic liquids, with special interest in the case of hydrogen deuteride (HD), as a possible candidate for the moderation process required in the production of cold neutrons. Preliminary evaluations of the model giving the neutron double differential cross section of a heteronuclear vibrating rotor were performed in the recent past by using, as a first approximation, the ideal gas law for the center-of-mass translational dynamics. Here, the state-of-the-art methodology (based on the use of quantum simulations of the velocity autocorrelation function) for predicting the neutron response of moderately quantum fluids (like molecular hydrogen and deuterium at low temperatures) is applied to the heteronuclear form of this molecular liquid. The unavailability of the double differential cross section experimental data on liquid HD still compels us to test the calculations only at an integral level, i.e., against the only available measurements of the total neutron cross section of HD. Despite the well-tested and parameter-free computational approach, which includes proper consideration of the quantum effects, the present findings on HD indicate the evident need for more accurate measurements of its total cross section in extended ranges of incident energy, as well as of an experimental determination of the double differential cross section of this mild quantum liquid. For further applicative purposes, a very useful by-product of this study is the determination of the self diffusion coefficient D of the HD in the liquid phase.
FAPR: An Adaptive Approach to Link Failure Recovery in SDN with High Speed and Low Interruption Rate
Authors: Qin Haijun , Chen Jue , Qiu Xihe , Zhang Xinyu , Cui Meng
Published: May 2024

Link failures are the most common type of fault in software-defined networking (SDN), which is an extremely crucial aspect of SDN fault tolerance. Existing strategies include proactive and reactive approaches. Proactive schemes pre-deploy backup paths for fast recovery but may exhaust resources, while reactive schemes calculate paths upon failure, resulting in longer recovery but better outcomes. This paper proposes a single link failure recovery strategy that combines these two schemes, termed as flow-aware pro-reactive (FAPR), with the aim of achieving high-speed recovery while ensuring high-quality backup paths. Specifically, the controller adopts pro-VLAN to install backup paths for each link into switches, and precalculates multiple backup paths for each link in the controller before any link failures. In case of a link failure, pro-VLAN, i.e., a method based on the proactive approach, is initially utilized for swift recovery automatically without the involvement of the controller. Simultaneously, the controller analyzes types of affected flows based on the transport layer data, obtains several key network indicators of the backup paths, and then selects the most suitable path for different flows on the basis of the current network view. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that the recovery time of the FAPR scheme reduces by over 65% compared with the reactive scheme. The interruption rate of flows after fault recovery is reduced by 20% and 50% compared with the reactive and proactive schemes, respectively. In addition, due to the principle of pro-VLAN, the number of backup flow rules required is at most 85% less than that required by the proactive scheme. In conclusion, FAPR promises the highest failure recovery speed and the lowest interruption rate among three methods, and helps to improve the quality of network services.
Analysis of Damage Process in a Pre-Notched Rock Specimen: The Synergy between Experimental Results and Simulations Using a Peridynamic Model
Authors: Almeida William Ramires , Tanzi Boris Nahuel Rojo , Birck Gabriel , Iturrioz Ignacio , Lacidogna Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

The mechanical description of the failure of quasi-brittle materials is a challenging task. Rocks, concrete, ceramics, and natural or artificial composites could be considered for this material classification. Several characteristic phenomena appear as emergent global behaviors based on the interaction of many simple elements, such as the effect of size and the interactions between micro-cracks. These are essential features of a complex system. These topics were investigated using acoustic emission techniques and a numerical approach that used a continuum media hypothesis called peridynamics. In this context, a pre-notched concrete specimen was manufactured. A mechanical test was performed to acquire acoustic emission signals. The problem was also simulated using the peridynamic model. The evolution of the damage process, which is presented in terms that go beyond only the global reaction vs. displacement and the evolution of the acoustical emission global parameter, is presented. Finally, the synergy between the experiments and simulations is discussed.
An Interpretable Modular Deep Learning Framework for Video-Based Fall Detection
Authors: Dutt Micheal , Gupta Aditya , Goodwin Morten , Omlin Christian W.
Published: May 2024

Falls are a major risk factor for older adults, increasing morbidity and healthcare costs. Video-based fall-detection systems offer crucial real-time monitoring and assistance. Yet, their deployment faces challenges such as maintaining privacy, reducing false alarms, and providing understandable outputs for healthcare providers. This paper introduces an innovative automated fall-detection framework that includes a Gaussian blur module for privacy preservation, an OpenPose module for precise pose estimation, a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) module to capture frames with significant motion selectively, and a computationally efficient one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) classification module designed to classify these frames. Additionally, integrating a gradient-weighted class activation mapping (GradCAM) module enhances the system’s explainability by visually highlighting the movement of the key points, resulting in classification decisions. Modular flexibility in our system allows customization to meet specific privacy and monitoring needs, enabling the activation or deactivation of modules according to the operational requirements of different healthcare settings. This combination of STFT and 1D-CNN ensures fast and efficient processing, which is essential in healthcare environments where real-time response and accuracy are vital. We validated our approach across multiple datasets, including the Multiple Cameras Fall Dataset (MCFD), the UR fall dataset, and the NTU RGB+D Dataset, which demonstrates high accuracy in detecting falls and provides the interpretability of results.
Design of a Dispersive 1064 nm Fiber Probe Raman Imaging Spectrometer and Its Application to Human Bladder Resectates
Authors: Muñoz-Bolaños Juan David , Shaik Tanveer Ahmed , Miernik Arkadiusz , Popp Jürgen , Krafft Christoph
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a compact Raman spectrometer with a 1064 nm excitation laser coupled with a fiber probe and an inexpensive motorized stage, offering a promising alternative to widely used Raman imaging instruments with 785 nm excitation lasers. The benefits of 1064 nm excitation for biomedical applications include further suppression of fluorescence background and deeper tissue penetration. The performance of the 1064 nm instrument in detecting cancer in human bladder resectates is demonstrated. Raman images with 1064 nm excitation were collected ex vivo from 10 human tumor and non-tumor bladder specimens, and the results are compared to previously published Raman images with 785 nm excitation. K-Means cluster (KMC) analysis is used after pre-processing to identify Raman signatures of control, tumor, necrosis, and lipid-rich tissues. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) groups the KMC centroids of all specimens as input. The tools for data processing and hyperspectral analysis were compiled in an open-source Python library called SpectraMap (SpMap). In spite of lower spectral resolution, the 1064 nm Raman instrument can differentiate between tumor and non-tumor bladder tissues in a similar way to 785 nm Raman spectroscopy. These findings hold promise for future clinical hyperspectral Raman imaging, in particular for specimens with intense fluorescence background, e.g., kidney stones that are discussed as another widespread urological application.
Differentiated Interval Structural Characteristics of Wufeng−Longmaxi Formation Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs in Western Chongqing Area, China: Experimental Investigation Based on Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fractal Modeling
Authors: Zhao Difei , Liu Dandan , Wei Yuan , Wang Qinxia , Wang Shengxiu , Zou Xiaoyu , Jiao Weiwei , Guo Yinghai , Wang Geoff
Published: May 2024

The study of deep shale gas (>3500 m) has become a new research hotspot in the field of shale gas research in China. In this study, 16 representative deep shale samples were selected from different layers of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation in the Z-3 well in the western Chongqing area to conduct low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observation, and fractal modeling. By comparing the differences in pore structure and their influencing factors in representative samples from different layers, the particularities of high-quality reservoirs have been revealed. The results show that the Z-3 well shales mainly develop micropores and mesopores, with pore sizes of 1 nm–200 nm. The fractal dimensions of bound fluid pores D1 (1.6895–2.3821) and fractal dimension of movable fluid pores D2 (2.9914–2.9996) were obtained from T2 spectra and linear fitting, and the pores were divided into three sections based on the NMR fractal characteristics. TOC content was one of the major factors affecting the gas content in the study area. The shale samples in the bottom S1l1-1 sub-layer with a higher TOC content have larger porosity and permeability, leading to enhanced homogeneity of the pore structure and favorable conditions for shale gas adsorption. A comparative understanding of the particularities of pore structure and influencing factors in high-quality reservoirs with higher gas content will provide the scientific basis for further exploration and exploitation of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation deep shale reservoirs in the western Chongqing area.
Research Progress in Intelligent Diagnosis Key Technology for Orchard Nutrients
Authors: Yuan Quanchun , Qi Yannan , Huang Kai , Sun Yuanhao , Wang Wei , Lyu Xiaolan
Published: May 2024

The intelligent diagnosis key technology of orchard nutrients provides a decision-making basis for precision fertilization, which has important research significance. This article reviewed the recent research literature, compared and analyzed existing technologies, and summarized solved and unresolved problems. It aimed to find breakthroughs to further improve the level of intelligent diagnosis key technology for orchard nutrients, and promote the implementation and application of the technology. Research had found that the current rapid nutrient detection technologies were mostly based on spectral data, with a focus on preprocessing algorithms and regression models. Hyperspectral technology shows good performance in predicting tree and soil nutrients due to its large number of characteristic variables. Meanwhile, preprocessing algorithms such as filtering, transformation, and feature band selection had also solved the problem of data redundancy. However, there were few studies for small and trace elements, and field applications. Laser breakdown-induced spectroscopy has good prospects for soil nutrient detection, as it can simultaneously detect multiple nutrients. There had been some studies on the technology for generating suitable nutrient standards for orchards in terms of soil and tree nutrients, but it requires a long and extensive experiment, which is time-consuming and laborious. A universal and rapid method needs to be studied to meet the construction needs of suitable nutrient standards for different varieties of fruit trees.
Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Morphological Traits and Correlations between Traits and Body Mass of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Li Jinlong , Qin Qin , Tian Xing , Guo Jiarong , Tang Bowen , He Zhigang , Xie Zhonggui , Wang Yude , Wang Dongwu
Published: May 2024

In this study, juvenile crayfish hatched from the same population were cultured in different growing environments: pond (D1), paddy field (D2), and aquaculture barrel (D3), and fed for 60 days. Crayfishes were selected randomly, females and males, 50 tails each from six groups (D1-♀, D1-♂, D2-♀, D2-♂, D3-♀, D3-♂) to measure the following morphological traits: full length (X1), body length (X2), chelicerae length (X3), chelicerae weight (X4), cephalothorax length (X5), cephalothorax width (X6), cephalothorax height (X7), eye spacing (X8), caudal peduncle length (X9), and caudal peduncle weight (X10). We found that the coefficient of variation (CV) of X4 was the largest in each culture mode, and males (28.58%~38.67%) were larger than females (37.76%~66.74%). The CV of X4 of crayfish cultured in D1 and D2 was larger than that of D3. All traits except X8 were positively correlated with body weight (p < 0.05). After pathway analysis, we found that X4, X5, X7, and X10 were significantly correlated with the body weight of D1-♀; the equation was YD1-♀ = −29.803 + 1.249X4 + 0.505X5 + 0.701X7 + 1.483X10 (R2 = 0.947). However, X2, X4, and X6 were significantly correlated with the body weight of D1-♂; the equation was YD1-♂ = −40.881 + 0.39X2 + 0.845X4 + 1.142X6 (R2 = 0.927). In D2-♀, X1, X4, X5, and X10 were significantly correlated with body weight; the equation was YD2-♀ = −12.248 + 0.088X1 + 1.098X4 + 0.275X5 + 0.904X10 (R2 = 0.977). X4 and X5 played a major role in the body weight of D2-♂ with the equation: YD2-♂ = −24.871 + 1.177X4 + 0.902X5 (R2 = 0.973). X3 and X10 mainly contributed to the body weight of D3-♀ with the equation: YD3-♀ = −22.476 + 0.432X3 + 3.153X10 (R2 = 0.976). X1 and X4 mainly contributed to the body weight of D3-♂ with the equation: YD3-♂ = −34.434 + 0.363X1 + 0.669X4 (R2 = 0.918). Comparing the pathway analysis with the gray relation analysis, we could conclude that the traits most correlated with body weight in D1-♀ were X10 and X7; in D1-♂, X6; in D2-♀, X10, X1, and X5; in D2-♂, X5; in D3-♀, X10; and in D3-♂, X4 and X1.
Rapid Microfluidic Immuno-Biosensor Detection System for the Point-of-Care Determination of High-Sensitivity Urinary C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Chen Szu-Jui , Lu Song-Yu , Tseng Chin-Chung , Huang Kuan-Hsun , Chen To-Lin , Fu Lung-Ming
Published: May 2024

A microfluidic immuno-biosensor detection system consisting of a microfluidic spectrum chip and a micro-spectrometer detection device is presented for the rapid point-of-care (POC) detection and quantification of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in urine. The detection process utilizes a highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, in which capture antibodies and detection antibodies are pre-deposited on the substrate of the microchip and used to form an immune complex with the target antigen. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is added as a marker enzyme, followed by a colorimetric reaction using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The absorbance values (a.u.) of the colorimetric reaction compounds are measured using a micro-spectrometer device and used to measure the corresponding hs-CRP concentration according to the pre-established calibration curve. It is shown that the hs-CRP concentration can be determined within 50 min. In addition, the system achieves recovery rates of 93.8–106.2% in blind water samples and 94.5–104.6% in artificial urine. The results showed that the CRP detection results of 41 urine samples from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were highly consistent with the conventional homogeneous particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) method’s detection results (R2 = 0.9910). The experimental results showed its applicability in the detection of CRP in both urine and serum. Overall, the results indicate that the current microfluidic ELISA detection system provides an accurate and reliable method for monitoring the hs-CRP concentration in point-of-care applications.
Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction
Authors: Tizabi Yousef , Getachew Bruk , Hauser Sheketha R. , Tsytsarev Vassiliy , Manhães Alex C. , da Silva Victor Diogenes Amaral
Published: May 2024

Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical and social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood and reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role of glia in these disorders has attracted attention. Detailed understanding of the glial functions in these devastating diseases could offer novel interventions. Here, following a brief review of circuitries involved in mood regulation and reward perception, the specific contributions of neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota to these diseases are highlighted. In this context, the role of specific glial cells (e.g., microglia, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, and synantocytes) on phenotypic manifestation of mood disorders or SUD are emphasized. In addition, use of this knowledge in the potential development of novel therapeutics is touched upon.
How Socially Avoidant Emerging Adults Process Social Feedback during Human-to-Human Interaction after Social Rejection: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Chen Yangdi , Deng Xinmei
Published: May 2024

Social avoidance refers to active non-participation in social activities, which is detrimental to healthy interpersonal interaction for emerging adults. Social rejection is a kind of negative social evaluation from others making people feel social pain. However, how socially avoidant emerging adults process social feedback information after experiencing social rejection has received less attention. The current study aimed to explore the differences in social interaction feedback processing after social rejection between a socially avoidant group (n = 16) and a comparison group (n = 16) in a human-to-human interaction context. Computer game tasks with two types of interaction (cooperation and competition) were used to record the event-related potentials when receiving social interaction feedback in two conditions (social rejection and control condition). The results showed that (1) the socially avoidant group had lower reward positivity amplitudes than the comparison group when receiving social feedback; (2) the socially avoidant group presented larger P300 amplitudes in the social rejection condition than in the control condition, but the comparison group did not; and (3) social rejection evoked more negative N1 amplitudes in the socially avoidant and comparison groups. The findings suggest that socially avoidant emerging adults may have flaws in reward sensitivity during interpersonal interaction, and they might also exert more attentional and emotional resources to social feedback after social rejection.
Autism Detection in Children: Integrating Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing in Narrative Analysis
Authors: Themistocleous Charalambos K. , Andreou Maria , Peristeri Eleni
Published: May 2024

Despite the consensus that early identification leads to better outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), recent research reveals that the average age of diagnosis in the Greek population is approximately six years. However, this age of diagnosis is delayed by an additional two years for families from lower-income or minority backgrounds. These disparities result in adverse impacts on intervention outcomes, which are further burdened by the often time-consuming and labor-intensive language assessments for children with ASD. There is a crucial need for tools that increase access to early assessment and diagnosis that will be rigorous and objective. The current study leverages the capabilities of artificial intelligence to develop a reliable and practical model for distinguishing children with ASD from typically-developing peers based on their narrative and vocabulary skills. We applied natural language processing-based extraction techniques to automatically acquire language features (narrative and vocabulary skills) from storytelling in 68 children with ASD and 52 typically-developing children, and then trained machine learning models on the children’s combined narrative and expressive vocabulary data to generate behavioral targets that effectively differentiate ASD from typically-developing children. According to the findings, the model could distinguish ASD from typically-developing children, achieving an accuracy of 96%. Specifically, out of the models used, hist gradient boosting and XGBoost showed slightly superior performance compared to the decision trees and gradient boosting models, particularly regarding accuracy and F1 score. These results bode well for the deployment of machine learning technology for children with ASD, especially those with limited access to early identification services.
Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review
Authors: Odeh Ali , Al-Shugaa Madyan A. , Al-Gahtani Husain J. , Mukhtar Faisal
Published: May 2024

Laminated composite plates have become a crucial point of interest in the industry, with the need to ensure sustained and stable structures throughout the plates’ lifespan. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database, gathering 8221 documents for further scrutiny based on the linked meta-data. Utilizing the VOS viewer software version 1.6.19, maps were generated from scientific publishing network data, illustrating connections between researchers’ nations and keywords. The investigation into co-occurring phrases associated with laminated composite plates employed author keywords. The results reveal a significant and close relationship among top authors, suggesting a strong research connection, with the United States and China leading the field. Top cited documents and keyword correlations are examined to gauge current research interests. These critical reviews serve as essential resources for scholars and practitioners in the field. Additionally, the review discusses the advancements in and practical applications of different theories for laminated composite plates, with a focus on a bibliometric study using the Scopus database. This paper categorizes models within the context of an equivalent single-layer laminate, analyzing variations in established theories and methodologies for modeling laminated composite plates to offer a nuanced understanding of approaches and assessments in this field.
Toward Nearly Zero-Waste Architecture: Innovation, Application, and Practice of Construction Methods Using Natural Materials
Authors: Tsai Shu-Chen , Zhang Xue-Fang , Chang Yao-Tan
Published: May 2024

The goals of this study are to propose a method to minimize the waste of buildings’ exterior walls and to respond to practical technical reports on disaster resistance and reductions in resource extraction. This study’s scientific value is its testing of new nearly zero-waste materials and their construction methods for external walls. Four cases using a bamboo and pozzolana wall construction method between 2016 and 2021 in Southern Taiwan were examined. The results show that the materials can be decomposed on site to achieve the goal of nearly zero waste. Steel structures and exterior walls can provide toughness and breathability to resist earthquakes and hot and humid climates. Traditional construction techniques contain elements of technological change and can transcend outdated regulations. The exterior wall materials in this study can replace the local high-carbon-emitting mining industry and are a feasible way to actively respond to net-zero emissions.
Treatment Strategies in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Dann Eldad J. , Casasnovas René-Olivier
Published: May 2024

The last 3 decades have witnessed a major evolution in the treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The most prominent of these developments include the introduction of the international prognostic scoring (IPS) system; therapeutic decision-making based on both IPS and interim PET/CT data; the finding that a negative interim PET/CT result could be safely used for treatment de-escalation; the introduction of intensive combination chemotherapy like escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone); and further modification of this protocol with the incorporation of a conjugated anti-CD30 antibody brentuximab vedotin (BV) into first-line regimens, like BV-AVD (BV+ adriamycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) and BrECADD (brentuximab vedotin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dacarbazine, and dexamethasone). The accruing data about the toxicity of the escalated BEACOPP protocol have led to decreasing the number of therapeutic cycles, substitution of toxic agents like procarbazine with dacarbazine (e.g., BEACOPDac), and reduction/omission of radiation therapy. Lately, a significant advancement has been made by the integration of checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line treatment, with preliminary results demonstrating the superiority of anti-PD1 combined with chemotherapy (nivolumab-AVD) compared to the BV-AVD regimen. This review aims to analyze recently published studies whose findings could change the treatment practice in advanced-stage HL.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) to Localised Prostate Cancer in the Era of MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy: Doses Delivered in the HERMES Trial Comparing Two- and Five-Fraction Treatments
Authors: Westley Rosalyne , Casey Francis , Mitchell Adam , Alexander Sophie , Nill Simeon , Murray Julia , Ratnakumaran Ragu , Pathmanathan Angela , Oelfke Uwe , Dunlop Alex , Tree Alison C.
Published: May 2024

HERMES is a phase II trial of MRI-guided daily-adaptive radiotherapy (MRIgART) randomising men with localised prostate cancer to either 2-fractions of SBRT with a boost to the tumour or 5-fraction SBRT. In the context of this highly innovative regime the dose delivered must be carefully considered. The first ten patients recruited to HERMES were analysed in order to establish the dose received by the targets and organs at risk (OARS) in the context of intrafraction motion. A regression analysis was performed to measure how the volume of air within the rectum might further impact rectal dose secondary to the electron return effect (ERE). One hundred percent of CTV target objectives were achieved on the MRI taken prior to beam-on-time. The post-delivery MRI showed that high-dose CTV coverage was achieved in 90% of sub-fractions (each fraction is delivered in two sub-fractions) in the 2-fraction cohort and in 88% of fractions the 5-fraction cohort. Rectal D1 cm3 was the most exceeded constraint; three patients exceeded the D1 cm3 < 20.8 Gy in the 2-fraction cohort and one patient exceeded the D1 cm3 < 36 Gy in the 5-fraction cohort. The volume of rectal gas within 1 cm of the prostate was directly proportional to the increase in rectal D1 cm3, with a strong (R = 0.69) and very strong (R = 0.90) correlation in the 2-fraction and 5-fraction cohort respectively. Dose delivery specified in HERMES is feasible, although for some patients delivered doses to both target and OARs may vary from those planned.
Therapeutic Implications of Targeting YY1 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Navasardyan Inesa , Zaravinos Apostolos , Bonavida Benjamin
Published: May 2024

The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive form of brain tumor. This review systematically explores the diverse roles of YY1 overexpression and activities in GBM, including its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune evasion mechanisms. Due to the poor response of GBM to current therapies, various findings of YY1-associated pathways in the literature provide valuable insights into novel potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Moreover, YY1 acts as a significant regulator of immune checkpoint molecules and, thus, is a candidate therapeutic target in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Different therapeutic implications targeting YY1 in GBM and its inherent associated challenges encompass the use of nanoparticles, YY1 inhibitors, targeted gene therapy, and exosome-based delivery systems. Despite the inherent complexities of such methods, the successful targeting of YY1 emerges as a promising avenue for reshaping GBM treatment strategies, presenting opportunities for innovative therapeutic approaches and enhanced patient outcomes.
Hereditary Syndromes Associated with Pancreatic and Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Papadopoulou-Marketou Nektaria , Tsoli Marina , Chatzellis Eleftherios , Alexandraki Krystallenia I. , Kaltsas Gregory
Published: May 2024

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and lung NETs (LNETs) represent a rare but clinically significant subgroup of neoplasms. While the majority is sporadic, approximately 17% of PanNETs and a subset of LNETs develop in the context of monogenic familial tumor syndromes, especially multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Other inherited syndromes associated with PanNETs include MEN4, von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). These syndromes are highly penetrant and their clinical manifestations may vary even among members of the same family. They are attributed to genetic mutations involving key molecular pathways regulating cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Pancreatic NETs in hereditary syndromes are often multiple, develop at a younger age compared to sporadic tumors, and are associated with endocrine and nonendocrine tumors derived from multiple organs. Lung NETs are not as common as PanNETs and are mostly encountered in MEN1 syndrome and include typical and atypical lung carcinoids. Early detection of PanNETs and LNETs related to inherited syndromes is crucial, and specific follow-up protocols need to be employed to optimize diagnosis and management. Genetic screening is recommended in childhood, and diagnostic screening starts often in adolescence, even in asymptomatic mutation carriers. Optimal management and therapeutic decisions should be made in the context of a multidisciplinary team in specialized centers, whereas specific biomarkers aiming to identify patients denoted to follow a more aggressive course need to be developed.
Closing the RCT Gap—A Large Meta-Analysis on the Role of Surgery in Stage I–III Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Doerr Fabian , Stange Sebastian , Salamon Sophie , Grapatsas Konstantinos , Baldes Natalie , Michel Maximilian , Menghesha Hruy , Schlachtenberger Georg , Heldwein Matthias B. , Hagmeyer Lars , Wolf Jürgen , Roessner Eric D. , Wahlers Thorsten , Schuler Martin , Hekmat Khosro , Bölükbas Servet
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Despite clear guideline recommendations, surgery is not consistently carried out as part of multimodal therapy in stage I small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The role of surgery in stages II and III is even more controversial. In the absence of current randomized control trials (RCT), we performed a meta-analysis comparing surgery versus non-surgical treatment in stage I to III SCLC patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on 1 July 2023, focusing on studies pertaining to the impact of surgery on small cell lung cancer (SCLC). These studies were evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Statistical analyses, including I² tests, Q-statistics, DerSimonian-Laird tests, and Egger regression, were performed to assess the data. In addition, 5-year survival rates were analyzed. The meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA standards. Results: Among the 6826 records identified, 10 original studies encompassing a collective cohort of 95,323 patients were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was observed across the included studies, with no discernible indication of publication bias. Analysis of patient characteristics revealed no significant differences between the two groups (p-value > 0.05). The 5-year survival rates in a combined analysis of patients in stages I–III were 39.6 ± 15.3% for the ‘surgery group’ and 16.7 ± 12.7% for the ‘non-surgery group’ (p-value < 0.0001). SCLC patients in stages II and III treated outside the guideline with surgery had a significantly better 5-year survival compared to non-surgery controls (36.3 ± 20.2% vs. 20.2 ± 17.0%; p-value = 0.043). Conclusions: In the absence of current RCTs, this meta-analysis provides robust suggestions that surgery might significantly improve survival in all SCLC stages. Non-surgical therapy could lead to a shortening of life. The feasibility of surgery in non-metastatic SCLC should always be evaluated as part of a multimodal treatment.
Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Pathophysiology, Laboratory Assessment, and Current Guidelines
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G. , Petrou Eleni , Tsante Konstantina A. , Sokou Rozeta , Frantzeskaki Frantzeska , Domouchtsidou Aglaia , Chaldoupis Anastasios E. , Fortis Sotirios P. , Piovani Daniele , Nikolopoulos Georgios K. , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Bonovas Stefanos , Samonis George , Tsantes Argyrios E.
Published: May 2024

Dysregulated hemostasis in cancer patients is associated with various clinical conditions, from thromboembolic complications to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Despite the well-established association between cancer and thromboembolic complications, the mechanisms involved are not completely elucidated. There are several predisposing factors in cancer for increased thrombus generation, such as immobilization and chemotherapy. The term cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) has been introduced to describe the close bidirectional relationship between cancer and thromboembolic events. Conventional coagulation tests (PT/aPTT) are more accurate in detecting a hypocoagulable rather than a hypercoagulable state; thus, their contribution to CAT management is limited. Traditionally, D-dimer levels have been the most common laboratory study for the evaluation of thrombotic risk. However, D-dimer levels only display a snapshot of the coagulation cascade, and they cannot provide a dynamic evaluation of evolving clot formation. Non-conventional assays, such as viscoelastic methods and microparticle formation are promising tools for the identification of patients at risk for developing CAT. Recent guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology counsel against the estimation of thrombotic risk through a single test and recommend the use of scoring systems that take into account several risk factors. The present review outlines the current insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of CAT and provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in the laboratory assessment of CAT and the recent guidelines for the management of patients at risk for developing thromboembolic complications.
Contributions to the Taxonomy of the Mugilid Genus Moolgarda Whitley (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with Redescriptions of M. crenilabis, M. seheli and M. tade from the Red Sea
Authors: Bogorodsky Sergey V. , Thieme Philipp , Senou Hiroshi , Mahmoud Zuheir N. , Alpermann Tilman J. , Durand Jean-Dominique
Published: May 2024

The taxonomy of the family Mugilidae has historically posed challenges, marked by discrepancies between described and valid species, compounded by cryptic diversity and a similar external appearance. Previous studies left four of six lineages unidentified within Crenimugil, including Crenimugil sp. A and Crenimugil sp. B. The goal of this study is to provide a detailed revision of species assigned to Crenimugil by examining specimens from the Red Sea, which is the type locality of Mugil crenilabis, Mugil seheli and Mugil tade, which were here genetically analyzed. After demonstrating that the genus contains nine monophyletic lineages and Moolgarda pura is a valid nominal species, the mugilid genus Moolgarda is restored. Consequently, Moolgarda has priority over Crenimugil and Valamugil. Additional morphological analyses of specimens from the Red Sea assigned to Moolgarda sp. A and Moolgarda sp. B identified them as representing Moolgarda seheli and Moolgarda crenilabis, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis, including new DNA barcodes, confirmed a wide distribution range of both species in the Indo-West Pacific. The identity of the lineage previously identified as Crenimugil crenilabis remains doubtful, and it is referred to as Moolgarda cf. crenilabis here. A third lineage, previously named Crenimugil buchanani, is re-described as Moolgarda tade, a species originally reported from the Red Sea with a long history of taxonomic confusion. The species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and distinguished from other congeners by falcate second dorsal and anal fins that are distinctly higher than the first dorsal fin. A detailed description of the Red Sea specimens of M. crenilabis, M. seheli and M. tade is provided, with comments to other unnamed lineages.
Neuroendocrine Breast Carcinoma: Interesting Images of an Underdiagnosed Entity
Authors: Kosmidis Christoforos , Boulogeorgou Kassiani , Roulia Panagiota , Dagher Marios , Anthimidis Georgios , Petrakis Georgios , Koulouris Charilaos , Mantalovas Stylianos , Laskou Styliani , Magra Vasiliki , Karakousis Vasileios Alexandros , Sevva Christina , Paschou Eleni , Stergios Vasileios , Kosmidis Stylianos , Mystakidou Chrysi Maria , Theodorou Vasiliki , Katsios Nikolaos Iason , Koletsa Triantafyllia , Sapalidis Konstantinos , Kesisoglou Isaak
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer of the female gender. A rare subtype of breast cancer is the invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation. Its incident is believed to be 0.1% to 5% of all breast cancers. We report a rare case of a 66-year old woman who presented with an isolated nodule of the left breast. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy. Pathology revealed invasive breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Invasive breast carcinoma is an extremely rare group of neoplasms, the exact frequency of which cannot be determined with current data. Therefore, it is necessary for future studies to focus on the pathophysiology of this subtype of breast cancer and on the potential therapeutic approaches.
Autoimmune Diseases and Plasma Cells Dyscrasias: Pathogenetic, Molecular and Prognostic Correlations
Authors: Giordano Laura , Cacciola Rossella , Barone Paola , Vecchio Veronica , Nasso Maria Elisa , Alvaro Maria Eugenia , Gangemi Sebastiano , Cacciola Emma , Allegra Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance are plasma cell dyscrasias characterized by monoclonal proliferation of pathological plasma cells with uncontrolled production of immunoglobulins. Autoimmune pathologies are conditions in which T and B lymphocytes develop a tendency to activate towards self-antigens in the absence of exogenous triggers. The aim of our review is to show the possible correlations between the two pathological aspects. Molecular studies have shown how different cytokines that either cause inflammation or control the immune system play a part in the growth of immunotolerance conditions that make it easier for the development of neoplastic malignancies. Uncontrolled immune activation resulting in chronic inflammation is also known to be at the basis of the evolution toward neoplastic pathologies, as well as multiple myeloma. Another point is the impact that myeloma-specific therapies have on the course of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Indeed, cases have been observed of patients suffering from multiple myeloma treated with daratumumab and bortezomib who also benefited from their autoimmune condition or patients under treatment with immunomodulators in which there has been an arising or worsening of autoimmunity conditions. The role of bone marrow transplantation in the course of concomitant autoimmune diseases remains under analysis.
TransConv: Transformer Meets Contextual Convolution for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Liu Junchi , Zhang Xiang , Luo Zhigang
Published: May 2024

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to reapply the classifier to be ever-trained on a labeled source domain to a related unlabeled target domain. Recent progress in this line has evolved with the advance of network architectures from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to transformers or both hybrids. However, this advance has to pay the cost of high computational overheads or complex training processes. In this paper, we propose an efficient alternative hybrid architecture by marrying transformer to contextual convolution (TransConv) to solve UDA tasks. Different from previous transformer based UDA architectures, TransConv has two special aspects: (1) reviving the multilayer perception (MLP) of transformer encoders with Gaussian channel attention fusion for robustness, and (2) mixing contextual features to highly efficient dynamic convolutions for cross-domain interaction. As a result, TransConv enables to calibrate interdomain feature semantics from the global features and the local ones. Experimental results on five benchmarks show that TransConv attains remarkable results with high efficiency as compared to the existing UDA methods.
Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling of the Dynamics of COVID-19 Deaths in Peru
Authors: Galarza César Raúl Castro , Sánchez Omar Nolberto Díaz , Pimentel Jonatha Sousa , Bulhões Rodrigo , López-Gonzales Javier Linkolk , Rodrigues Paulo Canas
Published: May 2024

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the disease is crucial for effective public health interventions. This study aims to analyze COVID-19 data in Peru using a Bayesian spatio-temporal generalized linear model to elucidate mortality patterns and assess the impact of vaccination efforts. Leveraging data from 194 provinces over 651 days, our analysis reveals heterogeneous spatial and temporal patterns in COVID-19 mortality rates. Higher vaccination coverage is associated with reduced mortality rates, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in mitigating the pandemic’s impact. The findings underscore the value of spatio-temporal data analysis in understanding disease dynamics and guiding targeted public health interventions.
Research on the Quantitative Assessment Method of HVDC Transmission Line Failure Risk during Wildfire Disaster
Authors: Zhou Bo , Sun Xinwei , Xu Yunyang , Wei Wei
Published: May 2024

It is increasingly important to effectively predict the failure of HVDC transmission lines caused by wildfire disasters. On the basis of comprehensively considering the distribution of fire points, the characteristics of wildfire propagation, and the failure factors of the transmission line, a method for calculating the probability of failure in HVDC transmission lines during wildfire disasters is proposed to quantify the risk of HVDC transmission line failures caused by wildfire disasters. Using the ArcGIS 10.7. platform, the study examined the quantity of fire points within the buffer zone of each HVDC transmission line from 2001 to 2022. The results indicate significant variations in the number of fire incidents in the buffer zones of various transmission lines. Notably, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of fire incidents along several HVDC transmission lines, including Xizhe, Baihetan-Jiangsu, Baihetan-Zhejiang, and Fufeng, in recent years. Based on the number of fire points in the buffer zone obtained through ArcGIS processing and the proposed failure probability calculation model, six HVDC hydropower transmission channels in the Sichuan Province were analyzed. At the same time, the proposed probability calculation model was simplified, and a corresponding linear evaluation index was introduced. The regression analysis results indicate that the proposed index can effectively assess the failure risk of HVDC transmission lines during wildfire disasters.