bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MERCADO LINGUÍSTICO: UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO DA IMBRICADA RELAÇÃO ESTRUTURA LINGUÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA SOCIAL
Authors: BRANDÃO Silvia Maria
Published: August 2018

Este artigo resulta de uma análise da alternância entre formas verbais que se encontram em sentenças condicionais encabeçadas pela conjunção –SE e que repousam sob a noção de irrealis (GIVÓN, 1995) – Ex.: Se eu tivesse dinheiro, compraria/comprava/ia comprar/iria comprar uma ilha. Os 216 dados analisados provêm de amostras de fala produzidas no interior paulista no início do Séc. XXI (GONÇALVES,s.d.). Com base nos pressupostos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG 1968, LABOV 2008 [1972], 1994, 2001), os resultados demonstram que o uso do imperfeito tem avançado a miúde. Contudo, mesmo com esse aumento, o futuro do pretérito apresenta resistência em determinados contextos, que pode ser explicada a partir da noção de Mercado Linguístico (BOURDIEU, 1977). Privilegiaremos, assim, a análise do fenômeno baseando-nos em dois grupos de fatores sociais (idade e escolaridade). Buscamos apontar e reforçar a íntima relação que há entre estrutura linguística e social, bem como a heterogeneidade ordenada, inerente às línguas.
MATERIAL DIDÁTICO COM BASE NA PERPECTIVA DIALÓGICA DA LINGUAGEM: UMA PROPOSTA PARA PREPARAÇÃO AO EXAME CELPE-BRAS
Authors: NAGASAWA Ellen Yurika , SCHOFFEN Juliana Roquele
Published: August 2018

O conceito de proficiência que fundamenta o Exame Celpe-Bras consiste no “uso adequado da língua para desempenhar ações no mundo” (BRASIL, 2006, p. 3). O ponto central na preparação de um examinando ao Exame Celpe-Bras, portanto, deve ser a compreensão da visão dialógica que subjaz às provas. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho é refletir acerca do desenvolvimento de material didático de preparação ao Exame Celpe-Bras a partir da noção de gêneros do discurso. Primeiramente, são apresentadas as características do Exame Celpe-Bras, sua estrutura e a noção de proficiência que o norteia. A seguir, são discutidos os pressupostos teóricos que ampararam a produção da sequência didática proposta e suas etapas de elaboração. As reflexões realizadas estão ancoradas na análise do material didático proposto, que demonstra a possibilidade do uso da visão dialógica de linguagem na prática de sala de aula de cursos preparatórios ao Exame Celpe-Bras.
CIÊNCIA NAS LICENCIATURAS?
Authors: SILVA Wagner Rodrigues , CORDEIRO Mayron Rodrigues , FARAH Bárbara De Freitas , MORAES Carlos Wiennery da Rocha , SOUSA Dijan Leal de , SILVA Leide Lene Santos , MENDES Victor C. B. B.
Published: August 2018

Investigamos como professores em formação inicial compreendem ciência e algumas práticas dela decorrentes, e se eles relacionam o conhecimento científico explicitado ao próprio curso de licenciatura a que estão vinculados. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir da análise qualitativa de dados gerados em entrevistas com professores em formação inicial em diferentes licenciaturas. Assumimos a abordagem indisciplinar da Linguística Aplicada, considerando como principais referenciais teóricos estudos do letramento científico situados em diferentes disciplinas ou campos do conhecimento. Os conhecimentos de ciência, compartilhados pelos colaboradores da pesquisa, estão atrelados mais diretamente às ciências naturais; as ciências humanas são reduzidas a um pequeno número de disciplinas e os estudos da linguagem são ignorados. Esta pesquisa contribui para recontextualizar os estudos do letramento científico na Linguística Aplicada.
A DETERMINAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA DE FALSO COMO GESTO DE DÚVIDA (MODALIDADE) E DE BLOQUEIO (ALTERIDADE) NO ACONTECIMENTO ENUNCIATIVO
Authors: DALLA PRIA Albano , KARIM Taisir Mahmudo
Published: August 2018

Na formalização dos seus raciocínios, a lógica não leva em conta a especificidade das línguas naturais. Aplicados à descrição de certas expressões das línguas, tais como ‘atestado de óbito falso’, os raciocínios da lógica são colocados em xeque. É implícito dos raciocínios lógicos o conceito aristotélico de “classe” ou de espaço fechado, ou se está dentro ou se está fora do espaço. Esse raciocínio, que presume a significação construída, impede a observação do termo atestado de óbito como um gesto de construção de significação. Através do método que é próprio das línguas naturais, delineado pela Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas (CULIOLI, 1990, 1999a, 1999b), porque articula o material verbal (as línguas), teorizado como agenciamento de marcadores de operações da linguagem, com a prática do seu manuseio (atividade de linguagem) dentro de um espaço topológico ou de uma topologia de domínio aberto, propusemos apreender a contribuição de FALSO para o gesto de construção de atestado de óbito.  Por fim, concluímos que FALSO é marca da dúvida (modalidade) e do bloqueio (alteridade) à construção do termo atestado de óbito.
Working Toward Transpositional Objectivity: The Promotion of Democratic Capability for an Age of Post-Truth Politics
Authors: DeCesare Anthony
Published: August 2018

This article aims to offer conceptual and practical tools to help us understand and combat the rise of post-truth politics. Drawing on the epistemic aspects of Amartya Sen's work—particularly his concept of objectivity—I argue that the current political climate requires the broad promotion of what I call democratic capability. The promotion of this capability enables and demands a radical but critical openness to others' positional knowledge and thereby helps to ensure the infusion of a fuller and more diverse set of perspectives and judgments into our determination of what public actions are most likely to result in the creation of better and more just societies. I conclude by pointing briefly to the role for education in promoting democratic capability, with particular attention paid to the kinds of habits and dispositions young people need to develop in order to engage effectively in the kind of political praxis this capability entails.
Cooperative Democracy and Political-Economic Development: The Civic Potential of Worker Coops
Authors: Orr Susan , Johnson James
Published: August 2018

Worker Cooperatives have emerged as integral to political-economic development proposals in various jurisdictions across the U.S. in recent years. We connect these proposals to extant empirical research on the effect of participation in the workplace on conventional civic and political participation. And we suggest how commonalities in the work of Amartya Sen and Elinor Ostrom afford theoretical resources for designing and assessing such policy initiatives.
Democracy as Group Discussion and Collective Action: Facts, Values, and Strategies in Canadian and American Rural Landscapes
Authors: Shaffer Timothy J.
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on the theoretical and conceptual issues that reside at the intersection of deliberation and action. Looking at the Antigonish Movement and the USDA's farmer discussion groups and schools of philosophy in the 1930s and 1940s, the article identifies salient points about the ways in which institutional leaders developed programs that attended to concerns about the role of facts, values, and strategies by embedding deliberative talk within collaborative efforts through education and community development initiatives.
Facts, Values, and Democracy Worth Wanting: Strategic Public Deliberation in the Era of Trump
Authors: Meens David E.
Published: August 2018

In this paper, I characterize the troubling emergence of “post-truth” politics, represented by the election of Donald Trump in the U.S. and similar developments in other national contexts, in terms of dual crises of epistemic and political legitimacy. I argue that the dichotomy between facts and values plays a key role in these crises, and that democratic deliberation represents a particularly promising opportunity to overcome this dichotomy and legitimate political discourse at a national scale. In order to make this case, I draw upon developments in the field of educational program evaluation and apply the insights gleaned to suggest possibilities for leveraging strategic public deliberation to ground and legitimate political discourse and discussion in the Trump era.
Exploring the Epistemological Challenges Underlying Civic Engagement by Religious Communities
Authors: Hess Mary E.
Published: August 2018

Religious communities vary widely in their commitments and practices, but nearly all of the world's major religious traditions have distinctive ways of “seeing things whole,” that is, of integrating facts, values, and strategies into holistic patterns of engagement. These patterns are being sharply disrupted by shifts in authority, authenticity, and agency that are catalysed by digital media. Paradoxically, while these shifts are creating sharp disruptions in established religious communities, they are also opening up new opportunities for engagement in civic action.
William James's Psychology of Philosophizing: Intellectual Diversity, Selective Attention, and the Sentiments in Our Rationalities
Authors: Croce Paul J.
Published: August 2018

American psychologist and philosopher William James (1842–1910) developed a mediating path to understand and cope with intellectual disagreement. This template did not come to him any more easily than it would for anyone dealing with the contemporary challenges of deep cultural and political polarization. Although the compelling contrasts he experienced in his young adulthood, especially the competing commitments of science and religion, initially filled him with indecision and discouragement, he later synthesized the parts of his education into a platform for comprehending intellectual differences in relation to each other. James's approach to intellectual differences can be summarized with “three Rs”: the psychological roots of intellectual differences, their relations to each other, and effective ways to respond to them. James's ideas offer an education in strategies for coping with disagreement based on understanding how differences emerge to encourage searching for bridges across diversity.
Herramientas moleculares para estudiar las aguas de consumo humano del cacao, Mozonte, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua
Authors: Páramo-Aguilera L.A , Garmendia T.S , Villalta-Domínguez J.
Published: August 2018

Se determinaron los principales indicadores microbiológicos de la calidad del agua para consumo humano por medio del Numero Más Probable y se realizó el aislamiento e identificación por vía morfológica y molecular de los microorganismos aislados de la biopelícula existente en el punto de captación del acuífero de la comunidad El Cacao, municipio Mozonte, Nueva Segovia. Muestreando en 3 puntos: captación, almacenamiento y llave de chorro, y realizando análisis del número más probable (NMP), aislamientos, purificación y pruebas morfológicas en los laboratorios del Programa de Investigación Estudios Nacionales y Servicios Ambientales (PIENSA) de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. La secuenciación microbiana se encargó a Biología Molecular de la Universidad Centroamericana. Los resultados indican contaminación por coliformes totales, fecales y E.coli, que deberían estar ausentes según la norma del Comité de Instituciones de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana (CAPRE). De la biopelícula se aisló e identificó bacterias como: Alcaligenes sp, Paenalcaligenes sp, Alcaligenes faecalis, Paenalcaligenes suwonensis, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia nematodiphilia y Stenotrophomona maltophilia, y hongos filamentosos como Apergillus terreus y tres aislados identificados como aspergillus sp. Estos microorganismos se han reportado como responsables de diversas enfermedades transmitidas por el agua.
The risk caused by hydrocarbon spills in the eastern region of the Canary Islands Waters: TESEO model and SIROCO system
Authors: Calvilla J.M. , Bergueiro J.R. , Gómez J.I. , González J.A. , Calvilla E.
Published: August 2018

In view of the increasing oil interest shown by Spain and Morocco, the aim of this project is to test the risk of hypothetical spills of hydrocarbons in the eastern region of the Canary Islands waters and their surroundings through the Simulation Model of Hydrocarbon Transport (TESEO) and the Island Response and Operations System against Ocean Pollutants, in Spanish Sistemas Insulares de Respuesta y Operaciones Ante Contaminantes Oceánicos (SIROCO).
Aislamiento e identificación molecular de microrganismos asociados a la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) variedad CP 722086
Authors: Vanegas Vanegas C.L. , Gómez Rodríguez J.A.
Published: August 2018

El cultivo de la caña de azúcar contribuye a la economía nicaragüense generando el 6.9% del PIB nacional en 2016. Actualmente, está en riesgo el crecimiento de la industria azucarera y su transformación en una biofabrica, tanto por las malas prácticas agrícolas (uso excesivo de agroquímicos y degradación del suelo) como por los efectos del cambio climático, que van desde sequías hasta enfermedades y plagas emergentes. Una de las alternativas más prometedoras para enfrentar la problemática, es el conocimiento de los microorganismos nativos asociados a los principales cultivos (patógenos y benéficos) y poder tomar decisiones de manejo acertadas. En este trabajo, aislamos éstos microorganismos, los identificamos a nivel de ADN y obtuvimos información de su función y relación con el cultivo, constituyendo una base de datos biológica que en adelante será utilizada para el desarrollo de productos biológicos y las mejores estrategias de control para los patógenos emergentes. Esta pionera investigación desarrollada en Nicaragua, enfocada en la microbiota asociada al cultivo de la caña de azúcar, contribuye a la comprensión de la relación plantasuelo. Y los resultados aportan a la innovación agrícola, la mitigación de los efectos del cambio climático y la sostenibilidad ambiental.
The Impact of Collaboration on the Process-Based Writing in EFL Classrooms in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hakim Badia
Published: August 2018

This research is a study of the impact of collaboration on the process-based writing in EFL classrooms in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on methods that contribute to the enhancement of productivity in writing. First, a definition of the term “collaboration” in the process-based EFL writing is presented and then, the advantages of collaborative process-based writing are discussed in further detail. The research mainly focuses on the practical aspects of introducing the building blocks and the procedural aspects of collaborative process-based writing into classrooms in Saudi Arabia. The main goal is to contribute to an overall understanding of collaborative process-based writing. In this context, the instructor tries to help students get further involved in collaborative and dialog-based activities through the process of writing. Another chief goal of introducing this technique is to help students produce better academic writing pieces and improve their writing skills as they move in their writing process from pre-writing to post-writing.
Teaching Oral English in an ESL Setting: Some Challenges Observed by Teachers in Upper-West Ghana
Authors: Dansieh Solomon A.
Published: August 2018

This study sought to establish from teachers of English in Senior High Schools in the Upper-West Region of Ghana what they considered to be the main challenges confronting their students in the Oral English course. Thirty-four (34) teachers participated in the survey, which used questionnaire and personal observation for data gathering. The study found that there was a high tendency for features of the L1 of students to affect their learning of L2, especially in the areas of phonemes, morphemes, words, sentences and discourse structures. This was not surprising, as English was the L2 of majority of high school students in the region. The study acknowledges the need for language teachers to understand the linguistic systems of the second language of the student and how they function and be able to differentiate between the first and second language of the learner. It further concedes that a teacher’s ability to speak and understand a language is not a guarantee for attaining the requisite technical knowledge for understanding and explaining the system of the language. It was observed that the challenges of pronunciation were not limited to students but affected the teachers too. The study recommends the teaching of pronunciation at basic level in an ESL context like Ghana’s and also the provision of relevant teaching and learning materials for schools as well as periodic training for subject teachers.
Development of a Standard Curve to Account for Viable Loads of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Using RNA by Real-Time PCR
Authors: Ali Md. A , Hui Wang , Lin Guangen , Dang Fang F , Wu Shuang , Man Chaoxin , Jiang Yujun
Published: August 2018

Background: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 is widely used as a probiotic in various dairy preparations. To ensure optimal health benefits, an adequate number of probiotics should be viable in products, but the culture-based methods require longer periods to account for the strain. Objective: Develop a standard curve to account viable loadof B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 by real-time PCR. Methods: The growth curve was developed accordingto plate count method, and cycle threshold (CT) curve was prepared using CT values. These two curves were then combined to construct the standard curve. To validate the method, the strain was proliferated in whole milk, and viable loads were enumerated by plate counting and relativePCR counting followed by determining the SEM betweenthe two counts. Results: The growth curve and CT curve, respectively, showed the highest viable load (2.13 × 108 CFU/mL) and lowest CT value (18.29) after 18 h, and during the entire growth phase (0–18 h), viable loads are inversely proportional to the CT values. The standard curverevealed the model y = 2E + 18e−1.233x (y = cells/mL, x = CT value; R2 = 0.992). In validation, the highest SEM (± 0.70 × 108) was found between the plate count (1.15 × 108 cells/mL) and relative PCR count (1.29 × 108 cells/mL) after cultivating for 14 h. Conclusions: The method could be readilyused in dairy industries to quantify viable B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 by a shorter period. Highlights: Culture-independent enumeration of viable B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 by real-time PCR.
Umbyquyra gen. nov., a new tarantula spider genus from the Neotropical region (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae), with a description of eight new species
Authors: Gargiulo Fabio De F. , Brescovit Antonio Domingos , Lucas Sylvia Marlene
Published: August 2018

Umbyquyra gen. nov., a new Theraphosinae genus with stridulatory bristles on the palpal trocanther of pedipalp trochanter and first leg, is proposed. The genus differs from the other genera with stridulatory bristles on the same segments, Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871, Cyrtopholis Simon, 1892, Longilyra Gabriel, 2014 and Nesipelma Schmidt & Kovarik, 1996, by having a palpal bulb with a very short and acuminate embolus and four short keels; separated tibial apophysis; and female spermathecae resembling those of Cyrtopholis, with two seminal receptacles with elongated ducts emerging from a common area. Cyrtopholis palmarum Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945 and C. schmidti Rudloff, 1996 from Brazil and Acanthoscurria acuminata Schmidt & Tesmoingt in Schmidt, 2005 from Bolivia are transferred to the new genus. The female of Umbyquyra palmarum (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945) gen. et comb. nov. and the male of U. schmidti (Rudloff, 1996) gen. et comb. nov. are described for the first time. Cyrtopholis zorodes Mello-Leitão, 1923 is considered a junior synonym of Acanthoscurria gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Cyrtopholis meridionalis (Keyserling, 1891) is considered a nomen dubium. Eight new species from Brazil are described: Umbyquyra paranaiba gen. et sp. nov., U. cuiaba gen. et sp. nov., U. araguaia gen. et sp. nov., U. sapezal gen. et sp. nov., U. belterra gen. et sp. nov., U. caxiuana gen. et sp. nov., U. tucurui gen. et sp. nov. and U. tapajos gen. et sp. nov. Data and maps on the geographic distribution are provided.
ADSORPTION OF AMMONIA WITH ACTIVATED COAL AG-3
Authors: Ksandrov Nikolai V. , Ozhogina Olga R.
Published: August 2018

The problem of NH3 extraction from wet gases and returning it to the process may take place in the technologies which use aqueous ammonia solutions. The extraction of non-ferrous metal oxides forming soluble ammoniates from industrial wastes with the solution of ammonium chloride and ammonia in water is an example of such technologies. The oxides of non-ferrous metals are then precipitated, driving the mixture of water vapor and ammonia off the solution. Waste purification reduces the pollution of natural water resources and expands the raw material base of metallurgy of copper and zinc. To return NH3 to the waste treatment it is efficient to use adsorption of ammonia from the gas-vapor mixture. The silica gel used in ammonia plants is not applicable to absorption NH3 from wet gases. The data on the adsorption NH3 from the gas-vapor mixture with hydrophobic activated coals are not sufficient for practical purposе. The dependence of the equilibrium adsorption capacity of activated coal AG-3 on ammonia wapors on their partial pressure at 0.1−15 kPa and a tempеrature of 288−323 K in the sorption of ammonia from wet gases is studied with a dynamic method. The micropore volume of the coal samples is equal to 0.31±0.02 cm3/g. The presented equation provides the calculation of the sorption capacity of coal in the studied range of adsorption parameter change with an average error less than 5% for each isotherme. The heat of adsorption is equal to 37 -39 kJ/mol which is larger than the heat of condensation of ammonia vapors by about 20 kJ/mol, which is typical for physical adsorption. During the regeneration of the coal which absorbed the ammonia the adsorption capacity was stable.
PROPERTIES OF EXCITED MOLECULES IN PHOTOLYSIS OF 2,6-DIPHENYL-1,4-BENZOQUINONE WITH AMINES
Authors: Gurulev Dmitriy N. , Palatkina Lyubov V. , Yudina Anna S. , Porkhun Vladimir I.
Published: August 2018

To date, it is considered established that quinones with lower energy state, under the action of light tear away a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon or an electron donor from inorganic anion-radicals, which have a high reduction potential. However, even for the simplest quinones (1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinones, 9,10-anthraquinone and their derivatives) there is no consensus in the science literature about the nature of the initial event in photoreaction with compounds which are potential donors of hydrogen atom and electron. The first step in many photochemical reactions is the formation of complexes between donors and acceptors of electrons in the excited state (exiplexes). Photoreactive quinones as elementary acts include the transfer of electron (or) hydrogen atom. The mechanism depends on the presence and strength of donor-acceptor complexes (DAC) of the quinones with the reagents. Studies of triplet exiplexes allow you to set the details of the elementary reaction acts. Only short-lived intermediate product was registered upon photoexcitation of the studied quinone Q in low-polarity solvents. The kinetic of decay of the first order with rate constant of about 2∙106 s-1 in toluene and dibutylphthalate and the introduction of oxygen leads to a decrease in the lifetime of the product in the triplet state. With the introduction of solutions of amines quenching of triplet state (QT) with rate constant close to diffusion was observed. Rate constants of quenching by dissolving in benzene and by dissolving in dibutyl phthalate were determined. It is established that formation of intermediate products is carried out from triplet state (QT). Excited complexes with charge transfer in acetonitrile were not observed. It is concluded that with decrease in electron affinity of the acceptors, when the connection of the molecules in the complex becomes weaker, the lifetime of TE increases significantly.
INFLUENCE OF FORMATION OF THE COMPLEXES WITH DIFFERENT KIND OF LIGANDS ON KINETICS OF OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION OF METALS
Authors: Lutsik Vladimir I. , Chursanov Yury V. , Starovoytov Anatoly V.
Published: August 2018

Rotating disk method has been used to study the dissolution of gold in the presence of an oxidizer and a mixture of dissimilar ligandforming reagents. Kinetic regularities of gold dissolution were investigated in aqueous systems thiourea-thiocyanate with Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions as the oxidizer; thiosulfate-thiocyanatewithFe(III)EDTA oxidizing complex and thiosulfate-thiocyanate with ammonia complex [Cu(NH3)4]2+ asoxidizing agent. Peculiarities of these mixed systems is a possibility to form the monoligandas as well as geteroligand complexes of gold. The influence of gold complexes formation with different sorts of ligands on the metal dissolution rate have been considered. The dependence of the dissolution rate on the ratio of ligands concentrations and on the oxidizing agent nature was investigated.  Interrelation was established: the use of dissimilar ligandforming reagents - the higher thermodynamic stability of the geteroligand complexes of gold (relative to the homoligand ones) - synergistic increase of the gold dissolution rate. It was found that the heterophase reaction makromechanism for the thiourea-thiocyanate-Fe(III) system is determined by the proximity of the rates of chemical and diffusion stages (experimental activation energy - 21.6 kJ/mol; the reaction order in respect to the disk rotation frequency – 0.23). Diffusive limitation is due to the slow withdrawal of the reaction products -Au (I) compounds - from the solid phase surface. The formation of stronger heteroligand complexes and the corresponding increase in the reaction products concentration at the surface increases a rate of the metal diffusion into the solution. For the thiourea-thiosulfate-Fe(III)EDTA system a film formation of the reaction solid products on the gold surface was observed. To identify it the infrared reflection spectra of the polished gold surface after the etching were obtained. There is a strong absorption band on the spectra at 804 cm-1. Absorption in this area has been associated with the stretching vibrations of C=S bond of the thiourea molecules joined to the surface and the products of their oxidation.
ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF DIMETHYL SULFONE IN ALKALINE MEDIUM
Authors: Akhmedov Magomed A. , Khidirov Shagabudin Sh. , Kaparova Madina Yu.
Published: August 2018

In this paper the electrochemical oxidation of dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) on a platinum electrode in an alkaline medium has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. It is shown that during the electrochemical oxidation of dimethylsulfone in an alkaline medium on a smooth platinum electrode, a significant suppression of the oxygen evolution (O2) occurs in the potential range of E = 1.3-2.0 V. By scanning electron microscopy methods, Raman scattering and infrared spectrometry it is shown that the main substance is the dimethyl disulfone (DMDSO2) during the anodic oxidation of DMSO2 on a platinum electrode. By the preparative electrolysis of aqueous solutions of various concentrations of DMSO2 in 0.1 M NaOH solution at controlled potentials E = 1.6 and 1.8 V it is established that the current yield of the base material is not more than 84%. Based on the data of the physicochemical analysis of the final products of preparative electrolysis, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of dimethyl disulfone in an alkaline medium. It has been shown that the oxidation of dimethyl sulfone proceeds in the oxygen region by breaking C-S bonds in the DMSO2 molecule to form methyl (CH3•) and methylsulfonic (CH3S•(O)2) radicals. It is assumed that the methylsulfone radicals readily dimerize with the formation of stable DMDSO2 molecules and are desorbed in the bulk of the solution, and the methyl radicals bind to the HO radicals to form methanol molecules. The latter is well chemisorbed on the surface of platinum with the formation of adsorbed COH particles that are oxidized on a platinum electrode with the formation and evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the volume of the anolyte solution. The formation of molecules of methanol was identified by the method of chromato-mass -spectrometry, and the emission of carbon dioxide by the gravimetry.
IMMOBILIZATION OF COBALT DISULFOPHTHALOCYANINATE ONTO POLYMETHYLOLACRYLAMIDE
Authors: Osipova Galina V. , Pechnikova Nadezhda L. , Ageeva Tatiana A.
Published: August 2018

Different character of usage the porphyrins and their analogs immobilized on carrier polymers stimulates an increased interest in the synthesis and research of physico-chemical properties of porphyrin-polymer immobilizates. In this paper the peculiarities of a synthesis of water-soluble polymer systems containing cobalt disulfophthalocyaninate with the components of a different ratio are described. The methylolation reaction of polyacrylamide to immobilize cobalt disulfophthalocyaninate onto water-soluble carrier polymer has been carried out. It is known that heating polymethylolacrylamide or its solutions leads to the formation of three-dimensional structures with ether and methylene bridges. Therefore, initially the conditions for the preparation of polymethylolacrylamide with preservation of its water solubility were selected. It was found to obtain a water-soluble polymethylolacrylamide, it is necessary that the initial concentration of polyacrylamide in water did not exceed 2% by weight. The immobilization of phthalocyanine metal complex onto the modified polyacrylamide was carried out in two ways. The first is the interaction of the phthalocyanine metal complex with methylated polyacrylamide. The second is functionalization of polyacrylamide and the immobilization of phthalocyaninate metal complex onto the polymer in one-step. The introduction conditions of the cobalt disulfophthalocyaninate introduced influenced the formation of cross-linked structures in the synthesized samples. The introduction of macroheterocycle as a powder was found to promote the formation of insoluble compounds in aqueous media. Therefore, phthalocyanine metal complex was introduced into the system as 1% aqueous solution. The immobilization of the phthalocyanine metal complex onto a carrier polymer has been realized through the formation of hydrogen bonds between the methylol groups of polymethylolacrylamide and sulfo groups of the phthalocyanine metal complex and it was due to coordination interaction between the functional groups of the polymer and metallophthalocyanine as well. The amount of bound cobalt disulfophthalocyanine in the samples was determined by the electronic absorption spectra of the solutions of immobilized phthalocyanine metal complex onto the polymer. The mass content of immobilized cobalt disulfophthalocyaninate onto the polymer in the samples obtained by one-step is greater than in case of the samples obtained in two steps, the ratio of the initial reagents being the same.
Why I Work in the Field of Language Variation and Change
Authors: Hejná Michaela
Published: August 2018

This perspective introduces the reader to what it is that a linguist working within the field of language variation and change does. I first outline what the goals of the field are. Next, I provide examples from my own work that illustrate what a researcher in my field may investigate and how. I also discuss what a teacher in my field can get to teach and why interacting with the students is, in my view at least, essential. We finish with a brief comment on whether and how the world can benefit from the insights of the field.
Breathy Voice and Fundamental Frequency: Portraying Gender in The Danish Girl
Authors: Bisbo Laura
Published: August 2018

This paper investigated how breathy voice and fundamental frequency relate to perceptions of gender and femininity, and how this is portrayed in the movie The Danish Girl. The aim of analysing The Danish Girl was to investigate whether Eddy Redmayne, who plays the main character, a male-to-female transgender person, uses breathy voice and F0 to portray a transition in gender and femininity in the character. While results were not clear-cut, they indicate that Eddy Redmayne has made alterations to his F0 and amount of breathiness. The investigation of how these phenomena are used in The Danish Girl may provide further evidence of how the investigated phenomena are used in real-life, however, it should be acknowledged that The Danish Girl shows merely a portrayal of how these phenomena are used by a character and thus does not necessarily represent how females and male-to-female individuals actually use F0 and breathy voice.
The Holocaust in Pictures: Maus and the Narrative of the Graphic Novel
Authors: Munk Tea-Maria
Published: August 2018

This article examines the effect of comic conventions and the depiction of characters as anthropomorphic animals in Art Spiegelman’s graphic novel Maus, a pivotal piece depicting the Holocaust and its impact on the survivors and their children. The article will claim that instead of the graphic medium being a hindrance, Spiegelman uses the comic conventions to his advantage, allowing the reader to identify with the characters and narrative in a unique way. In this way the graphic narrative underlines the verbal, demonstrating that the medium of the comic and graphic novel is not purely preserved for fiction or child narratives.
As ilusões da liberdade: a escola Nina Rodrigues e a antropologia no Brasil
Authors: Corrêa Mariza
Published: August 2018

"Nina Rodrigues é geralmente conhecido: pelos elogios dos seus admiradores e discípulos, por um lado; pelas críticas às suas teorias por parte dos seus detratores, por outro. Os primeiros o tratam como o herói fundador da antropologia e da medicina legal brasileiras e o primeiro a desenvolver pesquisa científica sobre a presença da África no Brasil. Os segundos o condenam pelas suas teorias fundadas no racismo científico e na criminologia biológica. Neste livro, Mariza Corrêa, na melhor tradição da antropologia, prefere evitar julgamentos anacrônicos para apresentar e compreender as obras escritas e o trabalho institucional de Nina Rodrigues no contexto social e político em que ele vivia. A autora examina a vasta obra deste cientista que morreu com apenas 44 anos em 1906 para revelar que tanto detratores como discípulos tinham um pouco de razão, mas que há muito mais a dizer sobre o professor Nina Rodrigues. Ele tinha 26 anos quando da abolição da escravidão em 1888, tendo se formado médico um ano antes. Mariza Corrêa nos leva pela luta de Nina Rodrigues para estabelecer a medicina legal como disciplina acadêmica e pelos meandros daquilo pelo qual ele seja talvez mais lembrado, isto é, o seu polêmico trabalho sobre raça e a sua condenação da mestiçagem. A autora também trata dos seus escritos sobre o que considerava os limites da liberdade no contexto do enfrentamento entre defensores do direito clássico e aqueles do direito positivo. Para completar o quadro, examina o trabalho dos discípulos de Nina Rodrigues. Dada a atuação de Nina Rodrigues nos campos da medicina legal, da psiquiatria e dos estudos sobre a questão racial, e sua constante preocupação com o destino da nação brasileira, este livro tem se tornado leitura privilegiada para todos os interessados nestes temas, que continuam tão ou mais candentes." Peter Fry, doutor em antropologia social e professor emérito do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Merging the arts of song and dance
Authors: Hagen Johanne Karen , Kvammen Anne Cecilie Røsjø , Lessey Richard
Published: August 2018

To learn, acquire knowledge, and develop skills is an embodied process. In this article, the authors argue that merging the fields of song and dance is dependent on a deeper understanding of how the mind and the body interact, and they utilize the concept of enactive cognition to explain these processes. The authors maintain that students need insight into these processes in order to improve their learning and, consequently, their performance. Retrospective examples taken from three educational situations within the musical theatre context elucidate the discussion of the concepts of alignment and breathing. These frequently used concepts are often a source of confusion and misunderstanding for the student. To alleviate this, a stronger, interdisciplinary dialogue among the singing and dance teachers who are involved in the genre of musical theatre needs to be developed. The authors suggest collaborative teaching as a means to develop the teaching methods and as the pathway to attaining a common base when integrating the skills of singing and dancing.
Influence of parentage upon growth in Ostrea edulis: evidence for inbreeding depression
Authors: NACIRI-GRAVEN YAMAMA , LAUNEY SOPHIE , LEBAYON NICOLAS , GERARD ANDRE , BAUD JEAN-PIERRE
Published: July 2002

Genetic variability for growth was analysed in three populations of Ostrea edulis, selected for
resistance to the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae. This study was undertaken first to determine
the potential for selection for growth in populations that have never been selected for this
character, and second to estimate heterosis versus inbreeding depression. Growth was monitored in
culture for 10 months. The selected populations (namely S85-G3, S89I-G2 and S89W-G2), their
crossbred population and a control population were composed of full-sib families whose parents
were already genotyped using five microsatellite markers. This genotyping allowed the estimation
of genetic relatedness among pairs of parents. The parents' relatedness was then correlated with
the growth performance of their offspring within each of the three populations, and inbreeding
depression was estimated. The population effect for growth was highly significant, with the
crossbred population having the highest growth rate, followed by S89I-G2 and S89W-G2, S85-G3
and the control population. The within-populations family effect was also highly significant,
indicating, as well as the high value for heritability at the family level (between 0·57 and 0·92), that
a potential for a further selection for growth still exists within the three populations. Estimates of
inbreeding depression (relative to the mean, for complete inbreeding) were high (1 for S891-G2,
0·44 for S89W-G2 and between 0·02 and 0·43 for S85-G3), which correlates with the apparent
heterosis for growth observed in the crossbred population. These results are discussed in the
context of the future management of the selected populations.
QTL mapping of genotype–environment interaction for
fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: FRY JAMES D. , NUZHDIN SERGEY V. , PASYUKOVA ELENA G. , MACKAY TRUDY F. C.
Published: July 2002

A fundamental assumption of models for the maintenance of genetic

variation by environmental
heterogeneity is that selection favours alternative alleles in different

environments. It is not clear,
however, whether such antagonistic pleiotropy is common. We mapped quantitative
trait loci
(QTLs) causing variation for reproductive performance in each of three
environmental treatments
among a set of 98 recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from a cross between
two D.
melanogaster laboratory strains. The three treatments were standard

medium at 25°C, ethanol-supplemented medium at 25°C, and standard

medium at 18°C. The RI lines showed highly
significant genotype–environment interaction for the fitness measure.
Of
six QTLs with significant
effects on fitness in at least one of the environments, five had
significantly different effects at the
different temperatures. In each case, the QTL by temperature interaction
arose because the QTL
had stronger effects at one temperature than at the other. No evidence
for QTLs with opposite
fitness effects in different environments was found. These results,
together with those of recent
studies of crop plants, suggest that antagonistic pleiotropy is a relatively
uncommon form of
genotype–environment interaction for fitness, but additional studies

of natural populations are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Recombination and the power of statistical tests of
neutrality
Authors: WALL JEFFREY D.
Published: July 2002

Two new test statistics were constructed to detect departures from the equilibrium neutral theory
that tend to produce genealogies with longer internal branches (e.g. population subdivision or
balancing selection). The new statistics are based on a measure of linkage disequilibrium between
adjacent pairs of segregating sites. Simulations were run to determine the power of these and
previously proposed test statistics to reject an island model of geographic subdivision. Unlike
previous power studies, this one uses a coalescent model with recombination. It is found that
recombination rates on the order of the mutation rate substantially reduce the power of most test
statistics, and that one of the new test statistics is generally more powerful than the others. Two
suggestions are made for increasing the power of the statistical tests examined here. First, they can
be made more powerful if critical values are obtained from simulations that condition on a lower
bound for the population recombination rate. Secondly, for the same total length sequenced,
power is increased if independent loci are considered instead of a single contiguous stretch.
A transmission/disequilibrium test approach to screen for
quantitative trait loci in two selected lines of Large White pigs
Authors: BINK MARCO C. A. M. , TE PAS MARINUS F. W. , HARDERS FRANK L. , JANSS LUC L. G.
Published: July 2002

Pedigree and marker data from a multiple-generation pig selection experiment have been analysed
to screen for loci affecting quantitative traits (QTL). Pigs from a base population were selected
either for low backfat thickness at fixed live weight (L-line) or high live weight at fixed age (F-line). Selection was based on single-trait own performance and DNA was available on selected
individuals only. Genotypes for three marker loci with known positions on chromosome 4 were
available. The transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) was originally described in human genetics
to test for linkage between a genetic marker and a disease-susceptibility locus, in the presence of
association. Here, we adapt the TDT to test for linkage between a marker and QTL favoured by
selection, and for linkage disequilibrium between them in the base population. The a priori
unknown distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis, no linkage, was obtained via
Monte Carlo simulation. Significant TDT statistics were found for markers AFABP and SW818 in
the F-line, indicating the presence of a closely linked QTL affecting growth performance. In the L-line, none of the markers studied showed significance. This study emphasizes the potential of the
TDT as a quick and simple approach to screen for QTL in situations where marker genotypes are
available on selected individuals. The results suggest that previously identified QTL in crosses of
genetically diverse breeds may also segregate in commercial selection lines.
Chromosomal effects on male and female components of
sperm precedence in Drosophila
Authors: CIVETTA ALBERTO , CLARK ANDREW G.
Published: July 2002

Recent experiments with Drosophila have demonstrated that the success of sperm in multiply
mated females depends on the genotype of both the male and the female. To further characterize
the distinction between male and female roles in sperm success, we scored variation in both sexes
in sperm competitive ability among a set of chromosome replacement lines that allow identification
of effects to each chromosome. We detected significant male and female effects on sperm
precedence, defined as the ability of a male's ejaculate to displace resident sperm (P2) or avoid
being displaced by subsequent matings (P1). Tests of effects of first, second and third chromosome
substitutions revealed significant differences among third chromosomes in male sperm precedence
(both P1 and P2) and a first × second chromosome interaction in female's effect on sperm
precedence (only P1). We found no significant correlation between male and female effects on
sperm precedence, suggesting that the variation found in both P1 and P2 has a different genetic
cause in the two sexes.
Petrology and geochemistry of the Kruuse Fjord Gabbro Complex,

East Greenland
Authors: ARNASON JOHN G. , BIRD DENNIS K. , BERNSTEIN STEFAN , ROSE NICHOLAS M. , MANNING CRAIG E.
Published: July 2002

The Kruuse Fjord Gabbro Complex is a composite intrusion of

layered gabbro and troctolite with subordinate ultramafic rocks and

minor trondhjemitic bodies. It was emplaced into Archaean continental

crust of East Greenland during early Tertiary rifting of Greenland from

Eurasia. The work to date has identified an outer gabbro series and an

inner troctolite series, and these are separated by a narrow zone of

trondhjemitic intrusions. In the southeast, the partially crystallized

cumulates of the gabbro series were intruded by a lenticular,

ultramafic pluton 800 m in thickness. Volumetrically minor,

syenite–trachyandesite net-veined dykes and later, diabase dykes

cross-cut the plutonic rocks. Structural and topographic features

suggest that the layered rocks were affected by synmagmatic subsidence

and deformation but not by monoclinal coastal flexure.

The gabbro series is composed of a marginal gabbro unit, about 20 m

wide, bordering more than a 2 km thickness of layered olivine and

magnetite gabbro cumulates. The marginal gabbro is interpreted to be

chilled magma. The layered cumulates are the product of repeated

injections of magma that fractionated in an open-system magma chamber.

Anorthositic and troctolitic layers in the lower part of the sequence

may represent inputs of magma and suggest that the order of cumulus

mineral crystallization was (1) plagioclase (An39–85),

(2) olivine (Fo46–82), (3) augite

(Wo28–47En39–58Fs8–18
) and (4) magnetite. The disappearance of cumulus magnetite and a

reversal in mineral compositions at 1.5 km from the base of the

succession suggests a major input of magma occurred at this height. In

the troctolite series, the composition of cumulus minerals, mineral

crystallization sequence and style of emplacement are similar to those

in the gabbro series. The ultramafic pluton is composed of

coarse-grained wehrlite, olivine melagabbro and troctolite that were

formed by at least three injections of magma. The typical mineral

crystallization sequence was (1) cumulus chromite and olivine

(Fo84–88); (2) poikilitic chrome diopside

(Wo29–51En43–63Fs3–13
); and (3) intercumulus plagioclase (An75–90),

phlogopite, apatite and localized disseminated sulphides containing

Au and platinum-group elements.

Comparison of crystallization sequences and the major and trace

element compositions of clinopyroxene suggests that the gabbroic and

troctolitic rocks formed from a magma represented by the chilled

marginal gabbro, a tholeiitic basalt magma similar to E-MORB, whereas

the ultramafic rocks formed from a magma that was relatively enriched

in incompatible trace elements and volatiles. The association of

these two magma types is an example of bimodal mafic–ultramafic

magmatism in a rifting environment.