bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanotentacle‐Structured Magnetic Particles for Efficient Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Jo Seong‐Min , Lee Joong‐jae , Heu Woosung , Kim Hak‐Sung
Published: December 2014

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have attracted considerable attention as promising markers for diagnosing and monitoring the cancer status. Despite many technological advances in isolating CTCs, the capture efficiency and purity still remain challenges that limit clinical practice. Here, the construction of “nanotentacle”‐structured magnetic particles using M13‐bacteriophage and their application for the efficient capturing of CTCs is demonstrated. The M13‐bacteriophage to magnetic particles followed by modification with PEG is conjugated, and further tethered monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal receptor 2 (HER2). The use of nanotentacle‐structured magnetic particles results in a high capture purity (>45%) and efficiency (>90%), even for a smaller number of cancer cells (≈25 cells) in whole blood. Furthermore, the cancer cells captured are shown to maintain a viability of greater than 84%. The approach can be effectively used for capturing CTCs with high efficiency and purity for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer status.
A Brown Mesoporous TiO2‐x/MCF Composite with an Extremely High Quantum Yield of Solar Energy Photocatalysis for H2 Evolution
Authors: Xing Mingyang , Zhang Jinlong , Qiu Bocheng , Tian Baozhu , Anpo Masakazu , Che Michel
Published: December 2014

A brown mesoporous TiO2‐x/MCF composite with a high fluorine dopant concentration (8.01 at%) is synthesized by a vacuum activation method. It exhibits an excellent solar absorption and a record‐breaking quantum yield (Φ = 46%) and a high photon–hydrogen energy conversion efficiency (η = 34%,) for solar photocatalytic H2 production, which are all higher than that of the black hydrogen‐doped TiO2 (Φ = 35%, η = 24%). The MCFs serve to improve the adsorption of F atoms onto the TiO2/MCF composite surface, which after the formation of oxygen vacancies by vacuum activation, facilitate the abundant substitution of these vacancies with F atoms. The decrease of recombination sites induced by high‐concentration F doping and the synergistic effect between lattice Ti3+–F and surface Ti3+–F are responsible for the enhanced lifetime of electrons, the observed excellent absorption of solar light, and the photocatalytic production of H2 for these catalysts. The as‐prepared F‐doped composite is an ideal solar light‐driven photocatalyst with great potential for applications ranging from the remediation of environmental pollution to the harnessing of solar energy for H2 production.
γ‐Brasses with Spontaneous Magnetization: Atom Site Preferences and Magnetism in the Fe‐Zn and Fe‐Pd‐Zn Phase Spaces
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Liu Jing , Pecharsky Vitalij , Miller Gordon J.
Published: December 2014

The γ‐brasses in the binary Fe‐Zn system were re‐examined as part of the discovery of a new series of Fe‐Pd‐Zn γ‐brass compounds in the Zn‐rich region of the Fe‐Pd‐Zn phase space. Fe2+xZn11–x, x = 1.60(4)–1.99(9), and FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y, x = 0.08(5)–2.46(8); y = 0.00(1)–1.44(4), all crystallize in the cubic crystal system, space group I$\bar{4}$3m, with corresponding ranges of the lattice parameter of 8.977(1)–8.979(1) Å and 9.1028(4)–9.0347(2) Å as x increases, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the binary Fe‐Zn system, iron atoms preferentially occupy the outer tetrahedron (OT) sites and partially mix with zinc atoms at the inner tetrahedron (IT) sites in the 26‐atom γ‐brass clusters. At the refined upper limit of Fe content, Fe atoms also replace Zn atoms at the octahedron (OH) sites. For the ternaries FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y, refined site occupancies revealed three distinct patterns: (i) at low Fe content (x < 0.2), Fe/Pd and Pd/Zn mixing occurs, respectively, at the OT and OH sites; (ii) at intermediate Fe content (x ≈ 0.7), Fe/Pd and Fe/Zn mixing occurs, respectively, at the OT and IT sites; and (iii) at high Fe content (x > 0.9), Fe mixes at the IT (with Zn), OT (with Pd), and OH (with Zn) sites. Magnetization measurements of the Fe‐rich (x > 0.9) ternary phases indicate ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic responses, which are consistent with the results of electronic structure calculations on “FePdZn11” used to model this phase. In addition, a Mulliken population analysis of the different sites in the 26‐atom γ‐brass cluster also provide a rationale for the complex behavior of atomic site occupancies vs. composition in both Fe2+xZn11–x and FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y.
Mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase deficiency: urinary organic acid profiles and expanded spectrum of mutations
Authors: Pitt James J. , Peters Heidi , Boneh Avihu , Yaplito‐Lee Joy , Wieser Stefanie , Hinderhofer Katrin , Johnson David , Zschocke Johannes
Published: December 2014

Mitochondrial 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMCS2) deficiency results in episodes of hypoglycemia and increases in fatty acid metabolites. Metabolite abnormalities described to date in HMCS2 deficiency are nonspecific and overlap with other inborn errors of metabolism, making the biochemical diagnosis of HMCS2 deficiency difficult. Urinary organic acid profiles from periods of metabolic decompensation were studied in detail in HMCS2‐deficient patients from four families. An additional six unrelated patients were identified from clinical presentation and/or qualitative identification of abnormal organic acids. The diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis of the HMGCS2 gene. Seven related novel organic acids were identified in urine profiles. Five of them (3,5‐dihydroxyhexanoic 1,5 lactone; trans‐5‐hydroxyhex‐2‐enoate; 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone; 5‐hydroxy‐3‐ketohexanoate; 3,5‐dihydroxyhexanoate) were identified by comparison with synthesized or commercial authentic compounds. We provisionally identified trans‐3‐hydroxyhex‐4‐enoate and 3‐hydroxy‐5‐ketohexanoate by their mass spectral characteristics. These metabolites were found in samples taken during periods of decompensation and normalized when patients recovered. When cutoffs of adipic >200 and 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone >20 μmol/mmol creatinine were applied, all eight samples taken from five HMCS2‐deficient patients during episodes of decompensation were flagged with a positive predictive value of 80 % (95 % confidence interval 35–100 %). Some ketotic patients had increased 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone. Molecular studies identified a total of 12 novel mutations, including a large deletion of HMGCS2 exon 1 in two families, highlighting the need to perform quantitative gene analyses. There are now 26 known HMGCS2 mutations, which are reviewed in the text. 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyrone and related metabolites are markers for HMCS2 deficiency. Detection of these metabolites will streamline the biochemical diagnosis of this disorder.
Pränataler Array
Authors: Held Karsten R. , Zahn Susanne
Published: December 2014

Wegen des Fehlens stringenter Indikationskriterien hat sich die Microarray-CGH in der Pränataldiagnostik nur schwer etablieren können. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse von 4626 pränatalen Chromosomenanalysen wurden Kriterien für die Indikationsstellung zur Durchführung der Microarray-CGH in der Pränataldiagnostik festgelegt und 6 Indikationsstellungen definiert. Nach den festgelegten Indikationsstellungen wurden von insgesamt 14.766 pränatal durchgeführten zytogenetischen Untersuchungen 337 (2,3 %) mittels Microarray-CGH untersucht. Bei 279 Feten mit strukturellen Auffälligkeiten im Ultraschall betrug der Anteil gesichert pathogener CNV 7,9 % und bei 58 Feten mit auffälligen, nach konventioneller Diagnostik/FISH nicht eindeutigen zytogenetischen Befunden 56,9 %. Der mithilfe der Microarray-CGH gefundene Anteil von 16,3 % mit klinisch relevanten Imbalancen, welche mittels konventioneller Zytogenetik nicht oder nicht hinreichend diagnostiziert werden konnte, spricht für die Wirksamkeit der festgelegten Indikationsstellungen.
Biomechanical comparison of semi-rigid pediatric locking nail versus titanium elastic nails in a femur fracture model
Authors: Flinck Marianne , von Heideken Johan , Janarv Per-Mats , Wåtz Veronica , Riad Jacques
Published: December 2014

Background

The treatment for length-unstable diaphyseal femur fractures among school-age children is commonly intramedullary elastic nails, with or without end caps. Another possible treatment is the semi-rigid pediatric locking nail (PLN). The purpose of this biomechanical study was to assess the stability of a length-unstable oblique midshaft fracture in a synthetic femur model stabilized with different combinations of intramedullary elastic nails and with a PLN.

Methods

Twenty-four femur models with an intramedullary canal diameter of 10.0 mm were used. Three groups with various combinations of titanium elastic nails (TEN) with end caps and one group with a PLN were tested. An oblique midshaft fracture was created, and the models underwent compression, rotation, flexion/extension, and a varus/valgus test, with 50 and 100 % of the forces generated during walking in corresponding planes.

Results

We present the results [median (range)] from 100 % loading during walking. In axial compression, the PLN was less shortened than the combination with two 4.0-mm TEN [by 4.4 (3.4–5.4) mm vs. 5.2 (4.8–6.6) mm, respectively; p = 0.030]. No difference was found in shortening between the PLN and the four 3.0-mm TEN [by 7.0 (3.3–8.4) mm; p = 0.065]. The two 3.0-mm TEN did not withstand the maximum shortening of 10.0 mm. In external rotation, the PLN rotated 12.0° (7.0–16.4°) while the TEN models displaced more than the maximum of 20.0°. No model withstood a maximal rotation of 20.0° internal rotation. In the four-point bending test, in the coronal and the sagittal plane, all combinations except the two 3.0-mm TEN in extension withstood the maximum angulation of 20.0°.

Conclusions

PLN provides the greatest stability in all planes compared to TEN models with end caps, even though the difference from the two 4.0-mm or four 3.0-mm TEN models was small.
Can We Spin Straw Into Gold? An Evaluation of Immigrant Legal Status Imputation Approaches
Authors: Van Hook Jennifer , Bachmeier James D. , Coffman Donna L. , Harel Ofer
Published: December 2014

Researchers have developed logical, demographic, and statistical strategies for imputing immigrants’ legal status, but these methods have never been empirically assessed. We used Monte Carlo simulations to test whether, and under what conditions, legal status imputation approaches yield unbiased estimates of the association of unauthorized status with health insurance coverage. We tested five methods under a range of missing data scenarios. Logical and demographic imputation methods yielded biased estimates across all missing data scenarios. Statistical imputation approaches yielded unbiased estimates only when unauthorized status was jointly observed with insurance coverage; when this condition was not met, these methods overestimated insurance coverage for unauthorized relative to legal immigrants. We next showed how bias can be reduced by incorporating prior information about unauthorized immigrants. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of the best-performing statistical method for increasing power. We used it to produce state/regional estimates of insurance coverage among unauthorized immigrants in the Current Population Survey, a data source that contains no direct measures of immigrants’ legal status. We conclude that commonly employed legal status imputation approaches are likely to produce biased estimates, but data and statistical methods exist that could substantially reduce these biases.
A Franks’ lemma that preserves invariant manifolds
Authors: GOURMELON NIKOLAZ
Published: December 2014

D’après un célèbre lemme de John Franks, toute perturbation de la différentielle d’un difféomorphisme$f$le long d’une orbite périodique est réalisée par une$C^{1}$-perturbation$g$du difféomorphisme sur un petit voisinage de ladite orbite. On n’a cependant aucune information sur le comportement des variétés invariantes de l’orbite périodique après perturbation. Nous montrons que si la perturbation de la dérivée est obtenue par une isotopie le long de laquelle existent les variétés stables/instables fortes de certaines dimensions, alors on peut faire la perturbation ci-dessus en préservant les variétés stables/instables semi-locales correspondantes. Ce résultat a de nombreuses applications en systèmes dynamiques de classes$C^{1}$. Nous en démontrons quelques unes.
Universal curves in the center problem for Abel differential equations
Authors: BRUDNYI ALEXANDER
Published: December 2014

We study the center problem for the class ${\mathcal{E}}_{{\rm\Gamma}}$ of Abel differential equations $dv/dt=a_{1}v^{2}+a_{2}v^{3}$, $a_{1},a_{2}\in L^{\infty }([0,T])$, such that images of Lipschitz paths $\tilde{A}:=(\int _{0}^{\cdot }a_{1}(s)\,ds,\int _{0}^{\cdot }a_{2}(s)\,ds):[0,T]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{2}$ belong to a fixed compact rectifiable curve ${\rm\Gamma}$. Such a curve is said to be universal if whenever an equation in ${\mathcal{E}}_{{\rm\Gamma}}$ has center on $[0,T]$, this center must be universal, i.e. all iterated integrals in coefficients $a_{1},a_{2}$ of this equation must vanish. We investigate some basic properties of universal curves. Our main results include an algebraic description of a universal curve in terms of a certain homomorphism of its fundamental group into the group of locally convergent invertible power series with the product being the composition of series, explicit examples of universal curves, and approximation of Lipschitz triangulable curves by universal ones.
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES ON ARBITRARY DEPRIVATION OF NATIONALITY AND REFUGEE STATUS
Authors: Lambert Hélène
Published: December 2014

The question of whether arbitrary deprivation of nationality constitutes persecution for the purposes of a determination of refugee status has received increased attention in recent jurisprudence. However, no systematic argument has been made to date on the ordinary meaning of words, context, object and purpose of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees as it applies to stateless refugees. This is an important question because the absence of determination procedures and a protection regime specifically for stateless persons in many jurisdictions makes refugee and/or complementary protection the only options. This article examines existing landmark judicial decisions worldwide, relevant UN documents, and academic writing on whether arbitrary deprivation of nationality, either on its own or when taken with other forms of harm, amounts to persecution within the meaning of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Refugee Convention, and if so on what grounds. It concludes by suggesting when (arbitrary) deprivation of nationality should lead to a finding of persecution, based on good practice, and points to a global consensus on a new rights perspective concerning nationality.
Investigation ofATP6V1B1andATP6V0A4genes causing hereditary hearing loss associated with distal renal tubular acidosis in Iranian families
Authors: Zeinali F , Mohseni M , Fadaee M , Fattahi Z , Najmabadi H , Otukesh H , Kahrizi K
Published: December 2014

Background:

Hearing defects are the most common sensory disorders, affecting 1 out of every 500 newborns.ATP6V1Bmutations are associated with early sensorineural hearing loss, whereasATP6V0A4mutations are classically associated with either late-onset sensorineural hearing loss or normal hearing.ATP6V1B1andATP6V0A4genetic mutations cause recessive forms of distal renal tubular acidosis.

Method:

Ten unrelated deaf Iranian families with distal renal tubular acidosis were referred to the Genetics Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran. All exons of theATP6V1B1andATP6V0A4genes were sequenced in affected family members.

Results:

We identified a previously reportedATP6V1B1frameshift mutation (P385fsX441) in two families and a nucleotide substitution in exon 10 (P346R) in three families. In addition, one patient was homozygous for a novel nucleotide substitution in exon 3.

Conclusion:

ATP6V1B1genetic mutations were detected in more than half of the families studied. Mutations in this gene therefore seem to be the most common causative factors in hearing loss associated with distal renal tubular acidosis in these families.
Diagnosis of incidental thyroid nodules on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging: are these significant?
Authors: Sharma S D , Jacques T , Smith S , Watters G
Published: December 2014

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of thyroid malignancy in the first UK case series of patients with incidentally detected thyroid lesions on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging.

Methods:

A total of 235 patients were evaluated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging. Incidental focal uptake in the thyroid gland was identified in nine patients (3.8 per cent). A retrospective review of their case notes was conducted.

Results:

The rate of malignancy was 55 per cent. The mean and standard deviation of the maximum standardised uptake value was 13.1 ± 7.3 in those patients with malignancy and a nodule identified as positive on positron emission tomography. This value was 2.8 ± 1.2 in those patients without malignancy but with a nodule identified as positive on positron emission tomography (p = 0.01). A palpable thyroid nodule was more likely in those with malignant lesions (p = 0.14).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of incidental thyroid lesions found on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with other primary malignancies is low, but the incidence of malignancy in these patients is high. Patients with a palpable thyroid nodule, focal uptake on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and an increased maximum standardised uptake value require further investigation.
Strong terahertz radiation generation by beating of two x-mode spatial triangular lasers in magnetized plasma
Authors: Varshney Prateek , Sajal Vivek , Baliyan Sweta , Sharma Navneet K. , Chauhan Prashant K. , Kumar Ravindra
Published: December 2014

Resonant THz radiation generation is proposed by beating of two spatial-triangular laser pulses of different frequencies (ω1, ω2) and wave numbers $\lpar \vec k_1 \comma \; \vec k_2 \rpar $ in plasma having external static magnetic field. Laser pulses co-propagating perpendicular to a dc magnetic field exert a nonlinear ponderomotive force on plasma electrons, imparting them an oscillatory velocity with finite transverse and longitudinal components. Oscillatory plasma electrons couple with periodic density ripples n′ = nq0eiqz to produce a nonlinear current, i.e., responsible for resonantly driving terahertz radiation at $\lpar {\rm \omega} = {\rm \omega} _1 - {\rm \omega} _2 \comma \; \vec k = \vec k_1 - \vec k_2 + \vec q\rpar $. Effects of THz wave frequency, laser beam width, density ripples, and applied magnetic field are studied for the efficient THz radiation generation. The frequency and amplitude of THz radiation were observed to be better tuned by varying dc magnetic field strength and parameters of density ripples (amplitude and periodicity). An efficiency about 0.02 is achieved for laser intensity of 2 × 1015 W/cm2 in a plasma having density ripples about 30%, plasma frequency about 1 THz and magnetic field about 100 kG.
Organochlorine contaminants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in eggs and embryos of Antarctic birds
Authors: Colabuono Fernanda I. , Taniguchi Satie , Petry Maria V. , Montone Rosalinda C.
Published: December 2014

Organochlorine contaminants (OCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in the eggs of five bird species from the South Shetland Islands. Additionally, OCs and PBDEs were also analysed in embryos of two species. The concentration ranges in eggs were (ng g-1wet weight) 2.11 to 541 for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), <0.25 to 0.88 for PBDEs, 2.45 to 405 forp,p’-DDE and 1.50 to 603 for mirex. The PCBs were predominant in the eggs ofMacronectes giganteus,Catharacta antarcticaandLarus dominicanus, whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was the major compound found in the eggs ofPygoscelis antarcticusandSterna vittata. The PBDE congeners were detected only in the eggs ofC. antarctica(PBDE 47 and 153) andS. vittata(PBDE 47). There were differences in OC concentrations of up to two orders of magnitude betweenM. giganteusembryos which were related to the development stage and OC concentrations in the respective eggs. Trophic ecology and post-breeding dispersal exerted an influence on contaminant patterns. Comparisons with data from the literature indicate an increase in the concentrations of some OCs over recent years.
New population estimates of a critically endangered species, the Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus, based on coastal migration counts
Authors: ARROYO GONZALO M. , MATEOS-RODRÍGUEZ MARÍA , MUÑOZ ANTONIO R. , DE LA CRUZ ANDRÉS , CUENCA DAVID , ONRUBIA ALEJANDRO
Published: December 2014

The Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus is considered one of the most threatened seabirds in the world, with the breeding population thought to be in the range of 2,000–3,200 breeding pairs, from which global population has been inferred as 10,000 to 15,000 birds. To test whether the actual population of Balearic Shearwaters is larger than presently thought, we analysed the data from four land-based census campaigns of Balearic Shearwater post-breeding migration through the Strait of Gibraltar (mid-May to mid-July 2007–2010). The raw results of the counts, covering from 37% to 67% of the daylight time throughout the migratory period, all revealed figures in excess of 12,000 birds, and went up to almost 18,000 in two years. Generalised Additive Models were used to estimate the numbers of birds passing during the time periods in which counts were not undertaken (count gaps), and their associated error. The addition of both counted and estimated birds reveals figures of between 23,780 and 26,535 Balearic Shearwaters migrating along the north coast of the Strait of Gibraltar in each of the four years of our study. The effects of several sources of bias suggest a slight potential underestimation in our results. These figures reveal the urgent need to reformulate the population viability analysis for the species, and then if necessary reconsider its conservation status.
Burden of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Following Humanitarian Emergencies: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hayman Kaitlin G. , Sharma Davina , Wardlow Robert D. , Singh Sonal
Published: December 2014

Background

The global burden of cardiovascular mortality is increasing, as is the number of large-scale humanitarian emergencies. The interaction between these phenomena is not well understood. This review aims to clarify the relationship between humanitarian emergencies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Methods

With assistance from a research librarian, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Global Health) were searched in January 2014. Findings were supplemented by reviewing citations of included trials. Observational studies reporting the effect of natural disasters and conflict events on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults since 1997 were included. Studies without a comparison group were not included. Double-data extraction was utilized to abstract information on acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Review Manager 5.0 (Version 5.2, The Nordic Cochrane Centre; Copenhagen Denmark,) was used to create figures for qualitative synthesis.

Results

The search retrieved 1,697 unique records; 24 studies were included (17 studies of natural disasters and seven studies of conflict). These studies involved 14,583 cardiac events. All studies utilized retrospective designs: four were population-based, 15 were single-center, and five were multicenter studies. Twenty-three studies utilized historical controls in the primary analysis, and one utilized primarily geographical controls.

Discussion

Conflicts are associated with an increase in long-term morbidity from ACS; the short-term effects of conflict vary by study. Natural disasters exhibit heterogeneous effects, including increased occurrence of ACS, ADHF, and SCD.

Conclusions

In certain settings, humanitarian emergencies are associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality that may persist for years following the event. Humanitarian aid organizations should consider morbidity from noncommunicable disease when planning relief and recuperation projects.

HaymanKG, SharmaD, WardlowRDII, SinghS. Burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following humanitarian emergencies: a systematic literature review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(1):1-9.
Clinical assessment of psychotic and mood disorder symptoms for risk of future violence
Authors: Scott Charles L. , Resnick Phillip J.
Published: December 2014

This article reviews important components to consider when evaluating the relationship of psychotic and mood disorder symptoms to violence. Particular attention is given to assessing persecutory delusions and command auditory hallucinations. Clinical implications of research findings to evaluating violence risk in psychiatric patients are reviewed.
Lexicality, frequency and stress assignment effects in bilingual children reading Italian as a second language
Authors: BELLOCCHI STÉPHANIE , BONIFACCI PAOLA , BURANI CRISTINA
Published: December 2014

In Italian, developing readers exhibit lexicality and frequency effects, and are sensitive to the distributional properties of the language. But how do bilingual children with different ages of first L2 (Italian) exposure and L2 vocabulary sizes read L2 words and pseudowords? Two reading aloud experiments investigated lexicality, frequency and stress assignment effects in fourth- and fifth-grade bilinguals and monolinguals. Naming latencies and pronunciation accuracy were analyzed. In Experiment 1, effects of lexicality and frequency and between-group differences emerged. In Experiment 2, the word frequency effect was confirmed. Late bilinguals, characterized by a smaller L2 vocabulary size, were less accurate than early bilinguals and monolinguals in assigning non-dominant stress. As with monolinguals, lexical information seems to be employed when reading Italian as a second language. Furthermore, bilingual readers are sensitive to the distributional properties of the language. Stress assignment is affected by the L2 lexicon size of second-language learners.
LARGE INTERVAL SOLUTION OF THE EMDEN–FOWLER EQUATION USING A MODIFIED ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD WITH AN INTEGRATING FACTOR
Authors: LIN YINWEI , LU TZON-TZER , CHEN CHA’O-KUANG
Published: December 2014

We propose a new Adomian decomposition method (ADM) using an integrating factor for the Emden–Fowler equation. With this method, we are able to solve certain Emden–Fowler equations for which the traditional ADM fails. Numerical results obtained from testing our linear and nonlinear models are far more reliable and efficient than those from existing methods. We also present a complete error analysis and a convergence criterion for this method. One drawback of the traditional ADM is that the interval of convergence of the Adomian truncated series is very small. Some techniques, such as Pade approximants, can enlarge this interval, but they are too complicated. Here, we use a continuation technique to extend our method to a larger interval.
SOLVING INFINITE-HORIZON OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS USING THE HAAR WAVELET COLLOCATION METHOD
Authors: NAZEMI ALIREZA , MAHMOUDY NEDA
Published: December 2014

We consider infinite-horizon optimal control problems. The main idea is to convert the problem into an equivalent finite-horizon nonlinear optimal control problem. The resulting problem is then solved by means of a direct method using Haar wavelets. A local property of Haar wavelets is applied to simplify the calculation process. The accuracy of the present method is demonstrated by two illustrative examples.
‘A Veritable Mountain of Data and Years of Endless Statistical Manipulation’: Methods in theThree Worldsand After
Authors: Barrientos Armando
Published: December 2014

This article assesses the methodological contribution of Esping-Andersen's Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism to welfare regime analysis. It revisits the methods deployed in the Three Worlds and assesses their influence on the practice of welfare regime researchers. It finds that welfare regime researchers have embraced the methods presented in the Three Worlds in a piecemeal fashion. Data reduction techniques, such as cluster and latent variable techniques, compete with index construction as the tools of choice for identifying clusters. Although regression analysis has been used extensively in linking welfare programme design and outcomes with welfare regimes, few researchers have followed Esping-Andersen in employing regression analysis in the context of linking policy and politics. Qualitative comparative analysis methods are increasingly employed by welfare regime researchers as an alternative. Finally, the article considers the methodological implications associated with extending welfare regime analysis globally.
FRENCH LIBERALISM’S “INDIAN DETOUR”: LOUIS DUMONT, THE INDIVIDUAL, AND LIBERAL POLITICAL THOUGHT IN POST-1968 FRANCE
Authors: COLLINS JACOB
Published: December 2014

Liberalism in France has typically been concerned with political, rather than economic, issues. Its classic texts—those of Constant, Guizot, and Tocqueville—were written in the aftermath of the Revolution, and reflected on the historical and political problems that grew out of it: the nature of the modern state, the rights and duties of the individual, and the nexus of institutions that mediated their relationship. These writings defined the contours of modern French liberalism, and became a key resource for thinkers in the late 1970s, notably Pierre Rosanvallon and Marcel Gauchet, who were looking for ways to revitalize the liberal-democratic project. In his 1985 study of Guizot, Rosanvallon could regret that “the question of liberalism in French political culture of the nineteenth century is ‘missing’ in contemporary thought.”1If the task of political theory was to recover this intellectual tradition, what were the terms of the recovery? Which ideas were missing from the conceptual landscape of the 1970s to inspire it?
Linking access and benefit-sharing for crop genetic resources to climate change adaptation
Authors: Winge Tone
Published: December 2014

This article links the concept of access and benefit-sharing as it pertains to crop genetic resources to climate change adaptation and argues that systems for access and benefit-sharing can, and should, be designed to contribute to climate change adaptation for agriculture. The access and benefit-sharing provisions of the two international agreements that together provide the international legal framework for access and benefit-sharing – the Convention on Biological Diversity (with its Nagoya Protocol) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture – are presented and analysed. How these agreements are implemented is central to adaptation, as the effects of climate change threaten crop genetic resources and future adaptive capacity, and, if properly maintained and utilized, crop genetic resources will be essential to climate change adaptation across the globe. This article, therefore, argues that an important adaptation strategy linked to such implementation is to direct benefit-sharing for crop genetic resources towards adaptation efforts and to ensure facilitated and efficient access to crop genetic resources for adaptation purposes. Some options for how this can be pursued at both the international and national level are offered.
THE EXPRESSIVE POWER OF TRUTH
Authors: FISCHER MARTIN , HORSTEN LEON
Published: December 2014

There are two perspectives from which formal theories can be viewed. On the one hand, one can take a theory to be about some privileged models. On the other hand, one can take all models of a theory to be on a par. In contrast with what is usually done in philosophical debates, we adopt the latter viewpoint. Suppose that from this perspective we want to add an adequate truth predicate to a background theory. Then on the one hand the truth theory ought to be semantically conservative over the background theory. At the same time, it is generally recognised that the central function of a truth predicate is an expressive one. A truth predicate ought to allow us to express propositions that we could not express before. In this article we argue that there are indeed natural truth theories which satisfy both the demand of semantical conservativeness and the demand of adequately extending the expressive power of our language.
SUPERVALUATION ON TREES FOR KRIPKE’S THEORY OF TRUTH
Authors: HANSEN CASPER STORM
Published: December 2014

A method of supervaluation for Kripke’s theory of truth is presented. It differs from Kripke’s own method in that it employs trees; results in a compositional semantics; assigns the intuitively correct truth values to the sentences of a particularly tricky example of Gupta’s; and – it is argued – is acceptable as an explication of the correspondence theory of truth.
Distance to the Object and Social Representations: Replication and Further Evidences
Authors: Dany Lionel , Apostolidis Themis , Harabi Sofiene
Published: December 2014

Distance to the object is a new approach that highlights the complex nature of the link between groups and social representations. It is composed of three elements: knowledge, involvement, and level of practices associated with the social object. This study aims to replicate a previous study that has demonstrated the validity of distance to the object in order to explore social representations of cannabis. We carried out a research on the social representations of cocaine. Respondents (n = 200) completed a questionnaire including opinions related to cocaine and constitutive elements of the distance to cocaine. The regression analysis on the representational dimensions revealed a significant effect of the distance variable on two dimensions (social facilitator, addiction and social dangerousness). The groups that were “distant” from the object showed stronger adherence to the normative component than to the functional component of SR, in opposition to those who were “close” to the object. The concept of distance to the object is thus heuristic as it offers an integrative grid of reading that permits to understand and highlight the link individuals maintain with a social representation.
Society for Pediatric Psychology Award for Outstanding Mentorship: Mentoring: An Early Kansas Model
Authors: Christophersen Edward R.
Published: December 2014

The most rewarding aspect of mentoring is sharing your insights and knowledge with the future leaders in the field. The objective of this article is to share the most important lessons I have learned from my own mentors and from decades of mentoring some of the best and brightest students in pediatric psychology. Young professionals in the field need to know their medical subspecialty almost as comprehensively as they know psychology. Find out what the patients and practitioners need, and adapt your training to be effective in the medical setting. Identify your professional goals and archive your contributions regularly to assist you in advancing your career. Find a mentor who has the skills, experiences, and connections you desire for your own future. Then pay it forward and mentor the next generation of leaders who will continue to expand and improve the field of pediatric psychology.
Dynamically controlling the emission of single excitons in photonic crystal cavities
Authors: Pagliano Francesco , Cho YongJin , Xia Tian , van Otten Frank , Johne Robert , Fiore Andrea
Published: December 2014

Single excitons in semiconductor microcavities represent a solid state and scalable platform for cavity quantum electrodynamics, potentially enabling an interface between flying (photon) and static (exciton) quantum bits in future quantum networks. While both single-photon emission and the strong coupling regime have been demonstrated, further progress has been hampered by the inability to control the coherent evolution of the cavity quantum electrodynamics system in real time, as needed to produce and harness charge–photon entanglement. Here using the ultrafast electrical tuning of the exciton energy in a photonic crystal diode, we demonstrate the dynamic control of the coupling of a single exciton to a photonic crystal cavity mode on a sub-nanosecond timescale, faster than the natural lifetime of the exciton. This opens the way to the control of single-photon waveforms, as needed for quantum interfaces, and to the real-time control of solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.
A tetrahelical DNA fold adopted by tandem repeats of alternating GGG and GCG tracts
Authors: Kocman Vojč , Plavec Janez
Published: December 2014

DNA can form diverse higher-order structures, whose details are greatly dependent on nucleotide sequence. G-rich sequences containing four or more repeats of three guanines are expected to form G-quadruplexes. Here we show that DNA sequences with GGGAGCG repeats found in the regulatory region of the PLEKHG3 gene are capable of forming tetrahelical DNA structures that are distinct from G-quadruplexes. The d(GGGAGCGAGGGAGCG) sequence, VK1, forms a dimer. Two VK1 sequences connected by an adenine residue, VK2, fold into a monomer, which shares identical structural characteristics with the VK1 fold. Their four-stranded architectures are stabilized by four G-C, four G-A and six G-G base pairs. No G-quartets or Hoogsteen-type hydrogen-bonded guanine residues are present and the overall topology is conserved in the presence of Li+, Na+, K+ and NH4+ ions. Unique structural features include two edgewise loops on each side of the structure stabilized by three G-G base pairs in N1-carbonyl symmetric geometry.
The regions within the N-terminus critical for human glucagon like peptide-1 receptor (hGLP-1R) cell Surface expression
Authors: Thompson Aiysha , Kanamarlapudi Venkateswarlu
Published: December 2014

The hGLP-1R is a target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and belongs to the class B family of GPCRs. Like other class B GPCRs, the GLP-1R contains an N-terminal signal peptide (SP) and undergoes N-linked glycosylation, which are important for its trafficking and maturation. This study analysed the role of the SP, the hydrophobic region after the SP (HRASP), glycosylation and the conserved residues within the N-terminus in GLP-1R trafficking. HGLP-1R targeted to the cell surface showed no SP and the SP deleted mutant, but not the mutants defective in SP cleavage, showed cell surface expression, demonstrating the importance of SP cleavage for hGLP-1R cell surface expression. The N-terminal deletions of hGLP-1R revealed that the HRASP, not the SP, is essential for cell surface expression of GLP-1R. Further, inhibition of hGLP-1R glycosylation prevented cell surface expression of the receptor. Mutation of Trp39, Tyr69 and Tyr88, which are required for agonist binding, in the GLP-1R abolished cell surface expression of the receptor independent of the SP cleavage or N-linked glycosylation. In conclusion, the N-terminus of hGLP-1R regulates receptor trafficking and maturation. Therefore this study provides insight into the role of hGLP-1R N-terminus on the receptor cell surface expression.
Digital Quantum Rabi and Dicke Models in Superconducting Circuits
Authors: Mezzacapo A. , Las Heras U. , Pedernales J. S. , DiCarlo L. , Solano E. , Lamata L.
Published: December 2014

We propose the analog-digital quantum simulation of the quantum Rabi and Dicke models using circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). We find that all physical regimes, in particular those which are impossible to realize in typical cavity QED setups, can be simulated via unitary decomposition into digital steps. Furthermore, we show the emergence of the Dirac equation dynamics from the quantum Rabi model when the mode frequency vanishes. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of this proposal under realistic superconducting circuit scenarios.
Arsenolipids in oil from blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou – evidence for arsenic-containing esters
Authors: Taleshi Mojtaba S. , Raber Georg , Edmonds John S. , Jensen Kenneth B. , Francesconi Kevin A.
Published: December 2014

Arsenic-containing lipids in the oil from the blue whiting fish (Micromesistius poutassou) were separated into three broad polarity groups and investigated by HPLC and mass spectrometry. A total of 11 arsenolipids including 4 new compounds were identified. The polar lipid fraction constituting 24% of the total arsenolipid content (which totalled 2.16 μg As/g) contained four known dimethylarsinoyl fatty acids and three known dimethylarsinoyl hydrocarbons. The less polar fraction (ca 30% of the total arsenolipids) contained four new dimethylarsinoyl hydrocarbons with chain lengths 22–30 carbons, in addition to more complex arsenicals that hydrolysed to known dimethylarsinoyl fatty acids suggesting they were conjugated carboxylic acids, presumably esters. The rest of the lipid-soluble arsenic (ca 45% of the total) remained in the non-polar fraction together with the bulk of the fish oil lipids, a complex mixture of compounds that precluded identification of the small amounts of arsenolipids.
Sorting of human mesenchymal stem cells by applying optimally designed microfluidic chip filtration
Authors: Jung Heekyung , Chun Myung-Suk , Chang Mi-Sook
Published: December 2014

This paper presents sorting of human stem cells by applying optimally designed microfluidic chips based on the hydrodynamic filtration principle.
Label-free phenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes by infrared imaging
Authors: Verdonck M. , Garaud S. , Duvillier H. , Willard-Gallo K. , Goormaghtigh E.
Published: December 2014

FTIR imaging enables to effectively discriminate lymphocyte subpopulations without antibody labelling.
An infrared spectral signature of human lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood
Authors: Wald N. , Legat A. , Meyer C. , Speiser D. E. , Goormaghtigh E.
Published: December 2014

Peripheral blood cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), helper T cells (CD4+) and regulatory T cells (T reg) have unique spectral signatures in the mid-infrared.
Enhancement of the colorimetric response of enzymatic reactions by thermally evaporated plasmonic thin films: application to glial fibrillary acidic protein
Authors: Abel Biebele , Kabir Tabassum S. , Odukoya Babatunde , Mohammed Muzaffer , Aslan Kadir
Published: December 2014

Enzymatic reactions can be enhanced by thermally evaporated plasmonic thin films (silver, copper, gold and nickel).
A simple and sensitive assay for the determination of nitrite using folic acid as the fluorescent probe
Authors: Lu Lixia , Chen Chuanxia , Zhao Dan , Yang Fan , Yang Xiurong
Published: December 2014

The fluorescence intensity of folic acid enhanced significantly upon exposure to UV radiation with the addition of NO2−.
A paperfluidic device for dental applications using a novel patterning technique
Authors: Jagirdar A. , Shetty P. , Satti S. , Garg S. , Paul D.
Published: December 2014

We have developed a fully printable paperfluidic chip for monitoring oral health.
A novel strategy to determine As, Cr, Hg and V in drinking water by ICP-MS/MS
Authors: Amaral Clarice D. B. , Amais Renata S. , Fialho Lucimar L. , Schiavo Daniela , Amorim Tatiane , Nogueira Ana Rita A. , Rocha Fábio R. P. , Nóbrega Joaquim A.
Published: December 2014

Trace element determination exploiting MS/MS mode and reaction with oxygen gas.
Synthesis of highly monodisperse porous manganese oxide spheres using a butyric acid microemulsion
Authors: Ching Stanton , Richter Ian J. , Tutunjian Kathryn A. , Kriz David A. , Kovic Yumi
Published: December 2014

Highly monodisperse manganese oxide spheres are generated by self-assembly using a butyric acid microemulsion.
SERS optrode as a “fishing rod” to direct pre-concentrate analytes from superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Fan Meikun , Cheng Fansheng , Wang Cong , Gong Zhengjun , Tang Changyu , Man Changzhen , Brolo Alexandre G.
Published: December 2014

SERS optrodes were used to “fish” aqueous drops from superhydrophobic surfaces, which led to an improvement of 2–3 orders of magnitude in sensitivity. 20 pg of the pesticide triazophos was detected by this method.
Non-redox metal ion promoted oxygen transfer by a non-heme manganese catalyst
Authors: Chen Zhuqi , Yang Ling , Choe Cholho , Lv Zhanao , Yin Guochuan
Published: December 2014

Non-redox metal ions can help the dissociation of the dinuclear Mn2(iii,iv) core, leading to sharp improvement in its oxygen transfer efficiency.
Synthesized ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets perpendicular to graphene for catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Deng Z. H. , Li L. , Ding W. , Xiong K. , Wei Z. D.
Published: December 2014

The S atoms bind to active sites of RGO for the nucleation of MoS2 and its subsequent growth perpendicular to RGO.
Organotemplate-free synthesis of an open-framework magnesium aluminophosphate with proton conduction properties
Authors: Mu Ying , Wang Yanyan , Li Yi , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong
Published: December 2014

A facile organotemplate-free route has been developed to synthesize a new open-framework magnesium aluminophosphate with proton conduction properties.
Functional helquats: helical cationic dyes with marked, switchable chiroptical properties in the visible region
Authors: Reyes-Gutiérrez Paul E. , Jirásek Michael , Severa Lukáš , Novotná Pavlína , Koval Dušan , Sázelová Petra , Vávra Jan , Meyer Andreas , Císařová Ivana , Šaman David , Pohl Radek , Štěpánek Petr , Slavíček Petr , Coe Benjamin J. , Hájek Miroslav , Kašička Václav , Urbanová Marie , Teplý Filip
Published: December 2014

Helically chiral styryl dyes with large ECD in the visible region are introduced.
C–H activation dependent Pd-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides and polyfluoroarenes
Authors: Lian Zhong , Friis Stig D. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: December 2014

The first intermolecular Pd-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of aryl bromides relying on C–H activation is presented.
Three-dimensional porous stretchable and conductive polymer composites based on graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition and PEDOT:PSS coating
Authors: Chen Mengting , Duan Shasha , Zhang Ling , Wang Zhihui , Li Chunzhong
Published: December 2014

The porous CVD graphene–PEDOT:PSS–PDMS composite has outstanding electrical performance, including higher electrical conductivity and better resistance retention capacity than the CVD graphene–PDMS composite.
Novel lysosome targeted molecular transporter built on a guanidinium-poly-(propylene imine) hybrid dendron for efficient delivery of doxorubicin into cancer cells
Authors: Nair Jyothi B. , Mohapatra Saswat , Ghosh Surajit , Maiti Kaustabh K.
Published: December 2014

A new dendron-based octa-guanidine appended molecular transporter with a lysosomal targeted peptide–doxorubicin conjugate. The transporter is found non-toxic, lysosomal selectivity while the conjugate showed significant cytotoxicity.
Explicit calculation of the excited electronic states of the photosystem II reaction centre
Authors: Frankcombe Terry J.
Published: December 2014

The excited states of the photosystem II reaction centre cofactors have been calculated as a single “supermolecule”. Charge transfer states are shown to be dependent on electrostatic environment.
Ionic liquid-functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient support for the chiral salen Mn(iii) complex in asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins
Authors: Zheng Weiguo , Tan Rong , Yin Shenfu , Zhang Yaoyao , Zhao Guangwu , Chen Yaju , Yin Donghong
Published: December 2014

Chiral salen Mn(iii) complex covalently grafted on IL-functionalized GO sheet, was a highly efficient, universal and reusable catalyst for asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins using aqueous NaOCl as an oxidant.