bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religion and Education
Authors: Knight Mark
Published: May 2015

Convinced that the lessons of Victorian religion are more positive and more varied than we sometimes think, this essay explores different ways in which Christianity in particular sought to educate people in the nineteenth century. In doing so, the essay questions some of the perspectives on religion passed down through the critical tradition, particularly the idea that a hermeneutics of suspicion should be our primary mode of interpretation. While suspicion plays an important role in our critical reading, it can also blind us to important aspects of Victorian religion and education, such as the very different attitudes towards education among Victorian Christians; the extent to which educational thought and practice were shaped by belief; the attempts to widen educational provision (through Sunday schools and Ragged schools, for instance); the instruction offered through devotional practices, hymns, and church; and the pervasiveness of preaching in Victorian life and literary culture.
Music Therapy Research
Authors: Wheeler Barbara L.
Published: May 2015

Music therapy is a diverse field and music therapy research increasingly reflects that diversity. Many methods and approaches are used to examine the various facets of music therapy practice and theory. This chapter provides an overview of music therapy research, and provides basic information about how research is conducted in this field. Research methods in music therapy research are similar to those used in other healthcare disciplines. A range of methods are reviewed and presented including; experimental research and Randomized Controlled Trials, Participatory Action Research, Grounded Theory, and Phenomenological methods.
Music Therapy for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bergmann Thomas
Published: May 2015

Music as a non-verbal form of communication and play addresses the core features of autism, such as social impairments, limited speech, stereotyped behaviors, sensory-perceptual impairments, and emotional dysregulation; thus music-based interventions are well established in therapy and education. Music therapy approaches are underpinned by behavioral, creative, sensory-perceptional, developmental, and educational theory and research. The effectiveness of music therapy in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reflected by a huge number of studies and case reports; current empirical studies aim to support evidence-based practice. A treatment guide for improvisational music therapy provides unique interventions to foster social skills, emotionality, and flexibility; in developmental approaches, the formation of interpersonal relationships is key. Since ASD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, music therapy is also appropriate in the treatment of adults with intellectual disability. Diagnostic approaches using musical-interactional settings to assess ASD symptomatology are promising, especially in non-speakers.
The Field of Play
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: May 2015

Music therapists create spaces for innovation and change. These spaces are full of processes that encourage healing. The field of play is an approach that focuses on how to be fully human and fully alive to the other and to oneself. This notion of “being with” is more expansive than therapeutic presence. It does not offer procedures or protocols that attempt to change behavior, mood, attitude, or ability to function in any direct way. Instead, the field of play provides an opportunity to attend to the ground of being. Being is a deeply philosophical notion that is full of mystery. The field of play assumes that if one gives attention to this ground as primary engagement, then the specific techniques and procedures used in music therapy will be more effective. The seven energy fields in the field of play represent a new way of thinking about theory and practice.
Music Therapy for People Who Have Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Clair Alicia
Published: May 2015

A description of the current state of music therapy research with those who have dementia and the future of music therapy in dementia care is provided in this chapter. The contents stem from many years of experience as a board-certified music therapist with those who have dementia and their care givers, and it culminates learning from clinical practice and research in the development of a theoretical framework and practice knowledge. Deep appreciation is expressed for all care receivers, and their care givers, who allowed music therapy to become part of their lives and who consented to participate in the development of knowledge to share with others. This chapter provides: (a) A review of selected clinical research studies in music therapy and dementia care, (b) updated dementia information that has implications for current music therapy practice, (c) a theoretical framework for music therapy, and (d) the theoretical principles that guide clinical music therapy practice with care receivers and caregivers.
Contributions from Philosophy
Authors: Nielsen Cynthia , Norton Michael Barnes
Published: May 2015

Gender, like race, is a controversial and volatile topic. We encounter one another as embodied and thus gendered beings. But what precisely is gender? What does it mean to be feminine? This chapter offers a philosophical analysis of the concept of gender and discourses about gender. The opening sections begin with a discussion of key terms and distinctions such as gender essentialism, gender as a social construction, the distinction between gender and (biological) sex, gender realism and nominalism, and so forth. Specific examples—both historical and contemporary—are employed to elucidate the claim that gender is socially constructed. Two sections are devoted to prominent feminist philosophers, Judith Butler and Linda Martín Alcoff. The topics addressed in these sections include: Butler’s notion of performing gender and her rejection of the gender/sex distinction, and Alcoff’s development of gender as positionality and fluid identity and her historically and materially sensitive version of gender realism.
Right Hemisphere Damage and Prosody
Authors: Leon Susan A. , Rodriguez Amy D. , Rosenbek John C.
Published: May 2015

Communication requires interdependent functioning of large portions of the brain, and damage to any of these systems can disrupt effective and appropriate communication. Damage to the right hemisphere or basal ganglia can result in difficulty using or understanding prosodic contours in speech. Prosody includes pitch, loudness, rate, and voice quality, and is used to convey emotional connotation or linguistic intent. A disorder in the comprehension or production of prosody is known as aprosodia; affective aprosodia is a specific deficit affecting emotional or affective prosodic contours. The right hemisphere has been shown to play a critical role in processing emotional prosody and aprosodia syndromes resulting from damage to right hemisphere areas have been proposed. These include an expressive aprosodia resulting from anterior damage and a receptive aprosodia resulting from more posterior damage. Assessment and diagnosis of aprosodia in clinical settings are often perceptually based; however, acoustic analyses of means and ranges of frequency, intensity, and rate provide an instrumented analysis of prosody production. The treatment of aprosodia following stroke has received scant attention in comparison to other disorders of communication, although a few studies investigating cognitive–linguistic and imitative treatments have reported some positive results.
Psychotherapy for Psychopathology During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Wenzel Amy , Stuart Scott , Koleva Hristina
Published: May 2015

Psychotherapy is often the treatment of choice for perinatal women who wish to limit their fetus’s or infant’s medication exposure. The vast majority of empirical research that has examined psychotherapy for perinatal women has focused on depression. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been examined in several studies to determine their efficacy in perinatal depression and anxiety. Recent research has begun to examine the manner in which psychotherapies can be delivered in alternative formats (e.g., teletherapy) in order to overcome problems with treatment retention and compliance. Suggestions for future research include large-scale randomized controlled trials that compare two active approaches to psychotherapy, mediation studies to uncover the mechanisms of change associated with the successful treatment of perinatal women, and randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of psychotherapy for mental health disorders other than depression.
Introduction
Authors: Wenzel Amy
Published: May 2015

Childbearing women experience a host of emotional experiences and demands for adjustment. The past two decades have witnessed an abundance of research on pregnancy, lactation, and the transition to parenthood. This research cuts across many disciplines and often requires an understanding of biological and psychosocial processes outside the typical training for professionals in any one discipline. The Handbook of Perinatal Psychology was compiled to provide a comprehensive overview and evaluation of literature in the field, written by experts in a number of these disciplines to illustrate both typical and atypical experiences associated with childbirth. This Handbook includes chapters on typical psychological, biological, relational, and developmental experiences in women and newborns; an array of mental health problems associated with the transition to parenthood; approaches for screening, assessing, and treating adjustment problems in the transition to parenthood; other problems associated with childbearing; and special issues associated with childbearing.
Range bagging: a new method for ecological niche modelling from presence-only data
Authors: Drake John M.
Published: May 2015

The ecological niche is the set of environments in which a population of a species can persist without introduction of individuals from other locations. A good mathematical or computational representation of the niche is a prerequisite to addressing many questions in ecology, biogeography, evolutionary biology and conservation. A particularly challenging question for ecological niche modelling is the problem of
presence-only modelling
. That is, can an ecological niche be identified from records drawn only from the set of niche environments without records from non-niche environments for comparison? Here, I introduce a new method for ecological niche modelling from presence-only data called
range bagging
. Range bagging draws on the concept of a species'
environmental range
, but was inspired by the empirical performance of ensemble learning algorithms in other areas of ecological research. This paper extends the concept of environmental range to multiple dimensions and shows that range bagging is computationally feasible even when the number of environmental dimensions is large. The target of the range bagging base learner is an environmental tolerance of the species in a projection of its niche and is therefore an ecologically interpretable property of a species' biological requirements. The computational complexity of range bagging is linear in the number of examples, which compares favourably with the main alternative, Qhull. In conclusion, range bagging appears to be a reasonable choice for niche modelling in applications in which a presence-only method is desired and may provide a solution to problems in other disciplines where one-class classification is required, such as outlier detection and concept learning.
Intrinsic tensile properties of cocoon silk fibres can be estimated by removing flaws through repeated tensile tests
Authors: Rajkhowa Rangam , Kaur Jasjeet , Wang Xungai , Batchelor Warren
Published: May 2015

Silk fibres from silkworm cocoons have lower strength than spider silk and have received less attention as a source of high-performance fibres. In this work, we have used an innovative procedure to eliminate the flaws gradually of a single fibre specimen by retesting the unbroken portion of the fibre, after each fracture test. This was done multiple times so that the final test may provide the intrinsic fibre strength. During each retest, the fibre specimen began to yield once the failure load of the preceding test was exceeded. For each fibre specimen, a composite curve was constructed from multiple tests. The composite curves and analysis show that strengths of mass-produced Muga and Eri cocoon silk fibres increased from 446 to 618 MPa and from 337 to 452 MPa, respectively. Similarly, their toughness increased from 84 to 136 MJ m−3and from 61 to 104 MJ m−3, respectively. Composite plots produced significantly less inter-specimen variations compared to values from single tests. The fibres with reduced flaws as a result of retests in the tested section have a tensile strength and toughness comparable to naturally spun dragline spider silk with a reported strength of 574 MPa and toughness of 91–158 MJ m−3, which is used as a benchmark for developing high-performance fibres. This retesting approach is likely to provide useful insights into discrete flaw distributions and intrinsic mechanical properties of other fatigue-resistant materials.
Assessing costs of carrying geolocators using feather corticosterone in two species of aerial insectivore
Authors: Fairhurst Graham D. , Berzins Lisha L. , Bradley David W. , Laughlin Andrew J. , Romano Andrea , Romano Maria , Scandolara Chiara , Ambrosini Roberto , Dawson Russell D. , Dunn Peter O. , Hobson Keith A. , Liechti Felix , Marchant Tracy A. , Norris D. Ryan , Rubolini Diego , Saino Nicola , Taylor Caz M. , Whittingham Linda A. , Clark Robert G.
Published: May 2015

Despite benefits of using light-sensitive geolocators to track animal movements and describe patterns of migratory connectivity, concerns have been raised about negative effects of these devices, particularly in small species of aerial insectivore. Geolocators may act as handicaps that increase energetic expenditure, which could explain reported effects of geolocators on survival. We tested this ‘Energetic Expenditure Hypothesis’ in 12 populations of tree swallows (
Tachycineta bicolor
) and barn swallows (
Hirundo rustica
) from North America and Europe, using measurements of corticosterone from feathers (CORT
f
) grown after deployment of geolocators as a measure of physiology relevant to energetics. Contrary to predictions, neither among- (both species) nor within-individual (tree swallows only) levels of CORT
f
differed with respect to instrumentation. Thus, to the extent that CORT
f
reflects energetic expenditure, geolocators apparently were not a strong handicap for birds that returned post-deployment. While this physiological evidence suggests that information about migration obtained from returning geolocator-equipped swallows is unbiased with regard to levels of stress, we cannot discount the possibility that corticosterone played a role in reported effects of geolocators on survival in birds, and suggest that future studies relate corticosterone to antecedent factors, such as reproductive history, and to downstream fitness costs.
The role of biotic forces in driving macroevolution: beyond the Red Queen
Authors: Voje Kjetil L. , Holen Øistein H. , Liow Lee Hsiang , Stenseth Nils Chr.
Published: May 2015

A multitude of hypotheses claim that abiotic factors are the main drivers of macroevolutionary change. By contrast, Van Valen's Red Queen hypothesis is often put forward as the sole representative of the view that biotic forcing is the main evolutionary driver. This imbalance of hypotheses does not reflect our current knowledge: theoretical work demonstrates the plausibility of biotically driven long-term evolution, whereas empirical work suggests a central role for biotic forcing in macroevolution. We call for a more pluralistic view of how biotic forces may drive long-term evolution that is compatible with both phenotypic stasis in the fossil record and with non-constant extinction rates. Promising avenues of research include contrasting predictions from relevant theories within ecology and macroevolution, as well as embracing both abiotic and biotic proxies while modelling long-term evolutionary data. By fitting models describing hypotheses of biotically driven macroevolution to data, we could dissect their predictions and transcend beyond pattern description, possibly narrowing the divide between our current understanding of micro- and macroevolution.
A conserved genetic mechanism specifies deutocerebral appendage identity in insects and arachnids
Authors: Sharma Prashant P. , Tarazona Oscar A. , Lopez Davys H. , Schwager Evelyn E. , Cohn Martin J. , Wheeler Ward C. , Extavour Cassandra G.
Published: May 2015

The segmental architecture of the arthropod head is one of the most controversial topics in the evolutionary developmental biology of arthropods. The deutocerebral (second) segment of the head is putatively homologous across Arthropoda, as inferred from the segmental distribution of the tripartite brain and the absence of Hox gene expression of this anterior-most, appendage-bearing segment. While this homology statement implies a putative common mechanism for differentiation of deutocerebral appendages across arthropods, experimental data for deutocerebral appendage fate specification are limited to winged insects. Mandibulates (hexapods, crustaceans and myriapods) bear a characteristic pair of antennae on the deutocerebral segment, whereas chelicerates (e.g. spiders, scorpions, harvestmen) bear the eponymous chelicerae. In such hexapods as the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, and the cricket,Gryllus bimaculatus, cephalic appendages are differentiated from the thoracic appendages (legs) by the activity of the appendage patterning genehomothorax(hth). Here we show that embryonic RNA interference againsththin the harvestmanPhalangium opilioresults in homeonotic chelicera-to-leg transformations, and also in some cases pedipalp-to-leg transformations. In more strongly affected embryos, adjacent appendages undergo fusion and/or truncation, and legs display proximal defects, suggesting conservation of additional functions ofhthin patterning the antero-posterior and proximo-distal appendage axes. Expression signal of anterior Hox geneslabial,proboscipediaandDeformedis diminished, but not absent, inhthRNAi embryos, consistent with results previously obtained with the insectG. bimaculatus. Our results substantiate a deep homology across arthropods of the mechanism whereby cephalic appendages are differentiated from locomotory appendages.
Notification that new names of prokaryotes, new combinations, and new taxonomic opinions have appeared in volume 65, part 1, of the IJSEM
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: May 2015

This listing of names of prokaryotes published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol
41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles).
List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
Comparison Between Non-Catheterized And Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections Caused By Extended Spectrum B-Lactamase ProducingEscherichia ColiAndKlebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Ashraf Fouzia , Iram Shagufta , Riaz Gul-e-zar , Rasheed Farhan , Shaukat Mahmood
Published: May 2015

Catheter associated urinary tract infection’s (CAUTI) account for more than 80% of all healthcare associated infections (HAIs) as compared to non-catheterized urinary tract infections. Catheter associated urinary tract infections occur on the third day after insertion of catheter in patients having urinary tract infection (UTI). In long term catheter use, bio-film form along the catheter which increases the risk of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Most common pathogens involved were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which produce the enzymes Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs).

Objective:

To compare the frequency of ESBLs in catheterized and non-catheterized UTI infections.

Materials and Methods:

This comparative study was conducted at the Microbiology Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, from June 2014 to January 2015. Urine samples were cultured according to WHO protocol and antimicrobial Susceptibility testing was performed byModified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion Method.Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested for ESBL production by phenotypic confirmatory method of disk diffusion synergy using a disc of amoxicillin-clavulonate (30μg) and ceftrixone (30μg), cefotaxime (30μg) and aztreonam (30μg) discs.

Results:

Out of 300 positive urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from CAUTI, 65.33% were ESBL producing isolates whereas out of 300 positive urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from non-catheterized UTI, 47.66% were ESBL producing isolates. The results were highly significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Results showed that frequency of ESBLs were higher in catheterized patients as compared to non-catheterized patients. This is suggestive of a need for regular screening and surveillance for ESBL producing organisms. Patients infected with these organisms should be nursed with contact precautions to avoid the spread of nosocomial infection.
A hardware implementation of intelligent ECG classifier
Authors: Tran Hoai Linh , Pham Van Nam , Nguyen Duc Thao
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to design an intelligent ECG classifier using programmable IC technologies to implement many functional blocks of signal acquisition and processing in one compact device. The main microprocessor also simulates the TSK neuro-fuzzy classifier in testing mode to recognize the ECG beats. The design brings various theoretical solutions into practical applications.

Design/methodology/approach

– The ECG signals are acquired and pre-processed using the Field-Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) IC due to the ability of precise configuration of analog parameters. The R peak of the QRS complexes and a window of 300 ms of ECG signals around the R peak are detected. In this paper we have proposed a method to extract the signal features using the Hermite decomposition algorithm, which requires only a multiplication of two matrices. Based on the features vectors, the ECG beats are classified using a TSK neuro-fuzzy network, whose parameters are trained earlier on PC and downloaded into the device. The device performance was tested with the ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database to prove the correctness of the hardware implementations.

Findings

– The FPAA and Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) technologies allow us to integrate many signal processing blocks in a compact device. In this paper the device has the same performance in ECG signal processing and classifying as achieved on PC simulators. This confirms the correctness of the implementation.

Research limitations/implications

– The device was fully tested with the signals from the MIT-BIH databases. For new patients, we have tested the device in collecting the ECG signals and QRS detections. We have not created a new database of ECG signals, in which the beats are examined by doctors and annotated the type of the rhythm (normal or abnormal, which type of arrhythmia, etc.) so we have not tested the classification mode of the device on real ECG signals.

Social implications

– The compact design of an intelligent ECG classifier offers a portable solution for patients with heart diseases, which can help them to detect the arrhythmia on time when the doctors are not nearby. This type of device not only may help to improve the patients’ safety but also contribute to the smart, inter-networked life style.

Originality/value

– The device integrate a number of solutions including software, hardware and algorithms into a single, compact device. Thank to the advance of programmable ICs such as FPAA and PSoC, the designed device can acquire one channel of ECG signals, extract the features and classify the arrhythmia type (if detected) using the neuro-fuzzy TSK network in online mode.
Convergence analysis of Bessel beamformer and its comparison with LMS in adaptive array system
Authors: Yasin M. , Akhtar Pervez
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the convergence performance of Bessel beamformer, based on the design steps of least mean square (LMS) algorithm, can be named as Bessel LMS (BLMS) algorithm. Its performance is compared in adaptive environment with LMS in terms of two important performance parameters, namely; convergence and mean square error. The proposed BLMS algorithm is implemented on digital signal processor along with antenna array to make it smart in wireless sensor networks.

Design/methodology/approach

– Convergence analysis is theoretically developed and verified through MatLab Software.

Findings

– Theoretical model is verified through simulation and its results are shown in the provided table.

Originality/value

– The theoretical model can obtain validation from well-known result of Wiener filter theory through principle of orthogonality.
Intercultural communication competence and preferred public relations practices
Authors: Ni Lan , Wang Qi , De la Flor Maria
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine how individual-level intercultural communication competence (ICC) represented by cultural empathy, open-mindedness, and flexibility predicts preferred use of symmetrical, two-way, conservation, and ethical public relations practices (PRPs) among public relations (PRs) students.

Design/methodology/approach

– Structural equation modeling was used to analyze self-report data from 268 PRs students surveyed at a southern university.

Findings

– Results indicated that empathy, open-mindedness, and flexibility together significantly predicted the preferred use of all four PRPs. The three ICC variables each had a positive direct effect on symmetrical and ethical PRPs. Empathy and flexibility each had a positive direct effect on two-way and conservation PRPs.

Research limitations/implications

– This study provides evidence that the PRPs resulted from Excellence Theory, despite controversies over their practicality, are closely and positively related with ICC qualities such as empathy, open-mindedness, and flexibility among future practitioners. Future research should overcome the limitations in this study by examining current practitioners instead of PR students who are the future practitioners, investigating the PRP instruments’ criterion-related and construct validity, as well as exploring different levels and types of ICC.

Originality/value

– This study is new in bridging the gap between preferred PRPs and the qualities needed for those PRPs, thereby addressing two limitations in the current intercultural PRs research.
PSIM simulations of a dc SQUID magnetometer
Authors: Ogunyanda Kehinde , Fritz Wilfred , van Zyl Robert
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to report the modelling and simulation work that predicts the behaviours of both a Josephson junction (JJ) and a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). It is pertinent to predict the SQUID magnetometers’ behaviours via simulations, before subjecting them to real experiments because they are quite expensive to acquire, and can be easily damaged during test analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

– To achieve this, power simulation (PSIM) was used to model and simulate a JJ, using the basic equation that describes the effective current through it. A dc SQUID magnetometer, which is composed of two JJs, was then modelled and simulated using the modelled JJ. Thermal noise simulation is also included, to observe its effects on the magnetometer’s output. A directly coupled flux-locked loop circuit was later included in the simulation to amplify and linearise the SQUID’s output, which is usually sinusoidal.

Findings

– When steady bias currents were applied to the JJ, the resulting voltage across it was seen to oscillate. The JJ’s and SQUID’s voltage–current characteristics, and voltage–flux characteristics were also observed in the simulations, and the results respectively agree with the behaviours of a typical JJ and dc SQUID magnetometer.

Originality/value

– A way of simulating SQUIDs, without a superconducting simulation tool, is presented. The work provides a much simpler way of studying the behaviour of dc SQUID magnetometers, due to the easy accessibility and fast simulation capability of the software used, with an added advantage of being able to simulate the thermal noise effects, without having to import this facility from secondary software.
Decision-making framework for selecting ICT-based construction logistics systems
Authors: Fadiya Olusanjo , Georgakis Panos , Chinyio Ezekiel , Nwagboso Chris
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss an integrated decision analysis framework for the investment justification of implementing alternative information and communication technology (ICT)-based logistics systems in the construction industry so as to enhance the decision-making process in selecting the best alternative.

Design/methodology/approach

– An integrated framework is proposed that is composed of a set of interrelated evaluation and analysis techniques that allow the identification and quantification of costs, benefits and risks involved in implementing ICT systems to mitigate problems that hinder the efficient operation of construction logistics. Such techniques include decision trees and multi-attribute decision-making under uncertainty that can be applied to the logistics planning of any new build construction project.

Findings

– The probabilities of providing benefits vary among the alternatives, and the probabilities will replace the uncertainties surrounding the impacts of the alternative ICT systems in addressing the identified construction logistics problems with chance events so as to estimate the expected cost of each alternative with respect to each selection attribute.

Practical implications

– This paper shows that it is almost certain that the analysed alternative ICT system will provide benefit because its probability of benefit is almost equal to 1.

Originality/value

– The framework captures the existing problems of logistics in construction process, potential solution that can address the problems through the implementation of ICT systems and the decision-making process in the selection of appropriate ICT solution. The output of the framework will help to make knowledge-based decision in selecting the best ICT system for addressing construction logistics problems.
Compressive behaviour of polypropylene filled with iron ore tailings
Authors: Onitiri M.A. , Adedayo S.M.
Published: May 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to produce iron ore tailings reinforced polypropylene composites (ITR-PPCs) from conventional compo-casting (CC) and a proposed compo-indirect squeeze casting (C-ISC) processes. It intends to quantify the compressive behaviour of ITR-PPC with respect to production process, iron ore tailings volume and particle size inclusion in polypropylene (PP) through controlled material and compressive testing. The study aims to provide useful information on possibility of the use of ITR-PP for compressive applications which will culminate to judicious use of iron ore tailings that is been piled up as waste material at the iron ore beneficiation sites.

Design/methodology/approach

– ITR-PPC compression specimens were produced using C-ISC and CC processes. Prior to production, the iron ore tailings was dried at room temperature according to ASTM 618, ASTM 171 and ASTM E 41. The different particle sizes were generated using standard laboratory sieves. Uniaxial compressive test procedure according to ASTM D 695 was carried out on ITR-PPC compression specimens with length/diameter ratio equal to 2.0 under standard laboratory atmosphere on an Instrom 3,369 machine.

Findings

– It was discovered that pure PP produced using the C-ISC process exhibited better compressive strength and Young’s modulus of about 12 and 4.5 per cent, respectively, while a reduction of 9.2 per cent in yield strength was recorded. ITR-PPCs with 150-μm fillers produced from C-ISC process have lower yield stress, compressive strength and Young’s modulus at volume contents above 10 per cent. It also exhibited lower strain at fracture at volume content above 15 per cent, while composites filled with 212- and 300-μm particle size iron ore tailings using the C-ISC process had better strain at fracture.

Research limitations/implications

– The present work cannot ascertain the compressive behaviour of ITR-PPC produced from other production processes, hence the need for further work in this area.

Practical implications

– The paper provides an avenue to address the pollutant effect of iron ore tailings by putting it to judicious use through addition as fillers in plastics. It also removes the need for expensive and repeated experimentation to determine the compressive behaviour of ITR-PPCs.

Originality/value

– This paper has brought to fore the need to study iron ore tailings as filler in plastics and other material matrices.
Effects of intermedin on dorsal root ganglia in the transmission of neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury rats
Authors: Xiong Wei , Qiu Shu‐yi , Xu Ling‐yun , Zhang Chun‐ping , Yi Yun , Wu Qin , Huang Li‐ping , Liu Shuang‐mei , Wu Bing , Peng Li‐chao , Song Miao‐miao , Gao Yun , Liang Shang‐dong
Published: May 2015

Neuropathic pain is a common and severely disabling state that affects millions of people worldwide. The P2X3 receptor plays a crucial role in facilitating pain transmission. Intermedin (IMD), which is also known as adrenomedullin 2 (AMD2) is a newly discovered hormone that is a member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene‐related peptide family. The present research investigates the effects of IMD on pain transmission in neuropathic pain states as mediated by P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats were used as the neuropathic pain model. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: blank control group (Control), sham operation group (Sham), CCI rats treated with saline group (CCI+NS), CCI rats treated with IMD1–53 group (CCI+IMD1–53), and CCI rats treated with IMD inhibitor IMD14–47 group (CCI+IMD14–47). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was tested by the von Frey method, and the thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) was tested via automatic thermal stimulus instruments. Changes in the expression of P2X3 receptors and IMD in CCI rat L4/L5 DRG were detected using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. After treatment with intrathecal injection (i.t.), mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI+IMD1–53 group was maintained, but MWT and TWL in the CCI+IMD14–47 groups increased. The expression levels of P2X3 receptors and IMD in L4/L5 DRG in the CCI+NS and CCI+IMD1–53 groups were significantly increased compared with those in the Control group or the Sham group. After application of IMD14–47 in CCI rats, there was a decrease in the expression levels of P2X3 receptors and IMD in L4/L5 DRG. The phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in L4/L5 DRG in the CCI+NS group and the CCI+IMD1–53 group was stronger than that in the Control group or the Sham group; however, the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the CCI+IMD14–47 group was much lower than that in the CCI+NS group or the CCI+IMD1–53 group. Our findings indicate that IMD might increase the sensitization effects of IMD on P2X3 receptors to alleviate chronic neuropathic pain injury. The IMD agonist IMD1–53 might enhance nociceptive responses mediated by P2X3 receptors in neuropathic pain, and the IMD inhibitor IMD14–47 could inhibit the sensitization of the P2X3 receptor in chronic neuropathic pain injury.
Government Size and Tax Evasion: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Lixing , Ma Guangrong
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates how government size affects tax evasion in China. Using matched county‐firm data for 1998–2005, we estimate the impact of county government size on the relationship between a firm's reported profit and imputed profit based on the national income accounts. A larger government is found to be correlated with more severe tax evasion, especially for state‐owned and collectively‐owned firms. Such an effect is stronger when local governance become worse. This paper shows that a large government does not bring about a strong state capacity to enforce tax rules at the local level in China.
Can the dopaminergic‐related effects of general anesthetics be linked to mechanisms involved in drug abuse and addiction?
Authors: Melo A. , Tavares I. , Sousa N. , Pêgo J. M.
Published: May 2015

Background

General anesthetics (GA) are well known for the ability to induce a state of reversible loss of consciousness and unresponsiveness to painful stimuli. However, evidence from animal models and clinical studies show that GA exposure may induce behavioral changes beyond acute effects. Most research and concerns are focused on changes in cognition and memory.

Methods

We will look at effects of GA on behavior that is mediated by the dopaminergic system.

Results

Pharmacological resemblance of GA with drugs of abuse, and the complexity and importance of dopaminergic systems in both reward seeking and addictive illnesses make us believe that it deserves an overview about what is already known and what matters to us as healthcare workers and specifically as anesthesiologists.

Conclusion

A review of available evidence strongly suggests that there may be a link between the effects of GA on the brain and substance abuse, partly explained by their influence on the dopaminergic system.
What if it gets crowded? Density‐dependent tortuosity in individual movements of a Neotropical mammal
Authors: A. L. Almeida Paulo José , Vieira Marcus Vinícius , Prevedello Jayme Augusto , Kajin Maja , Forero‐Medina German , Cerqueira Rui
Published: May 2015

Effects of density dependence on animal movements have received much attention in ecology, but it is still debated to what extent dispersal and movements in general are density dependent, and their potential contribution to population regulation processes. Here, we determine the occurrence and nature of density dependence in the movements of a Neotropical marsupial, the black‐eared opossum Didelphis aurita Wied‐Neuwied 1826. Using spool‐and‐line tracking devices, we estimated the tortuosity of fine‐scale movements of 149 individuals by their fractal dimension D. We evaluated the relative importance of population size, reproductive or climatic seasons and reproductive maturity of individuals as determinants of movement tortuosity, using a model selection approach. Population size was the most important determinant of movement tortuosity, with season (climatic seasons for females, reproductive seasons for males) and reproductive maturity as secondary but also important variables. We detected a positive density‐dependent effect on movement tortuosity, resulting in more intensive use of areas by individuals during periods of high population size. This positive association between movement tortuosity and population size is more likely to result from intraspecific competition, which forces individuals to explore their environment more intensively during high‐density periods. Therefore, despite being density dependent, movements in D. aurita apparently do not contribute to population regulation mechanisms.
Effect of final irrigation protocols on push‐out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin
Authors: Leal Fernanda , Simão Renata Antoun , Fidel Sandra Rivera , Fidel Rivail Antônio Sérgio , do Prado Maíra
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different final irrigation protocols on push‐out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin. Eighty single‐rooted anterior teeth were used. The root canals were partially prepared using a rotary system and the final diameter was standardised using a #5 Gates‐Glidden drill prior to the push‐out bond test. During chemomechanical preparation, 5.25% NaOCl or 2% CHX gel was used. For smear layer removal, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or QMix 2 in 1 was applied for 3 min. As final irrigant, 1 mL of NaOCl, CHX solution or distilled water was used. On conclusion of preparation, canals were filled with gutta‐percha/AH Plus sealer. Bond strength was measured by the push‐out test. Data were statistically analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. The group NaOCl/EDTA/NaOCl showed significantly higher bond strength values than other groups. In all groups, there were mainly mixed failure patterns. It can be concluded that 5.25% NaOCl proved to be the best solution for the final irrigation when combined with EDTA. The final irrigation protocols affect the push‐out bond strength of AH Plus to dentin.
Correlates of major depressive disorder with and without comorbid alcohol use disorder nationally in the veterans health administration
Authors: Yoon Gihyun , Petrakis Ismene L. , Rosenheck Robert A.
Published: May 2015

Background and Objectives

This study assesses medical and psychiatric comorbidities, service utilization, and psychotropic medication prescriptions in veterans with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) relative to veterans with MDD alone.

Methods

Using cross‐sectional administrative data (fiscal year [FY]2012: October 1, 2011–September 30, 2012) from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), we identified veterans with a diagnosis of current (12‐month) MDD nationally (N = 309,374), 18.8% of whom were also diagnosed with current (12‐month) AUD. Veterans with both MDD and AUD were compared to those with MDD alone on sociodemographic characteristics, current (12‐month) medical and psychiatric disorders, service utilization, and psychotropic prescriptions. We then used logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of characteristics that were independently different between the groups.

Results

Dually diagnosed veterans with MDD and AUD, relative to veterans with MDD alone, had a greater number of comorbid health conditions, such as liver disease, drug use disorders, and bipolar disorder as well as greater likelihood of homelessness and higher service utilization.

Conclusions and Scientific Significance

Dually diagnosed veterans with MDD and AUD had more frequent medical and psychiatric comorbidities and more frequently had been homeless. These data suggest the importance of assessing the presence of comorbid medical/psychiatric disorders and potential homelessness in order to provide appropriately comprehensive treatment to dually diagnosed veterans with MDD and AUD and indicate a need to develop more effective treatments for combined disorders. (Am J Addict 2015;24:419 –426)
Investor Information Processing and Trading Volume
Authors: Ferguson Nicky J.
Published: May 2015

Examining the impact on New York Stock Exchange trading volume using a sample of global cross‐listed firms and distinct information sources from the United States and primary market countries, I show that investor utilization of information varies significantly with language, distance‐to‐source and visibility. Specifically, for firms with greater information processing frictions, such as those in non‐English speaking countries located a greater distance from the trading venue and with higher information asymmetries, investors rely on news from the firms' home market when making their trading decisions rather than United States news, whereas those with fewer information processing frictions utilize both sources of news.
High IgE levels to α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin and casein predict less successful cow's milk oral immunotherapy
Authors: Kuitunen M. , Englund H. , Remes S. , Movérare R. , Pelkonen A. , Borres M. P. , Mäkelä M. J.
Published: May 2015

Background

A new treatment option for persistent cow's milk allergy (CMA) is oral immunotherapy (OIT). Not all patients develop tolerance during therapy, and markers to identify those who will benefit from it are needed. The objective was to study the IgE and IgG4 antibody profiles to milk and milk proteins before and after OIT in relation to clinical outcome.

Methods

Seventy‐six children (5–17 years) with challenge‐verified CMA were subjected to a 6‐month OIT protocol. The treatment aimed at reaching a maintenance dose of 200 ml CM (high dose = HD). Those who did not reach target were analysed as a low‐dose (LD) group. Sera were characterized before and after OIT regarding serum levels of IgE and IgG4 to milk and five milk allergen components evaluated together with clinical CMA symptoms and outcome of OIT.

Results

Fifty‐five (72%) patients reached the maintenance dose (HD) during therapy. High specific IgE levels towards the milk allergens α‐lactalbumin (P = 0.048), β‐lactoglobulin (P = 0.006) and casein (P = 0.015) before OIT start were associated with lower maintenance dose reached. Patients who developed desensitization had a larger increase in IgG4 levels to α‐lactalbumin (P = 0.034), β‐lactoglobulin (P = 0.010), casein (P = 0.047) and lactoferrin (P = 0.030) during treatment than those who failed.

Conclusions

Component‐resolved diagnostics before OIT can help to identify children with lower probability of a successful OIT outcome, as high IgE levels to α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin and casein are associated with lower maintenance dose reached. An increase in the IgG4 concentration to milk components during treatment indicated effective desensitization.