bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on Ficus palmata (Wild Himalayan Fig)
Authors: Joshi Yogesh , Joshi Amit Kumar , Prasad Nondita , Juyal Divya
Published: March 2022

Traditionally, various plants are used for treatment of many diseases. Ficus palmata is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Moraceae. It contains a very juicy fruit and is used for making various products such as squash, jam and jelly from this fruit. The fruits contain chiefly sugars and mucilage and are principally used as an item of diet in several cases of constipation and in the diseases of the lungs and the bladder. The ficus palmata plant is used in various diseases, e.g. gastrointestinal disorders, hypoglycemia, tumour, ulcer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and fungal infections. Traditionally, stem latex is applied to extract spines deeply lodged in the flesh. The phytochemical screening of the Ficus palmata plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides and aerial parts of Ficus palmata utilizing liquid–liquid fractionation and different chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of a new isomer of psoralenoside namely, transpsoralenoside in addition to, one triterpene: germanicol acetate, two furanocoumarins: psoralene, bergapten, one aromatic acid vanillic acid and the flavone glycoside rutin. The ficus palmata fruit shows antioxidant activity using free radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities. The plant also shows in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanolic, ethanolic and water extracts. Fruit extract were analyzed against cervical cancer cell lines for antiproliferative activity while aqueous extract of Ficus palmata leaves showed dose dependant anticalcinogenic action. Ficus palmata total plant extract was found to show hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antiulcer and anticoagulant activity.
In-vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dry fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Biswas Kushal , Islam Ariful , Sharmi Tahmida , Biswas Pulak Kumar
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a common type of progressive neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by low level of neurotransmitter (acetylcholine), oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in brain stream. Effective treatment strategies rely mostly on either enhancing the cholinergic function of the brain by stimulating the cholinergic receptors, improve the level of acetylcholine from being a breakdown by cholinesterase enzymes or induce antioxidant therapy and anti-inflammatory agents. Phyllanthus emblica fruits are well known for its antioxidant activities with a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenols. A crude methyl extract (CME) of dry fruit of P. emblica evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity by Ellman’s method and were found active in inhibiting AChE and BuChE with IC50 of 53.88 µg/ml and 65.12 µg/ml respectively, which strongly implies that that the CME of P. emblica is a rich source of AChE and BuChE inhibitors.
Pharmacognostic evaluation of selected species of Caralluma genus
Authors: Bellamakondi Pavan Kumar , Godavarthi Ashok , Ibrahim Mohammed , M Ramachandra Naik. , Patel Rashmi Kanti
Published: March 2022

Objective: To establish a set of standardized parameters this will assist in identification of raw material of Caralluma species. Materials: The present study reports, detailed set of parameters from four species, Caralluma lasiantha, Caralluma umbellata, Caralluma attenuata and Caralluma diffusa, for powder characteristics, physicochemical evaluation, HPTLC fingerprint profile, and quantitative estimation of phytoconstituents that would contribute in the correct identity of the raw materials. Results: Various prominent cellular components were observed under the microscopic study, extractive values showed the presence of more water soluble compounds and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence nearly eight classes of phytoconstituents. HPTLC analysis showed the marked differences among species. Conclusion: The results of the present study serve as valuable information for correct identification of plant and determine its genuinity.
Undergraduate Female Students' Motivation and Perceived Self-efficacy in Mathematics
Authors: Thapa Dhan Kumari , Paudel Tara
Published: March 2022

This article aims to describe undergraduate-level female students’ motivation, interest, and perceived self-efficacy in mathematics. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. All 84 female students who were studying mathematics at the undergraduate level in the selected nine different campuses of Tribhuvan University (TU) of Kathmandu valley and one campus of Kathmandu University (KU) were included as a sample of the study. Data were collected from sample female students through a self-administered questionnaire. Female students were found to be motivated and encouraged by their parents and teachers to study mathematics at undergraduate level. Fifty-two percent of respondents were confident in obtaining A grade in mathematics but most of them have a moderate level of self-efficacy to learn mathematics concepts and theories. Self-efficacy belief is significantly higher among daughters of educated mothers (above high school) (79%) compared to daughters of mothers with high school education and below (43%). Perceived self-efficacy of the female students is influenced by various factors including the educational status of parents, family support, and teachers’ encouragement. Association between parents’ education and self-efficacy is found significant at p-value < 0.05. It can be said that parents’ education and teachers’ encouragement influence the mathematical self-efficacy of female students to some extent.
Tourism for Sustainable Livelihood in Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Gobinda
Published: March 2022

The main objective of the paper is to clarify the different adaptive strategies and livelihood pattern based on sports tourism initiatives in Nepali rural villages. The sustainable livelihood and adaptation of the natural resources especially in the rural areas of the country have been demanded to raise awareness and building capacity by attracting people from different countries through the organization of in-house and cross country tournaments and youth exchange programs. The livelihood is shaped as per the natural resources and other means provided in the area. This study has attempted to survey the climate change effects in the territory in long run. It has been possible by studying the changes and advancements experienced for twenty years back to today. While analyzing the different researches and studies of the past and the study has concluded that there are number of challenges despite of some progress and advancement in the livelihood. The majority of the population of Nepal resides in the rural areas so that the livelihood in general is critical in such areas. While studying for 20 years there have been changes and progresses in the livelihood pattern and adaptation strategies. The sports tourism has been found effective and efficient tool for the advocacy and lobbying in favor of livelihood promotion as well as sustainable development. The study and analysis of the documents have revealed that there has been tremendous efforts carried out in local level and more demand has been raised for national as well as international events. The sports tourism initiatives have been demanded for the accumulation of the climatic change effects as well as the environmental factors for poverty alleviation along with socio cultural prosperity.
Adjustment Problems Among College Students
Authors: Cadel Kabita Raj
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the adjustment problems of college students. The main objectives of the study were to assess the level of adjustment problem of college students and find out the relationship between adjustment problems and stress level. The sample consists of 300-college students 150 male and 150 female from Tribhuvan University Constituent and affiliated colleges in the Kathmandu Valley. The adjustment inventory for college students (AICS) by Dr A. K. P. Sinha and Dr R. P. Singh, Stress Measurement Scale developed by the British Heart Foundation (Stress and your Heart) were used. The methodology includes a descriptive survey design with a purposive sampling technique. The univariate statistics and Pearson’s Product-moment correlation method was used to analyze the data. Analysis of the result revealed that college students have an average level of adjustment and Among all adjustment area emotional adjustment was more pronounced than others. It was also found that male students were better adjusted than female students. The value of the correlation between stress and adjustment level were found positive(r>0) for both male and female students.
Documentation of Medicinal Tree Plants of Padma Kanya Multiple Campus area, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Lalita Bijukshe
Published: March 2022

The paper documents a Total 18 medicinal tree species belonging to 15 families within Padma Kanya Multiple Campus at Kathmandu district. The plants were surveyed through the direct visit of the field in different interval of time and identified their therapeutic values by using the help of secondary data such as available literatures and research papers. The plant parts most commonly used in medicine are roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, bark and whole plant. These plants are commonly used to cure diseases like cough, bronchitis, asthma, digestive problems and rheumatism etc. This study will be helpful to the students of this campus as a basic information for their research and practical works.
State of Domestic Violence Against Ever Married Women In Nepal
Authors: Malla Raju
Published: March 2022

This study entitled “State of Domestic Violence Against Ever Married Women In Nepal” was carried out on secondary data of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. This study tried to identify outline of domestic violence against of ever married Women in Nepal. It has looked into the domestic violence such as physical, emotional, sexual and any kinds, of age 15-49 years of ever married women with respect to different socio-economic and demographic variables. The finding let out that physical violence increases sharply with age, from 17.7 per cent among women age 15-24 to 24.8 per cent among age 30 and above. About 36 per cent of women have experienced physical violence on other caste & ethnicity followed by Dalit (31.7%), Janajaties (20.4%) and Brahmin & Chhetri (12.2%). This study has assessed that experience of emotional violence is higher in middle class family in rural areas. Finding revealed that there is strong relation between experience of domestic violence and education level. Higher educated women were less exploited from any kinds of domestic violence in comparison to women with low level of education.
Penerapan Model MVC Pada Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Mts Nurul Hikmah Sukabumi
Authors: Hudin Jamal Maulana , Ramdhani Lis Saumi , Susilawati Desi
Published: March 2022

AbstrakPerkembangan teknologi informasi telah membawa dampak dalam berbagai bidang. Perkembangan teknologi informasi tentunya sangat dibutuhkan oleh semua kalangan, salah satunya  yaitu di dunia pendidikan, sehingga menimbulkan persaingan antar seluruh institusi baik negeri maupun swasta. Mts Nurul Hikmah merupakan sebuah Lembaga Pendidikan swasta yang berada di kota Sukabumi. Proses pendaftaran pada Mts Nurul Hikmah masih dilakukan secara konvensional dengan mengisi formulir pendaftaran sehingga calon siswa harus datang langsung ke tempat dan bagian staf administrasi masih mengalami kesulitan dalam hal pencarian data calon siswa, dan laporan calon siswa yang sudah mendaftar pada Mts Nurul Hikmah. Sistem informasi pendaftaran merupakan solusi yang terbaik untuk memecahkan permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada pada Mts Nurul Hikmah, serta dengan sistem yang terkomputerisasi dapat tercapai suatu kegiatan yang efektif dan efisien dalam menunjang aktifitas pada Mts Nurul Hikmah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Prototype. Dengan adanya  sistem pendaftaran, dapat mempermudah pengolahan data pendaftaran dan pencarian data calon siswa Mts Nurul Hikmah.
Braziers and the Hellenistic koiné in the kitchen: the case of Paphos, capital of Cyprus
Authors: Papuci-Władyka Ewdoksia
Published: March 2022

Portable braziers played a very important role in ancient kitchens. Stoves with a stand, fire bowl and three supports were very common in Middle and Late Hellenistic times (2nd century BCE and late 2nd century to 30 BCE, accordingly), but they do not seem to have been imported in large numbers to Cyprus. The paper discusses the finds from Cyprus, and from Paphos in particular, the island’s capital from the end of the 3rd century BCE, which is where most of the finds come from. The research entails a re-examination of the stoves from the House of Dionysos (original spelling after Hayes 1981) and the mostly unknown material from the University of Warsaw excavations in the Maloutena area. Fabrics were distinguished by macroscopic observation with the naked eye using a hand lens, identifying macroscopic groups (MG). Paphos is suggested as a potential place of production, as well as a major importer of stoves, an idea that should be clarified by future archaeometric analyses.
The last gate to the East: The Roman army outpost at Biğān on the Euphrates revisited
Authors: Oleksiak Jerzy
Published: March 2022

The army outpost on Biğān Island on the Euphrates (in Iraq) was excavated in the early 1980s, but it is only now that a thorough examination of the material from the Roman layers has been completed, giving grounds for a revisiting of issues related to the site’s chronology, function and role in the frontier zone between Rome and the empires of the East. The archaeological sources, mainly pottery and coins, are discussed in light of the army post’s island location and its role in interregional and long-distance trade. Of greatest interest in the pottery category are the transport/storage vessels that belong to the same family as the so-called Torpedo Jars.
Formulation of Metoprolol Bilayer Tablets as an Oral Modified Release Dosage Form
Authors: S. Jabbar Mohammed , I. Khalil Yehia
Published: March 2022

Metoprolol is a Î²1 adrenergic blocker used in treatment of heart diseases. Metoprolol (100mg) tablets was formulated as a modified release oral system utilizing the concept of bilayer system, first layer contained (30mg) as immediate release and the other (70mg) in the sustained release matrix.  The immediate release layer consisted of lactose or microcrystalline cellulose as diluents with sodium starch glycolate or sodium croscarmellose as disintegrants. The result showed that the layer contains microcrystalline cellulose and 2% sodium starch glycolate gave disintegration time similar to that of conventional metoprolol tartrate tablet. This result was subjected in the subsequent preparation of the bilayer tablet. The sustained release layer was prepared using three polymers: ethylcellulose (EC), Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyl ethylcellulose (HEC) as retardant materials. It was found that the combination of EC with HPMC in ratio of 2:1 in F11 was best formula because of itâ€™s release profile and the tablet integrity and dimensions were conserved for the period of the test, but according to similarity factor (f Â­2Â­), F15 (which contained EC:HPMC in ratio 2:1 with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder) was the best formula showed higher (f2Â­) among all other formulas and equals to 72.3 comparing to reference product.

Key words: Metoprolol, Bilayer tablet, Immediate release, Sustained release.
Study the Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection by Different Diagnostic Methods
Authors: N. Saeed Ibtihal , I. Ibrahim Aseel
Published: March 2022

A total of 41 patients with gastro duodenal symptoms (show signs of inflammation with or without duodenal ulcer) . 21 males (51.2%) and 20 female (48.8%) with an average age 0f  (20 â€“ 80) years old under  going gastrointestinal endoscopy at Baghdad teaching hospital in internal disease clinical laboratory , between (February â€“ June)  2009 . Biopsies specimen of antrum , gastric fundus ,& duodenal bulb were examined by the following methods (rapid urease test , Giemsa stain section to detect bacteria , & Haematoxilin and Eosin stained section for pathological study which are considered the gold standard methods , sera or plasma from these patients were tested by immunochromotography (ICM),serological method for IgG antibodies to H. pylori. History picture are( use of certain medication , tobacco , alcohol, and current infection are taken). The results showed that the percentage of prevalence (positive results)were (83%) by histopathological method while it gave only(73%) by serological method and(66%) by rapid urease test, and the prevalence in males was more than in females (44%), (39%)respectively ,and also the prevalence increase with age (40 â€“ 60) 14 out of 15, most patients show gastritis and duodenal ulcer, 25 (60%) by endoscopy diagnosis and 7 (17%) show malignant cancer ,while 9(22%) without any  symptoms. The sensitivity of urease test (82%) and specificity (88.1%)  and by ICM sensitivity (86%)  and specificity  (67%) comparing with gold standard methods 100% . The aim of this study is to compare the different diagnostic techniques of Helicobacter pylori infection by using invasive methods (histological examination of gastric & duodenal biopsies stained by Giemsa &Haematoxilin & Eosin methods , & rapid urease test which is considered the gold standard methods & non-invasive serological methods such as ICM rapid test , all these tests provide information about the incidence and prevalence of H. pylori in population , diagnostic value for each test  also the eradication of person.

Keywords: Serology,  Helicobacter pylori , gastric ulcer , Diagnosis
Reviews
Authors: Rivera Andía Juan Javier
Published: March 2022

Valeri, Valerio, Classic Concepts in Anthropology, 280 pp., appendix, bibliography. Chicago: HAU Books, 2018. Paperback, $30.00. ISBN 9780990505082.

Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo, The Relative Native: Essays on Indigenous Conceptual Worlds, 366 pp., bibliography, index. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Paperback, $35.00. ISBN 9780990505037.

Ab ramson, Allen, and Martin Holbraad, eds., Framing Cosmologies: The Anthropology of Worlds, 336 pp., bibligraphical references, index. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2014. Paperback, $35.00. ISBN 9781526107183.
Socioeconomic factors associated with pediatric moyamoya disease hospitalizations: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Raygor Kunal P. , Phelps Ryan R. L. , Rutledge Caleb , Raper Daniel M. S. , Molinaro Annette , Fox Christine K. , Gupta Nalin , Abla Adib A.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Healthcare disparities are widely described in adults, but barriers affecting access to care for pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) are unknown. Understanding socioeconomic factors impacting hospital access and outcomes is necessary to address pediatric healthcare disparities.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional observational study, the Kids’ Inpatient Database was used to identify patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of MMD from 2003 to 2016. Patients ≤ 18 years with a primary diagnosis of MMD based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were included. Hospital admissions were queried for use of cerebral revascularization based on ICD procedure codes.

RESULTS

Query of the KID yielded 1449 MMD hospitalizations. After multivariable regression, Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.52 [95% CI 0.33–0.81], p = 0.004) was associated with lack of surgical revascularization. Private insurance (OR 1.56 [95% CI 1.15–2.13], p = 0.004), admissions at medium- and high-volume centers (OR 2.01 [95% CI 1.42–2.83], p < 0.001 and OR 2.84 [95% CI 1.95–4.14], p < 0.001, respectively), and elective hospitalization (OR 3.37 [95% CI 2.46–4.64], p < 0.001) were positively associated with revascularization. Compared with Caucasian race, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased mean (± SEM) length of stay by 2.01 ± 0.70 days (p = 0.004) and increased hospital charges by $24,333.61 ± $7918.20 (p = 0.002), despite the decreased utilization of surgical revascularization. Private insurance was associated with elective admission (OR 1.50 [95% CI 1.10–2.05], p = 0.01) and admission to high-volume centers (OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.26–2.88], p = 0.002). African American race was associated with the development of in-hospital complications (OR 2.52 [95% CI 1.38–4.59], p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

Among pediatric MMD hospitalizations, multiple socioeconomic factors were associated with access to care, whether surgical treatment is provided, and whether in-hospital complications occur. These results suggest that socioeconomic factors are important drivers of healthcare disparities in children with MMD and warrant further study.
Quantifying long-term upper-limb activity using wearable motion sensors after nerve reconstruction for neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Muhlestein Whitney E. , Chang Kate W. C. , Smith Brandon W. , Yang Lynda J. S. , Brown Susan H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Standard, physician-elicited clinical assessment tools for the evaluation of function after nerve reconstruction for neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) do not accurately reflect real-world arm function. Wearable activity monitors allow for the evaluation of patient-initiated, spontaneous arm movement during activities of daily living. In this pilot study, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of using body-worn sensor technology to quantify spontaneous arm movement in children with NBPP 10 years after nerve reconstruction and report the timing and magnitude of recovered arm movement.

METHODS

Eight children with NBPP who underwent brachial plexus reconstruction approximately 10 years prior were recruited to take part in this single-institution prospective pilot study. Per the treatment protocol of the authors’ institution, operated patients had severe, nonrecovering nerve function at the time of surgery. The patients were fitted with an activity monitoring device on each of the affected and unaffected arms, which were worn for 7 consecutive days. The duration (VT) and power (VM) with which each arm moved during the patient’s normal daily activities were extracted from the accelerometry data and ratios comparing the affected and unaffected arms were calculated. Demographic data and standard physician-elicited clinical measures of upper-extremity function were also collected.

RESULTS

Three children underwent nerve grafting and transfer and 5 children underwent graft repair only. The mean (± SD) active range of motion was 98° ± 53° for shoulder abduction, 130° ± 24° for elbow flexion, and 39° ± 34° for shoulder external rotation. The median Medical Research Council grade was at least 2.5 for all muscle groups. The median Mallet grade was at least 2 for all categories, and 13.5 total. The VT ratio was 0.82 ± 0.08 and the VM ratio was 0.53 ± 0.12.

CONCLUSIONS

Wearable activity monitors such as accelerometers can be used to quantify spontaneous arm movement in children who underwent nerve reconstruction for NBPP at long-term follow-up. These data more accurately reflect complex, goal-oriented movement needed to perform activities of daily living. Notably, despite severe, nonrecovering nerve function early in life, postsurgical NBPP patients use their affected arms more than 80% of the time that they use their unaffected arms, paralleling results in patients with NBPP who recovered spontaneously. These data represent the first long-term, real-world evidence to support brachial plexus reconstruction for patients with NBPP.
Disconnection surgery to cure or palliate medically intractable epileptic spasms: a retrospective study
Authors: Koh Saya , Uda Takehiro , Kunihiro Noritsugu , Kuki Ichiro , Inoue Takeshi , Kawashima Toshiyuki , Uda Hiroshi , Umaba Ryoko , Nakajo Kosuke , Nakanishi Yoko , Sakuma Satoru , Seto Toshiyuki , Okazaki Shin , Kawawaki Hisashi , Goto Takeo
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Surgery is a treatment option for medically intractable epileptic spasms (ESs). However, outcomes of ES after surgery are not well understood, especially when surgeries aimed at seizure palliation are included. The purpose of the present study was to 1) investigate the proportion of favorable postoperative ES outcomes, 2) explore the preoperative factors related to favorable postoperative ES outcomes, and 3) examine the timing of ES recurrence after disconnection surgeries, including both curative and palliative indications.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients who underwent disconnection surgery for medically intractable ES at the authors’ institution between May 2015 and April 2021. Patients with suggested focal-onset ES based on preoperative evaluations initially underwent lobar disconnection. Patients with suggested generalized or unknown-onset ES underwent corpus callosotomy (CC). If evaluations after initial CC showed focalized or lateralized change, they were considered secondarily revealed focal-onset ES, and lobar disconnection was performed. ES outcomes were evaluated using the International League Against Epilepsy classification. ES outcomes were divided into classes 1–4 as favorable outcomes and classes 5 and 6 as unfavorable outcomes. The relationship between the favorable postoperative ES outcomes and the following preoperative factors was analyzed: sex, age at onset (< or > 1 year), duration between seizure onset and initial surgery (< or > 2 years), type of seizure at onset (ES or others), presence of other types of seizures, substrate, hypsarrhythmia, and MRI abnormalities. The period between the last surgery and ES recurrence was also analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 41 patients were included, of whom 75.6% achieved favorable ES outcomes. A longer seizure duration between seizure onset and initial surgery, presence of hypsarrhythmia, and positive MRI findings led to poorer postoperative ES outcomes (p = 0.0028, p = 0.0041, and p = 0.0241, respectively). A total of 60.9% of patients had ES recurrence during the follow-up period, and their ES recurred within 13 months after the last surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Disconnection surgery is an effective treatment option for medically intractable ES, even when the preoperative evaluation suggests a generalized or unknown onset.
Individual differences in postoperative recovery trajectories for adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Greenberg Jacob K. , Kelly Michael P. , Landman Joshua M. , Zhang Justin K. , Bess Shay , Smith Justin S. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Bridwell Keith H.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

The Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis–1 (ASLS-1) trial demonstrated the benefit of adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis (ASLS) surgery. However, the extent to which individuals differ in their postoperative recovery trajectories is unknown. This study’s objective was to evaluate variability in and factors moderating recovery trajectories after ASLS surgery.

METHODS

The authors used longitudinal, multilevel models to analyze postoperative recovery trajectories following ASLS surgery. Study outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and Scoliosis Research Society–22 (SRS-22) subscore, which were measured every 3 months until 2 years postoperatively. The authors evaluated the influence of preoperative disability level, along with other potential trajectory moderators, including radiographic, comorbidity, pain/function, demographic, and surgical factors. The impact of different parameters was measured using the R2, which represented the amount of variability in ODI/SRS-22 explained by each model. The R2 ranged from 0 (no variability explained) to 1 (100% of variability explained).

RESULTS

Among 178 patients, there was substantial variability in recovery trajectories. Applying the average trajectory to each patient explained only 15% of the variability in ODI and 21% of the variability in SRS-22 subscore. Differences in preoperative disability (ODI/SRS-22) had the strongest influence on recovery trajectories, with patients having moderate disability experiencing the greatest and most rapid improvement after surgery. Reflecting this impact, accounting for the preoperative ODI/SRS-22 level explained an additional 56%–57% of variability in recovery trajectory, while differences in the rate of postoperative change explained another 7%–9%. Among the effect moderators tested, pain/function variables—such as visual analog scale back pain score—had the biggest impact, explaining 21%–25% of variability in trajectories. Radiographic parameters were the least influential, explaining only 3%–6% more variance than models with time alone. The authors identified several significant trajectory moderators in the final model, such as significant adverse events and the number of levels fused.

CONCLUSIONS

ASLS patients have highly variable postoperative recovery trajectories, although most reach steady state at 12 months. Preoperative disability was the most important influence, although other factors, such as number of levels fused, also impacted recovery.
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumour of Subcutaneous Tissue Presenting as a Shoulder Lump: A Case Report
Authors: Poudel Shankar , Sangroula Upama , Rajak Ashik
Published: March 2022

Primitive neuroectodermal tumour is a poorly differentiated small round cell neoplasm that primarily affects children and is very rarely seen in adults. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours are rare compared to the central type and resemble soft tissue sarcoma. Primitive neuroectodermal tumours involving the subcutaneous tissue are rare and only a few cases involving the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall have been reported. However, no cases involving the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder region have been reported. We report the case of a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising from subcutaneous tissue of the right shoulder in a young adult.
Between Archaic and Modernity (gender aspect of African culture)
Authors: Krylova Natalia L.
Published: March 2022

The article is an analytical review of the materials of the scientific conference "Gender aspects of African Culture: between Archaic and Modernity", held at the Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences in November 2021.
The conference discussed such issues as gender characteristics of the transmission of traditions to the younger generation (archaic and modern forms and methods); the education system in the context of the transmission of universal (European) models of values; reflection of the struggle between traditional and modern in the development of African languages at the present stage. A number of reports were devoted to the problems of traditional art as an integral part of modern cultural forms.
The attention of the speakers was focused on the problems of the sacred role and political significance of the activities of representatives of national culture (including their civic position, criticism of the policy of the authorities, the fight against the dictates of religious movements). The problems of cultural interaction within the framework of a mixed family and mestizo children as intermediaries of two cultures occupied a large place in the work of the conference. Considerable attention was paid to the issues of feminism as an expression of women's self-realization and self-identification, the struggle against all forms of exploitation and for the freedom of will of an individual through artistic means, as well as "state feminism" as a radical means in the fight against archaism.
China in the global architecture of humanitarian aid
Authors: Smirnova Veronika A.
Published: March 2022

The article examines aspects of China's growing involvement in global humanitarian governance system. On the one hand, during the Xi Jinping era, China's stance on the humanitarian agenda has become more proactive, including an increase in aid volume, the initiation of institutional changes in the system of coordination and distribution, and a greater focus at the planning level. On the other hand, China is making more active use of multilateral platforms: it works more closely with the UN agencies with a humanitarian mandate and The International Committee of the Red Cross as well as develops its own initiatives. At the same time, these steps still do not enable China to have a comparable level of influence on the humanitarian sphere as that of traditional donors. Compared to traditional donors, China's material input is relatively small. The specificity of China's humanitarian aid, in particular its provision upon request and close to development assistance - has both positive and negative effects. Thus, greater flexibility is accompanied by unpredictability and an ambiguous image of China as a humanitarian donor respectively.
It is concluded that China makes key efforts at the level of rhetoric, using the narrative of South-South cooperation to build an image of a reliable partner within the international community and to strengthen the negotiating position to promote its own ideas within the framework of the established system. The basis of China's strategy may be characterized with the phrase "learning by watching". It puts emphasis not on the establishment of alternative institutions as opposed to the existing system, but on the adoption of experience and the soft integration of own initiatives.
2017 Change of power in Zimbabwe
Authors: Karamaev Sergei G.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the process of the change of power in the Republic of Zimbabwe in November 2017. The long regimen of the country's first and only president, Robert Mugabe, finally developed into a political crisis: the undercover internal party struggle aimed at resolving the successor issue came into an open phase and provoked a reshuffle in the government along with the removal of some key figures. The following purges led to the intervention of the Zimbabwe Defense Forces and the subsequent president’s resignation. 
The author analyzes the political situation in the country prior to the November crisis and examines the reasons for the transit of power. The author also evaluates the actions of all key players and describes in detail the course of events for the two weeks of November, starting with the dismissal of Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa and ending with Mugabe resignation. The author shows that the actions of the army and Mnangagwa supporters were a timely coordinated tactic aimed not only at power transfer, but also at obtaining the support from other countries and international organizations. 
The article focuses on the issue of the legitimacy of the actions of the Zimbabwean military, which forced the president to resign, and deliberates the question of whether these events can be considered a military coup. The work shows that Mugabe ‘involuntary-unconstrained’ departure from the office became a natural result of his actions in the last years of his rule.
Plasma Haptoglobin and Group-specific Component Phenotypic Variants Increase the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sanapala Pavani Sanapala
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT The researchers studied the correlation of Haptoglobin (HP) and Group-specific Component (GC) plasma protein biomarkers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and non-CKD controls using discontinuous-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed a significant difference between the CKD and control clusters of 2-2 variants for HP (p=0.0036) and GC (p= 0.0033). The current research indicates 2-2 phenotype is an independent risk determinant for CKD, while risk analysis reports odds value >1 for both protein polymorphisms signifying an effective risk towards CKD. The multifactor dimensional reduction analysis also detailed HP and GC markers have a strengthening and stronger association and are causative for CKD development. Collectively, the findings signify a potential risk of plasma HP and GC polymorphisms being susceptible to CKD and their key role in the deterioration of kidney functions.
Queeres Begehren on Stage
Authors: Krauß Jutta
Published: March 2022

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht ein Sharing von Gerard X Reyes, das vom Theorem der Sexarbeit inspiriert wird. Das Sharing des Choreografen, Tänzers, Lehrers, zertifizierten Sexological Bodyworkers, Intimacy Coordinators und Montreal Kiki Ballroom Scene Pioniers Reyes wird im Sinne einer tanzwissenschaftlichen Aufführungsanalyse diskursiv verhandelt. Dabei basiert der Prozess der Bedeutungszuschreibung auf der Grundlage einer Foucault’schen Diskursanalyse. Das generierte Anschauungsmodell erfolgt zwar entlang der Aufführung, ist aber stets nur eine Analyse der Aufführung, die ihren eigenen Diskurs erzeugt. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Darstellungen und Verweise zu Sexarbeit am Körper und seinen Materialisierungsprozessen befragbar sind und in Verkörperungsprozessen sowie Darstellungsweisen zum Ausdruck kommen. Im Fokus der Analyse steht eine Bedeutungsgenerierung, in welcher Reyes’ Performance als ästhetische und ethische Situation im Theaterraum im Kontext der Konzepte Erotik, Leidenschaft, Begehren sowie der Kategorien sex, gender und desire betrachtet wird. Dies führt dazu, dass die Performance als Ausdruck eines queeren Begehrens begrifflich bestimmt wird.
Fair Trial and Expert Judges – Towards Environmental Justice?+
Authors: Nieminen-Finne Hanna
Published: March 2022

This article examines the role of expert judges who participate in resolving environmental protection cases at the Vaasa Administrative Court, Finland, which is the first instance of appeal. The expert judges have a degree in either engineering or natural sciences and they work as full-time judges. This article describes the requirements of a fair trial according to the Convention on Human Rights. The most interesting elements of a fair trial are the adversary principle and the independence and impartiality of the court. Access to a court and to justice and the Aarhus Convention are the basic elements of environmental justice and the Finnish system. Several international aspects support it. Even the most critical aspect, the adversary principle, does not demand the abolishment of the system of environmental expert judges.
An active contributor: Dr. Lindberg and NLM’s historical programs and services
Authors: Parascandola John
Published: March 2022

Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D.’s interests extended far beyond his scientific expertise into the arts and humanities, as evidenced, for example, by his love of opera, his talents in photography, and his affection for history. It is therefore not surprising that he had a strong interest in the National Library of Medicine’s historical programs and services, going beyond supporting these activities to becoming actively involved in some of them. The subject of this essay is Dr. Lindberg’s contributions to these programs and services, which may be grouped under three main headings: placing greater emphasis on more contemporary history, promoting the digitization of historical materials to increase access, and enhancing outreach through an exhibition program.
Dr. Lindberg and scholarly publishing
Authors: White Meg Moreland , Roderer Nancy K. , Kotzin Sheldon
Published: March 2022

Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D., Director of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) from August 1984 to March 2015, had a remarkable vision for NLM’s scope, goals, and function. This vision resulted in many external partnerships and initiatives with the publishing industry, commercial and non-profit, journal editors, and professional organizations. These partnerships ranged from ongoing collaboration and dialogue, such as the NLM Publisher’s Committee and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). to the more practical, such as the creation of HINARI and the Emergency Access Initiative (EAI). Dr. Lindberg fostered partnerships outside the NLM to expand the use and reach of Library resources, including MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov to support innovations in the processes that build them, and to improve the quality of biomedical journals. Dr. Lindberg also encouraged the use of technology to enhance medical information and supported the early development of fully interactive publications. Attitudes that contained a measure of skepticism and distrust faded as collaborators came to have a better understanding of both NLM and their partners. This chapter discusses these relationships and accomplishments that NLM achieved working with publishers and other creators and disseminators of medical information under Dr. Lindberg’s leadership.
Little time, lasting impact: Bereaved caregiver perceptions of legacy in perinatal and infant loss
Authors: Goldberg Jessica , Rose Kelsey , Matthews Olivia , Boles Jessika
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Legacy interventions are standard in most children’s hospitals, but little is known about how bereaved parents understand and describe the concept of legacy that these interventions are designed to Address. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the legacy experiences and perceptions of parents who have experienced perinatal or early infant (less than three months of age) loss. METHODS: Grounded in constructionist epistemology and phenomenological qualitative traditions, ten bereaved parents completed an in-depth phenomenological interview regarding their perceptions of and experiences with the legacy of their deceased child. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an open, inductive coding process to illuminate the essence of participants’ experiences. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: 1) legacies are composed of memories and experiences that have a lasting effect on others; 2) healthcare experiences both generate and participate in infants’ legacies; and 3) parents’ legacy perceptions are shaped by cultural conceptions, spiritual beliefs, and grief experiences. Parents described experiences and interactions with community members and healthcare providers that honored or challenged their perceptions of their child’s unique legacy. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of perinatal or early infant loss, bereaved parents describe legacy as enduring, unique to each child and family, and heavily influenced by healthcare experiences and staff relationships. Parent-led, legacy-oriented interventions are needed in maternal/fetal, labor/delivery, and neonatal intensive care settings to support parent coping with loss.
Associations of variants of folate cycle genes with features of the clinical course of severe intraventricular hemorrhages in premature infants
Authors: Fishchuk L. , Rossokha Z. , Pokhylko V. , Cherniavska Yu. , Popova O. , Tsvirenko S. , Gorovenko N.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Summary data indicate that it has increased attention to the study of the role of the folate cycle and the genes encoding its key components in the complicated course of the neonatal period in premature infants. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship of folate cycle gene variants with the features of the neonatal course in premature infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH). METHODS: The study included 24 preterm infants with with IVHs of 3d and 4th degree that received standard clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination. RESULTS: Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were significantly lower in patients with AA genotype according to variant A1298C of the MTHFR gene. The concentration of total protein on 6th day after birth was negatively correlated with the A66G variant of the MTRR gene. The mean concentration of ionized calcium in the first day after birth was higher in the subgroup of patients with the AA genotype (according to variant A1298C of the MTHFR gene). In the subgroup of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, the frequency of AA genotype according to variant A2756G of the MTR gene was significantly increased. The presence of respiratory disorders and oxygen dependence was negatively correlated with variant A1298C MTHFR. The day of surfactant administration was positively correlated with variant A1298C of the MTHFR gene. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that gene variants MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), MTRR (A66G), MTR (A2756G), RFC1 (G80A) may affect the neonatal course in premature infants with severe IVH.
Application of colored filters in patients post-traumatic brain injury: A review
Authors: Bansal Surbhi , Green Katherine
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Tinted lenses have been used to manage visual discomfort and photosensitivity in patients with migraines, benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and epilepsy. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review is to examine the existing clinical research regarding the use of colored filters among patients recovering from traumatic brain injuries. METHODS: A review of English articles from PubMed, Embase from embase.com, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO (OVID), Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with publication years from date of inception to June 10, 2021 was performed. Articles were first screened by title and abstract, followed by full-text review. The search strategy resulted in 7819 results. The final analysis included seven articles which discussed the use of tinted lenses in patients post-traumatic brain injury. RESULTS: While there is a paucity of information related to the therapeutic use of tinted lenses to mitigate post-traumatic light sensitivity and migraines, patients will subjectively report improved symptoms, specifically with precision tints or FL-41. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action as well as objective and subjective benefits of tinted lenses in patient post-traumatic brain injury.
Disorders of higher visual processing in patients with acquired brain injury
Authors: Johnson Ryan
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Disorders of higher visual processing often impact patients with acquired brain injury. Even with treatment, these vision conditions can cause chronic challenges for patients. Understanding these conditions and their management can help improve functional independence and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the various disorders of higher visual processing that result from acquired brain injury. Discussion to include classification, evaluation, and treatment techniques available to clinicians. METHODS: Peer reviewed journal articles were searched, primarily through PubMed. Articles spanning several decades were included in the review for historical context of these conditions, however an emphasis was placed on more recent publications for purposes of a discussion regarding clinical management of these conditions. RESULTS: Peer-reviewed articles and clinical trials from across several disciplines were included to frame a discussion of this varied group of conditions. CONCLUSION: Visual processing disorders have debilitating impacts on both the rehabilitation process as well as functional independence. Varied approaches are utilized in the treatment of these conditions with limited success. Understanding the benefits and limitations of both restorative and compensatory treatments will better help clinicians manage patients with these conditions.