bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Design Method of Radiation Field Used for Soft-Base Coat Infrared Drying
Authors: Liu Xing Jia
Published: October 2011

According to the characteristics and difficulties of the soft-base coat drying, the approach of solving the temperature sensitivity through the furnace type structure design as well as the mechanical and electrical chain design is put forward. The form of the infrared radiation field used for soft-base coat drying is determined. By analyzing the characteristics of the infrared heating element and its reflection equipment, a mathematical model of radiation is proposed, and by using of the results and programs obtained from the model, the scientific design method of infrared radiation field is presented. The problem of requirements for uniform temperature of the soft-base coat is solved by infrared radiation field design and movement of belt. By taking the energy saving reconstruction of an infrared blast furnace as an instance, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. The design method not only has guiding significance to the design of soft-base coat infrared drying, but also has reference value to other types of infrared heating design for energy saving .
The Energy Saving Operation Design for Large Multi-Chiller System
Authors: Lu Yan Yue , Liao An Ping
Published: October 2011

The large multi-chiller system is commonly used in the semiconductor factories and electronics factories, it is one of the department consumed a great deal of energy in factory. Therefore, it is worthwhile to design the chilled water system operation. In this paper, a design methodology is developed for multi-chiller system in which chiller units consist of different cooling capacities chiller that run in parallel. The optimal integrity scheme can be obtained using the MINLP method which minimizes the system energy consumption within a future time period. Instead of a lag scheme used in the general method, this forecasting scheme provide a integral optimal schemes within a future time period and offers the operating reference for operators.
Experimental Study on Super-Heated Steam Drying of Lignite
Authors: Shi Yong Chun , Li Jie , Li Xuan You , Wu Jing , Wu Mao Gang , Li Sheng , Wang Hong Yao , Zhao Gai Ju , Yin Feng Jiao
Published: October 2011

This paper applies super-heated steam drying technology to improve the quality of lignite. A unique experimental system was built up. In order to obtain the optimum operation conditions, the drying kinetics was measured. The temperature range of super-heated steam was from 120 to 200°C. The results showed that the drying process of super-heated steam drying of lignite can be well depicted by two stages, as a constant drying rate stage followed by a falling drying rate stage. The comparison of drying process to the hot air drying showed the superior advantages of super-heated steam drying on safety, drying capacity and energy conservation. Analysis shows the huge application potential of lignite in power plants by means of the super-heated steam drying.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Building Applications
Authors: Chen Bin Jian , Cheng Lin , Fang Zhao Hong
Published: October 2011

In order to attain the higher efficiency, SOFC(solid oxide fuel cell) is used in a cogeneration system. This paper first introduces the cogeneration system for buildings which makes good use of power and heat energy. Power energy used for domestic loads and the surplus can be provided for utility grid. Exhaust heat from the reactor can be used for water and space heating, and also can be used for absorption heat pump to supply cooling. Then the demonstration projects are given. Through the analysis of the cases, discusses the exiting challenges in the SOFC for building applications.
An Empirical Analysis of Relative Oil Price Shocks and Chinese Net Processing Exports
Authors: Ma Ping , Diao Wei Yang
Published: October 2011

This paper studies the effects of Chinese relative domestic oil prices on net processing exports. Using a set of monthly data ranging from 2002 to 2008, we identify a long-run equilibrium cointegrating relationship between the two inflationary series. The unidirectional short-run Granger causality is running from relative oil prices to net processing exports, while in the long-run, the Granger causality is bidirectional. What is noteworthy is that relative oil price shocks have long-run positive effects on Chinese net processing exports, indicating the existence of an energy cost-driven mechanism of endogenous technological change.
Effect of Temperature and Current on Luminous Efficiency of High Power LED
Authors: Rao Feng , Ge Zhi Chen , Zhu Jin Lian
Published: October 2011

Luminous efficiency of high power white light LED (light emitting diode) at different temperature and driver current is measured with the photometric, chromatic and electric characteristics analyzer. It is shown that the luminous efficiency decreases as the temperature and (or) the driver current increases. The highter the driver current is, the more strongly temperature worsens the efficiency. However, the changing rate of efficiency with current is similar at different temperature. At last, a luminous efficiency model with temperature and current is constructed. This research is very important for the design of energy-saving LED lamps.
A Coupling Model for Production and Energy Consumption Used in Continuous Production Industry
Authors: Zhao Rong Yong , Wang Jian , Ling Wei Qing
Published: October 2011

In continuous production industry, to develop energy-saving technology, an essential modeling method should be selected to reflect both production process and the energy consumption simultaneously. In this work, we propose a novel coupling model for production and energy consumption. In this production-energy-coupled model (PECM), four flows are included, the material flow, the energy flow, the information flow and the emission flow. The material flow is abstracted from traditional technological documents about process description; the energy flow represents the any kind of energy transformation and consumption of all possible energy sources used in current factories, the electrical power, coal, diesel, steam, water etc.; the information flow is the running status, pre-alarm, alarm information from the production devices, and the control information from the controller in a distributed computer system(DCS) in the production field or a remote control signal from a central dispatch & control center in a big enterprise; and the emission flow is defined as any kind of emission coming out from the production at both middle production units or the final units of a whole continuous production line. Finally some specific conclusions of the production-energy-coupling model (PECM) are drawn respectively.
Influence of Electromagnetic Treatment on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel and 316L Stainless Steel in Simulated Cooling Water
Authors: Ge Hong Hua , Tao Jie Ting , Gong Xiao Ming , Wei Cheng Jun , Xu Xue Min
Published: October 2011

Abstract: The effect of electromagnetic treatment on corrosion behavior of carbon steel and stainless steel in simulated cooling water was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization techniques and water analysis. It was found that the charge transfer resistance decreased and the corrosion current density increased after electromagnetic treatment for carbon steel electrode, which shows that such treatment promotes corrosion of carbon steel in simulated cooling water. In contrast, the pitting potential of 316L stainless steel electrode rose which revealed that electromagnetic treatment of the experimental water exhibited corrosion inhibition to 316L stainless steel. Reasons for different corrosion behavior of the two metals were discussed.
Study on Building Energy Effciency of Reflective Coatings in Hot Summer and Warmer Winter Zone of China
Authors: Liang Qing , Han Xin Xin , Liu Jing , Xu Gang
Published: October 2011

Reflectance and emittance are both important parameters for reflective coatings. Effects of them on building energy efficiency in hot summer and warm winter zone of china have been evaluated using the simulation software EnergyPlus. The results suggest that both the temperature of the surfaces of reflective coatings and the cooling load decrease as the reflectance and emittance increase, and for building energy efficiency the reflectance and emittance should be as high as possible in this zone.
A Novel Solution for Energy-Saving Potential Analysis in Continuous Production Industry
Authors: Zhao Rong Yong , Wang Jian , Ling Wei Qing
Published: October 2011

Nowadays to save consumption energy with the expected production output is well-known as one of necessary methods to lower the production cost in continuous manufacture industry. Systemic and fine management is changing into a new mode with the less and less energy-saving space relying on the traditional production device optimization for energy-saving can be reached. Energy-saving potential analysis acts a precondition to find the possible energy-saving space in the current production system of a continuous production factory or a company. And it is a challenge for the current factories to analyze the energy-saving potential just based on the information running of the different devices in a continuous production line without a feasible technical solution. Therefore, this paper analyzes the current main application systems in the view of informationization, and then proposes a generalized technical solution for energy-saving potential analysis in continuous production industry.
Energy-Saving and Optimization of Pulverizing System in Coal-Fired Power Plant
Authors: Li Ji , Wei Jun , Yang Yong Ping
Published: October 2011

Pulverizing system is the main energy-consumption equipment in coal-fired power plant. In China, coal-fired power plants are obliged to alter operation condition in response to the frequent change of unit load and coal quality, which results in non-standard operation condition and extra energy consumption of pulverization system in consequence. Hence it is of great significance to study energy-saving and optimization of pulverizing system. This paper first analyzes the influence factors on energy consumption of pulverizing system respectively according to literature survey. Due to the large numbers of influence parameters and their complex interactions, these parameters are certain to influence power consumption synergistically in the form of dynamic non-linear variation. This paper groups and defines these parameters into three categories, namely external parameters, constrained parameters, and controlled parameters. Based on the definition, the general model considering all the three groups of parameters is proposed, which considers all the influence factors for energy consumption under all unit conditions. Subsequently, the energy-saving and optimization proposal for the pulverizing system are proposed.
Research on New Types of Horizontal Mg-Reduction Jar
Authors: Xia De Hong , Ren Ling , Bi Han Bing
Published: October 2011

In order to prolong the service life of reduction jar and reduce the production cost in the magnesium metallurgical industry, the structure of the horizontal Mg-reduction jar is improved in this paper, where the reduction jars with pentagonal and hexagonal cross section are designed, and the creep deformation of the jars are simulated by ABAQUS software. Through the comparison of the traditional jar with the improved jars in the creep stress and the creep displacement, it is found that the intensity is highest and the creep displacement smallest in the same service period for the pentagon jar. Considering the failure by creep, the service life of pentagon jar is longest. Therefore, the pentagon jar is put into the practical production for further verification. It is shown that the service life of the jar improves from less than 90 days up to more than 120 days, and the rate of output for a single jar is stable and improved by 12%.
An Analysis of Growth Drag of China’s Urbanization Caused by Energy
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Juan , Li Ying
Published: October 2011

Along with the rapid development of urbanization, the energy problem is increasingly prominent. Based on CES production function and growth function of urbanization, this paper put forward the model of Growth Drag of China's Urbanization Caused by energy, and empirical analysis with the data of China was done. The results showed that the growth drag of energy during urbanization process in China is 0.2692,in other words, because of the restriction of energy, urbanization process declines 0.2692.From the results, the Growth Drag of China's Urbanization Caused by energy is very high. Ensure that energy security supply has become one of the important tasks for our country at present.
An Investigation of Behaviours of Bubble in Electric Field
Authors: Dong Zhi Guang , Dong Zhi Hui
Published: October 2011

The effects of an ununiform electric field on bubble behaviours such as bubble growth ,deformation and detachment are investigated experimentally.Experimental results show that the bubble elongated along the direction of the electric field.The bubble’s aspect ratio is increased with the increasing of electric field intensity and the ellipse sphere shape is more evident than without electric field,while its departure volume is decreased with that.The case is the bubble comes under the electric stress.The electric stress compressed the bubble in the equatorial direction and extened the bubble along the axial direction.The bubble behaviours influenced in the ununiform electric field is more evident than the uniform electric field.
An Algorithm to Optimal Two-Stage Homogenous Strip Patterns of Rectangular Pieces
Authors: Ji Jun , Lu Yi Ping , Cha Jian Zhong , Cui Yao Dong , Kong Ling Jun
Published: October 2011

This paper presents an algorithm for two-stage homogenous strip patterns for rectangular pieces. The algorithm is appropriate for the shearing and punching process. It proposes the two-stage homogenous strip patterns that can be cut into homogenous strips in two stages, with another two stages being required to cut the strips into pieces. Firstly vertical cuts divide the stock sheet into segments, and then horizontal cuts divide the segments into homogenous strips. A homogenous strip contains pieces of the same type. The algorithm uses a dynamic programming recursion to determine the strip layout on each segment, solves knapsack problems to obtain the segment layout on the sheet. The algorithm is tested through benchmark problems, and compares with two famous algorithms. The pattern value and the computation speed of this paper’s algorithm are better than that of the classic two-stage algorithm. What’s more, this paper’s algorithm can give solutions very close to optimality.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of a Small Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Ball-Shaped Blades
Authors: Zhou Zu Peng , Mo Qiu Yun , Lei Zhi Peng
Published: October 2011

The computational fluid dynamics analysis of a small vertical axis wind turbine with ball-shaped blades has been done in this paper. First, a three-dimensioned model of the wind turbine with the ball-shaped blades has been constructed by using the software of FLUENT 6.3. Then, by giving the size parameters and shape parameters of the blades, the simulation has been done and the corresponding simulation results have been obtained. The contuours of static pressure around the wind blade area has been shown. The simulated model and the results can be used for finding the factors which will affect the power efficiency of this type of wind turbine in the future. Finally, the simulation results of the blade with zero curvature radius and curvature radius of 2 are shown and compared in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this computational fluid dynamics analysis method. It can be concluded that the blades with curvature of 2 can obtain more toruqe comparing with the zero one and it would be the more suitable option in the blade design.
Rotary Stirling Engine for Exhaust Energy Recovery
Authors: Liao Yu Chung , Hung Shen Tsao , Lu Jau Huai
Published: October 2011

A new type of rotary Stirling engine for exhaust energy recovery is introduced in this paper. This engine is constructed by two eccentric cylinders with displaced centers. The space between these two circles is divided into four chambers. The outside cylinder is stationary while the inside cylinder rotates at a constant speed. The volume of each chamber would vary during the rotation. Part of the wall of the outside cylinder in the circumferential direction is heated with hot gas and the other part of the wall is otherwise cooled with atmosphere air such that the engine could deliver work as heat transfer occurs during rotation. A thermodynamic model of this engine was developed in this paper, and the effect of some parameters, including rotation speed, mass of air inside chamber, compression ratio and different heating temperatures, on the output power as well as thermal efficiency was investigated. It was found that the highest efficiency can reach 10.8% and the maximum output power can reach 0.3684W. The compression ratio of 4 was found to have the highest efficiency, and the compression ratio of 6 was found to have the maximum power output. Besides, it was found that as heating temperature increases the efficiency and power increase too
Use of Carbon Nanotube and Nanosilica as Reinforcement Nanofillers in NR/SBR Blended Latex
Authors: Boonmahitthisud Anyaporn , Chuayjuljit Saowaroj
Published: October 2011

The blended latex of natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) at dry weight ratio of 80/20 (NR/SBR) was reinforced with a very low loading level of either carbon nanotube (CNT) or nanosilica (nano-SiO2) (0.1-0.4 phr). The CNT and nano-SiO2 were compounded with NR/SBR rubber blend and other chemicals necessary for vulcanization in the latex state. The obtained nanocomposite latex was cast into thin sheet on a glass mold and then cured in an oven at 80°C for 3 h. The cured samples were subjected to the tensile, dynamic mechanical and thermal tests. The results revealed that the nanofillers have improved their tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain, dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability but reduced the elongation at break. It was also observed that at similar nanofiller loadings the reinforcing effects of CNT are more noticeable than that of nano-SiO2.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization Analysis of 3,8-Divinyl Protochlorophyllide a 8-Vinyl Reductase Gene from Dunaliella parva
Authors: Shang Chang Hua , Zhu Shun Ni , Yuan Zhen Hong , Wang Zhong Ming
Published: October 2011

The vast majority of photosynthetic organisms utilize monovinyl chlorophyll for their photosynthetic reactions. For the biosynthesis of monovinyl chlorophyll, the reduction of the 8-vinyl group which is located on the B-ring of the macrocycle is essential. 3,8-Divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is necessary for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis. The former studies indicated the DVR could enhance photosynthesis. The full-length cDNA encoding DVR was obtained from oleaginous microalgae Dunaliella parva, which include 1326 bp open reading frame (ORF), 22 bp 5′-untranslated sequence and 383 bp 3′-untranslated sequence. Dunaliella parva DVR showed the highest sequence similarity with the DVR from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri. The Dunaliella parva DVR also showed wide similarity with other species.
Numerical Simulations of the Mixing Uniformity of Tracer Gas and Air in 90 Degree Elbow Duct
Authors: Zheng Ming Guang , Zeng Xian Yang , Chi Zuo He , Sun Gong Gang , Zhang Guang Xue , Wang Jin Qing
Published: October 2011

To investigate the mixing uniformity between tracer gas and gas stream in the duct, numerical simulations of the CO tracer gas and air mixing in a 300mm diameter and 90 degree elbow duct were performed on the commercial CFD software FLUENT, and the comparisons between the simulation results and experimental data were analyzed. Tracer gas is injected by 5-point discharge, the mixing uniformity between tracer gas and air is better than that of 1-point discharge. The results indicated that the tracer gas concentrations of simulations were agreed with the experimental data. Simulation results could provide a valuable guidance for gas flow rate measurement and online calibration for gas flowmeter with tracer gas technique.
The Dynamic Relationship between Economic Development and Energy Consumption: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Hua Xin , Liu Hai Ying
Published: October 2011

The traditional opinions regard energy as the main factor for the economic development, but not the key one, because there are different conclusions from the practical researches on the relationship between the energy consumption and economic development. The article utilizes the Granger casual test and Cointegration test to analyze the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and economic development in China. Based on our conclusion that economic development relies on energy consumption, some suggestions are given for energy saving and development in the long-term.
Research of Lifting Technology of Combustion In Situ
Authors: Zhang Xi Shun , Wu Xiao Dong , Ma Shu Qin
Published: October 2011

In-situ combustion (fire flooding) is one of important methods to improve heavy oil recovery ratio, utilizing the reservoir itself heavy component burning as dynamic displacement of crude oil, improving the crude oil character, flooding efficiency is high, applicability is extensive, and other recover techniques can not match. But the technical support is difficult and broad, and is the key in restricting the effect of in-situ combustion, especially for the effectiveness of development. With the increase of fire flooding development, flowing wells turns to artificial lifting wells, the gas production increases deeply, and the lifting technology faces a lot of new problems. Aiming at the problems of combustion in-situ, the relevant technologies were researched, then some methods and measures suiting to heavy oil fire flooding technology were proposed. And it provided reference for researching of deep heavy oil fire flooding lifting technology in the future.
Variable Structure Control based of Particle Swarm Optimization for MCFC
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Hao
Published: October 2011

Variable structure control (VSC) has the ability of overcoming chattering and external disturbance. In this paper the temperature control based of Variable Structure Control is presented for the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) which is a promising device for stationary power and heat supply. The parameters of VSC are obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of this approach. The simulation and the results showed that the VSC and the PSO receding optimization applied to the MCFC temperature control yielded good performance.
Residual Stress and Thermal Stress in Ni/YSZ Anode Support Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Xu Ying Qiang , Wang Lei Lei , Zhang Qiong Wei
Published: October 2011

The most commonly used Micro tubular solid oxide fuel cell (MT-SOFC) anode material is a two phase nickel and yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) cermet. And the mechanical stability of anode support layer, in anode-supported electrolyte designs, is very important for large scale applications. During the assembly of stack and normal operation, MT-SOFC is easy to crack under the residual stress induced by manufacture and thermal stress due to multi-physics coupling. In this work, MT-SOFC model was founded on the background of MT-SOFC stack of electric vehicle and was analyzed by finite element method, based on theories of multi-physical field coupling. In order to find out which is the main reason for cracking, the residual stress due to manufacture and work were investigated separately. Thermal stress based on residual stresses of operating are studied for further research of life of MT-SOFC. It concluded that the failure of the MT-SOFC occurs mainly because of the residual stress due to the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials of the electrode assembly, thermal stress will increase the mismatch in some partial areas. The results are important for studying the life and final spallation of MT-SOFC of electric vehicle.
Application and Characteristic of Adjustable Fiber Density Filter Technology
Authors: Yuan De Chun , Wei Sheng Ke , Shao Ya Bo , Cui Hong Wei
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the fiber filter device by adjusting the charge and discharge water to adjust the fiber density - filter accuracy, interception capacity, filtration resistance and other parameters. In the industrial, commercial market prospects, environmental, economic and social benefit is remarkable.
Hydrogen Evolution Properties of Carbon Supported PtCu-LaOX Composite Multi-Layer Membrane Electrode Materials
Authors: Yang Bin , Xu Tao , Huang Neng
Published: October 2011

In order to reduce production cost of making H2, one of the key points was to reduce Pt loading in Pt/C catalytic electrode. In our study, a new type of Pt/C membrane electrodes -- PtCu/C (abbr. P), PtCuLaOx/C (abbr. PL), PtCu-LaOx/C (abbr. P-L), LaOx-PtCu/C (abbr. L-P), LaOx-PtCu-LaOx/C (abbr. L-P-L) and PtCu-LaOx-PtCu/C (abbr. P-L-P) composite multi-layer membrane electrodes -- would be raised, in which with developing different membranouslayer form and different La content homogeneously dispersed on the surface of carbonaceous substrates was manufactured by Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) technology. The hydrogen evolution polarization curves of these electrodes were tested by tri-electrode system, and were calculated results of their exchange current density (i0) and decomposition voltage (Ed). It was found that PtCu-LaOx composite multi-layer membrane with Pt loading less than 0.05mg/cm2 (the electrode area) whose Ed and i0 was -0.227(V vs SCE) and 4.717mA/cm2 respectively in balanced condition.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Borohydride on Cu Electrode
Authors: Duan Dong Hong , Zhao Yi Fang , Liu Shi Bin , Wu Ai Lian
Published: October 2011

The electrochemical behavior of BH4- on Cu electrode in 1M NaOH was investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) in the potential range of -1.2V to 0.4V versus Hg/HgO. The CV results show that Cu electrode has obvious catalytic activities to the BH4- hydrolysis which belongs to ‘catalytic’ electrode materials. The BH4- electro-oxidation process on Cu is complex and it could associate with the BH4- hydrolysis reaction, followed by oxidation of the intermediate H, then, the intermediate product (e.g. BH3OH−) oxidized, and direct oxidation of BH4- at more positive potentials.
GM-Fisher Body Revisited: Based on the Synthesis of the Transaction Cost and the Capabilities
Authors: Cui Bing
Published: October 2011

The acquisition of the GM-Fisher Body was the example cited widely in the empirical studies of the firm theories. The theory of the firm boundaries based on the synthesis of the transaction cost and the firm capabilities explains that the acquisition is due to the higher measurement cost, the increasing transaction frequency and the GM’s lack less of the capability to make the car-body, asset specificity is not the main cause.
Investigation and Implementation of Environmental Protection and Energy Saving
Authors: Du Yi , Chen Qing Xin , Chen Jian Wei
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Xinjin technology group company is to provide professional electronics manufacturing services ( EMS ) Company. The main business is the assembly of PCB and small electronic products and packaging They are the main problem facing the enterprise that global oversupplies in the market, which includes cost saving, protection of the environment and improve efficiency.There are three primary aspects in this paper. They are electric circuit capacitance compensation, tin slag recycling and type U reconfigurable production line. They were to take the new technology, new production process to replace outdated., Profits were improved through these reform measures.
Power Generation Experiment of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhou Xin , Xie Xiao Feng , Ishikawa Motoo
Published: October 2011

An experiment of a single direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was conducted at Fuel Cell laboratory of Tsinghua University, China in collaboration with University of Tsukuba, Japan. Influences of the anodic methanol solution's concentration, the cathodic air flow rate, and the cathodic oxygen gas flow rate on the single DMFC performance were investigated to optimize operating conditions of the fuel cell. The experimental results have shown that the single DMFC can reach the peak power density of 0.170 W/cm2 with the current of 0.515 A/cm2 under the condition of the concentration of methanol solution of 2M and the flow rate of oxygen gas of 80 mL/min.
An Empirical Study of Relationship between Economic Growth and CO2 Emission of Shanghai
Authors: Zhao Wen Hui , Zhan Zhen
Published: October 2011

The relationship between CO2 emission and economic growth of Shanghai is discussed, which is realized in the way of mutual study of the cointegrating analysis of GDP, energy consumption and CO2 emission from 1993 to 2009 of Shanghai and the study of causality based on VECM. As can be seen from the conclusion, in the long run, the relationship between the economic growth and CO2 emission of Shanghai is unidirectional, i.e., the growth of economy will promote the quantity of emitted CO2.However, CO2 emission is not the Granger cause of economic growth. But in the short run, they constitute no cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, some suggestions regarding the energy conservation and emission reduction policies of Shanghai are presented based on an empirical analysis.
CO Oxidation over Pd Catalysts Supported on Different Supports: A Consideration of Oxygen Storage Capacity of Catalyst
Authors: Xu Ye , Ma Jin Qiang , Xu Yuan Feng , Li Hui , Li He Xing , Li Ping , Zhou Xing Gui
Published: October 2011

A series of Pd catalysts supported on different materials (SiO2, γ-Al2O3, CeO2, TiO2) were synthesized through precipitation reduction of palladium ions with H2. They exhibited different activity during catalytic oxidation of CO to CO2. With the characterization of N2 physisorption experiment, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and CO and O2 multi-pulse experiment, the correlation of catalytic activity and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of catalyst has been investigated. It was found that the reactivity is largely controlled by the OSC of the catalysts, and thus Pd/CeO2 and Pd/TiO2 were more active than Pd/SiO2 and Pd/Al2O3 for CO oxidation.
Preparation and Characterization of Platinum/Polyaniline Core-Shell Composite
Authors: Zhu Jing Na , Shen Zhen Lu , Mo Wei Min , Li Mei Chao
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The core-shell composite of platinum/polyaniline (Pt@PAN) had been prepared by chemical synthesis approach. Reduction of the platinum salt in aqueous solution leaded to the formation of platinum nanoparticles, and then polyaniline were synthesized by interfacial polymerization to get Pt@PAN composite. Transmission electron microscopy of Pt@PAN showed Pt particles are uniform with spherical and granular morphology. Pt@PAN was also characterized by EDAX, XPS and FTIR.
Wastewater Treatment and Biogas Production from Air Dried Rubber Sheet Production Wastewater by Anaerobic System
Authors: Thongnueakhaeng Wikanda , Onthong Usa
Published: October 2011

The scopes of this research were to investigate efficiency of anaerobic digestion system to treat wastewater from air dried rubber sheet production process and to produce and use biogas from this system. Wastewater from air dried rubber sheet production process contains high organic substance and pH about 4.6. Therefore, this wastewater must be adjusted pH to be 7 before feeding to system in start-up period. Two tanks system (The system consisted of 2 digestion tanks, each tank was operated at HRT 7.5 days, total HRT was 15 days) provided higher wastewater treatment efficiency than one tank system (The system consisted of 1 digestion tank, it was operated at HRT 15 days). In this research, full-scale reactor (two tank system, total volume was 800 liters) was set up and operated at agriculturist’s home in Nakorn Sri Thamaraj, Thailand. From the first day to the fifteenth day of operating period, wastewater was adjusted pH from 4.6 to be 7.0 before feeding into reactor. After that, reactor was fed with wastewater which was not adjusted pH (pH about 4.6). The results of full-scale shown that this system provided average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, TSS, TKN and TP about 69.23%, 66.86%, 63.16%, 35.81% and 36.74%, respectively. Biogas production rate of full-scale system was 0.45 m3-gas/m3-reactor.day (0.57 m3-gas/kg CODremoved). Total biogas from full-scale reactor (800 liters) was 360 liters per day; it can be used for cooking about 2 hours per day. Compositions of biogas were methane 65%, carbon dioxide 32% and another gas such as nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide 3%.
CFD Analysis and Parameter Study of Transport Processes with Catalytic Reactions in Anodes of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Yang Chao , Yang Guo Guang , Yue Dan Ting , Yuan Jin Liang
Published: October 2011

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of most promising types of fuel cells with advantages of high efficiencies, flexibility of usable fuel types. The performance of SOFC is strongly affected by cell overall parameters, e.g., temperature, pressure, reaction rates, etc. But it is very difficult to validate internal parameters distributions and complex physical processes by experimental method. The CFD model simulation has been proved an effective method for SOFC research. In this work, a 3D CFD model is developed to simulate the working processes in SOFC’s anode. The objective of this work is to study the effects of the parameters such as temperature, permeability, pores radius and elementary surface reaction rate on the working processes, by coupling the transport processes such as mass, momentum and thermal energy with the chemical reactions of gas- and surface-phase species based on catalyst surface coverage.
Hydrogen Storage and Release by Redox Reaction of Iron Oxide Medium with Mo and Zr Additives
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Je Han Sol , Kang Eun Jee , Lee Su Gyung , Park Chu Sik
Published: October 2011

Chemical hydrogen storage and release of iron-based oxide mediums were investigated by hydrogen reduction and water splitting oxidation (Fe3O4 + 4H2 ⇌ 3Fe + 4H2O). In this study, all metal oxide mediums were prepared by coprecipitation method using urea solution as precipitant. The redox reactions of the mediums were conducted using a fixed bed quartz reactor under atmospheric pressure. The theoretical amount of hydrogen storage that can be obtained from the redox reaction of iron oxide is calculated to be 4.8wt% on the basis of 1g-Fe. However, in case of using the iron oxide medium without additives, the medium was rapidly deactivated due to the agglomeration of Fe metals in the hydrogen reduction step of repeated redox cycles. In this study, therefore, Mo and Zr additives were added to iron oxide to improve the reactivity of the medium and to prevent the agglomeration of that. As a result, the reactivity for oxidation of the mediums was largely improved with the addition of Mo additive. It was concluded that change in the valence of Mo cations affected the redox behavior of the mediums.
Investigation on the Extraction and Conjugate of Linoleic Acid of Purple Medic Seed
Authors: Qi Shu Ting , Shi Yu Xin , Dong Ming , Wu Hong Qing , Mu Di
Published: October 2011

Methods currently used for the quantitative determination of total lipids and fatty acid composition in plant require solvent extraction. This study examined the solvent extraction of purple medic seed oil. Results varied with different extraction conditions. The effects of temperature, extraction time, sample size and solvent type on the extraction efficiency and oil quality were studied. The amount of extract collected was highest when ether absolute was used as a solvent for solvent extraction.
A Laboratory Technique for Evaluating Marine Splash Zone Corrosion
Authors: Li Xiang , Bailey Stuart I.
Published: October 2011

An electrochemical cell and environmental chamber were developed to study corrosion in a simulated splash zone. The designs of the dual chambers and the mounting of the three electrodes in the cell resulted in an excellent simulation of the major parameters and conditions in the marine splash zone. Excellent data acquisition and corrosion observations were possible, thereby, leading to a successful laboratory technique for research on corrosion in the marine splash zone. Electrochemical corrosion measurements correlated with the progression of changes during the wet – dry cycles, and the corrosion behavior was verified by microscopic observation.
Study on Trend of Air Quality and its Affecting Factors in Wuhan
Authors: Hou Wei Li
Published: October 2011

This document analyses change of air quality of Wuhan basing on Urban Air Quality Daily Report (UAQDP) data during 2001-2010. The paper includes four parts: The first part focuses on changing trend of three air quality indicators (concentration of SO2, PM10, NOX). The second part analyses potential factors which affect air quality through grey correlation analysis method. I find that atmospheric temperature and economic growth are the most important factors among them. In the third part, I try to test if the relation of Wuhan’s air quality and economic growth verify Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKCs) hypothesis. The results show that SO2 increase first and decrease after GDP per capita increasing to 18000 Yuan, which form inverted U shape, while PM10 decrease and NOX increase continuously along with GDP growth. EKCs hypothesis is supported partly in Wuhan. The fourth part is a conclusion.
The Theoretical Model with the Distribution of Impact Angle for Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Wu Zhen , Serge Nyallang Nyamsi , Bao Ze Wei , Zhang Zao Xiao
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the theoretical model of mechanical alloying. In view of the varied angle in the actual impact process, the Gauss distribution of angle is drawn into the model based on the angle factor. The distribution of temperature rise is obtained and fitted. It accords well with the Gauss distribution in some extent. The results show the thermal effect of powder depends on milling technology, the impact angle and others. Compared with the previous models, the presented model is well in consistent with the fact.
Applicability of Duncan-Chang Model and its Modified Versions to Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sands
Authors: Xiong Ju Hua , Kou Xiao Yong , Liu Fang , Jiang Ming Jing
Published: October 2011

Methane hydrate is ice-like clathrate compound that attracts global attention due to its huge potential as a future energy source. The constitutive law of methane hydrate-bearing sediments remains unknown and becomes a barrier in sustainable exploitation of methane hydrate from marine sediments. The Duncan-Change model is a nonlinear elastic model which was widely accepted by the geotechnical community in approximating the constitutive response of geo-materials. This model and its evolved versions were employed in this study to model the stress-strain response observed in triaxial tests on methane hydrate-bearing sands. Duncan-Chang type models capture well the strain hardening behaviors. However, they fall short of incorporating the dependency of temperature and saturation degree of methane hydrate, which have to be taken into account in future constitutive models of methane hydrate-bearing deposits.
ZnO Nanostructures and Field Emission Properties on Cu Substrate Achieved by Electrodeposition Method
Authors: Gong Jiang Feng , Lan Chang Yong , Zhang Bo , Zhang Kai Xiao , Zhu Wei Hua
Published: October 2011

In the present work, ZnO nanostructures with tunable size were successfully synthesized on non-seeded Cu substrates by a simple electrodeposition method. The effects of growth conditions on the morphology of the products were studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-prepared products exhibited flake-like morphology when the concentration of ZnCl2 was higher enough, while the products showed flower-like morphology when the concentration was lower enough. Field emission investigation indicated that the nanoflowers exhibited good emission properties. The ZnO nanoflowers show potential application as field emitters.
Double Templating Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Foams
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Ming Xian , Gan Li Hua , Yang Liang , Xu Zi Jie , Wang Xiao Gang , Chen Long Wu
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we demonstrated the synthesis and electrochemical properties of carbon foams for use as supercapacitor electrode materials. Carbon foams were prepared by double templating method in which emulsion and nanosilica were used as soft template and hard template, respectively. By using Span 80 and Tween 80 as emulsifiers, resorcinol/formaldehyde aqueous solution which contained nanosilica as aqueous phase and 1iquid paraffin as oil phase, an O/W emulsion was obtained. Carbon foams were obtained by emulsion polymerization, carbonization and the subsequent removal of the hard template. The as-prepared carbon foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer, and electrochemical workstation. The results indicate that the resultant carbon foams have specific surface area of 160 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.15 cm3/g and possess dual pore size distributions with macropore sizes of 0.5-2.0 μm and the most probable pore size of 4.1 nm. The electrochemical properties of the carbon foams have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge- discharge with a three-electrode system in electrolyte of 6 mol/L KOH solution. The CV curves of the carbon foams show rectangular-like shape without obvious oxidation-reduction evolution peak, which suggests a typical nonfaradic adsorption/desorption reaction. The carbon foams present linear galvanostatic charge-discharge curve under the current densities of 1.0-5.0 A/g and their specific capacitance values are 60-90 F/g. The good electrochemical performances of carbon foams would provide candidate as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Preparation of Phase-Change-Material/Lightweight Aggregate Composite as an Energy Storage Material
Authors: Cui H. Z. , Zhu G. F.
Published: October 2011

In this paper, a phase-change-material/lightweight aggregate (PCM-LWA) composite thermal energy storage material was prepared by absorbing the lauryl alcohol, which is one kind of phase change materials, into porous lightweight aggregates (LWAs) that have an excellent absorbability. In such a composite, the lauryl alcohol serves as a latent heat storage material and the porous lightweight aggregate acts as the supporting material. In order to prevent the melted lauryl alcohol leak from the porous LWAs, surface seal processing for the PCM-LWA was necessary. In this research, pure cement paste and polymer modified cement paste were used to seal the PCM-LWA surface. Through comparison between the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests for lauryl alcohol and PCM-LWA, it can be known that the solid-liquid phase change temperature of the composite PCM-LWA was slightly higher than that of the lauryl alcohol, and latent heat of the PCM-LWA was smaller than that of the pure PCM.
Synthesis of CoxZn1-xCr2O4 Solid Solutions and its Catalytic Performance for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Han Ai Jun , Zhang Li Ya , Ye Ming Quan , Hu Dong Sheng , Chen Hou He
Published: October 2011

Nanocrystalline CoxZn1-xCr2O4 (x=0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, and 1) was synthesized by the low-temperature combustion synthesis method using citric acid as reductant and metal nitrates as oxidants. XRD, TEM, FT-IR and DSC were employed to characterize the structure, morphology, infrared curve and the catalytic performance for the ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition of the sample, respectively. Results show that cubic spinel-type solid solution of 30 nm CoxZn1-xCr2O4 particles can be obtained at 800 °C. The absorption bands in IR curve at 528 cm-1 and 627 cm-1 corresponding to the vibration of octahedron group [CrO6], the peaks slightly shift to high wave number with the increase of the x value. Compared with the thermal decomposition of pure AP, adding CoxZn1-xCr2O4 nanoparticles in AP decreases its decomposition temperature by 58~68 °C and increases its apparent decomposition heat to 1049.62~740.13 J/g, exhibiting signiﬁcant catalytic effect. Catalytic mechanism is due to the lattice of transition metal ions Co2+ and Cr3+ in the outer d orbital electron transfer, which provides a good space and produces complex with NH3 ligands of ammonium perchlorate’s dissociation products.
Preparation and Modification of Nano-Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material
Authors: Xu Ying Qiu , Liang Guang Chuan , Wang Li
Published: October 2011

The spinel nano-Li4Ti5O12 was prepared by hydrothermal reaction method. The crystal structure, morphology and charge/discharge capacities were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy and program-controlled tester respectively. It showed that lithium titanate synthesized by the direct hydrothermal method has a uniform particle size distribution of about 100nm in cubic shape. Investigated the influence of different carbon sources on the structure and electrochemical properties. It was found that the discharge capacities could reach 172.2, 159.8, 156.2 and 148.3mAh/g at 0.2C, 1C, 2C and 5C rates, respectively.
Eliminating Effects of Vitamin B6 and Vitamin C on UDMH and Their Chemical Mechanism
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Wei , Li De Yuan , Zheng Zhe Jun , Ye Zhi Neng , Tian Bi
Published: October 2011

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is a kind of cheap propellant for rocket luanching. But it is harmful to environment and human body. At present, the majority of UDMH eliminating agents are unsafe and inconvenient for use because of strong oxidizing property. The eliminating effects of vitamin B6, vitamin C and glacial acetic acid on UDMH are studied. 1mg vitamin B6 , 1mg vitamin C and 1mg glacial acetic acid is added into 10.00ml UDMH solution (1μg/ml) respectively, UDMH content is determined respectively in 30 minutes and 60 minutes through amino sodium ferrocyanide (TPF) spectrophotometry method at wavelength 500nm. The results show that vitamin B6 can eliminate 88% UDMH in 30 minutes. Vitamin C or acetic acid has no significant removal effect on UDMH. The chemical mechanism of vitamin B6 eliminating UDMH is that pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5 – phosphate monohydrate (PLP) can react with UDMH and generate hydrazone and water.
Thermoelectric Properties of CoSb3 Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Yang Ya Jun , Liu Xian Yun , Wang Xu Dong , Jiang Mei Ping , Chen Xian Feng , Ma Ji , Jiang Xing Fang , Huang Yuan Ming
Published: October 2011

Cobblestone-like CoSb3 nanoparticle films have been achieved via a catalyst-free vapor transport growth technique. The thermoelectric properties of the nanoparticle films were measured from room temperature to around 500 oC. The resultant CoSb3 nanoparticle films show high electrical conductivities due to clean particle surfaces. A maximum power factor reaches 1.848×10−4 W/mK2 at 440 oC. The discussed approach is promising for realizing new types of highly efficient thermoelectric semiconductors.