bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammation and Cancer: A Temporal Perspective on Emerging Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Focusing on Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Akkiz Hikmet , Şinşek Halis , Balci Deniz , Ülger Yakup , Onan Engin , Akçaer Nevin , Delik Anıl
Published: October 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the most common causes of global cancer burden and cancer-related deaths. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark feature of GI tumors and plays an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. The genetic makeup of cancer cell, as well as epigenetic alterations, and biological processes constitute an inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides an essential nich for cancer initiation and progression. Cancer-associated inflammation, a key component of TME, displays protumoral or antitumoral activity depending on the composition, spatial distribution, and functional status of the immune cells involved, thus adversely affecting response to cancer treatment and clinical outcomes, whereas acute inflammation supports T-cell priming, activation, and infiltration into malignant tissues, thereby conferring anti-tumoral immunity. Inflammatory cells and proinflammatory molecules within the TME act as a bridge between inflammation and cancer. The majority of cells involved in the inflammatory process in the TME are innate immune cells, which play a critical role in shapping both the cellular composition of the TME and the plasticity of cancer cells and stromal cells. Activation of innate immune cells in the TME initiates the production of inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory soluble molecules, resulting in adaptive immune response to the cancer. Additionally, aberrant activation of intracellular signaling pathways, inflammatory molecules, and metabolites have critical roles in the development and healing of inflammation during carcinogenesis. Cancer-associated inflammation may inhibit the effectiveness of anti-cancer agents by causing enzymatic degradation of drugs and modulating the immun activity, thus affecting survival of patient. In this review article, we highlight the genetic and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of the inflammatory component of the TME in GI cancers, the soluble molecules, the cancer cell-immune cell interactions, and the implications of all these for clinical outcomes. We also comprehensively address the mechanisms linking chronic inflammation to cancer, with a focus on the most frequent GI cancers.
A Comparison for Infantile Mortality of Crucial Congenital Heart Defects in Korea over a Five-year Period
Authors: Ha Kee Soo , Park Chan Mi , Lee JungHwa , Shin Jeonghee , Choi Eui Kyung , Choi Miyoung , Kim Jimin , Shin Hong Ju , Choi Byung Min , Kim Soo-Jin
Published: October 2024

Background: Nearly half of congenital heart defects (CHDs) related mortality occur during infancy although advancement in treatments have increased the survival rates. This study comprehensively examines overall and surgical mortality of CHD infants with the highest mortality in an effort to improve our understanding of CHD epidemiology.
Methods: Participants were drawn from a dataset of 1,964,691 infants born between 2014 and 2018 in Korea. Target patients defined as those with crucial CHDs including classical critical CHDs and diverse categorical defects but excluding simple shunt defects. Overall mortality (procedural and natural mortality) and procedural mortality (interventional and surgical mortality) for infants were analyzed.
Results: Performance rate of multiple procedures in infants with crucial CHDs was 16%. Overall and surgical mortalities of crucial CHDs were 8% and 7%. Mortalities of palliative procedures were relatively high. Procedural mortalities for infants were significantly decreased in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), atrioventricular septal defects, and total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) compared with overall mortalities for infants. Surgical mortalities for infants involving TOF and TAPVR were significantly lower, but those for infants involving hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) was higher than the those for all ages.
Conclusions: Palliative procedural technique in infants must be improved to obtain better outcome particularly in palliative surgery of HLHS. The infantile procedural outcomes for TOF and TAPVR are excellent and important to overcome disastrous circumstances during infancy. This comprehensive study of overall and procedural mortalities of CHDs may lay a cornerstone for CHD epidemiology in Korean infants.
Nuclear mTORC1 Live-Cell Sensor nTORSEL Reports Differential Nuclear mTORC1 Activity in Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Yifan , Li Canrong , Ouyang Yingyi , Xie Xiaoduo
Published: October 2024

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is activated on the surface of lysosomes and phosphorylates substrates at various subcellular locations, including the lysosome, cytosol, and nucleus. However, the signaling and biological functions of nuclear mTORC1 (nmTORC1) are not well understood, primarily due to limited tools for monitoring mTORC1 activity in the nucleus. In this study, we developed a genetically encoded nmTORC1 sensor, termed nTORSEL, based on the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (4EBP1) by mTORC1 within the nucleus. nTORSEL, like its predecessor TORSEL, exhibits a fluorescent punctate pattern in the nucleus through multivalent protein-protein interactions between oligomerized 4EBP1 and eIF4E when nmTORC1 activity is low. We validated nTORSEL using biochemical analyses and imaging techniques across representative cell lines with varying levels of nmTORC1 activity. Notably, nTORSEL specifically detects physiological, pharmacological, and genetic inhibition of nmTORC1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells but not in HEK293T cells. Therefore, nTORSEL is an effective tool for investigating nuclear mTORC1 signaling in cell lines.
The Second Law of Infodynamics: A Thermocontextual Reformulation
Authors: Crecraft Harrison
Published: October 2024

Vopson and Lepadatu recently proposed the Second Law of Infodynamics. The law states that while total entropy increases, information entropy declines over time. They state that the law has applications over a wide range of disciplines, but they leave many key questions unanswered. This article analyzes and reformulates the law based on the thermocontextual interpretation (TCI). The TCI generalizes Hamiltonian mechanics by defining states and transitions thermocontextually, with respect to an ambient-temperature reference state. The TCI partitions energy into ambient heat, which is thermally random and unknowable, and exergy, which is knowable and usable. The TCI is further generalized here to account for a reference observer’s actual knowledge. This enables partitioning exergy into accessible exergy, which is known and accessible for use, and configurational energy, which is knowable but unknown and inaccessible. The TCI is firmly based on empirically validated postulates. The Second Law of thermodynamics and its information-based analogue, MaxEnt are logically derived corollaries. Another corollary is a reformulated Second Law of Infodynamics. It states that an external agent seeks to increase its access to exergy by narrowing its information gap with a potential exergy source. The principle is key to the origin of self-replicating chemicals and life.
Comparative Assessments of Low- and Medium-Pressure CO2 Transport At-Sea and Inland
Authors: Røe Ingeborg Treu , Oeuvray Pauline , Mazzotti Marco , Roussanaly Simon
Published: October 2024

Developing cost-efficient systems for transporting CO2 is key to accelerate the deployment of carbon capture and storage. The present work explores the impact of reducing the pressure of tank-based inland and at-sea transport on their techno-economic performance. The study uses established techno-economic models for CO2 transport, adjusted with the most up-to-date knowledge on costs of low-pressure containment and transport. Particularly, the impact of cargo tank material and design on the transport costs shows that low-pressure cargo tank systems can be 50% less expensive than medium-pressure systems if materials with similar price and strength can be used. This results in reductions in transport costs as high as 30% for long distances. This is partly driven by the currently suggested size limitation on medium-pressure shipping which limits its economies of scale. If this limitation is alleviated, the cost advantage of low-pressure shipping compared to medium-pressure is more limited (10-20%) although it remains advantageous. The same scaling effects on capacity were not found for truck and barge inland transport, thus yielding 1-10% cost reductions of low- relative to medium-pressure transport. These results imply that future systems may combine medium-pressure inland and low-pressure at-sea transport, and that efficient solutions connecting the two must be investigated.
Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of the Leaf Trait Network of Populus euphratica Along the Main Stream of the Tarim River
Authors: Peng Chengzhi , Yao Shiyu , Huang Wenjuan , Wang Jie , Song Shuangfei , Zhang Pei , Jiao Peipei
Published: October 2024

The complex network relationship between leaf traits and their multiple traits is closely related to the environment, and is the result of interactions between various environmental factors such as climate and soil. Based on previous work, we selected 20 P. euphratica trees along the desert riparian forest of the main stream of the Tarim River for leaf sample collection and habitat survey. We used 27 leaf traits of P. euphratica to visualize the leaf trait network (LTN). Through network structure parameters, such as edge density, diameter, average path length, and average clustering coefficient, the spatial pattern of the LTN and its relationships with 11 soil factors and 19 climatic factors were discussed using principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in the parameters of the leaf trait network of P. euphratica along the main stream of the Tarim River. The variation coefficients of the diameter and average path length were the largest, respectively, whereas that of the average clustering coefficient was the smallest. (2) There were both positive and negative correlations between each parameter and soil factors, such as soil water content, total potassium, and organic matter, and climatic factors, such as isothermality, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and precipitation of the wettest month. (3) The explanatory power of climate alone on the leaf traits of P. euphratica was generally higher than that of soil factors, indicating that climatic conditions play a more decisive role in shaping the network structure of leaf traits of P. euphratica. However, regarding the influence of network modularity, the contribution of soil factors was significant, indicating that the influence of soil conditions on some LTN parameters cannot be ignored.
Environmental Concern and Minimalism in Collectivist Culture Impact on Green Purchase Intention: the Mediating Role of Pro-Environmental Behaviours (Public and Private)
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Huy , Tran Mai Dong
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the impact of minimalism, collectivist culture, and environmental concern support on green purchase intention through the mediating role of pro-environmental behaviours. We found the following key insights based on our analysis of data from 385 participants in collectivist cultures at the emerging economy countries: (1) pro-environmental behaviours have a positive mediating relationship between minimalism and green purchase intention; (2) pro-environmental behaviours have a positive mediating relationship between collectivist culture and green purchase intention; and (3) pro-environmental behaviours have a positive mediating relationship between environmental concern and green purchase intention. Additionally, the findings show that people who embrace minimalism in collectivist cultures are more inclined to take part in activities that benefit the environment. Similarly, the findings will have an influence on policy-making and practical implementation in similar socioeconomic conditions. Implications relating to theory and practice are discussed.
Integrating Statistical and Earth AgriData in the Context of Small Farming Systems for Food Security
Authors: Tsiligiridis Theodore , Ainali Katerina
Published: October 2024

The main theme of this work is to present the results and conclusions of a study conducted to explore the feasibility and efficiency of the crop area and crop production estimations in the context of small farming systems for food security, assisted by Remote Sensing (RS) technology. The study carried out in the three selected Greek prefectures of Ileia, Larisa and Imathia (NUTS-3) and focused on the development and testing of RS methods and classification techniques used in the production of land and crop cover maps. The purpose was to unveil the role of small farming plots (less than 5 ha) in a food security context and determine their contribution in estimating the crop area, the production, and the spatial distribution, factors which remain unclear, mainly because the official statistical offices rarely include them in the surveys, particularly in the non-developed countries. The efficiency of using and combining Sentinel satellite images acquired during the spring-summer season of 2017 with field surveys implemented on stratified samples of square segments for crop area estimations was assessed. The produced results show good classification accuracies for several key-crops under small scale farming systems with various environmental and territorial conditions. Noteworthy, the satellite data and derived products can be effectively used for stratification purposes and a posteriori correction of crop area estimates from ground observations. The knowledge of the unbiased crop area estimation is a key element for the estimation of the total crop production and, therefore, the management of crop products. The unbiased crop area computation and the crop production estimates was performed only for the highly accurate key-crop products (FScore > 75\%). Then, the key-crop production in each region was determined by using the estimated self-reported crop yields multiplied by the corresponding key-crop area of the small farming plots. The derived results indicate that small farming plots make an important contribution in the integration of the key-crop production of the selected crops with the official statistical data. Finally, potential changes occurred in the cultivation of small plots from the previous cultivation year in the key-crop areas of the same key-crop products of the three regions considered were also estimated (and mapped) by the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) of the Greek Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) and agree with those reported by the official statistics.
SynTran-fa: Generating Comprehensive Answers for Farsi QA Pairs via Syntactic Transformation
Authors: Farsi Farhan , Sabouri Sadra , Kashfipour Kian , Gooran Soroush , Sameti Hossein , Asgari Ehsaneddin
Published: October 2024

Generating coherent and comprehensive responses remains a significant challenge Question-Answering (QA) systems when working with short answers especially for low-resourced languages like Farsi. We present a novel approach to expand these answers into complete, fluent responses, addressing the critical issue of limited Farsi resources and models. Our methodology employs a two-stage process: first, we develop a dataset using rule-based techniques on Farsi text, followed by a BERT-based ranking system to ensure fluency and comprehensibility. The resulting model demonstrates strong compatibility with existing QA systems, particularly those based on knowledge graphs. Notably, our system exhibits enhanced performance when integrated with large language models using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, leveraging detailed explanations rather than single-word answers. Our approach significantly improves response quality and coherence compared to baseline systems. We release our dataset to support further research in Farsi QA\footnote[1]{\href{https://huggingface.co/datasets/SLPL/syntran-fa}{https://huggingface.co/datasets/SLPL/syntran-fa}}.
Nanothermodynamics: There’s Plenty of Room on the Inside
Authors: Chamberlin Ralph V. , Lindsay Stuart M.
Published: October 2024

Nanothermodynamics provides the theoretical foundation for understanding stable distributions of statistically independent subsystems inside larger systems. In this review it is emphasized that adapting ideas from nanothermodynamics to simplistic models improves agreement with the measured properties of many materials. Examples include non-classical critical scaling near ferromagnetic transitions, thermal and dynamic behavior near liquid-glass transitions, and the 1/f-like noise in metal films and qubits. A key feature in several models is to allow separate time steps for distinct conservation laws: one type of step conserves energy and the other conserves momentum (e.g. dipole alignment). This “orthogonal dynamics” explains how the relaxation of a single parameter can exhibit multiple responses such as primary, secondary, and microscopic peaks in the dielectric loss of supercooled liquids, and the crossover in thermal fluctuations from Johnson-Nyquist (white) noise at high frequencies to 1/f-like noise at low frequencies. Nanothermodynamics also provides new insight into three basic questions. First, it gives a novel solution to Gibbs’ paradox for the entropy of the semi-classical ideal gas. Second, it yields the stable equilibrium of Ising’s original model for finite-sized chains of interacting binary degrees of freedom (“spins”). Third, it confronts Loschmidt’s paradox for the arrow of time, showing that an intrinsically irreversible step is required for maximum entropy and the second law of thermodynamics, not only in the thermodynamic limit but also in systems as small as N=2 particles.
Parent Mediated Autism Intervention Through a Culturally Informed Lens: Parents Taking Action and Pivotal Response Training with Latine Families
Authors: Lopez Kristina
Published: October 2024

Background The prevalence of autism has increased substantially among Latine children, however, few service systems are prepared to provide culturally relevant services. Parents Taking Action (PTA), is a culturally informed parent-mediated psychoeducation program designed to meet the informational needs of Latine families of children with autism. The purpose of this study was to pilot a hybrid model of intervention by including direct parent coaching through pivotal response training (PRT) along with PTA among Latina mothers of children with autism. Methods Ten Latina mothers of children 8 and under with autism participated in this study. Mothers received PTA from two bilingual trained promotoras (community health workers). PTA included 14 2-hour psychoeducation sessions. Mothers also received 4 one-hour sessions of PRT from bilingual/bicultural coaches. Results Paired samples t-tests indicated significant increases in family outcomes, self-efficacy in using the intervention strategies, and frequency of using strategies, from pre to post-test. Conclusions This study suggests that culturally informed parent-mediated autism intervention coupled with parent coaching positively affects family outcomes among Latine families of children with autism.
Socceromics: The Integration of Omics Technologies in Soccer to Enhance Performance and Health. A Comprehensive, Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Owen Adam L , Ceylan Halil İbrahim , Żmijewski Piotr , Ruggieri Pietro , Biz Carlo , Sciarretta Giovanni , Rossin Alessandro , De Giorgio Andrea , Trompetto Carlo , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Puce Luca
Published: October 2024

The integration of omics technologies, including genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiomics, has transformed sports science, particularly in soccer, where these advancements have the potential to enhance player performance, injury prevention, and recovery. This review examines the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across key genes influencing various physiological traits crucial for elite soccer players. Genes related to the cardiovascular system (ACE, AGT, NOS3, VEGF), muscle structure and function (ACTN3, CKM, MLCK), neurotransmission (ADRA2A, ADRB2, BDNF, DRD1, DBH), connective tissue integrity (COL1A1, COL2A1, COL5A1, ELN, EMILIN1, TNC), energy metabolism (AMPD1, MCT1, UCP1/2/3), oxidative stress response (GSTM1, GSTP, GSTT), hormonal regulation (CYP2D6, HSD17B14), and growth factors (GDF-8, IGF2, HGF) are all highlighted for their roles in influencing soccer-specific traits like endurance, speed, and injury risk. Furthermore, the incorporation of omics data allows for personalized strategies in training, nutrition, and recovery, tailoring interventions to each player's genetic and biochemical profile. For example, genomic markers such as ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X are linked to key athletic traits like endurance and muscle injury susceptibility, while proteomics sheds light on muscle repair mechanisms, and metabolomics provides real-time insights into energy metabolism and fatigue markers. Microbiomics explores the role of gut health in recovery and overall performance, revealing correlations between microbial diversity and enhanced athletic outcomes. This comprehensive approach, referred to as Socceromics, offers a more holistic understanding of an athlete’s health and performance capabilities. Integrating these findings into real-world applications is essential for optimizing training regimens and reducing injury risk, ultimately pushing the boundaries of what athletes can achieve on the field. Future research should focus on expanding the scope of omics integration and improving the generalizability of findings across diverse populations and genders, thus advancing the field of precision sports medicine.
State Observer for Time-Delay Systems Applied a Sir Compartmental Epidemiological Model for the COVID-19
Authors: Villafuerte Segura Raúl , Ochoa Ortega GIlberto , Hernández Ávila Jorge Antonio , Ramirez Neria Mario
Published: October 2024

In this paper a Luenberger-type state observer for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple delays is presented. Sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee practical stability of the error dynamics. An exponential decay of the observation error dynamics is assured using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and the feasibility of Linear Matrix Inequalities. Also, a time-delay SIR compartmental epidemiological model is presented. Time delay corresponds to the transition rates between compartments. The model considers that a part of the recovered population becomes susceptible again after a period following recovery. Three time-delays are incorporated due to the exchange of individuals between the population compartments: $\tau_{1,2,3}$, for the dead-times of recovery, immunity loss and incubation, respectively. It is shown that the effective reproduction number of the delay model depends on the rate of the susceptible population which became infected but after a period starts to be infectious and the fraction of the infectious recovered after a time-delay. For the resulting delay model, the problem of state estimation is addressed. To illustrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed observer, we apply the developed results to the COVID-19 pandemic. The observer can estimate the compartmental populations of Susceptible $S(t)$ and Recovered $R(t)$ from only the availability of real data of the Infectious compartmental population $I_r(t)$. The $I_r(t)$ confirmed data used for the state estimation are from a 55-day window with the highest impact on the Mexican population, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Genetic Predisposition to Hippocampal Atrophy and Risk of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Liampas Ioannis , Siokas Vasileios , Mourtzi Niki , Charisis Sokratis , Sampatakakis Stefanos N. , Foukarakis Ioannis , Hatzimanolis Alex , Ramirez Alfredo , Lambert Jean-Charles , Yannakoulia Mary , Kosmidis Mary H. , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Sakka Paraskevi , Rouskas Konstantinos , Scarmeas Nikolaos
Published: October 2024

Background: There is paucity of evidence on the association of genetic propensity for hippocampal atrophy with cognitive outcomes. Therefore, we examined the relationship of a Polygenic Risk Score for hippocampal atrophy (PRShp) with the incidence of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as the rates of cognitive decline. Methods: Participants were drawn from the population based HELIAD cohort. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline and follow-up. PRShp was derived from the summary statistics of a large GWAS for hippocampal volume. Cox proportional hazards models as well as generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the association of PRShp with the combined incidence of aMCI/AD and cognitive changes over time, respectively. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Results: Our analysis included 618 older adults, among whom 73 developed aMCI/AD after an average follow-up of 2.96±0.8 years. Each additional SD of PRShp elevated the relative hazard for incident aMCI/AD by 46%. Participants at the top quartile of PRShp had almost three times higher risk of converting to aMCI/AD compared to the lowest quartile group. Higher PRShp scores were also linked to steeper global cognitive and memory decline. The impact of PRShp was greater among women and younger adults. Conclusions: Our findings support the association of PRShp with aMCI/AD incidence and with global cognitive and memory decline over time. PRS association was sex and age dependent, suggesting that these factors should be considered in genetic modelling for AD.
A Brief Review of 3D Printing Technologies and Materials Used in Smart Textiles
Authors: Sayam Mahbub Alam , Al-Amin Md. , Zhou Rui , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: October 2024

3D printing technology has made significant strides in smart textiles—fabrics embedded with electronics like conductive fibers and sensors—now widely applied in areas such as health con-dition monitoring, wearable energy-harvesting devices, and interactive textiles that respond to environmental conditions and color changes. Different 3D printing methods, such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Direct Ink Writing (DIW), and PolyJet printing, are used in the fabrication of smart textiles. This study provides a detailed, applica-tion-specific overview of 3D printing technologies—such as FDM, SLS, DIW, and PolyJet print-ing—and their use in smart textiles across various sectors, including wearable technology, medical textiles, and smart fashion design. We gathered articles and reports from Scopus and Google Scholar, providing a concise assessment of 3D printing materials for smart textiles to give readers a quick understanding of the field. The timeline of 3D printing’s use in smart textiles, from 2016 to 2023, highlights significant advancements in various additive manufacturing techniques applied to smart textiles. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding 3D printing techniques such as FDM, SLS, DIW, and PolyJet, as their applicability for selecting the best approach to in-corporating advanced functionalities into smart textiles.
Advancing Plant Synthetic Biology Using Multiscale Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Lucido Abel , Basallo Oriol , Marin-Sanguino Alberto , Eleiwa Abderrahmane , Martinez Emilce Soledad , Vilaprinyo Ester , Sorribas Albert , Alves Rui
Published: October 2024

Global food insecurity and environmental degradation creates the need to develop more sustainable agricultural solutions. Plant synthetic biology emerges as a promising yet risky avenue to develop such solutions. While synthetic biology promises enhanced crop traits, it also harbors risks of extensive environmental damage. Here, we highlight the complexities and risks associated with plant synthetic biology, while presenting the potential of multilevel mathematical modeling to assess and mitigate those risks effectively. Despite its potential, the application of multiscale mathematical models in plants remains underutilized. We advocate for the integration of technological advancements in agricultural data analysis to foster a comprehensive understanding of crops across scales. By reviewing common modeling approaches and methodologies applicable to plants, the paper sets the stage for the creation and utilization of integrated multiscale mathematical models. Leveraging modeling techniques such as parameter estimation, bifurcation analysis, and sensitivity analysis, researchers can identify mutational targets and anticipate pleiotropic effects, enhancing the safety of genetically engineered species. To illustrate the potential of the combination, we outline ongoing efforts to develop an integrated multiscale mathematical model for maize (Zea mays L.), engineered through synthetic biology to enhance resilience against Striga and drought.
High-performance On-orbit Intelligent Computing and Real-time Services for Remote Sensing Satellites Based on Space Large-scale Computing Power
Authors: Wang Guoping , Wan Gang , Su Zhijuan , Wang Yang , Jia Yutong , Li Gong , Liang Shi
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of Earth observation systems and satellite networks driven by commercial space has led to a significant increase in the number of remote sensing satellites, thereby establishing the groundwork for all-weather, continuous cluster collaborative observation. Following anti-irradiation hardening measures, low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices are effectively operated within intricate space environments, leading to substantial enhancements in on-orbit computing capabilities of individual satellites. Leveraging the on-board distributed processing framework, it fully utilizes wide-area scattered space computing resources and automatically establishes a network of neighboring satellites through inter-satellite communication links to construct a spatially distributed and computationally cooperative space cloud computing environment. This enables the sharing of space computing resources and facilitates satellite-based mission coordination, reducing reliance on ground-based remote sensing satellite services while enhancing the response efficiency of remote sensing application services. The present paper pro-vides a comprehensive review of the current development status, existing challenges, and problems faced by space-based remote sensing on-orbit processing platforms and on-board intelligent processing algorithms, starting from the immediate application requirements of remote sensing satellite in-orbit processing. In view of the anticipated surge in large-scale computing resources in space, a distributed remote sensing satellite data processing architecture based on large-scale on-board computing power is constructed, and the architecture is designed in detail from the aspects of physical architecture, software architecture, workflow and key technologies. Finally, three real-time service scenarios that align with the construction content of an ultra-low orbit satellite constellation and 6G technology have been designed to provide solutions and references for subsequent development of space-based intelligent remote sensing constellations.
The Origin of the Accelerated Expansion of the Universe from a Gravitational Collapse in Higher Dimensions
Authors: Escudero Iván
Published: October 2024

In this work, we propose an alternative theoretical model to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe, based on the gravitational collapse of a black hole in a higher-dimensional space. We suggest that this collapse causes a rupture in the fabric of spacetime, generating a new universe whose accelerated expansion is a direct consequence of this process. Through detailed calculations, we demonstrate that the current acceleration of the universe is consistent with observational data, such as those from type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background. Additionally, we address the problem of the universe's low initial entropy, proposing that this model provides a natural explanation for the order observed in its early stages. The results suggest that this alternative approach offers a viable explanation for cosmic expansion and raises new questions about the role of gravitational phenomena and the evolution of the universe.
A Qualitative Study on Understanding Family Experiences: Mental Health Literacy in Adolescent Eating Disorder Diagnoses
Authors: García Carpintero-Blas Eva , Vélez-Vélez Esperanza , Martínez-Miguel Esther , Tovar-Reinoso Alberto , DelPozo-Herce Pablo , González-Navajas Carlos , Gómez-Moreno Cristina
Published: October 2024

Adolescent eating disorders pose a significant public health challenge, deeply affecting both physical and emotional well-being. Early diagnosis is important for improving treatment outcomes, though it remains complex due to multiple influencing factors. The family perspective is essential in this process, as it provides valuable insights into changes in adolescents’ habits and emotional health. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Madrid, Spain, between January and February 2023, using a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences and perspectives of family members of adolescents with eating disorders. Results: Four thematic blocks with their categories were identified: (T1) Diagnosis, (T2) Family (T3) Resources, and (T4) Treatment. Participants emphasized the need for early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of eating disorders. Family therapy was recognized as vital in treatment, and common dissatisfaction in the public health structure underscored the need for greater investment in research and access to specialists. Mental health nurse practitioners have an important role in providing comprehensive care and support as well as mental health literacy. Conclusions: A holistic patient-centered approach, including family involvement and appropriate support systems, is key to improving outcomes and quality of life of adolescents undergoing treatment for eating disorders. Improving healthcare resources and addressing the challenges faced by families is essential. In addition, mental health literacy is critical, as it enables families to understand the disease better, make informed decisions, and actively participate in the recovery process, contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for patients.
Effect of Induced Polyploidy on Morphology, Antioxidant Activity and Dissolved Sugars in Allium cepa
Authors: Abubakar Mujahid Ado , Gennadievna Novitskaya Elena , Mikhailovna Son Oksana , Mikhailovna Kim Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The role of onion as a second most consumed and cultivated vegetable around the world and its renown qualities that made it to be called as “queen of the kitchen” have positioned it to be very vital to the nutritional and economical contributions around the world. Polyploidy serves the purpose of groundbreaking innovation towards plant breeding by improving plants’ yield and vigor. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations of colchicine on the seedlings of onion on the morphology, antioxidant activity and dissolved sugars. Three concentrations of colchicine were used; including 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% (w/v) which were applied to the seeds of Allium cepa for the exposure period of 24 hours. Chromosomal analysis confirmed the induction of polyploidy which led to the successful duplication of the chromosomes number from diploid (2n = 16) to tetraploid (4n = 32). Successful induction of polyploidy was achieved by the application of 0.05% (w/v) concentration of colchicine as it yielded the formation of seedlings which were morphologically and biochemically superior over the remaining concentrations and control at p ≤ 0.05 probability. The 0.05% (w/v) concentration showed the highest survival rate between the treatments by recording 83.33% compared to 33.33% and 0.00% of 0.1 and 0.2% (w/v) concentrations respectively, but topped by the control which recorded 91.57% survival rate. Furthermore, the 0.05% concentration of colchicine showed significant difference in the morphology as it recorded the biggest size of seedlings by height reaching up to 73.6cm tall with the diameter of the bulbs reaching 5.64 cm after 14 weeks. It also showed significant difference in the antioxidant activity by recording the highest DPPH scavenging percentage of up to 72.58%, followed by 0.1% and control. The tetraploids also showed significant difference in the dissolved sugars as they recorded the highest refractive index between the treatments and control. The application of 0.05% (w/v) concentration of colchicine resulted in the formation of the seedlings that have superiority in the morphology, antioxidant activity and amount of dissolved sugars compared to other treatments and control.
Nurturing Sustainability in Toddlerhood: Investigating Early Childhood Teachers' Views and Daily Practices in a Swedish Preschool
Authors: Kahriman-Pamuk Deniz , Pramling Samuelsson Ingrid
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: While studies suggest that young children can learn and think about sustainability, most research has focused on children aged three to five, leaving a significant gap in understanding how to engage toddlers (under three) in early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS). This study aims to address this gap, a crucial and often overlooked area, by investigating early childhood teachers' perceptions of ECEfS and their pedagogical practices for nurturing sustainability in a toddler group in a Swedish preschool.
Methods: The study employed a case study approach, incorporating observations, interviews, and document analysis for data collection. Qualitative techniques were used for data analysis. The research was conducted with a strong commitment to ethical considerations, including obtaining participants' consent, ensuring confidentiality and privacy, informing them of their right to withdraw, and maintaining anonymity.
Results: The findings of this study bring hope. They indicate that teachers understand education for sustainability and can implement sustainability-related pedagogical practices in a toddler group. They can create suitable learning environments and establish connections between sustainability issues and daily life activities in the classroom, enhancing the children's overall learning experience.
Conclusions: The study's findings underscore the pivotal role of educators in shaping the mindsets and behaviors of future generations, thereby supporting the long-term goals of sustainable development. By nurturing toddlers' innate curiosity and harnessing their brain's plasticity, educators can effectively engage toddlers in ECEfS and promote sustainable development from an early age. The study's implications highlight the need to prioritize ECEfS during toddlerhood to realize the full potential of this critical investment in the future of our planet.
Forensic Accounting and Risk Management: The Moderating Role of GAS and WBS on Fraud Detection in Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Tarmizi , Huang Chen-Yuan , Putra Mukhlas Adi , Pamungkas Imang Dapit
Published: October 2024

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of forensic accounting skills in enhancing auditor self-efficacy towards fraud detection in Indonesia. In addition, explores the moderating effect of the implementation of Generalized Audit Software (GAS) and whistleblowing system on the relationship between accounting and auditing skills and auditor self-efficacy, as well as its role in enhancing fraud detection. Methodology– A cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed to 537 external auditors working in Indonesia. This study uses a multiple linear regression analysis method with multiple linear moderation models using WarpPLS 8.0 software. Findings – The study results indicate a significant direct relationship between practical communication skills, psychosocial skills, accounting and auditing skills, and auditor self-efficacy. However, technical and analytical factors do not affect auditor self-efficacy. The study's results indicate a significant direct relationship between auditor self-efficacy and fraud detection. It is revealed that implementing GAS moderates the relationship between auditor self-efficacy and fraud detection. In contrast, the study's results do not show a significant relationship between technical and analytical skills and auditor self-efficacy. Novelty– This research paper's originality lies in exploring the role of forensic accounting skills by using GAS and Whistleblowing systems to enhance auditor self-efficacy toward fraud detection in Indonesia.
Asymptomatic Malaria and Hidden Parasitic Burden in Gabonese Schoolchildren: Unveiling Silent Co-Infections in Rural and Urban Settings
Authors: Makouloutou-Nzassi Patrice , Kouna Lady Charlene , Mbani Mpega Ntigui Chérone Nancy , Longo-Pendy Neil Michel , Bourobou Judy Armel Bourobou , Bangueboussa Felicien , Atiga Nick Chenis , Lekana-Douki Jean Bernard , Boundenga Larson , Oyegue-Liabagui Sandrine Lydie
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of coinfection with malaria and intestinal parasites and assess its association with anemia in school-aged children from rural and urban settlements in Gabon. This cross-sectional study involved afebrile school children recruited at schools between May and June 2021. Blood and stool samples were collected from participants who provided informed consent to participate in the study. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured using a HemoCue photometer (HemoCue 201, HemoCue, Angelholm, Sweden). Giemsa-stained blood films were examined to detect malaria parasites and any filarial infections, while the Merthiolate-iodine concentration (MIc) method was used to identify intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). A total of four hundred and seventy (470) school-aged children were successfully enrolled in this study. The observed prevalence rates were as follows: malaria infection at 69.6%, IPIs at 19.1%, filaria at 5.1%, Schistosoma infection at 15.0%, and anemia at 29.0%. Coinfections of malaria with IPIs, filaria, and Schistosoma were present in 12.3%, 4.7%, and 6.6% of the children, respectively. Malaria and filaria infections were associated with residing in Lastourville (LTV) city and were also correlated with age, whereas IPIs were associated with male gender and living in the city of LTV. Anemia was linked to malaria infection and was more prevalent among children living in rural areas. The findings of this study indicate that malaria, IPIs, and Schistosoma infections continue to pose a significant public health problem in the study area, even though only malaria infection appeared to be associated with anemia. Nevertheless, these results highlight the need for implementing control measures to reduce the rates of malaria, IPIs, filaria, and Schistosoma, particularly in Lastourville.
The Impact of Continuous Education on Healthcare Workers' Attitudes Toward Old people Nutrition: A Cross-sectional Study in Italian Nursing Homes
Authors: Zanini Milko , Catania Gianluca , Di Nitto Marco , Delbene Lara , Ripamonti Stefania , Musio Maria Emma , Bagnasco Annamaria
Published: October 2024

Background: Malnutrition is a widespread issue among old people, significantly impacting health outcomes. Nutritional interventions can improve health, but their success often depends on the attitudes and knowledge of healthcare workers. This study examines the influence of continuing education on healthcare workers' attitudes and practices toward old people's nutrition.
Aim: The study assesses healthcare workers' attitudes toward old people's nutrition using the validated Italian version of the SANN-G questionnaire, focusing on staff in nursing homes in Northern Italy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,789 healthcare workers from 41 facilities. The SANN-G questionnaire measured attitudes across five dimensions: nutritional norms, habits, assessment, intervention, and individualization. Data were collected online and on paper, with descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (chi-square and ANOVA) performed using R software.
Results: Most respondents were female (68.59%) and aged 41–50 (33.31%), with nursing assistants comprising 35.83%. Only 23.48% scored positively on the SANN-G scale, with most displaying neutral or negative attitudes. Education on malnutrition significantly improved attitudes, particularly in assessment, intervention, and individualization. Younger respondents and nurses were more likely to have positive attitudes after educational interventions, while older respondents and physicians tended to show neutral or negative attitudes.
Conclusion: Continuing education on malnutrition is crucial for fostering positive attitudes among healthcare workers. Specialized education leads to more proactive approaches, highlighting the need for targeted educational programs to improve old people's nutritional care.
Pathology and Treatments of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Considering Changes in Brain Energy Metabolism Due to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yanai Hidekatsu , Adachi Hiroki , Hakoshima Mariko , Katsuyama Hisayuki
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive dysfunction, memory decline, and behavioral disturbance, and pathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of AD, including the amyloid beta hypothesis, oxidative stress hypothesis, and abnormal phosphorylation of tau proteins, the exact pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD remain largely undefined. Furthermore, effective curative treatments are very limited. Epidemiologic studies provide convincing evidence for a significant association between type 2 diabetes and AD. Here, we showed energy metabolism using glucose, lactate and ketone bodies and lipids as energy substrates in normal brain, and changes in such energy metabolism due to type 2 diabetes. We also showed the influences of such altered energy metabolism due to type 2 diabetes on the pathology of AD. Furthermore, we comprehensively searched the risk factors related with type 2 diabetes for AD, and showed possible therapeutic interventions based on considering risk factors and altered brain energy metabolism due to type 2 diabetes for the development of AD.