bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary analysis of road accident data in Poland
Authors: Stępień Sławomir
Published: October 2021

In the paper, preliminary statistical analysis of the data concerning road accidents in Poland are pre-sented. The number of accidents, fatalities, as well the number of persons injured in accidents with multitude of the detained drunk drivers are considered. The analysis covers daily data from the year 2008 to 2021. Mean and median values were determined and a comparative analysis based on the complementary, partial, and multiple correlation coefficients was carried out. The results are presented for the whole compiled data and separately for monthly and annual quantities. Keywords: mechanical engineering, correlation analysis, road safety, road accidents
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Ionescu Sinziana
Published: October 2021

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in colorectal surgery can be used both in benign and in malignant lesions. In benign cases, such as Crohn’s disease and diverticulitis, it can orient toward the extension of the surgical intervention. In malignant cases, such as colorectal cancer with liver metastases, IOUS/CE-IOUS (contrast-enhanced) improved the intraoperative management of liver metastases by dictating the resection margins in relation to the tumor extension. The IOUS method allows for exact tumor location, intestinal wall visualization, and malignant tumor penetration. The IOUS revealed the tumor and its margin in rectal lesions, making the sphincter-sparing operation easier to perform. In patients with small polyps and early colon and rectum cancers, IOUS works well as a one-of-a-kind intraoperative localization technique. In comparison with IOUS, CE-IOUS offered better detection and resection guidance. Intraoperative ultrasound enables surgeons to easily localize small, non-palpable lesions of the large bowel. Furthermore, it can determine even the aggressive potential of these lesions with high precision.
Critiquing Playful Project-Based Learning as Pedagogy for Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Du Toit Adri
Published: October 2021

The need to expand entrepreneurship education in learners’ schooling is a growing concern globally. It is especially pertinent in countries experiencing high levels of unemployment and ways to expand and improve its implementation is continually sought. Abundant research has been published about preferred pedagogies to enable and foster entrepreneurship education. Amongst these, project-based learning has long been recognized as one of the key teaching-learning strategies to enable meaningful entrepreneurship education. Recently, publications on ‘playful’ project-based learning as pedagogy for entrepreneurship education have increased notably. Theoretical foundations for this emerging new pedagogy in entrepreneurship education appear to be underprovided. Hence, the theoretical foundations provided by Biesta’s three functions of education, namely qualification, socialization and subjectification, were used as an analytical framework to explore what ‘good’ entrepreneurship education is (or should be) and how the pedagogy of playful project-based learning can bolster it. The chapter contributes to the body of knowledge by expanding insights into theoretical underpinnings for entrepreneurship education, as well as by critiquing playful project-based learning as pedagogical choice for implementing meaningful entrepreneurship education.
Situační analýza a role diskurzů v sociálněvědním výzkumu
Authors: Košatková Markéta
Published: October 2021

The article introduces situation analysis (cf. Clarke 2005) as an epistemologicalontological basis for science freed of the positivistic paradigm. Situation analysis in a broader perspective dives into present discourses as well as discourses that have been concealed. At the meso-level, the analysis offers insight into social and discursive arenas formed by collective actors, key material elements, social organizations and institutions. At the micro-level it is aimed at the position of individual actors in a situation. Situational analysis provides multidimensional research resonating marginalized discourses and supports the everydayness of knowledge in a socially engaged, emic research of social reality. The focus on language constructions in the humanities allows for the re-definition of one’s own entities, formulas, and rules. Their (im)possible transgression is a necessary response to the accelerated and diverse shape of the recent globalized and particularized society.
Zur Translation als Performance mit Texten
Authors: Agnetta Marco
Published: October 2021

The chief aim of this essay is to propose the idea that one should not see texts as artifacts detached from the world of life, but as partaking of the performances thanks to which individuals and collectives define themselves in everyday life. Texts, as Stolze (2003: 174) points out, are an integral part of a highly dynamic “Mitteilungsgeschehen”. Translations can be seen as ‘communicative events’ in two ways: as a dialogue between the original text and the translator, and also as an interaction between the translator and the recipients via the target text. At issue, this essay argues, is the key notion of performativity. In order to demonstrate the importance of such a notion, some characteristics of performativity, such as those compiled by Fischer-Lichte (2004 and 2012), will be described in relation to translational activity. References to the contributions in the present volume are intended to show the extent to which the questions surrounding translation as performance are interrelated.
„Es sind ja nicht Lesewort, sondern Lebewort drinnen“ (Martin Luther). Ein protestantischer Beitrag zur performanzorientierten Schriftauslegung
Authors: Hild Christian
Published: October 2021

Martin Luther emphasized the vitality of the Word of God as a “word of life” (“Lebewort”) on the grounds that one of its characteristics is that it be heard and used by people. This is how the Reformer deliberately distinguished himself from the Pope’s sole authority to interpret the Holy Scripture – the Pope who reduced the Word of God to a “reading word” (“Lesewort”), and thereby suppressed its inherent performativity, preventing the Word of God from reaching people. On the one hand, Luther’s perspective valuably brings to light the text performance of the writings of the Old and New Testament, and on the other hand, gives us the opportunity to draw attention to the topicality and “life” (or „livingness”) of the Word of God. For Protestant religious education focuses on this living vitality in order to mitigate the increasing alienation of students from the language of Holy Scripture by means of a stress on the performative uses of the Word of God.
Translatorische Treue und philosophische Freiheit. Ein praktisches Beispiel übersetzerischer Performanz
Authors: Heller Lavinia
Published: October 2021

Given the widespread tendency to celebrate the openness of meaning maintained by texts, it can come as a surprise to hear philosophers expressing a certain skepticism with regard to translational sense-making. This distrust often manifests itself in negative metaphors – many of which are appreciably material metaphors – which describe translation as the ‘distortion’ of the original. This parti pris against translation problematizes the form-taking and form-giving character of translation. With recourse to the concept of performance supplied by Cultural Studies, this article aims to bring the dimension of the materiality of translation, which is too often treated in a merely metaphorical fashion, into analytical view. But not in order to confirm that materiality as an obstacle, as so many pejorative metaphors concerning the ‚deformation’ effected by translation suggest, so much as to show, on the contrary, how materiality and performance can be a heuristic impulse, and offer an important resource for translational creativity.
The importance of polyphenols in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases
Authors: Jandrić-Kočić Marijana
Published: October 2021

Polyphenols are compounds that contain in their structure one or more hydroxyl groups attached directly to one or more aromatic hydrocarbons. They represent one of the most numerous and widespread groups of secondary plant metabolites with more than 8000 polyphenolic structures. Polyphenols are antioxidants that reduce endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure, improve the immune defense, alleviate the inflammatory response, block platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. Some studies suggest that there is an indirect link between flavonoid intake and myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Dark chocolate, nuts, grapes, red wine and the Mediterranean diet (based on fruits and vegetables, fish and olive oil) are rich in polyphenols and are key in preventing cardiovascular disease. Polyphenols prevent neurodegenerative changes associated with cerebral ischemia. Blueberry anthocyanins have antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties so they have a neuroprotective effect. Red wine extract, rich in anthocyanin, reduces injuries caused by cerebral ischemia. Food intake of polyphenols can reduce hypertension, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as increased production of nitric oxide. The importance of black and green tea in lowering blood pressure is especially pointed out. Further research on polyphenols is needed in order to make as clear recommendations as possible for their general preventive use.
UPOTREBA MEDIJSKIH SADRŽAJA U NASTAVI STRANIH JEZIKA NA NEMATIČNIM FAKULTETIMA
Authors: Đurović Vesna , Agić Zorana , Išaretović Slavica
Published: October 2021

Podučavanje stranog jezika na visokoškolskim ustanovama sastavni je dio skoro svakog plana i programa. Studenti na visokoškolske ustanove dolaze sa predznanjem stečenim u okviru svog prethodnog formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja. Uprkos tome, često je slučaj da studenti raspolažu vrlo skromnim govornim vještinama. Upotreba različitih medijskih sadržaja doprinosi raznovrsnosti tema koje se obrađuju na času, a studente istovremeno motiviše da istražuju i saznaju više o različitim temama koje izlaze iz strogih okvira predmetnog korpusa dajući im ujedno i mogućnost da istovremeno proširuju i svoja znanja iz stranog jezika. Cilj ovog rada je upravo predstaviti neke praktične metode za motivaciju studenata za razvoj jezičkih vještina, a posebno govora i komunikacije na odabrane teme sa ciljem poboljšanja određenih gramatičkih i jezičkih vještina.
ETIČKI PROBLEMI U OGLAŠAVANJU
Authors: Zaimović Alma
Published: October 2021

Sa oglasima se možemo susresti na tradicionalnim medijima, a sve veća je prisutnost oglasa i na savremenim medijima, odnosno medijima koji koriste digitalnu tehnologiju. Cilj oglasa je pružiti uvjerljive poruke o proizvodu ili usluzi, kako bi privukao potrošače i pretvorio ih u kupce. Etički problemi se pojavljuju u različitim slučajevima i oblicima. Uvjeravanje u bilo kakve neistine i obmane potrošača smatra se teškim povredama etike. Na bh. tržištu vidan nedostatak zakonskih rješenja koji bi korisnicima dali na uvid šta je dobro, šta ne i gdje se krše etičke, pa i zakonske norme.
ULOGA I ZNAČAJ EKONOMSKE PROPAGANDE U MEDIJSKOJ PROMOCIJI PREDUZEĆA
Authors: Lukić Aleksandar , Novović Milan
Published: October 2021

Ekonomska propaganda je najvidljiviji deo ekstenzivne promocije i komunikacionog miksa. To je primarni oblik masovnog komuniciranja s okruženjem koji ima za cilj da prenese informaciju, razvije sklonost i podstakne potrošača na akciju u korist proizvoda i usluga preduzeća. Savremena ekonomska propaganda je utemeljena na marketing istraživanju i zasniva se na strategijskom pristupu, dugoročnim ciljevima i objektivnom prezentiranju informacija o preduzeću i njegovim proizvodima i uslugama. Ekonomska propaganda preduzeća podrazumeva postojanje brojnih aktivnosti i predstavlja veoma efikasan način informisanja, uveravanja i podsticanja potrošača.
UTICAJ PANDEMIJE COVID – 19 NA DOP SPORTSKIH CENATARA
Authors: Joksimović Simona
Published: October 2021

Društvenu odgovornost možemo posmatrati kroz ekonomsku dimenziju, socijalnu i ekološku. Predmet ovog rada jeste prije svega socijalna dimenzija posmatranja društvene odgovornosti kroz rad sportskih centara i to u određenom veremnskom periodu, tokom pandemije COVID - 19, ali i ekonomska bez koje ne može da funkcioniše ni jedan segment društva. Cilj rada jeste pokazati da su programi sporta i rekreacije važan su dio slobodnog vremena, te da je pandemija COVID – 19 uticala kako na rekreativce, tako i na sportske radnike.
The elusive perspective of a food thief
Authors: Zeiträg Claudia , Jacobs Ivo
Published: October 2021

Eurasian jays fail to take into account the point of view and desire of other jays when hiding food they can eat later.
Glucose and Lipid Profile Changes in Hepatitis C Patients After Direct Acting Antivirals Therapy
Authors: Hashem Sultan Ahmed , Sharaf-ELdin Mohamed Abd-Elrazik , Mosaad Soliman Samah , Elkhouly Reham Abd-Elkader
Published: October 2021

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Chronic HCV infection is associated with development of insulin resistance and therefore type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is also associated with hepatic steatosis and hypocholesterolemia. The treatment by Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) leads to sustained virological response (SVR) in almost all infected patients and decreases liver-related as well as all-cause mortality in these patients. The evidence for the effect of DAAs therapy on T2DM is quite conflicting. Some studies agreed with the glucometabolic amelioration induced by the Sustained Virological Response (SVR) but other studies disagreed with this hypothesis. The aim of the work was to evaluate glucose and Lipid Profile changes in hepatitis C patients at 12 weeks post treatment (SVR12) by Direct Acting Antivirals Therapy.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 80 chronic HCV infected patients who are treatment naïve and subjected to HCV DAAs treatment (Daclatasvir + Sofosbuvir for 12 weeks +/- Ribavirin or any DAA available) with 100% SVR rate at 12 weeks with no relapse. All patients are subjected to assessment of Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C and assessment of Lipid profile; Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL at baseline (pretreatment) and at end of treatment then they are followed up at SVR12.

Results: Average HbA1C, fasting blood glucose has significantly decreased in group A diabetic patients from baseline to end of treatment and to SVR12, Average Total Cholesterol, LDL has significantly increased in group A and B from baseline to end of treatment and to SVR12 respectively. Average Triglycerides has significantly decreased from baseline to end of treatment in group A and B and to SVR12 in group A only. Average HDL has significantly increased only in group B non-diabetics from baseline to end of treatment and to SVR12.

Conclusions: Successful clearance of HCV viremia (SVR12) with DAAs treatment has been associated with significant Improvement or decrease of HbA1c and Fasting plasma glucose levels in diabetic chronic HCV infected patients, and has been associated with Rise in the Lipid profile; Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL (non-diabetics only) while it decreases Triglycerides in both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic HCV infected patients.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Mobocertinib in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Study of Its Degradation
Authors: Raviteja Gunturu. , Rambabu Kantipudi
Published: October 2021

Aims: New validated method for the estimation of Mobocertinib using HPLC and study of its degradation.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between February 2021 and August 2021.

Methodology: Using an X-bridge phenyl column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µ), acetonitrile, and 0.1 percent ortho phosphoric acid (OPA) (60:40 v/v) as a mobile phase, the proposed method successfully achieved effective chromatographic separation with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wave length of 224 nm. Mobocertinib had a retention time of 2.271 minutes. The isocratic chromatography was performed at room temperature and took approximately five minutes to complete.

Results: Analysis was achieved within 5 min over an honest linearity within the concentration range from 6-90 µg/ml of Mobocertinib. Using a mathematical process, the suitability parameters of the system were investigated, and the results were found to be in acceptable limits. In a linear analysis, stages with regression coefficients of 0.999 were used. LOD and LOQ values were 0.075μg/ml and 0.248 g/ml for Mobocertinib. The drug was recovered at a rate of 98-102 percent, which means that the recovery is within reasonable limits.

Conclusion: The validation results were satisfactory, and the approach was found to be suitable for bulk and formulation analysis. The recommended procedure was found to be warranted according to ICH guidelines.
Mechanical Loading of Osteocytes via Oscillatory Fluid Flow Regulates Early‐Stage PC‐3 Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone
Authors: Seaman Kimberly , Lin Chun‐Yu , Song Xin , Sassi Amel , Du William W. , Yang Burton , Sun Yu , You Lidan
Published: February 2025

Bone metastasis is a devastating complication for advanced‐stage prostate cancer patients. Osteocytes, as the primary mechanosensors in bone, have been recently investigated for their role in prostate cancer bone metastasis. In vivo findings show potential benefits of exercise as a preventative intervention strategy for bone metastasis. In contrast, in vitro studies indicate direct prostate cancer‐osteocyte interactions under mechanical loading promote prostate cancer growth and migration. These findings are not consistent with in vivo results and may be more reflective of late‐stage metastatic colonization. Here, the role of flow‐stimulated osteocytes during early‐stage bone metastasis, particularly prostate cancer‐endothelial interactions, is examined. Flow‐stimulated osteocytes reduce PC‐3 prostate cancer cell adhesion and trans‐endothelial migration by 32.3% and 40% compared to static controls. Both MLO‐Y4 and primary murine osteocytes under mechanical loading regulate the extravasation distance and frequency of PC‐3 cells in a microfluidic tissue model. Application of vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) neutralizing antibody abolishes the difference in cancer cell adhesion, extravasation frequency, and number of extravasated PC‐3 cells between static and flow‐stimulated groups. Taken together, the role of osteocytes in early‐stage bone metastasis using PC‐3 cells as a model is demonstrated here, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo findings.
Influence of Partition Chessboard Scanning Dimension on the Surface Quality and Corrosion Resistance of Laser Powder Bed Fusion‐Fabricated Titanium‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Shi Xiaojie , Lu Peipei , Ye Xiu , Wu Meiping
Published: February 2025

The study investigates the effects of partition chessboard scanning dimension on the forming quality and the electrochemical corrosion mechanism of titanium‐based nanocomposite materials. The research results indicate that as the partition chessboard scanning dimension increases (2, 5, 8, 11 mm), the average surface roughness (Ra value) of the TC4‐0.5GO‐7Mo nanocomposite material shows an increasing trend. The average Ra values for TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD2, TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD5, TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD8, and TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD11 are 5.39, 5.93, 6.61, and 9.32 μm, respectively. Compared to TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD2, the average Ra value of TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD11 increases by 72.9%. Different partition chessboard scanning dimensions result in varying degrees of residual stress, among which the residual stress value of TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD2 is the lowest, at only 295.7 MPa. The TC4‐0.5GO‐7MoPCSD5 sample exhibits significant electrochemical stability, with the highest polarization corrosion potential of −0.280 V, and the Nyquist plot shows the largest radius of the capacitive reactance arc, demonstrating the best resistance to electrochemical corrosion.
Mechanical Spin Waves in a Nonlocal Discrete Magnetoelastic Lattice with Negative Group Velocity
Authors: Lee Taehwa , Li Xiaopeng , Yu Ziqi , Kwon Hyung‐Suk , Daraio Chiara
Published: February 2025

Structured materials can be engineered to support polarized waves generated by the rotation of the wave's displacement field, leading to spin angular momentum (SAM). This property can be leveraged to control the propagation of sound or vibrations through momentum locking or to induce nonreciprocal propagation via phonon‐magnon coupling. However, the physical realization of elastic metamaterials that support SAM is a challenge. Discrete lattices can be used to realize mechanical systems that support SAM associated with the rotational motion of particles as the waves propagate. Here, a discrete elastic system is demonstrated, consisting of repulsive magnets mounted on cantilevers, which exhibit elastic spin waves arising from the coupling between the longitudinal and transverse motion of the magnets. It is shown that the direct observation of spin variation can be employed to detect lattice defects. The lattice also enables unidirectional wave propagation and can transmit waves with a negative group velocity due to nonlocal interactions.
Integral‐based event‐triggered reachable set estimation for networked switched fuzzy systems
Authors: Gao Hui , Jin Nana , Shi Kaibo , Wang Binrui , Zhou Ying
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the reachable set estimation problem for networked T‐S fuzzy switched systems by utilizing the integral‐based event‐triggering scheme. Different from the existing results, the proposed controller design method firstly integrates the integral‐based event‐trigger mechanism for T‐S fuzzy switched systems, which not only reduces the transmission of communication data but also ensures that the state trajectories can be driven to the reachable set. Then, the event‐trigger parameters are derived and the controller gains are obtained. Finally, the superiority and effectiveness of the derived results are verified through a simulation example.
The role of Moringa oleifera in the development of alternative biofuels, under the concept of an integral one‐tree biorefinery: A minireview
Authors: Aleman‐Ramirez J. L. , Okoye Patrick U. , Saldaña‐Trinidad S. , Torres‐Arellano S. , Sebastian P. J.
Published: February 2025

The Moringa oleifera oil tree is commonly known as the ‘tree of life’ or the ‘miracle tree’ owing to its multiple benefits for humans. The different parts that make up this tree (leaves, seeds and bark) have been used to treat various ailments, diseases and wounds. However, in recent years this tree is being used by the scientific community to obtain various high value‐added products for the bioenergy sector. This review aims to compile various research works existing in the literature, which aim at the development and application of various high added value products for the bioenergy sector. These products include the extraction of lipids present in the seeds of this tree for the production of biodiesel, activated carbon for the manufacture of supercapacitors and electrodes for fuel cells, bio‐coagulant for water purification, the production of second‐generation bioethanol and the manufacture and development of various metallic nanoparticles. Furthermore, its leaves are being used for the development of green heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel, as well as being explored for bio‐hydrogen production. The main physicochemical properties and compounds of each of the parts that make up this tree are mentioned along with the different variables used to obtain these products and the main results obtained. It is expected that this review article will contribute to strengthening and carrying out new research work focused on the use of the M. oleifera tree for the bioenergy sector.
Examining equity in service use across socioeconomic status in people with dementia
Authors: Godard‐Sebillotte Claire , Arsenault‐Lapierre Geneviève , Sourial Nadia , Navani Sanjna , Quesnel‐Vallée Amélie , Rochette Louis , Massamba Victoria , Vedel Isabelle
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Inequities associated with socioeconomic status (SES) manifest across dementia outcomes; however, research investigating service use across SES in people with dementia is scarce.

METHODS

We conducted a repeated yearly cohort study of community‐dwelling people in Quebec with incident dementia (2000–2017), using health administrative data held at the Quebec National Institute of Public Health (INSPQ). We described 23 indicators of health service use and mortality across levels of material deprivation, derived from a validated ecological index based on the average income, employment, and education of residential neighborhoods.

RESULTS

Age‐standardized rates of 15/23 indicators differed across SES. Among 193,834 older people newly diagnosed with dementia, those from most deprived areas had more hospitalizations, emergency department visits, potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions, and higher 1‐year mortality, though they had higher care continuity. Conversely, rates were comparable across groups for the prescription of dementia‐specific medications and primary care visits.

DISCUSSION

Stark differences across SES in service use by people with dementia may indicate different health needs and/or allude to pervasive health inequities. These results can inform policies to address the needs of people with lower SES, to offer equitable, appropriate, and needs‐based care to all people living with dementia.
Microcontact printing of lectin self‐assembled monolayers for arbovirus detection
Authors: Lucena Raiza P. S. , Silva‐Junior Alberto G. , Frías Isaac A. M. , Gil Laura H. V. , Cordeiro Marli T. , El Salhi Abdelhamid E. , Andrade Cesar A. S. , Oliveira Maria D. L.
Published: February 2025

Arboviruses significantly burden public health in Brazil, constituting a constant challenge for health authorities. The diagnosis and, consequently, clinical management and the reporting of arbovirus infections in regions where multiple arboviruses coexist are complex processes. Herein, we report the development of a new electrochemical biosensor based on Concanavalin A (ConA) to identify carbohydrate patterns in the viral structure of Dengue 3 (DENV‐3), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. The biorecognition of arboviruses was carried out through functionalization with 4‐aminophenylacetic acid (CMA) on poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate coated with a gold layer combining microcontact printing (μCP). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used after ConA immobilization to block binding to nonspecific sites. Subsequently, the interaction between ConA and arbovirus was characterized by standard atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence microscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Fluorescent imaging was conducted to confirm the occurrence of the DENV‐3, ZIKV, and CHIKV detection processes. The obtained results demonstrated the success of the biosensor (CMA‐ConA‐BSA) manufactured on a PET substrate using μCP for detecting medically significant arboviruses. RCT values showed an increase in impedimetric response total of the system after exposition to DENV‐3 (RCT = 68.82 kΩ) and a lower recognition to CHIKV (RCT = 44.44 kΩ). The present biosensor platform reveals the applicability of the ConA lectin in the viral biorecognition process based on flexible biosensors for differential detection of DENV‐3, ZIKV, and CHIKV. ConA‐based electrochemical biosensor provide high selectivity, real‐time detection, and low volumes of analytes.
An Exploratory Study of Emotional Labour Among Therapists and Counsellors in India
Authors: Sodemba Pratigya J. , Panwar Neeraj
Published: February 2025

Background

Emotional labour has been extensively investigated in the service sector, where employees manage their emotions to ensure a positive customer experience. However, there is a dearth of research into how therapists perform emotional labour during therapy sessions. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore psychotherapists' and counsellors' experiences of performing emotional labour in therapeutic settings.

Method

The study used a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four clinical psychologists and four counsellors. The interviews were conducted via video call and lasted about 45–60 min. Thematic analysis was used to identify emerging themes.

Results

The analysis revealed that therapists experience an array of emotions during sessions. However, the expression of these emotions is guided by professional norms and emotional display rules. Participants disclosed that they use several techniques to manage their emotions both during and after sessions and that participating in emotional labour yielded both favourable and unfavourable outcomes for the therapists.

Conclusion

The findings presented in this study provide insight into emotional labour and inform professionals on how this can negatively impact them if not sufficiently addressed. The study highlights the need for further investigation. In the meantime, therapists and counsellors would benefit from integrating the study's findings into their respective practices.
Impact of DNA Nick on the Self‐Assembly of Single‐Tile‐Based Polyhedra
Authors: Wan Lingjun , Zhu Zhiyuan , Wei Mengzhou , Li Yulin
Published: February 2025

Tile‐based self‐assembly is a simple yet highly efficient bottom‐up nanofabrication strategy, which has been widely applied in many fields such as structural DNA nanotechnology. The self‐assembly of DNA tile is determined by not only the sequence design, but also the existing nick in the tile, as it would influence the flexibility and the symmetry of the tile. Herein, we systematically investigated the impact of nick on the tile‐based assembly of three‐dimensional (3D) DNA polyhedra in various conditions. A series of tile concentrations, four different sticky ends, two annealing approaches, buffers with different metal cations, and different molar percentages of intact tiles, were all tested. It was found that the tile concentration and the valence of metal cations played significant roles in how DNA nick influenced the assembly of DNA polyhedra. Besides, when the molar percentage of intact tiles was higher than the threshold of two‐thirds, the impact of nick on the assembly of DNA polyhedra would not be obvious. Our work provides an insightful understanding of the role of nick in the fabrication of high‐quality structures from single‐tile‐based assembly.
Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Perovskite Materials for Syngas Production and Water Splitting in Chemical Looping
Authors: Ambeth Prabhakaran Vanaraja , Ahmed Mohammed Hassan , Konarova Muxina
Published: February 2025

Chemical looping of methane oxidation and water splitting is a promising method for cleaner production of syngas. This process depends on efficient oxygen carriers or catalysts to facilitate the reactions. Perovskite‐based oxygen carriers show great potential for chemical looping due to their excellent oxygen storage and catalytic properties. This study synthesizes and investigates the reactivity of novel solid oxide‐based oxygen carrier Ba1−xSrxCo1−xAxO3−δ (A=Mn/Ni/Fe) to accelerate the surface‐active sites for methane oxidation. Among the catalyst Ba0.5Sr0.5CO0.8Mn0.2O3 achieves methane conversion up to 80% at 850°C through effective selective methane oxidation through lattice oxygen migration. The addition of Mn at B‐site shows an enhanced performance when compared to other materials improving redox activity. It balances the surface oxygen and facilitates replenishment of lattice oxygen from the bulk enhancing the performance while reducing carbon deposition. This provides an enhanced durability and sustained syngas production for up to 40 minutes. Further during the water splitting stage, Mn doped perovskite shows a stable hydrogen production for up to 200 minutes by effectively replacing the lattice oxygen. The material exhibits a reduced CO oxidation when compared to other materials. These attribute makes Mn‐doped perovskite as a promising for advancing longevity and stability in a chemical loop reforming.
Electrochemical Borylation of C−C and C−Het Bonds
Authors: Cheung Tsoh Lam , Lyu Hairong
Published: February 2025

Recently, electrochemical methods have been harnessed as a transition metal‐free strategy for borylation reactions in the synthesis of organoboron compounds. This article reviews the electrochemical borylation of C−C and C−Het bonds, offering a systematic discussion of C−C, C−N, C−O, and C−S bond borylation reactions. These transformations are applied to substrates including ammonium salts, aryl azo sulfones, carboxylic acids, arylhydrazines, nitroarenes, alcohols, and thioethers, showcasing broad compatibility. Additionally, the review discusses reaction mechanisms, scalability, and practical applications of these electrochemical strategies. The article concludes by outlining future research directions for electrochemical borylation reactions, aiming at expending their applications in incorporating boron into a wider array of organic compounds, including the challenging unactivated C−Het and C−F bond borylations.
Selective Synthesis of Bromo‐substituted 2H‐Pyrroles and 3H‐Pyrroles via Three‐Component Cascade Annulation of 1,3‐Enynes, NBS and TMSN3
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Song Qingting , Qin Fan , Yue Han , Xie Xiaoyu , Wang Lei , Miao Tao
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

A novel and efficient method for selective synthesis of bromo‐substituted 2H‐pyrroles and 3H‐pyrroles has been achieved from 1,3‐enynes, NBS and TMSN3 via H2O‐promoted cyclization reactions or TFA‐catalyzed cyclization/2,3‐shift reactions, providing a range of structurally diverse products in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
Enhanced Low‐Temperature Photothermal Combustion of C3H8 Using Surface‐Engineered Co3O4 Nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yajun , Xu Jianheng , Han Xinyu , zhang zeshu , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Yibo
Published: February 2025

Propane (C3H8), a challenging volatile organic compound (VOC), faces limitations in catalytic combustion due to high ignition temperatures and catalyst deactivation. Photothermal catalytic combustion for C3H8, an innovative catalysis approach, significantly improves the low‐temperature purification efficiency of catalysts but is limited by the band structure. This study addresses these issues by developing a photothermal Co3O4‐HT catalyst through hydrothermal synthesis, achieving breakthrough low‐temperature oxidation performance (T50 < 160 °C) under illumination. Key mechanistic insights reveal that the narrow bandgap and enhanced surface photocurrent of Co3O4‐HT facilitate efficient charge separation, while light irradiation synergistically accelerates lattice oxygen release via the Mars‐van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism and promotes gas‐phase oxygen activation. Crucially, photogenerated active oxygen species strengthen C3H8 adsorption and rapidly degrade carboxylate/carbonyl intermediates, overcoming conventional kinetic limitations. This work establishes a dual‐functional catalytic strategy that integrates photonic energy utilization with thermal activation, providing a universal framework for designing high‐efficiency VOC oxidation systems. The demonstrated synergy between band gap engineering and reaction pathway optimization opens new avenues for sustainable air pollution control technologies.
Navigating Antibiotic Resistance in Gram‐Negative Bacteria: Current Challenges and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Kumari Reshma , Saraogi Ishu
Published: February 2025

The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance poses a severe global health crisis, necessitating new approaches to counter this growing threat. The problem is exacerbated in Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens as many antibiotics are unable to enter these cells owing to their unique additional outer membrane barrier. In this review, we discuss the challenges of targeting Gram‐negative bacteria, including the complexity of the outer membrane, as well as the presence of efflux pumps and β‐lactamases that contribute to resistance. We also review solutions proposed to facilitate the entry and accumulation of antibiotics in Gram‐negative bacteria. These involve using existing antibiotics in combination with other inhibitors to attack the bacterial cell synergistically. We also highlight approaches to target Gram‐negative pathogens via novel modes of action, providing new strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance.
E2F1/CDK5/DRP1 axis mediates microglial mitochondrial division and autophagy in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Jing , Chen Tingting , Yang Yan‐Ling , Han Hao‐Nan , Xu Li‐Ming
Published: February 2025

Background

The integrity of brain function is at stake due to cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI), which encompasses mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. The role of E2F1 in mediating these processes in microglia during CIRI remains unclear.

Methods

A CIRI mouse model was utilized for single‐cell RNA transcriptome sequencing of brain tissues. The research comprised diverse gene expression, gene ontology (GO), and the enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Experimental techniques included oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD/R) cell models, RT‐qPCR, Western Blot, ChIP assays, and microglia‐neuron co‐cultures.

Results

A significant aspect highlighted in the study was the involvement of CDK5 in the induction of mitochondrial abnormalities associated with CIRI. Upregulation of E2F1 and CDK5 in post‐CIRI microglia was observed. E2F1 facilitated CDK5 transcription, leading to DRP1 phosphorylation, exacerbating neurotoxic effects. Silencing E2F1 improved neurobehavioral outcomes in CIRI mice.

Conclusions

Activation of E2F1‐mediated CDK5 drives mitochondrial division while inhibiting mitophagy in microglia, triggering inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and exacerbating CIRI damage. Targeting this pathway could offer novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating CIRI‐induced brain injury.

Key points

Identification of the E2F1/CDK5/DRP1 Axis in CIRI This study reveals that the E2F1 transcription factor upregulates CDK5 expression, which in turn phosphorylates DRP1, promoting excessive mitochondrial fission and inhibiting mitophagy in microglia. This mechanism plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI).

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation The activation of DRP1 leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and excessive ROS accumulation, triggering microglial activation and inflammatory responses, exacerbating neuronal apoptosis and brain injury in CIRI.

Therapeutic Potential of E2F1 Silencing Knockdown of E2F1 in microglia effectively reduces mitochondrial damage, restores mitophagy, suppresses inflammation, and improves neurological outcomes in a CIRI mouse model, highlighting a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke intervention.
Anti‐Doping Testing at FIFA World Cup 2022
Authors: AlQahtani Alanod D. , Abushareeda Wadha , Vonaparti Ariadni , Kraiem Suhail , ElSaftawy Wesal , Saad Khadija , Al‐Wahaibi Aisha , Hilal Nayla , Dbes Najib , Nimker Vandana , Weber Alexis , Beotra Alka , Al Maadheed Mohammed
Published: February 2025

The 22nd FIFA World Cup, the world championship for national football teams, was held in Qatar from November 20th to December 18th, 2022. The doping control analysis was successfully conducted by the Anti‐Doping Laboratory Qatar (ADLQ) using its state‐of‐the‐art facilities and instrumentation. To meet the short reporting timeline of 24–72 h, additional staff was recruited, trained, and incorporated into the routine activities during the event period. Furthermore, six scientific experts from other World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)‐accredited laboratories were also invited to ensure adequate staffing throughout the event.

In total, 57 scientific and non‐scientific staff of ADLQ participated in the FIFA testing. A total of 1612 samples (623 urine, 622 serum, and 367 whole blood samples) were collected and analyzed. The number of serum samples that were tested for hGH using the isoform method had been the highest compared to any other sport event in the past. The results of all the analyzed urine and blood samples were negative, with two cases each being reported to contain the monitoring substance codeine and the confounding factor carboxy finasteride.
Genomic Insights From Natural History Collections Reveal Cryptic Speciation in Coral Guard Crabs (Family: Trapeziidae)
Authors: Pollard Kenzie , Leiva Carlos , Rouzé Heloise , Lemer Sarah
Published: February 2025

Mutualistic relationships such as the one between Trapezia crabs and coral colonies are common in reef organisms and play a crucial role in coral resilience and resistance to climate‐induced stressor, yet very little is known about the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary history of the species involved. Despite being essential actors of coral reefs and threatened by the ongoing degradation of their habitat, little genetic information is available for Trapezia crabs, including the exact number of species and their relationships. To overcome this limitation, we sampled Natural History Collections, an important and underutilized source of genomic data. We used a novel approach optimized for degraded DNA to generate high‐quality genomic data from a combination of 166 museum tissues and freshly collected samples and recovered a strongly supported phylogeny of the Trapezia genus, clarifying species relationships of a majority of taxa and suggesting the potential division of Trapezia into two genera. We then focused on the most widespread species T. bidentata and identified four distinct genetic clusters, suggesting high divergence and cryptic speciation in the Indian Ocean and the Marquesas Islands. Populations of the Central and West Pacific showed signs of admixture across a heterogeneous seascape, attributing to a potentially long pelagic dispersal phase and expansive gene pool. Our results highlight the need to further explore the genetic diversity within other Trapezia species and other coral‐associated organisms, as they are likely to exhibit more complex genetic patterns than previously understood.
Gradient surface metrics of ecosystem structural diversity and their relationship with productivity across macrosystems
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Rezendes Kylie M. , Choi Dennis H. , Wang Jianmin , Downing Anna G. , Fei Songlin , Hardiman Brady S.
Published: February 2025

Structural diversity—the volume and physical arrangement of vegetation within the three‐dimensional (3D) space of ecosystems—is a predictor of ecosystem function that can be measured at large scales with remote sensing. However, the landscape composition and configuration of structural diversity across macrosystems have not been well described. Using a relatively recently developed method to quantify landscape composition and configuration of continuous habitat or terrain, we propose the application of gradient surface metrics (GSMs) to quantify landscape patterns of structural diversity and provide insights into how its spatial pattern relates to ecosystem function. We first applied an example set of GSMs that represent landscape heterogeneity, dominance, and edge density to Lidar‐derived structural diversity within 28 forested landscapes at National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites. Second, we tested for forest type, geographic location, and climate drivers of macroscale variation in GSMs of structural diversity (GSM‐SD). Third, we demonstrated the utility of these metrics for understanding spatial patterns of ecosystem function in a case study with NDVI, a proxy of productivity. We found that GSM‐SD varied in landscapes within macrosystems, with forest type, geographic location, and climate being significantly related to some but not all metrics. We also found that dominance of high peaks of height and vertical complexity of canopy vegetation and the heterogeneity of the vertical complexity and coefficient of variation of canopy vegetation height within 120‐m patches were negatively correlated with NDVI across the 28 NEON sites. However, forest type always had a significant interaction term between these GSM‐SD and NDVI relationships. Our study demonstrates that GSMs are useful to describe the landscape composition and configuration of structural diversity and its relationship with productivity that warrants further consideration for spatially motivated management decisions.
The Psychology of State Punishment
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Chiu Connie P. Y. , Dakin Nicolette M. , Cunningham William , Gantman Ana
Published: February 2025

A significant amount of punishment that happens in society is state punishment, that is, third‐party punishment carried out by an organized political community in response to a rule violation. We argue that a complete psychology of punishment must consider state punishment as a distinct form. State punishment is a unique type of punishment because it is a special case of third‐party punishment, pre‐specified to occur after the violation of official rules and policies, carried out by people acting on behalf of a nation or government. State punishment, especially as compared to interpersonal punishment, is regarded as a legitimate form of violence, which communicates not just disapproval but information about procedures and power. Moreover, state punishment is made possible by state rules, which, unlike norms, are formalized, can be fully articulated and are perfectly transmissible across generations. We end the paper with implications for the psychology of punishment more broadly and future directions for better understanding the unique psychology of state punishment.
Impact of modified Atkins diet on growth in infants and children with epilepsy
Authors: Chang Joshua , Schimpf Stephanie , Phitsanuwong Chalongchai
Published: February 2025

Objective

Ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for epilepsy that has been widely used. Linear growth restriction has been a concern as a potential adverse effect of the KD, especially in young children and infants. Studies on the classic ketogenic diet (CKD) and its potential negative impact on linear growth have had varying results. Additional studies are needed to assess this concern in other varieties of the KD, such as the modified Atkins diet (MAD). The purpose of our study was to assess the impact that MAD had on growth metrics at various time points, paying particular attention to linear growth.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis of the MAD in children and infants with epilepsy. All participants were patients in the Ketogenic Diet clinic at The University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital. Data were gathered at initial evaluation and again at visits at the 1‐, 6‐, and 12‐month marks.

Results

Twenty‐three patients were included in the analysis. Height, weight, and BMI Z‐scores were compared from baseline to the 6‐ and 12‐month marks. The analysis of the study showed no statistically significant difference in height Z‐score from baseline to 6 months (.12, p = .05) and 12 months (.269, p = .05) after the MAD initiation. When stratified by age group, there was no significant difference in height Z‐score from baseline to 12 months, including in the infant age group, age under 3 years, (.07, p = .05). Higher degrees of metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate <20 mEq/L), however, showed a statistically significant negative impact on linear growth while this association was not seen with the levels of average ketosis.

Significance

In our study, the MAD does not have a significant negative impact on linear growth in infants and children with epilepsy for at least 12 months of treatment.