bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O papel do enfermeiro no atendimento humanizado de urgência e emergência
Authors: Moura Maria Do Amparo Alves de , Watanabe Elenice Mitsuko Miyazato , Santos Alessandra Teresa Ramos dos , Cypriano Sandra Regina , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos
Published: March 2017

A atuação do enfermeiro na assistência humanizada na área de urgência e emergência pressupõe-se que o principal papel do enfermeiro na sala de emergência é o de uma assistência segura e livre de risco. Este estudo teve como objetivo interpretar a atuação do profissional enfermeiro no atendimento humanizado, classificação de risco e sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em urgência e emergência. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO. Para tanto foram utilizados artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos sobre a temática do estudo para obtenção dos resultados contemplando os objetivos, visando a importância do atendimento de enfermagem nas unidades de urgência e emergência.Descritores: Enfermeiro, Humanização, Urgência e Emergência. The role of nurses in humane care and emergencyAbstract: Nursing actions in the humanized care delivery in the area of urgency and emergency is assumed that the main role of nurses in the emergency room is in a safe and risk-free assistance. This study aimed to interpret the actions of the professional nurse in the humanized service, risk classification and systematization of nursing care in emergency and urgent. The methodology used was literature search in LILACS, SciELO databases. For both articles last published five years on the subject of study to obtaining the results contemplating objectives were utilized, targeting the importance of the nursing care in the unit urgency and emergency.Descriptors: Nurse, Humanization, Urgent and Emergency. El papel do enfermero en la atención humanitaria y de emergenciaResumen: Acciones de enfermería en la asistencia humana en el área de atención de emergencia se supone que la principal función de la enfermera en la sala de emergencias es una asistencia segura y sin riesgos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo interpretar el papel del profesional de enfermería en el cuidado humano, la clasificación de riesgo y la sistematización de la atención de enfermería en las salas de emergencia. La metodología utilizada fue la literatura en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO. Tanto para los artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años sobre el tema de estudio para obtener los resultados teniendo en cuenta los objetivos se utilizaron, apuntando a la importancia de las unidades de cuidados de enfermería y de emergencia.Descriptores: Enfermería, Humanización, Urgencias y Emergencias.
Processos do cuidar em enfermagem com o paciente esquizofrênico
Authors: Gusmão Andressa Martins , Santos Aparecida De Cássia Carvalho dos , Costa Silândia Galdino da , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos
Published: March 2017

A enfermagem é a arte e ciência do cuidar, prezando pelo maior bem, a vida humana. A esquizofrenia é uma doença muito antiga, que atinge milhares de pessoas, podendo apresentar diversas formas de manifestações e sem causa ainda definida. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a assistência de enfermagem para com o paciente esquizofrênico. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores: esquizofrenia, processo de enfermagem e paciente. A busca da literatura ocorreu nas bases de dados eletrônicos como MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Hoje se sabem que a doença e a deterioração iniciam-se anos antes das manifestações clínicas mais características da psicose. Com isso, é necessário conhecimento e um trabalho multidisciplinar para com o paciente e integra-lo na comunidade, para que o mesmo não se sinta excluído, mas sim um cidadão perante a sociedade.Descritores: Esquizofrenia, Processos de Enfermagem, Paciente. Processes of nursing care with the schizophrenic patientAbstract: Nursing is the art and science of caring, valuing the greater good, human life. Schizophrenia is a very old disease, which affects thousands of people, and may have various forms of manifestations and no cause yet defined. The objective of this study is to report the nursing care with the schizophrenic patient. The method used was a descriptive literature. The following parameters were used: schizophrenia, the nursing process and patient. The literature search was in electronic databases such as MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO. Today we know that the disease and the deterioration begin years before the clinical manifestations of psychosis more features. With this, you need knowledge and a multidisciplinary approach to the patient and integrate it in the community so that it does not feel excluded, but a citizen in society.Descriptors: Schizophrenia, Nursing Processes, Patient. Los procesos de atención de enfermería con el paciente esquizofrénicoResumen: Enfermería es el arte y la ciencia de cuidar, valorar el bien común, la vida humana. La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad muy antigua, que afecta a miles de personas, y puede tener diversas formas de manifestaciones y causa aún no se define. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar los cuidados de enfermería con el paciente esquizofrénico. El método utilizado fue una literatura descriptiva. Se utilizaron los siguientes parámetros: la esquizofrenia, el proceso de enfermería y el paciente. La búsqueda en la literatura estaba en bases de datos electrónicas como MEDLINE, LILACS y SciELO. Hoy sabemos que la enfermedad y el deterioro comienzan años antes de que las manifestaciones clínicas de la psicosis más características. Con esto, se necesita conocimiento y un enfoque multidisciplinario para el paciente y la integra en la comunidad para que no se sienta excluido, sino un ciudadano en la sociedad.Descriptores: Esquizofrenia, Proceso de Enfermería, Paciente.
Insuficiência renal aguda: principais causas e a intervenção de enfermagem em UTI
Authors: Silva Carla Monteiro Santos da , Silva Doralice De Almeida Nascimento , Silva Gleise Gonçalves Passos , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos , Oliveira Tatiana Santana de
Published: March 2017

A insuficiência renal aguda é uma patologia grave que pode ser reversível é considerada uma das principais complicações nos pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva. Teve como objetivo descrever de acordo com a literatura as principais causas de insuficiência renal e a intervenção de enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de revisão da literatura, por meio da qual realizou-se um levantamento da produção científica relacionada a insuficiência renal aguda nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. É uma complicação em cerca de 5% das hospitalizações e até 30% das internações. A atuação do profissional enfermeiro contribui na prevenção e na diminuição dos índices dessa complicação através da tomada de decisão e da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem como ferramenta de trabalho.Descritores: Insuficiência Renal Aguda, UTI, Enfermagem. Acute renal failure: main causes and the ICU nursing interventionAbstract: Acute renal failure is a severe pathology that can be reversible is consider one of the major complications in patients in the intensive care unit. Had the purpose to describe according to the literature the main causes of renal failure and the nursing intervention. This is a descriptive research of literature review, through which a survey was carried out to the scientific production related to acute renal failure in the databases LILACS, SciELO and Virtual Health Library. It is a complication in about 5% of hospitalizations and up to 30% of hospital admissions. The professional nursing activity contributes in the prevention and reduction of the indices of this complication through decision-making and the Nursing Assistance Systematization as a work tool.Descriptors: Acute Renal Failure, ICU, Nursing. Insuficiencia renal aguda: principales causas y la intervención de enfermería UCIResumen: La insuficiencia renal aguda es una patología grave que puede ser reversible es considerada como una de las principales complicaciones en pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Tenían el propósito de describir según la literatura las principales causas de insuficiencia renal y de la intervención de enfermería. Esta es una investigación descriptiva de la revisión de la literatura, a través de la cual se realizó una encuesta para la producción científica relacionada con la insuficiencia renal aguda en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Es una complicación en aproximadamente el 5% de las hospitalizaciones y hasta un 30% de los ingresos hospitalarios. La actividad profesional de la enfermería contribuye en la prevención y reducción de los índices de esta complicación a través de la toma de decisiones y la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería como una herramienta de trabajo.Descriptores: Insuficiencia Renal Aguda, UCI, Enfermería.
O papel do enfermeiro no manejo da monitorização hemodinâmica em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Venturi Viviane , Viana Cidicléia Pereira , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos , Basílio Maria Jesuela , Oliveira Andréia Avelino , Sobrinho Josiane Carlos , Melo Roberto Da Silva Ferreira de
Published: March 2017

Mostrar a importância do enfermeiro frente a monitorização hemodinâmica em unidade de terapia intensiva. Trata-se de um trabalho de revisão bibliográfica, através de artigos encontrados nas bases de dados do SCIELO e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, onde foram encontrados 30 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 13 artigos para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho. Observou-se a importância do papel do enfermeiro no manejo da monitorização hemodinâmica, ressaltando que é um cuidado que deve ser rigorosamente executado para prestar um cuidado de enfermagem apropriado, resultando assim na melhora do estado do paciente.Descritores: Monitorização Hemodinâmica, Cuidados de Enfermagem, Enfermeiro. The nurse's role in the management of hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit Abstract: To show the importance of the nurse in hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit. This work is a bibliographic review, through articles found in SCIELO databases and Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, where 30 articles were found, from which 13 were selected for the development of this work. The importance of the nurse's role in the management of hemodynamic monitoring is observed, emphasizing that it is a care that must be rigorously carried out to provide appropriate nursing care, thus resulting in the improvement of patient's condition.Descriptors: Hemodynamic Monitoring, Nursing Care, Nurse. El papel del enfermero en el manejo de la monitorización hemodinámica en unidad de cuidados intensivos Resumen: Mostrar la importancia del enfermero ante la monitorización hemodinámica en unidad de cuidados intensivos. Tratase de una investigación de revisión bibliográfica, a través de artículos encontrados en las bases de datos SciELO y Salud Biblioteca Virtual, donde se han encontrado 30 artículos, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 13 artículos para el desarrollo de esta investigación. Se ha observado la importancia del papel del enfermero en el manejo de la monitorización hemodinámica, señalando que es un cuidado que debe ser rigurosamente ejecutado para prestar un cuidado de enfermería apropiado, resultando así en la mejora del estado del paciente.Descriptores: Monitorización Hemodinámica, Cuidado de Enfermería, Enfermero.
Ocular trauma: prevention
Authors: Pradhan Eli
Published: March 2017

Ocular trauma is an important cause of unilateral visual impairment worldwide. According to Nepal blindness survey (Brillinat et al, 1985), it accounted for 2.4% of blindness, and in another community based study (Upadhyay M et al, 2001), the prevalence of ocular trauma was observed to be 0.7%. The Bhaktapur Eye Study confirms that “corneal trauma leading to ulceration” is the second most common cause of blindness after cataract in Nepal.
Study of microbial growth on silicone tubes after transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy and correlation with patency
Authors: Goel R , Nagpal S , Kamal S , Kumar S , Mishra B , Loomba P S
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Intubation in primary transcanalicular laser assisted dacryocystorhinostomy (TCLADCR) is performed to increase the success rates. However, the associated inflammation and infection can have adverse effects. Objective: To study the microbial infection and drug susceptibility of extubated silicone tubes and final anatomical patency in patients undergoing TCLADCR. Materials and methods: A non-randomised prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care eye centre. The study included twenty consecutive adult patients with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction. They underwent TCLADCR with bicanalicular silicone intubation. The stents were removed at 2 months and subjected to culture sensitivity, followed by administration of appropriate antimicrobial agents. Main outcome measures studied were the microbial spectrum on the cultured tubes, their sensitivity profile and its correlation with final anatomical patency. Results: A positive culture was obtained in 100% cases, comprising of normal commensals and pathogenic organisms. Of the total 24 isolates, 16 (66.6%) Gram positive bacteria (75% Staphylococcus aureus) and 8 (33.3%) Gram negative bacteria (commonest E.coli) were found, with 4 tubes having more than one isolate. No fungal growth was seen. Ninety percent success rate was achieved at one year following appropriate antimicrobial therapy except in 2 patients with gram negative isolates who had failed to take the prescribed antibiotics following sensitivity reports. There was no correlation between multiple infections and success rate. However, by using the Fisher exact test, a positive correlation was obtained between appropriate antibiotic treatment and the final anatomical patency (p<0.05). Conclusion: Silicone intubation predisposes to microbial growth, which if neglected, can lead to failure of TCLADCR.
Direct microscopy in suppurative keratitis: a report from tertiary level hospital in Nepal
Authors: Rai Pooja Gautam , Chaudhary Meenu , Sharma Ananda Kumar , Gautam Vijay
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Infective keratitis is an ocular emergency that requires prompt diagnosis for appropriate management. This study was done todetermine the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of Gram stain and potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount in the diagnosis of suppurative keratitis. Materials and methods: A prospective hospital based study of all patients with clinically diagnosed suppurative keratitis presenting between January 2011 and June 2012 was carried out. Corneal scrapes were taken and subjected to direct microscopy and culture.Results: Corneal scrapings were obtained from 108 eyes with suppurative keratitis. Direct microscopy was positive in 39.2% of cases and organisms were grown in 50.9 % of the cases. Bacteria were responsible in 76.4% and fungi in 23.6%. Of the bacterial isolates, 66.7% was Staphylococcus aureus and of the fungal isolates, 30.7% was Aspergillus species. Sensitivity in vitro showed that Cefazolin, Chloramphenicol and Ofloxacin were most effective against bacteria. Sensitivity of Gram stain in detecting bacteria was 50% (95% CI, 34.43 to 65.56) and specificity was 77.3% (95% CI, 65.0 to86.3) and sensitivity of KOH wet mount in detecting fungi was 53.8% (95% CI, 26.12 to79.6) and specificity was 98.9% (95% CI, 93.44 to 99.9). Positivity of direct smear (65.1%) was found to be higher among eyes with larger ulcers (>2mm) than eyes with smaller ulcers (<2mm). Conclusion: Direct microscopy is of great diagnostic value in the management of suppurative keratitis and it is recommended in all ophthalmic clinics without exception for establishing timely, appropriate and effective treatment.
Amniotic membrane transplantation: Current indications in a tertiary eye hospital of eastern Nepal
Authors: Hamal Diwa , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Lamichhane Binaya , Sharma Archana , Anwar Afaque , Mahaseth Vijay
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Amniotic membrane has unique properties that can be helpful to treat different ocular surface diseases. Objectives: To report our experience with 100% glycerol preserved amniotic membrane at 4°C and fresh amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) with and without limbal graft for ocular surface reconstruction. Materials and methods: Retrospective case study of 211 eyes of 211 patients was conducted at Biratnagar Eye Hospital from June 2008 to March 2014. The cases were evaluated in terms of demographic parameters, preoperative diagnosis and the type of surgery performed. Results: The most common indication for surgery was Pterygium (90 eyes, 42.65%), followed by symblepharon (57 eyes, 27.01%), chemical injury (35 eyes, 16.58%), socket reconstruction (9 eyes, 4.26%), shield ulcer (6 eyes, 2.84%), PED (4 eyes, 1.89%), Steven Jonson’s syndrome (5 eyes, 2.36%), dry Eye (2 eyes, 0.94%), Corneal Degeneration (2 eyes, 0.94%), bullous keratopathy (1 eye, 0.47%). The mean age was 28.12 ±17.2 years (age range 3-78 years). More men (161, 76.30%) underwent surgery than women (50 eyes, 23.69%). Symblepharon (24 eyes, 36.36%) was the major cause of surgery in pediatric group. The mean follow-up was 7 months (range 2-36, months). Resurgery was needed in (18 eyes, 8.53%) of which symblepharon (7eyes, 39%) was the major cause. AMT was done in 189 (89.57%) eyes and AMT with conjunctival limbal graft was done in 22(10.42 %) cases. Infectious, inflammatory, or allergic reactions were not encountered in any patient. Conclusion: All patient experienced increased ocular comfort with anatomical restoration of corneal and conjunctival surfaces. AMT alone or in combination with limbal graft aids in ocular surface reconstruction.
Role of modern teaching aids and technologies in Ophthalmic teaching
Authors: Agrawal Ajai
Published: March 2017

Clinical teaching in Ophthalmology is a big challenge. In the words of a senior professor, “I still remember those days when I used to be an undergraduate student of medicine in 1964-67 and later on as a post graduate in 1968-71, there used to be a batch of twenty to twenty-five students for OPD or indoor clinics for case presentations. The case was being shown on the indirect ophthalmoscope or slitlamp or in the operation theatre. Since it was not possible that all the students could see the patients individually by torch or on slitlamp or on any other device, therefore we had to rely most of the time on the statements of our teachers.” Now the scenario has entirely changed. All the equipments are attached with electronic devices and projection on computer monitor or much higher magnification, with the help of LCD projector, to larger group of students is possible. Thus, Ophthalmic teaching has become much easier and simpler because the teachers and the students see and discuss the same things together, at the same time. There is no need of giving the false consent of understanding when one has not comprehended what is being taught.
Claude Amable de Cohade de La Garderie: Family Conflict and Political Conspiracy under Louis XV
Authors: Merrick Jeffrey
Published: March 2017

The merchant Claude Amable de Cohade de La Garderie, arrested and imprisoned in 1773 as a result of family disputes, revealed a Jesuit conspiracy to destroy the parlements and the Bourbon dynasty. His dossier in the Archives de la Bastille contains three hundred pages, including two dozen letters and mémoires in which he summarized his biography, recounted his conflicts with his wife, his brother, and his lawyer, all of whom claimed that he was demented and dangerous, and requested assistance from the lieutenant general of police and other notables. This strange case illustrates the ways in which French subjects could connect their own lives with public affairs and the ways in which that connection, even if constructed out of loyalty to the king, could backfire on them.
“Bring Back the English”: The Legacy of British Trade on the Southern Gabonese Coast in the Concessionary Era, 1900–1914
Authors: Rich Jeremy
Published: March 2017

Long tied to Portuguese and British trading networks, southern coastal Gabonese people found themselves under the domination of rapacious concessionary companies granted a monopoly over trade in 1900 by the French colonial government. Concessionary companies relied on force and deception to obtain ivory and rubber from southern Gabonese coastal communities, who had previously enriched themselves as middlemen with European traders. Concessionary officials took advantage of contradictory state policies to protect their monopoly while failing to promote the economy. Southern Gabonese people turned to memories of British traders to criticize concessionary firms. British and American journalists wrote exposés of French concessionary firms that highlighted British ideals of free trade, but also showed how southern Gabonese communities tried to regain their control over trade by invoking British traders for their respect for Africans. This case thus examines a battle between older British-dominated Atlantic trade ties with French efforts to ensure control over Gabonese commerce.
The Self and History: Hannah Arendt and the Perplexities of Jewish Identity
Authors: Jissov Milen
Published: March 2017

Her biography of the Berlin salonnière Rahel Varnhagen, Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess, was Hannah Arendt's most systematic analysis of Jewish identity. Written in the 1930s, it interpreted its protagonist's Jewish identity as a function of her understanding of history. But Arendt's construal of Jewish selfhood in this way could be seen as exhibiting critical conundrums, revealed through considering her work as a whole — as an oeuvre. This holistic perspective shows that Arendt's philosophy of the human mind, which she formulated late in her life, conflicted with her earlier historical interpretation of Jewish identity in Rahel Varnhagen. This conflict confounded Arendt's analysis of Jewish selfhood in the biography. And, in general, it created a discord in her oeuvre — a crucial fracture between her philosophical thought and her historiography.
Closing the Induced Vehicle Travel Gap Between Research and Practice
Authors: Milam Ronald T. , Birnbaum Marc , Ganson Chris , Handy Susan , Walters Jerry
Published: March 2017

Several studies have rigorously documented the induced travel effect, in which added highway capacity leads to added vehicle travel. Despite the evidence, transportation planning practice does not fully account for this phenomenon, with the result that estimates of the potential congestion-reducing benefits of added highway capacity may be overstated and estimates of potential environmental impacts understated. In 2015, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) sponsored a review of applicable induced vehicle travel research that could inform transportation analysis guidance in response to new laws in California such as Senate Bill 743 (S.B. 743), which prohibits the use of vehicle level of service (LOS) and similar measures as the sole basis for determining significant transportation impacts under the California Environmental Quality Act. Instead, vehicle miles traveled was selected to replace LOS under S.B. 743, and along with the new metric there will be a requirement to account for induced travel effects in analysis of roadway capacity expansion projects. The Caltrans review revealed an inconsistent lexicon in academic research and among practitioners, questions about research applicability, limitations in the sensitivity of travel forecasting models, and confusion about the appropriate use of induced vehicle travel elasticities from research. This paper summarizes the Caltrans review and shares the findings to advance understanding of induced vehicle travel effects and suggest steps for additional research.
Taxonomy of Shared Autonomous Vehicle Fleet Management Problems to Inform Future Transportation Mobility
Authors: Hyland Michael F. , Mahmassani Hani S.
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a taxonomy for classifying vehicle fleet management problems, across several dimensions, to inform future research on autonomous vehicle (AV) fleets. Modeling the AV fleet management problem will bring about new classes of vehicle routing, scheduling, and fleet management problems; nevertheless, the existing literature related to vehicle routing, scheduling, and fleet management is a valuable foundation for future research on the AV fleet management problem. This paper classifies the broadly defined AV fleet management problem by using existing taxonomic categories in the literature; adds additional, or more nuanced, dimensions to existing taxonomic categories; and presents new taxonomic categories to classify specific AV fleet management problems. The broadly defined AV fleet management problem can be classified as a dynamic multivehicle pickup and delivery problem with explicit or implicit time window constraints. Existing studies that fit into this class of fleet management problems are reviewed. New taxonomy categories presented in this paper include fleet size elasticity, reservation structure, accept–reject decision maker, reservation time frame, ridesharing, vehicle repositioning, underlying network structure, and network congestion. Two goals of the taxonomy presented in this study are to provide researchers with a valuable reference as they begin to model AV fleet management problems and to present novel AV fleet management problems to spur interest from researchers.
Book Reviews
Authors: Luppes Jeffrey , Berghahn Klaus , Heiser-Duron Meredith , Jones Sara , Colla Marcus
Published: March 2017

Yulia Komska, The Icon Curtain: The Cold War’s Quiet Border (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015).
Reviewed by Jeffrey Luppes, World Language Studies, Indiana University South Bend

Robert C. Holub, Nietzsche’s Jewish Problem: Between Anti-Semitism and Anti-Judaism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016).
Reviewed by Klaus Berghahn, German, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Stephen F. Szabo, Germany, Russia, and the Rise of Geo-economics (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015)
Reviewed by Meredith Heiser-Duron, Political Science, Foothill College

Juan Espindola, Transitional Justice after German Reunification: Exposing Unofficial Collaborators (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
Reviewed by Sara Jones, Modern Languages, University of Birmingham

Jost Hermand, Das Liebe Geld! Eigentumsverhältnisse in der deutschen Literatur (Cologne: Böhlau, 2015)
Reviewed by Klaus L. Berghahn, German, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Simon Ward, Urban Memory and Visual Culture in Berlin: Framing the Asynchronous City, 1957-2012 (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016).
Reviewed by Marcus Colla, History, University of Cambridge
Specific transfer effects following variable priority dual-task training in older adults
Authors: Lussier Maxime , Bugaiska Aurélia , Bherer Louis
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Past divided attention training studies in older adults have suggested that variable priority training (VPT) tends to show larger improvement than fixed priority training (FPT). However, it remains unclear whether VPT leads to larger transfer effects.

Methods: In this study, eighty-three older adults aged between 55 and 65 received five 1-hour sessions of VPT, FPT or of an active placebo. VPT and FPT subjects trained on a complex dual-task condition with variable stimulus timings in order to promote more flexible and self-guided strategies with regard to attentional priority devoted to the concurrent tasks. Real-time individualized feedback was provided to encourage improvement. The active placebo group attended computer classes. Near and far modality transfer tasks were used to assess the generalization of transfer effects.

Results: Results showed that VPT induced significantly larger transfer effects than FPT on a near modality transfer task. Evidence for larger transfer effects in VPT than FPT on a far modality transfer task was also observed. Furthermore, the superiority of VPT on FPT in transfer effects was specific to the ability to coordinate two concurrent tasks.

Conclusions: Results of this study help better understand the benefits of VPT attentional training on transfer effects, which is an essential outcome for cognitive training effectiveness and relevancy.
Post-surgical outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy observed at BIRDEM hospital
Authors: Maitra Tapash Kumar , Ekramullah Mahmud , Faruquzzaman - , Mondol Samiran Kumar
Published: March 2017

Background and Objective: Currently, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is widely practiced for the management of acute appendicitis (AA). The application of laparoscopic technique for appendectomy is expanding very rapidly and now performed in almost all major cities and tertiary level hospitals. This study addressed to determine the outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy in our surgical setup at Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM).Methodology: All admitted patients at BIRDEM hospital and clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis considered eligible for the study. Based on clinical history relevant and routine biochemical investigations were done. A board of experienced surgeons selected the eligible cases for LA. The study continued from Sept 2014 to Sept 2016.Result: A total of 47 (M / F = 21 / 26) patients with acute appendicitis were admitted during this period. The mean (SD) age was 21 (±1.4) years in male and 19 (±1.7) years in female. The mean age of the total patients was 20 (±1.6) years. Eighty percent of the patients were of age 30 years or less. Per-operative laparoscopic findings revealed that five cases (10.6%) were misdiagnosed as appendicitis. Two (4.2%) cases were found to have other pathology and necessitated open appendectomy (OA). One was suspected for malignancy and other had appendicitis with adhesion. Overall, four important post-operative outcomes were observed: (a) post-operative pain was found reducing gradually and it fell below pain score 2 or even less after 30 hours; (b) port-site bleeding and infection were observed in 4.3% and 2.1%, respectively; (c) none had visceral bleeding or subcutaneous emphysema and (d) more than 80% were discharged within 72 hours.Conclusion: Most of the patients admitted with acute appendicitis were of younger age (<30 years). Though there was no comparative group undergoing open appendectomy (OA), it was apparent that laparoscopic approach was proved to have reduced pain, less complication and shorter hospital stay thus reducing the treatment cost. Thus, LA was found relatively safe and resilient procedure. An additional benefit of laparoscopy was that it revealed about 10% case were misdiagnosed as having appendicitis. Thus, this approach may be considered as a step forward in the treatment of appendicitis making easier to explore the abdominal cavity while keeping an option to perform an OA.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 15-18
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Mitra Palash , Haque Hasna Fahmima , Samdani Tasrina Shamnaz , Zaman Shahana , Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: March 2017

Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh is not well described. The present study aimed to find out the prevalence of CKD stages 3-5 and its risk factors among selected Bangladeshi T2DM patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July to December 2015. Diagnosed adult T2DM patients were consecutively and purposively included in this study. Pregnant women, patients with diagnosed kidney disease due to non-diabetic etiology, acute kidney injury (AKI), AKI on CKD and patients on renal replacement therapy were excluded. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and laboratory parameters were recorded systematically in a predesigned data sheet. Diagnosis of CKD and its stages were determined according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines 2012 and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Estimated GFR was calculated by using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKDEPI) creatinine based formula.Results: A total of 400 patients with T2DM of various durations were enrolled in the study. Out of 400 patients, 254 (63.5%), 259 (64.75%) and 218 (54.5%) cases had CKD stages 3-5 according to MDRD, C-G and CKD-EPI equations respectively. CKD was significantly more common in females (p<0.001) and in cases with long duration of diabetes (?5 years; p=0.007). CKD stages 3-5 were significantly associated with hypertension (?2=5.2125, p =0.02) and good control of diabetes (HbA1c <7%) as evidenced by higher proportion of CKD in them (73.3%) compared to those with poor glycemic control (52.1%).Conclusions: More than half of T2DM patients had CKD stages 3-5. Female gender, duration of diabetes and hypertension were significant risk factors and should be emphasized for the prevention of CKD in T2DM. Glycemic control may not reduce CKD in diabetes.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 19-24
Serum magnesium and copper levels in Bangladeshi women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mishu Farzana Akonjee , Muttalib MA
Published: March 2017

Background and objectives: Alteration of magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) concentrations in blood has been observed in normal pregnancy as well as in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study was aimed to evaluate the serum Mg and Cu levels in Bangladeshi women with GDM in their second and third trimester of pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. Pregnant women, in their second and third trimester, attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Endocrinology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. GDM was diagnosed on the basis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as defined in WHO criteria 2013. Blood glucose was estimated by enzymatic GOD-PAP colorimetric method. The cut off value for fasting plasma glucose level was ?6.1 mmol/L or ?7.8 mmol/L 2 hours after glucose load. Serum Cu was estimated by 3, 5-DiBr-PAESA method and Mg by Xylidyl Blue-I Method as per manufacturers instruction.Results: A total of 172 pregnant women in their second and third trimester were enrolled. Out of 172 participants, 86 had GDM and 86 were normoglycemic (control). The mean age of GDM and control groups was 28.6±3.2 years and 27.3±3.1 years respectively. The BMI was 26.4±1.5 m/kg2 and 26.3±1.3 m/kg2. Serum Mg level was significantly low (p< 0.001) in 2nd and 3rd trimesters in GDM cases (1.39±0.26 mg/dl and 0.93±0.15 mg/dl) compared to control group (1.67±0.3 mg/dl and 1.67±0.31mg/dl). On the contrary, serum Cu levels in GDM cases were significantly (p<0.002) higher in both trimesters (224±333.8 ?g/dl and 243.91±6.89 ?g/dl) compared to those without GDM (220.1±7.6 ?g/dl and 234.9±4.6 ?g/dl). There was significant (p<0.001) increase of serum Cu levels in 3rd trimester compared to 2nd trimester in both GDM and non GDM cases.Conclusion: There was distinct alteration of serum Mg and Cu levels in GDM compared to normal pregnancy.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 25-28
Interstrain Cooperation in Meningococcal Biofilms: Role of Autotransporters NalP and AutA
Authors: Pérez-Ortega Jesús , Rodríguez Antonio , Ribes Eduardo , Tommassen Jan , Arenas Jesús
Published: March 2017

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) and Neisseria lactamica (Nl) are commensal bacteria that live in the human nasopharynx, where they form microcolonies. In contrast to Nl, Nm occasionally causes blood and/or meningitis infection with often fatal consequences. Here, we studied interactions between neisserial strains during biofilm formation. Fluorescent strains were engineered and analyzed for growth in single- and dual-strain biofilms with confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Different strains of diverse Neisseria species formed microcolonies of different sizes and morphologies. Pair-wise combinations of two invasive Nm strains and one Nm carrier isolate showed that these strains can coexist in spite of the fact that they produce toxins to combat congeners. This lack of competition was even observed when the biofilms were formed under nutrient limitation and can be explained by the observation that the separate microcolonies within mixed biofilms are mostly lineage specific. However, these microcolonies showed different levels of interaction. The coexistence of two strains was also observed in mixed biofilms of Nm and Nl strains. Inactivation of the autotransporter NalP, which prevents the release of the heparin-binding antigen NHBA and the α-peptide of IgA protease from the cell surface, and/or the production of autotransporter AutA increased interactions between microcolonies, as evidenced by close contacts between microcolonies on the substratum. Qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed an altered spatial distribution of each strain in mixed biofilms with consequences for the biomass, biofilm architecture and bacterial viability depending on the synthesis of NalP and AutA, the expression of which is prone to phase variation. Being in a consortium resulted in some cases in commensalism and cooperative behavior, which promoted attachment to the substratum or increased survival, possibly as result of the shared use of the biofilm matrix. We hypothesize that Nm strains can cooperate during host colonization, but, possibly, the different capacities of the microcolonies of each strain to resist the host's defenses limits the long-term coexistence of strains in the host.
RETRACTED: Knockdown of Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Restrained Glioma Cells’ Malignancy by Activating miR-370/CCNE2 Axis
Authors: Gong Wei , Zheng Jian , Liu Xiaobai , Liu Yunhui , Guo Junqing , Gao Yana , Tao Wei , Chen Jiajia , Li Zhiqing , Ma Jun , Xue Yixue
Published: March 2017

Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in solid tumors. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in human glioma U87 and U251 cells. Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 expression was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 exerted tumor-suppressive function in glioma cells. Moreover, a binding region was confirmed between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-370 by dual-luciferase assays. qRT-PCR showed that miR-370 was down-regulated in human glioma tissue and cells. In addition, restoration of miR-370 exerted tumor-suppressive function via inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoting the apoptosis of human glioma cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 decreased the expression level of Cyclin E2 (CCNE2) by binding to miR-370. Further, miR-370 bound to CCNE2 3′UTR region and decreased the expression of CCNE2. These results provided a comprehensive analysis of KCNQ1OT1-miR-370-CCNE2 axis in human glioma cells and might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment.
Activity of Sulfa Drugs and Their Combinations against Stationary Phase B. burgdorferi In Vitro
Authors: Feng Jie , Zhang Shuo , Shi Wanliang , Zhang Ying
Published: March 2017

Lyme disease is a most common vector-borne disease in the US. Although the majority of Lyme patients can be cured with the standard two- to four-week antibiotic treatment, at least 10%–20% of patients continue to suffer from prolonged post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). While the cause for this is unclear, one possibility is that persisting organisms are not killed by current Lyme antibiotics. In our previous studies, we screened an FDA drug library and an NCI compound library on B. burgdorferi and found some drug hits including sulfa drugs as having good activity against B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells. In this study, we evaluated the relative activity of three commonly used sulfa drugs, sulfamethoxazole (Smx), dapsone (Dps), sulfachlorpyridazine (Scp), and also trimethoprim (Tmp), and assessed their combinations with the commonly prescribed Lyme antibiotics for activities against B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells. Using the same molarity concentration, dapsone, sulfachlorpyridazine and trimethoprim showed very similar activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi enriched in persisters; however, sulfamethoxazole was the least active drug among the three sulfa drugs tested. Interestingly, contrary to other bacterial systems, Tmp did not show synergy in drug combinations with the three sulfa drugs at their clinically relevant serum concentrations against B. burgdorferi. We found that sulfa drugs combined with other antibiotics were more active than their respective single drugs and that four-drug combinations were more active than three-drug combinations. Four-drug combinations dapsone + minocycline + cefuroxime + azithromycin and dapsone + minocycline + cefuroxime + rifampin showed the best activity against stationary phase B. burgdorferi in these sulfa drug combinations. However, these four-sulfa-drug–containing combinations still had considerably less activity against B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells than the Daptomycin + cefuroxime + doxycycline used as a positive control which completely eradicated B. burgdorferi stationary phase cells. Future studies are needed to evaluate and optimize the sulfa drug combinations in vitro and also in animal models.
Use of the Genetic Algorithm-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Load-Frequency Control in a Two Area Interconnected Power System
Authors: Cam Ertugrul , Gorel Goksu , Mamur Hayati
Published: March 2017

The use of renewable energy resources has created some problems for power systems. One of the most important of these is load frequency control (LFC). In this study, in order to solve the LFC problem, modern control methods were applied to a two area multi source interconnected power system. A photovoltaic solar power plant (PV-SPP) was also connected, in order to identify the harmful effects on the frequency of the system. A new Genetic-based Fuzzy Logic (GA-FL) controller was designed to control the frequency of the system. For comparison, conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fuzzy logic (FL), and Genetic Algorithm (GA)-PID controllers were also designed. The new control method exhibited a better performance than the conventional and other modern control methods, because of the low overshoot and short settling time. All simulations were realized with the Matlab-Simulink program.
Optimization of Subcritical Water Extraction of Resveratrol from Grape Seeds by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Tian Yajie , Wang Yingsa , Ma Yunyun , Zhu Pengbo , He Jing , Lei Jiandu
Published: March 2017

The subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a high-efficiency and environment-friendly extraction method. The extraction of resveratrol (RES) of grape seeds obtained from the wine production process was proposed using subcritical water extraction (SWE). The effects of different extraction process parameters on RES yield were investigated by single factors. Extraction optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM). Extraction temperature was proven to be the most significant factor influencing RES yield. The optimal conditions was as follows: extraction pressure of 1.02 MPa, temperature of 152.32 °C, time of 24.89 min, and a solid/solvent ratio of 1:15 g/mL. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted extraction RES yield was 6.90 μg/g and the recoveries was up to 91.98%. Compared to other previous studies, this method required less pollution and less treatment time to extract RES from grape seeds. From these results, added economic value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed using environmentally friendly extraction techniques.
Diverse Mechanisms of Sulfur Decoration in Bacterial tRNA and Their Cellular Functions
Authors: Zheng Chenkang , Black Katherine A. , Dos Santos Patricia C.
Published: March 2017

Sulfur-containing transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) are ubiquitous biomolecules found in all organisms that possess a variety of functions. For decades, their roles in processes such as translation, structural stability, and cellular protection have been elucidated and appreciated. These thionucleosides are found in all types of bacteria; however, their biosynthetic pathways are distinct among different groups of bacteria. Considering that many of the thio-tRNA biosynthetic enzymes are absent in Gram-positive bacteria, recent studies have addressed how sulfur trafficking is regulated in these prokaryotic species. Interestingly, a novel proposal has been given for interplay among thionucleosides and the biosynthesis of other thiocofactors, through participation of shared-enzyme intermediates, the functions of which are impacted by the availability of substrate as well as metabolic demand of thiocofactors. This review describes the occurrence of thio-modifications in bacterial tRNA and current methods for detection of these modifications that have enabled studies on the biosynthesis and functions of S-containing tRNA across bacteria. It provides insight into potential modes of regulation and potential evolutionary events responsible for divergence in sulfur metabolism among prokaryotes.
Electrochemical Sensor for Explosives Precursors’ Detection in Water
Authors: Desmet Cloé , Degiuli Agnes , Ferrari Carlotta , Romolo Francesco , Blum Loïc , Marquette Christophe
Published: March 2017

Although all countries are intensifying their efforts against terrorism and increasing their mutual cooperation, terrorist bombing is still one of the greatest threats to society. The discovery of hidden bomb factories is of primary importance in the prevention of terrorism activities. Criminals preparing improvised explosives (IE) use chemical substances called precursors. These compounds are released in the air and in the waste water during IE production. Tracking sources of precursors by analyzing air or wastewater can then be an important clue for bomb factories’ localization. We are reporting here a new multiplex electrochemical sensor dedicated to the on-site simultaneous detection of three explosive precursors, potentially used for improvised explosive device preparation (hereafter referenced as B01, B08, and B15, for security disclosure reasons and to avoid being detrimental to the security of the counter-explosive EU action). The electrochemical sensors were designed to be disposable and to combine ease of use and portability in a screen-printed eight-electrochemical cell array format. The working electrodes were modified with different electrodeposited metals: gold, palladium, and platinum. These different coatings giving selectivity to the multi-sensor through a “fingerprint”-like signal subsequently analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results are given regarding the detection of the three compounds in a real environment and in the presence of potentially interfering species.
Radar Angle of Arrival System Design Optimization Using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Egger Neilson , Ball John , Rogers John
Published: March 2017

An approach for using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to select radar design parameters related to beamforming and angle of arrival estimation is presented in this article. This was accomplished by first developing a simulator that could evaluate the localization performance with a given set of design parameters. The simulator output was utilized as part of the GA objective function that searched the solution space for an optimal set of design parameters. Using this approach, the authors were able to more than halve the mean squared error in degrees of the localization algorithm versus a radar design using human-selected design parameters. The results of this study indicate that this kind of approach can be used to aid in the development of an actual radar design.