bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfungi Associated with Pteroptyx bearni (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Eggs and Larvae from Kawang River, Sabah (Northern Borneo)
Authors: Foo Kevin , Sathiya Seelan Jaya , Dawood Mahadimenakbar
Published: July 2017

Overlooking the importance of insect disease can have disastrous effects on insect conservation. This study reported the microfungi that infect Pteroptyx bearni eggs and larvae during ex-situ rearing project. Two different species of microfungi that infected the firefly’s immature life stages were isolated and identified. Penicillium citrinum infected the firefly’s eggs while Trichoderma harzianum infected the firefly during the larval stage. Both microfungi species caused absolute mortality once infection was observed; out of 244 individual eggs collected, 75 eggs (32.5%) were infected by Penicillium citrinum. All 13 larvae that hatched from the uninfected eggs were infected by Trichoderma harzianum. This study was the first to document the infection of Pteroptyx bearni’s eggs and larvae by Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma harzianum.
Thermomechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid-Graphene Composites: A State-of-the-Art Review for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bayer Ilker
Published: July 2017

Due to its biodegradable and bioabsorbable characteristics polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted considerable attention for numerous biomedical applications. Moreover, a number of tissue engineering problems for function restoration of impaired tissues have been addressed by using PLA and its copolymers due to their biocompatibility and distinctive mechanical properties. Recent studies on various stereocomplex formation between enantiomeric PLA, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) indicated that stereocomplexation enhances the mechanical properties as well as the thermal- and hydrolysis-resistance of PLA polymers. On the other hand, biomedical application of graphene is a relatively new front with significant potential. Many recent reports have indicated that understanding of graphene-cell (or tissue, organ) interactions; particularly the cellular uptake mechanisms are still challenging. Therefore, use of graphene or graphene oxide properly embedded in suitable PLA matrices can positively impact and accelerate the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of stem cells, conceivably minimizing concerns over cytotoxicity of graphene. As such, PLA-graphene composites hold great promise in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and in other biomedical fields. However, since PLA is classified as a hard bio-polyester prone to hydrolysis, understanding and engineering of thermo-mechanical properties of PLA-graphene composites are very crucial for such cutting-edge applications. Hence, this review aims to present an overview of current advances in the preparation and applications of PLA-graphene composites and their properties with focus on various biomedical uses such as scaffolds, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and biological imaging, together with a brief discussion on the challenges and perspectives for future research in this field.
Sterols from the Octocoral Nephthea columnaris
Authors: Whuang Ta-Yuan , Tsai Hong-Chieh , Su Yin-Di , Hwang Tsong-Long , Sung Ping-Jyun
Published: July 2017

Two new sterols, columnaristerols B (1) and C (2), along with two known analogues, 5,6-epoxylitosterol (3) and litosterol (4), were obtained from the octocoral Nephthea columnaris. The structures of new sterols 1 and 2 were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods and comparing the spectroscopic data with those of known related metabolites. Sterol 3 was found to suppress superoxide anion production and elastase secretion by human neutrophils.
Reply to the Comment on “Melanisation of Aspergillus terreus—Is Butyrolactone I Involved in the Regulation of Both DOPA and DHN Types of Pigments in Submerged Culture? Microorganisms 2017, 5, 22”
Authors: Palonen Elina , Raina Sheetal , Brandt Annika , Meriluoto Jussi , Keshavarz Tajalli , Soini Juhani
Published: July 2017

We are pleased that our paper has generated this discussion.[...]
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. Leaves
Authors: Da Silva Sa Fabyola , De Paula Joelma , Dos Santos Pierre , De Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira Leandra , De Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira Gerlon , Liao Luciano , De Paula Jose , Do Rosario Rodrigues Silva Maria
Published: July 2017

This work describes the isolation and structural elucidation of compounds from the leaves of Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC. (goiaba-brava) and evaluates the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds against bacteria and fungi. Column chromatography was used to fractionate and purify the extract of the M. tomentosa leaves and the chemical structures of the compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed using the broth microdilution method. The phytochemical investigation isolated 11 compounds: α-bisabolol, α-bisabolol oxide B, α-cadinol, β-sitosterol, n-pentacosane, n-tetracosane, quercetin, kaempferol, avicularin, juglanin and guaijaverin. The crude ethanolic extract and its fractions were tested against 15 bacteria and 9 yeasts. The crude extract inhibited the in vitro growth of yeasts at concentration of 4 to 32 μg/mL. The hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions inhibited Candida sp. at concentrations of 4 to 256 μg/mL, whereas the Cryptococcus sp. isolates were inhibited only by the hexane and dichloromethane fractions in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at 16 to 64 μg/mL. The flavonoid quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranose (avicularin) was the most active compound, inhibiting Candida species in concentrations of 2 to 32 μg/mL. The MIC values suggest potential activity of this plant species against yeast.
Newly Synthesized Doxorubicin Complexes with Selected Metals—Synthesis, Structure and Anti-Breast Cancer Activity
Authors: Jabłońska-Trypuć Agata , Świderski Grzegorz , Krętowski Rafał , Lewandowski Włodzimierz
Published: July 2017

Doxorubicin (DOX) is very effective chemotherapeutic agent, however it has several major drawbacks. Therefore the motivation for developing novel drug complexes as anticancer agents with different mechanism of action has arisen. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of newly synthesized DOX complexes with selected metals (Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn) on apoptosis, cell cycle, viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Complexation of DOX with metals has likewise been the subject of our research. The current work showed that the tested bivalent metals at a given pH condition formed metal:DOX complexes in a ratio of 2:1, while iron complexes with DOX in a ratio of 3:1. The studies also showed that selected metal-DOX complexes (Mg-DOX, Mn-DOX, Ni-DOX) at 0.5 µM concentration significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation, however they increased caspase 7 activity. Results also indicated that studied metal-DOX complexes showed high cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. Therefore they were chosen for cell cycle check-points and apoptosis/necrosis analysis studied by flow cytometry. Obtained results suggest that doxorubicin complexed by specified metals can be considered as a potential anti-breast cancer agent, which is characterized by a higher efficacy than a parent drug.
Reduced Graphene Oxides: Influence of the Reduction Method on the Electrocatalytic Effect towards Nucleic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Báez Daniela , Pardo Helena , Laborda Ignacio , Marco José , Yáñez Claudia , Bollo Soledad
Published: July 2017

For the first time a critical analysis of the influence that four different graphene oxide reduction methods have on the electrochemical properties of the resulting reduced graphene oxides (RGOs) is reported. Starting from the same graphene oxide, chemical (CRGO), hydrothermal (hTRGO), electrochemical (ERGO), and thermal (TRGO) reduced graphene oxide were produced. The materials were fully characterized and the topography and electroactivity of the resulting glassy carbon modified electrodes were also evaluated. An oligonucleotide molecule was used as a model of DNA electrochemical biosensing. The results allow for the conclusion that TRGO produced the RGOs with the best electrochemical performance for oligonucleotide electroanalysis. A clear shift in the guanine oxidation peak potential to lower values (~0.100 V) and an almost two-fold increase in the current intensity were observed compared with the other RGOs. The electrocatalytic effect has a multifactorial explanation because the TRGO was the material that presented a higher polydispersity and lower sheet size, thus exposing a larger quantity of defects to the electrode surface, which produces larger physical and electrochemical areas.
Backtesting the Lee–Carter and the Cairns–Blake–Dowd Stochastic Mortality Models on Italian Death Rates
Authors: Maccheroni Carlo , Nocito Samuel
Published: July 2017

This work proposes a backtesting analysis that compares the Lee–Carter and the Cairns–Blake–Dowd mortality models, employing Italian data. The mortality data come from the Italian National Statistics Institute (ISTAT) database and span the period 1975–2014, over which we computed back-projections evaluating the performances of the models compared with real data. We propose three different backtest approaches, evaluating the goodness of short-run forecast versus medium-length ones. We find that neither model was able to capture the improving shock on mortality observed for the male population on the analysed period. Moreover, the results suggest that CBD forecasts are reliable prevalently for ages above 75, and that LC forecasts are basically more accurate for this data.
Unsupervised Fault Diagnosis of a Gear Transmission Chain Using a Deep Belief Network
Authors: He Jun , Yang Shixi , Gan Chunbiao
Published: July 2017

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, which can effectively analyze massive amounts of fault data and automatically provide accurate diagnosis results, have been widely applied to fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Conventional AI methods are applied using features selected by a human operator, which are manually extracted based on diagnostic techniques and field expertise. However, developing robust features for each diagnostic purpose is often labour-intensive and time-consuming, and the features extracted for one specific task may be unsuitable for others. In this paper, a novel AI method based on a deep belief network (DBN) is proposed for the unsupervised fault diagnosis of a gear transmission chain, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the structural parameters of the network. Compared to the conventional AI methods, the proposed method can adaptively exploit robust features related to the faults by unsupervised feature learning, thus requires less prior knowledge about signal processing techniques and diagnostic expertise. Besides, it is more powerful at modelling complex structured data. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using datasets from rolling bearings and gearbox. To show the superiority of the proposed method, its performance is compared with two well-known classifiers, i.e., back propagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector machine (SVM). The fault classification accuracies are 99.26% for rolling bearings and 100% for gearbox when using the proposed method, which are much higher than that of the other two methods.
A Frequency-Domain Adaptive Matched Filter for Active Sonar Detection
Authors: Zhao Zhishan , Zhao Anbang , Hui Juan , Hou Baochun , Sotudeh Reza , Niu Fang
Published: July 2017

The most classical detector of active sonar and radar is the matched filter (MF), which is the optimal processor under ideal conditions. Aiming at the problem of active sonar detection, we propose a frequency-domain adaptive matched filter (FDAMF) with the use of a frequency-domain adaptive line enhancer (ALE). The FDAMF is an improved MF. In the simulations in this paper, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) gain of the FDAMF is about 18.6 dB higher than that of the classical MF when the input SNR is −10 dB. In order to improve the performance of the FDAMF with a low input SNR, we propose a pre-processing method, which is called frequency-domain time reversal convolution and interference suppression (TRC-IS). Compared with the classical MF, the FDAMF combined with the TRC-IS method obtains higher SNR gain, a lower detection threshold, and a better receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in the simulations in this paper. The simulation results show that the FDAMF has higher processing gain and better detection performance than the classical MF under ideal conditions. The experimental results indicate that the FDAMF does improve the performance of the MF, and can adapt to actual interference in a way. In addition, the TRC-IS preprocessing method works well in an actual noisy ocean environment.
On the Annual Cycle of Meteorological and Geographical Potential of Wind Energy: A Case Study from Southwest Germany
Authors: Grau Leonie , Jung Christopher , Schindler Dirk
Published: July 2017

Wind energy in Germany has experienced high growth rates over the last few years. The set political target in the German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg is to raise the share of wind energy in the overall electricity supply to 10% by 2020. To achieve this goal, detailed information on wind energy potential in Baden-Wuerttemberg is necessary. This study assesses the geographical wind energy potential (GP) in Baden-Wuerttemberg giving a guideline to identify suitable locations for wind energy utilization. The focus of this investigation lies in assessing GP for the mean annual meteorological wind energy potential (MP) as well as for the mean MP in December and August providing information on the seasonal behavior of wind power availability. A GIS-based approach is employed to identify sites without geographical restrictions and with sufficient MP at hub heights of 100 m, 140 m, and 200 m. The study finds that (1) the number of possible sites for wind energy utilization is strongly limited by geographical restrictions, (2) GP is highly dependent on MP and, therefore, (3) GP varies highly throughout a year since MP depends on the seasonal pattern of wind speed in Central Europe, showing high values in winter and low values in summer.
Estimation of the Virtual Water Content of Main Crops on the Korean Peninsula Using Multiple Regional Climate Models and Evapotranspiration Methods
Authors: Lim Chul-Hee , Kim Seung , Choi Yuyoung , Kafatos Menas , Lee Woo-Kyun
Published: July 2017

Sustainable agriculture in the era of climate change needs to find solutions for the retention and proper utilization of water. This study proposes an ensemble approach for identifying the virtual water content (VWC) of main crops on the Korean Peninsula in past and future climates. Ensemble results with low uncertainty were obtained using three regional climate models, five potential evapotranspiration methods, and the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop model. The productivity results of major crops (rice and maize) under climate change are likely to increase more than in the past based on the ensemble results. The ensemble VWC is calculated using three types of crop yields and fifteen consumptive amounts of water use in the past and the future. While the ensemble VWC of rice and maize was 1.18 m3 kg−1 and 0.58 m3 kg−1, respectively, in the past, the future amounts were estimated at 0.76 m3 kg−1 and 0.48 m3 kg−1, respectively. The yields of both crops showed a decline in future projections, indicating that this change could have a positive impact on future water demand. The positive changes in crop productivity and water consumption due to climate change suggest that adaptation to climate change can be an opportunity for enhancing sustainability as well as for minimizing agricultural damage.
Energy Efficiency in the Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Synthesis of Cobalt Aluminate Pigment
Authors: Veronesi Paolo , Leonelli Cristina , Bondioli Federica
Published: July 2017

Abstract: Due to their rapid, selective, and volumetric heating, microwaves have been widely used in the past to enhance solid-state reactions as well as the synthesis of ceramic pigments. The aim of this work is to present a case study involving the preparation of blue CoAl2O4 pigment using different microwave applicators and generator frequencies, showing the advantages which can derive from a properly designed microwave reactor for the solid-state synthesis of such pigment. The results show that, when using a properly designed microwave applicator, the specific energy consumption can be significantly lowered compared to conventional heating techniques. Consistently with the data on the dielectric properties of precursors found in literature, the microwave processing of cobalt oxide and aluminum hydroxide mixtures resulted more favorable at 2.45 GHz than at 5.8 GHz microwave frequency.
Anemia is Correlated with Malnutrition and Inflammation in Croatian Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Multicenter Nationwide Study
Authors: Radić Josipa , Bašic-Jukić Nikolina , Vujicić Božidar , Klarić Dragan , Radulović Goran , Jakić Marko , Jurić Klara , Altabas Karmela , Grđan Željka , Kovačević–Vojtušek Ivana , Martinović Valentina Ćorić , Janković Nikola , Gulin Marijana , Ljutić Dragan , Rački Sanjin
Published: July 2017

Malnutrition, inflammation, and anemia are common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this study, correlations between Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS), laboratory and anthropometric parameters, and anemia indices in Croatian PD patients were analyzed. One hundred and one PD patients (males/females 54/47, age 58.71 ± 14.68 years, mean PD duration 21.82 ± 21.71 months) were included. Clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric parameters were measured. Statistically significant correlations between MIS and erythropoietin weekly dose per kg of body weight (ESA weekly dose), hemoglobin (Hb), and erythrocytes were found ( r = 0.439, p < 0.001; r = -0.032, p < 0.001; r = -0.435, p < 0.001), respectively. Also, statistically significant correlations were found between MIS and mean corpuscular volume ( r = 0.344, p < 0.001), iron ( r = -0.229, p = 0.021), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) ( r = -0.362, p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, statistically significant correlations between ESA weekly dose and serum albumin level and body mass index (BMI) were found ( r = -0.272, p = 0.006; r = -0.269, p = 0.006), respectively. When we divided PD patients into 2 groups according Hb level (Hb ≥ 11 0 [ N = 60, 59.41 %]) and Hb < 110 [ N = 41, 40.59%]), statistically significant differences were found in MIS score (3.02 ± 2.54 vs 4.54 ± 3.54, p = 0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (3.52 ± 6.36 vs 7.85 ± 7.96, p = 0.005), and serum albumin level (44.22 ± 8.54 vs 39.94 ± 8.56, p = 0.003), respectively. Our findings suggest that anemia is correlated with malnutrition and inflammation in Croatian PD patients. Further studies are needed to assess whether modulating inflammatory or nutritional processes can improve anemia management in PD patients.
The Potential Cardiovascular Benefits of Low-Glucose Degradation Product, Biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Grantham Charlotte E. , Hull Katherine L. , Graham-Brown Matthew P.M. , March Daniel S. , Burton James O.
Published: July 2017

Cardiovascular mortality in the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population remains the leading cause of death. Targeting traditional cardiovascular risk factors has proven unsuccessful in this patient population, and therefore attention has turned to risk factors related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The toxicity of high-glucose peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions has been well documented. The breakdown of glucose into glucose degradation products (GDP) and advanced glycation end-products (AGE) has the ability to alter cell viability and cause premature apoptosis and is strongly correlated with interstitial fibrosis and microvascular sclerosis. Biocompatible solutions have been introduced to combat the hostile milieu to which PD patients are exposed.

Given the considerable cardiovascular burden for PD patients, little is known about the cardiovascular impact the new biocompatible solutions may have. This review analyzes the existing literature regarding the mechanisms through which low-GDP solutions may modulate cardiovascular risk. Interventions using low-GDP solutions have provided encouraging changes in structural cardiovascular measures such as left ventricular mass (LVM), although metabolic changes from reduced GDP and AGE exposure yield inconclusive results on vascular remodelling. It is thought that the local effects of reduced glucose exposure may improve membrane integrity and therefore fluid status. Further research in the form of a robust randomized controlled trial should be carried out to assess the true extent of the cardiovascular benefits these biocompatible solutions may hold.
Experienced Practitioners’ Beliefs Utilized to Create a Successful Massage Therapist Conceptual Model: a Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Kennedy, LMT, BCTMB, DRPH Ann B. , Munk, LMT, PhD Niki
Published: July 2017

Background: The massage therapy profession in the United States has grown exponentially, with 35% of the profession’s practitioners in practice for three years or less. Investigating personal and social factors with regard to the massage therapy profession could help to identify constructs needed to be successful in the field.Purpose: This data-gathering exercise explores massage therapists’ perceptions on what makes a successful massage therapist that will provide guidance for future research. Success is defined as supporting oneself and practice solely through massage therapy and related, revenue-generating field activity.Participants and Setting: Ten successful massage therapy practitioners from around the United States who have a minimum of five years of experience.Research Design: Semistructured qualitative interviews were used in an analytic induction framework; index cards with preidentified concepts printed on them were utilized to enhance conversation. An iterative process of interview coding and analysis was used to determine themes and subthemes.Results: Based on the participants input, the categories in which therapists needed to be successful were organized into four main themes: effectively establish therapeutic relationships, develop massage therapy business acumen, seek valuable learning environments and opportunities, and cultivate strong social ties and networks. The four themes operate within specific contexts (e.g., regulation and licensing requirements in the therapists’ state), which may also influence the success of the massage therapist.Conclusions: The model needs to be tested to explore which constructs explain variability in success and attrition rate. Limitations and future research implications are discussed.
Journal Aspirations: Improving Scientific Writing and Publication Through a Writing Mentorship Program
Authors: Kennedy, LMT, BCTMB, DrPH Ann Blair
Published: July 2017

Looking to help novice scientific writers improve their skills and enhance the likelihood of scientific publication, the IJTMB launched a writing mentorship program. Research indicates that when novice writers have a mentor and work on writing as a team, the authors can gain self-efficacy, manuscripts are improved, thoughts and writing are clarified, and differing perspectives are added. This editorial identifies the process for being recommended to use a writing mentor, discusses recommendations in the forming of a mentor/mentee relationship, describes the qualities of good mentors and mentees, and offers suggestions for improving writing for scientific publication. As our database of writing mentors grows, we encourage those who join this program both as mentors and as mentees to consider what it means to be in these roles and that the suggestions herein help in developing the relationships.
Nursing Care For Women In Situation Of Unsafe Abortion
Authors: Souto Sayonara Lays Umbelino , Ferreira Josefa Danielma Lopes , Ramalho Naiany Monise Gomes , Lima Carla Lidiane Jácome de , Ferreira Thalys Maynnard Costa , Maciel Graciela Maria Carneiro , Lima Shirley Antas de , Oliveira Danielle Martins do Nascimento , Santos Joseane Caetano dos , Braga Luanna Silva , Lima Lorrayne Felix de , Ramalho Flávio William Brito de Azevedo , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes
Published: July 2017

Objective: To identify relevant evidence to the peculiarities of nursing care to women in situation of unsafe abortion.

Method: This is a survey of integrative review of literature, where the databases used were LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE and SCOPUS. The data collection occurred during the months of September and October 2016, articles were in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from 2006 to 2016. The sample was composed of 14 studies.

Results: Studies have shown that nursing care is carried out in a technicist and without quality service; contrary to the norms of the Code of Ethics for nurses. There were willing two thematic categories: reasons that led the women to practice unsafe abortion and the nursing care provided to women in a situation of abortion.

Conclusion: Trials, prejudice, religiosity and moral values of nurses, contribute to the precariousness of quality assistance to these women.

 

Descriptors: abortion; induced abortion; caused abortion; nursing; nursing care.
Cracks analysis in the reinforced concrete pipes
Authors: Buda-Ozog Lidia , Skrzypczak Izabela , Kujda Joanna
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the analysis of cracking due to tensile stress in a reinforced concrete pipe is presented. The tensile strength of concrete in case of the member of a high relative curvature is significantly different from the strength of uncurved elements. The current state of research indicates that only methods of nonlinear fracture mechanics lead to a satisfactory agreement between the results of calculations and experimental studies, and allow for compiling correctly the influence of basic parameters of stretched concrete and geometrical dimensions on the load capacity of crush pipes made from concrete. Obtaining consistent results of experimental and numerical research is still a very complicated issue. This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation performed on three pipes and the numerical model of the analysed element of the pipes made using the ATENA (Advanced Tool for Engineering Nonlinear Analysis) program. The numerical analyses of cracks were compared with the results of experimental studies.
Use of industrial wastes as filler in open-graded friction courses
Authors: Choudhary Rajan , Chattopadhyay Dibyatonu , Kumar Abhinay , Julaganti Ashok
Published: July 2017

For a fast developing economy like India, expansion, rehabilitation, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure is crucial and require huge quantities of high quality natural aggregates. Meanwhile, vast amounts of industrial wastes accumulating in the country pose problems related to safe and sustainable disposal. The present study investigated possible utilisation of marble dust, a waste from stone industry, and fly ash, a waste from thermal power stations, as filler materials in open-graded friction course mixes. Open-graded friction course mixes incorporating fly ash, marble dust, and two sources of stone dust as filler fractions were designed and evaluated for mix design properties including draindown, abrasion loss, air void content, and permeability. Morphology of each filler was characterised through scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical properties of fillers were examined through Rigden voids, German filler test, methylene blue, and hydrometer analysis. Analysis of variance using Fisher multiple comparison procedure was performed to evaluate the effect of filler type on design properties of open-graded friction course mixes. Regression analysis using forward selection technique was performed to identify significant filler characteristics influencing open-graded friction course properties. Results showed that filler type affected open-graded friction course design parameters significantly. Open-graded friction course mixes with marble dust showed promising performance with lowest draindown, and highest durability, air voids, and permeability. Regression analysis identified Rigden void content of filler materials as a major filler characteristic affecting the mix design parameters of open-graded friction course mixes.
La multiplicité des connaissances et le tremblement des institutions
Authors: Rabeharisoa Vololona
Published: July 2017

Ces dernières années, l’engagement des associations de malades – et plus largement des groupes concernés par un problème impliquant des savoirs scientifiques – dans la production de connaissances est devenu un thème classique en sciences sociales. Les connaissances expérientielles que produisent ces associations et ces groupes constituent un défi pour les institutions scientifiques. Cet article propose quelques pistes que les chercheurs intéressés par l’anthropologie des connaissances pourraient explorer pour comprendre comment les institutions scientifiques se rendent (ou non) sensibles à ces connaissances expérientielles, et aux transformations que ces connaissances pourraient induire sur la gouvernance de la recherche et de l’innovation.
Évaluer l’administration de la justice dans les pays européens. Une co-construction entre Union européenne et Conseil de l’Europe
Authors: Cappellina Bartolomeo
Published: July 2017

Résumé Cet article porte sur la fabrique européenne de dispositifs d’évaluation de la justice. Il se fonde sur l’analyse des rapports produits par la Commission européenne pour l’efficacité de la justice (CEPEJ), qui relève du Conseil de l’Europe, et par la Commission européenne. L’analyse montre que dans le domaine de l’administration judiciaire, l’Union européenne n’est pas la principale instance d’incitation aux réformes dans les États membres. Néanmoins, l’Union européenne participe aux dynamiques de circulation des normes, principes et instruments d’administration judiciaire, aussi bien en fournissant qu’en s’appropriant des travaux et des instruments développés à tous les niveaux de la gouvernance judiciaire en Europe. Le résultat est un espace de co-construction et de circulation d’instruments qui dégage des logiques à la fois coopératives et concurrentielles quant à la définition d’un modèle d’administration de la justice.
Innovation ouverte et « Living labs » : production et traduction d’un modèle européen
Authors: Ark Ceren , Smyrl Marc
Published: July 2017

Résumé Parmi les mesures mises en avant par l’Union européenne pour encourager l’innovation technologique et l’emploi, le Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group (OISPG), hébergé par la Commission européenne, a défini un modèle d’innovation « centrée sur l’utilisateur ». L’association European Network of Living Labs (ENoLL), qui relève indirectement de l’Union européenne, est chargée de la labellisation des living labs, unités publiques ou privées de recherche et développement adoptant cette méthode. L’analyse des effets de la dynamique institutionnelle entre ces trois instances fait ressortir l’évolution imprévue du modèle lui-même. Conçue comme un moyen pour atteindre les buts fixés par l’Union européenne, l’innovation centrée sur l’utilisateur est devenue une fin en soi, applicable à des questions et projets divers.
Iran’s Oil, the Theory of Rent, and the Long Shadow of History
Authors: Bina Cyrus
Published: July 2017

The modern oil industry is an outcome of a three-stage change in which the largest cartel in recent memory emerged secretly, thrived visibly, and collapsed onto itself just before the 1973-74 oil crisis. Iran was the first country in the Middle East where a colonial oil concession (D’Arcy, 1901) for the exploration and production of oil was signed. This paper focuses on Iran to unveil the toehold of the International Petroleum Cartel (1928-72) in economic/political terms, before theorizing the history of decartelization, oil rents, and the competitive globalization of the petroleum sector following the crisis of the early 1970s. This paper validates that, regardless of the ownership of deposits, the lessor is entitled to a differential oil rent and the lessee merely to a competitive profit, both of which are the effect of the globalization of oil. Oil contracts in the Islamic Republic are no exception.
La production du « vrai musulman » par l’organisation des Frères musulmans égyptiens : fidélité et dissidences
Authors: Néfissa Sarah Ben
Published: July 2017

L’encadrement de la jeunesse est une activité centrale de l’organisation des Frères musulmans égyptiens, car leur vision de la réforme politique est pensée comme un résultat de la réforme religieuse de l’individu. L’article se propose d’analyser les modalités de leur action éducative. Il se fonde sur la littérature de la confrérie explicitant les principes éducatifs de cette dernière, sur des documents internes organisant leur mise en œuvre et, enfin, sur les témoignages publiés par des ex-jeunes Frères musulmans. La production du « vrai musulman » repose autant sur la dimension affective produite par l’organisation que sur la surveillance et le contrôle des individus. L’article met l’accent sur l’importance du facteur culturel comme ressource principale du désengagement.
Introduction
Authors: Cucchetti Humberto , Stites Mor Jessica
Published: July 2017

This issue tackles two central concerns surrounding the reconfiguration of formerly activism in recent Latin American history. It considers the political transformation of former activists and the networks and routes used to transform themselves, through the notion of reconversion, and their relationship to shifting access to the state. It also uses case studies to reflect on the reconfiguration of activism in societies that have undergone substantial neoliberal reforms. As individual activists move from volunteering or voluntary political association –such as activism in political parties, local community organizations, various types of social movements and organizations– to professional political activity, this issue argues that they must inherently go through a process of adaptation. An empirical analysis of these conversions captures more nuanced and profound changes regarding the place of activism in Latin American societies in recent decades, the opening of new spaces for the “left” and for emerging social movements, and the partisan reorganization of actors from various political and social groups.
Activism Inside and Outside the State: Agrarian Reform Activists and Bureaucrats in the State of Pará, Brazil
Authors: Penna Camila
Published: July 2017

Rural social movements fighting for agrarian reform have been among the most organized and combative collective actors in Brazil for the last few decades. From 2003 onwards, some of their activists have reached positions of power within the state, which is now ruled by the Workers’ Party, a long-time ally. Drawing on ethnographical research on the state agency responsible for implementing agrarian reform in Brazil, I analyze the challenges faced by activists working as bureaucrats through the description of two of the most important public disputes in which they have taken part in their daily work. These disputes are key to understanding the relation between social movements and the state in the context of the Workers’ Party.
L’accès aux services en réseau par le microcrédit : un palliatif au retrait de l’État et du service public ?
Authors: Isaurralde Magdalena
Published: July 2017

En Argentine, à l’image d’autres pays latino-américains, la fourniture de services collectifs a progressivement été intégrée dans les fonctions étatiques à travers la construction des « monopoles naturels ». Ces monopoles n’ont pourtant pas atteint la couverture totale du territoire. Face à la croissance de l’habitat informel aux marges des grandes métropoles, comme Buenos Aires, et dans le cadre de mutations profondes de l’économie des services, comment garantir l’accès aux services de base pour les populations défavorisées ? Le microcrédit pour l’accès aux services, comme l’énergie, peut-il être un instrument idoine pour faciliter le raccordement des ménages pauvres à des réseaux d’infrastructure ? Cet article interroge l’efficacité de l’utilisation du microcrédit pour financer les raccordements domiciliaires aux réseaux d’infrastructure à travers son utilisation dans le cadre d’un projet d’extension de gaz à Buenos Aires, en Argentine.
Management Model Internal Client in the Process of Restoration
Authors: Piñeros Villegas Carlos Andrés , Pérez Barral Osmany , Alarcón Quinapanta Mónica del Rocío , Ripoll Feliu Vicente Mateo
Published: July 2017

The general objective of the study is propose an internal client management model in the process of restoration of the food and beverage directorate for the improvement of the attention of the services in the hotel object of study. As processes of change we want to achieve a catering service more in line with the needs of customers visiting the country (Ecuador), which means that the internal customer who provides the services of food and beverage should improve their management, and be more creative and artistic in the presentation of the different dishes and drinks that are promoted in the restaurants and bars of the hotel. In this sense, the aim is to approach a model that achieves results related to profitability and growth, which are generated by customer loyalty; fidelity, which is the result of customer satisfaction; customer satisfaction, which is influenced by the value of the service; the value of the service, generated through the fidelity and the productivity of the employees and, the satisfaction of the employees, that is generated by the internal quality of the service.
DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER: A VIVÊNCIA DA DOENÇA NA PERSPECTIVA DOS CUIDADORES FAMILIARES
Authors: Da Silva Thaís Oliveira , Ribeiro Patrícia Mônica , Martinez Maria Regina
Published: July 2017

alteração da função mental. A doença evolui para uma fase de total dependência, o que exige a assistência de cuidadores familiares ou profissionais de saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever a relação entre o doente e o cuidador familiar e compreender como o cuidador vivencia esse cuidado. A metodologia adotada foi a história oral, com a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada e análise de conteúdo. Os temas encontrados foram Cuidadores Familiares e o doente: vivência inicial; A descoberta da doença: como acontece; Como o cuidador familiar vivencia a doença. A vivência do cuidado ao portador da doença de Alzheimer exige mudanças na dinâmica familiar dos cuidadores, os quais necessitam de conhecimento sobre a doença, sintomas e evolução. Essas mudanças geram ansiedade e desespero nos cuidadores familiares e uma adaptação para o exercício do cuidado nas diversas situações que vão emergindo com a doença.
MORTE, CULTURA, HEAVY METAL E EXPERIÊNCIA INTERNA: SENSAÇÃO E AFETIVIDADE
Authors: Magalhães José Hugo Gonçalves , Nascimento Alexsandro Medeiros do
Published: July 2017

O presente estudo buscou investigar as possíveis relações estabelecidas entre referenciais tanatológicos presentes no heavy metal e as experiências afetivas e sensoriais associadas à morte por partícipes deste campo de expressão artística e cultural. A pesquisa foi conduzida com base em metodologia introspeccionista de base qualitativa e idiográfica para o estudo da consciência, cujos procedimentos culminaram, em um primeiro momento na identificação e descrição das fenomenologias emergentes das referidas experiências; em um segundo momento na discussão dos processos cognitivos e afetivos subjacentes à emergência dos conteúdos fenomenológicos; e, em um terceiro e último momento na discussão de possíveis relações entre as fenomenologias reportadas e a circunscrição da morte no heavy metal. Tomados como um todo, os dados indicaram que, tanto no campo afetivo quanto no campo sensorial, a experiência interna do tema da morte entre os sujeitos reflete conhecidos parâmetros de representação da morte no ocidente, os quais parecem se sobrepor ao campo mais restrito de representação da morte no heavy metal.
O PEDIATRA E SUA FUNÇÃO APOSTÓLICA: PERCEPÇÕES DE MÉDICOS RESIDENTES SOBRE SUAS PRÁTICAS
Authors: Dickstein Paulo , Verztman Julio Sergio , Romão-Dias Daniela , Pinheiro de Andrade Beatriz
Published: July 2017

Este estudo é o resultado de um trabalho pedagógico, realizado com médicos residentes em pediatria em um hospital público no Rio de Janeiro. Durante um mês os residentes se encontraram diariamente com um supervisor para uma conversa sobre as suas consultas ambulatoriais. Os sentimentos que esses atendimentos despertavam nos médicos eram trazidos para os encontros. O foco da consulta era a relação médico-paciente e os padrões defensivos dos médicos. O estudo buscou apreender as estratégias subjetivas, utilizadas pelos médicos pediatras em formação para enfrentar a sua prática clínica cotidiana. Oito residentes do primeiro ano de pediatria foram entrevistados com foco nas questões relacionadas à puericultura. Seguiu-se o Método de Explicitação do Discurso Subjacente (MEDS) no campo da pesquisa qualitativa em que as entrevistas são realizadas com uma mescla de perguntas abertas e outras específicas. Observou-se que o zelo apostólico, ou seja, os padrões defensivos dos profissionais, tal como formulado por Michael Balint, se manifesta como uma exigência acentuada sobre as mães, como uma dificuldade de conhecer a dinâmica da família. É possível que esses comportamentos estejam relacionados à excessiva idealização da mãe e da criança, como demonstrou a análise das narrativas. O trabalho direcionado para os conceitos idealizados sobre as mães e as crianças pode ajudar no arrefecimento do zelo apostólico nos profissionais em formação.
Inflammasome and Fas-Mediated IL-1β Contributes to Th17/Th1 Cell Induction in Pathogenic Bacterial Infection In Vivo
Authors: Uchiyama Ryosuke , Yonehara Shin , Taniguchi Shun’ichiro , Ishido Satoshi , Ishii Ken J. , Tsutsui Hiroko
Published: July 2017

CD4+ Th cells play crucial roles in orchestrating immune responses against pathogenic microbes, after differentiating into effector subsets. Recent research has revealed the importance of IFN-γ and IL-17 double-producing CD4+ Th cells, termed Th17/Th1 cells, in the induction of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In addition, Th17/Th1 cells are involved in the regulation of infection caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. However, the precise mechanism of Th17/Th1 induction during pathogen infection is unclear. In this study, we showed that the inflammasome and Fas-dependent IL-1β induces Th17/Th1 cells in mice, in response to infection with the pathogenic intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In the spleens of infected wild-type mice, Th17/Th1 cells were induced, and expressed T-bet and Rorγt. In Pycard−/− mice, which lack the adaptor molecule of the inflammasome (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), Th17/Th1 induction was abolished. In addition, the Fas-mediated IL-1β production was required for Th17/Th1 induction during bacterial infection: Th17/Th1 induction was abolished in Fas−/− mice, whereas supplementation with recombinant IL-1β restored Th17/Th1 induction via IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1), and rescued the mortality of Fas−/− mice infected with Listeria. IL-1R1, but not apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain or Fas on T cells, was required for Th17/Th1 induction, indicating that IL-1β stimulates IL-1R1 on T cells for Th17/Th1 induction. These results indicate that IL-1β, produced by the inflammasome and Fas-dependent mechanisms, contributes cooperatively to the Th17/Th1 induction during bacterial infection. This study provides a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Th17/Th1 induction during pathogenic microbial infections in vivo.
La lezione del piccolo Charlie Gard* / The lesson learned from baby Charlie Gard*
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2017

* Il testo, con piccole modifiche, compare contemporaneamente sul Blog dell’Associazione Donum Vitae, fondata dallo stesso Card. Elio Sgreccia: http://www.ildonodellavita.it/card-sgreccia-10-punti-critici-sul-caso-del-piccolo- charlie-gard/.
Evaluation of patella alta using MRI measurements in adolescents
Authors: Yilmaz Baris , Ozdemir Guzelali , Sirin Evrim , Cicek Esin D , Anıl Burcu S , Bulbun Goncagul
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To determine whether or not there were any differences in the measurement techniques used by orthopedic and radiology specialists in the evaluation of magnetic resonance (MR) images for the diagnosis of patella alta in adolescents. Materials and Methods: Evaluations were performed by three orthopedic specialists (Group I) and three radiology specialists (Group II) regarding the presence of patella alta in 40 adolescents cases using the Insall–Salvati, Caton–Deschamps, Blackburne–Peel, and modified Insall–Salvati indices on MR images obtained to diagnose patellar instability. Results: The Fleiss Kappa conformity levels for Insall–Salvati, Caton–Deschamps, Blackburne–Peel, and modified Insall–Salvati measurements were 0.531, 0.559, 0.246, and 0.272, respectively, in Group I, and 0.699, 0.346, 0.516, and 0.394, respectively, in Group II. Conclusion: The radiology specialists were found to have greater conformity in the evaluation of all patella alta indices, which was probably due to their greater familiarity with radiological measurements than that of the orthopedic specialists.
Cystic lesions of the pancreatico-biliary tree: A schematic MRI approach
Authors: Halankar Jaydeep , Jhaveri Kartik , Metser Ur
Published: July 2017

Although a common occurrence, cystic lesions of the pancreatico-biliary tree (PBT) may pose a diagnostic dilemma because they encompass a large number of neoplastic and benign processes with varied clinical symptoms. Knowledge of lesion classification and characterization are essential in making an accurate prospective diagnosis. This is necessary for identifying clinically significant cystic masses, which at times may require invasive intervention from indolent, nonneoplastic lesions, for which surveillance may suffice. Today, there is an arsenal of modalities for assessing the PBT, however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains at the forefront for characterizing cystic morphology and fluid content, internal septations, solid component, enhancement patterns, as well as assessing the surrounding normal structures. This pictorial review aims to review the spectrum of MRI features, which will aid in the differential diagnoses of cystic lesions of the PBT and mimickers, enabling the radiologist to reach a more confident diagnosis.