bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foucault 40 years later – an intimate history
Authors: Barbetta Pietro
Published: August 2023

In the following essay, I am going to account my experience and my struggle in studying and learning Foucault, 40 years after his death and, at the same time, after more than 50 years I started to read his Work.

Now I am absolutely sure that reading Foucault during all these years, as well as other authors – but in a peculiar way with Foucault – was part of my personal analyses, I would call it: the literary part of my personal sessions. Foucault was not just a difficult baroque writer to be understood, he was helping me to emerge from the typical provincial middle-class mentality; which was not just awareness; it was much more. Instead of cognitive awareness, I should call it an upheaval of feelings. Foucault was one of the most scandalous anti-humanists in the humanities, the reading of Foucault permitted me to cross disgust, anger, and fear. He was for me – together with Deleuze, Bateson, Pasolini, Guattari and many others – like Caron, making me see the marvelous panorama of hell: humanity.
On the Bell Experiment and Quantum Foundation
Authors: Helland Inge Svein
Published: August 2023

The Bell experiment is discussed in the light of a new approach to the foundation of quantum mechanics. It is concluded from the basic model that the mind of any observer must be limited in some way: In certain contexts, he is simply not able to keep enough variables in his mind when making decisions. This has consequences for Bell's theorem, but it also seems to have wider consequences.
Harnessing Self-Supervision in Unlabelled Data for Effective World Representation Learning in AI Models
Authors: Morandé Swapnil
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) models rely on large, labelled datasets to learn effective representations of the world. However, labelled data can be scarce, biased, and expensive to obtain. Self-supervised learning offers a promising solution by enabling models to learn from unlabelled data through pre-training tasks that involve predicting masked or distorted portions of the data. This allows the model to learn powerful representations without explicit human labelling. This conceptual research paper examines how self-supervision from unlabelled data can be harnessed to train AI models capable of learning richer, more meaningful representations of the world. A detailed methodology utilizing contrastive self-supervised learning on unlabelled images is proposed. Quantitative results demonstrate the proposed approach enables models to learn superior representations compared to supervised learning, particularly when labelled data is scarce. The research provides critical insights into the future promise of self-supervised learning in developing AI systems that better perceive and understand the complexity of the real world.
Assessment of Physical and Mental Health of Children Living in Orphanages in Islamabad- A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Aziz Farah Aziz , Nasrullah Hafsa Nasrullah , Tayyab Raabia , Mustehsan Zille Huma , Noreen Iffat , Hannan Haris , Fatima Rimsha , Nasir Furqan Nasir , Sherazi Maham , Batool Nida
Published: August 2023

Background: Childhood holds immense significance in shaping the physical, mental, and emotional growth of children. Orphaned children face heightened susceptibility to encountering various physical and mental health challenges, thereby depriving them of the opportunity to experience optimal well-being throughout their childhood and beyond. Pakistan is home to an estimated 4.6 million orphaned children, with the majority being under the age of 17. The objective of the study was to assess the mental and physical health of children living in orphanages of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 110 children aged 7 to 18 years, living in orphanages of Rawalpindi and Islamabad to assess their physical and mental health. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the presence or absence of anxiety was determined by using the “Revised Children Manifest Anxiety Scale” (RCMAS) questionnaire.
Results: 50% of the study population was underweight based on their BMI, while 46.36% had normal weight and 1.82% were overweight or obese. Out of the 33 male participants, 20 were found to be underweight. The results of the RCMAS scoring revealed that 20.9% of the children had anxiety, with a higher prevalence among females as compared to males.
Conclusion: Prevalence of underweight was found to be higher among male orphans. Female orphans were more likely to experience anxiety and depression as compared to males.
Factor drving online impulse buying behavior of consumers in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors:   University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Nguyen Bang Viet , Tran Thi Truc Diep ,   University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
Published: August 2023

The objective of the study is to identify and measure the impact of factors affecting online impulse buying behavior of consumers in Vietnam, specifically those living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study applies the theory of Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) as a foundation to analyze the impulse buying behavior of online customers in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. The research uses quantitative research methods. Data was conducted through a survey of 404 online impulsive customers. Data was encrypted and analyzed using SmartPLS 3.2.7 software. Research results show that: first, the urge to buy impulsively has a significant effect on online impulse buying behavior; second, Browsing Web has positive effects on the urge to buy impulsively; and finally, Browsing Web is primarily predicted by Hedonic value and Utilitarian value. This is the basis for retailers and marketers to increase consumer online impulse buying behavior. However, the study also has certain limitations. As convenience sampling method in Ho Chi Minh City is employed, the sample used is not representative of the research sample. In addition, the study has not considered demographic issues in analyzing impulse buying behavior.
PENGARUH METODE BERNYANYI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AWAL PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TK YAMASSA SURABAYA
Authors: Noviasari Dina
Published: August 2023

The ability to read is an important foundation in opening up opportunities for a child's future, because it is the first step in mastering knowledge and knowledge. Therefore, teaching reading, especially early reading, can be done at the Kindergarten (TK) level. Observations made at the Yamassa Kindergarten in Surabaya showed that group B children were less interested in learning to read and 6 out of 11 children still could not read. To be able to improve children's early reading skills, educators must pay attention to children's competencies and consider methods that children will like so that learning is effective, such as the singing method. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not there was an influence of the singing method to improve early reading skills in children aged 5-6 years at Kindergarten Yamassa Surabaya. This study uses a quasi-experimental research type and uses a non-equivalent control group design which uses a pretest and posttest given to the experimental group and the control group. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. This study used the Mann Whitney U Test and the results showed that there was a significant effect of the singing method on early reading skills in children aged 5-6 years at Kindergarten Yamassa Surabaya.
PENGARUH KAMPANYE CALON KEPALA DESA MELALUI SOSIAL MEDIA TERHADAP ELEKTABILITAS PEMILU DI KOTA TANGERANG
Authors: Rosya Diva Evania , Fauzi Agus M
Published: August 2023

Pemilihan kepala desa tentu didukung oleh kampanye. Kampanye digunakan sebagai bentuk branding diri seorang calon kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat memilih calo tersebut. Bermacam bentuk kampanye ditampilkan oleh calon kepala desa salah satunya kampanye melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tentang bagaimana tingkat elektabilitas pemilihan calon kepala desa dengan adanya kampanye melalui sosial media. Penelotian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik penelotian berupa studi kasus dan menyebar kuesioner serta wawancara kepada masyarakat untuk mengetahui pengaruh politik digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori interaksionisme simbolik oleh George Herbert Mead
HUBUNGAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DENGAN PENYAKIT KECACINGAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yusiana Maria Anita , Kurniajati Sandy , Sriwedari Yusita
Published: August 2023

Kecacingan adalah salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan dari lingkungan dan masih menjadi masalah utama bagi kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, dan hingga saat ini masih didapatkan tingginya angka kecacingan pada usia anak sekolah. Sanitasi lingkungan, kondisi atau keadaan lingkungan yang optimum dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap status kesehatan yang optimum pula. Topik utama yang dibahas  dalam penelitian ini adalah hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan prevalensi penyakit kecacingan yang dialami oleh anak SD. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan literatur review dari 5 jurnal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan penyakit cacing pada anak SD dengan kata kunci sanitasi lingkungan, prevalensi kecacingan, dan hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan penyakit kecacingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keadaan sanitasi lingkungan yang rendah, angka prevalensi kecacingan yang tinggi, dan ada/tidaknya hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan penyakit kecacingan.
Pemantauan Dan Pengendalian Pintu Air Berbasis Komunikasi Radio Full Duplex Dengan Algoritma Decision Tree
Authors: Kurniawan Asep , Hermawan Indra , Agustin Maria
Published: August 2023

Penyediaan, pengelolaan, dan pembagian air pada lahan pertanian menjadi salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi jumlah dan kualitas hasil budidaya sektor pertanian. Diperlukan sebuah teknologi saluran irigasi yang mampu mengaliri seluruh lahan pertanian sesuai dengan kebutuhan air setiap lahan. Sistem irigasi cerdas dapat menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan ini. Teknologi irigasi cerdas yang dikembangkan sebelumnya memiliki berapa keterbatasan seperti lamnya waktu tranmisi data agar bisa sampai ke client, perangkat sensor dilapngan harus bergantian untuk mengirim data dan menerima data sehingga mengakibatkan data tidak terkirim atau tidak terbaca denngan baik, selain itu sistem yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya tergantung terhadap satu faktor yaitu ketinggian air untuk menentukan tingkat keterbukaan pintu air. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sistem komunikasi sensor ke cloud yang cepat menggunakan teknologi websocket. Sistem ini juga dirancang untuk mengrim dan menerima data bersamaan menggunakan teknologi full duplect communication. Serta menggunakan kecerdasan buatan denngan algoritam decision tree untuk mengatur keterbukaan pintu air berdasarkan kebutuhan air untuk sawah, ketinggian air pada saluran irigasi serta kecepatan arus air. Penelitian ini menghasikan sebuah purwarupa sistem irigasi cerdas yang dapat mengirimkan data ke client denngan rata-rata waktu 417ms, sistem juga mampu menangani 500 client yang terhubung langsung ke server. Sistem juga bisa mengirim dan menerima data secara bersamaan denngan selisih waktu ketika data diterima di sensor node atau di central node bisa mencapai 0ms. Purwarupa ini juga berhasil membuat sistem kecerdasan buatan yang akurat, cepat dan realaibale. Kecerdasan buatan tersebut dapat mengatasi 500 request bersamaan dengan waktu eksekusi selama 544ms.
Gamification Design of Computer Network Virtual Laboratory Using SAGD-VL Framework
Authors: Sany Diny Syarifah
Published: August 2023

The Vocational High School curriculum has an orientation to the industrial world that improving the skill of students is needed to achieve curriculum goals. Learning activities in Vocational High Schools (in Indonesia called SMK) are mostly conducting practical activities in the laboratory to support skill improvement. Computer Networking and Telecommunications Engineering (in Indonesia called TJKT) studies network subjects from the basic level. In collecting data at SMKN 1 Cipanas it was found that laboratory facilities were inadequate so there were still many students unable to carry out practicums even though computer network practicum activities were very important activities at TJKT. Making gamification in a computer network virtual laboratory will help students to be able to do practicums anywhere and be able to meet the needs of practicum tools and materials. However, researchers have not found a gamification design in a computer network virtual laboratory that can help developers. From this problem, the researcher proposes a gamification design for a computer network virtual laboratory by using components from the SAGD-VL framework. SAGD-VL framework is a framework for building games in virtual laboratories. Testing is carried out by implementing the proposed design into a virtual computer network laboratory for wiring material then a pre-test and post-test are carried out to test the functionality of the proposed design for increasing ability and testing a questionnaire to test the increase in student motivation. After testing using the pre-test and post-test, it was found that the average increase in student scores was 32,353 with the highest increase being 60. So it can be said that the proposed design of a computer network virtual laboratory gamification using SAGD-VL can help increase students' understanding of practical learning. In addition, this proposed design can produce a virtual laboratory that can motivate students in practical learning.
Distopías de la modernidad. Una aproximación a la función política del relato distópico
Authors: Alvear Atlagich Fernando
Published: August 2023

Este artículo se propone ahondar en la función política del relato distópico, entendido como un tipo de imagen política. Siguiendo la intuición de Gordin, Tilley & Prakash (2010) de que las distopías son utopías que han errado su curso, se plantea que el relato distópico busca construir una imagen política indeseable que permita romper la captura del deseo que ha producido la persecución de una determinada ilusión-utopía. Se propone, como clave de lectura de las narrativas distópicas, que su emergencia y proliferación se produce a partir de las experiencias históricas que dan cuenta del fracaso del ímpetu emancipador de la modernidad y su deriva en sistemas sociales y políticos que perfeccionan la dominación. En particular en los términos de Wallerstein (1995), el proceso mediante el cual la modernidad de la tecnología se impone históricamente a la modernidad de la liberación.
Ariana HARWICZ y Mikaël GÓMEZ GUTHART. Desertar. Buenos Aires: Marea. 2020. 80 pp.
Authors: Mayorga A. Rosa Valentina
Published: August 2023

Desertar, término que desde una perspectiva semántica asociado al abandono, sintetiza de manera perfecta la discusión que proponen los autores, en torno a la reflexión sobre la traducción literaria...
Netebo: aportes del perspectivismo shipibo-konibo a una reflexión filosófica indígena
Authors: Favaron Peyón Pedro
Published: August 2023

El pueblo shipibo-konibo, asentado principalmente a orillas del río Ucayali, es uno de los más numerosos en la Amazonía peruana. Este artículo propone, a partir de la cosmogonía de los antiguos sabios Meraya (médicos visionarios de la nación shipiba), una reflexión filosófica en torno a los posibles aportes ecológicos y éticos del perspectivismo shipibo. El texto plantea que la noción de perspectiva (tal como la entiende el antropólogo brasileño Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2013)) tiene una equivalencia en el concepto shipibo de Nete, que suele traducirse al castellano como mundo. La concepción ancestral de que existen muchos mundos relacionados entre sí, propone al ser humano una exigencia ética y ecológica en la que ninguna perspectiva-ontológica puede imponerse abusivamente sobre otras. Las presentes reflexiones filosóficas se basan en un prolongado trabajo de campo, con rigurosidad etnográfica, y en un sostenido estudio interpretativo de las narraciones orales del pueblo shipibo-konibo.
Procesos inclusivos de estudiantes sordos chilenos y colombianos. Mirada desde los profesionales de apoyo
Authors: Muñoz Vilugrón Karina , Sastre González Carmen , Serrano Galindo Sergio , Enríquez Lozano Carlos , Sánchez Bravo Alejandra
Published: August 2023

Este articulo tiene como objetivo caracterizar los procesos inclusivos de los estudiantes sordos en las aulas chilenas y colombianas desde la mirada de los profesionales de apoyo y estudiantes sordos. Esta es una Investigación de corte cualitativo, exploratorio con diseño fenomenológico. Con 60 participantes; profesores de educación diferencial/especial, fonoaudiólogos educativos, intérpretes, co-educadores/ modelos lingüísticos y estudiantes sordos. La técnica utilizada fue grupos de discusión a cargo de un equipo de investigación chileno-colombiano. Los resultados se organizaron en 3 categorías: Estrategias, Habilidades lingüísticas-comunicativas y Habilidades cognitivas con sus respectivas dimensiones que dan cuenta del proceso de inclusión desde la perspectiva de los profesionales y los estudiantes sordos. Se concluye que ambos países enfatizan en estrategias que apunten al trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario, desarrollo de la lengua de señas en los estudiantes, así como con los profesionales de apoyo y el desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos, para su implementación en las aulas con estudiantes sordos y continuar con el proceso de inclusión de esta minoría cultural y lingüística.
Assessment of Symptoms, Pregnancy Outcome, and Health-Related Quality of Life among PCOS women Treated with Myo inositol and Metformin
Authors: Zainab Abdul Hameed Ibrahim  , Manal Khaled Abdulrida  , Rana Basil Razoqi
Published: August 2023

PCOS is a complicated endocrine disorder that mostly affects between 5% and 10% of women who are of reproductive age. Obesity, hyperandrogenism, and oligo- or anovulation are frequent clinical PCOS signs.
Objective: the study was designed to evaluate the effect of combining Metformin and Myoinositol; the main insulin-sensitizing drugs on improving symptoms and HRQOLQ in PCOS women.
Materials and Methods: A study was a prospective, interventional, comparative clinical study conducted on 54 patients (aged 18-40 y) who are divided into three groups: group1 patients allocated to receive Myo-inositol(4g), group2 patients allocated to receive Metformin(1g) and group3 patients allocated to receive Myo-inositol(4g) + Metformin(1g) all for 3 months. Baseline and after 3 months, patients’ information and health related quality of life were documented.
Result: Metformin and Myoinositol resulted in symptoms improvement within each study groups as (68.8%, 87.5% and 94.1%) for group 1,2 and 3 respectively, only 4 patients from all groups became pregnant. Also, significant change in HRQOLQ in all study groups after three months of treatment were reported.
Conclusion: combining Myoinositol with metformin results in improved PCOS symptoms and pregnancy outcome in addition to improved patient’s quality of life.
Digital Reading among Children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: August 2023

A sample of parents in Saudi Arabia was surveyed to find out the reading technologies that children under the age of 12 use, children’s digital reading habits and interests, parents’ roles in encouraging the children to read digitally, the effects of digital reading on children’s reading ability, and to compare digital reading before, during and after the Pandemic. Survey results showed that all the children in the sample use a smart phone to access apps, games, cartoons, and YouTube videos. About 41% use an iPad or tablet and few use their parents or older siblings’ laptops. None of the children in the sample uses an e-reader such as Kindle. 5% do not like to use an iPad/tablet and prefer to use their parents’ smart phones. Children below the age of 6 use touch screen devices in reading the English and Arabic letters, numeracy and words. They  enjoy reading on touch screens. 36% of the children in grades 1-3 use touch screen devices in learning to read and 64% use them for games and entertainment. Children in grades 4-6 mainly use touch screen devices to play games, soccer, car races and watch movies mostly in English and do not use those devices for reading purposes. Older children feel that educational and language learning and reading apps are boring. During the pandemic, children used technology intensively due to remote teaching and learning, i.e., more than before and after the Pandemic. About half of the parents do not share, nor supervise reading from touch screen devices with their children whether during, before or after the pandemic. Despite the advancements in digital reading, most parents and children in Saudi Arabia still prefer print books and stories. Mobile audiobooks, electronic reading games, storybooks, picture books and glossy magazines, reading lessons with a digital, human-like character, WhatsApp remote reading, online book clubs, and children's digital libraries are not used. Therefore, this study recommends the integration of digital reading in the school curriculum, raising parents and teachers’ awareness of digital reading devices, reading apps and websites and designing mobile reading apps with interactive features to motivate older children to read Arabic fiction and short stories.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДАНИМИ АНАЛІЗУ ПРОСТОРОВОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ МІСЦЕВОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Остапенко С.О.
Published: August 2023

Виявлено актуальну проблему забезпечення випереджувального місцевого розвитку, а саме забезпечення достовірними та повними даними для планування та досягнення місцевого розвитку. У статті проаналізовано особливості структури та отримання даних для планування, програмування, реалізації заходів, моніторингу та оцінки ефективності місцевого розвитку. Виявлено проблеми системи забезпечення територіальних громад базового територіального рівня достовірними та повними даними, які характеризують місцевий розвиток та визначають діяльність органів місцевої влади щодо досягнення розвитку місцевої економіки. У статті розглядаються алгоритми підбору та аналізу супутникових знімків територій територіальних громад як джерела збору достовірних даних їх розвитку, визначена їх система та взаємоузгодженість, описано інструментарій верифікації даних отриманих при обробці супутникового знімку. Визначено інструменти та способи отримання статистичних даних в результаті експедицій та польових досліджень безпосередньо у громаді. Використано досвід планувальних та проєктних організацій отримання даних для аналізу в умовах кризи організації діяльності місцевої статистики, посилення ролі цифровізації у цій сфері та становлення місцевого самоврядування у постсоціалістичний період під впливом результатів реформи АТУ України. Запропоновано підходи забезпечення статистичними даними із забезпечення розвитку території на прикладі Макарівської територіальної громади Київської області, їх просторового впорядкування та представлення у вигляді ГІС. Здійснено аналіз отриманих даних із застосуванням ГІС-інструментів. Розроблено представлення просторово впорядкованих статистичних даних, які відображають стан розвитку територіальної громади у вигляді веб-додатка в середовищі розробленої ГІС. Місцевий розвиток адаптований під потреби системи прийняття управлінських рішень на основі партисипативного підходу. Вказано на недостатній рівень урядової підтримки формування сучасної статистичної бази місцевого розвитку. Показані особливості та проблеми ресурсного забезпечення для подальшого прискореного соціально-економічного розвитку територіальних громад регіону.
FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG RURAL FARMERS IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
Authors: OMINIKARI ABRAHAM. G , OKRINGBO J. I.
Published: August 2023

The study assessed factors influencing sharing of indigenous knowledge among rural farmers in South-South Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 360 farmers. Data collection was through structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The result reveals that sharing between two or more farmers ( = 3.9), parents/guardian/friends ( = 3.8), participation ( = 3.8), observation ( = 3.7), farmer’s groups ( = 3.7), demonstration ( = 3.4), social group gathering ( = 3.4), village groups/age grades ( = 3.4), village meetings ( = 3.4) among others were the major ways farmers share knowledge. The study also revealed that farm income (  = 4.05), access to information (  = 4.01), land tenure system (  = 3.91), literacy level (  = 3.88), awareness of knowledge sharing need (  = 3.83), access to credit (  = 3.79), farming experience (  = 3.72), age (  = 3.46), gender (  = 3.40) and marital status (  = 3.26) were perceived factors that influenced indigenous knowledge sharing. The Ordinary Least Square regression analysis revealed that participation (2.978***), social network (3.096***), infrastructure (2.423**) and farm income (2.105**) significantly influenced the sharing at 1% and 5% significance levels respectively. From the findings, it was concluded that indigenous knowledge sharing was influenced by participation, social network, and infrastructure and farm income. The study recommended State Ministries of Agriculture and extension agencies to assist the rural farmers by organizing demonstrations and coordinating farmer groups which would enable them improve the sharing of their indigenous knowledge
PENGELOLAAN JARINGAN DOKUMENTASI DAN INFORMASI HUKUM DALAM MENUNJANG INFORMASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Wulandari Desia Asrina , Yusuf Muhamad , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: August 2023

The aim of this research is to describe how the management of Law Documentation and Information Networking (JDIH) provide public services at the Commission of Public Election (KPU) of Central Kalimantan Province for supporting community public services in information and law products. This research applies qualitative approach with descriptive method.  The data collection techniques were: 1) interview, 2) observation, and 3) documentation. The results show that the management of JDIH at KPU of Central Kalimantan Province in providing information/ law products has not been optimal yet. Developing quantity and quality of human resources is strongly needed in order to have the jobs finish effectively in accordance with the Standard Operational Procedures (SOP). It can be optimally by adding the quantity of personnel with suitable educational background/ skills and training. Adding appropriate infrastructures, especially networking/ internet system and application system, also special working rooms and library for JDIH will support the existence of law data/ information of KPU for the public. Public as the users of JDIH website will be helped by the existence of JDIH at KPU Central Kalimantan Province for finding law data/ information easily, effectively that is suitable with the aspects of prime public services.
Estimating Demand for Imported Food Categories in Iraq
Authors: Yaseen Abdullah Yaser , Mostafa Mohammed Rezgar
Published: August 2023

Iraq is highly dependent on international markets to provide food for its residents. As imported food prices are highly dependent on crude oil prices in global markets, any shock in oil prices will have an impact on food consumption in the country. As a result, it is essential to study the demand for imported food at every time period. To the best of our knowledge as researchers, as not even a single study is available in the literature, this paper is considered the first to study the demand for imported food groups in Iraq. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to estimate demand elasticities for several imported food categories in Iraq. This study uses an Almost Ideal Demand System model to analyze the demand for imported food in Iraq from 1980-2003 and 2003-2020. Data are collected from secondary resources. The main results show that some food categories become demand inelastic after they were demand elastic in the first period. In contrast, demand for some food groups become more price sensitive in the second period after it was less price sensitive in the first period. There are also changes in some food categories after they became luxuries in the second period. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the changing dynamics of food import demand in Iraq and have policy implications by helping the decision-makers to invest more in the local production of some food groups.

Paper type: Research paper
Ù…Ù‚Ø§ØµØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø´Ù‘Ø±ÙŠØ¹Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠÙ‘Ø© ÙˆØ§Ù„Ø³Ù‘ÙŠØ§Ø³ÙŠÙ‘Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø´Ù‘Ø±Ø¹ÙŠÙ‘Ø©: (Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙÙ‡ÙˆÙ… ÙˆØ§Ù„Ù†Ù‘Ø´Ø£Ø© ÙˆØ§Ù„ØªÙ‘Ø·ÙˆÙ‘Ø± ÙˆØ¨ÙØ¹Ø¯ ÙƒÙ„Ù‘ Ù…Ù†Ù‡Ù…Ø§ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ø¢Ø®Ø±)
Authors: Abdou Samad Doucoure , Abdul Rab Al- Qubaty Muneer Ali
Published: August 2023

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Refractive Outcomes of Intraocular Lenses with Different Haptic Designs Following Phacovitrectomy with Gas Tamponade
Authors: Lee Sooyeon , Lee Jungmin , Lee Sung Jin
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To compare the refractive outcomes of closed C-loop and C-loop intraocular lenses (IOLs) following phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade.Methods: Medical records of 42 patients (43 eyes) who underwent phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade for idiopathic macular holes between January 2021 and June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Closed C-loop (26 eyes; Eyelike K-flex Aspheric®, Koryo Eyetech, Seoul, Korea) and C-loop (17 eyes; Tecnis® ZCB00, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) IOLs were surgically implanted. The main outcome measures were postoperative prediction error and absolute error.Results: There was no significant difference in mean absolute error at 5 months postoperatively (0.34 ± 0.24 diopters [D] and 0.30 ± 0.25 D in the closed C-loop and C-loop IOL groups, respectively; p = 0.502). The mean prediction error at 5 months postoperatively also showed no significant difference between the groups (-0.28 ± 0.30 D and -0.16 ± 0.36 D, respectively; p = 0.242). Myopic shift was observed in both groups.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in refractive outcomes between closed C-loop IOLs and C-loop IOLs. A myopic shift was observed in both groups; this should be taken into consideration when calculating IOL power following phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade.
Efficacy of Injection Interval Shortening in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration with Limited Response to Bimonthly Aflibercept
Authors: Kim Min Chul , Kim Jae Hui
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of shortening the injection interval to < 2 months in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with limited response to bimonthly aflibercept injections.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records for neovascular AMD patients who received aflibercept injections with < 2 month intervals (shortened injection) because of limited response to bimonthly injections. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were compared before and after shortened injections. The incidence of complete resolution of retinal edema was also analyzed.Results: A total of 28 patients were included, with a mean duration between diagnosis and shortened injection of 43.0 ± 20.5 months. The interval of the first shortened injection was 5 weeks in 8 eyes and 6 weeks in 20 eyes. BCVA changed from mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution of 0.37 ± 0.21 to 0.32 ± 0.20 after shortening (p = 0.075). The mean CRT reduced significantly from 389.3 ± 73.7 μm to 242.1 ± 91.9 μm after shortening (p < 0.001). Retinal fluids resolved completely in 11 (39.3%) eyes after a single shortened injection, and in 15 (53.6%) eyes after two or more shortened injections.Conclusions: Shortening the injection interval to < 2 months had good anatomical efficacy in neovascular AMD with limited response to bimonthly aflibercept injections. However, the efficacy for improvement in visual acuity was limited. Further studies are required to investigate the long-term outcomes.
Effect of Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery on the Clinical Outcomes of Advanced Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Han Bosook , Baek Sung Uk
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To identify the clinical outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with advanced glaucoma.Methods: A retrospective chart review of open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent cataract surgery and were followed-up for 1 year was conducted. Advanced glaucoma was defined as a mean deviation (MD) < -12 dB on the preoperative visual field test. A group with mild-to-moderate glaucoma (MD ≥ -12 dB) served as the control group. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and in the postoperative visual acuity (VA) as well as in the visual field indices (MD and the pattern standard deviation), and the number of antiglaucoma medications were compared.Results: Eighty-seven eyes (87 patients) of the advanced group and 109 eyes (109 patients) of the mild-to-moderate group were finally included. From 1 week to 24 months postoperatively, both groups evidenced IOP decreases compared to the preoperative values (both p < 0.05). The IOP spike prevalence was similar in the two groups (11% vs. 13%, p = 0.199). The mean IOP difference between the two groups was not significant at months 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 postoperatively (all p > 0.05). Both groups evidenced VA improvements at 1 year postoperatively and the visual field (VF) indices did not differ from those before surgery. The numbers of antiglaucoma medications used decreased after surgery, but the decrease was significant only in the advanced glaucoma group (p = 0.030).Conclusions: The advanced and mild-to-moderate glaucoma groups evidenced similar IOP and VF changes after cataract surgery. The VA improved and the number of antiglaucoma medications decreased. Our findings suggest that cataract surgery for patients with advanced glaucoma may afford similar clinical outcomes compared to other less severe glaucoma groups.
Machine Learning-based Auto-merge Program for Nine-directional Ocular Photography
Authors: Park Shin Hyeong , Lee Woo Hyuk , Kang Tae Seen , Cho Hyun Kyung , Han Yong Seop , Kim Ji Hye
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study introduces a new machine learning-based auto-merge program (HydraVersion) that automatically combines multiple ocular photographs into single nine-directional ocular photographs. We compared the accuracy and time required to generate ocular photographs between HydraVersion and PowerPoint.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 2,524 sets of 250 nine-directional ocular photographs (134 patients) between March 2016 and June 2022. The test dataset comprised 74 sets of 728 photographs (38 patients). We measured the time taken to generate nine-directional ocular photographs using HydraVersion and PowerPoint, and compared their accuracy.Results: HydraVersion correctly combined 71 (95.95%) of the 74 sets of nine-directional ocular photographs. The average working time for HydraVersion and PowerPoint was 2.40 ± 0.43 and 255.9 ± 26.7 seconds, respectively; HydraVersion was significantly faster than PowerPoint (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Strabismus and neuro-ophthalmology centers are often unable to combine and store photographs, except those of clinically significant cases, because of a lack of time and manpower. This study demonstrated that HydraVersion may facilitate treatment and research because it can quickly and conveniently generate nine-directional ocular photographs.
A Case of Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis with Endotheliitis of the Cornea Following COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Noh Young Ho , Choi Jin A
Published: August 2023

Purpose: We report a patient diagnosed with COVID-19-associated hypertensive anterior uveitis and endotheliitis of the cornea.Case Summary: A 71-year-old male visited our hospital with decreased visual acuity, ocular pain, eyelid swelling of in his right eye, and headache for 8 days. He had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia 10 days before the visit. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.04 in his right eye and 0.15 in his left eye. Severe conjunctival injection, moderate corneal edema with Descemet membrane folding, diffuse keratic precipitates and mild anterior chamber reaction were observed in the right eye, which were not present in the previous examination. Pupils in both eyes were moderately dilated and slow to react in response to direct light. The density of endothelial cells in the right eye was 711 cells/mm2 and an owl’s eye morphology of endothelial cells was observed via specular microscopy. During follow up, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right eye was noted. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination of the aqueous humor for cytomegalovirus was negative. After 2 weeks of applying prednisolone eye drops and anti-glaucoma eye drops, corneal edema decreased, and his vision improved to 0.5. However, the density of the corneal endothelium remained low.Conclusions: Although there have been worldwide case reports of conjunctivitis, keratitis, or uveitis after COVID-19 infection, this study presents the first reported case of COVID-19 associated hypertensive anterior uveitis and endotheliitis of the cornea.
Iris Metastasis of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Confirmed via Aqueous Humor Cytology
Authors: Han Jiyeon , Jang Yoon-Kyung , Han Jong Chul
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To report an iris metastasis associated with non-small-cell lung cancer (NLC) confirmed via repeat aqueous humor cytology.Case summary: A 53-year-old female presented to our ophthalmology outpatient department with complaints of vision impairment and pain in the left eye 1 month in duration. In ophthalmologic examinations, the best-corrected visual acuities were 20/20 oculus dexter (OD) and 20/32 oculus sinister (OS). The intraocular pressures measured using standard Goldmann applanation tonometery were 12 mmHg OD and 42 mmHg OS. Slit-lamp examination revealed multiple iris nodules in the left eye. Thirteen months prior, the patient had been diagnosed with NLC and was on chemotherapy. Despite the maximal tolerated medical therapy, the intraocular pressure was not controlled. As an iris metastasis was suspected, anterior chamber paracentesis was performed for aqueous humor sampling. Cytological analysis did not reveal malignant cells. One week later, aqueous humor sampling was repeated. Malignant cells were histopathologically confirmed. Given the ocular metastasis, the oncologists changed the chemotherapy regimen.Conclusions: When an NLC patient exhibits iris nodules, repeat aqueous humor cytology can confirm an iris metastasis.
Probable Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated with Acute Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Yang Seung Ahn , Kim Su Jin
Published: August 2023

Purpose: We report a case of probable posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a patient with acute fungal sinusitis.Case Summary: An 81-year-old male patient presented with sudden-onset visual loss in his left eye 3 weeks prior to presentation. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.6 in his right eye and light perception in his left eye. Pupillary size was 3 mm in both eyes, and a relative afferent pupillary defect was detected in his left eye. In fundus examination, diabetic retinopathy was found, and cup/disc ratios were increased in both eyes, but disc swelling and hemorrhage were not observed. Fluorescein angiography did not indicate filling delay, defects, or leakage of discs in either eye. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multi-sinusitis in the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal sinuses. No bony defects or erosion were found around the optic canal or orbital apex during endoscopic surgery; however, histological examination revealed aspergillosis. The patient was diagnosed with posterior ischemic optic neuropathy caused by acute fungal sinusitis.Conclusions: When elderly patients with uncontrolled diabetes experience sudden visual disturbances without ocular pain, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy with fungal sinusitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Immediate imaging studies and appropriate treatment should be performed.
Ṣadrüşşerîʻa El-Aṣġar’ın Arûza Dair Manzûmesinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KÖKSOY Mesut
Published: August 2023

Aruz, şiirde açık ve kapalı hecelerin belirli bir ölçüye göre dizilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Arûza dair telif edilen mensur eserler yanında arûz bahirlerinin isimlerini ve usûllerini içeren manzûmeler de kaleme alınmıştır. Bu eserlerden biri de çeşitli ilim dalları yanında Arap diline dair eserler de telif etmiş olan Ṣadrüşşerîʻa el-Aṣġar’ın (öl. 747/1346) nazmettiği 5 beyitlik Arapça manzûmedir. Eser, kütüphane kayıtlarında Risâle fi’l-arûz, Risâle fî uṣûli buḥûri's-sitte aşer, Buḥûru’l-uṣûl, Ebyât fi esmâ’i’l-buḥûr ma‘a şerḥiha ve Ḫamsa abyât fî al-‘arûḍ ma‘a šarḥihâ şeklinde farklı isimlerle kaydedilmiştir. Manzûmenin Türkiye’deki yazma eser kütüphanelerinde bulunan 10 nüshası yanında Bosna Hersek’te 4 nüshası bulunmaktadır. Manzûmenin bazı nüshalarında manzûmedeki arûz dâireleri ve bahirleri açıklayan müellifi meçhul kısa bir şerh yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada manzûme ve kısa şerhinin tahkiki ile çevirisi yapıldıktan sonra manzûmedeki beyitlerin çözümlemesi yapılmıştır. Manzûme, 5 beyitte yer alan 5 arûz dâiresindeki 16 bahrin usûllerini içermektedir. Beyitlerde bahirlerin başlangıç yerlerine bahir isimlerinin kökünden türemiş kelimeler kullanılarak işaret edilmiştir. Benzer manzûmelerde her bahir bir veya iki beyitte olmak üzere toplam 16 veya 32 beyitte verilmişken Ṣadrüşşerîʻa el-Aṣġar’ın manzûmesinde 16 bahir 5 beyitte verilmiştir. Bir beytin birden çok bahrin veznini içerecek şekilde oluşturulması manzûmeyi diğer manzûmelerden ayıran en önemli husustur. Ayrıca diğer manzûmelerde sadece bahirlerin ele alındığı görülürken Ṣadrüşşerîʻa el-Aṣġar’ın manzûmesinde 5 beyitte sırasıyla 5 arûz dâiresi de ele alınmıştır. Manzûmede yer verilen bahirlerin yapısına bakıldığında tef‘îlelerin sayı bakımından tam ve sâlim olduğu görülmektedir.
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Byun Hwa Kyung , Kim Changhwan , Seong Jinsil
Published: August 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has emerged as a promising treatment modality for HCC due to its unique physical and biological properties. CIRT uses carbon ions to target and destroy cancer cells with a high precision and efficacy. The Bragg Peak phenomenon allows precise dose delivery to the tumor while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. In addition, the high relative biological effectiveness of carbon ions can be shown against radioresistant and hypoxic tumor areas. CIRT also offers a shorter treatment schedule than conventional radiotherapy, which increases patient convenience and compliance. The clinical outcomes of CIRT for HCC have shown excellent local control rates with minimal side effects. Considering its physical and biological properties, CIRT may be a viable option for complex clinical scenarios such as patients with poor liver function, large tumors, re-irradiation cases, and tumors close to critical organs. Further research and larger studies are needed to establish definitive indications for CIRT and to compare its efficacy with that of other treatment modalities. Nevertheless, CIRT offers a potential breakthrough in HCC management, providing hope for improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced treatment-related toxicities.
Comparative analysis of mature tomato detection by feature extraction and machine learning for autonomous greenhouse robots
Authors: ILGIN Hakki Alparslan , AYDEMİR Fevzi Anıl , CEDİMOĞLU Berkay , AYDIN Muhammet Nurullah , SİLLELİ Turkey-hasan
Published: August 2023

Accurate detection of tomatoes grown in greenhouses is important for timely harvesting. In this way, it is ensured that mature tomatoes are collected by distinguishing them from the unripe ones. Insufficient light, occlusion, and overlapping adversely affect the detection of mature tomatoes. In addition, it is time consuming for people to detect mature tomatoes at certain periods in large greenhouses. For these reasons, high-performance automatic detection of tomatoes by greenhouse robots has become an increasingly studied area today. In this paper, two feature extraction methods, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and local binary patterns (LBP), which are effective in object recognition, and two important and commonly used classifiers of machine learning, support vector machines (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN), are comparatively used to detect and count tomatoes. The HOG and LBP features are classified separately and together by SVM or kNN, and the success of each case are compared. Performance of the detection is improved by eliminating false positive results at the postprocessing stage using color information.