bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel Inhibitors for Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection in Solanaceae Plants
Authors: Prabahar Archana , Swaminathan Subashini , Loganathan Arul , Jegadeesan Ramalingam
Published: October 2015

Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) infects several crops of economic importance (e.g., tomato) and remains as one of the major concerns to the farmers. TMV enters the host cell and produces the capping enzyme RNA polymerase. The viral genome replicates further to produce multiple mRNAs which encodes several proteins, including the coat protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), as well as the movement protein. TMV replicase domain was chosen for the virtual screening studies against small molecules derived from ligand databases such as PubChem and ChemBank. Catalytic sites of the RdRp domain were identified and subjected to docking analysis with screened ligands derived from virtual screening LigandFit. Small molecules that interact with the target molecule at the catalytic domain region amino acids, GDD, were chosen as the best inhibitors for controlling the TMV replicase activity.
Nanocrystallization of Vanadium Borophosphate Glass for Improving the Electrical and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Choi Su-Yeon , Ryu Bong-Ki
Published: October 2015

75V2O5‐10P2O5‐15B2O3 ternary‐system glasses were prepared and nanocrystallized to examine the catalytic effect and the variations in their structural and electrical properties. These glasses were annealed in a graphite mold above the glass transition temperature for 2 h and heat‐treated at the crystallization temperature for 1, 3, and 5 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the structural changes in the B‐O bonds after nanocrystallization, while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed a decrease in V5+ and an increase in V4+. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the structure array (BO3 + V2O5  ↔ BO4 + 2VO2) verified these inferred changes. Structural changes induced by the heat treatment were confirmed by analyzing the molecular volume determined from the sample density. Conductivity and catalytic effects were discussed based on the migration of vanadate ions with different valence states due to the increase in VO2 nanocrystallinity at 275°C. Both conductance and the catalytic effect were higher after nanocrystallization at 275°C for 1 h compared to the annealed sample. Furthermore, compared to the sample heat‐treated for 1 h, the conductance and catalytic effect were increased and decreased, respectively, for samples nanocrystallized at 275°C for 3 and 5 h.
An Efficient Protocol for Deriving Liver Stem Cells from Neonatal Mice: Validating Its Differentiation Potential
Authors: Dhanasekaran Sugapriya , Sithambaram Devilakshmi , Govarthanan Kavitha , Biswal Bijesh Kumar , Verma Rama S.
Published: October 2015

The success of liver regeneration depends on the availability of suitable cell types and their potential to differentiate into functional hepatocytes. To identify the stem cells which have the ability to differentiate into hepatocytes, we used neonatal liver as source. However, the current protocol for isolating stem cells from liver involves enzymes like collagenase, hyaluronidase exposed for longer duration which limits the success. This results in the keen interest to develop an easy single step enzyme digestion protocol for isolating stem cells from liver for tissue engineering approaches. Thus, the unlimited availability of cell type favors setting up the functional recovery of the damaged liver, ensuring ahead success towards treating liver diseases. We attempted to isolate liver stem derived cells (LDSCs) from mouse neonatal liver using single step minimal exposure to enzyme followed byin vitroculturing. The cells isolated were characterized for stem cell markers and subjected to lineage differentiation. Further, LDSCs were induced to hepatocyte differentiation and validated with hepatocyte markers. Finally, we developed a reproducible, efficient protocol for isolation of LDSCs with functional hepatocytes differentiation potential, which further can be used asin vitromodel system for assessing drug toxicity assays in various preclinical trials.
The Role of TOX in the Development of Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Seehus Corey R. , Kaye Jonathan
Published: October 2015

TOX, an evolutionarily conserved member of the HMG‐box family of proteins, is essential for the development of various cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. TOX is required for the development of CD4+ T lineage cells in the thymus, including natural killer T and T regulatory cells, as well as development of natural killer cells and fetal lymphoid tissue inducer cells, the latter required for lymph node organogenesis. Recently, we have identified a broader role for TOX in the innate immune system, demonstrating that this nuclear protein is required for generation of bone marrow progenitors that have potential to give rise to all innate lymphoid cells. Innate lymphoid cells, classified according to transcription factor expression and cytokine secretion profiles, derive from common lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow and require Notch signals for their development. We discuss here the role of TOX in specifying CLP toward an innate lymphoid cell fate and hypothesize a possible role for TOX in regulating Notch gene targets during innate lymphoid cell development.
Complement Split Products in Amniotic Fluid in Pregnancies Subsequently Developing Early-Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Banadakoppa Manu , Vidaeff Alex C. , Yallampalli Uma , Ramin Susan M. , Belfort Michael A. , Yallampalli Chandra
Published: October 2015

Objective. To determine the second-trimester amniotic fluid concentrations of complement split products in pregnancies subsequently affected by early-onset preeclampsia.Study Design. Cohort of 731 women with singleton pregnancies undergoing second-trimester genetic amniocentesis followed up to delivery and analyzed as a nested case-control study. Cases of preeclampsia developing before 34 weeks’ gestation (n=15) were compared with 47 uncomplicated term controls. Amniotic fluid collected at amniocentesis was tested for complement split products Bb, C4a, C3a, and C5a.Results. Women who developed early-onset preeclampsia as compared with the term pregnant controls had significantly higher (P=0.04) median amniotic fluid C3a levels (318.7 ng/mL versus 254.5 ng/mL). Median amniotic fluid Bb levels were also significantly higher (P=0.03) in preeclamptic women than in normal pregnant women (1127 ng/mL versus 749 ng/mL). Median levels of C4a and C5a were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusion. Our data suggest that complement activation in early pregnancy is associated with early-onset preeclampsia. We believe this to be the first prospective study to link complement activation in amniotic fluid in early pregnancy and later development of preeclampsia. Our findings provide evidence that immune dysregulation may precede the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia and that the alternative complement pathway is principally involved.
Effect of Lipophilic Bismuth Nanoparticles on Erythrocytes
Authors: Hernandez-Delgadillo Rene , Badireddy Appala Raju , Zaragoza-Magaña Valentin , Sánchez-Nájera Rosa Isela , Chellam Shankararaman , Cabral-Romero Claudio
Published: October 2015

Lipophilic bismuth dimercaptopropanol nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) have a very important antimicrobial activity; however their effect on human cells or tissues has not been completely studied. Undesirable effects of bismuth include anemia which could result from suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of bismuth dimercaptopropanol nanoparticles on blood cells. The nanoparticles are composed of 53 nm crystallites on average and have a spherical structure, agglomerating into clusters of small nanoparticles. Based on cell viability assays and optical microscopy, cytotoxicity on erythrocytes was observed after growing with 500 and 1000 µM of BisBAL NPs for 24 h. AM Calcein was retained inside erythrocytes when they were exposed to 100 µM (or lower concentrations) of BisBAL NPs for 24 h, suggesting the absence of damage in plasmatic membrane. Genotoxic assays revealed no damage to genomic DNA of blood cells after 24 h of exposition to BisBAL NPs. Finally, 100–1000 µM of bismuth nanoparticles promotes apoptosis between blood cells after 24 h of incubation. Hence BisBAL NPs at concentrations lower than 100 µM do not cause damage on blood cells; they could potentially be used by humans without affecting erythrocytes and leukocytes.
Recyclable Magnetite Nanoparticle Catalyst for One‐Pot Conversion of Cellobiose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Water
Authors: Bhalkikar Anuja , Gernhart Zane C. , Cheung Chin Li
Published: October 2015

Environmentally benign and easily recoverable magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were demonstrated to catalyze the one‐pot conversion of cellobiose, a glucose disaccharide, to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF). The conversion was achieved in water under hydrothermal conditions. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4 NPs surpassed those of iron (II) and iron (III) chlorides in this reaction. Optimized cellobiose conversion reactions catalyzed with Fe3O4 NPs gave the highest 5‐HMF yields of 23.4 ± 0.6% at 160°C for 24 hours. After three reuses, the Fe3O4 NP catalyst retained its catalytic activity with similar 5‐HMF yields, demonstrating the recyclability of this eco‐friendly catalyst in water.
Protective Effects of Scutellarin on Human Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury and Its Possible Target-Related Proteins
Authors: Shi Meina , Liu Yingting , Feng Lixing , Cui Yingbo , Chen Yajuan , Wang Peng , Wu Wenjuan , Chen Chen , Liu Xuan , Yang Weimin
Published: October 2015

Scutellarin (SCU) is one of the main components of traditional Chinese medicine plantErigeron breviscapus (Vant.)Hand.-Mazz. In this paper, we studied the protective effects of SCU on human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) against hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury and its possible target-related proteins. Results of MTT assay showed that pretreatment of SCU at doses of 1, 5, and 10 μM for 2 h could significantly inhibit the decrease in cell viability of HCMECs induced by HR injury. Subcellular fractions of cells treated with vehicle control, 1 μM SCU, HR injury, or 1 μM SCU + HR injury were separated by ultracentrifugation. The protein expression profiles of cytoplasm and membrane/nuclei fractions were checked using protein two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Proteins differentially expressed between control and SCU-treated group, control and HR group, or HR and SCU + HR group were identified using mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Possible interaction network of these target-related proteins was predicted using bioinformatic analysis. The influence of SCU on the expression levels of these proteins was confirmed using Western blotting assay. The results indicated that proteins such as p27BBP protein (EIF6), heat shock 60 kDa protein 1 (HSPD1), and chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A isoform (CCT6A) might play important roles in the effects of SCU.
Biology of Heme in Mammalian Erythroid Cells and Related Disorders
Authors: Fujiwara Tohru , Harigae Hideo
Published: October 2015

Heme is a prosthetic group comprising ferrous iron (Fe2+) and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential cofactor in various biological processes such as oxygen transport (hemoglobin) and storage (myoglobin) and electron transfer (respiratory cytochromes) in addition to its role as a structural component of hemoproteins. Heme biosynthesis is induced during erythroid differentiation and is coordinated with the expression of genes involved in globin formation and iron acquisition/transport. However, erythroid and nonerythroid cells exhibit distinct differences in the heme biosynthetic pathway regulation. Defects of heme biosynthesis in developing erythroblasts can have profound medical implications, as represented by sideroblastic anemia. This review will focus on the biology of heme in mammalian erythroid cells, including the heme biosynthetic pathway as well as the regulatory role of heme and human disorders that arise from defective heme synthesis.
Ocular Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in the Left Eye with Phthisis Right Eye: A Rare Occurrence in a Child
Authors: Shah Sangeeta , Badhu Badri Prasad , Lavaju Poonam , Pradhan Anju
Published: October 2015

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a benign pseudoneoplastic inflammatory condition with the potential for persistent local growth and recurrence that rarely affects the orbit. We report a very rare case of anterior orbital IMT in a child who presented with gradually progressive mass in left eye for 16 months. Ocular examination showed a cauliflower like exophytic mass at 360 degrees of the perilimbal area covering the entire cornea and obscuring the visualization of anterior and posterior segments. The right eye was phthisical. CT scan showed a lobulated exophytic soft tissue mass in the preseptal region and along the anterior portion of the left globe extending from medial canthus to the lateral canthus. Enucleation of the left eye was performed and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IMT. This report aims to raise awareness about this rare ocular entity and emphasizes its early treatment as delay can result in loss of the eye.
Multivariate Time-VaryingG-HCopula GARCH Model and Its Application in the Financial Market Risk Measurement
Authors: Chen Qi-an , Wang Dan , Pan Mingyong
Published: October 2015

Taking full advantage of the strengths ofG-Hdistribution, Copula function, and GARCH model in depicting the return distribution of financial asset, we construct the multivariate time-varyingG-HCopula GARCH model which can comprehensively describe “asymmetric, leptokurtic, and heavy-tail” characteristics, the time-varying volatility characteristics, and the extreme-tail dependence characteristics of financial asset return. Based on the conditional maximum likelihood estimator and IFM method, we propose the estimation algorithm of model parameters. Using the quantile function and simulation method, we propose the calculation algorithm of VaR on the basis of this model. To apply this model on studying a real financial market risk, we select the SSCI (China), HSI (Hong Kong, China), TAIEX (Taiwan, China), and SP500 (USA) from January 3, 2000, to June 18, 2010, as the samples to estimate the model parameters and to measure the VaRs of various index risk portfolios under different confidence levels empirically. The results of the application example are in line with the actual situation and the risk diversification theory of portfolio. To a certain extent, these results also justify the feasibility and effectiveness of the multivariate time-varyingG-HCopula GARCH model in depicting the return distribution of financial assets.
Hyperacusis Questionnaire as a Tool for Measuring Hypersensitivity to Sound in a Tinnitus Research Population
Authors: Fackrell Kathryn , Fearnley Constance , Hoare Derek J. , Sereda Magdalena
Published: October 2015

Hypersensitivity to external sounds is often comorbid with tinnitus and may be significant for adherence to certain types of tinnitus management. Therefore, a clear measure of sensitivity to sound is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ) for use as a measurement tool using data from a sample of 264 adults who took part in tinnitus research. We evaluated the HQ factor structure, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and floor and ceiling effects. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) and moderate correlations were observed between the HQ, uncomfortable loudness levels, and other health questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original HQ three-factor solution and a one-factor solution were both a poor fit to the data. Four problematic items were removed and exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factor (attentional and social) solution. The original three-factor structure of the HQ was not confirmed. All fourteen items do not accurately assess hypersensitivity to sound in a tinnitus population. We propose a 10-item (2-factor) version of the HQ, which will need to be confirmed using a new tinnitus and perhaps nontinnitus population.
The More Supply Chain Control Power, the Better? A Comparison among Four Kinds of Cooperation Models
Authors: Liu Weihua , Wang Shuqing , Zhu Donglei
Published: October 2015

This paper introduces the parameter of supply chain control power into existing supply chain coordination models and explores the impacts of control power on the profits of manufacturer, retailer, and the overall supply chain under four modes of decision-making, including the decentralized decision-making dominated by manufacturer, the decentralized decision-making dominated by retailer, centralized decision-making, and Nash negotiation decision-making. Some significant conclusions are obtained. Firstly, supply chain control power does have great impact on the supply chain profits. The profit of the whole supply chain with centralized decision-making is higher than those of the other three modes, while the overall profit of supply chain with decentralized decision-making is superior to the profit when retailer and manufacturer dominate the supply chain together. Secondly, with decentralized decision-making, for manufacturer and retailer, it is beneficial to gain the control powers of the supply chain; however, control power has an optimal value, not the bigger, the better. Thirdly, under certain circumstances, order quantity will increase and the wholesale price will decrease when control power is transferred from manufacturer to retailer. In this case, the total profit of supply chain dominated by retailer will be greater than that dominated by manufacturer.
Optical Coherence Tomography as a Tool for Ocular Dynamics Estimation
Authors: Siedlecki Damian , Kowalik Waldemar , Kasprzak Henryk
Published: October 2015

Purpose. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the ocular dynamics of the anterior chamber of the eye can be estimated quantitatively by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods. A commercial high speed, high resolution optical coherence tomographer was used. The sequences of tomographic images of the iridocorneal angle of three subjects were captured and each image from the sequence was processed in MATLAB environment in order to detect and identify the contours of the cornea and iris. The data on pulsatile displacements of the cornea and iris and the changes of the depth of the gap between them were retrieved from the sequences. Finally, the spectral analysis of the changes of these parameters was performed.Results. The results of the temporal and spectral analysis manifest the ocular microfluctuation that might be associated with breathing (manifested by 0.25 Hz peak in the power spectra), heart rate (1–1.5 Hz peak), and ocular hemodynamics (3.75–4.5 Hz peak).Conclusions. This paper shows that the optical coherence tomography can be used as a tool for noninvasive estimation of the ocular dynamics of the anterior segment of the eye, but its usability in diagnostics of the ocular hemodynamics needs further investigations.
Multiple Positive Solutions for the Dirichlet Boundary Value Problems by Phase Plane Analysis
Authors: Kirichuka A. , Sadyrbaev F.
Published: October 2015

We consider boundary value problems for scalar differential equationx′′+λfx=0,x(0)=0,x(1)=0, wheref(x)is a seventh-degree polynomial andλis a parameter. We use the phase plane method combined with evaluations of time-map functions and make conclusions on the number of positive solutions. Bifurcation diagrams are constructed and examples are considered illustrating the bifurcation processes.
Study of Surface Roughness of Machined Polymer Composite Material
Authors: Hutyrová Zuzana , Zajac Jozef , Michalik Peter , Mitaľ Dušan , Duplák Ján , Gajdoš Stanislav
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of selected cutting parameters (speed of rotation and feed rate) on the surface topography of drilled WPC material. Objective of the study is to establish dependence of the surface roughness of borehole walls (parameterRz—average maximum height) on the speed of rotation and feed rate of a drill bit. Technological parameters of experimental drilling were feed rate of 100–300 mm·min−1and speed of rotation of 2000–6000 rpm.
Wetting and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2Nanotube Arrays Prepared via Anodic Oxidation of E-Beam Evaporated Ti Thin Films
Authors: Kim Soon Wook , Kim Hong Ki , Yun Jong Won , Kim Eui Jung , Hahn Sung Hong
Published: October 2015

TiO2nanotube arrays (TNAs) are fabricated on quartz substrate by anodizing E-beam evaporated Ti films. E-beam evaporated Ti films are directly anodized at various anodizing voltages ranging from 20 to 45 V and their morphological, wetting, and photocatalytic properties are examined. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared TNAs is evaluated by the photodecomposition of methylene blue under UV illumination. The TNAs prepared at an anodizing voltage of 30 V have a high roughness of 30.1 nm and a low water contact angle of 7.5°, resulting in a high photocatalytic performance. The surface roughness of the TNAs is found to correlate inversely with the water contact angle. High roughness (i.e., high surface area), which leads to high hydrophilicity, is desirable for effective photocatalytic activity.
Investigation on Molecular Mechanism of Fibroblast Regulation and the Treatment of Recurrent Oral Ulcer by Shuizhongcao Granule-Containing Serum
Authors: Bo Zhang , Xiang Qian , Shan-ming Ruan , Wang Bei , De-hou Deng , Liang Xia , Qing-lin Li , Feng Tao , Min-he Shen
Published: October 2015

The purpose is to study the intervention, proliferation, and differentiation on fibroblast by Shuizhongcao Granule during the treatment of ROU and investigate the action mechanism in inflammatory microenvironment. Proliferation of rat fibroblasts was detected using CCK8. Western blot was used to detect the effect of drug-containing serum on the expression of protein associated with NF-κB and ERK pathway in rat fibroblasts. Expression of IL-10 and IL-12 was detected by PCR. Shuizhongcao Granule group successfully inhibited proliferation of rat fibroblast. Western blot results revealed that p65 and IKKB were significantly less expressed in Chinese medicine group, while pIκBαand pIKKαβexpression were significantly increased. We have also found that in this group the expression of pAKT was evidently suppressed and expression of pERK significantly decreased. PCR results showed significantly decreased expression levels of IL-10 and 1IL-12b in Chinese medicine group, while the expression of IL-12a was increased. Our results suggest that Shuizhongcao Granule can suppress the proliferation of fibroblast and inhibit the activation of NF-κB and thus suppress inflammatory reactions, possibly involving the inhibited expression of phosphorylated AKT, rather than the canonical pathway. Furthermore, it can inhibit ERK pathway and reduce IL-10 and IL-12b gene expression while enhancing IL-12a expression.
Finite-Time Boundedness of Markov Jump System with Piecewise-Constant Transition Probabilities via Dynamic Output Feedback Control
Authors: Yan Bin , Zhou Xiaojia , Cheng Jun , Lang Fangnian
Published: October 2015

This paper first investigates the problem of finite-time boundedness of Markovian jump system with piecewise-constant transition probabilities via dynamic output feedback control, which leads to both stochastic jumps and deterministic switches. Based on stochastic Lyapunov functional, the concept of finite-time boundedness, average dwell time, and the coupling relationship among time delays, several sufficient conditions are established for finite-time boundedness andH∞filtering finite-time boundedness. The system trajectory stays within a prescribed bound. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Acute Systolic Heart Failure Associated with Complement-Mediated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Vaughn John L. , Moore Jared M. , Cataland Spero R.
Published: October 2015

Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (otherwise known as atypical HUS) is a rare disorder of uncontrolled complement activation that may be associated with heart failure. We report the case of a 49-year-old female with no history of heart disease who presented with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Given her normal ADAMSTS13 activity, evidence of increased complement activation, and renal biopsy showing evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy, she was diagnosed with complement-mediated HUS. She subsequently developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary edema requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed evidence of a Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with an estimated left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%, though ischemic cardiomyopathy could not be ruled out. Treatment was initiated with eculizumab. After several failed attempts at extubation, she eventually underwent tracheotomy. She also required hemodialysis to improve her uremia and hypervolemia. After seven weeks of hospitalization and five doses of eculizumab, her renal function and respiratory status improved, and she was discharged in stable condition on room air and independent of hemodialysis. Our case illustrates a rare association between acute systolic heart failure and complement-mediated HUS and highlights the potential of eculizumab in stabilizing even the most critically-ill patients with complement-mediated disease.
Nanoscale Ferroelectric Switchable Polarization and Leakage Current Behavior in (Ba0.50Sr0.50)(Ti0.80Sn0.20)O3 Thin Films Prepared Using Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: Puli Venkata Sreenivas , Adireddy Shiva , Pradhan Dhiren K. , Katiyar Ram S. , Chrisey Douglas B.
Published: October 2015

Nanoscale switchable ferroelectric (Ba0.50Sr0.50)(Ti0.80Sn0.20)O3‐BSTS polycrystalline thin films with a perovskite structure were prepared on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrate by chemical solution deposition. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicate that a cubic perovskite crystalline structure and Raman spectra revealed that a tetragonal perovskite crystalline structure is present in the thin films. Sr2+ and Sn4+ cosubstituted film exhibited the lowest leakage current density. Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) technique has been employed to acquire out‐of‐plane (OPP) piezoresponse images and local piezoelectric hysteresis loop in polycrystalline BSTS films. PFM phase and amplitude images reveal nanoscale ferroelectric switching behavior at room temperature. Square patterns with dark and bright contrasts were written by local poling and reversible nature of the piezoresponse behavior was established. Local piezoelectric butterfly amplitude and phase hysteresis loops display ferroelectric nature at nanoscale level. The significance of this paper is to present ferroelectric/piezoelectric nature in present BSTS films at nanoscale level and corroborating ferroelectric behavior by utilizing Raman spectroscopy. Thus, further optimizing physical and electrical properties, BSTS films might be useful for practical applications which include nonvolatile ferroelectric memories, data‐storage media, piezoelectric actuators, and electric energy storage capacitors.
The Mean Stability Criteria in terms of Two Measures for Stochastic Differential Equations with Coefficient’s Uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Rui , Guo Yinjing , Wang Xiangrong , Zhang Xueqing
Published: October 2015

This paper extends the stochastic stability criteria of two measures to the mean stability and proves the stability criteria for a kind of stochastic Itô’s systems. Moreover, by applying optimal control approaches, the mean stability criteria in terms of two measures are also obtained for the stochastic systems with coefficient’s uncertainty.
A Cross-Sectional Study Demonstrating Increased Serum Amyloid A Related Inflammation in High-Density Lipoproteins from Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and How This Association Was Augmented by Poor Glycaemic Control
Authors: McEneny Jane , Daniels Jane-Ann , McGowan Anne , Gunness Anjuli , Moore Kevin , Stevenson Michael , Young Ian S. , Gibney James
Published: October 2015

Inflammatory atherosclerosis is increased in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Normally high-density lipoproteins (HDL) protect against atherosclerosis; however, in the presence of serum amyloid-A- (SAA-) related inflammation this property may be reduced. Fasting blood was obtained from fifty subjects with T1DM, together with fifty age, gender and BMI matched control subjects. HDL was subfractionated into HDL2and HDL3by rapid ultracentrifugation. Serum-hsCRP and serum-, HDL2-, and HDL3-SAA were measured by ELISAs. Compared to control subjects, SAA was increased in T1DM subjects, nonsignificantly in serum(P=0.088), and significantly in HDL2(P=0.003)and HDL3(P=0.005). When the T1DM group were separated according to mean HbA1c (8.34%), serum-SAA and HDL3-SAA levels were higher in the T1DM subjects with HbA1c ≥ 8.34%, compared to when HbA1c was <8.34%(P<0.05). Furthermore, regression analysis illustrated, that for every 1%-unit increase in HbA1c, SAA increased by 20% and 23% in HDL2and HDL3, respectively, independent of BMI. HsCRP did not differ between groups(P>0.05). This cross-sectional study demonstrated increased SAA-related inflammation in subjects with T1DM that was augmented by poor glycaemic control. We suggest that SAA is a useful inflammatory biomarker in T1DM, which may contribute to their increased atherosclerosis risk.
Corrosion Control of Alloy 690 by Shot Peening and Electropolishing under Simulated Primary Water Condition of PWRs
Authors: Kim Kyung Mo , Shim Hee-Sang , Seo Myung Ji , Hur Do Haeng
Published: October 2015

This work clarifies the effect of surface modifications on the corrosion rate of Alloy 690, a nickel-based alloy for steam generator tubes, under the simulated test conditions of the primary water chemistry in nuclear power plants. The surface stress was modified by the shot peening and electropolishing methods. The shot peening treatment was applied using ceramic beads with different intensities by varying the air pressure and projection angle. The corrosion rate was evaluated by gravimetric analysis and the surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion rate of Alloy 690 was evaluated from the influence of the stress state on the metal surface. Based on the observation of the surface after the corrosion test, the oxide composition and its structure were affected by the surface modifications. The corrosion behavior of Alloy 690 was distinguished by the shot peening intensity on the surface, and additional electropolishing was effective at reducing the dissolution of nickel ions from the metal surface.
Nonlinear Inverse Problem for an Ion-Exchange Filter Model: Numerical Recovery of Parameters
Authors: Mukanova Balgaisha , Glazyrina Natalya
Published: October 2015

This paper considers the problem of identifying unknown parameters for a mathematical model of an ion-exchange filter via measurement at the outlet of the filter. The proposed mathematical model consists of a material balance equation, an equation describing the kinetics of ion-exchange for the nonequilibrium case, and an equation for the ion-exchange isotherm. The material balance equation includes a nonlinear term that depends on the kinetics of ion-exchange and several parameters. First, a numerical solution of the direct problem, the calculation of the impurities concentration at the outlet of the filter, is provided. Then, the inverse problem, finding the parameters of the ion-exchange process in nonequilibrium conditions, is formulated. A method for determining the approximate values of these parameters from the impurities concentration measured at the outlet of the filter is proposed.
Tetracycline Loaded Collagen/Hydroxyapatite Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Rusu Laura Cristina , Nedelcu Ioan Avram , Georgiana Albu Mădălina , Sonmez Maria , Voicu Georgeta , Radulescu Marius , Ficai Denisa , Ficai Anton , Negrutiu Meda-Lavinia , Sinescu Cosmin
Published: October 2015

The paper describes the preparation, characterisation, and testing of tetracycline loaded collagen‐carboxymethylcellulose/hydroxyapatite ternary composite materials. The synthesis of this drug delivery system consists in two steps: the first step is the mineralization of collagen‐carboxymethylcellulose gel while the second step corresponds to the loading of the ternary composite material with tetracycline. The obtained DDS is characterised by physicochemical, morphological, and release behaviour by using FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV‐VIS spectroscopy. Based on the release study, it can be assumed that tetracycline is released in a prolonged way, assuring at least 6 days of antiseptic properties.
Ferromagnetic Property of Co and Ni Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Xiaoming , Wei Xuegang , Dai Jianfeng , Li Weixue
Published: October 2015

The Co and Ni doped diluted magnetic semiconductor nanoparticle TiO2 is prepared by sol‐gel method. Ti0.97Co0.03O2, Ti0.97Ni0.03O2, Ti0.97Co0.06O2, and Ti0.97Ni0.06O2 samples were characterized by X‐ray scattering techniques and high resolution transmission electron microscope. The results show that there are no other phases existing in TiO2. As to the sample of high‐concentration dopant, the X‐ray scattering techniques have explored the existing of CoTiO3 and NiTiO3. The ferromagnetic measurement shows that the magnetization of the sample of high‐concentration dopant increases in the same external magnetic field. However, the relatively higher dopant Co and Ni may form more interstitial ions and paramagnet matters, reducing the oxygen vacancy concentration and finally leading to the decrease of remanent magnetization and coercivity of the materials.
Fabrication of UO2Porous Pellets on a Scale of 30 kg-U/Batch at the PRIDE Facility
Authors: Jeon Sang-Chae , Lee Jae-Won , Lee Ju-Ho , Kang Sang-Jun , Lee Kwang-Yun , Cho Yung-Zun , Ahn Do-Hee , Song Kee-Chan
Published: October 2015

In the pyroprocess integrated inactive demonstration (PRIDE) facility at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), UO2porous pellets were fabricated as a feed material for electrolytic reduction on an engineering scale of 30 kg-U/batch. To increase the batch size, we designed and modified the corresponding equipment for unit processes based on ceramic processing. In the course of pellet fabrication, the correlation between the green density and sintered density was investigated within a compaction pressure range of 106–206 MPa, in terms of the optimization of processing parameters. Analysis of the microstructures of the produced UO2porous pellets suggested that the pellets were suitable for feed material in the subsequent electrolytic reduction process in pyroprocessing. This research puts forth modifications to the process and equipment to allow the safe mass production of UO2porous pellets; we believe these results will have immense practical interest.
A Speed Control Method for Underwater Vehicle under Hydraulic Flexible Traction
Authors: Zhao Yin , Xia Ying-kai , Chen Ying , Xu Guo-Hua
Published: October 2015

Underwater vehicle speed control methodology method is the focus of research in this study. Driven by a hydraulic flexible traction system, the underwater vehicle advances steadily on underwater guide rails, simulating an underwater environment for the carried device. Considering the influence of steel rope viscoelasticity and the control system traction structure feature, a mathematical model of the underwater vehicle driven by hydraulic flexible traction system is established. A speed control strategy is then proposed based on the sliding mode variable structure of fuzzy reaching law, according to nonlinearity and external variable load of the vehicle speed control system. Sliding mode variable structure control theory for the nonlinear system allows an improved control effect for movements in “sliding mode” when compared with conventional control. The fuzzy control theory is also introduced, weakening output chattering caused by the sliding mode control switchover while producing high output stability. Matlab mathematical simulation and practical test verification indicate the speed control method as effective in obtaining accurate control results, thus inferring strong practical significance for engineering applications.
New Method of Image Background Suppression Based on Soft Morphology and Retinex Theory
Authors: Zhang Lili , Fan Tanghuai , Wang Xin , Kong Cheng , Yan Xijun
Published: October 2015

A new river flow measurement method based on graphic process has been proposed recently, which gets the velocity in optical imaging modality through measuring the continuous displacement of floating debris, then reconstructs a two-dimensional river surface velocity field by using the velocity of floating debris, and computes the section flow at last. However, the surface optical images have not only lights of target information, but also surface optical noise. It is difficult for reliable and stable continuous displacement detection of complex small observation target, which occupies only a small number of pixels comparing to a large field imaging area and has complex optical reflection properties. To solve this problem, this paper presents a background suppression method based on soft morphology and Retinex theory. Soft morphology is firstly used for the opening operation of the image, and then Retinex theory is used for optimal estimation of image incident component to suppress background of image. Finally, the simulations show that our method is superior to gray morphology and soft morphology on the performance of targets enhancement, noise filtering, and background suppression, and it has better background and targets discrimination quality subjective evaluation and higher signal-to-clutter ratio.
A Novel Short-Time Fourier Transform-Based Fall Detection Algorithm Using 3-Axis Accelerations
Authors: Shin Isu , Son Jongsang , Ahn Soonjae , Ryu Jeseong , Park Sunwoo , Kim Jongman , Cha Baekdong , Choi Eunkyoung , Kim Youngho
Published: October 2015

The short-time Fourier transform- (STFT-) based algorithm was suggested to distinguish falls from various activities of daily living (ADLs). Forty male subjects volunteered in the experiments including three types of falls and four types of ADLs. An inertia sensor unit attached to the middle of two anterior superior iliac spines was used to measure the 3-axis accelerations at 100 Hz. The measured accelerations were transformed to signal vector magnitude values to be analyzed using STFT. The powers of low frequency components were extracted, and the fall detection was defined as whether the normalized power was less than the threshold (50% of the normal power). Most power was observed at the frequency band lower than 5 Hz in all activities, but the dramatic changes in the power were found only in falls. The specificity of 1–3 Hz frequency components was the best (100%), but the sensitivity was much smaller compared with 4 Hz component. The 4 Hz component showed the best fall detection with 96.9% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity. We believe that the suggested algorithm based on STFT would be useful in the fall detection and the classification from ADLs as well.
Seismic Response and Evaluation of SDOF Self-Centering Friction Damping Braces Subjected to Several Earthquake Ground Motions
Authors: Hu Jong Wan , Noh Myung-Hyun
Published: October 2015

This paper mainly deals with seismic response and performance for self-centering friction damping braces (SFDBs) subjected to several maximum- or design-leveled earthquake ground motions. The self-centering friction damping brace members consist of core recentering components fabricated with superelastic shape memory alloy wires and energy dissipation devices achieved through shear friction mechanism. As compared to the conventional brace members for use in the steel concentrically braced frame structure, these self-centering friction damping brace members make the best use of their representative characteristics to minimize residual deformations and to withstand earthquake loads without member replacement. The configuration and response mechanism of self-centering friction damping brace systems are firstly described in this study, and then parametric investigations are conducted through nonlinear time-history analyses performed on numerical single degree-of-freedom spring models. After observing analysis results, adequate design methodologies that optimally account for recentering capability and energy dissipation according to their comparative parameters are intended to be suggested in order to take advantage of energy capacity and to minimize residual deformation simultaneously.
Femtosecond Laser Assisted Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Outcomes and Healing Patterns Compared to Manual Technique
Authors: Alio Jorge L. , Abdelghany Ahmed A. , Barraquer Rafael , Hammouda Laila M. , Sabry Ahmed M.
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the study is to report the visual, refractive, and wound healing pattern outcomes of femtosecond assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) compared to the conventional manual technique. DALK was performed on 50 eyes of 47 advanced keratoconus patients. The patients were divided into two groups, 25 eyes each, depending on whether femtosecond assisted or manual DALK technique was performed for the side cut of the procedure only. Patients were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year for visual acuity, clinical refraction, corneal cylinder, date of suture removal, and side cut corneal healing pattern according to new grading classification of the side cut scar (Grade 0 = transparent scar, 1 = faint healing opacity, 2 = evident healing opacity, 3 = significant opacity with some cosmetic imbalance, and 4 = highly significant opacity with very significant cosmetic imbalance). Outcomes are reported at one year. In conclusion, femtosecond assisted and manual DALK show comparable visual and refractive outcomes but femtosecond assisted DALK shows more evident corneal wound healing patterns at the side cut. This observation may indicate that an activated cornea wound healing might allow earlier suture removal when femtosecond technology is used to perform the side cut for DALK.
Core Muscle Activity, Exercise Preference, and Perceived Exertion during Core Exercise with Elastic Resistance versus Machine
Authors: Vinstrup Jonas , Sundstrup Emil , Brandt Mikkel , Jakobsen Markus D. , Calatayud Joaquin , Andersen Lars L.
Published: October 2015

Objectives. To investigate core muscle activity, exercise preferences, and perceived exertion during two selected core exercises performed with elastic resistance versus a conventional training machine.Methods. 17 untrained men aged 26–67 years participated in surface electromyography (EMG) measurements of five core muscles during torso-twists performed from left to right with elastic resistance and in the machine, respectively. The order of the exercises was randomized and each exercise consisted of 3 repetitions performed at a 10 RM load. EMG amplitude was normalized (nEMG) to maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC).Results. A higher right erector spinae activity in the elastic exercise compared with the machine exercise (50% [95% CI 36–64] versus 32% [95% CI 18–46] nEMG) was found. By contrast, the machine exercise, compared with the elastic exercise, showed higher left external oblique activity (77% [95% CI 64–90] versus 54% [95% CI 40–67] nEMG). For the rectus abdominis, right external oblique, and left erector spinae muscles there were no significant differences. Furthermore, 76% preferred the torso-twist with elastic resistance over the machine exercise. Perceived exertion (Borg CR10) was not significantly different between machine (5.8 [95% CI 4.88–6.72]) and elastic exercise (5.7 [95% CI 4.81–6.59]).Conclusion. Torso-twists using elastic resistance showed higher activity of the erector spinae, whereas torso-twist in the machine resulted in higher activity of the external oblique. For the remaining core muscles the two training modalities induced similar muscular activation. In spite of similar perceived exertion the majority of the participants preferred the exercise using elastic resistance.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Proliferation, Survival, and Migration in A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway through a Transcription-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Quintero Barceinas Reyna Sara , García-Regalado Alejandro , Aréchaga-Ocampo Elena , Villegas-Sepúlveda Nicolás , González-De la Rosa Claudia Haydée
Published: October 2015

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been used as an antineoplastic because of its ability to promote proliferation, inhibition, and differentiation, primarily in leukemia; however, in other types of cancer, such as lung cancer, treatment with ATRA is restricted because not all the patients experience the same results. The ERK signaling pathway is dysregulated in cancer cells, including lung cancer, and this dysregulation promotes proliferation and cell invasion. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with ATRA can activate the ERK signaling pathway by a transcription-independent mechanism through a signaling cascade that involves RARαand PI3K, promoting growth, survival, and migration in lung cancer cells. Until now, this mechanism was unknown in lung cancer cells. The inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway restores the beneficial effects of ATRA, reduces proliferation, increases apoptosis, and blocks the cell migration process in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of ATRA with ERK inhibitor in clinical trials for lung cancer is warranted.
A Two-Phase Heuristic Algorithm for the Common Frequency Routing Problem with Vehicle Type Choice in the Milk Run
Authors: Lin Yu , Xu Tianyi , Bian Zheyong
Published: October 2015

High frequency and small lot size are characteristics of milk runs and are often used to implement the just-in-time (JIT) strategy in logistical systems. The common frequency problem, which simultaneously involves planning of the route and frequency, has been extensively researched in milk run systems. In addition, vehicle type choice in the milk run system also has a significant influence on the operating cost. Therefore, in this paper, we simultaneously consider vehicle routing planning, frequency planning, and vehicle type choice in order to optimize the sum of the cost of transportation, inventory, and dispatch. To this end, we develop a mathematical model to describe the common frequency problem with vehicle type choice. Since the problem is NP hard, we develop a two-phase heuristic algorithm to solve the model. More specifically, an initial satisfactory solution is first generated through a greedy heuristic algorithm to maximize the ratio of the superior arc frequency to the inferior arc frequency. Following this, a tabu search (TS) with limited search scope is used to improve the initial satisfactory solution. Numerical examples with different sizes establish the efficacy of our model and our proposed algorithm.