bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Rupture of Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Yamazoe Sadaaki , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Ohira Go , Nishio Kohei , Miura Kotaro , Shibutani Masatsune , Sakurai Katsunobu , Nagahara Hisashi , Toyokawa Takahiro , Kubo Naoshi , Tanaka Hiroaki , Muguruma Kazuya , Ohtani Hiroshi , Yashiro Masakazu , Maeda Kiyoshi , Ohira Masasichi , Hirakawa Kosei
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare neoplasm. Furthermore, tumor rupture is extremely rare. Only 1 case of ruptured pancreatic ACC has been reported, and the long-term outcome of the case is unknown. Here, we present a case of spontaneously ruptured ACC with long-term survival after successful resection.

Case Presentation

A 67-year-old man was brought to our hospital by ambulance, presenting with progressive left abdominal pain. Laboratory data showed an increased inflammatory response, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a mass in the pancreas tail with nonuniform enhancement in the early phase. Fluid collection was detected around the spleen to the left kidney. Spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic tumor was strongly suspected. After improvement of his general condition, the patient underwent resection of the pancreas and adjacent organs. The resected tumor was surrounded by organs and adipose tissue, so obvious exposure was not observed in the surgical margins. Pathologically, neither exposure of tumor cells at the surgical margins nor lymph node involvement was detected. The patient has survived 80 months since initial diagnosis without any evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion

Although ruptured pancreatic ACC has the potential for dissemination, surgical resection including adjacent organs remains an option for curative treatment.
Is Inflammation Status in Postbariatric Patients Predictive for Their Response to Vitamin B12 Supplementation Therapy?
Authors: Pouwels Sjaak , Smelt Hendrika J.M. , Smulders Johannes F.
Published: October 2021

Background

Several studies indicate that there is a relationship between vitamin B12 levels and inflammatory status. Some studies showed a significantly correlation between vitamin B12 status and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of inflammatory status on the effect of different vitamin B12 supplementation regimes.

Methods

We selected patients with a vitamin B12 deficiency based on methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels. A moderate vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as an MMA blood level between ≥300 and 430 nmol/L. In included patients, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, serum vitamin B12, and MMA levels were measured at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up.

Results

A total of 63 patients were included, treated with 3, 6, or no intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. In the 6 intramuscular injections group, the presupplementation CRP levels significantly predicted the response in terms of vitamin B12 increase (P = 0.015). Also, there was a significant reduction in CRP levels (P = 0.03) after 6 injections. There was a significant correlation between presupplementation MMA and presupplementation CRP (r = 0.127, P = 0.049).

Conclusion

This study showed that presupplementation CRP levels significantly predicted the response on 6 intramuscular vitamin B12 injections in patients after bariatric surgery. Second, the 6 intramuscular injection regimen showed a significant reduction in CRP levels. Third, there was a significant correlation between MMA and presupplementation CRP. This might indicate that there is interplay between the vitamin B12 supplementation and inflammatory levels in patients after bariatric surgery.
Thrombosis of Coronary Arteries in a Patient With Polycythemia Vera During the Myocardial Revascularization: A Case Report
Authors: Dulić Grgur , Požgain Zrinka , Selthofer Robert , Bogović Siniša , Rimac Marko , Kovačić Borna , Danilović Milijana
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient suffering from polycythemia vera is clinically rare and extremely challenging. There is no established protocol regarding the management of these patients because the number of patients in this circumstance is very small. Expressed thrombotic risk in patients suffering from polycythemia vera is highly emphasized in patients with coronary artery disease. Only a few cases have been reported of performing coronary artery bypass grafting, and in those cases a successful outcome seems to be an exception.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 73-year-old male caucasian patient suffering from frequent daily chest pain and unstable angina with a 75% stenosis of the left main coronary artery and a subocclusion of proximal right coronary artery undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, where despite following all the management algorithms and hematologic and cardiologic guidelines properly during the preoperative workup, the patient had a complex postoperative recovery with thrombosis of native coronary vessels—the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery.

Conclusion

Further investigation is needed regarding the effect of deciding between strategies in the domain of cardiac surgery as well as in the hematologic domain on the final outcome. It would be absolutely necessary to conduct a global trial to investigate the preferred cardiosurgical procedure (OPCAB or on-pump CABG).
An Octogenarian Case of Sequential Laparoscopic Surgery for Synchronous Isolated Splenic Metastasis From Cancer of the Cecum
Authors: Yokokawa Hideyuki , Imaizumi Rie , Ito Yoshitomo , Kono Teppei , Koike Taro , Miyano Yutaka , Oyama Kunihiro , Shiozawa Shunichi , Yoshimatsu Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Because splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer is usually a result of metastasis from widely disseminated disease, cases with resectable isolated splenic metastasis are uncommon.

Case presentation

We report here a case of synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from cecal cancer that was treated with sequential laparoscopic splenectomy after short-term observation following laparoscopic ileocecal resection. Both postoperative courses were uneventful, allowing the patient to be discharged early. Two years have passed, without recurrence, since the second operation.

Conclusions

There are very few case reports on synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Sequential laparoscopic resection might contribute to obtaining an uneventful postoperative course, especially in elderly patients such as ours.
Surgical Advantage of Ultrasonically Activated Devices During Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Breast Cancer
Authors: Kutomi Goro , Shima Hiroaki , Maeda Hideki , Satomi Fukino , Wada Asaka , Sato Kiminori , Mizuguchi Toru , Takemasa Ichiro
Published: October 2021

Purposes

Axillary dissection is the gold standard for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. We compared surgical outcomes between ultrasonically activated devices (USADs) and thermal scalpel (TS) during axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis for 73 patients using TS between June 2012 to May 2016 and 63 patients using USADs between June 2016 to January 2019 in the breast cancer patients who received axillary dissection. Surgical outcomes were compared among the groups statistically.

Results

Median operative time in the USAD group was significantly shorter than in the TS group (136 versus 182 minutes, P < 0.001). Intraoperative blood loss in the USAD group was also significantly lower than in the TS group (35 versus 120 mL, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the total drainage discharge in the USAD group was also significantly lower than in the TS group (570 versus 700 mL, P = 0.016). The lymphedema frequency in the USAD group was significantly less than in the TS groups (1 of 63 versus 7 of 73, P = 0.0296).

Conclusion

The USADs could improve surgical outcomes, such as lymphedema, for axillary dissection of the breast cancer surgery compared with TS.
ENTRE DORES: JUDITH E FLORBELA
Authors: Dos Santos Barros Eliana Luiza
Published: October 2021

Em Portugal, século XX, Judith Teixeira e Florbela Espanca foram contemporâneas e ambas tentaram romper com as amarras impostas pela sociedade daquela época, ressignificando o lugar da mulher e apresentando um saber sobre a dor. Ao debruçar sobre a escrita das poetisas percebe-se que o sofrimento atravessa suas produções poéticas, guardando as devidas diferenças. Neste trabalho pretende-se tecer algumas considerações em torno da dor, buscando uma articulação da psicanálise com a literatura a partir de fragmentos da vida e obra das escritoras.Palavras-chave: Judith Teixeira. Florbela Espanca. Dor. Psicanálise. Literatura.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE A MELANCOLIA: BREVE PERCURSO DA PSIQUIATRIA À PSICANÁLISE FREUDIANA.
Authors: Henrique Silva Gladson
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo é resultado de pesquisa descritiva, em forma sucinta, de como era vista a melancolia no decorrer dos tempos, passando-se pela primeira psiquiatria, psiquiatria clássica e psicanálise. O método utilizado para a realização deste estudo foi de análise teórica e pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados mostram que a psiquiatria e a psicanálise, propõem conceitualizar a melancolia de modo amplamente diferente, apontando inclusive, que na primeira, através dos chamados manuais psiquiátricos ocorre a extinção nosográfica do termo melancolia.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Diagnóstico. Melancolia. Psicanálise. Psiquiatria.
POESIA E PSICANÁLISE: UM POSSÍVEL DIÁLOGO ENTRE MANOEL DE BARROS, FREUD E LACAN
Authors: Sampaio Tiago Antonio
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo buscou apresentar características da poesia de Manoel de Barros em um possível dialogo com a psicanálise de Freud e Lacan. Os desdobramentos para este enlace se deram através da perspectiva psicanalítica do texto freudiano de Escritores Criativos e Devaneios, e o conceito de objeto a de Lacan, ambos articulados a lançar um olhar sob a singularidade na poesia de Manoel de Barros, em poemas que retratam o sujeito em sua simplicidade, incompletude, e mais, propõe o homem como funcional mesmo no lugar de des-idealizado.Palavras-chave: Poesia. Psicanálise. Manoel de Barros. Freud. Lacan. Objeto a.
Compensating Electronic Effect Enables Fast Site‐to‐Site Electron Transfer over Ultrathin RuMn Nanosheet Branches toward Highly Electroactive and Stable Water Splitting
Authors: Li Leigang , Bu Lingzheng , Huang Bolong , Wang Pengtang , Shen Chenqi , Bai Shuxing , Chan Ting‐Shan , Shao Qi , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: October 2021

To improve the electroactivity and stability of electrocatalysts, various modulation strategies have been applied in nanocatalysts. Among different methods, heteroatom doping has been considered as an effective method, which modifies the local bonding environments and the electronic structures. Meanwhile, the design of novel two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructures also offers new opportunities for achieving efficient electrocatalysts. In this work, Mn‐doped ultrathin Ru nanosheet branches (RuMn NSBs), a newly reported 2D nanostructure, is synthesized. With the ultrathin and naturally abundant edges, the RuMn NSBs have exhibited bifunctionalities of hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction with high electroactivity and durability in different electrolytes. Experimental characterizations have revealed that RuO bonds are shortened due to Mn doping, which is the key factor that leads to improved electrochemical performances. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have confirmed that the introduction of Mn enables flexible modulations on the valence states of Ru sites. The inversed redox state evolutions of Ru and Mn sites not only improve the electroactivity for the water splitting but also the long‐term stability due to the pinning effect of Ru sites. This work has provided important inspirations for the design of future advanced Ru‐based electrocatalysts with high performances and durability.
Synthesis of Selenaheterocycles via Visible‐Light‐Mediated Radical Cyclization
Authors: Aganda Kim Christopher C. , Lee Anna
Published: October 2021

An approach for the synthesis of selenaheterocycles starting from aryl diazonium salts was developed. The one‐pot process and subsequent visible‐light‐mediated silver‐catalyzed cyclization enabled the synthesis of selenaheterocycles in the absence of a photocatalyst. The reactions were carried out under mild conditions without the use of toxic or sensitive reagents.

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Allenamides Playing Domino: A Redox‐Neutral Photocatalytic Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Aminofurans
Authors: Quintavalla Arianna , Veronesi Ruben , Speziali Laura , Martinelli Ada , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Mummolo Liviana , Lombardo Marco
Published: October 2021

A photoredox catalytic synthesis of functionalized 2‐aminofurans is proposed starting from α‐halo carbonyl substrates andN‐allenamides. The protocol proves to be efficient and sustainable thanks to:i) the use of visible light as green energy source,ii) the redox‐neutral nature of the transformation, allowing to avoid additives and strong oxidants,iii) the mild reaction conditions and the functional groups tolerance,iv) the low photocatalyst loading and the absence of excess reagents,v) the one‐pot formation of three new bonds in a domino sequence. According to our mechanistic hypothesis, the transformation is configured as adouble radical‐polar crossoverreaction, in which the photocatalyst is excited, oxidized and reduced twice for each molecule of 2‐aminofuran produced. The novelty of the designed synthetic approach also lies in the use ofN‐allenamides as substrates, which, after the addition of the first electrophilic radical, preserve a further reactive π‐system, making possible the addition of a second α‐keto radical and enabling the installation of a keto functionality at a remote position. The good yields, the broad scope, and the possibility to further synthetically elaborate the obtained furans make this protocol particularly promising for the construction of useful products.

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Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds by (3+3) and (3+4) Cycloannulations of Donor‐Acceptor Vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Faltracco Matteo , Strähler Sebastian , Snabilié Demi , Ruijter Eelco
Published: October 2021

Palladium‐catalyzed (3+3) and (3+4) cycloannulations between vinylcyclopropanes and various (hetero)aromatic aldehydes are reported. The use of phosphonate‐substituted vinylcyclopropanes provides access to a variety of bi‐ or tricyclic heteroaromatic scaffolds via an allylation/olefination cascade. The nature of the mechanism was investigated by various control experiments.

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Complete Mapping of DNA‐Protein Interactions at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Liu Wenzhe , Li Jie , Xu Yongping , Yin Dongbao , Zhu Xin , Fu Huanyan , Su Xiaodong , Guo Xuefeng
Published: October 2021

DNA–protein interaction plays an essential role in the storage, expression, and regulation of genetic information. A 1D/3D facilitated diffusion mechanism has been proposed to explain the extraordinarily rapid rate of DNA‐binding protein (DBP) searching for cognate sequence along DNA and further studied by single‐molecule experiments. However, direct observation of the detailed chronological protein searching image is still a formidable challenge. Here, for the first time, a single‐molecule electrical monitoring technique is utilized to realize label‐free detection of the DBP–DNA interaction process based on high‐gain silicon nanowire field‐effect transistors (SiNW FETs). The whole binding process of WRKY domain and DNA has been visualized with high sensitivity and single‐base resolution. Impressively, the swinging of hydrogen bonds between amino acid residues and bases in DNA induce the dynamic collective motion of DBP–DNA. This in situ, label‐free electrical detection platform provides a practical experimental methodology for dynamic studies of various biomolecules.
Trait variation, trade‐offs, and attributes may contribute to colonization and range expansion of a globally distributed weed
Authors: Eren Özkan , Hierro José L.
Published: October 2021

Premise

Trait variation, trade‐offs, and attributes can facilitate colonization and range expansion. We explored how those trait features compare between ancestral and nonnative populations of the globally distributed weed Centaurea solstitialis.

Methods

We measured traits related to survival, size, reproduction, and dispersal in field sampling following major environmental gradients; that of elevation in Anatolia (ancestral range) and that of precipitation in Argentina (nonnative range). We also estimated abundance.

Results

We found that overall variation in traits in ancestral populations was similar to that in nonnative populations. Only one trait—seed mass—displayed greater variation in ancestral than nonnative populations; coincidentally, seed mass has been shown to track global range expansion of C. solstitialis. Traits displayed several associations, among which seed mass and number were positively related in both ranges. Many traits varied with elevation in the ancestral range, whereas none varied with precipitation in the nonnative one. Interestingly, most traits varying with elevation within the ancestral range also displayed differences in attributes between ancestral and nonnative ranges. Unexpectedly, ancestral plants were more fecund than nonnative plants, but density was greater in the nonnative than ancestral range, indicating that C. solstitialis survives at larger proportions in the nonnative than ancestral range.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that maintaining levels of trait variation in nonnative populations comparable to those in ancestral populations, avoiding trait trade‐offs, and developing differences in trait attributes between ranges can play a major role in the success of many weeds in novel environments.
High Density Polyethylenes Bearing Isolated In‐Chain Carbonyls**
Authors: Tang Shan , Seidel Falk William , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: October 2021

Polyethylene materials are highly important polymers which are produced in the largest volume among all plastics. Due to the chemical inert property of saturated carbon–carbon bonds, the degradation of polyethylene is extremely challenging, which prevents them from efficient chemical recycling. Installing functional groups in the main chain of polyethylenes may facilitate the degradation and following chemical recycling of polyethylene materials. Here we report a highly selective approach for the synthesis of high density polyethylenes bearing low content isolated in‐chain carbonyls. Linear high‐molecular weight polyethylene chains are synthesized via the palladium catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene with metal carbonyls. Different from traditional ethylene/CO copolymerization reactions, excellent non‐alternating selectivity has been achieved. While the properties of polyethylene have been retained in the copolymer, faster degradation compared with that of polyethylene was observed upon UV light irradiation. The synthesized materials may therefore serve as more environmentally friendly alternative plastics than traditional polyethylene materials.
Tetrabromo[36]octaphyrin: A Promising Precursor of Directly Fused Porphyrin(2.1.1.1) Dimer and meso‐α Fused N‐Confused Porphyrin Dimer
Authors: Nakai Akito , Kim Jinseok , Tanaka Takayuki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: October 2021

3,7,23,27‐Tetrabromo[36]octaphyrin 2 was synthesized as a novel octaphyrin bearing two meso‐free positions. Surprisingly, its ZnII and NiII complexation reactions produced a directly fused porphyrin(2.1.1.1) dimer 6, and a meso‐α fused N‐confused porphyrin (NCP) dimer 7, as the first example of NCP tape, respectively, via transannular C−C bond formation. While 6 exhibits a diatropic ring‐current effect owing to the global 36π Möbius aromaticity, 7 shows a paratropic ring‐current effect due to the global Hückel 36π antiaromaticity. In addition, the oxidation of 7 with PbO2 allowed for formation of its two‐electron oxidized species 9 that exhibited a diatropic ring‐current effect due to the global Hückel 34π aromaticity. This work has demonstrated that meso‐free large expanded porphyrins can be a promising platform to produce novel fused porphyrinoids.
Ultrasensitive Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Cu‐Doped SnO2‐NiO p‐n Heterostructure That Shows Significant Raman Enhancement**
Authors: Zhou Yan , Gu Qingyi , Qiu Tianzhu , He Xiao , Chen Jinquan , Qi Ruijuan , Huang Rong , Zheng Tingting , Tian Yang
Published: October 2021

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on chemical mechanism (CM) attracts tremendous attention for great selectivity and stability. However, low enhancement factor (EF) limits its practical applications for trace detection. Here, a novel sponge‐like Cu‐doping SnO2‐NiO p‐n semiconductor heterostructure (SnO2‐NiOx/Cu), was first created as a CM‐based SERS substrate with a significant EF of 1.46×1010. This remarkable EF was mainly attributed to the enhanced charge‐separation efficacy of p‐n heterojunction and charge transfer resonance resulted from Cu doping. Moreover, the porous structure enriched the probe molecules, resulting in further SERS signals magnification. By immobilizing CuPc as an inner‐reference element, SnO2‐NiOx/Cu was developed as a SERS nose for selective recognition of multiple lung cancer related VOCs down to ppb level. The information of VOCs was recorded in a barcode, demonstrating practical potential of a desktop SERS device for biomarker screening.
Water Splitting by C60‐Supported Vanadium Single Atoms
Authors: Hou Gao‐Lei , Yang Tao , Li Mengyang , Vanbuel Jan , Lushchikova Olga V. , Ferrari Piero , Bakker Joost M. , Janssens Ewald
Published: October 2021

Water splitting is an important source of hydrogen, a promising future carrier for clean and renewable energy. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of water splitting, catalyzed by supported metal atoms or nanoparticles, is essential to improve the design of efficient catalysts. Here, we report an infrared spectroscopic study of such a water splitting process, assisted by a C60 supported vanadium atom, C60V++H2O→C60VO++H2. We probe both the entrance channel complex C60V+(H2O) and the end product C60VO+, and observe the formation of H2 as a result from resonant infrared absorption. Density functional theory calculations exploring the detailed reaction pathway reveal that a quintet‐to‐triplet spin crossing facilitates the water splitting reaction by C60‐supported V+, whereas this reaction is kinetically hindered on the isolated V+ ion by a high energy barrier. The C60 support has an important role in lowering the reaction barrier with more than 70 kJ mol−1 due to a large orbital overlap of one water hydrogen atom with one carbon atom of the C60 support. This fundamental insight in the water splitting reaction by a C60‐supported single vanadium atom showcases the importance of supports in single atom catalysts by modifying the reaction potential energy surface.
Controllability robustness of heat exchanger network based on complex network theory
Authors: Wang Zheng , Dong Ran , Dong Yunqing , Li Huapeng , Liu Ruijie , Hu Yiyi , Jia Xiaoping , Wang Fang
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of process industry, the heat exchanger network is becoming larger and more complicated. The heat exchanger network will inevitably be subject to internal and external interference, resulting in cascading failures, which reduces the controllability of the heat exchanger network and affects normal operation. A controllability robustness analysis method is proposed based on the complex network theory, to enhance the ability of the heat exchanger network to operate normally under external interference. First, combined with the interference transfer law of the heat exchanger network, a weighted directed complex network model of the heat exchanger network is constructed. Then, based on the controllability robustness analysis method of the minimum driver node, the controllability robustness of the heat exchanger network under four different attack modes is analyzed and compared. The comparative analysis of examples proves that the method takes into account the global controllability, accurately determines the attack modes and attack targets that have a greater impact on the controllability robustness of the heat exchanger network, reduces the computational complexity, and provides theoretical basis for improving the controllability robustness of the heat exchanger network and maintaining the normal operation of the heat exchanger network.
Reaction kinetics of melt post‐polycondensation process for polycarbonate in film state
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Bao Jianna , Zheng Mingfu , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing
Published: October 2021

Melt post‐polycondensation (MPP) process is one of manufactures industrially that can efficiently increase the molecular weight of polycarbonate (PC). Herein, the MPP experiments of several PC materials using quaternary ammonium hydroxides and alkali metal compounds as the catalyst in the film state are studied. The reaction products are characterized by Ubbelohde viscometer, DSC, 1H‐NMR, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, advanced polymer chromatography and rotational rheometer. It is found that MPP can effectively improve the intrinsic viscosity of PC. After a certain reaction time at a specific temperature, the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PC is raised from 19,000 to 54,600 g/mol. Furthermore, the 1H‐NMR results reveal that Fries rearrangement products are produced during the MPP process. Based on the functional group model, a reaction kinetic model, combining the effects of the main melt polycondensation reaction and the Fries rearrangement reaction, is established for the first time. The reaction rate constants at different temperatures and the reaction activation energies of the two PC materials are obtained. This work provides a new reaction kinetics model to guide the MPP process of PC, which contains Fries rearrangement reaction.
Stabilization of palladium nanoparticles inside chitosan derived N‐doped carbon nanofibers for Heck reaction
Authors: Gao Danning , Zhang Qi , Liu Zhifeng , Zhang Fureng , Gou Faliang , Xing Guiying , Zhou Shujing , Shao Linjun , Li Jinjing , Du Yijun , Qi Chenze
Published: October 2021

We report the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles encapsulated N‐doped carbon nanofibers derived from environmentally benign chitosan. Palladium salt was incorporated into the chitosan/sodium polyacrylate composite nanofibers by electrospinning, followed by carbonization under argon atmosphere to prepare palladium encapsulated mesoporous carbon nanofibers (Pd@Carbon). SEM images shows that the fibrous structures were well retained after carbonization processes. The Raman spectra demonstrates that the ratio of graphite carbon were increased with the carbonization temperature. X‐ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that PdO and Pd nanoparticles were formed in the carbon fibers and their sizes grew with the carbonization temperature. The sizes and concentrations of submicroscopic pores inside the nanofibers were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments and positron annihilation lifetime spectra. Heck reaction catalysis result shows that high carbonization temperature could improve the catalytic activity of Pd@Carbon nanofibers and the nanofibers carbonized at 800°C had the highest catalytic activity. Moreover, the catalytic activity of these novel composite nanofibers was well retained even after recycling for 13 times. The excellent catalytic performance of this fibrous palladium catalyst can be attributed to the N‐rich carbon nanofibers and encapsulation of palladium active species inside the ultrathin mesoporous carbon fibers.
Antioxidant activity and controlled‐release feature of Quercetin loaded amines‐functionalized magnetically porous cellulose
Authors: Saputra Ozi Adi , Apriansyah Fiqri , Puspitasari Melani Puji , Hanifah Syifa , Prakoso Agung , Wibowo Fajar Rakhman
Published: October 2021

Loading of quercetin onto drug cargo is still progressively studied to not only improve its solubility but also control the release behavior for improving therapeutics efficacy. In this present study, we successfully prepared drug cargo based magnetically porous cellulose (PC) functionalized by amine‐based alkoxysilane (MPC−NH2) for effectively carrying and sustainably delivering quercetin. The PC derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches provides high loading capacity reaching 344.48 ± 5.69 mg/g with loading effectiveness of 67.02 ± 1.11%. Surface modification of PC surfaces by Fe3O4 nanoparticles and aminosilane compounds not only enhances the quercetin loading effectiveness to 80.83 ± 1.10% but also controls the quercetin release behavior either at artificial gastric or physiological condition. The kinetic release study elaborates that anomalous transport is mainly involved during release of quercetin under physiological condition, but the Fickian diffusion plays the role at artificial gastric condition. The kinetic release rate of quercetin calculated following Higuchi model indicates that the Que@MPC−NH2 has slower release rate compared to another drug carrier. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of quercetin is significantly improved after being loaded onto MPC−NH2. Finally, we recapitulate that the loading of quercetin within MPC−NH2 is a powerful strategy for improving loading capacity, drug‐release ability, and antioxidant activity.
A highly fragrant comestible: the cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) in pre‐European Māori New Zealand
Authors: Campbell Matthew , Shepherd Lara , Kellett Melissa , Brassey Robert
Published: October 2021

A count of 6235 Chondrichthyes vertebrae was recovered from the 17th to 18th century AD NRD site (R11/859) on the Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. These have been identified by aDNA analysis as mostly rig (Mustelus lenticulatus). To provide context for this unusual assemblage we briefly review the archaeological record of Chondrichthyes fishing in Oceania and New Zealand, and more extensively review the 19th and early 20th century ethnography of Māori shark fishing in New Zealand along with the archaeological record. Chondrichthyes were of economic, social and spiritual importance to pre‐European Māori. A variety of species were caught by a variety of techniques, including mass harvest, and could be dried for storage. Our initial reading of the ethnographic record led us to expect that the assemblage would be dominated by school shark (Galeorhinus galeus), but a closer analysis of the record showed that Māori sharking practice was diverse. The NRD assemblage encapsulates this variation.
Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz durch die Begrünung von Außenanlagen und Gebäuden
Authors: Fahrion Marc‐Steffen , Nickl Christoph , Bangalore Deekshitha , Lakatos Michael , Brombacher Moritz
Published: October 2021

Infolge des Klimawandels werden die Sommer in Deutschland im Durchschnitt immer heißer. Die Begrünung von Außenanlagen und Gebäuden reduziert den städtischen Wärmeinseleffekt und verbessert das Mikroklima. Ob sich dies auch bei stark gedämmten Gebäuden wesentlich auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz und die Behaglichkeit in Innenräumen auswirkt, ist bislang allerdings unklar. Um diese Fragestellung zu untersuchen, wurden thermisch‐dynamische Gebäudesimulationen mit IDA ICE und Mikroklimasimulationen mit ENVI‐MET gekoppelt. Die Untersuchung erfolgte an einer für Deutschland typischen Ein‐ und Mehrfamilienhaussiedlung. Im Vergleich zu unbegrünten Gebäuden und Gartenflächen mit Rasen kann durch das Pflanzen von Sträuchern und Bäumen in Kombination mit einer extensiven Dachbegrünung und Moosfassaden der sommerliche Wärmeschutz an einem heißen Tag um bis zu 20 % verbessert werden. Die Begrünung hat gegenüber konventionellen Maßnahmen zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz den Vorteil, dass bei gezielter Pflanzenauswahl zusätzlich die Biodiversität und die Luftqualität am Standort verbessert werden.
Dezentrales Monitoring als Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Raumklimas und der Betriebsführung von Nichtwohngebäuden
Authors: Voss Karsten , Nengel Nils , Berges Malin Johanna , Kırant‐Mitić Tuğçin
Published: October 2021

Viele bestehende Nichtwohngebäude bieten Potenziale zur Verbesserung des Raumklimas und der Energieperformance durch eine verbesserte Nutzung und Betriebsführung. Dazu müssen aber zunächst die Verhältnisse messtechnisch erfasst und beurteilt werden, sodass Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt werden können. Bestehende Gebäudeautomationssysteme sind dazu häufig nicht ausreichend qualifiziert. Eine entsprechende Erweiterung der Hard‐ und/oder Software ist oft wirtschaftlich unverhältnismäßig. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in exemplarischen Gebäuden raumklimatische Messungen mit dezentralen Datenloggern unterschiedlicher Bauart über mindestens ein Jahr durchgeführt. Die drei für diesen Beitrag ausgewählten Gebäude besitzen sehr unterschiedliche Lüftungskonzepte. Die beiden Gebäude ohne raumlufttechnische (RLT) Anlagen zeigten auf unterschiedliche Weise den Einfluss des Nutzerverhaltens auf das erreichte raumklimatische Niveau. Das Gebäude mit RLT‐Anlage zeigte beispielhaft den Einfluss einer unvorteilhaften Sollwertsetzung auf den Energieverbrauch. Die dezentrale Messtechnik bietet große Potenziale für Qualitätssicherung im Bestand. Bei neuen Gebäuden besteht die Notwendigkeit, Gebäudeautomationssysteme bereits für die Aufgaben der Qualitätssicherung auszulegen und nicht nur auf Funktionssicherung zu setzen.
A pilot study of the effects of crocin on high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saberi‐Karimian Maryam , Safarian‐Bana Hamideh , Mohammadzadeh Elham , Kazemi Tooba , Mansoori Amin , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Samadi Sara , Nikbakht‐Jam Irandokht , Nosrati Mina , Ferns Gordon A. , Esmaily Habibollah , Aghasizadeh Malihe , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: October 2021

A randomized clinical trial high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) is reduced in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). We have assessed the effect of crocin supplementation on HDL CUC in patients with MetS. Forty‐four subjects with MetS were randomly allocated to one of two groups: one group received placebo and the other group received crocin at a dose of 30 mg (two tablets of 15 mg per day) for 8 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters were measured using an AutoAnalyzer BT3000 (BioTechnica). The modified CUC method is a cell free, simple, and high‐throughput assay that used to evaluate HDL CUC of serum samples. The decision tree analysis was undertaken using JMP Pro (SAS) version 13. The mean age of the crocin and placebo groups were 38.97 ± 13.33 and 43.46 ± 12.77 years, respectively. There was a significant increase in serum HDL CUC in the crocin group compared to that of the placebo group in patients with MetS (p‐value< 0.05). The decision tree analysis showed that serum HDL functionality was more important variable than HDL‐C level in predicting patients with hypertension at baseline (p‐value < 0.05). Crocin administration (30 mg for a period of 8 weeks) was found to improve serum HDL CUC in patients with MetS.

Trial registration

IRCT2013080514279N1
Bioactive Compounds of Fruit Parts of Three Eugenia uniflora Biotypes in Four Ripening Stages
Authors: Santos Suzana C. , Pereira Marx O. A. , Santos Karoline B. , Ferri Pedro H.
Published: October 2021

Variability of secondary metabolites in edible (peel and pulp) and inedible (seeds) parts of three pitanga varieties, red, red‐orange and purple, was investigated during the maturation process. Hydrolysable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids were quantified by HPLC/DAD and carotenoids by absorbance. Peel/pulp showed greater complexity of constituents (carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins), while only tannins were identified in seeds, but in quantities of 10 to 100 times greater. The red‐orange variety showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds in seeds and peel/pulp, except anthocyanins. The analysis of the principal response curves showed that the pitanga biotype has greater influence on metabolite variation than ripening stages. During peel/pulp maturation, a reduction in the levels of flavonoids and tannins contrasted with an increase in carotenoids and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside in all varieties, whereas in the seeds oenothein B, the major tannin, increased up to 1.32 g/100 g fresh weight. Such marked differences between fruit parts demonstrate that the seeds in stages E3 and E4 are a source of hydrolysable tannins, compounds known for their antitumor activity, while peel/pulp of all varieties in the ripe stage provide natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids and flavonoids. Lastly, the purple biotype can be a rich source of the cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside pigment a potent bioactive compound.
Erdheim‐Chester disease with long‐standing diabetes insipidus and generalized edema
Authors: Naji Faezeh Sadat , Hajmiri Minoo Sadat , Mazari Zahra , Salahshour Faeze , Soleimani Vahid , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Hemmatabadi Mahboobeh
Published: October 2021

Erdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non‐Langerhans histiocytosis. ECD is detected more frequently due to increased awareness of healthcare providers and improved diagnostic tools. This report describes a 51‐year‐old woman with a history of weakness, bone pain, xanthelasma palpebrarum, and diabetes insipidus. ECD is a multisystemic condition with a poor prognosis. This disease should be considered in patients with diabetes insipidus, bone pain, and multiorgan involvements.
Cow's milk allergy non‐responsive to amino acid‐based formula? A successful transplanted patient with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X‐linked syndrome
Authors: Veramendi‐Espinoza Liz , Rentería‐Valdiviezo Claudia Alejandra , Díaz‐Subauste Roxana , Aldave‐Becerra Juan Carlos , Alva‐Lozada Guisela , Becilli Marco , Locatelli Franco
Published: October 2021

The wide variety of IPEX symptoms leads to diagnosis and treatment delay with fatal outcomes if left untreated before two first years of life. Cow's milk allergy non‐responsive to amino acid‐based formula must raise suspicion of this syndrome.
Interfacial pH Measurements Using a Rotating Ring‐Disc Electrode with a Voltammetric pH Sensor
Authors: Monteiro Mariana C. O. , Liu Xuan , Hagedoorn Bellenod J. L. , Snabilié Demi D. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: October 2021

Electrochemical reactions in which H+ or OH− ions are produced or consumed, affect the pH near the electrode surface. Probing the pH locally is therefore highly desired to understand and model the reaction environment under operando conditions. We carried out interfacial pH measurements under mass transport control using a rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) coupled with our recently developed voltammetric pH sensor. The interfacial disc pH is detected by functionalizing the gold ring with a hydroxylaminothiophenol (4‐HATP)/4‐nitrosothiophenol (4‐NSTP) redox couple. As protons only have to interact with a monolayer containing the 4‐HATP/4‐NSTP, the sensitivity and time resolution that can be achieved are superior to potentiometric sensors. We used hydrogen evolution as a model reaction and performed measurements in buffered and unbuffered electrolytes. The effects of the current density, potential, the buffer capacity of the electrolyte and rotation rate on the local pH were investigated. This work shows a reliable and sensitive method for accurately probing the reaction environment under well‐defined mass transport conditions, over a wide pH range.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Urchin‐like Co−Ni−Fe Ternary Hydroxide Nanoneedles on Ni Foam for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Zheng Lirong , Yuan Meini , Wang Kai , Wei Zeyuan , Chen Yuke , Ding Congming , Cao Xiaochen , Shen Xingquan
Published: October 2021

A novel mesoporous urchin‐like Co−Ni−Fe ternary hydroxide (CoNiFe−TH) assembled by a large amount of nanoneedles on nickel foam was successfully prepared through a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. The mesoporous urchin‐like CoNiFe−TH nanoneedle electrode has a high specific capacitance of 1318.52 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in a three‐electrode system. Besides, the electrode exhibits an excellent cycling stability with 63.3 % specific capacitance retention and almost 100 % Coulombic efficiency during 1000 cycles of a charge‐discharge process at a current density of 5 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the electrode is due to the unique mesoporous urchin‐like CoNiFe−TH nanoneedles structures with more active reaction sites and polymetallic synergistic effects, which can facilitate the faradic reaction process to improve the electrochemical performance. The current synthesis method can be used for the preparation of other ternary transition metal hydroxides as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Developmental refinement of visual callosal inputs to ferret area 17
Authors: Khalil Reem , Gonzalez Cyndi , Alsuwaidi Shaima , Levitt Jonathan B.
Published: October 2021

Corticocortical connections link visual cortical areas in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. We studied the postnatal refinement of callosal connections linking multiple cortical areas with ferret area 17 during the period from just before eye opening (4 weeks) to 10 weeks of age. We aimed to determine (1) whether callosal projections from multiple visual cortical areas to area 17 refine with a similar rate and (2) whether the refinement of callosal projections parallels that of intrahemispheric cortical circuits. We injected the bidirectional tracer CTb into area 17, and mapped the areal and laminar distribution of labeled cells in visual areas of the contralateral hemisphere. Like intrahemispheric projections, callosal inputs to area 17 before eye opening are dominated by Suprasylvian area Ssy (with lesser and comparable input from areas 17, 18, 19, and 21), but within 2 weeks of eye opening are jointly dominated by area 18 and Ssy inputs; however, there are fewer labeled cells in the contralateral hemisphere. Unlike intrahemispheric projections, there is no laminar reorganization of callosal inputs; in all visual areas and at all ages studied, the greatest proportion of callosal projections arises from the infragranular layers. Also, unlike intrahemispheric projections, the peak density of callosal cells in each area projecting to area 17 declines more modestly. These results reveal important similarities and differences in the postnatal reorganization of inter‐ and intrahemispheric projections to area 17.
Morphological principles of neuronal mitochondria
Authors: Mendelsohn Rachel , Garcia Guadalupe C. , Bartol Thomas M. , Lee Christopher T. , Khandelwal Priya , Liu Emily , Spencer Donald J. , Husar Adam , Bushong Eric A. , Phan Sebastien , Perkins Guy , Ellisman Mark H. , Skupin Alexander , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Rangamani Padmini
Published: October 2021

In the highly dynamic metabolic landscape of a neuron, mitochondrial membrane architectures can provide critical insight into the unique energy balance of the cell. Current theoretical calculations of functional outputs like adenosine triphosphate and heat often represent mitochondria as idealized geometries, and therefore, can miscalculate the metabolic fluxes. To analyze mitochondrial morphology in neurons of mouse cerebellum neuropil, 3D tracings of complete synaptic and axonal mitochondria were constructed using a database of serial transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography images and converted to watertight meshes with minimal distortion of the original microscopy volumes with a granularity of 1.64 nanometer isotropic voxels. The resulting in‐silico representations were subsequently quantified by differential geometry methods in terms of the mean and Gaussian curvatures, surface areas, volumes, and membrane motifs, all of which can alter the metabolic output of the organelle. Finally, we identify structural motifs present across this population of mitochondria, which may contribute to future modeling studies of mitochondrial physiology and metabolism in neurons.
The Voyage of Micro/nanorobots inside the Human Body
Authors: Wei Fanan , Wang Lin , Yin Chao , Zhong Tianliang , Lu Zongxing , Yao Ligang
Published: October 2021

Controllable locomotion enables micron/nanorobots to voyage and perform microsurgeries inside the human body. With the assistance of micro/nanorobots, medical tasks can be fulfilled more efficiently than traditional treatment approaches. The micro/nanorobots have performed various tasks that would not be possible by conventional methods. Moreover, wireless propelling methods bring about a lot of benefits, so that the biomedical field gains a new development opportunity. Because of the continuous efforts made by researchers in the past decade, tremendous achievements have been obtained for micro/nanorobots working in vivo. Inside the human body, the micro/nanorobots hold great potential for various applications including cancer therapy, sensing, gene silencing and thrombolysis. In this paper, we provide an overview on recent wireless micro&nanorobots applied in cells, blood vessels, tissue and eyes. Actuation methods, including acoustic, magnetic, light, chemical and bioenergy, for micro&nanorobots insidethe human body are summarized and specific applications of them are also discussed. Furthermore, challenges such as speed, biocompatibility, controllability still exist. However, we can also foresee promising developments in future. Multifunction, simplified devices and intelligence will be the forthcoming development directions for in body micro&nanorobots.
Retracted: An efficient medical image super resolution based on piecewise linear regression strategy using domain transform filtering
Authors: Lepcha Dawa Chyophel , Goyal Bhawna , Dogra Ayush , Wang Shui‐Hua
Published: October 2021

High quality medical images are expected for the detailed analysis in medical diagnostic system. However, spatial resolution of medical images mostly suffers from the factors such as medical equipment and time constraints. Despite these limitations, a well‐designed super‐resolution (SR) algorithm will help to improve the resolution of the medical images for medical diagnosis. When comparing to upgrade medical equipment, the adaptation of SR algorithms as a post‐processing method after medical imaging gives the benefits of lower cost and superior performance. This article proposes a piecewise linear regression system for learning image specific low‐to‐high resolution mapping via domain transform filtering and weighted least squares (WLS) optimization framework. We initially employed a WLS optimization framework for gradually coarsen the original input images and extract the multi‐scale information by constructing edge‐preserving multi‐scale decompositions. Then, with the aim of adequately preserving the edges of the medical images, we utilize a recursive filtering in transform domain. The Hadamard patterns generated from low‐resolution training patches are then used to classify the LR–HR training patch pairs into different classes. In the end, the piecewise linear regression system is utilized to learn the mapping relationship between LR space to HR space for each class, which is subsequently utilized to obtain desired HR image. In the context of quantitative metrices and qualitative analysis, our proposed method generates high‐quality medical images as compares to other existing state‐of‐the‐art SR methods.