bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Techniques and technology in the system of determinants of the society’s socio-economic development
Authors: Yu. V Dubiei
Published: February 2024

Methods. In the process of research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: logical-historical analysis, with the help of which the evolution of the development of equipment and technology was analyzed; analysis and synthesis, on the basis of which the stages of technical and technological development of mankind were distinguished; scientific abstraction, which is used to clarify the essential characteristics of the category «technical and technological development»; method of generalization, with the help of which modern trends in the development of equipment and technology were characterized. Results. The article analyzes the evolution of the development of engineering and technology in the history of mankind. Their influence on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the socio-economic development of society is shown. The need to take into account the close interrelationship of technique and technology when studying the parameters of socio-economic progress is emphasized. On the basis of the analysis of the theories of technique and technology, the stages of technical and technological social development are distinguished. The current trends in the development of engineering and technology under the influence of the processes of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution are outlined. Novelty. The evolution of the development of technique and technology is analyzed, their relationship is shown, and the stages of the technical and technological development of mankind are highlighted. The essence of the category «technical and technological development» is substantiated. Practical value. The results of the research allow us to expand our understanding of the patterns of influence of technique and technology on socio-economic development and can be used in the process of improving technological policy at the level of individual business entities and the national economy as a whole.
Isovariation model of the optimal choice of convergent decision scenarios of industrial enterprises taking into account compliance risks
Authors: A. S Zaitseva
Published: February 2024

Methods. In the process of improving the method of forming an isovariation model of optimal selection of convergent scenarios of investment decisions of industrial enterprises, taking into account compliance risks, the following methods were used: methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical methods, induction and deduction techniques, graphic and logical methods, methods of financial, economic and statistical analysis. The methodological basis of the research is the isovariation and scenario methods. Results. The article improves the method of forming an isovariation model for the optimal selection of convergent investment decision scenarios of industrial enterprises, taking into account compliance risks, which takes into account the individual characteristics of the development of an industrial enterprise and makes it possible to divide enterprises into groups depending on the best-case and worst-case scenario of influence according to the level of the criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of investments, the maximization of which indicates an effectively formed development strategy. In this simulation, software solutions act as a starting point for choosing and making scenario decisions. Isovariation models for the selection of convergent investment decision scenarios of industrial enterprises, taking into account compliance risks, consist of several investment project scenarios, characterized by a different set of indicators of expected income and risk. Models are considered effective if the value of expected income leads to the minimization of risk or the highest possible indicator is associated with a certain level of risk. Novelty consists in improving the method of forming an isovariation model for choosing convergent investment decision scenarios of industrial enterprises, taking into account compliance risks. Practical value. Using the isovariation model for choosing convergent investment decision scenarios of industrial enterprises taking into account compliance risks it is possible to estimate the value of mathematical expectations of enterprise incomes. The moment of uncertainty is associated with an attempt to evaluate scenarios, which is a parametric isovariational component of positive and negative deviations. Thus, for each convergent scenario, the mathematical expectation of income and degree of risk can be determined. Among several effective scenarios, you can choose the optimal one depending on the investor's attitude to risk.
Intensive Care Management of Severe Malaria in Low Income Country
Authors: M Nanzir Sanoussi , B Dodo , M Gagara , M Boubakar , H Daddy , MS Chaibou
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of severe malaria at the Niamey National Hospital (NNH). Patients and Methods: Prospective study was conducted in intensive care unit (ICU) of the Niamey National Hospital, from September, 2020 to October, 2021. Data collected included: age, sex, medical history, temperature (°C), oxygen saturation (%), neurological, respiratory and circulatory distress, biological exams, treatment, prognostic and the mortality. The data was processed and analyzed by Word 2019 and Epi infos 7.2. Results: The sample included thirty-six patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) for severe malaria. Hospital prevalence was 9.54%. The mean age of patients was 20.69 years with extremes of 3 years and 47 years; sex ratio was 1.25 (M/F). In this study 78% of our patients had no médical history. Patients had fever in 25% of cases. Neurological signs were dominated by convulsions with 52.77%. Clinically patients had respiratory distress 25% and circulatory distress represent 42% of cases. Hepatomegaly was present in 22% of cases and icterus for 10.1%. The average parasite density was 320 elements/μL with extremes ranging from 120 to 14800 parasites/μL. Severe anemia was encountered in 47% of cases and 89 % of patients have ionic disorders. Hyperparasitemia was found for 19% of cases and acute renal failure in 11%. Neurological form dominated with 64% of cases. All of our patients had received intravenous artesunate. Evolution was favorable in 89% of cases and the mortality rate was 8%. The average length of hospital stay in intensive care was 6.69 days. Conclusion: Severe malaria is frequent in intensive care, nevertheless it’s clinical and paraclinical manifestations are serious, constituting life-threatening distress. The trend was favourable in the majority of cases.
Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Pulsed Radiofrequency for Spinal Stenosis with an Atypical Fluoroscopic Neurogram: A Case Study
Authors: Siva Ahilraj , Price-Morris Marc , Khimji Shayan
Published: February 2024

Background: We present a case of an atypical fluoroscopic neurogram pattern for complex chronic axial low back pain during a lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) pulsed radiofrequency stimulation. Case Report: A 70 year old female with a history of complex chronic axial low back pain with radicular leg pain. Initially her pain was described as intermittent, burning, and sharp with an intensity of 9/10 on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). This pain worsens with ambulation, lumbar extension, turning, weight bearing and spinal loading activities. MRI imaging noted lumbar anterolisthesis, moderate to severe central spinal stenosis, and mild bilateral neural foraminal space narrowing. From these findings, her pain is likely secondary to components of sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction, lumbar facetogenic pain, lumbar radiculitis, and spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. A multimodal and multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach involving minimally invasive interventional procedures and medication management was implemented with varying pain relief. She responded to L5 transforaminal epidural nerve root injections, SI joint prolotherapy, and sacral lateral branch radiofrequency ablation. She completed bilateral L5 DRG pulsed radiofrequency stimulation, which did not provide radicular pain relief. We performed a unilateral L4 DRG pulsed radiofrequency stimulation, which revealed an atypical L4 fluoroscopic neurogram pattern. At the 3 month follow up she reported the pain severity to have a NRS between 7-8/10. At 4 months, the pain severity was reported to have a NRS between 4-6/10 with subjective improvements with her daily activities. Conclusion: In a normal transforaminal epidural fluoroscopic neurogram, the anteroposterior view should demonstrate contrast spread medially around the pedicle and laterally following the exiting nerve root. In the case of this patient the combined anatomical presentation of anterolisthesis, central spinal canal stenosis, and circumferential disc bulging are all potential reasons for insufficient contrast passage resulting in the atypical neurogram.
On Suzuki-Proinov Type Contractions in Modular $b$-Metric Spaces with an Application
Authors: BÜYÜKKAYA Abdurrahman , ÖZTÜRK Mahpeyker
Published: February 2024

In this paper, by taking ${{\mathcal C}_\mathcal{A}}-$simulation function and Proinov type function into account, we set up a new contraction mapping called Suzuki$-$Proinov $\mathpzc{Z^*}_{\aE^*}^{\aR}(\alpha)-$contraction, including both rational expressions that possess quadratic terms and $\aE-$type contractions. Furthermore, we demonstrate a common fixed point theorem through the mappings endowed with triangular $\alpha-$admissibility in the setting of modular $b-$metric spaces. Besides that, we achieve some new outcomes that contribute to the current ones in the literature through the main theorem, and, as an application, we examine the existence of solutions to a class of functional equations emerging in dynamic programming.
First molecular confirmation of cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV1) in diseased carp in Serbia
Authors: Radosavljevic V , Glisic D , Maksimovic-Zoric J , Veljovic L , Savic B
Published: February 2024

Mass mortality of farmed 1 yr old common carp Cyprinus carpio occurred at a carp farm in April 2022. In addition to high mortality, diseased fish exhibited papillomatous growths on the skin and fins, characteristic of carp pox. To investigate a possible viral cause, tissue samples were collected and nucleic acid was extracted using standard procedures. In a pooled sample from the gills and kidneys, carp edema virus (CEV) was detected by real-time PCR. In a skin tissue sample with papillomatous growths, cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV1) was detected by a conventional PCR targeting a conserved region of the DNA polymerase of cyprinid herpesviruses. PCR products were visualized through agarose gel electrophoresis, and the presence of CyHV1 DNA was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This represents the first molecular confirmation of CyHV1 in common carp in Serbia.
Assessment of Adaptation Potential of Foreign Students Studying in Low- and Midlands Conditions
Authors: Satarkulova A. , Tiuliuliueva A. , Keneshova K.
Published: February 2024

Assessment of the adaptive potential of students studying in low- and midlands conditions is a very important task, since it allows students to timely identify pathological conditions that precede the development of the disease. The goal of this study is to assess the adaptive capabilities of foreign students studying in low- and midlands conditions. The 260 first-course male students aged 19.55±1.31 years from India were examined. The study was conducted in low mountains (760 m ASL) and middle mountains (1650 m ASL). The index of functional changes (IFCh), as calculated by R. M. Baevsky, took into account factors such as age, height, body weight, heart rate, and blood pressure. A comparative analysis of the indicators of the index of functional changes (IFCh) of foreign students studying in lowlands and midlands revealed significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP). In the low mountains group, the value of IFCh was higher than in the middle mountains group. The majority of students (77% in the lowlands and 86% in the midlands) demonstrated a satisfactory level of adaptation. However, a small percentage of students in both the lowlands (6%) and midlands (1%) showed unsatisfactory adaptation. Therefore, the educational environment in the midlands was found to be more favorable for the adaptation of Indian students.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Gemcitabine, Metformin, Citrus Pectin and Their Combinations on the Growth of Transgrant Walker Carcinosarcoma
Authors: Kudaibergenova I. , Chakeyev I. , Kylchykbaev A. , Asanalieva A.
Published: February 2024

One of the important problems of modern society is the prevention and treatment of cancer. To increase the effectiveness of existing methods, it is promising to use biological response modifiers, the combination of which with traditional methods makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of therapy. The article presents the results of experiments studying the combined effects of metformin, low molecular weight pectin and the cytostatic drug gemcitabine on a transplantable tumor — Walker carcinosarcoma 256. The experimental results demonstrated a clear effect of reducing the toxicity of gemcitabine when administered in high doses in combination with pectasol and metformin. It has been shown that with combined therapy, the rates of inhibition of tumor growth and increase in life expectancy are higher than with monotherapy.
Calculated Values of Three-phase Short-circuit Currents in the Power Supply System of the Synchronous Generator Excitation System
Authors: Zholonov O.
Published: February 2024

In this article, the calculated values of three-phase short-circuit currents in the power supply system of the excitation system of the STS type are considered-2100-250-2,5 UHL4 synchronous generator type SV-1130-220-44- UHL4.
Technology for Producing Heat From Composite Coal Fuels in Advanced Oven for Municipal and Household Use
Authors: Sabirov B. , Tashpolotov Y.
Published: February 2024

The problem of rational use of coal remains relevant; currently, various technologies have been developed for producing composite solid fuels, briquettes with various binding materials from brown coal deposits in Kyrgyzstan. The widespread use of composite solid fuels (CSF) and coal briquettes in industry, everyday life and public utilities, in our opinion, is limited by two reasons: excessively inflated requirements of existing standards for the physical and mechanical characteristics of briquettes as a product; poor knowledge of optimal conditions for burning briquettes. Our research shows that compressive strength in the range of 15-20 kgf/cm2 provides the necessary strength for the degree of abrasion during transportation and storage of large-sized rectangular CSFs. Reducing the strength requirement to the value indicated above makes it possible to form briquettes from unsorted culm. Among the numerous known binders for briquetting, inorganic types of clays and loams, which are ubiquitous, deserve special attention. It has been established that clays and loams provide the strength of the CSF over 20 kgf/cm2. For the purpose of beneficial use of low-grade fine coal, we carried out briquetting and combustion testing of the resulting briquettes. It has been established that when briquetting coals from the Zhatan and Kumbel deposits with a clay binder, with an increase in the content of fine coals in the composition, the burning time of the briquette increases, as well as the combustion of the combustible mass increases, and the temperature in the combustion space increases. It has been shown that with the help of appropriate minor modifications of standard household stoves it is possible to significantly increase the combustion efficiency of all types of low-grade fuel, including lignite high-ash CSF.
Research Into the Concept of Long-term Tariff Regulation for Freight Rail Transportation in Modern Conditions
Authors: Vydashenko L. , Askarova Yu.
Published: February 2024

Russian Railways JSC faces unresolved problems in the field of pricing and tariff regulation. The current regulatory framework for determining tariffs was established in 2003. Over the past 20 years, significant changes have occurred in Price List 10-01, which was periodically adapted to the current conditions of the freight transportation market by introducing additional coefficients, and almost all possibilities for adjusting it have been exhausted. The Government of the Russian Federation has given instructions to departments to develop a new Price List by January 1, 2026. It is necessary to improve the tariff policy, adapted to the conditions of a market economy, in accordance with the Reform Program of Russian Railways JSC adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Strategy for the Development of Railway Transport in the Russian Federation until 2030. Existing problems in the field of pricing and directions for further development are considered.
Diagnostics of the Value System in Students
Authors: Rahmonova Z.
Published: February 2024

The system of value orientations defines the substantive aspects of personality orientation, and the foundations of its relationships to the surrounding world, other people, itself, the basis of its own worldview and the motivation of its vital activity form the core, the foundations of its life concept and philosophy of life. The methodology for diagnosing value orientations allows you to diagnose the structure of value orientations of an individual or group. The introduction of coaching, individual and group collaboration exercises in training under the influence of factors such as cognitive ability, speed and accuracy of data processing, emotional stability, emotional sensitivity is based on the fact that students are the main tools for the formation and development of interpersonal values such as “pleasant time”, “perception and pleasure of beauty”, “mutual respect” and emotional intelligence. The article covers these issues.
Immersing oneself into one’s past: Subjective presence can be part of the experience of episodic remembering
Authors: Perrin Denis , Barkasi Michael
Published: February 2024

A common view about the phenomenology of episodic remembering has it that when we remember a perceptual experience, we can relive or re-experience many of its features, but not its characteristic presence. In this paper, we challenge this common view. We first say that presence in perception divides into temporal and locative presence, with locative having two sides, an objective and a subjective one. While we agree with the common view that temporal and objective locative presence cannot be relived in remembering, we argue that subjective locative presence – the feeling of being immersed in a certain scene – can be so. Our argument for this claim starts by determining independently the underpinning mechanisms of subjective locative presence in quasi-perceptual imagination. These mechanisms are self-projection, imaginative pretence, and attentional focus. We then proceed to establish that they have been found to underpin conscious states of episodic remembering too. We conclude that episodic remembering can bring us to relive the subjective locative presence characteristic of a perceptual experience, and that the common view is mistaken. Our view – ‘mnemonic immersivism’ – has important consequences regarding the relationships between memory and imagination and the phenomenology of episodic remembering.
La antropología ética de Morin en la sociedad posverdad y post-Covid
Authors: Palomo Miguel
Published: February 2024

En contraposición a este pensamiento cientificista imperante, una de las ideas que fundamentan el pensamiento de Edgar Morin es el del retorno al humanismo, que habría que reconstruir de modo que la sociedad sea capaz de aprehender la realidad en todos los aspectos que la componen. A este fin, Morin propone la antropoética, como actuación y vida ética que tiene en cuenta aspectos antropológicos del ser humano, para reconectar a individuo, sociedad y especie, incluyendo por tanto la realidad humana, social y biológica. A partir de aquí, pretendemos interpretar la reforma epistemológica que plantea Morin como argumento para reconstruir las solidaridades sociales necesarias para combatir las amenazas a la calidad democrática y educativa provenientes de los fenómenos de la desinformación y la posverdad.
Conflictividad devota. Las mujeres en las romerías gallegas (siglos XVIII-XIX)
Authors: Rodríguez Lemos Anxo
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo analizará la presencia de la mujer en los santuarios de Galicia desde el gobierno y administración de sus templos hasta el espacio festivo generado con posterioridad a las celebraciones religiosas, en los atrios, campos de fiesta, robledales o alamedas, entendidos como espacios de esparcimiento no exento de conflictividad.
Unraveling dystonia circuitry in rodent models using novel neuromodulation techniques
Authors: Rauschenberger Lisa , Ip Chi Wang
Published: February 2024

Dystonia is a network disorder presumed to result from abnormalities in multiple brain regions and in multiple cell populations. The specific pathomechanisms affecting the motor circuits in dystonia are, however, still largely unclear. Animal models for dystonia have long been used to advance our understanding on how specific brain regions and cell populations are involved in dystonia symptomatogenesis. Lesioning, pharmacological modulation and electrical stimulation paradigms were able to highlight that both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are pathologically altered in these animal models for dystonia. Techniques such as optogenetics and chemogenetics now offer the opportunity for targeted modulation of brain regions and most importantly cell populations and circuits. This could not only allow for a better understanding of the dystonic brain, but potentially improve and expand treatment options. In hopes that the insights from these neuromodulation techniques will eventually translate into therapies, we aim to summarize and critically discuss the findings from different in vivo approaches used to dissect the network dysfunctions underlying dystonia.
3D micro/nano hydrogel structures fabricated by two-photon polymerization for biomedical applications
Authors: Fu Hongxun , Yu Baojun
Published: February 2024

Hydrogels are three-dimensional natural or synthetic cross-linked networks composed of polymer chains formed by hydrophilic monomers. Due to the ability to simulate many properties of natural extracellular matrix, hydrogels have been widely used in the biomedical field. Hydrogels can be obtained through a variety of polymerization strategies such as heating and redox. However, photochemistry is one of the most interesting methods for researchers in this field. Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) inherits the biological activity of gelatin and has become one of the gold standards in the field of biomaterials. GelMA, as a photopolymerizable hydrogel precursor, can be used to fabricate 3D porous structures for biomedical applications through two-photon polymerization. We report a new formulation of GelMA-based photoresist and used it to manufacture a series of two-photon polymerization structures, with a maximum resolution less than 120 nm. The influence of process parameters on 3D structures manufacturing is studied by adjusting the scanning speed, laser power, and layer spacing values in two-photon polymerization processing. In vitro biological tests show that the 3D hydrogel produced by two-photon polymerization in this paper is biocompatible and suitable for MC3T3-E1 cell.
Syntheses, reactivity, and biological applications of coumarins
Authors: Citarella Andrea , Vittorio Serena , Dank Christian , Ielo Laura
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive review, covering 2021–2023, explores the multifaceted chemical and pharmacological potential of coumarins, emphasizing their significance as versatile natural derivatives in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis and functionalization of coumarins have advanced with innovative strategies. This enabled the incorporation of diverse functional fragments or the construction of supplementary cyclic architectures, thereby the biological and physico-chemical properties of the compounds obtained were enhanced. The unique chemical structure of coumarine facilitates binding to various targets through hydrophobic interactions pi-stacking, hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole interactions. Therefore, this important scaffold exhibits promising applications in uncountable fields of medicinal chemistry (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation).
Unraveling the microbial puzzle: exploring the intricate role of gut microbiota in endometriosis pathogenesis
Authors: Tang Fan , Deng Mengqi , Xu Chunyu , Yang Ruiye , Ji Xuechao , Hao Menglin , Wang Yixiao , Tian Ming , Geng Yuning , Miao Jinwei
Published: February 2024

Endometriosis (EMs) is a prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of uterine tissue outside the uterine cavity, causing debilitating symptoms and infertility. Despite its prevalence, the exact mechanisms behind EMs development remain incompletely understood. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the relationship between gut microbiota imbalance and EMs pathogenesis. Recent research indicates that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in various aspects of EMs, including immune regulation, generation of inflammatory factors, angiopoietin release, hormonal regulation, and endotoxin production. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota can disrupt immune responses, leading to inflammation and impaired immune clearance of endometrial fragments, resulting in the development of endometriotic lesions. The dysregulated microbiota can contribute to the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggering chronic inflammation and promoting ectopic endometrial adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, gut microbiota involvement in estrogen metabolism affects estrogen levels, which are directly related to EMs development. The review also highlights the potential of gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for EMs. Interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the use of gut microbiota preparations have demonstrated promising effects in reducing EMs symptoms. Despite the progress made, further research is needed to unravel the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and EMs, paving the way for more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
Association between sleep duration and depression in menopausal women: a population-based study
Authors: Zhang Feng , Cheng Long
Published: February 2024

Aims

This research investigated menopausal women older than 50 years to find whether there were any independent relationships between the duration of sleep they got and their prevalence of depression.

Methods

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets from 2011-2020 were utilized in a cross-sectional study. Using multivariate linear regression models, the linear relationship between sleep duration and depression in menopausal women was investigated. Fitted smoothing curves and thresholds impact evaluation were used to investigate the nonlinear relationship. Then, subgroup analyses were performed according to smoking, drinking alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and moderate activities.

Results

This population-based study included a total of 3,897 menopausal women (mean age 65.47 ± 9.06 years) aged≥50 years; 3,159 had a depression score <10, and 738 had a depression score≥10. After controlling for all covariates, the prevalence of depression was 17% higher among participants with short sleep duration [OR=1.17, 95%CI=(0.65, 1.70), P<0.0001] and 86% [OR=1.86, 95%CI=(1.05, 2.66), P<0.0001] compared to participants with normal sleep duration. In subgroup analyses stratified by smoking and diabetes, the sleep duration and depression scores of non-smokers [β=-0.18, 95%CI= (-0.33, -0.02), P=0.0241] and diabetics were independently negatively correlated [β=-0.32, 95%CI= (-0.63, -0.01), P=0.0416]. Using a two-segment linear regression model, we discovered a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and depression scores with an inflection point of 7.5 hours. Less than 7.5 hours of sleep was associated with an increased risk of developing depression [β=-0.81, 95%CI= (-1.05, -0.57), P<0.001]. However, sleeping more than 7.5 hours per night increased the risk of depression considerably [β=0.80, 95%CI= (0.51, 1.08), P<0.001].

Conclusions

Depression is associated with sleep duration in menopausal women. Insufficient or excessive sleep may increase the risk of depression in menopausal women.
Production of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass via biochemical and thermochemical routes
Authors: Brown Jessica , Lindstrom Jake K. , Ghosh Arpa , Rollag Sean A. , Brown Robert C.
Published: February 2024

Sugars are precursors to the majority of the world’s biofuels. Most of these come from sugar and starch crops, such as sugarcane and corn grain. Lignocellulosic sugars, although more challenging to extract from biomass, represent a large, untapped, opportunity. In response to the increasing attention to renewable energy, fuels, and chemicals, we review and compare two strategies for extracting sugars from lignocellulosic biomass: biochemical and thermochemical processing. Biochemical processing based on enzymatic hydrolysis has high sugar yield but is relatively slow. Thermochemical processing, which includes fast pyrolysis and solvent liquefaction, offers increased throughput and operability at the expense of low sugar yields.
The role of microRNAs in defining LSECs cellular identity and in regulating F8 gene expression
Authors: Jamil Muhammad Ahmer , Al-Rifai Rawya , Nuesgen Nicole , Altmüller Janine , Oldenburg Johannes , El-Maarri Osman
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Coagulation Factor VIII (FVIII) plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, and deficiencies in its levels, as seen in Hemophilia A, can lead to significant health implications. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are the main producers and contributors of FVIII in blood, a fact we have previously elucidated through mRNA expression profiling when comparing these cells to other endothelial cell types.

Methods: Our current investigation focuses on small microRNAs, analyzing their distinct expression patterns across various endothelial cells and hepatocytes.

Results: The outcome of this exploration underscores the discernible microRNAs expression differences that set LSECs apart from both hepatocytes (193 microRNAs at p < 0.05) and other endothelial cells (72 microRNAs at p < 0.05). Notably, the 134 and 35 overexpressed microRNAs in LSECs compared to hepatocytes and other endothelial cells, respectively, shed light on the unique functions of LSECs in the liver.

Discussion: Our investigation identified a panel of 10 microRNAs (miR-429, miR-200b-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-216b-5p, miR-1185-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-30c-2-3p, and miR-30a-5p) that distinctly define LSEC identity. Furthermore, our scrutiny extended to microRNAs implicated in F8 regulation, revealing a subset (miR-122-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-204-3p, and miR-2682-5p) whose expression intricately correlates with F8 expression within LSECs. This microRNA cohort emerges as a crucial modulator of F8, both directly through suppression and indirect effects on established F8-related transcription factors. The above microRNAs emerged as potential targets for innovative therapies in Hemophilia A patients.
The social-ecological landscape of herding on the high mountain commons of Larrau in the western Pyrenees (France)
Authors: Gragson Ted L , Coughlan Michael R.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Much has been written about herding, pastoralism and the ethos of the commons that persists in Soule and the valley republics of the western Pyrenees. However, more has been written about the idealized norms of the practice than the social dynamics of alliance formation on which cooperation in herding on the high mountain commons in Soule has depended for centuries. We use empirical evidence from the parish-commune of Larrau to analyze the emergence, social alliance, and landscape placement of Cayolar, a syndicate of herders associated with a named inholding within the high mountain commons, to inform our understanding of the process of settling down in the western Pyrenees.

Methods

We abstract the institutional features of herding in the Soule Valley then proceed with a (1) Bayesian analysis of calibrated radiocarbon dates from herding sites across the commons, (2) a Bayesian social network analysis of herders and other alliance-relevant information, and (3) a landscape analysis of the placement of Cayolar inholdings.

Results

A syndicate of herders organized as a Cayolar succeed by following mutually agreed upon rules, making credible commitments to each other, and monitoring members' conformance to the rules. The organizational performance of a Cayolar depends on the articulation of herders to the members of the Soule community of interest through nested levels of institutional decision-making. Archaeological, historical and ethnographic results provide direct evidence for use of Cayolar structures and inholdings by c. 1000 CE and the institutional and organizational aspects of decision-making by c. 1100 CE.

Discussion

The Cayolar is an enduring place-based organization with an average use-span of c. 850 years. Members have a regulatory interest in enforcing the collaboration of others in collective herding and little incentive to defect since unlike Hardin's herders, Cayolar members share a past and expect to share a future as members of the Soule community of interest. Íñigo Arista established the Basque kingdom of Navarra in 824 CE, and his donations contributed to the founding of the Benedictine monastery of Leyre that established a pastoral enterprise at Betzula within the Soule Valley. Other monastic orders soon turned their attention to the western Pyrenees responding to attempts by the Catholic Church to counter civil unrest in southern France. The real turning point for collective herding on the high mountain commons was the introduction of primordial fueros on the Iberian side of the Pyrenees. These direct royal agreements with freemen encouraged resettlement and repopulation of the western Pyrenees and provided the means for local communities of interest to coalesce and develop institutions to organize the collective effort of individuals for the benefit of a group.
Perioperative immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wei Dan D. , Fang Jin M. , Wang Huan Z. , Chen Jian , Kong Shuai , Jiang Yan-Yi , Jiang Yuan
Published: February 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main prevalent histological subtype and accounts for 85% of esophageal cancer cases worldwide. Traditional treatment for ESCC involves chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, the overall prognosis remains unfavorable. Recently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy using anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) antibodies have not only achieved remarkable benefits in the clinical management of ESCC but have also completely changed the treatment approach for this cancer. In just a few years, ICB therapy has rapidly advanced and been added to standard first-line treatment regimen in patients with ESCC. However, preoperative immunotherapy is yet to be approved. In this review, we summarize the ICB antibodies commonly used in clinical immunotherapy of ESCC, and discuss the advances of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the perioperative treatment of ESCC, aiming to provide reference for clinical management of ESCC patients across the whole course of treatment.
Whole blood RNA signatures in tuberculosis patients receiving H56:IC31 vaccine as adjunctive therapy
Authors: Alonso-Rodríguez Noelia , Vianello Eleonora , van Veen Suzanne , Jenum Synne , Tonby Kristian , van Riessen Rosalie , Lai Xiaoran , Mortensen Rasmus , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Therapeutic vaccination in tuberculosis (TB) represents a Host Directed Therapy strategy which enhances immune responses in order to improve clinical outcomes and shorten TB treatment. Previously, we have shown that the subunit H56:IC31 vaccine induced both humoral and cellular immune responses when administered to TB patients adjunctive to standard TB treatment (TBCOX2 study, NCT02503839). Here we present the longitudinal whole blood gene expression patterns in H56:IC31 vaccinated TB patients compared to controls receiving standard TB treatment only.

Methods

The H56:IC31 group (N=11) and Control group (N=7) underwent first-line TB treatment for 182 days. The H56:IC31 group received 5 micrograms of the H56:IC31 vaccine (Statens Serum Institut; SSI, Valneva Austria GmbH) intramuscularly at day 84 and day 140. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples collected in PAXgene tubes on days 0, 84, 98, 140, 154, 182 and 238. The expression level of 183 immune-related genes was measured by high-throughput microfluidic qPCR (Biomark HD system, Standard BioTools).

Results

The targeted gene expression profiling unveiled the upregulation of modules such as interferon (IFN) signalling genes, pattern recognition receptors and small nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-ases in the vaccinated group compared to controls two weeks after administration of the first H56:IC31 vaccine. Additionally, the longitudinal analysis of the Adolescent Cohort Study-Correlation of Risk (ACS-COR) signature showed a progressive downregulation in both study arms towards the end of TB treatment, in congruence with reported treatment responses and clinical improvements. Still, two months after the end of TB treatment, vaccinated patients, and especially those developing both cellular and humoral vaccine responses, showed a lower expression of the ACS-COR genes compared to controls.

Discussion

Our data report gene expression patterns following H56:IC31 vaccination which might be interpreted as a lower risk of relapse in therapeutically vaccinated patients. Further studies are needed to conclude if these gene expression patterns could be used as prognostic biosignatures for therapeutic TB vaccine responses.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections and evasion strategies
Authors: Baz Ahmed Adel , Hao Huafang , Lan Shimei , Li Zhangcheng , Liu Shuang , Chen Shengli , Chu Yuefeng
Published: February 2024

Neutrophils are innate immune cells that have a vital role in host defense systems. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of neutrophils’ defense mechanisms against pathogens. NETs comprise an ejected lattice of chromatin associated with histones, granular proteins, and cytosolic proteins. They are thought to be an efficient strategy to capture and/or kill bacteria and received intensive research interest in the recent years. However, soon after NETs were identified, it was observed that certain bacteria were able to evade NET entrapment through many different mechanisms. Here, we outline the recent progress of NETs in bacterial infections and the strategies employed by bacteria to evade or withstand NETs. Identifying the molecules and mechanisms that modulate NET release will improve our understanding of the functions of NETs in infections and provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.
Four clinical and biological phenotypes in antiphospholipid syndrome: a cluster analysis of 174 patients with antinuclear antibody tests
Authors: Ottavi Marie , Toulon Pierre , Casolla Barbara , Martis Nihal
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombotic disease with various systemic presentations. This study aimed to identify homogeneous groups of patients based on a non-supervised hierarchical cluster analysis and assess the rate of relapse associated with antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

Methods

This retrospective observational study enrolled patients, over a 90-month period, who had APS as defined by the 2006 Sydney classification criteria, and for whom ANA workup was performed. Agglomerative unsupervised hierarchical clustering was conducted to classify patients into subgroups using 24 variables reflecting a range of clinical and biological baseline features associated with APS.

Results

Hundred and seventy-four patients were included and were categorized into four phenotypes. Cluster 1 (n=73) associated mostly middle-aged men with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Obstetrical APS with low-risk thrombosis made up cluster 2 (n=25). Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), microvascular findings and double/triple positive APL antibodies (50%) were represented in cluster 3 (n=33). Whereas cluster 4 (n=43) characterized a predominantly female subpopulation with positive ANA and systemic lupus (n=23) that exhibited a high thrombotic risk and more frequent relapses (n=38) (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study identified four homogenous groups of patients with APS listed as: i) cardiovascular and arterial risk, ii) obstetrical, iii) VTE and microvascular, and iv) ANA-positive APS. We found that ANA-positivity was associated with higher rates of relapse. Applying ANA status to classification criteria could constitute a novel approach to tailoring management for APS, based on phenotypic patterns and risk assessment.
Role of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Otsuka Yasuo , Minaga Kosuke , Kudo Masatoshi , Watanabe Tomohiro
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen caused by alcohol or high-fat intake and the subsequent autodigestion of the pancreas tissues by trypsin are indispensable events in the development of acute pancreatitis. In addition to this trypsin-centered paradigm, recent studies provide evidence that innate immune responses triggered by translocation of intestinal bacteria to the pancreas due to intestinal barrier dysfunction underlie the immunopathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Although severe acute pancreatitis is often associated with pancreatic colonization by fungi, the molecular mechanisms linking fungus-induced immune responses to the development of severe acute pancreatitis are poorly understood. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that mediates innate immune responses to fungi and bacteria. Mutations in Lrrk2 is a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease and Crohn’s disease, both of which are driven by innate immune responses to gut organisms.

Discussion

In this Minireview article, we discuss how activation of LRRK2 by the recognition of fungi induces severe acute pancreatitis.
Exploring anterion capsular contraction syndrome in cataract surgery: insights into pathogenesis, clinical course, influencing factors, and intervention approaches
Authors: Lin Xuanqiao , Ma Dongmei , Yang Jin
Published: February 2024

Anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) is a challenging complication that can occur following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Characterized by capsular bag wrinkling, intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt, ACCS can have negative effects on visual outcomes and patient satisfaction. This review aims to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical course, influencing factors, and intervention approaches for ACCS after cataract surgery. By understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying factors that contribute to ACCS, surgeons can enhance their ability to predict and manage this complication. Various intervention strategies are discussed, highlighting their importance in reducing complications and improving surgical outcomes. However, further research is needed to determine optimal prevention and management strategies through long-term follow-up and comparative analyses. Advancements in this field will ultimately lead to improved visual outcomes and optimized cataract surgery for patients.
Microbial dysbiosis and the aging process: a review on the potential age-deceleration role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Authors: Gupta Nishant , El-Gawaad N. S. Abd , Mallasiy L. O. , Gupta Harsh , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Alghamdi Saad , Qusty Naeem F.
Published: February 2024

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been a serious risk factor for several gastric and systemic diseases. Recently, gut microbiota’s role in aging was discussed. Available preclinical evidence suggests that the probiotic bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarums (LP) may influence the aging process via modulation of the gut microbiota. The present review summarized compelling evidence of LP’s potential effect on aging hallmarks such as oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA methylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. LP gavage modulates gut microbiota and improves overall endurance in aging animal models. LP cell constituents exert considerable antioxidant potential which may reduce ROS levels directly. In addition, restored gut microbiota facilitate a healthy intestinal milieu and accelerate multi-channel communication via signaling factors such as SCFA and GABA. Signaling factors further activate specific transcription factor Nrf2 in order to reduce oxidative damage. Nrf2 regulates cellular defense systems involving anti-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and protective enzymes against MAPKs. We concluded that LP supplementation may be an effective approach to managing aging and associated health risks.
Biogeographic distribution of five Antarctic cyanobacteria using large-scale k-mer searching with sourmash branchwater
Authors: Lumian Jessica , Sumner Dawn Y. , Grettenberger Christen L. , Jungblut Anne D. , Irber Luiz , Pierce-Ward N. Tessa , Brown C. Titus
Published: February 2024

Cyanobacteria form diverse communities and are important primary producers in Antarctic freshwater environments, but their geographic distribution patterns in Antarctica and globally are still unresolved. There are however few genomes of cultured cyanobacteria from Antarctica available and therefore metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from Antarctic cyanobacteria microbial mats provide an opportunity to explore distribution of uncultured taxa. These MAGs also allow comparison with metagenomes of cyanobacteria enriched communities from a range of habitats, geographic locations, and climates. However, most MAGs do not contain 16S rRNA gene sequences, making a 16S rRNA gene-based biogeography comparison difficult. An alternative technique is to use large-scale k-mer searching to find genomes of interest in public metagenomes. This paper presents the results of k-mer based searches for 5 Antarctic cyanobacteria MAGs from Lake Fryxell and Lake Vanda, assigned the names Phormidium pseudopriestleyi FRX01, Microcoleus sp. MP8IB2.171, Leptolyngbya sp. BulkMat.35, Pseudanabaenaceae cyanobacterium MP8IB2.15, and Leptolyngbyaceae cyanobacterium MP9P1.79 in 498,942 unassembled metagenomes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). The Microcoleus sp. MP8IB2.171 MAG was found in a wide variety of environments, the P. pseudopriestleyi MAG was found in environments with challenging conditions, the Leptolyngbyaceae cyanobacterium MP9P1.79 MAG was only found in Antarctica, and the Leptolyngbya sp. BulkMat.35 and Pseudanabaenaceae cyanobacterium MP8IB2.15 MAGs were found in Antarctic and other cold environments. The findings based on metagenome matches and global comparisons suggest that these Antarctic cyanobacteria have distinct distribution patterns ranging from locally restricted to global distribution across the cold biosphere and other climatic zones.