bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penicillin Allergy Skin Testing in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Justo Julie Ann , Kufel Wesley D. , Avery Lisa , Bookstaver P. Brandon
Published: August 2019

The consequences of a documented penicillin allergy in the medical record are especially troublesome in acutely ill, hospitalized patients. A penicillin allergy label may lead to alternative or second line therapies resulting in adverse drug events, negative clinical outcomes and increased costs. Reconciling penicillin allergies is a necessity to facilitate early, optimal therapy and is a shared responsibility among the healthcare team. Penicillin skin testing (PST) has been utilized successfully in hospitalized patients to de-label erroneous penicillin allergies and optimize antibiotic therapy. This targeted review aims to discuss the practical development and implementation of PST in the inpatient setting. This includes a needs assessment checklist with common considerations allowing for customization to one’s institution based on available personnel, time, and technological resources.
Eustress with H2O2 Facilitates Plant Growth by Improving Tolerance to Salt Stress in Two Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Abdel Latef Arafat , Kordrostami Mojtaba , Zakir Ali , Zaki Hoida , Saleh Osama
Published: August 2019

In this study, the positive role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pretreatment in mitigating the adverse impacts of seawater stress has been evaluated in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely Gemmiza 11 as a salt-sensitive and Misr 1 as a salt-tolerant cultivar, with contrasting phenotypes in response to the salinity stress. Under normal conditions, wheat seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown significant effects on the improvement of plant growth parameters, such as dry weight and root and shoot lengths. Under salt stress conditions, seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown a reduction in damage to plant growth and physiological parameters as compared to the seeds kept as un-primed in both wheat cultivars. In addition, eustress of seeds with H2O2 has induced an increment in the pigments content, proline level and mineral uptake (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). Moreover, seeds eustress with H2O2 have shown significant decrement in Na+ content uptake in plants and that subsequently reduced lipid peroxidation. Seawater stress has increased the activity of the antioxidant system based on catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both cultivars, except POD in Gemmiza 11. Similarly, the application of H2O2 has further enhanced the activity of the antioxidant system in stressed plants and this enhancement of the antioxidant system further reduced Na+ content in plants and subsequently increased the growth parameters. Results of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers have shown clear differentiation among the treatments and have provided strong evidence in support of the hypothesis proposed in this study that H2O2 eustress improves seed tolerance and enhances plant growth parameters under seawater stress.
Early Season Drought Largely Reduces Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars with Smaller Root Systems
Authors: Figueroa-Bustos Victoria , Palta Jairo A. , Chen Yinglong , Siddique Kadambot H.M.
Published: August 2019

In the Australian grainbelt, early winter rainfall has declined during the last 30 years, and farmers sow their crops dry, increasing the risk of early season drought. This study aimed to examine whether differences in the root systems were associated with tolerance to early season drought. Three wheat cultivars with different root systems were grown in 1 m columns in a glasshouse. Immediately after sowing in dry soil, 440 mL water (equivalent to 25 mm rainfall) was supplied to each column, and no water was added to induce the early-season drought for the next 30 days. Shoot and root traits were measured at the end of the early season drought, anthesis and at maturity, respectively. The restricted water supply reduced Ψleaf, stomatal conductance, leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot and root biomass. Early season drought delayed phenology in all cultivars, but there was recovery of root and shoot biomass at anthesis in all three cultivars. Leaf area and shoot biomass at anthesis in Bahatans-87 (large root system) recovered better than Tincurrin (small root system). At maturity, early season drought reduced grain yield more in Tincurrin than Bahatans-87. The slow phenology of Bahatans-87 allowed greater recovery after the drought in leaf area and shoot biomass, which may explain the smaller reduction in grain yield after early season drought.
Extraction of Copper and Zinc from Waste Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Ajiboye Ayorinde Emmanuel , Olasehinde Folorunsho Emmanuel , Adebayo Ojo Albert , Ajayi Olubode John , Ghosh Malay Kumar , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: August 2019

The recovery of valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is crucial in order to harness their economic resources, and prevents potential environmental contamination. However, selective extraction of Cu and Zn, and the co-extraction of other metals as impurities at ambient temperature using selected lixiviants such as HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS), NaOH, and mixtures of NaCl and CuCl2 was studied. It is shown that the extraction efficiencies of all the metals increased with increases in lixiviant concentrations. High selectivity of Cu and Zn toward Fe were achieved in dilute H2SO4, HNO3, TFMS, and 0.5 M NaCl + 0.1 M CuCl2, and low dissolution of Pb (<5%) was observed in all H2SO4 lixiviants. Almost 100% Zn extraction using NaOH lixiviants without trace of other metals was achieved. Therefore, 0.5 M NaCl + 0.5 M CuCl2, 1.0 M HNO3, 0.5 M H2SO4, and 1.0 M TFMS showed high extraction selectivity toward Cu and Zn with low chemical consumption, and produced pregnant leach solution rich in Cu and Zn, as well as residue containing Fe, Ni, and other metals.
Evaluating the Drought-Monitoring Utility of Four Satellite-Based Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Products at Global Scale
Authors: Zhao Haigen , Ma Yanfei
Published: August 2019

This study simultaneously analyzed and evaluated the meteorological drought-monitoring utility of the following four satellite-based, quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis 3B43V7 (TRMM-3B43), the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique gauge-satellite blended product (CMORPH-BLD), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR). Data from 2000 to 2016 was used at global scale. The global Climate Research Unit (CRU) Version 4.02 was used as reference data to assess QPE products. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought index was chosen as an example to evaluate the drought utility of four QPE products. The results indicate that CHIRPS has the best performance in Europe, Oceania, and Africa; the PERSIANN-CDR has the best performance in North America, South America, and Asia; the CMORPH-BLD has the worst statistical indices in all continents. Although four QPE products showed satisfactory performance for most of the world according to SPEI statistics, poor drought monitoring ability occurred in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, the Tibetan plateau, the Himalayas, and Amazonia. The PERSIANN-CDR achieves the best performance of the four QPE products in most regions except for Africa; CHIRPS and TRMM-3B43 have comparable performances. According to the spatial probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR) of the SPEI, more than 50% of all drought events cannot be accurately identified by QPE products in regions with sparse gauge distribution. In other regions, such as the southeastern USA, southeastern China, and South Africa, QPE products capture more than 75% of drought events. Temporally, all datasets (except for CMORPH-BLD) can detect all typical drought events, namely, in the southeastern US in 2007, western Europe in 2003, Kenya in 2006, and Central Asia in 2008. The study concludes that CHIRPS and TRMM-3B43 can be used as near-real-time drought monitoring techniques whereas PERSIANN-CDR might be more suitable for long-term historical drought analysis.
Intellectual Structure of CORINE Land Cover Research Applications in Web of Science: A Europe-Wide Review
Authors: Bielecka Elzbieta , Jenerowicz Agnieszka
Published: August 2019

The objective of this paper is to manifest the intellectual and cognitive structure of CORINE Land Cover (CLC) research applications. Data from the Web of Science (WoS) was used to delimit publication on CLC during the period from 1985 until 2019 (29th April), retrieving a total of 873 documents. Through author citations, the origins and the most influential papers were identified. The main lines of research were identified from word co-occurrences extracted from the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the papers. In the view of both structures, it can be concluded that CORINE land cover constitutes a relatively young set of scientific data, with a constant expansion and a strongly interdisciplinary structure. The development of this application is dependent on the knowledge of such research areas as geography, remote sensing, ecology, forestry, agriculture, engineering, optics, and/or computer science. We believe that this information could be very useful for CLC users, as it reflects a large-scale analysis of the research lines of CLC and illuminates how research has changed over time in diverse areas of applications. Moreover, this study is intended to offer a useful tool for the CLC scientific community, showcasing the main research lines and the most noteworthy papers. Finally, the methodology used in this study can be replicated in many other fields of science to explore its intellectual and cognitive structure.
Reflexivity and Structural Positions: The Effects of Generation, Gender and Education
Authors: Golob Tea , Makarovič Matej
Published: August 2019

This article examines how reflexivity, as understood by Margaret Archer, is affected by the structural settings in the context of morphogenetic social and cultural transformations. It draws on the Slovenian national case as an example of swift structural and cultural shifts towards late modernity. For that purpose, we apply a new measurement tool developed through our previous research, which upgrades Archer’s existing ICONI model by distinguishing between the intensity and the concurrent practicing of the reflexivity modes within the inner dialogue. Based on a general national sample, we confirm not only the reflexivity changes from the older to the younger generations but also the role of education and gender in reflexivity levels and modes. We refer to the problem of deprivation and the importance of linking fractured reflexivity to the challenges, women are facing nowadays. Thus, the article confirms some of the critics of Archer’s work, demonstrating—despite significant individual differences—the clear impact of the individual’s background and her/his position in the social structure.
Semantic Icons: A Sentiment Analysis as a Contribution to Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Vázquez Loaiza Juan , Pérez-Torres Antonio , Díaz Contreras Karol
Published: August 2019

The construction of this research was developed to reflect the way information and communication technologies (ICT) have transformed the tourist distribution channel. This phenomenon has caused, in the first place, the direct interaction between tourists and tourism operators and, second, the appearance of real virtual intermediation actors, a situation that disadvantages the activity of traditional travel agencies and causes immersions in reintermediation processes at risk of compromising its permanence in the market. On the other hand, in a sustainable tourism context, this work represents an opportunity for intermediation agencies in terms of a value management practice as they can develop sustainable promotion processes that promote, for example, the protection of the territory, the conservation of resources, and cultural rescue. Therefore, according to travel agencies, to directly influence the distribution chain, we verified this work to demonstrate the use of digital language as a benefit in the design of sustainable tourism products. Thus, from the methodological discipline of discourse analysis, we created sets of words with semantic content that were valued through the sentiment scales of the Facebook social media network. The results showed that digital promotion favors airline companies and hostels more than a sustainable tourism environment as such. Finally, from the study of probability and density equations, predictive models were used to configure linguistic icons in promoting sustainable tourism.
Agricultural Land Abandonment and Farmers’ Perceptions of Land Use Change in the Indus Plains of Pakistan: A Case Study of Sindh Province
Authors: Rajpar Habibullah , Zhang Anlu , Razzaq Amar , Mehmood Khalid , Pirzado Maula Bux , Hu Weiyan
Published: August 2019

Agriculture is the mainstay of Pakistan’s economy. However, it has been noticed that farmers are increasingly giving up agriculture in favor of non-agricultural activities. This study was conducted in the Khairpur district of Sindh province, which is part of the Indus Plains in Pakistan. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the current and future land use change (LUC) trends and to study farmers’ perceptions of the causes and consequences of LUC and agricultural land abandonment (ALA) in the study area. The study used field survey data and secondary data obtained from the government sources. The results show that agricultural land in the region has decreased by about 9% in the past two decades. Survey data analysis confirms this because more than 80% of farmers believe that agricultural land in the area has declined over time. In addition, farmers believe that socioeconomic and environmental changes are the main reasons for LUC and ALA. We used a logistic regression model to determine the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to sell agricultural land for other uses. The results show that the age, income, land ownership, farm inheritance by successors, social networks and lack of basic facilities in the study area are the main determinants of farmers’ decisions to sell agricultural lands. In particular, farmers’ integration into the social network and their belief that the farm will be inherited by heirs reduces the possibility of selling land. As for the consequences of LUC and ALA, the results indicate that farmland prices, weeds infestation, urban diffusion, and pressure on existing infrastructure have increased in the study area. In addition, the results show that the prospects of farming in the area remain grim as most farmers indicated that they were willing to abandon agricultural lands in favor of other revenue generation activities. The study suggests that policymakers should pay close attention to controlling rapid LUC and ALA to keep lands green.
Insights into the Diversity of Secondary Metabolites of Planktothrix Using a Biphasic Approach Combining Global Genomics and Metabolomics
Authors: Kim Tiam Sandra , Gugger Muriel , Demay Justine , Le Manach Séverine , Duval Charlotte , Bernard Cécile , Marie Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Cyanobacteria are an ancient lineage of slow-growing photosynthetic bacteria and a prolific source of natural products with diverse chemical structures and potent biological activities and toxicities. The chemical identification of these compounds remains a major bottleneck. Strategies that can prioritize the most prolific strains and novel compounds are of great interest. Here, we combine chemical analysis and genomics to investigate the chemodiversity of secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within some cyanobacteria. Planktothrix being a cyanobacterial genus known to form blooms worldwide and to produce a broad spectrum of toxins and other bioactive compounds, we applied this combined approach on four closely related strains of Planktothrix. The chemical diversity of the metabolites produced by the four strains was evaluated using an untargeted metabolomics strategy with high-resolution LC–MS. Metabolite profiles were correlated with the potential of metabolite production identified by genomics for the different strains. Although, the Planktothrix strains present a global similarity in terms of a biosynthetic cluster gene for microcystin, aeruginosin, and prenylagaramide for example, we found remarkable strain-specific chemodiversity. Only few of the chemical features were common to the four studied strains. Additionally, the MS/MS data were analyzed using Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) to identify molecular families of the same biosynthetic origin. In conclusion, we depict an efficient, integrative strategy for elucidating the chemical diversity of a given genus and link the data obtained from analytical chemistry to biosynthetic genes of cyanobacteria.
Long-Term Immunogenicity and Efficacy of the Oral Rabies Virus Vaccine Strain SPBN GASGAS in Foxes
Authors: Freuling Conrad M. , te Kamp Verena , Klein Antonia , Günther Maria , Zaeck Luca , Potratz Madlin , Eggerbauer Elisa , Bobe Katharina , Kaiser Christian , Kretzschmar Antje , Ortmann Steffen , Schuster Peter , Vos Adriaan , Finke Stefan , Müller Thomas
Published: August 2019

To evaluate the long-term immunogenicity of the live-attenuated, oral rabies vaccine SPBN GASGAS in a full good clinical practice (GCP) compliant study, forty-six (46) healthy, seronegative red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were allocated to two treatment groups: group 1 (n = 31) received a vaccine bait containing 1.7 ml of the vaccine of minimum potency (106.6 FFU/mL) and group 2 (n = 15) received a placebo-bait. In total, 29 animals of group 1 and 14 animals of group 2 were challenged at 12 months post-vaccination with a fox rabies virus isolate (103.0 MICLD50/mL). While 90% of the animals offered a vaccine bait resisted the challenge, only one animal (7%) of the controls survived. All animals that had seroconverted following vaccination survived the challenge infection at 12 months post-vaccination. Rabies specific antibodies could be detected as early as 14 days post-vaccination. Based on the kinetics of the antibody response to SPBN GASGAS as measured in ELISA and RFFIT, the animals maintained stable antibody titres during the 12-month pre-challenge observation period at a high level. The results indicate that successful vaccination using the oral route with this new rabies virus vaccine strain confers long-term duration of immunity beyond one year, meeting the same requirements as for licensure as laid down by the European Pharmacopoeia.
Levantine Intermediate and Levantine Deep Water Formation: An Argo Float Study from 2001 to 2017
Authors: Kubin Elisabeth , Poulain Pierre-Marie , Mauri Elena , Menna Milena , Notarstefano Giulio
Published: August 2019

Levantine intermediate water (LIW) is formed in the Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) and spreads throughout the Mediterranean at intermediate depths, following the general circulation. The LIW, characterized by high salinity and relatively high temperatures, is one of the main contributors of the Mediterranean Overturning Circulation and influences the mechanisms of deep water formation in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean sub-basins. In this study, the LIW and Levantine deep water (LDW) formation processes are investigated using Argo float data from 2001 to 2017 in the Northwestern Levantine Sea (NWLS), the larger area around Rhodes Gyre (RG). To find pronounced events of LIW and LDW formation, more than 800 Argo profiles were analyzed visually. Events of LIW and LDW formation captured by the Argo float data are compared to buoyancy, heat and freshwater fluxes, sea surface height (SSH), and sea surface temperature (SST). All pronounced events (with a mixed layer depth (MLD) deeper than 250 m) of dense water formation were characterized by low surface temperatures and strongly negative SSH. The formation of intermediate water with typical LIW characteristics (potential temperature > 15 °C, salinity > 39 psu) occurred mainly along the Northern coastline, while LDW formation (13.7 °C < potential temperature < 14.5 °C, 38.8 psu < salinity < 38.9 psu) occurred during strong convection events within temporary and strongly depressed mesoscale eddies in the center of RG. This study reveals and confirms the important contribution of boundary currents in ventilating the interior ocean and therefore underlines the need to rethink the drivers and contributors of the thermohaline circulation of the Mediterranean Sea.
Pendampingan HKI Karya Invensi Guru dan Siswa di SMK Lemuria Kudus
Authors: Arifin Zainul , Arifin Miftah , Wibowo Purwo Adi
Published: August 2019

UNISNU Community Service Activities Based on Fostered Schools aims to provide assistance, development of work and determination of work to identify inventions of the work of teachers and students at the Kudus Lemuria Vocational School of Furniture Engineering to submit a Intellectual Property Rights request of their invention. The output of this activity are : 1) increasing the effectiveness and innovation of teachers & students to work inventions; 2) increasing partner understanding of the work of invention 3) increasing the teacher's ability in making inventions. The program was carried out by the UNISNU HKI Center with the methods are socialization and assistance in registering the work of teacher and student inventions. Activity stages are: 1) Preparation Phase; 2) Assessment Phase; 3) Planning or Alternative Program Planning Phase; 4) Action Plan Phase; 5) Program or Activity Implementation Phase; 6) Evaluation Phase. The results of this service are: 1) awareness of the importance of copyright protection in the work produced, 2) identified works owned 3) willingness to submit legal protection to the works produced and Copyright certificates from the Director General of Intellectual Property Ministry of Law and Human Right.
Pemberdayaan Remaja Desa Tahunan Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang dengan Keterampilan Karawitan, Dalang dan Seni Tari Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Angka Kemiskinan
Authors: Tahwin Muhammad , Sari Dian Anita
Published: August 2019

These community service activities are carried out in the Tahunan Village, Sale District, Rembang. The existence of arts groups in the village still requires assistance from human resource such as trainer. Therefore, this service aims to 1) strengthen the position of the arts group to be more empowered; 2) increasing the number of group members from young people; 3) improve the skills of group members in musical, orchestrating, and dancing; and 4) increase the income of group members. The method used in this community service program is training and mentoring. The results of this program are: 1) The arts group already has a name and routinely conducts meetings and training activities; 2) members of group from the school age and young adults are increasing; 3) the art group is known outside the Sale District and gets a performance offer.
Program Pelatihan Jurnalistik Sekolah di MA NU Tengguli Kecamatan Bangsri Kabupaten Jepara
Authors: Murniati Murniati , Muslimin Khoirul , Wahab Abdul , Fajrie Mahfudlah
Published: August 2019

The journalistic school service activities were carried out at MA NU Tengguli. This school has students who have the potential to write, both writing short stories, poetry, and poetry but are not structured and do not meet the standard rules of writing. Besides the ability to write news or opinions and articles not yet seen. The aim of this services is to increase the journalism skill of the students there. Based on the analysis, the activities carried out are 1) News writing training; 2) Training on making press releases; 3) Training on layout and editing of scripts. The results obtained are 1) Students are able to arrange interview questions and write in the form of reportage; 2) students are able to make news; 3) students are able to make press releases and understand the functions of public relations; 4) students are able to make simple layouts for wall magazines and do editing of scripts.
ATRASO VACINAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE BARBACENA (MG): CONTEXTUALIZANDO O PROBLEMA
Authors: Macedo Lívia Maria , Gomes Maira Magalhães , Madureira Maria Letícia Lima , Lemos Nívia Brant , Lucinda Leda Marília Fonseca , Araújo Sônia Torres Horta de
Published: August 2019

Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) visa controlar ou erradicar doenças infectocontagiosas através de coberturas vacinais. Entretanto, há fatores que dificultam a vacinação. Este estudo procurou avaliarquais vacinas apresentaram maior atraso entre crianças de 0-5 anos incompletos e os principais motivos desses atrasos, bem como os dados socioeconômicos das respectivas mães nos três principais postos de saúde de Barbacena nos dias “D” das campanhas nacionais. Materiais e métodos: Estudo de corte transversal referente às crianças com atraso vacinal durante os dias “D” das campanhas nacionais contra poliomielite realizadas em 2014 e 2015. Os critérios de exclusão foram a não aceitação em participar da pesquisa, crianças com idade fora da faixa etária do estudo e aquelas que não apresentaram cartão. Resultados: Foram encontradas 112 crianças com atraso. Quando avaliadas as vacinas, notou-se que a prevalência de atraso foi da DTP-48 meses e da triviral-15 meses. Quanto aos motivos, destacaram-se presença de sintomas, desconhecimento e esquecimento. Orientação profissional e falta de vacina no posto também tiveram relevância. Conclusão: Foram encontrados atrasos na maioria das vacinas. Motivos que merecem destaque são a orientação profissional e falta de vacina. Provavelmente, o problema foi a falta de informação adequada. Entretanto, é necessário expandir o estudo.
PERFIL DAS PACIENTES INVESTIGADAS POR SANGRAMENTO PÓS-MENOPAUSA NO HOSPITAL JÚLIA KUBITSCHEK NOS ANOS DE 2010 A 2014
Authors: Flávia Rodrigues Faria  , Eduardo Siqueira Fernandes
Published: August 2019

Introdução: Câncer de endométrio é o mais prevalente do trato genital feminino nos países desenvolvidos ocidentais e se manifesta principalmente por sangramento. Na vigência de sangramento na pós-menopausa, investigação adicional do endométrio deve ser realizada com ultrassonografia e, se indicado, biópsia endometrial. Objetivo: traçar perfil das pacientes investigadas por sangramento pós-menopausa, com espessamento endometrial e verificar a relação entre espessamento endometrial e câncer de endométrio. Metodologia: Estudo transversal retrospectivo realizado através da análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidas a curetagem semiótica e/ou histeroscopia cirúrgica, entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2014, no Hospital Julia Kubitschek/FHEMIG. Variáveis analisadas: idade da paciente; etnia; nível educacional; paridade; idade da menarca; idade da menopausa; doenças associadas; método diagnóstico para câncer endometrial e espessura endometrial no momento do diagnóstico do câncer. Resultados: mediana de idade foi 58,5 anos, maioria das pacientes de etnia parda e ensino fundamental incompleto. Média da menarca e menopausa: 13,4 e 48,3 anos, respectivamente. Maioria das pacientes foram multíparas e os fatores de risco associados a câncer de endométrio foram diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial e colelitíase. Procedimentos diagnósticos mais utilizados: histeroscopia cirúrgica (43,9%), curetagem semiótica (28,8%) e histeroscopia diagnóstica associada à curetagem semiótica (10,6%). Pouco mais da metade dos procedimentos foi realizado em pacientes com endométrio de 5,0 a 10,0mm (51,5%) e o diagnóstico de câncer foi feito em sete casos, com espessura endometrial média de 12,4mm. Conclusão: Não houve associação entre faixa de espessamento endometrial e câncer de endométrio, sendo o método mais utilizado, a histeroscopia cirúrgica.
A evolução das formas gramaticais
Authors: Meillet Antoine
Published: August 2019

Novas formas gramaticais podem ser constituídas em determinada língua a partir de dois procedimentos: a inovação analógica e a atribuição de caráter gramatical a uma palavra antes autônoma (gramaticalização). Nenhum idioma autoriza o resgate de formas gramaticais primitivas, uma vez que a criação de uma nova uma forma gramatical só pode acontecer no interior de uma língua cuja organização gramatical já está completa. Tal busca pela forma primitiva, contudo, levou a linguística a se voltar principalmente para o estudo da analogia. Excluindo esta tendência, este artigo se dedica à análise do segundo procedimento: a gramaticalização, combinada à maneira de agrupar palavras em uma língua e à necessidade que tem o falante de ser expressivo.  Palavras-chave: Antoine Meillet; evolução das formas gramaticais, gramaticalização.  Résumé: Dans une langue donnée, des nouvelles formes grammaticales peuvent être constituées par deux procédés différents : l’innovation analogique et l’attribution d’un caractère grammatical à un mot auparavant autonome (c’est ce qu’on appelle « grammaticalisation »). Aucun idiome ne permet qu’on retrace ses formes grammaticales primitives, puisque la création d’une nouvelle forme grammaticale n’est possible qu’à l’intérieur d’une langue dont l’organisation grammaticale est complète. La recherche d’une forme primitive cependant a mené des linguistes à se consacrer surtout à l’étude de l’analogie. Tout en excluant cette tendance, cet article s’occupe de l’analyse du deuxième procédé : la grammaticalisation, associée aux manières dont on groupe les mots dans une langue et au besoin qu’a le sujet parlant d’être expressif. Mots-clés: Antoine Meillet; évolution des formes grammaticales; grammaticalisation.
Vamos brincar, jogar e criar com prazer nas aulas de matemática no curso de Pedagogia!
Authors: Oliveira Sandra Alves de
Published: August 2019

Este relato de experiência tem por objetivo compartilhar alguns momentos experienciados nas aulas de matemática pelos estudantes do 7° semestre dos turnos matutino e noturno do curso de Pedagogia do Departamento de Educação de Guanambi – Campus XII da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), no componente curricular: Fundamentos Teóricos Metodológicos do Ensino de Matemática, no período 2016.1. As atividades lúdicas matemáticas (dinâmicas, brincadeiras, jogos e elaboração de situações-problema) desenvolvidas nos encontros formativos propiciaram reflexões sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática na educação básica e sobre a importância de vivenciar o conhecimento teórico e prático no percurso da formação, para pôr em prática os conhecimentos adquiridos na teoria. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho partiu da análise dos diários reflexivos produzidos pelos estudantes no período de julho a dezembro de 2016, no componente curricular já mencionado. Essa análise evidenciou a relevância da formação matemática no contexto do curso de Pedagogia para o desenvolvimento profissional dos futuros professores, na dimensão do trabalho colaborativo, ao proporcionar-lhes o compartilhamento de suas experiências, saberes e aprendizagens da prática pedagógica. Os resultados apontam a importância das vivências lúdicas matemáticas para a formação docente, pela mobilização e pela construção dos saberes da prática pedagógica e pela inserção do licenciando no âmbito escolar, para aprender a docência e ressignificar a própria prática pedagógica.
Primeiro registro da vespa parasitoide Pachysomoides, associada a ninhos de Mischocyttarus cerberus e alguns comentários sobre o comportamento da espécie de vespa parasitoide
Authors: Da Silva Rafael Carvalho , Da Silva Amanda Prato , Assis Diego Santana , Nascimento Fabio Santos
Published: August 2019

In this work, we are reporting, for the first time, a parasitoid wasp associated to the nests of Mischocyttarus cerberus, also we provide information concerning the parasitoid behavior when close to its host. We believe that the parasitism process is not easily accomplished, because the host resident females keep guarding and attacking whenever they detect any kind of parasitoid approach. Our results provide more detailed and important information about the host-parasitoid interaction behavior involving the Pachysomoides sp. and M. cerberus, which so far is scarce scientific literature.
Analisis Kinerja, Kualitas Data, dan Usability pada Penggunaan CAPI untuk Kegiatan Sensus/Survey
Authors: Takdir Takdir
Published: August 2019

Pengumpulan data merupakan suatu tahapan pada Sensus/Survey yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan Sensus/Survey. Prosesnya yang memakan waktu lama akan mengakibatkan data yang disajikan tidak relevan dengan kondisi pada saat pelaksanaan. Dengan Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI), proses entri data dapat dilakukan pada saat proses interview berlangsung. Hal ini mempersingkat tahapan pengumpulan data hingga data tersedia pada sistem komputer dan siap untuk dianalisis. Pada penelitian ini, indikator-indikator penting penentu keberhasilan penerapan CAPI, yakni kinerja, kualitas data, dan usability diukur untuk melihat sejauh mana CAPI memberikan penyempurnaan pada pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi, baik dari segi konsep, maupun teknis, mengenai desain CAPI untuk kegiatan sensus/survey.
Beras Atau Rokok?
Authors: Supriadi Andri Yudhi , Rusyiana Aris
Published: August 2019

Fakta bahwa di beberapa negara berkembang, konsumsi rokok menimbulkan beban ekonomis yang signifikan (Toukan, 2016; Block dan Webb, 2009). Juga, untuk konteks Indonesia kontemporer, Kepala BPS mengatakan  bahwa belanja rokok merupakan pengeluaran kedua terbesar dan memberikan kontribusi nyata terhadap angka kemiskinan nasional. Namun, kajian kontemporer yang secara komprehensif membahas beras dan rokok terhadap kemiskinan belum banyak dibahas. Celah penelitian tersebut menjadi dasar bagi kami untuk melakukan kajian mengenai hubungan konsumsi beras dan pengeluaran potensial rokok di antara rumah tangga miskin di Indonesia 2014. Untuk keperluan telaah kajian penelitian ini, kami membagi kategori rumah tangga berdasarkan tempat tinggal (perdesaan/perkotaan), rumah tangga dengan banyak anggota rumah tangga usia dewasa (di atas 15 tahun), dsb. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisa apakah rumah tangga miskin lebih memilih mengurangi konsumsi beras dibanding mengurangi konsumsi rokok .Untuk kajian ini, kami menggunakan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional tahun 2014. Dengan menggunakan Model Regresi Linier Berganda, kami menggunakan sampel rumah tangga yang memiliki anggota rumah tangga dewasa yang merokok (NIndonesia = 285.371). Hasil penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga miskin yang memiliki anggota rumah tangga perokok secara rata-rata mengkonsumsi beras relatif lebih sedikit dibandingkan rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki anggota rumah tangga perokok, baik yang termasuk kategori miskin maupun tidak. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa rumah tangga miskin lebih memprioritaskan konsumsi rokok dibandingkan konsumsi beras.
On the Theological-Practical Importance of the Relation between a Scientific Paradigm of Understanding of Man, the World and the Universe and the Paradigm of Faith
Authors: Vranješ Nikola
Published: August 2019

One of the most actual theological and cultural questions nowadays is the question of a harmonious relation between the scientific-technological paradigm of the understanding of man, the world and the universe and the paradigm of faith. This question does not just have relevance of a biblical, dogmatic or ethical-moral nature, but it also has the relevance of a theological-practical or pastoral nature as well. This theological-practical field of discernment of the relation that is pointed out above is the primary object of this article. Undertaking a discernment of this kind, it is possible to start with the problem of the so-called cosmic pessimism. This problem has immeasurable consequences in the cultural and practical area of life and many other problems are connected to it. On the theological side of the coin, many segments of understanding the faith with respect to the paradigm of science today do not always show an attempt at the harmonious fitting of the elements of the faith into the totality of the realization of life. There is the issue of developing theology in the modern and postmodern periods and the often lack of recognition of the scientific picture of the world. There are also some other theological elements which are very challenging regarding this entire debate, such as the question of the motives for genuine moral living, relations to people with different beliefs and worldviews, some practical issues regarding the models of evangelization, and practical actions of the parish and the other Church communities, etc.
On the Exponentiated Weibull Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: ELGARHY Mohammed
Published: August 2019

A new four-parameter probability model, referred to the exponentiated Weibull Rayleigh (EWR) distribution, is introduced. Essential statistical properties of the distribution are considered. The maximum likelihood estimators of population parameters are given in case of complete sample. Simulation study is carried out to estimate the model parameters of EWR distribution. Additionally, parameter estimators are given in case of Type II censored samples. We come up with two applications to confirm the usefulness of the proposed distribution.
Fault Classification in Transmission Systems using Wavelet Transform
Authors: Avagaddı Prasad , Edward J Belwin
Published: August 2019

Fault analysis is a prime apprehension in power system. This article elaborates an appropriate approach for detection of faults and wavelet technique is used for classification of faults in overhead lines. This method uses only measurements of post fault currents at single end of the line for fault analysis. To validate the efficacy of this method, simulations have been performed under various conditions of fault occurrence using MATLAB and the obtained outcomes are compared with fuzzy logic technique. The outcomes attained are promising and as well accuracy improved in classification.
Novel Technique to Measure Moisture Content of Paddy and the Error Correction
Authors: Nathk Divya , Ramanathan Prabhu
Published: August 2019

The moisture content in agricultural products is very critical. The presence of moisture also affects the quality of agricultural products like rice, wheat, nuts etc. Moisture content in food grains should be reduced and made optimum value otherwise it would encourage fungi development. The development of fungus makes the grain useless. For measuring the capacitance of paddy grains, designed integrated circuit was interfaced with the PC. The arrangement used is a high precision impedance converter. It is a 12 bit frequency generator and 1 Mega samples / sec analog to digital converter. Frequency sweep can be done using the circuit. This converter is interfaced with PC to measure the capacitance of paddy. Initially ceramic capacitors of different values were used to check the designed circuit. Then using the designed circuit, capacitance of representative amount of samples was measured and calculated the moisture content from the obtained readings. The technique is fast, simple, accurate and non-destructive method. Though the method is accurate, there is a slight variation in decimal points and the error was also corrected using Matlab.
Virtual Security Functions and Their Placement in Software Defined Networks: A Survey
Authors: DEMIRCI Sedef , DEMIRCI Mehmet , SAGIROGLU Seref
Published: August 2019

Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) are two important technologies gaining prominence thanks to their benefits for improving the flexibility and cost efficiency in networks. These technologies have been utilized extensively for providing new age security solutions in recent years. Through the use of SDN and NFV, network security functions are virtualized and deployed in a hardware-independent manner, thus reducing costs as well as enabling faster innovations and developments. Functions virtualized with NFV such as firewall, deep packet inspection, intrusion detection systems etc. can reside as applications in the SDN architecture. The issue of where to place these functions in the network is an important problem discussed in the literature. When placing these functions, objectives such as efficient use of network resources, energy consumption, cost, network load, delay etc. must be considered for each function, in addition to ensuring that network security requirements are met. This paper provides a critical survey on the placement of virtualized network security functions in software defined networks and identifies open problems in this field. We briefly describe SDN and NFV technologies, touch upon the relationship between them, exemplify and review the most common virtual security functions in SDN. We also examine and compare the studies on the optimal placement of virtual security functions. Finally, we identify several open research challenges in this area and suggest potential future directions to be considered by researchers.
Generalized Regression-Cum-Exponential Estimators Using Two Auxiliary Variables for Population Variance in Simple Random Sampling
Authors: RIAZ Naureen , NOUMAN QURESHI Muhammad , HANIF Muhammad
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we proposed two generalized regression-cum-exponential type estimators for the estimation of finite population variance using the information of mean and variance of the auxiliary variables in simple random sampling (SRS). The expressions of approximate bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimators are derived. Many special cases of the proposed estimators are obtained by using different combinations of real numbers and some conventional parameters of the auxiliary variables. Algebraic comparisons of the proposed estimators have been made with some available estimators. From the numerical study, we analyzed that the proposed estimators perform well than the existing estimators available in the literature.
Hyperbolic Horadam Functions
Authors: BAHSI Mustafa , SOLAK Suleyman
Published: August 2019

This article introduce hyperbolic functions connected to Horadam sequence. That is, we define hyperbolic Horadam functions and present their hyperbolic and recursive properties. We give some geometrical properties of hyperbolic Horadam functions.
Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optic and Elastic Properties of Perovskite RbGeCl3 Crystal: A First Principles Study
Authors: ERDINC Fatma , KILIT DOGAN Emel , AKKUS Harun
Published: August 2019

Some physical properties of RbGeCl3 crystal are investigated with ABINIT computer program within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA), using density functional theory (DFT). We studied the geometry optimization, electronic band structure, electron density of states, optical properties such as the dielectric functions, reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficients, energy-loss functions for volume, the effective number of valence electrons per unit cell and elastic properties of RbGeCl3. The calculated electronic band structure shows that the RbGeCl3 has a direct band gap and this compound is a semiconducting material with a wide bandgap.
A Survey of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Palynology of Endemic Bornmuellera kiyakii and B. glabrescens (Brassicaceae) From Turkey
Authors: YILMAZ CITAK Burcu , DURAL Huseyin , GONEN Burcu
Published: August 2019

In the present study, the morphological, anatomical, and palynological properties of 2 Bornmuellera Hausskn. taxa, which are endemic to Turkey, were examined. B. kiyakii Aytac & Aksoy is known from the province of Konya, growing in serpentine areas, and B. glabrescens (Boiss. & Balansa) Cullen & T. R. Dudley is known from the province of Niğde. Through morphological analyses, the characteristics of the taxa were designated and the descriptions were expanded. The morphology of the stem, leaf, trichomes, and capsule are essential to separate the examined taxa. The anatomical analyses showed that the taxa had similar anatomical root, stem, and leaf tissue layers; however, their rows, and mesophyll thickness were different between the taxa. Anatomical traits, such as the presence of an endodermis in B. kiyakii, the pith region in the cross-sections of the stems, linear-shaped leaf in B. glabrescens, and triangular-shaped leaf in B. kiyakii have taxonomic importance. The pollen grains of the studied taxa were tricolpate, isopolar, and radial symmetrical, prolate-spheroidal, and had reticulate ornamentation. The fruit of B. kiyakii were characterized by globose, asymmetrical, and yellow-purplish-pink valves with rugose ornamentation, which clearly differed from that of B. glabrescens, which had ovoid, symmetrical, and light green-yellow valves. The seed traits clearly appeared to have taxonomic significance. The seeds of B. glabrescens were orbicular-shaped, yellowish-brown in colour, with reticulate ornamentation; however, the seeds of B. kiyakii were oblong–elliptic-shaped, and the tile was red-brown in colour.
Wind Speed Clustering Using Linkage-Ward Method: A Case Study of Khaaf, Iran
Authors: AZIZI Elnaz , KHARRATI-SHISHAVAN Hamed , MOHAMMADI-IVATLOO Behnam , MOHAMMADPOUR SHOTORBANI Amin
Published: August 2019

The use of renewable energy for providing electricity is growing rapidly.
Among others, wind power is one of the most appealing energy sources. The wind speed
has direct impact on the generated wind power and this causes the necessity of wind
speed forecasting. For better power system planning and operation, we need to
forecast the available wind power. Wind power is volatile and intermittent over
the year. For getting better insight and a tractable optimization problem for
different decision making problems in presence of wind power generation, it is
required to cluster the possible wind power generation scenarios. This article
presents probabilistic wind speed clustering prototype for wind speed data of
Khaaf, Iran. This region is known as one of the high potential wind sites in
Iran and several wind farm projects is planned in this area. The average speed
of wind for a ten-minute period measured at height of 40m over a year (2008) is
used for clustering. From the result of this research, the most appropriate
probabilistic model for the wind speed can be obtained.
Bromination of 1,2-Dimethylenecyclohexane: Temperature Effect on Product Distribution
Authors: ALTUNDAS Aliye
Published: August 2019

In this study the electrophlic addition of bromine to an exocyclic diene, 1,2 dimethylenecyclohexane, was investigated. The bromination of 1,2-dimethylenecyclohexane yielded 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cylohex-1-en at low temperature. Nevertheless, the bromination of 1,2-dimethylenecyclohexane at room temperature gave 1,4 addition product 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cylohex-1-en as a main product together with 1-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-methylenecylohexane and 3-bromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene. Similarly, high temperature bromination of 1,2-bismethylenecyclohexane gave the radical bromination products (3-bromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene and 3,6-dibromo-1,2- bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene) in addition to the 1,4 addition product. While the bromination of exocylicdiene at room temperature with excess bromine gave tetrabrominated product 1,2-dibromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohexane as a sole product, the bromination of exocyclicdiene in high temperature with excess bromine resulted in a tetra brominated product 1,2-dibromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohexane and the three brominated product 3-bromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene together with the radicalic tetrabrominated product 3,6-dibromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene as main products. However, the high temperature bromination of 1,4 brominated product with excess bromine provided only the radicalic brominated product 3-bromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene and 3,6-dibromo-1,2-bis(bromomethyl)cyclohex-1-ene.Thus the functional agents which can be used as starting material in the synthesis ofmany compounds were synthesized, purified and characterized.