bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis of venture teams of technology-based firms
Authors: Alzate Alvarado Ana Lucia , Ribes Giner Gabriela , Moya Clemente Ismael
Published: February 2022

Due to its growing impact on the economic development of countries, research on venture teams in new technology-based firms - TBFs has been increasing in recent years, seeking to identify the success and failure factors of this type of firms, given their high mortality rates. This paper analyzes the changes that have occurred in the intellectual structure of this discipline through the bibliometric analysis of research on the theme of venture teams in the new TBFs. The information collected was extracted from the main collection of the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases from 1987 to 2020. The Nvivo and VOSviewer softwares are used to perform the initial analyzesas well as the analysis of citations, co-citations , co-authorship, etc. The advances associated with the main authors, sources and countries, the general citation structure and the development of this field are presented. The results show a growing publication trend as of 2009, seeing a higher production of articles between 2014 and 2019. USA is the most influential country, followed by UK and Italy. The"Journal of Business Venturing" and "Technovation" are the most influential sources. The main contribution of this work is to show the evolution of this theme, so that researchers can use it in the future in their theoretical and research frameworks
Anthropogenic impacts on the Glowworm Cave, Waitomo, New Zealand: a microclimate management approach
Authors: Hendy Chris , Merritt David , Corkill Shannon
Published: February 2022

Waitomo Glowworm Cave is a highly visited cave where the highlight is viewing the bioluminescence display of a large colony of glowworms. The visitation levels result in the build-up of anthropogenic CO2, to the extent that it could cause corrosion of speleothems. The cave experiences chimney-effect ventilation with air flowing either upward or downward through the main cave chambers depending on air density differences between the cave and the outside environment. Lack of airflow leads to CO2 build-up; however, unrestricted airflow can draw in cool, dry air which is harmful to the glowworms. Consequently, airflow is managed by controlling the opening and closing of a door that seals the upper-most entrance, preventing ventilation under drying conditions and promoting ventilation when it is necessary to clear CO2 and when inflowing air has high relative humidity. A network of microclimate sensors in the cave allows prediction and management of the ventilation pattern. Management leads to asymmetric airflow through the year, which has a flow-on effect on cave temperature. Microclimate monitoring supports the current management practices that use door control to enhance cave ventilation when people are in the cave. Suppressing airflow, especially in winter, reduces the introduction of dry air.
Analisis Strategi Memasuki Pasar Internasional
Authors: Nuri Aslami Putri Ramadhani,
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the motive for "going International SGMW, the Market Entry Mode chosen by SGMW, the reason for SGMW choosing Indonesia as its production base and knowing the segmentation, targeting, positioning and branding marketing strategies applied by SGMW in Indonesia. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach using SWOT analysis and SWOT matrix. The results showed that the strategy applied by Wuling Motors in entering the international market was to apply the Aggressive strategy. From the results of data analysis with the SWOT matrix, it can be seen that Wuling Motors has higher strengths than weaknesses. From the results of data analysis with the SWOT matrix, it can be seen that opportunities are higher than threats. Based on these results, the appropriate strategy to be applied to Wuling Motors is the Wuling Motors Aggressive Strategy by conducting market penetration, market development and product development.
Analysis of Organizational Culture at PT. Bank Sumut Conventional Sub-Branch Office Medan
Authors: Linda Trimurni Maas Dina Annisa Rambe, Harmein Nasution,
Published: February 2022

Within the organization, values are a source of strength, energy and motivation that can unite various views on behavior in order to form a strong organizational culture. One way to measure the effectiveness of a company's organizational culture is to use the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). This study aims to analyze the dominant type of organizational culture and to evaluate the type of organizational culture expected by the employees of PT Bank Sumut Conventional Sub-Branch Office Medan. Sampling in this study using the Nonprobability sampling method with the Accidental Sampling technique , the number of samples that will be used as respondents in this study is 144 people. The results of this study show that the current dominant cultural profile is a culture that focuses on emphasizing innovation, creativity, and the discovery of something new, namely the Adhocracy culture and for the cultural profile that is expected to be dominant in the future is a culture that focuses on human resource development, loyalty and function of the company as a family, namely the Clan culture. This cultural profile picture can be used as a company for policy making in accordance with the vision, mission, and goals of PT Bank Sumut Conventional Sub-Branch Office Medan Region
Analysis of The Influence of Timely Submission of Financial Statements of Transportation Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2021
Authors: Nur Fadhilah Ahmad Hasibuan Rahmat Putra Ahmad Hasibuan,
Published: February 2022

The objective of the research was to find out and to analyze the influence profitability, leverage, liquidity, company size, auditor opinion and and KAP reputation partially on the timeliness of the submission of financial statements to transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study were 30 transportation companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2017 - 2021. Samples were selected using saturated samples where all populations were included as samples. Data were processed using logistic regression test at a significance level of 5 percent using SPSS. The results of the study found empirical evidence that the variables of profitability, liquidity and auditor opinion affect the timeliness of the submission of financial statements. while the leverage variable, company size and KAP reputation do not have a significant effect on the timeliness of the submission of financial statements.
Snowball Throwing Learning Model : Increase Student Activity And Learning Outcomes
Authors: Manalu Kartika , Sari Tambunan Efrida Pima , Permata Sari Oki
Published: February 2022

This study aims to describe the snowball throwing learning model to increase student activity and learning outcomes. In this study, the method used was an experimental type using a quasi-experimental approach. Data collection techniques with the help of questionnaires, tests and documentation. To test the data analysis using the normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing. The results of the study showed that there was a stimulus to student learning activity that was influenced by the Snowball Throwing learning model. It was indicated by an increase in the active category of 65.6%. Active learning using the Snowball Throwing model Also shows the very active category in the experimental class with a percentage of 95.6%. Learning with the Snowball Throwing method also affects the value of learning outcomes, there is an increase in the value from the category that does not meet the KKM score to a good category in meeting the KKM score. Based on the t-test obtained with a value of 7.424 > t-table 2.001, it shows that the Snowball Throwing learning model has contributed to the effectiveness and learning outcomes of students in class VIII Mts 1 PAB Helvetia, Deli Serdang Regency.
Saúde Mental em Jovens Adultos: O Impacto da Pandemia COVID‐19
Authors: Carneiro Luísa , Oliveira Ana Luísa , Cunha Fernanda , Castro Liliana , Lima José , Simões Catarina , Ribeiro Cristina
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Os jovens adultos tendem a ser considerados como uma população com um bom estado de saúde. No entanto, nos últimos tempos, a transição da adolescência para a idade adulta tem sido foco de atenção para implementar estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi perceber o estado da saúde de uma população jovem adulta a frequentar o ensino universitário e de que forma a pandemia por COVID‐19 teve impacto nas diferentes dimensões do quotidiano, nomeadamente no bem‐estar e na saúde mental.
Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário que foi difundido via eletrónica por jovens do ensino universitário e foram obtidas 149 respostas.
Resultados: Os alunos demonstraram alguns sentimentos de baixa realização pessoal (28%), sentimentos de solidão (26%), sentimentos de depressão (42%), falta de confiança em si próprio (17%) e alguns sentem que os seus níveis de energia são baixos ou extremamente baixos (26%). O contexto pandémico trouxe vários desafios aos jovens adultosque sentiram dificuldade em fazer novas amizades (94%), a perceção de sentimentos de nervosismo, ansiedade ou tensão durante o confinamento foi reportada por 51% dos alunos e a incapacidade em controlar as suas preocupações ou emoções foi reportada por 43%.
Conclusão: Vários estudos relatam alterações mentais que podem desenvolver‐se ou agravar‐se após eventos traumáticos como uma pandemia, estando os resultados do nosso estudo em linha com essa evidência. Sentimentos de nervosismo, tensão e ansiedade, assim como dificuldade em controlar as emoções, surgiram em associação à pandemia, enfatizando a necessidade de desenvolver estratégias de saúde que deem respostas a estas necessidades emergentes.
The effect of homoeopathic B-lactamase nosode on staphylococcus aureus
Authors:   , Madel Fritz Johann
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to administer a Homoeopathic nosode in conjunction with penicillin, to a penicillin resistant bacterial strain. It was hypothesized that the Homoeopathic nosode, derived from penicillin resistant bacteria that secrete B-Iactamase which is used to prevent the actions of penicillin on the bacteria, will either increase or decrease the secretion of B-Iactamase produced by these bacteria. The method used, was the Test Tube Serial Dilution method (HIC). The test tubes were then plated out (HBC) and a colony count counted. The research was carried out in two ways: (1) the administration of a B-Iactamase nosode to a penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, 24 hours prior to the administration of a penicillin; (2) the administering. of B-lactamase nosode & penicillin simultaneously to a penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. The control group was compared to the experimental group with regards to the number of clear test tubes to turbid test tubes, and to the colony counts. The test tube results (HIC) will be further tabulated, compared, and statistically analyzed, using the Mann-Whitney unpaired test. The results from methods (1) & (2) were compared to see which one
Hypercholesterolemia : the role of homoeopathy
Authors:   , Hillermann Roland
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Taraxacum 5CH in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients, in terms of measuring the extent of change in serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LOL) and high density lipoprotein levels (HOL). The expected result was a resultant lowering of bath the TC and LOL levels, as well as an increase of the HOL levels. Convenience sampling was employed to draw patients from Technikon Natal, a Durban company and the general public from the greater Durban area. Only persons with raised TC and LOL levels were accepted into the trial. Of these one half constituted the control group and received only placebo, the remaining half made up the trial group and were treated with Taraxacum 5CH. The remedies were prepared and dispensed by a qualified pharmacist. Venous blood was obtained from all subjects before the trial and monthly, for three consecutive months, during the trial. A reputable pathology laboratory was employed to obtain lipogram studies of all blood samples. The participants were asked not to change their then present diets or lifestyles. Performing paired T-tests on the initial versus the final values of the control group revealed no statistically significant changes in the TC, LOL and HOL levels, whereas in the trial group a significant reduction was computed for the TC and LOL levels, as well as an insignificant increase of the HOL levels. Unpaired T-tests showed that the trial and control groups were not significantly different at the beginning ot the trial, but were found to have changed to become significantly different by the end of the trial with respects to TC and LOL levels. The HOL levels were dissimilar initially, but were shown to be significantly similar at the end of the trial.
The homeopathic treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea
Authors:   , Tsolakis Natalie
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment on primary dysmenorrhoea in terms of patient's perception to the treatment. A sample of thirty patients was randomly chosen from the greater Durban area in response to advertisements that had been placed in various advertising media. They were then screened for the delimitations and sent to a registered gynaecologist for an internal examination and confirmatory diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhoea. Each patient then underwent a medical and homeopathic consultation and examination on the first day of their menstrual cycle, and a patient perception questionnaire was completed with the researcher so as to establish a baseline. The study followed a double-blind protocol with a neutral member dividing the sample into a control and treatment group. The treatment group received simillimum treatment in the form of a chronic remedy taken twice a week and one or two symptomatic remedies taken on a daily basis. The control group received placebo. For the duration of the eight month trial period, each patient was reassessed on their first day of their menstrual cycle to allow for any needed changes to their treatment regimen, and to allow for the patient's perception to the treatment to be recorded in the researcher's presence.
Copper and zinc content in three-year-old pine needles (Pinus Sylvestris L.) in the conditions of the Lipetsk region
Authors: Dubrovina Olga , Zaitsev Gleb , Zubkova Tatyana
Published: February 2022

Studies aimed at studying copper and zinc in the three-year-old needles of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were carried out from 2019 to 2021. The experiments were laid on 8 test sites. Trial plots No. 1-4 - in the Lipetsk industrial center and trial plots No. 5-8 - in the Yelets industrial center. The studies were carried out in vegetation dynamics. It has been established that under conditions of pollution in the needles of the 3rd year of life, there is a significant excess of the content of these metals in comparison with the control. The most significant increase in copper in the control zone under FLC conditions was noted by the second month of vegetation. In May, the copper content was 3.175 mg/kg, in June - 3.875, in July - 4.169 mg/kg, in August - 4.281 mg/kg of dry matter. On the territory of the city of Yelets (Fig. 3), during the growing season, the amount of copper in the needles increased more evenly from month to month: May-5.194; June-5,263; July -5.325; August - 5.683 mg/kg dry matter. The content of zinc in the conditions of pollution of the Yelets industrial center in the needles of the 3rd year by the end of August changes slightly from 24.238 mg/kg to 25.688 mg/kg. Keywords: COPPER, ZINC, THREE-YEAR-OLD NEEDLE, SCOTT PINE, LIPETSK REGION
Temperature And Humidity Optimization To Add Save Life Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis, L.)
Authors: Kartika
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the appropriate temperature and humidity in the storage of strawberries, this research was carried out using 3 humidity treatments and 3 temperatures, namely humidity 65%, 75%, and 85% with a temperature of 10 oC, 15 oC, and room temperature, fruit fruit stored at room temperature lasts up to 3 days, while at 10 oC the fruit with 65% humidity treatment lasts up to 6 days, with 75% humidity for 6 days and with 85 % humidity it lasts for 7 days, at 15 oC the fruit with 65% humidity treatment lasts 5 days, with 75% humidity for 5 days and with 85% humidity lasts for 6 days, so based on research that has been done it is known that 85% humidity treatment with a temperature of 10 oC is the right storage for strawberries. The longest shelf life of strawberries is with a humidity treatment of 85% which is stored at 10 oC, which can extend the shelf life of 4 days longer when compared to storage at room temperature.
FIGHTER PLANE ONLINE GAME BASED ON DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY USING SOCKET.IO AND NODEJS
Authors: Pratama I Putu Agus Eka , Arisna I Wayan Gus
Published: February 2022

Computer networks are growing rapidly from time to time, making the internet, websites, web programming languages, and socket programming increasingly used in the provision of information technology-based applications and services. One of them is the availability of web-based online game multiplayer applications involving several players. This paper presents the research results in the form of designing and implementing an online game based on socket programming fighter aircraft on a computer network with a client-server paradigm. This research uses DSRM (Design Science Research Methodology) with seven sequential steps. Game applications are designed using Use Case Diagrams and implemented using JavaScript, Socket.io, and NodeJS. Application testing uses Black Box Testing and User Acceptance Testing (UAT). The results of Black Box Testing show that all features and menus in the game application can run well. In contrast, the results of the UAT with a total of 100 respondents indicate that 60% of respondents said the game was very easy to use, 30% said it was easy to use, and 10% said it was difficult to use.
LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE OF COLD-DRAWN TYPE 304 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL IN ANNEALING CONDITIONS
Authors: Pambudi Ambar , Badaruddin Mohammad , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: February 2022

Type 304 austenitic stainless steel, or better known as SS304, generally has alloying elements: C < 0.1%, Cr 18 – 20%, Fe 66 – 74%, Mn <2%, Ni 8 – 10.5%, P <0.045%, Si <1%, and S <0.030%. In general, this material has good ductility, high tensile strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. In application, type SS304 will be subjected to repeated loading, and eventually, the material will undergo plastic deformation, which leads to structural failure in a short life. The failure of SS304 is generally due to the inability of the material to repeat loading, which results in large amounts of plastic deformation so that the SS304 will experience fatigue and then fracture. Based on the description above, this study aims to evaluate the LCF properties of 304 CDS stainless steel with annealing heat treatment. The parameter used was the strain amplitude 0.003 – 0.013 mm/mm. The results of this study revealed that the highest fatigue life in the LCF test was experienced by steel with heat treatment at an amplitude of 0.003 mm/mm with 48367 cycles. In contrast, at the amplitude condition of 0.013 mm/mm, the fatigue life of the steel decreased drastically with the resulting plastic strain being larger, namely 0.0094 mm/mm and elastic strain of 0.0035 mm/mm, with an average modulus of elasticity of 194 GPa. Annealing treatment conditions experienced decreased mechanical strength but tended to be ductile. Using Basquin-Coffin-Manson Equation, empirical equations to predict LCF of 304 stainless steels can be determined.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SISWA MADRASAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: M. Nursultan Nazar Akbar
Published: February 2022

Kemampuan literasi matematika merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang dinilai dalam studi PISA. Literasi matematika diartikan sebagai kemampuan seseorang untuk merumuskan, menerapkan dan menafsirkan matematika dalam berbagai konteks, termasuk kemampuan melakukan penalaran secara matematis dan menggunakan konsep, prosedur, dan fakta untuk menggambarkan, menjelaskan atau memperkirakan fenomena/kejadian. Literasi matematika dikatakan baik apabila ia mampu menganalisis, bernalar, dan meng-komunikasikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan matematikanya secara efektif, serta mampu memecahkan dan menginterpretasikan penyelesaian matematika. Seorang siswa dikatakan mampu menyelesaikan masalah apabila ia mampu menerapkan pengetahuan yang telah diperoleh sebelumnya kedalam situasi baru yang belum dikenal. Kemampuan inilah yang biasa dikenal sebagai kemampuan berfikir tingkat tinggi. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan membahas mengenai hubungan dan cara mengembangkan kemampuan literasi matematika melalui kemampuan berfikir tingkat tinggi.
Penggunaan Kosakata untuk Pencitraan Diri di Media Sosial Facebook
Authors: Amirruddin Nurlina , Sultan Sultan , Usman Usman
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This study examines the use of vocabulary for self-image by users of social media facebook. This study aims to: (1) describe the form of exponential vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook; (2) describe the form of relational vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook; (3) describe the form of expressive vocabulary for self-image on social media facebook. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using a type of critical discourse analysis research. The critical discourse analysis model used is Fairclough's critical discourse analysis model. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research design that focuses on the research process and results. The data in this study were sourced from posts by Facebook social media users. Data collection techniques were carried out in two stages, namely: observation and documentation.The results of the study reveal that the forms of the expansive vocabulary found in this study are classification, ideological words that are fought for, lexicalization, synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, and metaphors. The forms of relational vocabulary found in this study are euphemistic expressions, formal words, informal words, greetings, names, and personal references. The forms of expressive vocabulary found in this study are in the form of positive evaluation and negative evaluation. The use of vocabulary forms for self-image is used to support efforts to build self-image carried out on Facebook social media by Facebook social media users.Keywords: Self-image, facebook, vocabulary
Karakteristik Pembelajaran BIPA Mesir
Authors: Ragab Islam
Published: February 2022

AbstractIndonesia and Egypt have close relationship and cooperation in several fields. One of them is education and culture. In Egypt there are thousands of Indonesians who are studying, especially at Al-Azhar University. In addition, there are also hundreds of Egyptians who are learning Indonesian language and culture both in Egypt and in Indonesia. The Atdikbud office of the Indonesian Embassy in Cairo has opened the Indonesian Cultural Center (Puskin) in the Dokki area, for Egyptians who are interested in Indonesian language and culture can study and practice there. At Puskin, Egyptians can learn Indonesian dances, traditional music, and its martial arts silat. This platform is not just for locals but for other nationalities too. Apart from Puskin, the Center for Indonesian Studies (PSI) also opened at the Canal Suez University in Ismailiah City and the Al-Azhar BIPA Office at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. Recently, the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Indonesian Embassy in collaboration with Al-Azhar University opened an Indonesian Language Study Program at the Faculty of Language and Translation. This study program is the first program in Egypt even among Arab peninsula. This paper discusses the spread of Indonesian language in Egypt; Egyptian BIPA learning implementation plan; The characteristics of BIPA learning from two perspectives, namely the point of view of Egyptian students who have studied Indonesian language in Egypt and in Indonesia, and the point of view of BIPA teachers whose teaching Indonesian language in Egypt and Indonesia.Keyword: BIPA Mesir, Puskin, BIPA Al-Azhar, BIPA
EDUCATION OF STUDENTS IN THE SPIRIT OF THE CULTURE OF INTERETHNIC COMMUNICATION IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES: POLITICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associated Professor, Kazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan,  e-mail:  sauleaskarova77@gmail.com, Askarova S.
Published: February 2022

In the modern world, language is a mechanism of intercultural communication, a means of peoples’ mutual understanding, self-development and enrichment of the inner world, a means of direct acquaintance with the achievements of foreign literature, culture and technology. The language functions within a certain culture, and the student of a foreign language should be familiar with the peculiarities of this culture, the specific use of language in this culture. The culture of interethnic communication is a person's respectful attitude towards people of different nations, respect for their culture, history, and national dignity. Education of students in the spirit of the culture of interethnic communication in the process of teaching foreign languages is carried out in the education system. The communication of knowledge, the implementation of skills and abilities at all levels of education is linked with the gradual formation of a personality whose ideals of interethnic culture become the content of his\her life. To combine teaching foreign languages and education in the spirit of the culture of interethnic communication, it is necessary to create a research, methodological and pedagogical system which provides a combination of these two processes.
COMMON KAZAKHSTAN CONSCIOUSNESS: CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
Authors:   Professor, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Absattarov Raushanbek
Published: February 2022

The article discusses actual issues of common Kazakhstan consciousness, which have not yet been studied in socio-political science. The article elaborates on the nature, concept, definition of self-awareness and the relationship between national and common Kazakh consciousness. The article states that common Kazakh self-awareness is the mass understanding of Kazakh people (for example, the people of Kazakhstan) of the unity of a particular ethno-political and civil community and of its difference from other multinational and mono-national communities (social systems). Common Kazakh consciousness is being formed as a result of the natural historical development of equal and united relations among the peoples of Kazakhstan. In addition, the article also focuses on discussion issues.
THE INFLUENCE OF MAX WEBER ON THE REPRESENTA-TIONS OF JOSEPH SCHUMPETER ON THE RATIONALIZA-TION OF LIFE UNDER CAPITALISM: SOCIOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Professor, Academy of leading personnel of the Bundeswehr, Hamburg, Germany, Johann Rau
Published: February 2022

The article discusses sociological and political questions about the influence of M. Weber on I. Schumpeter’s view of the rationalization of life under capitalism, which have not yet been studied in the scientific literature. The article focuses on the social and political views of M. Weber and his influence on I. Schumpeter, as well as on the rationalization of life under capitalism of the 19th-20th centuries. The article notes that I. Schumpeter showed the elitism of any democracy and joined M. Weber’s thesis that politics encompasses all activities of independent exercise of power and leadership. Capitalist lifestyle means rationalizing and calculating everything. However, the article also focuses on discussion issues.
PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors:   Al-Farabi. Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nikoui Sh. ,   e- mail: sharifullahnikoyee@gmail.com, Abdikerova G. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National University; e-mail: a.gulnapis@mail.ru, Tauekelova T. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Almaty, Kazakhstan; e-mail: batyrkyzy1976@mail.ru
Published: February 2022

From a sociological point of view, national identity is defined as a kind of feeling and emotional belonging to a society that causes national unity and cohesion and has different material, cultural and psychological dimensions that cause societies to differ from each other. The phenomenon of Ethnicization and the formation of sub-national identities and subcultures have become doubly important in the contemporary period because factors such as territorial divisions based on national government, inequality, deprivation, ideology, and colonialism play an important role in ethnic nationalization in societies. The ethnicization of identity can be called a process in which the link between national values is weakened and the possibility of maintaining the convergence of a nation is endangered. What is true of national identity in Afghanistan is that no deep link has yet been established between nationalities and ethnicities with national territory, values, and culture. The identity crisis in Afghanistan has been more focused on the social segregation of groups and has not yet reached the stage of disintegration. Lack of national identity has left negative consequences in the development of concepts such as national unity, national participation, and social justice and has prevented the formation of civic nationalism.
Far- and Near Range Measurements with a Synthetic Aperture Radar for Educational Purposes and Comparison of Two Different Signal Processing Algorithms
Authors: Berg Jonas , Müller Simon , Diewald Andreas R.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. In this paper two simple synthetic aperture radar (SAR) methods are applied on data from a 24 GHz FMCW radar implemented on a linear drive for educational purposes.
The data of near and far range measurements are evaluated using two different SAR signal processing algorithms featuring 2D-FFT and frequency back projection (FBP) method (Moreira et al., 2013).
A comparison of these two algorithms is performed concerning runtime, image pixel size, azimuth and range resolution.
The far range measurements are executed in a range of 60 to 135 m by monitoring cars in a parking lot.
The near range measurement from 0 to 5 m are realised in a measuring chamber equipped with absorber foam and nearly ideal targets like corner reflectors.
The comparison of 2D-FFT and FBP algorithm shows that both deliver good and similar results for the far range measurements but the runtime of the FBP algorithm is up to 150 times longer as the 2D-FFT runtime.
In the near range measurements the FBP algorithm displays a very good azimuth resolution and targets which are very close to each other can be separated easily.
In contrast to that the 2D-FFT algorithm has a lower azimuth resolution in the near range, thus targets which are very close to each other, merge together and cannot be separated.
Recent significant decline of strong carbon peat accumulation rates in tropical Andes related to climate change and glacier retreat
Authors: Llanos Romina , Moreira-Turcq Patricia , Turcq Bruno , Espinoza Villar Raúl , Huaman Yizet , Condom Thomas , Willems Bram
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Climate change has altered precipitation and temperature patterns in the tropical Andes. As a result, tropical glaciers have retreated significantly over the past 50 years and have even disappeared in some areas. Andean peatlands, one of the most important Andean carbon reservoirs, also seem to be affected by these climate changes, since glaciers have been recognized as one of their vital water sources. Here, we point out the important role of Andean peatlands on carbon accumulation rates (CAR), one of the highest in the world, and the impact of climate on carbon storage over the last 65 years, using four peat cores. The peat cores were radiocarbon-dated and ages were post-bomb calibrated and chronological models indicated basal ages (30 cm depth) ranging from 1957 to 1972 CE, where accumulation rates reached up 1.7 cm yr−1. For both peatlands, carbon accumulation rates are high (mean of 470 and 220 g C m−2 yr−1 at APA 1 and APA 2 sites, respectively) and can reach up to 1010 g C m−2 yr−1. Distichia muscoides is the dominant species in the Peruvian Central Andes peatlands and the high CAR, among other factors, is a characteristic of this species. Our results point out that a marked decrease of CAR after the early 1980s at both peatlands is likely related to an increase in annual temperature, which is responsible for the retreat of glaciers. We use a new high-resolution proxy (Skrzypek et al., 2011) based on the δ13C of Distichia along the cores to evaluate the temperature variability at the site. We observed a general trend of increase in the reconstructed temperature from both studied peatlands from 1.9 to 2 ºC for the period 1970–2015 CE. Comparison with air temperature data from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis for the higher resolution cores shows a good relationship and an increase of 2.15 °C for the same period. Temperature increase may directly affect CAR by an increase in organic matter degradation rates. The decrease in CAR during the period of study may also be due to a decrease in melt water inflow generated by the retreat of glaciers that have almost disappeared today in the catchments as a consequence of regional warming. Our findings emphasize that marked changes in carbon accumulation rates demonstrate the high ecological sensitivity of tropical high-Andean peatlands, endangering their outstanding role in the regional (and even global) C cycle as large C sinks that contribute to the mitigation of global climate change.
Potential impacts of chemical weathering on feldspar luminescence dating properties
Authors: Bartz Melanie , Peña Jasquelin , Grand Stéphanie , King Georgina E.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of mineral grains. As a result, trapped-charge dating signals of primary silicates may be progressively modified. In this study, we artificially weathered three feldspar specimens to understand the effect of proton- and ligand-promoted dissolution on their luminescence properties. We conducted kinetic experiments over 720 h using two solutions: (1) oxalic acid (pH 3, 20 °C), an organic acid with chelating abilities, and (2) aqua regia (pH < 1, 40 °C), a mixture of strong acids creating aggressive acid hydrolysis conditions. These two solutions were chosen to approach over laboratory timescales some of the changes that may occur over geological time scales as minerals weather in nature. The effect of the extracting solutions on mineral dissolution was investigated by following the concentration of elements accumulating in solution, while changes in feldspar surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequent changes in feldspar luminescence in the near-UV (~340 nm) and blue (~410 nm) thermoluminescence (TL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) emission bands were assessed at the multi- and/or single-grain levels to gain insight into the emission spectra, dose response, saturation, and anomalous fading characteristics of the feldspars. In all experiments, only minor feldspar dissolution was observed after 720 h with < 5 % of total Al, Si, Na, and Ca appearing in the aqueous phase, while 5–8 % of the total Mn and Fe were extracted. In general, aqua regia, the more chemically-aggressive solution, had a larger effect on feldspar dissolution compared to that of oxalic acid. Additionally, our results showed that although the TL and IRSL intensities changed slightly with increasing artificial weathering time, the feldspar luminescence properties were otherwise unmodified. This suggests that chemical alteration of feldspar surfaces may not affect luminescence dating signals obtained from natural samples.
ANALISIS KINERJA LALU LINTAS PADA PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN CIPAMURUYAN
Authors: Rahman Muhamad Agung , Nugraha Nunu
Published: February 2022

The construction of Cipamuruyan Bridge will result in increase in the traffic load. The traffic load due to the construction of the Cipamuruyan Bridge will have an impact on the performance of road network services around the construction area. Traffic performance analysis is prepared to anticipate traffic impacts that arise around the Cipamuruyan Bridge construction area.

This research was carried out at the location of the planned Cipamuruyan Bridge construction on the Bogor – Sukabumi road. The data used is the volume of traffic on the Bogor - Sukabumi road which was surveyed on weekends and weekdays.

The results of traffic performance analysis show that the value of the Degree of Saturation (DS) is almost the same between the current condition and the condition at the time of construction with the service level of the degree of saturation being D and E for weekends and weekdays. Meanwhile, the value of the Degree of Saturation (DS) for the current condition compared to the condition when the bridge was operational decreased by 0.481 for weekends and 0.519 for weekdays with the level of service level of saturation being B.
KONDISI JALAN DENGAN PERSYARATAN TEKNIS KENDARAAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN
Authors: Farida Ida , Novrian Mangeke Fandy
Published: February 2022

Kabupaten Bandung, Kabupaten Garut dan Kota Tasikmalaya merupakan daerah terlewati jalan nasional kelas III. Pada jalan nasional kelas III ini ada beberapa lokasi yang kerap menyumbang terjadinya kecelakaan. Masih adanya kendaraan yang tidak laik jalan dan pengangkutan yang berlebihan beroperasi dijalan, dengan kondisi tersebut penelitian berupaya untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan pengujian kelaikan kendaraan dengan metode observasi secara langsung di lapangan, mengetahui hubungan kendaraan yang tidak lolos uji laik dengan kejadian kecelakaan dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi rank spearman menggunakan SPSS dan kondisi jalan di daerah rawan kecelakaan pada jalan nasional kelas III. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder, data kecelakaan diperoleh dari instansi kepolisisan dan data kendaraan yang tidak lolos uji laik jalan dari Dinas Perhubungan serta observasi secara langsung di lapangan. Dalam pelaksanaan pengujian kendaraan di daerah studi semua dilaksanakan sesuai prosedur dengan peraturan yang berlaku dengan teknisi yang berkompeten. Nilai korelasi antar variabel tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (berarti) dengan nilai lebih besar dari 0,05. Tingkat kekuatan (keeratan) hubungan di Kabupaten Bandung dan Kabupaten Garut adalah lemah, sedangkan di Kota Tasikmalaya adalah cukup. Dari tiga wilayah yang ada berdasarkan kondisi jalan didapatkan daerah paling rawan yaitu di tanjakan/turunan Gentong dengan derajat tikungan 77o, kelandaian rata-rata 0,123 m/m dengan jenis jalan 2 jalur 1 arah lajur (tidak terbagi).
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB PEKERJAAN ULANG (REWORK) PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN GEDUNG DI KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Pius Usboko Gregorius , Baki Henong Sebastianus
Published: February 2022

Implementation of a building construction project carried out through a certain management system. The project has a predetermined schedule and implementation plan. Common things that will occur if they are not in accordance with the schedule and implementation plan are delays in project implementation time and implementation costs. One of the factors causing the delay is due to rework activities on one or several items of construction work. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that cause rework on building construction projects in the city of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study used a questionnaire instrument involving as many as 27 contractors, consisting of 12 site managers, 12 field implementers and 3 foreman. This research was conducted to see the dominant factor of rework in building construction projects in Kupang city. The results showed that the factors causing rework are known from managerial, design and resource factors which are the main causes of the emergence of rework in work. Operators working not according to procedures are one of the main causes of rework from the resource factor. Lack of teamwork is the cause of the rework of managerial factors. Unclear design or documentation is the cause of rework of design factors.
Hydraulic connection between Vistula and Curonian lagoons of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Chubarenko Boris , Boskachev Ruslan
Published: February 2022

Potentially favourable conditions for overflows of water between the Vistula and Curonian lagoons via two branches of the Pregolya River were studied using water level data (2002–2007) at the hydrological stations located in lagoons and the river. The episodes (of two days and longer) of the ‘reversed slope’, when the water level in the Vistula Lagoon (7 cases) and the Curonian Lagoon (41 cases) was higher than in the river streams connecting them, were found. This confirms the theoretical possibility of water overflow between the Vistula and Curonian lagoons, back and forth. Some unusual cases (of two days and longer) when the ‘reverse slope’ of water level existed simultaneously in both recipient bodies (Vistula and Curonian lagoons) were also found. The analysis showed that wind conditions were not the single determining factor. Direct measurements of near-bottom currents showed that backward water flow appeared in both branches. Backward water flow developed mainly in the low parts of river branches, i.e. closer to the lagoons. Time delay in water flow variations and the appearance of backward water flow between downstream and upstream points was 2–7 hours, or about 4 hours on average. The signal of backward current in one branch penetrated upstream not only the other branch (correlation coefficient was about 0.64 and 0.71 for 1-h and 12-h running averaged series, respectively) but further upstream the mainstream of the Pregolya River.
Regulating Information in Molecules: The Convention on Biological Diversity and Digital Sequence Information
Authors: Lawson Charles
Published: February 2022

The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and its subsequent Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity provide a framework to conserve biological diversity, sustainably use biodiversity components and fairly and equitably share their benefits. There is unresolved contention about treating information as a derivative of biological materials and a distinct commodity with a value that can be translated into definable benefits. This article addresses whether there is information in DNA sequences, finding that there is causal information but no intentional or semantic information, although the causal contribution remains difficult to determine. This article concludes that caution should be exercised in limiting access to information in DNA through regulation because of the perverse outcomes controlling potential uses and reducing incentives for others to use information in new and innovative ways.
From Tropical Flora to Neotropical Flora: José Cuatrecasas and his botanical works
Authors: López-Sánchez José María
Published: February 2022

The aim of this article is to present the life and professional trajectory of José Cuatrecasas Arumí (1903-1996), one of the 20th century's most important Spanish botanists. Therefore, this is a historical study that intends to link the historical circumstances Cuatrecasas experienced with his training as a botanist. This Catalan botanist developed his work in various settings (Barcelona, Madrid, Geneva, Berlin) from his early studies to his doctorate and postdoctoral training, but he began to take an interest in tropical flora from the late 1920s and, more importantly, from the 1930s onwards, when he obtained a chair of botany at the Facultad de Farmacia of the  Universidad de Madrid and also became part of the Real Jardín Botánico of Madrid by directing its Tropical Flora Section. The Civil War permanently disrupted the development of his scientific career in Spain, as his Republican militancy forced him into exile. Initially in Colombia and later in the United States, Cuatrecasas continued his lines of research on tropical flora, completing them in the 1960s with an ambitious project in the field of Neotropical Flora. This is how the life and scientific curriculum of one of the best Spanish botanists of the 20th century was forged.
José Cuatrecasas and Vicki Funk: Passion for the Neotropics. New special issue of Mediterranean Botany
Authors: Gavilán Rosario G. , Ferencova Zuzana , González Bueno Antonio
Published: February 2022

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Ahi Evran ve Ahilik Teşkilatının Emine Işınsu’nun Tasavvufî Romanlarındaki Yeri
Authors: SERRİCAN KABALCI Ece
Published: February 2022

The founder of the Akhism is Sheikh Nasîrüddin Mahmûd, known as Ahi Evran, who was born in Hoy, Iran. Akhism is one of the formations that were effective in making Anatolia the homeland and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. The Ahi organization, where Islamic-mystical thinking and living is valid, was called the union of tradesmen and craftsmen after the 18th century. The Ahi organization, based on honesty, trust, generosity and bravery; has become widespread in Anatolia because it creates order in the society, directs the economic life, and develops unity and solidarity. Emine Işınsu, who is one of the women writers of the Republican period and who mainly works in the genre of novel, has also written works called mystical novels-legendary novels. In her works called Hacı Bayram and Hacı Bektaş, which are among the Sufistic novels, she included Ahi Evran and the Ahi organization. Emine Işınsu conveyed information about the good virtues, their military success, their role in economic life and the functioning of the Ahi organization in Hacı Bayram novel. In her novel, Hacı Bektaş, she included Ahi Evran as a character of the novel. She also mentioned Bâcıyân-ı Rum, known as Anatolian Women, in both novels. In this study, it has been researched that which ways Emine Işınsu brought the Ahi organization together with the reader and how she fictionalized Ahi Evran as a novelist in her novels, Hacı Bayram and Hacı Bektaş. The data obtained were transferred in the form of quotations in the text, and complementary information was given about Ahi Evran and Akhism in the novels. Keywords: Ahi Evran, Akhism, Bâcıyân-ı Rum, Emine Işınsu, novel.