bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional gastrointestinal disorders and nutritional status in junior high school students
Authors: Alatas Fatima Safira , Salsabila Khansa , - Nadira , Amalia Nasya , Hanafi Gryselda
Published: September 2022

Background The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is increasing among students in Indonesia. More adolescents came to the clinic with symptoms of functional constipation (FC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and functional dyspepsia (FD).

Objective To analyze the relationship between the nutritional status, dietary pattern, and physical activity with the incidence of the FGIDs among Indonesian junior high school students.

Methods A cross-sectional study, consisting of 292 students aged 11 to 14 years were recruited in March 2018. Questionnaires on the ROME Criteria for FGIDs, dietary patterns, and physical activity were distributed to the students’ parents and returned in 24 hours.

Results The overall prevalence of FGIDs in this study was 26.4%. Among 292 junior high school students, 19.5% were diagnosed with FC, 6.2% with IBS, and 17.5% with FD. Overnourishment (overweight or obese) was found in 51.4% of the subjects. A significant association was found between FC and overnutrition (OR 2.27; 95%CI 1.21 to 4.28; P=0.011). Nutritional status did not affect the incidence of IBS nor FD. Rarely eating breakfast significantly increase the occurrence of FD (OR 4.80; 95%CI 1.61 to 13.25; P=0.004). No significant association between dietary patterns and physical activity with the prevalence of the other FGIDs.

Conclusion Nutritional status does not significantly affect the prevalence of IBS and FD. Overnourishment is associated with increased occurrence of FC. Eating breakfast twice weekly or more may reduce the probability of FD. Lack of healthy dietary pattern and physical activity are not correlated with other FGIDs.
Kejadian dan Faktor Risiko Tuberkulosis pada Anak Penghuni Padat Penduduk: Studi pada Rusun Kudu
Authors: Soesanto Alexandhe , Anam Moh Syarofil , Arkhaesi Nahwa , Pratiwi Rina
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit pernafasan yang menular dengan tingkat kematian ketiga tertinggi di dunia. Infeksi tuberkulosis pada anak memiliki gejala yang sulit dikenali sehingga memerlukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut. Lingkungan padat penduduk seperti rusun, memudahkan penyebaran tuberkulosis sehingga diperlukan skrining tuberkulosis pada anak untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit.Tujuan. Mengetahui insidensi dan faktor risiko infeksi tuberkulosis pada anak penghuni rusun Kudu, Semarang.Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional telah dilakukan pada Januari hingga Februari 2021 terhadap 123 anak penghuni rusun Kudu berumur 0-18 tahun. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara konsekutif sampling. Anak mengikuti proses skrining dan antropometri untuk kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan tuberkulin jika memenuhi syarat. Indurasi tuberkulin diamati 48 jam pasca injeksi. Penilaian faktor risiko melalui skrining dan kuesioner kondisi lingkungan.Hasil. Pemeriksaan Tuberkulin menunjukan hasil positif bagi 33 anak dengan diameter indurasi ?10mm. Analisis pengaruh variabel bebas dan insidensi tuberkulosis dilakukan menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik dengan faktor risiko yang memiliki pengaruh dengan kejadian tuberkulosis anak adalah riwayat kontak (AOR=10,3 dan p=0,007), usia anak (AOR=5,2 dan p=0,013) dan kondisi rumah yang tidak sehat (AOR=38,6 dan p=0,000).Kesimpulan. Riwayat kontak, usia anak dan kondisi rumah berpengaruh terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis pada anak.
Hubungan Jenis dan Tingkat Kepatuhan Pengobatan Kelasi Besi Oral dengan Kadar Feritin Serum pada Penyandang Talasemia Beta Mayor Anak
Authors: Triwardhani Erny Rachmawati , Reniarti Lelani , Setiabudiawan Budi
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. Jenis kelasi besi oral deferipron dan deferasiroks banyak digunakan penyandang talasemia untuk mencegah komplikasi hemosiderosis. Dalam penelitian yang berbeda, masing-masing terbukti efektif mengurangi komplikasi hemosiderosis akibat transfusi darah. Tingkat kepatuhan sangat memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi dan tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan dapat dipengaruhi regimen kelasi besi.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan jenis dan tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan kelasi oral terhadap kadar feritin serum pada penyandang talasemia beta mayor anak. Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancang potong lintang, dilaksanakan Januari-Februari 2019. Subjek adalah penyandang talasemia beta mayor di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin, secara consecutive sampling. Wawancara menggunakan kuesioner Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8, pemeriksaan serum feritin. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi rank Spearman, uji perbandingan Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis dengan kemaknaan nilai p<0,05.Hasil. Terdapat 60 responden dengan kategori patuh sebanyak 38%, kategori tidak patuh sebanyak 62%. Kelompok dengan pemberian deferipron menghasilkan kadar feritin serum lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok deferasiroks (p<0,007). Kelompok patuh menghasilkan kadar feritin serum lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tidak patuh (p<0,001). Perbandingan feritin serum berdasarkan kombinasi jenis dan tingkat kepatuhan kelasi besi, didapatkan hasil kelompok deferipron-patuh memberikan nilai berbeda signifikan dibandingkan kelompok lainnya (p<0,001).Kesimpulan. Sebagian besar penyandang talasemia beta mayor tidak patuh mengkonsumsi obat kelasi besi. Pemberian deferipron dengan kepatuhan baik, menghasilkan kadar feritin serum paling rendah.
Status Antropometri pada Anak dengan Sindrom Down di Indonesia: Kurva Sindrom Down versus Kurva Internasional
Authors: Sabatini Selvia Eva , Audi Rahardjo Tithasiri Audi , Ulvyana Vynda , Cayami Ferdy Kurniawan , Winarni Tri Indah , Utari Agustini
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. Sindrom Down merupakan kondisi abnormalitas jumlah kromosom yang paling sering ditemui. Anak dengan sindrom Down memiliki pola pertumbuhan yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan anak pada umumnya sehingga kurva pertumbuhan standar tidak bisa diterapkan untuk anak dengan sindrom Down. Di Indonesia, kurva internasional seperti kurva WHO dan CDC sering dipakai untuk menilai pertumbuhan anak dengan sindrom Down. Tujuan. Membandingkan status antropometri anak dengan sindrom Down menggunakan kurva sindrom Down dan kurva internasional.Metode. Penelitian belah lintang dilakukan pada 100 anak dengan sindrom Down, interpretasi hasil pengukuran (Z-score) meliputi length for age (LAZ)/height for age (HAZ), weight for age (WAZ) dan body mass index (BMI) menggunakan kurva sindrom Down, kurva CDC 2000, dan kurva WHO. Analisis Anova dan Friedman dilakukan untuk membandingkan hasil pengukuran antropometri ketiga kurva.Hasil. Penelitian ini melibatkan 53 (53%) anak laki-laki dan 47 (47%) anak perempuan sindrom Down dengan median usia 1,62 tahun (min-maks 0,04-11,42). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada LAZ/HAZ pada ketiga kurva pertumbuhan (p=0,00). Pada interpretasi HAZ antar kurva, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0.00), tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna pada interpretasi status gizi dari ketiga kurva tersebut. Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan status pertumbuhan anak dengan sindrom Down dengan kurva sindrom Down dan kurva internasional.
Status Vitamin D pada Anak dengan Leukemia Akut
Authors: Ayudhia Shinta , Izzah Amirah Zatil , Arbi Firman , Yani Finny Fitry
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. Vitamin D adalah kelompok prohormon yang berperan dalam pencegahan dan pertumbuhan sel kanker sebagai antiproliferatif, pro apoptosis dan anti inflamasi. Hal ini disebabkan karena reseptor vitamin D juga terdapat pada sel hematopoesis normal dan abnormal. Namun, penelitian tentang vitamin D pada anak dengan leukemia masih sedikit. Dari beberapa penelitian yang telah ada menunjukkan kadar vitamin D pada pasien leukemia berada pada level defisiensi dan insufisiensi.Tujuan. Mengetahui status vitamin D pada pasien leukemia akut di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat M. Djamil, Padang.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 53 pasien anak yang baru terdiagnosis leukemia akut dari bulan Mei 2018 hingga Mei 2019. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D di laboratorium dan pengumpulan data karakteristik pasien.Hasil. Didapatkan 30 (56,6%) pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki, rentang umur paling banyak usia 1-10 tahun. Status gizi kurang terdapat pada 47 (88,7%) pasien. Diagnosis leukemia limfoblastik akut didapatkan 47 (88,7%) pasien. Gejala klinis terbanyak adalah demam (96,2%), pucat (96,2%), hepatomegali (92,5%). Pasien mendapatkan paparan matahari > 30 menit sebanyak 86,8%. Rerata kadar vitamin D pada pasien leukemia akut adalah 24,01±7,91 ng/ml. Status vitamin D pada pasien leukemia akut 50,9% berada pada rentang insufisiensi.Kesimpulan. Status vitamin D pada pasien leukemia akut di RSUP M. Djamil berada pada rentang insufisiensi.
Pendekatan Tata Laksana Regurgitasi dan Gastro-esophageal Reflux
Authors: Hegar Badriul
Published: September 2022

Regurgitasi seringkali menyebabkan keadaan tidak nyaman pada bayi dan orangtua. Pendekatan diagnosis dan terapi yang rasional diperlukan agar kualitas hidup bayi dan ibu tetap terjaga. Kriteria diagnosis regurgitasi berdasarkan Kriteria Rome IV. Deteksi alarm sign menjadi bagian pendekatan diagnosis regurgitasi atau gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Alarm signs dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu (1) kemungkinan GER Diseases (GERD) dan kelainan anatomi atau (2) kemungkinan alergi protein susu sapi. Bayi menangis berkepanjangan, iritabel, dan rewel tidak dapat dipakai sebagai gejala satu-satunya untuk menegakkan diagnosis GERD. Beberapa pendekatan terapi direkomendasikan saat ini, yaitu (1) parental reassurance, (2) teknik pemberian minum, (3) thickening milk, (4) alternatif susu formula, (5) posisi bayi, dan (6) tidak memberikan obat. Pemberian small frequent feeding mungkin akan mengurangi frekuensi regurgitasi, tetapi juga akan meningkatkan frekuensi GER. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) bukan prokinetik sehingga pemberian pada bayi yang mengalami regurgitasi adalah sikap yang tidak rasional. Bayi dengan regurgitasi disertai menangis berkepanjangan tidak dapat dipakai sebagai dasar untuk memberikan terapi PPI empiris.
Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti : Prevalensi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Masalah Kesehatan Jiwa pada Remaja selama Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Ninditya Lina , Medise Bernie Endyarnie
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 sebagai pandemi pada Maret 2020. COVID-19 telah menyebar dengan sangat cepat ke berbagai belahan dunia karena sangat infeksius. Hal ini mendorong pemerintah mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan guna mengontrol penyebaran COVID-19 seperti penutupan sekolah maupun pembatasan sosial. Dampak kebijakan tersebut dan adanya ketakutan terhadap infeksi COVID-19 diperkirakan berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan jiwa terutama pada kelompok rentan yaitu remaja.Tujuan. Mengetahui apakah ada kaitan antara pandemic COVID-19 dengan masalah jiwa pada remaja.Metode. Dilakukan pencarian di PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Cochrane dengan menggunakan kata kunci “depression”,”mental health”,”adolescent”, “COVID-19”. Hasil pencarian dievaluasi menggunakan kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi. Selanjutnya dilakukan telaah kritis dengan memerhatikan validitas, kepentingan, dan penerapan pada pasien terhadap artikel lengkap dari studi yang terseleksi.Hasil. Diperoleh satu studi yang relevan dengan pertanyaan klinis dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi and eksklusi. Luaran dari studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa prevalensi masalah kesehatan jiwa cukup tinggi pada remaja selama pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan. Angka kejadian depresi dan ansietas lebih tinggi pada kelompok perempuan, populasi yang tinggal di pedesaan, dan murid yang lebih senior. Namun, studi ini belum dapat membuktikan apakah pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan masalah kesehatan jiwa pada remaja.
Karakteristik Bayi Baru Lahir dengan Resusitasi Berkaitan dengan Kebutuhan Jenis Alat Bantu Napas Saat Lahir
Authors: Sutjipto Fiolita Indranita , Iskandar Adhi Teguh Perma
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. Bayi lahir tidak bugar sering mengalami kegagalan adaptasi pernapasan. Kondisi tersebut membutuhkan resusitasi, stabilisasi, yang selanjutnya membutuhkan alat bantu napas bertekanan positif berkelanjutan. Alat bantu napas berfungsi untuk menjaga patensi saluran pernapasan, pertukaran gas di alveoli secara efektif, dan membantu proses humidifikasi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu untuk mempersiapkan berbagai jenis alat bantu napas yang sesuai pada unit-unit perawatan intensif neonatus di rumah sakit. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan Di RSCM pada periode 2019 sampai dengan 2020, hasil dari penelitian sebanyak 179 (59,8%) bayi lahir membutuhkan resusitasi dan menggunakan alat bantu napas non-invasif, sisanya 121 (40,2%) membutuhkan alat bantu napas invasif. Hasil. Bayi yang memerlukan alat bantu napas invasif memiliki karakteristik seperti usia gestasi 30,27 (±3,5) minggu, berat badan lahir 1200 (415;4430) gram, jenis kelamin laki-laki 66 bayi dan perempuan 55 bayi, skor APGAR usia menit ke-5 5,5 (±1,7). Kesimpulan. Semakin kecil usia gestasi, berat lahir, skor APGAR maka semakin tinggi resiko untuk mendapat alat bantu napas invasif. Dengan demikian, bayi dengan karakteristik di atas harus dilahirkan di fasilitas kesehatan yang memiliki alat bantu napas invasif maupun non-invasif.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Sepsis Neonatorum Awitan Dini di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Suwarna Namira Oktaviani , Yuniati Tetty , Cahyadi Adi Imam , Achmad Tri Hanggono , Agustian Dwi
Published: September 2022

Latar belakang. Sepsis neonatorum merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi pada bayi baru lahir yang masih menjadi masalah utama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Faktor risiko terjadinya sepsis neonatorum awitan dini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi faktor ibu dan bayi. Faktor risiko ibu seperti ketuban pecah dini dan riwayat infeksi pada kehamilan, sedangkan faktor bayi adalah prematuritas, berat badan lahir rendah, skor APGAR rendah, air ketuban bercampur mekonium, asfiksia neonatorum, dan skor APGAR rendah.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum awitan dini di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional potong lintang pada neonatus yang lahir hidup di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari 2018 sampai Desember 2019 dengan metode total sampling. Analisis statistik menggunakan chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil bermakna apabila nilai p<0,05. Hasil. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian sepsis neonatorum awitan dini tahun 2018 – 2019 adalah 8,1% dari 5224 subjek. Analisis bivariat chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan faktor risiko seperti ketuban pecah dini OR 1,69 (p=<0,001; IK95%: 1,27 – 2,25), usia kehamilan 34 – 37 minggu OR 1,59 (p=0,036; IK95%:1,03 – 2,45), usia kehamilan <34 minggu OR 8,65 (p=<0,001; IK95%:5,47 – 13,70), sectio caesarea OR 1,42 (p=0,002;IK95%:1,14 – 1,77), dan berat badan lahir <2500 gram OR 2,59 (p=<0,001; IK95%: 1,73–3,89) mempunyai hubungan bermakna terhadap kejadian sepsis.Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko ibu dan bayi seperti ketuban pecah dini >18 jam, usia kehamilan <37 minggu, sectio caesarea dan berat badan lahir <2500 gram memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian sepsis neonatorum awitan dini.
Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antityrosinase Activities of Bamboo Leaves in Thailand
Authors: Kasemsukphaisan Sirinta , Maksup Sarunyaporn
Published: September 2022

Bamboo, an economic plant, has high genetic diversity and is distributed widely in many countries. The beneficial phytochemicals in bamboo leaves may vary according to genetic characteristics and harvesting season. Thus, in this study, the leaf phytochemical profiling of 27 bamboo genotypes popularly grown in Thailand was investigated during the summer and winter. The phytochemical contents in 60% ethanolic leaf extracts were analyzed using a spectrophotometer, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Among the 27 genotypes, 11 had a high total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as, high antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. Bamboo leaves were rich in natural antioxidants and antimelanogenic compounds, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isoorientin, orientin, p-coumaric acid, vitexin, isovitexin, and apigenin, and the major effective compound was different in each bamboo genotype. Moreover, harvesting bamboo leaves in the winter provided the highest quality yield. Therefore, both genotypes and harvesting seasons affect the leaf phytochemical profiling, and bamboo leaves appeared to be a valuable natural resource for the development of multiple pharmacological, cosmetic, and food supplement applications.
Síntesis óptima de un mecanismo de cuatro barras para la rodilla utilizando coordenadas naturales para la formulación cinemática
Authors: Flórez Elkin , Romero Nuñez Neider Nadid , Florez Martínez Yezid Alberto
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Este trabajo de investigación presenta el estudio y la simulación de un mecanismo de cuatro barras, así como la implementación de las coordenadas naturales como método alternativo y efectivo para el análisis cinemático. Metodología: Se desarrolla un método general para la síntesis optima de mecanismos para prótesis de miembro inferior mediante la implementación de herramientas de computación inteligente como los algoritmos genéticos, con el fin de reducir los tiempos de estudio. Resultados: Mediante estudios biomecánicos de la marcha, se obtuvieron la caracterización dimensional y parámetros de movimiento como el CIR de la articulación de la rodilla, con lo cual se desarrolló un modelo protésico, cuyo comportamiento mecánico estructural se estudió en condiciones de uso mediante el método de elementos finitos. Conclusiones: Se evidencia que el modelo de la prótesis cumple con los requisitos cinemáticos y es estructuralmente funcional bajo cargas estáticas y dinámicas que superan los valores nominales de carga real y evidencian factores de seguridad superiores a 7. Financiamiento: Universidad de Pamplona
School Curriculum in the News: Black Lives Matter and the Continuing Struggle for Culturally Responsive Education
Authors: Feuerstein Abe
Published: September 2022

This project examines similarities and differences in the ways that major U.S. newspapers (e.g., The New York Times, The Washington Post, etc.) and the more focused ethnic and minority press (e.g., The Baltimore Afro-American, The Milwaukee Courier, etc.) characterize educator’s efforts to adopt more culturally responsive educational practices and curriculum. The analysis utilized two distinct full-text ProQuest news databases, U.S. Major Dailies and Ethnic News Watch, and Boolean search logic to identify a corpus of 72 relevant articles. Within these articles, a process of close reading and coding identified three major frames that cut across articles drawn from both databases: Challenging the Dominant Narrative; Activism and Engaged Citizenship; and Defending American Heritage and Patriotism. Differences in the use of these frames across the two datasets are discussed. These frames are interpreted in light of conflicting views on the nature of the American dream.
School District Policies Regarding Appropriate Teacher-Student Relationships: What’s Missing and What Matters?
Authors: Russell Kristan N. , Burnham Melissa M. , Trescher Sarah A. , Knoche Victoria A.
Published: September 2022

Reports of sexual relationships between teachers and their students have risen across the country. This study qualitatively examines existing school district policies in Nevada to determine what the existing policies cover, how the potential consequences are outlined, whether the policies give teachers guidance on how to navigate tricky ethical situations, and lastly, what information is not covered within these policies. Our findings indicate that most districts use required boilerplate language about sexual harassment but lack specific guidance for navigating complex situations where boundaries seem to get crossed (e.g., social media). We conclude with recommendations for policy reform and continued education.
Dana Kampanye Pemilu yang Mahal, Sebuah Konsekuensi Logis atas Berlangsungnya Demokrasi Hari Ini
Authors: Setiawan Heri
Published: September 2022

"Hingar bingar foto penuh senyum dan nomor urut menghiasi seluruh penjuru jalanan utama hingga pelosok gang-gang kecil, dari yang berukuran sangat besar dan megah sampai yang kecil dan minimalis, dari yang didesain sempurna maupun yang alakadarnya. Tak ketinggalan pula, selogan dan janji manis melengkapi semarak peperangan mereka"Itulah sekiranya gambaran yang "menghantui" kita selama kurang lebih satu bulan masa kampanye Pemilu, baik itu pemilu legislatif ataupun pemilu Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Pada dasarnya, semua atribut- atribut tersebut memerlukan pendanaan. Jumlah dana yang diperlukan bisa berkisar puluhan ribu hingga puluhan juta. Peraturan perundang-undangan tentu mengatur semua prihal pendanaan pemilu. KPU juga Giat bergerak dalam meminta laporan dana kampenye Pemilu. bagi partai politik ataupun peserta pemilu yang akan mengikuti proses pemilu dengan tujuan untuk transaransi kepada publik, tertib administrasi, dan sebagai bentuk pelaksanan peraturan perundang-undangan. Ketika memasuki masa tenang kampanye, Pemerintah Kota/ Kabupaten akan menertibkan semua tempat dari atribut-atribut tersebut, abaik yang berbentuk baliho, benner, MMT, backdrop, poster, maupun stiker. Saat itulah, semua atribut tersebut berubah menjadi tak lebih dari tumpukan "sampah"
Degradasi Fungsi Parpol dalam Pendidikan Politik pada Kampanye Pemilu 2014
Authors: Halim Ilham Abdal
Published: September 2022

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Pembebanan Tanggungjawab Hukum Terhadap Multinational Corporations (MNCs) dalam Hukum Internasional
Authors: Darulzain Muhammad Rizqy
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan dunia ekonomi sekarang ini telah membuat Multinational Corporations (MNCs) menjadi aktor non negara yang memiliki peran sangat besar dalam dunia internasional maupun keadaan internal suatu negara. Negara-negara, khususnya negara berkembang, seolah tunduk pada setiap keputusan MNCs dikarenakan kekuatan ekonomi MNCs yang sangat besar dan memang negara-negara tersebut membutuhkan kehadiran MNCs dalam membuka lahan investasi. Sebagai contoh, Indonesia yang nyaris selalu bungkam saat ditekan oleh Freeport. Hukum nasional negara-negara tersebut menjadi tumpul dalam menuntut tanggungjawab MNCs atas segala imbas kegiatan-kegiatannya yang merugikan. Hukum internasional dirasa perlu dilibatkan perannya dalam mengatasi masalah ini.
Pers Mahasiswa dalam Benturan Neoliberalisme
Authors: Ash Shiddiq Ahmad Fahmi
Published: September 2022

Neoliberalisme menjadi besar dan menemukan momentumnya di tengah derasnya arus globalisasi abad ke-21. Dengan semangat liberalisme klasik, tetapi tampilan yang lebih futuristik dan menarik, membuatnya mampu merasuk dalam segala aspek kehidupan, tak terkecuali media dan informasi. Pelaku pers (jurnalis) mendapat tantangan yang besar, bukan lagi soal kebebasan berpendapat dan keterbukaan informasi publik, tetapi tentang idealisme, semangat membela dan mewartakan kebenaran, juga tantangan dari pers era citizen journalism (jurnalisme warga). Begitu pula pers mahasiswa, jurnalis-jurnalis kampus menghadapi tantangan dari maraknya arus neoliberalisme. Dengan semangat anak muda (mahasiswa), Pers Mahasiswa sangat dinantikan kiprah dan goresan emasnya di tengah lesunya gerakan mahasiswa dan derasnya arus neoliberalisme di Indonesia yang juga merasukpada sistemPendidikan Tinggi.Idealisme dan independensi Pers Mahasiswa mendapat benturanhebat dari neoliberalisme.Kata Kunci: Pers Mahasiswa, Neoliberalisme, Idealisme.
Amnesti Pajak Dalam Prespektif Keadilan dan Pembangunan Nasional
Authors: Chrystofer Chrystofer
Published: September 2022

Pembangunan nasional bertujuan untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang adil dan makmur, serta membutuhkan modal yang sangat besar. Modal, baik dalam bentuk uang maupun bentuk lainnya yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis, mempunyai peranan penting minimal dalam 2 hal, yaitu sebagai investasi dalam upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi untuk menciptakan kemakmuran rakyat, kedua, pertumbuhan ekonomi akan meningkatkan penerimaan pajak. Meskipun pajak bukan satu-satunya faktor pendorong minat investasi, akan tetapi sistem perpajakan yang berlaku di suatu negara menjadi pertimbangan sendiri bagi investor untuk memilih negara mana yang akan dijadikan tempat investasi. Pengenaan pajak yang relatif kecil atau pembebasan pajak pada suatu negara (tax haven) menjadi menarik bagi investor karena sudah menjadi gejala masyarakat di negara manapun. Orang cenderung untuk membayar pajak relatif kecil, bahkan mengelak atau menghindari pajak. Tindakan yang demikian jelas akan merugikan penerimaan negara dari sektor pajak (Tax Loss). Perkembangan global mengenai amnesti pajak dan pembebasan utang pajak semakin banyak dilakukan di berbagai negara, kemudian pemerintah Indonesia terdorong dan memutuskan untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan mengenai Amnesti Pajak. Amnesti pajak adalah program pengampunan yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah kepada wajib pajak meliputi penghapusan pajak yang seharusnya terutang, penghapusan sanksi administrasi perpajakan, serta penghapusan sanksi pidana di bidang perpajakan atas harta yang diperoleh. Amnesti pajak dilakukan dalam rangka perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia dalam menghadapi tekanan ekonomi global, tekanan ekonomi eksternal,maupun masalah internal ekonomi dalam negeri. Pemberian amnesti pajak dalam aspek lain juga dirasakan merugikan Negara dan bertentangan dengan keadilan. Hal ini disebabkan karena tidak adanya penghargaan bagi wajib pajak yang taat membayar pajaknya. Namun,penunggak pajak yang tidak membayar pajaknya sejak lama diberi keringanan dengan dihapuskan sanksi administrasi terkait utang pajak yang belum dibayarkan.Kata Kunci: Pembangunan nasional, amnesti pajak, keadilan.
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pemegang Hak Atas Tanah yang Tanahnya Berada di Atas Hak Pengelolaan
Authors: Ardani Mira Novana , Dewi IGA Gangga Santi
Published: September 2022

Salah satu wewenang pemegang Hak Pengelolaan adalah berhak dan dapat menyerahkan bagian-bagian tanah Hak Pengelolaan kepada pihak ketiga. Bukan berarti pemegang Hak Pengelolaan dapat melakukan hal-hal yang dapat merugikan, bahkan hingga sewenang-wenang kepada pemegang hak atas tanah yang tanahnya berada di atas Hak Pengelolaan tersebut. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah bagaimana upaya bagi pemegang hak atas tanah yang tanahnya berada di atas Hak Pengelolaan supaya mendapat perlindungan hukum.Upaya yang dapat ditempuh diantaranya pemegang Hak Pengelolaan berkewajiban mendaftarkan tanahnya ke Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten/Kota yang wilayah kerjanya meliputi letak tanah yang bersangkutan hingga memperoleh sertipikat Hak Pengelolaan. Selanjutnya membuat perjanjian penggunaan tanah antara pemegang Hak Pengelolaan dan pihak ketiga, sehingga lahir hak, kewajiban, dan larangan yang harus dipatuhi bersama, serta bagi pemegang hak atas tanah yang berada di atas tanah Hak Pengelolaan tersebut mendaftarkan haknya hingga memperoleh sertipikat hak atas tanah. Dengan demikian, bagi kedua belah pihak mendapat perlindungan hukum, dan dapat dicegah hal-hal yang dapat merugikan, bahkan tindakan sewenang-wenang khususnya bagi pihak ketiga yang tanahnya berdiri di atas Hak Pengelolaan.
Characteristics of the effect of exosomes isolated from donor plasma and placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium on the paracrine secretion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Natrus L. V. , Klys Yu. H. , Labudzynskyi D. O. , Chernovol P. A. , Khairnasov R. N. , Muzychenko P. F. , Ryzhko I. M.
Published: September 2022

Extracellular small vesicles – exosomes, attract the attention of researchers as a promising tool for regulating intercellular communication. At the same time, the therapeutic effects achieved through the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are traditionally considered by medicine as a time-tested, multi-vector strategy for the treatment of various pathologies. In particular, in addition to the application of MSCs directly, it is important to study the products of their secretion.
Aim. To study characteristics of the influence of exosomes isolated from blood plasma of healthy donors and conditioned medium of placental mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture on paracrine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) in vitro.
Materials and methods. The characteristics of paracrine secretion of PBMCs in patients with CHF by the content of proteins VEGF-A, MCP-1, ICAM-1 in their culture medium were studied in two directions: under the influence of exosomes isolated from plasma of healthy donors and exosomes isolated from placental MSC culture medium.
Results. Incubation of PBMCs with plasma exosomes increased VEGF-A secretion in the group of healthy donors by 2.73 times (P ≤ 0.05), in patients with CHF – by 2 times (P ≤ 0.05); but there were a multidirectional effect on the content of ICAM-1 protein: it was 1.8 times (P ≤ 0.05) increased in the group of donors and 1.4 times (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the group of CHF patients; MCP-1 secretion was insignificantly 10 % reduced in the donor group and did not change significantly in patients. Incubation of РВМС with exosomes isolated from MSC conditioned medium did not cause significant changes in paracrine secretion of PBMCs: there was a decrease in secretion of VEGF-A by 25 %, ICAM-1 by 17 %, MCP-1 by 22 % in the group of healthy volunteers; secretion of these proteins was 19.7 %, 22.0 % and 25.0 % decreased, respectively, in the group of CHF patients. The effects observed in the incubation of PBMCs with exosomes isolated from blood plasma of healthy donors and conditioned medium of placental MSC culture have provided valuable information for the design of future studies in this area of cell biology.
Conclusions. Our studies have demonstrated in vitro the effects of exosomes isolated from donor plasma and conditioned medium on the functional properties of human PBMCs.
Dynamics of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus prevalence among patients of the Chernivtsi region
Authors: Blinder O. O. , Blinder O. V. , Rotar D. V. , Humenna A. V.
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) during 2018–2020 among patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of different localization in the Chernivtsi region.
Materials and methods. A total of 804 strains of S. aureus were studied. Isolates were identified by morphological, tinctorial, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested. Preparation and the susceptibility testing were performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (2017), as well as quality control of each batch of antibiotic discs (Oxoid, UK). Determination of methicillin resistance was performed by a surrogate test using a disk of 30 μg cefoxitin.
Results. The significant increasing in the frequency of MRSA were found in 2020 as compared to previous years – a total of 1.6–2.0 times compared to 2018 and 2019. The difference between 2019 and 2020 was statistically significant: tφ = 2.49 (P ˂ 0.05). There was also a clear upward tendency in the isolation frequency of poly-resistant strains during the observation period.
Conclusions. Significant changes in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus strains from foci of purulent-inflammatory processes of different localization were not detected over the years of observations. There was an increase in the isolation frequency of the MRSA strains from patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases in the Chernivtsi region in 2020 mainly due to isolation of such strains from the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and tonsils. The proportion of MRSA poly-resistant strains increased significantly (almost twice) during the observation period suggesting that their spread should be monitored.
Comparison of traditional radiofrequency ablation and high-power short-duration ablation in the treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Yakushev A. V. , Paratsii O. Z.
Published: September 2022

Atrial tachyarrhythmias are becoming more common in the population. The prevalence increases with age. Often, these arrhythmias lead to disability and reduced life expectancy (indirectly through strokes). Drug therapy of atrial tachyarrhythmias reduces symptoms but does not completely resolve issue of treatment. In this regard, surgical treatment (catheter ablation) is preferable. One of the methods of catheter ablation is ablation using radio frequency energy. The key parameters of radiofrequency catheter ablation are the energy delivered to the endocardium and the time of this energy delivery. According to the traditional method, it is customary to use energy of 30 Watts for 30 s at one point. This technique has a disadvantage – in 30 s the electrode can be displaced, and the application of energy has to be repeated. A new strategy was proposed – reducing the application time by increasing the energy to respond to the challenge of high probability of electrode displacement.
The aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the рhigh-power short-duration protocol.
Materials and methods. To carry out this work, we analyzed the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation with the help of radiofrequency catheter ablation – isolation of the pulmonary veins. In patient group 1, ablation was performed using an irrigated ablation electrode with an energy of 30 Watts and an application time of 30 s, in group 2 – using the irrigated electrode with the energy of 70 Watts and the application time of 5 s. Ablations were performed under the control of radiography and electroanatomical mapping system. Full electrical isolation of the four pulmonary veins with confirmation of the entrance and exit block were considered as the criteria of efficiency.
Results. When comparing the groups by the number of required application cycles during the procedure needed to achieve the clinical effect and time to the first recurrence in all positions of the electrode, group 2 showed a lower number of applications and shorter time to the first recurrence. Reducing the time to pulmonary vein isolation, the number of relapses and restarting the control time, as well as shortening the time spent on the need to rebuild the electroanatomical map have resulted in a significant decrease in the duration of the radiofrequency ablation procedure.
Conclusions. The work has shown that the use of the new protocol is more effective and allows to achieve the criteria of success faster than the traditional technique; the number of the procedure complications was not higher compared to traditional methods. When using the ablation protocol with higher energy, a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation recurrence was recorded.
Efficacy and safety of warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation using genotype-guided dosing method
Authors: Kolesnyk M. Yu. , Mykhailovskyi Ya. M.
Published: September 2022

The aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of warfarin (WF) therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using pharmacogenetic dosing method at an anticoagulant monitoring office according to the results of a one-year prospective follow-up.
Materials and methods. The study involved 110 patients with AF (mean age 68.72 ± 0.79; men – 57, women – 53). By the method of stratified randomization, the patients with AF were divided into two groups: the main group – 50 patients with AF and genotype-guided dosing method, the control group – 60 patients with AF and clinical dosing method. The outcomes were examined after the one-year follow-up: excessive hypocoagulation episodes (INR > 4) and bleeding. CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 gene polymorphisms were determined using multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction; INR was controlled monthly; CHA2DS2-VASC, HAS-BLED, SAMe-TT2R2 scale scores were evaluated; TTR was calculated using the Rosendaal method.
Results. The distribution of CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 genotypes in the main and control groups were in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In patients with AF and genotype-guided dosing, the frequency and risk of excessive hypocoagulation episodes (χ2 = 5.11; P < 0.05; RR = 0.50 (CI 0.27; 0.94)) and bleeding (χ2 = 9.57; P < 0.05; RR = 0.41 (CI 0.22; 0.77)) were significantly lower. However, the groups did not differ in TTR.
The validity of genetic-guided dosing was confirmed by the comparability of the medians and the direct correlation between the calculated and therapeutic WF doses (r = +0.57; P < 0.05). There were no relationships between TTR, excessive hypocoagulation episodes, hemorrhagic complications and clinical and genetic factors in the main group.
Conclusions. In patients with AF, the use of genotype-guided dosing method in the anticoagulant monitoring office helped to reduce the frequency and risk of excessive hypocoagulation episodes and bleeding as well as eliminate the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors in the personalized management of patients.
Problematic aspects of modern professional training of pharmacy masters
Authors: Tkachenko N. O. , Hromovyk B. Р.
Published: September 2022

The aim of the research is to analyze the process of professional training of pharmacy master’s in modern realities to identify problematic issues and find ways to solve them.
Materials and methods. Critical analysis, content analysis, methods of generalization, and a combination of results were used in the work. Legal acts of the regulation of pharmaceutical education, data from the Unified State Database of education, 34 educational and professional programs for the preparation of pharmacy masters of 22 basic pharmaceutical institutions of higher education in the pharmaceutical direction were the material of the study.
Results. The presence of a significant number of institutions of higher education was found. It leads to high costs per student due to the large volumes of their contingents in most institutions, as well as the likelihood of a slight global shortage and a decrease in the level of qualification. At the same time, there were no significant savings in training costs, which arises from the scale of activities. In addition, there is no proper state and public control over compliance with the institutions of higher education legal acts in the field of education and science. Analysis of the content of educational and professional programs revealed non-compliance with the legislation on the normative and variable part of the construction of the educational process and a significant variety of educational components. The existence of different approaches to the minimum number of credits for these components and graduation certification has been found. It will affect the process of integration of graduates into the international professional environment. It was shown that in a number of the institutions of higher education there was an inadequate qualification level of scientific and pedagogical workers in graduate departments and developers of the educational and professional programs.
Conclusions. 78 institutions of higher education have been training pharmaceutical specialists on 23.02.2022. The proportion of part-time students among future specialists was characterized by an increase in the education level. Significant disagreements have been established among the cross-cutting educational and professional programs, according to which the training of Master of Pharmacy was carried out at the present stage. The ways of solving problematic issues of improving the educational space for the preparation of Master of Pharmacy were proposed.
A new method for the synthesis of 4-aminobenzoic acid – an intermediate for the production of procaine
Authors: Halstian A. H. , Baula O. P. , Tarasenko H. V.
Published: September 2022

Procaine is one of the oldest local anesthetics used in medicine. When absorbed and entering the systemic circulation reduces the excitability of peripheral cholinoreactive systems. Has a blocking effect on the autonomic ganglia, reduces smooth muscle spasms, and reduces the excitability of the myocardium and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. It is synthesized by oxidizing 4-nitrotoluene to 4-nitrobenzoic acid, which is subsequently reacted with thionyl chloride, the resulting acid chloride is then esterified with 2-diethylaminoethanol to give nitrocaine. Finally, the nitro group is reduced by hydrogenation over a Raney nickel catalyst. The oxidation stage is characterized by the formation of toxic, difficult to dispose of wastewater, valuable mineral oxidants, or high temperatures and excess pressure, in the case of using oxygen as an oxidant. Therefore, the search for new environmentally friendly and low-temperature methods of obtaining 4-nitrobenzoic acid is an urgent task.
The aim of the work is to study the products, conditions, and study kinetics of the reaction of ozone with 4-nitrotoluene in acetic acid solution to develop a new method for the synthesis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid.
Materials and methods. The glacial acetic acid qualification “P. F. A.” before use was purified by distillation under vacuum in the presence of potassium permanganate. Salts of metals of qualification “P. F. A.” and potassium bromide qualification “Ch. P.” were used without prior purification. A gas-phase gradient-free catalytic duck reactor was used for kinetic studies. The mixing of gas and liquid phases in the reactor was achieved by shaking the reactor at a speed that allowed it to work in the kinetic region. The kinetics of the reaction was studied by changing the concentration of ozone in the gas phase at the outlet of the reactor by spectrophotometric method on a spectrophotometer “SF-46 LOMO”.
Results. The products, conditions, and kinetics of ozone reaction with 4-nitrotoluene were studied. It was shown that at temperatures of 20–90 °C is mainly ozonolysis of the aromatic ring, and the total yield of oxidation products by methyl group does not exceed 24.2 %, among which identified in the early stages of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and at deeper – 4-nitrobenzoic acid. The introduction of cobalt (II) acetate into the catalyst system almost completely was prevented ozonolysis and the main reaction product is 4-nitrobenzoic acid with a yield of 86.5 %. The addition of potassium bromide to the solution reduced the concentration of the catalyst by seven times and increased the reaction rate and yield of 4-nitrobenzoic acid to 95.6 %.
Conclusions. A new environmentally friendly, low-temperature method for the synthesis of 4-nitrobenzoic acid by conducting the process of ozonation of 4-nitrotoluene in a solution of glacial acetic acid in the presence of a mixed cobalt bromide catalyst was developed.
Re-tilting the Dramatic Realism: the Obari Gomba’s Guerrilla Post Experience
Authors: Azunwo Eziwho Emenike
Published: September 2022

From the past centuries, realism and its attendant understanding has been the subject of numerous academic and artistic discourses, observations, analysis, findings and recommendations. Today, the shape of realism and her scholarly projections therein is gradually becoming outdated and has subsequently transformed into contemporary artistic movements. The drive to be constantly engaged in academic postulations have kept academics restless, pontificating in different intellectual round-tables, which have led to adaptation, alteration, imitation, replication, and above all, freshness of ideas and scholarly improvements in all ramifications. This article reflects on the prism of re-tilting the dramatic realism as the only adequate mirror in concretely reflecting the society the way it is. This paper anchors its analysis on Obari Gomba’s Guerrilla Post with the character of Kafta on the centre of magnetism. This research relies on the Lifestyle theory which alleges that human beings are targeted as a result of their lifestyle choices. The aim of this consideration is to show how Guerrilla Post interrogates and reflects the modern day Nigerian society with the pockets of agitations, insurgencies, insurrections, hate speech propaganda, political inconsideration, rape, and police brutality thereof. The paper recommends that equitable distribution of wealth, political appointments and justice for those killed by the state apparatus and insensitive administration is the only panacea for national stability and economic productivity.
Heterozygous expression of Cre recombinase in podocytes has no impact on the anti‐glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis model in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Mousseaux Cyril , Migeon Tiffany , Frère Perrine , Verpont Marie Christine , Lutete Elisabeth , Navarro Claire , Louedec Liliane , Hadchouel Juliette
Published: September 2022

A recent article described a thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) along with changes in the expression of key components of the extracellular matrix in 6‐month‐old NPHS2‐Cre transgenic mice, which express the Cre recombinase specifically in podocytes. This transgenic line has been widely used to characterize the implication of candidate genes in glomerular diseases in younger mice. Using a different mouse strain (C57BL/6J) than the previous report (129S6/SvEvTac), we sought to characterize 3‐ and 6‐month‐old NPHS2‐Cre+/− mice in control and pathological conditions. At baseline, there was no difference in renal function and histology between control and NPHS2‐Cre+/− mice. Notably, GBM thickness evaluated by transmission electron microscopy was similar between the two groups. We then induced an immune‐mediated severe glomerular insult, the anti‐glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis model (anti‐GBM‐GN) in 3‐month‐old control and NPHS2‐Cre+/− mice. NPHS2‐Cre+/− mice exhibited the same alterations in renal function and structure as control mice. In summary, our study strongly suggests that NPHS2‐Cre+/− transgenic mice on a C57BL/6J background can be safely used for podocyte‐specific gene inactivation in control conditions and in the anti‐GBM‐GN model.
Posidonius’ Two Systems: Animals and Emotions in Middle Stoicism
Authors: Harriman Benjamin
Published: September 2022

This paper attempts to reconstruct the views of the Stoic Posidonius on the emotions, especially as presented by Galen’s On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato. This is a well-studied area, and many views have been developed over the last few decades. It is also significant that the reliability of Galen’s account is openly at issue. Yet it is not clear that the interpretative possibilities have been fully demarcated. Here I develop Galen’s claim that Posidonius accepted a persistent, non-rational aspect of the soul that he connects with the merely animal part of humans. The aim is to begin from this testimony in answering two questions: (1) How might the possession of a non-rational element of the soul operate alongside the hêgemonikon (leading-part of the soul) as a source of impulse for Posidonius. (2) How does this persistent animal aspect conform to the Stoic ontological classification found in their scala naturae? I shall argue in response to these that (a) Posidonius distinguished the merely cognitive aspects of the soul from those that are rational, and (b) that the hêgemonikon itself is not to be identified with what is rational. Accepting a persistent non-rational source of emotional impulses allows Posidonius a richer framework for explaining human affective responses and behaviours. I also briefly address Galen’s motivation for the account he offers. It is in view of Posidonius’ approach to Plato’s Timaeus that Galen’s discussion finds its most plausible interpretation.