bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jurisdictional Resource Factors Influencing Adoption and Implementation of the Public Safety Assessment During Pretrial
Authors: Grodensky Catherine A. , Comfort Megan , Trudeau James , Tibaduiza Elizabeth , Demichele Matthew
Published: December 2024

Criminal legal systems are increasingly adopting actuarial pretrial assessments which use statistical formulas to estimate individuals’ probability of adhering to pretrial requirements and guide the conditions of their supervision. A large gap in the study of pretrial assessments is due to inattention to implementation of these assessments in real-world settings. We conducted qualitative research examining personnel and data resource factors that influenced adoption and implementation of one pretrial assessment, the Public Safety Assessment (PSA) in seven counties in the United States. Qualitative interviews with legal and community actors were conducted and supplemented with implementation process data to elucidate personnel and data capacity factors impacting PSA adoption and implementation. Findings suggest that generally, jurisdictions with existing pretrial services programs were more likely to adopt the PSA and to encounter fewer barriers to implementation due to personnel and data infrastructure. Implications for PSA adoption and implementation in future pretrial settings are discussed.
Quantized ADMM design for distributed strongly convex optimization
Authors: Yin Xiaoqi , Yu Wenqiang , Cheng Songsong , He Shuping
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a novel quantized alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for distributed optimization problems where the strongly convex objective function contains smooth and non-smooth parts. When the objective function is strongly convex and smooth, we show that the proposed quantized ADMM converges to an exact solution with an R-linearly convergent rate. We also present that the proposed algorithm converges to a more accurate solution than that of existing optimization algorithms with a fixed quantization interval if the objective function is strongly convex and non-smooth. Moreover, the convergent performance and the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. Finally, we provide two numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Orally dissolving pilocarpine tablets for xerostomia in advanced cancer: A pilot N-of-1 feasibility study
Authors: Foster Karyn , Mitchell Geoff , Richard Evan , Steadman Kathryn J , Senior Hugh , Estafanos Rose , Hardy Janet
Published: December 2024

Background:

Xerostomia is a common and difficult symptom experienced by patients with cancer. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agent that stimulates salivation.

Aim:

To assess the feasibility of conducting a N-of-1 trial to determine the efficacy of pilocarpine orally dissolving tablets in patients with xerostomia.

Design:

Double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled N-of-1 trials of 5 mg pilocarpine tablets vs placebo. Each trial consisted of three 6-day cycles containing pilocarpine (3 days) and placebo (3 days) in random order.

Setting/participants:

Participants with advanced cancer and xerostomia (scoring >3 on an 11-point numerical rating scale) from any cause, were recruited from an inpatient and outpatient palliative care unit in Brisbane, Australia.

Results:

Eighteen people were recruited in 17 months. Nine withdrew, seven before or during the first 4 days. Three withdrew due to unacceptable side effects. Two participants met the definition of response (⩾2 point reduction in mean scores active vs placebo cycles). When assessing individual cycles, 15 out of 27 cycles (56%) met the definition of response. More people reported at least one mild episode during pilocarpine than placebo of nausea (6 vs 3), vomiting (3 vs 0) and sweating (3 vs 2). About 48% of adverse event classifications were reported in placebo cycles only.

Conclusion:

Recruitment to an N-of-1 trial for xerostomia is feasible but attrition was high (50%). Early dropout may have been due to the trial length, complexity, appropriateness or number of questionnaires. Adverse events were generally mild. Two of 10 participants were considered to have benefited from pilocarpine warranting ongoing treatment.
Model for Predicting the Anti-Frost-Jacking Capacity of a Belled Pile in Seasonally Frozen Soil Regions
Authors: Huang Xubin , Liu Ting , Shi Guangshan , Ren Bofeng , Xu Dechao
Published: December 2024

In seasonally frozen soil regions, frost heave may result in frost jacking or the failure of piles, posing a potential threat to the structural integrity of upper constructions. The belled pile, which has an enlarged base, can be applied in such places to reduce this adverse effect. To predict the anti-frost-jacking capacity of belled piles, a model is proposed that is based on Mindlin’s solution and the principle of virtual work. The anti-frost-jacking capacity is characterized by the anchorage factor: the ratio between the anchorage force and the tangential frost heave force. Based on this model, we consider factors affecting the anti-frost-jacking capacity, including the tangential frost heave stress, the ratio of enlarged base diameter to pile diameter ( D/ d), the ratio of embedded depth to enlarged base diameter ( L/ D), and the bell angle. The results of the proposed model agree well with test data, thereby validating the model. The anchorage force of a belled pile increases linearly with tangential frost heave stress and exponentially with freezing depth. However, increasing the tangential frost heave stress has no effect on the anti-frost-jacking capacity at the same freezing depth. Moreover, increasing D/ d or the bell angle while decreasing L/ D can benefit the anti-frost-jacking capacity of a belled pile.
Exploring Survivors’ Decisions to Re-Engage With the Criminal Legal System in Cold Case Sexual Assault Investigations
Authors: Javorka McKenzie , Campbell Rebecca
Published: December 2024

Large stockpiles of unsubmitted sexual assault kits have been discovered across the United States and are disproportionately concentrated in predominantly Black communities. Recent testing of stockpiled sexual assault kits and reopening sexual assault “cold cases” for reinvestigation and prosecution created a second opportunity for justice through the criminal legal system for some sexual assault survivors. This study explored survivors’ decision-making regarding re-engagement with the criminal legal system. Researchers conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 32 sexual assault survivors who chose to participate in the reinvestigation and prosecution of their case following a victim notification. Most participants were Black or African American women (88%). Motivations for re-engagement included a desire to prevent future harm, seek personal justice, and find closure. Concerns about re-engagement included fears about safety and the potential emotional toll of the reinvestigation and prosecution. These findings hold implications for how jurisdictions conduct victim notifications and the need for confidential, community-based advocacy to help survivors navigate the decision to re-engage. Police jurisdictions should prioritize testing both current and previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits and ensure that survivors are empowered to make informed decisions regarding their re-engagement in the legal process.
A finite element study on the mechanical properties of polymer/hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Charitos Ilias , Kontou Evagelia
Published: December 2024

In the present work, the elastic modulus of two series of polymer/hybrid nanocomposites, with a combination of graphene oxide (GO) either with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at an equal ratio and varying the total loading, was studied by a 3D finite element method. The two polymers employed as matrices were linear low-density polyethylene (mLLDPE) and poly-lactic acid (PLA) and comparison with the experimental data has been performed. The different degree of the mechanical enhancement between the two series of the polymer nanocomposites at comparable nanofiller loadings was analyzed. Given the importance of the geometrical features, the assumptions of straight and curved CNTs/CNFs, agglomeration and a combination of agglomeration and curvature, four representative volume elements (RVEs) were generated within the frame of Digimat-FE. A closer approximation to the experimental data was achieved under the assumption of both agglomeration and curvature. The lowest deviation was detected for the PLA/GO/CNF hybrid nanocomposites at the three nanofiller loadings. It was revealed that considering the coexistence of agglomerates formation and the curvature of CNTs/CNFs is an important condition for predicting the Young’s modulus.
The Role of Hispanic Women’s Marital Status on Intimate Partner Violence and Reproductive Coercion Resulting in Unintended Pregnancy
Authors: Espinoza Luis Enrique , Espinoza Lucas Enrique , Diosdado Leobardo , Nguyen-Finn Kim , Talleff Jennifer L.
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the impact of Hispanic women’s marital status on the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and reproductive coercion (RC), resulting in unintended pregnancy (UIP). This is a significant public health concern as prior research has shown Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by UIP more than non-Hispanic White women. Data were drawn from the 2018 to 2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System dataset of Hispanic women ( n = 3,725) who have just given birth within the last 9 months and responded to all relevant survey items. The reporting of preconception IPV or any IPV exacerbated UIP, whereas RC reporting reduced UIP. When stratified by marital status, the association remained between IPV and UIP while it disappeared between RC and UIP. Married Hispanic participants did, however, show an association between RC and UIP. These findings have important implications for public health professionals serving marginalized populations in relationships to identify pregnancy prevention strategies such as discreet contraception use to provide IPV victims with support, resources, and care.
A Chain Mediation Model of Basic Need Satisfaction and Self-Concept Clarity Between Harsh Parenting and Problematic Internet Use Among Adolescents
Authors: Kong Fanchang , Chen Shenghan , Tang Feng , Li Huizhi
Published: December 2024

This study presents a model of harsh parenting that has an indirect and direct effect on problematic Internet use (PIU) through the mediating process of basic need satisfaction and self-concept clarity. A sample of 490 Chinese middle-school adolescents completed anonymous questionnaires regarding harsh parenting, PIU, basic need satisfaction, and self-concept clarity during class sessions. After controlling the sex, grade, and history of Internet use, harsh parenting was positively related to PIU. Moreover, basic need satisfaction and self-concept clarity mediated the association between harsh parenting and PIU among adolescents. These findings indicate that basic need satisfaction and self-concept clarity are protective factors in reducing the negative effect of harsh parenting on PIU. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Development of Nipple Trauma Evaluation System With Deep Learning
Authors: Nakamura Maya , Sugimori Hiroyuki , Ebina Yasuhiko
Published: December 2024

Background:

No research has been conducted on the use of deep learning for breastfeeding support.

Research Aim:

This study aims to develop a nipple trauma evaluation system using deep learning.

Methods:

We used an exploratory data analysis approach to develop a deep-learning model for medical imaging. Employing object detection and classification, this Japanese study retrieved 753 images from a previous study. The classification protocol, based on the “seven signs of nipple trauma associated with breastfeeding,” categorized the images into eight classes. For practical purposes, the eight original classes were consolidated into four broader categories: “None,” “Minor,” “Moderate,” and “Severe,” using data augmentation procedures that were consistent with the original classification system. The Precision, Recall, Overall Accuracy, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were calculated, and the model’s efficiency was evaluated using Frames Per Second (FPS).

Results:

The object detector’s high mean average precision and frames per second rate for nipple and areola detection, confirmed exceptional accuracy. The eight-class image classifier returned notable AUC values, with fissures, peeling, purpura, and scabbing exceeding 0.8. The highest average recall and precision was for scabbing, and the lowest for blistering. The four-class classifier accurately predicted severe conditions, with an average AUC > 0.7, whereas categories without classifications and those deemed minor had lower recall and precision rates.

Conclusions:

A sophisticated deep learning system detects and classifies nipple trauma automatically, potentially aiding breastfeeding caregivers through objective image assessment and operational improvements.

Abstract in Japanese

背景： 母乳育児支援における深層学習の活用に関する研究は行われていない。 目的： 本研究は、深層学習を用いた乳頭損傷評価システムの開発を目的とした。 方法： 本研究では、医療画像を用いた深層学習モデルを開発するため、探索的データ分析アプローチを用いた。物体検出および画像分類の技術を用い、日本で行われた先行研究で撮影された753枚の画像を二次解析した。「授乳に伴う乳頭組織の７所見」に基づき、画像を8クラスに分類した。実用性を考慮し、4つの主要カテゴリ「なし」、「軽度」、「中等度」、「重度」の4つのカテゴリに統合し、元の分類システムに一致するデータ拡張を行った。精度、再現率、Overall Accuracy、AUC（曲線下面積）を算出し、モデルの効率はFPS（Frames Per Second）で評価した。 結果： 物体検出における高いmAP（平均精度）とFPSが示され、乳頭および乳輪の検出精度が確認された。8クラスの画像分類は、亀裂、皮膚剝離、紫斑、痂皮で0.8を超える顕著なAUC値が得られた。再現率と精度が最も高かったのは痂皮であり、水疱で最も低かった。4クラスの画像分類は重度の状態を正確に予測し、平均AUCは0.7を超えたが、傷なしや軽度とされるカテゴリは再現率と精度が低い結果となった。 結論： 深層学習を活用したこの高度なシステムは、乳頭損傷の検出と分類を自動で行うことができ、客観的な画像評価を通じて、母乳育児支援者の教育と業務改善をサポートする有望なツールとなり得る。 Back Translation Completed by Hiroko Hongo, MSW, PhD, IBCLC
Mask R-CNN assisted diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis
Authors: Li Wenjun , Li Yanfan , Peng Huan , Liang Wenjun
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of spinal tuberculosis (ST) is particularly high in underdeveloped regions with inadequate medical conditions. This not only leads to misdiagnosis and delays in treatment progress but also contributes to the continued transmission of tuberculosis bacteria, posing a risk to other individuals. Currently, CT imaging is extensively utilized in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). The main features of ST on CT images include bone destruction, osteosclerosis, sequestration formation, and intervertebral disc damage. However, manual diagnosis by doctors may result in subjective judgments and misdiagnosis. Therefore, an accurate and objective method is needed for diagnosing of spinal tuberculosis. In this paper, we put forward an assistive diagnostic approach for spinal tuberculosis that is based on deep learning. The approach uses the Mask R-CNN model. Moreover, we modify the original model network by incorporating the ResPath and cbam* to improve the performance metrics, namely [Formula: see text] and F1-score. Meanwhile, other deep learning models such as Faster-RCNN and SSD were also compared. Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced model can effectively identify spinal tuberculosis lesions, with an [Formula: see text] of 0.9175, surpassing the original model’s 0.8340, and an F1-score of 0.9335, outperforming the original model’s 0.8657.
A real-time bi-level path planning approach for the conflict-free routing problem of multi-AGV systems
Authors: Luo Zhuojun , Liu Dameng , Yang Weiyong , Feng Shiquan , Wen Zhe
Published: December 2024

A real-time bi-level path planning approach is proposed to address the conflict-free routing problem of multi-AGV systems. At the static path planning level, an enhanced A* algorithm is proposed, which considers risks of different types of conflicts as path searching costs, in order to minimize conflicts during path searching. At the dynamic traffic control level, Petri net based traffic controllers are designed for dynamic traffic management on conflicting nodes and arcs to prevent AGV collisions. Computational test results demonstrate that the improved A* algorithm can significantly reduce preplanned path conflicts. The Petri net based traffic controllers are able to effectively guide AGVs to avoid collisions when conflicts arise. The computational times for both levels are within milliseconds, which is crucial for real-time applications.
Effect of Contaminant Migration During the Processing of Tri-Layer Containers on the Time of Liquid Food Protection
Authors: Rosca I.D. , Vergnaud J.M.
Published: December 2024

Recycling old polymer as new food packages is possible when bi-or tri-layer packages are made with a virgin polymer layer in contact with the food. The main problem consists of evaluating the time of food protection. During the processing of tri-layer containers, any contaminant initially in the recycled polymer layer is transferred through the package by diffusion with a temperature-dependent diffusivity. During the short period of cooling, the diffusivity is very high and the transfer is significant. A numerical model is developed, taking account of both the heat transfer by convection at the surfaces and by conduction, and the transfer of the contaminant. The profiles of contaminant concentration are thus obtained at the end of the processing. Another numerical model is built in order to evaluate the migration of the contaminant at room temperature through the package into the liquid food. The process in this new case is controlled by diffusion through the package with constant diffusivity and also by convection into the liquid. The kinetics of pollution of the food is thus obtained, as well as the time of food protection. Dimensionless numbers are used so as to obtain master curves.
A problem without a cause: Framing the agenda within sport for development organisations
Authors: Slater Kelsey , Moustakas Louis
Published: December 2024

Critical examinations of the sport for development (SfD) field have highlighted concerns related to an emphasis on individual-level solutions and outcomes and the reinforcement of current neoliberal power structures. As such, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how SfD organisations use their annual reports to frame social problems, define the causes of those problems, the role of sport in crafting solutions to development problems, and make moral judgements related to their work in the SfD sector. Using framing theory as a framework, a qualitative content analysis of the annual reports from 2019 to 2021 of five prominent SfD organisations was conducted. The researchers used an open coding methodology to develop a codebook based on the four functions of framing: defining problems, identifying causes, determining solutions, and making moral judgements. The analysis revealed a lack of consistent salience of social problems except for the COVID-19 pandemic. The causes for these problems were largely ignored within the annual report documents; instead, organisations focused on the solutions they were working to implement. Solutions were framed primarily through the expansion or continuance of their active programming, bolstering the claim that their active SfD efforts are working.
Experiences of Service Coordinators Utilizing the Getting Ready Approach for Home Visits
Authors: Kuhn Miriam , Higgins Johanna
Published: December 2024

Service coordinators (SCs) in Part C early intervention (EI) programs fulfill critical supportive roles assisting families in accessing and successfully navigating services needed for their infants/toddlers identified with delays or disabilities. However, evidence of effective training for SCs is limited. One state scaled up training in the Getting Ready approach to promoting family–professional partnerships and strengthening home visiting practices of dedicated SCs and their EI provider teammates. In this mixed method study, surveys were completed by 50 trained SCs, their 15 supervisors, and 81 trained EI providers working with the SCs. Forty-one participants were subsequently interviewed in focus groups. Findings indicated SCs’ abilities to fulfill key roles and responsibilities on EI teams were bolstered and family capacity in terms of ownership of their EI services and ability to self-advocate grew. Overall quality of EI services was positively impacted. Implications for SC training are discussed.
Unraveling the interplay between social-emotional need satisfaction and self-regulated learning: Longitudinal evidence from university students in China’s EMI programs
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhou Sihan
Published: December 2024

The study examined the relationship between social-emotional need satisfaction and self-regulated learning (SRL) of English-medium instruction (EMI) university students in China. Guided by self-determination theory and a social cognitive understanding of self-regulation, the study conceptualized basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as socially constructed to interact with self-regulated strategic behavior. The study is situated in an EMI higher education context, where students’ needs for social interactions are more likely to suffer from an expectation to use English, a second language (L2) that students have limited proficiency in, for academic communications and interactions. A longitudinal mixed-methods design was adopted, collecting questionnaire data from 392 participants twice during an academic semester followed by semi-structured interviews with a sub-cohort of 13 students. Results from a cross-lagged panel modeling analysis revealed a bi-directional, reciprocal relationship between social-emotional need satisfaction and SRL strategy use. Thematic analysis of the interview data further illustrated that the satisfaction of specific types of need such as autonomy facilitated metacognitive and social regulation strategy use. In turn, social regulation, among all SRL strategy types, most heavily affected the satisfaction of various types of social-emotional needs. Implications are offered to EMI policymaking and teaching to create a social-emotionally supportive environment for cultivating self-regulated L2 learners.
Resonance and reflexivity as pathways to eudaimonia in the Anthropocene?
Authors: Ståhl Christian
Published: December 2024

The Anthropocene challenges our ways of relating to the world and our ideas of how to lead a good and ethical life under the threat of climate catastrophe. In this article, two theoretical propositions around how we relate to the world are explored in search for synergies to help outline pathways to a good life: Hartmut Rosa's resonance theory and Margaret S. Archer's reflexivity theory. Both focus on our encounters with the world and suggest ways in which we may formulate private and political concerns and strategies to guide the search for a good life and a good society. Resonance and reflexivity both demand a fundamental openness to the world and suggest how to formulate life strategies that does not ignore the knowledge of climate change but foster and use capacities to engage in collective action towards social change. By integrating resonance and meta-reflexivity, we can form a theoretical basis for an integrated approach to promote such collective action on macro, meso and micro levels.
Impacts of adapted dance on mood and physical function among persons living with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bennett Crystal G , Guttmann Rodney P , Hackney Madeleine E , Amin Raid , Weaver Savannah
Published: December 2024

Background

Most individuals living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) experience one or more neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as agitation which negatively impacts their quality of life. Adapted dance integrates recorded music and movement that is appropriate for people with cognitive limitations. Adapted dance may be an enjoyable activity for persons living with ADRD and may provide psychological and physical benefits.

Objective

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of an adapted dance intervention with persons with ADRD and the impacts of 12 weeks of adapted dancing on agitation, balance, gait, lower extremity strength, and caregiver burden.

Methods

This study used an experimental design with repeated measures. Participants with ADRD were randomly assigned to a usual care or adapted line dance group that met 60 min twice a week. At pre-test, 4-, 8-, and 12 weeks of intervention, measures were collected for agitation, balance, gait, lower extremity strength, and caregiver burden.

Results

The sample consisted of 4 males and 12 females (n = 16) with ADRD whose age ranged from 69–97 years. Twelve weeks of adapted line dance was found acceptable by ADRD participants. Participants attended ≥90% of dance sessions and did not experience loss of balance or fall. ADRD participants danced an average of 70 min per week. Both groups had improvements in agitation from baseline to 12 weeks.

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of adapted dance was shown to be feasible and enjoyable for persons living with ADRD. Clinicians should consider adapted dance as part of an exercise prescription.
Trusting ChatGPT Usage in Personalized Travel Planning: The Moderating Role of Privacy and Data Security
Authors: Abou-Shouk Mohamed , Elbaz Ahmed Mohamed , Al-Leheabi Saleh Muhammad Zeki Mahmood , AbuElEnain EmadEddin , Shabana Maha Misbah
Published: December 2024

ChatGPT has become one source of personalized recommendations used by travelers in travel planning contexts. This research aims to examine the ChatGPT usage dimensions and its impact on travelers’ level of trust in ChatGPT recommendations and their behavioral intention of future use. It also tests the moderating effect of privacy and data security on the relationship between travelers’ trust and behavioural intention. Using PLS-SEM to analyze collected data of travelers from the UAE and Oman, and using the multi-group analysis technique, findings revealed a positive impact of ChatGPT usage dimensions on travelers’ trust and behavioral intention. Interestingly, findings revealed a negative moderating effect of privacy and data security on travelers’ trust in ChatGPT recommendations and behavioral intention of usage. Theoretical and practical contributions of the results are also offered.
On synthetic difference-in-differences and related estimation methods in Stata
Authors: Clarke Damian , Pailañir Daniel , Athey Susan , Imbens Guido
Published: December 2024

In this article, we describe a computational implementation of the synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID) estimator of Arkhangelsky et al. (2021, American Economic Review 111: 4088-4118) for Stata. SDID can be used in many circumstances where treatment effects on some particular policy or event are desired and repeated observations on treated and untreated units are available over time. We lay out the theory underlying SDID both when there is a single treatment adoption date and when adoption is staggered over time, and we discuss estimation and inference in each of these cases. We introduce the sdid command, which implements these methods in Stata, and provide several examples of use, discussing estimation, inference, and visualization of results. Along with SDID, the sdid command allows for the implementation of standard synthetic control and difference-in-differences methods in an identical framework, permitting estimation, inference, and the generation of graphical output in a computationally efficient way.
Understanding the new geographies of organised crime: Empirical studies into the spatialities of organised criminal phenomena
Authors: Cockbain Ella , Estévez-Soto Patricio , Allum Felia
Published: December 2024

Organised crime – and the people, processes and structures involved – do not exist in a geographical vacuum. They have an inherent spatiality: shaped by and shaping the places they occupy in physical, virtual and hybrid spaces. Although the ‘social embeddedness’ of organised crime is relatively well-recognised, its spatiality – or ‘spatial embeddedness’ – has been neglected. This article contextualises and introduces our special issue on the new geographies of organised crime. We put forward a central argument that geographical lenses can advance and enrich understanding of organised crime, briefly review relevant literature and explain some of the foundational concepts in geographical thinking. We discuss the rationale for this special issue and highlight its papers’ main contributions. Since the geographies of the illicit are full of complexities, heterogeneities and subjectivities, we do not propose any singular approach, but rather see a plurality of possibilities for better incorporating geography into organised crime scholarship. Accordingly, the papers are theoretically and methodologically diverse, as well as covering varied topics and locations.
Determinants of Liraglutide Treatment Discontinuation in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies
Authors: Shah Viral N. , Agesen Rikke M. , Bardtrum Lars , Christiansen Erik , Snaith Jennifer , Greenfield Jerry R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Two phase 3 randomized controlled studies (ADJUNCT ONE (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01836523), ADJUNCT TWO (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02098395)) evaluated liraglutide (1.8, 1.2 or 0.6 mg) vs placebo in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as an adjunct to insulin therapy. This paper aims to improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms leading to premature discontinuation of this treatment regimen.

Methods:

Post hoc comparisons were conducted on baseline characteristics and adverse event (AE) rates of participants completing and not completing the ADJUNCT studies due to AEs/lack of tolerance using summary tables and variance analysis.

Results:

Non-completers (liraglutide and placebo combined) had lower baseline body mass index (BMI) (ADJUNCT ONE: 27.8 kg/m2 vs 29.8 kg/m2, P < .0001; ADJUNCT TWO: 26.3 kg/m2 vs 29.2 kg/m2, P < .0001), longer duration of T1D (25.8 years vs 21.0 years, P < .0001; 24.1 years vs 21.0 years, P = .04), lower daily insulin doses by continuous infusion (46.4 U vs 57.3 U, P = .01; 40.9 U vs 57.4 U, P = .12) or multiple injections (58.4 U vs 68.5 U, P = .006; 56.0 U vs 65.8 U, P =.03) and a higher proportion of participants with undetectable C-peptide (91.5% vs 81.3%; 87.0% vs 84.9%) compared to completers. When analyzed by treatment group, only duration of T1D and C-peptide differed between completers and non-completers among liraglutide (and not placebo) participants. The AE rates were higher for non-completers.

Conclusion:

Individuals with longer-standing T1D and low levels of C-peptide at baseline were more likely to discontinue adjunctive liraglutide treatment due to AEs/lack of tolerance than individuals with residual insulin production. Lower BMI predicted a greater likelihood of non-completion for the included participants, regardless of treatment. These new findings may be relevant for clinical practice.
Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and in vitro Digestibility of Crataegus azarolus Leaves and Fruits in Goats
Authors: Sammari Houcem , Jedidi Saber , Abidi Anouar , Selmi Houcine , Sebai Hichem
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In the aim to investigate the possible influence the variation of the food composition on ruminant performances, several approaches was based on medicinal plants for their beneficial effects on digestibility. Our study was oriented to determine the phytochemical screening, the antioxidant activity, and the in vitro digestibility of Crataegus azarolus leaves (CALAE) and berries (CABAE) collected from the Ain Draham region, which is located in the northwest of Tunisia.

Methods

Colorimetric analyses were used for the quantification of phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity of azerole extracts was evaluated using DPPH-free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro ruminal fermentation was determined using the gas production method.

Results

Leaves contained the highest levels of mineral matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and nitrogen matter (TNM) when compared to those of berries. Furthermore, the DPPH assay showed that Crataegus azarolus aqueous extracts were characterized by a high antioxidant capacity, which is proportional to total phenolic concentrations. The in vitro digestibility evaluation demonstrates a significant variation in each ruminal parameter, and the highest levels of gas production, metabolizable energy (ME), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were observed in leaves.

Conclusion

Data showed that azerole berries and leaves contained an important level of total fiber, nutrients, and mineral matter. The phytochemical analyses demonstrated a strong correlation between the richness of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity. Indeed, yellow azerole berries and leaves can be recommended as an additive in goat feed rations to improve the animals’ quality.
Becoming-with sand: Taking matter seriously in childhood research
Authors: Everett Meg
Published: December 2024

This article challenges anthropocentric views of childhood by adopting a posthumanist, new materialist perspective, positioning sand as an active agent in children’s world-making. Conducted through speculative, post-qualitative methodologies on a Scottish beach with two young children, this study disrupts traditional developmentalist and nature-based learning narratives, advocating for a more-than-human understanding of childhood. Sand is taken seriously as an agentic force, highlighting the complex relational entanglements between children and their material environments. By tracing the broader implications of sand—from global environmental impacts and colonial histories to its role in modern technologies—this research argues for a more inclusive and responsive approach to childhood education, one that moves away from human-centric discourse and acknowledges the tentacular interconnections between humans, nonhumans, and the environment. This study contributes to broader posthumanist field of inquiry, advocating for an imperative, ethical shift in how we engage with both children and the more-than-human world to ultimately imagine more equitable and sustainable futures.
Ultrasound diagnosis of cystic cystitis with von Brunn’s nest in two cats
Authors: Moreau Morgane , Haudiquet Philippe , Monton Clémence , Arnault Fabien , Jossier Renaud
Published: December 2024

Case series summary

Two cats were initially evaluated for recurrent dysuria and haematuria, which were unresponsive to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatments. An abdominal ultrasound revealed focal wall thickening with a severe hypoechoic multicystic parietal lesion at the bladder apex. Surgical excision of the lesion (apical cystectomy) led to complete resolution of the clinical signs in both cases. The histological findings were consistent with large cystic von Brunn’s nest hyperplasia, along with foci of small glandular metaplasia. Urine and tissue cultures were negative. Cystitis cystica was diagnosed. No recurrence was reported within 2 years of surgery in both cases.

Relevance and novel information

This case series illustrates the occurrence and ultrasonographic features of a type of cystitis rarely described in animals: cystic cystitis with von Brunn’s nest hyperplasia. These lesions result from chronic irritation and can lead to recurrent cystitis if not excised. Cystic cystitis has previously been described histologically in cats. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of macroscopic apical cystic cystitis with pre-treatment ultrasound diagnosis. Surgical resection of the hyperplastic von Brunn’s nests appeared to be curative in both cases.
“Tuberculosis (TB) Status in Under-Five Children with Stunting in Bandung”
Authors: Nataprawira Heda Melinda , Cesilia Citra , Tirtosudiro Muhammad Akbar , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Wulandari Diah Asri , Sudarwati Sri , Hikmat Irma Hasan , Nugraha Harry Galuh , Auguswina Rusfita , Sari Rini Mulya , Susanah Susi , Kartasasmita Cissy B.
Published: December 2024

Objective. Analyzing possible determinants for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in under-five children with stunting and severely stunting in Bandung. Methods. Data was collected from 64 community health centers in Bandung using multiple stratified random sampling. Medical history, body measurements, tuberculin skin tests (TST), and chest X-rays (CXR) were collected. Possible determinants to PTB were analyzed using multiple logistic regression ( P value of <.05 was significant). Results. 169 under-five children with stunting and severely stunting were included. 59.76% of children were diagnosed with PTB. The absence of BCG scars and weight-for-age were significant determinants of PTB ( P value <.05). Conclusions. PTB was observed in more than half of stunted and severely stunted under 5 children. BCG scars are a protective factor, while weight-for-age is a risk factor for stunting and severe stunting.
Exploring the Impact of Prior Cannabis Use on 90-Day Complications Following Foot and Ankle Procedures: A Comprehensive Analysis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Kishan Arman , Kubsad Sanjay , Bergstein Victoria E. , Zhu Stanley E. , Ficke James R. , Aiyer Amiethab A.
Published: December 2024

Category:

Ankle; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

With the rising prevalence of cannabis consumption among individuals undergoing foot and ankle procedures, there is a critical need for a comprehensive investigation into the impact of cannabis use on post-operative outcomes. The shifting societal attitudes towards cannabis, coupled with legislative changes promoting increased accessibility, underscore the urgency of understanding the implications for both patients and surgeons. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge and provide insights that can guide pre-operative evaluations and post-operative care planning.

Methods:

Utilizing data from PearlDiver, patients who underwent interphalangeal fusion, arthrodesis, arthroscopy, total ankle arthroplasty, ankle fracture repair, lateral ankle ligament reconstruction, calcaneal tendon repair, bunionectomy and calcaneal osteotomy were identified. These patients with prior history of cannabis use were propensity-matched with a cohort without prior history of cannabis use based on age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index in a 1:4 ratio. Both cohorts were evaluated for 90-day occurrence of medical complications using univariate analysis.

Results:

In this study, we matched 59,797 patients with a history of cannabis use undergoing foot or ankle procedures with 239,086 without such history. Those with prior cannabis use showed significantly elevated rates of medical conditions compared to controls: pneumonia (6.1% vs. 2.2%, p < .001), deep vein thrombosis (1.5% vs. 0.8%, p < .001), pulmonary embolism (0.4% vs. 0.2%, p < .001), myocardial infarction (1.6% vs. 0.5%, p < .001), stroke (1.8% vs. 0.8%, p < .001), surgical site infections (4.0% vs. 2.2%, p < .001), acute kidney injury (6.8% vs. 3.0%, p < .001), urinary tract infections (9.0% vs. 3.5%, p < .001), sepsis (4.6% vs. 2.0%, p < .001), and hypoglycemia (1.2% vs. 0.5%, p < .001).

Conclusion:

This study highlights a compelling correlation between prior cannabis use and heightened risks of medical complications post foot and ankle surgeries. The findings emphasize the imperative for healthcare professionals to include cannabis use history in pre-operative assessments and post-operative care planning. Acknowledging the evolving landscape of cannabis use among surgical patients, further research is essential to refine clinical approaches and enhance patient outcomes in this context.
Moldy homes: Toxicity, race, and the geographies of domestic mold
Authors: Shurety Elara
Published: December 2024

Situating household mold within a growing body of critical geography concerned with toxicity and exposures, this paper interrogates the racial logics and temporal dynamics of “toxic” mold. Responding to heightened public interest and governmental intervention in mold in the United Kingdom in recent years, this paper addresses the underexamination of mold in both housing and toxic geography scholarship. The “contemporary mold crisis” is located against a longer international history of toxic mold exposure, revealing toxicity as a multivalent designation through which certain homes, spaces, and bodies are rendered as toxic more readily than others. This paper argues that attuning closely to the materialities of dwelling conditions can produce generative and highly precise work through which one can attain a better understanding of modalities of violence and harm in a housing context. In parallel, it demonstrates the political value of attending to a “mundane” and “banal” toxin such as mold in geography.
Remaking public engagement with climate change
Authors: Chilvers Jason
Published: December 2024

As Earth becomes more heated, public engagements with climate change multiply. Despite this increasing multiplicity, assumptions of public deficits still prevail. Dominant perspectives assume a deficit of public understanding where publics are dismissed or communicated to, or a deficit of public involvement where publics are invited to participate in discrete, often one-off, engagements. Given deficiencies of these perspectives, this article suggests a third more constructivist perspective is emerging and necessary which sees public engagements with climate change as constructed through practice, highly diverse, and interrelating in wider systems and ecologies of participation. It opens up new paths for remaking participation, one of which is illustrated through work on ecologising and mapping diverse public engagements with climate change. This is turning around participation to be more reflexive, systemic, responsible and responsive about other diverse, already existing and excluded public engagements in prompting more just and humane ways of addressing climate change.
Persistence After Switching From Adalimumab Biosimilar MSB11022 to Adalimumab Biosimilar GP2017 in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Borrás-Blasco Joaquín , Valcuende-Rosique Alejandro , Cornejo Silvia , Aparicio-Rubio Celia , Aguilar-Zamora Marta , Garijo-Bufort Marta , Arévalo-Ruales Karla Romelia
Published: December 2024

Objective: Provide real-world data on switching from adalimumab biosimilar MSB11022 to GP2017 related to persistence, adherence, and safety in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Retrospective cohort study that used registries and medical records from a single hospital (June 2022 to April 2024). Adult patients with RA, PsA, and axSpA treated with adalimumab biosimilar MSB11022 who switched to biosimilar GP2017 were identified and followed up until April 2024, or disenrollment. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics studied included sex, age, diagnosis, and previous treatment. Adherence was measured using medication possession ratio (MPR); patients with MPR ≥85% were considered adherent. Persistence, cause of discontinuation, safety, and dosage regimen were collected. Results: A total of 63 patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, of whom 36 (57.1%) were women, with an average age of 53.9 years were included. In total, 24 had axSpA, 21 had RA, and 18 had PsA. A total of 58 patients (92.1%) were biologic-naïve, and 27 (42.3%) received methotrexate. A total of 63 patients switched from adalimumab biosimilar MSB11022 to GP2017. After 12 months, 53 (84.1%) continued; 9 (14.3%) discontinued due to lack of effectiveness, side effects, or change of health department. The total persistence of patients who switched from MSB11022 to GP2017 was 12.4 ± 3.1 months. Non-naïve patients had a persistence of 13.7 ± 0.5 months, and naïve patients had 9.5 ± 3.0 months, with no significant differences. The retention rate at 12 months was 84%, with an adherence rate of 88.2%. Conclusions: Switching from adalimumab biosimilar MSB11022 to biosimilar GP2017 in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases did not lead to signs of safety or loss of efficacy over 12 months other than those already known in the literature for the class of drugs.
Assessing the accuracy and quality of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot-generated responses in making patient-specific drug-therapy and healthcare-related decisions
Authors: Shiferaw Meron W. , Zheng Taylor , Winter Abigail , Mike Leigh Ann , Chan Lingtak-Neander
Published: December 2024

Background

Interactive artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT have gained popularity, yet little is known about their reliability as a reference tool for healthcare-related information for healthcare providers and trainees. The objective of this study was to assess the consistency, quality, and accuracy of the responses generated by ChatGPT on healthcare-related inquiries.

Methods

A total of 18 open-ended questions including six questions in three defined clinical areas (2 each to address “what”, “why”, and “how”, respectively) were submitted to ChatGPT v3.5 based on real-world usage experience. The experiment was conducted in duplicate using 2 computers. Five investigators independently ranked each response using a 4-point scale to rate the quality of the bot’s responses. The Delphi method was used to compare each investigator’s score with the goal of reaching at least 80% consistency. The accuracy of the responses was checked using established professional references and resources. When the responses were in question, the bot was asked to provide reference material used for the investigators to determine the accuracy and quality. The investigators determined the consistency, accuracy, and quality by establishing a consensus.

Results

The speech pattern and length of the responses were consistent within the same user but different between users. Occasionally, ChatGPT provided 2 completely different responses to the same question. Overall, ChatGPT provided more accurate responses (8 out of 12) to the “what” questions with less reliable performance to the “why” and “how” questions. We identified errors in calculation, unit of measurement, and misuse of protocols by ChatGPT. Some of these errors could result in clinical decisions leading to harm. We also identified citations and references shown by ChatGPT that did not exist in the literature.

Conclusions

ChatGPT is not ready to take on the coaching role for either healthcare learners or healthcare professionals. The lack of consistency in the responses to the same question is problematic for both learners and decision-makers. The intrinsic assumptions made by the chatbot could lead to erroneous clinical decisions. The unreliability in providing valid references is a serious flaw in using ChatGPT to drive clinical decision making.