bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequence similarity governs generalizability of de novo deep learning models for RNA secondary structure prediction
Authors: Qiu Xiangyun
Published: April 2023

Making no use of physical laws or co-evolutionary information, de novo deep learning (DL) models for RNA secondary structure prediction have achieved far superior performances than traditional algorithms. However, their statistical underpinning raises the crucial question of generalizability. We present a quantitative study of the performance and generalizability of a series of de novo DL models, with a minimal two-module architecture and no post-processing, under varied similarities between seen and unseen sequences. Our models demonstrate excellent expressive capacities and outperform existing methods on common benchmark datasets. However, model generalizability, i.e., the performance gap between the seen and unseen sets, degrades rapidly as the sequence similarity decreases. The same trends are observed from several recent DL and machine learning models. And an inverse correlation between performance and generalizability is revealed collectively across all learning-based models with wide-ranging architectures and sizes. We further quantitate how generalizability depends on sequence and structure identity scores via pairwise alignment, providing unique quantitative insights into the limitations of statistical learning. Generalizability thus poses a major hurdle for deploying de novo DL models in practice and various pathways for future advances are discussed.
Nationwide assessment of leadership development for graduate students in the agricultural plant sciences
Authors: Da Silva Karen Ferreira , Burnham Ella , Louis Joe , Golick Douglas , Everhart Sydney
Published: April 2023

Leadership development is a universally important goal across the agricultural plant science disciplines. Although previous studies have identified a need for leadership skills, less is known about leadership skill development in graduate programs. To address this, we constructed a mixed-method study to identify the most significant graduate school leadership experiences of scientists in the agricultural plant science disciplines. The survey was deployed to 6,728 people in the U.S. and received 1,086 responses (16.1% response rate). The majority of respondents reported that they were from one of the major agricultural states and employed at one of the agricultural plant science related doctoral universities, industries, or government. Results from this survey suggest that recent graduates were more engaged in graduate school activities that offered leadership development. Key experiences in graduate school were also identified that may be used to develop future leaders. Additionally, respondents reported the greatest barrier to providing leadership development for graduate students was that it is not part of their program curriculum, however current graduate students responded differently, and identifying lack of funding to support experiences as the greatest barrier. This survey also identified the top ranked professional skills considered most important for effective leaders in agricultural plant sciences as well as respondent-driven recommendations on how graduate programs can improve leadership development. Collectively, these results can be used in the future to identify priorities for skill development and opportunities for leadership training among graduate students within the plant science disciplines.
Perceptions of the oral health of their patients reported by Brazilian medical residents in psychiatry
Authors: Guerra Luciane Miranda , Gondinho Brunna Verna Castro , Bastos Rodrigo Almeida , dos Santos Silva Felipe , Octaviani Júlia Vitório , de Matos Cavalcante Jasmine , Turato Egberto Ribeiro
Published: April 2023

Persons with severe mental disorders have higher chances of presenting oral health problems than persons in the general population. Mental disorders are considered public-health problems worldwide. Interpreting statements on oral health made by medical students receiving instruction in psychiatry is essential to provide elements for reflection on their difficulties, barriers or limited knowledge in managing their patients’ oral health. Based on the presupposition that doctors provide their patients with no instruction or support concerning oral complaints, because these do not symbolize the same challenges as those emerging from severe mental disorders. The aim of this study was to interpret symbolic meanings of statements expressed by medical residents in psychiatry at a specialized university outpatient clinic, about their patients’ oral health. Qualitative research using the Qualitative-Clinical method was conducted, adopting the theoretical reference of medical psychology. Data were analyzed by the Clinical-Qualitative Content method and the Seven-Step technique. Based on 06 interviews analyzed, the following categories emerged: “What do I do? Psychiatrists’ dilemmas about not understanding their role in patients’ oral health; and “Dentists do not participate in Balint’ so-called “collusion in anonymity”. It was concluded that among others, the paradigm consisted of a sociological composition, therefore it was stronger than personal decisions that might eventually oppose the barriers to interdisciplinary work posed by the institutional model, which were intertwined with paradigmatic barriers. Thus, specialist training should include a dental perspective, so that oral examinations would always be included in the physical examinations, from an interdisciplinary perspective of the integrity of health-care.
African leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extracts improve Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) carcass traits
Authors: Kismiati Sri , Sarjana Teysar Adi , Mahfudz Luthfi Djauhari , Prayitno Dwi Sunarti
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: The Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaf extract (VALE) contains several natural antioxidants, including flavonoids, which effectively ameliorate cholesterol levels while improving quail carcass traits and meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VALE on Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) carcass traits and meat. Materials and Methods: In total, 260 Japanese quails (aged 5 weeks and body weight = 129.1 ± 2.2 g) were raised in an open-sided house and randomized to four VALE treatments: T0: Control, T1: 10 mL/L, T2: 20 mL/L, and T3: 10 mL/L in drinking water. After 12 weeks, carcass traits and chemical and physical meat qualities were evaluated. Results: Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract in drinking water exerted significant effects (p < 0.05) on carcass weight, cholesterol levels, and meat water holding capacity (WHC) without significantly affecting carcass and non-carcass percentages, moisture, protein, fat, and meat color qualities. The highest carcass weights and lowest cholesterol levels were identified in the T2 group, while WHC improved in the T3. Conclusion: Thus, VALE supplementation (20 mL/L) to quails improved carcass traits, especially cholesterol levels and carcass weights. Keywords: chemical and physical, cholesterol, fat and meat color, moisture, non-carcass percentage, protein.
Metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics: the state of the problem and management options
Authors: Balashova A. V. , Mamleeva D. V. , Machekhina L. V. , Dudinskaya E. N.
Published: April 2023

Antipsychotic  drugs are widely used for many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, delusions and hallucinations  due to neurological  disorders, depression with severe psychotic  symptoms. Metabolic disorders including  weight gain, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia  are one of the most common side effects of antipsychotic therapy. Psychiatric patients have higher risk of cardiovascular disease, so that the development of metabolic side effects is an important clinical problem that should be solved. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain may cause distress that leads to antipsychotics withdraw and repeated hospitalizations.

Lifestyle changes, correction of the antipsychotic treatment, additional medications and their combination are the possible solutions of antipsychotic metabolic side effects. Lifestyle modification is a first-line therapy that should complement other options, when it feasible. At the same time, it can be extremely difficult for patients receiving antipsychotic to adhere dietary and physical activity recommendations. Replacing an antipsychotic with a milder drug is not always possible and may not be enough effective. Metformin seems to be the most well-studied, safe and effective agent that is prescribed to deal with antipsychotic-induced weight gain and associated metabolic disorders. Glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists and thiazolidinediones  are mentioned as alternative medications, but clinical data on their efficacy and safety in this patient group are extremely limited. Dyslipidemia can develop as an independent antipsychotic side effect even without an increase in body weight. The most effective treatment, as in the general population, is statin therapy. However, the joint appointment of statins and antipsychotic significantly  increases the risk of adverse reactions, such as myalgia, myopathy, increased creatine kinase levels, due to the competition of drugs for the cytochrome system.

It is still unknown what scales should be used for cardiovascular risk stratification in patients taking antipsychotic and whether it is possible to use metformin to prevent antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and if so, how to select patients for whom such therapy can be indicated. Finally, more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of other classes of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs in patients on antipsychotics.
Incidentally Discovered Right Atrial Mass: A Rare and Unexpected Etiology
Authors: Sykora Daniel , Chaliki Hari P. , Cummings Kristopher W. , Sell-Dottin Kristen , Stanton Melissa L. , Scott Luis R.
Published: April 2023

Primary cardiac sarcoma is a rare type of intracardiac mass. This report describes a patient with atrial flutter who had a new right atrial mass incidentally discovered on transesophageal echocardiography. A thrombus was suspected based on radiographic appearance, but there was minimal change with anticoagulation. The mass was resected and found to be an undifferentiated pleomorphic cardiac sarcoma, an uncommon sub-type within the already rare category of primary cardiac neoplasms. This report highlights the importance of considering primary malignancy and thoroughly correlating radiographic and clinical evidence during the diagnostic workup of patients with intracardiac masses.
Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Xu Xu , Zhang Li , Liu Jiamin , Kong Xiangxin , Yin Yu , Jia Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaoqin , Peng Bin , Ji Min , Pan Wanlong
Published: April 2023

This study examined exosomal hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels in chronic HBV infection (CHB). Patients were grouped according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver classification (1: HBV-DNA-positive CHB, normal alanine aminotransferase [ALT]; 2: HBV-DNA-positive CHB, elevated ALT; 3: HBV-DNA-negative HBeAb-positive CHB, normal ALT; 4: HBV-DNA-positive HBeAg-negative HBeAb-positive CHB, elevated ALT; 5: HBV-DNA-negative, HBcAb-positive; 6: HBV-negative, normal ALT). Exosomes were isolated, comparative analysis of exosomes and serum HBV-DNA. The HBV-DNA content was lower in exosomes than in serum for groups 1, 2, and 4 (all P < 0.05). In the groups negative for serum HBV-DNA (groups 3 and 5), the exosomal HBV-DNA levels were higher than the serum HBV-DNA levels (all P < 0.05). The exosomal and serum HBV-DNA levels were correlated in groups 2 (R
2 = 0.84) and 4 (R
2 = 0.98). The exosomal HBV-DNA levels were correlated with total bilirubin (R
2 = 0.94), direct bilirubin (R
2 = 0.82), and indirect bilirubin (R
2 = 0.81) in group 5 (all P < 0.05). In patients with CHB and negative for serum HBV-DNA, exosomal HBV-DNA was detectable and could be used to monitor the treatment effects. Exosomal HBV-DNA could be used in patients with a high suspicion of HBV infection but negative for serum HBV-DNA.
Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
Authors: Wang Lihua , Wang Bingyue , Jia Lan , Yu Haibo , Wang Zhe , Wei Fang , Jiang Aili
Published: April 2023

To investigate the mechanism of shear stress on endothelial cell dysfunction for providing a theoretical basis for the reduction of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. The in vitro parallel plate flow chamber was used to form different forces and shear stress to mimic the hemodynamic changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the expression and distribution of krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), caveolin-1 (Cav-1), p-extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. With the prolongation of the shear stress action time, the expression of KLF2 and eNOS increased gradually, while the expression of Cav-1 and p-ERK decreased gradually. In addition, after cells were exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OSS) and low shear stress, the expression of KLF2, Cav-1, and eNOS decreased and the expression of p-ERK increased. The expression of KLF2 increased gradually with the prolongation of action time, but it was still obviously lower than that of high shear stress. Following the block of Cav-1 expression by methyl β-cyclodextrin, eNOS expression decreased, and KLF2 and p-ERK expression increased. OSS may lead to endothelial cell dysfunction by Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway.
Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea during pregnancy-case report and review of literature
Authors: Mackert Alma , Derin Xezal , Agha-Mir-Salim Parwis , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Rhinoliquorrhea is a condition where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks due to a liquor fistula formation of traumatic or non-traumatic origin. It can be associated with increased intracranial pressure often due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), typically found in young and obese female patients.

Case presentation

A 27-year-old woman, 2 gravida, 1 para, presented with clear rhinorrhoea. After a beta-trace-protein test the diagnosis of CSF leakage was determined. The woman had had a traumatic car accident in 2018 but had never developed clear rhinorrhoea, especially not in her first pregnancy after the accident. Due to stable condition of the mother further diagnostics were postponed until after the birth. An elective caesarean section was performed in 40 + 0 weeks of gestations. The structural bone defect in the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus was surgically repaired by defect coverage postpartum.

Conclusions

Nasal CSF leakage in pregnancy has previously been described in four other case reports with mostly traumatic etiology. Additionally, IIH is an important diagnosis to keep in mind. So far there are no guidelines or evidence-based recommendations regarding to optimal fistula treatment of pregnant women available. For therapy a prophylactic antibiotic therapy, surgical reconstruction with sealing and a wait-and-see strategy should be considered and discussed.
Accurate computation of geoid-quasigeoid separation in mountainous region – A case study in Colorado with full extension to the experimental geoid region
Authors: Wang Yan Ming , Veronneau Marc , Huang Jianliang , Ahlgren Kevin , Krcmaric Jordan , Li Xiaopeng , Avalos-Naranjo David
Published: April 2023

The geoid-quasigeoid separation (GQS) traditionally uses the Bouguer anomalies to approximate the difference between the mean gravity and normal gravity along the plumb line. This approximation is adequate in flat and low elevation areas, but not in high and rugged mountains. To increase the accuracy, higher order terms of the corrections (potential and gravity gradient) to the approximation were computed in Colorado where the 1 cm geoid computation experiment was conducted. Over an area of 730 km by 560 km where the elevation ranges between 932 and 4,385 m, the potential correction (Pot. Corr.) reaches −0.190 m and its root mean square (RMS) is 0.019 m. The gravity gradient correction is small but has high variation: the RMS of the correction is merely 0.003 m but varies from −0.025 to 0.020 m. In addition, the difference between the Bouguer gravity anomaly and gravity disturbance causes about a 0.01 m bias and a maximum correction of 0.02 m. The total corrections range from −0.135 to 0.180 m, with an RMS value of 0.019 m for the region. The magnitude of the corrections is large enough and is not negligible considering today’s cm-geoid requirement. After the test in Colorado, the complete GQS term is computed in 1′ × 1′ grids for the experimental geoid 2020 (xGEOID20), which covers a region bordered by latitude 0–85° north, longitude 180–350° east. Over the land areas, the RMS of the GQS is 0.119 m and the maximum reaches 1.3 m. The RMS of the GQS increases with respect to the height until 4,000 m, then decreases unexpectedly. At the highest peaks (5,500–6,000 m) of Denali and Mount Logan, the RMS of the GQS ranges between 0.08 and 0.189 m. The small GQS at these high peaks are caused by steep slopes around the peaks that produce large Pot. Corr. caused by the topography. In addition, the higher order correction terms reach half of a meter in those peaks.
The reception and critique of literature in translation: Ahmad Shāmlū, the Poet-Translator and the case of Margot Bickel
Authors: Shahbazimoghadam Nahid
Published: April 2023

Ahmad Shāmlū (1925–2000), modern Persian poet, is among those creative writers who showcase their mastery of language in translation as well. Among his translated works, which encompass both verse and prose, his translation of Margot Bickel’s Pflücke den Tag (1982) and Geh deinen Weg! (1989) is specifically noteworthy for tremendous success and high reception in the TL context, which is arguably beyond that of the original from a literary and critical perspective. As the analysis of sample poems from the two collections reveals, Shāmlū’s skilful rendition has actually produced poetry in the TL. Away from marginalizing the pivotal role of translation in cross-cultural literary exchanges, this study reflects on the critique of literature in translation and literary reception as prone to downplaying or magnifying the significance of SL text in TL critical and receptive evaluations. The paper initiates with an overview of the status of literary translation and its interface with comparative literature, and then briefly reviews two world-famous works of poetry translation and their reception in host cultures to set them as the background for the argument to be made about Shāmlū’s translation of Bickel’s works.
„Aelter als die Sprache ist das Nachmachen von Gebärden“. Der Leib als Entstehungsort der Sprache
Authors: Silenzi Marina
Published: April 2023

“Older than Language Is the Mimicking of Gestures”: The Body as the Origin of Language. Nietzsche’s early philosophical ideas about language and its origin occupy a central place in scholarly discussions of his work. In order to examine Nietzsche’s interpretation of the constitution of human language, this article focuses not only on his early writings, but also on the first volume of Human, All Too Human as well as on his later period, in particular his work in 1887 and 1888. The central claim of this article is that Nietzsche begins to view the body, with its gestures and movements, as the site of origin for instinctive unconscious language and the subsequent emergence of conceptual language. Already in 1872, and with the influence of contemporary scientific ideas, he begins to conceive the movement and gesture of the human body as the foundation for the origin of language. Strengthened in Human, All Too Human, this idea appears again in his later writings in 1887, when Nietzsche connects it to Charles Féré’s theories of “psychomotor induction” and “mental suggestion.” Finally, it is the Dionysian artist of 1888 who enjoys par excellence the capacity for suggestion, affect and immediate representation, and who thus becomes the master of communication.
A critical review on mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of industrial by-product-based geopolymer composites
Authors: Elhag Ahmed Babeker , Raza Ali , Khan Qaiser uz Zaman , Abid Muhammad , Masood Bilal , Arshad Muhammad , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk
Published: April 2023

For the sustainability of the construction industry, geopolymers (GPMs) play an important role compared with Portland cement due to their improved mechanical properties, enhanced durability, and outstanding performance in alkali and acidic conditions. Most of the previous review investigations explored the general behavior of GPM developed with kaolin, silica fume (SF), rice husk ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash,etc., but a comprehensive review study on the industrial by-products, including granite waste powder (GWP) and bauxite residue (BR), is required to investigate their suitability in the construction industry. The current investigation aims to present a detailed review of the fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural behavior of the GPM paste produced using BR and GWP from the literature. The effect of different ingredients and testing conditions are evaluated for the fresh, mechanical, durability, thermal, and microstructural performance of the GPM paste. The results indicate that the pure BR having a lower ratio of SiO2/Al2O3reacts poorly; therefore, it should be blended with other aluminosilicates comprising a higher ratio of SiO2/Al2O3for better geopolymerization. Pre-activation of BR including 3 h calcination at 800°C, 1 h thermal pretreatment of alkali with solid activators at 800°C, mechanical co-grinding, and pulverization presented improved strength and microstructural properties of GPM. When mixing GWP in large quantities, heat curing is preferred for 8 h at 60–80°C for better behavior of GPM. Incorporating the nanomaterials into GWP-based GPM showed a significant impact on initial compressive and tensile strengths. Further studies on the synergistic use of GWP with aluminosilicate products and BR with silica-rich pozzolanic ingredients for GPM are required. Improved physiochemical features of BR-GPM and GWP-GPM are the potential research areas that can be addressed by incorporating raw materials for enhancing the internal matrix, such as nanoparticles, bio-additives, micro-fibers,etc., that have been observed to be effective for the GPM pastes.
H5P interaktív tartalmak: Felhasználási lehetőségeik és rövid módszertani útmutató
Authors: Egervári Dóra , Simon Krisztián
Published: April 2023

A H5P interaktív multimédiás tartalmak szerkesztését, illetve publikációját elősegítő webes szoftver, továbbá LMS-eken és egyéb platformokon belüli tartalomfejlesztést szolgáló bővítmény. Segítségével szerkeszthetünk interaktív videókat, prezentációkat, tanulási útvonalakat, folyamatábrákat, gyakorlójátékokat és számos más tartalmat. A szoftver fő használati módja a bővítményből, a saját LMS-ünkben (pl. Moodle) való szerkesztés és publikálás. A Moodle LMS jelenleg több H5P interaktív tartalomtípus megjelenítését és szerkesztését is támogatja. Ezekkel a lehetőségekkel módunk van beágyazni a Moodle kurzusunkba például interaktív képet vagy könyvet, képsorozatokat, kollázsokat, hang- és videótartalmakat, valamint tanulókártyákat, kvízeket, tesztsorokat. Ezekkel a lehetőségekkel számos ponton alakíthatjuk, fejleszthetjük, színesíthetjük és gazdagíthatjuk a kurzusunk tartalmát. A tanulmány célja, hogy deskriptív módon bemutassa a Moodle-ben elérhető interaktív H5P tartalomtípusokat, azok felhasználási lehetőségeit és a jógyakorlatokat.
10 éves a pécsi biblioterápia szak
Authors: Béres Judit
Published: April 2023

A tanulmány fókuszában az áll, hogy hogyan alakult ki a PTE-n egy nemcsak hazai, hanem nemzetközi szinten is jegyzett biblioterapeuta (irodalomterapeuta) képzés. A biblioterápia (irodalomterápia) mint interdiszciplináris, az olvasást és az írást interaktív segítő-fejlesztő eszközként felhasználó professzió születése óta nagy hagyománya van annak, hogy az első szolgáltatásokat és képzéseket könyvtárosok indítják, majd a módszer kilép a könyvtár és a könyvtárosképzés falai közül és számos szakmaterületen alkalmazásra kerül. A cikk a 2023-ban 10 éves jubileumát ülő pécsi biblioterápia szak történetének részben személyes, részben pedig szakmai összefüggéseire enged rálátást, egyben az első írott összegzése az elmúlt tíz év tapasztalatainak. Az összegzés kitér a Pécsett kialakított curriculum jellegzetességeire és a képzés fejlődésére, valamint elhelyezi azt a hazai és nemzetközi képzések palettáján, kitérve a nemzetközi kapcsolatok alakulására is.
Egy könyvtárostanár lehetőségei: Olvasás népszerűsítése a könyvtárpedagógián keresztül
Authors: Kálmán Dalma
Published: April 2023

A kutatásom a könyvtárpedagógia témáját járja körül, illetve az olvasás tanításához fűződő kapcsolatait tárja fel. A 2020-as Nemzeti alaptanterv alapján készítettem el egy olyan oktatást kiegészítő programot, amely a magyar nyelv és irodalom tantárgy tanítását segíti elő az általános iskola alsó tagozatában, kutatási módszerem a dokumentum- és szövegelemzés volt. Fókuszban a játékos tanulás áll, ennek jegyében először azt vizsgáltam meg, hogy az iskolai könyvtár, illetve a könyvtárostanár milyen szerepet tölthet be a tanulási folyamatokban a könyvtárpedagógia segítségével. Mindezek mellett a Tankönyvkatalógusban fellelhető jelenleg használt tankönyvek segítségével létrehoztam egy alternatív lehetőségekről szóló listát, ez a felsorolás hagyományos, papíralapú könyveket tartalmaz, régebbi és kortárs szerzők kötetei is egyaránt megjelennek.
Dr. Varga Katalin köszöntése
Authors: Agárdi Péter
Published: April 2023

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Medeek medve, az óriás kiköpött foga és a mézevő elfelejtett dala: metrika, szemantika és adaptációs környezet az információk megőrzésében és elvesztésében
Authors: Z. Karvalics László
Published: April 2023

A tanulmány az alábbi kutatói kérdésekre keresi a választ: mitől függ, hogy meddig él egy információ? Képesek vagyunk-e olyan peremfeltéteket (tér, idő, népességszám) azonosítani, amelyek megléte segíti a túlélést, és révükön definiálni tudjuk az információvesztést magyarázó tényezőket is? Találunk-e univerzális mintázatokat a különböző kultúrák által őrzött és újratermelt különböző típusú információk életciklusaiban?

Miután számos különleges példát tekintünk át információk egészen hosszú ideig tartó megőrzésére, de gyors elvesztésére is, már levonhatónak tűnik néhány fontos következtetés. Léteznek ugyan mérésműveleteknek értelmet adó helyzetek, de a legtöbb esetben csak valószínűségi kalkulációkkal számolhatunk. Ám ezen felül alapvetően meghatározóak az őrzött/elvesztett információk jelentéstípusai, valamint az ezekre a jelentésekre vonatkozó járulékos mentális tartalmak, amelyek kulturális kódként a változásokhoz való alkalmazkodást segítik. Királyi út és könnyű képlet tehát nincs, de a tárgykör kutatása még sokat izgalmat rejt magában.
Pedagógus hallgatók digitális információs műveltségének állapota a világjárvány kitörése előtt és után
Authors: Eszenyiné Borbély Mária , Némethi-Takács Margit
Published: April 2023

A tanulmány a magyar felsőoktatási intézményekben tanuló pedagógus hallgatók körében végzett két önértékelésen alapuló empirikus digitális kompetencia vizsgálat eredményeit tárja fel. Az első felmérésre 2019 novemberében került sor az EFOP-3.3.3-VEKOP-16-2016-00001 „Múzeumi és könyvtári fejlesztések mindenkinek” pályázati konstrukció keretében megvalósuló „Az én könyvtáram” című kiemelt projekt részeként. A kutatás fókuszában akkor még annak a kérdésnek a megválaszolása állt, hogy kimutatható-e érdemi különbség a már aktív pedagógusok és a hallgatók kompetencia állapota között. A pedagógusok reprezentatív vizsgálata ugyanennek a projektnek a keretében valósult meg 2017 őszén, 822 fő részvételével. Az említett felmérések idején még nem volt sejthető, hogy a 2020 tavaszán induló Covid-19 világjárvány milyen nagy mértékben megnöveli a digitális jártasság kérdésének relevanciáját. Mind a közoktatás, mind pedig a felsőoktatás az online térbe kényszerült, minden résztvevőtől megkövetelve a meglévő digitális készségeik aktiválását, illetve a hiányzó kompetenciáik minél gyorsabb megszerzését. A jelenléti oktatásba visszatérve az egyetemi hallgatók körében általánosnak tűnik az a nézet, hogy az online oktatás egyértelműen pozitív hatással volt digitális készségeik fejlesztésére. A 2022-es hallgatói vizsgálat kettős célt szolgált. Egyrészt a három évvel korábbi vizsgálat érvényességének ellenőrzését, másrészt pedig a tartósan online környezetben történő tanulásnak és társas érintkezésnek a hallgatók digitális kompetencia állapotára gyakorolt hatásának feltárását.
Requiem a közgazdasági szaktájékoztatásért
Authors: Schiffler Kitti
Published: April 2023

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem Egyetemi Könyvtár és Tudásközpont főigazgatósága évente egy alkalommal támogatja kutatási és/ vagy kreatív alkotási (elsősorban irodalmi) tevékenység folytatását a munkatársak számára. A Benedek Ferenc Jogtudományi és Közgazdaságtudományi Szakkönyvtárban régóta foglalkoztat minket a közgazdasági és jogi szaktájékoztatás országos helyzete, módszerei, formái, így a jogi szaktájékoztató kolléganőmmel elérkezettnek láttuk az időt egy átfogóbb felmérésre a nagyobb képzőhelyek könyvtárainak bevonásával. A téma aktualitását jelzi, hogy az egyetemi könyvtárak referensz szolgáltatásairól alig-alig jelenik meg magyar nyelvű publikáció, illetve tudomásunk szerint hasonló jellegű és volumenű kutatás hosszú idő óta nem történt Magyarországon.  A kutatás során kevert típusú interjúkat készítettem két nagy képzőhely könyvtárának illetékes munkatársaival, melyek alapján egyértelműen megállapítható, hogy a hagyományos szaktájékoztatás szinte teljesen eltűnt a nagyobb hazai, közgazdaságtudományi képzést nyújtó egyetemek könyvtáraiból. Kijelenthetjük, hogy ezt a fajta szolgáltatást nagymértékben felváltották a célcsoportonkénti felhasználóképzés és kutatástámogatás személyes jelenlétet igénylő és online formái (pl. irodalomkutatási tréningek, adatbázishasználati kurzusok, Academic Writing). A vizsgált könyvtárak megoldásai és saját tapasztalataink nyomán egyértelművé vált, hogy mielőbb szükség van szolgáltatási portfóliónk felülvizsgálatára és hatékonyabb felhasználói igényekhez igazítására.
A könyvtár és az információkeresés által kiváltott szorongás: Mit tehet az iskolai könyvtár?
Authors: Arany-Nagy Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2023

A 21. század társadalma a digitális átmenet tanújaként vonul be a történelembe. A változás eredményeként az információk – a hagyományos, nyomtatott megjelenés mellett – digitális formában, online térben válnak bárki számára elérhetővé.

Kutatásomban arra a kérdésre keresem a választ, miért mellőzi a 10-20 éves (5-13. évfolyamon tanuló) korosztály a könyvtárak használatát. Jelen tanulmány egy nagyobb projekt része. A témában végzett felmérés eredményeinek kiértékelése jelenleg is tart, ám a szakirodalom áttekintése alapján célom bemutatni a jelenséget, felhívva a figyelmet a könyvtár- és információkeresés által kiváltott szorongásra. A szorongás leküzdésére tett kísérletek hatékonyan járulnak hozzá a könyvtárak népszerűségének növekedéséhez is. Tanulmányomban célom bemutatni, az iskolai könyvtárak szerepét a könyvtár- és információkeresés által kiváltott szorongás leküzdésének érdekében.

A téma ugyan nem újszerű, de aktualitását mi sem bizonyítja jobban annál, mint hogy az 1980-as évek óta folyamatosan jelennek meg újabb és újabb irodalmak a témában.

A kutatás – az eredmények elemzésének – jelenlegi fázisában a könyvtár által kiváltott szorongás egyértelmű jelenlétét nem jelenthetjük ki. Az adatok további elemzése, a korrelációvizsgálatok és az így kapott eredmények vélhetőleg igazolják az általam felállított hipotézist.
The Controversy of the Cultivation System In Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Insan Fahmi
Published: April 2023

This study aims to reveal the controversy over the Cultivation system (cultuurstelsel) implementation in the Dutch East Indies (1830–1870). This research was carried out using the historical method. The stages consist of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research relies on secondary sources that come from books and articles. This research data was collected using a document review technique. The researchers previously classified specific themes, namely the background of the Cultivation system policy, the Cultivation system policy in several previous works, and the end of the system policy. The results of this study show that research on Cultivation systems in Java is divided into three phases. The first phase started in the 1850s or 1860s and lasted until the early 1920s. While in the second phase began in the 1920s until the end of Dutch rule in Indonesia. Then in the third phase, starting from independence to the present. There was a paradigm shift regarding the Cultivation system in all stages. At first, it was more likely that the system was considered evil, then shifted to the judgment that it was good for the Dutch and bad for the indigenous population. Furthermore, the view indicates that the system benefited some people but was terrible for others. The controversial side of the policy persists to this day, and continuous research is needed to reveal the merits and demerits of the system.Keywords: Controversy, Impact, Cultivation, IndonesiaPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan sisi kontroversi dari pelaksanaan kebijakan Tanam Paksa di Hindia Belanda (1830-1870). Penelitian ini dikerjakan menggunakan metode sejarah. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini mengandalkan sumber sekunder yang berasal dari buku dan artikel. Data itu dikumpulkan dengan teknik penelaahan dokumen, dengan sebelumnya peneliti melakukan klasifikasi terhadap tema-tema khusus, yaitu; latar belakang kebijakan Tanam Paksa, kebijakan Tanam Paksa di beberapa karya terdahulu, dan masa akhir kebijakan Tanam Paksa. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa Penelitian mengenai Tanam Paksa di Jawa dibagi ke dalam tiga fase. Fase pertama dimulai sejak tahun 1850 atau 1860-an sampai permulaan 1920-an. Sementara pada fase kedua, yang dimulai sejak tahun 1920-an sampai masa akhir kekuasaan Belanda di Indonesia. Kemudian pada fase ketiga, yang dimulai sejak kemerdekaan hingga saat ini. Pada ketiga fase itu terjadi pergeseran paradigma mengenai Tanam Paksa, di awal lebih cenderung bahwa sistem itu jahat, kemudian beralih menjadi sistem itu baik untuk Belanda dan jahat untuk penduduk pribumi. Selanjutnya berkembang pandangan yang mengindikasikan bahwa sistem itu menguntungkan bagi segolongan penduduk, namun jahat bagi golongan penduduk lainnya. Sisi kontroversi dari kebijakan itu masih berlangsung hingga hari ini dan dibutuhkan penelitian terus menerus untuk mengungkapkan baik dan buruknya sistem tersebut.Keywords: kontroversi, dampak, Tanam Paksa, Indonesia
“... protect me, Lord, from contempt, protect me from hatred, God”. When Words Express Contempt
Authors: Gałczyńska Alicja
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the concept of contempt, understood as a feeling of disrespect and aversion and a sense of superiority towards someone towards whom our contempt is directed. It is an emotion of a social nature, winding up a spiral of hatred. Contempt presupposes the speaker’s superiority, who considers himself superior to the person/group of people he is speaking to. I treat the rhetoric of contempt as an element of verbal aggression, which is sometimes expressed through various linguistic means. Here I would like to show how words change their meaning and start to express contempt and hatred towards another human being. Referring to the determinants of hate speech indicated by Michał Głowiński (ruthlessness of reason, objectification of the „hero” of the statement, dichotomy of values, conspiracy view of reality, arbitrariness of assessments and depersonalized sender), I indicate why the use of the term LGBT ideology is such an immoral way of using language. Language analyses focus on statements from public discourse – they were taken primarily from Internet portals and social media.
War Discourse in the Biographical Novels About Artists: Intermedial Aspect
Authors: Levytska Oksana , Mocherniuk Nataliia
Published: April 2023

War narrative in the biographical novels about painters has been analysed in their intermedial links with the paintings of said artists. The object of analysis is novels about the Spanish artist Francisco Goya written by Manfred Schneider, Carlos Rojas, and Jacek Dehnel; Ralf Dutli’s novel about Chaim Soutine; and a separate section dedicated to a selection of novels about Ukrainian artists: Ivan Holubkovskyi’s text about Oleksa Novakivskyi, Stanislav Stetsenko’s work about Mykola Hlushchenko, Kateryna Lebedieva’s book about Les Kozlovskyi, Volodymyr Yavorivskyi’s novel about Kateryna Bilokur. At the core of the study is the intermedial methodology based on theory by I. Rajewski, A. Hansen-Löve, S. Macenka, and A. Berger. Different aspects of war discourse in novels and its interaction with the creations of artists have been identified and highlighted, i.e., thematisation of war, description of painting creation, ekphrasis and references to works of art, use of art poetics in a literary text, aesthetics and psychology of creativity stipulated by war.
Adapting Experiential Learning in Times of Uncertainty: Challenges, Strategies, and Recommendations Moving Forward
Authors: O'Connor Eileen , Marcogliese Emily , Anis Hanan , Faye Gaelle , Flynn Alison , Hayman Ellis , Stambouli Jamel
Published: April 2023

Experiential learning offers students the opportunity to gain practical experience with a community or industry partner in their field of study. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many workplaces transitioned from in-person to at-home work environments, and those that did not, often reduced or removed access for non-essential personnel. In this report from the field, multiple viewpoints are shared that emerged from an interdisciplinary panel on experiential learning in the June 2022 Spotlight Series hosted by Teaching and Learning Support Services at the University of Ottawa. These voices “from the field” shed light on the impact of uncertain times on experiential learning and, collectively, focus on identifying challenges, implementing strategies and good practices, and sharing recommendations moving forward.
Food warms the soul, but how much is too much?
Authors: L Tulp Orien
Published: April 2023

In Western society, inadequate voluntary dietary satiety control, also indicated as satiety suppression during holiday and festive celebratory events, combined with ongoing poor daily dietary choices and continued caloric imbalance may contribute to a premature onset of the pathophysiologic changes often associated with aging and obesity, including metabolic syndrome. These nutritional factors are likely contributors to the growing trend of an increased prevalence of obesity and its pathophysiologic sequelae and culminating in decreased potential for attaining our optimal longevity. In some relatively remote cultures, however, where local populations consume predominately local foods high in nutritional content, in line with their actual caloric and nutritional requirements for a healthy lifestyle, many often survive to or beyond their 100th birthday and thus represent some of the greatest examples of longevity on the planet. The metabolic and pathophysiologic benefits of voluntary appetite control and satiety suppression in concert with a healthy lifestyle likely result in a greater individual potential to attain the optimal longevity conferred by our ancestral rights and origins.
Roseate and merest-acinar cell carcinoma-pancreas
Authors: Bajaj Anubha
Published: April 2023

Acinar cell carcinoma pancreas is an epithelial, malignant neoplasm of exocrine pancreas comprised of cells resembling pancreatic acinar cells which are immune reactive to BCL10 and trypsin. Tumefaction arises due to accumulated genetic alterations, chromosomal instability or allelic copy number variation. Cogent clinical symptoms as abdominal pain, dorso-lumbar pain, loss of weight, nausea or vomiting or subcutaneous fat necrosis may ensue. Grossly, a solid, enlarged, well circumscribed, partially encapsulated tumefaction of fleshy consistency is encountered. Neoplastic cells demonstrate granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm pervaded with zymogen granules stainable with periodic acid Schiff’s (PAS) stain with diastase resistance, uniform nuclei and a singular, prominent nucleolus. Scanty and fibrous encompassing stroma exhibits foci of perineural and vascular invasion. Acinar cell carcinoma pancreas is immune reactive to keratins as CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19, BCL10, trypsin nuclear beta catenin or CD200. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) delineates an enlarged tumefaction with well-defined perimeter, an exophytic pattern of tumour evolution and heterogeneous image enhancement. Surgical resection, chemotherapy with gemcitabine or radiofrequency ablation are appropriate modes of therapy.
Laboratory rationale for dose reduction anticoagulant for thrombosis complicing treatment patients with hemoblastosis on the background of chemioinduced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Dmitriev Vyacheslav
Published: April 2023

Purpose of the study: To substantiate the minimum hemostatic threshold for platelet count, which regulates the anticoagulant therapy of thrombosis against the background of induced thrombocytopenia in children with malignant neoplasms. Material and research methods: 23 patients (group 1) with hemorrhagic syndrome caused by thrombocytopenia (less than 50∙109/l) were examined. The control group consisted of 21 patients (group 2) with a similar diagnosis, platelet count less than 150∙109/l, who did not have bleeding. All examined patients with hemoblastoses had signs of febrile neutropenia. Additionally, under the conditions of a bench experiment, dilutions of platelet donor plasma were prepared with a platelet content of 5.0×109/l, 10.0×109/l, 20.0×109/l, 30.0×109/l, 40.0×109/L, 50.0×109/L, 60.0×109/L, 70.0×109/L, 80.0×109/L, 90.0×109/L, 100.0×109 /l, 200.0×109/l. Platelets were counted in peripheral blood for each sample using an XN-3000 hematology analyzer (manufactured by Sysmex GmbH, Japan) by the impedance method using original reagents (SysmexGmbH). The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in patients' platelet plasma was determined by the Hemker method on a Fluoroskanascent fluoroscan manufactured by Thermo Electron Corporation (Maastricht, Netherlands) using reagent kits from Thrombinoscop eBV. Research results: Between the content of platelets in whole blood and EPT of platelet plasma of patients with hemoblastoses, a relationship was revealed, which is reflected by the regression equation: y = 15.1356 + (0.0745∙ x), where y is the content of platelets in the blood (109/l), and x - EPT nM/l∙min in venous blood plasma. The minimum threshold value of EPT of platelet plasma, which provides hemostasis, 250 nM/l∙min, corresponded to the minimum platelet content of 30.0∙109/l in the blood of FN patients. Decrease in the content of platelets in donor plasma less than 20×109/l led to a decrease in EPT less than 250 nM/l•min. Between the EPT generated in the platelet donor plasma and the content of platelets in the donor plasma in the range (100.0 -20.0) ×109/l, a linear relationship was revealed. When the content of platelets was more than 100.0×109/l, generated by platelet plasma, EPT increased, regardless of the increase in the content of platelets in the plasma under study. Conclusion: in case of thrombosis against the background of chemo-induced thrombocytopenia in the range (100.0 -20.0)×109/l, the patient should receive LMWH at a dose reduced in proportion to the content of platelets in the blood.
Efficacy of leaf extracts of apple of sodom (Calotropis procera) for the control of subterranean termite Odontotermes Obesus
Authors: Z Rasib Khalid , bibi Iqra , Saif Palwasha , Saif Warisha , Fatima Khushbo , Farooq Zahid
Published: April 2023

Despite serious safety concerns, Calotropis procera is used for gastrointestinal disorders. The subterranean termites Odontotermes obesus is extremely invading wood pests that cause direct economic losses worth billions of dollars throughout the world particularly in humid and subtropic regions. Leaf extract of Calotropis procera in two solvent hexane and acetone, is used against workers of subterranean termites, mortality. LC50 and tunneling behavior of termites was observed at different concentration of 3%, 7% and 10% respectively and distilled water applied a control. Two solvent hexane and acetone is used for extraction. Data have been analyzed using software Minitab (version 16).
The ecological degradation in “the city of saints” hoshiarpur in punjab (India)
Authors: K Dham Kirandeep
Published: April 2023

Hoshiarpur is a small town in the northern state of Punjab in India that remained ecologically rich until recently, when unplanned urbanization, population explosion and humungous tree cutting contributed in large to a disturbed ecology in the region. This work is a small effort to provide a broader overview towards massive ecological changes that have taken place in the city and suggest the path towards its ecological restoration and remediation.
Using the conservation excellence model to improve ecosystem restoration undertaken by organisations working in biodiversity hotspots
Authors: A Black Simon , AG Lee Marianne , Ingram Grace , J Amavassee Erwin
Published: April 2023

Ecosystem restoration is a relatively new discipline in conservation biology and good practice is needed to close the knowledge-action gap to implement evidence-based conservation and effective landscape recovery. The Conservation Excellence Model (CEM) has been used to evaluate over 100 conservation organisations including programmes involved in reforestation and ecosystem renewal. This study evaluates a reforestation initiative in Mauritius using the CEM methodology and compares the programme’s organisation with an equivalent Indian Ocean Island programme in Comoros. This study aims to identify whether improvements in reforestation can be identified by CEM evaluation, whether recommendations for these specific reforestation programmes generate learning about effective practices in the sector, and whether the CEM is a relevant tool for comparing effectiveness of reforestation initiatives. The Mauritius programme is shown to utilise sound approaches, whilst being a relatively new organisation (with a profile of more than 350 points), yet can still make improvements already implemented and observed in its Comorian equivalent, which will enable significant improvement in approach and results in the future. The findings identify the importance of addressing threats and factors influencing ecosystem degradation, ensuring links between agricultural and reforestation goals, involvement of local communities, resilient management teams, and having teams based on local staff. CEM assessment provides a rapid, low-intensity approach to investigate connections and facilitate improvements in organisational practice, enhance conservation and restoration work, and enable a more purposeful effort to ensure advances in achievement, outcomes and impact of reforestation initiatives.