bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Tmc1 Deafness Mutations Impact Mechanotransduction in Auditory Hair Cells
Authors: Beurg Maryline , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Koleilat Alaa , Amr Sami S. , Oza Andrea , Barlow Amanda J. , Ballesteros Angela , Fettiplace Robert
Published: April 2021

Transmembrane channel-like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) is a major component of the mechano-electrical transducer (MET) channel in cochlear hair cells and is subject to numerous mutations causing deafness. We report a new dominant human deafness mutation,TMC1p.T422K, and have characterized the homologous mouse mutant,Tmc1p.T416K, which caused deafness and outer hair cell (OHC) loss by the fourth postnatal week. MET channels showed decreased Ca2+permeability and resting open probability, but no change in single-channel conductance or expression. Three adjacent deafness mutations areTMC1p.L416R, p.G417R, and p.M418K, the last homologous to the mouseBeethoventhat exhibits similar channel effects. All substitute a positive for a neutral residue, which could produce charge screening in the channel pore or influence binding of an accessory subunit. Channel properties were compared in mice of both sexes between dominant (Tmc1p.T416K,Tmc1p.D569N) and recessive (Tmc1p.W554L,Tmc1p.D528N) mutations of residues near the putative pore of the channel.Tmc1p.W554L and p.D569N exhibit reduced maximum current with no effect on single-channel conductance, implying a smaller number of channels transported to the stereociliary tips; this may stem from impaired TMC1 binding to LHFPL5.Tmc1p.D528N, located in the pore's narrowest region, uniquely caused large reductions in MET channel conductance and block by dihydrostreptomycin (DHS). ForTmc1p.T416K andTmc1p.D528N, transduction loss occurred between P15 and P20. We propose two mechanisms linking channel mutations and deafness: decreased Ca2+permeability, common to all mutants, and decreased resting open probability in low Ca2+, confined to dominant mutations.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTransmembrane channel-like protein isoform 1 (TMC1) is thought to be a major component of the mechanotransducer channel in auditory hair cells, but the protein organization and channel structure are still uncertain. We made four mouse lines harboringTmc1point mutations that alter channel properties, causing hair cell degeneration and deafness. These include a mouse homolog of a new human deafness mutation pT416K that decreased channel Ca2+permeability by introducing a positively-charged amino acid in the putative pore. All mutations are consistent with the channel structure predicted from modeling, but only one, p.D528N near the external face of the pore, substantially reduced channel conductance and Ca2+permeability and virtually abolished block by dihydrostreptomycin (DHS), strongly endorsing its siting within the pore.
DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT CAUSE BITTERNESS DURING SHELF-LIFE IN WHITE CHEESE PRODUCED USING ULTRAFILTRATED MILK
Authors: ARISOY Zerrin , ÖNER Zübeyde
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to determine the causes of bitterness problems in white cheese produced by ultrafiltration (UF). To investigate the association between the bitterness with the enzyme use or by the starter culture, white cheese was produced using UF-pasteurized and UF-raw milk with two different coagulating enzymes and two starter cultures with different proteolytic activities. Sensory analysis, protein, water-soluble nitrogen, 12% trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen, 5% phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen and acid degree values were determined on day 1, 30, 60 and 90 of the ripening periods. During the ripening process, bitterness was determined in the cheese samples due to proteolysis. The A cheese sample, which was produced using chymosin enzyme and a starter culture with high proteolytic activity, was determined to be the sample with the highest bitterness level in the sensory analyses, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and HPLC analysis. 72.26% αs-casein hydrolysis was determined in the A cheese sample. According to HPLC results, a high hydrophobic peptide formation was determined with the increase in the area of hydrophobic peptides with a rate of 106% between 40 and 60 minutes.
Utilisation of Chemical Waste Additives with Low Octane Commercial Gasoline Fuel to Enhance the Performance of SI Engines
Authors: Ali O. M.
Published: April 2021

In this study, fusel oil additive from the waste product has been used as an octane number enhancer to improve gasoline engine performance. The fusel additive was added at 10%, 20% and 30% ratios to prepare the investigated fuel samples (M10, M20 and M30, respectively, in addition to pure gasoline M0). Engine tests were conducted at constant half engine load and increasing speed from 1500 rpm to 4500 rpm at 1000 rpm increments. Response surface methodology has been used as a statistical technique to describe the relationship between the investigated input variables with their responses to achieve the optimum operating conditions. Engine cyclic variations were analysed using wavelet analysis of in-cylinder pressure based on indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) calculated for 100 consecutive cycles. The results showed that the higher brake power was obtained with blended fuel M20 during the engine operating speeds. The maximum increase of brake power found to be 23.6% with M20 compared to gasoline at 1500 rpm, which accompanied by a 7.3% increase in brake specific fuel consumption. On the other hand, the highest increase in brake thermal efficiency is found to be related to the engine speed and fusel additive ratio. Wavelet analysis shows that the engine cyclic variations decrease as the fusel additive introduce with gasoline. Moreover, fusel additive has a pronounced effect on decreasing the cycle to cycle variations of the IMEP time series with the lowest overall engine cyclic variations for M30. Accordingly, 20% fusel additive (M20) can be considered as a valuable octane enhancer for better engine performance.
Baile, ruido y algarabía: un acercamiento a la interpretación de las “folías portuguesas”
Authors: Roldán Fidalgo Cristina
Published: April 2021

Bajo el término “folía” han surgido a lo largo de la historia distintas manifestaciones literarias y musicales, lo que ha contribuido a la confusión que impera hoy sobre su significado. A finales del siglo XV y durante el siglo xvi, con el nombre de “folías portuguesas” se conocía a un espectáculo en el que la danza, el alboroto y el ruido parecen haber sido protagonistas, y cuyas características distintivas son aún poco conocidas. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo arrojar luz sobre estas folías a través de relaciones de la época.
The Osteochondroma as a Cause of Ischiofemoral Impingement – First Case Series
Authors: Güney Bunyamin , Doğan Emrah , Özdemir Murat Yunus
Published: April 2021

Ischiofemoral impingement (ISFI) is the compression of the quadratus femoris muscle resulting from the narrowed distance between the lesser trochanter and the ischial bone. Congenital factors (such as developmental hip dysplasia), positional conditions (such as femoral anteversion), intertrochanteric fractures, osteotomy, and osteoarthritis may lead to the superior and medial displacement of the femur which is causing the ISFI. According to the literature, osteochondroma (OC) is not described among the main etiological factors of ISFI. There is only one case report about the relationship between ISFI and OC. We present two ISFI cases due to OC accompanied by radiological findings. Our patients are 19 and 32 years old. Our article is the first case series on this topic.
An Intensive Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions in Indoor Patients of Paediatric Department at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Gujarat, India.
Authors: Patel Kandarp , Thacker Kuntal , Kanani Neeta , Mistry Vimesh
Published: April 2021

they differ from adults in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics responses. ADRs reported in adults do not predict those in children. Thus, this study aimed to intensively monitor ADRs occurred in inpatients of paediatric department of tertiary care teaching hospital to assess the same in terms of incidence, causality, severity and preventability. A prospective observational single centre study was done in the paediatric department of SSG hospital, Vadodara over duration of 8 months. The ADRs were actively monitored and collected reports were analysed for ADR pattern, demographic proﬁle, causality, severity, and preventability. A total of 66 ADRs were documented during the period of 8 months. Among these 53.03% ADRs occurred below the age of 1 year, 89.13% ADRs occurred due to antibiotics, 56.06% ADRs are of Diarrhoea and vomiting and 80.43% ADRs developed after receiving drug intravenously. As per WHO-UMC criteria, 46.96 % ADRs were of probable while 51.51% ADRs were of possible causality while as per Naranjo scale 60.61% ADRs were of probable and 39.39% ADRs were of possible category. As per severity scale 69.70% reactions were mild and 30.30 % reactions were moderate. Probably preventable ADRs were about 57.58%. ADRs occurred more among infants and antibiotics were more commonly implicated. Most of the reactions were of mild severity and were probably preventable. Certain Precautionary measures can lead to significant prevention of ADRs in paediatric patients.
Productivity and quality of experimental sunflower hybrids in climatically different years
Authors: Drumeva M.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The main purpose of sunflower breeding requires the developing of high-yielding hybrid varieties with broad ecological plasticity that would guarantee the stability of the yield and the quality of the production from them. This investigation involved 10 experimental F1 hybrid combinations developed with the participation of double haploid fertility restorer lines (DHR) obtained through the method of gamma-induced parthenogenesis in combination with embryo culture. The aim of the investigation was to study the productivity and quality of the seeds from the new experimental sunflower hybrid varieties with a view of their future use in practice. The experimental work included years 2014 and 2015, which were significantly different with regard to the climatic conditions. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field and the laboratory of the Technical University in Varna. The hybrid combinations were assessed according to the main parameters of sunflower productivity, namely seed yield (kg/ha) and oil yield (kg/ha), as well as according to the main quality parameter of sunflower seeds – oil percent in seed. Under the conditions of this investigation, the analysis of the results showed that the genotype potential of the hybrids was determining for the seed and oil yield; a relatively high effect of the year conditions was also established for the parameter oil yield. The percent of oil in seeds was determined on the basis of the genotype, and the effect of the year was considerably lower. Summing up the results from the testing of the experimental hybrids, it can be pointed out that three of the studied hybrid combinations (3607A х 112DHR, 3607A х 123DHR and 3607A х 167DHR) realized good production potential under variable agro-meteorological conditions and can find future realization in practice.
Influence of long-term fertilization and environments on test weight of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grain
Authors: Panayotova G. , Kostadinova S. , Stefanova-Dobreva S. , Muhova A.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization and meteorological conditions during the period 1990-2019 on test weight of durum wheat grain in Central South Bulgaria. The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus rates – 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg.ha-1, as well as combined NP fertilization in the same rates on durum wheat grain under conditions of stationary long-term fertilizing experiment in cotton-durum wheat crop rotation was studied. The analysis of the results showed that the test weight was below the standard requirements in eight of the studied years, and in 22 years the average test weight exceeded the requirements. The values in 17 years were over 80.0 kg. The test weight decreased by increasing the N rates above 80 kg and the lowest average value was seen at N160 – 79.4 kg. The Р application in rates from 40 tо 160 kg.ha-1 indicated a tendency to increase the test weight. Good values were realized by combining a moderate to high phosphorus rates Р80-160 with low N levels N40-80. Weather conditions during the 30-year period have a strong significant impact on the test weight of the grain.
Physiological responses of Vicia faba to copper toxicity
Authors: Benouis S. , Reguieg Yssaad H.A. , Bouziani E.H. , Khedim I.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Copper plays an important role in multiple plant physiological processes including photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Excess copper in tissues leads to physiological and biochemical disturbances. In order to determine the physiological response of Vicia faba L. to copper toxicity, two varieties (Sidi Aïch and Super Aguadulce) were grown in a substrate of sand and compost (3V/V) and contaminated by different doses of Cu (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 mg kg-1). Dose rates ≥160 mg kg-1 led to the accumulation of copper in roots and shoots, in turn leading to decreases in photosynthetic activity and protein content and to the accumulation of proline, a stress indicator, and soluble sugars.
Towards enhanced nanoindentation by image recognition
Authors: Brinckmann Steffen , Schwaiger Ruth
Published: April 2021

The Oliver–Pharr method is maybe the most established method to determine a material’s Young’s modulus and hardness. However, this method has a number of requirements that render it more challenging for hard and stiff materials. Contact area and frame stiffness have to be calibrated for every tip, and the surface contact has to be accurately identified. The frame stiffness calibration is particularly prone to inaccuracies since it is easily affected, e.g., by sample mounting. In this study, we introduce a method to identify Young’s modulus and hardness from nanoindentation without separate area function and frame stiffness calibrations and without surface contact identification. To this end, we employ automatic image recognition to determine the contact area that might be less than a square micrometer. We introduce the method and compare the results to those of the Oliver–Pharr method. Our approach will be demonstrated and evaluated for nanoindentation of Si, a hard and stiff material, which is challenging for the proposed method.

Graphic Abstract
DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKING SUPPORT FOR CREATION HIGH-ACCURACY MAGNETIC FIELD MAPS
Authors: Babeniuk G. M.
Published: April 2021

Context. The main purpose of Correlation Extremal Navigation system is finding coordinates in case of absence of Global Positioning System signal and as a result high-accuracy maps as the main source of information for finding coordinates are very important. Magnetic field map as the main source of information can include errors values, as an example: not good enough equipment or human factor can cause error value of measurements.

Objective. In order to create high-accuracy maps given work proposes to improve the process of creating magnetic field maps. The given work represents delay tolerant networking as an additional approach for data transmission between magnetic observatory and magnetic station and its improvement.

Method. Improved Dijkstra’s algorithm together with Ford-Fulkerson’s algorithm for finding path with minimum capacity losses, earliest delivery time and maximum bit rate in case of overlapping contacts should be represented in the given work because nowadays, delay tolerant networking routing protocols do not take into account the overlap factor and resulting capacity losses and it leads to big problems

Results. For the first time will be presented algorithm that chooses the route that guarantees the minimum of capacity losses, earliest delivery time and maximum bit rate in the delay tolerant networking with overlapping contacts and increases the probability of successful data transmission between magnetic stations and magnetic observatories.

Conclusions. In order to perform high-accuracy measurement of magnetic field group of people allocate their equipment for magnetic field measurement in remote areas in order to avoid the influence of environment on measurements of magnetometer. Since magnitude of magnetic field can vary dependent on temperature, proximity to the ocean, latitude (diurnal variation of magnetic field) and magnetic storms magnetic station from time to time adjusts its measurements with a help of reference values of magnetic field (magnetic station sends request for reference values to magnetic observatory). The problem of the given approach is that remote areas usually are not covered by network (no Internet) and as a result the adjustment of measurements is impossible. In order to make adjustment of measurements possible and as a result improve accuracy of magnetic maps given work proposed the usage of Delay Tolerant Networking that delivers internet access to different areas around the world and represented its improvement to make its approach even better.The results are published for the first time.
GAME MODEL OF ONTOLOGICAL PROJECT SUPPORT
Authors: Kravets P. , Lytvyn V. , Vysotska V.
Published: April 2021

Context. In today’s information society with advanced telecommunications through mobile devices and computer networks, it is important to form a variety of virtual organizations and communities. Such virtual associations of people by professional or other interests are designed to quickly solve various tasks: to perform project tasks, create startups to attract investors, network marketing, distance learning, solving complex problems in science, economics and public administration , construction of various Internet services, discussion of political and social processes, etc.

Objective of the study is to develop an adaptive Markov recurrent method based on the stochastic approximation of the modified condition of complementary non-rigidity, valid at Nash equilibrium points for solving the problem of game coverage of projects.

Method. In this work the multiagent game model for formation of virtual teams of executors of projects on the basis of libraries of subject ontologies is developed. The competencies and abilities of agents required to carry out projects are specified by sets of ontologies. Intelligent agents randomly, simultaneously and independently choose one of the projects at discrete times. Agents who have chosen the same project determine the current composition of the team of its executors. For agents’ teams, a current penalty is calculated for insufficient coverage of competencies by the combined capabilities of agents. This penalty is used to adaptively recalculate mixed player strategies. The probabilities of selecting those teams whose current composition has led to a reduction in the fine for non-coverage of ontologies are increasing. During the repetitive stochastic game, agents will form vectors of mixed strategies that will minimize average penalties for non-coverage of projects.

Results. For solve the problem of game coverage of projects, an adaptive Markov recurrent method based on the stochastic approximation of the modified condition of complementary non-rigidity, valid at Nash equilibrium points, was developed.

Conclusions. Computer simulation confirmed the possibility of using the stochastic game model to form teams of project executors with the necessary ontological support in conditions of uncertainty. The convergence of the game method is ensured by compliance with the fundamental conditions and limitations of stochastic optimization. The reliability of experimental studies is confirmed by the repeatability of the results obtained for different sequences of random variables.
APPLICATION OF THE “JUMPING FROGS” ALGORITHM FOR RESEARCH AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
Authors: Koshevoy N. D. , Muratov V. V. , Kirichenko A. L. , Borisenko S. A.
Published: April 2021

Context. An application of the method of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm to construct optimal experiment plans for cost (time) in the study of technological processes and systems that allow the implementation of an active experiment on them is proposed.

The object of study are optimization methods for cost (time) costs of experimental designs, based on the application of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm.

Objective. To obtain optimization results by optimizing the search of a “jumping frogs” search algorithm for the cost (time) costs of plans for a full factorial experiment.

Method. A method is proposed for constructing a cost-effective (time) implementation of an experiment planning matrix using algorithms for searching for “jumping frogs”. At the beginning, the number of factors and the cost of transitions for each factor level are entered. Then, taking into account the entered data, the initial experiment planning matrix is formed. Then, taking into account the entered data, the initial matrix of experiment planning is formed. The “jumping frogs” method determines the “successful frog” by the lowest cost of transitions between levels for each of the factors. After that, the permutations of the “frogs” are performed. The “frog” strives for the most “successful” and, provided it stays close, remains in the location. Then the gain is calculated in comparison with the initial cost (time) of the experiment.

Results. Software has been developed that implements the proposed method, which was used to conduct computational experiments to study the properties of these methods in the study of technological processes and systems that allow the implementation of an active experiment on them. The experimental designs that are optimal in terms of cost (time) are obtained, and the winnings in the optimization results are compared with the initial cost of the experiment. A comparative analysis of optimization methods for the cost (time) costs of plans for a full factorial experiment is carried out.

Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed method and the software that implements it, and also allows us to recommend it for practical use in constructing optimal experiment planning matrices.
The Role of Culture and Arts in Peace Building and Reconciliation
Authors:   Midlands State University, Goredema Dorothy
Published: April 2021

This paper argues that conflict resolution, peace building and reconciliation in the 21st century requires a cultural slant in addition to conventional political and military approaches. This development should not be surprising especially given the nature of recent wars which have turned out to be more intra-state than inter-state. Since the end of the Cold war, wars have been focused on issues of culture, ethnicity, politics and religion than on nationalisms. Thus, cultural beliefs, norms, traditions, ethnicity and religion have contributed towards many major disruptions that have cost innocent lives and loss of valuable property. In addition, conflicts and divisions within societies reflect lack of appreciation and intolerance of others` cultural beliefs, views and are motivated by cultural differences. In the wars of recent decades, rape has been used as a weapon of war and children have been abducted to be killers and sex-slaves. Millions of families have been uprooted from their homes. Taken as a whole, these current developments allow us to witness how everyday people are experiencing the historical, cultural, economic and social forces that shape our world. As such, this present effort unpacks the role that culture can play in peace building and reconciliation. The research is qualitative in nature and applied discourse analysis to draw information from journal articles, published books as well as reports in the area of reconciliation and peace-building. Examples will be drawn mainly from Zimbabwe and other different countries in world to substantiate some of the arguments put forward in the paper.
Linguistic and Extra-Linguistic features of SABC indigenous language adverts: A Critical Discourse Approach
Authors:   Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe, Jongore Magret , Phaahla Pink ,   University of South Africa, South Africa, Masubelele Rose ,   University of South Africa, South Africa
Published: April 2021

Discourse encompasses not only written and spoken language but visual images as well. If discourse combines visuals and images, it is important that analysis of such texts account for the special characteristics of visual semiotics; the relationship between language and images. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this paper, unravels power relations in the electronic advertising texts such as those aired on television. The targeted television advertising discourse is characterised by sound, colour, picture, camera angle and other motion picture attributes. The paper argues that texts in general and texts as adverts are hegemonic in nature. The reproduction of a popular culture perpetuated by adverts has been noted to support the perspective that advertising drives the global media and has profound influence on the content of the media messages received and subsequently on the cultures of the recipients. The paper makes use of the McDonalds TV Seat Advert shown on SABC1.
Built-in metro system concourse in historical buildings: the experience of Leningrad and Prague, modern problems and technologies in the context of a barrier-free environment establishment
Authors: Strugach Alexander , Trifonov Andrey
Published: April 2021

Currently, the barrier-free environment establishment in transport (including in the metro system) is one of the most urgent tasks. When retrofitting existing metro stations for access by disabled people and other people with limited mobility in a dense urban development of the historical center, it will inevitably arise the need to build additional concourse and related premises in historical buildings and cultural heritage sites.
For St. Petersburg, this topic is especially important, given the specific structure of the city’s historical center and the location peculiarities of central metro stations. This article examines and briefly analyzes the building metro concourse experience in historical buildings and cultural heritage sites in Leningrad (on the example of the St. Petersburg metro stations «Mayakovskva», «Nevsky Prospekt» / «Gostiny Dvor») and Prague (on the example of the Prague metro stations «I.P. Pavlova» and «Karlovo namesti»). The investigated Prague projects experience is the most relevant in relation to the modern providing a barrier-free environment challenges that St. Petersburg metro faced.
The article also provides a cementing overview (for stabilizing the preserved object’s soil and foundations, including Jet Grouting) and their use peculiarities in the existing historical development.
One of the options proposed by the authors to provide access for disabled people and other people with limited mobility to the Ploschad Vosstaniya metro station is considered. This option was prepared in the course of pre-design studies on organizing access for disabled people and other people with limited mobility to 11 Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya line stations of the St. Petersburg metro in 2019–2020.
Enhanced power density in hydrocarbon-compatible anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell facilitated by a functional anode catalyst layer
Authors: Senthil Kumar S , Jayaram V , Aruna S T
Published: April 2021

In the present study, solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is employed to prepare a hydrocarbon-compatible composite anode oxide powder containing nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) (Ni0.9–Cu0.1–YSZ0.95–GDC0.05) through the single-step solution combustion method using two different fuels. The effect of fuel on the nature of the synthesized anode powder is established. Carburization studies are carried out on the synthesized anode powder to study the carbon-retarding ability. Phase stability and interface reactivity are studied by X-ray diffractometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The SCS-synthesized anode powder is used for the fabrication of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The fabricated SOFC single cells are characterized for their electrical and electrochemical performance. Based on their performance, it is realized that they can be used as an anode functional layer instead of the anode support. The SOFC containing the SCS-synthesized anode as the functional layer yields a high power density of 884 mW/cm2 in methane fuel at 800°C, which is higher than the reported power density of such cells. The electrode impedance and exchange current density are also derived for the SOFC.
Briefing: Resurgence of reuse at the organisational level: a reactive development in the UK
Authors: Tavri Purva
Published: April 2021

This briefing forms part of a larger PhD research investigation into reuse behaviour at the organisational level in the UK. The organisations included in this sample selected from the Waste and Resource Action Programme exhibit similar features in terms of being probable leaders in the field of waste management. The types of organisations included were retailers, construction companies, waste service companies, manufacturers and third sector organisations. The briefing argues that a sudden rise in attention and the increased significance of reuse in the industry are ‘reactions’ to several socio-economic and environmental issues, which indeed have always been a factor; this is demonstrated through the UK waste journey.
Impact of technogenic dust pollution from the closed mining enterprise in the Amur Region on the ecosphere and human health
Authors: Rastanina N. K. , Kolobanov K. A.
Published: April 2021

Environmental protection is a complex ecological and economic problem, including the need to develop and implement a number of environmental protection measures to mitigate the negative impact of mining waste on all natural environment components and human health. In this regard, the study purpose was to assess the impact of Pb, Cd, Cr, and As compounds on the environment and health of the population of the Solnechny miner’s village. Based on the purpose, the following tasks were set: 1) review and systematization of literature data on the problem of technogenic dust pollution; 2) assessment of the mining industrial system as a source of ecosystem pollution with toxic elements within the closed mining enterprises impact areas; 3) development of proposals for mitigating the impact of mining activities on ecosystems and human health. The paper presents the findings of the study of the elemental status of children and adolescents living within the closed town-forming enterprise JSC Solnechny GOK impact area. The relationship between the level of technogenic pollution of the natural environment and the changes in the elemental status of the children was shown. A feature of the elemental status of the children in the study group was high content of heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, and As. Our research confirmed the data that a growing child’s body actively adsorbs compounds of toxic chemical elements. Deficiency and imbalance of microelements in the body can cause ecologically-related diseases in the child population. Individual and population carcinogenic risks (CR) caused by the As, Pb, and Cr pollution were calculated. In accordance with the acceptance criteria for the risk caused by exposure to the pollutants, the individual carcinogenic risk CR (Cr) = 1,05 · 10–3 belongs to the fourth range and is unacceptable neither for the population, nor for occupational groups. This is De manifestis risk, and when it is reached, it is necessary to carry out emergency curative measures to mitigate it. The individual risks CR (As) = 7,05 · 10–4 also exceed the acceptable level for the population. This level of pollution is subject to permanent monitoring, requires development and implementation of planned curative measures to improve the indicators of the human environment, one of which is the organization of the environmental monitoring system in the study area.
Determination of bench, dump and road sliding wedge technological parameters
Authors: Chunuev I. K. , Levkin Yu. M. , Bolotbekov Zh.
Published: April 2021

Mine surveying in mining operations is of particular importance, since all technological processes of the full life cycle of a mining enterprise and, ultimately, its competitiveness depend on the surveying quality, efficiency and reliability. Organizations independently determine the structure of mine surveying services, taking into account the methods applied and the scale of mining. To ensure safe open-pit mining of minerals, it is necessary to permanently assess and monitor the pit bench and wall rock mass condition. Misjudgement of rock physical and mechanical properties, non-observance of the minerals mining and transportation process cycle, changes in climatic conditions and other problems lead to loss of stability of rocks in all parts of an open pit, including in the areas of ore production and mining and transport equipment operation. The existing practice shows that the effectiveness of an open pit wall and bench stability calculation can be achieved using a technique that should take into account the slope deformation and failure mechanism, as well as the nature of the stress-strain state of the open pit rock mass. The studies presented in the paper are based on comparative analysis of the sliding wedge parameters for benches, dumps and roads at open pits using analytical and graphical software packages, and taking into account the static load produced by dump trucks. The study findings allow to establish that: determination of the bench slope stability and the sliding wedge width, performed by the analytical method, gives higher accuracy results than those obtained by the graphical method; the bench slope stability and the sliding wedge width depend not only on the rock physical and mechanical condition, but also on the bench height, the dump truck (plus its freight load) weight per 1 linear meter of the placement area, the distance from the slope edge and other factors; the rock mass is stable and not subject to landslide phenomena for as long as the sum of the holding forces is greater than or equal to the sum of the shearing forces; when using large-sized transport equipment of nonstandard weight in open-pit mining, it is necessary to calculate the safe width of the sliding wedges, taking into account the loads on them (per 1 linear meter), the values of which can be 1.5–2.0 times higher than those calculated for the circular-cylindrical sliding surface.
FTIR and SEM of a novel chemical conditioning on the zirconia intaglio surface
Authors:   University of Mosul, College of Dentistry, Operative Department, Iraq, Nayif Ma’an M. , Hasan Nadia H. ,   University of Mosul, College of Dentistry, Operative Department, Iraq., Taqa Amer A. ,   Basic Science Department, Dentistry College, Mosul University, Iraq.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical and topographical changes in the intaglio zirconia surface induced by chemical conditioning solutions using FTIR and SEM analysis. Material and method: twelve plates for each FTIR and SEM tests from each zirconia materials (UPCERA HT White, BruxZir® Solid Zirconia, and Copran® Multilayer), milled by a Yenadent CAD/CAM system, sintered and divided randomly into a three groups. A different surface conditioning was applied to the intaglio surface of each group: 30% hydrogen peroxide, 30% citric acid and control group. Result and discussion: by using of the FTIR spectroscopy, an evidence of new bands formation appeared at 1637cm-1 and 3352cm-1 due to the high oxidizing effect of hydrogen peroxide, and at 630cm-1 and 1663cm-1 due to the chelating action of citric acid, and simultaneously, SEM assessment of the surface topography took place, to identify lines, scratches, or surface dissociation that appeared on the intaglio zirconia surface after conditioning. Conclusion: such analysis provides an enhancement of new convenient, less expensive, reliable trials to improve micro-bond strength of luting cement to Y-TZP ceramics.
Comparison of three different instruments for orthodontic study model analysis
Authors: Julyan JC , Julyan Jennifer , De Lange Johny
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: A proper model analysis forms a vital part of the orthodontic diagnosis process, but it remains a time-consuming procedure. In day-to-day practice, many orthodontists assess the models subjectively, without applying analytical tests, due to the time it takes to do proper model analysis.1,2 Plaster dental models have long been the gold standard for orthodontic study model analysis and to calculate the Bolton index for tooth size disproportions, as well as intra-arch space discrepancies.3,4 Vernier callipers or needle pointed dividers are traditionally used to perform measurements on dental models.5 More recently digital orthodontic study models that are computer-based have been developed and have the potential to replace the traditional plaster orthodontic models.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to do model analysis on one hundred orthodontic cases by making use of three different measuring tools. The objective was to see if a difference exists with regards to the measurements produced by the three different instruments and to compare the instruments with each other. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three different instruments were used to measure Ave values on one hundred orthodontic study models. The three instruments included a Boley Gauge, Digital Vernier Calliper and Carestream 3600 scanner with accompanying software. The five values measured on the study models were: maxillary intercanine width, maxillary intermolar width, mesio-distal width of tooth 11, mesio-distal width of tooth 46 and mesio-distal width of tooth 41. RESULTS: The statistical analysis performed showed that the difference in measurements produced by the three instruments were not statistically significant for the inter-molar width (p = 0.849), intercanine width (p = 0.657), mesio-distal width of tooth 11 (p = 0.178) and mesio-distal width of tooth 41 (p = 0.240 The difference in measurements for the mesio-distal width of tooth 46 were statistically significant (p<0.01). However no clinically significant difference was found when the measurements produced by the three instruments were compared. CONCLUSIONS: All three of the instruments produced accurate measurements and can be used confidently when doing a comprehensive study model analysis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The values produced were similar for all three instruments with insignificant differences between the three.
Regeneration indicators of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perl. in the Mbe plain of the Adamawa, Cameroon
Authors: LAMY LAMY Georges Maxime
Published: April 2021

Background In Africa, the Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. species is extremely important culturally, ecologically and socio-economically. This importance has led to its over-exploitation leading to an in situ rarity of its individuals. As a consequence, a conservation alert is increasingly reported across the continent due to the risk of extinction of this multipurpose plant. Unfortunately, indicators of regeneration and conservation guidelines for this species have been not developped yet. The objective was to evaluate the habitat, population distribution, dendrometric characteristics and structure of the plant which are indicators of regeneration in Cameroon.   

Methodology A floristic inventory as well as the vegetation transect method was used in the villages Def, Karna Manga and Karna Petel located in Adamawa, Cameroon.

Results A total of 109 individuals of the plant were counted with a density of 3.5 individuals per hectare. No plant individuals regenerated in human-controlled habitats (bush fields and home gardens). Population distribution, companion species (Bombax costatum, Piliostigma thonningii and Terminalia macroptera) more recurrent, species of the family Caesalpiniaceae in majority, dendrometric characteristics with a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between sites, horizontal and vertical structures although all significant at Karna Manga, showed site-specific patterns.

Conclusion The regeneration indicators (habitat, population distribution, structure and dendrometric characteristics: crown diameter, diameter at breast height, height of the first large living branch and tree height) showed that conservation in situ requires accounting for local, site-specific conditions. For the continuation, the less expensive domestication techniques specific to the plant are recommended.
A scoping review of COVID-19 experiences of people living with dementia
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne R. , O’Connell Megan E. , Webster Claire , Poole Lisa , Wighton Mary Beth , Sivananthan Saskia
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Compared with the general population, people living with dementia have been unequivocally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the COVID-19 impact on people with dementia and their care partners. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the existing literature on the COVID-19 experiences of people with dementia and their care partners.

Methods

Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, we searched five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and an online search engine (Google Scholar). Inclusion criteria consisted of English-language articles focusing on the COVID-19 experiences of people with dementia and their care partners.

Synthesis

Twenty-one articles met our inclusion criteria: six letters to the editor, seven commentaries, and eight original research studies. In the literature, five main themes were identified: (i) care partner fatigue and burnout; (ii) lack of access to services and supports; (iii) worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function; (iv) coping with COVID-19; and (v) the need for more evidence-informed research. Factors such as living alone, having advanced dementia, and the length of confinement were found to exacerbate the impact of COVID-19.

Conclusion

Urgent action is needed to support people living with dementia and their care partners in the pandemic. With little access to supports and services, people with dementia and their care partners are currently at a point of crisis. Collaboration and more evidence-informed research are critical to reducing mortality and supporting people with dementia during the pandemic.
La miocardite nelle malattie autoimmuni sistemiche
Authors: Altieri Alessandra , Nivuori Mariangela , Pancrazi Massimo , Cogliati Chiara , Brucato Antonio , Tombetti Enrico
Published: April 2021

Myocarditis represents the coexistence of myocardial inflammation and necrosis, with highly variable clinical severity and prog-nosis. Viruses are the most frequent aetiology followed by autoimmunity, either isolated or in the setting of systemic autoimmune diseases. This manuscript will focus on myocarditis occurring in patients with overt or smouldering systemic autoimmune dis-orders. The specificities in the clinical approach to these conditions and in diagnosis will be reviewed, together with the clinical heterogeneity associated to the different underlying autoimmune conditions and the most frequent clinical scenarios to be faced by the cardiologist in the outpatient clinic.
Making Watergate “Look Like Child’s Play”: The Solyndra Discourse (2011–2012) as Flak
Authors: Goss Brian Michael
Published: April 2021

In analyzing the distinction between flak and scandal, this investigation focuses on the discourse around Solyndra in 2011–2012 on two media platforms. Solyndra was a solar panel firm that went bankrupt after receiving American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (‘The Stimulus’) funds. The analysis shows that National Review—a rightwing journal of opinion that increasingly operates as an online platform—unswervingly utilized the Solyndra bankruptcy as an instrument of political combat. Following flak lines rehearsed by Republicans in congressional hearings, National Review narrated Solyndra as scandalous evidence of the Obama administration’s putative ineptitude and/or criminality that, moreover, discredited the efficacy of green energy. The performance of the mainstream newspaper The Washington Post presented a grab-bag mix as its objective methods insinuated flak packaged as scandal into stories when they followed Republican talking points. At the same time, The Washington Post’s discourse noted that no evidence of administration corruption was discovered despite extensive investigation and that government intervention into the economy is often highly beneficial.
The Commodification, Spatialization and Structuration of Social Media in the Indonesian Cyber Media News
Authors: Muslikhin Muslikhin , Mulyana Deddy , Hidayat Dadang Rahmat , Utari Prahastiwi
Published: April 2021

This research aims to uncover the commodification, spatialization, and structuration of Social Media within Cyber Media News in Indonesia. A critical perspective was used to conduct the study using a case study method. Through the use of Vincent Mosco political economy theory of media, the authors conclude that Tribunnews.com, the cyber media news, and the object of this research, makes social media a commodity and a content distribution channel, by involving all parts of the newsroom to utilize social media (structuration). The commodification of content is carried out by making information on social media an initial source for news production. Audience commodification by using the followers of social media accounts as a source of income. This was achieved by offering social media accounts to the advertisers to put their advertisement on official social media accounts. Through the use of social media, journalists are used by Tribunnews.com for profit. Utilization is carried out by distributing journalists’ work to social media, and to other cyber media news included in the media group—without providing additional wages. Spatialization was carried out by using social media as a means of news distribution or amplification. The goal is to reach readers who mostly get their information through the Internet, including through smartphones and social media. Structuration achieved through the formation of a team dedicated to managing the use of social media in the production and distribution of news.