bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WARGA NEGARA DIGITAL SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN WARGA NEGARA GLOBAL (Penelitian Grounded Theory tentang Dampak Kemajuan TIK terhadap Praktik Kewarganegaraan)
Authors: Feriyansyah Feriyansyah
Published: March 2018

Kemajuan TIK menjadikan manusia terhubung satu sama lain melalui alat-alat komunikasi yang ada digenggaman mereka. Oleh karena itu kemajuan TIK telah membawa perubahan dalam pola kehidupan manusia. Kemajuan bidang komputer dan  jaringan internet telah membentuk masyarakat dalam jaringan (On Line Community). Dari kemajuan bidang TIK khususnya Internet telah memindahkan aktivitas kewarganegaraan. Partisipasi warga negara untuk menyampaikan aspirasi kepada pemerintah yang dulunya dilakukan secara analog saat ini dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi digital seperti mengirim surat elektronik (E-mail), media sosial, website dan sebagainya.  Hal ini pastinya akan memudahkan warga negara dalam menyampaikan aspirasi kepada pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian grounded Theroy.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari, Pakar PKn, Deputi III Pemanfaatan Teknologi dan Analisis Informasi Unit Kerja Presiden Bidang Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Pembangunan (UKP4), pakar TIK, penggiat TIK, desa digital, dan guru PKn. Kemajuan TIK telah membawa perubahan dalam kehidupan kewarganegaraan khususnya praktik kewarganegaraan. Oleh karena itu, Warga negara harus dipersiapkan agar mampu mengoptimalkan keuntungan dan peluang dari kemajuan TIK, hal ini hanya dapat dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan karakteristik atau komptensi sbegai  warga negara digital. Selanjutnya penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa hipotesa yaitu, pertama, Apabila TIK digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari warga negara (warga negara digital), maka kemajuan TIK akan memindah praktik kewarganegaraan kedalam jaringan (on line), mengantarkan warga Negara ke dalam era keterbukaan informasi. Kedua, Apabila keuntungan dan peluang dari kemajuan ingin dioptimalisasi bagi kehidupan Kewarganegaraan, maka warga negara dan pemerintah harus sama-sama mempersiapkan diri dengan mengembangkan karakteristik yang sesuai dengan era digital. Apabila warga negara digital  dapat menjadi instrumen warga negara global, maka warga negara digital harus mampu menjalin relasi internasional dan berkontribusi dalam masyarakat global. Ketiga, apabila warga negara digital dapat mengola dan mengunakan informasi tentang perkembangan globa, maka warga neagra digital akan memunculkan kesadaran global, Sehingga warga Negara digital memiliki kesempatan yang besar untuk berpartisipasi mengatasi isu global. Kata kunci : kemajuan TIK, praktik kewarganegaraan, warga negara digital, warga negara global.
PENGEMBANGAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS BERBASIS PENGALAMAN HISTORIS MELALUI METODE INVESTIGASI KELOMPOK
Authors: Hidayat Moh Taofik
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini berjudul Pengembangan Kemampuan Menulis Berbasis Pengalaman Historis Melalui Metode Investigasi Kelompok (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Di Kelas VII-H SMP Negeri 1 Kadipaten Kabupaten Majalengka). Pada hakikatnya penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran sejarah di kelas VII-H SMP Negeri 1 Kadipaten, Majalengka agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis meliputi tiga indikator yang kemudian dijabarkan kedalam 18 deskriptor. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (classroom action research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Metode Investigasi kelompok mampu meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa. Hal tersebut diketahui dari hasil karya tulis siswa yang dikumpulkan dalam setiap siklusnya yang selalu mengalami peningkatan secara menggembirakan. Adapun kendala utama dalam pengembangan kemampuan menulis siswa adalah masih minimnya pengetahuan guru mitra dan siswa tentang pengalaman historis serta proses investigasi kelompok.Kata kunci : Keterampilan Menulis, Pengalaman Historis, Investigasi Kelompok.
KOMPARASI ESTIMASI RELIABILITAS PADA MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH DITINJAU DARI HOMOGENITAS DAN HETEROGENITAS KELOMPOK
Authors: Chairunisa Eva Dina
Published: March 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memverifikasi adanya pengaruh homogenitas  dan heterogenitas yang terdapat dalam kelompok terhadap nilai koefisien reliabilitas yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hubungan kausal. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 400 siswa SMA di Kota Palembang yang terdiri dari 200 responden  kelompok homogen dan 200 responden dari kelompok heterogen. Pengujian perbedaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji-U Mann Withney. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 133 skor responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan pengembalian untuk dihitung koefisien reliabilitasnya, pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 30 kali, sehingga diperoleh masing-masing 30 buah koefisien reliabilitas untuk kelompok homogen dan kelompok heterogen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada koefisien reliabilitas yang dihasilkan kelompok homogen dan kelompok heterogen. Kelompok heterogen menghasilkan koefisien reliabilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok homogen yang menghasilkan koefisien reliabilitas lebih rendah. Temuan ini mendukung teori bahwa homogenitas dan heterogenitas mempengaruhi besaran nilai koefisien reliabilitas.Kata kunci: Koefisien Reliabilitas, Homogenitas Kelompok, Heterogenitas Kelompok.
PENERAPAN MODEL VCT (VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA CERITA DAERAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Fitriani Vety , Sundawa Dadang
Published: March 2018

Research is moving on from the issue of th e behavior of learners wich displays the attitude that is not commendable, be less attention and enthusiastic in the learning process so that those conditions concern the researcher to know in depth about the importance of the creation of the character of learners. The approach used is the qualitative approach witj action research methods class. Based on the findings of there search result in the field through instruments of direct observation or interviews that the character formation learners positively impact the learning effectiveness againt PKn teachers can identify the behavior of learners, learns can analyse and disclose his opinion regarding media story area, learners understand the material presented by the teacher in the classroom. The VCT model affect the appearance of religiosity attitudes, honesty, intelligence, toughness, concern, democracy.Keywords: Model VCT, media local story, character.
PENERAPAN TEKNIK CHAIN MESSAGE COOPERATIVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Nuridaliya Ida
Published: March 2018

Langkah penting yang harus dilakukan oleh seorang guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran adalah memilih, menyederhanakan, menyesuaikan, menetapkan dan menyusun bahan pelajaran menjadi materi yang mudah dimengerti, dicerna dan diterima oleh peserta didik sehingga dapat mencapai perubahan perilaku yang diinginkan. Oleh karena itu guru sebagai pelaksana pembelajaran hendaknya dapat mengambil isi materi yang penting agar dapat melatih peserta didik dalam mengidentifikasi peristiwa-peristiwa atau fakta-fakta yang ada disekitarnya yang akhirnya peserta didik dilatih mengambil kesimpulan dalam rangka membentuk konsep. Dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini peneliti sebagai guru bidang studi IPS berusaha meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model cooperative teknik ’chain message’ yang dapat membangkitkan aktivitas belajar dan membantu mengatasi kesulitan peserta didik dalam memahami kompetensi usaha manusia memenuhi kebutuhan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajara (RPP),  Alat Pembagi Kelompok, Leaflet, LKS, Lembar Observasi, Format Butir Soal, Penetapan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum, dan Angket. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang, dengan subjek peserta didik kelas VII D. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini selama 4 bulan dimulai September sampai dengan Desember 2012 pada semester gasal tahun pembelajaran 2012-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan terutama pada siklus 2 mencapai 86 %. Hasil penilaian evaluasi dalam pemahaman konsep mengalami peningkatan hingga mencapai 82 %  pada siklus 2. Penerapan teknik  Chain Message Cooperative dalam pembelajaran khususnya pada Kompetensi Memahami Usaha Manusia Memenuhi Kebutuhan   sangat membantu guru maupun peserta didik meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. Kata kunci: chain message,aktivitas,hasil belajar.
PENERAPAN VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (VCT) MODEL ROLE PLAYING DALAM MATA PELAJARAN IPS UNTUK MENEKAN PERILAKU BULLYING SISWA DI SMP NEGERI 4 BANDUNG
Authors: Wiradimadja Agung Wiradimadja
Published: March 2018

This research was motivated by the concern over student’s delinquency phenomenon, especially bullying that have been widespread in education. Like a vicious circle, if bullying was not stopped it’s more likely being passed from one generation to others among the victims. Special handling needed in order to break the bullying chain. Based on preliminary observations in SMP Negeri 4 Bandung, some bullying behaviors were visibly done by the students of class VIII - E. Based on the data collected, bullying behavior by students of class VIII - E were quite high, therefore a learning strategy should be formulated in social studies to reduce bullying. The approach used in this study was class activity observation by adopted VCT model of role playing in social science learning implementation. The instrument used was a student’s bullying behavior observational sheet and student’s social science learning activities field note. Data collection techniques being used were observation, documentation studies and interview, while for the data processing and analysis qualitative and quantitative technique were used. Based on the final research being done, first the implementation started by determined the competency standards and basic competencies in order to arrange the lesson plan being used, second VCT role-playing model was implemented in the social science learning process in the classroom, third the result of the research during the class activities shown that bullying behavior of the students in 1st cycle up to the 3rd cycle were decreased, forth the obstacles from each cycle was reflected, fifth some efforts given to overcome the obstacles appeared from each cycle. Conclusion from the research was, the maximum result achieved in decreasing bullying behavior was in the 3rd cycle.Keyword: Bullying, Value Clarification Technique (VCT).
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN BABAKAN TAROGONG 5 BANDUNG PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH
Authors: Rosilah Eros Rosilah
Published: March 2018

Learning Social Studies (IPS) is a compulsory subject taught. Learning IPS has a very wide range of material. Reality on the ground results of test scores of fourth grade students of SDN Babakan Tarogong 5 in social studies subject of natural resources, economic activity and technological advances in the district / city and province is still very low. This is due to social studies learning not meet minimum completeness, because the strategy used so far have not matched the learning process. The purpose of this study to determine the activities of students in participating in learning by using learning strategies of problem solving. The results of this research has reached the average value of the class.Keyword : Natural resources, economic activities, technological progress.
IMPLEMENTATIONS OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION AS A SCHOOL CULTURE AT KRIDA NUSANTARA INTEGRATED SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Sunani Sunani
Published: March 2018

The primary purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of multicultural education at Krida Nusantara integrated high school. The study focuses on four main points; the school policy, the implementation and the dominant factors that influence the policy, and the implementation results. A descriptive qualitative approach is taken in the study and the data is collected through interviews and case studies. The study concludes that the school's multicultural education policy is applied based on the school founding fathers’ philosophy, which emphasizes on merging nationalist and religious values. Those values are then implemented in form of academic and non-academic programs. Apart from that, students' plurality values that are embedded in their school life serve as the most influential factor in implementing the multicultural education policy.
METACOGNITION LEARNING INFLUENCES THROUGH AN INQUIRY METHOD ON UNDERSTANDING IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION CONCEPTS AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF STUDENTS (A STUDY OF QUASI EXPERIMENT IN CLASS VII AT SMP NEGERI 2 MENES - PANDEGLANG)
Authors: Adiarto Ato
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of meta-cogenesis learning through an inquiry method in order to increase the understanding of Social Science Education concepts and critical thinking skills of students. This study employed a quantitative approach with quasi experiment method and Pretest Control Group design. The population of this study was the students in class VII at SMPN 2 Menes. With respect to the sample of this study, the class VII B was used as the experimental class by applying metacognition learning through an inquiry method and the Class VII A as the control class that applied a problem-based learning method. The research instrument was a multiple choice form test used to understand the Social Science Education concepts and essay form tests used to measure critical thinking skills, observation sheets and interviews. The data of those aforementioned test results was analyzed quantitatively to measure the means difference between the two sample classes. The results of this study showed (1) there was a difference between the pretest and posttest results on the understanding of Social Science Education concepts and critical thinking skills in the experiment and control classes, (2) there was no significant difference of influences between experiment and control classes in improving the understanding of Social Science Education concepts and critical thinking skills.
UTILIZATION OF THE DIENG TEMPLE SITE AS HISTORICAL RESOURCES TO INCREASE HISTORICAL COMPREHENSION STUDENTS (CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL 1 WONOSOBO)
Authors: Kartikasari Diah Ayu
Published: March 2018

Dieng Temple site in the highlands of Central Java has not been used as a source of learning history. The site can be used to bring learners closer to their environment. This study aims to improve the historical comprehension of learners through the use of Dieng Temple site as a source of historical learning. This research is a Classroom Action Research in Public High School 1 Wonosobo. Data were collected by observation, inter-view and documentation. The results showed that the learning process of history through Dieng Temple site can provide the ability to learners to interpret the literal meaning of Dieng Temple by using their own language. This makes students able to understand the history of existing sites in the Dieng area. Understanding the history has been raising awareness of learners to take part in maintaining the sustainability of Dieng temple site.
Kahramanmaraş İl Merkezinde Meydana Gelen Bebek Ölümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Taş Filiz , Oktay Ayşe Aslı , Gülpak Merve
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Retrospektif ve tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan bu
çalışmada bebek ölümlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veri toplama aracı olarak sağlık ocaklarında
tutulan ve Kahramanmaraş İl
Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bildirilen 2010 yılına ait "Perinatal ve Bebek
Ölümleri Bilgi Formları” kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular:
Ülkemizde Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırmaları verilerine göre Türkiye
genelinde bebek ölüm hızı 2010 yılında %012.1 iken, Kahramanmaraş’ta 2010 yılında il merkezinde bebek ölüm hızı
%018.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bilgi formları değerlendirmesi sonunda ölen bebeklerin annelerinin % 9.4' ü
18 yaş ve altında, %14.1'i 35 yaş ve üzeridir. Annelerin % 8.0’ı sigara, % 0.7’
si alkol kullanmaktadır.  Gebelikleri
süresince annelerin  % 42.6’sının beşten
az izlem aldıkları, % 56.3’ünün birinci derecede akraba olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ölen bebeklerin %52.2’sinin erkek, %55.4’ünün düşük doğum ağırlıklı olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Ölüm nedenleri %20.5'nin konjenital anomali, %12.2’sinin respiratuar distress sendromu,  % 7.5’nin sepsis,  %5.9'nun prematürite olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. 

Sonuç: Bebek ölümlerinin önlenmesi için
koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerine önem verilmesi, erken ve ileri yaş gebeliklerin
önlenmesi, akraba evliliklerinin azaltılması, gebelik sayısının anne-bebek
sağlığı için uygun sayılarda tutulması, gebelikte izlemlerin sayı ve
niteliğinin geliştirilmesi, kronik hastalığı olan kadınlarda gebelik planlama ve izlemine
özen gösterilmesi önerilmektedir.
CO2 EMİSYONU- ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: G7 ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Sancar Canan , Atay Polat Melike
Published: March 2018

Günümüzde çevre
kirliliğinin artan boyutlara ulaşması ve küresel ısınmanın olumsuz etkilerinin
hafifletilmesi yönündeki çabalar CO2 salınımına neden olan enerji
kaynaklarının kullanımı sorununu gündeme getirmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme ve daha
ileriki bir aşama olan ekonomik kalkınma enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını
hızlandırır. Bu süreç enerji rezervlerinin tükenmesi yanında CO2
emisyonu düzeyinde de artışa neden olur. Bu nedenle de CO2
emisyonunun azalması, enerji tasarrufu sağlanması ve ekonomik performansın
ayarlanması açısından bu üç değişkenin optimal düzeyinin birlikte formüle
edilmesi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, G7 ülkelerinde CO2
emisyonu, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki olup olmadığını
araştırılmıştır. Bu
amaçla, G7 ülkelerinin 1980-2011 dönemi verileri kullanılarak panel birim kök,
panel eş bütünleşme ve panel nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Birim kök
testi sonuçlarına göre düzeyde
durağan olmayan değişkenler uzun
dönemde eş bütünleşiktir. Çalışmanın panel nedensellik testi sonuçları, G7
ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu ile GSYH ve enerji tüketimi ile GSYH
arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın
sonuçları politika yapıcılar için G7 ülkelerinde enerji verimliliğindeki
artışın teknolojik açıdan önceliklendirilmesini ve çevre dostu politikalarda
ortak hareket planları uygulamalarını öncelikli kılmaktadır.
Análisis del liderazgo femenino en dos institutos de secundaria de Castilla y León desde la perspectiva del alumnado
Authors: Díaz de Greñu Domingo Sofía , Anguita Martínez Rocío
Published: March 2018

La participación de las mujeres en los puestos directivos a nivel general continúa siendo minoritaria. La representación femenina apenas supera el 30% en los altos cargos de la Administración educativa y tampoco sobrepasa la predominancia masculina en la dirección de centros escolares. Se presenta una investigación llevada a cabo en dos institutos de secundaria de entorno rural y urbano de Castilla y León donde el acceso de las mujeres a la gestión se produce paulatinamente coincidiendo con la pérdida de prestigio y remuneración de los mismos. Con el fin de descubrir conocimientos y actitudes del alumnado ante el liderazgo femenino y sus particularidades se utiliza una metodología mixta, manejando como instrumentos de investigación la observación participante y una encuesta a 600 adolescentes. En los resultados detectamos que los estereotipos siguen presentes en el ideario estudiantil. Se descubre un estilo organizativo diferente por parte de las mujeres que pasa desapercibido para buena parte del alumnado. La conciencia de las dificultades en función del sexo es limitada, pero aumenta con la edad y en el sector femenino. Las chicas perciben de forma más clara los problemas añadidos de las mujeres para acceder a un cargo, mantenerlo y compaginarlo con la vida familiar.
Querer y poder: (des)igualdad en la universidad pública española
Authors: Martin Bardera Sara
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se analizan, en primer lugar, los desequilibrios de género en la universidad pública española como un reflejo de la desigualdad social. En este sentido, se presentan datos sobre la comunidad universitaria para, a partir de ahí y en el marco de los cambios legislativos habidos en España desde la década del 2000, revisar en segundo lugar una serie de acciones vinculadas a la implementación de las políticas de igualdad de género. La existencia de unidades y planes de igualdad, o la formación de los equipos de gobierno atendiendo al principio de presencia equilibrada, son medidas que no tienen un coste elevado cuando, además, hay capital intelectual. Se concluye que el resultado de este análisis apuntará a la existencia o no de voluntad institucional para materializar el compromiso con la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres y se hacen algunas propuestas para mejorar la situación.
ESCOLANO BENITO, A. (2017). La escuela como cultura. Experiencia, memoria y arqueología. Campinas: Editora Alínea, 328 páginas, ISBN 978-85-7516-792-2.
Authors: Alonso Ruiz Rosa Ana
Published: March 2018

ESCOLANO BENITO, A. (2017). La escuela como cultura. Experiencia, memoria y arqueología. Campinas: Editora Alínea, 328 páginas, ISBN 978-85-7516-792-2.
Study the body mass index (BMI) of HIV patients at tertiary centre, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Malviya Dinesh Kumar
Published: March 2018

Background: Individuals at all stages of HIV disease are at risk of nutritional deficiency, and nutritional status is a strong predictor of disease progression, survival, and functional status during the course of the disease.Methods: It was an observational study including 269 HIV positive patients who were willing to be a part of the study. HIV individuals not willing to undergo above study were excluded from the study. The aim of our study was to assess the of body mass index in HIV patients at tertiary centre, Madhya Pradesh. Nutritional status was evaluated by using internationally accepted BMI guidelines given by World Health Organisation.Results: In this study, mean age of male HIV patients was 37.21±10.59 and mean age of female HIV patients was 34.27±8.46. Out of the 269 HIV patients, majority of 138 (51.30%) HIV patients have BMI 18.50-24.99 and 122 (45.35%) HIV patients having BMI less than 18.50. Prevalence of undernutrition in male HIV patients was 50 (36.76%) out of 136 male HIV patients and female HIV patients was 72 (54.14%) out of 133 female HIV patients. Out of 261 HIV patients, 225 (86.2%) patients have CD4 count more than 200. Patients having CD4 count less than 200, majority of patients had undernutrition that is 20 (55.56%) out of 36 HIV patients.Conclusions: The regular measurement of Body Mass Index (BMI) in centre with limited resource may therefore be useful to clinicians in monitoring patient’s response to antiretroviral therapy and predicting the stage of the disease.
Is aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibited by sulfur compounds? In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Iciek Malgorzata , Górny Magdalena , Bilska-Wilkosz Anna , Kowalczyk-Pachel Danuta
Published: March 2018

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) catalyzes the critical step of ethanol metabolism, i.e.  transformation of toxic acetaldehyde to acetic acid. It is a redox sensitive protein with the key Cys in its active site. Recently, it has been documented that activity of some proteins can be modified by sulfur-containing molecules called reactive sulfur species leading to the formation of hydropersulfides. The aim of the present study was to examine whether ALDH activity can be modified through this way.Studies were performed in vitro using yeast ALDH and various reactive sulfur species, including Na2S, GSSH, K2Sx, Na2S2O3, and garlic-derived allyl sulfides. The effect of garlic-derived trisulfide on ALDH activity was  also studied  in vivo in the rat liver.The obtained results clearly demonstrated that ALDH could be regulated by sulfur species which inhibited its enzymatic activity. The results also suggested that not H2S but polysulfides or hydropersulfides were the oxidizing species responsible for this modification. This process was easily reversible by reducing agents. After the treatment with polysulfides or hydropersulfides the level of protein-bound sulfur increased, while the activity of the enzyme dramatically decreased. Moreover, the study demonstrated that ALDH activity was inhibited in vivo in the rat liver after garlic-derived trisulfide administration. This is the first study reporting the regulation of  ALDH activity by sulfane sulfur species and the results suggest that it led to the inhibition of the enzyme.
Estanislao Zuleta: educación con filosofía
Authors: Pulido Cortés Óscar
Published: March 2018

Este artículobusca presentar los rasgos fundamentales del pensamiento educativo delpensador colombiano Estanislao Zuleta, a través de su obra creadora.Seprocede a partir de un rastreo conceptual y discursivo de los textos publicados por el autor y de sus vivencias educativas, contadas principalmente en algunas entrevistas y testimonios. Eltexto está estructurado endos partes: la primerapresenta situaciones, escenas ydatos relativos al autor en su contexto formativo, pues estas condiciones determinansusapuestas sobre la educaciónenformas teóricas yprácticas, la segunda parte, presenta los principales aspectos del pensamiento educativo de Zuleta: el autodidactismo o la opción autónoma por elsaber, el enseñar apensar, la educación con filosofía yla educación para la democracia.
Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba Bevan , Ahmad Arshad , Johari Anwar , Abdullah Tuan Amran Tuan , Oladokun Olagoke
Published: March 2018

Malaysia generates significant quantities of lignocellulosic wastes through the production of crude palm oil (CPO). Over the years, the accumulation of the oil palm wastes (OPW) have become an environmental burden. These problems can be addressed by pretreatment and valorisation of OPW in bioenergy as envisioned in the National Biomass Strategy (NBS-2020). However, current strategies for the OPW valorisation are inefficient and unsustainable resulting in increased environmental challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes the pelletization and torrefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Furthermore, the thermal degradation behaviour and potential product yields from OPEFB pellet torrefaction will be examined. The results revealed that the mass yield (MY) decreased from 67.89% to 33.11%, whereas energy yield (EY) decreased from 88.29% to 49.18% as the torrefaction temperature increased from 250 °C to 350 °C. However, the energy density (DE) increased from 1.30 to 1.49 due to the increase in higher heating value (HHV) from 22.85 MJ/kg to 26.10 MJ/kg. Likewise, the severity factor (SF) increased from 5.89 to 8.84 with increasing torrefaction temperature. The results also revealed that effect of temperature on the torrefaction parameters; MY, EY, DE, and HHV are slightly reduced after 300 °C. Overall, the findings demonstrate that torrefaction improved the fuel properties and energy recovery potential of the OPEFB pellets.
Alcohol-containing Mouthwashes and Oral Cancer: A Mechanistic Explanation
Authors: Calderón-Montaño José Manuel , Jiménez-Alonso Julio José , Guillén-Mancina Emilio , Burgos-Morón Estefanía , Lopez-Lazaro Miguel
Published: March 2018

Objective: To provide mechanistic evidence for the epidemiological link between long-term use of alcohol containing mouthwashes and oral cancer.Methods: Human epithelial keratinocytes were exposed for 30 seconds to concentrations of ethanol commonly present in mouthwashes. After a recovery period, cell viability was assessed with the MTT assay.Results: A marked cytotoxic effect was observed for ethanol concentrations of 20% and above. Conclusions: The cytotoxicity of ethanol can explain the epidemiological association between mouthwash use and oral cancer. Recent findings indicate that the risk of developing cancer in a tissue is strongly determined by the number of stem cell divisions accumulated by the tissue during a person's lifetime; cell division is a major source of mutations and other cancer-promoting errors. Since cell death activates the division of stem cells, the cytotoxicity of ethanol on the cells lining the oral mucosa will promote the division of the stem cells located in deeper layers to produce new cells to regenerate the damaged epithelium. If we regularly use mouthwashes containing cytotoxic concentrations of ethanol, we will force the stem cells of the oral cavity to divide more often than usual and our risk of developing oral cancer will probably increase.Clinical significance: Many mouthwashes contain percentages of ethanol above 20%. Because ethanol is not crucial to prevent and reduce gingivitis and plaque, members of the dental team should consider the potential risk of oral cancer associated with frequent use of alcohol containing mouthwashes when advising their patients.
Pengaruh Modal, Lama Usaha dan Lokasi Terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Pasca Relokasi
Authors: Setiaji Khasan , Fatuniah Ana Listia
Published: March 2018

This study aims to find out the effect of capital, length of trading, and location toward the traders income Johar market in Semarang City both simultenously and partially. The sample is 92 traders. The result of the study showed that the significant value of  0,000 < 0,05 and the value of Fcount (74,922) is higher than Ftable(2,71) and Adjust R Square of 0,709 (70,9%). Capital gives positive effect on traders income in Johar market Semarang obtains the significant value of  0,000 < 0,05 and the value of tcount(5,853) higher than ttable (1,987) and r-squareof 27,9%. The length of trading gives positive effect on traders income in Johar market Semarang obtains the significant value of 0,000< 0,05 and the value of tcount(3,635) higher than ttable(1,987) and r-squareof 13,0%. Location gives positive effect on the traders income in Johar market Semarang obtains the significant value of 0,000 < 0,05 and the value of tcount(4,658) higher than ttable (1,987) and r-square of 19,8%. The conclusion is that there is a positive effect of capital, length, and location of trading toward the traders income Johar market in Semarang City.
Worst-Case Investment Strategy with Delay
Authors: A Chunxiang , Shao Yi
Published: March 2018

This paper considers a worst-case investment optimization problem with delay for a fund manager who is in a crash-threatened financial market. Driven by existing of capital inflow/outflow related to history performance, we investigate the optimal investment strategies under the worst-case scenario and the stochastic control framework with delay. The financial market is assumed to be either in a normal state (crash-free) or in a crash state. In the normal state the prices of risky assets behave as geometric Brownian motion, and in the crash state the prices of risky assets suddenly drop by a certain relative amount, which induces to a dropping of the total wealth relative to that of crash-free state. We obtain the ordinary differential equations satisfied by the optimal investment strategies and the optimal value functions under the power and exponential utilities, respectively. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the sensitivity of the optimal strategies with respective to the model parameters.
Improved Monitoring System for Heavy-Oil Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: March 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 187441, “Improved Monitoring System for Heavy-Oil Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Wells,” by Christopher Baldwin, Weatherford, prepared for the 2017 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 8–11 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The complete paper provides an overview of the development of fiber-optic sensing for steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) applications, including a review of more than 10 years of work in development and field applications in western Canada. Information provided in this paper is applicable beyond SAGD applications. The fiber-optic monitoring systems might also be used for intelligent, subsea, and unconventional wells.

Introduction

One area that has benefited from the unique advantages of fiber-optic sensing is thermal monitoring of SAGD wells. One particular fiber-optic technology that has proved successful in these thermal-monitoring applications is wavelength-domain multiplexing of Bragg-grating-based fiber-optic sensors. Commonly referred to as array temperature sensing (ATS), the Bragg-grating arrays can be manufactured splice-free for long-term reliability. The number of thermal sensing points can range from a few to well over 100 for a single cable. Each Bragg-grating sensing point provides a real-time, accurate measurement of temperature at that location along the wellbore. ATS systems have been used successfully to monitor the steam-injection and production processes in SAGD wells. ATS systems are capable of performing more-accurate temperature measurements and are able to resolve much smaller temperature features compared with distributed temperature sensing (DTS).

Bragg-grating optical sensors not only provide temperature measurements but also can be packaged in a transducer to provide pressure and temperature (PT) also can be packaged in a transducer to provide pressure and temperature (PT) readings. The optical PT gauge is compatible with the surface instrumentation that records the ATS responses, allowing for the PT gauge to be integrated at the end of the ATS optical fiber for single-wellhead penetration, providing multiplexed DTS and PT measurements.

Environmental Effects on Downhole Fiber-Optic Sensors

The requirements for a successful monitoring system in SAGD applications are dictated by the harsh environments experienced downhole. In the past, the presence of hydrogen in these applications has caused issues with various fiber-optic sensing technologies. Improvements in optical-fiber design and downhole cable construction have helped to mitigate some of these issues, but any downhole monitoring system must be able to cope with the presence of hydrogen in relatively high-temperature environments.
Technology Focus: Heavy Oil (March 2018)
Authors: Babadagli Tayfun
Published: March 2018

Technology Focus

Despite the recent downturn, a significant number of pilot- or demonstration-scale applications of existing technologies to develop new heavy-oil fields or new technologies to develop existing fields have been reported over the past year. I have selected two of them (SPE  184974 and SPE 184154) in this issue.  While they might be projects that started a few years ago when oil prices were at a peak level, they are interesting and still relevant because the projects have continued and valuable results and observations have been shared.

Reported cases of cost-effective applications such as well stimulation using chemicals and solvents have also been prominent over the past few years. Well-based applications such as stimulation or production optimization (SPE  184094) are quite useful to improve the productivity in smaller fields. On the other hand, efforts on cost reduction in large-scale thermal projects were obvious. Yet, in laboratory-scale experimental investigations, observations on the use of nanoparticles (SPE 184117) and new- generation chemicals to improve the efficiency of large-scale thermal and non-thermal (mainly chemical flooding) applications are very promising. I also would like to mention high-tech imaging applications to map the heat distribution in field-scale applications (SPE 184971). 

The areas listed seem to be the trend of new research studies and field applications along with optimization attempts on the basis of data-driven modeling. The focus will also be on new technology attempts toward the reduction of the cost of heavy-oil production, including lower-cost (solar panels) and in-situ steam generation (SPE 184118), minimizing steam needs by use of chemical additives and solvents (solvent-aided thermal—steam or electromagnetic—processes), and nonthermal applications (well stimulation by chemicals and solvents). 

I hope to read more papers in the coming years on the philosophical approaches to describing the problems and limitations of existing solutions because complex heavy-oil applications still need more effort on model development and experimental data generation.  I included SPE 185633 in this issue as a good example of this kind of attempt.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 184118 In-Situ Steam Generation: A New Technology Application for Heavy-Oil Production by Ayman R. Al-Nakhli, Saudi Aramco, et al.

SPE 184117 Experimental Study for Enhancing Heavy-Oil Recovery by Nanofluid Followed by Steam Flooding NFSF by Osamah Alomair, Kuwait University, et al.

SPE 184094 Fluidic-Diode Autonomous Inflow-Control Device for Heavy-Oil Application by Georgina Corona, Halliburton, et al.

SPE 184971 Satellite Monitoring of Cyclic Steam Stimulation Without Corner Reflectors by Michael D. Henschel, MDA, et al.
Pea and Barley Forage as Fallow Replacement for Dryland Wheat Production
Authors: Miller Perry , Glunk Emily , Holmes Jeff , Engel Richard
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

Forage yields from pea, especially winter pea, were competitive with hay barley yields.

Crude protein yield from pea forage was 40 to 110% greater than barley.

Crop harvest at the bloom stage used the least soil water and nitrogen.

Wheat yield following pea averaged 82 to 88% of that on chemical fallow.

There is a growing interest in the use of annual forages in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare forage yield and quality of spring and winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and a pea–barley mixture harvested at flowering (early), pod (late), or grown to maturity; and (ii) compare the cropping‐sequence effects of these cropping treatments for three N fertilizer rates, subsequent wheat yield, and grain quality relative to chemical fallow. This study was conducted at Amsterdam, MT, from 2003 to 2006. Pea forage yield at the pod stage was 1.2 Mg ha−1 (30%) and 3.7 Mg ha−1 (60%) greater than at the flower stage for spring and winter pea, respectively. At the same harvest times, spring barley forage averaged 1.8 Mg ha−1 (32%) greater either as a sole species or when mixed with spring pea. Forage quality of pea forage was high regardless of harvest timing. Protein yield for spring and winter pea forage averaged 0.28 (60%) and 0.38 Mg ha−1 (81%) greater than the barley forage treatments across harvest times and years. Significant differences in stored soil water (19 mm) and soil nitrate N (10 kg N ha−1) were found between flowering and pod forage harvest timing in pea, but these differences only nominally affected subsequent wheat yield or quality. Wheat following pea averaged approximately 85% of the yield on chemical fallow. Among the cropping treatments, the greatest wheat yield and protein occurred following winter pea harvested at the flower stage.
Contribution of Secondary Traits for High Grain Yield and Stability of Tropical Maize Germplasm across Drought Stress and Non‐Stress Conditions
Authors: Musvosvi Cousin , Setimela Peter S. , Wali Mruthunjaya C. , Gasura Edmore , Channappagoudar Basavangouda B. , Patil Shreekant S.
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

In a drought and non‐stress breeding program, secondary traits are important in contributing to the identification of high yielding and stability maize genotypes.

Designing selection strategies that enhance grain yield gains and stability.

The traits tassel size, ear aspect, ear diameter, and kernel weight per ear were found to have high broad sense heritability and can effectively aid simultaneous for selection for high grain yield and stability.

Information is needed on the contribution of secondary traits to grain yield and stability in maize (Zea mays L.). This study aimed at identifying stable and high yielding hybrids as well as traits contributing to high yield and stability in tropical maize. Twenty‐two test hybrids and six check hybrids were evaluated under five environments in Karnataka, India, using a 4 × 7 α‐lattice design with two replications. Genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction biplot model was used to ascertain genotype stability and yield across environments. Genotype × trait biplot, t test, and step‐wise regression analyses were used to determine trait expression differences between high yielding and stable, and low yielding and unstable hybrids. Genotypic correlations and heritability were used to estimate correlated response to selection for grain yield via each secondary trait. Mean grain yield under drought was 20% of that across environments, thus selection in both drought and non‐drought stress environments is required. Hybrids GH‐12444 and GH‐12408 were high yielding and stable across environments, and should be tested widely. Some traits, such as tassel size, had correlated response to selection values of near unity making them unsuitable for indirect selection. However, such traits could be used to supplement selection for grain yield given their high heritability and that they are relatively easy to measure. Different traits were associated with grain yield under different conditions thus suggesting that both drought and non‐drought stress conditions must be used as selection environments using secondary traits specific to a given environment.
Caracterización de Formatos de Almacenamiento, Transporte y Visualización de Datos Geográficos
Authors: Soto-Durán Darío Enrique , Marín-Morales María Isabel , Vargas-Agudelo Fabio Alberto
Published: March 2018

La información geográfica se caracteriza por tener una componente espacial y en muchas ocasiones adicionalmente una componente temporal. En la última década el uso de esta información se incrementó debido a la expansión de las tecnologías que la captura. En especial, las ciencias de la tierra, el océano y la atmósfera requieren del análisis de la información que varía en el espacio y en el tiempo para tomar decisiones. Los datos espacio-temporales son gestionados por Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) que definen formatos para el almacenamiento, transporte y visualización de estos. El Open Geospacial Consortium es una de las principales organizaciones que definen estándares para estos formatos, sin embargo, existen otros también ampliamente usados. Conocer los diferentes formatos existentes, los elementos que los componen y los ambientes y situaciones para los que fueron creados es de gran importancia a la hora de decidirse por uno u otro en pro de la eficiencia y optimización de su uso en los SIG. Por lo anterior, este artículo hace una caracterización de los formatos más relevantes para el almacenamiento, transporte y visualización de los datos geográficos: vector, raster y series de datos, mediante esquemas preconceptuales que posibilitan identificar las relaciones estructurales y dinámicas de cualquier dominio del conocimiento.
LEGO Mindstorms NXT: Juego como Herramienta de Aprendizaje de Programación
Authors: Arango Rafael Esteban , Jiménez-Builes Jovani Alberto
Published: March 2018

LEGO MINDSTORMS es un juego utilizado como herramienta para el aprendizaje de distintas áreas de conocimiento. Una persona puede aprender acerca de programación mediante distinto lenguajes y aplicaciones que permiten compilar el código de la solución planteada al resolver una situación particular. Sin embargo, la enseñanza de programación es solo un fundamento teórico y poco práctico. Por lo cual se pretende enseñar a programar mediante un lenguaje sencillo y una plataforma que permita visualizar el código gráficamente y validarlo viendo específicamente las instrucciones programadas sobre un robot.
Metaheurísticas Multiobjetivo Cardumen de Peces Artificiales (FAFS) y Optimización Evolucionaria por Enjambre de Partículas con Topología Estocástica Global Individual (FEPSO GIST). Parte I: Antecedentes y Desarrollos Teóricos
Authors: Schweickardt Gustavo Alejandro
Published: March 2018

El presente trabajo describe un modelo para la Optimización del Grado de Desbalance de Cargas en una Red Trifásica de Distribución de Energía Eléctrica (SDEE) en Baja Tensión (BT). Se presenta la integración de dos novedosas MetaHeurísticas: la FEPSO GIST (Fuzzy-MultiObjective Particles Swarm Optimization with Global/Individual Stochastic Topology) desarrollada por el autor, y la FAFS (Fuzzy-MultiObjective Artificial Fish Shool), cuya extensión MultiObjetivo es propuesta por el autor, valuando la función de aptitud mediante Conjuntos Difusos. El problema propuesto, ya ha sido resuelto en un trabajo presentado por el autor, mediante la MetaHeurística FPSO, y su solución constituye una referencia para comparar resultados. Entre los inconvenientes producidos por un elevado grado de desbalance en las fases del sistema, se consideran la minimización de las pérdidas técnicas y la mejora del perfil de tensiones. Ambos aspectos, relativos al uso racional de la energía propiciado desde el lado de la oferta, son observados por la Autoridad Regulatoria. Se presenta, adicionalmente, un Modelo MatHeurístico que combina el enfoque clásico del problema, empleando Programación Lineal Entera-Mixta con las dos MetaHeurísticas introducidas, FEPSO GIST y FAFS. Se comparan resultados al aplicar los Modelos sobre mismo SDEE BT considerado en el enfoque resuelto vía FPSO. En esta Parte I, se abordan los antecedentes y desarrollos teóricos requeridos en la aplicación
Línea Editorial en Lámpsakos
Authors: Vargas Luis Fernando
Published: March 2018

Editoriales generales revista # 1
Editorial: Publicar o No Publicar: He Ahí el Dilema…
Authors: Hernández-Cerón Jorge Alberto
Published: March 2018

Editorial Edición N° 8: Publicar, o no Publicar.. He ahí el dilema
Los Retos de la Sociedad del Conocimiento
Authors: Figuereido Ana Cristina
Published: March 2018

El simple hecho de hablar y difundir el concepto de “Sociedad del Conocimiento” no quiere decir que se comprenda el trasfondo deeste cambio. En este artículo se presenta una visión diferente de la tradicional acerca de los retos que todavía no se discuten ni trabajan deesta nueva sociedad.
Hypatia de Alejandría
Authors: Serna-Montoya Edgar
Published: March 2018

Hypatia se considera la primera mujer en hacer significativos aportes al desarrollo de las matemáticas y la primera mujer científica en la historia. Aunque también hizo aportes en filosofía y astronomía, se le reconoce más por su trabajo en matemáticas. En una época en la que las mujeres no tenían acceso a la educación y mucho menos a las ciencias, su inteligencia, facilidad de expresión y belleza hicieron que los líderes de la iglesia cristiana la consideraran bruja, por lo que fue asesinada como enemiga de las creencias religiosas reinantes.
Modelado Conceptual de la Supervisión de un Sistema Holónico de Producción Continua
Authors: Parra-Ortega Carlos
Published: March 2018

La arquitectura de automatización PROSA es una descripción orientada hacia objetos que implementan sistemas de producción. Un enfoque basadoen sistemas para eventos discretos, detección de eventos y la teoría de control supervisorio, representa el comportamiento de una unidad de producción controlada. Para obtener la descripción orientada a objetosde esta unidad, se aplicó modelado conceptual y se utilizó el Lenguaje unificado de modelado.