bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Will Save Legal Access to Emergency Abortion?
Authors: Cohen I. Glenn , Adashi Eli Y. , Lynch Holly Fernandez
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint discusses whether the federal EMTALA act requires that hospitals provide abortions when needed to protect the health of the pregnant person, even if prohibited by state law.
Enterobacter
Authors: Coutinho Teresa A , de Maayer Pieter , Jordan Sara , Smits Theo HM
Published: July 2024

En.te.ro.bac'ter. Gr. neut. n.
enteron
, intestine; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Enterobacter
, intestinal small rod.

Pseudomonadota / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Enterobacter

Cells of the genus
Enterobacter
are Gram‐stain‐negative, straight rods (0.3–2.0 μm × 1.8–5.0 μm), and the majority are motile with peritrichous flagella. The optimal growth temperature is 30°C, with clinical strains growing at 37°C. They are facultatively anaerobic, ferment glucose with the production of acid and gas, and reduce nitrate to nitrite. The majority of strains are positive for Voges–Proskauer, arginine dihydrolase, and ornithine decarboxylase and negative for indole, lysine decarboxylase, and H
2
S production. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
17:0
cyclo, and summed feature 2 (iso‐C
16:1
and/or C
14:0
3‐OH). The fatty acids C
13:0
and summed feature 1 (C
15:1
iso H and/or C
13:0
3‐OH) are generally present in low amounts (minimum 1.4 and 1.6% of the total amount, respectively). Genome‐based phylogenetic analyses separate the majority of species of this genus; the exception is
Enterobacter siamensis
for which no genome sequence is available. They are widely distributed in nature, occurring in clinical, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52–58.5 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Enterobacter cloacae
AL
.
Klebsiella
Authors: Rahi Praveen , Rodrigues Carla , Brisse Sylvain
Published: July 2024

Klebs.i.el' la. N.L. fem. dim. n.Klebsiella, named after Edwin Klebs (1834–1913), a German bacteriologist.

Pseudomonadota / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Klebsiella

Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative straight rods (0.3–1.0 × 0.6–6.0 μm), mostly nonmotile (exceptK. aerogenes), and are capsulated. Grow on a variety of growth media including meat extract media (exceptK. granulomatis, which has not been cultured). Colonies are smooth, circular, more or less dome shaped, and glistening of varying degrees of stickiness, depending on the strain and the composition of the medium.Klebsiellaare cytochrome oxidase‐negative, mesophilic, and facultatively anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. The majority ofKlebsiellafail to grow at 10 and 45°C, while the type strains ofK. oxytoca,K. planticola,K. terrigena,K. ornithinolytica,K. michiganensis, andK. variicolashow growth at 10°C.Klebsiellaare usually positive for Voges–Proskauer test, except strains ofK. spallanzanii,K. indica, andK. huaxiensis. MostKlebsiellamembers hydrolyze urea. Based on genomic sequence‐based phylogenetic analyses,Klebsiellaspecies form higher‐level groups, called theK. pneumoniaespecies complex (KpSC),K. oxytocaspecies complex (KoSC), andK. planticolaspecies complex (KplanSC). Additional species complexes may be defined in the future to accommodate other species such asK. aerogenes,K. terrigena, andK. indica. SomeKlebsiellastrains fix atmospheric nitrogen. Members ofKlebsiellaare considered ubiquitous and have been isolated from diverse sources including clinical specimens from humans and animals (e.g., cows, horses, and swine, monkeys), the mammalian gut, household items, soil, water, and plants. AllKlebsiellaspecies are considered opportunistic pathogens, except for a few specific pathovars, and may harbor a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes. Some strains of the KpSC, called hypervirulent strains, and some toxigenic strains of the KoSC are considered true pathogens.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 53–58 (Tm).

Type species:Klebsiella pneumoniaeTrevisan 1887AL(basonym:Hyalococcus pneumoniaeSchroeter 1886).
Technical note: An automated document verification tool in radiation oncology EMR: Application for LDR prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Xu Junliang , Zhang Baoshe , Guerrero Mariana , Kalavagunta Chaitanya , Chen Shifeng , Xu Huijun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to illustrate how a script‐based automated tool can efficiently verify documentation for LDR prostate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: An in‐house Python‐scripts‐based tool was developed to automatically verify the specific checklists, aligned with our institutional practice guidelines for prostate seed implants (PSI). The scripts, compatible with our radiation oncology information system, could be executed with an optional web‐based middleware to access and evaluate Aria documents. Optimized based on data from the previous 400 patients, the automated tool was applied to a random cohort of 50 LDR patients. It evaluated the adequacy of specific EMR documents by performing checks for data completeness, consistency, and allowable value range. We analyzed the efficiency of using this tool against conventional manual checks in two LDR processes: seed ordering and monthly audits for our PSI programs. Results: The automated tool effectively performed chart checks on the involved PSI documents. Human errors, such as typos and inconsistent information, were identified in 7 out of 50 patients during the seed ordering process and in 2 out of 50 patients during the monthly audit. Meanwhile, this automation reduced the majority of manual chart‐checking time by an average of 5 and 10 min per patient for these processes, respectively. The anticipated efficiency gains will continue to accrue as more check items are digitalized and assessable to the scripts. Conclusions: The implementation of an automated tool tailored for LDR prostate brachytherapy has demonstrated its efficiency benefits. Such an approach can help other clinics substantially enhance routine chart checks, periodic audits, and other applications in similar clinical settings.
Auxiliary model‐based recursive least squares and stochastic gradient algorithms and convergence analysis for feedback nonlinear output‐error systems
Authors: Miao Guangqin , Yang Dan , Ding Feng
Published: July 2024

This paper deals with the problem of the parameter estimation for feedback nonlinear output‐error systems. The auxiliary model‐based recursive least squares algorithm and the auxiliary model‐based stochastic gradient algorithm are derived for parameter estimation. Based on the stochastic process theory, the convergence of the proposed algorithms are proved. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms can estimate the parameters of feedback nonlinear output‐error systems effectively.
Storable Polydopamine Nanoparticles Combined with Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin for Photothermal‐Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhuang Ze‐Nan , Qi Yong‐Dan , Huang Qian‐Xiao , Zhang Cheng , Zeng Xuan , Zhong Zhen‐Lin , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: July 2024

Photothermal immunotherapy emerges as a promising strategy for treating tumors. However, the majority of current photothermal immunotherapy approaches do not yet show significant potential for clinical translation. In this study, lyophilized polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles combined with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) are investigated for photothermal immunotherapy against colorectal cancer. By simply mixing with two lyophilized powders, PDA nanoparticles can covalently bond onto BCG to form BCG@PDA. This combination demonstrates a potent photothermal cytotoxic effect on tumor cells by utilizing PDA nanoparticles. In addition, a heightened immune response triggered by the BCG vaccine, as evidenced by the secretion of important pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the activation of antigen‐presenting cells, is observed. In vivo testing on a murine colon cancer model demonstrates that the combined treatment significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further, the lyophilized PDA nanoparticles can be stored at −20 °C for up to 1 year with stable photothermal properties. Therefore, this study not only presents a reliable method for storing the therapeutic PDA nanoparticles but also demonstrates the potential application of BCG@PDA in photothermal immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Enhanced Radiation Efficiency by Resonant Coupling in a Large Bandwidth Magnetoelectric Antenna
Authors: Ma Mingyuan , Chen Chong , Xu Huiping , Cao Yanzhang , Han Lei , Xiao Boyuan , Liu Peisen , Liang Shixuan , Zhu Wenxuan , Fu Sulei , Song Cheng , Pan Feng
Published: July 2024

Magnetoelectric (ME) antennas hold the potential for significantly advancing miniaturization in radio frequency devices due to their compact size. However, critical hurdles still remain in ME antennas including low radiation efficiency and narrow bandwidth, which prevent them from seeing widespread use. Here, by sweeping the magnetic field to reach a resonant coupling, a significant enhancement in radiation efficiency by 70.95 ± 6.4% in a broad bandwidth ME antenna with 80 MHz is achieved as well as the far‐field radiation patterns are changed compared with that via non‐resonant coupling. The enhancement depends on the relative orientation between the magnetization and surface acoustic wave propagation direction which is dominated by the symmetry of the driving field induced by shear strain. A larger enhancement occurs when the magnetic field along hard axis of Ni due to the matching helicity and larger strain compared with easy axis scenario. This work demonstrates an innovative methodology that significantly enhances the radiation and reception efficiency in ME antennas, which may provide ideas for subsequent applications in communication antennas and magnetic sensors.
Micro/Nanomotor‐Driven Intelligent Targeted Delivery Systems: Dynamics Sources and Frontier Applications
Authors: Yu Yue , Liang Ling , Sun Ting , Lu Haiying , Yang Pushan , Li Jinrong , Pang Qinjiao , Zeng Jia , Shi Ping , Li Jianshu , Lu Yongping
Published: July 2024

Micro/nanomotors represent a promising class of drug delivery carriers capable of converting surrounding chemical or external energy into mechanical power, enabling autonomous movement. Their distinct autonomous propulsive force distinguishes them from other carriers, offering significant potential for enhancing drug penetration across cellular and tissue barriers. A comprehensive understanding of micro/nanomotor dynamics with various power sources is crucial to facilitate their transition from proof‐of‐concept to clinical application. In this review, micro/nanomotors are categorized into three classes based on their energy sources: endogenously stimulated, exogenously stimulated, and live cell‐driven. The review summarizes the mechanisms governing micro/nanomotor movements under these energy sources and explores factors influencing autonomous motion. Furthermore, it discusses methods for controlling micro/nanomotor movement, encompassing aspects related to their structure, composition, and environmental factors. The remarkable propulsive force exhibited by micro/nanomotors makes them valuable for significant biomedical applications, including tumor therapy, bio‐detection, bacterial infection therapy, inflammation therapy, gastrointestinal disease therapy, and environmental remediation. Finally, the review addresses the challenges and prospects for the application of micro/nanomotors. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of micro/nanomotors in overcoming biological barriers and enhancing therapeutic efficacy, highlighting their promising clinical applications across various biomedical fields.
Hofmeister Ions‐Induced Thinning of Gelatin to Enhance 3D Printing Precision
Authors: Chee Heng Li , Koo Jing Wen , Sim Ee En Ian , Zhu Qiang , Gao Xu , Ramli Md. Faris H. , Young Jennifer L. , Holle Andrew W. , Wang FuKe
Published: July 2024

Hydrogel 3D printing holds immense potential in fields like personalized medicine, regenerative therapies, and organ creation, offering biocompatible structures similar to the extracellular matrix. Gelatin‐Methacryloyl (GelMA) emerges as a promising candidate, while its high viscosity poses a significant challenge, especially in vat photopolymerization‐based 3D printing. Here, a new approach is presented by using Hofmeister ionic effect to substantially reduce the viscosity of high‐content (up to 60%) Gelatin bioink at room temperature with enhanced mechanical performance of the printed structures. The thinning effect induced by chaotropic Hofmeister ions is investigated through complex viscosity analysis, optical rotation measurements, and sol–gel conversion studies. The thinning effect induced by chaotropic ions enables precise 3D printing of Gelatin hydrogel, achieving accuracy comparable to prints made with polymers. Furthermore, after polymerization, the cations of the chaotropic salt change their role to cross‐linkers, leading to stronger scaffolds that exhibit biocompatibility with robust cell attachment, proliferation, and suitability for cell growth. The combination facilitates the creation of customizable structures and high printing accuracy will promote the wide application of Gelatin in the development of patient‐specific implants, drug delivery systems, and tissue scaffolds, further improving medical treatment efficacy and personalized healthcare.
Defect Passivation Strategies in Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Enhanced Photoelectric Performance
Authors: Liu Lei , Bi Hualin , Yan Jiahe , Wang Mengke , Wang Jun
Published: July 2024

The polycrystalline perovskite films treated with solutions inevitably are subjected to high‐density crystal defects, significantly affecting the performance and stability of perovskite‐based photodetectors. In this research, a reasonably designed organic small molecule using piperazine iodide (PI) as an additive is employed to modify the perovskite films. The results indicate that this designed molecule not only improves the crystallinity of the perovskite film but also effectively passivates defects by modifying the local electron density. Consequently, recombination of non‐radiation charges is inhibited, improving the optoelectronic performance and stability of the device. The modified flexible photoelectric device exhibits a responsivity of 3.07 mA W−1 under 405 nm laser illumination. Notably, it maintains a high responsivity even after 7000 bending cycles. Furthermore, generality of the strategy is verified by applying it to various types of two‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite. Additionally, another small molecular amine phthalimide (PTM) is selected as an additive to further verify the universality of this strategy, which reveals that it demonstrates the same passivation as PI. This strategy provides a novel idea for defect passivation of two‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite, signifying a practical application significance for developing flexible wearable devices with optimized performance, perovskite light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells.
START: A Versatile Platform for Bacterial Ligand Sensing with Programmable Performances
Authors: Kim Jeongwon , Seo Minchae , Lim Yelin , Kim Jongmin
Published: July 2024

Recognition of signaling molecules for coordinated regulation of target genes is a fundamental process for biological systems. Cells often rely on transcription factors to accomplish these intricate tasks, yet the subtle conformational changes of protein structures, coupled with the complexity of intertwined protein interaction networks, pose challenges for repurposing these for bioengineering applications. This study introduces a novel platform for ligand‐responsive gene regulation, termed START (Synthetic Trans‐Acting Riboswitch with Triggering RNA). Inspired by the bacterial ligand sensing system, riboswitch, and the synthetic gene regulator, toehold switch, the START platform enables the implementation of synthetic biosensors for various ligands. Rational sequence design with targeted domain optimization yields high‐performance STARTs with a dynamic range up to 67.29‐fold and a tunable ligand sensitivity, providing a simple and intuitive strategy for sensor engineering. The START platform also exhibits modularity and composability to allow flexible genetic circuit construction, enabling seamless implementation of OR, AND, and NOT Boolean logic gates for multiple ligand inputs. The START design principle is capable of broadening the suite of synthetic biosensors for diverse chemical and protein ligands, providing a novel riboregulator chassis for synthetic biology and bioengineering applications.
A functional aged human iPSC‐cortical neuron model recapitulates Alzheimer's disease, senescence, and the response to therapeutics
Authors: Gallo Leandro H. , Akanda Nesar , Autar Kaveena , Patel Aakash , Cox Ian , Powell Haley A. , Grillo Marcella , Barakat Natali , Morgan Dave , Guo Xiufang , Hickman James J.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

The degeneration of cortical layers is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current therapies for AD are not disease‐modifying, and, despite substantial efforts, research and development for AD has faced formidable challenges. In addition, cellular senescence has emerged as a significant contributor to therapy resistance.

METHODS

Human iPSC‐derived cortical neurons were cultured on microelectrode arrays to measure long‐term potentiation (LTP) noninvasively. Neurons were treated with pathogenic amyloid‐β (Aβ) to analyze senescence and response to therapeutic molecules.

RESULTS

Microphysiological recordings revealed Aβ dampened cortical LTP activity and accelerated neuronal senescence. Aging neurons secreted inflammatory factors previously detected in brain, plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid of AD patients, in which drugs modulated senescence‐related factors.

DISCUSSION

This platform measures and records neuronal LTP activity in response to Aβ and therapeutic molecules in real‐time. Efficacy data from similar platforms have been accepted by the FDA for neurodegenerative diseases, expediting regulatory submissions.

Highlights

This work developed a progerontic model of amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐driven cortical degeneration.

This work measured neuronal LTP and correlated function with aging biomarkers.

Aβ is a driver of neuronal senescence and cortical degeneration.

Molecules rescued neuronal function but did not halt Aβ‐driven senescence.

Therapeutic molecules modulated secretion of inflammatory factors by aging neurons.
C−S‐Selective Stille‐Coupling Enables Stereodefined Alkene Synthesis
Authors: Jing Jing , Hu Ying , Tian Zhenfeng , Wang Yicheng , Yao Liqin , Qiu Lipeng , Ackermann Lutz , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Li Jie
Published: July 2024

A palladium‐catalyzed highly C−S‐selective Stille cross‐coupling between aryl thianthrenium salts and tri‐ or tetrasubstituted alkenyl stannanes is described. Herein, critical challenges including site‐ and chemoselectivity control are well addressed through C−H thianthrenation and C−S alkenylation, thereby providing an expedient access to stereodefined tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes in a stereoretentive fashion. Indeed, the palladium‐catalyzed Stille‐alkenylation of poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes displays privileged capability to differentiate C−S over C−I, C−Br, C−Cl bonds, as well as oxygen‐based triflates (C−OTf), tosylates (C−OTs), carbamates and sulfamates under mild reaction conditions. Sequential and multiple cross‐couplings via selective C−X functionalization should be widely applicable for increasing functional molecular complexity. Modular installation of stereospecific alkene motifs into pharmaceuticals illustrated the synthetic application of the present protocol in drug discovery.
Mining electronics waste: Experimental and computational mechanistic insights into organic aqua regia as an extraction method
Authors: Stuewe Rose , Nguyen Vu , Wei Qiushi , Souchez Thomas , Vyas Shubham , Richards Ryan M.
Published: July 2024

In the previous decade, organic aqua regia (OAR) was discovered as a mixture of pyridine and thionyl chloride that has been observed to surprisingly yet notably selectively dissolve precious metals, dissolution‐resistant gold. Given the novel combination is two common organic solvents, it has immense potential to contribute to a circular economy of metal recycling, economically and environmentally. The underlying mechanisms behind its metal dissolution and interesting properties are not well‐understood. Using both the original mixture and derivatives, the role of each OAR reagent was analyzed in the dissolution of gold to begin probing and illuminating the novel mechanism. Three mechanisms were proposed: radical based, oxidant and ligand, and Lewis acid and base. Computational means were used to propose possible mechanisms. Experiments were used to explicate the possible mechanisms. Discoveries from the original publication were used to verify assessments and suggest future areas of study for further confirmation. Based on the finding that 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) does not significantly affect the amount of gold dissolved, the radical mechanism was dismissed. Findings from experiments replacing pyridine with its derivatives disproved the likelihood of the oxidant and ligand mechanism. Finally, with the support of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and other characterization techniques, the Lewis acid and base mechanism was determined to be the most probable mechanism of OAR. The mechanistic findings reported herein will pave the way for continued understanding of the mechanism to be exploited and optimized for other metals and organometallic chemistry in the recycling of metals.
Supramolecular Exchange Reaction in the Cavity of Naphthalene Diimides Extended‐Pillar[6]arene
Authors: Zeng Fei , Tang Lin‐Li , Tang Shan‐Shan , Tang Hai‐Shan , Ding Man‐Hua
Published: July 2024

A new naphthalene diimides extended‐pillar[6]arene 1 with a large cavity and rich host‐guest complexation properties was synthesized in high yield. It can not only form 1 : 2 complexes with large size polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but also form 1 : 1 : 1 ternary complex with perylene and 2,7‐diazapyrenium. Moreover, the supramolecular exchange reaction from a 1 : 2 host‐guest complex 1 ⋅ (G3)2 formed by 1 and perylene to a 1 : 1 : 1 ternary complex 1 ⋅ G3 ⋅ G5 formed by 1 with perylene and 2,7‐diazapyrenium salt was also investigated by 1H NMR experiments as well as theoretically calculations.
Comprehensive Phytochemical Profile of Leaves, Stems and Fruits from Orthopterygium huaucui (A. Gray) Hemsl. and their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Hernández Marcos , Castañeta Grover , Simirgiotis Mario J. , Sepulveda Beatriz , Areche Carlos
Published: July 2024

Orthopterygium huaucui, commonly known as “Pate”, is a medicinal shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family used locally to treat burns and stomach pains. Endemic to Peru, chemical studies on O. huaucui are limited. In this study, Ultra‐High Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole/Orbitrap Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC Q/Orbitrap/ESI/MS/MS) was used to identify secondary metabolites in leaves, stems and fruits, and the antioxidant capacities of the different parts were compared. In addition, several compounds such as methyl gallate, gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and quercetin 3‐O‐β‐glucuronide were successfully isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of this species for the first time. Untargeted UHPLC Q/Orbitrap/ESI/MS/MS analysis tentatively identified seventy‐six compounds in the different parts of the plant, showing that this species as an interesting source of flavonoids, procyanidins and tannins. The phenolic content in leaves and stems was 334.31±4.34 and 295.18±6.38 gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry plant, respectively, while that of fruits was lower (99.92±5.45 mg/100 g). Leaves had twice the flavonoid content than fruits (210.38±3.85 versus 87.42±3.85 quercetin equivalents/100 g). 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) results indicated high antioxidant activity in all parts, with stems and leaves showing IC50 of 12.8 μg/mL, and fruits showing less activity (IC50=38.6 μg/mL). The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) test showed higher antioxidant values in the stems (467.82±21.17 μmol Trolox equivalents/100 g). This study provides valuable information on the chemistry of O. huaucui and highlights its antioxidant potential, especially in leaves and stems.
Creation of an in vitro model of GM1 gangliosidosis by CRISPR/Cas9 knocking‐out the GLB1 gene in SH‐SY5Y human neuronal cell line
Authors: Hosseini Kamran , Fallahi Jafar , Aligholi Hadi , Heidari Zahra , Nadimi Elham , Safari Fatemeh , Sisakht Mohsen , Atapour Amir , Khajeh Sahar , Tabei Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Razban Vahid
Published: July 2024

GM1 gangliosidosis is one type of hereditary error of metabolism that occurs due to the absence or reduction of β‐galactosidase enzyme content in the lysosome of cells, including neurons. In vitro, the use of neural cell lines could facilitate the study of this disease. By creating a cell model of GM1 gangliosidosis on the SH‐SY5Y human nerve cell line, it is possible to understand the main role of this enzyme in breaking down lipid substrate and other pathophysiologic phenomena this disease. To knock‐out the human GLB1 gene, guides targeting exons 14 and 16 of the GLB1 gene were designed using the CRISPOR and CHOP‐CHOP websites, and high‐efficiency guides were selected for cloning in the PX458 vector. After confirming the cloning, the vectors were transformed into DH5α bacteria and then the target vector was extracted and transfected into human nerve cells (SH‐SY5Y cell line) by electroporation. After 48 h, GFP+ cells were sorted using the FACS technique and homozygous (compound heterozygous) single cells were isolated using the serial dilution method and sequencing was done to confirm them. Finally, gap PCR tests, X‐gal and Periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining, and qPCR were used to confirm the knock‐out of the human GLB1 gene. Additionally, RNA sequencing data analysis from existing data of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to find the correlation of GLB1 with other genes, and then the top correlated genes were tested for further evaluation of knock‐out effects. The nonviral introduction of two guides targeting exons 14 and 16 of the GLB1 gene into SH‐SY5Y cells led to the deletion of a large fragment with a size of 4.62 kb. In contrast to the non‐transfected cell, X‐gal staining resulted in no blue color in GLB1 gene knock‐out cells indicating the absence of β‐galactosidase enzyme activity in these cells. Real‐time PCR (qPCR) results confirmed the RNA‐Seq analysis outcomes on the GEO data set and following the GLB1 gene knock‐out, the expression of its downstream genes, NEU1 and CTSA, has been decreased. It has been also shown that the downregulation of GLB1‐NEU1‐CTSA complex gene was involved in suppressed proliferation and invasion ability of knock‐out cells. This study proved that using dual guide RNA can be used as a simple and efficient tool for targeting the GLB1 gene in nerve cells and the knockout SH‐SY5Y cells can be used as a model investigation of basic and therapeutic surveys for GM1 gangliosidosis disease.
Outcomes after transcatheter mitral valve implantation in valve‐in‐valve, valve‐in‐ring, and valve‐in‐mitral annular calcification
Authors: Alvarez‐Covarrubias Hector A. , Joner Michael , Lutz Marius , Xhepa Erion , Mayr N. Patrick , Lachmann Mark , Cassese Salvatore , Rheude Tobias , Pellegrini Costanza , Kufner Sebastian , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan , Erlebach Magdalena , Lange Rüdiger , Ruge Hendrik
Published: July 2024

Aims

We aimed to evaluate transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) using predominantly balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves (THV) in patients with a landing zone for a percutaneously delivered prosthesis.

Background

Patients with a degenerated mitral valve bioprosthesis, annuloplasty ring, and mitral annulus calcification (MAC) considered at high surgical risk currently represent a treatment challenge. TMVI is an alternative treatment option.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with symptomatic degenerated mitral valve bioprosthesis, or annuloplasty ring, and MAC treated with TMVI between November 2011 and April 2021. Endpoints were defined according to Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium (MVARC) criteria and included device and procedure success at 30 days as well as mortality at 30 days and 1 year after the procedure.

Results

A total of 77 patients underwent TMVI (valve in valve [ViV = 56], valve in ring [ViR = 11], and valve in MAC [ViMAC = 10]). There was a trend toward higher technical success (all = 93.5%, ViV = 96.4%, ViR = 90.9%, ViMAC = 80%, p = 0.06) and lower 30‐day (all = 11.7%, ViV = 10.7%, ViR = 9.1%, ViMAC = 20%, p = 0.49) and 1‐year mortality (all = 26%, ViV = 23.2%, ViR = 27.3%, ViMAC= 40%, p = 0.36) after ViV and ViR compared to ViMAC.

Conclusion

TMVI represents a reasonable treatment option in selected patients with MAC or who are poor candidates for redo mitral valve surgery. Technical success and survival up to 1 year were not significantly dependent on the subgroup in which TMVI was performed.
Bisphosphonium Benzene Diimides
Authors: Leake Gebresilassie Feven , Ji Kim Min , Castellanos Daniela , Broderick Conor H. , Ngo Steven M. , Young Victor G. , Cao Dennis D.
Published: July 2024

The incorporation of cationic groups onto electron‐poor compounds is a viable strategy for achieving potent electron acceptors, as evidenced by reports of air‐stable radical forms of large aromatic diimides such as naphthalene and perylene diimides. These ions have also been observed to exhibit anion–π interaction tendencies of interest in molecular recognition applications. The benefits of phosphonium incorporation, however, have not yet been extended to the smallest benzene diimides. Here, we report that dibrominated pyromellitic diimide and mellophanic diimide both readily undergo substitution reactions with phosphine sources to yield bisphosphonium compounds. In the single crystalline form, these dications display anion‐π interactions and, in the case of mellophanic diimide, the stabilization of a bromide–water H−bonding ring pattern. The reaction of these dications with chemical reductants readily provides the singly and doubly reduced redox states, which were characterized by UV‐vis spectroscopy and found to exhibit intense absorptions extending into the near‐IR region. Taken together, this work demonstrates that phosphonium incorporation onto congested aromatic diimide scaffolds is synthetically viable and produces unusual electron‐poor compounds.
Helicenes on Surfaces: Stereospecific On‐Surface Chemistry, Single Enantiomorphism, and Electron Spin Selectivity
Authors: Ernst Karl‐Heinz
Published: July 2024

Helicenes represent an important class of chiral organic material with promising optoelectronic properties. Hence, functionalization of surfaces with helicenes is a key step towards new organic material devices. This review presents different aspects of adsorption and modification of metal surfaces with different helicene species. Topics addressed are chiral crystallization, that is, 2D conglomerate versus racemate crystallization, breaking of mirror‐symmetry in racemates, chirality‐induced spin selectivity, and stereoselective on‐surface chemistry.
Queuing‐based energy‐efficient processing algorithm for smart transportation through V2V communication
Authors: Mohammadi Laya , Khajehvand Vahid
Published: July 2024

Applications of intelligent systems installed in vehicles require substantial computational processing for various tasks. These intensive computations result in high energy consumption and power demands within vehicles. Computational offloading based on Vehicle‐to‐Vehicle (V2V) communication in vehicular fog computing (VFC) has been proposed as a promising solution to enhance energy efficiency in transportation applications. In this paper, the primary objective is addressing this concern by identifying the optimal nearby vehicle that minimizes energy consumption for the offloading and execution of computational tasks. Therefore, a decision‐making and intelligent task offloading mechanism based on queueing theory is proposed. By modeling the problem environment based on queueing theory and modeling the behavior of distributed tasks with discrete‐time Markov chain, the proposed solution can predict the future behavior of vehicles in selecting the most energy‐efficient processing node. Therefore, this paper investigates three energy decision parameters based on queueing theory extracted from the Markov model to enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the computational energy parameter achieves the most significant improvement. The proposed algorithm outperforms previous methods, improving energy‐efficient system performance by 6.25% and 2.67%, and reducing delivery failure rate by 6.52% and 2.72%. It also decreases overall transportation system processing energy consumption by 0.05% for 100–500 vehicle arrival rates, resulting in an average total processing energy consumption of 0.48%.
Social sustainability for health and well‐being in port areas: A general framework proposal with a social value approach
Authors: de Luca Patrizia , Valentinuz Giorgio
Published: July 2024

Sustainability is becoming increasingly critical in the port business, which generates economic, environmental, and social impacts in and around port areas. This study, focusing on social sustainability, intends to investigate the potential creation of multi‐functional social health and well‐being facilities to benefit the staff of the port community. Qualitative research was performed in port areas in Italy. A thematic analysis of textual data obtained from interviews and secondary data was also administered. The original contribution of this study, which proposes a framework with different potential interventional areas, comes from the suggestion for an economic‐financial analysis with the social return on investment. This method permits consideration of valuable aspects for evaluating the potential social value of the multi‐functional social health and well‐being facility.
Graph neural networks based queuing model for optimal load balancing in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: Kumar G. Rajiv Suresh , Arul Geetha G.
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new approach for optimizing traffic management in multiple access networks (MANETs) by utilizing the stream‐enabled routing (SER) algorithm. The SER algorithm is used to determine which routing path is the most time‐ and resource‐efficient. The proposed approach makes use of multipath routing in a manner that is consistent with the SER method. By combining the states of flows, queues, and links, a graph neural network (GNN)‐based model attempts to break the circular dependencies that are described by these functions. The simulation is setup with joint parameters consisting of residual energy, packet delivery rate (PDR), and end‐to‐end delay. The results of the experiments show that the proposed protocol provides a significant improvement in terms of network efficiency when compared to using some baseline protocols designed for MANETs.
Complications After Exosome Treatment for Aesthetic Skin Rejuvenation
Authors: Nahm William J. , Thunga Sukruthi , Yoo Jane
Published: July 2024

Background

Exosomes have gained significant attention in aesthetic dermatology for their potential in skin rejuvenation. Despite numerous studies investigating the use of exosomes in aesthetic applications, no adverse events have been reported thus far. This case series presents patients with noticeable adverse effects following the application of exosomes to the skin for aesthetic purposes primarily in South Korea, including one patient residing in Australia. [Correction added on 4 February 2025, after first online publication: In the Abstract, one patient residing in Australia has been included.]

Methods

A consortium of concerned aesthetic dermatologists from South Korea provided a case series of patients who developed complications after receiving exosome treatments for skin rejuvenation. The case series included seven female patients, ranging in age from 26 to 37 years old, who developed delayed‐onset granulomatous lesions at the treatment sites. [Correction added on 4 February 2025, after first online publication: the number of patients has been changed from eight to seven females; the age range has been changed from 26 to 52 years old to 26 to 37 years old.]

Results

All patients in the case series developed erythematous, indurated papules or nodules at the sites of exosome injections, with onset ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months posttreatment. Histopathological examination of biopsied lesions revealed necrotizing granulomas not related to mycobacterial infections. The patients' response to topical and oral steroids, as well as other treatments, varied.

Conclusion

Although exosome‐based therapies hold great promise in aesthetic dermatology, this case series highlights the potential for delayed‐onset granulomatous complications following exosome treatments for skin rejuvenation. Standardized protocols for exosome isolation and purification, as well as rigorous safety and efficacy standards, are needed to ensure the successful implementation of exosome‐based products in clinical settings.
Microhabitat acclimatization alters sea anemone–algal symbiosis and thermal tolerance across the intertidal zone
Authors: Ruggeri Maria , Million Wyatt C. , Hamilton Lindsey , Kenkel Carly D.
Published: July 2024

Contemporary symbioses in extreme environments can give an insight into mechanisms that stabilize species interactions during environmental change. The intertidal sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima, engages in a nutritional symbiosis with microalgae similar to tropical coral, but withstands more intense environmental fluctuations during tidal inundations. In this study, we compare baseline symbiotic traits and their sensitivity to thermal stress within and among anemone aggregations across the intertidal using a laboratory‐based tank experiment to better understand how fixed genotypic and plastic environmental effects contribute to the successful maintenance of this symbiosis in extreme habitats. High intertidal anemones had lower baseline symbiont‐to‐host cell ratios under control conditions, but their symbionts had higher baseline photosynthetic efficiency compared to low intertidal anemone symbionts. Symbiont communities were identical across all samples, suggesting that shifts in symbiont density and photosynthetic performance could be an acclimatory mechanism to maintain symbiosis in different environments. Despite lower baseline symbiont‐to‐host cell ratios, high intertidal anemones maintained greater symbiont‐to‐host cell ratios under heat stress compared with low intertidal anemones, suggesting greater thermal tolerance of high intertidal holobionts. However, the thermal tolerance of clonal anemones acclimatized to different zones was not explained by tidal height alone, indicating additional environmental variables contribute to physiological differences. Host genotype significantly influenced anemone weight, but only explained a minor proportion of variation among symbiotic traits and their response to thermal stress, further implicating environmental history as the primary driver of holobiont tolerance. These results indicate that this symbiosis is highly plastic and may be able to acclimatize to climate change over ecological timescales, defying the convention that symbiotic organisms are more susceptible to environmental stress.
Development and characterization of multifunctional fish gelatin composite films reinforced with ε‐polylysine and zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Ruyang , Yao Aifang , Yan Yongyong , Wang Jingyi , Li Qingxiang , Li Kezhi , Tian Yongqi , Wang Shaoyun , Wu Jiulin
Published: July 2024

Active compounds were usually incorporated into biopolymer films to enhance their properties. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of the gelatin composite films increased along with the addition of ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano‐ZnO). When the concentrations of ε‐PL and nano‐ZnO were 4% and 0.5%, TS and EAB reached to the maximum which were 53.98 ± 2.61 MPa and 16.05 ± 1.76%. The water vapor permeability, water solubility, and water content of the composite films decreased from 2.01 ± 0.04 10−10 g m−1 Pa−1 s−1 to 1.56 ± 0.07 × 10−10 g m−1 Pa−1 s−1, from 45.23 ± 1.54% to 31.39 ± 1.24% and from 23.89 ± 1.41% to 17.34 ± 2.61%, respectively, compared with gelatin film. The light barrier capacity of the composite film was improved. The surface of the film was relatively smooth, and the cross‐section was overall flat. FTIR results indicated that no chemical reaction occurred among ε‐PL, nano‐ZnO and gelatin. The chemical structure of the films remained unchanged throughout the heat‐sealing process. Moreover, the gelatin films containing ε‐PL and nano‐ZnO showed excellent antibacterial activity. Our findings suggest that the gelatin composite films with antibacterial property hold promise for the application in food packaging materials.
Saturated Heterocyclic Sulfamoyl Fluorides: Building Blocks for the SuFEx Chemistry
Authors: Aleksandrenko Serhii , Dobrydnev Alexey V. , Zhersh Serhii , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: July 2024

A scalable protocol for direct SO2F2‐based fluorosulfonylation of saturated (hetero)cyclic and functionalized amines is reported. The method is cost‐effective and applicable for multigram preparation of structurally diverse compounds, as illustrated by the synthesis of 58 building blocks decorated with common functional groups. A comparison of overall yields of products demonstrates the advantages of the present method over alternative approaches. The obtained functionalized sp3‐enriched sulfamoyl fluorides can be considered a new generation of building blocks for SuFEx (sulfur fluoride exchange) chemistry. The synthetic utility of the synthesized building blocks was demonstrated by late‐stage reactions tolerating the SO2F functionality as well as transformations to provide the corresponding sulfamide, sulfamate, and sulfonamide derivatives.
Co‐Solvent Assisted Optimization of the CuSCN Hole Transport Layer for Enhancing the Efficiency of Ambient Processable Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Counter Electrodes
Authors: Nandigana Pardhasaradhi , G. Anagha , Panda Subhendu K.
Published: July 2024

In recent perovskite solar cell (PSC) research, copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an emerging inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) due to its suitable band gap, matched band edge positions with the perovskite and high stability under ambient conditions. However, being a coordination polymer typically requires sulfide‐based solvents that strongly interact with Cu(I) for dissolution. Dipropyl sulfide (DPS) is generally used where it is very sparingly soluble of about 10–12 mg mL−1, which leads to low surface coverage with pin‐holes on the surface responsible for the generation of defects at the perovskite–HTL interface. In this study, addition of the optimized amount 100 μL of co‐solvent Acetonitrile (ACN) increased the CuSCN dissolution from 10 to 35 mg mL−1. ACN can act as a Lewis‐base making it capable of donating electrons to a Lewis‐acid like Cu+ from CuSCN. ACN is a polar aprotic solvent due to its highly polar CN bond and by adding CuSCN the dipole–dipole interactions can stabilize the CuSCN molecules in solution. The device with architecture (FTO/c‐TiO2/mp‐TiO2/MAPbI3/CuSCN/carbon) showed the higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈11% with Voc of 1.01 V and Isc 24.65 mA cm−2 showing excellent stability stored under ambient atmosphere which retains 80% of its initial efficiency after 10 days.
Long‐range Ising model for regional‐scale seismic risk analysis
Authors: Oh Sebin , Yi Sangri , Wang Ziqi
Published: July 2024

This study introduces the long‐range Ising model from statistical mechanics to the performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework for regional seismic damage analysis. The application of the PBEE framework at a regional scale involves estimating the damage states () of numerous structures, typically performed using fragility function‐based stochastic simulations. However, these simulations often assume conditional independence or employ simplistic dependency models among the of structures, leading to significant misrepresentation of regional risk. The Ising model addresses this issue by converting the available information on binary (safe or failure) into a joint probability mass function, leveraging the principle of maximum entropy. The Ising model offers two main benefits: (1) it requires only the first‐ and second‐order cross‐moments, enabling seamless integration with the existing PBEE framework, and (2) it provides meaningful physical interpretations of the model parameters, facilitating the uncovering of insights not apparent from data. To demonstrate the proposed method, we applied the Ising model to 156 buildings in Antakya, Turkey, using post‐hazard damage evaluation data, and to 182 buildings in Pacific Heights, San Francisco, using simulated data from the Regional Resilience Determination tool. In both instances, the Ising model accurately reproduces the provided information and generates meaningful insights into regional damage. The study also investigates the change in Ising model parameters under varying earthquake magnitudes, along with the mean‐field approximation, further facilitating the applicability of the proposed approach.
The immunomodulator effect of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni mediated by TNF‐α and IL‐1β in peripheral blood in diabetic rats
Authors: Cebeci Erhan , Katirci Ertan , Karhan Mustafa , Korgun Emin Turkay
Published: July 2024

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, which is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of diabetes, was the focus of this study aiming to investigate its immunomodulatory properties in diabetes. To form the diabetes group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with STZ and rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL 2 days after STZ injection were included in the diabetes group. To form the stevia and diabetes + stevia groups, stevia was administered daily by gavage to both healthy and diabetic rats for 28 days. At the end of 28 days, the levels of interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in the blood were measured by ELISA. CD3, CD4, and CD8 protein levels in the blood were determined by flow cytometry. Rat body weight increased in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared with the diabetes group. Blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (**p < .01). IL‐1β cytokine levels decreased significantly in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (**p < .01). TNF‐α cytokine levels decreased significantly in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (**p < .01). The amount of CD8 + T cells decreased significantly in the diabetes +25 mg/kg bW stevia group compared to the diabetes group (*p < .05). The stevia diet leads to a reduction in peripheral circulating cytotoxic T cells and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1 beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha under hyperglycemic conditions.