bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Industrialisation : Its Origination and Development
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

Intellectual movements, which originated during the Age of Enlightenment
(rationalism, scientific recognition, inductive method) created important preconditions
for the industrial1 era. Calvinism, scientific progress, discoveries, and inventions led to
the industrial revolution. It replaced human and animal work with machines and
transformed agrarian societies into remote supplied societies. Fossil energy carriers
became the core of industrial development. Improvements in food and medicine
supply, as well as social reforms, set the beginning of demographic transformations.
Economic developments, organisation, division of labour, innovations (e.g. electric
current), and specialisations were accompanied by severe political and societal crises
(e.g. rural exodus, machine runners, pauperism, and industrial slavery). Despite rising
disparities caused by agglomeration, cartelism, and accumulation of assets and wealth,
a slow improvement in the degree of education, qualification, literacy, average standard
of living, and life expectancy was realised. Escalating world population growth since
ca. 1960 implied increasing amounts of supply (mineral commodities, food, etc.).
Accelerated techno-scientific progress, partially fostered after 1945 by space and arms
races created fast developments in nuclear technology, electronics, digitalisation,
automation, internet, genomics, bio- and nanotechnology, and resulted in globalised
optimum physical and virtual mobility.
Groundwater
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

Due to technical development and sharp population increase, the global
groundwater balance has been negative since at least 1900. Groundwater abstraction
between 1965-2010 tripled to 986 km3. As a consequence, resources like the Australian
Artesian Basin were depleted. Groundwater must be seen as resource in transition. In
general, its level fell due to pumping and the sealing of large surfaces, causing them to
become impervious to infiltrating water. Groundwater deterioration occurred due to
excess pumping, resulting in salinisation. Groundwater contamination occurred
because of leaking toxic liquid waste at nuclear repositories; leaking unconfined,
tailings containing residual heavy metals, sulphuric acid, and cyanide; dispersed PCBs;
industrial waste dumped in abandoned mine workings; injection of residual salt brines
and liquid radioactive waste underground; and excess utilisation of artificial fertilisers
and manure in industrial agriculture, resulting in elevated NO3
- -concentrations in
groundwater wells. Example: Widespread decreasing groundwater availability and
quality, as well as groundwater level fall, in China due to overuse for domestic,
agricultural, and industrial demand. Groundwater protection measures improved the
situation locally. In general, climate change-induced water scarcity can only be
temporarily compensated by technology.
Oceans and Seas
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

The surface waters of oceans and seas have been exposed long-term to
multiple anthropogenic contaminations, waste heat, and heat transfer from the warming
atmosphere. Absorption of ca. 170 GT CO2 since the beginning of industrialisation has
caused on average a reduction of pH by 0.1. Between 1871 and 2005, heat transfer
from the atmosphere has resulted in surface water warming of tropical seas by 0.5 °C.
Fluvial input of reactive N and P from urban areas and agricultural land has caused
partial deoxygenation of the sea waters. In poorly ventilated areas like the Baltic Sea
and Gulf of Bengal, hypoxic and anoxic zones developed. Anoxic zones in eddies,
observed in the eastern South Atlantic, alter microbial communities and, therefore,
primary productivity. Decrease in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(AMOC) has occurred because of the intensified input of Arctic glacial meltwater,
resulting in less storage of atmospheric CO2 in deeper sea water layers. Average Hgconcentration
in the upper seawater layer increased from 0.75 pM to 1.45 pM between
1850 and 2008. Offshore hydrocarbon development, including havaries and oil spills
impaired sea water quality. Littering of the seas with plastic particles has occurred
since ca. 70 years ago and amounted 2010 to 8-10 MT/a. The fragments act as transport
vehicles for pathogens and organotoxins. Radioactive waste was disposed of between
1946 and 1993 at 80 sites in the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific Oceans. The Fukushima
nuclear havary effected aquatic discharge of minimum 2 × 1016 Bq into the Pacific.
Biosphere
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

The human species has, due to its creativity and innate behavioural
properties, always been driver of major extinctions. Modern species losses exceed, by
far, the natural background trends of defaunation and homogenisation. The main reason
is the violent expansion of human beings into the biosphere, its displacement,
utilisation, and transformation. This development was accelerated at the beginning of
industrialisation by motors driven by combustion of fossil energy carriers. The
biosphere and its natural cycles were degraded because huge artificial material cycles
exceeded the turnovers of natural cycles and immense amounts of waste were disposed
of in nature. Awareness about biodiversity loss and the fact that 4/5 of the estimated 10
million species are still unknown, gave rise to the Census of Marine Life. The main
threats to biodiversity are the primary and subsequent effects of industrialisation and
overpopulation. The impacts on species include: physiology, demography, evolution,
species interactions, range dynamics, and responses to environmental change. These
negative impacts must be minimised, because conservation of biodiversity and
functioning of ecosystem services are essential for human well being.
Flora
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

Humans have converted 75% of global terrestrial biomes into anthomes.
30.1 million km2 wilderness remain. Global tropical forests declined between 1990-
2015 by 10% to 545 Mio ha. The baseline value of the Samples Red Averaged List
Index for global plants is 0.86; their main threats are biological resource use,
immissions of reactive N, agri- and aquaculture, natural system modifications,
residential and commercial development, invasive species and genes, mining and
smelting, transportation and service corridors, human intrusions and disturbance,
climate change, and pollution. In 58% of land areas, the planetary boundaries of
functional and genetic biodiversity are transgressed. Warming has caused 5.7% of
vegetated land to shift to warmer and dryer climate zones. 10% of vegetated land is
sensitive to warming and 21% of vascular plants are threatened with extinction.
Because angiosperms species diversified, adapted, and radiated during the CO2 decline
in the Cretaceous, recent CO2 increase will have profound implications, although the
capacity of terrestrial flora to sequester carbon has increased in the 20th century. In
2014, global tree cover loss amounted to 18 million ha and decreased its carbon storage
capacity. Global flora is threatened by extended wildfire seasons, degradation or loss of
habitat zones, modified annual growth phases, and altered heat, moisture, and trace gas
concentrations. Attempts have been made to attain genetically engineered crop plants
resilient against heat and drought. A short history of protection measures for global
flora is given. Due to warming and fertilisation with CO2 and reactive N, boreal and
austral floras has begun to sequester more carbon and to colonise deglaciated areas.
Aquatic vegetation was impaired by pollutants, heat, harvesting, and intrusion of
xenospecies. Experiments have revealed adaptive limits of primary producers to sea
water acidification.
Fauna
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

Humans have intruded and degraded aquatic and terrestrial biospheres by
hunting, overexploitation, land take, habitat dissection and destruction, agriculture,
mining, damming, water management, pollution, and import of xenospecies and of
pathogens. This caused the trend of anthropogenic defaunation and homogenisation.
Littoral faunas are most endangered, because of the interfering impacts from both land
and ocean. Fishery-induced evolutionary pressure resulted in smaller sized species.
Global fish catch quota declined since 1996. Climate change-induced evolutionary and
ecological responses in many equatorial marine species revealed the insufficiency of
genetic shifts and adaptations to prevent range contractions and extinctions. But species
more poleward have enlarged their ranges. Sea water warming, acidification, and
deoxygenation are, except on e.g. cephalopoda, the main stressors. Calcifying species
are impaired in the growth of their shells and skeletons. 75% of global coral reefs are
threatened. Sea water warming has caused the displacement of native species by
intruding thermophilic species and temporal mismatches between life-cycle phases and
available food. Sea channel constructions have caused the intrusion of xenospecies.
Marine faunas have been impaired by oil spills and bioaccumulating toxins.
Homogenisation of land has resulted in habitat loss and biodiversity decline of e.g.
avian species. Applied biocides have impaired the fitness of bee species and immune
functions of wildlife populations. Immissions of reactive N have caused a decrease in
plant diversity and, consequently, of specialised insects. Billions of animal fatalities
have occurred annually by roadkill, other collisions, and nocturnal illumination.
Warming has caused the average body mass of Alpine chamois and Arctic reindeer to
decline. Episodes of zoonotic diseases were caused by industrial large scale livestock
farming. Organic contaminants and heavy metals have been observed to accumulate in
the food chain. Thawing permafrost has resulted in reactivation of buried pathogens.
Soil microbiota have been impaired by acid and toxic immissions. Specialised
microfaunas have developed in acid mine drainages and in the deep biosphere impacted
by fracking fluids. The importance of biophilia is expressed.
Human Beings: Benign Effects of Transformations
Authors: Engelbrecht Hubert
Published: December 2017

The positive effects of industrialisation are summarised as follows: more
reliabile sufficient food production, advancement in life sciences (dietetics, hygienics,
medicine knowledge and technique, family planning, pharmacology, biology,
biotechnology) and public health care (vaccination, immunisation), resulting in slow
rise of average life expectancy and well being, and less poverty; decline of burden of
communicable diseases; development of continent-wide electric grids and
improvement of heating, cooking, and cold storage systems; improvement of physical
and virtual mobility, as well as speed of information transfer; replacement of
dangerous, exhausting, and monotonous work by machines or robots; improvement of
occupational health; reduction of duration of the workweek and immense growth in
economic performance; slow increase of general education, specialised knowledge, and
of the world intellectual property index; increase of the amount of published scientific
papers per annum; general IQ gains; increase of chip performance; progress in risk
management, quality of prognoses, forecasts, and of early warning systems, thus
preventing damages to life and property; improved performance of artificial
photosynthesis and of solar cells; and immense progress in basic research concerning
e.g. genomics, the subatomic world, material science, geosciences, aero- and
astronautics, and cosmology.
PENERAPAN DATA MINING MENGGUNAKAN PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA GREEDY DENGAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA PADA PREDIKSI RENTET WAKTU HARGA CRUDE PALM OIL
Authors: Puspitasari Desy Ika
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini menerapkan data mining pada prediksi harga CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dengan membandingkan pemodelan optimasi seleksi fitur algoritma genetika dan algoritma greedy pada metode neural network (NN). Prediksi harga CPO dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan investor kelapa sawit, melalui analisa masalah fluktuasi harga CPO time series yang tidak pasti. Guna mempermudah dalam melakukan perhitungan, langkah-langkah dari algoritma Genetika dan algoritma Greedy diimplementasikan dengan program komputer Rapid Miner Studio. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui perbandingan akurasi dengan parameter evaluasi RMSE yang dihasilkan dan waktu eksekusi program yang dibutuhkan oleh algoritma Genetika dan algoritma Greedy dalam menyelesaikan masalah prediksi harga CPO. Hasil pengujian akurasi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode NN optimasi algoritma Genetika secara umum memberikan nilai RMSE yang lebih baik (0,096) dibandingkan algoritma Greedy-forward selection (0,111) dan algoritma Greedy-backward selection (0,101). Akan tetapi jika ditinjau dari waktu eksekusi program yang dibutuhkan dalam menyelesaikan masalah prediksi harga CPO, maka algoritma Genetika membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dari pada algoritma Greedy.Kata Kunci: algoritma Genetika, algoritma Greedy, neural network, prediksi harga CPO, time series.
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI E-REPORT PENGADUAN MASYARAKAT DESIGN PUBLIC COMPLAINT E-REPORT APPLICATION
Authors: Dai Roviana H.
Published: December 2017

Ombudsman RI merupakan lembaga negara yang bertugas menerima laporan dugaan maladministrasi. Ombudsman RI perwakilan provinsi Gorontalo menerima jumlah laporan yang cukup signifikan setiap tahunnya yaitu 122 laporan ditahun 2014, 138 laporan ditahun 2015 dan 146 laporan sepanjang tahun 2016. Tingginya beban penyelesaian laporan setiap Asisten mengakibatkan laporan-laporan jadi tidak tertanggulangi. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengusulkan sebuah sistem yang dapat menjadi early warning system, reminder/pengingat sekaligus membantu dalam monitoring laporan baik oleh internal Ombudsman maupun masyarakat sebagai Pelapor. Sistem yang akan dibuat menggunakan fitur sms gateway dan sistem berbasiskan web. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu dibuatkannya aplikasi e-report yang bisa membantu Pimpinan dan Asisten dalam penanganan laporan pengaduan masyarakat setiap harinya.
THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVE OPERATION SYSTEM USING LECTORA INSPIRE
Authors: Wibawa Setya Chendra
Published: December 2017

The objective this research to produce a valid interactive learning tool and practice based on learning media Lectora Inspire; knowing the student response against the learning tool, and knowing the student learning outcomes after using Lectora inspire learning media. Research and development of the research method using ADDIE model. Research with the learning media to be tested against the 32 student X level of Vocational High School and the subject is operation system. Research analysis results obtained through student response and question form reserved post-test. Validation of results obtained through validation by the validator which consists of one lecturer of Informatics and two teachers in a primary against 83.3% of Planning of Learning validation, validation against reserved posttest of 93.9% and validation against the media learner Lectora inspire of 100%, the results of all the validations that meets the criteria for applied research. The percentage of the average student response against Lectora media inspire 85.9%. While the percentage of student learning results expressed satisfaction with the presentation of graduation of 84.375% means it can be inferred that the media Lectora inspire gets good results and media can be said to be effective as a learning tool to supporting study students.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PRAKTIK INDUSTRI DI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK ELKTRONIKA UNY BERBASIS WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN YII FRAMEWORK
Authors: Subhan Agung Rizki
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Praktik Industri di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektronika Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Pengembangan dilakukan pada Juli 2016 sampai Desember 2016 di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektronika UNY. Pengembangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan model waterfall. Model waterfall terdiri dari analisis kebutuhan sistem, desain sistem, implementasi sistem dan pengujian sistem. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah software Sistem Informasi Manajemen Praktik Industri di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Elektronika UNY berbasis web menggunakan Yii Framework. Fungsionalitas sistem diuji oleh 3 orang penguji yang masing masing menguji 52 fungsi. Dari pengujian tersebut, semua fungsi yang telah diuji dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sehingga, software yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi kebutuhan untuk mengelola pelaksanaan praktik industri.
UJI KELAYAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI UNIT KESEHATAN SEKOLAH BERBASIS WEBSITE DI SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 BANTUL DENGAN FAKTOR KUALITAS MCCALL
Authors: Mandala Daya Prisandi
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahuitingkatkelayakan Sistem Informasi Unit Kesehatan Sekolah Berbasis Website di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahkuantitatif. Prosedur pengujiandalam penelitian ini adalah White-Box Testing, Black-Box Testing, Alpha Testing dan Beta Testing. Objek penelitian ini adalah perangkat lunak Sistem Informasi Unit Kesehatan Sekolah Berbasis Website di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperolehdariujikelayakan terhadap Sistem Informasi Unit Kesehatan Sekolah Berbasis Website di SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul dengan menggunakan faktor kualitas McCall, diperoleh hasil kelayakan oleh ahli menyatakan Layak dan pengguna menyatakan Sangat Layak untuk digunakan.
ANALYSIS ON INDONESIA'S FULFILLMENT OF OBLIGATIONS RISING FROM INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
Authors: Merdekawati Agustina , Ant. T. T Andi Sandi
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis research aims to examine the positions of international law and the applicable principles regarding the issues of fulfillment of international obligations under ratified/acceded international agreements by Indonesia. Upon assessment, this research concludes that: Firstly, there are two main obligations that should be fulfilled by Indonesia in an international agreement and treaties, which is legal obligation and moral obligation. Secondly, practices shown that Indonesia’s commitments in fulfilling its international obligation are still not optimal, as a solution, it is recommended that future ratification of international agreement should include additional executorial / performance provision either in the form of Law or Presidential Regulation.IntisariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana ketentuan hukum internasional mengatur persoalan kewajiban hukum negara terhadap pemenuhan perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi/diaksesi dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik yang Indonesia terkait pemenuhan kewajiban tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, bahwa terdapat 2 kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap negara pihak terkait dengan pemenuhan Perjanjian Internasional yakni kewajiban hukum dan kewajiban moral. Kedua, bahwa praktik pelaksanaan kewajiban pemenuhan Perjanjian Internasional di Indonesia masih kurang optimal dan sebagai solusinya dapat ditambahkan beberapa penegasan untuk pemenuhan berbagai kewajiban tersebut dalam bentuk penambahan klausula dalam produk pengesahan perjanjian internasional baik yang berupa Undang­Undang Ratifikasi maupun Peraturan Presiden.
PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PROSTITUSI BERBASIS MASYARAKAT ADAT DALIHAN NA TOLU
Authors: Siregar Kondar , Pelly Usman , Sadat Anwar
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIt’s way before the decree of prostitution and pornography enforced in Indonesia, the Dalihan na Tolu customs had their own regulation in preventing prostitution phenomenon. Dalihan na Tolu consist of 3 elements as it is understood as three poles in traditional burning-stove which cooperating to each other, this is also applied to prostitution prevention. In every prevention of these prostitution practices, they lean on the philosophy of :”Somba mar Mora, Elek mar Anak Boru, Manat-manat mar Kahanggi”. Dalihan na Tolu custom has a principles that one cannot speak careless words or act in imprudent behaviour in front of the public.INTISARIJauh sebelum lahirnya undang-undang tentang prostitusi dan pornografi di Indonesia, ternyata masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu telah memiliki aturan tersendiri dalam melakukan pencegahan tindak prostitusi. Masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu terdiri dari 3 unsur layaknya seperti tiga tungku yang saling bekerjasama dalam berbagai hal, termasuk dalam pencegahan tindak prostitusi. Dalam setiap pencegahan praktek prostitusi, mereka berpatokan pada filosofi:”Somba mar Mora, Elek mar Anak Boru, Manat-manat mar Kahanggi”. Masyarakat adat Dalihan na Tolu menganut prinsip bahwa seseorang tidak akan sembarangan bicara, apalagi bertindak sembrono di hadapan orang lain, karena masing-masing mengerti tentang hubungan kekerabatan satu dengan lainnya.
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MIGRANT WORKERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Badarulzaman Muhammad Hafiz , Ayub Zainal A , Yusoff Zuryati M , Wahab Harlida A
Published: December 2017

AbstractMigrant workers are often discriminated against in almost every aspect of life. Discrimination against them is due to irrational dislike of them and also negative perception towards them. It is alleged that migrant workers contribute to the crimes hike in Malaysia. Using doctrinal research methodology, this article discusses direct and perceptive discrimination against them. This article concludes that physical discriminations are mostly happened because ineffective enforcement of the law, abuse of powers and human-trafficking problem. Besides, migrant workers have not being major contributor to crime hike. Malaysia should introduce comprehensive migration law and strengthen the monitoring of recruitment agencies.
Dinamika Kedudukan Interface di Pesisir Kabupaten Kebumen, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Purnama Setyawan
Published: December 2017

Abstrak Interface adalah mintakat pertemuan antara air laut yang bersifat asin dan airtanah di daratan yang bersifat tawar. Interface tidak ditemukan dalam wilayah yang tegas, namun merupakan wilayah percampuran antara air tawar dan air asin, sehingga keberadaan interface tidak bersifat statis melainkan dinamis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui dan menganalisis kedudukan interface di Pesisir Kabupaten Kebumen dan (2) menganalisis dinamika kedudukan interface selama kurun waktu 21 tahun yaitu tahun 1993 dan 2014. Kedudukan interface diketahui berdasarkan pendugaan geolistrik rangkaian Schlumberger. Pendugaan dilakukan pada lokasi dan jalur yang sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Simoen dkk. (1993), yaitu pada (1) jalur Salak-Petanahan-Munggu-Gadung-Pantai Petanahan, (2) jalur Tambakrejo-Jeblok-Prajuritan-Adikarto-Pantai Kebumen dan (3) jalur Sinungrejo-Sidoluhur-Bener-Kaibon-Ambal dan Pantai Kutowinangun. Perbandingan hasil pendugaan interface di kedua waktu tersebut akan diketahui perbedaan dan persamaan kedalaman interface pada masing-masing titik pengukuran dalam selang waktu 21 tahun dan selanjutnya dapat dianalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian  menemukan adanya lapisan airtanah tawar mulai kedalaman 2 hingga 10 meter dari permukaan tanah. Berbeda dengan di tahun 1993, hasil pendugaan di tahun 2014 tidak mendeteksi adanya interface di semua jalur pengukuran. Tidak terdeteksinya interface disebabkan kedudukan interface semakin dalam akibat desakan airtanah tawar yang semakin kuat. AbstractAn interface is a zone where seawater (salt) and inland groundwater (fresh) meet. It has no distinct boundaries because it is formed by a mixture of fresh and saltwater. Therefore, the presence of interface is not static or somewhat dynamic. This research aimed to (1) identify and analyze the position of salt-freshwater interface in the Coast of Kebuman Regency and (2) analyze the dynamics of the said interface at a timespan of 21 years, i.e., in 1993 and 2014. The position was estimated using geoelectrical sounding with Schlumberger arrangement. The estimation was conducted in the locations and along the lines that were determined based on the research performed by Simoen et al. (1993). The lines traversed the following areas (1) Salak-Petanahan-Munggu-Gadung-Petanahan Coast, (2) Tambakrejo-Jeblok-Prajuritan-Adikarto-Kebumen Coast, and (3) the Sinungrejo-Sidoluhur-Bener-Kaibon-Ambal-Kutowinangun Coast. The comparison of the estimated interfaces in two observation years yielded depth differences and similarities at every measurement point. This information, then, provided the underlying factors of the dynamic interface. The research found a freshwater layer at a depth of 2 to 10 m from the soil surface. Unlike the estimation results in 1993, the ones in 2014 did not detect any presence of interface in all of the measurement lines. The interface was undetected because it lowered as the pressure of fresh groundwater became stronger.
Viabilidade econômica da terceirização ou compra de frota de veículos para empresa de fertilizantes minerais
Authors: Diniz João Bosco , Paixão Michel Augusto Santana
Published: December 2017

A redução dos custos operacionais de frotas de veículos rodoviários no Brasil, bem como a realização de investimentos nessa área, são de extrema importância para a competitividade das empresas do setor. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise de dados comparativos entre os custos de uma frota própria de uma empresa de fertilizantes minerais com a opção de frota terceirizada, utilizando o método de Valor Presente Líquido [VPL], descrevendo os procedimentos, e analisando os resultados para verificar qual opção geraria mais lucro para a empresa, sendo a escolha por frota própria a mais lucrativa.
Economicidade da idade de reforma de canaviais
Authors: Gomes Júnio , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano
Published: December 2017

A reforma de canaviais é, atualmente, uma decisão, fundamentalmente técnica, calcada na experiência de técnicos, sobretudo, no uso de importantes indicadores subsidiadores dessa tomada de decisão, para fins de obtenção de lucro e, portanto, é fundamental o uso de instrumentos de análise que possam auxiliar na gestão de projetos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo aplicar o uso de indicadores de análise econômica de projetos, avaliando os retornos financeiros de um ciclo do canavial, em diferentes estágios de corte, visando determinar o estágio de corte que oferecesse o ponto econômico mais adequado para a sua reforma e a possibilidade de indicar o seu uso como opção rápida, segura e prática na decisão de reforma do canavial. Alguns dados, indicadores de produção, definidos como premissas básicas, serviram para os cálculos do Valor Presente Líquido com datas diferentes [XVPL] e do Valor Presente Líquido Anual [VPLA] para um canavial da região tradicional do Centro-Sul do Brasil. O VPLA foi utilizado, por ser um método que compara projetos com períodos diferentes o que o fez relevante para solução do problema proposto neste trabalho. Após análise, sem variar os indicadores, verificou-se que a reforma do canavial pode ser feita no sétimo corte. Quando foi estudada a variação de diferentes indicadores de produção e cenários, em análise de sensibilidade, houve alternância do ponto econômico ideal para reforma, indicando, portanto, mudança do estágio de corte ideal de reforma, isso indica que a ferramenta é prática, flexível, podendo auxiliar e, ser indicada na tomada de decisão de reforma de canaviais pelos produtores e gestores do setor.
Como nos tornamos professores de Geografia: discurso ordenado, prática neoliberal
Authors: Batista Bruno Nunes
Published: December 2017

Este artigo, elaboração parcial de uma tese de doutorado, discute a organização discursiva do ensino de Geografia na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, realiza a descrição de textos pedagógicos desse componente curricular da primeira metade do século XX no Brasil, através do método arqueológico de Michel Foucault. O trabalho que se faz opera por meio do periódico Boletim Geográfico, publicação de destaque nacional na formação de professores a partir da década de 1940. Desse regresso, duas constatações. Primeiro, um discurso ordenado que se mantém até os dias atuais, sistematizado pelo jogo contraditório entre a didática tradicional e as pedagogias ativas. Segundo, uma rede de enunciados e estratégias que sinalizavam uma prática neoliberal, que se iniciava nos discursos pedagógicos, e que hoje é hegemônica. Assim, com a intenção de formar sujeitos consumidores, flexíveis, empreendedores e empresários de si mesmos, o ensino de Geografia muitas vezes vem estando a serviço da economia de mercado.
Ações afirmativas no Brasil: considerações acerca das cotas raciais na universidade
Authors: Silva Maurício
Published: December 2017

As ações afirmativas tornaram-se, no atual contexto brasileiro, mais do que uma mera concessão governamental, no âmbito de políticas públicas universalistas, mas um imperativo inequivocamente direcionado para sanar distorções historicamente construídas em relação à população brasileira afrodescendente, por meio de medidas compensatórias. Uma destas medidas são as chamadas cotas raciais, discutidas neste artigo a partir de seu relacionamento com o ensino universitário público e da ideologia da meritocracia. Nesse contexto, as ações afirmativas podem ser consideradas exemplos de políticas focais em benefício de grupos historicamente discriminados e excluídos social e economicamente, não dizendo respeito apenas à questão étnico-racial, mas tendo, ao contrário, um alcance bem maior, na medida em que se podem vincular a questões educacionais (bolsas de estudo, cotas, financiamento educativo), de saúde (condição pessoal, faixa etária), financeiras (participação e distribuição de terras e habitação), identidade (gênero, opção sexual) e muitas outras.
Development of Step-by-Step Mathematical and Algorithmic Support of the Management Model for the Training of Engineering Manpower
Authors: Goltsova O B , Goltsova E V , Sozonova N A
Published: December 2017

В настоящее время остро стоит проблема несоответствия профессиональных компетенций выпускников вузов с реальными требованиями рынка. Для решения проблемы необходимо разработать целый ряд новых научных решений, которые помогут повысить качество высшего образования в России. Прежде всего необходимо создать условия в вузах страны для перехода к индивидуальному обучению студентов. Индивидуальный подход к обучению позволит студентам выбирать часть дисциплин учебного плана, ориентируясь на свои потребности и будущего работодателя. Так как вовлечение работодателя в учебный процесс является важным фактором качественного образования, авторы попытались выявить основные проблемы функционального взаимодействия вузовской системы с производственной. В рамках статьи представлена концептуальная модель, в которой предложен метод повышения эффективности взаимосвязи учебного процесса и работодателя. Реализация метода осуществляется посредством алгоритма, который позволяет повысить объективность оценки учебного плана, тем самым улучшить работу по его корректировке согласно требованиям работодателей. Также представлена математическая модель, с помощью которой можно определить, какие дисциплины и в каком объеме необходимо изучать студенту, чтобы освоить требуемую профессиональную компетенцию.
Medical Social Characteristics of Families Living in a Small Town
Authors: Dymova I A , Karoyian A A
Published: December 2017

Представлена медико-социальная характеристика и условия среды пребывания и воспитания детей первого года жизни, уровень медицинской активности семей, проживающих в малом промышленном городе. Почти половина семей имеют доход ниже прожиточного уровня, и бόльшая часть их проживает на площади ниже минимальных санитарных норм. Выявлены наиболее значимые факторы образа жизни семьи, характеризующие различные аспекты семейного уклада, влияющие на состояние здоровья детей. Санитарно-гигиеническая грамотность родителей в организации ухода за ребенком первого года жизни явно недостаточная. Родители не владеют необходимым объемом знаний, что послужило завышением оценки своей деятельности по организации ухода за ребенком. Выявлено, что большая часть населения имеет низкий уровень условий жизни и благосостояния, низкий уровень социальной и медицинской активности при достаточно высоком уровне образования матерей и отцов.
Method of Determination of Microcutting Process Parameters in Grinding
Authors: Pereladov A B , Dmitrieva O V , Kamkin I P
Published: December 2017

Изменение геометрической формы абразивного инструмента в результате износа рабочей поверхности (РП) абразивного инструмента и затупления вершин режущих зерен приводит к существенным изменениям статистических показателей их распределения в объеме рабочего слоя шлифовального круга. Исследование процесса взаимодействия абразивного инструмента с заготовкой и определение параметров процесса с учетом характеристик и текущих состояний рабочей поверхности инструмента позволили разработать расчетные методики для определения оптимальной прочности закрепления абразивных зерен на рабочей поверхности шлифовального круга и силовых показателей процесса шлифования. Описаны методика исследования и приведены результаты, содержащие данные о параметрах взаимодействия вершин активных абразивных зерен шлифовального круга с заготовкой в зоне их контакта. Исследования проводились с использованием разработанных компьютерных геометрических и статистико-вероятностных моделей рабочей поверхности инструмента и процесса обработки, созданных с использованием инженерной 3D САПР T-Flex CAD. Применение компьютерных моделей позволило определить форму и размеры сечения срезаемых стружек с учетом параметров режима шлифования и характеристик инструмента. Применение предложенной методики, разработанной при использовании базовых математических моделей, позволило определить дискретные и интегральные показатели микрорезания процесса абразивной обработки. В ходе исследований в расчетах использован комплексный параметр γ, характеризующий удельную производительность единицы площади рабочей поверхности инструмента. Проведенный регрессионный анализ в программном пакете STATISTICA10 с целью оценки влияния изменения исследуемых факторов на показатели взаимодействия инструмента с заготовкой позволил получить зависимости плотности вершин активных зерен в зоне контакта r и средних сил резания зернами Ррt от комплексного коэффициента g.
Research of Cutting Processes Using the Lorentz Equation System
Authors: Ostapchuk A K , Kuznetsova E M , Dmitrieva O V
Published: December 2017

В настоящей работе проведено научное исследование вопроса устойчивости технологической обрабатывающей системы с разработкой математической модели - модели Лоренца. Модель построена на основе параметрического метода, разрабатываемого И. Пригожиным, а также основных законов, описывающих поведение динамических систем трения. Модель показывает, что в системе трения, включающей подсистему резца и подсистему собственного трения, при определенных условиях формируются хаотические аттракторы, что свидетельствует о присутствии детерминированного хаоса в системе. Приведены интервалы значений управляющего параметра, при которых формируется устойчивое или неустойчивое поведение в системе. Оценка параметров проведена с помощью уточненного метода Эйлера в программном пакете Mathcad15.
Experimental Methods for Determination of Transmission Ratio of Plunger Transmissions with Pneumohydraulic Wave Generator
Authors: Karakulov M N , Isupov M G , Melnikov A S , Zharkova A A
Published: December 2017

В настоящее время накоплен определенный опыт использования плунжерных передач в приводах управления арматурой газонефтепроводов. При использовании таких приводов для регулирования потока транспортируемой среды кинематическая погрешность редуцирующего узла оказывает существенное влияние на их характеристики. Вопросы, связанные с экспериментальным определением кинематической погрешности редуцирующих узлов приводов, использующих потенциальную энергию транспортируемой среды, изучены мало. Предлагается метод экспериментального определения передаточного отношения плунжерной передачи. Приводятся результаты определения кинематической погрешности плунжерной передачи экспериментального образца изделия с газомеханическим генератром волн. Описывается функциональная структура стенда для проведения экспериментальных исследований передаточного отношения плунжерных передач, работающих в составе изделий, оснащенных газомеханическим генератором волн. Проводится анализ особенностей применения газомеханического волнообразователя с золотниковым принципом распределения давления. Выявляются особенности проведения эксперимента в связи с отсутствием необходимости решения задачи, направленной на определение явных частот вращения вала золотника и зубчатого колеса. Рассматривается последовательность обработки результатов экспериментального определения передаточного отношения и выявления цикла и полуцикла повторения собственной кинематической погрешности плунжерной передачи. Оценивается достоверность результатов эксперимента, определяется его относительная и абсолютная погрешности.
Research of Incentive Measures to Support the Creation and Development of Industrial Parks at the Federal and Regional Levels
Authors: Simchenko O L
Published: December 2017

В качестве одной из целей государственной политики в настоящее время закреплено приоритетное развитие регионов. В связи с тем, что в настоящее время регионы находятся в разных условиях бюджетной обеспеченности и не всегда имеется возможность выделения средств из федеральных и региональных бюджетов на реализацию программ или мероприятий, направленных на развитие промышленности, включая развитие промышленной инфраструктуры, требуются новые механизмы взаимодействия федеральных и региональных органов власти. Исследованы существующие меры поддержки создания и развития индустриальных парков как перспективного на сегодняшний день направления промышленной инфраструктуры субъектов Российской Федерации, позволяющего эффективным образом задействовать в регионах имеющиеся образовательные, научные, производственные и испытательные возможности для разработки и производства продукции различного назначения. Особое внимание в работе уделяется функциональной систематизации мер поддержки индустриальных парков. Представлены результаты оценки приоритетности реализации мер финансовой и нефинансовой поддержки индустриальных парков пилотными и остальными регионами. На основе данных анкетирования выведен средний балл по каждому из мероприятий. Отмечены наиболее востребованные и первоочередные к реализации меры поддержки индустриальных парков на федеральном и региональном уровнях с целью повышения промышленного потенциала.
Modeling of Business Processes During the Restructuring of a Construction Company
Authors: Chukunova I V , Taranukha N L
Published: December 2017

Рассматриваются этапы моделирования бизнес-процессов при реорганизации строительного предприятия, благодаря которым повышается его конкурентоспособность на строительном рынке. Реструктуризация - это изменение структуры, масштабов и видов деятельности предприятия в целях обеспечения эффективного формирования, распределения и использования экономических ресурсов. Процесс реструктуризации включает в себя осуществление необходимого комплекса мероприятий организационного, производственного, управленческого и финансового характера. Множество фирм рано или поздно проходят процедуру реструктуризации. Причины могут быть различные: изменения в законодательстве, падение конкурентоспособности, увеличение масштабов деятельности фирмы и др. Даже успешному предприятию необходимо с определенной периодичностью проходить процедуру реструктуризации с целью оптимизации бизнес-процессов. Строительный рынок, как и любой другой, неизбежно переносит череду изменений и преобразований, а предприятие, в свою очередь, обязано соответствовать потребностям рынка. Во избежание лишних трудовых и финансовых ресурсов при реструктуризации строительного предприятия используют метод моделирования бизнес-процессов, который позволяет заблаговременно предупредить возможные ошибки, защитить от угроз, а также минимизировать риски. Моделирование позволяет руководящим органам сформировать программу реструктуризации, способствующую выходу предприятия из кризисной ситуации и направленную на повышение эффективности производства с минимальными потерями. Моделирование бизнес-процессов выступает как объективная оценка деятельности предприятия и в то же время как инструмент проектно-инвестиционных решений в соответствии с потребностями рынка. На практике модернизация строительного производства путем реструктуризации позволяет детально проанализировать структуру предприятия, выявить существующий потенциал и устранить недостатки, благодаря чему предприятие может вновь эффективно функционировать на рынке.
Experimental Method for Determination of Boundary Conditions of Heat Exchange in Parts of External Combustion Engines
Authors: Kulinkov V A , Syakterev V N , Syaktereva V V , Okhilkov I L
Published: December 2017

Представлено обоснование экспериментального метода определения граничных условий теплообмена в камере сгорания двигателей внутреннего сгорания. Показано, что, несмотря на большие возможности современных численных методов определения теплового состояния деталей двигателей и имеющихся на их основе современных интегрированных пакетов, точность получаемых результатов определения теплового состояния деталей двигателя, образующих камеру сгорания, зависит от точности экспериментального определения граничных условий теплообмена. Граничными условиями теплообмена для дифференциального уравнения, описывающего процесс нестационарной теплоотдачи от рабочего тела к стенкам деталей, образующих камеру сгорания двигателя, являются значения мгновенного коэффициента теплоотдачи от газа к стенкам деталей камеры сгорания, температура газа в камере сгорания, мгновенная температура поверхности деталей камеры сгорания и температурный градиент по нормали к поверхности деталей. Для определения коэффициента теплоотдачи от газа к стенкам деталей, образующих камеру сгорания двигателя, разработан метод измерения температуры пламени в камере сгорания на основе пирометрии спектрального отношения со специальной оптической системой с интерференционными светофильтрами. Для измерения мгновенной температуры поверхности деталей камеры сгорания и температурного градиента по нормали к поверхности деталей разработана пленочная термопара и проведено исследование ее динамических характеристик. Для проведения экспериментальных исследований разработана усилительно-регистрирующая аппаратура и проведено экспериментальное измерение основных параметров теплообмена в камере сгорания двигателя. Полученные результаты подтверждают эффективность предложенных методов для экспериментального определения граничных условий теплообмена в двигателях внутреннего сгорания.
Um olhar sobre a violação dos direitos humanos na construção da usina hidrelétrica São Roque
Authors: De Campos Antônio Valmor , Wizniewsky Cármen Rejane Flores , De Campos Jane Acordi
Published: December 2017

O presente estudo trata da violação dos direitos humanos na construção da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) São Roque, em construção no rio Canoas, entre os municípios de Vargem e São José do Cerrito em Santa Catarina. O embasamento empírico decorre de diálogos individuais, encontros, mobilizações e documentos produzidos pelos próprios atingidos. O embasamento teórico é respaldado em diversos documentos de comissões de direitos humanos que analisaram as violações de direitos humanos em outras obras, além dos tratados e acordos internacionais dos quais o Brasil é signatário e os incorporou em sua legislação. Também são demonstrados os principais direitos negados aos atingidos e como se concretiza a violação de direitos humanos nesse caso. Ainda é realizada uma discussão sobre o papel do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) na luta em defesa dos direitos dos atingidos e sua legitimidade de representação. Também se propõe uma sugestão de conceituação de atingido e dos mecanismos necessários para a garantia de seus direitos. Por fim, indica um conjunto de procedimentos que deveria ser tomado para cessar as violações de direitos humanos na finalização da obra e em seu funcionamento.
A nonequilibrium quantum phase transition in strongly coupled spin chains
Authors: Mascarenhas Eduardo , Giudice Giacomo , Savona Vincenzo
Published: December 2017

We study spin transport in a boundary driven XXZ spin chain. Driving at the chain boundaries is modeled by two additional spin chains prepared in oppositely polarized states. Emergent behavior, both in the transient dynamics and in the long-time quasi-steady state, is demonstrated. Time-dependent matrix-product-state simulations of the system-bath state show ballistic spin transport below the Heisenberg isotropic point. Indications of exponentially vanishing transport are found above the Heisenberg point for low energy initial states while the current decays asymptotically as a power law for high energy states. Precisely at the critical point, non-ballistic transport is observed. Finally, it is found that the sensitivity of the quasi-stationary state on the initial state of the chain is a good witness of the different transport phases.
Palavras de ordem e resistência: a linguagem em questão (Slogans and resistance: the language in question)
Authors: Mateus Antonio Carlos Clemente
Published: December 2017

Este artigo relaciona Linguística com Filosofia para discutir a resistência da linguagem literária às palavras de ordem que aprisionam o homem ao consenso formado pela mídia. O texto toma como ponto de partida a permanência do cinismo na arte para depois avaliar como se dá a relação entre a criação e o ato resistência. Em seguida, aplicamos o conceito de resistência à leitura da narrativa Reprodução de Bernardo Carvalho.
A linguagem do fora: a interface entre drogas lícitas e ilícitas em saúde mental (An outside language: an interface between legal and illegal drugs in mental health care)
Authors: Rodrigues Sandro , Passos Eduardo
Published: December 2017

O artigo discute uma política narrativa para tratar da relação entre psicotrópicos lícitos e ilícitos nas práticas de cuidado em saúde mental, articulando psicodelia e literatura beat com a participação dos autores em uma pesquisa multicêntrica sobre Gestão Autônoma da Medicação (GAM) – abordagem de intervenção em saúde mental surgida no Canadá, nos anos 1990. O artigo desenvolve, a partir da interface entre drogas prescritas e proscritas trabalhada na GAM como fora-eixo, aspectos estéticos e políticos de uma linguagem do fora, em sua potência de interromper ou alterar as cadeias associativas usualmente acionadas pelo tema drogas.
Corpo e linguagem (Body and language)
Authors: Quinet Antonio
Published: December 2017

O corpo imaginário não é apanágio do corpo humano, pois como res extensa ele pode ser medido e pesado como qualquer objeto do mundo fenomênico: corpo, cadeira, mesa, lápis. Assim como se pode descrever suas características e atributos como de qualquer objeto. O corpo humano é mais um objeto do mundo fenomênico. O corpo simbólico não é tampouco necessariamente o corpo vivo, pois o cadáver também tem essas características. Ele está preso na cadeia da linguagem e é mortificado pelo significante ao ser tomado no registro simbólico. O significante mapeia o corpo e nele escreve a história e a anatomia histérica próprias a cada um. O corpo é um corpo histoérico. Mas esse corpo pode estar morto ou vivo, estar calado no silêncio da pulsão de morte ou vibrar com Eros. Para estar vivo este corpo precisa ser também um corpo que goza. Deste modo o corpo está nos três registros: no imaginário do espaço, no simbólico da linguagem e goza como corpo real.