bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modified Constitutive Model With Grain Rotation for Superplastic Forming of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
Authors: Yang Junzhou , Wu Jianjun , Yang Dongshen , Wang Qishuai , Wang Kaiwei , Zhang Zengkun , Wang Mingzhi , Muzamil Muhammad
Published: October 2019

A physically based constitutive model with internal state variables (ISVs) is established, it is used to describe the flow stress and microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in the superplastic forming (SPF). The ISVs in the constitutive model includes the dislocation density, grain size, and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization. The flow stress consists of σfd, σta, and σGB, which are related to forest dislocation, thermal activation, and grain boundary sliding (GBS), respectively. The material constants of the constitutive model are determined, and the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. A modeling method path to optimize the flow stress model is established, which is on the basis of the errors between the predicted and experimental flow stresses. In the modified flow stress constitutive model, the grain rotation (GR) is applied as a hardening mechanism, and the void is treated as a softening mechanism. A new GR model is proposed to describe the flow stress which is related to the GR. The modified constitutive model can accurately predict the evolution of yield stress, grain size and flow stress in SPF. With the calculation results of the multi-scales constitutive model, the mechanism of Ti–6Al–4V in SPF is discussed, and a new deformation map with dominant mechanisms for Ti–6Al–4V is obtained.
A new species of Tetranycopsis is described and the genus Mesobryobia (Acari: Tetranychidae, Bryobiinae) reported from Hungary for the first time

Authors: Kontschán Jeno , Kiss Enikő , Ripka Géza
Published: October 2019

A new Tetranycopsis species, Tetranycopsis vertesiensis sp. n., is described from Central-Hungary on grasses (Poaceae) based on females. The new species differs from the previously described congeners in the length of dorsal setae, all setae (except v1 and v2) similar in shape and length and number of setae on femur of leg I (10), which is a unique character combination within the genus Tetranycopsis. The first Central-European record of the genus Mesobryobia is presented. Specimens of Mesobryobia terpoghossiani (Bagdasarian, 1959) were collected in two different places in Hungary.
Two new species of Colomerini (Acariformes: Eriophyidae: Cecidophyinae) associated with Combretum and Bauhinia plants from China

Authors: Tan Meng Chao , Ruan Hong Yan , Wang Guo Quan
Published: October 2019

Two new species of the tribe Colomerini from China are described and illustrated. These species are Isoannulus baishaensis sp. nov. collected from Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps (Combretaceae), and Gammaphytoptus diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. found on Bauhinia sp. (Leguminosae). All are vagrants causing no damage to the host plants.
Residual stress measurement of {112}-oriented CrN layers in CrN/Cr multilayer films
Authors: Kusaka Kazuya , Shirasaka Kenta , Yonekura Daisuke , Tanaka Yuta
Published: October 2019

In this work, the authors propose and verify a method of measuring the residual stress of {112}-oriented chromium nitride (CrN) layers in CrN/Cr multilayer thin films. The CrN layers of a CrN/Cr multilayer film deposited on a Ti6Al4V substrate by arc ion plating form both a randomly oriented mixed crystal structure and a {112}-oriented structure. Therefore, accurate stress measurement of the CrN layers cannot be performed by applying the sin2 ψ x-ray method assuming an isotropic homogeneous material. To overcome this obstacle, the proposed method to measure the residual stress uses four CrN-422 diffractions: at ψ = 0°, 33.56°, 48.19°, and 60.00°. Next, the authors vary the density of Cr droplets on the film surface to evaluate how it affects the residual stress in the CrN/Cr multilayer film. The results indicate that the Cr layer has a residual compressive stress of −350 to −530 MPa and that the two CrN layers have a very large residual compressive stress of −3.5 to −8.2 GPa. In addition, both residual compressive stresses decrease with increasing droplet density.
Does Mathematical Coupling Matter to the Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio? A Case Study From Elite Sport
Authors: Coyne Joseph O.C. , Nimphius Sophia , Newton Robert U. , Haff G. Gregory
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Criticisms of the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR) have been that the mathematical coupling inherent in the traditional calculation of the ACWR results in a spurious correlation. The purposes of this commentary are (1) to examine how mathematical coupling causes spurious correlations and (2) to use a case study from actual monitoring data to determine how mathematical coupling affects the ACWR. Methods: Training and competition workload (TL) data were obtained from international-level open-skill (basketball) and closed-skill (weightlifting) athletes before their respective qualifying tournaments for the 2016 Olympic Games. Correlations between acute TL, chronic TL, and the ACWR as coupled/uncoupled variations were examined. These variables were also compared using both rolling averages and exponentially weighted moving averages to account for any potential benefits of one calculation method over another. Results: Although there were some significant differences between coupled and uncoupled chronic TL and ACWR data, the effect sizes of these differences were almost all trivial (g = 0.04–0.21). Correlations ranged from r = .55 to .76, .17 to .53, and .88 to .99 for acute to chronic TL, acute to uncoupled chronic TL, and ACWR to uncoupled ACWR, respectively. Conclusions: There may be low risk of mathematical coupling causing spurious correlations in the TL–injury-risk relationship. Varying levels of correlation seem to exist naturally between acute and chronic TL variables regardless of coupling. The trivial to small effect sizes and large to nearly perfect correlations between coupled and uncoupled AWCRs also imply that mathematical coupling may have little effect on either calculation method, if practitioners choose to apply the ACWR for TL monitoring purposes.
Longitudinal Changes in the Physical Development of Elite Adolescent Rugby Union Players: Effect of Playing Position and Body Mass Change
Authors: Casserly Niall , Neville Ross , Ditroilo Massimiliano , Grainger Adam
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The well-being of elite rugby union players has been intensely scrutinised in recent years. Understanding the longitudinal development of physical traits in junior players, alongside the moderating effect of simultaneous increases in body mass, can aid in improving programming and ultimately help junior players prepare for the demands of senior rugby. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal physical development of elite adolescent backs and forwards in a professional rugby union academy. Methods: A total of 15 players (age, 17.0 [0.2] y; body mass, 90 [14] kg; height, 183 [9] cm; n = 7 backs, n = 8 forwards) completed anthropometric measures and 3 primary performance assessments (countermovement jump, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, and 10-m speed) at baseline, year 2, and year 3. Mixed modelling was used to assess player development over time and differences in this development by playing position. Magnitude-based inferencing was used to assess the uncertainty in the effects. Results: There was a substantial increase in countermovement jump height for both groups combined (0.9, ±0.4; standardized improvement, ±90% confidence limits; most likely substantial). Forwards exhibited a moderate-sized decrease in speed (−1.0, ±0.5; very likely substantial), and there was a large difference between groups with regards to speed change with backs outperforming forwards (1.5, ±0.9; very likely substantial). For forward, body mass change had a large negative association with 10-m speed (−1.9, ±0.7; most likely substantial) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 change (−1.2, ±0.9; very likely substantial). Conclusion: These findings provide novel normative data for longitudinal changes in junior rugby union players and suggest that coaches should account for changes in body mass when targeting increases in speed and aerobic fitness.
Mud in storied ice core hints at a thawed Greenland
Authors: Voosen Paul
Published: October 2019

Dirty base of Camp Century ice core warns of future ice sheet retreat.
Alien comets may be common, analysis of 2I/Borisov suggests
Authors: Gibbs W. Wayt
Published: October 2019

A dozen interstellar objects may be passing near the Sun.
Gates and NIH join forces on HIV and sickle cell diseases
Authors: Cohen Jon , Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: October 2019

A unique marriage aims to speed development of simple DNA-based cures.
DOE readies multibillion-dollar AI push
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: October 2019

U.S. supercomputing leader is the latest big backer in a globally crowded field.
How measles causes the body to ‘forget’ past infections
Authors: Frederick Eva
Published: October 2019

With cases rising around the world, studies underscore the importance of widespread vaccination.
Parents weigh promise and risks of germline editing
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: October 2019

A CRISPR edit of their embryos could correct a mutation that causes hearing loss, but is the risk worth it?
A generalized HIV vaccine design strategy for priming of broadly neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Steichen Jon M. , Lin Ying-Cing , Havenar-Daughton Colin , Pecetta Simone , Ozorowski Gabriel , Willis Jordan R. , Toy Laura , Sok Devin , Liguori Alessia , Kratochvil Sven , Torres Jonathan L. , Kalyuzhniy Oleksandr , Melzi Eleonora , Kulp Daniel W. , Raemisch Sebastian , Hu Xiaozhen , Bernard Steffen M. , Georgeson Erik , Phelps Nicole , Adachi Yumiko , Kubitz Michael , Landais Elise , Umotoy Jeffrey , Robinson Amanda , Briney Bryan , Wilson Ian A. , Burton Dennis R. , Ward Andrew B. , Crotty Shane , Batista Facundo D. , Schief William R.
Published: October 2019

Engineering better bnAbs

A highly effective HIV vaccine has been the goal of vaccinologists for nearly 35 years. A successful vaccine would need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that are capable of neutralizing multiple HIV strains (see the Perspective by Agazio and Torres). Steichen
et al.
report a strategy in which the first vaccine shot can lead to immune responses that generate desired bnAbs. By combining knowledge of human antibody repertoires and structure to guide design, they validated candidate immunogens through functional preclinical testing. Saunders
et al.
designed immunogens with differences in binding strength for bnAb precursors, which enabled selection of rare mutations after immunization. The immunogens promoted bnAb precursor maturation in humanized mice and macaques.

Science
, this issue p.
eaax4380
, p.
eaay7199
; see also p.
1197
Mapping footprints of past genetic exchange
Authors: Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: October 2019

Widespread mating between species creates mosaic genomes in
Heliconius
butterflies
Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing of Influenza Virus Direct from Clinical Respiratory Samples
Authors: Lewandowski Kuiama , Xu Yifei , Pullan Steven T. , Lumley Sheila F. , Foster Dona , Sanderson Nicholas , Vaughan Alison , Morgan Marcus , Bright Nicole , Kavanagh James , Vipond Richard , Carroll Miles , Marriott Anthony C. , Gooch Karen E. , Andersson Monique , Jeffery Katie , Peto Timothy E. A. , Crook Derrick W. , Walker A. Sarah , Matthews Philippa C.
Published: October 2019

Influenza is a major global public health threat as a result of its highly pathogenic variants, large zoonotic reservoir, and pandemic potential. Metagenomic viral sequencing offers the potential for a diagnostic test for influenza virus which also provides insights on transmission, evolution, and drug resistance and simultaneously detects other viruses. We therefore set out to apply the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing method to metagenomic sequencing of respiratory samples.
Performance of a Novel Fluorogenic Assay for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing
Enterobacteriaceae
from Bacterial Colonies and Directly from Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Kim Hoon Seok , Kim Jung Ok , Lee Ji Eun , Park Kang Gyun , Lee Hae Kyung , Kim Soo-Young , Min Sun-Joon , Kim Juhyeon , Park Yeon-Joon
Published: October 2019

Rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(CPE) is critical for appropriate treatment and infection control. We compared a rapid fluorogenic assay using a carbapenem-based fluorogenic probe with other phenotypic assays: modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNP), and carbapenemase inhibition test (CIT).
Evaluation of PCR To Monitor Plasmodium falciparum Treatment Efficacy in a Nonendemicity Setting
Authors: Kamaliddin Claire , Joste Valentin , Hubert Véronique , Kendjo Eric , Argy Nicolas , Houze Sandrine
Published: October 2019

Adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) after malaria treatment remains challenging to assess in settings of malaria nonendemicity. Biological evaluation of parasitological clearance relies on microscopic investigation of thick blood smears, which is a specific technique that not all diagnosis laboratories are able to perform.
Rapid Dissemination and Monopolization of Viral Populations in Mice Revealed Using a Panel of Barcoded Viruses
Authors: McCune Broc T. , Lanahan Matthew R. , tenOever Benjamin R. , Pfeiffer Julie K.
Published: October 2019

Enteric viruses initiate infection in the gastrointestinal tract but can disseminate to systemic sites. However, the dynamics of viral dissemination are unclear. In this study, we created a library of 135 barcoded coxsackieviruses to examine viral population diversity across time and space following oral inoculation of mice. Overall, we found that the broad population of viruses disseminates early, followed by monopolization of mouse tissues with three or fewer pool members at later time points. Interestingly, we detected virus in systemic tissues such as pancreas and liver just 20 min after oral inoculation. These results suggest rapid dissemination of diverse viral populations, followed by a major restriction in population diversity and monopolization in all examined tissues.
Advanced glycation end products and glycosaminoglycans in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Edriss Hawa , Molehin Adebayo James , Selvan Kavitha , Gavidia Rocio , Patel Parth U , Nugent Kenneth
Published: October 2019

In some patients diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) causes acute endothelial injury and multiorgan failure. Measurement of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) could provide information to help understand the biochemical events associated with poor outcomes in these patients. This study included 37 patients with DKA admitted to an intensive care unit. Blood was collected from these patients during the first day of hospitalization, 24 hours after the first sample, and 72 hours after the first sample when possible. ELISA-based assays were used to measure glucose, hemoglobin A1c, AGE, glycated albumin, and GAG levels in serum. Twenty healthy control subjects with no history of diabetes donated 1 blood sample. Control subjects had a mean age of 36.3±12.1 years; patients with DKA had a mean age of 38.1±18.5 years. Admission laboratory tests in patients with DKA included glucose 546±296 mg/dL, bicarbonate 10.1±5.5 mEq/L, anion gap 31.8±7.8 mEq/L, and creatinine 1.1±1.0 mg/dL. Patients with DKA had significantly higher level glucose and free glycated hemoglobin. Control subjects had significantly higher levels of AGE and glycated albumin. There were no differences in soluble receptor for AGE levels or GAG levels between the control subjects and patients with DKA. Patients with DKA had lower circulating levels of AGE and glycated albumin than control subjects. These results may reflect absorption of these proteins to damaged capillary surfaces or loss of proteins into interstitial spaces secondary to increased endothelial permeability.
Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma: Chasing the Target
Authors: Walewski Jan
Published: October 2019

One of the first achievements of molecular biology in lymphoma science was a discovery of cell of origin (COO) classification around 20 years ago with defining activated B-cell like (ABC) and germinal center B-cell like subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the use of gene expression profiling. These categories were considered important as seemed to present different biology, response to treatment, and prognosis. Immunochemotherapy R-CHOP21 has been a standard of care for 2 decades, and it results in long-term disease-free survival or cure of 60% of patients with DLBCL but efficacy in an individual patient depends on age and other International Prognostic Index clinical risk factors and is within a range of 30% to more than 90%. Clinical attempts to enhance activity of immunochemotherapy in high-risk DLBCL like ABC or others included adding targeted agents to the R-CHOP backbone: bortezomib, lenalidomide, ibrutinib. Unfortunately, randomized clinical trials did not confirm the expected benefit. Recently, advanced molecular techniques were used to classify B-cell lymphomas beyond COO or MYC alterations and correlated with clinical outcome as illustrated by 2 recently published influential studies from the National Institutes of Health and from Dana Farber Cancer Center, USA. Advanced molecular pathogenesis descriptions of DLBCL provide a framework for actionable classifications that should be used for designing future clinical trials and hopefully bring success to treatment of high-risk aggressive lymphoma.
Identifying entrustable professional activities for surgical skills training in companion animal health
Authors: Favier Robert P , Godijn Marjolein , Bok Harold G J
Published: October 2019

Background

Veterinary medical education is increasingly moving towards outcome‐based training based on competency frameworks. A source of concern is the translation of competencies into the practice of clinical teaching, for example, surgical skills training. It is suggested that the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) might bridge this gap. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify EPAs related to surgical skills for companion animal health to enhance competency‐based education.

Methods

Draft versions of EPAs related to surgical skills were established by an iterative consensus‐based approach through 45‐min interview sessions. These draft versions were used to explore the opinion of companion animal veterinarians, both veterinarians (specialists, residents and interns) involved in undergraduate teaching and veterinarians working in private practice involved in extramural clinical teaching, on the relevance and level of entrustment of the EPAs through a modified Delphi procedure. Mean (relevance) and median (level of entrustment) scores were calculated and textual comments were analysed to create a final framework of EPAs related to surgical skills.

Results and conclusion

The Delphi panel reached consensus in three rounds. Thirty‐four per cent of those invited to participate in the study completed the final survey. Finally, a list of 13 EPAs related to companion animal surgical skills a student should be entrusted to perform at time of graduation was established.
Basidiome production of ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic agaricoid fungi respond differently to forest management
Authors: Romano Gonzalo M. , Lechner Bernardo E. , Greslebin Alina G.
Published: October 2019

Forest management generates border effects in mature dense forests. How agaricoid fungi species react to this disturbance depends on climatic and site conditions, as well as forest management system used and its intensity. We compared abundance and richness of ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic species in managed and unmanaged stands in Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser forests of Patagonia, Argentina. We found that basidiome abundance and richness of ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic species were favoured by different forest structure and climatic factors. Ectomycorrhizal species basidiome production was significantly correlated to mean relative humidity of the 15 days prior to sampling and tree density (number of trees per hectare) existing prior to management activities. The latter implies that the tree density an ecosystem is capable of sustaining is crucial to the establishment of ectomycorrhizal species. Saprophytic species were favoured by the increased amount of woody material generated by logging together with maximum temperature in the 15 days prior to sampling and mean annual precipitation. Our results indicate that agaricoid fungi are not affected by low- to medium-intensity forest management, establishing the forestry level that fungal community can tolerate without loss of species in Patagonia.
Migration and disturbance: impact of fencing and development on Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) spring movements in British Columbia
Authors: Maida Jared R. , Bishop Christine A. , Larsen Karl W.
Published: October 2019

Due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, including land-use transformation globally, the natural process of animal migration is undergoing alterations across many taxa. Small-scale migrants provide useful systems at workable scales for investigating the influence of disturbance and landscape barriers on natural movement patterns and migrations. The Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840) in British Columbia, Canada, is a small, migrant predator that undertakes seasonal spring movements from its communal hibernaculum to summer hunting and mating grounds and reverses its movements in autumn. From 2011 to 2016, we examined changes to spring migration movements in 27 male Western Rattlesnakes encountering both mitigative fencing barriers and disturbed habitats. Individuals moving through disturbed habitats or intercepted by mitigative fencing demonstrated shorter migration distances and reduced spring path sinuosity compared with individuals migrating in undisturbed habitats. Specifically, individuals encountering a fence during spring movements completed shorter total spring migration path lengths and occupied smaller home ranges over the course of the entire active season. Total spring migration distance also was strongly associated with the distance that individuals traveled until they first encountered human disturbance. This study contributes significantly to our knowledge of how fencing barriers may impact normal behavioural patterns in smaller vertebrates.
Meissner effect in holographic superconductors with Dirac–Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Authors: Ghorai Debabrata , Gangopadhyay Sunandan , Banerjee Rabin
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we have investigated the Meissner effect of holographic superconductors in the presence of Dirac–Born–Infeld electrodynamics. The matching method is applied to obtain the critical magnetic field and the critical temperature. The critical magnetic field obtained from this investigation shows the effects of the DBI parameter [Formula: see text] and differs from that obtained from Born electrodynamics because of the extra [Formula: see text] term in the Dirac–Born–Infeld theory. It is observed that the critical magnetic field increases in Dirac–Born–Infeld theory compared to that in the Born theory.
AMERICAN OPTION PRICING WITH REGRESSION: CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: LIU CHEN , SCHELLHORN HENRY , PENG QIDI
Published: October 2019

The Longstaff–Schwartz (LS) algorithm is a popular least square Monte Carlo method for American option pricing. We prove that the mean squared sample error of the LS algorithm with quasi-regression is equal to [Formula: see text] asymptotically, a where [Formula: see text] is a constant, [Formula: see text] is the number of simulated paths. We suggest that the quasi-regression based LS algorithm should be preferred whenever applicable. Juneja & Kalra (2009) and Bolia & Juneja (2005) added control variates to the LS algorithm. We prove that the mean squared sample error of their algorithm with quasi-regression is equal to [Formula: see text] asymptotically, where [Formula: see text] is a constant and show that [Formula: see text] under mild conditions. We revisit the method of proof contained in Clément et al. [E. Clément, D. Lamberton & P. Protter (2002) An analysis of a least squares regression method for American option pricing, Finance and Stochastics, 6 449–471], but had to complete it, because of a small gap in their proof, which we also document in this paper.
Planarity and fixing number of inclusion graph of a nilpotent group
Authors: Ou Shikun , Wong Dein , Liu Hailin , Tian Fenglei
Published: October 2019

The inclusion graph of a finite group [Formula: see text], written as [Formula: see text], is defined to be an undirected graph whose vertices are all nontrivial subgroups of [Formula: see text], and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. For a graph [Formula: see text] with vertex set [Formula: see text], a set of vertices [Formula: see text] is called a fixing set of [Formula: see text] if the only automorphism of [Formula: see text] that fixes every element in [Formula: see text] is the identity. The fixing number of [Formula: see text] is the smallest size of a fixing set of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we determine the finite nilpotent groups whose inclusion graphs are planar. Moreover, using the technique of characteristic matrices, we characterize the fixing sets and give the exact value on the fixing number of the inclusion graphs for finite cyclic groups.
Simulation of Structural Applications and Sheet Metal Forming Processes Based on Quadratic Solid–Shell Elements with Explicit Dynamic Formulation
Authors: Chalal Hocine , Abed-Meraim Farid
Published: October 2019

In this work, nonlinear dynamic analysis of thin structures is investigated using quadratic solid–shell (SHB-EXP) elements. The proposed SHB-EXP elements are based on a fully three-dimensional formulation using an in-plane reduced-integration scheme along with the assumed-strain method in order to alleviate most locking phenomena. These developments consist of a 20-node hexahedral element, denoted SHB20-EXP, and its 15-node prismatic counterpart, denoted SHB15-EXP. The formulation of these elements is combined with fully three-dimensional behavior models, including elastic behavior as well as anisotropic plastic behavior for metallic materials. The resulting formulations are implemented into the ABAQUS explicit/dynamic software package in the framework of large displacements and rotations. First, to assess the performance of the SHB-EXP elements, four representative nonlinear dynamic benchmark tests have been conducted. Then, impact/crash problem and deep drawing of cylindrical cup have been performed to demonstrate the capabilities of the SHB-EXP elements in handling various types of nonlinearities (large strains, anisotropic plasticity, and double-sided contact). Comparisons with results obtained by ABAQUS elements as well as with reference solutions taken from the literature show the good capabilities of the developed quadratic SHB-EXP elements for the explicit dynamic simulation of thin structures.
Random simplicial complexes, duality and the critical dimension
Authors: Farber Michael , Mead Lewis , Nowik Tahl
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we discuss two general models of random simplicial complexes which we call the lower and the upper models. We show that these models are dual to each other with respect to combinatorial Alexander duality. The behavior of the Betti numbers in the lower model is characterized by the notion of critical dimension, which was introduced by Costa and Farber in [Large random simplicial complexes III: The critical dimension, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 26 (2017) 1740010]: random simplicial complexes in the lower model are homologically approximated by a wedge of spheres of dimension equal the critical dimension. In this paper, we study the Betti numbers in the upper model and introduce new notions of critical dimension and spread. We prove that (under certain conditions) an upper random simplicial complex is homologically approximated by a wedge of spheres of the critical dimension.
Bounds on the sum of broadcast domination number and strong metric dimension of graphs
Authors: Yi Eunjeong
Published: October 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected graph of order at least two with vertex set [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the length of an [Formula: see text] geodesic in [Formula: see text]. A function [Formula: see text] is called a dominating broadcast function of [Formula: see text] if, for each vertex [Formula: see text], there exists a vertex [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and the broadcast domination number, [Formula: see text], of [Formula: see text] is the minimum of [Formula: see text] over all dominating broadcast functions [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the set of vertices [Formula: see text] such that either [Formula: see text] lies on a [Formula: see text] geodesic or [Formula: see text] lies on a [Formula: see text] geodesic of [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a function and, for any [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text]. We say that [Formula: see text] is a strong resolving function of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for every pair of distinct vertices [Formula: see text], and the strong metric dimension, [Formula: see text], of [Formula: see text] is the minimum of [Formula: see text] over all strong resolving functions [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. For any connected graph [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text]; we characterize [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] equals two and three, respectively, and characterize unicyclic graphs achieving [Formula: see text]. For any tree [Formula: see text] of order at least three, we show that [Formula: see text], and characterize trees achieving equality. Moreover, for a tree [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text], we obtain the results that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is central, and that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is bicentral; in each case, we characterize trees achieving equality. We conclude this paper with some remarks and an open problem.
Finsterworlds
Authors: Schöning Johannes
Published: October 2019

The
Interactions
website (interactions.acm.org) hosts a stable of bloggers who share insights and observations on HCI, often challenging current practices. Each issue we'll publish selected posts from some of the leading and emerging voices in the field.
A conversation with Lauren Wilcox
Authors: Anjum Bushra
Published: October 2019

In this series of interviews with innovation leaders, Ubiquity Associate Editor and software engineer, Dr. Bushra Anjum sits down with Lauren Wilcox, Director of the HX Lab at Georgia Tech, to discuss how intelligent technologies can be designed and developed to facilitate the management of personal health data and support patient decision-making.
Year in Review:
eLearn Magazine
2018-2019
Authors: Conceicao Simone C. O. , Samuel Anita
Published: October 2019

eLearn Magazine had a successful year with an increase in the number of published articles, establishment of a new online system for managing the submission and peer review process, publication of two special issues, and a new partnership.
An Interview with Peter Smith on His New Book
Authors: Hilbelink Amy
Published: October 2019

The future of higher education is one in which adult learners who continue to learn on the job will receive both credit and respect for their informal learning. In this interview Dr. Peter Smith of the University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC) discusses his life work and new book.
Use of a Tracheal Tube as a Nasally Inserted Supraglottic Airway in a Case of Near-Fatal Airway Obstruction Caused by Epiglottitis
Authors: Ozaki Masayuki , Murashima Koji
Published: October 2019

Airway management is critical during near-fatal obstruction of the upper airway in epiglottitis; however, this is challenging because of the sitting posture and agitated mental status of the patient. Moreover, there is currently no established protocol for safe airway management in patients with epiglottitis. Here, we describe the use of a conventional tracheal tube as a nasolaryngeal airway to maintain airway patency at the site of airway narrowing in the supine position, which enabled alleviation of imminent airway obstruction in a patient with epiglottitis. For definitive airway establishment, tracheostomy was then safely performed in the supine position.
Case of Inherited Partial AZFa Deletion without Impact on Male Fertility
Authors: Alksere Baiba , Berzina Dace , Dudorova Alesja , Conka Una , Andersone Santa , Pimane Evija , Krasucka Sandra , Blumberga Arita , Dzalbs Aigars , Grinfelde Ieva , Vedmedovska Natalija , Fodina Violeta , Erenpreiss Juris
Published: October 2019

Male factor infertility accounts for 40–50% of all infertility cases. Deletions of one or more AZF region parts in chromosome Y are one of the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Usually full or partial AZF deletions, including genes involved in spermatogenesis, are associated with spermatogenic failure. Here we report a case of a Caucasian man with partial AZFa region deletion from a couple with secondary infertility. Partial AZFa deletion, involving part of USP9Y gene appears to be benign, as we proved transmission from father to son. According to our results, it is recommended to revise guidelines on markers selected for testing of AZFa region deletion, to be more selective against DDX3Y gene and exclude probably benign microdeletions involving only USP9Y gene.
miR-23b Negatively Regulates Sepsis-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Targeting ADAM10 in Human THP-1 Monocytes
Authors: Zhang Wenying , Lu Furong , Xie Yuliu , Lin Yao , Zhao Tian , Tao Shoubao , Lai Zhipeng , Wei Ning , Yang Ruoxuan , Shao Yiming , He Junbing
Published: October 2019

Background. Previous studies have demonstrated pivotal roles of disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) in the pathogenesis of sepsis. MicroRNA- (miR-) 23b has emerged as an anti-inflammatory factor that prevents multiple autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of miR-23b in the regulation of ADAM10 and sepsis remain uncharacterized. Methods. The expression levels of ADAM10 and miR-23b were detected by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cytokine production and THP-1 cell apoptosis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and annexin V apoptosis assays. Bioinformatics analyses and qRT-PCR, western blot, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify ADAM10 as the target gene of miR-23b. Results. miR-23b expression was downregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sepsis patients and LPS-induced THP-1 cells and was negatively correlated with the expression of ADAM10 and inflammatory cytokines. miR-23b regulated ADAM10 expression by directly binding to the 3′-UTR of ADAM10 mRNA. The overexpression of miR-23b alleviated the LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and apoptosis by targeting ADAM10 in THP-1 cells. The inhibitor or knockdown of ADAM10 elicited effects similar to those of miR-23b on THP-1 cells upon LPS stimulation. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that miR-23b negatively regulated LPS-induced inflammatory responses by targeting ADAM10. The molecular regulatory mechanism of miR-23b in ADAM10 expression and sepsis-induced inflammatory consequences may provide potential therapeutic targets for sepsis.
Lever‐Type Tuned Mass Damper for Alleviating Dynamic Responses
Authors: Lee Eun-Taik , Eun Hee-Chang
Published: October 2019

This study considers the structural vibration control by a lever‐type tuned mass damper (LTMD). The LTMD has a constraint condition to restrict the motion at both ends of the lever. The LTMD controls the dynamic responses at two locations combining the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the constraint condition. The parameters of the LTMD are firstly estimated from the TMD parameters and should be modified by them to obtain from numerical results. The effectiveness of the LTMD is illustrated in two numerical experiments, and the sensitivity of the parameters is numerically investigated. It is shown that the LTMD leads to the remarkable displacement reduction and exhibits more definite control than the TMD system because the LTMD controls the vibration responses at two DOFs. More displacement responses are reduced when the installation locations of the LTMD coincide with the nodes to represent the largest modes’ values at the first and second modes. The application of the LTMD at the dynamic system of a few degrees of freedom (DOFs) is more effective than the system of many DOFs.
High‐Speed Train‐Track‐Bridge Dynamic Interaction considering Wheel‐Rail Contact Nonlinearity due to Wheel Hollow Wear
Authors: Chang Chao , Ling Liang , Han Zhaoling , Wang Kaiyun , Zhai Wanming
Published: October 2019

Wheel hollow wear is a common form of wheel‐surface damage in high‐speed trains, which is of great concern and a potential threat to the service performance and safety of the high‐speed railway system. At the same time, rail corridors in high‐speed railways are extensively straightened through the addition of bridges. However, only few studies paid attention to the influence of wheel‐profile wear on the train‐track‐bridge dynamic interaction. This paper reports a study of the high‐speed train‐track‐bridge dynamic interactions under new and hollow worn wheel profiles. A nonlinear rigid‐flexible coupled model of a Chinese high‐speed train travelling on nonballasted tracks supported by a long‐span continuous girder bridge is formulated. This modelling is based on the train‐track‐bridge interaction theory, the wheel‐rail nonelliptical multipoint contact theory, and the modified Craig–Bampton modal synthesis method. The effects of wheel‐rail nonlinearity caused by the wheel hollow wear are fully considered. The proposed model is applied to predict the vertical and lateral dynamic responses of the high‐speed train‐track‐bridge system under new and worn wheel profiles, in which a high‐speed train passing through a long‐span continuous girder bridge at a speed of 350 km/h is considered. The numerical results show that the wheel hollow wear changes the geometric parameters of the wheel‐rail contact and then deteriorates the train‐track‐bridge interactions. The worn wheels can increase the vibration response of the high‐speed railway bridges.
Flexural Toughness of Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Shotcrete and Industrial-Scale Testing
Authors: Jiao Huazhe , Wu Yachuang , Chen Xinming , Yang Yixuan
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on toughness enhancement of basalt fibre-reinforced shotcrete (BFRS). Four-point bending experiments of underground shooting and curing beams combined with a roadway-supporting deformation monitoring test were conducted. The flexural performance was analysed based on the toughness standards, namely, DBV-1998, JSCE SF-4, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pore testing. The results demonstrate that, given a basalt fibre (BF) dosage of 0–7.5 kg/m3, 18 mm BF can significantly increase the residual stress under the same deformation, rather than the peak values of the flexural strength. Meanwhile, the trend in the flexural toughness increases to a peak at a dosage of 3–4.5 kg/m3, followed by a declining curve. The pores from an NMR test can be divided into three types based on size: (1) closed pores, R < 0.01 μm, (2) capillary pores, 0.01 μm < R < 5 μm, and (3) connected pores, R > 5 μm. The connected pores are detrimental, playing a crucial role in the shotcrete performance. Furthermore, the deformations of the roadway walls are significantly restrained by the BFRS, and the 80-day convergences are approximately 2 mm, which is only 25% of the control. Finally, the comprehensive results indicate that a dosage range of 3–4.5 kg/m3 can demonstrate reasonable beneficial effects for the BFRS performance.
Event‐Triggered Stability Analysis of Semi‐Markovian Jump Networked Control System with Actuator Faults and Time‐Varying Delay via Bessel–Legendre Inequalities
Authors: Lu Hongqian , Guo Chaoqun , Hu Yue , Zhou Wuneng
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses the stability of semi‐Markovian jump networked control system containing time‐varying delay and actuator faults. The system dynamic is optimized while the network resource is saved by introducing an improved static event‐triggered mechanism. For deriving a less conservative stability criterion, the Bessel–Legendre inequalities approach is employed to the stability analysis and plays a major role. By constructing the enhanced Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) relevant to the Legendre polynomials, a stability criterion with lower conservativeness indexed by N is derived, and the conservativeness will decrease as N increases. In addition, a controller is designed. To prove the validity of this paper, numerical examples are provided at the last.
Small Object Detection Algorithm Based on Feature Pyramid‐Enhanced Fusion SSD
Authors: Li Haotian , Lin Kezheng , Bai Jingxuan , Li Ao , Yu Jiali
Published: October 2019

In order to improve the detection rate of the traditional single‐shot multibox detection algorithm in small object detection, a feature‐enhanced fusion SSD object detection algorithm based on the pyramid network is proposed. Firstly, the selected multiscale feature layer is merged with the scale‐invariant convolutional layer through the feature pyramid network structure; at the same time, the multiscale feature map is separately converted into the channel number using the scale‐invariant convolution kernel. Then, the obtained two sets of pyramid‐shaped feature layers are further feature fused to generate a set of enhanced multiscale feature maps, and the scale‐invariant convolution is performed again on these layers. Finally, the obtained layer is used for detection and localization. The final location coordinates and confidence are output after nonmaximum suppression. Experimental results on the Pascal VOC 2007 and 2012 datasets confirm that there is a 8.2% improvement in mAP compared to the original SSD and some existing algorithms.
Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: From Psychiatry to Neurology
Authors: Leonardi Joel , Saleh Christian , Jaszczuk Phillip , Blackham Kristine A. , Zechel Sabrina , Wilmes Stefanie , Hund-Georgiadis Margret
Published: October 2019

We present a case of a 54-year-old man with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) who was initially admitted to a psychiatric clinic with a diagnosis of delirium. We discuss the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis of PACNS and provide the reader with some recommendations on how to promptly and correctly diagnose this disease in order to avoid potentially lethal outcomes.
Not All SLAPs Are Created Equal: A Comparison of Patients with Planned and Incidental SLAP Repair Procedures
Authors: Dougherty Mark C. , Kulenkamp J. Erik , Boyajian Haroutioun , Koh Jason L. , Lee Michael J. , Shi Lewis L.
Published: October 2019

Background. Epidemiological<?tex id="Q1" staff-cmt="It is very important for the corresponding author to have a linked ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account on MTS. To register a linked ORCID account, please go to the Account Update page (http://mts.hindawi.com/update/) in our Manuscript Tracking System and after you have logged in click on the ORCID link at the top of the page. This link will take you to the ORCID website where you will be able to create an account for yourself. Once you have done so, your new ORCID will be saved in our Manuscript Tracking System automatically."?> studies have shown a progressive increase in the rate of superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) repair surgery after the year 2000. However, it is not clear whether this is due to increased recognition of isolated SLAP tears or increased SLAP repair performed secondarily during arthroscopy for other purposes. Hypothesis/Purpose. We hypothesized that both isolated SLAP repair and secondary SLAP repair increased with time and that patient age influenced the pathway to SLAP diagnosis and surgery—such that younger patients were more likely to have isolated SLAP repair surgery after being diagnosed in clinic. Study Design. Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods. Data were obtained from the MarketScan database from 2003 to 2013. CPT and ICD-9 codes were used to identify SLAP surgery patients and concomitant procedures. The timing of SLAP diagnosis relative to surgery was used to determine whether the injury was recognized preoperatively. Results. 64,497 SLAP surgery patients were included. Preoperative SLAP diagnosis increased from 17.1% in 2003 to 44.6% in 2013. Patients diagnosed preoperatively were younger and had fewer concomitant procedures. Increasing age and concomitant rotator cuff tear (RCT) repair corresponded to lower odds of preoperative SLAP diagnosis. Discussion. Younger patients were more likely to have their SLAP tear diagnosed prior to surgery. Those diagnosed before surgery had fewer simultaneous procedures during their operations, suggesting that SLAP repair was more likely the primary operation. From 2003 to 2013, SLAP tears were increasingly recognized in the preoperative setting.
Dietary Saturated Fat Promotes Arrhythmia by Activating NOX2 (NADPH Oxidase 2)
Authors: Joseph Leroy C. , Avula Uma Mahesh R. , Wan Elaine Y. , Reyes Michael V. , Lakkadi Kundanika R. , Subramanyam Prakash , Nakanishi Koki , Homma Shunichi , Muchir Antoine , Pajvani Utpal B. , Thorp Edward B. , Reiken Steven R. , Marks Andrew R. , Colecraft Henry M. , Morrow John P.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Obesity and diets high in saturated fat increase the risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that an increase in dietary saturated fat could lead to abnormalities of calcium homeostasis and heart rhythm by a NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-dependent mechanism.

Methods:

We investigated this hypothesis by feeding mice high-fat diets. In vivo heart rhythm telemetry, optical mapping, and isolated cardiac myocyte imaging were used to quantify arrhythmias, repolarization, calcium transients, and intracellular calcium sparks.

Results:

We found that saturated fat activates NOX (NADPH oxidase), whereas polyunsaturated fat does not. The high saturated fat diet increased repolarization heterogeneity and ventricular tachycardia inducibility in perfused hearts. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of NOX2 prevented arrhythmogenic abnormalities in vivo during high statured fat diet and resulted in less inducible ventricular tachycardia. High saturated fat diet activates CaMK (Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) in the heart, which contributes to abnormal calcium handling, promoting arrhythmia.

Conclusions:

We conclude that NOX2 deletion or pharmacological inhibition prevents the arrhythmogenic effects of a high saturated fat diet, in part mediated by activation of CaMK. This work reveals a molecular mechanism linking cardiac metabolism to arrhythmia and suggests that NOX2 inhibitors could be a novel therapy for heart rhythm abnormalities caused by cardiac lipid overload.