bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mo Yan’s Frog: Rethinking Life as “Wa”
Authors: Foley Todd
Published: December 2024

Mo Yan’s 2009 novel Frog (Wā 蛙) traces the dramatic career of a rural obstetrician who saves lives through modern medicine, forces vasectomies and abortions through her implementation of the one-child policy, supports her nephew’s black market surrogacy scheme, and finally ends up withdrawing into a spiritual state of atonement for her previous deeds. This article examines the relationship between human and animal in the novel, suggesting that the conceptual separation of these categories is intimately related to the various problems the novel depicts throughout Chinese modernity. By focusing on the critical possibilities offered by the novel’s title, Wā 蛙, as a homophone with both “baby” (wá 娃) and the “wa” of the mythical female progenitor Nüwa (娲wā), I suggest that Mo Yan offers a new concept of life, best referred to simply as wa, in response to certain crises of modernity. As an ambiguously generative reconceptualization of life, wa denies conventional and simplistic distinctions between human and animal while incorporating elements of spirituality and unknowability into an otherwise overly rationalized and monetized idea of the human.
Experimental Analysis of the Machinability of 94 WC–6 Co by Die-Sinking EDM
Authors: Salvide-González Unai , Puertas-Arbizu Ignacio , Luis-Pérez Carmelo Javier
Published: December 2024

Cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide (WC-Co) is widely used in heavy-duty machining applications due to its exceptional hardness and wear resistance, and it is increasingly being adopted in industries such as aerospace and the automotive sector, among others. Its superior mechanical properties make it difficult to machine with conventional methods such as turning or milling. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has emerged as an efficient alternative, as it allows for the machining of hard materials to be carried out without direct contact between the tool and the workpiece, provided that the material has sufficient electrical conductivity. In this study, a multilevel Design of Experiments (DOE) was conducted to analyze the influence of EDM parameters—specifically, the current intensity and pulse time—on the surface roughness (SR), electrode wear (EW), and material removal rate (MRR) for 94WC–6Co. The results indicate that the current intensity was the most significant factor across all responses, while the pulse time played a secondary role. Surface finishes as low as Ra = 0.47 μm were achieved at I = 2 A and ti = 10 μs. For each outcome variable, mathematical models were obtained in order to improve the EDM processes and better understand the machining of WC-Co.
Periodically Ordered Wrinkles in Gradient Patterned Polymer Stripes
Authors: Byun Myunghwan
Published: December 2024

We demonstrated a versatile and robust strategy to create spatially defined periodic wrinkles in gradient striped polymer films through the coupled process of controlled evaporative self-assembly (CESA) and mechanically driven surface wrinkling. The mechanical properties of patterned-gradient polymer thin films were investigated by wrinkling methodology in a fast and simple manner. Understanding of the complex wrinkles can provide insights into the growth mechanism of most biological species that can be explained by competition between bending and stretching energies, e.g., leaves with gradient thickness range from the central area to edges. Furthermore, it also benefits a wide range of micro-to-nanotechnologies that strongly depend on the mechanical stability and performance of thin polymer membranes for semiconductor applications.
Transition Boundary from Laminar to Turbulent Flow of Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Slurry—Experimental Results
Authors: Dutkowski Krzysztof , Kruzel Marcin , Kochanowska Martyna
Published: December 2024

An ice slurry or an emulsion of a phase change material (PCM) is a multiphase working fluid from the so-called Latent Functional Thermal Fluid (LFTF) group. LFTF is a fluid that uses, in addition to specific heat, the specific enthalpy of the phase change of its components to transfer heat. Another fluid type has joined the LFTF group: a slurry of encapsulated phase change material (PCM). Technological progress has made it possible for the phase change material to be enclosed in a capsule of the size of the order of micrometers (microencapsulated PCM—mPCM) or nanometers (nanoencapsulated PCM—nPCM). This paper describes a method for determining the Reynolds number (Re) at which the nature of the flow of the mPCM slurry inside a straight pipe changes. In addition, the study results of the effect of the concentration of mPCM in the slurry and the state of the PCM inside the microcapsule on the value of the critical Reynolds number (Recr) are presented. The aqueous slurry of mPCM with a concentration from 4.30% to 17.20% wt. flowed through a channel with an internal diameter of d = 4 mm with a flow rate of up to 110 kg/h (Re = 11,250). The main peak melting temperature of the microencapsulated paraffin wax used in the experiments was around 24 °C. The slurry temperature during the tests was maintained at a constant level. It was 7 °C, 24 °C and 44 °C (the PCM in the microcapsule was, respectively, a solid, underwent a phase change and was a liquid). The experimental studies clearly show that the concentration of microcapsules in the slurry and the state of the PCM in the microcapsule affect the critical Reynolds number. The higher the concentration of microcapsules in the slurry, the more difficult it was to maintain laminar fluid flow inside the channel. Furthermore, the laminar flow of the slurry terminated at a lower critical Reynolds number when the PCM in the microcapsule was solid. Caution is advised when choosing the relationship to calculate the flow resistance or heat transfer coefficients, because assuming that the flow motion changes at Re = 2300, as in the case of pure liquids, may be an incorrect assumption.
Fastening in Rock Mass—Structural Design of Shallow Embedded Anchors in Inhomogeneous Substrate
Authors: Lamplmair-Irsigler Stefan , Zeman Oliver , Stierschneider Elisabeth , Voit Klaus
Published: December 2024

Unlike traditional base materials such as concrete or masonry, there are no guidelines for rock as a base material for post-installed anchors. The varying rock properties (e.g., rock type, discontinuities) and numerous installation parameters (e.g., embedment depth, anchor diameter) leave engineers with limited information on design resistances, leading to an uncertain basis for anchor applications in rock. To identify the key parameters that determine rock as a base material, an evaluation of rock characteristics was conducted, combined with in situ pull-out tests in different key geologies (granite, limestone, mica schist, dolomite, granulite) and discrete element modeling, which has been found to be suitable for investigating the load-bearing behavior of post-installed anchors in rock. Discontinuities were identified as the main factor influencing the load-bearing capacity of post-installed anchors in rock mass. Based on the in situ investigations, assessment methods for rock as a base material were proposed, along with corresponding resistance partial safety factors for design of 2.5, 2.0, and 1.7 for high, medium, and low levels of uncertainty regarding possible inhomogeneities. A limit value R ≥ 36, associated with rebound hammer assessments, was defined for the low degree of uncertainty, showing limitations for schistose rock. This is concluded by a design approach for determining design resistances of shallow fasteners in rock mass.
Effect of Surface Finishing on the Corrosion Resistivity of 3D Printed M300 Steel
Authors: Żaba Krzysztof , Szymański Krzysztof , Balcerzak Maciej , Różycka Ilona , Kuczek Łukasz , Żabiński Piotr
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of synthesis parameters and surface finish on the corrosion of DMLS-printed M300 steel components and to evaluate their applicability in corrosive environments. In order to assess the influence of the corrosive environment, potentiodynamic and long-term corrosion tests were carried out in this study, together with microscopic and EDS studies on 3D-printed M300 steel samples synthetized using the DMLS method with different laser powers. The results show that DMLS-produced M300 steel is vulnerable to corrosion in corrosive environments. The effect of the laser power used on the corrosion resistance was also demonstrated, which generally decreases with increasing laser power. This study confirms the influence of the surface condition of the components on the corrosion phenomenon. Despite the higher corrosion resistance of unpolished components, they lose mass to a higher degree in a corrosive environment. This study also shows the influence of temperature on the corrosion phenomena occurring, demonstrating its negative effect. This study also presents the microstructure of the surface of the samples after the tests, showing the degradation of the surface due to corrosive actions. The analysis of the test results suggests the protection of M300 steel components produced using the DMLS method for the case of operation in corrosive environments.
Tensile Behavior Assessment of Grid-Type CFRP Textile-Reinforced Mortar with Different Design Variables
Authors: Suh Jung-Il , Park Sung-Woo , Kim Kyung-Min
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the tensile behavior of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) under various design variables to enhance understanding and application in construction structures. TRM reinforced with CFRP grids is highly effective for strengthening existing structures due to its lightweight nature, durability, ease of installation, and corrosion resistance. The research aims to evaluate how design parameters such as the CFRP grid type, mortar matrix strength (influenced by the water-to-cement ratio), specimen length, and grid width affect TRM’s mechanical properties. Through the direct tensile test using a universal testing machine, TRM specimens were subjected to load until failure, with data collected on stress–strain relationships, crack patterns, and strengths. Specimens included untreated CFRP grids (Groups KC, Q47, and Q85) and sand-coated CFRP grids (Specimens AQ47_7 and AQ85_7), each tested under controlled laboratory conditions. The results indicate that crack formation significantly influenced load transfer mechanisms within the specimens, with longitudinal strands bearing load as cracks propagated through the mortar matrix. The presence of sand-coated CFRP grids notably enhanced interfacial bond strength, leading to increased cracking strength and ultimate strength compared with their untreated counterparts. The findings underscore the importance of the surface treatment of CFRP grids for improving TRM performance, with implications for enhancing structural integrity and durability in practical applications. The results provide valuable insights into optimizing TRM design for better crack control and mechanical efficiency in infrastructure.
The Modulation of Fibrosis in Vocal Fold Repair: A Study on c-Met Agonistic Antibodies and Hepatocyte Growth in Animal Studies
Authors: Shin Hyun-Il , Choi Hyunsu , Jung Jae-Kyun , Kim Choung-Soo
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Damage to the vocal folds frequently results in fibrosis, which can degrade vocal quality due to the buildup of collagen and modifications in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conventional treatments have shown limited success in reversing fibrotic changes. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met-targeting antibodies are promising due to their potential to inhibit fibrosis and promote regeneration. This research examines the effectiveness of injections containing c-Met agonistic antibodies relative to HGF in reducing fibrosis within a rat model of vocal fold injury. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups, which were HGF, c-Met agonistic antibody, and the control (PBS). The right vocal folds were injured and treated with HGF or c-Met agonistic antibody injections. RNA isolation and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to assess mRNA levels of fibrosis-related markers at 1 and 2 weeks post-injury. Histopathological analysis was conducted at 3 weeks to evaluate collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) deposition. Results: Both the HGF and c-Met groups demonstrated reduced type III collagen mRNA expression compared to the PBS group. The c-Met group uniquely maintained fibronectin levels closer to normal. Additionally, the c-Met group showed significantly upregulated expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1 and HAS 3 at 2 weeks post-injury, indicating enhanced HA synthesis. Histological analysis showed significantly lower collagen deposition and higher HA in the c-Met group than in PBS, confirming superior anti-fibrotic effects and ECM restoration. Conclusions: c-Met agonistic antibody injections outperformed HGF in reducing fibrosis, upregulating HAS expression, and promoting HA deposition in injured vocal folds, highlighting its potential as a superior therapeutic approach for preventing fibrosis and enhancing ECM quality in vocal fold injuries. Further research on functional outcomes in larger models is recommended to validate these findings.
Food Preference Assessed by the Newly Developed Nutrition-Based Japan Food Preference Questionnaire and Its Association with Dietary Intake in Abdominal-Obese Subjects
Authors: Nagai Naoko , Fujishima Yuya , Tokuzawa Chie , Takayanagi Satoko , Yamamoto Mikiko , Hara Tomoyuki , Kimura Yu , Nagao Hirofumi , Obata Yoshinari , Fukuda Shiro , Baden Megu Y. , Kozawa Junji , Maeda Norikazu , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Understanding food preferences is important for weight management. However, methods for assessing food preferences are not well established, especially in Japan. This study aimed to examine detailed food preferences and their associations with actual food intake in non-obese and abdominal-obese subjects using a newly developed questionnaire tailored for the Japanese population. Methods: We developed the Japan Food Preference Questionnaire (JFPQ) to evaluate food preferences across four nutrient groups based on nutritional evidence: carbohydrate, fat, protein, and dietary fiber. A total of 38 non-obese and 30 abdominal-obese participants completed both the JFPQ and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Food preferences for each nutrient were compared between the two groups, and correlations between food preferences (assessed by the JFPQ) and food intake (assessed by the FFQ) were analyzed. Results: Compared with the non-obese group, the abdominal-obese group showed significantly greater preferences for carbohydrates, fat, and protein, with no significant difference in dietary fiber after adjusting for age and sex. Furthermore, in the abdominal-obese group, positive correlations were found between actual intake and preference for high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods. Conclusions: Our findings from this pilot study demonstrated that abdominal-obese individuals had greater preferences for fat and carbohydrates, which were linked to actual fat and carbohydrate intake and possibly contributed to the development of obesity.
Effects of the Hot-Drawing Process on the Pore Parameters, Gas Absorption and Mechanical Performances of Activated Carbon-Loaded Porous Poly(m-Phenylene Isophthalamide) Composite Fibres
Authors: Li Xiaosong , Li Bo , Xu Qibin , Meng Lingcheng , Wu Deyang , Liu Pengqing , Salaün Fabien , Zhang Shengchang
Published: December 2024

Poor breathability, inadequate flexibility, bulky wearability, and insufficient gas-adsorption capacity always limit the developments and applications of conventional chemical protective clothing (CPC). To create a lightweight, breathable, and flexible fabric with a high gas-absorption capacity, activated carbon (AC)-loaded poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) porous composite fibres were fabricated from a mixed wet-spinning process integrated with a solvent-free phase separation process. By manipulating the pore parameters of as-spun composite fibres, the exposure-immobilization of AC particles on the fibre surface can offer a higher gas-absorption capacity and better AC-loading stability. To improve the mechanical properties of AC-loaded porous as-spun fibres and further optimize the pore-locking structures, the impact of the hot-drawing process on the evolution of pore parameters and the corresponding properties (including the gas absorption capacity, the mechanical performance, and the stability of AC particles during loading) was clarified. After the hot-drawing process, the inhomogeneous pore morphologies composed of mesopores/micropores from as-spun fibres changed into homogeneous and decreased mesopores. With the decrease in structural defects in homogeneous morphologies, the tensile strength of AC-loaded PMIA porous-drawn fibres increased to 1.5 cN/dtex. Meanwhile, the greater total pore volume and specific surface area after hot drawing also maintained the gas-absorption capacity of drawn composite fibres at 98.53 mg/g. Furthermore, the AC-loaded PMIA porous composite fibres also showed comparable performance to the commercial FFF02 absorption layer in terms of static absorption behaviour for different gas molecules and absorption–desorption multi-cycling evaluations. In addition, due to the size reduction in mesopores after the hot-drawing process, the loading stability of AC particles in the stretched composite fibres was more substantial.
The New Nitric Oxide Donor, FOR 911B, Induces Relaxation in Isolated Rat Aorta Involving the NO/sGC/cGMP Pathway and K+ Channels
Authors: da Silva Mirelly Cunha , Gouveia Júnior Florêncio Sousa , de Queiroz Thyago Moreira
Published: December 2024

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule considered to be a protagonist in the dilation of blood vessels, and its property and/or bioavailability are reduced in pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, its exogenous administration becomes attractive, and new classes of compounds able to induce NO release have emerged to minimize the adverse effects found by existing NO donor drugs. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanism of action induced by the ruthenium complex, which contains nitric oxide in its structure, [Ru(phen)2(TU)NO](PF6)3 (FOR 911B), in isolated rat aorta. Methods: The animals were euthanized, and the aorta artery was identified, removed, and immediately placed in modified Krebs–Henseleit solution. To verify tissue viability, a contraction was obtained with phenylephrine (Phe) (0.1 μM), and to assess endothelial integrity, acetylcholine (ACh) (1 μM) was added. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that FOR 911B promotes vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner in isolated rat aortic artery rings. After the removal of the vascular endothelium, the potency and efficacy of the relaxation were not altered. With pre-incubation with hydroxocobalamin, the relaxing response was abolished, and with the use of ODQ, the main NO receptor blocker, the vasorelaxant effect was attenuated with a shift of the curve to the right. To investigate the participation of K+ channels, the solution concentration was changed to KCl (20 and 60 mM), and it was pre-incubated with the non-selective K+ channels blocker (TEA). Under these conditions, relaxation was altered, demonstrating that K+ channels are activated by FOR 911B. By selectively blocking the different subtypes of K+ channels with specific blockers, we demonstrated that the subtypes KV, KIR, SKCa, and BKCa are involved in the vasodilator effect induced by FOR 911B. Conclusions: The results obtained demonstrated that FOR 911B promotes vascular relaxation in aortic artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner and independent of the vascular endothelium through the participation of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway, as well as with the involvement of different K+ channels.
The Instagrammable Hotel: A Sequential Explanatory Design Study of Hotel- and User-Generated Content
Authors: Dragin-Jensen Christian , Post-Lundgaard Mia , Schnittka Oliver
Published: December 2024

This paper examines Instagram’s increasing influence on the hotel industry, an area that remains under-researched from both consumer and hotel perspectives. Through a sequential explanatory design, combining a quantitative analysis of 1031 posts with qualitative interviews from hotel professionals, the research uncovers the types of content that resonate most with users and how hoteliers strategically leverage Instagram. The findings reveal which content formats, hotel attributes and post characteristics capture audience attention. Additionally, the study offers unique insights into Instagram’s distinct role compared to other social media platforms in the hotel industry. The study provides a novel definition of what makes a hotel “Instagrammable” from both consumer and industry viewpoints, offering valuable insights into how hotels can strategically harness Instagram to attract and engage their audience.
Abundance and Distribution of Phlebotomus pedifer (Diptera: Psychodidae) Across Various Habitat Types in Endemic Foci of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Mid-Highlands of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Bereket , Tomas Temesgen , Koroto Negese , Matusala Teshome , Megaze Aberham , Leirs Herwig
Published: December 2024

Phlebotomus pedifer is a vector of Leishmania aethiopica, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study assessed the abundance and distribution of P. pedifer in different habitats and human houses situated at varying distances from hyrax (reservoir host) dwellings, in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Sandflies were collected from January 2020 to December 2021 using CDC light traps, sticky paper traps, and locally made emergence traps. Sampling was performed in human houses, peri-domestic areas, farmlands, and hyrax dwellings. Houses 200 m and 400 m from hyrax dwellings were selected to study whether distance affects indoor sandfly abundance. A total of 2485 sandflies were captured, with P. pedifer accounting for 86.1% of the catch and Sergentomyia spp. comprising the remaining 13.9%. The abundance of P. pedifer was highest in human houses (72.3%) and lowest in farmlands (4.0%). Temperature showed a positive correlation with sandfly abundance (r = 0.434, p = 0.000), while rainfall (r = −0.424, p = 0.001) and humidity (r = −0.381, p = 0.001) were negatively correlated with abundance. Houses near hyrax dwellings had significantly higher P. pedifer abundance compared to those further away. Soil-emergence trapping yielded only a few P. pedifer specimens, primarily from hyrax dwellings. The findings highlight the increased presence of P. pedifer indoors, particularly in houses close to hyrax habitats, emphasizing the need for targeted indoor vector control strategies to mitigate the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission.
Just 4U™: Reusable Period Pants Alongside an Ovulatory Menstrual Health Literacy Program
Authors: Roux Kate Fraser , Roux Felicity , Hendriks Jacqueline , Chih HuiJun , Burns Sharyn
Published: December 2024

The concept of “period poverty” describes the lack of access to menstrual health education and menstrual care products. This quasi-experimental mixed-methods study evaluated a collaboration called Just 4U™ to address period poverty. This collaboration was formed between My Vital Cycles®, as the provider of educational content, and Modibodi®, as the provider of period pants as a reusable menstrual product (RMP). Five co-educational schools, including a regional school, participated and were of average to below-average socio-educational advantage ranking in Australia. The pre- and post-intervention evaluation with 63 postmenarcheal adolescents (14–18-year-old) in Grades 9–12 showed an improvement in their ovulatory menstrual health literacy. Open-ended questions explored their perspectives on the RMP. Overall, the RMP was well received by participants, who reported a positive impact on their mindset and cycle management. School staff (n = 6) who had observed delivery of Just 4U™ were interviewed. They believed the program had benefited the participants and recommended that teacher training would help the intervention to be sustainably implemented in schools. Findings highlight the worthwhile inclusion of RMPs alongside ovulatory menstrual health education. This study contributes to ongoing research in adolescent ovulatory menstrual health education.
Use of domestic raw materials in the production of enriched and specialized confections
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS, Zaitseva L.V. , Misteneva S.Yu. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS, Shcherbakova N.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS, Baskakov A.V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS, Perfilyev D.S. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS
Published: December 2024

In Russia and other countries of the world, excessive consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates
and saturated fats with a lack of dietary fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids among children and adolescents has been found. In the absence of physical activity, it contributes to the accumulation of excess body weight and the subsequent development of obesity. Snacks occupy a large place in the nutrition of children in schools and preschool institutions. Very often, fl our confections are used as snacks. In this regard, expanding the range of fl our confectionery products intended for this population group is relevant. The All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry has developed sugar cookies for feeding children three years of age and older with the addition of domestically produced barley oatmeal, decorated with confectionery glaze containing domestically produced fruit and vegetable powders. The cookies had a total sugar content of less than 25% and fat (without trans isomers) of about 20% and, in accordance with the Technical Regulations TR CU 021/2011, can be recommended
for the diet of children three years of age and older. Furthermore, the cookies are characterized by a
dietary fiber content of more than 6g/100g and, according to the Technical Regulations of the Customs
Union TR CU 022/2011, have been classified as food products with a high dietary fiber content.
The relevance of creating operational control of grain quality based on indicators of its hidden integrity
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhipov M.V. , Tyukalov Yu.A. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilova T.A. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Beletskiy S.L. ,   V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS
Published: December 2024

The article describes the relevance of developing a digital system for early detection and express assessment of hidden grain heterogeneity based on the use of methods of non-destructive testing of
the integrity of the internal structures of the grain in a comprehensive assessment of the quality of
grain batches for various purposes.
Organization of long-term storage of raw materials: maintaining the necessary THM in warehouses (cocoa beans, flour, nuts)
Authors:   Research Institute for Problems of Storage of the Federal Reserve, Looze V.V. , Beletskiy S.L. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of the Confectionery Industry — branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the RAS
Published: December 2024

The report examines the basic principles of warehouse storage. Modern technologies and approaches
to solving problems of controlling the required temperature and humidity mode (THM) for longterm
storage of raw materials (cocoa beans, fl our, nuts) for confectionery production are outlined.
Features, advantages, and disadvantages of the presented solutions are indicated.
The effect of recreational load on the biological activity of urban park soils
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Forestry Engineering University named after S. M. Kirov, Solntseva E. S. , Grigoreva O. I. ,   St. Petersburg State Forestry Engineering University named after S. M. Kirov, Dolzhikov I. S ,   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Mikhailova L. M. ,   Arctic State Agrotechnological University
Published: December 2024

Currently, there are fewer and fewer healthy and strong plantings in urban parks due to
various anthropogenic changes. One of these factors is the recreational load exerted on the
soil, which causes adverse effects on the stand and ground cover. The rich component of
the parks with numerous trees and beautiful ground cover is an integral part of the place
for cultural recreation in the city. In addition, the park is a special green area that provides
oxygen, absorbs road noise, traps dust and improves the atmosphere. The work was based
on nine samples buried in the park, at three sites with different levels of recreational load
under different tree species. The influence of recreational load on the biological activity of
the soils of the urban park is shown.
Internal labor regulations: problems of legal regulation
Authors:   ANO CPE Education Center StroyEnergoMontazhServis, Bogdanov A. S.
Published: December 2024

Most employers believe that they have the right to independently establish the rules in
force in their organization, including those that are not regulated or contradict federal
legislation. The article discusses issues related to the most common abuses of the right
to establish internal labor regulations. This leads to a situation where the internal rules
of the organization by individual entrepreneurs are placed above federal legislation and
legal norms, for example, in situations concerning vacations, bonus payments. Conclusions
are drawn about the need for additional regulation and flexibility of labor law, taking into
account modern socio-economic realities.
PENTINGNYA SOFT SKILLS TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARIR GEN Z BAGI SISWA/I SMK KARYA NASIONAL, KAB. KUNINGAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: Umi Hanik Makmuroh  , Venny Oktaviany  , Eka Ahadiyat Suryana  , Nunung Kurniasih  , Wati Rahayu
Published: December 2024

The aim of this Community Service (PKM) is to provide knowledge and skills regarding Soft Skills to students SMK Karya Nasional, Kab. Kuningan Jawa Barat. Especially in improving their skills through guidance in improving Soft Skills abilities. The prospect of improving Soft Skills aims to train personality, communication skills or personal attributes that are needed to be able to provide good performance in a job or business. The Soft Skills they process will make it easier for students to interact with the environment they enter. The activities of this community service program are to provide outreach to students at SMK Karya Nasional as Generation Z, providing guidance or counseling which can improve Soft Skills through many supportive activities. This was done as an effort  to improve Soft Skills  for generation z in order to face the era of industrial revolution 4.0
A New Insight into the Mechanism of Atrazine-Induced Neurotoxicity: Triggering Neural Stem Cell Senescence by Activating the Integrated Stress Response Pathway
Authors: Chen Jian , Dai Xue-Yan , Malhi Kanwar K. , Xu Xiang-Wen , Tang Yi-Xi , Li Xiao-Wei , Li Jin-Long
Published: December 2024

Atrazine (AT), a widely utilized chemical herbicide, causes widespread contamination of agricultural water bodies. Recently, exposure to AT has been linked to the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), suggesting its neurotoxicity potential. As an endocrine disruptor, AT targets the hypothalamus, a crucial part of the neuroendocrine system. However, the toxicological mechanism of AT exposure to the hypothalamus and its correlation with ND development remain unexplored. Our results indicated that AT exposure caused significant morphological and structural damage to the hypothalamus, leading to the loss of mature and intact neurons and microglial activation. Furthermore, hypothalamic neural stem cells (HtNSCs) were recruited to areas of neuronal damage caused by AT. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we clarified the outcomes of AT-induced HtNSC recruitment alongside the loss of mature/intact neurons. Mechanistically, AT induces senescence in these recruited HtNSCs by activating integrated stress response signaling. This consequently hinders the repair of damaged neurons by inhibiting HtNSC proliferation and differentiation. Overall, our findings underscore the pivotal role of the integrated stress response pathway in AT-induced HtNSC senescence and hypothalamic damage. Additionally, the present study offers novel perspectives to understand the mechanisms of AT-induced neurotoxicity and provides preliminary evidence linking AT contamination to the development of NDs.
Discovery of Staircase Chirality through the Design of Unnatural Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Rahman Anis U. , Wang Yu , Xu Ting , Reddy Kambham Devendra , Jin Shengzhou , Yan Jasmine X. , Yuan Qingkai , Unruh Daniel , Liang Ruibin , Li Guigen
Published: December 2024

Chirality has garnered significant attention in the scientific community since its discovery by Louis Pasteur over a century ago. It has been showing a profound impact on chemical, biomedical, and materials sciences. Significant progress has been made in controlling molecular chirality, as evidenced by the several Nobel Prizes in chemistry awarded in this area, particularly for advancements in the asymmetric catalytic synthesis of molecules with central and axial chirality. However, the exploration of new types of chirality has been largely stagnant for more than half a century, likely due to the complexity and challenges inherent in this field. In this work, we present the discovery of a novel type of chirality—staircase chirality as inspired by the design and synthesis of unnatural amino acid derivatives. The architecture of staircase chirality is characterized by 2 symmetrical phenyl rings anchored by a naphthyl pier, with the rings asymmetrically displaced due to the influence of chiral auxiliaries at their para positions. This unique staircase chiral framework has been thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic techniques, with its absolute configuration definitively confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. Remarkably, one of the staircase molecules exhibits 4 distinct types of chirality: central, orientational, turbo, and staircase chirality, a combination that has not been previously documented in the literature. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to analyze the relative energies of individual staircase isomers, and the results are in agreement with our experimental findings. We believe that this discovery will open up a new research frontier in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis, with the potential to make a substantial impact on the fields of chemistry, medicine, and materials science.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Transdifferentiate into Chondrocyte-Like Cells and Facilitate Meniscal Fibrocartilage Regeneration
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Cheng Jin , Wu Haoda , Gao Zeyuan , Li Zong , Cao Chenxi , Meng Qingyang , Wu Yue , Ren Shuang , Zhao Fengyuan , Wang Hongde , Liu Ping , Wang Jianquan , Hu Xiaoqing , Ao Yingfang
Published: December 2024

The effective and translational strategy to regenerate knee meniscal fibrocartilage remained challenging. Herein, we first identified vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) transdifferentiated into fibrochondrocytes and participated in spontaneous meniscal regeneration using smooth muscle cell lineage tracing transgenic mice meniscal defect model. Then, we identified low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) acoustic stimulus enhanced fibrochondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LIPUS stimulus could up-regulate mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 expression and then activate the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) signal, following repression of the Notch signal, consequently enhancing fibrochondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs. Finally, we demonstrated that the regular LIPUS stimulus enhanced anisotropic native-like meniscal fibrocartilage tissue regeneration in a beagle canine subtotal meniscectomy model at 6 months postoperatively. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirmed the role of VSMC fibrochondrogenic transdifferentiation in meniscal regeneration.
Using the superiorly based pharyngeal flap to surgically manage cleft velopharyngeal insufficiency: a cohort study
Authors: Turk Marvee , Shamuganathan Pragaash , Maddocks Carli , Chong David
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The surgical management of velopharyngeal insufficiency is traditionally guided by algorithms based on dynamic imaging, such as nasoendoscopy and video fluoroscopy. In practice, however, surgeons often favour a single surgical technique in all patients—irrespective of observed velopharyngeal closure pattern. In this study, we examine the utility of the superiorly based pharyngeal flap for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency in a cohort of patients with varied velopharyngeal closure patterns.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of velopharyngeal insufficiency patients treated by a single surgeon at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, between 2008 and 2015. Prior to surgery, patients underwent speech evaluation as well as nasopharyngoscopy for assessment of velopharyngeal closure pattern. Irrespective of the closure pattern observed, patients were treated using a superiorly based pharyngeal flap. Following surgery, serial evaluations for residual velopharyngeal insufficiency and surgical complications were performed.
Results: A total of 18 cleft palate patients met the criteria for study inclusion. Preoperative speech evaluation revealed mild velopharyngeal insufficiency in one patient (5.6%), moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency in nine patients (50%), and severe velopharyngeal insufficiency in eight patients (44.4%). Repeat speech evaluation one year after surgery demonstrated correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency in 17 patients, representing a 94.4 per cent success rate. Furthermore, only two patients experienced postoperative snoring (11.1%).
Conclusion: Consideration of velopharyngeal closure pattern is not required for effective surgical management of velopharyngeal insufficiency.
RISCOS DA AUTOMEDICAÇÃO DE ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIOS NÃO ESTEROIDAIS EM IDOSOS - REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Matheus Mota Damasceno José , Guilherme Ferreira Marques Galvão José , Costa de Sá Lima Íris , de Oliveira Nóbrega Rafaela
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A automedicação ou uso de medicamentos sem prescrição, sem orientação e conhecimento (de forma irracional) vem colaborando para os riscos de intoxicação ou outras reações que agravem a saúde do idoso, principalmente quando o mesmo começa a consumir mais de um medicamento ao mesmo tempo. No Brasil, os anti-inflamatórios mais utilizados, por não necessitarem de receita médica, ou seja, medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIPs), são: nimesulida, ibuprofeno, ácido acetilsalicílico, naproxeno, cetoprofeno, meloxicam, piroxicam e diclofenato. Objetivos: Descrever os riscos associados ao uso indiscriminado dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais por idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura descritiva, de caráter exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Para realização da pesquisa foram utilizados os descritores “Automedicação”, “Idoso” e “Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides” para buscas nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). O período de busca dos artigos nas bases de dados foi de 2014 a 2024, de livre acesso e com o texto completo disponível na íntegra. Foram excluídos os artigos de revisões de literatura do tipo narrativas e integrativas, teses, dissertações, artigos de opinião e livros. Resultados: Muitos idosos utilizam medicamentos sem orientação profissional entre sete e quinze dias. Alguns dos principais motivos para essa prática incluem dores musculares, articulares, gripes, resfriados, azia, cólica abdominal, diarreia e problemas gastrointestinais. Conclusão: Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides estão entre os medicamentos mais utilizados por idosos, isso ocorre devido a venda livre (não necessitando de uma prescrição de um profissional de saúde) aumentando o risco de acarretar reações adversas.

Palavras-chave: Automedicação. Idoso. Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides.
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENT OF HIGH MOISTURE CORN THRESHING DEVICE WITH LOW DAMAGE
Authors: TANG Qing , JIANG Lan , YU Wenyi , WU Jun , WANG Gang
Published: December 2024

To address the requirements of direct corn kernel harvesting in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China, this study aimed to rectify issues related to kernel damage and low threshing rates observed in the operation of existing corn kernel direct harvesting machines. Initially, a novel threshing device was designed, incorporating staggered rotary motions for the threshing cylinder and concave grate. Subsequently, the experimental factors such as the speed of threshing drum, the speed of concave grate and the threshing gap were considered on the test bench, and the indexes such as corn grain crushing rate and threshing rate were evaluated.Moreover, orthogonal testing indicated that optimal threshing performance was achieved with a threshing cylinder speed of 287 r/min, a concave grate speed of 106 r/min, and a threshing clearance of 49 mm, resulting in a kernel crushing rate of 4.12% and a threshing rate of 94.18%. These experimental findings confirm the feasibility of the Rotating Concave Screen Threshing Device, underscoring its ability to significantly enhance corn threshing rates while minimizing kernel fragmentation and damage.
A dimensão afetiva na aprendizagem de língua inglesa: estudo de caso em uma escola de idiomas
Authors: Souza Jamily Vasconcelos Caribé , Couto Leda Regina de Jesus
Published: December 2024

Na prática docente, o componente afetivo, por vezes, não encontra espaço para se expressar, ficando as relações estabelecidas entre professor e estudante limitadas a conexões de ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como a dimensão afetiva se corporifica nas relações estabelecidas entre professores e estudantes na sala de aula de Língua Inglesa em uma escola privada de idiomas em Salvador, Bahia, através dos seguintes elementos: na fala de educadores, no contato físico ou falta dele, na expressão facial e gestual, na escuta, no diálogo ou interação verbal, no gerenciamento e monitoramento de atividades didáticas. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de caso, e para sua realização foram feitas observações de aulas e entrevistas a cinco professores e dois coordenadores pedagógicos em uma escola de idiomas da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Este estudo é um convite a todos interessados em refletir sobre a formação docente em uma perspectiva menos tecnicista e mais afetiva, visto que, acreditamos ser a afetividade um diferencial no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Constatamos que a afetividade expressa por educadores e coordenadores nas relações entre eles e educandos não é fruto de uma formação acadêmica estruturada e sistemática, mas sim de uma formação não formal, demonstrando a necessidade de ampliarmos essas discussões e aprendizagens dentro da formação inicial e continuada em vias de promover uma educação emancipadora e de efetiva aprendizagem.
Psychosocial Maturity assessment on juvenile justice: A content validity analysis of a novel tool
Authors: Palacios-van Isschot Elena , Arbach Karin , Andrés-Pueyo Antonio
Published: December 2024

La madurez psicosocial (MP) es un factor potencial que influye en la toma de decisiones de los adolescentes y su comportamiento social e interpersonal. El estudio actual representa un primer paso para diseñar una nueva prueba de madurez psicosocial adecuada para evaluar este constructo en el contexto forense y en entornos de justicia juvenil. Su objetivo es establecer la validez de contenido para una nueva herramienta de evaluación. Después de una revisión de la literatura, se seleccionaron 38 ítems de diversas medidas y protocolos específicos existentes y se instruyó a 41 expertos para llevar a cabo un análisis de validez de contenido. Los resultados del Índice de Validez de Contenido muestran que el 92% de los ítems analizados fueron clasificados por los expertos como representativos del constructo, y los resultados del Índice de Validez Factorial muestran que los expertosasociaron el 79% de los ítems al constructo propuesto. En conclusión, la mayoría de los ítems se consideraron representativosdel constructo y de sus componentes individuales, proporcionando una buena base para desarrollar una herramienta de evaluación de la MP. Se plantea la relevancia e implicaciones de los resultados en las tareas judiciales.
Development of a Scale to Assess Socioemotional Skills in Argentine Children Aged 9 to 12 Years
Authors: Zamora Eliana Vanesa , Del-Valle Macarena , Gelpi-Trudo Rosario , Olsen Cintia , López-Morales Hernán , Canet-Juric Lorena , Richard’s María Marta
Published: December 2024

Las habilidades socioemocionales permiten comprender y gestionar emociones, establecer y alcanzar metas positivas, mantenerrelaciones positivas y tomar decisiones responsables. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar una escala para evaluar estas habilidades en niños argentinos de 9 a 12 años de edad. Así, 263 estudiantes de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado (promedio de edad M = 10 años, 4 meses) de Mar del Plata, Argentina, respondieron a los ítems desarrollados, junto con las escalas CERQ-k y DERS. La versión final de la escala está compuesta por 26 ítems, agrupados, según análisis factoriales, en cuatro dimensionesalineadas con la teoría de base (habilidades sociales, regulación emocional, mentalidad de crecimiento y autocontrol). La escala mostró una adecuada consistencia interna (α = .87), estabilidad test-retest (r = .67), evidencia de validez de contenido según juicios de expertos, y de validez de criterio a través de asociaciones con estrategias adaptativas y dificultades en la regulación emocional. Esta escala permite una evaluación sencilla y confiable de las habilidades socioemocionales, en contextos de investigación, clínicos y educativos.