bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Bilateral Anesthesia Mumps after Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia: A Rare Case and Literature Review
Authors: Montazeri Narges , Darabi Mohammad Hassan , Hessami Kamran , Shekouhi Ramin , Sohooli Maryam , Shamsi Tahereh , Bagheri Fateme , Shahrbaf Mohammad Amin
Published: October 2022

A 30-year-old pregnant female presented to the emergency department with labor pain in her 39th week of pregnancy. Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia was the chosen route of delivery for this patient due to previous cesarean section in her first pregnancy. The delivery itself was uneventful but seven hours after the surgery, bilateral swelling of parotid glands were noted. Rehydration therapy and a single dose of hydrocortisone (100 mg IV route) were administered, and swellings were completely resolved on postoperative day 2. This is one of the rare cases of anesthesia mumps after spinal anesthesia, and we think rehydration therapy and the single dose corticosteroid may prove useful in these cases.
Systematic Analysis of CXC Chemokine–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Network in Colonic Adenocarcinoma from the Perspective of Angiogenesis
Authors: Situ Yongli , Lu Xiaoyong , Cui Yongshi , Xu Qinying , Deng Li , Lin Hao , Shao Zheng , Chen Jv
Published: October 2022

Background. Tumor angiogenesis plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and CXC chemokines have been shown to play vital roles in angiogenesis. Exploring the expression level, gene regulatory network, prognostic value, and target prediction of the CXC chemokine‐VEGFA network in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is crucial from the perspective of tumor angiogenesis. Methods. In this study, we analyzed gene expression and regulation, prognostic value, target prediction, and immune infiltrates related to the CXC chemokine‐VEGFA network in patients with COAD using multiple databases (cBioPortal, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, GeneMANIA, GEPIA, TIMER (version 2.0), TRRUST (version 2), LinkedOmics, and Metascape). Results. Our results showed that CXCL1/2/3/5/6/8/11/16/17 and VEGFA were markedly overexpressed, while CXCL12/13/14 were underexpressed in patients with COAD. Moreover, genetic alterations in the CXC chemokine‐VEGFA network found at varying rates in patients with COAD were as follows: CXCL1/2/17 (2.1%), CXCL3/16 (2.6%), CXCL5/14 (2.4%), CXCL6 (3%), CXCL8 (0.8%), CXCL11/13 (1.9%), CXCL12 (0.6%), and VEGFA (1.3%). Promoter methylation of CXCL1/2/3/11/13/17 was considerably lower in patients with COAD, whereas methylation of CXCL5/6/12/14 and VEGFA was considerably higher. Furthermore, CXCL9/10/11 and VEGFA expression was notably correlated with the pathological stages of COAD. In addition, patients with COAD with high CXCL8/11/14 or low VEGFA expression levels survived longer than patients with dissimilar expression levels. CXC chemokines and VEGFA form a complex regulatory network through coexpression, colocalization, and genetic interactions. Moreover, many transcription factor targets of the CXC chemokine‐VEGFA network in patients with COAD were identified: RELA, NFKB1, ZFP36, XBP1, HDAC2, SP1, ATF4, EP300, BRCA1, ESR1, HIF1A, EGR1, STAT3, and JUN. We further identified the top three miRNAs involved in regulating each CXC chemokine within the network: miR‐518C, miR‐369‐3P, and miR‐448 regulated CXCL1; miR‐518C, miR‐218, and miR‐493 regulated CXCL2; miR‐448, miR‐369‐3P, and miR‐221 regulated CXCL3; miR‐423 regulated CXCL13; miR‐378, miR‐381, and miR‐210 regulated CXCL14; miR‐369‐3P, miR‐382, and miR‐208 regulated CXCL17; miR‐486 and miR‐199A regulated VEGFA. Furthermore, the CXC chemokine‐VEGFA network in patients with COAD was notably associated with immune infiltration. Conclusions. This study revealed that the CXC chemokine‐VEGFA network might act as a prognostic biomarker for patients with COAD. Moreover, our study provides new therapeutic targets for COAD, serving as a reference for further research in the future.
A Review of the Research on the Evaluation Metrics for Automatic Grammatical Error Correction System
Authors: Long Manli , Wang Yan , Peng Yifei , Huang Wanwu
Published: October 2022

The evaluation of an automatic grammatical error correction system is an important content in the field of automatic grammatical error correction. This paper summarizes the technical routes of the four most representative evaluation metrics of the automatic grammatical error correction systems. Firstly, it introduces the characteristics and composition of each metric, then summarizes its defects, and finally puts forward some suggestions for the future development of the metrics. This paper holds that the application of natural language processing technology should be strengthened in the future development of evaluation metrics.
Improvement in Automatic Speech Recognition of South Asian Accent Using Transfer Learning of DeepSpeech2
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Ahmed , Rehmat Asim , Ghani Khan Muhammad Usman , Yousaf Muhammad Haroon
Published: October 2022

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has ensured a convenient and fast mode of communication between humans and computers. It has become more accurate over the passage of time. However, in majority of ASR systems, the models have been trained using native English accents. While they serve best for native English speakers, their accuracy drops drastically for non-native English accents. Our proposed model covers this limitation for non-native English accents. We fine-tuned the DeepSpeech2 model, pretrained on the native English accent dataset by LibriSpeech. We retrain the model on a subset of the common voice dataset having only South Asian accents using the proposed novel loss function. We experimented with three different layer configurations of model to learn the best features for South Asian accents. Three evaluation parameters, word error rate (WER), match error rate (MER), and word information loss (WIL) were used. The results show that DeepSpeech2 can perform significantly well for South Asian accents if the weights of initial convolutional layers are retained while updating weights of deeper layers in the model (i.e., RNN and fully connected layers). Our model gave WER of 18.08%, which is the minimum error achieved for non-native English accents in comparison with the original model.
[Retracted] A Case Study of the Famous Fantasia under the Development Variation Environment Monitoring to Analyze the Characteristics of the Composition of the Suite
Authors: He Yanan , Kang Qin
Published: October 2022

In order to better grasp the quintessence of Brahms’s suite‐style piano suite and guide researchers and music creators, this thesis takes Brahms’s late representative work Fantasia Op.116 as the research object and attempts based on the perspective of environmental monitoring of development and changes to analyze creative individuality in his seven works as well as the unity of the whole structure under the “developing variation” through elaborating the theory of “developing variation,” the creative features of works in Fantasia Op.116, and the unity of the materials under the “developing variation” from the perspective of creative techniques. The thesis finds that, on the one hand, Brahms used pitch interval structural capacity, nontraditional harmony, personalized rhythmic counterpoint, and prose structure and other specific variation techniques, embodying individuation differences and expanding the techniques used in the classical period; on the other hand, he changed, derived, and extended the theme motivation in works, specifically embodying the using of “developing variation” in his seven works, which solves the problems of unity and interconnectedness among works and provides inspirations for the creation of piano suites by later composers.
Influence of Pier Size on its Failure Mode under Near-Fault Vertical Earthquake
Authors: Xia Houzheng , An Wenjun , Zhou Lin
Published: October 2022

To calculate the influence of pier size on the pier failure mode, a double-span continuous girder bridge model was selected for analysis. The transient wave function expansion method was used to calculate the excitation conditions required for pier separation and the limit solution of pier longitudinal deformation under pier separation, and the indirect mode superposition method was used to calculate the vertical impact force of the pier-beam. The calculation results show that the higher the pier height, the smaller the section size, the larger the vertical seismic acceleration required to separate the pier-beam, the smaller the vertical contact force of the pier-beam, and the larger the most unfavorable value of the longitudinal deformation of the pier caused by separation. The stress of the bridge pier before and after separation is compared and the influence of separation on the failure of the bridge pier is put forward. The study shows that when pier and beam separation occurs, there may be multiple failure modes superimposed on the pier, and the first failure mode will have variation with the change in pier size.
Research on Heading Control of USV with the Lateral Thruster
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Jianqiang , Wang Hongbin , Li Yi , Sui Bowen
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem of low speed and stable course tracking of the small unmanned surface vessel (USV), the lateral thruster are added to the driving structure of the USV, and a backstepping control method is designed. By introducing the Lyapunov function, the course tracking error can converge to the region near the desired course and meet the transient and steady performance of the system at the same time. The adaptive control is applied to the lateral thrust control and the closed-loop system remains stable for a finite time. The Lyapunov direct method is used to prove the controller, which greatly simplifies the tedious parameter adjustment problem in traditional control. The simulation results show that the designed controller can make the USV track the specified value stably at low speed and meet the requirements of the USV heading robustness under dynamic conditions.
Scramble-Based Secret Key Generation Algorithm in Physical Layer Security
Authors: Wang Dan , Chen Feng , Chen Yongtai , Zheng Mingjie , Zheng Jingui
Published: October 2022

As a new way to enhance wireless communication security, secret key generation based on physical layer channel characteristics has emerged. In this paper, we propose a novel secret key generation algorithm based on wireless channel characteristics for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. The mean quantization algorithm is applied to quantize the real part and imaginary part of OFDM subcarriers, respectively, which can significantly increase the length of the generated secret key in the OFDM system. To reduce the consistency between the secret keys generated by the eavesdropper and the legitimate communication nodes, a processing method by taking the subcarrier phase as initialization of a scrambling code and scrambling the quantized result is proposed. The simulation and test results show that compared with the existing research, the proposed algorithm can improve the key generation rate (KGR), reduce the key mismatch rate (KMR) and complexity, maintain high randomness, and disturb the eavesdroppers.
Mechanisms of Xiaochaihu Decoction on Treating Hepatic Fibrosis Explored by Network Pharmacology
Authors: Qiang Rui , Zhang Ya , Wang Yanhong
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To explore the material basis and pharmacological mechanism of Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD), the classic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis (HF). Methods. The main components in XCHD were screened from the TCMSP database, ETCM database, and literature, and their potential targets were detected and predicted using the Swiss Target Prediction platform. The HF-related targets were retrieved and screened through GeneCard database and OMIM database, combined with GEO gene chips. The XCHD targets and HF targets were mapped to search common targets. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was acquired via the STRING11.0 database and analyzed visually using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. The potential mechanisms of the common targets identified through GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by using Metascape database. The results were visualized through OmicShare Tools. The “XCHD compound-HF target” network was visually constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. AutoDockVina1.1.2 and PyMoL software were used to verify the molecular docking of XCHD main active compounds and HF key targets. Results. A total of 164 potential active compounds from XCHD were screened to act on 95 HF-related targets. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that quercetin, β-sitosterol, and kaempferol may be candidate agents, which acted on multiple targets like PTGS2, HSP90AA1, and PTGS1 and regulate multiple key biological pathways like IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to relieve HF. Moreover, molecular docking suggested that quercetin and PTGS2 could statically bind and interact with each other through amino acid residues val-349, LEU-352, PHE-381, etc. Conclusion. This work provides a systems perspective to study the relationship between Chinese medicines and diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of XCHD on HF was the sum of multitarget and multi-approach effects from the bioactive ingredients. This study could be one of the cornerstones for further research.
AKAP12 and RNF11 as Diagnostic Markers of Fibromyalgia and Their Correlation with Immune Infiltration
Authors: Lin Xiaowen , Zhang Kangda , Meng Tao
Published: October 2022

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic nonarticular rheumatic disease mainly characterized by diffuse disseminated skeletal muscle pain, with varied symptoms including anxiety, sleep disturbance, and fatigue. Due to its unknown etiology and pathogenesis, FM is easily ignored in clinical practice, resulting in unclear diagnosis and difficult treatment. This study is aimed at investigating whether AKAP12 and RNF11 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of FM and at determining their correlation with immune infiltration. The FM dataset in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was downloaded and was randomly divided into the training and test sets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and functional correlation analysis was performed. Diagnostic markers of FM were screened and validated by random forest (RF). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm was then used to evaluate immune cell infiltration in the FM patients’ peripheral blood. Finally, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to identify correlation between the diagnostic indexes and immune cell infiltration. A total of 69 DEGs were selected. Results indicated that AKAP12 and RNF11 can be used as diagnostic markers of FM, and CD8 + T cells might contribute in the pathogenesis of FM. In addition, AKAP12 was positively correlated with CD8 + T cells, while RNF11 was negatively correlated with CD8 + T cells. In conclusion, AKAP12 and RNF11 can be used as diagnostic indicators of FM, and CD8 + T cells may be involved in the occurrence and development of FM.
GRACED: A Novel Fragile Watermarking for Speech Based on Endpoint Detection
Authors: Zhou Shuyun , Song Meixin , Qian Qing , Liao Wenjing , Gong Xiaofeng
Published: October 2022

Content authentication and tampering detection of multimedia is a vital application by using digital watermarking. In this paper, we propose a novel fraGile wateRmArking of speeCh based on Endpoint Detection (namely GRACED) to verify the integrity of speech. Firstly, speech signal is framed word by word and each speech frame includes one intact nonsilence word. Subsequently, feature fusion is adopted to generate the fragile watermark which will be embedded into the coefficients of hybrid domain of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Finally, the tampering detection is accomplished without using any synchronous code to detect kinds of attacks. Several experiments are executed in order to quantify the performance of the proposed method. Experimental evaluation and comparisons with other schemes demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed method is high with a favorable imperceptibility. Additionally, the tampering localization of various malicious attacks can be achieved without using synchronous code and the proposed scheme even can determine the attack types.
A Rare Case of a Bladder Neck Abscess Masquerading as a Benign Mass
Authors: Abdullatif Victor A. , Novack Jacob , Shalhoub Philip J. , Campbell Todd G. , Abbott Joel E.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Bladder neck abscesses are rare urologic pathologies with very few cases published in modern literature. This report explores a case of a bladder neck mass incidentally found on computed tomography (CT) imaging in a patient with an iliopsoas abscess. Case Presentation. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman who was recently treated for sepsis secondary to an iliopsoas abscess in July of 2022. A CT scan revealed an indeterminate structure in the posterior inferior left paramedian bladder wall. During a cystoscopy with transurethral resection of the mass, an abscess was uncovered and evacuated. A postoperative Foley catheter was left in place, and the patient recovered without any complications. Conclusion. At the time of publication, the patient feels well and denies pain or lower urinary tract symptoms. Although bladder abscesses are exceptionally rare, incidental findings during cystoscopy may warrant further investigation in patients with comorbid abscesses.
Successful Thrombectomy for Large Vessel Occlusion after Emergent Transoceanic Patient Transport: An International Hub and Spoke Collaboration
Authors: Gadani Sachin P. , Gayle Francene , Jones Phillip , Gailloud Phillipe , Faigle Roland , Urrutia Victor C.
Published: October 2022

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion, but the capacity to deliver this treatment can be limited in less populous areas and island territories. Here, we describe the case of a man who developed right MCA syndrome while in Bermuda who was successfully diagnosed, transported over 800 miles to the East Coast of the USA, and treated with MT within 24 h. This case underscores the benefits of having organized systems of care and demonstrates the feasibility of urgent transoceanic patient transportation for stroke requiring MT.
Adolescents’ Alcohol Use and Related Expectancies before and during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the Nationwide MyLife Study
Authors: Burdzovic Andreas Jasmina , Brunborg Geir Scott
Published: October 2022

Introduction: We examined a range of alcohol use indicators among Norwegian adolescents before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We examined two cohorts of Norwegian 16-year-olds from the nationwide MyLife study who entered high school in fall 2020 (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic cohort; n = 915) and fall 2019/18 (i.e., prepandemic cohort; n = 1,621). Through e-surveys, adolescents reported their past year drinking frequencies and quantities (generating the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise; AUDIT-C scores) and completed Social Facilitation (SF) and Tension Reduction (TR) subscales of the Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Scale. Cohort differences across these outcomes were examined with linear and modified Poisson regression models. Results: There were no cohort differences in the proportion of adolescents who reported drinking in the past year or in drinking/binge drinking frequencies. However, alcohol quantities consumed on a typical drinking day were 1/3 of a drink greater in the COVID-19 cohort than in the prepandemic cohort; aIRR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.02–1.25). These consumption differences compounded into significantly greater AUDIT-C scores (aIRR [95% CI] = 1.16 [1.02–1.32]) and positive AUDIT-C screens (31.2% vs. 26.4%; aRR [95% CI] = 1.21 [1.07–1.36]) in the COVID-19 cohort. In terms of alcohol-related expectancies, there were no SF differences, but the COVID-19 cohort reported significantly greater TR expectancies; b (95% CI) = 0.11 (0.02–0.20). Conclusion: Despite the 2020 lockdown, Norwegian adolescents who started high school during the first pandemic year did not differ from their prepandemic peers in terms of how many of them drank, how often they drank, or in prosocial expectations they had of alcohol use. However, they consumed greater alcohol quantities per drinking day, had greater AUDIT-C scores, and reported greater tension reduction expectations of alcohol use. These results underscore the value of examining adolescents’ alcohol-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic above and beyond the basic drinking prevalence and frequencies.
Efficacy of Arsenicum album 30C in the Prevention of COVID-19 in Individuals Residing in Containment Areas: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cluster-Randomized, Parallel-Arm, Community-Based, Open-Label Study
Authors: Nayak Debadatta , Devarajan Karthikeyan , Pal Partha Pratim , Ponnam Hima Bindu , Jain Nidhi , Shastri Vipul , Bawaskar Ramesh , Chinta Raveendar , Khurana Anil ,   COVID-19 Study Group
Published: October 2022

Objective: During the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacologic interventions were the strategies for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, had advised Arsenicum album 30C as a prophylactic to prevent COVID-19. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective efficacy and safety of the Arsenicum album 30C. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, cluster-randomized, parallel-arm, community-based, open-label study involving apparently healthy individuals residing in containment areas of 7 cities in India. Clusters are defined as the population residing in the containment areas, who are under restriction for movement. Forty-two clusters were randomly assigned at 2:1 to the Arsenicum album 30C group (30 clusters) or to the control group (12 clusters, which received no specific therapy). The medicine was given twice daily for 7 days. The primary outcome was the incidence of COVID-19, as per the case definition notified by the National Centre for Disease Control, Government of India, during 3-week follow-up period. Results: The analysis included 32,186 individuals residing in 42 clusters (containment areas). A total of 22,693 individuals from 30 clusters received Arsenicum album 30C, and 9,493 individuals from 12 clusters were observed in the control group. The overall protective effect of the Arsenicum album 30C was 80.22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.16–86.44; 40 cases per 22,693 [6.04 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the Arsenicum album 30C group vs. 84 cases per 9,493 [29.78 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the control group). The protective effect of the Arsenicum album 30C against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was 68.22% (95% [CI], 49.64–80; 32 cases per 22,693 [4.83 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the Arsenicum album 30C group vs. 42 cases per 9,493 [14.93 per 10,000 person-weeks] in the control group). Adverse effects observed in both groups were mild and resolved without medication and sequelae. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicine Arsenicum album 30C was associated with a decrease in the incidence and provided some protection against COVID-19 as compared to nontreatment. Further randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials may be conducted to validate the results of this study.
Sustainable Nutrition and Sport
Authors: Vanderstraeten Ria
Published: October 2022

At the Change Now Summit 2022, Paris 2024 President Tony Estanguet presented the Organising Committee’s catering strategy for the Games. The ambition is at the height of the challenge with 13 million meals served during the Olympic and Paralympic Games and strong commitments that will guide their preparation. The Paris 2024 Organising Committee has worked with relevant stakeholders (from the agricultural and catering sectors, NGOs, experts, nutritionists, partners - Sodexo Live!, Coca-Cola - , athletes, chefs, etc.) to enhance French expertise and promote social and environmental practices that are more sustainable during the Games.
Memórias, Materialidades e Narrativas na Doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Costa Bárbara Rossin
Published: October 2022

Na literatura biomédica, demência é um termo genérico utilizado para descrever uma constelação de condições progressivas, incuráveis e comumente associadas ao processo de envelhecimento. Neste artigo, procuro refletir sobre o trabalho de reconstrução e administração das memórias de pessoas diagnosticadas com a Doença de Alzheimer e/ou outras demências em um serviço multiprofissional de saúde. Como material de análise, apresento alguns casos e relatos da minha pesquisa etnográfica no Centro de Referência em Atenção à Saúde do Idoso, da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Tratarei de descrever parte das dinâmicas observadas, as técnicas que orientam os profissionais de saúde em suas práticas laborais e o protagonismo de alguns artefatos na manutenção da saúde e cuidado. A partir desse compósito de experiências, espero, por fim, analisar os meios pelos quais as memórias autobiográficas e a cognição podem ser encarnadas e entrelaçadas aos fluxos materiais.
New Design Knowledge and the Fifth Order of Design
Authors: Mortati Marzia
Published: October 2022

In this article, I examine the foundations of design knowledge and how they have been disrupted as the design discipline moves progressively away from industrial production. I consider design knowledge as a collection of different cognitive processes for developing artifacts for the human-made world. Adopting David Kolb's (1984, p.38) definition of learning as “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience,” I discuss the change in design knowledge by examining how the characteristics of designed items have changed. Building on theories by Neri Oxman and Richard Buchanan, I identify relevant areas of design practice in which creativity is breaking free from disciplinary silos to flow between physical, digital, metaphysical, and biological layers. I then propose an updated map of the orders of design as a thinking tool and compass. I read the evolutions of design as it enters the Fifth Order of concerns, characterized by the centrality of data both as input and as output to a design process. Today, design deals with relationships and perceptions; it dialogues with people and all species ranging from machines to micro-organisms, all of which actively participate in reaching objectives. Here, design creates conversations to achieve several goals, including engagement, discovery, and decision making. Finally, I propose a shift in the traditional principles of designing, moving away from the idea of perfect solutions and toward learning systems that are good enough for now.
Using Motor Tempi to Understand Rhythm and Grammatical Skills in Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Language Development
Authors: Ladányi Enikő , Novakovic Michaela , Boorom Olivia A. , Aaron Allison S. , Scartozzi Alyssa C. , Gustavson Daniel E. , Nitin Rachana , Bamikole Peter O. , Vaughan Chloe , Fromboluti Elisa Kim , Schuele C. Melanie , Camarata Stephen M. , McAuley J. Devin , Gordon Reyna L.
Published: October 2022

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show relative weaknesses on rhythm tasks beyond their characteristic linguistic impairments. The current study compares preferred tempo and the width of an entrainment region for 5- to 7-year-old typically developing (TD) children and children with DLD and considers the associations with rhythm aptitude and expressive grammar skills in the two populations. Preferred tempo was measured with a spontaneous motor tempo task (tapping tempo at a comfortable speed), and the width (range) of an entrainment region was measured by the difference between the upper (slow) and lower (fast) limits of tapping a rhythm normalized by an individual’s spontaneous motor tempo. Data from N = 16 children with DLD and N = 114 TD children showed that whereas entrainment-region width did not differ across the two groups, slowest motor tempo, the determinant of the upper (slow) limit of the entrainment region, was at a faster tempo in children with DLD vs. TD. In other words, the DLD group could not pace their slow tapping as slowly as the TD group. Entrainment-region width was positively associated with rhythm aptitude and receptive grammar even after taking into account potential confounding factors, whereas expressive grammar did not show an association with any of the tapping measures. Preferred tempo was not associated with any study variables after including covariates in the analyses. These results motivate future neuroscientific studies of low-frequency neural oscillatory mechanisms as the potential neural correlates of entrainment-region width and their associations with musical rhythm and spoken language processing in children with typical and atypical language development.
Auditory Word Comprehension Is Less Incremental in Isolated Words
Authors: Gaston Phoebe , Brodbeck Christian , Phillips Colin , Lau Ellen
Published: October 2022

Partial speech input is often understood to trigger rapid and automatic activation of successively higher-level representations of words, from sound to meaning. Here we show evidence from magnetoencephalography that this type of incremental processing is limited when words are heard in isolation as compared to continuous speech. This suggests a less unified and automatic word recognition process than is often assumed. We present evidence from isolated words that neural effects of phoneme probability, quantified by phoneme surprisal, are significantly stronger than (statistically null) effects of phoneme-by-phoneme lexical uncertainty, quantified by cohort entropy. In contrast, we find robust effects of both cohort entropy and phoneme surprisal during perception of connected speech, with a significant interaction between the contexts. This dissociation rules out models of word recognition in which phoneme surprisal and cohort entropy are common indicators of a uniform process, even though these closely related information-theoretic measures both arise from the probability distribution of wordforms consistent with the input. We propose that phoneme surprisal effects reflect automatic access of a lower level of representation of the auditory input (e.g., wordforms) while the occurrence of cohort entropy effects is task sensitive, driven by a competition process or a higher-level representation that is engaged late (or not at all) during the processing of single words.
The Politics of Language Choice in Haredi Communities in Israel
Authors: Munro Heather L.
Published: October 2022

Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Israel, this article explores the politics of language choice as a part of the negotiation of Haredi identity. Yiddish choice can be a subtle resistance to the Zionist project, of which Israeli Hebrew is a part. Certain Hasidic groups, and some very strict Lithuanian Haredi Jews, speak Yiddish, while others have adopted Israeli Hebrew. These choices illuminate ideologies of these groups, attitudes towards the State, and the levels of the community’s and individual’s civic-mindedness. Haredi attitudes towards the State exist on a spectrum, which may or may not correlate to the community’s language choice. Instead, language choice illuminates how Haredi individuals negotiate their minority identity and their relationship with the State and Zionist ideology. Language choice clarifies how internal divisions are negotiated, identities are formed and reformed, and how these choices impact the Haredi world’s interaction with the State of Israel.
Four new species of Hysterocinetida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) from the digestive tract of earthworms collected to the lower Nyong estuary (South Coast, Cameroon)
Authors: NANA PAUL ALAIN , TCHAKONTE SIMEON , MAMA ANSELME CREPIN , ONANA FILS MAMERT , FOKAM ZEPHYRIN , NGASSAM PIERRE , MASSERET ESTELLE , NOLA MOÏSE , SIME-NGANDO TELESPHORE
Published: October 2022

Hysterocinetida are a large assemblage of ciliates characterized by sucker and buccal apparatus. They have a wide distribution in the digestive tract of oligochaete annelids of the genus Alma that inhabit hydromorphic parts of non-anthropic hydrosystems. On the basis of morphological, morphometric and infraciliature characteristics revealed by ammoniacal silver carbonate and 4’,6-Diamidino-2-Phenyl Indole (DAPI) staining techniques, four forms were identified as new members belonging to three genera: Preptychostomum, Proptychostomum and Thurstonia. Preptychostomum donendaensis n. sp. is ovoid with a slightly narrowed anterior part and is commensal to the digestive tract of Alma emini and A. nilotica. There are 20–23 kineties on the lower side and 42–45 on the upper side. Proptychostomum gigas n. sp. is pear-shaped, with a narrowed anterior part and a wide posterior part (125–138 µm × 80–85 µm). There are 40 to 44 kineties, equally distributed on both sides of the ciliate. Its sucker is circular and measures 31–34 µm in diameter. The peristome follows the contour of the cell and the infundibulum has a turn of spire. Thurstonia emini n. sp. is identified in the digestive tract of A. emini. The cell is elongate, with the anterior pole narrower than the truncate posterior pole (90–115 µm × 40–55 µm). The kineties are equally distributed on both sides of the ciliate. The sucker is in the shape of an inverted U. Thurtonia nilotica n. sp. is commensal of the digestive tract of A. nilotica. The cell is pear-shaped, with the anterior part narrowed and the posterior part swollen (110–114 µm × 85–92 µm). 46 to 50 kineties are unevenly distributed on both sides of the ciliate. The sucker is shaped like an inverted lunar crescent.
The subfamily Pachyotominae in Mexico (Collembola: Isotomidae) with description of a new Pachyotoma species
Authors: PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G. , ARBEA JAVIER I.
Published: October 2022

Pachyotoma primamexicana sp. nov, from Popocatépetl, Mexico is described; it is similar to Pachyotoma alpa (Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980) and P. muskegis (Guthrier, 1903). It can be distinguished from all other the members of the genus by the small size of PAO (about half the size of closest eye) and the formula (2,3,3) of the slightly capitate tenent hairs. An identification key for Nearctic Pachyotominae and a table with diagnostic morphological characters to the Nearctic species of the genus with integument clearly granulated is given. Three new records of species from Mexico are listed: Pachyotoma crassicauda (Tullberg, 1871), Coloburella octogenaria (Mills & Schmidt, 1957) and Bonetrura boneti (Yosii, 1962). A discussion on the distribution of the subfamily Pachyotominae and some notes on the biogeography of the subfamily are provided.
Pethia dikhuensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species from Nagaland, Northeast, India
Authors: PRAVEENRAJ JAYASIMHAN , LIMAAKUM  , KNIGHT JOHN DANIEL MARCUS , MOULITHARAN NALLATHAMBI , IMCHEN NUNGSANGTEMJEN
Published: October 2022

A new species of Pethia from Nagaland, northeastern India is distinguished from all its congeners in the Ganges-Brahmaputra drainage, Kaladan drainage and the Chindwin- Ayeyarwady drainage by the following combination of characters: lateral line complete with 22–23 pored scales up to tail-fin base, 3rd and 4th lateral line scales with minute humeral spot, a large elliptical to rounded black blotch covering 16th to 18th, or 17th to 19th lateral-line scales; live male specimens with reddish-green body above lateral line and reddish-orange beneath; dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal and caudal fins reddish-orange; dorsal fin in both sexes with broad black submargin. Genetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase unit I (cox1) suggests that the species is distinct from other known species of Pethia for which data are available.
Some Refinements to the Most Recent Simple Time-Dependent Theory of Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Tan Zhe-Min , Li Yuanlong
Published: October 2022

Several key issues in the simple time-dependent theories of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification developed in recent years remain, including the lack of a closure for the pressure dependence of saturation enthalpy at sea surface temperature (SST) under the eyewall and the definition of environmental conditions, such as the boundary layer enthalpy in TC environment and the TC outflow-layer temperature. In this study, some refinements to the most recent time-dependent theory of TC intensification have been accomplished to resolve those issues. The first is the construction of a functional relationship between the surface pressure under the eyewall and the TC intensity, which is derived using the cyclostrophic wind balance and calibrated using full-physics axisymmetric model simulations. The second is the definition of TC environment that explicitly includes the air–sea temperature difference. The third is the TC outflow-layer temperature parameterized as a linear function of SST based on global reanalysis data. With these refinements, the updated time-dependent theory becomes self-contained and can give both the intensity-dependent TC intensification rate (IR) and the maximum potential intensity (MPI) under given environmental thermodynamic conditions. It is shown that the pressure dependence of saturation enthalpy at SST can lead to an increase in the TC MPI and IR by about half of that induced by dissipative heating due to surface friction. Results also show that both MPI and IR increase with increasing SST, surface enthalpy exchange coefficient, environmental air–sea temperature difference, and decreasing environmental boundary layer relative humidity, but the maximum IR is insensitive to surface drag coefficient.

Significance Statement

A new advancement in the recent decade is the development of simple time-dependent theories of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification, which can provide quantitative understanding of TC intensity change. However, several key issues in these simple time-dependent theories remain, including the lack of a closure for the pressure dependence of saturation enthalpy at sea surface temperature under the eyewall and the definition of environmental conditions. These are resolved in this study with several refinements, which make the most recent time-dependent theory of TC intensification self-contained and practical.
Sea Ice Motion Vector Retrievals from AMSR2 89-GHz Data: Validation Algorithm with Simultaneous Multichannel Observations
Authors: Yoshizawa Eri , Kamoshida Takashi , Shimada Koji
Published: October 2022

In retrievals of sea ice motion vectors (SIMVs) based on passive microwave observations, the use of the high-resolution 89-GHz channel of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) has the advantage of enhancing the theoretical precision of correlation-based motion tracking. However, its higher sensitivity to atmospheric moisture than lower-frequency channels links maximum cross-correlation peaks to outlier vectors and obscures signals of valid vectors. This study develops an algorithm to select valid vectors from candidates detected by multiple cross-correlation peaks based on validations with large-scale sea ice displacements extracted from 19- and 37-GHz data after questionable vectors are prefiltered by comparing them with reanalysis surface wind and neighboring vectors. The algorithm selects a vector corresponding to large-scale motion as the optimal vector. The retrieved results from 2013 to 2020 show that by replacing outlier vectors with valid ones detected by second or third cross-correlation peaks, validation with simultaneous observations enables retrieval of more than 60% of the Arctic motion field from 89-GHz data in winter but only 10% in summer; therefore, lower-frequency data are employed for retrievals. The uncertainty assessment using in situ data from acoustic measurements from ocean moorings shows that the algorithm provides daily SIMVs with root-mean-square errors of only 1–2 cm s–1 in idealized winter conditions with the absence of diurnal brightness temperature (Tb) changes that make tracking of the similarity of Tb fields difficult. The analysis also illustrates the applicability limit of the algorithm for summer retrievals.

Significance Statement

An algorithm was developed to validate sea ice motion vectors retrieved from AMSR2 89-GHz data by those from lower-frequency data. The validation via simultaneous observations enabled that valid vectors are sorted from invalid ones resulting from weather effects.
Hygrothermal aging behavior and flexural property of carbon fiber-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol composites
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Xingzu , Liu Yang , Ouyang Yiwei , Li Wenbin , Chen Dongzhi , Ye Dezhan
Published: October 2022

Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites during engineering applications can be influenced by critical environmental conditions (e.g., water and temperature), probably causing a negative impact on the mechanical performance. In this work, the hygrothermal aging behavior and flexural property of carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) composites were investigated at different aging temperatures and days. The CF/PETG composites were fabricated using the hot-press molding method. The mathematical fitting model and finite element analysis method were employed to reveal the hygrothermal aging behavior and the moisture absorption evolution. After 90 days of aging, the water uptakes of the specimens at 25°C, 45°C, and 60°C are 0.55%, 0.62%, and 1.67% for PETG and 0.47%, 0.54%, and 1.52% for CF/PETG, respectively. The flexural strengths of the CF/PETG composites at 25°C, 45°C, and 60°C after 90 days of aging decrease by 28.6%, 30.2%, and 32.2% as compared with the non-aging composites, respectively. The water uptakes of the CF/PETG composites tend to increase with the increase in cyclic aging time interval. The flexural strengths of the composites with the cyclic aging intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 15 days first decrease and then increase slightly. The knowledge gained in this study will benefit future design optimization of the CF/PETG composite material and lay the foundation for its engineering application.
Stretchable three-dimensional tunable frequency selective fabric of U-shaped units and its electromagnetic response mechanism
Authors: Chen Jianying , Zhang Hengyu , Ji Hui , Wang Fumei , Xiao Hong
Published: October 2022

Three-dimensional frequency selective fabric, based on textile or textile composite materials, is formed by adding another dimension in the longitude along the two-dimensional (2D) plane, and has the characteristics of miniaturization and multi-resonant frequency compared to the traditional 2D frequency selective fabric. In this paper, tunable three-dimensional frequency selective fabric (3D TFSF) forming a U-shaped array is proposed. The U-shaped unit is composed of two velvets and a dipole at the bottom. Through analysis of the physical samples, the geometric model of the 3D TFSF stretched along the x-axis and the y-axis during the stretching process was established. The velvets of the 3D TFSF were studied in both oblique and upright states during stretching. The 3D TFSF has good tunability, while the velvets remain upright when stretched, and it has the characteristics of stable resonance frequency under small strain and adjustable resonance frequency under large strain. By stretching, because the shape and size of the U-shaped conductive units can be changed, the equivalent inductance ( L) and capacitance ( C) of 3D TFSF can change during stretching to realize the tuning of resonant frequency. The 3D TFSF offers more design freedom and possibilities. Significant effects of wave absorption or selective filtering by the periodic structure can be achieved by regulating the structural parameters and material parameters together.
Chitosan: A biopolymer for textile processes and products
Authors: Elamri Adel , Zdiri Khmais , Hamdaoui Mohamed , Harzallah Omar
Published: October 2022

Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of the abundant natural chitin polymer. It has found its use in many applications due to its unique solubility as well as chemical and biological properties. In addition to its biodegradability and biocompatibility, it has many reactive amino side groups that offer the possibilities of chemical modification and formation of a large variety of beneficial derivatives.

Numerous researchers have published works outlining the physical and chemical properties of chitosan, as well as its use in several industries, such as medical, environmental and food. Due to its excellent absorption and biological properties, chitosan present a myriad of opportunities in eco-friendly textile processes. Chitosan is able to confer antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-odor and other biological activities to textile fibers and fabrics.

In this review, the first part is dedicated to developing the physio-chemical and biological characteristics of chitosan. Then, we present chitosan applications in the textile industry over the past decade. Literature works on chitosan usage along with different textile production steps (fiber formation, functional treatments, dyeing and effluent treatment) are extensively discussed.
Study on an innovative knitting technology of spacer fabrics and the low-velocity impact properties of its composites
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Song Xiaoxia
Published: October 2022

Spacer fabric has a variety of spacer structures which can exhibit different physical properties. Traditional double-layer U-shape (rectangular structure) spacer fabrics have been used in a variety of applications. Among the geometric structures, triangles are more stable than others. This paper introduces a knitting technique for an innovative double-layer V-shape (triangular structure) weft-knitted spacer fabric. The innovative V-shape and traditional U-shape weft-knitted spacer fabrics are knitted on a computerized flat knitting machine. Tensile tests are carried out in course and wale direction for these weft-knitted spacer fabrics, and their force-displacement curves are compared. The results show that V-shape weft-knitted spacer fabric has a tensile force of 2605.63 N in course, which is higher than U-shape. This paper also presents an experimental study on the compressive behavior of these weft-knitted spacer fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid when subjected to low-velocity impact loadings. The experiments prove that the composites of innovative structures show higher energy absorption and lower peak load than traditional structures. Weft-knitted spacer fabrics impregnated with shear thickening fluid also show better performance than pure weft-knitted spacer fabric.
Case Report of a Patient With Posttraumatic Perilymphatic Fistula
Authors: Koksal Ali , Ayyildiz Veysel , Ogul Hayri , Kantarci Mecit
Published: October 2022

On a perilymphatic fistula, there is an extravasation of the perilymph fluid into the middle ear cavity. Cross-sectional imaging techniques have very important role in evaluation of inner and middle ear structures and temporal bone. While thin section CT scans can show successfully pneumolabyrinth and temporal bone fracture, high-resolution 3D volumetric MRI sequences can help to demonstrate posttraumatic ear effusion and cerebrospinal fluid fistula into inner ear or middle ear.