bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grazing kangaroos act as local recyclers of energy on semiarid floodplains
Authors: Iles Jordan , Kelleway Jeff , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Mazumder Debashish , Knowles Lisa , Priddel David , Saintilan Neil
Published: September 2010

On Australian semiarid floodplains, large herbivores such as kangaroos have a role in the cycling of energy (carbon) through the mechanism of feeding and defaecation of vegetative material. The degree to which kangaroos are vectors of energy within this system is not fully understood. This study describes the stable carbon isotope signature of floodplain plants and kangaroo scats at two close study sites. Kangaroos were found to deposit scats that mirrored the forage composition at each particular feeding site. Scats were 3.94‰ higher in δ13C values at the site where C4 grasses were available, indicating that this grass contributed ~25–30% of the diet of these kangaroos. The difference in diet due to the relative availability of C3 and C4 forage, detectable in the carbon stable isotope signature of scats, is used to demonstrate that kangaroos are recycling and redistributing energy locally, rather than transporting it more broadly across the floodplain.
Wombats and domestic livestock as potential vectors of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in an agricultural riparian area
Authors: Borchard Philip , Wright Ian A. , Eldridge David J.
Published: September 2010

Emerging pathogenic diseases are a significant burden on global economies and public health administrators. In Australia, the pathogens Giardia and Cryptosporidium are widespread in riparian areas subject to urban or agricultural contamination. Bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) occur at relatively high densities alongside domestic cattle in agricultural riparian areas in south-eastern Australia and may transmit protozoan pathogens. We assessed the distribution of wombat scats and cattle pats on streambanks and screened them for the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The density of wombat scats declined with increasing distance from water while the cover of cattle pats increased with distance from water, but only at sites subjected to low cattle usage. We were unable to find any Cryptosporidium species or genotypes known to infect humans in either wombat or cattle faeces. One cattle sample contained Cryptosporidium bovis, a cattle-specific organism unlikely to be zoonotic. Giardia duodenalis (Assemblage E), a non-zoonotic pathogen, was detected in four cattle samples, but no wombat samples tested positive for Giardia. Our results suggest that while wombats represent a low-pathogen risk there is a need for consistent monitoring of potentially harmful waterborne and chlorine-resistant Giardia and Cryptosporidium pathogens in drinking-water catchments.
PDGF signaling is required for epicardial function and blood vessel formation in regenerating zebrafish hearts
Authors: Kim Jieun , Wu Qiong , Zhang Yolanda , Wiens Katie M. , Huang Ying , Rubin Nicole , Shimada Hiroyuki , Handin Robert I. , Chao Michael Y. , Tuan Tai-Lan , Starnes Vaughn A. , Lien Ching-Ling
Published: September 2010

A zebrafish heart can fully regenerate after amputation of up to 20% of its ventricle. During this process, newly formed coronary blood vessels revascularize the regenerating tissue. The formation of coronary blood vessels during zebrafish heart regeneration likely recapitulates embryonic coronary vessel development, which involves the activation and proliferation of the epicardium, followed by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these processes are not well understood. We examined the role of PDGF signaling in explant-derived primary cultured epicardial cells in vitro and in regenerating zebrafish hearts in vivo. We observed that mural and mesenchymal cell markers, including
pdgfr
β, are up-regulated in the regenerating hearts. Using a primary culture of epicardial cells derived from heart explants, we found that PDGF signaling is essential for epicardial cell proliferation. PDGF also induces stress fibers and loss of cell-cell contacts of epicardial cells in explant culture. This effect is mediated by Rho-associated protein kinase. Inhibition of PDGF signaling in vivo impairs epicardial cell proliferation, expression of mesenchymal and mural cell markers, and coronary blood vessel formation. Our data suggest that PDGF signaling plays important roles in epicardial function and coronary vessel formation during heart regeneration in zebrafish.
Microstructured elastomeric surfaces with reversible adhesion and examples of their use in deterministic assembly by transfer printing
Authors: Kim Seok , Wu Jian , Carlson Andrew , Jin Sung Hun , Kovalsky Anton , Glass Paul , Liu Zhuangjian , Ahmed Numair , Elgan Steven L. , Chen Weiqiu , Ferreira Placid M. , Sitti Metin , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A.
Published: September 2010

Reversible control of adhesion is an important feature of many desired, existing, and potential systems, including climbing robots, medical tapes, and stamps for transfer printing. We present experimental and theoretical studies of pressure modulated adhesion between flat, stiff objects and elastomeric surfaces with sharp features of surface relief in optimized geometries. Here, the strength of nonspecific adhesion can be switched by more than three orders of magnitude, from strong to weak, in a reversible fashion. Implementing these concepts in advanced stamps for transfer printing enables versatile modes for deterministic assembly of solid materials in micro/nanostructured forms. Demonstrations in printed two- and three-dimensional collections of silicon platelets and membranes illustrate some capabilities. An unusual type of transistor that incorporates a printed gate electrode, an air gap dielectric, and an aligned array of single walled carbon nanotubes provides a device example.
Electrochemical and homogeneous electron transfers to the Alzheimer amyloid-β copper complex follow a preorganization mechanism
Authors: Balland Véronique , Hureau Christelle , Savéant Jean-Michel
Published: September 2010

Deciphering the electron transfer reactivity characteristics of amyloid β-peptide copper complexes is an important task in connection with the role they are assumed to play in Alzheimer’s disease. A systematic analysis of this question with the example of the amyloid β-peptide copper complex by means of its electrochemical current–potential responses and of its homogenous reactions with electrogenerated fast electron exchanging osmium complexes revealed a quite peculiar mechanism: The reaction proceeds through a small fraction of the complex molecules in which the peptide complex is “preorganized” so as the distances and angles in the coordination sphere to vary minimally upon electron transfer, thus involving a remarkably small reorganization energy (0.3 eV). This preorganization mechanism and its consequences on the reactivity should be taken into account for reactions involving dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide that are considered to be important in Alzheimer’s disease through the production of harmful reactive oxygen species.
Carl Gustav Jung as a historical–cultural phenomenon
Authors: Zoja Luigi
Published: September 2010

It can be argued that psychoanalysis was one of the most import revolutions of the twentieth century. It arose out of the person's need to reflect on his/her inner space. Essentially, the psychoanalytic technique is talking, an ancient human skill that locates the person as both the subject and the author of history, culture and society. Analytical psychology, with its specific sensitivity to cultural issues, cannot claim that it is a scientific discipline, in the sense that it has developed technical knowledge according to natural sciences; however, it has contributed substantially to developing a unique field of study within which one can reflect on individual and collective phenomena as they interact with each other and within their sociohistorical contexts. This article offers a reflection on our contemporary globalised world, with its subjective and changed sense of time and space; it is argued that a return to a Jungian humanism may enable us to grasp the complexities of people's interrelationship with the sociocultural realities within which they live.
Bianca Garufi: the virtue of curiosity
Authors: Pavone Liberiana
Published: September 2010

In this article the importance of Bianca Garufi in the Italian cultural milieu is presented and discussed. Her view of the world and of the psyche always emphasised the fundamental role of the relationships between the various psychic components within a non-reducible monotheism as well as a tendency to avoid definitive explanations. The research on the image that Garufi carried out throughout her life is proof of these attitudes. For her, the image is crucial not only because of its intrinsic unity but also because of its role in the imaginative process and because it is the engine of psychological development. Bianca Garufi established and maintained important links between the Italian and English analytical worlds, and also made a considerable contribution to the development of the archetypal school of thought, especially by translating into Italian and disseminating the works of James Hillman.
Analytical ethnopsychology, psyche and politics
Authors: Carta Stefano
Published: September 2010

This article examines some basic premises of analytical psychology from the perspective of ethnopsychology. The creation of a Jungian ethnopsychological group in Italy has ignited the revisiting of the central therapeutic procedures of the basic Jungian model as well developing some reflections. Some of the themes this article addresses include the analytical relationship within an ethnopsychological context, the re-evaluation of the Persona, the relationship between analysis, anthropology and politics, the relationship between interpretation and amplification, and the use of archetypal material with patients from different socio–cultural backgrounds.
Plagiarism and the law
Authors: SAUNDERS Joss
Published: September 2010

Plagiarism is a much older concept than copyright. In this article we consider the distinction between the two and the various types of plagiarism. There are not always legal implications from an act of plagiarism, but there can be, and they can range much wider than copyright law. There are clearly risks for publishers in dealing with alleged or actual plagiarism, but most of these can be managed with prudent forethought. We illustrate some ways in which this can be achieved.
Digital publishing in China: is there a copyright crisis?
Authors: WANG Zhigang
Published: September 2010

This paper takes three organizations who are aggregators/Web publishers as case studies and uses them to illustrate the potential copyright crisis in digital publishing in China. It also shows the serious results of legal action on these issues. It proposes that companies should establish business development strategies in which copyright compliance is the core.
Book Reviews
Authors: BALKWILL Richard
Published: September 2010

Moral Panics and the Copyright Wars William Patry New York, Oxford University Press 2009, 290 pp. 978‐0‐19‐538564‐9, £19.99
Book Reviews
Authors: PAYNE David
Published: September 2010

Editor's Handbook: An Online Resource and CE Course Margaret Comerford Freda and Leslie H. Nicoll London, Lippincott, 2009, 110 pp. $69.95, available online www.nursingcenter.com
Book Reviews
Authors: ALEXANDER Huw
Published: September 2010

Selling Rights, 6th edn Lynette Owen Routledge, 2010, 448 pp. ISBN 978‐0415496926, £45, pbk – also available in Kindle format from Amazon
The cardiorenal anaemia syndrome in systolic heart failure: prevalence, clinical correlates, and long‐term survival
Authors: Scrutinio Domenico , Passantino Andrea , Santoro Daniela , Catanzaro Raffaella
Published: September 2010

Aims

We sought to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of cardiorenal anaemia (CRA) syndrome in systolic heart failure and the relationship between renal dysfunction and anaemia on hard clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

We studied 951 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and systolic dysfunction. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality and urgent heart transplantation (UHT). Cox's regression analyses were used to assess the relation of the variables to the primary outcome. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

The prevalence of CRA syndrome was 21.1%. Age (P < 0.001), body mass index (P< 0.001), diabetes (P =< 0.001), ischaemic aetiology (P< 0.006), left ventricular ejection fraction (P= 0.018), and treatment with renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (P< 0.001) were independently related to CRA syndrome. During a median follow‐up of 3.7 years, the primary outcome occurred in 404 patients (42.5%). Compared with patients with preserved renal function and normal haemoglobin (Hb) levels, those with CRA syndrome had a significantly increased risk for the primary outcome; the univariate and multivariate‐adjusted HRs were 4.04 (CI: 3.11–5.24; P< 0.0001) and 2.22 (CI: 1.64–2.98; P< 0.0001), respectively. Three‐year UHT‐free survival was 86 and 47%, respectively. Among patients with renal dysfunction, the adjusted HR for the primary outcome increased by 17% (CI: 8–26; P= 0.0001) for each 1g/dL decrease below an Hb value of 13.0 g/dL.

Conclusion

Heart failure, renal dysfunction, and anaemia are a fatal combination. Despite a relatively low prevalence, the CRA syndrome contributes to considerable mortality due to CHF.
Personality in Context: An Interpersonal Systems Perspective
Authors: Zayas Vivian , Shoda Yuichi , Ayduk Ozlem N.
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBecause a significant part of individuals' lives involve close relationships, an important and substantial part of the situations they encounter consists of other people's behaviors. We suggest that individuals' characteristic ways of behaving, which are typically attributed to “personality,” arise from two processes. One lies primarily within the individual, conceptualized as individual differences in one's cognitive and affective processing system. The other process, which has received less attention in personality research, lies outside the person in the individual differences in the situations that people encounter in their everyday lives. The interplay between these two processes can be particularly relevant for understanding close relationships. By assuming that each partner's behavior provides the situational context for the other partner, we conceptualize a dyadic relationship as the “interlocking” of the cognitive‐affective processing systems of both partners. We illustrate this approach to personality‐in‐context with a hypothetical scenario and use this framework to organize research on attachment styles, rejection sensitivity, self‐fulfilling prophecy, the self in relation to others, and interdependence theory.
Self‐Respect and Pro‐Relationship Behavior in Marital Relationships
Authors: Kumashiro Madoka , Finkel Eli J. , Rusbult Caryl E.
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT This work advances an interdependence theoretic analysis of the role of self‐respect in ongoing close relationships. Self‐respect is defined as the tendency to perceive the self as a principled person who is worthy of honor and high regard and is argued to rest on moral integrity. Consistent with predictions, results from a study of marital relationships revealed that individual self‐respect is positively associated with both the individual's and the partner's pro‐relationship behavior (accommodation, forgiveness, conciliation). Mediation analyses revealed that self‐respect not only exhibits direct associations with each person's behavior, but also exhibits indirect associations with each person's behavior, via the impact of each person's actions on reciprocal pro‐relationship behavior from the partner. Mediation was more reliably observed for the association of self‐respect with partner behavior than for the association with individual behavior. Both individual pro‐relationship behavior and partner pro‐relationship behavior are positively associated with couple well‐being, which in turn is positively associated with personal well‐being (life satisfaction, physical health, psychological adjustment). These associations were evident in both within‐participant and across‐partner analyses and for both self‐report and interaction‐based measures of behavior. Self‐respect reliably accounts for unique variance beyond variance attributable to self‐esteem.
Witnessing Interparental Psychological Aggression in Childhood: Implications for Daily Conflict in Adult Intimate Relationships
Authors: Kennedy Janet Krone , Bolger Niall , Shrout Patrick E.
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT We examined the consequences of witnessing interparental psychological aggression in childhood for daily conflict processes in adult intimate relationships. Both partners in 73 heterosexual couples provided daily diary reports of relationship conflict over a 28‐day period. Partners' reports of witnessing mother‐to‐father and father‐to‐mother psychological aggression were used to predict exposure to daily relationship conflicts and reactivity to those conflicts (as reflected in end‐of‐day anger). Results showed no evidence of exposure effects: Witnessing interparental psychological aggression was unrelated to the number of conflict days reported by either partner. Reactivity effects emerged for males only, with father's aggression predicting increased reactivity and mother's aggression predicting the opposite. However, we found evidence of direct or unmediated effects of interparental conflict on daily anger for both males and females. Mirroring the reactivity pattern, the same‐sex parent's psychological aggression predicted greater daily anger, whereas the opposite‐sex parent's aggression predicted less daily anger. These effects emerged independently of Big Five measures of personality; moreover, Big Five measures did not predict outcomes independently of interparental aggression.
Defense Mechanisms and Physiological Reactivity to Stress
Authors: Cramer Phebe
Published: September 2010

The relation between the use of defense mechanisms and autonomic nervous system reactivity, under conditions of laboratory stress, was studied in 78 men and women. Both diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and skin conductance level (SCL) were monitored during exposure to ten stress tasks; concurrently, the use of three defense mechanisms was assessed by coding Thematic Apperception Test stories. Autonomic reactivity was found to be related to defenses; the nature of that relation differed across the defenses. DBP, typically found to be associated with cognitive work, was higher in those individuals who used more Identification, a defense that requires greater cognitive activity. The use of Projection, on the other hand, was associated with lower DBP. In addition, the use of Identification showed a tendency to be associated with lower SCL.
Testing the Stress‐Buffering Effects of Self Engagement Among Soldiers on a Military Operation
Authors: Britt Thomas W. , Bliese Paul D.
Published: September 2010

The present research examined whether self engagement moderated the stressor‐strain relationship in a sample of U.S. soldiers deployed on a peacekeeping mission to Bosnia. Given that individuals were nested within groups (Army companies), we examined the relationships of interest using multilevel random coefficient models. The results of these analyses revealed that self engagement interacted with three different stressors (lower amounts of sleep, work stress, family stress) in the prediction of psychological distress. In support of self engagement as a buffer against stress, when stressors were low (high amounts of sleep, low levels of work stress, and family stress), soldiers reported relatively low levels of psychological distress and physical symptoms, regardless of whether they were engaged in or disengaged from their job. However, when stressor levels were high, soldiers who were engaged in their job reported less elevation in reports of psychological distress than soldiers who were disengaged from their job. The results are discussed in terms of the potential mechanisms by which self engagement might protect individuals from stressful circumstances.
Interpersonal Orientation and the Accuracy of Personality Judgments
Authors: Vogt Dawne S. , Randall Colvin C.
Published: September 2010

Are those who are more invested in developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships able to provide more accurate judgments of others' personality characteristics? Previous research has produced mixed findings. In the present study, a conceptual framework was presented and methods were used that overcome many of the problems encountered in past research on judgmental accuracy. On four occasions, 102 judges watched a 12‐min videotaped dyadic interaction and described the personality of a designated target person. Judges' personality characteristics were described by self, parents, and friends. Results revealed that psychological communion was positively associated with judges' accuracy in rating targets' personality characteristics. In addition, whereas women were more communal and provided more accurate judgments than men, the relationship between communion and accuracy held after controlling for the effect of gender. Finally, preliminary findings suggested that interpersonally oriented individuals may sometimes draw on information about themselves and about stereotypical others to facilitate accurate judgments of others.
The Tripartite Model of Neuroticism and the Suppression of Depression and Anxiety Within an Escalation of Commitment Dilemma
Authors: Moon Henry , Hollenbeck John R. , Humphrey Stephen E. , Maue Brian
Published: September 2010

We found evidence of a mutual suppression effect between anxiety and depression on an individual's level of commitment within escalation dilemmas. On the one hand, our results demonstrate a positive relationship between anxiety and level of commitment; on the other, our results demonstrate a negative relationship between depression and level of commitment. Based on the opposing relationships between anxiety and depression and commitment, the broad factor of neuroticism does not demonstrate any relationship with level of commitment, and the significant effects of anxiety and depression on commitment is contingent upon partialling the effect of the other facet of neuroticism. Thus, we contend that applied psychologists, who have focused on neuroticism as a broad construct, should consider the large body of work among clinical psychologists, who argue that anxiety and depression have unique variance associated with them. We conclude by addressing organizational implications of measuring the broad trait of neuroticism more narrowly.
A Multilevel Analysis of the Interpersonal Behavior of Socially Anxious People
Authors: Oakman Jonathan , Gifford Shannon , Chlebowsky Natasha
Published: September 2010

We investigate the interpersonal behavior of socially anxious (SA) and non‐socially anxious (NSA) individuals at three different levels of analysis, focusing on the dimensions of warmth and dominance. Study 1 examines self‐reported general interaction styles, Study 2 explores behavior occurring within the context of a single interaction, and in Study 3 we focus on the performance of a single conversational act (a disagreement). Studies 1 and 2 adopt the framework of Interpersonal Circumplex Theory (IPC; Kiesler, 1983), which is well suited for studying trait‐level and interaction‐level social behaviors, while Study 3 is grounded in Politeness Theory (PT; Brown & Levinson, 1987), which can be used to analyze individual acts at the microstructural level. The potential mutual relevance of PT and IPC is also discussed.
Accurate Intelligence Assessments in Social Interactions: Mediators and Gender Effects
Authors: Murphy Nora A. , Hall Judith A. , Colvin C. Randall
Published: September 2010

Research indicates that people can assess a stranger's measured intelligence more accurately than expected by chance, based on minimal information involving appearance and behavior. The present research documents behavioral correlates of perceived and measured intelligence and identifies behaviors that mediate the relationship between perceived and measured intelligence. In particular, when judges rated targets with video and auditory stimuli available, responsiveness to conversation partner, eye‐gaze, and looking at partner while speaking were each significant mediators in the accurate assessment of intelligence. Each of those behaviors, as well as the percentage of looking at partner while speaking as a function of the target's own speaking time, were significant mediators in the video silent condition. Additionally, judge and target gender contributed to accurate intelligence assessments.
A Multisource Approach to Self‐Critical Vulnerability to Depression: The Moderating Role of Attachment*
Authors: Besser Avi , Priel Beatriz
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated the effects of self‐criticism, dependency, and attachment variables in depression among couples. We utilized a multisource design that involved self‐reports and spouse reports of personality and depression. This approach enabled us to explore the patterns of relations between self‐reported and the spouse's report of the partner's view of self‐criticism, dependency, and attachment dimensions, as well as the contribution of the latter to the moderation of distress. Participants were 120 couples in their first marriages. It was found that: (1) Self‐ and spouses' reported self‐criticism are both associated with depression; (2) negative assessments of personality factors and attachment models by the self and spouse contribute uniquely in predicting depressive symptomatology; and (3) beyond the covariation between target's depression and marital maladjustment, attachment models of self and of other as reported by both the self and spouse moderate the effects of self‐reported personality vulnerability on depressive symptomatology. Our results indicate that self‐ratings and ratings by others must both be considered in the context of depression in close interpersonal relationships. Beyond the methodological implications of multisource data, our findings support the view of depression as an interpersonal process.
The role of structural consistency between categories and attributes in hierarchical category learning
Authors: Saiki Jun
Published: September 2010

This study investigated how consistency between categories and attributes determines attribute selection in hierarchical category learning. Participants learned six categories for which number and color were equally relevant attributes, followed by a transfer task, to test which attribute was used. Before that, half of them learned embedding higher‐level categories for which numbers were likely to be used. Orthogonal to this factor, the hierarchical structure was made explicit for half of them by category labels. The results showed that participants used numbers in the prior learning, but that the use of numbers was inhibited in the subsequent six‐category learning task. However, this inhibitory effect was reduced when the hierarchical structure was explicit. The pattern of results suggests that attribute selection is determined by structural consistency between categories and attributes, not by a prior use of an attribute.
Effects of the range and frequency of vibrations on the momentary riding comfort evaluation of a railway vehicle
Authors: Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: September 2010

When trains pass level‐crossings, turnouts, and rail joints, they are momentarily subjected to extreme vibrations. In railway engineering, evaluation of the riding comfort under such occasional vibrations is called the momentary riding comfort evaluation, as distinct from the long‐term evaluation, which addresses the riding comfort of passengers for certain lengths of train operation. In order to identify the effective vibrational characteristics of the momentary evaluation, an experiment was performed with a riding comfort simulator. Ten adult subjects for each condition, 80 in total, participated in the experiment. The effects of differences in the range of stimuli, frequency of each stimulus, and scores on a rating scale of discomfort were studied. Differences in the range and frequency affected the evaluation such that subjects tended to make a relative judgment on discomfort. They made almost an absolute judgment when the rating scale was well defined, with a small number of categories.
Consumer evaluation of net utility: Effects of competition on consumer brand selection processes
Authors: Laroche Michel , Teng Lefa , Kalamas Maria
Published: September 2010

This study explores how brand‐related information is integrated within a competitive environment. Specifically, we develop a structural equation model of competition between two brands, which includes each brand's price‐quality characteristics (i.e., net utility). The model simultaneously tests how the net utility of the focal and competing brands affects consumers' attitudes, intentions, and choice regarding the focal brand. This study extends existing research with the findings that price‐quality evaluations of a focal brand and net utility perceptions of competing brands influence consumers' attitudes, intentions, and choice regarding the focal brand. Thus, in order to attract consumers to their brands, marketers should focus not only on improving the performance and net utility of their own brands, but also on studying competing brands in the marketplace.
The effect of respondents' nationality and familiarity with a product category on the importance of product attributes in consumer choice: Globalization and the evaluation of domestic and foreign products
Authors: Chéron Emmanuel , Hayashi Hideo
Published: September 2010

This study compared the perceptions of 376 Japanese and 191 Canadian consumers concerning the importance of different product attributes for categories of products at various stages of globalization. There was less multivariate statistical difference between the two countries for those products at a more advanced stage of globalization (consumer electronics and clothing vs. food). The joint effects of the degree of familiarity with the category of product and the country of the respondent on the importance of the product attributes were tested. The effect of familiarity was found to result in a significant statistical multivariate difference for the clothing category only. The observed statistical power of the effect of country of respondent confirmed that more statistical difference was apparent for the least globalized product. No multivariate significant statistical interaction was found between familiarity and country of respondent. Using a multi‐attribute model, the evaluation of the three categories of product was computed for seven different countries of manufacture. Comparison of the total scores of each country for each product category for the Japanese and the Canadian samples confirmed that the most globalized product showed least difference in its evaluation between countries of manufacture. A well‐known strong bias toward domestic products was, however, observed in both samples.
Understanding Japanese consumers: Some important underlying factors
Authors: Synodinos Nicolaos E.
Published: September 2010

This article reviews existing findings and outlines some general points that need to be considered when trying to understand Japanese consumer behavior. In addition to various psychological variables, researchers need to attend to a set of unique sociocultural factors. Among the factors considered are Japan's setting, population density, economic prosperity, modernization, homogeneity, and group orientation. Other issues that are raised are the implications of a well informed society, and the importance of both age and aesthetic values. The article also discusses risk aversion, eclecticism, lack of time and space, the importance of quality and image to the Japanese, and recent changes as they affect consumer behavior. In addition to universals, there are some unique factors that should be considered in order to understand Japanese consumer behavior, much as, undoubtedly, another set of unique features should be considered for the study of any other society.
Relating momentary affect to the ﬁve factor model of personality: A Japanese case1
Authors: Yik Michelle S. M. , Russell James A. , Suzuki Naoto
Published: September 2010

Abstract: This article shows that fundamental aspects of the structure of momentary affect are similar in Japanese and Canadian societies. We developed questionnaire scales in Japanese in four different formats for assessing self‐reported momentary affect. Scales can be scored for dimensions deﬁned by Feldman Barrett and Russell (1998), Thayer (1996), Larsen and Diener (1992), and Watson and Tellegen (1985). We administered these newly developed affect scales and NEO ﬁve‐factor inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) to a sample of 450 Japanese respondents. The affect scales were found to be psychometrically sound and to be interrelated, as found with English‐speaking Canadians. Dimensions could be integrated into a two‐dimensional affective space. Personality correlated with momentary affect, though not in the same pattern as found in Canada.
Short‐term visual memory for contour curvature in a delayed discrimination task
Authors: Sakai Koji
Published: September 2010

Abstract: A two‐interval forced‐choice of constant stimuli was used to measure the point of subjective equality (PSE) and discrimination threshold for standard contour curvature (1.91, 3.24 deg−1) held in short‐term visual memory (STVM). At both standard curvatures, the PSE for remembered curvature was nearly constant for standard curvature from 2 s to 16 s retention intervals, while the discrimination threshold increased as a linear function of retention interval. These results show that the decay in STVM for contour curvature is due to the noisy representation of curvature, neither to fading of the represented curvature nor to converging to the constant curvature. Furthermore, the Weber fraction was nearly constant for both standard curvatures at any delay from 2 to 16 s.
Blood pressure and heart rate responses to an intrusion on personal space
Authors: Sawada Yukihiro
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Yaezawa and Yoshida's (1981) ﬁndings on the effects of an intrusion on personal space were reinvestigated. Thirty‐ﬁve female students were confronted with the approach of a male stranger, and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Throughout the model's approach, HR showed a signiﬁcant triphasic change (an initial decrease, a subsequent increase, and then a secondary decrease), whereas subjective feelings of anxiety and tension showed signiﬁcant, gradual increases. These trends were similar to those of Yaezawa and Yoshida’s. Nonetheless, their explanation that the triphasic change in HR reﬂected once hightened and then relieved tension, which was incongruent with the subjective ratings, seemed questionable. As the BP elevated to a moderate degree in spite of the modest HR changes, total peripheral resistance must have been increasing during the model's approach. Blood pressure elevations via this sort of hemodynamic pressor mechanisms have often been reported when a person can only tolerate passively during exposure to stress. This seems to be the case in an intrusion on personal space.
Multiple Views of the Family and Adolescent Social Competencies
Authors: Bell Nancy J. , Rychener Stacey R. , Munsch Joyce
Published: September 2010

This research examined the linkages between congruence in perceptions of family functioning and adolescent competencies with a sample of 223 first‐year college students, their mothers, and their fathers. The primary goal was to explore further the nature and importance of perceptual congruence as related to adolescent social competencies with a more informative analytic strategy than has been used in most past research (one that controls for individual perceptions of family members and takes into account direction of differences among family members), and with more comprehensive, multimethod assessments of adolescent competencies. Our congruence analyses portrayed a more complex picture of congruence and divergence than has emerged from previous studies, and highlight the importance of examining interaction patterns in future research. It is noteworthy, however, that individual perceptions of family members were more important than was congruence in relation to adolescent social competencies. The possibility that congruence effects may be more apparent when the focus is on more specific rather than global measures and on developmental as well as family interaction processes is suggested.
Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: Their Relations with Classroom Problem Behavior and Peer Status
Authors: Kiesner Jeff
Published: September 2010

It has been suggested that early antisocial behavior plays a causal role in the development of depression during childhood and adolescence through pervasive failures in social competence and social acceptance (Patterson & Capaldi, 1990). The present study was conducted to test this hypothesis by examining longitudinal data from a sample of 215 Italian middle school students. Analyses revealed that Time 1 (T1) problem behavior predicted both Time 2 (T2) peer status and T2 depressive symptoms, even after controlling for T1 peer status and depressive symptoms, respectively. Moreover, T1 peer status predicted depressive symptoms at T2, even after controlling for prior levels of depressive symptoms. However, analyses did not support the hypothesis that peer rejection mediates the effects of problem behavior on depression.
Exotic Enterprise No More? Adolescent Reports of Family and Parenting Processes From Youth in Four Countries
Authors: Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Hibbert Jeffrey R. , Blake Snider J.
Published: September 2010

The current investigation cross‐nationally examined the relationship between adolescent reports of family or parenting processes and a series of developmental outcomes in a sample of adolescents (N=8,417) from Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Based on confirmatory factor analyses and tests of scalar equivalence, results suggest that the Adolescent Family Process Measure (AFP), which assesses maternal and paternal closeness, support, monitoring, communication, conflict, and peer approval, was valid and reliable for males, females, middle adolescents, and late adolescents in all four national contexts. In addition, based on model‐free LISREL analyses, findings suggested that the relationships between these family processes and measures of adolescent externalizing (alcohol use, drug use, school misconduct, and total deviance) and internalizing (anxiety, depression, low self‐esteem, and low well‐being) behaviors were similar cross‐nationally. Findings are discussed in terms of their importance for the conceptualization and measurement of family and parenting processes.
Friendship Quality, Peer Group Affiliation, and Peer Antisocial Behavior as Moderators of the Link Between Negative Parenting and Adolescent Externalizing Behavior
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Criss Michael M. , Pettit Gregory S. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Bates John E.
Published: September 2010

Quality of peer relationships and perceived peer antisocial behavior were examined as moderators of the link between negative parenting and externalizing behavior problems in school from middle childhood to early adolescence. Data on negative parenting (i.e., unilateral parental decision making, low supervision and awareness, and harsh discipline) were collected from 362 parents in the summer preceding the adolescents' entry into Grade 6. Adolescent reports of positive peer relationships and peer antisocial behavior were assessed in the winter of Grade 7. The outcome measure was teacher report of adolescent externalizing behavior in the spring of Grade 7, controlling for externalizing behavior in Grade 5. High levels of friendship quality and peer group affiliation attenuated the association between unilateral parental decision making and adolescent externalizing behavior in school; this was particularly true when adolescents associated with peers perceived to be low in antisocial behavior. In addition, having low‐quality peer relationships and having peers perceived to be highly antisocial further amplified the association between unilateral parental decision making and adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Finally, high levels of friend and peer group antisocial behavior exacerbated the predictiveness of harsh discipline for adolescents' externalizing behavior.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescent Substance Use and School Motivation Among African American Youth
Authors: Zimmerman Marc A. , Schmeelk‐Cone Karen H.
Published: September 2010

Cross‐sectional research has shown a link between adolescent substance use and educational motivation. The purpose of the current study was to examine this link in a longitudinal sample of African American youth. The study examined the interrelationships between alcohol and both marijuana use and school motivation over the high school years and their effect on graduation in 681 African American adolescents (50.8% female). School motivation was shown to relate to subsequent alcohol use throughout high school and marijuana use early in high school. School motivation did not affect graduation status, but alcohol and marijuana use were related to a lower likelihood of graduating from high school. Some gender differences and differences among those who had tried alcohol or marijuana at the first wave as opposed to those who had not tried each substance were found. The findings support a systems model where school experiences can affect substance use, which, in turn, can affect the completion of high school.
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods and Adolescent Aggression: Behavioral Genetic Evidence of Contextual Effects
Authors: Cleveland H. Harrington
Published: September 2010

This study used behavioral genetic methods to examine differences in genetic and environmental influences on adolescent aggression across adequate and disadvantaged neighborhoods. Analyses used National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data from 2,342 monozygotic twin, dizygotic twin, full‐sibling, and half‐sibling pairs classified into structurally adequate and disadvantaged neighborhoods according to Census data on the proportion of single‐parent households with children, proportion of families in poverty, and unemployment levels in sibling pairs' block groups. Separately estimating genetic and environmental influences across adequate and disadvantaged neighborhoods revealed that although genetic influences are significant in both adequate and disadvantaged neighborhoods, shared environmental influences (e.g., family influences shared by siblings) were significant only among adolescents from disadvantaged neighborhoods. These results provide insight into differences in individual‐level influences that contribute to adolescent aggression within these different types of neighborhoods. Significant shared environmental influences in disadvantaged neighborhoods suggest the importance of family processes is increased by neighborhood disadvantage.
A simulation of food‐web interactions leading to rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax dominance in Sparkling Lake, Wisconsin
Authors: Roth B. M. , Hrabik T. R. , Solomon C. T. , Mercado‐Silva N. , Kitchell J. F.
Published: September 2010

A process‐based simulation model was used to examine the nature and intensity of food‐web interactions that allow Osmerus mordax to dominate invaded lakes. The model simulates food‐web interactions among linked populations of O. mordax, Coregonus artedi and Sander vitreus. Simulations indicated that O. mordax dominate where: (1) adult O. mordax prey on young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) C. artedi, (2) YOY O. mordax negatively affect YOY S. vitreus through competition and (3) adult S. vitreus experience moderate fishing mortality. Osmerus mordax dominated simulations across a broad range of variable values that regulated competition and predation, and displayed threshold responses to increasing angler harvest. Consequently, angler harvest should be carefully managed in lakes susceptible to O. mordax invasions because the alternative could lead to fishery collapse.
Genetic structure of the vairone Telestes souffia in the eastern part of Lake Constance, central Europe
Authors: Muenzel F. M. , Salzburger W. , Sanetra M. , Grabherr B. , Meyer A.
Published: September 2010

Examination of the genetic structure of the vairone Telestes souffia based on 10 nuclear markers (microsatellites) revealed little‐to‐moderate genetic differentiation between geographically adjacent populations in the eastern part of Lake Constance in central Europe. Results emphasize the critically endangered status of this freshwater fish in the upper Rhine River system.
Microarray and allergenic activity assessment of milk allergens
Authors: Hochwallner H. , Schulmeister U. , Swoboda I. , Balic N. , Geller B. , Nystrand M. , Härlin A. , Thalhamer J. , Scheiblhofer S. , Niggemann B. , Quirce S. , Ebner C. , Mari A. , Pauli G. , Herz U. , Van Tol E.A.F. , Valenta R. , Spitzauer S.
Published: September 2010

Background
Cow's milk is one of the most common causes of food allergy affecting approximately 2.5% of infants in the first years of their life. However, only limited information regarding the allergenic activity of individual cow's milk allergens is available.

Objective
To analyse the frequency of IgE reactivity and to determine the allergenic activity of individual cow's milk allergens.

Methods
A nitrocellulose‐based microarray, based on purified natural and recombinant cow's milk allergens was used to determine IgE reactivity profiles using sera from 78 cow's milk‐sensitized individuals of varying ages. The allergenic activity of the individual allergens was tested using patients' sera for loading rat basophil leukaemia cells (RBL) expressing the α‐chain of the human receptor FcɛRI.

Results
Using the microarray and the RBL assay, cow's milk allergens were assessed for frequency of IgE recognition and allergenic activity. Moreover, the RBL assay allowed distinguishing individuals without or with mild clinical reactions from those with severe systemic or gastrointestinal symptoms as well as persons who grew out cow's milk allergy from those who did not.

Conclusions
Component‐resolved testing using milk allergen microarrays and RBL assays seems to provide useful additional diagnostic information and may represent a basis for future forms of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for cow's milk allergy.

Cite this as: H. Hochwallner, U. Schulmeister, I. Swoboda, N. Balic, B. Geller, M. Nystrand, A. Härlin, J. Thalhamer, S. Scheiblhofer, B. Niggemann, S. Quirce, C. Ebner, A. Mari, G. Pauli, U. Herz, E.A.F. van Tol, R. Valenta and S. Spitzauer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1809–1818.