bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Η τραυματολογία στα έργα του θεμελιωτή της χειρουργικής Αμβροσίου Παρέ (1509-1590)
Authors: Σκάρπας Γεώργιος
Published: July 2014

The figure of Ambroise Paré is one that best illustrates the great surgeons of the Renaissance. He was named as the father of modern surgery and was the great official royal surgeon for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III and is also considered as one of the fathers modern forensic pathology. He was a leader in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially the treatment of wounds. He was also an anatomist and invented several surgical instruments.His motto was: "Labor omnia vincit improbus" ("Hard work conquers all").Paré introduced the ligature of arteries instead of cauterization during amputation. The usual method of sealing wounds by searing with a red-hot iron often failed to arrest the bleeding and caused patients to die of shock. For the ligature technique he designed the "Bec de Corbin" ("crow's beak"), a predecessor to modern haemostats. Although ligatures often spread infection, it was still an important breakthrough in surgical practice. During his work with injured soldiers, Paré documented the pain experienced by amputees which they perceive as sensation in the 'phantom' amputated limb. Paré believed that phantom pains occur in the brain (the consensus of the medical community today) and not in remnants of the limb.It was his intuition and charisma that forced a young barber-surgeon at the age of 27 to challenge, centuries of brutal and ineffective therapy. He treated amputations, trephining, dislocations (while he practices the first elbow disarticulation), various wounds and he is earning a reputation as a virtuoso, surprising his colleagues and improving his skills by the multiplicity of cases treated.Although an autodidact, he passed the surgical status of manual discipline, scorned by doctors and practiced by barbers, to that of a respectable profession, but his zeal to expose charlatans earned him the hostility of all doctors of the Faculty that were encased in medical traditions. He was also an inventive technician, and became a pioneer in wound treating and healing, fracture and dislocation reductions together with the use of casting and splinting. His adventurous life and scientific progress will always enlighten young and ambitious minds in medicine.
La diaspora hellenique en en Afrique noire
Authors: Μεταξίδης Νικόλαος
Published: July 2014

Μελετήσαμε τους Έλληνες του Καμερούν – που εμφανίστηκαν εκεί στη δεκαετία του 1920 – σε τρία επίπεδα προσέγγισης, μια εσωτερική προοπτική (τη διαδρομή τους σε σχέση με τις μεταναστευτικές βλέψεις τους, την ένταξή τους σε μια ευρύτερη διασπορά, κτλ.), τα σημάδια που άφησαν στην χώρα υποδοχής και τις διασυνδέσεις που δημιούργησαν με την οικονομία της χώρας που τους δέχτηκε μέσα από την επιχειρηματική τους δράση. Σημαντική μειονότητα ανάμεσα σε άλλους ξένους, υπήρξαν στην καρδιά του ευρωπαϊκού αποικιοκρατικού οικονομικού συστήματος, επενδύοντας ως μεσάζοντες στους τομείς εκείνους που αυτό ευνόησε. Στην αρχή διείσδυσαν στις επαρχίες της ενδοχώρας, αλλά γρήγορα δραστηριοποιήθηκαν στα αστικά κέντρα. Ήδη από το 1948 οργανώθηκαν σε κοινότητες. Από τη δεκαετία του 1950 και τα σχέδια FIDES για έργα και υποδομές στις γαλλικές αποικίες, οι Έλληνες θα αγγίξουν το απόγειό τους. Επιτυγχάνουν σε οικονομικό επίπεδο. Η οικονομική μεγέθυνση και η αστικοποίηση δημιούργησαν νέες δραστηριότητες όπως η οικοδομή, οι κατασκευές, η κιγκαλερία, τα πολυκαταστήματα, οι εισαγωγές. Η μεγάλη διάρκεια της περιόδου εφαρμογής των πολιτικών δομικής προσαρμογής και η υποτίμηση του φράγκου CFA το 1994, αποθάρρυναν τους Έλληνες επιχειρηματίες που όμως μείνανε αλληλέγγυοι και ανταγωνιστικοί. Καθώς ο ρόλος τους σαν μεσάζοντες εξασθενεί, μια σειρά δραστηριοτήτων, όπως οι μεταφορές και η δασική εκμετάλλευση, πέρασαν στα χέρια των ανταγωνιστών τους κυρίως Λιβανέζων και Καμερουνέζων Bamiléké. Με την ανεξαρτησία αναγκάστηκαν να αφήσουν το μικρεμπόριο στους ντόπιους, ενώ θα θιγούν από τη λεγόμενη αφρικανοποίηση των επιχειρήσεων και τον δυναμισμό των αφρικανών επιχειρηματιών. Σήμερα κρατούν ακόμα στα χέρια τους το εμπόριο προϊόντων υψηλής τεχνολογίας, τις υπεραγορές, τη βιοτεχνία και μια ιδιαίτερη θέση στο τομέα της αρτοποιίας και ζαχαροπλαστικής.
Improving the results of intrusion detection systems
Authors: Σπαθούλας Γεώργιος
Published: July 2014

Τα συστήματα ανίχνευσης παρεισφρήσεων ανιχνεύουν με επιτυχία πιθανές εισβολές, αλλά τα σετ συναγερμών που παράγουν χαρακτηρίζονται από σημαντικά προβλήματα. Ο όγκος των παραγόμενων συναγερμών κάνει δύσκολη την διαχείρισή τους, ενώ ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό τους είναι ψευδές. Το σχέδιο του εισβολέα δεν είναι εύκολο να εξαχθεί, καθώς οι συναγερμοί αντιστοιχούν σε χαμηλού επιπέδου πληροφορία και ο αναλυτής πρέπει να καταβάλλει σημαντική προσπάθεια, προκειμένου να παρακολουθεί επιτυχώς την κατάσταση ασφαλείας του συστήματος υπό προστασία.Στην παρούσα διατριβή παρουσιάζεται ένα σύστημα επεξεργασίας συναγερμών, με στόχο την βελτίωση των αποτελεσμάτων των συστημάτων ανίχνευσης παρεισφρήσεων. Μετά από την επεξεργασία των συναγερμών πολλαπλών αισθητήρων ανίχνευσης παρεισφρήσεων, το σύστημα παράγει μία ζωντανή γραφική αναπαράσταση των γεγονότων που έχουν ανιχνευθεί. Έτσι ο αναλυτής ενημερώνεται εγκαίρως σχετικά με τα γεγονότα αυτά και είναι σε θέση να τα εξετάσει περαιτέρω, όποτε αυτό κρίνεται αναγκαίο, και τελικά να αντιδράσει κατάλληλα. Το σύστημα αποτελείται από διαχειριστές αισθητήρων που είναι υπεύθυνοι για τις ροές συναγερμών που προέρχονται από τους αισθητήρες ανίχνευσης παρεισφρήσεων. Υπολογίζουν μια εκτίμηση ορθότητας για κάθε συναγερμό και ενοποιούν αυτούς που ταυτίζονται. Οι έξοδοι τους, οδηγούνται σε ένα κεντρικό υποσύστημα ομαδοποίησης. Αυτό συγχωνεύει τις πολλαπλές ροές συναγερμών σε μία ενιαία και ομαδοποιεί τους σχετικούς συναγερμούς. Προαιρετικά το υποσύστημα αυτό εκτιμά παραμέτρους σχετικά με γεγονότα που δεν έχουν γίνει αντιληπτά από τους αισθητήρες ανίχνευσης. Τέλος, ένα υποσύστημα οπτικοποίησης παράγει μία τρισδιάστατη γραφική παράσταση των ομάδων που παρήχθησαν, προκειμένου να παρέχει στον αναλυτή μία συνοπτική εικόνα των γεγονότων ασφαλείας.Παράλληλα με το προτεινόμενο σύστημα, παρουσιάζεται και μία εναλλακτική μέθοδος αναγνώρισης ψευδών συναγερμών. Βασίζεται στην μεθοδολογία των fuzzy inference systems και αξιολογεί αποτελεσματικά την εγκυρότητα των συναγερμών, με σκοπό την απόρριψη όσων είναι ψευδείς. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται μια πλατφόρμα για τη διεξαγωγή πειραμάτων σχετικά με την επεξεργασία συναγερμών. Η πλατφόρμα αυτή παρέχει στους χρήστες έτοιμα υποσυστήματα σχετικά με τυπικές επαναλαμβανόμενες λειτουργίες, ενώ τους δίνει και τη δυνατότητα να επαναχρησιμοποιούν υποσυστήματα που έχουν αναπτυχθεί στο παρελθόν από τους ίδιους ή από άλλους.
Καλλιέργεια του κυανοβακτηρίου Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis υπο συνθήκες τροφοπενίας φωσφόρου για την ενδοκυτταρική συσσώρευση υδατανθράκων με σκοπό την παραγωγή βιοκαυσίμων (βιοαερίου και βιοαιθανόλης)
Authors: Μάρκου Γεώργιος
Published: July 2014

Herein the possibility of the biomass composition manipulation of the cyanobacterium A. platensis using phosphorus nutrient supply variation was studied. It was observed that when phosphorus was in limited amounts a significant accumulation of carbohydrates occurred and increased from about 10-20% up to 60-65% on a dry basis. Experiments on the maximization of carbohydrate production showed that when minimum phosphorus of 1.85 mg P g-1 dry biomass is provided to the cultures then the biomass production is not hindered, while the carbohydrates content is in its maximum amount. The alteration of the biomass composition was found that occurs gradually in relation to the intracellular phosphorus concentration. The decrease in intracellular phosphorus concentration results to the increase of the carbohydrates content and the decrease of the protein content, while lipid content probably increases only at the minimum intracellular phosphorus concentration. The carbohydrates-enriched biomass of A. platensis was consequently used as feedstock for biomethane and bioethanol production. The increased carohydrates content improved the digestion process and resulted to an increase of the biomethane yield (203 ± 10 mlCH4 gCODinfl-1) in comparison with the control (123 ± 10 mlCH4 gCODInfl-1). Also the carbohydrates-enriched biomass was acid-thermal hydrolysed to release monomer sugars, in order to be used for ethanologenic fermentation by the yeast Saccaromyces serevisiae. Hydrolysates with 0.5N acids resulted to a bioethanol yield of about 16 %gEtOH per g of dry biomass of A. platensis. This dissertation shows that biomass of A. platensis can be produced in adequate amounts under phosphorus limitation with an increased carbohydrates content for biofuel production improvement.
Using Means of Information-Communication Technologies for Testing and Assessing Learning Outcomes at Primary School
Authors: Молокова  , Molokova Anna
Published: July 2014

Developments in using information-communication technologies at primary school, and achieved in the past ten years are reviewed. The author features recommended means of computerization facilitative for testing and assessment of s primary schoolchildren’s learning outcomes.
Pressing Issues of the Russian Language Teaching: Answering Readers’ and Webinar Attendants’ Questions
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov Stanislav
Published: July 2014

The paper discusses the pressing issue of primary school teachers linguistic competence, reveals ways to develop habits of grammatical correctness

and enhancing speech culture while learning Russian at primary school.
Working on “Complaint Book” Ecological Project at the World Around Us Lessons
Authors: Горбаткина  , Gorbatkina Irina
Published: July 2014

The author reveals pedagogical capabilities of “Complaint Book” project when learning “the World Around Us” subject with the goal help

primary school pupils develop general purpose educational actions. Using the educational project as a case the author demonstrates how pupils

grasp research techniques in order to solve a problem they deem to be significant for them, and develop skills of collaboration.
Are Tests Made up Correctly?
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya
Published: July 2014

The paper discusses problems, arising when tests for assessing learning outcomes of primary school alumni have been drawn up incorrectly.

Typical errors, found in test exercises are reviewed and ways to eliminate such errors are outlined.
Technologies for Assessing Learning Outcomes of School-Level Students in Historic Retrospective
Authors: Стручаева  , Struchaeva Tamara , Иващенко  , Ivashchenko Elena
Published: July 2014

The paper concerns domestic Pedagogy trends in development of technologies, designed to assess learning outcomes of students in the historic retrospective, beginning from the 15th and up to early 21st centuries. Views of domestic pedagogues on the issue of learning outcomes assessment are analyzed.
Environmental Audit and Its Development Prospects
Authors: Гендон  , Gendon A.
Published: July 2014

The paper considers the concept of «environments audit» and its history in this country and abroad; highlights differences between environmental audit organizational procedures in Russia and in European countries; outlines types of environmental auditing practices; analyzes related government regulations and standards; explains, how environmental audit differs from financial audit; reviews foreign experiences in the field of environmental audit.
Methods of Control of Branch Structure
Authors: Лысенко  , Lysenko D.
Published: July 2014

The paper reviews of existing methods to control sectoral structure, namely, methods to maintain input-output balance, development and production forces location patterns, marketspace control patterns. The author shows how to reconcile long-term forecasting principles and strategies of regional industries social and economic development with sectoral structure control methods. A list of requirements to models and patterns, being developed to harmonize modeling with general equilibrium computable models, is put forward; stages of modeling within the mentioned pattern are outlined.
The Irkutsk Region Milk and Milk Products Market: Challenges and Trends
Authors: Никитина  , Nikitina L. , Ширибазаров  , Shiribazarov A.
Published: July 2014

The paper deals with key challenges and trends in developing milk and milk products market of the Irkutsk region for the purpose of food supply security ensuring.
Income and Profit Organization through the Prism of Interests of Stakeholders
Authors: Кучеренко  , Kucherenko Anna
Published: July 2014

The author considers the mechanism of various types of profits generation and appropriation, bearing in mind interests of different groups of people, related in one or another way to the enterprise (stakeholders). Profit ratio is presented as well as a measure of profit gains spending efficiency from stakeholders’ standpoint.
A Real PLUSS: An Intrusive Advising Program for Underprepared STEM Students
Authors: Rodgers Kathy , Blunt Shelly , Trible Linda
Published: July 2014

Increasing numbers of underprepared students are admitted to colleges and universities with aspirations of earning a degree in a science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) discipline. Transitioning to college is difficult for all students, but can be especially challenging for the underprepared STEM student. Many of these students are capable of completing STEM degrees if given additional support during their first-year advising sessions as well as opportunities to strengthen their foundational knowledge prior to enrolling in major-level course work. Pathways Leading to Undergraduate Success in the Sciences (PLUSS) is an intrusive advising program the University of Southern Indiana designed to provide at-risk undergraduate STEM majors with increased academic support. The PLUSS program is associated with increased retention rates.
Academic Advising Assessment Practices: Results of a National Study
Authors: Powers Keith L. , Carlstrom Aaron H. , Hughey Kenneth F.
Published: July 2014

Best practices of academic advising assessment involve identification of student learning outcomes, the development and use of multiple measures of student learning, and sound professional judgment to understand the information gathered and to improve student learning. However, the assessment results often come from minimal, narrow, and inconsistent evaluation practices, often based on student satisfaction surveys. Therefore, to generate a picture of the current state of assessment, we surveyed those conducting or deemed responsible for academic advising assessment. Although 80% of survey participants identified academic-advising student learning outcomes, one half assessed the achievement of those outcomes, with most using student surveys. Furthermore, 7% reported employing three or more measures while 60% reported improvements of practice and student learning based on the assessment.
Secondary prevention for patients following an MI: Recommendations from NICE
Authors: Linden Belinda
Published: July 2014

Belinda Linden details the key aspects of the NICE guidance for supporting people in primary and secondary care following a myocardial infarction
Amyloid heart disease (part 2): Management and specific treatments
Authors: Dubrey Simon W , Ghonim Sarah
Published: July 2014

Without therapy, the consequences of significant amyloid heart involvement are inevitably fatal. Management requires a quick and exact determination of amyloid disease type as treatments for the different types of amyloid disease are extremely diverse. This ranges from high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation in immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloid to liver transplantation in hereditary amyloid types. New therapies now include immunomodulatory approaches, RNA transcription interference, precursor protein stabilisation and amyloid fibril dissolution with further possibilities (monoclonal antibodies and other amyloid-chaperone targets) on the horizon. Now, more than ever, one can justify all attempts to diagnose amyloid cardiomyopathy, including endomyocardial biopsy. Following on from part one, which discussed epidemiology, types, clinical features and investigations into amyloid heart disease, this article details the available therapies and describes the nursing strategies applicable to this complex disease spectrum.
Reflective practice on inpatient mental health wards (2/2): evaluation of CBT-integrated reflective learning process
Authors: Mankiewicz Pawel D
Published: July 2014

This second article—of two—further discusses the important role of reflective learning in the modern practice of mental health practitioners. It outlines the benefits that regular and structured reflection on clinical experiences might have for the professional development of nurses and healthcare assistants working in inpatient mental health settings.

It argues for an incorporation of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) principles into the reflective learning process, and demonstrates the effectiveness of CBT-based reflective practice groups facilitated by a clinical psychologist on acute mental health wards.

Finally, it illustrates the outcomes of a reflective practice group (RPG) service evaluation project.
Advances in SPECT in evaluating coronary disease
Authors: Kelion Andrew D
Published: July 2014

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is the longest established of the functional imaging investigations for patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. This article describes recent technical and clinical advances that are ensuring that the technique remains relevant some 40 years after its first introduction.
A Marxist Interpretation of the Current Crisis
Authors: Rémy Herrera
Published: July 2014

This article proposes a Marxist interpretation of the current crisis of capital, mobilizing in particular Marx's concept of fictitious capital. It analyses the origins, manifestations, and effects of the crisis, and presents a critique of the orthodox anti-crisis policies, as well as of the recent so-called return to “Keynesianism.” According to the author, there is a very high probability that the present crisis will become more acute as a systemic crisis of capital, since all the conditions are there for that to happen. This will force us to reconsider the alternatives of post-capitalist social transformation, which more and more of us, in spite of our differences, hope to be socialist.
Subprime Crisis and Marx's Theory on Ground Rent
Authors: Richard Corell  , Ernst Herzog
Published: July 2014

Most studies of the subprime crisis have taken into account the significance of the banks in
general but not the specifically important role of mortgage loans including the crucial factor of
private landed property. Marx's theory on ground rent serves as a key in a deeper understanding
of the subprime crisis and in differentiating the class interests. Referring to Marx's theory
on ground rent especially the topics of landed property, differential and absolute rent, price of
land, mortgage, and fictitious capital, an analysis is given of the consequences of ground rent
under monopolist capitalism, in particular on the recent subprime crisis, which has its winners and
losers. The article concludes with the bourgeois and the proletarian solution of private landed
property.
Average and Marginal Labour Values are: On Log (n)—A Reply to Hagendorf
Authors: Michael Reifferscheidt  , Paul Cockshott
Published: July 2014

The article discusses Hagendorf's contribution to the debate on average versus marginal labour costs as a metric of economic efficiency. It criticises his assumption of rising marginal costs and compares his position to that of other authorities. It provides arguments as to why marginal labour costs tend to fall in industrial economies. It then goes on to look at the practical viability of performing such calculations, using empirical data. These indicate that the non-null elements of the technology matrix tend to grow as n log n, making the calculations tractable.
The Relationship Between Contraceptive Features Preferred by Young Women and Interest in IUDs: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Gomez Anu Manchikanti , Clark Jennifer B.
Published: July 2014

CONTEXT

Little research has examined the relationship between women's preferences of contraceptive features and their interest in IUD use. Given high levels of contraceptive discontinuation and dissatisfaction, a better understanding of contraceptive preferences may support women in finding their optimal method and meeting their family planning goals.

METHODS

Data from 382 heterosexual women aged 18–29 were collected via a 2012 Internet survey. Chi‐square tests and multivariate, multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between contraceptive features preferred by women and their interest in IUD use.

RESULTS

Forty‐eight percent of women reported being unsure whether they would ever use an IUD; 20% were interested in using one, and 32% were not. In multivariate analyses, characteristics of a contraceptive method found positively associated with IUD interest were the method's not interfering with sexual pleasure (relative risk ratio, 3.4), being 99% effective without user action (2.5) and being effective for up to five years without any user action (3.8). Women who preferred a method that they could see or that would allow them to resume fertility immediately after discontinuation were less likely than those who did not to be interested in using rather than not using an IUD (0.4–0.5).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this exploratory analysis indicate that women value a multitude of contraceptive features, which may have implications for their interest in using an IUD. Future research should consider the ways that women's contraceptive preferences can be incorporated into contraceptive counseling.
Review
Authors: Tsai Beth
Published: July 2014

Tsai Ming-liang and a Cinema of Slowness, Song Hwee Lim (2014) Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 240 pp., ISBN: 9780824836849, h/bk, US$45
Are women included in history? The debate of micro-history and macro-history in Hou Hsiao-hsien’s film,
A City of Sadness
Authors: Yu-Ting Hung Christine
Published: July 2014

Many scholars in the fields of cultural studies, film studies, historical studies and gender studies have discussed Hou Hsiao-hsien’s A City of Sadness, as it is one of the most important films in Taiwanese history. It engages with the February 28 Incident, which was buried in Taiwan’s official history for more than 50 years. Hou’s remaking of the historical films acted as a wake-up call not only for the Taiwanese but also for the government to revisit the seminal incident, to think about the present and to reconsider what the best is for the people of Taiwan in the future. This article focuses on the debate about whether women are included in history, through an analysis of A City of Sadness.
Export(t)räume
Authors: Sippel Sarah Ruth
Published: July 2014

Tomaten aus Marokko, Spanien, den Niederlanden - im Supermarktregal liegen sie friedlich nebeneinander. Doch hinter der Hochglanzpräsentation der Obst- und Gemüsetheke verbergen sich Interessenskämpfe mit hohen sozialen Kosten. In diesem Buch blickt Sarah Ruth Sippel nach Marokko und stellt die zunehmende Einbindung des Landes in den Weltmarkt dar. Den verheißungsvollen Exportträumen stehen existenzielle Risiken gegenüber: Während wenige zu global agierenden Exportmanagern aufsteigen, werden viele aus der Landwirtschaft verdrängt. Die Studie zeigt die Bruchzonen der globalen Obst- und Gemüseproduktion auf, die für die Mehrheit der ländlichen Bevölkerung Prekarisierung und neue Abhängigkeiten mit sich bringen.
Die Praxis des Sehens
Authors: Prinz Sophia
Published: July 2014

Wie das Denk- und Sagbare ist auch das Sichtbare einer Kultur historisch wandelbar. Es hängt von den inkorporierten Wahrnehmungsschemata ab, die das Subjekt in Auseinandersetzung mit den Gestalten seiner dinglichen Umwelt erworben hat. Um dieses Verhältnis zwischen der »perzeptiven Syntax« (Merleau-Ponty) des Subjekts und der visuellen Ordnung der Dinge zu erhellen, unternimmt Sophia Prinz zunächst eine systematische Rekonstruktion der im Werk Michel Foucaults angelegten, aber fragmentarisch gebliebenen Theorie der historischen Bedingungen des Sichtbaren. Im Dialog mit Maurice Merleau-Pontys Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung, Jacques Lacans Psychoanalyse des Blicks sowie Pierre Bourdieus Habitustheorie wird diese »Geschichte des Sehens« weiter geschärft und zu einer umfassenden praxistheoretischen Heuristik ausgebaut. Das Sehen erweist sich dabei einerseits als kulturell überformt und andererseits als relativ freie Praxis, die sich für ein Anders-Sehen offen zeigt.
Ereignisse in aller Kürze
Authors: Gruber Carola
Published: July 2014

Kürzestprosa als Extremfall des Erzählens - auf kleinstem Raum werden Grundfragen des Erzählens gestellt: Was ist ein Ereignis? Wie lassen sich Ereignisse erzählen? Im Anschluss an bestehende narratologische Konzeptionen schlägt Carola Gruber einen erweiterten Ereignisbegriff vor. Dieser dient als produktives Analyseinstrument bei exemplarischen Lektüren der Kürzestprosa Thomas Bernhards, Ror Wolfs und Helmut Heißenbüttels - und erlaubt zu zeigen, wie Texte Ereignisse reflektieren, hinterfragen, relativieren und zu »Nicht-Ereignissen« machen. Die Studie ermöglicht es, eine aktuelle Kontroverse der Narratologie neu zu beleuchten. Das Buch wird ergänzt durch ein Interview mit Ror Wolf.
Sound Worlds of Japanese Gardens
Authors: Fowler Michael D.
Published: July 2014

Michael D. Fowler presents an interdisciplinary approach to investigating the sound world of traditional Japanese gardens by drawing from the diverse fields of semiotics, acoustic ecology, philosophy, mathematical modelling, architecture, music, landscape theory and acoustic analysis. Using projects - ranging from data-visualisations, immersive sound installations, algorithmically generated meta-gardens and proto-architectural form finding missions - as creative paradigms, the book offers a new framework for artistic inquiry in which the sole objective is the generation of new knowledge through the act of spatial thinking.
Das Recht des Politischen
Authors: Bogner Daniel
Published: July 2014

Wie sind die Menschenrechte heute angemessen zu verstehen? Sich ausschließlich auf ihren rechtlichen Gehalt oder ethisch-moralischen Anspruch zu konzentrieren, genügt dafür offenbar nicht. Notwendig ist es vielmehr, die Dimension des Politischen, die diesen Rechten eigen ist, systematisch in den Blick zu nehmen: Erst im Feld der sozialen Praxis und in den historisch bezeugten Erfahrungen handelnder Individuen wird ein moralisch-rechtlicher Anspruch konkret greifbar. Am Beispiel des zeitgenössischen Umgangs mit dem Erbe des französischen Kolonialkrieges in Algerien setzt Daniel Bogner Theorie und Praxis, Normativität und Geschichte konsequent miteinander in Beziehung. Ergebnis ist ein neues Verständnis der Menschenrechte - jenseits der Sackgassen einer rein historischen oder exklusiv geltungstheoretischen Perspektive.
Die Videothek
Authors: Haupts Tobias
Published: July 2014

Im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung des Films scheint es erstaunlich, dass das Auftreten seiner haptischen Form noch nicht lang zurückliegt. Der Film auf Videokassette, der den Zuschauer von den Reglementierungen des Kinos und des Fernsehens emanzipierte, schuf nicht nur einen neuen Zugang zur Filmgeschichte, sondern einen gänzlich neuen Raum im Medienensemble: die Videothek. In der Bundesrepublik der 1980er Jahre bildete diese kulturelle Institution einen Nexus, der die neuen Fragen des Jugendschutzes, der Verbreitung von Filmen sowie der andersartigen Medienkonkurrenz bündelte und neu zu beantworten versuchte.
The perceptions of the administrators working in primary and secondary schools related to the organizational dissent
Authors: Ağalday Bünyamin , Özgan Habib , Arslan Mustafa Cüneyt
Published: July 2014

The research was conducted to find out the perceptions of the administrators working in primary and secondary schools related to the organizational dissent. The research contributes to the teachers in respect to their level of job satisfaction and development of positive attitude towards the school as well as the embracement of democratic units in the schools. The research is a case study from the qualitative research patterns. Working group consists of 15 school administrators (principals and deputy principals) working in primary and secondary schools in Mardın in the academic year of 2012-2013. Criterion sample method was used in determination of school administrators in working group. The research data was collected by interview method and analyzed by using descriptive and content analysis method. According to the results derived from the analysis, teachers mostly dissent in case of the assignments given to them and they prefer lateral dissent strategy. In accordance with the findings, organizing impressive communication seminars for school administrators, arranging face-to-face meetings, whose subject is apart from school affairs, between administrators and teachers periodically, and making legal regulations in respect to organizational dissent which harms educational institutions are proposed.
Surface modification of poplar veneer by means of radio frequency oxygen plasma (RF-OP) to improve interfacial adhesion with urea-formaldehyde resin
Authors: Tang Lijuan , Zhang Rong , Wang Xiangming , Yang Xuehui , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: July 2014

The radio frequency oxygen plasma (RF-OP) treatment of wood was in focus, namely the surface properties of poplar veneer has been analyzed as a function of RF-OP treatment power concerning the chemical composition, free radicals, morphology and roughness. In addition, the interfacial adhesion of plywood composites was measured by determining the shear strength. The results show that RF-OP treatment introduced free radicals and polar groups onto the veneer surface, changed the surface morphology, and increased the surface roughness. Shear strength of the composite was improved. It can be concluded that RF-OP treatment is most effective at the optimal treatment power of 200 W.
The influence of sex steroids on adipose tissue growth and function
Authors: Law James , Bloor Ian , Budge Helen , Symonds Michael E.
Published: July 2014

Obesity remains a major global health concern. Understanding the metabolic influences of the obesity epidemic in the human population on maintenance of a healthy weight and metabolic profile is still of great significance. The importance and role of white adipose tissue has been long established, particularly with excess adiposity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), however, has only recently been shown to contribute significantly to the metabolic signature of mammals outside the previously recognised role in small mammals and neonates. BAT’s detection in adults has led to a renewed interest and is now considered to be a potential therapeutic target to prevent excess white fat accumulation in obesity, a theory further promoted by the recent discovery of beige fat. Adipose tissue distribution varies significantly between genders. Pre-menopausal females often show enhanced lower and peripheral fat deposition in adiposity deposition compared to the male profile of central and visceral fat accumulation with obesity. This sex disparity is partly attributed to the different effects of sex hormone profiles and interactions on the adipose tissue system. In this review, we explore this intricate relationship and show how modifications in the effects of sex hormones impact on both brown and white adipose tissues. We also discuss the impact of sex hormones on activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and how the three pathways between adiposity, HPA and sex steroids can have a major contribution to the prevention or maintenance of obesity and therefore on overall health.
Recent Developments in the Social and Economic History of Ancient Egypt
Authors: García Juan Carlos Moreno
Published: July 2014

Recent developments in Pharaonic social and economic history help provide a more balanced interpretation of ancient Egypt. Landscape research shows the succession of several micro-regions in the Nile Valley. The conditions prevailing in some of these regions show that cattle rearing played a crucial economic role, while mobile populations from Egypt and abroad could lead lifestyles alternative to cereal cultivation. Trade also appears as a largely underestimated activity, where markets, private merchants and agricultural “entrepreneurs” fuelled exchanges not only within Egyptian borders but also abroad. Their role was crucial in the transformation of agrarian produce into wealth while their activities were in many ways autonomous from any institution, including temples or the crown itself. Not surprisingly, the social structure appears less rigidly organized than previously thought. Elites and peasantry, for instance, actually encompassed very distinct social groups whose goals and interests were not always coincident. While the former included not only officials and high dignitaries but also local potentates and chiefs of villages, the latter encompassed a variety of conditions, from poor rural workers and forced labourers to wealthy cultivators and rich peasants. The local power of such sub-elites enabled them to head extensive patronage networks. Their cooperation with the royal administration was crucial for the stability of the monarchy, even if their appearance in official sources is rather elusive. Politics, the negotiation between factions and groups for power, between the core of the kingdom and the provinces, were common practice, quite far in fact from the supposedly autocratic power of pharaohs.
Single-molecule fluorescence imaging by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Knight Alex E.
Published: July 2014

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is a popular illumination technique in microscopy, with many applications in cell and molecular biology and biophysics. The chief advantage of the technique is the high contrast that can be achieved by restricting fluorescent excitation to a thin layer. We summarise the optical theory needed to understand the technique and various aspects required for a practical implementation of it, including the merits of different TIRF geometries. Finally, we discuss a variety of applications including super-resolution microscopy and high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies.
Efficient asymmetric syntheses of alkaloids and medicinally relevant molecules based on heterocyclic chiral building blocks
Authors: Wang Ai-E , Huang Pei-Qiang
Published: July 2014

In this report, we present recent progress in synthetic methodologies based on three heterocyclic chiral building blocks developed from our laboratories. The potential of these chiral building block-based methods in the concise asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids and medicinally interesting molecules has been demonstrated by the total syntheses of 8-aza-prostaglandin E1, 11-hydroxylated analogues of the lead compounds CP-734432 and PF-04475270, (+)-castanospermine, (+)-1-epi-castanospermine, 7-deoxy-6-epi-castanospermine as well as 9-epi-sessilifoliamide J.
Bibliometric analysis of research on secondary organic aerosols: Update
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Zhang Yuanhang , Herjavić Glenda , Wine Paul H. , Klasinc Leo
Published: July 2014

This study was conceived to evaluate the global scientific output of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) research and to assess the characteristics of the research patterns, tendencies, and methods in the papers. Data were based on the online version of Science Citation Index Expanded from 1990 to 2013. Publications referring to SOA were assessed by distribution of the number of publications and times cited, source journals, h-index, and the most cited publications in these years. By synthetic analysis of author keywords, KeyWords Plus, titles, and abstracts, it was concluded that modeling is currently and will at least over the next decade continue to be the predominant research method to validate state-of-the-art knowledge of SOA, and that the foci of SOA research will be the key precursors terpenes, isoprene, and dicarbonyls; the mechanisms of oxidation and aqueous-phase reactions; emission inventories; and chemical composition. Recent years show growing interest for research on health effects.
Mechanical properties of potassium hydroxide-pretreated Christmas palm fiber-reinforced polyester composites: characterization study, modeling and optimization
Authors: Sundaram S. Kalyana , Jayabal S.
Published: July 2014

The mechanical properties of Christmas palm-reinforced polyester composite were improved by chemical modification of Christmas palm fibers through alkali treatment. An attempt was made in this investigation to identify the possibility of using potassium hydroxide as alkali solution. The fibers treated with potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at varying solution concentrations and soaking times were reinforced in a polyester matrix and tested for their mechanical properties. The physicochemical interaction between the treated Christmas palm fiber and polyester matrix was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The surface modification of fibers improved the compatibility of fibers with polyester matrix, which, in turn, resulted in better mechanical properties. A nonlinear regression model was developed to predict the mechanical properties of the composites using response surface methodology. The better treatment conditions for optimum mechanical properties were determined using a heuristic optimization method called particle swarm optimization (PSO). The optimized value obtained using the PSO technique was validated through a confirmation test, and the result was found to be significant.
Viscosities and Densities of Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids Mixed with Dodecane
Authors: Awwad Nadeen , Liu Xiangyang , Afzal Waheed , Prausnitz John M.
Published: July 2014

While phosphonium-based ionic liquids are good solvents for gases,
they have high viscosities. Addition of a diluent like dodecane
significantly lowers the viscosities of the ionic liquids. In the
range 20–90 ℃, viscosities and densities were
measured for binary mixtures of dodecane with one of five
phosphonium-based ionic liquids: Tributylmethylphosphonium
bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate [TMPP-PA],
Tributyltetradecylphosphonium dodecylbenyzenesulfonate [TTDP-DB],
Trimethyloctylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate
[TMPP-TP], Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide [TTDP-DC], and
Trihexyltetradecylphophonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphoniate
[TTDP-PA]. For every one of these ionic liquids, addition of
10 wt. % dodecane very much reduces the viscosity but
slightly reduces the density.
Cerebellar Mass as a Location of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Desideri Ilaria , Canovetti Silvia , Pesaresi Ilaria , Caniglia Michele , Ciancia Eugenio , Bartolozzi Carlo , Puglioli Michele , Cosottini Mirco
Published: July 2014

A 22-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was referred to our observation for headache, cervical pain and sopor. A computed tomography study revealed triventricular obstructive hydrocephalus due to a left cerebellar hyperdense mass impinging on the fourth ventricle. A magnetic resonance study demonstrated an area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, hypointensity on T1, restricted diffusivity and contrast enhancement involving the left hemispherical cerebellar cortex and the vermis and causing cerebellar herniation. After surgical excision of the lesion, histological examination revealed an infiltrate of lymphoblastic leukaemia with B cells. Leukaemic intracranial masses are rare. Our report describes a case presenting a cerebellar mass of leukaemic tissue characterized by high cellularity and low apparent diffusion coefficient value comparable to acute ischaemia. Therefore leukaemic intracranial mass has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of cerebellar masses.
Diffuse Axonal Injury with Selective Involvement of the Corticospinal Tract
Authors: Tavanti Francesca , Coppola Valeria , Romano Andrea , Beccia Mario , Giuliani Giorgia , Pierallini Alberto , Bozzao Alessandro
Published: July 2014

The identification of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) can be difficult, especially using conventional imaging (CT or MRI), which usually appears normal. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is useful in identifying white matter abnormalities in patients with DAI. We describe the case of a 17-year-old female with severe closed head injury and right-side hemiparesis, studied with DTI and MR-tractography. In this case, DTI was useful to detect focal and diffuse signs of DAI.
Sappho – A Great Poetess of Ancient Greece
Authors: Gu Jie , Qin Jing
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND Sappho is an Ancient Greek poetess, whose poetry is well known in western literature and greatly impacts the development of Greek poetry. In the ancient world she was considered to be an equal footing with Homer, acclaimed as the “tenth muse”.

OBJECTIVE This work focuses on the characters of Sappho and her poetry and her impact on Greek literature as well as western culture. The purpose of the study is to help further understand the great poet and better enjoy her works, thus forming a brighter image of Sappho.

METHOD Based on the studies and books of some scholars like Margaret Williamson and Bliss Carman, this paper attempts to adopt a descriptive-analytical method to summarize and analyze Sappho’s identity and her poems, so as to provide a brighter image of this great poet.

CONCLUSION Among the Greek literature stands the great figure-Sappho. There is an inescapable fact that Sappho may have been the greatest poet who ever lived. In antiquity, Sappho was commonly regarded as the greatest, or one of the greatest, of lyric poets. Today, Sappho has set a standard for poetry that has never been exceeded. The work of Sappho has been widely admired and imitated.
INCIDENCE AND TREATMENT OF INTRA-ARTICULAR LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEARS
Authors: Todor Adrian , Nistor Dan , Buescu Cristian , Pojar Adina , Lucaciu Dan
Published: July 2014

The aim of the study is to retrospectively review the patients admitted and treated in the “Alexandru Rădulescu” Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Cluj-Napoca for an anterior cruciate ligament tear over a 2-year period and document the intra-articular lesions found at arthroscopy as well as the treatment used for these associated lesions.Patients and methods. The case records of 88 patients operated for anterior cruciate ligament tear over a period of 2 years were reviewed. There were 67 males and 21 females with a mean age of 28.9 years, ranging from 14 to 49 years. After recording the patient demographics, we documented all the intra-articular lesions found during knee arthroscopy, as well as all procedures undertaken concomitant with the ACL reconstruction.Results. 50 of the 88 patients (56.8%) had associated intra-articular lesions at the time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The most common injury found was a meniscus tear, 48 patients (54.5%) had a meniscal pathology at the time of ligament reconstruction, medial meniscus being the most frequent injured one, found in 37 patients. Meniscectomy and meniscus suture were the procedures performed for these lesions, meniscectomy being more frequent. Chondral defects were the next associated injuries found with an incidence of 15.9% of the cases. The medial side of the knee was the most common site of chondral pathology.Conclusions. ACL tears are frequently associated with other intra-articular lesions, especially medial meniscus tears and chondral defects affecting the medial compartment. Such pathology most often needs surgical attention during the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
EXPERIENCE OF ANGER IN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IN ROMANIA
Authors: Stănculete Mihaela Fadgyas , Pojoga Cristina , Dumitrașcu Dan Lucian
Published: July 2014

Background and aims. Anger is strongly associated with the coping style, personality, interpersonal conflicts and quality of life. Increased research is being focused on the negative impact of anger on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Certain psychological areas such as anger have not been investigated in Romanian patients. The present study aims to determine the basal differences in experiencing anger between IBS patients and controls.Method. We examined the State-Trait anger in 60 subjects with IBS and 45 controls. The socio-demographic data and the State-Trait Anger Inventory were administered in individual sessions.Results evidenced that the IBS group had high mean scores for trait anger. No significant differences between the groups were detected on state anger.Conclusion. Higher levels of trait anger characterize IBS patients when compared to controls and this may be associated with symptoms. These findings are discussed within the context of other data suggesting that trait anger contributes to development and evolution of IBS, perhaps through modulation of the colonic motor activity.
ROLE OF COMORBIDITIES IN CARING FOR CHRONICLY ILL ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DEMENTIA
Authors: Gurgu Minerva , Zamfirescu Andreea , Rascu Agripina , Romila Aurel , Gurgu Horia , Nedelcu Laurențiu
Published: July 2014

Background and aim. The aim of this study is to highlight the presence of co-morbidities and their role in caring for chronicly ill patients with and without dementia. Patients and methods. The study was performed on a group of 213 chronic patients. We used CIRS-G (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale in Geriatric Population) and IADL (Instrumental Activity Daily Living) scales. We compared the scores of severity and dependency.Results. The most frequent co-morbidities in the study group were cardiac, vascular, locomotor, sensory organs and metabolic diseases. For the study group, the highest medium score of severity according to the CIRS-G scale was represented by cardiovascular diseases. For patients with dementia, psychiatric, cardiac, vascular, metabolic, genitourinary, sensory organs and locomotion domains had the highest score of severity and dependency.Conclusions. The health status of chronic patients with and without dementia is characterized by multiple pathologies with various degrees of severity and dependency.
Creep Strengthening of Iron-Nickel-Base Superalloy for High-Stress Condition by Cubo-Octahedral Nanoparticles Precipitation
Authors: Li Ming-Yen , Kuo Shih-Ming , Pan Yeong-Tsuen
Published: July 2014

Under a creep condition of relatively intense stress, dispersive precipitation of TiC nanoparticles could be promptly brought out within the austenite grain when the iron-nickel-base superalloy was fabricated through the specific production of the ingenious alloy design, applicable electro-slag remelting and high-temperature solution-anneal developed in this study. Both the TiC and coexistent M23C6 precipitates are cubo-octahedral in shape, remaining the cube-to-cube orientation relationship and coherent {111}carbide/γ and {100}carbide/γ interphase interface with the austenite, which bring about the dispersion-strengthening effect so that the time to rupture for the present alloy could be increased by 1.8 times of magnitude relative to the commercial creep-resistant product of the same grade. The improved creep property can be attributed to the mechanism that the nanometer-scale intragranular TiC and submicron intergranular M23C6 can act as pinning points for individual dislocations and grain boundaries, respectively, resulting in the raised Orowan strengthening and suppressed grain boundary sliding. Since the strengthening media found in this study are thermally stable and able to emerge readily prior to the formation of γ’ phase at the temperature range studied, this work suggested an improved grade of heat resistant alloy for applications in a relatively harsh environment that the creep lifetime might be shorter than the incubation period of the common strengthening phase for superalloys.