bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Depression and First‐Line Antidepressant Therapy in People with Obesity and Depression in Primary Care
Authors: Tyrer Freya , Zaccardi Francesco , Khunti Kamlesh , Morriss Richard
Published: April 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the age‐ and gender‐specific incidence of depression, the dose‐response relationship between BMI and risk of depression (Cox proportional hazards), and antidepressant drug prescribing in adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods

A retrospective electronic health record study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink was conducted to identify adults with overweight and obesity (≥ 18 years) with incident depression (no prior depression diagnosis in their records), followed up from 2000 to 2019.

Results

Among 519,513 adults, incidence of depression was 9.2 per 1,000 person‐years and was higher in women and in 40‐ to 59‐year‐old men who had severe obesity. Compared with having overweight, the hazard of depression increased with each BMI category as follows: 1.13 (30‐34 kg/m2; 95% CI: 1.10‐1.16), 1.34 (35‐39 kg/m2; 1.29‐1.40), 1.51 (40‐44 kg/m2; 1.41‐1.61), and 1.67 (45‐49 kg/m2; 1.48‐1.87), attenuating at BMI 50+ kg/m2 (1.54; 2.91‐1.84). Antidepressants were prescribed as first‐line therapy in two‐thirds (66.3%) of cases. Prescriptions for fluoxetine reduced over time (20.4% [2000]; 8.8% [2018]), and prescriptions for sertraline increased (4.3% [2000]; 38.9% [2018]).

Conclusions

We recommend guidance on antidepressant drug prescribing and specific services for people with obesity and depression that address both symptoms and behaviors.
A new database and benchmark of the bond energies of noble‐gas‐containing molecules
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐Cheng , Tsai Zhi‐Yao , Tseng Ming‐Yu , Hu Wei‐Ping
Published: April 2020

We have developed a new database of structures and bond energies of 59 noble‐gas‐containing molecules. The structures were calculated by CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ methods and the bond energies were obtained using the CCSD(T)/complete basis set method. Many wavefunction‐based and density functional theory methods have been benchmarked against the 59 accurate bond energies. Our results show that the MPW1B95, B2GP‐PLYP, and DSD‐BLYP functionals with the aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set excel in predicting the bond energies of noble‐gas molecules with mean unsigned errors (MUEs) of 2.0 to 2.1 kcal/mol. When combinations of Dunning's basis sets are used, the MPW1B95, B2GP‐PLYP, DSD‐BLYP, and BMK functionals give significantly lower MUEs of 1.6 to 1.9 kcal/mol. Doubly hybrid methods using B2GP‐PLYP and DSD‐BLYP functionals and MP2 calculation also provide satisfactory accuracy with MUEs of 1.4 to 1.5 kcal/mol. If the Ng bond energies and the total atomization energies of a group of 109 main‐group molecules are considered at the same time, the MPW1B95/aug‐cc‐pVTZ single‐level method (MUE = 2.7 kcal/mol) and the B2GP‐PLYP and DSD‐PLYP functionals with combinations of basis sets or using the doubly hybrid method (MUEs = 1.9‐2.2 kcal/mol) give the overall best result.
Effects of Dopants in PtSn/M‐Silicalite‐1 on Structural Property and on Catalytic Propane Dehydrogenation Performance
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Liu Shuangfei , Jing Fangli , Jiang Changzhou , Shen Jun , Pang Yanping , Luo Shizhong , Chu Wei
Published: April 2020

The various metal‐doped Silicalite‐1 (M−S1, M=Mg, Al, Fe and In) supports were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, then were used to disperse the PtSn species through impregnation. The resulting solids were further characterized through XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, XPS, H2‐TPR, NH3‐TPD, Raman spectroscopy and TG techniques to investigate the structural property before and after propane dehydrogenation reaction. The results exhibited that the introduction of various metal dopants had profound effects on pore structure, reducibility, acidity and surface content of Pt which was directly related to the activation of propane. And the surface content of Pt acted as the dominant role for converting propane. As a consequence, the maximum initial conversion of propane was obtained over Fe‐modified PtSn/Fe−S1 sample, but it deactivated fast as well because of the coke deposition.
Consequences of analytic boundary conditions in AdS
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Wang Diandian
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We investigate the effects of an analytic boundary metric for smooth asymptotically anti-de Sitter gravitational solutions. The boundary dynamics is then completely determined by the initial data due to corner conditions that all smooth solutions must obey. We perturb a number of familiar static solutions and explore the boundary dynamics that results. We find evidence for a nonlinear asymptotic instability of the planar black hole in four and six dimensions. In four dimensions we find indications of at least exponential growth, while in six dimensions, it appears that a singularity may form in finite time on the boundary. This instability extends to pure AdS (at least in the Poincare patch). For the class of perturbations we consider, there is no sign of this instability in five dimensions.
Type-B anomaly matching and the 6D (2,0) theory
Authors: Niarchos Vasilis , Papageorgakis Constantinos , Pomoni Elli
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We study type-B conformal anomalies associated with

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS Coulomb-branch operators in 4D

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 superconformal field theories. When the vacuum preserves the conformal symmetry these anomalies coincide with the two-point function coefficients in the Coulomb-branch chiral ring. They are non-trivial functions of exactly-marginal couplings that can be determined from the S
4 partition function. In this paper, we examine the fate of these anomalies in vacua of the Higgs-branch moduli space, where conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken. We argue non-perturbatively that these anomalies are covariantly constant on conformal manifolds. In some cases, this can be used to show that they match in the broken and unbroken phases. Thus, we uncover a new class of data on the Higgs branch of 4D

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 conformal field theories that are exactly computable. An interesting application of this matching occurs in

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 circular quivers that deconstruct the 6D (2,0) theory on a torus. In that context, we argue that 4D supersymmetric localisation can be used to calculate non-trivial data involving

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS operators of the 6D theory as exact functions of the complex structure of the torus.
Comparison of two reinforcement rings for primary total hip arthroplasty addressing displaced acetabular fractures: a biomechanical analysis
Authors: Becker Johannes , Winkler M. , von Rüden C. , Bliven E. , Augat P. , Resch H.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Aim of this study was to biomechanically compare two different acetabular cup fixation constructs in terms of fracture fixation for displaced acetabular fractures involving the anterior column with hemitransverse fracture under partial and full weight-bearing conditions.

Methods

Two different reinforcement rings designed as cages for primary THA were biomechanically tested in terms of managing a complex acetabular fracture. Single-leg stance cyclic loading was performed to assess fracture gap movement and fragment rotation. Twelve hemi pelvis Sawbones were divided into two groups: primary THA with acetabulum roof reinforcement plate (ARRP) (n = 6) and primary THA with Burch–Schneider reinforcement cage (BSRC) (n = 6).

Results

During loading under partial weight-bearing (250 N) fracture gap movement tended to be larger in the BSRC group as compared to the ARRP group. Under full weight-bearing conditions, the ARRP showed 60% significantly less motion (p = 0.035) of the os ilium to os ischii gap compared to BSRC. Fracture gap movements between the os ilium and spina iliaca fragments were significantly reduced by 76% (p = 0.048) for ARRP in contrast to BSRC. The ARRP group also demonstrated significantly less movement in the fracture gaps os ischii to quadrilateral plate (62% reduction, p = 0.009) and quadrilateral plate to spina iliaca (87% reduction, p < 0.001). Significantly less rotational movement of the quadrilateral plate to the os ilium was exhibited by the ARRP group (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

The presented acetabulum roof-reinforcement plate (ARRP) provides stable conditions at the acetabular component with adequate stabilization of a displaced acetabular fracture.
Knowledge transfer as a tool towards improvement of cancer care in low- and middle-income countries. 6th European Roundtable Meeting (ERTM), June 14th, 2019, Berlin, Germany
Authors: Ortmann O. , Torode J. , Schmiegel W. , Thomssen C. , Hakama M. , Basu P. , Ringborg U. , Helbig U. ,   For the participants of the ERTM, Hakama Matti , Basu Partha , Jelenc Marjetka , Borras Josep , Ringborg Ulrik , Torode Julie , Coebergh Jan-Willem , Bruns Johannes , Follmann Markus , Helbig Ulrike , Hochhaus Andreas , Klinkhammer- Monika , Landenberger Margarete , Ortmann Olaf , Schmiegel Wolff , Thomssen Christian
Published: April 2020

Purpose

To identify key factors for the best practice of knowledge transfer from high-income settings to low- and middle-income settings.

Results

Interactive sessions led to the identification of European learnings that can and should be shared beyond Europe. Furthermore, methods were characterised which may lead to successful knowledge transfer with subsequent quality improvement.

Conclusion

To ensure successful implementation of knowledge and new methods, political support is extremely important. A strong focus should be an improvement of collaboration and network development. Rehabilitation, early and late pallative care, cost effectiveness and long-term follow-up are priorities. Limitations are budget constraints which limit the execution of NCCPs.
Efficacy and safety of Dentoxol® in the prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients (ESDOM): a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial
Authors: Lalla Rajesh V. , Solé Sebastián , Becerra Sergio , Carvajal Claudia , Bettoli Piero , Letelier Hernán , Santini Alejandro , Vargas Lorena , Cifuentes Alexander , Larsen Francisco , Jara Natalia , Oyarzún Jorge , Feinn Richard , Bustamante Eva , Martínez Benjamín , Rosenberg David , Galván Tomas
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Dentoxol mouthrinse in reducing the severity of oral mucositis (OM) secondary to radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer.

Methods

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase II clinical trial was conducted. Subjects were asked to use Dentoxol (n = 55) or control (n = 53) mouthrinse 5 times/day during RT. Twice a week, OM was assessed clinically using the WHO scale and the Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire (OMDQ) was completed.

Results

The incidence of severe OM was 40.7% in the Dentoxol group and 51% in the control group (p = 0.265). Comparing all recorded clinical assessments, severe OM was seen in 13.3% of all assessments in the Dentoxol group vs. 21.8% in the control group (p = 0.000). There was a statistically significant lower proportion of assessments showing severe OM in the Dentoxol group at weeks 4, 5, and 6 of RT. The mean duration of severe OM was 11.95 days in the Dentoxol group vs. 14.59 days in the control group (p = 0.502). There was no difference between groups in mouth pain and its impact on function. The use of Dentoxol was safe and was not linked to any serious adverse events.

Conclusion

The use of Dentoxol 5 times/day is safe and resulted in significantly fewer time-points with severe OM and a delay in the onset of severe OM, compared with a control rinse. A phase III clinical trial is warranted to confirm efficacy and address the limitations of this study.
Photodegradation assessment of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in bulk drug and in the presence of excipients
Authors: Maślanka Anna , Żmudzki Paweł , Szlósarczyk Marek , Talik Przemysław , Hubicka Urszula
Published: April 2020

Photostability of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in APIs and powdered tablets during exposure to UVA irradiation was studied. In order to evaluate the photodegradation process an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. It was found that the photodegradation of the studied compounds depends on the type of drug and co-existing excipients. Different percentage of photodegradation of the studied drugs was observed, and therefore amisulpride decomposed at 2.63% in bulk drug and at 5.74% in pharmaceutical preparation, doxepin: 29% and 72.38%, haloperidol: 3.71% and 26.20%, risperidone: 7.13% and 12.86%, venlafaxine: 38.59% and 4.22%, zopiclone: 18.62% and 31.42% respectively, after 114 days of UVA irradiation. In addition, kinetic evaluation of the photodegradation process was performed by determining the order of reaction, reaction rate constant k and time t0.1 and t0.5. The photodegradation products of studied drugs were identified, and their fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. The photostability testing is an integral part of the drug stability assessment to ensure quality, efficacy and safety of the formulated products during manufacturing process, storage as well as normal use.

Graphic abstract
Worshipping the Tiger: Modeling Non-use Existence Values of Wildlife Spiritual Services
Authors: Lopes Adrian A. , Atallah Shady S.
Published: April 2020

Several indigenous tribes around the world derive spiritual value from revering fauna and flora species. Species conservation is not a prime objective of such traditions but can be an unintended consequence. Conventional species conservation practices ignore this spiritual value and tribes are often evicted from protected areas. We use the existence value framework to develop a coupled ecological-economic model of the use and non-use, existence values of wildlife for a tribe that derives spiritual value from a wildlife population. We calibrate the model for the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve in India with the resident Soligas tribe who consider tigers as sacred and back out an existence value of tigers in this reserve from a tribe manager’s perspective. The model ascertains tiger population dynamics under several management scenarios. Steady-state convergence is observed under secure property rights for the Soligas. Scenarios in which they are evicted from the BRT reserve and lose their property rights yields localized tiger extinction. Finally, we generate a marginal existence value function and discuss the potential for using existence value estimates in guiding conservation policy.
Genetic Selective Abortion: Still a Matter of Choice
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce P.
Published: April 2020

Jeremy Williams has argued that if we are committed to a liberal pro-choice stance with regard to selective abortion for disability, we will be unable to justify the prohibition of sex selective abortion. Here, I apply his reasoning to selective abortion based on other traits pregnant women may decide are undesirable. These include susceptibility to disease, level of intelligence, physical appearance, sexual orientation, religious belief and criminality—in fact any traits attributable to some degree to a genetic component. Firstly, I review Williams’ argument, which claims that if a woman is granted the right to abort based on fetal impairment, then by parity of reasoning she should also be granted the right to choose sex selective abortion. I show that these same considerations that entail the permissibility of sex selective abortion are also applicable to genetic selection abortion. I then examine the objections to sex selective abortion that Williams considers and rejects, and show that they also lack force against genetic selection abortion. Finally, I consider some additional objections that might be raised, and conclude that a liberal pro-choice stance on selective abortion for disability entails the permissibility of selective abortion for most genetic traits.
Permanent Spacers Are a Reliable Solution for Peri-prosthetic Shoulder Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alessio-Mazzola Mattia , Repetto Ilaria , Russo Antonio , Clemente Antonio , Ventura Niccolò , Formica Matteo , Burastero Giorgio , Felli Lamberto
Published: April 2020

Background

Peri-prosthetic shoulder infection (PSI), a highly disabling complication of shoulder arthroplasty, often requires additional surgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Of strategies proposed to manage this devastating condition, the use of cement spacers, perhaps even as a definitive treatment, is debated.

Questions/Purposes

We sought to systematically review the literature on antibiotic-loaded cement spacers as a viable, perhaps definitive, treatment for PSI, evaluating the eradication rates, mechanical reliability, and functional results related to its use.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies published from January 1, 1980, through September 1, 2019. Following the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, we searched for studies reporting functional and clinical outcomes in patients with PSI treated with a permanent spacer of the shoulder. Two independent reviewers searched eight databases, as well as reference lists of the retrieved articles.

Results

After exclusion criteria were applied, 12 studies were included, involving a total of 143 patients. The mean age was 65.8 years; the mean follow-up was 37.4 months. A total of 133 patients (93%) were free from infection at latest follow-up. The mean post-operative active elevation of the shoulder ranged from 48.6 to 90°, the mean abduction ranged from 51 to 75°, and external rotation ranged from 3.6 to 29°. The mean Constant–Murley score ranged from 20.6 to 42 points (out of 100, from worst to best).

Conclusion

The use of a permanent cement spacer is a reliable solution to PSI in low-demand, older patients with comorbidities, a population in whom it is desirable to avoid additional surgery. Our review found a high rate of infection eradication and moderate-to-good objective and subjective results. However, the overall level of evidence of included studies was very low, and higher-quality studies are needed to clarify the role of permanent spacers in the treatment of PSI.
Distributionally robust optimization with decision dependent ambiguity sets
Authors: Luo Fengqiao , Mehrotra Sanjay
Published: April 2020

We study decision dependent distributionally robust optimization models, where the ambiguity sets of probability distributions can depend on the decision variables. These models arise in situations with endogenous uncertainty. The developed framework includes two-stage decision dependent distributionally robust stochastic programming as a special case. Decision dependent generalizations of five types of ambiguity sets are considered. These sets are based on bounds on moments, covariance matrix, Wasserstein metric, Phi-divergence and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. For the finite support case, we use linear, conic or Lagrangian duality to give reformulations of these models with a finite number of constraints. Reformulations are also given for the continuous support case for moment, covariance, Wasserstein and Kolmogorov–Smirnov based models. These reformulations allow solutions of such problems using global optimization techniques within the framework of a cutting surface algorithm. The importance of decision dependence in the ambiguity set is demonstrated with the help of a numerical example modeling simultaneous determination of order quantity and selling price for a newsvendor problem.
Endometriumkarzinom
Authors: Ouassou Katja , Klingelhöfer Doris , Brüggmann Dörthe
Published: April 2020

Das Endometriumkarzinom (EC) ist weltweit die sechsthäufigste Krebserkrankung der Frau. Im Jahr 2018 wurden mehr als 380.000 Neuerkrankungen und mehr als 89.000 Todesfälle registriert. Bekannte Risikofaktoren sind das steigende Lebensalter, ein erhöhter Body-Mass-Index (BMI) und eine alleinige Hormontherapie mit Östrogenen ohne Gestagenschutz. Aufgrund der meist früheinsetzenden Symptomatik (z. B. abnormale uterine Blutungen) wird das EC häufig in einem frühen Stadium diagnostiziert, welches sich begünstigend auf die Therapie und die generelle Prognose auswirkt. Eine Früherkennungsuntersuchung wird trotz steigender Inzidenzzahlen nicht empfohlen. Präventiv wirken eine gesunde und sportlich aktive Lebensweise, eine hohe Geburtenzahl und die Verhütung mittels gestagenhaltiger Kontrazeptiva oder der Hormonspirale.
Border Justice: Migration and Accountability for Human Rights Violations
Authors: Costello Cathryn , Mann Itamar
Published: April 2020

This introductory Article sets out the premise of the Special Issue, the entrenched and pervasive nature of human rights violations in the context of migration control and the apparent lack of accountability for such violations. It sets out features of contemporary migration control practices and their legal governance that contribute to this phenomenon, namely the exceptional treatment of migration in international law; the limited scope of international refugee law; and the pervasive use of externalized, delegated migration controls, in particular by the EU and its Member States. The roots of the current condition are traced back to the containment practices that emerged at the end of the Cold War, with the 2015 “crisis” framed both as an illustration of the failures of containment, and a source of further stasis. Following an overview of the contributions that make up the Special Issue, this Article identifies five emergent themes, and suggests further lines of inquiry. These are: the promise and limits of strategic human rights limitations; the role of both international criminal law, and domestic (and regional) tort law in securing accountability; the turn to positive obligations to challenge entrenched features of containment; and the role of direct action in support of and solidarity with those challenging migration controls most directly, refugees and migrants themselves. Rather than offering panaceas, the Article concludes with the identification of further new challenges, notably the role of new technologies in further dissipating lines of accountability for decisions to exclude.
The Great Depression and the Making of Turkish-Syrian Border, 1921–1939
Authors: Öztan Ramazan Hakkı
Published: April 2020

This article explores how the Great Depression in 1929 led to the expansion of illicit circuits globally, and examines the ways in which the introduction of anti-smuggling campaigns came to consolidate the border regimes in Turkey and French Syria. The global economic downturn in the late 1920s led states to embrace protectionist measures such as heightened tariffs and import quotas, all designed to protect local industries and maintain a favorable trade balance. The introduction of such measures, however, often resulted in the emergence of highly profitable illicit circuits, including in the borderland between Turkey and Syria. Here, a sturdy coalition of producers, shop owners, smugglers, trackers, and peddlers began to smuggle into Turkey a range of goods from silk textiles to cigarette papers, while funneling out narcotics into Syria. By seeking the global trajectories of such commodity flows, this article examines the impact of these borderland mobilities on the making of Turkey's southern border by exploring the local and bureaucratic responses to a rapidly changing world economic order in the aftermath of the Great Depression.
Government Employment Guarantee, Labor Supply, and Firms’ Reaction: Evidence from the Largest Public Workfare Program in the World
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Alok Shashwat , Chopra Yakshup , Tantri Prasanna
Published: April 2020

Using establishment-level data, we examine the impact of the Indian government’s employment guarantee program on labor and firm behavior. We exploit the staggered implementation of the program for identification and find that the program led to a 10% reduction in the permanent workforce in firms. Firms responded to the adverse labor-supply shock by resorting to increased mechanization. This significantly increased the firms’ cost of production, leading to a decline in net profits and productivity. These effects manifested primarily in firms paying low wages, firms having low labor productivity and greater sales volatility, and firms located in states with pro-employer labor regulations.
Ex-Chromosomes: Contemporary Performance and the End of Gender
Authors: Felton-Dansky Miriam
Published: April 2020

In the 1915 novel Herland, Charlotte Perkins Gilman imagined a utopian society, populated only by women, that has been flourishing in the absence of men for more than two thousand years. When Gilman's narrator—one of three male explorers to “discover” this much-mythologized wonderland—discusses gender distinctions with the Herlanders, he quickly learns that these utopians have long shed any consciousness of what a society with two genders would entail. “And there are two of you—the two sexes—to love and help one another,” a Herlander exclaims, in one of the novel's many ironic flourishes. “It must be a rich and wonderful world.”
Sea-floor and sea-ice conditions in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica, around the wreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Endurance
Authors: Dowdeswell Julian A. , Batchelor Christine L. , Dorschel Boris , Benham Toby J. , Christie Frazer D.W. , Dowdeswell Evelyn K. , Montelli Aleksandr , Arndt Jan Erik , Gebhardt Catalina
Published: April 2020

Marine-geophysical evidence on sea-floor morphology and shallow acoustic stratigraphy are used to examine the substrate around the location at which Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance sank in 1915 and on the continental slope-shelf sedimentary system above this site in the western Weddell Sea. Few signs of turbidity-current and mass-wasting activity are found near or upslope of the wreck site, and any such activity was probably linked to full-glacial higher-energy conditions when ice last advanced across the continental shelf. The wreck is well below the maximum depth of iceberg keels and will not have been damaged by ice-keel ploughing. The wreck has probably been draped by only a few centimetres of fine-grained sediment since it sank in 1915. Severe modern sea-ice conditions hamper access to the wreck site. Accessing and investigating the wreck of Endurance in the Weddell Sea therefore represents a significant challenge. An ice-breaking research vessel is required, and even this would not guarantee that the site could be reached. Heavy sea-ice cover at the wreck site, similar to that encountered by Agulhus II during the Weddell Sea Expedition 2019, would also make the launch and recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles deployed to investigate the Endurance wreck problematic.
GIS tool to predict photosynthetically active radiation in a Dry Valley
Authors: Acosta Dimitri , Doran Peter T. , Myers Madeline
Published: April 2020

Understanding primary productivity is a core research area of the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Network. This study presents the development of the GIS-based Topographic Solar Photosynthetically Active Radiation (T-sPAR) toolbox for Taylor Valley. It maps surface photosynthetically active radiation using four meteorological stations with ~20 years of data. T-sPAR estimates were validated with ground-truth data collected at Taylor Valley's major lakes during the 2014–15 and 2015–16 field seasons. The average daily error ranges from 0.13 mol photons m-2 day-1 (0.6%) at Lake Fryxell to 3.8 mol photons m-2 day-1 (5.8%) at Lake Hoare. We attribute error to variability in terrain and sun position. Finally, a user interface was developed in order to estimate total daily surface photosynthetically active radiation for any location and date within the basin. T-sPAR improves upon existing toolboxes and models by allowing for the inclusion of a statistical treatment of light attenuation due to cloud cover. The T-sPAR toolbox could be used to inform biological sampling sites based on radiation distribution, which could collectively improve estimates of net primary productivity, in some cases by up to 25%.
Magnitudes and Spatial Patterns of Interdecadal Temperature Variability in CMIP6
Authors: Parsons Luke A. , Brennan M. Kathleen , Wills Robert C.J. , Proistosescu Cristian
Published: April 2020

Attribution and prediction of global and regional warming requires a better understanding of the magnitude and spatial characteristics of internal global mean surface air temperature (GMST) variability. We examine interdecadal GMST variability in Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Projects, Phases 3, 5, and 6 (CMIP3, CMIP5, and CMIP6) preindustrial control (piControl), last millennium, and historical simulations and in observational data. We find that several CMIP6 simulations show more GMST interdecadal variability than the previous generations of model simulations. Nonetheless, we find that 100‐year trends in CMIP6 piControl simulations never exceed the maximum observed warming trend. Furthermore, interdecadal GMST variability in the unforced piControl simulations is associated with regional variability in the high latitudes and the east Pacific, whereas interdecadal GMST variability in instrumental data and in historical simulations with external forcing is more globally coherent and is associated with variability in tropical deep convective regions.
Low Geo‐Effectiveness of Fast Halo CMEs Related to the 12 X‐Class Flares in 2002
Authors: Schmieder B. , Kim R.‐S. , Grison B. , Bocchialini K. , Kwon R.‐Y. , Poedts S. , Démoulin P.
Published: April 2020

It is generally accepted that extreme space weather events tend to be related to strong flares and fast halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In the present paper, we carefully identify the chain of events from the Sun to the Earth induced by all 12 X‐class flares that occurred in 2002. In this small sample, we find an unusual high rate (58%) of solar sources with a longitude larger than 74°. Yet all 12 X‐class flares are associated with at least one CME. The fast halo CMEs (50%) are related to interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) at L1 and weak Dst minimum values (more than −51 nT), while five (41%) of the 12 X‐class flares are related to solar proton events (SPEs).

We conclude that (i) all 12 analyzed solar events, even those associated with fast halo CMEs originating from the central disk region, and those ICMEs and SPEs were not very geo‐effective. This unexpected result demonstrates that the suggested events in the chain (fast halo CME, X‐class flares, central disk region, ICME, and SPE) are not infallible proxies for geo‐effectiveness. (ii) The low value of integrated and normalized southward component of the interplanetary magnetic field (
) may explain the low geo‐effectiveness for this small sample. In fact,
is well correlated to the weak Dst and low auroral electrojet activity. Hence, the only space weather impact at Earth in 2002 we can explain is based on
at L1.
The 3rd AGILE Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash Catalog. Part I: Association to Lightning Sferics
Authors: Lindanger A. , Marisaldi M. , Maiorana C. , Sarria D. , Albrechtsen K. , Østgaard N. , Galli M. , Ursi A. , Labanti C. , Tavani M. , Pittori C. , Verrecchia F.
Published: April 2020

We present a complete and systematic search for terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs), detected by AGILE, that are associated with radio sferics detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) in the period February 2009 to September 2018. The search algorithms and characteristics of these new TGFs will be presented and discussed. The number of WWLLN identified (WI) TGFs shows that previous TGF selection criteria needs to be reviewed as they do not identify all the WI TGFs in the data set. In this analysis we confirm with an independent data set that WI TGFs tend to have shorter time duration than TGFs without a WWLLN match. TGFs occurs more often on coastal and ocean regions compared to the distribution of lightning activity. Several multipulse TGFs were identified and their WWLLN match are always associated with the last gamma‐ray pulse. We also present the first Terrestrial Electron Beam detected by AGILE. This data set together with the TGF sample identified by selection criteria (companion paper Maiorana et al., 2020) constitute the 3rd AGILE TGF catalog.
Low‐Temperature Frictional Characteristics of Chlorite‐Epidote‐Amphibole Assemblages: Implications for Strength and Seismic Style of Retrograde Fault Zones
Authors: Fagereng Åke , Ikari Matt J.
Published: April 2020

In retrograde faults exhuming mafic rocks, shearing occurs in metamorphic and/or hydrothermally altered mineral assemblages whose frictional properties are not well known. Here, we present the results of laboratory shearing experiments on chlorite schist, epidotite, and hornblende‐dominated amphibolite and mixtures of these rocks and evaluate their frictional properties and microstructures. The experiments were conducted on powdered rock samples with starting grain size of <125 μm, at room temperature, under fluid‐saturated conditions and applied normal stress of 10 MPa. The results show that chlorite schist is relatively weak (friction coefficient of 0.36), whereas epidotite and amphibolite are strong (friction coefficients of 0.63 and 0.67, respectively). The friction of chlorite schist‐epidotite and chlorite schist‐amphibolite mixtures decreases nearly linearly with increasing chlorite content. Chlorite schist exhibits velocity‐strengthening behavior, epidotite is velocity‐weakening, and the amphibolite shows mostly velocity‐weakening friction. Mixtures show intermediate strength and velocity dependence of friction. Well‐developed striations formed on slip surfaces in samples with ≥50% chlorite schist. The epidotite slip surface exhibits a mixture of very fine particles and coarser crystals. Amphibolite slip surfaces have less very fine grains and are composed of subhedral to euheral needles. Few intragranular fractures are preserved, and we infer wear at contact asperities to be the likely cause of velocity‐weakening in our epidote gouges. Addition of chlorite to epidotite and amphibolite produces a striated slip surface and disrupts contacts between harder grains. Therefore, retrograde chlorite growth is expected to facilitate frictional weakening and stable slip in higher‐grade mineral assemblages exhumed to low‐temperature conditions.
Author Correction: Structural Features of a Bacteroidetes-Affiliated Cellulase Linked with a Polysaccharide Utilization Locus
Authors: Naas A. E. , MacKenzie A. K. , Dalhus B. , Eijsink V. G. H. , Pope P. B.
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sluggish reactivity by a nonheme iron(iv)-tosylimido complex as compared to its oxo analogue
Authors: Mukherjee Gourab , Reinhard Fabián G. Cantú , Bagha Umesh Kumar , Sastri Chivukula V. , de Visser Sam P.
Published: April 2020

A comparative spectroscopic and computational study of reactivity between ferryl-tosylimido and ferryl-oxo complexes of two biomimetic model systems. The Fe(iv)-tosylimido complex was found to be sluggish in comparison to its fellow oxo counterpart.
Illuminating solvent-free synthesis of zeolites
Authors: Wang Yeqing , Duan Hongchang , Tan Zhengguo , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: April 2020

Solvent-free synthesis of zeolites is industrially efficient and sustainable with unique advantages such as morphological control, construction of hierarchical porosity, and organotemplate-free synthesis of siliceous zeolites.
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal post-synthetic modifications of three-dimensional LOFs (Ln = Gd, Eu): a way to modulate their luminescence and thermometric properties
Authors: De Bellis Jacopo , Bellucci Luca , Bottaro Gregorio , Labella Luca , Marchetti Fabio , Samaritani Simona , Belli Dell'Amico Daniela , Armelao Lidia
Published: April 2020

Single-crystal-to-single-crystal post-synthetic modifications of {[Ln2(H2L)3(DMF)4]·2DMF}n LOFs (Ln = Gd, Eu) to modulate their luminescence and thermometric properties.
Building blocks for the chemistry of perfluorinated alkoxyaluminates [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−: simplified preparation and characterization of Li+–Cs+, Ag+, NH4+, N2H5+ and N2H7+ salts
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław J. , Jaroń Tomasz , Domańska Małgorzata , Slattery John M. , Schmitt Manuel , Krossing Ingo
Published: April 2020

Convenient synthetic protocols for a number of salts of [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− together with their thorough physicochemical characterization are presented.
A ferrocene functionalized Schiff base containing Cu(ii) complex: synthesis, characterization and parts-per-million level catalysis for azide alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Gayen Firdaus Rahaman , Ali Abdul Aziz , Bora Debashree , Roy Saptarshi , Saha Supriya , Saikia Lakshi , Goswamee Rajib Lochan , Saha Biswajit
Published: April 2020

Highly efficient ferrocene functionalized Schiff base containing copper(ii) complex enables diverse 1,2,3-triazoles under green condition with parts-per-million catalyst level.
Pseudo-enantiomeric carbohydrate-based N-heterocyclic carbenes as promising chiral ligands for enantiotopic discrimination
Authors: Henderson Alexander S. , Bower John F. , Galan M. Carmen
Published: April 2020

The practical synthesis of pseudo-enantiomeric carbohydrate-based NHC–Rh complexes bearing C1 or C3 sterically differentiated positions is reported. We show that steric bulk at either C1 or C3 leads to enantiotopic discrimination in the hydrosilylation of acetophenone.
Enhanced reactivity of the pyrimidine peroxyl radical towards the C–H bond in duplex DNA – a theoretical study
Authors: Wang Shu-dong , Zhang Ru-bo , Cadet Jean
Published: April 2020

The peroxyl radical exhibits a much stronger reactivity towards C1′–H1′ in duplex DNA with respect to single-stranded DNA.
Investigation of evidence for the internal structure of a modified science motivation questionnaire II (mSMQ II): a failed attempt to improve instrument functioning across course, subject, and wording variants
Authors: Komperda Regis , Hosbein Kathryn N. , Phillips Michael M. , Barbera Jack
Published: April 2020

The Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ II) was developed to measure aspects of student motivation in college-level science courses. Items on the SMQ II are structured such that the word ‘science’ can be replaced with any discipline title (e.g., chemistry) to produce a discipline-specific measure of student motivation. Since its original development as the Science Motivation Questionnaire and subsequent refinement, the SMQ II and its discipline-specific variants have been used in a number of science education studies. However, many studies have failed to produce acceptable validity evidence for their data based on the proposed internal structure of the instrument. This study investigated if modifications could be made to the SMQ II such that it produces consistent structural evidence across its use in various forms. A modified SMQ II (mSMQ II) was tested with wording variants (‘science’ and ‘biology’ or ‘chemistry’) in general biology and in preparatory and general chemistry courses at several institutions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to cull problematic items and evaluate the structure of the data based on the relations posited by the SMQ II developers. While extensive revisions resulted in acceptable data model fit for the five-factor structural models in most course and wording conditions, significant issues arose for the single-factor scales. Therefore, potential users are cautioned about the utility of the SMQ II or its variants to support the evaluation of classroom practices. A reflective review of the theoretical underpinnings of the SMQ II scales call into question the original framing of the scales and suggests potential alternatives for consideration.
Dual‐energy approach to reduce cone‐beam artefacts in a circular orbit cone‐beam CT system
Authors: Han C. , Baek J.
Published: April 2020

The authors propose a dual‐energy approach to reduce cone‐beam artefacts in a circular orbit cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) system. When there exist multiple dense structures within a large cone angle, two‐pass algorithm is ineffective for reducing cone‐beam artefacts because high‐density materials are incorrectly segmented with simple thresholding. The proposed algorithm utilises projection data obtained with dual‐energy X‐ray spectra to estimate projections of the high‐density materials from multi‐density anatomical structures. Using bone and water as two of basis functions, the projection data of bone materials can be precisely estimated via dual‐energy scans. Then, bone‐only images are reconstructed by a constrained total‐variation minimisation‐based iterative algorithm. The reconstructed bone images are used to generate cone‐beam artefacts and the final corrected images are acquired by subtracting the generated cone‐beam artefacts from the original Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress images. The proposed method was validated using an extended cardiac‐torso phantom with complex vertebral anatomy and compared with the two‐pass algorithm. The results show that the proposed method restores distorted bony structures and intensity values, especially in regions with large cone angles. A qualitative evaluation of the mean‐squared errors and structural similarities demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the two‐pass algorithm.
Task allocation based on node pair intimacy in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yang Guisong , Zhang Zhao , Wang Jiangtao , He Xingyu
Published: April 2020

Resourced‐constrained task allocation is a fundamental research problem in wireless sensor networks. While existing approaches mainly allocate the task to a single sensor node, this study proposes a novel algorithm, in which tasks are allocated to a pair of collaboratively working sensor nodes based on their intimacy. Specifically, the intimacy level of two nodes is modelled based on their link quality and preference degree. This basic idea is that each node pair should be allocated with a task whose task level (e.g. measured by the computing intensity) could match with the intimacy level of this node pair, so that each task can be executed collaboratively and efficiently. Considering that a node connecting with multiple nodes, it may be allocated with redundant tasks (tasks with the same task level), and these tasks need to be adjusted to avoid redundant task execution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only can improve the task allocation efficiency but also can balance the network energy consumption.
The unusual behavior of the young X-ray pulsar SXP 1062 during the 2019 outburst
Authors: Tsygankov Sergey S. , Doroshenko Victor , Mushtukov Alexander A. , Haberl Frank , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Maitra Chandreyee , Santangelo Andrea , Lutovinov Alexander A. , Poutanen Juri
Published: April 2020

We present the results of the first dedicated observation of the young X-ray pulsar SXP 1062 in the broad X-ray energy band obtained during its 2019 outburst with the NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observatories. The analysis of the pulse-phase averaged and phase-resolved spectra in the energy band from 0.5 to 70 keV did not reveal any evidence for the presence of a cyclotron line. The spin period of the pulsar was found to have decreased to 979.48 ± 0.06 s implying a ∼10% reduction compared to the last measured period during the monitoring campaign conducted about five years ago, and is puzzling considering that the system apparently has not shown major outbursts ever since. The switch of the pulsar to the spin-up regime supports the common assumption that torques acting on the accreting neutron star are nearly balanced and thus SXP 1062 likely also spins with a period close to the equilibrium value for this system. The current monitoring of the source also revealed a sharp drop in its soft X-ray flux right after the outburst, which is in drastic contrast to the behavior during the previous outburst when the pulsar remained observable for years with only a minor flux decrease after the end of the outburst. This unexpected off state of the source lasted for at most 20 days after which SXP 1062 returned to the level observed during previous campaigns. We discuss this and other findings in context of the modern models of accretion onto strongly magnetized neutron stars.
A Dual Method For Evaluation of Dynamic Risk in Diffusion Processes
Authors: Ruszczyński Andrzej , Yao Jianing
Published: April 2020

We propose a numerical method for risk evaluation defined by a backward stochastic differential equation. Using dual representation of the risk measure, we convert the risk evaluation to a simple stochastic control problem where the control is a certain Radon-Nikodym derivative process. By exploring the maximum principle, we show that a piecewise-constant dual control provides a good approximation on a short interval. A dynamic programming algorithm extends the approximation to a finite time horizon. Finally, we illustrate the application of the procedure to financial risk management in conjunction with nested simulation and on a multidimensional portfolio valuation problem.
Veröffentlichung
Authors: Kehl Oliver
Published: April 2020

Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie e. V. (DGfN), die Gesellschaft für pädiatrische Nephrologie e. V. (GPN), der Verband Deutsche Nierenzentren e. V. (DN) und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für angewandte Hygiene in der Dialyse e. V. (DGAHD) haben sich 2019 mit der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut (KRINKO) beraten und im November 2019 eine Leitlinie zu Infektionsprävention und Hygiene als Ergänzung zum Dialysestandard veröffentlicht. Diese Leitlinie ist damit jedoch keine „Empfehlung der KRINKO“ und löst auch nicht die Vermutungswirkung gemäß § 23 IfSG aus. Diese Leitlinie soll die patientennah tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzte und das Hygienefachpersonal in der Dialyse bei der eigenverantwortlichen Festlegung infektionspräventiver Maßnahmen unterstützen. In diesem Artikel werden nur die Punkte zur Händehygiene und zum Umgang mit Schutzhandschuhen vorgestellt.
Concerning the Article by Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha et al. entitled:
Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kunicki Michał , Rudnicka Ewa , Smolarczyk Roman
Published: April 2020

Dear Editor,

We carefully read with a great interest the study of Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha et al.
entitled: Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level in Women with Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 1. We thank the authors for their hard work and also citing our latest
work in this field-covering the largest study population ( Rudnicka et al. 2016)
2. However, we think that the title of
that meta-analysis is not appropriate and the conclusions are not adequate.
Psychiatrische Wohnheime in Deutschland – Transparenz und Strukturen
Authors: Jenderny Sarah , Schreiter Julia , Steinhart Ingmar
Published: April 2020

Ziel der Studie Beschreibung der bundesweiten Unterstützungslandschaft für Menschen mit seelischen Behinderungen, die in stationären Einrichtungen der Eingliederungshilfe unterstützt werden.

Methodik Bundesweite quantitative Erhebung von Struktur- und Prozessdaten stationärer Wohneinrichtungen mittels Onlinefragebogen, durchgeführt im Rahmen der „ZIPHER“-Studie (Zwangsmaßnahmen im Psychiatrischen Hilfesystem – Erfassung und Reduktion).

Ergebnisse Es wurde ein Rücklauf von 20 % erzielt, insgesamt konnten 11 881 offene und 1268 geschlossene Plätze erfasst werden. In den psychiatrischen Wohnheimen leben vorwiegend männliche, über 50-jährige, an Schizophrenie erkrankte Menschen. Die Mitarbeiterstruktur und Ausstattung mit einer Nachtwache differiert zwischen den offenen und geschlossenen Wohnkontexten.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf eine mangelnde Datenlage im Bereich der stationären Wohneinrichtungen und die Notwendigkeit einer regionalen Sozialberichterstattung.