bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authorship of Publications Supported by NCI-Funded Grants Involving Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Eldridge Linsey , Garton Elise M. , Duncan Kalina , Gopal Satish
Published: March 2024

Importance

Scientific publication is an important tool for knowledge dissemination and career advancement, but authors affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are historically underrepresented on publications.

Objective

To assess the country income level distribution of author affiliations for publications resulting from National Cancer Institute (NCI)–supported extramural grants between 2015 and 2019, with international collaborating institutions exclusively in 1 or more LMICs.

Design and Setting

This cross-sectional study assessed authorship on publications resulting from NCI-funded grants between October 1, 2015, and September 30, 2019. Grants with collaborators in LMICs were identified in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Query/View/Report and linked to publications using Dimensions for NIH, published between 2011 and 2020. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2021 to July 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Author institutional affiliation was used to classify author country and related income level as defined by the World Bank. Relative citation ratio and Altmetric data from Dimensions for NIH were used to compare citation impact measures using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results

In this cross-sectional study, 159 grants were awarded to US institutions with collaborators in LMICs, and 5 grants were awarded directly to foreign institutions. These 164 grants resulted in 2428 publications, of which 1242 (51%) did not include any authors affiliated with an institution in an LMIC. In addition, 1884 (78%) and 2009 (83%) publications had a first or last author, respectively, affiliated with a high-income country (HIC). Publications with HIC-affiliated last authors also demonstrated greater citation impact compared with publications with LMIC-affiliated last authors as measured by relative citation ratios and Altmetric Attention Scores; publications with HIC-affiliated first authors also had higher Altmetric Attention Scores.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study suggests that LMIC-affiliated authors were underrepresented on publications resulting from NCI-funded grants involving LMICs. It is critical to promote equitable scientific participation by LMIC institutions in cancer research, including through current and planned programs led by the NCI.
Iron, 8. CO
2
‐Mitigation Technologies in Iron and Steelmaking
Authors: Lüngen Hans Bodo , Schmöle Peter
Published: March 2024

The article contains sections titled:

1
Introduction

2
Crude‐Steel Production in Europe

3

CO
2
Emissions of the Steelmaking Production Routes in Europe

3.1
BF‐BOF Route

3.2
EAF Route

3.3
Direct Reduction Route

4

CO
2
Emissions of the EU28 Steel Industry in 2015 Compared with 1990

5

Options to Reach the CO
2
‐Mitigation Targets by 2050

5.1
Smart Carbon Usage

5.2
Carbon Direct Avoidance

6

Current European Projects for CO
2
Mitigation in Iron and Steelmaking

7
Conclusion

References
Approaching Technological Limit for Wet‐Pulling Technique
Authors: Chetyrkina Margarita R. , Butt Hassaan A. , Bulavskiy Mikhail O. , Zhilyaeva Maria A. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Fedorov Fedor S. , Mikladal Bjørn , Shandakov Sergey D. , Nasibulin Albert G.
Published: March 2024

Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are a promising economical replacement material for contemporary metallic wired conductors due to their lightweight and advanced electromechanical properties. The wet‐pulling technique for CNTF manufacturing is highly versatile, adaptable for both laboratory as well as industrial‐scale production, and can be optimized for the maximum enhancement of electrophysical properties. Herein, a mechanosolvent‐based postfabrication approach for maximizing densification and improving electrical properties of wet‐pulled CNTFs is examined. The experimental process results in fibers achieving 60% of the theoretically maximum density and conductivity of maximally densified metallic single‐walled carbon nanotube bundles. The technique allows a corresponding increase of ≈700% in fiber density (from 100 to 704 kg m−3), a simultaneous ≈530% increase in electrical conductivity (from 748 to 3990 S cm−1), and reduced volume defects from 18% to 2%. The approach was combined with a step‐wise microstructure monitoring using focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy to determine the mechanisms behind the optimized structures. This work is the first to provide an experimental and theoretical base for the postfabrication optimization of wet‐pulled CNTFs and lays the foundation for further enhancement with techniques such as chemical doping, fiber compounding, and combined infiltration/densification mechanisms.
Mechanical Behaviors of Hybrid Composites with Orthogonal Spiral Wire Mesh and Polyurethane Elastomer
Authors: Xue Xin , Lin Congcong , Ye Zixiong , Lai Fuqiang
Published: March 2024

This work aims to significantly improve the mechanical properties of conventional rigid lattice structures under repeatable large deformations. A novel hybrid material is proposed based on the concept of interpenetrating composite materials. The material utilizes a woven TC4 orthogonal spiral wire mesh as the skeleton and PU elastomer (OSWM‐PU) as the matrix. The uniaxial tensile tests demonstrate that OSWM‐PU possesses the excellent load‐bearing capacity, allowing for large deformations (≥60%) while maintaining partial integrity even after matrix fracture. Optical measurements and simulation analysis reveal that Poisson's ratio can be adjusted within a certain range by manipulating the microscopic parameters (p, d) of the longitudinal helical filaments. Cyclic tensile experiments further demonstrate that OSWM‐PU exhibits exceptional energy absorption performance, multiple energy dissipation modes, and a more pronounced Mullins effect. The stress relaxation experiment reveals the significant influence of the volume fraction of the skeleton on long‐term loading conditions. The orthogonal spiral wire skeleton exhibits a superior hooking effect without dividing the matrix, enabling OSWM‐PU to possess enhanced collaborative deformation capability and inherent designability in the orthogonal direction. These characteristics make it highly promising for applications in various robot joints and as flexible aircraft skin, offering excellent prospects for utilization.
Modification of Phase Change Materials for Electric‐Thermal, Photo‐Thermal, and Magnetic‐Thermal Conversions: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Liu Meng , Qian Runda , Yang Yi , Lu Xitao , Huang Li , Zou Deqiu
Published: March 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely regarded as one of the most promising thermal energy storage technologies, owing to their outstanding latent heat storage density and controllable thermal storage/release characteristics. However, pure PCM usually has certain limitations in terms of electric‐, photo‐, and magnetic‐thermal conversion. In recent years, research on enhancing these properties through the addition of various fillers has garnered widespread attention. Herein, this paper elaborates on the modification of PCM for electric‐thermal, photo‐thermal, and magnetic‐thermal conversion, including their respective modification strategies, properties, and applications. Therein, a comparative analysis is conducted on the electric‐, photo‐, and magnetic‐thermal conversion efficiency of PCM with different fillers. Further, a summary and analysis are conducted on the addition of some fillers to PCM, which simultaneously improves the conversion performance of the two or three mentioned above, enabling multiple energy conversion. Finally, existing problems, solutions, and future development directions are put forward.
Building Scalable Buried Interface for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Yang Min , Qin Zhenzhen , Chen Mengjiong , Lin Xuesong , Luan Xiangfeng , Yang Zhibin , Han Liyuan , Wang Yanbo
Published: March 2024

The quality of the buried interface plays a key role in achieving high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, it is challenging to guarantee its quality on a larger area, which is pivotal for the commercialization of PSCs. Here, a facile strategy is developed to modify the SnO2/perovskite buried interface by incorporating L‐Aspartic acid monosodium salt (ASP‐Na) into SnO2 colloidal dispersion. ASP‐Na with multidentate ligands can coordinate with Sn to form stable dispersion, inhibiting the agglomeration of nanoparticles at the buried interface. In addition, the coordination between ASP‐Na and SnO2 nanoparticles in turn promotes the uniform distribution of ASP‐Na, which facilitates the uniform and effective passivation of the buried defects. Consequently, the ASP‐Na treatment improves the device efficiency from 23.44% to 25.47% (certified 25.02%) with an aperture area of 0.0797 cm2 without hysteresis and enhances the operation stability. The perovskite mini‐module achieves an efficiency of 20.11% with an aperture area of 18.30 cm2, demonstrating the potential of the strategy for scalability.
Single‐Source Evaporated High‐Quality Single‐Phase Cs3Cu2I5 Scintillator Films for High Performance X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Peng Guoqiang , Qiu Fu , Li ZhenHua , Wang Haoxu , Li Qijun , Jin Zhiwen
Published: March 2024

Vacuum‐evaporated metal halides (MHs) scintillator thick films have received much attention in the X‐ray imaging field due to their excellent light yield and uniform large‐area preparation. However, the inevitable heteromorphic homologs in MHs (e.g., Copper‐based MHs (Cu‐MHs): CsCu2X3∖Cs3Cu2X5) and change of film structural backbone will result in spectral hybridization (phase purity), and the film eventually detaches (lattice mismatches). Herein, a single‐source vacuum evaporation method to prepare a thick film (≈10 µm) of Cu‐MHs (as an example) scintillators is realized: 1) Presynthesis of pure phase materials by solution method with a protective agent to ensure phase purity without precise control of component ratios in evaporation process; 2) One‐shot formation of film structural backbone avoids stress accumulation and utilize the longitudinal growth characteristics of crystalline films to obtain crystal orientations with better optical outputs. Finally, the films obtained have a light yield comparable to a partially single‐crystal (53 983 photons MeV−1) and an imaging resolution (14.1 lp mm−1) comparable to the partial template method. The detection system based on the prepared Cu‐MHs scintillator thick films exhibits good response speed and linearity in response to different X‐ray radiation intensities and exposure times. The method will further drive the application of MHs is believed.
Realization of Fine‐Tuning the Lattice Thermal Conductivity and Anharmonicity in Layered Semiconductors via Entropy Engineering
Authors: Chen Hongxiang , Fu Jiantao , Huang Shuxian , Qiu Yiding , Zhao Enhui , Li Shiyu , Huang Jianeng , Dai Pinqiang , Fan Hengzhong , Xiao Bing
Published: March 2024

Entropy engineering is widely proven to be effective in achieving ultra‐low thermal conductivity for well‐performed thermoelectric and heat management applications. However, no strong correlation between entropy and lattice thermal conductivity is found until now, and the fine‐tuning of thermal conductivity continuously via entropy‐engineering in a wide entropy range is still lacking. Here, a series of high‐entropy layered semiconductors, Ni1−x(Fe0.25Co0.25Mn0.25Zn0.25)xPS3, where 0 ≤ x < 1, with low mass/size disorder is designed. High‐purity samples with mixing configuration entropy of metal atomic site in a wide range of 0–1.61R are achieved. Umklapp phonon‐phonon scattering is found to be the dominating phonon scattering mechanism, as revealed by the linear T−1 dependence of thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, fine tuning of the lattice thermal conductivity via continuous entropy engineering at metal atomic sites is achieved, in an almost linear dependence in middle‐/high‐ entropy range. Moreover, the slope of the κ ‐ T−1 curve reduces with the increase in entropy, and a linear response of the reduced Grüneisen parameter is revealed. This work provides an entropy engineering strategy by choosing multiple metal elements with low mass/size disorder to achieve the fine tuning of the lattice thermal conductivity and the anharmonic effect.
Flexible Conformally Bioadhesive MXene Hydrogel Electronics for Machine Learning‐Facilitated Human‐Interactive Sensing
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Hailiang , Xu Zhishan , Li Zehui , Zhang Liqun , Wan Pengbo
Published: March 2024

Wearable epidermic electronics assembled from conductive hydrogels are attracting various research attention for their seamless integration with human body for conformally real‐time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics and medical treatment, and human‐interactive sensing. Nevertheless, it remains a tremendous challenge to simultaneously achieve conformally bioadhesive epidermic electronics with remarkable self‐adhesiveness, reliable ultraviolet (UV) protection ability, and admirable sensing performance for high‐fidelity epidermal electrophysiological signals monitoring, along with timely photothermal therapeutic performances after medical diagnostic sensing, as well as efficient antibacterial activity and reliable hemostatic effect for potential medical therapy. Herein, a conformally bioadhesive hydrogel‐based epidermic sensor, featuring superior self‐adhesiveness and excellent UV‐protection performance, is developed by dexterously assembling conducting MXene nanosheets network with biological hydrogel polymer network for conformally stably attaching onto human skin for high‐quality recording of various epidermal electrophysiological signals with high signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) and low interfacial impedance for intelligent medical diagnosis and smart human‐machine interface. Moreover, a smart sign language gesture recognition platform based on collected electromyogram (EMG) signals is designed for hassle‐free communication with hearing‐impaired people with the help of advanced machine learning algorithms. Meanwhile, the bioadhesive MXene hydrogel possesses reliable antibacterial capability, excellent biocompatibility, and effective hemostasis properties for promising bacterial‐infected wound bleeding.
Super‐Stretchable and High‐Energy Micro‐Pseudocapacitors Based on MXene Embedded Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Cao Zhiqian , Zhu Yin‐Bo , Chen Kai , Wang Quan , Li Yujin , Xing Xianjun , Ru Jie , Meng Ling‐Guo , Shu Jie , Shpigel Netanel , Chen Li‐Feng
Published: March 2024

The advancement of aqueous micro‐supercapacitors offers an enticing prospect for a broad spectrum of applications, spanning from wearable electronics to micro‐robotics and sensors. Unfortunately, conventional micro‐supercapacitors are characterized by low capacity and slopy voltage profiles, limiting their energy density capabilities. To enhance the performance of these devices, the use of 2D MXene‐based compounds has recently been proposed. Apart from their capacitive contributions, these structures can be loaded with redox‐active nanowires which increase their energy density and stabilize their operation voltage. However, introducing rigid nanowires into MXene films typically leads to a significant decline in their mechanical properties, particularly in terms of flexibility. To overcome this issue, super stretchable micro‐pseudocapacitor electrodes composed of MXene nanosheets and in situ reconstructed Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐NP‐MXene) are herein demonstrated, delivering high energy density, stable operation voltage of ≈1 V, and fast charging capabilities. Careful experimental analysis and theoretical simulations of the charging mechanism of the Ag‐NP‐MXene electrodes reveal a dual nature charge storage mechanism involving ad(de)sorption of ions and conversion reaction of Ag nanoparticles. The superior mechanical properties of synthesized films obtained through in situ construction of Ag‐NP‐MXene structure show an ultra stretchability, allowing the devices to provide stable voltage and energy output even at 100% elongation.
Single‐Nucleus Multiomic Analyses Identifies Gene Regulatory Dynamics of Phenotypic Modulation in Human Aneurysmal Aortic Root
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Zeng Qingyi , Yang Hang , Li Wenke , Chen Qianlong , Yin Kunlun , Pan Zihang , Wang Kai , Luo Mingyao , Shu Chang , Zhou Zhou
Published: March 2024

Aortic root aneurysm is a potentially life‐threatening condition that may lead to aortic rupture and is often associated with genetic syndromes, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS). Although studies with MFS animal models have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of aortic root aneurysms, this understanding of the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape in human aortic root tissue remains incomplete. This knowledge gap has impeded the development of effective targeted therapies. Here, this study performs the first integrative analysis of single‐nucleus multiomic (gene expression and chromatin accessibility) and spatial transcriptomic sequencing data of human aortic root tissue under healthy and MFS conditions. Cell‐type‐specific transcriptomic and cis‐regulatory profiles in the human aortic root are identified. Regulatory and spatial dynamics during phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the cardinal cell type, are delineated. Moreover, candidate key regulators driving the phenotypic modulation of VSMC, such as FOXN3, TEAD1, BACH2, and BACH1, are identified. In vitro experiments demonstrate that FOXN3 functions as a novel key regulator for maintaining the contractile phenotype of human aortic VSMCs through targeting ACTA2. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory and spatial dynamics during phenotypic modulation in the aneurysmal aortic root of humans.
Regulation of CTLs/Tregs via Highly Stable and Ultrasound‐Responsive Cerasomal Nano‐Modulators for Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Sun Lihong , Jiang Ling , Xie Xinxin , Wang Yuan , Wu Ruiqi , Tang Qingshuang , Sun Suhui , Zhu Shiwei , Liang Xiaolong , Cui Ligang
Published: March 2024

Immunotherapy is showing good potential for colorectal cancer therapy, however, low responsive rates and severe immune‐related drug side effects still hamper its therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, a highly stable cerasomal nano‐modulator (DMC@P‐Cs) with ultrasound (US)‐controlled drug delivery capability for selective sonodynamic‐immunotherapy is fabricated. DMC@P‐Cs’ lipid bilayer is self‐assembled from cerasome‐forming lipid (CFL), pyrophaeophorbid conjugated lipid (PL), and phospholipids containing unsaturated chemical bonds (DOPC), resulting in US‐responsive lipid shell. Demethylcantharidin (DMC) as an immunotherapy adjuvant is loaded in the hydrophilic core of DMC@P‐Cs. With US irradiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be effectively generated from DMC@P‐Cs, which can not only kill tumor cells for inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), but also oxidize unsaturated phospholipids‐DOPC to change the permeability of the lipid bilayers and facilitate controlled release of DMC, thus resulting in down‐regulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and amplification of anti‐tumor immune responses. After intravenous injection, DMC@P‐Cs can efficiently accumulate at the tumor site, and local US treatment resulted in 94.73% tumor inhibition rate. In addition, there is no detectable systemic toxicity. Therefore, this study provides a highly stable and US‐controllable smart delivery system to achieve synergistical sonodynamic‐immunotherapy for enhanced colorectal cancer therapy.
Histories of neighborhood socioeconomic status contribute to race differences in later‐life cognition
Authors: Sol Ketlyne , Morris Emily P. , Lee Ji Hyun , Zaheed Afsara B. , Palms Jordan D. , Scambray Kiana , Clarke Philippa , Zahodne Laura B.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

Neighborhood characteristics are increasingly implicated in cognitive health disparities, but no research has investigated how the historical context of neighborhoods shapes these disparities.

METHODS

Four hundred sixty‐four Black (55%) and White older adults (Mage = 63.6) were drawn from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, a community‐based, prospective study of older adults. Participants’ addresses at baseline (2017–2020) were geocoded and linked to 2000–2017 measures of neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES): disadvantage [NDis] and affluence [NAff]. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) characterized 18 interpolated year trajectories of NSES across 1344 census tracts. Path analysis examined whether NSES trajectory classes mediated the association between race and a global cognition composite.

RESULTS

LCGA identified three NDis and two NAff trajectory classes, which were associated with participant race. Only one NDis class was associated with cognition, and it mediated the association between the Black race and cognition.

DISCUSSION

Disinvestment in neighborhoods may be particularly salient in race disparities in cognitive function.

Highlights

Race is implicated in the likelihood of living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Historical trends in neighborhood disadvantage are associated with cognitive function in older adulthood.

Identifying patterns of neighborhood change may inform neighborhood‐level interventions.
Association between lung contusion volume and acute changes in fibrinogen levels: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Nobe Ryosuke , Nakao Shunichiro , Nakagawa Yuko , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi , Oda Jun
Published: March 2024

Aim

Organ tissue damage, including the lungs, may lead to acute coagulopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between lung contusion volume and serum fibrinogen level during the acute phase of trauma.

Methods

We conducted an observational study using electronic medical records at a tertiary‐care center between January 2015 and December 2018. We included patients with lung contusions on hospital arrival. We used three‐dimensional computed tomography to calculate lung contusion volumes. The primary outcome was the lowest fibrinogen level measured within 24 h of hospital arrival. We evaluated the association between lung contusion volume and outcome with multivariable linear regression analysis. Also, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of lung contusion volume in patients with a serum fibrinogen level of ≤150 mg/dL.

Results

We identified 124 eligible patients. Their median age was 43.5 years, and 101 were male (81.5%). The median lung contusion volume was 10.9%. The median lowest fibrinogen level within 24 h from arrival was 188.0 mg/dL. After adjustment, lung contusion volume had a statistically significant association with the lowest fibrinogen level within 24 h from arrival (coefficient −1.6, 95% confidence interval −3.16 to −0.07). When a lung contusion volume of 20% was used as the cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity to identify fibrinogen depletion were 0.27 and 0.95, respectively.

Conclusion

Lung contusion volume was associated with the lowest fibrinogen level measured within 24 h from hospital arrival. Measuring lung contusion volume may help to identify patients with a progression of fibrinogen depletion.
HLA Associations of Intrathecal IgG Production against Specific Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Neidhart Stephan , Vlad Benjamin , Hilty Marc , Högelin Klara Asplund , Ziegler Mario , Berenjeno‐Correa Ernesto , Reichen Ina , Stridh Pernilla , Jelcic Ivan , Khademi Mohsen , Kockum Ingrid , Sospedra Mireia , Al Nimer Faiez , Martin Roland , Jelcic Ilijas
Published: March 2024

Objective

Specific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are not only associated with higher risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases, but also with the severity of various viral and bacterial infections. Here, we analyzed the most specific biomarker for MS, that is, the polyspecific intrathecal IgG antibody production against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus (MRZ reaction), for possible HLA associations in MS.

Methods

We assessed MRZ reaction from 184 Swiss patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 89 Swiss non‐MS/non‐CIS control patients, and performed HLA sequence‐based typing, to check for associations of positive MRZ reaction with the most prevalent HLA alleles. We used a cohort of 176 Swedish MS/CIS patients to replicate significant findings.

Results

Whereas positive MRZ reaction showed a prevalence of 38.0% in MS/CIS patients, it was highly specific (97.7%) for MS/CIS. We identified HLA‐DRB1*15:01 and other tightly linked alleles of the HLA‐DR15 haplotype as the strongest HLA‐encoded risk factors for a positive MRZ reaction in Swiss MS/CIS (odds ratio [OR], 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–7.46, padjusted = 0.0004) and replicated these findings in Swedish MS/CIS patients (OR 2.18, 95%‐CI 1.16–4.02, padjusted = 0.028). In addition, female MS/CIS patients had a significantly higher probability for a positive MRZ reaction than male patients in both cohorts combined (padjusted <0.005).

Interpretation

HLA‐DRB1*15:01, the strongest genetic risk factor for MS, and female sex, 1 of the most prominent demographic risk factors for developing MS, predispose in MS/CIS patients for a positive MRZ reaction, the most specific CSF biomarker for MS. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1112–1126
Cyclooctatetraene‐Embedded Carbon Nanorings
Authors: Lei Sheng‐Nan , Zhu Ling , Xue Ning , Xiao Xuedong , Shi Le , Wang Duan‐Chao , Liu Zhe , Guan Xin‐Ru , Xie Yuan , Liu Ke , Hu Lian‐Rui , Wang Zhaohui , Stoddart J. Fraser , Guo Qing‐Hui
Published: March 2024

With the prosperity of the development of carbon nanorings, certain topologically or functionally unique units‐embedded carbon nanorings have sprung up in the past decade. Herein, we report the facile and efficient synthesis of three cyclooctatetraene‐embedded carbon nanorings (COTCNRs) that contain three (COTCNR1 and COTCNR2) and four (COTCNR3) COT units in a one‐pot Yamamoto coupling. These nanorings feature hoop‐shaped segments of Gyroid (G‐), Diamond (D‐), and Primitive (P‐) type carbon schwarzites. The conformations of the trimeric nanorings COTCNR1 and COTCNR2 are shape‐persistent, whereas the tetrameric COTCNR3 possesses a flexible carbon skeleton which undergoes conformational changes upon forming host–guest complexes with fullerenes (C60 and C70), whose co‐crystals may potentially serve as fullerene‐based semiconducting supramolecular wires with electrical conductivities on the order of 10−7 S cm−1 (for C60⊂COTCNR3) and 10−8 S cm−1 (for C70⊂COTCNR3) under ambient conditions. This research not only describes highly efficient one‐step syntheses of three cyclooctatetraene‐embedded carbon nanorings which feature hoop‐shaped segments of distinctive topological carbon schwarzites, but also demonstrates the potential application in electronics of the one‐dimensional fullerene arrays secured by COTCNR3.
Trifluoromethylation of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A Mild Functionalization and Tunable p‐Type Doping Method
Authors: Kerwin Brendan , Liu Stephanie E. , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Dasgupta Anushka , Jones Leighton O. , López‐Arteaga Rafael , Zeng Thomas T. , Facchetti Antonio , Schatz George C. , Hersam Mark C. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: March 2024

Chemical modification is a powerful strategy for tuning the electronic properties of 2D semiconductors. Here we report the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of 2D WSe2 and MoS2 under mild conditions using the reagent trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TTT). Chemical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the trifluoromethyl groups bind covalently to surface chalcogen atoms as well as oxygen substitution sites. Trifluoromethylation induces p‐type doping in the underlying 2D material, enabling the modulation of charge transport and optical emission properties in WSe2. This work introduces a versatile and efficient method for tailoring the optical and electronic properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
Final Stages in the Biosynthesis of the [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Active Site
Authors: Yu Xin , Rao Guodong , Britt R. David , Rauchfuss Thomas B.
Published: March 2024

The paper aims to elucidate the final stages in the biosynthesis of the [2Fe]H active site of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenases. The recently hypothesized intermediate [Fe2(SCH2NH2)2(CN)2(CO)4]2− ([1]2−) was prepared by a multistep route from [Fe2(S2)(CN)(CO)5]−. The following synthetic intermediates were characterized in order: [Fe2(SCH2NHFmoc)2(CNBEt3)(CO)5]−, [Fe2(SCH2NHFmoc)2(CN)−(CO)5]−, and [Fe2(SCH2NHFmoc)2(CN)2(CO)4]2−, where Fmoc is fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl). Derivatives of these anions include [K(18‐crown‐6)]+, PPh4+ and PPN+ salts as well as the 13CD2‐isotopologues. These Fe2 species exist as a mixture of two isomers attributed to diequatorial (ee) and axial‐equatorial (ae) stereochemistry at sulfur. In vitro experiments demonstrate that [1]2− maturates HydA1 in the presence of HydF and a cocktail of reagents. HydA1 can also be maturated using a highly simplified cocktail, omitting HydF and other proteins. This result is consistent with HydA1 participating in the maturation process and refines the roles of HydF.
Design and therapeutic application of trans‐sodium crocetinate‐loaded cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks as an enteric preparation for treating chronic heart failure
Authors: Ma Renqiang , Chen Xiaoqing , Hu Tao , Huang Fang , Li Xiaohong , Huang Xianyi , He Bao , Feng Liwen , Kou Junping , Yu Boyang
Published: March 2024

Chronic heart failure (CHF) arises from structural and functional changes in the myocardial tissue attributable to various etiologies. Crocetin and its derivative trans‐sodium crocetinate (TSC) have exhibited cardioprotective attributes; however, their poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability impede clinical development. This study aimed to construct a cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks (CDMOFs)‐based oral delivery system to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of TSC for CHF treatment. TSC was loaded into the synthesized γ‐CDMOFs via vacuum adsorption. The CDMOFs@TSC formulation was characterized and evaluated in vitro. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed in beagle dogs and CHF rats induced by coronary artery ligation, respectively. Both TSC and CDMOFs@TSC elicited no discernible toxicity or pathological changes in major organs of rats, providing preliminary evidence for their biosafety. Pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs demonstrated that CDMOFs@TSC capsules markedly increase the relative oral bioavailability by 198% versus free TSC capsules. In rats afflicted with CHF, the administration of CDMOFs@TSC yielded notable enhancements in cardiac function. Additionally, it precipitated a reduction in biomarkers linked to myocardial injury, manifested anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, and induced alterations in myocardial energy metabolism. This is the first report of CDMOFs‐based oral delivery to improve the TSC bioavailability and efficacy. The utilization of CDMOFs@TSC resulted in superior therapeutic outcomes in comparison to standalone TSC by optimizing pharmacokinetics and precise targeted delivery. These results highlight the clinical potential of CDMOF as porous carriers to enable oral delivery of natural products for CHF therapy.
Enhancing wear resistance and mechanical property of epoxy coating via “roller wheel” liquid metal‐MXene
Authors: Zheng Shuxin , Nie Yuxiang , Wang Zhangzhong , Feng Xin , Zhu Jiahua , Lu Xiaohua , Mu Liwen
Published: March 2024

This work presents a design of a unique “roller wheel” structure combining rigid MXene and flexible liquid metal (LM), aiming to construct an epoxy composite coating with simultaneous advanced mechanical strength and lubrication properties. The antiwear property of the epoxy composites is improved by 72.8% when the LM is 0.5 wt% and MXene is 0.03 wt%. The incorporation of LM‐MXene improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy composite coating, resulting in an approximately 136.6% increase in elastic modulus. The unique “roller wheel” structure provides additional mechanical support and leads to lower adhesion between the MXene layers and LM. As a result, LM reduces the stripping and sliding of the interface between MXene layers during the friction process, further enhancing the lubrication performance of the epoxy composite coating.
NuQKD: A Modular Quantum Key Distribution Simulation Framework for Engineering Applications
Authors: Gkouliaras Konstantinos , Theos Vasileios , Evans Philip G. , Chatzidakis Stylianos
Published: March 2024

An experimental Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) implementation requires advanced costly hardware, unavailable in most research environments, making protocol testing and performance evaluation complicated. This has been a major motivation for the development of QKD simulation frameworks, to allow researchers to obtain insight before proceeding into practical implementations. Several simulators have been introduced over the recent years. However, only four are publicly available, only one of which models equipment imperfections. Currently, no open‐source simulator includes all following capabilities: channel attenuation modelling, equipment imperfections and effects on key rates, estimation of elapsed time during classical and quantum‐ channel processes, use of truly random binary sequences for qubits and measurement bases, shared ‐bit fraction customization. In this paper, we present NuQKD, an open‐ source modular, intuitive simulator, featuring all the above capabilities. NuQKD establishes communication between two computer terminals, accepts custom user inputs (iterations, raw key size, attacker interception rate etc.) and evaluates the sifted key, Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), elapsed communication time, and more. NuQKD capabilities include optical fiber and free ‐space simulation, modeling of equipment/channel imperfections, bitstrings from True Random Number Generators, decoy‐state protocol support, and automated evaluation of performance metrics. We expect NuQKD to enable convenient and accurate representation of actual experimental conditions.
Living with a tumor: A case of osteosarcoma involving the medullary region in Phrynops cf. P. geoffroanus (Testudines: Chelidae)
Authors: Bert Hugo , Lamrous Hayat , Sena Mariana Valéria de Araújo
Published: March 2024

The individual Geoffroy's side‐necked turtle, Phrynops cf. P. geoffroanus, was diagnosed postmortem with osteosarcoma associated with the forelimb through morphological and histological analysis. Osteosarcoma stands as the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in tetrapods. The tumor presents itself as a large mass in the distal epiphysis, characterized by spicular outgrowths and a rugose external texture. Histologically, the afflicted humerus displayed a high degree of vascularity and exhibited an extensive bone resorption process involving the medullary and endosteal regions. Notably, a clear transition between the bone marrow and cortical bone was absent, indicative of a remodeling process featuring Haversian bone system apposition. Additionally, the diaphyseal region displayed the progression of neoplastic bone tissue along the bone. For comparative purposes, we describe a humeral thin section from a healthy specimen revealing compact primary bone interrupted by cyclical growth marks which differs from the continuous growth observed in the neoplastic humerus. To assess the neoplastic bone growth rate at the mid‐diaphysis level, phylogenetic eigenvector maps (PEM) were employed, utilizing osteocyte density and vascular density as explanatory variables. The findings indicated that the osteosarcoma exhibited a slow‐growing nature, suggesting that the turtle had to live with this condition for years. As the neoplasia continued to expand, it likely led to disadvantages for the pathological Phrynops individual due to humeral deformity. Furthermore, malignancy was associated with angiogenesis and the invasion of the medullary region by neoplastic bone tissue, raising the likelihood of metastasis as an additional factor contributing to the individual's sickness. The presence of numerous vascular canals in the diaphyseal thin section suggested a low‐grade central osteosarcoma. It is worth noting that osseous neoplasms are rarely documented in Testudines, making this case of osteosarcoma in a South American freshwater chelid specimen a unique and rare occurrence.
Robust Graphene‐based Aerogel for Integrated 3D Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Liang Xue , Tang Li‐jun , Zhang Yong‐chao , Zhu Xiao‐dong , Gao Jian
Published: March 2024

Three‐dimensional asymmetric supercapacitors (3D ASC) have garnered significant attention due to their high operating window, theoretical energy density, and circularity. However, the practical application of 3D electrode materials is limited by brittleness and excessive dead volume. Therefore, we propose a controlled contraction strategy that regulates the pore structure of 3D electrode materials, eliminates dead volume in the 3D skeleton structure, and enhances mechanical strength. In this study to obtain reduced graphene oxide/manganese dioxide (rGO/MnO2) and reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (rGO/CNT) composite aerogels with a stable and compact structure. MnO2 and CNT as nanogaskets, preventing the self‐stacking of graphene nanosheets during the shrinkage process. Additionally, the high specific capacitor nanogaskets significantly enhance the specific energy density of the rGO aerogel electrode. The prepared rGO/MnO2//rGO/CNT 3D ASC exhibits a high mass‐specific capacitance of 216.15 F g−1, a high mass energy density of 74 Wh kg−1 at 3.5 A g−1, and maintains a retention rate of capacitance at 99.89 % after undergoing 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge at 5 A g−1. The versatile and integrated assembly of 3D ASC units is achieved through the utilization of the robust mechanical structure of rGO‐based aerogel electrodes, employing a mortise and tenon structural design.
Spectral density estimation for random processes with stationary increments
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Chunfeng , Zhang Haimeng , Schaffer Matthew
Published: March 2024

Spectral density analysis plays an important role in studying a stationary random process on a real line. In this paper, we extend this discussion for the random process with stationary increments. We investigate the properties of the method of moments structure function estimation, and propose a nonparametric spectral density function estimator. Our numerical results show that the proposed spectral density estimator performs comparable with the parametric counterpart when the underlying process is assumed to be band‐limited. Additionally, this method is applied to analyze US Housing Starts Data, where the hidden periodicities are detected, providing consistent conclusions with previous economic studies.
The HST Large Programme on NGC 6752 ‐ V. Differences in luminosity and mass function among stellar populations
Authors: Scalco Michele , Gerasimov Roman , Bedin Luigi R. , Vesperini Enrico , Nardiello Domenico , Salaris Maurizio , Burgasser Adam , Anderson Jay , Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea , Rosati Piero
Published: March 2024

We exploit the astro‐photometric dataset of the multi‐epoch infrared parallel field of a Hubble Space Telescope Large Programme aimed at studying the faintest stars of the globular cluster NGC 6752 to determine the luminosity and mass functions of the multiple stellar populations of this cluster. Thanks to the measurement of proper motions and deeper completeness, the results presented in this paper represent a significant improvement over those of previous studies. We successfully derived membership probabilities reaching stars as faint as , allowing us to reliably distinguish the three main stellar populations detected within this cluster. We employed a new set of model isochrones that have been individually fit to the colour–magnitude diagram of each population. We present a comprehensive analysis of the luminosity and mass functions for three stellar populations within NGC 6752. Notably, our findings reveal differences in the present‐day luminosity and mass functions of first‐generation and second‐generation stars; these differences are consistent with the manifestation of the effects of dynamical processes acting on populations with different initial spatial distributions. Finally, we publicly release the catalogues with positions, photometry, proper motions and memberships probabilities, as well as the stacked‐image atlases and all newly calculated stellar models.
Characteristics and influencing factors of anticipated HIV stigma among HIV‐negative/unknown MSM in China: A regression mixture model
Authors: Dai Zhenwei , Wu Yijin , Liu Xin , Fu Jiaqi , Si Mingyu , Chen Xu , Wang Hao , Xiao Weijun , Huang Yiman , Yu Fei , Mi Guodong , Su Xiaoyou
Published: March 2024

Background

Anticipated HIV stigma among men who have sex with men's (MSM) has a severe negative effect on their physical and mental health wellbeing and hence requires specific attention. The current study aims to identify the characteristics and the psychosocial influencing factors of anticipated HIV stigma in MSM using regression mixture model (RMM) and to determine the cut‐off point of the seven‐item Anticipated HIV Stigma Questionnaire (AHSQ) using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among HIV‐negative/unknown MSM from Blued online platform in China from December 16th, 2020 to March 1st, 2021, enrolling 1394 participants. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, perceived social support, anticipated HIV stigma, depressive symptoms, and HIV knowledge. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify different profiles of anticipated HIV stigma level. Chi‐square test, analysis of variance, and RMM analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors in different profiles. ROC analyses were carried out to identify the cut‐off value of anticipated stigma.

Results

Among the participants, three profiles of anticipated stigma were identified: “low anticipated HIV stigma” (12.0%), “moderate anticipated HIV stigma” (52.1%), and “severe anticipated HIV stigma” (35.9%). RMM analysis showed that higher income and higher levels of knowledge were positively associated with moderate anticipated HIV stigma, whereas full‐time job and social support were negatively associated with moderate anticipated HIV stigma; higher income, depressive symptoms, and knowledge were positively associated with severe anticipated HIV stigma, whereas minor ethnicity and social support were negatively associated with severe anticipated HIV stigma. ROC curve of the AHSQ showed that the optimal cut‐off value of ≥16 could indicate positive anticipated HIV stigma.

Conclusion

The study focuses on the level of anticipated HIV stigma and its psycho‐socio influencing factors among HIV‐negative/unknown MSM. It provides evidence for implementing relevant psychological interventions to HIV‐negative/unknown MSM.
Nucleic acid vaccines‐based therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer: A new paradigm in tumor immunotherapy arena
Authors: Saleh Raed Obaid , Ibrahim Fatma M. , Pallathadka Harikumar , Kaur Irwanjot , Ahmad Irfan , Ali Saad Hayif Jasim , Redhee Ahmed Huseen , Ghildiyal Pallavi , Jawad Mohammed Abed , Alsaadi Salim B.
Published: March 2024

Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Furthermore, just the chosen antigen in the pathogen is the target of the immune responses brought on by NAVs. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid‐based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Moreover, cancer vaccines offer a compelling approach that can elicit targeted and long‐lasting immune responses against tumor antigens. Bacterial plasmids that encode antigens and immunostimulatory molecules serve as the foundation for DNA vaccines. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, marking the first instance of DNA vaccine‐mediated immunity. Similarly, in vitro transcribed mRNA was first successfully used in animals in 1990. At that point, mice were given an injection of the gene encoding the mRNA sequence, and the researchers saw the production of a protein. We begin this review by summarizing our existing knowledge of NAVs. Next, we addressed NAV delivery, emphasizing the need to increase efficacy in TNBC.
Cognitive flexibility and adaptive performance among workers: Testing the moderating effect of the situational strength on this relationship
Authors: Ouellette Samuel , Longato Sabrina , Mayer William , Bouchard Frédérique , Boudrias Jean‐Sébastien
Published: March 2024

Adaptive performance (AP) is crucial for individuals to respond to changes in their work role. Cognitive flexibility (CF) plays a role in AP, but the impact of the work environment on this relationship is not clear. Situational strength theory suggests that a strong situation, characterized by clarity, consistency, constraints, and consequences, weakens the effect of individual characteristics on behavior. This study aimed to examine if situational strength moderates the CF‐AP relationship. A sample of 464 workers were recruited. Overall, the research hypothesis was not supported, indicating no moderation effect of situational strength. However, exploratory analysis suggests that constraints limit the contribution of CF to AP. Organizations should reduce constraints to leverage workers' CF for adaptive behaviors.
Interdialytic home systolic blood pressure variability increases all‐cause mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Dong Liping , Tian Ming , Li Hua , Dong Junwu , Song Xiaohong
Published: March 2024

Background

The association between Interdialytic home blood pressure variability (BPV) and the prognosis of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) largely unknown.

Hypothesis

We proposed the hypothesis that interdialytic home BPV exert effect on cardiac and all‐cause mortality among individuals undergoing MHD.

Methods

A total of 158 patients receiving MHD at the hemodialysis unit of Wuhan Fourth Hospital between December 2019 and August 2020 were included in this prospective cohort study. Patients were divided into tertiles according to the systolic BPV (SBPV), and the primary endpoints were cardiac and all‐cause death. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess the relationship between long‐term survival and interdialytic home SBPV. In addition, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify risk factors contributing to poor prognosis.

Results

The risk of cardiac death and all‐cause death was gradually increased in patients according to tertiles of SBPV (3.5% vs. 14.8% vs. 19.2%, p for trend = .021; and 11.5% vs. 27.8% vs. 44.2%, p for trend <.001). The Cox regression analysis revealed that compared to Tertile 1, the hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality in Tertile 2 and Tertile 3 were 3.13 (p = .026) and 3.24 (p = .021), respectively, after adjustment for a series of covariates.

Conclusions

The findings revealed a positive correlation between increased interdialytic home SBPV and elevated mortality risk in patients with MHD.