bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jean Starobinski and the Critical Gaze
Authors: Shum Peter
Published: September 2019

This paper explores Jean Starobinski's often tacit conception of the implied author, with a view to clarifying his intellectual legacy for literary criticism. It argues that it is plausible to trace a certain strand in the intellectual genealogy of Starobinski's literary theory from the descriptive psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey to twentieth-century psychoanalysis and phenomenology. Accordingly, the question “Who is Jean Starobinski?” is formulated in a sense which seeks to move beyond the bare facticity of biographical detail, a sense that can be expected to differentiate between scholarly and purely journalistic enquiry to ask: who, exactly, is the Jean Starobinski that we encounter in his major works—works like “The Living Eye,” and “Transparency and Obstruction”? It is from this vantage point that the discussion proceeds to clarify Starobinski's ambivalent relations to both Rousseau and Freud, and thereby to illuminate some of the tensions and nuances inherent in his notion of the implied author.
An Analysis of the #FeesMustFall Agenda and Its Implications for the Survival of Education in South Africa: The NWU Mafikeng Campus Writing Centre Experience
Authors: Ejoke UP , Enwereji PC , Chukwuere JE
Published: September 2019

The #FeesMustFall-protests were symbolic of unguided social dynamics as stakeholders directly or in directly (indirectly) scramble for escape due to the financial implications that fees increment would engender. South African government is aware of the importance of education in any growing economy as this was demonstrated in the agenda of the post-1994 government in prioritising primary and secondary education, even though the quality of education remained decidedly poor. However, same cannot be said for tertiary Universities in South Africa, the low priority granted to higher education over the past two decades had always been a bone of contention. This paper therefore attempts to interrogate various explanations for fees must fall movement and how this impact on the writing centre at the North-West University, Mafikeng Campus. In contextualizing this problem, the paper employed key elements of Altbach’s empirical theory of student movements. Using Focus Group discussion and by means of Atlas-ti statistical package, the paper demonstrated the richness of data available for analysis and reflects on correlated methodological challenges when attempting to understand student movements and the dynamic relationship between the University environment as well as the country-wide movement, the territorial space and that of writing centre experience during and after the protest. The paper concludes by reflecting and suggesting on elements of a possible research agenda on balancing education and economy.
Survival outcomes for patients with surgically induced end-stage renal disease
Authors: Bhindi Bimal , Asante Dennis , Branda Megan E. , Hickson LaTonya J. , Mason Ross J. , Jeffery Molly M. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Thompson R. Houston
Published: September 2019

Introduction: While medically induced end-stage renal disease (m-ESRD) has been well-studied, outcomes in patients with surgically induced ESRD (s-ESRD) are unknown. We sought to quantitatively compare the non-oncological outcomes for s-ESRD and m-ESRD in a large population-based cohort.

Methods: Medicare patients >65 years old initiating hemodialysis were identified using the U.S. Renal Data System database (2000‒2012). Metastatic cancer, prior transplant history, and nephrectomy for polycystic kidney disease were exclusion criteria. Patients were classified as having s-ESRD or m-ESRD based on hospital and physician claims for nephrectomy within a year preceding the onset of maintenance hemodialysis. Outcomes included non-cancer mortality (NCM), overall survival (OS), cardiovascular event (CVE), and renal transplantation. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence curves, and multivariable Cox and Fine-and-Grey regression models.

Results: The cohort included 312 612 patients, of whom 1648 (0.53%) had s-ESRD. Compared to m-ESRD patients, s-ESRD patients had a significantly lower five-year cumulative incidence of NCM (68% vs. 80%; p<0.001) and CVE (62% vs. 68%; p<0.001), with a correspondingly higher probability of OS (22% vs. 17%; p<0.001) and rate of renal transplantation (3.6% vs. 2.0%; p<0.001). On multivariable analyses, s-ESRD remained associated with lower risks of NCM (p<0.001) and CVE (p<0.001), improved OS (p<0.001), and higher chance of renal transplantation (p<0.001).

Conclusions: While outcomes for s-ESRD appear more favorable than m-ESRD, s-ESRD is still associated with a substantial risk of NCM and CVE, and a low incidence of renal transplantation in Medicare patients >65 years old. These non-oncological outcomes are worth considering in patients potentially facing postoperative ESRD.
Dual Language: A Combined Dual Language Framework for Implementation: A 90/10 and 50/50 Model Design
Authors: Billy Roslyn J. F. , Garriguez Carmen Medina
Published: September 2019

Dual Language programs are starting to resurface amongst the best practices for increasing literacy and academic language acquisition. Substantial evidence exists to support dual language (DL) education as a viable and enriching method of supporting high levels of academic achievement for both English Language Learners (ELLs) and English-speaking students (as cited in Ray, 2009). With that being said, there is no doubt that a DL program will increase the academic achievement of Culturally Linguistically Diverse (CDL) students. However, the question that arises in the implementation of DL programs is, which model either the 90/10 or the 50/50 is effective in sustaining academic achievement of CLD students during their educational experience? One issue that can impact Dual Language Education (DLE) program design concerns the allocation of time given to each language (Lindholm-Leary, 2012). The purpose of this research is to test the implementation of the conceptual dual language framework developed by the researchers that embraces both the 90/10 and 50/50 model allowing for a blended allocation of time given to each language for biliteracy mastery. Although the focus of the study took place in the United States, the researchers have also reviewed Europe and the Middle East where the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) model is very popular as other possible contexts for implementation of the framework.
Foundations of the Uncodified Historical Constitution of Hungary
Authors: Biró Zsófia
Published: September 2019

The article examines the evolution of the Hungarian Public and Constitutional Law from 1301 until the Austro-Hungarian compromise in 1867. The topic is highly relevant, because the year 2017 marked the 330th anniversary of the 1st and 2nd Act of 1687, which state that the Habsburgs are the only and true heirs of the Hungarian throne; it also marked the 150th anniversary of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Furthermore the current Fundamental Law says that “We honour the achievements of our historical constitution and we honour the Holy Crown, which embodies the constitutional continuity of Hungary’s statehood and the unity of the nation”. The main chain of thoughts of the article presents the crown-ideology and the Doctrine of the Holy Crown, the Rákos field resolution of 1505, the Acts 2 and 3 of 1687, the Pragmatic Sanction, Acts 10 and 12 of 1790, the public law aspects of the April Laws of 1848, and the laws on the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. The article presents the fundamental documents of the Hungarian uncodified historical Constitution issued within the given period. Through their formation and historical background we can truly understand the Hungarian customary law and the legal traditions, which are still honoured by our present Fundamental Law.
Bankruptcy and the Praetorian Pledge: The Law of the Books and the Law in Action in the Early Modern Netherlands
Authors: Kotlyar Ilya A.
Published: September 2019

The article points out at the discrepancy between the different Mss. of the Roman Justinianic text: Littera Pisana and Littera Bononiensis. The discrepancy entailed that the doctrine of medieval Ius Commune offered stronger protection of the collective rights of the creditors, in comparison with the Classical Roman law. The Roman Dutch “Elegant School”, despite its general reliance on the original Roman sources, already in the writings of Grotius demonstrated allegiance to the medieval doctrine on the issue of bankruptcy. The authors of the “Elegant School” continued to prefer the medieval interpretation of the creditors’ rights and bankruptcy, although Dutch practice was, in many respects, drastically different from the Ius Commune doctrine. This ensured a strong protection of creditors in bankruptcy in Dutch law.
Die Allokation von Rettungsmitteln
Authors: Spiegel Ulrich
Published: September 2019

On the one hand, the thesis makes function, structure and legal bases of the integrated control centres responsible for the allocation of rescue vehicles accessible on a legal basis, for the first time using the generalisable example of the Free State of Bavaria. On the other hand, the legal and, not least, constitutional problem of the distribution of rescue vehicles in everyday emergency and scarcity situations outside of disaster control law is discussed. The thesis does pioneering work, since it arranges the basics of the subject that are not easily accessible and deals independently with the problem of prioritisation. The author states – inter alia – that a regulation regarding the allocation of rescue vehicles, which exclusively establish a distribution according to the first come, first serve principle, is unconstitutional. In addition, requirements for a lawful allocation regulation are presented.
Quantized Field of Single Photons
Authors: Meis Constantin
Published: September 2019

We present theoretical developments expressing the physical characteristics of a single photon in conformity with the experimental evidence. The quantization of the electromagnetic field vector potential amplitude is enhanced to a free of cavity photon state. Coupling the Schrödinger equation with the relativistic massless particle Hamiltonian to a symmetrical vector potential relation, we establish the vector potential - energy equation for the photon expressing the simultaneous wave-particle nature of a single photon, an intrinsic physical property. It is shown that the vector potential can be naturally considered as a real wave function for the photon entailing a coherent localization probability. We deduce directly the electric and magnetic field amplitudes of the cavity-free single photon, which are revealed to be proportional to the square of the angular frequency. The zero-energy electromagnetic field ground state (EFGS), a quantum vacuum real component, issues naturally from Maxwell’s equations and the vector potential quantization procedure. The relation of the quantized amplitude of the photon vector potential to the electron-positron charge results directly showing the physical relationship between photons and electrons-positrons that might be at the origin of their mutual transformations. It becomes obvious that photons, as well as electrons-positrons, are issued from the same quantum vacuum field.
Lifestyle Factors, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Neuroprotection
Authors: Broman Katheryn , U. Davis Abigail , May Jordan , Park Han-A
Published: September 2019

The brain requires vast amounts of energy to carry out neurotransmission; indeed, it is responsible for approximately one-fifth of the body’s energy consumption. Therefore, in order to understand functions of brain cells under both normal and pathological conditions, it is critical to elucidate dynamics of intracellular energy. The mitochondrion is the key intercellular organelle that controls neuronal energy and survival. Numerous studies have reported a correlation between altered mitochondrial function and brain-associated diseases; thus mitochondria may serve as a promising target for treating these conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanisms of mitochondrial production, movement, and degradation in order to understand accessibility of energy during physiological and pathological conditions of the brain. While research targeting molecular dynamics is promising, translation into clinical relevance based on bench research is challenging. For these reasons, we will also summarize lifestyle factors, including interventions and chronic comorbidities that disrupt mitochondrial dynamics. By determining lifestyle factors that are readily accessible, we can propose a new viewpoint for a synergistic and translational approach for neuroprotection.
Caracterização de praticantes de esportes paralímpico e de lazer adaptados em locais públicos de um município do interior de São Paulo
Authors: Stahl Mateus Aparecido , Tolocka Rute Estanislava
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho buscou identificar locais onde são praticados esportes paralímpico, conhecer quais esportes são praticados e observar as condições de acessibilidade. Foram visitados dois locais por região do Município e verificado que nenhum possui acessibilidade universal. Apenas um local oferece a prática de esporte paralímpico, a modalidade basquete sobre rodas, praticado por um grupo de oito indivíduos. Dados levantados na pesquisa mostram um potencial para prática do esporte, no entanto a falta de infraestrutura como acessibilidade, incentivos e investimentos, parece ser um fator limitante para a prática massiva do esporte paralímpico de base.
A modularização curricular para uma transformação didática ao ensino da educação física
Authors: Hatje Marli , Leãess Filho Wenceslau Virgílio
Published: September 2019

A obra FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E TRABALHO EDUCATIVO NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA surge como importante contribuição ao atual debate em curso no Brasil sobre a formação profissional em Educação Física, a partir da publicação das Resoluções 01/2002 e 02/2002 (Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação de Professores da Educação Básica) e as Resoluções 07/2004 e 06/2006 (Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de graduação em Educação Física), principalmente na perspectiva da importância da modularização dos currículos para a formação inicial do futuro professor de educação física escolar. A obra lançada em setembro de 2017, também se configura como um importante referencial para analisar e debater criticamente o Programa de Residência Pedagógica, lançado pelo Governo Federal em articulação com programas da CAPES e que se constitui em uma ação da Política Nacional de Formação de Professores. Com essa discussão os autores buscam uma reflexão e uma ação no sentido de rediscutir um “futuro da formação” e a construção de novo futuro para o papel e realidade da escola.
Memórias das experiências com o brincar: narrativas e mônadas de professoras de educação infantil
Authors: Evedove Marina Dal' , Assis Marília Del Ponte de , Ayoub Eliana
Published: September 2019

O trabalho teve como objetivo refletir sobre as memórias das experiências com o brincar de professoras que atuam na educação infantil, reconstruindo, em forma de narrativas e mônadas, o universo lúdico vivido por elas. Tomando como referência a perspectiva da história oral, foram entrevistadas três professoras de um centro de educação infantil de uma universidade pública paulista. Com base nas memórias compartilhadas, constatamos que, como sujeitos históricos imersos numa realidade social, as professoras possuem experiências com o brincar que são significativas e constituem sua singularidade, reverberando na forma como as mesmas veem e fazem a mediação das brincadeiras na sua prática docente.
Uma reflexão sobre o Sinaes e seus principais desafios
Authors: Francisco Thiago Henrique Almino , Melo Pedro Antônio de , Veiga Isadora Maria Back da
Published: September 2019

Neste texto busca-se contextualizar os principais desafios do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior - Sinaes. Para tanto, utiliza-se bases teóricas que refletem sobre a avaliação da educação superior e consolidam as discussões sobre eficácia e a validade do sistema, destacando as discussões emergentes entre os modelos público e privado e os principais desafios que o Sinaes encontrou no decurso de sua implantação.Palavras-chave: Sinaes; educação superior; avaliação institucional; regulação; prestação de contas.
Uma experiência de estágio na gestão escolar: formação continuada com professores da educação infantil
Authors: Souza Nathany Morais de , Azevedo Micarla Silva de , Galdino Flávia Alessandra Pereira , Brito Nazineide
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo é resultado de uma experiência de estágio supervisionado do curso de Pedagogia da UFRN/Ceres/Caicó, desenvolvido na gestão de uma instituição de educação infantil. Buscou-se investigar o processo de formação continuada como espaço de reflexão e transformação da prática docente e intervir, pela da promoção de uma formação continuada, com as professoras da referida instituição, levando-se em consideração o elo entre coordenação e corpo docente. Assim, teve como princípios metodológicos a pesquisa in lócus por meio de observações e o uso de ferramentas de cunho qualitativo como a aplicação de questionários. Notou-se que a formação continuada e a organização do trabalho docente contribuem de forma indubitável para a melhoria pessoal e profissional do educador.Palavras-chave: formação continuada; prática docente; docente.
Homogeneity of memory errors in abstract visual pattern recall
Authors: Badham Stephen P. , Atkin Christopher , Castro Antonio
Published: September 2019

In memory tests, recalled information can be distorted by errors in memory and these distortions can be more memorable than the original stimuli to a later learner. This is typically observed over several generations of learners but there is less exploration of the initial distortions from the first generation of learners. In this article, participants studied visual matrix patterns which were either erroneous recall attempts from previous participants or were random patterns. Experiment 1 showed some evidence that material based on previous participants’ recall data was more memorable than random material, but this did not replicate in Experiment 2. Of greater interest in the current data were homogeneity in the memory errors made by participants which demonstrated systematic recall biases in a single generation of learners. Unlike studies utilising multiple generations of learners, the currently observed distortions cannot be attributed to survival-of-the-fittest mechanisms where biases are driven by encoding effects.
Mediating processes in the relations of parental monitoring and school climate with cyberbullying: The role of moral disengagement
Authors: Bartolo Maria Giuseppina , Palermiti Anna Lisa , Servidio Rocco , Musso Pasquale , Costabile Angela
Published: September 2019

In recent years, studies have extensively explored both personal and environmental predictors of cyberbullying. Among these predictors, parental monitoring and school climate were often expected to be associated with cyberbullying behaviors. However, little is known about the mediating mechanisms through which these relations may develop. The present study aimed to expand the current research by testing a theoretical model including the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relations between parental monitoring (including less collaborative vs. more collaborative strategies), school climate, and cyberbullying behaviors. Five hundred and seventy-one Italian adolescents (54.5% male) aged 14 to 20 years were recruited from high schools. Measures included demographics and parental monitoring, school climate, moral disengagement and cyberbullying scales. To test the hypothesized model, we estimated full and partial mediation models by structural equation modeling. Results showed negative indirect links of parental monitoring (but only the more collaborative strategies) and school climate with cyberbullying via moral disengagement. Less collaborative strategies of parental monitoring were neither directly nor indirectly related to cyberbullying. The findings revealed moral disengagement as an important process in explaining how ecological factors, such as parenting behaviors and school environments, are associate with cyberbullying. Limitations, strengths, and implications for practice are presented.
La participación de la escuela de Brentano en el Psycologismusstreit
Authors: Porta Mario Gonzalez
Published: September 2019

El tema de la participación de la escuela de Brentano en la polémica en torno al psicologismo no se deja reducir a una simple y única pregunta, ni se puede responder con una simple y única respuesta, pues presenta una marcada diversidad tanto desde el punto de vista sistemático como histórico, componiéndose de diferentes polémicas que tienen un cierto grado de independencia.
Intersubjetividade e idealismo transcendental em Husserl
Authors: Thomé Scheila Cristiane
Published: September 2019

O objetivo central deste artigo é o de discutir se Husserl de fato consegue apresentar uma compreensão derradeira da intersubjetividade de um modo estritamente transcendental e assim se Husserl pôde ou não superar definitivamente toda forma de solipsismo. A posição que pretendo defender é que Husserl consegue apresentar uma compreensão coerente de intersubjetividade entendida em termos transcendentais a partir de um aprofundamento dos processos de redução transcendental. Será defendido também que a explicitação do estatuto transcendental da intersubjetividade não se contrapõe de maneira alguma ao idealismo transcendental fenomenológico proposto por Husserl, ao contrário, será mostrado que a compreensão do estatuto transcendental da intersubjetividade contribui para uma melhor e mais adequada caracterização do que é o campo do idealismo transcendental fenomenológico em Husserl. Para realização de tal empreitada será tomado como objeto de análise, em especial, os textos das Meditações cartesianas IV e V.
FoxO1 is a critical regulator of hepatocyte lipid deposition in chronic stress mice
Authors: Liu Yun-zi , Peng Wei , Chen Ji-kuai , Su Wen-jun , Yan Wen-jie , Wang Yun-xia , Jiang Chun-lei
Published: September 2019

Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is involved in lipid metabolisms. However, its role in chronic stress-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. The scientific premise of our study was based on the finding that FoxO1 expression is increased in the liver of mice after chronic stress. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved in the activation of FoxO1 and how its function affects the liver lipid deposition. We employed a murine chronic stress model, in which mice were treated by plantar electrical stimulation and restraint for 6 weeks, and a cellular model, in which Hepa1–6 cells were treated with corticosterone. We also used a pharmacologic approach as1842856, a highly specific FoxO1 inhibitor. Lipid metabolism related genes levels were measured by qRT-PCR and the lipid levels by biochemical detection. We show that the level of FoxO1 is significantly elevated in the liver of chronic stress mice. Transcription factor FoxO1 regulates a lipid synthesis phenotype of hepatocyte that is involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. We have shown that inhibition of FoxO1 induced phenotypic conversion of hepatocytes and down-regulates lipid synthesis genes expression by hepatocytes, which contribute to lipid deposition in NAFLD. At the cellular level, the inhibitor of FoxO1 as1842856 can also attenuate the lipid deposition of Hepa1–6 cells induced by corticosterone. Targeting FoxO1 is a novel therapeutic target for chronic stress-related NAFLD.
Cytotoxic activity of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP against non-small cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Martinez-Torres Ana Carolina , Gomez-Morales Luis , Martinez-Loria Alan B. , Uscanga-Palomeque Ashanti Concepcion , Vazquez-Guillen Jose Manuel , Rodriguez-Padilla Cristina
Published: September 2019

Background

IMMUNEPOTENT-CRP® (I-CRP) is a bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract containing transfer factor. It is a cost-effective, unspecific active immunotherapy that has been used in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as an adjuvant to reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and has shown cytotoxic activity in vitro on different cancer cell lines. However, its mechanism of action against lung cancer cells has not been assessed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the cytotoxic mechanism of I-CRP on lung cancer cell lines.

Methods

We assessed cell viability through MTT assay on the NSCLC cell lines A549, A427, Calu-1, and INER-51 after treatment with I-CRP. To further understand the mechanisms of cell viability diminution we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to evaluate cell death (annexin-V and propidium iodide [PI] staining), cell cycle and DNA degradation (PI staining), mitochondrial alterations (TMRE staining), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (DCFDA staining). Additionally, we evaluated caspase and ROS dependence of cell death by pretreating the cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), respectively.

Results

Our data shows that I-CRP is cytotoxic to NSCLC cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner, without substantial differences between the four cell lines tested (A549, A427, Calu-1, and INER-51). Cytotoxicity is induced through regulated cell death and cell cycle arrest induction. I-CRP-induced cell death in NSCLC cell lines is characterized by DNA degradation, mitochondrial damage, and ROS production. Moreover, cell death is independent of caspases but relies on ROS production, as it is abrogated with NAC.

Conclusion

Altogether, these results improve the knowledge about the cytotoxic activity of I-CRP on NSCLC cells, indicating that cell death, cell cycle arrest, DNA degradation and mitochondrial damage are important features, while ROS play the main role for I-CRP mediated cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells.
An update on anatomy and function of the teleost olfactory system
Authors: Olivares Jesús , Schmachtenberg Oliver
Published: September 2019

About half of all extant vertebrates are teleost fishes. Although our knowledge about anatomy and function of their olfactory systems still lags behind that of mammals, recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have provided us with a wealth of novel information about the sense of smell in this important animal group. Its paired olfactory organs contain up to five types of olfactory receptor neurons expressing OR, TAAR, VR1- and VR2-class odorant receptors associated with individual transduction machineries. The different types of receptor neurons are preferentially tuned towards particular classes of odorants, that are associated with specific behaviors, such as feeding, mating or migration. We discuss the connections of the receptor neurons in the olfactory bulb, the differences in bulbar circuitry compared to mammals, and the characteristics of second order projections to telencephalic olfactory areas, considering the everted ontogeny of the teleost telencephalon. The review concludes with a brief overview of current theories about odor coding and the prominent neural oscillations observed in the teleost olfactory system.
Impact of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on the Root Induction of Arbutus pavarii Pamp (Lybian Strawberry Tree) in in vitro Culture
Authors: Yousef Hameda A. , Idris Hanan A. , Mansur Rabha M.
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this study was to clarify the best concentration of the indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in order to induce the formation of strong roots of Arbutus pavarii Pamp, an endangered plant in the El-Jabel El-Akhdar region in Libya. A study was carried out to find a protocol for its in vitro propagation. The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of IBA plant growth regulator on the rooting. Three weeks old seedlings obtained with in vitro germination were transferred to Murashige and Skoog (M&S) roots induction medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg L-1). The highest response was obtained with the M&S medium half-strength supplemented with IBA 1 mg L-1 concentration. All the measured growth indicators (rooting percentage, root length and dry weight) significantly enhanced when using this concentration.
Juventudes e apropriações urbanas em uma leitura polissêmica: reflexões acerca da categoria “Juventudes” a partir de um estudo de caso sobre lan houses em favelas cariocas
Authors: Dos Passos Pâmella Santos , Enne Ana Lucia Silva
Published: September 2019

Pensar a cidade a partir das juventudes implica, a nosso ver, em primeiro plano problematizar tal conceito para só então pensar efetivamente na cidade sob a ótica juvenil. Nesse sentido, nas breves páginas que temos, optamos por primeiramente apresentar nosso entendimento acerca da categoria “juventudes”, em especial no contexto carioca atual, para em seguida, a partir de uma pesquisa realizada em lan houses de duas favelas cariocas: Acari e Santa Marta, problematizar o papel das políticas públicas para um segmento dentre essas múltiplas possibilidades de juventude.

 
Transformação política por meio de narrativas juvenis nos fragmentos da “Praia da Estação”
Authors: Gonzaga Milene Migliano
Published: September 2019

Apresento aqui alguns temas em desenvolvimento depois da investigação do doutorado, na qual fiz uma etnografia digital sobre uma experiência urbana de contestação juvenil pelo espaço público -  a Praia  da Estação – em Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Depois da publicação de um decreto municipal, em dezembro de 2009, proibindo a realização de eventos de qualquer natureza na Praça da Estação, de centralidade geográfica e simbólica na cidade, na capital planejada, houve uma convocatória em um blog anônimo para uma reunião que objetivava a reversão do abuso autoritário, e que ocasionou encontros, dissensos e a produção da praia na praça recém revitalizada. Entre as transformações da cidade com a participação política da juventude praieira, destacamos até participação na política eleitoral.
Investigation of the putative rate‐limiting role of electron transfer in fatty acid desaturation using transfected HEK293T cells
Authors: Zámbó Veronika , Simon‐Szabó Laura , Sarnyai Farkas , Mátyási Judit , Gór‐Nagy Zsófia , Somogyi Anna , Szelényi Péter , Kereszturi Éva , Tóth Blanka , Csala Miklós
Published: September 2019

Elevated fatty acid (FA) levels contribute to severe metabolic diseases. Unbalanced oversupply of saturated FAs is particularly damaging, which renders stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity an important factor of resistance. A SCD1‐related oxidoreductase protects cells against palmitate toxicity, so we aimed to test whether desaturase activity is limited by SCD1 itself or by the associated electron supply. Unsaturated/saturated FA ratio was markedly elevated by SCD1 overexpression while it remained unaffected by the overexpression of SCD1‐related electron transfer proteins in HEK293T cells. Electron supply was not rate‐limiting either in palmitate‐treated cells or in cells with enhanced SCD1 expression. Our findings indicate the rate‐limiting role of SCD1 itself, and that FA desaturation cannot be facilitated by reinforcing the electron supply of the enzyme.
Slow‐channel myasthenia due to novel mutation in M2 domain of AChR delta subunit
Authors: Shen Xin‐Ming , Milone Margherita , Wang Hang‐Long , Banwell Brenda , Selcen Duygu , Sine Steven M. , Engel Andrew G.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To characterize the molecular and phenotypic basis of a severe slow‐channel congenital myasthenic syndrome (SCCMS).

Methods

Intracellular and single‐channel recordings from patient endplates; alpha‐bungarotoxin binding studies; direct sequencing of AChR genes; microsatellite analysis; kinetic analysis of AChR activation; homology modeling of adult human AChR structure.

Results

Among 24 variants reported to cause SCCMS only two appear in the AChR δ‐subunit. We here report a 16‐year‐old patient harboring a novel δL273F mutation (δL294F in HGVS nomenclature) in the second transmembrane domain (M2) of the AChR δ subunit. Kinetic analyses with ACh and the weak agonist choline indicate that δL273F prolongs the channel opening bursts 9.4‐fold due to a 75‐fold increase in channel gating efficiency, whereas a previously identified εL269F mutation (εL289F in HGVS nomenclature) at an equivalent location in the AChR ε‐subunit prolongs channel opening bursts 4.4‐fold due to a 30‐fold increase in gating efficiency. Structural modeling of AChR predicts that inter‐helical hydrophobic interactions between the mutant residue in the δ and ε subunit and nearby M2 domain residues in neighboring α subunits contribute to structural stability of the open relative to the closed channel states.

Interpretation

The greater increase in gating efficiency by δL273F than by εL269F explains why δL273F has more severe clinical effects. Both δL273F and εL269F impair channel gating by disrupting hydrophobic interactions with neighboring α‐subunits. Differences in the extent of impairment of channel gating in δ and ε mutant receptors suggest unequal contributions of ε/α and δ/α subunit pairs to gating efficiency.
Ultrathin Organic Electrochemical Transistor with Nonvolatile and Thin Gel Electrolyte for Long‐Term Electrophysiological Monitoring
Authors: Lee Hyunjae , Lee Sunghoon , Lee Wonryung , Yokota Tomoyuki , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao
Published: September 2019

Skin‐based electrical‐signal monitoring is one of the basic and noninvasive diagnostic methods for observing vital signals that contain valuable information about the dynamic status of the inner body. Soft bioelectronic devices are developed for the acquisition of high‐quality biosignals by taking advantage of their inherent thin and soft bodies. Among these devices, the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is a promising local transducing amplifier because of its key advantages, such as low operating voltage, high transconductance, and biocompatibility. However, the transistor's direct electrolyte‐gated operation limits its ability to measure biosignals only when the electrolyte exists. Here, an ultrathin OECT‐based wearable electrophysiological sensor based on a thin (≈6 µm) and nonvolatile gel electrolyte is reported, which can operate on dry biological surfaces. This sensor can measure biopotentials with a high mechanical stability and high signal‐to‐noise ratio (24 dB) even from dry surfaces of the human body and also shows stable performance during long‐term continuous monitoring and multiple reuse in a test that lasted more than a week.
CD44‐Specific A6 Short Peptide Boosts Targetability and Anticancer Efficacy of Polymersomal Epirubicin to Orthotopic Human Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Gu Wenxing , An Jingnan , Meng Hao , Yu Na , Zhong Yinan , Meng Fenghua , Xu Yang , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Zhong Zhiyuan
Published: September 2019

Chemotherapy is widely used in the clinic though its benefits are controversial owing to low cancer specificity. Nanovehicles capable of selectively transporting drugs to cancer cells have been energetically pursued to remodel cancer treatment. However, no active targeting nanomedicines have succeeded in clinical translation to date, partly due to either modest targetability or complex fabrication. CD44‐specific A6 short peptide (KPSSPPEE) functionalized polymersomal epirubicin (A6‐PS‐EPI), which boosts targetability and anticancer efficacy toward human multiple myeloma (MM) in vivo, is described. A6‐PS‐EPI encapsulating 11 wt% EPI is small (≈55 nm), robust, reduction‐responsive, and easy to fabricate. Of note, A6 decoration markedly augments the uptake and anticancer activity of PS‐EPI in CD44‐overexpressing LP‐1 MM cells. A6‐PS‐EPI displays remarkable targeting ability to orthotopic LP‐1 MM, causing depleted bone damage and striking survival benefits compared to nontargeted PS‐EPI. Overall, A6‐PS‐EPI, as a simple and intelligent nanotherapeutic, demonstrates high potential for clinical translation.
Highly Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficiently Harvesting Raindrop Energy
Authors: Liu Xia , Yu Aifang , Qin Aimao , Zhai Junyi
Published: September 2019

The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) has promoted the harvesting of raindrop energy, which mainly includes the kinetic energy and electrostatic energy generated during the fall of raindrops. However, maximizing the use of such energy is quite challenging due to its fragmentary characteristics. A highly integrated TENG is developed that can efficiently collect raindrop energy. It consists of a saccular contact‐separation mode TENG (SCS‐TENG), a freestanding TENG with interdigitated electrodes (I‐TENG), and strip‐shaped I‐TENGs (SI‐TENG). At a water drop rate of 22 mL s−1, it demonstrates a striking increase with short‐circuit current of 95.4 µA and open‐circuit voltage of 42.2 V, whereas the output of single TENGs is only 8.1 µA/5.9 V (SI‐TENG), 75.1 µA/29.3 V (I‐TENG), and 9.1 µA/28.9 V (SCS‐TENG), respectively. Moreover, it can be used in self‐powered devices and as a rain alarm system. It not only provides a promising step toward the efficient collection of raindrop energy but also provides a new perspective for the research and development of self‐powered sensors based on rainfall.
Surface Polariton‐Like s‐Polarized Waveguide Modes in Switchable Dielectric Thin Films on Polar Crystals
Authors: Passler Nikolai Christian , Heßler Andreas , Wuttig Matthias , Taubner Thomas , Paarmann Alexander
Published: September 2019

Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), evanescent modes supported by media with negative permittivity, are a fundamental building block of nanophotonics. These modes are unmatched in terms of field enhancement and spatial confinement, and dynamical all‐optical control can be achieved, e.g., by employing phase‐change materials. However, the excitation of surface polaritons in planar structures is intrinsically limited to p‐polarization. On the contrary, waveguide modes in high‐permittivity films can couple to both p‐ and s‐polarized light, and in thin films, their confinement can become comparable to surface polaritons. Here, it is demonstrated that the s‐polarized waveguide mode in a thin Ge3Sb2Te6 (GST) film features a similar dispersion, confinement, and electric field enhancement as the SPhP mode of the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, while even expanding the allowed frequency range. Moreover, it is experimentally shown that switching the GST film grants nonvolatile control over the SPhP and the waveguide mode dispersions. An analytical model is provided for the description of the GST/SiC waveguide mode and it is shown that the concept is applicable to the broad variety of polar crystals throughout the infrared spectral range. As such, complementarily to the polarization‐limited surface polaritons, the s‐polarized waveguide mode constitutes a promising additional building block for nanophotonic applications.
High‐Performance All‐Inorganic Perovskite‐Quantum‐Dot‐Based Flexible Organic Phototransistor Memory with Architecture Design
Authors: Yang Huihuang , Liu Yaqian , Wu Xiaomin , Yan Yujie , Wang Xiumei , Lan Shuqiong , Zhang Guocheng , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang
Published: September 2019

A novel organic phototransistor memory (OPTM) with architecture design is fabricated with all‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as charge trapping layer. The novel architecture enables ultrashort channel length and vertical the charge transfer to effectively suppress both trapped carriers effect and interface effect, two key factors which impact photonic memory performance. Additionally, perovskite QDs are introduced to function as both the charge trapping layer and a UV‐light‐responsive material that emits visible light that can be subsequently absorbed by the active layer, leading to efficient utilization of UV light to generate trapped charges. OPTM exhibits excellent memory properties under significantly improved light conditions, which is superior to previous reports. Moreover, flexible OPTM exhibits excellent mechanical stability, which is associated with vertical charge transport that eliminates the effect of cracks and dislocations formed during bending. Furthermore, an OPTM array is fabricated, which can realize imaging and memory capability with long‐term retention performance and shows reproducibility under the electric erasing and reprogramming process. Hence, with this novel architecture, OPTM realizes light programming with a short time, low light intensity, and broadband photoresponse along with excellent memory performance, which has great potential for practical application, especially in the flexible electronics market.
Toward Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Materials Discovery
Authors: Mikulskis Paulius , Alexander Morgan R. , Winkler David Alan
Published: September 2019

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods for modeling useful materials properties are now important technologies for rational design and optimization of bespoke functional materials. Although these methods make good predictions of the properties of new materials, current modeling methods use efficient but rather arcane (difficult‐to‐interpret) mathematical features (descriptors) to characterize materials. Data‐driven ML models are considerably more useful if more chemically interpretable descriptors are used to train them, as long as these models also accurately recapitulate the properties of materials in training and test sets used to generate and validate the models. Herein, how a particular type of molecular fragment descriptor, the signature descriptor, achieves these joint aims of accuracy and interpretability is described. Seven different types of materials properties are modeled, and the performance of models generated from signature descriptors is compared with those generated by widely used Dragon descriptors. The key descriptors in the model represent functionalities that make chemical sense. Mapping these fragments back on to exemplar materials provides a useful guide to chemists wishing to modify promising lead materials to improve their properties. This is one of the first applications of signature descriptors to the modeling of complex materials properties.
Functionalization of Pentaphosphorus Cations by Complexation
Authors: Adhikari Anup K. , Ziegler Christoph G. P. , Schwedtmann Kai , Taube Clemens , Weigand Jan. J. , Wolf Robert
Published: September 2019

The chemistry of polyphosphorus cations has rapidly developed in recent years, but their coordination behavior has remained mostly unexplored. Herein, we describe the reactivity of [P5R2]+ cations with cyclopentadienyl metal complexes. The reaction of [CpArFe(μ‐Br)]2 (CpAr=C5(C6H4‐4‐Et)5) with [P5R2][GaCl4] (R=iPr and 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Mes)) afforded bicyclo[1.1.0]pentaphosphanes (1‐R, R=iPr and Mes), showing an unsymmetric “butterfly” structure. The same products 1‐R were formed from K[CpAr] and [P5R2][GaCl4]. The cationic complexes [CpArCo(η4‐P5R2)][GaCl4] (2‐R[GaCl4], R=iPr and Cy) and [(CpArNi)2(η3:3‐P5R2)][GaCl4] (3‐R[GaCl4]) were obtained from [P5R2][GaCl4] and [CpArM(μ‐Br)]2 (M=Co and Ni) as well as by using low‐valent “CpArMI” sources. Anion metathesis of 2‐R[GaCl4] and 3‐R[GaCl4] was achieved with Na[BArF24]. The P5 framework of the resulting salts 2‐R[BArF24] can be further functionalized with nucleophiles. Thus reactions with [Et4N]X (X=CN and Cl) give unprecedented cyano‐ and chloro‐functionalized complexes, while organo‐functionalization was achieved with CyMgCl.
Identifying Copper Vacancies and Their Role in the CuO Based Photocathode for Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Zhiliang , Zhang Lei , Schülli Tobias U. , Bai Yang , Monny Sabiha Akter , Du Aiju , Wang Lianzhou
Published: September 2019

Metal oxides are an important family of semiconductors for effective photoelectrodes in solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Defect engineering, such as modification of oxygen vacancy density, has been extensively applied in tailoring the optoelectric properties of photoelectrodes. Very limited attention has been paid to the influence of metal vacancies. Herein, we study metal vacancies in a typical CuO photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The Cu vacancies can improve the charge carrier concentration, and facilitate the charge separation and transfer in the CuO photocathode. By changing the O2 partial pressure, the density of Cu vacancies can be tuned, which leads to improved PEC performance. The CuO photocathode prepared in pure O2 exhibits a 100 % photocurrent increase compared to that prepared in air. The promotion effect of Cu vacancies on the PEC is also observed in other Cu based photocathodes, showing the generic role of metal vacancies in efficient photocathodes.
A Long‐Lived Azafullerenyl Radical Stabilized by Supramolecular Shielding with a [10]Cycloparaphenylene
Authors: Stergiou Anastasios , Rio Jérémy , Griwatz Jan H. , Arčon Denis , Wegner Hermann A. , Ewels Christopher P. , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: September 2019

A major handicap towards the exploitation of radicals is their inherent instability. In the paramagnetic azafullerenyl radical C59N., the unpaired electron is strongly localized next to the nitrogen atom, which induces dimerization to diamagnetic bis(azafullerene), (C59N)2. Conventional stabilization by introducing steric hindrance around the radical is inapplicable here because of the concave fullerene geometry. Instead, we developed an innovative radical shielding approach based on supramolecular complexation, exploiting the protection offered by a [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) nanobelt encircling the C59N. radical. Photoinduced radical generation is increased by a factor of 300. The EPR signal showing characteristic 14N hyperfine splitting of C59N.⊂ [10]CPP was traced even after several weeks, which corresponds to a lifetime increase of >108. The proposed approach can be generalized by tuning the diameter of the employed nanobelts, opening new avenues for the design and exploitation of radical fullerenes.
Multiple Anti‐Counterfeiting Guarantees from a Simple Tetraphenylethylene Derivative – High‐Contrasted and Multi‐State Mechanochromism and Photochromism
Authors: Huang Guangxi , Xia Qing , Huang Wenbin , Tian Jianwu , He Zikai , Li Bing Shi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2019

Herein the novel tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative 1 was designed with an integration of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), multi‐state mechanochromism and self‐recovery photochromism. The molecule was susceptible to grinding, heating and vapor fuming and showed corresponding transition of its emission colors. The heated powder or single crystal of 1 exhibited reversible photochromism. After a short period of UV irradiation, it showed a bright red color, but recovered to its original white appearance within 1 min. The photochromism is due to the formation of photocyclization intermediates upon UV irradiation, while the eversible mechanochromism is attributed to the weak molecular interactions derived from head‐to‐tail stacking of the molecules. This reversible multi‐state, high‐contrasted and rapid responsive mechanochromic and photochromic property cooperatively provide double enhancement of a multimode guarantee in advanced anti‐counterfeiting.