bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Roughness Factor of Tailwater Tunnel in a Hydropower Station Based on CFD Numerical Simulation
Authors: Ji Changzhi , Huang Minghui , Zhu Jun , Wang Ke , Jiang Hongjun , Shen Dehu , Chen Zhiyu
Published: December 2023

The tailwater tunnel of the power generation system is usually set in arched section, and its roughness factor is uncertain, but it is very important to the scale of the surge chamber and the safety and stability of the power station operation. Taking a tailwater tunnel of a giant power station as an example, a CFD numerical simulation calculation model was established by adopting 15 working conditions, including different flow and roughness height, and the relationship among roughness factor, frictional resistance coefficient, flow rate and surface roughness height changes of the tailwater tunnel was analyzed. The result shows that the frictional resistance coefficient and roughness factor increase with the increase of Reynolds number in the transition region, and tend to be stable with the increase of Reynolds number after entering the rough region. It is concluded that the tailwater tunnel of the hydropower station is operating in the transition region, and the recommended value of roughness factor is given, which can provide reference for the design scheme of similar projects.
Full Simulation and Catastrophe Mechanism of Landslide in Longpan Township
Authors: Xu Yong , Zhou Wenjiao , Zhang Yufang , Li Zhijun , Fan Jiawei , Cui Zhuangzhuang
Published: December 2023

In order to accurately analyze the deformation mechanism of the excavation-induced landslide, by using the methods of numerical simulation back analysis, this paper takes Longpanxiang landslide of Shangri-La to Lijiang Expressway as the research object, inverts the evolution process of Longpanxiang landslide disaster, explores the disaster-induced mechanisms of Longpanxiang landslide. By emphatically analyzing and researching on the stress relaxation characteristics, the maximum shear strain, and the change law of plastic zone during the slope excavation, it was found that the excavation and unloading of the cut slope produced obvious stress relaxation phenomenon, and the stress concentration mainly accumulated near the slope foot of the cut side and the middle and upper sliding surface. Under the action of continuous heavy rainfall, the shallow surface stress relaxation area of the excavated slope began to yield. Then, the corresponding sliding surface under the excavation slope gradually began to yield, and continuously pulled upward and expanded downward until it was connected, resulting in the sliding failure of the cut slope.
Groundwater Level Forecast for Muktsar District of Punjab: A Matlab Based Approach
Authors: Karmakar Saikat , Jain Ritesh Kumar , Garg Sunil
Published: December 2023

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources in to sustain the human habitat on earth. It serves us as the major source of drinking water as well as the fresh water resource to be utilized in agriculture and industries. Over the decades the groundwater pumping has been increased few fold and that is raising serious concern about the depth of groundwater level at different parts of earth. The south western Punjab is facing the problem of fluctuating groundwater table due to the heavy agricultural practices in this state. Our study focuses on the observation of change and prediction of groundwater table the in the Muktsar district of south west Punjab, based on the village wise collected well data. Curve fitting technique though MATLAB software has been taken into account for this purpose and it showed a increase in depth to groundwater table for all the four blocks of Muktsar district by 2025. The study highlights the need of raising awareness and establish new laws to ensure sustainable groundwater management in the study area to avoid the scarcity of groundwater in the near future.
Effect of Ceramic Waste and Lime in Road Sub-Base Layer
Authors: Deboucha S. , Ziani H. , Amriou A.
Published: December 2023

In this work, ceramic waste (CW), lime, and cement were used for the road sub-base layer. This new approach can eliminate the hazards related to inadvisable industrial waste disposal. To this end, various amounts of CW and hydraulic binder ranged from 5% to 15% and 2 to 6%, respectively. The addition of 5, 10, and 15% CW to the soil improves the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil. However, adding 2% to 6% lime to the mixes has a positive influence on connecting the soil particles. Moreover, the addition of CW waste and lime to the soil gave sufficient results in bearing capacity for both soaked and unsoked, which increased about 114% when we used 15% CW with 6% lime and 200% when we used 15% CW with 2% lime and 2% OPC. In terms of resistance, the results also showed that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased 13 times in soaked conditions and 77% in wet conditions. The addition of CW and hydraulic binder offers an enhanced solution for the stabilization of the sub-base layer as it allows for an increase in bearing capacity. Finally, the addition of CW and hydraulic binder can be used as stabilizers to correct the lower bearing capacity and unconfined compressive strength of the sub-base layer.
Reliability Analysis of Probability Density and Bearing Capacity of PHC Horizontal Load Test
Authors: Han Tao , Ye Chao , Ding Jihui , Ma Xingya , Yu Zenghui
Published: December 2023

Pre-stressed high-strength pipe piles (PHC) have become one of the widely used foundation treatment methods in soft soil foundations. Compared with the calculation of vertical bearing capacity, the design and calculation method of horizontal bearing capacity of PHC piles is much more complex, which brings great difficulties to the establishment of a horizontal reliability analysis model for foundation piles. This article is based on the results of 153 PHC horizontal load tests conducted on-site, and statistical analysis is conducted using the probability regression parameter method. The results show that the horizontal displacement values under various loads basically conform to normal or Logarithmic distribution; The Power function is used to fit the H-y curve under horizontal load, and the regression coefficient can be regarded as Normal distribution or lognormal distribution; On this basis, the relationship between the Factor of safety and reliability index (failure probability) of the PHC horizontal bearing capacity of the site and the allowable settlement is analyzed. With the increase of the allowable settlement, the PHC ultimate bearing capacity increases, the corresponding Factor of safety and reliability index increases, and the failure probability decreases; The variability of horizontal load and fitting regression parameters has a significant impact on the reliability index of PHC horizontal bearing capacity.
Research on Pedestrian-Specific Phase Control at Data-Driven T-Junction
Authors: Sun Yanming , Gao Minghao , Lu Xuhao
Published: December 2023

A delay estimation model is used in this article to derive the setting conditions for pedestrian dedicated phases. Based on the setting conditions of pedestrian dedicated phase, the feasibility of pedestrian dedicated phase at T-junction is verified. A pedestrian dedicated phase intelligent control system for predicting pedestrian vehicle interaction is proposed, calculate the phases dedicated to pedestrians for different traffic flows and the feasibility of the intelligent pedestrian dedicated phase system is verified with microscopic simulation models. The results obtained from comparative analysis indicate that setting pedestrian dedicated phases can reduce intersection delay and enhance intersection capacity; the pedestrian dedicated phases under different timing schemes correspond to various traffic flow scenarios; and when setting pedestrian specific phases in different scenarios, it is necessary to adjust the phase duration based on the flow of people and vehicles, so as to obtain the optimal signal timing.
Numerical Simulation of Vertical Prestress Loss of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Xu Wenyu , Zhou Yanqun , Yu Jia
Published: December 2023

In the concrete box girder bridge, the concrete is a brittle material, with low ultimate tensile strength and small ultimate tensile deformation. Because the box girder itself is a statically indeterminate structure, the concrete in the tensile zone is very prone to crack due to the load during construction and use. In this paper, the vertical prestress loss of prestressed concrete box girder bridge based on improved genetic algorithm is studied. The research shows that the stress generated by the additional bending moment at the center of the prestressed reinforcement reaches the ultimate axial compressive stress of 0.5%–3.4%, of which the vertical prestress of 3M near the midspan reaches 3.4%; The fixed end reaches 1.3%–8%, of which the vertical prestress of 3M near the middle of the span reaches 8%. When the vertical tendons are tensioned in batches by improved genetic algorithm, the influence range of the vertical prestressed tendons under the condition of different web height thickness ratio and the influence of the change of the height thickness ratio on the loss rate of the tendons are obtained. Using prestressed concrete structure through improved genetic algorithm is more durable in practice. Reinforced concrete has been subjected to large stress, which is equivalent to a strength test. To some extent, its safety is more worthy of affirmation.
Research on Dynamic Response of Asphalt Pavement in Long Longitudinal Slope Sections
Authors: Jia Fei , Bai Song , Xiao Han , Zhao Xiang , Wang Xuanming , Gao Kun
Published: December 2023

For understanding the mechanical behavior of asphalt pavement in the long slope section, this study focuses on the dynamic response of asphalt pavement both considering the horizontal and vertical vehicle load. Firstly, a theoretical model of asphalt pavement was built considering the interface bonding conditions under vertical and horizontal vehicle loads. Then, the performance of the interface bonding between the asphalt layer and the base course layer was presented by a transformation matrix. At last, the analytical expression and numerical solution of the dynamic response in the pavement were obtained by Hankel-Laplace integral transformation. The results of the practical example show that horizontal vehicle load increases the stress on the pavement and affects the distribution of the stress. The bond strength between the asphalt surface layer and the base layer is an important factor affecting the dynamic response of the long longitudinal slope asphalt pavement.
Study of the Impact Force of a Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Under Vessel Collision
Authors: Luo Tingyi , Tao Liang , Tang Yasen
Published: December 2023

The safety of bridges spanning navigable waterways is threatened by potential vessel collisions. Assessing the impact force serves as a crucial parameter in guiding bridge design for collision resistance. However, existing standards such as the AASHTO, European codes, and Chinese regulations yield significantly divergent peak impact force calculations due to the multitude of influencing factors. Therefore, this study employs a high-fidelity finite element approach and a realistic bridge model to compute the peak impact force. The model encompasses various real vessel configurations, including single and flotilla arrangements, while accounting for differences in tonnage and velocity. Based on the numerical results, an alternative method was proposed to calculate the peak impact force, and the proposed method is accurate in predicting the peak impact force of a bridge under a vessel collision. The outcomes of this study contribute to the design strategies for a bridge against both single and flotilla vessel collisions.
A Conjugate Gradient Algorithm Based on Cable-Stayed Bridges Model for Nonconvex Minimization
Authors: Lin Guangtai , Zhou Wen , Qin Minyao , Wu Yulun , Yuan Gonglin , Ouyang Chen
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the optimization problem of cable force in the construction phase of single-tower cable-stayed bridges, transforming it into an unconstrained problem that aims to control the vertical displacement of main beam nodes and the horizontal displacement of tower nodes. By introducing penalty terms, the constrained optimization problem is converted into an unconstrained one. The conjugate gradient algorithm is adopted to solve the unconstrained problem due to its simplicity, low storage requirement, and effectiveness in various engineering applications such as image restoration and financial modeling. However, under the Wolfe-Powell inexact line search, the global convergence of this algorithm usually depends on a Lipschitz continuity condition for convex/nonconvex functions. This paper investigates whether this condition can be relaxed, and analyzes the direction suggested by Yuan and Zhang (JCAM, 2005) for unconstrained problems. The paper features a designed conjugate gradient algorithm, iteration directions that guarantee sufficient descent and trust region properties, and proof of global convergence without the Lipschitz continuity condition. Numerical experiments are performed for optimization problems, image restoration, and the Muskingum model.
Research on the Design of Long Span Prestressed Bridge Piers
Authors: Yu Jiang , Xu Hongtao
Published: December 2023

In highway construction, when designing roads intersecting with existing roads at acute angles or running parallel over extensive distances, conventional single-span solutions become impractical for spanning the intersecting roads. As a solution to meet the requirements of bridge span in such scenarios, this study focuses on the design of prestressed framed bridge piers. The research delves into several aspects of prestressed framed bridge pier design, encompassing the overall structural layout, prestressed cap beam design, and cap beam-to-pier connection types. The study yields the following conclusions: (1) For framed piers, the rational structural forms include the length of the cap beam, the position and number of pier columns (two-column, three-column, or multiple columns), and whether the pier is rigidly connected to the cap beam or hinged. Additionally, the dimensions of the cap beam and pier columns, as well as the arrangement of the pier-column-to-beam connections, should be taken into consideration. (2) When using prestressed steel tendons for the bent cap beam, if the bent cap beam is poured with a single drop, a full-length bundle should be selected. If segmented pouring is used, short bundles can be used. (3) Special attention is warranted for the influence of the stiffness of the substructure foundation on the structural behavior. Temperature loads can induce bending moments and prestress secondary moments, with their magnitudes significantly influenced by the stiffness of the foundation.
The Compilation and Research of Highway Engineering Cost Indicator and Cost Index
Authors: Yu Jin
Published: December 2023

Based on the theoretical analysis of cost indicators and cost indexes, the compilation method of cost indicators and cost indexes suitable for China is studied, and the compilation methods of cost indicators and cost indexes based on LASSO and central approximation GM are proposed. LASSO is used to establish a comprehensive cost index model. The cost index model is established using the central approximation GM (1,1). Using the relevant data on highway construction costs in Guangzhou in recent years as the data source, and comparing the model prediction values with the actual values, it was found that the majority of the cost index calculation errors are controlled within ±10%. The trend of the cost index and the actual cost index are basically consistent and the error is within a reasonable range, which verifies the feasibility of the prediction model in engineering practice. It provides a reference basis for highway cost control and investment decisions in China.
Study on Smoke Spread of Fire in Subway Interchange Station
Authors: Liu Zhaohui , Han Jinxin , Sun Xiaolin
Published: December 2023

As a crowded area with little underground space, when a fire breaks out at the platform level, smoke will travel up the stairwell to the concourse level, greatly jeopardizing the safety of the staff. A three-level subway interchange station in Qingdao is used as an example, and using the fire dynamics numerical simulation software FDS, it is examined how the smoke barrier, air curtain jet velocity, and mechanical smoke exhaust affect the spread of fire smoke in the event of a fire in the resting area of the negative third floor. The risk factor on the right side of the fire platform is larger than that on the left side of the platform, according to a comparison of temperature, CO concentration, and visibility changes caused by smoke spreading at the fire platform level. When the air curtain’s jet wind speed is set at 4 to 6 m/s under the same action as the smoke barrier, it can better limit the spread of smoke.
Study on Reinforcement Characteristics of Circular Anchor Anti-Slide Pile in Complex Geological Slope
Authors: Wei Jiaxu , Wan Junli , Zhou Wenjiao , Jian Xiaohua
Published: December 2023

Anti-slide pile is one of the commonly used means in landslide disease control. It is widely recognized. However, there are problems such as long construction period and large safety hazards, and improving circular anti-slide piles can solve the above problems. Taking a highway slope in Yunnan as an example, the reinforcement characteristics are studied of circular anti-slide pile. The model test results show that the bending moment variation of quadrate pile and circular pile is similar, but the maximum bending moment of quadrate pile is large, and the positive and negative fluctuation of bending moment is large. The load concentration of quadrate pile fluctuates greatly and the maximum value is greater than that of circular pile. The displacement of quadrate pile and circular pile changes similarly with the increase of landslide thrust, but the damage degree of quadrate pile is greater than that of circular pile when the landslide thrust is large. The field monitoring results show that the circular anchor cable anti-slide pile can increase the anti-sliding friction resistance and reduce the deformation, which is suitable for slopes with different geological characteristics.
Stability Analysis of Slope Induced with Coal Ash Dykes
Authors: Roshan Prateek , Meena Rahul Kumar , Paswan Abhishek Prakash
Published: December 2023

Safe disposal of coal ash slurry is a primary concern of the environment owing to the bulk generation of ash in industries, especially in any developing country. Generally, it is observed that the generated coal ash waste is disposed of into the ash ponds as slurry. Ash dyke breaches may inundate the surrounding area with toxic ash slurry, thus inducing a high environmental hazard. This article presents a study on the slope stability of ash dyke structures for different geometries, which may be constructed of various materials and are subjected to varied seepage conditions. The present analysis compares different dyke erection methodologies, namely the upstream method, centreline method and downstream method. Numerical analysis is performed using Geostudio Slope/w software. The study found that ash dyke safety increases when the dyke structures are designed with adequate drainage. Further, from this study, it can be concluded that the dyke stability not only depends on the geotechnical properties of the ash material used in its construction but also on the design of the dyke, the method of erection and the seepage through the dyke.
Boosting Biogasification of Urban Wastewater Sludge Using Water Hyacinth
Authors: Anaokar G.S. , Khambete A.K. , Christian R.A.
Published: December 2023

The haphazard growth of water hyacinth covering the surface water bodies is one of the leading challenges as causes to diminish portability of water sources and distracts concern ecosystem. Several attempts have been implemented for industrial wastewater treatment by phytoremediation using water hyacinth. Urban wastewater as it holds large amount of organic load, proved as a good biogas generator. While biogasification of municipal waste water, pretreatments like dewatering and enriching with nitrifiable components are essentially adopted to fetch maximum yield. A research work was carried out to find significance of water hyacinth in the biogasification of urban wastewater. Water hyacinth in shredded form was blended in different proportions with urban wastewater sludge and allowed for digestion in semi batch reactor. Biogas generation was monitored through consumed chemical oxygen demand. More the presence of water hyacinth, more biogas found generated. The maturation period was found lowest of 9 days at 40% addition which increased to 13 days at 60%. The sludge of 40% hyacinth found good fuel due to less carbon percentage.
Comparative Study on Membrane Concentration of Desulfurization Wastewater by Traditional Pretreatment Process and Ceramic Membrane Process
Authors: Cao Hongmei , Pang Li , Han Song , Guo Bingchuan , Han Bin , Li Haidong , Wu Zhongjie
Published: December 2023

According to the current zero-discharge requirements for wastewater in the power industry, based on the widely used membrane concentration technology, a pilot process for pretreatment of desulfurization wastewater is established at the Huaneng Yunhe Power Plant. The desulfurization wastewater from the triple-tank outlet is dealt with the ceramic membrane filtration or quartz sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, and tubular ultrafiltration respectively, the results prove that the ceramic membrane process can substitute the traditional quartz sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, and tubular ultrafiltration process, which not only can significantly reduce the construction scale and floor area, but also reduce the treatment costs per ton of water. At the same time, aiming to reuse desulfurization wastewater, a higher water recovery rate is obtained by the ceramic membrane process, and the anti-pollution performance of the ceramic membrane is better. Therefore, pretreating desulfurization wastewater through a ceramic membrane is a more reasonable pretreatment process.
Analysis on Adsorption Kinetics and Mechanism of Glyphosate Adsorption of Magnetic Cationic Cyclodextrin-Based Composites
Authors: Li Junyi
Published: December 2023

In order to effectively remove glyphosate (GP) from water, the magnetic cationic cyclodextrin-based composite (CDN-CH) was prepared by binary monomer copolymerization by using the chain extension-based method. GP adsorption of CDN-CH increased rapidly within 1 hour, reaching up to 96.6% of the saturated adsorption capacity. The analysis on adsorption kinetics and its mechanism showed that GP adsorption of CDN-CH was mainly dominated by physical adsorption and chemisorption based on chemosynthetic bonding forces. Major active ingredients in CDN-CH include the cationic group –[N+(CH3)3] and main structure of cyclodextrin, both of which may rely on the dual action of electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonds.
Laying Penetrating Uniformity Test for Pasted Gravel Filter Level Under the Condition
Authors: He Jibin , Zhao Yujun , Feng Jianyue , Li Xiaojie , He Jin
Published: December 2023

Based on horizontal well vertical to the underground reservoir fluid flow approximation level way wells length distance is paved on the reservoir, can obtain the confluence area and capacity several times or even several times larger than the vertical wells, the hot extraction and penetration of injection of research at home and abroad. The gravel pasted filter horizontal seepage problems under the condition of laying the horizontal well with physical gravel filter seepage flow uniformity simulation test, the seepage flow deviation rate, flow rate distribution uniformity and the working head pressure of horizontal well pipe, critical working head pressure and the two parameters of the same 0.05MPa the thought of horizontal well seepage flow distribution characteristics and working head pressure is highly linear correlation, and proves that the “congruence” theory as the boundary condition on the horizontal pipe seepage analysis and calculation, with large error does not tally with the actual situation.
Quick Evaluation Table for Safety of Spoil Ground Slope in Mountainous Complex Geological Environments
Authors: Yang Yuanxiang , Zhang Yuguang , Teng Zimeng , Liu Pin , Qiao Lan
Published: December 2023

As the strength of road construction gradually increases and road networks tend to improve in mountainous areas, the safety of spoil ground slope has become an ecological and environmental problem that cannot be ignored. At present, especially under the dual control of basic farmland and ecological red lines, it is quite difficult to design a suitable spoil ground to meet construction needs. Spoil grounds are often overfilled. At present, safety evaluation is mainly conducted through field investigations and indoor calculations, which takes a longer time. It is extremely necessary to conduct quick safety evaluation and hazard mitigation on the spoil ground slope. Based on the data collection method, investigation and case study method and expert evaluation method, this paper establishes 18 evaluation indicators closely related to the safety of spoil ground slopes and assigns empowerments, forming a quick evaluation table for the safety of spoil ground slopes, and applies the table to the spoil ground slope on the Guiyang Huaxi-Anshun Expressway. The evaluation results indicate that the risk classification of the slope under normal conditions is high risk, while under rainfall conditions is extremely high risk. After slope stability calculation and comparison with the actual situation, the results are consistent, which indicate this quick evaluation table is suitable for safety evaluation of spoil ground slope.
Abundance, Characterization, Understanding Water Quality Degradation and Strategies for Pollutant Reduction in Mahanadi River Basin, Odisha
Authors: Das Abhijeet
Published: December 2023

The open dumpsite is frequently chosen as the trash disposal option in most emerging economies, yet it poses serious environmental risks. Mahanadi River Basin (MRB) is one of Odisha’s most heavily populated by agriculture and drinking, particularly for human consumption and farming. It faces severe surface water quality and quantity constraints. Water assessment indices such as Criteria Importance through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) and MCDM techniques like Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) have been employed in the evaluation of water quality for human use, using integrated techniques. The study focuses on 20 water quality parameters taken from 19 stations over a period of 2021–2023 and compared them with the World Health Organizations (WHO). To investigate the spatial distribution maps of all approaches, the geo-spatial tools (IDW method) were considered. Coliform and TKN concentration mostly responsible for the high index scores in all locations. From the findings of CWQI, it has been determined that higher water quality is found to be 84.21% and a value of 15.79% belonging to poor/extremely poor category. MCDMs like COPRAS has been utilized for ranking evaluation, which shows that the highest rating provided for each period, that would cite the sampling location with the highest pollution. For instance, S-9 was found to as most polluted site because of elevated degree of certain parameters containing SO42-, SAR, EC, Cl-, TKN, TDS, TH and TC. Based on the results, it is evident that deterioration in water quality is mostly correlated with population growth, urbanization, industry, agricultural output, and the growth of ecotourism and hospitality in high areas close to the source areas. This study’s uniqueness showed how to use water quality index methods to gauge or comprehend the quality of river water, and it seemed to hold promise for the future of water quality management.
Experimental Study on the Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel/PODEn Blends
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Zheng Wenxiu , Cheng Peiyuan , Niu Tianlin , Li Ting
Published: December 2023

To study the effects of diesel fuel blended with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) on the emission characteristics of a diesel engine, relevant tests were conducted on a Yunnei Power 2102QB diesel engine. The PODEn were blended with diesel fuel at four different ratios (mass fractions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%). Results showed that the addition of PODEn improved the emissions of HC, CO and smoke effectively. With an increase of PODEn blending ratio, the NOx emission increased gradually, with the maximum increase of 35.3% at the speed of 1500 r/min. The NOx emission of the PODEn/diesel blended fuel should be improved by using EGR or exhaust post-processing device. The HC and CO emissions decreased significantly, with the maximum reduction of 60.1% and 85.2%, respectively. The smoke emission was improved significantly by blending PODEn at various conditions. At high load conditions, the opacity could be reduced by more than 50% when the PODEn blending ratio was 20%.
Application of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Technology in Territorial Spatial Planning
Authors: Pu Yu , Li Liang , Li Ruobing , Ma Zhongjian , Cui Di , Xie Wenpei , Zhai Hongting , Zhang Qingrui
Published: December 2023

Territorial spatial planning is the guide for national spatial development, the spatial blueprint for sustainable development, and the basic basis for various development, protection, and construction activities. With the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, big data processing technology has also begun to integrate these technologies. These technologies can make big data processing more intelligent and automated, thereby providing more value for enterprises and individuals. Space-time big data technology is playing an increasingly important role in land planning. It is becoming a consensus to carry out “accurate planning” by means of big data. However, how to obtain data and how to convert huge data into values and charts that can be used directly are still difficult problems. This paper takes the traffic planning research of Jinan City as an example. By continuously collecting traffic flow pictures of Internet maps for one month, using big data analysis technology to extract effective information, and using R language and ArcGIS to carry out time-space analysis, it provides theoretical support for the preparation of land spatial planning with multiple regulations.
Optimization of Local Joint Design for Cup-Type Angle Steel Transmission Tower
Authors: Liang Hao , Yan Xiuqing , Liu Chang
Published: December 2023

In ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission projects, the design of transmission tower joints is rather conservative to ensure structural safety, which results in transmission tower joints usually with large steel consumption and high construction costs. To address this problem, this paper optimizes the design of key joints of cup-type angle steel transmission towers. To start with, the numerical simulation model of the crank arm joint of the transmission tower is established; secondly, the stress state of the joint is analyzed; on this basis, a corresponding design optimization project is proposed, and the performance of the optimized joint is analyzed. Results show that in current design, load on the angle steel at joint is mainly transferred from bolts to external steel plates, while the remaining members are less involved in loading transfer; with the proposed optimized design, the structure is simplified, steel waste is avoided, and the economy of the structure is improved. Research results can provide a theoretical basis for improving technical level and efficiency of transmission project construction.
The Fatigue Analysis Method of Offshore Wind Turbine Considering Correlation Between Wind and Wave Loads
Authors: Wu Sifeng , Li Huapeng , Ying Yuchen , Zhang Meng , Ma Fuxuan , Liu Hongbing
Published: December 2023

The frequency-domain fatigue assessment methods of offshore wind turbine support structure do not consider the correlation between various loads, which will reduce the accuracy of fatigue assessment. This study provided a frequency-domain fatigue analysis method considering the correlation between wind and wave loads in order to improve the precision of fatigue analysis of offshore wind turbine foundation under wind and wave loads, in which the spectral density of stress is combined based on the theory of multi-input linear systems. A stationary stochastic process can be decomposed into a linear superposition of several typical stationary processes. Therefore, the total stress spectral density function can be determined from the auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions of several stress components. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified and the results are compared with the structural damage derived from damage combination methods and the spectrum superposition method of principal stress. The investigation results show that the proposed method is more accurate.
Investigation on Electromagnetic Shielding System of Indoor Air-Core Reactor Using Multi-Parameter Variable Optimization
Authors: Xie Hongping , Chen Zhe
Published: December 2023

In order to solve the problem of serious electromagnetic pollution and metal equipment heating around the indoor air-core reactor due to its magnetic leakage, this paper adopts the ANSYS finite element simulation platform to carry out three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling of the indoor air-core reactor and its surrounding facilities and the house structure of the 500kV substation, and installs shielding plates on the top of the house. By optimizing and analyzing multi-parameter variables such as the material, thickness, and gap width of the shielding body, a system was developed to improve the electromagnetic environment around the indoor reactor. Simulation results show that: in the steel beam above the installation of 3mm thickness aluminum plate overlap into the shielding plate, can effectively reduce the magnetic induction intensity of the steel structure of the house. Temperature variation of the reactor during operation meets the insulation heat resistance class required for air-core reactor. The temperature of the edge section of the shielding device is high, the maximum point is 53.26°C, and the average temperature of the surrounding building facilities rises by about 5∼10°C, which satisfies the standards for safe operation.
NARIO: An Ontology for Autonomic Management of Smart Substations
Authors: Hua Xiong , Tong Yang , Fei Tengjiao , Yang Jianxu , Zhou Qianru
Published: December 2023

The NARI Grid Power Research Institute proposed an ontology for substation management – NARI Ontology (NARIO). The key function of a smart power grid replies on intelligent autonomic substation management, however, current substation management system lacks global orchestration, and the topology analysis methodologies used are domain specific and expensive both in time and storage. This paper proposes a formal ontology for the autonomic substations management in smart power grids, NARIO, by leveraging the existing industry ontologies and best practices. We view the resource of substations in a smart grid from three perspectives, namely, Device, Wire, and Interval. An prototype system implementing NARIO for autonomic substation management is developed in Python, with the rules written in hybrid SPARQL and Prolog. It has been evaluated in a real-life substation in Anhui, China. From the evaluation results presented, it is evident that the proposed NARIO can provide feasible and efficient topology analysis, orchestrating over the entire smart grid, with average query execution time over- head as low as around 0.05 seconds.
Analysis of Shoreline Changes and Erosion and Sedimentation Patterns in Boujagh National Park Using Landsat Satellite Imagery
Authors: Alemi Safaval Payam , Azizi Zahra , Stefanakis Alexandros , Neshaei S. Ahmad , Kheirkhah Zarkesh Masoud , Mirzapour Salar
Published: December 2023

Boujagh National Park, situated on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, is the first National marine-land park in Iran. The Park encompasses a delta formed at the mouth of the Sefidroud River and includes two significant wetlands: Kiashehr International Lagoon, a Ramsar Convention registered site, on the east side, and Boujagh Wetland on the west side. The continuous interaction between marine and terrestrial forces significantly impacts this crucial ecosystem. This study aims to investigate the morphological changes along the coastline and estimate erosion and sedimentation within the sand belt of Boujagh National Park. The methodology employed involves utilizing unsupervised classification algorithms on Landsat satellite images from 2001 and 2019. Following unsupervised classification, the beach class was identified, and a comparison was made between two distinct beaches by drawing 81 transects. Subsequently, by connecting these two beaches from 2001 to 2019, eroded and sedimented areas were determined. The findings reveal that the central part of the delta experienced erosion with an area of 72.6 hectares at its head, while both sides of the delta encountered sedimentation spanning from west to east with areas measuring 85.67 hectares and 128.92 hectares respectively.
Development of Safety Design Technologies for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Coupled to Thermal Energy Storage System with Sodium-Molten Salt Heat Exchanger
Authors: Yamano Hidemasa , Kurisaka Kenichi , Takano Kazuya , Kikuchi Shin , Kondo Toshiki , Umeda Ryota , Shirakura Shota , Hayashi Masaaki
Published: December 2023

Next-generation innovative reactors have a new value of their flexibility with variable renewable energy. A sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) can make flexibility by coupling a thermal energy storage (TES) system with molten salt. New challenges for the SFR coupled with TES are to develop a safety design approach and a heat exchanger (HX) between sodium and molten salt. On that account, since 2022, a three-year project has been performed to develop 1) a safety design approach and risk assessment methodology of the SFR with TES, 2) a performance evaluation technology of an HX between sodium and molten salt, and proposal of heat transfer improvement measures, and 3) an evaluation technology of chemical reaction characteristics between sodium and molten salt, and proposal of safety improvement measures. This paper describes the project overview and recent progress. For 1), this study investigated the record of operation and incidents or troubles of a TES system that uses molten salt as a heat storage medium for concentrating solar thermal power generation, which includes about 50 commercial facilities. These data could serve as a reliability database for risk assessment. For 2), this study selected a straight shell-and-tube type HX as a result of investigating several types of HXs. Using the intermediate HX of the experimental SFR in Japan as a reference, the heat transfer performance of the HX was evaluated by a simple method. This study developed the most promising HX type by improving the heat transfer performance with parameters of heat transfer tube diameter, heat transfer tube pitch ratio, heat transfer tube material change, primary side/secondary side replacement, and cross flow. For 3), this study preliminarily evaluated the chemical reaction characteristics using an equilibrium phase diagram with thermodynamic equilibrium calculation software. No database for the reaction of nitric acid molten salt and sodium was confirmed, so that a basic reaction experiment is necessary. This study prepared a glove box and reagents in 2022, and a thermal analysis-related equipment is also introduced in 2023.
Analysis and Calculation of Energy Supply Capacity of Micro Energy Grid Considering Natural Gas Systems and Renewable Energy
Authors: Jiang Guodong , Han Tao , Du Hongwei , Xia Dong , Huang Chenxi , Zhang Beibei
Published: December 2023

Firstly, this paper proposes the definition and characteristics of micro energy networks, and describes the transformation and construction purposes of various energy forms in micro energy networks. We have established mathematical models for various forms of energy, including wind power, photovoltaic, natural gas, and electrical energy storage. We have established a mathematical model for the energy hub matrix, which provides a computational basis for the transformation of various forms of energy. Then, based on the previous research, an optimization function for the maximum of energy supply capacity of micro energy networks was proposed, which is a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved. Finally, based on a project example in China, calculations and analysis were conducted, and conclusions and suggestions were drawn.
The Importance of Intermediate Factors
Authors: Canavotto Ilaria , Horty John
Published: December 2023

Bench-Capon argues that intermediate factors have no role to play in precedential constraint. We offer a constrasting perspective.
Improving Rationales with Small, Inconsistent and Incomplete Data
Authors: Steging Cor , Renooij Silja , Verheij Bart
Published: December 2023

Data-driven AI systems can make the right decisions for the wrong reasons, which can lead to irresponsible behavior. The rationale of such machine learning models can be evaluated and improved using a previously introduced hybrid method. This method, however, was tested using synthetic data under ideal circumstances, whereas labelled datasets in the legal domain are usually relatively small and often contain missing facts or inconsistencies. In this paper, we therefore investigate rationales under such imperfect conditions. We apply the hybrid method to machine learning models that are trained on court cases, generated from a structured representation of Article 6 of the ECHR, as designed by legal experts. We first evaluate the rationale of our models, and then improve it by creating tailored training datasets. We show that applying the rationale evaluation and improvement method can yield relevant improvements in terms of both performance and soundness of rationale, even under imperfect conditions.
Evaluating Methods for Setting a Prior Probability of Guilt
Authors: van Leeuwen Ludi , Verheij Bart , Verbrugge Rineke , Renooij Silja
Published: December 2023

One way of reasoning with uncertainties in the context of law is to use probabilities. However, methods for reasoning about the probability of guilt in a court case requires us to specify a prior probability of guilt, which is the probability of guilt before any evidence is known. There is no accepted approach for specifying the prior probability of guilt but multiple solutions have been proposed. In this paper, we consider three approaches: a prior that is based on the population, a prior based on the number of agents that have similar opportunity as the suspect and a prior that represents a legal norm. For comparing and evaluating the approaches, we use an agent-based model as a ground truth in which all probabilities are known. With the data generated in the ground truth model, we investigate how the choice of prior influences the posterior probability of guilt for both guilty and innocent agents. Using a decision threshold, we can determine the effect of the three approaches on the rates of correct and incorrect convictions and acquittals. We find that the opportunity prior results in higher rates of both correct convictions and false convictions and requires more assumptions and access to data and knowledge than the legal prior and population prior.
On Legal Teleological Reasoning
Authors: Wyner Adam , Zurek Tomasz
Published: December 2023

Given a common pool of facts and legal rules, Judges on a panel may form different justifications for decisions, which are then voted upon. It is clear that a Judge’s personal values and purposes play in developing their opinion, which is a form of teleological reasoning. The paper introduces the Value-based Formal Reasoning (VFR) framework, which describes how a Judge’s personal values can be used in the construction of a justification for a decision.
Deontics and Time in Contracts: An Executable Semantics for the L4 DSL
Authors: Watt Seng Joe , Goodenough Oliver , Wong Meng Weng
Published: December 2023

Existing approaches to modelling contracts often rely on deontic logic to reason about norms, and only treat time qualitatively. Using L4, a textual domain specific language (DSL) for the law, we offer a more operational interpretation of norms, based on states and transitions, that also accounts for the granular timing of events. In this paper, we present a higher-level rendering of the loan agreement from Flood & Goodenough in L4, and an accompanying operational semantics amenable to execution and static analysis. We also implement this semantics in Maude and show how this lets us visualize the execution of the loan agreement.
Insurance Portfolio Analysis as Containment Testing
Authors: Carlson Preston , Genesereth Michael
Published: December 2023

Insurance Portfolio Analysis (IPA) is the process of comparing multiple, potentially overlapping insurance portfolios with an eye to detecting and characterizing redundancies and gaps in coverage. Unfortunately, insurees usually do not have the time or patience to compare policies from multiple insurance providers, and they often do not have the legal background needed to understand the complex legal wording of the contracts associated with those policies. Past work has shown that, by encoding policies as logic programs, it is possible to automatically determine compliance of specific claims with a policy’s terms and conditions. In this paper, we show that it is also possible to automatically analyze multiple-policy portfolios for gaps and redundancies by assessing coverage over multiple hypothetical claims. We formalize the process of IPA and show how to use well-studied techniques for logic program containment testing to automate the process.
Harnessing GPT-3.5-Turbo for Rhetorical Role Prediction in Legal Cases
Authors: Belfathi Anas , Hernandez Nicolas , Monceaux Laura
Published: December 2023

We propose a comprehensive study of one-stage elicitation techniques for querying a large pre-trained generative transformer (GPT-3.5-turbo) in the rhetorical role prediction task of legal cases. This task is known as requiring textual context to be addressed. Our study explores strategies such as zero-few shots, task specification with definitions and clarification of annotation ambiguities, textual context and reasoning with general prompts and specific questions. We show that the number of examples, the definition of labels, the presentation of the (labelled) textual context and specific questions about this context have a positive influence on the performance of the model. Given non-equivalent test set configurations, we observed that prompting with a few labelled examples from direct context can lead the model to a better performance than a supervised fined-tuned multi-class classifier based on the BERT encoder (weighted F1 score of ≈72%). But there is still a gap to reach the performance of the best systems ≈86%) in the LegalEval 2023 task which, on the other hand, require dedicated resources, architectures and training.
Giving Examples Instead of Answering Questions: Introducing Legal Concept-Example Systems
Authors: Libal Tomer , Smywiński-Pohl Aleksander
Published: December 2023

Question-Answering Systems (QASs) have seen a big development in recent years and various attempts have been made to extend them to the legal domain. Nevertheless, the needs and methodology of legal research relies often less on getting answers and more on finding positive and negative examples for certain legal concepts. In this paper, we introduce a sub-category within QASs that focuses on such legal tasks and design a methodology for the automated production of such systems.