bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting Communities in Complex Networks Using an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm and Node Similarity-Based Encoding
Authors: Hesamipour Sajjad , Balafar Mohammad Ali , Mousazadeh Saeed
Published: February 2023

Detecting communities in complex networks can shed light on the essential characteristics and functions of the modeled phenomena. This topic has attracted researchers from both academia and industry. Among different community detection methods, genetic algorithms (GAs) have become popular. Considering the drawbacks of the currently used locus-based and solution-vector-based encodings to represent the individuals, in this article, we propose (1) a new node similarity-based encoding method, MST-based encoding, to represent a network partition as an individual, which can avoid the shortcomings of the previous encoding schemes. Then, we propose (2) a new adaptive genetic algorithm for the purpose of detecting communities in networks, along with (3) a new initial population generation function to improve the convergence time of the algorithm, and (4) a new sine-based adaptive mutation function which adjusts the mutations according to the improvement in the fitness value of the best individual in the population pool. The proposed method combines the similarity-based and modularity-optimization-based approaches to find communities in complex networks in an evolutionary framework. Besides the fact that the proposed encoding can avoid meaningless mutations or disconnected communities, we show that the new initial population generation function and the new adaptive mutation function can improve the convergence time of the algorithm. Several experiments and comparisons were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method using modularity and NMI measures on both real-world and synthetic datasets. The results show that the proposed method can find the communities in a significantly shorter time than other GAs while reaching a better trade-off in the different measures.
Cluster‐Based Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization and Application for Chemical Plants
Authors: Hong Seokyoung , Lee Jaewon , Cho Hyungtae , Jang Kyojin , Kim Junghwan
Published: February 2023

In multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), the global‐best particle is randomly selected for each population particle from a nondominated solution set. However, this Roulette wheel‐based global particle selection is ineffective for convergence and diversity when the problem has numerous decision variables or a large number of global‐best candidates. Thus, this study proposes the cluster‐based MOPSO (CMOPSO). In CMOPSO, the similarities between particles are considered when selecting the global‐best particle. The cluster for each particle is determined based on the Euclidean distance in the decision or objective space. The proposed approach is demonstrated by applying an operating condition optimization problem to the hydrogen production process. The target process is a representative chemical plant with a large search space and strong nonlinearity. Furthermore, the performance of CMOPSO is assessed by comparing it with that of MOPSO. The results indicate that CMOPSO considered in the decision space exhibits superior performance in terms of convergence and diversity.
Primary MRSA Myositis Mimicking Septic Arthritis
Authors: Abu-Abaa Mohammad , Pulikeyil Amy , Arshad Hassaan , Goldsmith Daniel
Published: February 2023

As the incidence of bacterial myositis and pyomyositis in the United States is rising, we aim to highlight the presentation of bacterial myositis which is known as a great imitator in tropical regions. This is a case report of a 61-year-old female patient with poorly controlled diabetes who presented initially with lateral hip pain and tenderness. This was initially believed to be septic arthritis and warranted arthrocentesis. What makes this case interesting is that what was believed to be a primary community-acquired MRSA myositis, which progressed to a life-threatening septic shock, happened in a nontropical area (Northeastern USA) and in a patient with no underlying recent muscle injury. This case serves to remind clinicians that infectious myositis is gaining more incidence in nontropical regions and can masquerade as septic arthritis, requiring a high index of suspicion. Normal muscle enzymes like CK and aldolase do not rule out myositis.
The Associations of Platelet Activation and Coagulation Parameters with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Large-Scale Observational Study
Authors: Yang Jundong , Xue Wenjun , Wei Zhicheng , Hou Caiqiong , Zhu Huaming , Xu Huajun , Wu Xiaolin , Feng Yunhai , Li Xinyi
Published: February 2023

Objectives. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with alterations in coagulability suspected as the mediating factor. This study explored blood coagulability and breathing-related parameters during sleep in patients with OSA. Design. Cross-sectional observational study. Setting. Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital. Participants. 903 patients diagnosed by standard polysomnography. Main Outcome and Measures. The relationships between coagulation markers and OSA were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses. Results. The platelet distribution width (PDW) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) decreased significantly with increasing OSA severity (both

p
<
0.001

). PDW was positively associated with the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and microarousal index (MAI) (ß = 0.136,

p
<
0.001

; ß = 0.155,

p
<
0.001

; and ß = 0.091,

p
=
0.008

, respectively). APTT was negatively correlated with AHI (ß = −0.128,

p
<
0.001

) and ODI (ß = −0.123,

p
=
0.001

). PDW was negatively correlated with percentage of sleep time with oxygen saturation below 90%(CT90) (ß = −0.092,

p
=
0.009

). The minimum arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) correlated with PDW (ß = −0.098,

p
=
0.004

), APTT (ß = 0.088,

p
=
0.013

), and prothrombin time (PT) (ß = 0.106,

p
=
0.0003

). ODI was risk factors for PDW abnormalities (odds ratio (OR) = 1.009,

p
=
0.009

) after model adjustment. In the RCS, a nonlinear dose-effect relationship was demonstrated between OSA and the risk of PDW and APTT abnormalities. Conclusion. Our study revealed nonlinear relationships between PDW and APTT, and AHI and ODI, in OSA, with AHI and ODI increasing the risk of an abnormal PDW and thus also the cardiovascular risk. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900025714.
Study on the Safety Thickness of Rock Strata for Outburst Prevention in Deep Tunnel Based on Numerical Modeling and Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Cao Zhensheng , Liu Jiazhu , Zhang Shaoqiang , Li Bowen , Zhang Zhenhu , Wang Zhongjie , Jiang ChenChen
Published: February 2023

Water inrush and mud inrush pose a serious threat to safe construction in underground engineering, but it is very difficult to determine the safe distance of outburst prevention rock mass. Based on deep-buried tunnel engineering, this paper proposes a method to determine the safe distance from water inrush disaster between the tunnel and the fault fracture zone. This method combines numerical modeling and backpropagation (BP) neural network. By means of numerical simulation, the internal influence law of the water pressure, lateral pressure coefficient, fault fracture zone width, and tunnel burial depth on the surrounding rock is analyzed. The evolution law of the minimum safe strata thickness under a single variable and the correlation degree between minimum safe strata thickness and various disaster factors are revealed. Based on the BP neural network analysis of the simulation results and the measured data of Wulaofeng Tunnel, the calculated values of safe strata thicknesses of fault fracture zone (F10) were determined. The results show that the thickness of the safe rock strata increases with increasing water pressure, lateral pressure coefficient, fault fracture zone width, and tunnel burial depth. The minimum safe thickness of F10 of the tunnel ranges from 7.1 m to 7.4 m, and 10 m is reserved in the actual project. The calculated results are consistent with the reserved thickness value in the construction. This conclusion can provide a reference for similar projects.
Effect of Eccentricity on Breakout Propagation around Noncircular Boreholes
Authors: Bahrehdar Mohammad , Lakirouhani Ali
Published: February 2023

Investigating the shear failure caused by the concentration of compressive stress around noncircular boreholes is important both in the field and in the laboratory. This article deals with the numerical analysis of elliptical boreholes under a nonisotropic in situ stress field using the Mogi–Coulomb nonlinear failure criterion. The purpose of the presented numerical model is to simulate the progressive shear failure (breakout) around the borehole and investigate the impact of the eccentricity of the borehole on the stability and depth and width of the failure area. According to the obtained results, the breakout is V-shaped and is formed along the minimum principal stress. As the eccentricity of the borehole increases, the final dimension of the breakout becomes smaller; in other words, the increase in ellipticity strengthens the borehole against shear failure. However, as the eccentricity increases, the stress concentration at the breakout tip increases. Another finding of the study conducted in this article is the significant relationship between the width and the depth of the breakout failure, which makes the idea of estimating both horizontal in situ stresses using breakout dimensions seriously doubtful. Also, the interesting result obtained is that the stress concentration factor at the breakout tip for boreholes with different eccentricities is the same at the end of the breakout.
Proinflammatory Cytokines Trigger the Onset of Retinal Abnormalities and Metabolic Dysregulation in a Hyperglycemic Mouse Model
Authors: Shivashankar Gaganashree , Lim Julie C. , Acosta Monica L.
Published: February 2023

Purpose. Recent evidence has shown that retinal inflammation is a key player in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. To further understand and validate the metabolic biomarkers of DR, we investigated the effect of intravitreal proinflammatory cytokines on the retinal structure, function, and metabolism in an in vivo hyperglycemic mouse model. Methods. C57Bl/6 mice were rendered hyperglycemic within one week of administration of a single high‐dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, while control mice received vehicle injection. After confirming hyperglycemia, the mice received an intravitreal injection of either proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) or vehicle. Similarly, control mice received an intravitreal injection of either proinflammatory cytokines or vehicle. The retinal structure was evaluated using fundus imaging and optical coherence tomography, and retinal function was assessed using a focal electroretinogram (ERG), two days after cytokine injection. Retinas were collected for biochemical analysis to determine key metabolite levels and enzymatic activities. Results. Hyperglycemic mice intraocularly injected with cytokines developed visible retinal vascular damage and intravitreal and intraretinal hyper‐reflective spots two days after the cytokines injection. These mice also developed a significant functional deficit with reduced a‐wave and b‐wave amplitudes of the ERG at high light intensities compared to control mice. Furthermore, metabolic disruption was evident in these mice, with significantly higher retinal glucose, lactate, ATP, and glutamine levels and a significant reduction in glutamate levels compared with control mice. Minimal or no metabolic changes were observed in hyperglycemic mice without intraocular cytokines or in control mice with intraocular cytokines at 2 days post hyperglycemia. Conclusions. Proinflammatory cytokines accelerated the development of vascular damage in the eyes of hyperglycemic mice. Significant changes were observed in retinal structure, function, and metabolic homeostasis. These findings support the idea that with the onset of inflammation in DR, there is a deficit in metabolism. Therefore, early intervention to prevent inflammation‐induced retinal changes in diabetic patients may improve the disease outcome.
Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide Promotes High‐Glucose‐Induced Dysfunction and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Xue Lidan , Huang Lili , Tian Yajing , Cao Xin , Song Yu
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Along with blood glucose levels, diabetic retinopathy (DR) development also involves endogenous risk factors, such as trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), a product of intestinal flora metabolic disorder, which exacerbates diabetic microvascular complications. However, the effect of TMAO on retinal cells under high‐glucose conditions remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effects of TMAO on high‐glucose‐induced retinal dysfunction in the context of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is involved in DR. Materials and Methods. TMAO was assessed in the serum and aqueous humor of patients using ELISA. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated for 72 h as follows: NG (normal glucose, D‐glucose 5.5 mM), NG + TMAO (5 μM), HG (high glucose, D‐glucose 30 mM), and HG + TMAO (5 μM). The CCK8 assay was then used to assess cell proliferation; wound healing, cell migration, and tube formation assays were used to verify changes in cell phenotype. ZO‐1 expression was determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed using DCFH‐DA. NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation was determined using a western blot. Results. The serum and aqueous humor from patients with PDR contained higher levels of TMAO compared to patients with nontype 2 diabetes (Control), non‐DR (NDR), and non‐PDR (NPDR). TMAO showed significant acceleration of high‐glucose‐induced cell proliferation, wound healing, cell migration, and tube formation. ZO‐1 expression decreased remarkably with the combined action of TMAO and a high glucose compared to either treatment alone. TMAO also promoted high‐glucose‐activated NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Conclusion. The combination of TMAO and high‐glucose results in increased levels of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation in HRMECs, leading to exacerbated retinal dysfunction and barrier failure. Thus, TMAO can accelerate PDR occurrence and development, thus indicating the need for early fundus monitoring in diabetic patients with intestinal flora disorders.
Deep Learning with Graph Convolutional Networks: An Overview and Latest Applications in Computational Intelligence
Authors: Bhatti Uzair Aslam , Tang Hao , Wu Guilu , Marjan Shah , Hussain Aamir
Published: February 2023

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have received widespread attention due to their powerful modeling capabilities and have been successfully applied in natural language processing, image recognition, and other fields. On the other hand, traditional CNN can only deal with Euclidean spatial data. In contrast, many real‐life scenarios, such as transportation networks, social networks, reference networks, and so on, exist in graph data. The creation of graph convolution operators and graph pooling is at the heart of migrating CNN to graph data analysis and processing. With the advancement of the Internet and technology, graph convolution network (GCN), as an innovative technology in artificial intelligence (AI), has received more and more attention. GCN has been widely used in different fields such as image processing, intelligent recommender system, knowledge‐based graph, and other areas due to their excellent characteristics in processing non‐European spatial data. At the same time, communication networks have also embraced AI technology in recent years, and AI serves as the brain of the future network and realizes the comprehensive intelligence of the future grid. Many complex communication network problems can be abstracted as graph‐based optimization problems and solved by GCN, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional methods. This survey briefly describes the definition of graph‐based machine learning, introduces different types of graph networks, summarizes the application of GCN in various research fields, analyzes the research status, and gives the future research direction.
Investigation of Caring Behavior and Caring Burden and Their Associated Factors among Nurses Who Cared for Patients with COVID-19 in East Guilan, the North of Iran
Authors: Darvishpour Azar , Mahdavi Fashtami Shiva
Published: February 2023

Background. Nurses experience caring burdens, which can affect their caring behaviors. Caring for highly infectious patients, in particular COVID-19, is a new phenomenon and little is known about it. Considering that caring behaviors can be influenced by various factors and cultural differences of the society, it is necessary to conduct studies about caring behaviors and caring burdens. Thus, this study aimed to determine caring behavior and caring burden and their relationship with some associated factors among nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional, descriptive design study was conducted by census sampling on 134 nurses working in public health centers in East Guilan, the north of Iran, in 2021. The research instruments included the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI-24) and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 20 with a significant level of 0.05. Results. The mean score of caring behavior and caring burden in nurses was 126.50 (SD = 13.63) and 43.65 (SD = 25.16), respectively. There was a significant relationship between caring behavior and some demographic characteristics (education, place of living, and history of COVID-19) and between caring burden and some demographic characteristics (housing status, job satisfaction, intention to change job, and history of COVID-19) (

p

 < 0.05). Conclusions. Findings showed that despite the new emergence of COVID-19, the caring burden on nurses was moderate and they had good caring behavior. Despite these results, it is necessary for the relevant managers to pay special attention to protecting health workers during a national crisis such as COVID-19 so that they experience less caring burden and improve caring behavior.
Transplantation of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Surgical Wound-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Hongyu , Ran Mingzi , Yang Shuxu , Ma Kui , Zhang Cuiping , Xiao Minglu , Yang Yuguang , Fu Xiaobing , Yang Siming
Published: February 2023

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most important component of central nervous system (CNS) to keep toxins and pathogens from CNS. Although our studies demonstrated that using interleukin-6 antibodies (IL-6-AB) reversed the increased permeability of BBB, IL-6-AB is limited in their application that only could be used a few hours before surgery and seemed delayed the surgical wounds healing process, which urges us to find another more effective method. In this study, we employed the C57BL/6J female mice to investigate the potential effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation on BBB dysfunction induced by surgical wound. Compared to IL-6-AB, the transplantation of UC-MSCs more effectively decreased the BBB permeability after surgical wound evaluated by dextran tracer (immunofluorescence imaging and luorescence quantification). In addition, UC-MSCs can largely decrease the ratio of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 to the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both serum and brain tissue after surgical wound. Moreover, UC-MSCs successfully increased the levels of tight junction proteins (TJs) in BBB such as ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 and extremely decreased the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Interestingly, UC-MSCs treatment also had positive effects on wound healing while protecting the BBB dysfunction induced by surgical wound compared to IL-6-AB treatment. These findings suggest that UC-MSCs transplantation is a highly efficient and promising approach on protecting the integrity of BBB which caused by peripheral traumatic injuries.
The Relationship between Pinguecula and Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jammal Hisham M. , Abu-Ameerh Mohammed , Hiasat Jamila G. , Issa Sara , Al Bdour Muawyah
Published: February 2023

Purpose. To assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the presence of pinguecula and to identify other risk factors associated with pinguecula in patients attending the eye clinic at two tertiary university hospitals in Jordan. Methods. This was a comparative cross‐sectional hospital‐based study of 241 consecutive patients (122 patients with DM and 119 patients with no diabetes). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and data were collected regarding age, sex, occupational activity, presence and grade of pinguecula, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and presence of diabetic retinopathy. Results. The mean (standard deviation, SD) ages of the DM and non‐DM groups were 59.5 (10.8) years and 59.0 (11.6) years (p‐value = 0.729), respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pinguecula between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups (66.4% vs. 66.5%, p = 0.998). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only outdoor occupational activity (OR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.98–13.44, p = 0.001) was associated with increased prevalence of pinguecula. DM was not significantly associated with pinguecula (OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–1.67, p = 0.873). Neither age nor sex were significantly associated with pinguecula (p‐value = 0.808, p‐value = 0.390), respectively. Conclusion. DM was not significantly associated with the development of pinguecula in this Jordanian population. The prevalence of pinguecula was significantly associated with an outdoor occupational activity.
MOF-Based Co and Mn Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Microporous Carbon as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Luo Wenzhe , Cao Longsheng , Hou Ming , Zhou Yawen , Ren Zhiwei , Geng Jiangtao , Shao Zhigang
Published: February 2023

Developing a low-price, high catalytic activity, and strong durability electrocatalyst for alkaline oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is significantly important for anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). Herein, Co and Mn salts were added into ZIF-8 to obtain CoMn-ZIF-Ac-2. Co and Mn embedded in nitrogen-doped microporous carbon (CoMn-N-C-Ac-2-Ts,

T
=
700

, 800, 900, and 1000°C) were obtained by carbonizing CoMn-ZIF-Ac-2 at various temperature. The influence of various pyrolysis temperature and molar ratios between Co and Mn toward ORR catalytic activity was researched. For CoMn-N-C-Ac-2-Ts, CoMn-N-C-Ac-2-800 had the highest ORR catalytic activity with the half-wave potential of 0.875 V in 0.1 M KOH, only 5 mV lower than that of 20 wt % Pt/C. Besides, high 4e- selectivity, excellent stability (retaining 100% for 20 h at 0.6 V vs. RHE), and methanol tolerance are also exhibited. In addition, CoMn-N-C-Ac-2-800 exhibited better ORR activity than Mn-N-C-Ac-800 and Co-N-C-Ac-800, which was attributed to more Co-N4, more MnIII species, and higher surface area. Moreover, the AEMFC based on the CoMn-N-C-Ac-2-800 cathode catalyst obtained a maximal power density of 291 mW·cm-2, which was 78% of the

P

max

achieved with 20 wt % Pt/C (375 mW·cm-2). The highest ORR performance for CoMn-N-C-Ac-2-800 was contributed by the highest defect degree, the most amounts of Co/Mn-N4 active site, the maximum BET surface area, and micropore structure.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to Quantitative Assessment of Fundus Tessellated Density in Young Adults with Different Refractions
Authors: Li Runkuan , Guo Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xiuyan , Lu Xiuzhen , Wu Qiuxin , Tian Qingmei , Guo Bin , Xu Jing , Tang Guodong , Feng Jiaojiao , Zhao Lili , Ling Saiguang , Dong Zhou , Song Jike , Bi Hongsheng
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess fundus tessellated density (FTD) and associated factors by artificial intelligence (AI) in young adults. Methods: A total of 1,084 undergraduates (age, 17–23 years old) were enrolled in November 2021. The students were divided into three groups according to axial length (AL): group 1 (AL <24.0 mm, n = 155), group 2 (24 mm ≤ AL <26 mm, n = 578), and group 3 (AL ≥26 mm, n = 269). FTD was calculated by extracting the fundus tessellations as the regions of interest (circle 1, diameter of 3.0 mm; circle 2, diameter of 6.0 mm) and then calculating the average exposed choroid area per unit area of fundus. Results: Among 1,084 students, 1,002 (92.5%) students' FTDs were extracted. The mean FTD was 0.06 ± 0.06 (range, 0–0.40). In multivariate analysis, FTD was significantly associated with male sex, longer AL, thinner subfoveal choroid thickness (SFCT), increased choriocapillaris vessel density (VD), and decreased deeper choroidal VD (all p < 0.05). In circle 1 (diameter of 3.0 mm) and circle 2 (diameter of 6.0 mm), analysis of variance showed that the FTD of the nasal region (p < 0.05) was significantly larger than that of the superior, inferior, and temporal regions. Conclusion: AI-based imaging processing could improve the accuracy of fundus tessellation diagnosis. FTD was significantly associated with a longer AL, thinner SFCT, increased choriocapillaris VD, and decreased deeper choroidal VD.
Retrieval of Normalized Gamma Size Distribution Parameters Using Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) Snowfall Observations during ICE-POP 2018
Authors: Tokay Ali , Liao Liang , Meneghini Robert , Helms Charles N. , Munchak S. Joseph , Wolff David B. , Gatlin Patrick N.
Published: February 2023

Parameters of the normalized gamma particle size distribution (PSD) have been retrieved from the Precipitation Image Package (PIP) snowfall observations collected during the International Collaborative Experiment–PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018). Two of the gamma PSD parameters, the mass-weighted particle diameter Dmass and the normalized intercept parameter NW, have median values of 1.15–1.31 mm and 2.84–3.04 log(mm−1 m−3), respectively. This range arises from the choice of the relationship between the maximum versus equivalent diameter, Dmx–Deq, and the relationship between the Reynolds and Best numbers, Re–X. Normalization of snow water equivalent rate (SWER) and ice water content W by NW reduces the range in NW, resulting in well-fitted power-law relationships between SWER/NW and Dmass and between W/NW and Dmass. The bulk descriptors of snowfall are calculated from PIP observations and from the gamma PSD with values of the shape parameter μ ranging from −2 to 10. NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, which adopted the normalized gamma PSD, assumes μ = 2 and 3 in its two separate algorithms. The mean fractional bias (MFB) of the snowfall parameters changes with μ, where the functional dependence on μ depends on the specific snowfall parameter of interest. The MFB of the total concentration was underestimated by 0.23–0.34 when μ = 2 and by 0.29–0.40 when μ = 3, whereas the MFB of SWER had a much narrower range (from −0.03 to 0.04) for the same μ values.
Cholecystectomy After Percutaneous Cholecystostomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Experience and Outcomes in an Academic Practice
Authors: Giannopoulos Spyridon , Makhecha Keith , Madduri Sathvik , Garcia Felix , Baumgartner Timothy C. , Stefanidis Dimitrios
Published: February 2023

Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube insertion has been shown to be an effective treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) as a temporary step to subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). However, the optimal time gap between PC implantation and LC has not been identified. Adult patients who underwent PC followed by LC for the treatment of AC between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. One hundred twelve patients, consisting of 59.8% males, were included and received LC after a median of 65 [48 - 96.5] days following the PC placement. No deaths or reoperations occurred within 30 days, but 16 (14.3%) patients were readmitted, and 16 (14.3%) required subsequent reintervention. Although a longer interval between PC and LC had no effect on perioperative outcomes, it was associated with considerably longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay. According to these findings, patients may benefit from early LC following PC for the treatment of AC.
Survey of Diagnostic and Management Practices in Small Bowel Obstruction: Individual and Generational Variation Despite Practice Guidelines
Authors: Fakhry Samir M. , Duane Therèse M. , Garland Jeneva M. , Dunne James R. , Kurek Stanley J. , Hunt Darrell L. , Plurad David S. , Shillinglaw William C. , Carrick Matthew M. , Lieser Mark J. , Wyse Ransom J. , Wilson Nina Y. , Watts Dorraine D.
Published: February 2023

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common disorder managed by surgeons. Despite extensive publications and management guidelines, there is no universally accepted approach to its diagnosis and management. We conducted a survey of acute care surgeons to elucidate their SBO practice patterns.

Methods: A self-report survey of SBO diagnosis and management practices was designed and distributed by email to AAST surgeons who cared for adult SBO patients. Responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Chi-square test of independence at α = .05.

Results: There were 201 useable surveys: 53% ≥ 50 years, 77% male, 77% at level I trauma centers. Only 35.8% reported formal hospital SBO management guidelines. Computed tomography (CT) scan was the only diagnostic exam listed as “essential” by the majority of respondents (82.6%). Following NG decompression, 153 (76.1%) would “always/frequently” administer a water-soluble contrast challenge (GC). There were notable age differences in approach. Compared to those ≥50 years, younger surgeons were less likely to deem plain abdominal films as “essential” (16.0% vs 40.2%; P < .01) but more likely to require CT scan (88.3% vs 77.6%; P = .045) for diagnosis and to “always/frequently” administer GC (84.0% vs 69.2%; P < .01). Younger surgeons used laparoscopy “frequently” more often than older surgeons (34.0% vs 21.5%, P = .05).

Discussion: There is significant variation in diagnosis and management of SBO among respondents in this convenience sample, despite existing PMGs. Novel age differences in responses were observed, which prompts further evaluation. Additional research is needed to determine whether variation in practice patterns is widespread and affects outcomes.
Optimal Trauma Activation Criteria for “Found Down” Patients
Authors: Johnson Emily , Lee Janet S. , Brockman Valerie , Finch Heather , Rodriquez Jennifer , Decker Cassie , Stillman Zach , Schroeppel Thomas J.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Patients who are found down (FD) with unknown mechanism of injury pose a triage dilemma. At the study institution, this population with any “suspicion of trauma” criteria were previously triaged as a trauma team activation (TTA) but due to high rates of mis-triage was modified to “signs of trauma.” The purpose of this study is to compare injured and uninjured FD patients to identify patient characteristics and outcomes, and to evaluate triage accuracy of signs of trauma.

Methods

A single-center retrospective review was conducted on adult patients who were FD between 1/2019 and 4/2021. Based on injury severity score (ISS), FD patients were categorized as injured or uninjured and these groups were compared. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for signs and suspicion of trauma as triage criteria, where suspicion of trauma included altered mental status, confusion, seizures, intoxication, or dementia. Signs of trauma were defined as abrasions, lacerations, ecchymosis, contusions, hematomas, deformity, pain, and crepitus.

Results

415 FD patients were identified with 273 (65.8%) sustaining injury and 142 (34.2%) uninjured. There were no differences in age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, or vital signs. Signs of trauma had high sensitivity (96.0%) and moderate specificity (82.4%) for injury, whereas suspicion of trauma had low sensitivity (2.2%) and specificity (37.3%).

Conclusion

Injured and uninjured FD trauma patients had similar characteristics on arrival including GCS and vitals, emphasizing the challenge of identifying patients with injury requiring trauma evaluation. Signs of trauma represent a valuable indicator of injury in the FD population.
Robotic Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (rTAMIS): Large Tubulovillous Adenoma
Authors: Rodriguez-Silva Jetsen A. , Bennett Robert D.
Published: February 2023

Many transanal platforms have recently evolved to manage rectal pathologies. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and transanal laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) have been developed to address the limitations of conventional transanal surgery. More recently, the addition of the robotic platform to the surgeon's armamentarium has made it possible to combine the dexterity of the robotic surgical system with the standard TAMIS single-port platform to treat complex rectal lesions. In this article, we present the case of a patient who underwent rTAMIS for the management of a large endoscopically unresectable rectal mass.
Effect of Timing of Readmission to the ICU on Mortality in Trauma Patients Requiring Critical Care
Authors: O’Quinn Payton C. , Whitaker Fiona J. , Suresh Sapna , King Sarah A. , Smith Lou M.
Published: February 2023

ICU readmission is associated with increased mortality. The primary goal of our investigation was to determine the impact of early ICU readmission on mortality and to identify clinical factors which contribute to early ICU readmission in the trauma population. We retrospectively reviewed 175 patients admitted to ICU in a single, academic Level I Trauma Center from January 2019 to December 2021. Early readmission was defined as readmission within 72 hours of discharge and late readmission as after 72 hours. Early readmission mortality rate was 2.8 times higher than late readmission. Statistically significant variables in early readmission were more operations >2 hours, shorter initial length of stay in ICU, lower hematocrit and paCO2 on ICU discharge, and presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. Additional prospective research is needed to guide the development of practice guidelines that reduce frequency, morbidity, and mortality associated with ICU readmission in the trauma population.
Dualities in creative thinking: a novel approach to teaching and learning creativity
Authors: Rockliffe Andrew , Mckay Jane
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we present a novel approach to defining, teaching, and assessing creativity by examining its origins and delineating the processes involved. The rationale for introducing this framework developed from studying existing thinking and questioning the current metrics for measuring creativity, which we posit are unfit for purpose. We reach this conclusion because rather than accepting the existing focus on outcomes, we perceive creativity as a process based on different types of logic. Drawing upon the earlier work of De Bono and Kolb, we explore the creative process through the lenses of humour and systems engineering to reveal and develop a range of demonstrable skills and key techniques that can be learned, taught and assessed. By using the identified system inputs of creative logic, dialectic conflicts (dualities), alternate narratives, and abstraction, we ultimately present a possible framework for evaluating creativity without relying on subjective assessment. This methodology and framework can be applied in all educational contexts, from cross-curricular mainstream learning to a focus on excluded and hard-to-reach learners.
Parainfectious autoimmune encephalitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting with catatonia
Authors: Aktan Suzgun Merve , Kochan Kızılkılıc Esra , Ucar Bostan Busra , Tutuncu Melih , Kızıltan Gunes
Published: February 2023

Objective

SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Whereas the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on neuronal structures in the short and long-term are still controversial, neurological involvement secondary to SARS-CoV- 2 is heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation, treatment response, and prognosis.

Method

A case of autoimmune encephalitis developing after SARS-CoV-2 is described in this article.

Results

The patient was admitted to the clinic with classical signs of catatonia and encephalopathy. The emergence of neuropsychiatric problems after the relief of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms suggests that symptoms were primarily related to immune processes. This patient demonstrated a good clinical response to symptomatic catatonia treatment and immune-modulatory agents and recovered both physically and cognitively without sequelae.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 infection may involve encephalitic involvement and psychological symptoms (including catatonia) after the infection by triggering autoimmune pathways.
Ethanol Extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) Seeds, Leaves, and Fruits Have Anti-obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects in Rats
Authors: Abdelrahman Zainab R. , Bustanji Yasser K. , Abdalla Shtaywy S.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Obesity is a serious public health problem contributing to development of several diseases, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. The plant Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat many ailments and traditional healers used it to reduce weight.

Objectives:

To examine the potential anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of ethanol extract of loquat in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Loquat leaves, fruits, or seeds were extracted with ethanol. About 96 Wistar male rats were fed either a normal rat diet (normal control group; group 1) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (obese; groups 2−12). Obese rats were divided into11 groups as follows: (obese control: group 2) (obese positive control which received the hypolipidemic reference drug atorvastatin: group 3). Groups (4−6), (7−9), and (10−12) were given seed, leaf, or fruit extract, respectively, at 40,100, and 400 mg/kg. Body weight, serum glucose, lipid profile, creatinine, liver enzymes, albumin, and total protein were measured weekly.

Results:

HFD consumption significantly increased body weight and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and glucose and decreased HDL compared to rats fed the normal diet. HFD also increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine but decreased serum albumin and total protein. Administration of E. japonica seed, leaf, or fruit extract significantly decreased body weight, TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, glucose, liver, and renal enzymes but increased HDL, albumin, and total protein levels.

Conclusion:

E. japonica seed, leaf, and fruit ethanol extract regulates body weight gain, has hypolipidemic properties, and positively affects liver and kidney enzymes.
Eating disorders in young people
Authors: Phillipou Andrea , McGorry Patrick , Killackey Eóin , Maguire Sarah
Published: February 2023

Objective

Eating disorders (EDs) have their onset most frequently in adolescence and young adulthood. Treatment for EDs lack efficacy, and we have made little progress in improving outcomes for patients over the course of the last several decades. As with other mental health conditions, early intervention may greatly improve outcomes, yet, little research exists in this area.

Conclusions

More effective evidence-based treatments are sorely needed for EDs, particularly for early stages of the illness to minimise the potential harms of treatment and long-standing illness. Treatment service models would also benefit from taking an approach that ensures continuation of care from adolescence to young adulthood.
In Search of the Social in Psychological Capital: Integrating Psychological Capital into a Broader Capital Framework
Authors: Dóci Edina , Spruyt Bram , De Moortel Deborah , Vanroelen Christophe , Hofmans Joeri
Published: February 2023

During the past decade, a rich literature emerged focusing on “psychological capital,” a multidimensional concept encompassing self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. So far psychological capital has been predominantly studied in the areas of work and organizational psychology, management, and organizational behavior. This paper argues that (1) the relevance of psychological capital is much broader than assumed so far and (2) that not only the outcomes but also the (social) origins and sources of psychological capital need to be studied. More specifically, the key questions that we address in this paper concern (1) how the notion of psychological capital can be integrated into a broader capital framework that allows studying (the reproduction of) social inequalities, (2) what such integration adds to disciplines such as psychology and sociology, (3) and which avenues for further research can be derived from such framework? Informed by the work of Pierre Bourdieu, we argue that psychological capital is the missing link to develop a comprehensive framework for studying (the reproduction of) social inequalities. Based on our theory building, we develop an interdisciplinary research agenda.
Overcoming Consumer Resistance to AI in General Health Care
Authors: Gaczek Piotr , Pozharliev Rumen , Leszczyński Grzegorz , Zieliński Marek
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine offers a unique opportunity to improve the global health system. However, consumers remain skeptical about AI's ability to accurately assess their medical condition. The five studies here provide insights into consumers’ reluctance to use AI-produced health care recommendations. Consumers are less willing to follow a medical recommendation from AI (vs. from a human) when the medical diagnosis provides health results that are good (i.e., symptoms do not require medical care) versus bad (i.e., symptoms are worrisome and may require urgent care) (Study 1a). The effect is mediated by consumers’ perception of diagnosis trustworthiness (Study 1b) and enhanced by consumers’ health anxiety score (Study 2). Providing social proof (e.g., number of satisfied customers recommending the service) reduces the negative effect of health anxiety on consumers’ trust in the medical diagnosis and increases their willingness to follow the AI's recommendations (Study 3a). The findings provide insights into the psychological drivers of acceptance of automated health care and suggest possible actions to overcome consumers’ reluctance to follow AI medical recommendations.
Conforming to the anatomy and not the standard: A technique of eccentric capsulorrhexis and intraocular lens haptic amputation for eyes with iris coloboma
Authors: Franco Jovany J. , Pineda Roberto
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To describe a novel technique for cataract surgery in patients with iris coloboma.

Methods

The technique involves 1) creation of an inferiorly displaced capsulorrhexis and 2) amputation of one intraocular lens (IOL) haptic, thus allowing for controlled IOL decentration in the direction of an inferior iris defect.

Results

We report favorable outcomes in two eyes (one patient) where eccentric capsulorrhexis and haptic amputation were employed during one-piece IOL repositioning in one eye and cataract surgery with three-piece IOL implantation in the contralateral eye.

Conclusion

In coloboma patients who are asymptomatic from their iris defect and do not have a cosmetic desire for repair, eccentric capsulorrhexis and IOL haptic amputation is a viable surgical option that allows for the preservation of a clear visual axis without the need for iris repair.
Low-frequency sound radiation characteristics of imperfect acoustic black hole in thin plate
Authors: Liu Pengchuan , Zhou Yiqi , Li Rui
Published: February 2023

The unique dynamic characteristics and energy focalisation of the acoustic black hole (ABH) have been confirmed. Meanwhile, an ABH composite structure covered with a damping layer exhibits excellent performance in vibration control. However, limited by machining accuracy and conditions, imperfect ABH is easier to obtain than ideal ABH. This study focuses on the sound radiation characteristics of an imperfect ABH thin plate without a damping layer in the low-frequency range. The imperfect ABH in this paper replaces the traditional curve with an oblique line near the centre of two-dimensional ABH. The vibration and acoustic changes of imperfect ABH plate are investigated based on three key variables: ABH diameter, residual thickness and centre position of imperfect ABH indentation. The finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the radiation efficiency of various imperfect ABH plates at eigenfrequencies. The acoustic radiation efficiency is measured and estimated via a sound-intensity experiment. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the acoustic radiation efficiency of thin plates can be controlled by an imperfect ABH in the low-frequency band, which is associated closely with the geometric parameters and position of imperfect ABH.
Algorithmic classifications in credit marketing: How marketing shapes inequalities
Authors: Pellandini-Simányi Léna
Published: February 2023

While critical marketing studies have discussed algorithm-driven marketing’s role in governmentality, subjectivity formation and capitalist accumulation, its role in shaping class inequalities is less studied. Drawing on the performativity of marketing, ‘classification situations’ and critical algorithm studies, this paper uses the case of credit marketing to propose a twofold framework to analyse how algorithmic marketing shapes the cultural and economic inequalities of class. First, algorithms used for categorizing consumers and matching them with marketing messages and products provide access (1) to different symbolic resources and (2) to credit products with different financial consequences to different consumers depending on their categorization, which contribute to the creation of cultural and economic inequalities, respectively. Second, algorithms of financial advice devices overtake parts of consumer choice. Insofar as different financial preferences and rationalities are scripted into the devices for different client groups, these technologies constitute an additional process that affects social divisions.