bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Northern exposure: Mandibular torus in the Greenlandic Norse and the whole wide world
Authors: Scott G. Richard , Schomberg Roman , Swenson Victoria , Adams Donovan , Pilloud Marin A.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

In the first issue of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, E.A. Hooton noted the expression of Eskimoid characteristics in the Icelandic skull, one of which was mandibular torus. Our goal is to evaluate this trait in another North Atlantic population, the Greenlandic Norse.

Materials and methods

An investigation of mandibular torus was carried out on all Greenlandic Norse skeletons disinterred up to 1986 (n = 109), along with comparative samples from Iceland (n = 82), Norway (n = 98), and Denmark (n = 64). Torus expression was scored on a six grade scale with absence and five degrees of trait presence.

Results

Greenlanders and Icelanders show extraordinarily high frequencies (65–97%) and pronounced expressions of mandibular torus. More surprising was the almost complete absence of this trait in a Danish Viking sample (9%) and a significantly lower frequency in medieval Norwegians (48%).

Discussion

The dramatic expression of mandibular torus in the Greenlandic Norse and their contrast to related Scandinavian populations in Europe stimulated the collection of data from the literature and the database of Christy G. Turner II for 49,970 individuals in 335 populations. When plotted on a global scale, mandibular torus shows a strong clinal distribution with the highest frequencies in northern latitudes and the lowest frequencies around the equator. Although mandibular torus has some hereditary component, as indicated by family studies, the trait has a strong environmental component of variance. How factors of a northern environment, including climatic stress and dietary behavior, influence torus expression remains enigmatic.
Single‐Layered Hybrid Materials Based on 1D Associated Metalorganic Nanoribbons for Controlled Release of Pheromones
Authors: Moreno José María , Navarro Ismael , Díaz Urbano , Primo Jaime , Corma Avelino
Published: July 2016

A new family of stable layered organic–inorganic materials has been prepared, in one‐step solvothermal process. They are based on an ordered nickel cluster‐type nanoribbons separated from each other by specific alkyl (heptyl‐ or dodecyl‐) arylic mono‐carboxylate moieties acting as molecular spacers, perpendicular to the 1D inorganic chains. These organic spacers contain hydrocarbon tails with different length which control the separation level between inorganic 1D sub‐units, inhibiting the 3D growth of conventional DUT‐8‐type metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The lamellar nature of the materials formed was studied and confirmed by different characterization techniques, showing the structural location of individual organic and inorganic building units. They have been successfully used as a long‐lasting biodegradable and water‐proof materials for controlled release of chemicals, such as pheromones for sustainable treatment of insect plagues.
Oxidative Difunctionalization of Alkenyl MIDA Boronates: A Versatile Platform for Halogenated and Trifluoromethylated α‐Boryl Ketones
Authors: Lv Wen‐Xin , Zeng Yao‐Fu , Li Qingjiang , Chen Yunyun , Tan Dong‐Hang , Yang Ling , Wang Honggen
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of halogenated and trifluoromethylated α‐boryl ketones via a one‐pot oxidative difunctionalization of alkenyl MIDA boronates is reported. These novel densely functionalized organoborons bearing synthetically and functionally valuable carbonyl, halogen/CF3 and boronate moieties within the same molecule are synthetically challenging for the chemist, but have great synthetic potential, as demonstrated by their applications in a straightforward synthesis of borylated furans. The generality of this reaction was extensively investigated. This reaction is attractive since the starting materials, alkenyl MIDA boronates, are easily accessible.
Synthesis of Sulfoximidoyl‐Containing Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents and Their Use in Transition‐Metal‐Free Sulfoximidations of Alkynes
Authors: Wang Han , Cheng Ying , Becker Peter , Raabe Gerhard , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2016

Well‐defined hypervalent iodine(III) reagents incorporating transferable sulfoximidoyl groups were obtained through ligand exchange reactions of methoxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene (MTIB) with NH sulfoximines in good to excellent yields. The solid‐state structure of a representative product was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Utilizing these reagents in synthesis provides a new, transition‐metal‐free approach towards N‐alkynylated sulfoximines.
Total Synthesis of Notoamides F, I, and R and Sclerotiamide
Authors: Zhang Benxiang , Zheng Weifeng , Wang Xiaoqing , Sun Deqian , Li Chaozhong
Published: July 2016

The total synthesis of the natural indole alkaloids (+)‐notoamide F, I, and R and (−)‐sclerotiamide is described. The four heptacyclic compounds were synthesized in 10–12 steps in a convergent and highly stereoselective manner from the readily available Seebach acetal. Key steps of the synthesis include a stereoselective oxidative aza‐Prins cyclization to construct the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane, and a cobalt‐catalyzed radical cycloisomerization to create the cyclohexenyl ring.
N‐Linked Glycosyl Auxiliary‐Mediated Native Chemical Ligation on Aspartic Acid: Application towards N‐Glycopeptide Synthesis
Authors: Chai Hua , Le Mai Hoang Kim , Vu Minh Duy , Pasunooti Kalyan , Liu Chuan‐Fa , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: July 2016

A practical approach towards N‐glycopeptide synthesis using an auxiliary‐mediated dual native chemical ligation (NCL) has been developed. The first NCL connects an N‐linked glycosyl auxiliary to the thioester side chain of an N‐terminal aspartate oligopeptide. This intermediate undergoes a second NCL with a C‐terminal thioester oligopeptide. Mild cleavage provides the desired N‐glycopeptide.
Individualized p‐Doped Carbon Nanohorns
Authors: Stergiou Anastasios , Liu Zheng , Xu Bin , Kaneko Toshiro , Ewels Christopher P. , Suenaga Kazu , Zhang Minfang , Yudasaka Masako , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: July 2016

A facile approach to individualize spherically aggregated pristine carbon nanohorns (pr‐CNHs) was established. Specifically, we found that treatment of pr‐CNHs with chlorosulfonic acid generates positively charged polarized species, which disintegrate toward individualized carbon nanohorns (in‐CNHs). Interestingly, the isolated in‐CNHs were revealed to be p‐doped owing to the adsorption of chlorosulfonate units. The findings were confirmed by data derived from high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, Raman and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, and additionally supported by theoretical calculations and thermogravimetry.
Adaptive Observer for Simultaneous State and Parameter Estimations for an Output Depending Normal Form
Authors: Yu Lei , Zheng Gang , Boutat Driss
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we investigate the problem of simultaneous state and parameter estimation for a class of nonlinear systems which can be transformed into an output depending normal form. A new and simple adaptive observer for such class of systems is presented. Sufficient condition for the existence of the proposed observer is derived. A concrete application is given in order to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed result.
Modelling public transport on‐board congestion: comparing schedule‐based and agent‐based assignment approaches and their implications
Authors: Cats Oded , Hartl Maximilian
Published: July 2016

Transit systems are subject to congestion that influences system performance and level of service. The evaluation of measures to relieve congestion requires models that can capture their network effects and passengers' adaptation. In particular, on‐board congestion leads to an increase of crowding discomfort and denied boarding and a decrease in service reliability. This study performs a systematic comparison of alternative approaches to modelling on‐board congestion in transit networks. In particular, the congestion‐related functionalities of a schedule‐based model and an agent‐based transit assignment model are investigated, by comparing VISUM and BusMezzo, respectively.

The theoretical background, modelling principles and implementation details of the alternative models are examined and demonstrated by testing various operational scenarios for an example network. The results suggest that differences in modelling passenger arrival process, choice‐set generation and route choice model yield systematically different passenger loads. The schedule‐based model is insensitive to a uniform increase in demand or decrease in capacity when caused by either vehicle capacity or service frequency reduction. In contrast, nominal travel times increase in the agent‐based model as demand increases or capacity decreases. The marginal increase in travel time increases as the network becomes more saturated. Whilst none of the existing models capture the full range of congestion effects and related behavioural responses, existing models can support different planning decisions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Semiconducting and Metallic Carbon Nanotubes Incorporating In2S3/In2O3 Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Kim Heesoo , Lee Jongtaek , Park Taehee , Lee Junyoung , Yang Jonghee , Ahn Sang Jung , Yi Whikun
Published: July 2016

We fabricate photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) using In2S3/In2O3 double‐layer composite as a working electrode in the presence of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Simple solution methods, such as spray‐coating and chemical bath deposition, were used to assemble each layer in the PECs. We apply pristine SWCNTs, semiconducting SWCNTs (s‐SWCNTs), and metallic SWCNTs (m‐SWCNTs) to the PECs, and measure their solar performances, incident photon to charge carrier efficiency, and electro‐impedance spectra. Field emission is also measured to explain the enhanced electric field of each cell.
Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activity of Stapled Heptapeptide Dimers
Authors: Luong Huy X. , Kim Do‐Hee , Lee Bong‐Jin , Kim Young‐Woo
Published: July 2016

To improve the antimicrobial activity of the hydrocarbon‐stapled amphipathic heptapeptide helix identified from our previous study, we prepared a series of its dimeric analogs using several different linkers. All of these dimers showed a significant increase in antimicrobial activity although their hemolytic activity was also largely increased. One particular analog bearing a proline linker displayed notably low hemolytic activity compared to others, indicating that the conformational characteristics of the linker play a key role in disassociating undesirable hemolytic activity from antimicrobial activity in this series of antimicrobial peptides. We believe that this analog can serve as a stepping stone for further development of novel antimicrobial agents to combat antibiotic‐resistance.
Two New Bithiophenes Derivatives Multielectrochromic Copolymer Based on Triphenylamine Unit and Their Application for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhang Yan , Kong Lingqian , Liu Xuezhong , Wang Chunlei , Zhao Jinsheng
Published: July 2016

Two monomers including 4,4′,4″‐tris(3‐methoxythiophene‐2‐yl)triphenylamine (M1) and 4,4′,4″‐tris(3,4‐dimethoxythiophene‐2‐yl)triphenylamine (M2) with triphenylamine as their core were synthesized and the corresponding polymers were obtained by electrochemical polymerization. Their electrochemical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis, and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the two polymers had reversible redox behavior with the different color change under the applied potentials. Both the polymers displayed high switching efficiency and optical contrast. Moreover, the corresponding electrochromic devices (ECDs) employing the synthesized polymers and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) were constructed. The spectroelectrochemical experiments illustrated that the ECDs exhibited fast response time, reasonable optical contrast, favorable optical memories, and redox stability.
Take a multitiered approach to control residence hall access
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2016

Living in residence halls presents opportunities for students to engage with the campus and take part in learning opportunities outside the classroom. But residence halls also present safety challenges. “This is the most critical area we want to keep safe,” said Rhonda L. Harris, assistant vice president of public safety and chief of police at Old Dominion University in Virginia.
Report shows crime on campus down across the country
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: July 2016

A recent report released by the National Center for Education Statistics found an overall decrease in crimes at educational institutions across the country since 2001. The overall number of crimes reported by postsecondary institutions has dropped by 34 percent, from 41,600 per year in 2001 to 27,600 per year in 2013. The report, titled Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2015, covers higher education campuses as well as K–12 schools and includes such topics as victimization, teacher injury, bullying and cyberbullying, use of drugs and alcohol, and criminal incidents at postsecondary institutions. The report found significant decreases in instances of bullying, harassment due to sexual orientation, and violent crime at all levels of education. The number of on‐campus crimes reported at postsecondary institutions in 2013 was lower than in 2001 for every category except forcible sex offenses and murder.
Brand growth in packaged goods markets: Ten cases with common patterns
Authors: Dawes John G.
Published: July 2016

The study examines 10 consumer goods brands that grew market share year on year, to identify if there are commonalities in the way that key brand performance metrics change during growth. The study uses consumer panel data from the UK and USA. Ten brands in a range of categories are examined. Brand metrics of penetration, repeat‐purchase loyalty, cross‐purchasing by other brand's buyers, the distribution of purchase frequency, and the brand's market share within buyer subgroups are analyzed. The principal findings are as follows: (1) as these brands grew, brand penetration increased far more than repeat‐purchase loyalty on average; (2) the most apparent change in the buyer base was the big increase in light or infrequent buyers; (3) they induced more cross‐purchasing from most or all other competitor brands' buyers; and (4) they grew their market share in all buyer demographic groups. Implications are that brand growth strategies should be geared towards enlarging the size of the customer base, with less emphasis on boosting loyalty. The results also suggest that specifically targeting certain sorts of buyers may be counterproductive. These findings challenge traditional assumptions in relation to brand growth and success. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifungal Effect and Protective Role of Ursolic Acid and Three Phenolic Derivatives in the Management of Sorghum Grain Mold Under Field Conditions
Authors: Shaik Ameer Basha , Ahil Sajeli Begum , Govardhanam Ragavendra , Senthi Mahibalan , Khan Rukaiyya , Sojitra Ravi , Kumar Santhosh , Srinivas Asalla
Published: July 2016

In this study, investigation was carried out under in vitro as well as field conditions to explore inhibitors of sorghum grain mold. Phytochemicals, viz., methyl trans‐p‐coumarate (AIC‐1), methyl caffeate (AIC‐2), syringic acid (AIC‐3), and ursolic acid (UA), at different concentrations (500, 750, and 1000 ppm) were tested on spore germination of Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, F. pallidoroseum, and Helminthosporium sp. Significant growth inhibition (P < 0.001) was observed against all fungi except A. alternata which was found to be resistant to AIC‐3. Further, two separate sets of field experiments involving spraying of water and F. moniliforme suspension over chemicals treated (1000 ppm) sorghum panicles were done. The levels of protection varied with different treatments which were graded using a standard 1 – 9 rating scale. The Fusarium‐challenged panicles (FCP) showed lesser susceptibility and decreased the rate of infection of grain mold (grade 7.0), compared to simple UA, AIC‐2, and AIC‐1 treatments (7.4, 7.6, and 8.0 grade, resp.). The HPLC quantification of differentially induced phenolic acids in treated sorghum grains substantiated this effect disclosing the higher accumulation of chlorogenic, vanillic, and salicylic acids in FCP. This might be due to defensive induction of these acids by the plants. Although mold control by examined chemicals were lesser than the standard Tilt (grade 5.9), they were found to be nontoxic to mammalian cells under cytotoxicity assay.
Lignans from the Twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Lee Seulah , Moon Eunjung , Choi Sang Un , Kim Ki Hyun
Published: July 2016

A new sesquilignan, euonymolin A (1), and six known lignans, (−)‐de‐O‐methylmagnolin (2), (+)‐de‐O‐methylepimagnolin A (3), (+)‐syringaresinol (4), (+)‐pinoresinol (5), (+)‐medioresinol (6), and (+)‐lariciresinol 4′‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from the twigs of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (Celastraceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, including extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques, HR‐MS analysis and circular dichroism (CD) data, and the literature data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against A549, SK‐OV‐3, SK‐MEL‐2, and HCT‐15 cell lines and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated BV2 cell line. All compounds showed cytotoxicity against the SK‐MEL‐2 cell line with IC50 values of 23.24 – 48.14 μm and inhibited NO production in LPS‐activated BV‐2 cells with IC50 values of 6.75 – 23.53 μm.
Islands of decision in the sea of big data
Authors: Barker David H.
Published: July 2016

From President Obama's Precision Medicine Initiative to the quantified self, the promise of big data is omnipresent. It's easy to feel adrift in a sea of ones and zeros.
Managing psychosomatic symptoms
Authors: Spencer Dan
Published: July 2016

Our bodies manifest emotions physically when we cannot effectively express them. This occurs frequently in youth, who have less developed verbal abilities and fewer coping strategies to manage distress. With psychosomatic symptoms, body parts are functional, but messages are transmitted incorrectly. Stomachaches and headaches are common complaints. More severe presentations are nonepileptic seizures and fainting spells. Limited symptoms can evolve into full DSM‐5 disorders, somatic symptom disorder, and conversion disorder, for example. Treatment can be seen as a way to repair communication pathways.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2016

The effects of antipsychotic treatment in ASD on weight gain

Risk profile for psychosis linked to problems in reward processing

The effects of minimizing trauma in girls on cognitive function
Nonwhite youth have more academic problems on alcohol and marijuana than white youth
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2016

Use of alcohol and/or marijuana during adolescence is associated with academic difficulties, use of other drugs in the future, poorer mental health, and a higher likelihood of abuse or dependence as adults. In addition, alcohol and drug use during the time when the brain is developing can result in deficits even after use has stopped.
The charter school debate
Authors: Fritz Gregory K.
Published: July 2016

Everyone seems to have an opinion about charter schools, whether they know anything about them or not. And many don't: one study found that almost half of those surveyed did not even know that charter schools are public schools. President Obama has weighed in, supporting charter schools and urging increased funding for the charter school movement. Because there is substantial public money associated with charter schools, sometimes at the expense of traditional public schools and their unionized teachers, few states have been able to avoid pitched battles between those favoring charter schools and those against them.
Reducing Time to Market by Innovative Development and Production Strategies
Authors: Grützner Thomas , Schnider Christian , Zollinger Daniel , Seyfang Bernhard C. , Künzle Niklaus
Published: July 2016

During the past years cost pressure on the European chemical companies grew dramatically by increased competition from low‐labor‐cost BRIC countries on the one side and the United States, favored by decreased energy costs due to shale gas exploitation, on the other side. Raising costs for energy consumption and wages come on top. Therefore, highly efficient procedures in both development and production with the aim to decrease costs became necessary. A combination of technical solutions like new production concepts, e.g., hybrid processes, and organizational solutions like standardization and improved utilization of equipment are needed. Some of the applied techniques are described in detail and their potential in terms of time and cost reduction is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: RE3Au5Zn (RE: Y, Sm, Gd—Ho) — A New Structure Type with Five‐ and Six‐Membered Rings as Building Units in a Gold Network.
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Poettgen Rainer
Published: July 2016

Polycrystalline Ln3Au5Zn (Ln: Y, Sm, Gd—Ho) intermetallics are prepared by melting of stoichiometric mixtures of elements (sealed Ta tubes in evacuated quartz tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Investigations of Lanthanoid Oxoarsenates. Part 1. Single Crystals of Scheelite‐Type Ln[AsO4] Phases with Ln: La—Nd from Monazite‐Type Precursors.
Authors: Metzger Sebastian J. , Ledderboge Florian , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert , Schleid Thomas
Published: July 2016

Transparent single crystals of Ln[AsO4] (Ln: La—Nd) are obtained by the pressure‐induced monazite‐to‐scheelite type phase transition (Walker‐type multi‐anvil cell, 11 GPa, 1100—1300 °C, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence and Thermoluminescence Properties of a Red Emitting Phosphor, Sr4Al14O25:Eu3+.
Authors: Emen Fatih M. , Altinkaya Ramazan , Kafadar Vural E. , Avsar Gokturk , Yesilkaynak Tuncay , Kulcu Nevzat
Published: July 2016

Sr4‐xAl14O25:xEu3+ (x = 0.02—0.06) phosphors are prepared by firing stoichiometric amounts of Al(OH)3, SrCO3, and Eu2O3 as well as H3BO3 as the flux (Pt boats, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis and Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Ba8Cu6Ge8xSi40‐8x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) Alloys Prepared Using High‐Temperature, High‐Pressure Method.
Authors: Sun Bing , Jia Xiaopeng , Huo Dexuan , Sun Hairui , Zhang Yuewen , Liu Binwu , Liu Haiqiang , Kong Lingjiao , Liu Baomin , Ma Hongan
Published: July 2016

The title clathrates are prepared by hot press sintering of stoichiometric amounts of Si, Ge, Cu, and BaSi2 (China‐type cubic high pressure apparatus, 3 GPa, 1125 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: NaGe6As6: Insertion of Sodium into the Layered Semiconductor Germanium Arsenide GeAs.
Authors: Khatun Mansura , Mar Arthur
Published: July 2016

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Na, Ge, and As (Al2O3 crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 650 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Three‐Component Sulfa‐Michael/Aldol Cascade Reaction and Its Application to the Synthesis of Thioaryl Substituted (‐)‐Bestatin Derivatives.
Authors: Hou Wenduan , Wei Qi , Peng Yungui
Published: July 2016

The scalable reaction between aromatic nitroalkenes, arene thiols and glyoxylates delivers γ‐sulfur‐β‐nitro‐α‐hydroxy esters in very high yields and with excellent diastereo and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Selective Imine Synthesis from Nitriles and Secondary Alcohols under Hydrogen Acceptor‐ and Base‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kim Daeun , Kang Byungjoon , Hong Soon Hyeok
Published: July 2016

22 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of α‐Branched Cyclic Ketones to Allenamides Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Toste F. Dean
Published: July 2016

An all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter is generated in the title reaction and the products can be further transformed to ketoaldehyde derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Arylketones from Aromatic Acids via Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling.
Authors: Wu Hongxiang , Xu Baiping , Li Yue , Hong Fengying , Zhu Dezhao , Jian Junsheng , Pu Xiaoer , Zeng Zhuo
Published: July 2016

2‐Chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine is used to form an intermediary triazenyl ester which undergoes the coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aerobic Alternative to Oxidative Ozonolysis of Styrenes.
Authors: Urgoitia Garazi , SanMartin Raul , Herrero Maria Teresa , Dominguez Esther
Published: July 2016

Mono‐, 1,1‐di‐, 1,2‐di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted alkenes are oxidized in a highly effective, scalable manner using abundant, environmentally benign oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Enantioselective Direct Mannich‐Type Reaction Using a Chiral Bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane Catalyst.
Authors: Takeda Tadahiro , Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro
Published: July 2016

The title transformation is based on the generally highly diastereoselective and highly enantioselective reaction of α‐iminophenylacetate esters with α‐substituted thionolactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Reaction Between N‐Aryl α‐Amino Acid Esters and Phenols or Phenol Derivative for Synthesis of α‐Aryl α‐Amino Acid Esters.
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: July 2016

A range of N‐arylglycine esters react with variously functionalized phenol derivatives in an ortho‐selective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Hydration of Ynamides: Convenient Approach to Amides.
Authors: Huang Hai , Tang Luning , Xi Yang , He Guangke , Zhu Hongjun
Published: July 2016

N‐monosubstituted amides are prepared by TFA‐mediated hydration of ynamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Functionalized Tetrahydrocarbazoles Enabled by Asymmetric Relay Catalysis of Gold Complex and Chiral Broensted Acid.
Authors: Zhao Feng , Li Nan , Zhu Yi‐Fan , Han Zhi‐Yong
Published: July 2016

The novel title synthesis is based on an intramolecular hydroamination/Michael addition cascade which affords the products with two stereogenic centers in excellent yields and with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Roles of Methyl Ketones in Radziszewski‐Type Reaction: Formal [2 + 1 + 1 + 1] Synthesis of 1,2,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Gao Qinghe , Wu Xia , Geng Xiao , Wu Yan‐Dong , Wu Anxin
Published: July 2016

Methyl ketones serve concurrently as α‐dicarbonyl compound and as aldehydes for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade for the Construction of Carbonyl‐Containing Quinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones.
Authors: Wang Shi‐Sheng , Fu Hong , Shen Yuehai , Sun Meng , Li Ya‐Min
Published: July 2016

In this novel method, α‐keto acids as well as aldehydes are applied to give the title compounds from 2‐cyanoarylacrylamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Competitive Intramolecular C—C vs. C—O Bond Coupling Reactions Toward C6 Ring‐Fused 2‐Pyridone Synthesis.
Authors: Lepitre T. , Pintiala C. , Muru K. , Comesse S. , Rebbaa A. , Lawson A. M. , Daich A.
Published: July 2016

Conditions for selective intramolecular C—O and C—C coupling reactions in N,3,5‐trisubstituted pyridones are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Chiral C2‐Symmetric NHC‐AuCl Complex.
Authors: Nakada Masahisa , Okitsu Naoya , Yoshida Takuya , Usui Kensuke
Published: July 2016

A new chiral C2 symmetric NHC ligand bearing two seven‐membered rings that connect the imidazolylidene with the binaphthyl units is synthesized and utilized in a AuCl‐complex in catalytic asymmetric ene‐yne cyclizations.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Chloro‐4‐tetrafluorophenoxypyrimidine: A Versatile Reagent for C‐2 Prior to C‐4 Functionalizations.
Authors: O'Donnell Michael , Charrier Jean‐Damien
Published: July 2016

2,4‐Substituted pyrimidines are prepared by C‐2 functionalization of 2‐chloro‐4‐tetrafluorophenoxypyrimidine (I) by cross‐coupling reactions followed by SNAr displacement at C‐4 position with a variety of amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Rottlerin and Its Two Subunits.
Authors: Li Yangfeng , Yu Biao , Wang Renxiao
Published: July 2016

Rottlerin (I) is obtained from readily available materials in eleven steps with 20% overall yield via phenol‐aldehyde condensation as the key reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Sensing Applications of Gold Nanodots
Authors: Ravindranath Rini , Roy Prathik , Chang Huan‐Tsung
Published: July 2016

Review: [35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Functionalization in Metal—Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Wang Hao , Peng Junjie , Li Jing
Published: July 2016

Review: [47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Lanthanide Chemistry in Asymmetric Catalysis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Allen Matthew J.
Published: July 2016

Review: [41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Recognition of Carboxylates—Receptors, Analytical Tools, and More
Authors: Ulatowski Filip , Jurczak Janusz
Published: July 2016

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biodegradable Polysaccharides for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Pushpamalar Janarthanan , Veeramachineni Anand Kumar , Owh Cally , Loh Xian Jun
Published: July 2016

Review: [141 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles with Near‐Infrared‐to‐Near‐Infrared Luminescence for Bioimaging
Authors: Wei Yurong , Yang Xiangdong , Ma Yurou , Wang Shengfu , Yuan Quan
Published: July 2016

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spectroscopy to Follow Reaction Progress in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Butler Bradley J. , Thomas Donald S. , Hook James M. , Harper Jason B.
Published: July 2016

Review: 54 refs.
­Effect of the rheological properties on the mixing of Herschel‐Bulkley fluids with coaxial mixers: Applications of tomography, CFD, and response surface methodology
Authors: Kazemzadeh Argang , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad , Lohi Ali , Pakzad Leila
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this novel research was to evaluate the influence of the rheological parameters of Herschel‐Bulkley fluids (e.g. xanthan gum solution) such as consistency index, power‐law index, and yield stress, on the mixing performance of a coaxial mixer (Scaba‐anchor) at distinct speed ratios in terms of the mixing time and power consumption. The mixing time of opaque xanthan gum solution was measured by electrical resistance tomography (ERT). A CFD model was developed for the 3D simulation of the fluid flow generated by the coaxial mixer. The rotation of the coaxial impellers was modelled employing the sliding mesh method. The experimental measurements of power drawn and mixing time were used to validate the CFD model. The results showed that both the mixing time and power consumption increased with increasing the consistency index and yield stress, while the mixing time and power drawn decreased with a rise in the power‐law index. The design of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) were carried out to investigate the interaction between independent variables. The result showed that the interaction between the consistency index and yield stress was the most important one. The RSM analysis demonstrated that the consistency index and speed ratio had major influences on the mixing efficiency of the coaxial mixing system. Mixing time values for the coaxial mixer correlated well with the Reynolds number and specific power consumption.
Dioxonaphthoimidazoliums are Potent and Selective Rogue Stem Cell Clearing Agents with SOX2‐Suppressing Properties
Authors: Ho Si‐Han Sherman , Ali Azhar , Ng Yi‐Cheng , Lam Kuen‐Kuen Millie , Wang Shu , Chan Woon‐Khiong , Chin Tan‐Min , Go Mei‐Lin
Published: July 2016

Pluripotent stem cells are uniquely positioned for regenerative medicine, but their clinical potential can only be realized if their tumorigenic tendencies are decoupled from their pluripotent properties. Deploying small molecules to remove remnant undifferentiated pluripotent cells, which would otherwise transform into teratomas and teratomacarcinomas, offers several advantages over non‐pharmacological methods. Dioxonapthoimidazolium YM155, a survivin suppressant, induced selective and potent cell death of undifferentiated stem cells. Herein, the structural requirements for stemotoxicity were investigated and found to be closely aligned with those essential for cytotoxicity in malignant cells. There was a critical reliance on the quinone and imidazolium moieties but a lesser dependence on ring substituents, which served mainly to fine‐tune activity. Several potent analogues were identified which, like YM155, suppressed survivin and decreased SOX2 in stem cells. The decrease in SOX2 would cause an imbalance in pluripotent factors that could potentially prompt cells to differentiate and hence decrease the risk of aberrant teratoma formation. As phosphorylation of the NF‐κB p50 subunit was also suppressed, the crosstalk between phospho‐p50, SOX2, and survivin could implicate a causal role for NF‐κB signaling in mediating the stem cell clearing properties of dioxonaphthoimidazoliums.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA of pelvic lesions: A large single‐center experience
Authors: Hassan Galab M. , Paquin Sarto C. , Albadine Roula , Gariépy Gilles , Soucy Geneviève , Nguyen Bich N. , Sahai Anand V.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Pelvic endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (PEUS‐FNA) of rectal or perirectal lesions is safe, minimally invasive, and well tolerated. It provides valuable information, which can greatly influence patient management. Herein, the authors present what to their knowledge is the largest series to date of PEUS‐FNA.

METHODS

PEUS‐FNA specimens were retrieved from the archives of the study institution from January 2001 to March 2015. Only patients with solid pelvic lesions were examined. The cytopathology findings, immunohistochemistry, corresponding histology, and clinical data were collected. For analysis of accuracy, atypical or suspicious results were classified as “negative.” The sensitivity and specificity of PEUS‐FNA were calculated in a subset of patients with available surgical pathology.

RESULTS

A total of 127 cases meeting the current study criteria were obtained from patients who underwent PEUS‐FNA at the study institution between January 2001 and March 2015. The mean age of the patients was 60 years, and 53% were female. Pelvic lesions were comprised of 72% masses and 28% lymph nodes, with a mean mass diameter of 27.38 mm (range, 5‐100 mm). PEUS‐FNA was positive for malignancy in 45% of cases, atypical/suspicious in 4.7% of cases, and negative for malignancy in 50.3% of cases. Surgical pathology was available for 44 patients. PEUS‐FNA demonstrated 89.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, a diagnostic accuracy of 93.2%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 84.2%. No complications were noted.

CONCLUSIONS

PEUS‐FNA is safe and effective for the investigation of pelvic lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:836‐41. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Investigating the personality associations evoked by single colors: An exploratory study
Authors: Wu Zhiming , Lin Tao
Published: July 2016

Despite the crucial role of color appearance in forming first impressions, it is still not clear how color evokes personality associations—that is, a color‐personality association (CPA). This study aims to propose a method for quantifying the relationships between color attributes and CPAs for single colors. Specifically, we first collected the CPAs of five traits evoked by single colors (i.e., extraverted–introverted, moody–unemotional, agreeable–disagreeable, organized–disorganized, and wide interests–narrow interests) in a carefully controlled experiment. Then, multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were adopted to predict these CPAs based on three color attributes (lightness, chroma, and hue). Our results showed that (1) the personality associations could be evoked by colors and perceived consistently by observers; (2) the relationships between the color attributes and the CPAs could be well quantified by separately conducting MLR analyses in different regions of hue (i.e., red, green, blue, and yellow regions); and (3) both lightness and chroma were significant predictors in almost all predictive models and they might have different relative importance or directions of effect when predicting the CPAs in different regions of hue, even for the same trait. This study improves the understanding of how color evokes personality associations and takes the first step toward developing the method for predicting the CPAs for multicolor combinations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 388–396, 2017
An Unprecedented Photochemical Reaction for Anthracene‐Containing Derivatives
Authors: Zhao Jiang‐Lin , Jiang Xue‐Kai , Wu Chong , Wang Chuan‐Zeng , Zeng Xi , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko
Published: July 2016

A series of anthracene‐containing derivatives have been synthesised and characterised. The photochemical behaviour of these derivatives have been investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. An unprecedented photolysis reaction for anthracene‐containing derivatives was observed in the case of anthracenes directly armed with a ‐CH2O‐R group upon UV irradiation. The photolysis reaction process has been demonstrated to occur in three steps. Firstly, the anthracene‐containing derivatives are converted into the corresponding endoperoxide intermediate upon UV irradiation in the presence of air; then, the endoperoxide intermediate is decomposed to the corresponding starting compound and 9‐anthraldehyde; finally, 9‐anthraldehyde is further oxidised to anthraquinone. Additionally, the photolysis reaction of anthracene‐containing derivatives is significantly promoted in the presence of a thiacalix[4]arene platform.
The Effects of Waiting for Treatment: A Meta‐Analysis of Waitlist Control Groups in Randomized Controlled Trials for Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Steinert Christiane , Stadter Katja , Stark Rudolf , Leichsenring Falk
Published: July 2016

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent mental disorder. However, little is known about how SAD changes in subjects who do not receive treatment. Waitlist control groups (WLCGs) are frequently included in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of mental disorders. Data from WLCGs are of value as they provide information on the untreated short‐term course of a disorder and may serve as disorder‐specific norms of change (benchmarks) against which treatment outcomes of SAD can be compared. Thus, we performed a meta‐analysis focusing on the effects occurring in WLCGs of RCTs for SAD.

Our study was conducted along the PRISMA guidelines. Thirty RCTs (total n = 2460) comprising 30 WLCGs and 47 treatment groups were included. Mean waiting time was 10.6 weeks. The pooled effect of waiting on SAD measures was g = 0.128 (95% CI: 0.057–0.199). Effects regarding other forms of anxiety, depression and functioning were of similarly small size. In contrast, change in the treatment groups was large, both within (g = 0.887) and between groups (g = 0.860). Our results show that for SAD, changes occurring in WLCGs of RCTs are small. The findings may serve as benchmarks in pilot studies of a new treatment or as an additional comparison in studies comparing two active treatments. For psychotherapy research in general, the small effect sizes found in WLCGs confirm that testing a treatment against a waiting list is not a very strict test. Further research on WLCGs in specific mental disorders is required, for example examining the expectancies of patients randomized to waiting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

In clinical practice, patients suffering from a mental disorder often have to wait for treatment. By analyzing data from waitlist control groups we can gain estimates of symptom change that occur during waiting.

It could be seen that waiting for treatment only results in a negligible effect. Thus, in the short‐term (i.e., 10.6 weeks) time is no healer in social anxiety disorder.

Our results are similar to previous meta‐analyses on the effects of waiting in other disorders, e.g., depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Reporting to an interim supervisor: Tips for success
Authors: Fatzinger Jim B.
Published: July 2016

As institutions seek innovative ways of saving costs, minimizing risk, and filling key leadership roles on campus, the “interim” title permeates higher education postings across the United States. Abundant advice has been published for those willing to accept the opportunities and challenges associated with an interim leadership role. Less literature, however, exists on “lessons learned” from those in positions reporting to an interim supervisor.
Benchmark your institution against peer institutions nationwide
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2016

If there's one word that describes postsecondary institutions in the United States, it's diverse. First‐year undergraduate students in 2014–15 could choose from 4,207 degree‐granting institutions, according to The Condition of Education, 2016, published by the National Center for Education Statistics.
Conduct an effective campus climate survey in 10 steps
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2016

The reasons for conducting a campus climate survey have become more convincing than ever. And it's not just the pressure from student activists and the media. Many colleges and universities lack objective data needed to shape effective campus response and programming to address sexual assault, dating violence, and gender‐based stalking. The federal government said campus climate surveys are a critical tool for limiting the effects of sexual violence and reducing its reoccurrence. The Office for Civil Rights frequently includes campus climate surveys in its agreements. And some states now require campus climate surveys, including Maryland, New York, Louisiana, and Massachusetts.
Make enrollment management everyone's job
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: July 2016

Angela Tekely, Ed.D., loves commencement day. As dean of the College of LifeLong Learning and assistant vice president of academic affairs at Immaculata University, she has watched the adult learners gain confidence as they complete their degrees. They make a conscious decision to go to college, even though they have so much going on with their lives, she said. Many of them come in tentatively saying, “I think I want to finish.” But by graduation day, they walk out with confidence, she said.
Environmental impact assessment of veterinary drug on fish aquaculture for food safety
Authors: Kwon Jin‐Wook
Published: July 2016

The degradation of veterinary drugs approved for use in aquaculture is very important in the evaluation of the impact of these drugs on the environment and to ensure safe food production. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance on how the interpretation of environmental fate data can be used by applicants to aid in protecting the environment and for the basis for food production, by suggesting the correct interpretation of data as part of an effective registration process. Tests were performed using a modification of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) 308 guideline using erythromycin and oxolinic acid under combinations of aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with and without sediment, in sea water and fresh water. Estimated DT50s of erythromycin in fresh and sea water ranged from 6.8 to 37.9 days and estimated DT90s were from 22.6 to 125.9 days. Degradation was more rapid in fresh water than in sea water with the formation of three degradation products: anhydroerythomycin A, erythromycin A enol ether, and pseudoerythomycin A enol ether. Estimated DT50s of oxolinic acid in fresh and sea water were from 10.3 to 63.0 days and estimated DT90s were from 34.3 to 209.4 days which suggests that oxolinic acid is more persistent in the environment than erythromycin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an LC‐MS/MS analytical method for the simultaneous measurement of aldehydes from polyunsaturated fatty acids degradation in animal feed
Authors: Douny Caroline , Bayram Pinar , Brose François , Degand Guy , Scippo Marie‐Louise
Published: July 2016

Knowing that polyunsaturated fatty acids can lead to the formation of potentially toxic aldehydes as secondary oxidation products, an analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) detection was developed to measure the concentration of eight aldehydes in animal feed: malondialdehyde (MDA), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal (4‐HHE), crotonaldehyde (CRT), benzaldehyde (BNZ), hexanal (HXL), 2,4‐nonadienal, and 2,4‐decadienal. The developed method was validated according to the criteria and procedure described in international standards. The evaluated parameters were specificity/selectivity, recovery, precision, accuracy, uncertainty, limits of detection and quantification, using the concept of accuracy profiles. These parameters were determined during experiments conducted over three different days with ground Kellogg's® Corn Flakes® cereals as model matrix for animal feed and spiked at different levels of concentration. Malondialdehyde, 4‐HHE, 4‐HNE, crotonaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and hexanal can be analyzed in the same run in animal feed with a very good accuracy, with recovery rates ranging from 86 to 109% for a working range going from 0.16 to 12.50 mg/kg. The analysis of 2,4‐nonadienal and 2,4‐decadienal can also be performed but in a limited range of concentration and with a limited degree of accuracy. Their recovery rates ranged between 54 and 114% and coefficient of variation for the intermediate precision between 11 and 25% for these two compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of validated analytical methods in JECFA drug assessments and evaluation for recommending MRLs
Authors: Boison Joe O.
Published: July 2016

The Joint Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is one of three Codex committees tasked with applying risk analysis and relying on independent scientific advice provided by expert bodies organized by FAO/WHO when developing standards. While not officially part of the Codex Alimentarius Commission structure, JECFA provides independent scientific advice to the Commission and its specialist committees such as the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (CCRVDF) in setting maximum residue limits (MRLs) for veterinary drugs. Codex methods of analysis (Types I, II, III, and IV) are defined in the Codex Procedural Manual as are criteria to be used for selecting methods of analysis. However, if a method is to be used under a single laboratory condition to support regulatory work, it must be validated according to an internationally recognized protocol and the use of the method must be embedded in a quality assurance system in compliance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005. This paper examines the attributes of the methods used to generate residue depletion data for drug registration and/or licensing and for supporting regulatory enforcement initiatives that experts consider to be useful and appropriate in their assessment of methods of analysis. Copyright © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Drug Testing and Analysis © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.