bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О ДЕЙСТВИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОЙ ДОБАВКИ, ПОДАВЛЯЮЩЕЙ ЦЕПНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕАКЦИИ В ВОДОРОДНО-ВОЗДУШНЫХ СМЕСЯХ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, БЕЛЯЕВ А. А. , ЕРМОЛАЕВ Б. С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, ГОРДОПОЛОВА И. С. ,   Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А. Г. Мержанова Российской академии наук
Published: March 2024

Ингибирующее действие небольших добавок углеводородов на горение и взрыв водородновоздушных смесей доказано экспериментальными данными по детонации и горению богатых композиций. Механизм, предложенный в работах отечественных авторов, связан с особенностями протекания разветвленных цепных реакций. Математическое моделирование детонации водородно-воздушных смесей с добавкой пропилена подтвердило эффект. Однако в этих работах детальная химическая кинетика распространялась только на водородно-воздушную смесь. В данной работе детальная кинетика применена ко всем компонентам смеси. Решение получено для трех модельных задач: самовоспламенение в реакторе постоянного объема, распространение ламинарного пламени и зажигание газа нагретой проволокой. Объектами исследования были стехиометрическая смесь водорода (29,6 %(об.)) с воздухом без добавок и с 1%-ной добавкой пропилена. Расчеты показали, что помимо молекул пропилена в химических реакциях участвуют продукты его разложения и окисления. При этом они не только способны присоединять атомарный водород, вызывая обрыв цепей, но в определенных условиях могут его и генерировать. Сильный эффект ингибирования получен в задаче о самовоспламенении (начальное давление 1 атм) при начальной температуре 1000 K: добавка пропилена вызвала рост задержки воспламенения более чем на два порядка величины. Однако как при увеличении, так и при уменьшении начальной температуры (исследован интервал от 800 до 1400 К) эффект ингибирования почти полностью исчезает. Отсутствует ингибирование в расчетах нормальной скорости горения (добавка пропилена снижает скорость горения всего на 11%) и критических условий зажигания накаленной проволокой. Даются объяснения полученных эффектов с использованием скоростей ведущих химических реакций и физических особенностей рассмотренных задач.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОБАВОК СО И СО2 НА ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА ПРИ ПАРОВОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ МЕТАНА ИЗ ПРОДУКТОВ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ БИОМАССЫ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, АХУНЬЯНОВ А.Р. , ВЛАСОВ П.А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ», СМИРНОВ В.Н. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, АРУТЮНОВ А.В. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, АРУТЮНОВ В.С. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии Российской академии наук
Published: March 2024

Проведено детальное кинетическое моделирование процесса получения синтез-газа при паровой конверсии различных бескислородных смесей метана с добавками Н2, СО и СО2, сильно разбавленных аргоном, с учетом образования микрогетерогенных частиц сажи в газовой фазе в условиях непостоянной температуры. В таких смесях, характерных для продуктов газификации биомассы, в качестве окислителя выступали добавки Н2О, СО и СО2. Проведено прямое сравнение кинетических расчетов авторов с результатами экспериментов в нагреваемом проточном реакторе, в которых количественно определялись концентрации исходных, промежуточных и конечных продуктов конверсии метана в смесях с добавками Н2, Н2О, СО и СО2. Эксперименты и расчеты проводили в интервале температур 1100-1800 К при атмосферном давлении для времени реакции t = 0,68 с. Были проведены детальные расчеты процесса сажеобразования для всех исследованных смесей и условий экспериментов. Сопоставление результатов кинетических расчетов авторов с результатами экспериментов и расчетов, выполненных в нагреваемом проточном реакторе, позволило оценить влияние процесса сажеобразования на процесс паровой конверсии метана в смесях с добавками Н2, СО и СО2. Были проанализированы два пути расходования атомов углерода из реагирующей системы: первый путь гетерогенное осаждение молекул ацетилена из газовой фазы на поверхность реактора с последующим образованием твердого углерода; второй путь гомогенное образование частиц сажи из зародышей в газовой фазе.
РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДА МЕХАНОАКТИВАЦИИ ТЕРМИТНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, ДОЛГОБОРОДОВ А. Ю. ,   Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук, БОРОДИНА Т. И. ,   Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук, КИРИЛЕНКО В. Г. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, ЯНКОВСКИЙ Б. Д. ,   Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук, ВАЛЬЯНО Г. Е. ,   Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук, СТРЕЛЕЦКИЙ А. Н. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН, ВОРОБЬЕВА Г. А. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук
Published: March 2024

Проанализирован процесс механоактивации термитных составов на основе смесей порошков алюминия с твердыми окислителями. Приведены новые данные по изменению фазового состава в процессе активации алюминия в смеси с оксидом меди и оптимальным условиям получения механоактивированных композитов в планетарной мельнице. Получены быстрогорящие составы, сравнимые с составами на основе наноразмерных компонентов по скоростям горения и параметрам лазерного инициирования.
НОВЫЕ АЛГОРИТМЫ И СТРУКТУРЫ ДАННЫХДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЧИСЛЕННЫХ СХЕМ В СТАНДАРТЕ ЯЗЫКА ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ C++23
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, КРУПКИН В. Г. , МОХИН Г. Н. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН
Published: March 2024

В новую версию стандарта и библиотеки стандартных шаблонов (STL, Standard Template Library) языка программирования C++, вышедшую в конце 2023 г., включены новые алгоритмы и структуры данных. В статье описана работа с этими новыми возможностями: многомерными массивами (std::mdspan) и функциями библиотеки линейной алгебры (std::linalg). С их помощью открываются новые возможности ускорения численных схем для научных расчетов, в том числе для моделирования задач горения на персональных компьютерах и высокопроизводительных кластерах. Показано, что внедрение новых функций позволяет существенно сократить затраты на проектирование, написание и отладку кода, который может быть объектно-ориентированным и допускает повторное использование на разных архитектурах. При этом производительность вычислений остается на прежнем низком уровне процедурных подходов к программированию в стиле языка C. В качестве примера применения указанных возможностей приведены результаты расчета зажигания прямого угла поверхностью постоянной температуры.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL ANGKA MELALUI MEDIA KARTU ANGKA BERGAMBAR DI TK CAHAYA MULYA PALARAN TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Damayanti Sri , Arbayah  , Sjamsir Hasbi
Published: March 2024

Improving the Ability to Recognize Numbers through Group B Picture Number Card Media at TK Cahaya Mulya Palaran Learning Year 2020/2021 (guided by Munir, M.Si). The purpose of the study to find out whether the ability to recognize the numbers of group B students can increase through the media of picture number cards at TK Cahaya Mulya Palaran Type of Research is classroom action research (PTK). The study was carried out for 10 days, from March 25 to April 8, 2021. The subjects of the study were grade B students of Cahaya Mulya Palaran Kindergarten with a total of 16 students. The learning method through playing using picture number cards serves as an effective and fun learning model, students more easily and quickly grasp the goals and teaching materials because it is done by playing. The results showed that this method can improve the ability to recognize numbers through the media of picture number cards in group B students of Cahaya Mulya Palaran Kindergarten. End of cycle II h..
After The COVID-19 Pandemic, Nurses' Attitudes Toward The Use Of Herbs For Seasonal Influenza in Türkiye
Authors: Molu Birsel , Yıldırım Keskin Alev
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aims to examine the attitude of nurses toward the use of herbal therapies for seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This descriptive study was completed with 153 nurses working in shifts at the university hospital. This study was conducted between April 1, 2023, and May 1, 2023. The data were collected in the form of an online questionnaire with the "Introductory Information Form" prepared by the researchers in line with the literature, and the "Attitudes Towards Using Complementary Therapies Scale".
Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.84±6.32 years. Among the nurses who participated in the study, 58.2% stated that they had COVID-19 disease in the previous years (2019–2022), and 41.8% had seasonal flu this year (2023). The majority of nurses (91.5%) reported knowing herbal methods, and 39.2% reported using social media as a source of herbal method information. Demographic factors did not significantly affect COVID-19 and seasonal influenza status, herbal treatment knowledge or use. However, gender, education and marital status played a role in participation in herbal treatment.
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that nurses who experienced seasonal influenza after the COVID-19 pandemic had positive attitudes toward the use of herbal treatment during influenza. The most frequently used methods for herbal treatment include herbal teas, the use of herbal oils, and mixtures. In the study, it was found that nurses used rosemary tea, chamomile oil, and black cumin honey mixtures the most, respectively.
Using a Social Application to Manage Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Liu Hong , Peng Hongying , Cheng Chunxia , Wang Meng , Mi Chunmei , Feng Guo , Wu Jinru , Nie Hao , Wu Jiaoyang , Luo Yufang , Liu Min
Published: March 2024

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increasing globally, which has led to substantial implications for long-term maternal health including diabetes. The present study aimed to explore the rate of postpartum glucose screening (PGS) of women with GDM based on WeChat management and explore factors affecting the rate of PGS and impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Methods: In this prospective trial, GDM patients were enrolled in our WeChat platform groups. Demographic and medical data were collected at the baseline surveys and follow-up visits. GDM patients were managed throughout their pregnancies via the WeChat platform. We sent messages, involving multidisciplinary care, medical nutritional therapy, and glucose monitoring every three days in the chat groups, and reminded them to go to the hospital to complete PGS. Questionnaires about PGS via the WeChat platform were sent to those women who had delivered within 4 to 12 weeks postpartum. Answers to the questionnaires [understanding the necessity of postpartum oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) screening, and the results of 42-day postpartum OGTT screening, as well as the reasons for failing to finish postpartum screening, and the ways to get nutrition knowledge for GDM patients] were collected. Results: From 1 January 2016 to 31 August 2019, 490 participants were included in our WeChat groups, 375 of whom completed questionnaires. Among the 375 participants, 277 (73.9%) had completed post-partum 75 g OGTT, 202 (72.9%) had normal glucose levels, and 75 (27.1%) had impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Univariable logistic analysis and stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that a previous history of GDM and cesarean delivery were the two variables influencing PGS (odds ratio (OR): 0.44, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.20–0.94; OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.04–3.39, respectively). Insulin treatment during pregnancy and cesarean delivery were found to have a significant association with postpartum IGR (OR: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.97–7.08; OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.02–3.28, respectively). Conclusions: The WeChat messaging platform may be a useful tool to promote postpartum OGTT screening in women with GDM. Women who failed to return for PGS were more likely to have prior GDM than those who returned for PGS. Women who had postpartum IGR were more likely to use insulin treatment during pregnancy and more likely to deliver by cesarean delivery compared to those who had normal postpartum glucose results. Clinical Trial Registration: The present study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ (No. NCT02893072).
Association of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness with Brain Microstructural Changes in Participants with White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Wu Yucong , Yan Jueyue , Xu Lu , Xu Chunfei , Zhao Meiqi , Zhan Zhenxiang , Lu Yi , Liu Xiaozhen , Cao Yungang , Han Zhao
Published: March 2024

Purpose: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is suggested to cause stroke and dementia in older adults. Retinal structural thicknesses revealed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) are associated with structural changes in the brain. We aimed to explore the association between the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cerebral microstructural changes in participants with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Methods: Seventy-four participants (37 controls, healthy control (HC), and 37 older adults with WMH) underwent retinal and brain imaging using OCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) respectively. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was assessed by the OCT. Gray matter volume (GMV) was assessed from a T1-weighted MRI. White matter integrity was assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) while WMH severity was assessed with the Fazekas scale. All participants underwent a neuropsychological examination (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). Results: Older adults with WMH showed thinner peripapillary RNFL (p = 0.004) thickness when compared with the control group after adjusting for age, hypertension and gender. In our older adults with WMH, RNFL thickness correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) (Rho = –0.331, p < 0.001). In older adults with WMH, RNFL was significantly associated with MMSE scores (Rho = 0.422, p < 0.001) and Fazekas scores (Rho = –0.381, p = 0.022) respectively. Conclusions: We suggest neurodegeneration of peripapillary RNFL in older adults with WMH was associated with cerebral microstructural volume, impaired cerebral axonal damage, and cognitive performances. OCT metrics may provide evidence of neurodegeneration that may underpin WMH and cerebral microstructural changes in the brain. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered online at the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17011819).
Understanding drivers’ perspectives on the use of driver monitoring systems during automated driving: Findings from a qualitative focus group study
Authors: Coyne Rory , Hanlon Michelle , Smeaton Alan , Corcoran Peter , Walsh Jane C
Published: March 2024

With the introduction of automated driving, drivers can delegate responsibility of the driving task to an automated system. In some situations, however, human intervention may still be necessary. Driver fatigue exacerbated by prolonged automated driving can imperil the safety of transitions of control between automated system and human driver. Driver monitoring systems (DMS) are therefore necessary to assess the driver's mental state in real-time and oversee the safety of automated driving by ensuring that the driver is cognitively ready to take over when necessary. While automated driving and DMS will afford several distinct advantages that can improve the safety and experience of driving, little is known concerning how drivers themselves perceive these technologies. The present study was therefore conducted to examine drivers' perspectives on the use of DMS during automated driving, using a qualitative focus group approach. A reflexive thematic analysis of the data generated five themes. These themes illustrate that drivers perceive DMS within automated driving as a supplemental but non-essential layer of support that comes with considerable costs to their perceived privacy, autonomy, and their enjoyment derived from the experience of driving. Concerns regarding the perceived reliability of DMS were also raised. Recommendations for future empirical and practical work are also provided.
Review of Microwave and RF Photonic Channelizers using Optical Kerr Microcomb Sources
Authors: Moss David
Published: March 2024

In recent decades, microwave photonic channelization has developed rapidly. Characterized by low loss, high versatility, large instantaneous bandwidth, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, microwave photonic channelization techniques coincides with the requirements of modern radar and electronic warfare for receivers. The advanced microresonator-based optical frequency combs are promising platforms for the research of the photonic channelized receivers, which take full advantage of multicarrier and large bandwidth, and accelerate the integration process of microwave photonic channelized receivers. In this paper, we review the research progress and trends in microwave photonic channelization, focusing on schemes that utilize integrated microcombs. Finally, we discuss the potentials of microcomb-based RF channelization, as well as the challenges and limitations, and provide routes and perspectives for future developments in the context of on-chip silicon-based photonics.
Accessing Acute Care Hospitals in the San Francisco Bay after a Major Hayward Earthquake
Authors: Ceferino Luis , Kukunoor Charan , Mao Dan , Xu Xinlu , Wu Jingzhe , Zsarnóczay Adam
Published: March 2024

Earthquakes can severely disrupt healthcare services for many communities, especially in dense cities. Here, we study the acute care hospital system in San Francisco Bay, California, to identify the most impacted communities after a magnitude 7.25 earthquake on the Hayward Fault. We integrate seismic hazard information with unique granular infrastructure vulnerability and connectivity data for 76 acute care hospitals with 426 buildings and 16,639 beds. We leverage the rich data to formulate a coupled risk-network model that anticipates infrastructure failures and cascading effects affecting healthcare access. We show that the bed capacity within hospital buildings can be reduced to 49%. In East Bay, Alameda County will concentrate most losses, preserving only 19% of capacity. We also found that communities will travel disparately longer to access functioning hospitals, reshaping healthcare access across the entire Bay. The regional travel time will increase by 27%, but at micro-urban scales, increases are way higher and can be above 400% in East Bay. This study demonstrates the urgent need to prepare emergency plans and strengthen the healthcare infrastructure.
Introspective access or retrospective inference? Mind wandering reports are shaped by performance feedback
Authors: Polychroni Naya , Konishi Mahiko , Steinecker Isa , Terhune Devin B
Published: March 2024

Most mind wandering (MW) paradigms use self-reports following task performance, but the extent to which these reports are confounded by performance cues is unknown. In two experiments, we examined whether self-reports and confidence therein are influenced by performance indicators during visual metronome response tasks. In Experiment 1, we found that sham feedback modulated reports independently of behavioural performance with participants more likely to report MW after incorrect than correct sham feedback. In Experiment 2, we replicated this pattern using a more implicit manipulation of perceived performance, a surreptitious delay in the onset of response targets. Participants were more likely to report MW after delay than control trials. In both experiments, confidence in on-task reports was lower when the corresponding indicator (falsely) implied poor performance. These findings suggest that MW reports and experiential state confidence are partly confounded by performance monitoring and have implications for a variety of experience sampling methodologies.
Interactive environments for training children's curiosity through the practice of metacognitive skills : a pilot study
Authors: ABDELGHANI Rania , Law Edith , Desvaux Chloé , Oudeyer Pierre-Yves , Sauzéon Hélène
Published: March 2024

Curiosity-driven learning has shown significant positive effects on students' learning experiences and outcomes. But despite this importance, reports show that children lack this skill, especially in formal educational settings.To address this challenge, we propose an 8-session workshop that aims to enhance children's curiosity through training a set of specific metacognitive skills we hypothesize are involved in its process. Our workshop contains animated videos presenting declarative knowledge about curiosity and the said metacognitive skills as well as practice sessions to apply these skills during a reading-comprehension task, using a web platform designed for this study (e.g. expressing uncertainty, formulating questions, etc). We conduct a pilot study with 15 primary school students, aged between 8 and 10. Our first results show a positive impact on children's metacognitive efficiency and their ability to express their curiosity through question-asking behaviors.
A Tutorial on Supervised Machine Learning Variable Selection Methods for the Social and Health Sciences in R
Authors: Bain Catherine , Shi Dingjing , Loeffelman Jordan , Norris Jordan E , Ethridge Lauren
Published: March 2024

With recent increases in the size of datasets currently available in the psychological sciences, the need for efficient and effective variable selection techniques has increased. A plethora of techniques exist, yet only a few are used within the psychological sciences (e.g., stepwise regression, which is most common, LASSO, and Elastic Net). The purpose of this tutorial is to increase awareness of the various variable selection methods available in the popular statistical software R, and guide researchers through how each method can be used to select variables in the context of classification using a recent survey-based assessment of misophonia. Specifically, readers will learn about how to implement and interpret results from the LASSO, Elastic Net, a penalized SVM classifier, an implementation of random forest, and the genetic algorithm. The associated code and data implemented in this tutorial are available on OSF to allow for a more interactive experience. This paper is written with the assumption that individuals have at least a basic understanding of R.
Investigating dynamics in attentive and inattentive responding together with their contextual correlates using a novel mixture IRT model for intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Vogelsmeier Leonie V. D. E. , Uglanova Irina , Rein Manuel T. , Ulitzsch Esther
Published: March 2024

In ecological momentary assessment (EMA), respondents answer brief questionnaires about their current behaviors or experiences several times per day across multiple days. The frequent measurement enables a thorough grasp of the dynamics inherent in psychological traits, but it also increases respondent burden. To lower this burden, respondents may engage in careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) and leave data contaminated with responses that do not reflect what researchers want to measure. We introduce a novel approach to investigate C/IER in EMA data. Our approach combines a confirmatory mixture item response theory model separating C/IER from attentive behavior with latent Markov factor analysis. This allows for (1) gauging the occurrence of C/IER and (2) studying transitions among states of different response behaviors as well as their contextual correlates. The approach can be implemented using standard R packages. In an empirical application, we showcase the efficacy of this approach in both pinpointing C/IER instances in EMA and gaining insights into their underlying causes. In a simulation study investigating robustness against unaccounted changes in measurement models underlying attentive responses, the approach proved robust against heterogeneity in loading patterns but not against heterogeneity in the factor structure. Extensions to accommodate the latter are discussed.
Dyadic body competence predicts movement synchrony during the mirror game
Authors: Moffat Ryssa , Roos Leonie , Casale Courtney , Cross Emily S.
Published: March 2024

The process of synchronizing our body movements with others is known to enhance rapport, affect, and prosociality. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that synchronizing activities may enhance cognitive performance. Unknown, by contrast, is the extent to which people’s individual traits and experiences influence their ability to achieve and maintain movement synchrony with another person, which is key for unlocking the social and affective benefits of movement synchrony. Here, we take a dyad-centered approach to gain a deeper understanding of the role of embodiment in achieving and maintaining movement synchrony. Using existing data, we assessed the relationship between body competence and body perception scores at the level of the dyad, and the dyad’s movement synchrony and complexity while playing a 2.5-minute movement mirroring game. The data revealed that dyadic body competence scores positively correlate with movement synchrony, but not complexity, and that dyadic body perception scores are not associated with movement synchrony or complexity. Movement synchrony was greater when the more experienced member of the dyad was responsible for copying movements. Finally, movement synchrony and complexity were stable across the duration of the mirror game. These findings show that movement synchrony is sensitive to the composition of the dyad involved, specifically the dyad’s embodiment, illuminating the value of dyadic approaches to understanding body movements in social contexts.
School Connectedness as a Protective Factor between Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Diggs Devin , Deniz Emre , Toseeb Umar
Published: March 2024

School connectedness may offset mental health risks associated with childhood adversity. The present study examined the potential protective effects of school connectedness against childhood adversity when predicting adolescent mental health outcomes in 9,964 individuals (51% female, 81% white) from the Millennium Cohort Study. Structural equation models (SEMs) were fitted to examine the longitudinal relationships between childhood adversity, school connectedness, and adolescent mental health. Childhood adversity was a risk factor, predicting greater internalising and externalising problems and lower levels of positive mental health. School connectedness was a promotive factor as it predicted fewer mental health problems and greater positive mental health. Furthermore, school connectedness at age 11 was protective against childhood adversity when predicting internalising and externalising problems at age 14. That is, students with a history of adversity who felt more connected to school were less likely to exhibit internalising and externalising symptoms than those who felt less connected to school. Only school connectedness at age 11 was protective against childhood adversity, indicating that feeling connected to school at younger ages may disrupt processes linking childhood adversity to adolescent mental health. Schools should foster students’ feelings of connectedness to protect vulnerable individuals and benefit all pupils’ mental health.
Cognitive load theory and informational entropy
Authors: Ashman Greg
Published: March 2024

Information stored in long-term memory is qualitatively different in nature from information available in the environment. It is proposed that this is because information in long-term memory is highly ordered and therefore in a low entropy state. In contrast, information in the environment has higher entropy and is more disordered. The low entropy state of information in long-term memory makes it more usable and may account for the effortless way in which it can be deployed when solving problems. Instructional implications of this view include that instruction may be viewed as the process of lowering the entropy of information so that it can be stored in long-term memory and that environmental information cannot be substituted for information held in long-term memory without a significant loss in efficiency and performance.
Non-Linear Treatment Effects, Distributions and Interactions
Authors: Serrano-Serrat Josep
Published: March 2024

This paper examines critical aspects of analyzing interactions with continuous treatment variables. A theoretical estimand is defined, the Average Interactive Effects, which is the mean of the difference in the slopes of the treatment variable at different levels of the moderator. Crucially, this theoretical estimand is distinct from the difference in Conditional Average Marginal Effects (CAME) at different levels of the moderator. The paper proposes a flexible parametric model that can be used to estimate three important pieces of information: i) predicted values at different levels of the moderator; ii) the difference in the slopes of the relationship between the treatment and the dependent variable at different values of the moderator; and iii) the mean of these slope differences. Simulations show that this approach is better than models that only estimatethe differences in the CAMEs. However, since the unbiasedness of the proposed method depends on the correct specification of the functional form, it is proposed to complement the parametric model with results from Generalized Additive Models. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by two examples.
The effects of marginalisation in areas of high political centralisation
Authors: Fierro Pedro , Rivera Sebastian , Brieba Daniel
Published: March 2024

Recent research indicates the existence of “places that don’t matter”, where residents harbour feelings of abandonment, prompting a tilt towards anti-system narratives. Yet, the effects of territorial marginalisation extend beyond voting behaviour, influencing deeper underlying factors. Utilising data from 9,924 cases in the region of Valparaiso in Chile, this study reveals that living in politically marginalised cities in contexts of high political centralisation correlates with reduced political knowledge and internal political efficacy, even when accounting for other sociodemographic characteristics. By focusing on territorial marginalisation, this analysis offers a fresh perspective on the interplay between individual sociodemographic characteristics and political engagement.
Understanding Young Caring in the UK Pre- and Post-COVID-19: Prevalence, Correlates, and Insights from Three UK Longitudinal Surveys
Authors: Letelier Alejandra , McMunn Anne , McGowan Andy , Neale Beth , Lacey Rebecca E
Published: March 2024

Background. Despite increasing awareness of young carers in recent years, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of both the prevalence and the characteristics of young carers. Our study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and characteristics of young carers. Methods. This research utilised data from three UK longitudinal surveys: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), the COVID Social Mobility and Opportunities (COSMO) study, and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). We focused on adolescents aged 16-18, and examined two pre-COVID (UKHLS and MCS) and two post-COVID (UKHLS and COSMO) samples. Results. The prevalence of young carers increased from 8.0% pre-COVID to 9.8-11.9% since COVID. Young carers were more commonly found in single-parent and socioeconomically disadvantaged households, with a higher prevalence of young carers in homes where parents were out of paid employment or held lower educational qualifications. Young carers were also more likely to reside in deprived areas. Most young carers engaged in low-intensity caring (< 10 hours/week), but post-COVID there was an increase in high-intensity caring (10+ hours/week), predominantly assumed by young female carers. The primary recipients of care were parents, followed by grandparents and siblings, with no change in the care recipient type since COVID. Conclusion. This study showed an increase in the prevalence of young carers, particularly those providing high-intensity care, since the onset of the COVID pandemic. Further, young carers were more likely to come from socioeconomically disadvantaged households and areas. Given the potential impacts that young caring can have on young peoples’ lives, it is imperative that support for young carers is increased, particularly for those facing multiple disadvantages. In tandem, services that support adult health and social care need to play a key role in identifying young carers.
Virtual Voices, Real Insights: Sentiment and Topic Analysis of Discussions about Educational Dropout in YouTube comments
Authors: Herrmann Lisa
Published: March 2024

The present study addresses the prevalent issue of high dropout rates in post-secondary education. It aims to expand understanding of the reasons for dropping out from both higher education (HE) and vocational education and training (VET) while also exploring the utilization of social media data as an approach for empirical educational research. Leveraging text mining approaches, such as topic modeling and sentiment analysis, the study analyzes comments from YouTube videos addressing dropout in HE and VET contexts. The research questions focus on the suitability of these methods for gaining insights into dropout phenomena, identifying relevant topics associated with dropout in both educational sectors, and the sentiments expressed towards dropout. Results suggest that comments on VET dropout videos often center around financial and working condition issues, while those on HE dropout videos are generally optimistic and future-focused. Overall, sentiments are primarily neutral to positive, with HE dropout comments being more positive than those on VET dropout.
Multi-Layer Perceptron Model for Dota 2 Game Results from UCI Using MLP Classifier
Authors: Yudhistira Galih , Aliya Widiastuti Pika , Rahyuni Rahyuni , Hastono Tri , Harry Pratisto Eko
Published: March 2024

Dota 2 is a genre game Moba in the PC (Personal Computer) system battle arena game online (online) with multiplayer ( bringing together 2 players in 1 machine ). Game Dota 2 consists of 2 opposing teams To get the victory, every team has 5 players who can choose hero 1 from 121 different heroes. Study This discusses the use of the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model to predict the results Dota 2 game. The author uses the UCI dataset containing historical data of Dota 2 matches, processed and trained with the MLP model using MLPClassifier from the scikit learn Python library. The data preprocessing process includes normalization features and handling of missing data. Training involves hyperparameter selection and validation cross To prevent overfitting. Although the MLP model is successful in predicting results with accuracy high, the author takes notes room For improvement, like additional features or the use of more models complex. In research, This obtained results with Accuracy Train results: 68.06%, Accuracy Test: 58.00%, Accuracy Precision: 58.53%, Accuracy Recall: 73.50%, Accuracy f1: 63.39%.
Efficacy and Safety of Glucocorticoid in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome caused by Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Xiangyang , Zhao Changyun , Hu Weihang , Lu Difan , Chen Changqin , Gong Shijin , Yan Jing , Mao Wenchao
Published: March 2024

Background:

Glucocorticoids are often used to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids in the treatment of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are still controversial; therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of the literature on this topic.

Methods:

Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from the establishment of the databases to August 16, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that compared glucocorticoid versus standard treatment for ARDS caused by COVID-19 were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions were used to evaluate the risk of bias. Review Manager 5.4 software and STATA 17.0 were used for meta-analy-sis, and the relative risk (RR), mean difference, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were then determined. Results: A total of 17 studies involving 8592 patients were evaluated, including 14 retrospective studies and 3 RCTs. Sixteen studies reported data on all-cause mortality. The results of the meta-analysis showed that glucocorticoids did not reduce all-cause (RR, 0.96; 95% CI 0.82–1.13, P = .62) or 28-day (RR, 1.01; 95% CI 0.78–1.32, P = .93) mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that only methylprednisolone reduced all-cause mortality. No matter whether glucocorticoid use was early or delayed, high-dose or low-dose, long-term or short-term, no regimen reduced all-cause mortality. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, hyperglycemia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); how-ever, glucocorticoids increased the number of ventilator-free days.

Conclusions:

Although methylprednisolone may reduce all-cause mortality from ARDS caused by COVID-19, this effect was not found with other types of glucocorticoids. At the same time, glucocorticoid use was associ-ated with more ventilator-free days, without increasing the incidence of hyperglycemic events or VAP. Con-sidering that almost all of the included studies were retrospective cohort studies, more RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
The Study of Neurons and Satellite Cells Under an Electron Microscope. Methodological Approaches
Authors: Akdeniz Melahat
Published: March 2024

The main contribution of electron microscopy was the solution of problems concerning Nissl's substance, the Golgi apparatus, neurofibrils, myelin sheath and synapses. However, many problems remain unresolved due to the special nature of the neuron and the complexity of the structure of its processes. The use of an electron microscope led to the emergence of ideas about the structure and functions of the endoplasmic reticulum, protein, myelin sheath, Schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier, synapses, and the contents of presynaptic endings. This article presents the elements of the peripheral nervous system, new information about them and functions that can be further used in the study of the mechanisms of the occurrence of diseases and methods of treatment.
Longitudinal Exploration of Strategies Advancing Continuing Professional Pharmacy Education in a Major University: an in- Depth Study on Impact
Authors: Hailemeskel Bisrat
Published: March 2024

Background: In the dynamic healthcare landscape, pharmacists contend with the challenge of staying current with evolving knowledge. Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) programs, play a pivotal role in addressing this need. This study focuses on a six-year evaluation of CPE programs at a College of Pharmacy, aiming to assess the impact of a multifaceted approach on various educational outcomes. Materials and Methods: The University College of Pharmacy Office of Continuing Professional Education implemented a multifaceted approach from 2017 to 2022. Changes included hiring a full-time coordinator, offering on-site and online programs, establishing partnerships, identifying knowledge gap through surveying participants, and enhancing digital presence beyond others. Data from this period were compared with the preceding six years (2010 2016). Evaluation metrics covered attendee the number and diversity, program growth, and professional impact. Results: The study showcased significant improvements in various aspects of CPE programs. Pharmacist attendees increased by 816.67%, with a notable rise in non-pharmacy participants. Geographical distribution saw a surge in out-of-state and international participants. Program content witnesseda shift towardsinfectious diseases and pain management. The number of CPE programsand awarded hours experienced a fivefold increase, reflecting a commitment to a diverse curriculum. Participant feedback consistently indicated high satisfaction with knowledge enhancement, applicability, and program usefulness. Conclusion: Over the six-year period,the evaluation revealedsubstantial advancements in our CPE programs. Increased pharmacist attendance, diversified participant engagement, and expandedgeographical reach underscored the program's success.The exponential growth in program offerings reflected a commitment to diverse and extensive education. Positive participant feedback, indicating sustained impact on drug therapy management, patient safety, and public health outcomes, affirmedthe enduring effectiveness of the CPE programs. While acknowledging study limitations, this comprehensive analysis highlights the success and ongoing efforts to enhance CPE programs at major university. Future research should address these constraints for a more nuanced understanding of CPE program impact.
Mechanical-Chemical Activation of Cement-Sand Stone for Reuse in Construction
Authors: Simonov P. A. , Storozhenko G. I. , Rakov M. A. , Manzyrykchy H. B.
Published: March 2024

In modern construction concrete recycling is one of the promising directions of utilization of multi-tonnage concrete and reinforced concrete waste. Most often concrete crushing products are reused as coarse and fine aggregate. It is shown in the paper that reuse of the dusty fraction of cement-sand stone as an active colloidal additive obtained by its alkaline mechanical-chemical activation allows to partially replace cement in commercial concrete and hydraulically hardening compositions without loss of their strength. This paper presents the results of the effect of colloidal admixture on technological and physical-mechanical properties of concrete mixture.
Electric burn of the skull: treatment by applying trepanations and wound dressing. Illustrative case
Authors: Georgeto Sergio M , Lehmann Marcio F , Antonucci Adriano T , Schiavini Marcel , Shimoakoishi Shiro M. A , Neto Anibal R , Santos Lutero C. M , Correia Dalmo G , Scapin Murilo , Marcilio Eloah S
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Although electric injuries to human tissue are uncommon in contemporary times, their occurrence implies a high degree of morbidity and mortality. These are primarily attributed to the impact of electric current on cellular membranes, resulting in the disruption of ionic changes.

OBSERVATIONS

In this paper, the authors present the case of an electric burn on the skull in a 50-year-old male, treated by utilizing trepanation and daily sterile wound dressing. This approach differs from the conventional treatment involving tissue grafts.

LESSONS

Although the techniques utilized in this case are not commonly chosen as the initial treatment option, they have demonstrated effectiveness. Despite the absence of tissue flaps or grafts, satisfactory coverage of the skull cap was achieved.
Ruptured pial-pial collateral aneurysm associated with left internal carotid artery occlusion: nuances of surgical management. Illustrative case
Authors: Pascual Juan Silvestre G , Guo Eddie , Yang Runze , Langdon Kristopher D , Lama Sanju , Sutherland Garnette R
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Carotid occlusion often leads to the formation of a collateral network. On rare occasions, due to hemodynamic influence, aneurysms can occur. Here, the authors describe a 69-year-old male presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured aneurysm within such a network.

OBSERVATIONS

The patient presented to the emergency department with an altered level of consciousness. Imaging showed a left temporal lobe hemorrhage extending into the ventricle, subdural hematoma, and evidence of contrast extravasation. Digital subtraction angiography revealed an occluded left internal carotid artery with the left middle cerebral artery territory reconstituted by flow through an external carotid artery–internal carotid artery anastomosis. The latter was formed by the superficial temporal artery–superior orbital artery, as well as pial-pial collaterals from the posterior temporal artery. Notably, a 4-mm aneurysm arising from the pial-pial collateral network was identified. Surgical intervention involved a left temporal craniectomy and aneurysm excision, with special attention paid to preserving the anastomotic flow through the superficial temporal artery.

LESSONS

This case underscores the importance of recognizing and preserving collateral vascular pathways in cases of carotid occlusion with an associated aneurysm. It emphasizes the necessary balance between managing aneurysm risk and maintaining cerebral perfusion, highlighting the need for careful preoperative planning and intraoperative caution.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Bank Mandiri Pusat (Persero) Tbk di Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Desnirita  , Shintia Carolina
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja secara parsial terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Bank Mandiri Pusat (Persero) Tbk di Jakarta Selatan, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja secara simultan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Bank Mandiri Pusat (Persero) Tbk di Jakarta Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah asosiatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan bagian accounting PT. Bank Mandiri Pusat (Persero) Tbk di Jakarta Selatan selama kurang lebih dua bulan penelitian dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 70 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket atau kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang dipergunakan yaitu Analisis Deskriptif, Uji Asumsi Klasik Penelitian dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Versi 25 dan Analisis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan menggunakan aplikasi SmartPLS 3.3.3. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial pengaruh Pelatihan Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan nilai T-Statistik 4,229, dan Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan nilai T-Statistik 2,263, jadi variabel Pelatihan Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Karyawan sebesar sebesar 54% berarti masih ada 46% lagi yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.