bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the formation of quality indicators ram edilbay breed in arid conditions
Authors: Gorlov I F , Nikolaev D V , Sherstyuk B A , Slozhenkina M I , Gishlarkaev E I
Published: November 2019

Annotation. Purpose: The purpose of the presented research is to establish the influence of natural pastures of the arid zone of the Volgograd region on the formation of meat productivity of rams of different types of edilbay breed. Methodology: The studies were carried out using modern mathematical-statistical methods for processing experimental data. Concrete recommendations are given to increase the production of mutton received from sheep of the edilbay breed and to improve its quality indicators. Results: Experimental studies continued for 10 months. For the entire period of the experiment, in terms of body weight, the rams of the new type (78.50 kg) were larger than the animals of the original type (74.20 kg) by 4.3 kg, or 5.79%. Amino acid analysis of the longest muscle of the back of experimental rams showed that the total amount of amino acids contained in mutton obtained from animals of the new type, irreplaceable, was 8.08%, which is higher compared to the analogs of the initial type by 0.47%. According to the content of replaceable amino acids in mutton, the same tendency was observed for the superiority of mutton obtained from animals of a new type as compared to the original type. A comparative study of the chemical composition of mutton has shown that animals of a new type exceed the indicators of the original type in calcium content (Ca) by 3.64 μg / g; iron (Fe) at 1.32 μg / g; iodine (I) at 0.04 μg / g; potassium (K) at 140 μg / g; manganese (Mg) at 14 μg / g; selenium (Se) at 0.02 μg / g. Recommendations: The experimental work carried out has shown that animals of a new type not only increase their live weight faster, but also accumulate much more elements entering the body, and also increase the nutritional value of mutton due to a higher accumulation of amino acids in its structure. Therefore, in the future, in order to increase the production of mutton and improve its quality, it is necessary to use animals of the Edilbay breed of a new type.
Productivity and biological value of milk of cows of various eco-genetic types
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Mosolova N I , Mishina O Yu , Vorontsova E S
Published: November 2019

The article gives comparative characteristics of the quality indicators of dairy raw materials obtained from Holstein first-calf heifers delivered to the Volgograd region of Russia from different countries. The research study consisted in processing the data of qualitative and quantitative indices of the cow’s milk production and assessing the nutritional and biological parameters of milk according to current standards. Differences on productivity, in the nutritional and biological values of milk depending on the ecological and genetic types of animals have been revealed. In terms of the milk yield for 305 days of lactation, the research has established the superiority of animals of American selection compared with ones of German, Danish and Australian selection by 100 kg, 600 kg and 620 kg, respectively. The cows of German selection were registered to have the highest content of the weight fraction of milk fat, i.e., 4.01%. Australian Holstein heifers had the highest weight fraction of milk protein (3.24%) and amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, cystine, arginine and histidine). Animals of Danish Holstein breed were noted for a higher content of macro- and microelements, i.e., calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, iodine and silicon. For animals of Danish and American selections, some activities to increase the weight fraction of milk protein have been recommended to perform.
Stimulation of sexual function of cows as a method of herd reproduction increase
Authors: Lishchuk A , Malakhova N , Piskunova O
Published: November 2019

The current political situation in the world, international sanctions applied to Russia; force us to pay more attention to the development of domestic sectors of the agro-industrial complex, including dairy cattle breeding. One of the most important conditions for the restoration and development of dairy farming and increasing its productivity in the Oryol region and the Russian Federation as a whole is rationally organized reproduction of the herd. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons of the low rate of fertilization of cows in livestock farms in the Oryol region, ways and methods for regulating the fertility of cattle.
Use of genetic markers of meat productivity in breeding of Hereford breed bulls
Authors: Dubovskova M P , Selionova M I , Chizhova L N , Surzhikova E S , Gerasimov N P , Mikhailenko A K , Dolgashova M A
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the genetic potential in Canadian Hereford sires using DNA markers, identify complex genotypes and assess their impact on the growth, development and meat productivity of its offspring. Groups of sons were formed taking into account the complex genotypes of sires: group 1 (n = 28) – sons of bulls carrying in their genome a complex of genotypes with desired alleles; group 2 (n = 30) – sons of bulls with a complex of genotypes that lack the desired alleles. The offspring from bulls-carriers of the “desirable” alleles in complex CAPN1, GH, Lep, TG5 genes that meet the exterior requirements exceeded their peers in live weight (P < 0.05), carcass weight (P < 0.05) and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). The maximum conversion rate of feed protein into product protein was also established in the group of sons from selected bulls. Thus, animal selection for body conformation type is advisable to combine with the herd genotyping for a complex of genotypes associated with different economically useful traits when creating highly efficient population of beef cattle.
Productive qualities and quality of large white pigs’ meat using vitamin feed additive
Authors: Burtseva S V , Pushkarev I A , Trebukhov A V , Vladimirov N I , Tkachenko L V , Klimenok I I
Published: November 2019

In 2015-2016, OJSC Lynevsky Plemazavod in Smolensk District of Altai Territory studied the use of LipoCar vitamin feed additive on large white breed pigs. The experiment was carried out on pregnant sows and then on piglets obtained from them. In the control group and 2 experimental groups the sows received the main ration of the farm, and the sows of 1 and 3 experimental groups were additionally fed the feed additive "LipoCar" in a dose of 2.1 g per head per day for 20 days.After weaning the piglets during the growing period 4 groups of young animals were formed. In the control and 1 experimental group young animals were fed only the main ration of the farm. In addition to the basic diet, piglets from groups 2 and 3 received the feed additive "LipoCar" from the age of 60 days for 40 days. The use of the feed additive contributed to an increase in the live weight of 2 and 3 experimental groups at the age of 5 and 6 months by 4.8-11.7% (p≤0.05-0.001). Pigs in groups 1, 2 and 3 in the age group 4 to 5 months had higher average daily increases of 10.3-15.8% (p<0.05-0.001) compared to controls. The live weight of 100 kg of young animals in groups 2 and 3 with a difference of 5.5-7.9% (p≤0.05-0.01) in relation to control was reached more quickly. Animals of all experimental groups had a higher slaughter yield by 1.6-3.1%. Pigs in the 3 experimental groups had a 15.2% (p≤0.01) lower fat thickness than in control variant. There is a tendency to increase the moisture-bonding ability of pigs of the first experimental group by 1.8% as opposed to the control group. The tendency to a higher content of dry matter by 1.9-5.2% and protein by 1.7-2.2% in the meat of pigs of experimental groups is established.
Use of a mineral additive in cattle feeding
Authors: Sukhanova S F , Uskov G E , Lushnikov N A
Published: November 2019

Mineral additives on the basis of domestic natural minerals, products of chemical and microbiological production are developed. At calculation of structure of additives the daily requirement of animals for mineral substances taking into account a direction of productivity, biological and physiological features of an animal in structure of the experimental mineral additive No. 1 includes forage salt, monoammonium phosphate, brusite, chalk and salts of microcells -100 g of this additive allows to provide completely an animal with microcells, and also to compensate lack of phosphorus, calcium, sodium and magnesium. Mineral additive No. 2 in the amount of 300 g provides the animal’s need for trace elements. In addition, this additive includes a daily rate of feed salt and 60% of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium requirements. Therefore, the use of this additive makes it possible to almost fully meet the needs of animals in feed salt, macro- and microelements. Feeding experimental mineral additives to animals allowed increasing milk production during the break-up period by 3.9 and 6.6%, respectively. Balanced mineral nutrition reduced the duration of the service period by 10.2 and 15.8% in the pilot groups. The use of new mineral additives in the diet led to a decrease in production costs by 2.65 and 3.94%. In the end, all this led to an increase in the profitability of milk production: in the control group it was 21.02%, and in the experimental group it was by 3.79% and 5.85% more, respectively. Thus, thanks to the use of new types of mineral additives, animal productivity has increased, feed consumption per unit of production has decreased, milk quality has improved and profitability of production has increased.
Prospects of applying sunflower sludge after cavitational processing in poultry breeding
Authors: Bykov A V , Kvan O V , Duskaev G K , Popov V P , Sidorenko G A
Published: November 2019

Modern trends in science and technology, from the viewpoint of the concept of state policy on the field of nutrition, as well as the implementation of anti-crisis measures in the Russian agricultural sector, should be oriented towards the development of competitive food and feed products of a new generation that meets all international standards. The use of liquid media activated by variant ways in complex with the rational hydromechanical and ultrasonic exposure might be the most promising and the most modern methods of process optimization for feed production. Nowadays the technology of processing a high-viscous liquid media with gaining feed products of preset properties includes both electrochemical processing and cavitative disintegration. Our research revealed that addition of cavitation-treated products of sunflower sludge into the diet of broilers in the amount of 6% of the total feed mass positively affects the digestive extent in the growth period. Moreover, the introduction of cavitation-treated products of sunflower sludge with zeolite to the ration bears a positive effect on reducing consumption of feed per 1 kg of the live weight gain from 2.04 to 1.46 kg per capita, which improves the productive qualities.
Milk productivity and physical and chemical properties of milk of red-motley cow breed
Authors: Efimova L V , Zaznobina T V , Frolova O A , Ovcharenko A S , Ivanova O V , Ivanov E A , Tereshchenko V A
Published: November 2019

Increasing the milk yield and improving the qualitative composition of milk are crucial tasks in Russia and foreign countries. In Krasnoyarsk krai, red-motley cows occupy the largest share of all breeds (69.7%). Studies were conducted in the Arefyevskoye JSC of Krasnoyarsk krai on red-and-white breed cows. Physical and chemical properties of milk were determined in the laboratory of selection control of milk quality. Studies have shown that in red-motley breed cows, the milk yield, fat and dry matter increases with aging, and the number of somatic cells decreases. A high reliable relationship between the signs of qualitative composition of milk (fat - urea, lactose - urea, dry matter - urea, protein - dry matter, fat - dry matter and lactose - dry matter) in all lactation cows was established. For 305 days of lactation, the correlation between the signs of milk yield - fat and milk yield - protein was negative, the correlation between fat and protein content was positive.
Effect of various fats on digestibility of nutrients in diet of calves
Authors: Lebedev S V , Gavrish I A , Shejda E V , Miroshnikov I S , Ryazanov V A , Gubajdullina I Z , Makaeva A M
Published: November 2019

Article presents results of study on effect of various vegetable fats on digestibility of the main nutrients in young cattle. We obtained new data on effects of fats on absorption of amino acids, analyzed blood of experimental animals, depending on source of lipids. We found that use of native form of fat contributes to less intensive digestion of raw fat, in contrast to prepared. In this case, fatty acid composition plays significant role. Transformation of amino acids showed slight difference between the samples. As result of our research, thanks to unique surgical operation on transplantation of the pancreatic duct into isolated segment of intestine, new knowledge was obtained about exocrine function of pancreas, absorption of nutrients, and biochemical parameters of blood in cattle when exposed to fats in animals. Thus, obtained the data reflect body’s response to various types of fats, administered in doses that can be digested by body, without disrupting metabolism of other substances.
Productivity of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) in different sowing periods in the conditions of the Southern Trans-Urals
Authors: Khalimullina A A , Sozinov A V , Porsev I N , Subbotin I A
Published: November 2019

The article describes the results of a three-year field experiment studying the effects of sowing periods on the crop structure, biometric indicators and productivity of white lupine varieties Degas and Gamma. The experiment was conducted in 2015-2017 on the leached chernozem of the experimental field of Kurgan State Agricultural Academy in the forest-steppe zone of Kurgan Region. The first sowing period corresponded to the physical soil maturity (the third decade of April - the first decade of May), the subsequent sowing periods were 6-8 days after the first one. Only in 2015, the full ripeness phase was not achieved (the third sowing period). The optimal sowing period was the first one: the yield of lupine grain varied from 2.5 to 14.9 t/ha.
State of the small rivers of the Volga basin within the lower Volga
Authors: Ovchinnikov A S , Loboyko V F , Bocharnikov V S , Ovcharova A Yu , Fomin S D
Published: November 2019

Nowadays the water management measures are ineffective. The field trips of 2017-2018 are carried out. The Lower Volga is drained by 37 watercourses, 34 of them belong to small rivers. The right bank tributaries of the Volga are short and flow in deep channels - 76% of all tributaries of its lower reaches. Left bank waterways are long, flowing in shallow channels - 24%. This is due to the location of the right bank of the Volga within the Volga Upland with a developed ravine-net system and a zone of dry steppes. The left bank of the lower reaches of the Volga River lies in the semi-desert zone, where the ravine-gully network is poorly developed. Factors affecting the state of these rivers: the flow of wastewater from industrial enterprises; pollution by fertilizers, pesticides; flow regulation; irrevocable withdrawal of river runoff for household, industrial, agricultural needs. Measures to address these problems: the transition to modern water-saving technologies; cleaning of domestic, agricultural and industrial waste; toughening control over compliance with the norms of discharge of pollutants into rivers; the establishment of water protection and sanitary zones for all reservoirs; clearing channels, coasts and floodplains from debris; tight control over livestock grazing in floodplains; planting forest belts along the river channels.
Improving the efficiency of a variable frequency asynchronous electric drive
Authors: Vasilev D A , Panteleeva L A , Lekomcev P L , Martynov K V , Kokonov S I , Shavkunov M L
Published: November 2019

Asynchronous electric drives hold leading positions in the global structure of electricity consumption. That’s why the development and implementation of an energy-efficient asynchronous electric drive are always economically feasible and important. The aim of this article is to develop an algorithm to minimize losses of asynchronous electric drive power. The article offers methods to optimize the level of losses in the winding of an electric motor, powered in a steady-state mode by a frequency converter with a scalar control. The substitution scheme for an asynchronous electric drive is considered as a consistent set of conductivities for the stator and rotor wirings. The research tasks were solved based on theoretical and experimental methods, including mathematical and physical simulation of studied processes using modern measuring and computation devices as well as statistic treatment of experimental data. The article offers methods to minimize the losses of power in the winding of an electric motor, powered in a steady-state mode by a frequency converter with a scalar control. The offered method is significantly different in that it uses the substitution for an asynchronous electric drive expressed as a consistent set of conductivities for the stator and motor wirings and the use of the energy efficiency ratio which determines the losses of power in an asynchronous drive for assessing the efficiency of a drive. The main principle for optimal frequency control of an asynchronous engine in terms of energy efficiency was formulated. The laboratory bench for studying the modes of frequency-controlled electric drives was built. The tested drive AIR100S4 showed an increase in energy efficiency ratio from 0.59 to 0.67.
The rationale for the method of powering rail electrified machines
Authors: Eroshenko G P , Loshkarev I Yu , Bakirov S M , Shlyupikov S V , Ischenko A P
Published: November 2019

The article presents the rationale for the choice of the method of powering electrical equipment for rail electrified machines used in greenhouses (frame areas). The comparison of two power sources according to the criterion of minimum operating costs is given. The main operating costs of machines with cable and battery power supply methods are highlighted, and cost components are shown. An expression that allows you to make a choice between cable and battery power supply is obtained. The choice of the method of power supply depends on the length of the greenhouse row, which determines the length of the cable line, on the duration of use of the rail mobile electrified machine during the day, on the difference in energy consumption during the direct conversion of electric into mechanical energy and through a battery, on the cost of batteries and cable.
Automatic control of air pressure in tires as a factor of safety improvement of wheeled vehicle operation in agricultural sector
Authors: Shkrabak R , Kalugin A , Starunova I
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of automatic modes of tire pressure regulation in transport vehicles used generally in agriculture where there are a lot of roads performing in very bad condition with mud. Almost all kind of wheeled vehicles could be fitted with air pressure regulation systems. Limits of tire pressure usually regulated by manufacturer so any kind of engineering modifications of tire systems should work in that limits strictly bordered by manufacturer of vehicle and tires. The presented article contains engineering based and practical orientated way to improve drive safety and operator working conditions. Each type of road has such characteristics as safety speed, angle of rollover etc. The authors propose mathematical model of regulation process on the basis of the above mentioned factors of road and vehicle functioning. In the process of modern construction of vehicles the way of module upgrades of existing vehicles becomes more and more popular. In this regard the authors try to propose one of the compromise universal solution for the problem of automatic tire pressure control and regulation.
Theoretical justification of impact speeds of working tools on water-melons
Authors: Ceplyaev A N , Ulyanov M V , Lebed N I , Ceplyaev V A , Averina M B
Published: November 2019

The interaction process between the working tool of a collector and a fruit has been considered, as well as the process of hitting water-melons on various surfaces. A diagram of speed distribution when the working tool interacts with a fruit has been presented, as well as that of the area of expansion of plastic deformation after a shock impact on a fruit. The absolute and allowable increment speeds after a shock have been theoretically determined and justified. The parameters of the allowable speeds for variety “Crimson sweet” and for variety “Kholodok” have been theoretically found and the verification of the theoretical analysis was performed through experimental researches on an installation for determining the critical impact speed on a fruit. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental values of the limit speeds confirms the accuracy of the studies.
Multifactorial electrokinetic technology and electroosmotic model of irrigation of biogeocenoses
Authors: Visyagin V E , Kunitsun A G , Markova S V , Ivanov A V
Published: November 2019

The problem of reclamation of sludge pits at oil industry facilities has not been solved. A mechanism for implementing an accelerated technology of sludge dewatering by electroosmotic impacts has been developed. In order to specify processes, the concept “specific energy consumption for a mass transfer” was introduced. In order to eliminate the influence of relaxation of gradient fields, it was proposed to change electrical energy parameters.
Improvement of wear resistance of working elements from gray iron for development of the ground
Authors: Motorin V A , Gapich D S , Novikov A E , Bocharnikov V S , Fomin S D
Published: November 2019

The question of increasing the wear resistance and resource of working elements for the development of soil through the use of sound technological methods of manufacturing them from inexpensive materials is considered. Increased tribological characteristics of the working elements are achieved by optimally structuring them into functional areas, depending on the perceived loads and peculiarities of the working conditions. According to the results of research, a promising material for the manufacture of chisel plows bits - gray cast iron is proposed. Gray cast iron SCh 20 with a bleached layer on the working surface with a thickness of about 2 mm has higher tribological characteristics as compared to rolled steel, as well as technological and economic advantages in production due to the use of casting technologies.
Effects of chromium ultra-fine particles on the pancreas enzyme system of calves
Authors: Lebedev S V , Kvan O V , Vertiprakhov V G , Gavrish I A , Gubaidullina I Z
Published: November 2019

Chromium has an excessively low digestibility and absorption of organic (25%) and inorganic (3%) forms, while the absorption of Cr+3 occurs mainly through the kidney Cr - 80-95%, with small losses in the hair, through the sebaceous gland and bile (45% Cr), indicating a rapid absorption and recreation of Cr. Calves of the control group received the BD, and chromium nanoparticles in a dose of 200 mg/kg were additionally introduced to the diet of the experimental animals. Adding Cr to calves rations is accompanied by an increase in glucose concentration by 10.6% (p≥0.05), triglycerides by 14.3%, while cholesterol is reduced by 16.9%. The highest activity of protease and lipase was established in the first hours of selection, followed by its decrease by 3 hours. Adding chromium to the diets of bulls stimulated protease activity during all record periods, the difference with control was from 25 to 43% (p≥0.05). Characteristic is the enhancement of protease activity on the 2nd day of the experiment, followed by a decrease in its activity by 3 day. Similarly, lipase activity is formed; the difference with the control is 36% (p≥0.05). On the contrary, amylase activity decreases at hourly sampling points and increases in daily sampling.
Muscular tissue of steers and rams grown in conditions of arid pastures: analysis of microelement composition
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Mosolov A A , Miroshnikova E P , Knyazhechenko O A
Published: November 2019

The article presents the analysis of raw material for the production of radioprotective meat products. The analysis of the composition of the farm animals’ muscle tissue with respect to the microelement content has been performed. There have been presented analysis results of the muscle tissue samples of Edilbay rams and Kazakh white-headed steers grown under similar conditions and grazed on the same pastures of the Volgograd-Edilbay breeding center in the Bykovsky rayon, the Volgograd region. The muscle tissue of cattle, in particular, steers of the Kazakh white-headed breed, has been established to have higher contents of iodine, iron and selenium by the end of the livestock growing period. The tissue has been also found to be predispositioned to the accumulation of essential microelements under consideration; so, this tissue has been concluded to be recommended as an ingredient for the formulations of meat products being developed.
Influence of deficient nutrition on trace element status and antioxidant defense system
Authors: Larjushina I E , Notova S V , Duskaeva A.Kh. , Tarasova E.I.
Published: November 2019

The aim of research was to study the effect of unbalanced nutrition on rat’s liver and hair element composition and antioxidant defense system in the experiment. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats. The experimental group was on mineral deficient diet, the control group received a standard diet. The elemental composition of the liver and hair was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. Blood biochemical parameters were determined spectrometrically using a Clima MC-15 A/O Unimed analyzer. The level of malondialdehyde and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the liver of animals were determined by standard methods using ELISA kits. Results. A decrease in the content of copper, zinc, and selenium was found in liver tissue by 1.5, 1.14, and 3.2 times, respectively. Significant increase of lead and aluminum was established. A similar changes were observed in the elemental composition of hair. GPx activity decreased in 1.4 times and MDA level increased in the liver of animals of the experimental group. An increase in ALT, AST and total protein was noted on mineral-deficient diet.
The interconnection of the elemental composition and morphofunctional characteristics of placenta during the tobacco intoxication
Authors: Notova S V , Sheida E V , Marshinskaia O V , Lizyrchik L V
Published: November 2019

The aim of the research was to study the interconnection between the elemental composition and morphofunctional characteristics of the rat placenta during the tobacco intoxication. Determining the elemental composition of the placenta was performed using an Elan 9000 mass spectrometer and an Optima 2000 V atomic emission spectrometer. The morphofunctional characteristics of the placenta were studied by preparing the serial paraffin histological sections. Data processing was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. It was established that as the result of a passive smoking, the fertility of females decreased, the physical development of fetuses also decreased, the weight and thickness of the placenta declined, the number of fetal capillaries and maternal sinuses of the placenta decreased. The most common pathological changes in the histological structure of the placentas of the experimental groups were the development of foci of circulatory disorders, inflammatory and atrophic changes. When comparing the elemental composition of the experimental groups, lower values of magnesium and iron were found, against the background of higher values of lead and cadmium. Identified dislementasis in conjunction with the pathological changes in the placenta caused a placental insufficiency, which in turn led to the delay in fetal development of the fetus.
The influence of body mass on its elemental status
Authors: Pishchukhin A M , Akimov S S
Published: November 2019

The study is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of the developed methodology for the multivariate analysis of the mutual influence when identifying of the elemental status of an organism. In a multidimensional space, the coordinates of which are the concentrations of elements, patients with the same body mass are located on the hyperplane. In order to carry out calculations related to the assessment of the influence of mass, it is necessary to break up a cloud of patient data on the hyperplates in increments of mass. As a reference element, when estimating the distance of the calculated point for each hyperplate, the beam of norms is chosen as introduced in the previous study, and the angle of rotation of the beam drawn to the calculated point is measured from the intersection line of the plane of equal mass and the plane of a given concentration. The calculations take into account only areas of high or low concentration of the element. In this case, the intersection lines of the plane of equal mass and the planes of a given concentration of each element form a set of rays on the plane of equal mass. The position of the calculated point in relation to this population allows us to assess the degree and direction of the influence of the selected element on all others. The advantage of the developed technique is the reduction of multidimensional analysis to the evaluation of two parameters - distance and angle of rotation.
The use of single-nucleotide polymorphism in creating a crossline of meat simmentals
Authors: Tyulebaev S D , Kadysheva M D , Litovchenko V G , Kosilov V I , Gabidulin V M
Published: November 2019

The article presents the materials of the study on bull cross of the Bredy meat type simmentals, which include the genotyping of animals for the CAST and CAPN1 genes with the identification of frequencies of genotype and alleles, as well as testing the production of these animals expressed in the evaluation of aged within 8 days of meat for the indicators tenderness, juiciness, organoleptic assessment of taste. The results of the studies did not confirm, with certainty, the influence of the CAST gene polymorphism on the beef tenderness indicators, as well as no associations of this gene with the studied juiciness and meat taste indicators, while the carriers of the homozygous CC genotype CAPN1 exceeded other genotypes of the sample in tenderness, juiciness and taste of beef. And indicators of bull meat with a combination of TT* genes on CAST and CC* on CAPN1 had superiority over the average indicators of the total sample (P <0.001), as well as over the group of animals with the most preferred CC genotype for the CAPN1 gene by 1.22 points or 15.4% (P <0.01) by tenderness, by 1.44 points or 18.2% (P <0.05) by juiciness, by 1.56 points or 19.2% (P <0.001) by taste. Studies have confirmed the effect of the CAPN1 gene CC homozygotes polymorphic state itself, as well as the CAST and CAPN1 genes on beef tenderness in the part where the combination of TT genotypes in the CAST gene and CC in the CAPN1 gene gives a positive effect on beef tenderness, probably associated with activation the activity of μ-calpain in connection with the weakening of the effect of calpastatin as an inhibitor on μ-calpain, as a result of which the enzymatic effect on myofibrillary proteins acquires a different intensity, and possibly a different manifestation. What was the reason for the increase in sensory sensitivity to taste of prepared samples, tenderness and juiciness of meat.
Elemental composition and ruminal digestion with nanosized forms of SiO2, FeCo
Authors: Makaeva A M , Atlanderova K.N. , Sizova E.A. , Nechitaylo K.S.
Published: November 2019

Optimization of mineral nutrition is a necessary measure aimed to maintain high productivity and health of animals, including beef cattle, which forages may lack minerals. The paper studies the action of nanosized forms SiO2, FeCo on health, ruminal digestion and elemental composition of ruminal fluid of animals. It is found that within the vitro studies the feed dry matter digestibility is maximum with the introduction of nanosized particles (NP) of SiO2 in the concentration of 2 mg/ml. The results of morph-biochemical blood test (in vivo studies) show the activation of protein metabolism, lack of negative impact on animal health. The introduction of SiO2 NP (II group) promotes the accumulation of silicon in ruminal fluid progressing in time: the difference with control group makes 3.8% and 31% in three and six hours respectively. The introduction of FeCo NP (III group) decreases the concentration of iron by 46% and 52% and cobalt by 40% and 50% in three and six hours respectively. SiO2 NP stimulates dry matter digestibility thus affecting the fermentation activity of rumen microflora. The received results indicate the advisability of applying the suggested approach and require further study.
Sustainable development of agrarian and forestry sectors of economy as a condition for security insurance of the Russian Federation
Authors: Silaeva V V , Muraviova M A , Nazarova O G , Rebrina TG
Published: November 2019

The agricultural and forest sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation have a number of peculiarities in development, which lead to the same problems that stand in their way. The rural and forest spheres of activity have similar problems in the production of their own products. The solution to these problems is also in general terms the same thing, it consists in applying an innovative approach, which is a factor in ensuring sustainable development. Sustainable development of any economic system can only be achieved in motion, in the dynamics of change, taking into account the combination of factors of the external and internal environment, as well as with properly selected mechanisms that trigger the transition of the economic system to the development of a sustainable type. In modern economic conditions, import substitution points can be attributed to such mechanisms.
Food security insurance in industrial region
Authors: Abilova E V , Zaharova E A , Davydov D V , Lomov V N
Published: November 2019

Providing the population of Russia with dairy products of its own production determines the food independence of the country, which depends on the development of the national agro-industrial complex. In this case, the possibility of increasing the productivity of animals with the lowest cost of production plays an important role. The solution of problems of development of animal farming is socially relevant today. The analysis of publications on the studied aspects of the formation of science-based system of dairy farming at the regional level, a comparative analysis of natural quantities characterizing the effectiveness of dairy cattle breeding are the main methods of research used in the work. According to our study rates of increase in volumes of products of livestock production in comparison with crop production, led to the fact that the livestock production became the leading industry in formation of gross output of agriculture of Chelyabinsk region. Using such indicator as consumption of basic food products per capita we concuded that the coonsumption of main products of a delivery concedes to the recommended medical norms therefore a part of food is imported from other regions of the Russian Federation. The problems inherent in branch of dairy cattle breeding of Russia are characteristic also of Chelyabinsk region. Reduction of a livestock of the cattle continues, body height of efficiency doesn’t compensate decrease in gross production of milk, doesn’t provide a breeding. However, the dairy cattle breeding makes enough significant contribution to the volume of a regional product and ensuring food security of the region therefore it is necessary to find paths of effective use of capacity of the given industry for stabilization of economy.
Establishment of the differentiated economic mechanism of company bankruptcy prevention as a basic element of sustainable development of rural areas
Authors: Ternovykh E V , Durova L V
Published: November 2019

The article considers the economic essence, gives a subordination of the concepts of “financial insolvency” and “bankruptcy” of a company, and suggests the definition based on the self-regulating financial system. A criterion matrix of interconnection and identification of the stages of financial insolvency and bankruptcy has been developed and tested, which sets the system of key financial and economic indicators as its basis. A differentiated economic mechanism is proposed to prevent the bankruptcy of agricultural companies, depending on the stage of financial insolvency and bankruptcy. The target and functional orientations are justified in the structure of the differentiated mechanism, that allow effective planning the measures of prevention of the insolvency and bankruptcy of companies in order to ensure longterm sustainable development of agricultural territories.
Three-dimensional efficiency indicator of the grant support for innovative development of small business forms
Authors: Voiku I P
Published: November 2019

The essence of the peasant (farm) enterprise as a separate direction of entrepreneurial activity is reviewed. The factors of agricultural production and features of peasant (farm) enterprises that affect the efficiency of their activities and predetermine their competitive advantages are presented. The relevance of the State support for the development of small business forms is specified. The essence of the basic methodological approach for evaluation of the efficiency of grant support for peasant (farm) enterprises, involving the evaluation upon the performance criterion, is presented. The concept and advantages of the methodological approach, involving the calculation of a three-dimensional efficiency indicator, are presented. The indicator is based on the determination of the strength and directions of the correlation between: the volume of grant support and operating income, the volume of grant support and material production costs, the volume of grant support and the volume of investments in technical equipment. The three-dimensional efficiency indicator allows normalizing the results of the evaluation to a unified scale that shows quantitative measures of efficiency: relevance, performance, efficiency, influence, stability.
Exhibiting nature, modernising agriculture: ecology and technology at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition, 1923
Authors: Yu Elina O
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the history of the First All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Industrial Exhibition, which took place in Moscow during August-September of 1923. The study aims to reconstruct the environmental and agronomic contexts of the expositions presented at the Exhibition. The objectives of the study included analysing the contents, forms and slogans of these expositions, as well as identifying the ambitions of the Bolshevik leaders to publicly demonstrate the achievements of agrarian science and the results of cataloguing the natural environment and resources in the USSR. It is shown that the primary goal of the Exhibition was to convince the domestic public, especially peasants, in the advantages of the science-based “Sovietisation” of the countryside, along with modernisation of the backward Russian agriculture. The paper argues that the Exhibition became a tool for promoting various natural resources and biodiversity of the different regions of the USSR. No less important was the presentation of agronomy and agricultural technologies as practical tools for modernising agriculture.
The beginning of comprehensive studies of the nature and population of Ciscaucasia in the XVIII century
Authors: Kerimov I.A. , Gagaeva Z.Sh. , Gayrabekov U.T. , Badaev S.V.
Published: November 2019

The paper covers the history of geographical studies of Ciscaucasia carried out by academic expeditions of the 18th century. Large-scale expeditionary activities of this period marked the beginning of comprehensive studies of the nature and economy of the northern part of the Caucasus, made it possible to collect geographic information on the territory. New information contributed to the development of new research areas, formed a basis for the development of new textbooks and cartographic materials. The information about the Pre-Caucasus enriched science. It has a scientific value.
Analysis of trends in annual time series of precipitation in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
Authors: Gaponov V M , Elizaryev A N , Aksenov S G , Longobardi A
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, the problem of climate change receives a wide resonance throughout the world. According to meteorological observations in Bashkortostan over the past 30 years, annual precipitation has increased. The occurrence of natural hazards is directly related to climate change, the number of which has been steadily increasing in recent years. If in the period from 1998 till 2005, their number in Bashkiria ranged from 5 to 11, then in 2010 it was recordedas 37, and as 34 in 2016. In this article, the object of study is the Republic of Bashkortostan, its territory is 142, 947 km2. Available data consists of annual time series of precipitation for 34 stations, they were analyzed to identify potential trends and their significance. As a first step, precipitation data was checked to assess the quality of the data, to find potential points of change in the time series. For this purpose, parametric (The Student’s t -test) and non-parametric (Pettitt’s test) statistical criteria were applied. Then, a statistical test was used to determine the significance of linear trends (the Mann-Kendall trend test and the Sen’s test). Thus, the main purposes of the article are to detect points of change, as well as, to check, with a help of parametric and non-parametric tests, annual trends for precipitation data.
National importance of surveying and ancient linear measures in the history of development of Russia
Authors: Ilyushina T V
Published: November 2019

Issues of rational use of land resources are urgent contemporary problem. It is considered possible to solve it by analyzing centuries-old experience of history of land surveying, geodetic studies and mapping. The purpose of the study is to show the national importance of land surveying and ancient linear-measuring of boundary measures in the history of the state. The tasks of the article are connected with the analysis of types of geodetic surveys, linear measures and instruments during land surveying in different historical periods of development of the state. Historical and archival materials, ancient geodetic tools and maps were used as materials for the study. The study revealed that the development of surveying, the system of linear measurements and geodetic instrumentality had national importance to establish the boundaries of possessions, registration of quantity and quality of the land funds, protection of property rights, and termination of land disputes, valuation of land and establishment on the basis of equitable taxation. The main provisions of this study can add to the history of land relations in Russia and contribute to the further development and improvement of the state system of land surveying.
State and use of land resources in the Republic of Tuva of the Russian Federation
Authors: Klyushin P V , Murasheva A A , Lomakin G V , Lepekhin P P , Changaev A V
Published: November 2019

The area of the Republic is 168,604 km2 (3.28% of the territory of the Siberian Federal district, 0.98% of the area of the Russian Federation - the 20th in terms of area). Tuva basin, stretching more than 400 km from West to East along the Yenisei river, is an open hilly steppe space, located at altitudes from 500 to 1200 m. Mountain ranges, crossing it, divide the basin conditionally into three parts: Chemchik, Ulug-Khem and Turano-Uyuk. Of the total land area, most of the land is classified as forest land (64.5%), agricultural land accounts for 19.9% of the main specialization of livestock (mainly sheep and dairy cattle, goat and horse breeding). The area of farmland is more than 4.5 million hectares. The peculiarity of the pastures of Tuva is the ability to use their considerable part all year round for grazing cattle and livestock. In the conditions of the high-altitude zone, a wide variety of types of territories determines the nature of land use. As we approach the mountain-foothill landscapes, the degree of development of the territory decreases, the share of agricultural land, the share of intensive types of agricultural land use (arable land, intensive crop rotations and so on) decrease. As the height increases, the cadastral value of land plots should be reduced, which is caused by an increase in the possibility of dangerous geomorphological, climatic, neotectonics, hydrological processes and an increase in the complexity of agricultural land use. In this regard, the basis for the formation of agricultural land use in the conditions of high-altitude zones should be the similarity of the types of natural environment.
Landscape studies of ancient Russian cities on historic waterways
Authors: Nizovtsev V A , Erman N M
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to identify the role of the natural (landscape) factor in multifactor processes of structure formation, functioning and dynamics of urban landscapes. The practical tasks of this work were the reconstructions of the original landscape structure, identification of ecological properties and the resource base of host landscapes and cultural and historical landscapes of ancient Russian cities. Landscape studies of ancient Russian cities were carried out on the basis of the landscape and historical approach, where the entire territory of ancient Russian cities is viewed as a single, holistic entity, with inherent specific landscape organization which develops in space and time. A distinctive feature of the ancient Russian cities that formed on the historic waterways is that in the early stages of functioning of the water communications, cities were formed as the most important strongholds, whose vital activity was associated with subsistence farming and depended entirely on the local resource base and, accordingly, on the landscape structure of the territory. At different intervals, it differed sharply depending on the zonal-landscape conditions. The differences in the landscape features of the formation of ancient Russian cities on historic waterways in the IX-XI and XII-XIII centuries have been revealed.
The use of hydropower potential of the rivers of Moscow basin
Authors: Ozerova N A
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this article is to study the changes in the ways of using the energy potential of the rivers of the Moscow River basin in the XVIII-XXI centuries. Analysis of the data of the General Survey suggests that in XVIII century the energy of flowing water was used for several kinds of mills: gristmills, saw mills and fulling mills. Energy of flowing water was applied for oil mills and blacksmith hammers. Analysis of literary data shows that the number of mills reduced at the end of XIX century. Only mills built on large rivers continued to work. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries small hydroelectric power stations were built instead of mill dams, and the modern hydropower facilities in Moscow basin are small stations of local meaning only. As a result, the maps showing the location of different kinds of mills in the Moscow river basin in XVIII century were composed for the first time. These maps are unique for this territory.