bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND CHALLENGES IT POSES TO OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGISTS
Authors: Stoyanov V.
Published: November 2021

As doctors, we all have a shared responsibility in terms of COVID-19. At first glance, ENT specialists are not classed as the so-called “front line” medical workers but have a key role to play and these needs to be addressed. In response to the pressures on the Health Care System, the medical care provided by otorhinolaryngologists has been limited. Irrespective of the imposed work limitations, patients will still need to be provided with the specific care, which requires us to find the best solutions for work stations and wards.
In addition, measures should be put in place to avoid compromising surgical activity (especially emergency procedures), deriving from a combination of factors, including staff sickness, problems with the supply of medical equipment, the use of operating theaters, anesthesiological teams, etc.
An increased number of performed tracheostomies are expected in positive COVID-19 patients who need artificial pulmonary ventilation.
The purpose of this paper is to address all these issues, based on current and accessible information, and propose measures and procedures for otorhinolaryngologists in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for different patient groups.
Simultaneously, recommendations are made to protect the doctors and their teams, as well as to reconfigure the medical operations in the new conditions.
Optimalisasi Peran Ibu Dalam PJJ Untuk Meminimalisir Tingkat Stres Anak Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Syukria Aini
Published: November 2021

Kebijakan pemerintah melaksanakan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) memerlukan kesiapan dari pihak pendamping anak di rumah, terutama ibu. Secara teoritis, PJJ memberikan kemudahan akses informasi kepada semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses Pendidikan. Namun dalam praktisnya, berbagai kendala menghadang keberhasilan proses pembelajaran tersebut. Maka seorang ibu mesti berperan optimal dalam rangka meminimalisir tingkat stress anak saat mendampingi pembelajaran di masa pandemi ini. Berbagai kiat dan solusi praktis yang ditawarkan pada tulisan ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam ikhtiar tersebut. Diantaranya adalah memahami macam-macam gaya belajar anak, membangun komunikasi dengan pihak sekolah, dan membangun komunikasi dengan anak, yang dapat berupa komunikasi kontrak belajar, pijakan dan komunikasi recalling.
Tribes, Borders, Landscapes and Reciprocal Relations: The Wadi Arabah and its Meaning
Authors: Bienkowski Piotr
Published: November 2021

The Wadi Arabah forms part of the modern political border between Jordan and Israel. The paper explores the polarized ways in which the wadi has been constructed and interpreted within the archaeological and geopolitical discourse. Through a phenomenological analysis of landscape, power and identity, using insights from bedouin poetry, the landscape of the wadi is revealed as emotionally meaningful in its materiality, as a sacred/symbolic, conceptual/socio-political, sensual landscape, a landscape of movement and of memory, absence, loss and abandonment. In this landscape, populated and crossed by many different groups who were not necessarily subject to shared social, institutionalized norms, different groups had different resources, abilities and knowledge which they brought to any encounter with another group, and which were integral to their identity. These encounters developed as reciprocal relationships and negotiations rather than as traditional ‘power relationships’. This helps to explain the longevity of the key aspects of the tribal kingdom model, previously proposed by the author and others; these aspects are rooted in reciprocal relationships based on different resources, ‘power’, and knowledge of the landscape.
POST ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY PANCREATITIS PROPHYLAXIS: EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT NSAID REGIMENS
Authors: PAEZ Loyna Flores , CURY Marcelo de Souza , MELLO Maria Paola Mantolvani , CAMPOS Diogo Nesso de , RODRIGUES Bruno Eduardo Ricardo
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a widely used therapeutic modality for the pancreaticobiliary tree. However, it is responsible for the highest rates of complications among the endoscopic procedures, especially post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. The preventive methods include mechanical and pharmacological approaches, such as the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of two different strategies using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, and to clarify the uncertainty about the route of administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the prevention of this complication. METHODS: This was a prospective trial. Two therapeutic groups were compared with a control group that was composed of patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, performed in the same service and by the same team in the period preceding the study (historical series), without the administration of any type of prophylaxis. The first group received 100 mg rectal diclofenac. The second group received 100 mg intravenous ketoprofen. Both groups were compared, separately and jointly, with the control group. RESULTS: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis occurred in 4.39% (12/273) of the participants. In the group without prophylaxis, the incidence was 6.89% (10/145). Among those who received intravenous ketoprofen, the incidence was 2.56% (2/78). No cases of acute post-procedural pancreatitis were observed in the group that received rectal diclofenac (0/52). Although there was no statistical difference between the therapeutic groups when they were separately analyzed, a statistical difference in the prevention of post-procedural pancreatitis was observed when they were analyzed together (P=0.037). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE DIET AND THE DIVERTICULITIS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: LEMES Vinicius Brandão , GALDINO Guilherme Garcia , ROMÃO Poliana , REIS Sabrina T
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diverticulitis is an acute inflammatory process that affects individuals with diverticular disease. Given the sharp increase in the diagnostic rate of such a pathological process, there was also an increased interest in elucidating the possible causes related to the development of this clinical condition. Among the main factors investigated, diet excels, the object of study of this integrative literature review. METHODS: After searching the virtual health library and PubMed databases, five prospective cohort studies were selected that best answered the guiding question: “Is there a relationship between diet and the incidence of diverticulitis?”. RESULTS: It was observed that the high intake of red meat and the low intake of dietary fiber were the most strongly associated dietary factors with the incidence of this inflammatory process. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is evident that choosing healthy eating habits can considerably reduce the incidence of diverticulitis and, consequently, potentially more serious complications directly related to it.
Sociology on the Way to New Social Analytics: The Crisis in Sociology and the Problem of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rezaev Andrey , Tregubova Natalia
Published: November 2021

At the turn of the 21st century, sociology as a science has become an object of criticism both from inside and outside the discipline. At the same time, the late-20th and early 21st centuries endorse an unprecedented splash of technological development, specifically the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies. The paper tries to show a relation between these two tendencies. For the authors, two questions are in the spotlight: (1) how have evaluations of the professional sociologists on what is happening to the discipline changed over the last 20 years? and (2) how could these evaluations be related to the research questions that the development of AI technologies brings to social sciences? In the first part of the paper, the authors examine and compare the participants' positions in the discussion about the future of sociology organized by the journal Contemporary Sociology in 2000. The second part of the paper examines two articles published in 2019 where it was proclaimed “the end of sociology.” The paper discusses why the debates about the crisis of sociology have shifted towards radical criticism during these years and how new arguments refine and supplement the previous discussions. In conclusion, the authors propose one way out of the crisis in sociology. They suggest the radical renewal of sociological science into a-typical and anti-disciplinary social analytics with the central orientation into “artificial sociality” inquiries.
Manifold öğrenme yöntemlerinin ileri seviye regresyon yöntemleri ile genelleştirilmesi
Authors: TAŞKIN Gülşen
Published: November 2021

Doğrusal olmayan boyut indirgeme yöntemleri, diğer bir adı ile Manifold Öğrenme (MÖ) yöntemleri konusunda son zamanlarda ciddi araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. MÖ yöntemleri, yüksek boyutlu verinin içinde aslında daha az boyutlu bir uzayda doğrusal olmayan bir manifoldun yer aldığı varsayımı üzerine çizge tabanlı bir dönüşüm yapmaktadır. Yüksek boyutlu uzayda yer alan verinin daha az boyutlu uzaya dönüştürülmesi için, veriler arası komşuluk ilişkilerinin korunması hedeflenir. MÖ yöntemlerinin birçoğu, eğitim verisinin tamamını birden alt uzaya dönüştür ve dönüşüme ait herhangi bir dönüşüm matrisi ya da analitik yapısı belli bir gömüleme fonksiyonu üretmezler. Bu sebepten ötürü, sonradan gelebilecek test verilerinin aynı alt uzaya dönüşümleri yapılamaz. Dönüşümün yapılabilmesi için, test verileri, önceki eğitim verileri ile birlikte, ilgili manifold öğrenme yöntemine tekrardan verilerek, öğrenme işlemi yeniden başlatılır. Ancak, her yeni test verisi geldikçe bu durumun tekrarlanması gerekeceğinden, hesaplama maliyeti artacaktır. Bu nedenle, özellikle de sınıflandırma amaçlı çalışmalar için, manifold öğrenme yöntemlerinin, yeni gelecek test verisini alt uzaya dönüştürecek genel çözümlerine gereksinim vardır. Bu çalışmada, literatürde, örneklem dışı veri problemi olarak bilinen bu sorunun üstesinden gelmek için ileri seviye regresyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İlgili manifold öğrenme yöntemi, regresyon yöntemleri ile modellenerek, dönüşüme ait gömüleme fonksiyonları üretilmiş ve geliştirilen modellerin performansları hiperspektral verilerin sınıflandırılması üzerinde ayrıntılı bir biçimde analiz edilmiştir.
Farklı gençleştiricilerle modifiye edilmiş bitümlü bağlayıcıların fiziksel, kimyasal ve reolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması
Authors: YALÇIN Erkut
Published: November 2021

Son dönemde artan tüketim talebinden ötürü doğal malzemeler azalmakta olup karayolu sektöründe geri dönüştürülmüş asfalt (RAP) kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte RAP uygulamalarında genellikle plentte bu malzeme ile birlikte yeni agrega, bitüm ve gençleştiriciler karıştırılmaktadır. Gençleştiriciler RAP içerisindeki yaşlanmış bitümü gençleştirerek özelliklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bunun yanında karışım esnasında gençleştiriciler karıştırma esnasında ilave edilen saf bitümle de temas ettiğinden yaşlanmamış saf bitümün özelliklerini de değiştirmektedir. Literatür çalışmaları incelendiğinde genellikle RAP tan elde edilen yaşlandırılmış bağlayıcıların reolojik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada farklı viskoziteli iki gençleştirici 5 farklı oranda yaşlandırılmamış bağlayıcıya uygulanmıştır. Saf ve gençleştirici uygulanmış bitümlü bağlayıcıların fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerini değerlendirmek için penetrasyon, yumuşama noktası, elastik geri dönme, parlama noktası, kuvvet düktilite, viskozite ve dinamik kesme reometresi (DSR) testleri yapılmıştır. Katkı içeriğinin artması ile kompleks modül değerleri her iki katkı tipinde de azalmıştır. Faz açısı değerlerinin artışı bağlayıcıların daha viskoz bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bağlayıcıların kimyasal özellikleri ise Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopi testi (FTIR) ile belirlenmiştir. Gençleştiriciler ile yaşlandırılmamış asfalt arasında kimyasal bir reaksiyon olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarından iki gençleştiricinin saf bitümün reolojik ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerinde benzer bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gençleştiriciler bitümün viskozitesini azaltarak, işlenebilirliğini iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir.
Fonksiyonelleştirilmiş bor nanopartiküllerinin yapıştırıcıyla birleştirilmiş tek tesirli kompozit bağlantılar üzerinde etkisi
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Kürşat , YAZICI Mustafa Enes
Published: November 2021

Yapılan bu çalışmada; hegzagonal bor nitrür (hBN) ve hegzagonal bor karbür (hB4C) nanopartiküllerinin yapıştırma bağlantıları üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Nanopartiküllerin epoksi yapıştırıcı içerisinde homojen dağılımının sağlanması ve adhezyonunun iyileştirilmesi amacıyla; hBN nanopartikülleri 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane, hB4C nanopartikülleri ise 3-(glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane bileşiği kullanılarak fonksiyonelleştirilmiştir. Fonksiyonelleştirilen nanopartiküller, farklı viskozite değerine sahip iki farklı epoksi yapıştırıcı içerisine (Araldite 2011 ve MGS-LR285), ağırlıkça %0,5, %1, %2 ve %3 oranlarında katılarak yeni nanokompozit yapıştırıcılar üretilmiştir. Geliştirilen nanokompozit yapıştırıcılar ve üretilen düz dokuma karbon fiber kompozitler kullanılarak tek tesirli yapıştırma bağlantıları üretilmiştir. Yapıştırma bağlantılarının mekanik özellikleri ASTM D1002 standardına göre yapılan çekme testi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları incelendiğinde, fonksiyonelleştirilen hBN ve hB4C nanopartikülleri ile birleştirilmiş bağlantıların hasar yükünde önemli artış sağlanmıştır. Hasar yüklerindeki bu artışın bor nanopartiküllerine, partiküllerin katkı oranına ve yapıştırıcının türüne bağlı olarak değiştiği görülmektedir. Araldite 2011 yapıştırıcısı içerisine ağırlıkça %2 oranında fonksiyonelleştirilmiş hBN ve hB4C nanopartikülleri katkısıyla bağlantıların hasar yükünde sırasıyla %33 ve %31 oranlarında artış elde edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde MGS-LR285 yapıştırıcısı içerisine %2 oranında fonksiyonelleştirilmiş hBN ve hB4C nanopartikülleri katkısıyla ise bağlantıların hasar yükleri sırasıyla %31 ve %52 oranlarında artmıştır.
Bir RCCI motorun yanma ve egzoz emisyon karakteristikleri üzerinde benzin ön karışım oranı ve motor yükünün etkisinin incelenmesi
Authors: FIRAT Müjdat , ALTUN Şehmus , OKCU Mutlu , VAROL Yasin
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, RCCI modunda çalışacak şekilde modifiye edilmiş tek silindirli bir dizel motorda biyodizel ve petrol kökenli dizel karışımı ile benzin kullanımının yanma ve egzoz emisyon karakteristiklerine etkisi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada hacimsel olarak %20 biyodizel ve %80 petrol kökenli dizel karışımından oluşan B20 karışım yakıtı yüksek reaktiviteli yakıt olarak doğrudan silindir içerisine püskürtülürken; düşük reaktiviteli yakıt olarak ta benzin emme kanalına püskürtülmüştür. Deneyler %0 (geleneksel dizel yanma), %15, %30, %45 ve %60 olmak üzere beş farklı ön karışım oranlarında ve sabit motor hızı ile değişik yük şartlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, %0 ve %20 yükte RCCI şartlarında karışım oranının artması ile silindir içi maksimum basınç değerinin azaldığı, %40 ve %60 yükte ise arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, karışım oranının %15 ve %30 olarak kullanımının tüm yüklerde ortalama indike basınç ve termik verimi artırdığı, diğer karışım oranlarında ise önemli bir değişimin olmadığı görülmüştür. RCCI şartlarında motor yüksüz ve %20 gibi düşük yüklerde çalışırken NOx emisyonunda azalma sağlanmış ancak motor yükünün artması ile artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte tüm yüklerde karışım oranı artışının duman koyuluğunu azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Özellikle %60 yük durumda ve %60 karışım oranı kullanımı ile duman koyuluğunun %96 oranında azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. %60 yükte RCCI şartlarında CO emisyonunda bir artış olmasının dışında CO ve yanmamış HC emisyon seviyeleri RCCI şartlarında tüm yüklerde karışım oranının artışı ile arttığı görülmüştür.
Bütünleme sınavına girecek öğrenci sayısının tahmini için k-ELM yaklaşımı
Authors: KIRAN Mustafa Servet , SIRAMKAYA Eyüp , EŞME Engin
Published: November 2021

Bütünleme sınavları ara sınavlar ve genel sınavlar neticesinde dersi başaramayan öğrencilerin katıldığı bir sınavdır ve ülkemizde birçok üniversite tarafından uygulanmaktadır. Her ne kadar dersi başaramayan öğrencilerin bu sınavlara katılacağı varsayılsa da öğrencilerin bir kısmı çeşitli içsel (ara sınav notunun çok düşük olması, dersi öğrenme amacıyla yeniden alma isteği, tatil yapma ihtiyacı vb.) ve dışsal motivasyonlarla (memleketi ile üniversite arası mesafe, maddi imkânsızlıklar vb.) bütünleme sınavına katılmamaktadır. Tüm öğrencilerini sınava katılacağı varsayılarak yapılan sınav programları, gözetmen atama ve sınav kâğıdı çoğaltılması gibi süreçler ise maddî israflara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bütünleme sınavına kalan öğrencilerin bütünleme sınavına katılıp katılmayacağının tespit edilmesi amacıyla aşırı öğrenme makinesi tabanlı bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşımda birden fazla aşırı öğrenme makinesi aynı veri setinin belirli bir oranındaki örnekler ile eğitime tabi tutulmuş ve test aşamasında oylama tabanlı bir yaklaşım ile sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Oylamaya katılacak ELM karar parametrelerinin optimizasyonu ise yapay arı kolonisi algoritması ile sağlanmıştır. Önerilen yöntemlerin eğitimi ve test edilmesi amacıyla ise Konya Teknik Üniversitesi Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü’nde okutulan 9 adet derse ait veriler toplanmıştır. Ayrıca 9 adet dersin birleşiminden oluşan bir veri kümesi daha oluşturulmuş ve önerilen yöntemin analizi bu 10 veri seti üzerinde yapılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda aşırı öğrenme makinesi ve önerilen yöntemin performansı her ders için ayrı ayrı karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen yöntemin performansının sınıflandırma doğruluğu açısından temel aşırı öğrenme makinesinden daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir
Farklı bağıl yoğunluklardaki Inconel 718 ve Ti6Al4V biyomedikal parçaların seçici lazer ergitme (SLE) metoduyla üretiminin simülasyonu
Authors: ERGENE Berkay
Published: November 2021

Metal eklemeli imalatta en yaygın kullanılan alaşımlar olan Inconel 718 ve Ti6Al4V otomotiv, uzay-uçak, savunma sanayii, biyomedikal gibi bir çok alandaki uygulamalarda tercih edilmektedirler. Bilindiği üzere, fonksiyonel hafifletilmiş parçalar, hafif olmalarına karşın sergilemiş oldukları yüksek spesifik dayanımdan dolayı araştırmacıların ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Artan ilgilerin bir sonucu olarak da üzerine gelen yükü homojen dağıtma, yükü ve sesi iyi düzeyde absorbe etme gibi üstün özelliklere sahip olan hafifletilmiş parçaların yapılan tasarımı katman katman gerçek ürüne dönüştüren eklemeli imalat (Eİ) teknolojisi ile üretilme fikri ön plana çıkmıştır. Seçici lazer ergitme (SLE) ve elektron ışın ergitme (EIE) gibi Eİ yöntemlerinin geleneksel imalat yöntemlerine nazaran bir çok avantajı olmasına ragmen, üretim sırasında parçada meydana gelen kalıntı gerilim oluşumları, yüksek yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve distorsiyonlar nedeniyle, ilgili imalat yöntemleri geliştirilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, eklemeli imal edilen hücresel yapıların deneysel olarak kalıntı gerilim ve distorsiyon ölçümleri oldukça zor ve zaman alıcıdır. Bu çalışmada ise, biyomedikal alanda iskele ve implant çekirdek yapısı olarak kullanılan hücresel yapılar ele alınmıştır. İmplantın yükü kemiğe oranla daha fazla taşıması nedeniyle kemiğin güç kaybetmesi anlamına gelen stress shielding olgusunu minimize eden kemik-implant arasındaki osseointegrasyonu geliştiren bu hücresel yapılar % 100, % 73,4 ve % 42,6 doluluk oranı ile tasarlanmıştır. Bu hücresel yapıların Inconel 718 ve Ti6Al4V malzemelerden SLE metoduyla üretimi sırasında meydana gelen kalıntı gerilmeler (σx, σy, ve σz), distorsiyonlar, plastik birim şekil değişimleri ve meydana gelen maksimum sıcaklık değerleri Eİ simülasyon programı Amphyon 2021 ile tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, Ti6Al4V parçalar, Inconel 718 parçalara göre daha fazla deplasman göstermektedir. Çatlak oluşumunun hangi bölgede gerçekleşebileceğine dair öngörü sağlayan plastik birim şekil değişimleri ise parçaların alt köşe bölgelerinde, destek yapının bittiği, asıl parçanın yer aldığı bölgelerde lokalize olmuştur. Ayrıca, parçalardaki maksimum sıcaklık değerleri imalat yüksekliğinin artmasıyla birlikte artış göstermekte ve her iki malzeme türü için de doluluk oranları % 73,4 ve % 42,6 olan parçalarda kritik bir imalat yüksekliğinden sonra tam dolu parçaya nazaran daha fazla maksimum sıcaklık değerleri gözlemlenmiştir.
Environmental Conflicts in the Mirror of the «Civilization of Maximization»
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bobylev Sergey N. , Solovyeva Sofya V. , Khovavko Irina Yu.
Published: November 2021

The type of civilization formed on the planet can be defined as a «civilization of maximization», which is focused on the growth of financial results, production of goods and services, and consumption. This type of civilization leads to numerous environmental conflicts at all levels. In this regard, it seems promising to study the mechanisms of internalization of externalities as a basis for preventing and overcoming environmental conflicts. The types of environmental conflicts are identified, depending on the scope of the covered impact and the externalities that generate them: temporal, global, intercountry, intersectoral, interregional and local. The article analyzes the problem of climate change as a significant example of an environmental conflict caused by the temporal and global externalities of the «civilization of maximization». Large corporations, being the drivers of the «civilization of maximization,» at the same time increasingly participate in the environmental transformation of the world and national economies
Multi-Level Control System for an Intelligent Robot that is Part of a Group
Authors: Rubtsov V. I. , Mashkov K. J. , Konovalov K. V.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the application of a group of robotic complexes for military purposes. The current state of control systems of single robotic complexes does not allow solving all the tasks assigned to the robot. The analysis of methods of controlling a group of robots in combat conditions is carried out. The necessity of using a multi-level control system for an intelligent combat robot is justified. A multi-level control system for an intelligent robot is proposed. Such a system assumes the possibility of controlling the robot in one of four modes: remote, supervisory, autonomous and group. Moreover, each robot, depending on the external conditions and its condition, can be in any control mode. The application of the technique is shown by the example of the movement of a group of robots with an interval along the front. The problem of the movement of slave robots behind the leader is considered. When forming the robot control algorithm, the method of finite automata was used. The algorithm controls the movement of the RTK in various operating modes: group control mode and autonomous movement mode. In the group control mode, the task is implemented: movement for the leader. For the state of "Movement in formation", an algorithm for forming the trajectory of the movement of guided robots was implemented. An algorithm for approximating the Bezier curve was used. It allows you to build a trajectory for the slave robot. On the basis of the obtained trajectory, the angular and linear velocity were calculated. In the autonomous control mode, two tasks are solved: moving to a given point and avoiding obstacles. Vector Field Histogram was used as an algorithm for detouring an obstacle, which determines the direction of movement without obstacles. The state of "Movement to a given point" is based on Pure Pursuit as a simple and reliable algorithm for solving such problems. A computer model of the movement of a group of robots was developed. The model is implemented in the MATLAB program using the Simulink and Mobile Robotics Simulation Toolbox libraries. Several different variants of the movement of the RTK group are modeled, which differ from each other in the initial location of the robots and the position of obstacles. The conducted computer simulation showed the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method of RTC control.
The use of sulfozin in the complex therapy of cerebral rheumatism
Authors: Vyasnovsky A. Yu. , Lapirova N. N.
Published: November 2021

We have taken the following provisions as a basis for the basic scheme of treatment of cerebral rheumatism: rheumatism is an infectious-allergic disease caused, with the highest probability, by streptococcus; b) the success of the treatment of any allergic disease depends, first of all, on the degree of desensitization of the body.
The use of new drugs with hypotensive action in late toxicosis of pregnancy
Authors: Foy A. M.
Published: November 2021

The problem of combating late toxicosis of pregnancy is still one of the most urgent.
On the content of antistreptokinase in the blood of children with acute rheumatic attack
Authors: Rapoport J. J.
Published: November 2021

The antistreptokinase titer was studied in children with acute rheumatic attack.
The experience of using dibazol for the prevention of influenza in children's groups during the 1962 epidemic.
Authors: Ebert L. Ya.
Published: November 2021

Dibazol is currently widely used in the treatment of various diseases. Often it is used in a children's clinic, in particular for flaccid paresis and sensitivity disorders of various origins (NN Anosov and MA Rozin, 1956, etc.). A. Ya. Broitman (1956) used dibazol in the treatment of whooping cough.
About the sudden death of tracheotomized patients
Authors: Fedorov M. I.
Published: November 2021

In some cases, in acute and chronic diseases of the larynx, accompanied by its stenosis, the only means of saving the patient is tracheotomy.
Conjunctivitis from tar dust
Authors: Arleevsky I. P. , Yagodinskaya N. N.
Published: November 2021

As a result of the ingress of tar dust, 5 workers who did not use goggles developed eye pain, a feeling of a foreign body, a sharp photophobia, lacrimation.
Comparative assessment of the coloration of tubercle bacilli in the flotation layer of pleural exudate according to Ziehl-Nielsen and Ozol
Authors: Staroselskaya K. B. , Gritsevskaya E. V. , Slepova R. I.
Published: November 2021

For the clinician, the detection of tuberculous bacteria in the pleural exudate is of great importance.
Combination of ovarian and uterine pregnancy
Authors: Sonkin A. S.
Published: November 2021

The combination of uterine and ectopic pregnancy is not uncommon. Ovarian pregnancy is one of the most rare forms of ectopic pregnancy.
Conference of doctors in Kazan following the results of the VIII International Anti-Cancer Congress
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: November 2021

On 4 / X 1962, in the assembly hall of the Kazan Medical Institute, a conference of doctors from Kazan was held, convened by the city health department and the Council of Scientific and Medical Societies of the TASSR, dedicated to the results of the VIII International Cancer Congress.
Cytological diagnosis of malignant tumors
Authors: Sigal M. S.
Published: November 2021

The importance of cytological diagnostics in the recognition of cancer has been reflected in a number of reports.
Primary fallopian tube cancer diagnosed before surgery
Authors: Slushch Z. A.
Published: November 2021

Primary cancer of the fallopian tubes is a rare disease first described by Ortman in 1886. The frequency of this form in relation to primary malignant neoplasms of the genital organs ranges from 0.11 to 0.13% - according to Crosssen, and according to Waldeyer and Weberling - up to 2.6%,
The reaction of spermaturia in male marsh frogs in the diagnosis of miscarriage
Authors: Davydova M. A.
Published: November 2021

Currently, there are still no perfect clinical methods for early diagnosis of miscarriage, as a result of which the final diagnosis is usually made only after long-term observation of patients. The disappearance of reliable signs of pregnancy does not always solve the problem. The difficulty of diagnosis lies in differentiating a miscarriage from a normal pregnancy, from a threatening and incipient miscarriage.
On the use of electroencephalography for rheumatism in children
Authors: Shvareva A. I. , Zubairova G. O.
Published: November 2021

Considering rheumatism as an infectious-allergic disease, it is natural to assume in its pathogenesis an allergic restructuring of the body's reactivity, associated in particular with dysfunctions of the central nervous system.
The clinical significance of the determination of sialic acid and protein fractions in chronic nonspecific lung diseases
Authors: Novichkov V. I.
Published: November 2021

In the domestic and foreign literature available to us, we did not find data on the content and dynamics of sialic acid in chronic nonspecific lung diseases. In this regard, we decided to conduct observations and compare the results obtained with the clinical picture and such indicators of the inflammatory process as ROE and the number of leukocytes, as well as with protein fractions, which were determined by electrophoresis on paper.
The use of hemosorption in liver failure
Authors: Sitnikov V. A. , Trusov V. V. , Lysenko V. A. , Ivanenkov A. A.
Published: November 2021

The hemosorption method was applied in the treatment of 20 patients (30 hemosorptions). Indications for hemosorption were severe cholemic intoxication and liver failure in obstructive jaundice of gallstone and tumor etiology, hepatic coma in serum hepatitis, cholemic intoxication and liver failure in biliary cirrhosis, eclampsia and renal-hepatic failure. The efficiency and possible complications of hemosorption have been analyzed.
To the clinic of gasoline pneumonia
Authors: Zakiev I. N.
Published: November 2021

Chauffeur N. 42 years old, previously not ill, complained of pulmonary hemorrhage (up to a glass), which appeared 3 hours after the ingestion of leaded gasoline into the respiratory tract through the mouth. The bleeding was repeated several times in small portions. Cough, no shortness of breath, notes chest pain.
Renal function in chronic lung diseases of non-tuberculous etiology
Authors: Dadashyan A. M. , Sorokina G. N.
Published: November 2021

We investigated the functional state of the kidneys in 20 patients with bronchiectasis, 13 with bronchial asthma and 7 with lung abscesses. Zimnitsky's test was normal in 12 patients, isogppostenuria and nocturia were found in 9, and nocturia in 19. Fonno's test was carried out in 31 patients. In 18 it turned out to be normal, in 13 patients a violation of the excretory function was revealed. Albuminuria was observed in 8, microhematuria - in 4, urobilinuria - in 17. The level of residual nitrogen was normal in 39 and increased in one patient.
Experience in the use of steroid hormones in the complex treatment of rheumatism and some other diseases in children
Authors: Akhmerova X. S. , Kamalova R. G.
Published: November 2021

Of 33 patients with active rheumatism in 1958-60. 20 received cortisone and 13 received ACTH. Myocarditis was observed in 5 people, endomyocarditis with mitral valve insufficiency - in 1, endomyocarditis with combined defects - in 23, pancarditis with combined defects - in 4. Articular manifestations (polyarthritis, polyarthralgia) were noted in 16 children. Only 5 children fell ill with rheumatism for the first time.
Dysproteinemia in blistering dermatoses
Authors: Dobrotina N. A.
Published: November 2021

In the pathogenesis of pemphigus, a large place is occupied by toxic, dystrophic changes and metabolic disorders. Proceeding from this, we studied blood proteins by paper horizontal electrophoresis on an EFA-1 apparatus.
Skull X-ray head holder
Authors: Novikov V. A.
Published: November 2021

The industry produces the head holder of the system prof. Ginzburg. It is complex and not very comfortable. We recommend a simpler and more comfortable head holder. It consists of the following parts.
On the ethics of doctors in capitalist countries
Authors: Chikin S. Ya.
Published: November 2021

In 1977, the US Congress published statistics on the operation of surgical clinics in many cities in the country. These materials cannot be read without a shudder. They once again proved that American doctors are no different from businessmen in their passion for profit. The report's conclusion was very sad. He testified that up to three million unjustified surgeries are performed annually in the United States. Naturally, they are not undertaken for the sake of the patient's health, but in order to present a more weighty bill to the patient, because the cost of the simplest surgical intervention is now estimated at at least $ 1000.
Professor Leonid Ivanovich Omorokov
Authors: Popelyansky Y. Y.
Published: November 2021

1981 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth (29 / ІѴ 1881) and 10 years since the death (30 / ІІІ 1971) of the outstanding Soviet neurologist Leonid Ivanovich Omorokov. The history of his life and work is remarkable in many ways. In 1904 he voluntarily left the student's bench at the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy and went as a military doctor to the front in Manchuria. After graduating from the academy (1907), under the leadership of V.M.Bekhterev, he carried out a clinical and experimental study on gas exchange in mental illness.
OKUL TÜRÜ, AKADEMİK BAŞARI VE SOSYO DEMOGRAFIK FAKTÖRLERİN SINAV KAYGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TURAN KURTARAN Ayten , ÜNSAL Ülkü , KOCA Abdulkadir
Published: November 2021

Sınav eğitimin her alanında zorunlu bir değerlendirme sistemidir. Bu zorunluluk öğrencilerde baskı oluşturarak sınav kaygısına sebep olmaktadır. Oluşan kaygı öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Trabzon ili Ortahisar ilçesinde bulunan Gazi Anadolu, Trabzon Fen, Atatürk Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu ve Mahmut Celaleddin Ökten Anadolu İmam Hatip Liselerinin son sınıf öğrencilerinin okul türü, akademik başarı ve sosyo-demografik özelliklerine göre sınav kaygı düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya gönüllü 333 öğrenci katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin kaygılarını değerlendirebilmek amacıyla “Sınav Kaygısı Envanteri” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde SPSS-23 programı kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan testler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U ve Ki-Kare testleridir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; duyuşsallık ve toplam kaygı boyutunda fen lisesi öğrencilerinin, kuruntu boyutunda anadolu lisesi öğrencilerinin puanları daha yüksektir. Çalışmaya katılan kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre; 2 kardeşe sahip öğrencilerin daha az/daha fazla kardeşe sahip öğrencilere göre; okul başarısını “düşük” olarak değerlendiren öğrencilerin “orta”/“yüksek” olarak değerlendiren öğrencilere göre kaygı düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgular ilgili literatüre dayanılarak tartışılmış ve gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Análisis y recomendaciones para la implementación efectiva de la gestión de riesgo de desastres en América Latina y El Caribe: Estudio a través del ndice de Gestión de Riesgo (IGR)
Authors: Salgado-Galvez Mario A. , Brenes Alonso , Jiménez Virgina , Hori Tsuneki
Published: November 2021

La presente nota técnica realiza un análisis a nivel de cuatro subregiones (Andina, Caribe, Centroamérica y Cono Sur), las cuales se clasifican en los veintiséis países miembros del Banco, en el marco de la actualización del ndice de Gestión de Desastres (IGR), realizado en los años 2019 y 2020. Este estudio permite evaluar el desempeño de la gestión de riesgo de un país en términos de capacidad técnica, científica, financiera y protección civil, así como la capacidad de las comunidades para mitigar la vulnerabilidad y prepararse para la crisis y recuperarse de manera eficiente en caso de desastres. Se analiza cualitativa y cuantitativamente los avances y retos del desempeño de la gestión de riesgo a desastres en la Región de América Latina y El Caribe durante los últimos treinta años, con el objetivo de profundizar en su entendimiento a nivel de país y subregiones; de manera que se puedan hacer recomendaciones relacionadas con las distintas amenazas naturales (inundaciones, huracanes, sequías, terremotos, entre otros).
“TREES SWING WITHOUT WIND”: A RECEPTIVE AND INTERTEXTUAL GESTURE BY DENIS TRETYAKOV (“THE CHURCH OF CHILDHOOD”)
Authors: Merkushov Stanislav F.
Published: November 2021

The article is based on the hypothesis of Yu. Kristeva on gesture as a semiotic text. The text of Denis Tretyakov’s song “Trees (Trees swing without wind)” is considered as a receptive and intertextual gesture. Оbservations made in this article offer the key to this text / gesture: step by step reconstruction of its creative communication with fragments of religious and mystical teachings (Kabbalah, Crowlianism, etc.), literary and journalistic works (“Apollo Bezobrazov” by B. Poplavsky, “Trees took the form of wind” by W.S. Burroughs). As a result, it is established that all the problematic and thematic fields and connections of the text are transferred to the cosmic sphere, and this allows its author to create a universal ontological model of the world.
THE CHARACTER CONFRONTING THE AUTOR: TOWARD THE ISSUE OF AN UNDESCRIBDED METALITERARY PLOT
Authors: Turysheva Olga N.
Published: November 2021

The article examines a specific metaliterary motif of the confrontation between ‘the author’ and the character. In this motif, both ‘the author’ and the character are portrayed as characters of the plot of the fictional world. The article analyses the emergence of the motif in modernist literature which subverts the realist poetics of the author’s omniscience. The author of the article employs the term ruman to refer to the novel genre where the author and the character enjoy equal rights. The term was first introduced by Miguel de Unamuno whose Mist (1914) was the first example of this version of metareflexive narrative. The article traces the development of the motif in modernist, postmodernist, and recently published contemporary novels. The differences in depicting of the relationship between the author and the character are explicated by reconstruction of the aesthetic and philosophical context of the time and the polemics with the dominating concepts of the Subject. Additionally, the article examines variations of the motif both in highbrow and mass literature focusing on such rumanistic pieces as novels by K. Vaginov, J. Fowles, V. Pelevin, L. Binet.
ENTREPRENEURS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION IN 1917 - EARLY 1918
Authors: Razinkov Mikhail E.
Published: November 2021

On the basis of published and previously unexplored archival materials from Voronezh, Orel, Kursk, Tambov, Bryansk, the self-organization and relationship with the government of entrepreneurs of the Central Black Earth Region in the period from spring 1917 to summer 1918 is studied. Studying this social group is important for understanding the balance of power in the region. The author comes to the conclusion that entrepreneurs, despite their active participation in political life in the spring and summer of 1917, due to the preservation of traditional ideas about power and the desire to protect and enhance their rights, could not have a significant impact on the development of the political situation in the region. Entrepreneurs did not enjoy exclusive support from government bodies, including government, which refutes the concept that existed in Soviet historiography about the bourgeois nature of the February regime. Moreover, in resolving conflicts, the authorities in 1917 tried to take into account, first of all, the interests of workers. This situation worsened even more for the bourgeoisie with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks and Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, who not only supported workers' demands, but also openly robbed entrepreneurs with the help of indemnities. Nevertheless, in order to maintain peace, the Soviet government (especially by the summer of 1918) tried to resolve relations between workers and employers for mutual benefit. At the same time, during the period under study, conflicts between workers and employers reached a high intensity relatively rarely, leaving room for agreements and dialogue, which, however, narrowed.
Non-Communicable Diseases in Afghanistan and Ghana
Authors: Khan Ahmad , M. Tidman Dr. Melanie
Published: November 2021

Non-communicable diseases are a challenge to public health worldwide. Decades ago, the consensus was that non-communicable diseases were the problem of developed and wealthy nations. However, recent studies indicate that developing countries are on the edge of emerging increases in non-communicable diseases due to various factors such as the consumption of unhealthy food, lack of physical activities, poor access to primary healthcare services, and loosened policies on tobacco use.
Non-communicable diseases cause increased mortality and have significant financial impact due to treatment costs. The conditions also decrease the capacity and productivity of the human workforce in the community who cannot adequately contribute when under treatment in the late stages of the disease. Multiple societal and economic factors contribute to poor outcomes from non-communicable diseases including increasing globalization and urbanization. The two countries reviewed, Afghanistan and Ghana, have worsened population health due to aforementioned factors. In low and middle-income countries such as Afghanistan and Ghana, the unparalleled progression of globalization and urbanization and lifestyle factors have contributed to fast track the prevalence and progression of non-communicable diseases.
This literature review aims to overview the impact of non-communicable diseases in Afghanistan and Ghana and suggest potential strategies to improve overall population health outcomes.
Policijsko delo (v skupnosti), ki ga radi spregledamo – študija primera sodelovanja policije in gasilcev
Authors: Tominc Bernarda , Sotlar Andrej
Published: November 2021

Skladno z Zakonom o organiziranosti in delu v policiji in Strategijo policijskega dela v skupnosti območne policijske postaje in policijske uprave sodelujejo z organi lokalnih skupnosti na področjih, ki se nanašajo na izboljšanje varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih. Partnersko sodelovanje je mogoče tudi z vsemi organi, organizacijami in ustanovami, ki prispevajo k zagotavljanju večje varnosti in spodbujajo varnostno samoorganiziranje prebivalcev. Najštevilčnejša organizacija, ki vsakodnevno deluje v lokalnih skupnostih v dobro prebivalcev, je gasilska. Policija ima sklenjen sporazum o sodelovanju z Gasilsko zvezo Slovenije, ki zastopa prostovoljna gasilska društva, in s Skupnostjo gasilsko reševalnih zavodov, ki zastopa poklicne gasilske enote. Sporazum omogoča in zagotavlja sodelovanje policistov, prostovoljnih in poklicnih gasilcev na področju zaščite, reševanja in pomoči, tako pri operativnem delu kot pri usposabljanju, medsebojnem informiranju, materialno-tehnični pomoči idr. Glede na to, da so gasilci v večini merjenj javnega mnenja najbolj zaupanja vredni subjekti zagotavljanja varnosti, bi policiji partnerstvo z gasilci moralo koristiti tudi pri opravljanju njenega osnovnega poslanstva.
Koordinacija policijskega dela v skupnosti na treh ravneh policijske organizacije – državno, regionalno in lokalno
Authors: Eman Katja , Ivančić Damir , Bagari Dejan
Published: November 2021

Policijsko delo v skupnosti (PDS) se osredotoča neposredno na lokalno skupnost in obsega represivne in preventivne dejavnosti. Zgodovina razvoja PDS v Sloveniji je pokazala, da so morali policisti za uspešno PDS več let aktivno in trdo delati ter sodelovati z lokalno skupnostjo na različne načine, da so se pokazali pozitivni rezultati. V zadnjih dveh letih so s pojavom covida-19 povezane razmere dodobra spremenile policijsko dejavnost ter posegle tudi v PDS. Namen prispevka je opraviti pregled stanja na področju organizacije PDS na vseh treh ravneh policijske dejavnosti – lokalni, regionalni in državni. V ta namen smo opravili intervjuje s pristojnimi za PDS na vseh treh ravneh. Ugotovili smo, da se je PDS v času epidemije precej spremenilo (uporaba Facebooka, Zooma idr.) oziroma zmanjšalo, saj so bili policisti okupirani z izvedbo drugih nalog (ukrepi za zagotavljanje varnosti, povezani z epidemiološkimi razmerami). Žal največji problem za uspešno PDS predstavlja večletna kadrovska podhranjenost slovenske policije.
Safety of diathermy for pedicle de-epithelialization in breast reduction surgery in comparison to surgical blade use
Authors: Netshiongolwe Thendo T , Ndobe Elias , Fru Pascaline N.
Published: November 2021

Background: Pedicle de-epithelialization during breast reduction is traditionally performed using a surgical blade. The reliability of this method is hampered by the time-consuming nature, bleeding and safety concerns. In this study, a comparison of the use of the surgical blade to the diathermy was assessed for blood loss, surgical time and safety during breast reduction procedures at two breast units in Johannesburg, South Africa.

>Methods: Fifteen patients undergoing breast reduction procedures with a total of 30 breasts (n=15 each for diathermy and surgical blade) were reviewed. Surgical swabs were weighed for blood loss differences and procedures were timed. Postoperatively, nipple sensation and nipple viability were determined in all patients. The data was analysed using STATA Version 16.0 suite of analytics software and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The participant ages ranged from 18-59 years with a mean (standard deviation) of 34.0 (±12.8) years. The median and interquartile ranges (IQR) of blood loss from using the surgical blade was significantly higher compared to that of the diathermy at 25.4 mL (11.4-49.4) mL versus 10.0 mL (4.0-20.0) mL, respectively (p=0.003). There were no significant differences in the overall time taken in performing the procedures: surgical blade 13.0 (11.0-21.0) minutes vs diathermy 12.5 (9.0-14.0) minutes (p = 0.27). Apart from a hematoma in one breast in the surgical blade arm, nipple viability was 100% and nipple sensation was 93.3 % (14/15) for both groups.

Conclusion: Despite similar safety profiles between de-epithelialization using diathermy versus surgical blade, the added advantage of significantly lower blood loss using diathermy suggests that the latter be considered over the standard surgical blade method during breast reduction and other procedures involving flaps.
An Epistemological Study of Theory Change
Authors: Aravanis Theofanis
Published: November 2021

Belief Revision is a well-established field of research that deals with how agents rationally change their minds in the face of new information. The milestone of Belief Revision is a general and versatile formal framework introduced by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson, known as the AGM paradigm, which has been, to this date, the dominant model within the field. A main shortcoming of the AGM paradigm, as originally proposed, is its lack of any guidelines for relevant change. To remedy this weakness, Parikh proposed a relevance-sensitive axiom, which applies on splittable theories; i.e., theories that can be divided into syntax-disjoint compartments. The aim of this article is to provide an epistemological interpretation of the dynamics (revision) of splittable theories, from the perspective of Kuhn's inuential work on the evolution of scientific knowledge, through the consideration of principal belief-change scenarios. The whole study establishes a conceptual bridge between rational belief revision and traditional philosophy of science, which sheds light on the application of formal epistemological tools on the dynamics of knowledge.