bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisión a la seguridad alimentaria en el ecuador
Authors: Burgos Guido Homero Poveda , Soledispa Vicente Bernabé Salazar , Almeida Pedro Alexander Avilés , López Jean Steve Carrera , Vera Gabriel de Jesús Neira
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se analizará sobre la seguridad alimentaria, en su evolución que se ha dado desde los años 70 esto se dio basándose en la producción y disponibilidad alimentaria a nivel global y nacional, en los años 80 se le añadió una idea de acceso, tanto económico como físico y en la década del 90 se llegó al concepto actual que incorpora la inocuidad, las preferencias culturales y se reafirma la Seguridad Alimentaria como derecho humano.

La Seguridad alimentaria está estructurada en función de cuatro componentes básicos como es la disponibilidad, estabilidad, acceso a los alimentos, consumos de los alimentos y la utilización biológica de los alimentos en cada uno se especifica su concepto principal, también se menciona el derecho a la alimentación en el Ecuador así como los organismos, planes y objetivos el cual tiene que cumplir Ecuador si es que se desea disminuir la pobreza y la desnutrición, como también las causas de la inseguridad alimentaria, uno de los objetivos principal es el análisis de cómo se encuentra actualmente la Seguridad Alimentaria del Ecuador por medio de los cuatro componentes en el que está estructurada la Seguridad Alimentaria y por medio de datos estadísticos actualizados y así poder llegar a una conclusión de cómo se encuentra la Seguridad Alimentaria en el Ecuador.
How Self-Disclosure in Online Postings Affects Female Readers’ Stigmatisation Towards Mothers with a Disability
Authors: Röhm Alexander , Möhring Michélle , Grengel Michelle , Hastall Matthias R.
Published: June 2021

Self-disclosure of a health problem or a disability in online environments can be helpful to reduce stigmatisation and to empower marginalised individuals. Although stigmatisation leads to adverse health outcomes, it is still unclear which factors reduce readers’ stigmatising attitudes. This 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 online-experiment with 715 female participants examined how the depiction of self-disclosure of a mother’s disability, her coping with a stressful situation, and the child’s type of disability and sex in a fictional blog post affect female readers’ stigma-related attitudes. The role of readers’ perspective taking is also studied in this regard. A MANOVA yielded two main effects: Disclosure of the mother’s disability reduced social distance compared to the control condition (no disability). Female respondents with a high ability for perspective taking reported less stigmatising attitudes than female respondents scoring low in this regard. Both effects are also reflected in a four-way interaction with mother’s coping and child’s sex. Overall, results indicate a high potential of self-disclosures for anti-stigma communication. Implications for blogging about a disability and future health communication research are discussed.
Pathophysiology of exercise capacity after heart transplantation
Authors: Pelin Yargıç Melda , Işık Solak Görmüş Zülfikare
Published: June 2021

Heart transplantation is a life-saving treatment option for patients with end-stage heart failure. The improvement in exercise capacity of patients can vary to a great extent following transplant surgery. This review outlines the pathophysiology behind the changes in exercise capacity after heart transplantation. Reasons for exercise intolerance can be classified as central (cardiac) and peripheral (vascular and skeletal muscle). Cardiac mechanisms that limit exercise capacity are chronotropic incompetence due to denervation of the heart and diastolic dysfunction. Peripheral mechanisms are endothelial dysfunction and morphological alterations in the skeletal muscle. Some of the pathophysiological changes can be recovered with exercise therapy after the transplantation surgery. Research should be directed to reveal the safest and most effective exercise prescription to heart transplant recipients, targeting all of the mechanisms that contribute to exercise intolerance in a holistic approach.
Prevalence of Fluroquinolone and Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance among the Patients With Urinary Tract Infection Due to Escherichia Coli
Authors: Chowdhury MJ  , Faruque CMO  , Noor J  , Rouf CM  , Hossain MM  , Ahmed H  , Rahman KMH
Published: June 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has become the most frequent bacterial infections worldwide. It is well established that Escherichia coli is the predominant cause of UTI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin among the patients with UTI due to E.Coli and to assess the potential correlation between both trends. Methods: The study was a cross sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Microbiology of Sylhet Women’s Medical College and Hospital from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Results: A total of 246 urine samples were collected from patients with UTI followed by isolation and identification of E.coli strains. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance analysis was performed by the disc diffusion method employing multiple antibiotic discs. The sensitivity was monitored by zone of inhibition around the disc. Overall rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin were 70.31% and 65.10% respectively. The rates of co-resistance to both fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin was 53.13%. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fluroquinolone should be reserved and third generation cephalosporin should be used with caution among patients with E.coli.
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease- Physician’s Dilemma: A case report
Authors: Abu Saleh Shimon  , Mahjuba Umme Salam  , Monharul Islam Bhuiyan  , Mashuq Ahmad Jumma  , Imran Hussain  , Farzana Ahmed Bristy  , Rehana Parvin
Published: June 2021

Mixed connective tissue disease is an entity of autoimmune disease with overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis and with positive anti-U1 RNP antibody. We report here a 52 year old non-diabetic, normotensive woman presenting with new onset dysphagia for two months with variable features of multiple types of connective tissue diseases for two years. Clinical features and type specific serological tests for different connective tissue diseases showed puzzling results. However, finally a high titer of anti-U1RNP antibody led to the diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease.
Human Detection System
Authors: Muley Ankush , Changan Piyush , Londhe Balaji , Pokharkar Prof. S. B.
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, Technology is advancing day by day. Most of the thing are done today with the help of technology. Technology makes the things automate and reduce human efforts. Technology plays a vital role in everyone’s life either in the form of comfort or security. To provide a input in enhancing the security, we are proposing a Human detection system. System is based on today’s most popular and growing IOT technology and PIR Sensor. System is operated through wireless network suing mobile phones. PIR sensor is used here to detect presence of human in nearby areas. System generates the alert if presence of human is detected. System ensures the security in restricted areas.
Bagunça: casamentos e sexualidade em tensão entre indígenas kanhgág
Authors: Cimbaluk Lucas
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar alguns aspectos da sexualidade kanhgág a partir do que se chama de “bagunça”, ou “bagunçar”, referindo-se aos comportamentos sexuais vistos como desregrados por certos indígenas especialmente ao falar de jovens na contemporaneidade. Esta caracterização permite analisar tensões relativas à monogamia colocada a partir das transformações do grupo após o contato. Contrasto a isto posições ágamas, com o celibato ou uma maior “liberalidade sexual”. Estas situações representariam alternativas, temporárias ou mais permanentes, diante de certas noções do casamento e monogamia. A partir destas situações, procura-se estabelecer comparações com outros estudos entre povos Jê e outras referências sobre o grupo étnico específico. O trabalho tem como base etnográfica aldeias kanhgág localizadas no norte do estado do Paraná, região sul do Brasil, na região da bacia do rio Tibagi.
Effect of Encouragement-based Management Mechanism on Construction Firms’ Manpower Development: An Empirical Study from Vietnam
Authors: Dang Chau Ngoc , Le-Hoai Long , Peansupap Vachara
Published: June 2021

The construction industry should seek to enrich its workforces due to the increasing lack of trained and skilled employees. This study attempts to investigate the relationship between encouragement-based management mechanism (EMM) and manpower development (MD) in construction firms and examine the moderating effect of firm size on this relationship by conducting bivariate Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses to analyse empirical data collected from 79 construction firms in Vietnam. The results show that EMM positively affected MD, and this positive effect was stronger in small/medium-sized construction firms than in large firms. The findings could provide construction firms in Vietnam, as well as other developing countries, with a better understanding of the effect of EMM on MD. Hence, they could establish appropriate and wise encouragement-based strategies to enhance their manpower. This study could contribute to the extant literature on construction manpower development by providing empirical evidence of the EMM−MD relationship in the context of construction firms.
Revitalization and Resurrection? Confronting Decline and Change in Religious Organizations
Authors: Fisk Glenda , Hammond Michelle
Published: June 2021

We draw on interviews with 22 religious leaders to develop a model that highlights how these individuals confront organizational change. Our model provides insight into the perceptions of leaders who are negotiating change in an unusual and turbulent organizational context. It also expands knowledge of how change is confronted in situations where organizational decline is exacerbated by widespread shifts within the larger institutional environment. We find religious leaders are attuned to the pressures facing their organizations and that in general, they embrace change. Leaders highlighted the need to encourage change not only in others, but also described a need for personal change; according to our interviewees, bringing about such transformation requires an ability to frame contextual demands for change in constructive ways, adapt and respond to the forces pressing on religious life, and balance tradition with innovation.
NEXUSES OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB PERFORMANCE IN ACADEMIA OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Anwar , Khan Muhammad Anwar , Jan Sajjad Ahmad
Published: June 2021

Nowadays universities are going through the transition due which new performance standards have been created. In such situation, performance of employees can be enhanced through effective ethical leadership. The current study has examined the dynamic links between job satisfaction, job performance and ethical leadership in the academia of Pakistan. Using a cross sectional design, quantitative data were collected from 150 academic staff working in three universities. Data were analyzed both by descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that four characteristics, i.e., practicing preacher; safe haven creator; moral motivator and ethical justice were positively associated with job performance, whereas this link was partially mediated by job satisfaction. The results obtained were in a strong concurrence with the existing literature. Hence, universities of Pakistan should focus on developing ethical leadership among their employees. In this way, universities can grow and contribute towards the socioeconomic development of Pakistan.
A STRATEGIC PUZZLE OF SAUDI-IRAN STRIFE AND FOREIGN POLICY CHOICES OF PAKISTAN (2013-18)
Authors: Shah Yeldaiz Fatima , Aslam Muhammad Adnan , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: June 2021

In diverse circumstances of region, Iran and Saudi Arabia have significant part in foreign policy of Pakistan. It is difficult for policy makers of Pakistan to retain acceptable relations and policies towards both countries at the same time because of severe contentions between the Iran and Saudi Arabia including the high interests of the main players in the Middle East Politics. The main objectives of research are to elucidate the different standpoints between Iran and Saudi Arabia and their impacts on policies of Pakistan. Different diplomatic, political and economic triangle developments among Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan is discussed during last government tenure of PML (N). For this set out, the qualitative method with historical research design has been used, through argumentation procedure while complex interdependent theory applied to examine the nature of triangle relations and policies including their impacts on regional politics and economy. The study provides significant insights for its implication in the particular context with diverse outcomes.
The Global Neurosurgery and the WFNS
Authors: Servadei Franco , Pia Tropetano Maria
Published: June 2021

In 2015, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery highlighted surgical care disparities worldwide [1]. No one could ever imagine that Global Neurosurgery would become a real movement, a source of inspiration for others surgical specialties [2]. Over the years, Global Neurosurgery allowed the realization of a collective awareness of surgery as a global health priority.

The Neurosurgical community accepted the challenge of delivering timely, safe, and affordable neurosurgical care to all who need it. Multiple efforts have been made to address this need to promote national surgical policies, improve surgical education and training, build quality research, and advocate for the surgical workforce. The critical factor has been the relationship between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS). Since 1955, the WFNS has promoted global improvement in neurosurgical care, building neurosurgical capacity through education, training, technology, and research.

The goals are ambitious. By creating international partnerships, the WFNS has established multiple training programs in neurosurgical centers in Africa and other countries with limited facilities, allowing residents to work first in the host countries to learn and improve their skills and return to their country of origin [3,4,5]. Furthermore, the WFNS is working on sustainable surgical programs within Low-and Middle-income countries (LMICs) using digital technology [6]. Internet availability allows fast and easy access to digital resources, and digital education has become an emerging tool to bridge the gap between surgeons from High-Income Countries (HICs) and LMICs.
Do We Really Need Another Journal?
Authors: Mathiesen Tiit
Published: June 2021

A new Journal sees dawn – but didn't we already have too many journals and too many articles published to go to oblivion rapidly? Publishers take advantage of the move towards open access. The need to attract an audience and select papers for high-quality decreases with the move towards business models where journals charge article processing fees to cover expenses and create margins. The Journal of Global Neurosurgery (JGNS) is not a business project: it is far more altruistic and intends to fill a real need. The long-term prospects will not depend on revenue but on the sustainability of the publication model, which by necessity must be low cost and non-profit – other ways, the new journal will not be able to fill the need.

"Global Neurosurgery" is becoming increasingly vogue. Individual neurosurgeons and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies have fostered projects to develop our specialty in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where single neurosurgeons have catered to many millions of patients. We see a worldwide quiet revolution of expanding surgical infrastructure and dissemination of knowledge in countries previously deprived. The stakeholders of this revolution have soon identified a veritable glass ceiling when it comes to publication. Submissions have frequently been seen as relevant or generalizable for the audiences of existing journals. Clinical neuroscience in LMICs is, much to the surprise of many practitioners and editors in previously established structures, different. Fundamental issues such as study population and external validity were rediscovered when population data, research findings, and practice guidelines from affluent, relatively elderly western people with access to smooth infrastructure and exquisitely equipped hospitals were applied with little meaning in LMICs with different demographics and epidemiology. Yet, many clinical studies from LMICs were adapted to previous literature's format and style, without detecting the unique qualities, "the cracks in the wall" of existing paradigms, that would bring the progress of knowledge and change. I believe that a research community with a thorough understanding of the specific qualities of infrastructure and epidemiology in LMICs is being established, and it needs dedicated platforms. A journal is one such platform that can serve to define and direct the subspecialty.
Effect of individual entrepreneurship orientation on export intention in micro
and small enterprises
Authors: Dahal Ajit , Krisjanti Mahestu
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Considering
the importance of the internationalization of micro and small enterprises
(MSEs) for the national economic growth, this study was conducted in order to
determine the possible impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO)
on export intention in MSEs through the moderating effect of access to finance.

Methodology:
This research consists of a survey of 150 agriculture farm owners from
Nepal conducted in January 2020. The researchers used SmartPLS as a research
tool to analyse the data.
Results: The
results of this study indicate that out of five dimensions of IEO, only
autonomy has a positive significant effect on export intention, whereas access
to finance had no moderating role in the effect of IEO on export intention.
Conclusion: Overall,
this study provides profound insight about IEO in the context of a less
developed country like Nepal and also sheds light on Nepalese farm owners’ IEO
and their intention to export.
LA ÉTICA Y LA MORAL: CIMIENTOS DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD; CASO ZONA METROPOLITANA PUEBLA – TLAXCALA, MÉXICO.
Authors: Vázquez Guzmán Olga , Flores González Sergio
Published: June 2021

El siglo XXI registra una desigual distribución del ingreso y la riqueza, que se combina con una crisis ambiental mundial. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una valoración de la ética y la moral en relación con el comportamiento de grupos sociales en materia de Educación Ambiental en cuatro instituciones universitarias de la Zona Metropolitana Puebla – Tlaxcala, México. Es una investigación mixta que combina aspectos teórico-conceptuales con evidencia empírica, mediante la aplicación de encuestas a jóvenes universitarios. Se coloca el acento, en el análisis del entorno, en el que se desarrolla un sistema de ética y moral en un contexto social y en un ambiente de educación institucionalizada. Se abordan el impacto del poder público, los derechos humanos a partir de una crítica al marco jurídico en el país; se dan a conocer resultados de trabajo de campo según la aplicación de encuestas, distribuidas proporcionalmente en cuatro universidades de la zona referida, con indicadores como: el principio de igualdad, el poder social, la protección al medio ambiente, unión con la naturaleza, respeto a los recursos naturales y prevención de la contaminación. Entre las conclusiones se encuentran: la identificación de una brecha entre la ética, la moral y la educación ambiental, la ausencia de coordinación entre órganos de gobierno del sector público y las instituciones universitarias en materia de educación ambiental, por lo que se infiere que existe un gran trecho por recorrer, en la perspectiva de una nueva cultura de la educación para la sostenibilidad.
LÍNGUA E LINGUAGEM NA EDUCAÇÃO DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA PARA CRIANÇAS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE FILOSOFIAS DA LINGUAGEM ESTRUTURALISTA E PÓS-ESTRUTURALISTA
Authors: Cardoso Merlo Marianna , Jotto Kawachi Furlan Claudia
Published: June 2021

Ao defendermos o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras (LE) para crianças como parte do processo educacional, é fundamental discutirmos as diferentes formas de compreender língua e linguagem e as implicações dessas concepções para a ação docente. Assim, neste artigo, discutimos diferentes conceitos de língua e linguagem elaborados por duas teorias linguísticas: o estruturalismo e o pós-estruturalismo. Esta análise objetivou promover uma reflexão sobre possibilidades de embasamento de práticas direcionadas à educação de língua estrangeira para crianças, partindo do princípio de que, ainda que de maneira indireta, todo fazer docente é influenciado por determinada filosofia. Neste trabalho, discutimos propostas locais que enfatizam visões pós-estruturalistas. Sabendo que a linguagem é permeada por relações de poder e que língua e cultura são indissociáveis, julgamos que o professor de LE para crianças, ao refletir sobre as perspectivas apresentadas neste texto, terá melhores condições de assumir seu papel de educador, que busca não somente ensinar repertórios linguísticos, mas também contribuir para a formação de cidadãos conscientes de seu papel na sociedade.
Influence of atmospheric in-cloud aqueous-phase chemistry on global simulation of SO2 in CESM2
Authors: Ge Wendong , Liu Junfeng , Yi Kan , Xu Jiayu , Zhang Yizhou , Hu Xiurong , Ma Jianmin , Wang Xuejun , Wan Yi , Hu Jianying , Zhang Zhaobin , Wang Xilong , Tao Shu
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major atmospheric pollutant and precursor of sulfate aerosols, which influences air quality, cloud microphysics and climate. Therefore, better understanding the conversion of SO2 to sulfate is essential to simulate and predict sulfur compounds more accurately. This study evaluates the effects of in-cloud aqueous-phase chemistry on SO2 oxidation in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). We replaced the default aqueous-phase reactions with detailed HOx-, Fe-, N- and carbonate chemistry and performed a global simulation for 2014–2015. Compared with the observations, the results incorporating detailed aqueous-phase chemistry greatly reduced SO2 overestimation. This overestimation was reduced by 0.1–10 ppbv in most of Europe, North America and Asia and more than 10 ppbv in parts of China. The biases in annual simulated SO2 concentrations decreased by 46 %, 41 %, and 22 % in Europe, the United States and China, respectively. Fe-chemistry and HOx-chemistry contributed more to SO2 oxidation than N-chemistry. Higher concentrations of soluble Fe and higher pH values could further enhance the oxidation capacity. This study emphasizes the importance of detailed aqueous-phase chemistry for the oxidation of SO2. These mechanisms can improve SO2 simulation in CESM2 and deepen understanding of SO2 oxidation and sulfate formation.
A space-time Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework for projection of seasonal streamflow extremes
Authors: Ossandón Álvaro , Brunner Manuela I , Rajagopalan Balaji , Kleiber William
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Timely projections of seasonal streamflow extremes can be useful for the early implementation of annual flood risk adaptation strategies. However, predicting seasonal extremes is challenging particularly under non-stationary conditions and if extremes are connected in space. The goal of this study is to implement a space-time model for projection of seasonal streamflow extremes that considers the nonstationarity and spatio-temporal dependence of high flows. We develop a space-time model to project seasonal streamflow extremes for several lead times up to 2 months using a Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling (BHM) framework. This model is based on the assumption that streamflow extremes (3-day maxima) at a set of gauge locations are realizations of a Gaussian elliptical copula and generalized extreme value (GEV) margins with nonstationary parameters. These parameters are modeled as a linear function of suitable covariates from the previous season selected using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Finally, the copula is used to generate streamflow ensembles, which capture spatio-temporal variability and uncertainty. We apply this modelling framework to predict 3-day maximum flow in spring (May-June) at seven gauges in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) with 0 to 2 months lead time. In this basin, almost all extremes that cause severe flooding occur in spring as a result of snowmelt and precipitation. Therefore, we use regional mean snow water equivalent and temperature from the preceding winter season as well as indices of large-scale climate teleconnections – ENSO, AMO, and PDO – as potential covariates for 3-day maximum flow. Our model evaluation, which is based on the comparison of different model versions and the energy skill score, indicates that the model can capture the space-time variability of extreme flow well and that model skill increases with decreasing lead time. We also find that the use of climate variables slightly enhances skill relative to using only snow information. Median projections and their uncertainties are consistent with observations thanks to the representation of spatial dependencies through covariates in the margins and a Gaussian copula. This spatio-temporal modeling framework helps to plan seasonal adaptation and preparedness measures as predictions of extreme spring flows become available 2 months before actual flood occurrence.
Investigation of the influence of heat treatment modes of experimental steels for new generation railway rails on mechanical properties
Authors: Babachenko A.I. , Podolskyi R.V. , Kononenko G.A. , Safronova Е.А.
Published: June 2021

The safety of railway transport depends on the quality of the metal, the efficiency of the technology for manufacturing rails and wheelsets, and the operating conditions of the railway track. The operational durability of rails is largely determined by the structural state and mechanical properties of the metal of the rail elements. On the basis of a comparative analysis of various methods and modes of treatment of railway rails, it was found that one of the ways to increase the operational reliability of rails can be the optimization of methods for heating and cooling the metal when implementing the modes of their heat treatment. A study of the microstructure of steel laboratory melts up to 10 kg, melted under the conditions of the IHM NASU (the symbol of which is PCT), after furnace heating with cooling the blanks for tensile specimens (55x12x12mm) in various cooling media: in calm air, under a ventilator, blowing with compressor air in water with a temperature of 80˚С. It is found that at cooling rate 5,1˚С / s (cooling air compressor) is obtained a homogeneous structure of fine pearlite with a hardness of the metal at the level of foreign standards. On the basis of technical sources, it has been established that volumetric furnace heating followed by immersion of the test specimens made of steel with 0,84%С, 0,44% Si, 0,95% Mn into an environment providing the metal with a controlled cooling rate of ≈5.1˚C / s contributes to the formation of a lamellar pearlite structure with a hardness of 415 HB. It was found that the use of furnace heating leads to the production of homogeneous austenite in the volume of the samples under study.
Epidemiology of Non-Malignant Oral Lesions in a Rural Population Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Lucknow, U.P., India
Authors: Agarwal Ekta , Sharma Sumit , Naseem Ahmed Aseem
Published: June 2021

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of non-malignant oral lesions in a rural population attending a tertiary care centre in Lucknow, India.
Method: A total of 340 patients presenting with oral lesions for more than 2 weeks were enrolled in the study. Patients with proven malignancy, white patch in the oral cavity which can be scrapped off, e.g. oral candidiasis and urban patients were excluded from the assessment. Demographic profile, adverse oral habits and dietary habits of patients were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Data has been represented as number and percentages.
Results: Age of patients enrolled in the study ranged between 18 and 75 years, median age was 32 years and mean age was 33.86±10.65 years. Majority were aged 26-50 years (66.2%), were males (55.3%), were farmers/labourers (58.6%), were illiterate/educated upto primary grade (57.1%). Oral pain and burning sensation was the most common presenting complaint (45%). All the patients have two or more of the following habits – areca nut chewing, tobacco chewing and smoking. A total of 41.5% patients had all the three habits. Alcohol and spicy food consumption were reported by 12.6% and 84.4% patients. On histopathology, a total of 191 (56.18%) cases had premalignant lesions and 149 (43.82%) had benign lesions. Major premalignant types were leukoplakia (n=87; 45.5%), OSMF (n=62; 32.5%) and Erythroplakia (n=18; 9.4%). Aphthous ulcer major (n=74; 49.7%), geographical tongue (n=43; 28.9%) and traumatic ulcer (n=23; 15.4%) were the major benign lesions.
Conclusion: In a rural population presenting with non-premalignant oral lesions areca nut, chewing tobacco and smoking were the major etiologies affecting mainly young adults. The high prevalence of premalignant lesions showed a high potential of their transformation to malignant status. Preventive measures with modification of oral habits are recommended.

Keywords: Non-malignant oral lesions, Leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, aphthous ulcer major, rural.
To Study the Predictive Value of Umbilical Cord Blood Bilirubin Levels Term Neonates as Marker of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Reddy Jillela Mahesh , Umesh Jonnala
Published: June 2021

Background: Infants who are clinically jaundiced in the first few days are more likely to develop hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common medical problem in newborn infants. It is the most important cause for hospital readmissions during the early neonatal period and also the cause for neonatal morbidity.
Objective: In this prospective study we are going to evaluate the predictive value of cord bilirubin level for identifying term neonates for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.
Materials and Methods: Cord bilirubin levels at birth and subsequently serum bilirubin levels at 72 h were assessed in 291 neonates. The cutoff value was estimated beyond which there was significant hyperbilirubinemia. Statistics employed include quantitative data which is expressed in terms of mean and SD and qualitative in terms of proportions and receiver operator characteristic curve used to find cut-off value and to find sensitivity and specificity.
Results: The cutoff value of cord bilirubin >2 mg/dl had sensitivity and specificity of 77.97 and 56.90%, respectively, with positive predictive value of 31.51 and negative predictive value of 91.03% for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.
Conclusion: To decreases the significant burden of untreated severe neonatal jaundice, cord serum bilirubin can be used as a screening tool to identify the neonatal jaundice in term and this prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has widespread implication especially in our country where there are limited resources.

Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal morbidity, cord serum bilirubin.
The Increase in Porang Instant Noodle Market Share from the Perspective of Transformative Business Model Analysis
Authors: . Novrizal , Rahayu Florentina , Phangestu Joni
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is one of the 10 countries with the consumption of the world's biggest instant noodles. One alternative to raw materials that instant noodles are healthier than iles-iles porang or bulbs. Through connecting consumer needs with developing technology that is Transformative Business Model, this research aims to: 1) Learn how the companies condition instant noodles made from porang (porang instant noodles) currently; 2) Figure out the model business to run the porang instant noodles company; 3) Identify the challenges in porang instant noodles industry; 4) Recommend the increase in market share of porang instant noodles. Conceptual framework in this research processed through PESTEL analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Model analysis, Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM), Value Chain analysis. The conceptual framework validated by Transformative Business Model. The results showed that the challenges are not coming from competitors, but comes from the main raw material suppliers up to now only have one company. One company subdue the raw material market supply also makes high dependency in industry. On the other hand, potential market share in porang instant noodles is still huge to local as well as the international market.

Keywords: market share, consumer needs, technology, instant noodle, Porang, Transformative business model.
A Comparative Study between Day Care and Routine Care Inguinal Hernia Mesh Repair
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Poddar Devadatta , Kiran C Raja Bhanu
Published: June 2021

Inguinal hernia is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. If not treated on time, patient may land up with complications. The basic principle of hernia surgery is tension free repair. There are no guidelines regarding an ideal surgery or anaesthesia to be used for inguinal hernia repair. Around 10-12% patient visiting outpatient clinic suffer from inguinal hernia and occupy a significant space in the operative list. Day care surgery in which the patient is discharged within 24 hours of surgery is gradually becoming the norm. A lot of centres are performing exclusive day care surgery with a good patient acceptance, thus reducing the burden on the hospital.
In this study conducted on 68 patients in a public tertiary care centre, we have compared day care versus routine care inguinal hernia surgery with 34 patients in each group. Lichtenstein hernia repair was done for all patients. The procedure was done under local anaesthesia for the day care surgery group whereas local/spinal/general anaesthesia was used for routine care group. Patients were admitted and discharged on the same day in day care group while patients in routine care group were admitted and discharged as per and norms of in-patient care. The feasibility of the procedure, recovery time, readmission for surgery related complications, and patient satisfaction was compared among the two groups.
We concluded that day care surgery is a feasible option, with early recovery, short stay, early ambulation, minimal complications, and significant patient satisfaction. Day care procedures have an edge over routine care public tertiary care hospitals.

Keywords: Inguinal hernia, day care surgery, Lichtenstein repair.
Escritos sobre jóvenes
Authors: Giambroni Silvia , Paredes Silvia , Riva Andrea
Published: June 2021

Actualmente, desde distintos ámbitos profesionales se reconoce la complejidad que encierra el trabajo con jóvenes que transitan situaciones de dificultad en contextos urbanos caracterizados por un entramado cultural complejo. Por un lado, la migración interna y externa, las condiciones de pobreza, el acceso fragmentado al mercado de consumo, la segmentación del sistema educativo y las diferentes oportunidades de sostener la escolaridad, la pervivencia de un sistema judicial de menores que aún conserva muchos rasgos tutelares y contrarios a la lógica del derecho, la permeabilidad de los jóvenes a la interpelación de los discursos mediáticos, colocan a este sector poblacional en condiciones de extrema vulnerabilidad que en la Argentina presenta indicadores alarmantes: por ejemplo, el 50% de los jóvenes son pobres, la mayor parte de las muertes juveniles ocurren por causas externas, son las principales víctimas de muertes policiales y más del 40% no logra culminar la escolaridad obligatoria. Por otro lado, estas problemáticas que afectan a buena parte de la población joven presentan además manifestaciones diferentes que resultan de una trama compleja que combina diversas culturas de origen, diversas subculturas juveniles (que se multiplican en los ámbitos urbanos y que se expresan en modalidades de consumos y producciones culturales diferenciadas) y posiciones socioeconómicas altamente diferenciadas. En el marco de este entramado cultural, el trabajo que se lleva adelante en diversas instituciones (escolares, de salud, judiciales, recreativas, asistenciales, educativas no escolares, etc.) enfrenta los límites de las definiciones universales acerca de qué es ser joven o qué es ser adolescente hoy, para dar cuenta de la multiplicidad de formas identitarias juveniles.
A comprehensive review on the application of artificial intelligence in drug discovery.
Authors: Sahoo Ashrulochan , Dar Ghulam Mehdi
Published: June 2021

The 21st century is witnessing immense achievements in human history, starting from home science to space science. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a salient one among these feats, the critical factor of the 4th industrial revolution. Health is the primary and essential asset for the continuity of human civilization on this planet. Not only must we address the deadly existing diseases like Cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's, heart diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, etc., but on top of that, we must effectively predict, prevent and respond to potential pathogens capable of causing havoc like the recent outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2. AI-enabled technology with the computational capacity of a computer and reasoning ability of humans saves surplus labor and time that is majorly consumed in target validation, lead optimization, molecular representation, and designing reaction pathways, which traditionally is a decade-long way of searching, visualizing, studying, imagining, experimenting and maintaining a ton of data. This article would focus on how AI will help find the drug-like properties in the compound screening phase predicting the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and ADMET properties in lead identification and optimization phases, sustainable development of chemicals in the synthesis phases up to AI's assistance in the successful conduct of clinical trials and repurposing.
Admissibility of a Video as Evidence in a Court: Its Presentation and Probative Value
Authors: Rajput Muhammad Arif
Published: June 2021

To general public, all videos are perceived to be true, but they may not have probative value in the Court of law. The undertaken article analyzes the admissibility and probative value of a video presented as evidence before a court in the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan (CJSP). It analyzes the relevant law and diagnoses the problems with the video evidence through the lens of the judgments of Superior Courts. The court of law objectively ascertains that a video presented as evidentiary means bears significant relevance to the fact in question. It must be admissible under the law, and it must be proved to be genuine. To fill up the gap between a “Video” and a “Video Evidence”, there is a process, which is known as video authentication. It determines that the video contents are genuine, authentic, credible, unaltered, untampered and unfabricated. The study discusses various modes of video authentication. Precedents set by superior courts of Pakistan show that convictions have been made once the courts are satisfied with the credibility of video evidence. In the court of law, video evidence is normally presented after the completion of prosecution evidence. The video is played in court and is watched by the presence. But the researcher establishes that such process does not have legal justification. The article suggests that it would be legal and proper for the prosecution to produce the video evidence through the witness, during his evidence, who is either victim, witness, recorded and/or copied the video directly from original source such as C.C.T.V system and that witness would be subjected to cross examination.
Impact of Covid-19 as a Pandemic on Various Industries: A Conceptual Paper
Authors: Shaikh Sadia , Sultan Muhammad Faisal , Arif Tasleem
Published: June 2021

Pandemics always create dreadful effects not only on human life but also drastically influence businesses and industries. Historical evidence has apparently indicated that the outbreak of Spanish flu, SARS, MERS, and Ebola viruses, all created radical impacts on businesses around the globe, leaving behind the economic structures into miseries and deprivations. Similar is the case of COVID-19 outbreak which instigated from China and dispersed all over the globe. In Pakistan, the first case was reported in March 2020 and since then the government has relentlessly tried to impose lockdown and social distancing in order to avert the harm. It has been substantiated that the public isolations and lockdowns have not only yielded negative impacts on the economy but also on different forms of business and employment. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze potential impacts of COVID-19 on different forms of industries in Pakistan through gathering the public opinion as the source of data. The study is one of the preliminary studies therefore it is based on descriptive design in order to show perceived impact of outbreak of virus. Results indicated that the pandemic is harmful and affecting most of the business in negative manner however there are some businesses which are burgeoning on opportunities emerged from the pandemic and attaining growth due to the spread of the virus.
An Agglomeration Benefits of Oil and Gas Firms: An Exploratory Study Through Industrial Cluster
Authors: Kalhoro Maryam , Junejo Dahshila , Shaikh Sanobar Salman
Published: June 2021

The research investigates the agglomeration pattern of seven national, international oil and gas extraction and production companies through an exploration of oil and gas cluster components and subcomponents.For this exploratory study, data is collected through primary sources via in-depth interviews from managers of national and international oil and gas MNCs working in Sindh, Pakistan and through secondary sources ofbusiness reports. The content analysis is adopted to analyze the data. Results of this study reveal that there is strong existence of exploration and production companies which results in agglomeration, however, other components of oil and gas cluster like refineries, marketing companies, supporting institutes, media and government poorly exist in Sindh province of Pakistan. Findings also highlight that the Sindh as a resource-rich region is still underdeveloped due to poor management of resources or because of the absence of ideal oil and gas cluster components and coordination among them in the region. _________________________Keywords:Agglomeration, Oil and Gas sector, cluster components, regional development Sindh, Pakistan.INTRODUCTIONPakistan is rich in oil and gas reserves that can sufficiently help to accelerate the economic growth of the country (Haque and Arif, 2007).According to Akbar (2005), Pakistan is the country which mainly depends on oil and gas resources for their energy consumption. Since the 1980s, the country's crude oil consumption is greater than the production. The average crude oil production in the year 2013 is 51.32, and its consumption is 285.38 barrels per day, respectively
Identity Negotiation of Female ESL Learners: Communities of Practice Perspective
Authors: Pandhiani Saima Murtaza , Umrani Sumera
Published: June 2021

This qualitative study employs Communities of Practice (Lave& Wenger, 1991) framework to map out how female learner identity is built and negotiated within Post-colonial Pakistan. The study traces out the ongoing identity struggles of young Pakistani female ESL learners at The Institute of English Language and Literature (IELL), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, from a broadly poststructuralist perspective .Data analysis and interpretation were guided by CoPframework which views learner as essentially part and parcel of the learning environment within which learning takes places. The data revealed a complex picture of Female English Language Learner Identity (FELLI), as diverse subject positions emerged while the participants developed a sense of alignment with different CoP and displaying acts of resistance to counter discrimination. Higher education appeared as a site of identity negotiation and transition into new CoP for the participants. The participants demonstrated signs of social, linguistic and academic participation in as participating members of academic CoP
Analyzing the Impact of Lady Health Worker Program on Utilization of Maternal Health Services in Community With A Lady Health Worker in Sindh Province
Authors: Shah Ghulam Rasool , Jariko Ghulam Ali
Published: June 2021

The study aims to analyze impact of Lady Health Worker program on use of maternal health services in community with a lady health worker. The main focus was the rural districts of Sindh for this case study. The maternal health service is determined by at least four Antenatal care (ANC) visits provided to mother and receipt of at least two Tetanus Toxoid (TT) injections to mother during pregnancy. These have direct impact on maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. Secondary data pertaining to all districts of Sind for three years (2017-2019) was collected from the Sindh Lady Health Worker program office Hyderabad for analysis purpose. Further secondary data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) was also used to see the impact of intervention of LHW program implemented by Ministry of Health Pakistan in 1994 and then devolved to provinces after the implementation of 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2010. The study found that the services provided by the lady health workers in communities in these districts has positively influenced the uptake of maternal health services as determined by the variables like antenatal visits by pregnant mothers to nearest health facilities and receipt of Tetanus Toxoid injection during pregnancy.
A Study of Socio-Economic Problems Faced by Labors in Brick Kiln: A Case Study of District Hyderabad (Rural)
Authors: Pahawar Ghazala , Tunio Shabana , Shaikh Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2021

The present study investigates the socio-economic problems of the labors in Brick Kilns which are situated in the vicinities of district Hyderabad (Rural). Eighty three respondents from twenty five brick kilns were selected for interview. It is found that majority of the respondents was illiterate and never visited educational, technical and religious institutions. The economic categorization of the labors revealed that majority was categorized as ‘poorest of poor’ (living below poverty line),having semi-pacca houses,earning less than 10,000 rupees per month to manage their entire family. Due to very low income they spent least amount on education and health while more on food and utilities. The general problems reported by the labors are: poor quality of drinking water, no shelter at work place, child labor, low and late payment of wages, long working hours etc. Besides these,both male and female labors informed about misbehave and use of abusive language by the owner/manager, even few of them also complained about physical abuse. Stomach problem was found as common disease in men followed by Anemia whereas in women Anemia was ranked first followed by Backache.