bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the organization of work on teaching the skills of first aid skills in a technical university
Authors: Bardina Ekaterina G. , Yanchiy Svetlana V.
Published: March 2021

An inquiry into the modern scientific sources and the global and Russian trends in the development of human life safety issues pointed to the importance of premedical first aid knowledge and skills. This study considered the organization of educational and extracurricular processes of the graduate department of a technical university aimed at the formation of premedical first aid skills in students. It examined the possibilities of the university divisions and the features of how educational, extracurricular, career guidance and other training work is organized in two structural divisions where the teaching staff of the department takes part in the activity under study. The paper offers examples of the author developments in teaching Health and Wellness (all Bachelor majors and training programs) to Bachelor, Master and Specialist students in groups assigned to the graduate department. The types of work that contribute to acquiring the necessary competencies by students of the Institute of Postgraduate Professional Education were analyzed. The paper shows additional possibilities of the graduate department in the organization of extracurricular and vocational guidance activities, aimed at formation of the premedical first aid skills, and gives examples of activities in which the practical component is particularly important. A distinction of all activities in which the teaching staff of the department participates is that they are held consistently, thus contributing to the consolidation of the learning outcome in students of different categories at a technical university.
Алелопатична активність Trifolium repens L. та T. rubens l. (Fabaceae) в умовах національного ботанічного саду імені м. М. М. Гришка НАН України
Authors: Левчик Н. Я. , Гнатюк А. М. , Любінська А. В. , Горбенко Н. Є.
Published: March 2021

На сьогодні досягнення алелопатії дають змогу досліджувати характер хімічної взаємодії між рослинами як у природних фітоценозах, так і у вирощуванні рослин культурної флори. Ця взаємодія полягає у пригніченні або стимуляції проростання насіння, росту та розвитку передусім особин одного виду та довколишніх видів цього фітоценозу. Алелопатична активність є важливою ознакою для конкуренції та виживання виду на певній території. Біологічно активні сполуки, що є засобом алелопатичної конкуренції, можуть бути виділені у повітря, змиті з поверхні листка на поверхню ґрунту, виділені кореневою системою безпосередньо в ґрунт. Кореневі виділення рослин призводять до ґрунтовтоми, яка є комплексною і ключовою проблемою для сільського господарства, та вимагає правильного чергування та поєднання культур на посівних площах та обов'язкового дотримання режиму відпочинку ґрунтів. Здійснено літературний скринінг вітчизняних і закордонних джерел, які роблять висновок про високу алелопатичну активність рослин роду Trifolium, яка отримала назву "конюшиновтома". У процесі досліджень зроблено висновок, що під час тривалого росту на одному місці рослини T. rubens і T. repens проявляють алелопатичну активність відносно довколишніх рослин. Алелопатичну активність виділень кореневої системи у ризосферному ґрунті та екстрактів надземної частини рослин T. rubens і T. repens встановлювали за методикою А. М. Гродзінського (1973). Для тестування використано однодобові проростки тест-рослин амаранту Amarantus paniculatus. Встановлено, що алелопатична активність ризосферного ґрунту рослин роду Trifolium перебуває у динаміці, внаслідок накопичення виділень (колінів) кореневої системи рослин, із найвищими показниками у кінці вегетаційного періоду. Зроблено висновок, що рослини T. rubens, як кореневі їх виділення, так і екстракти надземних органів, є сильнішими інгібіторами, ніж T. repens. Зроблено узагальнення, що, незалежно від виду рослин роду Trifolium та фази вегетації, екстракти за концентрації 1:10 мають найбільшу інгібуючу активність, за концентрації 1:50 – мають середні показники, за концентрації 1:100 – найменше інгібування. Встановлено закономірність, що зі збільшенням концентрацій розчинів рослин роду Trifolium їх інгібуюча алелопатична активність підвищується. Найсильнішу інгібуючу дію (7,22 %) зафіксовано у рослин T. rubens наприкінці вегетації, найсильнішу стимулятивну дію (113,64 %) – у рослин цього самого виду у фазу цвітіння. Актуальним для майбутніх досліджень залишається встановлення якісного та кількісного вмісту колінів ризосферного ґрунту та біологічно активних речовин надземної частини рослин роду Trifolium.
Моделювання динаміки гасника коливань із керованою частотою
Authors: Паращук Д. Л. , Зіркевич В. М. , Грубель М. Г.
Published: March 2021

Розроблено методику описання амплітудно-частотної характеристики динамічного гасника коливань, який є пружною консольною балкою із системою зосереджених мас. Математичною моделлю коливань такої системи є крайова задача із дискретною правою частиною. Використовуючи властивості системи власних функцій, які описують форми власних коливань вказаного тіла без зосереджених мас, методом регуляризації отримано аналітичні співвідношення, які описують амплітудо-частотну характеристику такого гасника коливань. Встановлено, зокрема, що його частота власних коливань приймає менші значення для: більших величин зосереджених мас, ближчого їх розміщення до кінця пружного тіла та більшої його довжини. Отримані співвідношення можуть бути базовими для налаштування вказаного типу гасників коливань з метою максимального виконання ними функціональних завдань. Ефективність застосування динамічних гасників коливань (ДГК) для гасіння коливань встановленого у транспортному засобі чутливого елемента залежить від багатьох чинників: способів і місця кріплення до підресореної частини транспортного засобу, його розмірів та ваги, матеріалу та його компоновки та ін. Сукупно зазначені чинники впливають на основні характеристики власних і вимушених його коливань, а відтак – на частину енергії, яку отримує ДГК від чутливого елемента, зумовлену рухом транспортного засобу вздовж пересіченої місцевості. Із фізичних міркувань остання значною мірою залежить від співвідношення між частотами власних коливань ДГК, чутливого елемента та підресореної частини. Отримано математичну модель ДГК, яка відповідає консольно закріпленій балці. Способом регуляризації дискретних зовнішніх сил отримано спектр власних частот ДГК, який враховує всі основні його характеристики: пружні властивості балки, її довжину, величину зосередженої маси. З використанням зазначеного вище отримано системи диференціальних рівнянь кутових коливань механічної системи підресореної частини транспортного засобу – чутливий елемент – ДГК. Програмна реалізація її дає змогу: визначити місце закріплення динамічних гасників коливань на турелі; визначити оптимальну масу динамічних гасників коливань; розрахувати оптимальні частоти власних коливань динамічних гасників коливань, закріплених на чутливому елементі, під час дії сили при навантаженні в русі транспортного засобу по пересіченій місцевості. Здійснено дослідження взаємодії турелі з динамічними гасниками коливань та обґрунтовано спосіб їх оптимального налаштування для уникнення явищ, близьких до резонансних.
Pesca de emalhe e conservação de recursos pesqueiros: um estudo de caso no litoral sul do Brasil
Authors: Afonso Maíra Gnoatto , Chaves Paulo de Tarso da Cunha
Published: March 2021

Frota de pequena escala sediada em Matinhos (PR), operante com redes de emalhe, foi monitorada em 2014/2015. As redes possuem tamanhos de malha variando de 5 a 45 cm entre nós opostos, altura de 2 a 25 m, comprimento total de 400 a 4.000 m. Quatro modalidades de uso são comuns: fundeio e caceio (passivas), cerco e caracol (ativas). Tais modalidades são empregadas em sete técnicas, reunindo combinações de petrechos, locais de operação e sazonalidade, para capturar determinados recursos. São pescarias multiespecíficas, envolvendo ao menos 34 espécies de teleósteos e 11 de elasmobrânquios (maioria capturada na modalidade fundeio e como fauna acompanhante). Tainhas, pescadas, linguados e cações estão entre os recursos-alvo. No entanto, certos recursos são alvos numa modalidade, mas fauna acompanhante noutra. Em consequência das peculiaridades das técnicas, indivíduos pequenos são vulneráveis às malhas maiores, e os maiores, às malhas menores, fatos que dificultam o manejo por tamanho. Segundo categorias IUCN, três recursos tratam-se de espécies NT; sete VU; um EN; e dois CR. A  técnica de fundeio malha 10 incide sobre três deles. A malha 18 sobre nove, no inverno e/ou primavera. Embora, ao menos 41 recursos ocorram permanentemente na região, a pesca de emalhe incide mais intensamente sobre 17,  indicando que o rodízio de técnicas pode refletir uma menor pressão de pesca sobre a comunidade ictíica local. Recomenda-se redução do esforço de pesca da rede com malha 18 na técnica de fundeio no final de inverno e na primavera por capturar proporcionalmente um maior número de espécies ameaçadas.
Influence of polymer coatings on icing of ship structures
Authors: Корягин С.И. , Шарков О.В. , Великанов Н.Л.
Published: March 2021

Полимерные покрытия находят все более широкое применение в судостроении и судоремонте. Этому способствует многообразие полимерных покрытий с различными свойствами. Одним из распространённых требований, предъявляемым к корпусным конструкциям морских судов является необходимость обеспечения их безотказной работы в условиях воздействия отрицательных температур окружающей среды. При интенсификации процессов обледенения возможно возникновение аварийных ситуаций. В статье рассмотрены различные аспекты влияния полимерных покрытий на обледенение судовых корпусных конструкций. Приведены экспериментальные зависимости адгезии льда к металлу и полимерам от солености воды, от величины шероховатости. Установлено, что изменение шероховатости поверхностей и соленость воды существенно влияют на адгезию полимерных покрытий ко льду. Выявлены клеевые композиции, обеспечивающие полимерным покрытиям наименьшую адгезию ко льду. Исследования позволяют дать рекомендации по совершенствованию методов ремонта и модернизации судовых корпусных конструкций.

Polymer coatings are increasingly used in shipbuilding and ship repair. This is facilitated by the variety of polymer coatings with different properties. One of the most common requirements for marine hull structures is the need to ensure their trouble-free operation under the influence of negative environmental temperatures. With the intensification of the processes of icing possible the occurrence of accidents. The article deals with various aspects of the influence of polymer coatings on the icing of ship hull structures. Experimental dependences of ice adhesion to metal and polymers on water salinity and roughness are presented. It was found that changes in surface roughness and water salinity significantly affect the adhesion of polymer coatings to ice. Adhesive compositions that provide polymer coatings with the lowest adhesion to ice are identified. The research makes it possible to give recommendations for improving the methods of repair and modernization of ship hull structures.
Investigation of the influence of the dimensionality of the mathematical model of the ship's motion the result of predicting its controllability
Authors: Багринцев В.В. , Макарова В.В. , Потехин Ю.П.
Published: March 2021

В работе рассматривается влияние размерности математической модели движения судна на параметры движения, характеризующие его управляемость, к которым относятся курсовой угол, угловая скорость рыскания, продольное и боковое смещение. Указанное влияние определяется путем имитационного моделирования движения судна посредством математической модели плоского движения в плоскости невозмущенной поверхности воды, модели бокового и пространственного движения. Тестовым маневром является полная циркуляция судна на тихой воде и волнении различной балльности. В качестве опорного результата принимается картина движения, доставляемая пространственной моделью, как наиболее отвечающая условиям реального плавания. В результате тестирования 6 судов различных классов установлено, что соотношение между результатами прогнозирования поворотливости посредством моделей различной размерности существенно зависит от гидродинамических характеристик объекта исследования.

The paper considers the influence of the dimension of the mathematical model of the ship's motion on the motion parameters characterizing its controllability, which include the heading angle, angular yaw rate, longitudinal and lateral displacement. This influence is determined by simulating the movement of the vessel using a mathematical model of plane movement in the plane of the undisturbed water surface, a model of lateral and spatial movement. The test maneuver this is the full circulation of the vessel in smooth water and on the varying conditions wave. The picture of movement, delivered by the spatial model, is taken as a reference result, as the most measure up for the conditions of real swimming. As a result of testing 6 vessels of various classes, it was found that the relationship between the results of predicting turnability by means of models of different dimensions significantly depends on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the research object.
[Sex Education in Islam] Al-Tarbiyah al-Jinsiyyah fi al-Islam
Authors: Al-Hussin Ahmad Dia' Addin
Published: March 2021

This study aims at reocgnizing the sexual education in light of islam through showing its role in not rolling this rital side correctly , and knewing the targets , features, importance and jurisprudence evidences , it also displays the role of edvcational corportions in bringing up the young muslims at different  stages  .The  researcher  most  important  results  are  :1-  sexual education in islam must grant muslims in different ages with necessary imformation to deal with in islamic principles and limitations frame and in accordance to moral and social values of community.2- sexual education is an  important  part  in  preparing  the  young  muslim  and  developing  his personality.

 

يتضمن هذا البحث تعريف مفهوم التربية الجنسية وأهدافها وخصائصها وأهميتها من منظور إسلامي، وإبراز دور الأسرة التربوي في تنشئة النشء المسلم وتزويده بمبادئ التربية الجنسية وفق مراحل نموه، كما تضمن البحث بيان الضوابط الشرعية للتربية الجنسية.وتوصل البحث إلى أن التربية الجنسية في الإسلام هي تلك التربية التي تمد الفرد المسلم وفق مراحل نموه الجنسي والعقلي بالمعلومات اللازمة لكيفية التعامل مع القضايا المتعلقة بالغريزة الجنسية في إطار المبادئ والضوابط التربوية الإسلامية، وان التربية الجنسية جزء مهم من عملية إعداد النشء المسلم وتنمية شخصيته.

 

الكلمات المفتاحية:الجنس، التربية الجنسية
Al-Asha‘irah: Faktor Perkembangan dan Metodologi Argumentasinya [Al-Asha'irah: Developmental Factors and Methodology of Argument]
Authors: Mat Idris Mohd Faiz Hakimi bin , Suliaman Ishak bin , Salleh Ahmad Zahid bin , Yusof Sofyuddin bin , Abdul Wahab Abdillah Hisham bin , Mohd Razali Mohd A’Tarahim bin
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to trace the history of how al-Asha‘irah emerged, factors that contributed to its development, prominent figures in this stream, and the stream’s method of proving with dalil (reasoning based on analogy). This stream was founded by ‘Ali Ibn Isma‘il Ibn Ishaq Ibn Salim Ibn Isma‘il Ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Musa Ibn Bilal Ibn Abi Burdah Ibn Abi Musa al-Ash‘ari. The stream employed two methods of proving with dalil. They referred to naqli dalil, which refers to the Quran and hadith, and they employed sensible dalil to strenghten the reasoning obtained from the Quran and hadith.

 

Keywords: Al- Asha‘irah, methodology, school of thought.

 

Artikel ini bertujuan melakukan sorotan tentang sejarah kemunculan aliran al-Asha‘irah, faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada perkembangannya, tokoh-tokoh aliran ini serta metodologi pendalilannya. Aliran ini diasaskan oleh ‘Ali Ibn Isma‘il Ibn Ishaq Ibn Salim Ibn Isma‘il Ibn ‘Abd Allah Ibn Musa Ibn Bilal Ibn Abi Burdah Ibn Abi Musa al-Ash‘ari. Aliran ini menggunakan dua metodologi pendalilan iaitu dalil naqli dengan merujuk kepada al-Qur’an dan hadith, dan penggunaan dalil akal bagi memperkuatkan pendalilan yang diambil dari al-Qur’an dan hadit.

 

Kata kunci: Al- Asha‘irah, metodologi, aliran pemikiran, argumentasi
[The New Media Challenge as a Religious Learning Medium and Solution from The Islamic Perspective] Cabaran Media Baru Sebagai Medium Pembelajaran Agama dan Penyelesaian dari Persektif Islam
Authors: Adam Fadzli , Ali Ab Hamid , Mohamed Anuar Marhana , Tajuddin Engku Ali Engku Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) awareness campaign has been launched by the then Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamed on October 11, 1997 aims to ensure that all Malaysians can take advantage of its technology. As a result, ICT is now extensively applied in various fields of life. This article aims to examine the issue of the use of new media as a medium of religious learning and the proposed solution due to problems from its use in accordance with Islamic perspective. Current developments indicate that ICT users are increasingly close to new media and its use has been stretched to the debate on religion and its need in daily life. However, new media has pros and cons effect on its users especially in terms of its content, resources and several other features as social media. Hence, the use of social media to spread religios information and various activities in the process of transforming online dakwah from users’ view and its solution from Islamic perspective will be discussed in more detail in this paper. The results of this study can serve as a basic guide by the Muslim missionaries and communities in receiving and using online information as a medium of religious teaching and learning.

 

Keywords: New media; Islamic shariah; Dakwah; religious teaching and learning; Internet
[Student Acceptance of Course Curriculum Implementation of Islamic Basic Principles (Ctu 101) at Uitm] Penerimaan Pelajar Terhadap Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Kursus Prinsip-Prinsip Asas Islam (Ctu 101) di Uitm
Authors: Abu Bakar Rubiah , Mohamad Abdul Manam
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the acceptance of students towards the implementation of the Basic Principles of Islam (CTU 101) course curriculum which is one of the Islamic Study Courses in UiTM (MARA Institute of Technology). The focus of this study is to investigate the level and relationship between students’ acceptance in terms of content, teaching and evaluation. This survey study involved 300 students who were randomly chosen and a set of questionnaires was utilized as the instrument of study. A pilot study was conducted among 30 students to determine the reliability of instrument used by using Alpha Cronbach with value 0.960, and value 0.964. A set of questionnaire consists of part A (demography background of participants) and part B, C, D and E (questions of variables) was used to collect data for this study. Data were analyzed by using Software SPSS version 17.0 (Statistic Packages For Sosial Science) and reported by using of descriptive statistics of min, percentage and median, and also by making inferences to analyzed the relationship among the variables. The findings of study show that participants positively accepted CTU 101 course with content min average of content 4.1733 (high), teaching 4.0693 (high) and evaluation 3.9996 (high). Besides that, correlation Pearson analysis was used to analyzed the relationship among the variables and for this study, it was found that significant relationship between the acceptance of participants with the content, teaching and evaluation aspect of CTU 101 course.  The high score of each aspect or variable and the significant relationships show that students positively accepted the course. However, a few aspects of the course should be given attention and a few improvements should be done in order to give students good perception towards Islamic Study Course.

 

Keyword: Acceptance, student, Basic Principle of Islam (CTU 101).
The Wearing of Dastar in Sikhism and Its Relation With the Amrit Sanskar Ceremony
Authors: Md Zain Aman Daima Bin , Awang Jaffary Bin , Syed Omar Syed Mohd Hafiz Bin
Published: March 2021

In the religion of Sikh, wearing the turban or the dastar is a religious practice that is a symbolic proof of their faith to the Sikh Guru’s teachings and their holy book.  The dastar carries its own distinguished characteristics in terms of the way it is worn, its measurements and colours. It completes the Sikh dresscode or uniform, known as Panch Kekaar or the 5Ks, that is an integral part of their identity.  Nevertheless, not all Sikh followers wear the dastar. This depends on individual’s willingness to undergo a baptism ritual,  known as the amrit sanskar. The dastar-wearing Sikhs who have requested for amrit are called amrit-dhari; they are true Sikh followers who adhere to the teachings of their Sikh teachers. One of the objectives of this study is to provide information to the multi-racial society in Malaysia,  especially the Muslim society, concerning the wearing of dastar in Sikhism and its relation with baptism.   Through this information, it is hoped that a society that is tolerance and have mutual respect for each other, irrespective of race and religion, as aspired by the concept of  1Malaysia, is borne. In this study, the textual analysis method is adopted to retrieve information on the dastar and the amrit sanskar ritual. In addition, various references in relation to the Sikh religion were also made.   Keywords:  Dastar, Sikhism, amrit sanskar, panch kekaar
[Influence Of Women In Th Establishment] Pengaruh Wanita Dalam Penentuan Hukum Syarak
Authors: Salleh Siti Fatimah Binti
Published: March 2021

The influence of women in the establishment of Shariah law covering aspects of ability, qualifications, ability, determination,contribution and others which represent that women also played a role in the implementation of Islamic law. Shariah in its universal and flexible nature does not marginalize women in making or evaluating of the law. The objective of this paper is to discuss the influence of women in the establishment of Islamic law. The methodology used is based on the classical book of turath and contemporary Islamic studies covering fiqh, hadith and tafsir. The findings of the study show that women do have a role in the determination of Islamic law since in the past until the modern days.

 

Keywords: women, the influence of women, women and law, the determination of legislation.
[The Relevance of Fatwa on Zakat Distribution as a Social Assurance System for Muslim Communities in Terengganu] Kerelevanan Fatwa Mengenai Pengagihan Zakat Sebagai Suatu Sistem Jaminan Sosial Masyarakat Islam di Terengganu
Authors: Wan Hassan WanZulkifli , Kasmo Mohd Arip , Muslim Nazri , Alias Jamsari , Umar Azizi , Abdullah Nabilah
Published: March 2021

The zakat institution plays an important role in preaching the rules of conducts and doctrines based on syari’ah for Muslim community lives. Among others, the zakat institution plays a vital role in explaining the community on the zakat management system. This is due to the fact that zakat, when managed wisely will help to eradicate poverty in the Muslim community. Current practise in Terengganu shows that there are a number of illegitimate ‘amil (zakat collectors) whom are not appointed by the government. Thus, this paper emphasises on the relevancy of fatwa in making the payment and management of zakat becomes much more sustainable, and thus making it more justifiable, and beneficial to the social stability among Muslims in Terengganu. The research found out that the fatwa given by the office of the mufti and his committees is very much relevant with the need of the community, which is, that the zakat (almsgiving) properties need to be managed efficiently and distributed equally to the target groups so that the sustainable of the social welfare in Terengganu is well taken care of.

 

Keywords: relevancy, fatwa, zakat distribution, social justifying system, community, Terengganu.

 

 

Institusi fatwa memainkan peranan yang penting dalam penyebaran maklumat hukum kepada masyarakat Islam agar kehidupan mereka berlandaskan syariah. Antara usaha yang dimainkan oleh institusi fatwa di Terengganu adalah menjelaskan kepada masyarakat berhubung pengurusan sistem pengurusan zakat. Ini kerana zakat merupakan salah satu kaedah yang boleh menyelesaikan bebanan kemiskinan yang melanda masyarakat Islam. Dalam situasi yang ada di Terengganu, pengurusan pembayaran dan agihan zakat ini bukan sahaja dilakukan oleh pihak pemerintah, bahkan terdapat juga segelintir masyarakat yang bertindak seolah-olah sebagai amil meskipun tidak dilantik oleh pihak pemerintah. Justeru artikel ini menumpukan kepada kerelevanan fatwa dalam melestarikan pengurusan pengagihan zakat agar ia dapat diagihkan kepada golongan yang benar-benar memerlukannya sekaligus dapat mewujudkan satu sistem jaminan sosial dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam di Terengganu. Kajian mendapati, fatwa yang dikemukakan oleh mufti dan jawatankuasa fatwa relevan dengan keperluan masyarakat agar harta zakat diurus dengan lebih efisyen dan tersusun serta dapat diagihkan kepada kumpulan sasar sekaligus dapat menjamin kelestarian sistem sosial masyarakat Islam di Terengganu.

 

Kata kunci: Kerelevanan, Fatwa, Pengagihan zakat, Jaminan Sosial, Masyarakat, Terengganu
[A Reassessment of The Al-Darurah Concept in Current Islamic Finance] Satu Penilaian Semula Konsep al-Darurah Dalam Kewangan Islam Semasa
Authors: Abdul Aziz Sumayyah , Ahmad Ridzwan
Published: March 2021

The concept of al-darurah is a subject that has to be empowered and to be explored by students and scholars of Islamic studies. Al-darurah in Islamic finance is a concept that expend the theory of darurah from fiqh perspective and covered it from the perspective of darurah usuliyah as well. In Islamic finance, they applied the darurah concept such as in Tawarruq Munazam based products. Tawaruq Munazam has been ruled as not permissible by The International Council of Fiqh Academy of OIC in 2009 however it has been applied in Islamic banking in Malaysia based on the essential requirement in the current practise through Islamic products. Hence, a comprehensive and dynamic assement towards that application need to be applied to ensure that the application of darurah in Islamic finance not only align with the real concept of al-darurah but also meet the methodology of Islamic jurisprudence according to Maqasid  al-Shariah. This article aimed to explain the concept of darurah in Islam in addition to describe the application of methodology of jurisprudence in Islamic finance to ensure the product of Islamic banking is attain the micro economies perspective. The method that has been applied is inductive, deductive and comparative. The finding of this article affirm that the concept of darurah has not yet been explored widely and be applied in the context of methodology of Islamic finance according to Maqasid  al-Kulliyah in order to attain the substance meaning of syariah.

 

Keywords: Darurah, Islamic Finance, Mikro, Maqasid, Methodology

 

Persoalan darurah  secara ilmiah merupakan satu subjek yang penting untuk dikuasai dan diterokai oleh penuntut, pendakwah dan sarjana ilmu Islam. Al-darurah  kewangan Islam semasa ialah konsep yang menjangkaui al-darurah  fiqhi malah merangkumi al-darurah  usuliyah. Kewangan Islam menggunakan konsep al-darurah  dalam aplikasi kewangan seperti Tawaruq Munazam. Tawarruq Munazam telah difatwakan haram oleh OIC pada tahun 2009 namun telah diaplikasikan di Malaysia berhujahkan keperluan semasa. Maka satu penilaian semula yang menyeluruh dan dinamik perlu dilakukan bagi memastikan pemakaian darurah  dalam kewangan Islam menepati bukan sahaja konsep al-darurah  sebenar tetapi metodologi hukum yang dinamik. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep al- darurah  dalam Islam seterusnya menghuraikan pemakaian metodologi hukum dalam kewangan Islam semasa bagi memastikan produk kewangan Islam menepati ciri mikro ekonomi Islam. Metod yang digunakan ialah metod induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Dapatan mendapati konsep darurah  masih belum diterokai dan diaplikasi dalam konteks metodologi kewangan Islam menurut Maqasid Kulliyah bagi memenuhi subtansi syariah sebenar.

 

Kata Kunci: Darurah , Semasa, Kewangan Islam, Mikro, Maqasid, Metodologi Hukum
[Analysis of Pro-Life Conflicts and Pro-Choice Therapeutic Abortion Issues in Terms of Keeping Lives According to The Quran] Analisis Konflik Pro-Life dan Pro-Choice Isu Pengguguran Terapeutik dari Aspek Menjaga Nyawa Menurut Al-Quran
Authors: Ismail Siti Khatijah Ismail Binyi , Ahmad Ridzwan Ahmad Bin
Published: March 2021

Therapeutic abortion is the termination of pregnancy procedures based on medical justification. There are two schools of opinion concerning to the issue of abortion. The first group confirmed that this procedure is done with a reason to save the mother's life or known as a pro-life group. The second group emphasized on the right of a woman to choose whether to continue with the pregnancy or not, known as pro-choice. Consequently, a 'priority conflict' arises between them. Thus, this article aims to analyze this conflict in accordance with the concept of preservation of life as found in verse 12 of Surat al-Hashr and verse 31 of Surat al-Isra '. Through an analysis of the work of scholars in the field of jurisprudence and medicine, interviews with the experts in the field of obstetrics and interpretation of these two verses in view of the maslahah (benefit) and mafsadah (harm),it is found that pro-life is a priority that needs to be preserved where the maslahah to protect lives is given due consideration.

Keywords: the Quran, preservation of life, Therapeutic abortion, pro-life, pro-choice

 

Penguguran teraputik merupakan satu prosedur penamatan kehamilan berdasarkan justifikasi perubatan. Terdapat dua aliran pandangan apabila isu pengguguran dibincangkan. Golongan pertama membenarkan prosedur ini dilakukan dengan alasan untuk menyelamatkan nyawa ibu yang dikenali sebagai golongan yang pro-life. Golongan kedua pula mengutamakan hak seorang ibu untuk membuat pilihan sama ada ingin meneruskan kehamilan ataupun tidak yang dikenali sebagai pro-choice. Sehubungan dengan itu timbul konflik keutamaan di antara keduanya. Maka, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis konflik ini mengikut konsep menjaga nyawa sebagaimana yang terdapat di dalam ayat 12 surah al-Mumtahanah dan ayat 31 surah al-Isra’. Melalui analisis terhadap karya sarjana dalam bidang fiqh dan perubatan, temu bual bersama pakar dalam bidang obstetrik serta tafsiran kedua-dua ayat ini dan aspek maslahah dan mafsadah menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan pro-life merupakan suatu keutamaan yang perlu dipelihara  kerana lebih mengambil kira maslahah menjaga nyawa.

Kata kunci: Al-Quran, menjaga nyawa, Pengguguran Terapeutik, pro-life, pro-choice.
[Interaction Factors with Al-Quran in The Appreciation Process of Students’ Religious Lives in Ukm ] Faktor Interaksi dengan al-Quran dalam Proses Penghayatan Kehidupan Beragama Pelajar-Pelajar UKM
Authors: Kasan Hasnan , Mustafa Mohd Fadzhil , Haimi Siti Sarah , Faruk Umar
Published: March 2021

Al-Quran has elements of therapy to offer peace in daily life. Furthermore, the miracle of al-Quran via its sacred verses is able to treat the physical and spiritual illness. This miracle was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad as the Muslim holy book that is much different than any other books. However, the main concern to various parties, particularly among the students, is the neglect of interaction with al-Quran intensively. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the level of the UKM students’ internalization towards al-Quran and the differences among them in interacting with al-Quran. This study applied quantitative method and the findings were presented descriptively based on frequency and t-test analyses. The study concluded that the interaction between sub-factors believe and practice showed high mean score, while the mean scores of the other six sub-factors of interaction with al-Quran were found to tend to be higher. Further, the t-test showed a significant difference between genders in terms of interaction with al-Quran.

Key Words: Miracle of al-Qur'an, interaction with al-Quran, internalization, religious life.

 

Al-Quran sebenarnya mempunyai unsur terapi bagi mendapatkan ketenangan dalam kehidupan seharian. Malah mukjizat al-Quran melalui ayat-ayat sucinya mampu merawat penyakit-penyakit zahir dan batin. Mukjizat ini telah diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai kitab suci umat Islam yang jauh berbeza dengan kitab-kitab lain. Namun, kenyataan yang sering membimbangkan banyak pihak khususnya terhadap para pelajar ialah pengabaian daripada sudut interaksi dengan al-Quran secara intensif. Justeru, kajian ini berusaha menjelaskan sejauh mana penghayatan para pelajar lelaki dan perempuan di UKM serta perbezaan di antara mereka dalam interaksi dengan al-Quran. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan dapatan dipersembahkan secara deskriptif berasaskan ujian frekuensi dan ujian-t. Hasil kajian merumuskan bahawa sub faktor interaksi beriman dan mengamalkan menunjukkan nilai skor min yang tinggi, manakala enam sub faktor daripada interaksi dengan al-Quran berada pada skor min cenderung tinggi. Seterusnya, keputusan ujian-t menunjukkan perbezaan interaksi dengan al-Quran yang signifikan antara pelajar lelaki dan pelajar perempuan.

 

Kata kunci: Mukjizat al-Quran, interaksi dengan al-Quran, penghayatan, kehidupan beragama.
[Agriculture Land Development Policy According to Islamic Perspective] Dasar Pembangunan Tanah Pertanian Menurut Perspektif Islam
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Borhanuddin , Mohd Nor Amir Husin , Mohamed Said Noor Lizza , Ahmad Md. Yazid , Hasan Juairiah
Published: March 2021

National Agricultural Policy (DPN 1, 1984-1991, 1992-1997 DPN 2, 3 DPN 1998-2010), and the National Agro-Food Policy (DAN 2011-2020) was a transformation of the government to improve the country’s food quality. Various plans have been made through DPN and DAN. However, there are shortcomings in the DPN implemented with the aim of economic development alone. This study aims to put certain mechanisms for the development of the agricultural sector in line with the teachings of Islam which includes holistic human development. The research methodology used in this study is content analysis, analysing data using descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative approach of analyzing the text, including the analysis of documents and official reports, circulars, annual reports, statements of position, financial plan, reports agencies, and transcripts. The study found that the basic development of Islamic farmland is based on the concept of tauhidiyyah, rububiyyah, tazkiyyah, tanmiyyah, khilafah, insaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah which applies Islamic spiritual values including the preservation of the environment and the securities development.

 

Key Words: National Agricultural Policy (DPN), Development of Agricultural Land, Land Development Concept in Islam.

 

 

Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN 1 1984-1991, DPN 2 1992-1997, DPN 3 1998-2010), dan Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN 2011-2020) merupakan satu transformasi kerajaan bagi meningkatkan kualiti makanan negara. Pelbagai perancangan khusus telah dibuat melalui DPN dan DAN. Namun terdapat kepincangan dalam DPN yang dilaksanakan dengan tujuan pembangunan ekonomi semata-mata. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meletakkan mekanisma tertentu agar pembangunan sektor pertanian selari dengan tuntutan Islam yang  merangkumi pembangunan insan secara syumul. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian analisis kandungan, data-data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis melalui pendekatan deskriptif dengan gabungan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks termasuk menganalisis dokumen-dokumen dan laporan-laporan rasmi,surat pekeliling, laporan tahunan,laporan jabatan, rancangan kewangan, laporan agensi,dan transkrip. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa dasar pembangunan tanah pertanian Islam berteraskan konsep tauhidiyyah, rububiyyah, tazkiyyah, tanmiyyah, khilafah, insaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah yang menerapkan nilai-nilai kerohanian Islam termasuk pelestarian alam sekitar dan sekuriti pembangunan.

 

Kata kunci: Dasar Pertanian Negara (DPN), Pembangunan Tanah Pertanian, Konsep Pembangunan Tanah Islam.
A Poetic Interpretation Of The Intellect: A Translation From Yusuf Nabahani’s Majmu’ Thalathah Kutub
Authors: Olodo al-Shafi’i Mohammed Muneer’deen , Ali Mohd Safri
Published: March 2021

The main focus of this paper is 'the intellect' and 'the poetic interpretation' found in Nabahani's Majmu’ thalathah kutub'. In other words, this paper is an explanation of the intellection, its functions, and veracity from the view of Nabahani. The paper shows some comparison between the concept of the intellect (al-‘Aql) in Islam and other religions, precisely Christianity. While the paper has Nabahani's opinion in focus, it has not claimed to have represented everything he has said concerning the intellect and it has not limited the views expressed herein to him alone. This paper is purposely focused on presenting the poetic interpretation as projected by al-Nabahani himself; the poetic interpretational analysis and commentation are beyond this paper and would be submitted in the major study of the concept of the intellect. Keywords: Poetic, Intellect, Yusuf Nabahani, Majmu’ Thalathah kutub
[Mad Far’i Theory from The Qiraat Knowledge Perspective] Teori Hukum Mad Far’i dari Perspektif Ilmu Qiraat
Authors: Abd Hamid Felza Zulhibri , Yusof Nor Hafizi
Published: March 2021

The theory of mad far’i was created by qurra´ to ensure the lengthenings of any mad are within the guides outlined in mutawatirah readings. However, there is still confusion in terms of the genuine theory of mad far’i among the Muslim community, especially in Malaysia. It is due to the limitation of knowledge that based only on the reading of Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi, whereas the knowledge includes the overall ikhtiyar of the mutawatirah imams. Therefore, this study aims to explore the genuine theory of mad far’i based on the overall ikhtiyar of the mutawatirah imams. It also targets to reveal that the knowledge of tajwid should also be based on the knowledge of qiraat. This descriptive study discusses the views of qurra´ with regard to mad far’i and its conclusion that leads to the outcome of the rules. All data are analysed using inductive and deductive approaches. The findings reveal that the understanding of the theory of mad far’i needs a comprehensive knowledge on the ikhtiyar of the mutawatirah imams on the lengthenings of mad far’i. If the theory of mad far’i is only based on the reading of Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi, it especially limits the overall knowledge of the reading itself and generally the overall various mutawatirah readings.

Abstract: Mad Far’i, Qiraat, Mutawatirah, al-Quran, Knowledge of Tajwid

 

Teori hukum mad far’i adalah satu kaedah yang dicipta oleh para qurra’ dalam memastikan kadar pemanjangan sesuatu mad itu tidak terkeluar daripada apa yang telah diputuskan oleh para qurra sebagai bacaan yang mutawatirah. Namun begitu berlaku kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam khususnya di Malaysia tentang kefahaman yang sebenar berkaitan dengan teori hukum mad far’i. Hal ini demikian kefahaman terhadap teori tersebut hanya bergantung kepada kefahaman riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi sahaja sedangkan kefahaman yang sebenarnya perlu meliputi keseluruhan ikhtiyar imam yang mutawatirah. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap kefahaman yang tepat mengenai teori hukum mad far’i berdasarkan ikhtiyar kesemua imam yang mutawatirah. Ia juga bertujuan memperlihatkan secara umum bahawasanya kefahaman tentang ilmu tajwid itu perlu selari dengan kefahaman ilmu qiraat. Kajian berbentuk diskriptif ini membahaskan pandangan para qurra berkaitan hukum mad far’i serta kesimpulannya yang menatijahkan teori hukum tersebut. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif dan deduktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kefahaman sebenar tentang teori mad far’i memerlukan kefahaman yang menyeluruh terhadap ikhtiyar para imam yang mutawatirah terhadap pemanjangan mad far’i itu sendiri.  Jikalau teori ini hanya disandarkan kepada pemanjangan mad far’i berdasarkan riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi sahaja, ia akan membantutkan kefahaman yang sebenar tentang ruang lingkup riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi khasnya dan kesemua bacaan al-Qur’an yang mutawatirah amnya.

 

Kata kunci: Mad Far’i, Qiraat, Mutawatirah, al-Quran, Ilmu Tajwid
[Drug Addiction Among Female Drug Addicts at Puspen Bachok, Kelantan: A Pilot Study on Appreciation of Aqidah] Ketagihan Dadah di kalangan Penagih Dadah Wanita di Puspen Bachok, Kelantan: Kajian Rintis Mengenai Penghayatan Aqidah
Authors: Ali Mohd Safri , Mohd Yahya Siti Roslinda
Published: March 2021

According to the National Anti-Drugs Agency (NADA), the number of female drug addicts has been decreasing in the period of 2009 to 2013. The highest amount was recorded in 2010 with 580 female drug addicts. There are nowadays a lot of issues of drug addiction among women in the newspaper and also other sources of media such as the internet or television. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted to identify the appreciation of Aqidah among female drug addicts in Narcotics Addiction Rehabilitation Centre (PUSPEN) Bachok, Kelantan. By using quantitative methods, this study focused on 30 Muslim drug addicts from PUSPEN as respondents. Data was collected by using a set of questionnaire and analyzed with a 'Statistical Program for Social Sciences’ (SPSS) software Version 21.0 for windows to see the percentage, frequency and mean. This study found out that the overall score of the mean for appreciation of Aqidah from the point of understanding, feeling and practice, were in the high rate of 4.00 to 5.00.

Keywords: Female Drug Addicts, PUSPEN, Appreciation of Aqidah 

 

Menurut laporan Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK), jumlah penagih dadah wanita semakin menurun dalam tempoh 2009 hingga 2013. Jumlah tertinggi dicatatkan pada tahun 2010 dengan 580 orang penagih wanita. Isu dan masalah ketagihan dadah dalam kalangan wanita seringkali mendapat perhatian dalam keratan akhbar dan media massa. Kajian rintis ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti penghayatan akidah dalam kalangan penagih dadah wanita di Pusat Pemulihan Penagihan Narkotik (PUSPEN) Bachok, Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif. Responden terdiri daripada 30 orang penagih dadah wanita PUSPEN yang beragama Islam. Data dikumpul menggunakan kaedah soal selidik dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian„Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 for windows untuk melihat peratus, kekerapan dan min. Kajian ini mendapati keseluruhan min skor penghayatan akidah dari sudut kefahaman, perasaan dan amalan adalah tinggi iaitu 4.00 hingga 5.00.

Kata kunci: Penagih Dadah Wanita, PUSPEN, Penghayatan Akidah
[Young Marriage and The Impact of Social Changes on It] Zauj al-Sighar wa asaru at-Taighirat al-Ijtima'iyyah alaihi
Authors: Ali Dhamah Khalid Ali , Ibrahim Basri , Muhammed AbdelGhelil Muhammad Fathy
Published: March 2021

Marriage is an important stage in human life because it has a direct influence on the individual, family and society. Therefore, the age of marriage is of great importance. The purpose of this article is to reveal the most significant negative and positive influences of early marriage, and highlight the notion of social changes in relation to early marriage through knowledge of the age of marriage, taking into account the conditions of contemporary life. The researcher focused on the knowledge of early marriage and its negative and positive influences. In this article, the researcher adopted inductive and deductive methods. Among the most important findings of this study is that the Islamic law paid great attention to marriage in order to protect youth from any deviation and to protect societies from corruption. Marriage is a life contract that has been considered to be influenced with time, perhaps due to money despotism, loss of values, and intentions. Early marriage pays a significant role in social changes, both negatively and positively.Keywords: marriage, youths, social changes.

 

 

يعتبر الزواج من المراحل المهمة في حياة الإنسان لما يترتب عليه من آثار لها تأثير مباشر على الفرد والأسرة والمجتمع, ولهذا فإن سن الزواج له أهمية كبرى, والهدف من هذا المقال الكشف عن أهم الآثار التي يتركها زواج الصغار سلباً وإيجاباً, ويأتي هذا البحث ليسلّط الضوء على مسألة أثر تلك التغيّرات الاجتماعية التي تنتج بعد زواج الصغار من خلال معرفة سن الزواج مع مراعاة ظروف الحياة المعاصرة, وقد ركز الباحث على معرفة زواج الصغار, والآثار المترتبة عليه سلباً أو إيجاباً, وقد اعتمد الباحث في هذ المقال على المنهج الاستقرائي الاستدلالي, ومن أهم نتائج هذا البحث أن الشريعة الإسلامية اهتمت بأمر الزواج اهتماما بليغاً, وذلك حرصاً منه على الشباب من أي انحراف وحفاظاً على المجتمعات من أي فساد ، فهو في نظرها عقد حياة تترتب عليه آثار باقية بقاء الزمن, وتتأكد هذه الدعوة في عصرنا الحاضر نظراً إلى طغيان المال وضعف القيم والمعاني السامية في النفوس. وأن زواج الصغار له أثر ودور كبير في التغيرات الاجتماعية سلباً وإيجاباً..

 

الكلمات المفتاحية: الزواج, الصغار, التغيرات الاجتماعية.
[The Position of Non Muslim Candidates and Women in The Election System in Malaysia: A Study of The Comparison] Kedudukan Calon Non Muslim dan Wanita dalam Sistem Pilihan Raya di Malaysia: Kajian Terhadap Perbandingan antara Perundangan dan Fiqh Siyasah.
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Ridzuan , Ibrahim Basri , Moktar Mohd Sufian
Published: March 2021

Election is an important mechanism for one country to choose leaders in a safe and harmonious way. The position of non-Muslim candidates and women is enshrined in the Federal Constitution. The involvement of non-Muslim candidates is generally prohibited from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah based on the Qur'an (5: 51); and female candidates based on the Qur'an (4:34). The objective of this study was to clarify the position of non-Muslim candidates and women in Fiqh Siyasah which needed to be reviewed from the perspective of the legislative or amendment of the deed according to Islamic values. This study was qualitative that was a library research which involved studies of Turath book and information from field interviews. This study found that the legal status was not in line with the policy of Fiqh Siyāsah under the Federal Constitution Article 47 (b) and the Election Act 1958 (Act 19 Section 13 (1). Therefore, it was a necessary for the Federal Constitution Article 40 (2) 'appointment of a Prime Minister' to be amended to 'appointment of a Muslim Prime Minister' to be consistent with the Federal Constitution of Article 3 which has constituted that Islam is the religion of the federation.

Keywords: Non-Muslim Candidate, Woman Candidate, Fiqh Siyasah, Legislation and Election.

 

Pilihan raya merupakan satu mekanisme penting dalam sesebuah negara bagi memilih pemimpin secara aman dan harmoni. Kedudukan calon non Muslim dan wanita sememangnya termaktub dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Penglibatan calon non Muslim secara umumnya adalah dilarang dari sudut fiqh siyasah berdasarkan al-Qur’an (5: 51) dan calon wanita berdasarkan al-Quran (4:34). Objektif kajian ini bagi menjelaskan kedudukan larangan calon non Muslim dan wanita dalam fiqh siyasah yang perlu diteliti semula dari sudut perundangan atau pindaan akta menurut nilai-nilai Islam. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif iaitu penelitian perpustakaan yang melibatkan kajian kitab turath serta maklumat temu bual di lapangan. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan kedudukan perundangan tidak selari dengan dasar fiqh siyāsah di bawah Perlembagaan Persekutuan Perkara 47 (b) dan Akta Pilihan Raya 1958 (Akta 19 Seksyen 13 (1). Justeru, perlu kepada pindaan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Perkara 40 (2) (a) „melantik seorang Perdana Menteri‟ dipinda kepada „melantik seorang Perdana Menteri yang beragama Islam‟ agar ianya selaras dengan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Perkara 3 yang memperuntukkan bahawa agama Islam adalah agama bagi persekutuan.

Kata kunci: Calon Non Muslim, Calon Wanita, Fiqh Siyasah, Perundangan dan Pilihan Raya.