bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Comunidad de Madrid (Segundo semestre 2019)
Authors: Entrena Ruiz Daniel Bruno
Published: January 2020

Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Comunidad de Madrid (Segundo semestre 2019)
Derecho y Políticas ambientales en Andalucía (Segundo semestre 2019)
Authors: Mora Ruiz Manuela
Published: January 2020

Derecho y Políticas ambientales en Andalucía (Segundo semestre 2019)
La multifuncionalidad y doble titularidad (individual y transindividual) del derecho fundamental al medio ambiente
Authors: Wunder Hachem Daniel , Klein Gussoli Felipe
Published: January 2020

The article aims to challenge the claim that the so-called “third generation” rights always have trans-individual ownership. Using as a basis of argument the characteristic of the multifunctionality of fundamental rights and the concept of “fundamental right as a whole” by Robert Alexy, the study tries to demonstrate that the fundamental right to the environment, depending on its function in the specific case, can be presented as an individual, collective or diffuse legal position, whose judicial enforcement will be given, in each case, differently. For this, the work uses as an example the fundamental right to the environment in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988.
Ciudades, contradicciones y derechos
Authors: De Amorim Albuquerque Luciana
Published: January 2020

Recensión del libro “Cidade Standard e novas vulnerabilidades” organizado por Rosângela Lunardelli Cavallazzi, coordinadora del Laboratório de Direito e Urbanismo(LADU/PROURB/UFRJ) y Gabriela Fauth doctora en Derecho por la Universitat Rovira i Virgili, posdoctora en Urbanismo (PROURB/UFRJ), investigadora del Laboratorio de Derecho y Urbanismo (LADU) e investigadora asociada del CEDAT. La compilación de artículos reúne las investigaciones de auotres brasileños e europeos a través del diálogo entre Derecho y Urbanismo. El resultado, así como señalado en el prefacio, es un "caleidoscopio urbano y normativo" que muestra las diversas caras o aprehensiones de una ciudad que recurre a una lógica financiera y privatista, acentuando las desigualdades.
Jurisprudencia Ambiental del Tribunal Supremo (Segundo semestre 2019)
Authors: Pallares Serrano Ana
Published: January 2020

Jurisprudencia Ambiental del Tribunal Supremo(Segundo semestre 2019)
Los espacios marítimos protegidos en el océano Ártico
Authors: Campins Eritja Mar
Published: January 2020

Aquest treball pretén exposar els èxits i els dèficits de la cooperació internacional a l'Oceà Àrtic en relació a l'establiment de les àrees marines protegides. El primer apartat presenta breument les característiques dels ecosistemes de l'Oceà Àrtic, que els fan particularment vulnerables y que  actualment es troben sota una tensió molt important a causa dels efectes del fenomen del canvi climàtic. El segon apartat d'aquest treball aborda l'anàlisi del marc jurídic internacional global aplicable als espais marins protegits a l'Oceà Àrtic, que per ara és el que ofereix el Conveni de Nacions Unides sobre el Dret del Mar. Seguidament, el tercer apartat es centra en l'estudi de l'abast dels instruments jurídic internacionals de caràcter sectorial que promouen la designació d’àrees marines protegides així com la seva adequació a les característiques d'aquest espai polar. El seu estudi es planteja des de la triple perspectiva de la protecció internacional del medi ambient, la regulació de les pesqueries i la navegació marítima. El quart apartat, des d’un enfoc regional, es dedica a l'examen del treball realitzat en el marc del Consell Àrtic, principalment a través del Grup de Treball per a la Conservació de la Flora i la Fauna de l'Àrtic i el Grup de Treball per a la Protecció del Medi Marí de l'Àrtic. Finalment, el treball conclou amb unes de consideracions finals.
Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas más allá del 2020
Authors: Fajardo del Castillo Teresa
Published: January 2020

Marine Protected Areas beyond 2020
Jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de protección del medio ambiente (segundo semestre 2019)
Authors: Jaria-Manzano Jordi
Published: January 2020

Jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de protección del medio ambiente (segundo semestre 2019)
Why scientific practices are not included in Science lessons? What does it go unnoticed for teachers
Authors: Jiménez-Liso M Rut , Amat González Ana , Martínez-Chico María , Vilchez Gonzalez Jose Miguel , López-Gay Lucio-Villegas Rafael
Published: January 2020

Despite the importance that research gives to including scientific practices in science education, it reports a lack of effectiveness of the approaches adopted in science classrooms. The efforts made in promoting inquiry-based learning seem not to have been very successful, taking into consideration the current dissatisfaction with the inadequate interpretation of these approaches.This paper attempts to address the issue of the lack of proper scientific practices as shown in the results of a range of research projects and their implications for teacher training, by addressing the following issues: Reasons why the scientific practices are not included in science lessons; the purposes or advantages served by the use of scientific teaching practices in classrooms and how they influence the instruction; the importance of recognising emotions felt in science classrooms; and how to reach competent science teachers who know, not only how to introduce scientific practices properly in their instruction, but who also understand why such practices are necessary in relation to the epistemic knowledge.With the aim of making future teachers aware of the scientific practices advantages, we propose to promote the opportunity of experiencing the implementation of Model-Based Inquiry sequences with SENSe, SENSors, and SENSations, in their classes with their own students.
Uso de TIC en la Universidad del País Vasco – Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Experiencia de un grupo especializado en innovación educativa
Authors: Ortuzar Iragorri Maria Arritokieta , Menéndez Ruiz Amaia , Iriondo Hernáez Aitziber , De Luis Álvarez Ana , De Blas Martín Maite , Caballero Iglesias Blanca María
Published: January 2020

El sistema educativo ha de proveer formación en el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) para el desarrollo personal y profesional de la ciudadanía. Para ello, también es necesaria la formación del propio profesorado; que en la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) ofrece el servicio de asesoramiento educativo. Mediante el análisis de las memorias anuales disponibles elaboradas por el citado servicio, se observa que desde el año 2013 se han ofertado de media unos 60 cursos al año y que de ellos el 18% estaban relacionados con las TIC. Así, se han otorgado unas 967 acreditaciones anuales, de las cuales una cuarta parte corresponden a cursos relacionados con las TIC.Las autoras del presente artículo conforman un grupo especializado en innovación educativa y han participado en diferentes actividades relacionadas con las TIC. Han asistido a diferentes cursos y han colaborado en 5 proyectos de innovación educativa. Mediante el trabajo realizado por el grupo se concluye que las TIC pueden aplicarse a cualquier curso y modalidad docente y que los estudiantes valoran positivamente la utilildad de las actividades interactivas desarrolladas, principalmente para su proceso de autoevaluación. Por ello, la perspectiva futura es la de seguir avanzado en el desarrollo e implementación de nuevas herramientas dinamizadoras que sirvan de apoyo al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las etapas de asimilación de conceptos, revisión y evaluación.
Concepciones de los docentes sobre el tratamiento de las competencias a traves de los videojuegos en el aula de ciencias
Authors: Lorca Marín Antonio Alejandro , Cuenca López José María , Vázquez Bernal Bartolomé , Delgado Algarra Emilio José
Published: January 2020

La entrada de las TIC en general en el mundo académico es ya una realidad, el número de investigaciones, actividades divulgadas por los distintos medios tanto formales como no formales así lo demuestran.  Los videojuegos (VJ) en particular juegan un papel importante en muchas de ellas. No obstante, el tratamiento de estos en el aula de ciencias experimentales (CCEE) es más escaso, y los que hay solo pertenecen a aquellas de corte divulgativo. Por tanto, existe una necesidad de profundizar sobre este recurso y en el área de CCEE en particular, con la finalidad de generar modelos de buenas prácticas y su implantación en el aula de ciencias.En este estudio se presenta un estudio sobre las concepciones que tienen los docentes, tanto en formación inicial como en ejercicio, sobre el papel de los VJ en el tratamiento de las competencias y/o contenidos de ciencias.  Se ha abordado bajo un corte cuantitativo dentro de un paradigma interpretativo, vislumbrándose la necesidad de acercarse a la subjetividad que existe en las competencias a través de los indicadores objetivos que nos permiten los contenidos.
Argumentación científica escolar: una propuesta para la defensa del medio ambiente
Authors: Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia , Valenzuela González Adriana , Ballesteros Ballesteros Vladimir
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo presenta algunas perspectivas epistemológicas y teóricas relacionadas con la argumentación científica escolar orientado hacia la resistencia, defensa y conservación del medio ambiente. El documento abordará la perspectiva de enfoque territorial y las ontologías relacionales, y cómo estas se articulan con la lucha que han gestado algunas organizaciones ambientales por la conservación de los recursos medioambientales del municipio de Soacha; finalmente, se expone la necesidad de desarrollar procesos de argumentación científica escolar en los estudiantes de educación básica secundaria en el municipio de Soacha – Colombia.
Efficacy of incomplete metastasectomy in combination with targeted therapy in metastatic kidney cancer patients
Authors: Borisov P. S. , Orlova R. V. , Shkolnik M. I. , Karlov P. A. , Topuzov E. E.
Published: January 2020

Objective. To increase the effectiveness of drug treatment via systemic therapy (ST) in combination with incomplete cytoreductive interventions – incomplete metastasectomy (iME).

Materials and methods. Three centers took part in the study. All 147 patients with mRCC received anticancer drug therapy. Part of them (n = 47) underwent surgery (iME) before or together with anticancer treatment, where iME meant complete metastasis excision within one organ with residual tissue in other organs (research group). Control group (n = 100) included patients who received only systemic antitumor treatment. Primary control point was overall survival (OS), secondary – time to progression.

Results. Median OS in combined treatment group was 32 months, while in control group – 29 months (p = 0.21). When analyzing surgical stage in combined treatment, OS was statistically more significant in patients with iME before ST (n = 20) than in patients with two parallel treatment schemes: 46 and 31 months, respectively (p = 0.007). When analyzing metastases localization, it was found that iME is effective for metastases to distant lymph nodes and adrenal gland. Adrenalectomy (p = 0.03) and lymphadenectomy (p = 0.04) showed higher results than ST: 17 and 15 months versus 6 month, respectively. IME in patients with poor prognosis did not reveal any advantages: median OS reached 7 months, which was significantly inferior to the favorable prognosis group, where median OS was 25 months (p = 0.03).

Conclusion. IME can be used as a part of combined treatment in mRCC patients. It should be considered as the first treatment stage with subsequent ST.
MAPPING OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Dudun T. , Martyniuk V.
Published: January 2020

In this work typical peculiarities of the infectious diseases mapping in the territory of Ukraine are viewed. The main mapping means worth using in the infectious diseases mapping are distinguished. The expediency of different cartographic methods usage was analysed. Essential variants of the infectious diseases mapping in cartographic works are studied. Basic rules of representative the sickness rate of populations indices into conventional signs on the legend of map are exposed. Keywords: mapping, infectious diseases, medical geography, map, cartographic methods, sickness rate indices, conventional signs.
THE FORMING OF WATER FLOW AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF WATER IN THE GUYVA RIVER
Authors: Lozovitskiy P. , Моlоchko А.
Published: January 2020

The fluctuation dynamics of average annual, average monthly and minimum annual discharges of the Guyva River for 1938–2010 years on the Horodkivka, Peski gauging Stations is given. Comparative results of chemical composition and water salinity in the Guyva river are given for the periods of 1967–2015. The article presents the results of environmental assessment of water quality on the criteria of components of the salt content pollution, environmental sanitation indexes and content of specific substances toxic effects. The water pollution index is calculated and the overall assessment of pollution is made by the whole set of indicators. Keywords: fluctuations in water consumption, chemical composition, mineralization, quality assessment, water pollution.
AKADEMİSYENLERİN KADINLARIN ÇALIŞMASINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: KONYA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Toygar Şükrü Anıl , Kırlıoğlu Mehmet , Kara Derya
Published: January 2020

Kadın olmanın, başlı
başına sosyal ve ekonomik hayata katılım söz konusu olduğunda birtakım
güçlükleri de beraberinde getirdiği ifade edilebilir. Günümüzde gelecek
nesillerin yetiştirilmesinde geleneksel olarak önemli bir unsur olarak görülen
kadının, gerek sosyal gerekse ekonomik hayatta hak ettiği yeri henüz elde edemediğini
ifade etmek mümkündür. Kadınlar kendilerine biçilen bu geleneksel rol gereği bir
taraftan içinde bulundukları koşullara uyum sağlamaya ve kadın olmaktan
kaynaklanan bir takım aile rollerini gerçekleştirmeye çalışırken aynı zamanda
iş yaşamında var olabilme mücadelesi vermektedir. Akademisyenlerin de
yaşadıkları toplumun entelektüelleri oldukları düşüncesinden hareketle kadının
çalışmasına yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesinin önem arz ettiği
düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla Konya ilindeki sağlık bilimlerine ait farklı
disiplinlerde faaliyet gösteren akademisyenler araştırmanın evreni olarak
belirlenmiş ve bu doğrultuda akademisyenlerin kadının çalışmasına yönelik
tutumları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.  Veri toplama aracı olarak Kuzgun ve Sevim
(2004) tarafından geliştirilen “Kadının
Çalışmasına Karşı Tutum Ölçeği (KÇKTÖ)” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçekte yer alan
ifadeler, kadının çalışmasına yönelik tutum ile ilgili olarak tek boyut ve 15
maddeden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın
evrenini
Selçuk Üniversitesi’nde farklı fakültelerde çalışan ve farklı unvanlara sahip
akademisyenler oluşturmaktadır.  Örneklem çapını ise 336
akademisyen oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların
"iş
hayatında kadın erkek eşitsizliğini önlemeye yönelik çalışmalar
yeterlidir",
"işsizlik arttığında erkekler kadınlardan daha önce işe
alınmalıdır"
ifadelerine katılım dereceleri arttıkça kadının çalışmasına karşı tutum
puanlarında sırasıyla “3.2”, “4.3” ve “1.6” birimlik
düşüşe sebep olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İlaveten erkek olmanın da kadının
çalışmasına karşı tutum puanlarında “7.0” birimlik düşüşe sebep olduğu araştırmanın
bulguları arasındadır.
MATEMATİK ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖZEL ÖĞRETİM YÖNTEMLERİ DERSİNE YÖNELİK GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İlhan Aziz , Tutak Tayfun , İç Ünal , Ekinci Nurefşan
Published: January 2020

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, matematik öğretmenliği programında öğrenim gören öğretmen
adaylarının Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri (ÖÖY) dersine yönelik görüşlerini ortaya
koymaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak çalışma 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında
Fırat Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Matematik ve Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi Bölümü
Matematik Öğretmenliği programı üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıflarında öğrenim gören
matematik öğretmen adayları üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma 85 (65 Bayan 20
Erkek) matematik öğretmen adayıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma nicel türdedir ve verileri
açık uçlu anket yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler betimsel
analiz tekniği ile analiz edilerek belirli temalar altında gruplandırılmıştır.
Çalışmada elde edilen verilere göre; öğretmen adaylarının ÖÖY dersine ilişkin
ağırlıklı görüşü; öğretmen adayları için bu dersin gerekli olduğu ve bu derste
hedef-kazanımlara uygun yöntem ve tekniklerin kullanılmasının faydalı olacağı
şeklindedir. Öğretmen adayları dersin teorik olarak gerekliliğini ve uygulama
için teorik kısmın ön koşul olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Bazı öğretmen
adaylarına göre ise bu dersin teorik kısmının azaltılması gerekliliği ve sıkıcı
geçtiği ifade edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının dersin uygulama boyutuna ilişkin
görüşleri ise derste öğrenilenleri daha kalıcı hale getirdiği ve dersin daha
etkili ve verimli yürütülmesini sağladığı şeklindedir. Derste materyal
kullanımına ilişkin öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerine bakıldığında, derslerde
materyal kullanımının öğretimi somutlaştırdığı, öğrenmede kalıcılığı sağladığı
görüşünün hakim olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğretmen adayları materyal kullanımının
arttırılması önerisinde de bulunmuşlardır. Öğretmen adayları ÖÖY dersini okutan
öğretim elemanları ile ilgili olarak alanında uzman olan kişiler olmasının
önemli olduğunu ve kendilerini daha fazla geliştirmeleri gerektiğini ifade
etmişlerdir. ÖÖY dersinin ölçme ve değerlendirme alanında ise uygulama
ağırlıklı not ortalamasının dikkate alınması gerektiğini, ayrıca ürün ve sürece
dayalı değerlendirme yapılmasının daha iyi olacağını belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmen
adaylarının büyük bir kısmı, bu dersin öğretmenlik mesleğine önemli katkısı
olduğuna inandıklarını ifade etmişler ve bu dersin öğretmen adaylarına mesleki
tecrübe kazandırdığını söylemişlerdir. Ayrıca bu dersin etkisinin ve
verimliliğinin artırılmasına ilişkin dersin uygulama saatlerinin arttırılması ve
öğretmen adaylarının derste daha aktif rol alması gerektiğini vurgulamışlardır.
Exploring the Effect of Train Design Features on the Boarding and Alighting Time by Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Seriani Sebastian , Fujiyama Taku
Published: January 2020

The objective of this work is to study the effect of design features such as door width, vestibule setback and vertical gap on passengers’ boarding and alighting time (BAT) at metro stations. Simulated experiments were performed at University College London’s Pedestrian Accessibility Movement Environment Laboratory (PAMELA). The mock-up included a hall or entrance to the train and a relevant portion of the platform in front of the doors. Different scenarios were tested based on existing stations. Results were compared to observations at Green Park Station of the London Underground (LU). Results from PAMELA showed that wider doors (1.80 m), larger vestibule setback (800 mm) and smaller vertical gap (50 mm) reduced the average boarding time. However, the average alighting time presented no significant differences due to other phenomenon such as congestion or formation of lines of flow at doors. The observation at LU presented a reduction of the BAT when a small vertical gap (170 mm) was presented. More experiments are needed at PAMELA to test the effect of the design features for different densities and types of passengers.
İzmir bölgesinde mide kanserli olguların göç yerlerine göre değerlendirilmesi: Tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: SERİN Ayfer , VATANSEVER Sezgin
Published: January 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Mide kanseri coğrafi bölgelere göre değişen sıklıkta görülmektedir. Biz bu çalışmada İzmir’e diğer bölgelerden göç edenlerin mide kanseri görülme sıklığını ve özelliklerini araştırdık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemize başvuran ve mide kanseri tanısı alan 20 yaşından büyük hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Patolojisi adenokanser olanlar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yaş, nüfusa kayıtlı oldukları illere ve coğrafi bölgelerine, yerleşim yeri özellikleri kent ve kırsal bölge olarak gruplara ayrıldı. Her bir bölgeden mide kanseri görülmesi Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi kayıtlarına göre İzmir’de bulunma nüfusları ile 100 000 kişiye düşen oranlar hesaplandı. Her bölge için elde edilen oranlar diğer bölgelerle karşılaştırılıp istatistiksel olarak Pearson Korelasyon testi kullanıldı, p <0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edildi. Yaş grupları arasında da 20 yaş ile 80 yaş üstüne dek her 10 yıllık periyotlardaki hasta oranları birbirleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İzmir’e diğer bölgelerden göç edenler arasında mide kanseri görülme sıklığı %0.027 ile Balkan ülkelerinden gelenler ve %0.026 (p=0.001) ile Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinden gelenler arasında görüldü (p=0.001), bu sonuçlar diğer bölgelerin mide kanseri görülme oranları ile karşılaştırıldığında yüksek bulundu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Tüm hastalar arasında 50 yaş üzerinde olanlarda mide kanseri görülmesi 50 yaş altındakine oranla yüksek [50-59 yaş (p=0.012), 60-69 yaş (p=0.012), 70-79 yaş (p=0.001)], erkek cinsiyette (%70) kadınlardan (%30) (p=0.002) daha yüksek oranda ve kentsel alanda (%8.7) yaşayanlarda kırsal alanda yaşayanlara göre (%5.1) (p=0.005) daha yüksek oranda bulundu. Sonuç: İzmir’e diğer bölgelerden göç edenlerde mide kanseri; 50 yaş üzerinde erkeklerde, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinden, Balkan Ülkelerinden gelen kişiler arasında ve kentsel bölgede yaşayanlarda daha yüksek oranlarda saptandı.
Программы научной политики: парадигмальный анализ
Authors: Коннов Владимир
Published: January 2020

В статье предлагается анализ концептуальных истоков научной политики и динамики ее изменений в программных документах, принятых российскими органами исполнительной власти за период с 1996 по2016 гг. Теоретическим базисом для анализа служит методология Т. Куна: акцент делается на таких ее составляющих, как различение парадигм на основе их “несоизмеримости” и выделение “парадигмальных” документов, служащих формированию общего видения реальности, которое разделяется определенным сообществом. Применительно к периоду становления современной научной политики (1940-е – 1960-е годы) выделяются две парадигмы – “либеральная” и “марксистская”. Происхождение первой связывается с поддержкой исследований и разработок в США в годы Второй мировой войны и после, второй – с политикой Советского Союза в период 1920-1960-х годов. Советская научная политика в период с 1960-х годов и далее эволюционировала по пути восприятия теории систем, в силу чего точнее характеризовать ее как “системную”. Эта линия развития была оборвана в начале 1990-х в связи с резким поворотом к либеральной парадигме, отчетливо проявившейся в документах этого периода. Однако в 2000-х годах произошел частичный возврат к системному видению. Документы последнего десятилетия обращаются к новой – “неолиберальной” парадигме, построенной на представлении о рыночной организации как об основном механизме государственного управления, в рамках которой автономия научного сообщества понимается как его организация по рыночным принципам. В то же время Стратегия научно-технологического развития России 2016 г. вновь обращается к элементам системной парадигмы, пытаясь объединить контрактную организацию научных исследований, являющуюся одной из базовых составляющих неолиберального видения, и прямого управления, лежащего в основе системного подхода. Таким образом, парадигмальный анализ указывает на внутреннее противоречие, свойственное отечественной научной политике, которое затрудняет ее реализацию.
Языки политики и политика языков. Российский взгляд на Кембриджскую школу
Authors: Янковский Олег
Published: January 2020

В статье рассматривается сборник, посвященный Кембриджской школе истории политической мысли. Проанализировав методологические приемы Квентина Скиннера и Джона Покока, авторы работы проводят тщательное исследование вопроса применимости контекстуального подхода и исторических методов к проблеме изучения политической мысли. Составители сборника утверждают, что методы Кембриджской школы могут быть успешно применены в рамках российской исторической и политической науки. Сборник включает в себя ряд переведенных работ Покока и Скиннера, а также переводы текстов влиятельных западных исследователей, посвященных критике и размышлениям о деятельности Кембриджской школы, практикуемых ею методах в исследовании российской истории. В книге также присутствует глава, которая состоит из эссе, представляющих собой редко встречающиеся в отечественной науке примеры практического применения “кембриджских” методов в исследовании российской истории. Рецензируемая работа представляет собой оригинальный научный труд, публикация которого выполняет важнейшую задачу по привлечению внимания к пересмотру адекватности применяемых в отечественной гуманитарной науке методов исследования политических текстов.
Risk Factors in Chronic Diseases. An Active Epidemiological Surveillance System: One step further with the stepwise model
Authors: Rodríguez Gabriel Tadeo
Published: January 2020

Desde buen tiempo atrás, es conocido que las enfermedades crónicas suelen ser consecuencia de una exposición prolongada a ciertos factores ambientales, de estilo de vida o socioeconómicos. Igualmente, se reconoce que las enfermedades crónicas pueden prevenirse, detectarse y controlarse. La realidad es que el perfil de la enfermedad en Colombia demuestra una gran carga de enfermedades crónicas reflejadas en la mayoría de sus comunidades. Este problema es también el resultado de un enfoque de salud pública erróneo, centrado en el tratamiento médico para las últimas etapas de la enfermedad, dejando a la prevención un papel secundario. A nivel individual, los marcos del sistema de salud colombiano no realizan el trabajo y los esfuerzos suficientes para la detección temprana y las acciones rápidas para abordar los factores de riesgo modificables. Los medidas individuales y poblacionales contra factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas,  se llevan a cabo esporádicamente para algunas personas, pero no como una política pública preventiva. Por lo tanto, complementando la necesidad de actividades sobre los determinantes de la salud poblacional, el propósito de esta propuesta está dirigido al manejo y control de estas deficiencias mediante la implementación de un sistema de vigilancia activa. Teniendo el modelo paso a paso de la Organización Mundial de la Salud como marco conceptual, este sistema de vigilancia específico se establece como una nueva estrategia mediante la cual los datos de salud a nivel comunitario pueden analizarse, ampliarse e integrarse en la vigilancia de salud pública general existente y la infraestructura del programa de salud colombiano. Como resultado, este documento tiene la intención de establecer los fundamentos de estas nuevas herramientas estratégicas para informar la planificación territorial con la adaptación de las intervenciones, con el objetivo de lograr una detección temprana óptima y una rápida intervención de los factores de riesgo. Cerrar estas brechas debe ser otro paso hacia el logro de un enfoque preventivo como abordaje de la enorme carga de enfermedades crónicas para la población colombiana.
Epigenética y salud: un análisis desde el pensamiento complejo
Authors: González Martínez Camilo José
Published: January 2020

La epigenética es el estudio de los cambios de los genes y su expresión que no generan modificaciones en la secuencia de ADN. Esta implica una serie de mecanismos como la metilación de citosinas del ADN, lo cual se manifiesta en el fenotipo y genera heredabilidad, también llamada herencia “suave y fuerte”. Aquí es importante recordar que el fenotipo es una condición emergente del genotipo y de la epigenética.
La epigenética mantiene una correcta impronta genómica en condiciones naturales y sin perturbaciones, por el contrario, anormalidades epigenéticas generan una expresión génica y fenotípica inapropiada. Las modificaciones fenotípicas se presentan en plantas, animales y seres humanos, lo que finalmente se expresa en los ecosistemas generando una condición emergente más allá de la condición humana: la salud.
De acuerdo a lo anterior y desde la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo, la salud es la expresión de la vida per se, razón por la cual la epigenética forma parte de los factores que permiten la emergencia de la salud. En otras palabras, la salud surge como consecuencia de la interacción entre genética, cultura, sociedad, economía, pensamiento, vivencias y experiencias, y es el reflejo de lo que nos hace plenamente humanos.
Distribution of fire extinguishing powder fractions in simulated non-stationary gas stream
Authors: Polyakov A. S. , Kozhevin D. F. , Konstantinova A. S.
Published: January 2020

Introduction. The article presents the regularities of particles distribution of fire extinguishing powder fractions in the cross sections of the simulated unregulated non-stationary gas stream. The distance from the fire extinguisher cut which the stream is most stable in terms of the content of fire extinguishing powder particles is determined. There are works in which the physical and chemical properties of fire-extinguishing powders are considered, the movement of powder particles in the stream is modeled, the influence of the fractional composition of the powder on its fire-extinguishing capacity is determined. At the same time distribution of powder fractions during its movement in gas-powder stream is not considered. The purpose of the present work is to find ways to improve the efficiency of powder extinguishers by controlling the distribution of powder fractions in a non-stationary gas stream.

Materials and methods. Experimental study installation consists of coordinate table oriented perpendicular to gas-powder stream direction. The table is equipped with collectors that allow to collect powder samples at control points of flow cross-section. Food sodium chloride (further — salt) was used in the experiment. Its characteristics correspond to GOST R 53280.4–2009 and allow to apply it as a model. The coordinate table was installed sequentially at a distance of 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 mm from the fire extinguisher cut. Next, a shot of salt with a known fractional composition was supplied with a fire extinguisher model to a coordinate table and the retained powder samples were taken. The mass and fractional composition of the samples collected by each collector were then determined. Stability of the particle distribution in the gas stream by statistical analysis (by Fischer’s criterion) was measured for their content.

Conclusions. Regularities of different fire extinguishing powder fractions distribution in cross section of non-regulated non-stationary gas stream are established and analytically described. These regularities can be used in finding ways to regulate fire extinguishing powder fractions during fire extinguishing. The most representative and stable in accuracy (correctness and precision) results of powder fractions content in the section of non-stationary gas stream at a distance of 1000 mm from the fire extinguisher cut. This should be taken into account in further research.
Construction of cDNA library from liver RNA of heat shocked rats and DNA sequence analysis of the clone containing the 3'-end untranslated region (3'UTR) of the heat inducible gene hsp70.2.
Authors: Lisowska K , Scieglińska D , Krawczyk Z
Published: January 2020

cDNA library constructed from liver RNA of rats subjected to hyperthermia was used to isolate divergent 3' end untranslated regions (3'UTR) of heat inducible hsp70.1 and hsp70.2 genes. As a result of a double selection procedure with the use of DNA-DNA hybridization and PCR analysis 9 clones containing cDNA sequences derived from the 3'UTR of the hsp70.2 gene were selected. Nucleotide sequence of the cloned inserts was established and the Northern blot analysis was performed to identify the heat inducible transcript encoded by the hsp70.2 gene.
The Crabtree effect: a new look at the old problem.
Authors: Wojtczak L
Published: January 2020

Inhibition of respiration by glucose, known as the Crabtree effect, has been observed in several tumours and some other highly glycolytic cells and tissues. Among mechanisms proposed to explain this effect were: competition between glycolysis and respiration for ADP or for inorganic phosphate, change of intracellular pH, change in the permeability of mitochondrial membranes, specific regulatory behavior of glycolytic enzymes, and specific enzyme topography within the cell. None of these proposals alone seems satisfactory. The present article describes the research carried out in the author's laboratory, pointing to the role of Ca2+ in the mechanism of the Crabtree effect. This supposition is based on the following observations: (1) in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells glucose elicits a steady increase of the cytoplasmic concentration of free Ca2+; (2) isolated Ehrlich ascites mitochondria and mitochondria within digitonin-permeabilised cells, preloaded with Ca2+, exhibit a depression of State 3 respiration and lowering of the rate of ATP synthesis; (3) ATPase activity of toluene-permeabilised Ehrlich ascites mitochondria becomes substantially inhibited at micromolar concentrations of Ca2+; (4) Ca2+ potentiates the effect of the inhibitory subunit of F1F0-ATPase. These results allow to hypothesize on the following sequence of events: (1) glucose elevates the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+; (2) this elicits an increased accumulation of Ca2+ in mitochondria; (3) loading of mitochondria with Ca2+ leads to an increased association of the inhibitory subunit with F1F0 which results in (4) the inhibition of coupled respiration. The importance of these mechanisms for glycolytic and rapidly proliferating cells is discussed.
Some recent trends and progress in nucleoside synthesis.
Authors: Vorbrüggen H
Published: January 2020

Some recent progress concerning the optimal combinations of Lewis acids and solvents for the synthesis of pyrimidine as well as purine nucleosides is reviewed. Furthermore, the novel condensation of persilylated free sugars and heterocyclic bases in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate to the corresponding persilylated nucleosides is discussed.
Modified substrates of DNA polymerases and design of antivirals.
Authors: Krayevsky A A , Alexandrova L A , Dyatkina N B , Kukhanova M K , Shirokova E A
Published: January 2020

The results obtained in our laboratory on investigating of substrate properties of a large number of compounds towards different DNA polymerases have been summarized. On the basis of systematic analysis a directed synthesis of nucleotides with antiviral properties was performed.
Structure-activity relationships for phosphorylation of nucleoside analogs to monophosphates by nucleoside kinases.
Authors: Johansson N G , Eriksson S
Published: January 2020

The mammalian deoxyribonucleoside kinases thymidine kinase 1 and 2, deoxycytidine kinase and deoxyguanosine kinase phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides and provide an alternative to de novo synthesis of DNA precursors. Their activities are essential for activation of several chemotherapeutically important nucleoside analogs. These four salvage kinase enzymes exhibit distinct substrate specificities for nucleoside analogs modified in the base and glycon moieties. In this review their. structure-activity relationships are discussed. Alternative routes for phosphorylation of nucleoside analogs are also reviewed, such as the phosphotransfer capacity of 5'-nucleotidase and protein kinases.
Financiarización, distribución y crecimiento
Authors: Lorente Luis
Published: January 2020

La história reciente y la evolución institucional de las economías llevan a criticar algunos aspectos de la Teoría Monetaria Moderna sobre el origen del dinero, el papel del déficit público y los impuestos. En este trabajo se propone una definición precisa del proceso de financiarización, basada en los móviles de la dirección empresarial; discute su impacto sobre la distribución del ingreso y sus consecuencias para la innovación y el crecimiento económico, y plantea la necesidad de los impuestos para redistribuir el ingreso. También se propone un concepto de déficit privado basado en la creación de medios de pago por parte del sistema bancario, que lleva a defender políticas de orientación del crédito. Concluye con varias propuestas de política macroeconómica.
El estado y la sociedad en la economía política
Authors: Chraki Fahd Boundi
Published: January 2020

Heredera de la filosofía política, la economía inglesa posmercantilista y la fisiocracia francesa, la economía política integró desde su origen la producción, a circulación y la teoría del valor en las teorías del Estado moderno y de la sociedad  capitalista. En este trabajo se argumenta que, en la economía política, las concepciones del Estado y de la sociedad están relacionadas con la teoría del excedente. Critica la noción marginalista de la sociedad, hace hincapié en la centralidad de la teoría del excedente, dilucida la antinomia entre Estado y sociedad e identifica los límites del princípio de demanda efectiva de Keynes y Kalecki. La principal conclusión es que las recomendaciones de política económica basadas en metas de inflación, deflación salarial y contención del gasto público buscan aumentar el excedente en las fases de crisis y recesión del ciclo económico.
Information System as a Tool Guaranteeing Food Safety and Controlling Food Market
Authors: Szymanska Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Changes occurring in the world (social, economic, technological) are a great challenge for market players. The development of transnational corporations, mass production, lower costs, greater amount of markets, cheaper suppliers influence that producers aren’t able to secure semi-finished products or raw materials in the production cycle. Semi-finished products and raw materials are procured and delivered by providers, who are also intermediaries in this production cycle from different countries. Lack of control over raw materials affects the purchase by unscrupulous providers of the cheapest materials of unknown origin, resulting in scandals – also in food. The article shows the ways to verify the production of food at every stage of its creation, and indicates possibility of its control.
DETERMINAN PELAPORAN SPT
Authors: Oktafiani Nur , Lutfillah Novrida Qudsi
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research was to know the effects of aplication of e-filing, internet understanding and awareness of tax payers on SPT reporting compliance. This research uses descriptive quantitative method. The data used in this study are primary data, the primary data are from questionnaires distributed by researchers through google forms. The result of this research indicate that internet understanding has an effect on compliance reporting SPT while the apllication of e-filing and awarness of tax payers has no effect on compliance reporting SPT.
Morfologi Kelenjar Aksesori Kelamin Jantan pada Trenggiling (Manis javanica) (MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE SEX ACCESSORY GLANDS OF THE PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA))
Authors: Akmal Yusrizal , Nisa Chairun , Novelina Savitri
Published: January 2020

The study aims to reveal the morphology of the male sex accessory glands of the pangolin at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Macroscopic observation included measurement of length and thickness of each accessory gland while microscopic observation, sample of each accessory gland was processed by histology technique with paraffin method and sliced with 3-5 ?m thickness and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for general structural observation, coloration of alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to observe the distribution of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides in each glands. The results showed that the male sex accessory glands of the pangolin consist of vesicular gland and prostate, and bulbourethral gland which were not observed macroscopically. The average length and thickness of vesicular gland were 1.07 cm and 0.41 cm, while the prostate was 1.17 cm and 0.54 cm respectively. All accessory glands were lobulated and separated with a thick connective tissue into lobes and lobules. Acinar cells in the vesicular glands were a serous type, whereas acinar cells in the prostate and bulbourethral gland were the mucous types. Secretion of vesicular gland contains neutral mucopolysaccharide with low concentrations and prostate containing neutral mucopolysaccharide with moderate conJurnal Veteriner Maret 2019 Vol. 20 No. 1 : 38 - 47 pISSN: 1411-8327; eISSN: 2477-5665 DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.38 Terakreditasi Nasional, Dirjen Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, online pada http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jvet Kemenristek Dikti RI S.K. No. 36a/E/KPT/201639 centrations, and did not secrete acid mucopolysaccharide. Secretion of bulbourethral glands contains neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharide with strong concentrations. Macroscopically the bulbourethral gland is not observed but has a high carbohydrate which acts as to produce of cement plasma and rinsing urethra from urine.
Pathological Lesions in Chicken Embryo Caused by Newly Virulent Isolate of Newcastle Disease Virus (LESI PATOLOGIS PADA EMBRIO AYAM YANG DISEBABKAN ISOLAT VIRUS PENYAKIT TETELO TERBARU YANG VIRULEN)
Authors: Wicaksana I Gede Hendra Prasetya , Adi Anak Agung Ayu Mirah , Kardena I Made
Published: January 2020

Newcastle disease is a pathogenic viral disease in poultry which is infectious and can cause massive economic losses. The disease is still endemic in Indonesia. To understand the pathogenesis and the distribution pattern of the virus in the tissues, pathological observation was evaluated using newly virulent isolate Newcastle disease virus (NDV) that was inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs. As many as seven embryonic chicken eggs aged 11 days and specific antibody negative against Newcastle disease, divided into two categories: inoculated with phosphate buffer saline and inoculated with isolates. Then the allantois fluid was tested using hemagglutination assay and hemagglutination inhibition tests to prove the infection serologically. The hearts, lungs, livers and small intestines of the inoculated products were collected and followed with the process of histopathological preparation using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stain. The pathological analysis showed that all organs had necrosis, hemorrhages, inflammation, and congestion. Congestion and hemorrhages in the hearts only occurred at 60% of the samples. However, necrosis, hemorrhages, and inflammation that were observed in liver occurred at 60%, 40% and 60% of the samples, respectively. Furthermore, the hearts were edema, thinner in the heart muscle fibers; while in the lungs, proliferation of pneumocyte type II was founded. Our finding provided valuable insight into the pathology of a virulent isolate of NDV which is dominated by blood circulation disorders with necrosis and inflammation in the chicken’s embryos and have important implication for the future studies.
Strengthening the global health dialogue: linking research networks in the Global South
Authors: Roger François , De Romémont Aurelle , Binot Aurélie , Loire Étienne , Girard Philippe
Published: January 2020

Myriad challenges arise when implementing health measures in middle- and low-income countries. Social, economic and sectoral constraints impede the application of research results and recommendations from national or international organizations. In these countries, platforms in partnership for research and training (dP) developed by CIRAD and partners in the health sector contribute unique and valuable experience. These platforms represent regional networks and foster intersectoral collaborative exchanges involving research, various social sectors and public and private governance levels. In the long term, they seek to develop networks of actors and policymakers while fostering innovation in different local and national contexts. This experience is now ripe for consolidating interactions at a more global level—linking regional health-oriented networks and building a platform of global scope. The concerned platforms collaborate to develop a shared vision of the targeted impacts and strategies to achieve them.
Fotografia como registro
Authors: Ishida Maira Imenes
Published: January 2020

Neste artigo proponho olhar as imagens da primeira parte do livro Os Emigrantes, de Sebald, para refletir a respeito da função que elas carregam na construção da narrativa, provocando um desvio. Se, por um lado, criam o “efeito de real”, por outro, se aproximam de tal modo do leitor que terminam evidenciando o lado exterior da narrativa, tornando visível o próprio processo de sua construção.
Compulsory Immunization Protects Against Infection: What Law and Society Can Do
Authors: Mehlman Maxwell J. , Lederman Michael M.
Published: January 2020

Since their broad implementation, immunizations have decreased morbidity and mortality due to a number of serious infectious diseases. In recent years, exaggerated concerns about the safety of immunizations have resulted in decreased immunization coverage in many regions and epidemic outbreaks of serious transmissible diseases – most particularly measles. This commentary reviews the legal justification for compulsory immunization and the ethical justification for civil incentives to assure compliance with immunization practices.
Señalética. El reto del ecodiseño1 = Signs. The challenge of eco-design
Authors: Medrano Sánchez Francisco José , Olivares Carmen
Published: January 2020

Esta investigación surge del análisis de señaléticas ubicadas en distintos entornos y en contacto con el medio ambiente, con el fin de solucionar problemas derivados del uso erróneo de la ergonomía, la tipografía, el color, los pictogramas, los materiales, los soportes y los elementos de sustentación, así como los posibles agentes atmosféricos que podrían actuar en su degradación. Se centra, especialmente, en trayectos de rutas senderistas, permitiendo orientar a los que practican dicha actividad, además de una correcta interpretación. Estas señales e indicadores pueden ser marcas de pintura homologadas, hitos o mojones depiedra, balizas, paneles informativos, postes indicativos, vértices geodésicos y señales de IMBA España entre otras. La aparición de nuevas necesidades en el senderismo requiere de informar sobre los posibles recorridos y utilizar nuevos materiales y conceptos. Por esta razón, se realiza previamente una revisión de signos y factores que envuelven este campo del diseño con la finalidad de facilitar datos técnicos a los diseñadores y simplificar la descodificación de estos signos a los usuarios, además de aportar seguridad durante su trayecto y evitar así perdidas o accidentes.AbstractThis research arises from the analysis of signage located in different surroundings and in contact with the environment, in order to solve problems derived from the erroneous use of ergonomics, typography, color, pictograms, materials, supports and the elements of sustentation, as well as the possible atmospheric agents that could act in their degradation. It focuses, especially, on paths of hiking routes, allowing orientation to those who practice this activity, in addition to a correct interpretation. These signs and indicators can be homologated paint marks, milestones or stone markers, beacons, information panels, indicative posts, geodesic vertices and signs of IMBA Spain among others. The appearance of new needs in hiking requires to inform about the possible routes and to use new materials and concepts. For this reason, a review of signs and factors involving this field of design is carried out in order to provide technical data to designers and simplify the decoding of these signs to users, in addition to providing security during their journey and thus avoid lost or accidents.