bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengukuran Efektivitas Endorsement Melalui Akun Kreator dan Akun Publik Instagram Menggunakan TEARS Model
Authors: Pratiwi Anggun , Oktavia Adiwijaya Nelly , A’yuni Ar Ruhimat Qurrota
Published: December 2024

Among the many options of endorsers on public accounts as well as creator accounts on the Instagram platform, industry players must be careful in choosing the appropriate endorser who can represent the promoted product. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of endorsement on creator accounts and public accounts as endorsers using the TEARS Model. This model consists of trust, expertise, attractiveness, respect, and similarity between creator account endorsers and public account endorsers. This study evaluates respondents' perceptions of two different types of endorsers based on similar advertising products, namely culinary products. This study uses descriptive analysis methods with a quantitative approach. The population used is Generation Z individuals who are Instagram social media users with a sample of 385 respondents. The results of this study show that creator account endorsers are more effective than public account endorsers. Creator accounts have a higher level of effectiveness in the dimensions of trust, attractiveness, and respect. In contrast, the dimensions of expertise and similarity with the target audience are higher in public account endorsers. Generation Z evaluates that both types of accounts have their respective advantages, where endorsement on creator accounts is more attention-grabbing and convincing, while endorsement on public accounts is more relatable due to the similarity of hobbies between endorsers and Generation Z consumers.
Vocabulary related to iron manufacture and iron-working in Saami languages
Authors: Piha Minerva
Published: December 2024

In this article, etymologies of the lexical set related to iron manufacture and iron-working in the Saami languages are examined. The aim is to examine, from a linguistic perspective, when Saami speakers started to manufacture and work iron and from which direction they learned these activities.
The data consists of 32 words relating to iron. Only the most central terms of the lexical set have been included, namely terms for ‘iron’; ‘steel’; ‘ore’; ‘iron slag’; ‘forge (v.)’; ‘forge (n.), smithy’; ‘furnace’; ‘smith’; ‘coal; ember’; ‘bellows’; ‘pliers’; ‘hammer’; ‘anvil’. The data was collected from dictionaries of the Saami languages. 
According to the data analysis, it seems that Saami speakers received their iron-related vocabulary mainly from two directions: Proto-Scandinavian and Finnic/Finnish. The southwestern Saami languages which are today spoken in central Scandinavia and Lule Saami received the vocabulary mainly from Proto-Scandinavian. The more northern and northeastern languages have borrowed words from Finnic/Finnish.
Association Between The Level of Habit of Playing Online Games and Social Behavior In Adolescents
Authors: Leling Apliana Kodu , Trishinta Sirli Mardianna , Parnawati Tantry Ajeng
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of habit of playing online games among adolescents has raised concerns about its potential impact on their social behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the connection between the level of habit of playing online games and social behavior in adolescents at SMK N 1 Loli. Employing a cross-sectional research design, the population consisted of 50 teenagers, with a purposive sampling technique yielding a sample of 34 teenagers. The study designated habit of playing online games as the independent variable and social behavior as the dependent variable. Data collection involved online game habit questionnaires and social behavior questionnaires, while data analysis employed Fisher's exact test. The finding revealed that most of the respondents have high online game habits (55.9%) and similarly, a significant proportion demonstrated high levels of social behavior (67.6%) The analysis found a statistically significant relationship between the level of online game habits and social behavior in Adolescents at SMK N 1 Loli with a value (P-value = 0.000). To broaden the scope of understanding, future research can consider additional factors that potentially influence both habit of playing online games and social behavior that remained unexplored within this study.
A fibromyalgia
Authors: Sütő Gábor
Published: December 2024

A fibromyalgia összetett betegség. Jel­leg­ze­tessége a testben szétterjedő fájdalom, amely a fájdalomérzet központi idegrendszeri kóros feldolgozásának, a centrális szen­zitizációnak következménye.
Az inclisiran hosszú távú alkalmazásának hatékonysága és biztonságossága az ORION-8 vizsgálat eredményei alapján
Authors: Harangi Mariann , Diószegi Ágnes
Published: December 2024

A proprotein konvertáz szubtilizin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) fehérje képződését gátló kis interferáló RNS inclisiran kifejlesztése és bevezetése igazi változást hozott a lipidcsökkentő kezelésben. Az alacsony denzitású lipoprotein koleszterin (LDL-C) szintjének jelentős csökkentése és az igen kedvező, félévente történő subcutan adagolás a statin- és ezetimibkezelés mellett lehetővé tette a nagyobb arányú célértékelérést.
Effect of Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation of Ultrahigh Frequency on Stress-Induced Changes in Hematological Parameters of Rats
Authors: Ravaeva M. Y. , Cheretaev I. V. , Chuyan E. N. , Nagorskaya M. V. , Galenko-Yaroshevskii P. A.
Published: December 2024

This work investigated the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency (EMR EHF) on stress-induced changes in hematological parameters in rats. The isolated action of stress factors of varying intensity was shown to significantly change a number of hematological parameters of male rats, while their combined action with EMR EHF modifies the effects of isolated stress factors. Thus, under the conditions of hypokinetic stress (HS) relative to the control, the number of erythrocytes increased by 12.7% (p<0.05); under oxidative stress (OS), hematocrit values decreased by 19.0% (p<0.001); and under acute stress, the mean concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes increased by 22.6% (p<0.05). The effect of stress factors of various origins in combination with EMR EHF significantly changed the effects characteristic of isolated action of these stress factors. Thus, hypokinetic stress in combination with low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high frequency (HS-EHF) compared to HS reduced the number of erythrocytes by 11.0% (p<0.05) and the hemoglobin level by 11.2% (p<0.001), restoring these indices to the control level. The combined effect of OS-EHF neutralized the effect of hematocrit reduction in OS, although reducing the mean corpuscular volume and increased the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration by 24.3% (p<0.001) compared to the control. The number of leukocytes and lymphocytes decreased in OS and OS-EHF, while the combination of OS with EMR EHF weakened the stress-related damaging effect of OS.
Immunohistochemical Study of Neuroglia in the Mediastinum Structures of Newborn Rats
Authors: Chumasov E. I. , Petrova E. S. , Korzhevskii D. E.
Published: December 2024

In this work, we conduct a comparative morphological study of the diversity of glial cells in the tissues and organs of the mediastinum of newborn rats using immunohistochemical markers. In rats aged 1 day, the innervation of the organs of the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems was studied in frontal sections through the cardiopulmonary complex (using the neural immunohistochemical protein marker PGP 9.5 and glial markers GFAP and S100β). In the mediastinal organs (SRDS), two type of glia — astrocyte-like cells and neurolemmocytes — were revealed. Astrocyte-like cells are similar to the glia of the CNS, neurolemmocytes or Schwann cells are similar to the glia of the PNS. Some were found in the neuropil of the Aurbach's ganglionic plexus of the enteric nervous system of the esophagus, and others were detected in the ganglia, microganglia, in the large trunks, and bundles of the nerve plexuses of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the somatic and autonomic nervous system. Among the neurolemmocytes in the SRDS, the following populations were identified: myelin-forming Schwann cells, neurolemmocytes of unmyelinated nerve fibers, neurolemmocytes of the Remak fascicles of the main terminal synaptic plexus, as well as satellite or capsule cells of neurocytes of the intramural ganglia. According to the modern knowledge, glia plays an important role in the functioning of vital organs in the norm, as well as in the preservation of the integrity of neural structures in pathology. Therefore, the results obtained are important for biomedical research on the development of new therapies aimed at changing the functional status of glial cells.
Evaluation of the Molecular Size Distribution of Rabies Immunoglobulin Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Generalov S. V. , Savenkova A. A. , Kireev M. N. , Abramova E. G. , Shulgina I. V. , Lobovikova O. A.
Published: December 2024

Rabies immunoglobulin is one of the most commonly used antiviral serum drugs. In the Russian Federation, more than 400,000 people are at risk of contracting rabies every year. In order to improve the drug safety when using heterologous immunoglobulin, it is advisable to introduce such a quality indicator as molecular size distribution. This indicator reflects the distribution of single immunoglobulin molecules, their dimers, aggregates, and fragments in the drug. The study of the content of these fractions in the drug using high-performance liquid chromatography is determined by the requirements of the XIV edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The aim of the present study was to establish the conditions for high-performance liquid chromatography when determining the molecular size distribution of heterologous rabies immunoglobulin. A method for determining the indicator of molecular size distribution using a BioSep-SEC-s3000 (“Phenomenex Inc.”, USA) column and a Biologic Duoflow (“BioRad”, USA) chromatographic system is proposed. Commercial and experimental samples of rabies immunoglobulin obtained from horse blood serum were used. When studying chromatographic parameters (resolution between peaks, retention time, peak symmetry, etc.), analysis conditions in accordance with the pharmacopoeial requirements were selected. The resolution values were: between the peaks of monomers and dimers — 1.42; between the peaks of aggregates and monomers – 3.9, between the peaks of monomers and fragments – at least 4.46. The experiment showed the specificity and repeatability of the technique. Additionally, a high degree of purification of the studied commercial samples of rabies immunoglobulin was shown, which is characterized by the absence of fractions of aggregates and fragments. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the proposed method can be used using a BioSep-SEC-s3000 column and a Biologic Duoflow chromatographic system to control the quality of heterologous rabies immunoglobulin in terms of molecular size distribution.
Ecological assessment of pesticides and agrochemicals under the influence on mesofauna
Authors: Chabanyuk Y. , Bunas A. , Brovko I. , Mazur S.
Published: December 2024

Not controlled use of pesticides and agrochemicals requires more attention to the assessment of their impact on the environment. Using classical methods makes it possible to determine the degradation of soils in fact the alternative is assessment of agro-ecosystems by biological indicators at the modern molecular-genetic level. The review evaluated the effect of commercial preparations of pesticides on the reproductive function of representatives of soil mesofauna Eisenia fetida using molecular genetic techniques COMET and TUNEL. When using COMET method herbicides Primekstra Gold and Gezagard violated DNA structure of 79% and 65% of the tested cells, respectively, in the samples using preparation Harnes percentage of cells with disrupted DNA was 45%, and Roundup formulation could impact on 15% of the cells. Using TUNEL method revealed that studied drugs caused 81, 67, 42 and 13% DNA fragmentation of earthworm cells.
The hydrothermal regime of drained soils in the conditions of climate changes
Authors: Saydak R. , Datsko M.
Published: December 2024

Trend analysis of climatic changes of hydrothermal regime of the Left Bank Polissya is displayed. It was established that the average air temperature according to the general tendency increased by 2.3°C, and compared with the conventional standard by 1.2°C, which leads to an increase in the number of days with an active vegetation. These temperature changes will allow growing more heat-loving plants in Polissya. There was a slight increase in average annual rainfall, for 55 years, it has increased by 15 mm. Analysis of hydrothermal regime proves that the moisture content of the site has changed significantly in the downside. Assessment of changes in climatic water balance also shows a general trend of increasing water deficit, which reached an average of 110–120 mm per year. At the same time, modern climate changes affected the level of groundwater, particularly in March and April, it is high (0.33–0.39 m), and at the end of August reduced to 1.27 m. Evaluation of trends in climatic changes that have occurred in recent decades to help more fully assess the need for the modernization and construction of new land reclamation systems in the area of drainage. Sustainability of agricultural production on reclaimed soils and especially crop depends on timely and accurate information on changes in temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal regime, their evaluation and prognosis.
Збереження і збагачення біорізноманіття лікарських рослин, адаптованих до умов Степу України
Authors: Gluschenko L. , Kir’yan V. , Boguslavskiy R.
Published: December 2024

Наведено результати експедиційного обстеження районів південних і центральних степових областей України, де зібрано 286 зразків генофонду культурних рослин та їх диких родичів для збереження та збагачення біологічного різноманіття рослин, адаптованих до умов степової зони України. Для збереження і закріплення у колекціях ex situ та ефективного використання лікарських рослин зібрано 119 зразків генофонду, зокрема для поповнення колекції рідкісних і цінних видів Дослідної станції лікарських рослин Інституту агроекології і природокористування НААН: Achillea graberrima Klok., Stipa cappillata L., Centaurea ruthenica L., Asparagus brachyphyiius Turez., Allium scythicum Zoz., Thymus litoralis Klok., Ephedra distachya L. Для таких видів, як Achillea graberrima Klok., Centaurea ruthenica L., Asparagus brachyphyiius Turez., Allium scythicum Zoz., Ephedra distachya L. визначено місця для облаштування резерватів з метою збереження in situ та репатріації.
Agree-Based Analysis of Arabic Adjectival Agreement and Case
Authors: Alenazy Mamdouh A.
Published: December 2024

This paper aims at investigating the structural positions occupied by the predicative and attributive adjectives in Modern Standard Arabic. Arabic adjectives are represented as post-nominal DP constituents which exhibit interesting syntactic properties in terms of agreement and Case. The study adopts the feature-based Agree model developed within the Minimalist Program. It introduces an analysis that accounts for how Case feature is valued on adjectives and the modified nouns and why the attributive and the predicative adjectives display different levels of agreement with the modified nouns. The paper argues that there are three sources of agreement on adjectives. The first source is the numeration where agreement in φ-feature between the noun and the modifying adjective, be it predicative or attributive, is determined. The second source of agreement results from the indefiniteness override which takes place upon Merge when the definiteness of the modified noun overrides the indefiniteness of the attributive adjective. Predicative adjectives are not subject to this override that is why they do not agree in definiteness with the modified nouns. The third source of agreement is the operation Agree which is responsible for the valuation of Case feature. During the derivation, two different Agree operations apply. The attributive adjective is internal to the DP that contains the modified noun. The whole DP is probed by an external c-commanding head. Conversely, the predicative adjective is a DP complement to a copular head with which it enters in an Agree relation.
Analysis of goal, feedback and rewards on sustained attention via machine learning
Authors: Fernando Nethali , Robison Matthew , Maia Pedro D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Sustaining attention is a notoriously difficult task as shown in a recent experiment where reaction times (RTs) and pupillometry data were recorded from 350 subjects in a 30-min vigilance task. Subjects were also presented with different types of goal, feedback, and reward.

Methods

In this study, we revisit this experimental data and solve three families of machine learning problems: (i) RT-regression problems, to predict subjects' RTs using all available data, (ii) RT-classification problems, to classify responses more broadly as attentive, semi-attentive, and inattentive, and (iii) to predict the subjects' experimental conditions from physiological data.

Results

After establishing that regressing RTs is in general a difficult task, we achieve better results classifying them in broader categories. We also successfully disambiguate subjects who received goals and rewards from those who did not. Finally, we quantify changes in accuracy when coarser features (averaged throughout multiple trials) are used. Interestingly, the machine learning pipeline selects different features depending on their resolution, suggesting that predictive physiological features are also resolution-specific.

Discussion

These findings highlight the potential of machine learning to advance research on sustained attention and behavior, particularly in studies incorporating pupillometry or other physiological measurements, offering new avenues for understanding and analysis.
Unraveling the discrepancies between REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH trials with omega-3 fatty acids: new analytical approaches
Authors: Zhang Weiguo , Gan Dan , Huo Shaofeng , Chen Peng
Published: December 2024

Two large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials—REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH—have garnered significant attention in cardiovascular medicine. Both trials aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged administration of nutritional lipids, specifically omega-3 fatty acids, on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in high-risk patients undergoing statin therapy. REDUCE-IT used eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester with mineral oil as a control, while STRENGTH utilized a carboxylic acid formulation of both EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with corn oil as a control. Notably, REDUCE-IT demonstrated a reduction in MACE risk with EPA, whereas STRENGTH showed no such benefit with the combination of EPA and DHA. Despite extensive and insightful discussions following the publication of these trials, the underlying reasons for this discrepancy remain elusive. We posit that further investigation into resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV), and ethnic subgroup data—collected but not fully explored—is critical to unraveling the divergent outcomes of the REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH trials. These additional analyses could provide pivotal insights into the mechanisms driving the differential effects of omega-3 fatty acids in high-risk cardiovascular patients. Given that previous discussions have not fully addressed these potential variables, exploring them may illuminate unexplored pathways and offer a deeper understanding of the mechanistic and clinical roles of omega-3 s in cardiovascular health. We hypothesize that by delving into these under-analyzed factors, we can not only clarify the discrepancies between the trials but also advance our broader understanding of cardiovascular nutrition and medicine.
A pharmacovigilance study of the association between proton pump inhibitors and tumor adverse events based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Zhang Ya-Jun , Duan Dan-Dan , Tian Qian-Yu , Wang Cai-E. , Wei Shu-Xun
Published: December 2024

Background

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective treatments for acid-related disorders but may pose tumor risks with long-term use. Current research on PPI-associated tumor adverse events (TAEs) is limited and inconclusive. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the relationship between PPIs and TAEs.

Methods

We analyzed PPI adverse reaction reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database spanning from 2004 to 2024, focusing on five commonly used PPIs: esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, and rabeprazole. We conducted a disproportionality analysis utilizing the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) to identify potential TAEs associated with PPIs. We conducted univariate logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors.

Results

A total of 3,133 TAEs were identified, representing 2.36% of all PPI-related adverse events (AEs). The most common TAEs were gastric cancer (19.05%) and malignant neoplasm (7.23%). Disproportionality analysis revealed ten significant TAEs associated with PPIs, including gastric adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. The median age of those reporting TAEs was 59 (interquartile range [IQR]: 51–70), and 29.70% of them resulted in a fatality. TAEs associated with PPIs were less likely to occur in elderly patients (65–75: OR = 0.91 [0.87–0.95], p < 0.001; >75: OR = 0.93 [0.89–0.98], p < 0.01).

Conclusion

TAEs constitute a small but significant fraction of PPI-related AEs. This study highlights the need for cautious long-term use of PPIs and further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors. Clinicians should be aware of the potential tumor risks associated with prolonged PPI treatment.
The emotional surge: in-depth qualitative exploration of rumination and emotional turbulence in non-suicidal self-injurers
Authors: Khan Soulat , Rehna Tasnim , Butt Tayyab Ali
Published: December 2024

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging pathological condition among emerging adults, causing significant distress and hindering daily life functioning. The increasing prevalence of NSSI highlights its importance as a crucial area requiring clinical attention. To devise effective interventions for managing NSSI, it is important to identify the factors contributing to its onset and maintenance. Therefore, the current study aims to explore emotional and cognitive factors to provide a holistic understanding of NSSI in emerging adults in the Pakistani context. For this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with N = 10 self-injurers (mean age: 22.2 years) recruited through purposive sampling. Participants had engaged in self-injury at least five times in the past year without suicidal intent. The arm was identified as the most common site for self-injury, with cutting being the most frequently used method. Data from the transcribed interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes—‘emotional turbulence,’ ‘low distress tolerance,’ and ‘rumination’—and nine subthemes emerged, highlighting the emotional and cognitive factors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of NSSI. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the emotional and cognitive dimensions of NSSI in emerging Pakistani adults. These insights will aid in treatment planning and in selecting appropriate strategies for reducing and ultimately eradicating NSSI.
Case report: Additional grounds for tighter regulation? A case series of five women with zolpidem dependence from a Brazilian women-specific substance use disorder outpatient service
Authors: Leal Gabriel , Studart Igor , Figueiredo Caio Petrus Monteiro , di Santi Talita , Suen Paulo , Brasiliano Silvia , Hochgraf Patricia B. , Bacchi Pedro Starzynski
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study presents a case series of five women with zolpidem dependence treated at the Drug Dependent Women Treatment Center (PROMUD), one of the first women-specific substance use disorder outpatient services in Latin America.

Methods

This was an retrospective review of medical records of patients with a diagnosis of zolpidem dependence at the Institute of Psychiatry of Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo between December 2021 and December 2023. Description of the cases followed the Case Report Statement, Checklist and Guidelines (CARE). The weekly zolpidem intake, comprising prescribed amounts and relapse episodes, was totaled to compute a mean daily dose. This was graphically illustrated to bring clinical insights.

Results

The patients, aged 25-45 years, displayed escalating oral zolpidem doses (range: 60-900 mg/day), with adverse effects such as memory and social impairment, falls, seizures. Commonalities among cases included initiating zolpidem use for primary insomnia and withdrawal symptoms, including rebound insomnia, social impairment, and craving. History of physical and psychological abuse were reported. Comorbid psychiatric conditions, particularly eating disorders (n=3), recurrent depression (n=1), borderline personality disorder traits (n=1), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n=1), were identified. Although zolpidem abuse often correlates with the concurrent abuse of other substances, none of the reported cases in this study exhibited other substance use disorders. Concurrent use of sedatives, especially benzodiazepines and levomepromazine, was observed (n=2).

Conclusion

The surge in zolpidem prescriptions, driven by its perceived safety and low abuse potential compared to benzodiazepines, may lead to a global health issue of dependence. The medical community faces the challenge of managing this without standardized treatment protocols. Our case series underscores the effectiveness of the PROMUD program, which employs a multidisciplinary, women-specific approach with tailored group therapies and weekly psychiatric appointments to address and prevent relapse.
Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among Sudanese refugees at Bambasi Camp in northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Amede Endris Seid , Tesfaye Elias , Ahmed Gutema
Published: December 2024

Background

Refugees encounter a variety of traumatic events throughout their migratory process and in the camp, which increase their risk of developing mental illnesses. Even though depression and anxiety are the most frequent after a stressful life event, there is limited information on Sudanese refugees. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms at the Bambasi Camp in northwestern Ethiopia.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 participants using a systematic random sampling method. The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) was used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. The data was collected by the Kobo toolbox mobile application and analyzed using SPSS (version 26). Multiple logistic regressions with the backward elimination method were performed. A p-value of <0.05 with 95% CI was taken as statistically significant.

Result

A total of 379 participants were included, with 96.9% response rate. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 46.2% (95% CI = 41–51.2) and 39.6% (95% CI = 34–41), respectively. A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that being a female (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.50–4.26), duration of stay (≥11 years) in the camp (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.39–3.86), being jobless (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.30–5.50), and poor social support (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.25–7.79) were identified as risk factors of depressive symptoms and also being female (AOR = 3.60; 95% CI = 2.26–5.74) and age above 45 (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.16–5.30) were identified as risk factors for anxiety symptoms.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the high burden of mental health problems that Sudanese refugees bear. The identified predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms should alert medical and refugee professionals to identify vulnerable individuals and groups, to link them to appropriate psychological intervention, and also to take action for the identified risk factors.
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder and ergonomic risk practice among medical laboratory professionals at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Fikre Dagim , Hawulte Ayele Behailu , Sime Akewok , Tebeje Fikru , Weldegebreal Fitsum
Published: December 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant occupational problem due to poor ergonomic workstations among medical laboratory professionals; however, there is limited information regarding ergonomic-related musculoskeletal disorders among laboratory personnel in Ethiopia, particularly in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was implemented among 241 Medical Laboratory Professionals (MLPs) from December 20, 2023, to January 20, 2024. A standardized questionnaire adapted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and a combination of self-administered surveys and direct observational techniques was used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders with findings presented through Odds ratios and a 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Result

This study showed that over the past 12 months, 142 (58.9%; 95% CI: 52.0, 65.0) Medical Laboratory professionals reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders at least in one of the nine body parts. Age 36 and above years (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02, 6.01), being female (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.04), work experience 10–15 years (AOR = 3.99; 95% CI: 1.6, 9.4), work experience >15 years (AOR = 4.13; 95% CI: 1.52, 10.81), sitting time 4 and above hours (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.63), patient load >300 (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.12, 7.46), and being overweight (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.04, 6.03) were factors significantly associated.

Conclusion

The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was found to be higher among Medical Laboratory Professionals as compared to previous research conducted in Ethiopia. It is recommended to regularly evaluate workstations to reduce strain through adjustments in the chair and bench heights and implement task rotation to reduce repetitive movements and distribute physical demands among staff, in addition to that, adjust work schedules to include intermittent breaks. Tailored ergonomic solutions and flexible arrangements should be provided for female professionals who are at a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, conducting routine health screenings to detect early signs of musculoskeletal disorders for timely intervention, as well as enhancing awareness among Medical Laboratory Professionals, are essential measures to mitigate ergonomic risk practice.
Integrating environmental physiotherapy into New Zealand undergraduate education: exploring current practice
Authors: Stone Olivia M. L. , Bryant Katrina , Hale Leigh
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the integration of environmental physiotherapy education into the physiotherapy curriculum in a New Zealand university in response to the environmental physiotherapy agenda and the University of Otago Sustainability Framework. We describe and discuss three learning activities, the associated challenges and lessons learnt, and the current position. Given the encompassing nature of environmental and health interactions, we aimed for multilayer immersive experiences using a range of pedagogical approaches. The first learning activity example exemplifies embracing and threading Aotearoa New Zealand’s indigenous knowledge and practices throughout our BPhty curriculum. The second example demonstrates how environmental physiotherapy can be made explicit within a delineated learning activity. In the third example, we describe a clinical placement learning activity that occurred in our student-led private practice. Recent full accreditation of the curriculum by the New Zealand Registration Board and positive student evaluations and feedback demonstrate that this integrated holistic curriculum is both acceptable and enjoyable. Frequent and rapid curriculum modifications in response to the COVID19 Global pandemic’s impact on teaching and learning have however prevented full formal curriculum evaluation at this stage. We envisage that this educational approach be an ongoing process of review and restructure. Aligned with global trends toward sustainability in healthcare, our goal is to prepare students to address the growing environmental influences on public health. By integrating environmental physiotherapy philosophy into the undergraduate physiotherapy curriculum, we aim to develop holistic healthcare perspectives in students that will strengthen future physiotherapy practice in New Zealand and internationally.
Evaluating two live-attenuated vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovar Reading in turkeys: reduced tissue colonization and cecal tonsil transcriptome responses
Authors: Monson Melissa S. , Gurung Manoj , Bearson Bradley L. , Whelan Samuel J. , Trachsel Julian M. , Looft Torey , Sylte Matthew J. , Bearson Shawn M.D.
Published: December 2024

Vaccines that cross-protect across serovars of Salmonella enterica (Salmonella) would be a beneficial intervention against emerging and persistent Salmonella isolates of concern for the turkey industry. The 2017–2019 foodborne outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Reading (S. Reading) revealed the need for effective control of this serovar in turkey production. This study evaluated two live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines, an internally developed cross-protective vaccine and a commercially available vaccine, against an outbreak-associated strain of S. Reading in turkeys. At 1 day and 3 weeks of age, male turkey poults were either mock-vaccinated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or given one of the vaccines by oral gavage (primary and booster) or aerosol spray (primary) then drinking water (booster). At 7 weeks of age, poults were challenged with 109 colony forming units (CFU) of S. Reading; a mock-vaccinated group was mock-challenged with PBS. Colonization of the cecal contents and cecal tonsil was 1.5–3 log10 CFU/g lower in vaccinated birds than mock-vaccinated birds at 7 and/or 14 days post-inoculation (DPI). Salmonella dissemination to the spleen was significantly reduced by both vaccines. Gene expression of intestinal transporters (such as SCNN1B and SLC10A2) and tight junction proteins was significantly decreased in the turkey cecal tonsil transcriptome at 2 DPI with S. Reading. Vaccination with either vaccine mitigated most cecal tonsil gene expression responses to S. Reading challenge. Therefore, both the internally developed vaccine and commercial vaccine were cross-protective against colonization and dissemination, and both were able to limit transcriptional changes from challenge in intestinal health-related genes in the cecal tonsil, thereby providing vaccination efficacy and impact data against S. Reading in turkeys.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Hwang Jusun , Kim Jisoo , Son Kidong , Kim Yongkwan , Jeong Hyesung , Jheong Weonhwa
Published: December 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite with a wide range of warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts, where the transmission primarily occurs through ingesting T. gondii oocysts in the environment. Hence, animals inhabiting a wide geographical range can be sentinels for the environmental contamination of T. gondii oocysts. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in two generalist ungulates in the Republic of Korea (ROK), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), and identify the risk factors associated with this infection. Commercial ELISA kits confirmed a seroprevalence of 34.9% in wild boar (170/487, 95% CI: 30.7–39.3%) and 29.9% in Korean water deer (135/452, 95% CI: 25.7–34.3%). In both species, the seroprevalence was highest in winter, and showed no sex-related differences. In wild boars, the seroprevalence showed steep reduction in 2020 and increased with body mass. Meanwhile, in Korean water deer, seroprevalence did not show significant association with any of the tested variables, although an increase in seroprevalence was observed in 2020 compared to previous years. This study documents the widespread yet heterogeneous nature of T. gondii prevalence in its intermediate host population. Hence, the constant monitoring of T. gondii prevalence in its host species, both definitive and intermediate, while simultaneously considering risk factors would be necessary to identify the drivers behind the fluctuating pattern of T. gondii prevalence.
Forecasting Human Core and Skin Temperatures: A Long-Term Series Approach
Authors: Han Xinge , Wu Jiansong , Hu Zhuqiang , Li Chuan , Sun Boyang
Published: December 2024

Human core and skin temperature (Tcr and Tsk) are crucial indicators of human health and are commonly utilized in diagnosing various types of diseases. This study presents a deep learning model that combines a long-term series forecasting method with transfer learning techniques, capable of making precise, personalized predictions of Tcr and Tsk in high-temperature environments with only a small corpus of actual training data. To practically validate the model, field experiments were conducted in complex environments, and a thorough analysis of the effects of three diverse training strategies on the overall performance of the model was performed. The comparative analysis revealed that the optimized training method significantly improved prediction accuracy for forecasts extending up to 10 min into the future. Specifically, the approach of pretraining the model on in-distribution samples followed by fine-tuning markedly outperformed other methods in terms of prediction accuracy, with a prediction error for Tcr within ±0.14 °C and Tsk, mean within ±0.46 °C. This study provides a viable approach for the precise, real-time prediction of Tcr and Tsk, offering substantial support for advancing early warning research of human thermal health.
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of NiCrTi Coating on the Ash Condensation Characteristics of High-Alkali Coals
Authors: Liang Quan , Hu Lina , Ding Qiheng
Published: December 2024

To investigate the effect of NiCrTi coating on the ash condensation characteristics of high-alkali coal in Xinjiang South Mine, we first built an experimental rig for high-alkali-coal flue gas condensation and carried out experimental research on high-alkali-coal flue gas condensation. Physicochemical characterization of the initial layer of the ash deposit (initial deposit) condensation products was also carried out using XRD, SEM, and EDX. Finally, the priority of products generated on the surface of NiCrTi coating and the three-phase diagram of Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3 were analyzed by using FactSage 8.3 thermodynamic software. The results show that the condensation products in the initial deposits layer of 15CrMo alloy contain other sodium salts, such as sodium feldspar (NaAlSi3O8), NaCl, and Na2SO4, and that other protective oxides, such as Cr2O3, NiCr2O4, and TiO2, are formed on the surface of the NiCrTi coating. At the same time, the condensation experiment allows the fouling phase to be divided into four parts. Secondly, it was found that the densely flaky particles on the surface of NiCrTi coatings not only have excellent anti-fouling properties but also can effectively inhibit the penetration of other elements such as S. Finally, the reaction priority of protective oxides on NiCrTi coatings was calculated by FactSage 8.3 and found to have the following order: NiCr2O4 > Cr2O3 > TiO2. The results of this paper provide theoretical support for the development of anti-staining NiCrTi coatings.
Sentence Embedding Generation Framework Based on Kullback–Leibler Divergence Optimization and RoBERTa Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Han Jin , Yang Liang
Published: December 2024

In natural language processing (NLP) tasks, computing semantic textual similarity (STS) is crucial for capturing nuanced semantic differences in text. Traditional word vector methods, such as Word2Vec and GloVe, as well as deep learning models like BERT, face limitations in handling context dependency and polysemy and present challenges in computational resources and real-time processing. To address these issues, this paper introduces two novel methods. First, a sentence embedding generation method based on Kullback–Leibler Divergence (KLD) optimization is proposed, which enhances semantic differentiation between sentence vectors, thereby improving the accuracy of textual similarity computation. Second, this study proposes a framework incorporating RoBERTa knowledge distillation, which integrates the deep semantic insights of the RoBERTa model with prior methodologies to enhance sentence embeddings while preserving computational efficiency. Additionally, the study extends its contributions to sentiment analysis tasks by leveraging the enhanced embeddings for classification. The sentiment analysis experiments, conducted using a Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) classifier on the ACL IMDB dataset, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, achieving high precision, recall, and F1 score metrics. To further augment model accuracy and efficacy, a feature selection approach is introduced, specifically through the Dynamic Principal Component Selection (DPCS) algorithm. The DPCS method autonomously identifies and prioritizes critical features, thus enriching the expressive capacity of sentence vectors and significantly advancing the accuracy of similarity computations. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods in semantic similarity computation on the SemEval-2016 dataset. When evaluated using cosine similarity of average vectors, our model achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient (τ) of 0.470, a Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) of 0.481, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.100. Compared to traditional methods such as Word2Vec, GloVe, and FastText, our method significantly enhances similarity computation accuracy. Using TF-IDF-weighted cosine similarity evaluation, our model achieved a τ of 0.528, ρ of 0.518, and an MAE of 1.343. Additionally, in the cosine similarity assessment leveraging the Dynamic Principal Component Smoothing (DPCS) algorithm, our model achieved a τ of 0.530, ρ of 0.518, and an MAE of 1.320, further demonstrating the method’s effectiveness and precision in handling semantic similarity. These results indicate that our proposed method has high relevance and low error in semantic textual similarity tasks, thereby better capturing subtle semantic differences between texts.
Vergleich eines deutschen und eines ungarischen Artikels über den russisch-ukrainischen Krieg aus sprachwissenschaftlichem Aspekt
Authors: Lóki Hanna
Published: December 2024

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem russisch-ukrainischen Krieg aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Sicht. Nach einer Einführung in die Diskurslinguistik und die diskurslinguistische Mehr-Ebenen-Analyse (kurz: DIMEAN) von Jürgen Spitzmüller und Ingo Warnke wird ein deutscher und ein ungarischer Artikel mithilfe des DIMEAN-Modells analysiert. Die zentrale Frage, die in dieser Arbeit behandelt wird, ist, inwiefern sich die Denkweise der Ungarn von der der Deutschen unterscheidet oder ob es überhaupt einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den beiden Denkweisen gibt.
Gereschlack: Wie hat die Zuwanderung der Finnen die Dorfkultur verändert?
Authors: Böhm Márton József
Published: December 2024

In den letzten zwanzig Jahren wurde das ungarndeutsch geprägte Dorf Gereschlack zum zumeist saisonalen Domizil von inzwischen über 150 Finnen, deren Präsenz im Dorf auch wegen ihrer aktiven Teilnahme am kulturellen und gemeinschaftlichen Leben deutlich wahrnehmbar ist und die Identität des Dorfes entscheidend mitprägt. Der Beitrag fokussiert sich auf die im Dorfbild, den Institutionen und der Dorfkultur sichtbaren Einflüsse der finnischen Zuwanderung und ergründet, inwiefern die Einheimischen zu Rezipienten finnischer Kultur und Gewohnheiten wurden.
DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY AND PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF FUTURE OFFICERS IN THE SYSTEM OF MILITARY HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: ILCHENKO O. , ZADOROZHNYI D.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the issue of formation of the military professional culture of future officers, with a special emphasis on the social and humanitarian component. The military professional culture is considered as a leading component of the training of future officers, which ensures the formation of not only professional skills, but also social and humanitarian values necessary for the effective performance of official duties. The importance of moral and ethical upbringing, civic responsibility, patriotism and the development of social skills in the training of military personnel is emphasized. The presented approach is based on the principles of unity of theory and practice, complexity, individual approach and continuity in the formation of professional culture. The systemic approach proposed in the article ensures the training of officers capable to perform service tasks effectively in the context of modern military challenges, in particular in the context of modern military operations. It is proved that the structure of training includes general military, vocational, social and humanitarian, and operational and strategic training that meets modern requirements for military education. Particular attention is paid to the cognitive factor, which contributes to the development of mental abilities, analysis and decision making, which are the key aspects for officers in the conditions of combat operations.
It is established that the formation of military professional culture of future officers in military higher education institutions (HEIs) is based on a number of principles (the principle of unity of theory and practice, the principle of purposeful upbringing of the personality, the principle of complexity, the principle of succession and continuity, the principle of individual approach, the principle of patriotism and national identity, the principle of adaptation to modern conditions, the principle of legal awareness and responsibility, the principle of leadership development) that ensure the effective formation of military and professional culture of future officers, promoting the development of their professional, moral and ethical qualities necessary to perform their duties in terms of modern military challenges.
The necessity of integrating the social and humanitarian component into the process of officers’ training, which contributes to the formation of comprehensively developed, morally stable and patriotic military personnel, is actualized.