bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability in the Duration of Designated Pediatric Orthopaedic Rotations Among US Residency Programs
Authors: Fan Bensen , Zhao Caixia , Sabharwal Sanjeev
Published: January 2021

Objective:

Our goal was to assess the variability in the assigned duration of pediatric orthopaedic rotation among US allopathic orthopaedic residency programs to see how pediatrics is incorporated into surgical education.

Methods:

Using publicly available information for US allopathic orthopaedic residency programs in 2019, we retrospectively collected data on the assigned duration of pediatric orthopaedic rotation and variables such as number and sex of residents, number of orthopaedic faculty, university- versus community-based programs, outsourcing residents to unaffiliated hospital for pediatric exposure, specialty of program leadership, and presence of pediatric orthopaedic fellowship in the home program.

Results:

One hundred thirty-eight of the 146 (95%) eligible allopathic orthopaedic residency programs provided sufficient information. The average time assigned to a pediatric rotation during residency was 6 months (range: 2 to 11 months). Overall, 43/146 (29%) programs outsourced their pediatric training to another institution. A correlation was noted between the length of pediatric rotation and percentage of pediatric orthopaedic faculty (P = 0.0007, r = 0.3).

Conclusions:

The impact of the variability in the duration of duration of pediatric orthopaedic rotation on the clinical knowledge and skills acquired by the resident during training needs further study.
A consideration of the torsional response of building frames
Authors: Rutenberg A.
Published: January 2021

History of elastic static procedures for the seismic analysis of torsionally unbalanced building structures is briefly reviewed. It is suggested that the provisions of NZS 4203:1976, accounting for modal coupling, are based on inconsistent interpretation of results from well known two-degrees-of-freedom models. An alternative dynamic procedure is described which, while retaining the basic two-dimensional features of NZS 4203:1976 torsional provisions, is equivalent to three-dimensional modal spectral analysis. The procedure also results in a substantial simplification of the analysis compared with standard dynamic computer techniques now available to the structural engineer.
Cyclic testing of a haunched reinforced concrete beam
Authors: Thurston S. J. , Charleson A. W.
Published: January 2021

This is a summary report of recent testing of a haunched reinforced concrete beam at the Ministry of Works and Development Central Laboratories. The testing will shortly be reported in greater depth in Ministry of Works and Development Central Laboratories Report No. 5-79/2.
Pukaki earthquake of 17 December 1978
Authors: Calhaem I. M.
Published: January 2021

Lake Pukaki is a natural lake but has been raised twice to provide water storage for power stations constructed or planned for the Upper and Middle Waitaki Hydro Schemes. The lake was first raised 9 metres in 1955 to give a depth of 71.5 metres and a volume of about 5 x 109 m3. A second dam, the Pukaki High Dam, was completed in 1978 to raise the lake a further 37 metres and add 5.5 x 109 m3 to the volume. This will create a lake with a maximum depth of 108 metres and a volume of more than 10 x 109 m3 .

In accordance with the recommendation of the 'UNESCO Working Group on Seismic Phenomena Associated with Large Reservoirs' (Adams, et al, 1973), the New Zealand Electricity Division of the Ministry of Energy installed a seismic network around Lake Pukaki comprising 8 vertical and 1 three-component seismometers. This has been operating continuously since June 1975.
Understanding Insurance Knowledge: A Brief 7-Item Measure
Authors: Allodi Evita , Bocchino Enrico M. , Stella Gian P.
Published: January 2021

The conceptualisation of the insurance culture and the identification of a standard measuring instrument are the first steps towards defining a literate consumer. Obviously knowledge, understood as the ability to understand and use concepts in a conscious way, is considered to be a key variable for measuring the levels of many conceptual definitions of literacy, so also for insurance literacy.

The aim of our research is precisely to verify the validity and reliability of a questionnaire that is composed of 7 questions that can represent a tool for measuring the level of insurance knowledge of consumers. The questions investigate the mere knowledge of insurance definitions and concepts, without going into too much detail about specific types of policies. To pursue this goal, a factor analysis has been conducted through a sample that is composed of 274 Italian respondents. The results show that those items are able to measure the basic insurance knowledge of a consumer.
Servir a los Trastámara aragoneses: el ascenso social de Pedro Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (†1487)
Authors: Elipe Jaime
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo analiza el ascenso social del caballero Pedro Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (†1487) mediante el estudio biográfico de su figura. De origen castellano, se integró en la corte del rey de Navarra Juan II —posteriormente también rey de Aragón—. Aunque destinado al servicio doméstico, comenzó a partir de la década de 1450 a ejercer de emisario, moviéndose por Nápoles, Navarra y Castilla de forma continua. El éxito en sus misiones le granjeó prestigio entre los principales nobles de su época y, sobre todo, la confianza absoluta de Juan II. Recibió tenencias, señoríos, un ventajoso matrimonio para sí y sus hijas y fue elevado a la ricahombría en Aragón. En sus últimos años colaboró tanto con su antiguo señor como con el futuro Fernando el Católico, quien vio en el anciano caballero la persona idónea para ejercer de tutor de su hijo bastardo don Alonso de Aragón, arzobispo de Zaragoza.
Brook, Timothy. El sombrero de Vermeer. Los albores del mundo globalizado en el siglo XVII (Barcelona, 2019)
Authors: Clapés Fontanet Berta
Published: January 2021

Ressenya del llibre:Brook, Timothy (2019).El sombrero de Vermeer. Los albores del mundo globalizado en el siglo XVIIBarcelona: Tusquets editores.
Evidence-Based Review of Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction
Authors: Agrawal Sumita , Gupta Nitesh , Gonuguntla Hari Kishan
Published: January 2021

Emphysema sequentially leads to the loss of gas exchanging surface and an abnormal shape of the diaphragm generating dyspnea refractory to standard medical therapy. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is a surgical treatment option for patients with severe emphysema whose symptoms are uncontrolled on standard therapy. Bronchoscopic LVR (bLVR) is a process by which lung volume reduction is achieved in a minimally invasive manner using bronchoscopy-guided insertion of valves, coils, sealants, or by thermal vapour ablation like techniques. These therapies have developed over the last few years and have variable results in patients. We have summarized the current evidence available on each of these methods in this review.
New Twist to An Old Problem: COVID-19 and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Upadhya Pratap , Chary Ravindra , Chawla Gopal , Vadala Rohit , Mohanty Madhusmita
Published: January 2021

Pandemic of COVID-19 has brought a pletho-ra of challenges throughout the world and has opened exposed gaps in already overburdened stressful health system [...]
Predicate structure and the semantics of the English modal 'should'.
Authors: Szymański Leszek
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study described in this paper is to verify whether the structure of a modal predicate influences the type of modality expressed by the English modal verb should. The study uses language samples excerpted from The Corpus of Contemporary American English. It has adopted the model of the semantic field of modal expressions proposed by Angelika Kratzer. Additionally, this framework has been used to determine types of modality in this study. The analysis focuses on the interaction within the semantic field of the modal should with various forms of the main verb within the modal predicate structure.

Struktura orzeczenia a semantyka angielskiego czasownika modalnego should. Streszczenie. Celem badania zreferowanego w tekście było ustalenie czy struktura orzeczenia modalnego wywiera wpływ na typ modalności wyrażanej przez angielski czasownik modalny should. Przedmiotowe badanie wykonano z wykorzystaniem próbek języka zebranych z Korpusu współczesnej amerykańskiej odmiany języka angielskiego (The Corpus of Contemporary American English). W celu jego przeprowadzenia zaadaptowano model pola semantycznego wyrażeń modalnych (the semantic field of modal expressions) zaproponowany przez Angelikę Kratzer. Model ten posłużył także do określenia typów modalności w badaniu. Analizie poddano interakcję w polu semantycznym czasownika should z różnymi formami czasownika głównego w obrębie struktury orzeczenia modalnego. Słowa kluczowe: modalność, orzeczenie modalne, znaczenie modalne, struktura orzeczenia
Problemy opisu zapożyczeń językowych w aspekcie diachronicznym (zapożyczenia wschodniosłowiańskie w staropolskiej terminologii bartniczej)
Authors: Kwaśnicka-Janowicz Agata
Published: January 2021

Artykuł podejmuje temat najstarszych zapożyczeń wschodniosłowiańskich w języku polskim rozpatrywanych na przykładzie wpływów ruskich w staropolskiej terminologii bartniczej. Uwzględniając trudności opisu zapożyczeń w obrębie bliskich sobie genetycznie języków słowiańskich, praca zawiera przegląd dotychczasowej literatury na temat najstarszych wpływów wschodniosłowiańskich w języku polskim. Zestawione kryteria wyodrębniania jednostek zapożyczonych w dobie staropolskiej służą próbie ustalenia metodologii opisu wpływów obcych w systemach blisko spokrewnionych. Wyjście poza opis cech systemowych (formalnych) oraz uwzględnienie aspektu semantycznego i pragmatycznego badanych jednostek pozwalają na lepszą weryfikację potencjalnych zapożyczeń wschodniosłowiańskich w języku (staro)polskim.

Problems with the description of loanwords in a diachronic perspective (East-Slavonic loanwords in Old Polish beekeeping terminology). Summary: The article discusses the oldest East-Slavonic loanwords in Polish, exemplified with Russian (Ruthenian) borrowings in Old Polish beekeeping terminology. Taking into account the difficulties in the description of loanwords in genetically close languages, we provide an overview of the literature to date on the oldest East-Slavonic influences in Polish. The criteria proposed for the identification of borrowed units in the Old Polish period are useful for the delineation of the methodology of loanword description in genetically close languages. Going beyond the description of systemic (formal) features and taking into account the semantic and pragmatic aspects of the analysed units allow a more credible verification of the potential East-Slavonic borrowings in Old Polish. Keywords: loanwords, East-Slavonic influences, Old Polish beekeeping terminology
Wybrane zagadnienia psychologizmu lingwistycznego Jana Baudouina de Courtenay i Karola Appla. Próba porównania.
Authors: Kowalski Mateusz
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest próbą porównania wybranych zagadnień ontologicznych, teoriopoznawczych i metodologicznych dwóch teorii naukowych, Jana Baudouina de Courtenay oraz Karola Appla, uznawanych za reprezentatywne dla tzw. psychologizmu lingwistycznego. Koncepcje te zostały objaśnione na tle założeń filozoficznych W. von Humboldta, F. le Dantec’a oraz H. Vaihingera, które stały się bezpośrednią inspiracją dla polskich uczonych. Autor, obok szeregu podobieństw, wykazuje wiele istotnych różnic dotyczących rozumienia relacji podmiot poznający – przedmiot poznania, pojęcia rzeczywistości, kryteriów prawdziwości, które skłaniają do pytania o możliwość zdefiniowania psychologizmu jako paradygmatu naukowego.

A comparative study of selected issues in Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s and Karol Appel’s theories of linguistic psychologism. Summary: This paper is an attempt to compare selected ontological, epistemological and methodological issues present in Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s and Karol Appel’s scientific theories, which are considered representative of the so-called linguistic psychologism. These concepts are explained in light of the philosophical assumptions of W. von Humboldt, F. le Dantec and H. Vaihinger, which served as a direct inspiration for Polish scholars. Apart from pointing to a number of similarities, the author also enumerates and discusses significant differences in the understanding of the relationship between the subject and the object of cognition, the notion of reality, and the criteria of truth which prompt the question of the possibility of defining psychologism as a scientific paradigm. Keywords: language, individual, psyche, psychologism, reality, cognition, experience, constructivism, fiction
EEG-Emulated Control Circuits for Brain-Machine Interface
Authors: Bozinovska Liljana , Adrijan Bozinovski
Published: January 2021

This paper reviews efforts in a new direction of the EEG research, the direction of EEG emulated control circuits. Those devices are used in brain computer interface (BCI) research. BCI was introduced 1973 as a challenge of using EEG signals to control objects external to the human body. In 1988 an EEG-emulated switch was used in a brain machine interface (BMI) for control of a mobile robot. The same year a closed loop CNV paradigm was used in a BMI to control a buzzer. In 2005 a CNV flip-flop was introduced which opened the direction of EEG-emulated control circuits. The CNV flip-flop was used for BMI control of a robotic arm in 2009, and for control of two robotic arms in 2011. In 2015 an EEG demultiplexer was introduced. The EEG emulated demultiplexer demonstrated control of a robotic arm to avoid an obstacle. The concept of an EEG emulated modem was also introduced. This review is a contribution toward investigation in this new direction of EEG research.
Graduate Medical Education Program Mergers: Key Aspects and Considerations
Authors: Gotsch Abigail , Harrison Meredith
Published: January 2021

The recent restructuring of the healthcare reimbursement system has led to financial pressure on all aspects of healthcare delivery. Naturally, this financial pressure will also trickle down to graduate medical education, resulting in mergers of residency programs. Historical examples of residency mergers will be presented and discussed in this chapter. Guidelines for merging residencies will be suggested for those programs undertaking this difficult process. These guidelines will address aspects of organization and leadership, educational philosophies and environment, program goals, culture, interpersonal relationships, communication, day-to-day operations, and finances. Special considerations for program mergers will also be discussed, including cultural differences, medical students, and surgical programs. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the relevancy of this information and important key concepts.
Climate Resilience, Megalopolis Vulnerability and Spatial Distribution
Authors: Ma Tao , Tan Nairong , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Hao , Zhou Mingxi
Published: January 2021

This chapter takes three megalopolises including Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as research objects, firstly analyzes the connection relationship and megalopolis vulnerability among core cities in the context of regional integration. Secondly, we calculate there megalopolises to obtain the vulnerability of each city in 2018 Sex index. The results show that the central cities and economically underdeveloped cities of the three megalopolises are relatively vulnerable areas in the urban agglomerations, and areas have low sensitivity and high response. Finally, policy suggestions for megalopolis are given to improve the adaptive capacity of tackling climate change. The innovation of this chapter is to use spatial data to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the vulnerability, and to realize visualization in the map, which better reflects the distribution law and proposes a response to megalopolis vulnerability.
Question of Livelihood in the Light of Disaster: With Special Reference to Flood of Bahraich, India
Authors: Pathak Keyoor , Subudhi Chittaranjan
Published: January 2021

Floods in India is a repetitive one due to natural reasons like excessive rain and man-made mistakes like encroachments of water bodies, heavy rain-falls and so on. The chapter is based on a field study of Bahraich, a district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Interestingly, the district shares its boundary to neighboring country Nepal that influences the occurrence of floods in the region. The district is also prosperous in water resources such as the great Ghaghara river and many small and big ponds and lakes are in the district that becomes a cause of sorrow in the rainy seasons. The key concern of the chapter is to understand the challenges of livelihood of the rural communities which is annually threatened by devastative floods.
3D Ionic Networked Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Nano Channeled Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Kumar Cheedarala Ravi
Published: January 2021

The power demand is increasing day by day owing to the diminishing of fossil fuel reserves on the globe. To overcome the future energy crises, there is a strong need to fulfill the energy loophole by novel technologies such as triboelectric nanogenerators to harvest miniature resources from renewable natural resources. Here, I discussed the synthesis and fabrication of novel triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using highly reproducible power generators as electropositive surfaces from the monomers of naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, benzdiene diamine, and sulfonated polyimide (Bno-Spi), and modified nonwoven carbon fibers (Wcf) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) as electronegative TENG electrodes, respectively. Here, novel double characteristic hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-channels concerned with Bno-Spi films were proposed through contact electrification process through ion and electron transfer by an electron-donor-acceptor complex mechanism. The proposed Bno-Spi-TENG system High triboelectric open circuit voltage 75 V (Voc) and short circuit current 1 μA (Jsc) have been achieved from Bno-Spi-TENGs, in particular, and for SO3H.Bno-Spi-TENG at 6 Hz. Besides that, we used improved knitted woven carbon fiber composite (wcf-COOH), as one of the TENGs to generate a greater open-circuit voltage (Voc), and short circuit current (Isc). Also, I aimed the contact and separation mode TENG which is using spring structure through oxidation of Wcf into Wcf-COOH followed by coupling of aniline through and one-step oxidative polymerization to get woven carbon fiber-polyaniline emraldine salt (Wcf-Pani.Es). The Wcf-PANI.Es composite film (thickness ~ 100 nm) shows the surface resistivity of 0.324 Ω m, and functions as a rubbing surface to produce charges through harvesting of energy using vertical contact-separation mode TENG. The vibrant exchanges of novel Wcf-Pani.Es, and PVDF membrane produced higher Voc of 95 V, and Isc of 180 μA, correspondingly. In specific, Wcf-Pani.Es -TENG is shown an enhancement of 498% of Voc concerning Wcf-COOH-TENG due to the availability of the Pani.Es layer. The novel Bno-Spi-TENGs and Wcf-Pani.Es are the potential candidates for fulfilling the need for improved energy harvesting devices as an alternate substantial choice for contact-separation mode TENGs.
Partial Enteral Nutrition in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Benedik Evgen , Urlep Darja , Orel Anija , Orel Rok
Published: January 2021

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has proven to be a highly effective treatment option in inducing remission in active Crohn’s disease (CD) in the paediatric population. In adults with CD, the results of meta-analyses demonstrated that therapy with corticosteroids was more effective in comparison with EEN. The most important limitation of the success of EEN treatment is patients’ compliance. Exclusivity of enteral nutrition and its substantial impact on the quality of life are the main reasons why EEN is not acceptable to many patients. Therefore, the treatment with partial enteral nutrition (PEN), where patients are allowed to eat some ordinary food besides enteral formulas, is becoming an important treatment option, not only in inducing, but also in maintaining remission in CD. However, strong evidence on the efficacy of PEN for induction and maintenance of CD remission is still lacking. Due to the excellent safety profile of the treatment with enteral nutrition in comparison with other treatment modalities, further well-designed, randomised, controlled studies are necessary to elucidate the exact role of PEN in inducing and maintaining of remission in CD patients. Herein, the most relevant studies on the efficacy and the role of PEN in active and quiescent CD are reviewed.
Investigation of Zn/Ni-Based Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of CO2to SYNGAS
Authors: Beheshti Mohammadali , Kakooei Saeid , Che Ismail Mokhtar , Shahrestani Shohreh
Published: January 2021

In the last decade, there is some research on the conversion of CO2 to energy form. CO2 can be converted to value-added chemicals including HCOOH, CO, CH4, C2H4, and liquid hydrocarbons that can be used in various industries. Among the methods, electrochemical methods are of concern regarding their capability to operate with an acceptable reaction rate and great efficiency at room temperature and can be easily coupled with renewable energy sources. Besides, electrochemical cell devices have been manufactured in a variety of sizes, from portable to large-scale applications. Catalysts that optionally reduce CO2 at low potential are required. Therefore, choosing a suitable electrocatalyst is very important. This chapter focused on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 by Zn-Ni bimetallic electrocatalyst. The Zn-Ni coatings were deposited on the low-carbon steel substrate. Electrochemical deposition parameters such as temperature in terms of LPR corrosion rate, microstructure, microcracks, and its composition have been investigated. Then, the electrocatalyst stability and activity, as well as gas intensity and selectivity, were inspected by SEM/EDX analysis, GC, and electrochemical tests. Among the electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction, the Zn65%-Ni35% electrode with cluster-like microstructure had the best performance for CO2 reduction reaction according to minimum coke formation (<10%) and optimum CO and H2 faradaic efficiencies (CO FE% = 55% and H2 FE% = 45%).
Reflections of Human In security Concept in the World of Twitter: The #European Hashtag
Authors: SÖNMEZ Pelin , AŞÇI Sinan
Published: January 2021

Security means the state of being free from danger, risk or threat. In social sciences, human security is an emerging paradigm shift concerning a person-centered, multi-disciplinary understanding of security involving a number of studies and human rights. According to Amartya Sen 2000 , “human security” is a keyword referring comprehensively everything free of the menaces that threaten the survival, daily lives, and dignity of individuals and to strengthening the efforts to confront these threats. On the other hand, “human insecurity” as a term stands for defining various situations where conflicts lead to perception of deprivation of some-kind, among certain people, in a given context Sirkeci, 2009 . Human insecurity affects migration movements in a way with the connection of 3Ds: namely democratic, development and demographic deficits. Accordingly, it is claimed that recent developments, the attempted coup on July 15, 2016 and the aftermath have made Turkey as a seemingly insecure place in reference to these 3Ds facilitating migration movements in and/or from the country. Sirkeci, 2017 According to the reports of Eurostat published in 2016, asylum applications filed by citizens of Turkey in European countries reached at 3779 in the third quarter comparing to the same quarter of 2015 at 985. After the attempted coup, this tendency seems on the rise, which actually signals us the fact that human insecurity perceptions among citizens. To evaluate this hypothesis, Twitter, as a public social media platform, based on the hashtags used by Turkish people, such as #avrupabirligi and #avrupabirliği in English “european ” was evaluated within the methodology content analysis.
Transmedya Hikayeciliği’nde Wattpad Örneği ve Okur Tercihlerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: YİĞİTBAŞI Kübra Güran
Published: January 2021

Yeni medya dolayımıyla izleyici/kullanıcının, alımlama/okuma alışkanlıkları değişime uğramıştır. Yeni medyanın interaktif katılıma imkan tanımasıyla, alıcı medya içeriğini tüketen olmasının yanı sıra içeriği üreten, şekillendirebilen bir nitelik de kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda alıcılar, anlatıya etki ederek içeriği dönüştürebilmektedir. Hedef kitlenin etkileşimini içeren bu anlatı tarzında, aynı içerik farklı platformlardan yayınlanarak daha geniş bir kitleye ulaştırılabilmektedir. Transmedya hikâye anlatıcılığı olarak adlandırılan bu kavrama göre, bir içerik çeşitlenerek birden fazla platformda alıcısına ulaşmaktadır. Çalışmada, kullanıcılara ücretsiz olarak, hikayelerini paylaşma ve diğer üyelerin paylaşımlarını okuma platformu sağlayan bir uygulama olan “Wattpad” bir transmedya hikaye anlatıcılığı örneği olarak ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak online bir hikaye okuma-yazma platformu şeklinde kullanıcısıyla buluşan Wattpad hikayeleri, basılı kitaplardan, sosyal ağlardaki hayran gruplarına ve sinema filmlerine kadar farklı mecralardan kitlesine ulaşmaktadır. Çalışmada yapılan araştırmada Wattpad okur kitlesinin tercih ve alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu okur/hayran kitlesinin, Wattpad okuma tercihleri, Wattpad’den nasıl haberdar oldukları, arkadaşlarına tavsiye etme, yazar ve yayıncılarla iletişim kurma durumları ve en çok beğendikleri kitap ve yazarlar araştırılmıştır. Wattpad kullanıcılarının genel durumlarını incelemek için bu araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden deneysel araştırma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezlerinden ilki, Wattpad okuma tercihinde arkadaş ve sosyal çevrenin etkisinin bulunduğudur. Bir diğer hipotez, Wattpad yazarları ile kurulan iletişimin okuma alışkanlıklarını olumlu yönde etkilediğidir. Sonuncu hipotez ise, Wattpad okurlarının beğendikleri içerikleri, transmedya biçiminde farklı mecralarda da takip etmeyi tercih ettikleri yönündedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda tüm hipotezlerin doğrulandığı görülmektedir. Wattpad okurlarının çoğunluğunun, yazarlarıyla iletişime geçmeyi tercih ettikleri, öncelikle mizahi ve sade bir dili olduğu için bu kitapları seçtikleri ve arkadaşlarının tavsiyesi ile okumaya başladıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Etik ve İnternet: BT Öğrencileri Üzerinde Güvenilirlik Ve Geçerlilik Çalışması
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Adem , İBİLİ Emin
Published: January 2021

Araştırmanın amacı bilişim bölümlerindeki lisans ve lisansüstü öğrencilerinin internet teknolojilerini etik kullanım düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılında üç farklı üniversitede öğrenim görmekte olan 491 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu ve internet etik kullanım ölçeği oluşturmaktadır. İnternet kullanım etiği ölçeği maddelerinin geçerliliği ise Lawshe tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İnceleme sonucuna göre 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde geçerlilik oranı 0.73 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin kapsam geçerlilik indeksi 0.95 olarak bulunmuş. Ölçeğin tamamı için ise Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0.916 bulunmuştur. Uzman görüşleri ve kapsam geçerlilik oranları doğrultusunda oluşturulan 38 maddelik ölçek formu Temel İlkeler, Dürüstlük, Güvenlik, Sağlıklı İnternet Kullanımı, Çevrimiçi Nezaket, Telif Hakkı olmak üzere altı boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 22 programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda kız öğrencilerin interneti etik kullanım düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu, ailelerinin gelir düzeyi arttıkça interneti etik kullanım düzeylerinin azaldığı ve öğrencilerin web tasarımı ve programlama düzeyleri arttıkça interneti etik kullanım düzeylerinin azaldığını bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öğrencilerin bölümlerine, interneti kulanım amaçlarına ve internet kullanım sürelerine göre öğrencilerin internetin etik kullanım düzeylerinin farklılaştığı bulunmuştur
Haereticorum baptisma. Aspetti della controversia battesimale tra Occidente e Oriente nel III secolo
Authors: Prinzivalli Emanuela ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2021

The present essay, starting from a close examination of the available sources, intends to retrace the historical dynamics of the controversy between Stephen of Rome and Cyprian of Carthage about single baptism. The analysis highlights more clearly than other studies the need to justify, because of the urgent context of the schism of Novatian, the legitimacy of the different traditions of the Churches, something previously taken for granted. The difficulty of this enterprise, combined with the imponderable human factor, represented by the personalities of the protagonists, generates misunderstandings. A further factor is the decisive role played by Dionysius of Alexandria in resolving the conflict, which confirmed the preferential relationship between Rome and Alexandria.
L’exégêse anti-origéniste de Jean Philopon
Authors: Fogielman Charles-Antoine ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2021

The main exegetical work of Jean Philopon, the De opificio mundi, which rehearses the literalist reading of Genesis found in the Basil of Caesarea’s Hexaemeron rather than an allegorical reading, uses a surprising hermeneutic given the general expectations of the era and in particular the Miaphysite milieu to which Philoponus belongs. This paper studies how Philoponus’ work stems from the demands of the Christological debate in which he took part, and offers an evaluation of its immediate aftermath.
L’antropologia agostiniana dell’imago Dei. Nota di aggiornamento della ricerca
Authors: Grossi Vittorino ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2021

In Augustinian reflection, the main problem of the imago Dei is the renewal of its image through being healed from lust, so as to regain the ordo amoris destroyed by sin. Current research investigates what the gratia Christi and charity contribute to the renewal of the image of God, at the level of a marriage bond that human race was given as part of the act of creation. This emerges as a primary element, both in the original state of man and in his recovery through the gratia Christi.
Constructing a nation branding model: The case of Serbia
Authors: Novčić-Korać Branka , Bradić-Martinović Aleksandra , Miletić Branislav
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to understand the concept and fundamental terms related to nation branding as a strategic tool for improving Serbia's international market position, a post-Communist and former Yugoslav country. The author intends to gain insight into Serbia's current brand perception as a developing country that can find an opportunity for rebirth and parting with the legacy implementation of the nation branding concept. The quantitative research methods were applied in this paper, and the questionnaire developed for the research investigated the perception of brand Serbia by leaning on Risitano's framework. Our analysis finds that national treasury, people, tourism and business destination were recognized as the most important points for country and nation positioning.
Cultural heritage: Right, identity and dignity: Right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage as a human right
Authors: Rakić Branko
Published: January 2021

In international human rights law established after World War Two, one of cultural rights that has been traditionally most neglected out of five categories of human rights (civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights), is the right to participation in cultural life, while its segment, by the nature of things, is also the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage. Although international human rights law thus establishes the basis for treating the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage as a human right, international acts dealing with the matters of cultural heritage protection have had a long-prevailing approach in which cultural goods were protected because of their inherent value. It was only recently, with the emerging needs and interests in respect of the safeguarding of cultural diversity and protection of intangible cultural heritage, that the emphasis began to be placed on the relationship, including the legal one, between cultural heritage and human communities, groups and individuals with a special subjective attitude towards it. That is how the human-rights based system of cultural heritage protection was gradually established and the segment of international law dealing with human rights was brought closer to the segment dealing with cultural heritage. In order to consider a right as a human right, apart from the will of law-makers to be like that, it also requires the existence of certain values which constitute the basis for it and which should be safeguarded through the protection of that human right. An understanding deriving from a series of international legal acts and being widespread in theory is that, when it comes to cultural rights, including the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage, such basis is constituted by identity, first of all cultural identity, and human dignity. Therefore, although the foundation is laid for the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage to be treated as a human right, it is necessary to clarify and elaborate, at the legal level, a number of questions which should ensure effective enjoyment of this right. The task is in the hands of states, either as participants in the adoption of international law acts or as national law-makers, so the question remains open as to the nature of their attitude to further development of the human-rights based system of cultural heritage protection.
Investigation of Bi2S3 oxidation process at elevated temperatures in the air atmosphere
Authors: Štrbac Nada , Sokić Miroslav , Mitovski Aleksandra , Gurešić Dejan , Božinović Kristina , Stojanović Jovica , Tomović Milica
Published: January 2021

Bismuth (III) sulfide has been widely researched in recent years due to its application, but little emphasis has been placed on research regarding its behavior at elevated temperatures. This is of great importance, considering that bismuth, in the form of Bi2S3, is found in copper sulfide concentrates and is considered one of the most harmful components, along with lead, arsenic and antimony. The removal of these substances is one of the basic tasks in the processes of pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, in order to obtain a high purity metal. In order to better understand the behavior of bismuth (III) sulfide during oxidation at elevated temperatures, this paper characterized the synthesized sample of Bi2S3 at room temperature and the oxidation products at 500 °C by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), as well as thermodynamic, thermal and kinetic analysis of the oxidation process of Bi2S3 at elevated temperatures. In order to understand the behavior of Bi2S3 during oxidation and the distribution of oxidation products, phase stability diagrams in the Bi-S-O system were constructed at different temperatures and the values of the Gibbs free energy change at 400 °C and 1000 °C were calculated. Kinetic analysis of Bi2S3 oxidation process was performed by Kissingers method in non-isothermal conditions.
Incident response as a key factor of defense
Authors: Đekić Milica
Published: January 2021

According to the ancient Chinese learning our world is governed by two opposite forces being Yin and Yang. Those forces are the force of offense and force of defense and by the same doctrine our world can be in harmony only if those two forces are in balance. The modern security experts would also see a security as a balance between attack and defense. So many defense professionals worldwide would approach their everyday tasks with such an assumption. The similar situation is with the cyber defense - the cybersecurity researchers and practitioners would see cyber defense as a balance between cyber attack and its defense. Also, this doctrine would get led with the theory that there are some passive and active principles in cyber defense. For instance, the passive principals are cyber prevention and monitoring, while the active principle is the incident response. The ongoing experience would suggest that the majority of marketplace actors would invest a lot into the passive factors of cyber defense, while the incident response would get less used due to some objective and realistic parameters. The main concern with the incident response is that it requires a lot of skills and expertise in order to get applied. There is the entire flow in a cybersecurity that would suggest that all three indicators of the cyber defense passive and active principles should get equally distributed. In addition, coping with such a concept so many cyber experts would see the incident response as a key pillar in a cyber defense. In this effort, we intend to provide a deep insight into such learning as well as provide some comments and discussions coming from our own research experience.
Neoliberalismen er et politisk projekt - Et interview med David Harvey
Authors: Skærlund Risager Bjarke
Published: January 2021

For 11 år siden udgav David Harvey bogen A Brief History of Neoliberalism, der nu er en af de mest citerede bøger om emnet. Årene efter udgivelsen har budt på nye økonomiske og finansielle kriser, men også nye bølger af modstand. Dette interview giver Harveys teori om neoliberalisme et eftersyn og undersøger, hvorvidt de mellemliggende år bør give anledning til en ændret forståelse af begrebet og fænomenet, og hvordan vi kan tænke og praktisere modstanden mod en stadig mere glubende kapitalisme.
Velfærdsstatens krise og neoliberalismens indtog i Danmark i 1970'erne
Authors: Olsen Niklas
Published: January 2021

This article traces the rise of neoliberalism in Denmark to the so-called crisis of the welfare state in the early 1970s, where a new liberal offensive was launched withinthe ranks of Venstre – The Liberal Party of Denmark. The article shows how new liberal ideas were launched by a generation of politicians who all connected the crisis of the welfare state to a growing public sector, which they regarded as inefficient and undemocratic. In the attempt to counter the crisis in question, they did not aim to abolish the welfare state but to reduce its size and change its content. The aim was first of all to create competition in the public sector. In this process, the liberal politicians launched new ideas concerning decentralization, free choice in the public sector, and economic growth, which formed the pillars of the new liberalism that was developed within Venstre in the 1970s.
An Investigation of the Underlying Linguistic Problems in the Translation of Surah Quraish into English: A Comparative Syntactic and Semantic Study
Authors: Mohammed Alhaj Ali Albashir
Published: January 2021

The current study aims at exploring some syntactic and semantic underlying problems in three English translations of the meanings of Surat Quraish; that is in English translations of Abdel-Haleem, Khan and Mohammed Taj Al-Din Al-Hilai and Pickthall. Also, the study aims at probing how the three translators deal with some syntactic and semantic underlying problems and constrains in their renderings of the meanings of Surat Quraish into English. Four Ayahs of Surat Quraish were purposefully selected to address the research questions and categorized into semantic, and syntactic problems. The study shows that there are some syntactic, and semantic underlying problems in the translation of the meaning of Surat Quraish into English rendered by Abdel-Haleem, Khan and Mohammed Taj Al-Din Al-Hilai and Pickthall. Moreover, the types of the syntactic, and semantic underlying problems are lack of cohesion and coherence as well as the translation strategies employed by the three translators. The study also recommends that translators of the Holy Quran must adopt footnotes, paraphrase, modulation, transposition and transliteration, and other translation strategies to avoid a probable loss of the intended meaning of the Message.
The Mechanical Properties of Granular Soils Injected by Silica Fume-Lime Mixtures
Authors: Kalkan Ekrem , Hartutlugil Hamza Furkan
Published: January 2021

Soil In this study, granular soil material was stabilized by using injection method under laboratory conditions. As additive, the mixtures of silica fume and lime were used for this experimental study. The mixtures that are turned into slurries by adding water were injected to the granular soil media prepared in the cylindrical plastic mold. Then these samples were cured for 1, 7 and 28 days. The end of curing time, all samples were tested in accordance with unconfined compressive tests and obtained unconfined compressive strength values of injected granular soil samples were compared with that of the natural granular soil samples. As a result, it is concluded that the he mixtures of silica fume and lime can be successfully used for the improve of granular soils in the geotechnical applications.
La entrega, la alteridad y la identidad Tres radicalidades de una ontología trinitaria en clave steiniana
Authors:   UCA, Bertolini Alejandro
Published: January 2021

Desde el inicio de la modernidad, la metafísica clásica fue objeto de las más variadas críticas. Entre los argumentos más conocidos está el de haber rigidizado el ser y el ente bajo el predominio de una sustancia de corte parmenídeo, que no logra dar cuenta de la alteridad, la diferencia, la gratuidad, lo imprevisible de la novedad histórica, el amor y la donación. El siglo xx se caracteriza por una intensa búsqueda de un nuevo giro ontológico que incorpore estas nociones como pilares del nuevo pensamiento. Entre los muchos y muy variados intentos encontramos a E. Stein, quien se anima a cruzar el Rubicón de los límites de la razón para elaborar una ontología de cuño trinitario. Partiendo de la novedad absoluta del ser como don de sí, su perspectiva permite enlazar tres magnitudes: la entrega de sí, la alteridad y la identidad de tal modo que el incremento de una redunda en el crecimiento proporcionalmente directo de las otras dos. En este artículo analizaremos los argumentos que permiten comprender este abordaje.
Addressing the Challenges of Containing Covid-19 Spread in a Rural, Poor Area in India: A Case Study
Authors: Finkel Madelon L. , Paul Biswajit , Isaac Rita , Weller David , Mackenzie James
Published: January 2021

The rapid spread of COVID-19 in 2020 has illustrated how transmissible, virulent, and unpredictable this novel coronavirus is. As of mid-December 2020, over 73.6 million cases have been recorded, with 1.64 million deaths attributed to the disease. This most probably is an underestimate given that testing has been spotty and that an unknown number of asymptomatic individuals are not counted in the statistics. Also, the difference between reported confirmed cases and deaths varies by country, with Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) bearing the highest burden [1].
Association between maternity harassment and depression during pregnancy amid the COVID-19 state of emergency
Authors: Kachi Yuko , Fujiwara Takeo , Eguchi Hisashi , Inoue Akiomi , Baba Sachiko , Ohta Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Akizumi
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Maternity harassment, known in English as pregnancy discrimination, remains prevalent in developed countries. However, research examining the mental health effects of maternity harassment is lacking. We aimed to examine the association between maternity harassment and depression during pregnancy in Japan.

Methods

A cross-sectional Internet survey was conducted on 359 pregnant employees (including women who were working at the time their pregnancy was confirmed) from May 22 to May 31, 2020, during which time a COVID-19 state of emergency was declared. Maternity harassment was defined as being subjected to any of the 16 adverse treatments prohibited by national guidelines. Depression was defined as a score of ≥9 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Japanese version). Logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Overall, 24.8% of the pregnant employees had experienced maternity harassment by supervisors and/or colleagues. After adjusting for demographics, pregnancy status, work status, and fear of COVID-19, pregnant employees who experienced maternity harassment were more likely to have depression than those who did not (odds ratio 2.48, 95% confidential interval 1.34-4.60). This association was not influenced by whether they were teleworking or not as a COVID-19 measure.

Conclusions

One quarter of pregnant employees experienced maternity harassment and had a higher prevalence of depression than those who did not. Being physically away from the office through teleworking may not reduce the effect of maternal harassment on depression. To protect the mental health and employment of pregnant women, employers should comply with the laws and take measures to prevent maternity harassment.
Oxygen‐Evolving Manganese Ferrite Nanovesicles for Hypoxia‐Responsive Drug Delivery and Enhanced Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Yang Kuikun , Yu Guocan , Tian Rui , Zhou Zijian , Deng Hongzhang , Li Ling , Yang Zhen , Zhang Guofeng , Liu Dahai , Wei Jianwen , Yue Ludan , Wang Ruibing , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: January 2021

Immunological tolerance induced by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been a major challenge for current immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Here, a hypoxia‐responsive drug delivery nanoplatform is reported to promote chemoimmunotherapy of cancer by overcoming the hypoxia‐induced immunological tolerance of tumors. The nanovesicles are assembled from manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFNs) grafted with hypoxia‐responsive amphiphilic polymers as the membrane, with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) loaded in the aqueous cavities. Under hypoxic conditions in tumors, the nanovesicles can rapidly dissociate into individual MFNs to release Dox and induce decomposition of tumor endogenous H2O2 for tumor hypoxia relief. As a result, the Dox‐loaded nanovesicles display remarkable suppression of primary tumor growth in combination with αPD‐L1‐mediated checkpoint blockade therapy. Furthermore, the modulation of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment facilitates a long‐lasting immunological memory effect to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, this hypoxia‐responsive nanoplatform presents a potential strategy for both local tumor treatment and long‐term protection against tumor recurrence.
Functional Passivation Interface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 toward Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Liu Wen , Li Xifei , Hao Youchen , Xiong Dongbin , Shan Hui , Wang Jingjing , Xiao Wei , Yang Huijuan , Yang Hong , Kou Liang , Tian Zhanyuan , Shao Le , Zhang Cheng
Published: January 2021

The fast capacity/voltage fading with a low rate capability has challenged the commercialization of layer‐structured Ni‐rich cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries. In this study, an ultrathin and stable interface of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM) is designed via a passivation strategy, dramatically enhancing the capacity retention and operating voltage stability of cathode at a high cut‐off voltage of 4.5 V. The rebuilt interface as a stable path for Li+ transport, would strengthen the cathode–electrolyte interface stability, and restrain the detrimental factors for cathode–electrolyte interfacial reactions, intergranular cracking and irreversible phase transformation from layered to spinel, even salt‐rock phase. The as‐optimized NCM displays a higher cyclability (i.e., 206.6 mA h g−1 at 0.25 C (50 mA g−1) with 92.0% capacity retention over 100 cycles) and a better rate capability (141.0 and 112.6 mA h g−1 at 12.5 and 25 C, respectively) than pristine NCM (205.0 mA h g−1 with 73.0% capacity retention at 0.25 C; 120.9 and 93.1 mA h g−1 at 12.5 and 25 C, respectively).