bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wurzelresorptionen permanenter Zähne im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Hirsch Christian
Published: September 2021

Im Unterschied zur physiologischen Resorption der Milchzähne stellt die Resorption permanenter Zähne immer einen pathologischen Prozess dar, der oft zum Verlust der betroffenen Zähne führt. Das Ausmaß des Phänomens ist nicht genau bekannt, da es sich bei Berichten in der Literatur meist um einzelne Kasuistiken handelt und systematische radiologische Studien nicht existieren. Für den Praktiker ist die wesentliche Frage die Abschätzung der Prognose für die betroffenen Zähne.
Gewinnung von Stammzellen aus Nabelschnurblut: Relevanz peripartaler
Faktoren für die Qualität von Transplantaten
Authors: Farina-Eckhardt Patricia , Granado Cristina , Mueller-Borer Doris , Schötzau Andreas , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. , Hösli Irene , Manegold-Brauer Gwendolin
Published: September 2021

Einleitung Nabelschnurblut (NSB) enthält hämatopoetische
Stammzellen mit therapeutischem Potenzial und einzigartigen zellulären
Eigenschaften. Aufgrund der begrenzten Anzahl an Stammzellen im NSB
(Surrogatmarker total nucleated cells, TNC) eignet sich nur jede fünfte
Spende für eine Transplantation. Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu
untersuchen, ob prädiktive Faktoren für eine TNC-Zahl
über der 99. Perzentile existieren.

Material und Methodik Retrospektive Datenanalyse der 100
größten NSB-Spenden (Top100-Kohorte) aus 2299 registrierten
Einheiten. Unterschiede zwischen maternalen, fetalen und geburtshilflichen
Faktoren wurden analysiert und mit einer standardisierten Kohorte von 731
NSB-Spenden verglichen.

Ergebnisse Das mütterliche Alter und der BMI in der Top100-Kohorte
waren höher als in der Vergleichskohorte (32 vs. 31 Jahre,
p=0,007; 30 kg/m2 vs. 29 kg/m2,
p=0,024). Es gab mehr Erstgebärende (76,0 vs. 62,8%,
p=0,013) und Gestationsdiabetikerinnen (5,00 vs. 1,65%,
p=0,044). Die Schwangerschaftswoche, das Geburtsgewicht, der Anteil
vaginal-operativer Geburten und sekundärer Sectiones war in der
Top100-Kohorte höher (40+4 vs. 40+1 SSW,
p=0,002), (3700 vs. 3450 g, p<0,001), (53,0 vs.
22,7%, p<0,001) (10 vs. 6,2%, p=0,014).

Fazit Für eine erfolgreiche Transplantation ist die Höhe
der TNC-Zahl entscheidend. Vaginal-operative Entbindungen, sekundäre
Sectiones und ein Geburtsgewicht über 3700 g sind
günstige Faktoren. Gerade bei Geburten mit einem pathologischen Verlauf
sollte nach sicherer Versorgung von Mutter und Kind nicht auf eine Entnahme
verzichtet werden.
Synthesis of a New Phorbazole and Its Derivatives
Authors: Muderawan I Wayan , Young David J. , Loughlin Wendy A.
Published: September 2021

Phorbazoles are chlorinated marine alkaloids containing pyrrole, oxazole and phenol ring units, and differ in the number and positions of chlorine atoms. They are isolated from sea sponges and nudibranchs. In this work, a convenient synthetic method leading to a new phorbazole and its derivatives is developed. This synthesis of synthetic phorbazole G and its derivatives is achieved in seven steps in good overall yields of 26–52%. It involves formation of the pyrrole-oxazole skeleton followed by chlorination. The pyrrole-oxazole skeleton is synthesized from pyrrole and substituted acetophenones, and the key step involves cyclodehydration of amide intermediates to give protected oxazoles, followed by hydrolysis.
Perioperative Outcomes of a Hydrocortisone Protocol after Endonasal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma Resection
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Collopy Sarah , Yu Siyuan , Karsy Michael , Chitguppi Chandala , Farrell Christopher J. , Evans James J.
Published: September 2021

Introduction In pituitary adenomas (PAs), the use of postoperative steroid supplementation remains controversial, as it reduces peritumoral edema and sinonasal complaints but disrupts the detection of adrenal insufficiency (AI). It is unclear whether postoperative cortisol supplementation has a measurable effect on improving outcomes in patients with pituitary adenoma undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS). The objective of the study was to evaluate a postoperative steroid treatment protocol on various surgical outcomes in patients with PA undergoing ETS.

Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients undergoing ETS from 2005 to 2020 for PA at a single tertiary academic center. Patients were divided into two groups: those managed by a routine postoperative glucocorticoid supplementation protocol (steroid protocol) and those who received supplementation based on postoperative cortisol laboratory assessment (steroid sparing protocol). Management was otherwise the same between groups. Evaluation of length of stay (LOS), sinonasal outcomes, 30-day readmission, and perioperative complications, including AI, were performed.

Results Among 535 patients, 21% (n = 111) received postoperative steroids, while the remainder (n = 424) did not. There were no differences in mean LOS (3 vs. 3 days, p = 0.72), sinonasal complaints (27 vs. 19%, p = 0.12), 30-day readmission (5% vs. 5%, p = 0.44), and perioperative complications (5 vs. 5%, p = 0.79) between both the groups. A multivariate model supported that both groups were comparable in predicting LOS, 30-day readmission, and complications. No reduction in readmission for AI was seen.

Conclusion Routine administration of postoperative glucocorticoids did not significantly improve patient outcomes in patients with PA who underwent ETS.
Learning from the past and present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation
Authors: Dada Sara , Battles Heather , Pilbeam Caitlin , Singh Bhagteshwar , Solomon Tom , Gobat Nina
Published: September 2021

In responding to the widespread impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have proposed and implemented documentation policies that confer varying levels of freedoms or restrictions (e.g., ability to travel) based on individuals’ infection status or potential immunity. Most discussions around immunity- or infection-based documentation policies have focused on scientific plausibility, economic benefit, and challenges relating to ethics and equity. As COVID-19 vaccines are rolled out, attention has turned to confirmation of immunity and how documentation such as vaccine certificates or immunity passports can be implemented. However, the contextual inequities and local variabilities interacting with COVID-19 related documentation policies hinder a one-size-fits-all approach. In this Comment, we argue that social science perspectives can and should provide additional insight into these issues, through a diverse range of current and historical examples. This would enable policymakers and researchers to better understand and mitigate current and longer-term differential impacts of COVID-19 immunity-based documentation policies in different contexts. Furthermore, social science research methods can uniquely provide feedback to inform adjustments to policy implementation in real-time and help to document how these policy measures are felt differently across communities, populations, and countries, potentially for years to come. This Comment, updated as of 15 August 2021, combines precedents established in historical disease outbreaks and current experiences with COVID-19 immunity-based documentation policies to highlight valuable lessons and an acute need for further social science research which should inform effective and context-appropriate future public health policy and action.
Classification of motor imagery using multisource joint transfer learning
Authors: Wang Fei , Ping Jingyu , Xu Zongfeng , Bi Jinying
Published: September 2021

As an important way for human-computer interaction, the motor imagery brain–computer interface (MI-BCI) can decode personal motor intention directly by analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, a large amount of labeled data has to be collected for each new subject since EEG patterns vary between individuals. The long calibration phase severely limits the further development of MI-BCI. To tackle this problem, multi-source joint domain adaption (MJDA) and multi-source joint Riemannian adaption (MJRA) algorithms are proposed in this paper. Both methods aim to transfer knowledge from other subjects to the current subject who has only a small amount of labeled data. First, the common spatial pattern with Euclidean alignment is used to select source subjects who have similar spatial patterns to the target subject. Second, the covariance matrices of EEG trials are aligned in Riemannian space by removing subject-specific baselines. These two steps are shared by MJDA and MJRA. In the last step, MJDA attempts to minimize the feature distribution mismatch in the Riemannian tangent space, while MJRA attempts to find an adaptive Riemannian classifier. Finally, the proposed methods are validated on two datasets: BCI Competition IV 2a and online event-related desynchronization (ERD)-BCI. The experimental results demonstrate that both MJDA and MJRA outperform the state-of-the-art approaches. The MJDA provides a new idea for the offline analysis of MI-BCI, while MJRA could make a big difference to the online calibration of MI-BCI.
Grid-based Vlasov simulation of collisionless plasma expansion
Authors: Cui Chen , Wang Joseph
Published: September 2021

Grid-based Vlasov simulations are carried out to re-evaluate the one-dimensional collisionless plasma expansion into vacuum. The grid-based method eliminates the inherent statistical noise in particle-based methods and allows us to extend the solution beyond the self-similar expansion region and resolve small electron timescale wave perturbations. It is shown that the expansion generates both an ion-acoustic rarefaction wave mode and an electron Langmuir wave mode that propagate into the unperturbed plasma upstream. The assumption used in the classical expansion solution that the electrons are an isothermal fluid is accurate within a quasi-neutral, self-similar expansion region but fails in both the upstream and downstream of that region due to electron timescale perturbations.
Large spin–orbit torque efficiency in PtBi2 film
Authors: Li Shangkun , Luo Yanxiang , Chen Qian , Lv Weiming , Song Yuhang , Liu Long , Zhao Xiaotian , Liu Wei , Zhang Baoshun , Zeng Zhongming
Published: September 2021

Bulk PtBi2 has attracted much attention for its topological semi-metallic electronic properties and highly promising applications in spintronics. Here, we report large spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency in the sputtered PtBi2 alloy with the trigonal-phase. From spin–torque-induced ferromagnetic resonance measurements, the SOT efficiency of 5 nm PtBi2 is estimated to be ∼0.2. Moreover, the spin Hall conductivity of PtBi2 [∼1 × 105 ℏ/2e (Ω m)−1] is comparable to that of topological materials, such PtTe2 and Bi2Te3. The PtBi2 film has much lower resistance than that of Bi-based topological materials, which makes it a useful candidate for application. The results suggest that the PtBi2 alloy is promising for applications in magnetic memory and logic devices driven by SOT.
Prediction of multiple dry–wet transition pathways with a mesoscale variational approach
Authors: Zhou Shenggao , Zhang Yanan , Cheng Li-Tien , Li Bo
Published: September 2021

Water fluctuates in a hydrophobic confinement, forming multiple dry and wet hydration states through evaporation and condensation. Transitions between such states are critical to both thermodynamics and kinetics of solute molecular processes, such as protein folding and protein–ligand binding and unbinding. To efficiently predict such dry–wet transition paths, we develop a hybrid approach that combines a variational implicit solvation model, a generalized string method for minimum free-energy paths, and the level-set numerical implementation. This approach is applied to three molecular systems: two hydrophobic plates, a carbon nanotube, and a synthetic host molecule Cucurbit[7]uril. Without an explicit description of individual water molecules, our mesoscale approach effectively captures multiple dry and wet hydration states, multiple dry–wet transition paths, such as those geometrically symmetric and asymmetric paths, and transition states, providing activation energy barriers between different states. Further analysis shows that energy barriers depend on mesoscopic lengths, such as the separation distance between the two plates and the cross section diameter of the nanotube, and that the electrostatic interactions strongly influence the dry–wet transitions. With the inclusion of solute atomic motion, general collective variables as reaction coordinates, and the finite-temperature string method, together with an improved treatment of continuum electrostatics, our approach can be further developed to sample an ensemble of transition paths, providing more accurate predictions of the transition kinetics.
Flexible megahertz organic transistors and the critical role of the device geometry on their dynamic performance
Authors: Leise Jakob , Pruefer Jakob , Darbandy Ghader , Nikolaou Aristeidis , Giorgio Michele , Caironi Mario , Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Kloes Alexander , Iñiguez Benjamin , Borchert James W.
Published: September 2021

The development of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) for high-frequency applications requires a detailed understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence their dynamic performance. This includes a wide range of properties, such as the device architecture, the contact resistance, parasitic capacitances, and intentional or unintentional asymmetries of the gate-to-contact overlaps. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the highest-performing flexible organic TFTs reported to date. For this purpose, we have developed the first compact model that provides a complete and accurate closed-form description of the frequency-dependent small-signal gain of organic field-effect transistors. The model properly accounts for all relevant secondary effects, such as the contact resistance, fringe capacitances, the subthreshold regime, charge traps, and non-quasistatic effects. We have analyzed the frequency behavior of low-voltage organic transistors fabricated in both coplanar and staggered device architectures on flexible plastic substrates. We show through S-parameter measurements that coplanar transistors yield more ideal small-signal characteristics with only a weak dependence on the overlap asymmetry. In contrast, the high-frequency behavior of staggered transistors suffers from a more pronounced dependence on the asymmetry. Using our advanced compact model, we elucidate the factors influencing the frequency-dependent small-signal gain and find that even though coplanar transistors have larger capacitances than staggered transistors, they benefit from substantially larger transconductances, which is the main reason for their superior dynamic performance.
High performance MoTe2/Si heterojunction photodiodes
Authors: Lei Wenyu , Cao Guowei , Wen Xiaokun , Yang Li , Zhang Pengzhen , Zhuge Fuwei , Chang Haixin , Zhang Wenfeng
Published: September 2021

We report the fabrication of high performance MoTe2/Si heterojunction photodiodes by direct growth of MoTe2 patterns on a commercial Si substrate by a feasible chemical vapor deposition method. The devices exhibit an ultrafast response speed with a rise/fall time of 5/8 μs, a broadband (400–1550 nm) photoresponse, a high on/off ratio of ∼104, and self-powered photo-detection with a zero bias responsivity of 0.26 A W−1 and a detectivity of 2 × 1013 Jones at 700 nm wavelength. The devices further show high stability in air for one month. This investigation offers the feasibility to fabricate high performance MoTe2/Si photodiodes for future vital optoelectronic applications.
Ultralow thermal conductivity in tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate
Authors: Yuan Chengyang , Zhang Zhongyin , Zhu Jie , Zhao Jiafei , Yang Lei , Zhang Lunxiang , Song Yongchen , Tang Dawei
Published: September 2021

The detailed knowledge of the low thermal conductivity of host–guest compounds is essential to improve our fundamental understanding of heat conduction in complex solids and develop high-performance thermoelectric materials. In this Letter, the intrinsic ultralow thermal conductivity (0.44 ± 0.06 W m−1 K−1 in 140–190 K) of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate is characterized by the time-domain thermoreflectance technique. The underlying heat conduction mechanism is further investigated by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We find that trapped THF molecules do harmonic motions and behave as parts of a crystalline structure, thus playing negligible roles in thermal conductivity reduction. The large unit cell and complex cage-like host structure dominate the low thermal conductivity of the THF hydrate.
Fundamentals of Laser Safety
Authors: Barat Ken
Published: September 2021

The goal of this section is to provide a review of the major items that are considered the core of laser safety and laser user awareness found in the traditional laser use settings. This includes Laser Hazard Classification, which sets the table for control measures. Biological effects of different wavelengths on the eye and skin. This helps the user determine what personal protection they may need and why. Standards and regulations are review. Theses, documents lay out the safety requirements for laser users. In addition, an explanation of the role of the laser safety officer who is tasked with evaluating the user's laser hazards and developing control measures. So with these basics behind them the reader can now advance to the chapters on specialized laser use environments and how laser safety folds into them.
Lasers in Art Conservation
Authors: Gibbons William R.
Published: September 2021

Lasers can be found in many devices and in different environments ranging from hospital operating rooms to large concert venues. In the 1970s, research began to explore applying lasers to a new field: art. Over time lasers have been used to help conserve various pieces of cultural importance all over the world. This chapter will introduce the reader to the lesser-known applications of lasers in art conservation. The reader will be provided an overview of how lasers are used to examine and clean pieces of art, as well as important steps to take to ensure the safe operation of lasers in these environments.
Astronomy: Ground-based guide to star systems
Authors: Rahmer Gustavo
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, we will explore the use of high-powered lasers in astronomy, specifically when used for the creation of “artificial stars” used as reference beacons to compensate for the distortions created by the atmosphere, through a technique known as “adaptive optics.” The fundamentals of the technique and the history of how lasers came to be used in that context are introduced. Then the two main ways of creating these artificial stars are described: one by exciting sodium atoms in the mesosphere and the other by taking advantage of the scattering of photons in the lower atmosphere.

As with any high-powered laser, safety is key to the operation of these systems, but this particular application brings new challenges that are specific to this application. As the laser beams are propagated into space, the laser operators need to be sure that they avoid affecting any aircraft flying overhead, and, in the case of U.S.-based observatories, any satellites, particularly Earth-looking ones.
Laser Use and Safety in Forensics
Authors: Barat Ken
Published: September 2021

Laser technology is making a major impact on crime analysis. This chapter reviews many of the laser technology applications in the field of forensics. The applications range from finding fingerprints and their identification, to the trajectory of bullets and analysis of trace evidence. Laser use in forensics takes place both in the field (crime scene), which requires special attention to laser safety controls, and in the more traditional laboratory setting. This chapter gives a brief review of various applications and then how laser safety considerations impact procedures and operations.
Biotechnology
Authors: Barat Ken
Published: September 2021

One setting where laser technology has helped make major advances is biotechnology. This is one of the many new technologies that are utilizing laser systems. The majority of laser products used in biotech laboratories are Class 1 products, meaning that during normal operation the equipment does not present any hazard to the user or staff around them. Because of this, most Class 1 product operators do not receive laser safety training or advice on precautions. But, once the unit is opened for service or maintenance, all this changes. Overconfidence and lack of awareness can easily lead to laser incidents for the owner as well as third-party vendors. Even if one is not injured, poor laser safety protocols can raise the apprehension level of users and cause delays in work output. Lack of a laser safety program or a poor program can raise insurance costs either because of the policy or claims. Happily, with proper attention to laser safety elements outlined in this chapter, such issues can be avoided.
Lasers under the Sea
Authors: Barat Ken
Published: September 2021

Lasers used underwater, while seldom thought of when listing laser technology applications, has been actively investigated for years. It is not a stagnant area of research and use, but expanding on many fronts. One unique item is that exposure hazards are not limited to people, but also include marine animals and plants. While a fair amount of laser use involves Class 3R products, the use of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers is increasing. Therefore, as with any laser technology where class 3B or Class 4 lasers are used, laser safety considerations need to be evaluated and addressed. The unique underwater environment raises challenges few other settings have to consider or deal with. This includes attenuation through different sea levels and constituents. The chapter tries to address and raise awareness of many related issues.
Accident Investigation: Finding Out What Happened
Authors: Barat Ken
Published: September 2021

In many of the settings and laser applications laid out in earlier chapters of this book, trying to find out what happened in the event of an laser incident, real or suspected, can be a challenge. Not only is laser safety officer (LSO) usually a part-time task for a staff member, but their technical knowledge of laser technology and related items may be extremely limited. Therefore, in case of a laser injury incident, perceived or real, finding out what happened and developing corrective actions can be a challenge. The chapter also deals with the perception of risk that staff may have due to their lack of a laser background. The chapter presents how to be prepared for a laser incident, as well as investigation techniques and templates.
Pre-Columbian fire management and control of climate-driven floodwaters over 3,500 years in southwestern Amazonia
Authors: Duncan Neil A. , Loughlin Nicholas J. D. , Walker John H. , Hocking Emma P. , Whitney Bronwen S.
Published: September 2021

Significance

The Chavín, Moche, Tiwanaku, and Inka are well-known pre-Columbian cultures, but during the same time, in the southwestern Amazon, people were transforming a 100,000-km
2
landscape over thousands of years. The extent of earthworks in the Llanos de Mojos has become clear since the 1960s, but dating these features has been difficult. We show that pre-Columbian people used hydrological engineering and fire to maximize aquatic and terrestrial resources beginning at least 3,500 years ago. In the 17th century CE, cattle and new technologies brought by Jesuit missions altered the form and function of these landscapes. The scale and antiquity of these Amazonian earthworks demand comparison with domesticated landscapes and civilizations from around the world.
Large herbivores suppress liana infestation in an African savanna
Authors: Coverdale Tyler C. , O’Connell Ryan D. , Hutchinson Matthew C. , Savagian Amanda , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Palmer Todd M. , Goheen Jacob R. , Augustine David J. , Sankaran Mahesh , Tarnita Corina E. , Pringle Robert M.
Published: September 2021

Significance

Declines of wild megafauna are expected to transform ecosystems and are known to influence tree–grass balance in African savannas, but the effects of large herbivores on lianas are unknown. Using diet analysis, long-term exclosure experiments, and smaller-scale manipulations, we show that liana infestation occurred rapidly after the loss of large herbivores and suppressed tree growth and reproduction. We show theoretically that extended absence of herbivores could potentially generate a liana-dominated alternative state—but both experimental and theoretical results indicate that herbivore reintroduction can reverse endemic infestation, even after decades. We found low functional redundancy among wild herbivore species and between wildlife and livestock. Our results suggest that diverse large-herbivore assemblages promote resilience and robustness of savannas to liana encroachment.
Individual choices and universal rights for drinking water in rural Africa
Authors: Hope Rob , Ballon Paola
Published: September 2021

Significance

Globally, four out of five people without safe drinking water live in rural areas. The human right to water identifies inalienable attributes of drinking water services in terms of affordability, proximity, quality, and reliability. It is unknown how specific attributes correspond to people’s priorities to address the multibillion-dollar costs of maintaining services in rural Africa to 2030. Evidence from Kenya indicates that improving reliability by repairing waterpoint faults within 2 d is the dominant attribute in securing user payments. Attributes of water quality and proximity register less support and seem more suited to public funding. Charting common ground between universal rights and individual choices can inform public policy in the design of sustainable funding for rural water service delivery.
Sense of place as an attitude: length of residence, landscape values and personal involvement in relation to a brief version of the Jorgensen and Stedman (2001) sense of place scale (El sentido de lugar como actitud: tiempo de residencia, valores paisajísticos, e implicación personal en la versión breve de la Escala de Sentido de Lugar de Jorgensen y Stedman, 2001)
Authors: Chesterman Adam , Lopez Alexia , Rateau Patrick
Published: September 2021

Sense of Place (SOP) can be defined as an attitude towards places, expressed through affective, cognitive and behavioural responses that can be operationalized using the SOP scale. However, this scale has not been explored in relation to factors of people-place bonds such as length of residence, personal involvement and landscape values. We conducted three studies to explore these factors in different populations, while also contributing to the validation of a reduced version of the scale. Study 1 ( N = 184) focused on its latent structure through EFA; study 2 ( N = 138) examined its links to length of residence and landscape values, and analysed data fit through CFA; study 3 ( N = 58) examined links between SOP, length of residence, landscape values and personal involvement, and the scale’s temporal stability. Results indicate a link between SOP and length of residence, personal involvement and some landscape values. They also support the validity of the reduced version of the scale as a unidimensional attitudinal construct, thus rendering it available for deployment in francophone samples.
Analysis of hidden-charm pentaquark molecular states with and without strangeness via the QCD sum rules *
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Xin Qi
Published: September 2021

In this study, we investigate the

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

pentaquark molecular states with and without strangeness via the QCD sum rules in detail, focusing on the light flavor,

, breaking effects, and make predictions for new pentaquark molecular states besides assigning

,

,

,

, and

self-consistently. In the future, we can search for these pentaquark molecular states in the decay of

,

, and

. Furthermore, we discuss high-dimensional vacuum condensates in detail.
Investigation of experimental observables in search of the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions in the STAR experiment *
Authors: Choudhury Subikash , Dong Xin , Drachenberg Jim , Dunlop James , Esumi ShinIchi , Feng Yicheng , Finch Evan , Hu Yu , Jia Jiangyong , Lauret Jerome , Li Wei , Liao Jinfeng , Lin Yufu , Lisa Mike , Niida Takafumi , Ray Robert Lanny , Sergeeva Masha , Shen Diyu , Shi Shuzhe , Sorensen Paul , Tang Aihong , Tribedy Prithwish , Van Buren Gene , Voloshin Sergei , Wang Fuqiang , Wang Gang , Xu Haojie , Xu Zhiwan , Yao Nanxi , Zhao Jie
Published: September 2021

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a novel transport phenomenon, arising from the interplay between quantum anomalies and strong magnetic fields in chiral systems. In high-energy nuclear collisions, the CME may survive the expansion of the quark-gluon plasma fireball and be detected in experiments. Over the past two decades, experimental searches for the CME have attracted extensive interest at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main goal of this study is to investigate three pertinent experimental approaches: the

correlator, the R correlator, and the signed balance functions. We exploit simple Monte Carlo simulations and a realistic event generator (EBE-AVFD) to verify the equivalence of the core components among these methods and to ascertain their sensitivities to the CME signal and the background contributions for the isobar collisions at the RHIC.
Influence of the impurities in the hybrid discharges with high power in JET ILW
Authors: Ivanova-Stanik I. , Challis C.D. , Chomiczewska A. , Hobirk J. , Huber A. , Kappatou A. , Lerche E. , Telesca G. , Zagórski R. , JET Contributors
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to numerically study the influences of the impurities on the high power hybrid discharges in the JET ITER-like wall (ILW) configuration in the DD and deuterium–tritium (DT) scenarios. Numerical simulations with the COREDIV code of hybrid discharges with 32 MW auxiliary heating, 2.2 MA plasma current and 2.8 T toroidal magnetic field in the ILW corner configuration are presented. In the simulations five impurity species are used: intrinsic: beryllium (Be) and nickel (Ni) from the side walls, helium (He) from DT reaction, tungsten (W) from divertor and extrinsic neon (Ne) or argon (Ar) by gas puff. The extrapolation of the DD discharges to DT plasmas at the original input power of 32 MW and taking into account only the thermal component of the alpha-power, does not show any significant difference regarding the power to the target with respect to the DD case. Simulations show that sputtering due to D and T is negligible. In contrast, the simulations at auxiliary heating 39 MW show that the power to the target is possibly too high to be sustained for about 5 s by strike-point sweeping alone without any control by Ne seeding. The tungsten is produced mainly by Ni, Be and seeded impurities.
Exact quench dynamics of symmetry resolved entanglement in a free fermion chain
Authors: Parez Gilles , Bonsignori Riccarda , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: September 2021

The study of the entanglement dynamics plays a fundamental role in understanding the behaviour of many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. In the presence of a globally conserved charge, further insights are provided by the knowledge of the resolution of entanglement in the various symmetry sectors. Here, we carry on the program we initiated in Parez et al (2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 L041104), for the study of the time evolution of the symmetry resolved entanglement in free fermion systems. We complete and extend our derivations also by defining and quantifying a symmetry resolved mutual information. The entanglement entropies display a time delay that depends on the charge sector that we characterise exactly. Both entanglement entropies and mutual information show effective equipartition in the scaling limit of large time and subsystem size. Furthermore, we argue that the behaviour of the charged entropies can be quantitatively understood in the framework of the quasiparticle picture for the spreading of entanglement, and hence we expect that a proper adaptation of our results should apply to a large class of integrable systems. We also find that the number entropy grows logarithmically with time before saturating to a value proportional to the logarithm of the subsystem size.
Antibacterial plastic made from the composite of silica immobilized with variation of EDTA-Cu and chitosan
Authors: Wogo H E , Nama M I B , Ola A R B
Published: September 2021

The research is aimed at examining the influence of Cu and chitosan for the antibacterial properties of the plastics made from the composite of Silica gel immobilized with EDTA-Cu and Chitosan. The production of antibacterial plastics consisted of several stages including (1) preparing rice husk ash as the precursor solutions of sodium silicate; (2) producing silica gel immobilized by various Cu concentration (0.001M, 0,0001M, and 0,00001 M); (3) producing antibacterial plastic and examining its water absorption and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The result showed that silica immobilized by EDTA-CU could inhibit the growth of bacteria with diameter of zone inhibition observed at 13.3 mm and 12.3 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the immobilized silica was synthesized into plastics with several variation of mass from chitosan (0.3; 0.5; and 0.7 grams). The antibacterial tests revealed an increase of bacterial inhibition by plastic products with immobilized silica having diameter of zone inhibition for Escherichia coli observed at 14.2 mm greater than Staphylococcus aureus with diameter of zone inhibition at 13.3 mm when tested in total highest chitosan. In contrast, water absorption of the plastic declined (58.33%; 45.45%; 36.36%) as the mass of chitosan increased (0.3; 0.5; 0.7). This indicated that higher mass of chitosan is able to reduce the absorption of water by the plastics but it can enhance the antibacterial properties of the plastic. The research also emphasized that higher concentrations of Cu are correlated with higher antibacterial activity of the plastic.
A modified sinusoidal perturbation on a two distinguishable spin

−12

particles system
Authors: Lalus H F , Mala H U , Hali A S , Bani M D S
Published: September 2021

We analyze a quantum system of two distinguishable spin

−

1
2

particles subjected to modified sinusoidal perturbation of the form

V
(
t
)
=
(

V
0

+

V
1

x
+

V
2

y
+

V
3

z
)

e

−
γ
t
/
τ

cos
(
ω
t
)

σ
→

1

·

x
^

;
0
<
t
<
τ

; where γ is a real positive number; V
0, V
1, V
2, V
3 are real constants and have very small values; x = r sin θ cos ϕ; y = r sin θ sin ϕ; = z = r cos θ;

σ
→

1

is the Pauli matrix for the first particle, and

x
^

, is the three-dimensional position operator in spherical coordinates; V(t) is zero when t ≤ 0 and t ≥ τ. We use the time-dependent perturbation theory to solve this problem. Initially, we define the initial system state before being subjected to perturbation, namely

|
000
;
00
〉

, and the final state of the form

|
n
l
m
;
S
M
〉
≡
|
n
l
m
〉
|
⊗
S
M
〉

. The total spin state

|
S
M
〉

actually contains the linear combination of the states of each particle. Next, we calculate the expected value of

〈
n
l
m
;
S
M
|
V
(
t
)
|
00
;
000
〉
000
〉

is used in calculating the probability amplitude

C
n

(
τ
)

, and then this form is used to analyze the conditions required for the transition to occur. From the results of the analysis, we present various conditions which include the conditions for n, l, m, M, S; constants V
1, V
2 and V
3; and the relationship between τ and γ; so that the transition process can occur. We have also presented the energy emission and absorption processes that this type of perturbation phenomenon might produce in the system under study.
Application of boundary element method on 2-D laplace equation and its error analysis
Authors: Bilaku A , Lobo M , Kleden M A
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of Elliptic boundary value problems is often found in everyday life, such as the problem of water infiltration in the soil, the problem of static heat conduction and the problem of wave propagation. Laplace equation is one of the elliptic equations that is mostly employed in formulating various problems in engineering studies. The analytic solution of Laplace Equation that has irregular domain and involve mixed boundary conditions is not always possible. To overcome the problem, a numerical method called Boundary Element Method (BEM) can be employed. In this study, a BEM is applied to solve the 2-D Laplace Equation. The domain considered in the study is a square shape with length and width of 1 unit. The procedures of the BEM application are basically starting with the transformation of the governing equation into boundary integral equation (BIE) followed by the discretization of the BIE to form a Linear Algebra Equation System to be solved using any available package programs. The results show that when the domain is discretised to 80 segments, the numerical solutions have the smallest error production compared to those of 20 and 40 segments.
Feature extraction Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) and Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) for identification of woven fabric motifs in South Central Timor Regency
Authors: Lesiangi F S , Mauko A Y , Djahi B S
Published: September 2021

South Central Timor (TTS) is one of the districts that has a weaving culture and also produces woven cloth in East Nusa Tenggara. The many types of woven fabric from each TTS tribe makes outsiders and even native TTS people do not recognize the typical TTS woven fabric, therefore we need a system that can help facilitate the community in recognizing the type and motif of woven fabric. In this study, digital image processing is used to identify the type of woven fabric in the TTS district using the HSV color feature extraction method, and the GLCM texture feature, and to measure the similarity of woven fabric using the Euclidean distance method. The image data of the woven fabric used is the image of woven fabric from 3 tribes of TTS district, namely the Amanatun, Amanuban, and Mollo tribes. Identification of woven fabric motifs using the K-fold cross validation test with two stages, namely the training and testing stages. The results of testing variants using 10 fold get an accuracy rate for GLCM texture features of 55%, for HSV color features of 62.5% and a combination of color and texture features of 91.67%.
Digital image processing: Offline handwritten signature identification using local binary pattern and rotational invariance local binary pattern with learning vector quantization
Authors: Kette E K D , Sina D R , Djahi B S
Published: September 2021

The Handwritten signature is one of the authentication tools that humans have to determine the authenticity of a file or document. The difference between offline and online handwritten signatures is that offline signatures requires a scanner while online signatures use a stylus. The feature extraction methods used are Local Binary Pattern (LBP), uniform LBP, LBP 8 rotation, and uniform LBP 8 rotation. Learning algorithm used is Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). This study used 200 images data, derived from 20 participants handwritten signature with contribution of 10 signatures each participants. Training data and test data will be divided based on the k-fold cross validation classification then tested based on 4 groups of data sets with certain parameters. Data set 1 consisted of 5 participants, data set 2 consisted of 10 participants, data set 3 consisted of 15 participants, and data set 4 consisted of 20 participants. The best system performance results with the highest accuracy are in training and testing of data set 1 with maximum of 100 iteration for each method. The results of system accuracy is very affected by total number of participants used, which is the more the number of participants with signatures processed, the accuracy will be reduced. The detailed results of system performances accuracy using data set 1 for the LBP extraction method obtained an accuracy of 84%, uniform LBP obtained an accuracy of 90%, LBP 8 rotation obtained an accuracy of 86%, and LBP 8 uniform rotation obtained an accuracy of 80%.
Embodiment design of Moringa Oleifera rotary dryer using VDI 2221 method
Authors: Bale J , Tarigan B V , Siagian W B O
Published: September 2021

In order to find the solution to the current problems of drying process of Moringa Oleifera in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT)-Indonesia such as requiring a large enough space and power, expensive, non-ergonomic and need to turn the leaves over at least once manually using hand during the drying process that can contaminate the process, a new suitable drying method is necessary. Therefore, embodiment design of drying method using VDI 2221 method was studied. The results indicated that a new suitable drying method of moringa oliefera using VDI 2221 method can be made by successfully designing and manufacturing a rotary dryer based on the selection of the best concept from a variety of existing design concepts. In summary from the perspective of engineering design, after testing, the rotary dryer was suitable and can be used to solve current problems of drying process of Moringa Oleifera in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia.
Analysis of slope stability based in the spencer method on the ring road section, Sikumana. Kupang City
Authors: Krisnasiwi I F , Sundari W
Published: September 2021

The analysis of slope stability is on of most common solution that use to answer any problems about landslide. On aplicate it, how to know the parameters that always we used on analysed slope stability is the basic way to can calculate it detail. The perameter like slope dimensions, soil sample (disturb and undisturb), and laboratory test. In this case, the slope stability is used Spencer’s Method as a of the limit equilibrium method, and in other word a a merge method of moment equilibrium (Bishop’s Method) and force equilibrium (Janbu’s Method). The soil samples are taken from the along of slope surface for 3 points, above, in the middle, and the bellow. On laboratory test we have to get the parameters like cohesi (c), friction angle (ɸ), and unit weight (γ). This analyse is to know the safety factor (Sf) value from the slope at 40 road. From the research, the slope is maked by homogeny soil, clay from the noele formation. And we can get the material properties for the samples respectly, unit weight: 16,80 kN/m3, cohesi (c): 4,88 kPa, friction angle (ɸ): 39,320 (first sample); unit weight (γ): 15,97 kN/m3, Cohesi (c): 5,08 kPa, friction angle (ɸ): 26,200 (second sample); unit weight (γ): 15,48 kN/m3, cohesi (c): 5,28 kPa, friction angle (ɸ): 26,200. And the FoS value is 0,548 base on Sencer’s Method calculate. So, is maked some slope design recommendations to get the stability condition of the slope (SF>1), are SF1=1,610; SF2=1,410.
Multi-lingual Speaker Recognition based on Asymmetric Convolution and Central Loss Function
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Hamdulla Askar , Ablimit Mijit
Published: September 2021

In order to solve the problem of poor speaker recognition performance on multi-language corpus on convolutional neural networks and large amount of calculations on multiple parameters, this paper draws on asymmetric convolution and center loss (Center Loss) functions to improve and optimize the ResNet model. And perform speaker recognition tasks in the Chinese-Uyghur corpus. The results show that, compared with the original model, the improved model has higher accuracy, fewer parameters, and reduced computational complexity.
Knowledge Graph Completion Based on the Joint Embedding of Entities
Authors: Liu Luwei , Zhu Cui , Zhu Wenjun
Published: September 2021

As the last step in the process of knowledge graph construction, knowledge graph completion predicts and inferences new factual triples according to the existing knowledge, which is of great significance to the downstream application of the knowledge graph. The knowledge graph completion technology learns representations of entities and relations in the knowledge graph and reconstructs triples factual relations in the representation space to measure their effectiveness, so as to predict and supplement entities and relations. At present, Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) is widely used in entity modeling, which combines the graph structure information to learn the vector representation of entities. However, most algorithms only focus on static knowledge graph completion, ignoring the important role of time in the knowledge graph, and the modeling of entities is not comprehensive enough. In this paper, a knowledge graph completion based on the joint embedding of entities is proposed, which combines structural feature embedding of the graph and dynamic embedding of entities to carry out multi-level learning of entities to improve the effect of entity prediction. Structural feature embedding of the graph takes advantage of the powerful feature aggregation capability of GCN to integrate the knowledge graph as the topological structure and node features of graph data into the representation learning of entities. Dynamic embedding of entities takes advantage of the characteristics that entities will behave in different states at different times and divides the entity features into two parts for learning. One part of the features changes dynamically over time and the other part retains its static properties. In this paper, the probability model ConvTransE is used to construct the model of relations and triples, ConvTransE uses the convolutional neural network to extract the semantic information of the triples and predict the missing elements. We have conducted experiments on public datasets and achieved better results on Hit@K and MRR.
Curved path planning based on 3D vision water immersion ultrasonic nondestructive testing
Authors: Chen Zheng , Wang Jian , Zhang Hualiang
Published: September 2021

Compared with traditional 2D image processing, 3D point cloud processing has become a hot technology in the industry, but there are few researches applied to nondestructive testing of curved workpieces. This article aims at the non-destructive testing of curved workpieces, using 3D point cloud and robotic arm for water immersion ultrasonic non-destructive testing. Aiming at the 3D point cloud with many outliers, using the commonly used filter in two-dimensional images-the guide filter, the algorithm is improved and used for the filtering and downsampling of the 3D point cloud, and the adjustment of the curved surface workpiece and the robot arm's pose is introduced. Finally, the workpiece was scanned by a robotic arm with a water immersion ultrasonic nondestructive testing system to prove the feasibility of the experiment and improve the detection efficiency of traditional nondestructive testing technology.