bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of celery (Apium graveolens) on metabolic syndrome: A review of the existing evidences
Authors: Hedayati Narges , Bemani Naeini Mehri , Mohammadinejad Arash , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad
Published: August 2019

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of multiple conditions that includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and hyperglycemia disorders. Most studies revealed that the MetS is accompanied with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance. It can be said that, in treating or preventing the MetS and its components, lifestyle adjustment and weight loss have a vital role. According to various studies, among natural compounds, celery (Apium graveolens) is one of the most important sources of phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols, and antioxidants such as vitamin C, beta‐carotene (Provitamin A), and manganese. These antioxidants have a role in decreasing the oxidative damage. The phytochemicals in celery decrease the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and prevent inflammation. Also, flavonoids in celery suppress cardiovascular inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation in the blood stream are the main risk factors in increasing cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis. Celery phthalides leads to expanding of smooth muscle in the blood vessels and lower blood pressure. As a result, the most active ingredients in celery (A.graveolens(have shown hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and hypotensive properties. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of celery components on insulin action, glucose, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure.
Robust resilient control for parametric strict feedback systems with prescribed output and virtual tracking errors
Authors: Gao Shigen , Dong Hairong , Zheng Wei
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the robust resilient control problem for a class of parametric strict feedback nonlinear systems with prescribed output and virtual tracking errors performance. The resilience is governed by a continuously nonlinear control gains function, which endows the virtual and actual controllers with self‐adjusting abilities with respect to transformed error surfaces. The proposed control scheme is adaptation, estimation, and approximation‐free in the presence of unknown parameters and nonlinearities, and only a number of control gains, which is equal to the relative degree of the considered plants, need to be selected in applications. It is proved by rigorous analysis that the output tracking errors are confined in predefined prescribed performance functions under some nonrestrictive initial conditions, and the bounds of states are obtained characterized as control gains and systemic function‐associated constants. Finally, comparative illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A neural composite dynamic surface control for pure‐feedback systems with unknown control gain signs and full state constraints
Authors: Liu Wei , Ma Qian , Lu Junwei , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Zhengqiang
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates a composite neural dynamic surface control (DSC) method for a class of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems in the case of unknown control gain signs and full‐state constraints. Neural networks are utilized to approximate the compound unknown functions, and the approximation errors of neural networks are applied in the design of updated adaptation laws. Comparing the proposed composite approximation method with the conventional ones, a faster and better approximation performance result can be obtained. Combining the composite neural networks approximation with the DSC technique, an improved composite neural adaptive control approach is designed for the considered nonlinear system. Then, together with the Lyapunov stability theory, all the variables of the closed‐loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded. The infringements of full state constraints can be avoided in the case of unknown control gain signs as well as unknown disturbances. Finally, two simulation examples show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed results.
A robust constrained model predictive control scheme for norm‐bounded uncertain systems with partial state measurements
Authors: Franzè G. , Mattei M. , Ollio L. , Scordamaglia V.
Published: August 2019

A robust model predictive control scheme for a class of constrained norm‐bounded uncertain discrete‐time linear systems is developed under the hypothesis that only partial state measurements are available for feedback. The proposed strategy involves a two‐phase procedure. Initialization phase is devoted to determining an admissible, though not optimal, linear memoryless controller capable to formally address the input rate constraint; then, during on‐line phase, predictive capabilities complement the designed controller by means of N steps free control actions in a receding horizon fashion. These additive control actions are obtained by solving semidefinite programming problems subject to linear matrix inequalities constraints. As computational burden grows linearly with the control horizon length, an example is developed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for realistic control problems: the design of a flight control law for a flexible unmanned over‐actuated aircraft, where the states of the flexibility dynamics are not measurable, is discussed, and a numerical implementation of the controller within a nonlinear simulation environment testifies the validity of the proposed approach and the possibility to implement the algorithm on an onboard computer.
Adaptation of an assessment system for establishing a River Physical Quality Index and testing its effectiveness with fish‐based metrics in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Casey Keat‐Chuan , Ooi Peter Aun‐Chuan , Wong Wey‐Lim , Khoo Gideon
Published: August 2019

This study shows how the Stream Visual Assessment Protocol Version 2 that originated from United States was readapted to formulate the River Physical Quality Index (RPQI) for Malaysia. The approach emphasizes that it is not necessary to “reinvent the wheel” as globally, there are already a range of established best practices in developed countries to emulate. The proposed RPQI protocol was tested on four eco‐hydrological zones in Kampar River for 18 months to measure and detect temporal and spatial physical impairment induced by natural and anthropogenic factors. To be relevant to the Malaysian context, local fish community structure metrics were deployed to test and validate RPQI sensitivity and effectiveness. The results showed that RPQI values were able to reflect river physical degradation and correlated strongly with most fish‐based metrics. However, the RPQI values were weakly linked to fish population abundance and evenness metrics. The results implied that species niche responses need to be considered when applied for testing river assessment system, particularly when introduced species are present. The novel insights provided herein are constructive to inform similar endeavours in other Southeast Asia tropical countries for testing river physical assessment systems with biological metrics.
Monitoring upstream fish passage through a Mississippi River lock and dam reveals species differences in lock chamber usage and supports a fish passage model which describes velocity‐dependent passage through spillway gates
Authors: Finger Jean Sebastien , Riesgraf Andrew Thomas , Zielinski Daniel Patrick , Sorensen Peter William
Published: August 2019

Nearly 200 fish were released below Lock and Dam 2 (LD2) in the Upper Mississippi River and tracked to determine both whether and how they passed through this structure, and if passage could be explained using a computational fish passage model (FPM) which combines hydraulics with fish swimming performance. Fish were either captured and released downstream of LD2 in Pool 3 or captured in Pool 2 (upstream of LD2) and displaced below LD2. Tagged fish were tracked using 13 archival receivers located across LD2. Approximately 90% of all fish approached LD2 many times with the displaced species likely attempting to home. Of 112 common carp, 26% passed through LD2 with 15% (most) going through the lock and 6% through the spillway gates. Similar values were seen for bigmouth buffalo. In contrast, although 42% of 31 channel catfish passed through the lock, only 3% went through the gates. Finally, of 22 walleye, only 14% passed through the lock and none through the gates. Ninety percent of all documented passages through the spillway gates occurred when the gates were out of the water and water velocities through these gates were at their lowest levels, an attribute described and predicted by the FPM at LD2. This study strongly suggests that fish passage through spillway gates of LDs is determined by water velocity and can be predicted with a FPM, whereas passage through locks is determined by species‐specific behavioural preferences. Both attributes could be exploited to reduce passage of invasive carp at certain locations.
Influence of Nanopillar Arrays on Fibroblast Motility, Adhesion, and Migration Mechanisms
Authors: Beckwith Kai S. , Ullmann Sindre , Vinje Jakob , Sikorski Pawel
Published: August 2019

Surfaces decorated with high aspect ratio nanostructures are a promising tool to study cellular processes and design novel devices to control cellular behavior. However, little is known about the dynamics of cellular phenomenon such as adhesion, spreading, and migration on such surfaces. In particular, how these are influenced by the surface properties. In this work, fibroblast behavior is investigated on regular arrays of 1 µm high polymer nanopillars with varying pillar to pillar distance. Embryonic mouse fibroblasts (NIH‐3T3) spread on all arrays, and on contact with the substrate engulf nanopillars independently of the array pitch. As the cells start to spread, different behavior is observed. On dense arrays which have a pitch equal or below 1 µm, cells are suspended on top of the nanopillars, making only sporadic contact with the glass support. Cells stay attached to the glass support and fully engulf nanopillars during spreading and migration on the sparse arrays which have a pitch of 2 µm and above. These alternate states have a profound effect on cell migration rates. Dynamic F‐actin puncta colocalize with nanopillars during cell spreading and migration. Strong membrane association with engulfed nanopillars might explain the reduced migration rates on sparse arrays.
Unraveling In Vivo Brain Transport of Protein‐Coated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds
Authors: Moscariello Pierpaolo , Raabe Marco , Liu Weina , Bernhardt Sandra , Qi Haoyuan , Kaiser Ute , Wu Yuzhou , Weil Tanja , Luhmann Heiko J. , Hedrich Jana
Published: August 2019

Nanotheranostics, combining diagnostics and therapy, has the potential to revolutionize treatment of neurological disorders. But one of the major obstacles for treating central nervous system diseases is the blood–brain barrier (BBB) preventing systemic delivery of drugs and optical probes into the brain. To overcome these limitations, nanodiamonds (NDs) are investigated in this study as they are a powerful sensing and imaging platform for various biological applications and possess outstanding stable far‐red fluorescence, do not photobleach, and are highly biocompatible. Herein, fluorescent NDs encapsulated by a customized human serum albumin–based biopolymer (polyethylene glycol) coating (dcHSA‐PEG) are taken up by target brain cells. In vitro BBB models reveal transcytosis and an additional direct cell–cell transport via tunneling nanotubes. Systemic application of dcHSA‐NDs confirms their ability to cross the BBB in a mouse model. Tracking of dcHSA‐NDs is possible at the single cell level and reveals their uptake into neurons and astrocytes in vivo. This study shows for the first time systemic NDs brain delivery and suggests transport mechanisms across the BBB and direct cell–cell transport. Fluorescent NDs are envisioned as traceable transporters for in vivo brain imaging, sensing, and drug delivery.
Compound‐Droplet‐Pairs‐Filled Hydrogel Microfiber for Electric‐Field‐Induced Selective Release
Authors: Deng Xiaokang , Ren Yukun , Hou Likai , Liu Weiyu , Jiang Tianyi , Jiang Hongyuan
Published: August 2019

The separate co‐encapsulation and selective controlled release of multiple encapsulants in a predetermined sequence has potentially important applications for drug delivery and tissue engineering. However, the selective controlled release of distinct contents upon one triggering event for most existing microcarriers still remains challenging. Here, novel microfluidic fabrication of compound‐droplet‐pairs‐filled hydrogel microfibers (C‐Fibers) is presented for two‐step selective controlled release under AC electric field. The parallel arranged compound droplets enable the separate co‐encapsulation of distinct contents in a single microfiber, and the release sequence is guaranteed by the discrepancy of the shell thickness or core conductivity of the encapsulated droplets. This is demonstrated by using a high‐frequency electric field to trigger the first burst release of droplets with higher conductivity or thinner shell, followed by the second release of the other droplets under low‐frequency electric field. The reported C‐Fibers provide novel multidelivery system for a wide range of applications that require controlled release of multiple ingredients in a prescribed sequence.
Fabrication of Flexible and Transparent Conductive Nanosheets by the UV‐Irradiation of Gold Nanoparticle Monolayers
Authors: Nishimura Tatsuya , Ito Naoyuki , Kinoshita Kazuhiko , Matsukawa Mizuki , Imura Yoshiro , Kawai Takeshi
Published: August 2019

Conductive films that are highly transparent and flexible are extremely attractive for emerging optoelectronic applications. Currently, indium‐doped tin oxide films are the most widely used transparent conductive films and much research effort is devoted to developing alternative transparent conductive materials to overcome their drawbacks. In this work, a novel and facile approach for fabricating transparent conductive Au nanosheets from Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) is proposed. Irradiating an AuNP monolayer at the air–water interface with UV light results in a nanosheet with ≈3.5 nm thickness and ≈80% transparency in the UV–visible region. Further, the so‐fabricated nanosheets are highly flexible and can maintain their electrical conductivity even when they are bent to a radius of curvature of 0.6 mm. Fourier‐transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the transformation of the monolayer of AuNPs into the nanosheet is induced by the photodecomposition and/or photodetachment of the dodecanethiol ligands capping the AuNPs. Further, the UV‐irradiation of a hybrid monolayer consisting of AuNPs and silica particles affords the patterning of Au nanosheets with periodic hole arrays.
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Graphitic Nanocapsules for Raman Detection, Imaging, and Therapy
Authors: Liu Zhangkun , Li Shengkai , Xia Xin , Zhu Zhaotian , Chen Long , Chen Zhuo
Published: August 2019

Benefiting from their unique physicochemical properties, graphitic nanocapsules with a core–shell structure have attracted tremendous interest in bioanalysis and biomedicine recently. Using rational design, various types of graphitic nanocapsules with controllable properties are prepared to meet the demands of different biomedical applications. Graphitic nanocapsules exhibit excellent stability and superior capacity for loading nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, and drugs due to the large specific surface area of their graphitic shells. Moreover, using the unique Raman bands of graphitic shells with large scattering cross‐sections, graphitic nanocapsules are applied in Raman‐based detection and imaging. Various types of nanocapsules with superior optical and magnetic properties are available for multimodal imaging applications. By making full use of the intrinsic near‐infrared optical absorbance of the graphitic shell and specific metal core, graphitic nanocapsule‐based light‐mediated therapies are realized, showing superior performance in the killing of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria, as well as anti‐tumor therapeutic efficacy in animal experiments. This review summarizes the synthesis, properties, and functionalization of graphitic nanocapsules and discusses the recent advances in Raman detection and imaging, multimodal imaging, and light‐mediated therapy, including concerns related to toxicity. Future prospects of graphitic nanocapsules in biomedical applications are also highlighted.
Efficient construction of concrete shells by Pneumatic Forming of Hardened Concrete: Construction of a concrete shell bridge in Austria by inflation
Authors: Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann
Published: August 2019

Concrete shells are very efficient structures, spanning wide areas with very little construction material. Unfortunately the formwork needed to erect concrete shells is still very labor and material intensive. An alternative construction method which is more time and resource friendly is Pneumatic Forming of Hardened Concrete. A simple air cushion in combination with additional post‐tensioning tendons are used to transform a flat concrete plate into a double curved shell. This paper describes the design and construction of the first practical large‐scale application of this building method for the construction of the deer pass “AM 2” over the newly built two‐track rail Koralmbahn in Carinthia in the south of Austria. The plan measurements of the bridge are 36.2 m by 38.7 m with the height of the shell from the top edge of the foundations to the vertex mounting to 7.6 m. Within the construction process a flat 100 mm thick hardened concrete plate with a weight of 546 t was lifted to the designed double curved shell. This thin concrete shell served as lost formwork for the final bridge.
Unified design approach for systems engineering by integrating model‐based systems design with axiomatic design
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Li Hao , Tang Chengtong , Zhang Xu , Wen Xiaoyu
Published: August 2019

Model‐Based Systems Design (MBSD) formalizes the application of system modeling. However, it is still difficult for designers to implement MBSD in practice. One of the challenges is to make the field of design more unified, as different MBSD methodologies focus on specific areas, and various designers from different areas use ambiguous terms. Moreover, the failure of some products originates in undiscovered couplings of functions in the design stage. Axiomatic Design (AD) provides a scientific foundation for system design. In order to reduce ambiguity and alleviate functional couplings, this paper integrates AD with the MBSD and proposes a unified systems design approach, called Axiomatic Model‐Based Systems Design (A‐MBSD). A‐MBSD uses four pillars: (a) the fundamental framework of AD; (b) the Independence Axiom; (c) a new behavior domain (BD); and (d) an A‐MBSD modeling profile. Finally, the design of a Forest Fire Satellite Monitoring and Control System demonstrates that the proposed approach can improve unity and alleviate the coupling of functions in a system design.
Representation of knowledge for a NASA stakeholder value model
Authors: Clerkin Joseph H. , Mesmer Bryan L.
Published: August 2019

A challenge in the representation of preferences for government stakeholders is the valuation of benefits. In for‐profit companies, benefits are typically calculated as the company's revenue, with centuries of literature supporting different estimations for the benefit of revenue. Government stakeholders are much more difficult to develop value models for because of the lack of benefit‐side valuation research. In its pursuit of understanding the theory of systems engineering, the NASA Systems Engineering Research Consortium has examined value models as mathematical representations of preferences, with a focus on NASA‐related stakeholders. This article leverages the Consortium work and develops an outline for a NASA stakeholder value model, based on NASA documentation, with key benefit attributes of knowledge, prestige, and the avoidance of catastrophes. The attribute of knowledge is specifically explored in this article. Knowledge‐related evidence from previous NASA missions are collected and analyzed. A discussion describes how such knowledge‐related evidence can be used to inform the systems engineer on preliminary, evidence‐based attribute and value relationships useful in value model formation. Future research avenues for knowledge‐focused benefits for value models are also discussed.
Extreme events and climate adaptation‐mitigation linkages: Understanding low‐carbon transitions in the era of global urbanization
Authors: Solecki William , Grimm Nancy , Marcotullio Peter , Boone Christopher , Bruns Antje , Lobo Jose , Luque Andres , Romero‐Lankao Patricia , Young Andrea , Zimmerman Rae , Breitzer Rebekah , Griffith Corrie , Aylett Alexander
Published: August 2019

It has become increasingly clear that cities will have to simultaneously undertake both adaptation and mitigation in response to accelerating climate change and the growing demands for meaningful climate action. Here we examine the connections between climate mitigation and climate adaptation, specifically, between low‐carbon energy systems and extreme events. The article specifically addresses the question, how do responses to extreme climate risks enhance or limit capacity to promote city‐level greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation? As a step toward answering this question, we present a framework for considering windows of opportunity that may arise as a result of extreme events and how these windows can be exploited to foster development and implementation of low‐carbon energy strategies. Four brief case studies are used to provide empirical background and determine the impact of potential windows of opportunity. Some general conclusions are defined. In particular, the existing energy system structure is an important determinant of impact and potential for energy transitions. Well‐developed and articulated governance strategies and ready access of effective and economically efficient alternative energy technology were key to transitions. However, prospects for inequity in development and implementation of low‐carbon solutions need to be considered. Finally, exploiting windows of opportunity afforded by extreme events for developing low‐carbon economy and infrastructure also can provide resilience against those very events. These types of responses will be needed as extreme events increase in frequency and magnitude in the future, with cities as primary sites of impact and action.

This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
A parametric investigation of blood flow in a wedge with non‐uniform viscosity and wall friction
Authors: Nagler Jacob
Published: August 2019

The radial planar wedge pattern flow with friction and normalized non‐uniform viscosity function will be discussed here. Solving this problem will be done using the flow theory equations for Newtonian and Non‐Newtonian cases with non‐uniform viscosity assumption. General differential equation that connects between the normalized velocity profile and the normalized viscosity has been derived analytically from the flow equations. It was found that for specific wedge semi angle, the radial assumption is no longer valid for the flow velocity. Moreover, it was found that for inlet/outlet conditions the normalized mean hydrostatic pressure for Newtonian fluid is dependent on the geometry, the normalized velocity and the viscosity functions. In addition, it was found that inertia phenomenon can be neglected for small wedge semi angle. A comparison between the axial and the hydrostatic pressure distributions for inlet/outlet conditions was performed for Newtonian and non‐Newtonian flows. Finally, it was found that the axial pressure distribution profile was converged to the hydrostatic profile for critical wedge semi angle.
On SUSY-breaking moduli spaces of AdS7 vacua and 6D SCFTs
Authors: Junghans Daniel , Zagermann Marco
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We study supersymmetric AdS7 vacua of massive type IIA string theory, which were argued to describe the near-horizon limit of NS5/D6/D8-brane intersections and to be holographically dual to 6D (1,0) theories. We show, for the case without D8-brane charges, that such vacua do not admit any supersymmetry-breaking deformations. Our result implies that the dual (1, 0) theories do not have a conformal manifold, thus extending previously known results for supersymmetric deformations. It is also in line with the recent conjecture that non-supersymmetric AdS vacua are in the swampland.
Defects in Jackiw-Teitelboim quantum gravity
Authors: Mertens Thomas G. , Turiaci Gustavo J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We classify and study defects in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity. We show these are holographically described by a deformation of the Schwarzian theory where the reparametrization mode is integrated over different coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group. We show that the quantization of each coadjoint orbit is connected to 2d Liouville CFT between branes with insertions of Verlinde loop operators. We also propose an interpretation for the exceptional orbits. We use this perspective to solve these deformations of the Schwarzian theory, computing their partition function and correlators. In the process, we define two geometric observables: the horizon area operator Φhand the geodesic length operatorL(γ). We show this procedure is structurally related to the deformation of the particle-on-a-group quantum mechanics by the addition of a chemical potential. As an example, we solve the low-energy theory of complex SYK with a U(1) symmetry and generalize to the non-abelian case.
Linearized field equations of gauge fields from the entanglement first law
Authors: Hasegawa Kenta , Tanii Yoshiaki
Published: August 2019

Abstract

In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence linearized field equations of vector and antisymmetric tensor gauge fields around an AdS background are obtained from the entanglement first law of CFTs. The holographic charged entanglement entropy contains a term depending on the gauge field in addition to the Ryu-Takayanagi formula.
Matching quantum string corrections and circular Wilson loops in AdS4 × CP3
Authors: Medina-Rincon Daniel
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Recent progresses in the computation of quantum string corrections to holographic Wilson loops are extended to the case of strings in AdS
4 × CP
3. For this, the ratio of

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS circular and

$$ \frac{1}{6} $$

1
6

-BPS latitude fermionic Wilson loops in ABJM is considered at strong coupling by studying the corresponding semiclassical string partition functions. Explicit evaluation of fluctuation determinants using phaseshifts and diffeomorphism in-variant regulators leads to exact matching with the recent field theory proposal. Key to this computation is the choice of boundary conditions for massless fermions. In the limit for which the latitude Wilson loop has a trivial expectation value, the long known localization result for the

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS fermionic circular Wilson loop in ABJM is recovered.
On the high-scale instanton interference effect: axion models without domain wall problem
Authors: Reig Mario
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We show that a new chiral, confining interaction can be used to break PecceiQuinn symmetry dynamically and solve the domain wall problem, simultaneously. The resulting theory is an invisible QCD axion model without domain walls. No dangerous heavy relics appear.
Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications
Authors: Song Chan Woo , Park Jong Myoung , Chung Sang Chul , Lee Sang Yup , Song Hyohak
Published: August 2019

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
Outpatient healthcare access and utilization for neonatal abstinence syndrome children: A systematic review
Authors: Van Horn Adam , Powell Whitney , Wicker Ashley , Mahairas Anthony D. , Creel Liza M. , Bush Matthew L.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The objective of this study was to systematically assess the literature regarding postnatal healthcare utilization and barriers/facilitators of healthcare in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) children.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science to identify peer-reviewed research. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed articles reporting on broad aspects of primary and specialty healthcare utilization and access in NAS children. Three investigators independently reviewed all articles and extracted data. Study bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Scale and the National Institute of Health Study Quality Assessment Tool.

Results:

This review identified 14 articles that met criteria. NAS children have poorer outpatient appointment adherence and have a higher rate of being lost to follow-up. These children have overall poorer health indicated by a significantly higher risk of ER visits, hospital readmission, and early childhood mortality compared with non-NAS infants. Intensive multidisciplinary support provided through outpatient weaning programs facilitates healthcare utilization and could serve as a model that could be applied to other healthcare fields to improve the health among this population.

Conclusions:

This review investigated the difficulties in accessing outpatient care as well as the utilization of such care for NAS infants. NAS infants tend to have decreased access to and utilization of outpatient healthcare following hospital birth discharge. Outpatient weaning programs have proven to be effective; however, these programs require intensive resources and care coordination that has yet to be implemented into other healthcare areas for NAS children.
Hegel on Purpose
Authors: Laitinen Arto , Sandis Constantine
Published: August 2019

In this paper we propose a new interpretation of Hegel's views on action and responsibility, defending it against its most plausible exegetical competitors.1Any exposition of Hegel will face both terminological and substantive challenges, and so we place, from the outset, some interpretative constraints. The paper divides into two parts. In part one, we point out that Hegel makes a number of distinctions which any sensible account of responsibility should indeed make. Our aim here is to show that Hegel at least has the materials for a sensible and nuanced account, whatever the precise details of how they hang together. Part two then turns to a hard question concerning the relation of two different aspects of our deeds to responsibility. We consider five alternate ways of relieving the tension in Hegel's text, before putting forth our own preferred solution.
SkyMapper Southern Survey: Second data release (DR2)
Authors: Onken Christopher A. , Wolf Christian , Bessell Michael S. , Chang Seo-Won , Da Costa Gary S. , Luvaul Lance C. , Mackey Dougal , Schmidt Brian P. , Shao Li
Published: August 2019

We present the second data release (DR2) of the SkyMapper Southern Survey, a hemispheric survey carried out with the SkyMapper Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia, using six optical filters: u, v, g, r, i, z. DR2 is the first release to go beyond the

$\sim\!18$

mag (10

$\sigma$

) limit of the Shallow Survey released in the first data release (DR1), and includes portions of the sky at full survey depth that reach

$>\!21$

mag in g and r filters. The DR2 photometry has a precision as measured by internal reproducibility of 1% in u and v, and 0.7% in griz. More than 21 000

$\deg^2$

have data in some filters (at either Shallow or Main Survey depth) and over 7 000

$\deg^2$

have deep Main Survey coverage in all six filters. Finally, about 18 000

$\deg^2$

have Main Survey data in i and z filters, albeit not yet at full depth. The release contains over 120 000 images, as well as catalogues with over 500 million unique astrophysical objects and nearly 5 billion individual detections. It also contains cross-matches with a range of external catalogues such as Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS1 DR1, GALEX GUVcat, 2MASS, and AllWISE, as well as spectroscopic surveys such as 2MRS, GALAH, 6dFGS, and 2dFLenS.
Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes
Authors: Malumpong C. , Cheabu S. , Mongkolsiriwatana C. , Detpittayanan W. , Vanavichit A.
Published: August 2019

The reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes ofHsfgenes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of sixHsfAgenes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of theHsfA2agene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.
Predictors of treatment resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review of prospective observational studies
Authors: Smart S. E. , Kępińska A. P. , Murray R. M. , MacCabe J. H.
Published: August 2019

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia, affecting approximately 20–30% of patients with schizophrenia, has a high burden both for patients and healthcare services. There is a need to identify treatment resistance earlier in the course of the illness, in order that effective treatment, such as clozapine, can be offered promptly. We conducted a systemic literature review of prospective longitudinal studies with the aim of identifying predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia from the first episode. From the 545 results screened, we identified 12 published studies where data at the first episode was used to predict treatment resistance. Younger age of onset was the most consistent predictor of treatment resistance. We discuss the gaps in the literature and how future prediction models can identify predictors of treatment response more robustly.
Voting for Victors: Why Violent Actors Win Postwar Elections
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman
Published: August 2019

Why do citizens elect political actors who have perpetrated violence against the civilian population? Despite their use of atrocities, political parties with deep roots in the belligerent organizations of the past win postwar democratic elections in countries around the world. This article uses new, cross-national data on postwar elections globally between 1970 and 2010, as well as voting, survey, archival, and interview data from El Salvador. It finds that belligerents’ varied electoral success after wars can be explained not by their wartime levels of violence or use of electoral coercion, but by the distribution of military power at the end of conflict. It argues that militarily stronger belligerents are able to claim credit for peace, which translates into a reputation for competence on the provision of security. This enables them to own the security valence issue, which tends to crosscut cleavages, and to appeal to swing voters. The stronger belligerents’ provision of security serves to offset and justify their use of atrocities, rendering their election rational. This article sheds light on political life after episodes of violence. It also contributes to understanding security voting and offers insights into why people vote in seemingly counterintuitive ways.
Theory of Mind in Mild Cognitive Impairment – Relationship with Limbic Structures and Behavioural Change
Authors: Michaelian Johannes C. , Mowszowski Loren , Guastella Adam J. , Henry Julie D. , Duffy Shantel , McCade Donna , Naismith Sharon L.
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

Older adults presenting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have a higher risk of developing dementia and also demonstrate impairments in social cognition. This study sought to establish whether in people with MCI, poorer theory of mind (ToM) was associated with volumetric changes in the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as early changes in behaviour.

Methods:

One hundred and fourteen people with MCI and fifty-two older adult controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), while close informants (e.g., spouse/family member/friend/carer) described any current behavioural changes using the Revised Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R). A subsample of participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:

The MCI group showed poorer performance on all neuropsychological tests administered, and moderate reductions on the RMET compared to the control group (d = .44), with greater reduction observed in those with amnestic compared to non-amnestic MCI (p = .03). While a robust correlation was identified between poorer RMET performance and smaller hippocampal volume in the control group (ρ = .53, p = .01), this relationship was not apparent in the MCI group (ρ = .21, p = .11). In the MCI group, poorer RMET performance was associated with poorer everyday skills (ρ = −.26, p = .01) assessed by the CBI-R.

Conclusions:

Our findings cross-validate previous reports that social cognitive deficits in ToM are a feature of MCI and also suggest that disruptions to broader neural networks are likely to be implicated. Furthermore, ToM deficits in MCI are associated with a decline in everyday skills such as writing or paying bills.
Shut Up and Play: Black Athletes, Protest Politics, and Black Political Action
Authors: Towler Christopher C. , Crawford Nyron N. , Bennett Robert A.
Published: August 2019

The convergence of sports and celebrity can have a powerful influence on everyday politics, especially for groups underrepresented in mainstream American society. This article examines the relationship between race, celebrity, and social movements, specifically Colin Kaepernick’s protest of police violence and whether his activism mobilizes black Americans to political action. Using the 2017 Black Voter Project (BVP) Pilot Study, we explore African American political engagement in the 2016 election, a time devoid of President Obama as a mobilizing figure. We find African Americans who strongly approve of Kaepernick’s protest engage in politics at elevated rates, even after accounting for alternative explanations. Moreover, approval for Kaepernick also moderates other forces rooted in group identity, such as identification with the Black Lives Matter movement. In the end, Kaepernick and the protest movement he leads offers a powerful mobilizing force for African Americans.
The BVIT: from Flare Stars to the Search for ET
Authors: Welsh B. Y. , Vallerga J. , Siegmund O. H. W. , Wheatley J. , Kotze M.
Published: August 2019

The Berkeley Visible Image Tube (BVIT) has been a user instrument on the SALT 10-m telescope for the past six years. It can observe transient astrophysical phenomena occurring on time-scales of micro-seconds. This overview presented some recent observations of a dMe flare star, and discussed the recent results of our optical Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (OSETI) around nearby exoplanet-hosting stars.
The Next Generation Transit Survey
Authors: Burleigh M.
Published: August 2019

This talk introduced and described the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS), which is a new ground-based transit survey operating at the ESO Paranal Observatory. NGTS has been designed to achieve better photometric precision than previous ground-based surveys; it aims to detect Neptune-sized planets around Sun-like stars, and sub-Neptunes around M dwarfs that are sufficiently bright for radial-velocity confirmation and mass determination. NGTS is also optimised for ground-based follow up of exoplanet candidates from TESS and PLATO. I presented early results from the survey, and described the status of our HARPS radial-velocity and SAAO photometric follow-ups of exoplanet candidates.
Early Blue Excess from the Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv
Authors: Hosseinzadeh G.
Published: August 2019

This paper presented very early, high-cadence photometric observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2017cbv. The light-curve is unique in that during the first five days of observations it has a blue bump in the U, B, and g bands which is clearly resolved by virtue of our photometric cadence of 5.7 hr during that time span. We modelled the light-curve as the combination of an early shock of the supernova ejecta against a non-degenerate companion star plus a standard Type Ia supernova component. Our best-fit model suggested the presence of a subgiant star 56 R⊙ from the exploding white dwarf, although that number is highly model-dependent. While the model matches the optical light-curve well, it over-predicts the flux expected in the ultraviolet bands. That may indicate that the shock is not a blackbody, perhaps because of line blanketing in the UV. Alternatively, it could point to another physical explanation for the optical blue bump, such as interaction with circumstellar material or an unusual distribution of the element Ni. Early optical spectra of SN 2017cbv show strong carbon absorption as far as day –13 with respect to maximum light, suggesting that the progenitor system contained a significant amount of unburnt material. These results for SN 2017cbv illustrate the power of early discovery and intense follow-up of nearby supernovæ for resolving standing questions about the progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms of Type Ia supernovæ.
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Gravitational Wave Source GW170817
Authors: Chen T.-W.
Published: August 2019

On 17th August 2017 a strong source of gravitational waves was detected by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration. The signal lasted for 60 seconds, and the event was followed just 2 seconds later by a short burst of gamma-rays that was detected by Fermi and INTEGRAL. The gravitational-wave and gamma-ray source had consistent sky positions to within about 30 square degrees. Within 10 hours of the gravitational-wave source event, a fast fading optical and near-infrared counterpart was discovered, which was subsequently followed-up and studied intensively for several weeks and months by numerous facilities. This talk presented the results from our optical and near-infrared imaging and spectroscopic follow-up campaign of this unprecedented discovery, which was the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational-wave source, the first identification of a neutron star–neutron star merger, and the first direct evidence of the source of r-process elements. It focussed on the results of the GROND and ePESSTO teams, showing that this remarkable transient truly opened up the era of multi-messenger astronomy.
Recent Results from a High-Resolution Spectroscopic Follow-up Survey of Classical Novæ
Authors: Izzo L.
Published: August 2019

This talk presented and discussed some recent results obtained from a photometric and spectroscopic optical follow-up survey of bright classical novæ. The survey concerned the role of those objects in Galactic chemical evolution, with particular attention to the production of lithium.
Periodic Variability on Time-scales of Decades to Centuries in Magnetic Ap Stars: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Mathys G.
Published: August 2019

Recent studies have revealed the existence of a significant population of Ap stars with extremely long rotation periods, and the frequent occurrence of Ap stars in wide binaries. Those results represent new constraints on the understanding of the origin and evolution of Ap stars, and (by extension) of all upper-main-sequence stars. Current knowledge of Ap stars with the longest rotation and orbital periods remains incomplete, on the one hand because in many cases the periods of interest are longer than the time-spans over which relevant observations have been obtained, and on the other hand because some important subsets of Ap stars have been omitted from the studies that have been carried out until now. Additional observations over time-scales of decades to centuries are needed to complement the current incomplete picture. Securing them with the required accuracy and time coverage, and ensuring that their full exploitation will ultimately be possible, represents a unique challenge in time-domain astronomy.
On the Problem of Standardisation in Time-Domain Photometry
Authors: Sterken C.
Published: August 2019

This presentation addressed some aspects of photometric standardisation and calibration that have a very significant effect on the accuracy of long time-baseline photometry. The difficulties were illustrated by examples of combinations of vintage photographic magnitudes with photomultiplier and CCD photometry, and with photometry from space. The case studies involved variability on time-scales of hours, years, decades and centuries. The examples went beyond classical problems of combining incongruent and ambiguous passbands, non-linear detectors and poor standardisation.
MeerLICHT: MeerKAT’s Optical Eye
Authors: Paterson K.
Published: August 2019

MeerLICHT is a 65-cm optical telescope situated in Sutherland. The MeerLICHT project, as a part of the ThunderKAT project, will be linked to MeerKAT in real time, providing simultaneous optical and radio observations of the transient sky. Since transient events often require multi-wavelength observations within a short time-lapse, the combination of MeerLICHT and MeerKAT will provide invaluable information on emission at both wavelengths, including the relation between, and evolution of, emission from both wavelength windows. With the installation and commissioning of MeerLICHT now completed, early science with MeerLICHT has begun. The talk offered an overview of the MeerLICHT and ThunderKAT projects as a whole, presented early science results obtained with MeerLICHT, looked at future work with these projects, and discussed other related planned projects.