bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inheritance of anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) resistance in sorghum differential lines QL3 and IS18760
Authors: Cuevas Hugo E. , Cruet-Burgos Clara M. , Prom Louis K. , Knoll Joseph E. , Stutts Lauren R. , Vermerris Wilfred
Published: October 2021

Anthracnose caused by the fungal pathogenC. sublineolais an economically important constraint on worldwide sorghum production. The most effective strategy to safeguard yield is through the introgression of resistance alleles. This requires elucidation of the genetic basis of the different resistance sources that have been identified. In this study, 223 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from crossing anthracnose-differentials QL3 (96 RILs) and IS18760 (127 RILs) with the common susceptible parent PI609251 were evaluated at four field locations in the United States (Florida, Georgia, Texas, and Puerto Rico) for their anthracnose resistance response. Both RIL populations were highly susceptible to anthracnose in Florida and Georgia, while in Puerto Rico and Texas they were segregating for anthracnose resistance response. A genome scan using a composite linkage map of 982 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected two genomic regions of 4.31 and 0.85 Mb on chromosomes 4 and 8, respectively, that explained 10–27% of the phenotypic variation in Texas and Puerto Rico. In parallel, a subset of 43 RILs that contained 67% of the recombination events were evaluated against anthracnose pathotypes from Arkansas (2), Puerto Rico (2) and Texas (4) in the greenhouse. A genome scan showed that the 7.57 Mb region at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 5 is associated with the resistance response against the pathotype AMP-048 from Arkansas. Comparative analysis identified the genomic region on chromosome 4 overlaps with an anthracnose resistance locus identified in another anthracnose-differential line, SC414-12E, indicating this genomic region is of interest for introgression in susceptible sorghum germplasm. Candidate gene analysis for the resistance locus on chromosome 5 identified anR-gene cluster that has high similarity to anotherR-gene cluster associated with anthracnose resistance on chromosome 9.
Efficient and chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes catalyzed by well-defined PN3–pincer manganese(ii) catalyst precursors: an application in furfural conversion
Authors: Gholap Sandeep Suryabhan , Dakhil Abdullah Al , Chakraborty Priyanka , Li Huaifeng , Dutta Indranil , Das Pradip K. , Huang Kuo-Wei
Published: October 2021

Well-defined and air-stable PN3–pincer manganese(ii) complexes were developed for chemoselective hydrogenation of aldehydes into alcohols under mild conditions.
New superconducting superhydride LaC2H8 at relatively low stabilization pressure
Authors: Durajski Artur P. , Szczęśniak Radosław
Published: October 2021

A hitherto unreported LaC2H8 ternary system is dynamically and thermally stable above 70 GPa in a clathrate structure and exhibits a superconducting critical temperature, Tc, in the range of 69–140 K.
Localized orbital locator as a descriptor for quantification and digital presentation of lone pairs: benchmark calculations of 4-substituted pyridines
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Semenov Valentin A. , Vashchenko Alexander V.
Published: October 2021

The parameters of the (3,−3) critical point in the localized orbital locator topology reflect the changes in the size, density and electron energy of the nitrogen lone pair and correlate with the complexation energy.
Anti-glioblastoma effects of nanomicelle-curcumin plus erlotinib
Authors: Bagherian Ali , Roudi Bostan , Masoudian Nahid , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: October 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most significant brain neoplasms, is characterized by high metastasis and recurrence.
Alcohol promoted N-methylation of anilines with CO2/H2 over a cobalt catalyst under mild conditions
Authors: Ke Zhengang , Zhao Yanfei , Li Ruipeng , Wang Huan , Zeng Wei , Tang Minhao , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: October 2021

Alcohol shifts the equilibrium of CO2 hydrogenation via forming alkyl formate, which further reacts with amine to produce N-formamide, and Sn(OTf)2 promotes hydrogenation of N-formamide to N-methylamine.
Addressable graphene encapsulation of wet specimens on a chip for optical, electron, infrared and X-ray based spectromicroscopy studies
Authors: Arble Christopher , Guo Hongxuan , Matruglio Alessia , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Vaccari Lisa , Birarda Giovanni , Kolmakov Andrei
Published: October 2021

A microchip for spectromicroscopy of biological materials employs a graphene enclosure to separate hydrated samples from a vacuum environment. Co-encapsulated lithographically defined hydrogel microstructures extend the lifetime of the hydrated state.
Tunable broad-band white-light emission in two-dimensional (110)-oriented lead bromide perovskite (C3H8N6)[PbBr4]: optical, electronic and luminescence properties
Authors: Msalmi Rawia , Elleuch Slim , Hamdi Besma , Radicchi Eros , Tozri Anowar , Naïli Houcine , Berber Mohamed R.
Published: October 2021

The 2D-perovskite (C3H8N6)[PbBr4] shows white-light emission with room-temperature phosphorescence based on the strategy of heavy-atom-participated anion–π+ interactions.
A DiR loaded tumor targeting theranostic cisplatin-icodextrin prodrug nanoparticle for imaging guided chemo-photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Guan Jiankun , Wu Yuxin , Wang Huimin , Zeng Haowen , Li Zifu , Yang Xiangliang
Published: October 2021

A novel theranostic nanoplatform DPtFIP exhibited outstanding tumor targeting ability, imaging and photothermal properties, increased cellular uptake, selective drug release, and potent antitumor effect with decreased toxicity.
One-pot four-component assembly for diselenocarbamates
Authors: Li Lai , Peng Xiaohong , Lu Jianmei , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: October 2021

A one-pot four-component synthesis of diselenocarbamates was established from the combination of diselanes, selenium powder, chloroform and amines under mild conditions.
Improved hydrogen production from pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater in an anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor
Authors: Liu Ruina , Lin Youwei , Ye Xiaodong , Hu Jinzhao , Xu Gongdi , Li Yongfeng
Published: October 2021

An anaerobic maifanite-immobilized sludge reactor was used to investigate continuous hydrogen production for treatment of pharmaceutical intermediate wastewater at different organic loading rates according to changes in the hydraulic retention time.
Ratiometric fluorescence probe of Cu2+ and biothiols by using carbon dots and copper nanoclusters
Authors: Zhao Ning , Song Jianqiang , Huang Zheng , Yang Xiuying , Wang Yousheng , Zhao Longshan
Published: October 2021

A dual-mechanism ratiometric fluorescent probe based on N-doped yellow fluorescent carbon dots (y-CDs) and blue fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) was established for the first simultaneous determination of Cu2+ and biothiols.
A Paal–Knorr agent for chemoproteomic profiling of targets of isoketals in cells
Authors: Wang Min-Ran , He Jing-Yang , He Ji-Xiang , Liu Ke-Ke , Yang Jing
Published: October 2021

Natural systems produce various γ-dicarbonyl-bearing compounds that can covalently modify lysine in protein targets via the classic Paal–Knorr reaction.
Can small air bubbles probe very low frother concentration faster?
Authors: Pawliszak Piotr , Ulaganathan Vamseekrishna , Bradshaw-Hajek Bronwyn H. , Miller Reinhard , Beattie David A. , Krasowska Marta
Published: October 2021

The differences in the degree of tangential immobilisation of small bubbles caused by two different frothers are discussed in the context of differences in the structure of the dynamic adsorption layer, which is formed during the bubble rise.
Influence of the cobalt content in cobalt iron oxides on the electrocatalytic OER activity
Authors: Saddeler Sascha , Bendt Georg , Salamon Soma , Haase Felix T. , Landers Joachim , Timoshenko Janis , Rettenmaier Clara , Jeon Hyo Sang , Bergmann Arno , Wende Heiko , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Schulz Stephan
Published: October 2021

The OER activity of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles depends on the degree of Co redox activity and its change in coordination.
A superhydrophilic metal–organic framework thin film for enhancing capillary-driven boiling heat transfer
Authors: Yang Guang , Liu Juan , Cheng Xin , Wang Ye , Chu Xu , Mukherjee Soumya , Terzis Alexandros , Schneemann Andreas , Li Weijin , Wu Jingyi , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2021

A metal–organic framework thin film interwoven with a copper mesh forms a microporous@macroporous hybrid, enhancing liquid rewetting and capillary-driven boiling heat transfer. This paves new routes for thermal management design principles.
Pseudocapacitive sodium storage in a new brand foveolate TiO2@MoSe2 nanocomposite for high-performance Na-ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Su Yang , Li Yanfei , Shi Yanhong , Qi Fei , Gong Shengen , Yang Guoduo , Wu Xing-Long , Zhang Jingping , Xie Haiming , Sun Haizhu
Published: October 2021

A new kind of foveolate TiO2 where each TiO2 sphere is embedded in a stable TiO2 framework is prepared and used as a substrate to realize the growth of MoSe2 with stable electrochemical performance.
Multi-bioinspired self-cleaning energy-free cooling coatings
Authors: Liu Bing-Ying , Xue Chao-Hua , Zhong Hong-Mei , Guo Xiao-Jing , Wang Hui-Di , Li Hui-Gui , Du Mi-Mi , Huang Meng-Chen , Wei Ren-Xuan , Song Long-Gang , Chang Bo , Wang Zuankai
Published: October 2021

A superhydrophobic porous coating was developed for long-term daytime radiative cooling by mimicking the structures and functions of the Cyphochilus beetle, Saharan silver ant and lotus leaf.
3D printable, tough, magnetic hydrogels with programmed magnetization for fast actuation
Authors: Tang Jingda , Sun Bonan , Yin Qianfeng , Yang Meng , Hu Jian , Wang Tiejun
Published: October 2021

A microgel-reinforced magnetic hydrogel embedded with hard magnetic particles has been prepared for fast and complex shape changing.
Development of a novel chromophore reaction-based fluorescent probe for biogenic amines detection
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Xin Shuqi , Zhang Chufeng , Ran Xueguang , Tang Hao , Cao Derong
Published: October 2021

A facile strategy for the construction of an efficient chromophore reaction-based probe for biogenic amines detection was developed.
Optimal sampling policy of multi‐dimensional wiener processes with random delivery time
Authors: Peng Fuzhou , Chen Xiang , Gong Jie
Published: October 2021

A sampling problem for remote monitoring and estimation of the multi‐dimensional Wiener process through a channel with random delivery time under the constraint of maximum sampling frequency is considered. The authors study the optimal sampling policy that minimizes the mean square error. It is showed that the threshold policy is optimal and the near closed‐form expressions of the optimal threshold and the corresponding mean square error are given. A bisection method is proposed to search the numerical solutions. The results provide a general framework for remote estimation and sampling, including the special cases that the dimension of Wiener source is one and that the delivery time of the channel tends to zero. Simulation results show that even though there is no constraint on the maximum sampling frequency, age‐optimal policy, periodic sampling policy and zero‐wait policy are far from optimal.
An enhanced predictive hierarchical power management framework for islanded microgrids
Authors: Zhang Jimiao , Li Jie , Wang Ning , Wu Ben
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes an enhanced three‐layer predictive hierarchical power management framework for secure and economic operation of islanded microgrids. The tertiary control, guaranteeing the microgrid economic operation, is built upon the semi‐definite programming‐based AC optimal power flow model, which periodically sends power references to secondary control. To mitigate uncertainties arising from renewable generations and loads, a centralized linear model predictive control (MPC) controller is proposed and implemented for secondary control. The MPC controller can effectively regulate the microgrid system frequency by closely tracking reference signals from the tertiary controller with low computational complexity. Droop‐based primary controllers are implemented to coordinate with the secondary MPC controller to balance the system in real time. Both synchronous generators (SGs) and solar photovoltaics (PVs) are simulated in the microgrid power management framework. A unified linear input‐state estimator (ULISE) is proposed for SG state variable estimation and control anomaly detection due to compromised cyber‐physical system components, etc. Simulation results demonstrated that SG states can be accurately estimated, while inconsistency in control signals can be effectively detected for an enhanced MPC. Furthermore, comparing with conventional proportional‐integral (PI) control, the proposed hierarchical power management scheme exhibits superior frequency regulation capability whilst maintaining lower system operating costs.
A single‐microstrip‐fed S‐shaped magneto‐electric dipole array with broadband circular polarisation for MMW applications
Authors: Zhang Changhong , Li Longye , Zhang Rui , Shao Yu , Lin Feng
Published: October 2021

In this study, a single‐microstrip‐fed S‐shaped magneto‐electric (ME) dipole array with broadband circular polarisation is presented for millimetre wave (MMW) applications. The ME dipole is composed of four S‐shaped patches and metalised via holes. The patches are sequentially fed by a single microstrip ring with four impedance matching sections underneath the patches through four via holes. The proposed antenna achieves a 32.7% impedance bandwidth (IBW), 25.7% axial‐ratio bandwidth (ARBW), maximum gain of 8 dBic and low profile of 0.1 λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength referring to 28 GHz), which decreases to 40% of general ones with a profile of 0.25 λ0. To confirm the superiority of the antenna, a compact 2 × 8 array with the dimension of 7.8 λ0 × 3 λ0 × 0.1 λ0 is fabricated on two substrate layers. Experimental results show that the IBW is 37% covering 22–32 GHz, ARBW for axial ratio (AR) smaller than 3.4 dB is 26.9% covering 22.5–29.5 GHz, maximum gain is 18.5 dBic, and aperture radiation efficiency (ARE) is better than 70%. In addition, the basic element with excellent performance is single‐microstrip‐fed and easily expandable to any size, which makes it a promising candidate that can be adopted in MMW bands.
First models of the s process in AGB stars of solar metallicity for the stellar evolutionary code ATON with a novel stable explicit numerical solver
Authors: Yagüe López A. , García-Hernández D. A. , Ventura P. , Doherty C. L. , den Hartogh J. W. , Jones S. W. , Lugaro M.
Published: October 2021

Aims. We describe the first s-process post-processing models for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of masses 3, 4, and 5 M⊙ at solar metallicity (Z = 0.018) computed using the input from the stellar evolutionary code ATON.

Methods. The models are computed with the new code SNUPPAT (S-process NUcleosynthesis Post-Processing code for ATON), which includes an advective scheme for the convective overshoot that leads to the formation of the main neutron source, 13C. Each model is post-processed with three different values of the free overshoot parameter. Included in the code SNUPPAT is the novel Patankar-Euler-Deflhard explicit numerical solver, which we use to solve the nuclear network system of differential equations.

Results. The results are compared to those from other s-process nucleosynthesis codes (Monash, FRUITY, and NuGrid), as well as observations of s-process enhancement in AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and barium stars. This comparison shows that the relatively high abundance of 12C in the He-rich intershell in ATON results in an s-process abundance pattern that favours the second over the first s-process peak for all the masses explored. Also, our choice of an advective as opposed to a diffusive numerical scheme for the convective overshoot results in significant s-process nucleosynthesis for the 5 M⊙ models as well, which may be in contradiction with observations.
The 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio of a young, isolated brown dwarf
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Snellen Ignas A. G. , Mollière Paul
Published: October 2021

Context. Linking atmospheric characteristics of planets to their formation pathways is a central theme in the study of extrasolar planets. Although the 12C/13C isotope ratio shows little variation in the Solar System, the atmosphere of a super-Jupiter was recently shown to be rich in 13CO, possibly as a result of dominant ice accretion beyond the CO snow line during its formation. Carbon isotope ratios are therefore suggested to be a potential tracer of formation pathways of planets.

Aims. In this work, we aim to measure the 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio of a young, isolated brown dwarf. While the general atmospheric characteristics of young, low-mass brown dwarfs are expected to be very similar to those of super-Jupiters, their formation pathways may be different, leading to distinct isotopologue ratios. In addition, such objects allow high-dispersion spectroscopy at high signal-to-noise ratios.

Methods. We analysed archival K-band spectra of the L dwarf 2MASS J03552337+1133437 taken with NIRSPEC at the Keck telescope. A free retrieval analysis was applied to the data using the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS coupled with the nested sampling tool PyMultiNest to determine the isotopologue ratio 12CO/13CO in its atmosphere.

Results. The isotopologue 13CO is detected in the atmosphere through the cross-correlation method at a signal-to-noise of ~8.4. The detection significance is determined to be ~9.5σ using a Bayesian model comparison between two retrieval models (including or excluding 13CO). We retrieve an isotopologue 12CO/13CO ratio of 97−18+25 (90% uncertainty), marginally higher than the local interstellar standard. Its C/O ratio of ~0.56 is consistent with the solar value.

Conclusions. Although only one super-Jupiter and one brown dwarf now have a measured 12CO/13CO ratio, it is intriguing that they are different, possibly hinting to distinct formation pathways. Regardless of spectroscopic similarities, isolated brown dwarfs may experience a top-down formation via gravitational collapse, which resembles star formation, while giant exoplanets favourably form through core accretion, which potentially alters isotopologue ratios in their atmospheres depending on the material they accrete from protoplanetary disks. This further emphasises atmospheric carbon isotopologue ratio as a tracer of the formation history of exoplanets. In the future, analyses such as those presented here should be conducted on a wide range of exoplanets using medium-to-high-resolution spectroscopy to further assess planet formation processes.
Properties of the ionisation glitch
Authors: Houdayer Pierre S. , Reese Daniel R. , Goupil Marie-Jo , Lebreton Yveline
Published: October 2021

Context. Determining the properties of solar-like oscillating stars can be subject to many biases. A particularly important example is the helium-mass degeneracy, where the uncertainties regarding the internal physics can cause a poor determination of both the mass and surface helium content. Accordingly, an independent helium estimate is needed to overcome this degeneracy. A promising way to obtain such an estimate is to exploit the so-called ionisation glitch, that is, the deviation from the asymptotic oscillation frequency pattern caused by the rapid structural variation in the He ionisation zones.

Aims. Although it is progressively becoming more sophisticated, the glitch-based approach faces problems inherent to its current modelling such as the need for calibration using realistic stellar models. This requires a physical model of the ionisation region that explicitly involves the parameters of interest, such as the surface helium abundance, Ys.

Methods. Through a thermodynamic treatment of the ionisation region, an analytical approximation for the first adiabatic exponent Γ1 is presented.

Results. The induced stellar structure is found to depend on only three parameters, including the surface helium abundance Ys and the electron degeneracy ψCZ in the convective region. The model thus defined allows a wide variety of structures to be described, and it is in particular able to approximate a realistic model in the ionisation region. The modelling work we conducted enables us to study the structural perturbations causing the glitch. More elaborate forms of perturbations than those that are usually assumed are found. It is also suggested that there might be a stronger dependence of the structure on the electron degeneracy in the convection zone and on the position of the ionisation region rather than on the amount of helium itself.

Conclusions. When analysing the ionisation glitch signature, we emphasise the importance of having a relation that can take these additional dependences into account.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Marfil E. , Tabernero H. M. , Montes D. , Caballero J. A. , Lázaro F. J. , González Hernández J. I. , Nagel E. , Passegger V. M. , Schweitzer A. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Cifuentes C. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Duque-Arribas C. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Henning Th. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , López-Gallifa Á. , Morales J. C. , Shan Y. , Zechmeister M.
Published: October 2021

We determined effective temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities for a sample of 343 M dwarfs observed with CARMENES, the double-channel, high-resolution spectrograph installed at the 3.5 m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory. We employed STEPARSYN, a Bayesian spectral synthesis implementation particularly designed to infer the stellar atmospheric parameters of late-type stars following a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. We made use of the BT-Settl model atmospheres and the radiative transfer code turbospectrum to compute a grid of synthetic spectra around 75 magnetically insensitive Fe I and Ti I lines plus the TiO γ and ϵ bands. To avoid any potential degeneracy in the parameter space, we imposed Bayesian priors on Teff and logg based on the comprehensive, multi-band photometric data available for the sample. We find that this methodology is suitable down to M7.0 V, where refractory metals such as Ti are expected to condense in the stellar photospheres. The derived Teff, logg, and [Fe/H] range from 3000 to 4200 K, 4.5 to 5.3 dex, and −0.7 to 0.2 dex, respectively. Although our Teff scale is in good agreement with the literature, we report large discrepancies in the [Fe/H] scales, which might arise from the different methodologies and sets of lines considered. However, our [Fe/H] is in agreement with the metallicity distribution of FGK-type stars in the solar neighbourhood and correlates well with the kinematic membership of the targets in the Galactic populations. Lastly, excellent agreement in Teff is found for M dwarfs with interferometric angular diameter measurements, as well as in the [Fe/H] between the components in the wide physical FGK+M and M+M systems included in our sample.
Fourier-domain dedispersion
Authors: Bassa C. G. , Romein J. W. , Veenboer B. , van der Vlugt S. , Wijnholds S. J.
Published: October 2021

We present and implement the concept of the Fourier-domain dedispersion (FDD) algorithm, a brute-force incoherent dedispersion algorithm. This algorithm corrects the frequency-dependent dispersion delays in the arrival time of radio emission from sources such as radio pulsars and fast radio bursts. Where traditional time-domain dedispersion algorithms correct time delays using time shifts, the FDD algorithm performs these shifts by applying phase rotations to the Fourier-transformed time-series data. Incoherent dedispersion to many trial dispersion measures (DMs) is compute-, memory-bandwidth-, and input-output-intensive, and dedispersion algorithms have been implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs) to achieve high computational performance. However, time-domain dedispersion algorithms have low arithmetic intensity and are therefore often memory-bandwidth-limited. The FDD algorithm avoids this limitation and is compute-limited, providing a path to exploit the potential of current and upcoming generations of GPUs. We implement the FDD algorithm as an extension of theDEDISPtime-domain dedispersion software. We compare the performance and energy-to-completion of the FDD implementation using an NVIDIA Titan RTX GPU against both the standard version and an optimized version ofDEDISP. The optimized implementation already provides a factor of 1.5 to 2 speedup at only 66% of the energy utilization compared to the original algorithm. We find that the FDD algorithm outperforms the optimized time-domain dedispersion algorithm by another 20% in performance and 5% in energy-to-completion when a large number of DMs (≳512) are required. The FDD algorithm provides additional performance improvements for fast-Fourier-transform-based periodicity surveys of radio pulsars, as the Fourier transform back to the time domain can be omitted. We expect that this computational performance gain will further improve in the future since the Fourier-domain dedispersion algorithm better matches the trends in technological advancements of GPU development.
Direct multiplex PCR-NALFIA to inform marine conservation: Use of an innovative diagnostic tool for the detection of Ostrea edulis larvae
Authors: Benkens Andreas , Buchholz Claudia , Pogoda Bernadette , Harms Carsten Georg
Published: October 2021

The European oyster Ostrea edulis played a key role in the North Sea by providing several ecosystem functions and services. Today, O. edulis is classified as severely degraded or functionally extinct in Europe. Marine conservation is focusing on biogenic reef restoration, namely the restoration of O. edulis in Natura 2000 sites of the North Sea. The identification of oyster larvae related to natural spatfalls of restored reefs and monitoring of larval drift is a key aspect of marine protected area management. Morphological identification and distinction from other abundant bivalve larvae using microscopy is difficult. Existing molecular biological methods are expensive and bound to stationary laboratory equipment, or are inadequate in the visualization. In this study, we identified nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA), a well-established tool in human pathogen diagnostics, as an efficient approach for point-of-care (POC) testing in marine monitoring. Based on the genetic sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b of O. edulis, forward and reverse primers were developed. The reverse primer was labelled with fluorescent dye FITC, forward primer with biotin. Reaction on the lateral flow stripe could be realized with a single O. edulis larva in direct PCR with multiplex primers in a portable PCR-cycler. The established NALFIA system can distinguish O. edulis larvae from Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis larvae, respectively. This method offers new approaches in POC testing in marine research and monitoring. It gives quick and clear results, is inexpensive, and could be easily adapted to other species of interest.
Compact, Low-cost GNSS Modules for Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Bose Anindya , Mahato Somnath , Dan Sukabya , Santra Atanu
Published: October 2021

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) uses Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique to find out accurate geolocation information of any point. Generally, costly, geodetic GNSS receivers are used for PPP. This manuscript presents the results of studies on the usability of commercial, compact, cost-effective GNSS modules with commercial antennas for PPP in comparison to commonly used geodetic, costly receivers from India, which is a excellent location for GNSS use. Compact GNSS modules from two manufacturers are used in the study, and the encouraging results show the clear advantage of cost, size, and power requirements of such modules. The modules provide sub-cm horizontal solution accuracy which is very similar to those obtained using geodetic receivers, and around 20 cm accuracy in the vertical coordinate, which is slightly inferior to the results provided by the geodetic reveivers. Results of this novel study would be useful for implementing cost-efficient GNSS PPP in real life, in highly demanding geodetic applications including CORS establishment and PPP.
Evaluating the effectiveness of eco-driving courses based on car-GPS tracking data in the itinerary tracking device to reduce fuel consumption of vehicles in urban areas
Authors: Do Van Manh , Ho Thi Lan Huong , Dinh Tuan Hai
Published: October 2021

According to the current issue of resource shortage, the reduction of fuel consumption or using alternative energies which has an environmentally friendly effect is the priority of governments in many countries. Besides, many studies mentioned that driver behaviors play an essential role to reduce fuel use and decrease vehicle exhaust emissions. On the other hand, the carGPS tracking data in itinerary monitoring equipment is typically using in navigation, positioning, and vehicle management. Thus, this study aims to analyze the correlation between driver behaviors and fuel consumption based on the velocity, acceleration, fuel sensors data collected from car-GPS trackers device in association with Geographic Information System (GIS) to find out the solution to evaluate the effectiveness of ecodriving courses as well as assess the usability of using car-GPS tracking data from the GPS tracking device to analyze and adjust driver behavior in urban areas to save energy and protect the urban environment
Improving the efficiency of using deep learning model to determine shoreline position in high-resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Thanh Doan Nguyen
Published: October 2021

Nowaday, expanding the application of deep learning technology is attracting attention of many researchers in the field of remote sensing. This paper presents methodology of using deep convolutional neural network model to determine the position of shoreline on Sentinel 2 satellite image. The methodology also provides techniques to reduce model retraining while ensuring the accuracy of the results. Methodological evaluation and analysis were conducted in the Mekong Delta region. The results from the study showed that interpolating the input images and calibrating the result thresholds improve accuracy and allow the trained deep learning model to externally test different images. The paper also evaluates the impact of the training dataset on the quality of the results obtained. Suggestions are also given for the number of files in the training dataset, as well as the information used for model training to solve the shoreline detection problem.
The features of application of different systems of orientation angles at the processing of aerospace images
Authors: Bezmenov Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The angular elements of external orientation characterize the position of a shooting camera relative to the coordinate system in which the spatial coordinates of the points of the object under study are determined from the processing of its images. In many cases of aerial photography, e.g. shooting from an unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as in the case of space survey, the values of the orientation angles could be very significant. This paper presents the results of numerical experiments for five different systems of external orientation angles (Euler angles). The studies were performed using the condition of complanarity, which is the basis of space forward intersection. For a space forward intersection, a model of errors in determining spatial coordinates for five systems of shooting camera orientation angles has been developed. In the numerical experiments, the general case of aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle and of space survey of the Earth were simulated. By comparing the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) in determining the spatial coordinates obtained using the studied systems of external orientation angles, the features of the use of these systems of orientation angles were revealed. The results of the research will allow to determine the spatial coordinates of the points of the studied objects with a greater degree of reliability by photogrammetry methods.
Geoinformation modeling of near-Earth space: current tasks and future prospects
Authors: Orlov P.Yu. , Boyarchuk M.A. , Zhurkin I.G.
Published: October 2021

The history of space exploration and current near-Earth space objects population are described in this paper. Moreover, the necessity of GIS technologies application to solve space industry tasks and the development of corresponding GIS are explained. The legal and regulatory issues of the near-Earth space GIS project development are touched upon, as well as the classification and options for the target purpose of the system. The stages of technological search and development are presented, as a result of which the Cesium library was chosen. Based on the results of discussions, a decision is made to expand the limits of the modeling space to the outer boundaries of the Hill sphere. In addition, it is noted that the objects of geoinformation modeling of near-Earth space should be not only space objects, considered as three-dimensional, but also the physical fields of the Earth. The results of performance evaluation experiments on SGP4/SDP4 based software tool for predicting space objects position are shown, and the accuracy of this model itself is assessed by reference GPS coordinates. Possible ways of industry tasks that could be solved using the developed near-Earth space GIS are presented; promising routes of the future development including DISCOS data are indicated.
REX en conception, contrôle d’exécution et suivi à long terme de tirants d’ancrages précontraints
Authors: Allagnat Dominique
Published: October 2021

Les ouvrages géotechniques complexes imposent parfois le recours à la technologie des tirants d’ancrage précontraints. Ces éléments qui garantissent la stabilité des ouvrages, nécessitent une attention particulière, tant dans la conception que lors de la mise en œuvre ainsi que le suivi de leur pérennité tout au long de la durée de service. Le présent article s’attache à faire la synthèse d’un REX représentant plusieurs dizaines d’ouvrages, totalisant plusieurs milliers de tirants d’ancrage, avec pour certains d’entre eux une période de suivi supérieure à 30 ans. Quelques exemples types sont détaillés : murs de soutènement, renforcement de fondation d’ouvrage d’art, structure de ponts suspendus et renforcement de barrages. Chaque exemple est présenté dans son contexte géologique et géotechnique et les résultats du suivi à long terme sont commentés lorsqu’ils sont disponibles. Il en ressort que l’application rigoureuse des recommandations, initiées par Pierre Habib dans les années 1970, permet d’atteindre un niveau de maîtrise technique et de qualité adapté pour garantir la pérennité des ouvrages géotechniques. Enfin, on suggère quelques recommandations complémentaires pour la conception des nouveaux ouvrages géotechniques pour lesquels la stabilité est assurée par des tirants d’ancrage précontraints.
Diagnosis of a plasmoblastic lymphoma of the mandible after renal transplantation: a case report
Authors: Legeard Inès , Chevrollier Marc-Antoine , Bader Gérard
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferations (PTL) are a severe complication of solid organ transplants. Their locations can be extra-nodal. Observation: The diagnosis and management of a non-Hodgkin's plasmablastic lymphoma of mandibular localization affecting a 66-year-old kidney transplanted patient are reported here. Comment: The main risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma are immunosuppression and infection with Epstein-Barr virus. Clinical and radiographic examinations, which are not specific, must be supplemented by a histological examination. Treatment which is not consensual will most often consist of a reduction in immunosuppression coupled with chemotherapy. Conclusion: Despite a constant evolution in the incidence and clinical picture of post-transplant lymphomas, the role of the dentist remains essential in the early detection of lesions.
Feeble metallicity and robust semiconducting regime in structurally sensitive Ba(Pb, Sn)O3 alloys
Authors: Kashikar Ravi , Nanda B. R. K.
Published: October 2021

Density functional calculations are carried out to study the symmetry and substitution-driven electronic phase transition in BaPb1−xSnxO3. Two end members, BaSnO3 and BaPbO3, are found to be insulating and metallic, respectively. In the latter case, the metallicity arises with the presence of an electron pocket, formed by Pb-s dominated conduction band edge, and a hole pocket formed by O-p dominated valence bands. While electron carriers are found to be highly mobile, the hole carriers are localized. Our study reveals that an insulating phase can be realized in the metallic cubic BaPbO3 in three ways in order to explore optoelectronic properties: first, by lowering the symmetry of the lattice to monoclinic through rotation and tilting of the PbO6 octahedra; second, by hydrostatic pressure; and third, by alloying with Sn substitution. The presence of soft phonon modes implies the plausibility of symmetry lowering structural transitions. Furthermore, unlike the earlier reports, we find that Sn substituted BaPbO3 cannot exhibit the topological insulator phase due to the absence of the band inversion.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and dynamics of aqueous NaCl solutions on extended quartz surfaces
Authors: Yao Yun , Li Qiang , Lai Mengling , Wu Qi , Mo Yaoyao , Li Qian , Liu Bin , Luo Hongjie
Published: October 2021

Corrosion of silica surfaces by solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) occurs often; the aggregation of ions and water molecules on the silica surface represents the first step. In this work, the structure and dynamics of ions and water molecules at the silica–solution interface were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of different NaCl concentrations was explored. With an increase in the NaCl concentration, the hydrogen bonds among water molecules are broken gradually. Meanwhile, more and more water molecules were involved in ionic hydration. Furthermore, the aggregation of ions observed at the silica–liquid interface layer was due to ion hydration. At high NaCl concentrations, self-diffusion of Na+ and Cl− slowed due to the enhanced Coulombic effect and fewer water molecules surrounding an ion during ionic hydration. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the salt solution behavior on a silica surface.
Si-based light emitters synthesized with Ge+ ion bombardment
Authors: Zinovyev V. A. , Zinovieva A. F. , Smagina Zh. V. , Dvurechenskii A. V. , Vdovin V. I. , Gutakovskii A. K. , Fedina L. I. , Borodavchenko O. M. , Zhivulko V. D. , Mudryi A. V.
Published: October 2021

The photoluminescence (PL) of Ge/Si nanostructures synthesized by using Ge+ ion bombardment is studied. The structure represents a Si substrate with GeSi nanoclusters created by 80 keV Ge implantation with a fluence of ∼1015 ions/cm2 and subsequent thermal annealing. The PL measurements confirm the advantage of Ge/Si structures synthesized using Ge+ ion bombardment over the usual epitaxial structures with GeSi quantum dots. The presence of defects produced by Ge implantation results in pronounced PL at telecom wavelengths up to room temperature. The results provide a basis for creating efficient light emitters compatible with the existing Si technology.
Performance analysis and implementation of a scanning tunneling potentiometry setup: Toward low-noise and high-sensitivity measurements of the electrochemical potential
Authors: Marković T. , Huang W. , Gambardella P. , Stepanow S.
Published: October 2021

Scanning tunneling potentiometry allows for studying charge transport on the nanoscale to relate the local electrochemical potential to morphological features of thin films or two-dimensional materials. To resolve the influence of atomic-scale defects on the charge transport, sub-µV sensitivity for the electrochemical potential is required. Here, we present a complete analysis of the noise in scanning tunneling potentiometry for different modes of operation. We discuss the role of various noise sources in the measurements and technical issues for both dc and ac detection schemes. The influence of the feedback controller in the determination of the local electrochemical potential is taken into account. Furthermore, we present a software-based implementation of the potentiometry technique in both dc and ac modes in a commercial scanning tunneling microscopy setup with only the addition of a voltage-controlled current source. We directly compare the ac and dc modes on a model resistor circuit and on epitaxial graphene and draw conclusions on the advantages and disadvantages of each mode. The effects of sample heating and the occurrence of thermal voltages are discussed.
Real Schur flow computations, helicity fastening effects and Bagua-pattern cyclones
Authors: Zhu Jian-Zhou
Published: October 2021

A semi-analytical algorithm is developed for simulating flows with the velocity gradient uniformly of the real Schur form. Computations for both decaying and driven cases are performed, exhibiting basic results for general conception and testing the specific notion of “helicity fastening flows,” and, creating the Jiu-Gong/Ba-Gua (ditetragonal/octagonal) pattern of cyclones resembling Jovian northern circumpolar cluster.
Modeling solute transport and mixing in heterogeneous porous media under turbulent flow conditions
Authors: Baioni Elisa , Mousavi Nezhad Mohaddeseh , Porta Giovanni Michele , Guadagnini Alberto
Published: October 2021

We develop and test a modeling approach to quantify turbulence-driven solute transport and mixing in porous media. Our approach addresses two key elements: (a) the spatial variability of the effective diffusion coefficient which is typically documented in the presence of a sediment–fluid interface and (b) the need to provide a model that can yield the complete distribution of the concentration probability density function, not being limited only to the mean concentration value and thus fully addressing solute mixing. Our work is motivated by the importance of solute transport processes in the hyporheic zone, which can have strong implications in natural attenuation of pollutants. Our approach combines Lagrangian schemes to address transport and mixing in the presence of spatial variability of effective diffusion. An exemplary scenario we consider targets a setup constituted by a homogeneous (fully saturated) porous medium underlying a clear water column where turbulent flow is generated. Solute concentration histories obtained through a model based solely on diffusive transport are benchmarked against an analytical solution. These are then compared against the results obtained by modeling the combined effects of diffusion and mixing. A rigorous sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the influence of model parameters on solute concentrations and mixing, the latter being quantified in terms of the scalar dissipation rate.
Low-frequency excitation of singlet–triplet transitions. Application to nuclear hyperpolarization
Authors: Dagys Laurynas , Bengs Christian , Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: October 2021

Coupled pairs of nuclear spin-1/2 support one singlet state and three triplet states. Transitions between the singlet state and one of the triplet states may be driven by an oscillating low-frequency magnetic field, in the presence of couplings to a third nuclear spin, and a weak bias magnetic field. The oscillating field is in the same direction as the bias field and is called a WOLF (Weak Oscillating Low Field) pulse. Application of a WOLF pulse allows for the generation of strong nuclear hyperpolarization of 13C nuclei, starting from the nuclear singlet polarization of a 1H spin pair, associated with the enriched para-spin isomer of hydrogen gas. Hyperpolarization is demonstrated for two molecular systems.
Interactions between two knots in nanochannel-confined DNA molecules
Authors: Ma Zixue , Dorfman Kevin D.
Published: October 2021

Experimental data on the interaction between two knots in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) confined in nanochannels produced two particular behaviors of knot pairs along the DNA molecules: (i) widely separated knots experience an attractive interaction but only remain in close proximity for several seconds and (ii) knots tend to remain separated until one of the knots unravels at the chain end. The associated free energy profile of the knot–knot separation distance for an ensemble of DNA knots exhibits a global minimum when knots are separated, indicating that the separated knot state is more stable than the intertwined knot state, with dynamics in the separated knot state that are consistent with independent diffusion. The experimental observations of knot–knot interactions under nanochannel confinement are inconsistent with previous simulation-based and experimental results for stretched polymers under tension wherein the knots attract and then stay close to each other. This inconsistency is postulated to result from a weaker fluctuation-induced attractive force between knots under confinement when compared to the knots under tension, the latter of which experience larger fluctuations in transverse directions.
Experimental investigation of immersed granular collapse in viscous and inertial regimes
Authors: Sun Yunhui , Zhang Wentao , An Yi , Liu Qingquan , Wang Xiaoliang
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an experimental investigation of immersed granular collapse with an initially dense packing, mainly focusing on the collapse characteristics of different flow regimes and the influence of the initial aspect ratio. A novel experimental setup and imaging method are introduced to simultaneously observe the motion of the particles and the fluid. The collapse dynamics, including the collapse acceleration, steady propagation velocity, and collapse duration, are analyzed based on the front propagation. It is found that the collapse procedures in the inertial and viscous regimes differ significantly, with the transitional regime possessing some unique characteristics of both. The inertial regime exhibits a faster collapse process, sharper final deposition, and a depression near the right wall in the case of high columns. The viscous regime collapses from the upper-left corner, from where particles drop to the bottom and form the flow front in advance of the particles initially at the bottom, and exhibits a triangular final deposition. The inertial regime exhibits swirling fluid motion, which helps the granular transport, whereas the fluid flow in the viscous regime mainly follows the granular flow. The collapse regime characteristics are more pronounced in higher columns.
A class II MHC-targeted vaccine elicits immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
Authors: Pishesha Novalia , Harmand Thibault J. , Rothlauf Paul W. , Praest Patrique , Alexander Ryan K. , van den Doel Renate , Liebeskind Mariel J. , Vakaki Maria A. , McCaul Nicholas , Wijne Charlotte , Verhaar Elisha , Pinney William , Heston Hailey , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Pontelli Marjorie Cornejo , Ilagan Ma. Xenia G. , Jan Lebbink Robert , Buchser William J. , Wiertz Emmanuel J. H. J. , Whelan Sean P. J. , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: October 2021

Significance

Vaccines remain the best hope of curtailing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Currently available vaccines require cold storage and sophisticated manufacturing capacity, complicating their distribution, especially in less developed countries. We report a protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that directly and specifically targets antigen-presenting cells. It consists of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (Spike
RBD
) fused to a nanobody that recognizes class II major histocompatibility complex antigens (VHH
MHCII
). Our vaccine elicits robust humoral (high-titer binding and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in both young and aged mice. VHH
MHCII
-Spike
RBD
is stable for at least 7 d at room temperature and can be lyophilized without loss of efficacy, desirable attributes for logistical reasons.