bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substitution of raw lucerne with raw citrus lemon by-product in silage: In vitro apparent digestibility and gas production
Authors: Besharati Maghsoud , Palangi Valiollah , Salem Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed , De Palo Pasquale , Lorenzo Jose Manuel , Maggiolino Aristide
Published: November 2022

Fruit pomace addition to lucerne silage could rapidly reduce silage pH creating an acidic environment and thus maybe preventing spoilage. However, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different rates of inclusion of citrus lemon by-products on lucerne. In this study, the following five different treatments were prepared: L0 (control) with 100% lucerne; L25 (75% lucerne with 25% lemon pomace); L50 (50% lucerne with 50% lemon pomace); L75 (25% lucerne with 75% lemon pomace); and L100 (100% lemon pomace). After ensiling, the chemical composition, nutritive value, stability, in vitro apparent digestibility, and gas production of silage were determined. The dry matter (DM) content was higher for lemon pomace substitution equal to or exceeded 50% (P < 0.01). Crude protein, on the contrary, decreased (P < 0.01) over the same percentage of substitution. The L100 and L75 treatments showed higher DM apparent disappearance rate and lower (P < 0.05) crude protein and neutral detergent fiber apparent degradation rate vs. L0. Lemon pomace could be used at high inclusion level in lucerne silage, allowing the preservation of this by-product all the year, improving some chemical silage characteristics, and reducing proteolytic processes that usually happen on lucerne silage. Moreover, the in vitro apparent digestibility and gas production results showed that a partial substitution of lucerne with lemon pomace is able to improve silage digestibility.
Seasonal dynamics in bacterial communities of closed-cage broiler houses
Authors: Chen Huan , Yan Han , Xiu Yan , Jiang Linlin , Zhang Jianlong , Chen Guozhong , Yu Xin , Zhu Hongwei , Zhao Xiaoyu , Li Youzhi , Tang Wenli , Zhang Xingxiao
Published: November 2022

The bacteria contained in air aerosols from poultry houses are closely connected to animal health and production. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal factors on microbial aerosol concentration, particle size and bacterial spectrum composition inside a closed-cage broiler house. Then, 16S rDNA sequencing technology was applied to analyze the characteristics of bacterial abundance and diversity. The results indicated that the concentration of bacterial aerosol in the broiler house varied significantly in different seasons, with a concentration range of 5.87–15.77 × 103 CFU/m3, and the highest and lowest concentrations in the summer and winter, respectively. Microbiological analysis showed that the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in autumn was significantly higher than that in summer (P < 0.05). In addition, the floral structure of potential pathogenic bacterial genera also differed by season. Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas were identified in the bacterial aerosols. Importantly, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in spring and autumn was much higher. In contrast, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in spring and autumn was lower than that in summer and winter. Altogether, results revealed the effects of seasonal factors on the diversity and abundance of bacteria and the distribution characteristics of major opportunistic pathogens in the air of closed-cage broiler houses. These results will provide important information for exploring the potential risk of aerosols from poultry houses all four seasons.
Transmission Characteristics and Predictive Model for Recent Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 Associated With OMICRON Variant in Major Cities in China
Authors: Zheng Yangcheng , Wang Yunpeng
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Waves of epidemics associated with Omicron variant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in major cities in China this year have been controlled. It is of great importance to study the transmission characteristics of these cases to support further interventions.

Methods: We simulate the transmission trajectory and analyze the intervention influences of waves associated with Omicron variant in major cities in China using the Suspected-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model. In addition, we propose a model using a function between the maximum daily infections and the duration of the epidemic, calibrated with data from Chinese cities.

Results: An infection period of 5 days and basic reproduction number R0 between 2 and 8.72 are most appropriate for most cases in China. Control measures show a significant impact on reducing R0, and the earlier control measures are implemented, the shorter the epidemic will last. Our proposed model performs well in predicting the duration of the epidemic with an average error of 2.49 days.

Conclusion: Our results show great potential in epidemic model simulation and predicting the end date of the Omicron epidemic effectively and efficiently.
Innovations for Incisional Hernia Prevention
Authors: Harris Hobart W.
Published: November 2022

Incisional hernias are the most frequent long-term complication of abdominal surgery, resulting in considerable patient morbidity and increased health care costs. These hernias frequently result from excessive tension concentrated at points along the suture line of the abdominal closure. While ample research is focused on developing improved repair materials, the optimal solution to the problem of incisional hernias is prevention. Accordingly, some investigators have postulated that incisional hernias can be prevented by distributing tension more evenly along the fascial closure. Herein we describe two novel and ingenious strategies for the improved distribution of tension when closing abdomens (T-Line® Hernia Mesh and the REBUILD Bioabsorbable™) that were conceived of and developed by surgeons.
Condensed Combustion Products Characteristics of HTPB/AP/Al Propellants under Solid Rocket Motor Conditions
Authors: Liu Xue-Li , Hu Song-Qi , Liu Lin-Lin , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2022

Condensed combustion products (CCPs) generated during the combustion of aluminized propellants can reflect invaluable information about the combustion mechanisms of propellants. CCPs of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/ammonium perchlorate/aluminum (HTPB/AP/Al) propellants were collected using an experimental apparatus capable of controlling pressure fluctuations within 0.3 MPa, and their microscopic morphologies, particle size distributions, and chemical compositions were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle size analyzer, energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and complexometric titration. The results showed that the size of CCPs presented a bimodal distribution, with modes at ~5 µm and ~100 µm; particles less than 2 µm were spherical, with smooth surfaces. The main components of CCPs were C, AlN, AlCl3, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and Al, with Al2O3 being the most abundant. The combustion efficiency of aluminum increased by 3.27% when the size of virgin aluminum particles decreased from 23 µm to 13 µm, but the content of catocene (a burning-rate catalyst) and fine AP (1 µm) had little effect on combustion efficiency. Higher combustion efficiencies and smaller agglomeration sizes can be achieved at higher pressures, due to the positive correlation between pressure and the driving forces for aluminum particles exciting the burning surface.
Multiobjective Optimization Method of Solid Rocket Motor Finocyl Grain Based on Surrogate Model
Authors: Miao Qiuwen , Shen Zhibin , Zhang Huihui , Sun Haitao
Published: November 2022

To improve the performance of a solid rocket motor (SRM), a multiobjective optimal design method that can consider the structural integrity, internal ballistic performance, and loading performance of the SRM was proposed based on parametric modeling and surrogate modeling technology. Firstly, the parametric modeling technology was introduced into the field of structural integrity analysis for a high-loading SRM, based on which the influences of load and geometric parameters on the maximum von Mises strain of the SRM grain were analyzed, which effectively improved the sampling speed and prediction accuracy of the surrogate model. Combining the calculation models of the combustion surface area and volume loading fraction of the SRM, the Pareto optimal solution set was obtained based on the NSGA-II algorithm. Under the constraints of the optimization model, the maximum von Mises strain can be reduced by up to 26.72% and the volume loading fraction can be increased by up to 1.83% compared with the original. In addition, the optimal design method proposed in this paper is significantly superior in efficiency, capable of reducing both the single sampling time by more than 95% and the number of numerical simulations from 20,000 to 400, and the average prediction deviation is only 1.87%.
A Combined Machine Learning and Model Updating Method for Autonomous Monitoring of Bolted Connections in Steel Frame Structures Using Vibration Data
Authors: Pal Joy , Sikdar Shirsendu , Banerjee Sauvik , Banerji Pradipta
Published: November 2022

This research paper presents a novel structural health monitoring strategy based on a hybrid machine learning and finite element model updating method for the health monitoring of bolted connections in steel planer frame structures using vibration data. Towards this, a support vector machine model is trained with the discriminative features obtained from time history data, and those features are used to distinguish between damaged and undamaged joints. An FE model of the planer frame is considered where the fixity factor (FF) of a joint is modeled with rational springs and the FF of the spring is assumed as the severity level of loosening bolts. The Cat Swarm Optimization technique is further applied to update the FE model to calculate the fixity factors of damaged joints. Initially, the method is applied to a laboratory-based experimental model of a single-story planer frame structure and later extended to a pseudo-numerical four-story planer frame structure. The results show that the method successfully localizes the damaged joints and estimates their fixity factors.
Enhancing the Antioxidant Ability of Momordica grosvenorii Saponin to Resist Gastrointestinal Stresses via Microcapsules of Sodium Alginate and Chitosan and Its Application in Beverage
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Yiqi , Xie Huaping , Zhang Bo , Zhang Bolin
Published: November 2022

Momordica grosvenorii saponin (MGS), as a promising dietary supplement with remarkable biological properties, has poor stability under acidic conditions and thus hinders its application in functional foods. In this study, capsules of chitosan and sodium alginate were successfully prepared to enhance the stability of MGS. The optimized parameters for preparing MGS capsules were established. Sodium alginate of 20.8 mg/mL and triplication of MGS powder were added to chitosan of 4 mg/mL and calcium chloride of 10 mg/mL at a volume ratio of 3:1, stirring at 1000 r/min for 30 min to form the capsules. In this case, the fresh particles averaged 1687 μm with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 80.25% MGS. The capsule tolerated acidic environments better, and in vitro MGS could be controlled to release in a stimulated gastrointestinal tract system. The antioxidant activity and delayed release of MGS could be achieved by microencapsulation of chitosan/sodium alginate. Moreover, one drink containing 19 mg/mL MGS was successfully developed for the fruit.
Applications of Biotechnology to the Craniofacial Complex: A Critical Review
Authors: Tsolakis Ioannis A. , Christopoulou Isidora , Papadopoulou Erofili , Papaioannou William , Alexiou Konstantina-Eleni , Lyros Ioannis , Rontogianni Aliki , Souliou Christina-Efthymia , Tsolakis Apostolos I.
Published: November 2022

Background: Biotechnology shows a promising future in bridging the gap between biomedical basic sciences and clinical craniofacial practice. The purpose of the present review is to investigate the applications of biotechnology in the craniofacial complex. Methods: This critical review was conducted by using the following keywords in the search strategy: “biotechnology”, “bioengineering”, “craniofacial”, “stem cells”, “scaffolds”, “biomarkers”, and ”tissue regeneration”. The databases used for the electronic search were the Cochrane Library, Medline (PubMed), and Scopus. The search was conducted for studies published before June 2022. Results: The applications of biotechnology are numerous and provide clinicians with the great benefit of understanding the etiology of dentofacial deformities, as well as treating the defected areas. Research has been focused on craniofacial tissue regeneration with the use of stem cells and scaffolds, as well as in bioinformatics with the investigation of growth factors and biomarkers capable of providing evidence for craniofacial growth and development. This review presents the biotechnological opportunities in the fields related to the craniofacial complex and attempts to answer a series of questions that may be of interest to the reader. Conclusions: Biotechnology seems to offer a bright future ahead, improving and modernizing the clinical management of cranio-dento-facial diseases. Extensive research is needed as human studies on this subject are few and have controversial results.
Prevalence of Aeromonas spp. Infection in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Gastroenteritis in Latvia between 2020 and 2021
Authors: Grave Irina , Rudzate Aleksandra , Nagle Anda , Miklasevics Edvins , Gardovska Dace
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Aeromonas species are emerging human enteric pathogens. However, there is no systematic analysis of Aeromonas infection in the pediatric population in Latvia. The aim of the study was to describe potential sources, prevalence of infection, associated virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. isolated from fecal samples. Methods: Stool samples (n = 1360) were obtained from the Children’s Clinical University Hospital between 2020 and 2021. The target population was pediatric patients, 0 to 18 years of age, with a preliminary diagnosis of gastroenteritis. Identification was performed by Maldi-TOF, antimicrobial resistance by Vitek2 and 9 virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Aeromonas spp. were isolated in 50 stool samples; positive findings made up 3.6% of all study cases and included four species: A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. veronii, and A. eucrenophila. In 42% of the samples, Aeromonas spp. appeared alongside the other significant pathogens: Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, norovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. The study population positive for Aeromonas spp. infection contained 28 male (56%) and 22 female (44%) patients; median age was 4.56 years. The most common symptoms were: diarrhea, blood in stool, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Aside from expected natural resistance, no significant antibacterial resistance was detected. The presence of multiple virulence genes was noticed in all isolates. No statistically significant correlation was found between the virulence patterns, bacterial species, and the intensity of clinical symptoms. Discussion: According to the clinical data and the results of this study Aeromonas spp. has an important role in pediatric practice and requires appropriate attention and monitoring.
Evaluation and Treatment of Pain in Fetuses, Neonates and Children
Authors: Mencía Santiago , Alonso Clara , Pallás-Alonso Carmen , López-Herce Jesús ,   Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II)
Published: November 2022

The perception of pain is individual and differs between children and adults. The structures required to feel pain are developed at 24 weeks of gestation. However, pain assessment is complicated, especially in neonates, infants and preschool-age children. Clinical scales adapted to age are the most used methods for assessing and monitoring the degree of pain in children. They evaluate several behavioral and/or physiological parameters related to pain. Some monitors detect the physiological changes that occur in association with painful stimuli, but they do not yet have a clear clinical use. Multimodal analgesia is recommended for pain treatment with non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. It is necessary to establish pharmacotherapeutic protocols for analgesia adjusted to the acute or chronic, type and intensity of pain, as well as age. The most used analgesics in children are paracetamol, ibuprofen, dipyrone, opioids (morphine and fentanyl) and local anesthetics. Patient-controlled analgesia is an adequate alternative for adolescent and older children in specific situations, such as after surgery. In patients with severe or persistent pain, it is very important to consult with specific pain services.
Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Yueyue , Zou Xihuan
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] levels and gastric cancer. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, The China Academic Journals full-text database, Wanfang Database of Chinese Academic Journals, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature database were systematically searched. Case-control studies on the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and gastric cancer were retrieved, and the data extracted were analyzed. The results of 9 case-control studies containing 671 patients showed that serum 25(OH)D levels in the gastric cancer group were lower than those in the control group (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −8.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): −11.5, −6.32, p < 0.01); the risk of vitamin D deficiency in the gastric cancer group was higher than that in the control group (Odds ratio = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.96, 4.87, p < 0.01). The serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with well and moderately differentiated gastric cancer were higher than those in patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer (WMD = −3.58, 95% CI: −6.41, −0.74, p = 0.01). Thus, low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of gastric cancer. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022327942.
Patient and Healthcare Provider Perspectives on the Implementation of a Web-Based Clinical Communication System for Cancer: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , O’Brien Mary Ann , Liddy Clare , Afkham Amir , McGee Sharon F. , Morgan Scott C. , Segal Roanne , Bender Jacqueline L. , Sussman Jonathan , Urquhart Robin , Fitch Margaret , Schneider Nancy D. , Grunfeld Eva
Published: November 2022

Previous research has identified communication and care coordination problems for patients with cancer. Healthcare providers (HCPs) have reported communication issues due to the incompatibility of electronic medical records (EMR) software and not being consistently copied on patient reports. We evaluated an asynchronous web-based communication system (“eOncoNote”) for primary care providers and cancer specialists to improve cancer care coordination. The objectives were to examine patients’ perceptions of the role of eOncoNote in their healthcare, and HCPs’ experiences of implementing eOncoNote. Qualitative interviews were conducted with patients with breast and prostate cancer, primary care providers, and cancer specialists. Eighteen patients and fourteen HCPs participated. Six themes were identified from the patient interviews focusing on HCP and patient roles related to care coordination and patient awareness of communication among their HCPs. Four themes were identified from HCP interviews related to the context of care coordination and experience with eOncoNote. Both patients and HCPs described the important role patients and caregivers play in care coordination. The results show that patients were often unaware of the communication between their HCPs and assumed they were communicating. HCPs encountered challenges incorporating eOncoNote into their workflow.
Ex Situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources: An Overview of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Worldwide Collections
Authors: Piergiovanni Angela Rosa
Published: November 2022

The collection and conservation of chickpea and lentil germplasm has great importance due to their role as a staple food for millions of people. Nowadays, the largest chickpea collection, 41.2% of the total accessions, is held by ICRISAT, while the main lentil collection is stored by ICARDA. The main fraction of both collections is constituted by Indian landraces. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to integrate all genebanks into a global conservation system of plant genetic resources. The release of informatics platforms allowed the creation of virtual genebanks, which are powerful tools routinely consulted by germplasm users. The information available for the chickpea and lentil accessions included in the Genesys and EURISCO platforms has been taken into consideration in this mini review. This review also presents and discusses the strengths and drawbacks of the worldwide collections of both species emerging from the analysis of data obtained by enquiring these two platforms. The availability of core collections is of great utility for germplasm users, while the lack of origin and biological status for a significant fraction of accessions are the main drawbacks. Moreover, this review highlights the necessity of sharing as much as possible of the non-omic and omic characterization data.
Association of Alleles of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Genes and Severity of COVID-19 in Patients of the ‘Red Zone’ of the Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
Authors: Troshina Ekaterina , Yukina Marina , Nuralieva Nurana , Vasilyev Evgeny , Rebrova Olga , Akhmatova Ravida , Ikonnikova Anna , Savvateeva Elena , Gryadunov Dmitry , Melnichenko Galina , Mokrysheva Natalia
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the correlations of clinical features of patients with moderate and severe courses of COVID-19, comorbidity (endocrine, autoimmune, cardiovascular, oncological, and pulmonary diseases), and alleles of the HLA class II system genes. One hundred COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, were analyzed for age, gender, smoking, comorbidity, and invasive mechanical ventilation. Computer tomography was used to assess the severity of the disease. HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified in samples from 100 patients and samples from 327 randomly selected individuals collected in the prepandemic period (control group). There was no association of gender, age, weight, body mass index, smoking, and comorbidity with the severity of COVID-19. Allele DQB1*06:02-8 was more common in patients (p < 0.00005), and DQB1*06:01 and DQB1*05:03 were more common in the control group (p < 0.00005, and p = 0.0011, respectively). DQB1*06:02-8 can probably be considered as predisposing to moderate and severe COVID-19, and DQB1*06:01 can be considered as protective. No association of these alleles with comorbidity was found. Our results suggest that carriers of predisposing alleles, with cardiovascular and non-autoimmune endocrine diseases, should take more stringent preventive measures, and if infected, a more aggressive COVID-19 treatment strategy should be used.
A New Topology-Switching Strategy for Fault Diagnosis of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Belief Rule Base
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Li Shaohua , He Wei , Yang Ruohan , Feng Zhichao , Sun Guowen
Published: November 2022

Effective fault-diagnosis strategies have been the focus of research on multi-agent systems (MASs). In this paper, the belief rule base (BRB)-based distributed fault-diagnosis problem for MASs is investigated, and a topology-switching strategy is developed to increase the reliability of fault-diagnosis model. Firstly, a BRB-based distributed fault-diagnosis model is constructed for the MAS with multiple faults, then expert knowledge is used to judge whether the agent is faulty. Then, considering that the system may be influenced by the fault or some other factors and thus leading to a decrease in the accuracy of the fault-diagnosis results, a topology-switching strategy based on the average distance of the output diagnosis accuracy is proposed to update the topology of the agent so that the fault-diagnosis results can be more reliable. Note that the topology-switching threshold is designed based on the average distance between the accuracy of the fault diagnosis of each agent. The method proposed in this paper can solve the problem when the fault-diagnosis accuracy of the model is affected by some common factors and thus decreases, and can improve the reliability of the fault-diagnosis model very well. Finally, the effectiveness of the BRB-based distributed fault-diagnosis model and the proposed topology-switching strategy to improve the fault-diagnosis accuracy is verified by simulation examples.
Online Adaptive Dynamic Programming-Based Solution of Networked Multiple-Pursuer and Single-Evader Game
Authors: Gong Zifeng , He Bing , Hu Chen , Zhang Xiaobo , Kang Weijie
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a new scheme for the online solution of a networked multi-agent pursuit–evasion game based on an online adaptive dynamic programming method. As a multi-agent in the game can form an Internet of Things (IoT) system, by incorporating the relative distance and the control energy as the performance index, the expression of the policies when the agents reach the Nash equilibrium is obtained and proved by the minmax principle. By constructing a Lyapunov function, the capture conditions of the game are obtained and discussed. In order to enable each agent to obtain the policy for reaching the Nash equilibrium in real time, the online adaptive dynamic programming method is used to solve the game problem. Furthermore, the parameters of the neural network are fitted by value function approximation, which avoids the difficulties of solving the Hamilton-Jacobi–Isaacs equation, and the numerical solution of the Nash equilibrium is obtained. Simulation results depict the feasibility of the proposed method for use on multi-agent pursuit–evasion games.
Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst Modeling for Control Purposes
Authors: Holmer Olov , Eriksson Lars
Published: November 2022

In markets with strict emission legislations Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has become the industry standard for NOx abatement in heavy-duty vehicles, and therefore modeling and control of these systems are vital. Many SCR catalyst models are available in the literature and in this paper different models are discussed and classified into groups. Two models, based on the two most popular classes for control-oriented models, are implemented and compared with each other, one based on the continuously stirred-tank reactor approximation, and the other on a quasi-static behavior of the gas phase. The results show that assuming a quasi-static behavior of the gas phase in the catalyst gives better results in terms of accuracy and simulation time, especially when it comes to predictions of ammonia slip.
A Comparative Study of Fuzzy SMC with Adaptive Fuzzy PID for Sensorless Speed Control of Six-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Wogi Lelisa , Ayana Tadele , Morawiec Marcin , Jąderko Andrzej
Published: November 2022

Multi-phase motors have recently replaced three-phase induction motors in a variety of applications due to the numerous benefits they provide, and the absence of speed sensors promotes induction motors with variable speed drives. Sensorless speed control minimizes unnecessary speed encoder cost, reduces maintenance, and improves the motor drive’s reliability. The performance comparison of the fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) with adaptive fuzzy proportional integral derivative (AFPID) control methods for sensorless speed control of six-phase induction motors was analyzed in this study, and the proposed control system has an advantage for multiphase machines, specifically six-phase induction motors (IMs) in this study, as they are the current active research area for electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, aerospace, ship propulsion, and high-power applications. The speed control of a six-phase induction motor was performed by using an AFPID controller and FSMC. The comparative performance analysis was based on sensorless speed control of the six-phase induction motor. A proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is commonly employed as it is used to eliminate oscillations, but it has several drawbacks, such as taking a long time to decrease the error and stabilize the system at constant speed. The fuzzy type-2 and PID controllers were hybridized so as to obtain the advantages of both to enhance the system performance. Finally, the comparison result revealed that the FSMC preforms significantly better by achieving good tracking performance. The control technique maintains the sliding mode approach’s robustness while providing reduced overshoots with a smooth control action, and the FSMC revealed good dynamic response under load variations when compared to the AFPID controller.
Mineral Monitorization in Different Tissues of Solanum tuberosum L. during Calcium Biofortification Process
Authors: Coelho Ana Rita F. , Lidon Fernando Cebola , Pessoa Cláudia Campos , Daccak Diana , Luís Inês Carmo , Marques Ana Coelho , Ramalho José Cochicho , Semedo José Manuel N. , Silva Maria Manuela , Pais Isabel P. , Brito Maria Graça , Kullberg José Carlos , Legoinha Paulo , Simões Maria , Scotti-Campos Paula , Pessoa Maria Fernanda , Reboredo Fernando Henrique
Published: November 2022

Calcium is one of the 16 essential elements for plants, being required as Ca2+ and being involved in several fundamental processes (namely, in the stability and integrity of the cell wall, the development of plant tissue, cell division, and in stress responses). Moreover, Ca plays an important role in potato production. In this context, this study aimed to monitor the culture development (in situ and using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)) and the mineral content of four essential elements (Ca, P, K, and S) in different organs of Solanum tuberosum L. (roots, stems, leaves, and tubers) during a calcium biofortification process, carried out with two types of solutions (CaCl2 and Ca-EDTA) with two concentrations (12 and 24 kg∙ha−1). The calcium content generally increased in the S. tuberosum L. organs of both varieties and showed, after the last foliar application, an increase in Ca content that varied between 5.7–95.6% and 20.7–33%, for the Picasso and Agria varieties, respectively. The patterns of accumulation in both varieties during the biofortification process were different between the variety and mineral element. Regarding the quality analysis carried out during the development of the tubers, only the Agria variety was suitable for industrial processing after the last foliar application.
A Systematic Review of the Potential of a Dynamic Hydrogel as a Substrate for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Sahmat Siti Sahmsiah , Rafii Mohd Y. , Oladosu Yusuff , Jusoh Mashitah , Hakiman Mansor , Mohidin Hasmah
Published: November 2022

Adopting environmentally friendly or green technology and incorporating new alternative substrates for a sustainable agricultural industry has garnered the attention of numerous researchers. Although super absorbent hydrogels have exhibited great potential, natural hydrogel-based absorbents have gained more interest due to their environmentally safe properties. The sources for the novel green polymer are easily obtained from agricultural wastes, such as polysaccharides, agarose, chitosan, and mucilage, with zero to minimal cost. The polymer also offers several attributes, including water usage and cost efficiencies, versatile application, and increasing plant growth. Furthermore, the polymer can act as a carrier agent and aid in improving the properties of planting mediums. The present review focuses on natural and chemical hydrogel-based polymers. It discusses their potential application in sustainable agriculture and the conservation of ecosystems by providing balanced protection for seeds, plants, and soil. Future perspectives based on previous investigations are also presented.
Spine Fragility Fracture Prediction Using TBS and BMD in Postmenopausal Women: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Ripamonti Claudio , Lisi Lucia , Ciaffi Jacopo , Buffa Angela , Caudarella Renata , Ursini Francesco
Published: November 2022

The trabecular bone score (TBS) estimates bone microarchitecture and can be used to evaluate the risk of osteoporotic fractures independently of bone mineral density (BMD). In this retrospective case-control study, we tested and compared the ability of TBS and lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD) to predict vertebral fragility fractures. The inclusion criteria were female sex, age range 50–90 years, menopause, and clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. Patients with secondary osteoporosis were excluded. LS-BMD and TBS were measured at the L1–L4 vertebral level. The ability of the two diagnostic systems in predicting vertebral fragility fractures was assessed by combining LS-BMD and TBS according to the Bayesian “OR rule” (the diagnosis is negative only for those negative for both tests, and it is positive for those who were positive for at least one test) or to the “AND rule” (the diagnosis is positive only for those positive to both tests and is negative for those negative for at least one test). Of the 992 postmenopausal women included, 86 had a documented vertebral fragility fracture. At the cutoff value used in the present study, the TBS and LS-BMD showed a similar diagnostic ability to predict vertebral fragility fractures, having positive predictive values (PPV) of, respectively, 13.19% and 13.24%. Negative predictive values (NPV) were, respectively, 95.40% and 94.95%. Compared to that of each single diagnostic system, the “OR-rule” significantly increased the NPV to 97.89%, while no statistically significant differences were found by using the “AND-rule”. In conclusion, the present study highlights the possibility that combining LS-BMD and TBS could improve their predictive ability in diagnosing vertebral fragility fractures, and that there is a significant probability of absence of fractures in women who test negative to both diagnostic systems.
Overweight and Obese Adult Patients Show Larger Benefits from Concurrent Training Compared with Pharmacological Metformin Treatment on Insulin Resistance and Fat Oxidation
Authors: Azócar-Gallardo Jairo , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Afonso José , Sá Mário , Granacher Urs , González-Rojas Luis , Ojeda-Aravena Alex , García-García José Manuel
Published: November 2022

Metformin, a drug widely used to treat insulin resistance, and training that combines aerobic and strength exercise modalities (i.e., concurrent training) may improve insulin sensitivity. However, there is a paucity of clinical trials investigating the effects of concurrent training, particularly on insulin resistance and fat oxidation in overweight and obese patients. Furthermore, only a few studies have compared the effects of concurrent training with metformin treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week concurrent training program versus pharmaceutical treatment with metformin on maximum fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance in overweight or obese adult patients. Male and female patients with insulin resistance were allocated by convenience to a concurrent training group (n = 7 (2 males); age = 32.9 ± 8.3 years; body mass index = 30 ± 4.0 kg·m−2) or a metformin group (n = 7 (2 males); age = 34.4 ± 14.0 years; body mass index = 34.4 ± 6.0 kg·m−2). Before and after the interventions, all participants were assessed for total body mass, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, maximum oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidization during exercise, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance through the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Due to non-normal distribution of the variable maximal fat oxidation, the Mann–Whitney U test was applied and revealed better maximal fat oxidization (Δ = 308%) in the exercise compared with the metformin group (Δ = −30.3%; p = 0.035). All other outcome variables were normally distributed, and significant group-by-time interactions were found for HOMA-IR (p < 0.001, Δ = −84.5%), fasting insulin (p < 0.001, Δ = −84.6%), and increased maximum oxygen consumption (p = 0.046, Δ = 12.3%) in favor of the exercise group. Similar changes were found in both groups for the remaining dependent variables. Concurrent training seems to be more effective compared with pharmaceutical metformin treatment to improve insulin resistance and fat oxidation in overweight and obese adult patients with insulin resistance. The rather small sample size calls for more research in this area.
Understanding Serial Mediators of Problematic Pornography Use in Pakistani Men and Women
Authors: Bibi Khifza , Fatima Ambreen , Amin Rizwana , Rowland David L.
Published: November 2022

In the current digital environment, satisfying sexual needs via Internet pornography use has the potential to develop into a problem that affects one’s psychological health and daily functioning. The aim of this study was to examine potential cognitive and affective factors that could help explain the maintenance and exacerbation of self-defined problematic internet pornography use. Methods: 280 Pakistani men and women (mean age = 25.40; SD = 5.271, range 18–50) who were current pornography users were recruited through social networking sites (Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, WhatsApp groups) to participate in an online study about pathways to problematic pornography use (PPU). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate path analysis coefficients extending from predisposing variables (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and loneliness) to PPU via the mediating variables of craving, dysfunctional sexual coping, and stimulus-specific inhibitory control. Results: Craving mediated the relationship between three predisposing variables (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and PPU, though not the fourth, namely loneliness. Indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly linked to PPU through two serial mediation pathways: (a) craving and stimulus-specific inhibitory control, and (b) craving and dysfunctional sexual coping. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that craving, stimulus-specific inhibitory control, and dysfunctional coping serve as important mediators in maintaining and exacerbating the cycle between negative predisposing variables and PPU. These results are interpreted within the general framework of therapeutic interventions that can help develop positive coping skills in individuals seeking to alter self-perceived bothersome or unwanted habits related to pornography use.
Implementation of Activity-Based Workplaces (ABW)—The Importance of Participation in Process Activities
Authors: Bergsten Eva L. , Wijk Katarina , Hallman David M.
Published: November 2022

Relocation to new office solutions such as activity-based workplaces (ABW) has increased but satisfaction with the ABW among employees varies, and the importance of participation in the relocation process is unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between employees’ extent of participation in the implementation process activities and satisfaction with the relocation to ABW. Data were collected from 699 employees in a Swedish governmental agency 3-months prior to, 3-months and 9-months after relocation to the ABW. Questionnaires were used to assess participation in process activities and perceived satisfaction with knowledge about working in ABW, office rules, and information and support during the process. Participation in activities was significantly associated with higher overall satisfaction with knowledge, office rules, information and support, and effects were generally more pronounced as the number of attended activities increased. Satisfaction also increased among non-participants, although without reaching the same levels as participants. Our results show the importance to offer and facilitate a high participation in the relocation process activities to obtain satisfaction with a relocation to ABW.
COVID-19-Specific Mortality among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees Who Resided in New York City
Authors: Yung Janette , Li Jiehui , Kehm Rebecca D. , Cone James E. , Parton Hilary , Huynh Mary , Farfel Mark R.
Published: November 2022

We examined the all-cause and COVID-19-specific mortality among World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) enrollees. We also examined the socioeconomic factors associated with COVID-19-specific death. Mortality data from the NYC Bureau of Vital Statistics between 2015–2020 were linked to the WTCHR. COVID-19-specific death was defined as having positive COVID-19 tests that match to a death certificate or COVID-19 mentioned on the death certificate via text searching. We conducted step change and pulse regression to assess excess deaths. Limiting to those who died in 2019 (n = 210) and 2020 (n = 286), we examined factors associated with COVID-19-specific deaths using multinomial logistic regression. Death rate among WTCHR enrollees increased during the pandemic (RR: 1.70, 95% CL: 1.25–2.32), driven by the pulse in March–April 2020 (RR: 3.38, 95% CL: 2.62–4.30). No significantly increased death rate was observed during May–December 2020. Being non-Hispanic Black and having at least one co-morbidity had a higher likelihood of COVID-19-associated mortality than being non-Hispanic White and not having any co-morbidity (AOR: 2.43, 95% CL: 1.23–4.77; AOR: 2.86, 95% CL: 1.19–6.88, respectively). The racial disparity in COVID-19-specific deaths attenuated after including neighborhood proportion of essential workers in the model (AOR:1.98, 95% CL: 0.98–4.01). Racial disparities continue to impact mortality by differential occupational exposure and structural inequality in neighborhood representation. The WTC-exposed population are no exception. Continued efforts to reduce transmission risk in communities of color is crucial for addressing health inequities.
Comparative Study of Approaches for Detecting Crime Hotspots with Considering Concentration and Shape Characteristics
Authors: He Zhanjun , Lai Rongqi , Wang Zhipeng , Liu Huimin , Deng Min
Published: November 2022

Hotspot detection is an important exploratory technique to identify areas with high concentrations of crime and help deploy crime-reduction resources. Although a variety of methods have been developed to detect crime hotspots, few studies have systematically evaluated the performance of various methods, especially in terms of the ability to detect complex-shaped crime hotspots. Therefore, in this study, a comparative study of hotspot detection approaches while simultaneously considering the concentration and shape characteristics was conducted. Firstly, we established a framework for quantitatively evaluating the performance of hotspot detection for cases with or without the ”ground truth”. Secondly, accounting for the concentration and shape characteristics of the hotspot, we additionally defined two evaluation indicators, which can be used as a supplement to existing evaluation indicators. Finally, four classical hotspot-detection methods were quantitatively compared on the synthetic and real crime data. Results show that the proposed evaluation framework and indicators can describe the size, concentration and shape characteristics of the detected hotspots, thus supporting the quantitative comparison of different methods. From the selected methods, the AMOEBA (A Multidirectional Optimal Ecotope-Based Algorithm) method was more accurate in describing the concentration and shape characteristics and was powerful in discovering complex hotspots.
The Correlation between Two Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor’s Concentrations and Cognition
Authors: Nagy Attila , Májer Réka , Csikai Enikő , Dobos Adrienn , Süvegh Gábor , Csiba László
Published: November 2022

Both lisinopril and enalapril are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) drugs and widely used in the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril does not cross the blood–brain barrier, but lisinopril is centrally active. Our goal was to find out if there was a link between the actual concentration of ACE inhibitors and cognition and if there was a detectable difference between the two types of ACE inhibitors. Asymptomatic, non-treated patients were diagnosed by screening and the hypertension was confirmed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). A battery of cognitive tests was used to assess the impact of randomly assigning participants to receive either lisinopril or enalapril. All neurocognitive functions were measured, especially the most affected by conditions of compromised perfusion pressures, such as hypertension, which are attention and executive functions. The lisinopril concentration showed a significant inverse correlation with mosaic test (coeff. = −0.5779) and seemed to have a significant negative effect on perceptual motor skills (coeff. = −0.5779), complex attention (coeff. = −0.5104) and learning (coeff. = −0.5202). Compared with enalapril, lisinopril is less successful in improving the components of cognitive functions.
Barriers to Accessing HIV Care Services in Host Low and Middle Income Countries: Views and Experiences of Indonesian Male Ex-Migrant Workers Living with HIV
Authors: Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Seran Alfonsa Liquory , Raymond Christopher , Tahir Roheena , Ward Paul Russell
Published: November 2022

Migrant populations are one of the vulnerable groups to HIV transmission and its consequences. They are also reported to experience delayed entry or linkage into HIV services and have poorer HIV-related health outcomes. This study aimed to understand barriers to accessing HIV care services in host countries among Indonesian, male, former (returned) migrant workers living with HIV. The study was carried out from December 2020 to February 2021. It utilised a qualitative design employing in-depth interviews to collect data from twenty-two returned migrant workers from Eastern Indonesia, recruited using the snowball sampling technique. A qualitative data analysis framework was used to guide a step-by-step analysis of the findings. Findings demonstrated that limited host-country language proficiency, lack of knowledge regarding healthcare systems in host countries and having ‘undocumented’ worker status were barriers to accessing HIV care services. Data also revealed the unavailability of HIV care services nearby migrants’ work locations, long-distance travel to healthcare facilities, and challenges in accessing public transportation as barriers that impeded their access to the services. Other factors limiting the participants’ access to HIV services were identified as the transient and mobile nature of migrant work requiring frequent relocation and disrupting work–life stability. Additionally, in lieu of formal HIV services, many participants self-medicated by using over-the-counter herbal or ‘traditional’ medicines, often because of peer or social group influence regarding the selection of informal treatment options. Recommendations arising from this study demonstrate the need to improve pre-departure information for migrant workers regarding the healthcare system and access procedures in potential host countries. Data from this study also indicate that social services should be available to assist potential migrants to access legal channels for migrant work overseas, to ensure that Indonesian migrants can safely access healthcare services in the countries for which they are providing migrant labour. Future studies to understand barriers to accessing HIV care services among various migrant groups living with HIV are warranted to build evidence for potential social policy change.