bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Simulation of Cutting Force and Temperature Field in Turning of Inconel 718
Authors: Yang Zhen Chao , Zhang Ding Hua , Huang Xin Chun , Yao Chang Feng , Liang Yong Shou , Mao Ying
Published: December 2010

Finite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool to predict cutting process variables such as temperature field which are difficult to be obtained from experimental methods. The turning process of Inconel 718 is simulated by AdvantEdge which is professional metal-cutting processing finite element software. The effects of cutting speed, feed and cutting depth on cutting force and temperature field are analyzed. The results show that cutting forces decrease with cutting speed increasing, and increase with feed and cutting depth, and the influence of cutting depth on cutting forces is significant. The maximum temperature in the cutting zone located on the rake face at a distance of about 0.01 mm from the tool tip. As cutting speed and feed increase, the maximum temperature in the cutting area increases. The influence of cutting speed on cutting temperature is significant, but the cutting depth has little impact on temperature.
Research on the Content of Binder in Pattenless Casting Manufacturing Technique
Authors: Yang Wei Dong , Liu L.B.
Published: December 2010

The patternless casting manufacturing (PCM) technique adopted two nozzles to spray the
binder and the curing agent separately into the dry sand under the control of a computer. In the PCM
technique, the resin content of sand mold is mostly determined the quality of the final casts. In this
paper the content of the binder droplets in sand particles is analyzed in detail. Thus it provides the
theoretical basis for these process parameters such as scanning speed, layer thickness and so on. The
results of experiments well verify the analysis.
An Integrated RS and ANN Design Method for Product Agile Customization
Authors: Yuan Chang Feng , Wang Wan Lei , Chen Yan
Published: December 2010

Product agile customization design is an effective technological measure to win the
customers and improve development efficiency. It needs designer to determine product structure
quickly according to customer’s customized requirements. In this paper, a novel design method of
product agile customization is presented by integrating rough set (RS) theory and artificial neural
network (ANN) in the design process. In the method, design demands are reduced so as to form
effective decision conditions by applying RS, and on that basis ANN models between design
demands of different design stages and corresponding product structures are established so as to
determine product structural styles quickly by applying ANN. Finally, this method is applied to the
general schematic design process of a roll plate machine’s customization, and its validity is verified.
Study on Flow Resistance and Filtration Efficiency of the Carbonized Micron Wood Fiber DPF
Authors: Ma Yan , Guo Xiu Rong , Yang C.M. , Du D.F.
Published: December 2010

Airborne particulate matter is known for its environmental impact and is suspected of
causing adverse health effects. Especially the role of ultrafine particles smaller than 0.1μm, which
amongst others are emitted by diesel engines, is the subject of current health related discussions. In
order to solve this problem, many filtration methods have been researched, while so far the results are
unsatisfactory. In this paper, a method of utilizing the carbonized micron wood fiber (CMWF) as the
filter material is presented and a corresponding numerical simulation method is applied. Furthermore,
a kind of detachable DPF is developed, a diesel engine bench test is conducted and the influence
elements upon Δp/H are researched. Theory and test prove that the numerical simulation method can
be consistent with the test very well and the CMWF DPF has not only the low flow resistance and
high efficient filtration but also very suitable for diesel exhaust gas purification.
Design of Turning Insert with Three-Dimensional Complex Groove Using Cellular Automata
Authors: Feng X.M. , Tan G.Y.
Published: December 2010

It is critical to control chip forming, regular curling and breaking in turning. One method most commonly used is to make chips curl and break with chip-breaking grooves. Chip-breaking groove designing is complex and affected by several factors. Cellular automata is especially used to solve problems in complicated situation, hence this paper adopts cellular automata to design curves of the grooves. After blending the curves through Pro/Engineer into part, an insert with three-dimensional complex groove was developed with EDM. The results of cutting experiment showe a great performance of the grooved insert in turning, reaching the expected goal, and feasibility to design a three-dimensional complex groove insert with cellular automata as well.
The Study and Application of Electromagnetic Vibration Shaker Finite Element Model Updating and Validation Technology
Authors: Liu Xun Tao , Chen Zhao Bo , Xu Li Fu , Huang Shan Yun
Published: December 2010

Acording to the fact that the finite element model of electromagnetic vibration shaker for
virtual experiment is not accurate enough to complete accurately spacecraft test, made a correlation
analysis of the finite element output frequency response function and the measured frequency
response function by their correlation coefficients. Analyzed the sensitivity of the materials for FRF
and screened the parameters to update, made the correlation coefficient error of electromagnetic
vibration shaker finite element model frequency response function and the measured as the
optimization objective, the optimization and modification of shaker finite element model parameters
were completed by iteration method. The frequency response function of the modified finite element
model approximately agreed with the experimental frequency response function. It met the virtual
experiments of electromagnetic vibration shaker.
Parameter Optimization of a Five-Axis Tool Grinder Using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Chen Jenn Yih , Lee Bean Yin
Published: December 2010

This paper uses the grey relational analysis to find the optimal values of parameters of the servo drives and the controller of a five-axis CNC tool grinder in order to improve precision of grinding and accuracy of end mills. The experimental planning and design are based on the Taguchi method. There are totally six control factors in the experiments, and each factor has three levels. An L18 orthogonal array was applied for the experiments, and each experiment was repeated three times. The grey relational approach was then employed to find the optimal values to the drives and the controller. These values were utilized for grinding a ball nose end mill of cemented tungsten carbide with two-flute and 6 mm in outside diameter. Finally, a well-known tool measuring and inspection machine was used to measure the geometric parameters of the end mill for the initial design and the optimal design. Experimental results show that the grinding time is reduced up to 6.02 ％, and the precision of the ball nose end mill is also improved. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Implementation of Management Model for Manufacturing Information Based to PDM
Authors: Hu Ya Hui , Hu Xiao Min , Zheng Qing Chun , Lv Hui Jvan
Published: December 2010

Product development is becoming more complex. Product design is desired to be undertaken together with the considerations of downstream processes such as manufacturing and assembling. The product data exchange between CAD and PDM systems is a crucial issue for the integration of product development systems. To solve this, this paper focuses on a flexible, unified data model based on PDM that integrates information and models from different engineering domains. Some key technologies, such as type of data organization and data exchange between PDM and CAD, are researched based on the case of Smarteam. This approach has been experimented within a company environment that designs and produces families of the hydraulic press parts.
Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Semi-Active Suspension System with SMA Spring Based on Hysteretic Nonlinear Theory
Authors: Zhu Zhi Wen , Sui Chang Wei , Xu Jia
Published: December 2010

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of vehicle semi-active suspension
system with SMA spring were studied in hysteretic nonlinear theory. SMA spring was applied in
semi-active suspension system to control vibration. Von del Pol hysteretic cycle model were
introduced to set up a new kind of continuous SMA strain-stress model, based on which the nonlinear
dynamic model of vehicle semi-active suspension system with SMA spring was developed. The
first-order nonlinear approximate solution of suspension system was obtained, the stability and
bifurcation characteristic of suspension system were analyzed. The result of analysis shows that the
nonlinear stiffness parameters can not cause the bifurcation of suspension system, and the qualitative
change of the dynamic characteristic of suspension system has relationship with the nonlinear
damping parameters. Finally, the result of analysis was proved by simulation.
An Ontology-Based Design Knowledge Model for the Construction Machinery
Authors: Gao Zhu , Ji Xiao Min , Guo Hun
Published: December 2010

In this paper, we investigated the knowledge modeling and proposed an ontology-based
descriptively-logic theory using fuzzy interval in order to support the management and re-usage of
the knowledge of design. We also established the methods to classify and present the concept-design
knowledge and developed an ontology-based model presenting the knowledge of design as well as a
model for modeling cycles. We further applied these methods and models to develop a specific
ontology-based design-knowledge model and At last the practicability and validity of these methods
are validated in the management system of design knowledge for the construction machinery.
Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Jet Electrolytic Drilling
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Jia Wen , Zhao Jian She
Published: December 2010

Jet Electrolytic Drilling (JED) is a micro-hole drilling process, which employs a jet of electrolyte for anodic dissolution of workpiece material and does not require entry of a nozzle into the machined hole. JED has been used for drilling small holes in aerospace, electronic, and micro-mechanics. One of the most significant problems on JED is the precise control and parameters optimization of the process. This paper established a two-dimension mathematical model for JED to describe the shape of the drilled hole. The model was validated by comparison of simulation and experimental result. JED experiments were performed on 0.6mm thickness stainless steel sheets with different parameters including nozzle diameter and operating voltage. It is found that JED is suitable for drilling micro-holes with diameter less than 1mm and the operating voltage should better be more than 120V.
Simulation on NC Machining for Revolving Body of Stone
Authors: Liu Y.H. , Zuo Dun Wen , Zhang D.
Published: December 2010

The processing of rough machining and semi-finishing of revolving body stone is studied,
according to the particularity of stone machining. Based on the study of processing, the system of
computer aided programming and simulation for the revolving body stone is mainly researched. This
system integrates the NC code automatic generation module and numerically controlled machining
simulation module and this system is able to verify the pre-existing NC code. Thus greatly improves
the efficiency and raises the quality.
Experimental Study of Pulsed Electrolyte Jet Machining for Small Hole
Authors: Yu Yi Quan , Zhao Jian She , Li Bing Hui , Xu Jia Wen
Published: December 2010

For the difficulties of machining small hole on difficult-to-cut materials, a study of
hole-making technology by pulsed electrolyte jet machining is carried out. Main effects of DC power
and pulse power on the hole conicity, surface quality and drilling efficiency are studied in this paper.
The experiment results show that: hole with high surface quality can be available and the hole
conicity is effectively reduced by using pulsed electrolyte jet machining; DC is suitable for
improving efficiency when the ECM voltage is less than 300V, while pulse power supply shall be
adopted to achieve good surface quality and high drilling efficiency when the ECM voltage is more
than 300V.
Design of Gantry Robot for Dye Dispense and Analysis of Vibration of its Synchronous Belt Driven and Positioning System
Authors: Zhao Zhen Hong , Jiang Xiu Ming , Du Yu Hong
Published: December 2010

The constitution and structure of positioning system of gantry robot for dyestuff liquid
proportioning with its synchronous belt driven flexibly is introduced first. According to the law of
power balance, the method for coefficient pairing comparison is adopted to establish the kinetic
model with the titration head in direction y and the modal analysis is carried out for kinetic coupling
of the synchronous belt positioning system as well as the harmonic excitation vibration and response
cause by polygonal effect of the synchronous belt.
A Method for Designing and Optimizing Force Balanced Constant Spring Hangers with MATLAB Language and Environment
Authors: Su C. , Zhang Z.R. , Li A.
Published: December 2010

A mechanics model for force balanced constant spring hangers is put forward. Then from
the working principle of constant hanger，the curve equation of knife cams is induced. The curve
equation is solved and the curves of cams are also plotted with MATLAB. The main spring
mathematical model of optimal design is established. Parameters of the main spring are optimized
with the MATLAB genetic algorithm tool. Design force b
One Digital Realization Method of Vector Control Project for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Li Zhi Yong , Ji Hua
Published: December 2010

This paper briefly introduces the vector control theory in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) ，and gives the block diagram of its drive system on this base. In order to realize complete digitized control and make capability of the system very well, we use TMS320F2407 chip to achieve the control of PMSM。 This paper gives the detailed software and hardware realization projects. The control method of whole system can be realized by writing programs. Experimental results show that the system is compact, and has good static and dynamic characteristics.
System Design and Low-Speed Kinematics Characteristic Analysis of Electrochemical Micro-Machining Equipment
Authors: Li Zhi Yong , Niu Zong Wei , Li Li
Published: December 2010

Electrochemical micro-machining (EMM) appears to be very promising as a future
micro-machining technique, since in many areas of applications, it offers many advantages, which
include excellent machining precision and control, high machining rate, perfect surface quality and
a wide range of materials that can be machined, regardless of their strength and toughness. In the
paper, a new style EMM equipment for micro-holes is presented. Double vertical column style
structure is chosen as the main mechanical structure of the equipment, which has the advantage of
excellent structure rigidity, compact framework dimension as well as good maneuverability and
maintainability. In order to verify the reliability of this EMM equipment, some measurement works
including static measurements, assembling interferences checking and kinematics simulation have
been done. Furthermore, the low-speed kinematics characteristics of the developed EMM
equipment are concentrated. The kinematics simulation results indicate that the developed EMM
equipment can satisfy the requirements for low-speed motion and anti-interference characteristics of
EMM process.
The Effect of the Scanning Mode on the Finished Precision for SLA Technology
Authors: Yu Dong Man , Li Xiao Jing , Su J. , Wang D. , Gao Zhi Hua , Xiong Yi
Published: December 2010

Stereo lithography apparatus is an advanced technology that uses photopolymers as the
raw materials from which the prototypes are built. The RP manufacture system uses lasers or
ultraviolet light to expose selectively the surface of the liquid resin and builds a three-dimensional
part according its CAD model in a layer-by-layer manner. The absorption of energy causes
photo-polymerization that changes the liquid resin into a solid, expanding the cured volume but
shrinking simultaneously. The primary reason for the volume distortion and deformation of the stereo
lithography apparatus part are the interlaminar stress generated by resin contraction. The volume
shrinkage and curl distortion of the resin will lead to poor accuracy of the built prototype because the
bending stress cannot be compensated for. Selecting a non-standard gear as experimental object and
manufactured in the SCPS350B rapid prototyping machine. Four kinds of scanning mode, includes
X-X mode, X-Y mode, XY mode and XY ST mode, are respectively carried out. From the results, it is
found that SLA parameters, i.e. scanning mode and scanning speed significantly affect the forming
precision of the prototype. The accuracy of the prototype with XYST mode is prior to the XY mode,
and the X-Y mode is prior to the X-X mode. With the lower scanning speed and surface recoating
process can further improve the finished precision.
Exploration of Industrial Ecology Growth Base on Po Yang Lake Ecological Economic Zone
Authors: Tang Yue Qin , Tang Z.B.
Published: December 2010

This paper addresses issues concerning industrial growth and industrial pollution abatement in a developing region during the course of modernization. It follows the methodology of ecosystems to preserve the clean fresh water and the environments around the Po Yang Lake area in Jiangxi province where a state program has been recently approved for ecological experimentation. Thus, economic development as a whole is featured in pollution limits and environmental remediation in order to achieve dynamic ecological equilibrium and foster sustainable development. In conclusion, industrial ecology is presented along ecological economics through the mechanism of life-cycle management, firm retiring and energy saving by means of eco-design and advancement of environmental technologies.
Study on the Representation System of Product Design Knowledge
Authors: Liu Yuan Wei
Published: December 2010

In this paper, we investigated the knowledge modeling and proposed an ontology
description logic theory based on fuzzy interval in order to support the management and reuse of
design knowledge. We also established the methods to classify and represent the concept-design
knowledge and developed an ontology-based model presenting the design knowledge as well as a
model for modeling cycles. We further applied these methods and models to develop a specific
ontology-based design knowledge model and validated them in the management system of design
knowledge for the construction machinery.
A New Approach for Automation of Locating Planning of Workpiece
Authors: Wu T.J. , Lou Pei Huang , Man Z.G.
Published: December 2010

Fixtures are used to locate and constrain firmly a workpiece during machining operation. Flexible and efficient fixturing has become an important issue in flexible manufacturing systems and computer integrated manufacturing system. Locating planning is the basis of the fixturing design, which has a direct influence on the quality of the clamping scheme and the machining quality of workpiece. This paper presents a new approach for locating planning of workpiece. Firstly, it will automatically select the primary locating surfaces with consideration of 5 influence factors: constraint freedoms, surface feature, valid locating area, tolerance relationship and surface roughness. Then the other locating surfaces are determined by retrieving similar workpieces under the guideline of 4 locating methods which will make the best of already available locating planning. Finally the optimal locator layout is fast achieved with GA with the goal of minimal locating tolerance.
Process Modeling Methods Based on Global and Associated Design and its Application
Authors: Liu Zhi Feng , Liu H. , Wang J.H. , An G.P.
Published: December 2010

An association between the components structure is studied in the product design in this
paper, and some ideas of improving the development of new product and the decision-making
efficiency of its selection scheme has been proposed according to the ideas of the process modeling
and global design. Then, the hierarchical principle of feedback mechanisms is introduced to construct
a new process modeling method, and the descriptive power of object-oriented process model and the
design flexibility of new product are improved. The method has been applied to construct rapidly the
automobile coating production line successfully.
Study on the Semantic Model of Product Form
Authors: Gao Zhu , Ji Xiao Min
Published: December 2010

In view of the product shape prototype's information model, based on the fuzzy D-S
inference establishment product shape meaning matrix's design style description method,
determinates the product conventional shape meaning. Then, the shape description object's meaning
word is proposed based on the most superior fondness's meaning connection. Finally, the analysis is
carried on based on the design style space and the shape whole appraisal distribution map to the
product, established the shape meaning matrix to express as the product design style description
model computer formalization.
Research on the Process of NC-ECM with Ball-End Cathode Based on FEM
Authors: Yang Yong , Kang Min , Fu Xiu Qing
Published: December 2010

In order to solve the difficulty in analyzing the shaping law of NC-ECM with ball-end cathode, the method of processing simulation was presented based on the finite element method (FEM). The two-dimensional analysis model of the electric field with ball-end cathode built in ANSYS software was solved. The current density distribution and surface shape in different time on the anode were obtained. The experiments based on the simulation parameters were carried out, and the dimensions of the processed surface were measured, which were compared with the theoretical values. It is indicated that the simulation method meets the accuracy of the engineering calculations. The method and theory for further in-depth research on the process simulation in NC-ECM with ball-end cathode are provided.
Numerical Simulation of Electrochemical Machining Process and Machined Surface Prediction
Authors: Wang F.Y. , Xu Jia Wen , Zhao Jian She
Published: December 2010

In order to predicate machined shape of electrochemical machining (ECM), a machined
shape prediction method by using numerical simulation is presented in this paper. For the simulation,
the mathematical model based on electric field and flow field theories firstly is built. Then the time
discretization method and the finite element method (FEM) are employed to solve the mathematical
model. The simulation software is developed to perform the simulation of the ECM process and
predict the machined shape. Finally the method is applied in the ECM processes of the blade and the
cavity. The application results show that the machined surface with high accuracy can be achieved
and less test times is needed by the simulation.
Fabrication of Nanometer Sized Si Dot Arrays Using Ar Ion Milling with Calixarene Resist Dot Arrays
Authors: Tamura Takuro , Tanaka Yasunari , Akahane Takashi , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2010

In this study, we investigated the possibility of forming the fine Si dot arrays by means of electron beam (EB) lithography and dry etching technique for the future’s devices with nano-scale structures. We examined the properties of Ar ion milling for the fabrication of nanometer sized Si dot arrays on a Si substrate. We have succeeded in forming 40 nm pitched Si dot arrays with a diameter of <20 nm using dot array patterns of the calixarene resist as a mask. We also obtained the Ar ion milling property that there exists the horizontal milling rate as well as the vertical milling rate. We formed Si dot arrays with a dot diameter of about 10 nm using this property. It was clarified that Ar ion milling and EB lithography with calixarene resist has the potential to form Si nano dot arrays for the nano devices.
Prototype of Illumination-Collection Mode Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy with Gold Inner-Coated Aperture-Less Pyramidal Probe
Authors: Hosaka Sumio , Koyabu Hirokazu , Aramomi Yusuke , Sone Hayato , Yin You , Sato Eiji , Tochigi Kenji
Published: December 2010

We have prototyped illumination-collection mode scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and near-field Raman spectroscopy (NFRS) with gold inner-covered aperture-less pyramidal probe in order to study the possibility to detect optical images, and Raman spectrum and Raman peak shift for stress distribution in Si device with high resolution of about 10 nm.
Prototype of Frame-Type Cantilever for Biosensor and Femtogram Detection
Authors: Sone Hayato , Ichikawa Shoichi , Matsubara Yuji , Suzuki Mitsumasa , Okano Haruki , Izumi Takashi , Hosaka Sumio
Published: December 2010

The possibility of realizing femtogram mass detection using a frame-type microcantilever has been studied in bioscience. To realize highly sensitive mass detection by reducing the viscose resistance in liquids, we designed frame-type cantilevers using finite element modeling (FEM). We fabricated prototypes of mesh-type, hole-type and conventional-type cantilevers using a semiconductor process. The properties of the cantilevers were measured by a conventional atomic force microscope (AFM) system. The measured resonance frequencies of the cantilevers were almost consistent with the calculated results of the FEM simulation in air. The resonance frequency and quality (Q) factor of the mesh-type cantilever were larger than those of the conventional-type cantilever in water. We measured the frequency change due to gold film deposition on the mesh-type cantilever. Then, we estimated the mass sensitivity of the cantilever at about 16.6 fg/Hz. This value is more than 10 times smaller than that of the conventional-type cantilever. These results indicate that the mesh-type cantilever has the advantage of reducing the viscous resistance and achieving high sensitivity in liquids.
Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency of Single-Layer Magnetic Metal Films with Lattice Distortion
Authors: Shigeno Nozomu , Negishi Shin , Hoshi Kazushi , Fukunaga Takayuki , Furusawa Shinichi , Sakurai Hiroshi
Published: December 2010

The ferromagnetic resonance frequency of single-layer magnetic films has been investigated in relation to lattice distortion. It is found that the ferromagnetic resonance frequency depends on a lattice distortion. This result raises the possibility of tuning the ferromagnetic resonance frequency by controlling the lattice distortion.
Mach-Zehnder Type Thermo-Optic Switch with Antenna-Coupled Y-Junction Fabricated by Selective Photobleaching of Polysilane Films
Authors: Hanaizumi Osamu , Miura Kenta , Hiratani Yuji , Machida Yuki , Uehara Masato
Published: December 2010

The Mach-Zehnder type thermo-optic switch with antenna-coupled Y-junction was demonstrated for the first time. The selective photobleaching of the polysilane films are used for fabrication. The branching angle was 3 deg and the longitudinal length was around 30 mm, which was reduced as around 60 % from the conventional structure. The beam propagation method was used for optimizing the design and the calculated transmission loss was only 0.16 dB. Our experiments showed the ON/OFF ratio of 9.9 dB and the switching power of 11.4 mW.
Polarization Control of SOA-Fiber Ring Laser
Authors: Takahashi Yoshitaka , Niida Ryo
Published: December 2010

We have studied a SOA-fiber ring laser and demonstrated its application to a fiber ring laser sensor so far. But in our previous study its accuracy and stability was found to be insufficient. Further investigation by numerical analysis suggested that polarization of the propagating light should be stabilized in the fiber ring laser cavity. In order to control the polarization in the cavity, we have improved the laser. The lasing linewidth has reduced significantly, which shows that the polarization is controlled and stabilized well.
Microforce Material Tester Using Small Pendulum
Authors: Ozawa Junichi , Maru Koichi , Kobayashi Kohjiro , Fujii Yusaku
Published: December 2010

A method of inexpensive material tester is proposed for realizing an instrument based on the levitation mass method without the use of pneumatic linear bearings and a Zeeman type two frequency He-Ne laser. As an example a material tester using the pendulum, which evaluates the mechanical response of general objects against impact forces, is developed. The characteristics of the restoring force are determined using the same instrument under the free-swing condition without the object under test. To demonstrate the performance of the developed instrument, the impact response of a gel block is determined.
Effect of Annealing on Sub-Gap Absorption in Amorphous InGaZnO4 Films
Authors: Gotoh Tamihiro , Kawarai Kenta , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Kaneda Kenji
Published: December 2010

Optical absorption in amorphous InGaZnO4films was examined by optical transmittance and photothermal spectroscopy using individual cantilever. The amorphous InGaZnO4films have optical bandgap of ~3.5 eV, and Urbach tail absorption and mid-gap absorption at 2.0-3.0 eV. Mid-gap absorption was reduced by thermal annealing at 300 °C in an atmosphere. This observation indicates that heat-induced structural change causes reduction of gap states in amorphous InGaZnO4films.
Interdigital Ring Coupler Sensor for Parameter Estimation of Moving Objects
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Yamakoshi Yoshiki
Published: December 2010

Generally, a laser Doppler velocimetry can estimate particle velocity by forming a standing wave region with crossed beams and by counting the brinks of particle scattering. If we apply this concept to microwave measurement in near field, an arrayable measurement of object parameters will be expected with low cost. This paper presents a novel velocity and volume estimation method of small object based on reflection coefficient measurement using near field sensor with an interdigital ring coupler structure. The sensor is designed with electrostatic analysis and FDTD analysis. Experiments are carried out with a constructed sensor. Experiments and simulation results agree well. It implies that this sensor has possibility to measure not only the velocity but also the volume of the target.
Improvement of Crystallization Rate in Post-Annealed Ge2Sb2Te5 Films
Authors: Kawarai Kenta , Gotoh Tamihiro
Published: December 2010

Crystallization behaviors of dc sputtered Ge2Sb2Te5 films were studied by X-ray diffraction and transient optical transmittance. Crystalline peak at 29.0° in diffraction patterns appeared after thermal annealing at 180 and 210 °C. Crystallization rate increased after thermal annealing below crystallization temperature. These observations indicate that heat-induced structural change enhances crystallization rate of Ge2Sb2Te5films.
A Novel Thermoelectric System with Conductive Metal Rods and its Effective Seebeck Coefficients
Authors: Sasaki Tomoyuki , Kondoh Yoshiomi , Hanaizumi Osamu , Goto Makoto
Published: December 2010

A novel linked thermoelectric system (LTES), fabricated by a simple structural modification of a conventional thermoelectric system (CTES) with the use of conductive metal rods, is characterized experimentally. The LTES generates higher power to the external load in comparison with the CTES, and the power increases with increasing length of the metal rods when the low temperature side of the system is set in the air at room temperature. In addition, measurements of Seebeck voltages of both the systems indicate that the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric materials in the LTES is about 1.2 times higher than that in the CTES.
High-Speed Multiple-Valued Data Transmission Based on Time-Domain Pre-Emphasis Techniques
Authors: Yuminaka Yasushi , Henmi Kenichi
Published: December 2010

This paper describes a Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) pre-emphasis technique which utilizes time-domain information processing to increase the data rate for a given bandwidth of interconnection. The PWM pre-emphasis method does not change the pulse amplitude as for conventional FIR pre-emphasis, but instead exploits timing resolution. This fits well with recent CMOS technology trends toward higher switching speeds and lower voltage headroom. We discuss multiple-valued data transmission based on time-domain pre-emphasis techniques in consideration of higher-order channel effects.
Structural Analysis of Rf Sputtered Er Doped Ta2O5 Films
Authors: Bange Jaspal Parganram , Singh Mayank Kumar , Kano Kazusa , Miura Kenta , Hanaizumi Osamu
Published: December 2010

Thin films of Er-doped Ta2O5 have been synthesized by RF sputtering. The influence of annealing temperature, number of Er tablets and annealing time on the structural properties of grown films, has been studied. The samples annealed bellow 800°C show amorphous nature. However, the sample annealed at 800°C and above shows crystalline nature of the film with β–Ta2O5 (orthorhombic) and δ–Ta2O5 (hexagonal) phase. The crystalline structure of the film is disturbed with the increase in Er concentration.
Effect of Organometallic Compounds on the Formation of Carbon Nanostructures by Pulsed Electric Discharge of Fluorine-Containing Organic Liquid between Metal Electrodes
Authors: Hosoi Katsuhiko , Kuroda Shin-ichi
Published: December 2010

The carbon nanotube and carbon nanoparticle that contain fluorine on their surfaces were prepared by a pulsed electric discharge in a fluorine-containing organic liquid. The dominant product was nanoparticles with the diameters of ca. 5–100 nm in all experiments, however, the intensity ratio of G-band (1580 cm-1) to D-band (1350 cm-1) of the Raman spectrum of the products increased by addition of a catalyst indicating the formation of crystalline particles. The product formation rate also increased to 39.3 mg/A•s with ferrocene and 79.4 mg/A•s with nickelocene while with no catalyst it resulted in 12.5 mg/A•s.
Spin Density Distribution of YTiO3 Observed by X-Ray Magnetic Diffraction
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Ito Masahisa , Tsuji Naruki , Adachi Hiromichi , Nakao Hironori , Murakami Youichi , Taguchi Yasujiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Nishibori Eiji , Sakata Makoto
Published: December 2010

An　X-ray magnetic diffraction (XMD) is applied to ferromagnetic transition metal oxide YTiO3. The spin magnetic form factors are measured for 81 reciprocal lattice points of h0l, hk0 and 0kl series. Three-dimensional spin density distribution in the real space of YTiO3 is successfully obtained by using Maximum Entropy Method (MEM). This is the first result of spin density in the real space by the XMD.
Control of Methanol Crossover Using a Perforated Metal Sheet for DMFC Application
Authors: Tsujiguchi Takuya , Masumi Naoto , Kawakubo Ayumi , Nakagawa Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2010

In this study, to control the methanol crossover occurring in a direct methanol fuel cell, DMFC, a perforated metal sheet of which the pore diameter and the porosity (open ratio) were regularly controlled was used in a passive DMFC, and the influence of the open ratio and the pore diameter on the power generation characteristics, and also on the methanol crossover of the passive DMFC were investigated on the basis of the power generation experiment at several different methanol concentrations. It was found that the pore diameter of the metal sheet did not affect the power generation characteristics and the methanol crossover in this experiment. On the other hand, the open ratio of the metal sheet significantly influenced the power generation characteristics, and the methanol transport was increased by decreasing open ratio of the metal sheets. It was found that a high concentration of methanol can be used at low open ratios below 3%. However, when the open ratio was higher than 3%, it hardly affected the current density and the mass transport. This means that the open ratio is not an important factor for the methanol transport or the electrode reaction in the range over 3%.
Incorporation of the Magnetic Quenching Effect into the Blob Model of Ps Formation. Finite Sized Ps in a Potential Well
Authors: Stepanov Sergey V. , Zvezhinskiy Dmitry , Duplâtre Gilles , Byakov Vsevolod , Batskikh Yuliya Yu. , Stepanov Petr S.
Published: December 2010

A self consistent interpretation of the positron lifetime experiments in water at different temperatures (2-93 0C) and magnetic fields (H ≤ 2 T) is given. By using the blob model of Ps for-mation we have obtained the contact density in the positronium atom in water, which is in agree-ment with the previous measurements.
A New Version of LT Program for Positron Lifetime Spectra Analysis
Authors: Giebel Dawid , Kansy Jerzy
Published: December 2010

LT 10 is a new version of LT program designed to analysis of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectra (PALS). The new program is equipped with a new user interface and other features unavailable in its previous versions. It has been created again in a modern programming language and is now compatible with the latest operating systems.
Electronic Structure via 1D Electron Momentum Densities
Authors: Kontrym-Sznajd G. , Samsel-Czekała M. , Kaprzyk S.
Published: December 2010

We demonstrate what kind of information about the electronic structure one can get from plane projections of electron densities. As an example we use one dimensional (1D) angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR) and Compton scattering spectra for Cd “measured” only for two crystal orientations. Spectra are interpreted in terms of reconstructed 2D densities both in the reduced and extended zone schemes.
Defects in Martensitic Stainless Steel 1.4031 (EN) Exposed to Friction as Seen by Positron Annihilation
Authors: Horodek Paweł , Dryzek Jerzy
Published: December 2010

We present experimental results of measurements of the Doppler broadening of annihilation line and positron annihilation lifetimes in martensitic stainless steel 1.4031 (EN) samples exposed to the dry sliding under different loads. In particular, we tested the subsurface zone under the worn surfaces. As a main result, we obtained information about the defect profiles in this zone and the total extent of the damage region induced by the dry sliding.
Effect of Dynamic Vulcanization on the Structure and Properties of Polypropylene/Rubber Mixtures Studied by Positron Annihilation and Thermostimulated Luminescence Techniques
Authors: Belousova Eleonora , Gustov Vadim , Medintseva Tatiana , Polyakova Aleksandra , Prut Eduard , Shantarovich Victor P.
Published: December 2010

The structure of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and its blends with ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer EPDM (0-100%) containing the unvulcanized and the vulcanized rubber phase were studied using positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy technique and thermostimulated luminescence (TSL). Cross-linking in the polymer blends is one of the effective ways to create novel materials with effective industrial properties. Meanwhile, composition of such systems is very complicated since it contains microphases of the dispersed components, cross-linked or not, elements of the cross-linking agents, which have some distribution between the blend components. This distribution, heterogeneity and also variation of elementary free volumes due to cross-linking are the points of interest in the study of polymer blend structures.
Positronium in Normal Alkanes. Selected Problems
Authors: Zgardzińska Bożena , Goworek T. , Zaleski R. , Wawryszczuk J.
Published: December 2010

The PALS spectra of alkanes and their binary mixtures were measured as a function of temperature and pressure. It was found that in rigid phase positronium locates in the interlamellar gap, while in the rotator phase in the vicinity of nonplanar (kinked) conformers. An interesting feature is equality of o-Ps lifetimes in rotator and liquid phases in spite of different mechanisms of Ps formation. In binary mixture of nonadecane and tricosane an instability of phase transition from rigid to rotator in the range of tricosane admixture (3-10)% was observed. The pressure and temperature dependences of o-Ps lifetime and intensity are similar, 1 K is roughly equivalent to 4 MPa. The effect of “overpressing” the rotator phase was demonstrated in the mixture containing 10% of tricosane. Unstable rotator phase was observed up to pressure of 110 MPa at 300 K, while at this pressure the stable rotator phase needs the temperature over 310 K.
Preliminary Positron Lifetime Results on Free Volumes in Cyclodextrins
Authors: Ferreira Marques Maria Fatima , Moreira Da Silva A.M.G. , Gordo P.M. , Kajcsos Z.
Published: December 2010

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was used to study the free-volume parameters in various pure -, - and -cyclodextrins samples and, in the case of β-cyclodextrin, with inclusion of S-carvone and thymoquinone. The results clearly indicate the presence of long lifetime components related to Ps-formation. The data show that the addition of S-carvone to β-cyclodextrin results in a decrease of o-Ps lifetime that we ascribe to a reduction of free volume holes from 81.8 to 63.7 Å3. The long lifetime component disappears when thymoquinone is added to -cyclodextrin, indicating this substance acts as an o-Ps quencher. For all samples studied, a decrease in the long lifetime component values was observed with increasing source in situ time, a result that might be attributed to the irradiation of the sample by the 22Na positron source.
Superplastic Flow of Metals Extruded by KoBo Method
Authors: Bochniak Włodzimierz , Ostachowski Paweł , Korbel Andrzej , Pieła K.
Published: December 2010

The extrusion of metals by the KoBo method, which is a new technological solution, allows to perform the process at low temperature with severe plastic deformation (SPD) under cyclic change of deformation path conditions. Apart from the localized plastic flow in shear bands intensive generation of point defects (self interstitials) takes place. It is important that excessive concentration of interstitial atoms is preserved in extruded products and often takes the shape of nanoclusters. Their presence causes that the effect of superplasticity (e.g. about 800% elongation of aluminum alloy 7075) does not require nanometric sizes of the grains and appears in metals extruded by the KoBo method with grains of over dozen or even several dozen micrometers. The results suggest the necessity to verify the mechanisms currently considered as decisive of the superplastic flow of metals.
Hydrogen Sorption Properties of the Complex Hydride Mg2FeH6 Consolidated by HPT
Authors: De Lima Gisele Ferreira , Leiva Daniel Rodrigo , Ishikawa Tomaz Toshimi , Bolfarini Claudemiro , Kiminami Claudio Shyinti , Botta Filho Walter José , Jorge Alberto Moreira
Published: December 2010

In the present work, we have processed 2Mg-Fe mixtures by reactive milling (RM) under hydrogen atmosphere to synthesize Mg2FeH6 phase in the powder form which were then systematically processed by High Pressure Torsion (HPT) to produce bulk samples. The bulk samples were characterized in terms of microstructural and structural analyses and of hydrogen desorption properties. The hydrogen sorption properties after HPT processing was evaluated in comparison with the Mg2FeH6 powder obtained by RM and with commercial MgH2. HPT processing of Mg2FeH6 can produce bulks with a high density of defects that drastically lower the activation barrier for hydrogen desorption. Therefore, the bulk nanocrystalline Mg2FeH6 samples show endothermic hydrogen decomposition peak at a temperature around 320°C. In addition, when compared with the Mg2FeH6 and MgH2 powders, the Mg2FeH6 HPT disks showed the same results presented by the Mg2FeH6 powders and certainly decreases the onset transition temperature by as much as 160°C when compared with the MgH2 powders.
Hysteresis Magnetic Properties of Nd-Ho-Fe-Co-B Alloys after Intense Plastic Deformation
Authors: Tereshina Irina S. , Tereshina Evgeniya A. , Burkhanov Gennadiy S. , Dobatkin Sergey V.
Published: December 2010

In the present work a study of the influence of structural state on magnetic hysteresis properties of (Nd,Ho)2(Fe0.8Co0.2)14B compound was carried out. Starting alloy was prepared by induction melting in an Ar atmosphere. Nd-Ho-Fe-Co-B alloys with a nanograin structure were obtained by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Electron microscopy and X-ray analysis were used for the structural investigation. The magnetization measurements were performed using a SQUID magnetometer. It is shown that the relatively high values of coercive force are observed in case of achieved nanograin structure in (Nd,Ho)2(Fe0.8Co0.2)14B. The effect of structural state on hysteresis properties of Y2(Fe0.8Co0.2)14B is also investigated.
Electrochemical Properties of UFG CP-Ti in Ringer’s Solution
Authors: Jiang Hong , Xie Chao Ying
Published: December 2010

The effect of ECAE pass number on the electrochemical properties of CP-Ti was investigated by electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization test, potentiodynamic polarization test and surface analyses (OM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in Ringer’s solution at 37°C. The results show that the corrosion resistance of muli-pass ECAE CP-Ti samples is superior to the coarse grain CP-Ti. The effect of texture of ECAEed samples parallel to the surface on the corrosion properties has been discussed.
Study on the Fabrication of Nanocrystalline Copper by Explosive Dynamic Loading
Authors: Wang Jin Xiang , Zhou Nan , Yang Rui
Published: December 2010

By the method of severe plastic deformation at high strain rate of coarse-grained copper under explosively dynamic loading, nanocrystalline copper with the average grain size less than 200 nanometer was fabricated. The mechanism of grain-refining was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the deformation processes were simulated using Ls-Dyna3d finite element program and the effects of the strain, strain rate as well as temperature rise on grain-refining were analysed systematically. The results show that it is feasible to fabricate nanocrystalline copper by explosively dynamic plastic deformation of coarse-grained copper; twin crystal and dislocation are the main mechanism of grain-refining; higher strain and lower temperature rise are beneficial to the grain refining; the distribution of the grain size is not uniform along the loading direction.
Wear Resistance of SPD-Processed Alloys
Authors: Gao Nong , Wang Chuan Ting , Wood Robert J.K. , Langdon Terence G.
Published: December 2010

Various different severe plastic deformation processes (SPD) have been developed to produce ultra-fine grained (UFG) materials during the last two decades. One very important material property that the UFG materials should have for structural materials application is good wear resistance. This review paper presents some recent work related to the wear resistance of materials processed by SPD, in particular for alloys processed by using equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and accumulative roll-bonding (ARB).
Sliding Wear Behavior of Severely Deformed 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) Process
Authors: Eizadjou Mehdi , Talachi Armin Kazemi , Manesh Habib Danesh , Janghorban Kamal
Published: December 2010

Sliding wear behavior of severely deformed 6061 aluminum alloy sheets by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process subjected to dry sliding wear at different loading and sliding velocities was investigated using a pin on disc wear machine. The sheets were processed up to five ARB cycles in order to induce a high strain (~ 4.0) to the samples. EBSD results showed that after five cycles of ARB, sheets were found to contain ultra-fine grains with high fraction of high angle grain boundaries. Wear was continuously monitored by measuring the weight losses and morphologies of worn surfaces by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a model for the wear of the ARB-processed samples was proposed.