bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do rigorosamente vago e seu papel na tradução
Authors: Oliveira Paulo , Azize Rafael
Published: January 2022

Na investigação acadêmica/científica, o vago é usualmente tratado como desvio do exato. Na teoria da tradução, isso toma corpo no conceito tradicional de ‘equivalência’ como igualdade a priori e no nível do sistema linguístico. Contra essa visão, retomamos aqui uma aproximação entre o conceito de ‘normas tradutórias’ de Gideon Toury e a concepção de linguagem do Wittgen­stein tardio, orientando-nos também pelos comentários do filósofo brasileiro Arley Moreno. Defendemos que o vago tem precedência lógica ante o preciso, na linguagem tout court e na tradução de modo específico. Isso se aplica particularmente aos vetores ‘adequação’ e ‘aceitabilidade’ que Toury apresenta em seu “kit do tradutor” — a partir do conceito de ‘semelhança de família’ do Wittgenstein tardio.
O relativismo linguístico dos nomes populares das espécies da fauna e da flora
Authors: Martins Sabrina de Cássia , Zavaglia Claudia
Published: January 2022

A necessidade de comunicação para ulterior divulgação do conhecimento é premente no mundo atual. No âmbito dos estudos linguísticos, tal problemática abrange a relação de interdependência entre língua, cultura e sociedade. O presente trabalho situa-se no conjunto de estudos em tradução voltados para o discurso especializado (CABRÉ, 2010; HURTADO ALBIR, 2011) e toma como base o princípio do Relativismo Linguístico (WHORF, 1956) e, em uma perspectiva comparativa de análise, volta sua atenção ao léxico (BIDERMAN, 2001; 2006), em especial, às terminologias (CABRÉ, 1999; 2008). Dessa forma, tendo como foco os nomes populares em língua portuguesa que denominam as espécies da fauna e da flora, bem como sua tradução nas línguas inglesa e italiana, investigamos como o processamento conceitual de falantes de línguas distintas resultam em classificações igualmente distintas, que relatam pontos de vista sobre o mundo nem sempre convergentes.
Análise de formações colocacionais (português-francês) em resumos de artigos de energia solar fotovoltaica
Authors: Bastianello Renata Tonini
Published: January 2022

A crescente importância da energia solar fotovoltaica (ESF) para diversificar a matriz energética mundial fez com que textos especializados da área circulassem entre diferentes países e em diversas esferas com demanda de tradução. São textos escritos por especialistas e estruturados segundo a cultura de seus autores. Nesse contexto, nossa pesquisa de doutorado analisa contrastivamente o discurso dos especialistas em ESF em artigos acadêmicos e resumos de artigos, em português e francês, para verificar as influências de cada cultura na produção e na organização do discurso. Para tanto, utilizamos a Linguística de Corpus (Berber Sardinha 2004; Viana; Tagnin 2015) e a Retórica Contrastiva (Kaplan 1966; Connor 2002 [1996]). Neste trabalho, apresentaremos as formações colocacionais encontradas nas primeiras análises feitas nas introduções dos resumos que compõem nosso corpus.
La investigación sobre los elementos culturales en los estudios de traducción. Un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Aixelá Javier Franco
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis bibliométrico de la producción académica sobre la relación entre cultura y traducción. Tras poner de manifiesto la importancia central de lo cultural para comprender los estudios de traducción modernos como disciplina autónoma, se presenta la metodología empírica, que extrae los datos de la base de datos bibliográfica BITRA, con más de 83.000 referencias comentadas en diciembre de 2020. A continuación se analizan parámetros bibliométricos básicos como la productividad, la concurrencia temática, la distribución por lenguas, los formatos de publicación o el impacto en un intento de comprender la evolución y la naturaleza de este objeto de estudio.
Les arbres du Brésil dans deux dictionnaires historiques : Le Dictionnaire universel de Basnage et le Vocabulario de Bluteau
Authors: Graveleau Sara , Williams Geoffrey , Villalva Alina
Published: January 2022

Publié en 1701, la version du Dictionnaire universel de Furetière révisée par l’émigré protestant Henri Basnage de Beauval contient de nombreuses mentions de la flore et de la faune brésiliennes, ce qui peut parait surprenant dans un dictionnaire de français. L’explication de cette singularité lexicographique se trouve dans le fait que Basnage a fait appel à un expert en histoire naturelle, le Dr. Régis, médecin huguenot réfugié à Amsterdam. Régis a créé des entrées très détaillées à partir de nombreuses sources en botanique et de récits des voyageurs de l’époque. L’approche qu’il propose dans ces entrées est véritablement encyclopédique. Dans ce texte, nous analysons les entrées concernant des arbres du Brésil afin de retrouver l’ensemble des textes sources employés par Régis. Nous comparons les entrées du Dictionnaire universel avec l’autre grand dictionnaire encyclopédique de l’époque, le Vocabulario portugais compilé par Bluteau (1712-1728). Les sources utilisées par Bluteau nous permettent quant à elles de mieux comprendre les descriptions de la flore brésilienne à une époque où la classification des plantes restait à faire et où la terminologie botanique était encore balbutiante.
Valesca Popozuda: ministra da Educação
Authors: Berino Aristoteles
Published: January 2022

Os chamados funks sensuais fazem parte da cultura juvenil da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Valesca Popozuda é uma das suas principais estrelas, amplamente conhecida através das mídias. As vozes femininas do funk chamam atenção pelas letras que narram façanhas e fantasias que destoam da imagem que são destinadas ao sexo feminino. São vozes que que presentificam existências recalcadas pelo falocentrismo dominantes nas narrativas sobre o amor, o sexo e a vida na cidade. Seus aspectos políticos e culturais são agora estudados e debatidos. A política convencional também desperta para a cultura popular das periferias. O artigo lembra dois encontros ocorridos entre Lula e Valesca Popuzada, nos anos de 2008 e 2009. Oportunidade para a funkeira entregar ao então presidente uma letra de música que fala da favela, do funk, dos jovens e até da possibilidade de ser ministra da Educação. O artigo discute a intromissão das vozes femininas dos funks sensuais na vida das cidades como agenciamento politicamente significativo através das interpelações que produz. Na tradição dos estudos culturais, se propõe a problematizar o poder através também da criação popular no circuito da cidade.
Alfabetização científica e cartográfica no ensino de ciências e geografia: polissemia do termo, processos de enculturação e suas implicações para o ensino
Authors: Guridi Veronica , Cazetta Valéria
Published: January 2022

Neste trabalho realizamos uma análise crítica com relação ao significado do conceito “alfabetização científica” dentro do campo da Educação em Ciências e em Geografia. Constatamos que o termo é ainda bastante polissêmico e que dependendo do enfoque adotado, se seguem diferentes implicações para o ensino de Ciências. Concluímos mostrando uma definição do termo que incorpora elementos dos recentes estudos na área bem como da vertente dos Estudos Culturais em Educação.
Funk ostentação em São Paulo: imaginação, consumo e novas tecnologia da informação e da comunicação
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Barbosa
Published: January 2022

O artigo aborda a configuração recente de um movimento musical, protagonizado principalmente por jovens de origem pobre, em São Paulo, o funk ostentação. A partir da pesquisa em casas noturnas e da observação de videoclipes na internet, explora-se a importância das referências a marcas de diferentes produtos e bens de valor elevado e a imagem como componente fundamental para a apresentação e divulgação desse estilo musical. Nesse circuito funk, a proposição de Arjun Appadurai sobre a centralidade do deslocamento pelas migrações e novas tecnologias da comunicação mostra-se como um caminho importante para se refletir sobre esse funk a partir da ideia de imaginação.
Rolezinhos: Marcas, consumo e segregação no Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro-Machado Rosana , Scalco Lucia Mury
Published: January 2022

No início de 2014, o fenômeno conhecido como rolezinho ganhou ampla visibilidade nacional e internacional. Trata-se de adolescentes das periferias urbanas que se reúnem em grande número para passear nos shopping centers de suas cidades. O evento causou apreensão nos frequentadores e fez com que alguns proprietários dos estabelecimentos conseguissem o direito na justiça de proibir a realização dos rolezinhos, barrando o acesso dos jovens. Desde então, emergiu um amplo debate sobre segregação na sociedade brasileira. Com base em uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre consumo popular com jovens da periferia de Porto Alegre, o artigo analisa o fenômeno dos rolezinhos, abordando suas dimensões locais, nacionais e globais. Levando em consideração o atual momento brasileiro, que versa sobre políticas de ascensão social via consumo e sobre uma onda de protestos de inquietação social, argumentamos que os rolezinhos estão se modificando e encontrando diversas formas de discutir e realizar política cotidiana no âmago de uma sociedade segregada.
Cardiorenal Effects of Long‐Term Phosphodiesterase V Inhibition in Pre–Heart Failure
Authors: Hubers Scott A. , Wan Siu‐Hin , Adel Fadi W. , Benike Sherry L. , Burnett John C. , Scott Christopher , Chen Horng H.
Published: January 2022

Background

Phosphodiesterase V (PDEV) is upregulated in heart failure, leading to increased degradation of cGMP and impaired natriuresis. PDEV inhibition improves the renal response to B‐type natriuretic peptide in animal models. We tested the hypothesis that long‐term PDEV inhibition would improve renal function and cardiorenal response after short‐term volume load in subjects with pre–heart failure.

Methods and Results

A total of 20 subjects with pre–heart failure (defined as an ejection fraction ≤45% without previous diagnosis of heart failure) and renal impairment were randomized in a 2:1 manner to tadalafil or placebo. Baseline echocardiography and renal clearance study were performed, followed by a short‐term saline load and repeated echocardiography and renal clearance study. Subjects then received either tadalafil at a goal dose of 20 mg daily or placebo, and the study day was repeated after 12 weeks. Long‐term tadalafil did not improve glomerular filtration rate (median increase of 2.0 mL/min in the tadalafil group versus 13.5 mL/min in the placebo group;
P
=0.54). There was no difference in urinary sodium or cGMP excretion with PDEV inhibition following short‐term saline loading.

Conclusions

Glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium/cGMP excretion were not significantly different after 12 weeks of tadalafil compared with placebo. These results do not support the use of PDEV inhibition to improve renal response in patients with pre–heart failure.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01970176.
Outcome of Antibody‐Mediated Fetal Heart Disease With Standardized Anti‐Inflammatory Transplacental Treatment
Authors: Mawad Wadi , Hornberger Lisa , Cuneo Bettina , Raboisson Marie‐Josée , Moon‐Grady Anita J. , Lougheed Jane , Diab Karim , Parkman Julia , Silverman Earl , Jaeggi Edgar
Published: January 2022

Background

Transplacental fetal treatment of immune‐mediated fetal heart disease, including third‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB III) and endocardial fibroelastosis, is controversial.

Methods and Results

To study the impact of routine transplacental fetal treatment, we reviewed 130 consecutive cases, including 108 with AVB III and 22 with other diagnoses (first‐degree/second‐degree atrioventricular block [n=10]; isolated endocardial fibroelastosis [n=9]; atrial bradycardia [n=3]). Dexamethasone was started at a median of 22.4 gestational weeks. Additional treatment for AVB III included the use of a β‐agonist (n=47) and intravenous immune globulin (n=34). Fetal, neonatal, and 1‐year survival rates with AVB III were 95%, 93%, and 89%, respectively. Variables present at diagnosis that were associated with perinatal death included an atrial rate <90 beats per minute (odds ratio [OR], 258.4; 95% CI, 11.5–5798.9;
P
<0.001), endocardial fibroelastosis (OR, 28.9; 95% CI, 1.6–521.7;
P
<0.001), fetal hydrops (OR, 25.5; 95% CI, 4.4–145.3;
P
<0.001), ventricular dysfunction (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.5–39.4;
P
=0.03), and a ventricular rate <45 beats per minute (OR, 12.9; 95% CI, 1.75–95.8;
P
=0.034). At a median follow‐up of 5.9 years, 85 of 100 neonatal survivors were paced, and 1 required a heart transplant for dilated cardiomyopathy. Cotreatment with intravenous immune globulin was used in 16 of 22 fetuses with diagnoses other than AVB III. Neonatal and 1‐year survival rates of this cohort were 100% and 95%, respectively. At a median age of 3.1 years, 5 of 21 children were paced, and all had normal ventricular function.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a low risk of perinatal mortality and postnatal cardiomyopathy in fetuses that received transplacental dexamethasone±other treatment from the time of a new diagnosis of immune‐mediated heart disease.
Deep Phenotypic Analysis for Transposition of the Great Arteries and Prognosis Implication
Authors: Shen Huayan , He Qiyu , Shao Xinyang , Li Shoujun , Zhou Zhou
Published: January 2022

Background

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) consists of about 3% of all congenital heart diseases and 20% of cyanotic congenital heart diseases. It is always accompanied by a series of other cardiac malformations that affect the surgical intervention strategy as well as prognosis. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the phenotypes of the patients who had TGA with concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculoarterial connections and explored their association with prognosis.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed 666 patients with a diagnosis of TGA with concordant atrioventricular and discordant ventriculoarterial connections in Fuwai Hospital from 1997 to 2019. Under the guidance of the Human Phenotype Ontology database, patients were classified into 3 clusters. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to analyze the prognosis, and the Cox proportional regression model was used to investigate the risk factors. In this 666‐patient TGA cohort, the overall 5‐year survival rate was 94.70% (92.95%–96.49%). Three clusters with distinct phenotypes were obtained by the Human Phenotype Ontology database. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed a significant difference in freedom from reintervention among 3 clusters (
P
<0.001). To eliminate the effect of surgeries, we analyzed patients who only received an arterial switch operation and still found a significant difference in reintervention (
P
=0.019).

Conclusions

We delineated a big cardiovascular phenotypic profile of an unprecedentedly large TGA cohort and successfully risk stratified them to reveal prognostic significance. Also, we reported the outcomes of a large TGA population in China.
Killing or Sparing Inedible Animals: Ādāb and Internormativity in al-Jīlānī’s Kitāb al-Ghunya
Authors: Sohbi (صبرينة صحبي) Sabrina I.
Published: January 2022

This article draws on an excerpt of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (d. 561/1166) in his al-Ghunya li-Ṭālibī al-Ḥaqq (“The Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path to the Truth [God]”), dealing with ādāb related to killing or sparing inedible animals. It first pleads for a detailed textual analysis, in order to understand the normative frame the author uses. Keeping away from an exclusive juridical perspective, we try to consider Islamic normativity as a whole, using a holistic normative methodology and encompassing ādāb, popular beliefs, and spiritual tenets beyond fiqh rules. This analysis is the key to find out which function do ādāb toward animals have for believers.
A History of Symbolic Violence: A Spatial Temporal Exploration of the Cultural Capital Legacy of Bengali Pedagogy
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: January 2022

This study explores historic class-based obstacles in the dispensation of secular pedagogy in the Bengal region with the objective of presenting a better understating of the present pedagogical positioning of the British Bangladeshi diaspora of Tower Hamlets. This study charts the visitation of symbolic violence in the historical development of pedagogy under colonial rule and continues into the East Pakistan period. Through the application of Pierre Bourdieu’s primary thinking tools the discussion asserts Muslim Bengalis were educationally marginalised by both colonialists and local elites in the realisation of human capital consumption.
Politics of Manufacturing Consent in a Post-Truth Society
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit
Published: January 2022

This article critically examines how human life today is faced with issues of dishonesty and deception. Using the concept of post-truth in analyzing and understanding the context of change in a global society under neo-liberalism, it focuses on the way powerful people, groups, political parties, and media now take recourse to strategies such as falsification, manipulation, or deception to influence and control the human mind. Those involved in doing this use nostalgic narratives, idealize a fictional past and generate conspiracy theories to create false consciousness and thereby colonize the life world. Such colonization not only promotes social pathologies but also limits the democratic, secular, and plural spirits of multicultural nations like India. The article ends by arguing that there are limits to such politics and the best alternative to the conundrum is the assertion of human subjectivity and agency, and alternative media can play a major role in this endeavor.
The impact of trust on social and financial capital acquisition: A resource integration perspective in minority-owned entrepreneurial organisations
Authors: Pegram Ronald L , Clarke Camelia L , Peltier James W , Parboteeah K Praveen
Published: January 2022

Although effective resource integration is a critical requisite for entrepreneurial success, the literature suggests there are crucial gaps for minority entrepreneurs. We examine how interracial distrust (ID), an indicator of the extent to which minority entrepreneurs distrust other races, is related to internal and social capital. We examine the relationships of such capitals on the willingness to borrow from banks and friends, and explore the link with firm performance. Using a sample of 276 primarily African American entrepreneurs, we find support for most of our hypotheses. We find that ID is negatively associated with external social capital and a willingness to borrow from banks. Surprisingly, we found that ID had a negative effect on internal social capital and a willingness to borrow from friends. We also found that internal and external social capital was positively related to firm performance. We discuss the implications of some of these surprising research findings as well as the policy implications.
Study on the cleaning effect of atomized droplets on the aero-engine
Authors: Shi Xudong , Huo Jinjian , Hu Jianwei , Lu Xin
Published: January 2022

The aero-engine will produce fouling during operation, which will affect the engine performance. On-line cleaning can effectively remove fouling, in order to solve the problem of the poor cleaning effect for aero-engine on-wing cleaning and carry out numerical simulation of the on-line cleaning process. The discrete phase model is used to optimize the particle size and mass flow of the cleaning fluid. The erosion rate and vorticity of the droplets on the blade surface are used as the effect target to simulate and optimize the cleaning process parameters to obtain a better particle size range and the ratio of cleaning fluid to air mass flow. Through the evaluation of the cleaning process parameters of the aero-engine on-wing cleaning test and the analysis of the engine exhaust temperature margin (EGTM) data, it is concluded that the cleaning effect is improved by nearly 40%.
What explains party unity? A test of competing theories
Authors: Holt Jacob
Published: January 2022

Several theories have been created to explain party unity in Congress, but previous studies have generally assumed the same factors affect party unity for both parties. Given the differences between the two parties (the ideological heterogeneity of their electoral coalitions, how the party’s electoral coalitions view partisanship, etc.), this assumption may limit our understanding of the sources of party unity. In this paper, I test three theories of party unity (cartel theory, Conditional Party Government, and Strategic Party Government) on separate panels for the two parties. I find cartel theory helps explain party unity for both parties, but, unlike what has previously been argued, I find this is not entirely due to Reed’s Rules. I further find Conditional Party Government better explains party unity for the Republicans, while Strategic Party Government better explains party unity for the Democrats. I provide theoretical reasons for these findings and how they may impact future research.
What Influences Rice Farmers’ Choices of Credit Sources in Côte d’Ivoire? An Econometric Analysis using the Multinomial Conditional Logit Model
Authors: Ouattara N’Banan , Xiong Xueping , Bakayoko Moussa , Bi Trazié Bertrand Athanase Youan , Sedebo Dessalegn Anshiso , Ballo Zié
Published: January 2022

In Côte d’Ivoire, the low participation of smallholder farmers in the credit market remains a matter of concern. This study examines the key determinants of rice farmers’ participation in the credit market. We use a Multinomial Conditional Logit model to consider the characteristics related to the use of different credit sources. A total of 588 rice farmers were randomly sampled from seven rice areas. Our findings reveal that gender, age, education level, experience in rice farming, rice plot size, lowland rice farming, extension contact, membership of a farmer-based organization, marketing of paddy rice, and off-farm income significantly influence the use of different credit sources. While credit requirements such as saving plus collateral, kinship/friendship, membership, favoured client, loan maturity, and the distance between borrowers and lenders are credit source-specific variables that significantly determine rice farmers’ choices between different credit sources. These empirical results show that in addition to farmer-specific variables, policymakers should consider the characteristics of credit sources for developing a credit market suitable for smallholder farmers.
Occam’s Razor and Managing Acute Thrombosis in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Lovelock Thomas , Walker Stuart R , Thoo Catherine
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly influenced the practice of medicine in Australia over the last 24 months. Recently, the development of several vaccines to COVID-19 has been accompanied by reports of an associated rare syndrome of thrombosis and thrombocytopaenia (VITTS). The possibility of this rare disorder confronts all clinicians who deal with acute thrombosis, particularly given the prevalence of patients who have recently been immunised. However, VITTS remains rare, and we believe unnecessary focus on its potential diagnosis may distract from other more common causes of acute thrombosis. We discuss this with reference to a recent case at our institution.
Claudication due to adventitial cystic degeneration: A differential diagnosis of peripheral artery disease
Authors: Tayeh M , Galkin P , Majd P
Published: January 2022

Background

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is an important and rare non-atherosclerotic cause of intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia. Since the first case of CAD involving the external iliac artery was described by Atkins and Key in 1947, approximately 300 additional cases have been reported.

Objectives

The aim of this article is to report a rare vascular disorder, predominantly seen in young healthy men with minimal cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

We report a rare case of cystic adventitial disease of a young policeman. To confirm the diagnosis, an ultrasonography and a conventional angiography were performed. The therapeutic approach was surgical first.

Results

The procedure was successful without any complication, and the patient was discharged to home 4 days after procedure.

Conclusion

While CAD is rare, the diagnosis should be suspected in a young patient who presents with arterial insufficiency and no risk factors for atherosclerosis. Catheter angiography is the investigation of choice in the absence of multislice CT and good MRA. It seems that the treatment that assures the best long-term results is reconstructive arterial bypass surgery.
The Influence of Regional Differences on the Reliability of the AO Spine Sacral Injury Classification System
Authors: Karamian Brian A. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Canseco Jose A. ,   AO Spine Sacral Classification Group Members, Vialle Emiliano N. , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan , Benneker Lorin M. , Dvorak Marcel R. , Kandziora Frank , Oner Cumhur , Schnake Klaus , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: January 2022

Study Design

Global cross-sectional survey.

Objective

To explore the influence of geographic region on the AO Spine Sacral Classification System.

Methods

A total of 158 AO Spine and AO Trauma members from 6 AO world regions (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin and South America, Middle East, and North America) participated in a live webinar to assess the reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy of classifying sacral fractures using the AO Spine Sacral Classification System. This evaluation was performed with 26 cases presented in randomized order on 2 occasions 3 weeks apart.

Results

A total of 8320 case assessments were performed. All regions demonstrated excellent intraobserver reproducibility for fracture morphology. Respondents from Europe (k = .80) and North America (k = .86) achieved excellent reproducibility for fracture subtype while respondents from all other regions displayed substantial reproducibility. All regions demonstrated at minimum substantial interobserver reliability for fracture morphology and subtype. Each region demonstrated >90% accuracy in classifying fracture morphology and >80% accuracy in fracture subtype compared to the gold standard. Type C morphology (p2 = .0000) and A3 (p1 = .0280), B2 (p1 = .0015), C0 (p1 = .0085), and C2 (p1 =.0016, p2 =.0000) subtypes showed significant regional disparity in classification accuracy (p1 = Assessment 1, p2 = Assessment 2). Respondents from Asia (except in A3) and the combined group of North, Latin, and South America had accuracy percentages below the combined mean, whereas respondents from Europe consistently scored above the mean.

Conclusions

In a global validation study of the AO Spine Sacral Classification System, substantial reliability of both fracture morphology and subtype classification was found across all geographic regions.
Entrepreneurial Start-up Motivations and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: The Role of Entrepreneur’s Personality Traits
Authors: Ismail Ismail J.
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the mediating effect of personality traits in the relationship between entrepreneurial start-up motivations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth. A gap has been identified in the literature, particularly in the indirect association of critical factors that may be beneficial to the growth of SMEs. In this study, a cross-sectional survey design was used because data were collected once in a time. Furthermore, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data obtained from 367 SMEs’ owners. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial start-up motivations such as a desire for achievement, financial rewards, social recognition and a desire for independence are positively and significantly related to SMEs’ growth. Also, entrepreneurial start-up motivations positively and significantly influence personality traits among entrepreneurs. It was found that there is a significant link between personality traits and the SMEs’ growth. Additionally, the findings indicate that personality traits mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial start-up motivations and SMEs’ growth. The study’s findings have implications for the practices and theories in the entrepreneurship context.
Biological Stability of Water-Based Cutting Fluids: Progress and Application
Authors: Tang Lizhi , Zhang Yanbin , Li Changhe , Zhou Zongming , Nie Xiaolin , Chen Yun , Cao Huajun , Liu Bo , Zhang Naiqing , Said Zafar , Debnath Sujan , Jamil Muhammad , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Sharma Shubham
Published: January 2022

The application of cutting fluid in the field of engineering manufacturing has a history of hundreds of years, and it plays a vital role in the processing efficiency and surface quality of parts. Among them, water-based cutting fluid accounts for more than 90% of the consumption of cutting fluid. However, long-term recycling of water-based cutting fluid could easily cause deterioration, and the breeding of bacteria could cause the cutting fluid to fail, increase manufacturing costs, and even endanger the health of workers. Traditional bactericides could improve the biological stability of cutting fluids, but they are toxic to the environment and do not conform to the development trend of low-carbon manufacturing. Low-carbon manufacturing is inevitable and the direction of sustainable manufacturing. The use of nanomaterials, transition metal complexes, and physical sterilization methods on the bacterial cell membrane and genetic material could effectively solve this problem. In this article, the mechanism of action of additives and microbial metabolites was first analyzed. Then, the denaturation mechanism of traditional bactericides on the target protein and the effect of sterilization efficiency were summarized. Further, the mechanism of nanomaterials disrupting cell membrane potential was discussed. The effects of lipophilicity and the atomic number of transition metal complexes on cell membrane penetration were also summarized, and the effects of ultraviolet rays and ozone on the destruction of bacterial genetic material were reviewed. In other words, the bactericidal performance, hazard, degradability, and economics of various sterilization methods were comprehensively evaluated, and the potential development direction of improving the biological stability of cutting fluid was proposed.
Prevalence of SARS-Cov-2 antibodies and living conditions: the French national random population-based EPICOV cohort
Authors: Warszawski Josiane , Beaumont Anne-Lise , Seng Rémonie , de Lamballerie Xavier , Rahib Delphine , Lydié Nathalie , Slama Rémy , Durrleman Sylvain , Raynaud Philippe , Sillard Patrick , Beck François , Meyer Laurence , Bajos Nathalie ,   The EPICOV study group, Warszawski Josiane , Bajos Nathalie , Barlet Muriel , Beck François , Counil Emilie , Jusot Florence , Leduc Aude , Lydié Nathalie , Martin Claude , Meyer Laurence , Raynaud Philippe , Rouquette Alexandra , Pailhé Ariane , Paliod Nicolas , Rahib Delphine , Sillard Patrick , Spire Alexis
Published: January 2022

Background

We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in France and to identify the populations most exposed during the first epidemic wave.

Methods

Random selection of individuals aged 15 years or over, from the national tax register (96% coverage). Socio-economic data, migration history, and living conditions were collected via self-computer-assisted-web or computer-assisted-telephone interviews. Home self-sampling was performed for a random subsample, to detect IgG antibodies against spike protein (Euroimmun), and neutralizing antibodies with in-house assays, in dried blood spots (DBS).

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 134,391 participants from May 2nd to June 2st, 2020, including 17,441 eligible for DBS 12,114 of whom were tested. ELISA-S seroprevalence was 4.5% [95% CI 3.9–5.0] overall, reaching up to 10% in the two most affected areas. High-density residences, larger household size, having reported a suspected COVID-19 case in the household, working in healthcare, being of intermediate age and non-daily tobacco smoking were independently associated with seropositivity, whereas living with children or adolescents did not remain associated after adjustment for household size. Adjustment for both residential density and household size accounted for much of the higher seroprevalence in immigrants born outside Europe, twice that in French natives in univariate analysis.

Conclusion

The EPICOV cohort is one of the largest national representative population-based seroprevalence surveys for COVID-19. It shows the major role of contextual living conditions in the initial spread of COVID-19 in France, during which the availability of masks and virological tests was limited.
Does health service funding go where the need is? A prototype spatial access analysis for new urban contracts data
Authors: Koschinsky Julia , Marwell Nicole P. , Mansour Raed
Published: January 2022

Background

Much of spatial access research measures the proximity to health service locations. We advance this research by focusing on whether health service funding is within walkable reach of neighborhoods with high hardship. This is made possible by a new administrative data source: financial contracts data for those human services that are delivered by nonprofits under contract with the government.

Methods

In a prototypical spatial access study we apply a classic 2-step floating area catchment model for walkable network access to analyze 2018 data about contracted nonprofit health services funded by the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH). CDPH collected the data for the purpose of this study.

Results

We find that the common container approach of aggregating contract amounts by provider headquarter locations in a given area (ignoring satellite service sites) underestimates the share of funding that goes to Chicago neighborhoods with higher hardship. Once service sites and spatial access are taken into account, a larger share of CDPH funds was found to be within walkable reach of Chicago’s high hardship areas. This was followed by low hardship areas (which could be driven by more headquarter locations there that do serve areas throughout the city). Medium hardship areas trail both, perhaps warranting closer attention. We explore these results by program type and neighborhood with a spatial decision support system developed for the health department.

Conclusions

The typical approach for analyzing human service contracts based on headquarters is misleading -- in fact, we find that results are reversed when service sites and walkable access are taken into account. This prototype provides an alternative framework for avoiding these misleading results.
Comparison of mucin-1 in human breast cancer and canine mammary gland tumor: a review study
Authors: Vafaei Rana , Samadi Mitra , Hosseinzadeh Aysooda , Barzaman Khadijeh , Esmailinejad MohammadReza , Khaki Zohreh , Farahmand Leila
Published: January 2022

Mucin-1 (MUC-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which bears many similarities between dogs and humans. Since the existence of animal models is essential to understand the significant factors involved in breast cancer mechanisms, canine mammary tumors (CMTs) could be used as a spontaneously occurring tumor model for human studies. Accordingly, this review assessed the comparison of canine and human MUC-1 based on their diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and showed how comparative oncology approaches could provide insights into translating pre-clinical trials from human to veterinary oncology and vice versa which could benefit both humans and dogs.
Intervention usage for the management of low back pain in a chiropractic teaching clinic
Authors: Csiernik Ben , Smith Ali , Plener Joshua , Tibbles Anthony , Young James J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Despite numerous low back pain (LBP) clinical practice guidelines, published studies suggest guideline nonconcordant care is still offered. However, there is limited literature evaluating the degree to which chiropractors, particularly students, follow clinical practice guidelines when managing LBP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of use of specific interventions for LBP by students at a chiropractic teaching clinic, mapping recommended, not recommend, and without recommendation interventions based on two clinical practice guidelines.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College teaching clinic with a new complaint of LBP from January to July 2019. Interventions provided under treatment plans for each patient were extracted. Interventions were classified as recommended, not recommended, or without recommendation according to two guidelines, the NICE and OPTIMa LBP guideline.

Results

1000 patient files were identified with 377 files meeting the inclusion criteria. The most frequent interventions provided to patients were manipulation/mobilization (99%) and soft tissue therapy (91%). Exercise, localized percussion, and advice and/or education were included in just under half of the treatment plans. Patient files contained similar amounts of recommended (70%) and not recommended (80%) interventions according to the NICE guideline classification, with half the treatment plans including an intervention without recommendation. Under the OPTIMa acute guideline, patient files contained similar amounts of recommended and not recommended care, while more recommended care was provided than not recommended under the OPTIMa chronic guideline.

Conclusions

Despite chiropractic interns providing guideline concordant care for the majority of LBP patients, interventions classified as not recommended and without recommendation are still frequently offered. This study provides a starting point to understand the treatment interventions provided by chiropractic interns. Further research should be conducted to improve our understanding of the use of LBP guideline recommended care in the chiropractic profession.

Trial registration

Open Science Framework # g74e8.
Sleep and circadian rhythms in Parkinson’s disease and preclinical models
Authors: Hunt Jeremy , Coulson Elizabeth J. , Rajnarayanan Rajendram , Oster Henrik , Videnovic Aleksandar , Rawashdeh Oliver
Published: January 2022

The use of animals as models of human physiology is, and has been for many years, an indispensable tool for understanding the mechanisms of human disease. In Parkinson’s disease, various mouse models form the cornerstone of these investigations. Early models were developed to reflect the traditional histological features and motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. However, it is important that models accurately encompass important facets of the disease to allow for comprehensive mechanistic understanding and translational significance. Circadian rhythm and sleep issues are tightly correlated to Parkinson’s disease, and often arise prior to the presentation of typical motor deficits. It is essential that models used to understand Parkinson’s disease reflect these dysfunctions in circadian rhythms and sleep, both to facilitate investigations into mechanistic interplay between sleep and disease, and to assist in the development of circadian rhythm-facing therapeutic treatments. This review describes the extent to which various genetically- and neurotoxically-induced murine models of Parkinson’s reflect the sleep and circadian abnormalities of Parkinson’s disease observed in the clinic.
Challenge accepted: uncovering the role of rare genetic variants in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khani Marzieh , Gibbons Elizabeth , Bras Jose , Guerreiro Rita
Published: January 2022

The search for rare variants in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is usually deemed a high-risk - high-reward situation. The challenges associated with this endeavor are real. Still, the application of genome-wide technologies to large numbers of cases and controls or to small, well-characterized families has started to be fruitful.

Rare variants associated with AD have been shown to increase risk or cause disease, but also to protect against the development of AD. All of these can potentially be targeted for the development of new drugs.

Multiple independent studies have now shown associations of rare variants in NOTCH3, TREM2, SORL1, ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, NCK2, AKAP9, UNC5C, PLCG2, and ABI3 with AD and suggested that they may influence disease via multiple mechanisms. These genes have reported functions in the immune system, lipid metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and apoptosis. However, the main pathway emerging from the collective of genes harboring rare variants associated with AD is the Aβ pathway. Associations of rare variants in dozens of other genes have also been proposed, but have not yet been replicated in independent studies. Replication of this type of findings is one of the challenges associated with studying rare variants in complex diseases, such as AD. In this review, we discuss some of these primary challenges as well as possible solutions.

Integrative approaches, the availability of large datasets and databases, and the development of new analytical methodologies will continue to produce new genes harboring rare variability impacting AD. In the future, more extensive and more diverse genetic studies, as well as studies of deeply characterized families, will enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and put us on the correct path for the development of successful drugs.
The landscape of human tissue and cell type specific expression and co-regulation of senescence genes
Authors: Xu Peng , Wang Minghui , Song Won-min , Wang Qian , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Sudmant Peter H. , Zare Habil , Tu Zhidong , Orr Miranda E. , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2022

Background

Cellular senescence is a complex stress response that impacts cellular function and organismal health. Multiple developmental and environmental factors, such as intrinsic cellular cues, radiation, oxidative stress, oncogenes, and protein accumulation, activate genes and pathways that can lead to senescence. Enormous efforts have been made to identify and characterize senescence genes (SnGs) in stress and disease systems. However, the prevalence of senescent cells in healthy human tissues and the global SnG expression signature in different cell types are poorly understood.

Methods

This study performed an integrative gene network analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data in non-diseased human tissues to investigate SnG co-expression signatures and their cell-type specificity.

Results

Through a comprehensive transcriptomic network analysis of 50 human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) cohort, we identified SnG-enriched gene modules, characterized SnG co-expression patterns, and constructed aggregated SnG networks across primary tissues of the human body. Our network approaches identified 51 SnGs highly conserved across the human tissues, including CDKN1A (p21)-centered regulators that control cell cycle progression and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SnG-enriched modules showed remarkable cell-type specificity, especially in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Further analyses of single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomic data independently validated the cell-type specific SnG signatures predicted by the network analysis.

Conclusions

This study systematically revealed the co-regulated organizations and cell type specificity of SnGs in major human tissues, which can serve as a blueprint for future studies to map senescent cells and their cellular interactions in human tissues.
Impaired neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in vaccinated patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Parry Helen , McIlroy Graham , Bruton Rachel , Damery Sarah , Tyson Grace , Logan Nicola , Davis Chris , Willett Brian , Zuo Jianmin , Ali Myah , Kaur Manjit , Stephens Christine , Brant Dawn , Otter Ashley , McSkeane Tina , Rolfe Hayley , Faustini Sian , Richter Alex , Lee Sophie , Wandroo Farooq , Shafeek Salim , Pratt Guy , Paneesha Shankara , Moss Paul
Published: January 2022

Background

Immune suppression is a clinical feature of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and patients show increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and suboptimal antibody responses.

Method

We studied antibody responses in 500 patients following dual COVID-19 vaccination to assess the magnitude, correlates of response, stability and functional activity of the spike-specific antibody response with two different vaccine platforms.

Results

Spike-specific seroconversion post-vaccine was seen in 67% of patients compared to 100% of age-matched controls. Amongst responders, titres were 3.7 times lower than the control group. Antibody responses showed a 33% fall over the next 4 months. The use of an mRNA (n = 204) or adenovirus-based (n = 296) vaccine platform did not impact on antibody response. Male gender, BTKi therapy, prophylactic antibiotics use and low serum IgA/IgM were predictive of failure to respond. Antibody responses after CD20-targeted immunotherapy recovered 12 months post treatment. Post-vaccine sera from CLL patients with Spike-specific antibody response showed markedly reduced neutralisation of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant compared to healthy controls. Patients with previous natural SARS-CoV-2 infection showed equivalent antibody levels and function as healthy donors after vaccination.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate impaired antibody responses following dual COVID-19 vaccination in patients with CLL and further define patient risk groups. Furthermore, humoural protection against the globally dominant delta variant is markedly impaired in CLL patients and indicates the need for further optimisation of immune protection in this patient cohort.
DNA methylation signatures associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children from India and The Gambia: results from the EMPHASIS study
Authors: Antoun Elie , Issarapu Prachand , di Gravio Chiara , Shrestha Smeeta , Betts Modupeh , Saffari Ayden , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Sankareswaran Alagu , Arumalla Manisha , Prentice Andrew M. , Fall Caroline H. D. , Silver Matt J. , Chandak Giriraj R. , Lillycrop Karen A. ,   the EMPHASIS study group, Kehoe Sarah , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Potdar Ramesh D. , Sajjadi Sara , Nongmaithem Suraj , Chopra Harsha , Sane Harshad , Gandhi Meera , Owens Stephen , Jarjou Landing , Prentice Ann
Published: January 2022

Background

The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising globally, with environmentally induced epigenetic changes suggested to play a role. Few studies have investigated epigenetic associations with CMD risk factors in children from low- and middle-income countries. We sought to identify associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) and CMD risk factors in children from India and The Gambia.

Results

Using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 850 K Beadchip array, we interrogated DNAm in 293 Gambian (7–9 years) and 698 Indian (5–7 years) children. We identified differentially methylated CpGs (dmCpGs) associated with systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, triglycerides and LDL-Cholesterol in the Gambian children; and with insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic index and HDL-Cholesterol in the Indian children. There was no overlap of the dmCpGs between the cohorts. Meta-analysis identified dmCpGs associated with insulin secretion and pulse pressure that were different from cohort-specific dmCpGs. Several differentially methylated regions were associated with diastolic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose, but these did not overlap with the dmCpGs. We identified significant cis-methQTLs at three LDL-Cholesterol-associated dmCpGs in Gambians; however, methylation did not mediate genotype effects on the CMD outcomes.

Conclusion

This study identified cardiometabolic biomarkers associated with differential DNAm in Indian and Gambian children. Most associations were cohort specific, potentially reflecting environmental and ethnic differences.