bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poor Blood Mixing in the Shiley Hardshell Venous Reservoir Proven by Changes in Hematological Data on Different Volume Levels
Authors: Retera Ellen M.J. , de Jong Dick S. , Dassen Willem R.M. , Penn Olaf C.K.M.
Published: August 2023

Low values in hematological data at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) brought us to the hypothesis that this could be caused by a visible poor blood mixing phenomenon in the Shiley Hardshell Venous Reservoir (HSVR). To study this phenomenon, we designed an instrument enabling us to take blood samples from the venous reservoir at a level of 1000 ml (A), 500 ml (B) and 100 ml (C). Besides this blood sampling during CPB, we also took samples from the venous line (D). Twenty patients were studied during CPB. The first set of samples was taken 10 minutes after the aorta was occluded and cardioplegia was administered. Successive sampling took place at half hour intervals. The last set of samples were taken shortly after removal of the aortic crossclamp. We observed a marked decrease in the value of the hematocrit (Ht) at level A in the venous reservoir within 30 minutes. The Ht at this level dropped from 23.7% (SD± 2.8) to 6.5% (SD ± 7.3). This showed to be a significant difference in comparison with the values at the other sampling points after 30 minutes (P<0.001) which were respectively at level B: 24.7% (SD ± 2.9), C: 25.1% (SD ± 2.8) and D: 24.9% (SD ± 2.6). The differences between the Ht-values of B, C, and D showed no significant changes. The difference in Ht at level A versus level B, C and D remained until removal of the aortic crossclamp, at which time mixing in the reservoir appeared, due to short time volume changes. It is concluded that poor mixing of blood occurs in the Shiley HSVR depending on the amount of volume. However we could not prove in this study that unexpectedly low values in hematological data at the end of CPB are due to this phenomenon.
Survey of Blood Conservation Techniques During Open Heart Surgery
Authors: Sistino Joseph J. , Feiner Cheryl J.
Published: August 2023

The shortage of a safe and adequate blood supply for open heart surgery has prompted the development and institution of numerous blood conservation and autotransfusion techniques. A survey was conducted of 60 hospitals in the Northeastern United States to determine the frequency of application as well as the resultant effect on banked blood usage.

A total of 37 surveys were returned for a response rate of 62%. This represents an annual caseload of 23449 open heart procedures which is more than 10% of the total number performed annually in the U.S.

The following techniques were used during adult cases to conserve blood:

No blood in prime 95%

Membrane oxygenator 67%

Chest drainage autotransfusion 40%

Autotransfusion of suction blood 40%

Pre-bypass volume removal 18%

Hemoconcentrator 8%

Post bypass techniques for recovery of residual pump volume were also surveyed. The following techniques were employed:

Centrifugation 54%

Blood bag collection 31%

Discarded 11%

Hemoconcentration 4%

Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficients showed a significant association between autotransfusion of suctioned blood (p<.05) and decreasing reported blood use, as well as priming volume and blood use (p<.05), although correlations were of small magnitude. When usage was compared across units of packed red cells, for several blood conservation techniques greater usage was reported in the groups that used the smallest amount of blood.
The Use of a Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenator for Extended Extra-Corporeal Support
Authors: Pelley William B. , Taylor Donald D. , Butler Charles F.
Published: August 2023

There is a small percentage of patients, who having undergone cardiac surgery, are unable to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Some reports in the literature seem to indicate some success with extended extra-corporeal support. In an effort to reduce the amount of supplies needed and the resulting confusion of utilizing a completely different oxygenator, a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator was selected as the oxygenator of choice for an extended extra-corporeal support system.

The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator for extended extra-corporeal support has been utilized on 5 patients in the past 12 months. Two patients were weaned from the system and all patients expired within 30 days. The hollow fiber membrane oxygenator performed adequately with respect to gas exchange and circulatory support. However, as extended extra-corporeal support approached 15 hours, there was evidence of plasma leakage across the membrane fibers. While there appeared to be no decrease in gas exchange, two hollow fiber membrane oxygenators were replaced because of the leakage.

We conclude that the hollow fiber membrane oxygenator for extended extra-corporeal support may not be adequate for support periods above 12 to 15 hours.
Prevalence and Predictors of Nonadherence to Direct Oral Anticoagulant Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: van der Horst Sabine F. B. , de Vries Tim A.C. , Chu Gordon , Bavalia Roisin , Xiong Helen , van de Wiel Kayleigh M. , Mulder Kelly , van Ballegooijen Hanne , de Groot Joris R. , Middeldorp Saskia , Klok Frederikus A. , Hemels Martin E.W. , Huisman Menno V.
Published: August 2023

Background For most patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred over vitamin K antagonists. However, there is concern that the lack of monitoring may impair therapy adherence and therefore the anticoagulant effect.

Objective To assess 1-year DOAC nonadherence in patients with AF and a treatment indication of at least 1 year in the Dutch health care setting, and to identify predictors of nonadherence.

Methods We performed a near-nationwide historical cohort study in patients with a novel DOAC indication for AF. Data were obtained from a pharmacy database, covering 65% of all outpatient prescriptions dispensed in the Netherlands. The 1-year nonadherence was assessed by the proportion of days covered; the threshold was set at <80%. Robust Poisson regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of nonadherence.

Results A total of 46,211 patients were included and the 1-year nonadherence was 6.5%. We identified male sex (risk ratio [RR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.33), younger age (age ≥60 to <70 years: RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.00–1.33, age <60 years: RR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.92–2.57; reference age ≥85 years), a reduced DOAC dose (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00–1.22), a twice-daily dosing regimen (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12–1.30), and treatment with apixaban (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06–1.26, reference rivaroxaban) or dabigatran (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14–1.37) as independent predictors of 1-year nonadherence.

Conclusion One-year nonadherence to DOACs was low yet relevant in patients with AF newly prescribed a DOAC. Understanding the predictors for nonadherence may help identify patients at risk.
A Patient with Recurrent Strokes: Approach to Coagulopathy
Authors: Zúñiga Gabriel Alejandro , Kandula Pranav , Sandefur Hardy , Tafur Alfonso J.
Published: August 2023

Despite anticoagulation recommendations, patients may present with recurrent events. While medication adherence is always a concern, assessment of anticoagulation failure demands a systematic approach, taking into account the potential limitations of anticoagulants and a review of differential diagnoses for comorbidities. We illustrate our approach in a case presentation.
Elective Cardiac Procedure Patients Have Low Preoperative
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: Vasankari Tommi , Halonen Jari , Vasankari Sini , Mahlamäki Visa , Hartikainen Juha , Vasankari Ville , Tokola Kari , Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Anttila Vesa , Husu Pauliina , Sievänen Harri
Published: August 2023

Preoperative cardiorespiratory fitness may influence the recovery after cardiac
procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory
fitness of patients scheduled for elective cardiac procedures, using a
six-minute walk test, and compare the results with a population-based sample of
Finnish adults. Patients (n=234) awaiting percutaneous coronary
intervention or coronary angiography, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic
valve replacement or mitral valve surgery performed the six-minute walk test.
VO2max was calculated based on the walk test. The patients were
compared to a population-based sample of 60–69-year-old Finnish adults
from the FinFit2017 study. The mean six-minute walk test distances (meters) and
VO2max (ml/kg/min) of the patient groups were:
452±73 and 24.3±6.9 (coronary artery bypass grafting),
499±84 and 27.6±7.2 (aortic valve replacement), 496±85
and 27.4±7.3 (mitral valve surgery), and 519±90 and
27.3±6.9 (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography).
The population-based sample had significantly greater walk test distance
(623±81) and VO2max (31.7±6.1) than the four patient
groups (all p-values<0.001). All patient groups had lower
cardiorespiratory fitness than the reference population of
60–69-year-old Finnish adults. Particularly the coronary artery bypass
grafting group had a low cardiorespiratory fitness, and therefore might be prone
to complications and challenging rehabilitation after the operation.
Platinum(II) Complexes with Phenylpyridine, Benzo[h]quinoline, and NHC Ligands: Exploration of Ligand Effects on Photophysical Properties
Authors: Strassner Thomas , Pinter Piermaria , Soellner Johannes
Published: August 2023

Platinum(II) complexes with one cyclometalated phenylpyridine or benzo[h]quinoline (C^N) ligand and an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand are a robust and readily available class of sky-blue to green phosphorescent triplet emitters. They can be used as a benchmark system to investigate the influence of different ligands on the emissive properties of these [Pt(C^N)(NHC)I] complexes. This new class of compounds was fully characterized by standard techniques. Additionally a solid-state structure could be obtained. Photoluminescence measurements at room temperature revealed the strong emissive behavior of these compounds with quantum yields of up to 80%. The effect of electron-withdrawing and -donating groups on the photophysical properties was examined and rationalized by density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G(d)).
Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia Syndrome Combined with Thalassemia Trait: A Rare Association
Authors: Mabrouk Abdelazim , Aburawi Elhadi H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA, OMIM reference 249270), also known as Rogers' syndrome, is a rare type of anemia characterized by the triad megaloblastic anemia, sensorineural hearing loss, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Disturbance of thiamine transport into cells results from homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the SLC19A2 gene.

Case Report We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented at age 4 years with anemia. She had a combined hematological profile of microcytic and macrocytic anemia. The parents refused bone marrow aspiration and genetic diagnosis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis established the thalassemia trait. She was later confirmed to have sensorineural deafness and monogenic DM. A tentative TRMA diagnosis was based on megaloblastic anemia, sensorineural deafness, and monogenic DM triad. The patient was treated empirically with a daily dose of thiamine 200 mg; her hemoglobin level normalized, but the deafness and DM did not improve.

Conclusion In routine practice, patients with TRMA must be evaluated thoroughly for other causes of megaloblastic anemia, including therapeutic thiamine trials in the presence of sensorineural deafness or DM. These patients should be followed throughout their life span both for DM and to control their response to thiamine therapy for megaloblastic anemia.
Unilateral Abscence Of Nose With Proboscis
Authors: Gupta Dr. Vikram Parkash , Singh Dr. Ravinder Pal
Published: August 2023

A case of unilateral absence of nose with nasal proboscis and microphthalmia is being reported for its rarity along with proposed surgical procedure and review of literature.

Unilateral absence of nose is a rare disorder which is often associated with unilateral arhencephaly or unilateral proboscis which hangs down from the medical canthus. The case is being reported for its rarity.
Nasopharyngoscopic Study In Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Deshpande Dr. Sanjeev N.
Published: August 2023

Superiorly based pharyngeal flap is used in eight patients of cleft palate of Velophryngeal Incompetence. Hypernasality and nasal escape in use of oral explosives was substantially reduced following surgery. These patients were subjected to flexible Fibreoptic nasopharyngoscopy to study the morphology of the pharyngeal flap and the role it plays in reducing the amount of velopharyngeal incompetence. Movements of the soft palate and the lateral pharyngeal walls decided the outcome of the result of the Superior Pharyngeal flap surgery. Preoperative Nasopharyngoscopy plays a very important role in deciding the type of Pharyngplasty to be performed.
Multiple Anomalies Of The Hand
Authors: Tripathi Prof. F.M. , Atam Dr. R. , Rai Dr. A.K. , Gupta Prof. S.K.
Published: August 2023

Amongst all congenital anomaly, those of hands and lips are the commonest. Those of hands of minor degrees are seen very often, without they being corrected.

A Study of 50 cases of congenital anomalies of hand show presence of multiple anomalies in 7 cases (14%). A detailed account of those cases is being presented.
Fabricated Wire Acrylic Occlusal Splint for the Management of Mandibular and Maxillary Fractures
Authors: Patel Kiran M
Published: August 2023

Fractures of the mandible and maxilla are usually treated by reduction and immobilization by interdental wiring and intermaxillary fixation. Inability to open the mouth for a period of 5-6 weeks is a disadvantage of this method. Recent techniques like rigid plate fixation help to reduce this period of immobilization of the jaws but it required the necessary equipment and may prove to be expensive in a public hospital system. We have fabricated wire acrylic occlusal splint which has been used in 18 patients for the management of mandibular or maxillary fractures over a period of one year. The mouth remains open during the course of treatment and it greatly helps in oral hygiene. Patient is permitted to take liquids and swallow semi-solid diets by mouth. The splint is removed after bony union is confirmed. We have used this technique in 5 children and 13 adults and has been used both for mandibular and maxillary fractures. There has only been one complication of an occlusal disturbance which was corrected later by dental treatment.
A hybrid system for simultaneous velocity and distance measurements in dynamic experiments
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Shouxian , Tao Shixing , Li Jianzhong , Peng Qixian
Published: August 2023

The accurate measurement of an object’s motion requires knowledge of both its position and its velocity. The commonly used photonic Doppler velocimetry and broadband laser ranging techniques are ideal for conducting simultaneous dynamic experiments. Instead of employing two distinct measurement systems, we developed a hybrid system that can simultaneously measure velocity and distance in dynamic experiments. This reduces cost and complexity, particularly for multi-channel tests, by using only one probe, photodetector, and oscilloscope channel. By precisely synchronizing the velocity and distance data in time, the system can assist with interpreting the target’s position and orientation.
Large-scale vibrating coil magnetometer for the magnetic characterization of bulk superconductors
Authors: Arsenault A. , Charpentier-Pépin B. , Forcier A. , Nassiri N. , Bellemare J. , Lacroix C. , Ménard D. , Sirois F. , Bernier F. , Lamarre J.-M.
Published: August 2023

This work presents the design and validation of a vibrating coil magnetometer for the characterization of the field dependence of the critical current density of centimeter-sized bulk superconductors as an alternative to the destructive methods typically used. The magnetometer is also shown to be capable of measuring the magnetic moment in an applied field of up to 5 T for diverse magnetic materials, such as soft and hard ferromagnets and high-temperature superconducting pellets. The vibrating coil magnetometer was first optimized using finite element simulations and calibrated using a commercial vibrating sample magnetometer. The vibrating coil magnetometer was benchmarked with hysteresis measurements of a Nd2Fe14B disk made with a commercial hysteresisgraph, showing good agreement between the different setups. The magnetic hysteresis of a YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting pellet was measured at 77 K, showing a penetration field of 1 T and an irreversibility field of 4 T. The field dependent critical current density of the superconductor was then inferred from the magnetic hysteresis measurements and extrapolated at low fields. Finally, the resulting critical current density was used to successfully reproduce the measured magnetization curve of the pellet at 2 T with finite element simulations.
Direct-write projection lithography of quantum dot micropillar single photon sources
Authors: Androvitsaneas Petros , Clark Rachel N. , Jordan Matthew , Alvarez Perez Miguel , Peach Tomas , Thomas Stuart , Shabbir Saleem , Sobiesierski Angela D. , Trapalis Aristotelis , Farrer Ian A. , Langbein Wolfgang W. , Bennett Anthony J.
Published: August 2023

We have developed a process to mass-produce quantum dot micropillar cavities using direct-write lithography. This technique allows us to achieve mass patterning of high-aspect ratio pillars with vertical, smooth sidewalls maintaining a high quality factor for diameters below 2.0 μm. Encapsulating the cavities in a thin layer of oxide (Ta2O5) prevents oxidation in the atmosphere, preserving the optical properties of the cavity over months of ambient exposure. We confirm that single dots in the cavities can be deterministically excited to create high-purity indistinguishable single photons with interference visibility (0.941 ± 0.008).
Can the PageRank centrality be manipulated to obtain any desired ranking?
Authors: Contreras-Aso Gonzalo , Criado Regino , Romance Miguel
Published: August 2023

The significance of the PageRank algorithm in shaping the modern Internet cannot be overstated, and its complex network theory foundations continue to be a subject of research. In this article, we carry out a systematic study of the structural and parametric controllability of PageRank’s outcomes, translating a spectral graph theory problem into a geometric one, where a natural characterization of its rankings emerges. Furthermore, we show that the change of perspective employed can be applied to the biplex PageRank proposal, performing numerical computations on both real and synthetic network datasets to compare centrality measures used.
Equation of state predictions for ScF3 and CaZrF6 with neural network-driven molecular dynamics
Authors: Stoppelman John P. , Wilkinson Angus P. , McDaniel Jesse G.
Published: August 2023

In silico property prediction based on density functional theory (DFT) is increasingly performed for crystalline materials. Whether quantitative agreement with experiment can be achieved with current methods is often an unresolved question, and may require detailed examination of physical effects such as electron correlation, reciprocal space sampling, phonon anharmonicity, and nuclear quantum effects (NQE), among others. In this work, we attempt first-principles equation of state prediction for the crystalline materials ScF3 and CaZrF6, which are known to exhibit negative thermal expansion (NTE) over a broad temperature range. We develop neural network (NN) potentials for both ScF3 and CaZrF6 trained to extensive DFT data, and conduct direct molecular dynamics prediction of the equation(s) of state over a broad temperature/pressure range. The NN potentials serve as surrogates of the DFT Hamiltonian with enhanced computational efficiency allowing for simulations with larger supercells and inclusion of NQE utilizing path integral approaches. The conclusion of the study is mixed: while some equation of state behavior is predicted in semiquantitative agreement with experiment, the pressure-induced softening phenomenon observed for ScF3 is not captured in our simulations. We show that NQE have a moderate effect on NTE at low temperature but does not significantly contribute to equation of state predictions at increasing temperature. Overall, while the NN potentials are valuable for property prediction of these NTE (and related) materials, we infer that a higher level of electron correlation, beyond the generalized gradient approximation density functional employed here, is necessary for achieving quantitative agreement with experiment.
Regulation of flux-closure domain structures via oxygen vacancies and charged scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Hu S. W. , Xiong X. F. , Luo S. S. , Liu Y. Y. , Lei C. H. , Pan K.
Published: August 2023

Manipulation of topological structures has become one of the most interesting topics in ferroelectrics through multiple excitations due to their prospective applications in electro-mechanical-optic devices. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been developed as a powerful tool to manipulate the polar state in ferroic materials, in which the electric field induced by charged SPM enables dynamic coupling between the switching of the polar states and electromigration of oxygen vacancies, resulting in unknown influences of oxygen vacancy on the polar state in ferroelectric topological structures. Here, we regulate the polar state by considering oxygen vacancies and a non-uniform electric field under the charged SPM experiment for flux-closure domain structures in PbTiO3 thin films. The charged SPM probe can excite the growth of newly flux-closure domains to improve the density of topological states. In contrast, oxygen vacancies are found to suddenly prohibit the evolution of the flux-closure domain structure, when their concentration jumps to a threshold value. Our results might give guidelines to increase and stabilize the memory unit through co-modulating the electric field and ions injection in the information field.
Finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory for anharmonic vibrations: Recursions, algebraic reduction, second-quantized reduction, diagrammatic rules, linked-diagram theorem, finite-temperature self-consistent field, and general-order algorithm
Authors: Qin Xiuyi , Hirata So
Published: August 2023

A unified theory is presented for finite-temperature many-body perturbation expansions of the anharmonic vibrational contributions to thermodynamic functions, i.e., the free energy, internal energy, and entropy. The theory is diagrammatically size-consistent at any order, as ensured by the linked-diagram theorem proved in this study, and, thus, applicable to molecular gases and solids on an equal footing. It is also a basis-set-free formalism, just like its underlying Bose–Einstein theory, capable of summing anharmonic effects over an infinite number of states analytically. It is formulated by the Rayleigh–Schrödinger-style recursions, generating sum-over-states formulas for the perturbation series, which unambiguously converges at the finite-temperature vibrational full-configuration-interaction limits. Two strategies are introduced to reduce these sum-over-states formulas into compact sum-over-modes analytical formulas. One is a purely algebraic method that factorizes each many-mode thermal average into a product of one-mode thermal averages, which are then evaluated by the thermal Born–Huang rules. Canonical forms of these rules are proposed, dramatically expediting the reduction process. The other is finite-temperature normal-ordered second quantization, which is fully developed in this study, including a proof of thermal Wick’s theorem and the derivation of a normal-ordered vibrational Hamiltonian at finite temperature. The latter naturally defines a finite-temperature extension of size-extensive vibrational self-consistent field theory. These reduced formulas can be represented graphically as Feynman diagrams with resolvent lines, which include anomalous and renormalization diagrams. Two order-by-order and one general-order algorithms of computing these perturbation corrections are implemented and applied up to the eighth order. The results show no signs of Kohn–Luttinger-type nonconvergence.
Josephson diode effect in monolithic dc-SQUIDs based on 3D Dayem nanobridges
Authors: Greco A. , Pichard Q. , Giazotto F.
Published: August 2023

It was recently experimentally proved that the superconducting counterpart of a diode, i.e., a device that realizes nonreciprocal Cooper pairs transport, can be realized by breaking the spatial and time-reversal symmetry of a system simultaneously. Here, we report the theory, fabrication, and operation of a monolithic dc superconducting quantum interference device that embedding three-dimensional Dayem nanobridges as weak links realizes an efficient and magnetic flux-tunable supercurrent diode. The device is entirely realized in Al and achieves a maximum rectification efficiency of ∼20%, which stems from the high harmonic content of its current-to-phase relation only without the need of any sizable screening current caused by a finite loop inductance. Our interferometer can be easily integrated with state-of-the-art superconducting electronics and since it does not require a finite loop inductance to provide large rectification, its downsizing is not limited by the geometrical constraints of the superconducting ring.
Femtosecond laser modification of vanadium dioxide for color display applications
Authors: Xie Ran-Ran , Zhu Han , Xing Ruofei , Chu Lingrui , Wang Zhuoqun , Xia Ruyi , Zhao Wenxiao , Jia Yuechen , Chen Yanxue , Juodkazis Saulius , Chen Feng
Published: August 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been one of the most significant functional materials for its prominent property change during phase transition. Here the modulation in crystallinity and morphology of VO2 thin film is achieved by femtosecond laser direct writing. Both the local crystallization from an amorphous phase and self-organized periodical structures are generated due to the well-controlled femtosecond laser energy deposition and controlled accumulation. The dynamic evolution of either the volumetric or surface nano-/micro-structure depends strongly on the femtosecond laser conditions, revealed by changes of the Raman bands and reflectance spectra at visible wavelengths. Based on the distinguishable color display performance of differently processed regions, a four-color-level image has been drawn on a VO2 thin film. This work proposes an elaborate “annealing by light” and optical property modulation method for the VO2, paving the way to producing complex integrated multi-functional devices for color display and data storage.
Negative Poisson's ratio and anisotropic carrier mobility in ternary Janus Si2XY (X/Y= S, Se, Te): First-principles prediction
Authors: Hiep Nguyen T. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Hieu Nguyen N.
Published: August 2023

In this Letter, the structural, mechanical, electronic, and transport properties of two-dimensional (2D) ternary Janus Si2XY (X/Y= S, Se, Te) monolayers are studied based on the calculations using first-principles density functional theory. All three structures are found as direct semiconductors with moderated bandgap energies and good stabilities for experimental synthesis. The transport properties are also examined by calculating the carrier mobilities. We find that the carrier mobilities of all three monolayers are anisotropic not only between the electrons and holes but also between the two transport directions. The Si2SSe monolayer exhibited the highest electron mobility of 897.66 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the x axis. Amazingly, our calculations reveal that the Si2XY monolayers are auxetic materials with negative Poisson's ratio along both x and y axes. Particularly, the Si2SSe has the largest negative Poisson's ratio value of –0.131 in the x direction. These obtained results open more prospects for advanced applications of these materials in electronics, optoelectronics, and nanomechanics.
CD45 alleviates airway inflammation and lung fibrosis by limiting expansion and activation of ILC2s
Authors: Cui Guangwei , Shimba Akihiro , Jin Jianshi , Hojo Nozomi , Asahi Takuma , Abe Shinya , Ejima Aki , Okada Shinri , Ohira Keizo , Kato Ryoma , Tani-ichi Shizue , Yamada Ryo , Ebihara Takashi , Shiroguchi Katsuyuki , Ikuta Koichi
Published: August 2023

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical for the immune response against parasite infection and tissue homeostasis and involved in the pathogenesis of allergy and inflammatory diseases. Although multiple molecules positively regulating ILC2 development and activation have been extensively investigated, the factors limiting their population size and response remain poorly studied. Here, we found that CD45, a membrane-bound tyrosine phosphatase essential for T cell development, negatively regulated ILC2s in a cell-intrinsic manner. ILC2s in CD45-deficient mice exhibited enhanced proliferation and maturation in the bone marrow and hyperactivated phenotypes in the lung with high glycolytic capacity. Furthermore, CD45 signaling suppressed the type 2 inflammatory response by lung ILC2s and alleviated airway inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, the interaction with galectin-9 influenced CD45 signaling in ILC2s. These results demonstrate that CD45 is a cell-intrinsic negative regulator of ILC2s and prevents lung inflammation and fibrosis via ILC2s.
Investigation of Planckian behavior in a high-conductivity oxide: PdCrO
2
Authors: Zhakina Elina , Daou Ramzy , Maignan Antoine , McGuinness Philippa H. , König Markus , Rosner Helge , Kim Seo-Jin , Khim Seunghyun , Grasset Romain , Konczykowski Marcin , Tulipman Evyatar , Mendez-Valderrama Juan Felipe , Chowdhury Debanjan , Berg Erez , Mackenzie Andrew P.
Published: August 2023

The layered delafossite metal PdCrO

2

is a natural heterostructure of highly conductive Pd layers Kondo coupled to localized spins in the adjacent Mott insulating CrO

2

layers. At high temperatures,
T
, it has a
T
-linear resistivity which is not seen in the isostructural but nonmagnetic PdCoO

2

. The strength of the Kondo coupling is known, as-grown crystals are extremely high purity and the Fermi surface is both very simple and experimentally known. It is therefore an ideal material platform in which to investigate “Planckian metal” physics. We do this by means of controlled introduction of point disorder, measurement of the thermal conductivity and Lorenz ratio, and studying the sources of its high-temperature entropy. The
T
-linear resistivity is seen to be due mainly to elastic scattering and to arise from a sum of several scattering mechanisms. Remarkably, this sum leads to a scattering rate within 10

%

of the Planckian value of k

B

T
/

ħ

.
A possible mechanism for the enhanced toxicity of beta-amyloid protofibrils in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Zu-Lin , Singh Pradeep K. , Calvano Marissa , Norris Erin H. , Strickland Sidney
Published: August 2023

The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is a driver of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ monomers can aggregate and form larger soluble (oligomers/protofibrils) and insoluble (fibrils) forms. There is evidence that Aβ protofibrils are the most toxic form, but the reasons are not known. Consistent with a critical role for this form of Aβ in AD, a recently FDA-approved therapeutic antibody targeted against protofibrils, lecanemab, slows the progression of AD in patients. The plasma contact system, which can promote coagulation and inflammation, has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. This system is activated by Aβ which could lead to vascular and inflammatory pathologies associated with AD. We show here that the contact system is preferentially activated by protofibrils of Aβ. Aβ protofibrils bind to coagulation factor XII and high molecular weight kininogen and accelerate the activation of the system. Furthermore, lecanemab blocks Aβ protofibril activation of the contact system. This work provides a possible mechanism for Aβ protofibril toxicity in AD and why lecanemab is therapeutically effective.
Generator coordinate method for 1D contacting bosons in harmonic trap
Authors: Sun Jing-An , Guo Guang-Jie , Zhou Bo , Ma Yu-Gang
Published: August 2023

We propose a new method, termed generator coordinate method (GCM)-correlated pair wave function (CPWF), for studying one-dimensional bosons confined in harmonic potentials with contact repulsive interactions. Our approach involves using the effective CPWF as a basis, combined with the GCM to handle complex many-particle correlations accurately. We demonstrate the reliability of our GCM-CPWF wave functions by comparing ground energy and one-body density with those obtained by other numerical methods. Moreover, we present the energy spectrum up to six particles and the occupation number on the harmonic oscillator state. Utilizing these GCM-CPWF wave functions, we explore the properties of the ground and excited states of the many-particle system. Our GCM-CPWF framework is highly flexible and can be generalized to investigate more complex many-particle systems.
Optical absorption enhancement in inhomogeneous InGaN nanowire arrays photocathode
Authors: Cao Zhihao , Liu Lei , Lu Feifei , Cheng Hongchang , Guo Xin
Published: August 2023

In the development of surface structures, nanowire arrays (NWAS) have been widely studied because of their trapping effect. In this paper, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to simulate homogeneous and inhomogeneous NWAS. We studied the influence of the structural parameters of InGaN NWAS and inhomogeneous arrays on optical response properties. The optical response includes light absorptivity and cutoff wavelength sensitivity. The simulation results show that the inhomogeneous NWAS can increase the effective transmission distance of light on the surface, thus greatly improving the optical absorption capacity of InGaN NWAS. We can obtain high sensitivity of cut-off wavelength by adjusting the structural parameters of the side nanowires. We find that by reducing the diameters and heights of the side nanowires, a higher light absorption rate can be obtained, which is a 5% improvement compared to uniform NWAS. Therefore, the research in this paper can provide some theoretical reference for the experiment and preparation of InGaN photocathodes.
Residual stress modeling of mitigated fused silica damage sites with CO2 laser annealing
Authors: Zhang 张 Chuanchao 传超 , Liao 廖 Wei 威 , Zhang 张 Lijuan 丽娟 , Jiang 蒋 Xiaolong 晓龙 , Fang 方 Zhenhua 振华 , Jiang 蒋 Xiaodong 晓东
Published: August 2023

A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO2 laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites. The proposed model extracts the residual strain from the differences in thermoelastic contraction of fused silica with different fictive temperatures from the initial frozen-in temperatures to ambient temperature. The residual stress fields of mitigated damage sites for the CO2 laser-annealed case are obtained by a finite element analysis of equilibrium equations and constitutive equations. The simulated results indicate that the proposed model can accurately evaluate the residual stress fields of laser-annealed mitigated damage sites with a complex thermal history. The calculated maximum hoop stress is in good agreement with the reported experimental result. The estimated optical retardance profiles from the calculated radial and hoop stress fields are consistent with the photoelastic measurements. These results provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model for describing the residual stresses of mitigated fused silica damage sites after CO2 laser annealing.
Real-time dynamics in strongly correlated quantum-dot systems
Authors: Cheng 程 Yong-Xi 永喜 , Li 李 Zhen-Hua 振华 , Wei 魏 Jian-Hua 建华 , Luo 罗 Hong-Gang 洪刚
Published: August 2023

We investigate the real-time dynamical properties of Rabi-type oscillation through strongly correlated quantum-dot systems by means of accurate hierarchical equations of motion. It is an extension of the hierarchical Liouville-space approach for addressing strongly correlated quantum-dot systems. We study two paradigmatic models, the single quantum-dot system, and serial coupling double quantum-dot system. We calculate accurately the time-dependent occupancy of quantum-dot systems subject to a sudden change of gate voltage. The Rabi-type oscillation of the occupancy and distinct relaxation time of the quantum-dot systems with different factors are described. This is helpful to understand dissipation and decoherence in real-time dynamics through nanodevices and provides a theoretical frame to experimental investigation and manipulation of molecular electronic devices.
Numerical modeling of return period waves based on non-linear Boussinesq wave models to support tidal flood studies in the Kedungsepur area
Authors: Khoirunnisa H , Pasma G R , Gumbira G
Published: August 2023

A number of rapid developments and negative effects of climate change in coastal areas have forced its equilibrium system. As a result, tidal floods, high waves, and storms occur more frequently. The goal of this research is to examine nearshore hydrodynamic conditions by using results from the hindcasting procedure. A non-linear Boussinesq (BW) and Spectral Wave (SW) models are used in this study. The models use the manning coefficient, bathymetry data (BATNAS), significant wave height, and wave period calculated by using the hindcasting method. This research commenced by processing wind data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from the years 2009 to 2021 with an interval of 3 hours. Then, wave height for return periods 1-, 50- and 100-years are calculated using Gumbel and Fisher-Tippett type I distribution, respectively. The aforementioned approach produced wave heights of 4.23; 6.16; and 6.49 m for return periods 1, 50, and 100 years, respectively. By using this series of wave data, the models predicted that 1.2 m waves propagate close to the nearshore regions.
Comparison Results of the Two Different Enrichment Factor Analysis Methods of Heavy Metals in the West Banjir Kanal River Sediment, Central Java
Authors: Haeruddin  , Prakoso Kukuh , Rahman Arif
Published: August 2023

The West Banjir Kanal (WBK) River in Semarang City is a river that plays an important role in supporting the various needs of the people of Semarang City. Land use around the river and utilization of WBK river water, cause river water to be contaminated with heavy metals, which have the potential to accumulate in sediments. This study was conducted to analyze and compare the results of the analysis of metal enrichment factors Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the sediments of the WBK river, Semarang, with 2 different methods. The study was conducted at 7 sampling stations, representing estuaries, middle, and upper reaches of rivers. Sediment was collected with Van Veen Grab, then prepared with wet digestion, then analyzed the metal concentration with AAS. The results showed that the concentration of metals in the sediment at the studied station was still within the limits of natural concentration. The enrichment factor of the metals Cd and Zn is smaller than 1, however, for other metals (Cr, Cu, and Pb) some have exceeded 1. The test results of the comparison of Cr, Cu, and Pb metal enrichment factors in sediments differed markedly for the 2 different methods. But on metals Cd and Zn can not be compared, because the variety of data is 0.
Optimization of Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus sp.) Protein Hydrolysate Using Response Surface Methodology Analysis
Authors: Riyadi P H , Romadhon  , Wijayanti I , Arifin M H , Sunaya N , Gulzar S
Published: August 2023

Threadfin bream (Nemipterus sp.) is a demersal fish that is widely distributed in Indonesian waters. Protein content of Threadfin bream is 16.85% and fat content of Threadfin bream is 2.2%. High protein content and low-fat content make Threadfin bream potential as raw material for protein hydrolysate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in papain enzyme concentration, temperature, and duration of the hydrolysis process on the degree of hydrolysis and to determine the optimal papain enzyme concentration, temperature, and time using Response Surface Methodology. Data analysis was carried out by testing the degree of hydrolysis, protein content, water content, and fat content. Data processing was carried out using the Box Behnken Design and the Response Surface Methodology method. Data processing is supported by the Design Expert 11 software. The recommended model is a quadratic model. The results of the optimization solution for the hydrolysis of Threadfin bream protein were the enzyme concentration 5.833%, the temperature was 55.833°C within 6.967 hours with a desirability of 1. Verification was carried out according to the optimization solution and gave a hydrolysis degree of 48.52%. The verification results obtained are in accordance with the predictions of Design Expert 11. The sample with the highest degree of hydrolysis was tested for protein, water, and fat content and resulted in a protein content of 26.48%, a water content of 41.38%, and a fat content of 0.75%.
Understanding parameters impacting the mechanism leading to spalling around underground excavations in massive rocks under high stress
Authors: Tanjung Ardhymanto Am
Published: August 2023

Underground excavation is required for mining engineering and nuclear waste repository. As the excavation progresses, the stress increases, and brittle failures frequently exist. Brittle failures are arranged into two types: spalling and rock bursting. Spalling in the shape of a V-notch may severely damage the machine and workers involved in its development. This potential hazard can be mitigated by fully representing all parameters that cause spalling in the model. Thus, optimized tunnel design can be achieved. As a result, the company can strike a balance between profit and safety. Several possible results can be proposed by conducting a series of sensitivity studies on a credible model based on a real-world case study of spalling in the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Canada. It includes predicting the Depth of Failure (DOF) of spalling by changing two main parameters, particularly strength (tensile and crack initiation) and stress (σ1). The result reveals that increasing tensile strength over UCS decreases DOF, increasing percentages of crack initiation (CI) over UCS decreases DOF, and increasing σmax over UCS increases DOF. Moreover, systematic errors in the generated model can lead to inaccurate DOF estimation. This problem must be approached with engineering judgment in order for the solution to correspond to the actual spalling phenomenon.
Biotransformation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Rice Straw Waste using TGJPC-120 Bacteria and its Characterization
Authors: Djamaan A , Lalfari R S , Rusdi R , Litri A , Rivai H , Dewi A P , Suardi M
Published: August 2023

Microcrystalline Cellulose, MCC, is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and other industries. This study aims to see changes in the properties that occur in MCC from rice straw waste after transformation using TGJPC-120 isolated bacteria from soil. The biotransformation process was carried out in the bacterial culture flask and placed in an incubator shaker for 2 days at 37 °C, at a rate of 100 rpm. The surface morphology of MCC obtained before and after biotransformation was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The IR-spectrum and Evaluation of Solid State Interaction of MCC were tested by Fourier Transformation Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrophotometer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Crystalline characteristics of MCC were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction technique, and identification of TGJPC-120 was carried out by 16S rRNA analysis. The results showed that DSC thermogram of unbiotransformed and biotransformed-MCC showed the changing in peak width from wide to sharper peaks, reduction in the intensity, and shifts in the melting point. Physical interaction occurs during the biotransformation process to produce a new crystalline phase, and there is no chemical interaction between components during the biotransformation process. The relationship between TGJPC-120 bacteria and Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae Strain IH5 was 92% in the BLAST program tracking database which was determined based on the phylogenetic tree. It can be concluded that the characteristics of MCC before and after the transformation process are different. Studies for process optimization are still ongoing at this time.
The Effect of Milling Time on Band Gap Value in Thin Layers of Nano Photocatalyst MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3
Authors: Anisa Khairiyah , Ratnawulan Ratnawulan , Fauzi Ahmad , Rahmadhani Detty , Steven Anthoni , Azleen Fahira
Published: August 2023

Waste from laundry washing discharged into waterways without pre-treatment can cause problems that hurt water quality because they contain oxidizing agents such as bleach for clothes. This study aims to determine the effect of milling time variations on the value of the band gap in thin film MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 and their photocatalytic activity capabilities. This study’s milling time variations were 5 hours, 10 hours, and 15 hours. They were grinding MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 materials using a High Energy Milling (HEM-E3D) tool to obtain the nano size of these particles. Synthesis of MnO2/CuO/Fe2O3 nanocomposites using the sol-gel method and the spin coating method to manufacture thin films using a glass substrate to be sampled in testing photocatalyst activity. Characterization testing uses a spectroscopy (Uv-Vis) tool to obtain a band gap value. The band gap values were 5 hours milling at 1.87 eV, 10 hours milling at 1.72 eV, and 15 hours milling at 1.64 eV. Here it shows that the longer the milling time, the smaller the band gap energy obtained. Shrinking the energy gap will experience a good photocatalyst process. The results of this study show the effect of the catalyst in degrading pollutants with the best degradability of 50.67%.
Quantum-referenced spontaneous emission tomography
Authors: Faruque I I , Burridge B M , Banic M , Borghi M , Sipe J E , Rarity J G , Barreto J
Published: August 2023

We present a method of tomography in which photon pairs from a device-under-test (DUT) are experimentally characterised by quantum interference with a reference photon pair source; we call this quantum-referenced spontaneous emission tomography (Q-SpET). In Q-SpET, the joint spectral phase (JSP) of photon pairs generated by a DUT can be reconstructed by combining four spectrally resolved interferograms. We demonstrate this theoretically and experimentally, characterising the JSP of a microresonator photon pair source. Our method is fully implemented on a chip, demonstrating the compactness, inherent phase stability, low complexity, and resource efficiency of this method.