bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Masyarakat tentang Cara Aman Menggunakan Tabung Gas 3 Kg
Authors: Lestari Fatma , Hartono Budi
Published: November 2016

Konversi penggunaan minyak tanah ke tabung liquified petroleum gas (LPG) merupakan kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi subsidi bahan bakar minyak. Namun, program ini menuai beberapa permasalahan dari aspek keselamatan seperti terjadi kebakaran, ledakan yang mengaki- batkan jatuhnya korban jiwa, luka-luka, ataupun kerugian material. Statistik menunjukkan kejadian ledakan dan kebakaran tabung LPG 3 kg pada pengguna cukup tinggi antara tahun 2010 – 2011. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat pengguna LPG 3 kg tentang cara aman menggunakan tabung LPG 3 kg setelah dilakukan program intervensi melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Tirtajaya, Depok. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah program intervensi melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang cara aman menggunakan tabung LPG 3 kg dan aksesorisnya.Kata kunci: Tabung gas 3 kg, kebakaran, ledakan, keselamatanAbstractGovernment program towards the conversion from kerosene uses to liquified petroleum gas (LPG) has generated a safety problems such as fire, explosion that effect death, injury, or material losses. There has been many fire and explosion accidents related to the use of 3 kg LPG container in the public and statistically high number of accidents occur in the year of 2010 – 2011. The objectives of the research is to investigate the improvement of knowledge and skills in the public related to safe use of 3 kg LPG container and its accessories after the intervention program through training and counseling. Research was conducted at Kelurahan Tirtajaya, Depok. Research suggested that after the intervention towards training and counseling there has been improvement on the knowledge and skill towards the safe use of LPG 3 kg and its accessories.Key words: 3 kg LPG container, fire, explosion, safety
Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Pekerja Pabrik
Authors: Ardianto Y. Denny , Yudhastuti Ririh
Published: November 2016

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) yang merupakan masalah kese- hatan masyarakat di Indonesia biasa menyerang anak usia di bawah usia lima tahun (balita), tetapi dapat menyerang kelompok usia produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada pekerja pabrik di Kecamatan Rungkut Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kontrol dengan populasi pekerja pabrik. Kasus adalah penderita ISPA dan kontrol adalah yang tidak terkena ISPA berdasarkan diagnosis klinis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan kepadatan hunian ruang tidur (nilai p = 0,003; odds ratio, OR = 15,687), kelembaban kamar (nilai p = 0,039; OR = 17,874), suhu kamar (nilai p = 0,03; OR = 14,978), ventilasi (nilai p = 0,001; OR = 19,892), lama tinggal (nilai p = 0,006; OR = 9,587), dan kebiasaan merokok (nilai p = 0,000; OR = 45,901) berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian ISPA. Faktor yang dominan memengaruhi kejadian ISPA adalah kebiasaan merokok dan ventilasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan di- lakukan perbaikan lingkungan rumah dan menghindari kebiasaan merokok.Kata kunci: Lingkungan rumah, ventilasi, infeksi saluran pernapasan akut, pekerja pabrikAbstractAcute respiratory infection (ARI) is public health problem in Indonesia and usually it affected children aged five years old and under. However, people categorized as productive age can be affected as well. The purpose of this research was to investigate association between house sanitation and ARI incidence among factory workers at sub district Rungkut Surabaya. This research was case control design with factory workers with ARI as cases and factory workers without ARI as controls. Data collection was conducted through structural interview to respondent with questionnaires. Multivariate analysis showed that people at bed room (p value = 0,003; odds ratio, OR = 15,687), room moist/humidity (p value = 0,039; OR = 17,874), temperature (p value = 0,003; OR = 14,978), room ventilation (p value = 0,001; OR = 19,892), length of stay (p value = 0,006; OR = 9,587), and smoking habits (p value = 0,000; OR = 45,901) associated significantly with ARI. The dom- inant factor influencing ARI was smoking habits and room ventilation. It’s suggested to improve house sanitation and to stop smoking.Key words: House sanitation, ventilation, acute respiratory infection, factory workers
Perbandingan Tingkat Kepuasan Kerja Perawat dan Kepuasan Pasien
Authors: Noras Jamilla Upik , Sartika Ratu Ayu Dewi
Published: November 2016

Perawat adalah ujung tombak pemberi pelayanan langsung pada pasien selama 24 jam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat dengan kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan kelas 3 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) X Jakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional, pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh perawat yang bertugas sebagai pelaksana keperawatan kelas 3 sebanyak 40 orang ser- ta pasien yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap kelas 3 sebanyak 120 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil pengukuran kuantitatif menunjukkan bah- wa tingkat kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana di kelas 3 dikategorikan “ren- dah”, (22,5%) sedangkan tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap layanan keperawatan sebesar 85,0% (nilai p > 0,05). Ketidakpuasan kerja perawat yang tinggi tidak berdampak pada kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan keperawatan. Untuk perbaikan ketidakpuasan kerja perawat, manajemen rumah sakit sebaiknya meninjau kembali kebijakan tentang pakaian dinas, menu makanan pada saat jaga, dan merancang kamar ganti perawat. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan perhitungan jasa pelayanan perawat dengan memperhatikan risiko keterpaparan terhadap penyakit. Supervisor diharapkan dapat lebih membuka diri untuk mendengarkan masalah yang dihadapi pe- rawat pelaksana melalui komunikasi dan hubungan interpersonal secara informal.Kata kunci: Kepuasan kerja perawat, kepuasan pasien, rawat inap, kelas tigaAbstractNurses are front liner in providing nursing services directly to customers for 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of job sa- tisfaction of nurses to patient satisfaction in the third class departement in general hospital of Jakarta. This study was a cross sectional study designed with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study population was all nurses who served as executive nurses (40 nurses) and patients treated in the inpatient (120 patients). Sampling was conducted purposively according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of quantitative measurements showed that the level of job satisfaction of nurses categorized as “low” (22,5%), while the level of patient satisfaction on nursing service at 85,0% (p value > 0,05). The high job dissatisfaction of nurses had no impact on patient satisfaction. To decrease the job dissatisfaction of nurses, hospital management should review the policy on official clothing, meals at the guard, and design the locker room of nurses. It also performed the cal- culation of nursing services with the risk of exposure to disease and supervisors more open to listen the problems faced by nurses with communication and informal interpersonal relationships.Key words: nurse’s job satisfaction, patient satisfaction, inpatient, the third class.
Konsumsi Jamu Ibu Hamil sebagai Faktor Risiko Asfiksia Bayi Baru Lahir
Authors: Purnamawati Dewi , Ariawan Iwan
Published: November 2016

Jamu merupakan obat tradisional yang dibuat dengan cara mengolah bahan alamiah yang mempunyai khasiat obat dengan beberapa bahan campuran. Efektivitas dan efek samping pengobatan tradisional sebagai upaya pelayanan kesehatan masih perlu dibuktikan, khususnya jika digunakan oleh ibu yang sedang hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi jamu pada ibu hamil terhadap kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir di Bekasi tahun 2008. Desain penelitian adalah kasus kontrol dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi jamu terhadap kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir (nilai p = 0,005; odds ratio (OR) = 7,1; 95% CI = 4,23 – 11,9; (AFE) = 0,85; dan (AFP) = 0,43). Terdapat hubungan antara jumlah antenatal care (ANC) dan asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir dengan jumlah ANC= 4-8 kali (nilai p = 0,052; OR = 1,68; dan 95% CI = 0,99 - 2,83) sedangkan jumlah ANC kurang dari 4 kali (nilai p= 0,019; OR = 3,02; dan 95% CI = 1,2 - 7,58). Berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam diketahui bahwa mayoritas ibu hamil belum paham tentang perilaku sehat selama hamil dan tidak mendapatkan penjelasan yang cukup dari petugas kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan pada saat kehamilan dan persalinan serta perlu standardisasi penggunaan jamu un- tuk ibu hamil.Kata kunci: Obat tradisional, jamu, asfiksia, kehamilanAbstractJamu are traditional medicine which is made by natural ingredience which has medicational effect combining with several ingrediences. The successful of traditional medicine as self medication in health care still need to prove for its efectiveness and the side effect especially if it used by pregnant women. The goal of this study is to know how the effect of consuming jamu for pregnant women with birth asphyxia in Bekasi in 2008. Quantitaive and qualitative study designs were used in this study. Case control design used to see how the odds ratio of the mother who have experience to take jamu during pregnancy. The result showed that there are relation and risk of con- sume jamu with birth asphyxia (p value = 0,000; odds ratio (OR) = 7,1; 95% CI = 4,23 – 11,9) and frequencies of antenatal care (ANC) with birth as- phyxia (4 – 8 times during pregnancy, p value = 0,052; OR = 1,68; and less than 4 times during pregnancy, p value = 0,019; OR = 3,02). The result of indepth interview tells us that majority of mother doesn’t know about the health attitude during pregnancy and doesn’t have enough information from providers about it. Therefore increase the quality of health services during pregnancy and birth delivery and standart for using jamu for pregnant women are needed.Key words: Traditional medicine, jamu, asphyxia, pregnancy
Analisis Demand dan Supply Konsumsi Garam Beryodium Tingkat Rumah Tangga
Authors: Darmawan Nadia Irina , Darmawan Ede Surya
Published: November 2016

Secara nasional, konsumsi garam beryodium cukup adalah 62,3% dan di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah 58,3%. Cakupan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga di Kota Bekasi hanya sekitar 62,14%. Pemantauan garam beryodium di tingkat rumah tangga oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bekasi tahun 2004 menunjukkan bahwa garam yang mengandung yodium cukup adalah 51%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui analisis faktor demand dan supply terhadap konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Bekasi Barat Kota Bekasi dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi yang diteliti yaitu 110 orang ibu dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Pada faktor demand di- dapatkan hasil bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan konsumsi ga- ram beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Namun, tidak ada hubungan antara pendapatan dengan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Pada faktor supply didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara ketersediaan di pasar dan harga dengan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan konsumsi garam beryodium tingkat rumah tangga diperlukan kerja sama dari berbagai pihak.Kata kunci: Garam beryodium, rumah tangga, demand, supplyAbstractNasionaly, the consumption of iodized salt is 62,3% and in Province of West Jawa is 58,3%. The coverage consumption of iodezed in household level in Bekasi city only about 62,14%. The monitoring iodezed salt in household level by district health departemen in 2004 showed that the enough iodezed salt is 51%.This research was conducted to determine the factor analysis of demand and supply of iodized salt consumption at household level in the District of West Bekasi. This iodesed salt udy used cross sectional design. The population that was studied was 110 mothers using chi square test. On the demand factor, the result shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. However, there is no relationship between the revenue and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. While in the supply factor, shows that there is no relationship between availability and price in the market and the con- sumption of iodized salt at household level. To improve the coverage of iodized salt consumption at household level, it is required cooperation from various partiesKey words: Iodized salt, household, demand, supply
Berat Lahir dan Kelangsungan Hidup Neonatal di Indonesia
Authors: Simbolon Demsa
Published: November 2016

Angka kematian neonatal Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-10 tertinggi di dunia disebabkan kejadian bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal. Penelitian dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2007. Sampel meliputi 11.748 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria anak terakhir lahir hidup, lahir tunggal, dan saat wawancara berumur minimal 28 hari. Probabilitas kumulatif kelangsungan hidupneonatal di Indonesia adalah 98,49% dan cenderung semakin rendah sesuai dengan berat lahir, pada neonatal dengan berat lahir rendah adalah 95,68% dan neonatal berat lahir sangat rendah adalah 89,83%. Berat lahir berinteraksi dengan paritas ibu. Artinya, pengaruh berat lahir terhadap kelangsungan hidup neonatal berbeda berdasarkan paritas ibu. Bayi BBLR dari ibu paritas multipara dan grande multipara berisiko 2,9 kali dan 3,9 kali untuk mengalami kematian pada periode neonatal dibandingkan bayi lahir dengan berat normal. Disarankan untuk melakukan intervensi dini mencegah bayi lahir BBLR dan penanganan intensif terhadap bayi lahir BBLR.Kata kunci: Berat lahir, kelangsungan hidup neonatal, paritas ibuAbstractNeonatal mortality rate in Indonesia was ranked as 10th highest in the world because of high prevalence of infants low birth weight. This research used Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007 data with retrospective cohort design. The purposes of the research are to measure the probability ofneonatal survival according to birth weight and to identify effect of birth weight on neonatal survival. The number of sample is 11.748 infants with inclusion criteria born alive, single birth, and at least 28 days old when interviewed.The study found the cumulative probability of neonatal survival in Indonesia was 98,49% and getting lower according to birth weight, at neonatal with low birth weight is 95,68% and 89,83% at neonatal with very low weight. Birth weight modification related to maternal parity, so that the influence of birth weight on neonatal survival depent on the maternal parity. Low birth weight infants of multiparous and grandemultiparous maternal parity risk 2,9 and 3,9 times experienced death in the neonatal period compared with normal birth weight. Early interventions to prevent low birth weight and intensive care to infants with low birth weight are suggested.Keywords: Birth weight, neonatal survival, maternal parity
Modal Sosial: Kekuatan dan Pertahanan di Bantaran Sungai
Authors: Salmah Sjarifah
Published: November 2016

Di bantaran sungai Ciliwung terdapat permukiman penduduk seluas lebih dari 6 hektar yang berpotensi mengubah lahan menjadi kumuh, padat, dan tidak manusiawi yang berdampak pada kualitas lingkungan fisik dan nonfisik yang tidak sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambarankarakter modal sosial yang dimiliki penduduk pemukim lama di bantaran sungai, menganalisis implikasi modal sosial terhadap kebijakan pemerintah, serta menyumbangkan model penerapan pemberdayaan modal sosial pada penataan bantaran sungai. Penelitian kualitatif yang dilengkapi data kuantitatif lapangan ini disebut kuasi kualitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kualitas lingkungan fisik alami dan modal sosial komunitas yang bermukim sepanjang bantaran sungai Ciliwung. Sampel adalah kualitasfisik alami bantaran sungai dan modal sosial komunitas yang bermukim lama di bantaran sungai Ciliwung Manggarai. Lebih dari setengah karakter modal sosial milik komunitas bantaran sungai Ciliwung Manggarai dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan sosial membantu sesama dalam kegiatan sosial,sisanya lumpuh oleh kondisi yang berkembang. Implikasi modal sosial akan bermanfaat apabila kekuatan modal sosial digerakkan dan diberdayakan optimal serta diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan hidup. Model pemberdayaan komunitas bantaran sungai Ciliwung Manggarai diskenariokan dengan menyandingkan kebijakan pemerintah pusat, daerah, dan kebijakan modal sosial yang dimanfaatkan untuk mengurangi kekumuhan permukiman di ibu kota dan meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan pada bantaran sungai Ciliwung Manggarai.Kata kunci: Bantaran sungai, modal sosial, permukiman pendudukAbstractIn the banks of Ciliwung river people live in more than 6 hectare areas that potentially turn into slum, full, and inhuman that affect on unhealthy physical and nonphysical quality. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of social capital character owned the old settlers along the river,analizing the implications of social capital towards government policies, and to donate empowerment model in the application of social capital in the arrangement of the riverbanks. Qualitative research incorporating quantitative data field is called quasi-qualitative. Population is the quality of the natural physical environment and social capital communities who live in Ciliwung riverbank. Samples are natural physical quality and the social capital of communities living in Ciliwung Manggarai riverbanks. More than half of the social capital there used for social activities such as helping others insocial activities. The implications of social capital would be beneficial if its strength mobilized and empowered optimally and targetted to improve the quality of the environment. Community empowerment model in Ciliwung Manggarai riverbank is scripted by juxtaposing central government policy,regional policy, and social capital policy. It is used to reduce slum area and enhance environmental quality in Ciliwung Manggarai riverbanks.Keywords: Riverbanks, social capital, settlement area
Peran Dokter Ahli Kebidanan dan Kandungan
Authors: Meiyetriani Eflita , Utomo Budi , Besral Besral , Santoso Budi Iman , Salmah Sjarifah
Published: November 2016

Salah satu bentuk medikalisasi kelahiran adalah angka persalinan sectio caesarea yang tinggi. Hasil beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa dokter ahli kebidanan dan kandungan merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan persalinan yang dijalani responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai perandokter ahli kebidanan dan kandungan dalam mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan sectio caesarea dibandingkan persalinan normal dengan mengontrol variabel sosiodemografi dan faktor risiko ibu. Penelitian dilakukandengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) DKI Jakarta. Populasi penelitian adalah wanita pernah kawin usia 15 – 44 tahun yang memiliki riwayat melahirkan 5 tahun terakhir sebelum survei dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanpemilihan petugas pelayanan antenatal berhubungan dengan persalinan sectio caesarea, tetapi hubungan ini tidak berdiri sendiri, terkait dengan pengaruh status ekonomi rumah tangga. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara responden yang memilihdokter ahli kebidanan dan kandungan sebagai petugas pelayanan antenatal dengan persalinan sectio caesarea yang juga dipengaruhi oleh status sosial ekonomi rumah tangga responden. Selain status sosial ekonomi, variabel yang berhubungan dengan persalinan sectio caesarea adalah usiaibu, paritas ibu, pendidikan ibu, riwayat komplikasi kehamilan, dan riwayat perdarahan.Kata kunci: Sectio caesarea, dokter ahli kebidanan dan kandungan, sosiodemografi, faktor risiko ibuAbstractOne of the birth medicalization form is the high number of sectio caesarea deliveries. Result of some studies shows that obstetrician is a factor which can determine the preference type of delivery. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of the obstectrician in order to make decision making inpreference sectio caesarea delivery than vaginal delivery after controlled with sociodemographic factors and maternal risk factor. The study was a cross sectional study using a quantitative approach. This study using secondary data which obtained from Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2007 with subset of the research is DKI Jakarta region. Population of this study was married women with age between 15 – 44 years old who has delivery history in term of 5 years before the survey. The study shows significant correlation between prenatal care workers with sectio caesarea delivery but this correlation also has an interaction with household economic status variables. There is significant correlation between respondent whose prenatal care with obstectrician with sectio caesarea delivery. This correlation also related with household economic status. Others variables related to sectio caesarea delivery beside social economic status are maternalage, parity, maternal education, complication during pregnancy history, and bleeding history.Keywords: Sectio caesarea, obstetrician, sociodemographic, maternal risk factor
Insentif Uang Tunai dan Peningkatan Kinerja Kader Posyandu
Authors: Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita
Published: November 2016

Sejak tahun 2000 pos pelayanan terpadu (posyandu) telah berkembang baik, tetapi kekurangan dana dan pelatihan mengalami penurunan kinerja akibat krisis ekonomi. Hal tersebut terlihat pada penurunan kunjungan dan drop out kader yang menghadapi banyak tugas, besar cakupan, dan kurang mampu merespon tuntutan masyarakat. Pedoman World Health Organization (WHO) terakhir menyatakan bahwa untuk menjamin keberlanjutan program jangka panjang, kader perlu dibayar. Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara memberikan insentif kader terbesar di Indonesia. Studi inimengkaji peningkatan kinerja kader posyandu di Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara pada tahun 2010 akibat pemberian insentif uang tunai. Penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan rancangan fenomenologi ini menghimpun data 18 orang meliputi 15 orang dari instansi pemerintah dan 3 orang kader. Studi dengan metode analisis isi ini menemukan bahwa pemerintah memberikan uang sebagai insentif bagi kader menyebabkan kader bersemangat dalam bekerja dan berkompetisi. Pemerintah terlihat sangat berperan meningkatkan kinerja kader, tetapi masyarakat masih kurangberperan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa insentif uang tunai dapat meningkatkan kinerja kader posyandu.Kata kunci: Insentif, kinerja, kader, posyanduAbstractSince 2000 Posyandu has grown well, but its performance was declining as indicated by the decreasing of visitors as well as the cadres because economic crisis. The problems within the cadres include excess workload and area to be covered and lack of capability to respond to the community demand.The latest guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) identified that cadres incentive is needed for the long term sustainability. Penajam Paser Utara which gave the highest incentive in Indonesia for its cadres. This study was aimed to explore in depth the Penajam Paser Utara cadres performance improvement in 2010 in relation to financial incentives. This isa qualitative study using phenomenologic design. Informants were 18 persons origined from the government office and 3 cadres. Data were obtained through indepth interview and analysis using content analysis. The result showed that the government provided financial incentive for cadres recognition and posyandu revitalization. Financial incentive was found motivated the cadres to work and enhance their competence. Although the government had played role in improving cadres performance, yet the community still had limited participation. It could be concluded that financial incentive could improve performance of posyandu cadres.Key words: Incentive, performance, cadre, posyandu
Kekuatan Psikologis Ibu untuk Menyusui
Authors: Wattimena Inge , Susanti Natalia L. , Marsuyanto Yusep
Published: November 2016

Anjuran World Health Organization (WHO) agar ibu menyusui minimal selama 6 bulan masih belum tercapai. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kekuatan psikologis ibu yang berhasil menyusui lebih dari 6 bulan. Metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dilakukan pada enam ibu yang diambil secara purposif dengan kriteria menyusui lebih dari 6 bulan. Hasil wawancara mendalam dianalisis dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran ibu tentang keunggulan dan kekuatan spiritual dalam air susu ibu (ASI) serta dukungan,afeksi positif, sikap tangguh, tujuan terarah, dan kesejahteraan menjadi kekuatan psikologis mereka. Hasil ini dapat digunaka sebagai masukan bagi promosi kesehatan untuk ibu menyusui. Kata kunci: Menyusui, kekuatan psikologis, keberhasilanAbstractThe World Health Organization recommendation for six months breastfeeding is not yet achieved. This study examined the psychological strengths of six women who had successfully breastfed for more than six months. A descriptive qualitative method was used. Semistructured interviews were used and the records were analyzed. It was shown that understanding of benefits and spiritual power of breastmilk, full support, positive affection, strong attitude, directed goals, and well-being become their psychological strengths. These results could be used as inputs for health promotion for breastfeeding mother. Key words: Breastfeeding, psychological strengths, success
Determinan Kepatuhan Bidan di Desa terhadap Standar Antenatal Care
Authors: Guspianto Guspianto
Published: November 2016

Upaya menurunkan kematian ibu menjadi prioritas utama program pembangunan kesehatan nasional. Pelayanan antenatal care (ANC) menjadi bagian dari “Empat Pilar Safe Motherhood” sebagai kebijakan Kementerian Kesehatan untuk mempercepat penurunan angka kematian ibu (AKI).Kualitas layanan ANC dari aspek kinerja bidan di desa diukur antara lain dengan parameter tingkat kepatuhan terhadap standar ANC dalam memberikan kepuasan kepada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan bidan di desa terhadap standar ANC. Desain penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi dengan sampel 165 bidan di desa. Penelitian ini menemukan tingkat kepatuhan bidan di desa terhadap standar ANC masih di bawah standar minimal sekitar 74,28%.Berbagai faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan bidan di desa terhadap standar ANC adalah supervisi, pengetahuan, dan komitmen organisasi. Supervisi merupakan faktor yang paling dominan dan faktor pengetahuan merupakan perancu hubungan faktor supervisi dan komitmen organisasi dengan tingkat kepatuhan terhadap standar ANC. Disarankan untukmelaksanakan upaya supervisi secara kontinu dan komprehensif diawali dari pengukuran tingkat kepatuhan, mengidentifikasi permasalahan, melakukan upaya perbaikan, dan memberikan umpan balik sehingga mutu pelayanan kesehatan khususnya ANC dapat terus ditingkatkan.Kata kunci: Bidan desa, standar antenatal care, tingkat kepatuhanAbstractEfforts to reduce maternal mortality is national health development program priority. Antenatal care (ANC) became part of the “Four Pillars of Safe Motherhood” as a policy of the Ministry of Health to accelerate the reducing of maternal mortality rate (MMR). The quality of ANC in terms of performance of services are measured by village midwives compliance towards the ANC standards in giving satisfaction to pregnant women. This study aimed at identifyng factors that influenced compliance rate of village midwifes towards ANC standards. This is a cross sectional study using secondary data from District Health Office Muaro Jambi, using 165 village midwifes as sample. This study found that compliance rate of village midwifes is still below the minimum ANC standard, 74,28%. This study proved that factors that influence compliance of village midwifes to ANC standards are supervision, knowledge, and organizational commitment. Supervision is the most dominant factor and knowledge is the confounder factor in the relationship between supervision and organizational commitment to compliance towards ANC standards. It is recommended to carry out continuously and comprehensive supervision by measuring compliance, identify problems, make improvements, and provide feedback so that quality of health care especially ANC could continously improved.Keywords: Village midwife, standard of antenatal care, compliance rate
Penerapan Komunikasi, Informasi, dan Edukasi Gizi terhadap Perilaku Sarapan Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sartika Ratu Ayu Dewi
Published: November 2016

Sarapan pagi merupakan kegiatan makan yang paling penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi dalam sehari. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi, informasi, dan edukasi (KIE)gizi terhadap perilaku sarapan pagi siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bogor. Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimental, pre-post intervention. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dilakukan kegiatan KIE gizi diperoleh peningkatan skor rata-rata pengetahuan dan perilaku siswa terhadap kebiasaan sarapan pagi (nilai p < 0,05). Media yang digunakan adalah kartu bergambar, kartu kuartet, ular tangga, tebak gambar, teka teki silang (TTS), leaflet, poster, dan lomba cerdas cermat. Peran ibu sebagai penyedia sarapan pagi bagi siswa sangat penting terutama dalam menghindari kebosanan siswa terhadap menu yang disediakan. Sebaiknya pihak sekolah bekerja sama dengan Persatuan Orang Tua Murid dan puskesmas untuk menggiatkan kembali Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah denganmelakukan kegiatan promosi kesehatan bagi ibu/pengasuh siswa, khususnya tentang bagaimana merencanakan menu sarapan pagi yang enak, praktis, dan sehat bagi siswa.Kata kunci: Sarapan, siswa, komunikasi informasi dan edukasi gizi AbstractBreakfast as the most important meal of the day, contributing substantially to daily nutrient intake and energy needs. This study was conducted to determine the effect of communication, information, and education toward thebreakfast behavior of primary school students in Bogor. The study design was quasi-experimental design with pre and post intervention. The study results showed that there were increased knowledge and attitudes towards the habit of breakfast (p value < 0,05). The media used were picture card,quartet card, the ladder snake, guess the picture, crossword puzzle, leaflet, poster, and quizes. Mother’s role as a breakfast provider for students is important in avoiding students who are bored with menu provided. Collaboration needed between school unit, parents, and staff of publichealth center to revitalize the School Health Program with health promotion activities for mothers/caregivers of students, especially about how to plan and serve a delicious breakfast menu, easy making, and healthy for students.Keywords: Breakfast, students, communication information and educationof nutrition
Validitas Lingkar Lengan Atas Mendeteksi Risiko Kekurangan Energi Kronis pada Wanita Indonesia
Authors: Ariyani Diny Eva , Achadi Endang Laksmining , Irawati Anies
Published: November 2016

Lingkar lengan atas (LiLA) telah digunakan sebagai indikator proksi terhadap risiko kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) untuk ibu hamil di Indonesia karena tidak terdapat data berat badan prahamil pada sebagian besar ibu hamil. Selama ini, ambang batas LiLA yang digunakan adalah 23,5 cm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas LiLA terhadap indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang merupakan indikator yang lebih baik untuk mengetahui status gizi wanita dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2007 pada perempuan dewasa usia 20 – 45 tahun di seluruh Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini ialah ambang batas LiLA yang paling optimal untuk mendeteksi risiko KEK di Indonesia berada pada titik 24,95 cm (Se = 85%; Sp = 75%). Terdapat perbedaan ambang batas antarprovinsi tetapi tidak lebih dari 2 cm, terendah di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (23,95 cm) dan tertinggi di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan Gorontalo (25,95 cm). LiLA mempunyai korelasi yang kuat (r = 0,67; nilai p < 0,000) dengan IMT. Direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan ambang batas LiLA 24,95 cm untuk mendeteksi risiko KEK wanita usia 20 – 45 tahun, sementara23,5 cm untuk outcome kehamilan, yaitu morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi.Kata kunci: Lingkar lengan atas, indeks massa tubuh, kekurangan energi kronisAbstractMid-upper arm circumference has been used in Indonesia as an proxy indicator of chronic energy malnutrition risk for pregnant women because there isn’t any data of prepregnancy weight in most of pregnant women. The boundary used was 23,5 cm. The objective of the study is to validate the currentboundary related to body mass index (BMI) indicator, which is believed as a better indicator in identifying women nutritional status. The study is using Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 data on Indonesian adult women aged 20 – 45 years old. The study found the boundary is 24,95 cm for detecting chronic energy malnutrition risk among adult women (Se = 85%; Sp = 75%). There are differences among provinces but not more than 2 cm, the lowest is in Nusa Tenggara Timur (23,95 cm) and the highest is in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo (25,95 cm). Mid upper arm circumference has a strong relationto BMI (r = 0,67; p value < 0,000). It is recommended to use mid-upper arm circumference boundary 24,95 cm to detect chronic energy malnutrition on 20 – 45 years old women and 23,5 cm to pregnancy outcome, baby morbidity, and mortality.Key words: Mid-upper arm circumference, body mass index, chronic energy deficiency
Kota Sehat sebagai Bentuk Sustainable Communities Best Practice
Authors: Soedirham Oedojo
Published: November 2016

Kota Sehat merupakan proyek World Health Organization (WHO) yang diluncurkan pada pertengahan tahun 1980-an dengan mengambil tempat untuk yang pertama kali adalah kota-kota di Eropa. Konsep Kota Sehat adalah konsep lama sekaligus baru. “Lama” berarti telah lama manusia berusaha untuk membuat kota lebih sehat sejak awal peradaban perkotaan (urban civilization). “Baru” dalam manifestasinya sebagai satu sarana utama promosi kesehatan – kesehatan masyarakat baru (new public health) – dalam pencarian Sehat untuk Semua (Health for All). Hal tersebut dipandang sebagai “a means of legitimizing, nurturing, and supporting the process of community empowerment”. Artikel ini mengulas Kota Sehat dalam konteks sustainable communities.Kata kunci: Kota sehat, kesehatan masyarakat baru, pemberdayaan, sustainable communitiesAbstractHealthy City is a World Health Organization (WHO) project that launched in mid 1980s with cities at Europe as first attempts. The Healthy City concept is old and new. “Old” means that since the early urban civilization, humanbeing striving for better and healthier places to live. “New” means that it’s one primary manifestation for health promotion – new public health – in seeking “Health for All”. This is seen as “a means of legitimizing, nurturing, and supporting the process of community empowerment”. The paper reviewed Healthy City in sustainable communities context.Key words: Healthy city, new public health, empowerment, sustainable communities
New Instrument Performance Models for Combined Wellbore Surveys: A Move Toward Optimal Use of Survey Information
Authors: Ledroz Adrián , Bang Jon , Weston John
Published: November 2016

To confidently determine the path of a wellbore, established practice involves the collection of multiple-survey data by use of the various methods that are available to the industry, such as measurement-while-drilling (MWD) methods using either magnetic or gyroscopic measurements, or surveys taken after a section of the wellbore has been completed, normally using gyroscopic tools. The survey deemed to be of the highest precision, based on published survey-system error models, is commonly selected to be the “definitive survey” for that section of the well and all other data are discarded. However, by combining multiple data sets through the use of survey-averaging techniques, it is possible to obtain a more accurate estimate of wellbore position.

After generating a “combined survey” by such an averaging method (i.e., a survey generated by combining two or more surveys that may be of the same or different type), it is then required to quantify the accuracy of that survey. This may be expressed in the usual manner as a sequence of error ellipsoids at intervals along the path of the well. At present, however, this can only be achieved through rigorous calculations analogous to the survey averaging itself. This is a complex analysis, which is one important reason why survey averaging has not been generally implemented and adopted as a standard analysis practice.

Error models for individual survey tools are usually specified in terms of instrument-performance model (IPM) files in accordance with methods and procedures derived through the work of the SPE Wellbore Positioning Technical Section (SPE-WPTS). The IPM files, along with wellbore-trajectory data, form the inputs to standard error-model software packages, through which survey uncertainty is calculated to a specified level of confidence. This paper demonstrates how new IPM files can be generated for combined surveys. The error analysis resulting from the new IPM file is shown to be consistent with the results obtained through the rigorous mathematical analysis of the individual surveys.

The introduction of new IPM files offers an easy and efficient method for operators to use all available survey information in a consistent manner. This may contribute toward optimization of the surveying program, with implications for both positional uncertainty assessment and safety aspects. Furthermore, the improvement in the positional data as well as the reduced uncertainty that can be achieved by combining surveys may be of significant importance when considering small targets, very long extended-reach wells, and highly congested fields in general, because it might turn unfeasible projects into achievable ones.
Delineation of Gravitational Instability Induced by Gas Charges into Oil Reservoirs Using Diffusion and Flory-Huggins-Zuo Equations
Authors: Zuo Julian Y. , Pan Shu , Wang Kang , Mullins Oliver C. , Harfoushian Jack H. , Elshahawi Hani
Published: November 2016

A reservoir crude oil contains dissolved gas, liquid and solids (asphaltenes). Together with the Yen-Mullins model and the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state (FHZ EOS), Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has been successfully employed to delineate asphaltene gradients and reservoir connectivity. Because solubility of asphaltenes in crude oil decreases with increasing gas/oil ratio (GOR) and asphaltene instability, tar mats may be formed by a late gas or light hydrocarbon charge into an oil reservoir. This tar mat is frequently far away from the location of the asphaltene instability, thereby implying asphaltene migration in the formation at much faster rates than diffusive velocities. Therefore, a dynamic mechanism is required to take this phenomenon into account.

A dynamic mechanism with gravitational instability induced by gas charges into an oil reservoir is proposed for this purpose. A late gas charge into an oil reservoir can yield a gas cap above initially undersaturated oil. Gas diffusion into the oil column then increases solution gas (GOR) which has the effect of decreasing asphaltene solubility in the crude oil. This can cause asphaltenes to diffuse away from the region of increasing solution gas. Diffusion equations that couple methane, maltene and asphaltene diffusion are consistent with this description. This process can lead to a build-up of asphaltenes at a certain position of the diffusive solution gas front. This increase in asphaltenes, which have been expelled from the high GOR regions, leads to higher density oil than the original oil below this perturbed section of the oil column. In turn, this ‘fluid density inversion’ in the oil column gives rise to gravity currents (gravitational instability – diffusion induced convection) that enable the movement of asphaltenes in porous media over large distances.

To validate the proposed mechanism, a diffusive model with moving boundary conditions was developed in conjunction with the FHZ EOS and was applied to gas, maltene and asphaltene multicomponent systems. In addition, this diffusive model is compared with the simplified diffusive model developed by Zuo et al. (2016) and the rigorous diffusive model developed by Shu et al. (2016). The three models predict that the gas/oil contact (GOC) moves up with time due to the swelling effect of a gas charge into a crude oil reservoir and to the loss of gas from the gas cap diffusing into the oil. Density inversion can be produced by the three models by the coupled gas and asphaltene diffusion equations in a relatively wide range of conditions. Significant fluid density inversion is generated at the conditions close to the asphaltene phase instability boundary. This is consistent with the frequent observation of some asphaltene deposition at the gas-oil contact and some asphaltene deposition at the oil-water contact.
Simulating Loads and Motions of Full-Scale Offshore Platforms in Cyclonic Wave Conditions
Authors: Abdussamie N. , Haase M. , Sartipi K. , Ojeda R. , Amin W. , Thomas G.
Published: November 2016

The commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CCM+ was used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of a tension leg platform in extreme weather conditions. The numerical results of surge motions and tendon tensions were compared against the measurements acquired in model tests. The full-scale CFD simulations were then conducted on the basis of the settings performed in modelscale simulations. Both model- and full-scale surge motions and tendon tensions predicted by CFD were in good agreement with the measurements. Using CFD results, it was revealed that the component of the vertical wave-in-deck force caused a slam force on the platform followed by tendon slack situations in the down-wave tendons.
Benchmarking Pulsed Neutron Technologies for Saturation Monitoring Under Challenging Reservoir Characteristics and Borehole Conditions
Authors: Bilbeisi J. , Serry A. , Espinassous M. , AbdelFattah Y. , Sudhukaran S.
Published: November 2016

Pulsed neutron reservoir saturation monitoring logs are being acquired since the early stages of the subject offshore field life to monitor variations of saturation with time in addition to identifying pay zones for well intervention and reactivation operations. This is important given the increasing complexity of reservoir management due to water and miscible gas secondary and tertiary oil recovery schemes adopted by the operator. However, with the introduction of new pulsed neutron technologies and resource limitations, a benchmarking exercise was imperative to confirm data quality and identify any discrepancies in the recorded data.

Two candidate wells were selected based on the maximum Jurassic reservoir units coverage, including a group of lithologies (limestone, dolomitic limestone, anhydrite etc.) and borehole environments (single to multiple casing/tubing, cement and borehole fluids) to establish different correction parameters. The study was conducted with back-to-back logs utilizing current and new pulsed neutron tools from different service providers.

In addition to the comparing the changes of formation capture cross section (SIGMA), borehole salinity, sigma and porosity measurements against the logging environment and changing completion hardware, three-phase fluid interpretation products were compared. The results were validated via well performance and production logging data.

The approach is trying to support the reservoir saturation monitoring end users within the asset units operating in mature carbonate fields to design their time-lapse analysis methodology and to minimize the fluid saturation interpretation uncertainties, and as a result improve confidence in fluid front mapping and infill well planning.
Urlopy wypoczynkowe w świetle przepisów prawa pracy
Authors: MAJCHRZAK KATARZYNA
Published: November 2016

The article discusses the issues associated with annual leave pursuant the provisions of the labour law. The main purpose of an annual leave is to provide an employee with the opportunity to rest so she or he can fully regenerate physical and mental strength and efficiently perform the prescribed duties. The annual leave mechanism features primarily a protective function. An employee is entitled to annual leave every year, the leave is fully paid and it cannot be waived.Annual leave is a privilege, which, given its purpose, should be provided in its natural form, in other words the employee should use the time off from work he or she is entitled to. However, in situations where the employee cannot utilise his or her annual leave in nature, he or she is entitled to cash equivalent.Every employee is entitled to annual leave, that is why it should utilised in the calendar year in which this entitlement arises. Without doubt the use of this entitlement affects the organisation of the workplace and may often interfere with the normal course of work, and for that reason the legislator has introduced annual leave planning.Juvenile employees enjoy annual leave entitlement which is more favourable than in case of adult employees. Reasons for such solution include their age and young organism that requires more time for rejuvenation as well as the opportunity to gradually adapt to their professional duties.
SOCJOLOGICZNE ZAŁOŻENIA COACHINGU RODZINNEGO
Authors: SURZYKIEWICZ Janusz , MAIER Kathrin
Published: November 2016

Coaching rodzinny wpisuje się w system wsparcia funkcjonowania systemu rodzinnego, a także wsparcia potencjału tkwiącego w rodzinie. Zwraca się w nim uwagę na poszukiwanie równowagi między życiem zawodowym i rodzinnym, a także na rolę satysfakcji i dobrej jakości życia małżeńskiego i rodzinnego. Na potrzebę takich działań wskazuje także socjologia rodziny, przedstawia prak- tykę społeczną bycia razem jako rzeczywistość relacji i praktyczne poradnictwo. Analizuje ona wielostronne i dynamiczne procesy dokonujęce się w rodzinach, wykorzystując różne teorie i metody, pamiętając, że rodzina ma podwójny cha- rakter: zarówno jako instytucja społeczna, jak i jako indywidualnie kreowana forma życia. W poradnictwie rodzinnym uwzględnia się także kwestie partnerstwa i procesy, które dokonują się w rodzinach związane z takimi doświadczeniami, jak: wybór zawodu, czy migracje.
RELIGIJNOŚĆ W PROCESIE PRZEMIAN – KONCEPCJA DEKONWERSJI HEINZA STREIBA
Authors: NOWOSIELSKI MIROSŁAW ROMUALD
Published: November 2016

Charakterystyczną cechą religijności jest przemiana, której jednym z aspektów jest odchodzenie od dotychczasowego sposobu przeżywania przez jednostkę stosunku do sacrum. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje koncepcję dekonwersji Heinza Streiba. Tłem teoretycznym tej koncepcji jest pojęcie nawrócenia (konwersji) i zmiany w jego rozumieniu w obszarze psychologii. W artykule przedstawiono zaproponowane przez Streiba kryteria-wymiary zjawiska dekonwersji, umiejscowienie go w perspektywie biegu życia człowieka oraz typologie opracowane na podstawie analiz teoretycznych oraz przeprowadzonych przez Streiba koncepcji badań jakościowych. Artykuł kończy krytyczna analiza koncepcji. Teoria dekonwersji ma duży potencjał heurystyczny, ważny w perspektywie potrzeby badania różnorodnych zmian zachodzących obecnie w społecznym i indywidualnym obrazie religijności.