bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Advanced IoT in Cyberparks
Authors: Raiyn Jamal , Jokovic Jugoslav
Published: March 2019

The diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) into public spaces is giving birth to a new type of public space: the cyberpark. ICT and the next generation of internet of things (IoT) impact the evolution of modern cities, changing traditional urban planning processes. The IoT with e-economy, e-government, e-medicine, e-learning, and e-society is believed to make a city more efficient and effective. Both IoT and ICT can be used to incentive people to use public open spaces and to spend more time outdoors. In order to attract people, public open spaces have to be attractive, easily accessible and inclusive. IoT can be used to manage the resources in mediated places, including the street traffic in conjunction with events offered in a particular place at a particular time for different user groups. IoT tools are implemented in public spaces to prevent crime and to increase the safety of users. Security services goes from smart cameras that are being installed in many places, to determining users’ position and signal tracking with the support of smart mobile phones, GPS/GNSS, QR codes, web services, and Wi-fi. Furthermore, biometric of all types are considered an enhancement of visual surveillance. Biometric are already being used for identification and verification including fingerprint, face iris, speech, eye, and DNA analysis. Various IoT tools are used to design and to create virtual games based on augmented reality for different target such as, human interaction, information collection, and playing in abnormal condition. This chapter addresses IoT tools used in public places to promote their safer use.
Cybercities: Mediated Public Open Spaces - A Matter of Interaction and Interfaces
Authors: Zedlacher Stefan , Khromova Anna , Malinverni Eva Savina , Hansen Preben
Published: March 2019

In the near past, sources of information about public open spaces were: people, the place itself and historical archives. Accordingly, the information could be obtained by interviewing the visitors, by reading some poorly equipped signs on monuments or by research in libraries. Today, a new source appeared: The place itself covers its own information by the mean of the growing of the ICT (Information Communication Technologies). In addition, the information can be personalised in a way each people can access it individually. Ten years ago, a left-over newspaper on a park bench was a compact piece of information. Today, the newspaper resides on a smartphone in our pockets. In the future, the park bench will still be there, but dramatically changed to an IoT (Internet of things) object, bringing information to the people. Therefore, there is the need to re-think the park bench as an interface. A simple, fundamental point is: the quality of the interface rules the quality of the information. With a special focus on the latter, this chapter discusses how the classical model of the city is enhanced with the senseable city concept and how digital information influences, adopts, transforms and re-configures different objects in urban areas.
Conventional Versus Minimally Invasive Hartmann Takedown: A Meta‐analysis of the Literature
Authors: Guerra Francesco , Coletta Diego , Del Basso Celeste , Giuliani Giuseppe , Patriti Alberto
Published: March 2019

Although end colostomy closure following Hartmann’s procedure is a major surgery that is traditionally performed by conventional celiotomy, over the last decade there has been a growing interest toward the application of different minimally invasive techniques. We aimed at evaluating the relative outcomes of conventional surgery versus minimally invasive surgery by meta‐analyzing the available data from the medical literature. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE electronic databases were searched through August 2018. Inclusion criteria considered eligible all comparative studies evaluating open versus minimally invasive procedures. Conventional laparoscopy, robotic and single‐port laparoscopy were considered as minimally invasive techniques. Overall morbidity, rate of anastomotic failure, rate of wound complications and mortality were evaluated as primary outcomes. Perioperative details and surgical outcomes were also assessed. The data of a total of 13,740 patients from 26 studies were eventually included in the analysis. There were no significant differences on baseline characteristics such as age, BMI and proportion of high‐risk patients between the two groups of patients. As compared to the conventional technique, minimally invasive surgery proved significantly superior in terms of postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay and rate of incisional hernia. The current literature suggests that minimally invasive surgery should be considered in performing Hartmann’s reversal, if technically viable. However, due to the low level of the available evidence it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions.
Enumeration of Operations Performed for Elderly Patients in Ghana: An Opportunity to Improve Global Surgery Benchmarking
Authors: Gyedu Adam , Stewart Barclay , Gaskill Cameron , Salia Emmanuella Lebasaana , Wadie Raymond , Donkor Peter , Mock Charles
Published: March 2019

Introduction

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed 5000 operations/100,000 people annually as a benchmark for developing countries but did not define benchmarks for different age groups. We evaluated the operation rate for elderly patients (≥65 years) in Ghana and estimated the unmet surgical need for the elderly by comparison to a high‐income country benchmark.

Methods

Data on operations performed for elderly patients over a 1‐year period in 2014‐5 were obtained from representative samples of 48/124 small district hospitals and 12/16 larger referral hospitals and scaled‐up for nationwide estimates. Operations were categorized as essential (most cost‐effective, highest population impact) versus other according to The World Bank’s Disease Control Priority project (DCP‐3). Data from New Zealand’s National Minimum Dataset were used to derive a benchmark operation rate for the elderly.

Results

16,007 operations were performed for patients ≥65 years. The annual operation rate was 1744/100,000 (95% UI 1440–2048), only 12% of the New Zealand benchmark of 14,103/100,000. 74% of operations for the elderly were in the essential category. The most common procedures (15%) were for urinary obstruction. 58% of operations were performed at district hospitals; 54% of these did not have fully‐trained surgeons. Referral hospitals more commonly performed operations outside the essential category.

Conclusion

The operation rate was well beneath the benchmark, indicating a potentially large unmet need for Ghana’s elderly population. Most operations for the elderly were in the essential category and delivered at district hospitals. Future global surgery benchmarking should consider specific benchmarks for different age groups.
Prophylactic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Following Midline Laparotomy—Long‐Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Glauser Philippe M. , Brosi Philippe , Speich Benjamin , Käser Samuel A. , Heigl Andres , Rosenberg Robert , Maurer Christoph A.
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Incisional hernia, a serious complication after laparotomy, is associated with high morbidity and costs. This trial examines the value of prophylactic intraperitoneal onlay mesh to reduce the risk of incisional hernia after a median follow‐up time of 5.3 years.

Methods

We conducted a parallel group, open‐label, single center, randomized controlled trial (NCT01003067). After midline incision, the participants were either allocated to abdominal wall closure according to Everett with a PDS‐loop running suture reinforced by an intraperitoneal composite mesh strip (Group A) or the same procedure without the additional mesh strip (Group B).

Results

A total of 276 patients were randomized (Group A = 131; Group B = 136). Follow‐up data after a median of 5.3 years after surgery were available from 183 patients (Group A = 95; Group B = 88). Incisional hernia was diagnosed in 25/95 (26%) patients in Group A and in 46/88 (52%) patients in Group B (risk ratio 0.52; 95% CI 0.36–0.77; p < 0.001). Eighteen patients with asymptomatic incisional hernia went for watchful waiting instead of hernia repair and remained free of symptoms after of a median follow‐up of 5.1 years. Between the second‐ and fifth‐year follow‐up period, no complication associated with the mesh could be detected.

Conclusion

The use of a composite mesh in intraperitoneal onlay position significantly reduces the risk of incisional hernia during a 5‐year follow‐up period.

Trial registration number

Ref. NCT01003067 (clinicaltrials.gov).
FREQUENTIST INFERENCE IN INSURANCE RATEMAKING MODELS ADJUSTING FOR MISREPRESENTATION
Authors: Akakpo Rexford M. , Xia Michelle , Polansky Alan M.
Published: March 2019

In insurance underwriting, misrepresentation represents the type of insurance fraud when an applicant purposely makes a false statement on a risk factor that may lower his or her cost of insurance. Under the insurance ratemaking context, we propose to use the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to perform maximum likelihood estimation of the regression effects and the prevalence of misrepresentation for the misrepresentation model proposed by Xia and Gustafson [(2016) The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 44, 198–218]. For applying the EM algorithm, the unobserved status of misrepresentation is treated as a latent variable in the complete-data likelihood function. We derive the iterative formulas for the EM algorithm and obtain the analytical form of the Fisher information matrix for frequentist inference on the parameters of interest for lognormal losses. We implement the algorithm and demonstrate that valid inference can be obtained on the risk effect despite the unobserved status of misrepresentation. Applying the proposed algorithm, we perform a loss severity analysis with the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. The analysis reveals not only the potential impact misrepresentation may have on the risk effect but also statistical evidence on the presence of misrepresentation in the self-reported insurance status.
VALUATION OF CONTINGENT GUARANTEES USING LEAST-SQUARES MONTE CARLO
Authors: Bienek T. , Scherer M.
Published: March 2019

We consider the problem of pricing modern guarantee concepts in unit-linked life insurance, where the guaranteed amount grows contingent on the performance of an investment fund that acts simultaneously as the underlying security and the replicating portfolio. Using the Martingale Method, this nonstandard pricing problem can be transformed into a fixed-point problem, whose solution requires the evaluation of conditional expectations of highly path-dependent payoffs. By adapting the least-squares Monte Carlo method for American option pricing problems, we develop a new numerical approach to approximate the value of contingent guarantees and prove its convergence. Our valuation procedure can be applied to large-scale pricing problems, for which existing methods are infeasible, and leads to significant improvements in performance.
Antimicrobial therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria or candiduria in advanced cancer patients transitioning to comfort measures
Authors: Datta Rupak , Wang Tianyun , Zhu Mojun , Dembry Louise Marie , Han Ling , Allore Heather , Quagliarello Vincent , Juthani-Mehta Manisha
Published: March 2019

Among 300 advanced cancer patients with potential urinary tract infection (UTI), 19 had symptomatic UTI. Among remaining patients (n = 281), 21% had asymptomatic bacteriuria or candiduria, and 14% received inappropriate therapy for 279 antimicrobial days. Bacteriuria or candiduria predicted antimicrobial therapy. At 10,000 to <100,000 CFU/mL, the incidence rate ratio [IRR] was 16.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.0–47.2), and at ≥100,000 CFU/mL, the IRR was 27.9 (95% CI, 10.9–71.2).
Dynamics and surface stability of a cylindrical cavitation bubble in a rectilinear vortex
Authors: Liu Yunqiao , Wang Benlong
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we formulate the dynamic equations of radial and surface modes for a cylindrical cavitation bubble subject to a prescribed uniform rectilinear vortex flow. The potential flow in the bulk volume of the external flow is modelled using the general mode decomposition approach. The stability of surface modes is investigated under linear analysis. The effects of confinement due to a limited flow domain in a water tunnel and viscosity at the bubble surface are evaluated, which can be fairly neglected for the cylindrical cavitation bubbles discussed. Our model is capable of predicting the developments of surface modes, which agrees well with experimental observations reported in the literature. We derive the Mathieu structure in the dynamic equation of the surface oscillation and the associated instability condition of the surface mode oscillations. The numerical results confirm that the Mathieu-type instability controls the stability diagrams and the emergence of surface modes under specific radial oscillation.
Vitamin D3 supplementation for 8 weeks leads to improved haematological status following the consumption of an iron-fortified breakfast cereal: a double-blind randomised controlled trial in iron-deficient women
Authors: Ahmad Fuzi Salma F. , Mushtaq Sohail
Published: March 2019

The effect of 38 µg (1500 IU) daily vitamin D3 supplementation, consumed with an Fe-fortified breakfast cereal for 8 weeks, on haematological indicators in Fe-deficient female subjects was investigated. Fifty Fe-deficient subjects (plasma ferritin concentration <20 µg/l; mean age: 27·4 (sd 9·4) years) were randomised to consume an Fe-fortified breakfast cereal containing 9 mg of Fe daily, with either a vitamin D3 supplement or placebo. Blood samples were collected at baseline, interim (4 weeks) and post-intervention (8 weeks) for measurement of Fe and vitamin D status biomarkers. The effect of intervention was analysed using mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA. Significant increases were observed in two main haematological indices: Hb concentration and haematocrit level from baseline to post-intervention in the vitamin D group but not in the placebo group. The increase from baseline to post-intervention in Hb concentration in the vitamin D group (135 (sd 11) to 138 (sd 10) g/l) was significantly higher compared with the placebo group (131 (sd 15) to 128 (sd 13) g/l) (P=0·037). The increase in haematocrit level from baseline to post-intervention was also significantly higher in the vitamin D group (42·0 (sd 3·0) to 43·8 (sd 3·4) %) compared with the placebo group (41·2 (sd 4·3) to 40·7 (sd 3·6) %) (P=0·032). Despite the non-significant changes in plasma ferritin concentration, this study demonstrates that 38 µg supplemental vitamin D, consumed daily, with Fe-fortified breakfast cereal led to improvement in Hb concentration and haematocrit levels in women with low Fe stores. These findings may have therapeutic implications in the recovery of Fe status in Fe-deficient populations at a healthcare level.
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF BERGER SPHERES FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF SUBMANIFOLD THEORY
Authors: KIM BYUNG HAK , KIM IN-BAE , MAEDA SADAHIRO
Published: March 2019

In this paper, Berger spheres are regarded as geodesic spheres with sufficiently big radii in a complex projective space. We characterize such real hypersurfaces by investigating their geodesics and contact structures from the viewpoint of submanifold theory.
PTEN influences insulin and lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Deng Qinghua , Ma Dehui , Sun Guoquan , Yuan Xue , Wang Zhe , Liu Guowen
Published: March 2019

Dairy cows with fatty liver or ketosis display decreased insulin sensitivity and defects in the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor and also a negative regulator of insulin signaling and peripheral insulin sensitivity. We investigated the hypothesis that PTEN may affect the insulin pathway-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in dairy cows. Adenovirus vectors that over-express and silence PTEN were constructed, and then transfected into hepatocytes isolated from calves to investigate the effect of PTEN on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PTEN silencing increased the phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of PI3K but decreased the phosphorylation of IRS1, which increased the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Increased GSK-3β phosphorylation further up-regulated expression of the key enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6-Pase) involved in gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, the expression of SREBP-1c target gene fatty acid synthase (FAS) also increased significantly. We further showed that PTEN over-expression could reverse the above results. PTEN negatively regulates the enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis, which suggests that PTEN may be a therapeutic target for ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows.
Parapharyngeal abscess secondary to lymphovenous malformation
Authors: Khosla S , Caton N , Zhang T-T , Davies-Husband C R
Published: March 2019

Background

Deep neck space abscesses are an uncommon but life-threatening emergency presentation to the ENT surgeon because of potential acute airway compromise.

Objective

This paper presents a novel case of a palatine tonsillar, low-flow, lymphovenous malformation pre-disposing to multifocal deep neck space collections and resultant acute airway compromise.
Epidemiological evaluation of human papillomavirus genotypes and their associations in multiple infections
Authors: Del Prete Raffaele , Ronga Luigi , Magrone Raffaella , Addati Grazia , Abbasciano Angela , Di Carlo Domenico , Miragliotta Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of multiple type human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, and whether any types are involved in multiple HPV-type infections (mHPV) more or less frequently than expected. From January 2012 to February 2018, 2848 cervico-vaginal swabs were analysed in the UOC Microbiology and Virology of Policlinico of Bari, Italy. HPV DNA detection was performed using initially nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently multiplex real-time PCR assay. 1357/2848 samples (47.65%) were HPV DNA positive and 694/1357 (51.14%) showed mHPVs. The median number of mHPVs was 2 (interquartile range: 2–3). HPV-types more frequently detected were 42 (9.97%), 16 (8.92%), 53 (7.23%) and 31 (7.16%). Each detected HPV-type was involved in mHPVs in more than 50% of cases. Statistical analysis showed significant associations for all HPV-types except for 33, 43, 51, 58 and 82 HPV-types. The major number of significant pairwise associations were detected for the types 42 and 70. Only positive associations were detected. Further data are necessary to evaluate the clinical impact of the single combinations.
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute Q fever in an endemic area in Israel, 2006–2016
Authors: Reisfeld S. , Hasadia Mhamed S. , Stein M. , Chowers M.
Published: March 2019

Our purpose was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalised with acute Q fever in an endemic area of Israel. We conducted a historical cohort study of all patients hospitalised with a definite diagnosis of acute Q fever, and compared them to patients suspected to have acute Q fever, but diagnosis was ruled out. A total of 38 patients had a definitive diagnosis, 47% occurred during the autumn and winter seasons, only 18% lived in rural regions. Leucopaenia and thrombocytopaenia were uncommon (16% and 18%, respectively), but mild hepatitis was common (mean aspartate aminotransferase 76 U/l, mean alanine aminotransferase 81 U/l). We compared them with 74 patients in which acute Q fever was ruled out, and found that these parameters were not significantly different. Patients with acute Q fever had a shorter hospitalisation and they were treated more often with doxycycline than those without acute Q fever (6.4vs. 14 days,P= 0.007, 71%vs. 38%,P= 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, acute Q fever can manifest as an unspecified febrile illness, with no seasonality. We suggest that in endemic areas, Q fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any febrile patient with risk factors for a persistent infection.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex disease by gender
Authors: Ikuyama Y. , Ushiki A. , Akahane J. , Kosaka M. , Kitaguchi Y. , Urushihata K. , Yasuo M. , Yamamoto H. , Hanaoka M.
Published: March 2019

The clinical characteristics of male patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease have not been clearly defined. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of male patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease compared with female patients.

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease who visited the outpatient clinic of the Shinshu University Hospital between 2003 and 2016 and compared the clinical characteristics of male and female patients.

A total of 234 patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease were identified (68 men and 166 women). Male patients were significantly older than female patients. Blood examination results showed that the lymphocyte count, total protein level and albumin level were significantly lower in men than in women. Chest imaging findings were broadly categorised into the fibrocavitary and nodular bronchiectasis types. There were no significant differences in chest imaging findings and the time from diagnosis to disease exacerbation between men and women.

During the study period, the incidence of the nodular bronchiectasis type of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease in male patients increased compared with previous reports. Men had no difference in time to exacerbation compared with women.
The power of working longer
Authors: Bronshtein Gila , Scott Jason , Shoven John B. , Slavov Sita Nataraj
Published: March 2019

This paper compares the relative strengths of working longer vs. saving more in terms of increasing a household's affordable, sustainable standard of living in retirement. Both stylized households and actual households from the Health and Retirement Study are examined. We assume that workers commence Social Security benefits when they retire. The basic result is that delaying retirement by 3–6 months has the same impact on the retirement standard of living as saving an additional one-percentage point of labor earnings for 30 years. The relative power of saving more is even lower if the decision to increase saving is made later in the work life. For instance, increasing retirement saving by one percentage point 10 years before retirement has the same impact on the sustainable retirement standard of living as working between 1 and 2 months longer. The calculations of the relative power of working longer and saving more are done for a wide range of realized rates of returns on saving, for households with different income levels, and for singles as well as married couples. The results are quite invariant to these circumstances.
Phenotypic analysis of leaf colours from the USDA, ARS sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) germplasm collection
Authors: Jackson D. Michael , Harrison H. F. , Jarret R. L. , Wadl P. A.
Published: March 2019

Leaf colour characteristics of 730 sweetpotato,Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae), plant introduction (PI) accessions from the USDA sweetpotato germplasm collection were evaluated during 2012–2014. Colorimetry data for the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces were recorded using a tristimulus colorimeter and the CIE 1976 L*a*b* and CIE L*C*h* colour spaces. Most accessions (725 of 730 PIs) had dark-to-medium green leaves, but two PIs had totally purple leaves, and three PIs had yellow or yellow-green (chartreuse) leaves. For mature, field-grown green leaves, values for the red-green coordinate (a*) averaged −12.4 for the adaxial and −10.4 for the abaxial leaf surface. Values for the blue-yellow coordinate (b*) averaged 17.2 for the adaxial and 17.3 for the abaxial leaf surface. Hue angle (h*) for green leaves averaged 120.9° for the adaxial and 126.2° for the abaxial leaf surface. Colour saturation (Chroma, C*) averaged 21.3 for the adaxial and 20.2 for the abaxial leaf surface. Lightness (L*) averaged 35.4 for the adaxial and 47.2 for the abaxial leaf surface of green leaves. Late in the season, over one-half (53.9%) of the 730 PIs showed some level of purple pigmentation in the leaf lamina. Late-season purple leaves were collected and colour coordinates were recorded for 118 PIs grown in the field. For purple leaves, values for a*, b*, C*, L* and h* averaged 2.3, 6.2, 7.9, 28.2 and 64.4° for the adaxial surface and −1.0, 12.7, 13.9, 43.1 and 87.0° for the abaxial leaf surface, respectively.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis targeting trauma, voices and dissociation: a case report
Authors: McCartney Laura , Douglas Maggie , Varese Filippo , Turkington Douglas , Morrison Anthony P. , Dudley Robert
Published: March 2019

Trauma and dissociation may be important factors contributing to the experiences of distressing voice hearing. However, there is scant mention of how to target and treat such processes when working with people with psychosis. This case study reports on an initial attempt to work with dissociation and trauma memories in a person with voices. A single case approach was used, with standardized measures used before, during and after 24 sessions of cognitive therapy, and at 6-month follow-up. In addition, session-by-session measures tracked frequency and distress associated with voices and dissociation. The participant reported significant improvements in terms of reduced frequency and distress of dissociation, and voice hearing, as well as improvement in low mood at the end of treatment. At follow-up there were enduring benefits in terms of dissociation and trauma-related experiences, as well as broad recovery but not of change in voices. This case illustrated the potential benefit of targeting dissociation and exposure to trauma memories in producing general symptom improvement and specific reductions in dissociation and voice hearing at end of treatment.
Design and development of wide band dual-polarized magneto electric dipole antenna for mobile communications
Authors: Pollayi Lakshminarayana , Dasari Rama Krishna , Pandharipande Vijay M.
Published: March 2019

A shorted magneto electric dipole with orthogonal dual polarization is designed for modern wireless communications. The proposed antenna is a wideband dual-polarized antenna consisting of magneto electric dipoles, which are fed by novel hook-shaped strip feeds. The antenna proposed in this paper is simulated using EM simulation software called high-frequency structure simulator. The simulated and measured results are presented. This antenna achieves 45.4% of impedance bandwidth of −10 dB RL for frequency range from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz. This frequency range covers the wireless communications applications like GSM 1800/1900, WCDMA, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.
Ripple Effects of Surface Acting: A Diary Study among Dual-Earner Couples
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. , Sanz-Vergel Ana Isabel , Rodríguez-Muñoz Alfredo , Antino Mirko
Published: March 2019

This study among 80 dual-earner couples examines the ripple effects of emotional labour – on a daily basis. Specifically, we propose that employees who engage in surface acting at work drain their energetic resources, and undermine their own relationship satisfaction. Drawing upon conservation of resources (COR) theory, we predicted that work-related exhaustion would mediate the relationship between surface acting at work and at home. In addition, we hypothesized that employees’ emotional energy in the evening would mediate the relationship between surface acting at home and (actor and partner) satisfaction with the relationship. Participants filled in a survey and a diary booklet during five consecutive working days (N= 80 couples,N= 160 participants x 5 days,N= 800 occasions). The hypotheses were tested with multilevel analyses, using the actor–partner interdependence model. Results showed that daily work-related exhaustion partially mediated the relationship between daily surface acting at work and at home. As hypothesized, daily surface acting at home influenced own and partner’s daily relationship satisfaction through reduced daily emotional energy. These findings offer support for COR theory, and have important implications for organizations that encourage emotion regulation.
Patterns of Precarity: Historical Trajectories of Vietnamese Labour Mobility
Authors: Tappe Oliver
Published: March 2019

In past and present Vietnam, the dialectic of precarity and resilience shapes the everyday lives of mobile labourers. Vietnamese labour mobility is characterised by an interplay between precariousness ‘at home’ and the uncertainties of migration. The paper aims to highlight continuities and contingencies in the longue durée of Vietnamese work migration through a historical contextualisation of precarious labour relations. Both colonial ‘coolie’ workers and present-day labour migrants share similar experiences, for example socioeconomic marginalisation in the regions of origin, opportunity and risk, and emerging translocal identities.
A Year‐Round Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal Sea Ice Prediction Portal
Authors: Wayand N. E. , Bitz C. M. , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth E.
Published: March 2019

A significant barrier to understanding and quantifying current skill of Arctic sea ice forecasts is a lack of a central database to enable model evaluation and intercomparison. This study addresses this issue by introducing a central server and web portal housing multimodel ensemble forecasts. We present an overview of the portal and provide an analysis of 2018 forecast skill. Among the 16 participating models, forecasts of sea ice concentration varied widely; yet the multimodel mean generally offered skillful forecasts for up to 5 months. Models that assimilated observed concentrations with more advanced methods performed better on average than other models. Similarly, one model that incorporated satellite‐based sea ice thickness thereafter compared most favorably with thickness measured along IceBridge flight tracks. These results highlight the benefits from multimodel predictions and assimilating sea ice variables and the insights gained from near‐real‐time evaluation of operational forecasts.
Barotropic Kelvin Wave‐Induced Bottom Boundary Layer Warming Along the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Webb D. J. , Holmes R. M. , Spence P. , England M. H.
Published: March 2019

Intrusions of warm circumpolar deep water onto the Antarctic continental shelf are thought to drive accelerated loss of Antarctic glacial ice mass by triggering melt at the ice shelf grounding line. However, the mechanisms responsible for driving on‐shelf circumpolar deep water intrusions are not well understood. Here we examine how sea surface height (SSH) anomalies propagating around the Antarctic coastline as coastal‐trapped waves can drive warm water intrusions through changes in bottom Ekman transport. A wind perturbation motivated by the recent intensification and poleward shift of the southern annular mode during its positive phase is applied over Eastern Antarctica between 20°E and 120°E in two global ocean sea‐ice models (1/4° and 1/10°) and a single‐layer shallow water model. The changes in winds generate a drop in coastal SSH that propagates around Antarctica as a barotropic Kelvin wave. The SSH drop is accompanied by a barotropic flow, which alters the bottom stress, generating an onshore transport of warm water wherever thermal gradients are favorable. We estimate the resulting anomalous bottom Ekman flow and use temperature gradients calculated from the Southern Ocean State Estimate, along with the 1/4° and 1/10° models, to evaluate the resultant heat advection. We find that this mechanism can drive warming of up to 0.7 °C along the West Antarctic Peninsula within a year, depending on the mean state of the cross‐shelf temperature gradient and the barotropic flow strength. Over longer time scales, warming eventually ceases due to saturation of the SSH field and arrest of the Ekman transport by buoyancy forces.
Atlantic Water Pathways Along the North‐Western Svalbard Shelf Mapped Using Vessel‐Mounted Current Profilers
Authors: Menze Sebastian , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Haugan Peter , Fer Ilker , Sundfjord Arild , Beszczynska‐Moeller Agnieszka , Falk‐Petersen Stig
Published: March 2019

A large amount of warm Atlantic water (AW) enters the Arctic as a boundary current through Fram Strait (West Spitsbergen Current [WSC]) and is the major oceanic heat source to the Arctic Ocean. Along the north‐western Svalbard shelf, the WSC splits into the shallow Svalbard Branch, the Yermak Branch that follows the slope of the Yermak Plateau, and the Yermak Pass Branch flowing across the plateau. The WSC has previously been studied using moorings, dedicated oceanographic transects, and models. In this study, we mapped the circulation patterns and AW flow around Svalbard using Vessel‐Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data from multiple surveys during four consecutive summers (2014–2017). Despite the scattered nature of this compiled data set, persistent circulation patterns could be discerned. Spatial interpolation showed a meandering boundary current west of Svalbard and a more homogeneous AW flow, centered around the 1,000‐m isobath north of Svalbard. In all summers, we observed a northward jet between 79 and 80°N and the 1,000‐ and 500‐m isobaths, before the WSC divided into the three branches. North of Svalbard, the shallow Svalbard Branch reunited with the Yermak Pass Branch between 10 and 15°E and a part of the AW circulated within Hinlopen Trench. The calculated volume transport of 2 Sv in the upper 500 m compares well with model results and previous observations. Our results further show that the Yermak Pass Branch can be as important as the Svalbard Branch in transporting AW across the Yermak Plateau during summer.
The Contributions of Winter Cloud Anomalies in 2011 to the Summer Sea‐Ice Rebound in 2012 in the Antarctic
Authors: Wang Yunhe , Yuan Xiaojun , Bi Haibo , Liang Yu , Huang Haijun , Zhang Zehua , Liu Yanxia
Published: March 2019

Unlike the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice in the warming climate, Antarctic sea‐ice extent exhibits a modest positive trend in the period of near four decades. In recent years, the fluctuation in Antarctic sea ice has been strengthened, including a decrease toward the lowest sea‐ice extent in February 2011 for the period of 1978–2016 and a strong rebound in the summer of 2012. The sea‐ice recovery mainly occurs in the Weddell Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Amundsen Sea, southern Ross Sea, and the eastern Somov Sea. This study offers a new mechanism for this summertime sea‐ice rebound. We demonstrate that cloud‐fraction anomalies in winter 2011 contributed to the positive Antarctic sea‐ice anomaly in summer 2012. The results show that the negative cloud‐fraction anomalies in winter 2011 related to the large‐scale atmospheric circulation resulted in a substantial negative surface‐radiation budget, which cooled the surface and promoted more sea‐ice growth. The sea‐ice growth anomalies due to the negative cloud forcing propagated by sea‐ice motion vectors from September 2011 to January 2012. The distribution of the sea‐ice anomalies corresponded well with the sea‐ice concentration anomalies in February 2012 in the Weddell Sea and eastern Somov Sea. Thus, negative cloud‐fraction anomalies in winter can play a vital role in the following summer sea‐ice distribution.
Incomplete Anger‐Weber Functions: A Class of Special Functions for Electromagnetics
Authors: Caratelli Diego
Published: March 2019

A novel class of special functions for electromagnetics is presented. Formed by the incomplete Anger‐Weber functions, this class conveniently allows solving electromagnetic problems involving truncated circular electromagnetic structures. The definition of these functions is here introduced, and the relevant analytical properties are derived. The definition is such that the interrelationships between the incomplete functions parallel, as far as is feasible, those for canonical Anger‐Weber functions.
New Budget Bill Rescues NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System
Authors: Popkin Gabriel
Published: March 2019

“We’re back!” says $10-million-per-year project’s science team leader.
First Privately Developed Lander En Route to the Moon
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: March 2019

The lander, built by an Israeli company, will survive on the surface for just a few days. It will capture magnetic field data and conduct an experiment with a lunar orbiter.
Publisher Correction: Alpha-fetoprotein inhibits autophagy to promote malignant behaviour in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhu Mingyue , Wang Qiaoyun , Hou Yuli , Li Lei , Weng Honglei , Zhao Yan , Chen Dexi , Guo Junli , Ding Huiguo , Li Mengsen
Published: March 2019

The article published with errors in the authors’ information. The correct ordering and designations for corresponding /first authors are shown here.
Author Correction: Neuroglobin promotes neurogenesis through Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Zhanyang , Cheng Chongjie , Liu Yu , Liu Ning , Lo Eng H. , Wang Xiaoying
Published: March 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the Abstract. “PSA-NCAM positive neuroblastoma cells” should have read “PSA-NCAM positive neuroblasts”. Similarly, in the first paragraph of the Discussion, “the number of neuroblastoma cells” should have read “the number of neuroblasts”.
High-resolution characterization of centriole distal appendage morphology and dynamics by correlative STORM and electron microscopy
Authors: Bowler Mathew , Kong Dong , Sun Shufeng , Nanjundappa Rashmi , Evans Lauren , Farmer Veronica , Holland Andrew , Mahjoub Moe R. , Sui Haixin , Loncarek Jadranka
Published: March 2019

Centrioles are vital cellular structures that form centrosomes and cilia. The formation and function of cilia depends on a set of centriole’s distal appendages. In this study, we use correlative super resolution and electron microscopy to precisely determine where distal appendage proteins localize in relation to the centriole microtubules and appendage electron densities. Here we characterize a novel distal appendage protein ANKRD26 and detail, in high resolution, the initial steps of distal appendage assembly. We further show that distal appendages undergo a dramatic ultra-structural reorganization before mitosis, during which they temporarily lose outer components, while inner components maintain a nine-fold organization. Finally, using electron tomography we reveal that mammalian distal appendages associate with two centriole microtubule triplets via an elaborate filamentous base and that they appear as almost radial finger-like protrusions. Our findings challenge the traditional portrayal of mammalian distal appendage as a pinwheel-like structure that is maintained throughout mitosis.
Modularity and predicted functions of the global sponge-microbiome network
Authors: Lurgi Miguel , Thomas Torsten , Wemheuer Bernd , Webster Nicole S. , Montoya Jose M.
Published: March 2019

Defining the organisation of species interaction networks and unveiling the processes behind their assembly is fundamental to understanding patterns of biodiversity, community stability and ecosystem functioning. Marine sponges host complex communities of microorganisms that contribute to their health and survival, yet the mechanisms behind microbiome assembly are largely unknown. We present the global marine sponge–microbiome network and reveal a modular organisation in both community structure and function. Modules are linked by a few sponge species that share microbes with other species around the world. Further, we provide evidence that abiotic factors influence the structuring of the sponge microbiome when considering all microbes present, but biotic interactions drive the assembly of more intimately associated ‘core’ microorganisms. These findings suggest that both ecological and evolutionary processes are at play in host-microbe network assembly. We expect mechanisms behind microbiome assembly to be consistent across multicellular hosts throughout the tree of life.
Precipitation strengthening in an ultralight magnesium alloy
Authors: Tang Song , Xin Tongzheng , Xu Wanqiang , Miskovic David , Sha Gang , Quadir Zakaria , Ringer Simon , Nomoto Keita , Birbilis Nick , Ferry Michael
Published: March 2019

Body-centred cubic magnesium-lithium-aluminium-base alloys are the lightest of all the structural alloys, with recently developed alloy compositions showing a unique multi-dimensional property profile. By hitherto unrecognised mechanisms, such alloys also exhibit exceptional immediate strengthening after solution treatment and water quenching, but strength eventually decreases during prolonged low temperature ageing. We show that such phenomena are due to the precipitation of semi-coherent D03-Mg3Al nanoparticles during rapid cooling followed by gradual coarsening and subsequent loss of coherency. Physical explanation of these phenomena allowed the creation of an exceptionally low-density alloy that is also structurally stable by controlling the lattice mismatch and volume fraction of the Mg3Al nanoparticles. The outcome is one of highest specific-strength engineering alloys ever developed.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Atomic insight into hydration shells around facetted nanoparticles
Authors: Thomä Sabrina L. J. , Krauss Sebastian W. , Eckardt Mirco , Chater Phil , Zobel Mirijam
Published: March 2019

Nanoparticles in solution interact with their surroundings via hydration shells. Although the structure of these shells is used to explain nanoscopic properties, experimental structural insight is still missing. Here we show how to access the hydration shell structures around colloidal nanoparticles in scattering experiments. For this, we synthesize variably functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions. Irrespective of the capping agent, we identify three distinct interatomic distances within 2.5 Å from the particle surface which belong to dissociatively and molecularly adsorbed water molecules, based on theoretical predictions. A weaker restructured hydration shell extends up to 15 Å. Our results show that the crystal structure dictates the hydration shell structure. Surprisingly, facets of 7 and 15 nm particles behave like planar surfaces. These findings bridge the large gap between spectroscopic studies on hydrogen bond networks and theoretical advances in solvation science.
A multi-task convolutional deep neural network for variant calling in single molecule sequencing
Authors: Luo Ruibang , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Lam Tak-Wah , Schatz Michael C.
Published: March 2019

The accurate identification of DNA sequence variants is an important, but challenging task in genomics. It is particularly difficult for single molecule sequencing, which has a per-nucleotide error rate of ~5–15%. Meeting this demand, we developed Clairvoyante, a multi-task five-layer convolutional neural network model for predicting variant type (SNP or indel), zygosity, alternative allele and indel length from aligned reads. For the well-characterized NA12878 human sample, Clairvoyante achieves 99.67, 95.78, 90.53% F1-score on 1KP common variants, and 98.65, 92.57, 87.26% F1-score for whole-genome analysis, using Illumina, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore data, respectively. Training on a second human sample shows Clairvoyante is sample agnostic and finds variants in less than 2 h on a standard server. Furthermore, we present 3,135 variants that are missed using Illumina but supported independently by both PacBio and Oxford Nanopore reads. Clairvoyante is available open-source (https://github.com/aquaskyline/Clairvoyante), with modules to train, utilize and visualize the model.
Coexistence of metallic and nonmetallic properties in the pyrochlore Lu2Rh2O7
Authors: Hallas Alannah M. , Sharma Arzoo Z. , Mauws Cole , Chen Qiang , Zhou Haidong D. , Ding Cui , Gong Zizhou , Tachibana Makoto , Sarte Paul M. , Attfield J. Paul , Luke Graeme M. , Wiebe Christopher R.
Published: March 2019

Transition metal oxides of the 4d and 5d block have recently become the targets of materials discovery, largely due to their strong spin–orbit coupling that can generate exotic magnetic and electronic states. Here, we report the high-pressure synthesis of Lu2Rh2O7, a new cubic pyrochlore oxide based on 4d5 Rh4+, and characterizations via thermodynamic, electrical transport, and muon spin relaxation measurements. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a large temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetic contribution, while heat capacity shows an enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient, γ = 21.8(1) mJ/mol-Rh K2. Muon spin relaxation measurements confirm that Lu2Rh2O7 remains paramagnetic down to 2 K. Taken in combination, these three measurements suggest that Lu2Rh2O7 is a correlated paramagnetic metal with a Wilson ratio of RW = 2.5. However, electric transport measurements present a striking contradiction as the resistivity of Lu2Rh2O7 is observed to monotonically increase with decreasing temperature, indicative of a nonmetallic state. Furthermore, although the magnitude of the resistivity is that of a semiconductor, the temperature dependence does not obey any conventional form. Thus, we propose that Lu2Rh2O7 may belong to the same novel class of non-Fermi liquids as the nonmetallic metal FeCrAs.
Direct stimulation of somatosensory cortex results in slower reaction times compared to peripheral touch in humans
Authors: Caldwell David J. , Cronin Jeneva A. , Wu Jing , Weaver Kurt E. , Ko Andrew L. , Rao Rajesh P. N. , Ojemann Jeffrey G.
Published: March 2019

Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) could help restore sensation and provide task-relevant feedback in a neuroprosthesis. However, the psychophysics of S1 DCS is poorly studied, including any comparison to cutaneous haptic stimulation. We compare the response times to DCS of human hand somatosensory cortex through electrocorticographic grids with response times to haptic stimuli delivered to the hand in four subjects. We found that subjects respond significantly slower to S1 DCS than to natural, haptic stimuli for a range of DCS train durations. Median response times for haptic stimulation varied from 198 ms to 313 ms, while median responses to reliably perceived DCS ranged from 254 ms for one subject, all the way to 528 ms for another. We discern no significant impact of learning or habituation through the analysis of blocked trials, and find no significant impact of cortical stimulation train duration on response times. Our results provide a realistic set of expectations for latencies with somatosensory DCS feedback for future neuroprosthetic applications and motivate the study of neural mechanisms underlying human perception of somatosensation via DCS.