bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of interfacial transition zone of sustainable concrete with recycled and steel slag as aggregate
Authors: Wu Kai , Hu Yuan , Zhang Lintao , Su Yufeng , Han Jianguo , Yang Zhenghong , De Schutter Geert
Published: December 2020

Utilizing steel slag and recycled concrete as fine aggregate could save the consumption of natural resource and reduce the environmental pollution. In this work, the effect of steel slag aggregate and recycled aggregate on the compressive strength and chloride migration coefficient of three types of concretes were investigated and compared with natural aggregate. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) microstructure and the connection between aggregate and bulk cement matrix was determined by using a quantitative backscattered electron (BSE) image analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that the compressive strength and chloride resistance ability of natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and steel slag aggregate concrete (SAC) was highly dependent on aggregate volume content. The performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were much poorer than that of SAC and NAC. Pore structure and phase analysis confirmed that the improved properties of SAC can be partially attributed to the densified ITZ. Regarding RAC, a porous ITZ was observed in BSE image and pore structure analysis, which caused a poor compressive strength and a large chloride migration coefficient. It was found that the improvement of chloride resistance ability by using supplementary cementitious materials in NAC was more remarkable than that in SAC.
Deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective placement of virtual machines in cloud datacenters
Authors: Caviglione Luca , Gaggero Mauro , Paolucci Massimo , Ronco Roberto
Published: December 2020

The ubiquitous diffusion of cloud computing requires suitable management policies to face the workload while guaranteeing quality constraints and mitigating costs. The typical trade-off is between the used power and the adherence to a service-level metric subscribed by customers. To this aim, a possible idea is to use an optimization-based placement mechanism to select the servers where to deploy virtual machines. Unfortunately, high packing factors could lead to performance and security issues, e.g., virtual machines can compete for hardware resources or collude to leak data. Therefore, we introduce a multi-objective approach to compute optimal placement strategies considering different goals, such as the impact of hardware outages, the power required by the datacenter, and the performance perceived by users. Placement strategies are found by using a deep reinforcement learning framework to select the best placement heuristic for each virtual machine composing the workload. Results indicate that our method outperforms bin packing heuristics widely used in the literature when considering either synthetic or real workloads.
Second-order grey-scale texture analysis of pleural ultrasound images to differentiate acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Brusasco Claudia , Santori Gregorio , Tavazzi Guido , Via Gabriele , Robba Chiara , Gargani Luna , Mojoli Francesco , Mongodi Silvia , Bruzzo Elisa , Trò Rosella , Boccacci Patrizia , Isirdi Alessandro , Forfori Francesco , Corradi Francesco ,   UCARE (Ultrasound in Critical care and Anesthesia Research Group)
Published: December 2020

Discriminating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) may be challenging in critically ill patients. Aim of this study was to investigate if gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis of lung ultrasound (LUS) images can differentiate ARDS from CPE. The study population consisted of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure and submitted to LUS and extravascular lung water monitoring, and of a healthy control group (HCG). A digital analysis of pleural line and subpleural space, based on the GLCM with second order statistical texture analysis, was tested. We prospectively evaluated 47 subjects: 16 with a clinical diagnosis of CPE, 8 of ARDS, and 23 healthy subjects. By comparing ARDS and CPE patients’ subgroups with HCG, the one-way ANOVA models found a statistical significance in 9 out of 11 GLCM textural features. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons found statistical significance within each matrix feature for ARDS vs. CPE and CPE vs. HCG (P ≤ 0.001 for all). For ARDS vs. HCG a statistical significance occurred only in two matrix features (correlation: P = 0.005; homogeneity: P = 0.048). The quantitative method proposed has shown high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating normal lung from ARDS or CPE, and good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating CPE and ARDS. Gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis of LUS images has the potential to aid pulmonary edemas differential diagnosis.
Host metabolism dysregulation and cell tropism identification in human airway and alveolar organoids upon SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Pei Rongjuan , Feng Jianqi , Zhang Yecheng , Sun Hao , Li Lian , Yang Xuejie , He Jiangping , Xiao Shuqi , Xiong Jin , Lin Ying , Wen Kun , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Jiekai , Rong Zhili , Chen Xinwen
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is spread primary via respiratory droplets and infects the lungs. Currently widely used cell lines and animals are unable to accurately mimic human physiological conditions because of the abnormal status of cell lines (transformed or cancer cells) and species differences between animals and humans. Organoids are stem cell-derived self-organized three-dimensional culture in vitro and model the physiological conditions of natural organs. Here we showed that SARS-CoV-2 infected and extensively replicated in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived lung organoids, including airway and alveolar organoids which covered the complete infection and spread route for SARS-CoV-2 within lungs. The infected cells were ciliated, club, and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, which were sequentially located from the proximal to the distal airway and terminal alveoli, respectively. Additionally, RNA-seq revealed early cell response to virus infection including an unexpected downregulation of the metabolic processes, especially lipid metabolism, in addition to the well-known upregulation of immune response. Further, Remdesivir and a human neutralizing antibody potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung organoids. Therefore, human lung organoids can serve as a pathophysiological model to investigate the underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs for COVID-19.
Remediating McLuhan
Authors: Cavell Richard
Published: December 2020

While current scholarly interest has assured McLuhan's foundational status as media theorist, it has by no means exhausted the import of his writings, which take on additional layers in the current digital moment. This collection of essays argues that it was McLuhan's confrontation of the bios that was the distinguishing feature of his media theory and the source of its most consistent problematic. Holding that media were extensions of the human, McLuhan also posited that the human was a product of technology. Remediating McLuhan ranges over media theory, art history, bio-technology and deep history in addressing this problematic, and discusses McLuhan in the context of Flusser and Turing, Carl Woese and Daniel Lord Smail.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae epidemiology in Veterans’ Affairs medical centers varies by facility characteristics
Authors: Wirth Marissa S. , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Suda Katie J. , Wilson Geneva M. , Ramanathan Swetha , Evans Martin E. , Jones Makoto M. , Pfeiffer Christopher D. , Evans Charlesnika T.
Published: December 2020

This is an epidemiological study of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Veterans’ Affairs medical centers (VAMCs). In 2017, almost 75% of VAMCs had at least 1 CRE case. We observed substantial geographic variability, with more cases in urban, complex facilities. This supports the benefit of tailoring infection control strategies to facility characteristics.
Sedimentology and integrated chronostratigraphy of the lower Heatherdale Shale (Cambrian, stages 2–3), Stansbury Basin, South Australia
Authors: Chen Feiyang , Brock Glenn A. , Betts Marissa J. , Zhang Zhiliang , Yun Hao , Klaebe Robert Matthew , Laing Brittany , Zhang Zhifei
Published: December 2020

Major progress has recently been made regarding the biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy and isotope chemostratigraphy of the lower Cambrian successions in South Australia, in particular of the Arrowie Basin, which has facilitated robust global stratigraphic correlations. However, lack of faunal and sedimentological data from the lower Cambrian Normanville Group in the eastern Stansbury Basin, South Australia – particularly the transition from the Fork Tree Limestone to the Heatherdale Shale – has prevented resolution of the age range, lithofacies, depositional environments and regional correlation of this succession. Here we present detailed sedimentologic, biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data through this transition in the eastern Stansbury Basin. Three lithofacies are identified that indicate a deepening depositional environment ranging from inner-mid-shelf (Lithofacies A and B) to outer shelf (Lithofacies C). New δ13C chemostratigraphic data capture global positive excursion III within the lower Heatherdale Shale. Recovered bradoriid Sinskolutella cuspidata supports an upper Stage 2 (Micrina etheridgei Zone). The combined geochemistry and palaeontology data reveal that the lower Heatherdale Shale is older than previously appreciated. This integrated study improves regional chronostratigraphic resolution and interbasinal correlation, and better constrains the depositional setting of this important lower Cambrian package from the eastern Stansbury Basin, South Australia.
Introduction & overview
Authors: Galanakis Yannis , Shapland Andrew
Published: December 2020

This brief introduction presents the structure and contents of the current issue and links the various contributions to events or very recent discoveries that were reported in the press in the period immediately before its completion in September. It also offers an overview (not meant to be exhaustive) of archaeological activity in Greece over the past 12 months, focusing on major exhibitions and important recent publications.
The work of the British School at Athens, 2019–2020
Authors: Bennet John
Published: December 2020

This article, based on an oral presentation by the author at its Annual General Meeting in February 2020, summarizes the activities of the British School at Athens (BSA) with a focus on the calendar year 2019. It describes – selectively and concisely – research by award holders, BSA-sponsored fieldwork and study in 2019 at three locations (Olynthos, Koutroulou Magoula and Knossos), research and events associated with the Fitch Laboratory and the Knossos Research Centre, plus other activities of the BSA in Greece and the UK, including seminars, conferences and workshops.
Newsround
Authors: Parikh Tulsi
Published: December 2020

‘Newsround’ offers a platform for new discoveries that do not appear within the specialist contributions of this year’s Archaeological Reports, but which nevertheless warrant emphasis, either as a result of their particular characteristics or for the contribution they make to broader archaeological narratives. This section is not intended to be exhaustive but rather an overview of archaeological research in Greece. It comprises largely preliminary reports (results of excavations that took place up to and including August 2020 where possible) that complement the digital content made available through Archaeology in Greece Online (https://chronique.efa.gr). Due to the diachronic nature of a number of the sites and for ease of reference, the material is organized geographically in the first instance and then chronologically (earliest to latest) within each section as far as possible.
The islands of the Saronic Gulf: connections & cultural histories
Authors: Loy Michael
Published: December 2020

This article reviews a decade of publications and rescue excavations on the islands of Aegina, Poros and Salamis, and on the island-like Methana peninsula. Considerable amounts of new data have come to light that demonstrate how, from prehistory through to more recent times, the islands of the Saronic Gulf have been plugged in to networks with one another, with their neighbouring mainlands and with the wider Aegean. Moreover, a not insignificant number of publications has recently become available that synthesize many years of archaeological discoveries into cultural histories, telling the stories of each island and of the whole archipelago.
The nadir of vital interests: Hannah Arendt and the Franco-German Armistice 1940
Authors: Whitehall Deborah
Published: December 2020

Illusions of common interest and joint purpose falter when states choose to break up, as with the recent changes to the European Union, or according to more dangerous precipitants such as those which shaped the Franco-German Armistice 1940, 80 years ago as a detail of war. The latter bares the sudden end of the Franco-British alliance and holds an invitation from history to re-examine the troubling political, social and legal layers of the concept of the vital interests of states. That category opened to radically different interpretations for political and legal thinkers who witnessed the fall of France yet did not respond directly or immediately. Hannah Arendt’s theory of politics, conceived in the aftermath of war as a corrective to the internal fragmentation of the European nation-state, elucidates the instability of the concept of vital interests which underpinned international legal and political thought in the 1930s and 1940s and frustrates the co-operative relations between states. The problem pairs back, she says, to whether interests signify an associative technique or sword. Her invitation for legal thought is to challenge the expectation of rupture implicit in the juridical category by outlining an alternative that recovers the pacifistic function of law and implicates the international lawyer.
Earth’s Magnetic Field Holds Clues to Human History
Authors: McBride Alice
Published: December 2020

Items burned in the sacking of ancient cities are time capsules of geomagnetic data.
Peritectic Melting of Mica in Fault‐Related Pseudotachylite Melts and Potassium Mass Balance as an Indicator of Fluid‐Absent Source Conditions.
Authors: Dobson David P. , Montheil Leny , Paine Joseph J. , Thomson Andrew R.
Published: December 2020

Pseudotachylites are generally considered to be produced by flash melting of the most fusible minerals, with compositions often dominated by biotite mica. We present phase fraction calculations for 237 pseudotachylite analyses from 28 localities spanning a range of host rock compositions from granites to peridotites. Pseudotachylite matrix compositions cannot be reproduced by a simple linear mixture of the minerals in their host rocks and commonly show a potassium deficit in pseudotachylites which contain significant contributions from biotite or muscovite. This is strongly indicative of peritectic melting of mica under fluid‐absent conditions. Occasionally, a negative contribution from an aluminosilicate phase is required but with a positive contribution from potassium feldspar. This is most consistent with peritectic melting of micas under fluid present conditions. The present data therefore suggest that, while fluid absent flash melting might be the most common mode of formation of pseudotachylite, in some instances pseudotachylites can be produced in the presence of a free fluid. Potassium mass balance of pseudotachylites might therefore be a diagnostic indicator of fluid‐absent conditions in their source regions during seismogenic rupture. We give some examples of observational evidence of peritectic liquidus phases in pseudotachylites and suggest that the significance of these phases might have been overlooked in previous studies.
An Unknown Maximum Lag‐Correlation Between Rainfall and Aerosols at 140–160 Minutes
Authors: Alpert Pinhas , Shafir Haim , Elhacham Emily
Published: December 2020

Rainfall and aerosols play major roles in the Earth climate system and substantially influence our life. Here, the focus is on the local near‐surface aerosol/rainfall correlations with time scales of minutes to days. We investigated 29 experiments including 14 specific rain events, with time resolutions of daily and 60, 30, and 10 min at 10 stations in Israel and California. The highest negative correlations were consistently at a positive lag of about 140–160 min where a positive lag means that the aerosol time series follows that of the rain. The highest negative value is suggested to be the probable outcome of immediate scavenging along with the rise in aerosol concentration after rain depending on aerosol sources, hygroscopic growth, and transport. The scavenging dominance is expressed by the mostly negative lag‐correlation values in all experiments. In addition, the consistent lack of significant correlation found at negative lags suggests a weak aerosol effect on precipitation.
Sustained Changes in Well Water Levels Following a Large Earthquake: Possible Evidence of Permeability Decreases in a Shallow Groundwater System
Authors: Liao Xin , Wang Guangcai , Shi Zheming
Published: December 2020

Observation of earthquake‐induced changes in well water levels provides an opportunity to study the effects of seismic activity on the groundwater system. In this study, we used data from a well network in the alluvial Canterbury Plain of New Zealand’s South Island to document sustained and complex changes in well water levels following the 2010 Darfield earthquake. Sustained increases in well water levels in midstream areas, as well as sustained decreases in downstream areas, resulted from decreases in permeability. These decreases in permeability were possibly caused by consolidation of liquefied sediments following the earthquake.
Soil Organic Carbon Development and Turnover in Natural and Disturbed Salt Marsh Environments
Authors: Luk Sheron Y. , Todd‐Brown Katherine , Eagle Meagan , McNichol Ann P. , Sanderman Jonathan , Gosselin Kelsey , Spivak Amanda C.
Published: December 2020

Salt marsh survival with sea‐level rise (SLR) increasingly relies on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and preservation. Using a novel combination of geochemical approaches, we characterized fine SOC (≤1 mm) supporting marsh elevation maintenance. Overlaying thermal reactivity, source (δ13C), and age (F14C) information demonstrates several processes contributing to soil development: marsh grass production, redeposition of eroded material, and microbial reworking. Redeposition of old carbon, likely from creekbanks, represented ∼9%–17% of shallow SOC (≤26 cm). Soils stored marsh grass‐derived compounds with a range of reactivities that were reworked over centuries‐to‐millennia. Decomposition decreases SOC thermal reactivity throughout the soil column while the decades‐long disturbance of ponding accelerated this shift in surface horizons. Empirically derived estimates of SOC turnover based on geochemical composition spanned a wide range (640–9,951 years) and have the potential to inform predictions of marsh ecosystem evolution.
Particle‐In‐Cell Modeling of Martian Magnetic Cusps and Their Role in Enhancing Nightside Ionospheric Ion Escape
Authors: Poppe A. R. , Brain D. A. , Dong Y. , Xu S. , Jarvinen R.
Published: December 2020

Amongst various escape channels, ion outflow is a major contributor to atmospheric loss at Mars over geologic time. On Mars' nightside, observations have indicated that cusp regions within crustal magnetic fields are associated with phenomena such as accelerated particle populations, discrete auroral emissions, and ionospheric outflow; however, the kinetic physics occurring within crustal magnetic cusps is poorly understood. Here, we present 1.5‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations of magnetospheric‐ionospheric interactions within martian crustal magnetic cusp regions of varying strength. Simulation results demonstrate the formation of quasi‐static, field‐aligned potentials pointing away from Mars that accelerate electrons into the martian atmosphere while accelerating ions away, thereby enhancing ionospheric escape. Escaping ionospheric flux scales with crustal field strength, with 160 nT crustal fields yielding >2× the ion escape flux than in the case with no crustal fields. We discuss these results and conclude that magnetic cusp regions may be significant sources of ion loss at Mars.
Remote Influence of the Midlatitude South Atlantic Variability in Spring on Antarctic Summer Sea Ice
Authors: Zhang Li , Gan Bolan , Li Xichen , Wang Hong , Wang Chuan‐Yang , Cai Wenju , Wu Lixin
Published: December 2020

Relationship between Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Annular Mode and tropical climate variability has been widely studied. Focusing on the midlatitude oceanic frontal zones, this study identifies a fingerprint of South Atlantic (SA) variability in the Antarctic summer sea ice. The interaction between spring SA sea surface temperature (SST) and summer storm‐track activity modulates the hemispheric atmospheric circulation, which in turn alters Antarctic summer sea ice concentration (SIC) through thermal and wind‐driven forcing. Specifically, warm SST anomalies in the western SA frontal zone, corresponding to the strengthened SST front, cause the increased SIC in the eastern Ross Sea via anomalous cold air advection and offshore drift of sea ice. The opposite effect (i.e., warm air advection and onshore ice drift) results in the decreased SIC in the northwestern Weddell Sea. The findings also imply a potential impact of the midlatitude SA variability to the South Pole air temperature variability.
A Machine‐Learning Approach to Classify Cloud‐to‐Ground and Intracloud Lightning
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Bitzer Phillip , Rakov Vladimir , Ding Ziqin
Published: December 2020

To know if a lightning discharge reaches the ground or remains within the thundercloud is critical for lightning safety as cloud‐to‐ground lightning poses the greatest threat to life and property. The current classification methods for most lightning detection networks, which are based on the classification of electromagnetic pulses produced by lightning, still have plenty of room to improve, including some known issues to be addressed. We present a machine‐learning approach to classify lightning discharges. The classification model used in this study is based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Compared with traditional multiparameter methods, our algorithm does not require extraction of individual pulse parameters and additionally provides a probability for each prediction. Using a representative lightning pulse data collected by the Cordoba Marx Meter Array in Argentina, we found the classification accuracy of our machine‐learning algorithm to be 97%, which is higher than that for the existing lightning detection networks.
Intensified Humid Heat Events Under Global Warming
Authors: Wang Pinya , Yang Yang , Tang Jianping , Leung L. Ruby , Liao Hong
Published: December 2020

Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 multimodel simulations, this paper investigates the future changes in extreme wet‐bulb temperatures (TWs) and extreme dry‐bulb temperatures (Ts) globally under both low‐emission and high‐emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways of 4.5 [RCP4.5] and 8.5 [RCP8.5]). Under a warming climate, T and TW exhibit a higher absolute increase in their mean values over the mid–high latitudes while they show higher relative increases in their mean values and variability over tropics. Humid and dry heat events which consist of consecutive extreme TWs and Ts show higher occurrences over tropics, governed by the joint increases in mean values and variability of TW and T therein. Humid heat events show intensifications to dry heat events with higher frequency, duration, and intensity, driven by the lower variability of TW than T. In the mid–high latitudes, heat events will start earlier and last longer in warm season under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5, motivating the need for global warming mitigation.
Processes in the Current Disruption Region: From Turbulence to Dispersion Relation
Authors: Kozak L. V. , Petrenko B. A. , Lui A. T. Y. , Kronberg E. A. , Daly P. W.
Published: December 2020

Using measurements from Cluster‐II space mission, we compared the characteristics of the fluctuations of the magnetic field magnitude and the Bz component in the current disruption (CD) regions. We used fast Fourier transform, statistical, and wavelet analysis, and wave surveyor technique on the multispacecraft measurements. Among the obtained results one can note the presence of spectral breaks in both the magnetic field magnitude and the Bz component at frequencies smaller or equal to the proton gyrofrequency. The numerical values of the spectral index for the magnetic field magnitude and for the Bz component are similar, and the nature of the turbulent processes is close to that of the homogeneous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) (the spectral index varies from −2.00 to −1.31) on the large time scale and resembles Hall‐MHD (the spectral index varies from −2.33 to −2.99) on the smaller time scales. The kurtosis results are consistent with those of the spectral analysis. From wavelet technique, we detected powerful Pc4 and Pi1 pulsations, along with cascade features both for the magnetic field magnitude and for its z‐component. The dispersion ratios also indicate the presence of nonlinear energy cascade processes in CD regions. We have found that the pulsations observed for magnetic pressure are also present in thermal proton and electron pressures although their powers differ considerably. For the dynamic helium and oxygen pressures, and also for the thermal pressures of these components, only pulsations in the high‐frequency region are revealed.
Comparative Analysis of the Various Generalized Ohm's Law Terms in Magnetosheath Turbulence as Observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale
Authors: Stawarz J. E. , Matteini L. , Parashar T. N. , Franci L. , Eastwood J. P. , Gonzalez C. A. , Gingell I. L. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. E. , Ahmadi N. , Giles B. L. , Gershman D. J. , Le Contel O. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B.
Published: December 2020

Decomposing the electric field (E) into the contributions from generalized Ohm's law provides key insight into both nonlinear and dissipative dynamics across the full range of scales within a plasma. Using high‐resolution, multispacecraft measurements of three intervals in Earth's magnetosheath from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, the influence of the magnetohydrodynamic, Hall, electron pressure, and electron inertia terms from Ohm's law, as well as the impact of a finite electron mass, on the turbulent E spectrum are examined observationally for the first time. The magnetohydrodynamic, Hall, and electron pressure terms are the dominant contributions to E over the accessible length scales, which extend to scales smaller than the electron gyroradius at the greatest extent, with the Hall and electron pressure terms dominating at sub‐ion scales. The strength of the nonideal electron pressure contribution is stronger than expected from linear kinetic Alfvén waves and a partial antialignment with the Hall electric field is present, linked to the relative importance of electron diamagnetic currents in the turbulence. The relative contribution of linear and nonlinear electric fields scale with the turbulent fluctuation amplitude, with nonlinear contributions playing the dominant role in shaping E for the intervals examined in this study. Overall, the sum of the Ohm's law terms and measured E agree to within ∼20% across the observable scales. These results both confirm general expectations about the behavior of E in turbulent plasmas and highlight features that should be explored further theoretically.
Compaction Banding in High‐Porosity Carbonate Rocks: 1. Experimental Observations
Authors: Abdallah Youssouf , Sulem Jean , Bornert Michel , Ghabezloo Siavash , Stefanou Ioannis
Published: December 2020

Identifying the mechanisms that control the formation of compaction bands is of high interest in reservoir mechanics since these structures may drastically affect the performance of geosystems operations. Considering the difficulty to identify compaction bands in carbonate samples tested in the laboratory, the Digital Volume Correlation technique is applied here and proves to be a relevant method. X‐Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) images of Saint‐Maximin limestone centimetric samples are recorded before and after several triaxial loading stages and deformation maps are built. A new postprocessing method based on the analysis of the kinematics throughout the observed localization bands is proposed to identify their type. Compaction bands are identified at relatively high‐confining pressures, while shear bands are observed at lower confinements. The brittle‐ductile transitional regime reveals the formation of compactive shear bands, while a diffuse compaction is observed under hydrostatic loading. The effect of porosity heterogeneities on strain localization is explored by computing 3D porosity maps from calibrated XRCT images. Compaction bands are found to dominantly lay inside high‐porosity zones, while shear bands can cross both high‐ and low‐porosity zones. The band orientation is found to be controlled primarily by the confining pressure. Moreover, the porosity heterogeneity strongly affects the volumetric behavior inside the deformation bands, with a dilatant behavior identified in low‐porosity zones in contrast to a compactive behavior observed in high‐porosity zones. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy observations reveal that calcite grain crushing is dominant in high‐porosity zones, while intergranular cement cracking occurs in denser zones.
Formation of Tridymite and Evidence for a Hydrothermal History at Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Yen A. S. , Morris R. V. , Ming D. W. , Schwenzer S. P. , Sutter B. , Vaniman D. T. , Treiman A. H. , Gellert R. , Achilles C. N. , Berger J. A. , Blake D. F. , Boyd N. I. , Bristow T. F. , Chipera S. , Clark B. C. , Craig P. I. , Downs R. T. , Franz H. B. , Gabriel T. , McAdam A. C. , Morrison S. M. , O’Connell‐Cooper C. D. , Rampe E. B. , Schmidt M. E. , Thompson L. M. , VanBommel S. J.
Published: December 2020

In August 2015, the Curiosity Mars rover discovered tridymite, a high‐temperature silica polymorph, in Gale crater. The existing model for its occurrence suggests erosion and detrital sedimentation from silicic volcanic rocks in the crater rim or central peak. The chemistry and mineralogy of the tridymite‐bearing rocks, however, are not consistent with silicic volcanic material. Using data from Curiosity, including chemical composition from the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer, mineralogy from the CheMin instrument, and evolved gas and isotopic analyses from the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, we show that the tridymite‐bearing rocks exhibit similar chemical patterns with silica‐rich alteration halos which crosscut the stratigraphy. We infer that the tridymite formed in‐place through hydrothermal processes and show additional chemical and mineralogical results from Gale crater consistent with hydrothermal activity occurring after sediment deposition and lithification.
Coral Record of Younger Dryas Chronozone Warmth on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Brenner Logan D. , Linsley Braddock K. , Webster Jody M. , Potts Donald , Felis Thomas , Gagan Michael K. , Inoue Mayuri , McGregor Helen , Suzuki Atsushi , Tudhope Alexander , Esat Tezer , Thomas Alex , Thompson William , Fallon Stewart , Humblet Marc , Tiwari Manish , Yokoyama Yusuke
Published: December 2020

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an internationally recognized and widely studied ecosystem, yet little is known about its sea surface temperature (SST) evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~20 kyr BP). Here, we present the first paleo‐application of Isopora coral‐derived SST calibrations to a suite of 25 previously published fossil Isopora from the central GBR spanning ~25–11 kyr BP. The resultant multicoral Sr/Ca‐ and δ18O‐derived SST anomaly (SSTA) histories are placed within the context of published relative sea level, reef sequence, and coralgal reef assemblage evolution. Our new calculations indicate SSTs were cooler on average by ~5–5.5°C at Noggin Pass (~17°S) and ~7–8°C at Hydrographer's Passage (~20°S) (Sr/Ca‐derived) during the LGM, in line with previous estimates (Felis et al.,  2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5102). We focus on contextualizing the Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC, ~12.9–11.7 kyr BP), whose Southern Hemisphere expression, in particular in Australia, is elusive and poorly constrained. Our record does not indicate cooling during the YDC with near‐modern temperatures reached during this interval on the GBR, supporting an asymmetric hemispheric presentation of this climate event. Building on a previous study (Felis et al., 2014, https://doi.org10.1038/ncomms5102), these fossil Isopora SSTA data from the GBR provide new insights into the deglacial reef response, with near‐modern warming during the YDC, since the LGM.
Irrigation Water Demand Sensitivity to Climate Variability Across the Contiguous United States
Authors: Nie Wanshu , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Rodell Matthew , Kumar Sujay V. , Arsenault Kristi R. , Badr Hamada S.
Published: December 2020

Climate variability is an important driver of irrigation water use in many regions. Efforts to anticipate climate change impacts on future water availability can benefit from understanding how irrigation water demand has responded to these drivers to date. Here we apply satellite‐derived data, meteorological reanalysis, an advanced land surface model, and available state‐level reports to quantify irrigation demand sensitivities to temperature and precipitation across the Contiguous United States, for the period of 2002–2017. As expected, strong negative correlations are found between precipitation and irrigation withdrawals, both simulated and reported. Temperature sensitivities, however, vary by region and season, as do the interactive effects of temperature and precipitation on irrigation. Climate‐induced irrigation variability is largest in transitional climate zones. These transitional zones are generally separate from the regions where rates of irrigation withdrawals are greatest, such that climate‐induced variability in irrigation demand represents a water resource consideration that is distinct from chronic overpumping.
Stress-related memories disrupt sociability and associated patterning of hippocampal activity: a role of hilar oxytocin receptor-positive interneurons
Authors: Meyer Mariah A. A. , Anstötz Max , Ren Lynn Y. , Fiske Michael P. , Guedea Anita L. , Grayson Viktoriya S. , Schroth Samantha L. , Cicvaric Ana , Nishimori Katsuhiko , Maccaferri Gianmaria , Radulovic Jelena
Published: December 2020

In susceptible individuals, memories of stressful experiences can give rise to debilitating socio-affective symptoms. This occurs even when the ability to retrieve such memories is limited, as seen in patients suffering from traumatic amnesia. We therefore hypothesized that the encoding, rather than retrieval, mechanisms of stress-related memories underlie their impact on social and emotional behavior. To test this hypothesis, we used combinations of stress-enhanced and state-dependent fear conditioning, which engage different encoding mechanisms for the formation of stress-related memories. We found that the encoding of stress-enhanced state-dependent memories robustly and sex specifically impairs sociability in male mice and disrupts the asymmetry of dentate gyrus (DG)/CA3 activity accompanying social interactions. These deficits were restored by chemogenetic inactivation of oxytocin receptor-positive interneurons localized in the hilus (Oxtr-HI), and by inactivation of dorsohippocampal efferents to the caudal lateral septum. Together, our data suggest that disrupted patterning of dorsohippocampal DG/CA3 activity underlies stress-induced sociability deficits, and that Oxtr-HI can be a cellular target for improving these deficits.
TAF1A and ZBTB41 serve as novel key genes in cervical cancer identified by integrated approaches
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Liao Jingnan , Wang Jinjin , Qi Mingming , Wang Kangkai , Wu Wei
Published: December 2020

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Numerous studies have found that the development of CC was associated with multiple genes. However, the mechanisms on gene level are enigmatic, hindering the understanding of its functional roles. This study sought to identify prognostic biomarkers of CC, and explore their biological functions. Here we conducted an integrated analysis to screen potential vital genes. Candidate genes were further tested by experiments in clinical specimens and cancer cell line. Then, molecular modeling was used to predict the three-dimensional structure of candidate genes’ proteins, and the interaction pattern was analyzed by docking simulation technique. Among the potential genes identified, we found that TAF1A and ZBTB41 were highly correlated. Furthermore, there was a definite interaction between the proteins of TAF1A and ZBTB41, which was affected by the activity of the p53 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings identified TAF1A and ZBTB41 could serve as biomarkers of CC. We confirmed their biological function and deciphered their interaction for the first time, which may be helpful for developing further researches.
RNA-binding protein SORBS2 suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasis by enhancing MTUS1 mRNA stability
Authors: Lv Qi , Dong Fan , Zhou Yong , Cai Zhiping , Wang Gangmin
Published: December 2020

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) predominantly contribute to abnormal posttranscriptional gene modulation and disease progression in cancer. Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing 2 (SORBS2), an RBP, has been reported to be a potent tumor suppressor in several cancer types. Through integrative analysis of clinical specimens, we disclosed that the expression level of SORBS2 was saliently decreased in metastatic tissues and positively correlated with overall survival. We observed that overexpression of SORBS2 brought about decreased metastatic capacity in ccRCC cell lines. Transcriptome-wide analysis revealed that SORBS2 notably increased microtubule-associated tumor-suppressor 1 gene (MTUS1) expression. In-depth mechanistic exploring discovered that the Cys2-His2 zinc finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain of SORBS2 directly bound to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of MTUS1 mRNA, which increased MTUS1 mRNA stability. In addition, we identified that MTUS1 regulated microtubule dynamics via promoting KIF2CS192phosphorylation by Aurora B. Together, our research identified SORBS2 as a suppressor of ccRCC metastasis by enhancing MTUS1 mRNA stability, providing a novel understanding of RBPs during ccRCC progression.
FZD5 contributes to TNBC proliferation, DNA damage repair and stemness
Authors: Sun Yu , Wang Zhuo , Na Lei , Dong Dan , Wang Wei , Zhao Chenghai
Published: December 2020

Chemotherapy currently remains the standard treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, TNBC frequently develop chemoresistance, which is responsible for cancer recurrence and distal metastasis. Both DNA damage repair and stemness are related to chemoresistance. FZD5, a member in Frizzled family, was identified to be preferentially expressed in TNBC, and associated with unfavorable prognosis. Loss and gain of function studies revealed that FZD5 contributed to TNBC cell G1/S transition, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, survival, and stemness. Mechanistically, transcription factor FOXM1, which promoted BRCA1 and BIRC5 transcription, acted as a downstream effecter of FZD5 signaling. FOXM1 overexpression in FZD5-deficient/low TNBC cells induced FZD5-associated phenotype. Finally, Wnt7B, a specific ligand for FZD5, was shown to be involved in cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, and stemness. Taken together, FZD5 is a novel target for the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance and prevent recurrence in TNBC.
Transparent ferroelectric glass–ceramics for wastewater treatment by piezocatalysis
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Sharma Moolchand , Vaish Rahul
Published: December 2020

In piezocatalysis the polarization field found in piezoelectric materials enables and enhances catalytic redox reactions. Here, we explore piezocatalytic dye degradation through transparent glass–ceramics containing piezoelectric crystals. 30SiO2–35Li2O–35Nb2O5 (in mol%) glass–ceramics containing varying amounts of LiNbO3 crystallites were fabricated by melt-quenching, followed by heat-treatment at a crystallization temperature of 650 °C for 2, 3 and 6 hours. During piezocatalysis, the 2 hour heat-treated sample showed up to 90% degradation of methylene blue dye within 150 min of ultrasonication, with no significant change in performance after three piezocatalysis cycles. This sample showed promising activity for degrading cationic and neutral dyes, and is optically transparent. This work demonstrates that transparent ferroelectric glass–ceramics are promising for water-cleaning applications by piezocatalysis.
Label-free analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Authors: Fornasaro Stefano , Berton Federico , Stacchi Claudio , Farina Federica , Esposito Alessandro , Sergo Valter , Di Lenarda Roberto , Bonifacio Alois
Published: December 2020

Surface enhanced Raman scattering can offer rapid and label-free detailed molecular fingerprints of gingival crevicular fluid, reflecting the physiological and pathological states of a single dental element.
Analysis of proteins and chiral drugs based on vancomycin covalent capillary electrophoretic coating
Authors: Xing Jie , Wang Fang , Cong Hailin , Wang Song , Shen Youqing , Yu Bing
Published: December 2020

Vancomycin is an amphoteric glycopeptide molecule, and its group diversity and chiral active sites provide a potential basis for its application in chromatographic analysis.
C-Terminal lactamization of peptides
Authors: Fischer Niklas H. , Nielsen Daniel S. , Palmer Daniel , Meldal Morten , Diness Frederik
Published: December 2020

New solid-phase based methods have allowed efficient synthesis of natural products and novel peptide hormone derivatives with a C-terminal lactam.
Synthesis of TEMPO radical decorated hollow porous aromatic frameworks for selective oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Shen Yan-Ming , Xue Yun , Yan Mi , Mao Hui-Ling , Cheng Hu , Chen Zhuo , Sui Zhi-Wei , Zhu Shao-Bin , Yu Xiu-Jun , Zhuang Jin-Liang
Published: December 2020

A bottom-up approach was developed to prepare TEMPO radical decorated hollow aromatic frameworks (HPAF-TEMPO), which enable the aerobic oxidation of a broad range of alcohols with high efficiency and excellent selectivity.
Effect of mono- and divalent extra-framework cations on the structure and accessibility of porosity in chabazite zeolites
Authors: Doan Huan V. , Leung Ka Ming , Ting Valeska P. , Sartbaeva Asel
Published: December 2020

The differences in valence and size between extra-framework cations exert a significant effect on the nitrogen sorption ability in the synthesised chabazite zeolites (K-CHA, Cs-CHA, Ca-CHA, Ba-CHA, Sr-CHA and Zn-CHA).
Towards peptide-based tunable multistate memristive materials
Authors: Cardona-Serra Salvador , Rosaleny Lorena E. , Giménez-Santamarina Silvia , Martínez-Gil Luis , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Development of new memristive hardware is a technological requirement towards widespread neuromorphic computing. Biomolecules can help.
Magnetic anisotropy in YbIII complex candidates for molecular qubits: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Amoza Martín , Gómez-Coca Silvia , Ruiz Eliseo
Published: December 2020

The magnetic properties of mononuclear YbIII complexes have been explored by using multiconfigurational CASPT2/RASSI calculations.
The role of platinum on the NOx storage and desorption behavior of ceria: an online FT-IR study combined with in situ Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy
Authors: Filtschew Anastasia , Beato Pablo , Rasmussen Søren B. , Hess Christian
Published: December 2020

Elucidating the role of platinum on NOx storage/desorption behavior of ceria by online gas-phase analysis combined with in situ spectroscopy.
Electron-deficient boron-based catalysts for C–H bond functionalisation
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Lou Shao-Jie , Hou Zhaomin
Published: December 2020

This review article provides a comprehensive overview to recognise the current status of electron-deficient boron-based catalysis in C–H functionalisations.
Organic photoredox catalyzed C–H silylation of quinoxalinones or electron-deficient heteroarenes under ambient air conditions
Authors: Dai Changhui , Zhan Yanling , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: December 2020

Direct C–H silylation of quinoxalinones was achieved by the combination of organic photoredox catalysis and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) under ambient air conditions.
Unravelling the reactivity of metastable molybdenum carbide nanoclusters in the C–H bond activation of methane, ethane and ethylene
Authors: Balyan Sonit , Saini Shikha , Khan Tuhin S. , Pant K. K. , Gupta Puneet , Bhattacharya Saswata , Haider M. Ali
Published: December 2020

C–H bond activation steps in non-oxidative methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) play a key role in the functionalization of reactant and adsorbed species to form aromatics.
Controllable synthesis and formation mechanism study of homoleptic alkynyl-protected Au nanoclusters: recent advances, grand challenges, and great opportunities
Authors: Ma Xiaoshuang , Tang Yun , Ma Guanyu , Qin Lubing , Tang Zhenghua
Published: December 2020

This review summarizes the recent advances and perspectives in the controllable synthesis and formation mechanism study of all-alkynyl-protected Au nanoclusters.
The controlled synthesis of V-doped MoS2-NixSyhollow nanospheres and their electrocatalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Wensi , Zhao Huimin , Du Yunmei , Yang Yu , Li Shaoxiang , Liu Yanru , Wang Lei
Published: December 2020

V-doped MoS2-NixSy/NF hollow nanospheres by anin situone-pot method showed excellent HER performance in 1 M KOH solution.
Improved robust H∞ exponential mean square stabilization for uncertain Markov jump delay systems based on memory‐state feedback control
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhuang Guangming , Xia Jianwei , Zhang Huasheng , Sun Wei
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the problem of robust exponential mean square stabilisation for uncertain Markov jump systems with time‐varying and mode‐dependent delays based on memory‐state feedback control. Attention is focused on the design of memory‐state feedback controller for uncertain Markov jump systems with time‐varying and mode‐dependent delays such that the closed‐loop uncertain Markov jump systems satisfies robust exponential mean square stability. The improved conditions for the solvability of the memory‐state feedback control problem are obtained via designing mode‐dependent and delay‐dependent L‐K functional. The desired memory‐state feedback controller is given by using linear matrix inequalities. Two simulation examples including a numerical example and a practical example of the industrial non‐isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the delayed feedback control technique that this paper proposes.