bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drilling CFRP Thermosets Using Mounted Points
Authors: Biermann Dirk , Feldhoff M.
Published: September 2011

Highly abrasive nature of carbon fibres and material-related problems like fibre or fibre bundle pullouts, matrix micro cracks and especially delamination of single or multiple laminate layers can be regarded as major problems when machining CFRP. This paper presents an approach using mounted points for drilling of fibre reinforced thermosets. The axial and thermal loads were recorded and quality criterions like the surface roughness, diameter deviation and the delamination at the tool exit side were quantified. Furthermore, an approach to improve the grinding process is presented. Results indicate that using mounted points are suitable for drilling operations in case of thermoset laminates.
Drilling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V Stacks
Authors: Tashiro Tetsuya , Fujiwara Junsuke , Inada Keiko
Published: September 2011

Drilling experiments of CFRP/Ti6Al4V laminated stack board were carried out use of a TiAlN-coated cemented carbide drill and a TiAlCr/TiSi-coated cemented carbide drill. In the experimental conditions described herein, tool life is longer for lowered feed speed, and a TiAlCr/TiSi-coated cemented carbide drill has longer life than the other. Additionally, the cooling performance between dry process and water-mist-cooling were compared. Regarding water-mist-cooling, although the thrust is smaller, chips are much harder. They also adhere to the drill margin and impart damage to the CFRP wall of the hole. For a number of holes less than 50, water-mist-cooling reduces tool abrasion. However, the abrasion increases suddenly for hole numbers greater than 50. Accordingly, for the number of holes drilled well over 50, tool life is longer in dry processing than in water-mist-cooling.
The Influence of SiC Particles on Tool Wear in Machining of Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Powder Extrusion
Authors: Yousefi R. , Kouchakzadeh M.A. , Rahiminasab J. , Kadivar M.A.
Published: September 2011

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have received considerable attention due to their excellent engineering properties. However, poor machinability has been the main deterrent to their substitution for metal parts. The hardness and abrasive nature of reinforcement phase causes rapid tool wear during machining which results in high machining costs. In this study, the effect of SiC particles (5, 15 & 20 percent) on tool wear in turning process is experimentally investigated. Continuous dry turning of Al/SiC particulate metal matrix composite produced by powder metallurgy and utilizing titanium carbide inserts has been achieved as the test method. The influence of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on tool wear and cutting forces were investigated during the experiments. The results show that tool wear increases with increasing cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The cutting speed and depth of cut are more dominant factors compared to feed rate on the tool wear. In addition, it is concluded that the flank wear increases with the increase of SiC percentage in the MMC.
The Cutting Performance of Ultra-Smooth Composite Diamond Coated WC-Co Inserts in Dry Turning Al/SiC-MMC
Authors: Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong
Published: September 2011

In present study, a novel deposition method combining conventional hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method and surface polishing is adopted to deposit the micro/nano-crystalline multilayered ultra-smooth diamond (USCD) film on the cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) cutting inserts. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image shows that the deposited USCD film exhibits an ultra-smooth surface, whose surface roughness (Ra) is measured as ~95.7 nm using surface profilometer. The characterization of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) further confirms that the grain size of USCD film is down to the nanometer scale. Furthermore, dry turning tests using Al/SiC-MMC as workpiece are conducted to examine the cutting performance of as-fabricated USCD coated inserts, comparing with uncoated WC-Co inserts, MCD and DLC coated inserts. The results show that the USCD coated insert exhibits much longer lifetime than other inserts, whose effective cutting length is as long as 190 m, nearly two times more than that of DLC and MCD coated inserts, and 5 times more than that of uncoated WC-Co inserts. The excellent wear resistance and ultra-smooth surface of USCD films is supposed to play determinate role on elongating the lifetime of WC-Co cutting insert.
Lubricant Applying Effect Mechanism in Inconel 718 Cutting - Effects of Cutting Speed and Depth of Cut -
Authors: Kaneeda Toshiaki , Ishioka K. , Anthony L. , Goto Y.
Published: September 2011

Applying materials on the precut surface of ductile metal cuttings can greatly improve their machinability, due to the reduction in friction between the lamella of the chip. We refer to this effect as the lubricant applying effect. This paper investigates the influences of the lubricant applying effect on the cutting of the super alloy Inconel 718. The experimental results demonstrate that the lubricant applying effect plays an important role in Inconel 718 cutting as well as ductile metal cutting.
Single Grain Scratch Tests to Determine Elastic and Plastic Material Behavior in Grinding
Authors: Aurich Jan C. , Steffes M.
Published: September 2011

This paper presents an overview of kinematic simulations in grinding. Up to now the simulations are carried out under the assumption of an ideal cutting process. Therefore, the simulation results are not exactly identical to the experimental results. For this reason, the simulation needs to be enhanced with the plastic material flow during cutting. To explain this behavior, single grain scratch experiments were conducted to detect the different sources of influence on the plastic deformation and on the pile-up. First, in the experiments the grain shapes as well as the cutting speeds were varied. To take the effect of different grain shapes into account, three different grains were used. The effect of the cutting speed was investigated at cutting speeds ranging from 60 to 120 m/s. The results were evaluated with a confocal microscope. To quantify the results of the efficiency of the cutting process, the relative chip volume parameter was used.
Verification of Polishing Phenomena of Nickel Cylinder Using Photocatalyst and Luminous Dye Excited by Ultraviolet Ray -Study of Ultraviolet-Ray Aided Machining-
Authors: Tanaka Takeshi
Published: September 2011

The main purposes of this study were to lessen the deformities in the machined surface, to make the crystal grains on the machined surface appear, and to apply this machining at the micrometer level instead of at the nanometer level. The present study targets the development of a polishing technique that uses a photocatalyst and a luminous dye (Cathilon Brilliant Flavine; hereafter referred to as cathilon) excited by an ultraviolet ray. Nickel (hereafter referred to as Ni) was polished chemically and mechanically at the sub-micrometer level under an ultraviolet-ray irradiation. Measurements clarified that TiO2 of 0.1 μm grain size mechanically polished the Ni, and cathilon chemically polished Ni. A flat surface was attained on the Ni by chemical and mechanical polishing using both the TiO2 and cathilon, when they were irradiated by an ultraviolet ray. Further measurements indicated that the corrosion of Ni surface became large under an ultraviolet-ray excitation. The eroded trace was large when cathilon is rich. Though much TiO2 tends to roughen Ni surface, the flat surface was obtained in the case of much TiO2 and much cathilon due to both equivalent influences.
Advanced Diamond Charging Process Using Vibrating Charging Ring in Fixed Abrasive Lapping
Authors: Tanaka Hideaki , Horita H. , Yoshikawa Takehisa , Iwatsuka K. , Maeda Yukio
Published: September 2011

In the lapping of magnetic heads and other electronic components composed of multiple materials, differences in the processing characteristics of the composite materials produce residual steps on the surface at composite interfaces. Residual step heights have been reduced to as small as a few nanometers. We investigated using fine abrasives in fixed abrasive lapping to further reduce the residual step height. This requires highly secure, high-density embedding of abrasives on the lapping plate. To this end, we evaluated the surface morphology of the lapping plate after diamond abrasive charging and investigated the embedding mechanism of diamond abrasive charging. The results obtained will assist in determining the direction of future research and development. A prototype charging ring that uses a vibrating system was developed to increase the density of abrasives embedded on the lapping plate. This diamond charging using a vibrating system was able to increase the embedded abrasive density and improve the flatness of the charging plate.
Finishing of Metal Parts in Magnetic Field Based on Abrasion
Authors: Kodácsy János
Published: September 2011

Denomination Magnetism Aided Machining (MAM) comprises a number of relatively new industrial machining processes (mainly finishing and surface improving) developed presently, too. MAM is effective – among others – for polishing, deburring and burnishing ofmetal parts. The magnetic force makes these processes simpler and more productive. Machining force is generated by an adjustable electromagnetic field between two magnetic poles within the working area ensuring the necessary pressure and speed difference between the tools (abrasive grains, pellets or rollers) and the workpieces. The authors give a brief outline of these modern processes. The paper summarizes the results of the experimental research carried out by the authors mainly in the field of Magnetic Abrasive Polishing (MAP) and Magnetic Abrasive Barrel Deburring (MABD).
Characterization of Silicon Carbide Grit for Fickerts Used in Porcelain Tile Honing and Polishing Process
Authors: Chiamulera Catia , Evangelista Leandro Lima , Fernandes Fernanda Gonçalves , Weingaertner Walter Lindolfo , Schroeter Rolf Bertrand , Fredel Márcio Celso , Alarcon Orestes Estevam
Published: September 2011

This paper presents results of morphological and dimensional characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) abrasives used in production of fickerts for the rotary plane honing and polishing process of porcelain tiles. For morphological characterization scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical reflection microscopy images were analyzed by software to determine the circularity factor of the particles. In order to analyze the particle size dispersion sieving and laser diffraction were used. Five samples within the same batch of abrasives and with different sizes were characterized. The results show a uniform dispersion with a small variation of the particles size. Regarding the form of particles, the angularity increases in the samples with smaller size. The employed procedure for the analysis of circularity factor is a method frequently used to characterize SiC particles.
Ultra-Precision Cutting of Roll Die with Micro Lens Arrays for Plastic Film
Authors: Yoshikawa Takehisa , Kyoi Masayuki , Onozuka Hideaki , Tanaka Hideaki , Maeda Yukio , Taya Masato
Published: September 2011

Patterning vast numbers of micro lenses on a surface increases technical importance to improve characteristics of optical parts such as liquid crystal displays. A cutting method using a diamond tool is examined to make a molding die by which array patterns of many micro lenses are molded. Realizing the cutting procedure, the developed machining system employs a cutting unit actuated by PZT and a synchronous control system of the cutting unit with a NC controller. The present paper investigates machining of micro lenses on the order of 2 kHz, using a piezo-actuated micro cutting unit. Experiments using this unit revealed that it is possible to machine a large number of micro lenses on a molding roll die for plastic film with high precision.
Nano-Grooving on Copper by Nano-Milling and Nano-Cutting
Authors: Cui D.D. , Mylvaganam Kausala , Zhang Liang Chi
Published: September 2011

This paper uses the molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the quality of nano-scale grooving on mono-crystalline copper by high-speed nano-milling and nano-cutting. The results reveal that nano-milling produces a high-quality nano-groove with smooth surfaces in comparison with a nano-cutting. It is also interesting to note that the machined workpiece subsurface can be free from dislocations.
Fabrication and Characterization of High Quality Micro Diamonds by Hot Filament CVD
Authors: Zhang T. , Sun Fang Hong , Shen Bin , Zhang Z.M.
Published: September 2011

The high quality micro diamonds with the euhedral diamond faces are fabricated by hot filament chemical vapor deposition technique (HFCVD). The high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) single crystal diamonds in size of 1 μm are used as seeds. In order to disperse the diamond seeds uniformly on a silicon wafer, the photoresist solution with diamond seeds are performed on the silicon wafer by a spin coater machine. The high substrate temperature and low acetone concentration are employed for decreasing the nucleation rate and accelerating the growth rate. The morphology and quality of the micro diamonds are observed and analyzed by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. After 4 hours of the deposition, the surface imperfections of the diamond seeds have disappeared completely, and the euhedral diamond faces with (111) and (100) begin to emerge. Subsequently, 8 hours of deposition leads to a final average size of approximately 4 μm. The micro diamonds have very high quality, and the surfaces appear flat and smooth in this stage. The results indicate that it is an effective way to eliminate the defects of the HPHT micro diamonds and develop high quality diamonds with well-defined morphology by HFCVD technique.
Nano-Topography Distribution on Non-Axisymmetric Aspherical Ground Surface
Authors: Yoshihara Nobuhito , Fujimura Shin , Nishikawa Naohiro , Mizuno Masahiro , Iyama Toshirou
Published: September 2011

Both form accuracy and smooth surface is required in precision grinding. And the form accuracy and surface roughness are improved year by year. However, the more the surface roughness becomes smoother, the more the grinding marks become remarkable. The grinding mark deteriorates the accuracy of optical parts. It is found that the vibration of grinding wheel is transcribed to the ground surface and forms the waviness named nano-topography. And the nano-topography causes grinding marks. In this study, relationship between the nano-topography on non-axisymmetric aspherical ground surface and grinding condition is analyzed theoretically to control the distribution of nano-topography. As a result, simulation method of nano-topography distribution is developed.
Spectroscopic Measurements of Silicon Wafer Thickness for Backgrinding Process
Authors: Onuki Teppei , Takagi Naoto , Shimizu Jun , Ojima Hirotaka , Zhou Li Bo
Published: September 2011

The optical microgauge system by means of near-infrared spectroscopic measurements was proposed as the thickness monitoring tool in the silicon wafer thinning process. The Fabry-Pelot interferometry and Beer’s law were employed as the principles of the system for extracting the wafer thickness from optical spectroscopic system prototyped in this study. The specifications of the system such as the thickness range and resolution were examined on the prototyped system. The filed test verified the developed system available of monitoring Si wafer as thin as 5 mm.
Investigation of the Effect of Addition of Zirconia and Talc on Sintering Behavior and Mechanical Properties of B4C
Authors: Tajdari M. , Baharvandi H.R. , Nezamabadi Ali Reza
Published: September 2011

In this paper the effect of addition of zirconia and talc as sintering aid has been investigated on mechanical properties and sintering behavior of boron carbide. Different amounts of these materials mainly 0-30 wt% were added to the starting powder and sintered at two different temperatures, 2050°C and 2150°C. Examination of the samples revealed that the both materials improve sintering behavior and mechanical properties of boron carbide. However, talc which is more abundant compare to zirconia could be a proper substituent for zirconia in this system.
Effect of Heating and Subsequent Re-Shot Peening on Surface Characteristics of Shot-Peened Carbon Steel
Authors: Harada Yasunori
Published: September 2011

The shot peening process is one of the surface treatments. In this process the peening effects are characterized by the fact that the surface layer undergoes large plastic deformation due to the collision of shots. The effects are greatly influenced by the processing history or the thermal history of material. Little is known about the relation between hardness of the shot peened surface and the processing history of materials. In the present study, the effect of heating and subsequent re-shot peening on the surface characteristics of the shot-peened carbon steel was investigated. Shot peening was performed with an air-type machine using cast steel balls. Hardness and compressive residual stress in the re-shot peened workpieces were measured. When the heat treated workpiece was re-processed by shot peening, surface hardness and fatigue life of carbon steel were improved. It was found that the surface characteristics of the peened carbon steel were improved by heating and subsequent re-shot peening.
Solgel Self-Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.8Fe0.2O3
Authors: Siddiqui Jawad Javaid , Qiu Jin Hao , Zhu Kong Jun , Ji Hong Li
Published: September 2011

La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.8Fe0.2O3 has been synthesized by solgel synthesis employing the EDTA complexing method and solgel self combustion using PVA as fuel and nitrates as oxidizing agent. The effect of these techniques on the phase purity, crystallinity and particle size has been studied. Different techniques including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermo gravimetric/Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP-ES) have been utilized for the characterization of the synthesized materials.
A Device to Measure the Shrinkage and Heat Transfers during the Curing Cycle of Thermoset Composites
Authors: Nawab Yasir , Boyard Nicolas , Sobotka Vincent , Casari Pascal , Jacquemin Frédéric
Published: September 2011

Residual stresses development during manufacturing of composites depends mostly on the shrinkage behaviour of the polymer matrix from the point where stresses cannot be relaxed anymore. The matrix shrinkage may have a thermal and/or chemical origin and can leads to dimensional instability, ply cracking, delamination and fibre buckling. The approaches for measuring cure shrinkage can be classified as volume and non-volume dilatometry. Each technique has corresponding advantages and drawbacks but volume dilatometry is the one that is mostly used. In the present article, we report a home-built apparatus, named PVT-a mould, on which temperature, volume change and reaction conversion degree are measured simultaneously for an applied pressure. It can also be used to study the composite during curing and for the bulk samples having several millimetre thicknesses. The instrument is preferred over other techniques as it works in conditions close to the industrial ones. This device was used to measure cure shrinkage of resin and thermoset composite material with different fibre fractions as a function of temperature and reaction conversion degree. The heat of cure of the resin measured by PVT-a mould was compared to the results obtained by DSC.
Effects of the Conditions on the Temperature Changes inside the Wood during Microwave Heating
Authors: Yu Jian Fang , Li Hai Dong , Sun Bing Hu , Duo Hua Qiong
Published: September 2011

In this study, the effects of microwave radiation intensity, initial moisture content and thickness on the properties of temperature development in Siberian Elm wood samples during the microwave drying have been investigated using a tailor made microwave drying equipment. The results show that with the increase of microwave radiation intensity and a decrease in initial moisture content and thickness, both the temperature and its rate of increase in wood rise rapidly. In the microwave drying, the temperature development curve presented three stages of variation: a sharp increase in temperature − a constant temperature − a slow warm-up.
The Paleotopography Reconstruction of late Cretaceous Dabie Orogen by Low-Temperature Thermochronological Age-Elevation Relationships
Authors: Ding Ru Xin , Wang Zheng Hai , Zhou Zu Yi , Xu Chang Hai
Published: September 2011

The paleotopography reconstruction of orogen has an important research value on the study of mountain building and the study of orogen’s regional control over the paleoclimate change. Considering the Dabie orogen’s regional difference in exhumation, this article models the post-orogenic exhumation rates and the relief evolution rates by low-temperature thermochronology and age-elevation relationships. The result shows that the mean exhumation rates（0.07～0.08km/Ma）of the middle block, the southwest block, and the southeast block are higher than the rate（0.06 km/Ma）of the northwest block and the northeast block. The relief evolution rate of the northeast block (3.5) is the highest, the middle block (3.0) follows, the southeast block (2.5) goes after, and those of the north-west block and south-west block（2.0,1.5）are the lowest. This is might be related to the thermal doming extensional structure of Dabie orogen in Cretaceous.
Research of Soccer Robot Control System with Analysis of Scientific Materials
Authors: Zhao Sheng Jie
Published: September 2011

Aiming at the problem that the intelligence is not high and the limit of the expandability of the soccer robot control system, this article has described the soccer robot control system which have been designed based on ARM9 and Motion-controller LM629 and Power Amplifier L298. And this system will simplify the design of the hardware and software of the robot system and the system is of high performance, high accuracy. The physical experiments in the lab environment and results in actual competitions prove that the robot control system has a high accuracy, stability and high real-time performance.
Information Integrated Management of Large-Scale Chemical Engineering Projects Based on Owner
Authors: Jin Xia Jie , Lin Cai Xing
Published: September 2011

As an important content of engineering project management, information integrated management system is a public service platform of the whole system integrate management. In some way, the engineering project management is equal to project information management. Under the theory of information integration, this paper analysis the important role of the owner in the information integrated management, and puts forward the large-scale chemical engineering project information integrated management should take the owner as main integrator and controller. Then, This paper research on the basic conditions for chemical engineering project information integration, Based on this, it build up three layers information integrated management system of large-scale chemical engineering projects based on owner; and analysis and researched the construction and implemented methods of data storage layer 、data managed and shared layer、application layer. Providing a mind of constructive about information integrate management of chemical engineering projects.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Switching of a Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing Chlorine Atoms
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Gang , Fan Cong Bin , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: September 2011

A new photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-[2-methyl-5-(3-chlorophenyl) -3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-5-(2-pyridine)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene(1a) was synthesized. its photochromism was investigated. It exhibited good photochromism and functioned as an effective fluorescent photoswitch both in solution and in PMMA films.
Application of Skin Detection Based on Irregular Polygon Area Boundary Constraint on YCbCr and Reverse Gamma Correction
Authors: Wang Bao Song , Lv Xue Qiang , Ma Xin Long , Wang Hong Wei
Published: September 2011

YCbCr color space is widely used in skin detection. An improved method is brought up in this paper: a method based on irregular polygon area boundary constraint on YCbCr color space. Experiments shows that this method get more accurate distribution of skin color in YCbCr color space and lower the false detection rate while keeps the precision rate. In consideration of that the value of pix on image is not the real pix in real life, an improved reverse Gamma correction is brought up for solve a problem in reverse Gamma correction. Experiment result shows that improved reverse Gamma correction is better than none improved reverse Gamma correction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photochromic 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-methylphenyl)-3-thienyl]perﬂuorocyclopentene
Authors: Li Hui , Pu Shou Zhi , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: September 2011

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2- [2-methyl-5-(3-methylphenyl)-3-thienyl]perﬂuorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized. Its properties, including photochromic reactivity both in solution and in PMMA film, photoconversion ratio at photostationary state, fluorescence and optical recording property were investigated. The diarylethene underwent reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to purple after irradiation with UV light or visible light both in hexane and PMMA film. In hexane, the diarylethene exhibited relatively strong fluorescence switching. Using the diarylethene 1c as optical storage was performed successfully.
Efficient, Synthesis, Properties of a Novel Unsymmetrical Photochromic Diarylethene Having Phenyl and Thienyl Group
Authors: Jiang Duo Hua , Liu Gang , Liu Wei Jun
Published: September 2011

An unsymmetrical diarylethene derivative was synthesized and its photochromic properties and fluorescence switch were investigated in detail. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, undergoing reversible cyclization and cycloreversion reactions upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light both in solution and in PMMA film, and its absorption maxima were observed at 524 nm in hexane and at 532 nm in PMMA amorphous film, respectively, upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light. The PMMA film of the diarylethene 1a exhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 415 nm when excited at 318 nm. The fluorscence intensity is highest at the concentration of 1.0×10-4 mol/L when excited at 300 nm.
A Novel Photochromic Diarylethene Based on Pyrazole and Benzothiophene Moieties for Optical Recording
Authors: Liu Hong Liang , Pu Shou Zhi , Cui Shi Qiang , Liu Wei Jun
Published: September 2011

A novel photochromic diarylethene based on pyrazole moiety was synthesized and its photochromic and fluorescent properties were also investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to purple after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA film. In hexane solution and in PMMA film, the open-ring isomer of the diarylethene 1 exhibited relatively remarkable fluorescence. The results indicated that the pyrazole moiety played a very important role during the process of photochromic reaction for the diarylethene derivative. Using this dithienylethene 1c as optical storage was performed successfully.
Spacecraft Attitude and Orbit Coupled Nonlinear Adaptive Synchronization Control
Authors: Tie Yu Jia , Yang Wei , Tan Hao Yu
Published: September 2011

Precise dynamic model of spacecraft is essential for the space missions, to be completed successfully. Nevertheless, the independent orbit or attitude dynamic models can not meet high precision tasks. This paper developed a 6-DOF relative coupling dynamic model based upon the nonlinear relative motion dynamics equations and attitude kinematics equations described by MRP. Nonlinear synchronization control law was designed for the coupled nonlinear dynamic model, whose close-loop system was proved to be global asymptotic stable by Lyapunov direct method. Finallly, the simulation results illustrate that the nonlinear adaptive synchronization control algorithm can robustly drive the orbit and attitude errors to converge to zero.
The Viscosity Experiment Mensuration and Model Simulation of the CO2-Oil System
Authors: Hao Yong Mao
Published: September 2011

Through experiments and model simulation, this paper had a comprehensive study on the viscosity reduction of oil by CO2. The result indicates that the reduction of viscosity by CO2 is an important factor on improving the oil recovery. For different oil samples of a certain reservoir, the curves of the relative viscosity with CO2 concentration can be regressed to get a single curve, which can be used to estimate the viscosity of any unknown oil-CO2 mixture in the reservoir. Relatived to the existing models of viscosity, the advanced LBC2 model has better precision, especially for high temperature condition.
First-Principles Calculation for Improving Room Temperature Ductility of B2-NiAl by Fe
Authors: Lu Yu Xiang , Qi Guo Liang , Cheng Liang
Published: September 2011

Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of the density function theory (DFT) was applied to calculate many properties including density of states, population analysis and electron density in NiAl and NiAl(Fe) to investigate the mechanism of improving room temperature ductility of B2-NiAl by Fe. It was shown that the strong bond to Al p and Ni d hybridization, which leads to the embrittlement of B2-NiAl at room temperature. Addition of Fe, which is beneficial to improve ambient ductility of B2-NiAl, weakens the impact of the bond to Al p and Ni d hybridization and enhances the interaction among next-nearest-neighbor Ni atoms to make the charge distribution uniform along <100>.
Analysis of the Energy Efficiency Grades Detection for Power Transformers
Authors: Dai Jing , Li Zhi Hua
Published: September 2011

There is a lot of power loss in the power transmission, and the loss comes from power transformers contribute very much to this. So the implement of energy efficiency grade for power transformers has great significance to the development of power transformer, which can wash out the high energy-consuming transformer, decrease the power loss, and increase the efficiency of power transmission. The energy consumption of transformer consists of no load loss and load loss. In this test, I analyze the experiments for no load loss and load loss with the “Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for power transformers”, ascertaining the transformer’s efficiency grade.
Relationship between Slip Resistance of Shoe Sole and Materials and Floor Conditions
Authors: Jia Li Xiao , Zhang Qing Feng
Published: September 2011

Relationship between slip resistance of shoe sole and materials and floor conditions was studied by Mark II slipmeter in order to improve the slip resistance of shoe sole. The results indicate that all the materials of shoe sole and floor and the lubrication conditions of floor can affect the slip resistance of shoe sole. whereas the influence of the lubrication conditions of floor is more significant than the other two factors. Friction coefficient of rubber was highest in the three shoe sole materials. Friction coefficient of terrazzo was highest in the three floor materials. That is to say that the slip resistance of rubber is best in the three tested materials and the slip resistance of terrazzo is best in the three floor materials. Friction coefficient of oil condition was lowest among the three floor conditions and the probability of slips was very high.
Finite Element Analysis of X-Cor Sandwich’s Shear Modulus
Authors: Dang Xu Dan , Shi Shao Jie , Jiang Jin San , Xiao Jun
Published: September 2011

Through the observation of photomicrographs of resin regions around Z-pin ends, the basic hypothesis of the elliptic configuration of resin regions in the X-cor sandwich were proposed. The parametric equations for describing the microscopic structures of resin regions were given. Then the geometric analysis model of X-cor sandwich was established. The finite element software ANSYS was used to establish the finite element model of the shear modulus and the shear modulus was calculated. The error range of finite element analysis is between ±10%. So the rationality of finite element model is verified and the finite element model can be used to forecast the shear modulus.
Wet-Chemical Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO/Ag Micro Hybrid Material
Authors: Ma Pei Yan , Wu Yan , Fu Zheng Yi , Wang Wei Min
Published: September 2011

A new type of ZnO/Ag micro hybrid material has been fabricated by a facile wet chemical method using citrate as a crystal growth modifier. The morphology and component of ZnO/Ag hybrid material were characterized by SEM and XRD. It is shown that the platelike crystals connect together by means of embedding. The sample is composed of wurtzite ZnO and face-centered cubic Ag. The results of XPS, UV-Vis and PL spectra verify the electron transfer from Ag to ZnO. The photocatalytic test with Rhodamine B (RhB) as a representative dye pollutant shows that the ZnO/Ag hybrid material exhibits an improved photocatalytic activity.
Effect of Mechanical Stirring on Microstructural Morphology in Semisolid A356 Alloy
Authors: Liu Zheng , Liu Xiao Mei , Mao Wei Min
Published: September 2011

The evolution of microstructural morphology in semisolid A356 alloy was researched under the mechanical stirring. The results showed that there was the effect of the stirring time on the microstructural morphology of semisolid A356 alloy, in which the microstructural morphology became better with the stirring time prolonging. There was also the effect of the stirring process on the microstructural morphology, in which the microstructural morphology obtained from the melt cooling to the reset solid volume fraction to start stirring was coarser than that obtained from the stirring above the liquidus temperature, but the microstructural morphology rapidly changes under the shearing force.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel TeO2-SiO2 Composite Films
Authors: Gan Ping , Xian Xiao Dong
Published: September 2011

TeO2-SiO2 composite films were prepared by electrochemically induced sol-gel method, using ITO glass as a base. The structure of the films was characterized by XRD. The transmission spectrum and reflectance optical spectrum of the film were obtained by a spectrophotometer. In the visible and near infrared range, transmittance of films is greater than 80%;linear refractive index is greater than 2.2. The films electrode was produced by high vacuum evaporation method. The electrical properties of the films were measured by the method of weak current measurement. It was observed that the nonlinear relationship of films’ resistance was characterized by the measured I-V curves, and the tested current was weak. Hence TeO2-SiO2 composite films have good optical and electrical properties, and it would be the semiconductor film with the development and application prospects.
Stability Analysis of Cracks in the Stress-Release Boot of Solid Rocket Motor Grain with J-Integral
Authors: Meng Shang Yang , Han Jun Li , Liu Chang Shun , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: September 2011

The stress-release boot is always used in the fore and rear of SRM grain to relief stress-strain concentration under thermal loading. Since the debonded crack in the stress-release boot may be propagation unstable when the internal pressure entered the debonded crack cavity, the SRM with debonded cracks is very dangerous when it is lunched. So the stability analysis of the debonded cracks is very important to evaluate the defect grain structure integrity. In order to investigate the stability of debonded cracks in the stress-release boot of SRM grain during ignition pressurization, three-dimension (3-D) viscoelastic finite element models of the SRM grain with debonded cracks are established. The 3-D singular crack elements at the tips of cracks are developed to simulate the stress-release boot debonded crack propagation. And all the singular crack elements are included in the 3-D J-integral loop surface to improve the calculation precision. Along with the debonded crack propagation, the 3-D J-integrals of the debonded crack tips are respectively calculated to prejudge its expanding trend. The results show that the most dangerous situation will occur in the fore stress-release boot debonded cracks during the rocket being launched.
The Preparation of Mica Composite Insulation Material with Starch Adhesive and its Modified Enhancement
Authors: Qian Yu Peng , Zhang Xiao Wei , Zhu Ying Bo
Published: September 2011

Silicone resin is the mainly adhesive in mica insulation industry, and this sort of adhesive is easy to produce toxic and harmful volatile organic compounds and causing the environment pollution. Under the premise of no decrease in insulation performance of the mica composite insulation material, the environmental friendly modified starch adhesive is chosen. In order to obtain the high performance composite materials, the improvement of its flexural strength is necessary, and the method of modification is introduced. Four kinds of modified starch, such as: maize soluble starch, oxidized starch, β-dextrin and cationic starch are discussed. The cationic starch is avaliable as the bond medium and the silicone coupling agent KH-550 is used for modified enhancement. When the dosage of the cationic starch is 10% and modified 30mins by silicone coupling agent KH-550 with the concentration of 1%, the flexural strength and dielectric strength of the mica composite insulation material can reach 248.5 N/mm2 and 23.16 KV/mm respectively.
Design of Flexible Multi-Gripper Stretch Forming Machine by FEM
Authors: Peng He Li , Li Mine Zhe , Han Qi Gang , Feng Peng Xiao , Zhang Hao Han
Published: September 2011

In order to improve the performance of back drawing type of flexible multi-gripper stretch forming machine used for double-curvature metal sheet forming, back and down drawing type of flexible multi-gripper stretch forming machine was designed by finite element method (FEM), which has simple structure and cheap cost. The FE model of flexible multi-gripper stretch forming was established, and extensive numerical simulations of spherical parts for two kinds of flexible stretch forming machines were carried out. The variations of stress, strain, thickness and springback value of spherical parts for two kinds of drawing modes were analyzed. The numerical results show that the quality of spherical parts formed by the back and down drawing type of stretch forming machine is better than that by the back drawing type of stretch forming machine. This work provides a machine for developing the technology of stretch forming.
Research on Polypropylene Fiber and Mineral Admixtures on Fluidity of Cement-Based Materials
Authors: Li Xue Fei , Guo Tao
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this paper is based on the cement-based materials by adding fibers and mineral admixtures for composite, to cement the improvement of liquidity. Experiment with the intensity level of 42.5 ordinary portland cement, by adding polypropylene fibers, slag and fly ash cement mortar as a mineral admixture, the production of cement mortar matrix for the test, were conducted on a variety of mix Fluidity test. Experiments show that the addition of polypropylene fiber is not conducive to the mobility of mortar, especially monofilament fiber was more obvious than the reticular fibers. To join the slag, fly ash, mortar fluidity increased, indicating that slag and fly ash added to improve the workability of cement-based materials. When the fiber content reaches the maximum degree of maximum flow, indicating that slag, fly ash and polypropylene fibers will increase the combined effect of fluidity value. This innovation is obtained by adding fiber cement-based materials for toughening effect, with the use of mineral admixture can improve the overall performance of cement based materials, with further research and promotion value.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Six- Point Bending Test of a Composite Stiffened Panel
Authors: Ye Qiang , Xiao San San , Chen Pu Hui
Published: September 2011

A six-point bending test was presented to simulate skin/stiffener debonding under anti-symmetrical loading conditions. A novel rig was design via which the anti-symmetrical bending deformations can be forced on to the specimens. Experimental study on six-point bending test of composite stiffened panels of T700/QY8911 was done by using this rig. The tests are numerically analyzed using the finite element code ABAQUS, modeling the entire stiffened panel by shell elements, and investigating the progressive delamination by means of the cohesive zone model. The results of numerical analyses are compared to the experimental ones in terms of load-displacement curves and debonding positions between skin and stringer. The experimental and numerical resulits show that the anti-symmetrical bending deformation is the main factor which results in the asymmetrical propagation of the debonding between the skin and the stiffener. The failure mechanisms of the test are similar to the ones which induces skin/stiffener debonding during post-buckling in the anti-symmetrical buckling mode.
Influence of Crack Depth on Chloride Transport of Cracked Self-Compacting Concrete under Non-Steady State Migration Test
Authors: Mu Song , de Schutter Geert , Ma Bao Guo
Published: September 2011

From a physical and mechanical point of view, concrete cracking is hard to avoid. So, it is meaningful to study the influence of crack depths on chloride transport in cracked self-compacting concrete. Following the NT BUILD 492 chloride migration test method, water soluble chloride conetnt, acid soluble chloride content and penetration depth were determined on cracked concrete samples which were prepared by artificial crack method. Afterwards, the migration coefficients were obtained by curve fitting on water soluble chloride contents and penetration depths seperately. The results show that the influence of crack depth on chloride concentration of concrete is significant for the concrete zone deeper than 20 mm from the surface. Secondly, the influential zone caused by the crack is limited to a distance of 10 mm at both sides from the crack. Thirdly, the existing equation of chloride transport is not applicable to concrete with different crack depths.
Preparation and Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins with Aryl Phosphinate Dianhydride Hardener
Authors: Liang Bing , Bao Tie Zhu , Cao Jun , Hong Xiao Dong
Published: September 2011

Two halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins were prepared by diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy with two compound hardeners. The aryl phosphinate dianhydride BPAODOPE was used as a hardener and flame retardant when coupled with two curing agents, such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) and maleic anhydride (MA). The effect of the BPAODOPE contents on the fire resistance, thermal properties and mechanical properties of halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resins were investigated in detail. The results showed that the phosphorus-containing epoxy resin composites had a higher UL-94 grade and char yield, furthermore, the flame retardation and the char yield of the cured epoxy resins increased with an increase of the phosphorus content, the phosphorus content of 1.75% was enough to achieve UL-94 V-1 grade and the best combination properties for the two composites with different hardeners.
A Study on the Large-Diameter Seamless Gas Cylinder Dimensional Accuracy of Rotary Expanding Process with Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Jin Shun Yao , Huang Zhong Guo , Shao Zong Ke , Li Ming Xiang , Sun Hui Lai , Li Yu Tao , Fang Zhi Xiang
Published: September 2011

This paper expounds the application of rotary expanding process to manufacture the large-diameter hot-rolled seamless gas cylinder. Through analytic geometry method, an equation is established among the tail roll gap, roll distance and the plug protrusion distance. 3D drawing software CATIA-V5 is applied to build 3d models of steel tube and rolling tools. The rolling process is simulated by MSC.Marc FEA (finite element analysis) software. Marc’s second development function and FORTRAN software’s extracting finite element node coordinates function are applied to calculate the wall thickness uniformity. A novel method to calculate the wall thickness uniformity after finite element analysis is proposed. The wall thickness uniformity of steel tube after rolling is well simulated and compared by MSC.Marc FEA software, which can help the technologist to predict and choose the best rolling parameter. For gas cylinder rolling, the tail roll gap should be set to 17mm. The roller distance and the plug protrusion distance should be set as 342mm and 78mm separately.
The Influence of Loading Rate on the Interfacial Fracture Toughness of Carbon Fiber-Metal Laminates Based on Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zhu Gong Zhi , Zheng Chang Liang , Lu Xiao Feng
Published: September 2011

Glass fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminates, such as ARALL, GLARE are used widely for aeronautics and astronautics industry with excellent mechanical properties such as high specific strength, specific Young’s Modulus, high damage tolerance, high resistance to fatigue crack growth and good impact resistance. In order to obtain better mechanical properties, aluminum alloy plates and glass fibers were replaced by magnesium alloy plates and carbon fibers to get carbon fiber-metal laminates based on magnesium alloy. Single cantilever beams were used to examine the influence of loading rate on the interfacial fracture toughness of carbon fiber-metal laminates based on magnesium alloy. The results show that crack propagation is stable at low loading rates whereas unstable at high rates. And loading rates have slight influence on interfacial fracture toughness at low rates range from 1mm/min to 1000mm/min. The fracture toughness at high rates in impact tests is greater than at low rate.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Edible Gelatin Film from Arrowtooth Flounder (Atheresthes Stomias) Skin
Authors: Li Jian Wei , Zhao Qian Cheng , Wang Bing Bing
Published: September 2011

Fish wastes such as bones and skins, has been under-utilized. Gelatin was extracted from frozen Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) skin (AFS), and the edible gelatin film was successfully prepared. The results showed that the proximate composition of moisture, protein, lipid and ash of the extracted gelatin was 6.0 %, 92.8 %, 0.31 % and 0.39 %, respectively. The pH, bloom strength and viscosity of gelatin was 6.0, 234.8 g and 4.3 mPa.s, respectively. The tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), solubility and the prepared edible film were 10.3 MPa, 51.4 %, 98.3 %, and the film was transparent.
Bioactivity of L-b-L Self-Assembly TiO2 Hollow Spheres by UV Irradiation Enhanced
Authors: Xiao Fan , Li Wei , Gao Fei , Zhang Zhi Xian
Published: September 2011

Using nano-TiO2 particles obtained by hydrolysis of titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4) as the precursor, and polystyrene (PS) spheres as the template, TiO2 hollow spheres were successfully deposited on CPTi substrates through layer-by-layer self-assembly technology. After ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation, the TiO2 coatings were soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF) to explore their bioactivities. The effects of UV irradiation time and UV irradiation media on the bioactivities of nano TiO2 coatings were investigated. The results show that bone-like apatite can be formed on the surface of nano TiO2 coating irradiated by UV, and this reveals that the irradiated coating has good bioactivity. The amount of apatite formed on the surface of the coating increases with the increase of UV irradiation time. UV-irradiated media also influence the bioactivity of the coating. The bioactivities of nano TiO2 coatings irradiated in air and SBF are better than that in water.