bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persekitaran Fizikal Pembelajaran dan Indeks Keselesaan Guru Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi Daerah Kota Kinabalu
Authors: Jouflin Shera , Mohd Yasin Mohd Hanafi Bin
Published: January 2022

Tahap persekitaran fizikal bilik darjah memberi kesan kepada pelaksanaan proses pendidikan. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti indeks keselesaan bagi persekitaran fizikal pembelajaran Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI), indeks keselesaan guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran serta cadangan-cadangan penambahbaikan bilik darjah PPKI di daerah Kota Kinabalu. 80 orang sampel guru PPKI telah dipilih secara pensampelan bertujuan. Soal selidik kajian diadaptasi daripada Inventori Kesejahteraan dan Keselesaan Pembelajaran (IKKP) dan Inventori Persekitaran Fizikal Bilik Darjah (IPFBD). Penyebaran soal selidik dilakukan secara atas talian melalui “Google Form”. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versi 26 digunakan untuk menganalisis dapatan kajian secara analisis deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan indeks keselesaan persekitaran fizikal bilik darjah PPKI daerah Kota Kinabalu adalah tinggi (M=3.94, SP=0.627) dan Indeks keselesaan guru terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran turut mencatat indeks yang tinggi (M=3.90, SP=0.688). Analisis pada soal selidik terbuka mendapati keselesaan persekitaran bilik darjah dapat ditingkatkan melalui penambahbaikan pada aspek perabot, ruang pembelajaran, bilangan murid, pencahayaan, kualiti udara dan warna dinding bilik darjah. Kajian ini adalah berasaskan Teori Kebajikan Sosiologikal Allardt dan Universal Design Learning (UDL). Implikasi daripada kajian ini, pemegang taruh boleh membuat penilaian dan penyelenggaraan pada fizikal bilik darjah PPKI bagi mewujudkan persekitaran pembelajaran yang kondusif.
Cabaran dan Peluang Penempatan Guru Pendidikan Sejarah : Era Pasca Pandemik Covid-19
Authors: Ni Lee Bih
Published: January 2022

Artikel ini membincangkan cabaran dan peluang penempatan guru pendidikan sejarah: era pasca pandemik Covid-19. Kaedah penyelidikan kuantitatif deskriptif digunakan dalam kajian ini. Populasi bagi kajian ini adalah bertumpu kepada pelajar-pelajar Pendidikan Sejarah Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan di sebuah universiti awam di Sabah yang sedang berada pada tahun pertama pengajian iaitu sesi 2020. Hasil kajian menunjukkan faktor dominan kekosongan jawatan dalam mencari penempatan untuk berkhidmat selain sekolah awam adalah mengajar pendidikan atau mata pelajaran Sejarah di sekolah menengah swasta. Walau bagaimanapun, pelajar-pelajar Pendidikan Sejarah tetap merasakan bersyukur jika mereka ditakdirkan untuk mengajar di sekolah bukan kerajaan dan bukan opsyen. Mereka juga bersedia menggalas tanggungjawab di tempat bertugas tanpa banyak rungutan. Memandangkan susah mendapat pekerjaan pada era pasca pandemik Covid-19. Menyedari keperluan mengikut semasa, pelajar-pelajar Pendidikan Sejarah juga bersedia melengkapkan diri dengan kemahiran meneroka pelbagai online atau non-online platform untuk mengembangkan kerjaya guru tanpa mengira opsyen.
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Literasi Sains dan Pencapaian Murid menerusi Persekitaran Pembelajaran dalam Talian
Authors: Jumaat Nurul Farhana
Published: January 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri melalui model 5E terhadap kemahiran literasi Sains dan pencapaian murid menerusi persekitaran pembelajaran dalam talian iaitu aplikasi Google Classroom. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah berbentuk kuantitatif iaitu kajian pra-eksperimental satu kumpulan pra dan pasca-ujian. Sampel kajian ini terdiri daripada 30 orang murid Tahun 6 yang dipilih melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan manakala proses pengumpulan data pula mengambil masa selama empat minggu. Data kajian diperoleh melalui instrumen seperti borang soal selidik, borang senarai semak dan ujian pra dan pasca pencapaian Sains yang merangkumi topik Daya Geseran. Data kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensi. Analisis inferensi melibatkan Ujian Wilcoxon Signed Rank menggunakan perisian SPSS. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kesediaan murid adalah berada pada tahap yang memuaskan di mana majoriti pelajar bersetuju bahawa pembelajaran dalam talian memberi manfaat kepada mereka. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati kemahiran literasi Sains murid adalah memberangsangkan di mana hampir kesemua murid mempunyai kemahiran literasi Sains yang memuaskan setelah melalui persekitaran pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri menerusi aplikasi Google Classroom. Akhir sekali, dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa terdapatnya perbezaan yang signifikan diantara markah purata pra dan pasca ujian dalam pencapaian Sains murid. Kesimpulannya, melalui kajian ini, pengkaji mendapati pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri melalui model 5E dapat meningkatkan kemahiran dan pencapaian literasi Sains pelajar melalui persekitaran pembelajaran dalam talian iaitu aplikasi Google Classroom.
Kesediaan Guru Pendidikan Khas Pembelajaran dalam Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Abad Ke-21 (PAK-21)
Authors: Majid Nurhibbah Binti , Abdul Majid Rosadah Binti
Published: January 2022

Pembelajaran abad ke-21 (PAK 21) merujuk kepada inisiatif Kementerian Pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kualiti sistem pendidikan melalui keberhasilan murid melalui lima elemen standard pengajaran PAK 21. Objektif kajian dijalankan untuk mengkaji tahap kesediaan guru khas masalah pembelajaran dari segi pengetahuan, kemahiran dan hubungan antara pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran abad ke-21 (PAK 21) semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran dijalankan. Data diperolehi melalui rekabentuk kaedah tinjauan atas talian yang melibatkan 60 orang guru pendidikan khas masalah pembelajaran sekitar daerah Johor Bahru. Instrumen kajian menggunakan soal selidik skala Likert 4 mata dan hasil kajian dianalisa dengan menggunakan program Statisttical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap pelaksanaan PAK 21 di kalangan guru-guru khas masalah pembelajaran dari segi pengetahuan dan kemahiran adalah di tahap sederhana (min = 2.92). Namun demikian, terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam melaksanakan PAK 21. Hasil kajian memberi implikasi terhadap keperluan dan latihan guru pada masa akan datang dalam menyediakan guru-guru pendidikan khas masalah pembelajaran yang berkemahiran dalam PAK 21.
Assessment of health risks from environmental factors. 16 Years of collaboration between the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), hygiene and environmental organizations in the Russian Federation: results and reflections
Authors: Brody Michael , Avaliani Simon L.
Published: January 2022

Environmental health risk assessment has a long history in both the United States and Russia. Risk assessment methods have arisen and developed to protect against the dangers of the forced use of tens of thousands of chemicals in the modern world. Because chemicals play such an important role, it is impossible to ban their use altogether, and the task of their safe use becomes more and more critical. With the solution of this problem, the creation of modern environmental legislation began, based on an assessment of the hazard or potential hazard associated with the impact of these substances on humans. Risk assessment has become the scientific basis for calculating exposure limits for many chemicals that pollute the environment. Since compliance with environmental legislation is costly to industry, methods have been developed. They are being improved on to quantify the burden of proof and the appropriateness of environmental quality regulation. Environmental Health Risk Assessment was first developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Russia has accumulated a great deal of practical experience in assessing environmental risks and developing appropriate methodological recommendations. Thus, the basis was created for long-term cooperation between the two countries. This article summarizes the history of such collaboration, including a joint project to disseminate practical risk assessment in Ukraine.
Assessment of the relationship of exacerbations of diseases of the cardiovascular system with the meteorological situation
Authors: Kolyagina Natalia M. , Berezhnova Tat'jana A. , Mamchik Nikolaj P. , Klepikov Oleg V. , Yeprintsev Sergej A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The impact of weather factors on the occurrence of exacerbations of diseases in meteodependent people is currently one of the actively studied problems of medicine. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between exacerbations of diseases of the cardiovascular system with the meteorological situation to substantiate the need for preventive and informational work with meteodependent patients. Material and research methods. The study used daily data on the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases seeking medical care at Voronezh City Polyclinic No. 18 and daily information on weather conditions for 2018. The ratio of the average number of cases of medical assistance requests on days unfavourable for meteorological factors to the average number of cases of medical assistance requests per day during the year was calculated. Using software (Statistica Base V6.1), a correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of medical requests and meteorological factors was carried out. Results. It has been established that the appealability of patients with cardiovascular diseases for medical care on days unfavourable for meteorological factors is 1.1-2.0 times higher than the average annual indicator. The most informative characteristic of the six meteorological indicators taken into account in the study (average daily, minimum, maximum ambient air temperature; temperature drops by more than eight °C per day; atmospheric pressure; atmospheric pressure drops by 12 mm Hg per day or more) is a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure during the day, with which statistically significant (p <0.05) correlates the number of cases of patients with cardiovascular diseases seeking medical help. Conclusion. In medical institutions providing primary health care, it is advisable to single out separate groups of patients with meteorological dependence for dynamic observation and conduct information work with them to mitigate the severity of the course of diseases of the cardiovascular system on days unfavourable according to meteorological indicators.
Study of the relationship between antibiotic resistance markers and virulence markers in NDM-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae strains circulating in various waters and human loci
Authors: Pay Galina V. , Rakitina Daria V. , Sukhina Mariya A. , Yudin Sergey M. , Makarov Valentin V. , Maniya Tamari R. , Zagaynova Angelika V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The propagation of multi-resistance to antibiotics among hospital isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a subject of growing concern worldwide. At present, growing data of association between resistance and hypervirulence in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae emerges. However, the occurrence of these pathogens in the environment remains an open question. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare antibiotic resistance determinants occurrence in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from water sources (environmental and sewage), human sources (practically healthy people and patients with inflaammatory bowel disease (IBD), and extraintestinal infections (ExII)). Materials and methods. The PCR assay of carbapenemase genes IMP, NDM, VIM, KPC, OXA-48 was performed with the commercial “Amplisense” kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. The assay was used to evaluate the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance genes in 223 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from various sources: 42 isolates from sewage, 19 isolates from surface water sources, 30 isolates from biological material (blood, urine, surgical wounds, bronchoalveolar lavage) of patients with extraintestinal infections (ExII), 69 isolates from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and 63 isolates from faeces of practically healthy people. Results. The ExII group revealed various antibiotic resistance genes. The most prevalent gene was OXA (30% had this gene only, other 26,6% had also KPC or NDM). NDM as the only resistance gene was observed in 23,3% of ExII isolates. KPC gene was observed in 3,3% of ExII group. Two isolates from IBD group contained NDM gene along with VIM gene. Only NDM gene was found in all the other groups of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (13-28% isolates in every group, no statistical difference). NDM was shown to be associated with virulence genes iutA and rmpA that are responsible for iron consumption and hypermucoid phenotype. Conclusion. The most abundant resistance genes in the studied Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were NDM (13.5%) and OXA (8%). At the same time, NDM was the only gene found in all groups (11-28%). NDM metallobeta-lactamase gene was associated with rmpA and iutA genes, giving an example of the connection between virulence and resistance properties. A significant amount of resistant isolates from healthy donors and surface waters indicates the need for additional study of the role of NDM positive isolates in pathogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The relationship of polymorphic variants of genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 with the risk of developing diseases (literature review)
Authors: Amromina A. M. , Sitnikov I. A. , Shaikhova D. R.
Published: January 2022

Authors analyzed the relationship of the most studied polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) with the risk of developing diseases in the territory of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed domestic articles on gene polymorphisms and their association with various conditions. A systematic review of scientific papers was carried out using the following electronic databases: Cyberleninka, Electronic Library and Google Scholar, which searched for glutathione transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms from 1900 to 2020. The following keywords were used for the search: “GST polymorphism”. The search for articles was carried out in English but took into account the results obtained only in the territory of the Russian Federation. The search for scientific publications was independently checked and compared to filter out duplicate articles. The sample size, the number of loci included in the analysis, and the analyzed population (ethnic group) are essential in studying the relationship between glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms and the development of diseases. In general, the analysis of the articles makes it possible to reveal the association between the polymorphisms of the glutathione-S-transferase genes and the high risk of developing oncological diseases, respiratory diseases and other pathologies. This article did not consider the relationship of polymorphisms with reproductive pathologies because this topic includes a large amount of work and requires separate consideration. The least studied issue is the relationship between polymorphisms of genes for biotransformation of xenobiotics and the development of occupational diseases.
External exposure levels and fluoride content in the urine of workers at aluminium electrolysis
Authors: Shayakhmetov Salim F. , Merinov Alexey V. , Lisetskaya Lyudmila G. , Meschakova Nina M. , Rukavishnikov Victor S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In the context of large-scale modernization and intensification of aluminium production, it becomes relevant to assess the actual fluoride loads and the main factors that determine the occupational exposure of workers to fluorides for health risk analysis. Materials and methods. Monitoring studies of the content of hydrofluoride and aerosols of fluoride salts in the air of electrolysis shops were carried out with traditional and modernized technologies for producing aluminium and fluorine in urine in 108 workers of the primary professions and 35 people in the control group. Determination of the concentration of fluorides was carried out by photometric methods, and fluorine in urine - by ionometric methods. Results. The total concentration of fluoride compounds in the air of the modernized shops was 1.4-2.1 times lower than the values in traditional shops. The fluoride content in the urine of workers in these workshops ranged from 0.8 to 4.7 mg/l, 1.1-6.7 times higher than the level of the control group and 1.1-2.3 times the limit value of the biological exposure index. The highest external and internal fluoride loads and associated health risks are found in workers who maintain electrolyzers and anodes. A closer, noticeable (r = 0.644) correlation was found between the content of fluoride in urine and the levels of gaseous hydrofluoride in the air, indicating its predominant effect on workers compared to other determinants (total concentration of fluorides, seniority and age). Conclusion. The studies’ results indicate a high additional informative value and reliability of biomonitoring of fluoride in urine, which, combined with analysis of air pollution with fluorides, provides a completely objective assessment of the risk of exposure to workers. The presence of high levels of hydrofluoride in the air of electrolysis shops creates a higher occupational health risk for workers.
Assessment of changes in the main homeostasis indicators in mammals after hyperthermic exposure
Authors: Kriyt Vladimir E. , Sladkova Yuliya N. , Sannikov Maksim V. , Pyatibrat Aleksandr O.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The occupation of firefighters is characterized by the impact of both hazardous fire factors and a complex of harmful and dangerous characteristics of various natures, often exceeding the expected values. High air temperature is typical for almost all types of fire and is one of the main adverse physical factors affecting the body of firefighters. Experimental models on animals are of leading importance in studying extreme fire factors, including hyperthermic exposure. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 124 outbred white male rats of 3 months of age weighing 250-300 g, divided randomly into two groups. The first group (62 rats) was subjected to a single hyperthermic load. The second group (62 rats) was subjected to daily hyperthermic load during 14 days. The study of the leading indicators of the acid-base state and water-electrolyte balance, biochemical and clinical blood tests, cellular and humoral immunity was carried out before and after hyperthermic exposure. Results. The obtained data indicate high ambient temperatures cause changes in homeostasis indices in laboratory animals. At the same time, there are alterations in the indicators of water-electrolyte balance, acid-base state, clinical and biochemical blood tests and the immune system. Conclusion. An experimental model of extreme heat exposure on animals showed the emergence and persistence of changes in the leading indicators of homeostasis. In the group of single hyperthermia, these parameters were restored to the background levels in a day. In the group of multiple hyperthermia, they remained altered.
The combined action of lead and physical load in a subchorionic experiment on rats
Authors: Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Ryabova Iuliya V. , Sutunkova Marina P. , Gurvich Vladimir B. , Privalova Larisa I. , Panov Vladimir G. , Klinova Svetlana N. , Solovyeva Svetlana N. , Sakhautdinova Renata R. , Katsnelson Boris A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Exposure to lead associated with working conditions (especially in mining and metallurgical production) is usually combined with muscular work. However, the influence of this combination on the pathological process development has not been thoroughly studied. Materials and methods. During six weeks, white outbred male rats received intraperitoneal lead acetate at a dose of 11 mg / kg, corresponding to 1/20 LD50, three times a week and/or five times a week physical exercises (forced running for 10 minutes at a speed of 25 m/min). Results. As can be seen from the results, lead caused statistically significant shifts in 33.5% of the organism’s status indices, pointing to the onset of a moderate subchronic intoxication. Content of coproporphyrin in urine and percentage of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood increased, the average content of haemoglobin in the erythrocyte decreased. Under physical activity the harmful effect of lead enhanced in 23.7% of indices and weakened in 28.9% of indices. We did not find changes in 47.4% of indices. Conclusion. Lead intoxication changes ambiguously under the influence of physical exercises. The type of combined effect of lead toxicity and physical activities depends on the outcome by which this type is assessed, on this outcome’s level and the dose ratio.
Assessment of the quality of life related to the health of workers in the aluminium industry with broncholuminal diseases
Authors: Beigel Elena A. , Katamanova Elena V. , Kazakova Polina V. , Shayakhmetov Salim F.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Chronic occupational disease of the bronchopulmonary system can significantly impact the quality of life of patients. The aim of the study is to assess the quality of life associated with the health of workers with bronchopulmonary pathology in the aluminium industry. Materials and methods. The study involved 130 men with occupational pathology of the respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), bronchial asthma (BA), chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNOB) and a combination of COPD + BA) aged 43 to 72 years (mean age 59.7 ± 8.4 years). The comparison group included 84 men - residents of the Irkutsk region (the average age was 50.2 ± 7.2 years), comparable with patients in social conditions and not in contact with harmful production factors. The health-related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed according to the Russified modification of the SF-36 method, respiratory function using spirometry. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the software package “Statistica 6.0”. Results. Assessment of the quality of life of patients with occupational chronic bronchopulmonary pathology revealed low values of assessments on all scales of HRQL, both in the group as a whole (p <0.05) and depending on the nosological form (p < 0.001). Taking into account the severity of spirometric data, it was found that in grade III - the intensity of pain (36 (22-41) points) was more pronounced than in groups I (41 (41-55) points) and II (41 (22-42) ) points) degrees of severity. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that bronchopulmonary pathology harms the HRQL, determining the low total physical and mental health (33.0 ± 3.9 and 45.1 ± 4.8 points, respectively), causing low physical and mental well-being can be an obstacle to normal social functioning.
Features of formation somatic pathologies under chronic exposure to hydrofluoride in the manufacture of titanic alloys
Authors: Bazarova Ekaterina L. , Fedoruk Anna A. , Osherov Ilya S. , Roslaya Natalya A. , Babenko Aleksey G.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Most studies on the morbidity of workers with fluorine compounds are devoted to occupational medicine at aluminium industry enterprises. The aim of the study is to identify the exposure, gender and evolutionary features of the formation of general somatic morbidity associated with chronic occupational exposure to hydrofluoride in the production of titanium alloys. Materials and methods. The analysis of the prevalence of chronic pathology according to the medical examination of 562 workers in contact with hydrofluoride and the incidence of temporary disability according to 29949 disability sheets in comparison with non-exposed persons of the same enterprise is given. Results. With an increase in the degree of harmfulness of working conditions, there was an augmentation increase in the risk of developing pathology of the respiratory organs, eyes, musculoskeletal system, arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. In the working conditions of Class 3.1, an increased prevalence of diseases of the nervous and genitourinary systems with a moderate degree of occupational conditionality was revealed (relative risks (RR) 1.6 and 2.0, respectively, р < 0.05), class 3.2 - a high degree of professional conditionality of respiratory diseases (RR = 2.8). When working in harmful working conditions, there was an average degree of occupational conditionality of nervous system diseases in women (RR = 1.9) and a small degree of arterial hypertension in men (RR = 1.2). The prevalence of general somatic pathology in all age groups was higher than in non-exposed persons of the same age. Conclusion. Hydrofluoride in the production of titanium alloys was proved to be a trigger contributing to the formation of the pathology of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, ear, eyes, skin, blood, musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine, and genitourinary systems.
Analysis of changes in the rat cardiovascular system under the action of lead intoxication and muscular exercise
Authors: Klinova Svetlana V. , Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Protsenko Yuri L. , Sutunkova Marina P. , Ryabova Iuliia V. , Gerzen Oksana P. , Nabiev Salavat R. , Balakin Alexander A. , Lookin Oleg N. , Lisin Ruslan V. , Kuznetsov Daniil A. , Privalova Larisa I. , Panov Vladimir G. , Chernyshov Ivan N. , Katsnelson Leonid B. , Nikitina Larisa V. , Katsnelson Boris A.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. One of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is the toxic metal pollution of the industrial area and the environment. Lead is the most critical of toxic metals. In industrial conditions, the body’s exposure to harmful substances is often combined with muscular work of varying severity. It has not been studied enough how these combinations influence the development of pathological processes associated with harmful exposure. Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment was carried out on white outbred male rats for six weeks. Intoxication was simulated by repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate three times a week. Running was chosen to model the muscle exercise at a 25 m/min speed for 10 minutes 5 days a week. We performed biochemical and electrocardiographic studies. Blood pressure parameters were recorded. Muscle contractility was studied on isolated multicellular preparations of the right ventricular myocardium in isometric and physiological contraction modes. The ratio of myosin heavy chains was determined by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sliding velocity of reconstituted thin filaments on myosin using an in vitro motility assay. Results. Physical exercise under lead intoxication normalized the level of calcium and the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the blood serum, the voltage of the isoelectric line and the amplitude of the T wave on the electrocardiogram. The combined action of lead and physical exercise showed an increase in the creatinine kinase-MB level. We found that the effect of exercise under lead intoxication on myocardial contractility was ambiguous. The maximum isotonic shortening velocity in trabeculae was normalized, but the maximum rate of strength development in the isometric mode in the papillary muscles decreased to a greater extent than under lead intoxication. The maximum sliding velocity of reconstituted thin filaments and myosin and the heavy chain ratio was partly normalized. Conclusion. In general, muscle exercise attenuated the lead cardiotoxic effects.
Morbidity of the working-age population of the Russian Federation for 2015–2019
Authors: Shastin Aleksandr S. , Malykh Olga L. , Gazimova Venera G. , Tsepilova Tatyana M. , Ustyugova Tatyana S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The quality of labour potential is one of the most important factors of economic growth, which largely depends on the health status of the working-age population. Today, incidence and prevalence rates in the Russian working-age population are not monitored at the national level. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study based on retrospective data on disease incidence in the adult population of the Russian Federation. We also assessed disease incidence and prevalence in the Russian working-age population (men aged 18-59 and women aged 18-54) in 2015-2019 using the method of continuous observation. We estimated and ranked incidence and prevalence rates per 100,000 working-age population of some constituent entities and federal districts of the Russian Federation to establish the territories with the highest and lowest rates. Results. We applied and tested methodological approaches to assessing the morbidity of the working-age population living in different regions of the Russian Federation. Our findings demonstrate a high degree of variability in both incidence and prevalence rates in the working-age population in general and by ICD-10 disease categories. Conclusion. Results of our assessments and ranking of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by disease-specific incidence and prevalence rates in the working-age population provide an opportunity to areas at risk with specific health status enabling the most efficient management of risks of labour and economic losses. The proven method approaches may be used to address the challenges of public health monitoring.
Forecast of the birth rate and prevalence of the population of subjects of the Russian Federation from the position of assessment of their reproductive potential
Authors: Khabriev Ravil U. , Mingazova Elmira N. , Ziatdinov Vasil B. , Lebedeva Ulyana M. , Shigabutdinova Tatyana N. , Zhelezova Polina V. , Gasaynieva Muminat M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. At present, negative trends in medical and demographic indicators continue to persist in the regions of the Russian Federation, which is seen as a consequence of a decrease in the number of young people due to the demographic “hole” of the late 20th century and an increase in the incidence of the population, especially adolescence. Therefore, to develop programs for the formation and protection of the population’s reproductive health, it is of no small importance to identify the patterns of morbidity rates in the population to determine the reproductive potential of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Purpose. Study the trend of population morbidity, assessment of the relationship and medium-term predicted values of the birth rate and incidence of the population of certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation to assess their reproductive potential. Material and methods: statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in the sections “Demography” and “Healthcare”. The analysis of the dynamics of birth rate indicators and morbidity of the population was carried out. Predictive models for fertility and morbidity of the population were built based on one-factor linear regression, where the birth rate was taken as the dependent variable, and the primary morbidity was taken as the independent variable. Results. The article presents a dynamic analysis of the birth rate, the morbidity rate of the adult, child and adolescent population in four studied territories: the Republic of Tatarstan, Sakha (Yakutia), Dagestan and the Kostroma region. It was revealed that in all regions, there is a decrease in fertility rates, starting from 2014-2015. Conclusion. Based on regression models, a forecast of the birth rate was compiled, which shows that if the existing trends continue, by 2024 relative to 2018, there will be a decrease in the birth rate in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) by 1.2 per 1,000 population, in the Republic of Dagestan - by 0.6 per 1,000 people, in the Kostroma region - by 0.5 per 1,000 people. However, in the Republic of Tatarstan, the indicator is forecasted to be higher than in 2018 - by 0.6 per 1,000 people.
The seeking medical attention in the urban adult population prior and during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19)
Authors: Kapitonov Vladimir F.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The appeal of the population for medical care in the conditions of a pandemic and strict quarantine measures has not been sufficiently analyzed in the scientific medical literature to date. The purpose of the work. Analysis of the urban adult population’s access to medical care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. Based on the materials of the consolidated statistical reports of Krasnoyarsk, the indicators of the appeal and morbidity of the adult population for 2017-2020 were studied. The obtained information was analyzed using absolute and relative values. Results. The analysis of the adult population’s appeal indicators in the pre-pandemic period and the COVID-19 pandemic period showed a decrease of 43.8%. The decrease in the population’s treatment for preventive purposes occurred in all points, except for points Z20-Z29 (potential health hazard associated with infectious diseases), the indicators of which increased by 67.4% or 11.4%. The decrease in the overall morbidity rate during the pandemic was due to a decrease in the frequency of referrals with previously known diseases by 80.4%. The primary morbidity rate increased by 64.3%. Discussion. The indicators of the incidence of the adult population of COVID-19 obtained by us have differences but do not contradict the data obtained by other researchers. As our study showed, the measures taken did not lead to a significant decrease in the population’s appeal to medical institutions. Conclusion. The comparative data obtained allows assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing anti-epidemic measures on the treatment and morbidity of the adult population.
Possibilities of telemedical monitoring risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases: experience of using a patient-oriented model of remote rehabilitation care
Authors: Kotelnikova Elena V. , Senchikhin Valery N. , Lipchanskaya Tatyana P.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The modern system for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and the creation of conditions for the formation and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle (coolant) includes activities in the development of monitoring systems for information on risk factors. Purpose: to assess the capabilities of telemedicine monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in the structure of a patient-oriented model of distance rehabilitation care. Material and methods. The study included patients with coronary heart disease and/or arterial hypertension of the I-III degree, without cognitive dysfunction and contraindications to physical rehabilitation, with a mobile device with Internet access. The following groups were distinguished: remote cardiac rehabilitation, with the participation of patients in a 12-month program (28 patients, 86% of men, average age 55.2 ± 10.7 years), and traditional follow-up (30 patients, 80% of men, average age 64.7 ± 6.9 years). Remote cardiac rehabilitation model provided for office consulting using a decision support system, monitoring indicators based on digital recording devices, mobile applications and the electronic «Patient Diary» deferred telemedicine counselling. The effectiveness of the observation was evaluated by the trend of the modified risk factors; patient satisfaction with remote assistance - according to the «Client Satisfaction Questionnaire - CSQ-8» questionnaire. Results. After completion of the remote cardiac rehabilitation (RCR) program, a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were observed, and a tendency to increase physical activity. Upon completion of the RCR-program, a high level of satisfaction with telemedicine assistance was noted. Conclusion. The results of the pilot phase of the study, dedicated to the study of the possibilities of remote rehabilitation in the context of maximizing the benefits for cardiovascular prophylaxis, indicate the possibility of using a patient-oriented model of remote cardiac rehabilitation to monitor and modify risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Promising measures to reduce the mortality in Russia: an analytical review
Authors: Kobyakova Olga S. , Starodubov Vladimir I. , Khaltourina Daria A. , Zykov Viktor A. , Zubkova Tatiana S. , Zamiatnina Elena S.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to identify promising measures to reduce mortality in Russia. Methods used included analysis of systematic reviews from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results. Many reasonable measures for reducing mortality in Russia include promoting healthy behaviour (tobacco control, alcohol control, support for healthy diet, physical activity) and preventing death due to external causes. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of disease management, including arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular accidents, hepatitis C, HIV. This could require intensifying digital transformation of health care, implementing modern teamwork approaches to the patient’s treatment and follow-up with greater involvement of nurses and other personnel. In terms of screening, it is essential to expand coverage and introduce modern, effective screening methods for colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and neonatal screening. It is necessary to expand vaccination against Covid-19, vaccination of the elderly from Pneumococcus, and adolescents from HPV. Prevention of mortality from external causes should include sets of measures targeted at the prevention of suicides, traffic accidents, fires, drownings, etc., in addition to alcohol control measures. Finally, increasing health care financing, including medication provision, can bring additional years of life. Conclusions. Russia has significant potential to implement new measures to reduce the mortality rate.
Activities of the Department of social hygiene and organization of healthcare of the Central Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians in training and improving management personnel in health care in the 30–80th of the XX century
Authors: Zadvornaya Olga L. , Pishchita Alexander N.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The training of management personnel is a priority task of the state policy in health care since the effectiveness and efficiency of the health care system depends on the level of competence of these specialists, both at the level of a particular territory entire state as a whole. In improving the potential of the leading personnel in the industry, the activities of Department of social hygiene and organization of healthcare of the Central Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians were of particular importance. Having this information will help understand the origins of the development of the foundations of the training health management personnel system. The purpose of the study is to identify the main features of the activity and the contribution of the Department of social hygiene and organization of healthcare of the Central Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians in the 30-80th of the XX century in the formation and development of the system of training health management personnel. Material and methods.Based on the scientific principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity, content analysis, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, typological research methods were used, which made it possible to establish cause-and-effect relationships connecting the identified individual historical events and facts. Results.The diligent work of the department contributed to the development of the basic principles and mechanisms for raising the level of professional qualifications of management personnel aimed at optimizing the activities of health authorities and institutions, improving health protection and improving the quality of medical care for the population, increasing the personal responsibility of medical workers for work results, the ability to work with personnel in conditions. Conclusion. The obtained results of the study, based on the context of the historical reconstruction of activities, indicate the significant contribution of the department to the creation of the fundamental foundations and a robust base for the training of health management personnel. The variety of completed forms and terms of training contributed to the prompt and flexible solution of problems related to territorial characteristics, conditions of professional activity, training needs, the formation of a school of advanced experience in training leading personnel in the industry.
Analisis Gaya Bahasa Kumpulan Puisi Perahu Kertas Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono
Authors: Saragih Riza Irayani , Maulina Intan , Sinaga Arif Yuandana
Published: January 2022

Puisi merupakan sebuah karya sastra yang mempunyai gaya bahasa menarik. Penggunaan bahasa dalam puisi sangat penting karena pemilihan gaya bahasa sangat diperhatikan oleh pembaca. Gaya bahasa yang terdapat pada kumpulan puisi Perahu Kertas sangat beraneka ragam. Penulis mengacu pada referensi buku Gorys Keraf mengenai diksi dan gaya bahasa.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analisis yang artinya data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, gambar, dan bukan angka-angka setelah itu dilakukan analisis.

Dari buku kumpulan puisi Perahu Kertas karya Sapardi Djoko Damono berhasil ditemukan gaya bahasa retoris diantaranya aliterasi ditunjukkan dengan keempat kutipan, lalu asonansi empat kutipan, anastrof dengan dua kutipan, asyndeton juga memiliki dua kutipan, polisendeton satu kutipan, ellipsis ada dua kutipan, histeron proteron satu kutipan, pleonasme satu, dan hiperbola memiliki dua kutipan. Dalam buku puisi ini juga ditemukan gaya bahasa kiasan yaitu persamaan atau simile ditunjukkan dengan sebuah kutipan, lalu metafora ada satu kutipan, dan personofikasi ditemukan tiga kutipan.

Dari seluruh penemuan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku puisi ini didominasi oleh gaya bahasa retoris, karena terdapat sembilan jenis, sedangkan gaya bahasa kiasan hanya ditunjukkan dalam tiga jenis. Dari sembilan jenis gaya bahasa retoris aliterasi dan asonansi adalah yang paling banyak muncul yaitu masing-masing empat kalimat
Teknik 3M (Meniru-Mengolah-Mengembangkan) Dalam Menulis Teks Berita
Authors: Purba Hartati Meylisa , Maulina Intan , Hutapea Bilferi
Published: January 2022

Menulis merupakan salah satu keterampilan berbahasa salah satu kegiatan menulis yang membutuhkan stimulus untuk memulai dan menemukan ide adalah kegiatan teks berita. Kesulitan yang dihadapi adalah sulitnya menuangkan ide/gagasan saat menulis sebuah teks berita. Selama ini siswa merasa kesulitan karena tidak diberikan contoh untuk ditiru sebagai pemula dalam menulis teks berita, karena menulis teks berita tidak hanya sesuatu yang langsung ditiru saja namun butuh tahapan mengolah berita tersebut. Tahapan mengolah penting dilakuakn guna mengetahui berita itu apakah akurat, objektif, serta memenuhi syarat praktis penulisan berita yaitu harus ringkas (concise), jelas (clear), dan hangat (current).

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian quasi experimental, yang merupakan pengembangan dari true experimental design

Berdasarkan pengamatan, siswa-siswa mengikuti pembelajaran menulis teks berita dengan sungguh-sungguh. Kelas eksperimen mendapatkan teori menulis teks berita, kemudian praktik menulis teks berita dengan menggunakan teknik 3 M.

Teknik 3M efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran menulis teks berita oleh siswa kelas XII SMK Swasta GKPS 2 Pematangsiantar.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik 3Mmefektif meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks berita. Teknik ini membantu siswa mengorganisasi ide dan pengetahuan untuk dituangkan dalam tulisan. Siswa kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan teknik 3M dituntut untuk mampu menemukan ide, saling bertukar pendapat, dan memecahkan masalah terkait dengan apa yang diulas.
Etika Berkomunikasi Menggunakan Media Sosial (WhatsApp) di STMIK Royal Kisaran
Authors: Azmi Sri Rezki Maulina , Dewi Muthia , Dailami Dailami
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pentingnya penerapan etika komunikasi di media sosial WhatsApp oleh mahasiswa. Etika komunikasi di media sosial ini terbagi atas tiga poin penting yang harus diterapkan oleh setiap penggunanya termasuk mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis bagaimana penerapan etika komunikasi mahasiswa di media sosial WhatsApp. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskiptif. Adapun pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara semi-terstruktur. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara. Objek penelitian adalah semua postingan mahasiswa mahasiswa sistem Informasi kelas SI 3H. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Penerapan etika berkomunikasi yang santun dalam menggunakan media sosial dimedia sosial WhatsApps grup oleh mahasiswa sistem informasi SI 3H sudah sangat baik, hal ini dibuktikan berdasarkan hasil analisis terlihat ketika menyampaikan salam atau sapaan ketika memulai pembicaraan, mengucapkan kata terimakasih setelah mendapatkan informasi dan memberikan respon ketika bertanya. 2) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap awal, informasi, dan norma-norma moral banyak memberikan pengaruh terhadap cara, bahasa, dan perubahan bagi mahasiswa saat menghubungi dosen melalui aplikasi WhatsApp.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Group Investigation Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Nofiardi Rahmat
Published: January 2022

Model pembelajaran yang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk terlibat aktif dalam pembelajaran salah satunya adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah pengaruh model pembelajaran Group Investigation terhadap motivasi belajar matematika. Jenis penelitian ini library research atau penelitian kepustakaan di mana data-data kepustakaan dijadikan sebagai teori untuk dikaji dan ditelaah dalam memperoleh hipotesa atau untuk mendapatakn hasil yang objektif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil studi pustaka dari berbagai sumber baik buku, skripsi, maupun jurnal yang dilakukan para peneliti sebelumnya, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi belajar matematika siswa mengalami peningkatan setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran group investigation dalam proses belajar mengajar, ini dapat dilihat dari antusiasme siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran secara aktif.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperatif Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa SMA
Authors: Sapmawati Tuti
Published: January 2022

Pada proses pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya di kelas interaksi antara guru dan siswa sangat penting. Komunikasi antar keduanya dapat dijadikan indikator sampai sejauh mana pemahaman siswa. Keaktifan siswa ketika mengikuti pembelajaran dan respon siswa terhadap mata pelajaran serta materi pelajaran dapat menunjukkan sejauh mana pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi tersebut.
Untuk memberikan gambaran umum pelaksanaan cooperatif learning dalam mewujudkan kondisi bealjar yang interaktif. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur yang telah dikompilasi, dianalisis, dan disimpulkan dari beberapa jurnal yang relevan dengan judul penelitian Hasil dari model pembelajaran kooperatif ini menumbuhkan daya kompetisi yang kompetitif antar siswa. Siswa akan terbangun motivasi kemadirian dan tumbuh sebagai sosok siswa yang penuh kretifitas dan kemauan yang tinggi untuk tahu dan memahami pemebelajaran yang sedang berlangsung. Hal ini dapat merangsang siswa untuk ikut aktif dalam pembelajaran sehingga dapat meningkatkan prestasi siswa.