bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
St. Cordula und die Kölner Johanniter. Zu Rolle und Funktion weiblicher Heiliger und ihrer Reliquien
Authors: Krämer Thomas
Published: January 2024

St. Cordula and the Cologne Johanniter. On the role and function of female saints and their relics
 
The Hospitaller commandery in Cologne not only had an extraordinarily rich collection of relics, it was almost unique in having relics found on its own grounds. In 1278 and 1327, remains of several saints were collected, which were attributed to the entourage of St Ursula and the 11.000 virgins. These were not particularly high-ranking saints, but the Hospitallers knew how to cleverly use the findings to secure a prominent place for their house in the legend, which was very well known throughout Europe. With the relics, especially those of St Cordula, whose discovery was staged in a hagiographic text, the Hospitaller commandery also succeeded in placing itself in Cologneʼs very dense sacral landscape and establishing connections far beyond the city and the Rhineland. Especially in difficult situations, the finding of the relics offered members of the order and the social environment of the commandery’s self-assurance, as they confirmed the promise of salvation. Last but not least, pilgrims and donations brought economic benefits. This article demonstrates that a particularly high-ranking relic or saint was not necessarily needed to be successful. Falling back on those who fit into a narrative that offered different points of contact could be just as advantageous in securing support and gaining influence.
The commanders’ spouses. The marriages of the Utrecht Teutonic Knights, 1640–1940
Authors: De Bruin Renger Evert
Published: January 2024

In 1640 the Bailiwick of Utrecht abolished the obligation of celibacy, as a continuation of the Protestantisation process that had started 25 years earlier. After this decision, half of the sitting members married. Most of the knights who joined after 1640 were married. The paper analyses data collected on 221 marriages over three centuries. Most of these marriages fit the Western European Marriage Pattern: entered into by mature people, generally of their own free will, but in good consultation with the family (marriage by consent). The age difference between the partners was usually not very large. Very young brides were rare, mainly restricted to the circles of German princes, who knew arranged marriages. The spouses usually came from the same milieu, but certainly not always. As noble girls, the brides had received an education aimed at finding a suitable spouse, after which they could play a role as a mother, manager of the household and pivot in the social network. The knights formed their own households, with their children, no longer living in the commanderies. Until the nineteenth century a substantial part of the offspring died young. The effects of medical developments in the nineteenth century, which reduced child and maternal mortality, are visible in the data set.
Alice Ehrmann-Pösch. Bettler, Pfründner, Hausarme. Armenfürsorge in der frühen Neuzeit am Beispiel Mergentheim, Residenzstadt des Deutschen Ordens. Imtal-Weinstraße: VDG Verlag, 2022
Authors: Sumowski Marcin
Published: January 2024

Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens 89 / Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle Deutscher Orden an der Universität Würzburg 5. 390 pp. ISBN: 978-3-89739-970-9.
Allies and Advocates
Authors: Panciuchin Joanna
Published: January 2024

The paper concerns the process of research with the Wroclaw-based Romanian Roma community at its centre. This community can be depicted as radically marginalised as a result of an interplay of various factors. Additionally, the members of this community are exposed to the fallout from cultural prejudice against Roma, which is deeply entrenched in (not only) Polish society. Doing research focused on Roma communities, researchers are bound to interrogate the objectivity of science, the degree of their own commitment and above all their attitude to the group with whom they conduct/co-conduct the research process. In reflecting on my own practice as a researcher, I look to both present the dilemmas involved and some applicable solutions that can bring us closer to being allies in research.
Culturally Responsive Artificial Intelligence – Problems, Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Ożegalska-Łukasik Natalia , Łukasik Szymon
Published: January 2024

In the contemporary interconnected world, the concept of cultural responsibility occupies paramount importance. As the lines between nations become less distinct, it is incumbent upon individuals, communities, and institutions to assume the responsibility of safeguarding and valuing the landscape of diverse cultures that constitute our global society. This paper explores the socio-cultural and ethical challenges stemming from the implementation of AI algorithms and highlights the necessity for their culturally responsive development. It also offers recommendations on essential elements required to enhance AI systems’ adaptability to meet the demands of contemporary multicultural societies. The paper highlights the need for further multidisciplinary research to create AI models that effectively address these challenges. It also advocates the significance of AI enculturation and underlines the importance of regulatory measures to promote cultural responsibility in AI systems.
The Scottish Aesthetic Awards: a night of celebrating talent
Authors: Tamburrini Nicole
Published: January 2024

Events and Marketing Co-ordinator, Nicole Tamburrini, gives us a preview of what the much-anticipated 2024 Scottish Aesthetic Awards have in store
The BACN response to the DHSC consultation
Authors: Brown Sharron , Campion-Awwad Constance
Published: January 2024

BACN members Sharron Brown and Constance Campion-Awwad discuss the implications of the DHSC consultation on aesthetic nurses and their patients
Benefit in physical function and quality of life to nonsurgical treatment of varicose veins: Pilot study
Authors: Kim Gwon-Min , Kim BoKun , Jang Minwoo , Park Jong-Hwan , Bae Miju , Lee Chung Won , Kim Jong Won , Huh Up
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function; however, whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains unclear. Moreover, the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain unclear.

AIM

To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life (QOL) following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during activity.

METHODS

We enrolled 37 participants (those with varicose veins, n = 17; healthy individuals, n = 20). We performed the following measurements pre- and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals: Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test, open eyes one-leg stance, 30 s sit-to-stand test, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, physical activity assessment, and QOL assessment.

RESULTS

Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables (physical function, sleep quality, and QOL). Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre- and post-nonsurgical treatment— results in the 30 sit-to-stand test [14.41 (2.45) to 16.35 (4.11), P = 0.018), two-minute step test [162.29 (25.98) to 170.65 (23.80), P = 0.037], VAS for pain [5.35 (1.90) to 3.88 (1.73), P = 0.004], and QOL [39.34 (19.98) to 26.69 (17.02), P = 0.005]; however, no significant difference was observed for muscle oxygenation.

CONCLUSION

Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients, bringing their condition close to that of healthy individuals. Future studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.
Emerging roles of microRNAs as diagnostics and potential therapeutic interest in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shrivastav Dharmsheel , Singh Desh Deepak
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization. Uncontrolled high sugar levels lead to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which affects several metabolic pathways by its receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and causes diabetic complication. MiRNAs are small RNA molecules which regulate genes linked to diabetes and affect AGEs pathogenesis, and target tissues, influencing health and disease processes.

AIM

To explore miRNA roles in T2DM's metabolic pathways for potential therapeutic and diagnostic advancements in diabetes complications.

METHODS

We systematically searched the electronic database PubMed using keywords. We included free, full-length research articles that evaluate the role of miRNAs in T2DM and its complications, focusing on genetic and molecular disease mechanisms. After assessing the full-length papers of the shortlisted articles, we included 12 research articles.

RESULTS

Several types of miRNAs are linked in metabolic pathways which are affected by AGE/RAGE axis in T2DM and its complications. miR-96-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-132, has_circ_0071106, miR-143, miR-21, miR-145-5p, and more are associated with various aspects of T2DM, including disease risk, diagnostic markers, complications, and gene regulation.

CONCLUSION

Targeting the AGE/RAGE axis, with a focus on miRNA regulation, holds promise for managing T2DM and its complications. MiRNAs have therapeutic potential as they can influence the metabolic pathways affected by AGEs and RAGE, potentially reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular complications. Additionally, miRNAs may serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for T2DM. Further research in this area may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its associated complications.
Removal of a guide-wire sliding into abdominal cavity via transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: A case report
Authors: Chen Shi-Ju , Zhang Da-Ya , Lv Yan-Ting , Bai Fei-Hu
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Guidewire slippage into the peritoneal cavity during clinical operations is extremely rare. Therefore, this paper aims to report a successful case of guidewire removal using transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The goal is to enhance physicians' understanding of the management plan for this unique scenario and provide a valuable reference for clinical practice.

CASE SUMMARY

A 64-year-old man presented with abdominal distension and was diagnosed with cirrhosis combined with massive ascites. To proceed with treatment, the patient underwent ultrasound-guided peritoneal puncture and underwent catheterization and drainage. Unfortunately, a 0.035-inch guidewire slipped into the abdominal cavity during the procedure. Following a comprehensive evaluation and consultation by a multidisciplinary team, the guidewire was successfully removed using NOTES.

CONCLUSION

This case highlights the potential consideration of transgastric NOTES removal when encountering a foreign body, such as a guidewire, within the abdominal cavity.
The 75th Anniversary of the Nevada Air National Guard 1948-2023: Building a Total Force for National Security
Authors: Marcus Emerson
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The year 2023 marks the 75th anniversary of the Nevada Air National Guard. When Congress created the United States Air Force in 1947, it also authorized the various states to establish Air National Guards. Nevada did so immediately in 1948. The Nevada Air Guard took its place alongside the newly reestablished Nevada State Militia under the command of the governor and subject to activation by the president whenever local or national emergencies threatened the peace and security of the United States. As a reserve force, the Nevada Air National Guard assumed a role in the Cold War with the Soviet Union, served in the Korean War, and responded to crises associated with the Vietnam War in the turbulent 1960s. After the downfall of the Soviet Union, it served in Kosovo in the 1990s amidst the violent breakup of the former Yugoslavia. During the 21st century members of the Nevada Air Guard have been called to Iraq and Afghanistan in the War on Terror. At home the Air Guard has assisted the U.S. Forest Service's efforts to fight wildfires in the face of climate change.
Archival Collections at Lake Mead National Recreation Area
Authors: Whetstone Kassidy N.
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The National Park Service administers from its offices in Boulder City, Nevada what was designated as the Lake Mead National Recreational Area in 1936. The NPS manages approximately 1.5 million acres of land and water making up the Recreational Area created by the 120-mile-long reservoir behind Hoover Dam named Lake Mead. The Lake and its environs present multiple recreational resources, including natural, cultural, archaeological, and historical sites. Professionally archived records at the Recreational Area's headquarters offer researchers in multiple fields of inquiry photographs, maps, planning documents, drawings, information on relations with indigenous peoples, and land records. Researchers will find convenient finding aids and trained archivists to assist.
Quality improvement to holographic microscopy reconstruction based on Kramers-Kronig relations and phase background fitting
Authors: Li Kaiping , Cai Ping
Published: January 2024

Spectrum aliasing in off-axis digital holography may result in poor image reconstruction quality. This study proposes a method to eliminate the zero-order spectrum and enhance image quality based on Kramers-Kronig relations and phase background fitting. The Kramers-Kronig relations are employed to derive the quotient of the complex wavefront of object and the reference beam, and phase background fitting is performed in a compensatory way to yield the object complex wavefront. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via simulations and experiments. The results show significantly improved off-axis digital holographic microscopy reconstruction quality, making the proposed method a promising option for holographic microscopy imaging.
Optimizing broadband antireflection with Au micropatterns: a combined FDTD simulation and two-beam LIL approach
Authors: Saeed Sadaf , Zia Ali , Liu Ri , Liu Dongdong , Cao Liang , Wang Zuobin
Published: January 2024

Broadband antireflection (AR) is highly significant in a wide range of optical applications, and using a gold (Au) micropattern presents a viable method for controlling the behavior of light propagation. This study investigates a novel, to the best of our knowledge, methodology to achieve broadband AR properties in Au micropatterns. It employed the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to simulate and optimize the design of micropatterns. In contrast, the fabrication of Au micropatterns was carried out using two-beam laser interference lithography (LIL). The fabricated Au micropatterns were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectroscope to validate their antireflection and transmission properties and evaluate their performance at various wavelengths. The optimized Au micropatterns had a high transmittance rating of 96.2%. In addition, the device exhibits a broad-spectrum antireflective property, covering wavelengths ranging from 400 to 1100 nm. The simulation data and experimentally derived results show comparable patterns. These structures can potentially be employed in many optical devices, such as solar cells and photodetectors, whereby achieving optimal device performance reduced reflection and enhanced light absorption.
High-accuracy 3D segmentation of wet age-related macular degeneration via multi-scale and cross-channel feature extraction and channel attention
Authors: Li Meixuan , Shen Yadan , Wu Renxiong , Huang Shaoyan , Zheng Fei , Chen Sizhu , Wang Rong , Dong Wentao , Zhong Jie , Ni Guangming , Liu Yong
Published: January 2024

Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and vision loss in the elderly, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables revolving biotissue three-dimensional micro-structure widely used to diagnose and monitor wet AMD lesions. Many wet AMD segmentation methods based on deep learning have achieved good results, but these segmentation results are two-dimensional, and cannot take full advantage of OCT's three-dimensional (3D) imaging characteristics. Here we propose a novel deep-learning network characterizing multi-scale and cross-channel feature extraction and channel attention to obtain high-accuracy 3D segmentation results of wet AMD lesions and show the 3D specific morphology, a task unattainable with traditional two-dimensional segmentation. This probably helps to understand the ophthalmologic disease and provides great convenience for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of wet AMD.
Subnatural-linewidth fluorescent single photons
Authors: Zhang He-Bin , Li Gao-Xiang , Liu Yong-Chun
Published: January 2024

Subnatural-linewidth single photons are of vital importance in quantum optics and quantum information science. According to previous research, it appears difficult to utilize resonance fluorescence to generate single photons with subnatural linewidth. Here we propose a universally applicable approach to generate fluorescent single photons with subnatural linewidth, which can be implemented based on Λ-shape and similar energy structures. Further, the general condition to obtain fluorescent single photons with subnatural linewidth is revealed. The single-photon linewidth can be easily manipulated over a broad range by external fields, which can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the natural linewidth. Our study can be easily implemented in various physical platforms with current experimental techniques and will significantly facilitate the research on the quantum nature of resonance fluorescence and the technologies in quantum information science.
Airborne transmission risks of tuberculosis and COVID-19 in schools in South Africa, Switzerland, and Tanzania: Modeling of environmental data
Authors: Banholzer Nicolas , Schmutz Remo , Middelkoop Keren , Hella Jerry , Egger Matthias , Wood Robin , Fenner Lukas
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic renewed interest in airborne transmission of respiratory infections, particularly in congregate indoor settings, such as schools. We modeled transmission risks of tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb) and COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) in South African, Swiss and Tanzanian secondary schools. We estimated the risks of infection with the Wells-Riley equation, expressed as the median with 2.5% and 97.5% quantiles (credible interval [CrI]), based on the ventilation rate and the duration of exposure to infectious doses (so-called quanta). We computed the air change rate (ventilation) using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a tracer gas and modeled the quanta generation rate based on reported estimates from the literature. The share of infectious students in the classroom is determined by country-specific estimates of pulmonary TB. For SARS-CoV-2, the number of infectious students was estimated based on excess mortality to mitigate the bias from country-specific reporting and testing. Average CO2 concentration (parts per million [ppm]) was 1,610 ppm in South Africa, 1,757 ppm in Switzerland, and 648 ppm in Tanzania. The annual risk of infection for Mtb was 22.1% (interquartile range [IQR] 2.7%-89.5%) in South Africa, 0.7% (IQR 0.1%-6.4%) in Switzerland, and 0.5% (IQR 0.0%-3.9%) in Tanzania. For SARS-CoV-2, the monthly risk of infection was 6.8% (IQR 0.8%-43.8%) in South Africa, 1.2% (IQR 0.1%-8.8%) in Switzerland, and 0.9% (IQR 0.1%-6.6%) in Tanzania. The differences in transmission risks primarily reflect a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 and particularly prevalence of TB in South Africa, but also higher air change rates due to better natural ventilation of the classrooms in Tanzania. Global comparisons of the modeled risk of infectious disease transmission in classrooms can provide high-level information for policy-making regarding appropriate infection control strategies.
Sociocultural understanding of Tuberculosis and implications for care-seeking among adults in the province of Zambezia, Mozambique: Qualitative research
Authors: Give Celso , Morris Chrissie , Murray Joanna , José Benedita , Machava Raimundo , Wayal Sonali
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Mozambique has a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB) with an incidence of 368 per 100,000 population in 2020, coupled with a low all-form TB detection rate. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated delays in timely diagnosis and treatment of new TB cases. Promoting active TB case finding is a national priority in Mozambique. We conducted qualitative research to explore factors influencing TB testing in Zambezia province in Mozambique.

Materials and methods

One-to-one, semi-structured, audio-recorded telephone interviews were conducted to explore TB-related knowledge, and barriers and facilitators to TB testing. A sample of two TB Program staff, two community providers of TB services, and 19 community members (10 women and 9 men) was recruited, with support from provincial government TB staff, from four districts in Zambezia with a high TB burden. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was conducted. The Mozambican National Bioethics Committee for Health approved the study protocol.

Results

Our study highlights that knowledge about TB symptoms and its causes is low, which could delay timely TB testing. Sociocultural beliefs often implicate certain types of sexual activity and women as causes of TB symptoms; for example, having sex with a widow who has not been traditionally purified, or with a woman who has had an abortion. Therefore, people usually tend to first seek care from traditional healers instead of going to a health facility. Additionally, stigma associated with HIV and TB also delays care seeking. Gender-related disparities in TB care seeking were also evident.

Conclusions

This study provides valuable insights into how healthcare seeking for TB is influenced by sociocultural understanding of symptoms and gender dynamics. Therefore, interventions to promote timely and appropriate care seeking for TB should be contextually tailored, culturally appropriate, and gender sensitive.
High gain differentiator based neuro-adaptive arbitrary order sliding mode control design for MPE of standalone wind power system
Authors: Ali Ammar , Khan Qudrat , Ullah Safeer , Waqar Asad , Hua Lyu-Guang , Bouazzi Imen , Jun Liu Jun
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller for standalone Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG). The primary novelty of our controller lies in its implementation of an Arbitrary Order Sliding Mode Control (AOSMC) to effectively overcome the challenges caused by the measurement noise in the system. The considered model is transformed into a control-convenient input-output form. Additionally, we enhance the control methodology by simultaneously incorporating Feedforward Neural Networks (FFNN) and a high-gain differentiator (HGO), further improving the system performance. The FFNN estimates critical nonlinear functions, such as the drift term and input channel, whereas the HGO estimates higher derivatives of the system outputs, which are subsequently fed back to the control inputs. HGO reduces sensor noise sensitivity, rendering the control law more practical. To validate the proposed novel control technique, we conduct comprehensive simulation experiments compared against established literature results in a MATLAB environment, confirming its exceptional effectiveness in maximizing power extraction in standalone wind energy applications.
India
Authors: Mysore Sumukh , Cardozo Elloit , Ingle Yatindra
Published: January 2024

This article provides a brief overview of Hip Hop’s evolution in India. The first of two parts in the article trace the trajectory of Hip Hop and rap in India over the last three decades. The part that follows picks up on Smokey’s interview with Cardozo from this journal’s inaugural issue to discuss how Hip Hop in India has grown from mere imitation to innovation, to eventually become an industry in its own right. In doing this, we reflect on a simple question: will Indian Hip Hop ever go from being a native industry to evolving into a lasting subgenre of its own?
Community radio and post-conflict peace building: A study of Orisun 89.5 FM in Ife–Modakeke, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Emovwodo Silas Oghenemaro , Adedimeji Mahfouz A. , Saud Muhammad , Ida Rachmah
Published: January 2024

In times of conflict or tragedy, radio is essential, especially in underdeveloped nations where the collapse of other communication infrastructure may make radio the sole dependable source of information. This study assessed the extent to which community radio has contributed to the peacebuilding efforts after the Ife–Modakeke conflict in Nigeria, by investigating to ascertain listeners’ perceptions and adoption of the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism in managing the conflict to avoid a violent escalation. The study applied in-depth interviews and collected data with questionnaires. The findings of the study suggested that the inhabitants of Ife and Modakeke listened intensely to and were aware of the conflict resolution programme on one of the popular radio stations, Orisun 89.5 FM. People also used and knew others, who used the radio programme ‘ADR mechanism’ on the radio to resolve the conflict and avoid violent escalation. Since it was the only peacebuilding programme, the study found that this radio programme was an effective peacebuilding tool in the Ife–Modakeke society. The study recommended that such a good effort should be broadcast more often for further heightened awareness of its diverse listeners.
The working class in contemporary British cinema
Authors: Trifonova Temenuga
Published: January 2024

This article examines depictions of class and precarity in a number of representative films, including TwentyFourSeven (Meadows 1997), The Navigators (Loach 2001), This Is England (Meadows 2006), It’s a Free World (Loach 2007), Fish Tank (Arnold 2009), I, Daniel Blake (Loach 2016), Ray & Liz (Billingham 2018), Sorry We Missed You (Loach 2019) and Bait (Jenkin 2019) in order to illuminate the subtle changes that the tradition of British social realism has undergone over the last few decades and to rethink its political potential. The article poses the following questions: do social realist films endow their precarious subjects with agency or do they depict them as passive victims of socio-economic and political forces beyond their control? What new potential conditions of solidarity (if any) do the films envision? What are the dominant affective states that capture the dynamic of precarity in these films: anxiety, frustration, depression, anger, resentment or resignation?
Naked, authentic, classless? Reading Naked Attraction
Authors: Waitz Thomas
Published: January 2024

At first glance, Naked Attraction seems to be another example of a type of reality television that is often criticised as ‘voyeuristic’, ‘tasteless’ or transgressing bourgeois boundaries of shame. In this article, however, I want to show how class differences that play a vital part in reality television, are made invisible with great effort and translated into questions of ‘authenticity’, ‘privacy’ and supposedly classless forms of ‘desire’. The argument is developed in three steps. First, I outline my theoretical approach, which combines a material and symbolic understanding of class. Building on this, I will show that the connection between seemingly ‘private’ and ‘intimate’ spheres of life and the fabrication of class, which is central to Naked Attraction, is based on a structural relationship. In the third section, I analyse Naked Attraction in more detail, suggesting that the programme can be read as the (doomed) notion of a seemingly ‘classless’ society. This is where the class politics of the show (and, more broadly, of contemporary neo-liberal imaginaries since New Labour) can be found.
The portraits of disease
Authors: Musquiqui Chihying
Published: January 2024

‘The portraits of disease’ explores the link between the symbolic use of diseases and the propagation of ideologies. It traces the origins of the term ‘Sick Man of Asia’ back to British newspapers in the mid-eighteenth century and its development into a metaphor for actual pathogens. The author contends that coloniality and pathogens share similarities, as both are highly transmissible and cannot be seen with the naked eye. The text also examines the influence of German-influenced microbiological research in the Japanese Empire on the expansion of public health methods and institutions in Taiwan, Korea and north-eastern China. This study calls for a broader conversation about the intersections between science, ideology and power in our contemporary global context.
Le rôle des traités internationaux en France dans la criminalisation de la violence sur les mers du Ponant (fin XIIIe – début XVIe siècle)
Authors: Pretou Pierre , Bochaca Michel
Published: January 2024

Le droit souverain français demeure longtemps incertain quant à la qualification des infractions commises en mer. Ni la doctrine, ni la jurisprudence, ne parviennent à qualifier nettement les faits maritimes, ce qui explique, par exemple, que les ordonnances des Valois ne surent pas institutionnaliser le crime de piraterie avant la fin du Moyen Âge. Or, malgré l’essor de la stigmatisation de ces faits dans le contexte d’un essor du contrôle des rivages et des conflits avec l’Angleterre, l’historien constate des décennies d’hésitations légales qui ne s’estompent que dans la seconde moitié du xve siècle. Au final, si des actes souverains criminalisent des faits commis en mer, c’est par une modalité de traités initiés par les rois avec les couronnes voisines de Castille, de Portugal et d’Angleterre.
¿Competencia institucional, abuso de poder o mala praxis? Vínculos entre la piratería y los círculos de poder en la Corona de Aragón bajomedieval
Authors: Burguera i Puigserver Victòria A.
Published: January 2024

El estudio de la delincuencia y de la conflictividad en los mares de la Corona de Aragón bajomedieval pone de manifiesto tres cuestiones principales: la relación entre las diversas instituciones de poder con la práctica de la violencia marítima; la ambigüedad del uso de la palabra pirata y piratería en la Edad Media, y su asociación con los propios patrones autóctonos de los territorios a los que atacan. El presente artículo ejemplifica esta triple problemática a través de la reconstrucción de la actividad marítima de uno de los personajes más próximos al monarca Alfonso el Magnánimo: Galcerán de Requesens.
La alcaldía de la mar de Sanlúcar de Barrameda (ss. XV-XVII)
Authors: Parejo Fernández Luis
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo aborda las competencias que tuvieron los alcaldes de la mar de Sanlúcar de Barrameda durante los siglos XVI y XVII partiendo de las ordenanzas de la casa ducal de Medina Sidonia y un pleito que el propietario de un navío de la Carrera de Indias puso contra el alcalde de la mar de Sanlúcar y uno de los pilotos de la barra por haber entrado y sacado sin permiso un cajón de cochinilla.
Esclavitud y delincuencia en las islas Canarias del Quinientos
Authors: Rivero Zerpa Cristian Manuel
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo analiza los diversos delitos protagonizados por la población esclava asentada en las Islas Canarias, así como la intervención de las autoridades locales en materia legislativa y la aplicación de castigos por parte de las instituciones pertinentes. El alzamiento constituyó la principal forma de manifestación contra el sistema de dominación que sometía a la población esclava, es decir, era el método comúnmente utilizado por los esclavos para mostrar su rechazo y resistencia a la condición que le habían impuesto. Sin embargo, los hurtos también forman parte de los delitos comunes cometidos por los esclavos cuyos beneficios eran destinados a costear su liberación.
Los guardas del contrabando: tabaco, violencia y represión ante el traslado de aduanas en las provincias vascas (1711-1718)
Authors: González Trueba Eloy
Published: January 2024

En este artículo se analiza el papel que los guardas responsables de garantizar el resguardo de la Real Renta del Tabaco tuvieron en los territorios vascos entre el final de la guerra de Sucesión y el traslado de aduanas a la costa. Se analizará cuál fue su impacto en espacios portuarios y de interior y el cariz violento que adquirieron sus enfrentamientos con los contrabandistas. Prestaremos especial atención a la construcción discursiva en torno a estos oficiales desde las comunidades locales y las instituciones de gobierno provincial.
Le contrôle des navires anglais et la défense de la souveraineté monétaire à Alicante (1717)
Authors: Caporossi Olivier
Published: January 2024

Le procès pour contrebande monétaire qu’intenta le juge Felipe Bolifón contre Timotheo Marsal à Alicante (1715) montre la difficulté des justices à réprimer la fraude à la lumière du traité d’Utrecht. Le nouveau rôle des Anglais dans le trafic des monnaies entre la Méditerranée et l’Atlantique à partir de Cadix, mettait en péril la sécurité maritime et celle des frontières, menaçant de créer un scandale diplomatique. L’étude de ce cas nous permet de comprendre les concurrences des normes juridiques mobilisées par chaque partie et leurs conséquences sur la délinquance maritime.
Polizones, indocumentados, mendigos y turistas: delincuencia portuaria y pánico moral en la ciudad de Las Palmas durante el primer tercio del siglo XX
Authors: Suárez Pérez Aarón , Márquez Quevedo Javier
Published: January 2024

En el presente artículo se estudiarán las formaciones discursivas que desde la prensa, entre 1900 y 1930, construyeron distintos objetos sociales en torno a la concepción de la delincuencia portuaria acaecida en el Puerto de La Luz, en la ciudad de Las Palmas. El periodo abordado comienza con la puesta en funcionamiento de esta infraestructura marítima a escala internacional y atraviesa sus ciclos de auge y declive en ese primer tercio secular, determinados por el estallido de la Gran Guerra. Esas coyunturas materiales hicieron emerger una serie de figuras que, como el polizón o el mendigo, se subjetivaron discursivamente en la prensa bajo la forma de enemigos sociales y biológicos de la población nativa y del turista respectivamente, lo que auspiciaría la demanda de sendas campañas de saneamiento en los medios de prensa liberales.
Big Data Analysis on News and Civil Complaint Trends Related to Hazardous Chemical Handling Facilities
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Ryu Tae In , Jo Seungbum
Published: January 2024

Since the 2013 revision of the Toxic Chemicals Management Act to the Chemical Substances Control Act, the evaluation of how internal and external environmental changes affect legal systems for facilities handling hazardous chemicals is crucial for prospective system enhancements. Through an analysis of news and civil complaints from 2014 to 2023, it was observed that both external news and internal civil complaints related to handling facilities peaked in 2019, declining as the legal system stabilized. News trends were tracked using Term Frequency(TF), while civil complaints were assessed using TF-IDF (Inverse Document Frequency) to identify significant keywords. The entity name analysis algorithm, Structured Support Vector Machine, was applied to investigate keyword relationships. Among the notices concerning handling facilities, civil complaints related to small quantity standards and small quantity handling facilities were the highest. Inquiries regarding damage reduction facility standards, such as bund walls and detectors, ranked prominently, suggesting a need for policy service improvements in this area.
Application of Optimization Algorithms for Leakage Identification for Data Sparse Old Town
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kang Seul Gi , Jung Jin Woo , Byeon Seong Joon
Published: January 2024

Numerous cities developed in the 20th century have a Water Distribution Network(WDN) with decade-old pipes. Aging pipelines can leak with lower the water revenue ratio, thus resulting in waste and economic losses. In this study, new methods for localizing leakage in WDNs are proposed and tested. Two meta-heuristic methods based on Harmony Search(HS) and Genetic Algorithm(GA) are developed to detect leakage of WDNs through an evaluation of emitter coefficients. The old town of G-Town in South Korea has a 50-year-old WDN and a low water revenue ratio. High quality field measurements in G-Town allowed detailed testing of optimization methods based on emitter coefficients for leakage detection. As a result, both GA and HS yielded comparable outputs. The HS method performed with slightly better accuracy in minimizing the objective function than GA after about 1,000 iterations. Leakage detection becomes fairly accurate after approximately 30 minutes of optimization and pipe networks with more than 100 pipes and 50 nodes require more iterations and calculation time.
The Case Study of Major Autonomous Police System and Analysis of Latest Trends: Focusing on the U.S., British and Japanese Autonomous Police
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Won Hee
Published: January 2024

This study analyzed the background and characteristics of the self-governing police system, the status of self-governing police operations (organization, budget, office work, etc.), the composition and role of the police committee, cases of self-governing police, and recent trends, and presented policy implications and directions for the development and efficient operation of the self-governing police system. In Korea, above all, there is a lack of organizations, manpower, office work, and financial research that can implement autonomy and accountability, so it is necessary to derive practical application plans through more detailed consideration of how the autonomous police operate in the future. However, the recent common information related to autonomous police in each country suggested that it is important to operate scientific security and civic participation in the development of information and communication technology, that is, to operate a linkage program with the community, and to establish various governance systems for crime prevention and security activities.
Comparison of Online Responses to Media Reports Through Big Data: Focusing on Reports of Idol Suicide
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Choi Jun Seok , Kang Hye Bin , Koh Eun Young
Published: January 2024

In this study, we examined the relationship between internet news reports of celebrity suicides and public's online reactions. We used big data from news reports and social media related with the first and most recent suicides of two idols since the revision of the suicide Reporting Guidelines 3.0. About 14,000 data were collected by TEXTOM, and TF-IDF and CONCOR analyses were conducted on the collected data. The analysis showed that, first, such terms as “suicide” or suicidal language that might pose a risk were not found in the titles and content of internet news reports after Suicide Reporting Guideline 3.0 was released, but the recommendation encouraging the inclusion of suicide prevention-related content was not followed. Second, we found that the internet news and online reactions showed similar patterns, with similar clustering at each time point, i.e., when sensitive information appeared many times in internet news, similar sensitive information appeared in the online responses. Based on the findings, we made practical suggestions for suicide prevention.
The Effects of Media Literacy and Grit on Self-Directed Learning among Nursing Students
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Park Mi Kyung
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing self-directed learning among nursing students, specifically focusing on media literacy and grit. The research design employed in this study was a descriptive survey, utilizing convenience sampling. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires completed by 173 nursing students in D city. The collected data were analyzed using mean, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/Win 23.0 program. Self-directed learning exhibited a significant positive correlation with media literacy (r = .38, p < .001) and grit (r = .69, p <.001). The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that grit (β = .63, p < .001), media literacy (β = .33, p < .001) and satisfaction in majors (β = .12, p = .023) were significant predictors, explaining 59% of selfdirected learning. The results of this study highlight that media literacy and grit significantly impact the selfdirected learning of nursing students. These findings suggest a need for developing self-directed learning education programs aimed at improving grit, media literacy, and satisfaction in majors for nursing students.
Modification of the Floating Body Stability Formula Based on the Boat Overturn Case
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Hwang Sung Kyu , Shin Jae Whan , Jang Jong Hwan , Park Gap Cheol
Published: January 2024

In this research, we initially sought to apply the 'floating body stability equation' traditionally taught in hydrostatics to analyze the stability conditions of a vessel. However, we found that the existing equation was inadequate for interpreting situations where a vessel has capsized. Consequently, this study developed an improved equation by eliminating some unrealistic assumptions and incorporating the phenomenon of increased buoyancy width when the boat tilts. We compared the 'floating body stability equation' with this enhanced version, focusing on tilt angles and buoyancy changes. The improved equation indicates capsizing at tilt angles exceeding 23°, a significant revision from the original equation which deemed angles up to 45° as safe. Although the revised equation seems more reflective of real-world conditions, it is based on a single case study with a simple cuboid boat, so further tests and verification are needed for broader applicability.
A Preliminary Study on the Direction of Police Policy in the Introduction of Autonomous Police System: Focusing on Daegu Metropolitan City
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Heo A Rang
Published: January 2024

This study focused on Daegu city's police policy and suggested the it's direction to the autonomous police system. The proposed policy direction in this study basically focuses on establishing citizen-centered police governance. Four major police policy directions are suggested by combining strategies for the three main areas of autonomous police affairs: life safety, women and youth, and traffic. These four major policies are as follow: realization of a safe city for residents, strengthening the protection of the disaster vulnerable, strengthening communication and cooperation between institutions to improve perceived safety, and the establishment of a police system that combines new technologies. However, this study has limitations in generalizing the research results due to its focus on specific cities. Follow-up studies in the future could contribute to the stable establishment of the autonomous police system and further development of the overall system.
Psychometric Proprieties of the Arabic Version of the Perceived Preoperative Nursing Care Competence Scale for Nursing Students (PPreCC-NS)
Authors:   Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid, Jordan., Etoom Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background: Enhancing the quality of patient treatment and safety relies heavily on nursing students’ preoperative competence, making it an essential component of their education. The Perceived Preoperative Nursing Care Competence Scale for Nursing Students (PPreCC-NS) has been created in English to assess the preoperative competence of nursing students. Hence, translation and evaluation of the psychometric proprieties of the PPreCC-NS scale in the Arabic context are pivotal. Purpose: To examine the psychometric proprieties of the Arabic version of the Perceived Preoperative Nursing Care Competence Scale for Nursing Students (PPreCC-NS). Methods: A descriptive, crosssectional study was carried out on 202 nursing students using an online questionnaire. The students’ selection was based on the probability simple random sampling technique. The international guidelines were followed in the translation of the PPreCC-NS. The psychometric proprieties and internal consistency were assessed using exploratory factor analysis and reliability tests. Results: Five factors were extracted by the exploratory factor analysis, with 22 final items. The obtained factor structure explained 62.71% of the variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the five domains ranged between 0.70 and 0.85, whereas the overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was greater than 0.7. Conclusion: The translated questionnaire demonstrated valid and reliable psychometric properties when administered to nursing students. The translated preoperative nursing care competence measure for nursing students is thought to be used to assess perceived preoperative nursing students’ competence in the Arab region. Implications for Nursing: The findings could be valuable for nursing educators, nursing managers, and decisionmakers in devising efficient strategies to improve preoperative nursing care. Further research studies are essential to understand factors influencing the level of understanding among nursing students in relation to preoperative nursing care. Keywords: Preoperative care, Competence, Nursing students, Exploratory factor analysis, Psychometric proprieties.
Coursebook Writers’ Orientations towards ELF: The Case of Coursebooks used in a Private University
Authors: KATIRCI Sibel , KARAKAŞ Ali
Published: January 2024

Coursebooks used in English language teaching play a significant roles for language learners. One way of determining whether the current status of English in language teaching, that is, English as a lingua franca (ELF), is taken into account in the globalized world is through coursebook analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine how listening, speaking and video sections of two intermediate level coursebooks used in a preparatory program of a private university in Turkey are approached in respect of ELF principles in the teaching of English. This descriptive research, based on a qualitative and quantitative content analysis, was conducted using Rose and Galloway’s (2019) framework for coursebook analysis. The findings demonstrate that in one of the coursebooks, ELF interaction was higher than the other regarding listening recordings, and there was only one video representing an ELF interaction in both of the coursebooks. RP (Standard British English) was the core reference in the listening files and videos. Cross-cultural and global topics were chiefly included in the speaking tasks; however, there was a lack of multi-cultural topics addressed within the books. Speaking activities included mainly the strategy of turn-taking and only two clarification communicative strategies, but guided speaking tasks were in contradiction with ELF features. The findings offer practical implications for coursebook designers/writers, curriculum designers and language teachers.