bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AND HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES AMONG HOUSEWIVES
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Abdullah Erlina , Haq Muhammad Zia Ul , Rahim Shabana
Published: December 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a common health issue that can be acute or chronic, affecting bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves. Housewives, as integral contributors to household functioning, often engage in repetitive, physically demanding tasks that predispose them to musculoskeletal pain. Despite their significant role, limited research has been conducted to explore the impact of prolonged household activities on musculoskeletal health, particularly in regions like Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Understanding this relationship is essential to inform preventive strategies and improve their quality of life.
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain and household activities among housewives, focusing on its prevalence, affected anatomical sites, and relationship with the duration of household tasks.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 384 housewives from Bahawalpur City over three months, from December 2022 to February 2023. Data collection utilized the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and a self-structured questionnaire. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling to include housewives actively engaged in household activities. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Variables such as household tasks, pain intensity, and time spent on activities were examined to determine correlations and statistical significance.
Results: The study revealed that cooking (90.4%), dishwashing (78.1%), chopping (68.2%), sweeping (61.2%), and washing clothes (66.4%) were the most frequently reported household activities. Pain predominantly affected the low back (62.2%), shoulder (52.6%), and neck (45.1%). Pain intensity assessment showed that 52.9% of participants experienced moderate pain, 30.2% reported mild pain, and 16.9% suffered severe pain. Time spent on household activities showed a significant correlation with pain severity, with prolonged working hours (>8 hours) being associated with severe pain (p=0.00).
Conclusion: The study concluded that musculoskeletal pain is significantly associated with prolonged household activities among housewives, with the low back, shoulder, and neck being the most commonly affected regions. These findings underscore the need for ergonomic interventions and preventive measures to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in this population.
Nature of University Students: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experience, Self-Blaming and Criminogenic Cognitions
Authors: Tariq Maira , Tariq Shahnila
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current study aimed at exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, self-blaming and criminogenic cognitions in university students.
Methodology: For this purpose, a cross-sectional research strategy was used to assess the prevalence of adverse childhood experience, self-blaming and criminogenic cognitions in university students. Data was collected from 200 university students using convenient sampling. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic findings and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE), self-blaming and criminogenic cognition.
Findings: The findings show that there is a negative correlation among the variables that are adverse childhood experience (ACEs), Self-Blaming (SB) and Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS). It means that there is less likelihood that adverse childhood experience and self-blaming can cause criminogenic cognitions in students. However, there was a significance that was found with a subscale Failure of Accept Responsibility (FAR) of Criminogenic Cognitions Scale (CCS) with regard to independent variables.
Conclusion: Study concluded that the culture and the society of the country Pakistan could greatly influence how such experiences might be received and in turn affect a person. Strong families and community support in Pakistan might prevent the ACEs, such as developing the thinking that leads to criminality. These cultural factors may also decrease the ‘self-blame attitude’ which, in turn, does not directly imply a link and explain why there was no association with criminogenic thinking.
Fomento del turismo sostenible a través de la educación: Exploración de la interacción entre cultura y derechos humanos
Authors: Becerra Moreno Omar , Becerra Moreno Tzitzi Erandi , Becerra Santacruz Zoe , Ayala Arias Francisco Miguel
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio examina el vínculo entre el turismo sostenible y la formación emprendedora en Michoacán, analizando su efecto en el fomento del crecimiento económico regional y la colaboración internacional. Se subraya el papel crucial del sector turístico como motor de desarrollo local y generador de oportunidades laborales, así como su conexión con la capacitación en emprendimiento y la innovación. La investigación profundiza en la relevancia de una formación con enfoque intercultural para impulsar un turismo sostenible en Michoacán, que fomente el aprecio y la consideración de la diversidad cultural y lingüística. Asimismo, se evalúa la trascendencia de la cooperación global en la evolución del turismo michoacano, y cómo esta se relaciona con la promoción de intercambios académicos e iniciativas de investigación colaborativa. El estudio hace hincapié en la necesidad de implementar un modelo de gestión turística participativa en Michoacán, que integre de manera armónica a diversos actores, incluyendo gobiernos locales, comunidades indígenas y empresas del sector. Como conclusión, se plantea que la educación emprendedora y el fomento de un turismo sostenible pueden constituir estrategias eficaces para impulsar el desarrollo económico local y fortalecer la cooperación internacional en la región michoacana.
ENTRE PRESSIONS ECONOMIQUES ET ATTENTES SOCIALES : ANALYSE DES CAUSES DU DIVORCE A BAMAKO
Authors: MOUNKORO Ismaïla
Published: December 2024

In the study titled "Between Economic Pressures and Social Expectations: Analyzing the Causes of Divorce in Bamako," we adopted a mixed-methodology approach, using two primary instruments for data collection: questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A descriptive questionnaire composed of two Likert-scale items was developed to collect perceived causes of divorce, and an interview guide with five items was addressed to five purposefully selected individuals. This approach allowed us to gather both broad and deeply nuanced perspectives on economic factors, communication challenges, discrepancies between marital expectations and realities, as well as the impact of social norms and gender roles. The results reveal that, while economic difficulties and communication problems are perceived as the main catalysts for divorce, sociocultural influences and unrealistic expectations also exacerbate marital tensions. Based on these findings, the article offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and the general community, suggesting targeted interventions to improve household financial stability, enhance couples' communication skills, and encourage critical reflection on oppressive social norms. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a multidimensional approach to address the complexities of divorce in Bamako, emphasizing the interconnectedness of individual, relational, and societal factors.
ENJEUX INFORMATIQUES DE LA DIGITALISATION DE L’ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE : PROPOSITION D’UNE ARCHITECTURE DE SYSTEME INFORMATIQUE POUR L’ACCES AU CASIER JUDICIAIRE ET AU CERTIFICAT DE NATIONALITE AU MALI
Authors:   Institut Universitaire de Développement Territorial (IUDT), Université des Sciences Sociales et de Gestion de Bamako (USSGB), Bamako, Mali, DIARRA Djibril , COULIBALY Solemane ,   Institut Universitaire de Formation Professionnelle (IUFP), Université de Ségou, Ségou, Mali, DOUMBIA Bougadari ,   Institut Universitaire de Développement Territorial (IUDT), Université des Sciences Sociales et de Gestion de Bamako (USSGB), Bamako, Mali
Published: December 2024

The digitalization of work procedures has become an essential change for organizations to stay up to date and respond effectively to their needs. It consists of digital transformation, that means the integration of digital technology into all of the activities of organizations: in their services, their processes, but also in their strategies. It allows to cope the customers new needs and behaviors created by digital evolution, and characterized by the quest for promptness, efficiency and performance. For this purpose, public administration must not remain on the sidelines of this new era that can allow to serve citizens fairly and efficiently, and then reduce or even eliminate illegal practices such as corruption and favoritism.
However, it is the clear that the degree of digitalization of the Malian administration is still low despite all its advantages. We propose to carry out a reflection on the IT challenges of the digitalization of the Malian administration firstly. In light of an analysis of the existing literature, we highlight the obstacles hindering the digitalization of public administration and its success factors secondarily. We end with a case study by proposing a conceptual architecture of a platform for the diligent management of criminal records and nationality certificates in Mali.
Consequencialismo Jurídico no Direito Administrativo Brasileiro
Authors: Aragão Yan Cavalcanti
Published: December 2024

O artigo busca analisar a mudança de paradigma filosófico que a alteração da LINDB, enquanto norma sobre normas, com a inclusão de normas sobre segurança jurídica e eficiência na criação e na aplicação do direito público, tenta implementar no Direito Administrativo. Para tanto, inicia pela contextualização e descrição das principais normas da LINDB (Decreto-Lei n. 4.657/42). Em seguida, passa-se a analisar as alterações realizadas com a publicação da Lei n. 13.655/2018, descrevendo os principais artigos acrescidos e seus impactos pretendidos no ordenamento. Por fim, como medida de compreender o real sentido da norma, analisa-se o viés filosófico no qual se basearam as mudanças propostas pelo legislador, bem como a adequação da norma, como editada, ao que se propõe. Para isso, vale-se de pesquisa bibliográfica ampla em obras e publicações científicas nos ramos do Direito Civil e Direito Administrativo, principalmente.
La PAC post 2023: Límites de diseño y condicionantes de la aplicación de sus Planes Estratégicos para el logro de los objetivos del Pacto Verde
Authors: Massot Marti Albert
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza los límites de la nueva Política Agrícola Común (PAC) para lograr los objetivos del Pacto Verde en tres vertientes: la «dispersión de esfuerzos» que provoca la flexibilidad reconocida a las autoridades nacionales en la elaboración de los Planes Estratégicos; el irregular ritmo de elaboración y adopción de las iniciativas legislativas del Pacto Verde; y los heterogéneos «resultados» a esperar de la deficiente inserción de las metas del Pacto Verde en la PAC. El artículo termina analizando el informe final del «diálogo estratégico sobre el futuro de la agricultura» y explora algunas ideas-fuerza para la PAC post 2028.
Analysis of EU investment on rural development and its impact on Portuguese rural regions in the period 2011-2021
Authors: Abreu Isabel , Mourato Joaquim , Mesías Francisco J.
Published: December 2024

EU's rural areas are an essential part of the European way of life, covering more than 75 % of the Union's territory and housing over 25 % of its population. However, they experience major imbalances compared to urban areas. Thus, it is important to analyse whether EU's rural development (RD) policy is effective in promoting the development of rural areas. This study uses a RD index for 9 Portuguese NUTS 3 regions, with data from 2011 and 2021. The results are then compared with the financial support delivered by EU funds and show their impact on RD in Portugal.
Un estudio cualitativo sobre la percepción de los canales cortos de comercialización de alimentos a través de grupos de discusión con productores y consumidores
Authors: Mesías Francisco J. , Diaz-Caro Carlos , Sama-Berrocal Celia , Crespo-Cebada Eva , Aguado-Gragera Clementina
Published: December 2024

La investigación analiza la percepción de los consumidores sobre los canales cortos de comercialización de alimentos (CCCA) y los desafíos para productores. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo, se realizaron 12 grupos de discusión en diversas poblaciones españolas, lo que permitió identificar ventajas de los CCCA, como la calidad del producto y el trato personalizado. No obstante, se detecta un desconocimiento significativo entre los consumidores, especialmente en áreas urbanas. Los productores resaltan la necesidad de apoyo público y estrategias efectivas para mejorar la visibilidad y superar los desafíos de la comercialización directa, destacando la capacidad de los CCCA para revitalizar el comercio.
Opresión, desigualdad e Inteligencia artificial
Authors: Martínez Suárez Yolanda
Published: December 2024

En un tiempo de profundos cambios en nuestra manera de vivir y convivir, como los operados por la digitalización actual, la filosofía política se presenta como una herramienta que nos permite aproximarnos a la revolución tecnológica de la inteligencia artificial desde una perspectiva crítica y emancipatoria. Desde una posición situada, en este artículo, se reflexionará sobre las desigualdades ante las que nos sitúa el cambio, apuntando las posibilidades. Para ello, se aplicarán las cinco categorías operacionales de Young (explotación, marginación, carencia de poder, imperialismo cultural y violencia) a la inteligencia artificial, lo que nos permitirá diagnosticar las injusticias, y señalar las posibles soluciones. Desde una perspectiva feminista se pondrá en cuestión la supuesta neutralidad de la IA y se analizarán los efectos, intencionados o no, de la digitalización de la sociedad. Concluyendo con la necesidad de proponer una serie de cambios que nos aproximen a una digitalización más inclusiva.
Based on true stories. Introducción
Authors: Lacalle Charo , Dusi Nicola
Published: December 2024

Introducción al Dossier.
Lizel Tornay, Victoria Álvarez, Fabricio Laino Sanchís y Mariana Paganini (comps.) Arte y memoria. Abordajes múltiples en la elaboración de experiencias difíciles
Authors: Arakaki Yasuda C. Inés
Published: December 2024

Reseña
Il lascito di Ferdinando Zuccotti alla romanistica italiana nello specchio degli ‘Scripta extravagantia’ in sua memoria
Authors: Botta Fabio
Published: December 2024

Abstract Presentation of I. FARGNOLI (cur.), Scripta extravagantia. Studi in ricordo di Ferdinando Zuccotti, Milan, 2024, the main purpose of which is to find out how much of Ferdinando Zuccotti’s scientific work, his human involvement and academic activity are reflected in contemporary Romanistic production whose collection of essays in his honour is exemplary.
Rearrangement of 3D genome organization in breast cancer epithelial - mesenchymal transition and metastasis organotropism
Authors: Das Priyojit , San Martin Rebeca , Hong Tian , McCord Rachel Patton
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer cells exhibit organotropism during metastasis, showing preferential homing to certain organs such as bone, lung, liver, and brain. One potential explanation for this organotropic behavior is that cancer cells gain properties that enable thriving in certain microenvironments. Such specific metastatic traits may arise from gene regulation at the primary tumor site. Spatial genome organization plays a crucial role in oncogenic transformation and progression, but the extent to which chromosome architecture contributes to organ-specific metastatic traits is unclear. This work characterizes chromosome architecture changes associated with organotropic metastatic traits. By comparing a collection of genomic data from different subtypes of localized and lung metastatic breast cancer cells with both normal and cancerous lung cells, we find important trends of genomic reorganization. The most striking differences in 3D genome compartments segregate cell types according to their epithelial vs. mesenchymal status. This EMT compartment signature occurs at genomic regions distinct from transcription-defined EMT signatures, suggesting a separate layer of regulation. Specifically querying organotropism, we find 3D genome changes consistent with adaptations needed to survive in a new microenvironment, with lung metastatic breast cells exhibiting compartment switch signatures that shift the genome architecture to a lung cell-like conformation and brain metastatic prostate cancer cells showing compartment shifts toward a brain-like state. TCGA patient data reveals gene expression changes concordant with these organ-permissive compartment changes. These results suggest that genome architecture provides an additional level of cell fate specification informing organotropism and enabling survival at the metastatic site.
Horizontally transferred cell-free chromatin particles function as autonomous “predatory” genomes and vehicles for transposable elements within host cells
Authors: Banerjee Soumita , Shende Soniya , Kata Laxmi , Lopes Relestina , Praveen Swathika , Joshi Ruchi , Khare Naveen Kumar , Raghuram Gorantla V , Shabrish Snehal , Mittra Indraneel
Published: December 2024

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important evolutionary role in prokaryotes, but its role in mammals is poorly defined. We previously reported that cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) - chromosomal fragments released from the billions of dying cells - that circulate in human blood are horizontally transferred to healthy cells with biological effects. However, the underlying mechanism and function of these effects remained unclear. We treated NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts cells with cfChPs isolated from human serum and serially passaged the cells. The intracellular activities of cfChPs were analysed using chromatin fibre fluorography, cytogenetic analysis, immuno-fluorescence and fluorescent
in situ
hybridisation. We discovered that the internalised cfChPs comprising of widely disparate DNA sequences had randomly combined to form complex concatemers some of which were ostensibly multi-mega base pairs in size. The concatemers exhibited variable and bizarre spatial relationships with the host cell interphase DNA with many remaining in the cytoplasm and others aligning themselves with the mouse chromosomal DNA. The concatemers performed many functions attributable to the nuclear genome. They could replicate, synthesise RNA, RNA polymerase, ribosomal RNA, ribosomal proteins, and numerous other human proteins within the mouse cells which manifested as complex multi-peptide fusion proteins. The concatemers harboured human LINE-1 and
Alu
elements which markedly amplified themselves and increased their copy number with time in culture and exhibited the potential to rearrange themselves within the mouse genome. These findings lead us to hypothesise that a cell simultaneously harbours two genome forms that function autonomously: one that is inherited (hereditary genome) and numerous others that are acquired (predatory genomes). The presence of predatory genomes has evolutionary implications given their ability to generate a plethora of novel proteins and to serve as vehicles for transposable elements. Finally, our results suggest that HGT occurs in mammalian cells on a massive scale via the medium of cfChPs that have undergone extensive and complex modifications resulting in their behaviour as “foreign” genetic elements.
Prefoldin 5 is a microtubule-associated protein that suppresses Tau-aggregation and neurotoxicity
Authors: Bisht Anjali , Pippadpally Srikanth , Majumder Snehasis , Gopi Athulya T , Das Abhijit , Sahi Chandan , Ramaswami Mani , Kumar Vimlesh
Published: December 2024

Tauopathies represent a major class of neurodegenerative disorders associated with intracellular aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. To identify molecular modulators of Tau toxicity, we used a genetic screen to identify protein chaperones whose RNAi-mediated knockdown could modulate hTau
V337M
-induced eye-ommatidial degeneration in
Drosophila
. This screen identified the Prefoldins Pfdn5 and Pfdn6 as strong modifiers of hTau
V337M
cytotoxicity. Consistent with the known function of Pfdn as a cotranslational chaperone for tubulin,
Pfdn5
mutants showed substantially reduced levels of tubulin monomer. However, additional microtubule-related functions were indicated by the robust unexpected association of Pfdn5 with axonal microtubules
in vivo,
as well as binding with stabilized microtubules in biochemical assays. Loss of Pfdn5 resulted in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) defects similar to those previously described in hTau-expressing flies: namely, increased supernumerary boutons and fewer microtubule loops within mature presynaptic boutons. Significantly, synaptic phenotypes caused by hTau
V337M
overexpression were also strongly enhanced in a
Pfdn5
mutant background. Consistent with a role in modulating Tau toxicity, not only did loss of
Pfdn5
result in increased accumulations of Tau-aggregates in hTau
V337M
expressing neurons, but also neuronal overexpression of Prefoldin strikingly ameliorated age-dependent neurodegeneration and memory deficits induced by pathological hTau. Together, these and other observations described herein: (a) provide new insight into Prefoldin-microtubule interactions; (b) point to essential posttranslational roles for Pfdn5 in controlling Tau-toxicity
in vivo
; and (c) demonstrate that Pfdn5 overexpression is sufficient to restrict Tau-induced neurodegeneration.
Combining radio-telemetry and radar measurements to test optimal foraging in an aerial insectivore bird
Authors: Bloch Itai , Troupin David , Toledo Sivan , Nathan Ran , Sapir Nir
Published: December 2024

Optimal foraging theory posits that foragers adjust their movements based on prey abundance to optimize food intake. While extensively studied in terrestrial and marine environments, aerial foraging has remained relatively unexplored due to technological limitations. This study, uniquely combining BirdScan-MR1 radar and the ATLAS biotelemetry system, investigates the foraging dynamics of Little Swifts (
Apus affinis
) in response to insect movements over Israel’s Hula Valley. Insect Movement Traffic Rate (MTR) substantially varied across days, strongly influencing swift movement. On days with high MTR, swifts exhibited reduced flight distance, increased colony visit rate, and earlier arrivals at the breeding colony, reflecting a dynamic response to prey availability. However, no significant effects were observed in total foraging duration, flight speed, or daily route length. Notably, as insect abundance increased, inter-individual distances decreased. These findings suggest that Little Swifts optimize their foraging behavior in relation to aerial insect abundance, likely influencing reproductive success and population dynamics. The integration of radar technology and biotelemetry systems provides a unique perspective on the interactions between aerial insectivores and their prey, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of optimal foraging strategies in diverse environments.
Evolutionary rescue of spherical mreB deletion mutants of the rod-shape bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Authors: Yulo P Richard J , Desprat Nicolas , Gerth Monica L , Ritzl-Rinkenberger Barbara , Farr Andrew D , Liu Yunhao , Zhang Xue-Xian , Miller Michael , Cava Felipe , Rainey Paul B , Hendrickson Heather L
Published: December 2024

Maintenance of rod-shape in bacterial cells depends on the actin-like protein MreB. Deletion of
mreB
from
Pseudomonas fluorescens
SBW25 results in viable spherical cells of variable volume and reduced fitness. Using a combination of time-resolved microscopy and biochemical assay of peptidoglycan synthesis, we show that reduced fitness is a consequence of perturbed cell size homeostasis that arises primarily from differential growth of daughter cells. A 1,000-generation selection experiment resulted in rapid restoration of fitness with derived cells retaining spherical shape. Mutations in the peptidoglycan synthesis protein Pbp1A were identified as the main route for evolutionary rescue with genetic reconstructions demonstrating causality. Compensatory
pbp1A
mutations that targeted transpeptidase activity enhanced homogeneity of cell wall synthesis on lateral surfaces and restored cell size homeostasis. Mechanistic explanations require enhanced understanding of why deletion of
mreB
causes heterogeneity in cell wall synthesis. We conclude by presenting two testable hypotheses, one of which posits that heterogeneity stems from non-functional cell wall synthesis machinery, while the second posits that the machinery is functional, albeit stalled. Overall, our data provide support for the second hypothesis and draw attention to the importance of balance between transpeptidase and glycosyltransferase functions of peptidoglycan building enzymes for cell shape determination.
Ship detection based on semantic aggregation for video surveillance images with complex backgrounds
Authors: Ren Yongmei , Liu Haibo , Yang Jie , Wang Xiaohu , He Wei , Xiao Dongrui
Published: December 2024

Background

Ship detection in video surveillance images holds significant practical value. However, the background in these images is often complex, complicating the achievement of an optimal balance between detection precision and speed.

Method

This study proposes a ship detection method that leverages semantic aggregation in complex backgrounds. Initially, a semantic aggregation module merges deep features, rich in semantic information, with shallow features abundant in location details, extracted via the front-end network. Concurrently, these shallow features are reshaped through the reorg layer to extract richer feature information, and then these reshaped shallow features are integrated with deep features within the feature fusion module, thereby enhancing the capability for feature fusion and improving classification and positioning capability. Subsequently, a multiscale object detection layer is implemented to enhance feature expression and effectively identify ship objects across various scales. Moreover, the distance intersection over union (DIoU) metric is utilized to refine the loss function, enhancing the detection precision for ship objects.

Results

The experimental results on the SeaShips dataset and SeaShips_enlarge dataset demonstrate that the mean average precision@0.5 (mAP@0.5) of this proposed method reaches 89.30% and 89.10%, respectively.

Conclusions

The proposed method surpasses other existing ship detection techniques in terms of detection effect and meets real-time detection requirements, underscoring its engineering relevance.
A chromosome-scale genome assembly of mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Khanbo Supaporn , Phadphon Poompat , Naktang Chaiwat , Sangsrakru Duangjai , Waiyamitra Pitchaporn , Narong Nattapol , Yundaeng Chutintorn , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke , Laosatit Kularb , Somta Prakit , Pootakham Wirulda
Published: December 2024

Background

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is one of the most socio-economically important leguminous food crops of Asia and a rich source of dietary protein and micronutrients. Understanding its genetic makeup is crucial for genetic improvement and cultivar development.

Methods

In this study, we combined single-tube long-fragment reads (stLFR) sequencing technology with high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technique to obtain a chromosome-level assembly of V. radiata cultivar ‘KUML4’.

Results

The final assembly of the V. radiata genome was 468.08 Mb in size, with a scaffold N50 of 40.75 Mb. This assembly comprised 11 pseudomolecules, covering 96.94% of the estimated genome size. The genome contained 253.85 Mb (54.76%) of repetitive sequences and 27,667 protein-coding genes. Our gene prediction recovered 98.3% of the highly conserved orthologs based on Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis. Comparative analyses using sequence data from single-copy orthologous genes indicated that V. radiata diverged from V. mungo approximately 4.17 million years ago. Moreover, gene family analysis revealed that major gene families associated with defense responses were significantly expanded in V. radiata.

Conclusion

Our chromosome-scale genome assembly of V. radiata cultivar KUML4 will provide a valuable genomic resource, supporting genetic improvement and molecular breeding. This data will also be valuable for future comparative genomics studies among legume species.
Integrated Crop Management in Niger for Higher Productivity in Hill and Tribal Areas of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Babu G. Chitti , Rao P. Venkata , Kumar P B Pradeep , Jagannadham J
Published: December 2024

Niger crop is being cultivated in hilly and tribal agency Mandals of Alluri Sitarama Raju district in Andhra Pradesh in an area of 3900 ha during late kharif. Though Niger is an economically potential crop, non-adoption of scientific recommendations by the farmers leading to reduced or poor yields, 400-450kg/ha. District Agricultural Advisory and Transfer of Technology Centre (DAATTC), ASR District has conducted demonstrations in the selected tribal Mandals on Integrated Crop Management (ICM) in Niger for higher productivity for the benefit of farming community during 2023. ICM demonstrated plots has recorded improved yields (562 kg/ha) compared to the farmers practice (458 kg/ha) in the ASR District. The productivity of Niger crop was improved upto 22.7 per cent in the ICM demonstrated plots and the BC ratio recorded was 1: 4.80 as against 1:3.95. Also educated the farmers through the awareness programmes on crop management and most of the farmers were convinced with the results in integrated crop management practices in Niger.
Comparative Evaluation of Nutritional Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Attributes of Commercial Plant-Based Meat Analogues and Chicken Nuggets
Authors: Tahseen Aaliya , T Sathu. , Muthupalani Muthukumar , V. N. Vasudevan. , A Irshad. , John Preethy , Raji K. , Basha MHS Abrar
Published: December 2024

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes of commercial plant-based meat analogue (PBMA) nuggets compared to traditional commercial chicken nuggets. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of the samples were prepared for analysing the fatty acid profile. Nutritional analysis revealed that PBMA nuggets contain higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ranging from 18.92% to 45.97%, and lower levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), with a maximum of 47.61%, potentially offering cardiovascular benefits. Notably, PBMA nuggets are cholesterol-free, while chicken nuggets exhibit cholesterol levels ranging from 50.69±0.37 mg/100g to 54.74±0.31 mg/100g. Total phenolic content (TPC) analysis showed that PBMA nuggets possess superior antioxidant capacity, with TPC values ranging from 2.00±0.02 to 2.94±0.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, compared to chicken nuggets, which have TPC values of 0.913±0.02 and 1.23±0.03 mg GAE/g. Physico-chemical assessments indicate that PBMA nuggets generally have lower moisture content (46.69±0.11% to 51.87±0.12%) and protein content (5.15±0.04% to 12.12±0.03%) but higher fat (11.43±0.02% to 18.21±0.05%), fibre (1.09±0.02% to 1.20±0.02%), carbohydrate (21.12±0.06% to 28.89±0.13%), and ash content (1.94±0.007% to 3.83±0.02%) compared to chicken nuggets. Sensory evaluation revealed that chicken nuggets scored significantly higher in appearance (7.75±0.16), texture (7.25±0.16), juiciness (7.75±0.16), and overall acceptability (7.25±0.16) compared to PBMA nuggets. Despite their nutritional advantages, PBMA nuggets did not meet the sensory attributes of chicken nuggets, with lower scores in key sensory parameters. This indicates that while PBMA nuggets offer a healthier, plant-based alternative with beneficial nutritional profiles, further research and development are necessary to enhance their sensory attributes to better meet consumer preferences and expectations.
Profile of Lipid and Antioxidant Activity Lipids Extracted from Pangasius pangasius: Complementary Analysis
Authors: Hossain Amir , Sachchu Md. Mazedul Haque , Shishir Md. Khalid Hossain , Sayeem Nafis Rahman , Podder Upoma , Al-Mahmud Md. Rafayet , Rashid Md. Mamun Al , Tama Rahima Tanbin , Haque Natasha Nafisa , Rahman Aliza , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: December 2024

Extraction of lipids from Pangasius pangasius employed a unique simple route such as the solvent extraction method which is better useful for extract lipids from fish, cost effective and comparatively easier than others process where ethanol is a diluent and chloroform acts as a solvent. The prime objective of this manuscript is to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of lipids from Pangasius pangasius. The chemical composition determination by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant lipid components were Dodecanoic acid 1,2,3 Propanetriyl ester 86.67% found in GC-MS which have strong bactericidal properties. It is utilized as an algal and plant metabolite and possesses antimicrobial qualities. For determination of the antioxidant activity, the Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer (UV) was introduced. The degree of hydrolysis, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity the antioxidant activity can be estimated. The control value of the UV is 1.297 a. u. and the absorption value by sample minimum value is 1.168 a. u. and the maximum value is 1.208 a. u. The inhibition rate maximum of 0.0995% and a minimum of 0.0686% by the human body.  The absorption of UV light by the sample is near the control value which indicates lipids contain a little percentage of antioxidant activity. The sample contains a small percentage of 0.33 of L (+) ascorbic acid 2,6 di-hexa-decanoate which is an antioxidant agent that reduces free radicals in the human body. This outcome highlighted its possibility as an origin of bioactive chemicals and expanded our knowledge of its nutritive and therapeutic properties.
Studies on the Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources and Chemical Fertilizers on Sustainable Productivity of Chilli (Capsicum annun L.)
Authors: Singh Priya , Singh S.S. , Gangele Amit Vikram
Published: December 2024

The present study was carried out the effect of organic nutrient sources and chemical fertilizers on sustainable productivity of chilli (Capsicum annun L.) during the rabi season of the year, 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatment and three replications. Among the various levels of organic nutrient and NPK used in the experiment, treatment T12 50% FYM + 50% Vermicompost resulted highest values on plant height (27.59, 57.70, 78.68 and 113.16), Days to first flower initiation (31.55), Days to 50% flowering (56.08), Number of fruit plant-1 (63.74), fruit length (cm) and fruit width (cm) (7.17 & 2.52), Weight of fruit (3.80g), Fruit yield (g) plant-1 (242.27), Fruit yield (kg) plot-1 (1453.62) and fruit yield (t ha-1) (2.75) under Satna agro-climatic condition when compared with control and the other treatments.
The Cultivation Path of Digital Reading Skills of Left-behind Children under the Collaborative Education Mechanism
Authors: Tiantian Guo , Zhonghua Kan
Published: December 2024

In order to alleviate the fragmentation and absence of family, school and community in the process of child-rearing, break the independence of the field, realize the "digital" enabling collaborative education, and build a collaborative child-rearing platform, this paper further explores the current situation of digital reading literacy of rural left-behind children from the perspective of the subject, content, resources, methods and environment of digital reading through the method of literature and logical analysis. And from the different dimensions of family, school, society and digital media to deeply analyze its causes, and further build the path of digital reading literacy cultivation. Through the deep integration and synergy of families, schools and communities, an all-round and multi-level education ecology can be better formed, which not only helps to improve the digital reading ability and digital information literacy of rural left-behind children, but also promotes the revitalization of rural education and the modernization of education governance.
Understanding COVID‐19 Risk in Patients With Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Population‐Based Analysis of SARS–CoV‐2 Testing
Authors: Eder Lihi , Croxford Ruth , Drucker Aaron M. , Mendel Arielle , Kuriya Bindee , Touma Zahi , Johnson Sindhu R. , Cook Richard , Bernatsky Sasha , Haroon Nigil , Widdifield Jessica
Published: September 2021

Objective

To investigate the incidence of and factors associated with SARS–CoV‐2 testing and infection in immune‐mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) patients versus matched non‐IMID comparators from the general population.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based, matched cohort study among adult residents from Ontario, Canada, from January 2020 to December 2020. We created cohorts for the following IMIDs: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, multiple sclerosis (MS), iritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), polymyalgia rheumatica, and vasculitis. Each patient was matched with 5 patients without IMIDs based on sociodemographic factors. We estimated the incidence of SARS–CoV‐2 testing and infection in IMID patients and non‐IMID patients. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed odds of SARS–CoV‐2 infection.

Results

We studied 493,499 patients with IMIDs and 2,466,946 patients without IMIDs. Patients with IMIDs were more likely to have at least 1 SARS–CoV‐2 test versus patients without IMIDs (27.4% versus 22.7%), but the proportion testing positive for SARS–CoV‐2 was identical (0.9% in both groups). Overall, IMID patients had 20% higher odds of being tested for SARS–CoV‐2 (odds ratio 1.20 [95% confidence interval 1.19–1.21]). The odds of SARS–CoV‐2 infection varied across IMID groups but was not significantly elevated for most IMID groups compared with non‐IMID comparators. The odds of SARS–CoV‐2 infection was lower in IBD and MS and marginally higher in RA and iritis.

Conclusion

Patients across all IMIDs were more likely to be tested for SARS–CoV‐2 versus those without IMIDs. The risk of SARS–CoV‐2 infection varied across disease subgroups.
Microadditive Manufacturing Technologies of 3D Microelectromechanical Systems
Authors: Hassanin Hany , Sheikholeslami Ghazal , Sareh Pooya , Ishaq Rihana B.
Published: September 2021

Conventional microfabrication processes have been well established, but their capabilities are generally limited simple and 2D extruded geometries. Additive manufacturing allows the ability to manufacture true 3D complex geometries, rapid design for manufacturing, mass customization, materials savings, and high precision, which have triggered the increased interest in manufacturing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Herein, MEMS manufacturing's recent advancements, including both conventional and additive manufacturing technologies, their working principles, and practical capabilities are consolidated. The use of additive manufacturing in several MEMS areas such as in microelectronics, circuitry, microfluidics, lab on a chip, packaging, and structural MEMS is also discussed in detail. Furthermore, the potentials and limitations of additive manufacturing are investigated with regard to the MEMS requirements. Finally, the technology outlook and improvements are discussed. This study shows that additive manufacturing offers a promising future for the fabrication of MEMS, especially using high‐resolution techniques such as microstereolithography, materials jetting, and materials extrusion. In contrast, current challenges such as materials requirements, equipment innovation, fabricating of in vivo devices for biomedical applications, inherited defects and poor surface finish, adhesion to substrates, and productivity are areas that require further study to increase the uptake by the MEMS community.
High Pressure–Amplitude Ratio Ultrasonic Spot Welding of Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Epoxy
Authors: Qin Zhiwei , Zhou Li , Liu Shan , Meng Xiangchen , Li Junchen , Xie Yuming , Song Xiaoguo , Zhang Hongming , Huang Yongxian
Published: September 2021

Thermoplastic carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy has potential in the fields of aerospace, vehicle, and medical equipment, due to nontoxicity, adequate cost savings, and outstanding mechanical properties. Sensitivity to welding heat of the thermoplastic carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy is an urgent issue due to the low glass transition temperature (T
g). High pressure–amplitude ratio ultrasonic spot welding is used to join the low T
g thermoplastic carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy, which provided sufficient energy and pressure for suppressing the vibration and eliminating the stress relaxation to improve the stability of the material to welding heat. The molten area increased at the interface, whereas the entanglement of molecular chains was promoted under adequate pressure. The tensile shear force reached 4.6 kN with the welding pressure of 4.8 MPa, the amplitude of 44.1 μm and the welding time of 800 ms. The primary formation mechanism includes bonding of polymer, tangling of carbon fibers, and polymer, and strengthening between polymeric layers. The high pressure–amplitude ratio ultrasonic spot welding has the feasible and potential to join the low T
g thermoplastic composites.
Short‐Range Ordered Aluminum Foams
Authors: Wang Ningzhen , Noack Mike Andreas , Kamm Paul Hans , Banhart John , García-Moreno Francisco
Published: September 2021

Ordering the bubbles of closed‐cell aluminum foams can contribute to decorative esthetics and create directional mechanical properties that disordered foams do not have. High‐porosity (>80%) aluminum foams prepared by the traditional static gas injection method usually have large and polyhedral cells, which do not form an ordered stacking. Aluminum foams with relatively uniform and small cells (cell size ≈1.2 mm) have been recently obtained by gas injection through a nozzle rotating at high speed. Herein, the stacking of aluminum foams with different cell sizes and a monodisperse aqueous foam are characterized by X‐ray tomography and compared with an ideal face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure. The aluminum foam featuring the smallest cells has a concentrated distribution of cell coordination number with a peak of 12 and the first peaks of the radial distribution function are found to be consistent with those of the monodisperse aqueous foam and an ideal FCC structure. Furthermore, many aligned bubble chains with more than five bubbles are observed on cross‐sectional images. Therefore, aluminum foam can become short‐range ordered whenever the cell size is uniform enough and reduced to around 1.2 mm. Methods for further improving the order of aluminum foam are discussed.
Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Layered and Layered‐Gradient Zr/Ti Materials
Authors: Ma Jiateng , Zhou Yang , He Weijun , Jiang Bin , Liu Qing
Published: September 2021

Composite metals are promising materials displaying better properties than the sum of their counterpart. Herein, layered and layered gradient (heterogeneous) Zr/Ti materials are fabricated via rolling bonding and annealing. For comparison, Zr/Zr, Ti/Ti, and homogeneous Zr–Ti alloys are also fabricated. The microstructures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Tensions, compressions and microhardness tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of Zr/Ti materials. Layered Zr/Ti composite is composed of alternated Zr layer/interface layer/Ti layer, and chemical composition is gradient distributed in the interface layer. Layered gradient Zr/Ti alloy is composed of multi interface layers, showing periodic composition gradient. It is found that the strengths of the layered and layered gradient Zr/Ti materials decreased with the increase of layer thickness. The yield strength of the layered Zr/Ti composite is higher than the strength calculated with the rule of mixture (ROM), indicating extra strengthening. However, the yield strength of the layered gradient Zr/Ti alloy is lower than the calculated strength based on ROM. The effects of the layered and layered structures on the mechanical property of Zr/Ti materials are discussed. This study may provide a method to fabricate bulk heterostructured materials with gradient chemical composition.
Tailoring Nanonets‐Engineered Superflexible Nanofibrous Aerogels with Hierarchical Cage‐Like Architecture Enables Renewable Antimicrobial Air Filtration
Authors: Wang Fei , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: September 2021

Purification of pathogenic air has become an essential part of infection prevention and control. Most present air filters can hardly achieve excellent air filtration performance and the effective inactivation of the airborne pathogens at the same time. Herein, a bottom‐up approach is reported upon to construct cage‐like structured superflexible nanofibrous aerogels (CSAs) with renewable antimicrobial properties by combining electrospun silica nanofibers, bacterial cellulose nanofibers, and the hydrophobic SiOSi elastic binder. The following efficient grafting of N‐halamine compounds endows the CSAs with biocidal function. The resultant aerogels exhibit intriguing features of high porosity, hydrophobicity, superelasticity, foldability, renewable chlorination ability (>5400 ppm), high filtration performance toward PM0.3 (>99.97%, 189 Pa), and excellent antibacterial and antiviral activity (6 logs reduction within 5 min contact), enabling the aerogels to intercept and inactivate the pathogenic contaminants in air. The successful synthesis of CSAs provides a new possibility to design high‐performance air filtration materials for public health protection.
Wearable Thermoelectric Materials and Devices for Self‐Powered Electronic Systems
Authors: Jia Yanhua , Jiang Qinglin , Sun Hengda , Liu Peipei , Hu Dehua , Pei Yanzhong , Liu Weishu , Crispin Xavier , Fabiano Simone , Ma Yuguang , Cao Yong
Published: September 2021

The emergence of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things has led to a growing demand for wearable and maintenance‐free power sources. The continual push toward lower operating voltages and power consumption in modern integrated circuits has made the development of devices powered by body heat finally feasible. In this context, thermoelectric (TE) materials have emerged as promising candidates for the effective conversion of body heat into electricity to power wearable devices without being limited by environmental conditions. Driven by rapid advances in processing technology and the performance of TE materials over the past two decades, wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs) have gradually become more flexible and stretchable so that they can be used on complex and dynamic surfaces. In this review, the functional materials, processing techniques, and strategies for the device design of different types of WTEGs are comprehensively covered. Wearable self‐powered systems based on WTEGs are summarized, including multi‐function TE modules, hybrid energy harvesting, and all‐in‐one energy devices. Challenges in organic TE materials, interfacial engineering, and assessments of device performance are discussed, and suggestions for future developments in the area are provided. This review will promote the rapid implementation of wearable TE materials and devices in self‐powered electronic systems.