bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Adalimumab in Cases of Chronic Methotrexate-Resistant Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Anterior Uveitis: Retrospective Case Series Study
Authors: Gaidar E. V. , Kostik M. M. , Dubko M. F. , Masalova V. V. , Snegireva L. S. , Isupova E. A. , Nikitina T. N. , Serogodskaya E. D. , Kalashnikova O. V. , Chasnyk V. G.
Published: January 2017

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis may be the cause of not only visual acuity decrement, but also blindness. At the same time, in some patients therapy with methotrexate can not prevent the development of these complications.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the efficiency and safety of using a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (adalimumab) in patients with JIA-associated uveitis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-arm study of a series of cases. The results of using adalimumab were evaluated in patients with JIA-associated chronic anterior uveitis, who have been under observation for no less than 1 year before and after starting using adalimumab. The latter was prescribed due to progressing and/or recidivous methotrexate-resistant uveitis.

Results: We have analyzed clinical case records of 36 children with JIA-associated uveitis. At the start of therapy with adalimumab, actual uveitis was diagnosed in 30 (83%) patients. Remission was achieved in 29 of 30 cases in 2 (2; 12) weeks in patients with actual uveitis. 11 (31%) patients had a uveitis exacerbation 28 (13; 69) weeks after adalimumab therapy started. Adalimumab reduced the exacerbation frequency from 4 (1; 9) to 0 (0; 1) exacerbations per year for one patient (p < 0,001), and reduced the proportion of patients who were treated with topical glucocorticosteroids (from 83 to 8%). There were no differences (in achieving remission and reducing exacerbation frequency) with regard to patients’ sex, involvement of one or both eyes in the disease onset, antinuclear factor seropositiveness, uveitis type and character of joints affection.

Conclusion: Adalimumab promotes fast and long-lasting remission of JIA-associated methotrexate-resistant uveitis.
A Pharmaco-Economic Analyzis of Treating Severe Uncontrolled Child Asthma with Omalizumab — Actual Russian Clinical Practice Data
Authors: Kolbin A. S. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Vishneva E. A. , Frolov M. Y. , Galankin T. L. , Alekseeva A. A. , Dobrynina E. A.
Published: January 2017

Background:Omalizumab is the first and yet the only biopreparation for asthma which combines high efficiency and high cost. The clinical-economic expediency of using omalizumab in asthmatic children has not been previously studied in Russia.

Objective:Our aim was to evaluate the clinical and economic expediency of using omalizumab as additive treatment (to basic or supporting therapy) in children with severe uncontrolled atopic asthma under the Russian economic conditions.

Methods:We conducted a mathematical simulation of asthma treatment in children with an increased frequency of hospitalization (9 times per year) with an average monthly omalizumab requirement of 558 mg. The model is based on the Markov chain. The model includes direct and non-direct costs. The planning horizons were 2 and 5 years. We analyzed the efficiency and utility of the costs and their influence on the budget. The stability of received data is proven by sensitivity analyzis.

Results:Over a 5-year planning horizon the cost of an additional year of quality life (due to using omalizumab) was 1,259,185 roubles, while the “society’s solvency” is 1 341 308 roubles (cost utility analizis). It takes 39,820 rubles to prevent one hospitalization with omalizumab over a 5-year planning horizon (cost efficiency analizis), which is comparable to the cost of hospitalization (43,141 rubles). Total costs for treating 100 children with asthma, 7 of which would be treated with omalizumab, were equal to the amount of money which is enough to treat 105 children without omalizumab (analysis of budgetary influence).

Conclusion:The analyses of cost efficiency and utility have shown that the strategy of using omalizumab together with standard treatment is economically expedient. Budgetary influence analysis has not detected a significant burden on the budget.
Demographic, Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Child Gaucher Disease Patients in Russia: Pediatric Register Data
Authors: Movsisyan G. B. , Gundobina O. S. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Savostyanov K. V. , Pushkov A. N. , Chernikov V. V. , Mazanova N. N. , Romanyuk A. M. , Smirnov V. I.
Published: January 2017

Background: Registers are an effective tool for tracing the dynamics of patients with rare pathologies.

Objective: Our aim was to examine the demographic, clinical and genetic features of child Gaucher disease patients in Russia.

Methods: We held a retrospective survey of the pediatric register data with regard to children suffering from Gaucher disease. The period of data accounting was from 2006 to 2016.

Results: 115 children with Gaucher disease aged from 3 months to 17 years (the median age of diagnosis is 5 years) were registered; 62 them (53.9%) are girls. The prevalence of the disease was 0.32 cases for 100,000 children. 95 (82.6%) children had 1st type of Gaucher disease, 6 (5.2%) — 2nd, and 1 (12.2%) — 3rd. Maximum morbidity was in Central (27; 23.5%) and Volga (27; 23.5%) Federal Districts; minimal — in the Far East (3; 2.6%). By the time of diagnosis all the patients were suffering from splengomegaly. The genotype and phenotype correlations in 90 children with Gaucher disease were as follows: in case of 1st type (n = 77), in 21 (27.3%) cases, the p.N370S/р.L444P genotype was set, in 12 (15.6%) — the р.N370S/other mutation; in case of 2nd and 3rd types, in 13 children with neuropathic forms, in 9 (62.9%) cases — the p.L444P/p.L444P, in 3 (231%) — the p.L444P/p. D409H. The rest of genotypes were presented by other mutations, 13 of which were revealed for the first time. The p.W223R (p.W184R) mutation is specific for Russian patients. Enzyme replacement therapy was carried out for 109 patients (94.8%): in 105 (96.3%) children (1st and 3rd types of Gaucher disease) with imiglucerase, in 4 (3.7%) children with 1st type — with velaglucerase alfa. Pathogenetic treatment stops the main symptoms in most patients.

Conclusion: The pediatric Gaucher disease register allows to systemize the data concerning the disease course in children and optimizing the approaches to its monitoring in Russia.
Evaluating the Physical Development of Early Age Schoolchildren (7–10 Years): Cohort Study Results
Authors: Khodzhieva M. V. , Skvortsova V. A. , Borovik T. E. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Margieva T. V. , Bushueva T. V. , Melnichuk O. S. , Nekrasova S. V.
Published: January 2017

Background:Misbalance between energy intake and consumption is considered the main reason of obesity. However, over the recent years there has been a lot of emerging data concerning early origins of obesity that forms during intrauterine development and/or early age periods.

Objective:Our aim was to study how physically developed are the children of early school ages.

Methods:The study included children aged 7 to 10 years. Their physical development was assessed with the WHO AnthroPlus (2009) software.

Results:652 children were examined. Of them, balanced development was found in: according to the WAZ index (body mass/age) — 466/530 (87,9%) schoolchildren; HAZ index (height/age) — 620/652 (95,1%); BAZ (body mass index/age) — only 438/652 (67,2%) children. Excessive body weight was found in 61 (18,8%) of the 324 girls and 65 (19,8%) of the 328 boys (р = 0,891), obesity — in 24 (7,4%) and 52 (15,9%) children correspondingly (р = 0,038).

Conclusion:Having evaluated the physical development of early aged schoolchildren between the ages of 7 and 10 years, it is possible to state that there is evidence in favour of higher readings of mass-weight indexes as compared to the standard WHO population. Every third early age schoolchild can have physical development deviations, at the same time boys are obese twice as often as girls.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: a Modern View on Course and Outcomes
Authors: Kazakova K. A.
Published: January 2017

The studying of various courses and outcomes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an important direction of modern pediatric research. Researchers of different profiles have an interest in the issue not only due to the recent publication of results obtained after 50-yearlong observations which occurred since the disease has been described for the first time, but also due to the successes of functional diagnostics and the improvements made in visualizing structural lesions in the lungs. The review describes the modern concepts concerning the course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as the factors affecting the disease outcomes.
Intestinal Microflora in Children: from Formation Disturbances Prophylaxis to Preventing Non-Infectious Diseases
Authors: Pechkurov D. V. , Turti T. V. , Belyaeva I. A. , Tjazheva A. A.
Published: January 2017

The article presents an overview of modern Russian and foreign scientific literature, which summarizes data on the value of normal intestinal microflora formation, and on the formation of normal microbiocenosis in ontogeny features. The causes of microbiota formation lesions and their impact on child health are described. Relevant data on the effectiveness of pre- and probiotics in the prophylaxis of noninfectious diseases is given.
Metabolic Acidosis: Diagnostics and Treatment
Authors: Tepaev R. F. , Lastovka V. V. , Pytal A. V. , Savluk J. V.
Published: January 2017

Metabolic acidosis is the most common child acid-base balance disorder. This condition accompanies a variety of diseases, and the degree of its severity correlates with the patients’ survival: although not a separate disease in itself, metabolic acidosis, however, can worsen the disease course and even lead to death. The pathology causes are various (in connection with life-threatening changes in various organs and systems — lungs, heart and blood vessels, kidneys, and also due to a violation of lipid metabolism, in case of diabetes, poisoning, etc.), which determines the fact that a wide range of specialists are interested in the issue. Approaches to the diagnosis simplify the search for the etiology of metabolic acidosis. This study presents data on the physiological basis of acid-base balance regulation, and its etiology and pathophysiology; the principles of therapy are observed.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Possibilities of Modern Intraluminal Endoscopy as Shown on Own Clinical Observations
Authors: Lokhmatov M. M. , Budkina T. N. , Oldakovsky V. I. , Diakonova E. U.
Published: January 2017

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a relatively rare autosomal-dominant inheritance type disease characterized by multiple hamartomas in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of such patients is traditionally surgical, but nowadays, due to the introduction of new methods of intraluminal endoscopy, it is often possible to avoid open abdominal operations, diagnose and remove the hamartomatous polyps in a minimally invasive way. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the diagnostic and surgical capabilities of modern intraluminal endoscopy for the treatment of patients with multiple hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis as shown on our own clinical observations. The technique of deep single balloon enteroscopy in conjunction with standard routine endoscopic manipulations allows to perform a total examination of the whole gastrointestinal tract and, if necessary, to remove almost all epithelial neoplasia, which certainly has a positive impact on the quality of the patient’s life.
Allergen-Specific Child Immunotherapy: Current State of Affairs
Authors: Vishneva E. A. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Alekseeva A. A. , Selimzyanova L. R. , Levina J. G. , Efendieva K. E. , Dobrynina E. A.
Published: January 2017

The article is devoted to allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) — the only etiopathogenic therapy method for allergic diseases. By promoting the formation of immunological tolerance, ASIT modifies the course of the disease, prevents the occurrence of new or the worsening of existing sensitizations, thereby preventing the development of asthma, which is especially important for pediatric patients. The authors present the mechanism of action and its main features and conditions with regard to achieving the planned effect. Considered are the key contraindications to ASIT, the principles of selecting the appropriate allergen for the treatment and features of its introduction to both children with mono sensitization and children sensitive to the allergen group. Further prospects of research development and existing achievements of this medical technology are mentioned.
TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DEFECTS
Authors: Basok Yu. B. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: January 2017

Some of the most pressing health problems of the industrial society are the damage and degeneration of articular cartilage associated with the limited capacity of tissues to regenerate. The review describes the existing and developing technologies for the recovery and replacement of damaged joint cartilage tissue. The results obtained are analyzed covering two major areas: the stimulation of regeneration of damaged cartilage tissue and the growing of cartilage tissue elements in bioreactors.
CIRCULATORY SUPPORT SYSTEMS: MAKING IDEAS HAPPEN (VII Shumakov’s readings)
Authors: Shevchenko O. P. , Stakhanova E. A.
Published: January 2017

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BIOBANKS ARE AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR TRANSPLANTATION. HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Reznik O. N. , Kuzmin D. O. , Skvortsov A. E. , Reznik A. O.
Published: January 2017

Organ shortage remains to be a crucial issue in transplantation. However, it’s not the only challenge that modern transplantation is facing. There are critical issues to be solved, such as, choosing optimal patient-specific immunosuppressive regimen, preventing or coping effectively with graft rejection and improving graft and patient survival rates. There are still a number of ongoing studies on ischemia-reperfusion injury mechanisms. It is also unknown what the true limitations of organ viability are and what mechanisms actually regulate it. The upcoming era of personalized medicine dictates the necessity for individualized approach to these issues. The creation of transplant biobanks followed by different studies on their base may be the key option to resolve problems of modern transplantation. Biobanks are an essential basis of personalized medicine, which allows largescale population studies, discovery of new biomarkers and therapy targets as well as new drugs development. The importance of this relatively new fi eld has increased over last decades making its way from small collections of samples to large national and international biorepositories. There are biobanks of different types and purposes. In this article a systematic review is given covering historical reference, term definition, and classifi cation variants. Furthermore, the current state of the industry is highlighted along with current issues and perspectives with respect to transplantation.
PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF TISSUE-ENGINEERED PANCREATIC CONSTRUCTS IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES
Authors: Skaletskaya G. N. , Skaletskiy N. N. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: January 2017

Allotransplantation of pancreatic islets remains the most effective method of treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1 being capable under combination of favorable conditions (suffi cient number of isolated islets, effective combination of immunosuppressive drugs) to reach the recipients’ insulin independence for several years. However, the overwhelming shortage of donor pancreas and limited post-transplantation islet survival do not allow increasing the number of such transplants and their effectiveness. This review presents a critical analysis of the work done by Russian and foreign authors onto creation of tissue-engineered pancreatic constructs that may lead to the resolution of the three main pancreatic islet transplantation issues: 1) lack of donor material; 2) necessity of immunosuppressive therapy; 3) limited survival and functional activity of the islet.
NONCOMPACTION CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Iljinsky I. M. , Mozheyko N. P. , Shevchenko A. O.
Published: January 2017

In this article, the review of the literature on various aspects of the noncompaction cardiomyopathy is presented. Non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a relatively rare congenital heart disease characterized by an excessive prominence of trabecular meshwork, and deep recesses of the ventricular myocardium. The most frequent is left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). LVNC can occur in isolation or coexist with other cardiac and systemic anomalies. Noncompaction can be detected with an echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical presentation varies ranging from asymptomatic patients to patients who develop ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, thromboembolism.
REPEAT KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Sushkov A. I.
Published: January 2017

Nowadays, kidney transplantation is the best approach of renal replacement therapy for the majority of patients with end-stage renal disease that significantly improves the quality and length of life. Advances in the field of organ donation, immunosuppression, transplant surgery and immunology have improved short-term graft and patient survival. But the long-term graft survival remains static over last two decades. The disparity between low graft and high patient long-term survival led to increasing number of transplant recipients with failed grafts. Repeat renal transplant is presumed to be a good option for many patients losing their grafts, but it is associated with higher complication rates. Unfortunately, there are no evidence-based recommendations or guidelines for renal retransplantation procedure. This review is based on 100 scientifi c publications related to various aspects of the kidney retransplantation and provides the recent data on this matter.
A 6-YEAR EXPERIENCE OF HEART TRANSPLANTATION IN FEDERAL ALMAZOV NORTH-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE
Authors: Shlyakhto E. V. , Gordeev M. L. , Karpenko M. A. , Nikolaev G. V. , Gnevashev A. S. , Grebennik V. K. , Malaya E. Ya. , Naymushin A. V. , Rubinchik V. E. , Sukhova I. V. , Sitnikova M. Yu. , Moiseeva O. M. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Zverev D. A. , Fedotov P. A. , Sazonova Yu. V. , Stepanov S. S.
Published: January 2017

Aim. To estimate the results of 6-year experience of heart transplantation (HT) in Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre. Methods. From 2010 to 2015 we have performed 65 HT. Mean age was 44.3 ± 14 years old (from 10 to 64 years old). We used biventricular assist device (BIVAD, Berlin Heart Excor) support in 7 heart transplant candidates before HT. 19 patients (29%) received thymoglobulin, whereas 46 patients (71%) had basiliximab to induce immunosuppression.

Results.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machines were implanted in 5 patients (7.7%) after HT due to acute right ventricular failure. Suture annuloplasty (the Batista procedure) for tricuspid valve repair was carried out in 3 cases (4.6%). Venovenous hemodiafi ltration was used in 11 patients (16.9%). A total of 598 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) were performed after HT. Evidence of cellular rejection (R1 and R2) was presented in 286 biopsies (48%). The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 3.1%. The 6-month survival rate after HT was 92%, 1-year – 91% and overall survival for the 6-year period of observation – 89.2%. Maximum observation period was 71 months.

Conclusions.The 6-year experience of HT in our Center has shown a high level of survival. BIVAD Excor support can be effectively used as a «bridge» to HT. Prevention of graft loss due to acute rejection in heart transplant recipients can be achieved only through regular EMB monitoring. The rate of viral infection increased in 2 months after HT.
LAPAROSCOPIC LEFT LATERAL SECTIONECTOMY IN LIVING LIVER DONOR
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Gallyamov E. A. , Monakhov A. R. , Zagainov E. V.
Published: January 2017

Introduction.Living donor liver transplantation has proved to be an effective, safe and radical treatment modality for patients with end-stage liver diseases. Left lateral section (LLS) of donor’s liver is used in pediatric recipients. Laparoscopic LLS procurement was fi rst described by D. Cherqui in 2002. At present, this technique is routinely used only by 5 hospitals in the world. However, up to date, some authors consider it to be a new standard to perform such a surgery in living donors.

Aim.To analyze the fi rst Russian experience in laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (LapLLS) in living related donor.

Materials and methods.From May to September 2016 fi ve LapLLS were performed in living donors. In all cases donors were women (mothers in 4 cases and aunt in 1 case). Recipients were children aged from 6 months through 3 years with body mass from 5.6 to 12.5 kg. Liver transection was carried out under conditions of maintained blood supply. Parenchymal transection was performed using a harmonic scalpel, bipolar coagulation and ultrasound dissection.

Results. Average donor age was 32 ± 5 years. Average operation time was 287 ± 16 min. Average LLS graft weight was 220 ± 16 g. Intraoperative blood loss did not exceed 100 ml (95 ± 5 ml). Donors were discharged on the 3rd–4th post-op day. There were no postoperative complications in donors. Recipients were also characterized by a standard course of the postoperative period.

Conclusion.LapLLS is an effective and safe method with several advantages. Primarily, these are early rehabilitation of the donors and shortening of the hospital stay, which are important for the quick return to normal way of live. Excellent visualization of anatomical structures, including vascular and biliary ones, allows performing precise selection. In addition, good cosmetic effect is also an important aspect.
EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD AFTER ORTHOTOPIC HEART TRANSPLANTATION IN RECIPIENTS OF 60 YEARS AND OLDER
Authors: Poptsov V. N. , Spirina E. A. , Ukhrenkov S. G. , Ustin S. Yu. , Aliev E. Z. , Masyutin S. A. , Voronkov V. Yu. , Chibisov N. S. , Bondarenko D. M. , Mebonija N. Z. , Mozheyko N. P. , Shevchenko A. O.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Increase in the number of older patients with terminal CHF results in increase in their proportion among potential recipients requiring mechanical circulatory support and/or heart transplantation (HT) [Abecassis M., Bridges N.D. et al., 2012].

Aim.To analyze our own experience of HT in recipients of older 60 years.

Materials and methods. The study included 63 patients (56 men (93.3% ) and 4 (6.7%) women) aged 60–74 years (63.0 ± 0.8) with body weight of 76.6 ± 1.4 kg, body surface area of 1.7 ± 0.02 m2, and body mass index of 23.4 ± 0.6. Indications for heart transplantation: dilated cardiomyopathy – 24 (38.1%), coronary heart disease – 34 (54.0%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – 2 (3.2%), irreversible cardiac graft dysfunction – 3 (4.7%). 46 (73.0%) patients had NYHA functional Class III and 17 (23.0%) patients – Class IV. Transpulmonary pressure gradient was 11.2 ± 2.7 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance – 3.5 ± 1.3 Wood units. According to UNOS algorithm 10 (15.9%) patients were listed as Status 1A of urgency of orthotopic cardiac transplantation (VA ECMO, n = 8, and implantable left ventricular assist device, n = 2), 21 (33.3%) patients as Status 1B, and 32 (50.8%) patients as Status 2. Recipients had the following comorbidities: arterial hypertension (n = 51; 81.0%), diabetes mellitus (n = 6; 9.5%), cerebrovascular disease (n = 13; 20.6%), history of stroke (n = 9; 14.3%), dialysisindependent renal dysfunction (n = 21; 33.3%). Before cardiac transplantation 9 (14.2%) recipients underwent various thoracic surgeries, 2 (3.2%) recipients – brain surgery. Heart donors (49 (77.8%) men and 14 (22.2%) women) were aged 18–59 (34.3 ± 10.4) years.

Results. ICU hospitalization lasted for 4–15 (8.2 ± 0.5) days. In 61.9% of cases (n = 39) early postoperative and hospital periods were uncomplicated. Early on-table postoperative activation («early» tracheal extubation) was performed in 32 (50.8%) patients in 48 ± 6 minutes after surgery completion. 2 (3.2%) recipients demonstrated early graft dysfunction and required VA ECMO. Complications other than graft dysfunction were in 24 (38.1%) recipients: renal dysfunction (n = 8; 12.7%), renal and hepatic dysfunction (n = 4; 6.3%), infections (bacterial pneumonia, n = 3, [4.8%]), dyscirculatory encephalopathy (n = 9; 14.3%). 12 (19.0%) patients required continuous renal replacement therapy, 10 of them (15.9%) demonstrated renal function recovery. In 2 (3.2%) cases long-term hemodialysis was used. Hospital lethality (n = 6; 9.5%) was due to multiple organ failure syndrome and sepsis.

Conclusion.Our own experience demonstrates satisfactory short-term and long-term survival after heart transplantation in recipients of 60 years and older.
CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AS THREE COMPONENTS OF A SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTY (VIII All-Russian congress of transplantologists)
Authors: Shevchenko O. P. , Stakhanova E. A.
Published: January 2017

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EFFICIENCY OF ENDOVASCULAR MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION AS A «BRIDGE» TO HEART TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Mironkov A. B. , Sakhovsky S. A. , Ryadovoy I. G. , Mironkov B. L.
Published: January 2017

Aim: to estimate effi ciency of endovascular myocardial revascularization in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure, potential candidates for heart transplantation.

Materials and methods.Survival of 108 patients with ischemic heart disease complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF) after performance of endovascular myocardial revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is presented. The observation period composed 32.79 ± 6.2 (from 3 to 126) months, age from 33 to 72 (58.9 ± 0.64) years, 102 men, 6 women. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was 34.9 ± 0.6%, EDV 249.75 ± 4.9 ml, ESV 163.27 ± 3.7 ml, mitral regurgitation 1.51 ± 0.07 points. 73% of patients had NYHA Class III CHF, 27% had NYHA Class IV CHF. Duration and quality of life after revascularization were determined. In 2–3 days after PCI dynamics of LV ultrasound parameters were estimated.

Results.At the time of the end of our research 88 from 108 patients (81%) were alive, including 18 patients who underwent heart transplantation (HT). Repeated revascularization was carried out to 19 (17%) patients. 20 patients died: 16 patients with cardiovascular disorders (15%, including 4% of stroke), 3 with pulmonary embolism and 1 with oncological disease. Survival of 90% of the patients composed 4.5 years, 50% survival composed 9 years. At the time of the end of our research the maximum observation period was equal to 126 months. The duration from the fi rst PCI to HT composed from 7.5 to 105 months, mean value – 37 ± 7.5 months. Average life expectancy after HT composed 54.9 ± 24.4 months. Life expectancy from the fi rst PCI composed 87.5 ± 36.9 months. All patients of this group were alive by the time of the end of this research.

Conclusion. Endovascular revascularization in patients with ischemic heart failure in 20% of cases can serve as «bridge» to HT, in 50% of cases it can be considered as an alternative to heart transplantation.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF PLATELET-DERIVED FACTOR PDGF-BB AND ST2 IN HEART REJECTION
Authors: Shevchenko O. P. , Ulybysheva A. A. , Aksyonova A. V. , Mozhejko N. P. , Stakhanova E. A. , Dontsov V. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Shevchenko A. O.
Published: January 2017

Aim: to determine the association between plasma concentrations of biomarkers (sCD40L, PDGF-BB, PlGF-1, ST2) with histochemical and immunohistochemical signs of heart rejection.

Materials and methods.The study included 98 heart recipients aged from 12 to 69 (mean age 43 ± 14) years, of which 78 men. In 68 patients dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed, 30 recipients were diagnosed with coronary heart disease. The concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF-1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were measured using xMAP technology. The concentrations of ST2 cardiac biomarker were measured by ELISA.

Results.No correlation was found between the levels of biomarkers (sCD40L, PDGF-BB, PlGF-1, ST2) and gender, age and diagnosis. The rejection was diagnosed via biopsy in 49 biopsies taken from 37 recipients. 1A rejection was found in 25 patients (34 biopsies), 1B rejection was identifi ed in 2 patients (3 biopsies), 3A rejection was diagnosed in 4 patients. Immunohistochemical signs of humoral rejection were identifi ed in 3 patients. The combination of acute cellular and humoral rejection was found in 4 patients (5 biopsies). The PDGFBB level was measured at the same day as the biopsy was taken, and it was shown to be signifi cantly higher in patients with rejection (p = 0.02). Rejection frequency was signifi cantly higher in patients with high PDGF-BB level (≥2473.7 pg/ml, RR = 1.64 ± 0.23; 95% CI [1.03–2.61]). Rejection frequency increased to 2.11 ± 0.34 [95% CI [1.08–4.11]] in recipients with ST2 and PDGF-BB concentration higher than the median value. The highest predictive value for heart rejection can be reached by a panel of three biomarkers: sCD40L, PlGF-1 and ST2 (RR = 2.51 ± 0.38; 95% CI [1.18–5.3]).

Conclusion. PDGF-BB has moderate predictive value for heart rejection. The highest predictive value for heart rejection was reached by a panel of three biomarkers: sCD40L, PlGF-1 and ST2.
FIRST EXPERIENCE IN SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF EVEROLIMUS IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION FROM EXPANDED CRITERIA DONORS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Uliyankina I. V. , Skvortsov A. E. , Ananiev A. N. , Kutenkov A. A. , Kuzmin D. O. , Daineko V. S. , Gogolev D. V. , Reznik O. N.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Kidney transplant (KTx) with reduced functional reserve is more sensitive to the toxic effects of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) approach with m-TOR inhibitors in case of KTx from expanded criteria donors (ECD) leads to decreasing levels of cyclosporine (CsA) in the blood. Despite the presence of international pilot studies we do not have yet clear recommendation as to combination of CsA and Everolimus. In this article, we presented 5-year results of the fi rst Russian experience of systematic administration of Everolimus as a basic IST in KTx from ECDs.

Materials and methods.The group of recipients (n = 41) having received bilateral kidney transplants from the same ECDs was analyzed. Comparison group (n = 19) received standard IST consisting of CsA, MMF and steroids. Study group included 22 recipients who received kidneys from the same ECDs and IST based on early (starting from the 90th day after transplantation) conversion from MMF to Everolimus – 1.5 mg/day (target concentration – 3–6 ng/mL). Simultaneously with the administration of Everolimus, dosing of Neoral dropped immediately by 50%, and then, in accordance with the target concentration (C0 30–50 ng/mL). Dosage of steroids in patients of the study group was gradually minimized.

Results.Both groups were comparable in terms of serum creatinine level and glomerular fi ltration rate (GFR) up to 3 months after transplantation. As a result of the introduction of a new IST scheme in the study group, serum creatinine level in 60 months after KTx was 149.27 ± 42.68 μmol/L, in the comparison group – 209.87 ± 39.56 μmol/L; р < 0.05. In the control group GFR reduced to 27.50 ± 7.39 mL/min/1.73 m2, in the study group it was 46.21 ± 15.17 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.05.

Conclusion.Early administration of Everolimus is strongly recommended in all cases of ECD KTx. This approach helps minimize CNI nephrotoxicity, provides the prevention of chronic allograft nephropathy, enables the stable renal function, and contributes to the survival of renal transplant recipients.
MICRONEEDLES AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE TRANSDERMAL INSULIN DELIVERY
Authors: Kuznetsova E. G. , Ryzhikova V. A. , Salomatina L. A. , Tukmachev V. A. , Sevastianov V. I.
Published: January 2017

Aim: to prove the possibility of increasing the diffusion of insulin through the skin in vitro with pre-applying microneedles.

Materials and methods. Microemulsion for transdermal therapeutic system of insulin has been used in vitro studies. Genetically engineered human insulin has been used in this research. Applicators with silicon microneedles (40 and 150 microns long) have been used to enhance the diffusion fl ux of drug substance. The dynamics of insulin release from the transdermal therapeutic systems through the rabbit skin has been studied in glass Franz diffusion cells in analyzer diffusion of drugs HDT 1000 (Copley Scientifi c Ltd., UK). Insulin has been labeled with fl uorescein isothiocyanate to separate the insulin absorption spectrum from the spectra of native skin proteins at spectrophotometer measurements.

Results. The amounts of insulin delivered through the skin in vitro after previous application of microneedles of 40 and 150 microns are 282.5 ± 61.1 and 372.3 ± 7.0 microgram, respectively. This is 1.4 and 1.9 times more than in the transdermal system without microneedles.

Conclusion.The conditions for increasing the diffusion of insulin through the skin in a model transdermal therapeutic system with microneedles (length – 150 microns, duration of pre-application – 1 hour) have been found.
THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DISC-PUMP FOR MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT
Authors: Chernyavskiy A. M. , Ruzmatov T. M. , Fomichev A. V. , Medvedev A. E. , Prikhodko Y. M. , Fomin V. M. , Fomichev V. P. , Chekhov V. P.
Published: January 2017

The relevance of the use of circulatory support systems for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) has increased over the recent years. Up to 20% of the patients from the waiting list for a donor heart die each year before they could get one. In our country, there is a huge need for mechanical heart support systems. However, the acquisition of foreign systems is associated with the excessive fi nancial costs. In addition, nowadays, there is no system that would meet all medical and technical requirements in full, and at the same time, would be of high safety for the patient. Therefore, research on the development of the systems of auxiliary circulation is highly relevant and is in demand in our country. One of the promising directions in this fi eld is disk pumps of viscous friction, which are based on the operation principle of Tesla disk pump. This article describes the creation and operation of the current model of the disk pump. The results of the bench tests confirmed that the expendable pressure characteristics of our disk pump are capable of providing the necessary parameters of blood circulation. The findings confi rm the perspective of the selected research area and provide the basis for further development and testing of this model of pump.
Badger Ballistics Participation in WSGC Collegiate Rocket Launch 2016
Authors: Zeugner David William
Published: January 2017

This paper is a report of Badger Ballisticsâ€™ participation in the Collegiate Rocket Launch competition hosted by the Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. The objective of this competition is to build a high power rocket depicting an accurate scale model of a launch vehicle used by private industry or government, and predict its launch apogee with minimal error. The vehicleâ€™s target apogee must fall between 2500 and 3500 feet. The team chose to create a rocket replicating the German V-2 look. Most unique to our design is our use of 3D printing for body components. At competition day, the team submitted an apogee prediction of 3300 feet and recorded an unofficial launch apogee of 2940 feet. Badger Ballistics achieved the third closest apogee prediction and placed fifth overall in competition.
Urban Emissions and Regional Air Quality in India
Authors: Karambelas Alexandra
Published: January 2017

Satellite observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument are used in support of model evaluation of seasonal average results from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Model evaluation was conducted with the purpose of identifying regional biases in model output compared to tropospheric columns. Comparison with tropospheric column NO2, an anthropogenic indicator, reveal that there are uncertainties regarding the emissions inventory input to CMAQ. Results have implications for developing accurate model inputs to produce accurate model output for relevant health impact assessments, which are increasingly important with increasing population, urbanization, and pollution in the region.
2016 Elijah High Altitude Balloon Launch Team Summer Proceedings Report
Authors: Faltersack Brianna , Maraccini Jared , Petrie Jordan , Rasmussen Tyler
Published: January 2017

The 2016 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium Elijah High Altitude Balloon Launch Team was comprised of two students from Milwaukee School of Engineering, one student from University of Wisconsin â€“ Fox Valley, and one student from Carthage College. This year, the majority of the students involved were discovering the balloon launch experience for the first time. The 2016 Elijah Balloon Launch Team held a meeting for the new members to learn how all of the equipment worked through a practice run using the tools in a trial.The first launch planned was cancelled, and was postponed to the next weekend. This launch was successful, reaching a peak altitude of 31,021m.Â
Monitoring Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere and Heavy Metals in Runoff Water at Active Landfill, Retired Landfill, and Forest Control Sites to Determine Remediation Effectiveness
Authors: Zolkowski Jeshanah Jean , Banick Jesse , Lenz Kathryn , Sanders Jonathan
Published: January 2017

With the exponential growth of the human population and the focus on â€œWesternizingâ€ the globe, waste and landfill use has spread. This makes the search for better remediation methods imperative. This paper describes the environmental impact of an active and a retired landfill. Carbon dioxide levels in ambient air and heavy metal concentrations in runoff water were monitored at both landfills and a control site. Data showed a significant difference in carbon dioxide levels among the sites, with the active landfill having the highest concentration and the control site having the lowest. Heavy metal tests revealed higher concentrations of lead and copper at the retired landfill compared to the active landfill and control site. The collected data is not sufficient to make a broad conclusion about remediation effectiveness; therefore, the researchers encourage continued investigation of this topic.Â
Pioneer Rocketry - 2016 Midwest Rocket Competition
Authors: Ellenberger Jake
Published: January 2017

The objective of the 2016 Midwest Rocket Competition was to use an active drag system to control the altitude of the rocket. The rocket was to fly twice, once with the system deactivated then again with the system active. The goal was for the active drag system to get the highest altitude of the second flight to be 75% of the un-deployed flight. The electric system onboard needed to both control the drag system as well as record the data needed to estimate the drag coefficient throughout the flight. At competition the rocket was flown a total of three times and performed as expected. The rocket was able to achieve a reduction of 78% thus placing Pioneer Rocketry third in the competition.The following report details the design and construction of Pioneer Rocketryâ€™s rocket Skybreaker, along with information regarding Pioneer Rocketryâ€™s growth as both an educational and professional organization.
Helium Implantation into JSC-1A Lunar Simulant for Volatile Extraction System Testing
Authors: Olson Aaron
Published: January 2017

Research is ongoing to develop an experimental volatiles extraction system that can demonstrate a heating process for releasing helium-3 (3He) and other valuable lunar volatiles from lunar regolith. Beyond the Apollo and Luna program lunar samples, there is no regolith or regolith simulant implanted with solar wind volatiles that is available. A device, named the Solar Wind Implanter (SWIM), has been developed to implant helium into batches of JSC-1A simulant.Â  It uses a voltage difference between planar electrodes to accelerate helium ions (up to the average solar-wind speed of 450 km/s) into a thin, falling sheet of regolith simulant. Initial implantation tests have been conducted and SWIM is being calibrated by performing tests to determine electrode current under varying operational parameters and by measuring the dose and temperature release pattern of helium in implanted samples.
Development of a Superconducting Heat Switch for an Ideal Integrating Bolometer
Authors: Mok Mason
Published: January 2017

Improving the sensitivity of current state-of-the-art bolometers is essential for future cosmology endeavors. Having a bolometer that is thermally isolated from its thermal sink is ideal in order to reduce phonon noise: the factor limiting bolometer sensitivity. To thermally isolate a bolometer as much as possible a pixel-scale superconducting heat switch is being developed to control the conductance between a bolometer and its thermal sink. The heat switch is comprised of a superconducting thin aluminum film surrounded by a niobium coil. Current is passed through the coil and the resulting magnetic field drives the aluminum into its high conductance normal state. Experimental data agrees well with the results of a thermal model of the device.Â Â
2016 Project Elijah Final Report
Authors: Furey Joshua , Maraccini Jared , Phakousonh Cheyenne , Rasmussen Justin , Schotte Jonathan
Published: January 2017

We are the 2016 Project Elijah Payload team, and we were excited to work on the payload and perform some cool experiments. This report goes in detail about the payload design, vegetation health monitoring system, immersive experience, stabilization system, and the air quality system.
Badger Robotic Mining Team
Authors: Atruktsang Tashi
Published: January 2017

This is a paper on the Badger Robotic Mining Team, their organization and the year of work that the students put into their robot and the organization. This paper will cover the background of the project, its importance and how the team spent the year working on their robot in terms of their mechanical side of the project as well as the controls side.
Lake Michigan Launchers Black Brant II
Authors: Kasper Monica , Abbott Alex , Lee Nathaniel , Haag Jacob , Krueger Bradley
Published: January 2017

The objective of the 2015-2016 Collegiate Rocket Launch aimed to model and scale a historical rocket no longer in use. The Lake Michigan Launchers chose to model the Black Brant II and used a J class motor in order for the rocket to propel between 2500â€™ and 3500â€™. The construction of the rocket itself and the prediction of apogee depending on wind speed and temperature were the two most vital parts of the research. We aimed to have a successful flight along with an accurate prediction on the day of the launch using precise construction techniques and accurate predictions of the highest altitude the Black Brant II will fly.
Changes in Climate, Forest Phenology, and Forest Disturbances Around Western Lake Superior
Authors: Garcia Matthew
Published: January 2017

This work proceeds from two hypotheses. First, we can explain much of the observed seasonal and year-to-year variability in forest phenology using weather and climate observations. Seasonal forest phenology is driven by the progress of the warm season: it is observed that frost events can stop spring growth and that seasonal droughts can degrade forest health. What we donâ€™t quite know yet is how strong the roles of climate change and weather variability are in these processes. Second, linking anomalies in observed phenology (by remote sensing methods) with climatological analyses can indicate the occurrence, extent, and possible causes of forest disturbances. We pursue two primary interests here: (1) observations of regional climatology and its variability in the area around western Lake Superior, and (2) identifying the influence of climate variability on forest phenology and disturbances in that area.
Active Cooling Camera Modification for Improved Astronomy Data Collection
Authors: Christopherson Christopher
Published: January 2017

Using Digital Single Lens Reflex (DLSR) cameras modified to be sensitive into the infrared are an inexpensive entry into astrophotography. Such a camera was used for wide-field, narrowband observations of the Cygnus Superbubble in the Observing Nebulosities project (Christopherson and Kaltcheva, 2015). One of the downfalls to using a DLSR for such a study is the inefficiency of collecting data from the buildup of heat in the sensor during data collection and the noise introduced into the images as a result. For this project an active cooling modification was designed and installed on a DSLR camera allowing the camera sensor to be cooled and held at a temperature below ambient conditions to reduce noise in speed up the data collection process.
Director's Welcome
Authors: Crosby Kevin M
Published: January 2017

Preface to the Proceedings of the 26thÂ Annual Wisconsin Space Conference
Rule-base reduction in Fuzzy Rule Interpolation-based Q-learning
Authors: Vincze Dávid , Kovács Szilveszter
Published: February 2017

The method called Fuzzy Rule Interpolation-based Q-learning (FRIQ-learning for short) uses a fuzzy rule interpolation method to be the reasoning engine applied within Q-learning. This method was introduced previously by the authors along with a rule-base construction extension for FRIQlearning, which can construct the requested FRI fuzzy model from scratch in a reduced size, implementing an incremental creation strategy. The rule-base created this way will most probably contain only those rules which were significant during the construction process, but have no important role in the final rule-base. Also there can be rules which became redundant (can be calculated by using fuzzy rule interpolation) thanks to another rule in the finished rule base. The goal of the paper is to introduce possible methods, which aim to find and remove the redundant and unnecessary rules from the rule-base automatically by using variations of newly developed decremental rule base reduction strategies. The paper also includes an application example presenting the applicability of the methods via a well known reinforcement learning example: the cart-pole simulation.
Practical Implementation of Second Generation Wavelet Transformation on 2D Images by Transformation Matrixes
Authors: Piros Sandor J. , Korondi Peter
Published: February 2017

To perform second generation wavelet transformation in digital signal processing is a common operation. Most obvious way to carry out this task is by program cycle management. Computational software usually executes direct matrix algebraic operations much faster, compared to cycles. Avoiding organizing cycles, can increase the processing speed by magnitudes. This paper introduces transformation matrixes to execute the key steps of wavelet transformation: filtering and downsampling. By the employment of the described transformational matrixes, wavelet transformation and filtering of two dimensional images or discrete datasets could be easier and faster.