bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria
Authors: Uchenna Okoye Lawrence , Olokoyo Felicia , I. Okoh Johnson , Ezeji Felix , Uzohue Rhoda
Published: August 2020

Banks are expected to operate within acceptable standards of governance for consistent profitable operations. They run heavily on customer deposits, which is confidence-driven. Since the quality of governance is critical to winning and retaining customer confidence and patronage, the imperative for good governance practices in banks cannot be overemphasized. This research paper explores the nexus between governance practices and bank profitability in Nigeria. It adopts the size of bank board and directors’ stake as proxies for corporate governance, with return on assets and return on equity as representations for financial performance. The research incorporates firm size as a controlled variable. The estimation technique of the Generalized Method of Moments was employed. Evidence from the research reveals that board size, directors’ equity, and firm size substantially affect Nigerian banks’ financial performance. Besides, the study shows a robust effect of lagged return on equity on the current level of performance. Therefore, the study asserts that governance in business entities strongly affects their financial performance and recommends maintaining optimum board size to minimize boardroom conflicts. It further prescribes that the requirement for substantial equity stake by directors of banking institutions be sustained, as it secures commitment to governance practices that support profitability. AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge the support of Covenant University towards the publication of this paper.
Plugged or Unplugged Teaching: A Case Study of Students’ Preferences in the Teaching of Programming
Authors: ERÜMIT Ali Kürsat , SAHIN Güven
Published: August 2020

This study is an investigation of the effects of plugged and unplugged activities in a programming course using the Programming in Seven Steps (PSS) model on pupils' satisfaction and activity type preferences. A case study method was used in the classroom was the case. Data included students' diary, their responses on semi-structured interview forms, and semi-structured interviews with a selected sub-set of students. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis technique. It has been found that there are different factors that positively affect student satisfaction for "Conditional Structures", "Variables" and "Loops" courses that are processed according to YAP model. In addition, students' preferences and reasons for activity type differ. Study results show that training students with their preferred activity types increases their satisfaction and enable them to overcome associated difficulties more easily. It is concluded that because the PSS model is effective with students with different learning environment preferences, it can be used as a model to increase learner satisfaction with programming instruction.
Mısırda Bazı Özelliklerin Genetik Analizi
Authors: ERDAL Şekip , CENGİZ Rahime , ÖZTÜRK Ahmet , PAMUKÇU Mehmet , CENGİZ Bülent , DİNÇER Cüneyt , SCOTT Marvin Paul
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı mısırda çiçeklenme süresi, bitki boyu, tane/koçan oranı, tane nemi ve bin tane ağırlığı gibi bazı özelliklerde genetik parametreleri incelemek, hatların ve melezlerin uyum yeteneklerini belirleyerek gelecek dönem çalışmaları için seleksiyonlar yapmaktır. 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında 8 mısır hattı Griffing Metod III’e göre melezlemelere alınmış, elde edilen 56 adet mısır melezi 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Antalya ve Sakarya lokasyonlarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak denenmiştir. Çalışmada genotipler, genel kombinasyon yeteneği ve özel kombinasyon yeteneği etkileri bakımından önemli bulunurken, resiprokal etkilerin bu özelliklerde önemsiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırmada, bu özelliklerde eklemeli gen etkilerinin baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek dar (0.82) ve geniş anlamda kalıtım dereceleri (0.90) çiçeklenme süresinden alınırken, en düşük değerler tane/koçan oranında sırasıyla 0.20 ve 0.27 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yüksek kalıtım dereceleri nedeniyle tane/koçan oranı hariç diğer özelliklerde doğrudan seleksiyonların yapılabileceği öngörülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda, erkencilik ve düşük tane nemine sahip çeşit geliştirme çalışmaları için, M1, M2, M3 ve A1 hatları, bitki boyu için S1 ve S2 hatları, tane /koçan oranı için M3 ve A1 hatları ve bin tane ağırlığı için A1, S1 ve M3 hatları seçilerek ıslah programlarına aktarılmıştır.
The spatial pattern of periphytic algae communities and its corresponding mechanism to environmental variables in the Weihe River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Yixin , Fu Jiaxu , Cheng Dandong , Lin Qidong , Su Ping , Wang Xinxin , Sun Haotian
Published: August 2020

Periphytic algae is a useful indicator of aquatic ecological conditions. We investigated the periphytic algae on natural substrate and the environmental variables at 44 sites on three river systems in the Weihe River Basin (WRB). A total of 84 species are identified, representing 37 genera. The most common genera were Navicula, Oscillatoria, Nitzschia, Scenedesmus, Cymbell, and Fragilaria. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences among the three river systems in environmental variables (p < 0.05). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses also showed differences in periphytic algae communities in the three river systems (p < 0.05) and identified different dominant species in each river system. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that nutrient concentration, WT, and altitude were the most important variables affecting the structure and distribution of periphytic algae communities. Chemical variables were the most accounted for environmental variables (12.5%), while physical variable and geographical factors (5.8% in total) play a relevant minor role. Our results demonstrate that Navicula pupula, Navicula radiosq, Nitzschia palea, and Nitzschia denticula, exhibiting wide ecological amplitude, are tolerant of high concentrations of nutrient pollution. Variation of periphytic algae communities in WRB is due to the combination of anthropogenic and natural factors including agricultural and domestic wastes water inputting, land use patterns, geology, climatic changes, and river hydrology.
Experimental investigation of titanium dioxide as an adsorbent for removal of Congo red from aqueous solution, equilibrium and kinetics modeling
Authors: Abbas Moussa
Published: August 2020

The adsorption of Congo red onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) material has been investigated at batch conditions. The effects of contact time (0–60 min), initial pH (3–11), agitation speed (100–500 rpm), temperature (298–343 K), adsorbent dosage (0.5–2 g/L), and Congo red concentration (5–15 mg/L) on the Congo red adsorption by TiO2 have been studied. The kinetic parameters, rate constants, and equilibrium adsorption capacities were calculated and discussed for each kinetic model. The adsorption of Congo red onto TiO2 is well described by the pseudo-second order equation. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model, providing a better fit of the equilibrium data. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to optimize the physical parameters on the Congo red removal efficiency. It has been found that 152 mg/g at 25 °C is removed. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process with activation energy (Ea) of −64.193 kJ/mol. The positive value of the entropy (ΔS°) clearly shows that the randomness is decreased at the solid–solution interface during the Congo red adsorption onto TiO2, indicating that some structural exchange may occur among the active sites of the adsorbent and the ions.
Comparisons and improvements of eco-compensation standards for water resource protection in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Authors: Liu Mengkai , Guo Jing
Published: August 2020

Reasonable eco-compensation standards are conducive to increasing the enthusiasm of residents in the water source area of the water diversion project for ecological environmental protection and maintenance and for improving the water quality security of the water receiving area. In this paper, a comparative analysis of calculation mechanisms, formulas, and results of 7 types of eco-compensation standard methods for the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China is conducted. The research shows that the calculated results for the 7 types of methods differ greatly and considers that the cost and ecological service value methods are appropriate. Using this as the basic method to consider introducing market value of water resources, internal income of water source area, and government financial support for method improvement, the results show that the improved methods can reduce the gap between the per capita income of the water source area and the reference area, increase the satisfaction of both the water receiving area and the water source area, and provide support for overall socioeconomic development.
Hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride with nanoscale nickeled zero-valent iron @ reduced graphene oxide: kinetics, pathway, and mechanisms
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Zhen , Yang Qi , Wang Yeyao , Liu Zhaoxiang , Yang Zhilin
Published: August 2020

In recent years, carbon tetrachloride (CT) has been frequently detected in surface water and groundwater around the world; it is necessary to find an effective way to treat wastewater contaminated with it. In this study, Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were immobilized on reduced graphene oxide (NF@rGO), and used to dechlorinate CT in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the two-dimensional structure of rGO could disperse nanoparticles commendably. The results of batch experiments showed that the 4N4F@rGO (Fe/GO = 4 wt./wt., and Ni/Fe = 4 wt.%) could reach a higher reduction capacity (143.2 mgCT/gcatalyst) compared with Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (91.7 mgCT/gcatalyst) and Fe0 nanoparticles (49.8 mgCT/gcatalyst) respectively. That benefited from the nickel metal as a co-catalyst, which could reduce the reaction activation energy of 6.59 kJ/mol, and rGO as an electrical conductivity supporting material could further reduce the reaction activation energy of 4.73 kJ/mol as presented in the conceptual model. More complete dechlorination products were generated with the use of 4N4F@rGO. Based on the above results, the reductive pathway of CT and the catalytic reaction mechanism have been discussed.
Advanced electrochemical treatment of real biotreated petrochemical wastewater by boron doped diamond anode: performance, kinetics, and degradation mechanism
Authors: Li Hao , Kuang Xinmou , Qiu Congping , Shen Xiaolan , Zhang Botao , Li Hua
Published: August 2020

Petrochemical wastewater is difficult to process because of various types of pollutants with high toxicity. With the improvement in the national discharge standard, traditional biochemical treatment methods may not meet the standards and further advanced treatment techniques would be required. In this study, electrochemical oxidation with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode as post-treatment was carried out for the treatment of real biotreated petrochemical wastewater. The effects of current density, pH value, agitation rate, and anode materials on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and current efficiency were studied. The results revealed the appropriate conditions to be a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, a pH value of 3, and an agitation rate of 400 rpm. Moreover, as compared with the graphite electrode, the BDD electrode had a higher oxidation efficiency and COD removal efficiency. Furthermore, GC-MS was used to analyze the final degradation products, in which ammonium chloride, formic acid, acetic acid, and malonic acid were detected. Finally, the energy consumption was estimated to be 6.24 kWh·m−3 with a final COD of 30.2 mg·L−1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 without the addition of extra substances. This study provides an alternative for the upgrading of petrochemical wastewater treatment plants.
“La paradoja de la movilidad y la ciudadanía”: domicialización y documentación tras la deportación en Tijuana
Authors: Pinillos Gabriela
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la interacción de la condición de documentación con el acceso a vivienda y la movilidad urbana de personas que viven en Tijuana, México, después de la deportación desde Estados Unidos. Con un enfoque inductivo, entrevistas semiestructuradas a 17 funcionarios y activistas, y con la entrevista de corte biográfico, se realizó un análisis a profundidad sustentado en 23 casos. Los resultados muestran que la visión domiciliada del ciudadano en México responde a la de una ciudadanía fija espacialmente, es decir, el acceso a vivienda fija requiere la posesión de documentos de identidad y viceversa. Quienes logran acceder a dichos documentos tienen mayor facilidad para rentar una vivienda, mientras que quienes no lo logran dependen más de la oferta de albergues y se mantienen en constante movimiento intraurbano lo que, a su vez, los somete a una permanente vigilancia y control de la policía.
DISCOURSE AND TRANSLATION IN CULTURAL DIMENSION: THE DISCURSIVE FEATURES OF THE TRANSLATION DISHARMONY
Authors: Kushnina Liudmila V.
Published: August 2020

The author considers the translational discourse problems, focusing on the discourse and translation cultural dimension. This study was performed within the author’s concept of translation space, which relates to culturally-oriented concepts of translation. The key concepts include harmony and disharmony. If harmony, which acts as the axiological dominant of translation, has already been studied quite extensively, disharmony is usually studied only in opposition to the harmony.
This article aims to analyze the disharmony, which can be regarded as an axiological anti-dominant translation. This study employs the material of art and popular science discourses. The methodological basis of the study is a synergistic approach: in the case of a synergy of meanings, a qualitative-harmonious translation is achieved, as a result of which the text/discourse of translation becomes a fact of the host culture and enriches it. The absence of a synergistic effect due to the increment of culturally marked meanings in the recipient field indicates a manifestation of disharmony.
The results establish the main discursive features of the translation disharmony, which are represented by the following types: errors, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies. In general, two types of translation disharmony are distinguished: the disharmony at the level of understanding and the disharmony at the level of expression, which are of a gradual nature. In the first case, translation errors and translation inconsistencies associated with a complete or partial distortion of the meanings of the original text are analyzed. In the second case, translation errors and translation inaccuracies are associated with an unclear expression of meanings in the text of the translation.
THE LITERARY LANDSCAPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA IN N. A. LUKHMANOVA’S “ESSAYS FROM THE LIFE IN SIBERIA”
Authors: Pershina Alyona I. , Ertner Elena N.
Published: August 2020

The subject of this article is the literary landscape of Western Siberia, which was represented in “Essays from life in Siberia” (1895) by Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lukhmanova.
The relevance of this research is determined by the increased importance of studying “local” texts of Russian culture, including the need for a more detailed study of the phenomenon of Siberia.
The mythopoetics of landscape in N. Lukhmanova’s “Essays” is considered in the context of prose of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries (G. Uspensky, K. Nosilov). The literary context of the study of “Siberian” texts for the first time includes the stories by S. I. Kartsevsky. The geographical imagery of Western Siberia is reconstructed in the texts under consideration from the point of view of philological analysis, which allows determining the features of representation of the Place in the creative thinking of a particular writer and identifying the individual author’s view of the depicted locus.
“Essays from life in Siberia” by N. Lukhmanova reflect different points of view on the landscape of the Siberian city. Geographical remoteness, climatic conditions, and the closed way of life of old believers form the image of a fortress city, “the country behind the Stone”. The reflected provincial way of life of the city is destroyed on the pages of “Essays” with the arrival of merchant children who were educated in the capital, the growth of industry, the laying of the railway.
Siberia in the minds of newcomers appears “a remote, lost place”, while in the perception of Siberians it is the “native land”, “Paradise”. N. Lukhmanova’s “Essays” reflect the “double mythologem” of Western Siberia: it is “alien”, closed space and at the same time “one’s own”, “reserved”, and “secret”.
THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE IN THE FACTORY SETTLEMENTS OF THE URAL IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Ryazanov Sergey M.
Published: August 2020

The local Ural material on the 19th century police has attracted researchers only since the second half of the 1990s. Yet, it mainly concerned the South Ural, as special studies in the Middle Ural and in the Vyatka Ural have not been carried out. This article aims to fill in this lacuna.
The object of this study is the transformation of the factory police in the 19th century. The relevance of this topic for historical science lies in the active character of the processes, associated with modernization, and the timeliness of the police reform. To study this, the author has used such historical methods, as historical-genetic, historical-comparative, and historical-typological.
This article has examined the measures taken by the authorities of the Urals to improve the police supervision of factory settlements in the second half of the 19th century. The author has compared the pre-reform and new police states, emphasizing the development of the Izhevsk and Votkinsk factory settlements police.
The results show that the slowness in carrying out police reforms led to an increase in unrest and crime in factories. The redistribution of local police resources, intended for the countryside, to the cities and factories of the Ural could somewhat mitigate the negative consequences of the inaction of the central government.
Thus, the liquidation of the mountain police in the middle of the 19th century significantly weakened police forces in factory settlements, which were restored only in the 1890s.
Microwave-Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Variously Functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones
Authors: Said Awad I. , Haukka Matti , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: August 2020

[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones with varied functionalization patterns
were synthesized in a regioselective manner by reacting 2-thioxo-2,3-
dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (2) with variously functionalized hydrazonoyl chlorides (3ah).
Linear regioselectivity of the formed products was confirmed by X-ray measurements.
Under microwave conditions, the reactions were completed in a few minutes without a
change in the regioselectivity.
Molecular Docking and Virtual Screening Based Prediction of Drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Talluri Sekhar
Published: August 2020

Aims:

To predict potential drugs for COVID-19 by using molecular docking for virtual screening of drugs approved for other clinical applications.

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 is the betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It was listed as a potential global health threat by the WHO due to high mortality, high basic reproduction number, and lack of clinically approved drugs and vaccines. The genome of the virus responsible for COVID-19 has been sequenced. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of the main protease has been determined experimentally.

Objective:

To identify potential drugs that can be repurposed for treatment of COVID-19 by using molecular docking based virtual screening of all approved drugs.

Methods:

A list of drugs approved for clinical use was obtained from the SuperDRUG2 database. The structure of the target in the apo form, as well as structures of several target-ligand complexes, were obtained from RCSB PDB. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro determined from X-ray diffraction data was used as the target. Data regarding drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 was obtained from clinicaltrials.org. Input for molecular docking based virtual screening was prepared by using Obabel and customized python, bash, and awk scripts. Molecular docking calculations were carried out with Vina and SMINA, and the docked conformations were analyzed and visualized with PLIP, Pymol, and Rasmol.

Results:

Among the drugs that are being tested in clinical trials for COVID-19, Danoprevir and Darunavir were predicted to have the highest binding affinity for the Main protease (Mpro) target of SARS-CoV-2. Saquinavir and Beclabuvir were identified as the best novel candidates for COVID-19 therapy by using Virtual Screening of drugs approved for other clinical indications.

Conclusion:

Protease inhibitors approved for treatment of other viral diseases have the potential to be repurposed for treatment of COVID-19.
A Promising Strategy for Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Intravitreal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome
Authors: Li Dongli , Gong Yuanyuan
Published: August 2020

:

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a leading cause of optic nerverelated
permanent visual impairment among individuals of over 50 years of age after glaucoma. Due to
perplexing disorder regarding its pathogenesis, there is still no widely accepted and established treatment
plan. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the rare stem cell types that therapeutic agents
for immunomodulation and ischemic tissue repair in clinical practice. However, there are certain disadvantages
in using MSCs, such as potential tumorigenicity, need for autologous collection, and short
survival time. Previous evidence suggested that MSC-exosome significantly attenuated post-ischemic
neuronal damage and induced long-term neuroprotection associated with enhanced angiogenesis in
MSCs.

:

Therefore, we hypothesized that the intravitreal administration of MSC-exosome could be a potentially
effective therapeutic approach for NAION by using a similar mechanism via promoting angiogenesis,
neuro-regeneration, and neurological recovery, suppressing oxidative stress and reducing apoptosis,
and suppressing inflammation and immunity based on its biological structure and function in NAION.
Questions that need to be answered before testing clinically include dose regimen, injection frequency,
the optimal duration of treatment, and duration of medication.
Photodynamic Effects of Vitamin K3 on Cervical Carcinoma Cells Activating Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Xin Yong , Guo Wenwen , Yang Chunsheng , Huang Qian , Zhang Pei , Zhang Longzhen , Jiang Guan
Published: August 2020

Background:

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a photoactivation or photosensitization process,
wherein vitamin K3 (Vit K3) serves as a photosensitizer to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) against
bacteria at appropriate wavelengths. In this study, we used Vit K3 treatment combined with Ultraviolet radiation
A (UVA) to produce photodynamic effects on cervical cancer.

Methods:

The dose-concentration relationship between Vit K3 treatment and UVA on tumor cells was analyzed
through the Cell Counting Kit-8 method. Then, the morphological characteristics of apoptosis cells were observed
through fluorescent staining and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis after treatment with Vit K3 treatment,
UVA, and Vit K3 treatment plus UVA was further observed through Western blot analysis, flow cytometry,
and TUNEL assay. The xenograft models from HeLa cells were established for the exploration of the photodynamic
effect of Vit K3 treatment on cervical cancer in vivo.

Results:

Vit K3 treatment plus UVA reduced tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies
indicated that Vit K3 treatment plus UVA can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the apoptosis of cervical cancer
cells. In the combination group, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma-
extra large (Bcl-xl), and cytochrome c (cyt-c) increased obviously, whereas the expression level of Bcell
lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) decreased relative to the expression levels of UVA- or Vit K3-treated cells. In the in
vivo experiments, tumor growth was inhibited significantly in the VitK3 treatment plus UVA group. Additionally,
we demonstrated that the combination therapy mediated an increase in cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved
caspase-9 expression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression in vivo.

Conclusion:

Our results showed that Vit K3 treatment combined with UVA exerted photodynamic effects on
cervical cancer cells by activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
Analisis Wacana Kritis Pendidikan Multikultural dan Pendidikan Nilai Dalam Buku Teks Sejarah SMA
Authors: Tricahyono Danan , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Ediyono Suryo
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui wacana pendidikan multikultural dan pendidikan nilai dalam buku teks pelajaran sejarah SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi analisis wacana kritis dari Norman Fairclough yang terdiri dari tiga tahap. Pertama analisis teks, kedua analisis praktik diskursif, Ketiga praksis sosial. Analisis penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan cara deskripsi, interpretasi dan eksplanasi. Peneliti melakukan analisis terhadap buku teks Sejarah Indonesia kelas X revisi tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ditemukan sebelas narasi teks yang merepresentasikan pendidikan multikultural dan pendidikan nilai. Pada bab I Menelusuri Peradaban Awal Di Kepulauan Indonesia terdapat satu wacana toleransi terhadap keberagaman suku bangsa di Indonesia. Pada bab II Pedagang, Penguasa Dan Pujangga Masa Klasik (Hindu Dan Budha) terdapat wacana toleransi terhadap keberagaman etnis dan agama. Pada bab III Islamisasi dan Silang Budaya di Nusantara terdapat wacana gotong royong, akulturasi dan humanisme. Simpulan penelitian peranan guru menjadi penting untuk menghadirkan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter. Melalui proses pembiasaan dan keteladanan yang diambil dari muatan buku teks tentang nilai multikulturalisme dan pendidikan nilai guna dijadikan pedoman bagi siswa untuk berperilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
The Roles Of Woman In Nggorea Village In Order To Increase The Economic Social Of Family By Local Weaving Cloth Heritage
Authors: Sulaiman Hasti
Published: August 2020

The aims of this research is to describe the roles of woman in Nggorea village in order to increase the economic social of family by local weaving cloth heritage. This research is a descriptive qualitative. Data collected by direct observation, documentation, and interview. In this research shows that beside as the housewife, the woman at Nggorea village roles to increase the economic in their family by using the local weaving cloth, which is the culture heritage of the ancestor. Generally, the activity of weaving by woman in Nggorea village is just to spend their time after finishing the homework and to continue the culture heritage. The product of woven cloth can be used as the daily clothing and as used at the culture ceremony. Meanwhile, to fulfill their daily life needs are getting by gardening and fishing. However, the product of woven cloth is known by many people and the function of the woven cloth is varied such as to make a coat, bag, skirt, blanket, and so on. The quality of woven cloth give an effect to its price, so it can influenced the economic social of Nggorea society. There are some kinds of social economic increasing at Nggorea village, such as fulfill the life needs and to get the higher education so that it can influence to the better social life. Automatically it influenced to the social status of society.
Кинетика роста планарных нитевидных нанокристаллов
Authors: Дубровский В.Г. , Штром И.В.
Published: August 2020

A kinetic equation is obtained which describes the elongation rate of planar semiconductor nanowires growing via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism in the substrate plane. Theoretical analysis of different regimes depending on the nanowire radius and epitaxial conditions shows that planar growth of nanowires can be limited by either the Gibbs-Thomson effect in a catalyst droplet (for small droplet size) or surface diffusion of adatoms (for larger nanowire radii. Diffusion-like dependence of the growth rate on the nanowire radius R has the form R^(-m), where the power exponent equal 1, 3/2 or 2 depending on the mechanism of surface diffusion transport.
Коммутация высоковольтных импульсов в устройствах на основе открытого разряда в азоте и кислороде
Authors: Бохан П.А. , Гугин П.П. , Закревский Д.Э. , Ким В.А. , Лаврухин М.А.
Published: August 2020

Comparative studies of the switching characteristics of devices based on an open discharge - kivotrons in molecular gases (nitrogen and oxygen), as well as their mixtures with helium - have been carried out. The choice of nitrogen and oxygen is due to the fact that the emission coefficients of electrons under the action of their heavy particles are much higher than for helium. It is shown that for this case, as well as with the predominance of the photoelectronic emission mechanism in helium, it is also possible to create fast switches. Their advantage is significantly lower requirements for the cleanliness of the working environment.
Генерация затопленной струи при лазерном нагреве поверхности жидкости
Authors: Чудновский В.М. , Юсупов В.И.
Published: August 2020

It was found experimentally that when the water surface is heated by CW laser radiation through the optical fiber with a wavelength of 1.94 μm, jets are generated : one is submerged, directed inward
liquid, the other directed in the opposite direction into the atmosphere. Jets are formed
when the gas cavity collapses, arising in the process of explosive boiling of water caused by
absorption of laser radiation directly under the fiber tip. The mechanism of jet formation is discussed.
Compensatory Social Networking Site Use, Family Support, and Depression Among College Freshman: Three-Wave Panel Study
Authors: Zhou Mingjie , Li Fugui , Wang Yanhong , Chen Shuang , Wang Kexin
Published: August 2020

Background

Freshmen were found to use social networking sites (SNS) as a useful medium to effectively adjust to college life, which hints at a tendency to resort to SNS for social compensation. However, the compensatory use of SNS is usually problematic.

Objective

This study explores why a subgroup of freshmen developed depressive symptoms while socially adjusting to college by investigating the antecedent role of introversion, the explanatory role of compensatory use of SNS, and the protective role of perceived family support. The study is among the first to point out the relevance of the compensatory use of SNS in explaining the indirect association between introversion and depression with a longitudinal design.

Methods

A 3-wave panel sample of freshmen (N=1137) is used to examine the moderated mediation model.

Results

We found that introversion at Wave 1 positively predicted compensatory use of SNS at Wave 2 and subsequently increased depression at Wave 3 (unstandardized B=0.07, SE 0.02, P<.001, 95% CI 0.04-0.10; unstandardized B=0.09, SE 0.01, P<.001, 95% CI 0.06-0.12). The moderated mediation model further examined the buffering role of perceived family support within the link between introversion and compensatory SNS use (index=0.0031, SE 0.0015, 95% CI 0.0003-0.0062). Unexpectedly, we found that family support in Wave 1 decreased compensatory SNS use for less introverted freshmen in Wave 2 and further decreased depression in Wave 3.

Conclusions

Unexpectedly, our findings uncover an enhancing effect, rather than a buffering effect, of family support by embedding its effect within the relationship between introversion and compensatory SNS use. Appreciating the differences in the casual pathways for freshmen with different levels of introversion clarifies how SNS affect young adults' lives.
Web-Based Cognitive Testing of Older Adults in Person Versus at Home: Within-Subjects Comparison Study (Preprint)
Authors: Cyr Andrée-Ann , Romero Kristoffer , Galin-Corini Laura
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Web-based research allows cognitive psychologists to collect high-quality data from a diverse pool of participants with fewer resources. However, web-based testing presents unique challenges for researchers and clinicians working with aging populations. Older adults may be less familiar with computer usage than their younger peers, leading to differences in performance when completing web-based tasks in their home versus in the laboratory under the supervision of an experimenter.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to use a within-subjects design to compare the performance of healthy older adults on computerized cognitive tasks completed at home and in the laboratory. Familiarity and attitudes surrounding computer use were also examined.

METHODS

In total, 32 community-dwelling healthy adults aged above 65 years completed computerized versions of the word-color Stroop task, paired associates learning, and verbal and matrix reasoning in 2 testing environments: at home (unsupervised) and in the laboratory (supervised). The paper-and-pencil neuropsychological versions of these tasks were also administered, along with questionnaires examining computer attitudes and familiarity. The order of testing environments was counterbalanced across participants.

RESULTS

Analyses of variance conducted on scores from the computerized cognitive tasks revealed no significant effect of the testing environment and no correlation with computer familiarity or attitudes. These null effects were confirmed with follow-up Bayesian analyses. Moreover, performance on the computerized tasks correlated positively with performance on their paper-and-pencil equivalents.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings show comparable performance on computerized cognitive tasks in at-home and laboratory testing environments. These findings have implications for researchers and clinicians wishing to harness web-based testing to collect meaningful data from older adult populations.

CLINICALTRIAL
Measuring Criterion Validity of Microinteraction Ecological Momentary Assessment (Micro-EMA): Exploratory Pilot Study With Physical Activity Measurement (Preprint)
Authors: Ponnada Aditya , Thapa-Chhetry Binod , Manjourides Justin , Intille Stephen
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an in situ method of gathering self-report on behaviors using mobile devices. In typical phone-based EMAs, participants are prompted repeatedly with multiple-choice questions, often causing participation burden. Alternatively, microinteraction EMA (micro-EMA or μEMA) is a type of EMA where all the self-report prompts are single-question surveys that can be answered using a 1-tap glanceable microinteraction conveniently on a smartwatch. Prior work suggests that μEMA may permit a substantially higher prompting rate than EMA, yielding higher response rates and lower participation burden. This is achieved by ensuring μEMA prompt questions are quick and cognitively simple to answer. However, the validity of participant responses from μEMA self-report has not yet been formally assessed.

OBJECTIVE

In this pilot study, we explored the criterion validity of μEMA self-report on a smartwatch, using physical activity (PA) assessment as an example behavior of interest.

METHODS

A total of 17 participants answered 72 μEMA prompts each day for 1 week using a custom-built μEMA smartwatch app. At each prompt, they self-reported whether they were doing sedentary, light/standing, moderate/walking, or vigorous activities by tapping on the smartwatch screen. Responses were compared with a research-grade activity monitor worn on the dominant ankle simultaneously (and continuously) measuring PA.

RESULTS

Participants had an 87.01% (5226/6006) μEMA completion rate and a 74.00% (5226/7062) compliance rate taking an average of only 5.4 (SD 1.5) seconds to answer a prompt. When comparing μEMA responses with the activity monitor, we observed significantly higher (P<.001) momentary PA levels on the activity monitor when participants self-reported engaging in moderate+vigorous activities compared with sedentary or light/standing activities. The same comparison did not yield any significant differences in momentary PA levels as recorded by the activity monitor when the μEMA responses were randomly generated (ie, simulating careless taps on the smartwatch).

CONCLUSIONS

For PA measurement, high-frequency μEMA self-report could be used to capture information that appears consistent with that of a research-grade continuous sensor for sedentary, light, and moderate+vigorous activity, suggesting criterion validity. The preliminary results show that participants were not carelessly answering μEMA prompts by randomly tapping on the smartwatch but were reporting their true behavior at that moment. However, more research is needed to examine the criterion validity of μEMA when measuring vigorous activities.
The Role of the Legal Deposit Library in Bridging the Digital Divide: A Case Study of the Msunduzi Library in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Authors: Matlala Mpubane E.
Published: August 2020

In the 21st Century, the pace of globalization and the growth of Information Communication Technology (ICT) facilities, such as computers and the Internet are fuelling human advancement. The development of ICT applications plays a vital role in providing information access. Access to the Internet is not enough, but ICT applications and the intellectual knowledge, expertise and skills to use them to find relevant information and solve problems is what is essential. It is critical that people who have access are in a better position as compared to those who lack access. This gap is known as the “digital divide”. In this digital era of information, people who do not have access to the Internet are at a disadvantage. This paper examines the role of a Legal Deposit Library in managing the Digital Divide in the Pietermaritzburg area. This is informed by the idea that libraries play a significant role in helping to bridge the digital divide by providing free access to the Internet and other ICT tools to users. It is well known that the library is the only place where people can access free information through ICTs without any costs. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the collection of data. Data is therefore, obtained through self-administered questionnaires, interviews, and observation. This triangulation of methods of data collection is designed to increase the validity and reliability of the results. The findings indicated that the Msunduzi library plays a key role in the delivery of digital inclusion activities, community engagement and social inclusion. The results indicated that while the Msunduzi library has made a considerable effort to ensure provincial-wide access to ICT, which currently constitutes an effective instrument for meeting information needs, a considerable number of challenges still exist. The factors impeding easy access are unearthed in this article and therefore, the paper recommends that the public library should engage on more outreach programs in order to include more people of the communities as it is clear that, ICT tools are the requirements for accessing information and participating in the global knowledge system because the ability to access ICT tools has become important to individuals to connect economically, politically, and socially with others in the world.
Migrasi Internasional Pada Wanita di Kabupaten Tulungagung: Sebuah Konstruksi Sosial
Authors: - Anggaunitakiranantika
Published: August 2020

AbstrakBuruh Migran Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri, baik kategori legal maupun yang ilegal lebih banyak melibatkan tenaga kerja wanita salah satunya berasal dari Kabupaten Tulungagung, Propinsi Jawa Timur. Di Negara Hongkong jumlah TKI asal Propinsi Jawa Timur paling banyak, yakni mencapai sekitar 170.000 orang, disusul Taiwan sekitar 160.000, dan Malaysia sekitar 130.000 orang. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melakukan identifikasi pada ketertarikan wanita di Kabupaten Tulungagung pada untuk menjadi buruh migran di Hongkong yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teori konstruksi sosial. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan teknik purposive di Kabupaten Tulungagung meliputi 6 Kecamatan terpilih dengan melakukan observasi dan  in-depth interview pada 20 informan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi emigrasi wanita ke Hongkong sesuai dengan konstruksi sosial yang terbentuk adalah Adanya jaringan migran sukses yang berada di Hongkong dengan berbagai fasilitas, kemudahan dan kenyamanan yang ditawarkan, “social prestige” pada mereka yang bekerja sebagai buruh migran dan kebutuhan dalam jangka panjang.Kata Kunci: Hongkong, Konstruksi Sosial, Migrasi Internasional, Perempuan, TulungagungAbstractIndonesian domestic worker whose came from Tulungagung Regency, East Java has been engaged as women labor and known as legal or illegal worker abroad. Divided into destination labor proportion at East Java Province, Hongkong has the first position with 170.000 worker, followed by Taiwan on 160.000 and Malaysia at least 130.000 worker being there. Research was conducted to identify local women interest on being Indonesian domestic worker using social construction theory. Research was done on purposive technique by qualitative method at Tulungagung Regency which covered 6 chosen district. Observed at least 20 informan and having in-depth interviewed, research identified through some factor: based on social construction, succeed migrant network at Hongkong has bade on privilege and comfortable life. Hence, social prestige also offers for Indonesia domestic worker at Hongkong. Latest finding is about international migration was seen as necessary things in life for longtime needs among them.Keyword: Hongkong, International Migration, Social Construction, Tulungagung, Women
Potensi dan Prospek Wisata Halal Dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Daerah (Studi Kasus: Nusa Tenggara Barat)
Authors: Subarkah Alwafi Ridho
Published: August 2020

This study discusses halal tourism as an instrument of Indonesian public diplomacy to increase tourist visits and improve regional economics, because large halal tourism potential is expected to have an influence on the regional economy, especially for West Nusa Tenggara Province as a halal tourist destination. This study uses qualitative research with the concept of public diplomacy and halal tourism concepts. The results of this study indicate that Indonesian public diplomacy by presenting itself as a halal tourist destination is considered successful can attract foreign tourists, especially Muslim tourists and attract investment, as well as the development of halal tourism also has a positive increase, so that increased tourist visits and investments can be used to improve the economy areas such as West Nusa Tenggara as halal tourist destinations.
Gadget structures in proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem
Authors: Ramanathan Ravishankar , Rosicka Monika , Horodecki Karol , Pironio Stefano , Horodecki Michał , Horodecki Paweł
Published: August 2020

The Kochen-Specker theorem is a fundamental result in quantum foundations that has spawned massive interest since its inception. We show that within every Kochen-Specker graph, there exist interesting subgraphs which we term 01-gadgets, that capture the essential contradiction necessary to prove the Kochen-Specker theorem, i.e,. every Kochen-Specker graph contains a 01-gadget and from every 01-gadget one can construct a proof of the Kochen-Specker theorem. Moreover, we show that the 01-gadgets form a fundamental primitive that can be used to formulate state-independent and state-dependent statistical Kochen-Specker arguments as well as to give simple constructive proofs of an ``extended'' Kochen-Specker theorem first considered by Pitowsky in \cite{Pitowsky}.
Universal quantum modifications to general relativistic time dilation in delocalised clocks
Authors: Khandelwal Shishir , Lock Maximilian P.E. , Woods Mischa P.
Published: August 2020

The theory of relativity associates a proper time with each moving object via its world line. In quantum theory however, such well-defined trajectories are forbidden. After introducing a general characterisation of quantum clocks, we demonstrate that, in the weak-field, low-velocity limit, all ``good'' quantum clocks experience time dilation as dictated by general relativity when their state of motion is classical (i.e. Gaussian). For nonclassical states of motion, on the other hand, we find that quantum interference effects may give rise to a significant discrepancy between the proper time and the time measured by the clock. The universality of this discrepancy implies that it is not simply a systematic error, but rather a quantum modification to the proper time itself. We also show how the clock's delocalisation leads to a larger uncertainty in the time it measures – a consequence of the unavoidable entanglement between the clock time and its center-of-mass degrees of freedom. We demonstrate how this lost precision can be recovered by performing a measurement of the clock's state of motion alongside its time reading.
Reproductive aspects of Chiton virgulatus in Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Vélez-Arellano Nurenskaya , García-Domínguez Federico Andrés , Holguin-Quiñones Oscar Efraín , Obeso-Nieblas Maclovio
Published: August 2020

This study analyzed the reproductive cycle of Chiton virgulatus and its relationship with air temperature (AT) sea and surface temperature (SST), photoperiod, and tidal cycle (TC) in Bahía de La Paz, in the coast of the Gulf of California. Monthly samples were collected from September 2008 to September 2009. The parameters recorded included total length, total weight, and gonad weight of each organism; the gonad was processed using a histological technique, and the gonadal index and length at first maturity (L50) were estimated. C. virgulatus displays partial spawning with a reproductive peak in summer and autumn (July to December). The frequency of ripe organisms was associated with rises in SST (30.6 ºC), AT (29.9 ºC), and TC (68 cm, high tidal), while photoperiod (longer days) regulated the frequency of developing organisms. The length at first maturity was 29.7 mm. Chiton virgulatus is a polyplacophoran species in which high temperatures and high tides influence reproductive timing, while an increase in daylight boosts gonad development.
Development of six novel microsatellite markers for the Chilean red alga Pyropia orbicularis
Authors: Pérez-Lara Gabriel , Meynard Andrés , Alvear Paula , Bulboa-Contador Cristian , Contreras-Porcia Loretto
Published: August 2020

Mariculture of edible Porphyra/Pyropia species, which are cosmopolitan red foliose algae, represent an important source of income for the pharmaceutical and food industries. In Chile, the most common alga of this complex is Pyropia orbicularis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Here we report 6 microsatellite markers obtained from P. orbicularis through a genomic library from 10 individuals of the gametophytic phase by next generation (Illumina) sequencing. Polymorphism analyses were done from 10 individuals of the conchocelis phase, revealing an allelic diversity ranging from three to six alleles per locus, and observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranging from 0.200 to 0.995, and 0.250 to 0.610, respectively. A large proportion of genetic variance (61%) in P. orbicularis was among individuals within population, and 39% genetic variance was among populations. Nonetheless, these results should be interpreted with caution; further research using larger sample sizes is required. These polymorphic markers could be useful in future studies on population genetic structure, for conservation and applied purposes.