bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency-comb-referenced multiwavelength interferometry for high-precision and high-speed 3D measurement in heterogeneous semiconductor packaging
Authors: Park Jun Hyung , Kim Dae Hee , Chu Huy Hoang , Hahm Ji Won , Kang Guseon , Lee Dongil , Song Seyong , Kang Mingu , Kim Seung-Woo , Kim Young-Jin
Published: February 2025

As Moore’s law approaches its physical limits, the semiconductor industry has begun to focus on improving I/O density and power efficiency through 2.5D/3D packaging. Heterogeneous integration, which combines integrated circuit blocks from different linewidth processes into a single package, is central to these developments. To ensure stable connections with high yield in the back-end processes, high precision and high speed 3D surface measurement is the prerequisite. Existing methods such as white-light interferometry and confocal microscopy face challenges in balancing resolution, speed, and accuracy in 3D measurements. Here, we report a frequency-comb-referenced multiwavelength interferometry for the measurement of 3D sample profiles without 2π phase ambiguity for advanced packaging. Using four frequency-comb-referenced wavelengths with a fractional stability of 4.77 × 10−12, the measurement range was extended from ∼400 nm (λ/2) to 1 mm, with the measurement repeatability of 0.258 nm for 32 measurements. The standard step-height samples with 500-µm and 4.5-µm steps, as well as real industrial microbumps in heterogeneous integration packaging, were all successfully measured. Therein, we devised a sequential phase detection method, which enables 5,000 times faster solution determination than the traditional recursive excess fraction method, while maintaining its reliability under noisy conditions. As 2.5D/3D packaging architectures become increasingly complex, our approach will readily meet the critical industrial demands for high-precision and high-speed measurement of multiscale features in advanced semiconductor packaging.
The crystal structure of the double salt potassium 1-methylpiperazine-1,4-di-ium trinitrate, C5H14KN5O9
Authors: Shang Yi-Ping , Wu Jun-Ying , Yao Yu-Le , Liu Rui-Zheng , Liu Dan-Yang , Chen Lang
Published: February 2025

C5H14KN5O9, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.4760(3) Å, b = 14.0476(4) Å, c = 17.3708(5) Å, V = 2,556.33(13) Å3, Z = 8, T = 100 K, R

gt
(F) = 0.0226, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0607.
Extreme value techniques for stress scenario selection under elliptical symmetry and beyond
Authors: Zhou Menglin , Nolde Natalia
Published: February 2025

The paper considers the problem of stress scenario selection, known as reverse stress testing, in the context of portfolios of financial assets.
Stress scenarios are loosely defined as the most probable values of changes in risk factors for a given portfolio that lead to extreme portfolio losses.
We extend the estimator of stress scenarios proposed in [P. Glasserman, C. Kang and W. Kang, Stress scenario selection by empirical likelihood, Quant. Finance
15 (2015), 1, 25–41] under elliptical symmetry to address the issue of data sparsity in the tail regions by incorporating extreme value techniques.
The resulting estimator is shown to be consistent, asymptotically normally distributed and computationally efficient.
The paper also proposes an alternative estimator that can be used when the joint distribution of risk factor changes is not elliptical but comes from the family of skew-elliptical distributions.
We investigate the finite-sample performance of the two estimators in simulation studies and apply them on two financial portfolios.
Exploring the interactions in the mixtures of cationic Gemini and biologically significant anionic surfactant sodium cholate in presence of drug proponolol hydrochloride
Authors: Sood Ashwani Kumar , Aggarwal Meenu
Published: February 2025

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the binding properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients with mixture of surfactants with the aim of reducing the amount of the surfactants as well as the excipient for the pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery applications. Therefore, a study of the interactions between the ionic surfactant sodium cholate (SC) and a cationic Gemini surfactant (12-2-12) in the presence of the drug propanolol hydrochloride (PH) in aqueous solution was carried out using conductance measurements. The effect of temperature and composition of the mixture was evaluated using critical micelle concentration (CMC) and other related parameters. For the mixture of SC + 12-2-12 in aqueous PH solution, the CMC of the mixed systems (CMCexp) decreases with increasing temperature. However, at a fixed temperature, CMCexp tends to decrease with increasing mole fraction (α
1), reaching a minimum at α
1 ≈ 0.7 and increasing thereafter. The ideal value of the CMC (CMCid) is always higher than the experimental CMCexp, revealing synergistic interactions among the amphiphilic molecules studied. The free energy of micellization (ΔG
o
m) is negative, while the enthalpy and entropy of micellization (ΔH
o
m and ΔS
o
m) suggest the existence of hydrophobic interactions as the main driving force for micellization.
Higher-order corrections on the denaturation of homogeneous DNA thermodynamics
Authors: Pourhassan Behnam , Sakallı İzzet , Tüzmen Şükrü , Shi Xiaoping , Faizal Mir
Published: February 2025

DNA denaturation, the process of separating double-stranded DNA into single strands, plays a critical role in fundamental biological processes such as transcription, replication, and repair. Despite extensive studies on its thermodynamic properties, the effects of thermal fluctuations on DNA denaturation have not yet been explored. This paper addresses this gap by developing a statistical mechanical model to analyze homogeneous DNA denaturation thermodynamics with thermal fluctuations. Using the partition function framework, this study introduces two major corrections to the entropy of the system induced by thermal fluctuations: (1) a logarithmic correction of the leading order and (2) a higher-order correction term proportional to the inverse of the entropy. Analytical calculations and numerical analysis reveal that these corrections significantly influence the thermodynamic properties, including specific heat and free energy, leading to a more nuanced understanding of the DNA melting process. The corrected entropy modifies the specific heat profile, resulting in a sharp peak that reflects a first-order phase transition during DNA denaturation. The inclusion of higher-order corrections introduces asymmetry in the specific heat curve, highlighting the cooperative behavior of DNA melting. Furthermore, the free-energy analysis suggests the presence of intermediate states during strand separation, which are critical for understanding the initiation and propagation of the denaturation process. The results align well with experimental DNA melting profiles, particularly in the transition region, and provide insights into the microscopic mechanisms underlying DNA melting. This study not only advances the theoretical framework for DNA denaturation by explicitly incorporating thermal fluctuations but also offers a platform for future experimental validation and applications in biological systems. These findings have broader implications for understanding DNA stability under physiological conditions, cellular processes such as transcription initiation, and the role of ionic environments in modulating DNA thermodynamics.
Double Precarisation of Labour and Social Reproduction: Zambian Mineworkers’ Experience of Electricity Pricing
Authors: Musonda James
Published: February 2025

This article explores how increases in electricity tariffs for mining companies and domestic consumers affect the lives of Zambian mineworkers. It shows that, on the one hand, mining companies retrench workers, citing falling rates of profit, in a context in which unions are weak and workers have limited recourse, meaning loss of employment and uncertainty. On the other hand, given their low wages, the withdrawal of company social benefits, wage inflation and high indebtedness, increasing tariffs undermine mineworkers’ ability to meet their cost of living. In addition, it leads to conflicts about the efficient use of electricity at household level, increasing use of dirty fuels and vulnerability to criminality. This article argues that, for mineworkers, electricity tariff increases lead to a double precarisation – of labour and reproduction. The article draws on ethnographic field research conducted between 2015 and 2023 in two mining communities and two underground mine sites on the Zambian Copperbelt.
Principales características socioeconómicas de la actividad apícola en el municipio de Champotón, Campeche, en el año 2023
Authors: Marín Gutiérrez Braulio Cesar
Published: February 2025

El municipio de Champotón es el principal productor de miel en Campeche. El propósito del presente fue identificar y analizar las principales características socioeconómicas de los apicultores, así como el grado de asociación entre éstas y la tenencia de colmenas. Se obtuvo información mediante una encuesta por muestreo estadístico estratificado, los productores se agruparon en cuatro estratos: hasta 50 colmenas, de 51 a 100, de 101 a 150 y más de 150 colmenas. Se encontró que la apicultura es una actividad secundaria, la mayor parte de los productores son de edad avanzada y con amplia experiencia en la actividad, presentan una escolaridad básica y su capacidad de producción se sustenta en una tenencia promedio de 71 colmenas, distribuidas en cuatro apiarios. la principal variable que influyó en el número de colmenas fue la condición de productor organizado, del cual obtienen ventajas en la compra de insumos y venta de productos.
¡Pinche negra, regrésate a tu país! Experiencias de borramiento en la narrativa de mujeres negras-afromexicanas
Authors: Ledesma Hernández Claudia , Tena Guerrero Olivia
Published: February 2025

A partir de la década de 1990 inició el movimiento por el reconocimiento de personas y pueblos negros-afromexicanos, en el que cobró visibilidad la participación política de las mujeres negras, quienes adicionalmente impulsaron sus propias organizaciones para la exigencia de su reconocimiento y de sus demandas particulares.  En este contexto, tomando como eje de análisis el “borramiento racista-patriarcal”, desde una mirada de la teoría crítica, presentamos los resultados derivados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo recuperar, reconstruir y comprender las experiencias corporales de cuatro mujeres activistas negras-afromexicanas de la Costa Chica de Guerrero y Oaxaca, México. La investigación con enfoque cualitativo la desarrollamos en cuatro etapas: 1. Acercamiento al campo; 2. Construcción de una “Memoria Pública” para cada una de las activistas a partir de documentos públicos; 3. Co-producción de narrativas a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con apoyo de fotografías y 4. Co-reconstrucción de la Memoria Pública. A partir de la producción de narrativas de las participantes analizamos las alusiones al borramiento racista-patriarcal, en las cuales identificamos tres dimensiones: Estructural, Relacional y Corporal-Subjetiva.  En la dimensión estructural agrupamos narrativas  relativas a la experiencia de las mujeres frente a la negación histórica de la existencia de personas negras en México; en la dimensión relacional  identificamos alusiones a la extranjerización, exclusión y autoborrado experimentado en diferentes espacios de interacción y, en la dimensión corporal subjetiva, analizamos el impacto subjetivo ante experiencias de exclusión y estigma en las mujeres negras-afromexicanas, así como la objetivación y fragmentación de sus cuerpos asociadas a su hipersexualización. Discutimos en torno a las implicaciones para las mujeres negras de haber transitado por diferentes experiencias de resistencia frente al borramiento racista patriarcal, hasta asumirse activistas para su reconocimiento y autorreconocimiento como mujeres “orgullosamente negras”.
Immediate life-saving impacts of the Nigeria LNG neonatal respiratory support substation and staff training at Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: JN Mesiobi-Anene , O Kunle-Olowu , DT Evinson , TP Ajoko , SN Chinonyerem , HO Amadi
Published: February 2025

Efficient management of neonates with respiratory problems has been a challenge at the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH) Yenagua, Nigeria owing to lack of appropriate technologies to improve care. A recent initiative of SCBU-substation specifically tasked for neonatal respiratory support was installed at NDUTH, possessing effective features against all factors that limited the SCBU success rate in the past. The substation commenced service immediately after installation, delivering over 95% success rate across 23 patients treated within the first eight weeks of usage. The initiative is proving to be the most robust and efficient response to the challenge of neonatal respiratory support in Nigeria which should be adopted to tackle this LMIC neonatal care problem.
Lessons gleaned from the application of the Nigeria-LNG respiratory support substation in the initial short-term period at UBTH Benin-city
Authors: Idemudia Ebenovbe , Efeturi Ogochukwu , Brai Ann , O Ojokojo Abieyuwa , O Amadi Hippolite
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The use of bubble CPAP devices in the management of respiratory distressed (RD) neonates in Nigeria is becoming increasingly popular. However, issues of high cost of device procurement, low overall efficiency due to poor power supply, and the need for expensive pharmaceutical surfactant, still lead to unaffordable treatments making RD associated conditions to remain the highest contributors to neonatal mortality. The need for effective and affordable alternatives in the Nigerian practice is still the gap that must be bridged for the long-awaited survival of neonates who die from some preventable causes. A new alternative approach was recently launched and applied at the Special care Baby Unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).

Method: The respiratory support substation (RespSS) initiative was launched at UBTH and operated based on the algorithms of the politeheartCPAP® machine and other accompanying technologies within the installed RespSS. Patients were randomly assigned to the substation with ten cases being sub-admitted in the first 10 weeks after the launch of the RespSS. Most of the treated cases were of extremely-low birthweight or extremely preterm categories (25-26w GA, 680-1080g BW). Surfactant application was not compulsorily required and respiratory nasal cannula of <$0.5 was the only consumable requirement for the RespSS treatment.

Results: All the ten cases were successfully treated and sub-discharged from the RespSS in <10 days except the first three cases whose admissions occurred during the initial learning period on how to manage neonates in the RespSS.

Conclusion: The short-term outcome of the RespSS is a compelling eye-opener at the UBTH Centre. The RespSS idea could be the long-awaited game changer for the Nigerian and LMIC neonate.
An Open-Source Smartphone Otoacoustic Emissions Test for Infants
Authors: Ali Nada , Chan Justin , Meehan Anna , Collett Brent , Benki-Nugent Sarah , Bly Randall A. , Gollakota Shyam , Bonilla-Velez Juliana , Gallagher Emily R.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE

Universal hearing screening is essential for early identification of infants with hearing loss, yet there is a lack of low-cost, scalable equipment suitable for resource-constrained settings. Here we test a low-cost smartphone device for infant hearing screening.

METHODS

Infants aged 0 to 6 months were recruited from 3 ambulatory clinics at Seattle Children’s Hospital with a high prevalence of hearing loss. We compared results from a low-cost open-source distortion product otoacoustic emission (OAE) probe and smartphone app with results from a commercially available OAE device. Hearing status was confirmed using newborn hearing screening, diagnostic testing, or both. Primary outcomes were referral rate as well as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value compared with known hearing status.

RESULTS

Among N = 76 infants, the mean age at screening was 3.1 ± 1.9 months and 13% had hearing loss. Referral rates were 24% and 26% for the smartphone and conventional devices, respectively. Both devices demonstrated 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.69–1.00) and negative predictive value (95% CI, 0.94–1.00). Specificity was 88% (95% CI, 0.78–0.95) and 85% (95% CI, 0.74–0.92) for the smartphone and conventional devices, respectively. Positive predictive value was 56% (95% CI, 0.31–0.78) for the smartphone and 50% (95% CI, 0.27–0.73) for the conventional device.

CONCLUSION

The smartphone-based OAE device effectively screened hearing in high-prevalence infants. Thus, smartphone-based OAE detection may be a promising low-cost solution to the challenge of building scalable universal newborn and infant hearing screening programs in resource-constrained settings.
La Metodología UX como enfoque centrado en el estudiante: aplicación al diseño de material didáctico para el dibujo artístico
Authors: Zúñiga Salas Tatiana , Wang Qiu Karen , Marín Rodríguez Marianella
Published: February 2025

Después de la pandemia el uso de la tecnología es parte de la vida cotidiana en los entornos educativos. Actualmente, con los modelos híbridos, es importante que las personas estudiantes desarrollen actitudes autónomas en su proceso de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo es aplicar la metodología UX al diseño de material didáctico para el dibujo artístico. En la metodología UX el estudiantado es el centro de su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y se involucra en todo desde el diseño hasta la evaluación de los productos. La presente investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo para explorar la aplicación de la metodología UX e implementar sus cinco fases: empatizar, investigar, diseñar, prototipar y testear. El diseño de la investigación se clasifica como investigación aplicada de una metodología existente. El abordaje es un estudio transversal exploratorio dado que el objetivo es visualizar el desempeño de la metodología UX dentro del contexto del diseño de material didáctico artístico. El estudio se desarrolló en tres etapas: la etapa inicial desarrollada en el 2020, la etapa intermedia desarrollada en el 2021 y la etapa avanzada desarrollada en el 2024. Para ello se eligieron los cursos de Dibujo 1 y Dibujo 3 que pertenecen al ciclo básico del plan de estudios de la Escuela de Artes Plásticas de la Universidad de Costa Rica. La experiencia contó con la participación de 103 personas estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la aplicación del proceso de empatía, la investigación previa al diseño, el desarrollo de dos sistemas de diseño, la evolución de tres prototipos y la evaluación. Los resultados principales del estudio corresponden a los datos obtenidos en el 2024. En la investigación se observó un aporte positivo de la metodología UX al diseño de materiales didácticos dado que al integrar al estudiantado como parte del diseño y de la experiencia, les provee un sentimiento de pertenencia y autonomía que maximiza el aprendizaje y fomenta las experiencias educativas personalizadas.
Project Study: River Pier Landing Chattanooga, Tennessee
Authors:   PCI Journal Staff
Published: February 2025

More than 1000 architectural precast and structural precast/prestressed concrete components were used in a six-story condominium/retail store and adjoining six-story parking structure in downtown Chattanooga, Tenn. Metromont was the precast concrete producer.
The effect of complex therapy on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with sleep disorders
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Frolov S.V. , Golyanovskiy О.V. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: February 2025

Aim - according to the results of a prospective study, the effect of complex therapy on the level of melatonin metabolites and placental hormones and their relationship with perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with sleep disorders was determined.
Materials and methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a group of 165 women with diagnosed sleep disorders. Study participants were tested using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and, if sleep disturbances were detected, were randomized according to a table of random numbers into the main group (n=55) and the comparison group (n=60). The control group consisted of 50 pregnant women without sleep disorders. Subsequently, in all groups, melatonin levels were determined based on the level of its metabolite in urine - 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOM), as well as progesterone and placental lactogen. In the main group, in addition to sleep hygiene psychoeducation, complex therapy was prescribed, which included the use of a vitamin-mineral complex and micronized progesterone, and in the comparison group, only sleep hygiene psychoeducation was prescribed as generally recommended measures. In the groups of pregnant women with sleep disorders, the effect of the proposed complex on the level of 6-SOM in urine, placental lactogen, progesterone and their relationship with perinatal consequences (threat of premature birth, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia, delivery by caesarean section, low fetal weight at birth, postpartum bleeding) compared to the control group.
Results. As a result of the study, a significant increase in the levels of 6-SOM and placental hormones was established in the main group relative to the comparison group, and approaching the indicators of the control group of pregnant women without sleep disorders. An improvement in the quality of sleep and perinatal outcomes was also found in the main group compared to the comparison group, which we associated with the use of complex therapy with the appointment of a vitamin-mineral complex, micronized progesterone and training in sleep hygiene.
Conclusions. The proposed complex therapy in the main group reliably increases the levels of 6-SOM and placental hormones in pregnant women with sleep disorders, which in turn improves the quality of sleep and perinatal outcomes.
The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these institutions. The informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Architecting Next-Generation Software Systems with Generative AI and Large Language Models: Challenges, Opportunities, and Best Practices
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Sarma Writuraj , Tiwari Sundar ,   Independent Researcher, Dey Saswata ,   Independent Researcher
Published: February 2025

Generative AI, together with the LLMs, progresses at high speed and offers impractical new ways for
systems architecture in software systems based on automation, personalization, and data processing opportunities.
These technologies are revolutionizing the conventional software development models and patterns that birth smart,
elastic, and tunable systems. However, their incorporation in software architectures poses different problems, among
them being the problems arising from complexity, speed, ethical dilemmas, and the issue of accountability and
transparency. This article discusses how the architectures of the software have evolved in advanced intelligent systems,
focusing on the opportunities and problems of using generative AI and LLMs. It also describes properly designing and
implementing such systems by stressing flexibility, security issues, model selection, and usability. Regarding future
trends, more advanced integration with new technologies, more stringent government regulations, and efficiency tied to
corporate sustainability will come. By following these principles of AI, an organization can obtain the best results from
AI-driven models and solutions, resulting in improved productivity, creativity, and user satisfaction.
“UM ESTRANHO NO NINHO”: TENSÕES E CONTRADIÇÕES DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA CONFRONTADAS PELA PRESENÇA DE ESTUDANTES COM TEA EM SALAS DE AULA COMUNS
Authors: ROSA Sanny Silva da , BORGES Juliana de Moura
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Este artigo problematiza as tensões e as contradições da educação inclusiva confrontadas pela presença de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em salas de aula comuns. Parte-se da premissa de que os princípios que orientam as políticas de Educação Especial na perspectiva inclusiva conflitam com o projeto social e educacional da Modernidade, potencializado por mecanismos excludentes instaurados pelo neoliberalismo contemporâneo. O texto discute fragmentos de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve como objetivo compreender os desafios e as possibilidades dos processos de inclusão e escolarização de alunos autistas matriculados na rede municipal de ensino de Santo André, São Paulo. A análise de dados documentais e de campo, obtidos em uma roda de conversa com gestores escolares, evidencia as tensões e as ambivalências geradas no confronto entre perspectivas epistêmicas, pedagógicas e políticas antagônicas.
MEB sob suspeita: a apreensão da cartilha Viver é Lutar e o golpe de 1964
Authors: Bilhão Isabel Aparecida , Alves Kelly Ludkiewicz
Published: February 2025

Resumo O artigo aborda a apreensão, ocorrida em fevereiro de 1964, da cartilha Viver é Lutar, produzida pelo Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB). Analisa o evento em duas dimensões: em relação ao contexto político nacional, com base na cobertura jornalística e nos textos respondendo ao processo instaurado pelo Departamento de Ordem Política e Social (DOPS) e em seu impacto no cotidiano das escolas radiofônicas, com base em um conjunto de cartas escritas pelas monitoras de Pernambuco. Como resultados, ampliam-se os conhecimentos sobre as tensões e contradições políticas envolvendo o Movimento no contexto pré-golpe civil-militar de 1964, bem como sobre os impactos em sua atuação com a instauração da ditadura.
Literary Reading in the Early Years: an inventory from 2001 to 2022
Authors: Campos Josiane Xavier Theláu , Erthal João Paulo Casaro
Published: February 2025

Abstract This article starts from the premise that the reading of literature is a universal necessity. For this reason, it is considered an inalienable right, and school is a privileged space to guarantee this right (Candido, 2011). In order to establish the state of knowledge of literary reading for the early years, the methodology of documentary analysis of articles published in four national journals from 2001 to 2022 was used. The articles were organized into the following categories: schooling of children's literature, teacher training for literary reading practice, history and public policies to encourage literary reading, and diversity and inclusion in children's literature.
Comparison of SAT-Based and ASP-Based Algorithms for Inconsistency Measurement
Authors: Kuhlmann Isabelle , Gessler Anna , Laszlo Vivien , Thimm Matthias
Published: February 2025

We present algorithms based on satisfiability problem (SAT) solving, as well as answer set programming (ASP), for solving the problem of determining inconsistency degrees in propositional knowledge bases. We consider six different inconsistency measures whose respective decision problems lie on the first level of the polynomial hierarchy. Namely, these are the contension, forgetting-based, hitting set, max-distance, sum-distance, and hit-distance inconsistency measures. In an extensive experimental analysis, we compare the SAT-based and ASP-based approaches with each other, as well as with a set of naive baseline algorithms. Our results demonstrate that, overall, both the SAT-based and the ASP-based approaches clearly outperform the naive baseline methods in terms of runtime. The results further show that the proposed ASP-based approaches perform superior to the SAT-based ones with regard to all six inconsistency measures considered in this work. Moreover, we conduct additional experiments to explain the aforementioned results in greater detail.
PAC-Chernoff Bounds: Understanding Generalization in the Interpolation Regime
Authors: Masegosa Andres R. , Ortega Luis A.
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a distribution-dependent PAC-Chernoff bound that exhibits perfect tightness for interpolators, even within over-parameterized model classes. This bound, which relies on basic principles of Large Deviation Theory, defines a natural measure of the smoothness of a model, characterized by simple real-valued functions. Building upon this bound and the new concept of smoothness, we present an unified theoretical framework revealing why certain interpolators show an exceptional generalization, while others falter. We theoretically show how a wide spectrum of modern learning methodologies, encompassing techniques such as ℓ2-norm, distance-from-initialization and input-gradient regularization, in combination with data augmentation, invariant architectures, and over-parameterization, collectively guide the optimizer toward smoother interpolators, which, according to our theoretical framework, are the ones exhibiting superior generalization performance. This study shows that distribution-dependent bounds serve as a powerful tool to understand the complex dynamics behind the generalization capabilities of over-parameterized interpolators.
A choice of sluice passage for a tidal power plant: venturi- or culvert-type passage?
Authors: Jo Jong-Song , Kim Kwang-Su
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to investigate which of the two most common sluice passage types (i.e. culvert- and venturi-type passages) for a tidal power plant has a better discharge capacity. The discharge capacity of sluice passages was estimated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Flow-3D. The total flow rate through sluice passages (and resultant power output) was further investigated and compared using 0-D modelling in a case study of the Taedong barrage, the DPR Korea. The results of CFD and 0-D modelling indicated that a culvert-type passage showed superior discharge capacity and resultant power output over a venturi-type passage in the case that the outlet area of the two passages was the same. In this case, therefore, the number of venturi-type passages required for the target power generation will be significantly increased, which will result in an increase in the complexity and cost of the construction and operation for the tidal power plant. In summary, it can be concluded that the results obtained in this study will help researchers to choose carefully sluice passage types to improve the discharge capacity and the resultant power output for tidal range power plants.
Analysis of aluminium–SiC hybrid composite based on banana stem fibres
Authors: Bhardwaj Anant , Dhull Sachin , Kumawat Sanjay , Joshi Gyan Prakash , Gupta Deepak , Yadav Durvesh
Published: February 2025

Fibre composites are emerging as a prominent player in curbing material need along with solving environmental degradation by using waste materials as substrates in composites. Because of their potential to improve material qualities, aluminium-based composites that include natural fibres and reinforcing agents have attracted a lot of attention. The goal of this research is to create a new aluminium composite by combining silicon carbide (SiC) particles with banana stem fibres. Examining how these additions affect the final composite’s mechanical, thermal and structural characteristics is the main goal. Banana stem fibres and SiC particles were first prepared as part of the fabrication process and then they were cast into an aluminium matrix. When compared with traditional aluminium, the composite’s strength and stiffness were significantly improved by subsequent characterisation using mechanical testing and microscopy techniques. The noted alterations in the material’s microstructure and characteristics offer important new information on the possible uses of these composite in various industrial applications. This study opens the door for environmentally friendly and high-performing materials by highlighting the potential of using SiC particles and banana stem fibres as reinforcing agents in aluminium-based composites.
Chemical Quality of Irrigation Waters in Northwestern Kansas
Authors: Hathaway Lawrence R. , Waugh T.C. , Galle O.k. , Dickey H.P.
Published: February 2025

Field work in northwestern Kansas during July 1978 yielded groundwater samples from 315 pumping irrigation wells and samples from tail-water pits associated with eight of those wells. The area covered by this sampling includes Cheyenne, Decatur, Gove, Logan, Rawlins, Sheridan, Sherman, Thomas, Wallace, and the western half of Graham counties.
A general increase in the amount of dissolved solids is found for waters associated with portions of the alluvial systems of the South Fork of the Republican River, Beaver Creek, and Sappa Creek in the northern half of the study area; and the Smoky Hill River and Hackberry Creek in the southern portion of the study area. Calcium-bicarbonate- to calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate-type waters are generally associated with upland areas where production is from the Ogallala Formation, but a transition toward sulfate-type waters is observed for many of the shallow alluvial systems in the study area. Waters from tail-water pits are of comparable quality to those of the producing wells.
I
Chronic Kidney Failure Risk Prediction and Phase-Wise Progress Classification Via Simple Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN) Approach
Authors:   Research Scholar, PG & Research Department of Computer Science, Khadir Mohideen College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Adirampattinam, 614 701, Tamil Nadu, India, Jaffira A Sithi , Jayaveeran N , Khadir A Shaik Abdul
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To create a robust classification framework to identify and classify the different stages of CKD as per standard medical guidelines based on patient data. To develop an accurate predictive model for assessing the risk of progression from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to Kidney Failure using a Simple Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN). To enhance early detection of CKD progression by enabling timely medical intervention and by improving patient outcomes. Methods: To obtain the right accuracy of results, a Simple Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN) method is used for both prediction and classification purposes. The methodology leverages a multi-phase classification system that is trained with clinical datasets. In this work, a dataset named “Chronic Kidney Disease” from the UCI Machine Learning Repository is used. This dataset is modified by adding two attributes called ‘eGFR’ and ‘stage-class’. Findings: The key features like estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), blood pressure, and creatinine levels are utilized to classify CKD stages into Stage I-Stage V, and a separate prediction progress module forecasts the transition to ESRD and provides an accuracy of 97.5% by using the SRNN model. Performance metrics and accuracies are also derived to prove its strengths. The results show that the SRNN model offers a better outcome in both phase-wise classification and progression prediction. Novelty: Research explores a novelty in phase-wise classification and prediction model using the SRNN model in the Chronic Kidney Failure progression using a Simple Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN). The model is designed to classify CKD into its distinct phases based on patient health data and predict the likelihood of progression to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), also known as “kidney failure”, experimented by using Anaconda Jupyter Notebook-Python Hierarchy.

Keywords: CKD Phases, eGFR, ESRD, Kidney Failure, Risk Prediction, SRNN Model
Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of transurethral bipolar surgery and laser technologies in treatment of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Teodorovich Oleg V. , Gameeva Elena V. , Suleymanov Suleyman I. , Shatokhin Maxim N. , Borisenko Gennadii G. , Babkin Aleksander S.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the most common urinary tract cancer. Transurethral resection of the bladder wall tumor is the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In recent years, laser technologies have been actively implemented into clinical practice, including the surgical treatment of bladder cancer, but there are still many questions regarding their use.
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bladder wall tumor resection followed by neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser ablation of the tumor.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgical treatment outcomes in 97 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer were analyzed for the period between 2012 and 2023. Group 1 (n = 49) underwent classical transurethral resection of the bladder wall. Group 2 (n = 47) underwent the same procedure followed by Nd:YAG laser ablation of the tumor bed. Treatment outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Analysis of complications using the Clavien–Dindo classification system showed a more favorable postoperative course in group 2. Within 1 year after surgery, the rate of bladder cancer recurrence was significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1, with 4 and 13 cases, respectively (p 0.05). In addition, no patient in group 2 had a recurrence in the area of the resected tumor bed, whereas 9 patients in group 1 had such recurrence during the specified period.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the potential of using laser technologies in the treatment of bladder cancer. Its clinical implementation will facilitate personalized surgical treatment options for patients with urological cancers and reduce the risk of tumor recurrence.
Pathogenesis of lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Krupin Aleksei V. , Krupin Valentin N. , Belova Anna N. , Sevryukov Fedor A. , Nashivochnikova Natalya A.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men are most commonly associated with prostate pathology, and voiding symptoms in the presence of an enlarged prostate are a key factor in favor of surgical treatment. However, the etiology of LUTS is multifactorial, and these symptoms are not specific to prostate diseases. One potential etiological factor contributing to LUTS in men is radicular and visceral manifestations of degenerative spinal changes.
AIM: To assess the role of degenerative spinal diseases in the pathogenesis of LUTS in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed data from 168 men (mean age 64.1 ± 1.2 years, range 58–83) who underwent surgery for BPH to investigate the potential causes of persistent LUTS postoperatively. In addition to general clinical and urological assessments, all patients underwent an active clinical-neurological examination to identify chronic neurological conditions.
RESULTS: Postoperative examination of BPH patients with persistent LUTS revealed neurological pathology in 62.5% of cases, which could independently contribute to urinary dysfunction. In 47.02% of cases, these pathologies were degenerative spinal changes with radicular and autonomic manifestations. The predominant manifestation of LUTS in patients with degenerative spinal changes was overactive bladder, with scores ranging from 8 to 19 points (mean 13.11 ± 0.02) on the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q). Treatment of concomitant neurological pathology led to the resolution or significant alleviation of LUTS and improved quality of life in patients with persistent urinary disorders following BPH surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Persistent irritative LUTS after surgical treatment of BPH may be associated with concomitant degenerative spinal changes with radicular and autonomic manifestations. Targeted treatment of these conditions, primarily in the form of myofascial and radicular syndromes, significantly reduces the severity of LUTS.
Practical issues in postoperative pain management: pain assessment and personalized choice of analgesics (review)
Authors: Otdelenov Vitaly A. , Denisenko Natalia P. , Sobur Natalia I. , Kleymenova Elena B. , Nazarenko Anton G. , Gairabekov Israil Magomed-Khadzhievich , Mirzaev Karin B. , Sychev Dmitry A.
Published: February 2025

This review focuses on the critical aspects of rational postoperative pain management in surgical hospitals, emphasizing a multimodal, opioid-sparing approach. We discuss the principles of evidence-based analgesia, including the importance of using validated pain scales for consistent pain assessment and defining pain thresholds for initiating and modifying analgesic therapies. Defining target pain levels is crucial for guiding therapeutic interventions and achieving optimal pain relief. This paper describes a systematic and multi-modal approach to analgesic selection, emphasizing the combination of non-opioid analgesics like paracetamol (acetaminophen) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with opioid analgesics, regional analgesia, and non-pharmacological interventions. Continuous evaluation of pain levels and response to therapy is essential for ensuring effective pain control and minimizing the risk of complications. The review highlights the potential benefits of preoperative analgesia in reducing opioid requirements and the incidence of chronic neuropathic pain. We discuss the unique challenges of pain management in children, emphasizing the need for age-appropriate dosing and administration routes, taking into account the physiological differences between adults and children. The review emphasizes the crucial role of individualizing pain management strategies based on patient characteristics including age, co-morbidities, drug tolerance, and genetic factors. We discuss the impact of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 enzymes on NSAID and opioid metabolism in relation to optimizing both efficacy and safety. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and practices for rational postoperative pain management, aiming to improve pain control, reduce opioid use, minimize adverse drug reactions, and enhance patient satisfaction and quality of life following surgical interventions. Implementing standardized pain assessment tools and protocols, utilizing a multi-modal analgesic approach, emphasizing preventive analgesia strategies, considering genetic factors in individual treatment plans, and prioritizing patient education and shared decision-making are key recommendations for healthcare professionals involved in the postoperative management of surgical patients. By adopting these evidence-based recommendations, we can strive to deliver optimal pain relief and enhance the overall recovery experience for patients.
Humanidades Digitales: desafíos, logros y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: López Poza Sagrario , Pena Sueiro Nieves
Published: February 2025

Esta monografía reúne 38 trabajos de sumo interés para conocer el panorama hispánico de las Humanidades Digitales. Son una selección de los 69 presentados en el I Congreso Internacional de Humanidades Digitales Hispánicas. Sociedad Internacional (HDH), que se celebró en la Universidade da Coruña (UDC), de España, los días 9-12 de julio de 2013, con el título Humanidades Digitales: desafíos, logros y perspectivas de futuro, organizado por el SIELAE (Seminario interdisciplinar para el estudio de la Literatura Áurea Española) del Departamento de Filología Española y Latina de la UDC. Los trabajos que, una vez terminado el congreso, fueron enviados para publicación, han sido sometidos a una evaluación por pares (peer review). El congreso consiguió el patrocinio de la Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations (ADHO) y sirvió para echar a andar la recién creada (2012) asociación HDH, así como para conocer y dar visibilidad y difusión a los proyectos que se están llevando a cabo sobre Humanidades Digitales, especialmente los que se desarrollan en España y Portugal.
Estudio pragmadiscursivo de las Relaciones de sucesos (siglo XVII)
Authors: Iraceburu Jiménez Maite
Published: February 2025

resumo
Causal Effect Between Gut Microbiota, Gut Bacterial Pathway, and Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Large-Scale Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Yao Y , Chen J , Cao H , Lu Z , Shen H , Ji J , Jiao Q
Published: February 2025

Background: To analyze causality between gut microbiota and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and to investigate the mediating effect of metabolic pathways.
Methods: We extracted genome-wide association study summary statistics for 211 microbiota taxa from the MiBioGen consortium (N=18 340), 205 microbiota metabolic pathways from the Dutch Microbiome Project (N=7738), and CSU from the FinnGen genomics initiative (N=450). Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to detect genetic causality between gut microbiota, gut bacterial pathways, and CSU. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Mediation MR investigated mediators in the association between gut microbiota and CSU.
Results: MR analysis suggested that the family Peptococcaceae and its child taxon, the genus Peptococcus, were risk factors for CSU. In addition, the genera Collinsella, Lachnospiraceae UCG004, Ruminococcaceae UCG004, and Sellimonas were also risk factors for CSU, whereas Family XIII UCG001, Lachnospiraceae UCG010, and Methanobrevibacter had protective effects on CSU. As for metabolic pathways, NONMEVIPP-PWY, PWY-5022, and PWY-7221 were positively associated with CSU, although others, such as KDO-NAGLIPASYN-PWY, PWY- 6353, and PWY-7400 presented a suggestive association with CSU. Moreover, PWY-7400 was a mediator in causality between the family Peptococcaceae and CSU. These results were based on nominal significance (P<.05). None of the Bonferroni-corrected P values were <.05.
Conclusions: Our study confirmed a causal association between gut microbiota and CSU, with the metabolic pathway being a potential mediator. Our findings provide new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies in CSU.
Vivências de acadêmicos de enfermagem em estágio curricular na Atenção Primária à Saúde: relato de experiência
Authors: Fontenele Sampaio Ana Paula , Do Nascimento Xavier Klaiwer , Lopes Nascimento Carlos Eduardo , Aragão Freire Francisco Lucas , Portela Martins Larissa Helen , Pontes Guimarães Costa Rayla Maria
Published: February 2025

Objective: To describe the experiences of five nursing students in a mandatory curricular internship in Primary Health Care, in the city of Parnaíba-PI. Brief description of the experience: During the internship, the students carried out health education activities, immunization, reception in a screening room and nursing consultations. In this way, the report emphasizes not only the breadth of activities carried out, but also the importance of clinical practice in nursing training. This practice prepares students in a comprehensive way, enabling them to act effectively in promoting health and preventing diseases in Primary Health Care. Final considerations: The experience experienced by students during the internship expresses the indispensability of nursing internships in preparation of future professionals in the field. This practical experience provides a solid and essential basis for students' transition to the professional sphere, enabling them not only technically, but also to develop interpersonal skills and understand the importance of teamwork and comprehensive health care. The limitations of this study lie in the fact that it was developed based on the perspective of only five academics, which may not reflect the totality of experiences in the Basic Health Units, in addition to the limited workload. With more time dedicated to the internship field, the learning would be significantly more enriching.
Nomination of Food and Dishes in Different Families
Authors:   Saratov State University, Baikulova A.N.
Published: February 2025

Study of family nominations is part of multi-aspect study of intercourse within family and family speech. The article uses anthropocentric approach to the study of names of food and cooked dishes, revealing common and specific features of lexicon in different families.