bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Fish and Seafood Analogs: A Study of the Italian Market
Authors: Chehade Lara , Angelino Donato , Del Bo’ Cristian , Maggioni Rebecca , Pellegrini Nicoletta , Riso Patrizia , Martini Daniela
Published: January 2025

Among plant-based analogs, fish and seafood analogs (PBFSAs) represent a growing sector. This study analyzed the nutritional quality of PBFSAs in Italy and compared it to their animal-based counterparts. Nutritional declarations, ingredient lists, and claims were collected from PBFSA food labeling. Nutri-Scores of PBSFAs and animal-based counterparts were also determined as nutritional quality indicators. Fifty-one products were collected, with most attributed to tuna, salmon, and cod categories (n = 18, 12, and 14, respectively). Results showed large heterogeneity in nutritional quality, with cod products having higher energy (217 (201–257) kcal/100 g), protein (10.5 (7.9–13.0) g/100 g), and carbohydrate (19.4 (14.2–26.0) g/100 g) levels, while tuna and salmon products had a higher fat content (15.0 (10.0–19.7) and 13.5 (5.0–17.0) g/100 g, respectively). Products with fiber or fat nutrition claims did not necessarily indicate higher fiber or lower fat content, while products with a protein claim had a higher protein content. Most animal-based counterparts, except cod and sturgeon caviar, received an “A” Nutri-Score, and often scored better than the PBSFA due to lower salt content. In conclusion, PBFSAs on the market should not be considered animal product analogs regarding nutritional quality, but drawing definitive conclusions is challenging due to the limited number and high variability of the products. However, these findings provide insights that may improve PBFSA nutritional quality, such as decreasing salt and sugar content, for people trying to incorporate such foods into their diet.
Enzymatic Degradation of Ochratoxin A: The Role of Ultra-Pure Water
Authors: Santos Joana , Oliveira Constança , Teixeira Filipe , Venâncio Armando , Silva Carla
Published: January 2025

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic mycotoxin, making its removal from food essential for public health. This study examines OTA degradation by porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) in ultra-pure water versus buffer systems through in vitro assays and molecular modeling. The results show that PPL fully degrades OTA in ultra-pure water within 7 h at 44 °C, whereas only partial degradation occurs in phosphate buffer. After 4 h, PPL in water degrades 91% of OTA, compared to only 12% in buffer. The enzyme’s half-life is longer in water (~4 h 4 min) than in phosphate buffer (~2 h 30 min), suggesting better stability in water. Other buffers, including acetate, citrate, and borate, confirmed higher degradation efficiency in low-conductivity, acidic environments similar to ultra-pure water. Additionally, using the model compound p-nitrophenyl octanoate (p-NPO), it was found that p-NPO degrades faster in buffer, likely due to a salting-out effect. Molecular modeling and circular dichroism analysis indicate that PPL’s secondary structure in water promotes an ideal conformation for OTA binding. This study suggests ultra-pure water as a greener, sustainable option for reducing mycotoxins in food, with broad industrial applications.
Effects of Sodium Selenate on Growth, Selenium Forms, and Nutritional Quality of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Authors: Zhao Xianwei , Jiang Jiali , Yang Sushu , Sun Huimin , Zhu Qingling , Zhang Yangyang , Zhao Zhuqing , Yu Denghang , Zhuo Meiqin
Published: January 2025

In this study, C. pyrenoidosa were cultured with seven different concentrations of Na2SeO4 (0–10 mg/L), and the effects of Na2SeO4 on the growth, Se-forms, and nutritional quality of C. pyrenoidosa were explored. The results showed that at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L Na2SeO4, the C. pyrenoidosa were plump and healthy; the contents of biomass, soluble protein, lipids, and TPUFA reached the highest level; the total Se content in C. pyrenoidosa increased with the increasing Na2SeO4 concentrations. However, the proportion of organic Se in C. pyrenoidosa. reached the highest value of 87.58% at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L Na2SeO4. Among organic Se forms, SeMet accounted for the largest proportion, while MeSeCys accounted for a relatively smaller proportion, but SeCys2 was not detected. The addition of Na2SeO4 (except for ≤0.5 mg/L) reduced the contents of photosynthetic pigments in C. pyrenoidosa. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of C. pyrenoidosa first increased and then decreased with the increasing Na2SeO4 concentrations, but different enzymes exhibited different tolerances to Na2SeO4. Based on the above research results, 0.5 mg/L Na2SeO4 concentration is recommended for the production of Se-rich C. pyrenoidosa. Our findings will provide a theoretical basis and practical references for the development of Se-rich C. pyrenoidosa health care products.
The Quality and Starch Digestibility of Multi-Grain Noodles Are Regulated by the Additive Amount of Dendrobium Officinale
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Peng Pai , Ma Qianying , Niu Shance , Duan Shande , Zhang Yimeng , Hu Xinzhong , Wang Xiaolong
Published: January 2025

Dendrobium officinale (DO) is a well-known medicinal and edible plant, yet its impact on the quality of noodles has been infrequently reported. In this study, DO was incorporated into multi-grain flour in varying proportions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8%) to prepare noodles, and their quality was assessed. The percentage increase in DO decreased the cooking loss, whiteness, appearance, and taste of the noodles while simultaneously enhancing their water absorption, adhesiveness, smoothness, and starch digestion resistance. Lower supplemental levels of DO (2–4%) facilitated the water absorption of protein and the formation of a dense and extensive protein network surrounding the partially gelatinized starch, which was characterized by higher relative crystallinity. The highest sensory score (77.4) and greatest content of slowly digestible starch content (38%) were observed in the noodles containing 4% DO. Conversely, higher percentages of DO (6–8%) diluted and compromised the protein network in the cooked noodles, leading to water migration from protein to starch. The excessive polysaccharides from DO tended to complex with fully gelatinized starch, promoting starch aggregation and interactions between starch and non-starch components. This ultimately resulted in the highest adhesiveness and resistant starch content (34%) in the cooked noodles with 8% DO. These findings provide a reference for enhancing noodle quality by regulating the amount of DO added, thereby promoting the application of DO in cereal-based food products.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields and Osmotic Dehydration on the Quality of Modified-Atmosphere-Packaged Fresh-Cut and Fried Potatoes
Authors: Dermesonlouoglou Efimia , Seretis George , Katsouli Maria , Katsimichas Alexandros , Taoukis Petros , Giannakourou Maria
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research was to study the effect of osmotic dehydration (OD) and/or pulsed electric field (PEF) on the quality of MAP-packed potatoes, both as raw materials and after deep frying. Fresh-cut potato strips (from Naxos island) were osmotically dehydrated using a solution of 20% glycerol, 5% sodium chloride, and 1% ascorbic acid (wt) at a 5:1 liquid-to-food ratio at 35 °C for 120 min. OD-treated and untreated samples were packaged at MAP (0.2% O2 + 12% CO2) and stored at 4, 8, and 12 °C. Color (Browning Index, BI), texture (hardness, Fmax), sensory characteristics (including total sensory quality), and microbial stability (total aerobic and anaerobic counts, Pseudomonas, Entrobacteriaceae, and yeasts/molds) were monitored during storage. After package opening, samples were deep-fried at 180 °C for up to 8 min, and the oil content of fried samples was quantified. Sensory evaluation of raw and fried samples was conducted. Untreated fresh-cut potatoes were characterized by detrimental color degradation starting from the third day of storage at 4 °C and presented microbial growth (total viable counts: 6 log (CFU)/g) on the sixth day, whereas pre-treated potato samples retained their color and microbiological stability after 15 and 18 days of cold storage, respectively. OD pre-treatment reduced the oil uptake during frying (up to 30%).
Differential Expression of tRNA-Derived Small RNA Markers of Antidepressant Response and Functional Forecast of Duloxetine in MDD Patients
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Gao Ming , Song Jing , Li Miaolong , Chen Yu , Lv Yingfang , Jia Wei , Wan Bingbing
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Duloxetine, despite being a leading treatment option for major depressive disorder (MDD), exhibits a relatively low adequate response rate when used as a monotherapy, and the fundamental molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a particularly interesting and new class of molecules that is becoming increasingly noticeable for investigation. Methods: We integrated small RNA sequencing with bioinformatics approaches to dissect the expression profiles of tsRNAs and decipher their functional roles post-duloxetine treatment. Subsequently, molecular docking experiments were carried out to validate the potential functions. Results: Ten tsRNAs significantly changed in the duloxetine response group after an 8-week therapy. Correlation analyses revealed that these tsRNAs predominantly interacted with miRNAs across multiple biological pathways and processes, such as the ECM-receptor interaction and B cell activation. Molecular docking analysis corroborated the binding capabilities of duloxetine with key proteins associated with ECM1 and BAFF, respectively. Conclusions: The identified changes in tsRNAs can precisely mirror the response of duloxetine in MDD treatment, offering novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of duloxetine action.
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Lactation Performance in Buffaloes
Authors: Li Wangchang , Li Henggang , Yang Chunyan , Zheng Haiying , Duan Anqin , Huang Liqing , Feng Chao , Yang Xiaogan , Shang Jianghua
Published: January 2025

Background: Buffaloes are considered an indispensable genetic resource for dairy production. However, improvements in lactation performance have been relatively limited. Advances in sequencing technology, combined with genome-wide association studies, have facilitated the breeding of high-quality buffalo. Methods: We conducted an integrated analysis of genomic sequencing data from 120 water buffalo, the high-quality water buffalo genome assembly designated as UOA_WB_1, and milk production traits, including 305-day milk yield (MY), peak milk yield (PM), total protein yield (PY), protein percentage (PP), fat percentage (FP), and total milk fat yield (FY). Results: The results identified 56 significant SNPs, and based on these markers, 54 candidate genes were selected. These candidate genes were significantly enriched in lactation-related pathways, such as the cAMP signaling pathway (ABCC4), TGF-β signaling pathway (LEFTY2), Wnt signaling pathway (CAMK2D), and metabolic pathways (DGAT1). Conclusions: These candidate genes (e.g., ABCC4, LEFTY2, CAMK2D, DGAT1) provide a substantial theoretical foundation for molecular breeding to enhance milk production in buffaloes.
Health Effects of Person-Under-Train Incidents on Train Drivers—A Systematic Review
Authors: Lay Johannes , Kaifie Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: A person-under-train (PUT) incident is a traumatic event for train drivers that can result in serious health consequences. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on these health effects, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sickness absence (SA), and other related mental health outcomes. Methods: Following the PECO scheme, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies published between 1980 and 2021. We included cross-sectional, case–control, prospective, and interventional studies focusing on train drivers exposed to PUT incidents. Data synthesis followed PRISMA guidelines, with quality appraisal using the Downs and Black checklist. Results: The search was conducted on 22 September 2022, resulting in 3673 records. Nine studies were included, involving a total of 3425 participants. PTSD prevalence ranged from 0% to 55.3%, depending on study design and timing of data collection. Risk factors included repeated exposure, lack of social support, and proximity to the victim. SA varied widely, with durations ranging from 1 day to over 6 months. Drivers frequently reported depression, somatoform disorders, and other long-term psychological impacts. Conclusions: PUT incidents significantly affect the mental health of train drivers and their ability to return to work, frequently leading to extended sickness absence. The timely identification of at-risk individuals and the implementation of best-practice interventions could mitigate long-term effects. Future research should explore standardized follow-up periods to improve comparability.
Transforming Care Through Co-Design: Developing Inclusive Caregiver-Centered Education in Healthcare
Authors: Parmar Jasneet , L’Heureux Tanya , Lewanczuk Richard , Lee Jonathan , Charles Lesley , Sproule Laurel , Henderson Isabel , Chaudhuri Esha Ray , Berry Jim , Shapkin Kimberly , Powell Linda , Nicholas David , Tarnowski Glenda , Leslie Myles , Lobchuk Michelle , Kaattari Joanne , Porter Ambere , Ewa Vivian , Podlosky Linda , Pei Jacqueline , Mosaico Sarah , Penner Jamie , Saunders Shannon , Anderson Sharon
Published: January 2025

Background: Family caregivers provide most (75–90%) of the essential unpaid care and support for individuals living with chronic conditions, disabilities, and age-related needs in the community, with about half performing medical tasks traditionally performed by professionals. Caregivers also assist with 15 to 35% of the care in congregate care settings. Yet despite their critical contributions to patient care, caregivers face stress, declining well-being, and insufficient recognition in healthcare systems. Addressing these challenges requires innovative, person-centered approaches to training healthcare providers. Co-design or co-production are participatory research methods that involve individuals with lived experience to ensure relevance and impact. Objective: This study sought to understand how participatory co-design principles influenced learning, collaboration, and engagement among diverse participants in developing a caregiver-centered education program for healthcare providers. Actionable recommendations for optimizing co-design processes are provided. Methods: Eighty-five participants from a team of 155 collaborators, including caregivers, healthcare providers, educators, policymakers, and leaders, participated in ten focus group sessions conducted in Zoom breakout rooms. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Thorne’s interpretive description and Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Participants described the co-design process as fostering collaboration, inclusivity, and skill enhancement. Exposure to diverse perspectives expanded transformative understanding and prompted reflection on caregiver support within professional practices. Skilled facilitation ensured equitable engagement. Challenges included information overload and personal time constraints. Participants liked using breakout rooms to mitigate the dynamics of large group management. Still, they recommended pre-meeting materials, flexible scheduling, and expanding stakeholder diversity (e.g., rural, Indigenous, and immigrant caregivers). Conclusions: Co-design fosters meaningful, caregiver-centered education through collaboration and inclusivity. Addressing logistical challenges and representation gaps can further enhance the impact of co-design and empower multi-level, interdisciplinary partners to inform equitable healthcare education.
A Semi-Automated Machine-Learning Tool for Assessing Building Phases: Discriminant Analysis of Mortars from the 2022 Excavation at the Sarno Bath Complex in Pompeii
Authors: Dilaria Simone , Previato Caterina , Secco Michele , Busana Maria Stella
Published: January 2025

This study presents the results of the analyses of 15 structural mortars from the building at civ. 21, level +0 of the Sarno Bath complex in Pompeii. These samples were collected during recent stratigraphic excavations (year 2022) for detailed in-laboratory compositional characterization, aiming to trace the construction phases of the originating walls. The 2022 samples were firstly analyzed via quantitative phase analysis–X-ray powder diffraction. The resulting quantitative mineralogical profiles were then processed alongside those analyzed in previous studies from level +0 structures of the Sarno Baths using multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis, applied to quantitative phase analysis (QPA)–X-ray powder diffraction data (XRPD), to identify and map the construction phases. This approach enabled the correlation of the 2022 samples with previously established construction phases. Polarized-light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were then primarily used for validation purposes. These methods highlighted the compositional differences between samples and revealed significant features related to the use of specific raw materials. These results confirm the reliability of the semi-automated sample processing proposed in this research, adopting discriminant analysis as a machine-learning-based tool for defining construction phases in Pompeian contexts.
Quality Responses of Sweet Pepper Varieties Under Irrigation and Fertilization Regimes
Authors: Elhawary Saad Masooud Abdelnaby , Ordóñez-Díaz Jose Luis , Nicolaie Florentina , Montenegro Jose Carlos , Teliban Gabriel-Ciprian , Cojocaru Alexandru , Moreno-Rojas Jose Manuel , Stoleru Vasile
Published: January 2025

Red sweet peppers are economically important since they are widely farmed and consumed worldwide. As a high-value crop, it has a significant impact on the horticulture economy. This study aimed to improve the quality of sweet pepper fruits (total polyphenols; chlorophyll A and B; lycopene, β-carotene, tannins, ABTS, DPPH, protein and 15N) using three hybrids—Kornelya F1, Kaptur F1 and Napoca F1—four fertilization methods (chemical, organic, biologic and unfertilized), and two irrigation regimes (5200 and 7800 m3·ha−1, respectively). The results revealed substantial similarities between organic and conventional management practices. From a genetic point of view, ‘Kornelya’ cultivar reacted well with most compounds with antioxidant effects. This study revealed that peppers react positively when subjected to hydric and nutrient stress, with the fruits having the highest values for total polyphenols, chlorophyll A and B, lycopene, ABTS, and DPPH. Following the interactions between factors, ‘Kornelya’ reacted positively to organic and unfertilized methods with an irrigation regime of 5200 m3·ha−1.
Identify Optimal Pedestrian Flow Forecasting Methods in Great Britain Retail Areas: A Comparative Study of Time Series Forecasting on a Footfall Dataset
Authors: Murcio Roberto , Wang Yujue
Published: January 2025

The UK retail landscape has undergone significant changes over the past decade, driven by factors such as the rise of online shopping, economic downturns, and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. Accurately measuring pedestrian flows in retail areas with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for selecting the most appropriate forecasting model for different retail locations. However, several studies have adopted a one-size-fits-all approach, overlooking important local characteristics that are only occasionally captured by the best global model. In this work, using data generated by the SmartStreetSensor project, a large network of sensors installed across UK cities that collect Wi-Fi probe requests generated by mobile devices, we examine the optimal forecasting method to predict pedestrian footfall in various retail areas across Great Britain. After assessing six representative time series forecasting models, our results show that the LSTM model outperforms traditional methods in most areas. However, pedestrian counts at certain locations with specific spatial characteristics are better forecasted by other algorithms.
Development of Cell-Assembled Human Endomysial-Type Biomatrix Substrate for the Detection of Celiac Disease Autoantibodies
Authors: Korponay-Szabó Ilma R. , Király Róbert , Gyimesi Judit , Mäki Markku
Published: January 2025

The endomysial antibody (EMA) immunofluorescent test is a highly specific method to detect disease-specific autoantibodies in celiac disease (CD) by their binding to natural transglutaminase-2 autoantigen in tissue sections, and it is used as a compulsory confirmatory test in the non-invasive diagnosis of CD. The classical EMA substrates are the monkey esophagus and the human umbilical cord. It is increasingly difficult to use these tissues due to ethical concerns and animal welfare regulations. In this study, we developed, in cell culture, an endomysium-type extracellular biomatrix assembled by human umbilical cord vein-derived endothelial cells which binds CD antibodies in a similar pattern as monkey esophagus and has similar macromolecular composition. Evaluating retrospectively and prospectively tested patient cohorts, including 130 CD cases and 105 non-celiac controls, IgA-class celiac antibody detection on the biomatrix was equally specific (100%) as EMA testing on tissues, and had higher sensitivity (95.6% versus 91.2%). Both EMA tests were less sensitive, but more specific than transglutaminase-based ELISA measurements. The decellularization of the biomatrix improved sensitivity, enabled the detection of IgG-class celiac antibodies, and allowed for simple reading without previous training. This easily available cell-assembled biomatrix substrate may replace substrate tissues in diagnostic EMA testing in the future.
Fibrotic Changes in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Harju Niina , Kauppinen Anu , Loukovaara Sirpa
Published: January 2025

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a sight-threatening condition involving retinal detachment and the accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a pathologic complication that develops after RRD surgery, and approximately 5–10% of RRD cases develop post-operative PVR. Prolonged inflammation in the wound healing process, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell migration and proliferation, and epiretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal fibrosis are typical in the formation of PVR. RPE cells undergo EMT and become fibroblast-like cells that migrate to the retina and vitreous, promoting PVR formation. Fibroblasts transform into myofibroblasts, which promote fibrosis by overproducing the extracellular matrix (ECM). RPE cells, fibroblasts, glial cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and increased ECM production form contractile epiretinal membranes. Cytokine release, complement activation, RPE cells, glial cells, and endothelial cells are all involved in retinal immune responses. Normally, wounds heal within 4 to 6 weeks, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. Properly initiated inflammation, complement activation, and the function of neutrophils and glial cells heal the wound in the first stage. In a retinal wound, glial cells proliferate and fill the injured area. Gliosis tries to protect the neurons and prevent damage, but it becomes harmful when it causes scarring. If healing is complicated, prolonged inflammation leads to pathological fibrosis. Currently, there is no preventive treatment for the formation of PVR, and it is worth studying in the future.
Discovery of Crinasiadine, Trisphaeridine, Bicolorine, and Their Derivatives as Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Agents
Authors: Hu Zhan , Guo Jincheng , Ma Dejun , Wang Ziwen , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: January 2025

Plant viral diseases cause great harm to crops in terms of yield and quality. Natural products have been providing an excellent source of novel chemistry, inspiring the development of novel synthetic pesticides. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids crinasiadine (3a), trisphaeridine (4a), and bicolorine (5a) were selected as parent structures, and a series of their derivatives were designed, synthesized, and investigated for their anti-plant virus effects for the first time. Compounds 13b and 18 exhibited comparable inhibitory activities to ningnanmycin against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Preliminary research into the mechanism, involving transmission electron microscopy and molecular docking studies, suggests that compound 18 may interfere with the elongation phase of the TMV assembly process. This study provides some important information for the research and development of agrochemicals with phenanthridine structures.
Differentiating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Natural Killer Cells for Adoptive Cell Immunotherapies—Comparative Characterization of Current Protocols
Authors: Budagova Tatiana , Efremova Anna , Usman Natalia , Mokrousova Diana , Goldshtein Dmitry
Published: January 2025

Cancers constitute a leading cause of mortality. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapies provide breakthrough solutions for various cancers while posing considerable risks of immunological side reactions. Of various cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets, natural killer (NK) cells are considered the least immunogenic. Obtaining viable NK cells with stable phenotypes in quantities sufficient for modification is technologically challenging. The candidate sources include primary mononuclear cell cultures and immortalized NK cell lines; alternatively, the clinical-grade NK cells can be differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible xeno-free protocol. In this review, we analyze existing protocols for targeted differentiation of human iPSCs into NK cells with a focus on xeno-free requirements.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Modulated by Genistein in Cancer
Authors: Naponelli Valeria , Piscazzi Annamaria , Mangieri Domenica
Published: January 2025

Genistein (4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) is a phytoestrogen belonging to a subclass of natural flavonoids that exhibits a wide range of pharmacological functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These characteristics make genistein a valuable phytochemical compound for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. Genistein effectively inhibits tumor growth and dissemination by modulating key cellular mechanisms. This includes the suppression of angiogenesis, the inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and the regulation of cancer stem cell proliferation. These effects are mediated through pivotal signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, genistein interferes with the function of specific cyclin/CDK complexes and modulates the activation of Bcl-2/Bax and caspases, playing a critical role in halting tumor cell division and promoting apoptosis. The aim of this review is to discuss in detail the key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic anticancer effects of this flavonoid.
How to Improve Usability in Open-Source Software Projects? An Analysis of Evaluation Techniques Through a Multiple Case Study
Authors: Llerena Lucrecia , Castro John W. , Llerena Rosa , Rodríguez Nancy
Published: January 2025

Open-source software has experienced steady growth, driving increased research. However, open-source communities still need standardized processes to ensure software quality, and their characteristics make it challenging to adopt many usability techniques from human–computer interaction directly. Our study aims to adapt and evaluate the feasibility of three usability evaluation techniques—cognitive walkthrough, formal usability testing, and thinking aloud—across three open-source projects (Code::Blocks, Freeplane, and Scribus) from the development team’s perspective. We participated as volunteers in these projects, employing a multiple case study method. We found that usability techniques were not systematically adopted, and procedures specific to open-source projects were lacking. We also identified adverse conditions, such as limited user participation, that hindered adoption. We proposed adaptations to each technique and formalized procedures to address these challenges and apply them in open-source contexts. Additionally, we developed a framework for integrating usability evaluation into OSS projects. To address this, we detailed our framework’s phases, tasks, and artifacts to ensure reusability and adaptability across OSS contexts, providing practical steps for implementation and future validations. In conclusion, usability techniques must be adapted for open-source software, considering the projects’ unique characteristics and philosophy. Although obstacles exist, such as user participation, applying adapted usability techniques in open-source projects is feasible.
Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper(II) Complexes with Fluorine-Functionalized Schiff Bases: A Mini-Review
Authors: Moreno-Narváez María Esther , González-Sebastián Lucero , Colorado-Peralta Raúl , Reyes-Márquez Viviana , Franco-Sandoval Luz Ofelia , Romo-Pérez Adriana , Cruz-Navarro Jesús Antonio , Mañozca-Dosman Ivone Vanessa , Aragón-Muriel Alberto , Morales-Morales David
Published: January 2025

In recent years, metallodrugs have emerged as captivating and promising compounds in the fields of cancer therapy and antimicrobial agents. While noble metals have shown remarkable biological activity, increasing interest lies in utilizing more abundant and cost-effective metals in medicinal chemistry. This is primarily due to their pivotal role in biological processes and their lower cost compared to precious metals. Among these, copper(II) complexes have emerged with promising applications in medicine. Notably, copper compounds bearing Schiff bases stand out as innovative metallodrugs. They exhibit intriguing cytotoxic properties against a wide range of cancer cell lines, while also demonstrating inhibitory effects on prevalent bacterial and fungal strains. Nevertheless, research into Cu(II) complexes with Schiff bases remains of paramount interest. One strategic avenue to bolster their biological activity involves the introduction of fluorine groups into the ligands. This approach has demonstrated a significant augmentation in efficacy and selectivity, particularly in targeting cancer cells and microbial pathogens, because fluorine incorporation can improve metabolic stability and cellular uptake. This further reinforces the therapeutic potential of these metallodrugs. Thanks to these promising outcomes, research into the development of Cu(II) complexes with fluorinated Schiff bases is advancing significantly. This holds immense potential for progressing the field of medicinal chemistry, with the aim of addressing unmet clinical needs in both cancer therapy and antimicrobial treatment. This review comprehensively explores the latest advancements in Cu(II) complexes bearing fluorinated Schiff bases, encompassing diverse coordination modes. It delves into their scope and applications in cytotoxic evaluations, as well as their efficacy as antimicrobial and antifungal agents.
Anthropogenic Impacts on Bark and Ambrosia Beetle Assemblages in Tropical Montane Forest in Northern Borneo
Authors: Gunggot Evahtira , Beaver Roger A. , Lucas Jonathan Jimmey , George Sandra Geogina , Rasiah Anastasia , Wong Wilson V. C. , Lardizabal Maria Lourdes T. , Kamata Naoto
Published: January 2025

Anthropogenic disturbances, such as forest conversion, have a profound impact on species distributions and biodiversity in tropical forests. This study aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) across three forest types: Primary Forest (PF), Disturbed Forest (DF), and Rubber Plantation (RP) in southern Sabah, Malaysia. We analyzed biweekly data obtained from ethanol-baited traps over three years, from April 2017 to May 2020, which included 7257 individuals from 154 species. The dominant species remained the same across all forest types. However, species composition was highly stochastic and unpredictable between forest types. The abundance and number of species were highest in RP but lowest in DF. Indigenous forest use in DF mostly for fuel likely reduced the resources for the beetles. Open canopy structure in RP probably increased the number of flying beetles. Although adjacent to PF, RP displayed a distinct species composition predominantly associated with rubber trees. These findings underscore the anthropogenic impact on beetle assemblages due to forest use and emphasize the need for sustainable forest management practices to prevent biodiversity loss and maintain ecosystem stability.
Impact of Direct Contact and Ingestion of Selected Insecticides on the Predator Harmonia axyridis of Citrus Psyllids
Authors: Pan Jing , Cheng Gaoqi , Liu Minjue , Pan Xiangfeng , Ouyang Zhigang , Lu Zhanjun , Du Yimin
Published: January 2025

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, serves as the primary vector for Huanglongbing (HLB) by transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam are commonly employed for the control of D. citri. The multicolored Asian lady beetle, or harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, is an important predator of D. citri in both greenhouse and field settings. The effectiveness of integrated pest management (IPM) relies on the judicious use of selective insecticides that minimize harm to natural enemies. However, the effects of these insecticides on H. axyridis’ predation of D. citri remain thoroughly unexplored. In this study, we assessed the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam to H. axyridis and examined their impact on the functional response of this predator to D. citri using direct contact exposure methods. We also evaluated the indirect effects on predator voracity through ingestion exposure. Our results demonstrated that exposure to both insecticides at LC50 concentrations significantly prolonged the developmental durations of H. axyridis larval stages. The type-II functional response model effectively described the prey consumption patterns of H. axyridis, revealing a significant reduction in predation capacity across all life stages, particularly among second instar larvae, which experienced reductions of 85.30% and 88.58% following lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam treatments, respectively. Furthermore, H. axyridis’ predation significantly declined when feeding on D. citri contaminated at LC50 concentrations. These findings indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam adversely affect the predation of H. axyridis, both via direct contact and ingestion. Evaluating the potential impacts of these insecticides on H. axyridis is critical for the development of effective IPM strategies targeting D. citri.
Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Lithuania: Insights from National Health Insurance Fund Data
Authors: Ramanauskaitė Dovilė , Puronaitė Roma , Jakaitienė Audronė , Glaveckaitė Sigita
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: As the burden of multimorbidity is increasing worldwide, little is known about its prevalence in Lithuania. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic conditions and multimorbidity among Lithuanian adults and assess their impact on healthcare utilization. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Lithuanian National Health Insurance Fund database was performed in 2019. Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more chronic conditions. (3) Results: Of the Lithuanian population, 1,193,668 (51.5%) had at least one chronic condition, and 717,386 (31.0%) had multimorbidity. Complex multimorbidity (CM) was present in 670,312 (28.9%) patients, with 85.0% having complex cardiac multimorbidity (CCM) and 15.0% having complex non-cardiac multimorbidity (CNM). Multimorbidity increased with age, from 2% at age 18–24 to 77.5% at age 80 and above, and was more prevalent among women (63.3% vs. 36.7%, p < 0.001). One-third of multimorbid patients were hospitalized at least once per year, with half staying for a week or longer. CCM patients were more likely to be hospitalized, rehospitalized, and have more primary care visits (OR: 2.23, 1.60, 4.24, respectively, all p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Multimorbidity in Lithuania increases with age and affects women more. Chronic cardiovascular diseases contribute to a higher prevalence of multimorbidity and a more significant burden on the healthcare system.
Semantic-Guided Transformer Network for Crop Classification in Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Pi Weiqiang , Zhang Tao , Wang Rongyang , Ma Guowei , Wang Yong , Du Jianmin
Published: January 2025

The hyperspectral remote sensing images of agricultural crops contain rich spectral information, which can provide important details about crop growth status, diseases, and pests. However, existing crop classification methods face several key limitations when processing hyperspectral remote sensing images, primarily in the following aspects. First, the complex background in the images. Various elements in the background may have similar spectral characteristics to the crops, and this spectral similarity makes the classification model susceptible to background interference, thus reducing classification accuracy. Second, the differences in crop scales increase the difficulty of feature extraction. In different image regions, the scale of crops can vary significantly, and traditional classification methods often struggle to effectively capture this information. Additionally, due to the limitations of spectral information, especially under multi-scale variation backgrounds, the extraction of crop information becomes even more challenging, leading to instability in the classification results. To address these issues, a semantic-guided transformer network (SGTN) is proposed, which aims to effectively overcome the limitations of these deep learning methods and improve crop classification accuracy and robustness. First, a multi-scale spatial–spectral information extraction (MSIE) module is designed that effectively handle the variations of crops at different scales in the image, thereby extracting richer and more accurate features, and reducing the impact of scale changes. Second, a semantic-guided attention (SGA) module is proposed, which enhances the model’s sensitivity to crop semantic information, further reducing background interference and improving the accuracy of crop area recognition. By combining the MSIE and SGA modules, the SGTN can focus on the semantic features of crops at multiple scales, thus generating more accurate classification results. Finally, a two-stage feature extraction structure is employed to further optimize the extraction of crop semantic features and enhance classification accuracy. The results show that on the Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Salinas benchmark datasets, the overall accuracies of the proposed model are 98.24%, 98.34%, and 97.89%, respectively. Compared with other methods, the model achieves better classification accuracy and generalization performance. In the future, the SGTN is expected to be applied to more agricultural remote sensing tasks, such as crop disease detection and yield prediction, providing more reliable technical support for precision agriculture and agricultural monitoring.
Machine Learning-Based Approaches for Breast Density Estimation from Mammograms: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alhusari Khaldoon , Dhou Salam
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer, as of 2022, is the most prevalent type of cancer in women. Breast density—a measure of the non-fatty tissue in the breast—is a strong risk factor for breast cancer that can be estimated from mammograms. The importance of studying breast density is twofold. First, high breast density can be a factor in lowering mammogram sensitivity, as dense tissue can mask tumors. Second, higher breast density is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, making accurate assessments vital. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the mammographic density estimation literature, with an emphasis on machine-learning-based approaches. The approaches reviewed can be classified as visual, software-, machine learning-, and segmentation-based. Machine learning methods can be further broken down into two categories: traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches. The most commonly utilized models are support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with classification accuracies ranging from 76.70% to 98.75%. Major limitations of the current works include subjectivity and cost-inefficiency. Future work can focus on addressing these limitations, potentially through the use of unsupervised segmentation and state-of-the-art deep learning models such as transformers. By addressing the current limitations, future research can pave the way for more reliable breast density estimation methods, ultimately improving early detection and diagnosis.
The Effect of a Working Memory Intervention Package on the Working Memory Performance of Primary School Students with Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Okur Mehmet , Aksoy Veysel
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effects of a working memory (WM) intervention package on the WM performance of students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs). A pre-test post-test experimental design was applied with 40 students, divided equally into experimental (20 students) and control groups (20 students). Data were collected using the Working Memory Scale (WMS), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), and the Working Memory Performance Tasks Form (WM-PTF). The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in WMS and WM-PTF scores relative to the control group (p < 0.006, d = 1.96 for WMS; d = 1.42 for WM-PTF). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in WM performance and intelligence scores, suggesting that intelligence may influence WM gains. In conclusion, the WM intervention package was significant in improving the WM performance of students with SLDs, indicating that such interventions have significant potential for enhancing cognitive functions and memory. These findings highlight the critical role of WM interventions in contributing to the cognitive development of students with learning difficulties.
Advanced Rheological, Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Phase-Separation Behavior of PLA/PCL Blends
Authors: Ivanov Evgeni , Kotsilkova Rumiana , Georgiev Vladimir , Batakliev Todor , Angelov Verislav
Published: January 2025

This research presents a comprehensive investigation of PLA/PCL polymer blends using advanced rheological characterization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical, thermal analysis (DMTA) to evaluate phase-separation behavior and functional properties. Polymer composites with various PLA/PCL ratios were fabricated via melt extrusion, a sustainable and scalable approach. The rheological studies revealed significant insights into the blends’ viscoelastic behavior, while SEM analyses provided detailed observations of microstructural phase separation. Thermal transitions and crystallization behaviors were evaluated through DSC, and the dynamic mechanical properties were examined via DMTA. The results confirmed that the tailored PLA/PCL blends exhibit properties suitable for advanced additive manufacturing (AM) and shape memory applications, merging flexibility and environmental sustainability. This study emphasizes the novelty of integrating multidisciplinary characterization methods to unravel the structure–property relationships in PLA/PCL systems. By addressing modern demands for eco-friendly, high-performance materials, this work establishes a foundation for the development of innovative polymer composites with potential applications in smart and responsive technologies.
Regional Geological Data on the Volturno Basin Filling and Its Relationship to the Massico Structure (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
Authors: Aiello Gemma
Published: January 2025

We built a regional geological section founded upon the assessment of a seismic line in the Volturno basin, which is situated on the northern Campania continental shelf of the Tyrrhenian margin of Southern Italy. This section has been integrated with multichannel seismic data of Zone E (ViDEPI project) to highlight its relationships with the Massico structure. In the Volturno basin, there are four Pleistocene to Holocene units, recognized based on seismic analysis lie above deep seismo-stratigraphic units, related to Campania Latium carbonate platform and The Frosinone Flysch. Onshore and offshore seismic data, calibrated with lithostratigraphic correlation, have displayed the seismo-stratigraphic framework, including both sedimentary and volcanic seismo-stratigraphic units. Of these, the lavas associated with the Northern Campania Volcanic Zone’s Villa Literno volcano are associated with seismic unit 2a. Seismo-stratigraphic data has shown the offshore prolongation of the Massico structure, as involved by normal faults and flower structures. The whole-data interpretation suggests that the tectonic activity acted in correspondence to normal faults, which have controlled half-graben and interposed structural highs, fitting to the regional geological setting of the continental margin.
Hyperbolic Paraboloid Free-Surface Breakwaters: Hydrodynamic Study and Structural Evaluation
Authors: ElDarwich Hamid , Wu Gaoyuan , Pawitan Krisna A , Garlock Maria
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the potential of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) shapes for enhancing wave attenuation and structural efficiency in Free-Surface Breakwaters (FSBW). A decoupled approach combining Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to analyze hypar-faced FSBW performance across varying hypar warping values and wave characteristics. SPH simulations, validated through experiments, determine wave attenuation performance and extract pressure values for subsequent FEM analysis. Results indicate that hypar-faced FSBW produces increased wave attenuation compared to traditional flat-faced designs, particularly for shorter wave periods and smaller drafts. Furthermore, hypar surfaces exhibit up to three times lower principal stresses under wave loading compared to the flat counterpart, potentially allowing for thinner surfaces. The study also shows that peak-load static stress values provide a reasonable approximation for preliminary design, with less than 6% average difference compared to dynamic analysis results. In summary, this research presents hypar-faced FSBW as a promising alternative in coastal defense strategies, offering effective wave attenuation and structural efficiency in the context of rising sea levels and increasing storm intensities.
Is Medium Still the Message? The Vague Relationship Between Broadcasting, Streaming, and Media Audiences
Authors: Podara Anna
Published: January 2025

Marshall McLuhan’s famous assertion that “the medium is the message” and the affordances of a medium (e [...]