bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Backstepping Control of Switched Reluctance Motor with Artificial Neural Network based Flux Estimator
Authors: Nha Phi Hoang , Phi Pham Hung , Thuy Dao Quang , Hai Le Xuan , Dat Pham Xuan , Linh Nguyen Ngoc
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a new approach to design a nonlinear controller for switched reluctance motors (SRMs) based on backstepping technique and artificial neuron network (ANN) in flux estimator. Backstepping controller with an ANN flux estimator will be applied for controlling SRMs which have a nonlinear drive model. The ANN flux estimator was trained off-line using backpropagation algorithm. The stability of the closed control loop was analyzed and proved accroding to the Lyapunov stability standard. The numerical simulation results confirmed the accuracy of the estimator and the quality of the backstepping control system.
A Finite-Time Speed and Direction Control for Four-Wheel Drive System
Authors: Shareef Sarkar , Aula Fadhil
Published: December 2021

With the rapid use of the Four-Wheel Drive System (FWDS) worldwide, the necessity of having an adequate control system to control speed and direction in FWDS is extremely required. For this purpose, several control schemes are available in the literature to control the speed and direction in FWDS which should be fast convergence of the control, continuous control performance, and solving external disturbances. In latest years, finite-time controllers (FTC) have gained more consideration from many researchers in the control area, who have expressed applications in several procedures and systems. This research provides a major review of the FTC approaches via both input and output feedbacks for controlling FWDS.
Quality, Price, and Competition Strategy Effects on Performance of Soft Drink Enterprises in Rwanda
Authors: Pereez Nimusima , Arthur Nuwagaba , Jackson Tuhirirwe , Nathan Karuhanga , Kennedy Kamau
Published: December 2021

Amidst market performance challenges of declining customer numbers and sales for some soft drinks enterprises in Rwanda, that has caused a big concern for academics and professionals, the study set to empirically investigate the effect of quality, price and competition strategies on sales and customer retention performance for these enterprises. The study was quantitative and cross-sectional where researchers obtained data at a single point in time on more than one case. A sample size of 118 marketing managers was taken from these enterprises in the central districts of Kigali that produce carbonated drinks, mineral water and juice. Due to corona virus pandemic, virtual means of data collection were used through telephone-based questionnaire survey. Despite the positive and significant relationship between quality and price strategies with market performance, ( =0.500, t=1.09, p<0.01) for quality, ( =0.23, t=3.05, p<0.01) for price, results for competition strategies ( =0.23, t=3.05, p=0.281), show nonsignificant relationship with market performance in the studied context. This finding manifests a big gap in managing competition and therefore advise these enterprises to revisit their competition management decisions and make investment in those positioning alternatives that impact on consumer perceptions.
The Impact of People in Cooperation on Cooperative Management of the Private Sector
Authors: Raewf Manaf , Mahmood Yazen , Jaafar Ali
Published: December 2021

Cooperation among employees is one of the main determinants of a successful business because people are the main protagonists of cooperative management. Therefore, organizations have to give more attention to establish a cooperative management. This study examines the impact of people in cooperation on cooperative management. The research also included recommendations for organization managers, as well as a theoretical basis of cooperative management and people in cooperation, based on a management model developed by Mondragon Cooperation. The SMART PLS3 was used to analyze data collected through the distribution of questioners to employees and academic staff at two private universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Researchers believe that the presence of integral development and cooperative leadership helps in the implementation of cooperative management by the staff. However, organizations are recommended to strengthening the power of staff and allowing them to practice the role of managing, as well as, being authorized at a certain level in order to increase cooperative conduct between employees and management in terms of organizational management concerns.
NOTAS SOBRE LA EXPLOTACIÓN Y LA DOMINACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA EN EL CAPITALISMO DEL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Orozco Alán Ricardo Rodríguez
Published: December 2021

Valiéndose de la puesta en diálogo de, por un lado, los aportes de la filosofía social (teoría crítica), desarrollada por Herbert Marcuse, en la segunda mitad del siglo XX; y, por el otro, la filosofía de la técnica, ensayada por Bolívar Echeverría, en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI; el presente texto busca problematizar los fenómenos contemporáneos de la explotación y la dominación capitalista, situando (espacial y temporalmente) y dando cuenta de las tendencias históricas dominantes que explican los niveles de radicalidad a los cuales ambos fenómenos han arribado. En particular, lo que aquí interesa es identificar aquellas trayectorias seguidas por la dominación y la explotación tecnológicas, en el seno del capitalismo contemporáneo, que desde hace algunos años tienden hacia su propia hegemonización y consolidación en el acontecer de la vida cotidiana alrededor del mundo. De ahí que el énfasis esté colocado en visibilizar las lógicas de funcionamiento que ya operaban en la realidad de millones de personas con anterioridad al contexto inaugurado por la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, sacando a la luz, sobre todo, sus contradicciones y tensiones intrínsecas. Para cumplir con dicho propósito, el documento se divide en tres apartados. En el primero se lleva a cabo el análisis del fundamento, la esencia y la forma de la matriz tecnológica contemporánea; en el segundo, se problematizan los fenómenos de la enajenación, la alienación y la explotación tecnológica como condiciones de posibilidad del sostenimiento del capitalismo, a pesar de la crisis por la que atraviesa; finalmente, en el tercer apartado se ofrecen algunas anotaciones sobre la automatización productiva, los sistemas de vigilancia y la interiorización del poder en Occidente, en general; y en América, en particular.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LAUREL ESSENTIAL OIL
Authors: Nicolao Juliana Olívia , Bellaver Franciana Aparecida Volpato , Kist Volmir , Radin Daniel , De Haro Marcelo Mendes , Nicolao André Alois , Dos Santos Elis Regina Alchieri , Millezi Alessandra Farias
Published: December 2021

The factors that arouse interest in the study of essential oils as biocidal agents are numerous, such as the fact that they have antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and larvicidal properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of the laurel (Laurus nobilis L) essential oil on the growth of pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, at different exposure times, as well as to perform the chemical characterization. Twenty compounds were identified and quantified, representing 96.57% of the total composition. The class of oxygenated monoterpenes represented the majority class of the essential oil, with 1,8-cineol (33.8%) as the substance found in greater quantity, followed by linalool (17.79%). The third constituent in greater quantity was sabinene (12.23%), belonging to the group of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Terpinyl acetate (9.41%) was also considered to be quantitatively representative. Laurel essential oil showed bacteriostatic activity against S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and S. aureus ATCC 25923.
Anatomical features of conductive tissues of soybeans that prevent the penetration of pathogenic agents of bacterial blight into seeds
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Zelentsov S.V. , Saenko G.M. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Moshnenko E.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK)
Published: December 2021

The ways of penetration of pathogenic bacteria from the infected vegetative parts of plants into soybean seeds remain practically unexplored. It is widely believed that soybean seeds are infected through the vascular system from already infected areas of the vegetative parts. The aim of the present research was to study the possibility of penetration of pathogens of bacterial blight into soybean seeds through the conductive tissues of plants. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops on plants and seeds of soybean variety Vilana. It was found that the size of stomatal slots in soybean leaves is 8–12 µm. This ensures free penetration of bacteria with a diameter of 1.3–1.7 µm into the leaf mesophyll. The pore sizes of the sieve plates of the phloem range from 0.4–0.7 to 0.8–1.6 µm, depending on the age of the plants. The largest pores of the phloem sieve plates are comparable to the diameters of pathogenic bacteria. However, a large number of transverse sieve plates located in the vessels of the phloem every 0.05–0.1 mm will filter and partially retain bacteria in each sieve tube along the path of cell sap in the phloem. Therefore, the pathogenic bacteria passing through the entire phloem from leaves infected with bacteriosis up to pods is physically unlikely. In pods, the vascular system ends in the area of attachment of the placenta to the seed hilum. In the hilum, there are no conductive tissues, and the further flow of water and nutrients into the seed is carried out diffusely through the plasmodesma of cell walls. It was found that the anatomical structure of the soybean phloem prevents the free movement of pathogenic bacteria along the conductive system directly into the inner tissues of the seeds. Therefore, the hypothesis of infection of soybean seeds with pathogens of bacterial blight through the conducting system of the plant should be considered untenable.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON COMPRESSION FOAM COOLING DURING ITS DELIVERY AT DIFFERENT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MODES
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, A. Gumirov
Published: December 2021

Purpose. The article describes methodology for conducting research on parameters of compression foam cooling during its delivery through hose-pump systems depending on the operating modes of the foam generating installation. The impact of mass consumption of compression foam on its cooling at low temperatures has been examined. The application of a mathematical model of air-foam mixture movement in hose-pump systems at different temperature modes has been substantiated. Methods. Empirical method-experiment has been used for research. Findings. A number of experiments have been carried out to confirm the developed model of compression foam moving in hose-pump systems at different temperature modes. A mobile installation for generating and delivering compression foam has been used as the object of the research. Inaccuracy in calculations obtained with the help of a mathematical model in comparison with the experimental data is 10% which makes a possible to claim that the model of compression foam moving in hose-pump systems at different temperature modes has been chosen properly. Research application field. According to the obtained data, it is possible to plan means and forces of fire units for extinguishing fires using compression foam at low temperatures. Conclusions. The developed mathematical model of compression foam movement during its delivery through hose-pump systems is confirmed by experimental data. The dependence of mass consumption impact on compression foam cooling when it is delivered through fire hoses at low temperatures has been obtained experimentally.
PROBABILITY-STATISTICAL REGULARITIES Of MILITARY MINING RESCUE SQUADS FUNCTIONING AT MINING INDUSTRY FACILITIES
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, A. Beck
Published: December 2021

Purpose. The article discusses the possibility and necessity of forming and functioning of emergency rescue squads capable of carrying out a wide range of emergency rescue and other urgent operations at the mining industry facilities. Methods. The basis for theoretical researches was mathematical statistics methods, the mathematical modeling method, modeling and calculations related to the assessment of joint units forming and functioning for servicing hazardous production facilities of the mining industry. Findings. The study of statistical data on responses of the most loaded paramilitary mine rescue squads carried out on the territory of guarded hazardous production facilities of the mining industry of the Russian Federation for the period from 2015 to 2019 has been carried out. Substantiating the number of the mine rescue squads detachments for servicing calls has been carried out. The probabilistic, time and frequency characteristics of the failure-free call service have been used as criteria to substantiate the number n of the detachments. It has been found that accidents and incidents at mining sites are of a different nature, and mine rescue squads have a different load associated with the operational activity, which is explained by the industrial hazard of protected mining sites and industrial infrastructure. The main share of registered accidents at mining facilities are fires (52.4 %) and collapses (22.9 %). Research application field. The data obtained can be used in the organizational design of mine rescue units and services. Conclusions. The flow of destructive events at the mining industry facilities obeys the Poisson stationary distribution law, and the temporal characteristics of the mine rescue squads response process are described by the Erlang distribution. Methods of mathematical modeling functioning processes of urgent emergency rescue services can be used for organizational design of emergency rescue services and units at the mining industry facilities.
IDEOLOGICAL ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF GERMAN RIGHT-WING PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, Furs V.
Published: December 2021

The article provides a description of the German right-wing parties and movements of the new generation, reveals their similarities and differences regarding the traditional right-wing and radical right-wing parties. The study traces the evolutionary path and continuity of the new right-wing parties, analyzes the reasons for the popularity of alternative right-wing ideas among the German electorate. Based on the analysis of the electoral campaigns from 2013 to 2021, assessing the effectiveness of the Alternative party political strategy for Germany as the only influential right-wing force is given. In conclusion the prerequisites for the decline of the new legal movement are described, and the conditions necessary for the movement to maintain the positions won in the society are also listed.
Zarządzanie przedsiębiorstwem komunalnym
Authors:   Małopolska Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczna w Tarnowie, Barwacz Kazimierz , Chrabąszcz-Sarad Karolina , Mikos Anna , Wojtowicz Anna
Published: December 2021

Celem książki jest próba wskazania uwarunkowań funkcjonowania jednostek sektora komunalnego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem opisu modelu organizacyjnego zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem komunalnym oraz przedstawienia wizji jako usystematyzowane wyobrażenie o pożądanych kierunkach rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa komunalnego. Natomiast celem metodycznym jest przygotowanie koncepcji badań diagnostycznych systemów zarządzania operacyjnego PK oraz wskazania kierunków ich doskonalenia. Istotnym wyróżnikiem sprawności systemu zarządzania są kompetencje kierownicze. Dla osiągnięcia celu badań wykorzystano liczne narzędzia analizy ekonomicznej i organizacyjnej oraz model biznesu, ciekawe poznawczo, nowe narzędzie koncepcyjne. Model biznesu w swej istocie określa:sposób, w jaki kreowana jest wartość, akcentuje holistyczne podejście do badania organizacji oraz jej funkcjonowania, wskazuje na znaczącą rolę organizacji działań rozwojowych przedsiębiorstwa – jest narzędziem projektowania. Można zatem przyjąć, że model biznesu spełnia funkcję diagnostyczną i funkcję rozwojową przedsiębiorstwa oraz stanowi klamrę spinającą realizację ich funkcji głównych.
Early Cortical Laminar Necrosis on MRI
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, DA Mohamed , B Onka ,   Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, S Choayb ,   Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, I En-Nafaa ,   Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, JEL Fenni ,   Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, H En-Nouali ,   Department of Radiology, Mohamed V Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: December 2021

An 80-year-old man with chronic hypertension was admitted to the emergency department with consciousness disorders. The evolution was marked by a rapid worsening of his neurological condition. The patient was intubated and ventilated. The biological check-up revealed a blood glucose level of 0.2g/l. A brain scan was performed which was without abnormality. Two days after the normalization of the blood sugar level, the patient presented a late awakening. A brain MRI was performed which showed bilateral fronto-parietal laminar cortical areas in T2, Flair and diffusion hypersignal, T1 iso signal, and no hyposignal on T2 gradient echo sequence (Figure 1). The diagnostic of Cortical Laminar Necrosis was retained.
Photosensitized Nickel Catalysis Enabled Silyl Radical Mediated Direct Activation of Carbamoyl Chlorides to Access (Hetero)aryl Carbamides
Authors: Maiti Sudip , Roy Sayan , Ghosh Pintu , Maiti Debabrata
Published: December 2021

The transformation of a readily available molecule to a medicinally relevant functionality is the heart of organic synthesis which literally unfolds new direction in the field of drug discovery and development. Accordingly, synthetic chemistry fraternity is constantly striving to introduce a range of avant-garde techniques to construct an incredibly important fundamental entity like “amide bonds” which connect the amino acids in proteins and exist as a prevalent structural motif in biomolecules. In this context, we want to introduce the concept of cross-electrophile coupling by merging the photoredox and transition metal catalysis to construct carbamides from superabundant (hetero)aryl chlorides or bromides along with commercially feasible carbamoyl chlorides. However, there is barely any report on direct activation of carbamoyl chloride so far. To circumvent the challenge, we employ the intrinsic affinity of silyl radical species towards halogen atom to harness the carbamoyl radical directly from carbamoyl chlorides which is seemingly the first of its kind. The success of this protocol relies on the prior formation of ‘aryl halides to Ni-catalyst’ oxidative addition intermediate that assists in generation of the vital carbamoyl radical. The breadth of application of this technique is significantly demonstrated by the synthesis of a plethora of (hetero)aryl carbamides with diverse functionalities. As stated earlier, we outline the direct utility of this protocol by the late-stage amidation of halide containing drug molecules and pharmacophores.
Enhancement of hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics in alkaline media by fast galvanic displacement of nickel with rhodium – from smooth surfaces to electrodeposited nickel foams
Authors: Jovanović Aleksandar , Bijelić Lazar , Dobrota Ana , Skorodumova Natalia , Mentus Slavko , Pasti Igor
Published: December 2021

Energy-efficient hydrogen production is one of the key factors for advancing the hydrogen-based economy. Alkaline water electrolysis is the main route for the production of high-purity hydrogen, but further improvements of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts are still needed. Industrial alkaline electrolysis relies on Ni-based catalysts, and here we describe a drastic improvement of HER activity of Ni in alkaline media using several model catalysts for HER obtained upon nickel surface modification in aqueous solution of rhodium salts, when a spontaneous deposition of rhodium takes place based on the chemical displacement reaction 3Ni + 2Rh3+ = 3Ni2+ + 2Rh. In the case of smooth Ni-poly electrodes, HER activity surpasses the activity of Pt-poly already after 30 s of exchange with Rh. SEM analysis showed that Rh is uniformly distributed, while surface roughness changes within 10%, agreeing with electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, XPS analysis has shown effective incorporation of Rh in the surface, while DFT calculations suggest that hydrogen binding is significantly weakened on the Rh-modified Ni surfaces. Such tuning of the hydrogen binding energy is seen as the main factor governing HER activity improvements. The same galvanic displacement protocols were employed for nickel foam electrodes and electrodeposited Ni on Ti mesh. In both cases, somewhat longer Rh exchange times are needed to obtain superior activities than for the smooth Ni surface, but up to 10 min. HER overpotential corresponding to −10 mA cm−2 for nickel foam and electrodeposited Ni electrodes, after modification with Rh, amounted to only −0.07 and −0.09 V, respectively. Thus, it is suggested that a fast spontaneous displacement of Ni with Rh could effectively boost HER in alkaline media with minor cost penalties compared to energy saving in the electrolysis process.
Novel copolymers of vinyl acetate. 2. Oxy ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates
Authors: Barilla Lisa , Bogatay Terry L. , Davis Joy A. , Fienberg James R. , Jensen Christopher E. , Johnson Karen S. , Kahlon Poonam K. , Loveless Meeah , Sajwani Karim N. , Tsarpralis Maria A. , Stevens Amy T. , Tessalee Peter , Varona Christopher M. , Viriyakul Thanarat , Wadey Elizabeth A. , Wills Michael L. , Wroblewski Emily E. , Kharas Gregory B
Published: December 2021

Novel copolymers of vinyl acetate and oxy ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2C2H5 (where R is 2-methoxy, 3-methoxy, 4-methoxy, 2-ethoxy, 4-ethoxy, 4-propoxy, 4-butoxy, 2,3-dimethoxy, 2,4-dimethoxy, 2,5-dimethoxy, 3,4-dimethoxy, 2,3,4-trimethoxy, 2,4,5-trimethoxy, 2,4,6-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trimethoxy) were prepared in solution with radical initiation at 70C. The propenoates were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and ethyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was studied by DSC (Tg) and TGA. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 160-350ºC range with residue (2.2-25.3 wt%), which then decomposed in the 500-650ºC range.
Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis Sulfone Compounds Synthesised with Carbon Nitride as the Semiheterogeneous Photocatalyst
Authors: Liu Yang , Berkhong Joost
Published: December 2021

An easily available heterogeneous semiconductor material, g-CN, proved to be feasible when combined with homogeneous nickel catalysts for light-mediated C(sp2)-SO2Ar bond formation of aryl bromides with aryl sulfinates under mild conditions and base-free, unlocking a variety of cross-couplings. The metal-free heterogeneous semiconductor is totally recyclable from reaction system, and experimental results demonstrated a series of differently substituted substrates including electron donating groups and electron withdrawing groups can be tolerated with a satisfactory result. The method could even pro-duce the classic drug Dapsone in large scale, showing strong practical application potential.
Methods to Calculate Electronic Excited-state Dynamics For Molecules on Large Metal Clusters with Many States: Ensuring Fast Overlap Calculations and a Robust Choice of Phase
Authors: Chen Hsing-Ta , Chen Junhan , Cofer-Shabica Vale , Zhou Zeyu , Athavale Vishikh , Medders Gregory , Subotnik Joseph , Jin Zuxin
Published: December 2021

We present an efficient set of methods for propagating excited-state dynamics involving a large number of electronic states based on a CIS electronic state overlap scheme. Specifically, (i) following Head-Gordon et al, we implement an exact evaluation of the overlap of singly-excited electronic states at different nuclear geometries using a biorthogonal basis, and (ii) we employ a unified protocol for choosing the correct phase for each adiabat at each geometry. For many-electron systems, the combination of these techniques significantly reduces the computational cost of integrating the electronic Schrodinger equation and imposes minimal overhead on top of the underlying electronic structure calculation. As a demonstration, we calculate the electronic excited-state dynamics for a hydrogen molecule scattering off a silver metal cluster, focusing on high-lying excited states where many electrons can be excited collectively and crossings are plentiful. Interestingly, we find that the high-lying, plasmon-like collective excitation spectrum changes with nuclear dynamics, highlighting the need to simulate non-adiabatic nuclear dynamics and plasmonic excitations simultaneously. In the future, the combination of methods presented here should help theorists build a mechanistic understanding of plasmon-assisted charge transfer and excitation energy relaxation processes near a nanoparticle or metal surface.
Algebraic apparatus of a Sequences of the Derivation
Authors: Поморцев Леонид Александрович
Published: December 2021

Предлагаемая работа нацелена на искоренение недостатков Последовательностей Вывода ({\bf ПВ}), присущих программам вычислительных машин. Постановка задачи и предшествующие исследования {\bf ПВ} составляют содержание работ [10-12]. На завершающем этапе статьи {\bf ПВ} заменяются Функционально-Эквивалентными ({\bf ФЭ}) им алгебраическими выражениями, на входе в которые имеют место те же Функциональные Зависимости ({\bf ФЗ}), что и в исходных {\bf ПВ}. Результат работы, соответствующий её целям, содержится в Теореме 3.

The offered work is aimed at eradication of shortcomings of the Sequences of the Derivation ({\bf SD}) inherent in programs of computers. The establish of the problem and the previous researches {\bf SD} make the content of works [10-12]. At the final stage of this article {\bf SD} are replaced with algebraic expressions wich is Functionally Equivalent ({\bf FE}) to them on which entrance the same Functional Dependences ({\bf FD}), as in initial {\bf SD}. The result of work answering her purpose contains in the Theorem 3.
Устранение рекурсии в полуинтерпретированных схемах программ
Authors: Шилов Николай Вячеславович
Published: December 2021

В докладе представлен обзор результатов, полученных автором с начиная с 2010 г., по эффективному пребразванию («трансляции») паттернов рекурсивных программ (рекурсивных схем с неинтерпретированными или только частично интерпретированными функциональными и предикатными символами) в функционально эквивалентные стандартные схемы программ, то есть блок-схемы итеративных программ с теми же самыми неинтерпретированными или только частично интерпретированными функциональными и предикатными символами.
Нечеткий когнитивный анализ и моделирование сложных систем и процессов
Authors: Борисов Вадим Владимирович
Published: December 2021

Охарактеризованы проблемы исследования сложных систем, процессов и проблемных ситуаций и представлены подходы к использованию нечетких когнитивных моделей для их анализа и моделирования, заключающиеся: во-первых, в предварительном анализе систем, процессов и проблемных ситуаций, результаты которого применяются для более углубленного исследования; во-вторых, в замене/модернизации отдельных компонентов моделей для расширения возможностей и улучшения свойств базовых моделей; в-третьих, в построении композиционных гибридных нечетких моделей, в которых отдельные нечеткие модели выполняют различные задачи по достижению общей цели. Приведены примеры реализации указанных подходов при исследовании систем, процессов и проблемных ситуаций.
О стационарном распределении числа требований в одной системе массового обслуживания
Authors: Кондратенко Александр Евгеньевич , Соболев Виталий Николаевич
Published: December 2021

Рассматривается однолинейная система массового обслуживания с групповым поступлением требований, в которой длительности обслуживания имеют показательное распределение, число заявок в поступающей в систему группе требований ограничено, а число мест для ожидания не ограничено. Для данной системы массового обслуживания показано, что стационарные вероятности числа заявок в системе могут быть выражены через свертку аналогичных вероятностей вложенной цепи Маркова и нормированных хвостовых вероятностей числа заявок в поступающей в систему группы требований.
Принцип декомпозиции и алгоритмическая неразрешимость для моноидов Клини с делениями
Authors: Кузнецов Степан Львович
Published: December 2021

В работе рассматривается специальный класс моноидов с делениями и итерацией Клини - а именно, удовлетворяющих принципу декомпозиции итерации. Доказана Σ01 -полнота его инэквациональной теории; также показано, что существуют моноиды с делениями и итерацией, не удовлетворяющие принципу декомпозиции.
On the stationary distributions in some queueing systems
Authors: Соболев Виталий Николаевич , Кондратенко Александр Евгеньевич
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматриваются стационарные распределения числа требований
в системах массового обслуживания $M_{\lambda}|G|n|\infty$ и $GI_{\lambda}^{\nu}|M_{\mu}|1|\infty$,
и показывается, что введение в данные системы массового обслуживания
вспомогательных распределений с понятным вероятностным смыслом вместе
с их производящими функциями позволяет упростить как доказательство
так и его восприятие, а также приводит к новой записи полученных
результатов. В первой системе рассматривается усечённое распределение
искомого стационарного распределения для вложенной цепи Маркова. Данное
усечение связано с количеством каналов $n$ и описывает вероятностные
веса состояний системы, когда существует хотя бы один незанятый канал.
Во второй системе для описания результатов используется распределение,
связанное с распределением количества заявок во входящей группе требований:
определяются вероятности хвостов описанного распределения, а потом
для получения вспомогательного вероятностного распределения берётся
их удельный вес между собой.

This paper deals with two queuing system: $M_{\lambda}|G|n|\infty$ and $GI_{\lambda}^{\nu}|M_{\mu}|1|\infty$. The purpose is to find the steady-state results in terms of the probability-generating functions.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Palhano Ricarte Oliveira Angelo , Leiros Sarmento da Silva Iasmin , Chaia Jade Oliveira , Rodrigues Rocha Maria Clara , Alves Teixeira Michelly , De Souza Maciel Verônica , Rossinetti Rufinoni Priscila
Published: December 2021

Editorial do número 06, volume 12, ano 2017.
CRÍTICAS DE MARX, WEBER E LUKÁCS AO CAPITALISMO
Authors: Gomes Maia Pires Maria Raquel
Published: December 2021

Este artigo reflete sobre as especificidades, os embates e as articulações das críticas de Marx, Weber e Lukács ao capitalismo, no âmbito da contribuição desses filósofos à Teoria crítica da sociedade. Parte-se da seguinte questão: que articulação é possível fazer entre as críticas de Marx, Weber e Lukács ao pensamento liberal que sustenta o capitalismo? Como argumento central, defende-se que tanto Marx quanto Weber e Lukács - embora com perspectivas conceituais, históricas e filosóficas distintas e por vezes conflitantes , focam suas análises nos meios de racionalização e de justificação do capitalismo na sociedade liberal moderna. Em Marx, discute-se a importância metodológica da transição da circulação para a produção, com ênfase na crítica Ã  ideologia liberal. Em seguida, faz-se uma reconstrução das objeções de Weber à noção de superestrutura marxista, a partir de sua interpretação da ética protestante como meio de justificação ao espírito do capitalismo. Por fim, analisa-se o processo de reificação das relações sociais no capitalismo em Lukács, à luz das críticas feitas por ele à filosofia clássica alemã. Conclui-se que os conceitos de ideologia, ética e reificação dos referidos autores auxiliam na compreensão crítica das entranhas da dominação capitalista.
CRISE NAS DEMOCRACIAS OCIDENTAIS NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Ferreira Fontes Igor
Published: December 2021

Em seu livro Against Elections, David Van Reybrouck defende que a democracia hoje enfrenta uma crise de legitimidade e eficiência: menos pessoas participam dos processos políticos, e os governos não conseguem mais solucionar rapidamente os problemas. Ele identifica quatro culpados para o que chama de Síndrome da Fadiga Democrática: os políticos, a democracia, a democracia representativa e a democracia eleitoral representativa. Todavia, a maioria de seus comentários concentra-se em eventos e dados europeus, para então se referir a um problema geral com a democracia. Este artigo busca argumentar que a análise de Reybrouck pode ser aplicada às democracias ocidentais, e que os problemas gerados por esse descontentamento com o sistema representativo expandem seu ódio não só à democracia, mas também à política. Isso ocorre pelo fato de hoje o modelo representativo ser visto comumente como indissociável da democracia, a qual, por sua vez, é vista hoje como indissociável da política, de modo que o descontentamento com a representação se transforma em ódio à política.
PATRIARCADO, CAPITALISMO, FEMINISMO E A POSIÇÃO POLÍTICA DA MULHER NA HISTÓRIA
Authors: Pereira da Silva Kelle Cristina
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como escopo realizar uma análise da relação entre patriarcado, capitalismo e feminismo à luz da IV Jornada de Filosofia Política da UnB: Pensar a Cidad - mais especificamente a exposição argumentativa do professor Luiz Paulo Rouanet com o texto “As mulheres de Atenas, uma falha da democracia grega”. Por meio de uma breve análise histórica, tem-se por objetivo expor a opressão histórica da mulher desde os tempos antigos até a contemporaneidade, demonstrando a submissão feminina nos impérios orientais, no período grego e a utilização, pelo capitalismo, de uma opressão já existente e consolidada para fundamentar a dupla exploração feminina. Ademais, busca-se apresentar o papel do feminismo na promoção da emancipação feminina no espaço público.
INDÚSTRIA CULTURAL E O CONCEITO DE ALIENAÇÃO
Authors: Koop Stefane Katrini
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho visa abordar as consequências da Indústria Cultural nas produções estéticas e na forma de compreensão de mundo dos indivíduos, tendo como base as considerações de Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer apresentadas na obra Dialética do Esclarecimento (1944). Partindo do conceito de Indústria Cultural, os autores tratam de aspectos concernentes Ã  vida humana, tendo em vista instrumentos de esclarecimento como o cinema, a música, etc. mostrando como ocorre o obscurecimento de uma autenticidade nesses âmbitos em prol do capital. Com base nisso, buscar-se-á expor, primeiramente, as consequências do mundo reificado na arte, elencando como isso se dá a partir da instauração da Razão Instrumental. Posteriormente, discutir-se-á como os produtos mercantis levam a anulação dos instrumentos de reflexão e na perda de subjetividade dos indivíduos, culminando na construção de uma sociedade formada de modo alienado e padronizado, tendo como objetivo ultrapassar um viés social da interferência desse sistema na concepção de arte, retomando uma reflexão filosófica acerca de como tal problemática afeta a forma com que os indivíduos se relacionam com o mundo.
MARX E A NOÇÃO DE UNIVERSALIDADE
Authors: Flôres Santos Allysson
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem como finalidade propor uma conexão que evidencie a influência hegeliana (tendo como base a obra Ciência da Lógica) na leitura de Marx acerca dos economistas liberais e da interpretação que fazem da sociedade, principalmente nos temas abordados na primeira divisão de sua obra Elementos fundamentais para a crítica da economia política (Grundrisse). Tais temas consistem na análise de uma dura crítica Ã s abstrações e concepções a-históricas promovidas pela chamada economia política por meio de seus grandes teóricos e principais expoentes: Adam Smith e David Ricardo. Reagindo a essas concepções, Marx proporá o caminho da adoção de uma noção concreta de universalidade, conceito similar Ã  concepção de Hegel de um todo lógico-real.
Magnetic Susceptibility of Permafrost Meadow-Chernozem Soils of Central Yakutia
Authors:   Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone SB RAS, Chevychelov A. P. , Alekseev A. A. ,   Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone SB RAS, Kuznetsova L. I. ,   Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone SB RAS
Published: December 2021

Magnetic susceptibility was studied for the first time, as well as geographical and genetic features of the formation of properties and composition of permafrost meadowchernozem soils in Central Yakutia, depending on the conditions of soil formation and anthropogenic impact. A total of 11 soil sections were studied, with 6 soils developing under natural vegetation, and 5 under various agricultural lands. Various soil research methods, such as comparative geographical, profile-genetic, and comparative-analytical, were used in the course of this work, and the composition and properties of soils were determined using generally accepted methods. The volume magnetic susceptibility (VMS) was determined using a smallsized magnetic susceptibility meter KM-7, which is an improved version of the kt- 6 kappameter. The value of the specific magnetic susceptibility (SMS) was obtained by dividing the VMS value by the soil density p (expressed in kg/m3), χ = χ/p. It is shown that the properties of the studied soils differed significantly depending on the conditions of soil formation, as well as on the nature and level of anthropogenic impact. Also, the values of VMS and SMS of these soils of natural landscapes of Central Yakutia changed significantly, making up 31.4-138.9 Si units, respectively. 31.4-102.3ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. Even more variable values of VMS and SMS were observed in anthropogenic-modified analogs of the studied soils, where the values of VMS were 31.5-267.8 Si units, and those of SMS– 30.6-199.8ꞏ10-8 m3/kg. The magnetic profiles of the studied soils, which are characterized by the ratio χ/χc in the soils of natural landscapes corresponded to a more or less uniform type of distribution, where the values of the ratio χ/χc were 0.7-1.3, while in the studied soils of anthropogenic landscapes the values of these relations significantly narrow down and expanded to 0.2-2.0. This cardinally distinguishes the magnetic profiles of the studied permafrost meadow-chernozem soils from the corresponding chernozem soils of other non-permafrost regions of Russia, where accumulative types of magnetic profiles are usually formed, and the ratio χ/χc in the surface humus horizons is about 1,5 or even more.
Machine learning for brain signal analysis
Authors: Makhmet Ainur S. , Sharaev Maxim G. , Dyusembaev Anuar E. , Kustubayeva Almira M
Published: December 2021

Machine learning is an effective tool for analyzing signals from the human brain. Machine Learning techniques provide new insight into the understanding of brain function in healthy subjects and patients with neurological and mental disorders. Here we introduce the application of machine learning to brain signal analysis, specifically using two widely used brain signal collection methods: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Electroencephalography (EEG). The article provides a brief overview of the theoretical concept of machine learning and its types: supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning. The potential of machine learning applications in pathology is discussed. Differences between EEG and fMRI methods regarding machine learning application and an overview of the techniques employed in different research studies are reviewed.  The new machine learning methods invented for analysis of brain signals in the resting state and during the performance of the different cognitive tasks would be useful and worth considering in other domains, not limited to medicine.
Keywords: EEG, fMRI, machine learning, MVPA, brain signal analysis.
Study of cerium and neodymium leaching from Kazakhstan phosphogypsum
Authors: Khavaza Tamina , Tokpayev Rustam , Ibraimov Zair , Atchabarova Azhar , Kishibayev Kanagat , Nauryzbayev Mikhail
Published: December 2021

The processes of extraction of cerium and neodymium from Kazakhstan phosphogypsum, a large-tonnage waste of mineral fertilizer production of "Kazphosphate" LLP, have been studied. The influence of the nature of the leaching agent, temperature and duration of the process on the efficiency of cerium, neodymium leaching using the methods of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray phase and energy dispersive elemental analysis was studied. It has been found that the use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer in the leaching of rare earth metals intensifies the process of recovery from phosphogypsum by 20% for cerium and by 28% for neodymium. Optimal parameters of cerium and neodymium leaching under atmospheric and autoclave conditions have been found. In atmospheric conditions, recovery of cerium and neodymium were 70.3% and 92.0%, in autoclave conditions 72.9% and 87.5%, respectively. The obtained results allow us to hope for the processing possibility of these wastes with the aim of rare-earth metals and other valuable products recovery.
Novel 3,5- bis(fluorobenzylidene)piperidin-4-ones as regulators of wheat growth
Authors: Koshetova Zh. , Praliyev K. , Yu V. , Li T. , Zhumanova N. , Turaç E.
Published: December 2021

In plant growing, the practical value of growth regulators is determined by the ability to significantly accelerate the development and increase the productivity of most agricultural crops.
One of the most important tasks of the technology of wheat production is a target search for novel effective growth regulators. To determine the effect of the presence of fluoride in a molecule with the binding fragment of N-(2-ethoxyethyl)piperidine, as well as the substitution of ethoxyethyl substituent at nitrogen of piperidine cycle on benzyl it had been synthesized fluorine-containing piperidines. It turned out that the pre-treatment of seeds of spring wheat varieties Kazakhstanskaya-10, Severyanka and Miras with 0.01% solutions of 3,5-bis (fluorobenzylidene)piperidin-4-ones  as complexes with β–cyclodextrin regulates the effect on germination and development. Dienone with ethoxyethyl substitute at nitrogen of piperidine cycle stimulates growth, and its N-benzyl analogue is a retardant.
Target 3,5-bis(fluorarylidene)-4-piperidones were synthesized via the conditions of the Kleisen-Schmidt reaction by the interaction of piperidine-4-ones with fluorobenzaldehyde in ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide with a yield of 40.8-50.9%: Synthesized dienones are crystalline substances, limited soluble in water.
Identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from root nodules of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) grown on saline soils
Authors: Jabborova D. , Bozorov T. , Li L. , Kistaubayeva A. , Egamberdieva D.
Published: December 2021

In this study the endophytic bacteria from root nodules of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) grown on saline soils were isolated and their beneficial properties for plants were characterized.  A total of 12 isolates were isolated from nodules and four isolates (L2, L6, L9, L10) were able to produce lipase, protease and cellulose enzymes. All bacterial isolates were positive to glucanase activity.  Eleven isolates did not show antagonistic activity against fungal strains Fusarium (F.) oxysporum, F. equiseti and Verticillium (V.) dahliae. One isolate (L10) appeared to have the highest antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, F. equiset and V. dahlia. The effect of bacterial isolates of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on root and shoot growth of lentils were studied in pot experiments. The result revealed that among twelve isolates only five bacteria (L2, L4, L5, L9 and L10) increased significantly the fresh weight of lentil.  The 16S rRNA sequencing data showed that five bacterial isolates, which showed the positive effect on plant growth, belong to Bacillus (B.) subtilis L2, Rhizobium sp. L4, Enterobacter tabaci L4, B. cereus L9, and B. velezensis L10. They can possibly be suggested as microbial inoculants for lentil under saline soil conditions. Among bacterial isolates B. velezensis L10 could be used as a biological control agent to protect lentil from fungal pathogens.
COVID-19 and inequities in the Americas: lessons learned and implications for essential health services
Authors: Hennis Anselm J.M. , Coates Anna , del Pino Sandra , Ghidinelli Massimo , Gomez Ponce de Leon Rodolfo , Bolastig Edwin , Castellanos Luis , Oliveira e Souza Renato , Luciani Silvana
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated social, economic, and health-related disparities, which disproportionately affect persons living in conditions of vulnerability. Such populations include ethnic groups who face discrimination and experience barriers to accessing comprehensive health care. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed these health disparities, and disruptions of essential health services have further widened the gaps in access to health care. Noncommunicable diseases are more prevalent among groups most impacted by poor social determinants of health and have been associated with an increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 disease and higher mortality. Disruptions in the provision of essential health services for noncommunicable diseases, mental health, communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, and maternal and child health services (including sexual and reproductive health), are projected to also increase poor health outcomes. Other challenges have been an increased frequency of interpersonal violence and food insecurity. Countries in the Americas have responded to the disruptions caused by the pandemic by means of health service delivery through telemedicine and other digital solutions and stepping up social service support interventions. As vaccinations for COVID-19 create the opportunity to overcome the pandemic, countries must strengthen primary health care and essential health services with a view to ensuring equity, if the region is to achieve universal health coverage in fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Distribution and cost of Syrian refugees operated on in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Cakmak Fatih , Ipekci Afsin , Yilmaz Banu Karakus , Biberoglu Serap , Akdeniz Yonca , Ikizceli Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

Background: As a result of the Syrian civil war, > 5 million Syrian citizens have fled to neighbouring countries, particularly Turkey, under refugee status. Aims: To analyse the cost and justification for surgery of Syrian refugees treated in a secondary care hospital in Sanliurfa, Southeastern Turkey, close to the Syrian border. Methods: We enrolled 1458 Syrian refugees who were operated upon between 2012 and 2015. The data were obtained through a retrospective search of the hospital information system. Patients were divided into traumatic and nontraumatic cases. Injured body regions, anaesthetic technique, duration of operation, length of hospital stay, sociodemographic features and treatment cost were recorded and analysed. Results: Length of the hospital stay was 7.66 (0.31) days for all 1458 patients. The most common operations were orthopaedic, urological and cranial surgery. The total healthcare costs while patients stayed in hospital was ~US$ 2 million, and cost per patient was US$ 1400. Conclusions: The number of trauma operations performed has declined between 2012 and 2015. Health spending on refugees is an indicator of the economic burden on the country