bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placental SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Implications for Increased Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Shen Wei-Bin , Seif Karl E. , Townsel Courtney , Baracco Lauren , Logue James , Reece E. Albert , Frieman Matthew B. , Turan Sifa , Yang Peixin
Published: May 2024

Objective Pregnant women are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This could be explained through the prism of physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy. In addition, certain immunological reactions originate in the placenta in response to viral infections.

This study aimed to investigate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect the human placenta and discuss its implications in the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which we collected placental specimens from pregnant women who had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed RNA in situ hybridization assay on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to establish the in vivo evidence for placental infectivity by this corona virus. In addition, we infected trophoblast isolated from uninfected term human placenta with SARS-CoV-2 variants to further provide in vitro evidence for such an infectivity.

Results There was a total of 21 cases enrolled, which included 5 cases of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and 2 intrauterine fetal demises (IUFDs). Positive staining of positive-sense strand of SARS-CoV-2 virions was detected in 15 placentas including 4 SPTB and both IUFDs. In vitro infection assay demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 virions were highly capable of infecting both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.

Conclusion This study implies that placental SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes.

Key Points
2024 Chinese Expert Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly, Endorsed by Geriatric Society of Chinese Medical Association (Cardiovascular Group) and Chinese Society of Geriatric Health Medicine (Cardiovascular Branch): Executive Summary
Authors: Wang Yutang , Guo Yutao , Qin Mingzhao , Fan Jin , Tang Ming , Zhang Xinjun , Wang Hao , Li Xiaoying , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   Expert Reviewers
Published: May 2024

The consensus guidelines of the Geriatric Society of Chinese Medical Association on the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the elderly was first published in 2011 and updated in 2016, with endorsement by Chinese Society of Geriatric Health Medicine. Since then, many important studies regarding the screening and treatment in the elderly population have been reported, necessitating this updated expert consensus guideline. The writing committee members comprehensively reviewed updated evidence pertaining to elderly patients with AF, and formulated this 2024 update. The highlighted issues focused on the following: screening for AF, geriatric comprehensive assessment, use of the Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway for the elderly patients, and special clinical settings related to elderly patients with AF. New recommendations addressing smart technology facilitated AF screening, ABC pathway based management, and optimal anticoagulation were developed, with a focus on the elderly.
Diiodine–Triethylsilane System: Formation of N-Alkylsulfonamides from Benzylic Alcohols and Sulfonamides
Authors: Jiang Jin , Wang Zhuo , Xiao Lili
Published: May 2024

An operationally simple method has been developed for the synthesis of N-alkylsulfonamides from benzylic alcohols and sulfonamides in the presence of molecular iodine and triethylsilane. Various benzylic alcohols and sulfonamides were evaluated, and iodides generated in situ were shown to be the key intermediates.
Effect of Vinyl Acetate, Glass Fibers Contents, and Buffer Space on EVA's Mechanical Property and Shock Absorption Ability
Authors: Togo Shinji , Sakaue Takahiro , Tsutsui Arata , Matsuda Yoshiaki , Nakajima Kazunori , Takeda Tomotaka , Fukuda Kenichi , Vallittu Pekka , Lassila Lippo
Published: May 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and impact absorption capacity of prototype materials comprising ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) of different hardness reinforced using different amounts of glass fibers (GFs), considering a buffer space.

Materials and Methods Six prototype materials were made by adding E-GFs (5 and 10 wt%) to EVA with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 9.4 wt% (“hard” or HA) and 27.5 wt% (“soft” or SO). Durometer hardness and tensile strength tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials. Moreover, an impact test was conducted using a customized pendulum impact tester to assess the impact absorption capacity (with or without a buffer space) of the specimens.

Results The mechanical properties of the prototypes, namely, durometer hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength, were significantly higher in the HA group than in the SO group, regardless of the presence or added amount of GFs. The addition of GFs, particularly in a large amount (10 wt%), significantly increased these values. In terms of the impact absorption capacity, the original hardness of the EVA material, that is, its VA content, had a more substantial effect than the presence or absence of GFs and the added amount of GFs. Interestingly, the HA specimens with the buffer space exhibited significantly higher impact absorption capacities than the SO specimens. Meanwhile, the SO specimens without the buffer space exhibited significantly higher impact absorption capacities than the HA specimens. Moreover, regardless of the sample material and impact distance, the buffer space significantly improved impact absorption. In particular, with the buffer space, the impact absorption capacity increased with the added amount of GFs.

Conclusion The basic mechanical properties, including durometer hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength, of the EVA prototype were significantly increased by reducing the amount of VA regardless of the presence or added amount of GFs. Adding GFs, particularly in large amounts, significantly increased the values of aforementioned mechanical properties. Impact absorption was significantly affected by the hardness of the original EVA material and enhanced by the addition of the buffer space. The HA specimen had a high shock absorption capacity with the buffer space, and the SO specimen had a high shock absorption capacity without the buffer space. With the buffer space, impact absorption improved with the amount of added GFs.
Two Cases of Sleep-related Dissociative Disorder with Episodes of Nocturnal Eating
Authors: Schenck Carlos H.
Published: May 2024

Sleep-related dissociative disorder (SRDD) is a female-predominant psychiatric parasomnia that was first identified as a condition that mimics sleepwalking in 1989, and was included in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition, in 2005, with a subsequent expanding literature of case series and case reports. The objective hallmark of SRDD, found in about half of the reported cases, is sustained electroencephalogram (EEG) wakefulness during dissociative episodes emerging during wake-sleep transitions or after awakenings from light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Herein are reported two additional cases of SRDD in two female patients aged 53 and 40 years with prominent histories of multimodal abuse (typical of SRDD), with childhood emotional and food deprivation abuse in Case 1, and childhood emotional, sexual, and physical abuse in Case 2. Both patients were affected by “sleep phobia” and had recurrent nocturnal eating episodes. Major findings from the cumulative literature on SRDD are reinforced by these cases, with additional findings being described, particularly nocturnal eating behaviors and priming/triggering factors.
The Surgical Management of the Mesentery in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Coffey J.C. , Devine M.L.
Published: May 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that Crohn's disease is a primary mesenteropathy and that resection of the mesentery, or its exclusion from an anastomosis, may alter disease progression. If borne out in clinical trials, this observation would be welcome, as current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to Crohn's disease appear to have limited effect on disease progression. This article explores arguments for and against the alteration of mesenteric inputs by surgical means, in Crohn's disease.
Nonsevere Hemophilia: The Need for a Renewed Focus and Improved Outcomes
Authors: Dolan Gerard , Fijnvandraat Karin , Lenting Peter J. , Catarino Cristina , Lavin Michelle ,   on behalf of the Factor Think Tank
Published: May 2024

People with nonsevere hemophilia (PWNSH) are phenotypically more diverse than those with severe hemophilia. Perceptions relating to a “nonsevere” phenotype have contributed to fewer research initiatives, fewer guidelines on optimal management, and a lack of standards for surveillance and clinical assessment for affected individuals. In many cases, episodes of abnormal bleeding could, if investigated, have led to earlier diagnosis. Furthermore, the major recent developments in therapy for hemophilia have largely focused on severe disease and, as a group, PWNSH have not been included in many key clinical trials. Benefiting people with severe disease, innovative replacement therapies have generally targeted factor levels that are above those present in a large proportion of PWNSH. Therapeutic advances can lead to improvement in phenotype for people with severe hemophilia over that currently experienced by many PWNSH. As a result, we are approaching a point where PWNSH may, in many countries, have a higher risk of bleeding and restriction in lifestyle than those with severe disease but with more limited therapeutic options. Given the multiple major advances in treatment for people with hemophilia, it is timely to review the aspects of nonsevere disease, to ensure equity in care and management for all individuals with this condition.
Optimizing Venous Stenting: Consensus Recommendations for Enhanced Management of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Trujillo-Santos Javier , Demelo-Rodríguez Pablo , Bravo de Laguna-Taboada Alexis , Zubicoa-Ezpeleta Santiago , Rodríguez-Morata Alejandro , Lojo-Rocamonde Ignacio , Riera-Mestre Antoni ,   on behalf of the Working Group on for the Consensus on Venous Stenting
Published: May 2024

Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) poses a complex challenge and often leads to postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), a debilitating complication. The emergence of venous stents offers a potential preventive avenue against this complication. This study aimed to provide consensus recommendations on the use of venous stent for DVT.

Materials and Methods From June to July 2023, 20 internal medicine, angiology and vascular surgery, and vascular and interventional radiology experts were involved in the Delphi process. Thirty-one recommendations, categorized into three thematic areas, were rigorously evaluated: indications for stent use, stent selection and placement, and monitoring and prevention of complications. Agreement was evaluated using a Likert scale, with consensus defined as agreement by two-thirds of the participants.

Results Consensus was reached for 23 (74.2%) of 31 recommendations. The agreement was centered on considerations, such as stent placement in specific acute DVT scenarios, emphasizing pivotal stent characteristics. However, there were divergences in the recommended stent length to prevent migration and stent characteristics based on iliocaval bifurcation morphology. Notably, there was no consensus on whether patients with DVT caused by a major transient risk factor need more than 3 months of anticoagulation therapy or whether aspirin should be added to anticoagulant treatment after venous stenting.

Conclusions These consensus recommendations offer practical insights into optimizing venous stent use to prevent PTS in DVT patients. Addressing the critical aspects of stent selection, placement, and postprocedural care, these recommendations contribute to clinical decision-making. The identified divergences underscore the importance of consensus and thus indicate the need for further investigation.
Malformations of the Cerebral Commissures
Authors: Lena Germana , La Cognata Daria , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Chiaramonte Rita , Falsaperla Raffaele , Marino Francesco , Palmucci Stefano , Belfiore Giuseppe , Basile Antonio , Praticò Andrea D.
Published: May 2024

Malformations of the cerebral commissures are abnormalities involving the structures which connect the brain hemispheres. The main cerebral commissures are the anterior commissure, the hippocampal commissure, and the corpus callosum, which is the largest and best known of the three and connects the neocortex of the two cerebral hemispheres. Commissures of more reduced extension are the posterior commissure and the habenular commissure. They derive embryologically from the same structure, the commensurate plate. Any interference in the embryological development of the brain commissures may cause an anomaly of all the three commissures or of a single commissure, as well as any combination of anomalies of each of them.

Each of these three commissural traits may be absent, isolated, or in combination. The abnormality of the commissures, in addition, can be complete or partial, with dysplasia of the meninges, with multicystic dysplasia of the interhemispheric meninges, in the context of Aicardi syndrome or with the presence of interhemispheric lipomas.

The complete agenesis of the commissures (“classic” form) is the most common form and encompasses more than a third of the cases. In complete agenesis, by definition, both the corpus callosum and the hippocampal commissure are totally absent.

Anomalies of the commissural structures associated with dysplasia of the meninges include the agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cysts (a complex spectrum of clinical and neuroradiological conditions characterized by the associated presence of an interhemispheric cyst formed by communicating cavities) and the agenesis of commissures with interhemispheric lipomas that are usually located in the subarachnoid space.

Genes responsible for axonal migration to the commissural plate and those responsible for crossing and connections with the neurons of the contralateral hemisphere are multiple, so that malformations of the cerebral commissure/corpus callosum can be found in numerous malformative syndromes with other multiple associated abnormalities.
Identification of a Novel Intronic Mutation in VMA21 Associated with a Classical Form of X-Linked Myopathy with Autophagy
Authors: Bardhan Mainak , Polavarapu Kiran , Baskar Dipti , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Vengalil Seena , Nashi Saraswati , Ganaraja Valakunja H. , Sharma Dinesh , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Nandeesh B.N. , Nalini Atchayaram
Published: May 2024

Introduction VMA21-related myopathy is one of the rare forms of slowly progressive myopathy observed in males. Till now, there have been only a handful of reports, mainly from Europe and America, and two reports from India.

Method Here, we describe a case of genetically confirmed VMA21-associated myopathy with clinical, histopathological, and imaging features with a list of known VMA21 mutations.

Results A 29-year-old man had the onset of symptoms at 18 years of age with features of proximal lower limb weakness. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed the preferential involvement of vasti and adductor magnus. A biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris showed features of autophagic vacuolar myopathy with vacuoles containing granular eosinophilic materials. In targeted next-generation sequencing, hemizygous mutation in the 3′ splice site of intron 2 of the VMA21 gene (c.164–7 T > A) was identified and confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy.

Conclusion This report expands the phenotypic and genotypic profile of VMA21-related myopathy, with a yet unreported mutation in India.
A Prospective Study of the Efficacy of Endofascial Axillary Dissection to Reduce Axillary Seroma Formation
Authors: Augustine Paul , M. Srinidhi , Bhargavan Rexeena , Shamshudeen Shafeek , Cherian Kurien , George Preethi Sara
Published: May 2024

Introduction Seroma formation is a common complication following axillary dissection. The pathogenesis of seroma is poorly understood. Various chemical and mechanical methods have been tried to reduce seroma with varying results. In this study, we look at a novel method of axillary dissection to reduce seroma and its attendant morbidity. The objective of the study is to compare endofascial axillary lymphadenectomy with routine axillary lymphadenectomy regarding axillary drain output following breast conservation surgery.

Methods We did a prospective interventional study of endofascial axillary dissection in patients undergoing breast conservation surgery. Comparison was done with historical controls who underwent breast conservation surgery with routine axillary lymphadenectomy before the study period. All patients were operated by the same surgeon.

Results Breast conservation surgery with endofascial axillary dissection was performed in 36 patients and compared with 36 patients who underwent routine axillary dissection before the study period. The mean total axillary drain output in the endofascial and routine groups were 796.8 and 1,259.3 mL, respectively (p = 0.001). The average day of drain removal in the endofascial and routine groups were 10.8 and 14.9 days, respectively (p = 0.001). The nodal yield of the endofascial and routine groups were 15.3 and 16.4 nodes, respectively (p = 0.449). The duration of surgery of the endofascial and routine groups were 89.3 and 85.1 minutes, respectively (p = 0.366).

Conclusion Endofascial axillary dissection significantly reduced the mean total axillary drain output and resulted in early drain removal compared with routine axillary dissection. There were no significant differences in the nodal yield, operative time, seroma aspirations, and wound complications between the endofascial and routine axillary dissection groups.
The effects of organizational images on security compliance intention: focused on affection and job security in South Korea
Authors: Oh Juyeon , Myeong Seunghwan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the factors influencing Korean corporate workers to increase their intention to comply with security voluntarily. Specifically, this study investigates whether organizational attractiveness affects employees' intention to comply with security. In addition, this study will examine whether affection and job security, which represent the Korean corporate image, affect organizational attractiveness. 477 data collecting online survey was used to test the research model. Participants for our survey were derived from workers and public officials in South Korea. The results were as follows. First, the symbolic image of being affectionate influences the instrumental image of job security. Second, an instrumental image has a significantly positive effect on corporate attractiveness. Third, it was found that job security increased the attractiveness of the organization perceived by the employees and, in turn, increased the intention of the employees to comply with the organization's security. Our findings can be used to develop strategies to enhance security compliance intention within firms.
Fake News: a conceptual model for risk management
Authors: Varela da Costa João , Bogea Gomes Silvia , Mira da Silva Miguel
Published: May 2024

This article proposes a model based on a systematic literature review (SLR) that investigates the intersection of Fake News, Risk, and Risk Management. Employing Design Science Research as the primary methodology, it introduces a conceptual model to mitigate Fake News-related risks in specific communities. The model uses ArchiMate to depict a community as an organisational entity, exemplifying its practicality through a Fake News instance from the Central European Digital Media Observatory. The research undergoes rigorous evaluation using the Bunge-Wand-Weber Model, ensuring its consistency and value to the scientific community. This evaluation formalises the proposed conceptual model, offering a structured framework systematically mapping Fake News concepts to mitigate associated risks and disinformation. This study contributes to the Fake News management discourse, providing a practical risk management tool to counter the phenomenon.
Firm value adjustment speed through financial friction in the presence of earnings management and productivity growth: evidence from emerging economies
Authors: Khan Saifullah , Shoaib Adnan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the role of financial frictions on firm value within the framework of earnings management, including the impact of productivity growth. In contrast to prior studies, the present study employed an autoregressive model to examine the temporal dynamics of the variables to determine their short-term and long-term connection patterns. The results of the study indicate a negative association between financial frictions and firm value. Accrual earnings management, a practice employed by organizations to enhance their profit margins, serves as a mediator between financial frictions and firm value. This mediation of earnings management alleviates the adverse impact of financial frictions. The enhancement of productivity growth amplifies the conditional, indirect influence of earnings management. Moreover, this study reveals that financial frictions have a significant influence in the short-term, leading to overestimation of factor loadings. However, this impact stabilizes over time in the long run. Financial market frictions have the most prominent impact on firm value compared to the other two forms of frictions, namely, macroeconomic frictions and microeconomic frictions. Larger firms are more inclined to attain higher firm value than smaller enterprises. Managers can enhance firm value by exerting control over the influence of financial frictions in the economy through earnings management. The effectiveness of this strategy is contingent upon the level of productivity growth.
Delayed analogue of three-parameter pseudo-Mittag-Leffler functions and their applications to Hilfer pseudo-fractional time retarded differential equations
Authors: Asadzade Javad A. , Mahmudov Nazim I.
Published: May 2024

In this write-up, we focus on pseudo-Hilfer-type fractional order delayed differential equations with bounded definite integral initial conditions on the time interval [0, T]. We begin by establishing relevant lemmas. Then, we derive the solution to the homogeneous Hilfer-type pseudo-fractional order retarded differential equation that satisfies the appropriate initial condition using classical methods. Next, we obtain explicit formulas for solutions to linear inhomogeneous Hilfer-type pseudo-fractional time retarded differential equations with constant coefficients, employing classical ideas. Furthermore, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Hilfer-type pseudo-fractional order delayed differential equation and demonstrate the stability of the given differential equation in the Ulam-Hyers sense on the time interval [0, T].
Recess-free thin-barrier AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes with ultra-low leakage current: Experiment and simulation study
Authors: Dai Jianxun , Yu Huimin , Huang Huolin , Ye Taisen , Lei Yun , Sun Nan , Li Dawei , Zheng Hao , Huang Hui , Liang Yung C.
Published: May 2024

In GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBD), there is a trade-off between the turn-on voltage and the leakage current. In this study, recess-free 4 nm-thin-barrier AlGaN/GaN SBDs with minimal leakage current as well as excellent turn-on voltage homogeneity are developed, which enable better electrical control to pinch off the 2DEG channel under the anode region and avoids trap introduced in the barrier etching process. In detail, the effect of reverse stress on the SBD performance is initially explored by using differential conductance, and then, the anode-to-cathode distances and temperatures dependence of SBDs output characteristics are systematically studied. The fabricated thin-barrier GaN SBDs show a turn-on voltage of ∼0.75 V and a low level leakage current of 9.66 × 10−10 (1.91 × 10−8) A/mm at 300 (423) K, which is among the lowest reported values at the comparable reverse bias voltage and temperature. Moreover, structure parameters of the thin-barrier AlGaN/GaN SBD are systematically modeled and optimized by the TCAD simulations, including anode metal work function, Al mole fraction, the anode-to-cathode distance, and slanted anode angle. The introduction of slanted anode is found to have significant effect on the improvement of reverse breakdown voltage and leakage current characteristics.
Plasma electron spectroscopy in short glow discharge for registration of vapors and decomposition products of crystalline salts
Authors: Zhou Chen , Saifutdinov Almaz I. , Yao Jingfeng , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A. , Yuan Chengxun , Wang Ying , Nie Qiuyue , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: May 2024

The possibility of using plasma electron spectroscopy (PLES) as a practical method for the detection and identification of crystalline impurities of salts: silver salts, as well as ammonium salts, used in explosives and dangerous substances is shown. To create a prototype of the PLES detector, relatively simple technical solutions are adopted. The source of excitation of metastable atoms is a short DC glow discharge. For analysis, probe scheme for registering electric current from an auxiliary additional electrode probe is used when scanning the retarding electric potential. As a result of a series of experiments, the possibility of detecting products, cathode sputtering, and decomposition of ammonium and silver salts was shown. In particular, peaks from ammonia, nitrogen oxide, silver, and chlorine were recorded.
Effects of convex surface roughness on heterogeneous ice nucleation
Authors: Wang Yixiang , Mo Jingwen , Luo Shuang , Zhang Yu , Huang Baoling , Li Zhigang
Published: May 2024

In this work, we investigate the effects of convex surface roughness on heterogeneous ice nucleation through molecular dynamics simulations. Graphene surfaces with sawtooth structures are considered, and the ice nucleation rates are calculated by varying the vertex angle of the sawtooth structures. It is found that the ice nucleation rate is always suppressed by surface roughness regardless of the vertex angle. As the vertex angle is varied, the space between two adjacent ridges of the sawtooth roughness may or may not match the basic structure of ice, which leads to the variation in the free energy barrier for ice nucleation and, consequently, causes the ice nucleation rate to change by two orders of magnitude.
From wreckage to resource: Advanced 3D printing materials from construction waste for energy infrastructure
Authors: Lai Zhiqiang , Chen Yuancai
Published: May 2024

This study redefines resource efficiency in the renewable energy sector by repurposing construction waste into high-performance thixotropic soils for additive manufacturing. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that these engineered soils achieve compressive strengths up to 30 MPa—indicating a 50% increase over traditional substrates—and flexural strengths reaching 5 MPa. Rigorous life cycle assessments quantify a reduction in carbon emissions by 20% and a resource efficiency enhancement to 85%, surpassing conventional materials which average 500 kg CO2 eq/ton in carbon footprint and 60% in resource efficiency. Fine-tuned 3D printing parameters deliver unparalleled precision, achieving layer accuracy to ±0.1 mm and reducing material wastage by 30%, while accelerating construction timelines by 40%. Additionally, the materials exhibit thermal stability with only a 0.1% variation under elevated temperatures and a durability that sustains less than 0.5 MPa degradation over a 10-month period. These quantitatively robust results support the thixotropic soils' adoption, not just as a sustainable choice but as a superior alternative to conventional building materials, setting a new paradigm in the construction of environmentally resilient and economically viable renewable energy infrastructures.
Electrohydrodynamic flows inside a neutrally buoyant leaky dielectric drop
Authors: Karp Joel R. , Lecordier Bertrand , Shadloo Mostafa S.
Published: May 2024

We present an experimental investigation of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows within a neutrally buoyant drop with a radius of 2.25 mm. Utilizing particle image velocimetry and high-speed shadowgraphy, we measure the internal circulation and reported velocity profiles in the bulk and at the interface of the drop. Two leaky dielectric liquids, silicone and castor oils, are employed as the drop and as the external phase, allowing the analysis of two shape configurations: oblate and prolate. The strength of the applied uniform electric field (from 0.125 to 1.75 kV/cm) enables the analysis covering both the small-deformation limit (CaE≪1) and drops with larger deformations. Our measurements show good agreement with the leaky dielectric model (LDM) for the small-deformation cases. The flows begin at the interface as a result of jump in the electric stresses, leading then to four counter-rotating vortices inside the drop. At a permanent regime, the analytical solutions adequately predict the radial and tangential velocity components within the drop. However, a nuanced behavior is noticed for larger deformations, where the LDM theory underpredicts the internal circulation. Moreover, due to the increased deformation, a non-uniform azimuthal profile is observed for the velocity at the interface, vθ. Transient measurements of this velocity component enlighten the dynamic response of the EHD flows of the drop. Following the available analytical solutions, the dynamic response is governed by the timescale of the deformation of the drop, τdef=μa/γ. We propose a critical value of CaE≈0.1 below which the LDM adequately describes the velocity field in both quasi steady-state and transitory regimes.
Development and calibration of a multi-delay coherence imaging diagnostic on the MAST-U tokamak
Authors: Doyle R. S. , Lonigro N. , Allcock J. S. , Silburn S. A. , Turner M. M. , Feng X. , Leggate H.
Published: May 2024

The MAST-U Super-X divertor provides the opportunity to study fusion plasma exhaust under novel conditions. However, in order to study these conditions, advanced diagnostics are required. Following the development of the MAST-U Multi-Wavelength Imaging (MWI) diagnostic, we present the installation of a multi-delay coherence imaging spectroscopy (CIS) system within the MAST-U MWI, along with modifications made to the MWI for effective operation. This diagnostic will measure either carbon ion flow velocities and temperatures or electron densities through Dγ emission. We have extended previously developed techniques for wavelength calibration to account for errors due to the misalignment of interferometer components. In addition, we have developed a comprehensive calibration procedure to account for the temperature dependence of the instrument’s delays by fitting to a linearly modified version of the delay equation presented by Veiras et al. [Appl. Opt. 49(15), 2769 (2010)]. Together, these procedures reduce the cost and hardware complexity of implementing CIS instruments when compared to those that use in situ or tunable laser calibration systems, as calibrations can be generated to good accuracy using previously measured data.
An analog circuit fault diagnosis method using improved sparrow search algorithm and support vector machine
Authors: Wang Guohua , Tu Yiwei , Nie Jing
Published: May 2024

In analog circuits, component tolerances and circuit nonlinearity pose obstacles to fault diagnosis. To solve this problem, a soft fault diagnosis method based on Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used. In this study, ISSA is obtained by optimization using four strategies for SSA deficiency. Twenty-three benchmark functions are used for optimization experiments, and ISSA converges faster, more accurately, and with better robustness than other swarm intelligence algorithms. Finally, ISSA is used to optimize the SVM parameters and establish the ISSA-SVM fault diagnosis model. In the Sallen-key test circuit diagnosis experiments, the correct fault diagnosis rates of SSA-SVM and ISSA-SVM are 97.41% and 98.15%, respectively. The results show that the optimized ISSA-SVM model has a good analog circuit fault diagnosis with an increase in diagnostic accuracy.
Dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric matrices of [001]-textured Mn-PMN-PZT ceramics
Authors: Tang Mingyang , Liu Xin , Wang Yike , Ren Xiaodan , Yang Zheng , Xu Zhuo , Geng Liwei D. , Yan Yongke
Published: May 2024

[001]-textured 0.4P(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbZrO3-0.35PbTiO3-0.5%MnO2 (Mn-PMN-PZT) ceramics were fabricated by templated grain growth using 2 vol. % BaTiO3 in this paper. Full matrices of dielectric (ɛij), elastic (sij, cij), and piezoelectric (dij) parameters were obtained by the resonance–antiresonance method. The dielectric constant ɛ33T of textured ceramics reaches 2600, which is four times that of random ceramics. Textured Mn-PMN-PZT ceramics exhibit high d33 = 984 pC/N and high k33 = 0.89, which is much larger than d33 = 223 pC/N and k33 = 0.70 of random ceramics. However, ɛ11T of ceramics decreases by about 30% after texturing, and the corresponding shear coupling coefficient k15 also decreases from 0.66 to 0.44, which may be due to the reduction in the angle between spontaneous polarization and transverse direction. Furthermore, the temperature stability of the textured ceramics was evaluated as well. The phase transition temperature TR−T was determined by the impedance method to be 120 °C. The textured Mn-PMN-PZT ceramic shows high temperature stability, which is better than PMN-PT.
How membership of a farmer organization can support farmers in adapting to climate change in the Pacific Island region
Authors: Taylor Mary , Stice Kyle
Published: May 2024

Climate projections for the Pacific Island region serve to emphasize the climate unpredictability, variability and intensity that farmers will have to adapt to in the future. The impact that climate change is having on agriculture in the Pacific is evident from the data around agriculture loss and damage from extreme weather events such as flooding and cyclones. It is clear that food systems will have to be resilient and farmers will have to adapt, if food security in the region is not to be seriously threatened. The factors considered as essential for building adaptive capacity are: (a) social capital; (b) ability of communities to engage effectively with external agents; (c) access to knowledge including how knowledge is generated, shared and exchanged; (d) merging of local and external knowledge; (e) space for farmers to interact, communicate, experiment and learn from each other; (f) trust in the adaptation measure(s)being promoted; (g) effective capacity building; (h) decentralized research; and (i) supportive policy. This article explores these factors and proposes that membership of a farmer organization (FO) provides an enabling platform for the effective and efficient delivery of these conditions, thereby providing farmers with the tools essential for adaptation to a changing climate. Examples illustrating how farmers around the Pacific Island region are working together to put in place measures that will strengthen the resilience of their farming systems are provided from national and regional farmer organizations in the region.
Interatomic Interaction Models for Magnetic Materials: Recent Advances
Authors: Kostiuchenko Tatiana S. , Shapeev Alexander V. , Novikov Ivan S.
Published: May 2024

Atomistic modeling is a widely employed theoretical method of computational materials science. It has found particular utility in the study of magnetic materials. Initially, magnetic empirical interatomic potentials or spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) served as the primary models for describing interatomic interactions in atomistic simulations of magnetic systems. Furthermore, in recent years, a new class of interatomic potentials known as magnetic machine-learning interatomic potentials (magnetic MLIPs) has emerged. These MLIPs combine the computational efficiency, in terms of CPU time, of empirical potentials with the accuracy of DFT calculations. In this review, our focus lies on providing a comprehensive summary of the interatomic interaction models developed specifically for investigating magnetic materials. We also delve into the various problem classes to which these models can be applied. Finally, we offer insights into the future prospects of interatomic interaction model development for the exploration of magnetic materials.
Inversion of the attenuated momenta ray transform of planar symmetric tensors
Authors: Fujiwara Hiroshi , Omogbhe David , Sadiq Kamran , Tamasan Alexandru
Published: May 2024

We present a reconstruction method that stably recovers the real valued, symmetric tensors compactly supported in the Euclidean plane, from knowledge of their attenuated momenta ray transform. The problem is recast as an inverse boundary value problem for a system of transport equations, which we solve by an extension of Bukhgeim’s A-analytic theory. The method of proof is constructive. To illustrate the reconstruction method, we present results obtained in the numerical implementation for the non-attenuated case of one-tensors.
The effects of 3D printing designs on PLA polymer flexural and fatigue strength
Authors: Son Minh Pham , Nguyen Van-Thuc , Uyen Tran Minh The , Do Thanh Trung , Duong Thi Van Anh , Nguyen Le Dang Hai
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the comprehensive assessment of flexural and fatigue strength of the three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples across diverse printing designs and parameters. The experiment framework included a diverse array of printing parameters: layer heights, first layer thicknesses, infill densities, top/bottom infill patterns, extruder temperatures, perimeters, and types of solid layer top and bottom. Our findings suggest that there is an interplay between these parameters and the mechanical properties of PLA specimens. Notably, the fatigue strength of PLA printing specimens is more significantly influenced (0.44%) by an increase in the thickness of the first layer compared to flexural strength (87%). The rate of increase in bending strength is lower in cases of layer height (3.55%) and initial layer height (0.44%) in contrast with other factors. Specimens with an initial layer thickness of 0.4 mm reached the highest number of cycles until failure, recording 21 022 cycles. Furthermore, the study identifies the infill pattern’s impact on strength, highlighting that the line infill pattern type case has the highest bending strength of 75.97 MPa and surpasses the honeycomb pattern in bending strength. Compared to the Honeycomb pattern, the rectilinear design has 2.1% higher bending strength. The number of cycles to failure of the rectilinear pattern is greater than those of the honeycomb pattern. In comparison to other patterns, the Rectilinear Top/Bottom infill pattern has a higher interest rate of 27.5% for bending strength and 200.83% for fatigue strength. Additionally, greater bending and flexural strength are obtained by raising the solid layer top, bottom, and perimeter values, respectively. In comparison to the other temperatures, the bending strength and fatigue strength are highest at 200 °C. Therefore, the first layer height of 0.4 mm, the top/bottom rectilinear infill pattern, the extruder temperature of 200 °C, the perimeter value of 3, the solid layer/top value of 3, and the solid layer/bottom value of 3 are the optimal values for the part subjected to at the same time bending strength combined with fatigue strength. This comprehensive study may provide a broader and deeper understanding of individual and combined effects on an overview of the bending and fatigue strength in connection to printing design and printing parameters, as well as the ideal optimal parameters for 3D printing with the PLA material. Manufacturers and designers can use the recommended parameters to optimize the strength of their printed parts, considering both bending and fatigue performance.
The SF and remanence evaluation of magnetic shields based on SST for low-frequency and degaussing situation
Authors: Shi Minxia , Zhang Xu , Yang Jianzhi , Ma Yuzheng , Zhang Leran , Tian Kangqi , Yuan Shuai
Published: May 2024

As the dominant shielding functional material, the permalloy sheet primarily determines the static and low-frequency shielding performances of magnetically shielded room (MSR). However, the lack of measurement of shielding sheets for practical use would lead to a non-negligible evaluation error in MSR performance. Therefore, an estimation technique of shielding factor (SF) and the remanence of MSR is proposed in this paper while considering the nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the permalloy sheet tested by a single sheet tester for low-frequency field and degaussing situation (L-D-SST). First, a high-accuracy measurement system, comprising L-D-SST (for exciting magnetic field and sensing the corresponding B and H) and the control system (for applying excitation to L-D-SST and amplifying, filtering, and collecting B and H signals), is established. Weak magnetic fields at low frequencies and decaying alternating demagnetizing field excitations are separately applied to the L-D-SST for basic magnetization curves (BM curves) and an anhysteretic magnetization curve (AM curve) tests. Furthermore, the BM and AM curves are respectively integrated with the FEM algorithm for accurate and reliable estimations of the SF and remanence of MSR in an operational state. In addition, the tested magnetic properties are applied for the optimization of MSR shielding quality.
Strain-induced domain wall motion in ferrimagnetic nanowire
Authors: Liu T T , Liu Y , Liu Y L , Tian G , Qin M H
Published: May 2024

Controllable magnetic domain walls in ferrimagnets offer great promise as information carriers for future spintronic devices. It is crucial to find low-power-consuming and efficient methods of controlling domain walls. In this work, we propose to use the strain to drive the wall motion in ferrimagnets, and we theoretically reveal the important role of the net angular momentum. When the strain is applied, an anisotropy gradient is induced and effectively drives the wall motion. For a nonzero net angular momentum, the precession torques acting on the two sublattices cannot cancel out each other, which induces a rotation of the wall plane and speed down the wall propagation. Furthermore, the wall dynamics depends on several internal and external parameters, which allows one to manipulate the wall motion through tuning these parameters. Our work provides clear insight into the strain-induced domain wall motion in ferrimagnets, which is meaningful for future spintronic experiments and applications.
Resonant exchange of chiral Majorana Fermions modulated by two parallel quantum dots
Authors: Wu Hai-Bin , Liu Yan-Jun , Liu Ying-Di , Liu Jian-Jun
Published: May 2024

Resonant exchange of the chiral Majorana fermions (MFs) that is coupled to two parallel Majorana zero modes (MZMs) or two parallel quantum dots (QDs) is investigated. We find that, in the two QDs coupling case, the resonant exchange for the chiral MFs is analogous to that in the MZM coupling case. We further propose a circuit based on topological superconductor, which is formed by the proximity coupling of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator and a s-wave superconductor, to observe the resonant exchange of chiral MFs pairs. The numerical calculations show that the resonant transmission of the chiral MFs can be adjusted by varying the coupling parameters at superconductor phase difference

Δ
φ
=
π

. It is particularly noteworthy that, by only modulating the coupling strength between the two QDs, the resonant exchange may be switched on or off. By adding another MZM, the non-Abelian braiding like operation can be realized. Therefore, our design scheme may provide another way for non-Abelian braiding operation of MFs and the findings may have potential application value in the realization of topological quantum computers.
The dynamical bulk boundary correspondence and dynamical quantum phase transitions in the Benalcazar–Bernevig–Hughes model
Authors: Masłowski Tomasz , Sedlmayr Nicholas
Published: May 2024

In this article we demonstrate that dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) occur for an exemplary higher order topological insulator, the Benalcazar–Bernevig–Hughes model, following quenches across a topological phase boundary. A dynamical bulk boundary correspondence is also seen both in the eigenvalues of the Loschmidt overlap matrix and the boundary return rate. The latter is found from a finite size scaling analysis for which the relative simplicity of the model is crucial. Contrary to the usual two dimensional case the DQPTs in this model show up as cusps in the return rate, as for a one dimensional model, rather than as cusps in its derivative as would be typical for a two dimensional model. We explain the origin of this behaviour.
Statistics of Gaussian polymer chains in harmonic applied fields
Authors: Mikhail John P , Rutledge Gregory C
Published: May 2024

The model of an ideal polymer chain in a harmonic applied field has broad applicability in situations involving polymer confinement and deformation due to applied stress. In this work we (1) formulate a general analytical model for a continuous Gaussian chain under a harmonic applied potential and (2) evaluate the statistical mechanics of this model given the potential, obtaining partition functions and moment generating functions (MGFs) that describe the chain configurations. Closed-form expressions for the squared radius of gyration, potential energy, partition function, and MGF for the center of mass are obtained for a general and multidimensional harmonic field. The expressions are compared with results of Monte Carlo simulations of a discrete Gaussian chain as well as results for related systems obtained from the literature. The theory derived here is used to test the applicability of the current model assumptions to relations from the literature describing polymer confinement and deformation in experiment, theory, and simulations.
Approach to hyperuniformity of steady states of facilitated exclusion processes
Authors: Goldstein S , Lebowitz J L , Speer E R
Published: May 2024

We consider the fluctuations in the number of particles in a box of size Ld
in

Z

d

,

d
⩾
1

, in the (infinite volume) translation invariant stationary states of the facilitated exclusion process, also called the conserved lattice gas model. When started in a Bernoulli (product) measure at density ρ, these systems approach, as

t
→
∞

, a ‘frozen’ state for

ρ
⩽

ρ
c

, with

ρ
c

=
1

/

2

for d = 1 and

ρ
c

<
1

/

2

for

d
⩾
2

. At

ρ
=

ρ
c

the limiting state is, as observed by Hexner and Levine, hyperuniform, that is, the variance of the number of particles in the box grows slower than Ld
. We give a general description of how the variances at different scales of L behave as

ρ
↗

ρ
c

. On the largest scale,

L
≫

L
2

, the fluctuations are normal (in fact the same as in the original product measure), while in a region

L
1

≪
L
≪

L
2

, with both L
1 and L
2 going to infinity as

ρ
↗

ρ
c

, the variance grows faster than normal. For

1
≪
L
≪

L
1

the variance is the same as in the hyperuniform system. (All results discussed are rigorous for d = 1 and based on simulations for

d
⩾
2

.)