bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Organizations Entitled to Award Academic Degrees
Authors: Pakhomov Sergey I. , Matskevich Igor M. , Gurtov Valery A. , Melekh Natalia V. , Zaugolnikova Ekaterina I.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. As part of the Bologna process since September 1, 2016, the Russian government has granted the right to award academic degrees to leading educational and scientific organizations on par with Dissertation Defense Councils under Higher Attestation Commission, modeled after the system adopted at OECD member-states and universities. Currently, 27 educational and scientific organizations are exercising this right. However, the problematic issue is the assessment of their efficiency. The purpose of this research is to analyze the efficiency of Dissertation Councils of the above-mentioned scientific and educational organizations by comparing them in terms of efficiency with classical Dissertation Defense Councils established by the decree of the Ministry of Education and Scie nce of Russia.
Materials and Methods. The research objects are Dissertation Councils of scientific and educational organizations of higher education (hereinafter referred to as pilot organizations) that have the right of independent award of academic degrees according to the Federal Law No. 148 issued on May 23, 2016 “On Amendments to Article 4 of the Federal Law ‘On research and state scientific and technological policy’”. Dissertation Councils efficiency analysis is made using following indicators: Dissertation Councils members’ compliance with the Higher Attestation Commission requirements, structure of candidate and doctoral defenses, Dissertation Councils members’ publications and publication activity of degree seekers. Statistical data analysis methods were applied including mean comparison me thods, clustering, factor analysis.
Results. There are 337 pilot Dissertation Defense Councils and 374 classical Dissertation Defense Councils. In 2016, 24% of defenses were reviewed by pilot councils of the total number of defenses in classical Dissertation Councils of the entire network. In 2018 70 doctoral and 591 candidate defenses in “pilot” councils were held, amounting to 7% of the total number of defe nses in classical Dissertation Councils.
Discussion and Conclusion. The article will be useful to the heads of federal authorities making management decisions in the field of training and certification of highly qualified scientific personnel, to the chairmen and scientific secretaries of dissertation councils, as well as to scientific and pedagogical workers carrying out analytical studies in this subject area.
Energy Efficiency of Pretreatment of Digester Synthetic Substrate in a Vortex Layer Apparatus
Authors: Kovalev Andrey A. , Kovalev Dmitriy A. , Grigoriev Victor S.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Processing organic waste to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the environment remains an urgent task, one of the ways to solve which is the use of methods for bioconversion of organic matter of organic waste to produce gaseous energy carrier and high-quality organic fertilizers. One of the most important stages of anaerobic processing of organic waste in bioreactors is the stage of preliminary preparation of waste for fermentation, which can be carried out by a number of methods. However, the technical literature does not pay enough attention to the use of devices with a vortex layer for the preliminary processing of substrates. The aim of the work is to determine the energy efficiency of the organic waste pretreatment process in the vortex layer apparatus before anaerobic digestion.
Materials and Methods. An experimental installation was developed to study the process of organic waste pretreatment. A mixture of organic fraction of municipal solid waste and tap water in the ratio of 300 g/l served as a substrate for treatment in the vortex layer apparatus.
Results. The calculations confirmed that the condition for energy efficiency of processing substrate pretreatment of methane is met, despite the additional cost of electrical energy during the integration of this stage in the system of anaerobic processing.
Discussion and Conclusion. Integration of the process of organic waste pretreatment in the vortex layer apparatus before fermentation in anaerobic bioreactors into the system of anaerobic treatment of organic waste can improve both the energy efficiency of the system and the level of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter of waste. The specific amount of biogas energy produced in the digestion process in an anaerobic bioreactor with pretreatment of the substrate in the apparatus of the vortex layer fully compensates the energy cost of pre-treatment of the substrate in the vortex layer apparatus. The practical significance of the work is confirmed by an increase in the specific yield of commercial energy by 70% compared to anaerobic treatment in traditional methane tanks.
Modeling the Flow of Multicomponent Reactive Gas on Unstructured Grids
Authors: Zhalnin Ruslan V. , Masyagin Victor F. , Peskova Elizaveta E. , Tishkin Vladimir F.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The article deals with mathematical modeling of the subsonic flow of a multicomponent reactive mixture in a flowing chemical reactor. The numerical algorithm is based on the finite volume method; the calculation is performed on unstructured triangular grids using the Message Passing Interface parallel computing technology.
Materials and Methods. To describe the flows under studying, the Navier–Stokes equations are used in the approximation for low Mach numbers. To solve these equations, the finite volume method on unstructured triangular grids is used. The study uses a splitting scheme for physical processes, namely, the chemical kinetics equations responsible for the transformations of substances are first solved, and then the equations describing the conservation laws of momentum and energy for each component of the gas mixture are solved. To find numerical flows through the edges of the grid elements, the Lax–Friedrichs–Rusanov scheme is used. To solve the equations of chemical kinetics, a compact algorithm proposed by the team led by N.N. Kalitkin is used. The METIS library is used to divide the grid into connected subdomains with an approximately equal number of cells. To organize parallel computing, Message Passing Interface technology is used.
Results. The article presents a numerical algorithm for studying multicomponent gas flows on unstructured triangular grids taking into account viscosity, diffusion, thermal conductivity, and chemical reactions. As a result of the study, a numerical simulation of the flow of a subsonic multicomponent gas in a flowing chemical reactor was carried out using ethane pyrolysis as an example. Computational, known numerical solutions and experimental data of ethane pyrolysis in a flowing reactor are compared.
Discussion and Conclusion. The numerical results on the conversion of the initial gas mixture are in good agreement with the known experimental data. The presented distribution patterns of the main components of the mixture and gas-dynamic parameters correspond to the flow pattern observed experimentally. Further work in this direction involves the modeling of subsonic gas flows on unstructured tetrahedral meshes using algorithms of higher accuracy for a more accurate study of ongoing processes.
Advanced technologies for treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: differentiated approach
Authors: Gallyamov E. A. , Agapov M. A. , Lutsevich O. E. , Kakotkin V. V.
Published: March 2020

This work is based on analysis of publications devoted to the problem of surgical approach to treatment of acute pancreatitis over the last 30 years. The main aim of this review is to identify the key steps of evolution of surgical approach to treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis and also to determine the most promising approach among existing methods. The analysis of the most modern clinical recommendations adopted in different countries of the world, as well as the search for such problems, the solution of which will be the main task of world medical science in the near future, is carried out. It has been established that medical communities of different countries give preference to minimally invasive methods of debridement: percutaneous and transluminal endoscopic drainage. According to the most advanced recommendations, the method of choice for surgical treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis is transluminal endoscopic drainage, with inefficiency – percutaneous puncture drainage. The main idea that defines the search vector for treatment methods for the disease is the recognition of the fact that all surgical approaches are aimed at achieving one goal – removing the maximum possible volume of necrotic masses with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Only a method that satisfies both requirements can be recognized as leading.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Sediments of Murgul Copper Mine and Its Surroundings
Authors: SAĞLAM Bülent , BİLGİN Ayla , AYBAR Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: This study focuses on the changes of heavy metal pollution in soil and sediment. Study area: The study area covers Murgul district of Artvin located over the Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey. Material and methods: Sampling areas were determined at distances in the direction of surface flow along the stream route where waste water was discharged by assuming the Copper Plant as the central point. A total of 54 soil and 10 sediment samples were taken from sampling points. Main results: The results of analysis of soil and sediment samples indicated that the mean values of Copper, Lead and Zinc were remarkably higher than the threshold values and the soil pH decreased as it moved away from the center point. The contaminated sediments, deposited over the years in the river bank sediments may act as secondary source of pollution to the covering water column in the river. Research highlights: Heavy metals from the soil during the rehabilitation activities to be applied in the mining sites, it is suggested to investigate the phytoremediation techniques, which are very successful and effective methods both economically and ecologically, and to use appropriate plant species in the rehabilitation areas.
Boron, Fluoride and Copper Distribution in Treated Sugi Sapwood and Heartwood: Interactions Between the Elements
Authors: KARTAL Saip Nami , TERZİ Evren , YOSHIMURA Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: This study evaluated the distribution of boron (B), fluoride (F) and copper (Cu) elements in sugi wood by single and double treatments and the effect of each element on the elemental distribution in double treatments. Material and methods: The holes in sugi sap- and heartwood specimens were filled with 6 ml of either DOT, NaF or CuSO4 solutions (2 and 5%) in single treatments. Some specimens were similarly treated with DOT + NaF, DOT + CuSO4 and NaF + CuSO4 solutions as double treatments. After conditioning periods of 7, 30, 60 and 90 days, the specimens were cut to three equal assay zones and element distribution was determined in these assay zones. Main results: Incorporation of the elements in double treatments generally had no adverse effects on element distribution and in most cases they helped each other to obtain higher element levels in the assay zones. However, in double treatments, presence of Cu negatively affected F content. Research highlights: Except for the adverse effects of Cu on F element diffusion, there was no negative effect of B, F and Cu elements on each other in the treatments. In most cases, incorporation of the elements improved the diffusion of each one.
The Evolution of The Forest Cover with The Effect of Anthropic Pressure (The Case Study of Sehoul Cork-Oak Forest in Morocco, North Atlantic)
Authors: ALAOUI Assmaa , LAARIBYA Said , AYAN Sezgin
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: The objectives of this study consist in an examination of the evolution of cork-oak forest in Sehoul forest, Morocco, over two decades and to analyze the impact of the anthropic pressure. Area of study: The research has been carried on Sehoul forest, located in northwestern Morocco. It is linked to the largest plain cork-oak forest in the world. Material and methods: This work carried via mapping of forest area, socio-economic surveys and participatory workshops, to assess the state of degradation of forest areas and their evolution, and to search for the causes of these with a relationship with human activities. Main results: Sehoul cork-oak forest is among the forest ecosystems that play a fundamental economic, social and environmental role. However, the current state of its stands is disturbing. The progressive degradation is the result of a combination of climatic and anthropogenic factors that continue to intensify. The degradation of the forest can be expressed by its replacement by introduced species and the reduction of its coverage rate, and the absence of its natural regeneration. Highlights: The cork-oak forest in Sehoul, firewood-borne forest regression is twice as high as forest production and overgrazing rate is around 80%.
TARİHİN RESMİ İDEOLOJİ TARAFINDAN TAHRİFATINA BİR ÖRNEK: YUNANİSTAN
Authors: ÖZSÜER Esra
Published: March 2020

Devlet, ulusun bireyleri üzerinde meşruiyetini sağlamlaştırmak için ideoloji ve eğitimi birer araç olarak kullanır. İdeoloji, devletin total bir bütünde sistemini kurması, statükoyu koruması, belirlediği ilkeleri, davranış kalıplarını, siyasal sembolleri ve değer yargılarını topluma kabul ettirmesi açısından oldukça önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Eğitim kurumları da devletin ideolojik ilkelerini toplumun her kesimine ulaştırmada ve yaymada fonksiyonel bir görev üstlenmektedir. Eğitimin tüm aşamasında siyasi erk tarafından belirlenen bu ilkeler toplumun kolektif belleğine doğrudan yerleştirilir. Bu noktada okullar, bilgi aktarımının sağlandığı kurumlar olmanın yanı sıra insan programlama merkezleri olarak da düşünülmektedir. Okullarda okutulan ders kitapları devletin mevcut ideolojisini ulus bireylerine ufak yaşlardan itibaren aktarır ve onları vatanına bağlı uyumlu birer birey haline dönüştürür. Siyasal iktidarın bizzat kontrolü ve gözetiminde oluşturulan ders kitapları, devletin meşruiyetini veya mevcut siyasi yapının güvenliğini sarsabilecek bilgiler içerdiği durumda direkt müdahaleye uğrayabilir. Böylesi bir yaklaşım eğitimin siyasetten bağımsız olmadığı sonucunu düşündürtmektedir. Bu makalede de siyasi iktidar ve eğitim ilişkisi, Yunanistan’da yasaklanmış tarih kitaplarının analizi ile örneklenmeye çalışılmıştır. Devlet yönetimini elinde bulunduran egemen sınıfın Yunan eğitim sistemi üzerindeki ideolojik etkileri, dönemin siyasi ve toplumsal şartları göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Amaç, Yunan tarihyazımında din ve milliyetçilik kodlarının ne şekilde kullanıldığını irdelemektir. Makalede, 1918-2007 yılları arasında, Yunanistan’da devletin resmi ideolojisine ters düşen okul kitaplarına Yunan devlet kademelerince nasıl müdahale edildiği incelenmiştir. Yunanistan’da siyasal iktidarların değişmesiyle Yunan okullarında okutulan üç tarih kitabının neden toplatıldığı ve yasaklandığı konusu, dönemin politik konjonktürü göz önünde bulundurularak kronolojik sırayla ele alınmıştır.
TANZİMAT DÖNEMİ EĞİTİM ISLAHATININ AYNASI: MAARİF-İ UMUMİYE NİZAMNAMESİNE DAİR MAZBATA (ESBAB-I MÛCİBE LAYİHASI)
Authors: ÇİYDEM Erol
Published: March 2020

Tanzimat
Dönemi (1839-1876), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu eğitim sisteminde ıslahatın en yoğun yaşandığı
süreç olarak dikkat çekmektedir. 1845 yılından itibaren eğitim ıslahatına hız
verilmiş, bu hızla birlikte eğitimin her basamağında devam eden ıslahat
birtakım yeni problemleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Eğitim ıslahatında
eksiklikler ve ihmaller, süreç içerisinde belli başlı uygulama ve düzeltmelerle
telafi edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda 1845 yılından itibaren
hız kazanan eğitim ıslahatı sürecindeki büyük bir eksiklik olan hukuki altyapı
ve çerçeve ise Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi ile oluşturulmak istenmiştir.
Nizamname hazırlanırken yapılan müzakerelerde nizamnamenin gerekliliği ve
nizamnamede yer alan hususlar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Nizamnamenin
hazırlık süreci ve nizamnamenin yayımlanması konusundaki belgeler, dönemin eğitim
ıslahatını birinci elden okuma fırsatı sunmaktadır. Bugüne kadar nizamname
hakkında yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda çoğunlukla ikincil kaynakların
kullanılmış olması önemli bir eksikliktir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı
nizamnamenin mazbatasını (esbab-ı mucibe layihası) arşiv kaynaklarına dayalı
olarak ortaya koymak ve bu mazbata üzerinden Tanzimat Dönemi eğitim ıslahatının
analizini yapmaktır. Aynı zamanda Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesinin ilan edildiği
tarih konusu hakkında da yeniden bir değerlendirmede de bulunulmuştur. Tarihi
araştırma metodu kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak
doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır.
UKRAYNA ORTAOKUL ve LİSE TARİH DERS KİTAPLARINDA TÜRKLER
Authors: ARABACI Hacı Murat
Published: March 2020

Ukrayna
okullarında tarih dersi 5-11. sınıflar arasında verilmektedir. Bu dersler
Ukrayna tarihi ve dünya tarihi şeklinde iki ayrı ders olarak okutulmaktadır. Bu
makalede ders kitaplarında Türkler hakkında bilgiler ve öğrenciler üzerine
oluşması muhtemel Türk imajı ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada tüm sınıflara ait
her iki tarih dersinin hali hazırda güncel olan kitapları incelenmiş olup,
kitapların bir kısmı bizzat ilgili ülkeden temin edilmiş, bir kısmına ise
eğitim bakanlığının resmi internet sitesinden ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler
betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiş, örneklemler doğrudan sunulmuştur. Müfredat
aynı olmasına rağmen, yazarlar arasında zaman zaman farklı yaklaşımların olduğu
tespit edildiğinden, aynı sınıfın farklı yazarlara ait mevcut ders kitaplarına
ulaşılmıştır.

Kitaplarda Türklerle ilgili hem yazılı hem de resim harita şeklinde bir
hayli görsel bilgi mevcuttur. Bu görsellerin de büyük bir kısmının (esir alınan
küçük çocuk, eli kanlı Osmanlı padişahı gibi) olumsuz bir imaj oluşturmaya
yönelik olarak seçilmiş olduğu görülmektedir. Osmanlı tarihinin daha ayrıntılı
anlatıldığı ders kitaplarında bazı konuların nispeten tarafsız bir yaklaşımla
yazıldığı görülmekle birlikte genel itibarıyla Türk tarihi ile ilgili olumsuz
ve ön yargılı olarak baktıklarını söylemek mümkündür.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİ ‘İLKÇAĞ UYGARLIKLARI’ KONULARININ ÖĞRETİMİNDE HİKÂYE DESTEKLİ ÖĞRETİM YÖNTEMİNİN ETKİLİLİĞİ
Authors: SEÇGİN Fadime , DOĞAN Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı sosyal
bilgiler dersi 5. sınıf ‘ilkçağ uygarlıkları’ konularının öğretiminde hikâye
destekli öğretimin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına ve farkındalık
düzeylerine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nicel araştırma
modellerinden deneysel desende gerçekleştirilmiş; hikâye destekli öğretimin
uygulandığı deney grubu ile hikâye destekli öğretimin uygulanmadığı kontrol
grubunun başarıları arasındaki farkı ortaya koymak amacıyla “öntest-sontest
deney-kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçları desteklemek için ise nitel araştırma modellerinden olgubilimden
yararlanılmış ve öğrenci görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu Malatya Battalgazi ilçesindeki bir okulda yer alan 5/B ve 5/C
sınıflarında her birinde 33’er öğrencinin yer aldığı 66 öğrenci
oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak nicel verilerin toplanmasında
araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ilkçağ uygarlıklarına ait başarı testi
ve nitel verilerin toplanması sürecinde de her bir uygarlığa ait çalışma
yapraklarından ve öğrenci mülakatlarından yararlanılmıştır. Uygulama
sürecinde 5. Sınıf öğretim programında yer alan “Kültür ve Miras” ünitesi
konularından olan “İlkçağ Uygarlıkları”yla ilgili sekiz adet hikâye
tasarlanmıştır. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre hikâye destekli öğretim
yönteminin uygulandığı deney grubu başarı ortalamasının, geleneksel öğretim
yöntemlerinin uygulandığı kontrol grubunun başarı ortalamasından daha yüksek
olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte elde edilen nitel bulgular, öğrencilerin
ilkçağ uygarlıkları ile ilgili farkındalık kazanabildiklerini; farklı kültürden insanlar arasındaki
fakları kavrayarak empati kurabildiklerini göstermektedir.
Yayın Kritiği: GERÇEKTE(N) ÖYLE Mİ OLMUŞ? POST-TRUTH ZAMANLARDA TARİHİN TEMSİLİ
Authors: TURAN İbrahim
Published: March 2020

Hakikat arayışında insanlığın gördüğü en büyük krizi yaşıyoruz. İskenderiye ve Bağdat kütüphanelerinin yakılması dahi yolumuza bu kadar büyük bir engel koyamamıştı. Hakikat, haz ile olan mücadelesini kaybetti. İnsanların büyük çoğunluğu bilinçli veya bilinçsiz olarak tercihini “mavi hap”tan yana kullandı. Hakikat davasında hâlâ ısrarcı olanlar için ise rotada kalmak giderek zorlaşıyor. Şimşek ve Yalı, bu krizin iki temel boyutunu şu sorularla ortaya koyuyorlar: “a) Gerçeği istiyor muyuz? b) İstiyorsak bu karmaşa içinde nasıl elde ederiz?” (s.173). Kitap, post-truth anlayışın hakikat arayışı için neden ve nasıl bir tehdit olduğunu, sosyal medya başta olmak üzere her türlü yayının bu anlayışın yayılmasındaki etkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Kitapta yine bu duruma bir çözüm olarak tarihçilik becerilerinden istifade edilmesinin faydalı olabileceği tezi öne sürülmektedir.
T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük Öğretiminde Duyuşsal ve Bilişsel Öğrenme Etkinliklerinin Tarihsel Empatiye Yansımalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ELBAY Sezgin
Published: March 2020

T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük öğretiminde, duyuşsal ve bilişsel öğrenme etkinliklerinin, tarihsel empatiye yönelik yansımaları tam olarak ortaya çıkarılamamıştır. Bu durum etkinliklerin potansiyel etkilerinin bilinmemesine neden olabilir. Buna rağmen öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde bu etkinlikler işe koşulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük öğretiminde, duyuşsal ve bilişsel öğrenme etkinliklerinin, tarihsel empatiye yansımalarını incelemektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırmanın durum çalışma yaklaşımına dayalı olarak yapılmıştır. Veriler, 2018/2019 eğitim-öğretim yılının, 1.dönemi boyunca toplanmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak, derste kullanılacak duyuşsal ve bilişsel öğrenme etkinlikleri belirlenmiş, ardından araştırmacı gözetiminde, bu etkinliklerle ders işlenmiştir. Sakarya kentinin kırsal bir bölgesindeki bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 22 öğrenci, ölçüt durum örneklemesine uygun olarak seçilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, derste kullanılacak duyuşsal ve bilişsel öğrenme etkinlikleriyle daha önce karşılaşmayan öğrenciler, araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak; alan notları, grup tartışma değerlendirme formu ve tarihsel anlatı formları işe koşulmuştur. Ardından veriler, tümevarımsal olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda; duyuşsal öğrenme etkinliklerinin, sevginin betimlenmesi ve savaş kurgusu; bilişsel öğrenme etkinliklerinin ise, bağlamın tarihselliği bakımından yansımalarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak bilişsel öğrenme etkinliklerinin, tarih öğretimi açısından daha yararlı sonuçlar doğurduğu söylenebilir.
Cumhuriyet’in İlk Yıllarında Yurttaşlık Eğitimi: Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye Ders Kitabı Örneği
Authors: YİNİLMEZ AKAGÜNDÜZ Seval
Published: March 2020

Çalışmada Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında ulus-devlet bilincinden hareketle ilk mekteplerde toplumsal değerler ve ahlak eğitimi konusunda öğrencileri bilgilendirmek amacıyla hazırlanan “Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye” adlı eser incelenmiştir. İlk mekteplerde okutulmak üzere hazırlanan bu eser Malûmât-ı Medeniye derslerine yardımcı bir ders kitabı olarak toplumsal değerler ve ahlak eğitimi konularında bilgi vermektedir. Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye’de yer alan metinlerden hareketle Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında ilköğretimde iyi yurttaş yetiştirilebilmek için verilmesi amaçlanan değerler, ahlak eğitimin boyutlarıyla analiz edilmiştir. Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye adlı çalışmanın incelenmesinde doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Örneklem alınmamış, eserin tamamı içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. “Bireysel Gelişim” ve “Toplumsal Uyum” kategorileri ve alt temalarından hareketle incelenen eserde frekans ve yüzde değerlerinin hesaplanması sonucunda “toplumsal uyum” kategorisine eserde daha fazla yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bireysel gelişim kategorisi %19 ve toplumsal uyum kategorisi de %81 oranlarında yer kaplamaktadır. Eserde bazı bölümlerden sonra “Hülasa: Öğrenilecek Noktalar ve Sualler” başlıklarına yer verilirken, bazılarından sonra da “Güzel Sözler” başlığıyla atasözü ve deyimlere yer verildiği görülmektedir. Öte yandan, kitapta nasihat ya da öğüt vermenin öğrenim yaklaşımı olarak kullanıldığı da anlaşılmaktadır.
Core Protocol for Serial Imaging of Fluorescently-Labeled Mouse Brain on the TissueCyte 1000 System v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the instructions for setup and scanning of fluorescently-labeled tissue sections mounted in agarose and attached to a slide using the TissueCyte 1000 block face 2-photon system. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
FACS Single Cell Sorting v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol provides step by step instructions for performing single-cell sorting by using BD FACSAria II machine or BD FACSAria Fusion machine and BD FACSDiva software. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Feeling Left Out: Underserved Audiences in Science Communication
Authors: Humm Christian , Schrögel Philipp , Leßmöllmann Annette
Published: March 2020

Science communication only reaches certain segments of society. Various underserved audiences are detached from it and feel left out, which is a challenge for democratic societies that build on informed participation in deliberative processes. While only recently researchers and practitioners have addressed the question on the detailed composition of the not reached groups, even less is known about the emotional impact on underserved audiences: feelings and emotions can play an important role in how science communication is received, and “feeling left out” can be an important aspect of exclusion. In this exploratory study, we provide insights from interviews and focus groups with three different underserved audiences in Germany. We found that on the one hand, material exclusion factors such as available infrastructure or financial means as well as specifically attributable factors such as language skills, are influencing the audience composition of science communication. On the other hand, emotional exclusion factors such as fear, habitual distance, and self- as well as outside-perception also play an important role. Therefore, simply addressing material aspects can only be part of establishing more inclusive science communication practices. Rather, being aware of emotions and feelings can serve as a point of leverage for science communication in reaching out to underserved audiences.
Why Are Scientific Experts Perceived as Trustworthy? Emotional Assessment within TV and YouTube Videos
Authors: Reif Anne , Kneisel Tim , Schäfer Markus , Taddicken Monika
Published: March 2020

Due to the rise of the Internet, the effects of different science communication formats in which experts appear cannot be neglected in communication research. Through their emotional and more comprehensible communication ‘sciencetubers’—who frequently differ from the stereotypical image of scientists as white, old men—may have a considerable effect on the public’s perceived trustworthiness of scientists as well as their trust in science. Thus, this study aims to extend trust and trustworthiness research to consider the role of emotion in science communication in the context of emerging online video content. Therefore, perceived trustworthiness was examined in an experimental online survey of 155 people aged 18–80. We considered different potential influencing variables for trustworthiness (expertise, integrity, benevolence) and used six different video stimuli about physics featuring scientific experts. The video stimuli varied according to format (TV interviews vs. YouTube videos), gender (male vs. female), and age of the experts depicted (old vs. young). The results suggest that: (1) Scientific experts appearing in TV interviews are perceived as more competent but not higher in integrity or benevolence than sciencetubers—while scientists interviewed on TV are regarded as typical scientists, sciencetubers stand out for their highly professional communication abilities (being entertaining and comprehensible); (2) these emotional assessments of scientists are important predictors of perceived trustworthiness; and (3) significantly mediate the effect of the stimulus (TV interview vs. YouTube video) on all dimensions of perceived trustworthiness of scientific experts.
The Welfare State as Universal Social Security: A Global Analysis
Authors: Öktem Kerem Gabriel
Published: March 2020

Over the past decades, the geography of comparative welfare state research has transformed. Whereas scholars used to focus on a limited number of advanced industrialised democracies, they now increasingly study developments in Europe’s periphery, East Asia, and Latin America. So, does this mean that the welfare state has spread around the world? To answer this question, we analyse different ways to measure welfare states and map their results. With the help of International Labour Organization and International Monetary Fund data, we explore measurements based on social expenditures, social rights, and social security legislations and show that each of them faces serious limitations in a global analysis of welfare states. For some measurements, we simply lack global data. For others, we risk misclassifying the extent and quality of some social protection systems. Finally, we present a measurement that is grounded in the idea that the welfare state is essentially about universalism. Relying on a conceptualisation of the welfare state as collective responsibility for the wellbeing of the entire population, we use universal social security as a yardstick. We measure this conceptualization through health and pension coverage and show that a growing number of countries have become welfare states by this definition. Yet, it is possible that at least some of these cases offer only basic levels of protection, we caution.
Natural Seismicity in and around the Rome Trough, Eastern Kentucky, from a Temporary Seismic Network
Authors: Carpenter N. Seth , Holcomb Andrew S. , Woolery Edward W. , Wang Zhenming , Hickman John B. , Roche Steven L.
Published: March 2020

The Rome trough is a northeast-trending graben system extending from eastern Kentucky northeastward across West Virginia and Pennsylvania into southern New York. The oil and gas potential of a formation deep in the trough, the Rogersville shale, which is ∼1  km above Precambrian basement, is being tested in eastern Kentucky. Because induced seismicity can occur from fracking formations in close proximity to basement, a temporary seismic network was deployed along the trend of the Rome trough from June 2015 through May 2019 to characterize natural seismicity.

Using empirical noise models and theoretical Brune sources, minimum detectable magnitudes, Mmin, were estimated in the study area. The temporary stations reduced Mmin by an estimated 0.3–0.8 magnitude units in the vicinity of wastewater-injection wells and deep oil and gas wells testing the Rogersville shale. The first 3 yr of seismicity detected and located in the study area has been compiled. Consistent with the long-term seismicity patterns in the Advanced National Seismic System Comprehensive Catalog, very few earthquakes occurred in the crust beneath the Rome trough—only three events were recorded—where the temporary network was most sensitive. None of these events appear to have been associated with Rogersville shale oil and gas test wells. Outside of the trough boundary faults, earthquakes are diffusely distributed in zones extending into southern Ohio to the north, and into the eastern Tennessee seismic zone to the south. The orientations of P axes from the seven first-motion focal mechanisms determined in this study are nearly parallel with both the trend of the Rome trough and with the orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress in the region. This apparent alignment between the regional stress field and the strikes of faults in the trough at seismogenic depths may explain the relative lack of earthquake activity in the trough compared with the surrounding crust to the north and south.
Observation by Means of An Underground Ring Laser Gyroscope of Love Waves Generated in the Mediterranean Sea: Source Direction and Comparison with Models
Authors: Simonelli Andreino , De Luca Gaetano , Giacomelli Umberto , Terreni Giuseppe , Di Virgilio Angela
Published: March 2020

In fall 2018, we have observed, by means of an underground ring laser gyroscope, the microseismic (MS) activity induced by the Mediterranean Sea in the 2–5 s period range. In the amplitude spectra, a clear peak highly correlated with a collocated seismometer appears during a large storm activity ranging from 24 November to 1 December 2018. The peak of the spectra, both for rotation rate and acceleration, are located at 3.3 s. The peak amplitudes are of 8×10−10  rad/s−1 and 3×10−6  ms−2, respectively, for vertical rotation rate and horizontal acceleration. We perform the source direction estimation by maximizing the correlation of the vertical rotation rate with the transverse acceleration. The local estimation of the direction of the wavefield is then compared with the sea state hindcasts that provide a modeling of the possible MS noise sources.
A Report on Broadband Seismological Experiment in the Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya (JAKSNET)
Authors: Sharma Swati , Mitra Supriyo , Sharma Shubham , Priestley Keith , Wanchoo Sunil K. , Powali Debarchan , Ali Liyaqet
Published: March 2020

A significant Himalayan seismic gap lies between the 2005 Mw 7.6 Kashmir earthquake and the 1905 Mw 7.8 Kangra earthquake, across Jammu and Kashmir, in the northwestern Himalaya. The last great earthquake in this region was the 1555 Mw∼8.0 earthquake, with its meisoseismal zone spanning the entire gap. Recent Global Positioning System geodetic studies have shown that sufficient strain have accumulated in this seismic gap to drive a future Mw∼8.0 earthquake. Seismic hazard assessment in Jammu and Kashmir has been limited by the lack of modern geophysical instrumentation. Very little is known about the crustal structure and earthquake source in this region. Since July 2013, a seismological network (Jammu and Kashmir Seismological Network [JAKSNET]) of 24 broadband three-component seismograph systems have been installed across Jammu and Kashmir, under joint collaborative efforts between Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, and University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. Data from this network are archived at the IISER Kolkata seismological observatory and are presently restricted for seismological studies by the participating organizations. The network will be in operation till 2022 and three years after the completion of the experiment the data will be made available following the data sharing policies of the funding agency and the Government of India. In this report, we analyze station noise characteristics and demonstrate that the network performance meets the international standards. We also demonstrate that these stations have recorded high-quality local, regional, and teleseismic data. These dataset are being used for estimation of velocity structure, attenuation characteristics, and earthquake source studies.
TVA ile üretilen Cam / GaN / InGaN Filmin Artan Tavlama Sıcaklığının Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerine Etkileri
Authors: Erdoğan Erman
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, GaN / InGaN yarı iletken filmler,
termiyonik vakum ark (TVA) yöntemi kullanılarak cam alttaş üzerine büyütüldü.
Üretilen filmlerin bazı fiziksel özelliklerini iyileştirmek için, farklı
sıcaklıklarda termal tavlama yapıldı ve tavlama sıcaklığının, filmlerin optik
ve yüzey özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırıldı. UV-VIS spektrofotometresi
kullanılarak geçirgenlik ve soğurma spektrumları alınmış ve optik enerji bant
aralıkları belirlenmiştir. Filmlerin yüzey görüntüleri ve yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri,
atomik kuvvet mikroskopisi (AFM) kullanılarak elde edildi. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre, GaN / InGaN filmlerin bazı fiziksel özellikleri termal tavlama
ile iyileştirilmiş ve bu filmler çeşitli teknolojik alanlarda kullanım için
araştırılmıştır.
Çoruh Havzası Taban Akışının İngiliz Hidroloji Enstitüsü Yuvarlatılmış Minimumlar Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞENOCAK Serkan , TAŞCİ Sait
Published: March 2020

Türkiye’nin büyük akarsu
havzalarından biri olan Çoruh havzasında yapılacak taşkın tesisleri, su tutma
yapıları ve suyun kullanıma sunulması amacıyla tasarlanacak bütün yapılar için
akarsu debisinin ve bu debiyi oluşturan en büyük etmenlerden biri olan taban
akış değerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Taban akışı, havzaya yağan yağışa,
akarsu ağı toplam uzunluğuna, drenaj yoğunluğuna, engebeliliğe vb. diğer
faktörlere bağlı olduğundan gecikmeli bir akış olarak gerçekleşir ve yaz
mevsiminde akarsu akışının önemli bir bölümünü, bazen ise tamamını karşılamaktadır.
Çalışmada İngiliz Hidroloji Enstitüsü Yuvarlatılmış Minimumlar (İHEY) yöntemi
kullanılarak Çoruh havzası üzerinde bulunan 10 adet Akım Gözlem İstasyonundan
(AGİ) elde edilen günlük ortalama akarsu debileri yardımıyla akarsu debileri
5’erli gruplara ayrılmış, elde edilen bu gruplar içerisindeki en küçük debi
değerleri minimum değerler olarak kabul edilmiştir. Daha sonra dönüm
noktalarının kendinden önceki ve sonraki grubun minimum değerinin 0,9 katından
küçük olması durumunda bu değer dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmiş ve dönüm
noktaları arasında kalan boşluklar doğrusal enterpolasyon yöntemi ile
doldurularak akarsuya ait günlük taban akışı değerleri elde edilmiştir. Havzada yapılan çalışma sonucunda havzadaki taban akış
indeksinin havza genelinde ortalama olarak 0,80 oranında olduğu belirlenmiş ve
özellikle yaz aylarındaki akımın büyük çoğunluğunun taban akışından
kaynaklandığı gözlemlenmiştir..
Synthesis and Theoretical Calculation of p-Aminostyryl-BODIPY Derivative: Trans-Configuration Selectivity of Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
Authors: KAYA Serdal
Published: March 2020

BODIPY derivatives have become important
molecules because of their spectroscopic and biological properties and they
have been found some application fields such as florescent sensors,
photosensitizer and cellular imaging. To increase the competence of these
fields of BODIPYs, an extension of the conjugation is needed. For this purpose,
Knoevenagel condensation reaction
is generally performed. During this research, the synthesis of BODIPY 10 was achieved by performing Knoevenagel
condensation reaction and resulted in the formation of trans-configurated styryl-product. In addition to the synthetic
performance, we also examine the fate of the stereoselectivity by DFT
calculations.
Model Dakwah dalam Pelayanan Pasien
Authors: Ahmadiansah Reza
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis Research aimed at knowing the model of Da'wah in patient serviceconducted in the public hospital of Salatiga and hospital of Dr. AsmirSalatiga.this research Used a qualitative research approach. The results ofthis research showed that (1) the Patient service of counselors given byRSUD Salatiga had been conducted since 2010. With a seven-personcounselor. The Model of Da'wah was used in serving the patient guidance bypromoting religious spirituallitas such as dhikr, prayers and so on. (2) Theimplementation of Da'wah conducted by the hospital of Dr. Asmir Salatigato the needs of the patients when requiring counseling for psychiatric, orsedative ruhani when they abused by many severe diseases, or some otherproblems, such as conducting guidance or direction which was of nature tomake comfort in the psychic patients.AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui model dakwah dalam pelayananpasien yang dilaksanakan di rumah sakit umum daerah Salatiga danrumah sakit dr. Asmir Salatiga. Dengan menggunakan pendekatanpenelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1)Pelayanan pasien konselor yang diberikan oleh RSUD Salatiga sudahdilakukan sejak tahun 2010. Dengan tenaga konselor berjumlah tujuhorang. Model dakwah yang digunakan dalam melayani pasiennyabimbingan dengan mengedepankan spirituallitas agama seperti dzikir,doa dan sebagainya. (2) Pelaksanaan dakwah yang dilakukan oleh pihakrumah sakit dr Asmir Salatiga terhadap kebutuhan pasien ketikamembutuhkan konseling bagi kejiwaan, atau penenang ruhani merekasaat dirundung banyak penyakit yang berat, atau beberapa masalah yanglainnya, misalnya melakukan bimbingan atau arahan yang sifatnya untukmembuat kenyamanan dalam psikis pasien.
Archaeology of the Contemporary Past vs Retrotopia in the Context of the Application of Remote Sensing Methods
Authors: Wałdoch Filip
Published: March 2020

This paper considers the issue of the application of teledection methods in the archaeology of the contemporary past with reference to the concept of retrotopia proposed by Zygmunt Bauman. It is based on one of the components of retrotopia, namely the approach to heritage adopted by Lowenthal (1997). From this perspective, relics of the twentieth-century German settlement in Witkowski Młyn (Western Pomerania) are analysed. In order to identify and document them, ALS data was used and then supplemented with verification field research. As a result, extensive relics of the twentieth-century landscape were documented, including relics of homesteads, orchards and a cemetery. The research presented show that teledection methods cannot prevent retrotopia, but they are new tools for filling in the gaps in knowledge of the contemporary past. Thus, they can lead to a dialogue which, according to Z. Bauman, is the best response to retrotopia.
PREDICTORS OF FORMATION OF EARLY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND B WITH DELTA AGENT WITH RESULTS IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Abdukadirova M. A , Khikmatullaeva A. S
Published: March 2020

Liver cirrhosis (LC) should be considered as a severe, progressive disease with systemic manifestations. Early detection and elimination of risk factors for the development of LC complications are essential for improving the quality of life of patients. In order to study the clinical aspects of the initial stages of LC, we examined 207 patients with LC HBV and HDV etiology. The study of the characteristics of the initial manifestations of LC is necessary to identify predictors of the development of severe complications and prevent disability of patients.
L’innovation en élevage : de nouvelles démarches pour de nouveaux enjeux
Authors: MEYNARD J.M. , DOURMAD J.Y.
Published: March 2020

En guise d’introduction à un numéro spécial de la revue « INRA Productions Animales » sur l’innovation, cet article s’interroge sur la contribution des chercheurs au processus d’innovation. Il montre que les moteurs du changement en agriculture et en élevage appellent à un intense effort de conception innovante, et propose un panorama des démarches qui peuvent être mises en œuvre pour ce faire : conception de novovs pas à pas, conception assistée par modèle vs en atelier de conception, conception au niveau du système d’élevage d’un agriculteur ou au niveau du territoire. Il passe en revue les cadres d’analyse utilisés pour étudier les innovations in situ et anticiper les conditions de leur diffusion : typologies d’adoptants, verrouillage technologique, etc. Il conclut sur l’importance de revisiter la posture des chercheurs vis à vis de l’innovation.
Effets des conduites d’élevage sur la production de lait, las taux butyreux et protéique et la composition en acides gras du lait de vache...
Authors: LEGARTO J. , GELÉ M. , FERLAY A. , HURTAUD C. , LAGRIFFOUL G. , PALHIÈRE I. , PEYRAUD J.L. , ROUILLÉ B. , BRUNSCHWIG P.
Published: March 2020

Les facteurs de variation de la composition en Acides Gras (AG) du lait ont été évalués en 2010 dans 1 528 élevages bovins, caprins et ovins laitiers. Le stade de lactation influe sur la proportion d’AG Saturés (AGS) avec une augmentation jusqu’à 4 mois, forte en bovins, plus modérée en caprins et ovins. La part des AG MonoInsaturés (AGMI) évolue inversement, alors que celle des AG PolyInsaturés (AGPI) reste relativement stable tout au long de la lactation. L’âge à la première mise bas affecte peu la composition en AG chez les bovins et les caprins, mais davantage chez les ovins pour lesquels la part des AGS augmente avec l’âge. Chez les bovins, la période de vêlage a peu d’effet sur le profil en AG, mais la saison de production influence notablement le pourcentage des AGS du lait, dans le même sens que le taux butyreux du lait qui est minimal en période de jours longs. Cette saisonnalité est moins importante en caprins, elle est confondue avec la saison de pâturage en ovins. Les régimes alimentaires ont davantage d’influence sur la composition du lait chez les bovins que chez les petits ruminants. Seule la présence du pâturage influence les grandes familles d’AG du lait, dans le même sens pour les 3 espèces, avec une diminution systématique et d’ampleur modérée (petits ruminants) à forte (bovins) de la part des AGS par rapport au régime de référence. En contrepartie, les pourcentages des AGMI et AGPI ont tendance à augmenter avec l’herbe jeune fraîche. L’effet des autres régimes alimentaires, contenant des fourrages conservés, sur les principales familles d’AG du lait est moins net.
Exceptional Antioxidant, Non-Cytotoxic Activity of Integral Lemon Pectin from Hydrodynamic Cavitation
Authors: Nuzzo Domenico , Cristaldi Laura , Sciortino Marzia , Albanese Lorenzo , Scurria Antonino , Zabini Federica , Lino Claudia , Pagliaro Mario , Meneguzzo Francesco , Di Carlo Marta , Ciriminna Rosaria
Published: March 2020

Lemon pectin extracted along with water-soluble flavonoids and other phytochemicals from citrus industry’s waste lemon peel via hydrodynamic cavitation in water, directly at pre-industrial scale and further isolated via freeze drying, shows exceptionally high antioxidant and non-cytotoxic activity. Preliminary investigation indicates also significant antimicrobial activity. These findings open the route to the development of new nutraceutical and healthcare application of a versatile biopolymer endowed with new functionality, rapidly and conveniently obtained from an abundant by-product of the agrofood industry.
Quintessential Inflation with Dynamical Higgs Generation as an Affine Gravity
Authors: Benisty David , Guendelman Eduardo , Nissimov Emil , Pacheva Svetlana
Published: March 2020

First, we propose a scale-invariant modified gravity interacting with a neutral scalar inflaton and a Higgs-like SU(2)xU(1) iso-doublet scalar field based on the formalism of non-Riemannian (metric-independent) spacetime volume-elements. This model describes in the physical Einstein frame a quintessential inflationary scenario driven by the "inflaton" together with gravity-inflaton assisted dynamical spontaneous SU(2)xU(1) symmetry

breaking in the post-inflationary universe, whereas SU(2)xU(1) symmetry remains intact in the inflationary epoch. Next, we find the explicit representation of the latter quintessential

inflationary model with a dynamical Higgs effect as an Eddington-type purely affine

gravity.