bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robotic prostatectomy is associated with increased patient travel and treatment delay
Authors: Maurice Matthew J. , Zhu Hui , Kim Simon P. , Abouassaly Robert
Published: June 2016

Introduction: New technologies may limit access to treatment. We investigated radical prostatectomy (RP) access over time since robotic introduction and the impact of robotic use on RP access relative to other approaches in the modern era.Methods: Using the National Cancer Data Base, RPs performed during the eras of early (2004‒2005) and late (2010‒2011) robotic dissemination were identified. The primary endpoints, patient travel distance and treatment delay, were compared by era, and for 2010‒2011, by surgical approach. Analyses included multivariable and multinomial logistic regression.Results: 138 476 cases were identified, 32% from 2004‒2005 and 68% from 2010‒2011. In 2010‒2011, 74%, 21%, and 4.3% of RPs were robotic, open, and laparoscopic, respectively. Treatment in 2010‒2011 and robotic approach were independently associated with increased patient travel distance and longer treatment delay (p<0.001). Men treated robotically had 1.1‒1.2 times higher odds of traveling medium-to-long-range distances and 1.2‒1.3 higher odds of delays 90 days or greater compared to those treated open (p<0.001). Laparoscopic approach was associated with increased patient travel and treatment delay, but to a lesser extent than the robotic approach (p<0.001). In high-risk patients, treatment delays remained significantly longer for minimally invasive approaches (p<0.001). Other factors associated with the robotic approach included referral from an outside facility, treatment at an academic or high-volume hospital, higher income, and private insurance. Potential limitations include the retrospective observational design and lack of external validation of the primary outcomes.Conclusions: The robotic approach is associated with increased travel burden and treatment delay, potentially limiting access to surgical care.
What’s new in prostate cancer research?
Authors: Kapoor Anil
Published: June 2016

What’s new in prostate cancer research?
What’s new in testosterone deficiency research?
Authors: Kapoor Anil
Published: June 2016

What’s new in testosterone deficiency research?
What’s new renal cancer research?
Authors: Kapoor Anil
Published: June 2016

What’s new renal cancer research?
Human Resource Management Outsourcing Decision for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China
Authors: Chu Jing
Published: June 2016

Human resource management (HRM) plays an important role in every enterprise. Nowadays, in China, more and more enterprises, not only large companies, but also small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) choose to outsource their HRM activities for economic and strategic benefits. According to the feature of HRM in SMEs, this paper builds a more systematic and practical human resource management outsourcing decision model for SMEs. In this decision model, HRM activities are classified into transaction, profession and strategy levels, and economic benefit, core competence enhancement and risks are taken into consideration. Applying multi-objective intelligent weighted grey target decision method based on combination weighting approach, the decision model can help the enterprise decide which HRM activities should be outsourced in priority sequence. The study proposes a scientific guidance for China’s SMEs to make the HRM outsourcing decision.  
Legal Constraints on the Indeterminate Control of ‘Dangerous’ Sex Offenders in the Community: The English Perspective
Authors: Padfield Nicola
Published: June 2016

Legal Constraints on the Indeterminate Control of ‘Dangerous’ Sex Offenders in the Community: The English Perspective

This article explores the legal constraints imposed on the rising number of so-called ‘dangerous’ sex offenders in England and Wales, in particular once they have been released from prison into the community. The main methods of constraint are strict licence conditions, Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangements and civil protective orders such as Sexual Harm Prevention Orders. ‘Control’ in the community is thus widespread, but is difficult to assess whether it is either effective or necessary without a great deal more research and analysis. Post-sentence ‘punishment’ has been largely ignored by both academic lawyers and criminologists. The article concludes that financial austerity might prove to be as important as the human rights agenda in curbing the disproportionate use of powers of control.
Uma Ontologia para Apoiar Discussões de Riscos em Projetos de Software
Authors: Brondani Camila H. , Fontoura Lisandra M. , Silva Luís Alvaro L.
Published: June 2016

Um gerenciamento de riscos efetivo em projetos de software é importante para garantir que os fatores que podem impactar no sucesso e na qualidade de um sistema desenvolvido estão sob controle. Além disso, melhorar a comunicação entre participantes de um projeto, bem como integrar suas diferentes experiências e perspectivas sobre este domínio de problema é imprescindível. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como explorar a representação de um domínio de conhecimento por meio de ontologias para suportar a identificação e análise colaborativa de riscos em projetos de software. Para isso, a ontologia proposta foi criada para apoiar o desenvolvimento de atividades de gerenciamento de riscos tipicamente envolvidas nestas discussões colaborativas de riscos.
Crossover between fast and slow excitation of magnetization by spin torque
Authors: Taniguchi Tomohiro
Published: June 2016

A crossover between two mechanisms destabilizing the magnetization in equilibrium by the spin transfer effect is found in a ferromagnetic multilayer consisting of an in-plane magnetized free layer and a perpendicularly magnetized pinned layer, where an in-plane magnetic field is applied, and electric current flows from the pinned to the free layer. A fast transition from the in-plane to the out-of-plane state occurs in the low-field region, whereas a slow transition with small-amplitude oscillation becomes dominant in the high-field region. On the other hand, only the fast transition mechanism appears for the opposite current direction.
Utilizing mutual information for detecting rare and common variants associated with a categorical trait
Authors: Sun Leiming , Wang Chan , Hu Yue-Qing
Published: June 2016

Background.Genome-wide association studies have succeeded in detecting novel common variants which associate with complex diseases. As a result of the fast changes in next generation sequencing technology, a large number of sequencing data are generated, which offers great opportunities to identify rare variants that could explain a larger proportion of missing heritability. Many effective and powerful methods are proposed, although they are usually limited to continuous, dichotomous or ordinal traits. Notice that traits having nominal categorical features are commonly observed in complex diseases, especially in mental disorders, which motivates the incorporation of the characteristics of the categorical trait into association studies with rare and common variants.

Methods.We construct two simple and intuitive nonparametric tests, MIT and aMIT, based on mutual information for detecting association between genetic variants in a gene or region and a categorical trait. MIT and aMIT can gauge the difference among the distributions of rare and common variants across a region given every categorical trait value. If there is little association between variants and a categorical trait, MIT or aMIT approximately equals zero. The larger the difference in distributions, the greater values MIT and aMIT have. Therefore, MIT and aMIT have the potential for detecting functional variants.

Results.We checked the validity of proposed statistics and compared them to the existing ones through extensive simulation studies with varied combinations of the numbers of variants of rare causal, rare non-causal, common causal, and common non-causal, deleterious and protective, various minor allele frequencies and different levels of linkage disequilibrium. The results show our methods have higher statistical power than conventional ones, including the likelihood based score test, in most cases: (1) there are multiple genetic variants in a gene or region; (2) both protective and deleterious variants are present; (3) there exist rare and common variants; and (4) more than half of the variants are neutral. The proposed tests are applied to the data from Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism, and a competent performance is exhibited therein.

Discussion.As a complementary to the existing methods mainly focusing on quantitative traits, this study provides the nonparametric tests MIT and aMIT for detecting variants associated with categorical trait. Furthermore, we plan to investigate the association between rare variants and multiple categorical traits.
Role of ocean evaporation in California droughts and floods
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Jin Qinjian , Yang Zong‐Liang , Dirmeyer Paul A.
Published: June 2016

Since winter 2011, a record‐breaking drought has occurred in California. Studies found that the drought is mainly caused by a persistent high‐pressure system off the U.S. West Coast, which is linked to Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. The water cycles associated with the droughts and floods are still not clearly understood. Here we show that the atmospheric circulation off the West Coast not only controls the atmospheric convergence and formation of precipitation but also largely determines surface wind speed, which further affects the evaporation over the eastern North Pacific, the major evaporative moisture source for California precipitation. Because of this mechanism, the ocean evaporation over the eastern North Pacific has been reduced during the recent drought. However, the ocean evaporation anomalies have little direct influence on California precipitation, especially during dry years, mainly because of their weak amplitudes. The California droughts cannot be readily attributed to the reduced ocean evaporation. The association between increased Pacific evaporation and floods over California is somewhat stronger.
Receiver structure from teleseisms: Autocorrelation and cross correlation
Authors: Sun Weijia , Kennett B. L. N.
Published: June 2016

We present a way of characterizing the structure beneath a seismic station, by exploiting stacked correlograms of three‐component records from teleseismic events. This seismic daylight imaging approach exploits the extraction of reflection and conversion information from teleseismic coda via tensor autocorrelation. The approach is illustrated for a number of Australian stations in a variety of tectonic environments using hundreds of teleseismic events, to extract P and S reflectivity and converted Ps and Sp information. The results show a very good agreement with prior knowledge across Australia. Compared with the classical receiver function, the broader‐frequency band of 0.5–4.0 Hz provides additional information on finer‐scale structure.
On how spatial variations of channel width influence river profile curvature
Authors: Ferrer‐Boix Carles , Chartrand Shawn M. , Hassan Marwan A. , Martín‐Vide Juan P. , Parker Gary
Published: June 2016

Longitudinal profiles of alluvial rivers usually exhibit upward‐concave curvatures at equilibrium. River profile concavity has been primarily attributed to sediment downstream fining and to streamwise increments of water discharge. Conversely, upward‐convex profiles have been typically associated with tectonic and geologic controls and with outlet base‐level drops. Equations to describe river profiles at equilibrium developed from mass conservation principles do not consider longitudinal changes in channel width. This study addresses how variations in channel width can also act to control the curvature of longitudinal profiles. We develop a new theoretical framework in which the role on river profiles of downstream variations of channel width, flow discharge, bed roughness, and surface texture are explicitly shown. Unlike classical approaches for river profile evolution, this novel framework identifies physical domains for rivers to develop upward‐concave/convex longitudinal profiles depending on channel width and flow discharge gradients flow intensity and surface texture.
The spectral albedo of sea ice and salt crusts on the tropical ocean of Snowball Earth: II. Optical modeling
Authors: Carns Regina C. , Light Bonnie , Warren Stephen G.
Published: June 2016

During the Snowball Earth events of the Neoproterozoic, tropical regions of the ocean could have developed a precipitated salt lag deposit left behind by sublimating sea ice. The major salt would have been hydrohalite, NaCl•2H2O. The crystals in such a deposit can be small and highly scattering, resulting in an allwave albedo similar to that of snow. The snow‐free sea ice from which such a crust could develop has a lower albedo, around 0.5, so the development of a crust would substantially increase the albedo of tropical regions on Snowball Earth. Hydrohalite crystals are much less absorptive than ice in the near‐infrared part of the solar spectrum, so their presence at the surface would increase the overall albedo as well as altering its spectral distribution. In this paper, we use laboratory measurements of the spectral albedo of a hydrohalite lag deposit, in combination with a radiative transfer model, to infer the inherent optical properties of hydrohalite as functions of wavelength. Using this result, we model mixtures of hydrohalite and ice representing both artificially created surfaces in the laboratory and surfaces relevant to Snowball Earth. The model is tested against sequences of laboratory measurements taken during the formation and the dissolution of a lag deposit of hydrohalite. We present a parameterization for the broadband albedo of cold, sublimating sea ice as it forms and evolves a hydrohalite crust, for use in climate models of Snowball Earth.
Rigorous design of matched wireless power transfer links based on inductive coupling
Authors: Monti G. , Costanzo A. , Mastri F. , Mongiardo M. , Tarricone L.
Published: June 2016

This paper focuses on a near‐field wireless power transmission link consisting of two magnetically coupled inductances. The case of a resonant coupling realized by adding appropriate compensating capacitances is solved. By using a network formalism, the link is modeled as a two‐port network and rigorously analyzed in the case where both the input impedance and the load are specified. In particular, it is demonstrated that there is just one optimum design of the network that allows maximizing both the efficiency and the active power on the load. Closed‐form design formulas for the optimum design are presented and validated by circuital simulations.
Remote Sensing Methodology for Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Stark Brandon J. , Chen Yang Quan
Published: June 2016

The use of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) for remote sensing applications has increased significantly over the last decade. As more and more applications are developed and documented, the need for a guide for the development of a UAS remote sensing methodology has become apparent. A well‐developed methodology is critical for the success of the project as it defines with clarity the end goal, the implementation, and the data collection strategy and provides metrics for success and project completion. Failure to accurately develop a methodology can lead to significant development delays, spiraling costs, or complete project failure. In this chapter, a guide to developing UAS remote sensing methodology is presented, focusing specifically on common UAS applications and payload equipment.
Power Generation and Energy Management
Authors: Langelaan Jack W.
Published: June 2016

This chapter discusses the generation of power and energy management (and harvesting) for unmanned aircraft. Implications for design as well as operation are discussed. Range and endurance for combustion‐powered aircraft are compared with battery/electric aircraft; some design bounds for photovoltaic powered aircraft are described; and fuel cell powered aircraft are briefly discussed. Operationally, computation of energy‐optimal flight speeds is described, and Monte Carlo simulations showing the utility of optimal flight speeds for small tactical unmanned aircraft are described. Finally, energy harvesting via autonomous soaring is presented.
System and Cyber Security: Requirements, Modeling, and Management
Authors: Hwang Inseok , Kwon Cheolhyeon
Published: June 2016

As unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) become an increasingly integral part of numerous applications, ensuring the security of these systems against malicious cyber threats is an increasing concern. Seeking to address this problem, it is important to investigate the diverse interactions between the cyber and physical components inside the UAS. Then, feasible cyber threats and associated vulnerabilities can be analyzed with respect to different security properties. Although traditional security for computers and their networks is a key approach in the cyber layer of the UAS, this method alone is not sufficient for diagnosing overall risk as it does not account for the dynamical behavior of the UAS. Therefore, a more comprehensive security analysis framework is introduced from a systems perspective, extending beyond the cyber processes of the UAS to include the underlying physical behavior. This approach allows for a UAS that is not only programmatically secure but also whose physical operations are thoroughly inspected and guaranteed to be secure, thus complementing the existing UAS security architecture.
Healing All‐Inorganic Perovskite Films via Recyclable Dissolution–Recyrstallization for Compact and Smooth Carrier Channels of Optoelectronic Devices with High Stability
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Yu Dejian , Cao Fei , Gu Yu , Wei Yi , Wu Ye , Song Jizhong , Zeng Haibo
Published: June 2016

The strong ionic character endows all‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with different chemical features from classical Cd‐based NCs, especially when considering their interaction with polar solvents and surfactants. This has aroused intensive interest, but is still short of comprehensive understanding. More significantly, above characteristic may be used to improve the quality of perovskite thin films, which is crucial for the carrier transport inside optoelectronic devices. Here, an interesting recyclable dissolution–recyrstallization phenomenon of all‐inorganic pervoskite, as well as its application on room temperature (RT) self‐healing of compact and smooth carrier channels in ambient atmosphere for high‐performance PDs with high stability is reported. First, according to solubility equilibrium principle, the size of CsPbBr3 crystals can be reversibly tuned in the range of 10 nm–1 μm through washing with polar solvent or stirring with assistance of surfactants at RT. Second, such phenomenon is applied for significant film quality improvement by forming a liquid circumstance within films, which can transport matter at surface and sharp parts into the gaps, healing themselves at RT. This strategy results in large‐area, crack‐free, low‐roughness perovskite thin films. Obviously, such improvement facilitates transport and extraction of carriers in the channels of devices, which has been evidenced by the improvement of performances of the corresponding PDs at ambient condition.
Enantioselective Synthesis of a Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5) Receptor via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Amino Ketones
Authors: González‐Bobes Francisco , Hanson Ronald , Strotman Neil , Guo Zhiwei , Goswami Animesh
Published: June 2016

The concise synthesis of a pharmaceutical candidate is described. The chiral core of the molecule is assembled using an aza‐benzoin condensation and a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) as the key reactions. This enables superb control of the regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity of the synthesis. Both biocatalysts and transition metal catalysts are remarkably effective in the key asymmetric reduction step. Similar approaches could be considered in the synthesis of other 1,2‐amino alcohols where traditional approaches based on functionalization of alkenes, epoxides or aziridines may suffer from selectivity issues.

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A Fully Verified Theoretical Analysis of Contact‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerators as a Wearable Power Source
Authors: Yang Bao , Zeng Wei , Peng Ze‐Hua , Liu Shi‐Rui , Chen Ke , Tao Xiao‐Ming
Published: June 2016

Harvesting mechanical energy from human activities by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is an effective approach for sustainable, maintenance‐free, and green power source for wireless, portable, and wearable electronics. A theoretical model for contact‐mode triboelectric nanogenerators based on the principles of charge conservation and zero loop‐voltage is illustrated. Explicit expressions for the output current, voltage, and power are presented for the TENGs with an external load of resistance. Experimental verification is conducted by using a laboratory‐fabricated contact‐mode TENG made from conducting fabric electrodes and polydimethylsiloxane/graphene oxide composite as the dielectric layer. Excellent agreements of the output voltage, current, and power are demonstrated between the theoretical and experimental results, without any adjustable parameters. The effects of the moving speed on output voltage, current, and power are illustrated in three cases, that is, the motion with constant speed, the sinusoidal motion cycles, and the real walking cycles by human subject. The fully verified theoretical model is a very powerful tool to guide the design of the device structure and selection of materials, and optimization of performance with respect to the application conditions of TENGs.
New Near‐Infrared‐Fluorescent Aza‐BODIPY Dyes with 1‐Methyl‐1 H‐Pyrrolyl Substituents at the 3,5‐Positions
Authors: Jiang Xin‐Dong , Guan Jian , Li Qian , Sun Changliang
Published: June 2016

New near‐infrared‐fluorescent aza‐BODIPY dyes with 1‐methyl‐1 H‐pyrrolyl substituents at the 3,5‐positions were successfully prepared and the 1‐methyl‐1 H‐pyrrolyl groups had a noticeable effect on their photophysical properties. The absorption and emission maxima of aza‐BODIPY dye 4 (λabs=754 nm, λem=803 nm) that contained 1‐methyl‐1 H‐pyrrolyl groups were bathochromically shifted compared to those of typical aza‐BODIPY dye 1 (λabs=649 nm, λem=673 nm), which contained phenyl groups. The photophysical data were well‐supported and explained by MO calculations. Aza‐BODIPY dye 3 was stable and suited for labeling living cells for imaging assays in the near‐infrared region.
Inhaled hydrogen ameliorates endotoxin‐induced bowel dysfunction
Authors: Sakata Hiroyuki , Okamoto Ayana , Aoyama‐Ishikawa Michiko , Yamashita Hayato , Kohama Keisuke , Fujisaki Noritomo , Yamada Taihei , Kotani Joji , Tsukahara Kohei , Iida Atsuyoshi , Nakao Atsunori
Published: June 2016

Aim

Gastrointestinal dysmotility frequently occurs during sepsis and multiple organ failure, remaining a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Previous studies have shown that hydrogen, a new therapeutic gas, can improve various organ damage associated with sepsis. In this study, we investigated the protective efficacies of inhaled hydrogen against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ileus.

Methods

Sepsis was induced in rats and mice by a single i.p. injection of LPS at 15 mg/kg for mice and 5 mg/kg for rats. Four groups of rats and mice including sham/air, sham/hydrogen, LPS/air, and LPS/hydrogen were analyzed. Hydrogen (1.3%) was inhaled for 25 h beginning at 1 h prior to LPS treatment. Gastrointestinal transit was quantified and cytokine levels, as well as neutrophil extravasation, in the intestinal muscularis propria were determined.

Results

Lipopolysaccharide challenge remarkably delayed gastrointestinal transit of non‐absorbable dextran, associated with increased leukocyte recruitment and upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA expressions in the muscularis propria. Hydrogen significantly prevented LPS‐induced bowel dysmotility and reduced leukocyte extravasation, as well as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression. In vitro analysis of cytokine levels after LPS treatment of cultured macrophages showed an increase of interleukin‐10 by hydrogen regardless of the presence of nitric oxide.

Conclusions

This study showed the protective effects of hydrogen inhalation on LPS‐induced septic ileus through inhibition of inflammation in the muscularis propria. These inhibitory effects on the pro‐inflammatory response may be partially derived from anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 induction.
The meso Helix: Symmetry and Symmetry‐Breaking in Dynamic Oligourea Foldamers with Reversible Hydrogen‐Bond Polarity
Authors: Wechsel Romina , Raftery James , Cavagnat Dominique , Guichard Gilles , Clayden Jonathan
Published: June 2016

Oligoureas (up to n=6) of meso cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine were synthesized by chain extension with an enzymatically desymmetrized monomer 2. Despite being achiral, the meso oligomers adopt chiral canonical 2.5‐helical conformations, the equally populated enantiomeric screw‐sense conformers of which are in slow exchange on the NMR timescale, with a barrier to screw‐sense inversion of about 70 kJ mol−1. Screw‐sense inversion in these helical foldamers is coupled with cyclohexane ring‐flipping, and results in a reversal of the directionality of the hydrogen bonding in the helix. The termini of the meso oligomers are enantiotopic, and desymmetrized analogues of the oligoureas with differentially and enantioselectively protected termini display moderate screw‐sense preferences. A screw‐sense preference may furthermore be induced in the achiral, meso oligoureas by formation of a 1:1 hydrogen‐bonded complex with the carboxylate anion of Boc‐d‐proline. The meso oligoureas are the first examples of hydrogen‐bonded foldamers with reversible hydrogen‐bond directionality.
Synthesis and antioxidant activities of Schiff bases and their complexes: a review
Authors: Al Zoubi Wail , Al‐Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih , Kaseem Mosab
Published: June 2016

Schiff bases, named after Hugo Schiff, are aldehyde‐ or ketone‐like compounds in which the carbonyl group is replaced by imine or azomethine group. They are widely used for industrial purposes and also have a broad range of applications as antioxidants. An overview of antioxidant applications of Schiff bases and their complexes is discussed in this review. A brief history of the synthesis and reactivity of Schiff bases and their complexes is presented. Factors of antioxidants are illustrated and discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Societal Responsibilities of Computational Modelers: Human Values and Professional Codes of Ethics
Authors: Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Hui Cindy , Wallace William A.
Published: June 2016

Information and communication technology (ICT) has increasingly important implications for our everyday lives, with the potential to both solve existing social problems and create new ones. This article focuses on one particular group of ICT professionals, computational modelers, and explores how these ICT professionals perceive their own societal responsibilities. Specifically, the article uses a mixed‐method approach to look at the role of professional codes of ethics and explores the relationship between modelers’ experiences with, and attitudes toward, codes of ethics and their values. Statistical analysis of survey data reveals a relationship between modelers’ values and their attitudes and experiences related to codes of ethics. Thematic analysis of interviews with a subset of survey participants identifies two key themes: that modelers should be faithful to the reality and values of users and that codes of ethics should be built from the bottom up. One important implication of the research is that those who value universalism and benevolence may have a particular duty to act on their values and advocate for, and work to develop, a code of ethics.
Decentralized subject indexing of television programs: The effects of using a semicontrolled indexing language
Authors: Søbak Veslemøy , Pharo Nils
Published: June 2016

We performed an exploratory case study to understand how subject indexing performed by television production staff using a semicontrolled vocabulary affects indexing quality. In the study we used triangulation, combining tag analysis and semistructured interviews, with production staff of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. The main findings reveal incomplete indexing of TV programs and their parts, in addition to low indexing consistency and uneven indexing exhaustivity. The informants expressed low motivation and a high level of uncertainty regarding the task. Internal guidelines and high domain knowledge among the indexers does not form a sufficient basis for creating quality and consistency in the vocabulary. The challenges that are revealed in the terminological analysis, combined with low indexing knowledge and lack of motivation, will create difficulties in the retrieval phase.
Quantitative Detection of Visible Light on Hybrid Nanostructures of Two‐dimension Porous Conjugated Polymers and Charge‐Transfer Complexes by Field Emission
Authors: Gao Juan , Li Jiaofu , Xue Zheng , Liu Huibiao , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang
Published: June 2016

We have developed a new method of in situ vapor–solid phase reaction for fabricating a kind of novel hybrid nanostructures of two‐dimension (2D) porous conjugated polymers (PCPs) and charge‐transfer complexes (CuTCNQ‐TEPPM and CuTCNQF4‐TEPPM). These novel hybrid nanostructures have displayed excellent field emission properties and high stability. Due to the junction formed at the interface between the 2D porous conjugated polymers (PCPs) and charge‐transfer complexes, the device exhibits quantitative detection and typical visible‐light‐dependent field emission property.
Highly Contorted 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole‐Fused Aromatics for Solution‐Processed Field‐Effect Transistors: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Shi Xin , Liu Shuli , Liu Chunming , Hu Yueming , Shi Saihua , Fu Nina , Zhao Baomin , Wang Zhaohui , Huang Wei
Published: June 2016

A straightforward strategy has been used to construct 1,2,5‐thiadiazole‐fused 12‐ring π systems through twofold Stille coupling and subsequent cyclodehydrogenation by utilizing the building blocks of naphthodithiophene and 5,6‐substituted benzo[b]‐2,1,3‐thiadidazole. Molecules 1 a and 1 b, which exhibit highly contorted π surfaces, show a butterfly‐shaped conformation according to DFT calculations. Within the molecules, a plane‐to‐plane angle of 44.8° was found. UV/Vis absorption, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to study their physical properties. Strong intermolecular interactions of the nonplanar molecules were also observed by concentration‐dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy measurements and thin‐film XRD characterization. The low‐lying LUMO and high‐lying HOMO levels of the molecules are −3.73 and −5.48 eV, respectively, as estimated from CV measurements; this indicates their potential as semiconducting materials for solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors (OFETS). A field‐effect hole mobility of up to 0.035 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of 6.98 V, and a current on/off ratio of 8.65×105 in air for 1 a have been demonstrated with the top‐contact bottom‐gate field‐effect transistor device structures; this represents an important step toward the solution‐processed OFET application of contorted aromatics.
Linkage between pain sensitivity and empathic response in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions and conduct disorder symptoms
Authors: Chen Chenyi , Hung An‐Yi , Fan Yang‐Teng , Tan Shuai , Hong Hua , Cheng Yawei
Published: June 2016

Lack of empathy is one of the behavioral hallmarks in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) as well as youth with conduct disorder symptoms (CDS). Previous research has reliably documented considerable overlap between the perception of others' pain and first‐hand experience of pain. However, the linkage between empathy for pain and sensitivity to physical pain needs to be empirically determined, particularly in individuals with empathy deficits. This study measured the pressure pain threshold, which indexes sensitization of peripheral nociceptors, and assessed subjective ratings of unpleasantness and pain intensity in response to empathy‐eliciting stimuli depicting physical bodily injuries in three age‐ and sex‐matched participant groups: ASC, CDS, and typically developing controls (TDC). The results indicated that the pain threshold was lowest in the ASC group and highest in the CDS group. The ASC group displayed lower ratings of unpleasantness and pain intensity than did the TDC and CDS groups. Within the ASC and CDS, pain intensity ratings were significantly correlated with unpleasantness ratings to others' pain. Moreover, the ASC significantly differed from the TDC in the correlation between pain threshold values and unpleasantness ratings. These findings may cast some light on the linkage between atypical low‐level sensory functioning, for instance altered pain sensitivity, and high‐level empathic processing. Autism Res 2017, 10: 267–275. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of fetal alcohol exposure on body systems: A systematic review
Authors: Caputo Courtney , Wood Erin , Jabbour Leila
Published: June 2016

Review of published manuscripts on fetal alcohol exposure on several body systems.

Method

Articles in this review were found online using databases such as Medline, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. The following terms were searched: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome, prenatal alcohol exposure, and alcohol related birth defects.

Results

Thirteen articles were gathered, five original investigations and eight reviews. This review identified several abnormalities in the body systems discussed and their associations to fetal alcohol syndrome.

Conclusions

Evidence shows that the brain was the most severely impacted organ of the body systems discussed. However, prenatal alcohol exposure causes several abnormalities within the heart, kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and the endocrine systems. In addition, preventative measures need to be taken by mothers during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part C), 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:174–180, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors influencing recurrence following initial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Hallet J , Sa Cunha A , Adam R , Goéré D , Bachellier P , Azoulay D , Ayav A , Grégoire E , Navarro F , Pessaux P , Cosse C , Lignier D , Régimbeau J-M , Barbieux J , Lermite E , Hamy A , Mauvais F , Naasan I A , Cerda C , Compagnon P , Salloum C , Lim C , Laurent A , Rivoire M , Baulieux J , Darnis B , Mabrut J Y , Ducerf C , Kepenekian V , Perinel J , Adham M , Passot G , Glehen O , Le Treur Y P , Grégoire E , Hardwigsen J , Palen A , Delpero J R , Turrini O , Herrero A , Panaro F , Ayav A , Bresler L , Rauch P , Guillemin F , Marchal F , Benoist S , Brouquet A , Lo Dico R , Pocard M , Brouquier A , Penna C , Scatton O , Soubrane O , Fuks D , Gayet B , Piardi T , Sommacale D , Kianmanesh R , Lepere M , Oussoultzoglou E , Addeo P F , Ntourakis D , Mutter D , Marescaux J , Raoux L , Suc B , Muscari F , Castaing D , Cherqui D , Gelli M , Allard M A , Vibert E , Pittau G , Ciacio O , Elias D , Vittadello F
Published: June 2016

Background

Data on recurrence patterns following hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) and their impact on long-term outcomes are limited in the setting of modern multimodal management. This study sought to characterize the patterns of, factors associated with, and survival impact of recurrence following initial hepatectomy for CRLMs.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing initial hepatectomy for CRLMs at 39 institutions (2006–2013) was conducted. Kaplan–Meier methods were used for survival analyses. Overall survival landmark analysis at 12 months after hepatectomy was performed to compare groups based on recurrence. Multivariable Cox and regression models were used to determine factors associated with recurrence.

Results

Among 2320 patients, tumours recurred in 47·4 per cent at median of 10·1 (range 0–88) months; 89·1 per cent of recurrences developed within 3 years. Recurrence was intrahepatic in 46·2 per cent, extrahepatic in 31·8 per cent and combined intra/extrahepatic in 22·0 per cent. The 5-year overall survival rate decreased from 74·3 (95 per cent c.i. 72·2 to 76·4) per cent without recurrence to 57·5 (55·0 to 60·0) per cent with recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3·08, 95 per cent c.i. 2·31 to 4·09). After adjusting for clinicopathological variables, prehepatectomy factors associated with increased risk of recurrence were node-positive primary tumour (HR 1·27, 1·09 to 1·49), more than three liver metastases (HR 1·27, 1·06 to 1·52) and largest metastasis greater than 4 cm (HR 1·19; 1·01 to 1·43).

Conclusion

Recurrence after CRLM resection remains common. Although overall survival is inferior with recurrence, excellent survival rates can still be achieved.
Overcoming Innocents' Naiveté: Pre‐interrogation Decision‐making Among Innocent Suspects
Authors: Scherr Kyle C. , Alberts Kimberly M. , Franks Andrew S. , Hawkins Ian
Published: June 2016

Suspects, especially innocent ones, are highly susceptible to waiving their interrogation rights. This research tested the ability of two strategies to overcome innocent suspects' willingness to waive their rights. One strategy was based on the social influence of scarcity (i.e., not constraining the pre‐interrogation time limit). The other strategy focused on disrupting individuals' cognitive fluency during the decision‐making process (i.e., violating their induced expectation of offering a waiver). Disrupting innocent individuals' cognitive fluency increased their willingness to invoke their rights and, notably, was not qualified by interactions with any other factors. However, scarcity did not influence individuals' pre‐interrogation decision‐making. Results also further established the association between innocent individuals' naïve mindset and their willingness to waive their rights – specifically, innocents' willingness to waive their rights increased with the strength of their just world beliefs. The theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. The importance and benefit of reforming pre‐interrogation protocols using fair and feasible strategies that would disrupt suspects' cognitive fluency are emphasized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ensure a safe campus for transgender students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

Transgender student issues have gotten a lot of attention lately. North Carolina passed a law requiring students to use the restroom for the gender noted on their birth certificate, and the Department of Education and Department of Justice issued a joint “Dear Colleague Letter” stating that schools must, among other things, allow trans students to use the restroom of their choice.
Transform your athletics department from the ground up
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

When Gary Williams, Ph.D., first took on the role of director of athletics and recreation at Wittenberg University two years ago, he knew a significant transformation was in order. The department was siloed and fragmented to the point where leaders couldn't even agree to disagree, he recalled. He's led the department through a successful transformation, but with plenty of challenges along the way.
Over‐expression of stomatin causes syncytium formation in nonfusogenic JEG‐3 choriocarcinoma placental cells
Authors: Chen Tung‐Wei , Liu Hong‐Wen , Liou Yi‐Jia , Lee Jui‐Hao , Lin Chi‐Hung
Published: June 2016

Placental trophoblast differentiation involves the continuous fusion of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts. However, except for syncytin, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying trophoblast fusion. A previous study indicated that lipid rafts play an important role in HTLV‐1 syncytium formation. To identify proteins that may be involved in placental trophoblast differentiation, we examined stomatin, an important lipid‐raft protein that localizes to detergent‐resistant membrane domains. The syncytium and human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG; a marker of placental trophoblast differentiation) were visualized by immunofluorescence staining. We found that overexpression of stomatin in the nonfusogenic JEG‐3 cell line caused syncytium formation and increased the fusion index of cells. Treating these cells with N6,2′‐O‐dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate further increased cell fusion by stomatin. β‐hCG was found in a few JEG‐3 cells overexpressing stomatin at 48 h, and its levels increased dramatically at 72 h along with the formation of the multinuclear syncytium. RNA interference was used to decrease stomatin expression in BeWo cells, a fusogenic human choriocarcinoma cell line. After knockdown for 72 h, stomatin levels decreased by almost 95%. The fusion indexes of control and stomatin‐knockdown cells at 72 h were 9.4 and 6.5%, respectively. Our data indicated that stomatin could trigger syncytium formation and upregulate β‐hCG for cell fusion in nonfusogenic JEG‐3 cells. Downregulation of stomatin slightly inhibited the fusion index of fusogenic BeWo cells. Thus, these data suggested that stomatin plays an important role in trophoblast differentiation.
Visible‐Light‐Triggered Cross‐Linking of DNA Duplexes by Reversible [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Styrylpyrene
Authors: Doi Tetsuya , Kawai Hayato , Murayama Keiji , Kashida Hiromu , Asanuma Hiroyuki
Published: June 2016

Reversible photo‐cross‐linking of a DNA duplex through the [2+2] photocycloaddition of styrylpyrene is reported. Styrylpyrene moieties on d‐threoninol linkers were introduced into complementary positions on DNA strands. Irradiation of the styrylpyrene pair in the duplex with visible light at λ=455 nm induced a [2+2] photocycloaddition between styrylpyrenes that cross‐linked the two strands of the duplex. Two diastereomers were formed after [2+2] photocycloaddition as a result of rotation of the styrylpyrene residues. Also, the cycloreversion reaction was induced by UV light at λ=340 nm, which reversibly yielded the uncross‐linked strands.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Investigation on Na3AlF6 Molten Salt.
Authors: Lv Xiaojun , Xu Zhenming , Li Jie , Chen Jiangan , Liu Qingsheng
Published: June 2016

The partial radial distribution function, coordination numbers, bond angles, F atoms type, self‐diffusion coefficient, viscosity, and ionic conduction of molten Na3AlF6 are investigated by first‐principles molecular dynamics simulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Studies of Binary Compounds Ta/Ga — A System with Experimental and Crystallographic Peculiarities.
Authors: Koffi Agbelenko , Ade Martin , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: June 2016

TaxGay single crystals are obtained by slow cooling from 1:30 or 1:80 atomic mixtures of Ta and Ga, resp., which are handled under various heating schedules.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Chemical Pressure on the Structure and Properties of A2CrOsO6 (A: Sr, Ca) Ferrimagnetic Double Perovskite.
Authors: Morrow Ryan , Soliz Jennifer R. , Hauser Adam J. , Gallagher James C. , Susner Michael A. , Sumption Michael D. , Aczel Adam A. , Yan Jiaqiang , Yang Fengyuan , Woodward Patrick M.
Published: June 2016

The ordered double perovskites Sr2CrOsO6 (I) and Ca2CrOsO6 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of SrO or CaO, CrO3, and Os (Al tube in silica ampoule with PbO2 as O2 source, 950 °C (II)/1000 °C (I), 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structural Variants and Characterization of AInM′S4 (A: Alkali Metals, Tl; M′: Ge, Sn) Compounds; Facile Ion‐Exchange Reactions of Layered NaInSnS4 and KInSnS4 Compounds.
Authors: Yohannan Jinu P. , Vidyasagar Kanamaluru
Published: June 2016

The title compounds are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and 119Sn Moessbauer measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure Analysis of Titanium Bismuthide Oxide, Ti8BiO7.
Authors: Amano Shinsaku , Yamane Hisanori
Published: June 2016

Silver metallic luster columnar single crystals of the new title compound are obtained in a Bi flux by heating a 3:1 molar mixture of Ti and Bi2O3 (Ta boats in stainless steel tube, 900 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: LiBi3S5 — A Lithium Bismuth Sulfide with Strong Cation Disorder.
Authors: Nakhal Suliman , Wiedemann Dennis , Stanje Bernhard , Dolotko Oleksandr , Wilkening Martin , Lerch Martin
Published: June 2016

Phase‐pure LiBi3S5 powder is prepared by solid state reaction of equimolar amounts of LiBiS2 and Bi2S3 in H2S (Al2O3 crucible, 600 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum‐ and Gallium‐Containing Open‐Dawson Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Matsunaga Satoshi , Inoue Yusuke , Otaki Takuya , Osada Hironori , Nomiya Kenji
Published: June 2016

K10 [{Al4 (μ‐OH)6}{α,α‐Si2W18 O66}]·28.5H2O (I) and K10 [{Ga4(μ‐OH)6} (α,α‐Si2W18O66)] ·25H2O (II) are prepared in 14 and 26% yield, resp., by the reaction of a 1:2 aqueous molar mixture of the trilacunary Keggin compounds Na10[A‐α‐SiW9O34] or K10[A‐α‐SiW9O34] with Al(NO3)3 or Ga(NO3)3, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Chiral Biquinolyl Diphosphine Ligand and Its Applications in Inpalladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xie Bin , Chen Guo‐Shu , Qiu Liqin , Chen Yi‐Xin
Published: June 2016

The title catalyst is successfully applied in alkylation and amination reactions of substrate (I) to form the corresponding products with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Efficient Bifunctional Calixarene Thiourea Organocatalysts: Synthesis and Application in the Direct Enantioselective Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Genc Hayriye Nevin , Sirit Abdulkadir
Published: June 2016

A novel bifunctional calixarene thiourea CLXA is prepared and successfully applied as chiral catalyst for enantioselective aldol reactions of aryl aldehydes with acetone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐3‐trifluoromethylcyclopropenes by Transition‐Metal‐Free Reaction of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroacetophenone Tosylhydrazones with Alkynes: The Effect of the Trifluoromethyl Group.
Authors: Barroso Raquel , Jimenez Azucena , Carmen Perez‐Aguilar M. , Cabal Maria‐Paz , Valdes Carlos
Published: June 2016

The title synthesis is promoted by a base and applies to both terminal and internal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Manganese Spinel Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Amides and Azobenzenes via Aminyl Radical Cations.
Authors: Sultan Shaista , Kumar Manjeet , Devari Shekaraiah , Mukherjee Debaraj , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: June 2016

Amides are prepared by aminolysis of esters via the radical pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Simple System for the Oxidation of Electron‐Rich Diazo Compounds to Ketones.
Authors: O'Connor Nicholas R. , Bolgar Peter , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: June 2016

Heating diazo compounds in DMSO gives α‐ketoesters and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroarylation of 1‐Aryl‐2‐halogeno‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropenes in CF3SO3H: Regioselective Approach to Trifluoromethylated Diarylethanes and Ethenes.
Authors: Sandzhieva Mariya , Ryabukhin Dmitry S. , Muzalevskiy Vasily M. , Grinenko Elena V. , Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: June 2016

A simple and highly efficient method for the hydroarylation of the double bond of halogeno‐2‐CF3 styrenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of (Sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes with (R)‐PhSO(NTs)CH2Cl and α,β‐Unsaturated Weinreb Amides: Tuning the of Selectivity Between C—Cl and C—S Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Shen Xiao , Liu Qinghe , Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo
Published: June 2016

The Weinreb amide group and the counter cation of the base are important for the selective C‐Cl bond cleavage of (R)‐PhSO(NTs)CH2Cl.