bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les mauvais traitements envers les enfants autochtones signalés à la Protection de la jeunesse du Québec: Comparaison Interculturelle
Authors: Tourigny Marc , Domond Pascale , Trocmé Nico , Sioui Bruno , Baril Karine
Published: June 2020

L’étude vise à décrire les signalements impliquant des enfants autochtones et à les comparer à ceux impliquant des enfants non-autochtones à partir d’un échantillon représentatif des signalements faits aux services québécois de protection de la jeunesse. Les résultats démontrent qu’au Québec, les situations impliquant des enfants autochtones, par rapport à celles impliquant des enfants non-autochtones, se caractérisent par l’occupation d’un logement subventionné, l’abus de substances chez les parents, un nombre plus élevé d’enfants dans la famille, le fait que le signalement soit reçu en urgence sociale et le fait que le signalement provienne moins souvent de la mère. Les enjeux pour l’intervention auprès des familles autochtones et des recommandations pour les recherches futures sont discutés.
Adolescence: A Window of Opportunity for Positive Change in Mental Health
Authors: Wekerle Christine , Waechter Randall L. , Leung Eman , Leonard Monika
Published: June 2020

Adolescence is a period of development characterized by risk-taking, sensation-seeking, emotionally-inﬂuenced and independence-seeking behaviours. There is a move away from family and towards the social inﬂuences of peer groups. Emotionally-driven behaviours may override adolescents’ higher cognitive functioning during this time. Especially vulnerable are youth who have been the victim of high-impact trauma or chronic abuse and neglect. Speciﬁcally, the posttraumatic stress symptomatology that is often associated with experiences of abuse and neglect may impair the ability of youth to cope during this developmental period. This is where intervention by community workers may be used to support teens with a history of maltreatment, as they develop from children to adolescents and, ﬁnally, to adults. Part of such intervention includes violence prevention in families and in teen dating relationships, as well as directly addressing posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology. This critical developmental period of adolescence presents community workers with an opportunity to intervene and guide the development of these youth, building upon resiliency factors, such as areas of individual mastery and empowerment and participation within the community. Aboriginal youth with a history of maltreatment present a special case for community workers. These youth have been subjected to intense acculturation pressures that do not exist for other adolescent populations, which create unique problems during their transition to adulthood. In order to intervene in the most effective manner, it is necessary to understand the psychological and physiological developmental processes that are unfolding in the adolescent brain. We discuss adolescent development in general and among Aboriginal adolescents, in particular. We present ways to support both groups through these challenging periods that are empirically-based and supported by research.
Building a Collaborative Understanding of Pathways to Adolescent Alcohol Misuse in a Mi’kmaq Community: A Process Paper
Authors: Zahradnik Marc , Stevens Doreen , Stewart Sherry , Comeau M. Nancy , Wekerle Christine , Mushquash Christopher J.
Published: June 2020

In April of 2006, a team of researchers consisting of both university and community partners from a Mi’kmaq reserve in Nova Scotia began the data-collection phase of a high school-based research study that had been two years in planning. The study examines the possible relationships between youth-reported childhood maltreatment, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, alcohol misuse, and resiliency factors. The aim of the research study is to provide information about adolescent alcohol misuse that is of practical beneﬁt to community-based service providers, and capable of making a scholarly contribution to the scientiﬁc study of the relations of anxiety/mood symptoms and addictive behaviours. The primary aim of this paper is to present both the context from which the project grew, and the steps involved in conducting research with our school partners and the community service providers. A secondary aim is to present some of the preliminary data from the study, with a speciﬁc focus on resiliency.
The politics of kith and kin: Observations on the British Columbia government’s reaction to the death of Sherry Charlie
Authors: Cradock Gerald
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the events that occurred in British Columbia following the death of a First Nations child placed in a Kith and Kin arrangement. The paper, drawing extensively from internal government reports that were only just recently released to public, provides an “insider’s” view of government sponsored child welfare polices and practices in relation to First Nations child welfare agencies and the communities they serve.
Strengthening the Spirit
Authors: Torres Roxanna E.
Published: June 2020

Multisystemic Therapy [MSR] is an evidence based treatment for youth with severe psychosocial and behavioral problems. Discussed are the personal experiences of a Native American student in social work who is engaged in pursuing information on MST for Native youth and communities. Although there is still promise of its efficacy, there are questions on MST’s effectiveness, replicability, and ease of implementation as a program. There is little quantitative and qualitative information to date to support its generalizability across race - no outcome results for Native participants have been disseminated. With goals of strengthening Native families and communities, discussion includes how MST can be adapted for use and programs concerns that should be considered.
Un nuevo consumidor post-COVID-19
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: June 2020

La grave pandemia que estamos viviendo nos afecta de muchas maneras y una, sin duda, es el cambio de hábitos. Diferentes estudios que han salido a la luz estas últimas semanas afirman que estamos entrando en una nueva era protagonizada por un consumidor más consciente y que se guiará por unos nuevos valores, buscando una compra de proximidad y productos naturales. Sin ninguna duda, la publicidad y las marcas tendrán que adaptarse si no quieren desaparecer.
Calienta, publicidad, que sales
Authors: Sivera Sílvia
Published: June 2020

Entramos en fases de desescalada, lo que implica que empezarán a reactivarse muchos sectores y negocios, después de dos meses de parón obligado de la actividad habitual por la pandemia del COVID-19. Un parón durante el que, sin embargo, en muchas empresas se ha trabajado más que nunca para buscar formas alternativas de organización, producción, ventas… También las empresas publicitarias se han visto afectadas, pero a diferencia de anteriores crisis, parece que ahora se reivindican más que nunca como un jugador imprescindible para ganar este maldito partido.
MORAMO DA ZAŠTITIMO, OBEZBIJEDIMO I ODBRANIMO REPUBLIKU SRPSKU- JEDINSTVO SAD ILI NIKAD
Authors: Vejnović Duško , Armand French Laurence
Published: June 2020

Savremeni naučno-tehnološki razvoj čovječanstva omogućio je i sve veću rasprostranjenostznanja o:bezbjednosnim studijama, zaštiti, bezbjednosti i odbrani. Iako seoni, kao sveobuhvatni problem, posmatraju u svim naučnim disciplinama, nedostaje jedinstvensistemski pristup proučavanju osnovnih pojava na ovom polju. Upravo taj i takavnedostatak u sadašnjoj nauci otklanja Teorija defendologije. Posvećenost naučnommetodološkom pristupu širenju znanja o:bezbjednosnim studijama, zaštiti, bezbjednosti iodbrani, je pravac djelovanja koji mi institucionalno, naučno i obrazovno, usavršavamopreko 20 godina.
ASIAN PACIFIC – GLOBAL CONFLICT POTENTIAL
Authors: Stojanović Stanislav , Bardžić Žikica
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the Asia-Pacifi c region, which is, with its geopolitical andgeostrategic characteristics, one of the most important areas of the modern world, andthe dynamics and character of processes that take place in it have huge implications oninternational politics. The underlying hypothesis of this work is that powerful potentialsof the Asia Pacifi c open up the possibility that it will becomes a true leader of the overallprogress in the world, but the confl icts that exist in that area, of which the most destructiveterritorial disputes are, also have the potential for global scale confrontation.The geostrategic signifi cance, transport corridors, huge reserves of oil and gas,the highest concentration of human resources, as well as high technological achievementsmake the Asia Pacifi c region one of the most powerful drivers of the developmentand progress of the modern world. Such a unique position of the Asian Pacifi c contributesto a strong concentration of the interests of international politics in the region. Of course,the Asia Pacifi c is a place where the most important geopolitical and geo-strategic interestsof the most important actors of contemporary international politics are in confl ict.These circumstances make the region one of the most vulnerable areas of the modernworld in the security sense. Primary causes of the confl ict are economic as well as geostrategiccharacteristics of the area. On the top of the numerous and complex Asian issues,are confl icts between China and the US, which primarily determine the character ofrelations in the region.Authors conclude that US-Chinese rivalry and competition with a progressivetendency are unstoppable and with their complexity are hardly controlled, so there is areal danger of radicalization of their relations, with simultaneous radicalization of relationsacross the region. All these contribute to the fact that relations in the Asia Pacifi cregion are very complicated, often vague and unbalanced and potentially explosive,pushing a region of enormous strategic importance into the labyrinth of multiple instabilitywhose implications would have a powerful refl ection on security in the world. Thearrival of the new US administration announces the toughening of the US bidding withChina as its main competitor, which is causing uncertainty about future security trends inthe Asia Pacifi c region.
ТHEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND IDENTIFICATION OF GENERAL COMPETENCES OF COUNSELORS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Dukic Gordana
Published: June 2020

General competences are a dynamic combination of knowledge, understanding,skills, abilities, attitudes and values that are necessary for personal achievement anddevelopment. They are typical of every person regardless of their scope of work. Theydevelop during the period of formal education and represent the basis for further learningand development as an integral part of lifelong learning. Counselors in penal institutionshave already formed attitudes and opinions on general competences. Counselors considersystemic competences (ability to adapt to new situations, learning ability, ability forpractical application of knowledge, ability for persistence when achieving highest qualityof work and creativity) to have a slight advantage over interpersonal, instrumental andgeneral specifi c competences and to represent a fi ne basis for further learning and development.Owing to the complexity of competences and the complex process of identifi cation,testing and comparison of competences as to the fact that counselors value systemicones more, which are known to be more complex, it is advisable to check these results ona larger sample and to open a qualitative discussion on counselors’ competences in penalinstitutions within the context of lifelong learning.
PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION IN THE FIELD OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Vranješ Biljana , Tadić Vladislava
Published: June 2020

The new Law on Occupational Safety (“Offi cial Gazette of the Republic of Srpska”No. 1/08 and 13/10) in the fi eld of occupational safety brings professional examinationin the fi eld of occupational safety and health. A safety Offi cer is a person employedby the employer to carry out the supervision tasks related to the implementation of measuresfor the protection of safety and health and to provide technical assistance to employers,employees and their representatives. Research of the role of professional examinationin the fi eld of occupational safety was carried out in order to demonstrate thelevel of the implementation of knowledge in the safety and health at work system in theRepublic of Srpska. The research results will open opportunities and point out the guidelinesfor further advancement and professional training of safety offi cers.
WE MUST PROTECT, SECURE AND DEFEND THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - UNITY NOW OR NEVER
Authors: Vejnović Duško , Armand French Laurence
Published: June 2020

Modern scientifi c and technological development of mankind has enabled thedevelopment of mankind and the growing spread of knowledge about: security studies,protection, security and defense. Although they, as a comprehensive problem, are observedin all scientifi c disciplines, missing is a unique systematic approach to the study ofthe basic occurrences in this fi eld. It is this and such an insuffi ciency in the current sciencethat the Theory of Defendology removes. Commitment to scientifi c methodological approachto spreading knowledge about: security studies, protection, security and defense,is the course of action that we institutionally, by science and education, have been improvingfor over 20 years.
ПОВЕЉА КРАЉА СТЕФАНА ТОМАША ДУБРОВЧАНИМА КОЈОМ ПОТВРЂУЈЕ ПОВЕЉЕ СВОЈИХ ПРЕТХОДНИКА
Authors: Драгичевић Павле
Published: June 2020

У раду се анализира повеља босанског краља Стефана Томашакојом су Дубровчанима потврђене и загарантоване трговачке привилегије испоразуми склопљени са претходним босанским владарима. Рад садржи текстна старосрпском и превод на савремени српски језик, те неколико поглављау којима се анализирају историјске околности настанка повеље, њен физичкиопис, дипломатичке особености, као и поглавље у којем се на сажет начинобјашњавају личности које се помињу у овом документу. Дипломатичка анализапоказала је да се текст повеље у великој мјери ослања на раније споразумебосанских владара са Дубровником.
ПОВЕЉА КРАЉА СТЕФАНА ТОМАША СИНОВИМА ИВАНИША ДРАГИШИЋА
Authors: Рудић Срђан
Published: June 2020

Краљ Стефан Томаш потврђује поседе Павлу, Марку и Јурју,синовима Иваниша Драгишића, синовца Хрвоја Вукчића. Ради се о градовимаКључ, Глаж и Мрин, као и о 60 села у жупама Бањица, Сана, Глаж и Ускопље.Као гаранти заштите дестинатара јављају се црква босанска и дјед Милоје.
ONTOLOGIJA MATEMATIČKOG BIĆA U ARISTOTELOVOJ FILOZOFIJI
Authors: Janković Igor
Published: June 2020

Zadatak rada će se sastojati u analizi ontologije matematičkog bića u Aristotela. U kraćem uvodu, autor će nastojati da prikaže izvore, kao i odnos grčkih mislilaca prema matematici, koja se prvi put tretira kao nauka, tj. znanje koje je svrha samom sebi. Zatim, autor će eksplicirati Aristotelov opšti odnos prema nauci matematike, da bi se u poglavlju koje neposredno sledi prikazala ontološka analiza matematičkog predmeta. Analiza će biti proširena u prikazu odnosa problema univerzalija i odredbe prirode matematičkog predmeta kao apstrakcije, čime će postati transparentan relativan način postojanja matematičkog bića. Neposredno posle, autor će prikazati Aristotelovo poimanje prostora i vremena kao veličina koje su ujedno i mogućnosti apstrakcije matematičkog bića. Matematičke predmete ćemo, nakon apstrahovanja, posmatrati kroz prizmu kategorija, onakve kakvi su po-sebi u njihovom ontologičkom načinu postojanja.
НЕКОЛИКО ДОКУМЕНАТА О СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНОЈ БОСНИ ИЗ ЗБИРКЕ MISCELLANEA SAECULI XV ДРЖАВНОГ АРХИВА У ДУБРОВНИКУ
Authors: Исаиловић Невен
Published: June 2020

У овом чланку се доноси издање шест докумената о односимасредњовековног Дубровника и Босне са коментаром. Сви они потичу из збиркеMiscellanea saeculi XV која спада међу слабо истражене збирке Државног архивау Дубровнику. Прва три документа су задужнице босанских трговаца из Фоче(Радич Миловчић) и Праче (браћа Озрислав и Зуб Кранисалић) код дубровачкихимућних грађана Милтина Прибојевића и Антоја Бутковића, у раздобљу од 1400.до 1402. године. Четврти документ је сведочанство о истрази спроведеној 1417. опрепродаји робља и кријумчарењу соли између дубровачке територије и Босне наподручју Дријева. Пети документ је необјављени део истражног процеса противИвана Ламприног Чријевића из 1419. године, вођеног због тога што је прихватио дарвојводе Петра Павловића који је укључивао Перкино Село у Конавлима и тамошњирод Носановића. Шести документ је сведочанство о процесу против двојице влахаГргура Вукосалића Николића и двојице влаха Сандаља Хранића који су 1434. годинеотели један сребрни суд Прибију Остојићу из Црне Горе на Пељешцу.
ОРИГИНАЛНИ НАУЧНИ ДОПРИНОС РАЗВОЈУ ДИДАКТИКЕ И ИНОВИРАЊУ НАСТАВЕ
Authors: Јерковић Љиљана
Published: June 2020

Миле Илића под насловом Дидактика. У питању је први уџбеник дидактике на простору БиХ. Поред Предговора, Индекса имена, Индекса појмова, Литературе и Прилога структуриран је у 14 садржајно-логички повезаних и студиозно написаних поглавља. Респектујући критериј општост – конкретност („лијевак“), аутор полази од најопштијих питања дидактике – педагошке научне дисциплине до конкретних и оперативних питања наставе.
Percepção de usuários sobre os Polos Comunitários de atividade física em duas cidades do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Lucetti Maria Dayanne Luna , Santana Valeska Virgínia Freitas de , Vidal Eglídia Carla Figueiredo , Silva Filho José Adelmo da , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves
Published: June 2020

Introdução: A realização da prática de atividade física proporciona benefícios para a saúde e, consequentemente, para a qualidade de vida das pessoas, auxiliando na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos usuários acerca dos polos de atividade física com ênfase na estrutura, funcionamento e suporte profissional nas práticas de promoção da saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa. Os loci do estudo envolveram dois polos comunitários de atividade física, sendo um deles do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS), em distintos municípios. A amostra contou com 15 participantes, sendo 5 de um polo e 10 do outro ao qual funciona o PAS. Os dados foram coletados através da entrevista semiestruturada e sintetizados por meio de análise temática. Resultados: Observaram-se divergências em relação às falas da população sobre o polo comunitário de atividade física e sobre o polo do Programa Academia da Saúde. Foi evidenciada a ausência de profissionais para auxiliar nas práticas dos exercícios e para realizar orientações necessárias concernentes à prática da atividade. Registrou-se também que a distância entre a residência e o polo pode ser potencial incentivador ou desestimulador, uma vez que a localização dos polos distantes das residências dificulta a adesão rotineira da população à prática de atividades físicas. Conclusão: Prevalece entre os entrevistados a insatisfação sobre a organização e funcionamento dos polos comunitários de atividade física.
Fatores associados ao aleitamento materno em crianças de 6 a 23 meses de idade
Authors: Souza Thais Fernanda Sehnen de , Rauber Larissa Naiana , Melhem Angelica Rocha de Freitas , Vieira Daniele Gonçalves , Silva Catiusce Cabreira da , Saldan Paula Chuproski
Published: June 2020

Introdução: O período entre a gestação e os 24 meses de idade corresponde ao momento de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento e crescimento da criança. Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados ao aleitamento materno (AM) em crianças de 6 a 23 meses. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra Poliomielite 2012 em Guarapuava-PR com crianças de 6-23 meses, totalizando uma amostra de 1.750 indivíduos. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao AM foram construídos modelos de regressão de Poisson, obtendo-se Razões de Prevalências (RP) e Intervalos de Confiança (IC) de 95%. Modelos bivariados foram elaborados abrangendo cada uma das variáveis independentes e a variável dependente. Resultados: Os fatores independentes associados à interrupção do AM em 1.355 crianças foram: fazer uso de mamadeira (RP 4,74; IC 3,45-6,52), usar chupeta (RP 1,47; IC 1,30-1,66), não ser amamentada na primeira hora de vida (RP 1,14; IC 1,05-1,25) e a mãe trabalhar fora (RP 1,12; IC 1,01-1,24). A escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos foi um fator de proteção para a continuidade do AM (RP 0,88; IC 0,80-0,96). Conclusão: O uso de bicos, não ser amamentado na primeira hora de vida e o trabalho materno interferiram na continuidade do AM, a partir desse conhecimento é possível propor recomendações de ações de promoção do AM em nível local.
Análise de perfil epidemiológico e parâmetros ventilatórios de puérperas submetidas à ventilação mecânica por meio da tomografia por impedância elétrica
Authors: Gerhardt Nayara Oliveira Lima , Oliveira Thayssa Costa de , Almeida Ingrid da Costa Noronha de , Oliveira Rosângela Leão , Neves Pablo Fabiano Moura das , Silva Pablo Apoena Ramos Gomes da , Ferreira Reinaldo Luiz da Silva , Avila Paulo Eduardo Santos
Published: June 2020

Introdução: As doenças relacionadas à gravidez tem agravado o quadro de puérperas, que acabam fazendo uso de Ventilação Mecânica (VM) quando internadas em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A VM, apesar de trazer benefícios, está associada a efeitos deletérios que podem ser minimizados com o uso da Tomografia por Impedância Elétrica (TIE). Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e parâmetros ventilatórios de puérperas que evoluíram com Síndrome HELLP, Sepse e/ou Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo (SDRA), sob VM e monitoradas com a TIE. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal retrospectivo e prospectivo, realizado entre março e setembro de 2018, por meio de fichas de coletas preenchidas a partir de banco de dados/prontuários sociodemográficos, obstétricos e ventilatórios de puérperas internadas em UTI. Resultados: Amostra composta por 13 puérperas, oito com Sepse (61,5%), sete com Síndrome HELLP (53,8%) e quatro com SDRA (30,8%), demonstrando que cinco (38,5%) pacientes evoluíram com mais de uma dessas patologias. Acerca dos parâmetros ventilatórios avaliados, observou-se VT 378.9 (± 103.9) e que valores médios encontrados para PEEP 9.8 (±1.9) e driving pressure 11.1 (±1.4) estão abaixo dos preconizados pela literatura, predizendo menores índices de mortalidade e morbidade. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se relevância da avaliação de driving pressure no cenário da VM, parâmetro avaliado por meio da TIE e diretamente relacionado à Cst, PEEP, VT e otimização da ventilação pulmonar regional. Destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas futuras que apresentem maiores significâncias clínicas voltadas ao perfil de puérperas em relação às doenças cada vez mais frequentes nesta população.
A size principle for recruitment of Drosophila leg motor neurons
Authors: Azevedo Anthony W , Dickinson Evyn S , Gurung Pralaksha , Venkatasubramanian Lalanti , Mann Richard S , Tuthill John C
Published: June 2020

To move the body, the brain must precisely coordinate patterns of activity among diverse populations of motor neurons. Here, we use in vivo calcium imaging, electrophysiology, and behavior to understand how genetically-identified motor neurons control flexion of the fruit fly tibia. We find that leg motor neurons exhibit a coordinated gradient of anatomical, physiological, and functional properties. Large, fast motor neurons control high force, ballistic movements while small, slow motor neurons control low force, postural movements. Intermediate neurons fall between these two extremes. This hierarchical organization resembles the size principle, first proposed as a mechanism for establishing recruitment order among vertebrate motor neurons. Recordings in behaving flies confirmed that motor neurons are typically recruited in order from slow to fast. However, we also find that fast, intermediate, and slow motor neurons receive distinct proprioceptive feedback signals, suggesting that the size principle is not the only mechanism that dictates motor neuron recruitment. Overall, this work reveals the functional organization of the fly leg motor system and establishes Drosophila as a tractable system for investigating neural mechanisms of limb motor control.
Damage-responsive, maturity-silenced enhancers regulate multiple genes that direct regeneration in Drosophila
Authors: Harris Robin E , Stinchfield Michael J , Nystrom Spencer L , McKay Daniel J , Hariharan Iswar K
Published: June 2020

Like tissues of many organisms, Drosophila imaginal discs lose the ability to regenerate as they mature. This loss of regenerative capacity coincides with reduced damage-responsive expression of multiple genes needed for regeneration. We previously showed that two such genes, wg and Wnt6, are regulated by a single damage-responsive enhancer that becomes progressively inactivated via Polycomb-mediated silencing as discs mature (Harris et al., 2016). Here we explore the generality of this mechanism and identify additional damage-responsive, maturity-silenced (DRMS) enhancers, some near genes known to be required for regeneration such as Mmp1, and others near genes that we now show function in regeneration. Using a novel GAL4-independent ablation system we characterize two DRMS-associated genes, apontic (apt), which curtails regeneration and CG9752/asperous (aspr), which promotes it. This mechanism of suppressing regeneration by silencing damage-responsive enhancers at multiple loci can be partially overcome by reducing activity of the chromatin regulator extra sex combs (esc).
Synaptotagmin-1 is the Ca2+ sensor for fast striatal dopamine release
Authors: Banerjee Aditi , Lee Jinoh , Nemcova Paulina , Liu Changliang , Kaeser Pascal S
Published: June 2020

Dopamine powerfully controls neural circuits through neuromodulation. In the vertebrate striatum, dopamine adjusts cellular functions to regulate behaviors across broad time scales, but how the dopamine secretory system is built to support fast and slow neuromodulation is not known. Here, we set out to identify Ca2+-triggering mechanisms for dopamine release. We find that synchronous dopamine secretion is abolished in acute brain slices of conditional knockout mice in which Synaptotagmin-1 is removed from dopamine neurons. This indicates that Synaptotagmin-1 is the Ca2+ sensor for fast dopamine release. Remarkably, dopamine release induced by strong depolarization and asynchronous release during stimulus trains are unaffected by Synaptotagmin-1 knockout. Microdialysis further reveals that these modes and action potential-independent release provide significant amounts of extracellular dopamine in vivo. We propose that the molecular machinery for dopamine secretion has evolved to support fast and slow signaling modes, with fast release requiring the Ca2+ sensor Synaptotagmin-1.
Functional specification of CCK+ interneurons by alternative isoforms of Kv4.3 auxiliary subunits
Authors: Oláh Viktor János , Lukacsovich David , Winterer Jochen , Arszovszki Antónia , Lőrincz Andrea , Nusser Zoltan , Földy Csaba , Szabadics János
Published: June 2020

CCK-expressing interneurons (CCK+INs) are crucial for controlling hippocampal activity. We found two firing phenotypes of CCK+INs in rat hippocampal CA3 area; either possessing a previously undetected membrane potential-dependent firing or regular firing phenotype, due to different low-voltage-activated potassium currents. These different excitability properties destine the two types for distinct functions, because the former is essentially silenced during realistic 8–15 Hz oscillations. By contrast, the general intrinsic excitability, morphology and gene-profiles of the two types were surprisingly similar. Even the expression of Kv4.3 channels were comparable, despite evidences showing that Kv4.3-mediated currents underlie the distinct firing properties. Instead, the firing phenotypes were correlated with the presence of distinct isoforms of Kv4 auxiliary subunits (KChIP1 vs. KChIP4e and DPP6S). Our results reveal the underlying mechanisms of two previously unknown types of CCK+INs and demonstrate that alternative splicing of few genes, which may be viewed as a minor change in the cells’ whole transcriptome, can determine cell-type identity.
Identification of DEGs and transcription factors involved in H. pylori-associated inflammation and their relevance with gastric cancer
Authors: Yin Honghao , Chu Aining , Liu Songyi , Yuan Yuan , Gong Yuehua
Published: June 2020

Background

Previous studies have indicated that chronic inflammation linked to H. pylori infection is the leading causes for gastric cancer (GC). However, the exact mechanism is not entirely clear until now.

Purpose

To identify the key molecules and TFs involved in H. pylori infection and to provide new insights into H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis and lay the groundwork for the prevention of GC.

Results

GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs of Hp+-NAG were mainly associated with the immune response, chemokine activity, extracellular region and rheumatoid arthritis pathway. The DEGs of Hp+-AG-IM were related to the apical plasma membrane, intestinal cholesterol absorption, transporter activity and fat digestion and absorption pathway. In Hp+-NAG network, the expression of TNF, CXCL8, MMP9, CXCL9, CXCL1, CCL20, CTLA4, CXCL2, C3, SAA1 and FOXP3, JUN had statistical significance between normal and cancer in TCGA database. In Hp+-AG-IM network the expression of APOA4, GCG, CYP3A4, XPNPEP2 and FOXP3, JUN were statistically different in the comparison of normal and cancer in TCGA database. FOXP3 were negatively associated with overall survival, and the association for JUN was positive.

Conclusion

The current study identified key DEGs and their transcriptional regulatory networks involved in H. pylori-associated NAG, AG-IM and GC and found that patients with higher expressed FOXP3 or lower expressed JUN had shorter overall survival time. Our study provided new directions for inflammation-associated oncogenic transformation involved in H. pylori infection.
Real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lau Yee Ling , Ismail Ilyiana , Mustapa Nur Izati , Lai Meng Yee , Tuan Soh Tuan Suhaila , Hassan Afifah , Peariasamy Kalaiarasu M. , Lee Yee Leng , Chong Yoong Min , Sam I-Ching , Goh Pik Pin
Published: June 2020

Background

Highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods have been developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, they are costly. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has emerged as a novel alternative isothermal amplification method for the detection of nucleic acid.

Methods

A rapid, sensitive and specific real-time reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Results

This assay detected one copy/reaction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 30 min. Both the clinical sensitivity and specificity of this assay were 100%. The RT-LAMP showed comparable performance with RT-qPCR. Combining simplicity and cost-effectiveness, this assay is therefore recommended for use in resource resource-limited settings.
Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Pequeno Pedro , Mendel Bruna , Rosa Clarissa , Bosholn Mariane , Souza Jorge Luiz , Baccaro Fabricio , Barbosa Reinaldo , Magnusson William
Published: June 2020

There is evidence that COVID-19, the disease caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is sensitive to environmental conditions. However, such conditions often correlate with demographic and socioeconomic factors at larger spatial extents, which could confound this inference. We evaluated the effect of meteorological conditions (temperature, solar radiation, air humidity and precipitation) on 292 daily records of cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases across the 27 Brazilian capital cities during the 1st month of the outbreak, while controlling for an indicator of the number of tests, the number of arriving flights, population density, proportion of elderly people and average income. Apart from increasing with time, the number of confirmed cases was mainly related to the number of arriving flights and population density, increasing with both factors. However, after accounting for these effects, the disease was shown to be temperature sensitive: there were more cases in colder cities and days, and cases accumulated faster at lower temperatures. Our best estimate indicates that a 1 °C increase in temperature has been associated with a decrease in confirmed cases of 8%. The quality of the data and unknowns limit the analysis, but the study reveals an urgent need to understand more about the environmental sensitivity of the disease to predict demands on health services in different regions and seasons.
The Perception of School Heads and Teachers on Challenges of Effective Management of Public-Boarding Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Matthew Ige Akindele
Published: June 2020

The study investigated the perception of school heads and teachers on challenges of effective management of public-boarding schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. It involved the use of the 23 public-boarding schools in the State. All the 23 schools were used while 6 government appointed and full-time teachers (3 males and 3 females) were selected from each school, which totaled 138 teachers. The teachers were selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. 2 research questions were raised and 2 hypotheses formulated while descriptive-survey design was adopted. Data were gathered using a self-developed 13-item questionnaire, validated and tested for reliability (r= 0.90) and analysed using frequency count, tables, percentage, mean, as well as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while the hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistic. The study found inadequate food, high cost of food items, indiscipline of pupils/students, theft of boarding materials, invasion of school by hoodlums, lack of/inadequate provision of security guards, erratic power supply, among others, as the challenges facing effective management of public-boarding schools in the state. Also, no significant difference was found in the perception of male and female school heads, school heads and teachers, on the challenges of effective management of boarding schools. Based on the challenges found, it can be concluded that all is not well with public-boarding schools in the State. The need for administrators of boarding schools to make the environment very conducive for pupils/students and for government to formulate policies which will address the challenges of effective management of boarding schools, among others, are recommended.
An Estimate of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Grain Yield and Yield Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Jaiswal Ranjana , Gaur S. C. , Jaiswal Sunil K. , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2020

Problem: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the principal cereal crops grown worldwide and one of the important staples of nearly 2.5 billion of world population. India ranks second position in terms of both in area and production after china. The substantial improvement in production is utmost necessary to feed the growing population.

Objective: In India, wheat requirement by 2030 has been estimated at 100 million metric tons and to achieve this target, wheat production can be increased either through horizontal approach i.e. by the increasing area under cultivation or through vertical approach i.e. varietal/ hybrid improvement. For effective selection and utilization of superior genotype in the germplasm lines, knowledge of genetic parameters such as genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance is essential.

Materials and Methods: The experimental material comprised of ten parents, their 45 F1s and 45 F2s developed by the crossing of 10 parents viz. HUW 510, HUW 234, HUW 468, UP 2338, HD 2402, RAJ 1972, HD 2329, LOK-1, SONALIKA and K 65 in half-diallel programme to study the fourteen characters. The final trial of F1, F2 including parents was conducted during Rabi 2014-15 with three replications employing Randomized Complete Block Design at Research Farm, BRDPG College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Result: Wider range of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for all the traits in F1 generation ranged from 2.19 (days to 50% flowering) to 13.47 (leaf area index) while, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 1.50 (days to 50% flowering) to 11.28 (leaf area index). High heritability was observed in both F1 and F2 generation for leaf area index and day to maturity while, moderate to low level of heritability was recorded for other characters. The high value of genetic advance was not recorded in both F1 and F2 generation. Only moderate to the low value of genetic advance was observed for all the fourteen characters under study.

Conclusion: Estimate of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation of fourteen characters in both generations reveals sufficient variability indicating ample scope for genetic improvement of these traits through selection. Moderate level of heritability accompanied with a moderate level of genetic advance was observed for plant height, leaf area index, days to maturity and grain yield per plant in both F1 and F2 generation indicates additive gene effect and selection may be effective.
Chemical Compostions of Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (Lamiaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Chung Nguyen Thanh , Huong Le Thi , Dai Do Ngoc , Ogunwande Isiaka Ajani
Published: June 2020

Aims: This present study described the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential oils hydrodistiled from the leaves and flowers of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

Study Design: This research was designed to accommodate different stages such as collection of authentic sample of Hyptis suaveolens, obtain essential oil by hydrodistillation, chemical analysis of the oil samples by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and screening of the essential oils for antimicrobial activity.

Place and Duration of Study: School of Natural Science, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam, between August and December 2018.

Methodology: The leaves and flowers of H. suaveolens used for this study were gotten from Đồng Văn Commune, Pù Hoạt Nature Reserve, Vietnam. The collection was done in December 2018. Essential oils were distilled off using hydrodistillation method according to established procedure. The determination of antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils of H. suaveolens will be achieved by the method of microdilution broth susceptibility assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and IC50 were evaluated accordingly.

Results: The major compounds in the oil were b-caryophyllene (31.1% and 33.7%), caryophyllene oxide (17.6% and 3.9%), phytol (9.9% and 2.7%) and a-humulene (6.7% and 6.6%), respectively. The leaf oil displayed strong antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC299212, Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 and Candida albicans ATCC10231 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 16.0, 32.0 and 16.0 µg/mL respectively, while the IC50 values were 5.78, 9.35 and 6.78 µg/mL, respectively. The flower oil showed activity  towards the same organisms with MIC values of 64.0, 64.0 and 16.0 µg/mL, respectively;   with IC50 values of 20.45, 26.78 and 6.78 µg/mL, respectively. Both essential oils exhibited moderate activity towards Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 with MIC of 256.0 µg/mL.

Conclusion: The results are indication of the potential of H. suaveolens essential oils as source of antimicrobial agents.
Regenerative Endodontics – Looking Inward
Authors: Mallishery Shivani , Shah Tanvi
Published: June 2020

Regenerative endodontics has become a revolutionizing tissue engineering concept in the treatment of immature permanent teeth for over two decades. It has been described as a ‘paradigm shift’ in the treatment of immature teeth, since it fosters continued root maturation. An immature necrotic permanent tooth is usually a result of trauma or infection due to which the tooth becomes non-vital before completing root development. In such cases, the root walls are left thin and weak with an open apex. Traditional apexification procedures may resolve pathology but have not been able to prove tooth survival due to absence of continued root development and risk of root fracture. A successful regenerative endodontic procedure (REP) results in resolution of signs and symptoms of pathology, radiographic signs of healing, proof of continued root development as well as presence of pulp vitality due to the regeneration of pulp tissue in the root canal. Various stem cells, growth factors, scaffolds and suitable environment form the tetrad of elements necessary to induce regeneration of dental pulp. While there has been some success in isolating dental pulp cells with in-vitro experiments, it has been proven to be rather difficult to implement the same in a practical perspective ex vivo. Although there has been clinical success related to REP, histologically they seem to undergo guided endodontic repair rather than true regeneration of physiologic pulp tissue. This review provides an overview of components of tissue engineering, clinical protocol and predictable outcomes for REP and recent advances in regenerative dentistry.
Effect of Caffeine on Contrast Sensitivity among Young Adults of Abia State University
Authors: Obinna Anyatonwu Princewill , Ihesiulor Chikezie Grand , Udo Ubani Ahanna
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in the world. Several experts suggest that moderate use of caffeine (300 mg or equivalent to 3 cups or less to regular size cups of coffee per day) is safe and so not likely to cause health issues. Intake of caffeine has been suggested to affect the visual system. This study examined the effect of consumption of caffeine on contrast sensitivity of the eye among young adults of Abia State University students within the age range of 17-30 yrs.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and was carried out within the confinement of Abia State University Eye Clinic. A total of 100 young adults consisting of an equal number of males and females were measured using the Rabin’s contrast sensitivity at baseline, 30 mins until 120 mins. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Chi-square statistical analysis was used to analyze statistically the research hypotheses at 95% level of significance.

Results: The findings of this study reveal that mean contrast sensitivity values for 16 to less than 20 years old were 1.70 at baseline and increased to 1.79, 1.89, 1.93 except at 120 minutes post-ingestion of caffeine. In males and females, contrast sensitivity increased by 1.57%, 3.7%, 5.3% and 10.7%, 20.7% 23.3% respectively. At 95% confidence level, caffeine ingestion had a significant effect on contrast sensitivity for both males (4.79) and females (5.8).

Conclusion: This study depicts that the ingestion of caffeine affects or increases contrast sensitivity in both males and females although this effect is short-lived.
Detection and Public Health Risk of Salmonella Species Contaminating Different Water Sources in Keffi, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu M. O. , Azamu I. G. , Yakubu A. H. , Sani A. M.
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to detect Salmonella species and evaluate the public health implications from different water sources in Keffi, Central Nigeria. A total of 100 water samples, 25 each of well, public borehole, tap and sachet water were collected from different locations within the Metropolis and analysed using standard microbiological techniques. Of which 38(38.0%) of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella species. The frequency of isolation shows that well water is the most contaminated, 18(72.0%), followed by borehole water, 10(40.0%), tap water, 7(28.0%), while sachet water is the least contaminated with an isolation rate of 3(12.0%). The total bacterial count ranged between 1.0–6.2 ×103 cfu/ml, while the Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 0.2–2.8×103 cfu/ml. The total bacterial count of 6.2×103 cfu/ml was recorded for well water, 2.2×103 cfu/ml for borehole water, 1.2×103 cfu/ml for tap water and 1.0×103 cfu/ml for sachet water, while highest Salmonella/Shigella count of 2.8×103 cfu/ml was recorded for well water. The pH for well and borehole water were slightly acidic, although that of tap (7.0) and sachet water (7.5) were within permissible limits. The temperature for the water samples were between 25°C–28°C. Meanwhile, turbidity was highest for well water (0.36NTU), in the same vain, total dissolved solid was highest for well water (16.12 mg/l) and lowest for sachet water (0.02 mg/l); while hardness of water was highest amongst the well water samples analysed with a measurement of 48.14 mg/l. The chemical properties of the water samples analysed showed the highest measurements of 6.80 mg/l, 0.78 mg/l and 3.48 mg/l of magnesium, iron and sulphate for well water respectively. Consequently, the presence of microbial contaminants particularly enteric pathogens is indicative of faecal contamination and this can lead to adverse health effects, including gastrointestinal illness and typhoid fever. Therefore, water in Keffi should be properly treated before consumption while boreholes and wells should be dug far away from latrines and septic tanks so as to avoid cross-contamination by faecal materials.
Social media reduce users' moral sensitivity: Online shaming as a possible consequence
Authors: Ge Xiaoyu
Published: June 2020

In this study, we propose that social media reduce users' moral sensitivity through the mediation of the perceived moral intensity of hostile comments, which leads to behavioral consequences for online shaming. Three separate studies were conducted to explore this statement. Study 1 (N = 160) compared moral sensitivity between participants in simulated social media situations and a control group. Study 2 (N = 412) tested the mediating role of perceived moral intensity through self‐rated questionnaires. Study 3 (N = 295) examined the behavioral consequences of reduced moral sensitivity on online shaming by manipulating social media and perceived moral intensity. Across these three studies with their different methodologies, we found consistent support for our prediction that social media reduce users' moral sensitivity. Also, our findings shed light on perceived moral intensity as a mediator. As expected, less perceived moral intensity and less moral sensitivity (as serial mediators) induced by social media led to a higher tendency to participate in online shaming. In addition, our research suggests that the harmful effects of social media could be restricted by improving users' perceived moral intensity in the form of reminders. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism of cyberviolence on social media and also contribute to the literature on the antecedents and consequences of moral sensitivity.