bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phase I Study of Clofarabine With Multiagent Chemotherapy in Childhood High Risk Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (VANDEVOL Study of the French SFCE Acute Leukemia Committee)
Authors: Nelken Brigitte , Cave Helene , Leverger Guy , Galambrun Claire , Plat Genevieve , Schmitt Claudine , Thomas Caroline , Vérité Cécile , Brethon Benoit , Gandemer Virginie , Bertrand Yves , Baruchel André , Rohrlich Pierre
Published: September 2015

Background

Current outcome of very early relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children remains poor. As a single agent, clofarabine provided a response rate of 26% in childhood ALL second relapse and, in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide, a 44% complete remission and complete remission without platelet recovery (CR+CRp) rate. Further multi‐drug combinations need to be investigated. We used the VANDA regimen as a template, cytarabine being replaced by clofarabine.

Patients and methods

A phase I study combining escalating doses of clofarabine (25% increments from 20 to 40 mg/m2/d) with fixed doses of mitoxantrone, etoposide, asparaginase, and dexamethasone was undertaken in children presenting with very early or second or post‐transplant ALL relapse.

Results

Twenty patients were enrolled, 19 were evaluable. Four patients had previously been allografted. Dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) appeared at dose level 3 (32 mg/m2), one out of six patients experienced a liver DLT. At dose level 4 (40 mg/m2), four DLT occurred (two fungal infection and two liver DLT). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of clofarabine was thus determined to be 32 mg/m2. There was no toxic death. Eleven (57.9%) patients achieved a CR. Six patients proceeded to allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusion

Clofarabine MTD was 32 mg/m2/d in this combination which appeared feasible and effective in this population. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Research progress on bio‐based thermosetting resins
Authors: Ma Songqi , Li Tingting , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhu Jin
Published: September 2015

Compared with the rapid progress on bio‐based thermoplastics, research on bio‐based thermosetting resins should have attracted much more attention, considering that they will have a bright future. In this paper, the current research progress on bio‐based thermosetting resins is reviewed. We pay special attention to the synthesis and investigation of properties of epoxies and unsaturated polyesters derived from renewable plant oil, cardanol, rosin acid, lignin, glycerol, gallic acid, furan, isosorbide, itaconic acid, etc. This mini review gives an overall perspective for bio‐based thermosets.© 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of irradiation by ultraviolet light on ureido‐pyrimidinone based biomaterials
Authors: Mollet Björne B. , Nakano Yoko , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , Spiering A. J. H. , Vekemans Jef A. J. M. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Meijer E. W.
Published: September 2015

Supramolecular polymers based on ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy) represent a promising class of biocompatible materials for medical applications. Here, the chemical modification effect of UV irradiation, used to sterilize these materials, is studied. Besides anticipated crosslinking effects, UV irradiation causes telechelic UPy‐polymers to become fluorescent. UPy‐model compounds confirm a relation between UV‐induced changes and the UPy‐moiety. UV‐induced fluorescence and IR‐spectral changes are (partially) reversible by heat and/or solvent treatment. The results indicate the presence of at least two distinct UV‐induced molecular species. UPy‐model compounds with specific tautomeric forms directly relate fluorescence to UPy‐enol tautomers. Photo‐enolization is hypothesized to occur via an excited‐state intermolecular double proton transfer. Changes in UPy‐tautomeric equilibrium and crosslinking are factors that influence the dynamics of UPy‐based materials. Identification and understanding of such factors will aid in the successful application of these materials, for example as biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 81–90
Palliative care and spiritual well‐being in lung cancer patients and family caregivers
Authors: Sun Virginia , Kim Jae Y. , Irish Terry L. , Borneman Tami , Sidhu Rupinder K. , Klein Linda , Ferrell Betty
Published: September 2015

Background

Spiritual well‐being is an important dimension of quality of life (QOL) and is a core component of quality oncology and palliative care. In this analysis, we aimed to describe spiritual well‐being outcomes in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐supported Program Project that tested the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention in lung cancer patients and their family caregivers (FCGs).

Methods

Patients undergoing treatments for NSCLC and their FCGs were enrolled in a prospective, quasi‐experimental study. Patients and FCGs in the intervention group were presented at interdisciplinary care meetings and received four educational sessions that included one session focused on spiritual well‐being. Spiritual well‐being for patients was measured using the FACIT‐Sp‐12, and FCG spiritual well‐being was measured using the COH‐QOL‐FCG spiritual well‐being subscale. Multivariate analysis of covariance was undertaken for subscale and item scores at 12 weeks, controlling for baseline, by religious affiliations (yes or no) and group assignment.

Results

Religiously affiliated patients reported better scores in the Faith subscale and items on finding strength and comfort in faith and spiritual beliefs compared to non‐affiliated patients. Non‐affiliated patients had better scores for feeling a sense of harmony within oneself. By group, patients who received the intervention had significantly better scores for the Meaning/Peace subscale.

Conclusions

Our findings support the multidimensionality of spiritual well‐being that includes constructs such as meaning and faith for lung cancer patients and FCGs with or without religious affiliations. Palliative care interventions should include content that targets the spiritual needs of both patients and FCGs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family involvement for breast cancer decision making among Chinese–American women
Authors: Lee Shiuyu Katie C. , Knobf M. Tish
Published: September 2015

Background

To describe family involvement in decision making for primary treatment in Chinese–American women with early‐stage breast cancer.

Methods

Qualitative data were collected in 2003 from semi‐structured questions in interviews with a sample of Chinese–American (ChA) women with breast cancer, who were recruited from the metropolitan New York area. Responses to the questions were written in Chinese immediately during the interview and read back to the subject for accuracy and validation. Content analysis was used to inductively code and analyze the data to generate themes.

Results

The participants consisted of 123 ChA women with early stage breast cancer with a mean age of 48.7 years (±9.3) and who had lived in the United States a median of 13.6 years. Support and Caring was the major theme that described family involvement in the breast cancer decision‐making process. Gathering Information, Being There, Navigating the Health Care System, Maintaining Family Life and Making the Decision described the aspects of family support in the process. The majority of women described the treatment decision making as a collaborative supportive process with the family, but limited English fluency, strong opinions, lack of a shared perspective, distant living proximity and competing work responsibilities of family members were stressful for the women and perceived as non‐supportive.

Conclusions

Family involvement in health care decision making is culturally embedded in Asian populations. Culturally sensitive patient and family consultation strategies are needed to assist informed treatment decision making in Chinese–American women diagnosed with breast cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete orientational access for semipolar GaN devices on sapphire
Authors: Leung Benjamin , Wang Dili , Kuo Yu‐Sheng , Han Jung
Published: September 2015

Semipolar () GaN light‐emitting diodes and () GaN films are demonstrated on sapphire substrates. The processes developed here embody all the required steps in order to produce planar semipolar devices on sapphire substrates with complete control of the crystallographic orientation. Theoretical and experimentally observed aspects of semipolar materials and devices on bulk substrates are reviewed, including device performance and orientation‐dependent material properties. This summary motivates the use of particular semipolar orientations having Miller indices (hkil), with l < 0, such as () and (). These orientations have not, as of yet, been shown to be obtained using sapphire substrates. With the appropriate nitridation and buffer layer growth condition on stripe‐patterned sapphire, high quality single crystal () GaN films have been achieved. Demonstration of surface planarization, device layer regrowth, and LED operation, performed here on semipolar () GaN, detail the processes to enable planar semipolar‐based devices on sapphire with these unique orientations. With these advances, the required foundation has been put into place to allow access to the potentially highest performance semipolar planes while using economically feasible, large area sapphire substrates.

Processes to produce () LED devices (top left) on GaN films grown on full 2″ sapphire substrates (bottom left) are described in this paper. The achievement of () GaN paves the way toward achieving full orientational access on sapphire substrates (right).
Laser‐induced magnetisation dynamics in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices
Authors: Razdolski Ilya , Subkhangulov Ruslan R. , Gheorghe Diana G. , Bern Francis , Vrejoiu Ionela , Kimel Alexey V. , Kirilyuk Andrei , Ziese Michael , Rasing Theo
Published: September 2015

Laser‐induced magnetisation dynamics of a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattice is studied by means of a single‐colour optical pump‐probe technique. Significant differences in the magnetisation dynamics of a superlattice with respect to the single layers of constituent materials are demonstrated. Below the Curie temperature TC of SrRuO3, laser‐induced ultrafast demagnetisation is found to be followed by a uniform precession of the magnetisation around its new equilibrium. The data is described within a simple model based on a displacive excitation of a precessional magnetisation dynamics. The model is shown to give a good fit to the experimental data. As the initial temperature approaches TC, the oscillations get suppressed and eventually vanish. The magnetisation dynamics is shown to depend on whether the two distinct magnetisation vectors in the superlattice are ferromagnetically or antiferromagnetically aligned. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of the surface chemical treatment on the properties of a sol–gel film on AA1050
Authors: Deflorian F. , Fedel M.
Published: September 2015

Silane sol–gel coatings have been widely studied as a potential strategy to protect aluminium and aluminium alloys components and were proved to be suitable both as a chemical conversion treatment alone and as a coupling agent between the underling substrate and an organic coating. Compared with many aluminium alloys, only little investigation was carried out on the application of sol–gel coatings on AA1XXX. Despite pure aluminium shows lower mechanical resistance with respect to aluminium alloys, however, the high thermal conductivity makes it suitable in a huge variety of applications, such as heat exchanger constructions as well as cooling systems. The present work is devoted to the study of the effect of the surface chemical pretreatment on the structural and corrosion protection properties of a hybrid sol–gel film. Different surface chemical treatments of the 1050 aluminium alloy prior sol–gel deposition were tested: alkaline etch, acidic passivation and boiling water immersion (to promote the formation of pseudo‐boehmite). Films of 1 :1 molar ratio of GLYMO : MTES were obtained on AA1050 from a 5wt% solution in acidified water. The effect of the chemical surface treatment on the AA1050 substrate was investigated both in terms of morphology by means of scanning electron microscopy and in terms of surface chemistry by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) exploiting attenuated total reflectance (ATR) geometry. The structure and the chemical properties of the different coatings were investigated by means of FT‐IR. The characterization of the different protective coatings was carried out by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and potentiodynamic curves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Imaginings”: Reflections on Plurilingual Students’ Creative Multimodal Works
Authors: Stille Saskia , Prasad Gail
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the potential contribution of a multimodal approach to English language teaching and learning in the educational context. Collaborating with English as a second language (ESL) and classroom teachers to explore ways to improve pedagogy in multilingual, multicultural schools, the authors discovered many teachers who used the creation of multimodal texts as a core instructional strategy to go beyond basic approaches to language teaching and learning. In particular, these teachers used the creation of multimodalidentity texts(Cummins & Early, 2011) as a means to involve students in producing work that was culturally relevant, socially significant, and personally meaningful. To illustrate these possibilities, the article draws on examples of student‐ and teacher‐created multimodal texts that were showcased at a regional conference forESLteachers in Ontario in 2012 and 2014. Through interviews with students and teachers, the authors found that students actively used multimodal resources to represent and articulate personal narratives of themselves, their communities, and their language learning experiences. These narratives reflect students not only as language learners but also, more powerfully, as plurilingual subjects with voice and agency. The authors conclude by reflecting on the potential for plurilingual multimodal production in the English language classroom as a form of teaching for social justice.
Prenatal diagnosis of left ventricular diverticulum and coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Hunter L. E. , Pushparajah K. , Miller O. , Anderson D. , Simpson J. M.
Published: September 2015

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum (LVD) is a rare abnormality of the myocardium which has been detected previously in the fetus. Lesions have been reported from as early as 12 weeks' gestation but are more commonly detected in the mid‐second trimester. Fetal presentation of LVD ranges from an abnormal four‐chamber view of the heart, arrhythmia or isolated pericardial effusion to fetal hydrops with associated heart failure. Here, we describe the prenatal diagnosis of an infant with LVD originating from the left ventricular outflow tract associated with coarctation of the aorta. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by two‐dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesize that the lesion compromised antegrade flow into the transverse aortic arch, which may have contributed to underdevelopment of the aortic arch and subsequently the development of coarctation of the aorta. This is a unique case of LVD and coarctation of the aorta. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A 1,2,4‐Triazole‐based Polynuclear Mixed‐valence MnIIMnIII Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Property
Authors: Liu Hui , Sui Xin , Zhang Jingyan
Published: September 2015

A mixed‐valence Mn complex {[MnIIMnIII(HL)2(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)2]·(ClO4)(DMF)3(4,4′‐bpy)0.5}n (1) [H2L = 3‐(2‐phenol)‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole] was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis and magnetic susceptibility. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that complex 1 has a dinuclear core, in which adjacent central MnIII atoms are linked by 4,4′‐bipyridine to form an infinite one‐dimensional (1D) molecular configuration. According to the Mn surrounding bond lengths and bond valence sum (BVS) calculations, we demonstrated that the Mn atom coordinated to the pyridine N atoms is in the +2 oxidation state, while another Mn atom coordinated to the phenolic oxygen atoms is in the +3 oxidation state. Magnetic susceptibility data of the complex 1 indicate that the ferromagnetic interaction dominates in this complex.
A New Energetic Complex [Co(2,4,3‐tpt)2(H2O)2]·2NO3: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Thermal Decomposition for Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Li Bing , Han Jing , Yang Qingfeng , Tian Xianyan , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: September 2015

The energetic complex, [Co(2,4,3‐tpt)2(H2O)2]·2NO3 (1) [2,4,3‐tpt = 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐ 4‐(4'‐pyridyl)‐5‐(3′‐pyridyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole], was synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, elemental analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. The title complex is a 0D motif with a unit of [Co(2,4,3‐tpt)2(H2O)2]2+, whereas NO3– ions not only act as counter anions to balance the charge of the CoII cations, but also provide hydrogen bond interactions, which make the 0D motif into a 1D chain. Furthermore, the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with complex 1 was explored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) over the temperature range from 50–500 °C. AP is completely decomposed in a shorter time in the presence of complex 1, and the decomposition heat of the mixture is 2.143 kJ g–1, significantly higher than pure AP. By Kissinger's method, the ratio of Ea/ln(A) is 11.87 for the mixture, which indicates that complex 1 shows good catalytic activity toward AP decomposition.
Debonding fracture of bonded bimaterial semi‐strips subjected to concentrated forces and couples
Authors: Hasebe Norio , Kato Seiji
Published: September 2015

Debonding fracture of a bimaterial strip with two interfaces is investigated subjected to concentrated forces and couples. In the previous paper (ZAMM, see below), closed form stress functions were derived for the bonded bimaterial planes with two interfaces. As a demonstration of geometry, semi‐strips bonded at two places of the ends of strips subjected to concentrated forces and couples were analyzed. Using the stress function, the stress intensities of debonding (SID) are obtained. To investigate the accuracy of SID calculated by the stress function, a comparison with the results obtained by a boundary element analysis is carried out and it is confirmed that they agree well each other. It is stated that SID is the square root of the strain energy release rate and the same as the strain energy release rate for evaluating the strength of the fracture. Then the debonding extension behaviors are investigated for some initial debonding states and three loading conditions, concentrated forces, couples and both combined loadings, using SID. Expressions to calculate SID for arbitrary loading magnitudes are derived. Fatigue growth of debonding under cyclic loading is also investigated, using Paris law regarding fatigue.
Fire‐stimulated reproduction in the resprouting, non‐serotinous conifer Podocarpus drouynianus (Podocarpaceae): the impact of a changing fire regime
Authors: Nield Andrew P. , Enright Neal J. , Ladd Philip G.
Published: September 2015

Species with fire stimulated reproduction (fsr) are common in Mediterranean climate ecosystems. We investigated how season of, and time since, fire affects seed production in Podocarpus drouynianus F. Muell., a dioecious resprouting coniferous shrub endemic to the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Sm.) forests of southwestern Australia, and if the now largely managed fire regime in these forests poses a risk to its persistence. We hypothesised that, like other species showing fsr, seed production in P. drouynianus would be limited to the first few years following fire and seed set would be lower after spring burns. Mature plants regenerated rapidly from buried stem tissue (lignotuber) after fire, producing abundant sporophylls in autumn 12–18 months later. Stands burnt in autumn showed peak seed production 1 year later, while for those burned in spring, peak seed production was delayed until the second autumn after fire. Limited seed production occurred for up to 3 years following fire, but no seed production was observed in longer unburnt (>10 years since fire) stands. While we did not observe a significant impact of fire season on seed production, seed weight and viability were lower for spring‐burnt plants. Population‐level effects associated with plant density may also have negative impacts on P. drouynianus demography, with females within a small population burnt in autumn producing very few seeds 12 months following fire. Interactions between climate change, fire regimes and fire management practices need to be considered in order to best safeguard the long‐term persistence of this conifer species.
EasyClone 2.0: expanded toolkit of integrative vectors for stable gene expression in industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Stovicek Vratislav , Borja Gheorghe M , Forster Jochen , Borodina Irina
Published: September 2015

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the key cell factories for production of chemicals and active pharmaceuticals. For large-scale fermentations, particularly in biorefinery applications, it is desirable to use stress-tolerant industrial strains. However, such strains are less amenable for metabolic engineering than the standard laboratory strains. To enable easy delivery and overexpression of genes in a wide range of industrial S. cerevisiae strains, we constructed a set of integrative vectors with long homology arms and dominant selection markers. The vectors integrate into previously validated chromosomal locations via double cross-over and result in homogenous stable expression of the integrated genes, as shown for several unrelated industrial strains. Cre-mediated marker rescue is possible for removing markers positioned on different chromosomes. To demonstrate the applicability of the presented vector set for metabolic engineering of industrial yeast, we constructed xylose-utilizing strains overexpressing xylose isomerase, xylose transporter and five genes of the pentose phosphate pathway.
House dust mites possess a polymorphic, single domain putative peptidoglycan d,l endopeptidase belonging to the NlpC/P60 Superfamily
Authors: Tang Vivian H. , Stewart Geoffrey A. , Chang Barbara J.
Published: September 2015

A 14 kDa protein homologous to the γ‐d‐glutamyl‐l‐diamino acid endopeptidase members of the NlpC/P60 Superfamily has been described in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae but it is not clear whether other species produce homologues. Bioinformatics revealed homologous genes in other Sarcopteformes mite species (Psoroptes ovis and Blomia tropicalis) but not in Tetranychus urticae and Metaseiulus occidentalis. The degrees of identity (similarity) between the D. pteronyssinus mature protein and those from D. farinae, P. ovis and B. tropicalis were 82% (96%), 77% (93%) and 61% (82%), respectively. Phylogenetic studies showed the mite proteins were monophyletic and shared a common ancestor with both actinomycetes and ascomycetes. The gene encoding the D. pteronyssinus protein was polymorphic and intronless in contrast to that reported for D. farinae. Homology studies suggest that the mite, ascomycete and actinomycete proteins are involved in the catalysis of stem peptide attached to peptidoglycan. The finding of a gene encoding a P60 family member in the D. pteronyssinus genome together with the presence of a bacterial promotor suggests an evolutionary link to one or more prokaryotic endosymbionts.
Use of the Burch–Schneider cage and structural allografts in complex acetabular deficiency: 3‐ to 10‐year follow up
Authors: Hsu Chieh‐Cheng , Hsu Chi‐Hsiang , Yen Shih‐Hsiang , Wang Jun‐Wen
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to evaluate retrospectively the clinical outcomes and complications of structural allografts and Burch–Schneider antiprotrusio cages to treat severe acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Between July 2003 and December 2010, 29 patients (representing 31 hips) underwent revision THA using structural allografts and Burch–Schneider cages for acetabular reconstruction. The patients had a mean age of 59 years (range, 37–79 years). Seventeen hips had a Paprosky IIIA defect, 12 hips had a IIIB defect, and two hips had a pelvic discontinuity (PD) acetabular defect. After a mean follow up of 5.5 years (range, 3.0–10.5 years), all patients, except for two patients with recurrent infections, significantly improved, based on the mean Harris hip score (30 points vs. 67 points, p < 0.001) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) score (65 points vs. 32 points, p < 0.001). Using re‐revision surgery as the endpoint, the cage had a survival rate of 76% [95%, confidence interval (CI), 67.4–84.6%] at 5 years and 57% (95% CI, 39.3–74.7%) at 10 years. Other complications included hip dislocation [3 (9.7%) hips]; deep infection [3 (9.7%) hips]; and sciatic nerve impingement, vesicle‐acetabular fistula, and leg lengthening [1 (3.2%) hip]. There was a trend toward a higher failure rate in hips with four revisions, compared to hips with three revisions or fewer (p = 0.055). Three hips with a failed cage underwent re‐revision surgery using a standard noncemented acetabular component. In conclusion, a structural allograft with Burch–Schneider antiprotrusio cage for complex acetabular defect is a technique‐demanding procedure with a 5‐year survival rate of 76%. Even with failed cage reconstruction, re‐revision surgery with a noncemented acetabular component may be feasible once the allograft has healed.
Emergency Medical Service in the US National Park Service: A Characterization and Two-Year Review, 2012–2013
Authors: Lane Jeffrey P. , Taylor Bonnaleigh , Smith William R. , Wheeler Albert R.
Published: September 2015

Objective

Visitors to US National Park Service (NPS) units have a unique set of needs in terms of emergency medical care. The purpose of this review is to quantify and characterize emergency medical services (EMS) activities in the NPS to elaborate on its unique aspects, establish trends, and benchmark these data against a sample of national EMS data.

Methods

The EMS data for calendar years 2012 and 2013 were queried from national NPS reports.

Results

The EMS responses totaled 40 calls per million visitors in 2012 and 34 calls per million visitors in 2013. Of those, 75% required a basic life support level of care. There were comparable incidences of transported EMS trauma calls (49%) and medical calls (51%). Of a total of 137 sudden cardiac arrest events, 65% of patients received defibrillation and 26% survived to hospital release. There were 262 total fatalities in 2012 and 238 in 2013, with traumatic fatalities occurring approximately twice as often as nontraumatic fatalities.

Conclusions

Across the country, the NPS responded to a large number of EMS calls each year, but with a relatively low frequency, considering the large number of visitors. This is a challenging setting in which to provide consistent EMS care throughout various NPS administered areas. The typical NPS EMS response provided basic life support level care to visitors with traumatic injuries. The NPS caregivers must be prepared, however, to respond to a varied and diverse range of EMS calls.
Improving Social Skills in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Self-Management Training
Authors: Liu Yadan , Moore Dennis W. , Anderson Angelika
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a partially parent-implemented self-management intervention incorporating video-modelling for discrimination training on improving social skills in a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participant was a 9-year-old girl with ASD. A multiple baseline across behaviour design (no interruption, asking for opinions, and appropriately greeting unfamiliar adults) was used to assess the effects of the intervention. Results showed: (a) the intervention was associated with improvements in all target behaviours in the training setting with a strong overall treatment effect; (b) the behavioural gains were generalised to non-training settings and maintained in both fading and follow-up phases; and (c) social validity measured by the Behavior Intervention Rating Scale — Adapted version (pre- and postintervention) was high. The intervention was effective in improving social skills with this participant, with good generalisation and maintenance effects and high social validity.
Career Paths in Institutional Business Elites: Finnish Family Firms from 1762–2010
Authors: KANSIKAS JUHA
Published: September 2015

This article analyzes the career paths of family business executives in institutional business elites in Finland using an empirical database based on a Bourdieusian prosopographical approach. The results indicate that career paths became more complex but shortened in length toward the beginning of the twenty-first century. The early career paths of family executives changed from positions as assistants and salesmen in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to governance, chief executive officer (CEO), and management positions in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Compared with the founder generation, next-generation family members benefited from more rapid institutional business elite career paths. The complexity of the career paths in the institutional business elite increased in subsequent generations. However, although there were few family executives with a third- or fourth-generation background in family businesses, founder-generation family executives existed in each cohort, apart from the pioneering generation.
THE MULTI-MARGINAL OPTIMAL PARTIAL TRANSPORT PROBLEM
Authors: KITAGAWA JUN , PASS BRENDAN
Published: September 2015

We introduce and study a multi-marginal optimal partial transport problem. Under a natural and sharp condition on the dominating marginals, we establish uniqueness of the optimal plan. Our strategy of proof establishes and exploits a connection with another novel problem, which we call the Monge–Kantorovich partial barycenter problem (with quadratic cost). This latter problem has a natural interpretation as a variant of the factories-and-mines description of optimal transport. We then turn our attention to various analytic properties of these two problems. Of particular interest, we show that monotonicity of the active marginals with respect to the amount $m$ of mass to be transported can fail, a surprising difference from the two-marginal case.
Turbulence in a transient channel flow with a wall of pyramid roughness
Authors: Seddighi M. , He S. , Pokrajac D. , O’Donoghue T. , Vardy A. E.
Published: September 2015

A direct numerical simulation investigation of a transient flow in a channel with a smooth top wall and a roughened bottom wall made of close-packed pyramids is presented. An initially stationary turbulent flow is accelerated rapidly to a new flow rate and the transient flow behaviour after the acceleration is studied. The equivalent roughness heights of the initial and final flows are $k_{s}^{+}=14.5$ and 41.5, respectively. Immediately after the acceleration ends, the induced change behaves in a ‘plug-flow’ manner. Above the roughness crests, the additional velocity due to the perturbation flow is uniform; below the crest, it reduces approximately linearly to zero at the bottom of the roughness elements. The interaction of the perturbation flow with the rough wall is characterised by a series of events that resemble those observed in roughness-induced laminar–turbulent transitions. The process has two broad stages. In the first of these, large-scale vortices, comparable in extent to the roughness wavelength, develop around each roughness element and high-speed streaks form along the ridge lines of the elements. After a short time, each vortex splits into two, namely (i) a standing vortex in front of the element and (ii) a counter-rotating hairpin vortex behind it. The former is largely inactive, but the latter advects downstream with increasing strength, and later lifts away from the wall. These hairpin vortices wrap around strong low-speed streaks. The second stage of the overall process is the breakdown of the hairpin vortices into many smaller multi-scale vortices distributed randomly in space, leading eventually to a state of conventional turbulence. Shortly after the beginning of the first stage, the three components of the r.m.s of the velocity fluctuation all increase significantly in the near-wall region as a result of the vortical structures, and their spectra bear strong signatures of the surface topology. During the second stage, the overall turbulence energy in this region varies only slightly, but the spectrum evolves significantly, eventually approaching that of conventional turbulence. The direct effect of roughness on the flow is confined to a region up to approximately three element heights above the roughness crests. Turbulence in the core region does not begin to increase until after the transition near the wall is largely complete. The processes of transition over the smooth and rough walls of the channel are practically independent of each other. The flow over the smooth wall follows a laminar–turbulent transition and, as known from previous work, resembles a free-stream turbulence-induced boundary layer bypass transition.
Community Institutions and Initial Diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in China's Banking Industry
Authors: Sun Junxiu , Wang Feng , Wang Fanghua , Yin Haitao
Published: September 2015

The existing literature does not provide adequate insight into the initial diffusion of new management practices, especially those that yield no immediate economic benefits, and have not yet gained legitimacy. We study how firms’ local institutional environments influence early adoption behavior, examining the spread of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports in China's banking industry from 2006 to 2011. We find that banks are more likely to be first movers of CSR reporting if they operate in communities where more companies publish CSR reports or where there are guidelines encouraging CSR reporting, and the impacts of these two institutional factors are further moderated by the length of time that banks have operated in communities. Our study highlights the usefulness of institutional theory in understanding the initial adoption of new management practices, when the organizational field is defined as a geographic community instead of an industry sector and its supply chain.
Context in Management Research in Emerging Economies
Authors: Meyer Klaus E.
Published: September 2015

The challenge of integrating context when theorizing is not unique to research on management in emerging economies (MEE). Principally, all management scholars aspiring a theoretical contribution should be concerned about context, as emphasized by Whetten (1989: 492) in his oft-cited guidelines.
Reframing the Compositional Capability: A Resource-Based View on ‘A Composition-Based View of Firm Growth’
Authors: Volberda Henk W. , Karali Emre
Published: September 2015

This commentary targets the core ideas of the composition-based view (CBV). First, we argue that the deployment of compositional capabilities (CCs) to combine ordinary resources fits the resource-based view (RBV) and that there is therefore no need for a CBV. Second, we argue that the CCs should be presented as a specific type of dynamic capability (DC). We show that even where ordinary resources are being combined, superior combinatory capabilities are needed as competitive advantage cannot otherwise be achieved. Third, we argue that Luo and Child (2015) focused too much on the emerging economy enterprises (EEEs) as the conceptual setting. We conclude with a future research agenda to prepare the ground for research on compositional capabilities within the composition-based view of the firm.
A taxonomic review of white grubs and leaf chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) recorded from forestry and agricultural crops in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Harrison J.du G. , Wingfield M.J.
Published: September 2015

Integrated pest management (IPM) is difficult to implement when one knows little about the pest complex or species causing the damage in an agricultural system. To implement IPM on Sub-Saharan African melolonthine pests access to taxon specific knowledge (their identity) and what is known (their biology) of potential pest species is a crucial step. What is known about Sub-Saharan African melolonthine white grubs and chafers has not yet been amalgamated, and this review thus synthesizes all available literature for the Region. The comprehensive nature of the review highlights pest taxon trends within African melolonthines. To facilitate the retrieval of this information for IPM purposes, all relevant taxonomic and biological information is provided for the taxa covered including an on-line supplementary annotated-checklist of taxon, crop, locality and reference(s). Based on the literature reviewed, recommendations are made to promote effective and efficient management of African melolonthine scarab pests. An on-line supplementary appendix provides a list of specialists, useful internet resources, keys, catalogues and sampling methods for the larvae and adults of melolonthine scarab beetles for subsequent morphological or molecular work.
The Criminalization of Torture in South Africa
Authors: Fernandez Lovell , Muntingh Lukas
Published: September 2015

This article describes the politics related to the criminalization of torture in South Africa. It studies the differences between torture as an international crime and as a crime under international human rights law. The South African anti-torture law is analysed and critiqued against the standards and provisions set out in the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The article recommends amendments to the South African law, aimed at making the combating of torture more effective.
Levels of helminth infection in the flat lizardTropidurus semitaeniatusfrom north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Bezerra C.H. , Ávila R.W. , Passos D.C. , Zanchi-Silva D. , Galdino C.A.B.
Published: September 2015

Parasites represent a great, unknown component of animal biodiversity. Recent efforts have begun to uncover patterns of infection by helminth parasites in several Neotropical lizards. The present study reports, for the first time, levels of helminth infection in a population of the flat lizardTropidurus semitaeniatus. One hundred and thirty-nine lizards were examined and evidence of five intestinal helminth species was found, comprising four species of nematodes, one species of cestode and an unidentified encysted larval nematode. The most frequently occurring species was the intestinal nematodeParapharyngodon alvarengai, which did not exhibit differences in prevalence and intensity of infection relative to host sex or age/body size. Furthermore, helminth species richness was not related to host body size.
Altered functioning of reward circuitry in youth offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Manelis A. , Ladouceur C. D. , Graur S. , Monk K. , Bonar L. K. , Hickey M. B. , Dwojak A. C. , Axelson D. , Goldstein B. I. , Goldstein T. R. , Bebko G. , Bertocci M. A. , Gill M. K. , Birmaher B. , Phillips M. L.
Published: September 2015

Background.

Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) (BO) are at higher risk of BD than offspring of parents with non-BD psychopathology (NBO), although both groups are at higher risk than offspring of psychiatrically healthy parents (HC) for other affective and psychiatric disorders. Abnormal functioning in reward circuitry has been demonstrated previously in individuals with BD. We aimed to determine whether activation and functional connectivity in this circuitry during risky decision-making differentiated BO, NBO and HC.

Method.

BO (n = 29; mean age = 13.8 years; 14 female), NBO (n = 28; mean age = 13.9 years; 12 female) and HC (n = 23; mean age = 13.7 years; 11 female) were scanned while performing a number-guessing reward task. Of the participants, 11 BO and 12 NBO had current non-BD psychopathology; five BO and four NBO were taking psychotropic medications.

Results.

A 3 (group) × 2 (conditions: win-control/loss-control) analysis of variance revealed a main effect of group on right frontal pole activation: BO showed significantly greater activation than HC. There was a significant main effect of group on functional connectivity between the bilateral ventral striatum and the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (Z > 3.09, cluster-p < 0.05): BO showed significantly greater negative functional connectivity than other participants. These between-group differences remained after removing youth with psychiatric disorders and psychotropic medications from analyses.

Conclusions.

This is the first study to demonstrate that reward circuitry activation and functional connectivity distinguish BO from NBO and HC. The fact that the pattern of findings remained when comparing healthy BO v. healthy NBO v. HC suggests that these neuroimaging measures may represent trait-level neurobiological markers conferring either risk for, or protection against, BD in youth.
VICTIMARIIIN ROMAN RELIGION AND SOCIETY
Authors: Lennon Jack J.
Published: September 2015

This paper brings together literary, epigraphic and iconographic evidence for thevictimarii— the attendants responsible for slaughtering sacrificial animals in ancient Rome. It aims to explore the problematic status ofvictimariiin Roman society, and argues that the often hostile views of the aristocracy have led to the continued marginalisation of this prominent group within scholarly discussions of religion and society. It argues that when the various strands are considered together a far more positive view ofvictimariiwithin Roman society emerges, suggesting that this was in some respects one of the most respectable of professions among the slave and freedman communities.
WILLIAM GELL ANDPOMPEIANA(1817–19 AND 1832)
Authors: Sweet Rosemary
Published: September 2015

This article offers an analysis of the preparation, publication and reception of the two separate versions of William Gell'sPompeiana,texts that exercised a formative influence over Victorian understanding of not just Roman Pompeii, but of domestic Roman life more broadly throughout the nineteenth century, and that highlight a transition from eighteenth-century antiquarianism to a more ‘archaeological’ approach to the past in the nineteenth century. Using unpublished correspondence that has been overlooked by other scholarship on Gell, it argues that the form and content of the volumes responded to both contemporary fascination with the history of domestic life and the need for an affordable volume on Pompeii. But the volumes also reflected many of Gell's more personal interests, developed in a career of travelling in Greece, Asia Minor and Spain, and were a product of his circumstances: they were conceived in order that Gell (and his coadjutor John Peter Gandy in the first edition) might earn much-needed additional income, and were a means through which Gell could consolidate his social position in Naples by establishing his authoritative expertise on Pompeii.
Refining the push and pull framework: identifying inequalities in residential relocation among older adults
Authors: SMETCOREN AN-SOFIE , DE DONDER LIESBETH , DURY SARAH , DE WITTE NICO , KARDOL TINIE , VERTÉ DOMINIQUE
Published: September 2015

Older people consider moving home when there is a discrepancy between actual and desired living conditions. This study builds on the classic push and pull framework described in the early work of Lee and Wiseman by identifying whether or not individual differences among older people can be predictive for certain push and pull reasons (such as housing, health, neighbourhood and social contact). On the basis of data from the Belgian Ageing Studies (N = 35,402), it was found that 13.9 per cent of older respondents had moved in the last ten years (N = 4,823). An analysis of the movers revealed inequalities in the reasons for moving in later life and raises the question of whether a relocation is voluntary (being able to move) or involuntary (being forced to move). Respondents with lower household incomes and poor mental health were significantly more likely to have moved because of stressors pushing them out of their previous dwelling, whereas older people with higher household incomes or home-owners were mainly pulled towards a more attractive environment.
Gender differences in leisure patterns at age 50 and above: micro and macro aspects
Authors: AVITAL DANA
Published: September 2015

The current paper seeks to explore whether there are differences in leisure patterns among men and women aged 50 and above, and whether the characteristics of one's country of residence influence these patterns. Data were obtained from the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2004/5), as well as from the database of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The research population comprised 7,769 men and 9,337 women aged 50 and above from 11 European countries. Three clustered-robust logistic regression models examined the likelihood of participating in one or more of three leisure activities: going to sport or social clubs, participating in a course or educational class, and volunteering. Three Blinder–Oaxaca decompositions were used to examine gender gaps in participation in each activity. At the micro level, the results showed that men were more active than women and that men were also less influenced by the observed characteristics. In addition, retirement only increased the likelihood of participating in sport club activities for men. At the macro level, the country's expenditure on culture and recreation was found to contribute significantly to women's participation in leisure activities, especially those in which most of the participants are men. In addition, macro variables as a whole were found to reduce the contribution of the observed micro characteristics. The main conclusion of the study is that the macro factors, especially the country's expenditure on culture and recreation as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product, contribute substantially to reducing the gender gap in participation in leisure activities in older age.
A closed-form solution for the position analysis of a novel fully spherical parallel manipulator
Authors: Enferadi Javad , Shahi Amir
Published: September 2015

In this paper, a novel 3(RPSP)-S fully spherical parallel manipulator (SPM) is introduced. Also, an innovative method based on the geometry of the manipulator is presented for solving the forward position problem of the manipulator. The presented method provides a framework for the future research to solve the forward position problem of the other fully spherical PMs (for examples 3(UPS)-S and 3(RSS)-S). In the proposed method, two coupled trigonometric equations are obtained by utilizing the geometry of the manipulator and Rodrigues' rotation formula. Using Bezout's elimination technique, the two coupled equations lead to a polynomial of degree eight. We show that the polynomial is minimal and optimal. Furthermore, the other method is proposed for selecting an admissible solution of the forward position problem. This algorithm is required to control modeling and dynamic simulations.