bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
República Dominicana: Posibles efectos de la liberalización comercial en los hogares rurales, a partir de un modelo desagregado para la economía rural, con énfasis en la pobreza, el género y la migración
Authors: Taylor J. Edward , Yúñez Naude Antonio , Jesurun-Clements Nancy , De los Santos Jesús , Filipski Mateusz , Paulino José Rafael
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los posibles impactos de la apertura comercial en los hogares rurales dominicanos. El análisis de impactos económicos se realizó utilizando un modelo de equilibrio general aplicado (MEGA) que captura los efectos directos e indirectos de cambios de política comercial en variables críticas que afectan la toma de decisiones en los hogares rurales. Dichas variables incluyeron producción, ingreso, empleo, cambio tecnológico, precios y migración. El análisis realizado concluye que dicha apertura traerá mayores beneficios de lo anticipado a los hogares rurales más vulnerables, siempre y cuando las reducciones en los precios de los productos básicos de consumo que se esperan como resultado de la liberación, lleguen al consumidor final y se acompañen de medidas que estimulen el ajuste productivo hacia actividades de mayor valor agregado.
Informe final de la consultoría para el desarrollo e implementación de los módulos informáticos de aseguramiento de vida y salud en el actual sistema Conexus de la Cooperativa Mujeres Unidas
Authors: Asesoría Venta, Mantenimiento, Equipos, Informática Cia. Ltda. ,   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El presente informe reseña el desempeño de la implementación de los módulos informáticos para el plan de aseguramiento de vida y salud en el actual sistema de la Cooperativa Mujeres Unidas, CONEXUS, efectuada por la empresa AVMEI como desarrolladores del sistema durante 2009. La Fundación Cooperación y Acción Comunitaria y la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Mujeres Unidas CACMU Ltda., ubicadas en la ciudad de Ibarra, son organizaciones que se dedican a cubrir necesidades de asistencia técnica y fortalecimiento de organizaciones de base, y segundo grado, empresas de economía solidaria e instituciones solidarias, a través de la investigación, capacitación, seguimiento y coparticipación en proyectos de desarrollo autosostenibles que ayudan a mejorar la calidad de vida de las familias de escasos recursos económicos y viabilizar el crédito de desarrollo rural a través de organizaciones y grupos Solidarios de Mujeres de las etnias mestiza, negra e indígena, del norte ecuatoriano, teniendo al crédito como misión el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de sus socias.
Informe de diseño: Modelo de crédito rural
Authors: Echarte Luis , Portillo Alexander
Published: March 2024

El sector agropecuario de El Salvador presenta buenas perspectivas y ha venido creciendo a paso firme en los últimos años y a mayor ritmo que el resto de la economía nacional. Así las cosas, es de esperar para la próxima década buenas condiciones de precios para los productos agropecuarios, lo cual provee un marco general atrayente para los intermediarios financieros. El presente modelo de crédito rural para las micro y pequeñas empresas del sector agropecuario está basado en un análisis previo del mercado agropecuario de El Salvador, así como pronósticos de demanda local y riesgo para diseñar productos crediticios adecuados para los productores rurales. Forma parte de un convenio entre el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y Fedecrédito de El Salvador: "Promoción de la Democracia Financiera por medio del Apoyo a FEDECRÉDITO, un Intermediario Microfinanciero Especializado".
La efectividad de las redes de protección social: El rol de los sistemas integrados de información social en Brasil
Authors: Dutra Ricardo Rodrigues , Bartholo Letícia
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar el diseño, la gestión y la implementación del Catastro Único de Programas Sociales, conocido como CadÚnico, para examinar su capacidad actual para unificarse en la única base de selección de beneficiarios de los programas sociales orientados a la atención de las familias de bajos ingresos de Brasil, e identificar posibles mejoras del registro. El enfoque utilizado se centra principalmente en las potencialidades y debilidades del CadÚnico para convertirse en un instrumento de integración de los programas gubernamentales, sin entrar en aspectos específicos de los programas sociales, aunque algunos de estos serán mencionados. Este análisis fue finalizado en marzo de 2008 y no contempla los desarrollos posteriores del CadÚnico y de los programas sociales examinados. Este trabajo forma parte de una serie de estudios realizados en el marco del proyecto "La efectividad de las redes de protección social: El rol de los sistemas integrados de información social".
Indicadores de desempeño para instituciones microfinancieras: Guía técnica
Authors: von Stauffenberg Damian , Jansson Tor , Kenyon Naomi , Barluenga-Badiola María-Cruz
Published: March 2024

Los indicadores incluidos en la presente Guía corresponden a una de las cuatro categorías principales: calidad de la cartera, eficiencia y productividad, gestión financiera y rentabilidad. Esta guía no pretende abarcar la totalidad de los indicadores, sino los más importantes que, tomados en su conjunto, proporcionan una visión general del desempeño, riesgos y situación financiera de una institución de microfinanzas. Se destacan las 14 definiciones más comúnmente utilizadas dentro de las publicadas por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), el Grupo Consultivo para Asistencia a los Más Pobres (CGAP), la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID) y las agencias calificadoras MCRIL y PlaNet Rating y se ilustra la manera en que son usadas. Ofrece una explicación y un análisis de los indicadores a quienes estén interesados en comprender su aplicación y sus puntos débiles.
Informe MERCOSUL No. 6 (1999-2000)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Apesar da reiterada profissão de fé integradora, explicitada em diferentes oportunidades pelas máximasautoridades dos quatro países sócios, a modificação da política cambial disposta pelo governo brasileiroem meados de janeiro de 1999, somada aos efeitos negativos derivados da queda dos preços doscommodities e da forte recessão que desde finais do ano anterior vinha afetando as principais economiasda sub-região, puseram o processo de integração face a um horizonte marcado pela incerteza e o pessimismo.
O compromisso do retorno: Remessas de emigrantes brasileiros
Authors: Martes Ana Cristina Braga ,   Fundação Getulio Vargas
Published: March 2024

Resultado de um survey para medir perfil sociodemográfico dos emigrantes brasileiros que enviam remessas de Boston, MA para o Brasil com estimaçoes de periodicidade, valor e finalidade das remessas e identificação da existência de Organizações Não Governamentais beneficiárias de remessas na cidade de Governador Valadares, e, neste caso, analisar de que modo o dinheiro está sendo enviado e empregado.
Retrospectiva do transporte brasileiro: As conquistas e os entraves na transicão dos séculos XX e XXI
Authors: Lima Iêda Maria de Oliveira
Published: March 2024

Este estudo contém uma retrospectiva dos programas e projetos do governo brasileiro para o setor transporte, incluindo o transporte urbano, no período 1996-2002, um estudo sobre os avanços que foram dados no seu marco regulatório, na ampliação e adequação de capacidade e restauração da sua infra-estrutura e na capacidade de planejar, implementar e avaliar os programas do governo brasileiro para esse setor. Contém, ainda, a identificação dos principais avanços e entraves estruturais, institucionais e orçamentários do setor e uma avaliação das necessidades do Brasil quanto à infra-estrutura de transportes e quanto ao desenvolvimento da capacidade gerencial. Além disso, analisa o cumprimento das estratégias e objetivos setoriais traçados pelos Planos Plurianuais elaborados e executados nesse período, apresenta uma estratégia para otimizar os investimentos na infra-estrutura de transporte no Brasil e indica tendências para o setor nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, a partir das evidências reunidas no processo de coleta e análise das informações básicas sobre o setor e do Plano Plurianual -PPA 2004-2007.
Em busca de mais segurança e menos mortes em rodovias da América Latina: O Caso Brasileiro. "Uma análise dos acidentes no Brasil, com um enfoque nas condições de tráfego e características dos acidentes"
Authors: De la Peña Mendoza Sissi Maribel , Diez-Roux Esteban , Resende Paulo
Published: March 2024

Como parte da iniciativa de segurança no transito, o BID vem trabalhando juntamente com parceiros estratégicos no intuito de aumentar a conscientização a respeito da importância da segurança viária durante a Década para Ações de Segurança Rodoviária 2011-2020 da ONU. O BID e a Fundação Dom Cabral publicaram conjuntamente esta nota técnica para destacar a necessidade de educação e conscientização em segurança rodoviária. A análise consiste em dados de 25.000 quilômetros de rodovias pavimentadas no Brasil durante cinco anos. Foram identificados como causas principais dos acidentes de trânsito o comportamento e a ausência de educação dos usuários de rodovias (motoristas e pedestres). Neste trabalho também são comparados a gravidade e a ocorrência de acidentes tanto em rodovias brasileiras com boas condições quanto nas que ainda necessitam de esforços de manutenção.
Observatório PROCIDADES Fase II: Análise dos aspectos de gestão de projetos
Authors: Yitani José , Eguino Huáscar , Bezerra Maria do Carmo , Rodríguez Bu Lorena
Published: March 2024

O Observatório Metodológico PROCIDADES foi desenvolvido sob a responsabilidade do Setor de Conhecimento e Aprendizagem (KNL) e da Divisão de Gestão Fiscal e Municipal (FMM) da Representação no Brasil (CBR), do BID. Possuiu como finalidade promover a reflexão sobre os métodos utilizados para execução de projetos; e fortalecer a capacidade da organização em aprender de sua prática para registrar lições aprendidas e boas práticas para divulgação entre os Municípios executores e o Banco. Iniciado em agosto de 2011, o Observatório PROCIDADES fase II, possuiu como universo de análise 8 projetos em execução, quando foram abordados resultados já alcançados em 3 aspectos: (i) gestão dos projetos; (ii) identificação dos estudos de caso temáticos; e, (iii) mecanismos de difusão de resultados.
Informe MERCOSUL No. 11 (2005-2006)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Num cenário de crescimento da economia mundial, firme demanda de matérias-prima e abundância deliquidez, o Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) continua em uma fase expansiva. Os indicadoresmacroeconômicos revelam um bloco mais sólido que no passado: o crescimento se combina com menorvulnerabilidade no setor externo, disciplina fiscal e inflação baixa em termos históricos. Estima-se que astaxas de expansão econômica alcançarão, em 2006, perto de 4.9%, similares às de 2005, mas inferiores aoque se observa para o conjunto dos países emergentes.
Country Program Evaluation: Honduras (1990-2000)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-263) evaluates the IDB's country program in Honduras during 1990-2000. The aim of the Honduras Country Program Evaluation is to serve as an input into the production of the new country paper by raising a number of considerations intended to be helpful to the Bank and the Borrower as they define the nature of their cooperation for the coming years. Accordingly, this report reviews the Bank's choices and programming retrospectively and assesses the characteristics and quality of program delivery and implementation. Prospectively, the report advances conclusions and recommendations to further strengthen the Bank's supporting role. The overall objective of CPEs is to assess the relevance, coherence, efficiency, and effectiveness of the Bank's assistance to a country. This includes examining the developmental impact of Bank assistance in terms of intermediate and final outcomes.
Country Program Evaluation: Bolivia (1990-2002)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The following paper (RE-297) is a review of the Bank's experience in Bolivia from 1990 to 2002. It is produced at a time when the country is faced with a critical fiscal scenario, and in the aftermath of substantial social tensions that have led to the resignation of former President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada. This is relevant for the evaluation because it exemplifies a marked departure from the macroeconomic and political stability that the country enjoyed for the twelve years that are reviewed here. This background gives rise to the question: Given the period of economic stability, why has the country not achieved expected growth, fiscal and poverty levels? Furthermore, given the extensive reform agenda proposed and executed in Bolivia, with the full support of the Bank and other agencies, why does the country face many of the same challenges that it faced in the 1980s? The evaluation did not produce an unequivocal answer to these questions. However, it does provide findings that shed light on them.
Country Program Evaluation Guyana (2002-2006)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-331) presents an evaluation of the Inter-American Development Bank's program of engagement with Guyana for the 2002-2006 period, from its intent expressed mainly in the Country Strategy with Guyana (GN-2228) and other Bank documents, to the actual delivery of the program. The document includes a description of the background, a discussion on the Bank's performance, a comparison the program and the delivery, and a presentation of program results. The quest for a new sustainable force that can effectively produce growth is the major economic challenge faced by Guyana and its development partners. A further challenge comes from the negative effect on foreign and domestic investment flows over the period, resulting from the perception of an adverse business climate.
Country Program Evaluation: Guatemala (2004-2007)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This Country Program Evaluation (RE-352) is intended to examine the relations that the Bank established with Guatemala during the period 2004-2007 in terms of results, in order to extract lessons for establishing a future strategic partnership that will be as productive constructive as possible for the country's development. For the Bank, as a development institution, a successful strategic partnership is one that produces -through its programs and projects- a flow of future benefits of a value that clearly exceeds the financial and non-financial costs that its lending activities involve for the country. With the 2004-2007 country strategy that laid out the strategic partnership during the period as a framework, this evaluation discusses its relevance for attaining the proposed results, examines operational efficiency in executing the loans and the main technical-cooperation projects carried out during the period, and concludes by evaluating whether or not they achieved the expected results.
Approach Paper: Evaluation of the Fund for Special Operations During the Eighth Replenishment (1994-2010): Part II
Authors: Raw Silvia , Sembler Jose Ignacio
Published: March 2024

OVE has carried out two Fund for Special Operations (FSO) evaluations. The first, "Oversight Note on the Performance Criteria for Allocating Concessional Resources" (RE-279), was presented to the Board of Executive Directors in 2003 and provided a preliminary review of the new performance-related allocation criteria introduced in 2002. In October 2010 OVE presented the "Evaluation of the Fund for Special Operations during the Eighth Replenishment (1994-2010) - Part I" (RE-376), in anticipation of the FSO replenishment through IDB-9. This document focused primarily on the implications of the changing methodologies for allocating FSO resources. The objective of this evaluation is to complete the assessment of the performance of IDB's FSO loan program during the period of the Eighth Replenishment (1994-2010), focusing as stated in RE-376 on financing and results.
An Evaluation Approach Paper: Opportunities for the Majority Initiative
Authors: Pires Jose Claudio Linhares , Arráiz Irani , Piza Caio , Cravo Tulio , Lodato Simon
Published: March 2024

The objectives of the evaluation are to assess Opportunities for the Majority (OMJ)'s relevance vis-à-vis its mandate, its effectiveness in achieving development goals, its efficiency in delivering products, and the sustainability of both projects and the "business model" supported by the initiative. Considering the early stage of disbursement, the evaluation will represent a first stage assessment of OMJ results and sustainability. Whenever documented evidence cannot be inferred, the evaluation will look at the likely effect of the initiative on the markets. OVE will use four tools to assess OMJ results: desk reviews, field missions, surveys, and, where feasible, quantitative evaluations.
Implementation of the Strategy for Indigenous Development (GN-2387-5): Lessons from the Portfolio Review
Authors: Fryer Michelle , Quijano Ursula , Sadeghi Patricia , Calero Carla , Garcia Villegas Salomon , Vargas Sebastián
Published: March 2024

Analysis of the portfolio related to indigenous peoples in the context of the Indigenous Development Strategy (IDS) approved in 2006, shows that: (i) indigenous issues are less prevalent in Country Strategies from 2006 onward; (ii) the instrument most used to address indigenous issues is technical cooperation, followed by loan operations; (iii) there is limited evidence of a mainstreaming approach to the integration of indigenous issues in IDB operations; (iv) the number of loans with a proactive approach declined after approval of IDS; (v) the evaluability of operations related to indigenous issues is low; and (vi) the review period was marked by major institutional changes in the unit responsible for indigenous issues at the IDB. In light of the findings, the IDB should (i) ensure that analytical work is of high quality in those countries where the development of indigenous peoples represents a major challenge; (ii) strengthen IDB's existing information systems to ensure effective monitoring of its work on indigenous issues and fulfillment of the IDB-9 commitments; and (iii) strengthen research and evaluation in priority sectors for indigenous peoples to identify good practices and standards.
Country Program Evaluation: Brazil (2007-2010)
Authors: Raw Silvia , Vargas Fernando , Ruprah Inder J. , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Sadeghi Patricia , Sekkel Julia
Published: March 2024

This evaluation examines the IDB's Country Program with Brazil for the 2007-2010 period. The evaluation found that the program with Brazil has been very relevant, because the IDB has been able to maintain its competitive advantage in the country by changing its business model in light of declining federal demand. Under this model, lending focused on three types of clients: (a) sub-national governments; (b) the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), and (c) the private sector. The evaluation also found that there is room for improvement in regards to operational efficiency and development effectiveness, which are in part related to the business model. OVE recommends that in its new country strategy, the IDB should (i) ensure appropriate focus in the program by specifying ex ante criteria to be used in considering the mix of operations, including the strategic orientation that will guide the choice of non-sovereign loans; (ii) explicitly include measures to improve operational efficiency; and (iii) include an action plan with time bound targets for improving the measurement and dissemination of its development effectiveness.
Country Program Evaluation: Colombia (2007-2010)
Authors: Cusato Antonio , Conroy Hector , Iunes Roberto F. , Ramos Johanna , Espinoza Viviane , Fontes Tatiani , Chávez Jorge F.
Published: March 2024

This evaluation examines the IDB's Country Program with Colombia for the 2007-2011 period. The evaluation found social investment and decentralization as two areas in which the IDB maintained presence and relevance during this period. In social investment, the IDB was consolidated as a stable partner to Colombia in the creation and operation of a long-term social safety net. In regards to decentralization, cooperation was crosscutting, as the IDB worked with subnational institutions in diverse sectors, such as transportation, business development, housing, and modernization of the State. The IDB also continued its long-term work with Colombia to modernize and improve the efficiency of oversight agencies and the judicial branch, helping the country to obtain sizeable savings. To continue to improve the strategy with Colombia, OVE recommends that the IDB should: (i) increase its efforts to lower the transaction costs of IDB's cooperation with the country; (ii) improve the evaluability, monitoring and evaluation of the Country Strategy and the projects financed by the IDB; (iii) identify and strengthen the IDB's capacity in the areas and sectors in which the country will concentrate its demand for financial cooperation; and (iv) identify international development experiences that have been successful and present them to Colombia.
OVE's Environmental Performance Review applied to the Energy Sector
Authors: Gonzalez Diez Verónica M.
Published: March 2024

This review evaluates IDB's performance applying environmental safeguards to the energy sector (infrastructure), as well as IDB's review process of the environmental and social assessment conducted by borrowers. The review found consistency issues in the application of safeguards across different types of projects. In general, results show that private sector environmental assessments score better than their public sector counterparts in terms of quality. The realignment process of the IDB in 2007 implied that the same group of environmental and social specialists will be involved in reviewing and monitoring private and public projects, thus providing opportunities for the transference of environmental expertise to public sector operations. Once projects are approved, the IDB reporting system offers limited information regarding the environmental and social follow-up of the ex-ante analyses. It is recommended that the IDB moves beyond the administrative compliance approach to document the environmental and social effects of IDB-funded projects.
Evaluation of MIF Projects: Market Functioning: Promotion of Competition and Consumer Protection
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper (MIF/GN-78-14) is to evaluate a set of projects in the MIF's "Market Functioning" portfolio, which includes 12 projects for a total MIF contribution of US$7.6 million. The MIF projects analyzed here concentrated on four areas of vital importance to the development of the private sector and competitiveness: (i) the quality of the oversight agencies responsible for safeguarding competition in markets; (ii) protection of consumer rights; (iii) the conditions required to protect intellectual property rights; and (iv) rules and mechanisms governing private sector participation in government procurement. The portfolio comprised three competition operations, three consumer protection projects, two combined competition and consumer rights) operations, three government procurement operations, and one intellectual property operation.
Development Effectiveness Report
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-260) seeks to define what constitutes development among contemporary development finance institutions. The report looks at the historic evolution of the concept of development and at the instruments seen as most effective at promoting development, paying particular attention to definitions and concepts prevalent in the IDB. The report also looks at the empirical evidence regarding development results in the region associated with IDB interventions and examines the extent to which IDB interventions are designed to demonstrate results. The report concludes with suggestions for improving the design, monitoring, and evaluation of Bank interventions.
Implicit IDB Strategy for Regional Integration: Its Evaluation
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-265) is the first stage of an evaluation of the Bank's strategy for regional integration, being conducted by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight. It attempts to identify the Bank's implicit strategy and the way this is incorporated into programming and project management. The evaluation of regional programs and project impact is left for subsequent reports. The Bank does not yet have a formerly articulated strategy on integration, so this report analyses the Bank's observed practice in supporting the sector, including programming and financial and nonfinancial activities. In this stage, work was carried out on the three components of the strategy, namely "direction", "programming" and "management". The procedure was firstly to identify the Bank's strategic direction on integration; then to examine how integration is incorporated in the Bank's programming, and lastly to analyze the contribution made by Bank products to fulfilling regional integration goals.
Oversight Note on the Additionality of Resources of the C and D Action Plan
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

As part of OVE 2003 work program (RE-290), the Board of Directors requested an oversight study on the "financial additionality" of the C and D Action Plan. Responding to this, this report addresses the issue of whether the Plan provided financial additionality to C and D borrowing member countries. Based on the limited data available, the study attempts to estimate financial additionality for each of the four subprograms included in the Plan. These include support for: 1) Project identification and execution in country offices (CO) using administrative resources; 2) Project preparation in headquarters (HQ) using administrative resources; 3) Project identification and execution in CO using FSO resources; 4) Training using FSO resources. The study findings indicate mixed results with regard to financial additionality.
Evaluation of the Bank's Global Multisector Credit Operations: 1990 to 2005
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Bank defines Global Multisector Credit Operations (GMCs) as loans with sovereign guarantees granted to intermediary financial institutions or similar agencies to enable them to on-lend to sub-borrowers for the financing of multisector projects. This evaluation (RE-336) is based on a detailed analysis of the GMCs approved between 1990 and 2005. About two-thirds of the GMCs -representing 82% of the approved GMC funding- were reviewed in-depth and involved fieldwork in the respective countries. The remaining GMCs were desk-reviewed via Project Reports, Portfolio Performance Monitoring Reports, Credit Regulations, Project Completion Reports, and any other available document, e.g. ad hoc consultant studies OVE complemented the evaluation with surveys and interviews providing both Bank staff and clients with an opportunity to participate.
Country Program Evaluation: Trinidad and Tobago (2000-2008)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The 2000-2008 Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for Trinidad and Tobago (RE-353) was conducted by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight to inform the Board's discussion with IDB Management regarding future strategy for each country. It involved three weeks of missions to both Trinidad and Tobago, structured interviews with a diverse set of over 55 stakeholders in Trinidad and Tobago and Washington DC, two background papers, and the collection and analysis of available data. The goal of this CPE is to document any results achieved and to provide an opportunity for reflection and to learn lessons on how the IDB could improve the effectiveness of its future operations in the country.
IDB-9: Country Systems
Authors: Atuesta Laura , Schijman Agustina , Schiavo-Campo Salvatore , Huppi Monika
Published: March 2024

The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank), in its Ninth General Capital Increase (IDB-9), committed to improve country systems in order to increase their use in programs financed by Bank resources. This report examines the implementation of that commitment. It assesses the Country Systems Strategy developed in late 2009 for that purpose, the quality of the fiduciary assessments that underpin the opportunities for increasing the use of country systems by the Bank, and the new organizational arrangements. It then reviews the progress since late 2009 in implementing the Strategy in the three main areas of financial management, procurement, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and identifies major issues. The Country Systems Strategy is sound and addresses effectively the main factors that have constrained the increased use of country systems in the past. Overall, progress in implementing the fiduciary aspects of the Strategy has been satisfactory. Often, the use of fiduciary country systems is demand-constrained-with government officials seeing IDB procedures as a guarantee of integrity and a way to minimize reputational or corruption risks (as well as limit personal exposure). The reluctance of some governments to accept the responsibility of relying on their national systems should lessen as the initial good experience continues. In contrast to the fiduciary systems, progress on strengthening and encouraging the use of national M&E systems in Bank-financed activities was either minimal or quite unrelated to the Country Systems Strategy. The Bank's arrangements for handling this important area of work ought to be reviewed for stronger leadership and clearer accountability. Among the several suggestions, the most important concern the essential integration between the function of diagnosis/validation of specific country systems, and the projects and other activities to strengthen public management; addressing the risk of slippages and reversals; and achieving the right balance between the Board's governing authority and Management's flexibility. The report concludes by underlining the need to avoid giving the impression that a move to country systems is a quick, costless, and riskless proposition which would risk backlash and backtracking when the validation and subsequent use by the Bank of a particular national system is not accompanied in a very short time by improvements in project efficiency.
IDB-9: Review of the IDB Institutions for Growth and Social Welfare Strategy
Authors: Schijman Agustina , Soares Yuri , Myers Ronald , Fevre Chloe
Published: March 2024

This paper reviews the 2011 Sector Strategy on Institutions for Growth and Social Welfare (SIGS) of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank). The Strategy was produced as a requirement of the IDB-9 agreement. The review finds that the Strategy replicates a number of patterns observed in prior sector strategies. SIGS represents the first time that the Bank uses a modern definition of institutions; however, the concept of institutions is not incorporated as a guiding principle for setting priorities. Like other strategies, SIGS largely reflects the current work of the Bank, and also reflects the most common ideas and thinking of the time. This said, SIGS also emphasizes areas of work that had not been central to the Bank before, such as work with transparency and work in formalizing firms. The Strategy document itself has strengths but also a number of deficiencies. SIGS is more specific than prior strategies, although it still proposes quite a broad spectrum of activities. It contains a good diagnostic of the needs facing small and medium-sized enterprises and of innovation, although diagnostics in most other areas are relatively weak. Although SIGS maintains the IDB-9's focus on the Bank's comparative advantage, it does not analytically assess that comparative advantage, and it presents no evidence that the sectors prioritized reflect any particular operational or structural advantage of the Bank--except that they mostly represent sectors in which the Bank already works. SIGS's results framework is very poor, largely reflecting the inadequacies of the IDB-9 results framework, as applied to institutions. SIGS was not designed as an operational strategy, so it does not assess the Bank's operational capabilities to respond to the Region's needs in priority areas. SIGS has had little impact on the way the Bank works. Bank staff is generally unaware of the Strategy, and those who are aware of it do not report using it as a main input in country dialogue or project preparation. The Institutions for Development Department (IFD) is an exception: its staff do report using SIGS. However, the review of IFD's portfolio does not show clear evidence that project selection has changed in favor of SIGS priorities. IFD has produced a significant body of analytical work, which in some cases addresses institutional issues. Nonetheless, IFD's approach to implementing 'intersector alliances' has not included directly working across Bank departments to strengthen institutions broadly in the Bank's work. However, SIGS has served a useful purpose as a mechanism to reemphasize the importance of the issue of institutions for the IDB, and, to some degree, to consolidate and demarcate the areas of work within IFD.
Approach Paper: Country Program Evaluation: Dominican Republic (2009-2013)
Authors: Suarez David , Linares Ana María , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Huppi Monika , Vellani Saleema
Published: March 2024

The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) is preparing the Country Program Evaluation (CPE) for the Dominican Republic for the period 2009-2013. This approach paper defines the evaluation's scope. This CPE ims to analyze the Bank's relationship with the country, taking an independent and holistic view, assessing in particular the program's relevance and effectiveness, including both financial and nonfinancial products offered by the Bank during the period under analysis. This evaluation is intended as input for the new strategy document the Bank is preparing. In 2009 the Bank's Management developed a new country strategy document model to equip the Bank with an effective tool to sharpen the country focus while ensuring the flexibility envisaged during the realignment process. In this framework, new guidelines were drawn up that reformulate the country strategy to emphasize the need for results-focused, risk-based programming that takes a flexible, programmatic approach and responds to the country's needs. Apart from these general principles, the most significant practical effects of the new strategy papers were: (i) separation between the country strategy, which is prepared every four years, and actual programming, which is annual; (ii) a new emphasis on sector notes; and (iii) strengthening the results matrix with specific indicators. This CPE is the third occasion on which OVE has evaluated the Bank's program with the Dominican Republic. The previous evaluations covered the periods 1991-2003 (document RE-306) and 2004-2008 (document RE-371). This CPE covers the Bank's program for 2009-2013.
Self Evaluation of OVE's Work: 2001-2010
Authors: Quick Stephen A.
Published: March 2024

This self evaluation has been prepared by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) in response to a request from Executive Directors to support the work of the Independent Review Panel (IRP), which has been tasked with undertaking an external, independent review of the evaluation function at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Over the 10 years of its existence, OVE has produced a substantial volume of evaluation work, including 47 country program evaluations, 98 other documents in the "RE" series that are sent to the Board for consideration, 27 evaluation reports for the MIF, IIC and Japan Special Fund, and 65 technical reports and working papers. OVE has established formal procedures for the quality control of its evaluations, relying on both internal and external peer reviews of documents sent to the Board. The quality of data available varies across the range of evaluation studies, and some are able to mobilize better empirical information than others. Comments on the quality of OVE documents recorded in the minutes of Board discussions are overwhelmingly favorable. Across a broad range of issues, OVE has issued reports that challenge the empirical basis of prevailing claims regarding the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability of Bank interventions in the region. These challenges have sometimes provoked controversy, but on the whole, it is OVE's view that these controversies have been helpful to the institution in deepening thought and opening up new possibilities. In thinking about the future of the evaluation function at the IDB, this self evaluation highlights the role that an independent, empirically focused, challenging OVE can play in opening up possibilities for institutional change and improvement. While there are clear opportunities for improvement in the work of the Office, (including improved outreach, more explicit and actionable recommendations, explicit and measurable quality standards for evaluation work) it's essential institutional role of challenging complacency deserves to be preserved.
Integrated Template for Debt Sustainability Analysis: Version 2.0, Instruction Manual, Revised Version
Authors: Cifuentes Paula , Cavallo Eduardo A. , Borensztein Eduardo , Valencia Oscar
Published: March 2024

Instruction Manual for Version 2. 0 of the IDB Debt Sustainability Template. The updated Template includes a new interface, more analytical functions, and greater flexibility for the researcher.
Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation through Publically-Assisted Housing: Theoretical Framework for the IDB's Regional Policy Dialogue on Climate Change
Authors: Martin Carlos , Campillo Gisela , Navarrete Jesús , Meirovich Hilen
Published: March 2024

In both developed and developing countries, sustainable and resilient public housing construction has been described as a convenient solution to the simultaneous challenges of 1) climate change mitigation, 2) adaptation to the impacts of climate change, and 3) insufficient housing supply. Indeed, designing, installing, and maintaining "green" land and construction techniques within national public housing programs has the potential for allaying a portion of these formidable challenges as they are most likely to be realized in the Latin American and Caribbean Region. Sustainable and resilient housing construction also yields long-term economic and social benefits in additional to environmental ones. The vehicles for this solution, however, are complex, constrained, and evolving.
Winds of Change: The Progress of Open Government Policymaking in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Ramírez Alujas Álvaro V. , Dassen Nicolás
Published: March 2024

The year 2013 has become known as the year of Open Government. The continuing progress of the Open Government Partnership represents the consolidation of a process that, in less than two years, has strengthened the promotion and implementation of public policies. These policies are founded onthe principles of transparency and access to public information, citizen participation, integrity, and the harnessing of technology on behalf of openness and accountability in 63 participating countries. The Latin American and Caribbean region, in particular, stands out with the most widespread participation, including 15 borrowing member countries of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Fourteen of these have action plans in process for the implementation and/or evaluation of these policies, reinforcing their commitment to open government. Trinidad and Tobago, one of the 15 member countries, will soon present its own action plan. To date, various countries are developing public consultation processes and opportunities for participation for a new two-year period of commitments relating to open government. It is, therefore, worthwhile to review, country-by-country, the commitments that have been carried out and to consider the views expressed by relevant stakeholders. This analysis will further contribute to this emerging domain a new paradigm for public policy and management reform in the 21st century.
Approach Paper: Country Program Evaluation: Colombia (2011-2014)
Authors: Ramos Piracoca Johanna , Corrales Maria Elena , Sembler Jose Ignacio , Maciel Odette , Sadeghi Patricia , Stone Leslie F. , Morales Carlos , Azuara Herrera Oliver , Roseth Benjamin , Soriano Alejandro
Published: March 2024

As part of its 2014 annual work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight(OVE) is preparing its evaluation of the country program with Colombia for the period spanning January 2011 to June 2014. This document sets out the proposed approach and planned methodology for the country program evaluation (CPE), which represents the fourth time that OVE will evaluate the Bank's program with Colombia. Previous evaluations covered the periods 1990-2002 (document RE-280), 1998-2006 (document RE-337), and 2007-2010 (document RE-393).
The Japanese Tax Administration
Authors: Okada Yoshiyasu
Published: March 2024

This document gives an overview of organizational structure of the National Tax Agency (NTA) in Japan, which administers assessment and collection of all national taxes (except for customs duty, tonnage due and special tonnage due). It also discusses the assessment system and auditing functions and procedures, as well as the appeals process.
iGOPP: Index of Governance and Public Policy in Disaster Risk Management
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This document describes the general methodology of the Index of Governance and Public Policy in Disaster Risk Management (iGOPP) and presents the main concepts that support both disaster risk management and governance, defining their fundamental characteristics. It also includes a series of good practices for appropriate disaster risk management governance identified in several countries in the Region as well as a detailed description of the iGOPP design, formulation and application process. Lastly, the document describes the data collection process carried out in the national applications of the Index and presents a list of the 241 indicators that constitutes the Index.
Complaint as Positive Energy: The Experience of "The Worst Bureaucratic Procedure of My Life" Contest in Bolivia
Authors: Vásquez María Inés , Charosky Hernán , Dassen Nicolás
Published: March 2024

A government agenda of openness and transparency is critical to improving the quality of services to users and streamlining bureaucratic procedures. Efficiency and transparency in administrative processes, access to information, user-friendliness of paperwork, and mechanisms for resolving paperwork issues must be ensured so that citizens can fully exercise their rights when requesting a decision from the government, applying for a license, or soliciting other information or documentation issued by the State. Bolivia's Ministry for Institutional Transparency and Fight against Corruption treated user experience as a fundamental aspect of the relationship between citizens and the public sector by launching a contest in 2011 called "The Worst Bureaucratic Procedure of My Life". The aim was to solicit examples from users of extremely bureaucratic procedures as well as proposals to improve them.
Review of the Pilot Phase of the IDB's New Recommendations Tracking System
Authors: Bohemer Hanz-Martin
Published: March 2024

Since the establishment of the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) in 1999, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has made significant strides in meeting the good practice standards established by the Evaluation Co-operation Group (ECG) that represents the evaluation arms of the major multilateral development banks (MDBs). At the same time, the Panel concluded that "because feedback and learning loops are weak, the IDB evaluation system is not achieving its goal of contributing to the improvement of development results." The panel noted the absence of a tracking system for recommendations from evaluations and included in its recommendations the development of such a system as a matter of urgency to improve the follow-up to recommendations. The proposed objectives for such a system focused on the panel's findings of the need for a deeper interaction between management and OVE, as well as a stronger accountability tool for the implementation of recommendations endorsed by the IDB's Board.
Winds of Change II: Progress and Challenges in Open Government Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Ramírez Alujas Álvaro V. , Dassen Nicolás
Published: March 2024

Nearly five years following the creation of the Open Government Partnership (OGP), 15 member countries in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean are in the process of implementing open government policies.The OGP should be viewed as a collective work platform that enables ordinary citizens, representatives of civil society organizations, academia, and the private sector to collaborate with political authorities and civil servants in the design and implementation of public policy. Public scrutiny will be a measure by which authorities will be held accountable to provide absolute integrity and accountability. This paper is a continuation of the first review made of the regional panorama with regard to open government policy that was contained in the publication, Winds of Change, which examined the First Action Plans that were presented to the OGP by the same 15 member countries. This sequence provides a review of the Second Action Plans, and is an update in the form of a single statistical document that highlights the number of commitments and the issues that need addressing. The paper will focus on the OGP process and will offer recommendations on how to further stimulate the exercise and improve the quality of the information.
Approach Paper: Oversight Study: The Evolution of Administrative Spending in the Inter-American Development Bank
Authors: Alonso Pablo , Huppi Monika , Soriano Alejandro , Rose Jonathan , Crespo Anna Risi Vianna , Soldano Miguel , Rodrigo Maria Fernanda , Cuestas Ernesto , Ávalos Nayda
Published: March 2024

The Board of Executive Directors is interested in exploring ways for the IDB to continue to reduce costs and increase efficiency. As part of OVE's work program and budget discussion for 2016-17, the Board requested that OVE include in its 2016 program a review of the Bank's administrative spending, with a goal of helping the Board and management identify opportunities for cost reductions. This exercise is not meant to be an evaluation per se, but rather an activity that fits more broadly under OVE's oversight mandate. OVE's goal is to shed light on cost patterns and trends to help the Board and management in their decision-making and governance roles.
Corporate Evaluation: Contingent Lending Instruments
Authors: Haarsager Ulrike , Hernández María José , Jansson Maya , Schijman Agustina , Khadr Ali
Published: March 2024

Financial and economic crises and natural disasters can have serious and lasting negative effects on income and poverty, and can cause irreversible losses of physical and human capital. The welfare effects of exogenous shocks have prompted multilateral development banks, including the Inter-American Development Bank, to provide crisis lending to their borrowing member countries to avoid retrenchments in development caused by crisis-related fiscal pressures. The Board of Executive Directors has requested that the Office of Evaluation and Oversight conduct an independent assessment of IDB's contingent instruments designed to help countries cope with shocks. OVE's review is meant to inform a forthcoming study by the Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness aimed at proposing alternatives to better align Bank instruments to country financing and development needs, including countercyclical support.