bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis of Okra (Hibiscus Esculentus L.) Production functions In Nineveh governorate for Year 2019
Authors: Radhi Khaleel Hameed , Barbaz Dhurgham Salman
Published: April 2021

Vegetable production farms in general and okra growers in particular suffer from low production rates and productivity, which does not reflect the optimization in the use of available resources, and perhaps one of the most important reasons is the lack of use of scientific methods, as the farmers’ lack of technical and economic knowledge of the factors affects the production of okra crop. The research aims to estimate the production functions through which it is possible to analyze the production relations and the possibility of substitution between the various production elements, measure their substitution flexibility and find economic derivatives for them. Cross-sectional data were used according to a random sample that included 100 farms from Nineveh Governorate. The results of the estimation of the unrestricted production function showed that the function parameters are consistent with the logic of economic theory and statistical and standard tests. It was found that through the size of the function parameters, capital has a great importance in producing the crop compared to the labor element, since an increase of capital by 10% would lead increase production by 8.8%, due to the nature of vegetable crops production that needs increasing the capital, and it has been found that farmers produce in the rational economic stage. The substitution elasticity of the unrestricted production function was about 1.04, meaning that farmers produce according to the increasing returns to scale. We infer from the study that the economic resources used in the production process are optimally utilized, which led to higher production efficiency. The study recommends working to follow a production policy aimed at increasing economic efficiency and achieving the optimal use of the available resource combination, which is reflected in the increase in efficiency in the use of productive resources and improvement of efficiency.
Growth test and Yield of some approved varieties of Rice Oryza sativa L. under different environmental conditions
Authors: Farhood Al-Salim Salih Hadi , Joudah Yasir Al-Saidan Khudhair , Aldahak Laila , Harbi Hoda Hussein
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was carried out in five cultivation sites (L) ( Dhi Qar 1 (Shatrah) ( L1 ), Dhi Qar 2 (Karma) L2) ), Al-Muthanna (Al-Rumaitha) ( L3 ), Al-Qadisia (Agricultural Research Station) ( L4 ), Najaf (Al-Mishkhab) ( L5 ) to grow six certified varieties of Rice (V) (Yasmin ( V1 ), Furat ( V2 ), Dijlah ( V3 ), Amber baraka ( V4 ), Ghadeer ( V5 ), Amber 33 ( V6 ) ) during summer agricultural season 2019 for the purpose of studying The qualities growth and quotient components for varieties the Rice under the influence of various environmental conditions. The experiment was use Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. It showed The consequences excellence Najaf site ( L5 ) significantly over the remaining sites, with the highest grain yield reaching 4.216 t.ha−1. Furat variety (V2) was superior to most of the varieties for the characteristics (number of panicles, weight of 250 grains and the total grain yield) (446.0 panicle.m−2, 10.17 g, 5.08 t.ha−1 ) respectively. Interaction treatment L4V2 achieved the highest average grain yield 5.680 t.ha−1 Compared to the rest of interaction treatment.
The response of okra plants Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moenth. Cultivated in greenhouses for foliar spraying with nano fertilizer NPK
Authors: AL-Kaby Aman H. J. , AL-Jarah Talib M. M. , Haji Jameel H.
Published: April 2021

The study was carried out during the winter season 2018-2019 under the conditions of unheated greenhouses of the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture-University of Muthanna, to study the effect of foliar application with nano NPK fertigation and the number of sprays on the chemical properties of the leaves and fruits of okra plants Hasinawi variety. The study included four concentrations of nano NPK fertilizer (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) ml L−1 with number of sprays (once and twice) and interaction between them. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates per treatment. The means of treatment were compared by Least Significant Difference (L. S. D) at 0.05 probability. The aforementioned treatments and their interactions in the chemical properties of leaves and fruits were studied, which included leaf content of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, the percentage of total soluble solids (TSS) of fruits, the percentage of fibres, phenols, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the percentage of total protein, Results indicated that spray treatment with a concentration of 1.5 ml L−1 was superior in increasing the chlorophyll content, TSS and the percentage of fibers. Spraying twice treatment with nano NPK fertilizer outperformed all the chemical properties of the leaves and fruits under study. In the case of overlap between both factors, as the treatment of spraying with a concentration of 1.5 ml L−1 times was superior, with significant differences in most of the characteristics studied.
The Effect of Bacterial R. liguminosarum and Fungal T. harzinum Inoculation and Organic Manure on Root Nodes, Growth, and Yield of Mung Bean, Vigna radiate
Authors: Jawad Al-Shabani Huda Rasim , Kamal Jawad Abdel-Kadhim
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the bacterial inoculum R. liguminosarum, T. harzinum, levels of organic fertilizer (0, 5, and 10) t ha−1, and their overlap the root nodes (number of root nodes and weight of root nodes) and the growth and yield of a local variety of mung bean ( Dry weight of root mass, leaf chlorophyll content and grain yield). A field experiment was conducted in the fall season of 2020 in one of the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate / Al-Daghara county. The experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R. C. B. D) with three replications. The results of the statistical analysis of the least significant difference (L. S. D.) present that the overlapping treatment (bacterial inoculum, fungal inoculum, and five t ha−1 organic fertilizer) resulted in the highest means: number of root nodes, root nodule weight, dry weight of root total, chlorophyll content in leaves and grain yield, (72.33) Knots.plants−1, (463) gm Plants−1, (1, 547) gm Plants−1, (59.14) SPAD, and (3, 531) t ha−1, respectively, by comparison with comparison treatment.
Response of Two Purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Cultivars Grown Under Field Conditions to Different Rates of NPK Foliar Fertilization
Authors: Alhasan Ali Sabah , Abbas Majeed Kadhem , Al-Ameri Dalal Tareq
Published: April 2021

A field experiment has been used two purple cultivars of basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) during summer of 2019 at Al-Diwaniyah Station for Crop Cultivation and Development, Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq, to study the effect of different rates of NPK on some vegetative characters and oil yield. The treatments comprised different rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g.L−1) of NPK foliar fertilization which were applied after 50 DAP. Obtained results revealed that NPK had significant effect on all parameters tested in both cultivars. Red Rubin cultivar showed a linear relationship between all parameters tested and NPK rates. However, only one parameter; plant height, showed this relationship in Dark Opal cultivar at which, all other four parameter showed polynomial relationship. The maximum values for the parameters were obtained at the 3.0 g.L−1 NPK treatment for Red Rubin cultivar and at 1.5-2.5 g.L−1 NPK treatments in most parameters for Dark Opal. It can be concluded that NPK application had a pronounced beneficial effect on basil plant.
Chemical and Mineralogical Nature of The Sediments of Sawa Lake in Muthanna Governorate, Southwestern Iraq
Authors: Ali Al-Husseni Ayad Kadhim , Sagban Alabadi Luma Abdalalah , Khaeim Hussein M. , Al-Jutheri Hayyawi Wewa
Published: April 2021

The sediments of the Sawa lake surrounded area, southern Iraq, have unique proprieties that are interesting to researchers. Four sites located at varying distances from the lake were selected to study some of the properties of the lake sediment. The results indicate that the study soil is saline soils because of the values of the three salinity criteria (EC, TDS, and NaCl(. The values of electrical conductivity ranged between (100.11 and 74.78) ds.m−1for surface depths, whereas for subsurface depths ranged between (14.66 and 38.55) ds.m−1. The values of the total soluble salts ranged from (7.4 and 85.67) g/L. The percentage of sodium chloride ranged between (3.1 and 8.5)%. The results present that the soils of the study fall within the neutral to the low basal soils as the values of the degree of interaction ranged between (7.00 and 7.55). The sand proportion in soil texture was more than clay and loam proportions, which ranged between (420 and 780) g.kg−1. The dominance of the intermediate soil texture (loam) category for most depths of the study soil (S.C.L, S.L(. The distribution of sand particles of different sizes took the following patterns: The first location, which is far from the lake was the dominance of the soft particles rather than coarse particles. The second site, the closest to the lake, was the dominance of rougher particles. The soft and semi-soft particles of the sand were prevalent in the third and fourth sites, which were the distances between (155) m to (147) m, respectively. The results indicated the convergence of sediment content of light and heavy metals in all locations and homogeneity of distribution of metals in all sites.
The Effect of Biofertilizer of Azolla, Phosphate and Nitrogen Fertilizers on some Growth Traits of Rice
Authors: Al-Bdairi Sajjad H. J. , Kamal Jawad A.
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2019 in one of the fields of Al-Tahiniah village-Al-Mahanawiya district which is 36 km away from the Diwaniyah governorate center, to study the effect of azolla, phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers and the interactions between them on some growth traits of rice. The experiment was arrangement as factorial experiment according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) at three replications. The experiment included three factors, the first factor included the application of azolla (Azolla pinnataL.) at 20 tons ha−1and the control treatment (without application of azolla), while the second factor included application three levels of phosphate fertilizer (21, 42 and 84 kg P ha−1) as well as the control treatment (without application of phosphate fertilizer), whereas the third factor included application two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (92 and 184 kg N ha−1) as well as the control treatment (without application of nitrogen fertilizer). The results showed that the application ofAzolla pinnataL. gave the highest means for the content of rice leaves of nitrogen and phosphorous, plant height and leaf content of chlorophyll with a significant increase 14.83, 30.30, 6.37 and 7.80% respectively. Also, the application of phosphate fertilizer at 42 kg P ha−1was significantly superior and gave the highest results of the content of rice leaves of nitrogen and phosphorous, plant height and leaf content of chlorophyll with a significant increase 31.32, 12.38, 6.04 and 11.87% respectively. In addition to, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at 184 kg N ha−1had the highest results of the content of rice leaves of nitrogen and phosphorus, plant height and leaf content of chlorophyll with a significant increase 42.03, 16.22, 15.49 and 16.04% respectively, without significant difference with application of nitrogen fertilizer at 92 kg N ha−1. We can concluded that the application ofAzolla pinnataL. reduced the amounts of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer by 50% of recommended amounts and led to improve the growth traits of rice.
The relationship between draft force and horizontal force acting on passive tillage tool in term of soil-tool interaction. A review
Authors: Al-Neama Amer K. A. , Al-Jibouri Mousa A. , Esmail Essam L.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a review of the relationship between draft force and horizontal force acting on passive tillage tool in term of soil-tool interaction. Scientifically, the horizontal force is one of the draft force components, but sometimes in the literature refers to the horizontal force as the draft force. This difference needs clarifying.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Calendula officinalis (L.) Extract and Evaluating their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Khshan Kareem Talib , Alkafaje Hider Abass
Published: April 2021

The study was conducted in the Faculty of Sciences / University of Kufa from 2/2/2018 to 1/5/2019. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous, flower extracts of Calendula officinalis (L.) was firstly indicated by the color change of reaction mixture from yellow into reddish brown. Concentration10mM of AgNO3 and time of incubation 24 hours was done. The characterization of biosynthesized nanoparticles was achieved using UV-Spectrophotometer is a proven technique for the analysis of the nanoparticles. In Scanning electron microscope(SEM) (The shape was spherical and homogenous and the size was ranged between (63-100nm) of silver nanoparticles synthesized by plants C. officinalis. X-ray diffraction(the determination of average size of biogenic silver nanoparticles for C. officinalis was (16.73)nm, while for the commercial AgNO3 was (63)nm. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols and amide groups likely to be responsible for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle. Antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticle of extract were investigated at 330, 230 and 55 µg/ml that have efficient to reduction absorbance of free radicals. The largest inhibition titer was found in the mixture of DPPH with AgNPs biosynthesis from C. officinalis at the concentration 1.5mg/ml(91%) while the smallest inhibition titer was found in the mixture of DPPH with AgNPs biosynthesis from C. officinalis at the concentration 0.5mg/ml(65%).
Study of some Reproductive Characteristics of Cyprinus Carpio (L., 1758) from Main Outfall Drain in Al-Qadisiyah City, Iraq.
Authors: Al-Zaidy Kadhim J.L.
Published: April 2021

Sex ratio and gonadosomatic indices of fish give important indexes about the reproductive biology for the species. This study was conducted to investigate the reproductive dynamics of the common carp (Carpio Cyprinus) species in the DMO, middle Iraq, for a period between January and December 2017. Where the sex ratio, fecundity and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were assessed and calculated throughout the year. Fish samples were captured by using the different fishing traditional methods to get all the sizes without bias. Total mean of the female to male sex ratio was 1:1.22 and ranged from 1:0.67 in December to 1:1.75 in April. The highest average of fecundity was for the female and male at the age of 3 and 2 years respectively. The monthly combined values of GSI for both sexes indicated that the peak breeding season to the species of C. carpio occurred in February in the study area and lowest in the female and male in August and July, respectively. This study provided a baseline assessment of the case of reproduction to the species of C. carpio to contribute to the evaluation of the potential long-term consequences for this species of fish.
Estimation Genetic Stability of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes in Sallahaddin Governorate
Authors: Madab Dawood S. , Hamdallah Majid Sh. , Jabor Yasieen. N.
Published: April 2021

A field experiment was Carried out at two Locations (First: Field Crops station research \ Collage of agriculture \ university of Tikrit) and The Second in the agricultural Farm in AL-Houaish District of Salahaddin Province during 2017-2018 winter season to study the stability of some Faba bean genotypes (po6-oo1FB/FL, PO6-OO3FB/FL, PO6-OO5FB/FL, PO6-OO9FB/FL, PO6-O11FB/FL, PO6-O14FB/FL, Syrian Local 1arge and Aguadolce) introduced from ICARDA. Three distances among plants (20, 30 and 40 cm) was used. Factorial Randomized completely Block Design with–three replications was used. Result Showed that: most studied genotypes can be predicted by using linear function in most traits except protein percentage.(PO6-OO3FB/FL) and (PO6-OO5FB/FL) genotypes were stable ( coefficient of regression nearest to one ) in individual plant seed yield, and number pods.plant−1 and number seeds. pod−1, while (PO6-O11FB/FL) and (PO6-O14FB/FL) were stable in plant height, number pods. Plant−1, 100 seed weight and total seed yield. Therefore, PO6-OO5FB/FL followed by(PO6-O14FB/FL) produced high and stable seed yield also were stable in both in individual and efficiency plant yield and adapted for poor environments which can be regarded as a good stable genotype in Salahaddin Governorate environments.
The effect of Planting distance and insecticide on spiny bollworm Earias insulana (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae) in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum Variety Lachata
Authors: Qader Fadel Abbas , Saber Najdat Ghazi
Published: April 2021

The study was carried out in Al-Hawija / Kirkuk in one of farmer field piece that cultivated with Lachata cotton variety. The cultivated area about 1/4 hectare with Lachata variety by using three planting distance ( 10, 20, 30 cm ) and three insecticides Runner (Methoxyfenozide)1ml/L, Dimilin (48%) (Diflubenzuron)1.25ml/L and Actara ( 25WG) ( Thiamethoxam) 0.2 gm/L. The results showed that the lowest infestation 6.608% recorded at 30cm distance during blooming stage but the highest infestation 10.742% with spiny bollworm recorded at 10cm distance. The results also indicated that lowest infestation percentage 2.589% recorded with Dimillin insecticide and the highest infestation 10.511% with Runner insecticide. The results of study showed the effect of planting distance on cotton boll weight so the highest weight 4.283 gm recorded at 30cm but the lowest weight 3.708 gm recorded at 10 cm.
Physical geography in planning an Indonesia’s new capital towards integrated tropical city
Authors: Taki H M , Sunandar E
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate all aspects of physical geography in planning the new capital in order to achieve an integrated tropical city. Many aspects are important in planning science because they are the basic aspects of implementing planning in an urban and regionally, especially in planning a new capital as will be done by the Indonesian government, namely moving the capital from Jakarta to Kutai Kartanegara and Penajam Paser Utara. Many studies related to this have been carried out by academics, agencies or research groups, but lack of discussing the planning of the new capital in the viewpoint of physical geography in a systematic, comprehensive and complete manner, even though this study is needed so that the new capital can include all aspects of the planning needed. The research method uses study literature from various sources and spatial analysis with approaches to all aspects of physical geography. Investigations from the new capital found biodiversity and abundant natural resources in terms of physical geography. The conclusion obtained from the study is that the physical geographical aspects of the new capital have advantages and can be used as large capital in the future by incorporating the principles of smart, green and sustainability towards the integrated tropical city.
The characteristics of membrane chitosan from Mytilus sp and potential used in water treatment
Authors: Sinardi S , Iyrani A S
Published: April 2021

The membrane is one of the effective separation technologies used in water treatment. The membranes from natural materials an alternative eco-friendly. One of the membranes used in water treatment is a chitosan membrane. This study aims to produce membranes from green mussel shells (Mytilus sp.), beginning with making chitosan and characterizing chitosan. Chitosan was produced from No and Meyers method with some modification through 3 subsequent processes i.e. deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation. Chitosan characteristics affect the ability of chitosan to become a membrane. Chitosan characterization includes the degree of deacetylation and molecular mass. The characteristics of chitosan are the degree of deacetylation was 88.23% and the analysis of FTIR on chitosan which has a functional group of NH and OH. The results of the characterization of the chitosan membrane obtained can be used as a reference in determining the optimum concentration of chitosan membranes in water treatment.
Determination of carrying and load capacity using QUAL2Kw modeling simulation
Authors: Saily R , Setiawan B
Published: April 2021

This paper analyzes the river’s carrying and load capacity using the QUAL2Kw model approach. The river is located in Bengkalis Regency, Bukit Batu District. Modeling simulations were done with by using a scenario to determine the burden of pollution that occurs. This study consists of 10 survey points. The results of the water quality were compared to the indicators with the class II quality standards which are set by the government regulations. The results of this study shows that the Bukit Batu River needs to reduce pollution loads by more than 70%. However the land carrying capacity is in the surplus category, thus it shows the availability of land in the Bukit Batu sub-district’s sufficiencyt to meet the needs for agriculture production.
Linking green marketing with performance: Environmental marketing model for small business
Authors: Mujahid M , Haskas Y , Hamid M , Safar I , Arief A S
Published: April 2021

This study aims to enrich sustainability research and practice by review how green marketing as an environmental marketing strategy influences organizational performance in small businesses. This research also studies how the integration of learning orientation in the organizations internal culture determines the influence of green strategies to increase business value. A review of existing literature illustrates how investigations in this area have evolved in recent years, providing an appropriate framework based on prior studies and suggesting future research. This study collected data from 351 small businesses covering all industries types located in Indonesia to meet the research aims. The method used to analyse information is modeling the structural equations of cross-sectional survey data with the SMART-PLS software. The findings indicate that green marketing and learning orientation of the small business is an important driver which in turn, has a positive effect on performance. This provides empirical validation that companies that implement environmentally marketing and have the capability as a learning organization have proven to be effective in making a difference to the company’s value. Green marketing has more influence on how organizations increase their performance than organizations-learning orientation. Generally, the results support theoretical predictions, and several interesting findings appear.
Assessment of flood risk reduction in DKI Jakarta: Cengkareng Sub-district
Authors: Yatsrib M , Tajri R , Rifdah S , Chrysanti A , Kusuma M S B
Published: April 2021

Due to geographical condition, Cengkareng is one of a well-known flood-prone area in West Jakarta, Indonesia Annual floods may occur due to the limited bank full capacity of the local drainage system. This flood causes a significant loss of both infrastructures and human life. One of the most significant efforts in reducing this flood risk is the improvement of Cengkareng Drain channel as the main drainage system in the area. Cengkareng Drain conveys the flow of Angke River and Mokervaart River into the Java Sea passing through Tangerang and Jakarta. This paper discusses about the contribution of several alternatives of improvement in reducing the related flood risk. The flood hazard is analysed based on the standard criteria of PUPR. The risk analysis is done in accordance to the BNPB guidebook. Based on this study, it is found that the drainage existing condition may cause a high flood risk level in 5 areas and an average risk level in 1 area. This flood risk could be reduced by applying both structural and non-structural mitigation efforts. It this case, it is found that structural mitigation of dike development combined with non-structural mitigation of local community capacity development is the most effective solution.
Contribution of Manggarai gate improvement to flood in Manggarai Village based on recorded flood event
Authors: Kesuma T N A , Saputra D , Farid M , Kusuma M S B , Kuntoro A A
Published: April 2021

Manggarai Gate is one of the most important flood control structures of the Jakarta Flood Control System. Its performance capacity is a compulsory parameter for flood risk reduction of the Jakarta Flood Prone Area. This paper aims to evaluate the contribution of the capacity improvement of Manggarai Gate to reduce the flood hazard at Manggarai flood-prone areas located in the upper part of this gate. An additional gate section was conducted in 2015 as the structural flood hazard reduction effort to increase the capacity of this gate from 330 m3/s to 507 m3/s. Recorded floods characteristic event before and after this improvement was compared to determine the flood hazard changes during the flood observation period. Based on this determination results it is found that the contribution of the increment capacity of Manggarai gates in reducing the flood hazard depends on the sustainability of the river capacity, river water quality, and flood control operation. It could also be concluded the sustainability of the river capacity and river water quality is very sensitive to the social behavior of the community and the river stakeholder along the river catchment area in addressing the environmental condition of the river catchment area.
The characteristic of urban sprawl in Bekasi City, Indonesia
Authors: Sari D P , Wartaman A S , Luru M N
Published: April 2021

This study aims to identify areas and sprawl characteristics in Bekasi City. The City of Bekasi is a Jakarta’s buffer zone that experiences urban sprawl phenomena. The symptoms of urban sprawl in Bekasi City lead to the conversion process and resulted the densification of settlements in sub-urban areas. To control the land use caused by sprawl phenomena, it is necessary to identify the area and sprawl characteristics. This study used two approaches 1) to measure the urban sprawl index, 2) to analyze the sprawl’s characteristics in each village were identified as sprawl. The urban sprawl index is determined by the difference between the household ratio and built-up area ratio. Furthermore, the analysis of sprawl’s characteristic is using spatial analysis method. The variables in analyzing sprawl characteristics consists population density and building density. The results of this study indicate that1) 29 village or 51.79% village in Bekasi City identified as sprawl, and 2). From 29 villages, 10 villages indicate as low population density, and 9 villages indicate as low building densities.
The application of the English Garden Style in the Bogor Palace Area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widjaja H , Seanders O , Suryanti T , Setiawan E A , Hardjakusumah H H
Published: April 2021

This study’s objective was to identify the Istana Bogor, area as an example of the English Garden Style. Bogor City is one of the cities in Indonesia related to the history of the colonial period from Dutch colonial up to British Colonial and back to Dutch Colonial. The Colonial characters can be seen in several buildings and landscapes in Bogor. One of the colonial periods, which can be seen in the unitary area between the Istana Bogor (IB - Bogor Palace) and the Bogor Botanical Gardens (KBR-Bogor Botanical Garden), it will be called the Istana Bogor area. This research was conducted using descriptive methods consisting of historic landscape architecture base on English garden Style, as a reference. The results of the Istana Bogor area design established based on the classic English garden concept with local wisdom. It can be seen from the adaptation in the Istana Bogor area. This is the best examples of the English garden style in Indonesia.
Aerobic-pond Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) utilization as growth medium of Scenedesmus obliquus for lipid production
Authors: Situmeang C A , Sianturi R , Lestari Y , Martgrita M M
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to know the growth rate and biomass production of Scenedesmus obliquus in palm oil mill effluent (POME) medium taken from aerobic pond and to know the lipid concentration produced by S. obliquus. In this research, S. obliquus was cultured in various POME concentration, those were 20, 60, 80, 90, 95, and 100% v/v, while the concentration of inoculum was 30% v/v, and fatty acid content was analysed by gas chromatography. The results revealed that growth rate was decrease with the increasing concentration of POME (0.3545, 0.1792, 0.1566, 0.1268, 0.1158, and 0.1008/day), dry biomass weight was increase with the increasing concentration of POME (0.40, 1.20, 1.30, 1.77, 2.28, and 2.45 g/L), and lipid content also tended to increase with the increasing concentration of POME (13.10%, 36.59%, 36.65%, 50.37%, 60.40%, and 64.98%). Oleic acid and behenic acid were the dominant fatty acid content in S. obliquus lipid cultured in 100% concentration POME media. It is concluded that aerobic-pond POME can be utilized as growth medium for S. obliquus with a high lipid content.
Compressive strength value of clay soil stabilization with palm oil fuel and cement
Authors: Muthia A , Alfian S
Published: April 2021

Mixing native soil with empty oil palm ash bunches and cement is an attempt to increase the clay soil bearing capacity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding 5% of oil palm ash and cement bunches of 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, respectively, to the value of free compressive strength. The contribution of this research can later become recommendations for handling soil improvement. The method used is the testing of the compressive strength-free soil stabilization in a laboratory that refers to SNI 3638: 2012. The results showed that the clay studied was high clay plasticity with a liquid limit value of 55.3%. The addition of empty oil palm bunches ash and cement tends to reduce the value of the soil liquid limit to 41.77% at a percentage of 5% empty oil palm bunches ash and 10% cement. The strength value of soil bearing capacity increased to 4.90 kg/cm² on 5% ash of empty oil palm bunches and 10% of cement at 0 days ripening. The carrying value of native soil is 1.96 kg/cm². The conclusion is that the addition of oil palm and cement bunches ash tends to reduce the value of soil consistency and increase the value of the compressive strength of the soil. Addition of Empty oil palm bunches ash and cement can be an alternative to stabilizing clay soils.
Satisfaction level of intermodal public transport passengers at Duri Station, Jakarta Indonesia
Authors: Pelangi E T , Situmorang R , Levara J C , Taki H M
Published: April 2021

Public transportation is part of the urban transportation system in creating an integrated city to serve the needs of the population. Intermodal facilities function to connect passengers to the transportation network, and also strive for a comfortable, safe, and efficient movement of passengers between various modes of transportation. The quality of the public transportation service system is closely related to passenger satisfaction through service quality assessment. The train station (commuter line) serves and becomes a place to come and go for passengers who lives and aim to various parts of the Jabodetabek metropolitan area, besides that it also accommodates mode-shift activities between rail and road transportation service networks. Duri Station in West Jakarta was chosen as a case study because to get to and leave Puri Station, the passengers need another mode. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of intermodal transportation services at Duri Station. The indicators used are reliability, comfort and safety. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis method using a Likert Scale to measure the opinions or perceptions of passengers on the level of intermodal transportation services at Duri Station. The number of respondents is determined using the Slovin formula, from the calculation results there are 100 respondents, while the survey of respondents was conducted using Google Forms. The results of this study indicate that the level of reliability of intermodal transportation from the types of modes available, waiting time, information on stop locations, and transportation rates is declared good by passengers. The level of comfort is considered poor by passengers due to the unavailability of waiting places for advanced public transport and a roof that is shaded from the heat or rain and the safety level of passengers when changing modes of transportation is considered good by passengers.
Analysis of climate impact on urban landscape design adaptation (Case study: Green Lake View, Depok, West Java)
Authors: Wellsan A , Besila Q A
Published: April 2021

Global climate change threatens the structure and function of the ecological and economical system of urban landscape. The urgent need to mitigate and provide an adaptable urban landscape to climate change is becoming more widely understood, since the urban landscape allows a liveable environment for the well-being of urban dwellers and acts as a significant role in providing habitat for wildlife. The aim of this paper is to point out which urban design will able to adapt and mitigate future climate change that is applicable toGreen Lake Viewand other similar climate countries. This paper will firstly discuss the fundamental relationship between the urban landscape design and climate. Then, it will analyse which urban landscape design that are able to not only adapt but also mitigate the climate change, by focusing on five main aspects which are: water cycle, green infrastructure, material selection, sustainable drainage system and plant species selection. The different aspects that deal with different climate will then be evaluated to show the definite impact of the design. The result of this paper produced will be focusing on design recommendations within climate change and ways to mitigate and adapt throughout the years.
People perception on Carik Injeman area optimization as agro-ecotourism area in Cibodas Village
Authors: Febriani S D , Indrawati E , Yuslim S
Published: April 2021

The Carik Injeman Area is a land owned by Cibodas Village, with an extent of 20 Ha, which is yet to be optimized until today. The potentials contained its surrounding areas are highly potential to be developed as an agro-ecotourism area. One of these potentials identified in the Carik Injeman area is the application of the Integrated Farming System, which is also a part of the cultural aspect found in Cibodas Village society. The other potentials that support the initialization of agro-ecotourism in this area are the cultivation of 110 forest trees species, various types of vegetables, and coffee plantation. This research aims to measure the people’s perception of Carik Injeman area optimization as an agro-ecotourism area. This research is conducted using a descriptive-qualitative method with observation, interview, and focus group discussion (FGD) as data collection methods. The people in Cibodas are divided into 14 RW. The sampling technique in this research is a random sampling technique with the heads of the family as samples. The result of this research reveals that the Carik Injeman area is highly likely to be developed into agro-ecotourism by adding numerous supportive attractions, which will improve the prosperity of the people in Cibodas Village.
Waste bank as business development solution in e-warong KUBE PKH
Authors: Sariningsih Y , Purwanti Y , Dinihayati E
Published: April 2021

The Ministry of Social Affairs of Indonesia cooperates with the State Bank Association implemented the electronic program of Warung Gotong Royong KUBE PKH (e-Warong KUBE PKH) as a community business served as an agent managed and owned by beneficiaries of the Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) using non-cash transactions, most of small stall (warung) are located in a narrow alley in urban areas, but this program has not yet given a significant income generating for their members. The research objective was to describe the ability of e-warong to develop business. The research method used a qualitative approach by collecting data through a Focus Group Discussion which was attended by informants from e-warong actors, social advisor and Social Service Board representatives in the cities of Bekasi, Bandung, Banjar and Tasikmalaya, West Java Province. The results showed that e-warong operated mostly when only the distribution of Non-Cash Food Assistance (Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai/BPNT), and business development in the form of e-commerce (electricity payments, health insurance, mobile phone pulses etc.) did not work because the e-warong actors not yet familiar with business development in the digital era priority for distributing, selling, purchasing, marketing products (goods and services) by utilizing telecommunications networks such as the internet, television or other computer networks. The conclusion refer to utilize the facilities and infrastructure owned by e-warong for business development not only to improve e-commerce activities but also to run a waste bank for economic and social empowerment.
Study of traffic noise at elementary school Pondok Cina 1 Depok, West Java
Authors: Purwandari K H , Fachrul M F , Siami L
Published: April 2021

The study aims to analyze the level of traffic noise in the area of Pondok Cina 1 Public Elementary School and analyze the V/C ratio of the main road in front of the school area. The method of measuring noise levels is carried out by the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 48 of 1996. The data is then processed for the value of each road adjustment factor adjusted to the relevant road conditions by the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI). The results showed that the level of traffic noise in the school area ranged from 78.56 to 90.00 dBA. Compared with the results of these measurements, it is evident that the noise level has exceeded the quality standard. Furthermore, based on the calculation of traffic volume and road capacity, the V/C ratios are ranged from 1.23–1.62 which later categorized in the service level F. Road with this level of service has jammed traffic flow, vehicles at low speed, long queues, and large obstacles occur. To avoid having an impact on school activities, it is necessary to control traffic noise in the school area by creating noise barrier.
The role of agritourism in improving the management efficiency of integrated structures in the economy of the Krasnodar Region
Authors: Kovalenko L V , Kulik A A
Published: April 2021

The article describes the prospects for the development of agritourism in the terms of strategic management of integrated structures in the economy of the Krasnodar Region. The activities of agricultural companies involved in the integration process by the implementation of agritourism services are analyzed. We presented a guideline for improving the functioning efficiency of the integrated structures by forming the competitiveness of agricultural tourism services.
On the issue of the effectiveness development assessment of agriculture regulation
Authors: Tolmachev A V , Trubilin A I , Smirnov V V , Shamrov K N , Papahchyan I A
Published: April 2021

The authors clarify certain theoretical provisions and developments on the practice of regulating the development and optimization of state support for the agricultural sector. Presents the author’s vision of a system of relations of participants of agricultural production and executive management in agribusiness with the inclusion unit to support the dynamic growth of all levels of small, medium and large-scale production. A method for determining the economic efficiency of state support measures is proposed, which allows reducing the factors of influence of exogenous influences uncontrolled by business. The methodology for optimizing the level of state support, aimed at the final results of agricultural business, is supplemented with new criteria that form the social effect.
Device for removing proppant deposits formed in wells after hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Verisokin A E , Luk’yanov V T , Kutovoy A S , Datsyuk I O , Markov D A
Published: April 2021

The sediment of the mechanical impurities, salts, undecomposed gel, destroyed proppant is systematically accumulated after the hydraulic fracturing in the horizontal well. This process is negative for the well operation and requires additional flushing to remove sediment. If this sediment is not removed, then ultra viscous gelatinous crust is formed. The energy of the jet of the working fluid is insufficient to effectively destroy the resulting gelatinous mass in the wellbore. The paper analyzes the existing technological solutions and proposes a device developed by the authors, which allows the destruction of proppant sediments. Application of the device described in the paper will contribute to more efficient production of hydrocarbons after hydraulic fracturing.
Strategic food management as the basis of state security
Authors: Vorobiev N N , Agarkova L V , Vasyukova V A , Vorobeva I V , Krivokora Yu N
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the strategic direction of the planning process development for the promotion of food products that meet the requirements for environmentally friendly products. The focus of the study is on training and retraining of personnel in the field of activity involved in the sequence of commodity circulation from agricultural production to retail trade. The matter of adapting the digital support in strategic management of ecologically clean food products has been revealed, which makes it possible at this stage of technological development to accelerate processes in both production and sales activities. Moreover, the provision of food for inhabitants is globally considered at the world levels, and it cannot be limited to a single country. The computation of personnel training and retraining to ensure the process allows to expand the domain of research and making management decisions, which improves the specialists training in educational institutions in the country.
Economic analysis of environmental externalities in decision-making on partnership in the implementation of the sustainable development goals
Authors: Gogoleva T N , Kostyleva V I , Kanapukhin P A , Zvyagin S A
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of environmental costs in making decisions on cooperation in R & D in terms of implementation of the sustainable development goals. The authors consider two approaches to determining environmental costs. Environmental costs are interpreted in regards to economic theory and environmental accounting. The model of the oligopolistic market used to determine the benefits of cooperation in the development and implementation of projects related to environmental protection. It is shown that it is beneficial for firms to cooperate in R & D in the scope of environmental protection with other firms, scientific organizations and the government both in the domestic and foreign markets. The reasons are including reducing the cost of developing and implementing projects, increasing public welfare and implementing of sustainable development goals. The obtained results indicate the need for cooperation between economic entities, the government and international organizations both in the domestic and foreign markets to solve environmental problems, achieve sustainable economic growth and social well-being.
Contamination of Surface Waters of the Viluy River Basin by Mining Waste
Authors: Salva A M , Matveeva I P
Published: April 2021

In a number of heavy metals is very necessary for the sustenance of man and other living organisms, the so-called biogenic elements, there are also other causing the opposite effect, getting in a living organism, they lead to poisoning or death. These metals belong to the class of xenobiotics, that is, alien to life. Among the toxicant metals, a priority group was identified – Cd-cadmium, Cu-copper, As-arsenic, Ni-Nickel, Hg-mercury, Pb-lead, Zn-zinc, Cr-chromium and Fe-iron as the most dangerous to human and animal health. Of these, mercury, lead, and cadmium are the most toxic. The paper discusses pollution of surface waters of the rivers Irelyakh, Malaya Botuobiya and basin suspended solids-suspended solids, Fe-iron, Cu-copper, Zn-zinc Mn-manganese on the field “Irelyakhskoe placer” mining plant “Mirnyi” joint stock company “ALROSA”. The results of laboratory analyses of samples are presented, as well as the causes of contamination of river waters with these substances.
Validation of HVLT-R, BVMT-R, and RBANS Learning Slope Scores along the Alzheimer’s Continuum
Authors: Hammers Dustin B , Suhrie Kayla , Dixon Ava , Gradwohl Brian D , Duff Kevin , Spencer Robert J
Published: April 2021

Background

The learning ratio (LR) is a novel learning slope score that has been developed to reduce the inherent competition between the first trial and subsequent trials in traditional learning slopes. In essence, the LR is the number of items learned after the first trial divided by the number of items yet to be learned. Criterion and convergent validation of this LR score is warranted to understand its sensitivity along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum.

Method

The LR metric was calculated for 123 participants from standard measures of memory, including the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) list learning, and RBANS story memory. All participants were categorized as normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD. LR performances were compared between groups, among other standard memory measures, and with regards to how well they discriminated cognitively impaired from unimpaired samples—and within diagnostic subgroups.

Results

Lower LR scores were observed for the MCI and AD groups than the normal cognition group, with the AD group performing worse than the MCI group for several slope calculations. Lower LR scores were also consistently associated with poorer performances on traditional memory measures. LR scores further displayed excellent receiver operator characteristics when differentiating those with and without cognitive impairment—and MCI from normal cognition. Overall, LR scores consistently outperformed traditional learning slope calculations across all analyses.

Conclusions

This LR score is sensitive to memory dysfunction along the AD continuum, and results offer criterion and convergent validity for use of the LR metric to understand learning capacity.