bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification the Pathogen Cause a New Apple Leaf Blight in China and Determination the Controlling Efficacy for Five Botanical Fungicides
Authors: Li Enchen , Liu Jia , Zhang Shuwu , Xu Bingliang
Published: March 2024

Alternaria leaf blight has recently been described as an emerging fungal disease of apple trees which is causing the significant damage in the apple-growing areas of Tianshui and Jingning, Gansu, China. In the present study, the pathogen species involved in apple leaf blight and its biological characteristics were identified, and the inhibitory activity of different botanical fungicides against the pathogen was evaluated in vitro. Four strains were isolated from the symptomatic areas of necrotic apple leaves, and initially healthy leaves showed similar symptoms to those observed in orchards after inoculation with the ABL2 isolate. The ABL2 isolate was identified as Alternaria tenuissima based on the morphological characteristics of its colonies, conidiophores, and conidia, and this was also confirmed by multi-gene sequence (ITS, OPA10-2, Alta-1, and endoPG) analysis and phylogenic analysis. The optimum temperature, pH, carbon source, and nitrogen source for the growth of A. tenuissima mycelia were 28 °C, 6–7, soluble starch, and soy flour, respectively. In addition, the botanical fungicide eugenol exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and conidia germination of A. tenuissima, and the median effective concentration (EC50) values were 0.826 and 0.755 μg/mL, respectively. The protective and curative efficacy of eugenol were 86.85% and 76.94% after inoculation in detached apple leaves at a concentration of 4 μg/mL. Our research provides new insights into the control of apple leaf blight disease by applying botanical fungicides.
Multidimensional Impact of Dupilumab on Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Complete Health Technology Assessment of Clinical, Economic, and Non-Clinical Domains
Authors: La Mantia Ignazio , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Ragusa Martina , Trimarchi Matteo , Foglia Emanuela , Schettini Fabrizio , Bellavia Daniele , Cantone Elena
Published: March 2024

Chronic RhinoSinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) represents a condition mainly caused by the type 2 inflammation presence and marked by the existence of polyps within the nasal and paranasal sinuses. The standard of care includes intranasal steroids, additional burst of systemic steroids, if needed, and surgery. However, recurrence is common, especially among patients with comorbid type 2 inflammatory diseases. Recently, biological drugs, addressing the underlying cause of the disease, have been approved in Italy (dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab). A Health Technology Assessment was conducted to define multidimensional impact, assuming Italian NHS perspective and a 12-month time horizon. The EUnetHTA Core Model was deployed, using the following methods to analyze the domains: (i) literature evidence; (ii) administration of semi-structured questionnaires to 17 healthcare professionals; (iii) health economics tools to define the economic sustainability for the system. Evidence from NMA and ITC showed a more favorable safety profile and better efficacy for dupilumab compared with alternative biologics. All the analyses, synthesizing cost and efficacy measures, showed that dupilumab is the preferable alternative. Specifically, the cost per responder analysis for dupilumab, exhibiting a 67.0% response rate at Week 52, is notably economical at 14,209EUR per responder. This presents a more economical profile compared with the cost per responder for omalizumab (36.2% response rate) at 24,999EUR and mepolizumab (28.5% response rate) at 31,863EUR. These results underscore dupilumab’s potential, not merely in terms of clinical outcomes, but also in terms of economic rationality, thereby solidifying its status as a valid and preferrable alternative in the management of CRSwNP, in the context of the Italian NHS.
Outcomes of Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Pace Gian Marco , Giombi Francesco , Muci Giovanna , Giunta Gianmarco , Pirola Francesca , Serra Egidio , Zuppardo Jessica , Ferreli Fabio , Vinciguerra Paolo , Mercante Giuseppe , Maria Alessandra Di , Spriano Giuseppe , Malvezzi Luca
Published: March 2024

Background: Anti-glaucoma eye drops have been investigated due to their production of fibrotic changes on the conjunctival surface, undermining the functioning of the upper lacrimal drainage system. We aimed to assess whether these effects may impair the effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR). Methods: This is a single-center observational retrospective study on EE-DCR via a posterior approach. Resolution of epiphora and dacryocystitis were analyzed after 1 (T1) and 6-months (T2) from surgery. Surgical success was defined as anatomical (patency at irrigation, no recurring dacryocystitis) or complete (zeroing of Munk score). Results: Twenty patients (32 sides) were enrolled. Preoperatively, 93.75% (n = 30/32) presented severe (Munk 3–4) epiphora and 68.75% (n = 22/32) recurrent dacryocystitis. At T1, 50.0% (n = 16/32) were referred with residual epiphora (Munk ≥ 1) and 18.75% (n = 6/32) dacryocystitis. At T2, 31.25% (n = 10/32) still complained of epiphora (Munk ≥ 1) and 6.25% (n = 2/32) dacryocystitis. Difference of outcomes at aggregate and paired timepoints (except for T1 versus T2) resulted in statistical significance (p < 0.05). At T2, 22 (68.75%) complete, 8 (25.0%) anatomical successes and 2 (6.25%) surgical failures were observed. Conclusions: Despite the chronic uptake of anti-glaucoma eye drops, EE-DCR guaranteed high rates of clinical relief from epiphora and remarkable decreases in the rates of recurrent dacryocystitis.
Personalized and Complex Esthetic Oral Rehabilitation in a Case of Non-Syndromic Oligodontia
Authors: Pop Silvia Izabella , Procopciuc Ana , Mițariu Mihai , Mițariu Loredana , Pop Radu Vasile
Published: March 2024

Dental agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans and it is frequently associated with several other oral abnormalities. The present case describes non-familial agenesis of permanent teeth in a twenty-one-year-old boy with no apparent systemic abnormalities. The treatment included a personalized and interdisciplinary approach involving endodontics, orthodontics, implant-supported restorations and prosthetic treatments. The treatment plan was thoroughly elaborated using photographic analysis, study models, orthopantomogram, CBCT and cephalograms. Virtual smile design, diagnostic waxing and mock-ups previsualized the treatment objectives. The edentulous spaces were reconstructed by inserting dental implants and monolithic zirconia implant-supported restorations. The final results showed a highly esthetic and functional rehabilitation. Periodic check-ups have shown that the stability of the result is well maintained and that the implant-supported restorations are an optimal solution for patients with multiple anodontia.
Option Pricing Using a Skew Random Walk Binary Tree
Authors: Hu Yuan , Lindquist W. Brent , Rachev Svetlozar T. , Fabozzi Frank J.
Published: March 2024

We develop a binary tree pricing model with underlying asset price dynamics following Itô–McKean skew Brownian motion. Our work was motivated by the Corns–Satchell, continuous-time, option pricing model. However, the Corns–Satchell market model is incomplete, while our discrete-time market model is defined in the natural world, extended to the risk-neutral world under the no-arbitrage condition where derivatives are priced under uniquely determined risk-neutral probabilities, and is complete. The skewness introduced in the natural world is preserved in the risk-neutral world. Furthermore, we show that the model preserves skewness under the continuous-time limit. We provide empirical applications of our model to the valuation of European put and call options on exchange-traded funds tracking the S&P Global 1200 index.
Formation Process and Spatial Representation of Tourist Destination Personality from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage: Application in Traditional Villages in Ancient Huizhou, China
Authors: Ren Kai , Xu Jin
Published: March 2024

Tourism destinations are cultural heritage and spatial landscape systems of organic coexistence between humans and the Earth, and are formed through the long historical evolution of a specific geographical environment. With the development of large-scale cultural and tourism projects and the construction of scenic areas, many tourist destinations face conflicts between people and the environment and the crisis of discontinuity in the landscape and the cultural context. The concept of tourist destination personality provides a perspective for studying the interaction between humans and the environment in tourist destinations. However, existing research has not delved into the mechanisms of temporal–spatial interaction and spatial representation of regional cultural heritage in regional systems. Therefore, from the perspectives of geography and urban–rural planning, this study selects traditional villages in ancient Huizhou as the research object and employs relevant theories from cultural ecology to construct a paradigm for analyzing the formation path of tourist destination personality based on a cultural core from a regional systemic perspective. Building on this, this study develops a coupling analysis framework for the “accumulation anchoring” of heritage landscape representation in traditional villages in ancient Huizhou based on a cognitive understanding of tourist destination heritage landscape and a ‘time–space’ interactive model. The research reveals that the formation of personality in traditional villages in ancient Huizhou centers around cultural cores such as production methods, social organizations, construction mechanisms, and social beliefs. It is driven by basic forces such as resource endowment vitality, a social structure driving force, and a historical choice regulatory force, with the logic of forming dominant functions and obtaining expected benefits such as the core. The spatial representation of traditional village heritage in ancient Huizhou exhibits a synergistic evolution mechanism between ‘culture and landscape’. The research process and conclusions provide a basic framework and methodological system for the study of tourist destination personality and heritage revitalization, expanding the understanding of the process of human–environment interaction and spatial patterns in tourist destinations.
Carbon Release Characteristics at Soil–Air Interface under Litter Cover with Different Decomposition Degrees in the Arbor and Bamboo Forests of Pi River Basin
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Du Tao , Liu Shanshan , Abebe Sintayehu A. , Yan Sheng , Li Wei , Qin Tianling
Published: March 2024

This study adopted the method of “exchanging space for time” and set up three experimental groups based on the shape, degree of damage, and degree of humification of the litter, namely the undecomposed layer, the semi-decomposed layer, and the decomposed layer. Using typical slopes of arbor and bamboo forests in the Pi River Basin as the research object, from October 2021 to December 2022, the soil carbon release flux was measured by using a closed static chamber gas chromatography method to reveal the carbon release law at the soil–air interface during the decomposition process of litter and quantitatively characterize the dynamic impact of the litter decomposition process on soil carbon release flux. Results showed that soil methane flux remained negative (sink) while soil carbon dioxide flux was positive (source) in both litter-covered and bare soil conditions. The methane and carbon dioxide release from soil was positively correlated with and significantly influenced by environmental factors such as soil moisture content and temperature. The methane release flux from soil showed a linear fitting relationship with soil moisture content and temperature, while the carbon dioxide release flux from soil was more in line with the exponential fitting relationship with soil moisture content and temperature. However, there were significant differences in the roles of various factors under different types of litter.
Is Referent Reintroduction More Vulnerable to Crosslinguistic Influence? An Analysis of Referential Choice among Japanese–English Bilingual Children
Authors: Mishina-Mori Satomi , Nakano Yuki , Yujobo Yuri Jody , Kawanishi Yumiko
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine whether a crosslinguistic influence (CLI) is exerted on the referring expressions of the spoken narratives of Japanese–English bilingual children in different discourse contexts. Thirteen early bilingual (school-age) children separately presented Japanese and English narratives for a wordless picture book and a speechless video clip. Further, seven Japanese and nine English monolingual children participated as controls. The linguistic devices that the children adopted to introduce, reintroduce, and maintain the topic were compared with those of their monolingual controls to detect any CLI. As predicted, CLI for English on Japanese was observed but not vice versa. In Japanese, bilinguals utilize significantly more noun phrases (NPs) compared with their monolingual counterparts. More crucially, this was observed only in the referent reintroduction context, indicating that only discourse contexts that require the integration of much pragmatic information may be vulnerable to English influence. Null forms are barely utilized in English narratives; thus, no influence from Japanese was observed. We present the referential choice patterns in the elicited spoken narratives of bilingual school-age children acquiring an under-researched language pair. By controlling for the discourse context, we demonstrate that CLI is more likely to manifest in the reintroduction context. These findings offer additional evidence for the interface and structural overlap hypothesis, further highlighting the criticality of considering information structure as an influencing condition.
HLA Class II Allele Groups Involved in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Basedow–Graves Disease
Authors: Chiorean Alin-Dan , Nicula Gheorghe Zsolt , Bâlici Ștefana , Vică Mihaela Laura , Iancu Loga Luminita-Ioana , Dican Lucia , Matei Horea Vladi
Published: March 2024

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), particularly Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Basedow–Graves disease (BGD) are diseases of global public health concern, characterized by autoimmune attacks on the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism in HT and hyperthyroidism in BGD. We conducted a study between 2019 and 2021 in northwestern Transylvania (Romania) on patients with HT and with BGD compared to the control group. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlations of HLA class II alleles with AITD by identifying potential genetic susceptibility factors such as HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes in patients diagnosed with HT and BGD. Various molecular biology methods, including SSP-PCR low-resolution and PCR-SSO were employed to analyze DNA samples from patients and control subjects. Our study revealed the influence of the HLA-DRB1*03/*16 genotype as a genetic susceptibility factor for HT, a similar influence regarding BGD being observed for the HLA-DRB1*03 allele group, DRB1*03/*16 genotype, and the DRB1*03/DQB1*06 haplotype. The only protective factor detected in our study was the HLA-DRB1*13 allele group, for both HT and BGD. By elucidating any specific allele or genotype associations that might contribute to the development of AITD, our study can contribute to the prevention and early detection of these diseases.
Carding Behavior and Bearing Capacity of a Newly Developed Cylinder Card-Clothing Compatible with Cotton and Terylene Fibers by Nb Alloying of AISI 1090 Steel
Authors: Gu Weihua , Li Fuguo , Cao Youchang , Gao Qinchao , Zhuo Chengzhi
Published: March 2024

Changing the metallic card clothing on a carding machine is costly when the spinning mills want to card different fibers from cotton to terylene or vice versa. This article proposes a newly developed cylinder card clothing compatible with cotton and terylene fibers by Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel so that the spinning mills can change the type of fiber without changing the card clothing. Based on an idea developed from classical carding balance theory to study the adaptability of the cylinder card clothing for cotton and terylene fibers, the wall shear stress was used as the basis for compatibility analysis of carding behavior and bearing capacity with cotton and terylene fibers and as the focus of this study. Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel showed good wear resistance in carding areas after heat treatment with high hardness above 840 Hv0.2 and extremely fine grain grade of 13.5 class, which increased about 25% compared to conventional 80 WV. The testing results in the spinning mills, including one cotton and two terylene fibers, showed good performance with this newly developed card clothing. In conclusion, the card clothing made of Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel can handle different fibers with acceptable carding performance.
Binder Jetting 3D Printing of Binary Cement—Siliceous Sand Mixture
Authors: Shahid Mursaleen , Sglavo Vincenzo M.
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional printing allows accurate geometries to be obtained across a wide range of applications and it is now also moving into the architecture and construction industry. In the present work, a unique binary mix composed of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and quick-setting cement (QSC) was combined with silica sand aggregate in different proportions for a customized binder jetting 3D printing (BJ3DP) process. Specimens were printed using the blended dry powders and deionized water to determine the impact of the processing variables on the properties of the realized specimens. The results show that the properties are influenced by the binary mix proportions and the layer thickness. The investigation found significant improvement in mechanical performance on increasing the proportion of OPC and optimal conditions were identified with proportions of 35 wt% OPC and 5 wt% QSC. Notable enhancements were also observed as the layer thickness was reduced.
In Vitro Study on the Influence of the Buccal Surface Convexity of the Tooth upon Enamel Loss after Bracket Removal
Authors: Pallarés-Serrano Sandra , Pallarés-Serrano Alba , Pallarés-Serrano Antonio , Pallarés-Sabater Antonio
Published: March 2024

Polishing after the removal of brackets is the final step in orthodontic treatment. It is simple to perform, though some studies have reported that polishing causes damage to the enamel surface. An in vitro study was made of the influence of the buccal surface convexity of the tooth upon possible enamel loss when the remaining resin and adhesive are removed after bracket decementing using two different polishing modes: a tungsten carbide bur at low and high speeds. The convexity of the buccal surface was quantified in 30 incisors and 30 premolars. A stereoscopic microscope was used to obtain photographs of the profile of the crown, and Image J software was used to calculate convexity by dividing the length of a line from the cementoenamel junction to the incisal margin by another line from the mentioned junction to the maximum convexity of the buccal surface. Brackets were cemented on all the teeth and were decemented 24 h later. In both groups, the residual composite was removed with a tungsten carbide bur at a low speed in one-half of the teeth and at a high speed in the other half. The buccal surface of each tooth was then photographed again, and the convexity was calculated and compared against the baseline value. The difference between the two values were taken to represent the enamel loss. The convexity of the premolars was significantly greater than that of the incisors, but this did not result in greater enamel loss when the same polishing mode was used. However, the tungsten carbide bur at a high speed proved more aggressive, causing significantly greater enamel loss than when used at a low speed.
On the Use of the Fricke-Pluronic F-127 Gel Dosimeter for Radiation Isocenter Testing of a Medical Linear Accelerator
Authors: Piotrowski Michał , Maras Piotr , Kozicki Marek
Published: March 2024

This work presents a Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 2D radiochromic dosimeter with a flat-bed scanner for 2D reading and a dedicated data processing software package as a tool for performing coincidence testing of the radiation and mechanical isocenter of a medical accelerator. The optimal irradiation parameters were determined as follows: monitor units per beam and multi-leaf collimator gap, which are ≤750–≤2500 MU and 2–5 mm, respectively, for a cuboidal container with dimensions of 12 × 12 × 0.3 cm3. Despite the diffusion of Fe3+ ions occurring during irradiation, 2D reading can be performed at least 3 h after irradiation, without affecting the calculation performance of the coincidence test. The test was successfully performed for various irradiation settings. Overall, the Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 dosimeter has proven to be a potential tool for the coincidence testing of medical accelerators.
Cellular Internalization and Toxicity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Nobiletin in Eukaryotic Cell Models (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans)
Authors: Hernández-Abril Pedro Amado , López-Meneses Ana Karenth , Lizardi-Mendoza Jaime , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Luque-Alcaraz Ana Guadalupe
Published: March 2024

This study involved the synthesis and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with nobiletin (CNpN) and assessed their toxicity and cellular internalization in eukaryotic cell models (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans). Nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method and physicochemically characterized to determine their hydrodynamic diameter using dynamic light scattering (DLS), their surface charge through ζ-potential measurements, and their chemical structure via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hydrodynamic diameter and ζ-potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CNp) and CNpN were found to be 288.74 ± 2.37 nm and 596.60 ± 35.49 nm, and 34.51 ± 0.66 mV and 37.73 ± 0.19 mV, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images displayed a particle size of approximately 346 ± 69 nm, with notable sphericity for CNpN. FTIR analysis provided evidence of potential imine bonding between chitosan and nobiletin. Membrane integrity damage could be observed in both S. cerevisiae and C. albicans yeast stained with propidium iodide, demonstrating membrane integrity damage caused by CNp and CNpN, where higher concentration treatments inhibited the development of yeast cells. These findings suggest a selective therapeutic potential of CNpN, which could be promising for the development of antifungal and anticancer therapies. This study contributes to understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and eukaryotic cells, offering insights for future biomedical applications.
Process–Structure–Property Relationship Development in Large-Format Additive Manufacturing: Fiber Alignment and Ultimate Tensile Strength
Authors: Slattery Lucinda K. , McClelland Zackery B. , Hess Samuel T.
Published: March 2024

Parts made through additive manufacturing (AM) often exhibit mechanical anisotropy due to the time-based deposition of material and processing parameters. In polymer material extrusion (MEX), printed parts have weak points at layer interfaces, perpendicular to the direction of deposition. Poly(lactic acid) with chopped carbon fiber was printed on a large-format pellet printer at various extrusion rates with the same tool pathing to measure the fiber alignment with deposition via two methods and relate it to the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Within a singular printed bead, an X-ray microscopy (XRM) scan was conducted to produce a reconstruction of the internal microstructure and 3D object data on the length and orientation of fibers. From the scan, discrete images were used in an image analysis technique to determine the fiber alignment to deposition without 3D object data on each fiber’s size. Both the object method and the discrete image method showed a negative relationship between the extrusion rate and fiber alignment, with −34.64% and −53.43% alignment per extrusion multiplier, respectively, as the slopes of the linear regression. Tensile testing was conducted to determine the correlation between the fiber alignment and UTS. For all extrusion rates tested, as the extrusion multiplier increased, the percent difference in the UTS decreased, to a minimum of 8.12 ± 14.40%. The use of image analysis for the determination of the fiber alignment provides a possible method for relating the microstructure to the meso-property of AM parts, and the relationship between the microstructure and the properties establishes process–structure–property relationships for large-format AM.
Utilisation of Waste Sludge from Drinking Water Treatment as a Filler Material in Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Kahveci Tuna Eyüp , Özen Halit
Published: March 2024

This research investigated the suitability of using sludge from the treatment of drinking water in hot mix asphalt (HMA) as a filler material. The storage and environmental impact of sludge is an enormous problem, especially for countries with large populations. Two different types of sludges, ferric chloride (FC) and aluminium sulphate (AS), were used as a filler material in HMA. The Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test, which correlates with rutting, and the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test, which indicates the moisture sensitivity of HMA, were carried out at the optimum bitumen content of the mixes to investigate the usability of sludge in HMA. The test results indicate the usability of FC and AS in HMA compared to the reference mixes. However, the AS type of sludge has better rutting resistance than the FC type. Although the results support the usability of both sludges in HMA, it should be noted that the increased cost of the mix containing sludges due to the combustion process and the increased bitumen content during application should be considered.
Passivation of Sodium Benzenesulfonate at the Buried Interface of a High-Performance Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: La Sijia , Mo Yaqi , Li Xing , Feng Xuzheng , Chen Xianggang , Li Zhuoxin , Yang Miao , Ren Dongxu , Liu Shuyi , Cui Xiaoxia , Chen Jieqiong , Zhang Zhao , Yuan Zhengbo , Cai Molang
Published: March 2024

The phase segregation of wide-bandgap perovskite is detrimental to a device’s performance. We find that Sodium Benzenesulfonate (SBS) can improve the interface passivation of PTAA, thus addressing the poor wettability issue of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine](PTAA). This improvement helps mitigate interface defects caused by poor contact between the perovskite and PTAA, reducing non-radiative recombination. Additionally, enhanced interface contact improves the crystallinity of the perovskite, leading to higher-quality perovskite films. By synergistically controlling the crystallization and trap passivation to reduce the phase segregation, SBS-modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.27%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.18 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.93 mA cm−2, and fill factor (FF) of 82.31%.
Transferability of Multi-Objective Neuro-Fuzzy Motion Controllers: Towards Cautious and Courageous Motion Behaviors in Rugged Terrains
Authors: Salih Adham , Gabbay Joseph , Moshaiov Amiram
Published: March 2024

This study is motivated by the need to develop generic neuro-fuzzy motion controllers for autonomous vehicles that may traverse rugged terrains. Three types of target problems are investigated. These problems differ in terms of the expected motion behavior, including cautious, intermediate, and courageous behaviors. The target problems are defined as evolutionary multi-objective problems aiming to evolve near optimal neuro-fuzzy controllers that can operate in a variety of scenarios. To enhance the evolution, sequential transfer optimization is considered, where each of the source problems is defined and solved as a bi-objective problem. The performed experimental study demonstrates the ability of the proposed search approach to find neuro-fuzzy controllers that produce the required motion behaviors when operating in various environments with different motion difficulties. Moreover, the results of this study substantiate the hypothesis that solutions with performances near the edges of the obtained approximated bi-objective Pareto fronts of the source problems provide better transferability as compared with those that are associated with performances near the center of the obtained fronts.
Derivations of Incidence Algebras
Authors: Krylov Piotr , Tuganbaev Askar
Published: March 2024

We study the derivations of the incidence algebra I(X,R), where X is a preordered set and R is an algebra over some commutative ring T. A satisfactory description of the T-module of derivations and the T-module of outer derivations of this algebra is given.
A Signed Maximum Principle for Boundary Value Problems for Riemann–Liouville Fractional Differential Equations with Analogues of Neumann or Periodic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Eloe Paul W. , Li Yulong , Neugebauer Jeffrey T.
Published: March 2024

Sufficient conditions are obtained for a signed maximum principle for boundary value problems for Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations with analogues of Neumann or periodic boundary conditions in neighborhoods of simple eigenvalues. The primary objective is to exhibit four specific boundary value problems for which the sufficient conditions can be verified. To show an application of the signed maximum principle, a method of upper and lower solutions coupled with monotone methods is developed to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a maximal solution and a minimal solution of a nonlinear boundary value problem. A specific example is provided to show that sufficient conditions for the nonlinear problem can be realized.
Some Non-Linear Evolution Equations and Their Explicit Smooth Solutions with Exponential Growth Written into Integral Form
Authors: Popivanov Petar , Slavova Angela
Published: March 2024

In this paper, exact solutions of semilinear equations having exponential growth in the space variable x are found. Semilinear Schrödinger equation with logarithmic nonlinearity and third-order evolution equations arising in optics with logarithmic and power-logarithmic nonlinearities are investigated. In the parabolic case, the solution u is written as u=be−ax2, a<0, a,b being real-valued functions. We are looking for the solutions u of Schrödinger-type equation of the form u=be−ax22, respectively, for the third-order PDE, u=AeiΦ, where the amplitude b and the phase function a are complex-valued functions, A>0, and Φ is real-valued. In our proofs, the method of the first integral is used, not Hirota’s approach or the method of simplest equation.
Transfer of Sodium Ion across Interface between Na+-Selective Electrode Membrane and Aqueous Electrolyte Solution: Can We Use Nernst Equation If Current Flows through Electrode?
Authors: Keresten Valentina , Lazarev Fedor , Mikhelson Konstantin
Published: March 2024

Electrochemical impedance and chronopotentiometric measurements with Na+-selective solvent polymeric (PVC) membranes containing a neutral ionophore and a cation exchanger revealed low-frequency resistance, which is ascribed to Na+ ion transfer across the interface between the membrane and aqueous solution. The attribution is based on the observed regular dependence of this resistance on the concentration of Na+ in solutions. The respective values of the exchange current densities were found to be significantly larger than the currents flowing through ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) during an analysis in non-zero-current mode. This fact suggests that the interfacial electrochemical equilibrium is not violated by the current flow and implies that the Nernst equation can be applied to interpret the data obtained in non-zero-current mode, e.g., constant potential coulometry.
Mechanism of Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Particulate Fouling in Vacuum Membrane Distillation
Authors: Lee Yejin , Jeong Suyoung , Kim Jae-Hyuk , Jeong Sanghyun
Published: March 2024

Membrane distillation (MD) is a process driven by the vapor pressure difference dependent on temperature variation, utilizing a hydrophobic porous membrane. MD operates at low pressure and temperature, exhibiting resilience to osmotic pressure. However, a challenge arises as the membrane performance diminishes due to temperature polarization (TP) occurring on the membrane surface. The vacuum MD process leverages the application of a vacuum to generate a higher vapor pressure difference, enhancing the flux and mitigating TP issues. Nevertheless, membrane fouling leads to decreased performance, causing membrane wetting and reducing the ion removal efficiency. This study investigates membrane fouling phenomena induced by various silica nanoparticle sizes (400, 900, and 1300 nm). The patterns of membrane fouling, as indicated by the flux reduction, vary depending on the particle size. Distinct MD performances are observed with changes in the feed water temperature and flow rate. When examining the membrane fouling mechanism for particles with a porosity resembling actual particulate materials, a fouling form similar to the solid type is noted. Therefore, this study elucidates the impact of particulate matter on membrane fouling under diverse conditions.
The Conventional and Breakthrough Tool for the Study of L-Glutamate Transporters
Authors: Takahashi Kanako , Sato Kaoru
Published: March 2024

In our recent report, we clarified the direct interaction between the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 1/2 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by applying electrophysiological and molecular biological techniques to Xenopus oocytes. Xenopus oocytes have a long history of use in the scientific field, but they are still attractive experimental systems for neuropharmacological studies. We will therefore summarize the pharmacological significance, advantages (especially in the study of EAAT2), and experimental techniques that can be applied to Xenopus oocytes; our new findings concerning L-glutamate (L-Glu) transporters and PUFAs; and the significant outcomes of our data. The data obtained from electrophysiological and molecular biological studies of Xenopus oocytes have provided us with further important questions, such as whether or not some PUFAs can modulate EAATs as allosteric modulators and to what extent docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affects neurotransmission and thereby affects brain functions. Xenopus oocytes have great advantages in the studies about the interactions between molecules and functional proteins, especially in the case when the expression levels of the proteins are small in cell culture systems without transfections. These are also proper to study the mechanisms underlying the interactions. Based on the data collected in Xenopus oocyte experiments, we can proceed to the next step, i.e., the physiological roles of the compounds and their significances. In the case of EAAT2, the effects on the neurotransmission should be examined by electrophysiological approach using acute brain slices. For new drug development, pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics (PKPD) data and blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration data are also necessary. In order not to miss the promising candidate compounds at the primary stages of drug development, we should reconsider using Xenopus oocytes in the early phase of drug development.
Template-Free Synthesis of High Dehydration Performance CHA Zeolite Membranes with Increased Si/Al Ratio Using SSZ-13 Seeds
Authors: Du Jing , Jiang Jilei , Xue Zhigang , Hu Yajing , Liu Bo , Zhou Rongfei , Xing Weihong
Published: March 2024

Pervaporation is an energy-efficient alternative to conventional distillation for water/alcohol separations. In this work, a novel CHA zeolite membrane with an increased Si/Al ratio was synthesized in the absence of organic templates for the first time. Nanosized high-silica zeolite (SSZ-13) seeds were used for the secondary growth of the membrane. The separation performance of membranes in different alcohol–aqueous mixtures was measured. The effects of water content in the feed and the temperature on the separation performance using pervaporation and vapor permeation were also studied. The best membrane showed a water/ethanol separation factor above 100,000 and a total flux of 1.2 kg/(m2 h) at 348 K in a 10 wt.% water–ethanol mixed solution. A membrane with high performance and an increased Si/Al ratio is promising for the application of alcohol dehydration.
Sex-Specific Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic and Lead(II) Co-Exposure on the Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Shen Weishou , Zhao Meng , Xu Weichen , Shi Xiaochun , Ren Fangfang , Tu Pengcheng , Gao Nan , Shan Jinjun , Gao Bei
Published: March 2024

The wide spread of microplastics has fueled growing public health concern globally. Due to their porous structure and large surface area, microplastics can serve as carriers for other environmental pollutants, including heavy metals. Although the toxic effects of microplastics or heavy metals have been reported previously, investigations into the sex-differential health effects of combined exposure to microplastics and heavy metals are lacking. In the present study, the effects of polystyrene microplastics and lead(II) co-exposure on the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability, and fecal metabolome were examined in both male and female mice. Combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and lead(II) increased intestinal permeability in both male and female mice. Sex-specific responses to the co-exposure were found in gut bacteria, fungi, microbial metabolic pathways, microbial genes encoding antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, as well as fecal metabolic profiles. In particular, Shannon and Simpson indices of gut bacteria were reduced by the co-exposure only in female mice. A total of 34 and 13 fecal metabolites were altered in the co-exposure group in female and male mice, respectively, among which only three metabolites were shared by both sexes. These sex-specific responses to the co-exposure need to be taken into consideration when investigating the combined toxic effects of microplastics and heavy metals on the gut microbiota.
Microgrooves with Small Taper Angle Processed by Nanosecond Laser in Closed Flowing Water
Authors: Chen Guoyan , Zhang Junfei , Yuan Jian , He Bin , Han Jinjin , Zhang Suorong
Published: March 2024

To improve the capability of nanosecond lasers to process structures with a high aspect ratio, a new method of nanosecond laser processing in closed flowing water was proposed in this paper. The microgrooves on a stainless steel 304 surface were processed by the new method, and the influence of processing parameters on the microgrooves was studied. The comparative experiments of laser processing in still water and overflowing water were also carried out, and the unusual phenomenon of laser processing in different flowing water was discovered by a high-speed camera. The results showed that the flowing velocity played a crucial role in underwater laser processing, and that high flowing velocity could timely remove bubbles in closed flowing water, thus obtaining higher processing efficiency. As the depth of the groove increased, the bubbles firstly affected the processing of the sidewall, causing a circular transition between the sidewall and bottom surface. The reflection of the laser beam by the bubble could cause secondary processing on the sidewall, resulting in a decrease in the taper angle. Based on the above research, the microgroove with a width of 0.5 mm, aspect ratio of 3, and taper angle of 87.57° was successfully processed by a nanosecond laser in closed flowing water. Compared to conventional nanosecond laser processing, laser processing in closed flowing water was more advantageous in processing microgrooves with a small taper angle and high aspect ratio.
Molecular Diagnosis of Human Monkeypox Virus during 2022–23 Outbreak: Preliminary Evaluation of Novel Real-Time Qualitative PCR Assays
Authors: De Pace Vanessa , Bruzzone Bianca , Ricucci Valentina , Domnich Alexander , Guarona Giulia , Garzillo Giada , Qosja Rexhina , Ciccarese Giulia , Di Biagio Antonio , Orsi Andrea , Icardi Giancarlo
Published: March 2024

In 2022–23, the human monkeypox virus (MPXV) caused a global outbreak in several non-endemic countries. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of four real-time qualitative PCR assays for the laboratory diagnosis of mpox (monkeypox) monkeypox disease. From July to August 2022, 27 positive and 10 negative specimens (lesion, crust and exudate swabs) were tested in the laboratory of the Hygiene Unit of the San Martino Hospital (Genoa, Italy) by using home-made real-time PCR to detect MPXV generic G2R_G DNA. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, we also retrospectively analyzed these specimens using RealCycler MONK-UX/-GX (Progenie Molecular), STANDARD M10 MPX/OPX (SD Biosensor), Novaplex MPXV (Seegene Inc.) and RealStar Orthopoxvirus PCR Kit 1.0 (Altona Diagnostics) assays, recognized as research-use-only tests. The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of these assays ranged from 97.3% (95% CI: 86.2–99.5%) to 100% (95% CI: 90.6–100%) and 96.3% (95% CI: 81.72–99.34%) to 100% (95% CI: 72.2–100%), respectively. The RealCycler MONK-UX and STANDARD M10 MPX/OPX did not detect one positive sample with a cycle threshold of 36. The overall specificity was 100% (95% CI: 72.2–100%), and Cohen’s Kappa values ranged from 1 (95% CI: 0.67–1) to 0.93 (95% CI: 0.61–1). As they are highly accurate, reliable and user-friendly, these tests should be recommended for the routine or rapid laboratory discrimination of mpox from other rash illnesses.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Improve Nutrient Uptake and Microbial Diversity Relative to Dryland Site-Specific Soil Conditions
Authors: Calderon Rosalie B. , Dangi Sadikshya R.
Published: March 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobium play a significant role in plant symbiosis. However, their influence on the rhizosphere soil microbiome associated with nutrient acquisition and soil health is not well defined in the drylands of Montana (MT), USA. This study investigated the effect of microbial inoculants as seed treatment on pea yield, nutrient uptake, potential microbial functions, and rhizosphere soil microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes. The experiment was conducted under two contrasting dryland conditions with four treatments: control, single inoculation with AMF or Rhizobium, and dual inoculations of AMF and Rhizobium (AMF+Rhizobium). Our findings revealed that microbial inoculation efficacy was site-specific. AMF+Rhizobium synergistically increased grain yield at Sidney dryland field site (DFS) 2, while at Froid site, DFS 1, AMF improved plant resilience to acidic soil but contributed a marginal yield under non-nutrient limiting conditions. Across dryland sites, the plants’ microbial dependency on AMF+Rhizobium (12%) was higher than single inoculations of AMF (8%) or Rhizobium (4%) alone. Variations in microbial community structure and composition indicate a site-specific response to AMF and AMF+Rhizobium inoculants. Overall, site-specific factors significantly influenced plant nutrient uptake, microbial community dynamics, and functional potential. It underscores the need for tailored management strategies that consider site-specific characteristics to optimize benefits from microbial inoculation.
Study on the Neuroprotective Effects of Eight Iridoid Components Using Cell Metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Bingxian , Zhou Ning , Zhang Zhenkai , Wang Ruifeng , Chen Long , Zheng Xiaoke , Feng Weisheng
Published: March 2024

Iridoid components have been reported to have significant neuroprotective effects. However, it is not yet clear whether the efficacy and mechanisms of iridoid components with similar structures are also similar. This study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of eight iridoid components (catalpol (CAT), genipin (GE), geniposide (GEN), geniposidic acid (GPA), aucubin (AU), ajugol (AJU), rehmannioside C (RC), and rehmannioside D (RD)) based on corticosterone (CORT)-induced injury in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were randomly divided into a normal control group (NC), model group (M), positive drug group (FLX), and eight iridoid administration groups. Firstly, PC12 cells were induced with CORT to simulate neuronal injury. Then, the MTT method and flow cytometry were applied to evaluate the protective effects of eight iridoid components on PC12 cell damage. Thirdly, a cell metabolomics study based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was performed to explore changes in relevant biomarkers and metabolic pathways following the intervention of administration. The MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that the eight iridoid components can improve cell viability, inhibit cell apoptosis, reduce intracellular ROS levels, and elevate MMP levels. In the PCA score plots, the sample points of the treatment groups showed a trend towards approaching the NC group. Among them, AU, AJU, and RC had a weaker effect. There were 38 metabolites (19 metabolites each in positive and negative ion modes, respectively) identified as potential biomarkers during the experiment, among which 23 metabolites were common biomarkers of the eight iridoid groups. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the eight iridoid components regulated the metabolism mainly in relation to D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, the TCA cycle, purine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In conclusion, the eight iridoid components could reverse an imbalanced metabolic state by regulating amino acid neurotransmitters, interfering with amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism, and harmonizing the level of oxidized substances to exhibit neuroprotective effects.
Correction: Kharb et al. A Genotype-Independent, Simple, Effective and Efficient in Planta Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation Protocol. Methods Protoc. 2022, 5, 69
Authors: Kharb Pushpa , Chaudhary Rinku , Tuteja Narendra , Kaushik Prashant
Published: March 2024

Additional Affiliation(s): Updated Affiliation [...]
Chemically Modified Clay Adsorbents Used in the Retention of Protein and Polyphenolic Compounds from Sauvignon Blanc White Wine
Authors: Hortolomeu Andreea , Mirila Diana Carmen , Roșu Ana-Maria , Nedeff Florin Marian , Scutaru Iuri , Ureche Dorel , Sturza Rodica , Fînaru Adriana-Luminița , Nistor Ileana Denisa
Published: March 2024

During the manufacturing process of white wine, various physicochemical reactions can occur and can affect the quality of the finished product. For this reason, it is necessary to apply different treatments to minimize distinct factors such as protein instability and pinking phenomenon, which can affect the organoleptic properties of wines and their structure. In this work, a new method for the preparation of a sorbent-type material is presented through the fractional purification of native bentonite in three fractions (Na-BtF1, Na-BtF2, and Na-BtF3). Furthermore, the influence of the prepared sorbents on pH, conductivity, and amino nitrogen level was analyzed. The absorbents prepared and tested in wine solutions were characterized using the following physico-chemical methods: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BET-BJH) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, and transform-coupled infrared spectroscopy Fourier with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR). Following the analyses carried out on the retention of protein content and polyphenolic compounds, it was found that materials based on natural clay have suitable adsorption properties.