bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realizing Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing in the Post–COVID-19 Era
Authors: Diaz-Elsayed Nancy , Morris K. C. , Schoop Julius
Published: October 2020

The unique and unprecedented challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have resulted in significant disruptions to diverse manufacturing supply chains across the globe. The negative economic impacts of these unexpected and rapid changes in demand and available supplies have been severe, and the economic sustainability of many businesses has been revealed as being highly sensitive to such changes. COVID-19 will inevitably change manufacturing, potentially in a way that is not sustainable unless we factor sustainability into our “redesign.” Otherwise, the industry will remain overwhelmed in a reactionary cycle when the next major problem emerges, such as a lack of resources during a natural or man-made disaster. In this article, we present strategies for addressing three sustainability challenges relevant to manufacturing introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) an increase in waste generation, (2) uncertainty in life cycle impacts, and (3) navigating new modes of operation for manufacturing. To mitigate the sustainability challenges of COVID-19 and create a more resilient industrial sector, we need to assess the potential of each risk to product development and production processes. We envision a systematic integration of sustainable manufacturing principles and metrics into the business practices of manufacturing enterprises, including the products they produce and the processes used to create them. Realizing this vision will require greater availability and transparency of key data related to environmental and social sustainability factors, which can be used to create a clean and sustainable future in which pandemic and disaster readiness is realized through sustainable manufacturing.
GSK3β Impairs KIF1A Transport in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer’s Disease but Does Not Regulate Motor Motility at S402
Authors: Gan K.J. , Akram A. , Blasius T.L. , Ramser E.M. , Budaitis B.G. , Gabrych D.R. , Verhey K.J. , Silverman M.A.
Published: October 2020

Impairment of axonal transport is an early pathologic event that precedes neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), a causative agent of AD, activate intracellular signaling cascades that trigger phosphorylation of many target proteins, including tau, resulting in microtubule destabilization and transport impairment. Here, we investigated how KIF1A, a kinesin-3 family motor protein required for the transport of neurotrophic factors, is impaired in mouse hippocampal neurons treated with AβOs. By live cell imaging, we observed that AβOs inhibit transport of KIF1A-GFP similarly in wild-type and tau knock-out neurons, indicating that tau is not required for this effect. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a kinase overactivated in AD, prevented the transport defects. By mass spectrometry on KIF1A immunoprecipitated from transgenic AD mouse brain, we detected phosphorylation at S402, which conforms to a highly conserved GSK3β consensus site. We confirmed that this site is phosphorylated by GSK3βin vitro. Finally, we tested whether a phosphomimic of S402 could modulate KIF1A motility in control and AβO-treated mouse neurons and in a Golgi dispersion assay devoid of endogenous KIF1A. In both systems, transport driven by mutant motors was similar to that of WT motors. In conclusion, GSK3β impairs KIF1A transport but does not regulate motor motility at S402. Further studies are required to determine the specific phosphorylation sites on KIF1A that regulate its cargo binding and/or motility in physiological and disease states.
Astrocytes in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Area Promote Sleep
Authors: Kim Jae-Hong , Choi In-Sun , Jeong Ji-Young , Jang Il-Sung , Lee Maan-Gee , Suk Kyoungho
Published: October 2020

Although ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) nucleus is regarded as a center for sleep promotion, the exact mechanisms underlying the sleep regulation are unknown. Here, we used optogenetic tools to identify the key roles of VLPO astrocytes in sleep promotion. Optogenetic stimulation of VLPO astrocytes increased sleep duration in the active phase in naturally sleep-waking adult male rats (n= 6); it also increased the extracellular ATP concentration (n= 3) and c-Fos expression (n= 3–4) in neurons within the VLPO.In vivomicrodialysis analyses revealed an increase in the activity of VLPO astrocytes and ATP levels during sleep states (n= 4). Moreover, metabolic inhibition of VLPO astrocytes reduced ATP levels (n= 4) and diminished sleep duration (n= 4). We further show that tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ATP-degrading enzyme, plays a key role in mediating the somnogenic effects of ATP released from astrocytes (n= 5). An appropriate sample size for all experiments was based on statistical power calculations. Our results, taken together, indicate that astrocyte-derived ATP may be hydrolyzed into adenosine by TNAP, which may in turn act on VLPO neurons to promote sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlia have recently been at the forefront of neuroscience research. Emerging evidence illustrates that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type, are the functional determinants for fates of neurons and other glial cells in the central nervous system. In this study, we newly identified the pivotal role of hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) astrocytes in the sleep regulation, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the astrocyte-mediated sleep regulation.
Surgical management for an adult, female patient, with Ebstein Anomaly on Tricuspid Valve that has Subvalvular membrane with severe PS and multiple VSDs-A case report.
Authors: Das Gupta Saikat , Uddin Mauin , Howlader Siddhartha Shankar , Kumar Biswas Prodip , Kabiruzzaman Mohammed , Islam Talukder Mohammed Quamrul
Published: October 2020

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare and complexed heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve and is accountable for around 1% of congenital cardiac abnormalities. It is one of the most common congenital causes of tricuspid valve regurgitation. Ebstein's anomaly is often diagnosed prenatally due to its severe cardiomegaly. Some individuals with this anomaly do not experience any complications until adulthood and even then its mostly minor complaints like exercise intolerance.  Atrial septal defect is most commonly (70-90%) associated with Ebstein's anomaly. However, ventricular septal defect (VSD) can be associated with 2-6% of the cases. This particular report presents a case of surgical intervention for a 20 years old female with Ebstein's anomaly that had multiple VSD's and a severe Pulmonary Stenosis (PS).
El fraude contable en el Perú: periodo 2009-2016
Authors: Rebaza Carpio Ildefonso
Published: October 2020

En un contexto nacional de escándalos relacionados con la corrupción, esta investigación indaga sobre el fraude contable; más concretamente, sobre el fraude en la emisión de estados financieros en el Perú. El estudio se realizó sobre una muestra conformada por empresas de diversos sectores de actividad que cotizan acciones en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima. El trabajo realizado puso énfasis en la relación funcional entre las variables ventas netas (vn) y resultado contable antes de impuestos (rcai). Las evidencias demostraron que, durante el periodo examinado (2007-2016), el fraude se constituyó en una práctica habitual y extendida en nuestro país. En esa línea, la nivelación de resultados fue el instrumento privilegiado.
Saatnya Azas Demokrasi Dikembalikan Bersumber Norma Moral
Authors: Makhfudz M
Published: October 2020

Abstracts:Natural laws are vague and metaphysical, but that does not mean they are permanently stuck in the clouds. And when natural law is thought to exist only in the cloud, there would be no gain that can be gained from the positive law that applies in a region. However, as fundamental principles of natural law come to the fore in the way that their rules are converted into actual situations, the advantages of new natural laws are of considerable value to mankind. The composition of this paper employs a qualitative analysis process with a literary approach from a variety of literatures. The findings of the study suggest that it is important to restore democracy on the basis of moral norms.Keywords: Values, Democracy, Rules of Justice  Abstrak     :              Hukum alam bersifat abstrak dan teoritis, namun tidak berarti bahwa hukum alam selamanya tergantung di awang-awang. Sebab ketika hukum alam dianggap hanya ada di awang-awang, maka akan tidak banyak manfaatnya yang dapat dipetik oleh hukum positif yang berlaku di suatu Negara. Akan tetapi, ketika kaidah hukum alam yang abstrak turun ke membumi dalam arti kaidah-kaidahnya diejawantahkan ke dalam kasus-kasus konkret, maka manfaatnya hukum alam baru sangat terasa manfaatnya bagi umat manusia. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan dari beberapa literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan perlu mengembalikan demokrasi dengan bersumber kepada norma moral.Kata Kunci: Azas, Demokrasi, Norma Moral
Hospital Observation Status and Readmission Rates
Authors: Synhorst David C. , Hall Matt , Harris Mitch , Gay James C. , Peltz Alon , Auger Katherine A. , Teufel Ronald J. , Macy Michelle L. , Neuman Mark I. , Simon Harold K. , Shah Samir S. , Lutmer Jeffrey , Eghtesady Pirooz , Pavuluri Padmaja , Morse Rustin B.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

In several states, payers penalize hospitals when an inpatient readmission follows an inpatient stay. Observation stays are typically excluded from readmission calculations. Previous studies suggest inconsistent use of observation designations across hospitals. We sought to describe variation in observation stays and examine the impact of inclusion of observation stays on readmission metrics.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations at 50 hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Health Information System database from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. We examined prevalence of observation use across hospitals and described changes to inpatient readmission rates with higher observation use. We described 30-day inpatient-only readmission rates and ranked hospitals against peer institutions. Finally, we included observation encounters into the calculation of readmission rates and evaluated hospitals’ change in readmission ranking.

RESULTS:

Most hospitals (n = 44; 88%) used observation status, with high variation in use across hospitals (0%–53%). Readmission rate after index inpatient stay (6.8%) was higher than readmission after an index observation stay (4.4%), and higher observation use by hospital was associated with higher inpatient-only readmission rates. When compared with peers, hospital readmission rank changed with observation inclusion (60% moving at least 1 quintile).

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of observation status is variable among children’s hospitals. Hospitals that more liberally apply observation status perform worse on the current inpatient-to-inpatient readmission metric, and inclusion of observation stays in the calculation of readmission rates significantly affected hospital performance compared with peer institutions. Consideration should be given to include all admission types for readmission rate calculation.
Revisión sistemática de literatura sobre suicidio: factores de riesgo y protectores en jóvenes latinoamericanos 1995-2017
Authors: González Sancho Roy David , Picado Cortés Maikol
Published: October 2020

Objetivo. Conocer el estado de la investigación sobre los factores protectores y de riesgo de suicidio en jóvenes en varios países de América Latina. Método. El estudio se ha realizado mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura y con un enfoque cualitativo. Resultados. La mayor parte de los estudios analizados para este artículo se han realizado desde ciencias de la salud con predominio de enfoques cuantitativos, avocándose principalmente en factores de riesgo y en menor medida en factores protectores. No obstante, se reconoce la necesidad de estudiar más a fondo estos últimos, así como las medidas de prevención que puedan ser útiles en intervenciones e investigaciones futuras. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado que la familia como primer espacio de interacción social, representa un elemento determinante tanto en el desarrollo de factores protectores como de riesgo en jóvenes. Además, se destaca que para esta población la combinación de diferentes factores de riesgo podría agravar considerablemente la ocurrencia de un intento o consumación de suicidio.
Factors shaping the price of geodetic works in regard to the necessity of adapting land and buildings register databases to the requirements of the inspire directive based on the example of Małopolskie Voivodeship
Authors: Dacko Aneta , Szewczyk Robert
Published: October 2020

The development of the information society requires an appropriate infrastructure. One of its pillars is information on the boundaries of property ownership rights and information on buildings. According to Polish regulations, this information is included in the land and buildings register database (EGiB). In case of poor quality and incomplete data that does not meet statutory requirements, a modernization of the database is necessary. Its proper execution requires large amount of work and money. For this reason in recent years many programs have been created, co-financed from EU funds, under which geodetic works are conducted, including the modernization of the land and buildings register database.
The paper presents an analysis of the main factors affecting the prices of modernization of land and buildings register in Małopolskie Voivodeship. For this purpose, data from tenders for the modernization of the EGIB database, published by public administration units operating this database, were used. The model containing multiple regressions allowed to estimate that the cost per unit of modernizing EGiB is impacted by: total plots/ha, the amount of buildings for measurement/ha and the type of maps in geodetic documentation.
Prospect of development of the VRSNET reference stations network
Authors: Kudas Dawid , Wnęk Agnieszka , Savchyn Ihor
Published: October 2020

The VRSNET is a commercial active geodetic network of reference stations deployed on Polish territory and in neighbouring countries. The paper presents a spatial analysis of locations of VRSNET permanent stations whose antennas and satellite receivers continuously record signals transmitted by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The study focused on delimiting the potential average range of individual stations in Poland. Spatial analyses, including Voronoi/Thiessen diagram (Dirichlet tessellations) and spatial buffers were used in the research. The study evaluated the geometry of the VRSNET network for the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) measurements that use base vectors solely from the analysed stations. Possible development of the VRSNET network through launching new reference stations was elaborated, too. The spatial analyses indicated the localisation and range of areas with an insufficient density of the VRSNET network. The locations of 16 new reference stations have been delimited on Polish territory. The VRSNET network with newly designed stations was reassessed for validation using the Voronoi/Thiessen diagram and spatial buffers. The results were compared with the parameters for the Active Geodetic Network – European Position Determination System (ASG-EUPOS). Improved RTK measurement geometric parameters resulting from the proposed scenario of the VRSNET network development have been demonstrated. Network density can also have a positive impact on the measurement results of the Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK).
An assessment of the accuracy of structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry for 3D terrain mapping
Authors: Iheaturu Chima Jude , Ayodele Emmanuel Gbenga , Okolie Chukwuma John
Published: October 2020

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with photogrammetric or remote sensing instrumentations offer numerous opportunities in mapping and data collection for topographic modelling. An example is an emerging technique known as Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry used for the collection of low-cost, high spatial resolution, three-dimensional data. This study utilised the real time kinematic-based point-to-point validation technique and two sets of randomly selected ground control points to assess the capability and geometric accuracy of SfM-technology for three-dimensional (3D) terrain mapping over a small study area to contribute to the knowledge of applicability. The data used was collected in Garscube Sports Complex, Glasgow City Council, Scotland. The study utilised fifteen (15) Ground Control Points (GCPs) coordinated by the Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK GNSS) positioning technique, while a DJI Phantom 3 Professional unmanned aerial vehicle was used to obtain the aerial photos in a single flight to minimise cost. The processing of the photos was done using Pix4Dmapper Pro software version 4.2.27. A point-to-point validation method was used to evaluate the 3D positional accuracy of the orthophoto and DSM. The results of the validation with ten checkpoints suggest a high level of accuracy and acceptability given a Root Mean Square Error of 20.93 mm, 18.48 mm and 46.05 mm in the X, Y and Z coordinates respectively. In conclusion, the study has shown that SfM technique can be used to produce high-resolution and accurate topographic data for geospatial applications with significant advantages over the traditional methods. However, it is to be noted that the quality of the data captured is dependent on the methodology adopted and should be taken into consideration.
Data classification based on photogrammetry
Authors: Piech Izabela , Żaba Tadeusz , Jankowska Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The aim of the paper was to classify data from aerial laser scanning and CIR digital images, which were orientated, connected and aligned by the Agisoft Photoscan software. Then, in order to distinguish the ground a point cloud was generated. This was to create a correct terrain mesh and, in consequence, an orthophotomap. The next stage is to develop a new point cloud using ArcGIS. The land cover from the images was combined with the ground mapped by LiDAR. New heights were calculated relative to the ground surface height 0. The point cloud was converted into a raster form, providing a normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM). It was the first element of the output composition, which also consisted of the NIR and RED channels, acquired from the cloud point generated in Agisoft. The colour composition obtained in such way was subjected to four object-oriented and pixel-oriented classification methods: I – ISO Cluster, II – Maximum Likelihood, III – Random Trees, IV – Support Vector Machine. Object grouping is possible due to information stored in the display content. This technique is prompted by human ability of image interpretation. It draws attention to more variables, so effects similar to human perception of reality are possible to achieve. The unsupervised method is based on a process of automatic search for image fragments, which allows assigning them to individual categories by a statistical analysis algorithm. In turn, supervised method uses “training datasets”, which are used to “teach” the program assigning individual or grouped pixels to classes [Benz UC et al., 2004]. The area studied for land development was the Lutowiska municipality, in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Bieszczady County. As a result of the classification, 11 classes of terrain features were distinguished: class 0 – road infrastructure, class 1 – roads, class 2 – buildings, class 3 – waters, class 4 – meadows, class 5 – arable lands, class 6 – pastures, class 7 – high vegetation, class 8 – medium vegetation, class 9 – low vegetation, class 10 – quarry. The area of research covers an area of about 28 km2. Aerial images were made in 2015. Field vision and photopoint measurement was carried out in May 2018.
Reflexões sobre a humanização do cuidado na presença de uma doença ameaçadora da vida
Authors: Borox Guimarães Tamara , Magni Cristiana
Published: October 2020

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi compreender o processo de adoecimento por meio do relato de experiência de uma profissional da enfermagem diagnosticada com câncer. Os profissionais da área da saúde convivem em suas práticas com pacientes e familiares no enfrentamento de doenças ameaçadoras da vida e vivenciam o impacto e as mudanças que o diagnóstico e o tratamento causam na vida dos pacientes e familiares. A multidimensionalidade dos seres humanos deve ser considerada primordialmente no âmbito da corresponsabilização da equipe multidisciplinar para a oferta de um cuidado humanizado a pacientes e familiares. A comunicação efetiva entre os profissionais, pacientes e familiares, convívio familiar e apoio espiritual é um dos aspectos que corroboram com a abordagem dos cuidados paliativos. Este relato traz à tona uma reflexão para que todos os profissionais de saúde repensem suas práticas através de um olhar mais humanizado no processo de morte e morrer.
Paulo Freire e a leitura crítica da Palavramundo no enfrentamento da vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Da Silva Ramos Bruna Sola , Ferreira Magda Aparecida Lombardi , De Brito Rodrigues Lucas Rocha
Published: October 2020

O presente texto aborda uma experiência extensionista fundamentada na leitura crítica como modo de enfrentamento da vulnerabilidade social que condiciona jovens moradores da periferia de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Com fundamento teórico-metodológico em Paulo Freire, discutimos a potencialidade da leitura como ato político que oportuniza o pensamento crítico e apresentamos os Círculos de Leitura Crítica como instrumento metodológico propício ao posicionamento consciente dos sujeitos diante de sua realidade. Evidenciando uma prática pedagógica orientada pela investigação temática freireana e convergente à leitura problematizadora da palavramundo, trazemos à cena as possibilidades da leitura crítica como caminho para uma compreensão mais profunda da realidade e, por conseguinte, instrumento da luta contra a desumanização.
Tempo de re-colhimento – es-colher as lutas e re-colher a esperança
Authors: Junker Débora Barbosa Agra
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo ressaltar a relevância do pensamento de Freire como teoria educacional e práxis pedagógica que recupera a utopia para um mundo que enfrenta profunda crise sócio-geopolítica-econômica e incertezas diante de uma pandemia que afeta especialmente pessoas mais vulnerabilizadas de nossa sociedade. Argumenta que o espaço intermediário, zona limítrofe, entre o mundo pré-pandemia e pós-pandemia pode ser espaço criativo para refundar nossas epistemologias, cultivar nossa resiliência e despertar nossa sensibilidade para tecermos coletivamente uma nova forma de convivência.
Paulo Freire e educação humanista: (re)aberturas humanas na construção do Ser mais no mundo
Authors: Figueiredo Allan Diêgo Rodrigues , Ferreira da Silva André Gustavo
Published: October 2020

Este artigo se propõe a refletir o lugar do ser humano na educação a partir das tessituras pedagógicas do pensamento freireano acerca da educação humanista, tomando como pontos primaciais as categorias de Inacabamento humano e Ser mais. A investigação buscou problematizar quais as contribuições do humanismo freireano, procurando considerar o lugar do ser humano na educação. Para isso, a pesquisa mobilizou-se pelo caráter qualitativo, exploratório e percurso de levantamento bibliográfico. Por fim, compreendeu-se que a educação humanista tem como princípio conduzir os sujeitos sociais ao centro do processo reflexivo, da formação humana e de seu projeto teorético-prático que instiga homens e mulheres à tomada de consciência e à atuação no mundo. A educação humanista revela-se um percurso filosófico/libertador capaz de propor aos seres humanos novas leituras sobre mundo e a palavra.
A metrizable Lawson semitopological semilattice with non-closed partial order
Authors: Banakh Taras , Bardyla Serhii , Ravsky Alex
Published: October 2020

We construct a metrizable Lawson semitopological semilattice $X$ whose partial order $\le_X\,=\{(x,y)\in X\times X:xy=x\}$ is not closed in $X\times X$. This resolves a problem posed earlier by the authors.
A survey of homotopy nilpotency and co-nilpotency
Authors: Golasinski Marek
Published: October 2020

We review known and state some new results on homotopy nilpotency and co-nilpotency of spaces. Next, we take up the systematic study of homotopy nilpotency of homogenous spaces G/K for a Lie group G and its closed subgroup K < G. The homotopy nilpotency of the loop spaces Ω(Gn,m(K)) and Ω(Vn,m(K)) of Grassmann Gn,m(K) and Stiefel Vn,m(K) manifolds for K = R, C, the field of reals or complex numbers and H, the skew R-algebra of quaternions is shown.
Current uses of intracranial vessel wall imaging for clinical practice: a high-resolution MR technique recently available
Authors: PACHECO Felipe Torres , CRUZ JUNIOR Luiz Celso Hygino da , PADILHA Igor Gomes , NUNES Renato Hoffmann , MAIA JUNIOR Antônio Carlos Martins , CAMPOS Christiane Monteiro Siqueira , AMARAL Lázaro Luís Faria do , MASSARO Ayrton Roberto , ROCHA Antônio José da
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Intracranial vessel wall imaging plays an increasing role in diagnosing intracranial vascular diseases. With the growing demand and subsequent increased use of this technique in clinical practice, radiologists and neurologists should be aware of the choices in imaging parameters and how they affect image quality, clinical indications, methods of assessment, and limitations in the interpretation of these images. Due to the improvement of the MRI techniques, the possibility of accurate and direct evaluation of the abnormalities in the arterial vascular wall (vessel wall imaging) has evolved, adding substantial data to diagnosis when compared to the indirect evaluation based on conventional flow analyses. Herein, the authors proposed a comprehensive approach of this technique reinforcing appropriated clinical settings to better use intracranial vessel wall imaging.
Capital account liberalization and its effects on economic growth and financial instability: the exante orthodox models were wrong
Authors: ANGELICO DIEGO GARCIA , OLIVEIRA GIULIANO CONTENTO DE
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT The financial crises in emerging economies during the 1990s and 2000s propelled academia and multilateral institutions to investigate whether the promised benefits of capital account liberalization were being delivered or not. In the course of empirical studies on the subject, many ex ante theoretical assumptions on financial globalization were demystified, and previously unknown risks and dysfunctions began to be evidenced. This article analyzes the main empirical studies on the effects of financial globalization published in the last two decades and shows that the main conventional assumptions that were built to theoretically base the capital account liberalization processes that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s were wrong.
Redesign or demise of old Developmental States? East Asia in the post-financial crisis of 2008
Authors: Silva Roberta Rodrigues Marques da , Moura Rafael Shoenmann de
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT This article investigates comparatively the recent developmental dynamics of four East Asian political economies: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and China. We analyze how the critical juncture engendered by the systemic crisis of the US subprime impacted on its State capabilities, particularly regarding industrial policy, being mediated by the respective regulatory and institutional frameworks. Additionally, we compare the impacts of the 2008 crisis and the previous Asian regional crisis of 1997. Our findings indicate that State capabilities, associated to the historical construction of a Developmental State, were a central feature to understand the resilience of each political economy.
EL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN Y AL CUIDADO EN LA PRIMERA INFANCIA: PERSPECTIVAS DESDE AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE
Authors: LASSALLE MERCEDES MAYOL , CROSO CAMILLA , MAGALHÃES GIOVANNA MODÉ
Published: October 2020

RESÚMEN: El texto presenta los resultados de una investigación concluida en 2018 que tuvo como objetivo conocer la situación de la educación en la primera infancia (0-8 años) en América Latina y el Caribe, buscando entender en qué medida los principios y propósitos de la educación plasmados en la Convención de Derechos del Niño (CDN) están presentes en las legislaciones y políticas públicas educativas en 10 países: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Honduras, México y República Dominicana. Además del análisis documental y legislativo, se hicieron entrevistas con expertos en la temática. Pese a los avances legislativos encontrados, las políticas expresan una gran heterogeneidad y fragmentación. La investigación revela desafíos importantes con respecto a la efectiva implementación de enfoques intersectoriales para esta etapa educativa, incluso en la definición de su financiamiento y en la aplicación de posibles mecanismos de exigibilidad política y jurídica de dichos derechos.
Family farming in times of Covid-19
Authors: CAVALLI Suzi Barletto , SOARES Panmela , MARTINELLI Suellen Secchi , SCHNEIDER Sergio
Published: October 2020

Abstract Family farming plays a vital role in the global food supply. The mobility restriction measures adopted internationally to contain Covid-19 are necessary to control the pandemic progress. However, they can impair food production and distribution. This paper aims to discuss the effects of the Covid-19 containment measures on the production and distribution of family farming food, and strategies to strengthen this sector. Sanitary and social distancing requirements, the interruption of supply to institutional markets, the closure of local farmers’ markets, or people’s declining food demand are hampering family farming food production’s flow and shrinking family farmers’ income. This situation can jeopardize the food sovereignty and nutritional security of the population in the medium and long term. Access to Personal Protective Equipment, the reorganization of local farmers’ markets, investment in new technologies for direct commercialization, guarantee of minimum income, and the strengthening/expansion of institutional food purchases are some of the strategies that can contribute to overcome the new challenges imposed on family farming as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. We conclude the article by arguing that the support to and enhancement of the family farming sector are strategic to ensure food supply and to strengthen food and nutrition sovereignty and security.
PSICANÁLISE EM PESQUISAS: O MÉTODO INVESTIGATIVO E ALGUMAS AFIRMAÇÕES ESSENCIAIS A DUAS CRÍTICAS RECORRENTES
Authors: Mendes Rita de Cássia Cardoso da Silva , Paravidini João Luiz Leitão
Published: October 2020

RESUMO: Compreende-se a Psicanálise enquanto método, técnica e um conjunto de teorias aplicadas no estudo dos processos inconscientes. Entretanto, não é raro constatarmos, em alguns contextos como na Academia, ou mesmo na comunidade analítica, o destaque atribuído à Psicanálise, ora como um tratamento psicanalítico, restringindo-a a uma prática terapêutica, ora identificado à sua teoria. Desse modo, objetiva-se nesse artigo enfatizar o potencial investigativo da Psicanálise através de seu método. Este, diferente do que alguns analistas acreditam, pode ser desenvolvido para além da clínica padrão, como temos acompanhado através das pesquisas acadêmicas.
Controle social e governo de dados
Authors: Amaral Augusto Jobim do , Dias Felipe da Veiga
Published: October 2020

Resumo O artigo tem como temas o controle e a biopolítica, tendo a sua delimitação nas questões tecnológicas como parte das relações de controle biopolítico e na afetação local. O problema de pesquisa é: de que forma o atual projeto biopolítico de controle neoliberal afeta a sociedade brasileira enquanto uma democracia recente e quais as peculiaridades podem ser percebidas? Dito isso, utiliza-se como metodologia a abordagem fenomenológico-hermenêutica, juntamente aos métodos de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa por documentação indireta. Conclui-se que o projeto biopolítico nacional baseia-se na lógica neoliberal, e por isso se impõe de forma a exigir o máximo da vida humana em prol da lucratividade, enquanto aumenta cada vez mais a amplitude dos dispositivos de controle (e disciplina, reservada aos inaptos), ao mesmo tempo em que no País se verifica certa radicalidade de caraterísticas autoritárias e conflitivas na adoção do modelo de controle contemporâneo na democracia nacional.
Redes sociais e ativismo materno: desafios entre estudantes de uma universidade pública
Authors: Silva Maria Clara Ramos da Fonseca , Guedes Cristiano
Published: October 2020

Resumo As conquistas femininas das últimas décadas suscitam novas estratégias tanto para a manutenção dos direitos já garantidos quanto para a solução das demandas que se apresentam, a fim de promover a superação dos sistemas de dominação e exploração que acometem as mulheres e que são reproduzidos nos mais diversos espaços, como é o caso das instituições públicas de ensino superior. Tomando as construções sociais em torno do que se conhece como feminino e a centralidade da maternidade nesse contexto, este artigo analisa as condições de permanência de estudantes que são mães em uma universidade pública federal, por meio da realização de questionários virtuais e registros em diários de campo resultantes da participação em grupo virtual do aplicativo WhatsApp. Os resultados apontam para o protagonismo das estudantes nos processos reivindicatórios perante a desresponsabilização do poder público e o papel das redes sociais em sua organização política, por meio do chamado ciberativismo.
Terceira etapa do método canguru: experiência de mães e profissionais da atenção primária
Authors: Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Soares Anniely Rodrigues , Bezerra Iolanda Carlli da Silva , Guedes Anna Tereza Alves , Pedrosa Rafaella Karolina Bezerra , Vieira Daniele de Souza
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender a continuidade da terceira etapa do Método Canguru na perspectiva de mães e profissionais de saúde. Método Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família e nos domicílios de mães canguru em uma capital do nordeste brasileiro. Foram entrevistados doze profissionais de saúde e dez mães-canguru. O material empírico foi submetido à análise temática. Resultados Emergiram duas categorias temáticas: (Des)conhecimento acerca do Método Canguru e suas ações para a continuidade da terceira etapa; e Entraves à continuidade da terceira etapa do Método Canguru. Conclusão e implicações para prática Identificou-se o ínfimo conhecimento dos profissionais e das mães acerca do Método Canguru, ausência de capacitação dos profissionais da atenção primária, lacuna na comunicação entre a atenção primária e terciária. Há descontinuidade do cuidado à criança e mãe-canguru após alta hospitalar, pois os profissionais da atenção primária não estão sendo copartícipes no acompanhamento. Conhecer a realidade da terceira etapa do método canguru viabiliza o planejamento de estratégias para superar as dificuldades existentes para continuidade do método e assim ofertar um cuidado qualificado e integral ao binômio mãe-bebê canguru.
Avaliação da qualidade dos registros de cartões de pré-natal de mulheres urbanas
Authors: Camargos Letícia Ferreira de , Lemos Patrícia Lage , Martins Eunice Francisca , Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos
Published: October 2020

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar registros dos cartões de pré-natal de puérperas atendidas em maternidades públicas e privadas. Método Estudo transversal que analisou fotos de 394 cartões de pré-natal de mulheres que participaram da pesquisa Nascer em Belo Horizonte. Os registros foram avaliados quanto ao preenchimento, legibilidade e completude das informações sociodemográficas, clínicas, obstétricas e exames laboratoriais. Resultados Evidenciou-se que 88,5% dos cartões não apresentaram registro do nome da unidade básica de referência, 76,9%, da maternidade de referência e 82,4%, da instituição de realização do pré-natal. A avaliação do edema, o uso de sulfato ferroso e ácido fólico não foram registrados em 55%, 91,1% e 92,6% dos cartões, respectivamente. A ausência de registros no gráfico de peso foi identificada em 86,8% dos cartões, e no de altura uterina, 79,7%. Conclusão e implicações para a prática Existem grandes lacunas no registro do processo de cuidado pré-natal nos cartões e cadernetas, o que pode comprometer a qualidade da assistência e o acompanhamento das gestantes. Os achados apontam para a necessidade da educação permanente em serviço direcionada aos profissionais de saúde, como os enfermeiros, quanto à importância da realização e registro das ações preconizadas no cuidado pré-natal.
MORAR NO EXTREMO SUL DE SÃO PAULO: SOCIEDADE E NATUREZA NA REGIÃO DA GUARAPIRANGA EM MEADOS DO SÉCULO 20
Authors: Jorge Janes
Published: October 2020

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é problematizar o avanço da urbanização no extremo sul da cidade de São Paulo, especificamente na região da represa do Guarapiranga, em meados do século XX, a partir da experiência dos moradores com o mundo natural. A lenta conquista de infraestrutura e serviços urbanos básicos, tensões sociais e posições ambíguas diante da natureza marcam esse processo histórico ainda hoje inconcluso.
Uma etnografia virtual em um grupo sobre o transtorno bipolar: sociabilidades e saberes produzidos no meio on-line
Authors: Corrêa Luisa Motta , Lima Rossano Cabral
Published: October 2020

Publicado pela primeira vez no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM) III, o transtorno bipolar trouxe uma nova maneira de entender e vivenciar as oscilações emocionais, fortemente imbuída dos referenciais da psicofarmacologia, neurociências e novas conceituações sobre as variações afetivas. Com o objetivo de investigar os sentidos, as sociabilidades e os modos de ser constituídos a partir desse diagnóstico, foi feita uma etnografia no grupo brasileiro do Facebook mais numeroso sobre a bipolaridade, que identificou o seguinte: a rede facilita a produção de uma expertise experiencial; a ideia de que “apenas quem sofre entende” fortalece a identificação mútua; em contraposição à antiga psicose maníaco-depressiva, o transtorno bipolar adquire certa positividade, tornando-se fonte de humor; a química medicamentosa é o principal recurso usado para gerir a vida afetiva, tornando os pacientes parcialmente independentes do médico ao manejarem esses recursos entre si; e o transtorno bipolar é dissociado do Eu.
Da produção local à cooperação internacional em saúde mental: construção de redes de cuidado e aprendizagem entre Brasil e Itália
Authors: Marques Isabela Paschoalotto , Ferigato Sabrina Helena , Minelli Massimiliano , Marcolino Taís Quevedo
Published: October 2020

Desafios da cooperação internacional em saúde mental abarcam a superação de propostas colonizadoras por meio de práticas horizontais e localmente situadas. O conceito decolonial do terceiro espaço fomenta a construção de entendimentos híbridos, aprendizagens situadas e transformações recíprocas entre países. Buscamos relatar uma experiência de cooperação internacional entre Brasil e Itália, no âmbito da saúde mental, decorrente de uma pesquisa qualitativa, colaborativa e etnográfica, por meio de uma comunidade virtual de prática. Interações entre gestores, profissionais, usuários, familiares e membros da comunidade, brasileiros e italianos, foram analisadas no software NVIVO e explicitaram imaginários, contradições e potências do cuidado em saúde mental nas duas localidades. As transformações ocorridas nas trocas possibilitaram des/re/fazer identidades cristalizadas sobre o outro país, identificar singularidades e similaridades, assim como criar e reafirmar caminhos que valorizem os princípios da reforma psiquiátrica.
Covid-19 e coordenação federativa no Brasil: consequências da dissonância federal para a resposta à pandemia
Authors: Sulpino Vieira Fabiola , Mendes Santos Servo Luciana
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio tem por objetivo discutir a trajetória da coordenação federativa no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e a coordenação dos esforços de resposta à pandemia de covid-19. Para dar suporte à discussão, aborda referencial teórico sobre a relação entre federalismo e a implementação de políticas públicas, e sobre o desenvolvimento da coordenação federativa no SUS. Também discute decisões recentes do Ministério da Saúde que resultaram na fragilização dos instrumentos de coordenação do sistema. Pondera que a coordenação federal deficiente na resposta à pandemia não se deve à ausência de mecanismos de coordenação federativa do SUS ou ao constrangimento desses mecanismos imposto pelos demais entes da federação. O que se observa é a deliberada fragilização desses instrumentos pelo governo federal. Conclui que a crise sanitária acelerou o processo de distanciamento do Ministério da Saúde do seu papel de dirigente nacional do SUS e explicitou a decisão do governo federal pela inação, relegando ao órgão papel secundário nos esforços de enfrentamento à pandemia, com graves consequências para o acesso da população aos cuidados de saúde, especialmente os intensivos, e para a efetividade das ações no campo da vigilância em saúde.
Beyond Imports: The Supply Chain Effects of Trade Protection on Export Growth
Authors: Handley Kyle , Kamal Fariha , Monarch Ryan
Published: October 2020

The United States imposed a series of wide-ranging increases in import tariffs from 2018 through 2019. By August of 2019, $290 billion of U.S. imports - about 12% of the total - were subject to an average tariff increase of 24 percentage points.
Liberdade e denúncia social no texto poético de autoria feminina: Análise da obra O nome da manhã, de Marina Colasanti
Authors: Ferreira Eliane Aparecida Galvao Ribeiro , Bulhões Ricardo Magalhães
Published: October 2020

Este texto, a partir do aporte teórico da Estética da Recepção e do Efeito (JAUSS, 1994; ISER, 1996 e 1999), apresenta análises de poemas que compõem a coletânea O nome da manhã, de Marina Colasanti (2012). Justifica-se a escolha dessa obra, pois seus poemas são atraentes para o jovem leitor, possuem temas universais e contemporâneos, bem como potencialidades que despertam seu senso crítico e desautomatizam suas concepções sobre usos da língua, distinções estanques entre gêneros textuais e literatura de autoria feminina. Pelas análises, detectou-se que seu eu lírico, como exercício de resistência e subversão à ordem capitalista, captura em seu discurso cada instante como único, retirando-o da velocidade que define a vida hodierna, que a tudo atribui valor e/ou dilui. Os poemas de Colasanti (2012), pautados por vazios e potências de negação, suscitam reflexão crítica do leitor, por meio da revisão de hipóteses. Para tanto, evocam dados familiares com a finalidade de relativizá-los e/ou negá-los, ajustando o processo interativo na leitura. Por meio desse processo, eles suscitam do leitor que situe a si mesmo em relação ao texto, bem como atualize e modifique seu ponto de vista de uma perspectiva de apresentação para outra. Nesse processo, instaura-se a linguagem poética dotada de valor estético e a comunicabilidade que convoca o olhar de descoberta, o qual assegura o prazer intelectual na leitura (ISER, 1999.)
A survey of South African Maxillofacial & Oral Surgeon opinions regarding the academic education in the field of cleft lip/palate and craniofacial deformities
Authors: Ghabrial Emad , Bütow Kurt W
Published: October 2020

Maxillofacial and oral surgeons (MFOS) are trained to manage hard and soft tissue conditions affecting the orofacial region. They, therefore, play an essential role in the health care of  cleft lip/palate (CLP) and craniofacial deformities (CFD) patients. The complex and lengthy nature of CLP and CFD management requires collaboration between different disciplines. Consequently, it becomes increasingly important that the academic education available to MFOS provides in-depth knowledge, multidisciplinary participation and adequate clinical exposure provided by field experts. This study aimed to investigate the exposure and knowledge level of MFOS regarding the management of CLP and CFD. A second objective was to obtain an opinion from practising MFOS about the academic educational needs of those working with CLP and CFD. An online survey and telephone interviews (using a structured questionnaire) were used to investigate the level and scope of the MFOS academic education and to determine their academic needs. The questionnaire was completed by 53 (of 121)  of practising MFOS on the Medpages health care provider database, 64.8% of whom had more than 10 years of professional experience. Of the respondents, 60% showed a good general knowledge of CLP and CFD. However, 66.5% acknowledged that they had received only limited clinical training and exposure, which prevented them from providing adequate services to CLP/CFD patients. Only 41% of the respondents offered primary and/or only secondary treatment for both CLP and CFD patients, and 53.8% of them had participated in multidisciplinary teams. All the respondents agreed on the need for a dedicated training programme(s) in CLP and CFD management, and the majority recommended a subspecialty training either by degree courses or clinical fellowship and / or certification. This study demonstrates that postgraduate academic training and clinical exposure are limited in the CLP and CFD fields. All the respondents agreed that an educational strategy to meet the needs of MFOS providing CLP and CFD care should be established. Participants suggested that part-time clinical and/or degree courses should be developed.
Efficacy of Intravenous Acetaminophen as Adjunct Post-Operative Analgesic in Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Almoghrabi Omar , Brungardt Joseph , Helmer Stephen , Reyes Jared , Grizzell Brett
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The dose-dependent adverse events associated with post-operative opioid use may be reduced when opioids are used in conjunction with intravenous acetaminophen. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in median sternotomy patients receiving intravenous acetaminophen in addition to intravenous opioids versus intravenous opioids only.

Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 122 adult patients undergoing median sternotomy at a regional tertiary-referral center. Data collected included patient demographics, length of stay, opioid and intravenous acetaminophen use, adverse effects, and transition time to oral pain medication.

Results. There was no difference between groups in demographics, preoperative risk scores, operative procedures, intravenous opioid consumption, transition time to oral pain medications, or length of stay. Acetaminophen use was associated with lower rates of atrial fibrillation (7.0% vs. 24.6%, p = 0.009) and nausea/vomiting (8.9% vs. 32.3%, p = 0.002), but higher rates of urinary retention (15.8% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.014), constipation (50.0% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.001) and respiratory depression (7.1% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.043).

Conclusion. Intravenous acetaminophen was not associated with a reduction in length of stay or opioid consumption, but was associated with lower rates of atrial fibrillation, nausea, and vomiting. Additional studies are needed to determine if intravenous acetaminophen administration reduces atrial fibrillation in this population.