bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Origins and characteristics of dissolved organic matter fueling harmful dinoflagellate blooms revealed by δ13C and d/l-Amino acid compositions
Authors: Park Jihyun , Kim Guebuem , Kwon Hyeong Kyu , Han Heejun , Park Tae Gyu , Son Moonho
Published: September 2022

We measured the concentrations of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA), fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM), phytoplankton pigments, and δ13C-DOC during the summer of 2019 in the harmful dinoflagellate bloom regions of the southern coast of Korea. In the harmful dinoflagellate bloom region, the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were depleted, inhibiting the growth of diatoms, while the concentrations of dissolved organic components (nutrients, DOC, FDOM, and amino acids) which fuel dinoflagellates were unusually high. Thus, we attempted to investigate the origins and characteristics of DOM which fuels the harmful dinoflagellate blooms. The δ13C-DOC values (− 22.2‰ to − 18.2‰) indicate that the elevated DOC concentrations result from in-situ biological production rather than terrestrial inputs. The enantiomeric (D/L) ratios of THAA indicate that dissolved organic nitrogen was more labile in the early stage of harmful dinoflagellate bloom and became more refractory in the final stage. Our results suggest that the marine production of bioavailable DOM plays an important role in initiating and sustaining harmful dinoflagellate blooms.
Clinical and microbiological characteristics of and risk factors for bloodstream infections among patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Eun Hwa , Lee Ki Hyun , Lee Se Ju , Kim Jinnam , Baek Yae Jee , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup , Song Young Goo , Kim Jung Ho
Published: September 2022

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides hemodynamic and oxygenation support to critically ill patients. Due to multiple catheter cannulations, patients on ECMO are vulnerable to bloodstream infections (BSIs). We aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and microorganisms associated with BSIs during ECMO. This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2015 and May 2021. Patients aged 18 years or older with an ECMO duration of > 48 h for cardiogenic or respiratory support were included in the study. Patients who developed bacteremia or candidemia from 12 h after ECMO cannulation to 7 days after de-cannulation were included. The clinical factors between non-BSI and BSI were compared, along with an analysis of the risk factors associated with BSI during ECMO. A total of 480 patients underwent ECMO for cardiogenic shock (n = 267, 55.6%) or respiratory failure (n = 213, 44.4%) during the study period. The incidence was 20.0 episodes per 1000 ECMO-days. Approximately 20.2% (97/480) and 5.4% (26/480) of the patients developed bacteremia and candidemia, respectively. The median numbers of days of BSI development were 8.00 days for bacteremia and 11.0 days for candidemia. The most common pathogens were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 24), followed by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (n = 21). Multivariable logistic analysis demonstrated that hemodialysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.647, p < 0.001), veno-arterial-venous mode (OR 1.911, p = 0.030), and total ECMO duration (OR 1.030, p = 0.007) were significant risk factors for bacteremia. The total ECMO duration was the only risk factor associated with candidemia (OR 1.035, p = 0.010). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the bacteremia (57.7%) and candidemia (69.2%) groups than that in the non-BSI group (43.6%). BSI is a common complication of patients receiving ECMO support and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Determining the type of frequently isolated organisms and the median onset time of BSI would help in the selection of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics or antifungal agents.
Phosphazenes
Authors: Chakraborty Amit , Ahmed Naushad , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: September 2022

Phosphazenes are compounds containing the [P═N] motif. Three broad classes of compounds fall in this category: (a) acyclic phosphazenes, also known as iminophosphoranes, (b) cyclophosphazenes and (c) polyphosphazenes. There has been a growing tendency in the literature to bunch all polymeric compounds containing the phosphazene motif in the category of polyphosphazenes. While we would be dealing all polymeric compounds in the subsection on polyphosphazenes, the distinction between the various types needs to be appreciated. Polyphosphazenes are those that contain a [P═N] backbone with substituents on phosphorus. Other forms of polymers could be regarded as hybrid polymers which often contain an organic backbone with phosphazene pendant groups or cross-linked polymers containing interconnected cyclophosphazene units. This chapter summarizes the literature on phosphazenes that was published in the calendar year 2020.
Mitochondria-targeted nanocarriers doubled the toxicity of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis disruptive insecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Hao Youwu , Liu Di , Song Yonghui , Yin Xinming , Liu Jia , Na Risong , Li Qing X.
Published: September 2022

A mitochondria-targeted pesticide delivery system (MSN-CMC-TPP) for the ATP synthesis disruptor chlorfenapyr (Chl) was developed. The MSN-CMC-TPP system enhanced Chl efficacy by inducing mitochondrial damage in Sf9 cells.
DNA-functionalized colloidal crystals for macromolecular encapsulation
Authors: Yokomori Maasa , Suzuki Hayato , Nakamura Akiyoshi , Sugano Shigeo S. , Tagawa Miho
Published: September 2022

Metal-DNA hybrid crystals were demonstrated to be applied to encapsulate macromolecules such as streptavidin protein, Qdot, or Cas9 endonuclease by harnessing the hollow spaces in the crystal lattices and their affinities for the target molecules.
Volatile uptake, transport, perception, and signaling shape a plant’s nose
Authors: Wang Lei , Erb Matthias
Published: September 2022

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles regulate defenses in undamaged neighboring plants. Understanding the mechanisms by which plant volatiles are taken up, perceived, and translated into canonical defense signaling pathways is an important frontier of knowledge. Volatiles can enter plants through stomata and the cuticle. They are likely perceived by membrane-associated receptors as well as intracellular receptors. The latter likely involves metabolization and transport across cell membranes by volatile transporters. Translation of volatiles into defense priming and induction typically involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), WRKY transcription factors, and jasmonates. We propose that the broad range of molecular processes involved in volatile signaling will likely result in substantial spatiotemporal and ontogenetic variation in plant responsiveness to volatiles, with important consequences for plant–environment interactions.
Adaptive under‐frequency load shedding scheme for power systems with high wind power penetration considering operating regions
Authors: Wu Xingyang , Dai Jianfeng , Tang Yi , Xue Feng
Published: September 2022

With the ever‐increasing penetration of wind power into power systems, wind turbine generators (WTGs) are required to provide frequency regulation services to maintain the system frequency stability. For variable‐speed WTGs, the adaptability of dissimilar frequency control strategies to different operating regions is distinct, which impacts the system frequency response. However, existing under‐frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes do not take that impact into account, causing improper load shedding after a loss of generation. To this end, this paper proposes an adaptive UFLS scheme for power systems with high wind power penetration considering operating regions. Based on the WTG operating characteristics in different operating regions, the appropriate frequency control strategy for each operating region is elaborated. The simplified frequency response model of the power system considering WTGs participating in frequency regulation is then established. According to the WTG active power response characteristics in different operating regions, the impact of WTGs participating in frequency regulation on UFLS is analysed. Accordingly, the method of accurately estimating the magnitude of the power deficiency and calculating the amount of load to be shed is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed UFLS scheme are verified through simulations on the IEEE 39‐bus test system.
Chemical evolution in planet-forming regions with growing grains
Authors: Eistrup Christian , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Krijt Sebastiaan
Published: September 2022

Context. Planets and their atmospheres are built from gas and solid material in protoplanetary disks. This solid material grows from smaller micron-sized grains to larger sizes in the disks during the process of planet formation. This solid growth may influence the efficiency of chemical reactions that take place on the surfaces of the grains and in turn affect the chemical evolution that the gas and solid material in the disk undergoes, with implications for the chemical composition of the planets.

Aims. Our goal is to model the compositional evolution of volatile ices on grains of different sizes, assuming both time-dependent grain growth and several constant grain sizes. We also examine the dependence on the initial chemical composition.

Methods. The custom Walsh chemical kinetics code was used to model the chemical evolution. This code was upgraded to account for the time-evolving sizes of solids. Chemical evolution was modelled locally at four different radii in a protoplanetary disk midplane (with associated midplane temperatures of 120, 57, 25, and 19.5 K) for up to 10 Myr. The evolution was modelled for five different constant grain sizes, and in one model, the grain size changed with time according to a grain-growth model appropriate for the disk midplane.

Results. Local grain growth, with conservation of the total grain mass, and assuming spherical grains, acts to reduced the total grain-surface area that is available for ice-phase reactions. This reduces the efficiency of these reactions compared to a chemical scenario with a conventional grain-size choice of 0.1 μm. The chemical evolution modelled with grain growth leads to increased abundances of H2O ice. For carbon in the inner disk, grain growth causes CO gas to overtake CO2 ice as the dominant carrier, and in the outer disk, CH4 ice becomes the dominant carrier. Larger grain sizes cause less change the C/O ratio in the gas phase over time than when 0.1 μm sized grains are considered. Overall, a constant grain size adopted from a grain evolution model leads to an almost identical chemical evolution as a chemical evolution with evolving grain sizes. A constant grain size choice, albeit larger than 0.1 μm, may therefore be an appropriate simplification when modelling the impact of grain growth on chemical evolution.
On the intermediate asymptotic efficiency of goodness-of-fit tests in multinomial distributions
Authors: Mirakhmedov Sherzod M.
Published: September 2022

We consider goodness-of-fit tests for uniformity of a multinomial distribution by means of tests based on a class of symmetric statistics, defined as the sum of some function of cell-frequencies. We are dealing with an asymptotic regime, where the number of cells grows with the sample size. Most attention is focused on the class of power divergence statistics. The aim of this article is to study the intermediate asymptotic relative efficiency of two tests, where the powers of the tests are asymptotically non-degenerate and the sequences of alternatives converge to the hypothesis, but not too fast. The intermediate asymptotic relative efficiency of the χ2test wrt an arbitrary symmetric test is considered in details.
Red Flags erkennen – zwei ähnliche Verletzungen mit unterschiedlichen Folgen
Authors: Griefahn Annika , Perschk Maximilian
Published: September 2022

Donnerstagabend, 22:30 Uhr, Flutlicht. 75 000 Zuschauer im Stadion, Millionen an den Fernsehgeräten zu Hause und noch 15 entscheidende Minuten bis zum Abpfiff. Nach einem Luftduell im Strafraum bleiben zwei Spieler am Boden liegen. Jetzt ist das medizinische Personal gefordert …
Situationen am Spielfeldrand – Handlungsoptionen für Physiotherapeuten
Authors: Zalpour Christoff , von Piekartz Harry
Published: September 2022

Nicht jede Mannschaft und auch nicht jeder Sportler kann sich einen Sportarzt leisten. Daher sind es oft Sportphysiotherapeuten, die für die medizinische Betreuung zuständig sind. Sie sollten wissen, welche Gefahren es gibt und wann es unverzichtbar ist, eine ärztliche Untersuchung einzuleiten oder gar den Notarzt zu rufen.
S2e-Leitlinie „Kniegelenkluxation“
Authors: Krause Matthias , Drenck Tobias C. , Eggeling Lena , Frings Jannik , Akoto Ralph , Frosch Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2022

Bei einer Knieluxation handelt es sich um eine besonders schwere Form der
Multiligamentverletzung. Aufgrund der häufig hohen Verletzungskomplexität existiert eine
Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Diagnostik- und Versorgungsstrategien. Mit dem Ziel
evidenzbasierter Therapieempfehlungen richtet sich die S2e-Leitlinie „Knieluxation“ an alle an
der Diagnostik und Therapie beteiligten Berufsgruppen (Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen,
Physiotherapeuten, ambulante/stationäre Operateure, Sportmediziner etc.) sowie Betroffene
(Patient*innen mit Knieluxation) und Leistungserbringer (Krankenkassen,
Rentenversicherungsträger). Diese umfasst neben der Darlegung konzeptioneller Unterschiede
zwischen den Verletzungsentitäten die Besonderheiten der Diagnostik, konservativen und
operativen Therapieoptionen auch Aspekte der Nachbehandlung vor dem Hintergrund des
interdisziplinären Behandlungsansatzes einer schweren Knieverletzung.
Skin wrinkling an Händen und Füßen –
Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Jasinskas Mindaugas , Frerichs Onno , Fansa Hisham , Walle Leonard
Published: September 2022

Das Phänomen der Faltenbildung (skin wrinkling) der Haut an
Händen und Füßen bei Aufenthalt im Wasser ist jedem
bekannt. Die Erklärung hierfür ist jedoch nicht ganz trivial.
Das periphere Nervensystem scheint einen Einfluss zu haben. Denn bei
Nervenverletzungen ist häufig zu beobachten, dass das skin wrinkling
ausfällt. Es werden in diesem Artikel drei Fälle mit
aufgehobener Faltenbildung an der Hand, nach stattgehabter Nervenverletzung,
vorgestellt. Zusätzlich erfolgt ein Überblick über die
aktuelle Literatur zu diesem Thema.
Indikationen für eine Evakuierung mittels Hubschrauber von Offshore-Anlagen – Retrospektive Analyse der Behandlungsdaten 2017-2021
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Kleinhäntz Wolfgang , Overheu Daniel , Franz Rüdiger
Published: September 2022

Täglich arbeiten Hunderte Personen in Offshore-Windenergieanlagen, die sich außerhalb des Geltungsbereiches der Rettungsdienstgesetze der Bundesländer befinden. Die medizinische
Versorgung vor Ort erfolgt durch Notfallsanitäter nach festgelegten Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) unter Einbeziehung der telemedizinischen Befundung und direkter ärztlicher
Delegation. Aus dem Zeitraum Januar 2017 bis Dezember 2021 wurden retrospektiv 4994 dokumentierte Einsätze ausgewertet, wobei 2,1% der Patienten mittels Offshore-Rettungshubschrauber
(ORTH, n = 104) evakuiert wurden. 63,5% mit internistischen und 28,8% mit traumatologischen Notfällen. Bei den ambulant behandelten Patienten gehörten sonstige Erkrankungen (40,5%),
Infektionen (12,9%) und Traumata der oberen Extremitäten (8,7%) zu den häufigsten vordefinierten Diagnosegruppen, wohingegen bei den ORTH-Einsätzen die Herz-Kreislauf- (19,2%) und
abdominellen Erkrankungen (16,3) führten. Unter allen ORTH-Einsätzen wurde am häufigsten ein NACA 3 (mäßige bis schwere, aber nicht lebensbedrohliche Störung) dokumentiert (51,5%) sowie
jeweils mit 20,4% NACA 2 und 4. Die Indikation für eine Evakuierung musste, neben dem aktuellen Gesundheitszustand des Verletzten oder Erkrankten, auch anhand einsatztaktischer Komponenten
– speziell Wetterphänomenen – gestellt werden. Durch den Einsatz von hochqualifizierten Notfallsanitätern und unter telemedizinischer Delegation konnten viele unnötige Evakuierungen
vermieden werden.
Cerium Oxide Polishes Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic via a Chemical–Mechanical Process
Authors: Yamockul Suparaksa , Thamrongananskul Niyom
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) effect of cerium oxide (ceria [CeO2]) as an abrasive to polish lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

Materials and Methods For the polishing experiment, 22 lithium disilicate glass ceramic samples were prepared, polished with sandpaper using a polishing machine, their surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer, and they were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). The samples were polished for 30 seconds with ceria paste with different ratios of deionized water:ceria by weight: 1:0.5 (C0.5) and 1:1 (C1) according to their group and the Ra values were determined. The Ra measurement was repeated after an additional 30 seconds of polishing until 120 seconds of polishing had been performed. The surface images of the postpolishing (120 seconds) samples were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the surface morphology. For the adsorption experiment, 10 lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens were prepared and soaked in 50-mL deionized water. After 24 hours, the specimens were removed. Each liquid sample was divided in two halves. The first half was stored and ceria particles were added into the second half. After 24 hours, the solutions were filtered. The silicon concentration in the liquid samples was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.

Statistical Analysis The difference in mean Ra value between groups was analyzed using two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference in mean silica concentrations before and after adding ceria particles was analyzed using the paired t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Ra decreased as the ratio of ceria and polishing time increased. The surface morphology of the samples analyzed by SEM corresponded with their Ra values. The mean silicon concentration after adding ceria particles was significantly decreased (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Using a ceria-polishing paste to polish lithium disilicate glass ceramic generates a significantly smoother surface compared with baseline roughness. Moreover, CeO2 has a mechanical action and chemical reaction with lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Therefore, it can be used as a CMP paste to create a smooth surface.
Case Study of a 70-Year-Old Man Admitted to ICU during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Scheepers Léon Angèle Gemma Joseph
Published: September 2022

A patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of decrease in oxygen saturation in connection with COVID-19 pneumonia. An intensivist and a general practitioner (GP)-homeopath worked together on the patient with the approval of his three children. His consent was not possible because he was in a coma.

When additional homeopathic treatment started, the patient had a 10% chance of survival. No direct contact with the patient was possible.

The GP could only treat remotely and only received second-hand information.

The patient achieved complete recovery without long COVID-19 symptoms.

Before admission to the ICU, I thought Kalium sulphuricum was his constitutional medicine. But this remedy did not prevent admission. Various homeopathic medicines are prescribed each time based on the patient's unique symptoms. During the ICU admission, the patient contracted an Enterobacter cloacae infection, developed renal failure, myocardial infarction and finally a haemorrhage in the right hemisphere of the brain, resulting in paralysis in the left side of the body. Due to his behaviour towards the end of his stay at the hospital, I found his constitutional remedy, which was Veratrum album.

Each time, only a single dose of the homeopathic medicine was administered.
How Do Laboratories Perform von Willebrand Disease Diagnostics and Classification of von Willebrand Disease Patients? Results from External Quality Data and an International Survey
Authors: Hollestelle Martine J. , Meijers Joost C. M. , Meijer Piet
Published: September 2022

Background Reduced or dysfunctional von Willebrand factor (VWF) may lead to von Willebrand disease (VWD), which is a common inherited bleeding disorder. VWD is classified into three major types: type 1 is a partial quantitative deficiency of VWF, type 3 is a complete quantitative deficiency of VWF, and type 2 consists of qualitative abnormalities of VWF. To arrive at a correct VWD diagnosis, multiple tests and a correct interpretation of these tests are needed.

Aim The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the approach of laboratories toward VWD diagnosis.

Methods Data from four samples of the external quality assessment (EQA) VWF surveys of the ECAT (External Quality Control for Assays and Tests) were evaluated. Furthermore, results were analyzed of a questionnaire that was sent to hemostasis laboratories about VWD diagnostic approaches.

Results For most EQA samples, the majority of participants indicated the correct classification. However, 6 to 60% indicated another classification. For all samples, significant differences in VWF results were observed between the correct and incorrect classifications. The questionnaire demonstrated that the testing approach varied between the laboratories, especially for parameters that were essential for discrimination between VWD type 1 and healthy individuals, as well as the cutoff values used to discriminate VWD types 1 and 2.

Conclusions Diagnosis of VWD is heterogeneous in diagnostic approach, guidelines, and cutoff values within large ranges of VWF results between laboratories. Harmonization of approaches and increased accuracy of VWF measurements may help to establish a correct diagnosis.
Genetics informs meaningful intraspecific taxonomy: the black-tailed and mule deer complex
Authors: Latch Emily K. , Heffelfinger James R.
Published: September 2022

Context Meaningful intraspecific taxonomy allows for robust classification of within-species diversity and effective conservation and management. Subspecies definitions broadly agree that subspecies are groups of populations that exhibit some degree of geographic separation, phenotypic distinctiveness, and unique evolutionary potential. The most powerful assessments of within-species taxonomy are those that employ multiple lines of evidence, including phenotypic, ecological, geographic and genetic, to delineate evolutionarily definable units. Aims Here we describe how genetic data can be integrated into intraspecific taxonomy. Methods We use our experiences incorporating genetic data to assess taxonomy within black-tailed and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a widespread and highly mobile species with significant phenotypic variation and a complex evolutionary history. Key results High-resolution sampling of individuals across the landscape and loci across the genome yielded accurate estimates of genetic variation in black-tailed and mule deer and better insight into the evolutionary processes that generate and maintain diversity. Conclusions Integrating genetic data has informed meaningful intraspecific taxonomy within O. hemionus, showing support for the following five subspecies: two black-tailed deer subspecies (Columbian O. h. columbianus and Sitka O. h. sitkensis) and three mule deer subspecies (mainland O. h. hemionus and the two island subspecies, O. h. cerrosensis on Cedros Island and O. h. sheldoni on Tiburón Island). Implications Our integrative approach provides a framework for incorporating genetic data in intraspecific taxonomy in other deer species.
Revision and phylogenetics of the Neotropical sheet weaving spider genus
Authors: Silva-Moreira Thiago , Hormiga Gustavo
Published: September 2022

The Mounded Posterior Median Eyes (MPME) clade is a group of linyphiid spiders characterized by having posterior median eyes (PME) on a mound. The species diversity of this lineage, especially in the Neotropical region, is still largely unknown. In this study, we tackled one of the MPME groups, the genus Diplothyron Millidge, 1991. We have studied numerous specimens from both museums and freshly collected specimens to monograph Diplothyron. We also compiled both morphological and behavioral data from Diplothyron and representatives of higher-level lineages within Linyphiidae and several potential MPME groups to infer the phylogenetic relationships. We redescribed the type species, Diplothyron fuscus Millidge, 1991 and described the previously unknown male, and six new species: Diplothyron ballesterosi sp. nov., D. dianae sp. nov., D. monteverde sp. nov., D. nubilosus sp. nov., D. sandrae sp. nov. and D. solitarius sp. nov. We also transferred the following species from Linyphia to Diplothyron based on the study of the type material: D. chiapasia (Gertsch & Davies, 1946) comb. nov., D. linguatulus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov., D. nigritus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov., D. simplicatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov. and D. trifalcatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902) comb. nov. Diplothyron species are mainly found in the cloud forests of Central and South America, with the distribution stretching from the Colombian Andes to the Mexican Sierra Madre across the Central American mountain chains. We also provide a detailed morphological comparison between Diplothyron and closely related genera in the MPME clade, focusing on the genital morphology, including identification keys to both the MPME genera and species of Diplothyron. Our cladistic analyses recovered Diplothyron as a monophyletic group placed within the MPME clade. A newly circumscribed lineage now includes the genera Diplothyron, Dubiaranea Mello-Leitão, 1943; Linyphia Latreille, 1804; Lomaita Bryant, 1948; Microlinyphia Gerhardt, 1928; Neriene Blackwall, 1833; Notiohyphantes Millidge, 1985; Novafrontina Millidge, 1991 and Pityohyphantes Simon, 1929.
George Ulrich’s contributions in German on Victorian geology, mining and mineralogy (1859–1864)
Authors: Darragh Thomas A.
Published: September 2022

Translations of four German publications on Victorian geology, mining and mineralogy by George Ulrich are provided. The hitherto unknown 1859 publication is the earliest detailed account of central Victorian geology and includes descriptions of the techniques for separating gold from quartz and comments on the loss of gold in the tailings and the inefficient mining practices of the time. Ulrich also discussed theories on the origin of auriferous quartz reefs and recorded 19 minerals occurring in the quartz reefs, as well as 14 in basalts with detailed descriptions of many of the minerals. The other three publications continue the geological and mineralogical topics raised in the first with new information gathered since the time of its publication.
Something went missing: cessation of Traditional Owner land management and rapid mammalian population collapses in the semi-arid region of the Murray–Darling Basin, southeastern Australia
Authors: Mansergh Ian M. , Cheal David C. , Burch John W. , Allen Harry R
Published: September 2022

The nineteenth century mass mammal extinctions in the semi-arid zone of the Murray‒Darling basin, southeastern Australia, are examined in the context of prior traditional land management. A model of grassland dynamics reveals a multi-trophic level productive pulse one to five years post-fire, followed by senescence and increasing flammability. Traditional Owner patch burning of grassland optimized human and mammalian food (including tubers, seeds and fungi) and decreased fire risk. Over at least 40 000 years, the persistence and abundance of fauna responded to this energetically closed self-reinforcing management. In 1830, depopulation (disease, massacres and displacement) effectively ended traditional management, an ecologically traumatic event that extinguished these productivity pulses. Associated mammal populations of c. 20 species collapsed, and all eco-engineering and mycophagous species, such as bilbies, bettongs and bandicoots, rapidly disappeared. Traditional land management increased productivity, habitat heterogeneity and reduced wildfire risk, underpinning mammal abundance. This has remained unrecognized by most mammalogists and land managers. Blaming extinctions predominantly on the additions by Europeans (introduction of ungulates, feral grazers and predators etc.), disastrous as they were, fails to acknowledge the initial cause of rarity, i.e. loss of productivity, habitat and niches when traditional management was subtracted from country. As ecosystems continue to degrade, understanding the primary cause is fundamental to improved management. Although too late for extinct species, respect for, and inclusion of, traditional land management knowledge provides a direction for future land management.
Spectroscopic observation of the forward and backward IR emission of bacteriorhodopsin under broadband optical pumping
Authors: Terpugov E L , Degtyareva O V , Savranskii V V
Published: September 2022

For the first time, it was demonstrated that the secondary IR emission stimulated by visible light propagates not only in the direction opposite to the exciting beam, but also in the forward direction. Furthermore, by a control of the forward-directed beam arrival back at the sample time- picosecond resolution was achieved. Using the forward-directed beam as a probe beam, we were able to obtain additional information about the properties of the bacteriorhodopsin in the excited state. The performed studies open the possibility for analyzing the molecular excitation, vibrational coupling, and relaxation processes directly during electronic excitation in picoseconds time scales.
Fatigue strength analysis of crankshaft based on RULES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF SEA-GOING STEEL SHIPS
Authors: Jia Sensen , Wang Guixin , Zhu Jialiang
Published: September 2022

Based on the force analysis of a high strength marine diesel engine crankshaft in one cycle, the crankshaft fatigue strength checking method of Classification Society was used to check the crankshaft. It can be known that the empirical formula method is more conservative according to comparing the acceptability factor which are calculated by empirical formula method and finite element method. The nominal alternating torsional stress is determined by the inverse method of crankshaft fatigue strength checking method, which is the criterion of fatigue strength of the crankshaft. The fatigue strength of crankshaft can be improved by increasing fillet radius, web thickness or web width.
High-order polynomials based human lower limbs of continuous movement of estimation method
Authors: Tao Yunfei , Huang Yuping , Zheng Jigui , Chen Jing , Zhang Zhaojing , Guo Yajing
Published: September 2022

In order to obtain the estimated value of the continuous motion of the lower limbs of the human body (abbreviated as CMLLHB) and realize the better human-machine collaborative control effect of the exoskeleton robot, a method for estimating the amount of CMLLHB based on sEMG and high-order polynomials is proposed. Extract and form 5 feature parameter matrices of 8 channels of signals, establish a high-order polynomial-based CMLLHB, and realize CMLLHB. Through experiments, the overall average error of angle estimation based on this method is 0.09±0.11rad, the root mean square error is 1.63rad, and the average correlation coefficient Weir is 0.79. Among them, the hip joint motion estimation effect is the best.
Tortuous flow path design for leakage reduction of labyrinth seal
Authors: Zhang Mingjie , Yang Jiangang , Zhang Wanfu , Gu Qianlei
Published: September 2022

This study proposes a new seal design to reduce the leakage in turbomachines. On the basis of the conventional labyrinth seal, two vertical blocking walls are added on the rotor, and one horizontal blocking wall is added on the upstream seal tooth and downstream seal tooth. In the new seal, a tortuous flow path is generated, and many vortexes appear. The new seal increases the resistance to the leakage fluid and kinetic energy dissipation. After the comparison of the leakage between the specially designed new seal and conventional labyrinth seal, it can be found that the specially designed new seal yields a reduction in the leakage of 42.7~43.6%.
Attitude control method for compound multi-rotor UAV
Authors: Shang Yuanchun , Zhao Changchun , Li Yunqing
Published: September 2022

To control the flight of the compound multi-rotor UAV which is a combination of coaxial rotor and quad-rotor, the attitude control method is proposed. The nonlinear attitude control dynamic model of the compound multi-rotor UAV is given. The Proportion-Proportion Integration Differentiation (P-PID) control method is used for the attitude control module and obtaining the virtual control values. The control values distribution matrix is used to realize mapping between the virtual control values and the multi-actuator. The rotation rate-blade pitch integration control method is used to coordinate the rotor’s rotation rate and blade pitch, which ensure fast response of the UAV’s attitude stabilization control. Simulation results show that the attitude controller can realize the UAV’s pitch, roll, yaw attitude motion control, and do well in attitude angle stability control when periodic change attitude angles is tracked.
Multiscale importance evaluation pruning algorithm
Authors: Ma Jiaxiang
Published: September 2022

With the continuous increase of the number of network layers, while the network performance is constantly improving, the complexity of the network is also increasing exponentially, which limits the application scenarios of neural networks. To solve this problem, many network compression and acceleration methods have been proposed. Unstructured pruning of networks is a common method that generates compact networks by pruning each parameter of the network. A common operation of pruning is to evaluate the importance of the network at a certain scale to allocate the proportion of pruning. We propose a method that combines the importance of multiple scales to comprehensively evaluate the importance of parameters. Firstly, the network is pruned layer by layer, and the sum of the classification accuracy of the network after pruning and training network for one epoch as the sensitivity of the layer network. Secondly, on the filter, the channel attention module is used to evaluate the importance of each channel of the filter, thirdly, the KL (Kullback Leibler) divergence is used to evaluate the importance of the parameters in the convolution kernel. Finally, the importance of each parameter is generated by multiplying the importance of the three scales, and the result is obtained after fine-tuning the network.
Research on electromagnetic compatibility prediction and test verification of spacecraft wireless system
Authors: Wang Xiyu , Li Angyang , Cong Yanchao , Mu Hongwei
Published: September 2022

A calculation method of electromagnetic interference(EMI) margin of spacecraft wireless system is analyzed and researched in this paper, meanwhile the EMI margin is simulated and calculated. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of wireless system is prognosed for a couple of wireless equipment which indicate that there is a risk of EMI among this couple of wireless equipment. According to the simulation results, a series of EMC test including tabletop dispersedly test and comprehensive test has been implemented to verify the prediction method. The test results indicate that there is EMI phenomenon among this couple of wireless equipment which support the accuracy of the prediction method. Combined with simulation and test results, a method for spacecraft wireless system EMC prediction has been proposed. The method will reduce the EMI problem in spacecraft development process and be benefit to subsequent maintenance.
Study on compressive bearing capacity and efficiency of composite stiffened panels with different cross-sections
Authors: Guofan Zhang , Chunhua Wan , Xiaohua Nie
Published: September 2022

The post-buckling behavior and load bearing efficiency of composite panels with three kinds of stiffeners subject to the axial compression load were investigated. The progressive damage analysis models considering the failure of fiber/matrix, debonding of adhesive interface and stiffness degradation were established. The buckling load, failure load and failure process for three types of stiffened panels were derived. The numerical results coincide with tests, and the relative errors are all less than 6%, which indicates the FEM model given in this paper is reliable and practical. Further, the load bearing efficiency of these three kinds of stiffened panels with the same weight was discussed. Results reveal that the bearing capacity and efficiency of I-shape stiffened panel is the highest, and its bearing efficiency reaches 154.5N/g. The results of the paper provide a reference for engineering application of composite stiffened structure design.
Influence of tropical Atlantic meridional dipole of sea surface temperature anomalies on Antarctic autumn sea ice
Authors: Ren Xuya , Zhang Li , Cai Wenju , Li Xichen , Wang Chuan-Yang , Jin Yishuai , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2022

Antarctic sea ice plays an important role in polar ecosystems and global climate, while its variability is affected by many factors. Teleconnections between the tropical and high latitudes have profound impacts on Antarctic climate changes through the stationary Rossby wave mechanism. Recent studies have connected long-term Antarctic sea ice changes to multidecadal variabilities of the tropical ocean, including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. On interannual timescales, whether an impact exists from teleconnection of the tropical Atlantic is not clear. Here we find an impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability of the tropical Atlantic meridional dipole mode on Antarctic sea ice that is most prominent in austral autumn. The meridional dipole SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic force deep convection anomalies locally and over the tropical Pacific, generating stationary Rossby wave trains propagating eastward and poleward, which induce atmospheric circulation anomalies affecting sea ice. Specifically, convective anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific are opposite-signed, accompanied by anomalous wave sources over the subtropical Southern Hemisphere. The planetary-scale atmospheric response has significant impacts on sea ice concentration anomalies in the Ross Sea, near the Antarctic Peninsula, and east of the Weddell Sea.
Aspects of entropy in classical and in quantum physics
Authors: Heusler Stefan , Dür Wolfgang , Ubben Malte S , Hartmann Andreas
Published: September 2022

Entropy has played an essential role in the history of physics. Its mathematical definition and applications have changed over time till today. In this paper, we first review the historical evolution of these various points of view, from the thermodynamic definition to information entropy from Shannon in classical physics, up to the modern concept of Neumann’s quantum entropy. As a specific example, we consider entanglement entropy and compare the phase space approach in classical physics to the Hilbert space approach in quantum physics in simple model systems. We derive a general expression for the entanglement entropy of fermions and bosons in arbitrary partitions of Hilbert space, valid beyond the thermodynamic limit. Next, we compare thermodynamic heat engines with quantum heat engines. Finally, we proceed to the more general concept of quantum (computational) complexity and argue, using the concept of entanglement entropy, that the Heisenberg time in classically chaotic systems coincides with the time when maximal complexity is reached in the quantum case for systems with all–all interactions.
A system-level method for hardening phase-locked loop to single-event effects
Authors: Liang Bin , Xu Xinyu , Yuan Hengzhou , Chen Jianjun , Luo Deng , Chi Yaqing , Sun Hanhan
Published: September 2022

To mitigate the sensitivity of the charge pump in a traditional Phase-Locked Loop(PLL), a single-event-hardened PLL architecture with a proportional and integral path is proposed. The phase margin of the PLL is kept at 58.16° due to the rational design and the output clock frequency ranges from 0.8 to 3.2 GHz. The circuit-level simulation results reveal that the sensitive volume of the hardened PLL decreases by 80% ∼ 95%. The novel radiation-hardened PLL circuit was implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology and irradiated with heavy ions with a linear energy transfer between 1.9 and 65.6 MeV•cm2 mg−1. The proposed radiation-hardened PLL shows one order of single-event effects hardness level higher than the conventional PLL.
Highly sensitive and fully printable humidity sensor on a flexible substrate based on a zinc oxide and polyethylenimine composite
Authors: Samaeifar Fatemeh , Azadinia Mohsen , Ghorbani Atefeh , Chen Junfei , Gratuze Mathieu , Ketabi Mohsen , Izquierdo Ricardo , Aziz Hany
Published: September 2022

We report a highly sensitive and fully printable capacitive humidity sensor based on a zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyethylenimine (PEI) composite. The sensor has a simple structure, consisting only of a layer of the ZnO:PEI composite, coated using an ethanol solution, on a layer of silver inter-digital electrodes that have been pre-printed on a polyethyleneterephthalate substrate. The sensor with ZnO:PEI in the ratio of 2:1 by volume exhibits a response of 43 907 000% at maximum humidity, with a detection range of 15%–95% relative humidity, higher than other sensors fully made by wet-coating processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy measurements suggest that the high response likely arises from the use of a hydrophilic polymer with a high dipole moment which facilitates dipole-dipole interactions with water molecules and from the highly granular morphology of the composite which leads to a high surface-to-volume ratio and more-numerous water adsorption sites. The fabricated sensor also demonstrates short response/recovery times (5 s/3 s), good repeatability over multiple humidification and desiccation cycles, and only 5% loss in response after being kept in the ambient for three weeks.
Comparative Assessment of DNA Extraction Techniques From Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Specimens and Their Impact on Downstream Analysis
Authors: Bapat Prachi R , Epari Sridhar , Joshi Pradnya V , Dhanavade Dipika S , Rumde Rachna H , Gurav Mamta Y , Shetty Omshree A , Desai Sangeeta B
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Good-quality nucleic acid extraction from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens remains a challenge in molecular-oncopathology practice. This study evaluates the efficacy of an in-house developed FFPE extraction buffer compared with other commercially available kits.

Methods

Eighty FFPE specimens processed in different surgical pathology laboratories formed the study sample. DNA extraction was performed using three commercial kits and the in-house developed FFPE extraction buffer. DNA yield was quantified by a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and Qubit Fluorometer, and its purity was measured by the 260/280-nm ratio. A fragment analyzer system was used for accurate sizing of DNA fragments of FFPE DNA. The downstream effects of all extraction methods were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing.

Results

In comparison with the commercial kits, the in-house buffer yielded higher DNA quantity and quality number (P < .0001). In addition, DNA integrity and fragment size were preserved in a significantly greater number of samples isolated with the in-house buffer (P < .05). The target PCR amplification rate with the in-house buffer extracted samples was also significantly higher, with 98% of the samples showing interpretable sequencing results.

Conclusions

The in-house developed FFPE extraction buffer performed superior to other methods in terms of suitability for downstream applications, time, cost-efficiency, and ease of performance.
Testing the Reserve Capacity Model: Does Race Moderate the Relationship Between Negative Emotions and Neurocognition?
Authors: Bloom Rachel F , Siedlecki Karen L
Published: September 2022

Objective

To test whether race moderates the relationship between negative emotions and neurocognition by applying the reserve capacity model within a large sample that spans adulthood.

Method

The study sample (N = 1,020) consisted of community-dwelling adults between 18 and 84 years of age who were drawn from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project. Demographic variables were used to match a sample of Black participants to a sample of White participants. Race was examined as a moderator of the relationship between negative emotions (i.e., depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and the negative affect subscale from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and neurocognitive variables (episodic memory, reasoning, spatial visualization, and processing speed) with multiple-group structural equation modeling.

Results

After accounting for sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with processing speed in both groups, and with worse reasoning in the White subsample. Negative affect was associated with lower reasoning performance in both groups and with lower spatial visualization in the White subsample. Trait anxiety was not significantly associated with the neurocognitive constructs in either group. Multigroup structural equation models showed that the magnitudes of the associations were not different between the Black and White subsamples. Thus, race did not moderate the relationships between depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and negative affect with neurocognition.

Conclusions

Negative emotions are associated with lower performance on different neurocognitive tasks, but race does not moderate these relationships. Future research should examine perceived discrimination or other psychosocial variables when examining the relationships among negative emotions and neurocognition.