bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed study of the Boötes field using 300–500 MHz uGMRT observations: source properties and radio–infrared correlations
Authors: Sinha Akriti , Datta Abhirup
Published: September 2023

The dominant source of radio continuum emissions at low frequencies is synchrotron radiation, which originates from star-forming regions in disc galaxies and from powerful jets produced by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We studied the Boötes field using the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope at 400 MHz, achieving a central minimum off-source rms noise of 35 μJy beam−1 and a catalogue of 3782 sources in ∼6 deg2 of the sky. The resulting catalogue was compared to other radio frequency catalogues, and the corrected normalized differential source counts were derived. We use standard multiwavelength techniques to classify the sources in star-forming galaxies (SFGs), radio-loud AGNs, and radio-quiet (RQ) AGNs that confirm a boost in the SFG and RQ AGN populations at lower flux levels. For the first time, we investigated the properties of the radio–infrared (IR) relations at 400 MHz in this field. The $L_{\rm 400\, MHz}$–LTIR relations for SFGs were found to show a strong correlation with non-linear slope values of 1.10 ± 0.01, and variation of qTIR with z is given as qTIR = (2.19 ± 0.07) (1 + z)−0.15 ± 0.08. This indicates that the non-linearity of the radio–IR relations can be attributed to the mild variation of qTIR values with z. The derived relationships exhibit similar behaviour when applied to Low-Frequency Array at 150 MHz and also at 1.4 GHz. This emphasizes the fact that other parameters like magnetic field evolution with z or the number densities of cosmic ray electrons can play a vital role in the mild evolution of q values.
Impact of M-dwarf stellar wind and photoevaporation on the atmospheric evolution of small planets
Authors: Modi Ashini , Estrela Raissa , Valio Adriana
Published: September 2023

The evolution of a planet’s atmosphere depends strongly on its host star’s properties. When their host stars are younger, planets can experience stronger winds and extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV) emissions. This is particularly true for planets orbiting M dwarfs due to their close proximity to the host star. To determine if these planets retain an atmosphere, we consider the impacts from stellar wind and EUV fluxes in driving atmospheric escape throughout the planet’s lifetime. For this, we determined the atmospheric mass-loss due to stellar wind and photoevaporation on four planets in close orbit and 34 in their star’s habitable zone (HZ). The M-dwarf host stars’ wind velocity, density, and EUV flux were calculated through rotation period and X-ray flux scaling over time. The mass-loss rate due to stellar wind and photoevaporation was then computed as a function of time and accumulated throughout the planet’s age to determine the total atmospheric mass-loss of the planet’s initial H/He envelope. We find that for HZ planets at orbits <0.1 au, stellar wind can only remove ${\le} 1~{{ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the H/He envelope, while photoevaporation is essential for completely removing the H/He envelope of most targets. Moreover, due to either mechanism, most planets orbiting at >0.1 au do not have their primordial envelope stripped. Overall, out of the 38 planets studied, 13 were predicted to have lost the primordial envelope due to photoevaporation, while two planets lost the envelope due to both stellar wind and photoevaporation.
Fundamental parameters of 318 contact binaries from the TESS survey
Authors: Ding Xu , Ji KaiFan , Li XuZhi , Xiong JianPing , Cheng QiYuan , Wang JinLiang
Published: September 2023

The TESS Survey has released a large number of high-precision light curves of contact binaries. However, using the Phoebe program and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to obtain the posterior distribution of contact binary parameters is a time-consuming process. In order to obtain the contact binary parameters from the TESS survey, we build neural network (NN) models and combine them with the MCMC algorithm to obtain the contact binary parameters and parameter errors quickly. NN model is used in place of the physical model, which can generate a light curve with a precision of less than a millimagnitude. The NN model is capable of generating light curves at a speed that is four orders of magnitude faster than Phoebe running on the same computing platform. In this study, we have determined the parameters of 318 contact binary systems exhibiting relatively symmetric light curves. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was conducted on the derived parameters of these 318 targets. The coefficient of determination (R2) for 318 contact binaries between the light curves generated by Phoebe using these parameters obtained by the NN model and MCMC as inputs and the original light curves is greater than 0.99. Additionally, the distribution and correlation of the parameters for these 318 contact binary systems have been presented.
Constraining dark matter substructure with Gaia wide binaries
Authors: Ramirez Edward D , Buckley Matthew R
Published: September 2023

We use a catalogue of stellar binaries with wide separations (up to 1 pc) identified by the Gaia satellite to constrain the presence of extended substructure within the Milky Way galaxy. Heating of the binaries through repeated encounters with substructure results in a characteristic distribution of binary separations, allowing constraints to be placed independent of the formation mechanism of wide binaries. Across a wide range of subhalo density profiles, we show that subhaloes with masses $\gtrsim 65\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ and characteristic length scales similar to the separation of these wide binaries cannot make up 100 per cent of the Galaxy’s dark matter. Constraints weaken for subhaloes with larger length scales and are dependent on their density profiles. For such large subhaloes, higher central densities lead to stronger constraints. Subhaloes with density profiles similar to those expected from cold dark matter must be at least ∼5000 times denser than predicted by simulation to be constrained by the wide binary catalogue.
Modelling the effect of 3D temperature and chemistry on the cross-correlation signal of transiting ultra-hot Jupiters: a study of five chemical species on WASP-76b
Authors: Wardenier Joost P , Parmentier Vivien , Line Michael R , Lee Elspeth K H
Published: September 2023

Ultra-hot Jupiters are perfect targets for transmission spectroscopy. However, their atmospheres feature strong spatial variations in temperature, chemistry, dynamics, cloud coverage, and scale height. This makes transit observations at high spectral resolution challenging to interpret. In this work, we model the cross-correlation signal of five chemical species – Fe, CO, H2O, OH, and TiO – on WASP-76b, a benchmark ultra-hot Jupiter. We compute phase-dependent high-resolution transmission spectra of three-dimensional (3D) SPARC/MITgcm models. The spectra are obtained with gCMCRT, a 3D Monte-Carlo radiative-transfer code. We find that, on top of atmospheric dynamics, the phase-dependent Doppler shift of the absorption lines in the planetary rest frame is shaped by the combined effect of planetary rotation and the unique 3D spatial distribution of chemical species. For species probing the dayside (e.g. refractories or molecules like CO and OH), the two effects act in tandem, leading to increasing blueshifts with orbital phase. For species that are depleted on the dayside (e.g. H2O and TiO), the two effects act in an opposite manner, and could lead to increasing redshifts during the transit. This behaviour yields species-dependent offsets from a planet’s expected Kp value that can be much larger than planetary wind speeds. The offsets are usually negative for refractory species. We provide an analytical formula to estimate the size of a planet’s Kp offsets, which can serve as a prior for atmospheric retrievals. We conclude that observing the phase-resolved absorption signal of multiple species is key to constraining the 3D thermochemical structure and dynamics of ultra-hot Jupiters.
Variability, polarimetry, and timing properties of single pulses from PSR J2222−0137 using FAST
Authors: Miao X L , Zhu W W , Kramer M , Freire P C C , Shao L , Yuan M , Meng L Q , Wu Z W , Miao C C , Guo Y J , Champion D J , Fonseca E , Yao J M , Xue M Y , Niu J R , Hu H , Zhang C M
Published: September 2023

In our work, we analyse 5 × 104 single pulses from the recycled pulsar PSR J2222−0137 in one of its scintillation maxima observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). PSR J2222−0137 is one of the nearest and best studies of binary pulsars and a unique laboratory for testing gravitational theories. We report single pulses’ energy distribution and polarization from the pulsar’s main-pulse region. The single-pulse energy follows the lognormal distribution. We resolve a steep polarization swing, but at the current time resolution ($64\ \mu {\rm s}$), we find no evidence for the orthogonal jump in the main-pulse region, as has been suspected. We find a potential sub-pulse drifting period of $P_{3} \sim 3.5 P$. We analyse the jitter noise from different integrated numbers of pulses and find that its σj is $270\pm {9}\ {\rm ns}$ for 1-h integration at 1.25 GHz. This result is useful for optimizing future timing campaigns with FAST or other radio telescopes.
Comparison of damping models for kink oscillations of coronal loops
Authors: Zhong Yu , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y , Zhong Sihui , Nakariakov Valery M
Published: September 2023

Kink oscillations of solar coronal loops are of intense interest due to their potential for diagnosing plasma parameters in the corona. The accurate measurement of the kink oscillation damping time is crucial for precise seismological diagnostics, such as the transverse density profile, and for the determination of the damping mechanism. Previous studies of large-amplitude rapidly decaying kink oscillations have shown that both an exponential damping model and a generalized model (consisting of Gaussian and exponential damping patterns) fit observed damping profiles sufficiently well. However, it has recently been shown theoretically that the transition from the decaying regime to the decayless regime could be characterized by a superexponential damping model. In this work, we reanalyse a sample of decaying kink oscillation events, and utilize the Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian approach to compare the exponential, Gaussian–exponential, and superexponential damping models. It is found that in 7 out of 10 analysed oscillations, the preferential damping model is the superexponential one. In two events, the preferential damping is exponential, and in one it is Gaussian–exponential. This finding indicates the plausibility of the superexponential damping model. The possibility of a non-exponential damping pattern needs to be taken into account in the analysis of a larger number of events, especially in the estimation of the damping time and its associated empirical scalings with the oscillation period and amplitude, and in seismological inversions.
Detailed asteroseismic modelling of RR Lyrae stars with non-radial modes
Authors: Netzel H , Molnár L , Joyce M
Published: September 2023

Photometric observations from the last decade have revealed additional low-amplitude periodicities in many classical pulsators that are likely due to pulsations in non-radial modes. One group of multimode RR Lyrae stars, the so-called 0.61 stars, is particularly interesting. In these stars, the radial first overtone is accompanied by additional signals with period ratios around 0.61. The most promising explanation for these signals is pulsation in non-radial modes of degrees 8 and 9. If the theory behind the additional signals in the 0.61 stars is substantiated, it would allow us to use non-radial modes to study classical pulsators. We aim to perform asteroseismic modelling of selected 0.61 stars with independently determined physical parameters to test whether this assumption behind the modelling leads to correct results. Namely, we test whether the additional signals are indeed due to non-radial modes of the proposed moderate degrees. We selected a number of RR Lyrae stars that are also 0.61 stars and have good observational constraints on their other physical parameters. We assume that the nature of those modes is correctly explained with non-radial modes of degrees 8 or 9. Using this assumption and observational constraints on physical parameters, we performed asteroseismic modelling to test whether the observed periods and period ratios can be reproduced. For the majority of selected targets, we obtained a good match between observed and calculated periods and period ratios. For a few targets however, the results obtained are ambiguous and not straightforward to interpret.
First detection of the BAO signal from early DESI data
Authors: Moon Jeongin , Valcin David , Rashkovetskyi Michael , Saulder Christoph , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Alam Shadab , Bailey Stephen , Baltay Charles , Blum Robert , Brooks David , Burtin Etienne , Chaussidon Edmond , Dawson Kyle , de la Macorra Axel , de M attia Arnaud , Dhungana Govinda , Eisenstein Daniel , Flaugher Brenna , Font-Ribera Andreu , Forero-Romero Jaime E , Garcia-Quintero Cristhian , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Guy Julien , Hanif Malik Muhammad Sikandar , Honscheid Klaus , Ishak Mustapha , Kehoe Robert , Kim Sumi , Kisner Theodore , Kremin Anthony , Landriau Martin , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael , Manera Marc , Martini Paul , McDonald Patrick , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Myers Adam , Nadathur Seshadri , Neveux Richard , Newman Jeffrey A , Nie Jundan , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Percival Will , Pérez Fernández Alejandro , Poppett Claire , Prada Francisco , Raichoor Anand , Ross Ashley J , Rossi Graziano , Samushia Lado , Schlegel David , Seo Hee-Jong , Tarlé Gregory , Vargas Magana Mariana , Variu Andrei , Weaver Benjamin Alan , White Martin J , Yèche Christophe , Yuan Sihan , Zhao Cheng , Zhou Rongpu , Zhou Zhimin , Zou Hu
Published: September 2023

We present the first detection of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) signal obtained using unblinded data collected during the initial 2 months of operations of the Stage-IV ground-based Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). From a selected sample of 261 291 luminous red galaxies spanning the redshift interval 0.4 < z < 1.1 and covering 1651 square degrees with a 57.9  per cent completeness level, we report a ∼5σ level BAO detection and the measurement of the BAO location at a precision of 1.7  per cent. Using a bright galaxy sample of 109 523 galaxies in the redshift range 0.1 < z < 0.5, over 3677 square degrees with a 50.0  per cent completeness, we also detect the BAO feature at ∼3σ significance with a 2.6  per cent precision. These first BAO measurements represent an important milestone, acting as a quality control on the optimal performance of the complex robotically actuated, fibre-fed DESI spectrograph, as well as an early validation of the DESI spectroscopic pipeline and data management system. Based on these first promising results, we forecast that DESI is on target to achieve a high-significance BAO detection at sub-per cent precision with the completed 5-yr survey data, meeting the top-level science requirements on BAO measurements. This exquisite level of precision will set new standards in cosmology and confirm DESI as the most competitive BAO experiment for the remainder of this decade.
Cool and gusty, with a chance of rain: dynamics of multiphase CGM around massive galaxies in the Romulus simulations
Authors: Saeedzadeh Vida , Jung S Lyla , Rennehan Douglas , Babul Arif , Tremmel Michael , Quinn Thomas R , Shao Zhiwei , Sharma Prateek , Mayer Lucio , O’Sullivan E , Loubser S Ilani
Published: September 2023

Using high-resolution Romulus simulations, we explore the origin and evolution of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) in the region 0.1 ≤ R/R500 ≤ 1 around massive central galaxies in group-scale halos. We find that the CGM is multiphase and highly dynamic. Investigating the dynamics, we identify seven patterns of evolution. We show that these are robust and detected consistently across various conditions. The gas cools via two pathways: (1) filamentary cooling inflows and (2) condensations forming from rapidly cooling density perturbations. In our cosmological simulations, the perturbations are mainly seeded by orbiting substructures. The condensations can form even when the median tcool/tff of the X-ray emitting gas is above 10 or 20. Strong amplitude perturbations can provoke runaway cooling regardless of the state of the background gas. We also find perturbations whose local tcool/tff ratios drop below the threshold but which do not condense. Rather, the ratios fall to some minimum value and then bounce. These are weak perturbations that are temporarily swept up in satellite wakes and carried to larger radii. Their tcool/tff ratios decrease because tff is increasing, not because tcool is decreasing. For structures forming hierarchically, our study highlights the challenge of using a simple threshold argument to infer the CGM’s evolution. It also highlights that the median hot gas properties are suboptimal determinants of the CGM’s state and dynamics. Realistic CGM models must incorporate the impact of mergers and orbiting satellites, along with the CGM’s heating and cooling cycles.
Call to Improve the Quality of Prediction Tools for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Resection: A Critical Appraisal, Systematic Review, and External Validation Study
Authors: Choi Woo Jin , Walker Richard , Rajendran Luckshi , Jones Owen , Gravely Annie , Englesakis Marina , Gallinger Steven , Hirschfield Gideon , Hansen Bettina , Sapisochin Gonzalo
Published: September 2023

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review, critical appraisal, and external validation of survival prediction tools for patients undergoing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) resection.

Summary background data:

Despite the development of several survival prediction tools in recent years for patients undergoing iCCA resections, there is a lack of critical appraisal and external validation of these models.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and critical appraisal of survival and recurrence prediction models for patients undergoing curative-intent iCCA resections. Studies were evaluated based on their model design, risk of bias, reporting, performance, and validation results. We identified the best model and externally validated it using our institution’s data.

Results:

This review included a total of 31 studies, consisting of 26 studies with original prediction tools and 5 studies that only conducted external validations. Among the 26, 54% of the studies conducted internal validations, 46% conducted external validations, and only 1 study scored a low risk of bias. Harrell’s C-statistics ranged from 0.67 to 0.76 for internal validation and from 0.64 to 0.75 for external validation. Only 81% of the studies reported model calibration. Our external validation of the best model (Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma [ICC]-Metroticket) estimated Harrell’s and Uno’s C-statistics of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56–0.77) and Uno’s time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53–0.88), with a Brier score of 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15–0.26) and good calibration plots.

Conclusions:

Many prediction models have been published in recent years, but their quality remains poor, and minimal methodological quality improvement has been observed. The ICC-Metroticket was selected as the best model (Uno’s time-dependent AUC of 0.71) for 5-year overall survival prediction in patients undergoing curative-intent iCCA resection.
Male Hypogonadism Does Not Affect Surgical Outcomes After Primary Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement
Authors: Gabrielson Andrew T. , Galansky Logan B. , Choi Una , Cohen Andrew
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Studies suggest a link between hypogonadism and complications after artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement. We investigated this association and evaluated whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) before AUS placement attenuates this risk in hypogonadal patients.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX network between 2008 and 2022. We defined 2 groups undergoing primary AUS: (1) eugonadal and (2) hypogonadal patients. We further assessed the hypogonadal cohort by comparing TRT recipients with TRT-naïve patients before AUS. Propensity score matching was used to account for differences in covariates between eugonadal and hypogonadal cohorts. Outcomes included 5-year all-cause revision, erosion, mechanical failure, or device infection.

Results:

A total of 4308 eugonadal and 514 hypogonadal patients (95 with TRT, 409 TRT-naïve) were included. After matching, the eugonadal and hypogonadal cohorts each contained 504 patients. The median follow-up times for the eugonadal and hypogonadal cohorts were 6 and 5 years, respectively. We found no difference in 5-year all-cause revision (25% vs 28%, P = .35), erosion (1.2% vs 2.2%, P = .22), device infection (3.6% vs 4.0%, P = .74), or mechanical failure (16% vs 17%, P = .67) between eugonadal and hypogonadal patients. In the hypogonadal subanalysis, we found no difference in 5-year device outcomes between TRT recipients and TRT-naïve patients. Post-AUS, only 22 (5%) patients in the TRT-naïve arm received new TRT, suggesting minimal crossover.

Conclusions:

In matched cohorts of eugonadal and hypogonadal patients undergoing primary AUS placement, we observed no difference in 5-year device outcomes. TRT does not appear to affect surgical outcomes in hypogonadal patients undergoing AUS placement. These hypothesis-generating findings warrant further evaluation.
Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic values and immune implication of ESYT3 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xuedong , Chen Jianlin , Meng Jie
Published: September 2023

Few studies have reported the association between ESYT3 and tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular features and potential roles of ESYT3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the present study, GEPIA, UALCAN, TCGA databases, and KM Plotter were primarily used to study ESYT3 mRNA expression profiles and prognostic values in patients with LUAD. Then we evaluated co-expressed genes of ESYT3 by cBioPortal online tools and performed enrichment analysis using Metascape. Moreover, the relationship between ESYT3 and immune infiltrating cells was explored via TIMER2, and MethSurv database was used to conduct methylation analysis. We found ESYT3 was downregulated in LUAD tissues based on TCGA and GEPIA databases. Low expression of ESYT3 mRNA was observed to be significantly correlated with N classification and stage classification. GEPIA2, UALCAN databases and KM Plotter showed that low expression levels of ESYT3 was associated with poor survival in LUAD patients. The enrichment analysis indicated that co-expressed genes of ESYT3 were highly enriched in cell division. Then, our study showed ESYT3 was correlated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. Additionally, hypomethylation was associated with low ESYT3 expression and poor prognosis in LUAD. In conclusion, this study suggested ESYT3 could be a potential prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target in LUAD.
Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization and capecitabine in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein involvement
Authors: Şener Nur , Yakupoğlu Abdullah
Published: September 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)withportal vein tumor thrombus is considered an advanced stage disease. Non-surgical local and systemic therapies are the only treatment options available. To analyze the survival and toxicity outcomes of systemic treatment concurrent with yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization in HCC with liver-limited disease and portal vein involvement with Child–Pugh B liver reserve. The medical records of 22 patients who underwent yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization concomitant with capecitabine chemotherapy as first-line treatment between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Grade 3 to 4 side effects were evaluated, and hepatic encephalopathy developed in 1 patient after yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization. In the fourth month of radiological evaluation, 11 patients had a partial response (50%), 5 patients had stable disease (22.7%), and 6 patients (27.3%) developed progressive disease. The median survival time was 21 months. Combined treatment with yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization and capecitabine may be an effective and safe treatment option. Treatment was associated with a median overall survival of 21 months and a disease control rate of 72.7% at 4 months in patients with inoperable HCC.
Identification of potential biomarkers and candidate therapeutic drugs for clear cell renal cell carcinoma by bioinformatic analysis and reverse network pharmacology
Authors: Meng Zhuo , Yuan Bo , Yang Shuang , Fu Xiaotong , Zhang Baoyue , Xu Kun , Bao Pengfei , Huang Youliang
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the potential biomarkers using bioinformatics technology, explore the pathogenesis, and investigate potential Chinese herbal ingredients for the Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which could provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of ccRCC. The gene expression datasets GSE6344 and GSE53757 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in ccRCC carcinogenesis and disease progression. Enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction networks construction, survival analysis and herbal medicines screening were performed with related software and online analysis platforms. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis has also been performed to screen potential target drugs of ccRCC and molecular docking analysis has been used to validate their effects. Total 274 common DEGs were extracted through above process, including 194 up-regulated genes and 80 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly focused on multiple amino acid metabolism and HIF signaling pathway. Ten hub genes, including FLT1, BDNF, LCP2, AGXT2, PLG, SLC13A3, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, SLC22A7, and SLC13A3, were screened. Survival analysis showed that FLT1, BDNF, AGXT2, PLG, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, and SLC12A3 were closely correlated with the overall survival of ccRCC, and AGXT2, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, and SLC22A7 were closely associated with DFS. The potential therapeutic herbs that have been screened were Danshen, Baiguo, Yinxing, Huangqin and Chuanshanlong. The active compounds which may be effective in ccRCC treatment were kaempferol, Scillaren A and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
Efficacy, safety, and economy of shensongyangxin capsules for the treatment of coronary heart disease arrhythmia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ma Luyao , Li Libing , Ma Fujin , Ma Fuyun , Ma Shujia
Published: September 2023

Background:

Shensong Yangxin Capsules (SSYX) is a proprietary Chinese medicine commonly, used in the treatment of arrhythmia. In recent years, a flurry of randomized controlled trials of SSYX was reported in the treatment of Coronary heart disease arrhythmia in China. However, these experiments have not been systematically evaluated by economics. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and economy of the SSYX in the treatment of arrhythmia in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods:

With “Shensong Yangxin Capsules” “Coronary Heart Disease” “Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease”and “Arrhythmia” as the subject words, the relevant journals and conference papers were searched manually in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP, PubMed, Web Of Science, CBM, Embase and The Cochrane Library. The literature of randomized controlled trials of SSYX in the treatment of coronary heart disease arrhythmia was searched until November 2022. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 Sotware and combined with cost-effectiveness for economic evaluation.

Results:

Twenty randomized controlled trials were included in this study, with a total of 2011 cases. The meta-analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of SSYX-metoprolol is superior to that of metoprolol alone. SSYX is superior to amiodarone in improving the total clinical effective rate, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions, and reducing the junction premature beats. There was no significant difference between the SSYX and amiodarone in the curative effect of ECG, ventricular premature complexes, and atrial premature beats. The results of pharmacoeconomics show that SSYX has a cost-effectiveness advantage in treating coronary heart disease arrhythmia. Single-factor sensitivity analysis also confirmed the stability of the results. In summary, SSYX has a curative effect, safety, and economy in treating coronary heart disease arrhythmia.
A Qualitative Exploration of Nurse Faculty Experiences Related to the Sudden Unanticipated Death of a Nursing Student
Authors: Colancecco Elise , Farber Janice , Dorney Paulette
Published: September 2023

Background:

Nurse faculty serve as teachers, role models, and mentors to nursing students. This unique relationship results in a myriad of feelings when a student dies. Limited research exists in examining faculty grief related to the sudden unanticipated death of a nursing student.

Purpose:

To explore the experiences of nurse faculty following the sudden unanticipated death of a nursing student.

Methods:

Researchers conducted a phenomenological qualitative study. The source of qualitative data included a demographic questionnaire and in-depth interviews with 13 participants throughout the geographical regions of the United States.

Results:

Six following themes emerged: (1) leadership response, (2) grief experience, (3) role uncertainty, (4) grief triggers, (5) cannot help but think what if, and (6) acknowledging a life unfulfilled.

Conclusion:

This study yields a rich understanding of the unique grief experiences of nurse faculty, warranting the need for further dialogue, faculty education, policy development, and supportive interventions for faculty and administrative leaders.
The need for prosthetic and orthotic rehabilitation inclusion in early pediatric intervention centers in India: A viewpoint
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Yadav Vinita
Published: September 2023

The article focuses on the need for prosthetic and orthotic services in India to improve the quality of life of children with disabilities through early identification and intervention. Early intervention is the earliest identification and comprehensive service and support for children with developmental delays and disabilities ranging from 0 to 6 years to improve their ability to adapt to society. A practical early intervention delays or prevents future complications and prepares the child for functional adult life. It may positively affect the quality of life of the differently abled and their family members, and they can lead an active personal and social life. Also, such interventions promote the well-being and dignity of the differently abled and their parents, which may result in national economic progress. Prosthetic and orthotic rehabilitation facilities under the leadership of qualified professionals are needed in India's government and private setups.
Radiologists' Rating for Comparative Qualitative Assessment of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Using Novel Analysis Methods
Authors: Baidya Kayal Esha , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Yadav Richa , Khare Kedar , Bakhshi Sameer , Sharma Raju , Mehndiratta Amit
Published: September 2023

Objective

The objective was to assess qualitative interpretability and quantitative precision and reproducibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parametric images evaluated using novel IVIM analysis methods for diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

Intravoxel incoherent motion datasets of 55 patients (male/female = 41:14; age = 17.8 ± 5.5 years) with histopathology-proven osteosarcoma were analyzed. Intravoxel incoherent motion parameters—diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f), and perfusion coefficient (D*)—were estimated using 5 IVIM analysis methods—(i) biexponential (BE) model, (ii) BE-segmented fitting 2-parameter (BESeg-2), (iii) BE-segmented fitting 1-parameter (BESeg-1), (iv) BE model with total variation penalty function (BE + TV), and (v) BE model with Huber penalty function (BE + HPF). Qualitative scoring in a 5-point Likert scale (uninterpretable: 1; poor: 2; fair: 3; good: 4; excellent: 5) was performed by 2 radiologists for 4 criteria: (a) tumor shape and margin, (b) morphologic correlation, (c) noise suppression, and (d) overall interpretability. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using Spearman rank-order correlation (r
s). Precision and reproducibility were evaluated using within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV) and between-subject coefficient of variation (bCV).

Results

BE + TV and BE + HPF produced significantly (P < 10−3) higher qualitative scores for D (fair–good [3.3–3.8]) than BE (poor [2.3]) and for D* (poor–fair [2.2–2.7]) and f (fair–good [3.2–3.8]) than BE, BESeg-2, and BESeg-1 (D*: uninterpretable–poor [1.3–1.9] and f: poor–fair [1.5–3]). Interobserver agreement for qualitative scoring was r
s = 0.48–0.59, P < 0.009. BE + TV and BE + HPF showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved reproducibility in estimating D (wCV: 24%–31%, bCV: 21%–31% improvement) than the BE method and D* (wCV: 4%–19%, bCV: 5%–19% improvement) and f (wCV: 25%–49%, bCV: 25%–47% improvement) than BE, BESeg-2, and BESeg-1 methods.

Conclusions

BE + TV and BE + HPF demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively improved IVIM parameter estimation and may be considered for clinical use further.
Enlarging 18F-FDG–Avid Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Distinctly Unusual Presentation of Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Zamora Edgar , Edema Ukuemi , Zuckier Lionel S.
Published: September 2023

Rapidly growing lung lesions, particularly in immunocompromised patients, invoke consideration of an infectious etiology. Aspergillomas, for example, can appear as round nodules with soft tissue attenuation, often associated with cavitation, and are variably 18F-FDG avid. In contrast, cytomegalovirus, which may also evidence 18F-FDG uptake, typically manifests as ground-glass opacities, symmetrically distributed small pulmonary nodules, or confluent consolidations, with lower lobe predilection. We describe a patient treated for lymphoma presenting with a solitary enlarging FDG-avid lung nodule, which was determined on resection to be focal cytomegalovirus infection, a distinctly uncommon presentation of this pathogen, more typical of fungal or mycobacterial disease.
Microbial Primer: LuxR-LuxI Quorum Sensing
Authors: Soto-Aceves Martin P. , Diggle Stephen P. , Greenberg E. Peter
Published: September 2023

Quorum sensing is a term describing bacterial cell-to-cell communication systems for monitoring and responding to changes in population density. This primer serves as an introduction to the canonical LuxR-LuxI-type quorum sensing circuits common to many species of Gram-negative bacteria. Quorum sensing can synchronize behaviours across a community. Different species employ quorum sensing strategies to control specific behaviours such as bioluminescence, virulence factor production, secondary metabolite production, and biofilm formation.
Cooperative progression of colitis and leukemia modulated by clonal hematopoiesis via PTX3/IL-1β pro-inflammatory signaling
Authors: He Hang , Wen Yuchen , Yu Hanzhi , Liu Jingjing , Huo Qingran , Jin Wenyan , Wang Zhiqin , Du Guohui , Du Jun , Wang Huaquan , Zhao Zhigang , Cai Zhigang
Published: September 2023

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is considered an important risk factor for all-cause mortality and the development of multiple chronic diseases including hematological neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and potentially a range of autoimmune or immune-deficiency diseases. Mutations inTET2are one of the first identified, most important, and prevalent genetic drivers of CH. However, cooperative factors and mechanisms underlyingTET2-deficiency related CH (TedCH) remain largely unknown. Recently, it has been suggested that certain diseases occurred before TedCH and promote TedCH trajectory on the contrary, indicating that diseases in non-hematopoietic organs may act as environmental non-genetic drivers of CH. To clarify the relationships between immune-dysfunctional diseases and CH, here we tested the impact of various challenges on TedCH. We found that expedited TedCH depended on establishment of an inflammatory environment. Primary or chimericTet2-mutant mice spontaneously developed co-symptoms reminiscent of human chronic colitis and myeloid leukemia, which was exacerbated by feeding with DSS, an experimental inducer of ulcerative colitis. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis reveals in depth the damage of colon in theTet2-mutant mice in physiological conditions or fed with DSS, along with increase of dysbacteriosis indicated by gut microbiome analysis. Results from colon scRNA-seq from both mouse and human highlight the important roles of PTX3/IL-1β pro-inflammatory signaling in promoting colitis or leukemia. Finally, TedCH trajectory and inflammation in colon and bone marrow were ameliorated by treatment of IL-1R1 inhibitor Anakinra. Our study suggests that PTX3/IL-1β signaling and clonal hematopoiesis cooperate and play important roles in gut-bone marrow axis and related diseases including colitis and leukemia.

Highlights

Certain environmental factors, such as Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), an experimental inducer of ulcerative colitis, promote TedCH

Colitis and leukemia are spontaneously and simultaneously developed inTet2-defficient primary or chimeric mice, along with increased pathogenic gut microbiomes, indicating an aberrant gut-bone marrow axis in the mutant mice.

Single cell RNA-seq analysis reveals enhanced PTX3, a soluble pattern recognition molecule and IL-1β pro-inflammatory signaling in colitis and leukemia.

TheIn vivofunction of the PTX3/IL-1β pro-inflammatory signaling in TedCH is indicated in human colitis and validated in experimental settings.
Disruption of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain assembly by antisense oligonucleotides impairs protein homeostasis and myeloma cell survival
Authors: Horiot Catherine , Roussel Murielle , Praité Antoine , Pollet Justine , Bender Sébastien , Sirac Christophe , Bonaud Amélie , Delpy Laurent
Published: September 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is related to the accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow. MM accounts for approximatively 10% of hematological malignancies and despite major improvement in therapies and outcomes, relapses will virtually occur in all patients. Usually, the disease goes along with an excess production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) component by the tumor PC clone. However, many questions remain regarding the consequences of a deregulated Ig production on PC survival. Recent advances in RNA-based therapy using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) prompted us to examine the impact of altered Ig heavy to light chain (HC/LC) ratios in MM cells. We designed a pan IgG subclasses specific ASO targeting a consensus sequence found in the polyadenylation signal (PAS) of all secretedIGHGmRNAs (IgG-ASO). Remarkably, treatment with this compound strongly decreased IgG secretion in MM cell lines and patient cells. Consistent with a deregulated HC/LC ratio, a dose-dependent excess of free-LCs (as monomers and dimers) was observed in myeloma cells treated with IgG-ASO, compared to an irrevelant control ASO (CTRL). RNA-seq profiles further indicated that the expression of genes involved in cellular metabolism, unfolded protein response (UPR) and cell death pathways were altered after treatment with IgG-ASO. Interestingly, impaired survival of primary IgG-expressing cells isolated from MM patients was achieved upon treatment with IgG-ASO, whereas no major effect was observed for healthy cells. Altogether, our data provide evidence for efficient inhibition of IgG secretion upon ASO treatment and suggest that an excess of free-LC due to disruption of HC/LC stoichiometry is toxic for MM cells expressing complete Ig. Such RNA-based strategies targeting PC in an Ig isotype-dependent manner could open new avenues for selective therapeutic approaches in PC dyscrasias.
Delivering biochemicals with precision using bioelectronic devices enhanced with feedback control
Authors: Marquez Giovanny , Dechiraju Harika , Baniya Prabhat , Li Houpu , Tebyani Maryam , Pansodtee Pattawong , Jafari Mohammad , Teodorescu Mircea , Rolandi Marco , Gomez Marcella
Published: September 2023

Precision medicine tailors treatment in a way that accounts for variations in patient response. Treatment strategies can be determined based on factors such as genetic mutations, age, and diet. Another way of implementing precision medicine in a dynamic fashion is through bioelectronics equipped with real-time sensing and intelligent actuation. Bioelectronic devices such as ion pumps can be utilized to deliver therapeutic drugs. To be able to perform precision medicine, medical devices need to be able to deliver drugs with high precision. For this, closed-loop control is required to be able to change the treatment strategy as new information about the response and progression of the biological system is received. To this end, a sliding mode controller is utilized given its ability to perform satisfactory control actions when there is model uncertainty. The controller is used in an experiment with the goal of delivering a pre-determined dosage of fluoxetine throughout a period of time.
Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America
Authors: Intriago Pablo , Medina Andres , Cercado Nicole , Arteaga Kelly , Montenegro Alejandra , Burgos Milena , Espinoza Jorge , Brock James A , McIntosh Robins , Flegel Tim
Published: September 2023

Multiple PCR analyzes were performed using 19 different primer sets to open and broaden the search spectrum for shrimp pathogens. In addition, multiple primer pairs for 10 pathogens were compared to see if there were differences in selectivity or sensitivity among them. Some pathogens that did not present histological lesions were detected. The most important outcome was that selection of appropriate primers was the most critical factor in obtaining reliable results. We found high variability in results among primers and we learned it was prudent to seasonally assess among them for the best set selection. It is important to understand that a PCR positive test result alone does not confirm the presence of a viable pathogen or a disease state. Nor, as might be expected, does it mean that the positive PCR test results will be necessarily accompanied by histological lesions characteristic of the targeted pathogen. However, the use of appropriately selected primers sets can reveal whether there is an evolution in the result spectrum over time and if some pathogens disappear or reappear or new ones emerge. In general, most shrimp presented coinfections that consisted of the presence of WzSV8, DHPV, chronic midgut inflammation and tubule distension/epithelial atrophy consistent with Pir A/B toxicity. Also included were RLB/NHPB, microsporidia, striated muscle necrosis, gregarines in the hindgut caecum (gametocyte stage, and not associated with tegumental glands but glands that line the mouth and anus) and encysted, presumed nematode larvae. WzSV8 was newly discovered in gonads. Histological changes and the presence of spheroids in the lymphoid organ were considered as healthy host responses of often unidentified cause.
Manifestations, Diagnosis and Treatment of Osseous Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Agarwal Abhimanyu , Abozeed Mostafa
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

We hypothesize that lymphadenopathy and extraosseous manifestation affect the management protocol and our aim is to aid in development of standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols.

METHODS

PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from January 2012 through December 2022 using keywords “Rosai-Dorfman”, “Rosai and Dorfman,” and “bone“. Out of 98 researches, meta-analysis of 51 full-text studies involving 53 individuals with osseous RDD was conducted.

RESULTS

A significant association was found between lymphadenopathy with steroid therapy (OR: 20.125, 95%CI: 3.02, 134.09, P=0.0004). Extraosseous RDD showed significant association with steroid therapy (P=0.0145), T1-isointense MRI (OR: 0.173, 95%CI: 0.0304, 0.986, P=0.035), T1-hyperintense MRI (OR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.0314, 0.815, P=0.019) and T2-hyperintense MRI (OR: 0.115, 95%CI= 0.0206, 0.6456, P=0.007).

CONCLUSION

Osseous RDD is rare and lacks standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols. Patients with lymphadenopathy were 9 times more likely to receive steroids, and those with extraosseous manifestations were less likely to undergo MRI. RDD is often not initially considered in differential diagnoses, leading to worsened conditions. We propose that further testing is required in affected individuals to develop standardized protocols.

Key Points

Revealed variations in osseous and extraosseous involvement and immunohistochemistry played a crucial role in diagnosis.

Found association of lymphadenopathy and extraosseous involvement with steroid therapy and diagnostic modalities of RDD.

Limitations include reliance on case reports (low-quality evidence), potential inclusion bias in reported data.