bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ficções históricas de Timor-Leste: tempo, violência e gênero na produção fílmica pós-independência
Authors: De Lucca Daniel
Published: November 2020

Este artigo discute a produção fílmica sobre Timor-Leste em conexão direta com sua história política. Após situar a linguagem audiovisual no contexto do colonialismo português e da ocupação indonésia, o trabalho examina a produção no pós-independência, propondo uma leitura de contraponto entre três ficções históricas premiadas que abordam eventos críticos da luta de libertação: Answered by Fire (2006), Balibo (2009) e A guerra da Beatriz (2013). Especial atenção é dada às diferentes estratégias narrativas de construção de tempo, violência e gênero, categorias-chave que servem como guia na análise. Estabelecendo diálogos com outras criações contemporâneas e indagando sobre os sentidos de se transformar a história da luta de libertação em filmes de ficção, o artigo percorre importantes momentos do nascimento da nação e também do cinema timorense, revelando enlaces profundos entre a produção audiovisual e a imaginação histórica, não só nas projeções sobre o passado mas também em suas fantasias sobre o futuro.

Palavras-chave: Timor-Leste - cinema - história - violência - gênero.

 

Abstract:

This article discusses the film production about Timor-Leste in direct connection with its political history. After placing the audiovisual language in the context of Portuguese colonialism and the Indonesian occupation, the post-independence production is analyzed and a counter-interpretation is proposed between three award-winning historical fictions that address critical events of the liberation struggle: Answered by Fire (2006), Balibo (2009), and A Guerra da Beatriz (2013). The different narrative strategies of construction of time, violence and gender are focused on as they serve as key categories for analysis. Dialoguing with other contemporary creations and inquiring about the meaning of transforming the history of the liberation struggle into fiction movies, this paper covers important moments of the nation’s birth and of Timorese cinema, revealing deep links between audiovisual production and historical imagination, not only in its projections about the past but also in its fantasies about the future.

Keywords: Timor-Leste - cinema - history - violence - gender.
Terra de Pardo: entre forros, reinóis e lavouras de cana - Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, 1720-1800
Authors: Cruz Jerônimo Aguiar Duarte da
Published: November 2020

Este artigo propõe analisar o processo de constituição dos direitos de propriedade das comunidades pardas em uma freguesia açucareira do Rio de Janeiro entre 1715 e 1799. Por meio de intenso cruzamento dos registros eclesiásticos, livros de notas e de uma lista nominativa, procuramos demonstrar a relevância e a estabilidade dos pardos na condição de chefes de domicílio e lavradores de cana. Tal documentação possibilita investigar, ainda, a autonomia dos pardos na formação de famílias legítimas e na distribuição de parentes nas terras da região, em um contexto de crescimento populacional, marcado pela chegada de reinóis e pelo ingresso de ex-escravos no mundo da liberdade. A partir de análises quantitativas e de estudos de caso, pretendemos relativizar o conceito de “terra de preto”, enfatizando a especificidade da “terra de pardo” entre os descendentes de escravos na conformação de suas comunidades em áreas rurais.

Palavras-chave: pardos - ex-escravos - mestiçagem - lavradores de cana e terra de pardo.

 

Abstract:

This article proposes to analyze the process of constitution of the property rights of the pardos communities in a sugar parish in Rio de Janeiro between 1715 and 1799. Through an intense data crossing ecclesiastical records, public scriptures and a nominative list we seek to demonstrate the relevance and stability of the pardos in the condition of heads of households and sugarcane farmers. This documentation also seeks to investigate the autonomy of the pardos in the formation of legitimate families and in the distribution of relatives in the lands of the region in a context of population growth, marked by the arrival of portugueses, azoreans and by the ingress of former slaves in the world of freedom. From quantitative analysis and case studies we intend to discuss the concept of terra de preto, emphasizing the specificity of the terras dos pardos among the descendants of slaves in the conformation of their communities in rural areas.

Keywords: pardos - former slaves - miscegenation - sugarcane farmers and property rights.
Manuscritos afro-islâmicos do Brasil oitocentista: os amuletos árabes da coleção Nina Rodrigues
Authors: Müller Juliane
Published: November 2020

Amuletos islâmicos de papel, com versículos do Qurʾān ou outros textos mágico-religiosos em escrita árabe, eram de amplo uso entre pessoas africanas no Brasil do século XIX. Este artigo oferece uma análise detalhada dos textos árabes em manuscritos talismânicos colecionados pelo médico e antropólogo baiano Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862-1906), que foram descritos e reproduzidos em seu livro Os Africanos no Brasil, publicado postumamente em 1932. A análise inclui reconstruções e traduções dos textos árabes e sua localização no contexto da tradição islâmica, comparando-os a outros manuscritos do Brasil e da África Ocidental. Finalmente, o artigo propõe um novo inventário dos amuletos árabes da coleção Nina Rodrigues.

Palavras-chave: amuletos islâmicos - pessoas africanas no Brasil - manuscritos árabes - malês - Qurʾān.

 

Abstract:

Islamic amulets made of paper with Qurʾānic verses or other magico-religious texts in Arabic script were widely used by Africans in 19th-century Brazil. This article offers a detailed analysis of the Arabic writings in talismanic manuscripts collected by the Bahian physician and anthropologist Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862–1906), which were described and reproduced in his book Os Africanos no Brasil (“Africans in Brazil”), posthumously published in 1932. The analysis includes reconstructions and translations of the Arabic texts and their contextualization within Islamic tradition by comparing them to other manuscripts from Brazil and West Africa. Finally, the article proposes a new inventory of the Arabic amulets from the Nina Rodrigues collection.

Keywords: Islamic amulets - Africans in Brazil - Arabic manuscripts - malês - Qurʾān.

 
Fotografias e histórias
Authors: Koutsoukos Sandra
Published: November 2020

Resenha de:
FOX-AMATO, Matthew. Exposing Slavery. Photography, Human Bondage, and the Birth of Modern Visual Politics in America. Nova York: Oxford University Press, 2019. 343p.
The intergerational relationship between grandparents and grandchildren: integrative review / A relação intergeracional entre o avós e netos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Sá Romeika Barboza Cartaxo Pires , Silva Antônia Lêda Oliveira , Alves Karoline de Lima , Sá Célia Maria Cartaxo Pires , Cruz Maria Virginia Tavares , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes
Published: November 2020

Objetivo:evidenciar as publicações científicas sobre a relação intergeracional entre avós e netos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa e para a coleta dos dados foram definidas cinco bases de dados: Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine e Lilacs. Também, foram utilizados os descritores: Elderly; Intergenerational Relations; Grandparents; preschool children e os descritores: Idoso; Relação Intergeracional; Avós; Escolares. Resultados: a partir dessa exposição a amostra final ficou integrada por 23 artigos incluídos na revisão. Conclusão: a relação entre a pessoa idosa e a criança, pode refletir positivamente na manutenção da autonomia e independência em algumas atividades, manter o nível cognitivo e motor, influenciar na socialização.
Child developmental monitoring: implementation through the family health strategy nurse / Vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil: implementação pelo enfermeiro da estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Neto Gregório Gondim Pereira , Nunes Waleska de Brito , Andrade Luciana Dantas Farias de , Vieira Daniele de Souza , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Santos Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho de Brito
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Analisar como ocorre a implementação da vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil no processo de cuidado de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 11 enfermeiros atuantes na Estratégia Saúde da Família de dois municípios do Curimataú Paraibano. Os dados foram coletados de novembro a dezembro de 2018, por entrevista semiestruturada e tratados conforme análise temática. Resultados: Foi evidenciado o tema “Vigilância do Desenvolvimento Infantil e a implementação pelo enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família” abordando quais instrumentos utilizados e registros realizados para a vigilância do desenvolvimento; aspectos considerados na avaliação da criança e promoção do desenvolvimento infantil. Conclusão: Percebe-se a necessidade de instituições de ensino superior na área de saúde e gestores enxergarem a problemática e investirem na formação e qualificação profissional, no intuito de empoderar os enfermeiros para a vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil na atenção primária, de forma sistemática e integral.
Achieving Ultrahigh Volumetric Energy Storage by Compressing Nitrogen and Sulfur Dual‐Doped Carbon Nanocages via Capillarity
Authors: Li Guochang , Mao Kun , Liu Meng , Yan Minglei , Zhao Jie , Zeng Yu , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng
Published: November 2020

High volumetric performance is a challenging issue for carbon‐based electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). Herein, collapsed N,S dual‐doped carbon nanocages (cNS‐CNC) are constructed by simple capillary compression, which eliminates the surplus meso‐ and macropores, leading to a much increased density only at the slight expense of specific surface area. The N,S dual‐doping induces strong polarity of the carbon surface, and thus much improves the wettability and charge transfer. The synergism of the high density, large ion‐accessible surface area, and fast charge transfer leads to state‐of‐the‐art volumetric performance under the premise of high rate capability. At a current density of 50 A g−1, the optimized cNS‐CNC delivers a high volumetric capacitance of 243 and 199 F cm−3 in KOH and EMIMBF4 electrolyte, with high energy density of 7.9 and 93.4 Wh L−1, respectively. A top‐level stack volumetric energy density of 75.3 Wh L−1 (at power density of 0.7 kW L−1) and a maximal stack volumetric power density of 112 kW L−1 (at energy density of 18.8 Wh L−1) are achieved in EMIMBF4, comparable to the lead–acid battery in energy density but better in power density with 2–3 orders. This study demonstrates an efficient strategy to design carbon‐based materials for high‐volumetric‐performance EDLCs with wide practical applications.
Topology‐Controlled Hydration of Polymer Network in Hydrogels for Solar‐Driven Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhou Xingyi , Guo Youhong , Zhao Fei , Shi Wen , Yu Guihua
Published: November 2020

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation provides a promising method for sustainable freshwater production. However, high energy consumption of vapor generation fundamentally restricts practicality of solar‐driven wastewater treatment. Here a facile strategy is reported to control the hydration of polymer network in hydrogels, where densely cross‐linked polymers serving as a framework are functionalized by a highly hydratable polymeric network. The hydration of polymer chains generates a large amount of weakly bounded water molecules, facilitating the water evaporation. As a result, the hydrogel‐based solar evaporator can extract water from a variety of contaminants such as salts, detergents, and heavy metal components using solar energy with long‐term durability and stability. This work demonstrates an effective way to tune the interaction between water and materials at a molecular level, as well as an energy‐efficient water treatment technology toward wastewater containing complex contaminants.
Smart Textiles with Janus Wetting and Wicking Properties Fabricated by Graphene Oxide Coatings
Authors: Guan Xinyi , Wang Xi , Huang Yuhao , Zhao Lihuan , Sun Xuantong , Owens Huw , Lu Jian Ren , Liu Xuqing
Published: November 2020

The interaction between water and fibers is critical in the physiological comfort of garments, especially inner wears. Antigravity directional water transport and ultrafast evaporation are the two key indicators to be expected of a high‐performance moisture management textile. However, it is practically still challenging to make the textiles with continuous directional liquid moisture transport and outstanding prevention of water penetration in the reverse direction. In this work, a Janus functional textile achieved by graphene oxide (GO) coating is developed, with the GO coating side on the textile working as the outer side for its good moisture absorbing and spreading features and the reduced GO coating side serving as the inner layer because of its hydrophobicity. Performance of the as‐prepared textile is characterized by moisture management tester, exhibiting remarkable accumulative one‐way transport index R (1145%) and a desired overall moisture management capacity (0.77) within 120 s, the negative R value (−690.4%) indicates an ultrahigh directional liquid moisture transport capacity. The Janus textile can provide a source of inspiration for the development of more adaptive textiles and garments to maximize personal comfort in demanding situations under hot and humid environments.
Highly Sensitive Self‐Powered H2 Sensor Based on Nanostructured Thermoelectric Silicon Fabrics
Authors: Pujadó Mercè Pacios , Gordillo Jose Manuel Sojo , Avireddy Hemesh , Cabot Andreu , Morata Alex , Tarancón Albert
Published: November 2020

Self‐powered sensors running on small differences of temperature are considered promising candidates to cover the increasing demand of sustainable and maintenance‐free wireless sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). Under this context, a cost‐effective and self‐powered hydrogen thermoelectric sensor is presented here as a proof of concept for battery‐less IoT nodes. The device is based on low‐density paper‐like fabrics made of functionalized thermoelectric silicon nanotubes able to harvest energy from the heat released by exothermic reactions, such as the hydrogen catalytic oxidation. This gives an accurate value of the reacting gas concentration without any external power requirement. Experimental results confirm that this self‐powered sensor can autonomously measure concentrations as low as 250 ppm of hydrogen in air while generating power densities up to 0.5 μW cm−2 for 3% H2 at room temperature that can be eventually used to store or send the reading. Due to the universality of the concept, this new class of devices will positively contribute toward the development of other advanced self‐powered sensor nodes in the advent of the Internet of things to be used in different safety scenarios.
Generation of Arbitrary Longitudinal Polarization Vortices by Pupil Function Manipulation
Authors: Liu Xin , Peng Yifan , Tu Shijie , Guan Jun , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu , Hao Xiang
Published: November 2020

The properties of optical vortex provide new insights into a wide range of optical and physical phenomena, giving rise to numerous applications in multiple disciplines. Notably, as much as the associated technologies have become increasingly flexible, it is still challenging to simultaneously generate multiple longitudinal polarization optical vortices with random topological charges (l) and tunable intensities at arbitrary positions. Herein, a novel approach that, by manipulating phase and amplitude at the back pupil of a high numerical‐aperture (NA) objective, realizes arbitrary longitudinal polarization vortices within the tightly focused light field is developed. Building upon the same model, the impacts of polarization on the optical vortex field and its potential of tuning the ratio of the longitudinal polarization component are further investigated.
Combining Photothermal Therapy‐Induced Immunogenic Cell Death and Hypoxia Relief‐Benefited M1‐Phenotype Macrophage Polarization for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Xiaoyu , Lin Shichao , Liu Yufeng , Lin Junshu , Jiang Bo , Zhao Xiaozhi , Wei Hui
Published: November 2020

The promise of anti‐tumor immunotherapy is limited partially by low antigen exposure and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. To address these two limitations simultaneously, herein, a multifunctional AuNR@BSA/MnO2 to enable photothermal therapy‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) and hypoxia relief‐benefited M1 polarization of macrophages for enhanced cancer immunotherapy, is designed. The ICD and M1 polarization are demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo by detecting the corresponding markers. Then, enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy is achieved in a 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice model. Additionally, when combined with a checkpoint blockade therapy (PD‐1 inhibitor), the AuNR@BSA/MnO2 shows distant effects including anti‐distant tumor, anti‐metastasis, and even improved survival. Last, the AuNR@BSA/MnO2 has multi‐imaging functions, such as photoacoustic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. This study provides a new strategy to design multifunctional nanomedicines for improving anti‐tumor immunotherapy and imaging guided therapy.
Ultrasensitive, Specific, and Rapid Fluorescence Turn‐On Nitrite Sensor Enabled by Precisely Modulated Fluorophore Binding
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Li Jiguang , Hu Xiaoyun , Cai Zhenzhen , Dou Xincun
Published: November 2020

The precise regulation of fluorophore binding sites in an organic probe is of great significance toward the design of fluorescent sensing materials with specific functions. In this study, a probe with specific fluorescence properties and nitrite detection ability is designed by precisely modulating benzothiazole binding sites. Only the fluorophore bond at the ortho‐position of the aniline moiety can specifically recognize nitrite, which ensures that the reaction products displays a robust green emission. The unique 2‐(2‐amino‐4‐carboxyphenyl) benzothiazole (ortho‐BT) shows superior nitrite detection performance, including a low detection limit (2.2 fg), rapid detection time (<5 s), and excellent specificity even in the presence of >40 types of strong redox active, colored substances, nitro compounds, and metal ions. Moreover, the probe is highly applicable for the rapid on‐site and semiquantitative measurement of nitrite. The proposed probe design strategy is expected to start a new frontier for the exploration of probe design methodology.
Applications of Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Perovskite Solar Cells Interface Engineering to Address Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Ali Fawad , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Sohail Muhammad , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: November 2020

Due to a certified 25.2% high efficiency, low cost, and easy fabrication; perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the focus of interest among the next‐generation photovoltaic technologies. Long‐term stability is one of the most challenging obstacles to bring technology from the lab to the market. In this review, applications of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs is discussed. In the first part, the introduction of SAMs, and deposition techniques applied to different PSC architectures are described. In the middle section, current efforts to utilize SAMs to fine‐tune the optoelectronic properties to enhance the PCE and stability are detailed. The improvements in surface morphology, energy band alignment, as well as reduced interfacial charge recombination induced by SAMs, and the trap passivation mechanism allowing optimal PCE and stability are described. A general outlook summarizing the importance of SAMs to the improvement of PSCs performance is also given, alongside a discussion of future opportunities and possible research directions.
Holes in the FOAM: An Analysis of Curricular Comprehensiveness in Online Educational Resources
Authors: Grock Andrew , Chan Wendy , Aluisio Adam R. , Alsup Carl , Huang Delphine , Joshi Nikita
Published: November 2020

Objectives

We sought to evaluate Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM), defined as online educational content available free to anyone, anywhere, at any time, by classifying the most impactful FOAM content per the Social Media Index into the topics and subtopics of the American Board of Emergency Medicine’s Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. We then analyzed FOAM’s comprehensiveness by describing over‐ and underrepresentation among these topics and subtopics.

Methods

First, we searched for FOAM resources based on the most recent 12 months of relevant content for each organ system from the top 50 Social Media Index sites. Next, we classified all 898 posts into its related topics or subtopics per the American Board of Emergency Medicine’s Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. Finally, we analyzed how comprehensively FOAM covered each organ system and the frequency of posts that covered each organ system subtopic as well as identified the subtopics with the most frequent coverage.

Results

The search yielded 898 FOAM posts, of which cardiology and neurology were significantly overrepresented and psychobehavioral; obstetrics and gynecology; and head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat were significantly underrepresented. Among subtopics, acute coronary syndrome had the highest subtopic coverage consisting of 55.5% of all cardiology content. Other highly represented subtopics include renal colic; diabetic ketoacidosis; sepsis; and stroke with 39, 40, 40, and 71% of each of their topic’s content, respectively.

Conclusions

Although residents and programs are frequently incorporating FOAM into the educational curriculum, these materials seem to lack comprehensiveness. Educators and learners must be aware of these deficits in creating comprehensive emergency medicine curricula.
Ridge‐furrow rainfall harvesting planting and its effect on soil erosion and soil quality in sloping farmland
Authors: Xin Xiaotong , Sun Zhanxiang , Xiao Jibing , Feng Liangshan , Yang Ning , Liu Yang
Published: November 2020

Ridge‐furrow rainfall harvesting (RFRH) planting can improve crop productivity through enhancing water use efficiency. However, effects of long‐term use of RFRH on soil erosion and soil quality in sloping farmland are not well understood. This experiment was conducted with a two‐factor split plot design, with the main plot having a slope of 5° and 10°. The sub‐plots followed three planting patterns: contour ridge‐furrow planting without mulching (CK), contour ridge film mulching and furrow straw mulching (T1), and contour ridge film mulching and furrow no mulching (T2). The results showed that no significant effect on soil erosion was found under T1 and T2 on 5° slope. The total runoff and total erosion of T1 on 10° slope decreased by 82.8 and 92.0%, and that of T2 on 10° slope decreased by 34.5 and 83.1%, respectively, compared with CK. Soil water content in T1 and T2 significantly increased by 11.0 and 10.6%, respectively, compared with CK (p < .05). Soil quality index in T1 was the highest, followed by T2 under the same slope. Yield was increased in T1 and T2 significantly by 30.7 and 20.2%, respectively, compared with CK (p < .05). Our results show that contour ridge film mulching and furrow straw mulching can alleviate drought, water shortages, and soil erosion.
3D Microprinting of Iron Platinum Nanoparticle‐Based Magnetic Mobile Microrobots
Authors: Giltinan Joshua , Sridhar Varun , Bozuyuk Ugur , Sheehan Devin , Sitti Metin
Published: November 2020

Wireless magnetic microrobots are envisioned to revolutionize minimally invasive medicine. While many promising medical magnetic microrobots are proposed, the ones using hard magnetic materials are not mostly biocompatible, and the ones using biocompatible soft magnetic nanoparticles are magnetically very weak and, therefore, difficult to actuate. Thus, biocompatible hard magnetic micro/nanomaterials are essential toward easy‐to‐actuate and clinically viable 3D medical microrobots. To fill such crucial gap, this study proposes ferromagnetic and biocompatible iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticle‐based 3D microprinting of microrobots using the two‐photon polymerization technique. A modified one‐pot synthesis method is presented for producing FePt nanoparticles in large volumes and 3D printing of helical microswimmers made from biocompatible trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (PETA) polymer with embedded FePt nanoparticles. The 30 μm long helical magnetic microswimmers are able to swim at speeds of over five body lengths per second at 200 Hz, making them the fastest helical swimmer in the tens of micrometer length scale at the corresponding low‐magnitude actuation fields of 5–10 mT. It is also experimentally in vitro verified that the synthesized FePt nanoparticles are biocompatible. Thus, such 3D‐printed microrobots are biocompatible and easy to actuate toward creating clinically viable future medical microrobots.
The importance of genetic counseling and screening for people with pathogenic SMARCE1 variants: A family study
Authors: Shoakazemi Alireza , Hewitt Alan , Smith Miriam J. , du Plessis Daniel , Thomas Owen , Stivaros Stavros M. , Deniz Kenan , Hammerbeck‐ward Charlotte , Rutherford Scott A. , King Andrew Thomas , Evans D. Gareth
Published: November 2020

Clear cell meningioma (CCM) is a rare variant of meningioma. In recent years, an association between cranial and spinal CCMs and germline loss of function mutations in the SMARCE1 gene (SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunit gene) has been discovered. We report a family with an incidental large spinal clear cell meningioma in a young adult following reflex screening for a germline loss of function pathogenic variant (PV) in the SMARCE1 gene. The index patient's mother and maternal grandfather were both also tested positive presymptomatically for SMARCE1. His mother developed intracranial and spinal meningiomas and his maternal grandfather developed a spinal CCM 4 years following a clear spinal MRI scan which required surgical excision. In this report we particularly emphasize the importance of genetic counseling and screening in siblings, parents and offspring of patients who are diagnosed with intracranial or spinal CCM in the context of SMARCE1 PVs. We recommend brain and spine Imaging screening of asymptomatic SMARCE1 PV carriers at least every 3 years, even if the baseline scan did not show any tumors.
Single‐Cell Nanoencapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Cytocompatible Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Eggshell Membrane Hydrolysate and Tannic Acid
Authors: Han Sang Yeong , Lee Hojae , Nguyen Duc Tai , Yun Gyeongwon , Kim Seulbi , Park Ji Hun , Choi Insung S.
Published: November 2020

Single‐cell nanoencapsulation (SCNE) demands cytocompatible materials and processes to ensure the maintenance of cell viability and prefers the degradation‐on‐demand and postfunctionalization of the cytoprotective shells. Although the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method has intensively been used for SCNE, there have been few reports on the cytocompatible LbL shells that are postfunctionalizable under mild conditions. Herein, the use of nature‐derived eggshell membrane hydrolysate (ESMH) as a counter component to tannic acid (TA) for hydrogen bonding‐based LbL shell formation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae is proposed. In addition to the great cytocompatibility of the LbL process and protective capability of the ESMH/TA shell (e.g., 18‐fold increase in survival against Cu2+), the shell is postfunctionalizable, benefitting from the presence of various functional groups in the ESMH, as demonstrated by reactions with N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐ or maleimide‐conjugated fluorescent probes and bioinspired silicification. This work suggests that ESMH would be an advanced biomaterial for chemically interfacing with living cells in a controlled fashion.
A Novel Class of 1H‐MRI Contrast Agents Based on the Relaxation Enhancement Induced on Water Protons by 14N‐Containing Imidazole Moieties
Authors: Baroni Simona , Stefania Rachele , Broche Lionel M. , Senn Nicholas , Lurie David J. , Ross P. James , Aime Silvio , Geninatti Crich Simonetta
Published: November 2020

This study reports the development of a completely new class of MRI contrast agents, displaying remarkable relaxation effects in the absence of paramagnetic metal ions. Their detection requires the acquisition of images at variable magnetic field strength as provided by fast field cycling imaging scanners. They contain poly‐histidine chains (poly‐His), whose imidazole groups generate 14N‐quadrupolar‐peaks that cause a relaxation enhancement of water protons at a frequency (1.38±0.3 MHz) that is readily detectable from the frequencies associated with endogenous proteins. The poly‐His quadrupolar peaks are detectable only when the polymer is in a solid‐like form, that is, at pH>6.6. Above this value, their intensity is pH dependent and can be used to report on the occurring pH changes. On this basis, the poly‐His moieties were conjugated to biocompatible polymers, such as polylactic and glycolic acid, in order to form stable nanoparticles able to encapsulate structured water in their core. FFC images were acquired to assess their contrast‐generating ability.
Supramolecular Non‐Helical One‐Dimensional Channels and Microtubes Assembled from Enantiomers of Difluorenol
Authors: Wang Sha‐Sha , Liu Yi‐Ran , Yu Xiang , Zhou Yang , Zhong Tao‐Tao , Li Yue‐Tian , Xie Ling‐Hai , Huang Wei
Published: November 2020

The design and assembly of photoelectro‐active molecular channel structures is of great importance because of their advantages in charge mobility, photo‐induced electron transfer, proton conduction, and exciton transport. Herein, we report the use of racemic 9,9′‐diphenyl‐[2,2′‐bifluorene]‐9,9′‐diol (DPFOH) enantiomers to produce non‐helical 1D channel structures. Although the individual molecule does not present any molecular symmetry, two pairs of racemic DPFOH enantiomers can form a C2‐symmetric closed loop via the stereoscopic herringbone assembly. Thanks to the special symmetry derived from the enantiomer pairs, the multiple supramolecular interactions, and the padding from solvent molecules, this conventionally unstable topological structure is achieved. The etching of solvent in 1D channels leads to the formation of microtubes, which exhibit a significant lithium‐ion conductivity of 1.77×10−4 S cm, indicating the potential research value of this novel 1D channel structure.
Expert Perspective: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Rheumatologic Complications
Authors: Cappelli Laura C. , Bingham Clifton O.
Published: November 2020

Rheumatologists increasingly receive consults for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for cancer. ICIs can cause inflammatory syndromes known as immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs). Several rheumatic IRAEs have been reported, including inflammatory arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and myositis. For patients who present with musculoskeletal symptoms while receiving ICI therapy, it is important to have an algorithm for evaluation. The differential diagnosis includes a range of musculoskeletal syndromes, such as crystalline arthritis, mechanical issues, and osteoarthritis, in addition to IRAEs. After diagnosing a rheumatic IRAE, rheumatologists must work with the patient and the oncologist to form a treatment plan. Treatment of IRAEs is guided by severity. Evidence for management is limited to observational studies. Inflammatory arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica are treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in mild cases, glucocorticoids for moderate‐to‐severe cases, and sometimes require other disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. Myositis due to ICIs can be accompanied by myocarditis or myasthenia gravis. Glucocorticoids and withholding the ICI are usually required to treat myositis; some patients with severe myositis require intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis. Further research is needed to optimize treatment of IRAEs that does not compromise the antitumor effect of ICIs.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Susceptibility to COVID‐19
Authors: Chandan Joht Singh , Zemedikun Dawit Tefra , Thayakaran Rasiah , Byne Nathan , Dhalla Samir , Acosta‐Mena Dionisio , Gokhale Krishna M. , Thomas Tom , Sainsbury Christopher , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Cooper Jennifer , Anand Astha , Okoth Kelvin O. , Wang Jingya , Adderley Nicola J. , Taverner Thomas , Denniston Alastair K. , Lord Janet , Thomas G. Neil , Buckley Christopher D. , Raza Karim , Bhala Neeraj , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Haroon Shamil
Published: November 2020

Objective

To identify whether active use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases susceptibility to developing suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared to the use of other common analgesics.

Methods

We performed a propensity score–matched cohort study with active comparators, using a large UK primary care data set. The cohort consisted of adult patients age ≥18 years with osteoarthritis (OA) who were followed up from January 30 to July 31, 2020. Patients prescribed an NSAID (excluding topical preparations) were compared to those prescribed either co‐codamol (paracetamol and codeine) or co‐dydramol (paracetamol and dihydrocodeine). A total of 13,202 patients prescribed NSAIDs were identified, compared to 12,457 patients prescribed the comparator drugs. The primary outcome measure was the documentation of suspected or confirmed COVID‐19, and the secondary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality.

Results

During follow‐up, the incidence rates of suspected/confirmed COVID‐19 were 15.4 and 19.9 per 1,000 person‐years in the NSAID‐exposed group and comparator group, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 among the unmatched and propensity score–matched OA cohorts, using data from clinical consultations in primary care settings, were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.62–1.10) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.57–1.11), respectively, and adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of all‐cause mortality were 0.97 (95% CI 0.75–1.27) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.61–1.20), respectively. There was no effect modification by age or sex.

Conclusion

No increase in the risk of suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 or mortality was observed among patients with OA in a primary care setting who were prescribed NSAIDs as compared to those who received comparator drugs. These results are reassuring and suggest that in the absence of acute illness, NSAIDs can be safely prescribed during the ongoing pandemic.
System analysis of the bio‐based economy in Colombia: A bottom‐up energy system model and scenario analysis
Authors: Younis Ahmed , Benders René , Delgado Ricardo , Lap Tjerk , Gonzalez‐Salazar Miguel , Cadena Angela , Faaij André
Published: November 2020

The transition to a sustainable bio‐based economy is perceived as a valid path towards low‐carbon development for emerging economies that have rich biomass resources. In the case of Colombia, the role of biomass has been tackled through qualitative roadmaps and regional climate policy assessments. However, neither of these approaches has addressed the complexity of the bio‐based economy systematically in the wider context of emission mitigation and energy and chemicals supply. In response to this limitation, we extended a bottom‐up energy system optimization model by adding a comprehensive database of novel bio‐based value chains. We included advanced road and aviation biofuels, (bio)chemicals, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and integrated biorefinery configurations. A scenario analysis was conducted for the period 2015–2050, which reflected uncertainties in the capacity for technological learning, climate policy ambitions, and land availability for energy crops. Our results indicate that biomass can play an important, even if variable, role in supplying 315–760 PJ/y of modern bio‐based products. In pursuit of a deep decarbonization trajectory, the large‐scale mobilization of biomass resources can reduce the cost of the energy system by up to 11 billion $/year, the marginal abatement cost by 62%, and the potential reliance on imports of oil and chemicals in the future. The mitigation potential of BECCS can reach 24–29% of the cumulative avoided emissions between 2015 and 2050. The proposed system analysis framework can provide detailed quantitative information on the role of biomass in low carbon development of emerging economies. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Monitoring der Gerbergelenke im Erhaltungsprojekt Grenzbrücke Basel
Authors: Schuler Harald , Meier Florian , Trost Burkhart
Published: November 2020

Die Überwachung (Monitoring) von Bauwerken kann einen Betrag dazu leisten, Schäden rechtzeitig zu erkennen und mehr Sicherheit für die Nutzer von Infrastrukturbauwerken zu schaffen [1–3]. Dabei ist es sinnvoll, ausgewählte neuralgische Punkte des Tragwerks zu überwachen, um die Datenmenge nicht zu groß werden zu lassen und die Übersichtlichkeit zu erhalten. Sensoren können zusätzliche Informationen über Zustand, Einwirkungen oder Umwelteinflüsse (z. B. Temperaturverformungen) eines Bauwerks zur Verfügung stellen. Im Rahmen des hier beschriebenen Erhaltungsprojekts, Grenzbrücke Basel, wurden die Gerbergelenke im Bereich der Konsolbänke durch nachträglich eingebrachte und vorgespannte diagonale Zugstangen verstärkt. An diesem neuralgischen Punkt des Tragwerks wurden faseroptische Dehnungs‐ und Temperatursensoren auf den Verstärkungsstäben installiert, um mehr Informationen über die Beanspruchung der Zugstangen zu erhalten. Ein Warnsystem konnte für den Fall einer Überbeanspruchung des Gerbergelenks installiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz stellt das Konzept des Überwachungssystems, die installierte faseroptische Messtechnik und die Kalibrierung durch die Überfahrt von definiert beladen LKW vor.
Do microenvironmental changes disrupt multicellular organisation with ageing, enacting and favouring the cancer cell phenotype?
Authors: Castillo Simon P. , Keymer Juan E. , Marquet Pablo A.
Published: November 2020

Cancer is a singular cellular state, the emergence of which destabilises the homeostasis reached through the evolution to multicellularity. We present the idea that the onset of the cellular disobedience to the metazoan functional and structural architecture, known as the cancer phenotype, is triggered by changes in the cell's external environment that occur with ageing: what ensues is a breach of the social contract of multicellular life characteristic of metazoans. By integrating old ideas with new evidence, we propose that with ageing the environmental information that maintains a multicellular organisation is eroded, rewiring internal processes of the cell, and resulting in an internal shift towards an ancestral condition resulting in the pseudo‐multicellular cancer phenotype. Once that phenotype emerges, a new local social contract is built, different from the homeostatic one, leading to tumour formation and the foundation of a novel local ecosystem.
Corporate environmental reporting: Are French firms compliant with the Task Force on Climate Financial Disclosures' recommendations?
Authors: Demaria Samira , Rigot Sandra
Published: November 2020

This article deals with the practices of French corporate environmental disclosure with a focus on climate‐related risks. In particular, it aims to analyse the compliance of CAC 40 firms with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures (2017), an international initiative made up by Financial Stability Board to enhance financial transparency. On the basis of a content analysis of firms' reference documents spanning 2015–2018, we constructed the Climate Compliance Index (CCI) to evaluate whether firms disclose information on climate risks and opportunities about governance, strategy, risk management and metrics. Our results highlight a gradual increase of the CCI despite disparities across sectors and management areas. The content analysis allows us to develop a set of indicators frequently reported by domain and to identify and define climate risks and opportunities and their financial impacts per sector, which is a first step to improve the disclosure of non‐financial information.
PhyCoVIS: A visual analytic tool of physical coordination for cheer and dance training
Authors: Guo Hong , Zou Shanchen , Lai Chuying , Zhang Hongxin
Published: November 2020

Processing and analyzing dance videos are important in the application of online cheer leading and dance training for physical coordination measurement. However, it is challenging for users to evaluate a massive amount of uploaded video, to precisely quantize and compare dance moves, and to visualize training results. To overcome these challenges, we propose a visualization‐driven approach for analyzing dance videos. We first encode extracted video frames into a set of heat maps via neural network, which calculates a skeleton structure for pose estimation with enhanced post‐processing to help capture dance moves. A subsequent pose similarity method allows users to quantize differences between student training videos and the standard one. Finally, an interactive visualization tool enables users and domain experts to interactively analyze the quality of dance moves along the time line. We demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed tool using case studies involving physical coordination research.
Recent Advancement on Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis
Authors: Mandal Mrinmay
Published: November 2020

Highly conductive anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are one of the few requirements to produce high power during fuel cell operation and for efficient hydrogen production through water electrolysis. The use of chemically stable and cheap AEMs with platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts is suitable for reducing the overall cost of hydrogen production and fuel cell operation. The in situ durability of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) for several hundred hours is necessary for the widespread application of fuel cell and water electrolysis technologies. This Minireview highlights the best results reported recently in alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolysis. The achievable AEMFCs performances are noteworthy using Pt‐free anode and cathode electrocatalysts. Remarkable durability in AEMFCs is witnessed, although the durability is a concern for AEMWEs. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions of AEMFCs and AEMWEs are briefly summarized.
Influence of the Ir content and the support on the thiotolerance of the Ir/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalysts for selective ring opening of decalin
Authors: D'Ippolito Silvana A. , Ballarini Adriana D. , Rosas Santiago M. , Pirault‐Roy Laurence , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Pieck Carlos L.
Published: November 2020

The influence of Ir content on sulphur tolerance for the selective ring opening of decalin was investigated. Ir/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalysts (70 wt% and 80 wt% SiO2) were used. In the absence of sulphur, slight differences were observed on the yields according to the metallic content regardless of the support used. Although the results of cyclopentane hydrogenolysis showed that the metallic function acquires importance as the metal content increases, for these metal percentages the acid function limits the rate of decalin opening reaction. Products distribution are strongly modified using decalin with S content compared to pure decalin. The formation of dehydrogenated products is virtually null due to S adsorbed on the metal sites. The support has low influence on the thiotolerance. The results, related to the amount of S per Ir surface atom, showed that for a moderate S content (S/Irsurf ∼ 0.30), 1.5 Ir/Sy appears to be less poisoned than 1Ir/Sy and 2Ir/Sy.
Higher prevalence of pulmonary macrothrombi in SARS‐CoV‐2 than in influenza A: autopsy results from ‘Spanish flu’ 1918/1919 in Switzerland to Coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Burkhard‐Koren Nina Maria , Haberecker Martina , Maccio Umberto , Ruschitzka Frank , Schuepbach Reto A , Zinkernagel Annelies S , Hardmeier Thomas , Varga Zsuzsanna , Moch Holger
Published: November 2020

Similar to the influenza A pandemic in 1918/1919, the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread globally. The causes of death in COVID‐19 are frequently compared to a seasonal influenza outbreak. Complete COVID‐19 autopsy studies were almost non‐existent in the first months of the outbreak and are still rare with respect to the number of deaths. It has been recently reported that capillary microthrombi are significantly more prevalent in patients with COVID‐19 than in patients with influenza A. To date, the contribution of macrothrombi, i.e. visible thrombi in pulmonary arteries, to the death of patients with influenza A in comparison to COVID‐19 remains unaddressed. Here, we report autopsy findings in 411 patients who died from the ‘Spanish’ influenza A pandemic between May 1918 and April 1919 at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. We compare these results with influenza A autopsies from 2009 to 2020, other influenza A autopsy series and all COVID‐19 autopsies published to date. No descriptions of any macroscopic thromboembolic events were mentioned in influenza A autopsy reports. In 75 published COVID‐19 autopsies, pulmonary artery thrombosis/embolism was reported in 36%. The direct comparison of macroscopic autopsy findings suggests a significantly greater degree of grossly visible pulmonary macrothrombi in patients with COVID‐19 in comparison to influenza A autopsies even though most patients received empiric thromboprophylaxis. This is consistent with the concept of a SARS‐related de novo coagulopathy with generalised in situ clot formation, which could explain the high incidence of pulmonary thrombosis/embolism with or without underlying deep vein thrombosis and in the absence of a history of venous thromboembolic events.