bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Analysis, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae Juss.)
Authors: Guedri Mounira Mkaddem , Krir Nouha , Terol Carolina Clausell , Romdhane Mehrez , Boulila Abdennacer , Guetat Arbi
Published: January 2024

Mediterranean saltbush Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae) from different bioclimatic arid zones (ten wild populations) were studied. Phenols contents, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins and anthocyanins were determined and then tested for their antioxidants, antidiabetic and anti‐acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Levels of total polyphenols including flavonoids and flavonols, tannins and anthocyanins were high and varied significantly among analyzed populations. Nine phenolic acids and four flavonoids were identified for the first time in the methanolic fraction and quantified by liquid high‐performance chromatography system HPLC (DAD). All extracts showed a substantial antioxidant activity, as assessed by DPPH assay (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical) (IC50DPPH=147.3for population of Seliena), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP; IC50FRAP=3.2 for populations of Sousse and Kairouan), and Chelation Fer test (IC50FerCh=1.5 μg/mL for populations of El‐hamma and Mednine). Atriplex halimus possessed a high inhibitory effect against α‐amylase activity (up to 2.6 mg ACE/gE), a moderate activity for α‐glucosidase (up to 91.0 mg ACE/gE) and AChE (up to 147.2 μg/mL) compared to standard. The analyzed populations were isolated and subdivided into three distinct groups, without any bioclimatic structuration. Enzymatic activities seem to be associated with the presence, in plant extracts, of other classes of compounds then phenols such as terpenes, sterols, saponins, coumarins and carotenoids.
The emerging role of USP29 in cancer and other diseases
Authors: Zhang Ru , Cai Zeqiong , Ren Doudou , Kang Ye , Zhang Qi , Lu Xinlan , Tu Rongfu
Published: January 2024

Reversible protein ubiquitination is a key process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Deubiquitinases, which can cleave ubiquitin from substrate proteins, have been reported to be deeply involved in disease progression ranging from oncology to neurological diseases. The human genome encodes approximately 100 deubiquitinases, most of which are poorly characterized. One of the well‐characterized deubiquitases is ubiquitin‐specific protease 29 (USP29), which is often upregulated in pathological tissues and plays important roles in the progression of different diseases. Moreover, several studies have shown that deletion of Usp29 in mice does not cause visible growth and developmental defects, indicating that USP29 may be an ideal therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the important roles and regulatory mechanisms of USP29 in cancer and other diseases, which may help us better understand its biological functions and improve future studies to construct suitable USP29‐targeted therapy systems.
Mapping the Catalytic‐Space for the Reactivity of Metal‐free Boron Nitride with O2 for H2O‐Mediated Conversion of Methane to HCHO and CO
Authors: Rawal Parveen , Gupta Puneet
Published: January 2024

Transition‐metal based catalysts have been widely employed to catalyze partial oxidation of light alkanes. Recently, metal‐free hexagonal‐boron nitride (h‐BN) has emerged as a promising catalyst for the oxidation of CH4 to HCHO and CO; however, the intricate catalytic surface of h‐BN at molecular and electronic levels remains inadequately understood. Key questions include how electron‐deficient boron atoms in h‐BN reduce O2, and whether the partial oxidation of methane over h‐BN exhibits similarities to traditional transition‐metal catalysts. In our study, we computationally‐mapped in‐detail the surface catalytic‐space of h‐BN for methane oxidation. We considered different structures of h‐BN and show that these structures contain numerous sites for O2 binding and therefore various routes for methane oxidation are possible. The activation barriers for methane oxidation via various paths varies from ~83 to ~123 kcal mol−1. To comprehend the differences in activation barriers, we employed geometrical, orbital and distortion/interaction analysis (DIA). Orbital analysis reveals that methane activation over h‐BN in presence of dioxygen follows a standard hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. It is also shown that water plays an intriguing role in reducing the barrier for HCHO and CO formation by acting as a bridge.
Design of 2‐Pyridone Fluorophores for Brighter Emissions at Longer Wavelengths
Authors: Kim Dong Sun , Kim Younghun , Lee Dongwhan , Lee Yan
Published: January 2024

The recent discovery of blue fluorophores with high quantum yields based on pyridone structures inspired the development of new low‐molecular‐weight fluorophores with bright emissions at tunable wavelengths, which are highly attractive for various applications. In this study, we propose a rational design strategy for 2‐pyridone‐based fluorophores with bright emissions at long wavelengths. With a detailed understanding of the positional substitution effects on each carbon atom of the 2‐pyridone core, we developed a bright blue fluorophore (λabs=377 nm; λem=433 nm; ϵ=13,200 M−1 cm−1; ϕF=88 %) through C3‐aryl and C4‐ester substitutions followed by cyclization. Furthermore, by applying the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) principle, we invented a bright green fluorophore through C3‐ and C4‐diester and C6‐aryl substitutions. The ICT fluorophore based on the pyridone structure shows large molar absorptivity (ϵ=20,100 M−1 cm−1), longer emission wavelength (λem=539 nm), high emission quantum yield (ϕF=74 %), and large Stokes shift (Δv=5720 cm−1), which are comparable to those of practical fluorescent probes.
Making and Breaking Helical Open‐Chain Oligopyrroles
Authors: Urban Adrian , De Feyter Steven
Published: January 2024

Closed‐chain oligopyrroles such as porphyrins or corroles have been well‐established in literature and experience a steadily strong interest by several fields of science. However, their open‐chain derivatives are comparatively underrepresented, despite their intriguing properties and promising applications. Here, we aim to review typical synthetic routes, as well as point towards several emergent properties, marking them as interesting candidates for various fields of study. The review focuses on two traditional methods (each starting from highly symmetric metalloporphyrins) and then expands its scope towards more recent variations before moving on to more exotic and recent highlights that have yet to be included into the canon. Key chemical reactivities (ring closure, substitution and fragmentation) are then followed by notable physicochemical properties, placing special emphasis on potential uses in molecular electronics and sensors.
The nexus between non‐governmental organisations involved in conservation and profit‐seeking state‐owned enterprises: A potential alternative credibility enhancing mechanism for biodiversity disclosures?
Authors: Ackers Barry , Adebayo Adeyemi
Published: January 2024

Responding to calls to incorporate biodiversity matters into accounting research, we attempt to provide a balance by moving away from the conventional focus on the reporting of biodiversity impacts and activities by public and private sector organisations, by focusing on how non‐governmental organisations active in the conservation space (CNGOs), interact with the public sector. In particular, we confine our study to explaining how South African state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and CNGOs active in South Africa, report on their collaboration engagements. To explain the engagements between SOEs and CNGOs, we use their publicly available reports (annual/integrated) to explore the extent which these entities interact and collaborate. However, although several CNGOs operate in South Africa, we documented little evidence of formalised engagements between these SOEs and CNGOs, with Eskom being the notable exception. Notwithstanding the observed scant formalised reporting on engagements, we suggest that the reporting of CNGOs engagements could be harnessed to indirectly serve as alternative credibility enhancing mechanisms. In this way, it could contribute by attesting to the veracity of organisational biodiversity disclosures, and may provide a basis to hold these organisations to account for their contribution to environmental conservation, or degradation. In this context, we conclude by calling for a research agenda to investigate the relationship between CNGOs and their funding organisations, irrespective of whether they operate in the public or private sectors, as well as the potential of CNGOs to serve as advocacy and activism agents, thereby improving organisational biodiversity accountability.
Sustainable development goals and corporate strategy: A map of the field
Authors: Domingo‐Posada Elías , González‐Torre Pilar L. , Vidal‐Suárez Marta M.
Published: January 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity, call on companies everywhere to advance sustainable development through the investments they make, the solutions they develop, and the business practices they adopt. This research work carries out a systematic review of the previous literature related to the adoption of SDGs as a corporate strategy in companies, that shows an exponential increase in the papers related to this topic during the first years after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda. Our findings show that the economic dimension of sustainability has lost lightly interest in the academic world since then, with the spheres of governance and society being predominant, without forgetting the field of protecting the planet, especially about the fight against Climate Change (SDG13/ESG). And despite the importance of the 2023 Agenda for the future of the world, even today there are few reference authors in this field of study.
The challenge of remote treatment in neuropsychological intervention for reading and spelling in dyslexia: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Lorusso Maria Luisa , Borasio Francesca , Molteni Massimo
Published: January 2024

Telemedicine approaches have proved to be valuable solutions for the delivery of treatment for many health‐related issues, and crucial during the pandemics. Nonetheless, the efficacy of such Web‐based practices in developmental dyslexia needs to be thoroughly evaluated. To this aim, the effects of a multi‐componential program for neuropsychological intervention in dyslexia delivered as an outpatient program were compared with those obtained with a remotely delivered, Web‐based treatment, based on the same methodological principles and delivered with the same duration and intensity. The treatment‐related changes obtained with a combination of visual hemisphere‐specific stimulation and training of visual–spatial attention through action video games, were compared to those obtained through remote treatment via the Tachidino Web‐based platform. Both treatments had a duration of 4 weeks. The same battery of reading and phonemic awareness tests was delivered in presence, before and after treatment, as well as at 6‐months follow‐up. User satisfaction was assessed through parents and user questionnaires. Both treatments were significantly and similarly effective in improving reading speed, reading accuracy, and writing accuracy. No reduction in the effects was observed after treatment discontinuation. The Web‐based treatment may thus offer a valid alternative to in‐person intervention, optimizing the flexibility, capillary diffusion and cost‐effectiveness of intervention.
Working out measurement overlap in the assessment of maladaptive exercise
Authors: Lampe Elizabeth W. , Schaumberg Katherine , Kolar David , Coniglio Kathryn , Cooper Marita , Chapa Danielle A. N. , Gorrell Sasha
Published: January 2024

Objective

Although exercise is generally considered healthy, many individuals engage in maladaptive exercise (e.g., compulsive in nature). Several definitions of maladaptive exercise exist, leading to multiple, varied assessment tools; assuming homogeneity across these assessments contributes to low consensus in etiological models.

Method

We used a Jaccard Index to quantify content overlap among 15 commonly‐used self‐report instruments measuring maladaptive exercise, with 31 features identified across 224 items.

Results

The most common features were exercise to control weight/shape and to avoid negative affect (both included in 9/15 instruments), or compensate for calories consumed (8/15 instruments). Overlap among instruments was low (.206) and no features were common across all instruments.

Conclusions

Findings generally support theoretical models of exercise in eating pathology. However, instruments most commonly used to assess maladaptive exercise measure heterogenous content. Careful consideration should be taken when comparing findings derived from differing instruments, when synthesizing literature on maladaptive exercise, and when selecting instruments to measure specific maladaptive exercise features.

Public Significance

Many, varied, tools exist for the assessment of maladaptive exercise (e.g., compulsive or compensatory) in the context of eating disorders. Assuming homogeneity across tools contributes to low consensus in the field. We used a Jaccard Index to quantify content overlap among 15 self‐report instruments measuring maladaptive exercise. The most commonly used instruments measure heterogenous content. Careful consideration should be taken when synthesizing literature and selecting instruments to use in research.
Invasions eliminate the legacy effects of substrate history on microbial nitrogen cycling
Authors: Abs Elsa , Albright Michaeline B. N. , Allison Steven D.
Published: January 2024

Changes in substrate quality driven by climate, land use, or other forms of global change may represent a strong selective force on microbial communities. Invasion of new taxa into a community through dispersal, evolution, or recolonization could impact the outcome of this environmental selection. Here, we simulated substrate change with a trait‐based model of microbial litter decomposition (DEMENTpy) to assess the legacy effects of past substrate quality and the impact of selection by a new substrate on community decomposition activity. Simulations were run with different levels of invasion, including invasion from communities long‐adapted to the new substrate. Legacy effects were evident with substrate change for native communities differing in composition. Protein was the only substrate that exerted a strong enough selective force to affect community composition. Legacy effects disappeared when invaders came from substrates similar to the new substrate. Together, our simulations demonstrate that substrate quality changes associated with global change can lead to legacy effects on substrate degradation. In decomposing plant litter, such legacy effects can occur if substrate inputs shift to higher protein content and if invasion is low.
A novel photoelectrochemical sensor developed by PLA/CB biopolymer associated with SiO2/WO3 for the imidacloprid determination
Authors: Oliveira Fernandes Julia , dos Santos Fernandes Juliana , Sabbatini Capella Lopes Claudio , Ferreira Braz Bernardo , Pessôa Oliveira Guilherme , Machado Dornellas Rafael , Silva Semaan Felipe , Soares Archanjo Braulio , Schwingel Ribeiro Emerson , Erthal Santelli Ricardo , Henrique Cincotto Fernando
Published: January 2024

The 3D photoelectrochemical cell was developed with epoxy resin and a working composite electrode produced with a blend of 3D printer commercial conductive filament of polylactic acid biopolymer and carbon black (PLA/CB) mixed with silica/tungsten (VI) oxide (SiO2/WO3) synthesized was used for the determination of imidacloprid in water samples. Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide considered potentially neurotoxic, and investigating its presence in aquatic environments is of great importance. The PLA/CB/SiO2/WO3 sensor was morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Photoelectrochemical performance of the composite sensor was evaluated by chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of light (on) using differential pulse voltammetry in borate buffer solution (0.1 mol L−1, pH 7.0), the modified sensor exhibited a linear range of 0.15–93.70 μmol L−1 and with a limit of detection of 0.04 μmol L−1 to determine imidacloprid. The modified sensor did not present interferences for K+ and Fe3+ ions, carbendazim, glyphosate and thiamethoxam pesticides. Furthermore, the recovery in spiked samples successfully determined the presence of imidacloprid pesticide in tap water and natural river surface water.
A simple and ultra‐sensitive electrochemical sensing approach for detection of arsenic (v) in drinking water
Authors: Asghar Nazia , Dawood Asadullah , Rashid Khan Humaira , Huma Nasir Mehwish , Asad Khan Muhammad , Ullah Sanna , Malik Abdul , Ali Khan Azmat , Mustafa Ghulam , Zaheer Faiza
Published: January 2024

A very sensitive and ultra‐selective electrochemical sensing device with high conductivity and durability was made using styrene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and functionalised graphene oxide. To construct a mediator‐free, non‐enzymatic sensing probe for the detection of arsenic (v) ions, a recently synthesized sensor was impregnated onto an interdigital electrode (IDE) surface. The newly developed receptors were characterized using Fourier Transmission Infra‐Red (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Under the optimized experimental conditions, sensor showed the lowest detection limit of 0.11 ppb with highest sensitivity (3460 ppb) and a strong linear relationship in the range of 50 ppm–1 ppb of As (v) concentration. The ion imprinting technique is employed to enhance the selectivity of the fabricated sensor. The arsenic sensor is found to be highly selective in the presence of interfering species like AlCl3, FeCl3, and CoCl3 etc. The electrochemical sensor proved to be reliable and could be reused after proper storage, also exhibit a high repeatability response and maintaining of 99 % of its initial sensor response for detection after repeated use of one month to six months. This effort showed excellent results in an electrochemical sensor with sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reversibility for detecting trace quantities of As (v) in real water samples.
Maternal serum angiopoietins levels in pre‐eclampsia and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Bayor Fidelis , Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Antwi‐Boasiako Charles
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Although the understanding of pre‐eclampsia (PE) has improved, there is still insufficient knowledge on the exact etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms. Dysregulation of angiogenic factors has emerged as a significant contributing factor. Among these factors, angiopoietins (Ang‐1 and Ang‐2) have gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in regulating vascular development and endothelial function. This study explored the maternal serum levels of angiopoietins and perinatal outcomes in PE.

Methods

A case‐control study involving women with PE (cases) and normotensive pregnancies (controls) was conducted at the Maternity unit of the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital. Descriptive analysis was performed and the Mann–Whitney U test (two‐sided) was used to compare maternal serum levels of angiopoietins between the cases and controls.

Results

We included 188 participants comprising 94 cases (women with PE) and 94 controls (normotensive pregnancies) with an average maternal age of 29.76 ± 5.56 and 28.43 ± 5.57 years, respectively. Maternal serum levels of Ang‐2 were significantly lower among the PE cases compared to the normotensive controls (1.25 [0.90, 2.15] vs. 2.14 [1.18, 5.73] ng/mL, p = 0.001) but no significant difference in Ang‐1 levels (92.61 [80.92, 114.92] vs. 99.26 [81.76, 113.12] ng/mL, p = 0.429) was observed between the groups. The Ang‐1/Ang‐2 ratio was significantly elevated among women with PE compared to normotensive controls (74.47 [37.69, 110.59] vs. 45.98 [16.11, 88.22] ng/mL, p = 0.014). Also, women who delivered vaginally had significantly high maternal serum levels of Ang‐1 compared to women who had cesarean section delivery (107.98 ± 27.79 vs. 89.02 ± 32.62 ng/mL).

Conclusion

Maternal serum levels of Ang‐2 but not Ang‐1 were significantly depressed in women with PE compared to the pregnant normotensive controls. No significant associations were observed between Ang‐1, Ang‐2 levels, or the Ang‐1/Ang‐2 ratio and pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, birth weight, and severity of hypertension.
Black rice diet alleviates colorectal cancer development through modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AHR pathway
Authors: Wang Ling , Tu Yi‐Xuan , Chen Lu , Yu Ke‐Chun , Wang Hong‐Kai , Yang Shu‐Qiao , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Shuai‐Jie , Song Shuo , Xu Hong‐Li , Yin Zhu‐Cheng , Feng Ming‐Qian , Yue Jun‐Qiu , Huang Xiang‐Hong , Tang Tang , Wei Shao‐Zhong , Liang Xin‐Jun , Chen Zhen‐Xia
Published: January 2024

Consumption of dietary fiber and anthocyanin has been linked to a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study scrutinizes the potential antitumorigenic attributes of a black rice diet (BRD), abundantly rich in dietary fiber and anthocyanin. Our results demonstrate notable antitumorigenic effects in mice on BRD, indicated by a reduction in both the size and number of intestinal tumors and a consequent extension in life span, compared to control diet‐fed counterparts. Furthermore, fecal transplants from BRD‐fed mice to germ‐free mice led to a decrease in colonic cell proliferation, coupled with maintained integrity of the intestinal barrier. The BRD was associated with significant shifts in gut microbiota composition, specifically an augmentation in probiotic strains Bacteroides uniformis and Lactobacillus. Noteworthy changes in gut metabolites were also documented, including the upregulation of indole‐3‐lactic acid and indole. These metabolites have been identified to stimulate the intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and colorectal tumorigenesis. In summary, these findings propose that a BRD may modulate the progression of intestinal tumors by fostering protective gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. The study accentuates the potential health advantages of whole‐grain foods, emphasizing the potential utility of black rice in promoting health.
Effects of informational nudges on preordered food choices of middle school National School Lunch Program participants
Authors: Kropp Jaclyn D. , Gupta Sonam
Published: January 2024

We examine the effects of own order history, peer order history, and MyPlate nudges received by middle‐school National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participants while preordering on the selection of fruits and vegetables. Students receiving own order history nudges were significantly less likely to select a vegetable during the postintervention phase. Students who received peer order history nudges were significantly less likely to select a vegetable during the nudging and postintervention phases, suggesting that receiving information on peer selection negatively impacted the selection of vegetables. The MyPlate recommendations nudge may mitigate the negative effects of receiving peer selection information.
The rational modulation of autophagy sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5‐fluouracil and oxaliplatin
Authors: Baldasso‐Zanon Andréa , Silva Andrew Oliveira , Franco Nayara , Picon Rafael V. , Lenz Guido , Lopez Patrícia Luciana da Costa , Filippi‐Chiela Eduardo C.
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and deadliest cancer globally. Regimens using 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) and Oxaliplatin (OXA) are the first‐line treatment for CRC, but tumor recurrence is frequent. It is plausible to hypothesize that differential cellular responses are triggered after treatments depending on the genetic background of CRC cells and that the rational modulation of cell tolerance mechanisms like autophagy may reduce the regrowth of CRC cells. This study proposes investigating the cellular mechanisms triggered by CRC cells exposed to 5FU and OXA using a preclinical experimental design mimicking one cycle of the clinical regimen (i.e., 48 h of treatment repeated every 2 weeks). To test this, we treated CRC human cell lines HCT116 and HT29 with the 5FU and OXA, combined or not, for 48 h, followed by analysis for two additional weeks. Compared to single‐drug treatments, the co‐treatment reduced tumor cell regrowth, clonogenicity and stemness, phenotypes associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in clinics. This effect was exerted by the induction of apoptosis and senescence only in the co‐treatment. However, a week after treatment, cells that tolerated the treatment had high levels of autophagy features and restored the proliferative phenotype, resembling tumor recurrence. The pharmacologic suppression of early autophagy during its peak of occurrence, but not concomitant with chemotherapeutics, strongly reduced cell regrowth. Overall, our experimental model provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response and tolerance of CRC cells to 5FU and OXA, suggesting optimized, time‐specific autophagy inhibition as a new avenue for improving the efficacy of current treatments.
Inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand‐mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by Gryllus bimaculatus extract: An in vitro study
Authors: Eun So Young , Do Park Gyeong , Cheon Yoon‐Hee , Lee Myeung Su , Cho Hae Joong , Kim Ju‐Young
Published: January 2024

Excessive bone‐resorbing osteoclast activity during bone remodeling is a major feature of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the inhibition of osteoclast formation and bone resorption can be an effective therapeutic target for various bone diseases. Gryllus biomaculatus (GB) has recently been approved as an alternative food source because of its high nutritional value and environmental sustainability. Traditionally, GB has been known to have various pharmacological properties, including antipyretic and blood pressure‐lowering activity, and it has recently been reported to have various biological activities, including protective effects against inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and alcohol‐induced liver injury. However, the effect of GB on osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of GB extract (GBE) on the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast formation. To determine the effect of GBE on RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and function, we performed TRAP and F‐actin staining, as well as a bone‐resorbing assay. The intracellular mechanisms of GBE responsible for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis were revealed by Western blot analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. We investigated the relationship between GBE and expression of osteoclast‐specific molecules to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It was found that GBE significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt, p38, JNK, and ERK, as well as Btk‐PLCγ2 signaling, in pathways involved in early osteoclastogenesis as well as through the subsequent suppression of c‐Fos, NFATc1, and osteoclastogenesis‐specific marker genes. Additionally, GBE inhibited the formation of F‐actin ring‐positive osteoclasts and bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Our findings suggest that GBE is a potential functional food and therapeutic candidate for bone diseases involving osteoclasts.
5,10‐methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase deficiency: An extreme rare defect of folate metabolism in two Dutch siblings
Authors: Liepina Lelde , Smith Desiree E. C. , Huidekoper Hidde , Zeidler Shimriet , Wamelink Mirjam , de Wit Marie‐Claire , Wilke Martina , Ruijter George , Bierau Jörgen , Blom Henk J.
Published: January 2024

Two siblings, presenting with a neurometabolic phenotype, were identified with 5, 10‐methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS) deficiency. Whole genome sequencing in both patients demonstrated an homozygous MTHFS variant NM_006441.3(MTHFS):c.434G > A, p.Arg145Gin, which has been described before. At baseline, both patients showed moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, decreased 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF), and increased 5‐formyltetrahydrofolate (5‐FTHF) in whole blood. In CSF, 5MTHF levels were in the low‐normal range and 5‐FTHF was strongly increased. In our novel enzyme assay, MTHFS activity was deficient in cultured fibroblasts in both sisters. Oral treatment was initiated with escalating dose of 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) up to 12 mg and hydroxycobalamin 5 mg daily. Plasma homocysteine normalized and 5MTHF became elevated in the blood of both patients. The elevated 5FTHF levels increased further on treatment in blood and CSF. This regimen resulted in some clinical improvement of patient 1. In patient 2, the clinical benefits of 5MTHF supplementation were less obvious. It seems plausible that the alleviation of the deficient 5MTHF levels and normalization of homocysteine in blood are of some clinical benefit. On the other hand, the very high levels of 5FTHF may well be detrimental and may prompt us to decrease the dose of 5MTHF. In addition, we hypothesize that the crippled MTHFS enzyme may destabilize the purinosome, which is presumably not ameliorated by 5MTHF.
Raman spectroscopy of Wadsley phases of vanadium oxide
Authors: Shvets Petr , Krylov Alexander , Maksimova Ksenia , Goikhman
Published: January 2024

We summarize the current knowledge on crystal structures, synthesis, applications, and Raman spectroscopy of Wadsley phases of vanadium oxide, including VO2 (B), V6O13, V4O9, V3O7, and V2O5. While these oxides have garnered significant attention for potential energy storage applications and have been studied for decades, there remains inconsistency in data regarding their characteristic Raman spectra. To address this, we synthesized a series of Wadsley phases by physical vapor deposition of amorphous vanadium oxide films and subsequent annealing in a controlled environment. X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of VO2 (B), V6O13, V4O9, and V3O7. We meticulously measured the room‐temperature Raman spectra of these phases, offering robust reference data for the easy identification of vanadium oxides in unknown samples. Finally, we studied low‐temperature phase transitions in VO2 (B) and V6O13.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography as an adjunctive method to ICG lymphography for functional lymphaticovenous anastomosis
Authors: Mo Young Woong , Lee Seung Jun , Lee Dong Won , Lee Won Jai , Im Sang Hee , Suh Young Chul
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography is the reference standard for evaluating lymphedema stage and identifying lymphatic vessels. However, the penetration depth was limited to 1–2 cm from the skin surface. This prospective study compares clinical outcomes following lymphaticovenous anastomoses (LVA) in patients with upper and lower limb lymphedema using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with ICG as a preoperative imaging modality.

Methods

Under general anesthesia, Sonazoid® was injected subcutaneously to visualize functional lymphatic channels via CEUS. We analyzed the changes in limb circumference and inter‐limb ratio (ILR) using bioimpedance to measure electrical resistance between the CEUS plus ICG group and the ICG‐only group to see the effect of CEUS‐assisted LVA.

Results

No significant demographic differences existed between the two groups (CEUS plus ICG group vs. ICG‐only group). The ILR decrease of the Z1 value measured using bioimpedance was statistically significant (p = 0.042 for the upper limb, p = 0.002 for the lower limb)‐

Conclusions

CEUS allowed us to identify deep‐lying, functional, and large lymphatic channels. In conclusion, the combination of CEUS and ICG for identifying lymphatic channels has the potential to lead to a more functional lymphovenous anastomosis
A precise approach to robotic intracorporeal rectal transection and hand‐sewn purse‐string anastomosis for low anterior resection
Authors: Stevanato Filho Paulo. R. , Bezerra Tiago S. , Marques Tomas M. D. M. , Nahime Rebeca H. , Takahashi Renata M. , Nakagawa Wilson T. , Lopes Ademar , Aguiar Samuel
Published: January 2024

This study presents a new technique for robotic‐assisted intracorporeal rectal transection and hand‐sewn anastomosis for low anterior resection that overcomes some limitations of conventional techniques. By integrating the advantages of the robotic platform, ensuring standardized exposure during rectal transection, and emphasizing the importance of avoiding complications associated with staple crossings, this innovation has the potential to significantly improve outcomes and reduce costs for patients with lower rectal tumors.
Larger stem to bone diameter ratio predicts lower cemented endoprosthesis failure
Authors: Kadkoy Yazan , Ippolito Joseph A. , Schneider Gregory , Thomson Jennifer , Park Claire , Dias Rosamaria , Beebe Kathleen S. , Patterson Francis R. , Benevenia Joseph
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

With continued advances in treatment options, patients with endoprosthetic reconstruction are living longer and consequently relying upon their devices for a longer duration. Major causes of endoprosthesis failure include aseptic loosening and mechanical failure. In the setting of tumor resection, loss of bone stock and use of radiation therapy increase the risk for these complications. As such, considerations of remaining native bone and stem length and diameter may be increasingly important. We asked the following questions: (1) What was the overall rate of endoprosthesis failure at a minimum of 5‐year follow‐up? (2) Does resection length increase implant failure rates? (3) Does implant size and its ratio to cortical width of bone alter implant failure rates?

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patient outcomes at a single institution between the years of 1999−2022 who underwent cemented endoprosthetic reconstruction at the hip or knee and identified 150 patients. Of these 150, 55 had a follow‐up of greater than 5 years and were used for analysis. Radiographs of these patients at time of surgery were assessed and measured for resection length, bone diameter, stem diameter, and remaining bone length. Resection percentage, and stem to bone diameter ratios were then calculated and their relationship to endoprosthesis failure were analyzed.

Results

Patients in this cohort had a mean age of 55.8, and mean follow‐up of 59.96 months. There were 78 distal femoral replacements (52%), 16 proximal femoral replacements (10.7%), and 56 proximal tibial replacements (37.3%). There were five patients who experienced aseptic loosening and six patients who experienced mechanical failure. Patients with implant failure had a smaller mean stem to bone diameter (36% vs. 44%; p = 0.002). A stem to bone diameter of 40% appeared to be a breaking point between success and failure in this series, with 90% of patients with implant failure having a stem: bone ratio less than 40%. Stem to bone ratio less than 40% increased risk for failure versus stems that were at least 40% the diameter of bone (6/19 [31.6%] vs. 0/36 [0%]; odds ratio 0.68; p < 0.001). Resection length did not appear to have an impact on the rates of aseptic loosening and mechanical failure in this series.

Conclusions

Data from this series suggests a benefit to using stems with a larger diameter when implanting cemented endoprostheses at the hip or knee. Stems which were less than 40% the diameter of bone were substantially more likely to undergo implant failure.
Latest Progress of LIPUS in Fracture Healing
Authors: Guo Xin , Lv Maojiang , Lin Jie , Guo Jiang , Lin Jianjing , Li Shun , Sun Yi , Zhang Xintao
Published: January 2024

The use of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for promoting fracture healing has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved since 1994 due to largely its non‐thermal effects of sound flow sound radiation force and so on. Numerous clinical and animal studies have shown that LIPUS can accelerate the healing of fresh fractures, nonunions, and delayed unions in pulse mode regardless of LIPUS devices or circumstantial factors. Rare clinical studies show limitations of LIPUS for treating fractures with intramedullary nail fixation or low patient compliance. The biological effect is achieved by regulating various cellular behaviors involving mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts and with dose dependency on LIPUS intensity and time. Specifically, LIPUS promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through the ROCK‐Cot/Tpl2‐MEK–ERK signaling. Osteoblasts, in turn, respond to the mechanical signal of LIPUS through integrin, angiotensin type 1 (AT1), and PIEZO1 mechano‐receptors, leading to the production of inflammatory factors such as COX‐2, MCP‐1, and MIP‐1β fracture repair. LIPUS also induces CCN2 expression in chondrocytes thereby coordinating bone regeneration. Finally, LIPUS suppresses osteoclast differentiation and gene expression by interfering with the ERK/c‐Fos/NFATc1 cascade. This mini‐review revisits the known effects and mechanisms of LIPUS on bone fracture healing and strengthens the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.
A nonautonomous model for the effect of rarity value on the dynamics of a predator–prey system with variable harvesting
Authors: Singh Divakar Vikram , Tiwari Pankaj Kumar , Verma Maitri
Published: January 2024

The human inclination to value rarity contributes to the exploitation of many wildlife species by driving up their market value when their numbers are scarce. This research investigates a model to explore how the value attached to rarity impacts the harvesting of predator species and subsequently influences the dynamics of predator–prey interactions in an ecological system. To broaden the model's scope, it's extended to its nonautonomous form by allowing the harvesting rate of predator species and the degree of neutrality in consumers to respond for the rarity of predator species to change over time. Both the autonomous and nonautonomous systems are explored through analytical and numerical investigation. Numerical findings reveal that as the prey population's growth rate gradually increases, the unforced system shifts from stable boundary equilibrium (harvesting absent) to stable interior equilibrium, then to oscillatory interior equilibrium, followed by period doubling oscillations leading to chaotic behavior. The autonomous system exhibits limit cycle oscillations around the boundary equilibrium when predator species are minimally harvested. Moderate harvesting stabilizes the system, while excessive harvesting induces instability. However, the chaotic oscillations can be eliminated through period‐halving route upon decreasing the consumers' response to predator rarity. Furthermore, the seasonally forced model demonstrates periodic solutions, higher order periodic solutions, and chaotic dynamics contingent upon different settings of prey growth rate, the strength of seasonality in predator harvesting, and the consumers' response to predator rarity.
A lighter weight substation infrared defect detection algorithm combining de‐weighted feature fusion and loss function fusion
Authors: Gao Ruxin , Li Xinyu , Wang Tengfei , Ding Hao , Jin Haiquan , Liu Qunpo , Su Bo
Published: January 2024

The traditional infrared inspection of substations is usually done by employees with handheld infrared equipment, but the traditional inspection efficiency is not high, and some of the inspection locations have harsh environments, high voltage levels, and high‐risk factors. Given the above problems, this paper proposes an improved defect detection algorithm for substations based on YOLO v7 to solve the difficult problem of infrared inspection of substations. First, the lighter SE‐GhostNetV2 feature extraction network is designed to reduce the computation volume; second, the de‐weighted BIFPN structure is designed for the substation infrared image features to improve the ability of information interaction; finally, the new C‐NWD Loss is proposed to realize the detection of smaller substation equipment and reducing missed detections. The experimental results show that the hybrid accuracy of the algorithm designed in this paper is improved from 92.1% to 96.6%, the model parameters are reduced by 40.1%, the computation amount is reduced by 65%, the detection speed is improved by 87 FPS, and the false detection and missed detections is less, which can achieve real‐time infrared inspection of substations and solve the difficulties existing in traditional substation infrared detection.
Terahertz couplers based on branch lines and waveguide resonators
Authors: Li Ching , Cheng Yu‐Hsiang
Published: January 2024

This paper presents two waveguide quadrature hybrids in the WR‐3 band, which are designed to be fabricated by computer numerical control milling process with relaxed branch width requirements. An E‐plane four‐branch directional coupler gives an amplitude imbalance less than 0.8 dB and a phase difference between 88° and 94° from 240 to 324 GHz. Another design is an H‐plane bandpass coupler composed of cavity resonators, showing a bandwidth of 2% near 300 GHz.
Towards optimal heterogeneous prostate radiotherapy dose prescriptions based on patient‐specific or population‐based biological features
Authors: Zhao Yutong , Haworth Annette , Reynolds Hayley M. , Williams Scott G. , Finnegan Robert , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Ebert Martin A.
Published: January 2024

Background

Escalation of prescribed dose in prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy enables improvement in tumor control at the expense of increased toxicity. Opportunities for reduction of treatment toxicity may emerge if more efficient dose escalation can be achieved by redistributing the prescribed dose distribution according to the known heterogeneous, spatially‐varying characteristics of the disease.

Purpose

To examine the potential benefits, limitations and characteristics of heterogeneous boost dose redistribution in PCa radiotherapy based on patient‐specific and population‐based spatial maps of tumor biological features.

Method

High‐resolution prostate histology images, from a cohort of 63 patients, annotated with tumor location and grade, provided patient‐specific “maps” and a population‐based “atlas” of cell density and tumor probability. Dose prescriptions were derived for each patient based on a heterogeneous redistribution of the boost dose to the intraprostatic lesions, with the prescription maximizing patient tumor control probability (TCP). The impact on TCP was assessed under scenarios where the distribution of population‐based biological data was ignored, partially included, or fully included in prescription generation. Heterogeneous dose prescriptions were generated for three combinations of maps and atlas, and for conventional fractionation (CF), extreme hypo‐fractionation (EH), moderate hypo‐fractionation (MH), and whole Pelvic RT + SBRT Boost (WPRT + SBRT). The predicted efficacy of the heterogeneous prescriptions was compared with equivalent homogeneous dose prescriptions.

Results

TCPs for heterogeneous dose prescriptions were generally higher than those for homogeneous dose prescriptions. TCP escalation by heterogeneous dose prescription was the largest for CF. When only using population‐based atlas data, the generated heterogeneous dose prescriptions of 55 to 58 patients (out of 63) had a higher TCP than for the corresponding homogeneous dose prescriptions. The TCPs of the heterogeneous dose prescriptions generated with the population‐based atlas and tumor probability maps did not differ significantly from those using patient‐specific biological information. The generated heterogeneous dose prescriptions achieved significantly higher TCP than homogeneous dose prescriptions in the posterior section of the prostate.

Conclusion

Heterogeneous dose prescriptions generated via biologically‐optimized dose redistribution can produce higher TCP than the homogeneous dose prescriptions for the majority of the patients in the studied cohort. For scenarios where patient‐specific biological information was unavailable or partially available, the generated heterogeneous dose prescriptions can still achieve TCP improvement relative to homogeneous dose prescriptions.
Women's attitudes towards disclosure of genetic information in pregnancy with varying levels of penetrance
Authors: Libman Vitalia , Macarov Michal , Friedlander Yechiel , Hochner‐Celnikier Drorith , Sompolinsky Yishai , Dior Uri P. , Osovsky Michael , Basel‐Salmon Lina , Wiznitzer Arnon , Neumark Yehuda , Meiner Vardiella , Frumkin Ayala , Hochner Hagit , Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri
Published: January 2024

Background

Chromosomal‐microarray‐analysis (CMA) may reveal susceptibility‐loci (SL) of varied penetrance for autism‐spectrum‐disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental conditions. Attitudes of women/parents to disclosure of SL during pregnancy are understudied.

Methods

A multiple‐choice questionnaire was distributed to postpartum women. Data were collected on women's interest to receive prenatal genetic information with various levels of penetrance.

Results

Women's (n = 941) disclosure choices were dependent on the magnitude of risk: approximately 70% supported disclosure of either full or 40% penetrance, 53% supported disclosure at a 20% risk threshold, and 40% supported disclosure at 10% or less. Although most women supported, rejected or were indecisive about disclosure consistently across all risk levels, nearly one‐quarter (24%) varied their responses based on penetrance, and this was associated with religiosity, education, parity and concern about fetal health (p‐values <0.04). Among those who varied their choices, the risk threshold was lower among secular women (20%) than among ultraorthodox women (40%). In a multivariable analysis, ultraorthodox women were much less likely to vary their choices on ASD disclosure compared with secular women (aOR = 0.37, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Women's attitudes toward disclosure are influenced by the level of risk and their individual characteristics. We therefore encourage engaging women/couples in disclosure decisions regarding uncertain and probabilistic results from prenatal genomic tests.
A Possible Origin of Glasslike Thermal Conductivity in Phase‐Change Memory Crystals
Authors: Kolobov Alexander V.
Published: January 2024

Thermal processes play a crucial role in a variety of applications ranging from thermoelectrics, to thermal barrier coatings for turbines to memory devices, where materials with low thermal conductivity κ are essential for energy savings. By comparing two phase‐change materials, and , that have very similar thermal conductivities despite very different structures and bond strengths, it is argued that their phonon‐glass electron‐crystal properties stem from randomly oriented nonbonding lone–pair orbitals subtended at chalcogen atoms surrounding intrinsic vacancies.