bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Clay/Organic Clay to Environmental Pollutants: Green Way—An Overview
Authors: Qi Jingfan , Yu Jiacheng , Shah Kinjal J. , Shah Dhirpal D. , You Zhaoyang
Published: August 2023

Natural clay mineral and its modifier called modified clay have been used in many environmental applications for a number of years. However, they are not capable enough to achieve a higher conversion rate and so-called ecological sustainability. This can be due to a lack of understanding of the selectivity of the clay and its modifier or a lack of compatibility between clay and pollutants. Recently, the development and implementation of green principles into practice have become an emerging field that brings together green chemistry and engineering practices to achieve a pollutant-free environment (air, water, and soil). This review summarizes the role of clay/modified clay in pollution control and discusses the role of green chemistry in creating global sustainability. In this context, this review sheds light on the complete classification of the clay family to identify its properties and to critically examine the applicability of clay and modified clay for air, water, and soil pollution control over the past decade. This is the unique point of this review, showing how the properties of clay/modified clay can be useful for removing any type of pollutant without focusing on a single type of pollutant or clay. Furthermore, the importance of green materials in clay research, as well as the future area of application, was discussed. Overall, this review places value on multidisciplinary researchers to determine the role of the green pathway in the application of clay and modified clay in achieving environmental sustainability.
Short-Term Rainfall Forecasting by Combining BP-NN Algorithm and GNSS Technique for Landslide-Prone Areas
Authors: Li Zufeng , Ma Yongjie , Liu Jing , Liu Yang , Ren Wei , Zhao Qingzhi
Published: August 2023

Extreme rainfall is the main contributing factor to landslides. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor and forecast short-term rainfall in landslide-prone areas. However, the spatial scale of landslide-prone areas is small, and traditional numerical forecast models have difficulty in accurately forecasting rainfall on this scale. To solve the above problem, this study proposes a short-term rainfall forecasting method for landslide-prone areas by combining the back-propagation neural network (BP-NN) algorithm and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations to achieve accurate short-term rainfall forecasting in landslide-prone areas. Firstly, a high-precision atmospheric weighted-average temperature (Tm) model is established using radiosonde data to obtain high-precision precipitable water vapor (PWV) estimates. Secondly, the BP-NN algorithm is introduced, and the GNSS-derived PWV, temperature and pressure from a meteorological station, and rainfall for the previous and next hour are used as input parameters to establish a BP-NN-based rainfall forecast model. As an illustrative case, experiments are conducted in a landslide-prone area in Yunnan Province using data from 15 GNSS stations and the corresponding meteorological station. Statistical results show that the established regional Tm model has high accuracy, with an average root mean square (RMS) and bias of 3 K and 0.15 K, respectively. In addition, the short-term rainfall forecast model based on the BP algorithm achieves a true detection rate of up to 93.70% and a false forecast rate of as low as 38.30%, which is significant for short-term rainfall forecasting in landslide-prone areas.
Optimal Dosing and Patient Selection for Electrochemotherapy in Solid Abdominal Organ and Bone Tumors
Authors: Martin Cora H. , Martin Robert C. G.
Published: August 2023

The primary aim of this study was to analyze studies that use electrochemotherapy (ECT) in “deep-seated” tumors in solid organs (liver, kidney, bone metastasis, pancreas, and abdomen) and understand the similarities between patient selection, oncologic selection, and use of new procedures and technology across the organ systems to assess response rates. A literature search was conducted using the term “Electrochemotherapy” in the title field using publications from 2017 to 2023. After factoring in inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 studies were analyzed and graded based on quality in full. The authors determined key patient and oncologic selection characteristics and ECT technology employed across organ systems that yielded overall responses, complete responses, and partial responses of the treated tumor. It was determined that key selection factors included: the ability to be administered bleomycin, life expectancy greater than three months, unrespectability of the lesion being treated, and a later stage, more advanced cancer. Regarding oncologic selection, all patient cohorts had received chemotherapy or surgery previously but had disease recurrence, making ECT the only option for further treatment. Lastly, in terms of the use of technology, the authors found that studies with better response rates used the ClinporatorTM and updated procedural guidelines by SOP. Thus, by considering patient, oncologic, and technology selection, ECT can be further improved in treating lesions in solid organs.
Effect of Acute High-Intensity Interval Training on Immune Function and Oxidative Stress in Canoe/Kayak Athletes
Authors: Lee Ting-Ting , Li Tzai-Li , Ko Bo-Jen , Chien Li-Hui
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on immune function and oxidative stress in male canoe/kayak athletes who were well trained. A total of 22 participants were voluntarily recruited with an age range of 15.9 ± 2.3 years, height of 172.2 ± 5.5 cm, body mass of 63.30 ± 6.95 kg, and body fat of 13.77 ± 3.76%. The modified Wingate kayaking test on a kayak ergometer was performed by all participants. Blood samples were collected at three different time points: before the test (Pre-T), immediately after (Post-T), and 3 h post-test (Post-3 h). Saliva samples were collected at two different time points: before the test (Pre-T) and 3 h after the test (Post-3 h). Results indicated that acute canoe/kayak ergometry HIIT had significant effects on the percentages and counts of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and lymphocyte subsets. Additionally, it resulted in increased total LPS-stimulated neutrophil elastase release and alterations in plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and TBARS. These findings suggest that conventional kayak HIIT regimens can have short-term effects on immune function and induce oxidative stress in athletes.
Transcriptomics Reveals Molecular Features of the Bilateral Pelvic Nerve Injury Rat Model of Detrusor Underactivity
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Ren Lida , Liu Xinqi , Xu Wenchao , Liu Man , Hu Peng , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong , Ling Qing
Published: August 2023

The pathogenesis of detrusor underactivity (DU) is unclear, and the available therapeutic effects are unsatisfactory. We propose to find key molecules and pathways related to DU based on transcriptome sequencing. A rat model of bilateral pelvic nerve injury (BPNI) was established. Bladder tissues from the sham-operated group, 3 and 28 days after BPNI mapping, were taken for urodynamics, histopathology, and RNA-seq. An enrichment analysis of the screened differential expression genes was performed. Three days after BPNI, the results showed urodynamic features of overflow incontinence, while there was a recovery at 28 days after the operation. Masson staining revealed collagen deposition accompanied by progressive thickening of the smooth muscle layer as DU progressed. RNA-seq results suggested that a total of 1808 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) differed among the groups. RNA-seq and subsequent analysis confirmed that the cell cycle and immune response were significantly activated 3 days after BPNI, while extracellular matrix remodeling occurred 28 days after BPNI. Partial DEGs and pathways were verified by qRT-PCR. Validation of key proteins involved in cell cycle, inflammation, and fibrosis was performed by immunohistochemical staining and western blot, respectively. These molecular expression patterns at different time points after BPNI injury provide valuable insights into the search for therapeutic targets for DU.
Current Clinical Trial Status and Future Prospects of PPAR-Targeted Drugs for Treating Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kamata Shotaro , Honda Akihiro , Ishii Isao
Published: August 2023

The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing globally and is raising serious concerns regarding the increasing medical and economic burden incurred for their treatment. The progression of NASH to more severe conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma requires liver transplantation to avoid death. Therefore, therapeutic intervention is required in the NASH stage, although no therapeutic drugs are currently available for this. Several anti-NASH candidate drugs have been developed that enable treatment via the modulation of distinct signaling cascades and include a series of drugs targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes (PPARα/δ/γ) that are considered to be attractive because they can regulate both systemic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Multiple PPAR dual/pan agonists have been developed but only a few of them have been evaluated in clinical trials for NAFLD/NASH. Herein, we review the current clinical trial status and future prospects of PPAR-targeted drugs for treating NAFLD/NASH. In addition, we summarize our recent findings on the binding modes and the potencies/efficacies of several candidate PPAR dual/pan agonists to estimate their therapeutic potentials against NASH. Considering that the development of numerous PPAR dual/pan agonists has been abandoned because of their serious side effects, we also propose a repositioning of the already approved, safety-proven PPAR-targeted drugs against NAFLD/NASH.
Cyclophilin D in Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Neurodegeneration?
Authors: Coluccino Gabriele , Muraca Valentina Pia , Corazza Alessandra , Lippe Giovanna
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in numerous complex diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the “powerhouse of the cell” turns into the “factory of death” is an exciting yet challenging task that can unveil new therapeutic targets. The mitochondrial matrix protein CyPD is a peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase involved in the regulation of the permeability transition pore (mPTP). The mPTP is a multi-conductance channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane whose dysregulated opening can ultimately lead to cell death and whose involvement in pathology has been extensively documented over the past few decades. Moreover, several mPTP-independent CyPD interactions have been identified, indicating that CyPD could be involved in the fine regulation of several biochemical pathways. To further enrich the picture, CyPD undergoes several post-translational modifications that regulate both its activity and interaction with its clients. Here, we will dissect what is currently known about CyPD and critically review the most recent literature about its involvement in neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease, supporting the notion that CyPD could serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of such conditions. Notably, significant efforts have been made to develop CyPD-specific inhibitors, which hold promise for the treatment of such complex disorders.
Iron Chelator Deferoxamine Alleviates Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy by Relieving Inflammation and Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Feng Yunfei , Jia Li , Ma Wan , Tian Chenying , Du Huahua
Published: August 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating diabetic microvascular complications. It has previously been observed that iron metabolism levels are abnormal in diabetic patients. However, the mechanism by which iron metabolism levels affect DN is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the role of iron-chelator deferoxamine (DFO) in the improvement of DN. Here, we established a DN rat model induced by diets high in carbohydrates and fat and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Our data demonstrated that DFO treatment for three weeks greatly attenuated renal dysfunction as evidenced by decreased levels of urinary albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine, which were elevated in DN rats. Histopathological observations showed that DFO treatment improved the renal structures of DN rats and preserved podocyte integrity by preventing the decrease of transcripts of nephrin and podocin. In addition, DFO treatment reduced the overexpression of fibronectin 1, collagen I, IL-1β, NF-κB, and MCP-1 in DN rats, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrates and collagenous fibrosis. Taken together, our findings unveiled that iron chelation via DFO injection had a protective impact on DN by alleviating inflammation and fibrosis, and that it could be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
A Facile Method for the Fabrication of the Microneedle Electrode and Its Application in the Enzymatic Determination of Glutamate
Authors: Amouzadeh Tabrizi Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

Herein, a simple method has been used in the fabrication of a microneedle electrode (MNE). To do this, firstly, a commercial self-dissolving microneedle patch has been used to make a hard-polydimethylsiloxane-based micro-pore mold (MPM). Then, the pores of the MPM were filled with the conductive platinum (Pt) paste and cured in an oven. Afterward, the MNE made of platinum (Pt-MNE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To prove the electrochemical applicability of the Pt-MNE, the glutamate oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the surface of the electrode, to detect glutamate, using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The obtained results demonstrated that the fabricated biosensor could detect a glutamate concentration in the range of 10–150 µM. The limits of detection (LODs) (three standard deviations of the blank/slope) were also calculated to be 0.25 µM and 0.41 µM, using CV and CA, respectively. Furthermore, the Michaelis–Menten constant (KMapp) of the biosensor was calculated to be 296.48 µM using a CA method. The proposed biosensor was finally applied, to detect the glutamate concentration in human serum samples. The presented method for the fabrication of the mold signifies a step further toward the fabrication of a microneedle electrode.
Effective Coping with Academic Stress Is a Matter of Personality Types: Revisiting the Person-Centred Approach
Authors: Varo Cristina , Aires-González María del Mar , García-Jiménez María , Trigo María Eva , Cano-García Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

Recent literature provides alarming data on the increase in university academic stress. The role of personality in understanding and addressing this problem is well established. However, this evidence could be improved by adopting a person-centred approach (e.g., types), as opposed to the usual variable-centred approach (e.g., traits), and considering the role of gender. Our aim was to explore how personality types and gender relate to coping strategies and perceived coping efficacy for academic stress. A total of 810 university psychology students completed the NEO-FFI Inventory and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Post hoc tests for MANOVA and ANOVA were performed. Types and gender were used as predictors and coping strategies, and perceived coping efficacy as criteria. There was no type-gender interaction. Types combining low neuroticism-high conscientiousness (e.g., entrepreneur) chose the most adaptive coping strategies and showed the highest levels of perceived coping efficacy, while high neuroticism-low conscientiousness types (e.g., insecure) opted for maladaptive coping strategies and presented the lowest perceived coping efficacy. Gender was not associated with perceived coping efficacy but with use (e.g., women prefer emotional expression). The personality typology provided useful information on individual differences in coping with academic stress, which can help guide specific strategies to manage it.
Enhancing Performance of Engineering Structures under Dynamic Disasters with ECC–FRP Composites: A Review at Material and Member Levels
Authors: Zhao Debo , Chen Bin , Sun Jingming
Published: August 2023

Dynamic loadings arising from impact, explosive, and seismic disasters impose high requirements on the performance of engineering structures during service periods. Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) exhibits exceptional toughness and crack resistance, while fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) possesses lightweight and high-strength properties. ECC and FRP composites show promising potential in enhancing the resilience of existing structures under dynamic disaster scenarios. However, most research on ECC and FRP has primarily focused on static properties, while investigations of dynamic properties are limited. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the dynamic properties of ECC and FRP composites followed by a summary of studies conducted on the dynamic behavior of ECC and FRP strengthened members, which provides valuable insights for further research on these materials and their applications in strengthening structures under dynamic disasters.
The Use of 3D Printing Technology in Gynaecological Brachytherapy—A Narrative Review
Authors: Segedin Barbara , Kobav Manja , Zobec Logar Helena Barbara
Published: August 2023

Radiation therapy, including image-guided adaptive brachytherapy based on magnetic resonance imaging, is the standard of care in locally advanced cervical and vaginal cancer and part of the treatment in other primary and recurrent gynaecological tumours. Tumour control probability increases with dose and brachytherapy is the optimal technique to increase the dose to the target volume while maintaining dose constraints to organs at risk. The use of interstitial needles is now one of the quality indicators for cervical cancer brachytherapy and needles should optimally be used in ≥60% of patients. Commercially available applicators sometimes cannot be used because of anatomical barriers or do not allow adequate target volume coverage due to tumour size or topography. Over the last five to ten years, 3D printing has been increasingly used for manufacturing of customised applicators in brachytherapy, with gynaecological tumours being the most common indication. We present the rationale, techniques and current clinical evidence for the use of 3D-printed applicators in gynaecological brachytherapy.
Catalytic Cracking of Fischer-Tropsch Wax on Different Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Yang Chao , Liu Lingtao , Zhu Genquan , Xie Chaogang , Zhang Xiance , Zhang Xiaoqiao
Published: August 2023

Fisher-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a promising method to make alternative hydrocarbons from biomass or other resources. Upgrading the primary FTS products is of considerable interest. Cracking FT wax is economically attractive to produce light olefins. Herein, the effects of the zeolite type, Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5, and reaction condition on the catalytic cracking of FT wax were investigated. It was found that the pore structure and acid properties of zeolites had a significant impact on the product selectivity. USY was beneficial for the production of gasoline and diesel, while β was suitable for the production of propylene and butenes, and ZSM-5 was conductive to producing ethylene and propylene. Increasing the Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 can suppress the hydrogen transfer reaction and increase the selectivity of light olefins. When the Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 was 140, the mass yields of ethylene, propylene, and butenes were 6.40%, 26.83%, and 20.10%, respectively.
Crosstalk between Bone and Muscles during Physical Activity
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Luca , Minoia Arianna , Zouari Sharazed , Piritore Francesca Cristiana , Vareschi Anna , Romanelli Maria Grazia , Valenti Maria Teresa
Published: August 2023

Bone–muscle crosstalk is enabled thanks to the integration of different molecular signals, and it is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of skeletal and muscle tissue. Both the skeletal system and the muscular system perform endocrine activity by producing osteokines and myokines, respectively. These cytokines play a pivotal role in facilitating bone–muscle crosstalk. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in promoting crosstalk between bone and muscle in physiological or pathological conditions. Therefore, positive stimuli or pathologies that target one of the two systems can affect the other system as well, emphasizing the reciprocal influence of bone and muscle. Lifestyle and in particular physical activity influence both the bone and the muscular apparatus by acting on the single system but also by enhancing its crosstalk. Several studies have in fact demonstrated the modulation of circulating molecular factors during physical activity. These molecules are often produced by bone or muscle and are capable of activating signaling pathways involved in bone–muscle crosstalk but also of modulating the response of other cell types. Therefore, in this review we will discuss the effects of physical activity on bone and muscle cells, with particular reference to the biomolecular mechanisms that regulate their cellular interactions.
TTC6-Mediated Stabilization of the Flagellum Annulus Ensures the Rapid and Directed Motion of Sperm
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Fang Kailun , Wan Yanling , Yin Yingying , Li Mengjing , Xu Ke , Li Tongtong , Cao Yongzhi , Lv Yue , Lu Gang , Liu Hongbin , Huang Tao
Published: August 2023

Sperm motility and structural integrity are essential for successful fertilization in vivo, and any hindrance of the correct assembly of the axoneme and peri-axonemal structures in the sperm flagellum can lead to fertility problems. While there has been considerable advancement in studying diseases related to the flagellum, the underlying mechanisms that control sperm movement are not yet fully understood. In this study, we reveal that the tetratricopeptide repeat protein 6 (Ttc6) gene, expressed mainly in the testes, plays a crucial role in maintaining male fertility in mice. We further demonstrate that the knockout of Ttc6 in mice results in decreased sperm motility and induces an abnormal circular swimming pattern, consequently leading to male subfertility. Morphological analysis showed an atypical hairpin-like appearance of the spermatozoa, and ultrastructural studies showed unsheathed flagella at the juncture between the midpiece and principal piece. Collectively, these findings suggest that TTC6 plays an essential role in maintaining the stability of the annulus region of the sperm flagellum, thus ensuring the swift and directed motion of sperm.
Skin-Grafting and Dendritic Cell “Boosted” Humanized Mouse Models Allow the Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Zeng Bijun , Moi Davide , Tolley Lynn , Molotkov Natalie , Frazer Ian Hector , Perry Christopher , Dolcetti Riccardo , Mazzieri Roberta , Cruz Jazmina L. G.
Published: August 2023

Vaccines have been hailed as one of the most remarkable medical advancements in human history, and their potential for treating cancer by generating or expanding anti-tumor T cells has garnered significant interest in recent years. However, the limited efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines in clinical trials can be partially attributed to the inadequacy of current preclinical mouse models in recapitulating the complexities of the human immune system. In this study, we developed two innovative humanized mouse models to assess the immunogenicity and therapeutic effectiveness of vaccines targeting human papillomavirus (HPV16) antigens and delivering tumor antigens to human CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs). Both models were based on the transference of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunocompromised HLA-A*02-NSG mice (NSG-A2), where the use of fresh PBMCs boosted the engraftment of human cells up to 80%. The dynamics of immune cells in the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 mice demonstrated that T cells constituted the vast majority of engrafted cells, which progressively expanded over time and retained their responsiveness to ex vivo stimulation. Using the PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 system, we generated a hyperplastic skin graft model expressing the HPV16-E7 oncogene. Remarkably, human cells populated the skin grafts, and upon vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding an HPV16-E6/E7 protein, rapid rejection targeted to the E7-expressing skin was detected, underscoring the capacity of the model to mount a vaccine-specific response. To overcome the decline in DC numbers observed over time in PBMC-hu-NSG-A2 animals, we augmented the abundance of CD141+ DCs, the specific targets of our tailored nanoemulsions (TNEs), by transferring additional autologous PBMCs pre-treated in vitro with the growth factor Flt3-L. The Flt3-L treatment bolstered CD141+ DC numbers, leading to potent antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo, which caused the regression of pre-established triple-negative breast cancer and melanoma tumors following CD141+ DC-targeting TNE vaccination. Notably, using HLA-A*02-matching PBMCs for humanizing NSG-A2 mice resulted in a delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease and enhanced the efficacy of the TNE vaccination compared with the parental NSG strain. In conclusion, we successfully established two humanized mouse models that exhibited strong antigen-specific responses and demonstrated tumor regression following vaccination. These models serve as valuable platforms for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting HPV16-dysplastic skin and diverse tumor antigens specifically delivered to CD141+ DCs.
Increased Levels of BAMBI Inhibit Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Chronic Wound Tissues
Authors: Ehnert Sabrina , Rinderknecht Helen , Liu Chao , Voss Melanie , Konrad Franziska M. , Eisler Wiebke , Alexander Dorothea , Ngamsri Kristian-Christos , Histing Tina , Rollmann Mika F. , Nussler Andreas K.
Published: August 2023

Chronic wounds affect more than 2% of the population worldwide, with a significant burden on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. A key regulator of the entire wound healing cascade is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which regulates not only inflammation and extracellular matrix formation but also revascularization. This present work aimed at characterizing wound tissues obtained from acute and chronic wounds regarding angiogenesis, inflammation, as well as ECM formation and degradation, to identify common disturbances in the healing process. Serum and wound tissues from 38 patients (N = 20 acute and N = 18 chronic wounds) were analyzed. The patients’ sera suggested a shift from VEGF/VEGFR to ANGPT/TIE2 signaling in the chronic wounds. However, this shift was not confirmed in the wound tissues. Instead, the chronic wound tissues showed increased levels of MMP9, a known activator of TGF-β. However, regulation of TGF-β target genes, such as CTGF, COL1A1, or IL-6, was absent in the chronic wounds. In wound tissues, all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed with increased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 and a reporter assay confirmed that the expressed TGF-β was activated. However, Western blots and immunostaining showed decreased canonical TGF-β signaling in the respective chronic wound tissues, suggesting the presence of a TGF-β inhibitor. As a potential regulatory mechanism, the TGF-β proteome profiler array suggested elevated levels of the TGF-β pseudo-receptor BAMBI. Also, tissue expression of BAMBI was significantly increased not only in chronic wounds (10.6-fold) but also in acute wounds that had become chronic (9.5-fold). In summary, our data indicate a possible regulatory role of BAMBI in the development of chronic wounds. The available few in vivo studies support our findings by postulating a therapeutic potential of BAMBI for controlling scar formation.
Adolescents and Trust in Online Social Interactions: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Colì Elisa , Paciello Marinella , Lamponi Ernestina , Calella Rubina , Falcone Rino
Published: August 2023

Social media have become increasingly embedded in adolescents’ daily lives. Although these contexts have been widely studied, how trust in online relationships is built among adolescents is still an unexplored issue. By adopting the theoretical socio-cognitive model of trust, this study aims to explore the components of online trust as far as today’s teenagers are concerned. The study involved 10 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (M = 15.5). The data were collected using individual semi-structured, audio-recorded, and faithfully transcribed interviews. A deductive-inductive content analysis carried out with the NVivo10 software was performed on the textual material. Results show that adolescents seem to be aware of online trust value in “selecting” peers to be trusted. To protect themselves from the risks they are exposed to, they choose to interact with peers/friends who are already known in real life or are similar to them in terms of interests, ways of thinking, passions, and age. Additionally, others’ competencies and willingness play an important role in adolescents’ evaluations and decisions to rely on others online. The results of this study could be useful for developing awareness-raising interventions on the risks that adolescents are exposed to in order to promote “safe” relationships of trust and emphasize the possible positive use of technologies (e.g., by building online trust relationships using peer “safe” models).
Hexavalent Chromium Inhibited Zebrafish Embryo Development by Altering Apoptosis- and Antioxidant-Related Genes
Authors: Dang Khoa Dang , Ho Chi Nguyen Quynh , Van Huy Duc , Dinh Son Thanh , Nguyen Quynh Thi Truc , Nguyen Tram Thi Thuy , Kien Xuyen Thi Ngoc , Dao Tuyet Van , Nong Hung Viet , Nguyen Minh Thai , Doan Chung Chinh , Hoang Son Nghia , Nguyen Thao Thi Phuong , Le Long Thanh
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to assess the effects of hexavalent chromium on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development. The zebrafish embryos were treated with solutions containing chromium at different concentrations (0.1, 1, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 µg/mL). The development of zebrafish embryos was estimated by the determination of survival rate, heart rate, and the measurement of larvae body length. Real time RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to assess the expression of apoptosis- and antioxidant-related genes. The results showed that the reduced survival rate of zebrafish embryos and larvae was associated with an increase in chromium concentration. The exposure of higher concentrations resulted in a decrease in body length of zebrafish larvae. In addition, a marked increase in heart rate was observed in the zebrafish larvae under chromium treatment, especially at high concentrations. The real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the transcript expressions for cell-cycle-related genes (cdk4 and cdk6) and antioxidant-related genes (sod1 and sod2) were downregulated in the zebrafish embryos treated with chromium. Western blot analysis revealed the upregulation of Caspase 3 and Bax, while a downregulation was observed in Bcl2. These results indicated that hexavalent chromium induced changes in zebrafish embryo development by altering apoptosis- and antioxidant-related genes.
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks Supported on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Naser Sahar Altegani Ebrahim , Badmus Kassim O. , Khotseng Lindiwe
Published: August 2023

Nanotechnology is one of the most active research fields in materials science. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the benefits of having a sizable specific surface area, extremely high porosity, changeable pore size, post-synthesis modification, and extreme thermal stability. Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted significant research interest due to its similar surface area to MOFs. Furthermore, oxygen-containing groups presented in graphene oxide offer the unique processing and handling advantages of amphiphilicity and dispersion in water. MOF-based GO has recently attracted attention due to its resemblance to metal ions and organic binding linkers. It has sparked great interest in the past few years due to its distinct characteristics and higher performance compared to MOFs or GO alone. This review aims to describe the most current developments in this topic for researchers. An attempt has been made to provide a synopsis review of recent research on MOFs/GO composites’ properties, synthesis techniques, advantages and challenges, and different applications, including supercapacitors, gas separation and storage, water purification, sensing, catalysis, and biomedical.
Highly Efficient Orange-Red Emission in Sm3+-Doped Yttrium Gallium Garnet Single Crystal
Authors: Zhang Huiting , Zhu Zhonghua , Ta Shengdi , Zeng Ninghan , Wu Limin , Wu Wenxia , Zhang Peng , Xu Shoulei , Goodman Bernard Albert , Deng Wen
Published: August 2023

High-quality single crystals with empirical composition Y2.96Sm0.04Ga5O12 (YGG: Sm3+) were successfully prepared by the optical floating zone method for the first time and compared with related single crystals of Y2.96Sm0.04Al5O12 (YAG: Sm3+). With both crystals, XRD showed that Sm3+ entered the cubic-phase structure. Optical absorption spectra produced a series of peaks from Sm3+ in the 250 nm to 550 nm range, and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra detected at 613 nm showed strong excitation peaks at 407 nm and 468 nm. A strong emission peak at 611 nm (orange-red light) was observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra under excitations at both 407 and 468 nm, respectively, but it was much brighter under excitation at 407 nm. Furthermore, with both emission spectra, the peaks from the YGG: Sm3+ crystal were significantly more intense than those from the YAG: Sm3+ crystal, and both experienced a blue shift. In addition, under excitation at 407 nm, the color purity of the emitted orange-red light of YGG: Sm3+ was higher than that of the YAG: Sm3+ crystal, and the fluorescence lifetime for the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition of YGG: Sm3+ was longer than that of the YAG: Sm3+ crystal. The optical properties of the YGG: Sm3+ crystal are better than those of the YAG: Sm3+ crystal.
Batch Production of Wafer-Scale Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Wei Zheng , Sun Xingdong , Cai Yongqing , Liang Yao , Zhang Zhihua
Published: August 2023

Monolayer MoS2 has emerged as a highly promising candidate for next-generation electronics. However, the production of monolayer MoS2 with a high yield and low cost remains a challenge that impedes its practical application. Here, a significant breakthrough in the batch production of wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 via chemical vapor deposition is reported. Notably, a single preparation process enables the growth of multiple wafers simultaneously. The homogeneity and cleanliness of the entire wafer, as well as the consistency of different wafers within a batch, are demonstrated via morphology characterizations and spectroscopic measurements. Field-effect transistors fabricated using the grown MoS2 exhibit excellent electrical performances, confirming the high quality of the films obtained via this novel batch production method. Additionally, we successfully demonstrate the batch production of wafer-scale oxygen-doped MoS2 films via in situ oxygen doping. This work establishes a pathway towards mass preparation of two-dimensional materials and accelerates their development for diverse applications.
The Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of a Cast Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr Alloy
Authors: Ji Zhikang , Qiao Xiaoguang , Guan Shoufu , Hou Junbin , Hu Changyu , Cong Fuguan , Wang Guojun , Zheng Mingyi
Published: August 2023

Low fracture toughness has been a major barrier for the structural applications of cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys. In this work, the tensile properties and fracture toughness of a direct-chill-cast Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr (VW94K) alloy were investigated in different conditions, including its as-cast and as-homogenized states. The results show that the tensile properties of the as-cast VW94K alloy are greatly improved after the homogenization treatment due to the strengthening of the solid solution. The plane strain fracture toughness values KIc of the as-cast and as-homogenized VW94K alloys are 10.6 ± 0.5 and 13.8 ± 0.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively, i.e., an improvement of 30.2% in KIc is achieved via the dissolution of the Mg24(Gd, Y)5 eutectic phases. The initiation and propagation of microcracks in an interrupted fracture test are observed via an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fracture surfaces of the failed samples after the fracture toughness tests are examined via an SEM. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique is adopted to determine the failure mechanism. The results show that the microcracks are initiated and propagated across the Mg24(Gd, Y)5 eutectic compounds in the as-cast VW94K alloy. The propagation of the main cracks exhibits an intergranular fracture pattern and the whole crack propagation path displays a zigzag style. The microcracks in the as-homogenized alloy are initiated and propagated along the basal plane of the grains. The main crack in the as-homogenized alloy shows a more tortuous fracture characteristic and a trans-granular crack propagation behavior, leading to the improvement of the fracture toughness.
Sleep Disorders in Neuromuscular Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Boentert Matthias
Published: August 2023

Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) encompass a highly diverse group of conditions that affect the skeletal muscles, peripheral nervous system, or motor endplate. Depending on the underlying disease, common characteristics include progressive muscle weakness and sensory disturbances, both of which can contribute to sleep disruption. Disorders of sleep are extremely frequent in NMDs and substantially co-determine overall morbidity, quality of life, and survival. As many NMDs currently lack a cure, supportive therapy is mandatory and includes appropriate management of sleep-related symptoms. Specific sleep disorders that may arise in NMDs include insomnia due to pain or leg muscle cramps, restless legs syndrome, and sleep-disordered breathing, notably obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation. This review article aims to comprehensively outline the clinical spectrum of sleep disorders and sleep properties associated with NMDs.
Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Regulators in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Osmola Malgorzata , Gierej Beata , Mleczko-Sanecka Katarzyna , Jończy Aneta , Ciepiela Olga , Kraj Leszek , Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska Bogna , Basak Grzegorz Władysław
Published: August 2023

Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are common complications in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but their underlying causes remain unclear. This study investigated the incidence and characteristics of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in PDAC patients before initiating chemotherapy. A total of 103 PDAC patients were included, comprising 67 in the palliative and 36 in the adjuvant groups. The overall incidence of anemia was 42.7% (n = 44), with comparable rates in both groups. Normocytic and normochromic anemia were predominant, with mild and moderate cases observed in 32% and 10.7% of the cohort, respectively. ID was evident in 51.4% of patients, with absolute ID more frequent in the adjuvant than in the palliative group (19.4% vs. 13.4%). Functional ID occurred more often in the palliative than in the adjuvant group (41.8% vs. 25%). Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency occurred in <5% (n = 5) of patients. Furthermore, 8.7% (n = 9) of patients had chronic kidney disease and anemia. To elucidate mechanisms of iron deficiency, the study explored the expression of iron regulators (hepcidin (HEP), ferroportin (FPN), and ZIP14 protein) and mitochondrial mass in PDAC tissue with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Perl’s Prussian blue to detect iron deposits on available tumor samples (n = 56). ZIP14 expression was significantly higher in less advanced tumors (p = 0.01) and correlated with mitochondrial mass (p < 0.001), potentially indicating its role in local iron homeostasis. However, no significant impact of tissue iron regulators on patient survival was observed. Perl’s Prussian blue staining revealed iron deposits within macrophages, but not in pancreatic duct cells. Furthermore, the GEPIA database was used to compare mRNA expression of iron regulators (HEP, FPN, and ZIP14) and other genes encoding iron transport and storage, including Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 (TfR1) and both ferritin chain subunits (FTH and FTL), in PDAC and normal pancreatic samples. FPN, TfR1, FTH, and FTL showed higher expression in tumor tissues, indicating increased iron usage by cancer. ZIP14 expression was higher in the pancreas than in PDAC and was correlated with FPN expression. The study highlights the importance of baseline iron status assessment in managing PDAC patients due to the high incidence of anemia and iron deficiency. Furthermore, ZIP14, in addition to HEP and FPN, may play a crucial role in local iron homeostasis in PDAC patients, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of iron dysregulation.
Species Composition and Population Dynamics of Culicidae during their Peak Abundance Period in Three Peri-Urban Aquatic Ecosystems in Northern Spain
Authors: Ruiz-Arrondo Ignacio , Alarcón-Elbal Pedro María , Blanco-Sierra Laura , Delacour-Estrella Sarah , de Blas Ignacio , Oteo José A.
Published: August 2023

For a better understanding of the transmission cycles of mosquito-borne diseases, it is essential to explore the species composition and population dynamics, mainly during their peak abundance period. These investigations do not normally include peri-urban areas, despite their significant epidemiological interest. To address these gaps, an entomological survey was carried out in 2016 and 2017 in three aquatic ecosystems located on the outskirts of the city of Logroño, in northern Spain: the Iregua River and La Grajera (La Rioja) and Las Cañas Reservoirs (Navarra). Mosquitoes were captured using BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO2 and BG-lure, as well as through the human landing collection method. In total, 6793 mosquito specimens were captured, representing 24 taxa within six genera. A specific PCR based on the ITS2 gene was used to differentiate members of the Anopheles claviger complex, and all individuals were identified as An. claviger sensu stricto. La Grajera had the most diverse culicid fauna, with 19 taxa, followed by Las Cañas (n = 15) and the Iregua River (n = 13). The composition and abundance of Culicidae varied across the aquatic ecosystem. We observed that the different hydrological management practices of each environment could play a key role in determining the abundance of mosquito genera. The overall risk of mosquito bites in the study area is expected to be relatively low and will depend on the freshwater ecosystem and the time of year.
3D-Printed Insoles for People with Type 2 Diabetes: An Italian, Ambulatory Case Report on the Innovative Care Model
Authors: Mancuso Marco , Bulzomì Rocco , Mannisi Marco , Martelli Francesco , Giacomozzi Claudia
Published: August 2023

3D-printed insoles are increasingly used for the management of foot pathologies, and the recent literature reports on various experimental studies dealing with either whole foot orthoses or pads fabricated through 3D-printing processes. In the case of diabetic foot disease, the main aim is to deliver more effective solutions with respect to the consolidated processes to reduce compressive risk forces at specific plantar foot sites. Clinical studies are, however, still limited, at least in peer-review journals. Additionally, in Italy, the manufacturing process of these medical devices has not been formally integrated yet into the list of care processes approved for reimbursement by the public healthcare service. Within the Italian DIAPASON project (DIAbetic PAtients Safe ambulatiON), a feasibility pilot study has been conducted in the territory on 21 patients with diabetic foot complications to assess the pros and cons of an innovative process. The process, which relies on in-shoe pressure measurements and on a patented 3D modeling and printing procedure, includes the prescription, design, manufacturing and testing of 3D-printed personalized insoles. The process has been tested in an ambulatory setting and showed the potential to be also implemented in community settings. In this paper, we report a case study on a single volunteer, and we describe and comment on how the whole process has been proven safe and suitable for the purpose.
Investigation of Cognitive Impairment in the Course of Post-COVID Syndrome
Authors: Dimitrova Milena , Marinova Yoanna , Dilkov Dancho
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: The study presents results from an investigation of cognitive impairment in patients hospitalized in the first psychiatric clinic in Bulgaria to treat patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic period between 2020 and 2022. One hundred and twenty patients who had recovered from acute COVID-19 infection (up to 12 weeks ago) and had no previous history of cognitive impairment participated in the study. In 23 of them (19.17%), disturbance of cognitive functioning was observed. (2) Methods: All 23 patients underwent neuropsychological (Luria’s test, Platonov’s Maze test, MMSE, Boston Naming test) and neuroimaging examinations. Only seven of them had evidence of cortical atrophy on CT/MRI images. The most significantly demonstrative image of one of those patients is presented. (3) Results: The neuropsychological testing results of both groups show a certain decrease in fixation and memory retention as well as in the range, concentration, distribution and switching of attention. Deviations from the norm on the MMSE, as well as on the Boston Naming Test, were found in the group of patients with cortical atrophy (mild to moderate aphasia). Neuroprotective agents such as Citicoline, Piracetam and Memantine were prescribed to the patients with evident cortical atrophy. After 3 months, positive results of the neuropsychological examination were reported in both groups. (4) Conclusions: Although there are limited data on the benefit of prescribing pro-cognitive agents in the post-COVID period, our clinical experience suggests that it might be useful in the recovery process from the infection’s consequences on cognition for patients with brain pathology.