bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quasiparticle bound states in three-dimensional crystals
Authors: Ivanov B. A. , Kosevich A. M.
Published: November 2024

The formation of quasiparticle bound states in crystals is considered for the case in which quadratic terms in the momentum components are absent from the expansion of the quasiparticle energy close to the edge of the energy band. This situation is possible if the effective mass of the quasiparticles depends on some external parameter, and becomes infinite for a certain value of this parameter as discussed earlier by Bar’yakhtar. It is shown that in this case, even in three-dimensional space, bound states are formed for arbitrarily small attractive quasiparticle-quasiparticle and quasiparticle-defect potentials. As an example, Heisenberg antiferromagnets in an external field are considered. The binding energy of the bound states is calculated, and the range of magnetic-field values in which these states are formed is determined for a given small value of the attractive potential.
Quantization of self-localized vibrations in a one-dimensional anharmonic chain
Authors: Bogdan M. M. , Kosevich A. M.
Published: November 2024

Quasiclassical quantization of self-localized vibrations of a one-dimensional anharmonic chain is performed. The quasiclassical energy spectrum is compared to the energy of the bound states of a large number of interacting phonons, calculated in a self-consistent field approximation. It is shown that this bound phonon state is a quantum analog of the self-localized vibration of an anharmonic chain. Fluctuations in the total number of quasiparticles in the bound state are discussed.
Measuring low temperatures (a review)
Authors: Astrov D. N. , Belyanskii L. B.
Published: November 2024

Problems associated with thermometry below 90°K are discussed, including temperature measurements in terms of a thermodynamic scale. The state of thermometry in various temperature intervals is examined and the potential application of some promising secondary thermometers is explored.
High-frequency impedance of thin conductors in a weak magnetic field
Authors: Kirichenko O. V. , Lur’e M. A. , Peschanskii V. G.
Published: November 2024

The absorption of the energy of electromagnetic waves of the high frequency ω by thin conductors in a weak magnetic field parallel to the surface of a plate is investigated theoretically (the conductor thickness d is much smaller than the mean free path l and the radius of curvature of the electron trajectory r, but considerably greater than the depth of the skin layer δ). The shape of the cyclotron resonance curve due to almost specular electron reflection by the conductor surface is investigated. It is shown that in the case d ⪡ r ⪡ l2/d the resonance has maximum intensity for a given thickness d, when the effective electron mean free path time τ* is commensurate with the quantity d/ωδ. A further improvement in the specularity of the surface, i.e., an increase in τ*, results in attenuation of the resonance and in a change in the impedance singularity at ω = nΩλ so that its resonance addition tends to zero τ*→∞ (purely specular reflection, l = ∞). The resonance frequencies are Ωλ determined by the characteristics of electrons which have a turning point in the skin layer and are reflected specularly by the opposite plate surface.
Electromagnetic excitation of sound in a plate of a ferromagnetic metal
Authors: Drobot’ko V. F. , Naberezhnykh V. P.
Published: November 2024

The resonance frequency characteristics of the surface impedance of a uniformly magnetized plate of a ferromagnetic metal have been studied; these are due to the excitation of stationary sound waves by an electromagnetic wave, due to magnetoelastic and induction mechanisms. The case is considered in which the external magnetic field perpendicular to the plate coincides with the axis of easy magnetization. It is shown that in ferromagnetic metals both at low and at high temperatures in magnetic fields H0 > 4πM0 (M0 is the saturation magnetization), the excitation of sound waves is explained by an induction mechanism for the interaction of electrons with the deformation of the lattice.
Theory of dopplerons and dimensional effects in a metal plate
Authors: Zherebchevskii D. É. , Kaner É. A. , Naberezhnykh V. P.
Published: November 2024

The impedance of metal plates in a magnetic field normal to the surface is analyzed theoretically. Compensation of a metal with equal electron and hole concentrations is considered. The analysis covers three typical models of a Fermi electron surface: two joined parabolic cups, a corrugated cylinder, and a sphere. General expressions are derived for the impedance corresponding to any arbitrary mode of electron reflections from the plate surface.
Role of Umklapp processes in electron drag of dislocations
Authors: Natsik V. D.
Published: November 2024

The scattering amplitude of Bloch electrons due to distortion of the lattice potential of a metal resulting from a straight dislocation is calculated and the result is used to determine the electron drag force acting on a dislocation in a normal metal and in a superconductor. It is shown that in a normal metal the coefficient of drag can be represented in the form of a series B(N) = ΣβBβ(N) in reciprocal lattice vectors β. Terms with β≠0 that arise as a consequence of Umklapp processes have an appreciable magnitude for dislocations with narrow cores. In a superconductor, Umklapp processes lead to spreading of the threshold in the velocity dependence of the drag force that is obtained in the free electron approximation. This spreading is insignificant in the case of dislocations with wide cores and is large otherwise.
Stimulation of superconductivity by constant tunnel currents
Authors: Peskovatskii S. A. , Seminozhenko V. P.
Published: November 2024

The effect of a tunnel current on the superconducting state of the films forming a tunnel contact is investigated. It is shown that, for potentials at the tunnel contact eV<Δ1 + Δ2 (Δ1 and Δ2 are the energy gaps of the first and second films, respectively), there may be an increase in the gaps and a rise in the critical temperatures of the films.
Josephson current in nonequilibrium superconductors
Authors: Ablova L. A.
Published: November 2024

An expression is derived for the Josephson current between superconductors when the latter are intensively pumped (μ1,2> Δ1,2), on the assumption of a quasi-Fermi distribution of excitations. It is shown that pumping affects the Josephson current appreciably. At a high junction voltage, for instance, the supercurrent I1 reverses polarity upon pumping or becomes zero at a certain relation between source intensity and applied junction voltage. It is also shown that the cosine component I2 of the Josephson supercurrent remains nonzero even at a lower than threshold voltage and T = 0, while its polarity at low voltages changes as does that of the quasiparticle current I3.
Current states in an ensemble of small superconducting particles
Authors: Morozov Yu. G. , Naumenko I. G. , Petinov V. I.
Published: November 2024

We study the superconducting transitions in granulated samples pressed from small particles of indium, tin, and lead. The effects of particle size, packing density, and dielectric layers are studied. A relationship is established between the conductivity of the samples in the normal state and the parameters associated with the superconducting transition. Possible mechanisms for enhancing the superconductivity of granulated samples are discussed.
Effect of B-subgroup elements on residual electric resistivity of bivalent metals
Authors: Aleksandrov B. N. , Dukin V. V.
Published: November 2024

The effect of 11 impurities (Ge, Tl, Au, Ag, Mg, Hg, Ga, Al, In, Cu, and Cd) on the residual electric resistivity ρ0 of zinc is studied. The alloys were zinc-based, the zinc having a relative bulk resistivity δo = ρ0/ρ293 between 1⋅10−4 and 1⋅8-10−4 in the range of concentrations 1⋅10−4−2 wt.%. The values of Δρ/c (the changes in the residual resistivity of zinc per 1 at.% impurity dissolved) obtained display a quadratic dependence on the difference ΔZ between the valences of the IV-VI period impurities and the host material. Values of Δρ0/c for zinc-based alloys and alloys based on other bivalent metals (Mg, Cd, Hg) calculated by the phase shift method and pseudopotential theory (the Appapilai form factors found from first principles or the Ashcroft model pseudopotential were used) are only in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The effective conduction electron number per atom neff found for all four host metals in the three calculations (other than for a single case) are much less than Zm = 2 (valence of the metal).
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in magnetodielectrics with domain structure in the vicinity of orientation phase transitions
Authors: Mitsek A. I. , Sirota D. I. , Kolmakova N. P.
Published: November 2024

Anomalies in velocity and damping of electromagnetic waves in magnetodielectrics connected with first-order orientational phase transitions are considered. Calculations are performed with a model which relates the anomalies to motion of domain boundaries of the transition domain structure developing in the vicinity of first-order orientational phase transitions. It is shown that a magnetic material with domain structure is a nonlinear medium, as a consequence of which generation of higher electromagnetic harmonics is possible.
Anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility of metals at a 21/2 order electronic transition
Authors: Nedorezov S. S.
Published: November 2024

An analysis is presented for the energy spectrum ϵn for a Bloch electron in a magnetic field in the quasiclassical approximation (n≫1) with an accuracy of up to quantities of order 1/n inclusive. The formulas have been used to calculate the contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of a metal from electrons on special trajectories. Anomalies in the magnetic susceptibility due to a change in the topology of the Fermi surface have been examined; it is shown that they are substantially dependent on the nature of the changes in the Fermi surface topology.
Hospital visiting hours – do they need to be revised?
Authors: Forero Roberto , Mohsin Mohammed , Singh Florence , Hunt Leanne , Frost Steven , McDonnell Scott , Piya Milan , Verick Dev , Kohler Friedbert , Chow Josephine Sau Fan , Widloecher Shane , Hillman Ken
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the number of visitors to an acute hospital, the time of visit, destination, and details of parking over the same period. Methods A prospective observational pilot study in a large metropolitan public hospital in Australia was performed. The research team observed all visitors over a 14-day period between 17 and 30 October 2022 counting the people visiting relatives or friends of admitted hospital patients as well as those visiting outpatient clinics during the observation period. Other outcome measures included time of the visit, destination, and estimated costs of parking. Results During the 14 days of observation there were 18,066 visitors, averaging 1290 per day. The majority were visitors to inpatients (62.2%, 11,232, averaging 802 per day). Those attending outpatients were less (37.8%, 6834, averaging 668 per weekday). The estimated average parking cost was A$18.10 per day normally and A$11.85 for concessions. Conclusions This was the first known study on hospital-wide visiting in Australia or globally. These findings would be important for addressing issues such as hospital planning, and for future research including the impact of visiting on patient outcomes, the patient and community experience, and the expectations and experience of hospital visitors.
IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes augment immune responses to therapeutic cancer vaccines
Authors: Sobral Miguel C. , Cabizzosu Laura , Kang Shawn J. , Ruark Kyle , Najibi Alex J. , Lane Ryan S. , Vitner Einat , Ijaz Hamza , Dellacherie Maxence O. , Dacus Mason T. , Tringides Christina M. , Lázaro Irene de , Pittet Mikaël J. , Müller Sören , Turley Shannon J. , Mooney David J.
Published: November 2024

One driver of the high failure rates of clinical trials for therapeutic cancer vaccines is likely the inability to sufficiently engage conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), the antigen-presenting cell (APC) subset that is specialized in priming antitumor T cells. Here, we demonstrate that, relative to vaccination with an injectable mesoporous silica rod (MPS) vaccine alone (Vax), combining MPS vaccines with CD122-biased IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes (IL-2cx) drives ~3-fold expansion of cDCs at the vaccination sites, vaccine-draining lymph nodes, and spleens of treated mice. Furthermore, relative to Vax alone, Vax+IL-2cx led to a ~3-fold increase in the numbers of CD8
+
T cells and ~15-fold increase in the numbers of NK cells at the vaccination site. Notably, with both the model protein antigen OVA as well as various peptide neoantigens, Vax+IL-2cx induced ~5 to 30-fold greater numbers of circulating antigen-specific CD8
+
T cells relative to Vax alone. We further demonstrate that Vax+IL-2cx leads to significantly improved efficacy in the MC38 colon carcinoma model relative to either monotherapy alone, driving complete regressions in 50% of mice in a cDC-dependent manner. Relative to vaccine alone, Vax+IL-2cx led to comparable numbers of CD8
+
T cells, but markedly greater numbers of NK cells and activated cDCs in the B16F10 melanoma tumor microenvironment post-therapy. Taken together, these findings suggest that the administration of factors that engage both the cDC-CD8
+
T cell and cDC-NK cell axes can boost the potency of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Genes, culture, and scientific racism
Authors: Lala Kevin N. , Feldman Marcus W.
Published: November 2024

Quantitative studies of cultural evolution and gene-culture coevolution (henceforth “CE” and “GCC”) emerged in the 1970s, in the aftermath of the “race and intelligence quotient (IQ)” and “human sociobiology” debates, as a counter to extreme hereditarian positions. These studies incorporated cultural transmission and its interaction with genetics in contributing to patterns of human variation. Neither CE nor GCC results were consistent with racist claims of ubiquitous genetic differences between socially defined races. We summarize how genetic data refute the notion of racial substructure for human populations and address naive interpretations of race across the biological sciences, including those related to ancestry, health, and intelligence, that help to perpetuate racist ideas. A GCC perspective can refute reductionist and determinist claims while providing a more inclusive multidisciplinary framework in which to interpret human variation.
A tale of two cultures: How L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza bridged the gap between science and the humanities
Authors: Stone Linda , Lurquin Paul F.
Published: November 2024

This article retraces the career of geneticist L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, from his days as a student researcher to his tenure as a Stanford University professor, and beyond. We show how Cavalli-Sforza’s untiring curiosity, enthusiasm, and global knowledge led him to make incisive contributions to topics as diverse as bacterial genetics and human evolution, both biological and cultural. In an academic world where hyperspecialization is the norm, Cavalli-Sforza stood out as a scientist unafraid to promulgate and apply multidisciplinary approaches to complex issues of human origins and culture.
HIV-1 budding requires cortical actin disassembly by the oxidoreductase MICAL1
Authors: Serrano Thomas , Casartelli Nicoletta , Ghasemi Foad , Wioland Hugo , Cuvelier Frédérique , Salles Audrey , Moya-Nilges Maryse , Welker Lisa , Bernacchi Serena , Ruff Marc , Jégou Antoine , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume , Schwartz Olivier , Frémont Stéphane , Echard Arnaud
Published: November 2024

Many enveloped viruses bud from the plasma membrane that is tightly associated with a dense and thick actin cortex. This actin network represents a significant challenge for membrane deformation and scission, and how it is remodeled during the late steps of the viral cycle is largely unknown. Using superresolution microscopy, we show that HIV-1 buds in areas of the plasma membrane with low cortical F-actin levels. We find that the cellular oxidoreductase MICAL1 locally depolymerizes actin at budding sites to promote HIV-1 budding and release. Upon MICAL1 depletion, F-actin abnormally remains at viral budding sites, incompletely budded viruses accumulate at the plasma membrane and viral release is impaired. Remarkably, normal viral release can be restored in MICAL1-depleted cells by inhibiting Arp2/3-dependent branched actin networks. Mechanistically, we find that MICAL1 directly disassembles branched-actin networks and controls the timely recruitment of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport scission machinery during viral budding. In addition, the MICAL1 activator Rab35 is recruited at budding sites, functions in the same pathway as MICAL1, and is also required for viral release. This work reveals a role for oxidoreduction in triggering local actin depolymerization to control HIV-1 budding, a mechanism that may be widely used by other viruses. The debranching activity of MICAL1 could be involved beyond viral budding in various other cellular functions requiring local plasma membrane deformation.
Metabolomics reveals soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target for high-sucrose diet-mediated gut barrier dysfunction
Authors: Lin Ai-Zhi , Fu Xian , Jiang Qing , Zhou Xue , Hwang Sung Hee , Yin Hou-Hua , Ni Kai-Di , Pan Qing-Jin , He Xin , Zhang Ling-Tong , Meng Yi-Wen , Liu Ya-Nan , Hammock Bruce D. , Liu Jun-Yan
Published: November 2024

Highsucrose diet (HSD) was reported as a causative factor for multiorgan injuries. The underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies remain largely uncharted. In the present study, by using a metabolomics approach, we identified the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a therapeutic target for HSD-mediated gut barrier dysfunction. Specifically, 16-week feeding on an HSD caused gut barrier dysfunction, such as colon inflammation and tight junction impairment in a murine model. A metabolomics analysis of mouse colon tissue showed a decrease in the 5(6)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid [5(6)-EET] level and an increase in soluble epoxide hydrolase, which is related to HSD-mediated injuries to the gut barrier. The mice treated with a chemical inhibitor of sEH and the mice with genetic intervention by intestinal-specific knockout of the sEH gene significantly attenuated HSD-caused intestinal injuries by reducing HSD-mediated colon inflammation and improving the impaired tight junction caused by an HSD. Further, in vitro studies showed that treatment with 5(6)-EET, but not its hydrolytic product 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-DiHET), significantly ablated high sucrose-caused intestinal epithelial inflammation and impaired tight junction. Additionally, 5(6)-EET is anti-inflammatory and improves gut epithelial tight junction while 5,6-DiHET cannot do so. This study presents an underlying mechanism of and a therapeutic strategy for the gut barrier dysfunction caused by an HSD.
Vietnamese transitive cognate objects revisited
Authors: Phan Thao Trang Thi
Published: November 2024

A cognate object construction (COC) is a construction in which a typically intransitive verb combines with a nominal phrase that has the same meaning or the same morphological stem, e.g., live a happy life. In the literature, the syntactic status of cognate objects (CO) is one of the most debated issues. Pham (1999) observes that in Vietnamese, COs can occur with transitive verbs in both the direct object and indirect object position. She concludes that examples of direct COs provide evidence for the view that COs are arguments, and the existence of indirect COs shows that they can also be indirect objects. First, this paper argues that direct COs cannot be treated as evidence for the argument status of COs since they are not additional arguments. Moreover, they are not nouns but classifiers. Second, indirect COs are not indirect objects but prepositional objects in an adverbial prepositional phrase. These findings reveal that Vietnamese transitive COs are complex and different from the description in Pham’s study. It is important to make a clear distinction between these transitive COs and intransitive COs, especially in cross-linguistic research.
On the orthography of Philippine Creole Spanish in Zamboanga
Authors: De Castro Gefilloyd L.
Published: November 2024

This article aims to demonstrate the critical importance of corpus-driven language standardization and linguistic
expertise in orthography development using Zamboanga Chavacano (henceforth ZC) as a case study. I aim to highlight the
inconsistencies between the official orthography and actual usage and make a case for corpus-driven language planning in the
development of creole orthographies by analyzing the current official orthography of ZC. Specifically, I will present what the
orthographic system of ZC should look like if corpus planning had played a role in the development of the official and standard
orthography of ZC. This note discusses this issue based on an analysis of the Contemporary Written Zamboanga Chabacano Corpus
(CWZCC) compiled by Himoro (2019) and compares the practices that emerge from the
corpus with those used in the officially approved orthography. CWZCC is a comprehensive corpus, consisting of 8,038,200 words from
radio scripts, newspapers, news articles, literary pieces (i.e., songs, poems, short stories), public and government documents,
certificates, educational materials (e.g., Chavacano lessons in the MTB-MLE), public and commercial signs and/or advertisements,
and campaign materials such as posters and tarpaulins, Facebook posts and comments, Twitter posts and comments, blogs, and online
forums. The AntConc version 3.5.9, a freeware corpus analysis toolkit for concordance and text analysis was utilized to establish
the word list from the CWZCC. The spelling variants were manually determined and arranged according to the frequency of
occurrences.
The interaction of syntax, non-manuals, and prosodic cues as potential topic markers in Austrian Sign
Language
Authors: Krebs Julia , Wilbur Ronnie B. , Roehm Dietmar , Malaia Evie A.
Published: November 2024

Topic is often marked only by prosody across languages. In sign languages, prosody is expressed by features
similar to those in speech: i.e., sign duration, velocity and amplitude of movement (cf. slope and range of pitch). Topicalized
signs usually occur sentence-initially, are followed by a pause, and may show longer duration than nontopics. We used pausing and
duration characteristics to resolve a puzzle concerning the status of OSV sentences in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS): are they a
nonmanually unmarked variant of non-manually marked topic sentences (O,SV), or are they a within-clause variant of the basic SOV
order serving an as-yet-unknown discourse function? We investigated the temporal parameters of prosodic cues of 160 sentences
produced by a fluent ÖGS signer: 40 in each of four conditions — SOV, OSV, S,OV, and O,SV. Overt topic marking effects on signing
dynamics consisted of (1) lengthening of the sentence-initial topic phrases, causing a delay of the onset of the argument
following the topic-marked item, and (2) a shortened duration of the noun phrase following the topic-marked item. Critically, the
initial argument of OSV sentences did not show these prosodic cues, indicating that the initial argument O is not treated as being
the same kind of topic as in the non-manually marked O,SV sentences. In accordance with the previous literature on pausing and
lack thereof, we suggest that OSV might be akin to spoken German scrambling (within-clause movement), although the function
performed remains to be investigated. The findings characterize parameters of temporal structure in the physical markers of topic
in ÖGS and point to cross-linguistic variability in prosodic marking for topicalized structures.
Broad photoluminescence and photocatalysis from functional carbonaceous material-metallized porphyrin composites for UV-Vis light harvesting
Authors: Pathak Ambika , Chhoker Sandeep
Published: November 2024

Current vivid study reports synthesis, optical studies of functional carbonaceous material (FCM) as well as broad range photoluminescence including synergistic effect of metallized porphyrin (as visible range light absorbing material) on photocatalysis carried under visible light irradiation. This high-order self-assembly of functional carbonaceous material possess extraordinary photophysical-chemical properties with its surface rich in functional groups (thus making it suitable for π-π
* transitions) and further its composite formation with a high absorption coefficient (more than 20,000 in broad visible range 400–700 nm) and non-radiative fluorescence quenching exhibiting (near IR) metallized porphyrin. The structural, compositional characteristics of FCM and its composite including phase purity, types of functional groups, bonding arrangement is analysed like XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, UV–vis, FL and Raman spectroscopy. The optical as well as structural properties (exhibiting suitable ID/IG ratio ∼ 1.4) of the pure as well as composite of FCM and porphyrin (band gap shifting from UV (4.2 eV) to visible (3.0 eV)) indicated the robust and versatile behaviour to be explored in applications such as photodetection and catalysis. In this article, we report the broad range photoluminescence for pure FCM (300–550 nm) as well as its porphyrin-based composite (400–550 nm) and further the application of composite in the photocatalytic ability for the degradation of standard methylene blue dye for degradation percentage of 62% in 120 min in visible light while 30% in 180 min in dark. Its cost effectiveness, biocompatibility, solution processability, stability and the most crucial, its appreciable results in minute resource utilization indicates its appropriateness as competitive photocatalyst in similar as well as modified schemes.
Net-shaping (Y,NSG)BCO composite superconductor into cylindrical geometry with enhanced flux pinning up to 9 T at 77 K
Authors: Boggala Venkatesulu Reddy , Verma Pawan Kumar , Rose Poly , Vummethala Seshu Bai , Namburi Devendra K , Rajasekharan Thankappan Pillai
Published: November 2024

Fabrication of a (Y,RE)BCO superconducting compact simultaneous with improved properties is demonstrated using gelcasting of slurries into rapid prototyped precision moulds. The infiltration Growth (IG) process with NdBCO film seed was used to obtain a textured 45 mm long hollow superconducting (Y,RE)BCO cylinder, as a prototype. This involves design of a (Y,RE)2BaCuO5 preform referred to as (Y,RE)-211, into which liquid phase is infiltrated; this reacts with the preform and forms (Y,RE)Ba2Cu3O7-x. The end product aimed at is a composite of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) with 20 wt% of mixed rare earth (Nd,Sm,Gd)BCO and 0.5 wt% of WO3 nanoparticles, which are intended to cause notable enhancement in flux pinning and critical current density (J
c). Uniform distribution of micron-sized (Y/RE)-211 and WO3 nanoparticles in the matrix was enabled by sol-casting process. Magnetic shielding is demonstrated at low dc fields (41 gauss). J
c is found to remain nearly constant with field (B) at each temperature (T) up to 50 K, where J
c reaches about 4 kA cm−2 at 8.5 T. At 77 K, J
c of ∼ 4 kA cm−2 at zero field and ∼ 0.4 kA cm−2 at 8.5 T is observed. The flux pinning force density (F
p) increased with the applied field, reaching a maximum at a field (B
p) of 7 T to 8 T for all temperatures from 10 K to 77 K. Temperature-independent B
p confirms that flux pinning is caused by structural defects that induce fluctuations in the Ginzberg-Landau parameter (k). Substitution of RE ions randomly at the Y-site in YBCO unit cells can locally create compositional fluctuations that lead to stress fields and a dense network of stacking faults and assist pinning of flux. Analysis of F
p
(B) by scaling laws does confirm δk pinning to be the dominant mechanism. A second peak observed in F
p(B) curves at low fields, below 3 T, is attributed to additional pinning from WO3 nanoparticles and is field-dependent. Significance of the present process stems from the fact that it enables uniform distribution of second phase additions to be realized in the end product, for improved performance and it allows design and creation of components of composite ceramic superconductor in any complex shape, required for a chosen application.
Magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow with pulsation in a vertical permeable channel with Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and thermal radiation: a Buongiorno model approach
Authors: Rajkumar D , Subramanyam Reddy A , Govindarajalu K , Vajravelu K , Thamizharasan T , Jagadeshkumar K
Published: November 2024

The current paper investigates the magnetohydrodynamic pulsating flow of micropolar nanofluid in a vertical porous channel by using Buongiornos nanofluid approach and utilizing entropy generation. The effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis are considered. This finding holds implications for the fields of biomedical engineering, food processing systems, cancer treatment, pressure spikes, and nano-drug delivery in arteries. In this case, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the perturbation approach and we used Runge-Kutta fourth order method for the numerical approach. Graphical representations illustrate the effects of nanoparticle concentration, velocity, temperature, and micro-rotation across various standard physical parameters. Furthermore, analysis and tabular presentation of the heat and mass transfer rates are provided. The data obtained indicate that while raising the Hartmann number and coupling parameter decreases velocity profiles then increasing the Grashof number enhances velocity. The temperature of a micropolar nanofluid rises with increased Brownian motion and thermophoresis, and falls with increased magnetic field and thermal radiation. The concentration of micropolar nanofluid is reducing by enhancing the thermophoresis and chemical reaction parameter. The rate of heat transfer is increasing as a result of increases in thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion values. The heat transfer rate rises with increase values of the viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, the Brownian motion, and the thermophoresis parameters. This study is useful for various real life applications like biological systems, biotechnology, pharmaceutical medicine, nano-drug development, and engineering industries.
Determine fractional order T Regge problem by Kharrat-Toma transformation method
Authors: Mahmood Rebaz Fadhil , Hilmi Hozan Dlshad M , Hama Siyaman Sidiq , Fatah Shwan Swara
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the solution of fractional orders for

α
∈
(
1,2
]

and

t
∈
(
0
,
a
]

considering boundary value problem with two boundary value conditions known as T Regge problem for fractional order. Additionally, a set of fractional boundary value problem equations is analyzed. The solution was provided. The key results are shown using the Kharrat-Toma transformation and the existence derived from the fractional integral and integral operator approach.
Improving radiation resilience of zener diodes through preemptive and restorative electron wind force annealing
Authors: Rahman Md Hafijur , Warner Luke , Bae Joonyup , Kim Jihyun , Haque Aman , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen , Wolfe Douglas E
Published: November 2024

Semiconductor devices contain defects and localized mechanical stress even in their pristine states, persisting after post-fabrication annealing. We hypothesize that these pre-existing conditions, with their lower threshold energy for defect proliferation and/or ionization, may serve as nuclei for radiation damage. To test this hypothesis, we adopted a two-pronged approach: (a) performing electron wind force (EWF) annealing preemptively on pristine Zener diodes to eliminate pre-existing defects before radiation exposure, and (b) applying EWF annealing restoratively on devices already damaged by radiation. The EWF process is non-thermal and can eliminate defects below 30 °C that persist through conventional thermal annealing. Both pristine and EWF-annealed pristine devices were exposed to 15 MeV protons with a fluence of 1014 cm−2. Radiation damage increased the ideality factor from 1 to 2.33 in the pristine devices, while the preemptively EWF-annealed devices showed remarkable resilience, with an ideality factor of 1.5. Similar performance improvements were observed with restorative EWF annealing on radiation-damaged devices. This resilience and recovery in performance are further supported by Raman spectroscopy indicating enhanced crystallinity compared to the pristine condition. These findings demonstrate the potential of EWF annealing as both a protective and restorative treatment for semiconductor devices in high-radiation environments.
Research on Adjustable Cold View Field Diaphragm in Optical System with Linear Array Detector in AIMS
Authors: Zhao Lianwei , Mou Meng , Wang Zhanhu , Fan Qing , Zhang Chenjun , Hua Jianwen , Ding Lei
Published: November 2024

The infrared Fourier transform spectrometer needs a cold view field diaphragm to reduce stray radiation. For an infrared spectrometer with linear array detectors, the part of the view field diaphragm where the light passes can be regarded as a slit. If the infrared detectors are small in size, the width of the slit is also small, which will cause serious diffraction phenomena. If the widths of the view field diaphragm and the optical system are designed by geometric optics theory, the diffraction light cannot be fully received by the detectors, which will cause energy loss. Expanding the width of the view field diaphragm will introduce stray radiation. Meanwhile, spectrometer follow-up optics should be set in cold environments to reduce the infrared background of the instrument. Optical materials have different thermal characteristics, the optical and mechanical structures will deform at low-temperature, and the cold view field diaphragm is installed at room temperature, so it is impossible to guarantee that the cold view field diaphragm remains in its design position when working at low-temperature. This paper solves the above problems by designing an adjustable cold view field diaphragm installed in its cryogenic vacuum chamber. The width and position of the view field diaphragm can be adjusted when working in cold temperatures, without opening the cryogenic vacuum chamber. Contrasting the interference signal obtained by the detectors in the adjustment process, the system can get the most suitable width and position of the cold view field diaphragm. The above works are based on the spectrometer used in the study named Accurate Infrared Magnetic Field Measurements of the Sun.
Decoding sensorimotor information from somatosensory cortex by flexible epicortical μECoG arrays in unrestrained behaving rats
Authors: Kılınç Bülbül Deniz , Walston Steven T , Duvan Fikret Taygun , Garrido Jose A , Güçlü Burak
Published: November 2024

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are promising for severe neurological conditions and there are ongoing efforts to develop state-of-the-art neural interfaces, hardware, and software tools. We tested the potential of novel reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes implanted epidurally over the hind limb representation of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex of rats, and compared them to commercial platinum–iridium (Pt–Ir) 16-channel electrodes (active site diameter: 25 μm). Approach. Motor and somatosensory information was decoded offline from microelectrocorticography (μECoG) signals recorded while unrestrained rats performed a simple behavioral task: pressing a lever and the subsequent vibrotactile stimulation of the glabrous skin at three displacement amplitude levels and at two sinusoidal frequencies. μECoG data were initially analyzed by standard time–frequency methods. Next, signal powers of oscillatory bands recorded from multiple electrode channels were used as features for sensorimotor classification by a machine learning algorithm. Main results. Both electrode types performed quite well and similar to each other for predicting the motor interval and the presence of the vibrotactile stimulus. Average accuracies were relatively lower for predicting 3-class vibrotactile frequency and 4-class amplitude level by both electrode types. Significance. Given some confounding factors during the free movement of rats, the results show that both sensory and motor information can be recorded reliably from the hind limb area of S1 cortex by using μECoG arrays. The chronic use of novel rGO electrodes was demonstrated successfully. The hind limb area may be convenient for the future evaluation of new tools in neurotechnology, especially those for bidirectional BCIs.
Transcranial focused ultrasound remotely modulates extrastriate visual cortex by stimulating frontal eye field with subregion specificity
Authors: Yu Kai , Schmitt Samantha , Ni Yunruo , Crane Emily C , Smith Matthew A , He Bin
Published: November 2024

Objective. Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) has emerged as a powerful neuromodulation tool characterized by its deep penetration and precise spatial targeting to influence neural activity. Our study directed low-intensity tFUS stimulation onto a region of prefrontal cortex (the frontal eye field, or FEF) of a rhesus macaque to examine its impact on a remote site, the extrastriate visual cortex (area V4) through this top-down modulatory circuit that has been studied extensively with electrical microstimulation. Approach. To measure the impact of tFUS stimulation, we recorded local field potentials and multi-unit spiking activities from a multi-electrode array implanted in the visual cortex. To deliver tFUS stimulation, we leveraged a customized 128-element random array ultrasound transducer with precise spatial targeting. Main results. We observed that tFUS stimulation in FEF produced modulation of V4 neuronal activity, either through enhancement or suppression, dependent on the pulse repetition frequency of the tFUS stimulation. Electronically steering the transcranial ultrasound focus through the targeted FEF cortical region produced changes in the level of modulation, indicating that the tFUS stimulation was spatially targeted within FEF. Modulation of V4 activity was confined to specific frequency bands, and this modulation was dependent on the presence or absence of a visual stimulus during tFUS stimulation. A control study targeting the insula produced no effect, emphasizing the region-specific nature of tFUS neuromodulation. Significance. Our findings shed light on the capacity of tFUS to modulate specific neural pathways and provide a comprehensive understanding of its potential applications for neuromodulation within brain networks.
Probing marginal stability in the spherical p = 2 model
Authors: Niedda Jacopo , Tonolo Tommaso , Gradenigo Giacomo
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the marginally stable nature of the low-temperature trivial spin-glass phase in spherical p = 2 spin glass by perturbing the system with three different kinds of non-linear interactions. In particular, we compare the effect of three additional dense four-body interactions, namely ferromagnetic couplings, purely disordered couplings and couplings with competing disordered and ferromagnetic interactions. Our study, characterized by the effort to present in a clear and pedagogical way the derivation of all the results, shows that the marginal stability property of the spherical spin glass depends in fact on which kind of perturbation is applied to the system. In general, a certain degree of frustration is needed in the additional terms in order to induce a transition from a trivial to a non-trivial spin-glass phase. On the other hand, the addition of generic non-frustrated interactions does not destabilize the trivial spin-glass phase.
Estimation of long-term stability of precision inductance measures using different methods
Authors: Velychko Oleh , Shvedova Viktoriia , Gordiyenko Tetyana
Published: November 2024

Inductance is a physical quantity that characterizes the ability of a conductor to accumulate magnetic field energy when an electric current flows. Considering the small number of standards of a similar level of accuracy in the world, it is interesting to study the behavior of individual characteristics of such standards using known research methods. The long-term stability of measures is an important metrological characteristic that characterizes the change in the nominal value of a standard or measure over time. Regular metrological research of the long-term stability of precision inductance measures with nominal values of 10 mH and 100 mH have been carried out since 2009. Analysis of the long-term behavior of precision inductance measures included checking the primary measurement data for randomness and outliers using Abbe’s and Grubb’s tests. The detection of anomalous results significantly affects the estimation of the random error component and the standard uncertainty of the reproduction of the inductance measure. There is a significant change in the inductance of both measures over the entire observation period, which is confirmed by Abbe’s test. At the same time, this change is most significant in the first years, and then the change in inductance occurs slowly. The analysis of the functional change in inductance using the Grubb’s test showed that, depending on the research object itself, different analytical dependencies can be used for describing the functional trend. The criterion for choosing the best approximation can be both the ‘criterion of the reliability of the approximation’ and the standard deviation of the ‘cleaned’ measured data. The practical value of this work is the possibility of accumulating and integrating the obtained experimental data for standards of a similar accuracy class in different countries, which makes it possible to further improve the methods of their construction, stabilization of reproducible characteristics and operational features.
Vincent of Lérins
Authors: Fairbairn Donald
Published: November 2024

This chapter suggests that Vincent is probably not the author of the Obiectiones, that he is the author/editor of the Excerpta, and that his Commonitorium is not specifically directed against Augustine. Then it considers the Christology of the Commonitorium and the Excerpta, demonstrating the generally Cyrillian and Augustinian character of Vincent’s Christology. Indeed, Vincent’s famous focus on orthodox Christian tradition is largely explained in response to ‘Nestorius’. Based on significant omissions in Vincent’s quotations of Augustine in the Excerpta, the chapter argues that while he agrees with Augustine on Christology, Vincent reasons logically from Christology to grace very differently. Specifically, he seems to reject the idea that the predestination of the humanity of Christ implies the predestination of the Christian in a strictly parallel way. The chapter concludes by noting the substantial consistency of Cassian’s and Vincent’s thought, with Cassian providing most of the depth on grace, and Vincent most of the precision on Christology. Combining their thought provides an understanding of a Gallic approach to Christology and the logic of grace, which is not beholden to Augustine and which does not revolve around degrees of emphasis on grace and human freedom.
Prosper of Aquitaine
Authors: Fairbairn Donald
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes the well-known shift in Prosper’s thought from restricting God’s salvific will to the elect early in his life, to arguing robustly for God’s universal salvific will in De uocatione. The chapter surveys scholarly opinion on the various factors that led to this shift and then argues, on the basis of a close reading of the Epitaphium, that Prosper’s increasing appreciation of the Saviour’s identity as the eternal Son—gained as a result of opposing ‘Nestorianism’—played a role in his development. While we have little data on which to make a judgement, we can be reasonably confident that Prosper’s Christology was broadly Cyrillian, and the universal significance of the Word’s descent to the human sphere was part of what pushed him to affirm God’s universal salvific will, in opposition both to the later Augustine and to his own earlier view. We may recognize that the earlier Prosper reasoned from the Fall to predestination and only then to the Incarnation, whereas the later Prosper reasoned from the Fall to the Incarnation, and thus to an understanding of grace that includes universal aspects. We may also recognize that this is the way Cassian and Vincent have always reasoned from Christology to grace; Prosper’s transition from one sequential logic to a different one throws into relief the differences between the Gallic writers and Augustine.
BFAST: joint dimension reduction and spatial clustering with Bayesian factor analysis for zero-inflated spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Xu Yang , Lv Dian , Zou Xuanxuan , Wu Liang , Xu Xun , Zhao Xin
Published: November 2024

The development of spatially resolved transcriptomics (ST) technologies has made it possible to measure gene expression profiles coupled with cellular spatial context and assist biologists in comprehensively characterizing cellular phenotype heterogeneity and tissue microenvironment. Spatial clustering is vital for biological downstream analysis. However, due to high noise and dropout events, clustering spatial transcriptomics data poses numerous challenges due to the lack of effective algorithms. Here we develop a novel method, jointly performing dimension reduction and spatial clustering with Bayesian Factor Analysis for zero-inflated Spatial Transcriptomics data (BFAST). BFAST has showcased exceptional performance on simulation data and real spatial transcriptomics datasets, as proven by benchmarking against currently available methods. It effectively extracts more biologically informative low-dimensional features compared to traditional dimensionality reduction approaches, thereby enhancing the accuracy and precision of clustering.
Prospective relationship between family screen time rules, obesogenic behaviours, and childhood obesity
Authors: Hashemi Ladan , Ghasemi Maryam , Schlichting Deborah , Pirouzi Maryam , Grant Cameron , Swinburn Boyd
Published: November 2024

Family screen use rules (FSRs) could plausibly protect against the development of childhood obesity, although the mechanisms underlying these protective effects remain largely unexplored. This research aimed to investigate prospectively the associations between exposure to FSRs at age 24 months, obesogenic behaviours (excessive screen time and short sleep duration) at age 45 months, and obesity at age 54 months. Additionally, a model proposing the mediating role of obesogenic behaviours in the association between FSRs and childhood obesity was tested. Data were obtained from 5733 children and their mothers participating in the ‘Growing Up in New Zealand’ study. Logistic regressions examined the association between three FSRs (rules on quality, quantity and timing of screen time, and different numbers of FSRs), obesogenic behaviours, and childhood obesity. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to assess the potential mediating roles of obesogenic behaviours in the association between FSRs and zBMI. Neither exposure to individual nor all three FSRs was significantly associated with lower odds of obesity. However, protective effects of FSRs were observed concerning obesogenic behaviours. Exposure to individual or all three FSRs correlated with reduced odds of not meeting screen time and sleep duration recommendations. SEM analysis indicated no direct association between FSRs and zBMI; nevertheless, a significant indirect association was identified through the mediation of obesogenic behaviours. These findings suggest the potential benefits of promoting the adoption of FSRs as a promising population-based strategy to enhance child health behaviours and mitigate the risk of childhood obesity.