bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nineteen-Year Experience of Paediatric Renal Transplantation in Singapore
Authors: Ng Kar Hui , Shrestha Pramod , Aragon Eric , Lau Yew Weng , Yeo Wee Song , Chan Yiong Huak , Krishnan Prabhakaran , Yap Hui Kim
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). The paediatric renal transplant programme in Singapore was initiated in 1989. This study aimed to examine our outcomes over the 19-year period from 1989 to 2007.

Materials and Methods: A total of 38 renal transplants were performed at our centre. Another 4 patients with overseas transplants who returned within 3 weeks post-transplant were included. The proportion of living donor (LD) transplants was 61.9%. Structural abnormalities and glomerulopathies were the most common aetiologies comprising 33% each. Median age at transplant was 13.9 years and median waiting time was 2.2 years. LD transplant recipients were younger and had a shorter waiting time than deceased donor (DD) recipients.

Results: Overall patient survival rates were 95%, 92%, 86% and 86% at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. There were 4 deaths, of which 3 were due to infections. Graft survival rates at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years for LD and DD transplants were 100%, 89.5%, 67.3%, 67.3% and 80.8%, 56.5%, 42.2%, 28.3% respectively, and were significantly higher in LD transplants. The main cause of graft loss was rejection following non-adherence. Multivariate analysis showed male gender, late acute rejections and acute tubular necrosis as predictors of graft failure. There was a high incidence of early bacterial infections (42.9%) and cytomegalovirus disease (16.7%).

Conclusion: Our graft survival rates for LD transplants were comparable to North American rates, although our DD transplant rates were slightly worse, probably a reflection of the prevailing transplant policies.

Key words: Deceased donor, Living donor, Paediatric transplantation
Paradigm Shifts in Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Tan Donald TH , Anshu Arundhati , Mehta Jodhbir S
Published: October 2022

Conventional corneal transplantation, in the form of penetrating keratoplasty (PK), involves full-thickness replacement of the cornea, and is a highly successful procedure. However, the cornea is anatomically a multi-layered structure. Pathology may only affect individual layers of the cornea, hence selective lamellar surgical replacement of only the diseased corneal layers whilst retaining unaffected layers represents a new paradigm shift in the field. Recent advancements in surgical techniques and instrumentation have resulted in several forms of manual, microkeratome and femto-second laser-assisted lamellar transplantation procedures. Anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) aims at replacing only diseased or scarred corneal stroma, whilst retaining the unaffected corneal endothelial layer, thus obviating the risk of endothelial allograft rejection. Posterior lamellar keratoplasty/endothelial keratoplasty (PLK/EK) involves the replacement of the dysfunctional endothelial cell layer only. Whilst significant technical and surgical challenges are involved in performing lamellar micro-dissection of a tissue which is only 0.5 mm thick, the benefits of a more controlled surgical procedure and improved graft survival rates have resulted in a shift away from conventional PK. This review details the current advances in emerging lamellar corneal surgical procedures and highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of these new lamellar corneal procedures.

Key words: Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty, Endothelial keratoplasty, Lamellar keratoplasty, Penetrating keratoplasty
Tactile, Olfactory, and Gustatory Hallucinations in Psychotic Disorders: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Lewandowski Kathryn E , DePaola Joseph , Camsari Gamze B , Cohen Bruce M , Öngür Dost
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hallucinations are a common feature of psychotic illness and occur across diagnoses. While auditory and visual hallucinations are known to represent common features of psychosis, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations (TOGHs) are often believed to be rare in primary psychotic illness. The present study examined hallucinations across sensory modalities in patients with primary psychotic disorders by diagnosis and in association with mood and psychotic symptoms.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study we examined diagnostic and symptom data from a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia (n = 133), schizoaffective disorder (n = 101), or bipolar I disorder (n = 186).

Results: TOGHs were common (20% of the total sample), and occurred across all diagnostic categories, although at different rates by diagnosis. TOGHs were correlated with each other and with other hallucinations, and were associated with specific clinical features such as somatic delusions, delusions of control, thought broadcasting, earlier age at onset, and a lifetime history of depressive episodes.

Conclusion: In the present sample, hallucinations in all modalities occurred in patients across diagnoses suggesting that no one type of hallucinatory experience is pathognomonic to any given diagnosis. Additionally, TOGHs were present in patients across diagnostic groups are were associated with specific symptoms and earlier age of onset. Implications for clinical practice and clinical and neurobiological research are discussed.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder
Psychosocial Factors in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia: A Selective Review
Authors: Lim Caroline , Chong Siow-Ann , Keefe Richard SE
Published: October 2022

Aim: Various forms of social adversity have been implicated in the development and emergence of psychosis. However, how and when these events exert their influences are not clear. In this paper, we attempt to examine these putative psychosocial factors and place them in a temporal context and propose a neurobiological mechanism linking these factors.

Methods: Medline databases were searched between 1966 and 2007 followed by the crosschecking of references using the following keywords: psychosocial, stress, stressors, life events, psychological, combined with psychosis and schizophrenia.

Results: While some findings are conflicting, there are a number of positive studies which suggest that factors like prenatal stress, urban birth and childhood trauma accentuate the vulnerability for schizophrenia and other psychoses while other factors like life events, migration particularly being a minority group, and high expressed emotions, which occur later in the vulnerable individual may move the individual towards the tipping point for psychosis.

Conclusion: Overall, there is evidence to implicate psychosocial factors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These factors may act via a common pathway, which involves stress-induced dysregulation of the HPA axis and the dopaminergic systems. To establish the causal relationship of the various factors would require prospective studies that are adequately powered.

Key words: Childhood abuse, Expressed emotions, Life events, Migration/minority status, Prenatal stress, Psychosis, Urbanicity
Measuring Memory-Prediction Errors and their Consequences in Youth at Risk for Schizophrenia
Authors: Keefe Richard SE , Kraus Michael S
Published: October 2022

The largely consistent columnar circuitry observed throughout the cortex may serve to continuously predict bottom-up activation based on invariant memories. This “memory-prediction” function is essential to efficient and accurate perception. Many of the defined cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia suggest a breakdown of memory-prediction function. As deficits in memory-prediction function are proposed to lie more proximal to the biological causes of schizophrenia than deficits in standard cognitive constructs, tests that more directly probe memory-prediction function may be especially sensitive predictors of conversion in individuals at high-risk for schizophrenia. In this article, we review the conceptual basis for this hypothesis, and outline how it may be tested with specific cognitive paradigms. The accurate identification of cognitive processes that precede the onset of psychosis will not only be useful for clinicians to predict which young people are at greatest risk for schizophrenia, but will also help determine the neurobiology of psychosis onset, thus leading to new and effective treatments for preventing schizophrenia and other psychoses.

Key words: Cognition, Cortical circuitry, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, Ultra high-risk
Comparison of Attitudes of Psychiatrists vs Primary Healthcare Physicians in Singapore Towards At Risk Mental States (ARMS)
Authors: Tor Phern Chern , Lee Hon Yee
Published: October 2022

Aims: It is possible to define at risk mental states (ARMS) that predict conversion to schizophrenia in up to 40% of help seeking individuals within a year of screening. Treatment of ARMS is controversial due to difficulties with diagnosis and uncertainties of treatment effective- ness. This survey was conducted to assess and compare attitudes of Singapore psychiatrists vs primary healthcare physicians towards ARMS. Materials and Methods: An anonymous survey containing a clinical vignette and questions related to the diagnosis and management of ARMS was sent out to all registered psychiatrists/ psychiatry trainees and all doctors in a public primary healthcare group in Singapore. Results: The response rate was 62.1% (87/140) and 72.3% (107/ 148) for psychiatrists and primary healthcare physicians respectively. The proportion of psychiatrists diagnosing ARMS vs psychosis was 44.8% vs 43.7% respectively. Among primary care physicians, the corresponding proportion was 54.2% vs 40.2%. The difference between the 2 groups did not reach statistical significance. Among psychiatrists who diagnosed ARMS, 74.4% (29/39) would treat the patient with active management. Of the total number of psychiatrists surveryed, 49.4% would advocate population screening of high risk groups compared to 30.8% of primary healthcare physicians. And 64.4% of psychiatrists felt that there was no consensus regarding the management of ARMS. Conclusions: There is currently clinical equipoise with regards to both diagnosis and management of ARMS in Singapore. Primary care physicians may be more likely to diagnose psychosis vs ARMS when compared to psychiatrists. Psychiatrists were more likely than primary healthcare physicians to advocate population screening of ARMS in high-risk groups. Most psychiatrists would manage ARMS actively. Key words: Prodrome, Schizophrenia
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in Singaporean Women Undergoing Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Gopalakrishnakone D , Appan DP , Singh Kuldip
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The primary objective is to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among 200 women seeking termination of pregnancy (TOP) at National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore. The secondary objective is to determine the existence of high-risk sexual behaviours/practices among these women.

Materials and Methods: Two endocervical swabs were taken from these women; one was transported in Chlamydia transport medium at 2ºC to 8 ºC, while the other was transported in a dry swab at room temperature and analysed with ligase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay. Demographic data was collected with regard to relevant risk factors in a standard questionnaire.

Results: 8% (16/200) of the women were found to be positive for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Both the wet and dry methods of transport were equally effective in detection. 16.2% of the women in <25 years old group were positive versus 3.1% in the >25 years old group (P <0.001). 75% of the Chlamydia positive women had no symptoms/signs of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). Of the 16 positive women, 14 (87.5%) did not use any contraception. All 12 women below 25 years of age did not use any contraception.

Conclusion: Prevalence of infertility causing Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women is related to age. Thus the recommendation is the opportunistic screening of sexually active women less than 25 years of age.

Key words: Age, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, no barrier contraception
Collective Copyright and Related Rights Territorial Restrictions Administrative Perspectives in the European Union
Authors:   Master of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro,Jl. Imam Bardjo No. 1, Pleburan, South Semarang, Central Java, 50241, Sakti Arga Satriatama Kurnia , Roisah Kholis ,   Master of Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro,Jl. Imam Bardjo No. 1, Pleburan, South Semarang, Central Java, 50241
Published: October 2022

The existing international system of collective management of copyright and related rights is based on mutual representation agreements concluded by collecting societies, which impose territorial restrictions on the activities of these entities. The article examines the possible conflict of these territorial restrictions with the law of the European Union, applying scientific theoretical and empirical methods. The article identifies the position of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, the European Parliament and the European Commission on this issue, and draws conclusions on the possible consequences, based on the models proposed by these institutions.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONS ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS IN VIETNAM STOCK MARKET
Authors:   Master, Faculty of Economics and Law, University of Finance and Marketing, YEN XUAN PHAN NGOC
Published: October 2022

To improve investment performance and achieve long-term returns, investors need to control their emotions. The article studies the impact of emotions on individual investors' decision to buy and sell securities, including two main expressions: loss aversion and regret aversion. The article uses descriptive statistical methods and analyzes data through the results of a survey of 150 individual investors on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. The results show that investors' decisions are influenced by loss aversion and regret aversion. Investors often feel stress when losing, they keep losing stocks for a long time because they hope the price can rise again, but when they make a profit, they sell their shares very quickly to take profits because they are afraid of regret if they lose their profits, which reduces investment efficiency, even leads to losses. To improve investment results, investors need to control their emotions well through careful planning and disciplined execution of the plan.
Migration of artisanal fishers targeting small pelagics in West Africa: current trends and development
Authors: Dème El hadj Bara , Amalatchy Yayo , Jumpe Raul Thomas , Fall Assane Deda , Bocoum Waly , Dème Moustapha , Failler Pierre , Soumah Mohamed , Sidibeh Momodou , Diédhiou Idrissa , Ahouansou Montcho Simon , March Antaya , Touron-Gardic Grégoire
Published: October 2022

This study sought to present the evolutions and new trends of migrant fishing targeting small pelagics in West Africa from fishing to consumption stage. The work involved the characterization of migrant fishers targeting small pelagics in West Africa (country of origin, fishing gear and target species), modalities of access to resources, estimation of their catches and finally the assessment of the impact in the host countries. This work was useful to analyse changes in terms of the actors involved, the volumes and values of catches, and forms of valorisation and marketing of products from the migrant sectors over the period 2008-2018. Overall, the quantities of pelagic fish caught by migrant fishermen were increasing. The production of small pelagic by migrant fisheries has almost doubled over a decade, from an estimated of 180,000 t over the period 2008-2012, to a current estimated production of almost 324,500 t. More than 50% of this production was sold on the market in fresh or frozen form. More than 75,000 t (22%) and 94,000 t (28%) were destined for artisanal and industrial processing, respectively. Migrant fisheries thus supply more to industrial processing than to artisanal processing. Indeed, migrant fisheries have contributed over the last ten years to the emergence of fishmeal factories in West Africa. However, despite their significant evolution in terms of catch volumes and values, migrant fisheries still operate outside of legislative frameworks and without being explicitly accounted for in national statistics. Moreover, conflicts are increasingly important given the current tensions and issues surrounding the exploitation of small pelagic fish in West Africa. This work recommends the development of a common management plan for migrant fishers in the countries of the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC) and the West Central Gulf of Guinea Fisheries Committees (WCGC).
Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Copper Sculptures by Formation of Composite Barrier
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Jagdam College, J P University, Chapra-841301, India, Kumar Singh Rajesh , Hema K. ,   Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai-600089, India
Published: October 2022

Nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are acidic gas and they produce corrosive medium for copper sculptures. These gases absorb moisture to form nitric acid, carbonic and sulphuric acid. It forms corrosion cell on the surface of copper and accelerate corrosion reactions. The corrosion cell formation is written as: Cu|Cu2+||H+|H2 thus corrosion reactions start and copper is oxidized into Cu2+surface and it is oxidized into Cu2+ whereas H+ ion is reduced into H2 . Nitric acid environment copper exhibits galvanic, pitting, stress, crevice, blistering, embrittlement and intergranular corrosion. The corrosion reactions change physical, chemical and mechanical properties of corroded materials. Nanocoating compound tetrahydrodibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-5,11-disemicarbazone and SiC electrospray compounds used to control the corrosion of copper in nitrogen dioxide medium. For corrosion mitigation of copper metal interface was coated with tetrahydro-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-5,11-disemicarbazone and SiC. The coating compound tetrahydro-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-5,11-disemicarbazone was synthesized in laboratory. Nozzle spray techniques used for nanocoating and electrospraying. The corrosion rate of copper was determined by gravimetric loss method at different temperatures, concentrations and days in nitrogen dioxide medium. Potentiostatic polarization technique used for the determination of electrode potential, corrosion current and current density. Nanocoating and electrospraying compounds formed a composite barrier on the surface of base metal by chemical bonding. The nanocoating and electrospray compounds adhered on base metal by chemisorptions to confirm by activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, enthalpy and entropy. The nanocoating and electrospray deposited on copper confirmed by Langmuir, Frundlich and Temkin isotherm. Copper formed a complex compound to interact with tetrahydro-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene-5,11-disemicarbazone and SiC. Electrospraying SiC blocked porosities of nanocoating compound and checked osmosis process of nitrogen dioxide. Thenanocoating and electrospray compounds decreased corrosion rate and increased surface coverage areas and percentage coating efficiencies.
Pyrimidine TAT TAC Kinases Promote B-Arrestins and Rac1 for Adopting Myocardial Constrictions and Gpcrs Ratio by Ang2-AT2 Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Growth
Authors:   Biomedical and Molecular Studies Canada, Toronto, Goldwin Ave and Cairo Egypt, El Tantawi Ashraf Marzouk
Published: October 2022

The orphan nuclear pathway (regulated by pyrimidine TAT and TAC kinases and OPA1 enzymes) has the roles of producing the Beta-subunit (fatty Acyl-COAbeta) upon the effects of synthase which regulate B-arrestins synthesis for adopting ACE for Ang2-AT2 synthesis from Ang1-AT1 (that adopt GPCRs ratio) . The inhibition in synthase and in pyrimidines kinases will reflect Inhibition in Acyl-COA-beta synthesis followed by cholesterol and long fatty chains accumulations with high affinity to bind with k and Na salts that can precipitated and cause lipotoxicity. B-arrestins play a well established role in the dampening of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) accumulation, that prevent their increasing through its adopting to ACE for activating Ang2-AT2 synthesis from Ang1-AT1.
A Comparative analysis of War Propaganda
Authors: Han Alex , Slosek Gregory
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes propaganda leaflets in different wars. The importance of propaganda and its use and creation in different wars indicates its significance in terms of success. Every war has used certain different tactics and strategies in wars to win and influence the people through their war strategies and different types of leaflets. Following wars are discussed with their powerful propaganda during the war. For instance, the Korean war propaganda leaflets, German propaganda leaflets, Franco-Prussian War 1870 propaganda leaflets, Vietnam war 1954-75 propaganda, World War I Propaganda, and Spanish American War Propaganda. Propaganda has been used in these wars through different method either through leaflets, posters, music, through women, or yellow journalism etc. diverse impact of different propagandas were witnessed on the civilians and soldiers in these wars. That means that propaganda has remain an important element of war and has its strong crucial role in the winning war.
Derrida and digital libraries: exploring the (im)possibility of virtual hospitality
Authors:   Rutgers University, USA, Mestre Juliana
Published: October 2022

Derridean hospitality provides a way to complicate and elevate service models of librarianship, yet its implications in a virtual environment are unclear, clouded by debate within Derrida’s scholarship and surrounding literature. Applying his theory to digital libraries raises questions involving responsibility, labour, and ethics. I review a selection of theoretical and topical literature, exploring the (im)possibility of virtual Derridean hospitality in relation to digital libraries before establishing contact points for this discussion in existent library and information science literature. Articles are selected and analysed based off relevance. Some hold philosophical relevance, representing contributions to conversations surrounding Derridean and Levinasean conceptions of hospitality. Others hold field relevance, representing pieces of literature that relate to questions of hospitality from within library and information science. In addition to relevance, they have all been assessed for quality and timeliness with the goal of capturing a sample indicative of current conversations surrounding this topic. Derridean hospitality provides a novel and productive theoretical foundation for working through ethical tension unique to digital libraries. Though the theory is new to library and information science, there are existent scholarly conversations surrounding library hospitality and digital civics that provide a basis for theoretical integration.
Spiritual needs and modern librarianship: a survey of practising librarians in a Western context
Authors: Nangia Pranay , Ruthven Ian ,   Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. This study aimed to highlight the perceptions of spiritual needs in modern librarianship through a survey administered amongst practising librarians primarily in the USA and UK. In addition, this study contributes to the conceptualisation of the spiritual in library settings and discussions on service provision within Western libraries. Methods. We used a mixed-methods approach which collected quantitative and qualitative data through one survey. Analysis. We analysed the responses through descriptive statistics and thematic coding. Results. Librarians connected spiritual needs with humanness, emotions, wellbeing, religion and culture. Spiritual needs associated with love/belonging/respect and positivity/gratitude/hope/peace were perceived more often than those associated with resolution/death and the divine. The need to perform religious/ spiritual rituals and participate in religious/spiritual services was regarded as the least important to consider in modern librarianship. Conclusions. Our findings 1) Support prior research that conceptualises modern libraries as spaces for contemplation and spirituality; 2) Provide an account of how librarians understand the concept of spiritual needs; 3) Indicate librarians’ perceptions of the prevalence of spiritual needs amongst library patrons; 4) Highlight the perceived importance of considering spiritual needs in modern libraries.
Understanding information-seeking achievement emotions - exploring a cognitive appraisal theory framework
Authors:   department of information Studies at Åbo Akademi University, Finland, Dahlqvist Claes
Published: October 2022

Given the limited body of literature on information-seeking emotions in library and information science research in general and relative to appraisal theories in an educational context, the findings of this paper will make a valuable conceptual and theoretical contribution to the field. The paper explores a proposed appraisal theory framework for understanding the information-seeking emotions of higher education students in learning and achieving information-seeking skills. Studying this process is crucial for academic success and future research-informed practice. The relevance of applying the framework, Scherer's (2005) semantic space of emotions and Pekrun's (2006) control-value theory of achievement emotions, is presented, elucidated and discussed. Concepts, elements, structure and dynamics of the theories are presented. The framework offers an understanding and explanation of the nature of information-seeking emotions and their interplay with cognitive appraisals in the complex constructivist learning process of achieving information-seeking skills. Viewed together, the framework has the potential to be an appropriate analytical tool to investigate information-seeking emotions in the process of learning and achieving information-seeking skills.
The behaviour of consumers and information providers during a pandemic: analysis of information related to Covid-19 and the way consumers in social media reacted to this information
Authors:   Information School of Bar-Ilan University, Israel, Potash Tom , Elmalech Avshalom ,   Information School of Bar-Ilan University, Israel
Published: October 2022

People’s reactions to information can teach us about their attitudes and feelings about a certain topic. In this study, we investigate peoples’ reactions to Covid-19 related information throughout different periods of the pandemic. We created a wide database of the leading content providers in Israel, and then examined the characteristics of the various news items on Facebook and their sharing features. A quantitative study that examined 552,733 posts on Facebook and analysed the responses to those posts. Covid-19 related posts drew more shares and interactions such as ‘sad’, ‘care’, and ‘angry’ in comparison to posts that were not related to Covid-19. When ividing the information collected by different periods, it seems that the attitude toward information about Covid-19 related topics varies according to the period. People reacted and engaged with information regarding Covid-19 differently throughout the pandemic. In the beginning, people shared more information to help others in reducing their uncertainty. When more information about the pandemic was available people shared less information as it was not needed. On the other hand, people felt more comfortable commenting on posts and expressing their opinion as they received more information about the pandemic.
Topic modelling of diverse events in the 21st century public library: A case analysis of New York Public Library
Authors:   Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan, Yamagishi Motoko , Koizumi Masanori ,   Faculty of Library, Information and Media Science at the University of Tsukuba, Japan, Widdersheim Michael M. ,   School of Library and Information Management at Emporia State University, United States, Igarashi Tomoya ,   Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Published: October 2022

Public libraries hold events to meet the needs of citizens. Recently, online events have increased due to COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to describe public library events with an emphasis on those held during COVID-19. Analysis was based on 21,411 data points collected from event descriptions on the New York Public Library (NYPL) website, from November 2020 to November 2021. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a topic modelling method, data were collected and analysed. Analysis. Event topics were extracted from event descriptions using LDA. 24 event topics were identified. Five general topical categories were then derived qualitatively from the 24 topics. The topics and topical categories were visualised using PCoA, a general algorithm used in LDA. 24 topics and 5 general topical categories were created. The events ranged from traditional collection-based events to future-oriented events to help overcome community division. Online participation was a common theme among all events. Online events that developed due to the COVID-19 pandemic offered increased opportunities for participation. In the current uncertain climate, public library events play an important role in supporting everyday life and culture.
Academic information searching and learning by use of Keenious and Google Scholar: a pilot study
Authors:   Keenious, Solheim Johansen Jesper , Borlund Pia ,   Oslo Metropolitan University
Published: October 2022

This paper reports a pilot study on academic information searching and learning by use of Keenious and Google Scholar. The pilot study aims to evaluate the test design, and to learn about participants’ perceptions about Keenious and Google Scholar as searching and learning systems. The pilot consists of a convenience sample of 8 students. They searched Keenious and Google Scholar in opposite order to neutralise for order effect and identified research articles of relevance to their term paper. Hereafter they curated a reading list based on their search results. After searching and curation they completed questionnaires about their experiences. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the search performance results including the scale ratings. The participants perceive Keenious slightly more positively compared to Google Scholar as a system that inspires for learning and the retrieval of serendipitous results. Further, Keenious and Google Scholar are perceived to complement each other by retrieving different relevant results. The pilot study demonstrates a sufficient test design. Further, the importance of counterbalancing the search systems was confirmed. The participants will be introduced to Keenious prior to testing to neutralise the bias of the participants being more familiar with Google Scholar.
From words to actions: assessing the impact of antiracist declarations in library and information science
Authors:   School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, USA, Furner Jonathan , Ibekwe Fidelia ,   School of Journalism & Communication, Aix-Marseille University, France, Birdi Briony ,   Information School, University of Sheffield, UK
Published: October 2022

The aims of this paper are to reaffirm calls for the global elimination of racism in library and information science, to specify ways of making progress towards such elimination, and to indicate how to assess the extent to which the declarations made by international bodies have had an impact on the success of antiracist strategies in which library and information science professionals engage at the local level. A review is undertaken of the declarations on racism made by the United Nations (UN), and by two professional organisations: the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), and the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO). A case study approach is then taken in identifying antiracist strategies in library and information science in the United States. International declarations on racism are numerous and expansive, and are suggestive of several important categories of antiracist strategy. A means of assessing the relationship between declarations and strategies is proposed. It is concluded that the impact of declarations has not been substantial. Affirmative action policies, hate speech bans, reparative taxonomies, and actions decentring whiteness are few and far between in library and information science. Renewed effort should be made to engage in antiracist strategies of the kinds promoted in the declarations.
Fences or stacks: theoretical considerations regarding references in patents
Authors:   Swedish School of Library and Information Science (SSLIS), University of Borås, Sweden, Hammarfelt Björn
Published: October 2022

Patent citations are an important indicator for studying science and technology interaction. Yet, empirical and conceptual studies of referencing practices in patents are largely lacking, which has resulted in an under-theorised understanding of patent citations. This study analyses previous research on patent citations and discusses these in relation to citation theories developed within science studies and bibliometrics. The ambition is, however, to advance beyond a comparative approach by adding an additional layer of analysis in which the overarching rhetorical function of references in patents and papers is considered. The analysis shows how referencing in patents have distinguishing characteristics in terms of who cites, the temporality of referencing, national and international context, quantity of references, and incentives for citing. These characteristics are discussed using the concept of fencing and stacking. Fencing illustrates how references in patents are used to demarcate claims, while the stacking of references in scientific papers is an act of cumulative persuasion. Substantial rhetorical and epistemological differences exist in how references are used in patents and papers, and these differences have implications for how citations patterns can be interpreted. The conceptualisation of referencing as fencing and stacking is suggested as a possible framework for interpreting empirical studies of patent citations. Overall, it is argued that a further theoretical, and empirical, understanding of referencing practices in patents are need in order to contextualise and problematise patent citations, and their current use in research and policy.
Claves para obtener información precisa sobre los públicos de museos con encuestas en línea
Authors: Castellanos Pérez Rosa María , Pérez Santos Eloisa
Published: October 2022

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, gran número de organizaciones dedicadas a la industria cultural emprendieron esfuerzos para conocer que ocurría con sus públicos una vez que esta emergencia sanitaria obligó a cerrar las puertas de prácticamente todos los recintos culturales del mundo. A dos años de aquel momento, puede afirmarse que la pandemia cerró puertas físicas pero abrió ventanas digitales hasta entonces poco exploradas. A través de estas ventanas digitales, museos de todo el mundo se aventuraron a preguntar a sus públicos sobre sus experiencias en este contexto, utilizando herramientas en línea para elaborar encuestas, distribuirlas, analizar los datos y presentar sus resultados. En aquel momento, en el grupo de trabajo Foro de Estudios de Públicos en el cual participamos, nos propusimos recopilar y analizar más de una veintena de estudios sobre públicos con igual diversidad de estrategias de investigación y con hallazgos interesantes, pero con deficiencias más o menos graves en aspectos metodológicos fundamentales como la elaboración del instrumento para recopilar datos. Y es que se tiene la creencia de que las encuestas en línea obedecen a las mismas reglas que aquellas destinadas a la presencialidad, error equiparable a pensar que una sala virtual del museo ha de tener las mismas características que una física. Si bien ambos tipos de encuestas son similares en lo general, el medio digital tiene rasgos específicos que exige saberes de distintos campos, como diseño gráfico y diseño web (diseño de la interfaz persona-mundo digital), gestión de redes sociales (community management), comunicación en entornos digitales, investigación en línea (e-research), además de conocer y manejar herramientas digitales en constante actualización. El presente trabajo reúne saberes clave para emplear encuestas en línea como parte de la metodología de estudios sobre públicos de museos, procedentes de artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2021, además de conocimientos derivados de nuestra propia experiencia en el campo. Pretende ser un metaanálisis en forma de guía práctica para acompañar a quienes se embarquen en esta tarea durante sus diferentes etapas:  planeación (canales de distribución según público objetivo), elaboración (formatos de ítems, uso de plataformas para crear encuestas, diseño gráfico adecuado), levantamiento de información (muestreo, canales digitales de distribución), y procesamiento de información (confidencialidad, resultados automáticos). El fin último es obtener información fidedigna sobre los públicos que anhelan visitar los museos en forma física o virtual, a partir de estrategias fundamentadas para aprovechar al máximo las múltiples ventajas del internet.
Laboratorios ciudadanos feministas: Alternativas digitales para la integración de la perspectiva de género en museos mexicanos.
Authors: Ramírez Rivera Jessica Beatriz
Published: October 2022

Los laboratorios ciudadanos son espacios que posibilitan el diálogo entre diversos agentes, aportan metodologías y mecanismos para desarrollar prototipos para resolver problemáticas. A través de ellos, el museo puede transformarse en un lugar de encuentro, tomar el papel de mediador, facilitador de ideas y puente entre la ciudadanía y las instituciones. En esta comunicación se abordará el caso específico del proyecto “Construyamos una nueva mirada: Narrativas Visuales Feministas en Museos”, el cual formó parte del Laboratorio de Reinvención Participativa en Museos. Con el desarrollo de este laboratorio se logró la creación de una caja de herramientas que propone el diálogo entre los públicos y el museo desde la perspectiva de género, en la creación de propuestas híbridas que, interactúan tanto en el ciberespacio como en el espacio de exhibición.
Co-crear recursos de accesibilidad en el Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya con la comunidad usuaria
Authors: Masoliver Vilamala Jasmina , Granell Querol Andrea , Moreno Catalán Eduard
Published: October 2022

ReAcc-MAC (Recursos de Accesibilidad en el Museo de Arqueología de Cataluña, Barcelona), es un proceso de investigación participativo llevado a cabo por personas con diversidad funcional visual. El objetivo es tejer vínculos entre el museo y este colectivo. De esta manera, los vínculos contribuyen a hacer del museo un sitio más accesible e inclusivo. Este proceso se enmarca en el cambio de paradigma hacia la accesibilidad universal y la museología social en Cataluña.Los agentes que han intervenido en esta investigación han sido: el MAC, la Cooperativa Eduxarxa, el grupo de investigación formado por personas con diversidad funcional visual, DIDPATRI de la Universidad de Barcelona y la Fundación Prevent. El grupo de investigación ha sido el protagonista del proyecto ya que se ha encargado de realizar un análisis y evaluación sobre los contenidos y la museografía en una parte del espacio expositivo del Puente del Mar Azul del MAC. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se ha empleado una metodología mixta. Por un lado, cuantitativa, como son las encuestas. Y, por otro lado, cualitativa basada en el modelo de grupos de discusión.En cuanto a los resultados, se obtuvo una propuesta co-diseñada por el grupo de investigación para mejorar la accesibilidad física, sensorial y comunicativa del espacio del Puente del Mar Azul. Cabe recalcar la buena valoración del proyecto por parte del grupo de investigación, ya que destacaron que su participación había sido muy beneficiosa para ambos, comunidad y museo. Además, se valoró positivamente participar activamente y comprobar como su opinión era tenida en consideración.En definitiva, es posible co-crear recursos de accesibilidad con la comunidad usuaria. Con esta investigación se verifica la replicabilidad de esta metodología y se pretende animar a realizar futuras intervenciones de este tipo en otras instituciones museísticas.Este proyecto ha contado con el apoyo de las Becas “Premis Barcelona 2020” del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona.
Oportunidad y Necesidad de la Planificación Estratégica de la Transformación Digital en los Museos de Historia Natural
Authors: Alvarado Pérez Cristabel Evelia , García Franquesa Eulàlia , Pastor Collado Joan Antoni
Published: October 2022

La transformación digital debe abordarse estratégicamente en toda organización, pues genera retos complejos de mejora e innovación en las personas, los procesos, los sistemas y las tecnologías. No se trata únicamente de inversión tecnológica, se trata de plantear formas mejoradas de implementar la misión de la organización, repensando sus funciones principales para beneficiarse de lo digital. Por eso, conviene abordar dicha transformación desde el planteamiento estratégico, evitando las actuaciones aisladas y maximizando el apoyo de la institución con proyectos digitales bien fundamentados. La transformación digital constituye un proceso complicado que exige gran compromiso, el desarrollo de nuevas capacidades, posibles reestructuraciones organizativas, la superación de inercias y la gestión del cambio. Lo dicho hasta aquí sirve para el común de las organizaciones, pero aún más para instituciones de especial propósito y complejidad, como es el caso de los museos, especialmente los museos de historia natural. Durante las últimas décadas los museos también han apostado por la innovación digital, aunque parece que con un ritmo más lento que otros sectores, por lo que hoy todavía muchos museos están lejos de alcanzar la madurez digital. La percepción del sector patrimonial es que los museos de historia natural llevan cierta ventaja digital sobre otras temáticas museísticas, motivada por la gran complejidad y volumen de sus colecciones. En tales circunstancias, la planificación estratégica de su transformación digital, y el correcto liderazgo en el despliegue de los proyectos digitales, resultan cruciales para establecer pautas, objetivos y proyectos estratégicos, que apoyen el logro de su misión y potencien su relevancia en la sociedad actual. Aunque la relativa escasez de recursos y disponibilidad del personal puedan dificultar la transformación digital en muchos museos, dichas limitaciones se pueden encajar mejor con el correcto liderazgo institucional y mediante el uso de pautas y métodos adaptados especialmente a la realidad museística; que permitan planificar y abordar la transformación digital con un enfoque estratégico, metódico, sistemático, transversal, que minimice los riesgos asociados y maximice las oportunidades de éxito. Con objeto de explorar dicho enfoque estratégico, el Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Barcelona y la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña están cooperando en un proyecto de investigación aplicada, aprobado y financiado por el Programa de Doctorados Industriales de la Generalitat de Catalunya, del que resulte un método para la planificación estratégica de iniciativas de transformación digital en museos de historia natural, así como un primer plan de transformación digital para dicho museo.
Proyecto Nuraghe: Estrategias para la creación de un entorno digital de convivencia internacional
Authors: Rodríguez Azogue Araceli , Carranza Peco Luis Miguel , Gómez Díaz Ana , Puddu Manuela , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Oliva , Fernández Flores Álvaro
Published: October 2022

El Proyecto Nuraghe es un proyecto internacional de investigación y formación arqueológica de uno de los yacimientos más importantes del suroeste de Cerdeña: el Nuraghe Candelargiu, en San Giovanni Suergiu (SU). Con el avance de los trabajos se puso de relieve la necesidad de crear una ventana común en la que poder seguir desarrollando el proyecto y hacer accesible el yacimiento, especialmente tras la pandemia del COVID que impidió la realización del curso de arqueología los dos últimos años, para así permitir una continua transferencia del conocimiento a partir de las actividades que lo caracterizan: la formación, la investigación, el intercambio cultural y la convivencia. De dicha necesidad nace “Candelargiu Virtual” como espacio interactivo integrado dentro de la web del Proyecto Nuraghe y con el objetivo de convertirse en un lugar de aprendizaje y convivencia donde se aúnen los valores que singularizan al proyecto, siendo su pilar fundamental la protección del patrimonio arqueológico a partir del trabajo colaborativo.
La Función Social de los Museos en la Era de la Tecnología. Un estudio de caso sobre la influencia de los medios digitales en la dimensión social de los Museos Nacionales en Portugal.
Authors: Amaral Leonor
Published: October 2022

Momento único en la Historia Contemporánea, la pandemia del COVID-19 reforzó la relevancia de la reflexión sobre la responsabilidad social de los museos y el (des)encuadre actual de sus paradigmas comunicativos tradicionales. Las sucesivas restricciones y limitaciones aplicadas a los museos en el contexto de una crisis pandémica han transformado la forma en que han operado en los últimos años.Por otro lado, la creciente toma de conciencia de la importancia que asumen los museos como instituciones promotoras de la cohesión y la inclusión social, pero también del conocimiento, el aprendizaje y el ocio, ha reavivado un debate con fundamentos teórico-conceptuales que ha buscado, desde la Declaración de Santiago do Chile (1972), comprender la posición de los museos en relación a su dimensión social, hoy en un panorama de incertidumbre e intensidad que caracteriza nuestros días.Por lo tanto, urge repensar, en sentido prospectivo, el papel de los modelos de gestión de la información y comunicación digital en la percepción de estas instituciones dentro de la sociedad contemporánea.La presente propuesta busca presentar los resultados preliminares de una investigación de doctorado en Museología, financiada con una beca de la Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología de Portugal, que se centra en el tema de la relación que se establece entre el pensamiento de la función social de los museos y sus estrategias de acción digital.Como herramienta de interacción inherente a nuestras acciones y actividades más identitarias, las tecnologías digitales y de la información y la comunicación configuran nuestra forma de pensar y actuar, como seres sociales, en el día a día. En este contexto, “museo” y “digital” no pueden ser conceptos dispersos. En un estudio realizado con los visitantes de siete Museos Nacionales de Portugal, aquí para ser presentado, encontramos algunos indicios sobre la relación entre la acción digital de los visitantes y su posible influencia en la visita a los museos. Estos datos nos permiten reflexionar sobre cómo los museos pueden posicionarse en relación a los intereses y costumbres de sus visitantes.Este proyecto tiene como objetivo fortalecer el camino en el estudio científico a una hipótesis de investigación que ha ganado impulso en los estudios internacionales en Museología: lo digital como herramienta para la sostenibilidad social en los museos.