bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural progenitor–derived Apelin controls tip cell behavior and vascular patterning
Authors: Malchow Julian , Eberlein Jean , Li Wei , Hogan Benjamin M. , Okuda Kazuhide S. , Helker Christian S. M.
Published: July 2024

During angiogenesis, vascular tip cells guide nascent vascular sprouts to form a vascular network. Apelin, an agonist of the G protein–coupled receptor Aplnr, is enriched in vascular tip cells, and it is hypothesized that vascular-derived Apelin regulates sprouting angiogenesis. We identify an
apelin
-expressing neural progenitor cell population in the dorsal neural tube. Vascular tip cells exhibit directed elongation and migration toward and along the
apelin
-expressing neural progenitor cells. Notably, restoration of neural but not vascular
apelin
expression in
apelin
mutants remedies the angiogenic defects of mutants. By functional analyses, we show the requirement of Apelin signaling for tip cell behaviors, like filopodia formation and cell elongation. Through genetic interaction studies and analysis of transgenic activity reporters, we identify Apelin signaling as a modulator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal–regulated kinase signaling in tip cells in vivo. Our results suggest a previously unidentified neurovascular cross-talk mediated by Apelin signaling that is important for tip cell function during sprouting angiogenesis.
Polaron engineering promotes NIR-II absorption of carbon quantum dots for bioimaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Tesen , Wang Bingzhe , Cheng Quansheng , Wang Qingcheng , Zhou Qingqing , Li Lingyun , Qu Songnan , Sun Handong , Deng Chuxia , Tang Zikang
Published: July 2024

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in tuning the optical properties of organic semiconductors for diverse applications. However, achieving control over the optical bandgap in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has remained a major challenge. To address this, here we report a polaron engineering strategy that introduces diverse defects into carbon quantum dots (CQDs). These defects induce lattice distortions resulting in the formation of polarons, which can absorb the near-field scattered light. Furthermore, the formed polarons in N-related vacancies can generate thermal energy through the coupling of lattice vibrations, while the portion associated with O-related defects can return to the ground state in the form of NIR-II fluorescence. On the basis of this optical absorption model, these CQDs have been successfully applied to NIR-II fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy. This discovery could open a promising route for the polarons of organic semiconductor materials as NIR-II absorbers in nanomedical applications.
Cell size, density, and nutrient dependency of unicellular algal gravitational sinking velocities
Authors: Miettinen Teemu P. , Gomez Annika L. , Wu Yanqi , Wu Weida , Usherwood Thomas R. , Hwang Yejin , Roller Benjamin R. K. , Polz Martin F. , Manalis Scott R.
Published: July 2024

Eukaryotic phytoplankton, also known as algae, form the basis of marine food webs and drive marine carbon sequestration. Algae must regulate their motility and gravitational sinking to balance access to light at the surface and nutrients in deeper layers. However, the regulation of gravitational sinking remains largely unknown, especially in motile species. Here, we quantify gravitational sinking velocities according to Stokes’ law in diverse clades of unicellular marine microalgae to reveal the cell size, density, and nutrient dependency of sinking velocities. We identify a motile algal species,
Tetraselmis
sp., that sinks faster when starved due to a photosynthesis-driven accumulation of carbohydrates and a loss of intracellular water, both of which increase cell density. Moreover, the regulation of cell sinking velocities is connected to proliferation and can respond to multiple nutrients. Overall, our work elucidates how cell size and density respond to environmental conditions to drive the vertical migration of motile algae.
Suppression of antiferromagnetic order by strain-enhanced frustration in honeycomb cobaltate
Authors: Kim Gye-Hyeon , Park Miju , Samanta Subhasis , Choi Uksam , Kang Baekjune , Seo Uihyeon , Ji GwangCheol , Noh Seunghyeon , Cho Deok-Yong , Yoo Jung-Woo , Ok Jong Mok , Kim Heung-Sik , Sohn Changhee
Published: July 2024

Layered honeycomb cobaltates are predicted as promising for realizing the Kitaev quantum spin liquid, a many-body quantum entangled ground state characterized by fractional excitations. However, they exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures, hindering the expected quantum state. We demonstrate that controlling the trigonal distortion of CoO
6
octahedra is crucial to suppress antiferromagnetic order through enhancing frustration in layered honeycomb cobaltates. Using heterostructure engineering on Cu
3
Co
2
SbO
6
thin films, we adjust the trigonal distortion of CoO
6
octahedra and the resulting trigonal crystal field. The original Néel temperature of 16 kelvin in bulk Cu
3
Co
2
SbO
6
decreases (increases) to 7.8 kelvin (22.7 kelvin) in strained Cu
3
Co
2
SbO
6
films by decreasing (increasing) the magnitude of the trigonal crystal fields. The first-principles calculation suggests the enhancement of geometrical frustration as the origin of the suppression of antiferromagnetism. This finding supports the potential of layered honeycomb cobaltate heterostructures and strain engineering in realizing extremely elusive quantum phases of matter.
A CHip off the old block
Authors: Gatta Giusy Della , Pillai Asha
Published: July 2024

Lineage-specific effects of upstream promoters affect ST2 expression and effector function in T
H
1 cells.
Histone demethylation tones down leukemia through innate immunity
Authors: Monteleone Andre , Griffin Gabriel K.
Published: July 2024

Histone demethylation by PHF8 initiates innate immune signaling in acute myeloid leukemia, elucidating a novel therapeutic strategy.
Complete genomes of two
Variovorax
endophytes isolated from surface-sterilized alfalfa nodules
Authors: Hirsch Ann M. , Humm Ethan , Rubbi Mila , del Vecchio Giorgia , Ha Sung Min , Pellegrini Matteo , Gunsalus Robert P.
Published: July 2024

Variovorax
species catabolize a wide range of natural and industrial products and have been shown to be integral rhizosphere inhabitants. Here, we report the complete genomes of
V. paradoxus
2u118 and
V
. sp. SPNA7, which were isolated from alfalfa root nodules and possess plant growth-promoting properties.
Genome drafts of
Pseudogracilibacillus
spp. from soil and sediment of Mount Makiling, a dormant volcano in the Philippines
Authors: Tan Gana Noel H. , Ruz Cernan P. , Alcantara Edwin P. , Diaz Maria Genaleen Q. , Marfori Eufrocinio C. , Villegas Lucille C. , Creencia Armi R. , Arguelles Eldrin D. L. R. , Tan Gana Neil H. , Monsalud Rosario G. , Opulencia Rina B.
Published: July 2024

We present the draft whole-genome sequences of
Pseudogracilibacillus
spp. isolated from the soils and sediments of Sipit Creek located at Mount Makiling, a dormant volcano in the southern part of Luzon Island, Philippines. This P
seudogracilibacillus
spp. genome report extends the body of knowledge on a lesser-known genus of Bacillaceae.
Draft genome sequence of bacterium
Bacillus proteolyticus
strain IMGN4 from soil
Authors: Kim Yeongjun , Lee Sangmin , Kim Eunjeong , Han Jeong A. , Kim Eun Yu , Lee Ho-Seok
Published: July 2024

Here, we present the draft genome of
Bacillus proteolyticus
IMGN4, the gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium discovered in mountain Maemi, Republic of Korea in May 2019. The assembly resulted in 7 contigs, comprising a total of 6,063,502 base pairs and have 6,115 coding sequences.
Peculiarities of the Interstellar Dust Distribution in the Heliosphere Induced by the Time-Dependent Magnetic Field
Authors: Godenko E. A. , Izmodenov V. V.
Published: July 2024

Interstellar dust enters the heliosphere due to the relative motion of the Sun and the Local Interstellar Cloud, which contains the Sun. The dynamics of interstellar dust particles is governed mainly by the electromagnetic force. The direction of this force depends on the polarity of the heliospheric magnetic field. In turn, polarity is a function of position and time and depends on the orientation of the solar magnetic dipole axis relative to the solar rotation axis. Previously it was shown that for the case when the magnetic dipole axis coincides with the solar rotation axis, the electromagnetic force acting on dust particles is directed towards the solar equatorial plane in both the northern and southern solar hemispheres. As a result, under the influence of such a force, the distribution of interstellar dust becomes highly inhomogeneous and, in particular, thin regions of increased number density (caustics) are formed. The goal of this work is to study the nature of caustics for a more realistic time-dependent model, when it is assumed that the magnetic dipole axis rotates relative to the solar rotation axis with a period of 22 years in accordance with the 22-year solar cycle. In addition, the magnetic dipole axis rotates due to the rotation of the Sun with a period of 25 days. To calculate the dust number density, the Lagrangian Osiptsov method is used. The shape and evolution of the resulting caustics are examined and the physical mechanisms of their origin are discussed. It is shown that, when taking into account time-dependent effects, caustics appear only in certain phases of the 22-year solar cycle, and then disappear.
Long-term disease-free survival after MIBG therapy for metastatic pheochromocytoma
Authors: John Junita Rachel , Hephzibah Julie , Shanthly Nylla , Oommen Regi
Published: July 2024

Pheochromocytomas are rare tumours originating in chromafﬁn cells, representing 0.1%–1% of all secondary hypertension cases. The majority are benign and unilateral, characterised by the production of catecholamines and other neuropeptides. Mainly located in the adrenal gland, they are more frequent between the third and fifth decades of life. Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), a radiopharmaceutical agent used for scintigraphic localisation of pheochromocytomas, has been employed to treat malignant pheochromocytomas since 1983 in a few specialised centres around the world. We reviewed our clinical experience in one such case of a young lady who presented with history of abdominal pain, headache and lower back pain. On evaluation, ultrasonography revealed a right adrenal mass and elevated urine vanillylmandelic acid levels. Following surgical resection and histopathological confirmation of pheochromocytoma, MIBG scintigraphy revealed osseous metastases and hence, she underwent131I-MIBG therapy.
Virtual reality in functional neurological disorder: a theoretical framework and research agenda for use in the real world
Authors: Brouwer David , Morrin Hamilton , Nicholson Timothy R , Terhune Devin B , Schrijnemaekers Michelle , Edwards Mark J , Gelauff Jeannette , Shotbolt Paul
Published: July 2024

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and disabling condition at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Despite remarkable progress over recent decades, the mechanisms of FND are still poorly understood and there are limited diagnostic tools and effective treatments. One potentially promising treatment modality for FND is virtual reality (VR), which has been increasingly applied to a broad range of conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders. FND has unique features, many of which suggest the particular relevance for, and potential efficacy of, VR in both better understanding and managing the disorder. In this review, we describe how VR might be leveraged in the treatment and diagnosis of FND (with a primary focus on motor FND and persistent perceptual-postural dizziness given their prominence in the literature), as well as the elucidation of neurocognitive mechanisms and symptom phenomenology. First, we review what has been published to date on the applications of VR in FND and related neuropsychiatric disorders. We then discuss the hypothesised mechanism(s) underlying FND, focusing on the features that are most relevant to VR applications. Finally, we discuss the potential of VR in (1) advancing mechanistic understanding, focusing specifically on sense of agency, attention and suggestibility, (2) overcoming diagnostic challenges and (3) developing novel treatment modalities. This review aims to develop a theoretical foundation and research agenda for the use of VR in FND that might be applicable or adaptable to other related disorders.
Thrombus age does not differentiate between cardiogenic and atherosclerotic strokes
Authors: Schwarze Jens Jürgen , Schumann Sophie , Brandt Silvio , Dirsch Olaf , Rosengarten Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Objective

Interventional stroke therapy made thrombi available for histological analysis. Unfortunately, simple composition aspects such as erythrocyte versus fibrin/platelet rich did not allow a feasible allocation to thrombi’s cardiac or carotid origin. Since the mentioned criteria represent characteristics of thrombus age, we used established histological criteria for determining thrombus age in patients who had an atherosclerotic (TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute stroke Treatment) 1) stroke versus patients who had a cardioembolic (TOAST 2) stroke.

Methods

We assessed prospectively data from stroke patients presenting with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery eligible for catheter-based intervention. Besides patient characteristics and stroke workup, extracted thrombi were classified into different age categories according to their cellular to fibrotic transition. Thrombi were collected in an erythrocyte lysing solution to reduce acute clotting effects. Statistics were done with a non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

Results

170 patients were included, of which 50 (38 men; 73±12 years) had a TOAST 1 and 99 (59 women; 75±10 years) had a TOAST 2 categorised stroke. Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (13±7 vs 15±7), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (9±3 vs 9±2), Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score (2.9±0.2 vs 2.9±0.3), modified Rankin Score on discharge (3.2±2 vs 3.2±2), number of vascular risk factors (0.9±1.4 vs 1.0±1.1) or time span between symptom onset to reperfusion (266±115 vs 260±128 min) remained non-significant. Also, thrombus age did not differ between the groups. The mean age of thrombi was 5–8 days. However, the male–female ratio differed significantly (p<0.0005) between groups, with more men in TOAST 1 group and more women in TOAST 2 group.

Conclusion

Age aspects of thrombi seem not feasible to allow reliable source allocation. However, the young age of thrombi points to a rapid detachment. The difference in sex relation is in line with previous reports.
Mentalisation-based online intervention for psychologically distressed parents: protocol of a non-randomised feasibility trial of the Lighthouse Parenting Programme-Online (LPP-Online)
Authors: Georg Anna Katharina , Holl Julia , Taubner Svenja , Volkert Jana
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Online-based interventions provide a low-threshold way to reach and support families. The mentalisation-based Lighthouse Parenting Programme is an established intervention aimed at preventing psychopathological development in children. The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility of an online adaptation of the Lighthouse Parenting Programme (LPP-Online), evaluating (a) recruitment capability, compliance, acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention; (b) the psychometric properties of and the acceptability regarding the adjunct psychological evaluation; and (c) the employed materials and resources. The study will also obtain a preliminary evaluation of participants’ responses to the intervention.

Method and analysis

In this monocentric, one-arm, non-randomised feasibility trial, n=30 psychologically distressed parents with children aged 0 to 14 years will participate in the LPP-Online for a duration of 8 weeks. The intervention consists of online group sessions and individual sessions, 38 smartphone-based ecological momentary interventions (EMI), and psychoeducational materials (website, booklet). At baseline (T0) and the end of the intervention (T1), parents complete self-report questionnaires as well as 7-day ecological momentary assessments (EMA) via smartphone. During the intervention, additional EMA are completed before and after the daily EMI. An interview regarding parents’ subjective experience with the intervention will be conducted at T1. The feasibility of the intervention, the psychological evaluation and the resources will be examined using descriptive and qualitative analyses. The preliminary evaluation of the parents’ response to the intervention will be conducted by analysing pre–post changes in questionnaire measures and the 7-day EMA as well as data of additional EMA completed before and after the daily EMI.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval of the study has been obtained from the local ethics board (Faculty of Behavioural and Cultural Studies, University of Heidelberg). Consent to participate will be obtained before starting the assessments. Results will be disseminated as publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and at international conferences.

Registration details

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00027423), OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/942YW).
Guideline-based exercise management for hip and knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional comparison of healthcare professional and patient beliefs in Ireland
Authors: Toomey Clodagh M , Bhardwaj Avantika , Browne Jacqui , Dowling Ian , Grealis Stacey , Hayes Peter , Higgins Niall , Maguire Darragh , O’Hora John , Rector Joseph , Wood-Thornsbury Arianna , Kennedy Norelee
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To identify within-stakeholder agreement and between-stakeholder differences in beliefs regarding exercise for osteoarthritis among general practitioners (GPs), physiotherapists (PTs) and people with hip and knee osteoarthritis (PwOA). A secondary objective was to explore the association between referral patterns and beliefs of PwOA.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Online surveys administered to GPs, PTs and PwOA in Ireland via social media and healthcare networks.

Participants

421 valid responses (n=161 GPs, n=163 PTs, n=97 PwOA).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Nine belief statements related to exercise effectiveness, safety and delivery were rated on a 5-point Likert scale and analysed for within-stakeholder consensus. χ2tests assessed differences in agreement between groups. Multivariable linear regression models tested associations between beliefs in PwOA and referral to/attendance at physiotherapy.

Results

Positive within-stakeholder consensus (>75% agreement) was reached for most statements (7/9 GPs, 6/9 PTs, 5/9 PwOA). However, beliefs of PwOA were significantly less positive compared with healthcare professionals for six statements. All stakeholders disagreed that exercise is effective regardless of the level of pain. Attendance at physiotherapy (49% of PwOA), rather than referral to physiotherapy from a GP only, was associated with positive exercise beliefs for PwOA (β=0.287 (95% CI 0.299 to 1.821)).

Conclusions

Beliefs about exercise therapy for osteoarthritis are predominantly positive across all stakeholders, although less positive in PwOA. PwOA are more likely to have positive beliefs if they have seen a PT for their osteoarthritis. Knowledge translation should highlight the effectiveness of exercise for all levels of pain and osteoarthritis disease.
Health Outcomes around Pregnancy and Exposure to HIV/Antiretrovirals (HOPE) study protocol: a prospective observational cohort study of reproductive-aged women living with HIV
Authors: Kacanek Deborah , Yee Lynn M , Yao Tzy-Jyun , Lee Jessica , Chadwick Ellen G , Williams Paige L , Barr Emily A , Berman Claire A , Davtyan Mariam , DiPerna Alex , Flores Amanda , Green Jennifer , Haddad Lisa B , Hyzy Laurie , Jacobson Denise L , James-Todd Tamarra , Jao Jennifer , Khadraoui Anisa , Malee Kathleen M , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Patel Kunjal , Robinson Lisa-Gaye , Salomon Liz , Sanders Kimbrae , Siminski Suzanne , Smith Renee A , Wolbach Tracy , Powis Kathleen M
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Over 265 000 women are living with HIV in the USA, but limited research has investigated the physical, mental and behavioural health outcomes among women living with HIV of reproductive age. Health status during the reproductive years before, during and after pregnancy affects pregnancy outcomes and long-term health. Understanding health outcomes among women living with HIV of reproductive age is of substantial public health importance, regardless of whether they experience pregnancy. The Health Outcomes around Pregnancy and Exposure to HIV/Antiretrovirals (HOPE) study is a prospective observational cohort study designed to investigate physical and mental health outcomes of young women living with HIV as they age, including HIV disease course, engagement in care, reproductive health and choices and cardiometabolic health. We describe the HOPE study design, and characteristics of the first 437 participants enrolled as of 1 January 2024.

Methods and analysis

The HOPE study seeks to enrol and follow 1630 women living with HIV of reproductive age, including those with perinatally-acquired HIV, at 12 clinical sites across 9 US states and Puerto Rico. HOPE studies multilevel dynamic determinants influencing physical, mental and social well-being and behaviours of women living with HIV across the reproductive life course (preconception, pregnancy, post partum, not or never-pregnant), informed by the socioecological model. Key research areas include the clinical course of HIV, relationship of HIV and antiretroviral medications to reproductive health, pregnancy outcomes and comorbidities and the influence of racism and social determinants of health. HOPE began enrolling in April 2022.

Ethics and dissemination

The HOPE study received approval from the Harvard Longwood Campus Institutional Review Board, the single institutional review board of record for all HOPE sites. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals and lay summaries.
Understanding the physiological and biological response to ambient heat exposure in pregnancy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bonell Ana , Ioannou Leonidas G , Hirst Jane Elizabeth , Flouris Andreas
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Climate change increases not only the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme heat events but also annual temperatures globally, resulting in many negative health effects, including harmful effects on pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. As temperatures continue to increase precipitously, there is a growing need to understand the underlying biological pathways of this association. This systematic review will focus on maternal, placental and fetal changes that occur in pregnancy due to environmental heat stress exposure, in order to identify the evidence-based pathways that play a role in this association.

Methods and analysis

We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We will search PubMed and Ovid Embase databases from inception using tested and validated search algorithms. Inclusion of any studies that involve pregnant women and have measured environmental heat stress exposure and either maternal, placental or fetal physiological or biochemical changes and are available in English. Modelling studies or those with only animals will be excluded. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. Abstract screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be conducted by two independent reviewers.

Environmental parameters will be reported for each study and where possible these will be combined to calculate a heat stress indicator to allow comparison of exposure between studies. A narrative synthesis will be presented following standard guidelines. Where outcome measures have at least two levels of exposure, we will conduct a dose–response meta-analysis should there be at least three studies with the same outcome. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted where at least three studies give the same outcome.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review and meta-analysis does not require ethical approval. Dissemination will be through peer-reviewed journal publication and presentation at international conferences/interest groups.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024511153.
Understanding HIV care providers’ support for tobacco cessation among people living with HIV in Western Kenya: a formative qualitative study
Authors: Kwena Zachary Arochi , Bukusi Elizabeth A , Ongeri Linet , Shade Starley B , Vijayaraghavan Maya , Odhiambo Francesca A , Ogala Cirilus O , Cohen Craig R , Magati Peter , Olando Yvonne A , Rota Greshon , Chatterjee Purba , Osula Christine A , Nutor Jerry J , Bialous Stella S
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Healthcare providers are required to support people living with HIV (PLHIV) to quit tobacco use for improved health outcomes, but it is unclear to what extent they adhere to these requirements. We examined HIV care providers and PLHIV’s perceptions of support, and barriers, to providing tobacco cessation.

Methods

This qualitative investigation was part of a larger study seeking to integrate tobacco cessation into HIV care in Western Kenya (NCT05351606). We conducted 22 key informant interviews with HIV care providers and managers and four focus group discussions (n=28) with PLHIV. The interviews and discussions were audio-recorded, and audio files were transcribed and, when necessary, translated into English for coding and analysis.

Results

PLHIV rarely disclose or are screened for tobacco use unless a complaint or clinical finding prompts a provider. Despite PLHIV wanting to receive support to quit tobacco use, they feared negative reactions from their providers if they disclosed their tobacco use status. Providers cited several system-related barriers to screening for and providing cessation support for PLHIV, including workload pressure, lack of job aids, tobacco use screening not included as a performance indicator and lack of adequate counselling skills to address tobacco use.

Conclusions

PLHIV are not routinely screened for tobacco use despite their knowledge of the negative impact of tobacco use on overall health outcomes and desire to quit. System-related barriers hinder providers from providing cessation support. Providers should be trained and equipped with additional skills and resources to integrate tobacco cessation support into routine HIV care.
Tree species diversity in managed Acadian forests of Eastern Canada
Authors: White Timothy L. , Adams Greg W. , Taylor Anthony R. , Gagnon Rolland , Sherrill Josh R. , McCartney Andrew W.
Published: July 2024

Maintaining forest diversity is an important value in long range management planning. This study was conducted in the ecologically diverse Acadian forest region in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada across 1.65 million hectares of publicly owned (Crown) and privately owned (Freehold) land. Tree species diversity using Hill numbers was evaluated across 21 forest type/age class combinations (groups) using 1691 sample plots to assess tree species richness (0D), typical species (1D), and abundant species (2D). Across the entire study area there were 0D = 31.0 total tree species observed, 1D = 11.5 typical species, and 2D = 7.0 abundant species. Among the 21 forest types/age class combinations, the Hill numbers ranged from 0D = 16.0–28.3, 1D = 5.6–11.5, and 2D = 3.5–8.4. A comparison of public and private land ownerships showed minor differences in tree species diversity at the landscape level. More intensively managed forest types (e.g., planted stands and naturally regenerated stands with silvicultural interventions) had similar levels of landscape-scale tree species diversity as comparable forest stands receiving no silvicultural interventions. This suggests that current management practices are maintaining tree species diversity across the landscape and highlights the importance of tailored management regimes for different forest types to support this diversity.
On the dimensions of the graded space 𝔽2 ⊗𝒜𝔽2[x1,x2,…,xs] at degrees s + 5 and its relation to algebraic transfers
Authors: Võ Phúc Đặng
Published: July 2024

For the purposes of our analysis, we shall work with the Steenrod algebra [Formula: see text] over the field of two elements, [Formula: see text]. Our paper focuses on expanding the outcomes from our preceding study, which serves as Part I. Precisely, we will initially compute the dimension of the “cohit” space [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is defined as the graded polynomial ring [Formula: see text], for the specific case of [Formula: see text]. This computation will be carried out explicitly for the generic degree [Formula: see text], where t is a positive integer. We have developed a novel algorithm implemented in SageMath to compute the case where [Formula: see text]. We subsequently study the dimension of [Formula: see text] in degrees [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. One of our findings is the correction of some erroneous results in the previous work by Moetele and Mothebe. We, additionally, give an explicit formula for the dimension of [Formula: see text] in degree fourteen for all [Formula: see text] and in degree fifteen for all [Formula: see text]. We also describe a computational method implemented in SageMath to explicitly account for the number of spikes of degree [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text], applicable for all positive integers [Formula: see text]. In application, we examine W. Singer’s conjecture on the algebraic transfer of rank 5 in degrees [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] and of ranks [Formula: see text] in internal degrees d ranging from 13 to 15. Considering higher homological degrees, we analyze the behavior of the algebraic transfer of rank 7 in the generic degrees [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. We then demonstrate that the (in)decomposable elements [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are not in the image of the Singer transfer.
Rigidity of generalized Thurston’s sphere packings on 3-dimensional manifolds with boundary
Authors: Xu Xu , Zheng Chao
Published: July 2024

Motivated by Guo–Luo’s generalized circle packings on surfaces with boundary [Guo and Luo, Geom. Topol. 13(3) (2009) 1265–1312], we introduce the generalized Thurston’s sphere packings on 3-dimensional manifolds with boundary. Then we investigate the rigidity of the generalized Thurston’s sphere packings. We prove that the generalized Thurston’s sphere packings are locally determined by the combinatorial scalar curvatures. We further prove the infinitesimal rigidity that the generalized Thurston’s sphere packings cannot be deformed while keeping the combinatorial Ricci curvatures fixed.
Repair and Regeneration of Bone Tissue by Scaffold Implant — A Biomechanical Review
Authors: Nutini Alessandro , Tunç Sümeyye
Published: July 2024

The regeneration and repair of bone tissue is a multiphase process that requires a lot of attention, especially if stimulated through scaffold implantation. This review analyzes the process from both a biological and mechanical point of view through the analysis of the porosity and characteristics of the biomaterials that can provide optimal regeneration of bone tissue and functional vascularization that prevents implant failure. Particular attention is paid to the porosity of the new biomaterials and the related physiological effects and the angiogenesis process that the biomaterials themselves can stimulate, analyzing some of the works present in the literature.
Effect of preparation method on the microstructure and optical properties of Y2O3–MgO composite ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xi , Li Xiao , Yin Jun , Yu Shengquan , Wan Jing
Published: July 2024

Yttrium oxide–magnesium oxide (Y2O3–MgO) composite nanopowders were synthesized via three distinct methods: sol–gel, co-precipitation and glycine–nitrate process. The synthesized powders were calcined at various temperatures, and their microstructure, specific surface area and particle size were characterized. A comparative study was conducted to assess the impact of the synthesis method on the microstructure and transparency of the resulting ceramic sintering. Notably, the powder synthesized by the sol–gel technique exhibited the highest specific surface area and superior light transmittance, reaching a maximum of 85.33% at a wavelength of 5.31[Formula: see text]m.
Edge Vacancy Effects on Magnetic Behavior in Graphene-Like Nanostructure: Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: El Fdil R. , Sabbah Hussein , Fadil Z. , Raorane Chaitany Jayprakash , Salmani E. , Alsayyari Abdulrahman A. , Saadaoui S. , Ez-zahraouy H.
Published: July 2024

This study used Monte Carlo analysis to investigate how edge vacancies impact magnetic behavior in graphene-like nanostructures. The quantity and presence of edge vacancies intricately affected the magnetic response of the system. Moreover, the system displays an increased sensitivity to changes in coupling interaction and external magnetic field. This sensitivity may be due to the low number of atoms in the system. Furthermore, the hysteresis cycle area behavior was found to be influenced by both the temperature and the number of atoms in the system. The tunability and sensitivity of edge vacancies in graphene-like nanostructures hold great promise for innovations and advancements in nanotechnology.
Independence of linear spectral statistics and the point process at the edge of Wigner matrices
Authors: Banerjee Debapratim
Published: July 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a Wigner matrix of dimension [Formula: see text] with eigenvalues [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be an analytic function on [Formula: see text] with polynomial growth. It is known that Tr[[Formula: see text])]-E[Tr[[Formula: see text])]] converges in distribution to a normal random variable with mean [Formula: see text] and a finite variance depending on [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, it is also known that [Formula: see text] converges in distribution to the GOE Tracy widom law. In this paper we prove that whenever the entries of the Wigner matrix are sub-Gaussian, Tr[[Formula: see text])]-E[Tr[[Formula: see text])]] is asymptotically independent of the point process at the edge of the spectrum. Hence, one gets that [Formula: see text] and Tr[[Formula: see text])]-E[Tr[[Formula: see text])]] are asymptotically independent. The main ingredient of the proof is based on a recent paper by Banerjee [A new combinatorial approach for tracy–widom law of wigner matrices, preprint (2022), arXiv:2201.00300 ]. The result of this paper can be viewed as a first step to find the joint distribution of eigenvalues in the bulk and the edge.
Determinants and patterns of treating Hemorrhoid (JediJedi) in Ekiti state, Nigeria
Authors: Arogundade A. O. , Igbekoyi Kayode Emmanuel , Ijabadeniyi O. A.
Published: July 2024

Background to the study: Hemorrhoid is a common and unavoidable situation that cuts across all categories, irrespective of class, status, gender, educational attainment, spiritual or religious beliefs, and affiliations. Hemorrhoid is a benign anorectal disease which has affected millions of people across the globe.

Aim and objectives: The study investigates the determinants and patterns of treating hemorrhoids (Jedijedi) in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Materials and methods: The study is a survey research study in which a quantitative method was adopted. Multistage sampling was adopted in selecting 492 respondents from the general populace in Ekiti State. A questionnaire was used to collect data and it was analyzed and presented in frequency percentage.

Results: Religious beliefs do not determine patients’ choice of medication (49.0%), peer group determines the impact on patients’ choice of medication for Jedijedi treatment (53.3%), 53.0% affirmed that age determines the choice of treating Jedijedi, about 49% attested that gender determines their choice of treatment, and 41.6% confirmed that income determines their choice of hemorrhoid medication.

Conclusion: The study concluded that treatment pattern constructs have effects on the treatment of hemorrhoids (Jedijedi).

Recommendations: Government and relevant stakeholders should sensitize the public, and also encourage a wide lab test for local herbs.
Electrically assisted tension and cover forming of high-temperature Ti-55 titanium alloy
Authors: Liu Haijian , Li Tianle , Lei Yiwen , Yang Wenbing , Xu Xuefeng , Li Xifeng , Chen Jun
Published: July 2024

It is difficult to predict the material deformation behaviour in the electrically assisted forming process due to the low relevance for “electrical-thermal-force” of three-field coupling. In this study, a model for the “electrical-thermal-force” of three-field coupling was implemented using a commercial finite element (FE) software ABAQUS with the constitutive equation to simulate the tensile deformation and electrically assisted forming cover of Ti-55 alloy under the action of electric current. The effects of current density and temperature distribution on electrically assisted forming of Ti-55 alloy were studied based on the finite element method (FEM). The temperature gradient caused by the current density gradient is the fundamental reason for the nonuniform deformation within the gauge section. The feasibility of electrically assisted forming of Ti-55 alloy complex part was verified through experiments. Four typical areas in the Ti-55 alloy outer cover are similar ranging from 1091 MPa to 1136 MPa, and the plastic elongation is discrepant ranging from 14.8% to 21.4%. This study indicates that the electrically assisted forming process is an available method to produce complex components of difficult-to-deform alloys.
BERT-Inspired Progressive Stacking to Enhance Spelling Correction in Bengali Text
Authors: Banik Debajyoty , Das Saneyika , MARTHA SHESHIKALA , Shankar Achyut
Published: July 2024

Common spelling checks in the current digital era have trouble reading languages such as Bengali, which employ English letters differently. In response, we have created a better Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)–based spell checker that makes use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) sub-model (Semantic Network). Our novelty, which we term
progressive stacking
, concentrates on improving BERT model training while expediting the corrective process. We discovered that, when comparing shallow and deep versions, deeper models could require less training time. There is potential for improving spelling corrections with this technique. We categorized and utilized as a test set a 6,300-word dataset that Nayadiganta Mohiuddin supplied, some of which had spelling errors. The most popular terms were the same as those found in the Prothom-Alo artificial error dataset.
Effect of Excess Application of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Postharvest Quality of Spinach during Storage
Authors: Mahanti Naveen Kumar , Chakraborty Subir Kumar , Pathare Pankaj B.
Published: July 2024

The quality of vegetables depends upon the preharvest and postharvest practices. The preharvest practices include type, amount, form of fertilizers, harvesting period, growing season, and conditions that influence the yield of the crop and affect its chemical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. Moreover, postharvest practices such as storage conditions and processing methods also affect the quality of vegetables. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer (0–400 kg·N/ha) and storage conditions on the quality attributes of spinach leaves such as respiration rate, physiological loss in weight (PLW), chromatic properties, chlorophyll, puncture strength, TSS, pH, and nitrate during the storage studies. The respiration rate of leaves decreased with an increase in fertilizer dose. The a∗and ΔE values of spinach leaves significantly (p < 0.01) increased with an increase in storage temperature (T) and storage time (t) and decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with an increase in fertilizer dosage (F). The puncture strength (PS) of leaves significantly (p < 0.01) decreased with an increase in F, T, and t. The T, t, and their interaction had a significant (p < 0.05) negative effect on the chlorophyll content of spinach leaves for all treatments. However, the T, t, and their interaction had a significant (p < 0.01) positive effect on pH and PLW and a negative effect on the nitrate content. The colour change, nitrate, and chlorophyll degradation were higher with storage time for leaves which have a higher amount of nitrate content initially. The TSS, pH, PLW, and mechanical properties degradation were higher with storage time for leaves that initially had a lower amount of nitrate content. Therefore, application of the recommended dosage (as per the soil nutrient status) of nitrogen fertilizer can produce leaves with minimum nitrate content, and storage of leaves under refrigerated conditions can enhance the shelf life.
A Statistical Empirical Model and RSM‐Guided Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose from Invasive Weed Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby, through Chemical and Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Birhanu Meseret Zebeaman , Tadesse Mesfin Getachew , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar , Ahmed Ibrahim Nasser , Bachheti Archana
Published: July 2024

Senna didymobotrya is one of the emerging invasive weeds in East and South Africa. One of the solutions for weed management involves isolating cellulose and converting it into valuable materials. In this research, the isolation of cellulose was optimized by the Plackett‐Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology using Box‐Behnken design (BBD), both of which are statistical empirical models. The maximum isolated cellulose yield was 37.5% (w/w) using sulfuric acid 1.75% (w/v), sodium chlorite 3% (w/v) at pH of 3.5, and potassium hydroxide 6% (w/v) treatment. Each chemical treatment was done by heating the mixture at 90°C for 2 hrs. The cellulose yield obtained (37.5% (w/w)) was higher than the preoptimized value of 35.5% (w/w). The dewaxed powder of the weed, isolated cellulose, and commercial cellulose was characterized side by side for comparison using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA/DTA. All the characterizing methods indicated that the isolated material was cellulose. Even though the intensity of FTIR and XRD graphs of the isolated cellulose was higher than the commercial cellulose, the crystallinity index calculated from XRD analysis showed that the commercial cellulose (83%) was higher than the isolated cellulose (78%). The TGA/DTA indicates that the isolated cellulose and commercial cellulose had comparable thermal stability, both stable at up to 360°C. Therefore, using this optimized method, cellulose isolation from S. didymobotrya opens avenues for converting cellulose into valuable materials like carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose hydrogel, and cellulose nanocrystals.
Restoration Model for Cascading Overload Failure in Syncretic Railway Network
Authors: Zhong Qingwei , Liu Su , Guo Jingwei , Zhong Linfeng , Yao Zhihong
Published: July 2024

The different rail transit systems, such as regional railway and urban rail transit, cooperate to form the syncretic railway network (SRN). With the rapid development of SRN, the limited transportation capacity is inadequate to meet the booming passenger flow during peak hours, where cascading failures caused by large passenger flow become a threat to SRN. This paper adopts a state equation to depict the failure‐restoration process and investigates detailed restoration strategies considering the characteristics of recoverable and repeatable failures of stations. Specifically, three different restoration strategies—spontaneous restoration strategy (SRS), active restoration strategy (ARS), and hybrid restoration strategy (HRS)—are proposed, and the varying effects of restoration time, restoration probability, restoration objective, and restoration priority for SRN with ARS are compared. These restoration strategies are applied to the actual SRN in Chengdu, where it is found that HRS has a better effect than other strategies. Furthermore, stations in the metro network with higher passenger flow allocate more restoration resources to improve the robustness of SRN, while the restoration effect of SRN increases noticeably with the restoration coefficient and the reserve coefficient. The restoration strategies presented in this paper can improve the safety management of SRN.
Characteristics of Patients Who Drop Out of Anti‐Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Associated with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Kawakami Setsuko , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Watanabe Yoko , Umazume Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Kaori , Goto Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To investigate the dropout rate of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and identify the characteristics of dropout cases. Methods. We studied 235 eyes of 235 treatment‐naïve BRVO‐ME patients receiving intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Additional intravitreal anti‐VEGF drug was given when ME relapsed or persisted, and photocoagulation was performed as needed. Adherence until treatment completion was defined as disappearance of ME within 2 years after the first injection without recurrence for more than 6 months or mild ME remaining but no visual deterioration for more than 6 months without additional anti‐VEGF drug. In patients with ME recurrence, those who were followed for more than 2 years were considered adherence, and those followed for less than 2 years were considered dropout. The clinical course and background of the two groups were compared. Results. 179 patients (76.2%) adhered to treatment and 56 patients (23.8%) dropped out. Mean follow‐up periods in adherence and dropout groups were 23.4 and 7.1 months, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic and baseline factors of age, gender ratio, distance from home to hospital, visual acuity, and foveal thickness (FT). At the last follow‐up, visual acuity was significantly poorer in the dropout group than in the adherence group (0.23 vs. 0.11 logMAR, p = 0.003), and FT was significantly greater in the dropout group than in the adherence group (316 vs. 273 µm, p = 0.002). Reasons for dropout included patient declining further treatment in 12.5%, progression of dementia in 8.9%, others, and unknown in 64.3%. Conclusion. The clinical outcome of patients who dropped out of anti‐VEGF therapy for BRVO‐ME was worse compared to patients who adhered to therapy, and the reasons for discontinuation varied.
Table S4 from A Compound That Inhibits Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Controls Growth of Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Uo Takuma , Ojo Kayode K. , Sprenger Cynthia C.T. , Epilepsia Kathryn S. , Perera B. Gayani K. , Damodarasamy Mamatha , Sun Shihua , Kim Soojin , Hogan Hannah H. , Hulverson Matthew A. , Choi Ryan , Whitman Grant R. , Barrett Lynn K. , Michaels Samantha A. , Xu Linda H. , Sun Vicky L. , Arnold Samuel L.M. , Pang Haley J. , Nguyen Matthew M. , Vigil Anna-Lena B.G. , Kamat Varun , Sullivan Lucas B. , Sweet Ian R. , Vidadala Ram , Maly Dustin J. , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Plymate Stephen R.
Published: July 2024

Table S4 shows screening results of BKIDCs tested at 10 µM in LNCaP95 and PC3 cells in the MTS assay.