bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
697 – Prevalence of ADHD in a French Community Sample of 892 Children: Results from the Chip-ARD Study
Authors: Caci H. , Morin A.J.S. , Bouchez J. , Baylé F.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

In many European countries including France, awareness for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is increasing. Unfortunately, estimates of prevalence based on validated instruments and reasonably large and representative samples are still lacking in many of these countries.

Aims:

This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of ADHD in school-aged children based on teacher ratings of the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS-IV) and of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms scale of the Normal-Behavior (SWAN). These scales differ in item wording and scoring, and have both been extensively validated.

Methods:

892 youths aged from 5 to 18 are included in the present study. Maximum-likelihood prevalence rates were estimated (based on recommended scoring criteria) in the entire sample and in gender (boys vs. girls) and age (below and above 12 years-old) subgroups.

Results:

Using the ADHD-RS, 10.65% of youths might have ADHD (4.37% Predominantly Inattentive subtype, 3.36% Combined subtype and 2.91% Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive subtype). Boys were more affected than girls (sex ratio 1.4:1), children were more affected than adolescents, and ADHD girls were more likely to be of the Inattentive subtype. Using the SWAN, 2.25% of youths might have ADHD (1.13% Combined subtype, .90% Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive subtype, .34% Predominantly Inattentive subtype). No overall differences between genders were observed, children were more affected than adolescents, and ADHD boys were more likely to be of hyperactive-impulsive subtype.

Conclusion:

There are true differences according to the rating scales. Teacher ratings provide useful information that also has to be combined with parental and clinical ratings.
702 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Battered Women by their Partners
Authors: Rivas-Diez R. , Sánchez-López M.D.P. , Rodrigo-Holgado I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Violence gender has caused considerable social alarm. Better awareness of the characteristics and problems of the female victims is necessary to be able to provide adequate psychological attention.

Objectives:

To identify the specific characteristics of PTSD in female victims of gender violence, stating what are the symptoms of this disorder are usually present, identify some of the most important variables that characterize women seeking assistance this problem.

Aims:

The goal of this study is examining PTSD in battered women.

Methods:

Participants: 100 Chilean and 170 Spanish battered women.

Instruments:

- Semi-structured interview for victims of abuse: assesses sociodemographic characteristics of victims and circumstances of abuse, it was designed for this research.

- The PTSD Symptoms Severity Scale (Echeburúa et al., 1997): assesses the severity and intensity of the symptoms of this disorder according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV-TR in victims of different traumatic events.

Results:

The results show that the most typical symptoms of PTSD are: re-experiencing (the presence of unpleasant and recurring memories about the abuse and psychological and physiological distress on recalling the events); avoidance symptoms (avoidance of thoughts, feelings or conversations related to what has been experienced, loss of interest in significant activities and restriction of emotional life); and hyperactivation symptoms (permanent state of hypervigilance and startle response).

Conclusions:

This data will be useful to understand the problems and consequences of abuse and to target interventions to be made to alleviate the plight of these women in cases where it appears PTSD.
706 – 110 Years after First Report of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Childhood - Where do we Stand?
Authors: Teixeira J. , Carvalho I. , Pires P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

First case report of paediatric obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was presented by Janet in 1903. Since then many more reports of OCD in children and adolescents have been published. OCD in adult patients has been studied in the last decades but studies for pediatric OCD only began in the last 20 years.

Objectives:

To review the most recent knowledge on the characteristics, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of pediatric OCD.

Methods:

Review literature published on MEDLINE/Pubmed database in English language using “obsessive compulsive disorder in childhood”, “obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents”, “OCD in childhood”, “OCD in children and adolescents” and “pediatric OCD” as key-words.

Results:

OCD is common among children and adolescents, with prevalence of 1-3% that often becomes a chronic condition. OCD onset has a bimodal age distribution with one peak at age 11 and other peak in early adulthood. There is a male preponderance in affected children, high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders mainly with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, higher familiality and higher rates of aggressive/harm obsessions and religious obsessions. The current etiologic model most commonly accepted points to a dysfunction of cortico-striato-thalamic loops. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and a combination of CBT with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor are the treatments of choice for pediatric OCD.

Conclusions:

Pediatric OCD seems to be an OCD subtype with similarities but also with important differences from adultonset OCD. Further research is still needed to better elucidate the genetics and the exact pathophysiology of pediatric OCD.
707 – Spirituality and its Relationship with Personality and Suicidality in Depressed People - Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mihaljevic S. , Aukst Margetic B. , Karnicnik S. , Vuksan-Ćusa B.
Published: July 2013

The relationship between spirituality and personality is complex in the patients with depression. Some considerations precede that concept of spirituality is based in personality and mediate some of the effects of personality on mental health (e.g. suicidal risk). Here we examined the associations between spirituality (measured by WHO-SRPB), depression (measured by Beck Depression Inventory), suicidal risk (measured by Beck Hopelessnes Scale), and temperament and character dimensions (measured by Temperament and Character Inventory) in 74 patients with depressive disorder. Our data indicate that spirituality had a positive association with depression and suicidal risk, and presented as predictor of lower depressive symptoms and suicidality. Further, the dimension Self- directedness is associated with patients spiritual resources. As it emphasises patient' level of personality maturation, including of spiritual issues in therapeutic process with patients should be further explored.
715 – Medication and Psychosomatic
Authors: Asadolahi F.
Published: July 2013

Psychosomatic medication is one of the branches of medicate sciences which depend on mental and physicals cohesiveness and uniqueness, studies disease and therapies. Psychosomatic diseases are physical diseases that mental factors are effective on their beginning and increasing. It doesn't give this concept that only mental factors are intervene in producing these disturbances, but also other factors are involved. However, mental factors act as speeding factors or catalyzers. Mental disturbances had not been making suddenly, first they appear like signs such as vomiting, heartbeat, blood pressure and mental shocks and stresses influence on individual and their collective influence gradually and cause appearance of psychosomatic diseases. Many people suffered from this disease, must follow a balanced, healthy life-style or change or balance their non-adaptable personality traits and behavior models by professional therapists with use of psychotherapy, group therapy and family therapy. Thus, people suffered psychosomatic diseases experience more meaning full, important mental stresses rather than healthy and normal people. One of the controlling ways of this disease is the correct reaction of individual toward stresses and changing external factors or life environment in therapy of psychosomatic disturbances, use drug-therapy such as tranquilizers and anti-depressions. One of the other therapy methods is “focus on case “of “Carl rogers” that cures the patient indirectly. This method depends on decrease the amount of defensive reactions of patient and reinforces its insight.
720 – Urban Insecurity and Fear of Crime. A Study among Patients with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
Authors: Spattini L. , Landi G. , Visentini C. , De Rosa C. , Fiorillo A. , Ferrari S. , Mattei G.
Published: July 2013

Background:

There has been an increased interest on the role of urban security and fear of crime on mental health of the general population, but there are not studies about this among patients with minor psychiatric disorders.

Objectives:

Assess patients’ fear of crime and perceived urban insecurity.

Aim:

To,

1) evaluate the association between perceived urban insecurity and crime, and minor psychiatric disorders;

2) identify subgroups of patients with high levels of perceived urban insecurity and fear of crime.

Method:

A sample of 24 patients with depressive or anxiety disorders attending outpatient services was collected. Patients consenting to the study underwent a battery of psychometric instruments. This study is part of a national multicentric study that enrolled 426 subjects.

Results:

The sample was mainly composed by females (83%), cohabiting (58%), employed (54%). Patients were more frequently diagnosed with dysthymia (54%) had an average GAF score of 73 (SD=8,44), an average GHQ-12 of 17.33 (SD =3,95). 41% reported high level of insecurity or fear and 58% stated that their worries were increased compared to 10 years earlier. Reported reasons for this were mostly ‘decrease of social security’ and ‘loss of values’. 12.5% of the sample reported of having been victim of a theft or vandalism.

Conclusions:

The results of this study are not only useful to understand the role of fear of crime in the onset and relapses of minor psychiatric disorders, but they can also help to plan psychiatrists’ and Public Health's interventions in order to prevent them.
725 – Cultural Issues in Anxiety Disorders: Some Particularities of Iranian Culture
Authors: Malekian A. , Ahmadzadeh G. , Afshar H.
Published: July 2013

Anxiety disorders occur in all human societies ; yet there are cross- cultural variations in the symptomatology, prevalence, the etiologically contributing bio-psycho-social factors and the social responses to the symptoms and their management. Iran has a heterogeneous population with numerous subcultures bounded closely to each other through the common history, language, Old Persian culture and the similarities in their impressing experiences as a nation.

In the format of a narrative review article, here we intend to induce a minimal insight into a few areas of particularity of anxiety disorders in Iranian culture. We will focus on the examples of socio-cultural factors affecting the source of distress, helpseeking behaviors, symptom presentation and treatment of these disorders in Iran.
733 – Neural Bases of Flexible Behaviours during Social Interaction: Role of the Prefrontal Cortex and Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors in Mice Models
Authors: Chabout J. , Serreau P. , Granon S.
Published: July 2013

We have developped a behavioral method to study flexible behaviors and decision-making processes during social behaviors in mice. In this framework, we can manipulate the motivational level of animals for social versus novelty exploration rewards in order to focus on the interface between efficient decisions when different motivations compete. In addition, we have recently studied some of the behavioral correlates of the social behaviors, in particular, we will show here data concerning ultrasonic acoustic communication -USVs- in social versus non social context. We will discuss the fact that USVs reflect the emotional and motivational state of mice.

We performed several studies for the past ten years showing that mice make flexible choices that allow them to satisfy both social and exploratory motivations. We will illustrate here our data showing that the prefrontal cortex is needed for such choices, like it is the case in humans. We will also show that functional neuronal nicotinic receptors, specifically within the prefrontal cortex, are necessary for emergence of adapted choices. Novel and unpublish data showing the interaction between noradrenergic and nicotinic systems in the prefrontal for these behaviors will also be provided.
763 – Childhood Autism, ADHD, and Mercury Exposures: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Yoshimasu K.
Published: July 2013

Although a number of epidemiologic studies have been conducted to clarify the associations between mercury exposures during embryo or early infancy and later incidences of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the conclusion still remains unclear. Those mercury exposure sources could be roughly divided into two patterns; i.e., vaccines thimerosal that contains ethylmercury and other environmental sources. Meta-analyses using those relevant publications revealed that those environmental mercury exposures during embryo or early infancy were not significantly associated with an increased risk of ASD or ADHD (the summary odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95%CI 0.84-1.27 for ASD by thimerosal exposures, OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.87-1.20 for ADHD/ADD by thimerosal exposures, and OR 1.02, 95%CI 0.75-1.39 for ASD by other environmental exposures). However, given that some epidemiologic studies have reported adverse effects of mercury compounds on childhood neurodevelopmental functions, such as intelligence quotient (IQ), it might be more appropriate to evaluate ASD or ADHD as continuous variable rather than categorical classification defined by diagnostic criteria, which might lead to detect subtle effects of such mercury compounds on deterioration of ASD or ADHD estimated as ‘spectrum’ disorders.
773 – “Dear Child has Many Names”
Authors: Mucic D.
Published: July 2013

Telemedicine became a mutual part of daily work for colleagues within variety of medical specialties. However, mental health care professionals were a bit slower in acceptance and practice of care provision on distance.

It seems that it is about time to define the terms that often are in use interchangeably, but in fact are not synonymous. It is necessary to operate with common accepted terminology in order to avoid misunderstandings that might lead to lack in potential collaboration which eventually may affect mental health care provision.

That is why it is important to make an overview of various terms, such as i.e. Internet, world wide web, e-health, e-therapy, online counselling, Internet-based therapy, telemental health, e-mental health etc. A brief timeline highlighting some of the major occurrences over the past 50 years that have shaped the Internet of today, will be presented aside with challenges and limitations of the technology.
777 – The Impact of Stressful Life Events on the Functionality of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Güneş G. , Tiryaki A. , Özkorumak E. , Ak İ.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Clinical symptoms, functional recovery and stressful life events of patients with schizophrenia were evaluated to investigate the relationship between life events and functional recovery.

Methods:

Fifty-three subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia in the remission period were enrolled in the study. Three interviews each at 3 months interval were made with the participants. the participants were evaluated with socio-demographic data form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale at the baseline, third and sixth month interview. the number of stressful life events were determined according to Life Events List.

Results:

There was no significant change in the PANNS scores measured at the baseline and follow interview (p>0.05). Depression scores were significantly increased at the follow interviews(p< 0.05). This significant increase mostly resulted from the difference between the baseline and final interview scores. the number of stresful life events and functional recovery were found to be negatively correlated with a medium level of significance at the third month (p< 0.05). There was a negative relationship between the number of life events and functional recovery at the sixth month but it did not reach to a statistical significance (p>0.05). A significant relationship and a negative correlation was found between functional recovery and depression scores at both the baseline and third month interviews (p< 0.05). This relationship was not significant at the sixth month (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

Stresfull life events in remitted schizophrenia patients reduces functionality over depressive symptomatology without affecting positive and negative symptoms.
791 – Dual Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse: The Need for Awareness
Authors: Rady A. , Salama H. , Elkholy O. , Shawky A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

The dual diagnosis of substance abuse and severe mental illness has been proposed by some authors to highlight the high frequency of such association. Our objectif was to determine the prevalence of dual diagnosis among mentally ill patients and and particularly schizophrenic patients. as a secondary purpose, to describe the profile of patient at higher risk to develop dual diagnosis.

Method:

683 mentally ill patients were recruited from el Mamoura Psychiatric Hospital, they were assessed by the Arabic version of 6 item K6 scale, those scoring above 13 were submitted to a structured clininical interview SCID-I module for schizophrenia, urine screening for drugs of abuse and complete history of substance abuse and other medical disciplines.

Results:

22% of the sample fulfill the diagnosis of dual diagnosis. 28.99% of the sample were schizophrenic, 16.67% among the later were fulfilling diagnosis of dual diagnosis. Results reveals higher risk for dual diagnosis in patients younger in age, single, low socioeconomic state and low level of education. Those having dual diagnosis tend to have early onset, longer duration of illness, poor compliance, higher rate of smoking and increased number of relapses.

Conclusion:

Double diagnosis is an important issue that needs more focus in mental health services. Awareness of mental health providers about dual diagnosis is highly recommended.
792 – Dual Diagnosis of Mood Disorder and Substance Abuse: The Need for Awareness
Authors: Rady A. , Salama H. , Elkholy O. , Shawky A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

The dual diagnosis of substance abuse and severe mental illness has been proposed by some authors to highlight the high frequency of such association. Our objectif was to determine the prevalence of dual diagnosis among mentally ill patients and and particularly mood disorder patients. as a secondary purpose, to describe the profile of patient at higher risk to develop dual diagnosis.

Method:

683 mentally ill patients were recruited from el Mamoura Psychiatric Hospital, they were assessed by the Arabic version of 6 item K6 scale, those scoring above 13 were submitted to a structured clininical interview SCID-I module for mood disorder, urine screening for drugs of abuse and complete history of substance abuse and other medical disciplines.

Results:

22% of the sample fulfill the diagnosis of dual diagnosis. 39.68% of the sample had mood disorder, 17.71% among the later were fulfilling diagnosis of dual diagnosis. No difference between MDD and Bipolar disorder regarding rate of dual diagnosis. Results reveals higher risk for dual diagnosis in patients younger in age, single, low socioeconomic state and low level of education. Those having dual diagnosis tend to have early onset, longer duration of illness, poor compliance, higher rate of smoking and increased number of relapses.

Conclusion:

Double diagnosis is an important issue that needs more focus in mental health services. Awareness of mental health providers about dual diagnosis is highly recommended.
803 – Correlates of Cannabis use Disorders among Bipolar Outpatients Enrolled in the Bipolar Expert Centers French Network
Authors: Icick R. , Guillaume S. , Gard S. , Desage A. , Barde M. , Henry C. , Bellivier F. ,   The BIPADD Group of FACE
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Bipolar disorder (BIPD) is a chronic and disabling illness with frequent comorbid addictive disorders (ADD). Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use disorders (CUD) in that population.

Objectives:

We sought to characterize clinical, sociodemographic, childhood trauma and psychological correlates associated with CUD in bipolar patients.

Aims:

Our main hypothesis was that BIPD + CUD patients would be more impulsive and affectively unstable than those without.

Methods:

Patients enrolled in a French national network underwent a thorough assessment including lifetime diagnoses using the SCID-IV questionnaire and measures of current symptomatology (Altman and MADRS), impulsivity (BIS-10), emotional instability (AIM and ALS), hostility (BDHI) and history of childhood trauma (CTQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify specific associations between several correlates and CUD status.

Results:

Among the 718 patients included, 414 (57.7%) were women, with a mean age of 43 years, and 546 (76.4%) were diagnosed with type I bipolar disorder and 190 (26.9%) had at least one lifetime substance use disorder. CUD were associated with lifetime history of suicidal behavior, psychotic symptoms during an affective episode, rapid cycling and CTQ sub-scores, clinical and psychological dimensions. Parts of these associations remained after controlling for comorbid alcohol use disorders.

Conclusions:

These results suggest a high prevalence of CUD in BIPD, which was associated with a higher severity and worse outcomes of illness. Although the retrospective nature of this study prevents causal interpretations, our results suggest that at-risk traits among CUD+BIPD patients may induce these clinical features.
807 – the Relationship Between Ward Occupancy Level and Staff-to-patient Ratio and Incidents of Aggressive Behavior on An Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit in Iran
Authors: Motamedi B. , Pak M.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Violence in psychiatric wards is common, and it is on the rise. This study examined the relationship between ward occupancy level and staff-to-patient ratio and incidents of aggressive behavior, both physical and verbal, on an acute inpatient unit in Iran.

Methods:

Logistic regression was used to analyze data collected from the ward's log of adverse incidents and the ward census over a 12-month period. A physical incident was defined as an unwelcome physical contact or willful damage to property. Incidents of self-harm were excluded. Verbal aggression was any threat of physical or sexual harm.

Results:

Among 381 admissions during the study period, 58 incidents were recorded--25 incidents of verbal aggression and 33 incidents of physical violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that the occupancy level was positively associated with the occurrence of any type of violent incident. the average occupancy level when an incident occurred was 77 percent, compared with 69 percent when no incidents occurred. the average occupancy level was significantly higher when verbal incidents occurred (80 percent) than when physical incidents occurred (70 percent). No association was found between violence and staff-to-patient ratio. Incidents were significantly more likely to occur during the afternoon shifts (3 p.m. to 11 p.m.).

Conclusions:

Crowding was found to be significantly associated with aggressive incidents, and in particular with verbal aggression.
828 – Smoking Cessation in Pregnant Women with Mental Disorders: A Cohort and Nested Qualitative Study
Authors: Howard L. , Rowe M. , Bewley S. , Marteau T. , Demilew J.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To investigate whether 1) pregnant smokers with mental disorders are less likely to accept referrals to smoking cessation services compared to pregnant smokers without disorders; 2) they experience specific barriers to smoking cessation.

Design:

Cohort study supplemented by cross-sectional survey and nested qualitative study.

Setting:

Three maternity services, London, UK

Population:

Pregnant smokers with and without mental disorders.

Methods:

Case notes were examined on a cohort of 400 consecutive pregnant smokers; data were triangulated with routinely collected data on 845 pregnant smokers at 2 other sites; 27 pregnant smokers were interviewed using qualitative methods.

Main outcome measures:

Acceptance of referral to smoking cessation services; Perceived barriers to quitting.

Results:

Pregnant smokers with a mental disorder recorded by midwives were a quarter of the cohort (97, 23%), were more likely to accept referral to smoking cessation services (69% vs 56%, AOR 1.70), but more likely to still smoke at delivery (69% vs 56% AOR 2.63). Discussion about smoking was documented in 7.7% of subsequent antenatal visits in women with or without mental disorders. Pregnant smokers with diagnosed mental disorders reported that they and health practitioners did not prioritise smoking advice due to concern about adversely impacting mental health.

Conclusions:

Pregnant women with mental disorders appear more motivated, yet find it more difficult, to stop smoking. Prioritisation of mental health over smoking may thus lead to increasing health inequality for this group. Research into effective smoking cessation interventions is required for those with mental disorders.
839 – Sloreta Findings In Patients With Panic Disorder, Changes After Combined Therapy - Pilot Study
Authors: Kamaradova D. , Prasko J. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Latalova K. , Sigmundova Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Panic disorder is frequent psychiatric disorder characterized by sudden and unexpected onset of a panic attack, characterized by terror or impending doom, and associated with many somatic symptoms. Panic is considered as a state of hyperarousal, the EEG has had a prominent place in anxiety studies. sLORETA (standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) is now widely used research method investigating the electrical activity of the brain with zero localization error and ability to reconstruct multiple resources.

Objectives

EEG may be useful toll in looking for predictors to therapeutic response.

Aims

The study aimed at finding electrotomographic differences between patients with panic disorder who respond to combined therapy.

Method

We measured patients with Panic disorder. Diagnosis was confirmed by M.I.N.I. (MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview). Patients were treated both by psychotropics and CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) for six week. The symptoms intensity was assessed using BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and BDI (Beck Depression Inventory). They were also examined by EEG. It was measured in rest state with closed eyes, using standard 10-20 montage with 19 electrodes. Measurements were carried out at the beginning and after 6 weeks of therapy.

Results

We found decreased absolute power in alfa-2 (10.5 - 12 Hz) activity in anterior cingulated, and increased absolute power in beta-3 (21.5 - 30 Hz) activity in superior frontal gyrus.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that cognitive behavioural psychotherapy can cause changes in brain activity.

Supported by

IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
852 – Family Climate, Expressed Emotion, And Parental Attitudes In Families Of Alcoholics
Authors: Cosci F. , Bertoli G. , Berrocal C. , Londi I. , Patussi V. , Sirigatti S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Parental alcoholism may lead to adverse psychological outcomes for those who grow up in such family environments.

Objectives

Several studies show that children of alcoholics (COAs) live in family climates characterized by conflict, unpredictability, and manifestations of contempt. Moreover, COAs are exposed to a high level of expressed emotion due, for instance, to threats and denigration.

Aims

We compared a group of COAs with a group of non COAs measuring the family climate, the level of expressed emotion and the parental attitudes on the basis of both children and parents' point of view.

Methods

25 COAs (mean age 17,8 ± 3,3 years) and 25 non COAs (mean age 18,3 ± 3,3 years), matched for age and sex, were evaluated in the frame of an observational naturalistic study design. Self-administered rating scales were used to assess the level of expressed emotion in the family (Level of Expressed Emotion Scale - LEES), the parental (Parental Attitudes Scales - PAD) and family (Family Attitudes Questionnaire - FAQ) attitudes.

Results

The two groups did differ for FAQ total score and for the FAQ subscale assessing the relation between parents. They also differed for the level of expressed emotion (i.e., LEES total score) and for the LEES subscale assessing tolerance and expectations.

Conclusions

COAs are characterized by the perception of a negative family climate that is primarily expressed in terms of conflict and deterioration of relationship between parents.
856 – Early Detection Of Depression In Children And Adolescents: The New Children's Depression Screener (child-s) And The Depression Screener For Teenagers (desteen)
Authors: Allgaier A.-K. , Dolle K. , Pietsch K. , Frühe B. , Saravo B. , Schulte-Körne G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Depression in children and adolescents is still underdiagnosed. Valid and brief screening-tools for these age groups are missing.

Objective

For children and adolescents in particular, we developed the screening-tools ChilD-S and DesTeen and assessed their validity as opposed to established instruments.

Methods

Both screeners were validated in a paediatric (228 children, 316 adolescents) and a clinical sample (77 children, 87 adolescents). Gold standard for validation were ICD-10 diagnoses of a depressive episode or dysthymia based on a structured interview. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under the curve (AUC) and the cut-offs with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity were computed. In addition, it was examined whether the instruments differed significantly in validity measures.

Results

Point-prevalences were 5.3% (children) and 9.8% (adolescents) in paediatric care and 23.5% and 26.1% in clinical care.The 8-item ChilD-S yielded AUCs of 98% and 93% in the paediatric and in the clinical sample. Sensitivities were 100% and 94%, with specificities of 87% and 78%.The abbreviated 6-item DesTeen showed an AUC of 95% in both settings. Sensitivities were 100% and 91% in the paediatric and in the clinical sample, specificities were 82% and 89%. Being even shorter, the two screening-tools performed equally well or better than the established instruments.

Conclusions

The ChilD-S and the DesTeen discriminate well between depression and depression-like symptoms in somatic diseases as well as between depression and other forms of mental disorders. Valid and brief, they can both be recommended for usage in paediatric and clinical settings.
865 – Effects Of Repeated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tdcs) On Addiction-related Behaviors In Mice: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Pedron S. , Monnin J. , Andrieu P. , Nicolier M. , Jacquot L. , Millot J.-L. , Sechter D. , Risold P.-Y. , Haffen E. , Van Waes V.
Published: July 2013

This study was part of a wider translational project on the efficacy of tDCS in the treatment of major depression and in attempts to facilitate alcohol and smoking cessation. tDCS is a non- invasive, painless and safe brain stimulation procedure capable of modulating cortical excitability. Preliminary clinical studies have indicated that tDCS applied over the dorsal prefrontal cortex of chronically dependent smokers and alcohol users reduces their desire for smoking and drinking, respectively. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. We have developed a model of tDCS in mice that mimics the experimental paradigms used in our clinical research. Anodal tDCS is applied transcranially over the frontal cortex (2 x 20 min/day current for 5 consecutive days, intensity = 0.2 mA). The control group undergoes the same procedure but no current is applied. We evaluated the effects of tDCS on nicotine and alcohol consumption as well as on the rewarding effects of these two drugs of abuse. We assessed the impact of tDCS on stress-related, anxiety-related and depression-related behaviors. We tested the effects of tDCS on mice that had been chronically exposed to nicotine during adolescence. Chronic exposure to nicotine induced depression-like behavior in adult mice. It is thought that this depression- like state may be a symptom of withdrawal that facilitates relapse after abstinence. Our data indicate that tDCS reversed behavioral anomalies. In conclusion, our animal model has potential value as a means for exploring the neurobiological changes that underlie the beneficial effects of tDCS on addiction-related behaviors.
869 – Infections During Pregnancy And After Birth, And The Risk Of Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Register-based Study Utilizing a Danish Historic Birth Cohort
Authors: Abdallah M.W. , Hougaard D.M. , Nørgaard-Pedersen B. , Grove J. , Bonefeld-Jørgensen E.C. , Mortensen E.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Mounting evidence suggests that immune dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, several studies have reported that congenital and postnatal infections may contribute to the neurobiological basis of ASD.

Aims/objectives

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between infections during pregnancy and after birth, and ASD.

Methods

A case-control study design was adopted. Both cases and controls were retrieved from a historic birth cohort (HBC) maintained at Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen/Denmark and were followed up retrospectively during pregnancy and after birth over four pre-defined periods. Study subjects were followed-up utilizing Danish nation-wide health registers for outpatient and hospital admissions due to infections. Associations between infections and ASD were analyzed using Mantel- Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression models.

Results

In total, 414 ASD cases and 820 controls were followed-up during pregnancy and a mean 16.3 years after birth. Crude, but not adjusted estimates showed that ASD cases had an increased risk of hospital admission due to infection at the end of the first year of life (OR = 1.48 [range: 1.07-2.05], P = 0.02) and at the end of the follow-up period (OR = 1.30 [range: 1.02-1.64], P = 0.03).

Conclusion

The present findings indicate that infections have a potential role in the pathophysiology of ASD; however, further studies are necessary to determine if infections etiologically contribute to ASD or if they act as an epiphenomenon due to distorted immunity in children with ASD.
872 – Characteristics Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Patients With An Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wieland J. , Wardenaar K.J. , Dautovic E. , Zitman F.G.
Published: July 2013

Background

People with an intellectual disability (ID) are likely to experience traumatic events and more vulnerable to its disruptive effects and thus to post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Little is known about how these PTSDs present themselves in patients with ID and whether this presentation differs from patients without an ID.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to compare PTSD symptomatology in psychiatric outpatients with borderline to mild ID and outpatients without ID in naturalistic out-patient samples from psychiatric secondary care.

Subjects and methods

From June 1th 2010 to March 15th 2012, 56 patients were diagnosed with PTSD. Using Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM), 45 patients (80.4%) had complete data on both the Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). They were compared to 45 gender- and age-matched non-ID patients diagnosed with PTSD in the same period.

Results

Preliminary results show that there are some small differences in general psychological symptom patterns between ID and non-ID patients with PTSD as shown on the subscales obsession-compulsion, psychoticism and depression of the BSI. On the IES-R, there was no difference between ID and non-ID patients. There was no difference in symptomatology between patients with borderline or mild ID.

Conclusion

PTSD symptomatology does not differ in ID patients compared to non-ID patients. Consequently, ID patients deserve the same evidence based care.
878 – Self-harm Patients In General Hospital: Prevalence Of Maladaptive Personality Traits
Authors: Tay A.T.S. , Cheng S.E.T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Self-harm patients utilize many resources. This is especially so for those with underlying maladaptive personality traits, which, have not been examined locally.

Aim

To estimate the prevalence of maladaptive personality traits in self-harm patients.

Methodology

A 5-months cross sectional study was conducted at Changi General Hospital (CGH). English-speaking patients over 21 years old admitted for self-harm behavior were recruited into our study after being referred to our consultation liaison team. The ICD-10 (WHO 1993) was used for psychiatric diagnoses, and the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 version screening questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 21 were administered. STATA version 10.1 was used for statistical analyses.

Results

Of all patients referred, forty patients were eligible and 37 of them consented to participate in the study. All participants were screened positive for at least one class of maladaptive personality traits, with the majority (89.19%) being screened positive for more than 1 class of maladaptive traits. The three most prevalent classes of maladaptive traits were anankastic (75.68%), schizoid (67.57%) and paranoid (62.16%). More than three quarters (78.38%) of the participants had 3 or more classes of maladaptive traits.

Conclusions

Maladaptive personality traits are common and inherent in self-harm patients, with majority of them exhibiting anankastic, schizoid and paranoid traits in this study. Understanding the nature of maladaptive traits in self-harm patients can help us in tailoring future interventions towards such self-harm behavior to bring about improvements in psychiatric care, reduction of self-harm frequency and reduce health care cost.
882 – Evaluation Of Sense Of Humor In Schizophrenia As Such And Affected By Treatment: Abstract Thinking, Semantic Ambiguity Or Lateral Neuronal Disinhibition
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Schizophrenic patients have shown by experience to have reduced sense of humor and do not understand jokes completely.

Objectives

It is unclear whether this is the result of a global emotional numbness, a dysfunctional abstract thinking or problem of semantic field. Besides, the relevance of this issue in mood disturbances in psychotic patients must be reappraised.

Aims

Increase of sociability in schizophrenic patients by way of augmenting sense of humor.

Methods

Hundred schizophrenic patients were evaluated by way of interview and three questionnaires for their sense of humor and abstract thinking in response to non sexual jokes. They were asked to tell ten jokes and grade them in regard to funniness. In addition ten jokes were told to them and asked them to grade these jokes in a 10 strength scale. These steps were repeated after 12 weeks of conventional antipsychotic treatment in addition to short courses of psychotherapies.

Results

Schizophrenic patients have an overall reduced sense of humor for jokes even if they can understand the core reality of them hence not a matter of deranged abstract thinking. They show also reduced expression of joy in response to jokes that they have rated highest. This denotes some degrees of emotional numbness. Treatment of patients with conventional antipsychotics cannot completely restore the sense of humor even after a 3 months period.

Conclusions

We conclude that sense of humor is a central issue in social functioning and some additional treatments must be used to normalize patients with schizophrenia.
883 – Questionnaire On Sexual Attitude And Function 2009: a Novel Clinical And Epidemiological Computer Based Tool
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In a society with religious and cultural restrains a standardized tool for sexual evaluation is urgently needed.

Objective

To study sexual problems of our patients and standardizing it for patients with different backgrounds we developed a questionnaire with 240 phrases that were extracted from a pool of 1400 sentences addressing sexual problems. Sixty four scales under four headings (sexual general characteristics, deviations, dysfunctions and psychodynamic syndromes) (16 items each) were evaluated based on criteria of DSM-IV and ICD 11. Five validity scales (honesty, desirability, debasement, guilt feeling and overall validity) were also used for better assessment.

Aim

Evaluation of the clinical relevance of the QSAF 2009.

Methods

A total of 1300 patients in the four variants of the test were evaluated during a time span of 7 years. The questions were presented to examinees at 8th grade and higher in a calm environment and the results were evaluated by computer software specifically developed for this purpose.

Results

The last version of the test was completed by 734 patients with excellent compliance. It was rated as polite and comprehensive. For almost all scales the sensitivity and specificity were around 85 and 92% respectively.

Conclusion

QSAF 2009 is an excellent tool both in clinics (diagnosis and follow up) and epidemiology with high sensitivity and specificity. It has also application in cross cultural studies, medico - legal issues and medical documentation. It prevents face to face interviews, breaks patients’ resistance and is less time consuming than scheduled interviews.
885 – Evaluation Of Personality Of Patients With Dysmenorrhea With The Help Of The Millon's Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Iii
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Dysmenorrhea is a pain variant syndrome with wide range of manifestations and intensity even in the same person. Like other pain variants it seems to be very subjective and personality dependent.

Objective

Despite uniform molecular basis of dysmenorrhea further risk factors are needed to be clarified.

Aim

To find out which subgroup of patients express more severe symptoms and need stronger treatments.

Methods

Hundred and twenty consecutive patients (half reported dysmenorrhea of some concern while the other half of no or minor concern) were evaluated with the Millon's Clinical Multiaxial inventory MSMI-III. The former group used routinely drugs for dysmenorrhea in a PRN basis and some used medications as prophylaxis. The former group was free to use psychoactive medication but people using psychoactive medications were excluded from the latter group. Dysmenorrhea was not graded according to severity and stress was laid on personal view about the matter.

Result

Patients with dysmenorrhea had higher scores in passive aggressive, borderline, avoidant, dependent, histrionic and obsessive personality scales (p< 0.04) while patients without dysmenorrhea showed higher scores in narcissistic, schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid personality scales (p< 0.07).

Discussion

Dysmenorrhea patients show lower pain threshold, increased preoccupation about disease and higher rates of menstrual irregularity, are more regularly visited by their gynecologist, ask more questions about cancer and are more prone to adjustment disorder. We conclude that although the pathophysiological basis of dysmenorrhea can purely be attributed to organic and molecular landmarks the expression of pain and reaction to it is personality dependent.
886 – A Case Series Of Depressed Elderly (>64 Years) Presenting In a General Hospital In Singapore
Authors: Cheang K.M. , Tan L.P.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

A recent national survey highlighted the considerable treatment gap for depression (59.6%) in modern Singapore. Asians tend to focus on physical features of a disease than the psychological ones, which might contribute to the relative lack of disease pick up by physicians. Literature suggests a distinct clinical entity of depression among the elderly, with a different clinical presentation from adults.

Objectives

This retrospective case series was undertaken to understand the clinical features and management decisions of elderly patients presenting with depression in Singapore.

Aims

To describe the demographics, clinical presentation, psychiatric and medical co-morbidities, and management decisions of depression in the elderly.

Methods

Inter-departmental referrals to the Department of Psychological Medicine of Tan Tock Seng Hospital from 1/1/2011 to 31/3/2011 for the management of patients ages above 64 with the diagnosis of depression were collated for case description.

Results

A total of 40 inpatients ages 65 to 104 years (mean 76.2 years) were recruited. 14 (35%) were male and 26 (65%) were female. 70% of them does not have a co-existing psychiatric diagnosis. The highest number of referrals were form the department of General Medicine (42.5%) followed by Geriatric Medicine (25%). Most of the elderly were admitted for infection (20%), followed by equal proportions of those admitted for cardiovascular problems (12.5%), recurrent falls (12.5%), psychiatric issues (12.5%), and orthopedic problems (12.5%).

Conclusions

As the population of Singapore ages, clinicians should be mindful that depression often co-exist with medical co-morbidities, and the complex interaction amongst the two entities.
894 – Can rTMS Be An Alternative Of Psychopharmacology In Epilepsy?
Authors: Kistsen V. , Evstigneev V.
Published: July 2013

The aim of our study was optimization of hippocampal activity in epilepsy patients by rTMS with modality which was detected in different seizures models and calculated in mathematic model to determinate of parameters for hippocampal targeted stimulation.

Methods

Sixty eight patients with epilepsy (mean age 28.1±2.9 years) were studied (DTI MRI, EEG-mapping, neuropsychological tests). Patients of control group (n=32) took AED at therapeutic doses and had side effects at 97%. Patients of experimental group (n=36) treated with low AED doses and 1 Hz rTMS over the temporal lobe with focusing on hippocamp projection.

Results

There were depression at 48.5% and high anxiety level at 40% of examined patients what correlated with position of epileptic focus in left hemisphere (OR=6.7, p=0.045), presenting of “spike-slow wave” complexes (OR=9.6, p=0.0001), female gender (OR=4.2, p=0.04) and focal onset of seizure (OR=2.1, p=0.039). Dynamic monitoring at control group did not reveal any differences at epilepsy course during 12 monthes.

At experimental group significant decreasing of seizure frequency and severity during 12 weeks after rTMS onset was determined. Antidepressive and anxiety effect was obtained at 46% patients to tenth procedure (p=0.004). Increasing of quality of life was registered by QOLIE-31 (p< 0.05). Received effect remained during six monthes in 40% experimental patients (p< 0.05).

Conclusions

Thereby, including of rTMS into combined epilepsy therapy with low doses of anticonvulsants has a determining function and leads to significant antiepileptic effect improves the psychological condition, quality of life of these patients and allows avoiding of psychotropic drugs prescription.