bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O quarto livro de Propércio
Authors: Li Williams Shi Cheng
Published: August 2015

O livro IV das Elegias representa obra da maturidade de Propércio e contém algumas de suas elegias mais conhecidas e estudadas.
Resenha: NERUDA, Pablo. Geografia infructuosa. Buenos Aires: Losada, 1972.
Authors: Queiroz Maria José De
Published: August 2015

Resenha de Geografia infructuosa por Maria José de Queiroz.
Resenha: BORGES, Jorge Luis. El oro de los tigres. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1968. 168 p.
Authors: Queiroz Maria José De
Published: August 2015

Resenha de El oro de los tigres por Maria José de Queiroz.
A dimensão tradicional na poesia lírica camoniana
Authors: Berardinelli Cleonice
Published: August 2015

Na lírica de Camões, uma bipartição se faz evidente, à mais superficial abordagem: de um lado, os poemas da medida velha; de outro, os da medida nova. Naqueles, mais facilmente se encontra a dimensão tradicional, que é o que nos cabe aqui tratar, ainda - com o risco de repetir do muito já dito, pois que a matéria está longe de ser nova ou pouco explorada.
A publicidade portuguesa e a Revolução de 1974
Authors: Neves Norma Lúcia Horta
Published: August 2015

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O ensino da língua portuguesa
Authors: Eleazaro Clara Grimaldi
Published: August 2015

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O ensino da língua portuguesa: considerações críticas I
Authors: Cunha Carlos Maciel da
Published: August 2015

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O ensino da língua portuguesa: considerações críticas II
Authors: Araújo Vilma De Matos Barbosa
Published: August 2015

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Algumas reflexões sobre gramática
Authors: Passos Júnia Maria Campas
Published: August 2015

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Aspectos do estilo camiliano em Eusébio Macário
Authors: Machado Filho Aires Da Mata
Published: August 2015

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O componente clássico na estrutura dramática do Frei Luís de Sousa
Authors: Leão Ângela Vaz
Published: August 2015

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O emigrante na literatura portuguesa
Authors: Versiani Ivana
Published: August 2015

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Comentário a "O emigrante na literatura portuguesa"
Authors: Birchal Hennio Morgan
Published: August 2015

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Leitura crítica de Mário Barreto: Através do Dicionário e da Gramática
Authors: Val Maria da Graça Costa
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho foi apresentado para avaliação final da disciplina Fundamentos Etimológicos do Português, do curso de Pós-Graduação em Letras (área de Língua Portuguesa) da FALE/UFMG, no primeiro semestre de 1982.
O leitor não-leitor: o texto como espaço de ruptura
Authors: Coelho Maria Auxiliadora Gomes Pinto
Published: August 2015

Estudo da leitura nas perspectivas pedagógica e teórica do texto literário, a partir da palavra do leitor-aluno e do leitor especializado. A validade literária do texto é definida pela ênfase em sua possibilidade de comunicação com o leitor.
A trama da escola: um revólver sob bombons; uma análise da função da escola pela ótica do teatro
Authors: Gonzalez Alaíde Inah
Published: August 2015

Esse trabalho pretende analisar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de valores na escola, a partir de uma descrição de como na prática tal processo ocorre, através da interação professor/alunos, no contexto da sala de aula. Considerando a função de crítica social do teatro, decidiu-se fundamentar a descrição desse processo na análise de conteúdo de três peças que centram sua crítica na escola: A aurora da minha vida, de Naum Alves de Souza, Apareceu a Margarida, de Roberto Athayde, e Se chovesse vocês estragavam todos, de Clóvis Levi e Tânia Pacheco.Embora a maioria das conclusões confirme os principais aspectos da teoria da reprodução, de BOURDIEU & PASSERON, a reação dos alunos à inculcação ideológica da escola (confirmada pela própria crítica à escola e sua função ideológica) denunciada, nas peças, por pessoas que foram submetidas a tal processo, permite concluir ser possível inverter a situação, ou seja: transformar o teatro que representa a interação entre professor e dunos numa relação dialógica, na qud a linguagem seja utilizada não mais para dissimular, mas para conscientizar o duno e desenvolver nele o espírito crítico, a fim de que professor e alunos aprendam, juntos, a valorar.
Silêncio
Authors: Leste Sebastião Ferreira
Published: August 2015

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Os dois e a realidade dos outros
Authors: Silva Márcio Lopes
Published: August 2015

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No exílio
Authors: Justina Priscila
Published: August 2015

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No peito
Authors: Justina Priscila
Published: August 2015

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Tradução em linguagem portuguesa da grega Primeira Epístola de Paulo aos Tessalonicenses consoante o testemunho do minúsculo 223
Authors: Tavares Gustavo Chaves
Published: August 2015

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Qualquer coisa que tentemos escrever...
Authors: Tosatti Natália Moreira , Ponciano Leila Beatriz. A.
Published: August 2015

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Introduction to the first issue of International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Dabholkar Jyoti P.
Published: August 2015

In the recent times, great developments have taken place in the field of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Modern ossicular prosthesis, middle ear implants, cochlear implants and BAHA have given a solution to hearing loss especially sensori-neural hearing loss. The sinus endoscope has gone beyond the confines of paranasal sinuses and has made visualisation of anterior skull base surgery possible. Thus enabling ENT surgeon to operate pituitary tumour and aggressive benign tumours like angiofibroma with intracranial extent.

Head and neck surgery is a happening field and I have seen many youngsters wanting to take this field. Transoral laser surgery via microlaryngoscopy and transoral robotic surgery have evolved and day is not so far when robotic surgery will be available at many centers. With advent of recent advanced radiation techniques like IMRT, IGRT and bio-radiation, laryngeal preservation is possible today.

In arena of research, molecular markers and personalized medicine, whereby treatment can be tailored according to patient’s genetic makeup, is farfetched dream but I am sure that will be available soon.

Research and dissipation of attained knowledge is the keystone for progress and better future. With these goals in mind, I feel elated to release the first issue of our journal “International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery”. Our aim is to provide a platform for researchers and clinicians to present their work and help them to share their knowledge across the globe. We also want to encourage the young minds to publish their projects and dissertations. Our journal is an international, indexed and peer reviewed journal. We have resorted to open access policy for the benefits of users and readers.

The success of any journal is by contribution of colleagues and experts, so kindly give constant support and feedback to improve it’s quality.
Otological and audiological manifestations in cleft lip and cleft palate children: a clinical study
Authors: Subramaniam Vijayalakshmi , S Manuprasad , Kallikkadan Hebin H. , K Vijay Kumar
Published: August 2015

Background: Cleft lip and cleft palate are the commonest congenital anomalies of the orofacial region. The incidence of middle ear problems and hearing loss is reported to be higher in children with cleft palate &/or cleft lip.

Methods: A prospective, observational case-control study comprising 80 subjects (40 cases and 40 controls) was undertaken at Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. All subjects enrolled were subjected to detailed ENT examination including otoscopy, pure tone audiometry and impedance audiometry.  

Results: Retracted tympanic membrane suggestive of Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) and conductive hearing loss was observed in more than 50% of patients with cleft palate &/or cleft lip. Tympanogram of B type suggesting OME was observed in 27% of cases. Chronic otitis media was observed in 32.5% of cases.
Conclusions: The prevalence of OME, Chronic otitis media and hearing loss was observed to be higher among children with cleft palate &/or cleft lip. Otological and audiometric assessment should be performed for all patients having cleft palate &/or cleft lip atleast before surgery in order to facilitate early identification and intervention for middle ear problems particularly middle ear effusion.
EVIDENCIAÇÃO AMBIENTAL SOBRE RESÍDUOS NOS RELATÓRIOS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS LISTADAS NO IBrX-100 DA BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Degenhart Larissa , Vogt Mara , Rosa Fabricia Silva da , Hein Nelson , Kaveski Itzhak David Simão
Published: August 2015

 

O estudo objetivou analisar a evidenciação ambiental sobre resíduos nos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade de empresas brasileiras listadas no IBrX-100 da BM&FBovespa. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e com abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo constituiu-se de 100 empresas brasileiras listadas no IBrX-100 da BM&FBovespa e a amostra compreendeu 25 empresas em 2010, 35 em 2011 e 45 em 2012, estas que divulgaram dados sobre resíduos em seus Relatórios de Sustentabilidade. O período de análise compreendeu os anos 2010 a 2012 e a análise foi realizada por meio de um ranking das empresas que mais aspectos evidenciam sobre resíduos em seus Relatórios de Sustentabilidade. Os resultados apontaram que as empresas Ambev, AES Tietê, Energias BR e Duratex foram as que mais se destacaram no ranking nos anos analisados. Além disso, na maioria das empresas o fator tipo de informação sobre resíduos sólidos e resíduos perigosos transportados foi apresentado nos relatórios na forma descritiva e quantitativa. Já em relação aos métodos de disposição, todas as empresas que lideraram o ranking possuem tratamento dos resíduos que produzem. Ainda, no que diz respeito às metas de redução, a maioria das empresas do ranking divulga que a meta de redução foi de 75% nos anos analisados.

Palavras-chave: Evidenciação ambiental. Resíduos. Empresas brasileiras.
APLICABILIDADE DA ESCALA ECCB AO PARADIGMA DA MODELAGEM DE SEGUNDA ORDEM: UMA ANÁLISE DO CONSUMO CONSCIENTE DE COSMÉTICOS
Authors: Ladeira Wagner Junior , Santini Fernando Oliveira , Araujo Clecio Falcão
Published: August 2015

No presente artigo teve-se como objetivo analisar as influências dos constructos de primeira e segunda ordem da escala Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior (ECCB) no consumo consciente de cosméticos. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi realizada uma survey com 554 consumidores de três marcas de cosméticos na grande Porto Alegre. Os resultados apontaram a existência de diferentes relações entre os constructos nos quatro modelos hierárquicos estudados, contrastando com estudos publicados na área. O modelo mais parcimonioso demonstrou ausência de relação na percepção da eficácia, coeficientes mais fortes no liberalismo e moderados no altruísmo e na preocupação ambiental, diferente dos estudos das escalas originais. O conjunto de resultados propõe uma forma de análise de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE) pouco utilizada no meio acadêmico, demonstrando, assim, vantagens de se utilizar a modelagem de segunda ordem em estudo de modelagem de equações estruturais. Por fim, realizou-se uma análise crítica do uso da MEE de segunda ordem e propuseram-se novas análises para superar as limitações deste estudo.

Palavras-chave: Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior. Modelagem de equações estruturais. Modelagem de segunda ordem.
HERITAGE ASSETS: PROCEDIMENTOS PARA O RECONHECIMENTO E A MENSURAÇÃO ADOTADOS PELOS MUSEUS
Authors: Pires Charline Barbosa , Ribeiro Daniel Cerqueira , Niyama Jorge Katsumi , Matias-Pereira José
Published: August 2015

Este artigo teve como objetivo principal efetuar a análise das demonstrações contábeis de museus localizados nos cinco continentes, visando identificar o tratamento contábil relacionado ao reconhecimento e à mensuração dos heritage assets (HAs). Para tanto, aborda as definições de heritage assets, bem como o tratamento contábil discutido na literatura e definido pelas normas aplicáveis aos museus dos países foco deste estudo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa, descritiva e documental, conduzida a partir da análise do conteúdo dos relatórios anuais, demonstrações contábeis e respectivas notas explicativas de nove museus localizados na Nova Zelândia, Austrália, Reino Unido, África do Sul, Brasil, Canadá, Peru, Argentina e Estados Unidos. A partir da análise dos documentos, verificaram-se práticas heterogêneas, sendo o HA evidenciado em apenas uma parcela dos Balanços Patrimoniais, com destaque para as entidades situadas na Nova Zelândia e na Austrália, as quais apresentam o detalhamento mais completo e robusto. Quanto aos critérios de mensuração adotados pelos museus, o custo histórico é adotado principalmente para o reconhecimento inicial, enquanto outros critérios (valor justo, valor de mercado, custo de reposição e julgamento de profissionais especializados) são utilizados na mensuração subsequente.

Palavras-chave: Museus. Heritage assets. Reconhecimento. Mensuração.
Editorial
Authors: Santos Júnior Silvio
Published: August 2015

Editorial
Foco e escopo
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: August 2015

Foco e escopo
Characterizing demographic parameters across environmental gradients: a case study with Ontario moose (Alces alces)
Authors: Street Garrett M. , Rodgers Arthur R. , Avgar Tal , Fryxell John M.
Published: August 2015

Population‐level demographic characteristics as estimated by standard logistic growth models (i.e., carrying capacity and intrinsic growth rate) should vary with changes in habitat quality and availability of resources. However, few published studies have tested this hypothesis by comparing population growth rates across broad bioclimatic gradients, and fewer still the carrying capacities of those populations. We used time series data on moose (Alces alces) population densities based on aerial census and hunter harvest data for 34 management units across Ontario to estimate local carrying capacities and intrinsic growth rates. These population parameters were then regressed against associated habitat covariates for each management unit to assess how moose demography changes across a broad gradient of productivity, habitat abundance, and timber harvest. Moose carrying capacity was found to increase with increasing forest productivity as measured by ΔNDVI and the proportion of mixedwood stands in the forest. Both variables are plausibly indicative of high quality forage abundance for moose. Moose carrying capacity decreased with the proportion of forest stands harvested for timber annually, suggesting that immediate removal of forest stands and increased access by hunters temper maximum population size. Maximum rates of population growth by Ontario moose did not vary predictably with any of the landscape covariates tested. These findings contribute to our understanding of changes in demography across broad geographic and bioclimatic gradients and suggest that crude population estimators may be derived based on known habitat preferences and resource availability without a priori knowledge of animal abundance.
Determining The Optimal Frequency Of Carrying Out Well Integrity Tests
Authors: Farwana Amany , Taylor Ian
Published: August 2015

Three hydraulically actuated isolation valves are able to completely isolate flow from a producing well to prevent uncontrolled flow; these are the PWV (Production Wing Valve), PMV (Production Master Valve) and the SSSV (Subsurface Safety Valve).

As part of the drive for continued improvement in well safety, more prescriptive well integrity guidelines have been issued by the Oil and Gas UK. It is now recommended to test the safety critical isolation valves every six months unless reliability findings specific to the asset, valve type or location specify a different testing frequency. A documented rationale is therefore, required to either justify the current lower frequency of testing or accept the recommended frequency which could incur significant additional deferment and testing costs.

This paper outlines a novel method for quantifying risk using a Reliability Based Model (RBM). Actual data on valves' integrity and status, sourced from an electronic well integrity database, was used in the RBM to determine the probability that the valves will operate on demand. The availability of the valves was determined and quantitatively linked to a testing frequency that will ensure the reliability standards are met.

Using a calibrated risk graph, the RBM assumed a SIL 3 (a high target level of risk reduction) for an offshore platform well; equivalent to achieving a target availability in the range of 99.9 - 99.99%. The optimal testing programme was based on achieving a low SIL 3 rating due to the slow progression rate of the failures identified.

The RBM showed that only 25% of the wells studied required testing every 6 months. This demonstrates that by utilising specific asset data as outlined in the latest OGUK requirements, a more representative testing frequency can be determined which can potentially minimise deferment and maintenance costs.
Autonomous Routing Of Drilling Fluids Leads to Safer Operations. Experiences Gained On New Xle Jack-ups
Authors: Klemetsen Thomas , Hundebøl Henrik
Published: August 2015

This paper will detail how autonomous routing systems can make the transfer of drilling fluids faster, safer and more efficient than contemporary drilling fluid processing plants. It will use real-time data to show the benefit to drilling efficiency on three Maersk Xle Jack-Ups, while examining the potential for HSE improvements and cost savings gained through the increased safety measures inherent to the system.

Drilling fluid processing plants typically contain a large number of interconnected tanks, pipes, valves and pumps. These systems have very flexible routing possibilities for the chemical additives and drilling fluids within a limited footprint. However, they are vulnerable to accidental routing and mixing of chemicals due to a high degree of human involvement. Manual/remote manual systems are prone to human errors resulting in contaminations (e.g. mixture of oil based mud and water based mud), spillages, drilling down-time, and possibly well control incidents.

An autonomous routing system has been successfully deployed on three new and highly automated jackups. The system has been used on Maersk Intrepid with uninterrupted service since August 2014 and they have not experienced any spills due to wrong lineups. It has been used during all operations, on multiple wells and sections. From experience spills are an area of high focus during start-ups. On new builds, the crew needs to familiarize themselves with the new mud system and face a steep challenge to oversee a new piping/system; consequently drilling fluids could be routed incorrectly. The ability to line up several operations simultaneously has greatly improved efficiency and has shortened the learning curve for the crew during startup.

The routing system DORS acts similarly to a car navigation system in that it utilizes knowledge about the plant and real time data to find the most optimum route. In addition, it operates equipment automatically and reacts adaptively to changing conditions such as equipment failure(s). It supports simultaneous operations, always ensuring that no contamination occurs.
Girls In Energy STEM Programme
Authors: McCloskey Pádraig
Published: August 2015

The Girls in Energy course is an important part of Shell's STEM education programme; providing young women with the information and inspiration they need to pursue a career in the energy industry.

Meeting the needs of the industry and the business

Every year, the UK faces a shortfall of over 81,000 people with engineering skills. Between 2010-2020 Scotland will need to recruit 160,000 people with engineering skills. To meet this demand Scotland needs to increase the number of graduate and apprenticeship engineers.

To help meet the demand, we developed the Shell Engineering Scheme in 2002 to help recruitment Technicians for the St Fergus Gas Plant, in the North East of Scotland. The bespoke scheme delivers training that allows them to enter the energy sector. However, in 2009 we received no applications from females for the course. Recognising this needed to be addressed, we developed the Girls in Energy course with North East Scotland College (NESC) to encourage more females into the industry to meet the growing skills shortage.

Girls Energy

In 2010 we started the Shell Girls in Energy programme. It's a one year course, delivered by NESC, designed to open young women's eyes to the energy industry's wealth of career opportunities. It is targeted at girls aged 14–16 in secondary education, and when completed they will receive a (Scottish) National Qualification in Energy.

Before starting the programme many had thought that a job in the industry meant working on a platform in the middle of the North Sea. The course helps students to rethink these preconceptions and show them that there are a huge number of different careers available both offshore and onshore all over the world.

Girls in Energy pupils get to understand the future energy challenge including some of the pressing challenges we face in the world today and the role engineering plays in meeting the growing energy demand in a sustainable and innovative way.

A qualification in Energy

Tutors from NESC deliver weekly lessons, workshops and field visits; providing 160 hours of engaging STEM education over the year-long course. Participants that successfully complete the end of course assessment receive an Intermediate 2-level qualification in Energy, This qualification, which was introduced by the Scottish Government to encourage students to study new subjects, provides an excellent grounding for working in the energy industry.

The future

Shell is committed to increasing the pipeline of STEM professionals, especially among those groups, like women, that are under-represented in the energy industry. We are currently in discussions with Skills Development Scotland and Colleges Scotland about the best way to give more women the opportunity to learn about the value and opportunities available in the energy industry.
The Economics of EOR Schemes in the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS)
Authors: Kemp Alex , Stephen Linda
Published: August 2015

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) schemes have been slow to evolve in the exploitation of hydrocarbons from the UK Continental Shelf. They are generally much more expensive to execute offshore than in onshore USA where they are relatively common. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the economic aspects of several EOR projects namely low salinity waterflood, polymer flood, and miscible gas injection. Detailed economic modelling of example schemes finds that, in current circumstances in the UKCS, prospective returns, while worthwhile in undiscounted cash flow terms, are only very modest at discount rates reflecting the cost of capital. It is also noted that there are several significant investment risks. Further tax incentives relating to the purchase of polymer and miscible gas could enhance returns to these EOR projects without introducing any distortions.
Advanced Well Failure Modelling Improves Well Integrity, Safety and Reliability
Authors: Girling Stuart , Snow Nigel , Lumbye Peter , Abdelhamid Ibrahim Abouelhamd
Published: August 2015

Well failure modelling uses pre-emptive risk assessment to address well integrity issues more effectively than risk assessing well barrier leaks and other integrity anomalies as they happen. Users of Well Failure Models (WFMs) benefit by spending less time doing risk assessments and achieve more consistent results; better understanding of well issues; more efficient well intervention planning and reduced well services costs; improved well reliability and thus reduced production losses and safer wells. By adopting a well failure model Maersk Oil Qatar rasies the bar with respect to HSE and management of their well integrity.

Development of a WFM utilises a what-if risk assessment for specific well types, characterised by service, flow capability, well pressure, architecture and various environmental considerations. Well component leaks, failure modes and other integrity anomalies are analysed. Corrective actions, severity codes and repair grace periods are established for each issue for all well types.

The Maersk Oil Qatar (MOQ) WFM has been in use since 2012. It considers failures and failure modes for all well barrier elements as well as preventative maintenance anomalies for the various well types in the Al-Shaheen field, offshore Qatar.

The 2012 WFM has grace periods based on the subjective judgement of experienced drilling and production staff, agreed in facilitated workshops. In 2014 work was initiated to upgrade the WFM using quantitative risk assessment (QRA) techniques to calculate grace periods.

This paper describes development and structure of the 2012 WFM. It also explains the QRA techniques used in the 2014 WFM upgrade and outlines the initial results obtained with both models. Currently MOQ are running the 2012 model and will soon begin to populate the 2014 QRA model with actual failure data in order to calibrate the model.

Reductions in risk exposure and improvements in risk management are the most important objectives MOQ expect to realise from this approach. Further to this there potentially are substantial financial benefits for Maersk through efficiency gains, cost saving and increased production volumes, this underpins the company goal of being a top quartile performing operator with high focus on safety.
Managing Ageing FPSO Structures: Effective Management of Inspection Data
Authors: MacLean Calum , Lewin Matthew
Published: August 2015

This paper explores the challenge of gathering, assessing and usefully managing large quantities of hull inspection data so that this can provide useful information. It will address assessment of the data to ensure that it is possible to clearly understand what is important today, what might be an issue tomorrow and to identify trends and evaluate inspection / repair burdens in the future.

As an FPSO hull structure ages, the routine structural inspection activities produce increasing volumes of data as time progresses. In the initial years of production this does not present a major issue to manage as the number of structural deficiencies will (hopefully) be small. Beyond 10 – 15 years on-station, where inspections are carried out there are often significant numbers of inspection findings reported (>1500 per year).

It is important that data is captured accurately at the time of inspection, whilst the personnel and access are available. In the early years of asset life, where the number of findings may be only 1 or 2 per day of inspection, efficient handling of the data and assessment isn't a high priority. During busy inspection campaigns during the later life of the asset, good quality reporting and efficient data handling become critical factors as it is possible to have 3 inspection teams on an asset producing upwards of 60 inspection findings per day, 7 days per week. Failure to effectively keep up with the processing of the inspection findings under these conditions will result in inaccuracies in the data and a failure to correctly assess criticality and the necessary actions arising.

Based on Marine Technical Limits extensive experience of managing significant volumes of hull inspection data for various FPSOs over the previous 10 years, this paper will detail the key criteria and an effective approach for handling, processing, assessing and using hull inspection data to produce useful information.
Meeting the Demand for Barrier Plug Integrity Assurance
Authors: Stein Arild
Published: August 2015

When two wellbore barriers are set in close proximity it is difficult to determine if the upper barrier plug is holding pressure. Measuring the liquid volume pumped to achieve the pressure test does not always provide adequate assurance.

The wireless Barrier Verification System (BVS) was developed to meet the demand for barrier plug integrity assurance. The system consists of a pressure sensor with a transmitter attached below the barrier plug. A Receiver is mounted on top of the installation tool to wirelessly record the pressure measurements below the plug. An additional pressure sensor forms part of the receiver to provide an accurate reference pressure measurement above the plug.

The transmitter sends pressure readings and can record for multiple days depending on battery selection, wellbore temperature and logging frequency. The Receiver also records and stores the reference pressure information collected above and wirelessly from below the barrier plug.

For Slickline conveyance, the system will be configured for readout of the memory after the Receiver is retrieved. Real-time readout to surface is an option when used on E-line.

The wireless BVS system was first used in the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), mounted on a 5.5″ Medium Expansion (ME) Retrievable Bridge Plug, and on an 3.5″ Electronic Setting Tool (EST).

Following the setting of the barrier plug, it was pressure tested from above. The graph showed a differential pressure across the barrier plug which verified and provided assurance that the plug was holding pressure (Pressure above ~ 450 Bar and pressure below ~ 230 bar).
Verification of Well Abandonment Barriers
Authors: Stein Arild
Published: August 2015

When setting two deep wellbore barriers in close proximity it can be difficult to be assured that the upper barrier has integrity. Only by measuring the pressure between the barriers can the integrity of the shallower barrier be verified.

Well abandonment practice is dictated by territory specific regulations which are largely based on historic practices. However, emerging technologies and methodologies are gradually changing the outlook, affecting the way we carry out future P&A operations.

With the introduction of any new methodology or technology there is a need for verification and testing of the permanent barrier. Currently, the typical concept is to use an anchoring or plug device to build a barrier above.

The wireless BVS (Barrier Verification System) uses ELF (Extreme Low Frequency) telemetry and has the capacity to transfer signals through the barrier or surrounding wellbore/lithology to a receiver above the established seal. The system consists of a pressure sensor with a transmitter attached below an anchoring device. A receiver is lowered on slickline or electric-wireline above the barrier to be tested. The receiver wirelessly records the pressure measurements transmitted from below the anchoring sealing device. An additional pressure sensor in the receiver forms part of the toolstring to provide an accurate pressure reference above the established barrier for verification testing.

The transmitter can record for multiple days depending on battery configuration, wellbore temperature and logging frequency. The receiver can transmit real time data or it can be deployed in memory mode for slickline, coiled tubing and pipe-deployment applications.

The objective of this paper is to examine and explore the technology of the BVS, the design and development, the qualification tests carried out, and the execution and results of an operation in the North Sea.
Competency – The Partnership Approach
Authors: Paley Carole
Published: August 2015

Competency - the Partnership Approach

Within Oil and Gas service companies, there is tension between developing medium to long-term capability and delivering the service clients demand. Balancing these two requirements is a continual challenge. Both employers and employees recognise a constant need to develop their skills and knowledge base, and an important requirement of an employer is to be astutely aware of their organisation's talent requirements. Employers must identify and acquire talent through recruitment or retraining, and once acquired, employees must be trained and developed to meet the specific business demands for the present and the future. The need to ensure the effectiveness and application of the knowledge transfer process is more important than ever, and has to be done by measuring the skills and knowledge of the individual through a structured competence programme. There are practical challenges of embedding a competency process within an international organisation and these will be explored in this paper.

In the past, the oil and gas industry placed a high premium on experience, which is by definition a reflection of time served. The rapidly changing needs of clients necessitate the acceleration of learning and development activity in the workplace, as the supply of experienced individuals does not always meet the demand. Therefore employers are required to obtain talent and accelerate the knowledge and skills of existing employees, ensuring that talent has been converted into a capability that adds value to the organisation and fulfils client needs by ensuring delivery of excellent service quality. Traditional competency measurement of skill and knowledge has been paper-based, and whilst effective, has proven to be both labour and time intensive when performed by assessors. An alternative approach is electronic competence measurement deployed via a learning management system that allows for electronic knowledge and skills assessment, reducing administration burden and the need for assessor intervention through the automatic recording of completions. If not skillfully managed the binary nature of this approach can limit the integrity and robustness of the system so it is imperative to ensure that additional measures are introduced to maintain and indeed enhance the assurance of the individual's competency.

This paper will discuss the cultural, geographical and technological challenges encountered and how they were resolved during the development of a global competency-based system, in an international service company. The paper will propose a | number of innovative methods to address the issues encountered when incorporating a global electronic competency system, whilst maintaining its on-going integrity.
Driving Production Efficiency Improvement on the UKCS: Implementation of the PETF Strategies
Authors: Dornan R. , Werngren O. , Wyllie B.
Published: August 2015

A significant decline in industry average Production Efficiency was observed on the UK Continental Shelf between 2004 and 2012, with a decrease from 80% to 60%. This decline led to the formation of the PETF in June 2013 to address this issue, with the target of restoring PE to 80% by 2016 being set by government and industry. Since 2012 PE has increased from 60% to 65%, which has contributed towards the stabalisation of production volumes on the UK Continental Shelf. This paper will investigate the drivers of the decline in Production Efficiency and outline the initiatives being implemented by the PETF to facilitate a basin wide improvement, including driving improvements in planned maintenance shutdowns, excellence in offshore productivity and reducing unplanned production losses.
Assessment of Casing and Annular Material in Heavy Mud Weight Systems and Thick Pipes - Case Study
Authors: Cristancho Diana , Susanto Indriaty , Singh Kamaljeet , McCann Chris
Published: August 2015

There has been an increased recognition in recent years of the importance of acquiring logs for casing corrosion and annular barrier evaluation for well integrity purposes. It has been a challenge to acquire data in High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) environments, where thick pipes and heavy mud weight systems are commonly encountered.

In the past, the mud weight had to be decreased or mud changed to evaluate the casing integrity and cement placement, costing extensive time and money. However, recent developments in ultrasonic tools have enabled the acquisition of logs in these difficult environments.

This paper describes the logging tool advances for cement evaluation and annular material characterization. It shows, through a case study, how advanced ultrasonic technology enabled the evaluation of the cement and annular material placement for the abandonment operations of an HPHT well in the North Sea. The challenging characteristics of this well are thick casing (0.672in) and heavy mud weight (14.9ppg OBM). A workflow was designed, from planning to execution, to ensure a successful logging job; thereby optimizing the project cost. The log results from advanced ultrasonic technology are discussed and a comparison of the data with the previous generation tool is made. The applied use of data is discussed to plan and optimize the well abandonment program.
An urban strategy in time of crisis: Mobility management and low-cost public space design
Authors: Papagiannakis Apostolos , Vitopoulou Athina
Published: August 2015

This research underlines the importance of mobility management tools and
small-scale targeted interventions of public space upgrades in order to
encourage conscious sustainable mobility behaviour. The paper reviews tools
and tactics of soft transport policy measures, as well as of small-scale and
low-cost public space design approaches and strategies in the USA and Europe
to assess their characteristics and results. It will then focus on
Thessaloniki (Greece) presenting 1) the main findings of a trip survey
concerning the impact of the economic crisis on mobility behaviour and 2) the
shift to low-cost street scale urban design projects which have emerged
during the crisis. The paper states that quality public space and urban
transport constitute conditions necessary to attain long-term change in
mobility behaviour. While the importance of hard transport policy measures
should not be underestimated, the strategy for achieving sustainable urban
mobility and public space design adapted to the economic crisis-specific
conditions is discussed.
Strasbourg Eurométropole, a cross-border conurbation towards new sustainable mobility patterns
Authors: Mazzoni Cristiana , Grigorovschi Andreea
Published: August 2015

In the French context, Strasbourg is an exemplary case study for the
development pattern of the ?city of short distances?: its local and regional
components were developed in the long term after the polycentric ?Rhineland
model? of German, Swiss, and Dutch cities. According to the French law on
cities of 27 January 2014, Strasbourg has become a local authority with
special status - the Eurom?tropole - replacing the former local authority
status (CUS). The new Eurom?tropole is supposed to ?enhance metropolitan
economic functions, transport networks and academic resources, research and
innovation, in a spirit of regional and interregional cooperation and with a
desire for balanced development of its territory? (LOW 2014-58). The concept
of metropolitan development territory in Strasbourg includes thus the
metropolitan system of the Upper Rhine, the idea of innovative governance of
the projects shared between several institutional actors referring to
multiple scales and diversified skills. Taking into consideration its
particular geographical, cultural, social and economical context, ?bottom up?
approaches and exploratory scenarios mark a joint effort to invent
Strasbourg?s metropolitan development.
Intelligent transport systems deployment in Thessaloniki: Assessment of costs and benefits
Authors: Mitsakis Evangelos , Iordanopoulos Panagiotis , Mintsis Evangelos , Mamarikas Sokratis , Aifadopoulou Georgia
Published: August 2015

Transportation projects often require large initial investments and are
expected to generate benefits extending far into the future. Thus, there is a
need to compare benefits and costs that occur at different periods over time.
Since money has a time value, the same amount of money at different time
periods does not have the same value. Therefore, it is important to convert
costs and benefits into equivalent values when conducting a Cost-Benefit
Analysis (CBA). A special category of transportation projects is that of
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). ITS comprise innovative solutions for
travel demand and traffic management, and it is expected to play a key role
in future sustainable urban development plans. Compared to other
transportation projects, ITS have a lower initial investment. In this paper a
framework based on a CBA is presented, assessing costs and benefits of three
ITS projects implemented in Thessaloniki, Greece. The paper refers to future
developments of ITS in the city of Thessaloniki. The examined systems have
already been developed as demonstration systems in various regions throughout
Europe. The benefits of the systems have been transferred and scaled up, so
as to be in line with the specific characteristics of the Greek environment.
The impacts of illegal parking on the urban areas’ traffic and environmental conditions: The case of the city of Thessaloniki
Authors: Tsakalidis Anastasios , Tsoleridis Panagiotis
Published: August 2015

A combination of factors including an unattractive public transport offering
a low level of service, the lack of parking facilities, an inadequate
drivers? education and poor policing have led to illegal parking phenomena in
many Greek cities, contributing in their aesthetic and cultural degradation,
making them inaccessible for both vehicles and pedestrians. In the present
study the phenomenon of illegal parking is investigated along selected road
axes in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. After the appropriate processing of
the data collected, the impact of illegal parking on the reduction of road
capacity was calculated. Moreover, it was attempted to relate illegal parking
activity with the type of adjacent land uses. Conclusions regarding the
degree of parking violations and the road capacity reduction in relation to
road and adjacent land uses? characteristics are given and possible measures
and policies towards the alleviation of the problem are proposed.
The implementation model of planning rules in spatial plans
Authors: Stefanovic Nebojsa , Danilovic-Hristic Natasa , Milijic Sasa
Published: August 2015

The implementation of spatial plans in past practice in Serbia was the
weakest link of planning - theoretically insufficiently studied,
methodologically vague and non-positioned, and only formally and partially
carried out in practice. There is a general agreement that implementation
should be perceived and oriented through spatial plans, in order to maximize
the effect on other factors beyond the planning system. For that reason it is
necessary to define theoretically the model of implementation for the spatial
plan, the elements and contents of which reflect the logical, functional and
time coherence of all planning decisions. Since there are several different
methods and objects of planning, this paper has singled out four basic models
and presents the results of the research (comparative analyses) into the role
of application in the planning practice in Serbia using the example of a
model of implementation for planning rules. An evaluated and studied model of
implementation was applied in spatial plans for areas of special purpose and
spatial plans of the local government units. This paper provides
recommendations for further application of the model in the planning practice
in Serbia.
Fatigue Resistance of Y-TZP/Porcelain Crowns is Not Influenced by the Conditioning of the Intaglio Surface
Authors: Anami LC , Lima JMC , Valandro LF , Kleverlaan CJ , Feilzer AJ , Bottino MA
Published: August 2015

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of treatments of the intaglio surface of Y-TZP frameworks and luting agents on the fatigue resistance of all-ceramic crowns.

Methods

A research design was chosen that attempted to reduce the likelihood of Hertzian cracking and to increase the probability of fracture initiation at the intaglio surface of the framework. Ninety identical preparations were machined in a dentin-like epoxy composite. Each preparation was restored with a Y-TZP framework made by a CAD/CAM system and veneered using feldspathic ceramic. Prior to cementation the intaglio surface of the ceramic was treated using one of four treatments: 1) cleaning with isopropyl alcohol; 2) application of an overglaze; 3) sandblasting with 125 μm aluminum oxide powder; and 4) sandblasting with 30 μm silica powder (CJ). One of three luting cements were used: 1) zinc phosphate; 2) glass ionomer; and 3) adhesive resin cement (PN). All three cements were tested against frameworks that were alcohol cleaned. Only the PN cements were tested against frameworks that had been sandblasted or glazed. Altogether, six groups of 15 specimens each were tested. Fatigue resistance was evaluated using stepwise loads at 1.4 Hz until failure: 5000 cycles at maximum load of 200 N, followed by 10,000 cycles at maximum loads of 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 N. The cement thickness and failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. The results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox log rank tests (5%), a one-way analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparison test, and Weibull nonparametric test.

Results

The predominant failure mode was chipping of the veneer. The crowns cemented with the adhesive resin cement exhibited chipping failure at higher mean loads than did crowns cemented with cements that usually do not bond strongly with dentin. When the adhesive cement was used, glazing and sandblasting intaglio framework surface treatments exhibited lower mean loads at chipping than did crowns whose intaglio surface was only cleaned with alcohol. Weibull analysis indicated that all specimens had a high ratio of late-to-early failures.

Conclusions

The fatigue experiment produced a pattern of failures that is very similar to that observed in clinical trials of Y-TZP crowns that are veneered with feldspathic porcelain. Crowns cemented with an adhesive resin cement exhibited chipping at a significantly higher mean load than those cemented with luting cements that do not usually form strong bonds with dentin. When cemented with adhesive resin cement, glazing or sandblasting the intaglio surface of the framework significantly reduced the mean fatigue loads at which chipping of veneers occurred, as compared to crowns whose intaglio surface had only been cleaned with alcohol. For this cement glazing or sandblasting the intaglio surface of the crown is not recommended.