bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Nicolaides Becky M.
Published: November 2023

The New Suburbia reveals how certain continuities in suburban culture persisted in communities undergoing rapid demographic change. Long-lived suburban ideals first defined by whites survived, at times to the detriment of equity and inclusion across the LA metropolis. The desire to defend suburban communities from internal and external threats was carried on in places like San Marino and South Gate, where Asians and Latinos became majorities. In Pasadena and Lakewood, racial change triggered shifts toward privatization and law and order. The new suburbia could be a fractured environment marked by divisions around class, immigrant status, language, and race. In some cases, old defensive suburban ideals were embraced by new diverse leaders in the suburbs. Stories from the new suburbia offer both cautionary tales and hopeful signs. Even as racism and exclusion prevailed in many communities, some recent signs are pointing toward greater inclusion and equity in the new suburbia.
Counterfeit and Coinage
Authors: Zetzel James E. G.
Published: November 2023

This introduction establishes many of the themes and parameters explored in detail in subsequent chapters. Whereas modern writers take language change for granted, ancient writers tended to think about language change as a form of corruption. The ancient perspective on language change is similar to the modern economic notion of Gresham’s Law: bad money drives out good. The paper explores these ideas using several examples: the explanations of inflectional morphology in treatises on Latinitas, the alternative treatment of syllable division employed in treatises De finalibus to cope with changes in prosody, and the redefinition of solecism as stylistic virtuosity in analyses of vitia et virtutes orationis and in such works as Aemilius Asper’s Grammatica Vergiliana.
The Grammarian Consentius on Language Change and Variation
Authors: Mari Tommaso
Published: November 2023

Consentius’ Ars de barbarismis et metaplasmis is the longest extant treatise on the so-called vices and virtues of speech, and it thus directly addresses linguistic variety. Mari, who has recently completed an edition of the work (2021), shows how Consentius’ understanding of barbarismus differs from modern conceptions of linguistic error, including the role of ratio and euphonia, and he illustrates the geographic and social categories that Consentius uses to describe them, which he relates to the grammarian’s social context in the elite society of fifth-century Gaul.
Antiquus = squalidus? Pompeius’ Attitude toward Antiquity
Authors: Zago Anna
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the flamboyant fifth- or sixth-century grammarian Pompeius, one of the teachers Kaster brought to life in Guardians. Zago discusses the prologue to his Commentum artis Donati, which has only recently been published in full, and the attitude he reveals toward earlier grammarians through his use of the words antiquus and squalidus. Earlier occurrences of these words in rhetorical and grammatical contexts are surveyed. Consistent with this attitude, Pompeius sometimes makes concession to ways that contemporary usage has changed with respect to classical usage.
Between Images
Authors: Conrath Ryan
Published: November 2023

Between Images proposes a unique theory of montage as a technique of relation: a means of fundamentally rethinking and reshaping how humans relate—to ourselves and each other, to the material world, to the planet and its nonhuman inhabitants. Historically, film criticism has cast montage in one of several roles: as narrative’s invisible executor of spatiotemporal continuity to maintain the viewer’s investment in the story-world; as an agent of disorder that confounds conventions of storytelling and realism and prompts the viewer’s intellectual engagement; and as an expressionistic device for augmenting the duration and combination of shots to affect viewers at a sensory level. While not exactly abandoning such accounts, this study tries to move closer to the heart of montage by distinguishing the space between images as itself a powerful source of ideas, feelings, and forms. Venturing into an “expanded field of montage” beyond the limited purview of a given film’s “editing,” Between Images traces the cut and the splice across photographic and cinematic media in a range of material, conceptual, and political contexts. In all of this, the space between images becomes a setting for navigating and renegotiating the terms of relation, of the “being-with” that connects all forms of life. Between Images brings together a diverse cast of experimental filmmakers, including Harun Farocki, Hito Steyerl, Steve McQueen, Cauleen Smith, Daïchi Saito, and Ja’Tovia Gary, and in doing so, situates the cinematic cut within an interdisciplinary conversation about the abiding capacity of cinema to effect change.
How to Walk through a Door
Authors: Conrath Ryan
Published: November 2023

This chapter focuses on the work of Berlin-based filmmaker and media theorist Hito Steyerl. Steyerl is deeply critical of the ways in which montage, across the history of cinema, has been aligned with a range of violent and militaristic metaphors. By casting Steyerl’s work in this light, this chapter displaces the historical analogy between cinema and war by foregrounding the ways in which cinematic politics may be thought spatially. In theorizing the politics of montage, this chapter turns to the work of media theorist Bernhard Siegert and others to substitute a dialectical language of conflict for a language of space and materiality, where the cut/splice comes to be seen as a door. Grounding these claims is an extended close reading of Steyerl’s two-channel video Abstract (2012), which occupies the second half of this chapter. A dual-screen work dealing with the extrajudicial killing of Steyerl’s close friend Andrea Wolf in 1998, Abstract mixes footage taken in Kurdistan and Berlin across two monitors, so that these two territories come to interpenetrate one another. This discussion builds to a key moment in Abstract when Steyerl appears to cross over from one screen/shot to the next as if through a door, an act of relation informed by a politics of space.
The Context Imperative
Authors: McStay Andrew
Published: November 2023

This chapter considers the climate-based impact of automated empathy, progressing to examine this through Japanese thought about modernity, climate, and technology. It first assesses automated empathy and climate concerns by considering these in relation to ‘high-compute’ large AI language models and image recognition systems. It then introduces go-to critiques such as extractivist thought that is asserted to be inextricable from the philosophy of Martin Heidegger given his interests in industrialisation, cybernetics, and human experience. The chapter than assesses the overlap between Heidegger and Japan’s Kyoto School of philosophy. Beyond value in diversifying and balancing moral views it finds unique critical merit in the Kyoto School, arguing this outlook to be ‘ecological by default’ due to its innate orientation towards ‘wholes’ that encompass things, people and environment. The chapter consequently argues for a ‘context imperative’ that should be a part of any ethical consideration of questionable uses of technology.
LOOK
Authors: Dodds Sherril
Published: November 2023

The LOOK chapter conceives the act of looking as a culturally specific framework of (en)visioning the world. It examines how dancers actively “look” in hip hop battles to assess an opponent’s moves and to engage in a performance of looking that signals their battle attitude. It focuses on female hip hop dancers of color to consider how they are subject to a hegemonic gaze within the battle context. Drawing on b-girl Rokafella’s call to “Check us out!” in conversation with Black studies and hip hop feminist scholarship, it shows how two b-girls, Sunny and Macca, craft a defiant look within the creative space of the cypher. This look stages an embodied refusal to internalize misogynistic and colonialist structures of looking projected upon their bodies and their resistance stands in plain sight.
SCREAM
Authors: Dodds Sherril
Published: November 2023

The SCREAM chapter examines Michael Jackson’s 1995 music video “Scream,” which staged a rageful response to his treatment by the media. The chapter introduces the idea of re-facing Jackson to account for the allegations of sexual abuse that surfaced in the documentary film Leaving Neverland in 2019. The idea that Jackson is re-faced also comes through his changing visage. Michael Taussig’s concept of “defacement” illustrates how the discourse around Jackson’s face both acknowledges the social construction of race but appeals to a biological heritage to make sense of his facial freakery. To understand Jackson’s choreographic scream, the chapter calls upon Fred Moten’s conception of the scream as an originating trauma in Black subjectivity that is both recited but can also be given a radical breakdown through Black artistic expression. While Jackson’s potent scream serves to shatter an equilibrium, the question remains as to whether its efficacy can be maintained.
The Five Tasks of the Filmmaker
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

A reflection on the five tasks discussed in this chapter is considered as informative of the filmmaker’s perspectives and decision-making processes, an awareness of which is indispensable in the understanding of practical aesthetics. The communication of information, a fundamental aspect of the filmmaker’s art, should facilitate the audience’s comprehension, be neither vague nor confusing, and not be overdone. It may be direct, implied, ambiguous, concealed, revealed, portioned out or delivered in a single instant, or conveyed visually, through sound or dialogue—perhaps in increments the audience must connect for further realization. Emotion—the filmmaker’s most profound currency—is regarded also as the most important aspect of audience engagement. Orchestration, rather than the register of emotion, is considered in terms of its effective flow, as are the means by which the filmmaker evokes emotion—story, incident, character, performance, staging, camera, cutting, sound and music, and the control of tone and energy. The stimulation of visceral/tactile/neural sensation, illustrated by examples, is understood as touching on the raw humanity cinema reveals. Eroticism is recognized as presented primarily through a white male straight perspective for decades, although more recently conveyed from more diverse standpoints. Aspects of “creative vision” (often unconscious on the filmmaker’s part) are listed as theme, thematic question, tone, and voice, each examined, as are the ways of understanding theme. The chapter posits the paramount task of the filmmaker as the telling of the story. The filmmaker’s “two vectors” involve the screen as window into the fiction and address to the audience.
Dramatic Narrative
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

Understanding the foundations of dramatic narrative together with dramaturgy—the nexus of this and its representation on screen—is essential to consideration of practical aesthetics. Elements of dramatic narrative are listed in this chapter: world, characters, their configuration, story, the stakes and register of the drama, premise, theme, genre, structure, tone, passage of time, suspense, friction, and tension. Story—central to human interaction and understanding—is the imperative of cinema, offering cumulative gratification and demanding narrative logic and stakes that ultimately reveal a sense of meaning. Structure—traditional (three-act, five-act) or unconventional—is considered the framework of dramatic flow, its stanchions represented on screen by changes of tension, rhythm, tone, light, place, dynamics of shot size, and shifts in energy flow. The term narrative units—the building blocks of dramatic narrative—is used to encompass acts, movements, scenes, sequences, and vignettes moving the story forward or having other purposes such as suspense, wonder, resonance of emotion, revelation, new knowledge, or modulation of narrative momentum. The credibility and autonomy of characters are important: their relationship to narrative POV; function as an amalgam of fictional being and building block of story; categories; configuration; and presentation without judgment, as well as the impact of their individual natures on screen language adopted by the filmmaker. The world of the film, real or fantastical, needs to seem truthful in its physical and human/cultural aspects, whether it captures known environments or incorporates mythical elements. Dramatic narrative may be modified through the filmmaking process.
The Elements in Front of the Lens
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

The film’s fictional world is created in part from the physical reality of the film set and/or film location, and by action and performance before the camera, then manipulated by the filmmaker’s expansion or contraction of space by lensing and editing, the manipulation of time by editing, and the modulation of the flow of energy—the nature of what is depicted informed by framing, lensing, angle, lighting, and context. Sets and locations may appear larger or smaller than their actual dimensions according to lensing; the benefits and drawbacks of either option, along with budget and genre, determine the filmmaker’s decision-making process. They may constitute components of a composite fictional environment. Actors adopt multifarious approaches but can be divided into the camera aware and nonaware, the trained and the nonactor, categories that bear on staging, simple or complex, and how this is shot and cut, from simple to developing sequence shots involving “editing in camera.” Performance on screen may be a depiction of the actor’s realization before the camera, in a single take or in a master shot offering the actor a continuous take, or may have been modulated, even created, by the filmmaker’s coverage (angle, lighting, shot size, framing) and the multiple aspects of editing. The persona and energy of a character or milieu may inform camera and/or cutting, with the actor “possessing the frame” at crucial moments. On-set objects and equipment (film props) may be “fakes” of their fictional counterparts, not “practical,” and/or not complete but believable on screen.
Sound and Music in Relation to the Screen
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

In this chapter the multiple functions of sound and music are listed and discussed after the observation that there never was a “silent” cinema, and “the ear goes toward the within, the eye to the outer” (Bresson). Verisimilitude is seen as the most obvious function, creating a sense of environment and world while broadening or restricting this according to the filmmaker’s determination of “sonic plane.” The screen of the mind and the images on it, whether new or recollected by the audience from previous episodes, are understood to be stimulated by sounds. Eye trace may be determined by the connection of a sound to an image on the screen. A sound may be emphasized in the mix when significant to a particular character, thus becoming a resource for the articulation of narrative POV. Sound may also prove a resource for subliminal messaging, tonal dissonance, and irony (as opposed to tonal redundancy). Register, immersive experience of the audience, and the nature and effects of silence are also considered. The functions of music, whether non-diegetic or diegetic, are compared to the functions of sound previously discussed.
Ari Aster
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

The precocious accomplishment of Ari Aster’s Hereditary perhaps renders the virtues of its craft more accessible to those who might feel daunted by cinema history’s giants. The film is understood as a “genre movie,” depicting the horror of possession, of myth made immediate; it is a ghost story, conveying visceral or under-the-skin horror, a family tragedy, a conspiracy thriller. Such cross-fertilization is considered as inviting the depth of this filmmaker’s discourse and the practical aesthetics through which this is articulated. It also points to the filmmaker’s self-awareness: of the tropes of the horror movie and of cinematic language, tone, camera, and editing. Its world is comprised of both everyday elements and its nightmarish realm.
Hereditary
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

In this chapter the dinner scene is analyzed in the order of its sections: the simmer, the explosion, Peter’s riposte, and Annie’s exit. Each section is structured as follows: summary, questions (for audience, for reader), commentary, and conclusion (incorporating information conveyed, emotion, visceral sensation, and vision). Screenshots and forensic commentary provide step-by-step critical insights into the art of the filmmaker, in regards to storytelling, flow of emotion, staging, shooting and editing, and address to the audience. The chapter considers both cinematic art in general and the filmmaker’s chosen discourse for his film, specific instances of his art related to universal principles. The chapter follows the tense dinner—the subtext the guilt felt by Annie and by Peter over Charlie’s death and the need and attempts of each to project it onto the other—in which Annie erupts to accuse Peter and Peter subsequently reciprocates while Steve remains incapable of controlling the rancor. There follows consideration of the transition to the next scene.
Nomadland
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

The chapter analyzes the narrative and the visual language of the opening and ending of the film, which take place in Empire, Nevada, in the wake of the city’s gypsum plant closure. Protagonist Fern is leaving town in both sections—permanently, it would appear, in the second. In the first episode, Fern collects items from storage and sets off on the road. A comparison of the screenplay with the film reveals the filmmaker’s original intention of including a montage depicting scenes from Empire’s thriving past that is omitted from the movie, which benefits from its absence. The film’s final sequences are divided into three subsections: Fern lets go her possessions; the gypsum plant; and letting go, which tells the story of how Fern returns to Empire, gives away her stored possessions, and visits the deserted gypsum plant and her former home before setting out on the road for good. The screenplay and film for each subsection are contrasted; the page tends to incorporate more scenes and dialogue than the screen, an aspect used by the filmmaker to inform much of the more visual presentation of the movie’s corresponding denouement. Throughout, screenshots and forensic commentary provide step-by-step critical insights into the art of the filmmaker in regard to storytelling, flow of emotion, staging, shooting and editing, and address to the audience.
Conclusion
Authors: Markham Peter
Published: November 2023

The conclusion sets out in general terms apparently contradictory aspects of the filmmaker’s art, restates the concept of the aesthetics of the screen as a practical resource integral to the film’s address to the audience, and then summarizes the topics of the book. The places in which a film comes to life and the tasks of the filmmaker are briefly recapped. There follows a restating of specific aspects of the language of the screen: composition, mise en scène, the shot, and framing. Camera as concept—in its various relationships to its material—is touched upon, then camera angle, movement, axes of screen direction and camera movement, and lensing. The editorial process is summarized, followed by the topics of sound and music. The final paragraphs reflect on both the perennial and the shifting, innovative aspects of the filmmaker’s art—the latter often prompted by new diversity and cultural perspectives. The author concludes that, whatever the developing means of viewing a film, the art of the filmmaker continues to offer a conduit to our common humanity.
Coercive Control
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life identifies the elements, dynamics, and consequences of coercive control, which includes the harms it poses to liberty rights and privacy rights. The Domestic Violence Revolution that swept the globe in the late 20th century, failed to stem coercive control, the most common and devastating means used to subjugate women in personal and family life. This book provides an authoritative description of coercive control based on FBI statistics, health records, interviews with victims and perpetrators, and forensic analysis of dramatic cases from Evan Stark’s professional practice. Stark identifies “the coercive control framework” within which new laws, methods of policing and advocacy for women can end this form of abuse, advocates that coercive control be identified a “liberty” crime rather than a crime of violence, and critically appraises the recent adaptation of coercive control laws against the background of the global march towards equality.
Representing Battered Women
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

This chapter tackles the legal options for women who fight back, kill abusive partners, respond violently to abuse, or commit other crimes in the context of abuse. It explains the impact of refuge in providing safety for women fleeing for their lives. Corresponding to the emphasis on safety is the focus of expert testimony on abuse on a history of progressively more severe violence and other forms of oppression and the victim’s deteriorating psychological state due to trauma. This sympathetic account of victimization reinforces the sexist stereotypes that underlie the construction of woman abuse in the first place. The chapter notes how the law only protected abuse victims who had been compliant, sexually disinterested, and innocent, but not those who could be portrayed as predatory, cold-hearted, worldly-wise, and/or sex-crazed. Current–legal options do not adequately reflect how women respond to or retaliate against abuse.
The Theory of Coercive Control
Authors: Stark Evan
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents the theory of coercive control. The theory of coercive control explains why victims may experience living in a prison cell with no visible bars, The “generality” of coercive control refers to elements that partner abuse shares with kidnapping, hostage-taking, brain-washing and other “capture” crimes. Many of the control tactics involved, such as control over money or physical movement, have the objective character of material constraints and are often unnoticed and not normally associated with assault. The “particularity” of coercive control refers to the unique dimensions of the violence, and other tactics when they are deployed against partners in family or personal space. The particularity of coercive control includes the nature of the physical and sexual violence involved, the “spatiality” of the tactics and the unique subjectivity that is targeted. The Chapter also explains that the rights violated by coercive control are fundamental human rights.
Diversity, Endemism, and Biogeography of Island Snakes of the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Arnaud Gustavo , Sawaya Ricardo J. , Martins Marcio
Published: November 2023

A total of 31 islands in the Gulf of California harbor 38 species of snakes, with up to 13 occurring on a single island. Island area explained 57% of the species richness, whereas isolation was less important. Species richness was not different between oceanic and land-bridge islands. Islands with endemics (occurring on a single island) tended to be more isolated but were not different in area from islands without endemics. Only one species of insular snake from the Gulf, Crotalus catalinensis, is threatened globally, and six are in the Amenazada category of Mexico. The main threats to island snakes are invasive species, killing and illegal collection, human disturbances, and natural disasters. Important conservation actions that benefit island snakes are protected areas, education, and ex situ populations. The authors recommend studies exploring patterns of phylogenetic and functional diversity in the Gulf of California islands to better assess and conserve their biodiversity.
Portraying Power
Authors: Fossen Thomas
Published: November 2023

What is the relation between representing a regime (as, say, a parliamentary democracy or a police state) and judging its legitimacy? This chapter argues that the question of legitimacy is profoundly a matter of what power is like in a particular situation. Representing power is integral to judging legitimacy, not prior to it. This runs counter to the separation of practical and theoretical judgment on which normativist approaches rely. The chapter distinguishes different meanings of the concept of representation and analyzes the practice of representing power, proposing a moderate constructivism about the nature of authorities. Good judgment is conceived here as calling for truthful and virtuoso modes of practical involvement with the object of judgment, as well as a reflexive relation to one’s own judgmental activity. The argument is illustrated with reference to struggles for legitimacy in Egypt.
Continually Creating New Inner Psychological Space
Authors: Wicks Robert J. , Werdel Mary Beth
Published: November 2023

This introductory chapter outlines the structure of the book. It introduces the topic of resiliency for clinicians. It suggests that that clinicians must continually create new inner psychological space so that they may be available to clients and maintain a much needed perspective in the field of mental health. Through an ongoing processed of mindfulness, clinicians may seek to build inner resilience as a therapist long before burnout occurs. The three new chapters added in the second edition are reviewed briefly.
Christian Zionism in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Inbari Motti , Bumin Kirill
Published: November 2023

Christian Zionism in the Twenty-First Century: Evangelical Public Opinion on Israel explores religious beliefs and foreign policy attitudes of the largest religious movement in the United States, the evangelical and born-again Christians. This study draws on three original surveys compiled by the authors in 2018, 2020, and 2021. It analyzes the views of ordinary churchgoers and the evangelical elite (pastors) to understand the religious, social, and political factors that lead the members of this religious community to support the State of Israel in the Israeli–Palestinian dispute. Inbari and Bumin demonstrate that the contemporary evangelical and born-again community is a rich tapestry, full of important nuances and qualifications. Through rigorous quantitative analyses and careful textual study of ordinary evangelicals’ written comments, this book rectifies many misconceptions about who evangelical and born-again Christians are, about their sympathies toward Israel, the Jews, the Palestinians, and the sources of their foreign policy attitudes toward the Israeli–Palestinian dispute. Inbari and Bumin’s research focuses on addressing previously understudied generational differences, eschatological disagreements, and complex political opinions among American evangelical believers.
Introduction
Authors: Inbari Motti , Bumin Kirill
Published: November 2023

The Introduction offers the background to understand evangelical attitudes toward Israel from a historical and theological perspective. It also introduces the surveys that are the primary source material of the book. It begins with a discussion of the roots of general American support of Israel. It reviews the religious landscape and discusses the changes in opinion among mainline Protestants, who initially supported Israel after its creation but shifted their support closer to the Palestinians by the end of the twentieth century. The chapter then continues to discuss how and why evangelicals developed an interest in Jews and later in Israel. The chapter reviews the political collaboration that began between Menachem Begin, Israel’s prime minister, and Jerry Falwell, a prominent evangelist, in the 1970s and continues up to this today. The chapter ends with a discussion of the generational differences in evangelical support for Israel that emerged in the early twenty-first century.
American Evangelicals and the Arab–Israeli Dispute
Authors: Inbari Motti , Bumin Kirill
Published: November 2023

In chapter 2, we show that a significant portion of the evangelicals is indeed pro-Israel, expressing higher levels of (1) confidence that the Israelis will negotiate with the Palestinians in good faith, (2) trust in Israel’s faithful execution of an agreement if one is reached with the Palestinians, (3) support for Israeli annexation of the West Bank, and (4) support for non-interference by the international community in the conflict. We also discover that a large segment of the evangelicals supported the “neither agree nor disagree” option on several questions that asked them to pick pro-Israel or pro-Palestinian positions. Such responses could potentially reflect ambivalence or uncertainty about where respondents stand on the Israeli–Palestinian dispute. In terms of respondents’ action tendencies, we show that pro-Palestinian evangelicals are more likely than their pro-Israeli brethren to engage in high-intensity political action, such as contacting elected representatives, pledging financial support, or joining pro-Palestinian organizations.
Criminalization at the Margins
Authors: McGlynn Clare
Published: November 2023

Many countries have recently introduced new criminal laws to tackle online abuse, particularly criminalizing the nonconsensual taking and/or sharing of nude or sexual images, often known as image-based sexual abuse. While such reforms are generally welcomed, little attention has been given to the outer limits of such offenses or to addressing questions of the extent to which they criminalize activities at the margins of criminal wrongdoing. With questions increasingly being asked about the value of criminalization, this chapter examines the margins of image-based sexual abuse and provides the first detailed analysis of the criminalization of “downblousing.” It argues that while this is an intrusive activity interfering with the privacy and autonomy of victims, not all forms of downblousing should be subject to criminal sanctions.
Prosecuting Intimate Partner Sexual Violence
Authors: McDonald Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

This chapter draws on the analysis of 20 intimate partner rape trials in Aotearoa New Zealand over a 10-year period. Access to the audio of the complainants’ evidence allowed observation of judicial interactions and the tone and emotionality of the complainant. Matters that impacted complainant experience included the nature and content of personal judicial interaction with the complainant; the extent to which the judge controlled inappropriate questioning; and whether and how the judge rejected forensic use of myths and misconceptions when directing the jury or reaching a verdict in a judge-alone trial. Uniform, unexceptional, and consistent judicial conduct regarding all these aspects of trial process should change not only complainant experience but also public perception of what fair trial process looks like in adult rape cases. I conclude that judges need not have their role reimagined: The role they should be playing is clearly apparent, and good practices already exist.
“If It’s Good for the Goose, It’s Good for the Gander”
Authors: Reeves Ellen
Published: November 2023

The Australian state of Victoria has undergone significant reforms to its domestic and family violence legal system, most notably in the wake of 2016 the landmark Royal Commission into Family Violence (RCFV). The RCFV homed in on the issue of the misidentification of predominant aggressors by police and recommended that Victoria Police amend the Code of Practice for the Investigation of Family Violence to include specific guidelines on correctly identifying the predominant aggressor. Six years on, however, misidentification remains a significant issue. This chapter, drawing on qualitative interviews with legal system actors, examines the links and tensions between risk-averse policing practices, policy adherence, and the misidentification of predominant aggressors. The findings suggest that while some police officers may too rigidly adhere to policy, some are also circumventing policies that seek to minimize risk-averse practice. Both appear to increase the occurrence of misidentification.
Human Rights Penality, the Inter-American Approach to Violence Against Women, and the Local Effects of Centering Criminal Justice
Authors: Tapia Tapia Silvana
Published: November 2023

This chapter questions the protagonism afforded to criminal justice by the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) and many Latin American legislations in the domain of violence against women (VAW). Relevant case law is reviewed, and the Inter-American standards in this field are interrogated. The chapter also traces some of the effects that can be linked to said standards by bringing forward Ecuador as a case study. Existing empirical data show high attrition rates, a persistence of VAW, and a reduction of the services provided to victim-survivors, which suggests a failure of “human rights penality” to adequately respond to women’s needs and expectations. The chapter concludes that, in enhancing penality, the Inter-American model facilitates the undermining of survivors’ experiences, overlooking alternative, nonpenal, approaches to justice, which could better address women’s living conditions and the structural factors that produce VAW.
Dangerous Liaisons
Authors: Polavarapu Aparna
Published: November 2023

Restorative justice is increasingly gaining attention in the United States as a noncriminal option to address gender-based violence. Where the criminal system can be deeply traumatizing and harmful or even simply unsatisfactory for survivors, restorative justice is an attractive option that can avoid retraumatization, permit deep exploration of people’s experiences of the violence, and seek outcomes that are designed to repair harm and prevent future harm from occurring. But developing such practices requires care and deliberation. Even as survivors and antiviolence advocates critique state criminal practices, some restorative justice practices are developed in collaboration with the state. Acknowledging that this collaboration may be necessary to reach those already entangled with the state, this chapter considers the limitations and dangers of state involvement in restorative justice and suggests caution.
An Expanding Universe
Authors: Salem Joseph
Published: November 2023

Chapter 10 combines a discussion of Boulez’s rise as a conductor with a consideration of several unpublished works. Both have major ramifications for his creative process. In “Becoming Bourgeois (and a Conductor),” Boulez’s activities as music director, conductor, and administrator have a profound impact on his approach to composition, including his aesthetics and experimentalism. His activities and later reflections highlight how quickly he converted knowledge from the podium into his practices as a composer. This prepares a discussion of several key unpublished manuscripts. In partial reaction to his increasingly busy schedule, Boulez’s reliance on revision—and now, overt transcription—increased significantly. Several unpublished works connecting back to 1955 highlight the continual presence of self-borrowing in Boulez’s oeuvre as a complement to serialism and his blocs sonores. More than any other phase, this path of experimentation synthesizes Boulez as a musician—composer, conductor, arranger, collaborator—in ways that epitomize his formative period.
Epilogue
Authors: Salem Joseph
Published: November 2023

This short epilogue introduces sketches from the revisions to Don as a means for summarizing the primary conclusions of the book. First, Boulez’s use of revision and self-borrowing increased as a direct result of his activities as a performer, conductor, and music administrator. Second, blocs sonores played a major role in his development as a composer. Blocs sonores sped up his ability to compose and facilitated new relationships among his works. They also contributed to his concept of “diagonal” polyphony in essential ways. Finally, Boulez’s use of non-musical influences changed over time, from the problematic imitation of modernist concepts to more intuitive uses of poststructuralist ones. Boulez’s aesthetic shift provides a way for bifurcating his output and corresponds with the changing reception of his works. It also lays the foundation for possible (and multiple) hermeneutic approaches to his music.
English Debates about Slavery and Race
Authors: Jorati Julia
Published: November 2023

This chapter focuses almost exclusively on eight authors from eighteenth-century England: Edward Trelawny, Thomas Rutherforth, the anonymous author of Two Dialogues on the Man-Trade, Thomas Clarkson, Dorothy Kilner, Quobna Ottobah Cugoano, Olaudah Equiano, and Mary Wollstonecraft. All these authors criticize slavery—or at least some aspects of it—but they do so in intriguingly different ways. Three themes are particularly important in the English debate about slavery: arguments for the humanity and personhood of Black people, the origins of racist beliefs or biases, and the alleged natural differences between Black and White people that, according to some proponents of slavery, make Black people natural slaves.
Introduction
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward
Published: November 2023

This introduction sets the stage for the work as a whole by introducing the ways in which Sabhapati Swami’s teachings on yoga are an important record of the vernacular language movement in South Asia as well as its intersection with Sanskrit. It challenges the prevailing periodization of “Modern Yoga” and argues for more nuance in treating authors of yoga in the colonial period, especially by avoiding debates over authenticity and by instead shifting to more neutral theories of “translocalization” or “transculturation.” The introduction then goes over a summary of each chapter in depth, provides a statement on the methodology employed in this research, and states the support through which the research was carried out.
Hagiographies and Old Diary Leaves
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents the first comprehensive summary of Sabhapati Swami’s life from all available sources, including multiple hagiographical accounts published in and/or translated into English, Hindustani, Tamil, Bengali, and Urdu, as well as archival records and the surviving records of his editors, followers, and students. Significant attention is given to the details of Sabhapati’s early life, the various sacred sites he visited across South Asia, intersections with the rishi Agastya and the Tamil Siddha movement, his editor Shrish Chandra Basu (S. C. Vasu), the founders of the Theosophical Society, and students Om Prakash Swamigal and Konnur Ramalinga Swamigal. Consideration is also given to the evidence for the date and location of Sabhapati’s death, and the existence of his tumulus (jīvasamādhi).
Seeds of a Cosmological Religion
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents a systematic overview of the cosmology-based religious teachings that form the foundation of Sabhapati’s teachings on Śivarājayoga. The chapter first analysis both of Sabhapati’s two gurus, Chidambara Swamigal and the semilegendary Shivajnana Bodha, including how their milieus intersected. The chapter then presents an overview as to how Sabhapati’s teachings reflect an embodied cosmos filled with “faculties” (tattva) that are located in the external world as well as the internal human body, and how these are identified as a “tree universally spread.” The chapter then offers an overview as to how these teachings connect with Tamil Saiva discourses on the transcendent Shiva (civam), and closes with Sabhapati’s views on various religions and movements.
Magical Fruits of Occult Yoga
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward
Published: November 2023

This chapter analyzes the reception history of Sabhapati’s literature and teachings among modern occultists in Europe, North America, and South Asia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and treats the question of Orientalist interpretations of his work. The chapter begins by considering Sabhapati’s reception in Theosophy after having met the founders of the Theosophical Society, Henry Olcott and Helena Blavatsky, and analyzes his contribution to the society’s esoteric discourses on astral travel. The chapter then shifts to a consideration of Franz Hartmann and the way in which Sabhapati’s ideas on the subtle body were translated into German and also framed and interpreted as a kind of magic and with recourse to Christian mysticism and the Bhagavad Gita. The chapter then continues with a survey of the integration of Sabhapati’s teachings on Śivarājayoga and the Śivaliṅga in the “Thelemic Magick” of Aleister Crowley. The final part of the chapter summarizes the New Thought author William Estep’s reprinting of Sabhapati’s literature for an American audience.
Nationalized Politics
Authors: Carson Jamie L. , Sievert Joel , Williamson Ryan D.
Published: November 2023

Politics and elections in the United States have become increasingly nationalized. Voters now seem more concerned with which of the two national parties will be in power across all levels of government rather than which candidate will represent them individually. The phenomenon has reached levels unseen since the 19th century, when the strong linkage between presidential and subnational voting was a result of electoral institutions in use. With the adoption of Progressive Era reforms such as the Australian ballot and the direct primary, elections became far less nationalized throughout the first half of the 1900s, which allowed for an increased role for incumbency and more candidate-centered congressional elections. The recent resurgence of nationalization, however, is typically viewed as a function of decisions made by voters. Although we are beginning to see the effects of increased nationalization in several respects, we still do not have a firm grasp of the factors that may be contributing to nationalization in the modern era, nor do we fully understand its consequences. In seeking to shed light on this important topic, this book investigates how nationalization has influenced elections across different political eras, leveraging historical variation in nationalization by analyzing congressional elections from 1840 to 2020. By examining nearly two centuries of elections, this study exploits considerable differences in nationalization, polarization, competition, rules, candidate behavior, voter preferences, and partisan advantage via the incumbency advantage. This book is the first to study such a wide swath of elections history in such a comprehensive fashion.
Introduction
Authors: Dynner Glenn
Published: November 2023

This chapter lays out the theoretical foundation for the current study, invoking postcolonial, Diaspora, and cultural resistance theories to illuminate how Hasidic leaders—much like other Diaspora and colonized groups—resisted and subverted state “civilizing” projects and new, enticing varieties of Jewish secularism by means of a vibrant traditionalism. The state’s contradictory policy of coercive acculturation amid ongoing discrimination inadvertently strengthened Hasidic leaders, who proceeded to institutionalize and mobilize devotional Torah education on a such a scale that it fueled a late Hasidic revival. As the Hasidic yeshiva began to displace the Hasidic court and Hasidic leaders began to be known more for scholarship and teaching than magic and miracle-working, Hasidism was transformed into a more intellectualist endeavor.
Weathering the Crisis
Authors: Dynner Glenn
Published: November 2023

During the first decades of the twentieth century, many Hasidic leaders feared for the movement’s future, as enticing secularist Jewish movements began to thrive and the First World War destroyed Hasidic communities. Yet secularist Jewish successes and widespread physical devastation did not cause an insurmountable crisis. Often, these challenges proved more galvanizing than demoralizing, pushing Hasidic leaders to dramatically reconceive their school systems and philanthropical and political support networks. During the war and its immediate aftermath, Hasidic leaders began to revamp the traditionalist primary school (heder), establish elite men’s yeshivas, and sponsor an unprecedented traditionalist female school network, Bais Yaakov, founded by Sarah Schenirer. Many of these institutions incorporated secular education and progressive educational methods. These innovative responses to crisis laid the groundwork for a Hasidic pedagogical revolution and wholesale revival.
Against Aguda
Authors: Dynner Glenn
Published: November 2023

Critics charged that Hasidic party politics was taking on a life of its own, to the detriment of Torah study. Even Aguda-affiliated rebbes signaled ambivalence by promoting expressly apolitical study fellowships for their most serious young scholars. More damningly, prominent detractors from party politics like the Bobover and Lubavitcher rebbes found that they could usually achieve their main objectives—especially the promotion and protection of Torah education—in the manner of the old-style intercessor (shtadlan) and without resorting to the kinds of compromises associated with party politics. Their continuation of “politics without party politics” is illustrated through the well-documented Lubavitcher triumph over Zionists in the town of Glubok.
Hasidism during the Holocaust
Authors: Dynner Glenn
Published: November 2023

During the Nazi invasion of Poland, the main Hasidic priority was to rescue those considered to be human repositories of Torah knowledge—rebbes, rabbis, advanced yeshiva students, and to a lesser extent Bais Yaakov students and teachers—by helping them flee to neutral Lithuania and thence to Shanghai and other locales outside of Europe. Those Hasidim who remained behind were easily victimized in the ensuing Holocaust. Some succumbed to the brutal conditions, some collaborated, some hid, and some fought as partisans. Yet a number of Hasidic men and women organized clandestine Torah study groups in ghettos across Nazi-occupied Poland, symbolically repudiating a Western culture whose murderous potential had been fully exposed. The latter group sustained Polish Hasidism’s pedagogical revival amid the most extreme conditions.
Karl Gottlieb Freudenberg’s Erinnerungen aus dem Leben eines alten Organisten and Bach Reception in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Stinson Russell
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores what the autobiography of the organist Karl Gottlieb G. Freudenberg tells us about the reception of Bach’s music during the nineteenth century. In these memoirs, Freudenberg discusses various free and chorale-based organ works by Bach as well as the composer’s St. Matthew Passion. He relates how Beethoven thought of Bach not as a “brook” but an “ocean,” how Freudenberg allowed Felix Mendelssohn access to an unpublished Bach prelude and fugue (BWV 533) against the wishes of Mendelssohn’s (antisemitic) teacher, how Freudenberg’s performance of a particular organ chorale (BWV 759) so amused Franz Liszt, and how Freudenberg played Bach’s harmonization of the chorale “Was mein Gott will, das g’scheh allzeit” (“What my God wants, may it always happen”) at the funeral of the young son of his colleague Johann Theodor Mosewius. Freudenberg was one of the most ardent Bach champions of the era.