bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensification of resveratrol cytotoxicity, pro-apoptosis, oxidant potentials in human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells using zein nanoparticles
Authors: Khayat Maan T. , Zarka Mohamed A. , El-Telbany Dalia Farag. A. , El-Halawany Ali M. , Kutbi Hussam Ibrahim , Elkhatib Walid F. , Noreddin Ayman M. , Khayyat Ahdab N. , El-Telbany Rania Farag A. , Hammad Sherif F. , Abdel-Naim Ashraf B. , Alolayan Ebtesam M. , Al-Sawahli Majid Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Resveratrol (RSV), a non-flavonoid stilbene polyphenol, possesses anti-carcinogenic activities against all the major stages of cancer. Zein nanoparticles (ZN NPs) have been utilized successfully in delivery of variant therapeuticals by virtue of their histocompatible nature. The goal of this work was to comparatively explore the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and oxidative stress potentials of RSV-ZN NPs versus RSV against human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells. ZN-RSV NPs were developed and assayed for particle size analysis and RSV diffusion. The selected formula obtained 137.6 ± 8.3 nm as mean particle size, 29.4 ± 1.8 mV zeta potential, 92.3 ± 3.6% encapsulation efficiency. IC50 of the selected formula was significantly lower against HCT-116 cells versus Caco-2 cells. Also, significantly enhanced cellular uptake was generated from RSV-ZN NPs versus free RSV. Enhanced apoptosis was concluded due to increased percentage cells in G2-M and pre-G1 phases. The pro-apoptotic potential was explained by caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 increased mRNA expression in addition to NF-κB and miRNA125b decreased expression. Biochemically, ZN-RSV NPs induced oxidative stress as demonstrated by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoenzyme increased levels. Conclusively, ZN-RSV NPs obtained cell cycle inhibition supported with augmented cytotoxicity, uptake and oxidative stress markers levels in HCT-116 tumor cells in comparison with free RSV. These results indicated intensified chemopreventive profile of RSV due to effective delivery utilizing ZN nano-dispersion against colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells.
Establishment and evaluation of a risk-prediction model for hypertension in elderly patients with NAFLD from a health management perspective
Authors: Zhang An , Luo Xin , Pan Hong , Shen Xinxin , Liu Baocheng , Li Dong , Sun Jijia
Published: September 2022

Elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are at a higher risk of developing. This study established an effective, individualised, early Hypertension risk-prediction model and proposed health management advice for patients over 60 years of age with NAFLD. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and biochemical tests were conducted in 11,136 participants. The prevalence of NAFLD among 11,136 participants was 52.1%. Risk factors were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model and random forest model. A risk-prediction model was established using logistic regression analysis and a dynamic nomogram was drawn. The model was evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, net reclassification index (NRI), and external validation. The results suggested that the model showed moderate predictive ability. The area under curve (AUC) of internal validation was 0.707 (95% CI: 0.688–0.727) and the AUC of external validation was 0.688 (95% CI: 0.672–0.705). The calibration plots showed good calibration, the risk threshold of the decision curve was 30–56%, and the NRI value was 0.109. This Hypertension risk factor model may be used in clinical practice to predict the Hypertension risk in NAFLD patients.
Characterisation of HOIP RBR E3 ligase conformational dynamics using integrative modelling
Authors: Kausas Marius , Esposito Diego , Rittinger Katrin , Fraternali Franca
Published: September 2022

Multidomain proteins composed of individual domains connected by flexible linkers pose a challenge for structural studies due to their intrinsic conformational dynamics. Integrated modelling approaches provide a means to characterise protein flexibility by combining experimental measurements with molecular simulations. In this study, we characterise the conformational dynamics of the catalytic RBR domain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP, which regulates immune and inflammatory signalling pathways. Specifically, we combine small angle X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to generate weighted conformational ensembles of the HOIP RBR domain using two different approaches based on maximum parsimony and maximum entropy principles. Both methods provide optimised ensembles that are instrumental in rationalising observed differences between SAXS-based solution studies and available crystal structures and highlight the importance of interdomain linker flexibility.
Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of marine palaemonid shrimps (Palaemonidae: Palaemonella–Cuapetes group)
Authors: Frolová Pavlína , Horká Ivona , Ďuriš Zdeněk
Published: September 2022

Palaemonidae is the most speciose shrimp family within the infraorder Caridea, composed predominately of freshwater species and marine symbiotic species. The subject of this study is a clade of mainly free-living marine taxa representing a basally separated lineage from most of the symbiotic marine palaemonid genera. Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships were explored by analysing sequence data from two mitochondrial and four nuclear markers. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, based on sequences from 52 species of 11 genera, provided similar tree topologies revealing the generaPalaemonella,CuapetesandEupontoniaas non-monophyletic groups. Divergence time and S-DIVA analyses reveals that the focal clade originated during the Late Cretaceous in the Paleotethys region respective to the present Indo-West Pacific area, a minor part of which spread out to the eastern Pacific during the Paleocene, followed by further migration into the Atlantic (before the closure of the Panama Isthmus). The ancestral state reconstruction of host associations revealed eight independent symbiotic lineages originating from free-living ancestors, entering primary symbioses. The first associations with Cnidaria are estimated to have evolved in the Eocene. This study points to the need of taxonomic revisions of the non-monophyletic genera concerned.
Explainable artificial intelligence through graph theory by generalized social network analysis-based classifier
Authors: Ucer Serkan , Ozyer Tansel , Alhajj Reda
Published: September 2022

We propose a new type of supervised visual machine learning classifier, GSNAc, based on graph theory and social network analysis techniques. In a previous study, we employed social network analysis techniques and introduced a novel classification model (called Social Network Analysis-based Classifier—SNAc) which efficiently works with time-series numerical datasets. In this study, we have extended SNAc to work with any type of tabular data by showing its classification efficiency on a broader collection of datasets that may contain numerical and categorical features. This version of GSNAc simply works by transforming traditional tabular data into a network where samples of the tabular dataset are represented as nodes and similarities between the samples are reflected as edges connecting the corresponding nodes. The raw network graph is further simplified and enriched by its edge space to extract a visualizable ‘graph classifier model—GCM’. The concept of the GSNAc classification model relies on the study of node similarities over network graphs. In the prediction step, the GSNAc model maps test nodes into GCM, and evaluates their average similarity to classes by employing vectorial and topological metrics. The novel side of this research lies in transforming multidimensional data into a 2D visualizable domain. This is realized by converting a conventional dataset into a network of ‘samples’ and predicting classes after a careful and detailed network analysis. We exhibit the classification performance of GSNAc as an effective classifier by comparing it with several well-established machine learning classifiers using some popular benchmark datasets. GSNAc has demonstrated superior or comparable performance compared to other classifiers. Additionally, it introduces a visually comprehensible process for the benefit of end-users. As a result, the spin-off contribution of GSNAc lies in the interpretability of the prediction task since the process is human-comprehensible; and it is highly visual.
Analysis of time-dependent changes in the FIB4 index in patients with obesity receiving weight reduction therapy
Authors: Kawai Shiori , Yamakage Hajime , Kotani Kazuhiko , Noda Mitsuhiko , Satoh-Asahara Noriko , Hashimoto Koshi
Published: September 2022

Weight reduction therapy represents a fundamental strategy to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with obesity, which may result in liver fibrosis. Histological findings previously demonstrated that weight reduction therapy attenuated NAFLD. The FIB4 index is widely used to assess the status of NAFLD. The present study investigated whether the FIB4 index improved during weight reduction therapy. We used cohort data of the Japan Obesity and Metabolic syndrome Study and examined the correlation between body weight (BW) loss (BW loss) and changes in the FIB4 index (ΔFIB4 index) in patients who successfully reduced their BW by more than 5% from baseline BW after 3, 6, and 12 months (M) of weight reduction therapy. A negative correlation (r = −0.342, p = 0.029) was observed between BW loss and FIB4 index after 3 M, but not after 6 M, whereas a positive correlation (r = 0.298, p = 0.03) was noted after 12 M. These results revealed changes in the correlation between ΔBW loss and ΔFIB4 index during the therapy, mainly due to time-dependent changes in components of the FIB4 index formula. Thus, we concluded that the FIB4 index is useful and reliable to assess liver fibrosis until 3 M during weight reduction therapy. However, after 3 M, we should recognize that the FIB4 index may not reflect liver status. Therefore, it is important to consider this characteristic of the FIB4 index as a limitation when assessing liver fibrosis in obese patients receiving weight reduction therapy.
Effect of heat shield locations on rework-induced thermal management in ball grid array solder joint
Authors: Ismail Adlil Aizat , Bakar Maria Abu , Ehsan Abang Annuar , Jalar Azman , Burke John , Zolkefli Zol Effendi , Basiron Erwan
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the effectiveness of heat shield placement locations during the rework process to avoid thermal and mechanical damage to adjacent ball grid array components and their solder joints on double-sided printed circuit board assembly. Three types of heat shield placement locations were used: sample X, individual heat shield placement on adjacent components of the rework location; sample Y, a U-shaped, and sample Z, a square-shaped heat shield placed respectively at the heat source location. The dye and pull test results, infrared thermography, and temperature measurements were analysed to understand the relationship between the location of the heat shield and solder joint damage during rework. Heat shield placement at the heat source location on the reworked component can reduce the peak temperatures on the adjacent rework component locations by up to 8.18%. The peak temperatures of the centre and corner of the BGA component can be maintained below 195 °C and 210 °C, respectively to improve the adjacent rework component locations' solder joint quality by reducing solder joint damage by more than 50% solder cracks. This is useful for thermal management during rework involving high-density ball grid array component placements on double-sided printed circuit board assembly.
Degree-corrected distribution-free model for community detection in weighted networks
Authors: Qing Huan
Published: September 2022

A degree-corrected distribution-free model is proposed for weighted social networks with latent structural information. The model extends the previous distribution-free models by considering variation in node degree to fit real-world weighted networks, and it also extends the classical degree-corrected stochastic block model from un-weighted network to weighted network. We design an algorithm based on the idea of spectral clustering to fit the model. Theoretical framework on consistent estimation for the algorithm is developed under the model. Theoretical results when edge weights are generated from different distributions are analyzed. We also propose a general modularity as an extension of Newman’s modularity from un-weighted network to weighted network. Using experiments with simulated and real-world networks, we show that our method significantly outperforms the uncorrected one, and the general modularity is effective.
Room temperature synthesis of water-soluble spherical particles of a uniform diameter composed of carbon nanobelts and C60 molecules
Authors: Choi Sieun , Kurosu Shunji , Mashiko Yuta , Minakawa Takanobu , Maekawa Toru
Published: September 2022

A carbon nanobelt (CNB) is a loop of fused benzene rings and a C60 molecule is a football shaped fullerene composed of 60 carbon atoms. In this study, we synthesize uniform spherical particles composed of (6,6)CNBs and C60 molecules in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at room temperature via bottom-up self-assembly, setting the molar concentrations of (6,6)CNBs and C60 molecules at appropriate values, and find that the particles are monodisperse even in water. The present room temperature synthetic methodology may well be applied to the creation of nano/micro structures/materials using basic carbon nano units such as cycloparaphenylene (CPP, carbon nanorings) and fullerenes; e.g., C60, C70 and C59N.
A spectral reflectance-based approach for formulating color mixing recipes for single- and multi-layered woven structures
Authors: Chae Youngjoo
Published: September 2022

The color of yarn dyed woven fabrics comes from a series of different colored yarns mixed in complex ways and various proportions. Thus, predicting the color mixing effect or formulating the recipe is a difficult task which should consider the interaction between colored yarns and structure variations. Color mixing recipes, which are also called color prediction models, for woven fabrics have generally been derived through the two-dimensional modeling of woven structures. In this study, the three-dimensional geometrical and colorimetrical modelings of single-, double-, and three-layered woven fabrics in a wide range of colors were conducted to obtain two types of optimal spectral reflectance-based color prediction models. Through model evaluations, the obtained three-dimensional color prediction models were proved to have much higher predictive accuracy, especially in terms of lightness and chroma predictions, than that of the two-dimensional color prediction models previously developed.
Effects of animal manure and nitrification inhibitor on N2O emissions and soil carbon stocks of a maize cropping system in Northeast China
Authors: Dong Dan , Yang Weichao , Sun Hao , Kong Shuang , Xu Hui
Published: September 2022

The incorporation of animal manure (AM) in soil plays an essential role in soil carbon sequestration but might induce higher soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) is an effective strategy to abate N2O emission in agro-ecosystems. However, very few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of applying NI under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers for increasing soil carbon sequestration and reducing N2O emissions simultaneously in Northeast China. Here, a four-year field experiment was conducted with three treatments [inorganic fertilizer (NPK), inorganic fertilizer + manure (NPKM), and inorganic fertilizer with NI + manure (NPKI + M)], in a rainfed maize cropping system in Northeast China. Plots of different treatments were kept in the same locations for 4 years. Gas samples were collected using the static closed chamber technique, and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in gas samples was quantified using a gas chromatograph. Soil organic carbon sequestration rate (SOCSR) was calculated based on the changes in SOC from April 2012 to October 2015. Averaged over the four years, AM incorporation significantly increased soil N2O emissions by 25.8% (p < 0.05), compared to NPK treatment. DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) significantly decreased N2O emissions by 32.5% (p < 0.05) relative to NPKM treatment. SOC content was significantly elevated by 24.1% in the NPKI + M treatment than the NPK treatment after four years of manure application (p < 0.05). The annual topsoil SOCSR for the NPKM and NPKI + M treatments was 0.57 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 1.02 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of NPK treatment (− 0.61 Mg ha−1 yr−1, p < 0.05). AM addition significantly increased the aboveground biomass and crop yields of maize in the fourth year. Overall, combined application of DMPP, inorganic fertilizer and AM is strongly recommended in this rainfed maize cropping system, which can increase maize yield and SOC sequestration rate, and mitigate N2O emission.
The barriers to whole-grain consumption among Iranian students
Authors: Ariya Mohammad , Esmaeilinezhad Zahra , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Dindarloo Mohammad Mehdi , Karimi Farzaneh , Kaveh Fatemeh , Marzban Sahar , Hormozi Kimia , Barati-Boldaji Reza
Published: September 2022

Studies show that regularly consuming whole grains reduce the risk of obesity and a wide range of chronic diseases. Despite this, studies reveal that students are consuming fewer whole grains. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the barriers to the consumption of whole grains among Iranian students. This cross-sectional study examined students at Fasa, Iran in 2020–2021. The online questionnaires were completed by students after receiving informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression (P > 0.05). The current study involved 1890 students (1287 (68.1%) girls and 603 (31.9%) boys). Despite the preference for white flour bread among 53.8% of all students, 77.4% ate other whole-grain products, and 75.2% consumed all products at least once a week. Additionally, barriers such as access issues (70.5%), family supply issues (91.8%), lack appeal (72.8%), non-consumption by classmates (96.2%), and high prices in recent years (43.9%) were identified as obstacles to whole grain consumption. Furthermore, white bread eating students had significantly lower appetite levels and tended to eat fast food more often than those who ate whole grains (P < 0.05). We found that slightly more than half of the participants preferred to eat bread prepared with refined flour. Several other factors, including lack of access, lack of attractiveness, product price, parents not purchasing whole-grain products, students not paying attention to nutrition labels, peers’ effect, and eating with friends instead of family, also contribute to students avoiding whole-grain products.
Serum fingerprinting by slippery liquid-infused porous SERS for non-invasive lung cancer detection
Authors: Cai Chenlei , Liu Yujie , Li Jiayu , Wang Lei , Zhang Kun
Published: September 2022

Direct and label-free analysis of clinical serum samples using slippery liquid-infused porous-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SLIPSERS) enables the rapid non-invasive identification of lung cancer.
A montmorillonite-modification strategy enabling long cycling stability of dual-ion batteries
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Huanwen , Shi Xiaojun , Yang Caihong , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Jin Jun , Gong Yansheng , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming
Published: September 2022

Montmorillonite is employed to build a novel electrode/electrolyte interface in dual-ion batteries, which can reduce the electrolyte decomposition and maintain the structural integrity of graphite during the PF6−-intercalation process.
Water adsorption in porous organic crystals of adamantane-bearing macrocycles
Authors: Tominaga Masahide , Hyodo Tadashi , Mizuno Kosuke , Kawahata Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Kentaro
Published: September 2022

Adamantane-based macrocycles with pyrazine or tetrazine units afforded porous crystals with distinct surface properties of 1D pores, which captured multiple water molecules from the air or liquid water in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion.
Unveiling the structure of aqueous magnesium nitrate solutions by combining X-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations
Authors: Wang Yunxia , Wang Guangguo , Bowron Daniel T. , Zhu Fayan , Hannon Alex C. , Zhou Yongquan , Liu Xing , Shi Guosheng
Published: September 2022

With the increase of concentration, the free hydrated ions in magnesium nitrate solution change into contact ion pairs and ion cluster structures.
An advanced bath model to simulate association followed by ensuing dissociation dynamics of benzene + benzene system: a comparative study of gas and condensed phase results
Authors: Ahamed Sk. Samir , Mahanta Himashree , Paul Amit K.
Published: September 2022

The role of the environment (N2 molecules) on the association followed by the ensuing dissociation reaction of benzene + benzene system is studied here with the help of a new code setup.
SERDs: a case study in targeted protein degradation
Authors: Wang Lucia , Sharma Abhishek
Published: September 2022

This tutorial review summarizes the recent progress of SERDs and their mechanism of action in the broader context of targeted protein degradation.
Three metal complexes with a pyridyl Schiff base: cytotoxicity, migration and mechanism of apoptosis
Authors: Zhou Feiya , Gao Fangxin , Chang Qinghua , Yang Xianfeng , Liang Lili
Published: September 2022

Three metal complexes were synthesized with a pyridyl Schiff ligand. 2 had the best antiproliferative activity against SMMC-7721 cells and 3 had the best antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with single-digit IC50 values.
Achieving regioselective materials binding using multidomain peptides
Authors: Jin Ruitao , Brljak Nermina , Sangrigoli Robert , Walsh Tiffany R. , Knecht Marc R.
Published: September 2022

The ability to integrate two disparate materials-binding domains into a single ligand to achieve regiospecific binding would be powerful to direct material assembly; however, this has proven challenging to achieve due to cross-materials binding.
Integrating ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in an iron chalcogenide monolayer: a first-principles study
Authors: Pang Kaijuan , Xu Xiaodong , Wei Yadong , Ying Tao , Li Weiqi , Yang Jianqun , Li Xingji , Jiang Yongyuan , Zhang Guiling , Tian Weiquan
Published: September 2022

Due to the coupling between electric dipole and magnetic dipole, this iron chalcogenide has great applications in multiferrotronics with more degree of engineering regulation.
BF3·OEt2-mediated nucleophilic fluorocyclization of sulfonyl 3-methylene-oxabenzocyclooctan-6-ones. Diastereocontrolled synthesis of benzofused fluorooxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes
Authors: Hsueh Nai-Chen , Chang Meng-Yang
Published: September 2022

We describe the diastereocontrolled preparation of novel sulfonyl benzofused fluorooxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes, including (i) NaBH4-mediated reduction and (ii) BF3·OEt2-mediated intramolecular nucleophilic fluorocyclization.
A double-spiro ring-structured mechanophore with dual-signal mechanochromism and multistate mechanochemical behavior: non-sequential ring-opening and multimodal analysis
Authors: Hu Huan , Cheng Xin , Ma Zhimin , Wang Zhijian , Ma Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

We have developed a novel aminobenzopyranoxanthene-based mechanophore with a dual-signal response and two mechanogenerated ring-opened isomers, of which the relative distribution is modulated by external force based on the heat–force equilibrium.
A3B-type miktoarm star polymer nanoassemblies prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization
Authors: Zhang Xinru , Wei Zhiqiang , Liu Kai , Wang Li , Yang Wantai
Published: September 2022

The investigation on a series of A3B-type miktoarm star polymer assemblies by RAFT PISA has revealed the role of A3B architecture in delaying morphological transitions, and the formation of larger vesicles as well as other interesting morphologies.
An Analysis of Right Hemisphere Stroke Discourse in the Modern Cookie Theft Picture
Authors: Berube Shauna K. , Goldberg Emily , Sheppard Shannon M. , Durfee Alexandra Zezinka , Ubellacker Delaney , Walker Alexandra , Stein Colin M. , Hillis Argye E.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Adults with right hemisphere damage demonstrate differences in connected speech compared to controls, but systematic, quantitative methods to capture these differences are lacking. The current study aimed to (a) investigate if measures using the Modern Cookie Theft picture description would identify discourse differences in acute right hemisphere stroke, and (b) examine if discourse differences were associated with documented cognitive impairment.

Method:

Eighty-four participants completed the Modern Cookie Theft picture description within 5 days of right hemisphere stroke. Descriptions were analyzed for multiple microlinguistic characteristics. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for documented presence of cognitive impairment.

Results:

Individuals with acute right hemisphere stroke produced fewer content units, total syllables, and lower left–right content unit ratios compared to controls, indicating a paucity of informativeness. Presence of cognitive impairment was associated with fewer content units produced.

Conclusions:

Multiple measures of microlinguistic discourse characteristics differentiated adults with right hemisphere stroke from controls, highlighting variations in both the quantity and quality of connected speech. Findings continue to underscore the contribution and correlation between cognitive skills and discourse performance. Future work is needed to assess the relationship between particular cognitive domains and discourse production as well as to investigate longitudinal changes to discourse production during stroke recovery.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20778541
Hubble Asteroid Hunter
Authors: Garvin Emily O. , Kruk Sandor , Cornen Claude , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Cañameras Raoul , Merín Bruno
Published: September 2022

Context. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archives constitute a rich dataset of high-resolution images to mine for strong gravitational lenses. While many HST programmes specifically target strong lenses, they can also be present by coincidence in other HST observations.

Aims. Our aim is to identify non-targeted strong gravitational lenses, without any prior selection on the lens properties, in almost two decades of images from the ESA HST archive (eHST).

Methods. We used crowdsourcing on the Hubble Asteroid Hunter (HAH) citizen science project to identify strong lenses, along with asteroid trails, in publicly available large field-of-view HST images. We visually inspected 2354 objects tagged by citizen scientists as strong lenses to clean the sample and identify the genuine lenses.

Results. We report the detection of 252 strong gravitational lens candidates, which were not the primary targets of the HST observations. A total of 198 of them are new, not previously reported by other studies, consisting of 45 A grades, 74 B grades and 79 C grades. The majority are galaxy-galaxy configurations. The newly detected lenses are, on average, 1.3 magnitudes fainter than previous HST searches. This sample of strong lenses with high-resolution HST imaging is ideal to follow up with spectroscopy for lens modelling and scientific analyses.

Conclusions. This paper presents the unbiased search of lenses that enabled us to find a wide variety of lens configurations, including exotic lenses. We demonstrate the power of crowdsourcing in visually identifying strong lenses and the benefits of exploring large archival datasets. This study shows the potential of using crowdsourcing in combination with artificial intelligence for the detection and validation of strong lenses in future large-scale surveys such as ESA’s Euclid mission or in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) archival images.
ulisse: A tool for one-shot sky exploration and its application for detection of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Doorenbos Lars , Torbaniuk Olena , Cavuoti Stefano , Paolillo Maurizio , Longo Giuseppe , Brescia Massimo , Sznitman Raphael , Márquez-Neila Pablo
Published: September 2022

Context.Modern sky surveys are producing ever larger amounts of observational data, which makes the application of classical approaches for the classification and analysis of objects challenging and time consuming. However, this issue may be significantly mitigated by the application of automatic machine and deep learning methods.

Aims.We proposeulisse, a new deep learning tool that, starting from a single prototype object, is capable of identifying objects that share common morphological and photometric properties, and hence of creating a list of candidate lookalikes. In this work, we focus on applying our method to the detection of active galactic nuclei (AGN) candidates in a Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy sample, because the identification and classification of AGN in the optical band still remains a challenging task in extragalactic astronomy.

Methods.Intended for the initial exploration of large sky surveys,ulissedirectly uses features extracted from the ImageNet dataset to perform a similarity search. The method is capable of rapidly identifying a list of candidates, starting from only a single image of a given prototype, without the need for any time-consuming neural network training.

Results.Our experiments showulisseis able to identify AGN candidates based on a combination of host galaxy morphology, color, and the presence of a central nuclear source, with a retrieval efficiency ranging from 21% to 65% (including composite sources) depending on the prototype, where the random guess baseline is 12%. We findulisseto be most effective in retrieving AGN in early-type host galaxies, as opposed to prototypes with spiral- or late-type properties.

Conclusions.Based on the results described in this work,ulissecould be a promising tool for selecting different types of astro-physical objects in current and future wide-field surveys (e.g.,Euclid, LSST etc.) that target millions of sources every single night.
Editorial
Authors: Brabant Thomas , Maus Uwe
Published: September 2022

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,

liebe Osteologinnen und Osteologen,

man ist, was man isst! An dieser Redensart ist viel Wahres. Auch für den Bewegungsapparat, Knochen, Muskeln, ist die Ernährung ein wesentlicher und vor allem selbst beeinflussbarer Faktor. Deswegen hatten wir das Thema Ernährung auch zu einem der Schwerpunktthemen des Osteologiekongresses 2021 in Bremen gewählt.
Risikofaktor Sturz und Sturzassoziierte Risikofaktoren
Authors: Thomasius Friederike
Published: September 2022

Sturzereignisse sind häufig: Etwa 30% aller>65 Jährigen stürzen einmal pro Jahr, ab dem Alter von 80 Jahren sind es mindestens 50%. Mehr als 30% der Stürze erfordern eine medizinische Behandlung, und 5–7% resultieren in einer Fraktur 1.
50 Jahre Knochentumor-Referenzzentrum Basel: Von der Gründung über die Gegenwart in die Zukunft
Authors: Baumhoer D. , Jundt G.
Published: September 2022

Das Basler Knochen Tumor Referenzzentrum wurde 1972 auf Initiative von Prof. Dr. Hans-Ulrich Zollinger, dem damaligen Vorsteher des Instituts für Pathologie des Universitätsspitals Basel, gegründet. Anlass dafür war eine Studienreise in die USA mit Besuch des American College of Surgeons und seiner Register. Von diesem Besuch nahm Zollinger die Erkenntnis mit, dass seltene Tumoren nur an einem Ort gesammelt und bearbeitet werden sollten, da nur so eine ausreichende diagnostische Expertise zu gewinnen ist.
Effekt von additivem körperlichem Training zur Bisphosphonat-Therapie auf die Knochendichte: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analyse
Authors: Klotz Christopher , Jakob Franz , Kohl Matthias , Stengel Simon von , Lange Uwe , Thomasius Friederike , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Uder Michael , Kemmler Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund Körperliches Training und antiresorptive pharmakologische Therapie wirken über unterschiedliche Mechanismen auf den Knochenstoffwechsel ein. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Ansatz, ob eine Bisphosphonat-Behandlung durch zusätzliches körperliches Training additive Effekte auf die Knochendichte (BMD) an Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) und/oder Schenkelhals (SH) ausübt.

Methoden Unsere systematische Literaturrecherche von fünf elektronischen Datenbanken gemäß PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) schloss kontrollierten Studien mit einer Dauer von mehr als 6 Monaten und mindestens zwei Studienarmen: (a) Bisphosphonate (B), (b) Bisphosphonate und körperliches Training (B+E) bis zum 26. August 2021, ein. Studien mit anderen pharmazeutischen Therapien oder Krankheiten mit relevanten Auswirkungen auf den Knochenstoffwechsel wurden ausgeschlossen. Die vorliegende Analyse wurde als random-effects Meta-Analyse durchgeführt. Ergebnismaße waren standardisierte mittlere Differenzen (SMD) für BMD-Änderungen an LWS und Schenkelhals (SH).

Ergebnisse Unsere Suche identifizierte vier geeignete Studien mit insgesamt 247 Teilnehmern. Zusammenfassend zeigte die kombinierte Intervention (B+E) verglichen mit der isolierten Bisphosphonat-Therapie keine signifikant höheren Effektstärken an LWS (SMD: 0,66, 95%-CI: − 0,63 bis 1,94) oder SH-BMD (0,49 − 0,42 bis 1,40). Wir beobachteten für beide Studienendpunkte (BMD-LWS, BMD-SH) eine sehr hohe Heterogenität der Ergebnisse der eingeschlossenen Studien (I2: 89 bzw. 92%). Die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines „small study“ bzw. Publikations-Bias liegt in beiden Fällen ebenfalls recht hoch.

Schlussfolgerung Wir konnten keinen signifikant überlegenen Effekt einer kombinierten Intervention aus Bisphosphonaten und körperlichem Training im Vergleich zu isolierter Bisphosphonat-Therapie auf die BMD an LWS oder SH erfassen. Allerdings zeigten die vorliegenden Einzelstudien eine hohe Heterogenität, die wir primär auf unterschiedlichen Trainingsprotokolle der Studien zurückführen.

Schlüsselworte körperliches Training, Bisphosphonate, Knochendichte, Meta-Analyse
Skelettale Auswirkungen bariatrischer Chirurgie
Authors: Maus Uwe , Schultz Katharina , Vay Christian
Published: September 2022

Bei zunehmender Prävalenz der Adipositas sind in Deutschland ca. 54% der Bevölkerung übergewichtig oder adipös, wobei mit steigendem Übergewicht das Risiko für weitere Erkrankungen, wie z. B. Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Herzinsuffizienz, arterielle Hypertonie u. a. stark ansteigt. Die Reduktion des Körpergewichtes ist daher aus verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten anzustreben. Viele Patientinnen und Patienten mit Adipositas haben bereits vor einer möglichen Operation einen Mangel an Vitamin D und Calcium und zeigen in Laboruntersuchungen entsprechende Defizite. Die konservative Behandlung der Adipositas aus Ernährungs-, Bewegung- und Verhaltenstherapie bildet die Basis der möglichen Therapiemaßnahmen. Bei Versagen der konservativen Behandlungsoptionen ergibt sich ab einem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) von über 40 kg/m2 die Indikation zur operativen Therapie, ab einem BMI von 50 kg/m2 besteht unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen die primäre Indikation zur Durchführung einer bariatrisch-chirurgischen Maßnahme. Zu den in Deutschland am häufigsten empfohlenen operativen Verfahren, die in der Regel laparoskopisch durchgeführt werden, gehören weiterhin die Implantation eines Magenbands, die Bildung eines Magenschlauchs (Gastric-sleeve-Resektion), die Anlage eines proximalen Roux-en-Y-Magenbypass oder eines Omega-loop-Magenbypass. Neben der angestrebten Reduktion des Übergewichtes durch ihre restriktiven wie malabsorptiven Wirkungen führen diese OP-Methoden in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß zu Veränderungen des Kalzium-Stoffwechsels u. a. mit Hypocalcämie, Vitamin-D-Defizit und Erhöhung des Serum-Parathormons, was in einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko, Veränderungen der Knochendichte und der Mikroarchitektur des Knochens münden kann. In der Nachsorge nach bariatrischen Operationen sind daher eine ausreichende Supplementierung verschiedener Vitamine, Mineralien und Spurenelemente, die regelmäßige Kontrolle der Laborparameter und der Knochendichte sowie ein angepasstes körperliches Training wichtig. Aus osteologischer Sicht kommt bei diagnostizierter Osteoporose insbesondere eine intravenöse antiresorptive Therapie in Betracht.
Anorexia nervosa und Knochen
Authors: Brabant Thomas
Published: September 2022

Die Anorexia nervosa ist eine psychische Erkrankung noch unbekannter Ätiologie, die durch eine reduzierte Nahrungsaufnahme, deutliche Gewichtsabnahme sowie Angst vor Gewichtszunahme charakterisiert ist. Sie verursacht eine Vielzahl endokrinologischer Veränderungen, wobei das Ausmaß dieser Veränderungen mit dem Grad der Unterernährung zusammenhängt. In Anpassung an diesen Hungerzustand kommt es zu einer deutlichen Veränderung einer Vielzahl von Hormonen und Signalpeptiden, wobei endokrinologische Achsen mit Beteiligung von Hypothalamus, Hypophyse, Gonaden bzw Nebenniere ebenso betroffen sind wie IGF-1 und die Adipokine Leptin, Ghrelin und PPY. Eine wesentliche Komorbidität ist die Reduktion der Knochendichte bis zur Entwicklung einer Osteoporose und die mit ihr verbundene Entwicklung eines erhöhten Frakturrisikos. Dabei sind sowohl der trabeculäre wie auch der corticale Knochen betroffen. Die Wiederherstellung des Gewichts und die Wiederaufnahme der Menstruation haben den stärksten Einfluß auf die Knochenmineraldichte. Zu den weiteren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten gehören neben der grundsätzlichen Psychotherapie die transdermale Therapie mit Östrogen bzw. die subcutane Gabe von Teriparatid.
Vegetarische und vegane Ernährung – Vor- und Nachteile für die Knochen
Authors: Kasch Katharina , Schober Hans-Christof , Schröder Guido
Published: September 2022

Auf fleischfreie Kost und Nahrungsmittel ohne tierische Produkte wird von einer wachsenden Zahl von Bürgern und Bürgerinnen zurückgegriffen. Damit einher gehen Veränderungen des Eiweiß- und Knochenstoffwechsels bei Betroffenen. Aufgrund der vielfältigen Kostformen und häufig auch des veränderten Lebensstils sind Aussagen zu Risiken die Knochen betreffend problematisch. Oft werden den fleischfreien Nahrungsmitteln bestimmte Nährstoffe und Mineralien zugesetzt. Eine antioxidative Wirkung der vegetarischen Kost ist für den Stoffwechsel wahrscheinlich und günstig. Studien zu Frakturen zeigen zumindest in einer großen Studie eine erhöhte Zahl von Brüchen bei veganer Ernährung. Risiken entstehen durch ein geringeres Gewicht und eine verminderte Kalzium- und Eiweißaufnahme. Menschen, die sich vegan ernähren, werden Krafttraining sowie Eiweiß- und Kalzium-Supplementierung empfohlen. Eine abschließende Bewertung dieser Kost- und Lebensformen im Hinblick auf das Risiko, eine Osteoporose zu entwickeln, ist derzeit problematisch und sollte mit Zurückhaltung getroffen werden.
The Effect of Pediatric Physiotherapy on Positional Plagiocephaly: A
Retrospective Trial
Authors: Hohendahl Lara , Hohendahl Jörg , Lemhöfer Christina , Best Norman
Published: September 2022

Objective Positional plagiocephaly represents one of the most common
asymmetries in infancy with increasing incidence in the last three decades.
Therapeutic options are numerous. Therefore the comparison of physiotherapeutic
approaches according to Bobath concept versus Vojta principle for correction of
positional plagiocephaly gives an inside view.

Material and Methods Cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) and ear shift at
a mean age of 3/6/9 months of 189 infants with positional
plagiocephaly were measured by three-dimensional scans. The effectiveness was
determined and compared based on CVAI and ear shift. The correlation of severity
was calculated.

Results The relative probability of success was 84% higher for
Vojta compared to Bobath. Mean change of CVAI revealed a significantly greater
reduction for infants treated with Vojta, as well as for ear shift. Improvement
occurred especially from age of 6–9 months. Treatment duration was
significantly shorter with Vojta and severe cases of positional plagiocephaly
benefited significantly more.

Conclusion Comparing the effectiveness of both physiotherapeutic treatment
concepts on a neurophysiological basis according to Bobath and Vojta the
presented retrospective data analysis provides statistically superior results in
reducing skull asymmetry more effectively and faster in favor to the Vojta
principle. Physiotherapy should be applied independent from severity and is
effective for children older than 5–6 months.
Inguinal Lymphadenopathy: A Rare Initial Site of Metastatic Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Mahato Abhishek , Gahlot Gaurav P.S. , Jha Deepak Kumar , Rajhans Rajhans
Published: September 2022

Solid-organ tumors involving inguinal lymph nodes commonly originate from genitourinary tract, skin, ano-rectum, or the urinary bladder. Thus, solitary metastatic involvement of inguinal lymph nodes from extra-abdominal primary malignancies is extremely rare. However, involvement of nonregional lymph nodes upstages the disease to M1b with poor prognosis. Identification of the site of metastases is extremely crucial for deciding the management of patients.

This is the first ever case reported of de-novo or synchronous oligometastatic disease of carcinoma lung with inguinal lymph node involvement. In addition, it highlights the importance of 18FDG PET-CT to diagnose the involvement of inguinal lymph node that was further proved on fine needle aspiration cytology. Only two such cases of lung cancer have been reported, but both of them had inguinal lymph node during the follow-up and none was present at initial presentation.
Judging sexy women in late medieval France
Authors: McDougall Sara
Published: September 2022

Blindfolded Lady Justice with her scales rarely features in modern representations of medieval European justice. Instead, it is the female sexual sinner bound to the stake for burning who dominates modern imaginings. This reflects a widespread perception of medieval criminal justice as committed to the fierce judicial repression of women, and of women’s sexual activity in particular; an idea that persists in scholarly circles as well as in popular imagination despite a growing body of evidence to the contrary. Working primarily from the records of late medieval northern France, this article demonstrates that this idea is in fact a medievalism, a modern imagining about the Middle Ages. It attributes to medieval judicial authorities the disciplining and punishing of female bodies and female sexuality that instead emerged only with modern patriarchies. Heeding this difference allows us to recognise in Medieval Europe a patriarchal darkness of another kind: a world able to maintain stark gender and sexual inequity without any such use of judicial powers.
Fast silicon carbide MOSFET based high-voltage push–pull switch for charge state separation of highly charged ions with a Bradbury–Nielsen gate
Authors: Schweiger Christoph , Door Menno , Filianin Pavel , Herkenhoff Jost , Kromer Kathrin , Lange Daniel , Marschall Domenik , Rischka Alexander , Wagner Thomas , Eliseev Sergey , Blaum Klaus
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we report on the development of a fast high-voltage switch, which is based on two enhancement mode N-channel silicon carbide metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors in push–pull configuration. The switch is capable of switching high voltages up to 600 V on capacitive loads with rise and fall times on the order of 10 ns and pulse widths ≥20 ns. Using this switch, it was demonstrated that, from the charge state distribution of bunches of highly charged ions ejected from an electron beam ion trap with a specific kinetic energy, single charge states can be separated by fast switching of the high voltage applied to a Bradbury–Nielsen Gate with a resolving power of about 100.
Symmetry breaking yields chimeras in two small populations of Kuramoto-type oscillators
Authors: Burylko Oleksandr , Martens Erik A. , Bick Christian
Published: September 2022

Despite their simplicity, networks of coupled phase oscillators can give rise to intriguing collective dynamical phenomena. However, the symmetries of globally and identically coupled identical units do not allow solutions where distinct oscillators are frequency-unlocked—a necessary condition for the emergence of chimeras. Thus, forced symmetry breaking is necessary to observe chimera-type solutions. Here, we consider the bifurcations that arise when full permutational symmetry is broken for the network to consist of coupled populations. We consider the smallest possible network composed of four phase oscillators and elucidate the phase space structure, (partial) integrability for some parameter values, and how the bifurcations away from full symmetry lead to frequency-unlocked weak chimera solutions. Since such solutions wind around a torus they must arise in a global bifurcation scenario. Moreover, periodic weak chimeras undergo a period-doubling cascade leading to chaos. The resulting chaotic dynamics with distinct frequencies do not rely on amplitude variation and arise in the smallest networks that support chaos.
Non-parametric tests for serial dependence in time series based on asymptotic implementations of ordinal-pattern statistics
Authors: Weiß Christian H.
Published: September 2022

Ordinal patterns can be used to construct non-parametric hypothesis tests that aim to discover (possibly non-linear) serial dependence in a real-valued time series. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the vector of sample frequencies of ordinal patterns and that of various corresponding tests statistics such that the targeted tests for serial dependence are easily implemented based on asymptotic approximations. Simulations are used to check the finite-sample performance of these tests as well as their power properties with respect to various alternative scenarios. The application and interpretation of the tests in practice are illustrated by an environmental data example.
A constrained variational problem for an existence theorem of steady vortex rings in Poiseuille flow
Authors: Mezadek A. Kainane , Rebah D.
Published: September 2022

We prove an existence theorem for a steady vortex ring in Poiseuille flow of an ideal fluid using an approach based on a variational principle of the vorticity. We show that the kinetic energy can be maximized subject to a quantity related to the vorticity belonging to a class of rearrangements of a prescribed function ζ0 and subject to another functional (called the generalized impulse due to vorticity) having a prescribed value. Additionally, we prove that the maximizers are, in fact, rearrangements of ζ0 if this prescribed value is large enough.
Indirect learning and physically guided validation of interatomic potential models
Authors: Morrow Joe D. , Deringer Volker L.
Published: September 2022

Machine learning (ML) based interatomic potentials are emerging tools for material simulations, but require a trade-off between accuracy and speed. Here, we show how one can use one ML potential model to train another: we use an accurate, but more computationally expensive model to generate reference data (locations and labels) for a series of much faster potentials. Without the need for quantum-mechanical reference computations at the secondary stage, extensive reference datasets can be easily generated, and we find that this improves the quality of fast potentials with less flexible functional forms. We apply the technique to disordered silicon, including a simulation of vitrification and polycrystalline grain formation under pressure with a system size of a million atoms. Our work provides conceptual insight into the ML of interatomic potential models and suggests a route toward accelerated simulations of condensed-phase systems.