bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORO-DISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE USING CAJANUS CAJAN STARCH AS A NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: DHIMAN SONIA , BABBAR RITCHU , SINGH THAKUR GURJEET , ANAND SHIVANGI , MANNAN ASHI , ARORA SANDEEP
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of the research work was to explore the use of Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) polysaccharide as a superdisintegrant. The novel superdisintegrant has been evaluated for its action by incorporating it into orodispersible tablets of Metformin Hydrochloride.
Methods: Cajanus cajan starch was extracted from its seeds and superdisintegrant was developed by microwave modification of the extract. Various characterization tests such as gelatinization temperature, water absorption index, pH, and viscosity were used to identify the microwave-modified polysaccharide. The orodispersible tablets were made using a direct compression process employing varying concentrations of modified Cajanus cajan starch. Prepared tablets were tested for several pre and post-compression parameters and compared with a well-established synthetic superdisintegrant, sodium starch glycolate. The stability studies were conducted on an optimized formulation.
Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study showed that the drug had no interactions with the microwave-modified Cajanus cajan starch. SEM confirmed that Cajanus cajan starch granules exhibited intact granular structure in oval shapes and smooth surfaces. After microwave modification, the Cajanus cajan starch component lost its granular structure, which further led to the generation of surface pores and internal channels, causing overall swelling responsible for superdisintegrant activity. The optimized formulation (ODF5) containing 15 % modified Cajanus cajan starch performed better in terms of wetting time (22.21 s), disintegration time (53.3 s), and in vitro drug release (92%), as compared to formulation prepared by synthetic superdisintegrant (ODF1).
Conclusion: The present investigation concluded that modified Cajanus cajan starch has good potential as a superdisintegrant for formulating oro-dispersible tablets. Furthermore, modified Cajanus cajan starch is inexpensive, non-toxic and compatible in comparison with available synthetic superdisintegrants.
FORMULATION OF CINNAMON BARK ESSENTIAL OIL GEL AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT
Authors: KURNIAWAN DHADHANG WAHYU , AGUSTINA VIDYA NUR , SUNARTO  , WIBOWO GUNAWAN ADI , SYAMSU HIDAYAT MUHAMMAD ZAENURI
Published: January 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to prepare a cinnamon bark essential oil gel preparation, determines the physical characteristic and physical stability during storage, and examines the activity of mosquito repellent from the best gel preparation.
Methods: The formulations of gel were made with variations in the concentration of Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2%) contain 1% of cinnamon bark essential oil. The gel evaluated physical characteristics and physical stability. The parameters of organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH are analyzed descriptive, while the viscosity, the spreadability, and the gel adhesion were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at the level of confidence of 95%. The best gel tested its effectiveness as compared to the negative control and product innovator (which used DEET as an active compound) as a positive control. The activity of repellent was determined by an Aedes aegypti mosquito for 6 h with 2 hands respondents. The effectiveness of repellent protection is calculated by the percentage of protection power.
Results: The studies showed that all the gel preparations qualified the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH parameters. The viscosity, gel adhesion, and spreadability are also stable during storage.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the best gel is the formula I which has mosquito repellent activity effective for 6 h like DEET.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BESIFLOXACIN NON-ERODIBLE OCULAR INSERTS
Authors: PATIL JAYASHRI A. , B. PATIL RAVINDRA
Published: January 2022

Objective: Ocular inserts offer many advantages over conventional dosage forms, like increased ocular residence, the possibility of releasing a drug at a slow and constant rate, accurate dosing, exclusion of preservatives, and increased shelf life. Besifloxacin is a very important drug for the treatment of infectious conjunctivitis. The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate Besifloxacin Non-Erodible Ocular Insert using Pullulan and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a drug reservoir, PEG 400 as a plasticizer, and Eudragit RS-100 as a rate-controlling membrane.
Methods: Central composite design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, i.e., effects of Pullulan amount (X1) and PVP (X2) on the dependent variables, i.e., % moisture absorption and In vitro diffusion rate. After evaluation of all thirteen batches of ocular insert reservoir formulation, BSF2 and BSF4 were selected as a satisfactory formulation and was sandwiched between rate-controlling membrane, which was made up of Eudragit RS-100 (3 and 5%).
Results: The drug content of all formulations was found to be in the range of 95.33 to 99.89 %. In vitro diffusion of Besifloxacin from reservoir formulations (BSF1 to BSF13) was found to be 62.44 to 70.62 %. In vitro diffusion rate of an ocular insert of Besifloxacin can offer benefits such as increasing residence time, prolonging drug release in the eye for 24 h. Eudragit RS-100, as a sustained drug release polymer, showed promising sustained released action.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Besifloxacin non-erodible ocular inserts can be successfully developed using Pullulan and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, which will sustain the release of the drug also reduce the frequency of administration, and thereby may help to improve patient compliance.
LC-MS/MS CHARACTERIZATION OF FORCED DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF TUCATINIB, A NOVEL TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors: REEHANA S. K. , SUJANA K.
Published: January 2022

Objective: The current study focused on the development, validation, and characterization of forced degradation products using LC-MS/MS.
Methods: A simple, selective, validated and well-defined isocratic HPLC methodology for the quantitative determination of Tucatinib at a wavelength of 239 nm. An isocratic elution of samples was performed on an Inertsil ODS (250x4.6 mm, 5m) column with a mobile phase of 70:30v/v Acetonitrile and formic acid (0.1%) delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. MS/MS was used to characterize degradation products formed in the forced degradation study. The validation and characterization of forced degradation products were performed in accordance with ICH guidelines.
Results: Over the concentration range of 5-100μg/ml, a good linear response was obtained. Tucatinib's LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.05 and 0.5, respectively. According to standard guidelines, the method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, and the results were found to be within acceptable limits. The drug was degraded under acidic, alkaline, and reduction conditions in forced degradation studies.
Conclusion: The method was found to be applicable for routine tucatinib analysis. Because no LC-MS/MS method for estimating tucatinib and its degradation products has been reported in the literature. There is a need to develop a method for studying the entire tucatinib degradation pathway.
TELMISARTAN AND AZELNIDIPINE QUANTIFICATION EMPLOYING HPLC STRATAGEM; STABILITY INVESTIGATION ON TELMISARTAN AND AZELNIDIPINE
Authors: SPANDANA K. V. L. D. , SUBHASHINI N. J. P.
Published: January 2022

Objective: The focus of our research was to create a fairly sensitive HPLC stratagem for determining telmisartan (TLM) and azelnidipine (AEL) in bulk and tablet types.
Methods: Analysis of TLM and AEL was performed on a “C18 Kromasil stationary column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm)”. The mobile phase was made of 0.1M NaH2PO4 solution (pH 3.5) and methanol at a comparative volume ratio of 50% each. The analysis of TLM and AEL was isocratic, with the flow velocity adjusted at 1.0 ml/min and indeed, the TLM and AEL analysis was done at 256 nm using a PDA device sensor. TLM and AEL were stressed with acid, peroxide, dry heat, alkali, and sunlight-induced settings.
Results: The retention/elution periods for the TLM and AEL were observed at 2.225 min and 3.178 min, respectively. The HPLC stratagem developed have a straight-line relation with relative concentrations in the ranges of 20-60 µg/ml for TLM and 4-12 µg/ml for AEL. The LOQ’s for TLM and AEL were 0.2516 μg/ml and 0.0871 μg/ml, respectively. The validation investigational findings done for TLM and AEL with the established sensitive HPLC stratagem were passed out in conformity with the ICH standards.
Conclusion: The established sensitive HPLC stratagem was shown as competent for the quality check of bulk samples of TLM and AEL throughout batch release as well as in the course of TLM and AEL stability investigations.
BIOANALYTICAL RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE IN WISTAR RAT PLASMA AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY
Authors: SURA RAMYA SRI , CVS SUBRAHMANYAM , RACHAMALLA SHYAM SUNDER
Published: January 2022

Objective: A novel, simple, precise, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC method for determining clopidogrel bisulfate in Wistar rat plasma was developed and validated.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed using Xterra C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ) column. Mobile phase composed of Acetonitrile ACN: 0.05M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer pH 4.2 and in the ratio of 75:25% v/v at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. Detection was carried out using a PDA detector at 220 nm. The bioanalytical clopidogrel method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Results: The selected chromatographic condition was found to efficiently separate clopidogrel bisulfate (RT-2.838 min). The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 40-200 ng/ml in Wistar rat plasma with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, respectively. The precision study revealed that the cumulative percentage variation was within the acceptable limit, and accuracy research showed the value of mean percent recovery between 99.72-99.83 %.
Conclusion: A simple, rapid, specific, accurate, and precise analytical method was developed and validated using Wistar rat plasma. The technique was strictly validated according to the ICH guidelines. Acquired results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for routine analysis of clopidogrel in the Wistar rat plasma.
DIACEREIN-LOADED NIOSOMES (DC-NS): A NEW TECHNIQUE TO SUSTAIN THE RELEASE OF DRUG ACTION
Authors: KAOUD RASHAD M. , HEIKAL EMAN J. , HAMMADY TAHA M.
Published: January 2022

Objective: The study's main goal is to develop a suitable niosomes (NS) encapsulated drug for anti-inflammatory effects such as diacerein (DC) and to evaluate the system's vesicle size (VS), entrapment efficiency (EE %), physical stability and in vitro release.
Methods: Tween (40 and 60), cholesterol, and stearylamine were used in a 1:1:0.1 molar ratios as non-ionic surfactants. Thin film hydration was used to create the NS.
Results: The higher EE% was observed with NS (F11) prepared from tween 60, cholesterol and 2.5 min sonication. These formulations' release patterns were Higuchi diffusion and first order. For the stability study, NS formulations were stored at temperature between 2-8 °C for 60 d retains the most drugs when compared to room and high temperature conditions.
Conclusion: The findings of this study have conclusively shown that after NS encapsulation of DC, drug release is prolonged at a constant and controlled rate.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF RAFT FORMING GASTRO RETENTIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF LAFUTIDINE USINGBOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: SRINIVAS LANKALAPALLI , SAGAR SHANTI
Published: January 2022

Objective: The current research was aimed to formulate and evaluate raft forming gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems of Lafutidine for improving gastric residence time and sustained drug release for an extended time.
Methods: Using Box–Behnken experimental design 17 formulations of lafutidine GRDDS were designed and evaluated for various parameters like physical appearance, pH, In vitro gelling study, in vitro buoyancy study, measurement of viscosity, density measurement, gel strength, drug content, acid neutralization capacity, the profile of neutralization, in vitro dissolution, release kinetic and stability studies.
Results: All the evaluations were performed and observed that the values were within range, and the buoyancy lag time ranged within 14.76 to 25.84 sec and the formulations remained buoyant for more than 8h with the gelling time of 12h, the drug content was ranging from 98.96 to 99.55 %, and in vitro release was 86.86 to 99.34% by the end of 12h. The release kinetics followed zero-order with Higuchi’s model that indicating that drug release was found to be followed by the matrix diffusion process.
Conclusion: Out of all formulations F3 was the optimized formulation and it was further characterized for FTIR, DSC, and stability studies, which exposed that there were no interactions amongst drug and excipients and no major change in the formulation and found to be stable.
FORMULATION OF EFFERVESCENT GRANULES FROM RED GINGER (ZINGIBERIS OFFICINALE ROSCOE VAR. RUBRUM) EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: AULIFA DIAH LIA , WIBOWO DIKI PRAYUGO , SAFITRI NENI , BUDIMAN ARIF
Published: January 2022

Objective: Ginger is one of the Indonesian plants that has been used as traditional medicine. The flavonoids and phenols compounds contained high antioxidant activity. This study aimed to formulate effervescent granules (EG) from red ginger (RG) extract and evaluate its antioxidant activity.
Methods: The formulation of EG from RG extract was prepared by the wet granulation method using different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Furthermore, the flowability of granules was evaluated, including flow rate, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, and effervescent time. The physical stability of granules such as organoleptic evaluation, effervescent time, and pH measurement was also evaluated after 28 d of storage, and the antioxidant activity of EG from RG extract was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
Results: The result showed that the EG of RG extract was successfully prepared by wet granulation with a concentration of 15%. In addition, the flowability study showed that all formulas of EG from RG extract have good flow properties, and the granules showed excellent flow properties based on Carr′s index results. The effervescent time of granules remained within the acceptable range according to USP, and the physical stability did not change even after 28 d of storage. The IC50 of EG from RG extract was 283.28±3.6 ppm and has moderate in free radicals scavenging activity.
Conclusion: EG from RG extract can be used as food supplements to protect the human body from free radicals and inhibit oxidases.
PHARMACEUTICAL AND PHYSIO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF SHILADHATRI YOGA (KALPIT)
Authors: Gajender ,
Published: January 2022

Ayurveda is a time-tested science. It is based on universal principles of nature; in ancient times it is mainly flourished through the herbal drugs but later the drugs failed to conquer the difficult disease conditions. Hence humans started searching for alternate natural resources. In this search a separate discipline was emerged oriented towards use of metals, minerals, and animal and plant products, designated as Rasa Shastra. Later, it flourished and superseded the herbal medicines. In the classics they mention that one can make his own drug by using his knowledge for any disease condition. That’s why here new drug Shiladhatri yoga (Kalpit) is formed for use in the treatment of Diabetes.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF NATURAL COMPOUND FROM LEMON GRASS LEAVES EXTRACT ON LUNG CARCINOMA CELL LINE A549: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Gopalakrishnan B
Published: January 2022

Lemon grass is a widely cultivated plant, whose extracts are known to possess anti-cancer properties. However, studies related to the effect of different solvent extracts of lemon grass on lung cancer cell lines are scarce. This study was conducted to study the effect of various extracts on the viability of the A549 lung carcinoma cell line. Four solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) were used for extraction of lemon grass. The effect of these solvent extracts on A549 cell line was studied. Cell viability was studied by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method. The effect of apoptosis on exposure to aforementioned extracts was observed with help of nuclear staining assays and western blotting techniques. Apoptosis was confirmed by nuclear staining using acridine orange ethidium bromide (Ao/EtBr), while pro- and anti-apoptotic cells expressions analysis was conducted using western blotting. All extracts showed cytotoxicity on lung carcinoma cell line, wherein, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts showed up to 48.6±3.8% and 51.7±1.7% viability at 250µg/mL concentration. Up regulation of pro-apoptotic gene expressions like Caspase-3 and inhibition of anti-apoptotic gene expression like Bcl-2 was observed after 24h. An inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 220.01 µg/mL was obtained for the ethyl acetate extract. When observed under fluorescence microscope, stained cells showed an orange red color in the nuclei, indicating the ethyl acetate extract had induced apoptosis potentially for 24 h exposure cells expression, when compared with control cells. The results show that the ethyl acetate extracts were efficient in inhibiting the A549 cell line under in vitro condition, suggesting this extract can be further used as a potential chemotherapy drug.
DEVELOPMENT OF FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF FAVIPIRAVIR BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Shyamala ,
Published: January 2022

Forced degradation studies and stability indicating method were developed for the estimation of Favipiravir by reverse phase High performance liquid chromatography in active Pharmaceutical ingredient and its tablet dosage form. The method was achieved by using C18 column (250 X 4.6mm X 4µm) with mobile phase mixture ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio 60:40. The mobile phase was allowed to pump with the flow rate 1ml/min by maintaining detection wavelength at 324nm using ultra-violet detector. Favipiravir drug was subjected to various stress conditions according to International Conference of Harmonization Q1A(R2) guidelines to establish stability indicating method. Favipiravir drug was found to be sensitive at peroxide degradation. The impurity peak was characterized by mass spectral studies. The method was validated for analytical standards such as linearity, accuracy, Precision, sensitivity and robustness. A rapid and sensitive method was developed for the estimation of favipiravir which indicates its stability indicating behavior.
GENETIC ASSOCIATION OF HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR (HIF) – 1 ALPHA GENE AND RESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTION OF JAW BONE
Authors: Nagarajan Mahendirakumar
Published: January 2022

Due to considerable alterations in individual bone structure, the residual ridge is constantly under the stress of bone resorption. In certain circumstances, this can cause disproportionate bone deterioration, making restorative dental management difficult. This inimitable curative procedure in the oral cavity is affected by specific factors in the oral tissue. A variety of HIFs are expressed during the healing of oral wounds in comparison to skin wounds. The target of this review article was to look at a cistron tic connotation among SNP of the HIF-1 α gene that is understood to own great genetic diversity, and also the residual ridge reabsorption (RRR). Hence, this review concentrates on the association and genetic basis of HIF α gene in residual ridge resorption.
NUTRITIONAL APPROACHES TOWARDS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DCLD
Authors: Pattanaik Ananya Anurakta
Published: January 2022

Decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) is also known as decompensating cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that is commonly resulting of hepatitis or alcohol use disorder. It is the severe scarring of liver seen at the terminal stages of chronic liver disease. The diet of patients with chronic liver disease is based on a standard diet with supplements addition as necessary. Restrictions may be harmful and should be individualized. In this study we detailed a patient having decompensated chronic liver disease and observed all require parameter in dietary management. The patient undertook a dietary counselling for 16 days and dietary modification was done according to the patient condition. The HB level was 9.1g/dl, so beetroot juice in the mid-morning and soybean and 2 egg whites were suggested to increase the protein level. Later it was seen that Hb level was increased to 9.9g/dl and protein level was increased to 6g/dl. Also, the potassium level was below normal, so coconut water suggested. what to avoid and what to include and a sample menu and a diet chat was given to the patient at the time of discharge. Malnutrition is a potentially reversible condition that, when identified and treated appropriately, can lead to improvement of the outcomes of patients with DCLD.
CRUDE EXTRACTS OF MAGNOLIA ALBA FLOWERS USING N-HEXANE AND METHANOL SOLVENTS AND THEIR ANTI-ACNE POTENTIAL
Authors: Munira Sofia
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to test the antibacterial activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of white cempaka flowers (Magnolia alba) against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The extract was obtained by using the maceration method for 72 hours. Each extract was tested for its antibacterial properties using the disc diffusion method with the variant concentration of the extract used was 0.05%; 2%; 4%; 6%; and 8%. The results showed that the methanol extract had a higher inhibition zone than the n-hexane extract. In n-hexane extract, the lowest concentration of 0.05% showed an inhibition zone of 6.6 mm and the highest concentration of 8% had an inhibition zone of 9.6 mm. Whereas in methanol extract, the inhibition zone obtained was 7.3 mm at a low concentration of 0.05%, but at the highest concentration of 8% the inhibition zone obtained was 11.6 mm. The effect of extract concentration on the diameter of the inhibition zone formed is very significant (directly proportional), where the higher the concentration used, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone produced. Antibacterial testing for both extracts showed a weak (< 10 mm) to moderate (> 10 mm) bacterial inhibition, which was similar with the inhibition zone obtained from the positive control (11-11.3 mm; moderate bacterial inhibition).
ESTIMATION OF POTASSIUM CONTENT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF BANANA FRUIT IN AN INDIAN DELTA IS THERE A CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Authors: Suchitra M R
Published: January 2022

Banana fruit is one of the commonly taken foods in many parts of the world. The fruit is known for its high potassium content. We wished to study the potassium content of eleven types of ripe banana fruit available in the cauvery delta region of South India. We measured two values in each of the eleven types of banana fruit. We found the mean varied from 460.75mg/100gm in the Rasthali variety to 921.75 in the karpura valli variety. The potassium binding capacity of the soil and the fertilizers pumped may influence the values. The literature which presently describes the values between 200 to 400mg/100g cautions the use of bananas in patients taking antihypertensive medications like enalapril and in patients with renal dysfunction. Our study which shows the values to be double the described ones, will throw light on additional caution in such cases. We admit that there was no soil study in this work which can influence the potassium content. Before any dietetic advice on the intake of potassium, the bananas of the concerned geographical area and such high potassium values should be taken into account. When the needs to cater the patients of potassium arise in uncomplicated hypertension, the varieties karpuravalli and peyampalam can be considered.
The Functionalization of Law and Criminal Procedures to Confront Health Care Fraud in Hospitals
Authors: Pane Musa , Pudjiastuti Diah
Published: January 2022

Fraud is a systematic crime that has a very broad impact. It can happen in any fields, including in hospitals. Fraud is a form of corruption. Hospital is a health service institution. Corruption in hospitals has the potential to lead to ineffective health services for people. The phenomenon of health care fraud in hospital is an indication the law does not function in accordance with the objective. This study aims to determine the functionalization of law and sentence for fraudulent acts as a form of corruption in hospitals based on justice values. This study is a descriptive study with normative juridical method that employed statutory and conceptual approaches. The data were collected through a literature study. It was subsequently analyzed qualitatively. This study is of the position to view that prosecution of criminal acts of corruption requires functionalization of law. The functionalization of law must be interpreted as positioning everything in its proper place. It is the synergy of the legal system, which consists of formulative, judicial, and executive policies. The criminal procedures can apply the punishment system for perpetrators of fraudulent acts in hospitals that includes extended alternative punishment.
The Supervision of Village Fund Management to Prevent Corruption
Authors: Sugiharti Dewi , Muttaqin Zainal , Ramadhani Rully
Published: January 2022

Indonesian village government is required to carry out its duties properly. The village government has an obligation to understand legal instruments in many laws and regulations. The legal instruments serve as a guideline to carry out the accountability of the village officials to execute programs that use village funds. Unfortunately, the requirements have not been materialized due to the increasing corruption involving village heads who abused village funds. The study aims to find out the form of accountability of the village head as the power holder of village fund users when there are allegations of village fund corruption and the supervisory function that can be carried out by the Village Consultative Body (BPD – Badan Perwakilan Desa) in preventing of village funds to be corrupted by the village head. The study shows that the legal instruments and implementation of the use of village funds are basically in accordance with the principles and principles of managing state finances, even though the arrangements are separate from the provisions on regional government, where these arrangements and management must be under the objectives of state life as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Moreover, the form of accountability of the village head regarding the use of village funds refers to the guidelines stipulated in the legal instrument. Still, when the alleged corruption of village funds committed by the village head is proven, the case is resolved according to the criminal law provisions. The supervisory function by the BPD in the management of village funds by the village apparatus is carried out as a form of increasing prosperous village communities. However, the supervision is still weak due to political interests between the village apparatus and the BPD institution in the institutional position of the village government. We can conclude that legal instruments are essential as a guide in managing village funds, including accountability for the use of village funds. In addition, the supervisory function in village management has an important role, especially in preventing the misuse of village funds, leading to corruption allegations.
Vaccines for Tourism Business Actors: Fulfilment or Violation of Human Rights?
Authors: Wiryawan I Wayan
Published: January 2022

Tourism sector is the largest source of income for Bali province of Indonesia. Unfortunately, the Covid-19 pandemic forced the closure of tourism. Therefore, Bali’s economic growth is experiencing decrease to -10.98%. To accelerate the reopening of tourism, the government has launched the national vaccine movement that also covers tourism business actors. Unfortunately, some parties resist the vaccination because the vaccine is not believed yet to be safe. By using doctrinal legal research, this study examined two problems: the right to health in the context of tourism and the construction of government policies against vaccine resistance by tourism business actors. It examined legal principles and synchronization of laws on human rights related to vaccination. The state is responsible to provide vaccination for the citizens in fulfilling the right to life and health. Each local government produces policy to deal with vaccine refusal. Jakarta and West Java are two provinces that impose fines for residents who refuse vaccines. On the other hand, Bali province does not impose sanctions on such residents. To ensure safety after the reopening of tourism, any local government can propose the record of vaccination as a requirement for every person who will return to work in the tourism sector.
Reliability and Security in the Implementation of Digital Health Service Application with the Application of "Reliability Certification or Electronic Certification" based on Indonesian Law
Authors: Hanif Charles
Published: January 2022

Societies are always changing rapidly. Initially, societies recognize ordinary health services. Now, people acknowledge web application based digital health services. This rapid change raises potential problems such as the sale of illegal drugs, user data theft, and illegal health workers. Unfortunately, the government has not provided actions to respond the issues quickly. There is no law that underlies the implementation of web application. It increases the possibility of other potential problems. Therefore, it is necessary to question the reliability and security of the implementation of the application and the form of legal responsibility of the organizer. This study used a normative juridical method, which is carried out by examining secondary data as the main study material. The study reveals that the reliability and security in the implementation of applications both as an electronic system and as a health service facility can still be optimized. There are two forms of legal responsibility for the application operator, namely liability in the form of obligations and in the form of sanctions.
The Equality of Parties in Sale-and-Purchase Binding Agreement on Land and Building with the Pre-Project Selling System
Authors: Swetasoma Cokorda
Published: January 2022

The study aims to analyze the legal implications of the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11/PRT/M/2019 on the Sale-and-Purchase Binding Agreement on Land and Building. The emphasis lies on the equality of parties that involve in buying and selling property using pre-project selling system. This study used legal materials and concepts to approach the issue. The primary legal materials consisted of statutory regulations; and the secondary legal materials consisted of books, scientific journals, and electronic articles. The Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11/PRT/M/2019 does not regulate sanctions for buyer’s unilateral cancellation. According to the Regulation, if buyer unilaterally cancels transaction, seller (housing developer) receives only ten percent of the sum of money that the buyer has paid. This provision does not fulfil the principle of equality for the parties. The objectives of law (legal justice, benefits, and certainty) cannot be achieved because of the inequality of parties. The condition leads to seller’s loss. It is especially happened if house that has been partially built-in accordance to special conditions at the request of the buyer. The house can be difficult to be sold.
Green thing - part 3
Authors: d+g
Published: January 2022

Green Thing - double forever - VIS draft exposition

Green Thing is an ongoing collaborative art work, a negotiated creative exchange, between 2 artists, who are also daughter and father; actively engaging in a dialogue about Green Things. ‘Greeness’ is explored in relation to how this manifests and develops symbolically, physically, historically, and within each of our practices. Creating, documenting, performing and sharing exploratory processes: collaboratively producing an evolving, palimpsestic work.

We recently completed a remote, online iteration of this project, Green Thing pt.2 [Green thing pt. 1 was undertaken in March 2020 in the Pipe Factory, Glasgow] while in residence at 2/42 Studios, in the Pipe Factory, Glasgow as part of their Remote Series: work accumulated daily over the span of one week, created by both Higgins’ (Glasgow and Sheffield), in tandem, but apart, which culminated on Thurs 16th at 19.30-20.30PM (UK) with a live online screening and conversation. We Green Thing pt.3 - double forever - will be extracting conversations, dialogues, and forms to mould a further iteration.

Green becomes contagious in this way. The work multiplies, fluctuates, is transmitted between one another, released upon the public. It mutates and it passes back between us, it divides and multiplies. After the last iteration, we couldn’t stop seeing Green.

It is palimpsestically created, not only because we write over one another, talk over one another, and create together and in relay, but because we are palimpsestic. Our relationship by its very nature means that, whilst we have many different lived experiences, it is essentially shared. We literally share blood and guts. This genetic presupposition results in eerie, unspoken tangents and patterns. It also proves great distinctions.

Further from Green thing pt.2, - double forever - will more directly bring together themes around Green, Space, Bile, and Solidarity, to reflect the cyclical interrelational relationship each of these areas have with one another. Right now, green space looks and feels very different than it used to, bile is seen in a heightened state, and solidarity is more important than ever - but we cannot translate these things as we would instinctively; humans have to interact differently. The Greeness within this is rife and key to understanding the progression of psychological, geographical shifts in society as we see it.

Green Thing pt.3 - double forever - whilst explorative in its very essence, feels a formalisation of this palimpsest, although still created in perpetual transmission utilised and exploited through the research catalogue as a framework for it’s latest form….A dialogue produced between us through various online platforms - remotely.realised etc ….is the world we are in, ……..to be formed through and in the RC
Influence of calcineurin inhibitors and genetic polymorphism of transporters on enterohepatic circulation and exposure of mycophenolic acid in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients
Authors: Sun Sha-Sha , Shao Kun , Lu Jia-Qian , An Hui-Min , Shi Hao-Qiang , Peijun Zhou , Chen Bing
Published: January 2022

Aim: Study the influence of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) and genetic
polymorphisms of transporters on enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of
mycophenolic acid (MPA) in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients and
estimate the effect of various covariates on prediction performance of
MPA AUC0-12h. Method: MPA concentrations of 125 Chinese patients were
collected 0-12 hours after administration. Genotypes of transporters
were determined in 64 patients. The influence of type of CNI and genetic
polymorphisms on MPA exposure was studied. Shapley additive explanations
method was used to study the impact of sampling times and covariates
related to EHC on AUC0-12h. Extreme gradient boosting (XGboost) machine
learning-based model was established to predict AUC0-12h. Results:
Dn-AUC6-12h was significantly lower in patients co-administered with CsA
(P<0.05). When co-administered with TAC, for SLCO1B1 T521C or
ABCC C-24T, patients with wild-type genotype had significantly higher
dn-AUC6-12h (P <0.05). Patients with SLCO1B3 334T/699G alleles
had significantly lower dn-AUC6-12h than homozygotes (P=0.004). No
significant difference was found in CsA subgroup. For estimating
AUC0-12h, C0h, C2h, C8h, type of CNI, transporters genotypes and the
difference between C0h and C2h were retained in the final model, which
had good prediction performance (r2=0.9739). Conclusion: Patients
co-administered with CsA had lower MPA EHC than those who received TAC.
MPA EHC is affected by ABCC2 C-24T, SLCO1B3 T334G/G699A, and SLCO1B1
T521C genotypes in patients treated with TAC. Type of CNI and genetic
polymorphisms of transporters can improve prediction performance of MPA
AUC0-12h estimating model, developed using XGboost machine learning
method.
A novel risk score for disease control prediction of Chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jiang Lijie , Wang Kanghua , Lin Tengjiao , Jiang Yifeng , Gao Wenxiang , Li Cong , Huang Zhaoqi , Nie Zhiyin , Chen Chuxin , Zheng Rui , Sun Yueqi , Shi Jianbo , Lai Yinyan
Published: January 2022

Abstract Objectives: To assess the impact of risk factors on the disease
control among CRS patients, following 1 year of functional endoscopic
sinus surgery (FESS), and combining the risk factors to formulate a
convenient, visualized prediction model. Design: A retrospective and
nonconcurrent cohort study Setting and Participants: A total of 325
patients with Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) from June 2018 to July 2020
at the First Affiliated Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital, and the
Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Main Outcomes
Measures: Outcomes were time to event measures: the disease control of
CRS after surgery 1 year. The presence of nasal polyps, smoking habits,
allergic rhinitis (AR), the ratio of tissue eosinophil (TER), and
peripheral blood eosinophil count (PBEC)and asthma was assessed. The
logistic regression models were used to conduct multivariate and
univariate analyses. Asthma, TER, AR, PBEC were also included in the
nomogram. The calibration curve and AUC (Area Under Curve) were used to
evaluate the forecast performance of the model. Results: In univariate
analyses, most of the covariates had significant associations with the
endpoints, except for age, gender, and smoking. The nomogram showed the
highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.760 (95% CI, 0.688-0.830) in the
training cohort. Conclusions: In this cohort study that included the
asthma, AR, TER, PBEC had significantly affected the disease control of
CRS after surgery. The model provided relatively accurate prediction in
the disease control of CRS after FESS and served as a visualized
reference for daily diagnosis and treatment.
Compare the management of granular myringitis: carbon dioxide laser and caustic agent cauterization
Authors: Kuo Yu-Xiang , Luo Tzu Hsuan , Wu Hsing-Mei
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives Granular myringitis is troublesome for
otologist because uncertain etiology and often been overlooked due to
vague clinical symptoms and signs. The ideal treatment is elusive. Our
study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of granular
myringitis and analyzing the effect of the two different strategies,
including carbon dioxide laser (CO2 laser) and caustic agent
cauterization to manage granular myringitis. Study Design: Retrospective
review Subjects and Methods One hundred and thirty patients with
granular myringitis receiving treatment at a single medical center from
July 2009 to January 2018 were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed the
charts and surgical records. The main two different strategies to manage
focal refractory granular myringitis were analyzed, including carbon
dioxide laser and caustic solution. We also recorded the clinical course
and determine which strategy is better. Results One hundred and thirty
patients with granular myringitis were enrolled. 47/130 (36.1%) had
previous otologic procedures. Frequent ototrrhea is the most common
symptom (66.1%). Posterior-inferior quadrant is the most common site of
involvement (58%). The successful rate of CO2 laser, caustic agent were
94.9% and 79.2%. The recurrence rate was comparable between CO2 laser
and caustic agent. No major complication was found in either individual
group. Conclusion: Otologic procedure may be a predisposing factor of
focal chronic myringitis. Ear drops had poor efficacy compared to other
treatments. It can be apply only on minor and fresh symptom cases. In
this study, we suggest CO2 laser can be the first line treatment,
especially for the troublesome or refractory GM cases, which had the
higher successful rate and less complication comparing to caustic agent
cauterization.
Termostatik Radyatör Vanası Kullanımının Binalarda Enerji Verimliliği Üzerindeki Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması
Authors: KARAÇAM Tuncay , VARİYENLİ Halil , MARTİN Kerim , KHANLARI Ataollah , AYTAÇ İpek
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada termostatik radyatör vanası (TRV) kullanımının enerji verimliliği üzerindeki etkilerinin gözlemlenebilmesi için, 98.8 m2 net kullanım alanına sahip bir dairede deneyler yapılmıştır. Deneyler, önce radyatörler üzerinde normal vanalar takılı iken yapılmış daha sonra mevcut vanalar termostatik vanalarla değiştirilerek deneyler tekrarlanmıştır. TRV’ler sayesinde her odanın sıcaklığı ayarlanan değerde sabit tutulabilmiş ve konforlu bir ısınma sağlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. TRV kullanımı radyatörler üzerindeki sıcaklık dağılımları homojenize etmiş ve radyatörün gereksiz yere ısınmasını engelleyerek doğal gaz tasarrufu sağlamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre TRV sayesinde doğal gaz tüketiminin günde 1.4 m3 azaltılabileceği hesaplanmıştır. Bu değer, aylık 41.82 m3 ve yılda 6 aylık bir kullanım ile 250.9 m3’lük doğal gaz tasarrufu anlamına gelmektedir. Mevcut doğal gaz fiyatları dikkate alınırsa yıllık 577.1 ₺’lik bir tasarruf söz konusudur. Daireye birim fiyatı 150 ₺ olan toplamda 7 adet termostatik vana takılmış ve geri ödeme süresi 1.67 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca yakıt tüketimindeki azalmaya bağlı olarak çevreye salınan CO2 miktarında yıllık 470 kg civarında bir azaltım yapılabileceği gözlemlenmiştir.
Computer System for Converting Gestures to Text and Audio Messages
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Borovets Dmytro , Pavych Tetyana , Paramud Yaroslav
Published: January 2022

Today, there are quite a large number of deaf- mute and hard-of-hearing people which communicate using gestures. Therefore, it is simply necessary to provide them with modern means of communication with the surrounding world. This paper creates a holistic computer system architecture for converting gestures into text and audio messages. The principles of construction and basic design solutions of a computer system based on a modern element base with increased productivity and minimization of hardware costs and energy consumption have been developed. The most popular existing solutions for gesture recognition are considered and analyzed. The operation of the main components has been described, the principle of functioning of the entire system has been analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages have been compared. The latest structural components for building a computer system (both physical and software) have been selected and investigated. Physical features include: the state-of-the-art Arduino Nano computing platform, the HC-05 Bluetooth module, the ADXL335 accelerometer, and the latest ZD10-100 Information sensor (flexibility sensor). Software features include: firmware for the Arduino Nano hardware platform, Python-based software for splitting the flow of letters into words, displaying them, and voicing them. The methods of Google Media Translation API and Google Text-to-speech (gTTS) have been analyzed. The expediency of conducting research has improved performance through the use of a new information sensor, which is a flexibility sensor ZD10-100 500 g. The general structural scheme of all systems has been designed.
Recommendation System for Purchasing Goods Based on the Decision Tree Algorithm
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kohut Yurii , Yurchak Iryna
Published: January 2022

Over the past few years, interest in applications related to recommendation systems has increased significantly. Many modern services create recommendation systems that, based on user profile information and his behavior. This services determine which objects or products may be interesting to users. Recommendation systems are a modern tool for understanding customer needs. The main methods of constructing recommendation systems are the content-based filtering method and the collaborative filtering method. This article presents the implementation of these methods based on decision trees. The content-based filtering method is based on the description of the object and the customer’s preference profile. An object description is a finite set of its descriptors, such as keywords, binary descriptors, etc., and a preference profile is a weighted vector of object descriptors in which scales reflect the importance of each descriptor to the client and its contribution to the final decision. This model selects items that are similar to the customer’s favorite items before. The second model, which implements the method of collaborative filtering, is based on information about the history of behavior of all customers on the resource: data on their purchases, assessments of product quality, reviews, marked product. The model finds clients that are similar in behavior and the recommendation is based on their assessments of this element. Voting was used to combine the results issued by individual models — the best result is chosen from the results of two models of the ensemble. This approach minimizes the impact of randomness and averages the errors of each model. The aim: The purpose of work is to create real competitive recommendation system for short period of time and minimum costs.
Analysis of Algorithms for Searching Objects in Images Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Koval Ihor
Published: January 2022

The problem of finding objects in images using modern computer vision algorithms has been considered. The description of the main types of algorithms and methods for finding objects based on the use of convolutional neural networks has been given. A comparative analysis and modeling of neural network algorithms to solve the problem of finding objects in images has been conducted. The results of testing neural network models with different architectures on data sets VOC2012 and COCO have been presented. The results of the study of the accuracy of recognition depending on different hyperparameters of learning have been analyzed. The change in the value of the time of determining the location of the object depending on the different architectures of the neural network has been investigated.
Investigation of Serverless Architecture
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lakhai Vladyslav , Bachynskyy Ruslan
Published: January 2022

Serverless computing is a new and still evolving type of cloud computing, which brings a new approach to the development of information systems. The main idea of serverless is to give an approach of doing computing without dealing with a server to a user. Such approach allows to reduce the cost of the system building and system support. It allows small companies to concentrate on their own system designing instead of thinking about infrastructure building and supporting. Also, a big problem of providing the system security on high level is on cloud’s provider engineering support service. Serverless approach allows to start business quickly without huge initial investment. There is an attempt to completely analyze features, benefits and drawbacks of serverless approach, its use cases and main patterns of Serverless architecture. What is more, different providers have been analyzed.