bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandangan Islam Mengenai Fotografer (Studi Kasus: Photo Prewedding sebelum sah)
Authors: Yudha Tanjung Arswendo , Hatmanto Ridho
Published: October 2024

Pandangan Islam tentang fotografer, terutama dalam prewedding sebelum ijab sah, bervariasi. Secara umum, Islam menekankan kesucian dan keabsahan pernikahan dengan ijab kabul yang jelas. Praktik prewedding dengan pemotretan sebelum ijab sah memunculkan pertanyaan etika. Beberapa ulama mengkritik praktik ini karena dianggap melanggar kesucian pernikahan Islam, melibatkan komitmen sebelum ijab kabul resmi. Namun, ada juga pandangan yang mengizinkan foto prewedding selama tidak melanggar norma agama dan nilai-nilai moral Islam. Dalam konteks ini, penting untuk menyelidiki pandangan ulama, fatwa, dan kesesuaian praktik prewedding dengan prinsip-prinsip pernikahan Islam. Ini bertujuan agar pasangan dan fotografer memahami konsekuensi agama dari keputusan mereka dan menjaga agar praktik tersebut tetap sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Islamic views on photographers, especially in pre-wedding before legal marriage,vary. In general, Islam emphasizes the sanctity and validity of marriage with a clear consent. The practice of pre-wedding with a photo shoot before the marriage ceremony raises ethical questions. Some clerics have criticized this practice because it violates the sanctity of Islamic marriage, involving commitment before the formal consent. However, there are also views that allow pre-wedding photos as long as they do not violate religious norms and Islamic moral values. In this context, it is important to investigate the views of ulama, fatwas, and the suitability of pre-wedding practices with Islamic marriage principles. This aims to ensure that couples and photographers understand the religious consequences of their decisions and keep the practice in line with Islamic values.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as a Form of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis, Drugs, and Procedures
Authors: Banthiya Sukriti , Check Larissa , Atkins Jessica
Published: October 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex and heterogeneous cardiac disorder characterized by cardiac hypertrophy disproportionate to loading stimuli (e.g. hypertension or aortic stenosis). Diagnosing HCM requires a thorough examination of clinical symptoms, with echocardiography as the key initial imaging tool. Multimodality imaging further supports diagnosis, helps assess left ventricular outflow obstruction, and aids in risk stratification for sudden cardiac death. The cornerstone of HCM management remains pharmacological therapy with β-blockers and calcium channel blockers serving as first-line agents to alleviate symptoms and reduce left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. More recently, cardiac myosin inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment paradigm for obstructive HCM. Procedural interventions such as septal reduction therapy are reserved for refractory cases. Genetic testing and risk stratification for sudden cardiac death play a critical role in treatment decisions, guiding further testing in first-degree relatives and ICD implantation in high-risk individuals. Exercise recommendations have evolved based on recent data, challenging traditional restrictions and emphasizing individualized plans.
Galicyjscy tłumacze dzieł Adama Mickiewicza
Authors: Woldan Alois
Published: October 2024

Austriacka Galicja jako kraj wielokulturowy i wielojęzyczny była obszarem predestynowanym do powstawania rozlicznych tłumaczeń z języków i na języki, które w niej dominowały. Doskonale uwidaczniają to przekłady utworów Adama Mickiewicza, które w Galicji były tłumaczone zarówno na język ukraiński, jak i niemiecki. Tłumacze, dziś raczej zapomniani, należeli do galicyjskiej inteligencji bez względu na pochodzenie polskie, ukraińskie, żydowskie czy niemieckie. Studium przedstawia Mykołę Ustyjanowycza, Tymka Padurrę, Iwana Frankę (pochodzenia ukraińskiego), Gotthilfa Kohna, Sigfrida Lipinera i A.E. Rutrę (pochodzenia żydowskiego i niemieckiego), którzy byli nie tylko tłumaczami, lecz także galicyjskimi pisarzami i intelektualistami.
Józefińska reorganizacja magistratów w Galicji jako czynnik kształtowania nowej elity urzędniczej miast
Authors: Ślusarek Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

W artykule omówiono realizację i skutki przeprowadzonej na przełomie XVIII i XIX w. reformy ustroju miast w Galicji, w tym w szczególności problem tworzenia magistratów uregulowanych i formowania się nowej elity urzędniczej miast. Reformy zapoczątkowane w czasach panowania cesarza Józefa II doprowadziły do likwidacji dawnego samorządu miejskiego, przekształcając magistraty uregulowane w najniższy organ administracji państwowej i sądowej. Do roku 1820 zorganizowane na nowych zasadach miejskie egzekutywy powstały zaledwie w 63 spośród blisko 300 miast Galicji. W dłuższej perspektywie prowadziło to z jednej strony do radykalnego ograniczenia wpływu mieszczaństwa na zarządzanie miastem, a z drugiej – do ukształtowania się nowych elit, które w dużym stopniu nie wywodziły się już ze środowisk lokalnych, jak to miało miejsce w przypadku dawnego samorządu miejskiego, lecz stanowiły element napływowy.
Ormiańska Geselligkeit: Jan Bołoz Antoniewicz i sztuka wymowy
Authors: Bryl Mariusz
Published: October 2024

Tekst stanowi case study dotyczące „sztuki wymowy” jako istotnego elementu życia galicyjskiej inteligencji. Historyk literatury Wilhelm Bruchnalski (1918) twierdził, że umiejętność „wymowy” rozwinęła się szczególnie w Galicji dzięki wzrostowi wolności politycznej. Przejawiało się to wiązaniem „każdej ważniejszej okoliczności charakteru publicznego czy prywatnego z wymową”, która, gdy mówca łączył „cel estetyczny z praktycznym”, przeradzała się w „sztukę wymowy”. Artykuł ma na celu określenie specyficznych cech „sztuki wymowy” Jana Bołoza Antoniewicza, decydujących o wyjątkowości jego praktyki oratorskiej.
Roman Rosdolsky w Galicji. Lata formacyjne historyka społecznego
Authors: Augustynowicz Christoph , Kaps Klemens
Published: October 2024

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje dekonstrukcję tezy Karola Marksa i Friedricha Engelsa o narodach bez historii, której dokonał marksistowski historyk społeczny Roman Rosdolsky w obronionej w Wiedniu dysertacji doktorskiej z 1929 r. Autorzy dokonują analizy w trzech punktach: 1) Scjentyzacja w rodzinie i upolitycznienie poprzez środowisko, 2) Faza twórcza między nauką a polityką w Wiedniu, Lwowie i Detroit, 3) Powstanie rozprawy doktorskiej wiedeńskiej.
„Inteligenckie inicjatywy” galicyjskiej ziemianki. Wpływ wychowania Anny z Działyńskich Potockiej (1846–1926) na jej działalność społeczną
Authors: Włodyka Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Anna z Działyńskich Potocka, córka Tytusa i Celestyny z Zamoyskich, większość życia spędziła w Galicji, w położonym niedaleko Krosna Rymanowie. Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie, jak wychowanie w wielkopolskiej rodzinie arystokratycznej, silnie związanej z inteligencją, wpłynęło na decyzje podejmowane przez Annę Potocką w dorosłym życiu. Do jej najbardziej znanych inicjatyw należały szkoły – rzeźbiarska i koronkarska, założone w Rymanowie. Innym przykładem jej działalności były przedstawienia historyczne urządzane w uzdrowisku oraz poradniki pisane z myślą o ludności wiejskiej.
W kręgu inteligencji lwowskiej. Seminarium historyczne Ludwika Finkla
Authors: Sierżęga Paweł
Published: October 2024

Ludwik Finkel (1858–1930), profesor Uniwersytetu Lwowskiego, wykładowca historii nowożytnej polskiej i powszechnej, historii austriackiej, a także metodologii i historiografii, od 1899 r. prowadził też seminarium. Do czasu przejścia na emeryturę był opiekunem naukowym pięćdziesięciu trzech studentów, którzy otrzymali doktoraty. Wielu z wychowanków L. Finkla kontynuowało kariery uniwersyteckie, inni realizowali się jako archiwiści, pracownicy bibliotek i nauczyciele. Większość z wychowanków angażowało się w prace na rzecz rozwoju nauki, wielu było aktywnymi członkami towarzystw naukowych. Seminarium Finkla przygotowywało absolwentów nie tylko do prowadzenia badań historycznych, ale uczyło też odpowiedzialności za kształt polskiej nauki, kultury i oświaty.
TECHNOLOGY OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL CORRECTION FUNNEL-SHAPED DEFORMATION OF THE CHEST IN CHILDREN
Authors: Kaminska Marianna , Dihtiar Valery
Published: October 2024

The most common method surgical treatment of pectus excavatum (PE) is thoracoplasty according by D.Nuss at the moment. But serious complications associated with trauma to the pericardium, blood vessels, and bleeding are known. Objective. Development of a modified technology surgical correction of pectus excavatum, which involves exclusively extrapleural passage of the plate, according to the individual size and shape of the deformation of the patient’s chest, in order to prevent intraoperative complications. Methods. 81 patients aged 10 to 17 years were involved in the study. A modified technology of extrapleural surgical correction of PE was performed. The plate was carried level of the VI–VII sternocostal joints through the formed through submuscular-extrapleural retrosternal tunnel from right to left under control of right-sided thoracoscopy. The plate was modeled according by individual deformation parameters chest. The analysis was carried out according to the following criteria: age, gender, type of deformity, Haller index, duration of surgery, intraoperative and early postoperative complications according by Clavien–Dindo classification. Results. The median age of patients was (13.8 ± 1.9) years, of which there were 65 (85.25 %) boys, 16 (19.75 %) girls. 48 (59.3 %) children were diagnosed with type I (symmetric) deformity, and 33 (40.7 %) with type II (asymmetric) according to the classification. The median Haller was (4.07 ± 0.62), which corresponds to 2–3 degrees. Differences in the degree of deformation in children of different sexes were not determined (р = 0.828). Impaired lung function was d iagnosed i n 55.55 % (n = 45), i mpaired h eart f unction — 40.74 % (n = 33). T he d uration of the o peration was on a verage (70.6 ± 15.4) minutes, from 50 to 110 minutes. Early postoperative complications were found in 5 (6.17 %) patients classified as grade I (mild) according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, which did not require additional medical or surgical correction. After the operation, the correction of chest deformation was on average (2.35 ± 0.22) according by Haller index, which was statistically significantly (р = 0.001) different from the initial level. Conclusions. The use of modified technology surgical correction of PE meets safety requirements and minimizes postoperative complications.
Critical Conversations on Teaching and Learning Decolonial Narratives: A Duoethnography of Firekeeper’s Daughter
Authors:   Washington State University, England Erica , Wright Shain ,   Washington State University, Crommarty Dion ,   Washington State University
Published: October 2024

Exploring the role of diverse young adult (YA) literature in fostering social justice awareness, this paper focuses on the YA novel Firekeeper’s Daughter as a tool for understanding decolonization and our own individual privileges and responsibilities as they relate to colonization. Three researchers, each with differing positionalities and worldviews, employ a polyvocal methodology of duoethnography to examine the text's challenges to settler colonialism and its illumination of historical and systemic injustices. Through our dialogic exchange, we aim to contribute to a wider conversation about the potential of literature storytelling, and authentic, vulnerable conversations to inspire transformative change.
Korupcja w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce – źródła i przyczyny
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, Filipek Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the problem of corruption in local government entities. It addresses the sources and causes, as well as attempts to completely eliminate corruption from public life. The article serves as a review and introduction to the issues related to corruption in local government, its sources, and causes.
Entre a visão e a imagem: para uma antropologia (fenomenológica) da imagem em Hans Jonas
Authors: Oliveira Jelson R. de
Published: October 2024

Resumo: No presente artigo, pretende-se demonstrar a centralidade do problema da imagem, na ontologia e na antropologia filosófica de Hans Jonas, deixando de lado os aspectos éticos. Trata-se de analisar como, a partir dos elementos derivados da sua biologia filosófica (caracterizada como uma descrição do fenômeno da vida), é possível compreender a centralidade da noção de imagem, em suas diferentes implicações para a constituição da diferença dos animais humanos em relação às demais formas de vida animal. Para tanto, objetiva-se evidenciar as características centrais do que podemos chamar de uma Antropologia fenomenológica da imagem, constituída com base em três aspectos: [1] a participação do animal humano na história da liberdade, descrita como fio condutor da compreensão do fenômeno da vida, no qual se situa a relação entre a visão e a distância; [2] a concepção da imagem como parte do processo de autoconstituição de si mesmo, por parte do humano; [3] a imagem como elemento de diferenciação do animal humano em relação aos demais animais, segundo o processo de continuidade transanimal do ser humano. Por fim, espera-se explicitar como a imagem exerce papel fundamental, seja no contexto da ontobiologia jonasiana (na medida em que dá testemunho da liberdade própria das formas de vida animal), seja na constituição de sua antropologia filosófica (por meio do conceito de transanimalidade).
Efeitos do isolamento social sobre o setor de serviços do Brasil: uma análise a partir do modelo VARX
Authors: Assunção Laudenor Morais Correia de Melo , Ribeiro Luiz Carlos de Santana , Moura Fábio Rodrigues de
Published: October 2024

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a resposta do setor de serviços do Brasil a um choque exógeno causado por uma elevação do isolamento social por meio do modelo VARX. A escassez de estudos nacionais sobre o setor de serviços e sua heterogeneidade demonstra a importância de analisar melhor esse setor. Os principais resultados sugerem que o choque atinge o setor de serviços agregado e a maioria dos seus subsetores de forma transitória. De maneira oposta, o setor industrial e o IBC-Br sofrem o efeito de forma permanente. Entre todos os subsetores, Serviços prestados às famílias é o que apresenta resultados mais interessantes, tendo redução de 100 p.p. na taxa de crescimento no momento do choque, e depois atingindo um ganho de 9,3 p.p. Já o subsetor “Outros serviços” é o que tem a maior redução em termos de perdas permanentes. Como robustez, foi estimado também um VARX bayesiano, com resultados que apontam, de forma geral, na mesma direção.
Profiling of secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas sp. isolate PY-122 and PY-142 as biocontrol agent againts fusarium wilt disease on chili
Authors: Wuryandari Y. , Suryaminarsih P. , Rahmadhini N. , Lestari S. R.
Published: October 2024

Abstract Fusarium wilt is an important disease on chili plants caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of secondary metabolites from 2 Pseudomonad isolates in controlling Fusarium wilt in chili plants and their effect on chili plant growth. This research was conducted in two stages, namely in vitro, which was carried out in the plant health laboratory and greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, and in vivo which was carried out in chili plantations known to be endemic to Fusarium wilt in Menganti, Gresik. The research design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design for in vitro testing and Randomized Group Design for in vivo testing by testing 9 treatments repeated 3 times. The treatment tested was control, secondary metabolite application of Pseudomonas isolates PY-122 and PY-142 with concentrations of 20% 30%, 40% and 50%. The variables observed were inhibition of secondary metabolites on the growth of Fusarium fungus, disease incubation period, disease severity index, and plant growth. Sequencing results with 16rRNA gene markers for both Pseudomonas isolates showed similarities to Pseudomonas sp. The results showed that the treatment of secondary metabolite PY-142 with a concentration of 50% showed the highest consistent inhibition. In the greenhouse and field tests, the two isolates slowed down the disease incubation period and development compared to controls. In agronomical observations, the average plant height, number of leaves, root length, and appearance of the first flower on the treated plants were higher and more numerous than the control plants.
Use of long-acting contraceptive methods and main concerns among women in Brazil
Authors: Borges Ana Luiza Vilela , Chofakian Christiane Borges do Nascimento , Ale Carolina Cavalcante da Silva , Cabral Cristiane da Silva
Published: October 2024

Abstract Objectives: to assess factors associated with the use of long-acting reversible methods (LARC) and women’s concerns about them. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study conducted in a digital environment from April to June 2021, with the use of a structured instrument disseminated through social networks. The study included women of reproductive age (18 to 49 years old), who were not pregnant, not hysterectomized, not sterilized and whose partners were not vasectomized. Data were analyzed using logistic and multinomial regression. Results: the study population consisted of 1596 women aged 18 to 49 living in all regions of the country, 22% of whom were using LARC. Aspects associated with LARC use were younger age, having health insurance, being in a relationship and not wanting to get pregnant. Half of LARC users reported having some kind of concern about the method, the most frequent being the risk of becoming pregnant (36.2%). The aspects associated with having concerns about using LARC were the type of method, not being in a relationship and not wanting to get pregnant. Conclusions: LARC users are not a homogeneous group. Current experience of using LARC is lived with concerns, including some about its efficacy.
MEMÓRIA E ANCORAGEM NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE EDIÇÃO GENÉTICA DE EMBRIÕES HUMANOS
Authors: Eskinazi Renan Harmes , Aléssio Renata Lira dos Santos , Santos Maria de Fátima de Souza
Published: October 2024

Resumo: As representações sociais são elaboradas a partir da inserção de determinado objeto em um sistema de conhecimentos preexistentes, processo este, denominado de ancoragem. Este estudo buscou analisar a relação entre memória e ancoragem nas representações sociais da edição genética de embriões humanos. Foram conduzidas 40 entrevistas com pessoas adultas maiores de 18 anos sobre opiniões acerca da edição genética de embriões humanos. Realizou-se uma Análise de Conteúdo Temática a partir das entrevistas. As memórias evocadas discutem os avanços da ciência e o surgimento de outras biotecnologias no passado. O risco de práticas eugenistas e erros da ciência também foram rememorados. As memórias mostram duas tendências concomitantes entre os entrevistados: a busca pela familiarização da edição genética e/ou o distanciamento deste objeto. Os posicionamentos revelam um pensamento condicional, apontando para os aspectos controversos e esperançosos e as consequências positivas e negativas que podem ocorrer a partir da aplicação dessa tecnologia.
Towards sustainability engaged accounting: A behavioral approach
Authors: Soares Eduardo Codevilla , Lima Nilton Cesar , Coelho Arnaldo Fernandes Matos
Published: October 2024

Abstract This study focuses on how accountants' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards accountability can shape a company's sustainability performance via the use of accounting information. While much is known about the role of accounting in sustainability, there is a shortage of insights into how aspects of accountants' behavior influence sustainability outcomes. The applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior in this context, especially in Brazil, remains largely uncharted. This research seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by exploring the interplay between accountants' behavioral traits, the use of accounting data, and organizational sustainability. The findings reveal a positive correlation between accountability and organizational commitment, highlighting the indispensability of accountability for sustainable organizational outcomes. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, a derivative of the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study uses a quantitative point of view. Data were collected through a structured survey distributed among Brazilian accountants. Using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique, 383 accountants participated. Data were collected using a snowball method, initiated by 32 primary contacts. This research contributes to the accounting literature in three main ways. First, it highlights the role of accounting in promoting sustainable organizational development, positioning the Theory of Planned Behavior as a valuable tool in the sustainability discourse. Second, it sheds light on the importance of accounting within the culture of accountability, giving greater weight to its usefulness in guiding organizations to attain business objectives. Lastly, it emphasizes the full role of sustainability in organizational growth, highlighting accounting as a strategic tool in formulating and implementing business strategy.
Suggestions from a hospital health team for professional training and preparation for pandemics
Authors: Barros Henrique Ribeiro de Souza , Grosseman Suely
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic provided evidence of gaps in the preparation of health professionals. The objective of this study was to know the suggestions of professionals who worked in healthcare about how to better prepare them to deal with this context. Method: This was an exploratory qualitative study with in-depth semi-structured interviews of diverse groups of professionals from a high-complexity teaching hospital in the South Region of Brazil. Comprehensive Sociology was used as a framework. Results: The suggestions for institutions that provide healthcare included greater attention to their clinical staff, with regularly offered technical training and psychological preparation programs. Suggestions for health education institutions included greater curricular emphasis on psychological aspects and comprehensive care in human health, with humanization; communication; collaborative teamwork, leadership, and management; greater theoretical and practical course load, with simulation and practice in real emergency and intensive care scenarios, in addition to contents covering crisis medicine, biosafety, bioethics when resources are scarce, and care for critically-ill patients. Discussion: The literature indicates that investments in permanent education programs minimize avoidable errors, improve team performance and promote professional development. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the need to learn self-care, communication with patients and family members and strategies for controlling and managing emotions was highlighted. With regard to technical and scientific skills to be emphasized in the presence of mass crises, topics related to biosafety and care for critically-ill patients are highlighted. Final considerations: The suggestions provided can contribute to better preparation of health professionals to work in pandemic contexts.
The “pharmakon” of prevention: artificial immunity in the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Varino Sofia
Published: October 2024

Abstract The concept of pharmakon encapsulates the paradoxical ambivalence of any therapeutic intervention’s harmful as well as beneficial effects; within the context of immunological practices related to covid-19, this ambivalence has been successfully exploited by anti-vaccination movements and is also evident in widespread vaccine hesitancy in wealthy countries where vaccines for this virus are widely available. Here we engage with the theoretical apparatus of the pharmakon to examine how care, harm, risk, and prevention are enacted in covid-19 prevention measures and mobilize the transdisciplinary methodologies of science and technology studies to investigate how anticipatory imaginaries drive cutting-edge research on covid-19 vaccines and the clinical and social practices they have elicited.
Introduciendo componentes metodológicos a la convivencia escolar
Authors: Andrades-Moya Jonathan
Published: October 2024

RESUMEN La convivencia escolar suele relacionarse con las interacciones que llevan a cabo las personas de un contexto educativo. Estas interacciones pueden ser reguladas mediante procesos metodológicos formales e informales. Por ello, junto a un grupo de personas, denominado Comunidad de Investigación, se desarrolló una investigación participativa, con el propósito de abordar el potencial metodológico de la convivencia escolar, introduciendo componentes y características que posibiliten posicionarla como una praxis, enfocada en la co-construcción de conocimientos. Para ello, se optó por la metodología dialógica-kishu kimkelay ta che, que se caracteriza por la participación política y el desarrollo conjunto de todo el proceso investigativo. Entre los principales resultados, se identificaron componentes metodológicos que permiten extraer un plano denominado praxis de la convivencia escolar. Estos componentes potencian el aspecto preventivo y la generación de conocimiento sobre esta temática.
Trajetória formativa de mulheres negras em um curso de formação de professores: vivências e desafios
Authors: Heidelmann Stephany Petronilho , Candau Vera Maria Ferrão
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Este artigo propõe-se a analisar de que forma gênero, raça e classe se articulam para construir as inserções, vivências e identidades das mulheres negras no campo acadêmico. Assim, o presente estudo se construiu pela aplicação de 28 questionários semiestruturados e pela realização de 15 entrevistas individuais com alunas e egressas do curso de Licenciatura em Química do Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro-campus Duque de Caxias. Este estudo articula conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu com estudos de alguns autores negros, como: Djamila Ribeiro, Carla Akotirene e Silvio Almeida. Os resultados iluminam não só os dispositivos mobilizados pelas participantes para a permanência e êxito no curso, como também apresenta outras discussões a respeito da construção das relações no campo acadêmico e da superação das violências simbólicas em suas trajetórias acadêmicas.
Effect of Different Parameters on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hazelnut Shells
Authors: Gezen Özcan , Deniz İrem
Published: October 2024

In the last few decades, the increasing levels of environmental pollution have prompted a shift towards alternative energy sources and biobased solutions, such as lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is primarily derived from plants and is composed mainly of polysaccharides, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and the aromatic polymer lignin. Hazelnut shells (HS), with a high lignin content of 43%, hemicellulose of 30%, and cellulose of 26%, hold promise as a valuable source of LB. In order to process those LB, lignin and hemicellulose are separated using various treatment methods. However, instead of being used solely for combustion, lignin-containing materials can be valorized for a range of purposes, from biomedical applications to the energy sector. In this study, the enzymatic hydrolysis of HS was conducted over different time periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours), at different temperature values with varying enzyme concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.25 mL of cellulase/xylanase enzyme cocktail). To enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis, an alkaline pretreatment method using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was employed. The results demonstrate that the maximum sugar concentration was achieved at 50°C, after 72 hours, and with a cellulase/xylanase cocktail concentration of 0.1 mL.
Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano/Microparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Polygonum cognatum Meisn. Plant
Authors: Akça Erdem
Published: October 2024

The environmentally friendly plant-based green synthesis approach provides a fabulous opportunity to produce versatile zinc oxide powders with multifarious morphology and/or size. In this study, it was mainly aimed at using Polygonum cognatum Meisn. extract to synthesize zinc oxide powder via a simple green synthesis route. For this purpose, zinc nitrate solution was mixed with an aqueous extract of fresh Polygonum cognatum Meisn. plant leaves to obtain a zinc-based precursor, and then zinc oxide powder was synthesized by means of calcination conducted at 400°C for 2 hours in air. Phase, spectroscopic, and microstructural analysis techniques, as well as Rietveld refinement method and Williamson-Hall analysis, were performed to investigate the powder characteristics. It was found that the synthesized high-purity zinc oxide powder had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Zinc oxide powder was observed to have a particularly large amount of nano-sized equiaxed particles (~25 nm in average diameter) together with micron-sized hourglass-like particles consisting of two hexagonal prisms (each
THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE ARCHONS IN THE PRINCIPALITY OF ACHAEA (1205–1262 AD)
Authors:   Vladimir State University, Frolov D. L.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the social status of the Greek nobility in the Achaean Principality in 1204–1262. Based on the analysis of the texts of three versions of the «Chronicle of Morea», the chronicles of Geoffroi de Villehardouin, Henri de Valenciennes, George Acropolites, George Pachymeres, Marino Sanudo Torsello, and other sources, the author identifies the features of the archons’ integration into the new social structure created by the Franks. It is observed that the imposition of military duty on «ἄρχοντες» occurred when its performance was traditional for them (melingoi) or necessary for conquerors (nobles of Monemvasia). Attention is drawn to the absence of direct evidence that the military service entailed the “automatic” inclusion of the archons in the group of vassals of “simple homage”. It is stated that their mass presence in the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259 is not confirmed by any source. Thus, the first evidence of the participation of the Greek elite in the campaigns of the Latins and the beginning of its limited integration into the chivalry occurred in the 1260s. It is noted that within the framework of standard agreements on the transition to the power of Western Europeans, in which «ἄρχοντες» called themselves servants («δοῦλοι») of the Franks, the noble Greeks performed advisory and administrative functions, and probably could conclude temporary agreements on military support. The treaty of the archons of Monemvasia and Guillaume II de Villehardouin, in turn, can be interpreted not only as confirmation of the emergence of vassal relations between the conquerors and the conquered or the spread of mercenaries in the Frankish Morea, but also as a potential agreement on a fief-rente.
VLADIVOSTOK FORTRESS GENDARMERIE COMMAND IN 1904‒1907: FROM THE WAR WITH JAPAN TO THE FIRST RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Authors:   V. K. Arsenyev State United Museum-Reserve of the History of the Far East, Azarevich V. K.
Published: October 2024

Based on previously unpublished documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Rus-sian State Historical Archive of the Far East, the author analyzes the changes in the activities and organization of the Vladivostok Fortress Gendarmerie in 1904–1907. The Russo-Japanese War led to an increase in the number of servants of the fortress gendarmerie due to the status of Vladivostok as a frontline city. This required corre-sponding changes in the service of the gendarmerie, including the priority task of fighting enemy espionage. Subsequent changes to the Vladivostok serf gendarme command were caused by events during the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907, which led to gendarmes engaging in political investigations and fighting against the revolutionary movement. Despite staff shortages, the Vladivostok serf gendarme team managed to make some progress in this struggle. In all cases, the changes in the activities of the Vladivostok Fortress Gendarmerie were a reaction to new crises. The paper explores to what extent these changes corresponded to the general imperial transformations of the political police, and to what extent they were specific to the Far Eastern region. Through the example of the Vladivostok Fortress Gendarmerie Command, the autor demonstrates how the secret police in the Russian Empire responded to the challenges of war and revolution.
Kimyasal Savaş Ajanları: Özellikleri, Etkileri ve Dekontaminasyon Stratejileri
Authors: Karakurt Serdar , Bilgiseven İrem Mukaddes
Published: October 2024

Kimyasal savaş ajanları (KSA'lar), insanları etkisiz hale getirmek, yaralamak ve öldürmek, gıda kaynaklarını kirletmek ve yok etmek, kaos ve paniğe neden olmak için kullanılan tüm kimyasalları kapsar. KSA'lar askeri ve sivil personeli koruyucu giysiler giymeye ve koruyucu ekipman kullanmaya zorlayarak ekonomik ve stratejik açıdan önemli hedefleri sekteye uğratmakta ve hareket kabiliyetlerini azaltmaktadır. KSA'lar çok eski zamanlardan beri kullanılmaktadır ancak en yoğun kullanımı I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında olmuştur. O zamandan bu yana KSA'lar hem savaşlarda hem de terör eylemlerinde kullanılmaya devam etmiştir. Kimyasal Silahlar Konvansiyonu'na (29 Nisan 1997) göre, KSA'ların savaş alanında kullanımı yasaktır, ancak bu ajanların endüstriyel kullanımı tamamen yasaklanamaz. Bu nedenle KSA'lar her zaman ve her durumda panik yaratırlar. KSA'lar sinir ajanları, yakıcı ajanlar, boğucu ajanlar, kapasite bozucu ajanlar, isyan kontrol ajanları ve sistemik ajanlar olarak sınıflandırılır. Bu ajanların mekanizmaları birbirinden farklıdır; sinir ajanları asetilkolinesteraz enzimini (AChE) inhibe ederken, yakıcı ajanlar oksidatif stres yaratarak etki gösterir. Sonuç olarak bu derleme kapsamında KSA'ların sınıflandırılması ve bunların dekontaminasyonunda kullanılan maddeler ele alınmıştır.
Crowdsourcing Projekt „Reden Sie mit!“
Authors:   AAMP – Österreichische Akademie für Arbeitsmedizin und Prävention, Wien, Bitterl Sally , Hochgatterer Karl ,   AAMP – Österreichische Akademie für Arbeitsmedizin und Prävention, Wien, Koth Stefan ,   AAMP – Österreichische Akademie für Arbeitsmedizin und Prävention, Wien, Grill Christiane ,   Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Wien, Palfinger Thomas ,   Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Wien
Published: October 2024

Crowdsourcing project “Have your say!” – Practical research priorities for occupational medicine in Austria The aim of the AAMP project “Unresolved issues in occupational medicine. Have your say!” was to find out which topics should be prioritized with the limited research resources available in Austria. With the help of crowdsourcing, where, in contrast to traditional research practices, end users rather than scientists set the research topics, a practical research agenda with eight key topics was developed for Austria.
Berufskrankheiten in der Grünen Branche (Folge 4): Kollege Roboter – Autonome Fahrzeuge und Maschinen in der Grünen Branche
Authors:   Sozialversicherung für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau (SVLFG), Kassel, Dittmar Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Occupational diseases in the green sector (Part 4): Robot colleague – autonomous vehicles and machines in the green sector Robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are finding their way into the green sector. The German Social Insurance for Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture (SVLFG) is involved in the development of new safety standards and advises manufacturers on the development of self-propelled, highly automated vehicles and machines.
Multiagent penetration testing based on AIRL
Authors:   Tula State University, Russian Federation, Grekov Mikhail M. , Sychugov Aleksei A. ,   Tula State University, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application of a multi-agent approach based on the Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning (AIRL) method for penetration testing in information systems. Theoretical aspects of multi-agent AIRL are discussed, including the ability to model complex, multi-stage attacks, coordinate agent actions, and learn with partial observability, which accounts for limitations in information access. The practical application of this approach will demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying vulnerabilities, providing a deeper and more accurate security analysis.
Nonlinear flutter of the transient process of hereditarily deformable systems in supersonic flight mode
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Usmonov Botir Sh. , Safarov Ismoil I. ,   Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Teshaev Muhsin Kh. ,   Bukhara Branch of the Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the problem of nonlinear flutter of a transient process of a hereditarily deformable wing of an aircraft moving at supersonic speed is considered. The aim of the work is to study the flutter problem for plate elements of aircraft in a gas flow under loads caused by atmospheric turbulence. Aerodynamic effects are specified according to the linearized piston theory. Nonlinear wing oscillations are described by a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations. They are solved numerically by the method proposed by F. Badalov, which is based on the Bubnov–Galerkin method, finite difference method, and power series. Free vibration is analyzed under conditions of ideal elasticity with account for a hereditarily deformable thin wing. The displacements of characteristic points of the wing under flutter conditions are comparatively assessed. It is established that aerodynamic nonlinearity has little impact on the critical speed, but with an increase in the Mach number, this impact increases. The mechanical effect of a significant dependence of the critical flutter speed on the relaxation kernel amplitude and Poisson's ratio is revealed.
Vibration activity in electromechanical devices caused by technological errors
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Dmitriev Viktor S. , Minkov Leonid L. ,   Tomsk State University, Ermakov Dmitry V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Mokhovikov Aleksey A. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Shpil’noi Viktor Yu. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Belikov Rostislav K. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: October 2024

This article discusses a theoretical justification for the presence of vibration in operating modes of electromechanical devices due to technological errors occurring during the machining of parts and assembly of products. The reason for the presence of a dense spectrum of vibration caused by technological errors in the structural elements of ball bearings (outer and inner rings, balls, and cage) is also denoted. The analytical dependence of the vibration amplitude on the magnitude of technological errors is shown. It follows from the results of the analysis that for the most effective minimization of the vibration activity of an electromechanical device, it is necessary to use broadband damping, which is liquid–viscous in most cases. In addition to the above, it is advisable to apply damping in the cascade version. When solving the system of vibration equations for an electromechanical device, replacing ball bearings with sliding bearings eliminates the first four terms, which characterize a wide and dense vibration spectrum of the ball bearings in the operating mode of the electromechanical device.
Numerical study of the crack growth direction within a quasi-brittle material in a gradient temperature field
Authors:   Magnezit Group, Zabolotskiy Andrey V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitriev Andrey I. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The elliptical crack growth in a quasi-brittle material located in a gradient field of temperature next to the melting temperature for the thermodynamic phases of the material is studied. The elastic properties of the material are assumed to have an obvious dependence on temperature. This is typical for materials located close to the melting point. To determine the direction of crack growth, a gradient strain criterion is introduced, which assumes crack growth from the point of maximum elastic strain of the material toward its minimum. Depending on the orientation of the crack axis relative to the direction of the temperature gradient, the crack retardation, the change of the crack growth direction, or the appearance of secondary lateral cracks in the vicinity of the main crack tip are possible. The calculated results and the admissibility of applying the introduced criterion have been successfully validated by an experiment with thermal fracture of freshwater ice blocks. As a result, the phenomena predicted by finite element calculations have also been discovered experimentally.
A Nexus of Neural Mechanisms of Cooperation and Social Conformity: toward a Neuro-Cultural Interdependence Model
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Godovanets Alisa , Monahhova Eliana ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Komyaginskaya Elizaveta ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gallyamova Albina ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Grigoryev Dmitry ,   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Increasing evidence links cultural influences on brain activity to various cognitive and affective processes, necessitating an integrative framework to account for the dynamic interplay between culture, behavior, and neural function. The mechanisms of cooperation and social conformity within culture exhibit variable interdependence across contexts, manifested by distinct neural patterns. To address the isolated examination of these mechanisms, we propose a NeuroCultural Interdependence Model delineating four modes (competitive interdependence, conditional interdependence, selective interdependence, communal interdependence) characterized by specific neural signatures and behavioral tendencies within cultural contexts. These modes represent varying degrees of interdependence, elucidating how individuals interact and rely upon others in their cultural milieu. The framework posits a direct linkage between cultural orientations and neural activity, offering a novel perspective on culture’s internalization and manifestation at the individual level, underscoring its embeddedness within neural processes influencing cognitive, affective, and behavioral inclinations in relation to others. Crucially, our proposed model highlights an isomorphic relationship between cultural orientations and their corresponding neural structures. It demonstrates that the mechanisms of cooperation and social conformity function concurrently at both the cultural and neural levels, revealing a direct parallel in how these elements operate. We conclude by providing recommendations for future elaboration and empirical validation of our model to be conducted using advanced neuroimaging techniques.
Bullying as a Destructive Communal Coping of the School Community: A New Conceptualization
Authors:   HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bochaver Alexandra
Published: October 2024

School bullying has long been the subject of numerous empirical studies and applied interventions, due to its high prevalence and serious negative consequences. However, the theoretical understanding of this phenomenon, its predictors and dynamics, is not so rich. The paper examines the most established and influential theories developed by domestic and foreign scientists explaining the causes and dynamics of school bullying. The views on bullying as a result of social learning and a consequence of cognitive representations, a way to increase status and achieve popularity, a group process, the result of synergy of factors within the various social systems, as well as a form of adaptation are discussed. These theories are used to varying degrees to develop anti-bullying interventions, such as prevention programs, technologies to stop bullying, and educational activities. Based on the works on the effectiveness of various interventions, the paper problematizes the issues of the reasons for joining school bullying of children and adults, as well as the rapid return to bullying in schools after the end of anti-bullying activities. The author's concept of bullying is proposed as a communal coping strategy of the school community, where the rejection and displacement of one or more children who find themselves in the role of a victim to the periphery of a group of participants in the educational process, performs the functions of coping with stress and helps to reduce emotional stress to all other members of the community. It seems that this view of school bullying provides answers to the questions raised about the spread and stability of bullying and can be used as a basis for the development of programs addressed to the school community.
REFLECTION OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT SPECIFICITY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMMES OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors:   Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mirzekhanova Zoya , Koltsova Anastasia ,   Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The main ideas of the regional environmental policy are presented in the programmes «Environment Protection». These programs accumulate the tasks, which solution ensures the achievement of environmental targets in the outlines of the socio-economic development of a particular territory. The hypothesis of the current research states that the raw material specialization of the economic development of the Far Eastern Federal district has an impact on the solution of the targets identified in the environmental programs and reduces their effectiveness. The purpose of this paper, which is part of the authors’ large-scale research aimed at improving the structure of environmental programmes, is to reveal the specifics of the formation and content of environmental protection programmes in regions specializing in the extractive sectors of the economy. The study is based on the information of the state programmes «Environmental Protection» of five Far Eastern subjects adopted for the period 2020–2025: Magadan region, Sakhalin region, Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous District, Kamchatka Krai. These subjects are characterized by high potential of economic development and also predominance of resource industries in the territorial sectoral structure of the economy. The article analyses 205 indicators of ecological programmes of resource regions. It was found that only 17% of all indicators are aimed at improving the environmental situation, 13% ensure this process, 23% are not directly related to the environmental issues. It was concluded that the content of the programmes does not fully correspond to the priority areas of environmental policy, such as rational environmental management and reducing the negative impact on the environment, waste management, etc. The identified drawbacks of environmental programmes of resource-oriented regions should be taken into account in the formation of further environmental policy, while the new programmes should reflect the resource specialization of the regional economy in the form of special indicators.