bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Restriction During Development Impairs Reproductive Success but not Ornamentation in Zebra Finches
Authors: Coutts Victoria M. , Messerly Kayci I. , Wada Haruka
Published: February 2025

Stress during development can elicit lifelong changes to an organism. However, whether these changes are beneficial or detrimental can only be determined by their effect on fitness outcomes. Furthermore, the effect of severe, chronic food restriction on the development of ornamentation, which can influence attractiveness, still needs to be explored. In this study, zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) were exposed to either an ad libitum (control) diet or a 40% restricted (food‐restricted) diet throughout postnatal development. Pictures of beaks and cheek patches were captured throughout the juvenile period and into adulthood to measure the development of secondary sexual characteristics. In adulthood, females were paired with nonexperimental males to measure reproductive success. There was no effect of treatment on beak color development or final beak color, but food‐restricted males developed cheek patches slower and had more asymmetry during cheek patch development. However, food restriction did not impact the final cheek patch color or size. Food‐restricted females were found to have lower reproductive success than control females. These results suggest that while cheek patch ornamentation can experience ‘catch‐up growth’, and beak and cheek patch color do not reflect past developmental stress exposure, developmental food restriction impairs female reproductive success in a short‐lived passerine.
Assessment of Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Purple Sweet Potato Color (PSPC) and Myo‐Inositol (MI) Treatment for Motor Related and Behavioral Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Classic Galactosemia
Authors: Bellagamba Olivia , Guo Aaron j , Senthilkumar Sandhya , Lillevik Synneva Hagen , De Biase Davide , Lai Kent , Balakrishnan Bijina
Published: February 2025

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by mutations in the GALT gene encoding the enzyme galactose‐1 phosphate uridylyltransferase in galactose metabolism. The condition develops as a potentially fatal illness during the newborn period, but its acute clinical manifestations can be alleviated through a galactose restricted diet. Nonetheless, such dietary intervention is inadequate in preventing significant long‐term consequences, including neurological impairments, growth restriction, cognitive delays, and, for most females, primary ovarian insufficiency. At present, no effective therapy exists to stop the progression of these complications, highlighting the urgent need for new treatment approaches to be developed. Supplements have been used in the treatment of other inborn errors of metabolism; however, they are not typically included in the clinical therapeutic regimen for CG. Recently, our research team has demonstrated that two generally recognized as safe supplements (purple weet potato color, PSPC and myo‐inositol, MI) have been effective in partially restoring functions in the ovaries of our GalT‐KO mouse model. However, the toxicological profile of both PSPC and MI has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the acute (30 days) and chronic (180 days) oral toxicities of PSPC and MI both in WT control and GalT‐KO mice. Furthermore, our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of oral feeding of PSPC and MI in correcting motor‐related and behavioral phenotypes in GalT‐KO mice. The long‐term treatment of MI at a lower dose demonstrated promising improvements in motor deficit and anxiety driven hyperactivity in the mutant mice.
Efficacy and Ultrastructural Impact of Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium robertsii on Myllocerus subfasciatus
Authors: Monisha Udhayakumar , Shanmugam Pagalahalli Sankaran , Murugan Marimuthu , Jeyarani Subramanian , Geetha Nandagopal , Srinivasan Thulasy , Suganthi Angappan , Raghu Rajasekaran , Indhumathi Kabirdoss , Yamini Rajendran , Naveen Murugesan , Vivekanandhan Perumal
Published: February 2025

The ash weevil, Myllocerus subfasciatus, is a significant insect pest that infests brinjal. Both the adults and grubs feed on the leaves and roots, respectively, leading to considerable yield loss. The subterranean habits of the larvae limit the effectiveness of insecticide applications, necessitating the implementation of integrated pest management programs that utilize entomopathogenic fungi. This investigation aimed to identify potential Metarhizium species against ash weevil larvae through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histopathology. The ash weevils were mass‐cultured on brinjal plants under insect‐proof conditions. Eleven Metarhizium sourced from the departmental repository were subjected to pathogenicity tests on second‐instar ash weevil larvae, revealing that a concentration of 1 × 106 conidia/mL was optimal for SEM and histological studies. Among the 11 Metarhizium strains examined, the TNAU ENTMA TDM 8 strain produced spores measuring 5.8 µm in length and 2.4 µm in width in both potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and larvae. SEM analysis indicated that the mycelial adherence and penetration of Metarhizium were most pronounced in the larvae 5 days post inoculation (DPI). Histopathological investigations demonstrated that the TNAU ENTMA TDM 8 strain caused degradation of fat bodies and hemocytes at 3 DPI, and complete body distortion at 7 DPI, while the untreated control exhibited no such effects. The M. robertsii strain TNAU ENTMR GYU 1 displayed slower infectivity compared to the M. anisopliae strains. The TNAU ENTMA TDM 8 strain was determined to be the most effective against M. subfasciatus larvae and can be utilized for managing ash weevil populations.
Dynamics of Surface Chlorophyll and the Asymmetric Response of the High Productive Zone in the Peruvian Sea: Effects of El Niño and La Niña
Authors: Espinoza‐Morriberón Dante , Mogollón Rodrigo , Velasquez Oswaldo , Yabar Guisela , Villena Manuel , Tam Jorge
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes over 26 years of satellite data to explore the seasonal and interannual variability of surface chlorophyll‐a from September 1997 to March 2024, focusing on the impacts of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We investigate how these phases affect the High Productivity Zone (HPZ) during two seasonal periods: The Warm Season (December to April) and the Cold Season (June to September). From an ENSO‐neutral perspective, the HPZ is more extensive and exhibits higher chlorophyll concentrations during the Warm Season. Conversely, in the Cold Season, low chlorophyll concentrations are found and the area of the HPZ is reduced by 88,000 km2. Under El Niño conditions, chlorophyll‐a concentrations decrease consistently along the near‐offshore region, but a counter‐intuitive increase is observed within the 25 km from shore. La Niña phase enhances chlorophyll in the near‐offshore region while reducing it in the very nearshore waters. This study further highlights the asymmetric response of various physical drivers (such as upwelling strength and light) to different ENSO phases. This finding underscores the intricate interplay between ENSO and marine productivity, where the response can vary seasonally. These findings underscore a spatially complex response of the Peruvian coastal productivity to ENSO phases. Understanding these dynamics is vital for predicting future shifts in coastal productivity and for developing adaptive management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate variability on marine resources.
Separation and Purification of Ginsenosides and Flavonoids in From the Leaves and Stems of Panax quinquefolium by High‐Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Online‐Storage Inner‐Recycling Countercurrent Chromatography
Authors: Wang Chuangchuang , Yu Jinqian , Guo Yingjian , Jiang Min , Zhong Kai , Wang Xiao
Published: February 2025

Study aimed to isolate and purify compounds from the stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolius. By employing a highly innovative separation technique that combined multistage countercurrent chromatography (MRCC), high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), and an advanced online‐storage inner‐recycling countercurrent chromatography (OS‐IRCCC) mode for the first time, 12 compounds were successfully isolated, including 10 ginsenosides and 2 flavonoids. First, the crude extract was fractionated into five parts using D101 MRCC, with HPLC analysis revealing that 40% and 60% ethanol eluate contained the highest compound diversity. Overall, 40% ethanol eluate was separated using the solvent system of EtOAc/n‐BuOH/H2O (2:1:3, v/v), whereas 60% ethanol eluate underwent traditional countercurrent chromatography coupled with OS‐IRCCC separation using the solvent system of methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE)/n‐BuOH/ACN/H2O (4:2:3:8, v/v). Ultimately, various compounds were obtained, including kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl‐7‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside (13.2 mg), ginsenoside Rc (7.4 mg), 20(R)‐ginsenoside Rh1 (7.2 mg), ginsenoside Re (12.3 mg), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside (14.1 mg), ginsenoside Rb1 (8.2 mg), ginsenoside Rb2 (17.5 mg), ginsenoside Rb3 (27.3 mg), ginsenoside Rg1 (13.3 mg), ginsenoside Rg2 (9.7 mg), ginsenoside Rd (11.4 mg), and pseudo‐ginsenoside F11 (16.7 mg). This research highlights the efficacy of the novel separation technique in isolating and purifying valuable compounds from P. quinquefolius stems and leaves.
Mobile Gamification's Impact on Tourism Visit Intention
Authors: Ting Hiram , Hwa (Jacky) Cheah Jun , Tan Karen , Tham Aaron , Leong Quee Ling
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to determine how tourism‐related mobile games generate tourism visit intention. Drawing upon the technology acceptance model (TAM), the study seeks to find out the context‐specific considerations that exert a greater influence on the intention to visit destinations associated with the mobile game. Using a quantitative approach, data from 263 respondents were collected in Malaysia via an online survey. Partial least‐squares structural equation modelling was used to perform latent variable analysis. The findings show the significant effects of perceived ease of play and motivation to play on attitude and intention towards visiting the game destination. In particular, motivation to play is found to exert a greater effect on visit intention. Contradictory results about perceived enjoyment and the importance of motivation are also highlighted. This study adds to the literature that calls for the expansion of the TAM to include context‐specific considerations to articulate tourism gamification behaviour and the (un)intended effect on tourism visit intention. Specifically, the importance of context to TAM is unveiled through the motivation to play games related to tourism on a mobile phone. In contrast, this study points to the negligible influence of perceived enjoyment of games on intention to visit.
Rural Feet Voting of Leisure Explorers
Authors: Türk Umut , Toger Marina , Östh John , Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter
Published: February 2025

In the COVID‐19 period, spatial leisure behavior, often driven by the desire to escape urban life, reflected health and environmental concerns. This study examines how pandemic‐induced spatial motives and changes impacted disparities in leisure mobility, specifically urban‐to‐rural tourism, in Sweden. Analyzing pre‐pandemic, during pandemic, and post‐pandemic periods, using anonymized mobile phone and socioeconomic data, the paper explores urban–rural leisure mobility variations. Despite a decline in professional geographical mobility, mainly of people in affluent urban areas, due to remote work, the spatial leisure activities remained rather stable? Our findings, based on a negative binomial regression analysis, reveal also exacerbated socioeconomic segregation in recreational trips. The disruption in mobility accessibility due to COVID‐19 appears to amplify existing socioeconomic disparities, notably in urban‐to‐rural leisure travel. Our research sheds new light on the widening gap in geographical leisure activities, emphasizing the need for equitable access to nonurban destinations.
Bait trapping of waterfowl increases the environmental contamination of avian influenza virus (AIV)
Authors: Andrew Cassandra L. , McPhee Landon , Kuchinski Kevin S. , Wight Jordan , Rahman Ishraq , Mansour Sarah , Cortez Gabrielle Angelo , Kalhor Marzieh , Kenmuir Ethan , Prystajecky Natalie , Hargan Kathryn , Lang Andrew S. , Leafloor James O. , Soos Catherine , Ramey Andrew M. , Himsworth Chelsea
Published: February 2025

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b has circulated in North America since late 2021, resulting in higher rates of morbidity and mortality in wild birds than observed in this region before. The objective of this study was to determine whether baiting, which is widely conducted in Canada and the United States as part of waterfowl management practices (e.g., duck banding), influences the occurrence of avian influenza virus (AIV) in wetlands. We used a quasi‐experimental design, collecting superficial sediment samples (n = 336) and fecal samples (n = 242) from paired baited (treatment) and non‐baited (control) sites at 2 wetlands in Saskatchewan, Canada, between August and September 2022. We visited sampling sites 3 times during the sampling period: prior to the commencement of baiting activities (t0), approximately 14 days after t0 (t1), and 24 days after t0 (t2). We screened samples for AIV using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) targeting the matrix gene and subjected the PCR‐positive samples to next‐generation sequencing. We used a mixed‐effects logistic regression model to estimate the effect of baiting on the odds of AIV positivity in sediment samples, while controlling for clustering by wetland. At control sites, we did not detect evidence for a difference in the odds of AIV detection in sediment at t1 or t2 versus t0; however, at baited sites, the odds of AIV detection at t1 were 5.43 (95% CI = 1.99, 14.79) times the odds at t0 and at t2 the odds of AIV detection were 8.73 (95% CI = 3.29, 23.18) times the odds at t0. We detected HPAIV clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in sediment at 1 treatment site following baiting. There was also a trend towards increased fecal AIV positivity and increased fecal and sediment AIV diversity in baited versus non‐baited sites; however, there was insufficient power to determine if these findings were statistically significant. Overall, our results indicate that baiting is associated with localized increases in AIV environmental contamination, with baiting potentially creating concentrated areas of AIV accumulation. As such, wetland baiting activities may pose a risk to wildlife population health through the propagation of AIV in wetlands and the waterfowl using those environments and efforts to replace, refine, or reduce this activity may be warranted depending on local ecosystem contexts and cost‐benefit analyses.
Soil Aggregate Stability and Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Contents in Cut Slope Soils With Different Aspects in Plateau Areas
Authors: Xu Ziye , Sheng Meihua , Ai Shenghao , Yang Qinqing , Li Zhuojun , Chen Tingting , Kou Jianing , Ai Yingwei , Ai Xiaoyan
Published: February 2025

Slope aspects can affect the soil‐forming process. The implementation of road construction projects in plateau regions has resulted in the formation of numerous cut slopes. However, the soil aggregate stability and the characteristics of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients under different cut slope aspects (east‐facing slope (EFS), west‐facing slope (WFS), south‐facing slope (SFS) and north‐facing slope (NFS)) are still unclear. In this context, the present study aims to assess the characteristics and influencing factors of soil aggregate stability, as well as N, P, and K contents, under different slope aspects in typical cut slope soils with the four different aspects in the southwestern plateau of China. In addition, the relationships of the soil aggregate stability with the soil N, P, and K contents were further explored in this study. The results showed significant differences in the soil aggregate stability (MWD, mean weight diameter) between the four slope aspects. The MWD values of the WFS and SFS were 1.18 and 1.16, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the EFS and NFS (p < 0.05). Large macroscopic aggregates (LMA) showed the greatest contribution to the MWD values. The soil total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents showed significant differences between the four slope aspects and soil particle sizes. However, comparatively lower SOC contents were observed in the silt and clay fraction (SCA). The SOC contents and soil pH were the major factors influencing the LMA and SCA, which, in turn, affected the soil aggregate stability and contents of N, P, and K. The current study provides a useful reference for improving the quality of cut slope soils.
Calixarene Modification Strategy for Efficient Intracellular Protein Delivery
Authors: Ke Yong , Li Shuangxiu , Shao Yan , Li Qiushi , Wang Ying , Zhang Zhanzhan , Liu Yang
Published: February 2025

Efficient intracellular protein delivery is of great importance for the development of protein‐based therapy and modern biotechnologies. However, the hydrophilic and macromolecular nature of proteins greatly hinders their ability to cross cell membranes. Herein, a calixarene modification strategy for the intracellular delivery of protein drugs is developed. The decoration of sulfonate azocalix[4]arene (SAC4A) on proteins results in a nano‐multivalent effect between Protein‐S and amino acids on the cell surface, leading to efficient intracellular delivery of the protein via the clathrin‐mediated endocytic pathway. By using SAC4A as a novel ligand, this calixarene modification strategy efficiently delivers 7 proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA), trypsin (TRY), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), α‐chymotrypsin (α‐Chyt), lysozyme (LYZ), cytochrome C (Cyt C) and ribonuclease A (RNase A), into cells and significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of Cyt C and RNase A. Moreover, SAC4A‐modified Cyt C demonstrates markedly enhanced antitumor efficacy in 4T1‐bearing mice without notable side effects. Considering that these proteins are varied in molecular weight and isoelectric point, this calixarene modification strategy provides a platform technology for intracellular protein delivery and the development of protein drugs targeting intracellular pathways.
Understanding Social Comparison Dynamics on Social Media: A Qualitative Examination of Individual and Platform Characteristics
Authors: Derbaix Maud , Masciantonio Alexandra , Balbo Laurie , Lao Aurély , Camus Sandra , Tafraouti Salma Idrissi , Bourguignon David
Published: February 2025

As social media platforms continue to expand and attract more users, there is growing interest among scholars and policymakers to understand their impact on individuals. Drawing on self‐presentation and social comparison theories, this study explores the complex dynamics of social comparison within the context of social media, aiming to identify key individual and platform characteristics that influence this phenomenon. The methodology uses two waves of qualitative studies with diverse respondent profiles to understand the complexities of social comparison across various demographic groups. Study 1 consists of 39 individual semi‐structured interviews and a thematic analysis while study 2 is made of eight case studies. The findings highlight the complex interplay of factors such as gender, age, self‐esteem, media literacy, and the type of content consumed in shaping user experiences of social comparison. Additionally, an integrative framework of the antecedents and consequences of social comparison is proposed. By providing a nuanced comprehension of these mechanisms, this research contributes to theoretical advancements and managerial implications of navigating the complexities of online social dynamics.
Recent Progress in Polymer Gel‐Based Ionic Thermoelectric Devices: Materials, Methods, and Perspectives
Authors: Lee Chia‐Yu , Hong Shao‐Huan , Liu Cheng‐Liang
Published: February 2025

Polymer gel‐based ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) devices, including thermally chargeable capacitors and thermogalvanic cells, represent an innovative approach to sustainable energy harvesting by converting waste heat into electricity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in gel‐based i‐TE materials, focusing on their ionic Seebeck coefficients, the mechanisms underlying the thermodiffusion and thermogalvanic effects, and the various strategies employed to enhance their performance. Gel‐based i‐TE materials show great promise due to their flexibility, low cost, and suitability for flexible and wearable devices. However, challenges such as improving the ionic conductivity and stability of redox couples remain. Future directions include enhancing the efficiency of ionic‐electronic coupling and developing more robust electrode materials to optimize the energy conversion efficiency in real‐world applications.
Partially Degradable N‐Type Conjugated Random Copolymers for Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Chung Chia‐Hsueh , Huang Yu‐Chun , Su Shang‐Wen , Su Chun‐Jen , Jeng U‐Ser , Chen Jung‐Yao , Lin Yan‐Cheng
Published: February 2025

In this study, a series of conjugated homopolymers (P1 and P5) and random copolymers (P2–P4) by copolymerizing naphthalene diimide (NDI) as the acceptor with varying ratios of two donor units, thiophene‐imine‐thiophene (TIT) and thiophene‐vinylene‐thiophene (TVT) is developed. The inclusion of TIT imparted degradability to the random copolymers under acidic conditions, offering a sustainable solution for electronic waste management. Structural analysis revealed that TIT favored edge‐on molecular orientation, while TVT promoted face‐on and end‐to‐end orientations. The synergistic combination of TIT and TVT in copolymerization resulted in balanced structural and functional properties with partial degradability conferred using the TIT units. The random copolymer P3, with an optimal equimolar TIT/TVT ratio, demonstrates superior electrical and mechanical performance. P3 exhibits an initial charge mobility of 0.10 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and maintained mobility of 0.0017 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ under 20% strain, significantly outperforming P1 in mobility at almost strain levels. P3 also achieved a mobility retention of 31.3% under 20% strain, compared to 12.2% for P5. This study demonstrates that the copolymerization of TIT and TVT enables the fine‐tuning of solid‐state packing modes and molecular orientations, thereby improving both the stretchability and environmental sustainability of the materials.
The Governance Effect of Financial Reporting Inquiry Letters on Major Shareholder Expropriation: Evidence From Chinese Listed Companies
Authors: Sun Shimin , Zhao Jie , Jiao Meng , Wang Yongheng
Published: February 2025

Utilizing Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2015 to 2023 as samples, this article empirically tests the influence of financial reporting inquiry letters on major shareholder expropriation and its function mechanism and obtains the following four conclusions. First, financial reporting inquiry letters exert a temporary restraining effect on major shareholder expropriation, necessitating continuous issuance of letters by stock exchanges to reinforce this governance role. Second, the internal and external environment influences the governance effectiveness of financial reporting inquiry letters. The inhibitory effect of financial reporting inquiry letters on major shareholder expropriation is more pronounced for companies without relaxing short‐selling controls, with higher marketization degrees, and with weaker exit threats from non‐controlling large shareholders. Third, financial reporting inquiry letters can attract investor attention and increase litigation risk, thereby curbing major shareholder expropriation. Fourth, financial reporting inquiry letters have a deterrent effect on major shareholder expropriation in peer companies that have not gotten letters, but they cannot effectively impact companies in the same region that have not received letters. This article confirms the inhibitive influence of non‐punitive supervision on major shareholder expropriation, providing empirical evidence regarding the governance of Type II agency issues in Chinese listed companies.
National MH coalition urges Congress to protect Medicaid, reject cuts
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

As confirmation hearings got underway last week by the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions for Robert Kennedy Jr., President Trump's pick to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, the shift in health care policy is raising concern in the field. The largest mental health coalition in the country last week issued a call to action for policymakers to protect Medicaid as an important resource for mental health and substance use disorder care.
DOJ agreement with Nevada reached for children with BH needs
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2025

Children in Nevada with be‐havioral health disabilities will have access to expanded home — and community‐based services — such as wraparound facilitation, mobile crisis and stabilization services, respite care, and individual and family therapy, according to an agreement reached last month with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).
Modeling and Pricing European‐Style Continuous‐Installment Option Under the Heston Stochastic Volatility Model: A PDE Approach
Authors: Ebadi Nasrin , Azari Hosein
Published: February 2025

Installment options, as path‐dependent contingent claims, involve paying the premium discretely or continuously in installments, rather than as a lump sum at the time of purchase. In this paper, we applied the PDE approach to price European continuous‐installment option and consider Heston stochastic volatility model for the dynamics of the underlying asset. We proved the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution for our pricing problem based on the two‐dimensional finite element method. Due to the flexibility to continue or stop paying installments, installment options pricing can be modeled as an optimal stopping time problem. This problem is formulated as an equivalent free boundary problem and then as a linear complementarity problem (LCP). We wrote the resulted LCP in the form of a variational inequality and used the finite element method for the discretization. Then the resulting time‐dependent LCPs are solved by using a projected successive over relaxation iteration method. Finally, we implemented our numerical method. The numerical results verified the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed numerical method.
Optimization of sparse‐view CT reconstruction based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Lv Liangliang , Li Chang , Wei Wenjing , Sun Shuyi , Ren Xiaoxuan , Pan Xiaodong , Li Gongping
Published: February 2025

Background

Sparse‐view CT shortens scan time and reduces radiation dose but results in severe streak artifacts due to insufficient sampling data. Deep learning methods can now suppress these artifacts and improve image quality in sparse‐view CT reconstruction.

Purpose

The quality of sparse‐view CT reconstructed images can still be improved. Additionally, the interpretability of deep learning‐based optimization methods for these reconstruction images is lacking, and the role of different network layers in artifact removal requires further study. Moreover, the optimization capability of these methods for reconstruction images from various sparse views needs enhancement. This study aims to improve the network's optimization ability for sparse‐view reconstructed images, enhance interpretability, and boost generalization by establishing multiple network structures and datasets.

Methods

In this paper, we developed a sparse‐view CT reconstruction images improvement network (SRII‐Net) based on U‐Net. We added a copy pathway in the network and designed a residual image output block to boost the network's performance. Multiple networks with different connectivity structures were established using SRII‐Net to analyze the contribution of each layer to artifact removal, improving the network's interpretability. Additionally, we created multiple datasets with reconstructed images of various sampling views to train and test the proposed network, investigating how these datasets from different sampling views affect the network's generalization ability.

Results

The results show that the proposed method outperforms current networks, with significant improvements in metrics like PSNR and SSIM. Image optimization time is at the millisecond level. By comparing the performance of different network structures, we've identified the impact of various hierarchical structures. The image detail information learned by shallow layers and the high‐level abstract feature information learned by deep layers play a crucial role in optimizing sparse‐view CT reconstruction images. Training the network with multiple mixed datasets revealed that, under a certain amount of data, selecting the appropriate categories of sampling views and their corresponding samples can effectively enhance the network's optimization ability for reconstructing images with different sampling views.

Conclusions

The network in this paper effectively suppresses artifacts in reconstructed images with different sparse views, improving generalization. We have also created diverse network structures and datasets to deepen the understanding of artifact removal in deep learning networks, offering insights for noise reduction and image enhancement in other imaging methods.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the cyclophosphamide effect along with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV): An animal preclinical research
Authors: Foroughi‐Gilvaee Mohammad Reza , Jahandideh Alireza , Faranoush Mohammad , Nekouian Reza
Published: February 2025

Background

Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them. Among natural oncolytic viruses, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown selective tumor cell infection.

Materials and methods

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.

Results

Compared with the control group, the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of P21, P27, and P53 genes by 38%, 46%, and 81%, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression levels of CD34, integrin α5, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) genes significantly decreased by 47%, 45%, 42%, and 23%, respectively (p < 0.05). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV‐treated group decreased by 0.61% and 1.63% after 6 h and 12 h, respectively (p < 0.05). After 12 days, tumor volume in the NDV‐treated groups decreased by 72%−87% compared with a 48% increase in the control group, reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients. However, several other factors need to be considered. These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.
An Integrated 3D DEM Modeling Process for Bimrocks Considering Post‐Peak Behavior and Block Breakage
Authors: Li Kai , Lu Tianming , Zhu Minyi , Sun Shaorui , Wei Jihong , Huang Yu , Zheng Hu
Published: February 2025

Bimrocks, a complex rock mass commonly found in geotechnical engineering, are often analyzed through the discrete element method (DEM) to understand their mechanical behavior from both macro and micro perspectives. However, there is limited research addressing the post‐peak behavior of bimrocks, particularly in terms of the uniaxial compression stress–strain curve and failure characteristics, with many studies overlooking the complex nature of their post‐peak behavior. This study proposes a comprehensive method for constructing three‐dimensional (3D) numerical samples of bimrocks and selecting appropriate parameters, focusing on accurately capturing both the post‐peak curve shape and failure characteristics. By combining laboratory tests with CT scanning techniques, numerical samples with structures matching those of the physical samples are created, addressing the issue of block stone breakage in traditional discrete element simulations. The study introduces the selection criteria for matrix and block stone parameters and analyzes the microscopic factors influencing the post‐peak curve and failure characteristics. Results indicate that the damping coefficient and loading rate are crucial in shaping the post‐peak curve, with complex curves requiring multiple damping coefficients. Additionally, the radius multiplier influences crack propagation direction, while the strength ratio affects crack penetration and secondary cracking, with these factors being dependent on the matrix strength.
Prioritization Patterns of Nurses in the Management of a Patient With Delirium: Results of a Q‐Methodology Study
Authors: Sist Luisa , Pezzolati Matteo , Ugenti Nikita Valentina , Cedioli Silvia , Messina Rossella , Chiappinotto Stefania , Rucci Paola , Palese Alvisa
Published: February 2025

Nurses are required to decide on priorities; however, how they prioritize the interventions toward patients with delirium is still unclear. Therefore, expanding the knowledge on (a) how nurses prioritize interventions to manage episodes of delirium and (b) the underlying prioritization patterns were the aims of this study. The Q‐methodology was applied in 2021. A systematic review to identify the recommended interventions for patients with delirium was performed, and a nominal group technique was used to select those interventions that are applicable in daily practice (35 out of 96 identified). Then, using a specific scenario, 56 clinical nurses working in hospital medical (n = 31), geriatric (n = 15), and postacute (n = 10) units were asked to order the 35 interventions (from −4 the lowest to +4 the highest priority) using a Q‐sort table. Averages (confidence interval at 95%) were calculated at the group level, and a by‐person factor analysis was applied to discover underlying patterns of prioritization at the overall and at the individual levels. At the group level, “Ensuring a safe environment (e.g., reducing bed height)” was ranked as the highest priority (2.29 out of four); at the individual level, three prioritization patterns accounting for a total variance of 50.21% have emerged: “Individual needs‐oriented” (33.82% variance explained; 41 nurses); “Prevention‐oriented” (8.47%; five nurses); and “Cognitive‐oriented” (7.92%; six nurses). At the group level, nurses prioritize safety while caring for patients with delirium; however, at the individual level, they follow three different patterns of prioritization oriented toward diverse aspects, suggesting uncertainty in the actions to be taken—with potential implications for patients.
Study of Gelatin Copolymer Hydrogel Based Polyaniline and Correlation Between Structure and Reactivity of Substituted Polyaniline Based Gelatin Solution as Gamma Radiation Dosimeters
Authors: Awad Boshra , Goda Heba , El‐Kelany Moushera , Khozemy Ehab E.
Published: February 2025

Polyaniline and its derivatives based on polymer solution and hydrogels were prepared in situ to be used as colorimetric dosimeters using green nontoxic and cheap polymers as gamma radiation dosimeters. The prepared polymer hydrogel and solutions were characterized by their transparency and were highly applicable for gamma radiation dosimetry. Polymerization was carried out in two systems, based on gelatin solution, and (gelatin/acrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol) (G/PAm/PVA) hydrogel. Different dosimetric parameters, absorption spectra, response curves, sensitivity, G‐value, and relative stability were studied. The two systems showed remarkable colorimetric changes from blue to green and excellent color stability for a long period under different storage conditions of light and dark. The applicable dose range was from 0 up to 40 kGy and 0 up to 15 kGy for the solution and hydrogel system, respectively. Also, Hammett correlation between the structure of PANI and its p‐OCH3, p‐CH3, p‐OH, and p‐Cl derivatives using the time of radiation exposure instead of reaction rate was investigated through the (σ)‐log k/k0 plot. The linear plot with slope (ρ) equals to (+1.143) indicated that the sensitivity of (PANI) is enhanced by electron withdrawal substituents. The results obtained confirmed that protonation occurs, which decreases the density of the electrons on the nitrogen atom, facilitating its cleavage by radiation, and leading to fast degradation into lower molecular components.
Sustainable Bioplastics Production From Fish Waste: Their Extraction and Applications
Authors: Nazar Ajwa , Hussain Syed Makhdoom , Ali Shafaqat , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Ghafoor Abdul , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Naeem Adan , Naeem Eman , Amjad Muhammad , Rashid Eram
Published: February 2025

Fish waste is becoming increasingly popular as an alternate origin of raw materials used for the production of sustainable bioplastics, with major economic and environmental benefits in various application areas, including food packaging and medicine. The problems with fish waste and the possibility of recycling these by‐products utilizing a circular economy approach have been fully explained. The latest innovations in the production of bioplastics from fish waste are discussed in this comprehensive review. The bioplastic industry encourages eco‐friendly ways to reduce pollution, plastic waste, and the use of fossil fuels. This review article summarizes that waste recycling has led to the evaluation of innovative products by chemical or biological techniques rather than releasing these waste products into the environment. As a result, recycling waste makes it more cost‐effective, environmentally beneficial, and healthful. Also, it uses bioplastics rather than plastic, lowering the use of petroleum‐derived products.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Amoxicillin Using FeMoO2/Chitosan/CdO Nanocomposite for Sustainable Water Treatment
Authors: Arul V. , Radhakrishnan K. , Kasthuri N. , Vadivu D. Senthil , Kumar J. Vinoth , Nivetha M. Sherlin , Mythili R. , Devanesan Sandhanasamy
Published: February 2025

This work focused on the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using the recently developed FeMoO4/chitosan/CdO nanocomposite (FeMoO4/CS/CdO). The most typical antibiotic, amoxicillin, raises environmental threats due to its persistence in aquatic environments. Amoxicillin, extensively utilized as an antibiotic, has environmental concerns due to its existence in aquatic environments. The nanocomposite, comprising iron molybdate (FeMoO4), chitosan (CS), and cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles, was synthesized to couple the distinct properties of each constituent, enhancing its overall functionality. FCC‐NC was characterized by the presence of clearly defined peaks in the infrared (IR) spectra, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. We studied the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin (AXM) using the FeMoO4/CS/CdO nanocomposite. Under ideal conditions (40 mg catalyst dosage and 10 mg/L initial AXM concentration), we achieved a degradation efficiency of roughly 90.8%, following pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0222 min−1. The immobilized FeMoO2/chitosan/CdO nanocomposite was more photocatalytically active than bare FeMoO2 because it exhibited less charge carrier recombination, according to EIS and PL analysis. Hence, the FeMoO4/chitosan/CdO nanocomposite has a vast opportunity in the long‐term mechanism of eradicating pharmaceutical pollutants in water. This study shows that the obtained results may be useful in the field of environmental cleanliness and water purification technologies.
Cervical Lymph Node Invasion in Pediatric Salivary Gland Malignancies: Clinical Overview and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Richard Celine , Carton Matthieu , Hazkani Inbal , Couloigner Vincent , Sheyn Anthony , Rastatter Jeffrey , Haroun Linda , Helmig Sara , Houston Mary Beth , Helfre Sylvie , Thebault Eric , Andre Nicolas , Faure Conter Cecile , Teissier Natacha , Fresneau Brice , Orbach Daniel
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Pediatric salivary gland malignancies (SGM) present challenges in managing cervical nodes. We aimed to characterize lymph node invasion to inform decisions regarding the need of systematic wide lymph node dissection (WLND).

Methods

International retrospective study, conducted across seven large French and American pediatric centers, including pediatric patients (0–18 years) diagnosed with SGM from 2000 to 2020.

Results

Among the 82 patients (median age 13 years), the parotid gland was frequently affected (60 cases). Histotypes comprised mucoepidermoid (mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC], 43 cases), acinic cells (acinic cells carcinoma [AcCC], 22 cases), adenoid cystic (adenoid cystic carcinoma [AdCC], 8 cases), (MASC, 6 cases), and adenocarcinoma (3 cases). Primary treatments were surgery (82 cases) and radiotherapy (20 cases; median dosage 64 gray). Cervical nodes therapy included WLND (≥2 levels, 29 cases), limited nodes resection (LNR; one level, 13 cases), and/or irradiation (4 cases; median 54 gray; range 52.0–63.0). At diagnosis, six patients had cervical node invasion (CNI) managed with LNR (four cases), WLND (two cases), and radiotherapy (three cases). After a median follow‐up of 6 years (range 1–22), nine patients had tumor event: local (four cases), cervical relapse/progression (three cases) or combined (two cases). Of the nine with CNI, at diagnosis or relapse, four had MASC. Five‐year event‐free and overall survival (OS) rates were, respectively, 90.1% and 98.8%.

Conclusions

CNI is rare in pediatric SGM but noted in 11% of cases, with higher incidence in MASC. Overall, outcome in SGM is good with a tailored locoregional multidisciplinary approach. Systematic lymph node dissection should be reconsidered.

This international multi‐institutional study analyzed the clinical presentation and the cervical pattern of relapse of 82 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed salivary gland malignancies. Overall, nodal invasion was rare at diagnosis and only noted in 7%. In addition, 6% developed nodal relapse during follow‐up. Incidence of nodal spread was frequent in mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC). The overall outcome was promising with a tailored locoregional multidisciplinary approach. Systematic lymph node dissection should be reconsidered in pediatric salivary gland tumors.
A model for effective conductivity of polymer nanocomposites containing MXene nanosheets
Authors: Hadi Zahra , Yeganeh Jafar Khademzadeh , Zare Yasser , Munir Muhammad Tajammal , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo‐Jin
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a groundbreaking model to evaluate the conductivity of nanocomposites comprising MXene nanosheets. The model simulates the effective conductivity considering MXene dimensions, MXene volume fraction, interphase thickness, percolation threshold, contact distance, and tunneling resistance. The model's predictions align well with empirical conductivity results obtained various laboratory samples. The scrutiny of elements impacting effective conductivity is affirmed, given the assumption of contact resistance and the operation of the MXene/interphase network. Slender MXene nanosheets and expansive contacts lead to an elevated level of effective conductivity. Moreover, the effective conductivity shows a direct correlation with the MXene loading, while a higher percolation onset produces a poorer conductivity. Based on the model's outputs, an insulative nanocomposite is identified via the thinnest interphase ( < 1 nm), the thickest MXene (t > 4 nm), the smallest MXene volume fraction ( < 0.01), and the lowest percentage of networked nanosheets ( < 0.05). Contrariwise, the most remarkable conductivity as 25.6 S/m is attained by the thinnest MXene nanosheets (t = 1 nm). In addition, the narrowest tunnels (tunneling distance of 1 nm) yield the uppermost effective conductivity of 6.2 S/m in the system.

Highlights

This study proposes a model for conductivity of polymer MXene nanocomposites.

MXene size, interphase depth, contact distance, and tunneling resistance are considered.

The predictions agree with the experimental conductivity data of several samples.

A higher conductivity is obtained by the bigger contact area and thicker interphase.

The narrowest tunnels (1 nm) produce the uppermost effective conductivity of 6.2 S/m.
Trends in uptake of cancer screening among people with severe mental illness before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: A repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yamada Yuto , Fujiwara Masaki , Nakaya Naoki , Otsuki Koji , Shimazu Taichi , Fujimori Maiko , Hinotsu Shiro , Nagoshi Kiwamu , Uchitomi Yosuke , Inagaki Masatoshi
Published: February 2025

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate trends in cancer screening participation among people with severe mental illness (PSMI) from periods before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

In this repeated cross‐sectional study, we used anonymized datasets on municipal cancer screening participation among PSMI in Okayama City. The data covered fiscal year (FY) 2018 to FY2022; we used the municipal cancer screening database and Medical Payment for Services and Supports for Persons with Disabilities. PSMI were defined as those with schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders (F20–29) or bipolar disorder (F30 or F31), identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. The analysis included men and women aged 40–69 years for colorectal and lung cancer screening; men and women aged 50–69 years for gastric cancer screening; women aged 40–69 years for breast cancer screening; and women aged 20–69 years for cervical cancer screening. Municipal cancer screening rates among PSMI were calculated for each FY.

Results

For all cancer types, cancer screening rates for PSMI in FY2020 (colorectal: 9.0%; lung: 11.6%; gastric: 4.9%; breast: 6.2%; and cervical: 6.1%) were lower than the rates in FY2019 (11.5%, 14.0%, 6.5%, 9.3%, and 8.3%, respectively). In FY2022, the rates (9.9%, 12.9%; 5.3%; 8.0%, and 6.9%, respectively) recovered, but remained low.

Conclusion

This study showed that cancer screening rates among PSMI were very low, both before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Efforts to encourage participation in cancer screening in this population are urgently needed.