bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accounting Terms as an Indication of Expertise in Financial Presentations -Comparing Monologue with Dialogue
Authors: Jokipii Annukka , Koskela Merja
Published: November 2024

Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee laskentatoimen asiantuntijuuden näkymistä tulosjulkistustilaisuuksien esityksissä. Tätä tutkimme toisaalta selvittämällä toimitusjohtajan ja talousjohtajan välistä työnjakoa ja toisaalta erittelemällä laskentatoimen termien käyttöä. Aineisto koostuu neljän suomalaisen pörssiyhtiön tulosjulkistustilaisuuksien transkripteista eli kirjoitetuista versioista. Tilaisuudet jakautuvat monologiseen esitysosuuteen ja dialogiseen kysymys-vastaus-osuuteen. Menetelmänä on käytetty sanamäärien vertailua ja termilähtöistä tekstin käsitteellisen rakentumisen analyysiä. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että toimitusjohtajalla on monologissa dominoiva rooli, kun taas talousjohtaja täydentää asiantuntijuudellaan toimitusjohtajan sanomaa. Dialogissa talousjohtajalla on jonkin verran vahvempi mutta edelleen täydentävä rooli. Termien käsitteellinen tarkastelu osoittaa, että monologissa yleensä esiintyy yläkäsitteitä, joita dialogissa täsmennetään alakäsitteiden avulla. Joissakin yrityksissä kuitenkin esiintyy alakäsitteitä myös monologissa, mikä kertoo laskentatoimen asiantuntijuuden korostumisesta.
Hur gör skribenten sin röst hörd? En fallstudie om hur språkforskareframställer sig själva som skribenter i svenskspråkiga vetenskapliga artiklar i serien Vakki Publications 2013-2015
Authors: Kivilehto Marja , Koivisto Johanna
Published: November 2024

Artikkelin tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten kirjoittajan ääni kuuluu tieteellisessä tekstissä. Kysymme, miten kirjoittaja tekee äänensä kuuluvaksi ja vertaamme, miten kirjoittajan ääni kuuluu tieteellisen tekstin eri osissa. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenämme ovat kirjoittajaidentiteetin tutkimus ja sosiokulttuurinen näkökulma, jonka mukaan tekstien tuottaminen on sosiaalisiin käytänteisiin osallistumista ja erilaisten resurssien, esimerkiksi aikaisemmin julkaistujen tekstien, hyödyntämistä. Aineistonamme ovat vuosina 2013 2015 julkaistut ruotsinkieliset Vakki Publications -sarjan artikkelit. Menetelmänämme on lähiluku ja siihen perustuva käsitteiden operationalisointi. Tutkimuksemme mukaan kirjoittajan äänen kuulumista voidaan tarkastella eräänlaisena jatkumona. Jatkumon toisessa päässä ääni kuuluu ns. suoraan ja toisessa päässä epäsuoraan. Suoraan ääni kuuluu esimerkiksi silloin, kun kirjoittaja käyttää persoonapronomina"jag" ja epäsuoraan, kun kirjoittaja käyttää passiivia tai muita persoonattomia ilmauksia. Havaitsimme, että kirjoittajan ääni kuuluu suoraan tieteellisen tekstin eri osissa, ei ainoastaan kirjoittajan kuvatessa aineistoa ja menetelmää. Tulosten perusteella voidaan pohtia, missä määrin kirjoittajapersoonan esiintuominen ja henkilökeskeinen lähestymistapa ovat yleisiä ruotsinkielissä tutkimusartikkeleissa yleensä.
Lärarstudenters och verksamma lärares åsikter om vad som är viktigt i utbildningen till språkbadsklasslärare
Authors: Peltoniemi Annika
Published: November 2024

Työ opettajana kielikylvyssä eroaa monen muun opettajan työstä, koska suuri osa kielikylvyssä toimivista opettajista antaa opetusta oppilaiden toisella kielellä. Siksi onkin erityisen tärkeää, että nämä opettajat saavat kielikylpyopetukseen painottuvaa koulutusta. Vaasan yliopistossa on syksystä 2014 lähtien voinut kouluttautua kielikylvyn luokanopettajaksi kielikylpykoulutuksen koulutusohjelmassa. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen, mikä kielikylpykoulutuksen koulutusohjelman kahden ensimmäisen vuosikurssin opiskelijoiden (n=35) sekä työelämässä olevien kielikylvyn luokanopettajien (n=29) mielestä on tärkeintä ja hyödyllisintä opinnoissa. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu avoimista kyselyvastauksista, joita on analysoitu sisällönanalyysia hyödyntäen. Tulokset osoittavat, että opiskelijat pitävät pedagogisia opintoja tärkeimpinä, kun taas opettajien vastauksissa korostuu monikielisyyden opinnot. Sekä opiskelijat että opettajat pitävät myös (ruotsin kielen) kielitaitoja tärkeinä. Yksi merkittävä ero opiskelijoiden ja opettajien välillä on, että suuri osa opiskelijoista näkee koulutuksen kokonaisuudessaan tärkeänä, kun taas opettajat nostavat esille yksittäisiä tekijöitä.
Die Stimme J.V. Snellmans im finnischen Hochschulreformdiskurs. Eine diskursanalytische Studie
Authors: Reuter Ewald
Published: November 2024

In this study, I utilise discourse analysis to determine what ends the supporters and opponents of the current Finnish university reform try to achieve when referring to J. V. Snellman's text "On academic studies" (1940). A short contextualising exegesis reveals that two ideals central to Snellman's concept of academic education are "unity of research and teaching" and "academic freedom", which are conceived of in terms of the "self-determination" of teachers and students. Moreover, it is clear that the "relationship between university and society" constitutes a decisive difference between Snellman's and Humboldt's ideals of academic education. The discourse analysis proves that supporters of the Finnish university reform defend the reorganisation of Finnish universities along economic lines when referring to Snellman's concept of the "unity of research and teaching". Critics of the reform, on the other hand, continually point out that the elimination of Snellman's concept of "academic freedom" from the reformed universities results in a number of severe negative consequences. Overall, the results of the discourse analysis suggest that the supporters of the Finnish university reform covertly aim to substitute the utilitarian-pragmatist "Atlantic university ideal" for the humanist "continental European university ideal".
How Silent Are The Silenced? The Indigenous Characters’ Voices in J.G. Farrell’s Empire Trilogy
Authors: Wessel Katri Annika
Published: November 2024

J.G. Farrell siedelt seine Empire-Trilogie an drei Wendepunkten britischer Kolonialgeschichte in Indien, Irland und Singapur an, wobei der Fokus der Handlung auf den britischen Figuren liegt. Obwohl die indigenen Bevölkerungen seltener in den Blick rücken oder ihre Stimmen zu Gehör bringen, sind ihre Stimmen und ihr Schweigen differenzierter strukturiert, als es scheint, wie dieser Beitrag anhand der von Sternberg vorgeschlagenen Kategorien literarischer Mehrsprachigkeit zeigt: Die Darstellung der Stimme und Rede der indigenen Figuren folgt dem Grad ihrer Loyalität gegenüber der Kolonialmacht, was eine durch imperiale Machtansprüche geprägte Perspektive unterstützt, aber auch Raum bietet, diese auszuhöhlen.
Läramas språkkontakter på ett två språkigt gymnasiecampus
Authors: Hansell Katri , Pörn Michaela , Heittola Sanna
Published: November 2024

Keskustelussa kaksikielisistä kouluista ja kieliryhmien välisestä yhteistyöstä mainitaan usein samoissa tiloissa sijaitsevat suomen- ja ruotsinkieliset koulut, ns. kieliparikoulut, joiden katsotaan lisäävän kontakteja toiseen kotimaiseen kieleen. Keskustelu ja tutkimus tilojen jakamisen vaikutuksesta ovat keskittyneet lähes
yksinomaan opiskelijoihin. Aiempi tutkimus on osoittanut, että kontaktien luominen kieliryhmien välille vaatii tietoisia toimia koulujen johdolta ja henkilökunnalta. Opettajien kontakteja toiseen kieliryhmään tai toiseen kotimaiseen kieleen työpaikallaan ei ole juuri tutkittu. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme tilojen jakamisen vaikutusta opettajien kontakteihin toiseen kotimaiseen kieleen kaksikielisellä lukiokampuksella. Tarkastelemme kyselytutkimuksen avulla opettajien itseraportoituja kontakteja toiseen kotimaiseen kieleen syksyllä 2012 koulujen ensimmäisen kokonaisen yhteisen lukuvuoden alkaessa ja uudestaan syksyllä 2014. Tarkastelemme opettajien vastauksia (n=63) liittyen heidän kontakteihinsa toisen kotimaisen kielen kanssatyössä ja työpaikalla ja vertaamme tuloksia samoissa kouluissa tehtyyn vastaavaan kyselyyn opiskelijoiden parissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että opettajien kontaktit toiseen kotimaiseen kieleen lisääntyvät opiskelijoita enemmän koulujen jakaessa samat tilat ja että ruotsinkielisen koulun opettajat raportoivat enemmän kontakteja suomen kieleen kuin suomenkielisen koulun opettajat ruotsin kieleen.
Communities of Practice in Teaching Business Interaction — a Video-Based Role-Play Assignment
Authors: Holma Anne-Maria , Rajala Anni , Koskela Merja
Published: November 2024

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme käytäntöyhteisön näkökulmasta monivaiheista kurssitehtävää, jossa opiskelijat harjoittelevat liike-elämän vuorovaikutustaitoja asiakas- ja myyjäyrityksen välisessä neuvottelutilanteessa. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten käytäntöyhteisö tukee teorioiden oppimista ja viestintätaitoja. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui kurssiin liittyvistä etnografisista seurantadokumenteista ja opiskelijoiden reflektioteksteistä. Tehtävässä yhdistyivät roolipeli, opiskelijoiden tuottamat videot sekä vertaisarviointi. Tehtävänantoa testattiin kahdella maisterivaiheen opiskelijaryhmällä, jotka suunnittelivat roolipelin ja nauhoittivat sen videolle. Viestintätieteiden opiskelijat tekivät roolipelistä vertaisarvioinnin. Tehtävään sisältyi työpaja, itsenäistä työskentelyä, ja ryhmätapaamisia. Opiskelijat pitivät tehtävää hyödyllisenä teorioiden oppimisen ja niiden käytäntöön soveltamisen kannalta. Lisäksi opiskelijapalautteesta tehdyn analyysin perusteella kurssilla opittiin neuvottelutaitojen lisäksi muita työelämätaitoja kuten ajanhallintaa, projektinhallintaa, kulttuurienvälistä ymmärrystä ja vuorovaikutteista viestintää. Erityisesti yksityiskohtaisten ja selkeiden ohjeiden, pääkäsitteiden selittämisen ja vertaisarvioinnin käytänteiden tärkeys korostui Kannustamme opettajia soveltamaan käytäntöyhteisöjen hyödyntämiseen perustuvia tehtäviä kursseilla, joihin sisältyy liike-elämän vuorovaikutustaitojen opettamista. Tällaisten tehtävien avulla voidaan opettaa tehokkaasti teorioita ja työelämäntaitoja, ja saadaan vaihtelua luentoihin ja kirjallisiin tehtäviin.
Selflessness in Wage Work: A Possibility or an Oxymoron?
Authors: Lehtonen Tommi
Published: November 2024

Even though a mismatch between selflessness and the logic of wage work exists, selflessness can play an important role also in wage work. In order to give grounds for this judgment, a clear understanding of concepts like altruism and desirelessness is needed. This paper expounds upon these concepts by means of philosophical literature, the discussion on the prisoner’s dilemma and the Bhagavadgīta, a classical Hindu text. On one hand, the basic rules of working life, such as a result orientation and the protection of one’s own livelihood, often work against selflessness. On the other hand, maximising the common good and benefit of organisation speaks in favour of selflessness, which is argued for by the prisoner’s dilemma and the ideal of desirelessness in the Bhagavadgīta. This paper concludes that selflessness is a situational virtue whose primary task in wage work is to advance the common good.
Laajennetun todellisuuden tarjoumat tekniselle viestinnälle – kohti teoreettista mallia
Authors: Rantakokko Satu , Nuopponen Anita
Published: November 2024

This article is part of a research project that explores the use of eXtended Reality (XR) technology and applications to convey technical guidance instead of traditional printed manuals. In the article we present the first stage of forming a theoretical model to explore the phenomenon. The model is based on the concept of affordance and the various points of views of it form four levels of the model: level of rules, level of designed affordances, level of potential affordances and level of affordances as completed actions. These levels will be utilized to scrutinize the affordances extended reality applications offer for technical instructions. The first affordances reported for in this article are those of availability, findability, understandability and reliability of technical instructions based on an analysis of a set of guides and standards for technical instructions.
Action for Transparency-Creation – Process Types and Participant Roles in IR Policies of Danish, Finnish and Italian Companies
Authors: Enell-Nilsson Mona , Koskela Merja
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we study Investor Relations policies of Danish, Finnish, and Italian listed companies. In these publicly available policy texts, companies outline how they intend to communicate with their stakeholders in order to achieve their goals. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the roles given to the companies and their stakeholders in the policies. The focus is on process types (finite verbs) and participant roles. The results of the study show that in the policy texts, transparency-creation is described as a material activity in which the company is the main actor and stakeholders remain in passive roles. However, there are some differences between the data sets: the company is mostly referred to by the company name, but also by we (in the Danish data), and by group (in the Italian data). Our conclusion is that transparency seems to be about doing and saying, indicating that in their policies, at least, the companies seem to take the requirements of openness seriously.
Att kommunicera språkmedvetenhet utifrån en europeisk utbildningspolicy till blivande klasslärare
Authors: Bergroth Mari
Published: November 2024

Educational policy is created in cooperation between policy actors both within and outside Finland. The concept policy includes both the documents where decisions are stated and the beliefs and practices that occur when these decisions are transformed to social actions in practice. However, there is not always any
clear linear path from policymakers to those who are targeted with the policy, and the policy needs to be communicated to the wider audiences. In this study, I will examine the policy concept of language awareness. The analysis is conducted as nexus analysis (Scollon & Scollon 2004). In nexus analysis the focus lays on the microlevel as social actions are examined. The analysis itself involves navigating between the various discourses in place, historical body of the participants and the surrounding interaction order. Navigating these aspects help to gain a deeper understanding of the social action at hands. The social action in focus for this study is how to write a weekly letter to the families in basic education. This is a task that should be taught with the linguistic and cultural diversity in mind according to student teachers at Åbo Akademi university. The analysis shows that there is a clear policy intention supporting the student request both on the national and on the European level. The problem seems to lay in the responsibility and ability for communicating the policy through teacher education. The results call for examining the intended meaning of the concept language awareness as a policy construct as well as analysing, which social actions within the limited timeframes of research-based teacher education can support the uptake of the concept.
Markkinointiesite suostuttelun välineenä kansainvälisissä yrityskaupoissa
Authors: Mäntyoja Marianne
Published: November 2024

This article examines how shareholders opinions and actions are influenced in takeover bids through convincing and persuasive rhetoric. The focus of this article is on arguments and other rhetorical features used to make the takeover bid acceptable or even desirable. The material of the study consists of marketing brochures published in friendly takeover bids in which shareholders of eight companies listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange received an offer to sell their shares. The offers were made between end of 2018 and early 2021 by a foreign bidder. This study sheds light on the highly controversial and complex phenomenon of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in Finland from a communication perspective. In this article, rhetorical features are analyzed in their context, i.e., how investor relations restrict and enable language use. The findings of the research show how positive image of M&A is constructed through argumentation, but also distinct persuasive characteristics shareholders should be aware of to make rational decisions on whether to accept or reject the offer.
Suomenruotsalaiset viittomakieliset selkokielen kohderyhmänä
Authors: Siltaloppi Satu , Lindholm Camilla
Published: November 2024

This article concerns a simplified form of Finland-Swedish Sign Language that the community uses when a person needs an easier version of signing. Based on interviews with sign language interpreters, this article describes the possible reasons behind this need for simplification and what the common changes in the signing are when it is simplified. This article states that both the reasons and the ways of simplifying are similar to what has been described in studies on other signed languages: for example, the signing becomes slower and more visual, and the sentences should be kept short. The reasons for using Easy Sign Language are similar to the reasons for using Easy Language for hearing people: there is a physiological, psychological, neurological, or neuropsychiatric reason – either short-term or permanent – why the person requires more time to process the message. The interviewed interpreters give some concrete examples of how to recognize the need for Easy Sign Language and tactics for signing in a simplified, easier manner.
Vastuullisuusarvot suomalaisten tekstiiliyritysten tarinoissa
Authors: Virsu Ville , Sjöblom Paula , Mäkelä Marileena , Onkila Tiina
Published: November 2024

Textile industry causes significant negative environmental and social impacts. Sustainability in the industry has lately yielded more and more research interest, however, sustainability communication is underresearched area. In this paper, we will focus on sustainability communications in the Finnish textile industry through the stories of companies in their webpages. Storytelling has traditionally been a mode of transmitting, producing and reproducing the culture. Stories produce a structure in the reality, explain phenomena and concretize abstract concepts. In this research, we approach the stories as rhetorical devises, which address, attract and connect the reader to the company behind the story. We analysed 172 companies’ webpages by focusing on the common themes addressing sustainability. Our analysis revealed six themes: durability, opposing fast-fashion, conscious consuming, transparent processes, Finnish and local production, and (Finnish) nature. Corporate sustainability stories use various rhetorical means to convey the image of sustainability. The story structures include ideas of change, solving problems and building a better world. However, it is vital to remember that sustainability communications also define what sustainability is. Corporate sustainability stories invite the reader to accept the corporate view on sustainability.
Med nyhetsmediekritik som utgångspunkt för kommunikation: diskutanters kommentarer till ett Facebook-inlägg från SVT Nyheter om elhushållning
Authors: Björkquist Vincent
Published: November 2024

On digital platforms, users can express public opinions in relation to the content of major organizations, e.g. public service broadcasters. Although media criticism has been a subject of scholarly interest, research has not primarily regarded communicative aspects of media criticism, despite such criticism potentially changing the premises for e.g. social media news reporting as a discursive practice. Building on a concept of communicative acts, this study investigates news media criticism in comments on a Facebook news post by Swedish public service broadcaster SVT on electricity housekeeping. Eleven news media critical arguments were identified according to two research questions – 1) what is the object of the criticism; 2) what is the communicative purpose of it? – resulting in seven groups of arguments. Focusing on both single instances of argument groups and combinations of groups within individual comments, the study emphasizes the communicative dynamics of news media criticism in altering between objects and purposes. Even though the result is heterogenous, some tendencies arise. Unlike constructive criticism, meant to change news reporting by media’s own standards, a majority of the most common argument groups consist of those who express strategic criticism, seemingly aiming to change media perceptions among a general news audience. Since this criticism regularly also addresses politics, the study further stresses the possibility of viewing media criticism as extended into e.g. political criticism.
Samarbetet mellan TNC och RTT 1938–1998: Terminologiarbete som resurs för meningsfull kommunikation
Authors: Landqvist Hans , Nissilä Niina , Pilke Nina , Sjöberg Sannina
Published: November 2024

This article describes and analyses the contacts between the Swedish and Norwegian national terminology organisations between the 1940s and the 1990s. The Swedish Tekniska nomenklaturcentralen TNC (1941–2018; 2000–2018 Terminologicentrum TNC) was Sweden’s national center for special languages and terminology work for more than 75 years. Since its founding in 1941, the TNC was active not only in Sweden, but also in establishing and maintaining international contacts. The Norwegian Rådet for teknisk terminologi RTT was founded in 1938 and closed down in 2001. The research material used is the collection of correspondence in the TNC’s document archive, in particular the section stored with the code “Unor”, i.e., letters (N=374) documenting written communication between the TNC and the RTT. The article describes the topics covered in the communication, the individuals involved, the objectives and consequences of the communication and the results achieved. In a quantitative analysis, the themes of the letters are categorised in four main categories: publications, communication, information, and language issues. In a qualitative analysis, a specific terminological issue in the field of welding technology is analysed by close reading and content analysis. Finally, further studies, which complete the picture of
terminological cooperation on institutional level in the Nordic countries, are proposed.
Wie zeigt sich Agency in technologievermittelten deutsch-finnischen Geschäftsverhandlungen? Bildungsexport im Nexus der Praxis
Authors: Leskelä Maarit
Published: November 2024

Engaging in educational export negotiations online in English with German-speaking teaching professionals requires new kinds of competence compared to traditional business negotiations. In this study, the focus is on participants’ agency in business negotiations between teachers in Germany and Austria and Finnish service providers. The research strategy is nexus analysis, and the research materials include interviews, as well as observations and video footage from authentic business negotiations. The analysis
focuses on circulating discourses, participants’ positioning and the motives they provide for their perspectives on the digitalisation of school. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening participants’ agency and professional identity as well as providing opportunities for meaning making with their workplace community.
It’s Time to See the Forest for the Trees – Rhetorical Argumentation about Forest Use on Twitter
Authors: Porttikivi Merja , Laihonen Maarit
Published: November 2024

Twitter used to be a hotbed of topical societal debates. In this paper, we analyze discussions about Finnish forest use and conservation on Twitter during a five-month period in 2020–2021. By looking at the factual contents and the ways claims are justified, we ask how tweeters construct their arguments. The materials were analyzed by paying attention to background categories, content topic and style, and any additional information brought up by participants. Our findings show that a polarization between economic and ecological worldviews can be seen in Twitter debates, and that the participants use various methods to justify their stances. As a result, we also identified ways in which ordinary people take part in this debate by commenting, reframing, retweeting and sending their own photos as evidence.
TAX ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM AND PAYERS’ COMPLIANCE IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: UDOINYANG MONDAY SUNDAY , OGBADA EYONG IKWA
Published: November 2024

The research examined the relationship between tax administration and tax payers' compliance in Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, it examined the relationship between tax administration (Electronic and tax audit) and tax-payers voluntary compliance, quasi tax-payers compliance and coercive tax-payers compliance in Cross River State. To achieve these objectives, the descriptive research design was used and data was collected from 287 respondents (tax payers) through the administration of a structured questionnaire. The data was presented using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, analyzing it with linear regression. The results revealed that electronic tax administration and tax audit have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance, quasi voluntary tax compliance and coercive tax compliance in Cross River State. Hence, the research concluded that tax administration has a significant relationship with tax payers' compliance. The research therefore recommended that Tax authorities should ensure that electronic means of' tax administration like Tax Identification Number is effectively enforced amongst others.
El culto a los ancestros continúa a través del tiempo: ofrendas de Capacocha de la época Inka en Cajamarquilla
Authors: Van Dalen Luna Pieter D. , Mazzi Pflucker Luiggi , Sánchez Canales Martín
Published: November 2024

Son muy pocas las evidencias arqueológicas halladas en la Costa Central Peruana que presentan una larga secuencia cultural en un mismo sector o sitio arqueológico, como es el caso de las evidencias que presentamos. Cajamarquillo es uno de los sitios arqueológicos más emblemáticos de la costa peruana. En el sector Kroeber más identificado toda una secuencia cultural que corresponde al contexto funerario del Horizonte Medio con preocupaciones del periodo intermedio tardío y ofrendas relacionadas con el culto a los ancestros que datan de la época inca. Se trata de paquetes o envoltorios elaborados con materiales de gran importancia económica.
Las antaras en la sociedad Chancay del periodo del intermedio tardío
Authors: Sánchez Huaringa Carlos
Published: November 2024

La música en las sociedades andinas prehispánicas está basada principalmente en los artefactos sonoros (instrumentos musicales) de la orden de los aerófonos, muy en especial de las flautas de Pan. La diversidad y cantidad de estos instrumentos, junto a las flautas verticales y a los instrumentos de percusión (membranófonos e idiófonos) nos relatan el espectro sonoro de la época y que en muchos lugares perduran hasta la actualidad (en el altiplano, por ejemplo). En aquellos tiempos, en todas las sociedades de la costa, resonaban las zampoñas en todas las esferas y momentos de vida, así nos lo narran las evidencias arqueológicas que daremos cuenta, aunque lamentablemente tanta riqueza musical fue cruelmente terminada con la presencia occidental.
Wypowiedzenie umowy na czas nieoznaczony z konsumentem w świetle stanowiska Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów w sprawie Amazon
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Kalinowski Michał
Published: November 2024

W niniejszym artykule omówiono problematykę dopuszczalności wypowiadania umów zawartych przez przedsiębiorców z konsumentami na czas nieoznaczony. W ramach artykułu przedstawiono dotychczasową linię decyzyjną Prezesa UOKiK oraz sądów w Polsce dotyczącą tzw. ważnych powodów będących podstawą takiego wypowiedzenia umowy zarówno z perspektywy klauzul wypowiedzenia, jak i klauzul modyfikacyjnych. Tę dotychczasową praktykę zestawiono z najnowszym stanowiskiem Prezesa UOKiK w sprawie Amazon i zmianami warunków świadczenia usług wprowadzonymi przez Amazon na skutek postępowania Prezesa UOKiK, które należy ocenić jako stanowiące odejście do dotychczasowej praktyki decyzyjnej w tym zakresie.
Próby zdefiniowania pojęcia dark patterns w doktrynie i aktywności organów państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Kazimierski Damian
Published: November 2024

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie różnego sposobu definiowania pojęcia dark patterns w doktrynie oraz orzecznictwie organów działających na terytorium Unii Europejskiej, szczególnie z polskiej perspektywy. Publikacja porusza kwestię głównych elementów pojęcia, a także wskazuje przesłanki, co do których nie istnieje konsensus w środowisku naukowym i w decyzjach organów. Należą do nich przede wszystkim wymóg umyślności stosowania socjotechnik w celu skłonienia użytkownika strony internetowej lub aplikacji do podjęcia oczekiwanej decyzji, a także przesłanka wystąpienia szkody (potencjalnej lub realnej) po stronie gorzej poinformowanej.
Odrzucenie oferty w oparciu o art. 393 ustawy – Prawo zamówień publicznych – uwagi de lege lata i de lege ferenda
Authors:   Kancelaria Affre i Wspólnicy sp.k., Affre Joanna , Restel Mateusz ,   Kancelaria Affre i Wspólnicy sp.k.
Published: November 2024

Artykuł analizuje sposób implementowania przez Polskę art. 85 dyrektywy 2014/25/UE oraz określa konsekwencje wynikające z rozbieżności pomiędzy brzmieniem polskiego i unijnego przepisu. Autorzy wskazują przesłanki pozwalające zamawiającym na skorzystanie z uprawnienia do odrzucenia oferty ze względu na pochodzenie produktów nią objętych oraz przedstawiają interpretację każdej z tych przesłanek. Artykuł stanowi odpowiedź na problemy związane ze stosowaniem art. 393 ust. 1 pkt 4 ustawy – Prawo zamówień publicznych. Autorzy postulują nowelizację tego przepisu poprzez wprowadzenie obowiązku zamieszczenia uprawnienia do odrzucenia oferty ze względu na pochodzenie produktów objętych ofertą z państw trzecich, które nie gwarantują równego dostępu do krajowego rynku zamówień publicznych unijnym przedsiębiorcom oraz przedstawiają argumentację prawną i polityczną za taką zmianą.
Infrared-modulated photoluminescence spectroscopy: from wide-band coverage to micro-area and high-throughput scanning imaging
Authors: Shao Jun  , Chen Xi-Ren  , Wang Man  , Lu Wei  ,   1 National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinses Academy of Sciences, 200083 Shanghai, China;,   2 Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, China;,   3 National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200083 Shanghai, China;,   4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
Published: November 2024

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been widely used in the ultraviolet-near-infrared spectral range for over seventy years since the very early report in 1950’s, because it not only reveals the electronic structure information of, e.g., band gap and impurity energy levels of semiconductor materials, but also serves as an efficient tool for analyzing interfacial structures, carrier lifetime, and quantum efficiency. In the infrared band beyond about 4 μm, however, the study of PL spectroscopy had been limited for decades long due to strong thermal background interference, weak PL signal and low detection ability. In this review, a conventional PL method is introduced based on a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and a continuous-scan FTIR spectrometer-based double-modulation PL (csFTIR-DMPL) method is briefly described that was proposed in 1989 for breaking through the dilemma of the infrared band, and developed continuously in the later more than 20 years, with its limitations emphasized. Then, a step-scan FTIR spectrometer-based infrared modulated PL (ssFTIR-MPL) method reported in 2006 is analyzed with highlights on its advantages of anti-interference, sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, followed by enumerating its effectiveness demonstration and application progress in many research groups worldwide. Further developments in recent years are then summarized of wide-band, high-throughput scanning imaging and spatial micro-resolution infrared modulated PL spectroscopic experimental systems, and the technological progresses are demonstrated of infrared-modulated PL spectroscopy from 0.56-20 μm visible-far-infrared broadband coverage to > 1k high-throughput spectra imaging and ≤2-3 μm spatial micro-resolution. Typical achievements of collaborative research are enumerated in the visible-far-infrared semiconductor materials of dilute nitrogen/dilute bismuth quantum wells, HgCdTe epitaxial films, and InAs/GaSb superlattices. The results presented demonstrate the advancement of infrared modulated PL spectroscopy and the effectiveness of the experimental systems, and foresee further application and development in the future.
Assessing Computational Literacy in First Language (L1) Teaching
Authors: Hachmann Roland , Slot Marie Falkesgaard
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the multifaceted challenges of assessing computational literacy (CL) within the context of first language (L1) teaching. The article commences by examining the theoretical foundations and the need for an expanded understanding of CL, moving beyond the popular notion of computational thinking (CT). We then present an example from a 5th-grade classroom in a Danish middle school to illustrate how pupils integrate computational skills into their writing practices through a design-based intervention. Subsequent to this example, we propose a cross-disciplinary framework designed to assess CL in L1 settings, focusing on four principles that bridge traditional language arts with computational approaches. Finally, we reflect on how the application of these principles can help formulate new learning goals that better align with the emerging demands of 21st-century education. Throughout the article, we argue that a CL approach provides a more socially rooted and context-sensitive method for integrating computational methods into non-computer science subjects, offering theoretical clarity and practical benefits for both educators and researchers alike. The article commences with a discussion of the CL approach related to assessment.
EAD: effortless anomalies detection, a deep learning based approach for detecting outliers in English textual data
Authors: Wang Xiuzhe
Published: November 2024

Anomalies are the existential abnormalities in data, the identification of which is known as anomaly detection. The absence of timely detection of anomalies may affect the key processes of decision-making, fraud detection, and automated classification. Most of the existing models of anomaly detection utilize the traditional way of tokenizing and are computationally costlier, mainly if the outliers are to be extracted from a large script. This research work intends to propose an unsupervised, all-MiniLM-L6-v2-based system for the detection of outliers. The method makes use of centroid embeddings to extract outliers in high-variety, large-volume data. To avoid mistakenly treating novelty as an outlier, the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) based approach is followed to count the novelty of the input script. The proposed method is implemented in a Python project, App. for Anomalies Detection (AAD). The system is evaluated by two non-related datasets-the 20 newsgroups text dataset and the SMS spam collection dataset. The robust accuracy (94%) and F1 score (0.95) revealed that the proposed method could effectively trace anomalies in a comparatively large script. The process is applicable in extracting meanings from textual data, particularly in the domains of human resource management and security.
The strategic value of recessions : how firms can develop competitive advantages after negative shocks
Authors:   , Gamé Consuelo
Published: November 2024

En este estudio examinamos los mecanismos que permiten a las empresas transformar las perturbaciones negativas transitorias que genera una recesión en ventajas competitivas de largo plazo. Proponemos que un desempeño superior, durante y después de las recesiones requiere, no solo administrar los recursos internos (el énfasis de la literatura recibida) sino también capturar oportunidades de creación de valor en los mercados de factores externos. En cuanto a la gestión interna, afirmamos que el apalancamiento operativo y financiero son antecedentes fundamentales y esencialmente implican la gestión de equilibrios entre flexibilidad y compromiso. En cuanto al canal externo, proponemos que las recesiones amplían las oportunidades para construir nuevas ventajas en los mercados de factores a través de una mayor actividad de M&A por parte de empresas con suficientes recursos financieros (internos). Nuestra teoría está respaldada por un análisis empírico de 29.575 observaciones de años firmes en varias industrias de EE. UU. Entre 1982 y 2015, que abarcan tres recesiones importantes.
Topical Sirolimus for Facial Angiofibroma in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Series
Authors: ETE Gampi , Ramteke Manjeet , Kamath Ratnakar R , Fogla Neha , Chavhan Aarti V
Published: November 2024

Facial angiofibromas (FAs) are a distressing manifestation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), often leading to significant physical and psychological burdens. Traditional treatment modalities have limitations, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. In the present case series, topical sirolimus, a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, was used to manage FAs associated with TSC. Four cases (1 male and 3 female) of FAs in patients with TSC were treated with 0.1% sirolimus ointment applied once daily. The Facial Angiofibroma Severity Index (FASI) was utilised to assess FA severity at baseline and during follow-up visits, which spanned 3 to 12 months. Patient satisfaction and tolerability were also evaluated. Results demonstrated a consistent reduction in FASI scores across all patients, indicating improved FA severity. Patient satisfaction varied, with higher contentment observed in cases where treatment was initiated at a younger age. Importantly, no significant adverse effects were noted, affirming the safety profile of topical sirolimus. These findings underscore the potential of topical sirolimus as a promising therapeutic avenue for FAs in TSC, offering a cost-effective and well-tolerated alternative to conventional treatments. Further research is warranted to elucidate optimal dosing strategies and long-term outcomes, but current evidence supports its consideration as a viable option in the management of FAs associated with TSC.
A Comparative Analysis of Environmental and Social Practices in the Sugar Industries of Brazil and Southern Maharashtra, India
Authors: Desai Y. P. , Bongarde D. M. , Khandekar S. P. , Patil P. D.
Published: November 2024

This paper reviews the worldwide sugar business, focusing on South Maharashtra in India and Brazil. The study employs a systematic approach to evaluate the environmental sustainability, as well as the social and economic impact of sugar production in these regions. Businesses are reassessing their tactics as people become more aware of social fairness and climate change, making the sugar industry an ideal subject for research due to its important environmental and social ramifications. While Brazil's sugar market has grown dramatically due to advances in farming methods and technologies, Southern Maharashtra continues to rely significantly on traditional agricultural practices, particularly sugar cultivation. The intent is to shed light on the contrasts between these industries by analyzing their environmental assessment methodologies, social responsibility efforts, and sustainable business practices. Furthermore, it attempts to add useful insights to the continuing discourse about promoting sustainable practices in the global sugar industry. The sugar industry has a lot of potential for growth due to its byproducts such as ethanol, biogas, and different agro-based products which further bolster the environmental sustainability potential.
An Assessment Study on Consumer Knowledge and Purchasing Behavior Regarding Food Safety
Authors: ULUDAG Sengul , BAHSI Nermin
Published: November 2024

Economic and technological developments affect consumers’ purchasing behaviors along with their lifestyles. Understanding consumer characteristics and purchasing behaviors is of great importance for companies in determining target markets and preparing marketing programs. The aim of this study is to determine consumers’ level of knowledge about food safety and their purchasing behavior regarding food products. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 400 consumers selected using the Simple Random Probability Sampling method. About 76% of the consumers participating in the study have heard of the concept of food safety. It was found that consumers primarily consider health safety, the expiry date, and the cleanliness of the place of purchase when buying food products. They prefer the products they consume to be fresh and mostly shop at supermarkets and hypermarkets. It was also determined that 53.8% of consumers pay partial attention to human health conditions in the places where food is produced, and 69% are willing to pay more for packaged foods. The level of food safety knowledge among consumers will provide important feedback for food producers and policymakers, guiding the creation of more effective and safer food systems that address consumer needs.
Analyzing Food Security Status in the Artisanal Gold Mining Communities of Ikolomani, Kakamega, Kenya
Authors: Amayi Catherine Mosi , Wangai Peter W. , Ochola Samuel O.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this paper is to critically analyze the food security apparatus within the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) communities of Ikolomani in Kakamega County, Kenya. ASGM regions are often characterized by economies of speculation, land dispossession, ecosystem degradation, poverty, shifting culture, and dynamic local populations trying to make a living under these precarious conditions, which impact food security. In 2023, we investigated the status of food security in the gold mining communities of Ikolomani. Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey, 60 artisanal gold miners and 50 food vendors were interviewed. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews which were administered in the form of questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), participatory transect walks, and expert informants on food systems in the area. The data was classified along the five dimensions of food security namely; food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, food stability, and food sovereignty. The data was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 where means, frequencies, and standard deviation were used to summarize results. Consequently, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square statistics were used to test the relationship between the variables, and then inferential statistics such as correlation analysis was used to indicate the strength and direction of the variables. The study established a positive correlation between ASGM and food security. The regression coefficients predicted that a unit increase in ASGM would increase food insecurity by 0.387. The study therefore concluded that ASGM is a key driver of food insecurity in Ikolomani’s ASGM communities. Consequently, the study recommended a policy-regulated framework where the community can reap the economic benefits of mining with minimal impacts on food security.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Biological Aspects of Childhood HIV in Libreville
Authors: T L Midili , C Eyi Zang , A M Lembet Mikolo , A E P Mekame Méyé , E J Mintsa Mi Nkama , J Mayombo Moutsatsa , R Koumba Maniaga , F C Loembe , G L Kiba , A Mabery Grondet , A Manga Koumba , E Kuissi Kaimgang , S Ategbo
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a chronic viral infection characterized by the progressive destruction of CD4 T lymphocytes. Its prevalence in Gabon is estimated 4.1% with approximately 2,500 affected children. This pathology remains a real public health problem on a global scale. The objective of our work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of HIV-positive children in Libreville.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study which involved patients followed in the four major pediatric care centers in Libreville from January 2015 to December 2022. We included all complete medical records of children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years with positive HIV serology or PCR.
Results: The mean age was 10.6 ± 5.1 years. The 10-14 year old group represented 32.3%. The sex ratio was 1.13 male to female. In our study 46.9% were orphans and they were more affected by academic delay (51.9% versus 45.7%). The clinical signs were dominated by fever (40.6%). The main opportunistic infection found was digestive (7.3%) and tuberculosis represented the first co-infection (13.2%). We had 5.2% of patients with acute malnutrition.
Conclusion: HIV-AIDS in children remains a public health problem given its socio-economic impact on the population. The cost of follow-up assessments and hospitalizations are among the problems that slow down the regular follow-up of our patients.
Optimizing Wheat Growth and Yield: The Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen and Silicon Levels
Authors: Hossain Md Maruf , Rana Md. Sohel , Nasim Md Roconuzzaman , Rahaman Sadia , Jote Jannatul Ferdouse , Shahrin Kazi Rifat , Begum Mahfuza , Hasan Ahmed Khairul
Published: November 2024

Enhancing wheat production is essential to meet global food security needs, especially in sustainable agriculture. Among nutrient management practices, Nitrogen (N) and Silicon (Si) are known to improve growth and stress resilience in crops. However, while the individual effects of N and Si on crop performance are well-documented, limited research has explored their combined influence on wheat growth and yield. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the synergistic effects of N and Si fertilizer levels on wheat agronomic performance. A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from November 2022 to March 2023. The experiment utilized wheat variety BWMRI 3 in a two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments consisted of four N levels (0, 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha-1) and four Si levels (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg Si ha-1). Statistical analyses using R programming revealed that the combination of 120 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg Si ha-1 (N2:S2) resulted in the highest growth and yield performance, including a 48.32% increase in tiller number, 33.63% improvement in effective spikelets, 12.97% increase in 1000-grain weight, 34.54% rise in grain yield, and a 15.88% increase in biological yield compared to the control (without N and Si). The findings indicate that the combined application of 120 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg Si ha-1 significantly enhanced wheat growth and yield, suggesting that integrating these nutrient management practices is an effective strategy for optimizing wheat production, ultimately contributing to both higher yields and sustainable agriculture.