bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of candidate vaccines to prevent covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Yadav Radha , Chopra Lalita
Published: October 2021

Covid-19 which is a SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) has caused the new overall pandemic moreover is an arising virus profoundly contagious namely coronavirus. The unavailability of a particular antiviral treatment had led to the utmost destruction of life because of this virus. During this time, impressive efforts were placed into creating safe medications and immunizations against SARS-CoV-2. Just 56 vaccines made it at the different clinical stages from more than 80 clinical trials which had started including 23 antibody candidates got looked at moreover had affirmed for the use. Various types of variables are utilized for the production of such vaccines to start the immune reaction to produce antibodies in a person for killing the virus. The countries which are top of the race for producing vaccines are Russia, India, U.S.A., China as well U.K. Among the vaccines produced by these countries are Covaxin (India), Sputnik V (Russia), CoronaVac (China), AZD1222 (United Kingdom), BNT162b2 (Germany), and mRNA-1273(United States of America). We bring forth the certain potential factors that are required when creating vaccines as well as a comparative analysis of data obtained from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trials for different vaccines as well as environmental impacts of its preparation.
Corrosion resistance studies on the concrete made with basalt fibres and basalt fibre reinforced rebars
Authors: Goud E Giri Prasad , Kannimuthu Marimuthu , Reddy V Srinivasa , Saikrishna V
Published: October 2021

In the present work, assessment of corrosion resistance for M30 grade concrete made with basalt fibres in terms of Resistivity, Potentials and Chloride ion diffusion is made to understand the corrosion resistance studies of concrete specimen made with basalt fibre and BFRP bars. The time of total charge passing till full crack failure for different effective covers considered is more for M30 grade concrete beams made with basalt fibres and BFRP rebars. The time of total charge passing at failure in M30 grade concrete beams made with basalt fibres and BFRP rebars is more because beam specimens did not develop any fissures or micro cracks. Measured electrical resistivity values of M30 grade concrete beams made with basalt fibres have shown high electrical resistance indicating their superior corrosion inhibition ability. M30 grade concrete beams made with basalt fibres and BFRP rebars used for the study exhibited very less probability (less than 5% probability) for corrosion at 28 days.
Speed control of robust position sensor less PMBLDC motor by Fuzzy controller
Authors: Sattu Shravani , Awaar Vinay Kumar , Jugge Praveen
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work is to present a novel mechanical sensor-less control approach for permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors based on speed independent H functions. The starting of the motor and driving it from a low speed to the rated speed are two significant problems in sensor-less operation of PMBLDC motor drives. The commutation moment is determined using a speed-independent H function. Since the commutation instant is speed independent, it may be anticipated even at low speeds. The H function is entirely dependent online voltages, which simplifies and reduces the cost of the whole system. The suggested approach eliminates the need for analogue filtering and phase correction. Digital low pass filters and digital phase compensators are used to remove commutation ripple from line voltages. This results in a system that is small, simple to use, and cost effective. This economical option is ideal for low-cost equipment such as fans, air conditioners, refrigerators, and vacuum cleaners. The suggested method is implemented using a fuzzy controller to demonstrate the proposed sensor-less technique’s efficacy for wide speed variations.
Reliability Analysis with Renewable DGs for Loss Reduction in Radial Distributed Generation
Authors: Kavyasree R. , Sridevi J. , Usha Rani V.
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, in the Evolving Power System, reliability testing plays an important role in the design and implementation of distribution systems that operate in a cost-effective manner with minimal customer load disruption. The distributed generation (DG) will play a major role in emerging Power systems as they use a variety of resources and technologies to harness energy in Power systems by reducing Power losses while maintaining the Voltage profile in the system within the limits set. In this paper, two case studies with one DG and two DGs were analysed. The results obtained showed that the DG Number with the plan will increase the reliability of the joint system. The proven system is verified before the IEEE 6-Bus Radial Distributed System to reflect exposure and impact on ETAP software.
Chemistry behind Serum Albumin: A Review
Authors: Kajal  , Pathania Anu Radha
Published: October 2021

This review informs about the chemical composition of plasma proteins majorly albumin and globulin. Blood proteins, also called plasma proteins, are found in blood plasma. While, serum proteins are present in the human body in very high quantities for other proteins. Hundreds of proteins are dissolved in the plasma but only two major protein groups are present i.e. Albumin and Globulin. Albumin is a very important component (55% of blood proteins) and it is made by the liver. There is an immediate correlation between albumin turnover and body size. Globulin is formed from different proteins called alpha, beta, and gamma types (38% of blood proteins) but a number of the globulins are mainly made by the liver, while others are made by the immune system. The average serum protein level existing in the human body is 6 to 8g/dl but 3.5 to 5.0g/dl is making up only albumin and globulin makes up 2/3gl. Different aspects of the proteins are discussed below.
Machining response of Ti64 alloy under Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NFMQL)
Authors: Sahoo Sarthak Prasad , Datta Saurav
Published: October 2021

Rapid wear progression of cutting insert associated with attainment of excessive tool-tip temperature are indispensable causes which limit operational domain of cutting velocity during dry turning of Ti64 alloy. Again, to counteract demerits of flood cooling, jet of air-oil mist (MQL technology) is employed in which water-based coolants or vegetable oils are highly preferable. On the other hand, inclusion of nano-additives within base fluid, and supply the same through MQL system (NFMQL) is also a trendy area of research. Application potential of NFMQL is understood over conventional MQL in terms of better cooling, and lubrication effects due to improved thermo-physical, and tribological properties of the resultant cutting fluid. In this context, present study aims to assess performance of MQL jet containing biodegradable Jatropha oil (carried by pressurized air) when applied during longitudinal turning of Ti64 work alloy. In addition, advantages of 2D layered-structured graphene nanoplatelets (when dispersed into Jatropha oil), in purview of machining performance on difficult-to-cut Ti64 alloy under NFMQL, are studied in this work. Experimental data are compared on the basis of different lubrication conditions (dry, conventional MQL, and NFMQL). Morphology of tool wear is studied in detail. The work extends towards studying chip morphology and machined surface finish of the end product, as influenced by variation in lubrication conditions.
Polypropylene as an innovative substitute for jar material of horizontal axis, multi-jar ball milling machine to grind electrode materials for energy storage devices
Authors: Shinde Sourabh , Momin Taukir , Karkaria Vispi , Karandikar Parshuram
Published: October 2021

It is approximated that there will be a considerable amount of increase in worlds energy needs. So, there is a need of high energy storing devices when the load is low or moderate. Supercapacitors (SC) can be the competent options to serve this purpose. The paper recounts the performance of supercapacitors (SC) churned out from a horizontal axis multi-jar ball milling machine based on variations in material properties of ball milling jars. To store ample amount of energy, it is very essential to develop energy storing devices with large capacities and large ratings. The performance of energy storage devices is investigated using Manganese dioxide and Activated carbon as electrode materials. Majority of the times the granular size of raw-electrode materials is not enough fine to use them as electrodes directly. As a result of this, it is essential to crush the raw-electrode materials of the SC into fine powder. The energy storing capacity of SCs depends on size of particle, specific area, the of material and quantity to weight ratio of electrode material. In this paper an alternative material ‘Polypropylene’ is used as a substitute for Aluminum jars in horizontal axis multi-jar ball milling machine to crush the electrode materials. The effectiveness of both the jars is compared by evaluating the performance parameters of the SCs manufactured from electrode materials crushed in each of these jars. It is observed that the performance of SCs depends on type of ball milling machine, number of ball milling balls used, ball milling time, diameter of ball milling jars, speed of ball milling and material of ball mill jars properties. So, all other parameters are kept the same except the material of ball mill jars to scrutinize the effect of ball milling jars on performance of SCs.
Parametric studies on the properties of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Vamsi Krishna Karnati , Srinivasa Reddy V , Shrihari S , Rajashekar C
Published: October 2021

In the current study, effect of Alkali Activator solution (AAS) / Fly ash (FA) ratios and various molarities of NaOH on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) is studied keeping Na2SiO3/NaOH=2.5 and SiO2/Na2O=2.0 optimal ratios constant. For AAS/FA=4.0 and 16M NaOH combination yields better strength so this combination is chosed as optimal. From studies it is found that the optimum temperature for curing is 60°C and optimum period of curing is 24 h based on the compressive strengths achieved.
Breast Thermograms Asymmetry Analysis using Gabor filters
Authors: Yadlapalli Priyanka , Reddy Madhavi K , Gurram Sunitha , Avanija J , Meenakshi K , Kora Padmavathi
Published: October 2021

Women are far more likely than males to acquire breast cancer, and current research indicates that this is entirely avoidable. It is also to blame for higher death rates among younger women compared to older women in nearly all developing nations. Medical imaging modalities are continuously in need of development. A variety of medical techniques have been employed to detect breast cancer in women. The most recent studies support mammography for breast cancer screening, although its sensitivity and specificity remain suboptimal, particularly in individuals with thick breast tissue, such as young women. As a result, alternative modalities, such as thermography, are required. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI), as it is known, detects and records temperature changes on the skin’s surface. Thermography is well-known for its non-invasive, painless, cost-effective, and high recovery rates, as well as its potential to identify breast cancer at an early stage. Gabor filters are used to extract the textural characteristics of the left and right breasts. Using a support vector machine, the thermograms are then classified as normal or malignant based on textural asymmetry between the breasts (SVM). The accuracy achieved by combining Gabor features with an SVM classifier is around 84.5 percent. The early diagnosis of cancer with thermography enhances the patient’s chances of survival significantly since it may detect the disease in its early stages.
Influence of Annealing Process on Wear Resistance of AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Bain Animesh , Reddy B. Ramakrishna , Ramchandra Baviskar Prasad , Milind M Patil , Saranya J. , Geethasree P. , Shruthi R. , Subbiah Ram
Published: October 2021

Stainless steel is well known for its good corrosion resistance. It is easily available in the market at low cost. Martensitic stainless steels are hard and brittle in nature, it lacks ductility. Therefore hardness, brittleness, ductility has to be balanced in martensitic stainless steel. Annealing is chosen for this research work to maintain balance between ductility and brittleness. Martensitic stainless steel samples were cut into five small pieces of length 40 mm and diameter 12 mm each by using a lathe machine. Annealing process were carried out for three specimens to the temperature 7200C, 8200C, 9200C and were named as AN1, AN2, AN3 respectively. One sample is kept aside as untreated for comparison purpose. A wear test was performed on all specimens using a pin-on-disc wear tester to evaluate the material’s wear resistance. The results of all samples were compared using a scanning electron microscope and the best material is chosen for the required application.
Seismic analysis of a multi- storied building for different plan configurations using E-tabs
Authors: Arun Meera , Krishna PVVSSR , Srinivas T
Published: October 2021

This paper consists of the work made on the study of seismic analysis on the multi-storied building by maintaining same floor area for all four different plan configurations. To make the analysis of these different four plan configurations, the modelling is done prior in the ETABS:2016 (Extended Three-Dimensional analysis of building system). An effort is made by providing all the load combinations and the performance of each plan is analysed individually and the comparison is made between symmetrically and asymmetrically plan configurations by keeping the floor area constant. After completion of the analysis, the comparison of storey displacement, base shear and storey drift is made and conclude that the symmetrical plans are superior when compared to asymmetrical plans in the view of the resistance against the seismic forces. Further the expansions joints are to be provided in the asymmetrical plans to ensure the safety against the seismic forces.
Response control of structures under Seismic and Blast induced ground motions
Authors: Siripuram Vamshisheela , Manchalwar Atulkumar
Published: October 2021

In the present paper an investigation is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of Base Isolation device in a building subjected to both seismic and blast induced ground motions. A 5-story building is modelled with different story stiffness and floor masses is considered in this study. In SAP 2000 software two buildings, one with fixed base and the other with isolated base are designed and nonlinear time history analysis is conducted. The structural responses of these two models subjected to four recorded earthquakes and four different blast ground accelerations is compared in this study. The base isolated device such as lead/rubber bearing have proved to be effective in reducing the base Shear and Top story acceleration, and also increase in Hysteresis energy in the base isolated structure subjected to seismic and blast vibrations.
Neural Network Modelling of Speech Emotion Detection
Authors: Sri Lalitha Y. , Basha Sk Althaf Hussain , Aditya Nag M. V.
Published: October 2021

In making the Machines Intelligent, and enable them to work as human, Speech recognition is one of the most essential requirement. Human Language conveys various types of information such as the energy, pitch, loudness, rhythm etc., in the sound, the speech and its context such as gender, age and the emotion. Identifying the emotion from a speech pattern is a challenging task and the most useful solution especially in the era of widely developing speech recognition systems with digital assistants. Digital assistants like Bixby, Blackberry assistant are building products that consist of emotion identification and reply the user in step with user point of view. The objective of this work is to improve the accuracy of the speech emotion prediction using deep learning models. Our work experiments with the MLP and CNN classification models on three benchmark datasets with 5700 speech files of 7 emotion categories. The proposed model showed improved accuracy.
Hybrid UPQC arrangement for power quality improvement
Authors: Prakash Vodapalli , Venkatesh C , Kumar C. Pavan
Published: October 2021

In the forthcoming gap, throughout the world storage systems will carry the leading role, the reason is of providing energy in distant places. The utilization of storage elements in almost all applications are tremendously changed by the researchers. Here, mentioning the theory to increase the quality benefits in all corners of power utilization. By summing potential elements such as Unified power Quality conditioner, fuel cell to suppress the problems at the consumer points. UPQC is capable to supporting dynamic conditions at combined common connection in the system. To achieve the consumer expectations in our country, Power Quality is a big subject as there are frequent power variations, outages and frequency. Hence, it is required to take crucial steps in the direction of the growth. This hybridization of different elements gives the research in the angle of improving several issues, for unbalanced distribution system. This paper comes up with a configuration of UPQC that incorporates DC –to-DC converter along with the fuel - cell at the DC-link side, the whole setup run under MATLAB environment.
Process parameter optimization of Al/SiC metal matrix composites during ultrasonic machining process
Authors: Banerjee Bikash , Chakraborty Arindam , Das Somnath , Dhupal Debabrata
Published: October 2021

Metal matrix is highly acceptable composites providing good strength for industrial use. In many field of industries, especially aerospace industry metal matrix composites of type Al/SiC is used because of its superior properties. In this research work, experimentalanalysis has been done for producing through hole on metal matrix composites with suitable quality ultrasonic machining (USM) process. Three unconstrained process parameters are chosen, like abrasive slurry concentration, power rating sand tool feed rate. Material removal rate (MRR) is considered as response parameter. The effects of each parameter have been analyzed here. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has also been applied to identify the most significant factor. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to developed empirical model for determine the performance of ultrasonic process. Optimization technique has been used to find out the maximum process MRR. Confirmation verification test has been done to improve optimal parametric condition for getting maximum MRR. This research paper gives viability application of USM process for producing of through hole on metal matrix composites and various applications in industry.
Stress Analysis of Hole Orientation and Laminate Geometry Impacting on Boron/Epoxy Composites Laminates
Authors: Alemu K.M. , Fatoba O.S. , Nageswara Rao D.K. , Akinlabi E.T.
Published: October 2021

Boron/epoxy laminates are used in aircraft and space vehicles for their high strength. Evaluation of stresses and residual strength of the laminate with square cutout are not analyzed in the literature. The present work is focused on studying the effect of hole orientation and laminate geometry on Boron/Epoxy composites laminates under in-plane loading. The analytical solution for stresses around holes in laminates is derived using Savins’s complex variables method to consider a multilayered plate with different hole shapes and orientations of loading. The basic equations of failure criteria available for plain laminates are derived to calculate the residual strength of the laminates with hole using the stresses obtained from the analytical solution. The derived analytical solution is validated by reproducing exactly the same results of earlier researchers even by other formulations and also by the results of finite element analysis using ANSYS. The [0/0]s laminate is not preferred due to highest stress concentrations at the corners that range between 12 to 12.45. Similarly, [45/-45]s laminate is also not preferred due to its higher values of stress concentrations which range from 9.5 to 28. The normalized stress for [0/90]s underx-axis loading is 9.6 and fory-axis loading it is 9.5 which is almost the same. Even for equi-biaxial loading, it is 8.5 and for shear loading, it is 12.45. Except for shear loading, [0/90]s laminate seems to be a better choice for a reasonable value of stress concentration for any general case loading. The analytical solution derived in the present work is the most general and unique as it can yield the stresses around any shape of hole and laminate geometry and all types of in plane loading. This solution will be able to reproduce the results of all other solutions available in the literature by different formulations.
Flexural performance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete using PVA fiber
Authors: Naik G. Prashanth , Hemalatha K , Konik Srikanth
Published: October 2021

This paper present the experimental result of flexural behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (HFRP) concrete beams reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars and steel bars. This experiment is conducted with the aim of replacing steel reinforcement with GFRP rebars to reduce the risk of corrosion of steel in concrete structures. The data presented in this study is obtained by conducting flexural test experiment on four beams of HFRP beams with various PVA fibre dosage of 0%, 0.25% and 0.5% and one Pure FRP beam. Fly ash is added by 25% in the mix as a mineral admixture to control the shrinkage cracks. The test result showed that by addition of PVA fibre in HFRP concrete enhance the mechanical properties of beam like deflections, ductility, load carrying capacity and flexural capacity. The optimum dosage of PVA fibre is 0.25%. which improve flexural strength by 200% and 31.1% and ductility increased by 112.2% and 55.12% as compared with Pure FRP beam and HFRP beam without PVA fibre.
Applications of Non-Contact Digital Image Correlation Method (DIC) – A Review
Authors: Sai Sree K Sharmila , Koniki Srikanth
Published: October 2021

The non-contact digital image of the correlation method on thermal strains has been studied to know the capability of measuring the variations in strains occurring in the alloy surface. By digital image correlation method, we can confirm the strains by heating and cooling of the alloy due to temperatures of sunlight, etc. The techniques are developed and implemented in thermal heating strains are considered through the Noncontact digital image of correlation method. The material can expand or be compressed depending on time variation, temperature changes, and strains generated. There can be a thermal shock which means a sudden change resulting in high variations so to control the results we are doing a study. There are different types of correlation methods which are a naturalistic method, survey method, and archival method in our research we are developing the noncontact analysis which can compare the strains that occurred before and after loads occurred by temperature. The results show the easiest method of analyzing different aspects.
Assessment of Wear Properties under Dry Sliding Conditions on AISI 301LN Austenitic Stainless Steel by Plasma Nitriding Process
Authors: Divyasri B , Phani Rama Krishna Ch. , Jayappa Pradeep , Keerthi Reddy G. , Vinay Kumar V. , Shankarachary B. , Surya M. , Subbiah Ram
Published: October 2021

In industry, mechanical components must operate under conditions conditions such as variable load, speed, temperature and various chemical environments. Materials are selected depending on their application. They are selected for commercial availability, cost and properties such as strength, hardness etc. Many engineering errors are due to fatigue, corrosion and poor wear resistance occurring on its surface. This causes cracks in the surface that shortens the service life of the material. Also, the surfaces of materials are exposed to strong thermal, chemical and shock loads. Chosen for this research work, AISI 301LN materials have low surface hardness and poor wear properties, which can limit their applications were components mate each other. AISI 301LN stainless steel was treated with plasma nitriding at a low temperature of about 650°C. It was observed that a mixture of ferrites and gradually nitrogenous matter accumulates in the following layers namely iron nitride. Further nitriding was carried out to 20 hrs, 40 hrs, 60 hrs and the specimen were named as PL1, PL2 and PL3 respectively. It was observed that Cr-N layer were formed on the outer surface. Wear tests were carried out on a tribological wear test machine to study the wear behavior. A comparison is made between treated and untreated specimens. The microstructures are investigated with scanning electron microscope.
Dissimilar Welding of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Joints for Nuclear Applications: a review
Authors: Sravan Sashank S. , Rajakumar S. , Karthikeyan R.
Published: October 2021

Dissimilar Welding of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Joints are commonly preferred in Nuclear Reactors where high temperature applications are needed. There has been a huge demand for materials which sustain corrosive environment with high rupture strength along with high temperature and pressure. These materials can be directly replaced with the traditional nickel based alloys to compensate for cost cutting and satisfy strength requirements. Dissimilar welding of these materials has been challenging due to the difference in its composition, properties and also heterogeneity in microstructure of these materials. A Study was done to identify what are the commonly used joining techniques, the mechanical properties of the joints and also the microstructure evolution of the dissimilar weld joints. This paper will emphasize on the work that was previously published in the area of dissimilar welding of these combinations of materials and also their challenges.
Dynamic Address Routing for Adhoc & Mesh Networks using MANETs
Authors: Tummala Indira Priyadarshini , Ramya Sree B
Published: October 2021

The organization ought to have the option to adaptively change the directing ways to lighten any of these impacts. In addition, in a tactical climate, protection of safety, inertness, dependability, deliberate sticking, and recuperation from disappointment are huge concerns. Military organizations are intended to keep a low likelihood of catch and additionally a low likelihood of recognition. Henceforth, hubs like to emanate as little force as essential and send as inconsistently as could be expected, accordingly diminishing the likelihood of discovery or interference. A pass in any of these prerequisites may corrupt the exhibition and constancy of the organization. The fundamental target of this product is to make a way for exchange utilizing dynamic locations in a look into table. This look-into table is alluded and kept up during correspondence by every one of the hubs in the organization. The look-into table is refreshed on each occurrence regardless of whether there is any hub nonattendance. The situation with every hub in the organization is additionally kept up in the all the look-into tables.
A Review on Data Discrepancy Factor Performance for Industrial Applications using Clustering Algorithms
Authors: Tummala Indira Priyadarshini , Ramesh M
Published: October 2021

DDF is the most significant measure among different bunch execution procedures to assess the immaculateness of any group component. Ordinarily, best groups are assessing by processing the quantity of information focuses inside a bunch. At the point when this tally is comparable to the quantity of required information focuses then this group is viewed as great. The greatness of the bunch system is fundamental not exclusively to discover the information check inside a group yet in addition to inspect it by totalling the information focuses these are (I) present inside a group where it ought not be and the other way around and (ii) not grouped for example anomalies (OL). The principle usefulness of DDF is that all bunch focuses can be gathered in comparative groups without exceptions, the current paper features on how contrasted with DDF more effective Clusters can be shaped through the Modern DDF. Further, we assess the exhibition of some grouping calculations, K-Means. As of late we, fostered the Modified K-Means Algorithm and Hierarchical Algorithm by utilizing the Data Discrepancy Factor (DDF).
Investigation on Flexural strength of Polymer nanocomposites modified by MWCNT and Glass fiber
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Kharwar Prakhar Kumar , Verma Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

The glass-reinforced laminated composite is widely used in place of conventional structural materials. The glass fiber composites demonstrate outstanding strength in the uniaxial direction. The effect of carbon nanotube reinforcement percentage on the flexural strength of glass-reinforced polymer composites is investigated in this article. The flexural strength of the final laminates has been found to improve by reinforcing the Carbon nanotube. The small incorporation of MWCNT improves the flexural strength up to 51.3%. The 1.0 wt.% MWCNT reinforcement into GFRP shows the 51.3% improvement into flexural strength in comparison to GFRP composites. MWCNTs plays a prominent role to enhance the mechanical features of the developed samples. The SEM image is used to examine the nature and mechanics of failure. This study highlights the effect of carbon-based nanomaterial on the glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Performance and emission characteristics of fumigated butanol on a duel fuel mode hcci engine
Authors: Kommana Srinivas , Babu K. Mahesh , Madhuri A.H.R
Published: October 2021

To meet energy demand as well as emission regulations of today’s world moved the researchers towards the use of alternative fuels such as alcohols, biofuels in CI engine. Present work is to examine the performance and emission characteristics of fumigated butanol on a duel fuel mode HCCI engine. Experiments were performed for n-butanol fumigation (nBF) at constant speed 1500rpm with fixed mass flow rate under varying engine loads at compression ratio 17.5:1 and injection pressure 210 bar. Obtained test results showed that the mechanical efficiency increased by 7-8%, brake thermal efficiency increased by 7-13%, specific fuel consumption decreased by 4-10%. Emissions like smoke, oxides of nitrogen decreased significantly however carbon monoxide & hydrocarbons increased compared to diesel fuel. Finally, it is concluded that nBF method is best suitable for CI engines at medium engine loads for better engine efficiency and less smoke and NOx emissions.
Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Dumètre Aurélien , Dubey Jitender P. , Ferguson David J.P.
Published: October 2021

Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are responsible for food- and water-borne infections in humans worldwide. They are resistant to common chemical disinfectants, including chlorinated products, presumably due to the structure and molecular nature of the oocyst wall but also the sporocyst wall. In this study, we used fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the structure of both the oocyst and sporocyst walls, exposed to household bleach. Bleach removed the outer layer of the oocyst wall and the outer layer of the wall of sporocysts exposed due to rupture of the oocyst wall. The loss of the outer sporocyst wall layer was associated with a decrease in its autofluorescence, which can be linked to the degradation of dityrosine cross-link proteins, and loss of Maclura pomifera lectin-reactive glycoproteins. This study suggests that the inner layers of the oocyst and sporocyst walls are the main structures responsible for the resistance of the parasite to household bleach.
L’ombilic du trauma ou l’impasse générative à l’adolescence
Authors: Caule Emmanuelle
Published: October 2021

Dans le sillage des travaux de Sandor Ferenczi et d’André Green, la réflexion proposée se centre sur la relation entre trauma et négatif à l’adolescence. L’auteur souligne l’effet négativisant du trauma, qui empêche de configurer tout ou partie de l’expérience traumatique et de la faire advenir psychiquement comme telle. Ce « blanc » du trauma, irreprésentable, échappe à toute possibilité de sexualisation secondaire, en après-coup, par le courant pubertaire. De ce « blanc » résulte un autoclivage narcissique entre une partie « omnisciente » et anesthésiée affectivement, d’un côté, et une partie identifiée à l’agresseur, de l’autre. L’identification à l’agresseur, qui est corrélative du déni des éprouvés douloureux, fait le lit d’une relation impitoyable à soi-même et aux autres, antinomique du processus identificatoire, notamment de l’identification à la fonction parentale, et donc de l’avènement d’une double dimension subjective, générative et bienveillante, qui fonde la création d’une « vie nouvelle ». Un cas clinique illustre le propos.
Neurosciences, psychanalyse : deux paradigmes irréductibles ?
Authors: Dayan Jacques
Published: October 2021

L’avènement des neurosciences dans le champ de la santé mentale a bouleversé les équilibres entre psychologie et « sciences du cerveau ». De très nombreuses connaissances nouvelles ont été apportées sur le fonctionnement cérébral. En regard, à la psychanalyse de plus en plus en repli dans le monde universitaire, il est reproché son inconsistance scientifique. Le vocabulaire neurologique et en particulier la référence au cerveau sont devenus les supports obligés des considérations sur le psychisme. Paradoxalement, depuis la création de la Société pour la Neuroscience en 1969, les apports thérapeutiques des neurosciences dans le champ des troubles mentaux ont été marginaux. La psychiatrie comme pratique repose toujours sur la clinique, les psychotropes et les psychothérapies élaborés ou découverts indépendamment des neurosciences. Malgré l’enthousiasme des premières découvertes comme les modifications de la dynamique des neuromédiateurs dans la dépression ou la schizophrénie, aucune affection ni trouble mental n’a trouvé un modèle neurophysiologique consistant et étayé scientifiquement pour expliquer sa symptomatologie ou expliquer son développement. Cet article a pour objet un examen historique et épistémologique de cette extraordinaire discordance. Il décrit à partir des conceptions du trauma psychique l’évolution historique des thérapeutiques et des conceptions en psychiatrie jusqu’aujourd’hui. Partant de Thomas Kuhn décrivant les révolutions scientifiques nous nous interrogeons sur le caractère de croyance de l’adhésion au discours neuroscientifique contemporain et sur la factualité de ses annonces.
Des douleurs drépanocytaires aux douleurs chroniques à l’adolescence
Authors: Gilormini Graziella , Savvaki Véra
Published: October 2021

Nous proposons dans cet article de réfléchir aux liens entre la drépanocytose, maladie génétique chronique à expression douloureuse forte, et les douleurs chroniques, qui définissent une douleur qui dure ou réapparaît, chez des patients adolescents. Nous confrontons nos deux expériences, hospitalière en médecine de l’adolescent pour l’une et en unité de double prise en charge somato-psychiatrique en soins-études pour l’autre, afin de questionner le vécu de ces sujets face à la douleur et la façon dont celle-ci s’immisce dans le processus de subjectivation propre à cet âge.
Metformin – bei Typ-2-Diabetes das Mittel der ersten Wahl?!
Authors: Gröber Uwe
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus und Prädiabetes haben in Deutschland eine sehr hohe Prävalenz. Obwohl körperliche Aktivität und nutritive Intervention sich als wirksam erwiesen haben, bleibt das blutzuckersenkende Metformin das Mittel der ersten Wahl. Das Medikament interferiert mit Mikronährstoffen wie B-Vitaminen, Vitamin D und Magnesium und kann den bei Typ-2-Diabetiker*innen oft bestehenden Nährstoffmangel noch verstärken. Daraus resultieren u. a. negative Folgen für Energiestoffwechsel, Immunsystem, Inflammation und Insulinresistenz sowie ein Anstieg des gefäßschädigenden Homocysteins. Halbjährliche Kontrollen der Homocystein-, Methylmalonsäure- und Vitamin-D-Spiegel sind bei Typ-2-Diabetes ratsam. Inbs. bei Metformintherapie bzw. Polymedikation sollten die Mikronährstoffmängel durch tägliche Supplementierung ausgeglichen werden.
Evaluation of Protective Effects of Curcumin and Nanocurcumin on
Aluminium Phosphide‑Induced Subacute Lung Injury in Rats: Modulation of
Oxidative Stress through SIRT1/FOXO3 Signalling Pathway
Authors: Mahlooji Mohammad Ali , Heshmati Ali , Kheiripour Nejat , Ghasemi Hassan , Asl Sara Soleimani , Solgi Ghasem , Ranjbar Akram , Hosseini Asieh
Published: October 2021

Objective Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is widely used to protect stored food
products and grains from pests and rodents. The availability of AlP, especially
in Asian countries it has become a desirable factor to commit suicide. The
phosphine produced from ALP is a very reactive radical and a respiratory
inhibitor that causes oxidative damage. There is no dedicated antidote or
effective drug to manage AlP-induced lung toxicity. The present study aims to
evaluate and compare the protective effects of curcumin and nanocurcumin on
ALP‑induced subacute lung injury and determine the underlying mechanism.

Methods Rats were exposed to AlP (2 mg/kg/day,
orally)+curcumin or nanocurcumin (100 mg/kg/day,
orally) for 7 days. Then rats were anesthetized and lung tissues were collected.
Oxidative stress biomarkers, genes expression of antioxidant enzymes,
participated genes in the SIRT1/FOXO3 pathway, and lung histopathology
were assessed by biochemical and ELISA methods, Real-Time PCR analysis, and
H&E staining.

Results Curcumin and nanocurcumin produced a remarkable improvement in
AlP-induced lung damage through reduction of MDA, induction of antioxidant
capacity (TAC, TTG) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPx), modulation of
histopathological changes, and up-regulation of genes expression of SIRT1,
FOXO3, FOXO1 in lung tissue.

Conclusion Nanocurcumin had a significantly more protective effect than
curcumin to prevent AlP-induced lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress.
Nanocurcumin could be considered a suitable therapeutic choice for AlP
poisoning.
Design and Baseline Data for a Prospective Observational Study of Rivaroxaban in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in Japan (XASSENT)
Authors: Fukuda Ikuo , Hirayama Atsushi , Kawasugi Kazuo , Kobayashi Takao , Maeda Hideaki , Nakamura Mashio , Nakanishi Norifumi , Yamada Norikazu , Tajima Tsubasa , Iwashiro Sanghun , Okayama Yutaka , Sunaya Toshiyuki , Hirano Kazufumi , Hayasaki Takanori
Published: October 2021

Background The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban have been demonstrated in phase 3 trials of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE; pulmonary embolism [PE] and deep vein thrombosis [DVT]). Data regarding rivaroxaban treatment of VTE in routine Japanese clinical practice remain limited.

Objectives XASSENT will evaluate rivaroxaban treatment of VTE in real-world Japanese clinical practice. We report the study design and baseline patient characteristics.

Methods XASSENT (NCT02558465) is an open-label, prospective observational, post-marketing surveillance cohort study in patients receiving rivaroxaban treatment for VTE. Enrolment took place between November 2015 and March 2018. XASSENT will follow patients for up to 2 years. Primary outcome variables: major bleeding and symptomatic recurrent VTE. Statistical analyses are exploratory and descriptive.

Results Baseline patient characteristics at June 2020 (n = 2,299) are presented (58.2% female; mean age 66.7 years; mean weight 60.9 kg). The population encompasses patients with wide-ranging characteristics including older age, low weight, and renal dysfunction. Most participants (67.6%) had a history of VTE risk factors at baseline. Half of the population (50.4%) had DVT only; 41.4% had DVT with PE; 8.2% had PE only. Overall, 68.4% were inpatients and 77.1% had symptomatic VTE. Rivaroxaban was prescribed for initial treatment in 84.6% of patients and maintenance treatment in 15.4%. Most were prescribed the approved dose of rivaroxaban for initial (30 mg daily; 84.4%) or maintenance (15 mg daily; 81.9%) treatment of VTE in Japan. The most common reason for selecting non-recommended dose was ‘elderly’.

Conclusions Results from XASSENT will complement phase 3 trial data and inform clinical practice.
Neuropalliative Care in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Goss Adeline L. , Creutzfeldt Claire J.
Published: October 2021

The palliative care needs of inpatients with neurologic illness are varied, depending on diagnosis, acuity of illness, available treatment options, prognosis, and goals of care. Inpatient neurologists ought to be proficient at providing primary palliative care and effective at determining when palliative care consultants are needed. In the acute setting, palliative care should be integrated with lifesaving treatments using a framework of determining goals of care, thoughtfully prognosticating, and engaging in shared decision-making. This framework remains important when aggressive treatments are not desired or not available, or when patients are admitted to the hospital for conditions related to advanced stages of chronic neurologic disease. Because prognostic uncertainty characterizes much of neurology, inpatient neurologists must develop communication strategies that account for uncertainty while supporting shared decision-making and allowing patients and families to preserve hope. In this article, we illustrate the approach to palliative care in inpatient neurology.
Neuroprognostication after Cardiac Arrest: Who Recovers? Who Progresses to Brain Death?
Authors: Carroll Elizabeth , Lewis Ariane
Published: October 2021

Approximately 15% of deaths in developed nations are due to sudden cardiac arrest, making it the most common cause of death worldwide. Though high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation has improved overall survival rates, the majority of survivors remain comatose after return of spontaneous circulation secondary to hypoxic ischemic injury. Since the advent of targeted temperature management, neurologic recovery has improved substantially, but the majority of patients are left with neurologic deficits ranging from minor cognitive impairment to persistent coma. Of those who survive cardiac arrest, but die during their hospitalization, some progress to brain death and others die after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment due to anticipated poor neurologic prognosis. Here, we discuss considerations neurologists must make when asked, “Given their recent cardiac arrest, how much neurologic improvement do we expect for this patient?”
Radiation Lobectomy: An Overview of Concept and Applications, Technical Considerations, Outcomes
Authors: Entezari Pouya , Gabr Ahmed , Kennedy Kristie , Salem Riad , Lewandowski Robert J.
Published: October 2021

Surgical resection has long been considered curative for patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, inadequate future liver remnant (FLR) renders many patients not amenable to surgery. Recently, lobar administration of yttrium-90 (Y90) radioembolization has been utilized to induce FLR hypertrophy while providing disease control, eventually facilitating resection in patients with hepatic malignancy. This has been termed “radiation lobectomy (RL).” The concept is evolving, with modified approaches combining RL and high-dose curative-intent radioembolization (radiation segmentectomy) to achieve tumor ablation. This article provides an overview of the concept and applications of RL, including technical considerations and outcomes in patients with hepatic malignancies.
Extrahepatic Applications of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization
Authors: Murali Nikitha , Mouli Samdeep K. , Riaz Ahsun , Lewandowski Robert J. , Salem Riad
Published: October 2021

While initially described and now accepted as treatment for primary and secondary malignancies in the liver, radioembolization therapy has expanded to include treatment for other disease pathologies and other organ systems. Advantages and limitations for these treatments exist and must be compared against more traditional treatments for these processes. This article provides an overview of the current applications for radioembolization outside of the liver, for both malignant and nonmalignant disease.
Pancreatoblastoma with Portal Venous Invasion: A Case Series
Authors: Abbey Pooja , Anand Rama
Published: October 2021

We describe the sonography and computed tomography (CT) findings in three children with pancreatoblastoma and highlight the tendency of these tumors to invade the splenoportal axis. All three of our cases showed tumor thrombus within the portal vein which is a helpful diagnostic feature on imaging studies.
COVID-19–Associated Bone Marrow Necrosis—A Case Report
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadeep , Gupta Santosh S. , Mehta Nirad , Khodaiji Shanaz
Published: October 2021

We report, herein, a rare case of vertebral bone marrow necrosis in a patient at 1-month post–novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The commonly observed radiological features on the imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) have been discussed here followed by a brief discussion on the role of in-phase and opposed-phase imaging in differentiating the disease from malignant infiltrative pathologies. Histopathological findings on bone marrow smear that confirm the diagnosis have also been illustrated.
Sinus of Valsalva Rupture or VSD Shunt: Mystery Solved by Cardiac CT
Authors: Vora Keyur , Surana Uday , Ranjan Alok
Published: October 2021

Unruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is an asymptomatic pathology and diagnosed incidentally. This extremely rare anomaly can be associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies which can make the diagnosis and prognosis even more complex. We are reporting a case of a 12-year-old boy with progressive dyspnea and episodes of syncope. Multimodality imaging confirmed the diagnosis and paved the way for appropriate surgical treatment options.
How Safe Are Radiation Doses in Diagnostic Radiology? A Historical Perspective and Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Moorthy Srikanth
Published: October 2021

The “no dose is safe” linear no-threshold (LNT) model forms the basis for radiation safety in radiology practice. This model has its origins in observations of germline mutations in fruit flies exposed to X-rays. After World War II, quantitative risk estimates of radiation injury are primarily derived from the atomic bomb survivor Life Span Study. Current understanding of tissue response to radiation has raised doubts about the validity of LNT model at low doses encountered in the practice of diagnostic radiology. This article traces the evolution of basic radiation safety concepts and provides a bird's eye view of the Life Span Study and other studies which throw light on the matter. The arguments for an alternative, threshold, or even hermetic models of dose response are examined. The relevance of these developments to the nuclear power industry is also outlined.