bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un inventaire du patrimoine naturel : les Z.N.I.E.F.F.
Authors: Le Corre Laurent , Noury Arnaud
Published: October 2015

Natural areas of interest for their ecology, flora or fauna

(« ZN.I.EF.F.s »), the main element of the national inventory of natural heritage, raise many questions about their legal character and scope. In response to these questions, the State has tried to make up for the lack of original formalization but has not managed to do so completely because their legal doctrine is itself somewhat ambiguous. Nevertheless, the fact that the pioneers of the inventory were not wholly clear about these questions does not prevent the Z.N.I.EF.F. from being considered as administrative documents comprising straightforward expert evaluations. However, their use by administrative courts has provoked strong reactions, although an analysis of the case-law clearly shows that Z.N.I.E.F.F.s have only been used by these courts as instruments demonstrating the ecological value of some habitats. It remains to be seen whether the second generation of ZN.I.EF.F.s, now in the course of preparation, will be able to be used in legal proceedings in this way.
« Habitat 2 » : du possible au probable
Authors: Drobenko Bernard
Published: October 2015

A la lumière de la déclaration finale et du programme d'action adoptés

à Istanbul lors de la Conférence « Habitat 2 », il s'agit, dans la présente étude, de situer :

- D'une part, les apports de cette conférence au regard des deux thèmes fondamentaux retenus par les Etats, le droit au logement et le développement durable des établissements humains ;

- D'autre part, la place de cette conférence dans le développement et les pratiques du droit international.

Le rôle du Centre des Nations unies pour les établissements humains et les perspectives d'évolution des établissements humains apparaissent étroitement liés à la volonté et aux moyens développés par les Etats.
Stereochemistry of ring-opening/cross metathesis reactions of exo- and endo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbonitriles with allyl alcohol and allyl acetate
Authors: Wałejko Piotr , Dąbrowski Michał , Szczepaniak Lech , Morzycki Jacek W , Witkowski Stanisław
Published: October 2015

The ROCM reactions of exo- and endo-2-cyano-7-oxanorbornenes with allyl alcohol or allyl acetate promoted by different ruthenium alkylidene catalysts were studied. The stereochemical outcome of the reactions was established. The issues concerning chemo- (ROCM vs ROMP), regio- (1-2- vs 1-3-product formation), and stereo- (E/Z isomerism) selectivity of reactions under various conditions are discussed. Surprisingly good yields of the ROCM products were obtained under neat conditions.
THE IMPACT OF THE OVERHEAD LINE'S POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION ON THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF TROLLEYBUS TRANSPORT: PLANNING AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Mikołaj , Połom Marcin
Published: October 2015

Nowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest, which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by reducing of the transmission losses in supply system or by the improving of the usage of the regenerative breaking. The spatial differentiation of the energy supply system of public transport is one of the elements, which has significant impact on the energy consumption. Paper presents the theoretical analysis of the impact of supply system topology on the energy consumption and extensive measurement analysis realized in Gdynia (Poland) trolleybus system.
Security Aspect in Multipath Routing Protocols
Authors: Manohari Prasanta K. , Ray Niranjan K.
Published: October 2015

In the absence of central authority, dynamic topology, limited bandwidth and the different types of vulnerabilities secured data transmission is more challenging in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). A node in MANET acts as a host as well as a router. Routing is problematic due to node mobility and limited battery power of node. Security mechanisms are required to support secured data communication. It also requires mechanism to protect against malicious attacks. In recent times multipath routing mechanisms are preferred to overcome the limitation of the single path routing. Security in routing dealt with authentication, availability, secure linking, secure data transmission, and secure packet forwarding. In this chapter, we discuss different security requirements, challenges, and attacks in MANETs. We also discuss a few secured single path and multipath routing schemes.
Cryptographic Algorithms for Next Generation Wireless Networks Security
Authors: Suryavanshi Vishnu , Manna G. C.
Published: October 2015

At present a majority of computer and telecommunication systems requires data security when data is transmitted the over next generation network. Data that is transient over an unsecured Next Generation wireless network is always susceptible to being intercepted by anyone within the range of the wireless signal. Hence providing secure communication to keep the user's information and devices safe when connected wirelessly has become one of the major concerns. Quantum cryptography algorithm provides a solution towards absolute communication security over the next generation network by encoding information as polarized photons, which can be sent through the air security issues and services using cryptographic algorithm explained in this chapter.
Security in Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETS)
Authors: Shukla Piyush Kumar , Bhatele Kirti Raj
Published: October 2015

Wireless Networks are vulnerable in nature, mainly due to the behavior of node communicating through it. As a result, attacks with malicious intent have been and will be devised to exploit these vulnerabilities and to cripple MANET operation. In this chapter, we analyze the security problems in MANET. On the prevention side, various key and trust management schemes have been developed to prevent external attacks from outsiders. Both prevention and detection method will work together to address the security concern in MANET.
Efficient Classification Rule Mining for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Das Sufal , Kalita Hemanta Kumar
Published: October 2015

Breast cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths among women. Mainly, this disease is tumor related cause of death in women. Early detection of breast cancer may protect women from death. Various computational methods have been utilized to enhance the diagnoses procedures. In this paper, we have presented the genetic algorithm (GA) based association rule mining method which can be applied to detect breast cancer efficiently. In this work, we have represented each solution as chromosome and applied to genetic algorithm based rule mining. Association rules which imply classification rules are encoded with binary strings to represent chromosomes. Finally, optimal solutions are found out by develop GA-based approach utilizing a feedback linkage between feature selection and association rule.
Indic Language
Authors: Koppad Shaila H. , Shwetha T. M.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this research paper is to convert Kannada script to Braille, to enable the visually-impaired lead a better life by means of providing better learning aides. It proposes a possibility of facilitating the regional teachers to teach Kannada through Braille. “Braille Lipi” is instrumental in providing an able platform for the visually-impaired to habituate studying. This paper addresses the various aspects of “Braille Lipi”, it throws light on the origin and various levels, which depends on user-type (either simple, moderate or expert) explained with architecture of Braille system. Kannada to Braille Conversion Tool mainly focuses on elaborating the conversion of Kannada script to Braille script. An attempt to better understand, by a brief insight to Kannada script, Kannada alphabets is made and the whole intention of the contribution is a humble gesture to humanity. The main advantage of the model is visually-impaired can also have access to e-governance.
Baseline Drift Removal of ECG Signal
Authors: Bhoi Akash Kumar , Sherpa Karma Sonam , Khandelwal Bidita
Published: October 2015

The filtering techniques are primarily used for preprocessing of the signal and have been implemented in a wide variety of systems for Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. It should be remembered that filtering of the ECG is contextual and should be performed only when the desired information remains undistorted. Removal of baseline drift is required in order to minimize changes in beat morphology that do not have cardiac origin, which is especially important when subtle changes in the ‘‘low-frequency'' ST segment are analyzed for the diagnosis of ischemia. Here, for baseline drift removal different filters such as Median, Low Pass Butter Worth, Finite Impulse Response (FIR), Weighted Moving Average and Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) are implemented. The fundamental properties of signal before and after baseline drift removal are statistically analyzed.
Advanced Dimensionality Reduction Method for Big Data
Authors: Das Sufal , Kalita Hemanta Kumar
Published: October 2015

The growing glut of data in the worlds of science, business and government create an urgent need for consideration of big data. Big data is a term that describes large volumes of high velocity, complex and variable data that require advanced techniques and technologies to enable the capture, storage, distribution, management, and analysis of the information. Big data challenge is becoming one of the most exciting opportunities for the next years. Data mining algorithms like association rule mining perform an exhaustive search to find all rules satisfying some constraints. it is clear that it is difficult to identify the most effective rule from big data. A novel method for feature selection and extraction has been introduced for big data using genetic algorithm. Dimensionality reduction can be considered a problem of global combinatorial optimization in machine learning, which reduces the number of features, removes irrelevant, noisy and redundant data, to obtain the accuracy and saves the computation time and simplifies the result. A genetic algorithm was developed based approach utilizing a feedback linkage between feature selection and association rule using MapReduce for big data.
Lifelong Learning in Knowledge Society
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: October 2015

Education focus is shifting from “teaching” to “learning” today. Faculty roles are changing from lecturing to primarily “designers of learning methods and environments” (Fink 2003). Brookfield (1985) argues that teachers' role is to “facilitate” the acquisition of knowledge, not “transmit” it. NRC (2000) recommends that the goal of education shift from an emphasis on comprehensive coverage of subject matter to helping students develop their own intellectual tools and learning strategies. If you ask most teachers what is the greatest gift that they could give their students, today, most will answer “the desire and skills for lifelong learning.” It's not that it isn't important to learn some facts while in college; these will likely be necessary for future employment, but more important though is having the skill to learn on one's own after leaving college. The chapter revolves around this single, most-important skill which will empower for a lifetime. So, how it should be one of highest priorities especially in knowledge society forms the core of this chapter.
Relations of Career Plateau and Supervisory Support on Career Satisfaction
Authors: Boresli Naser Salah
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Career plateau is one of the major concept that has been around any organization in last decades and also that was changing the handling with it in a recent years.in this study addresses the factors that affect the job satisfaction and job plateau for instance challenging environment create positive attitude and more efficient outcome. It is doubtful to say that the employee will feel better and good or in another way that they are satisfied in their careers without any developing in their position and any action from the management in such organization. Managements would make efforts to minimize the chances of career plateau from occurring by supporting their employees' career development within the organization. By doing so, career plateau chances can be reduced, which will positively affect career satisfaction. When employees have an ongoing development in their careers they tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than those who have reached a plateau in their careers.
From Quality Assurance to Value Management to Improve Training and Increase All Actors' Competencies
Authors: Nuninger Walter , Chatelet Jean-Marie
Published: October 2015

The construction of European Higher Education Area had urged the Higher Education providers to improve their operations for readability, trade and mutual recognition. The recent socio-economical phenomena had raised difficulties: a new and more constraint frame (funds reduction, greater profitability, autonomy of universities in France); evolution of the public's expectations symbolized by the “digital natives” (entirely connected urging instant satisfaction) and change of paradigm for actors facing complexity. These issues enhance the necessity of Quality Management for sustainability; by obligation or voluntary initiative, it is an opportunity to develop innovative trainings relying on the collective and intercultural skilled workforce. This paper shows how HE providers implement Quality Assurance; mainly focusing on organization. A feedback on trainings with distinct history will stress the operational aspect; bringing out good practices: trainers are customers too! Finally, a prospect will be done by focusing on social responsibility to involve the workforce in the process.
Static Force Model-Based Stiffness Model for Pneumatic Muscle Actuators
Authors: Sárosi József , Piteľ Ján , Šeminský Jaroslav
Published: October 2015

Pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) differ from general pneumatic systems as they have no inner moved parts and there is no sliding on the surfaces. During action they reach high velocities, while the power/weight and power/volume rations reach high levels. The main drawbacks of PMAs are limited contraction (relative displacement), nonlinear and time variable behaviour, existence of hysteresis and step-jump pressure (to start radial diaphragm deformation) and also antagonistic connection of PMAs to generate two-direction motion. These make PMAs difficult to modelling and control. In this paper a new stiffness model and the variable-stiffness spring-like characteristics are described and tested using two Fluidic Muscles made by Festo Company. The muscles have the same diameter, but different length.
Software Tool for the Automated Risk Analysis of Machinery
Authors: Vašek Lubomír , Blecha Petr , Blecha Radim
Published: October 2015

Machinery risk rnalysis has become more important over the past few years with regard to the design of new machines as well as the modification of existing machines. This analysis also includes recommendations for protective measures to reduce the severity of risks and an evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures. The analysis is quite difficult to perform and is also a laborious process, since it has to be done for the entire life-cycle of the reference machinery. It represents the processing of relatively large amounts of data and information and uses a wide range of knowledge. So as to simplify and introduce a certain degree of automation in the hazard analysis process, a software tool was designed to support these activities - the RIAN program application was designed and implemented in cooperation with FAI TBU, and FME, BUT. It is implemented as a problem-oriented information system that includes generic data, a template of basic manufacturing facility types and also the data of specific production facilities. The database is used to store and ensure the basic management of data. The results of analyses performed are available to the user either interactively on computer screens, or in the form of reports. The application uses a client-server architecture and is therefore applicable to supporting the simultaneous work of multiple users.
Software for Control of Manipulator for Measuring Spatial Characteristics
Authors: Drga Rudolf , Janáčová Dagmar
Published: October 2015

This article deals with a way to control the very precise positioner for measuring spatial characteristics of detectors used in the security industry. There was used LabView software from National Instruments and the original library from the manufacturer of the manipulator.
Simulation of Predictive Control Algorithm for Rotary Furnace Producing Magnesite Sinter
Authors: Mariška Martin , Taufer Ivan , Koštial Imrich , Doležel Petr , Palička Pavol
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with a proposal of predictive control system for the magnesite thermal treatment in rotary furnace. The mathematical model based on the initial principles and elementary balances method providing a comprehensive view of the rotary furnace work was calibrated based on the measured operating data. This model was used as the data model for the development of the approximation model in the form of an artificial neural network after identifying the critical points of the production process of sintered magnesia production. The paper represents the process of the approximation model development and the principle of the seeking of the optimal values of the specified control variables in order to ensure the required quality throughout the whole period of the rotary furnace operation.
Use of Real-Time Programming Modules for Control of Actuator Positioning in Mechatronic System with Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Rimár Miroslav , Šmeringai Peter , Fedák Marcel
Published: October 2015

This paper explains proposed real-time control system algorithm modifications for control of drives containing the artificial muscles. The aim of these modifications is to create control algorithm more effective in spite to provide effective computational time to prepare measurement chain to add further artificial muscles to ensure movement in another directions. Described are devices, hardware and software equipment, as well as design of their involvement in the experimental device.
Discrete Shaper of Control Signals
Authors: Miček Juraj , Juríček Jozef
Published: October 2015

Method of control signal shaping has been being used in the steering systems with flexible elements since the 1990s. Many useful applications were developed during the next 20 years, primarily in the field of the positioning control systems. Most of the applications were from the area of control systems in machinery industry (cranes, fast-speed lifts, positioning systems, etc.), many of published papers are based on the design of a proper sequence of pulses in the time domain. On the contrary, our approach describes the design of the discrete shaper in the image area and is focused on the digital implementation issues.
On the Composition of Describing Functions in Feedback Loops
Authors: de Paor Annraoi M. , Davidson Claire M. , Lowery Madeleine M.
Published: October 2015

A first model developed by the authors for the study of pathological oscillations in Parkinson's disease is reviewed. This provides conditions for onset and extinction of almost sinusoidal oscillations. The describing function approach for use in such a situation is introduced and it is shown that the two describing functions used here may be “composed” into a single equivalent describing function. Conditions at onset or quenching of oscillation are noted, but wider applications have yet to be developed.
Comparative Study on the Behavior of Crushed and Rolled Sustainable Concrete Materials Based on New Generation of Superplasticizer at Curing Temperature
Authors: Bella Ilham Aguida , Asroun Aîssa , Bella Nabil
Published: October 2015

The aggregates factory consumes a big quantity of energy; by consequence, it costs money, in the other hand it produces a lot of waste material or SCM (sustainable concrete material). The main aspects which guide this study is the current tendency to make mortar based on a very abundant material which are crushed limestone aggregates and naturals dunes sand. The results obtained in this study summarize up the importance of SCMs aggregates on behavior of the mortar, this different kind of SCM aggregate offered different behavior at the fresh state of the batch and by consequence its result with different mechanical behavior at the hardened state of mortar. This study focus also on the behavior of the new kind of chemical admixture, which is acrylic superplasticizer. The principal aim of adding rolled or crushed SCM is makes a mortar, which can resist to exhaustive environment (at curing temperature).
MCDM Tools Application for Selection of Suppliers in Manufacturing Industries Using AHP, Fuzzy Logic and ANN
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Sri Lakshmana Kumar D. , Balakannan K. , Chakraborty P.S.
Published: October 2015

In manufacturing industry selection of right supplier (s) is one of the challenging activities. Supplier selection is the method of determining the appropriate suppliers to provide the right quality of products, at the right quantities, at the right price in the right time. During the last ten years based on the changes in the business sector, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) has been one of the fastest growing areas. By choosing the best supplier, the companies can increase their productivity and also competitive advantage. In the earlier period, several methods have been proposed to solve the supplier selection problem, such as the linear weighting methods, the analytic network process, total cost approaches and mathematical programming techniques. Although the linear programming methods are simple, they are not accurate and more variations exist. So the latest multi-criteria decision making tools such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are deeply studied. While selecting the best supplier, many criteria are involved. The criteria may be different for different approach. The decision makers always express their preferences on alternatives or on the attributes of supplier which can be used to help rank the supplier and choose the enviable one. In this article, application of fuzzy logic and AHP are discussed with case-studies and also presented the discussion about implementation of ANN for supplier selection.
MD Simulation and Optimization Analysis for Nanoscale Material Removal Process
Authors: Qu Guo Kun
Published: October 2015

To understand the thermal effects on material removal at atomic level, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and optimization method are performed with the aid of Morse, EAM and Tersoff potential. The heat distribution is showed in 3D images under various parameters. The simulation results reveal that the heat distribution is roughly concentric around the tool edge and a steep temperature gradient is observed between diamond tool and chip. During material removal process, there is a narrow region with high temperature in shear zone where most of heat generated due to plastic deformation of workpiece material, the high temperature extends from here to chip, diamond tool and workpiece, but the highest temperature lies in chip. Compared with low speed, a higher temperature region below the tool edge implied a larger shear stress is built up in a local region and a rougher machined surface is generated at high cutting speed.
Test and Analysis of Electric Arc Machining Characteristics of Titanium Alloy and High-Temperature Alloy
Authors: Peng Hai , Zhai Yang
Published: October 2015

The short electric arc machining technique is a new type of strong current processing method, which has many advantages, especially for difficult-to-machine materials, such as no cutting force, small cutting chips, easy to chip removal, high processing efficiency and so on. In this paper, the electric arc processing cutting performance of two typical difficult-to-machine materials, titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy, was studied by electric machining cutting experiment to analyze the influence of arc processing on the properties of materials. Using the designed electric arc machining system, the effect of electrical processing parameters on processing properties was discussed. Furthermore, the surface layer hardness and materials metallurgical structure were detected to study the change of material internal organization and the effects on material properties change, which provide the corresponding theoretical analysis basis for arc machining of difficult-to-machine materials. Experimental results show that the titanium alloy and high-temperature alloy have small heat affected zone and hardening layer after electric arc processing, which could meet the requirement of subsequent machining to obtain a good surface quality.
Test and Analysis of Low Temperature Air Cutting Performance to Difficult-to-Machine Materials
Authors: Peng Hai , Wang Ya Fei
Published: October 2015

This paper mainly analyzes the cutting mechanism of low temperature air cutting, and makes research and analysis about the brittle characteristics, the lubricate mechanism and the chip breaking mechanisms of metal materials under low temperature cold condition. Meanwhile, the cutting performance of typical difficult-to-machine materials, such as The precipitation stainless steel, super-alloy and titanium alloy, were discussed. Through cutting experiment under normal conditions and low temperature air conditions, the influence on cutting force, tool wear, chip shape and surface processing quality of typical difficult-to-machine materials were analyzed. The experimental results show that the low temperature air has better effects on cutting difficult-to-machine materials. It can reduce temperature distribution and cutting force, improve tool life and suface processing quality, decrease the use of cutting fluid and mitigate environmental pollution. Thus, low temperature air cutting is an efficient and environment friendly way to solve the problem of cutting difficult-to-machine materials.
Temperature Field Simulation of Wood Powder/PES Composite Powder Material
Authors: Yu Yue Qiang , Guo Yan Ling , Jiang Kai Yi
Published: October 2015

In view of the physical process of the wood powder/PES composite powder material selective laser sintering forming ,this article establishes the plane moving Gaussian heat source as the input laser heat source model .Based on selective laser sintering wood powder/PES composite powder sintering theory and combined with thermal conductivity of composite powder, specific heat, density and other related theoretical analytical models .It establishes three dimensional finite element model of selective laser sintering process of wood powder/PES composite powder transient temperature field .The laser sintering simulation experiment of wood powder/PES composite powder under different laser power obtains temperature field distribution law of the wood powder/PES composite powder forming under different laser power distribution, and the influence of the forming parts forming quality of wood powder/PES composite powder materials caused by the temperature field. The simulation results also provide certain theoretical basis for the choice of laser power in the subsequent laser sintering experiment.
Analysis of 45 Steel Rectangular Thin-Walled Parts Milling Deformation
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Zhan Li , Xi Ping , Jiao Yang
Published: October 2015

Aiming at the problem that the machining accuracy of 45 steel rectangular thin-walled parts are difficult to ensure because of poor rigidity, poor manufacturability and easy machining deformation, it used the three-dimensional finite element method, determined the material model of 45 steel and established a prediction model of 45 steel rectangular thin-walled parts milling deformation. The prediction results display that the deformation of the workpiece shows obvious parabola in length direction and a linear decreasing trend in width direction. It verifies the correctness of the prediction model through milling experiments and provides the method and basis for the prediction and control of machining deformation of 45 steel thin-walled parts.
The Analysis of Tool Wear in Milling CFRP with Different Diamond Coated Tool
Authors: Yang Xiao Fan , Li You Sheng , Yan Guo Hong , Liu Ju Dong , Yu Dong Min
Published: October 2015

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) are typical difficult-to-machine materials, which is easy to produce many defects such as burrs, dilacerations, layering in milling process. And selecting the appropriate cutting tool has become the key to machining CFRP with high quality and efficiency. In the paper, the machining principle of milling CFRP with new type end mill was analyzed. The diamond coating of general right-hand end mill, cross-flute router and fine-cross-nick router were used to cutting CFRP under the same cutting condition. Through the comparative analysis of the workpiece’s surface quality and tool wear, it concluded that: compared with right-hand diamond coated end mill, cross-flute diamond coated router or fine-cross-nick diamond coated router could effectively suppress the appearance of burrs and dilacerations; abnormal coating peeling appeared in the flank face of right-hand diamond coated end mill, forming the boundary wear, which accelerated wear failure; the flank wear of diamond coated cross-flute router and fine-cross-nick router were both abrasive wear. Due to having more cutting edge than cross-flute router in cutting process, the flank wear of fine-cross-nick router was slower, and the tool life was longer. So it was more suitable for cutting CFRP.
Finite Element Analysis of High Temperature Alloy Cutting Process Based on Abaqus
Authors: Li Ye , Cai Chun Bin
Published: October 2015

The nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is widely used in the aerospace industry because of its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties under high temperature and corrosion condition. It is one of the most difficult-to-machine materials due to low thermal conductivity and hard particle. One method of solving the problem of maching difficult-to machine materials is using new material cutting tool. PCBN tool has excellent cutting property in maching nickel-based superalloy because of its great hardness, high wear resistance and good chemical stability. The cutting process of in-depth study of PCBN tool cutting nickel-based superalloy, shows the variation rule of cutting force and cutting temperature, can provide a theoretical basis for process specification high temperature alloy and efficient processing, has a very big practical significance. On the basis of reasonable hypothesis, this paper discusses in detail the transformation from actual turning to 2D orthogonal free cutting geometry model. Based on this,through the establishment of simulation model of PCBN turning the nickel-based superalloy GH4169, studying on the tool rake angle γo, back angle αo, cutting speedvcand feedfon cutting process of cutting force and cutting temperature effect.
Pyrolysis Kinetics of PA66/CB
Authors: Guo De Hui , Wang Xiao , Jiang Hai Rong , Chen Guo Chun , Yan Zhang , Liu Hui Xia
Published: October 2015

The pyrolysis kinetics parameters of material had an great importance on estimating material degradation during laser transmission welding. The PA66/CB was produced using a twin-screw extruder, and thermogravimetric experiment of PA66/CB was performed at different heating rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min, then the pyrolsis behavior and pyrolysis kinetics parameters of material were investigated based on the Kissinger, Starink and Freeman-Carroll three methods. The results showed that the pyrolsis process of PA66/CB was one step reaction. With the increase of heating rate, the initial reaction temperature and final pyrolsis temperature of TG curve and the peak temperature of DTG curve were shift to higher temperature. Temperature hysteresis was appeared but the final pyrolsis rate was not affected by heating rate. The activation energy on the biggest pyrolsis rate was not affected by the addition of carbon black. The activation energy calculated using Starink method was increased by the increase of conversion rate. The activation energy calculated using Freeman-Carroll method was bigger than Kissinger and Starink methods. The activation energy was calculated using Freeman-Carroll method, then using the nthmodel, and the pyrolsis kinetic equation was expressed as:dα/dt=2.053×1019[exp (-245.32×103/RT)](1-α)2.22.
Study on Characteristics of Green Parts of Birch Flour/Polyester Composite by Selective Laser Sintering
Authors: Zhao De Jin , Guo Yan Ling , Song Wen Long , Hui Zhang , Yu Zhi Xiang
Published: October 2015

In this paper, the birch flour was the raw material with its particle size less than 100μm and the polyester hot-melt adhesive was used as binder with its particle size less than 60μm. The birch flour was dried using high speed mixer with heating function. The birch flour/polyester composite were prepared using the physical mixing method. The surface of the specimen and fracture surface of specimen were analyzed through the micrographs of scanning electron microscopy. In order to study the characteristics of laser sintering, the preheating temperature of the powder bed of laser sintering machine and the processing parameters of the birch flour/polyester composite were determined using single layer sintering method and empirical method. The tensile, flexural and impact specimens were built in the two scanning laser ways of subarea scan and progressive scan. The testing results show that the mechanical properties using subarea scan method are superior to those of progressive scan method and the mechanical properties of the specimens increase as the laser scan speed decreases. The best mechanical properties of SLS specimens of brich flour/polyester composite powder were obtained with the following parameters: the laser power was 11W, layer scan speed was 1800mm/s; layer thickness was 0.1mm; laser scan spacing was 0.1mm and the average tensile, flexural and impact strength of specimens were 1.35MPa, 3.69Mpa and 0.73KJ/m2 respectively.
Finite Element Simulation and Experimental Study on Micro-Milling Cobalt-Based Alloy
Authors: Zhang Peng , Du Yun Long , Wang Bo , Shan De Bin
Published: October 2015

Elgiloy is a cobalt-based alloy with excellent physical and chemical performance, which is used widely in medical and industrial applications. In this paper, the professional finite element analysis software for metal cutting is used to establish the finite element simulation model of micro cutting this kind of cobalt-based alloy, and the effect of feed rate, which is considered as the most important processing parameter, on the cutting force of micro cutting Elgiloy is analyzed. The cutting force measurement system based on ultra-precision micro milling machine tool is established for experimental study on the cutting force of micro milling Elgiloy by using ultra-fine gain tungsten carbide micro milling tool. The cutting force is measured with different feed rate parameters and the influence of the parameters on the cutting force is analyzed. The simulation and experimental results show that the trends observed at the micro scale are the same as the trends for machining at the macro scale, which implies that the Elgiloy material behaves in a similar manner at both length scales.
Mechanics Mechanism Analysis of Concrete Pavement Resonant Rubblization
Authors: Chen Peng , Qiu Xin , Zhu Qing , Ouyang Chan Chan
Published: October 2015

Based on the assumption of thin plate of elastic foundation and vibration theory, a method for calculating the fundamental natural frequency of cement slab is presented and the certain relationship between the fundamental natural frequency of cement slab and cement slab boundary condition is discussed. As well, according to the analysis results of fundamental natural frequencies of the typical cement pavements of China, the selected proposals of the excitation frequency of the resonant rubblization machine are presented .The research results provide a theory support to popularize resonant rubblization technology in overlaying and rebuilding engineering of the existed cement pavements in China.
The Study of the Electrothermal Heating Pipe Membrane Resistance Test Equipment
Authors: Zhu Xi Lin , Deng Shao Tai , Li Gang , Li Yun Piao
Published: October 2015

In order to detect the electrothermal heating tube internal electrothermal film resistance and the relationship between the two electrode gap, this thesis used design using a testing equipment: The two ends of the measurement period from two electrodes, and the probe spacing can be adjusted ; The two measuring points into hair heat pipe internal contact with the resistive film, using the bleeder circuit, the indirect measuring resistance membrane resistance and the relationship between the two measuring points spacing; then analyze the measurement data, the relationship between the two electrode gap and electrothermal film resistance. The use of such equipment, the measured data, we can analyze the electrothermal film heating pipe internal heating membrane resistance and two measurement of the end head distance is linear change. The linear relationship between the use of electrothermal film heating tube internal electrothermal membrane resistance, can estimate the range of internal electric heating film heating pipe resistance from two the distance between the electrodes, get the change range of heating tube power.
Developing of the Experimental Device that Test Magneto Rheological Fluid(MRF) Shear Yield Stress Nnder Non Uniform Composite Field
Authors: Chen Wei Zeng , Zhang Guang , He Xin Sheng , Ren Shao Qing , Huang Peng
Published: October 2015

In order to study magneto rheological fluid shear characteristics developing of magnetic field and temperature field under the actual condition (non-uniform composite field), Experimental device that test magneto rheological fluid (MRF) Shear yield stress under Non uniform composite field was developed. The device of the magnetic field distribution, temperature conductivity, shear yield stress are studied in theory and prototype production, and then testing the Shear yield stress of magneto rheological fluids of different magnetic field, temperature yield . The adjusting range of temperature of the experimental device is for 0-200, the magnetic field adjusting range by adjusting the current of the electromagnetic coil in the 0mt-300mt. Makes the air gap magnetic field intensity is 20mt, magneto rheological fluid in the shear rate at , the research of magneto rheological fluid shear yield stress with the magnetic field variation different temperatures (T=10, T=50, T=100,T=130, T=150, T=170) . The experimental results show that: in the 10-170, the temperature value basically does not affect the shear yield stress of the MR fluid, but the temperature is less than 10 and the temperature is greater than 170, the effects that temperature size on MRF Shear yield stress is relatively large.
Diagnostic Testing on Crack Propagation of Asphalt Pavement Materials
Authors: Shen Gang , Qiu Xin , Tao Jue Qiang , Du Ning Da , Hu Yong Ju
Published: October 2015

Asphalt concrete is a typical road building material of advanced asphalt pavements. Under the reciprocating vehicle loading, fatigue cracks are reduced inevitably, which seriously affect road performance. Therefore, effective detection and diagnosis of fatigue crack propagation has become a hot research issue. Acoustic emission detection test is a new dynamic nondestructive testing technology which has some features of real-time, online and overall detection. The main purpose of this paper systematically analyses the development process of acoustic emission technology applied in health monitoring field of asphalt concrete pavement structure, and to state the acoustic emission source localization principle, the parameters of acoustic emission signal analysis method, the acoustic emission signal waveform analysis method, etc. Furthermore, from the aspects of the asphalt concrete fatigue performance, crack evolution process and positioning technology, this paper fundamentally discuss the future technological development prospect of acoustic emission technology which is applied in the field of monitoring and diagnosis of asphalt concrete pavement structure, and provide a new perspective for the whole dynamic maintenance of road , and the information implementation of pavement maintenance strategies at later stage.
Development of Nanomachining Mechanism Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhao Peng Yue , Guo Yong Bo , Qu Guo Kun
Published: October 2015

Nanomachining technology has broad application prospects and molecular dynamics method is an important research tools for studying nanoscale material removal mechanism. This paper is focused on the analysis of basic principle of molecular dynamics method and the progress of nanomachining model. The nanomachining mechanism of single crystalline brittle materials and plastic materials are investigated completely, micro-nanomachining mechanism of polycrystalline material is also summarized, The challenges and future development of the nanometric machining mechanism study are also discussed.
The Common 13Cr Steel RUL Forecast Model for Tri-High Gas Well Pipe
Authors: Wu Rui , Chen Pei Fu , Lei Cheng Liang
Published: October 2015

Common 13Cr steel is a kind of corrosion resisting material to be used as gas well pipe working under the situation of high pressure, high temperature and high H2S, but it’s still destroyed in an undesirable period because of the poor working environment. To forecast its remaining useful life, parameters indicating the failure of gas well pipe with high pressure and high temperature and high H2S are collected to form a dataset. The dataset is then transformed into fuzzy set and gas wells are classified according to it. Then the failure time forecast model of gas well pipe is established based on the well’s fuzzy set. Finally, 2 wells remaining life is calculated by the model. It is verified that the result got is in line with the actual situation. The model established is importantly meaningful for the safety production and the proper selection of gas well pipe.
Design and Analysis of Paver Leveling Control System
Authors: Deng Jie , Li Ye
Published: October 2015

Asphalt paver is the main machinery and equipment for asphalt paving job, the performance of its automatic leveling control system is the key factors of the pavement. This paper analyzes the effect of deformed arm on paver leveling control system and the main factors influencing leveling system performance. On the basis of that, it proposes structural adjustment programs of paver leveling system to enhance its performance.
Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Scratch of SiCp/Al Composite
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Ming
Published: October 2015

Silicon carbide particles reinforced aluminum matrix composite (abbreviated as SiCp/Al) offers excellent performance such as high specific strength and stiffness, which make it widely used in aerospace, automobile and other fields, but it is hard to be manufactured. An aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 45% volume fraction of 5μm silicon carbide particles in an A12 aluminum matrix was experimental studied by ultrasonic vibration-assisted scratch (UVAS) and traditional scratch. Cutting forces and surface topography were measured by Kistler dynamometer and SEM. The experimental results showed that the cutting forces fluctuated obviously and the axial force was larger than the tangential force during both UVAS process and traditional scratch process. Average cutting forces of UVAS process were less than those of traditional scratch process. At the same time, small chips of SiC and high surface quality were observed in the scratch surface of UVAS. These indicate that ultrasonic vibration-assisted method plays an important and effective role in reducing cutting forces and improving surface quality.
Effect of Natural Fiber Hornification on the Fiber Matrix Interface in Cement Based Composite Systems
Authors: Ferreira Saulo Rocha , de Andrade Silva Flávio , Lima Paulo Roberto Lopes , Toledo Filho Romildo Dias
Published: October 2015

Several fiber treatments can be applied to mitigate the high water absorption of vegetal fibers. Wetting and drying cycles are usually performed in the industry of paper and cellulose to reduce the volume variation of the natural fibers. This procedure stiffens the polymeric structure of the fiber-cells (process known as hornification) resulting in a higher dimensional stability. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the hornification on the interface of natural fibers. For this purpose, cycles of wet and drying was applied on Sisal, Curaua and Jute fibers. Fiber pull-out tests were performed in embedment lengths of 25mm. Furthermore, the influence of the hornification in the fibers mechanical (under tensile loading) and microstructural (surface modifications of the fiber and changes in the fiber-cell structure) behavior were investigated. The results indicate changes on the tensile strength and strain capacity of the studied fibers, showing that morphology and chemical composition play an important role on the efficiency rate of hornification.
Feasibility of Using MDP Panels, Compared to Conventional Particleboards
Authors: Guimarães Bárbara Maria Ribeiro , Guimarães Jr. José Benedito , Campomori Jefferson Barbosa , Mendes Rafael Farinassi , Mendes Lourival Marin
Published: October 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate, by physical properties, the efficiency of MDP panels, compared to conventional particleboards, since MDP was considered as a raw material for the manufacture of these panels. MDP panels had the following composition: 20/60/20 face/core; a urea-formaldehyde adhesive was used, with a solids content of 55%; pH 8.42; viscosity of 420 Cp and gel time of 51 seconds. 12% of dry base resin were applied to the particles. The pressing cycle was 4 MPa, with a temperature of 160°C for a period of 8 minutes. The panels were produced with a density of 0.70g/cm3. We observed that with the exception of the physical properties of water absorption after 2 hours, the MDP showed lower physical properties (water absorption after 24 hours and thickness swelling after 2 hours and 24 hours of immersion in water) in relation to the panels conventional clusters. Thus demonstrating its superiority in relation to the physical properties of MDP compared to conventional agglomerated panels, emphasizing their use in this way.