bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoregressive Planet Search: Feasibility Study for Irregular Time Series
Authors: Stuhr Andrew M. , Feigelson Eric D. , Caceres Gabriel A. , Hartman Joel D.
Published: July 2019

Sensitive signal processing methods are needed to detect transiting planets from ground-based photometric surveys. Caceres et al. show that the autoregressive planet search (ARPS) method—a combination of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) parametric modeling, a new transit comb filter (TCF) periodogram, and machine learning classification—is effective when applied to evenly spaced light curves from space-based missions. We investigate here whether ARIMA and TCF will be effective for ground-based survey light curves that are often sparsely sampled with high noise levels from atmospheric and instrumental conditions. The ARPS procedure is applied to selected light curves with strong planetary signals from the Kepler mission that have been altered to simulate the conditions of ground-based exoplanet surveys. Typical irregular cadence patterns are used from the Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network-South (HATSouth) survey. We also evaluate recovery of known planets from HATSouth. Simulations test transit signal recovery as a function of cadence pattern and duration, stellar magnitude, planet orbital period, and transit depth. Detection rates improve for shorter periods and deeper transits. The study predicts that the ARPS methodology will detect planets with ≳0.1% transit depth and periods ≲40 days in HATSouth stars brighter than ∼15 mag. ARPS methodology is therefore promising for planet discovery from ground-based exoplanet surveys with sufficiently dense cadence patterns.
Autoregressive Planet Search: Methodology
Authors: Caceres Gabriel A. , Feigelson Eric D. , Babu G. Jogesh , Bahamonde Natalia , Christen Alejandra , Bertin Karine , Meza Cristian , Curé Michel
Published: July 2019

The detection of periodic signals from transiting exoplanets is often impeded by extraneous aperiodic photometric variability, either intrinsic to the star or arising from the measurement process. Frequently, these variations are autocorrelated wherein later flux values are correlated with previous ones. In this work, we present the methodology of the autoregessive planet search (ARPS) project, which uses the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and related statistical models that treat a wide variety of stochastic processes, as well as nonstationarity, to improve detection of new planetary transits. Provided a time series is evenly spaced or can be placed on an evenly spaced grid with missing values, these low-dimensional parametric models can prove very effective. We introduce a planet search algorithm to detect periodic transits in the residuals after the application of ARIMA models. Our matched-filter algorithm, the transit comb filter (TCF), is closely related to the traditional box-fitting least-squares and provides an analogous periodogram. Finally, if a previously identified or simulated sample of planets is available, selected scalar features from different stages of the analysis—the original light curves, ARIMA fits, TCF periodograms, and folded light curves—can be collectively used with a multivariate classifier to identify promising candidates while efficiently rejecting false alarms. We use Random Forests for this task, in conjunction with receiver operating characteristic curves, to define discovery criteria for new, high-fidelity planetary candidates. The ARPS methodology can be applied to both evenly spaced satellite light curves and densely cadenced ground-based photometric surveys.
Corrugated Features in Coronal-mass-ejection-driven Shocks: A Discussion on the Predisposition to Particle Acceleration
Authors: Páez A. , Jatenco-Pereira V. , Falceta-Gonçalves D. , Opher M.
Published: July 2019

The study of the acceleration of particles is an essential element of research in heliospheric science. Here, we discuss the predisposition to the particle acceleration around shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with corrugated wave-like features. We adopt these attributes on shocks formed from disturbances due to the bimodal solar wind, CME deflection, irregular CME expansion, and the ubiquitous fluctuations in the solar corona. In order to understand the role of a wavy shock in particle acceleration, we define three initial smooth shock morphologies each associated with a fast CME. Using polar Gaussian profiles we model these shocks in the low corona. We establish the corrugated appearance on smooth shock by using combinations of wave-like functions that represent the disturbances from the medium and CME piston. For both shock types, smooth and corrugated, we calculate the shock normal angles between the shock normal and the radial upstream coronal magnetic field in order to classify the quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular regions. We consider that corrugated shocks are predisposed to different processes of particle acceleration due to irregular distributions of shock normal angles around the shock. We suggest that disturbances due to CME irregular expansion may be a decisive factor in origin of particle acceleration. Finally, we regard that accepting these features on shocks may be the starting point for investigating some questions regarding the sheath and shock, like downstream jets, instabilities, shock thermalization, shock stability, and injection particle processes.
The Multi-messenger Matrix: The Future of Neutron Star Merger Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State
Authors: Margalit Ben , Metzger Brian D.
Published: July 2019

The electromagnetic (EM) signal of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger depends sensitively on the total binary mass, M
tot, relative to various threshold masses set by the neutron star (NS) equation of state (EOS), parameterized through the neutron star (NS) maximum mass, M
TOV, and characteristic radius, R
1.6. EM observations of a BNS merger detected through its gravitational-wave (GW) emission, which are of sufficient quality to ascertain the identity of the merger remnant, can therefore constrain the values of M
TOV and R
1.6, given the tight connection between M
tot and the well-measured chirp mass. We elucidate the present and future landscape of EOS constraints from BNS mergers, introducing the “Multi-Messenger Matrix,” a mapping between GW and EM measurables that defines the ranges of event chirp masses that provide the most leverage on constraining the EOS. By simulating a population of BNS mergers drawn from the Galactic double NS mass distribution we show that ∼10 joint detections can constrain M
TOV and R
1.6 to several percent level where systematic uncertainties may become significant. Current EOS constraints imply that most mergers will produce supramassive or hypermassive remnants, a smaller minority (possibly zero) will undergo prompt collapse, while at most only a few percent of events will form indefinitely stable NSs. In support of the envisioned program, we advocate in favor of Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo releasing chirp mass estimates as early as possible to the scientific community, enabling observational resources to be allocated in the most efficient way to maximize the scientific gain from multi-messenger discoveries.
Sinopyrophorinae, a new subfamily of Elateridae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with the first record of a luminous click beetle in Asia and evidence for multiple origins of bioluminescence in Elateridae
Authors: Bi Wen-Xuan , He Jin-Wu , Chen Chang-Chin , Kundrata Robin , Li Xue-Yan
Published: July 2019

The new subfamily Sinopyrophorinae within Elateridae is proposed to accommodate a bioluminescent species,SinopyrophorusschimmeliBi & Li,gen. et sp. nov., recently discovered in Yunnan, China. This lineage is morphologically distinguished from other click-beetle subfamilies by the strongly protruding frontoclypeal region, which is longitudinally carinate medially, the pretarsal claws without basal setae, the hind wing venation with a well-defined wedge cell, the abdomen with seven (male) or six (female) ventrites, the large luminous organ on the abdominal sternite II, and the male genitalia with median lobe much shorter than parameres, and parameres arcuate, with the inner margin near its apical third dentate. Molecular phylogeny based on the combined 14 mitochondrial and two nuclear genes supports the placement of this taxon far from other luminescent click-beetle groups, which provides additional evidence for the multiple origin of bioluminescence in Elateridae. Illustrations of habitus and main diagnostic features ofS.schimmeliBi & Li,gen. et sp. nov.are provided, as well as the brief description of its luminescent behavior.
Paix armée et approche transactionnelle : quelle politique de défense américaine sous Donald Trump ?
Authors: Le Chaffotec Boris
Published: July 2019

Résumé L'élection de Donald Trump à la présidence des États-Unis constitue un événement politique et stratégique majeur. Les premières annonces et décisions de politique étrangère et de politique de défense semblent, en effet, remettre en cause certains principes ayant guidé la stratégie internationale américaine depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale. Le président a ainsi ordonné à son administration de mener une revue stratégique et capacitaire globale visant à créer les conditions nécessaires à l'établissement d'une « paix armée ». Néanmoins, l'imprécision de sa vision stratégique et les interrogations sur sa capacité à imposer sa volonté politique au sein du gouvernement fédéral américain entraînent nombre d'incertitudes sur la concrétisation de celle-ci. Cet article analyse les fondements de la vision stratégique de Donald Trump, son impact sur la posture internationale des États-Unis et ses conséquences pour la stratégie de défense américaine.
Les groupes armés non étatiques et l'internationalisation de leurs soutiens
Authors: Le Moign Alix
Published: July 2019

Résumé Cet article s'intéresse aux différentes formes de soutien international aux groupes armés non étatiques. De manière non exhaustive, nous présentons ici plusieurs acteurs susceptibles de contribuer de manière significative à la formation, au développement et à la poursuite des objectifs d'une organisation armée. Si cette assistance extérieure propose de reconsidérer les contours des guerres civiles en mettant moins l'accent sur leurs aspects internes que sur les dynamiques transnationales qui les composent, elle nous invite de la même manière à reconsidérer les contours des groupes armés eux-mêmes.
La Force conjointe du G5 Sahel ou l'émergence d'une architecture de défense collective propre au Sahel
Authors: Desgrais Nicolas
Published: July 2019

Résumé L'annonce officielle du déploiement de la Force conjointe du G5 Sahel (FC-G5S), le 2 juillet 2017, à Bamako, en présence du président de la République française, est une étape importante dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme au Sahel et souligne la vitalité de la coopération militaire entre les pays sahéliens, ainsi qu'avec leurs partenaires stratégiques. Si la création de la FC-G5S est un moyen de pérenniser des mécanismes militaires préexistants en les arrimant à une organisation intergouvernementale qui a réussi à s'imposer dans un environnement institutionnel très dense, ce nouveau dispositif reste pour autant fort ambitieux au regard des contraintes matérielles, humaines et financières que rencontrent les armées nationales qui le composent. La FC-G5S, dont la montée en puissance ne manquera pas d'être périlleuse, présage néanmoins de l'émergence d'une véritable architecture de défense collective propre au Sahel.
La politique indo-pacifique de New Delhi, partenaire stratégique de la France
Authors: Levaillant Mélissa
Published: July 2019

Résumé Cet article dresse un panorama synthétique de la stratégie maritime indienne et des moyens militaires et diplomatiques mis en  uvre par New Delhi en Indo-Pacifique. La présence militaire croissante de la Chine en Indo-Pacifique et le partenariat de défense sino-pakistanais ont modifié l'équilibre des puissances dans la région, renforçant l'importance stratégique de cette zone pour New Delhi. Depuis une dizaine d'années, la politique maritime de l'Inde est caractérisée par la modernisation de ses moyens militaires et la mise en place par le gouvernement de Narendra Modi d'une diplomatie maritime proactive. Cette diplomatie est fondée sur l'établissement de partenariats bilatéraux et plurilatéraux sélectifs, dont bénéficie la France.
Les infrastructures électriques européennes entre transition et intégration : nouvelles vulnérabilités, nouvelles menaces
Authors: Palle Angélique
Published: July 2019

Résumé La double dynamique de transition énergétique et d'intégration européenne, en interconnectant les réseaux de transport d'électricité et en les ouvrant aux technologies numériques, accroît paradoxalement leur vulnérabilité, alors même qu'ils sont soumis à de nouveaux aléas et font l'objet de menaces physiques et cybernétiques. Ce contexte de forte mutation demande une prise de conscience des acteurs concernés, hors du seul domaine de la gestion technique de ces réseaux, qui ne peut être l'unique responsable de la définition du niveau de risque acceptable pour des infrastructures qui alimentent l'ensemble de notre économie et de nos sociétés. La définition, l'évaluation et la gestion concertée des risques encourus s'avèrent aujourd'hui des vecteurs majeurs et sous-exploités de la prévention et de la résolution des crises.
Implementation of Acceptance Commitment Therapy on a Mood Disorder Unit: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Moore Clifton , Hill James F. , Feinstein Christine , Pike Carrie , Delaney Kathleen R.
Published: July 2019

The current quality improvement project was conducted on an adult, short-term inpatient psychiatric unit to improve the consistency and structure of group sessions. The aim of the current project was the implementation of groups that were consistent with an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) framework. Following staff education and discussion, ACT focused groups were systematically introduced into patient schedules. Patient responses to groups were monitored by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II (AAQII) and patients' perception of the group experience. Data gathered indicated patients' positive perception of new group programming. Patients' AAQII scores showed a slight improvement, particularly psychological flexibility. Findings indicate ACT is an appropriate and useful framework for individuals hospitalized on inpatient psychiatric units. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(11), 22–27.]
Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences in Pediatric Primary Care: Pitfalls and Possibilities
Authors: Gillespie Robert J.
Published: July 2019

Addressing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in primary care pediatric practice is riddled with potential pitfalls that prevent most providers from implementing ACE or toxic stress screening in their practices. However, the growing body of literature and clinician experience about ACE screening shows how this practice is also ripe with possibilities beyond just the treatment of trauma-related diagnoses and for the prevention of intergenerational transmission of toxic stress. This article reviews the current state of screening for ACEs and toxic stress in practice, describes how pediatricians and clinics have overcome pitfalls during implementation of practice-based screening initiatives, and discusses possibilities for the future of primary care-based screening.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2019;48(7):e257–e261.]
Aortic root and valve proportions: an example of the golden ratio?
Authors: Koshkelashvili Nikoloz , Jalife Bucay Mauricio , Goykhman Igor , Pressman Gregg S.
Published: July 2019

Calcific aortic stenosis is the most common lesion requiring valve replacement. Transcutaneous procedures (TAVR) are rapidly increasing yet detailed information on aortic valve and root anatomy are sparse.  This study examined gated cardiac CT scans to make observations regarding the size and proportions of the valve leaflets, sinuses of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction. One hundred and fifty gated cardiac CT scans were performed for a variety of clinical indications. Area of each cusp (short axis plane) was measured along with sinus height (from leaflet base to sinotubular junction), sinus width (from central coaptation point to outer sinus edge), annular perimeter, perimeter at mid-sinus level, and perimeter at the sinotubular junction. The right coronary cusp was largest, the left cusp smallest, and the non-coronary cusp intermediate in size. Each cusp was larger in men than women, even after indexing for body surface area.  By contrast, indexed sinus width and height did not differ between genders. No significant differences were noted between races. Annular perimeter did not vary by age while the mid-sinus perimeter and sinotubular junction perimeter increased with age (p=0.01, r2 =0.05 and p=0.002, r2 =0.07).  Interestingly, the ratio of sinus height (average): annular radius was 1.69±0.18, very close to the “golden ratio” of 1.62 found throughout the natural world.  This might be important for proper vortex formation in the sinuses.
A National Survey of Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies Used to Teach Occupation: Implications for Signature Pedagogies
Authors: Krishnagiri Sheama , Hooper Barb , Price Pollie , Taff Steven D. , Bilics Andrea
Published: July 2019

Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners’ professional identities and distinctive contributions to health care connect essentially to their knowledge of occupation. Thus, the strategies educators use to convey occupation to students and the perspectives embedded in those strategies are critical topics for researchers.

Objective: To generalize findings from a previous qualitative study of how educators in 25 U.S. occupational therapy assistant and occupational therapy programs addressed occupation to a national sample of educators.

Design: As part of an exploratory sequential design, a national survey of U.S. occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant educators explored activities and strategies used to teach occupation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Setting: An online survey about educators’ practices in the academic education setting.

Participants: Occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant educators (N = 1,590) from all programs in the United States. Of these, 634 returned surveys, 315 of which were complete and included in the analysis, for an overall response rate of 19.8%.

Results: Respondents identified similar learning activities and instructional strategies as those identified in the qualitative phase of the design. Most instruction was active and experiential, requiring students to integrate various skills and content areas. Definitions of occupation, as a basis for teaching, varied.

Conclusions and Relevance: The combined survey and qualitative results offered initial empirical support for occupational therapy’s proposed signature pedagogies and the importance of attending to the deep and implicit structures within those pedagogies. Such structures are believed to support students’ formation of a professional identity and an occupational perspective.

What This Article Adds: This study provides evidence for the instructional strategies that educators use to convey knowledge of occupation to students. The predominant strategies support proposed signature pedagogies in occupational therapy: relational learning, affective learning, and highly contextualized active learning.
Biomass-burning and urban emission impacts in the Andes Cordillera region based on in-situ measurements from the Chacaltaya observatory, Bolivia (5240 m a.s.l.)
Authors: Aurélien Chauvigné , Aliaga Diego , Andrade Marcos , Ginot Patrick , Krejci Radovan , Močnik Griša , Montoux Nadège , Moreno Isabel , Müller Thomas , Pandolfi Marco , Sellegri Karine , Velarde Fernando , Wiedensohler Alfred , Weinhold Kay , Laj Paolo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present the variability of aerosol particle optical properties measured at the global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.). The in-situ mountain site is ideally located to study regional impacts of the densely populated urban area of La Paz/El Alto, and the intensive activity in the Amazonian basin. Four year measurements allow to study aerosol particle properties for distinct atmospheric conditions as stable and turbulent layers, different airmass origins, as well as for wet and dry seasons, including biomass-burning influenced periods. The absorption, scattering and extinction coefficients (median annual values of 0.74, 12.14 and 12.96 Mm−1 respectively) show a clear seasonal variation with low values during the wet season (0.57, 7.94 and 8.68 Mm−1 respectively) and higher values during the dry season (0.80, 11.23 and 14.51 Mm−1 respectively). These parameters also show a pronounced diurnal variation (maximum during daytime, minimum during night-time, as a result of the dynamic and convective effects of leading to lower atmospheric layers reaching the site during daytime. Retrieved intensive optical properties are significantly different from one season to the other, showing the influence of different sources of aerosols according to the season. Both intensive and extensive optical properties of aerosols were found to be different among the different atmospheric layers. The particle light absorption, scattering and extinction coefficients are in average 1.94, 1.49 and 1.55 times higher, respectively, in the turbulent layer compared to the stable layer. We observe that the difference is highest during the wet season and lowest during the dry season. Using wavelength dependence of aerosol particle optical properties, we discriminated contributions from natural (mainly mineral dust) and anthropogenic (mainly biomass-burning and urban transport or industries) emissions according to seasons and tropospheric layers. The main sources influencing measurements at CHC are arising from the urban area of La Paz/El Alto, and regional biomass-burning from the Amazonian basin. Results show a 28 % to 80 % increase of the extinction coefficients during the biomass-burning season with respect to the dry season, which is observed in both tropospheric layers. From this analyse, long-term observations at CHC provides the first direct evidence of the impact of emissions in the Amazonian basin on atmospheric optical properties far away from their sources, all the way to the stable layer.
Ultra-clean and smoky marine boundary layers frequently occur in
the same season over the southeast Atlantic
Authors: Pennypacker Sam , Diamond Michael , Wood Robert
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We study forty-one days with daily median surface accumulation mode aerosol particle concentrations below 50 cm−3 (ultra-clean conditions) observed at Ascension Island (7.9° S, 14.4° W) between June 2016 and October 2017 as part of the Layered Atlantic Smoke Interactions with Clouds (LASIC) campaign. Interestingly, these days occur during a period of great relevance for aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions, the southeast Atlantic (SEATL) biomass-burning season (approximately June–October). That means that these critical months can feature both the highest surface aerosol numbers, from smoke intrusion into the marine boundary layer, as well as the lowest. While carbon monoxide and refractory black carbon concentrations on ultra-clean days do not approach those on days with heavy smoke, they also frequently exceed background concentrations calculated in the non-burning season from December 2016–April 2017. This is evidence that even what become ultra-clean boundary layers can make contact with and entrain from an overlying SEATL smoke layer before undergoing a process of rapid aerosol removal. Because many ultra-clean and polluted boundary layers observed at Ascension Island follow similar isobaric back-trajectories, the variability in this entrainment is likely closely tied to the variability in the overlying smoke rather than large-scale horizontal circulation through the boundary layer. Finally, surface drizzle rates, frequencies and accumulation – as well as retrievals of liquid water path – all consistently tend toward higher values on ultra-clean days. This implicates enhanced coalescence scavenging in low clouds as the key driver of ultra-clean events in the southeast Atlantic marine boundary layer. These enhancements occur against and are likely mediated by the backdrop of a seasonal increase in daily mean cloud fraction and daily median liquid water path over ASI, peaking in September and October in both LASIC years. Therefore the seasonality in ultra-clean day occurrence seems directly linked to the seasonality in SEATL cloud properties. These results highlight the importance of two-way aerosol-cloud interactions in the region.
A Convolutional Neural Network for Classifying Cloud Particles Recorded by Imaging Probes
Authors: Touloupas Georgios , Lauber Annika , Henneberger Jan , Beck Alexander , Hofmann Thomas , Lucchi Aurélien
Published: July 2019

Abstract. During typical field campaigns, millions of cloud particle images are captured with imaging probes. Our interest lies in classifying these particles in order to compute the statistics needed for understanding clouds. Given the large volume of collected data, this raises the need for an automated classification approach. Traditional classification methods that require extracting features manually (e.g. decision trees and support vector machines) show reasonable performance when trained and tested on data coming from a unique dataset. However, they often have difficulties to generalize to test sets coming from other datasets where the distribution of the features might be significantly different. In practice, we found that each new dataset requires labeling a huge amount of data by hand using those methods. Convolutional neural networks have the potential to overcome this problem due to their ability to learn complex non-linear models directly from the images instead of pre-engineered features, as well as by relying on powerful regularization techniques. We show empirically that a convolutional neural network trained on cloud particles from holographic imagers generalizes well to unseen datasets. Moreover, fine-tuning the same network with a small number (256) of training images improves the classification accuracy. Thus, the automated classification with a convolutional neural network not only reduces the hand-labeling effort for new datasets but is also no longer the main error source for the classification of small particles.
Can morphological features of coccolithophores serve as a reliable proxy to reconstruct environmental conditions of the past?
Authors: Faucher Giulia , Riebesell Ulf , Bach Lennart Thomas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Morphological changes in coccoliths, tiny calcite platelets covering the outer surface of coccolithophores, can be the result of physiological responses to environmental changes. Coccoliths recovered from sedimentary successions may therefore provide information on paleo-environmental conditions prevailing at the time when the coccolithophores were alive. To calibrate the biomineralization responses of ancient coccolithophore to climatic changes studies often compared the biological responses of living coccolithophore species with paleo-data from calcareous nannofossils. However, there is uncertainty whether the morphological responses of living coccolithophores are representative for those of the fossilized ancestors. To investigate this, we cultured four living coccolithophore species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Coccolithus pelagicus subsp. braarudii, and Pleurochrysis carterae) that have been evolutionarily distinct for millions of years, exposed them to changing environmental conditions (i.e. changing light intensity, Mg / Ca ratio, nutrient availability, temperature and carbonate chemistry) and evaluated their responses in coccolith morphology (i.e. size, length, width, malformation). The motivation for this study was that if the species show the same morphological response to changes in any of the tested abiotic environmental factors, then there is a reason to assume that this response is conserved over geological timescales and that coccolith morphology can serve as a paleo-proxy for that specific factor. In contrast with this concept, we found that the four species responded differently to changing light intensity, Mg / Ca ratio, nutrient availability and temperature in terms of coccolith morphology. The lack of a common response reveals the difficulties in using coccolith morphology as a proxy for paleo-environmental conditions. However, a common response was observed under changing seawater carbonate chemistry (i.e. rising CO2) which consistently induced malformations. This commonality provides some confidence that malformations found in the sedimentary record could be indicative for high CO2 levels.
Modelling northern peatland area and carbon dynamics since the Holocene with the ORCHIDEE-PEAT land surface model (SVN r5488)
Authors: Qiu Chunjing , Zhu Dan , Ciais Philippe , Guenet Bertrand , Peng Shushi , Krinner Gerhard , Tootchi Ardalan , Ducharne Agnès , Hastie Adam
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The importance of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle has been
recognized, especially for long-term changes. Yet, the complex interactions
between climate and peatland hydrology, carbon storage, and area dynamics
make it challenging to represent these systems in land surface models. This
study describes how peatlands are included as an independent sub-grid
hydrological soil unit (HSU) in the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model. The
peatland soil column in this tile is characterized by multilayered vertical
water and carbon transport and peat-specific hydrological properties. The
cost-efficient version of TOPMODEL and the scheme of peatland initiation and
development from the DYPTOP model are implemented and adjusted to simulate
spatial and temporal dynamics of peatland. The model is tested across a
range of northern peatland sites and for gridded simulations over the
Northern Hemisphere (>30∘ N). Simulated northern
peatland area (3.9 million km2), peat carbon stock (463 Pg C), and peat
depth are generally consistent with observed estimates of peatland area (3.4–4.0 million km2), peat carbon (270–540 Pg C), and data compilations
of peat core depths. Our results show that both net primary production (NPP)
and heterotrophic respiration (HR) of northern peatlands increased over the
past century in response to CO2 and climate change. NPP increased more
rapidly than HR, and thus net ecosystem production (NEP) exhibited a
positive trend, contributing a cumulative carbon storage of 11.13 Pg C since
1901, most of it being realized after the 1950s.
HCLIM38: A flexible regional climate model applicable for different climate zones from coarse to convection permitting scales
Authors: Belušić Danijel , de Vries Hylke , Dobler Andreas , Landgren Oskar , Lind Petter , Lindstedt David , Pedersen Rasmus A. , Sánchez-Perrino Juan Carlos , Toivonen Erika , van Ulft Bert , Wang Fuxing , Andrae Ulf , Batrak Yurii , Kjellström Erik , Lenderink Geert , Nikulin Grigory , Pietikäinen Joni-Pekka , Rodríguez-Camino Ernesto , Samuelsson Patrick , van Meijgaard Erik , Wu Minchao
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a new version of HCLIM, a regional climate modelling system based on the ALADIN-HIRLAM numerical weather prediction (NWP) system. HCLIM uses atmospheric physics packages from three NWP model configurations, HARMONIE-AROME, ALARO and ALADIN, which are designed for use at different horizontal resolutions. The main focus of HCLIM is convection permitting climate modelling, i.e. developing the climate version of HARMONIE-AROME. In HCLIM, the ALADIN and ALARO physics packages are used for coarser resolutions where convection needs to be parameterized. Here we describe the structure, development and performance of the current recommended HCLIM version, cycle 38. HCLIM38 is a new system for regional climate modelling and it is being used in a number of national and international projects over different domains and climates, ranging from equatorial to polar regions. Our initial evaluation indicates that HCLIM38 is applicable in different conditions and provides satisfactory results without additional region-specific tuning. HCLIM is developed by a consortium of national meteorological institutes in close collaboration with the ALADIN-HIRLAM NWP model development. While the current HCLIM cycle has considerable differences in model setup compared to the NWP version (primarily in the description of the surface), it is planned for the next cycle release that the two versions will use a very similar setup. This will ensure a feasible and timely climate model development and updates in the future and provide evaluation of long-term model biases to both NWP and climate model developers.
A Source for Ralph Waldo Emerson's “Terminus” in William Henry Furness's “To Columbus Dying”
Authors: Dunston Susan Lee
Published: July 2019

William Henry Furness's translation of Danish writer Adam Oehlenschläger's verses “To Columbus Dying” has not been considered as a source for Ralph Waldo Emerson's poem “Terminus.” However, in an 1844 letter to Emerson, two years before the 1846 journal passage that scholars have cited as the earliest formulation of “Terminus,” Furness shared his translation with Emerson. Using the collection of letters between Furness and Emerson published by Furness's son, Records of Lifelong Friendship, 1807–1882, this article argues for the influential importance of Furness's verses to the composition of “Terminus” based on Furness's and Emerson's intimate discussions of aging, mortality, the loss of sons and other family members, and the restorative powers of poetry and friendship; on the significance to both men of Columbus as a figure, ultimately transfigured by Emerson as a “Columbia of thought & art”; and, on close comparison of the two poems, for Furness's work serving as a foil and impetus for Emerson's.
“Twilight Is Their Child”: Uncollected Poems, Letters, and a Short Story by Paul Laurence Dunbar
Authors: Turpin Zachary
Published: July 2019

Widely considered the first major black American poet, Paul Laurence Dunbar dedicated his short life to writing on both sides of the color line. He was a prolific author of traditional verse and prose, much of it about the post-Reconstruction lives of African Americans, but it was his black dialect poetry that made Dunbar a household name at the turn of the century, especially among white readers. A sensitive portraitist of black life, Dunbar left a legacy that is nevertheless complicated by his occasional use of minstrelsy, his criticisms of his own race, and his competing commitments to white readers and black culture. The following uncollected works, reprinted here for the first time, exemplify these not-entirely-reconcilable sides of Dunbar even as they strengthen his reputation as an advocate for African Americans at the turn of the century. Dunbar's life and works resolutely refuse pigeonholing; with these recent recoveries at their disposal, readers may continue to approach Dunbar as a complicated but culturally central American artist.
Configuración de los modelos de la calidad educativa en Centroamérica: Perspectiva de estudio crítica
Authors: Salazar Mónica E. , Paz Carla Leticia
Published: July 2019

El fenómeno de la calidad educativa tiende a ser estudiado en Centroamérica desde enfoques cuantitativos de investigación, pues se equipara a indicadores de rendimiento. En este ensayo, se propone estudiar críticamente la categoría de la «calidad educativa» como «prácticas y discursos», es decir, como «modelos » estructurados sociohistóricamente que se cristalizan en políticas, programas y planes educativos nacionales. En la primera parte del ensayo, argumentaremos que el hito socio histórico medular a estudiar son las reformas educativas a finales de los años 80 y principios de los 90 y sus políticas vinculadas a la promoción de la calidad educativa. En la segunda parte, desarrollaremos el constructo «proceso de formación de políticas educativas», pues constituye el pilar de nuestra estrategia teórico-metodológica. En este sentido, mostraremos porqué los análisis de Edwards son útiles para comprender la influencia de los organismos internacionales sobre los sistemas educativos en la región, en tanto dinámicas de poder; y los de Apple para entender la influencia del contexto nacional político, económico y cultural sobre lo que se va a entender y practicar como calidad de la educación en el istmo, en tanto ideología. Siendo la propuesta analítica de Antoni Verger la que en alguna medida concilia ambas perspectivas.
Thorns into Gold: Contemporary Jewish American Responses to Antisemitism in Traditional Fairy Tales
Authors: Schanoes Veronica
Published: July 2019

This essay considers the responses of Jewish writers to the antisemitic fairy tale “The Jew in the Thornbush,” as well as to readings that locate antisemitism in “Rumpelstiltskin,” by analyzing four contemporary stories by Jewish writers Naomi Novik, Veronica Schanoes, and Jane Yolen. Jewish writers are able to destabilize the dominant paradigm of the Grimms’ fairy tales by demonstrating its cultural specificity. I argue that the tension that is thereby generated enacts the ambiguity characteristic of American Jewish identities, using the impetus of exclusion to fashion a response that casts the genre itself in a new light.
Reducing Disturbance in Parking System by Using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Method
Authors: Razik Muhammad Ashlyzan , Nawi Noorshella Che , Mokhtar Asrul Hery Ibrahim Dzulkifli , Rozar Norlinda Mohd
Published: July 2019

This paper purposed is to apply Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for Parking System Improvement at Taman Bendahara from perspective of customers. The main issue for the QFD problem was from the ‘what’ the customer requirement and ‘how’ to implement the problem to solutions. These two components emphasized on the House of Quality (HOQ) matrices. For this research, a systematic procedure is used in QFD method by applying a factor analysis and correlation Spearman. Factor analysis is the best group identified from the data and reduced the unused items. As for the correlation Spearman, it was used in order to see the relationship and strength of each factor. The result in this research identified four best group criteria which are availability, layout and design, safety and access point. These four criteria indicate the main improvement needed for parking system. By using the QFD method, the management of parking system at Taman Bendahara should listen to the customers’ voice to seek a solution for these issues. This study proposed strategy can be applied for others management to identify the solution for parking problems.
Application of Plated Rubber System (PRESS) for Rubber Identification
Authors: Redzuan Razman Hafifi , Ibrahim Mohamed Dahlan , Mohamad Mohd Rosli , Hussein Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Rubber prices are influenced by several factors including supply and demand especially from countries who are major rubber producers and consumers as well the growth rate of the world economy. High rubber prices increase the incidence of rubber theft, thus forcing the owners to build hut and camp in their rubber estates to prevent such occurrence. Rubber theft becomes prevalent not only at night but also in the broad daylight as the commodity price increases. From the survey, it has been noted that more than 10 incidents of theft have been reported within 15 days. Plated Rubber System (PRESS) was developed to imprint an identification entity on rubber that leads to identifying the ownership. With the invention of this system, the stolen number of rubber can be reduced because each rubber smallholders has their personal serial identification plate. The main objective PRESS is to establish an identification of rubber, helping to reduce the theft of rubber at farm level as well as to curb the sale of stolen rubber. In addition, it can be used to regulate the quality of rubber produced by smallholders and developing a database profile of rubber smallholders. The finding shows that the respondent agreed that the innovation of PRESS may help them to reduce the prevalence of rubber theft and increase the good practice of plantation management that leads to greater efficiency and productivity.
The Revival of Mudharabah Contract: A Proposed Framework
Authors: Tahrim Siti Nurzahira Che , Muhammad Mohd Zulkifli , Rosdi Mohd Syakir Mohd , Yusoff Mohd Nor Hakimin , Musa Azizah , Din Noormariana Mohd
Published: July 2019

Mudharabah is a profit-sharing partnership agreement of a business venture to carry out economic activities. Despite its potential socioeconomic benefits to the parties involved and to the society, the application of mudharabah is limited to engineered Islamic finance products which transform the conventional financial products into Shari’ah-compliant ones. We argue that, in order to realise the mudharabah true potentials, among others, the mudharabah contract needs to be revived. The purpose of this study is to propose a framework in reviving the mudharabah contract between the sahibul mal (capital provider/investor) and the mudharib (entrepreneur). The research methods used in this study are library research and content analysis. As a result, agency theory is recognised to be very relevant to the mudharabah contract. To revive the mudharabah contract, tahaluf concept (Islamic treaty with compliance with Shari’ah) is identified as the most suitable concept to be adopted. This proposed framework serves as guidance in formulating the data collection strategy from different perspectives i.e. from sahibul mal, mudharib, Shari’ah advisors and academicians.
Influence of Marketing Mix Strategy in Insurance Business: The Case of Kota Bharu
Authors: Rusuli M.S. Che , Ruwaida R. , Noraani M. , Takala J. , Nizamuddin M.
Published: July 2019

Malaysia has experience a low penetration for Takaful business despite many growing operators in insurance industry. After 25 years in operation, it is time that Takaful industry is evaluated in terms of its performance. This study provides better understanding on Takaful customer satisfaction in a case of Kota Bharu. Population of this study are customers who have subscribing family Takaful plans in selected Takaful operator at least one years’ experience based on convenience sampling method. A total of 196 questionnaires were distributed and 163 questionnaires were returned. Therefore, this study revealed that the Product, Pricing, Promotion, People and Process towards Takaful operator were positively influence customer satisfaction. Finally, the study found that the Process indicates as the most critical factor that influences customer satisfaction toward Takaful Operator.
Relação entre o grau de severidade de queimadas e focos de calor no município de São Pedro do Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Costa Grenda Juara Alves , Monte Lucas Almeida , Albuquerque Emanuel Lindemberg Silva
Published: July 2019

O estudo objetiva avaliar a relação entre o grau de severidade de queimadas e os focos de calor no município de São Pedro do Piauí, estado do Piauí, a partir do índice espectral NDBR (Índice de Queimada Normalizada), considerando o recorte temporal de 2006 a 2016. Os procedimentos metodológicos contemplam revisão bibliográfica e aquisição da base cartográfica do recorte espacial e temporal da pesquisa. Utilizou-se os registros dos focos de calor obtidos no Banco de Dados de Queimadas (BDQueimadas – INPE) e imagens de satélites obtidas na USGS (United States Geological Survey), dos anos de 2006 e 2016, no intuito de calcular o índice espectral NBR (Índice de Queimada Normalizada). Constatou-se um total de 4.857 focos de calor na área em análise, sendo que há uma predominância dos registros no segundo semestre do ano, particularmente entre os meses de julho a dezembro, sendo que o ápice é o mês de outubro. Ao considerar o índice espectral NDBR, utilizando como referência o mês de agosto de 2006 e 2016, o município de São Pedro do Piauí não teve setores classificados com: alta moderada severidade, alta severidade e nem anomalias, sendo que boa parte do município foi classificada com alta regeneração.
Causes, Consequences and Impact of the Great Leap Forward in China
Authors: Jung Hsiung-Shen , Chen Jui-Lung
Published: July 2019

The founding of the People’s Republic of China did not put an end to the political struggle of the Communist Party of China (CPC), whose policies on economic development still featured political motivation. China launched the Great Leap Forward Movement from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, in hope of modernizing its economy. Why this movement was initiated and how it evolved subsequently were affected by manifold reasons, such as the aspiration to rapid revolutionary victory, the mistakes caused by highly centralized decision-making, and the impact exerted by the Soviet Union. However, the movement was plagued by the nationwide famine that claimed tens of millions of lives. Thus, fueled by the Forging Ahead Strategy advocated by Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward that was influenced by political factors not only ended up with utter failure, but also deteriorated the previously sluggish economy to such an extent that the future economic, political and social development was severely damaged. This study will explore the causes, consequences and impact of the Great Leap Forward in China.
Fashion Designers and National Identity: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Chinese and Korean Fashion Designers
Authors: Sun Chenhao , Ha Jisoo
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to observe the similarities and differences between contemporary Chinese and Korean fashion designers in understanding the concept of national identity. To achieve this objective, the literature review and in-depth interview were conducted. The results are as follows: Firstly, the model that interprets the influence factors of designers’ awareness of national identity was built. Under the social background of national identity, including governmental role, features of culture, openness of social system and the international and economic status, features of fashion and fashion designers influence on national identity expressed in designers’ fashion works. Secondly, three main similarities between fashion designers’ awareness have been found. The first is that both Chinese and Korean fashion designers emphasize broader regional concept about national identity; the second is that influence of national identity is subtle and not obvious; the third is that fashion designers have mixed consciousness of self-identity and national identity. Thirdly, there are three main differences between Chinese and Korean fashion designers’ awareness. The first is that the adoption of ethnic national identity in fashion design is more related to the traditional ethnic elements in Chinese while modern elements were favored more by Korean. The second is that Chinese designers as a whole showed a deeper comprehension of traditional ethnic culture or philosophy than Korean designers do. The third is that more solid and positive attitude toward the government caused Chinese designers to have a more intensive civic national identity.