bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Die ukrainische Sprache klingt so melodisch, so wohltönig wie der Gesang einer Nachtigall“
Authors: Rothstein Björn , Firstein Angelina , Koczy Joana , Sylejmani Lena , Ivanytska Maria , Materynska Olena
Published: August 2024

How do you find and justify your favorite word? What types of metalinguistic activities do speakers use and how do they compare their favorite word with other words? And above all: What significance does it have and must it have when one’s own language and culture are in danger? In the summer of 2022, we asked 70 students to explain their favorite Ukrainian word with a short essay. Using qualitative content analysis, the article analyzes how these Ukrainian and German-speaking students justify their favorite Ukrainian words. It is found that family and private reasons play a special role in the choice of a favorite word.
Formulation and Evaluation of Budesonide-loaded Nanosponges for Colon-specific Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kapadne Chetana , Birari Sourabh , Gulecha Vishal , Shinde Anita , Sambare Aishwarya , Kshirsagar Sanjay
Published: August 2024

Background: The purpose of this work was to complex budesonide with cyclodextrin-based nanosponges to improve its solubility and stability. The current study focused on polysaccharide systems that have undergone minimal chemical alteration and have been used to target the colon. These targeted delivery and polysaccharide-based complexation methods are anticipated to aid in the creation of medication formulations for disorders affecting the colon, such as colorectal cancer. The goal of the current work was to use a Quality by Design (QbD) strategy to create budesonide-loaded nanosponges. The system consisted of nanosponges loaded with budesonide.

Methods: Nanosponges were formulated through microwave-assisted synthesis. Studies on drug release were conducted with a method changing power of hydrogen (pH) with enzyme. Quality by Design-based optimization with a 32 full factorial design was applied for the optimization of the process parameters including the β-cyclodextrin:diphenyl carbonate ratio and the reaction time. Responses were measured for three dependent variables: practical yield, percentage drug release, and percentage drug release at the fifth hour.

Results and Conclusions: The optimization model indicated a yield of 76.21%, a percentage drug release at the fifth hour of 24.61%, and a total drug release after 7 hours of 87.58%. The observed responses of the optimized process closely matched the predicted values. The above budesonide-loaded nanosponge formulations provide a targeted medicine for the colon and may be an effective method for treating colonic illness.
Oropouche Virus: More Questions than Answers
Authors: Jurado-Cobena Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Oropouche virus (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is an arthropod-borne virus that infects several species of animals and humans, primarily in South America. Despite being described as a human pathogen >60 years ago, little progress has been made towards describing the ecologic and pathologic characteristics of this pathogen. However, with recent viral spread northward reaching Haiti and Cuba, oropouche virus has been receiving more attention, as evidenced by the growing number of relevant research articles. This commentary provides a summary of the potential natural reservoirs and expansion of endemic regions within the context of One Health. The clinical aspects of the human infection are revisited and discussed based on the latest evidence. Moreover, research on the molecular virology and pathology is briefly reviewed, highlighting unanswered questions crucial for a comprehensive understanding of this viral disease, which imposes a significant burden on affected populations.
Synchronized Photoactivation of T4K Rhodopsin Causes a Chromophore-Dependent Retinal Degeneration That Is Moderated by Interaction with Phototransduction Cascade Components
Authors: Tam Beatrice M. , Burns Paloma , Chiu Colette N. , Moritz Orson L.
Published: August 2024

Multiple mutations in theRhodopsingene cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in humans and a corresponding light-exacerbated retinal degeneration (RD) in animal models. Previously we have shown that T4K rhodopsin requires photoactivation to exert its toxic effect. Here we further investigated the mechanisms involved in rod cell death caused by T4K rhodopsin in mixed male and femaleXenopus laevis. In this model, RD was prevented by rearing animals in constant darkness but surprisingly also in constant light. RD was maximized by light cycles containing at least 1 h of darkness and 20 min of light exposure, light intensities >750 lux, and by a sudden light onset. Under conditions of frequent light cycling, RD occurred rapidly and synchronously, with massive shedding of ROS fragments into the RPE initiated within hours and subsequent death and phagocytosis of rod cell bodies. RD was minimized by reduced light levels, pretreatment with constant light, and gradual light onset. RD was prevented by genetic ablation of the retinal isomerohydrolase RPE65 and exacerbated by ablation of phototransduction components GNAT1, SAG, and GRK1. Our results indicate that photoactivated T4K rhodopsin is toxic, that cell death requires synchronized photoactivation of T4K rhodopsin, and that toxicity is mitigated by interaction with other rod outer segment proteins regardless of whether they participate in activation or shutoff of phototransduction. In contrast, RD caused by P23H rhodopsin does not require photoactivation of the mutant protein, as it was exacerbated by RPE65 ablation, suggesting that these phenotypically similar disorders may require different treatment strategies.
Fantasies of Musical Inscription
Authors: Georgallas Virginia
Published: August 2024

In 1747 John Creed’s proposal for a “Machine that shall write Extempore Voluntaries” was presented to the Royal Society. A transcriptive device with rotating cylinders and steel pencils, the “fantasy machine,” as it has since come to be called, sought to inscribe and store the effusions of keyboard improvisations in real time. Musicological accounts of this machine have typically focused on its ostensible objective (almost always judged to have missed its mark) to record the fleeting improvisations of musical genius, undistorted by memory or later composerly reflection. But at the heart of Creed’s quest to delineate what he called the “minutest Particles of Sound” were rather the “intelligible Characters” that appeared via a mechanized process of inscription. This article argues that Creed’s preoccupation with character and line makes visible a version of knowing through and about music—about how sound could be conceived, captured, and communicated—that shaped perhaps the foundational concept in discourse about music for the next two hundred years: style. In the eighteenth century, style and stilus—manner and tool, expression and technology—were inextricable. The mechanical experiments of Creed and his contemporaries, the music of C. P. E. Bach, and the widely read theories of William Hogarth chart an understanding of inscriptive-semiotic matter that was premised on the intertwined workings of body and tool. This mid-eighteenth-century moment, I argue, reveals a foundational stylistic materialism in which style was not yet in the service of the biocultural taxonomies of nineteenth-century modernity, but indexed instead a more ambiguous and generative convergence of the syntactical, typographical, and corporeal—a complex nexus of tools, instruments, bodies, and techniques.
Reality TV? Leontyne Price, the NBC Tosca, and the Civil Rights Movement
Authors: Ward-Griffin Danielle
Published: August 2024

This article examines television and its approach to opera casting practices during the civil rights movement. In particular, I trace the impact of NBC’s “Integration without Identification” hiring policy upon the NBC Opera Theatre in the 1950s. Focusing on the appearances of Leontyne Price, I argue that television—particularly its aesthetic of “realism”—influenced the perception of her performances, and by extension ideas of who could credibly perform roles in the standard repertory. Claims of realism have often limited Black singers’ opportunities in opera, but this article challenges the frequent equation of realism with traditional casting practices by showing the many ways in which opera was received as real in the early years of television.

The locus of the study is Price’s portrayal of the title role in Tosca (NBC 1955). I analyze how the camerawork, production choices, and the singer’s acting all contributed to Price’s depiction being acclaimed as “realistic” by the press. Using internal memos and reports from the network, I also show how the realism of Price’s performance, opposite a white romantic male lead, was judged, not according to whether it aligned with the opera’s plot, but whether it reflected the individual viewer’s own perspective on contemporary American reality. The article concludes by considering how Price’s TV performances may offer lessons for our present moment, as the opera industry seeks to reform its casting policies and eliminate systemic inequities.
“Every Living Thing”
Authors: Harrison Timothy M.
Published: August 2024

John Milton’s Paradise Lost is shaped by an implicit theory of life. In Milton’s view, the mark of the living is the capacity to endeavor, the ability to strive in phenomenally available and self-exceeding ways. This essay examines how Milton reworks ancient and early modern ideas about life in order both to develop a concept of endeavor and to represent the activity of endeavoring.
Blank Chance and the Undrawn Emblem
Authors: Barret J. K.
Published: August 2024

This essay uses Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene (1596) and George Wither’s A Collection of Emblemes, Ancient and Moderne (1635) to investigate the contingencies that fictions can harbor and the ethical demands of the cocreative reading practices they host. Wither’s Collection includes an innovative “lotterie” game that involves twenty-four poems that do not correspond to any emblem. I trace the uninstantiated possibilities enabled by the inclusion of these “blank chances” in light of early modern poetry’s developing interest in contingency.
The worldwide survival rate of total hip arthroplasties is improving: a systematic comparative analysis using worldwide hip arthroplasty registers
Authors: Clar Clemens , Leitner Lukas , Koutp Amir , Hauer Georg , Rasic Laura , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of the worldwide survival rate of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The hypothesis was that survival improved over the last decade in worldwide arthroplasty registers.

Methods

THA registers were screened in 2022 and compared between different countries with respect to the number of primary implantations per inhabitant, age, fixation type, and survival rate, and compared to similar data from 2009. The data from these reports were analyzed in terms of number, age distribution, and procedure type of primary THAs. Survival curves and a comparative analysis with respect to the development over time were calculated.

Results

We identified nine hip arthroplasty registers that contained sufficient data to be included. A large variation was found in the annual number of primary THA implantations per inhabitant, with more than the factor 4 for all age groups across regions. The procedure type varied strongly as well, e.g. in Sweden, 50% were cemented THAs, whereas in Emilia-Romagna (Italy), 96% of THAs were implanted cementless. We found an improved survival rate of 5%, with 90% of survival after 15 years in the cohorts from 2021 compared to 85% in the cohorts from 2009.

Conclusion

The present study revealed a significant improvement in the survival of THA in worldwide arthroplasty registers within different countries and regions over the period of one decade. We believe that it is safe to state that the success of THA is still rising with respect to this main outcome.
Reseña de La alquimia de la bestia
Authors: Vargas Mena Emilio
Published: August 2024

This is a review of the novel written by Luis Diego Guillén, La alquimia de la bestia (The Beast’s Alchemy), winner of the National Prize of Literature in 2016, edited by URUK editors in San José, Costa Rica,in the same year. The novel consists of 512 pages and has the ISBN 978-9930-526-22-4.
Lignin data bank: A key to clarifying aromatic structure–performance relationships
Authors: Tofani Giorgio , Jasiukaityte-Grojzdek Edita , Likozar Blaž
Published: August 2024

Lignin, a subject of extensive study in academies and industries, is known for its natural abundance, biodegradability, and potential to be transformed into biochemicals and biomaterials. However, the original biomass and extraction treatments, such as kraft pulping and the organosolv process, significantly influence its chemical structure, leading to variations in reactivity. Unfortunately, many scientific publications fail to provide comprehensive lignin property descriptions, which hampers experiment reproducibility and literature comparison. This, in turn, hinders fundamental studies and scientific advancements. This editorial aims to address this issue by advocating for including lignin characteristics in scientific papers when possible.
Nanosensors based on lignocellulosic materials
Authors: Dalkilic Berk , Durmaz Ekrem , Oncul Bartu , Candan Zeki
Published: August 2024

In recent years, lignocellulosic materials have become regarded as attractive and noteworthy natural resources owing to their renewability, recyclability, easy processability, abundance, biodegradability, and low cost. The developments in nanotechnology have opened new doors in the field of bio-based nanosensor technology, which is utilized in electronics, optical products, communication, automotive, packaging, tissue engineering, biomedical, textile, etc. This paper mainly focuses on the usage of lignocellulosic materials in nanosensors.
Adopción de pronunciamientos internacionales en la formación de contadores en universidades peruanas
Authors: Diaz-Becerra Oscar Alfredo
Published: August 2024

Objective: To analyze the extent to which the International Training Pronouncements have been incorporated into the profile of the graduate and the study plans of the Accounting program in Peruvian universities. Methods: The research was conducted using a descriptive and non-experimental design, applying content analysis techniques to the profile of the graduate and the study plans of a population and sample of 62 Peruvian universities offering degrees in Accounting, without excluding any units. Data analysis involved classifying into three categories, processed using Excel. Results: It is evident that there is a lack of timely updates in the majority of graduate profiles and study plans analyzed, as well as limited incorporation of technical competencies and professional skills required by the International Training Pronouncements. Conclusion: The absence of timely updates to graduate profiles and study plans in the Accounting program negatively impacts the provision of quality education, aligned with employer demands, as well as the insufficient incorporation of technical competencies and professional skills required by international standards.
Editorial
Authors: Rodríguez Cairo Vladimir
Published: August 2024

Con entusiasmo renovado y un firme compromiso con la excelencia académica, presentamos la edición número 67 del volumen 32 de la revista Quipukamayoc para el primer semestre de 2024. Desde su fundación en 1993 por el Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Financieras y Contables de la Facultad de Ciencias Contables de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Quipukamayoc se ha consolidado como una fuente vital de conocimiento y avance en las áreas de contabilidad, economía, finanzas y negocios.
Gastroparesis: guidelines for effective management
Authors: Queiroz Sander Bruno , Pereira Godinho Marcus Vinícius , Lopes Araujo Ana Paula , Raboni Palma Luiz Gustavo , Aparecida Corrêa Josiane , de Oliveira Rafaela Moreira Paula , de Lima Gomes Thalita , Batalha da Silva Mariana , Santana Neto José Benício , Mesquita Adalberto Amorim , dos Santos Oscar Capistrano , Seabra Rodrigues André Luis , Batista Junior Robson Clementino , Sanchez Rosado Jorge John , Perazzo Valadares Danielle Cavalcanti , Fernandes Sâmia Everuza Ferreira , Martins de Campos Karina , Salazar Hinojosa Jhankarla , Campos Canelas Andersen Luiz , Veiga Raña Larissa , Aguiar Sander Hadrianne
Published: August 2024

This article presents a narrative literature review on gastroparesis, exposing epidemiological data, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical signs, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, as well as providing guidelines for the effective management of this disorder. It was seen that the diagnosis of gastroparesis depends on the recognition of late gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction and that the current treatment options for gastroparesis are limited and consist of a combination of lifestyle, dietary supplements, medications, alternative and complementary therapy, endoscopic therapy and surgical therapy. Despite the limitations involved in the treatment of gastroparesis, it is believed that these difficulties should be addressed as the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder expands. In addition, a combination of approaches (ie, basic research, clinical investigation and controlled clinical trials) is necessary to provide patient care in these conditions.
Trichotillomania: a mini review
Authors: Sheikh Akber , Godil Asim
Published: August 2024

Trichotillomania is a chronic psychiatric illness that is cognitively debilitating with the potential to be life threatening. Classified as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder, it is more prevalent among younger and female patients. Clinicians must complete a thorough psychiatric evaluation to screen for co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Gastrointestinal blockages must also be screened for in patients who present with abdominal symptoms. Trichotillomania is best treated via behavioural therapy with a focus on habit reversal therapy, with limited agreement on pharmacotherapy options.
Unilateral spinal anesthesia with hypobaric bupivacaine for regularization of the right lower limb amputation stump: a case report with video
Authors: Imbelloni, MD, PhD Luiz Eduardo , Calaça Rivoli, MD Anna Lúcia , Neto, MD, PhD Sylvio Valença de Lemos , Cristina Pinho, MD Ana , Casali, MD, PhD Tolomeu AA , Fernando Carneiro, MD, MSc, PhD Antonio
Published: August 2024

Background: Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of lower limb amputation (LEA), being is associated with a high risk of postoperative mortality. Several studies have shown that the type of anesthesia did not significantly affect mortality or morbidity after LEA. In a literature search, no study was found comparing general anesthesia and unilateral spinal anesthesia. We will show a case of a patient, operated under unilateral spinal anesthesia with 5 mg of 0.15% hypobaric bupivacaine, in left lateral decubitus to regularize the stump of an amputation of the right lower limb. Case report: Woman aged 70 years, 66 kg, 160 cm, physical status ASA III, with type I diabetes controlled with insulin and systemic arterial hypertension. Patient underwent amputation two months ago and admitted for regularization of the stump of the amputation. Laboratory tests and chest X-ray and ECG were normal. After signing the informed consent form and a detailed explanation of the anesthetic technique for the patient and her family, and unilateral spinal anesthesia with hypobaric bupivacaine solution is being proposed. Routine monitoring and venoclysis with a 20G catheter. Abbreviation for CHO fasting. Sedation with 50 μg of fentanyl and 1 mg of midazolam. In left lateral decubitus, the L3-L4 interspace was punctured with 27G Quincke and after the appearance of CSF, 5 mg of 0.15% hypobaric bupivacaine was injected, remaining in this position for 10 minutes. The sensory and motor blockade was restricted to the limb to be operated and the patient was placed in the supine position for the surgical procedure. The procedure lasted 40 minutes and was taken to the PACU, and after 200 ml CHO and the end of the block, she was taken to the room. Conclusion: The technique provided great cardiocirculatory stability and patient satisfaction as there was no degree of blockage in the contralateral limb. Discharged from hospital on the 2nd postoperative day.
Study the efficacy of ProBC plus (bacillus coagulans LMG S-31876) among the participants through evaluating protein absorption & GI symptoms: a prospective, randomize control clinical trial
Authors: Bhattacharya Mayuri Banerjee , Kallur Ranjith Kumar , Madapati Sreenadh , Mathur Ankita , Bhattacharya Sourish
Published: August 2024

Background: Globally, the probiotics are often defined as live microorganisms that provide various health benefits. One such probiotic strain is Bacillus Coagulans, which has emerged as a promising strain for its role in the enhancing protein absorption that is a critical component of overall nutritional health. Methodology: The current study is a randomized control clinical trial to test the efficacy of probiotic ProBC Plus (Bacillus Coagulans LMG S-31876) product for 8 weeks. This double-blind, randomized control study, the two parallel groups having 14 individuals in test group and 16 individuals in the placebo group were monitored closely. Furthermore, major GI symptoms as well as protein absorption over 8 weeks was observed. Results: ProBC Plus (Bacillus Coagulans LMG S-31876) did not aggravate or have any adverse effects on GI disorders/symptoms during the course of consumptions and outcome was statistically significant. Furthermore, the study shows a average urine urea nitrogen among the test group was statistically significant when compare with placebo group and within the normal reference range. Thus, ProBC Plus (Bacillus Coagulans LMG S-31876) has the potential to optimize protein utilization efficiently. Conclusion: Research reveals that ProBC Plus (Bacillus Coagulans LMG S-31876) not only enhances protein absorption but also promotes better overall digestive health.
Зв’язок між мікробіомом кишечника та розвитком нейродегенеративних захворювань (огляд)
Authors: Широбоков Володимир Павлович , Димент Галина Семенівна
Published: August 2024

Огляд присвячено зв’язку мікробіома людини з розвитком нейродегенеративної патології. Сьогодні мікробіом розглядають як додатковий орган людини, який бере активну участь у травленні, метаболічних процесах, підтриманні цілісності епітеліального бар’єра, зміцненні імунної системи тощо. Останніми роками отримано значну кількість переконливих доказів величезного потенціалу дії мікробіома на різні процеси в організмі людини, зокрема його впливу на поведінку та біохімію мозку. Тонкі механізми розвитку й патогенезу різних форм нейродегенеративної патології поки що повністю не розшифровано, проте результати численних досліджень підтверджують участь кишкового мікробіома в підтриманні здоров'я мозку, а також вказують на тригерну роль порушеної осі «кишечник — мікробіом — мозок» у розвитку нейродегенеративної патології. На думку фахівців, профілактика порушення і відновлення мікробіома з використанням окремих видів пробіотиків та інших засобів мікробіомної терапії може стати одним з інструментів профілактики нейродегенеративних захворювань і важливим компонентом комплексних схем лікування хворих.
Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Dunn Shannon B. , Whittington Julie R.
Published: August 2024

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) poses a significant challenge in perinatal care due to its high mortality rates and diverse etiologies. This comprehensive review examines the pathophysiology, etiology, antenatal diagnosis and management, postnatal care, and outcomes of NIHF. NIHF arises from numerous underlying pathologies, including genetic disorders, cardiovascular causes, and fetal infections, with advances in diagnostic techniques improving identification rates. Management strategies include termination of pregnancy for severe cases and fetal therapy for selected treatable etiologies, and neonatal care involves assessing and treating fluid collections and identifying underlying causes. Prognosis depends on factors such as gestational age at diagnosis and the extent of resuscitation needed, with challenges remaining in improving outcomes for affected infants.
Understanding Obstetrical Surgical Planning for the Pediatrician
Authors: Schuyler Amelia Q. , Koch Frances R. , Goodier Christopher G.
Published: August 2024

Cesarean deliveries are common in the United States, occurring in approximately one-third of deliveries in 2021. Given this high rate of cesarean deliveries, it is important for all clinicians caring for the pregnant person–infant dyad to be educated about cesarean deliveries. In this review, we describe the indications for cesarean delivery, the evidence-based practices of preoperative planning to ensure safe deliveries, and the clinical decision-making behind various cesarean incisions. In addition, we discuss the most common complications of cesarean deliveries for the pregnant person–infant dyad.
Disparities in Access to Timely Waitlisting Among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Candidates
Authors: Maclay Lindsey M. , Yu Miko , Amaral Sandra , Adler Joel T. , Sandoval P. Rodrigo , Ratner Lloyd E. , Schold Jesse D. , Mohan Sumit , Husain Syed Ali
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Kidney transplantation with minimal or no dialysis exposure provides optimal outcomes for children with end-stage kidney disease. We sought to understand disparities in timely access to transplant waitlisting.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, registry-based cohort study of candidates ages 3 to 17 added to the US kidney transplant waitlist 2015 to 2019. We defined “preemptive waitlisting” as waitlist addition before receiving dialysis and compared demographics of candidates based on preemptive status. We used competing risk regression to determine the association between preemptive waitlisting and transplantation. We then identified waitlist additions age >18 who initiated dialysis as children, thereby missing pediatric allocation prioritization, and evaluated the association between waitlisting with pediatric prioritization and transplantation.

RESULTS

Among 4506 pediatric candidates, 48% were waitlisted preemptively. Female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, and public insurance were associated with lower adjusted relative risk of preemptive waitlisting. Preemptive listing was not associated with time from waitlist activation to transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.87–1.02). Among transplant recipients waitlisted preemptively, 68% had no pretransplant dialysis, whereas recipients listed nonpreemptively had median 1.6 years of dialysis at transplant. Among 415 candidates initiating dialysis as children but waitlisted as adults, transplant rate was lower versus nonpreemptive pediatric candidates after waitlist activation (adjusted hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.66).

CONCLUSIONS

Disparities in timely waitlisting are associated with differences in pretransplant dialysis exposure despite no difference in time to transplant after waitlist activation. Young adults who experience delays may miss pediatric prioritization, highlighting an area for policy intervention.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Sign Algorithms to Identify Sepsis in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fung Alastair , Shafiq Yasir , Driker Sophie , Rees Chris A. , Mediratta Rishi P. , Rosenberg Rebecca , Hussaini Anum S. , Adnan Jana , Wade Carrie G. , Chou Roger , Edmond Karen M. , North Krysten , Lee Anne CC
Published: August 2024

CONTEXT

Accurate identification of possible sepsis in young infants is needed to effectively manage and reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.

OBJECTIVE

Synthesize evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical sign algorithms to identify young infants (aged 0–59 days) with suspected sepsis.

DATA SOURCES

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane CENTRAL Registry of Trials.

STUDY SELECTION

Studies reporting diagnostic accuracy measures of algorithms including infant clinical signs to identify young infants with suspected sepsis.

DATA EXTRACTION

We used Cochrane methods for study screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and determining certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation.

RESULTS

We included 19 studies (12 Integrated Management of Childhood Illness [IMCI] and 7 non-IMCI studies). The current World Health Organization (WHO) 7-sign IMCI algorithm had a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI 77%–82%) and specificity of 77% (95% CI 76%–78%) for identifying sick infants aged 0–59 days requiring hospitalization/antibiotics (1 study, N = 8889). Any IMCI algorithm had a pooled sensitivity of 84% (95% CI 75%–90%) and specificity of 80% (95% CI 64%–90%) for identifying suspected sepsis (11 studies, N = 15523). When restricting the reference standard to laboratory-supported sepsis, any IMCI algorithm had a pooled sensitivity of 86% (95% CI 82%–90%) and lower specificity of 61% (95% CI 49%–72%) (6 studies, N = 14278).

LIMITATIONS

Heterogeneity of algorithms and reference standards limited the evidence.

CONCLUSIONS

IMCI algorithms had acceptable sensitivity for identifying young infants with suspected sepsis. Specificity was lower using a reference standard of laboratory-supported sepsis diagnosis.
Using SAR Data for Monitoring of Agricultural Crops in the South of the Russian Far East
Authors: Verkhoturov Andrey , Stepanov Aleksey , Illarionova Lyubov
Published: August 2024

The use of SAR data to monitoring agricultural crops is a promising area of research designed to complement existing methods and technologies based on the analysis of multispectral images. The main advantages of vegetation indices calculated from SAR data include their sensitivity to the polarimetric properties of the backscatter intensity, its scattering characteristics, and independence from cloud cover. This is especially important for the territory of the south of the Russian Far East, whose monsoon climate provides humid and cloudy weather during the period when crops gain maximum biomass. For arable lands in the Khabarovsk Territory and the Amur Region, a total of 64 Sentinel-1 SAR images were obtained from May to October 2021. For each date, the values of the DpRVI, RVI, VH/VV indices were calculated and time series were constructed for the entire observation period for individual fields (342 fields in total). NDVI time series were constructed from Sentinel-2 multispectral images using a cloud mask. The characteristics of time series extremes were calculated for different types of arable land: soybeans, oats, and fallows. It was shown that for each crop the seasonal curves DpRVI, RVI, VH/VV had a characteristic appearance. It was found that the DpRVI demonstrated the highest stability – the coefficients of variation of the seasonal variation of DpRVI were significantly lower than those for RVI and VH/VV. It was also revealed that the similarity between the curves of these indices remained for regions quite distant from each other - the Khabarovsk Territory and the Amur Region. The main characteristics of the seasonal variation of time series of radar indices were calculated in comparison with NDVI - the magnitude of the maximum, the date of the maximum and the values of the coefficient of variation for these indicators. It was found, firstly, that the values of these indicators in different regions are similar to each other; secondly, the variability of the maximum and the day of the maximum for DpRVI is lower than for RVI and VH/VV; thirdly, the variability of the maximum and the day of the maximum for DpRVI is comparable to NDVI. Thus, time series of radar indices DpRVI, RVI, VH/VV for the main types of agricultural lands in the south of the Far East have distinctive features and can be used in classification problems, yield modeling and crop rotation control.
The Effects of Kinesio Taping and Kettlebell Training on Shoulder Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Pitching Speed of Amateur Baseball Players
Authors: Jeon Kye-Jeong , Lee Young-Soo , Seon Se-Young , Kim Seong-Eon
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of kettlebell training and kinesio taping applied to amateur baseball players on throwing velocity and isokinetic strength.METHODS The subjects of this study were 17 young men with more than 2 years of experience as amateur baseball players. To determine the effect of kettlebell training and kinesio training on throwing velocity and isokinetic strength, subject were divided into three group: kettlebell and kinesio taping, baseball training group (KTBG), kinesio taping group and baseball training (TBG), baseball training group (BG). Three groups trained three times a week for six weeks, and differences in shoulder isokinetic strength and throwing velocity were analyzes from pre to post training.RESULTS In the KTBG group, significant changes in the isokinetic muscle function of the shoulder joint were observed over time in both extensor strength (p=0.042) and flexor strength (p=0.017) at 60°/sec, as well as in extensor strength (p=0.028) and flexor strength (p=0.002) at 180°/sec. In the TBG group, only flexor strength at 180°/sec (p=0.020) showed significant changes. In the BG group, no significant changes were observed over time. The group interaction effect on isokinetic muscle function was not statistically significant. There were no significant changes in pitching velocity over time, and no group interaction was observed.CONCLUSIONS Therefore, a combination of 6 weeks of kettlebell training and Kinesio taping can improve the isokinetic extensor and flexor strength of the shoulder joint. Applying Kinesio taping during training can enhance the isokinetic extensor strength (180°/sec) of the shoulder joint. However, this exercise did not result in an increase in pitching velocity, and no interaction effect was observed, indicating the need for further research.
A Case Study on Consumer Arbitration Clause and Arbitrability
Authors: Kim Eun-Bin , Weon Jong-Ha ,   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information
Published: August 2024

When trying to resolve disputes between companies and consumers through arbitration, companies prefer arbitration because they have the bargaining power and competitiveness to proceed with legal reviews, while consumers sometimes refuse arbitration for the purpose of protecting their rights as economically weak people. Since Korea's arbitration law does not provide special provisions for consumers in relation to the method of arbitration agreement, consumers may not be able to accurately recognize the meaning and content of the arbitration clause.
But the United States recognizes arbitration favorably from the standpoint of companies and consumers and resolves disputes through arbitration as a means of resolving disputes. In the United States, most consumer contracts generally include arbitration agreements, depending on the reasons for arbitration preference.
In this paper, since the U.S. Federal Arbitration Act does not provide a separate provision for the possibility of arbitration, it tends to determine the possibility of arbitration through court precedents. By reviewing the precedents discussed in the United States regarding the possibility of arbitration on consumer disputes, we intend to review the U.S. court's position on the “Arbitrability” and derive implications for the activation of arbitration in Korean companies and consumers' disputes through the factors derived through case analysis.
A Study on the Impact of Global Outsourcing on Export Performance: Moderating Effect of International Certification Management in the 4IR era
Authors: Kim Chang-Bong , Sun Seog-Ki ,   Korea Association for International Commerce and Information
Published: August 2024

In the global market, exporting manufacturing companies are utilizing global outsourcing, including production, R&D, storage, distribution and logistics, to maintain and strengthen market competitiveness. At the same time, exporting manufacturing companies in the global market may face trust issues regarding quality due to the use of global outsourcing, and international certification management can be expected to have a positive impact on the use of global outsourcing and export performance by promoting trust and partnership between companies.
The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to the utilization of global outsourcing among Korean export manufacturing companies and to analyze the impact of international certification on the relationship between global outsourcing utilization and export performance. Based on a structured questionnaire, this study was conducted by randomly selecting and distributing questionnaires to a sample of companies using the lists of member companies of the Korea International Trade Association and the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency. A total of 1,000 questionnaires were distributed, and 122 were used for the empirical analysis, and the structural equation modeling test was conducted using the Smart PLS ver. 4.1 statistical package.
The factors of technical expertise and market access have a positive effect on the utilization of global outsourcing, and the utilization of global outsourcing has a positive effect on the export performance of export manufacturing companies, and international certification management strengthens the relationship between global outsourcing utilization and exportl performance.
The specifics of building a passive optical network with a dense location of subscribers
Authors: Rogov Andrey , Mishin Denis , Kurovsky Stanislav
Published: August 2024

Currently, passive optical network technology is in high demand in terms of management of urban organizational systems due to high-density housing (dense disposition of subscribers). The article provides information about the passive optical network. The authors describe the general architecture of a passive optical network as an element of the «fiber to the x» technology, including components such as an optical line terminal, optical network units, and optical distribution boxes. The main variants of modern use of a passive optical network are described on the basis of criteria such as standard, data transfer rate, operating wavelength, separation coefficient, compatibility. The article also discusses the features of building a passive optical network and describes the prospects for using this technology in modern cities with a dense disposition of subscribers. As part of an empirical study, the authors conducted a sociological survey in the form of a questionnaire of 175 specialists of middle and senior management working in leading domestic provider companies. The results of the study allowed to reveal a number of key problems and prospects for the use of passive optical network technology, as well as to identify the main elements of the economic efficiency of the deployment of a passive optical network. The authors emphasize the need to develop a smart city infrastructure using a passive optical network as a backbone, which is especially promising for remote areas of Moscow. It is assumed that the passive optical network will provide connection to houses and antenna sites and will be used as an inexpensive aggregation system for transmitting data from clouds on the far border to clouds on the main periphery.
Pendulum strategy of sustainable development: progress vs regression in the arctic zone
Authors: Rodionov Alexander , Kiseleva Svetlana , Vishnyakov Yakov , Orlova Anastasia
Published: August 2024

The article presents the author's approach to solving the problem of the revival of the Russian economy on the example of the Arctic territories. The aim of the study is to form the author's paradigm of the pendulum strategy «progress vs regression» in the Arctic zone for the development of mechanisms to ensure sustainable development of territories in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The prerequisites for the development of the author's paradigm of the pendulum strategy «progress vs regression» are considered. Cycles of the pendulum strategy of sustainable development based on the results of the study are indicated. The main stages of the formation of the mega region of the Arctic, the periods of implementation of the «pendulum strategy» are considered. Attention is drawn to the role of the leader in the formation and development of socio-economic formation as a new key factor in the success of the implementation of technological structures. Cycles of increasing and decreasing attention to the Arctic by the «leaders» of the state «Russia — USSR — Russia» are highlighted, the results of the study are summarized in the form of a system infogram. The political aspects of the pendulum strategy of sustainable development are considered, taking into account the factors of innovative development. The author's concept of ensuring the general planetary safety of normal life on the territory of the Arctic states is presented. The author's concept of ensuring the integrated security of the Arctic region is considered, taking into account the risks of violating the integrated security of the Arctic region. The authors draw attention to the peculiarity of the Arctic object as a strategically important, and, at the same time, critically dangerous and vulnerable object, which must be taken into account when developing and implementing a sustainable development strategy. The authors applied general and particular methods of unity research in contrast to natural sciences and humanities. The research methodology is based on the key provisions of the risk theory, the theory of eco-oriented innovative development, taking into account the ecological imperative of technological development.
Digital currency
Authors: Shaytura Sergey , Ostankova Natlya , Zelenova Galina , Belyu Lyudmila , Knyazeva Marina
Published: August 2024

The digitalization of the economy has also affected currency exchange. Currency has become digital. The introduction of the article shows a historical retrospective of the development of currency relations. It is shown that the current crisis in the currency sphere has led to an aggravation of the international situation. It is necessary to introduce a new world economic order. Digital currency is more flexible and stable compared to paper currency. Russia has decided to introduce a digital ruble, which will be issued and accounted for on the Bank of Russia platform. To introduce the digital ruble, a two-tier model was adopted. The Bank of Russia creates wallets and transfers them to financial institutions. They, in turn, pass them on to clients. A unified digital ruble platform will ensure the speed of transactions and make the movement of the digital ruble transparent and safe. The digital ruble is under the full control of the Bank of Russia. A completely different approach to functioning is manifested in cryptocurrencies. The circulation of cryptocurrencies is based on blockchain technology. In this technology, all participants in the process have equal rights and the same blocks of information. The dispersion of information guarantees its safety and resistance to change. Any network participant can create currency (mine); to do this, it is necessary to solve a certain computer problem. Whoever solves it first will issue the next unit of currency. So, the article presents two different technologies for creating digital currencies. The first technology involves centralizing foreign exchange transactions on one platform. The Bank of Russia guarantees the integrity and safety of the currency. Operations with the second currency can be performed by any network participant. The security of the currency is guaranteed by its dispersion among all network participants. The first currency is under the complete control of the state, the second cannot be controlled by anyone.
Solving the problem of choosing environmental measures based on neural network modeling of a balanced system of indicators of an enterprise's activities in the field of environmental management
Authors: Mohmedhussen Alaa Nazeeh
Published: August 2024

As part of the study, an assessment was made of the degree of achievement by the enterprise of target indicators in the field of nature management. The results of assessing the achievement of planned and forecast values become the basis for identifying problem areas and making changes to the development strategy, thereby improving the final effectiveness of environmental measures and programs. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of the enterprise in the field of environmental protection and nature management based on the choice of optimal directions for environmental activities and programs. The idea of the work is to use neural network forecasts of the balanced scorecard of the enterprise in the field of environmental management. The subject of the study was the predictive indicators of nature management within the framework of an integrated system for analyzing the effectiveness of an enterprise.
In the course of the research, the key principles and requirements that make up the conceptual basis for improving the system of performance indicators of enterprises in the field of environmental protection and nature management were identified, an analysis was made of the need to introduce new indicators and adjust existing forecast indicators. A neural network modeling of the formed balanced system of indicators of the enterprise's activities in the field of environmental management was carried out, a comparative analysis of learning algorithms and calculation of forecasting errors for various variants of neural networks was carried out. The problem of choosing environmental protection measures has been solved and the significance of the main environmental directions of development has been substantiated on the basis of expert modeling procedures. The main results of the work are aimed at obtaining a real assessment of the effectiveness of the enterprise's activities in the field of environmental protection, as well as at high-quality planning and spending of funds allocated for the implementation of environmental activities and programs.