bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration in controlled airspace: definition and validation of link loss contingency procedures for RPAS in terminal manoeuvring areas
Authors: D’Angelo G.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are increasingly becoming a part of our day-to-day lives. The vast range of possible applications in both military and civil contexts (e.g. border surveillance, search and rescue, civil protection) is creating a new industry with a large economic potential that, consequently, is pushing the rulemaking and standardization authorities to define and publish the rules, standards and procedures the industry has to comply with in order to integrate its products with the Air Traffic Management System. From an operational perspective, the challenge lies in integrating the worlds of manned and unmanned aircraft in a safe and efficient way allowing both types of aircraft to share the same airspace. An aspect of this challenge consists in defining and validating operational procedures and technical capabilities that allow to manage safely the RPAS even when a (Command and Control and/or ATC radio) link loss occurs. This paper is aimed at describing the procedures for the management of link loss events that affect RPAS flying under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) in a Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA). This paper also describes the distributed facility used to validate such procedures by means of real time simulations in an Italian operational scenario with pilots and Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) in the loop. Positive feedback was provided by both ATCO and Remote Pilots (RPs) on the overall acceptance of the proposed operational procedures which were considered satisfactory even in non-normal conditions (e.g.: degradation of the communication channel quality). The insertion of RPAS in TMA was considered feasible, even in case of single or multiple Command and Control Link Loss (C2LL) contingencies. The experiment described in this paper was part of the SESAR 2020 Programme, PJ13 ERICA project.
Effects of different drag laws on ice crystals impingement on probes mounted on a fuselage
Authors: Carozza A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. In this work the effects of different drag laws regarding the ice crystals impingement on the fuselage of a regional aircraft are investigated. Different probes are considered on the surface of interest. Along each of these instrumentations the collection efficiency has been calculated by using a RANS structured solver named UZEN and an eulerian impingement code IMP3D, both developed internally at CIRA. The solvers are parallelized and well assessed. The computational grid has been generated with ICEM CFD. Results show the strong influence of the shape considered for the ice crystal particles. Results are shown in terms of collection efficiency and total ice mass collected.
Refinement of structural theories for composite shells through convolutional neural networks
Authors: Petrolo M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This study examines the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to determine the optimal structural theories to adopt for the modeling of composite shells, to combine accuracy and computational efficiency. The use of the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM) on higher-order theories (HOT) based on polynomial expansions can be cumbersome due to the amount of Finite Element Models (FEM) virtually available and the problem-dependency of a theory’s performance. Adopting the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) can mitigate this obstacle through its procedural and lean derivation of the required structural results. At the same time, the CNN can act as a surrogate model to guide the selection process. The network can inform on the convenience of a specific set of generalized variables after being trained with just a small percentage of the results typically required by the AAM. The CNN capabilities are compared to the AAM through the Best Theory Diagram (BTD) obtained using different selection criteria: errors over natural frequencies or failure indexes.
Aerodynamic analysis of a high-speed aircraft from hypersonic down to subsonic speeds
Authors: Pezzella G.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Unmanned flying-test bed aircraft are fundamental to experimentally prove and validate next generation high-speed technologies, such as aeroshape design, thermal protection material and strategy; flight mechanics and guidance-navigation and control. During the test, the aircraft will encounter realistic flight conditions to assess accuracy of new design choices and solutions. In this framework, the paper focuses on the longitudinal aerodynamic analysis of an experimental aircraft, with a spatuled body aeroshape, from subsonic up to hypersonic speeds. Computational flowfield analyses are carried out at several angles of attack ranging from 0 to 15 deg and for Mach numbers from 0.1 to 7. Results are detailed reported and discussed in the paper.
Requirements definition in support of digital twin platform development
Authors: Di Marino C.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This paper discusses the exploitation of a System Engineering approach and, specifically, of Requirements Engineering to derive a set of desired features based on stakeholders’ needs to be implemented into a Digital Twin (DT) platform. Key focus is on the development of a collaborative and highly integrated simulation environment tailored for the design of breakthrough aeronautical products and able, in principle, to cover all the phases of product lifecycle. Specifically, a preliminary list of platform requirements is elicited and from them a set of desired features to be implemented is derived. Then, basing on these features, a Kano questionnaire is set up and used to question a pool of engineers and experts in the aeronautical field. Eventually, by analysing the questionnaire results, the list of desired characteristics is prioritized and used to provide guidelines for the development of the front-end interface of the collaborative platform.
Nonlinear mechanical analysis of aerospace shell structures through the discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Guarino G.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The geometrically non-linear mechanical response of multilayer composite shells is addressed via an innovative discontinuous Galerkin formulation. In the framework of the Carrera Unified formulation, equivalent single layer kinematics with different through-the-thickness accuracy is adopted. The variational statement governing the shell nonlinear behavior is derived. The corresponding governing equations are solved via a discontinuous Galerkin approach, which employs the pure penalty method to weakly enforce the connection between the mesh elements. Numerical tests are presented to show the capabilities of the proposed approach.
Thermal buckling analysis and optimization of VAT structures via layer-wise models
Authors: Pagani A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. The present study investigates the combination of different manufacturing parameters, such as the curvature radius of the single fiber along its path on a symmetric stacking sequence of the Variable Angle Tows composite (VAT). Moreover, the study objective is to individuate the VAT configuration to maximize the critical thermal buckling load of a thermal-loaded composite square plate. Numerical simulations are performed in the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) framework, which allows for a high-order two-dimensional (2D) theory based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), enabling the Layer Wise (LW) discretization of the model. The linearized buckling problem is involved in the formulation, and the resolution of the eigenvalue problem leads to finding the thermal buckling critical temperature.
An energy-based design approach in the aero-structural optimization of a morphing aileron
Authors: De Gaspari A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This paper describes the application of an energy-based optimization procedure for the design of a morphing aileron as an alternative to replace a conventional hinged aileron. The design procedure starts with an aerodynamic shape optimization embedding skin structural constraints and energetic information. Different candidate morphing shapes able to provide reduced drag are obtained, and they differ for the required actuation level. The structural design is then performed through a dedicated multi-objective topology and sizing optimization, aimed at obtaining a structural configuration that achieves the target shape with minimum error and minimum actuation force. The energetic comparison between the designed solution and the hinged solution shows that morphing is convenient also from the energy viewpoint. Finally, a fluid-structure interaction simulation assesses the performances of the designed solution.
Flutter instability in elastic structures
Authors: Bigoni D.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Flutter instability caused by follower loads has become a reality after the invention of the "freely-rotating wheel device" by Bigoni and Noselli, of the "flutter machine", and of the device to generate Reut-type loads. Further research has proven that flutter instability, Hopf bifurcation, dissipation instabilities, and the Ziegler paradox are all possible in conservative systems, thus disproving an erroneous belief continuing since at least 50 years. Finally, a new type of flutter instability has been addressed, generated by the "fusion" of two structures which are separately stable, but become unstable when joined together. The analysis of instability involves here the treatment of a discontinuity in the curvature of a constraint.
Numerical-analytical evaluation about the impact in water of an elastic wedge using the SPH method
Authors: Guagliardo D.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. In a preliminary study about the structural behaviour of a body, the material can be supposed infinitely rigid. This choice is useful to simplify the problem and to obtain results that well approximate reality. In this specific case under study, it proves how the effect of the material elasticity has a fundamental role on the pressures developed when a wedge impacts water. The analysis is made using ANSYS LS-DYNA software modelling the wedge through the FEM method, characterized by the material defined by the MAT_001-ELASTIC keyword, and the water defined by the SPH (Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics) method. The elastic body behaviour will be evaluated through the presence of a displacement in the middle point, on the face impacting water, and the comparison between the obtained pressure and the one predicted by the analytical theories of von Karman1 and Wagner2, which study the impact of a rigid wedge.
Data-driven deep neural network for structural damage detection in composite solar arrays on flexible spacecraft
Authors: Angeletti F.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. A data-driven approach based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) techniques is here proposed for Structural Health Monitoring of large in-orbit flexible systems. Damage scenarios are generated via a Finite Element commercial code to train and test the machine learning model, by considering equivalent properties of the composite material of the solar panels. The fully coupled 3D equations for the flexible spacecraft are integrated to test typical profiles of attitude manoeuvres in case of different damages. The DNN model is trained using sensor-measured time series responses, with each response associated with the label of the corresponding damage scenario, and tested via k-folding approach. This methodology offers a promising approach to detect structural damage in solar arrays on spacecraft using machine learning techniques.
A numerical parametric study on delamination influence on the fatigue behaviour of stiffened composite components
Authors: Russo A.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This paper investigates the fatigue phenomenon in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composite materials. Fatigue is a major problem in composite materials, due to their complex microstructures and inhomogeneous properties. In composite materials, fatigue is caused by cyclic loading, which leads to the accumulation of damage and eventually failure. This is related to several factors such as material properties, geometry, loading conditions, and environmental conditions. The fatigue life of composite materials is usually much lower than that of metals, and it is often catastrophic and unpredictable. Therefore, it is mandatory to understand behaviour of composite materials subjected to cyclic loading condition and to develop strategies to improve their fatigue performance. To this end, a Paris Law-based module has been implemented in the well-establish SMart-time XB (SMXB) procedure, being able to accurately numerically simulate the delamination growth caused by cyclic loads in complex composite structures. This process, which takes advantages of the mesh and load independency of the SMXB method in the evaluation of the delamination growth, has been implemented in the Ansys Parametric Design Language to create a highly versatile and parametric procedure. A numerical parametric study has been carried out to investigate the behaviour of a pre-existing circular delamination under cyclic loading, to assess the influence of delamination radius and thickness on the delamination growth. The results of this study will provide important insights into how delamination radius and thickness affect the delamination growth and the durability of composite structures. This study will help to inform the design of composite structures for various applications.
Multifunctional composites as Solid-Polymer-Electrolytes (SPE) for Lithium Ion Battery (LIB)
Authors: Mallardo S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Novel solid-polymer-electrolytes (SPE) have been formulated as key components of structural multifunctional materials to develop Lithium Ion Battery (LIB). To this aim, SPE blends based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), different molecular weights polyethylene glycole (PEG), PEG-modified sepiolite (SEP) and lithium triflate have been prepared by one pot melt mixing. The films were obtained by compression moulding following a method easily scalable to industrial level. The different films have been characterized by structural (FTIR-ATR), thermal (DSC, TGA), morphological (SEM) and mechanical (tensile tests) analysis. The different properties could be mainly addressed to the diverse PEG both amounts and molecular weight and to the specific physical interaction occurring between PEO, PEG sepiolite and lithium ions strongly influencing crystallinity, thermal stability and mechanical response. Thus, SPE2 sample evidenced the highest both crystallinity and mechanical stiffness and toughness, whereas SPE1 and SPE3 film showed the best compromise between molecular crystallinity and mechanical performances, mostly as strain at break are concerned. Finally, SPE4 film, including the highest amount of PEG showed a peculiar increasing of mechanical rigidity in opposition to molecular plasticization effect exploited by PEG. The many features of SPE systems requires special attention and further research when it comes time to design structural multifunctional materials for LIB based batteries of Type-III.
Buckling and post-buckling response of curved, composite, stiffened panels under combined loads including pressurization
Authors: Boni L.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. In recent years, metal stiffened shells for aerospace applications have been gradually replaced by composite shells, which are widely used in fuselage, tail, and wing structures due to their advantageous properties. Under operating conditions, stiffened panels are subjected to different types of loads, combined in various ways, which can lead to instability. Like their metallic counterparts, allowing post-buckling within the operational envelope could lead to significant weight reductions for composite structures, but unlike the metal case, their response in this state is not fully understood and the potential of composites is not fully exploited. In this context, the main objective of the present work is to investigate the buckling and post-buckling behavior of composite curved panels subjected to combined loads. The buckling behavior of a representative stiffened curved panel has been simulated by non-linear finite element analyses, from the simplest pure compression and pure shear cases to the final analysis of the panel subjected to pressurization, shear, and compression simultaneously. The results of this study quantify the reduction of the critical compression and shear loads due to their simultaneous action, as well as the effect of the pressurization load, which was generally beneficial, but remarkably so in the case of pure shear.
Insights on state of the art and perspectives of XR for human machine interfaces in advanced air mobility and urban air mobility
Authors: Santhosh S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. With technological innovation and advancements, especially in autonomy, battery and digitization, the future of air transport and mobility is transiting towards a broader spectrum of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM). UAM envisions safer, faster, and more sustainable air mobility for smarter cities and urban environments including passenger transport and goods delivery. Nevertheless, this concept is still considered extremely breakthrough and several technological and operational aspects are mostly undefined. In this context, a comprehensive approach to AAM/UAM may be to adapt cutting-edge technologies in developing sustainable framework and Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) in order to realize the challenges, benefits, and conditions of such transport system in advance for future safer, more reliable and globally approved operations. One of the technologies that can contribute to accelerate advancements through human centred simulating UAM processes and operations is XR (eXtended Reality). This paper presents the early steps of a multidisciplinary study performed under the framework of PNRR (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza) and MOST (Centro Nazionale Mobilità Sostenibile) project in analyzing the perspectives of XR based HMIs for UAM paradigm and potential AAM/UAM use case scenarios that can be simulated with XR in view of attaining efficient and effective future solutions. Furthermore, the work introduces the state-of-the-art overview on XR facilitated UAM applications and considers prospective potential use cases that can be developed through PNRR research study in demonstrating XR as an enabling technology in promising areas of the UAM framework.
Aerodynamic design of advanced rear end for large passenger aircraft
Authors: Corcione S.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. This paper focuses on the aerodynamic design of an advanced rear end concept for a large passenger aircraft, such as the Airbus A320. The aim was to reduce the size of the horizontal tailplane to minimize the aerodynamic drawbacks related to longitudinal stability and control requirements. This reduction would lead to improved aircraft performance by reducing fuel burn and rear-end weight. Assuming the same position of the aerodynamic center of the horizontal tailplane of a conventional aircraft, the results of this investigation showed that the required stabilizing performance of the tail could be achieved with a smaller tail surface. A reduction of 6% in tail planform area was achieved by leveraging the unique aerodynamic characteristics of a forward-swept tail, combined with the implementation of a leading-edge extension device. The reduced wetted area and the lower weight of the horizontal empennage could result in fuel savings of 100 to 120 kg of fuel per 1,000 km. This is equivalent to approximately 1.0 to 1.2% for the specific aircraft category being considered.
Temporal Generalizability of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Postoperative Delirium Using Electronic Health Record Data: Model Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Matsumoto Koutarou , Nohara Yasunobu , Sakaguchi Mikako , Takayama Yohei , Fukushige Syota , Soejima Hidehisa , Nakashima Naoki , Kamouchi Masahiro
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Although machine learning models demonstrate significant potential in predicting postoperative delirium, the advantages of their implementation in real-world settings remain unclear and require a comparison with conventional models in practical applications.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to validate the temporal generalizability of decision tree ensemble and sparse linear regression models for predicting delirium after surgery compared with that of the traditional logistic regression model.

METHODS

The health record data of patients hospitalized at an advanced emergency and critical care medical center in Kumamoto, Japan, were collected electronically. We developed a decision tree ensemble model using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and a sparse linear regression model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. To evaluate the predictive performance of the model, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) to measure discrimination and the slope and intercept of the regression between predicted and observed probabilities to measure calibration. The Brier score was evaluated as an overall performance metric. We included 11,863 consecutive patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia between December 2017 and February 2022. The patients were divided into a derivation cohort before the COVID-19 pandemic and a validation cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to the confusion assessment method.

RESULTS

A total of 6497 patients (68.5, SD 14.4 years, women n=2627, 40.4%) were included in the derivation cohort, and 5366 patients (67.8, SD 14.6 years, women n=2105, 39.2%) were included in the validation cohort. Regarding discrimination, the XGBoost model (AUROC 0.87-0.90 and MCC 0.34-0.44) did not significantly outperform the LASSO model (AUROC 0.86-0.89 and MCC 0.34-0.41). The logistic regression model (AUROC 0.84-0.88, MCC 0.33-0.40, slope 1.01-1.19, intercept –0.16 to 0.06, and Brier score 0.06-0.07), with 8 predictors (age, intensive care unit, neurosurgery, emergency admission, anesthesia time, BMI, blood loss during surgery, and use of an ambulance) achieved good predictive performance.

CONCLUSIONS

The XGBoost model did not significantly outperform the LASSO model in predicting postoperative delirium. Furthermore, a parsimonious logistic model with a few important predictors achieved comparable performance to machine learning models in predicting postoperative delirium.

CLINICALTRIAL
Spreading of the Amazon River Plume
Authors: Morozov Eugene , Zavialov P , Zamshin V , Moller O , Frey D , Zuev Oleg , Seliverstova Anna , Bulanov Alexey , Lipinskaya Nadezhda , Salyuk Pavel , Chvertkova Olga , Nemirovskaya Inna , Krechik Viktor , Chultsova Anna
Published: October 2023

Results of a joint Russian-Brazilian expedition to study the dynamics of continental river runoff in the ocean associated with the Amazon plume are presented. The stations of the study region covered the seaward part of the Amazon plume. The work was carried out in the dry season (November). The data of in situ measurements and satellite data show that the most desalinated and rich in suspended particulate matter and chlorophyll-a waters were localized on the shallow inner shelf. The horizontal and vertical structure of the thermohaline fields indicates the presence of a well-pronounced river plume about 15 m thick. The decrease in salinity in the plume relative to the background values exceeded 6 PSU even at 300–400 km from the river mouth. The plume waters were characterized by increased concentrations of suspended matter. The best approximation to the in situ measurements is provided by the SMOS satellite salinity data and reanalysis GLORYS12. Chemical determinations in the surface layer in the area of the plume reveal elevated concentrations of silicates, phosphates, and nitrites compared to the seaward part.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of Dragon Fruit Peels Methanolic Extract
Authors: Yosefa Stephanie Renata , Tandanu Erny , Leslie William , Fransisca Silvia , Angie Evelyn , Kartarino Djamin , Ikhtiari Refi
Published: October 2023

Diarrhea is a global major health problem reported by 2.5 billion cases annually. Diarrhea accounts for 9% of child death worldwide or the second leading cause of death among toddlers. Many local people have used traditional medicine for diarrhea therapy. Dragon fruit is a herbal plant with high vitamins and various nutritious compounds. Therefore, this study determined antidiarrheal activity from dragon fruit peel methanolic extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This study was experimental with in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model used disc diffusion and microdilution assay against the diarrhea-causing pathogen (Escherichia coli). Meanwhile, the in vivo model used male Wistar rats induced by Castro oil. This study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) of dragon fruit peel extract against Escherichia coli were 50 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The increased dose of dragon fruit peel methanol extract has increased the antidiarrheal index. The highest and lowest antidiarrheal index was found in the dragon fruit methanol extract-3 (76.56%) and dragon fruit methanol extract-1 (43.28%). The dragon fruit peel methanol extract can be proposed as antidiarrhea and antibacterial therapy against the diarrhea-causing pathogen.
Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Potato Peel Ethanol Extract (Solanum tuberosum L.) against Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Krisnadita Aurelia , Lestari Endang Sri , Setyawan Aris , Antari Arlita Leniseptaria
Published: October 2023

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria that play a major role in the caries process. It is recommended to use cavity cleanser to clean and disinfect caries cavities post-preparation. However, the currently used cavity cleansers, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium hypochlorite, have limitations. Thus, exploring natural alternatives, like potato peel, as a cavity cleanser material is necessary. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the ethanol extract of potato peel (S. tuberosum L.) on the growth of L. acidophilus. The method used was true experimental laboratories with a post-test-only control group design and broth dilution. The samples were divided into 8 groups, including 6 treatment groups with varying concentrations of extract (100%; 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25%; and 3.125%), positive control, and negative control. Each group was repeated 4 times. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by observing solution turbidity in the tubes which began to appear clear after 24 hours of incubation, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined by the absence of bacteria that grew on media after being given the test solution and incubated for 24 hours. The MIC of potato peel ethanol extract on the growth of L. acidophilus could not be determined, while the MBC was at a concentration of 50%. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that concentration levels had a significant difference in the average number of L. acidophilus colonies. The ethanol extract of potato peel (S. tuberosum L.) has antibacterial effectiveness against the growth of L. acidophilus.
Physical Stability, Photostability, and Sunscreen Effectiveness of Combination Cream of Arabica Green Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea arabica) and Octyl Methoxycinnamate
Authors: Zulfaidah Nanda Tsalasani , Lukitaningsih Endang , Zulkarnain Abdul Karim
Published: October 2023

Arabica green coffee beans (AGCB) have antioxidant compounds as photo protectors. It’s used to stabilize and increase the SPF value of octyl methoxycinnamate in sunscreen because its effectiveness will be decreased when exposed to UV light. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of various concentrations of arabica green coffee bean (AGCB) extract and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) on the physical properties and SPF value of sunscreen cream. AGCB extract with concentrations (F1) 0%; (F2) 2.5%; (F3) 5%; (F4) 7.5% (with the addition of OMC concentration of 7.5%), and (F5) 7.5% (without the addition of OMC). The formulas were tested for physical properties to determine stability in 4 weeks of storage, cycling test for 4 cycles, and photostability to determine the SPF value and irritation test on the best formula. The results of the physical stability test on the five formulas showed a sig value > 0.05 which means the preparation is stable. Formulas F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 with exposure of 1 hour, 5 hours, and 10 hours obtained a significance value > 0.05, which means that the presence of UV light exposure in the AGCB extract combination cream can stabilize the decrease in SPF value. Formula 4, which is stable without separation during the cycling test and the stability of the SPF value of 41, then in the irritation test does not cause irritation so it can be concluded that formula 4 is the optimum formula.
The Impact of the Concept of Continental (Romano-Germanic) Criminal Procedure on the Phenomenon of “Epistemic Injustice”
Authors: Rogacka-Rzewnicka Maria
Published: October 2023

The present article concentrates on the systemic and institutional environment characteristic of the sphere of criminal trial as being a source of reality called “epistemic injustice”. The subject of this analysis is criminal procedure applicable in continental Europe. In this attempt to transpose the concept of “epistemic injustice” coined by Miranda Ficker to criminal procedure, certain specific systemic and institutional solutions were accentuated, which may contribute to injustice in relation to different aspects of the procedure. Three important institutions regulating criminal procedure were taken into account: the concept of prosecuting crimes, procedural consensualism, and the crime victim. The conclusions are not based on hard arguments that would directly prove the phenomena described by M. Fricker. It was concluded that “epistemic injustice” is more a matter of the facts than the law, although – as it was attempted to show – particular legal solutions may in a specific manner contribute to the state designated by that term. The presented threats are comprised mainly in the reality termed in literature as “epistemic agential injustice”.
Transformación y retos de la agroindustria agroalimentaria de Colima, México
Authors: González Sánchez Renato Francisco , Lino Gamiño Juan Alfredo
Published: October 2023

Después de 25 años de apertura comercial en el sector agropecuario, la agroindustria agroalimentaria de México se ha transformado profundamente. Este trabajo muestra a un fenómeno dinámico en la reconversión de cultivos y desarrollo de agroindustria de limón y el cocotero en el estado de Colima, México. Ambos cultivos han sufrido cambios en su superficie y en los sistemas de producción; en particular sistemas más intensivos en insumos comerciales y monocultivo; asimismo, ha crecido la producción de frutas y hortalizas tropicales para la exportación a los EE.UU., en la temporada de invierno. La agroindustria se ha transformado en función de los cambios socioeconómicos, oportunidades comerciales, desarrollo tecnológico y diversificación de la producción. Los productores primarios han respondido a estos cambios con diversas estrategias de organización y esquemas de inversión.
Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Jet Ejectors: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Tekam Bhuvneshwar , Tiwari Dr. Aseem C
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This study investigates the analysis of the operating modes of two distinct jet ejector types, namely, Constant Rate of Momentum Change (CRMC), Constant Pressure Mixing (CPM). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to thoroughly examine and evaluate their respective geometrical attributes. Through our comprehensive scrutiny, we ascertained the notably superior performance of CRMC ejectors. This superiority is primarily linked to the continuous presence of compression shock waves within the flow processes of CRMC, which consequently lead to comparable or even diminished critical condenser pressures. The core objective of this research is to advance the application of jet-ejector refrigeration technology, especially for the efficient harnessing of low-grade waste heat, thereby contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and sustainable cooling solutions. We concentrated on two operational modes, CRMC and CPM, and employed CFD to analyze the geometry of these ejectors. We found a particular configuration called RSO-2 that demonstrated exceptional performance after carrying out extensive experiments encompassing 53 different parameter combinations using the Taguchi Design of Experiments. With regard to the throat inlet, RSO-2 demonstrated an exceptional mass flow rate of 5.28E+05 J kg-1 and a Mach number of 1.5418 at the throat exit. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between the diameter of the throat and the radius of the mixing chamber, as revealed by our thorough sensitivity analysis. This discovery offers important new information for the development of jet ejector designs.
Enhancing Hydropower Generation through Pump as Turbine (PAT) System Optimization
Authors: Shakya Pramod Kumar , Tiwari Dr. Aseem C
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Pump as Turbine (PAT) systems, operating in reverse mode to transform mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, pose unique challenges in the pursuit of optimal performance for hydropower generation. This research leverages the power of ANSYS CFD/CFX simulations to delve into the impact of various impeller trimming configurations on the efficiency and effectiveness of PAT systems in the context of hydropower generation. The research involves a systematic approach that includes CAD modeling and meshing to analyze three base models: PAT Case 1 (Ø255 mm, 6 blades), PAT Case 4 (Ø230 mm, 6 blades), and PAT Case 7 (Ø215 mm, 6 blades). To validate the simulations, a comparison is made with reference models (PAT reference Ø255 and 6 blade configuration, PAT reference Ø230 and 6 blade configuration, PAT reference Ø215 and 6 blade configuration). The findings of this study show that increasing the number of blades from 6 to 7 results in significant improvements in head, power output, and efficiency. However, further increases to 8 blades demonstrate diminishing efficiency gains. Moreover, reducing the impeller diameter proves to be a beneficial factor in enhancing overall system performance. Among the configurations tested, the Ø215 mm diameter with 7 blades stands out as the top-performing option. This design offers promising potential for maximizing pump efficiency in practical hydropower applications.
Caminhos editoriais, perspectivas e possibilidades em tempos convulsionados: um breve balanço do campo por meio dos artigos publicados na RBEUR em 2022
Authors: Novais Pedro , Sánchez Fernanda , RBEUR Comissão Editorial
Published: October 2023

EDITORIAL, v. 25, 2023
The fireball ghosts, in three major countries of Southeast Asia culture
Authors: Dwi Kurniasih  , Krismonita Fanie Yuniar
Published: October 2023

The mystical mindset is not only common among Indonesians, who frequently associate all events with the supernatural. In neighboring countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, there is a belief in the existence of mystical or occult things. This research aims to describe the mystery of Banaspati in ASEAN countries, specifically Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. Furthermore, this study will describe the story of Islamization in Java, which is inextricably linked to the influence of mysticism, one of which is Banaspati. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative methodology with a content analysis strategy. According to the study's findings, Indonesians believe that Banaspati, particularly in Java, is a supernatural ghost or spirit that manifests as a blazing fire with great power. In Thailand. Bong fai phayanak (dragon fireballs) is a supernatural phenomenon that occurs in the Mekong River and is caused by the Mekong River's guardian dragon in October. In Malaysia, it is known as polong or "fireball." People in Malaysia believe that a pod is a form of a mystical pet item of humans who have black magic, which functions to bring disaster to someone they don't like. The community's concept of fire elemental ghosts is related to the beliefs of Buddhists in Thailand and Muslims in Indonesia, especially in Java.
Celebrating the victory and purification: halal-bihalal tradition in the Mangkunegaran Palace 1945-1978
Authors: Nulhasanah Lisan , Hakiman
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the history of halal-bihalal gathering held in the Mangkunegaran Palace. The tradition was carried out distinctively during the Mangkunegara VIII era in 1945-1978. The period marked the shift from the Colonial era to the Independent era of Indonesia, resulting in the dynamics of procession and aim of halal-bihalal. The culture-historical approach was employed to determine the specific pattern of phenomenon and to understand the morphology of culture. The stages of historical method, namely heuristics, criticism, historiography, and interpretation, were done. The results of research based on the theory of symbolism and the role of power show that halal-bihalal gathering in the Mangkunegaran reflected the social classes in which the invited guests with upper social level occupied the very very important personal seats. Nevertheless, the event also brought positive impact since people from various backgrounds could gather peacefully and eliminate the conflicts among the classes. As an implication, the tradition was perceived as an important event and held regularly. It was also popular outside the palace and imitated by Islamic organizations using the same term, halal-bihalal.
Moving the needle forward for low- and intermediate-risk pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in LMIC: outcomes from a cancer center in Pakistan
Authors: Sadaf Alina , Anjum Sadia , B Sana Rizvi , Wali Rabia Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Background Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft
tissue sarcoma in children. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)
such as Pakistan, problems with delayed diagnosis, decreased access to
care, treatment abandonment and lack of multidisciplinary care may lead
to poor outcomes. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted
from January 1, 2017, to January 1, 2022 to identify patients with low-
and intermediate-risk RMS at a tertiary cancer center in Pakistan.
Curative treatment was given per the standard arms of the Children’s
Oncology Group (COG) studies ARST0331 and ARST1431. Results Forty-eight
patients were eligible for survival analysis. The most common tumor
region was parameningeal (31.3%). The 3-year overall survival (OS) was
100% for the 14 low-risk patients and 76.5% for the 34
intermediate-risk patients. The worst performing tumor regions were
“other sites”. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) for radiation
alone (55%) as a local control modality was worse than for surgery
alone (66.7%) or a combination of surgery and radiation (66.7%).
One-third of the patient cohort had severe malnutrition (< 5th
percentile by weight) which was associated with lower 3-year OS of 75%
vs 85.7%. Eight patients (17%) died (3 due to sepsis, 5 due to disease
progression), 11 (23%) abandoned treatment and 15 (31%) had
progressive disease. Conclusions There was a preponderance of
intermediate-risk RMS in this cohort, with 3-year OS approaching that of
high-income countries but with a lower PFS and EFS. Sepsis-related
deaths, treatment abandonment, and malnutrition remain significant
challenges.
The effectiveness of perineal warm compresses during the second stage of labor on reducing perineal trauma and relieving postpartum perineal pain in primiparous women: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: SUN Ruiyang , Huang Jing , Zhu Xiu , Hou Rui , Zang Yu , Pan Jingyu , Li Yuxuan , Lu Hong
Published: October 2023

Background: Perineal trauma during childbirth and postpartum
perineal pain significantly affected the new mother’s physical,
psychological, and social experiences toward spontaneous vaginal birth.
The effects of perineal warm compresses remain inconclusive.
Objectives: To assess the effects of perineal warm compresses
during the second stage of labor on reducing perineal trauma and
postpartum perineal pain relief. Search Strategy: We searched
seven bibliographic databases, three register websites of randomized
controlled trials (RCTs), and two dissertation databases for
publications from inception to March 15, 2023. Selection
Criteria: RCTs published in Chinese and English. Data
Collection and Analyses: Two independent reviewers conducted the risk
of bias assessing, data extraction, and the certainty of the evidence
evaluation utilizing the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 assessment criteria,
the Review Manager 5.4, and the online GRADEpro tool respectively.
Main Results: Seven RCTs involving 1362 primiparous women were
included. The combined results demonstrated a statistical reduction on
the second-(RR=0.40, 95 %CI: [0.27,0.59]), third- and/or fourth-
degree perineal lacerations(RR=0.34, 95 %CI: [0.20,0.57]), the
incidence of episiotomy (RR=0.69, 95 %CI: [0.58,0.83]) and relief
on the short-term perineal pain postpartum (within two days) (MD=-0.94,
95 %CI: [-1.10,-0.77]); a potential favorable effect on improving
the integrity of perineum (RR=3.36, 95 %CI: [1.22,9.27]); did not
show a statistically significant supportive effect on reducing the
first-degree perineal lacerations ((RR=1.43, 95 %CI: [1.05,1.95]))
and the rate of perineal lacerations requiring suture (RR=0.68, 95 %CI:
[0.45,1.02]). Conclusions: Perineal warm compresses
effectively reduced the second-, third-/or fourth-degree perineal trauma
and decreased the short-term perineal pain after birth.
Novel grouping of planned coping strategies for managing the intensity of labour: A qualitative study
Authors: Y Laura Whitburn , Shifman Janine , E Lester Jones , Davey Mary-Ann , East Christine
Published: October 2023

Objective: It is common for women to explore and plan strategies to cope
during labour. These strategies are usually focused on pain control and
described as either pharmacological or non-pharmacological. As labour is
an individual experience, each woman should be enabled to choose
strategies that best suit them, and that reflect what they feel
influences their sense of capacity to cope. By exploring women’s
intentions and choices of strategies, this study aimed to understand how
coping strategies can better reflect women’s individual needs and
expectations. Design: Survey of 56 pregnant women, including open-ended
questions. Setting: Australian tertiary maternity hospital. Population:
Nulliparous women. Methods: Content and thematic analysis of open-ended
responses. Main outcome measures: A qualitative description of women’s
planned coping strategies for labour. Results: Themes related to how
women frame the intensity of labour, how they strive for a relationally
safe environment and a need to be prepared and knowledgeable. Strategies
chosen by women could be grouped into two categories: intrinsic and
extrinsic. Intrinsic strategies could be self-generated by women (such
as breathing techniques and movement), while extrinsic strategies
required either equipment (such as a bath) or others to administer (such
as epidural analgesia). Conclusions: Women value having a range of
intrinsic and extrinsic strategies that enable autonomy or require
external support. This moves beyond the ‘pharmacological and
non-pharmacological’ categorisation of strategies. The findings provide
a foundation for more targeted research into how women can be supported
to individualise and implement these coping strategies in labour.
Population Pharmacokinetics Model Repository for Caspofungin: a Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Nuo , Shi Yufei , Wang Yixue , Mak Wen Yao , Wu Yue , Yang Wenyu , Tang Zhijia , He Qingfeng , Yan Gangfeng , Xiang Xiaoqiang , Zhu Xiao
Published: October 2023

Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal commonly used as the
first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis, salvage therapy for
invasive aspergillosis. Pharmacokinetic variabilities and suboptimal
exposure have been reported for caspofungin, increasing the risk of
insufficient efficacy. We aimed to consolidate information from
population pharmacokinetic studies, compare model performance, identify
significant covariates affecting caspofungin’s PKs, evaluate probability
of target attainment in different studies and assemble
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target to address existing knowledge
gaps that may warrant further investigation in future. We performed a
systematic search strategy to review the PPK studies of caspofungin.
Four databases were searched. We extracted information for the
comparison of models, evaluation of the impact of covariates on
clearance and apparent volume and the calculation of probability of
target attainment under specific minimum inhibitory concentration.
Thirteen studies were included. The simulation results showed that under
labeled dose, pediatrics exhibited notably higher exposure than adults.
Body size was the most identified covariate that affected both clearance
and volume of distribution. For C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, none of
the populations achieved a PTA of ≥ 90%. In contrast, for C. glabrata,
70% of the adult patients reached a PTA of ≥ 90%, while all pediatric
patients achieved the same PTA level. At the recommended dosage, adults
showed lower exposure to caspofungin compared to pediatrics. It is
crucial to consider body size, liver function and serum albumin when
determining caspofungin dosage regimens. Furthermore, further research
is required to comprehensively understand the pharmacokinetics of
caspofungin in pediatrics.
Long-term dynamics of density dependence suggest growth, rather than survival, is a better index for adult trees over time
Authors: Wang Liping , Wu Junjie , Chen Fengxian
Published: October 2023

Density dependence is a vital mechanism for explaining tree species
diversity, and empirical studies have evidenced that neighbor density
did influence plant survival and growth in different communities
worldwide. However, it is still unclear that what and how neighbor
density affect plant survival and growth in a long time. Thus, we used
the data from Barro Colorado Island (BCI) plot censused every 5 years
from 1981 to 2015 to identify how density dependence affected adult
trees survival and growth by using generalized linear mixed models.
Followed by, linear regression models were used to assess whether the
effect of density dependence on tree survival and growth correlated with
the species abundance. We found that the effects of tree sizes (DBH) and
heterospecific neighbor densities (BAhet) on tree survival varied over
time. The effects of DBH and BAhet had significantly negative impacts on
tree growth, while densities of conspecific neighbors (BAcon) showed
significantly negative effect both on tree survival and growth in seven
intervals. The effect of density dependence on tree growth was more
stable than on survival. Additionally, the effects of conspecific and
heterospecific neighbor density on tree growth, but not on tree
survival, respectively, were significantly negatively and positively
related to tree abundance over time. Overall, our result revealed that
tree growth was the better predictor for the effect of density
dependence at the community level.