bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNMET CLINICAL NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN ORTHOPAEDIC IMPLANTS
Authors: Vadalà G.
Published: January 2024

Infections are among the most diffused complications of the implantation of medical devices. In orthopedics, they pose severe societal and economic burden and interfere with the capability of the implants to integrate in the host bone, significantly increasing failure risk. Infection is particularly severe in the case of comorbidities and especially bone tumors, since oncologic patients are fragile, have higher infection rate and impaired osteoregenerative capabilities. For this reason, prevention of infection is to be preferred over treatment.

This is even more important in the case of spine surgery, since spine is among the main site for tumor metastases and because incidence of post operative surgical-site infections is significant (up to 15-20%) and surgical options are limited by the need of avoiding damaging the spinal cord.

Functionalization of the implant surfaces, so as to address infection and, possibly, co- adjuvate anti-tumor treatments, appears as a breakthrough innovation.
Unmet clinical needs in infection and tumors is presented, with a specific focus on the spine, then, new perspectives are highlighted for their treatment.
NEW HIGH-THROUGHPUT METHODS FOR ANTIBACTERIAL VALIDATION OF METALLIC THIN FILMS: DIFFERENT METALS FOR DIFFERENT MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Ghezzi D. , Sartori M. , Boi M. , Montesissa M. , Sassoni E. , Fini M. , Baldini N. , Cappelletti M. , Graziani G.
Published: January 2024

Prosthetic joint infections represent complications connected to the implantation of biomedical devices, they have high incidence, interfere with osseointegration, and lead to a high societal burden. The microbial biofilm, which is a complex structure of microbial cells firmly attached to a surface, is one of the main issues causing infections. Biofilm- forming bacteria are acquiring more and more resistances to common clinical treatments due to the abuse of antibiotics administration. Therefore, there is increasing need to develop alternative methods exerting antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria. In this context, metal-based coatings with antimicrobial activities have been investigated and are currently used in the clinical practice. However, traditional coatings exhibit some drawbacks related to the insufficient adhesion to the substrate, scarce uniformity and scarce control over the toxic metal release reducing their efficacy. Here, we propose the use of antimicrobial silver-based nanostructured thin films to discourage bacterial infections. Coatings are obtained by Ionized Jet Deposition, a plasma-assisted technique that permits to manufacture films of submicrometric thickness having a nanostructured surface texture, allow tuning silver release, and avoid delamination. To mitigate interference with osseointegration, here silver composites with bone apatite and hydroxyapatite were explored. The antibacterial efficacy of silver films was tested in vitro against gram- positive and gram-negative species to determine the optimal coatings characteristics by assessing reduction of bacterial viability, adhesion to substrate, and biofilm formation. Efficacy was tested in an in vivo rabbit model, using a multidrug-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus showing significant reduction of the bacterial load on the silver prosthesis both when coated with the metal only (>99% reduction) and when in combination with bone apatite (>86% reduction). These studies indicate that IJD films are highly tunable and can be a promising route to overcome the main challenges in orthopedic prostheses.
IN VITRO 3D STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF UNIAXIAL LOADING ON NAÏVE MSC DIFFERENTIATION FATE
Authors: Füllemann P. , Jörimann T. , Bella E.D. , Stoddart M. , Matthys R. , Verrier S.
Published: January 2024

Bone healing outcome is highly dependent on the initial mechanical fracture environment [1]. In vivo, direct bone healing requires absolute stability and an interfragmentary strain (IFS) below 2% [2]. In the majority of cases, however, endochondral ossification is engaged where frequency and amplitude of IFS are key factors. Still, at the cellular level, the influence of those parameters remains unknown. Understanding the regulation of naïve hMSC differentiation is essential for developing effective bone healing strategies.

Human bone-marrow-derived MSC (KEK-ZH-NR: 2010–0444/0) were embedded in 8% gelatin methacryol. Samples (5mm Ø x 4mm) were subjected to 0, 10 and 30% compressive strain (5sec compression, 2hrs pause sequence for 14 days) using a multi-well uniaxial bioreactor (RISystem) and in presence of chondro-permissive medium (CP, DMEM HG, 1% NEAA, 10 µM ITS, 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid, and 100 mM Dex). Cell differentiation was assessed by qRT-PCR and histo-/immunohistology staining. Experiments were repeated 5 times with cells from 5 donors in duplicate. ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc correction or Kurskal-Wallis test with Dunn's correction was used.

Data showed a strong upregulation of hypertrophic related genes COMP, MMP13 and Type 10 collagen upon stimulation when compared to chondrogenic SOX9, ACAN, Type 2 collagen or to osteoblastic related genes Type 1 Collagen, Runx2. When compared to chondrogenic control medium, cells in CP with or without stimulation showed low proteoglycan synthesis as shown by Safranine-O-green staining. In addition, the cells were significantly larger in 10% and 30% strain compared to control medium with 0% strain. Type 1 and 10 collagens immunostaining showed stronger Coll 10 expression in the samples subjected to strain compared to control.

Uniaxial deformation seems to mainly promote hypertrophic-like chondrocyte differentiation of MSC. Osteogenic or potentially late hypertrophic related genes are also induced by strain.

Acknowledgments: Funded by the AO Foundation, StrainBot sponsored by RISystemAG & PERRENS 101 GmbH
The “Lost” Peroneal Vessel – A Rare Anatomical Variation in Free Fibula Flap Harvest
Authors:   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Giri Sanjay Kumar , Rajpoot Akanksha ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Suba Santanu ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Jain Mantu ,   Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Vascularized free fibula flap is one of the commonly used flaps in autologous soft-tissue and osseous reconstructions in the modern era. While there is abundant literature available on the variable branching pattern and course of the popliteal artery, tibial arteries, and dorsalis pedis artery, there is a paucity of text available on the not-so-common peroneal vessels. Case Report: A case of a 60-year-old male who was diagnosed with carcinoma of buccal mucosa with involvement of the mandible of the right side was planned for wide local excision with modified radical neck dissection and resurfacing of the resultant defect using a contralateral free fibula osseocutaneous free flap. Intraoperatively, the peroneal vessels were noted to have a premature termination along the lateral border of distal one-third of the fibula, after giving a communicating branch to an anterior tibial artery. The flap was raised based on the same pedicle, without ligating any distal portion of the vessel. Reconstruction of the defect and post-operative recovery was uneventful. Full flap survival was observed. Conclusion: We report this case as this vascular “anomaly” is one of its kind and has been oblivious to the literature and practicing microsurgeons globally. Keywords: Osseocutaneous free flap, peroneal vessel anomaly, reconstruction.
Conversion of First Metatarsal-Phalangeal Joint Arthrodesis to Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors:   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Valley Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, [2] The Foot and Ankle Institute at Desert Orthopaedic Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States,, Walsh John P , Moyer Benjamin ,   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Valley Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, [2] The Foot and Ankle Institute at Desert Orthopaedic Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States,, McDermott Ryland M ,   [3] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States., Watson Troy S ,   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Valley Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, [2] The Foot and Ankle Institute at Desert Orthopaedic Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States,
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Arthrodesis remains the gold standard for most first metatarsal-phalangeal joint (1MTPJ) pathologic conditions due to its high patient satisfaction, low complication rates, and consistent data. 1MTPJ arthroplasty remains a pursued procedure given the advantages described above, but the literature remains complicated and controversial as a primary surgical treatment. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no prior report describing utilization of arthroplasty as an approach to managing clinical failure of a successful fusion in the setting of a technically successful procedure without a post-operative complication. Case Report: We present a case report of a 70-year-old female patient who underwent a successful 1MTPJ arthrodesis for hallux valgus and hallux rigidus and extensive tarsometatarsal arthrodesis for midfoot arthritis. Although the patient had radiographic evidence of successful fusion and had no surgical complications, she presented with dissatisfaction and pain due to functional limitations imposed by the procedure sequelae. The patient was diagnosed with right foot hallux interphalangeus with painful retained hardware. Conservative management failed to improve dissatisfaction or symptoms, and the patient opted for surgical takedown of her fusion with conversion to metatarsal-phalangeal joint arthroplasty, removal of hardware, and second toe proximal phalanx exostectomy. A stepwise surgical technique is described for the procedure, which was successful in addressing the patient’s perceived clinical failure. Conclusion: Our case report describes a rare example of a patient who did not tolerate successful arthrodesis of the 1MTPJ, which was successfully revised to recreate the joint using a decellularized dermal allograft. The procedure resulted in fantastic patient satisfaction and long-term outcomes. This case report highlights a potential salvage option for patients who do not tolerate a 1MTPJ arthrodesis. Keywords: Case report, first metatarsal-phalangeal joint fusion, revision arthroplasty, interpositional arthroplasty, hallux interphalangeus.
Posterior Epidural Migrated Lumbar Disc Fragment at L2–3 Level Mimicking an Extradural Spinal Tumor: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan., Kozaki Takuhei , Nagata Keiji ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan., Miyake Ryo ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan., Kozaki Takahiro ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan., Yamada Hiroshi ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Disc sequestration is well known as a perforation of the fibrous ring and posterior longitudinal ligament, and migration of the fragment to the epidural space. Case Report: A 62-year-old man complained of increased pain and hypoesthesia and muscle weakness of the left lower limb that had started 1 month before. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor-like mass at the L2–3 level on the posterior side of the dura. The fragment was strongly adhered to the dural sac and was resected piece by piece. Disc herniation recognized at L2–3 compressed the left L3 nerve root and was removed. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with a degenerated intervertebral disc. All symptoms improved after the surgery. Conclusions: There are few reports about the posterior migrated disc herniation at higher lumbar level. It may be associated with fused segments from L4 to the pelvis due to the previous surgery, which impacted the adjacent segment. Keywords: Posterior epidural disc fragment, spinal tumor mimic, disc herniation, fused spine.
Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist – Keeping it Simple – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, HOSMAT Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India,, Pai Satvik N , Jeyaraman Naveen ,   Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,, Jayakumar Tarun ,   Department of Orthopaedics, KIMS-Sunshine Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Jeyaraman Madhan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Scapholunate advanced collapse is a rare condition of progressive deformity, instability, and arthritis that affects the radiocarpal and mid-carpal joints of the wrist. It occurs as a result of injury to the scapholunate ligament being left untreated. Case Report: We present the imaging of a 50-year-old woman who complained of pain in her right wrist for 2 years. Radiographs of the wrist revealed scapholunate diastasis (Terry Thomas Sign), arthritis of the radio-scaphoid joint, dorsal intercalated segment instability, radial styloid beaking, and proximal migration of capitate. We also demonstrate the measurement of radiological parameters such as scapholunate angle. Conclusion: A complete in-depth radiological analysis can thus demonstrate several signs that can prevent missed diagnosis. Increased awareness regarding these radiological signs can avoid the unnecessary higher imaging modalities being performed. Keywords: Scapholunate, collapse, wrist, radio-scaphoid joint.
How we do it? Trimalleolar Fractures: Posterolateral Approach for Fixing the Syndesmotic Ligament, Posterior Malleolus, and Fibula
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Tanpure Sanket , Chaughule Chandrasen ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Date Jay ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Sonawane Akash ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India., Lohiya Mayur ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Dr Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Syndesmotic injury in trimalleolar fracture is necessary to address intraoperatively by stability test, as it affects post-operative functional outcomes. Most of syndesmotic injuries are stable after fixation of the posterior malleolus, but in rare cases, syndesmosis is not stable after adequate fixation. In those rare conditions, we have to fix syndesmosis by corticocancellous (CC) screw throw lateral fibula plate. We emphasize this complex problem and offer solutions to overcome it. Case Report: Case 1: A 45-year-old male suffered significant trauma to his right ankle from a slip and fall, resulting in a trimalleolar fracture. The open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) throw posterolateral approach was performed after wrinkles were seen on the ankle. A four-hole Ellis plate was used in antiglide mode to reduce posterior malleolar fragments. The lateral malleolus is fixed with a 7-hole, 1/3-locking tubular plate with a tricortical syndesmotic CC screw. The medial malleolus was internally fixed by a 6-hole LC-DCP. Case 2: A 49-year-old female suffered significant trauma to her right ankle from a domestic fall, resulting in a trimalleolar fracture. The ORIF throw posterolateral approach was performed after wrinkles were seen on the ankle. A four-hole Ellis plate was used in antiglide mode to reduce posterior malleolar fragments. The lateral malleolus is fixed with an 8-hole, 1/3-locking tubular plate with a tricortical syndesmotic CC screw. The medial malleolus was internally fixed by a 2 CC screw with an 8-hole LC-DCP. The anterior distal tibia fragment was fixed with a 16-mm anteroposterior CC screw. Conclusion: In a trimalleolar ankle fracture, fixation of the posterior malleolus is important for a better post-operative functional outcome, irrespective of the size of the posterior malleolus. The author recommends lateral fibula plate fixation by creating a window between the skin and the peroneus longus and brevis tendon, so we have a chance to put a syndesmotic screw into the lateral plate if syndesmosis is not stable. Keywords: Trimalleolar ankle fracture, syndesmotic injury, posterolateral approach, ORIF.
Multiligament Knee Reconstruction of the ACL, PLC, and ALL in a Floating Knee: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSF Fresno Center for Medical Education and Research, Fresno, California 93721, USA,, Kollmorgen Robert , Singleton Amy ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mercy Health St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio 43608, USA., Eaddy amuel ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mercy Health St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio 43608, USA., Phillips Seth ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Mercy Health St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio 43608, USA.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Ipsilateral fracture of the femur and tibia, known by the moniker “floating knee,” is a serious injury that primarily results from high-energy trauma. Up to 53% of patients with floating knee injuries have concurrent ligamentous injuries, with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) as the most commonly affected ligament. Approximately 10% of multi-ligament knee injuries consist of injuries to both the ACL and posterolateral corner (PLC); however, the literature reporting the management of this patient population is sparse, particularly, with a lack of consensus on the timing and protocol of surgical treatment. Well-characterized treatment guidelines are needed for patients with concomitant floating knee and multi-ligament knee injuries. Case Report: A 26-year-old, previously healthy male involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision presented with upper and lower extremity, skull, and facial fractures, sacropelvic dissociation, and epidural hematoma. Here we describe a rare instance of a floating knee with a multi-ligament knee injury treated through early reconstruction of the ACL, PLC, and anterolateral ligament following stabilization of long bone fractures. Post-injury day 18, the patient underwent single-stage reconstruction of his multi-ligament knee injury. The timing of this was chosen to allow for capsular scar formation to aid in arthroscopy. Conclusion: Our surgical algorithm consists of allograft reconstruction using an all-inside ACL technique and a modified anatomical PLC technique. We recommend early (1–3 weeks) surgical treatment of multi-ligament knee injuries for patients without a closed head injury; however, an individualized treatment approach should be sought, considering the severity of ligamentous injuries, pre-injury activity level, extent of soft-tissue damage, and the activity goals of the patient post-injury. In patients with floating knee injuries, the proposed surgical algorithm here may be utilized for successful multi-ligament knee injury reconstruction. Keywords: Multiligament knee injuries, floating knee, multiligament knee reconstruction, allograft, arthroscopy.
Agentic misrecognition in world politics
Authors: Brincat Shannon , Lindemann Thomas
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of misrecognition has been analysed under various angles by philosophy, political theory, sociology and lately also by international relations (IR). In IR, (mis)recognition is mainly understood as either status denial (i.e. denial of legal state recognition), inflated honor pretentions (including positive self-images, mythical narratives of the past, Great Power projections and so on), or as a denial of vital conditions necessary for identity, individuality, and freedom. There has been much theoretical work on the problem of inclusion/exclusion or the insider/outsider problem in IR and various empirical studies have shown that misrecognition can contribute to international conflict, international inequalities, (neo)colonialism, masculine domination, and limit the overall rationality of decision-making. However, what has been generally overlooked is the question of agency, the ‘who’ that is seeking and/or entitled to be an object and subject of recognition and how such exclusions and related pathologies result from forms of misrecognition. This introduction to Agentic Misrecognition in World Politics engages with some of the problems related to the question of (mis)recognition and agency in IR, the patterns of excluded recognition, and the normative conditions that pertain to these processes of (mis)recognition. It closes with a summation of the research articles and forum contributions to this volume.
Inverse design of a Mamyshev oscillator with MW peak power by a particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Perepelov Alexander , Kuprikov Evgeny , Kokhanovskiy Alexey
Published: January 2024

In this study we demonstrate implementation of a particle swarm optimization algorithm for inverse design of a fiber Mamyshev oscillator. We perform an extensive search in high-dimensional space of cavity parameters to maximize the output pulses’ peak power after external compression. The best obtained pulses have peak power exceeding 2 MW, energy >140nJ, and duration <40fs, and exhibit capabilities of handling ∼75π nonlinear phase accumulation.
Phase noise of a microwave photonic channel: direct-current versus external electro-optic modulation
Authors: Teyssieux Damien , Millo Jacques , Rubiola Enrico , Boudot Rodolphe
Published: January 2024

We characterize the phase noise of a microwave photonic channel, where a 10 GHz signal is carried by an intensity-modulated light beam over a short optical fiber, and detected. Two options are compared: (i) an electro-optic modulator (EOM), and (ii) the direct modulation of the laser current. The 1.55 µm laser and the detector are the same. The effect of experimental parameters is investigated, the main being the microwave power and the laser bias current. The main result is that the upper bound of the phase flicker is −117dBrad2 in the case of the EOM, limited by the background noise of the setup. In contrast, with direct modulation of the laser, the flicker is of −114 to −100dBrad2, depending on the laser bias current (50–90 mA), and the highest noise occurs at the lowest bias. Our results are of interest in communications, radar systems, instrumentation, and metrology.
Diverse mode operation fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear multimode interference
Authors: Deng Gang , Yang Qiaochu , Du Silun , Chen Bowen , Li Baoqun , Wang Tianshu
Published: January 2024

We present an all-fiber passively mode-locked (ML) laser with a nonlinear multimode interference (NLMI)-based saturable absorber (SA) capable of generating five pulse modes. The SA consists of two centrally aligned graded index multimode fiber (GIMF) with different diameters (105-50 µm) and features a widely adjustable transmission with saturable/reverse-saturable absorption. Based on this, dissipative soliton (DS), Q-switched rectangular pulse (QRP), dissipative soliton resonance (DSR), noise-like pulse (NLP) and bright-dark pulse pairs (BDP) are observed at three dispersions without additional filter. The DS has a pulse energy, bandwidth and duration of up to 1.15 nJ, 17.98 nm and ∼2.78 ps. The achievable pulse duration and energy of DSR and NLP are 5.21, 48.06 ns and 4.53, 5.12 nJ, respectively. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the BDP is superimposed by a chair-case pulse (CP) and a rectangular pulse (RP) belonging to orthogonal polarization states. The versatility, flexibility, simplicity and energy scalability of the large-core hybrid GIMF-SA, make it interesting and highly attractive in ultrafast photonics.
Physics-based supervised learning method for high dynamic range 3D measurement with high fidelity
Authors: Li Fuqian , Niu Xingman , Zhang Jing , Zhang Qican , Wang Yajun
Published: January 2024

High dynamic range (HDR) 3D measurement is a meaningful but challenging problem. Recently, many deep-learning-based methods have been proposed for the HDR problem. However, due to learning redundant fringe intensity information, their networks are difficult to converge for data with complex surface reflectivity and various illumination conditions, resulting in non-robust performance. To address this problem, we propose a physics-based supervised learning method. By introducing the physical model for phase retrieval, we design a novel, to the best of our knowledge, sinusoidal-component-to-sinusoidal-component mapping paradigm. Consequently, the scale difference of fringe intensity in various illumination scenarios can be eliminated. Compared with conventional supervised-learning methods, our method can greatly promote the convergence of the network and the generalization ability, while compared with the recently proposed unsupervised-learning method, our method can recover complex surfaces with much more details. To better evaluate our method, we specially design the experiment by training the network merely using the metal objects and testing the performance using different diffuse sculptures, metal surfaces, and their hybrid scenes. Experiments for all the testing scenarios have high-quality phase recovery with an STD error of about 0.03 rad, which reveals the superior generalization ability for complex reflectivity and various illumination conditions. Furthermore, the zoom-in 3D plots of the sculpture verify its fidelity on recovering fine details.
Reconstruction and analysis of transient evolution images of laser-produced plasma plumes
Authors: He Siqi , Min Qi , Lu Haidong , Wu Yanhong , Cao Shiquan , Sun Duixiong , Zhang Denghong , Su Maogen , Dong Chenzhong
Published: January 2024

We introduce a method for the analysis and simulation of transient images of laser-produced plasma (LPP) plumes. This method comprises three steps: (i) calculating the two-dimensional distribution of plasma parameters using a radiation hydrodynamics model, (ii) constructing radiation paths through ray tracing, and (iii) solving the radiation transport equation along these paths. In our simulations, we have meticulously considered factors that could influence the imaging results, including the quantum efficiency to different radiation wavelengths, the imaging lens’ transmittance, the target surface’s reflectivity, and the absorption, emission, and scattering quantum effect of the detector processes occurring in the plasma. We applied this method to analyze and simulate the transient images of aluminum plasma plumes in a background air environment at a pressure of 2000 Pa. The results demonstrate that our method not only produces simulated images that align with experimental results but also provides a reliable distribution of plasma state parameters and clearly identifies the ion species radiating in different bands. Given its capability in transient image reconstruction and its adaptability as a tool for spectral simulation and analysis of LPPs, we believe this method holds significant potential for spectral diagnostics in fields such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, extreme ultraviolet lithography sources, and high-energy-density physics, among others.
Two-step retrace error calibration removing tilt ambiguity in coherence scanning interferometry
Authors: Huang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Austin Corey , Kim Daewook , Idir Mourad
Published: January 2024

In interferometry measurement, the retrace error often limits its high-precision metrology applications. Retrace error calibration with tilted flats can give a relation between the retrace error and the introduced tilt angles, but there is still an ambiguity between the introduced tilt angles and the tilt terms in the created retrace error. We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, two-step calibration method to resolve this tilt ambiguity. It involves additional measurements of spherical mirror(s) with known curvature(s). The experiment shows that the curvature deviation due to the tilt ambiguity can be significantly reduced after applying the proposed method.
Controllable orbital–angular–momentum Hall effect by engineering intrinsic orbit–orbit interaction
Authors: Ren Jianbin , Lin Haolin , Liao Yixuan , Yin Hao , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenqiang , Fu Shenhe
Published: January 2024

We report both theoretically and experimentally a process of optical intrinsic orbit–orbit interaction with a vortex–antivortex structure nested in a freely propagating light field. The orbit–orbit interaction is originating from the coupling between different vortices and antivortices. Based on this process, we reveal the resultant controllable orbital–angular–momentum Hall effect by considering a typical structure, which comprises a vortex–antivortex pair and another vortex (or antivortex) as a controllable knob. The intrinsic Hall effect can be spatially manipulated by appropriately engineering the orbit–orbit interaction, namely arranging the initial distribution of these elements. This work can find interesting potential applications. For example, it provides an effective technique for controllable paired photon generation.
All-fiber broadband spectral acousto-optic modulation of a tubular-lattice hollow-core optical fiber
Authors: da Silva Ricardo E. , Osório Jonas H. , Rodrigues Gabriel L. , Webb David J. , Gérôme Frédéric , Benabid Fetah , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Franco Marcos A. R.
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate a broadband acousto-optic notch filter based on a tubular-lattice hollow-core fiber for the first time to our knowledge. The guided optical modes are modulated by acoustically induced dynamic long-period gratings along the fiber. The device is fabricated employing a short interaction length (7.7 cm) and low drive voltages (10 V). Modulated spectral bands with 20 nm half-width and maximum depths greater than 60% are achieved. The resonant notch wavelength is tuned from 743 to 1355 nm (612 nm span) by changing the frequency of the electrical signal. The results indicate a broader tuning range compared to previous studies using standard and hollow-core fibers. It further reveals unique properties for reconfigurable spectral filters and fiber lasers, pointing to the fast switching and highly efficient modulation of all-fiber photonic devices.
Reuleaux triangle core fiber with triple rotational symmetry
Authors: Wang Donghui , Wang Jian , Ma Chao , Feng Chengcheng , Zhang Xiaotong , Yuan Tingting , Yuan Libo
Published: January 2024

A Reuleaux triangle core fiber (RTF) with triple rotational symmetry is proposed and fabricated. Then the RTF is twisted to form the chiral fiber grating, which converts the core mode into a vortex mode containing 3rd-order orbital angular momentum (OAM). Based on the Fourier expansion of the core boundary, the straight-sided and arc-sided triangular core profiles were analyzed, revealing the mechanism of high-efficiency OAM3 generation. The experimental results show a 3rd-order vortex mode with a high conversion efficiency and purity, and the polarization-independent characteristics endowed by the core shape are also confirmed. The proposed RTF provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, way for higher-order vortex beam generation, which can be used in optical fiber communication systems with OAM multiplexing.
Large-sized light-emitting diode integrated with a thermopile for on-chip temperature and power monitoring
Authors: Yan Jiabin , Fang Li , Yan Yiqun , Sun Zhihang , Shi Fan , Shi Zheng , Wang Yongjin
Published: January 2024

A large-sized multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diode (LED) integrated with a thermopile for on-chip temperature and power monitoring is presented in this study. Seven thermopile structures, fully compatible with the fabrication of LEDs, are strategically placed at different locations on the LED to monitor its temperature during the operation. Additionally, the thermopile allows for monitoring the power of the LED, as there exists an approximate linear relationship between the light output power and temperature. Compared to traditional methods of measuring LED temperature, the thermopile offers several advantages, including no moving parts, long lifetime, no maintenance, high reliability, and direct conversion without intermediate processes. The results demonstrate that the integration of the thermopiles onto the LED provides superior temperature and power monitoring capabilities. Furthermore, this integrated solution has the potential to enable real-time management and control of LED temperature.
Evaluating child helmet protection and testing standards: A study using PIPER child head models aged 1.5, 3, 6, and 18 years
Authors: Li Xiaogai , von Schantz Anna , Fahlstedt Madelen , Halldin Peter
Published: January 2024

The anatomy of children’s heads is unique and distinct from adults, with smaller and softer skulls and unfused fontanels and sutures. Despite this, most current helmet testing standards for children use the same peak linear acceleration threshold as for adults. It is unclear whether this is reasonable and otherwise what thresholds should be. To answer these questions, helmet-protected head responses for different ages are needed which is however lacking today. In this study, we apply continuously scalable PIPER child head models of 1.5, 3, and 6 years old (YO), and an upgraded 18YO to study child helmet protection under extensive linear and oblique impacts. The results of this study reveal an age-dependence trend in both global kinematics and tissue response, with younger children experiencing higher levels of acceleration and velocity, as well as increased skull stress and brain strain. These findings indicate the need for better protection for younger children, suggesting that youth helmets should have a lower linear kinematic threshold, with a preliminary value of 150g for 1.5-year-old helmets. However, the results also show a different trend in rotational kinematics, indicating that the threshold of rotational velocity for a 1.5YO is similar to that for adults. The results also support the current use of small-sized adult headforms for testing child helmets before new child headforms are available.
A cost benefits analysis of the adoption of system of rice intensification: Evidence from smallholder rice farmers within an innovation platform in Oluch irrigation scheme, Kenya
Authors: Ouma Matilda A. , Ouma Luke O. , Ombati Justus M. , Onyango Christopher A.
Published: January 2024

In the wake of climate change and dwindling natural resources, system of rice intensification has been fronted as an approach to improve rice production in several countries. Besides the benefits such as improved rice productivity, reduced water usage that have widely been observed, there is need to quantify the economic benefits of system of rice intensification accrued to farmers, thereby promoting it as an innovation to improve livelihoods of rice farmers. This aim of this paper is to quantify the economic benefits of undertaking SRI among smallholder rice farmers. We introduced SRI among smallholder farmers in a rural setting in western Kenya, Oluch irrigation scheme, through an innovation platform approach. Over the period of four years (2016–2019), we quantify the benefits accrued to the uptake of the technology among adopters of the technology. Our comparisons are in reference to a baseline study conducted prior to the full-scale promotion of SRI in the study area. Our study findings reveal that the uptake of specific SRI practices increased by at least 30–80%, and acreage under rice farming increased by 50%. Besides, SRI required more production costs per acre (63% increase), although SRI had at least 28.6% higher return per shilling invested. Our findings underscore previous results in the literature that SRI is associated with not only productivity but also economic benefits justifying the need for scaling especially among smallholder farmers. Nonetheless, efficient approaches to scaling such promising technologies are necessary to enhance productivity and subsequently improve livelihoods.
Fluence-dependent degradation of fibrillar type I collagen by 222 nm far-UVC radiation
Authors: Kowalewski Antonia , Forde Nancy R.
Published: January 2024

For more than 100 years, germicidal lamps emitting 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been used for drinking-water disinfection and surface sterilization. However, due to the carcinogenic nature of 254 nm UV, these lamps have been unable to be used for clinical procedures such as wound or surgical site sterilization. Recently, technical advances have facilitated a new generation of germicidal lamp whose emissions centre at 222 nm. These novel 222 nm lamps have commensurate antimicrobial properties to 254 nm lamps while producing few short- or long-term health effects in humans upon external skin exposure. However, to realize the full clinical potential of 222 nm UV, its safety upon internal tissue exposure must also be considered. Type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in the body, where it self-assembles into fibrils which play a crucial role in connective tissue structure and function. In this work, we investigate the effect of 222 nm UV radiation on type I collagen fibrils in vitro. We show that collagen’s response to irradiation with 222 nm UV is fluence-dependent, ranging from no detectable fibril damage at low fluences to complete fibril degradation and polypeptide chain scission at high fluences. However, we also show that fibril degradation is significantly attenuated by increasing collagen sample thickness. Given the low fluence threshold for bacterial inactivation and the macroscopic thickness of collagenous tissues in vivo, our results suggest a range of 222 nm UV fluences which may inactivate pathogenic bacteria without causing significant damage to fibrillar collagen. This presents an initial step toward the validation of 222 nm UV radiation for internal tissue disinfection.
Sublethal effects of imidacloprid-contaminated honey stores on colony performance, queens, and worker activities in fall and early winter colonies
Authors: Carroll Mark J. , Brown Nicholas J. , Reitz Dylan
Published: January 2024

Neonicotinoid-contaminated sugar stores can have both near term and long term effects on honey bees due to their persistence in honey stores. Effects of imidacloprid food stores contaminants were examined in subtropical colonies that experience reduced brood rearing and foraging during overwintering. Colonies were given treatment sugar syrup containing 0 ppb (control), 20 ppb (field relevant), or 100 ppb (above field relevant) imidacloprid over six weeks to simulate contaminated fall nectar. Colonies were evaluated immediately (post-treatment) and 10 weeks (mid-winter) after treatment to compare proximal and latent effects. Post-treatment 0 ppb and 20 ppb colonies had more workers than 100 ppb colonies while 0 ppb colonies more brood than 20 ppb or 100 ppb colonies. Mid-winter 0 ppb and 20 ppb colonies had more workers than 100 ppb colonies and 0 ppb colonies more brood than 100 ppb colonies. Colonies experienced seasonal declines in stored pollen but no treatment effects. Lower 100 ppb colony performance was associated with reduced effort rather than lifespan. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tracking revealed that workers had similar adult lifespans across treatments; however, 100 ppb workers engaged in activities outside the colony for less time than 0 ppb workers. Imidacloprid exposure affected queen but not worker nutritional physiology. Nurses retained well-developed hypopharyngeal glands (as indicated by head protein) across treatments. Mid-winter queens from 0 ppb colonies had marginally higher ovary protein than queens from 100 ppb colonies and more ovary lipids than queens from 20 ppb colonies. However, queen nutrient stores in non-reproductive tissues (fat bodies) did not differ across treatments. Queens from different treatments were attended by comparable numbers of retinue workers and had similar gland contents of four QMP (Queen Mandibular Pheromone) components essential to queen care. High levels of imidacloprid in sugar stores can negatively affect colony performance months after initial storage.
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), the 8- and 10-item post-traumatic growth inventory-short form (PTGI-SF) scales
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Fawaz Mirna , Hallit Rabih , Sawma Toni , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil
Published: January 2024

Background

Given their clinical significance and impact on stress response and their potential malleability, resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) should receive greater attention as relevant constructs in clinical and research practice in the Arab context. We aimed through the present study to test the psychometric properties of Arabic translations of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC-10), the 10-item and the 8-item Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) in a sample of Lebanese adults from the general population.

Methods

Three hundred eighty-seven Arabic-speaking participants (mean age = 26.17; 58.4% females) responded to a self-report web-based questionnaire. The forward and backward translation method was applied with the approval of the original developers of the scales.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that fit of the one-factor model was acceptable, and all indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender for all the three scales. The CD-RISC-10, the 10-item and the 8-item PTGI-SF yielded a good internal consistency, with a McDonald’s ω of .89, .95, and .93, respectively. Higher resilience and higher PTG were significantly and positively associated with greater cognitive reappraisal and lower emotion suppression, supporting convergent validity.

Conclusion

We preliminarily suggest that these Arabic instruments are appropriate for use in Lebanese community adults to assess different positive responses after life crises, identify people with lack or low levels of resilience and growth who might need intervention, and monitor their response to therapy. Further cross-cultural validations should seek to extend their use in broader Arabic-speaking populations and settings.
A landscape of mouse mitochondrial small non-coding RNAs
Authors: Siniscalchi Chiara , Di Palo Armando , Petito Giuseppe , Senese Rosalba , Manfrevola Francesco , Leo Ilenia De , Mosca Nicola , Chioccarelli Teresa , Porreca Veronica , Marchese Giovanna , Ravo Maria , Chianese Rosanna , Cobellis Gilda , Lanni Antonia , Russo Aniello , Potenza Nicoletta
Published: January 2024

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly miRNAs, play key roles in a plethora of biological processes both in health and disease. Although largely operative in the cytoplasm, emerging data indicate their shuttling in different subcellular compartments. Given the central role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis, here we systematically profiled their small ncRNAs content across mouse tissues that largely rely on mitochondria functioning. The ubiquitous presence of piRNAs in mitochondria (mitopiRNA) of somatic tissues is reported for the first time, supporting the idea of a strong and general connection between mitochondria biology and piRNA pathways. Then, we found groups of tissue-shared and tissue-specific mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs), potentially related to the “basic” or “cell context dependent” biology of mitochondria. Overall, this large data platform will be useful to deepen the knowledge about small ncRNAs processing and their governed regulatory networks contributing to mitochondria functions.
A protocol and a data-based prediction to investigate virus spillover at the wildlife interface in human-dominated and protected habitats in Thailand: The Spillover Interface project
Authors: Thinphovong Chuanphot , Nordstrom-Schuler Ewan , Soisook Pipat , Kritiyakan Anamika , Chakngean Ronnakrit , Prapruti Sakarin , Tanita Malee , Paladsing Yossapong , Makaew Phurin , Pimsai Awatsaya , Samoh Abdulloh , Mahuzier Christophe , Morand Serge , Chaisiri Kittipong , Phimpraphai Waraphon
Published: January 2024

The Spillover Interface Project aims at assessing the encounter of wildlife, domestic animals, and humans along a landscape gradient from a protected area to a residential community, through areas of reforestation and agricultural land. Here, we present the protocols of the project that combine virus screening in humans, bats, rodents and dogs with camera trapping, land-use characterization, and network analyses. The project is taking place in the sub-district of Saen Thong (Nan Province, Thailand) in collaboration with local communities, the District Public Health Office, and Nanthaburi National Park. To formulate a predictive hypothesis for the Spillover Interface Project, we assess the wildlife diversity and their viral diversity that could be observed in Saen Thong through a data science analysis approach. Potential mammalian species are estimated using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and their associated viral diversity from a published open database. A network analysis approach is used to represent and quantify the transmission of the potential viruses hosted by the mammals present in Saen Thong, according to the IUCN. A total of 57 viruses are expected to be found and shared between 43 host species, including the domestic dog and the human species. By following the protocols presented here, the Spillover Interface Project will collect the data and samples needed to test this data-driven prediction.
Investigating the relationship between muscle mass and nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Chen Baixing , Li Shaoshuo , Lin Shi , Dong Hang
Published: January 2024

Background

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization is associated with an increased risk of infection disease. Low muscle mass has been linked to higher levels of inflammatory markers and weakened immune response, which may impact the susceptibility to nasal MRSA colonization. The relationship between muscle function and immune response to pathogens may be bidirectional. This study investigates the association between muscle mass and nasal MRSA colonization in adults.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2004. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) adjusted by body mass index (BMI) (ASM/BMI) was used to evaluate muscle mass. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for demographic and infection factors, was used to analyze the association between muscle mass and nasal colonization by MRSA. A subgroup analysis based on age and gender was performed to assess the impact of muscle mass on nasal MRSA colonization.

Results

Nasal MRSA colonization was more prevalent in females, those with smaller household sizes, lower income, lower ASM/BMI, those who had stayed in healthcare facilities in the past 12 months, and individuals with diabetes and smoking habits. After adjusting for confounding factors, a dose-dependent association was found between decreasing quartiles of ASM/BMI and the risk of nasal MRSA colonization (p < 0.05). Additionally, per 1 unit increase in ASM/BMI was related to a 64% lower risk of nasal MRSA colonization.

Conclusions

This study suggests a significant negative correlation between ASM/BMI and the risk of nasal MRSA colonization. However, more prospective studies are required to investigate the causal relationship between muscle mass and colonization.