bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características y análisis del recaudo del impuesto de industria y comercio vigencia 2017 en Cúcuta, Los Patios y Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Pinillos Villamizar Jesús Alexander , Ochoa Torres Agustín , Nariño Vila Gloria Milena , Arévalo Botello Marle Yanedt
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this work was to analyze the collection and characterization of the Industry and Commerce tax and the accelerated collection mechanism in the municipalities of Cúcuta, Los Patios and Villa del Rosario (North of Santander), during 2017. The methodology is based on a descriptive-documentary research with a quantitative approach, made up of the bibliographic review, the analysis of the normativity characteristics showed that the application of the tax is similar in the three municipalities, since the elements of the assessment are clearly defined and part of the direct or indirect realization of any economic activity. Similarly, similar collection policies were identified regarding discounts for prompt payment, amnesties and coercive collection, also finding differences in the use of communication strategies with the community, which has facilitate the payment of the tax and the recovery of defaulters. Finally, strategies were proposed to improve the collection of industry and commerce tax in these municipalities
Calculating Cutoff Speeds of a Multistage Pump Rotor Taking into Account Lomakin Effect in the Front Seal of the Impeller
Authors: Svoboda D.G. , Zharkovskii A.A. , Ivanov E.A. , Borshchev I.O.
Published: February 2020

Studies of dynamic frequencies are an important stage in designing multistage vane pumps. This research aimed to confirm the rigidity and vibrational reliability of the pump rotor. Based on the recommendations of J.F. Gülich, the nominal rotational speed of the rotor shaft should differ from the cutoff speed by no less than 25 %. The Lomakin effect supposes taking into consideration the hydrodynamic forces acting in the gap seals and having a damping effect on the pump rotor. This research solved the problem of developing and verifying a numerical method of calculating hydrodynamic forces, which arise in seals of vane pumps at critical speeds. The studies were conducted on a ‘dry’ model of the rotor using ANSYS Mechanical software package. During computational modeling of bearings and seals, the COMBIT214 ele¬ment was used where the stiffness coefficient values were set. These values were determined by calculating the flow parameters in the gap seal using ANSYS CFX. The proposed method was verified using the experimental data obtained. The seal rigidity was calculated for different operating modes of the pump. It was shown that the hydrodynamic forces which arose in the gap seals had a significant influence on the rotor’s critical speed. Accounting for these forces increased the main own frequency of the rotor by approximately 44 %. This fact had a significant qualitative and quantitative impact on the vibrational characteristics of the pump. This study showed that the value of the hydrodynamic force was influenced by several factors: shaft deflection, differential pressure and geometry of the gap seal. The proposed method is recommended for use for multistage centrifugal pumps.
THE DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF CIRCULATING MICRORNA FOR NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Gimadiev P. P. , Niiazov A. R. , Mukhin V. E. , Ogurtsov P. P.
Published: February 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases in the world. The biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis but due to its invasiveness, this procedure is not suitable for the massive screening. There are laboratory criteria of primary medical examination of the patients who are suspected to have NAFLD that allow diagnosing the pathological process, but these criteria do not comply with clinicians’ requirements. At the same time, it is crucial to identify the patients in the initial stages of NAFLD. Recently, the attention of the scientists was concentrated on the research of the mechanism of NAFLD development and new diagnostic approaches. Accumulating results of this research show that NAFLD development is regulated with epigenetic factors, including microRNAs family (microRNA, miR), that may have high diagnostic and prognostic value. In this review, data extracted from PubMed are used to discuss the potential role of microRNA in the liver lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease. The possibilities of micro RNA (miR-16, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-103, miR-122, miR-145, miR-192, and others) use as prospective biomarkers for low-invasive NAFLD diagnostic, evaluation of steatosis activity and fibrosis score and stages, and prognostic markers of the disease are reviewed. This research discusses the analytical characteristics, benefits and possible limitations of their use in the clinical practice. The preliminary data allow claiming that some microRNAs are extremely perspective low-invasive diagnostic instrument and further research is required to investigate the impact of certain microRNAs in the pathogenetic mechanism of NAFLD development.
THE ESTIMATION OF THE HEPATITIS E PROPORTION IN THE ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS IN CERTAIN REGIONS OF KYRGYZSTAN
Authors: Alatortseva Galina Ivanovna , Lukhverchik L. N. , Nesterenko L. N. , Dotsenko V. V. , Amiantova I. I. , Mikhailov M. I. , Kyuregian K. K. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Nurmatov Z. S. , Nurmatov A. Z. , Tashov K. E. , Kasymov O. T. , Zverev V. V.
Published: February 2020

Despite the fact that the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) belongs to the highly endemic regions of the world for hepatitis E, the true extent of the spread of this infection in the country remains poorly understood. It was estimated the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) from the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic with a high level of seroprevalence previously established by us. Blood sera samples of hepatitis patients who were admitted to hospitals of Kyrgyzstan in the period 2018-2019 were examined by the enzyme immunoassay method using the kits «DS-ELISA-Anti-HEV-IgG» and «DS-ELISA-ANTI-HEV-IgM» (RPC Diagnostic Systems, Russia). IgG and IgM antibodies to HEV were detected in 103 of 344 studied samples (29.9%). Most often, seropositive specimens were detected among people of age groups under 20 and over 40 years old. Hepatitis with the fecal-oral mode of transmission was dominated in the structure of AVH: the specific gravity of hepatitis E was 47.9%, hepatitis A - 35.32%. Markers of mixed infections with other hepatitis viruses have been detected in 40.4% IgM-positive individuals. Thus, high prevalence of serological markers of HEV infection in the territory of Kyrgyzstan during the interepidemic period had been shown. The necessity of including the determination of serological markers of hepatitis E into the algorithm for the comprehensive diagnosis of AVH in patients of all age groups with liver pathology had been confirmed.
SOLUBLE FORMS OF ADHESIVE MOLECULES IN BLOOD SERUM AS A MARKER OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PARODONTITIS
Authors: Govorunova Tatyana Valerievna , Popykhova E. B. , Shirokov V. Yu. , Ivanov A. N.
Published: February 2020

An important factor in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in periodontitis is endothelial dysfunction (ED). Adhesion molecules are markers of impaired barrier function, adhesive properties and vascular permeability. The study of the concentration of soluble adhesion molecules is very promising in the diagnosis of ED. The purpose of this research was to study changes in the concentration of soluble forms of adhesive molecules of the selectin family and the immunoglobulin superfamily when used as markers of systemic manifestations of ED in the dynamics of the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis (CP) using surgical and therapeutic schemes. 60 patients with CP (33 women and 27 men) and 20 clinically healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women) were examined. The state of the endothelium was assessed by the content in the serum of soluble forms of adhesive molecules - sP- and sE-selectins, intercellular adhesive molecules of type 1 (sICAM-1), vascular molecules of cell adhesion of type 1 (VCAM-1) by ELISA. The short-term results of non-surgical treatment of CP are more effective in correction of vascular wall adhesive properties disorders compared with surgical treatment. Conservative treatment of chronic hepatitis C effectively adjusted the blood content of adherent endothelium molecules in women than in men. The long-term results of applying this scheme were characterized by partial preservation of a positive effect on the adhesive properties of the endothelium, however, long-term results were inferior to short-term ones. Surgical treatment of CP in women in the early postoperative period was accompanied by reactive impairment of the adhesive properties of the endothelium. The long-term results of this treatment regimen testified to its greater effectiveness. In women, the effectiveness of treatment of CP in restoring the adhesive properties of the endothelium was higher than in men. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the systemic manifestations of ED in CP were characterized by an increase in the concentration in the blood of soluble forms of adhesion molecules. The dynamics of the concentration of adhesive molecules during the treatment of СР testified to the dependence of the sex of patients on the effectiveness of the influence of therapeutic and surgical treatment regimens on the systemic manifestations of ED.
Modernidades Industriais do Maranhão
Authors: Santos Anna Karla de Almeida , Pflueger Grete Soares
Published: February 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo compreender as modernidades industriais do Maranhão, abordando os ciclos econômicos do Estado e desenvolvimento urbano, com destaque a implantação das fábricas da virada do século XIX para o XX e sua influência nas transformações urbanas da capital São Luís, entre o centro e os eixos de expansão urbana do Caminho Grande até o Anil, ressaltando o aparecimento dos bungalows burgueses e dos bairros operários como o Filipinho. Como conclusão, o artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre toda a trajetória urbano econômica do Estado e sua percepção como patrimônio industrial brasileiro.
O uso da digitalização tridimensional no mapeamento de danos dos ladrilhos hidráulicos do Paço dos Açorianos de Porto Alegre [RS]
Authors: Medeiros Arthur Thiago Thamay , Silva Fabio Pinto da
Published: February 2020

A presente pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo os ladrilhos hidráulicos do hall de entrada do Paço dos Açorianos de Porto Alegre – RS e o objetivo foi elaborar um mapa de danos com o auxílio das ferramentas de digitalização tridimensional, gerando assim as FID’s (Ficha de Identificação de Danos) com todas as informações coletadas sobre o revestimento e seu estado de conservação. Na conjuntura do objeto de estudo, o patrimônio industrial de Pelotas – RS (a Fábrica de Mosaicos) se fez presente, devido sua participação na confecção de algumas peças para as obras de restauro que aconteceram em 2003. Como procedimento metodológico de investigação dos danos, utilizou-se o método indireto que consistiu na análise criteriosa das digitalizações, com o intuito de registrar o desgaste atual do piso. Assim, como sugestão para futuras pesquisas de saneamento dos danos, propõe-se a confecção de matrizes para reproduções fidedignas a partir das digitalizações, utilizando as mesmas técnicas de fabricação.
Antecedentes urbanos, infraestructura de esparcimiento y recreación. Parques Lineales.
Authors: Muñoz Mario Alberto Franco
Published: February 2020

Hoy en día podemos encontrarnos con la grata sorpresa alrededor del mundo y en particular tanto en América latina, como en Europa y en nuestro país México, con el desarrollo de parques lineales, ejemplos de intervenciones de infraestructura urbana, en específico de esparcimiento y recreación, los cuales han tomado la escena de la nueva modalidad, en el diseño de los espacios públicos, en diversas ciudades, marcando el inicio y la pauta a seguir en estas prácticas del nuevo diseño urbano, en una búsqueda de revalorar y recuperar espacios naturales (lechos de ríos, barrancas, cuerpos de agua, etc.). De belleza intrínseca y de gran valor en cuanto a recursos naturales de flora y fauna, que a través de los últimos tiempos, por costumbre o inercia colectiva, se dejaban en un segundo término o marginados, como áreas o zonas territoriales de desecho. Consideradas como áreas con un bajo potencial, para el desarrollo de proyectos de esparcimiento y recreación o simplemente calificadas como áreas de desecho en  las ciudades, las cuales no eran consideradas, como espacios naturales que intrínsecamente aportaban beneficios para el óptimo desarrollo de las ciudades, con el potencial que sus propias características ofrecen, si no por el contrario, catalogadas como zonas inconvenientes; permaneciendo en la mayoría de los casos abandonadas, sin atención por parte de las autoridades, convertidas en focos de contaminación y en áreas de inseguridad para las ciudades, sin llevar a cabo un intento consiente de la integración optima de estas, en los planes de desarrollo de nuestras ciudades en general. Es así, que se cuenta, como se mencionó anteriormente en América latina, Europa, así como en nuestro México, con varios ejemplos de intervenciones de infraestructura urbana de esparcimiento y recreación, en particular de parques urbanos lineales, que como nueva modalidad de espacio público se han desarrollado en diversas ciudades. Los cuales son fieles ejemplos, de cómo se pretende, de manera asertiva, aprovechar y dar un uso positivo a estas áreas naturales, ya sean los cauces de ríos,  barrancas y cuerpos de agua (bordos, presas, lagos, etc.).
Resíduos sólidos e cooperativas de reciclagem
Authors: Vansetto Carla Cristina , Ghisi Tatiana
Published: February 2020

Os resíduos produzidos pela sociedade atual geram consequências e danos constantes ao meio ambiente. Visando equacionar este problema surge a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), a qual busca soluções compartilhadas para a promoção de um sistema de triagem e destinação de materiais recicláveis de forma eficiente. Para que os preceitos estabelecidos pela PNRS sejam realizados, são necessários os trabalhos tanto do catador de recicláveis, organizados em cooperativas, quanto da sociedade em geral, através da coleta seletiva. Os catadores são por diversas vezes desvalorizados socialmente e suas condições mínimas de trabalho não são atendidas. Para obtenção dos resultados desta pesquisa, foram realizadas visitas in loco no município de Santa Izabel do Oeste-PR, buscando compreender o histórico da destinação de resíduos do município, bem como realizando entrevistas com os participantes da cooperativa municipal de reciclagem. Pode-se observar o contexto socioeconômico em que os mesmos estão inseridos, e encontrar alternativas de como a arquitetura, através do princípio de condensadora social, é capaz de promover ambientes que visem a inclusão dos catadores e da sociedade na promoção de uma cidade mais sustentável.
Em 2019 a Labor & Engenho inaugura a sua fase como publicação continuada, o volume 13 volta a ser anual e modificam-se as numerações de página
Authors: Ferrão André Munhoz de Argollo
Published: February 2020

O ano de 2019 trouxe muitas novidades com o volume 13 da revista Labor & Engenho, que adotou uma série de características próprias de um periódico eletrônico, abolindo notações e procedimentos que só fazem sentido em um periódico impresso, como, por exemplo, a periodicidade, no nosso caso, trimestral. De fato, os periódicos eletrônicos não necessitam obedecer a uma dada periodicidade — seja ela mensal, bimestral, trimestral ou semestral — pois a tendência no mundo todo é a adoção do fluxo contínuo (ou “publicação continuada”), que permite a publicação de cada artigo tão logo o seu processo de avaliação e editoração seja finalizado. Portanto, os artigos publicados ao longo do ano de 2019, o foram em um único volume da Labor & Engenho (volume 13), em diferentes datas, conforme o leitor poderá perceber. Desse modo, a notação referente à Labor & Engenho voltou a possuir o caráter de uma periodicidade anual : v.13 (2019).
Robotic lobectomy costs and quality of life
Authors: Nishimura Jennifer M. , Goodwin Matthew , Kneuertz Peter , Moffatt-Bruce Susan , Merritt Robert E. , D’Souza Desmond M.
Published: February 2020

The surgical approach for lobectomy has changed over time with recent data demonstrating that the majority are performed using a minimally invasive approach. While the use of the robotic platform for pulmonary resection has been shown to have acceptable clinical outcomes, cost and quality of life need to be considered when starting a robotic lobectomy program. In this review, we evaluate the literature on cost of robotic lobectomy and quality of life. The results suggest that early experience in a robotic lobectomy program may be associated with relatively higher index hospital costs when compared to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; however, with increased experience and volume, the difference may no longer be of significance. When compared with thoracotomy, the cost is comparable if not less costly and may even be profitable for the hospital. Quality of life appears to be acceptable in the early experience of robotic lobectomy.
Thoracic surgery by minimally invasion robot-assisted in children: “experience and current status”
Authors: Navarrete-Arellano Mario
Published: February 2020

Aim: We report our experience in minimally invasive thoracic robot-assisted surgery in children, and a current analysis is carried out on this topic.

Methods: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal studies were performed for children with thoracic pathology treated with robotic surgery, from March 2015 to April 2019. We used the “da Vinci surgical system” (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA. USA). Registered variables included demographic data, diagnosis, surgery, total time, time of console surgery, bleeding, hemotransfusions, conversions, complications, postoperative (PO) stay, and follow-up. Measures of central tendency were used. Research Ethics Committee of Hospital approved the study. We conducted a detailed non-systematic review of previous publications of children undergoing thoracic robotic surgery.

Results: We treated 11 children, with average age of 5.7 years and weight of 21.3 kg. Diagnosis were: congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, intralobar sequestration, diaphragmatic paralysis, diaphragmatic eventration, mediastinal teratoma, Ewing’s tumor of the fourth left rib, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Surgeries performed were: four lobectomies, four diaphragmatic plications, two tumor resections, and a case of pleural and lung biopsies. The average of console surgery time was 166.45 min, PO stay was 3.6 days, and follow-up was 24.7 months. Conversions and PO complications were 9.1%, and there were no intraoperative complications and mortality. Currently, the number of children treated with thoracic robot-assisted surgery has barely reached 100 cases.

Conclusion: Our results are encouraging, although our experience is limited to a few cases. Robotic surgery for the treatment of thoracic pathology is feasible and safe, and has advantages. To date, very few patients have been treated, and few pediatric surgeons worldwide have applied thoracic robotic surgery in children.
Mejora del desempeño energético para entidades sociales desde el aprendizaje y el servicio = Improvement of energy performance for social entities from learning and service
Authors: Gallego Sánchez Torija Jorge , García Herrero Jesús , Bedoya Frutos César
Published: February 2020

El trabajo tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado pretende que los alumnos de la asignatura Auditorías energéticas en el Máster de Diseño de Instalaciones de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid adquieran las competencias y los conocimientos de la asignatura. Por otro lado se pretende que dicho aprendizaje se desarrolle prestando un servicio a la sociedad. Dicho servicio consiste en facilitar una auditoría energética a entidades sociales que a su vez prestan un servicio a la sociedad. Así las entidades contarán con una información relevante que les permita tomar decisiones de cara a mejorar su desempeño energético facilitando la consecución de un ahorro en las facturas energéticas así como una reducción en sus emisiones de gases efecto invernadero.Al plantearse el trabajo en grupos interdisciplinares, la diversidad de puntos de vista y la riqueza de soluciones aportadas a los problemas a los que se enfrenten, redundará en la calidad del ejercicio. Al verse obligados los estudiantes a salir del ámbito académico y realizar su trabajo en un entorno real, se ven más capacitados para enfrentarse a futuros clientes que si únicamente resolvieran prácticas académicas. La motivación aumenta al sentir que su conocimiento resulta útil para otras personas y la satisfacción de sentir que han contribuido con una entidad social hace que el aprendizaje realizado resulte significativo.AbstractThe paper has a double objective. On the one hand it is pretended that the students of the subject Energy Audits in the Master of Facilities Design of the Higher Technical School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University of Madrid acquire the skills and knowledge of the subject. On the other hand, it is pretended that such learning be developed by providing a service to society. This service consists in facilitating an energy audit to social entities that provide a service to society. Thus, the entities will have relevant information that allows them to make decisions in order to improve their energy performance by facilitating the achievement of savings in energy bills as well as a reduction in their greenhouse gas emissions.When considering work in interdisciplinary groups, the diversity of points of view and the richness of solutions provided to the problems they face, will result in the quality of the exercise. When students are forced to leave the academic space and do their work in a real environment, they are better able to face future clients than if they only resolved academic practices. The motivation increases when you feel that your knowledge is useful to other people and the satisfaction of feeling that you have contributed to a social entity makes the learning done meaningful.
Caracterización conductual y neuroinmune de la resiliencia al estrés social: Efectos reforzantes de la cocaína
Authors: Ródenas-González Francisco , Blanco-Gandía María del Carmen , Miñarro López José , Rodriguez-Arias Marta
Published: February 2020

Numerosos estudios preclínicos han demostrado que el estrés social incrementa la vulnerabilidad a los efectos reforzantes de la cocaína. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son homogéneos, observándose siempre una subpoblación que no muestra dicho incremento. Utilizando el modelo de derrota social (DS) repetida en ratones, en este trabajo hemos querido caracterizar conductualmente a los ratones resilientes al incremento de los efectos reforzantes de la cocaína inducido por el estrés social. Utilizamos ratones adultos macho de la cepa C57/BL6 a los que sometimos al protocolo de DS repetida y tres semanas más tarde, realizamos el Condicionamiento de Preferencia de Lugar (CPL) inducido por una dosis no efectiva de cocaína (1mg/kg). Una vez finalizado este procedimiento se midieron los niveles estriatales de interleucina 6, ya que el estrés social produce una respuesta de neuroinflamación. No se observó CPL en los ratones controles, pero los animales derrotados tomados en conjunto desarrollaron preferencia. Sin embargo, esta muestra se pudo dividir en ratones resilientes (no desarrollaron preferencia) y susceptibles (presentaron CPL). Durante las derrotas sociales, los animales resilientes pasaron menos tiempo en las conductas de huida y sumisión que los catalogados como susceptible y presentaron conductas de ataque hacia el ratón residente, manifestando por tanto resistencia a ser derrotados. No se observaron diferencias en la respuesta de neuroinflamación, probablemente debido al largo periodo de tiempo trascurrido desde la última derrota social. Nuestros resultados sugieren que un estilo de afrontamiento activo al estrés social va a ser determinante en la protección del sujeto a desarrollar un trastorno por uso de drogas.
For most fully alcohol-attributable diagnoses in the ICD, the etiological specification should be removed
Authors: Lange Shannon , Roerecke Michael , Rehm Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Alcohol use is a risk factor for many chronic disease conditions, over 40 of which are regarded as fully alcohol-attributable. The practice of specifying the etiological cause in the names of diseases fully alcohol-attributable in the International Classification of Diseases has resulted in affected-individuals being stigmatized, misdiagnosed, and mistreated. Additional outcomes of this practice may include delayed care and misreporting. The consequences of specifying alcohol in the names of diseases causally linked to alcohol are discussed with respect to two examples: alcoholic liver disease and foetal alcohol syndrome. With respect to symptomatology and treatment, each of these conditions are not unique from there non-alcohol attributed counterparts--that is, non-alcoholic liver diseases and idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifying “alcohol” in the name of a disease has a number of negative consequences, yet no apparent benefits. Given that the International Classification of Diseases is the international standard for reporting diseases and health conditions, having diagnostic categories that impede the ability of health care professionals to report diseases accurately is self-defeating.
The Observation Path Problems and the Formation Conditions of the Elevated Layer of Black Carbon Aerosol
Authors: Jin Lianji , Lin Liang , Ding Deping , Zhao Delong , Zhu Bin , Zhai Qingfei , Liu Zheng
Published: February 2020

Studies on the detection of layers with elevated black carbon aerosol (BC) concentrations and the formation conditions of these layers help understand the vertical distribution of BC concentrations, which will provide a basis for the assessment of climate effects and early BC pollution warnings. By using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) numerical model, we performed a numerical simulation analysis on the authenticity of strong elevated BC concentration layers that were detected by an aircraft in the mixing layer over Harbin, China, which is a high-emission area, on a clear sunny afternoon in the early heating period of 2016. We then discuss possible problems and solutions when non-vertical paths are used to detect the vertical distribution of BC concentrations. Finally, we discuss the favorable conditions for the formation of elevated BC concentration layers by weak vertical flow. The results show that the horizontal variability of BC concentration in the mixing layer in the observation area in Harbin was sufficiently large during the measurement. This produced a false elevated layer, as detected by the aircraft during one round of spiral flight in the mixing layer. The root mean square of the horizontal distribution of BC concentration did not change with height in the mixing layer during the daytime, but it decreased with the thickness of the mixing layer and was higher in the mixing layer than in the free atmosphere. Therefore, the thinner the mixing layer, in which the vertical distribution of the BC concentration is detected in an inclined path, the stronger interference of the horizontal variability on the detected results. When a spiral flight detection path is used, the aircraft should fly at least two rounds in the mixing layer. In the daytime, due to strong turbulence in the mixing layer, weak vertical uplift is not favorable for the occurrence of elevated BC concentration layers in the mixing layer. In the nighttime, if weak vertical uplift is well matched with the BC concentration or its vertical gradient, elevated BC concentration layers can be formed in the atmosphere. Compared with upper layers far from the ground, nighttime elevated layers are easier to form in lower layers near the ground because high BC concentrations or large vertical gradients are more likely to occur in the lower layers. Both cases facilitate the occurrence of large vertical upward transport rates of BC.
Towards Easy Deposit: Lowering the Barriers of Green Open Access with Data Integration and Automation
Authors: Zhang Hui
Published: February 2020

This proposal describes the design and development of an interoperable application that supports green open access with long-term sustainability and improved user experience of article deposit. Introduction: The lack of library resources and unfriendly repository user interface are two significant barriers that hinder green open access. Tasked to implement the open access mandate, librarians at an American research university developed a comprehensive system called Easy Deposit 2 to automate the support workflow of green open access.
Implementation: Easy Deposit 2 is a web application that is able to harvest newly publications, outreach for manuscript on behalf of the library, and facilitate self-archiving to IR. It is developed and maintained by the library and integrated with the IR.
Results and Discussion: The article deposit rate is about 25% with Easy Deposit 2, which increases significantly comparing to the previous period. It also serves as a local database for faculty publications with open access status. The lesson learned is that library cannot rely on a single commercial provider for publication data due to mismatched priorities.
Conclusion: Recent IT developments provides new opportunities of innovation like Easy Deposit 2 in supporting open access. Academic librarians are vital in promoting "openness" in scholarly communication such as transparency and diversity in the sharing of publication data.
Ease of Access to an Alternative Food Source Enables Wallabies to Strip Bark in Tasmanian Pinus Radiata Plantations
Authors: Smith Anna , Ratkowsky David , Wardlaw Timothy , Mohammed Caroline
Published: February 2020

Bark stripping by the Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) from the lower stems of 3–6-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata) causes significant damage in Tasmanian plantations. The usual diet of this generalist herbivore is mainly grasses and broadleaved forbs. As the factors that attract wallabies to supplement its diet by eating the bark of plantation pine trees are currently not elucidated, the present study aimed to determine how the incidence and severity of bark damage in 12 Tasmanian radiata pine plantations was influenced by various inter-site factors such as the floristic composition of the surrounding forest and by various intra-site factors such as the height and circumference of individual trees, the number of branches in the first two whorls at the base of the tree, and their internode lengths. Site differences in the observed percentage of bark stripping were found to be related to ‘ease of access’ variables such as bare ground, bracken, and moss, ‘hindrance to access’ variables such as rock and woody debris, and the percentage of grass, the wallaby’s main food source, present in the five plots at each site. The difference between the mean minimum soil and air temperatures in spring, a driving force for carbohydrate production that occurs with tree growth in spring or early summer, was the only meteorological observation at the sites that was found to be statistically significant. Nevertheless, there was no direct evidence that it was the movement of sugars in the phloem tissue accompanying tree growth which provided wallabies with a supplementary food source.
Redundancy Reduction in Twitter Event Streams
Authors: Kratzke Nane
Published: February 2020

The data from social networks like Twitter is a valuable source for research but full of redundancy, making it hard to provide large-scale, self-contained, and small datasets. The data recording is a common problem in social media-based studies and could be standardized. Sadly, this is hardly done. This paper reports on lessons learned from a long-term evaluation study recording the complete public sample of the German and English Twitter stream. It presents a recording solution proposal that merely chunks a linear stream of events to reduce redundancy. If events are observed multiple times within the time-span of a chunk, only the latest observation is written to the chunk. A 10 Gigabyte Twitter raw dataset covering 1,2 Million Tweets of 120.000 users recorded between June and September 2017 was used to analyze expectable compression rates. It turned out that resulting datasets need only between 10\% and 20\% of the original data size without losing any event, metadata or the relationships between single events. This kind of redundancy reduction recording makes it possible to curate large-scale (even nation-wide), self-contained, and small datasets of social networks for research in a standardized and reproducible manner.
Evaluating IEEE 802.15.4g SUN for Dependable Low-Power Wireless Communications In Industrial Scenarios
Authors: Tuset-Peiró Pere , Gomes Ruan Delgado , Thubert Pascal , Vilajosana Xavier
Published: February 2020

In this article we present a deployment of 11 nodes using the three different SUN (Smart Utility Network) modulation schemes, as defined in the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard. The nodes were deployed in a 110.044 m2 warehouse for 99 days, and the resulting dataset contains a total of 10.710.868 measurements with RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) and PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) values. The analyzed results show a high variability in average RSSI (i.e., between -82.1 dBm and -101.7 dBm) and CCA (i.e., between -111.2 dBm and -119.9 dBm) values, which are caused by the effects of multi-path propagation and external interference. Despite being above the sensitivity limit for each modulation, this values result in poor average PDR values (i.e., from 65.9% to 87.4%), indicating that additional schemes are required for low-power wireless communications to meet the dependability requirements of industrial applications. For that purpose, we also introduce the concept of modulation diversity, which can be combined with packet repetition to meet such requirements (i.e., PDR>99%) while minimizing the energy expenditure of nodes and meeting regulatory constraints.
Simulated Fishing to Untangle Catchability and Availability in Fish Abundance Monitoring
Authors: Tobias Vanessa
Published: February 2020

In fisheries monitoring, catch is assumed to be a product of fishing intensity, catchability, and availability, where availability is defined as the number or biomass of fish present and catchability refers to the relationship between catch rate and the true population. Ecological monitoring programs use catch per unit of effort (CPUE) to standardize catch and monitor changes in fish populations; however, CPUE is proportional to the portion of the population that is vulnerable to the type of gear that is used in sampling, which is not necessarily the entire population. Programs often deal with this problem by assuming that catchability is constant, but if catchability is not constant, it is not possible to separate the effects of catchability and population size using monitoring data alone. This study uses individual-based simulation to separate the effects of changing environmental conditions on catchability and availability in environmental monitoring data. The simulation combines a module for sampling conditions with a module for individual fish behavior to estimate the proportion of available fish that would escape from the sample. The method is applied to the case study of the well-monitored fish species Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) in the San Francisco Estuary, where it has been hypothesized that changing water clarity may affect catchability for long-term monitoring studies. Results of this study indicate that given constraints on Delta Smelt swimming ability, it is unlikely that the apparent declines in Delta Smelt abundance are due to an effect of changing water clarity on catchability.
Evaluation of Electrical Efficiency of Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Baghban Alireza , Sadeghzadeh Milad , Zamen Mohammad , Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Kumar Ravinder , Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Solar energy is a renewable resource of energy that is broadly utilized and has the least emissions among the renewable energies. In this study, machine learning methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs), least squares support vector machines (LSSVM), and neuro-fuzzy are used for advancing prediction models for thermal performance of a photovoltaic-thermal solar collector (PV/T). In the proposed models, the inlet temperature, flow rate, heat, solar radiation, and the sun heat have been considered as the inputs variables. Data set has been extracted through experimental measurements from a novel solar collector system. Different analyses are performed to examine the credibility of the introduced approaches and evaluate their performance. The proposed LSSVM model outperformed ANFIS and ANNs models. LSSVM model is reported suitable when the laboratory measurements are costly and time-consuming, or achieving such values requires sophisticated interpretations.
Interfacial Phenomena between Liquid Si-Rich Si-Zr Alloys and Glassy Carbon
Authors: Giuranno Donatella , Polkowski Wojciech , Bruzda Grzegorz , Kudyba Artur , Narciso Javier
Published: February 2020

To design and optimize liquid-assisted processes such as reactive infiltration for fabricating refractory SiC/ZrSi2 composites, basic investigations on the interfacial phenomena occurring when liquid Si-based alloys are in contact with C and SiC substrates, are key steps. Indeed, targeted wettability studies may provide helpful indications for finding the suitable set of operating conditions to succeed the fabrication of composites via the reactive infiltration and for predicting the key influencing mechanisms. The wettability of glassy carbon (GC) by two different Si-rich Si-Zr alloys as a function of the Si-content has been investigated by the sessile drop method at T = 1450°C. The more relevant results obtained in terms of equilibrium contact angle values, spreading kinetics, reactivity and developed interface microstructures are reported in the paper and compared with the behaviour previously observed in the Si-27Zr/GC system. The increase of Si-content only weakly affected the overall phenomena observed at the interface, which from the practical point of view means that even the Si-Zr alloys with higher Si-content, as respect to the eutectic alloy (Si-27Zr), could be potentially used as infiltrant materials.
Towards Shari‘ah Compliant Waqf Bank
Authors: Tayachi Tahar , Bensaid Benaouda , Gabil Hanan , Jamaldeen Faleel
Published: February 2020

Bridging widening socioeconomic gaps calls for a paradigm shift and the use of effective strategies such as Waqf banks to develop and provide basic services and such as education, shelter, employment opportunities and social amenities to the poor, while reducing the state’s burden and working to constructively address the reasons for the gap. Waqf banks are set-up through the use of cash waqfs and would operate multiple waqf funds alongside an assortment of financial instruments. Their earnings however are issued as low-cost credits to the poor, economically disadvantaged and the underprivileged regardless of their financial status, instead of focusing exclusively on generating shareholder profits. This would significantly aid the economy in steady, sustainable growth; effectively raising the lower bar on per capita income and lifting untold multitudes out of poverty. This study explores how interest-free and affordable loans can be provided to the poor or lower income demographics, while further discussing bank structures such as Shari‘ah compliance, services rendering, investment and waqf distribution. This study shows that there is a need for Shari’ah compliant waqf banks which in addition to providing services for beneficiaries, would also effectively manage investment and waqf funds that contribute to overall national development and economic growth. This inquiry would be of high relevance to experts, financial managers, regulators and policy makers in the fields of waqf, banking and finance.
Analysis of the Resilience Process Experienced by People Living with Visual Impairment
Authors: Sim In Ok
Published: February 2020

There is a lack of research based on in-depth theoretical and scientific knowledge to understand the visually impaired, and there has been little effort in the application of strategies for early intervention to minimize risk these people might encounter during development.. This study used semi-structured interviews from eight persons with visual impairments who had various experiences with resiliency. Three resilience processes based on life experiences were identified: 1) Experience and Adaptation: “self-awareness of disability” and “adaptation disability and the environment”; 2) Facing the Circumstances: “the exposure to concealment and abuse,” “the suppression of potential,” “denial and abandonment by family,” “poverty and disability,” “exchange and self-regulation,” and “social integration” themes; and 3) the Positive Reinforcement: “self-disclosure and jump-starting life,” “maintenance of a positive thinking,” and “socioeconomic independence.” These findings expand the understanding of the factors common to the resilience process experienced by individuals with visual impairment and highlight the importance of psychological support, family, education, and social support.
Paternal Involvement and Adverse Birth Outcomes in South Gujarat, India
Authors: Godbole Nupur B. , Moberg Megan S. , Patel Parth , Kosambiya Jayesh , Salihu Hamisu M. , Campos Elba Adriana , Menezes Lynette , Verma Ragini , Wilson Rone
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: While the impact of maternal factors on birth outcomes are widely reported, the extent to which paternal involvement and varying cultural family dynamics influence birth outcomes particularly in an international context, remain understudied. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between paternal involvement and adverse birth outcomes in South Gujarat, India.

Methods: An in-person questionnaire was administered to adult women at delivery or during the one-month postpartum visit at New Civil Hospital, in South Gujarat, India between May and June 2016 to assess level of paternal support and attendance at prenatal appointments and household structure. Pregnancy variables including birthweight and gestational age at delivery were collected from maternal and newborn record/chart review. Chi-square and t-test were used to assess demographics, as appropriate. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between paternal involvement and pregnancy birth outcomes.

Results: Of the 404 infants born during the study period, 26.7% were premature (<37 weeks gestation) and 29% were of low birth weight (<2500g). More than 40% of the women surveyed reported their in-laws were the primary household decision-makers; however, those who reported high paternal attendance were less likely to report in-laws as the primary decision-maker (p=0.03). Adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated the odds of delivering a low birth weight infant were greater among mothers who reported low paternal support and low paternal attendance at prenatal visits (OR=2.99 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.84-4.86) and OR=2.16 (95% CI: 1.35-3.47), respectively).

Conclusion And Global Health Implications: Low paternal support during pregnancy may be a missed opportunity to increase healthy practices during pregnancy as well as decrease the risks associated with limited social support during pregnancy. It is important to consider varying socio-cultural family dynamics in different populations and how they may influence paternal involvement during pregnancy.

Key words: • Paternal involvement • Paternal support • Pregnancy complications • Low birth weight • Preterm birth

 

Copyright © 2020 Godbole et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of individualized PEEP titration guided by intratidal compliance profile analysis on regional ventilation assessed by electrical impedance tomography – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weber Jonas , Gutjahr Jan , Schmidt Johannes , Lozano-Zahonero Sara , Borgmann Silke , Schumann Stefan , Wirth Steffen
Published: February 2020

Background
The application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may reduce dynamic strain during mechanical ventilation. Although numerous approaches for PEEP titration have been proposed, there is no accepted strategy for titrating optimal PEEP. By analyzing intratidal compliance profiles, PEEP may be individually titrated for patients.
Methods
After obtaining informed consent, 60 consecutive patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly allocated to mechanical ventilation with PEEP 5 cmH 2 O (control group) or PEEP individually titrated, guided by an analysis of the intratidal compliance profile (intervention group). The primary endpoint was the frequency of each nonlinear intratidal compliance (C RS ) profile of the respiratory system (horizontal, increasing, decreasing, and mixed). The secondary endpoints measured were respiratory mechanics, hemodynamic variables, and regional ventilation, which was assessed via electrical impedance tomography.
Results
The frequencies of the C RS profiles were comparable between the groups. Besides PEEP [control: 5.0 (0.0), intervention: 5.8 (1.1) cmH 2 O, p < 0.001], the respiratory and hemodynamic variables were comparable between the two groups. The compliance profile analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups. The loss of ventral and dorsal regional ventilation was higher in the control [ventral: 41.0 (16.3)%; dorsal: 25.9 (13.8)%] than in the intervention group [ventral: 29.3 (17.6)%; dorsal: 16.4 (12.7)%; p (ventral) = 0.039, p (dorsal) = 0.028].
Conclusions
Unfavorable compliance profiles indicating tidal derecruitment were found less often than in earlier studies. Individualized PEEP titration resulted in slightly higher PEEP. A slight global increase in aeration associated with this was indicated by regional gain and loss analysis. Differences in dorsal to ventral ventilation distribution were not found.