bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Experiences of Muslim Americans Regarding the Intolerance Displayed by Non-Muslims
Authors: Abderrazzaq Munder
Published: November 2021

Non-Muslims in the United States have openly expressed their opposition regarding Muslim Americans, which has led to the racial profiling and unequal treatment of Muslim Americans. Literature regarding the intolerance displayed by majority members indicates a need for further research that explores the point of view of minorities in the United States. Intolerance is defined as the refusal and unwillingness to respect or tolerate persons of a different social group or members of minority groups who hold beliefs contrary to one’s own. The intolerance displayed among members of different religious and cultural backgrounds can limit the ability to discover new information needed in promoting positive social change among Muslims and non-Muslims in the United States. Semistructured interviews were used to explore the social experiences of Muslim Americans of Palestinian descent in Cleveland, Ohio, regarding prejudice and discrimination displayed by non-Muslims. The theory of planned behavior and impression management theory were used as the framework for this study. Convenience and purposeful sampling were used to recruit the 10 participants chosen for this study. Template analysis, Giorgio’s psychological phenomenological method, and coding were used to analyze the data obtained from this study. Participants revealed experiencing prejudice and discrimination “everywhere” and “anywhere,” including verbal attacks and emotional distress. Participants also described the intolerance among Muslims and non-Muslims as “good and bad” or “it depends.” Information from this study can help in the development of social strategies that can be used to improve the interactions among Muslims and non-Muslims in United States.
Managerial Optimism and the Cost of Capital. The SEM-Approach with a Focus on the German Capital Market
Authors: Meier Jan-Hendrik , Esmatyar Walid
Published: November 2021

The present study contributes the first analysis of the influence of managerial optimism on companies’financing policy and cost of capital. Since overconfidence biases investment and financing decisions, it may directly and indirectly influence a company’s risks and value. In contrast to prior research, which has almost exclusively been focused on the analysis of leverage, the present paper also takes risk measuresinto account to decompose the cost of capital and to identify direct and indirect effects of managerial optimism by using structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on a large sample of companies listed in Germany, this study found strong evidence that optimistic managers caused a higher equity risk and a higher risk of insolvency. However, this effect was not caused by the choice of leverage, and, thus, it must have been caused by investment-policy decisions. However, an optimistic management achieves a significant reduction in the overall cost of capital.
Discussion about the objective of financial reporting based
on International Financial Reporting Standards
Authors: Łazarowicz Edyta
Published: November 2021

The article analyses and assesses proposals for changes concerning the objective of financial reportingbased on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), presented in comments on the exposuredraft of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (2015). The majority of respondents thinkthat the objective of financial reporting should give more prominence to the importance of providinginformation about management’s stewardship. Moreover, some respondents suggest introducing thedefinition of stewardship into the Conceptual Framework and presenting implications of shifts in theobjective of financial reporting for the future standard setting and for preparing financial statements.Based on the analysis of comment letters and the review of accounting literature, the conclusion is thatthe objective of financial reporting should be changed. It is, however, disputable, if stewardship should bea separate object. There is too little research on the relation between the stewardship and decisionusefulnessobjectives. The findings of this research could show accounting standard-setters the potentialtrade-offs and conflicts between these objectives.
Disclosure of economic value of operating fixed assets in financial statements of Polish public companies
Authors: Michalak Marcin , Czajor Przemysław
Published: November 2021

The objective of the paper is analysis of the methods of identifying, measuring and recognizing the oper-ating fixed assets impairment, alongside with defining and measurement of operating fixed assets economic value and its determinants as well as the quality of this information disclosed in financial state-ments as of 2014. The research was conducted on the basis of annual financial statements of companieslisted on Warsaw Stock Exchange that are included in stock indices WIG 20 and sWIG 80. The research was focused on disclosures of determinants used by companies to estimate the economic value of operat-ing fixed assets for the purposes of impairment test performed according to IAS 36.
Ethics in the profession of management accountants in literature and education in Poland
Authors: Sobańska Irena , Zarzycka Ewelina
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to verify how the scientific community supports the management account-ants in emphasizing high ethical requirements expected of the profession. The article presents issues relating to ethics in the profession of management accountants in the light of research and international standards as well as the results of and conclusions from the study of Polish academic textbooks and educational programs. The study allowed for positive verification of the hypothesis stating that ethicalaspects of the management accounting profession are only scantily covered in academic education in Poland. In addition, the results provide guidance to improve educational programs in Polish universities.
The multivoiced English-for-young-learners subject in Sweden: Spaces for plurilingualism?
Authors: Gasson Sophia
Published: November 2021

Already in primary school in Sweden, English is one of several language subjects within a larger curriculum. Despite this, the curricular space for the English subject to leverage and contribute to plurilingual competence has hitherto received little attention. This study centres on the construction of the primary English subject in the 2011 (revised 2018) curriculum, also in relation to other language syllabi, using the concept of ‘voice as perspective on topic’ (Linell, 2009) to analyse ideologies that are salient, backgrounded, and absent in the English syllabus and those transcending language syllabi boundaries. Findings show that different voices are salient in the English subject in years 1–3 and 4–6, constructing an oral-based and fun subject contra an increasingly academic and communicatively-focused subject respectively. Monoglossic ideologies in English language teaching are challenged insofar as English is not positioned as a language belonging to specific nations or speakers. However, there exists no explicit space for plurilingual competence in assessment, where instead pupils’ monolingual performances are assessed. In addition, unlike other language syllabi, the English syllabus contains no explicit mention of multilingual awareness-raising of languages in the learners’ repertoire, thereby limiting explicit space for plurilingualism. Nevertheless, across the language syllabi, a functional view of language is salient, where communicative strategies, language form for functionally justified ends, and text genres form part of the core content of the education. This creates implicit spaces for teaching and learning in the English subject to leverage and contribute to developing underlying functional linguistic proficiency (see Cummins, 2000, 2007).
Emperor Qianlong's Hidden Treasures
Authors: Chiang Nicole T. C.
Published: November 2021

This book reconsiders what actually constitutes the collection of the Qing imperial household during the Qianlong reign, which leads to the re-evaluation of the collection’s historiography, implications, significance and function. It questions the common presumption that there was a single and readily definable assemblage, which includes every physical object that had once been kept in the imperial palaces. This study also challenges the pervasive notion that collecting at the Qianlong court was highly individual and that the supposed collection reflected the emperor’s personal preferences and tastes. Lastly, this research confronts the popular interpretation of the function of the assumed collection, which was to display authority and to project various images to different groups of audience.
Bilateral Cranial Nerve VI Palsies in Cryptococcal Meningitis, HIV, and Syphilis: A Case Report
Authors: Rival Germaine , Okorji Onyi , Kern Rachael , Patel Preya , Fradeneck Kate , Cullen Darragh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Cranial nerve (CN) VI palsy is a common complaint seen in the emergency department (ED) and has a wide range of causes. Bilateral CN VI palsies are uncommon and appear to be associated with more severe complications.
Case Report: A 29-year-old male presented to the ED from an ophthalmology office for diplopia, headache, and strabismus. He was found to have bilateral CN VI palsies and new-onset seizure in the ED. A lumbar puncture revealed cryptococcal meningitis. Additional tests revealed a new diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and syphilis.
Conclusion: Cryptococcal meningitis remains a life-threatening complication of HIV/AIDS. Coinfections with HIV, particularly syphilis, further complicate a patient’s prognosis as both can lead to devastating neurological sequelae. In cryptococcal meningitis, elevated intracranial pressure is a complication that can manifest as seizures, altered mental status, and cranial nerve palsies.
Comparison of Mental Health, Stress and Coping Methods in Mothers of Children with/without Autism in Ahvaz
Authors: Yavari Soraya , Gholamzadeh Jofreh Maryam
Published: November 2021

Background: The existence of an autistic child causes much mental burden and concern for parents and disrupts their normal functioning in both home and society. Objectives: The present study seeks to compare mental health, stress, and coping styles in mothers of children with/without autism in Ahvaz. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 120 samples of all mothers of children with/without autism in Ahvaz. Actually, from the statistical population of the study, 120 (60 mothers with autistic children and 60 mothers with normal children) were selected using the convenience sampling method. After explaining the objectives of the research to the participants and obtaining a consent form, the questionnaire was answered by them. Stress Questionnaire, Mental Health Questionnaire, and Coping Strategies Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially (MANOVA and ANOVA) using the SPSS version 21. Results: The results indicate a significant difference between mental health (F = 342.14, P < 0.001), stress (F = 10.71, P < 0.001), and coping styles (F = 156, P < 0.001) regarding the mothers of autistic/non-autistic children. There is also a significant difference between the avoidance coping strategies (F = 143.12, P < 0.001) used by mothers of children with/without autism in Ahvaz. Conclusions: As the results showed, mothers of normal children were significantly different from mothers of autistic children in using avoidance-oriented coping styles. We can use the findings of this study in clinical situations in order to help mothers with autistic children to reduce their stress, so they can control their lives better with less stress, and this way, the quality of their lives will be higher.
The Clinical Effectiveness of Virtual Nursing Process Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Educational Evaluation and a Quasi-experimental Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kalati Seyed Hossein , Jamalzadeh Navid , Kalati Javaneh , Amini Sahba , Karimi Hengameh
Published: November 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the mode of education, causing universities to shift from face-to-face to online delivery mode for offering various courses and programs. Thus, it is essential to focus on the curriculum content to tackle the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and provide methods to effectively educate nursing students in nursing practice. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness of virtual nursing process (NP) education in undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This educational evaluation study with a quasi-experimental longitudinal design was applied in four educational steps over six months for first-year undergraduate nursing students (n = 30) using Iran's national learning virtual environment. Results: The paired t-test results showed a significant difference in the mean and overall scores of nursing diagnosis and nursing outcomes/goals before and after the virtual intervention (P < 0.001). Six months after virtual education, the students registered for the ‘clinical nursing process (CNP) unit in the third semester. In the final step of the study, the overall mean score of the students' nursing care plan was 16.59 ± 2.31, which was higher than the mean score, meaning virtual NP education was effective in a clinical setting. Conclusions: Virtual mode of teaching can be effective for theoretical and CNP education.
Effect of Intervention Training on the Mother-Child Relationship in Children with Autism: A Control Trial
Authors: Mirzaei Fatemeh , Cheraghi Fatemeh , Khazaei Salman , Rezaei Mohammad , Mohammadi Fatemeh
Published: November 2021

Background: The disability to recognize emotional and mental states in others’ facial expressions is acknowledged as one of the major developmental-behavioral problems in children with autism. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of facial emotion recognition training on the interaction skills of children with autism. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional facial recognition on the mother-child relationship in children with autism. Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted based on a pre-test post-test design. Children aged 6-12 years with high- or moderate-functioning autism were assigned to two groups using the random block sampling method. Children in the intervention group were trained in 10 45-min sessions each week for 10 weeks using 40 images related to four situations of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. The mother-child relationship questionnaire was completed one day before and one day after the intervention in both groups by the research assistant. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22. Results: Emotional state training improved the mother-child relationship in the intervention group. There was also a statistically significant difference between the total scores of the mother-child relationship in the intervention group and the control group (p
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants in the Middle-aged and Elderly Population in A Southern Coastal Region, Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zoghi Ghazal , Nejatizadeh Azim , Shahmoradi Mehdi , Ghaemmaghami Zahra , Kheirandish Masoumeh
Published: November 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria consist of different but interconnected cardiovascular risk factors, including dysglycemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS, its components, and related factors in the southern coastal area of Iran, Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD). Methods: This population-based study was performed on the baseline data from participants of BKNCD, which has recruited participants from Bandare-Kong city, one of the 18 distinct geographical areas included in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria and the Iranian-specific cut-off for waist circumference (≥ 95 cm). The socioeconomic status (SES) was estimated by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) based on participants’ different properties. Results: Of 3,927 participants included in this study, 2,230 (56.8%) were female. Age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 34.5%. The most common MetS component was central obesity (45.1%), followed by decreased high-density lipoprotein (42.6%), elevated fasting plasma glucose (39.9%), elevated triglyceride (37.7%), and increased blood pressure (37.5%). Besides, 84.7% of the subjects displayed at least one component of MetS. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that women aged 65 - 70 years were at higher risk of having MetS compared to those aged 35 - 39 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 23.37, 95% CI 7.54 - 20.30, P < 0.001). Also, living in rural areas was a risk for MetS in women (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.18 - 2.03, P = 0.002). Employment and education were protective against MetS in women. Being overweight significantly increased the risk of MetS in both men and women. Obesity was more problematic for men (aOR = 16.66, 95% CI 11.65 - 23.81, P < 0.001) compared to women (aOR = 10.43, 95% CI 7.82 - 13.90, P < 0.001). Marital status, education, smoking status, and SES did not significantly predict MetS in men. Conclusions: A high prevalence of MetS was observed in this study, emphasizing central obesity, high triglyceride, and low high-density lipoprotein. This calls on the government authorities to establish screening programs to identify individuals with a lower number of abnormal MetS components to prevent them from developing MetS and the resultant cardiovascular complications.
Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: How Many Drugs Are Enough?
Authors: Kumar Shaji K.
Published: November 2021

The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved over the past decade, yet it remains a chronic disease. Several trials of 4-drug induction regimens have resulted in deepening of disease response. With the emergence of multidrug regimens, questions have arisen regarding the role of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in MM therapy and available treatment options after ASCT. Clinicians have also continued to improve the efficacy of maintenance therapies. In transplant-ineligible patients, the phases of treatment are less distinct; however, several regimens have demonstrated efficacy in this clinical setting. Future research should focus on individualizing treatment approaches.
Updates in the Management of Early-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Habermann Thomas M.
Published: November 2021

Several important updates have emerged in the management of early-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Three trials resulted in the approval of rituximab + cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (R-CHOP) for use in these patients internationally. Furthermore, studies have been initiated to determine whether 4 or 6 cycles of this regimen should be administered without radiation therapy (RT). Six cycles of R-CHOP plus central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and prophylactic testicular RT are recommended for patients with extranodal disease occupying the testicles. Although controversial, there is a reasonable consensus in the literature to consider 6 cycles of R-CHOP plus involved-site RT and CNS prophylaxis for patients with extranodal disease of the breast. Patients with primary bone and gastric extranodal disease do not seem to derive a significant survival benefit from RT. Molecular subtype evaluations may change treatment approaches.
THE MINOR INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM DOPED PHOSPHATE TUNGSTEN BRONZE ON THE BRIGGS-RAUSCHER REACTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Maksimović Jelena P. , Maksimović Tijana V. , Nedić Zoran P. , Pagnacco Maja C.
Published: November 2021

The Briggs-Rauscher (BR) oscillatory reaction is the oxidation of malonic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iodate in the acidic environment, which is catalyzed by ions of manganese. This reaction is very sensitive to the presence of additives. In this paper, the BR reaction has been used to investigate the phosphate tungsten bronze as well as calcium doped tungsten bronze, obtained by thermal treatment. The addition (0.01-0.08 g) of phosphate tungsten bronze and calcium doped phosphate tungsten bronze has a different effect on the dynamics of the Briggs-Rauscher reaction. In the case of the addition of phosphate tungsten bronze in the Briggs-Rauscher reaction, the linear dependence of the length of the oscillatory period on the mass of the added bronze was obtained, while in the case of addition of calcium doped phosphate tungsten bronze, the oscillatory period does not significantly change with an increase of added mass. The mechanism of calcium doped and undoped phosphate tungsten bronze action in BR reaction is probably adsorptive, and it will be the subject of future work. Keywords: oscillatory reactions, Briggs-Rauscher reaction, phosphate tungsten bronze, calcium doped phosphate tungsten bronze, thermal treatment.
Restriction of the access to justice for consideration of the criminal procedure dispute in accordance with the Article 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Topilina Tatiana
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the problems of implementation of the right of access to justice for consideration of the criminal procedure dispute in accordance with the Article 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The author carefully examines the legislation of the countries of post-Soviet space on filing a complaint against actions (omissions), as well as decisions of the prosecuting agency in pretrial proceedings. The subject of this research is the norms of the Russian and foreign legislation that regulate the right of access to justice in criminal proceedings. The object is the legal relations arising in the context of implementation of the right of access to justice. The article employs the universal systemic method of cognition; comparative-legal, formal-legal, and statistical methods; as well as logical analysis of the normative legal acts. It is indicated that restriction of the access to justice for consideration of the criminal procedure dispute in accordance with the Article 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is also established by the practice developed in law enforcement for evaluation of the complaint prior to its consideration involving  the parties with the possibility of making a decision on whether to remit or reject the complaint in the absence of legislatively specified grounds, which directly affects the number of addressed complaints. The conclusion is made on the need to specify the grounds for remitting the complaint of an applicant filed in accordance with the Article 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of excluding the possibility of decision made by the court that is not based on the law on remitting or rejecting the complaint for consideration (the Article 125 of Code of Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation).
The Evidence Liberal Arts Needs
Authors: Detweiler Richard A.
Published: November 2021

Empirical evidence for the value of a liberal arts education: how and why it has a lasting impact on success, leadership, altruism, learning, and fulfillment.

In ongoing debates over the value of a college education, the role of the liberal arts in higher education has been blamed by some for making college expensive, impractical, and even worthless. Defenders argue that liberal arts education makes society innovative, creative, and civic-minded. But these qualities are hard to quantify, and many critics of higher education call for courses of study to be strictly job-specific. In this groundbreaking book, Richard Detweiler, drawing on interviews with more than 1,000 college graduates aged 25 to 65, offers empirical evidence for the value of a liberal arts education. Detweiler finds that a liberal arts education has a lasting impact on success, leadership, altruism, learning, and fulfillment over a lifetime.

Unlike other defenders of a liberal arts education, Detweiler doesn't rely on philosophical arguments or anecdotes but on data. He developed a series of interview questions related to the content attributes of liberal arts (for example, course assignments and majors), the context attributes (out-of-class interaction with faculty and students, teaching methods, campus life), and the purpose attributes (adult life outcomes). Interview responses show that although both the content of study and the educational context are associated with significant life outcomes, the content of study has less relationship to positive adult life outcomes than the educational context. The implications of this research, Detweiler points out, range from the advantages of broadening areas of study to factors that could influence students' decisions to attend certain colleges.
Establishment and validation of an individualized macrophage-related gene signature to predict overall survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Su Peng , Peng Ziqi , Xu Boyang , Yang Bowen , Jin Feng
Published: November 2021

Background

Recently, researchers have classified highly heterogeneous triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) into different subtypes from different perspectives and investigated the characteristics of different subtypes to pursue individualized treatment. With the increase of immunotherapy and its preliminary application in TNBC treatment, the value of immune-related strategies in the treatment of TNBC has been initially reflected. Based thereon, this study plans to classify and further explore TNBC from the perspective of immune cell infiltration.

Method

The fractions of immune cells of TNBC patients were assessed by six immune component analysis methods in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Hub genes significantly related to poor prognosis were verified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, Lasso analysis, and univariate KM analysis. Two cohorts of TNBC patients with complete prognosis information were collected for validation analysis. Finally, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was adopted to ascertain the sensitivity differences of different populations based on hub-gene grouping to different chemotherapy drugs.

Results

Five hub genes (CD79A, CXCL13, IGLL5, LHFPL2, and PLEKHF1) of the key co-expression gene module could divide TNBC patients into two groups (Cluster A and Cluster B) based on consistency cluster analysis. The patients with Cluster A were responsible for significantly worse prognosis than the patients with Cluster B (P = 0.023). In addition, another classification method, PCoA, and two other datasets (GSE103091 and GSE76124), were used to obtain consistent results with previous findings, which verified the stability of the classification method and dataset in this study. The grouping criteria based on the previous results were developed and the accuracy of the cut-off values was validated. A prognosis model of TNBC patients was then constructed based on the grouping results of five hub genes and N staging as prognostic factors. The results of ROC and decision curve analyses showed that this model had high prediction accuracy and patients could benefit therefrom. Finally, GDSC database analysis proved that patients in Cluster A were more sensitive to Vinorelbine. Separate analysis of the sensitivity of patients in Cluster A to Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine showed that the patients in Cluster A exhibited higher sensitivity to Vinorelbine. We hypothesized that these five genes were related to gemcitabine resistance and they could serve as biomarkers for clinical drug decision-making after anthracene resistance and taxane resistance in patients with advanced TNBC.

Conclusion

This study found five hub prognostic genes associated with macrophages, and a prognostic model was established to predict the survival of TNBC patients. Finally, these five genes were related to gemcitabine resistance in TNBC patients.
Control Charts, Synthetic
Authors: Chakraborti Subhabrata , Rakitzis Athanasios C.
Published: November 2021

It is well known that the Shewhart control charts are not very sensitive for detecting small and moderate shifts in the process parameters. A synthetic chart, which is a combination of a Shewhart control chart and a conforming run‐length (CRL) chart, has been proposed and studied as a viable alternative for that purpose. The advantage of a synthetic chart is its ease of design, operation, and interpretation. In this contribution, we discuss the most common types of synthetic charts, along with some illustrations of their practical implementation. Both parametric and nonparametric synthetic charts are considered.
100 m min−1 Industrial‐Scale Flexographic Printing of Graphene‐Incorporated Conductive Ink
Authors: Macadam Nasiruddin , Ng Leonard W. T. , Hu Guohua , Shi HaoTian H. , Wang Wenyu , Zhu Xiaoxi , Ogbeide Osarenkhoe , Liu Shouhu , Yang Zongyin , Howe Richard C. T. , Jones Chris , Huang Yan Yan Shery , Hasan Tawfique
Published: November 2021

Flexographic printing is promising for large‐area electronics due to high print‐speed and roll‐to‐roll capability. There have been recent attempts in using graphene as an active pigment in inks, most notably for slower techniques such as inkjet and screen printing. However, formulation of graphene‐enhanced inks for high‐speed printing and its effect on key metrics have never been investigated. Herein, graphene nanoplatelets (GPs) are incorporated to a conductive flexographic ink without compromising the rheological properties. An industrial scale at 100 m min−1 is printed on paper and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using a commercial flexographic press, and statistical performance variations are investigated across entire print runs. It is shown that GP‐incorporation improves sheet‐resistance (Rs) and uniformity, with up to 54% improvement in average Rs and 45% improvement in the standard‐deviation on PET. The adhesion on both the substrates improves with GP‐incorporation, as verified by tape/crosshatch tests. The durability of GP‐enhanced samples is probed with a 1000 cyclic bend‐test, with 0.31% average variation in resistance in the flat state on PET between the first and last 100 bends, exhibiting a robust print. The statistically scalable results show that GP‐incorporation offers a cost‐performance advantage for flexographic printing of large‐area conductive patterns without modifications to traditional high‐speed graphics printing presses.
Thermoresponsive Triblock‐Copolymers of Polyethylene Oxide and Polymethacrylates: Linking Chemistry, Nanoscale Morphology, and Rheological Properties
Authors: da Silva Marcelo Alves , Haddow Peter , Kirton Stewart B. , McAuley William J. , Porcar Lionel , Dreiss Cécile A. , Cook Michael T.
Published: November 2021

Thermoreversible gels switch from a free‐flowing liquid state to an elastic gel mesophase upon warming, displaying the reverse transition upon cooling. While this phenomenon makes these advanced materials highly attractive in numerous fields, the generation of optimal materials of tailored rheology and transition temperatures is stifled by the lack of design principles. To address this need, a library of ABA copolymers has been prepared with “A” blocks exhibiting thermoresponsive behavior and “B” blocks of poly(ethylene glycol). This library evaluates the effect of “A” chemistry, probing three polymer classes, and A/B block molecular weight on thermally‐induced phase changes in solutions of the polymers. An exploration by rheometry coupled to Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) elucidates temperature‐dependent hierarchical self‐assembly processes occurring on the nanoscale as well as bulk rheology. This process deciphered links between rheology and supracolloidal assemblies (sphere, ellipses, and cylinders) within the gel state with interactions probed further via structure factors. Several design principles are identified to inform the genesis of next‐generation thermoreversible gels, alongside novel materials exhibited thermoresponsive behavior in the solution state for use in applied healthcare technologies.
Injectable, Pore‐Forming, Perfusable Double‐Network Hydrogels Resilient to Extreme Biomechanical Stimulations
Authors: Taheri Sareh , Bao Guangyu , He Zixin , Mohammadi Sepideh , Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Lessard Larry , Li Jianyu , Mongeau Luc
Published: November 2021

Biological tissues hinge on blood perfusion and mechanical toughness to function. Injectable hydrogels that possess both high permeability and toughness have profound impacts on regenerative medicine but remain a long‐standing challenge. To address this issue, injectable, pore‐forming double‐network hydrogels are fabricated by orchestrating stepwise gelation and phase separation processes. The interconnected pores of the resulting hydrogels enable direct medium perfusion through organ‐sized matrices. The hydrogels are amenable to cell encapsulation and delivery while promoting cell proliferation and spreading. They are also pore insensitive, tough, and fatigue resistant. When tested in biomimetic perfusion bioreactors, the hydrogels maintain physical integrity under prolonged, high‐frequency biomechanical stimulations (>6000 000 cycles at 120 Hz). The excellent biomechanical performance suggests the great potential of the new injectable hydrogel technology for repairing mechanically dynamic tissues, such as vocal folds, and other applications, such as tissue engineering, biofabrication, organs‐on‐chips, drug delivery, and disease modeling.
HFIP vermittelt eine direkte C‐C‐Kupplung zwischen Michael‐Akzeptoren und Eschenmosersalz
Authors: Lemmerer Miran , Riomet Margaux , Meyrelles Ricardo , Maryasin Boris , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: November 2021

Ein direkter C‐C‐Kupplungsprozess, bei dem Michael‐Akzeptoren und Eschenmosersalz zusammengeführt werden, wird vorgestellt. Obwohl er an die Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman‐Reaktion erinnert, benötigt dieser Prozess keinen Lewis‐Base‐Katalysator. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus konnte durch eine Kombination aus kinetischen Isotopenmarkierungsexperimenten und computergestützten Untersuchungen aufgeklärt werden, die die kritische Rolle von HFIP als überlegenem Mediator für Protonentransferschritte sowie die entscheidende Rolle des Halogenidgegenions demonstrieren.
Multi‐Wellenlängen‐Photopolymerisation von stabilen Poly(katecholamin)‐DNA‐Origami‐Nanostrukturen**
Authors: Winterwerber Pia , Whitfield Colette J. , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja
Published: November 2021

Die Herstellung von präzisen Multikomponenten‐Polymerhybriden ist eine chemische Herausforderung bei der Bottom‐up‐Synthese komplexer Nanostrukturen. Wir nutzen die einzigartige Adressierbarkeit der DNA‐Origami‐Technik, um ein auf mehrere Wellenlängen ansprechendes Photopolymerisationssystem mit Nanometerauflösung zu realisieren. Durch die positionsgenaue Immobilisierung verschiedener Photosensibilisatoren auf dem Origami‐Grundgerüst und deren Aktivierung bei verschiedenen, für den jeweiligen Sensibilisator charakteristischen Wellenlängen können wir sequenzielle Polymerisationsprozesse präzise steuern. Die angeregten Photosensibilisatoren erzeugen reaktive Sauerstoffspezies, welche wiederum die Polymerisation der Katecholamine Dopamin und Norepinephrin einleiten. So bilden sich polymere Schichten an festgelegten Positionen auf der DNA‐Origamistruktur, wodurch der polyanionische Charakter der DNA‐Objekte verändert, ihre Aufnahme in Zellen gefördert und gleichzeitig ihre Integrität bewahrt wird. Die von uns vorgestellte Methode bietet eine schnelle Plattform für den Zugang zu komplexen 3D‐Nanostrukturen durch die Anpassung von Material und biologischen Grenzflächen.
Möbius ZnII‐Hexaphyrins Bearing a Chiral Coordinating Arm: A Chiroptical Switch Featuring P/M Twist Inversion Controlled by Achiral Effectors
Authors: Ruffin Hervé , Fihey Arnaud , Boitrel Bernard , Le Gac Stéphane
Published: November 2021

By their conformational flexibility, Möbius aromatic hexaphyrins provide a dynamic chirality attractive to develop stimuli responsive systems such as chiroptical switches. A regular [28]hexaphyrin has been equipped with a chiral coordinating arm to achieve transfer of chirality from a fix stereogenic element to the dynamic Möbius one. The arm allows straightforward formation of labile monometallic ZnII complexes with an exogenous ligand, either a carboxylato or an amino with opposite inwards/outwards orientations relative to the Möbius ring. As a corollary, the chiral coordinating arm is constrained over the ring or laterally, inducing opposite P and M Möbius configurations with unprecedented high stereoselectivity (diast. excess greater than 95 %). By tuning the transfer of chirality, these achiral effectors generate electronic circular dichroism spectra with bisignate Cotton effect of opposite signs. Switching between distinct chiroptical states was ultimately achieved in mild conditions owing to ligand exchange, with high robustness (10 cycles).
Obscured active galactic nuclei and the need for optical to near‐infrared, massively multiplexed, spectroscopic facilities
Authors: Petric Andreea , Lacy Mark , Juneau Stéphanie , Shen Yue , Fan Xiaohui , Flagey Nicolas , Gordon Yjan , Haggard Daryl , Hall Patrick B. , Hathi Nimish , Ilić Dragana , Lagos Claudia D. P. , Liu Xin , O'Dea Christopher , Popović Luka Č. , Sheinis Andy , Wang Yiping , Xue Yongquan
Published: November 2021

Most bulge‐dominated galaxies host black holes (BHs) with masses that tightly correlate with the masses of their bulges. This may indicate that the BHs may regulate galaxy growth, or vice versa, or that they may grow in lock‐step. The quest to understand how, when, and where those BHs formed motivates much of extragalactic astronomy. Here we focus on a population of galaxies with active BHs in their nuclei (active galactic nuclei [AGN]), that are fully or partially hidden by dust and gas: The emission from the broad line region is either completely or partially obscured with a visual extinction of one or above. This limit, though not yet precise, appears to be the point at which the populations of AGN may evolve differently. We highlight the importance of finding and studying those dusty AGN at redshifts between one and three, the epoch when the universe may have gone through its most dramatic changes. We emphasize the need for future large multiplexed spectroscopic instruments that can perform dedicated surveys in the optical and near‐infrared to pin down the demographics of such objects, and study their reddening properties, star‐formation histories, and excitation conditions. These key studies will shed light on the role of BHs in galaxy evolution during the epoch of peak growth activity.
A genome‐scale nutrient minimization forecast algorithm for controlling essential amino acid levels in CHO cell cultures
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Liu Xiao , Anderson Ji Young L. , Naik Harnish Mukesh , Dhara Venkata Gayatri , Chen Xiaolu , Harris Glenn A. , Betenbaugh Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Mammalian cell culture processes rely heavily on empirical knowledge in which process control remains a challenge due to the limited characterization/understanding of cell metabolism and inability to predict the cell behaviors. This study facilitates control of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) processes through a forecast‐based feeding approach that predicts multiple essential amino acids levels in the culture from easily acquired viable cell density data. Multiple cell growth behavior forecast extrapolation approaches are considered with logistic curve fitting found to be the most effective. Next, the nutrient‐minimized CHO genome‐scale model is combined with the growth forecast model to generate essential amino acid forecast profiles of multiple CHO batch cultures. Comparison of the forecast with the measurements suggests that this algorithm can accurately predict the concentration of most essential amino acids from cell density measurement with error mitigated by incorporating off‐line amino acids concentration measurements. Finally, the forecast algorithm is applied to CHO fed‐batch cultures to support amino acid feeding control to control the concentration of essential amino acids below 1–2 mM for lysine, leucine, and valine as a model over a 9‐day fed batch culture while maintaining comparable growth behavior to an empirical‐based culture. In turn, glycine production was elevated, alanine reduced and lactate production slightly lower in control cultures due to metabolic shifts in branched‐chain amino acid degradation. With the advantage of requiring minimal measurement inputs while providing valuable and in‐advance information of the system based on growth measurements, this genome model‐based amino acid forecast algorithm represent a powerful and cost‐effective tool to facilitate enhanced control over CHO and other mammalian cell‐based bioprocesses.
Primary bladder amyloidosis mimicking bladder cancer complicated by bladder rupture: A case report
Authors: Sibira Rayan M. , Albakar Ahmed , Younes Nagy , Albozom Issam A. , Al Rumaihi Khalid
Published: November 2021

Amyloidosis is related to the extracellular deposition of abnormal protein fibrils in various tissues. It can be either localized to an organ or generalized, affecting multiple systems. Amyloidosis of the urinary bladder is a rare histopathological finding. It is clinically interesting that such cases' clinical, radiological, and even endoscopic presentation mimic urothelial carcinoma to a great extent. Here, we discuss a case of a 49‐year‐old gentleman who presented with frank painless hematuria. The patient was diagnosed with a bladder mass suspicious of malignancy depending on the clinical presentation aided by the cystoscopic and radiological evaluation. Histopathologic samples of the transurethral resection of the mass proved to be primary bladder amyloidosis. This case is of unique clinical interest in that it is the first case reported of bladder amyloidosis that is complicated by extraperitoneal bladder rupture post‐operatively. However, no immediate intraoperative perforation to the bladder wall during resection was evidenced.
Efficient Pyrazolo[5,4‐f]quinoxaline Functionalized Os(II) Based Emitter with an Electroluminescence Peak Maximum at 811 nm
Authors: Zhu Ze‐Lin , Wang Sheng‐Fu , Fu Li‐Wen , Tan Ji‐Hua , Cao Chen , Yuan Yi , Yiu Shek‐Man , Zhang Ye‐Xin , Chi Yun , Lee Chun‐Sing
Published: November 2021

Upon fusing the pyrazinyl pyrazole entity in giving pyrazolo[3,4‐f]quinoxaline chelate, the corresponding Os(II) based NIR emitter exhibited “invisible” and efficient electroluminescence with a peak maximum at 811 nm. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.97 % and a suppressed efficiency roll‐off till a current density of 300 mA cm−2 was also exhibited.
Prebiotically Plausible Autocatalytic Peptide Amyloids
Authors: Rout Saroj K. , Rhyner David , Riek Roland , Greenwald Jason
Published: November 2021

The prebiotic emergence of molecules capable both of self‐replication and of storing information was a defining event at the dawn of life. Still, no plausible prebiotic self‐replication of biologically relevant molecules has been demonstrated. Building upon the known templating nature of amyloids, we present two systems in which the products of a peptide‐bond‐forming reaction act as self‐replicators to enhance the yield and stereoselectivity of their formation. This first report of an amino acid condensation that can undergo autocatalysis further supports the potential role of amyloids in prebiotic molecular evolution as an environment‐responsive and information‐coding system capable of self‐replication.
Institutions and entrepreneurship in a non‐ergodic world
Authors: Li Dan , Hitt Michael A. , Batjargal Bat , Ireland R. Duane , Miller Toyah L. , Cuervo‐Cazurra Alvaro
Published: November 2021

Research Summary

This special issue advances the global strategy and entrepreneurship fields by providing a better understanding of the linkage between institutions and entrepreneurship. We provide an overview of existing literature in three key research areas: (a) the impact of institutions (types and complexity) on entrepreneurship, (b) the effect of institutional evolution (overall evolution and interplay among institutions) on entrepreneurship, and (c) the coevolution of institutions and entrepreneurship. We introduce the eight articles appearing in this special issue, examine the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship in a non‐ergodic world, and highlight meaningful and promising avenues for future research in each of the three key research areas in the domain of institutions and entrepreneurship.

Managerial Summary

This study clarifies the complex relationship between institutions (the rules and norms that govern economic transactions) and entrepreneurship. Our discussion of existing literature, special issue articles, institutions and entrepreneurship in a world of significant change, and several promising avenues for future research highlights to entrepreneurs and their stakeholders the critical role that institutions play in entrepreneurial strategies and actions in three ways. First, the types of institutions and their complexity in a location alter entrepreneurs' incentives and ability to create new ventures. Second, the continued changes in institutions ‐ some in favor of free‐market relationships and others restricting them ‐ alter entrepreneurs' behaviors. Third, the entrepreneurial spirit and the creation of new ventures can drive the transformation of institutions that govern future market transactions.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression profile of tsRNAs in LPS‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Lin Yue , Cai Junying , Huang Dan , Zhou Bin , Luo Zhenzhong , Yu Shuchun , Lu Jun
Published: November 2021

Background

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by impaired alveolar function and excessive inflammation, which is commonly seen in clinical anesthesia and intensive care units. tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a non‐coding RNA that can be used as a potential disease diagnostic biomarker. The connection between ALI and tsRNA remains unknown. We aimed to explore the possible regulatory functions and mechanisms of tsRNAs in ALI treated with DEX.

Methods

Firstly, we established the ALI model by LPS injection and explored the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) treatment on lung damage. Then, the lung tissues were obtained from the LPS and LPS + DEX group for small RNA sequencing.

Results

We proved that DEX could ameliorate pulmonary injury, and decreased inflammation, pulmonary edema, and ferroptosis (MDA down‐regulation and GPX4 up‐regulation) in ALI. Furthermore, in the tsRNA expression profile, the top 10 down‐regulated tsRNAs were tsRNA‐1018, tsRNA‐3045b, tsRNA‐5021a, tsRNA‐1020, tsRNA‐5002b, tsRNA‐3045b, tsRNA‐1026, tsRNA‐5004a, tsRNA‐5005b and tsRNA‐1009, and the top 10 up‐regulated tsRNAs were tsRNA‐3025b, tsRNA‐3025a, tsRNA‐5016b, tsRNA‐3042b, tsRNA‐3029b, tsRNA‐3028b, tsRNA‐5006a, tsRNA‐3027b, tsRNA‐3027a, and tsRNA‐5009b. The enrichment analysis of GO terms and KEGG pathways pointed that target genes of DE‐tsRNAs were mainly enriched in regulation of transcription‐associated GO terms, NF‐kappa B signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. The RT‐qPCR results of tsRNA‐1020 and tsRNA‐1018 were in accordance with small RNA sequencing data.

Conclusion

DEX affected the abnormal expression of tsRNAs in ALI. These aberrantly expressed tsRNAs and enriched physiological processes provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ALI.