bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified ventriculoperitoneal shunt applied to temporary external ventricular drainage
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Chen Jintao , Lin Weili , Liu Bei , Weng Chaoqun , Yang Yongzhao , Liu Congai , Zhang Rongbiao
Published: July 2024

External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a common procedure in neurosurgical practice. Presently, the three methods used most often include direct EVD (dEVD), long-tunneled external ventricular drains (LTEVDs), and EVD via the Ommaya reservoir (EVDvOR). But they possess drawbacks such as limited duration of retention, vulnerability to iatrogenic secondary infections, and challenges in regulating drainage flow. This study aimed to explore the use of a modified ventriculoperitoneal shunt (mVPS)—the abdominal end of the VPS device was placed externally—as a means of temporary EVD to address the aforementioned limitations. This retrospective cohort study, included 120 cases requiring EVD. dEVD was performed for 31 cases, EVDvOR for 54 cases (including 8 cases with previously performed dEVD), and mVPS for 35 cases (including 6 cases with previously performed EVDvOR). The one-time success rate (no need for further other EVD intervention) for dEVD, EVDvOR, and mVPS were 70.97%, 88.89%, and 91.42%, dEVD vs EVDvOR (P < 0.05), dEVD vs mVPS (P < 0.05), EVDvOR vs mVPS (P > 0.05). Puncture needle displacement or detachment was observed in nearly all cases of EVDvOR, while no such complications have been observed with mVPS. Apart from this complication, the incidence of postoperative complications was 35.48%, 14.81%, and 8.5%, dEVD vs EVDvOR (P < 0.05), dEVD vs mVPS (P < 0.05), EVDvOR vs mVPS (P > 0.05). Mean postoperative retention for EVD was 14.68 ± 9.50 days, 25.96 ± 15.14 days, and 82.43 ± 64.45 days, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, mVPS significantly extends the duration of EVD, which is particularly beneficial for patients requiring long-term EVD.
Triglyceride-glucose index is associated with the risk of impaired fasting glucose in Chinese elderly individuals
Authors: Liu Jie , Yi Feng , Duan Kai , Liu Haibo
Published: July 2024

The association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in elderly individuals remains uncertain. Our study aimed to explore the association between the TyG index and the risk of future IFG in this population. This retrospective cohort study included 17,746 elderly individuals over 60. In this population, Cox regression models proportional to hazards, along with smooth curve fitting and cubic spline functions, were employed to examine the association between the baseline TyG index and the risk of IFG. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity were also performed to ensure the robustness of the study findings. After adjusting for covariates, a positive association between the TyG index and the risk of IFG was found (HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27–1.60, P < 0.0001). The likelihood of IFG rose steadily as the TyG index quartiles (from Q1 to Q4) increased, with Q4 demonstrating a 62% elevated risk compared to Q1 (adjusted HR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.37–1.90). Additionally, we found the association between TyG index and risk of IFG was a linear. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of the results. Our study observed a linear association between the TyG index and the development of IFG in elderly Chinese individuals. Recognizing this association can help clinicians identify high-risk individuals and implement targeted interventions to reduce their risk of progressing to diabetes.
Environmental sustainability and architectural design analysis of Taihu Olympic sports center gymnasium
Authors: Han Xiu , Shen Jinghua
Published: July 2024

There is often a close relationship between architectural creation and environmental Sustainability. The rapid development of green buildings. Ecological considerations, local resources, material choices, energy consumption and carbon emissions will all play an important role. This paper use Citespace software which was utilized to conduct keyword searches for “green building” in 300 Chinese papers and 500 SCI papers, followed by an analysis of the clustering patterns among domestic and international publications related to green building. Then this paper analyzes the green building design from three aspects: the selection of single form, planning and design, and the surrounding ecological environment, and explores the Taihu Olympic Sports Center gymnasium from the perspective of sustainable development. The characteristics of sustainable building and green building design are summarized. By examining case studies on green buildings that prioritize energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, this study aims to promote the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature through architecture. Through the implementation of green design principles, users can enjoy enhanced functionality while effectively improving urban residents’ quality of life, maximizing urban development benefits, and ultimately achieving long-term sustainable development for both humanity and nature.
Development of a myco-material based on textile and agro-industrial waste for thermal insulation
Authors: Gomez Tomas Simon , Garcia Luis Miguel , Vertua Camilla , del Pilar Rivera Luis Maria , Oviedo Juan Camilo , Monticelli Carol , Glorieux Christ , Escobar Nelson
Published: July 2024

The European Union is promoting the increased use of thermal insulation to ensure energy conservation in the coming years. This will drive increased demand for materials suitable for such applications. However, the rise in the production of goods combined with the prevalent use of non-renewable resources in thermal insulation pose environmental challenges, leading to increased pollution and solid waste accumulation. In response, this study focuses on developing and characterizing a sustainable, biodegradable mycelium-based composite for thermal insulation. The bio-composite, cultivated from Pleurotus Pulmonarius fungus in agro-industrial and textile waste, offers a promising approach. In this work, two distinct combinations of substrates were utilized: one comprising 70% grass cuttings and dry leaves, along with 30% recycled ground textile, predominantly polyester; the other consisting of 70% sugarcane bagasse and 30% ground textile waste. Additionally, an extra 20% of the substrate weight of Pleurotus Ostreatus grain spawn was added to each combination to facilitate mycelium growth. The mycomaterials were tested for tensile and compression analysis (ASTM D3039 and ASTM D695 standards, respectively) and a thermal conductivity assessment (ISO 8301) was done. The materials showed better performance at compression tests than tensile test. Also, results demonstrate the superior performance of sugarcane bagasse mycelium composites over the dry leaves/grass cutting counterparts in thermal conductivity, tensile and compression tests. The inclusion of synthetic fibres to the mycelium composite may have compromised the mechanical and thermal properties of the samples as polyester fibres have a higher thermal conductivity than the natural components included in the sample. The fibres being synthetic, the mycelium could not feed on it, thus impeding binding and proliferation in some sections of the material.
Enhancement of grid-tied wind system performance under different loading scenarios
Authors: Nagi Reddy B. , Naveen V.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a grid-tied wind system with three-phase and four wire is planned to operate under a variety of loading circumstances. It is proposed that a control technique be utilized in order to provide a reference current signal for the purpose of managing the operation of a three-phase four-wire parallel connected active power filter. When it comes to the generation of reference current, the synchronous reference frame (SRF) method based on time-domain has been widely acknowledged to come with the advantage of providing control simplicity. The parallel active power filter, also known as SAPF, is the most efficient method for reducing the effects of current harmonics. For example, the SRF approach, which was initially designed to function with a three-wire system, cannot be immediately used to a four-wire network without undergoing adjustments. As a result, a new topology is projected in order to accomplish the minimization of harmonic current under non-linear, step change, and/or unbalanced loads. Through the utilization of the MATLAB/Simulink software, the design structure of the proposed approach was developed.
A Fuzzy-Based Method for Improving the Quality of Power in a Grid-Connected System Using a Solar Pv-Fed Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Neelima K. , Dinesh G.
Published: July 2024

The combination of non-conventional sources, namely solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the power grid has received considerable recognition in recent years, mostly because of its environmental and economic advantages. Nevertheless, the incorporation of these systems presents difficulties with power quality, including issues with voltage variations, harmonics, and the control of reactive power. This work introduces a control approach based on fuzzy logic to improve the quality of electricity in grid-connected devices. The technique utilizes a multilayer inverter powered by solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. The incorporation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into the power grid brings up several power quality concerns, including voltage swings, harmonics, and imbalances in reactive power. This research introduces a control technique based on fuzzy logic with a solar PV-fed multilevel inverter to improve power quality in the proposed. The proposed system utilizes a multilayer inverter to minimize harmonic distortion and enhance voltage profiles. An inverter's output is regulated by a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to guarantee steady and high-quality power transmission to the grid. The simulation findings clearly show that the FLC is effective in ensuring voltage stability, minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD), and improving reactive power flow. This highlights the potential of the FLC for broad use in current grid-connected renewable energy systems.
Optimizing Motor Performance with Improved Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization and Fuzzy Logic Controllers: A Comparative Study in Torque Control
Authors: Ajmal Mahasin M. Mohamed , Sanjay R. , Rathinavel D. , Raviprakash E. , Vinubalan V.
Published: July 2024

Utilizing fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) and the improved fractional ordered Darwinian particle swarm optimization method (IFODPSO), this paper demonstrates a way to boost motor performance. The system is able to generate torque instantly and respond quickly because it uses direct torque control (DTC) approaches that are regulated by IFODPSO. Motor performance improvement with IFODPSO and fuzzy logic controllers is the motive of this study. The regulation of torque in motor applications is the particular issue that is being tackled. The research compares the IFODPSO-FLC method's performance with that of typical field-oriented control (FOC) method and DTC method. In contrasted with more conventional FOC and DTC methods, the results obtained by the IFODPSO-FLC methodology show promise for torque control, highlighting the significance of the findings. To further enhance system efficiency at low speeds, the suggested PI-fuzzy opposition estimation accounts for fluctuations in stator resistance. An innovative and effective strategy is the integration of fractional-order FLCs with Darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO). The outcomes are assessed with the use of MATLAB-Simulink and the performance that is derived from them shows promise for effective motor control applications.
Recyclable Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites for Sustainable Packaging Solutions
Authors: Yadav Ruchika , Kumar Singla Atul , Ghalwan Manish , Mahajan Shriya , Sharma Pooja , Sankara Babu B. , Talukdar Soumita
Published: July 2024

This study explores the potential of recyclable polymer matrix nanocomposites for sustainable packaging solutions. Nanocomposites were created by combining different polymer matrices (PET, PLA, HDPE, PP) with various types of nanofillers (Clay, Graphene, Cellulose, Nanoclay), and the nanofiller content varied from 2% to 5%. Graphene-based nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional tensile strength (55 MPa) and Young's modulus (4.0 GPa) in comparison to alternative formulations, as indicated by mechanical properties analysis. Graphene nanocomposites demonstrated the most effective barrier properties, with the lowest oxygen permeability (1.0 cm^3/m^2·day·atm) and water vapor transmission rate (2.3 g/m^2·day). The analysis revealed that cellulose nanocomposites exhibited the highest glass transition temperature (72°C) and melting temperature (185°C) in terms of their thermal properties. The findings highlight the wide range of benefits that recyclable polymer matrix nanocomposites can bring to sustainable packaging applications. These include improved mechanical strength, enhanced barrier performance, and increased thermal stability. This underscores their versatility and potential in this field. Additional research is necessary to enhance synthesis methods, investigate new nanofiller materials, and assess long-term performance in real-world packaging scenarios.
Digital Agriculture: Harnessing IoT and Data Analytics for Smart Farming Solutions
Authors: Ravichandran D. , Dhanabalan S. , Santhanakrishnan A. , Sarveshwaran S. , Yogesh R.
Published: July 2024

The integration of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is an increasingly popular subject among scholars due to its potential to revolutionize the agricultural sector. The IoT will decrease resource wastage by enabling farmers to utilize sensor node data for decision-making instead of just depending on expertise. (e.g., fertilizers, water, pesticides, and fumigants). CNN enhances monitoring systems by predicting the amount of consumable resources needed to improve productivity and detect agricultural illnesses early. SAgric-IoT is a technological platform created for precision agriculture. It combines CNN and IoT to monitor physical and environmental factors, identify illnesses at an early stage, and manage greenhouse irrigation and fertilization. The findings indicate that SAgric-IoT is a dependable Internet of Things (IoT) platform characterized by minimal packet loss, significant energy conservation, and disease detection and classification processes exceeding 90% accurate.
Improving Power Quality with Non-Segregated Dynamic Voltage Restorer-Ultra capacitor Design
Authors: Mounica Patil , Vinod Reddy S. , Rajitha G. , Akshaya B. , Patel Bhavna
Published: July 2024

A product that might improve voltage sag and swell change and integration of energy storage is the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Ultra capacitors, or UCAPs, are conducive in relieve voltage swells and sags which compose a challenge to high power for concise periods of time. In the end, both high power density and low energy density are consummate. One vital outcome of the ongoing study is that the DVR form accommodate rechargeable UCAP-based energy storage. When this system is assimilate, it will banish commitment for the grid to monitor for foible on the grid as long as the UCAPDVR system wield as an active power source and self-adjust to indemnify for unforeseen voltage swells and sags. An engrossing way to lessen sag is to utilize a dual-way DC-DC converter connected to an ultra-capacitor or dynamic voltage restorer to provide an accurate dc-link output voltage for the DVR. As a result of the integrated UCAP- DVR's advancement, speedy harmonic distortion is mitigated by reducing transient voltage swells and sags simultaneously. The PI controller will be leaned over other controllers in this specimen. A suggested framework is confirmed by virtue of, simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Forecasting of effluent from wastewater treatment industries using a novel Fuzzy logic system
Authors: Chiranjivi M. , Suresh K. , Anand Kumar A. , Siddartha M. , Ravi Teja M. , Rani M.
Published: July 2024

Accurate modelling of the wastewater discharge parameters is necessary to lower the operational costs of such a wastewater treatment facility. The article presents a unique method for predicting the effluent prominence features for such an industrialized wastewater treatment facility. Artificial intelligence modelling is one such technique that enables analysis of the pollutant characteristics in treatment facilities and more effective regulation of them during processing. The study suggests using a fuzzy logic approach to regulate biological wastewater treatment. These computer programs are designed to forecast treatment issues in the future intervene promptly and efficiently in the facility, lessen or completely eradicate environmental pollution, enhance the ecosystem, and assess the wastewater treatment plant's treatment efficiency. The study intends to employ fuzzy logic models of artificial intelligence to accomplish the best treatment process, including O&G, BOD, COD, TSS, and TDS, while also assuring that the treated wastewater complies with regulations. Additionally, statistical analysis of the data was performed. The best value and the highest R2 value were discovered; these numbers demonstrate that the expected and investigational performances are comparable, and that the plant's presentation could be correctly predicted utilizing a fuzzy logic model, allowing fuzzy logic to be employed to describe the method.
Review on Charging Methods and Charging Solutions for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chakravarthy B.K. , Lakshmi G. Sree , Prasad Bhupathi Hari
Published: July 2024

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity due to low maintenance cost and zero emissions. The range of the EVs depends on the energy stored in their batteries which can be charged by using a normal (AC) charger or a fast (DC) charger. The batteries in EVs can be used as storage devices in Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Load (V2L) technologies. Fast chargers have an important role in EV applications. Hence this article comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging methods and charging solutions for EV applications. This article presents an overview of charging methods and charging solutions for electric vehicles.
Electrical Parameter Design and Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drive
Authors: Sivasubramaniyam Vigneselvan , Gatto Gianluca , Kumar Amit , Ramasamy Suganthi
Published: July 2024

Due to the need to replace fossil fuels with cleaner alternatives, the advancement of electric mobility has accelerated. Based on this, the electric train has been successfully developed and reached the condition. However, logistics and commercial vehicles still need to be sufficiently developed due to the electrical machine efficiency, weight, size, and control technology of the machines. This can be overcome by optimizing the dimensions of machines like winding diameter, length, and magnetic properties. In this study, we discussed various loss assessments, optimized winding size, and examined the mechanical properties of machines, including speed and torque. To examine the efficiency, speed, and torque characteristics of a machine, mathematical calculations are first done. The analytical model is validated through COMSOL, later the speed-torque characteristics are validated using a Simulink/MATLAB model.
Performance Analysis of Electrical Vehicles Batteries using Kalman Filter
Authors: Mahesh G. Sreeramulu , C Divya , K Monisha , Fathima N. Asfa , Ranjit P.S.
Published: July 2024

The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery plays a crucial role in the performance of electric vehicles, owing to its unique properties and compact size. To ensure the prolonged lifespan of these batteries, it is imperative for users to exercise additional precautions. The variable load torque applied to the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive, influenced by diverse road conditions, adds complexity to the scenario. Assessing the State of Charge (SoC) of the Li-ion battery proves to be a significant challenge, given the multitude of electrical sensors and mechanical components involved in the operation of electric vehicles (EVs). In such instances, the SoC may be subject to noisy measurements, leading to performance degradation of the battery over time. This paper proposes the utilization of the Kalman filter to estimate the actual SoC from the noisy measurements, relying on indirect measurements as a basis for improved accuracy.
Green Synthesis of Nanocomposite Catalysts for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Jain Alok , Prakash Sunil , Bansal Shubhansh , Sharma Rajeev , Satyanarayana G.V.V. , Naath Mongalc Binitendra
Published: July 2024

This research explores the effectiveness of environmentally friendly nanocomposite catalysts for cleaning up polluted areas. The results of the characterization showed that nanocomposite A had particles that were 20 nm in size, a surface area of 50 m^2/g, and a pore volume of 0.1 cm^3/g. In contrast, nanocomposite E had particles that were 15 nm in size, a surface area of 45 m^2/g, and a greater pore volume of 0.08 cm^3/g. Evaluations of the effectiveness of the catalysts in removing pollutants showed that nanocomposite E was the most effective, with removal percentages of 95% for Pollutant A, 90% for Pollutant B, and 98% for Pollutant C. Analyses of the reaction kinetics showed that nanocomposite E had the best catalytic kinetics, with a rate constant of 0.08 min^-1 and a turnover frequency of 0.003 mol/g/min. As compared to other catalysts, nanocomposite C had the lowest cost per gram and the highest cost efficiency, making it the most cost-effective alternative. With nanocomposite E showing better efficiency in pollutant removal and catalytic kinetics, the results indicate that catalysts made of nanocomposite materials using green techniques might be used for long-term, effective environmental cleanup. Based on these findings, nanocomposite catalysts have great promise for promoting environmental sustainability and protection.
From star field affiliation to sundial theory: spatial expression in Qing dynasty Taiwan gazetteers
Authors: Liu Yao , Feng Wenwen
Published: July 2024

Star field affiliation is an important part of ancient Chinese gazetteers. The gazetteers of Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty presented many ‘different opinions’ about the star field affiliation of Taiwan. These different opinions illustrate the difficulty of self-consistency in traditional Chinese star field affiliation theory and reflect the influence of the concept of grand unification on traditional Chinese geographical knowledge. During the Qianlong period, with the introduction of Western surveying and mapping knowledge, the sundial began to replace star field affiliation and became a new geographical positioning theory. Taiwan, whose geographical positioning also completed the transformation from the star field affiliation to sundial theory at the end of the Qing Dynasty, witnessed the replacement of traditional Chinese place knowledge with cosmopolitan knowledge. Looking back at the writings regarding the star field affiliation in Taiwan gazetteers in the Qing Dynasty, there was both debate and consensus.
“We are completely stunned”
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Patricia , Maíz-Arévalo Carmen
Published: July 2024

The relationship between service providers and guests has changed due to online platforms like Airbnb, which allow
for a more direct contact between them. Although most responses to guests’ reviews tend to be positive and even include relational
work strategies (Bridges and Vásquez 2018; Hernández-López 2019), verbal aggression is also performed (Hopkinson
2018). This study aims to focus on explicit and implicit aggressive responses to negative reviews on Airbnb in English and
Spanish, with special attention to corrective facework strategies to repair the hosts’ face loss (Guerrero et al. 2014; Maíz-Arévalo 2019). Thus, 200 responses
to negative reviews were gathered and analysed qualitatively, considering the strategies intended to mitigate potential face
threat and to revert the situation. It was found that most of the hosts’ responses in the Spanish dataset aimed at repairing their
own face within the community, while their English counterparts acknowledged negative reviews and apologised more often.
Tides of Change: The Story of Lakshadweep Tourism
Authors: Choudhary Aditi , Gopalkrishna Mahima
Published: July 2024

Lakshadweep, an attractive archipelago in the Arabian Sea, is increasingly noted as a promising tourist destination with its pristine beaches, diverse marine life, and rich cultural heritage. Over the past five decades, the islands have witnessed significant progress in institutionalising tourism, driven by policy reforms and strategic planning initiatives. The initial serendipitous tourism developmental encounters have steered Lakshadweep towards adopting tourism as a stimulant for its development. However, as tourism continues to expand on the islands, it is crucial to prioritise the local community’s well-being and the region’s ecological integrity. While the local community aspires to be the custodian of the destination’s natural and cultural assets, the emphasis is now on the administration to change its centralised orientation and facilitate sustainable development based on a collaborative model. Looking ahead, the future of tourism in Lakshadweep hinges on adopting a destination stewardship model that fosters stakeholder collaboration and ensures tourism development aligns with the islands’ cherished traditions and values.

Information

© The Authors 2024
On the local linearization of the one-dimensional stochastic wave equation with a multiplicative space-time white noise forcing
Authors: Huang Jingyu , Oh Tadahiro , Okamoto Mamoru
Published: July 2024

In this note, we establish a bi-parameter linear localization of the one-dimensional stochastic wave equation with a multiplicative space-time white noise forcing.
The Early On-treatment Stiffness Decline Attributed to the Improved Hepatic Inflammation in Fibrotic Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Li Mingwei , Yao Mingjie , Wang Leijie , Liu Yanna , Ji Dong , Yang Yongping , Lu Fengmin
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

Hepatic inflammation, the driver of fibrosis progression in liver disease, can impact the accuracy of liver stiffness measurement (LSM). We wondered whether the decline in LSM value during the early antiviral phase was mainly attributed to the control of hepatic inflammation or the regression of fibrosis in patients with fibrotic/cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Patients and Methods:

The study cohort was composed of 82 patients with CHB who underwent antiviral and antifibrotic therapy at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital. All patients had liver biopsies at both baseline and 72 weeks posttherapy. Liver pathology and clinical data, including the LSM value, were collected.

Results:

After 72 weeks of treatment, both the histologic activity index score and fibrosis score, as well as the LSM value, were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), compared with their baseline values. The pretreatment correlation of LSM value with either histologic activity index score (r = 0.526 vs r = 0.286) or fibrosis score (r = 0.677 vs r = 0.587) was attenuated at 72 weeks. Notably, logistic regression analysis revealed that the improvement in inflammation (odds ratio = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.002-1.031, P = 0.023) but not fibrosis (odds ratio = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.980-1.009, P = 0.414), had an impact on the change in LSM values between baseline and at 72-week treatment.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest that in patients with fibrotic CHB receiving antiviral medication, the early phase reduction in LSM value was related to improved hepatic inflammation rather than fibrosis regression.
Analysis of India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
Authors: Naithani Paarth
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Data protection is a significant area of law in a country like India, which is digitalising at a fast rate. Recently, India passed comprehensive data protection legislation after discussing several draft data protection frameworks. This paper aims to analyse the provisions of India’s first comprehensive data protection legislation, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA), 2023.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper aims to analyse how the DPDPA’s provisions should be interpreted. The methodology involves studying the act’s provisions, identifying shortcomings and suggesting ways of addressing the shortcomings through legal interpretation. The paper interprets DPDPA provisions through a comparative analysis with the proposed American Privacy Rights Act 2024 and EU General Data Protection Regulation. The methodology can be broadly classified as doctrinal and comparative legal research.

Findings

The paper makes several recommendations for interpreting the provisions of the DPDPA, which are discussed throughout the paper and summarised in the way forward section.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis of this paper is limited to present-day data protection concerns. In the future, research can assess how the DPDPA can be interpreted to solve the challenges presented by societal and technological progress.

Originality/value

The originality and contribution of the paper are analysis and interpretation of the provisions of the DPDPA that will provide data principals with strong control over personal data and ensure stringent data protection obligations on data fiduciaries.
Biomechanical properties of the capsule and extracellular matrix play a major role during the Wolffian/epididymal duct development
Authors: Oliveira Erika C. S. , Hu Ping , Shook David R. , Wallrabe Horst , Townsend Natalie N. , Bingham Grace C. , Barker Thomas H. , Hinton Barry T.
Published: July 2024

Background

The epididymis is important for sperm maturation and without its proper development, male infertility will result. Biomechanical properties of tissues/organs play key roles during their morphogenesis, including the Wolffian duct. It is hypothesized that structural/bulk stiffness of the capsule and mesenchyme/extracellular matrix that surround the duct is a major biomechanical property that regulates Wolffian duct morphogenesis. These data will provide key information as to the mechanisms that regulate the development of this important organ.

Objectives

To measure the structural/bulk stiffness in Pascals (force/area) of the capsule and the capsule and mesenchyme together that surrounds the Wolffian duct during the development. To examine the relative membrane tension of mesenchymal cells during the Wolffian duct development. Since Ptk7 was previously shown to regulate ECM integrity and Wolffian duct elongation and coiling, the hypothesis that Ptk7 regulates structural/bulk stiffness and mesenchymal cell membrane tension was tested.

Materials and methods

Atomic force microscopy and a microsquisher compression apparatus were used to measure the structural stiffness. Biomechanical properties within the membranes of cells within the capsule and mesenchyme were examined using a membrane‐tension fluorescent probe.

Results and discussion

The structural stiffness (Pascals) of the capsule and underlying mesenchyme was relatively constant during development, with a significant increase in the capsule at the later stages. However, this increase may reflect the ECM and associated mesenchyme being close to the capsule because the coiling of the duct pushed or compressed them into that space. Keeping the capsule and mesenchyme/ECM at constant stiffness would ensure that the duct will continue to coil under similar biomechanical forces throughout the development. Cells within the capsule and mesenchyme at different Wolffian duct regions during the development had varying degrees of membrane lipid tension. It is hypothesized that the dynamic changes ensure the duct is kept at a constant stiffness regardless of any external forces. Loss of Ptk7 resulted in an increase in stiffness at E18.5, which was presumable due to the loss of integrity of the ECM within the mesenchyme.

Conclusion

Biomechanical properties of the capsule and the mesenchyme/extracellular matrix that surround the Wolffian duct play an important role toward Wolffian duct morphogenesis, thereby allowing for the proper development of the epididymis and subsequent male fertility.
Validity assessment of oral health promotion activities targeting the older population for community care in South Korea: A Delphi study
Authors: Choi Jin‐Sun , Bae Soo‐Myoung , Shin Bo‐Mi , Lee Hyo‐Jin , Yoon Hye‐Young , Shin Sun‐Jung
Published: July 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to establish an oral health activity assessment tool for older people and evaluate its validity.

Background

To provide reasonable and efficient oral health promotion services with limited medical resources, a tool including categories and items of oral health promotion activities for older people should be prepared.

Materials and methods

The tool initially consisted of 76 items on oral health promotion activities for older people classified into assessment‐performance‐evaluation stages. Topics for each stage included general and oral health, daily health, oral health status, behaviour, and awareness. In addition, two Delphi surveys were conducted on 10 experts who met the selection criteria, and the final items were derived based on the review opinions.

Results

As a result of the first and second Delphi surveys, the content validity for all items was ≥0.60 and the content validity index was ≥0.80. In the first survey, the degree of convergence in some items was 0‐0.88. After modifying the contents according to expert opinions, the degree of convergence was improved from 0 to 0.50 in the second survey. The degree of agreement ranged from 0.75 to 1.00, indicating that experts agreed. Finally, a total of 65 items were derived.

Conclusion

A 65‐item tool was derived through two Delphi surveys for the assessment of oral health activities for older people. The use of the tool developed in this study would likely contribute to better prevention of oral diseases and the promotion of oral health among older people.
Stereophotometric facial changes in edentulous older adults after rehabilitation with complete dentures
Authors: Skomina Zala , Kuhar Milan , Verdenik Miha , Ihan Hren Nataša
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the facial characteristics of edentulous older adults who underwent rehabilitation using complete dentures, and to compare them with dentate individuals.

Background

Edentulism rehabilitation with complete dentures aims to restore occlusion and facial aesthetics.

Materials and Methods

The study included 102 edentulous participants needing prosthodontic rehabilitation with complete dentures and 30 with a natural dentition (aged >65). The 3D facial scans were performed using an Artec optical scanner. Superficial facial landmarks were identified, and 16 parameters were calculated. Regional analysis with the superimposition of two scans was used to calculate the average distances and percentage of non‐matching surfaces in the 11 regions. Paired and independent t‐tests (α = .05) were used to test for group differences, as appropriate.

Results

After rehabilitation with complete dentures, facial changes were most noticeable in the perioral region: wider rima oris, longer upper lip, wider upper vermilion, and more protruded profile. The comparison of facial regions without and with dentures showed fuller and curvier cheeks, with no direct influence of dentures. The edentulous faces with dentures appeared shorter and more retruded than those of dentate individuals. A narrower lower vermilion, retruded upper lip, and more flattened facial profile were observed in females with dentures than in their dentate peers.

Conclusion

Besides the expected positive influence of rehabilitation with complete dentures on facial appearance in the perioral region, there are some unexpected changes, such as fuller cheeks, but there is still deficiency in vertical facial dimensions and a more flattened facial profile.
A meta‐analysis of the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the characteristics of dried fruits and vegetables
Authors: Zhao Wenzheng , Chen Zhongzheng , Lin Xiaorong , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: July 2024

Parameter selection in ultrasonic pretreatment is closely related to the quality of dried fruits and vegetables, so it is essential to investigate the impact of various parameters of ultrasonic pretreatment on the product quality. In this paper, data from 67 relevant literatures were collected to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on dried fruits and vegetables through meta‐analysis. Overall, the findings indicated that ultrasonic pretreatment could shorten drying time, reduce hardness and improve color appearance of dried products. Subgroup analysis showed that high power ultrasound (P ≥ 300 W) could increase total phenol content and antioxidant activity of dried fruits and vegetables. Additionally, applying short‐duration ultrasound (t < 15 min) increased antioxidant activity, while medium‐duration ultrasound (15 min < t < 30 min) simultaneously enhanced flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. In summary, the application of ultrasonic pretreatment has a positive impact on processing high quality dried fruits and vegetables and obtains better‐quality products in a shorter time compared to direct drying technology.

Practical applications

Obtaining higher quality dried fruit and vegetable products in a shorter time has always been a research hotspot in the food industry. This study emphasized the positive effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on fruit and vegetable drying, and provided a theoretical basis for the selection of ultrasonic pretreatment parameters.
Doxycycline pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion in striped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) after oral administration
Authors: Vinh Pham Quang , Thinh Nguyen Quoc , Devreese Mathias , Croubels Siska , Oanh Dang Thi Hoang , Dalsgaard Anders , Maita Masashi , Phu Tran Minh
Published: July 2024

The pharmacokinetics and residue depletion of doxycycline (DOX) in striped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) after oral dosage were investigated. The pharmacokinetic experiment was conducted in an aquarium, while the experiment of residue depletion was performed in both an aquarium and earth ponds. Medicated feed was administered orally using the gavage method at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight. Blood, liver, and kidney from medicated fish samples were collected. In the depletion experiments, fish were fed medicated feed for five consecutive days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight, with samples collected during and after medication. The concentrations of DOX were quantified using an LC–MS/MS system. The pharmacokinetics parameters of DOX in striped catfish included the absorption rate constant (ka), absorption half‐life (T1/2abs), maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximal plasma concentration (Tmax), and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 96 h (AUC0–96 h) which were 0.12 h−1, 5.68 h, 1123.45 ng/mL, 8.19 h, and 25,018 ng/mL/h, respectively. Residue depletion results indicated that the withdrawal times of DOX in muscle (with skin) from fish kept in the aquarium were slightly longer than that in fish raised in earth ponds, corresponding to 194 degree‐days compared with 150 degree‐days. In conclusion, administration of DOX at the dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight can be used for treatment of bacterial infections in striped catfish, and a withdrawal time of 5 days at 29.4°C will ensure consumer food safety due to the rapid depletion of DOX from muscle and skin.
Comparing public support for digital surveillance policies in 50 countries
Authors: Jin Jing , Guo Yufan , Lu Jia
Published: July 2024

Objective

This article employs three theoretical approaches (cultural, institutional, and informational) to explain public willingness to support two major forms of digital surveillance policies—video surveillance and internet surveillance—in the countries with varying levels of political trust.

Methods

Utilizing the data from World Values Survey (WVS) and the other sources, this study conducts a multi‐level analysis involving 75,721 respondents from 50 countries or regions.

Results

The results show that public support for digital surveillance policies varies across digital surveillance types and political trust contexts. The cultural approach demonstrates consistent effects that remain robust irrespective of the type of digital surveillance or political trust. The institutional approach varies by the level of political trust, and the informational approach differs between video and internet surveillance.

Conclusion

The effects of three theoretical approaches are compared across digital surveillance types and across political trust contexts. The comparison examines the privacy calculus theory in different scenarios and reveals the intricate trade‐off mechanism inherent in public support for digital surveillance policy.
Antagonistic conflict between transposon-encoded introns and guide RNAs
Authors: Žedaveinytė Rimantė , Meers Chance , Le Hoang C. , Mortman Edan E. , Tang Stephen , Lampe George D. , Pesari Sanjana R. , Gelsinger Diego R. , Wiegand Tanner , Sternberg Samuel H.
Published: July 2024

TnpB nucleases represent the evolutionary precursors to CRISPR-Cas12 and are widespread in all domains of life. IS605-family TnpB homologs function as programmable RNA-guided homing endonucleases in bacteria, driving transposon maintenance through DNA double-strand break–stimulated homologous recombination. In this work, we uncovered molecular mechanisms of the transposition life cycle of IS607-family elements that, notably, also encode group I introns. We identified specific features for a candidate “IStron” from
Clostridium botulinum
that allow the element to carefully control the relative levels of spliced products versus functional guide RNAs. Our results suggest that IStron transcripts evolved an ability to balance competing and mutually exclusive activities that promote selfish transposon spread while limiting adverse fitness costs on the host. Collectively, this work highlights molecular innovation in the multifunctional utility of transposon-encoded noncoding RNAs.
A physician’s legacy
On Call: A Doctor’s Journey in Public Service
Anthony Fauci
Viking, 2024. 480 pp.
Authors: Thompson Valerie
Published: July 2024

Tony Fauci reflects on a remarkable career
Accusations sting bee ‘odometer’ studies
Authors: Quaglia Sofia
Published: July 2024

Scientists allege irregularities in papers on how honey bees gauge distance
Discretization of the Lotka–Volterra System and Asymptotic Focal and Prefocal Sets
Authors: Françoise Jean-Pierre , Fournier-Prunaret Daniele
Published: July 2024

We revisit the Kahan–Hirota–Kimura discretization of a quadratic vector field. The corresponding discrete system is generated by successive iterations of a birational map [Formula: see text]. We include a proof of a formula for the Jacobian of this map. In the following, we essentially focus on the case of the Lotka–Volterra system. We discuss the notion of focal points and prefocal lines of the map [Formula: see text] and of its inverse [Formula: see text]. We show that the map [Formula: see text] is the product of two involutions. The nature of the fixed points of [Formula: see text] is studied. We introduce the notion of asymptotic focal and prefocal sets. We further provide a new proof of the theorem of Sanz-Serna. We show that the mapping [Formula: see text] is integrable for [Formula: see text] and that it preserves a pencil of conics (generic hyperbolas). To conclude, we provide several numerical simulations for [Formula: see text].
Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Sensing Using TiO2/CuO Hierarchical Heterojunction Nanostructure
Authors: Chakraborty Pinak , Majumder Tanmoy , Dhar Saurab , Mondal Suvra Prakash
Published: July 2024

The development of highly sensitive, long-lasting and cost-effective dual hydrogen peroxide (H2O[Formula: see text]/glucose sensors is crucial for various industries, particularly in medical, clinical diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring and food business. In our study titanium dioxide/copper oxide (TiO2/CuO) hierarchical nanostructure electrodes have been grown using hydrothermal process and their nonenzymatic H2O2 sensing and glucose sensing properties have been demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry measurements. The surface morphology of TiO2 nanorods (TiO2 NRs) and TiO2/CuO hierarchical nanostructure was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TiO2/CuO hierarchical nanostructure electrodes demonstrated sensitivity of 20.09 [Formula: see text]A mM[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] toward H2O2, in the concentration range 0.25–18.25 mM. The TiO2/CuO hierarchical nanostructure electrodes demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.5 mA mM[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] towards glucose, in the concentration range 0.05–5 mM. Furthermore, artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to model the observed experimental results.
Acyl‐CoA Thioesterase 1 Contributes to Transition of Steatosis to Metabolic‐Associated Steatohepatitis
Authors: Pasini Elisa , Baciu Cristina , Angeli Marc , Arendt Bianca , Pellegrina Diogo , Reimand Jüri , Patel Keyur , Tomlinson George , Mazhab-Jafari Mohammad T. , Kotra Lakshmi P. , Fischer Sandra , Allard Johane P. , Humar Atul , Bhat Mamatha
Published: July 2024

Background. Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease, but there has been no approved pharmacotherapy to date. Methods. We used a network analysis approach to delineate protein‐protein interactions that contribute to the transition from steatosis to MASH, in order to identify and target this transition as a potential pharmacotherapeutic strategy. Acyl‐CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) was identified as a critical node in the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network of the transition from steatosis to MASH in patient samples. ACOT1 overexpression and silencing effects were tested in vivo on C57BL/6 mice exposed to high‐fat diet (HFD) and inoculated with an adenoviral system to modulate ACOT1 expression. Transcriptomic and untargeted lipidomic profiles were performed on the mouse livers. Results. ACOT1 expression was 3‐fold higher in MASH as compared to steatosis. In patient samples, ACOT1 was significantly correlated with the severity of MASH as reflected by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease score. Experimental validation showed that downregulation of ACOT1 resulted in decreased lipid accumulation and prevention of MASH in vivo. Conversely, upregulation of ACOT1 via an adenoviral vector resulted in development of MASH, whereas control mice only developed steatosis. Lipidomic analysis revealed glycerophospholipids to be especially abundant in MASH accelerated by ACOT1 upregulation. Conclusion. These results suggest that ACOT1 contributes to the transition from steatosis to MASH through modulation of glycerophospholipid accumulation and its potential as a novel therapeutic target in MASH. This trial is registered with NCT02148471.