bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and morphological evidence reveals three species within the California sister butterfly, Adelpha bredowii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae)
Authors: PRUDIC KATHLEEN L. , WARREN ANDREW D. , LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS JORGE
Published: June 2019

In recent decades the butterfly Adelpha bredowii (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), known in the USA as the California Sister, has been considered to be a polytypic array of taxa, composed of two, three or four subspecies. The most recent review of the genus (Willmott 2003a) recognized three: A. b. bredowii, A. b. eulalia (= guatemalensis) and A. b. californica. We used mitochondrial (COII) and nuclear (Tpi) DNA sequence data, coupled with a reevaluation of traditional morphological characters, to determine the phylogenetic relationships between members of the A. bredowii complex, and to elucidate their taxonomic status. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data corroborated the monophyly of each of the three subspecies (sensu Willmott), with the following topology: (bredowii + (eulalia + californica)). Average levels of COII variation among these taxa were much greater than the average variation within each taxon (3.4% vs. 0.2%, respectively). There were no shared alleles among these taxa, even from localities where two lineages (bredowii and eulalia) were collected in exact sympatry and synchrony. The degree of genetic divergence, reciprocal monophyly, and absence of shared alleles between taxa, coupled with unique morphological and distributional attributes of each, strongly suggest that A. bredowii, A. eulalia and A. californica are all species-level taxa, as they are treated herein (rev. stat.). Adelpha bredowii is endemic to western, central and southern Mexico: the syntype female (herein designated Lectotype) most likely originated near Oaxaca City, Oaxaca. Adelpha eulalia occurs from Guatemala, through much of Mexico, to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, United States (as permanent residents; further north as vagrants), and occurs in exact sympatry with A. bredowii at least in Oaxaca, Mexico, but potentially in much of western and southwestern Mexico. The syntype female of eulalia (herein designated Lectotype) most likely originated from south-central Mexico. Adelpha californica is allopatric with respect to the other two species, occurring in northern Baja California, much of California, far western Nevada, Oregon and Washington. Our results highlight the continuous need for systematic scrutiny of familiar taxa, and raise the prospect that the genus Adelpha may be comprised of many more hidden species.
Distinguishing between Leptidea sinapis and L. reali (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) using a morphometric approach: impact of measurement error on the discriminative characters
Authors: FUMI MICHELE
Published: June 2019

A morphometric approach was used to test the possibility of discriminating between L. sinapis and L. reali by taking into account some new genitalic characters in addition to those used in previous surveys. Principal component analysis, performed on the size-and-shape data sets and on the size-adjusted data sets, has allowed two completely separate morphotypes to be detected, both in males and in females. Discriminant analysis has confirmed the separation of previously detected morphotypes and has correctly classified 100% of the specimens in both sexes with six discriminative characters being identified in males and two in females. However, some of these discriminative characters were not considered reliable enough because of the high associated measurement error and the scarce discriminative power. Reliable discriminative characters were: vinculum (≈ valve) width, length of phallus (≈ aedoeagus ≈ aedeagus), saccus and uncus in males and ductus bursae length in females. The main topics discussed are: a comparison of the discriminative characters with previous studies, the sources of measurement error and the devices used to reduce it, as well as the between and within-species variability of the characters.
A new species of Himacerus from South Africa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nabidae)
Authors: KERZHNER IZYASLAV M. , JACOBS DAWID H.
Published: June 2019

Himacerus frater sp. nov. is described from the western part of the Republic of South Africa. It is closely related to H. hottentotta (Reuter). A key to the Afrotropical species of Himacerus is given.
Erratum: Fox, E.G.P et al. (2007) On the immature stages of the crazy ant Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille 1802) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 1503, 1-11.
Authors: FOX E. G. P.
Published: June 2019

(Erratum)
Review of the waspfish genus Liocranium (Scorpaeniformes: Tetrarogidae), with restoration of L. pleurostigma (Weber)
Authors: MOTOMURA HIROYUKI , LAST PETER R. , JOHNSON JEFFREY W.
Published: June 2019

A taxonomic review of the waspfish genus Liocranium Ogilby, 1903 (Tetrarogidae) resulted in two species of the genus being regarded as valid: L. praepositum Ogilby, 1903 (type species of the genus) and L. pleurostigma (Weber, 1913) (previously regarded as a junior synonym of L. praepositum). Liocranium pleurostigma is distinguished from L. praepositum by colour pattern, gill-raker counts and several morphometrics, including upper-jaw length, depth of the posterior margin of the maxilla, length of the longest anal-fin soft ray, and position of the spine tip of the depressed pelvic fin. Lectotypes of the two nominal species are herein designated. Liocranium pleurostigma is distributed off the northwestern coast of Australia (east to Torres Strait), New Guinea and the Philippines, whereas L. praepositum occurs off the northeastern coast of Australia (north to about Hinchinbrook Island). Comments on the biogeography of Liocranium are also provided.
A new genus and two new species of Saurodocus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Melitidae) from Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia
Authors: YERMAN MICHELLE N. , KRAPP-SCHICKEL TRAUDL
Published: June 2019

A new genus, Saurodocus gen. nov., and two new species, S. hobbit sp. nov. and S. minimarenus sp. nov. are described from Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia, collected from coarse coral sands with coral rubble in shallow water. Saurodocus belongs to the Ceradocus group — a group of genera within the Melitidae allied to Ceradocus Costa, 1853, united by a widened triangular inner plate on maxilla 2 and setation on the inner margin of the inner plates of both maxillae. The combination of an un-produced anteroventral corner on coxa 1, lack of posteroventral lobe on coxa 4 and a deeply cleft telson separates Saurodocus from all other genera in the Ceradocus group.
Revision of the genus Poriptus Stal (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae)
Authors: BARCELLOS ALINE , GRAZIA JOCELIA
Published: June 2019

The neotropical genus Poriptus Stål, 1861 is revised, based upon morphological characters. Poriptus tobago sp. nov. is described from the Caribbean. Illustrations and a key to species are provided.
The identity of Languria femoralis Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae)
Authors: GIMMEL MATTHEW L. , CARLTON CHRISTOPHER E.
Published: June 2019

In her monograph of North American Languriidae (= Erotylidae: Languriinae), Vaurie (1948) noted that Motschulsky (1860: 242) described the species Languria femoralis from New Orleans, Louisiana, but Vaurie did not examine the type. No additional information has been published on this species. The original description, reproduced here, states:
A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Euctenizinae)
Authors: STOCKMAN AMY , BOND JASON E.
Published: June 2019

The mygalomorph spider genus Promyrmekiaphila comprises two species known from northern and central California. The type species, P. clathrata (Simon), is considered a senior synonym of P. gertschi Schenkel and P. zebra (Chamberlin & Ivie); male and female exemplar specimens are described. A new species, Promyrmekiaphila winnemem, from Shasta and Tehama Counties in northern California, is described.
New species and a new genus of Cirolanidae (Isopoda: Cymothoida: Crustacea) from groundwater in calcretes in the Pilbarra, northern Western Australia
Authors: BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: June 2019

Kagalana tonde gen. nov., sp. nov. and Haptolana yarraloola sp. nov. are described from subterranean water in calcretes in the Pilbarra region, Western Australia. Kagalana is characterised by haptorial dactylus on pereopod 1, short antennule and antenna peduncles, and pleonites 4 and 5 narrow, laterally overlapped by margins of pleonite 3 and pleonite 5 narrower than the pleotelson anterior margin. Haptolana yarraloola is the second record of the genus from Australia, both species of which are from Western Australia.
A new species of Weiseronyssus Samsinak 1962 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Diplogyniidae) from Iran, with a key for genera
Authors: KAZEMI SHAHROOZ , KLOMPEN HANS , MORAZA MARÍA L. , KAMALI KARIM , SABOORI ALIREZA
Published: June 2019

A new species of Weiseronyssus (Mesostigmata: Diplogyniidae) is described from adult females and males taken from Oryctes nasicornis (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in northern Iran. The genus was previously known from a single species associated with an undetermined dynastine scarab from southern China. The generic diagnosis is updated and a key to the genera of Diplogyniidae is presented.
A new genus of Philorheithridae (Trichoptera) from Madagascar
Authors: WEAVER III JOHN S. , GIBON FRANÇOIS-MARIE , CHVOJKA PAVEL
Published: June 2019

Afrorheithrus genus novum and three species (Afrorheithrus fallax sp. nova, A. mirus sp. nova, A. admirabilis sp. nova) of the family Philorheithridae (Trichoptera) are described from Madagascar, representing the first described philorheithrids from the Afrotropical Region.
5100 m above sea level: Agabus joachimschmidti sp. n. and notes on other high altitude diving beetles from Tibet and Bhutan (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)
Authors: BRANCUCCI MICHEL , HENDRICH LARS
Published: June 2019

Agabus joachimschmidti sp. n. is described from a temporary brook at 5100 m a.s.l. in south central Tibet, which is a worldwide altitude record for Dytiscidae. It belongs to the Agabus confinis-group and is related to A. tibetanus Zaitzev, 1908 from which it can be separated by its smaller size, different habitus and form of the median lobe. Important species characters of the new species are illustrated (median lobe of aedeagus, parameres, habitus). Altogether six species of the A. confinis-group are now reported from China. Further localities for the recently described Agabus suoduogangi Stastný & Nilsson, 2003 (Yünnan) and Ilybiosoma yeti Brancucci & Hendrich, 2006 (Tibet) are recorded. Agabus longissimus Régimbart, 1899 is recorded for the first time in Bhutan. Notes on the distribution and life habitats of all the species are given.
Contribution to the knowledge of Iranian Pygopleurus Motschulsky, with description of P. rapuzzii n. sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaphyridae)
Authors: KEITH DENIS , ULIANA MARCO
Published: June 2019

A new species of Glaphyridae is described: Pygopleurus rapuzzii n. sp. from northwestern Iran. The new species is sympatric with and shares many character states with P. anahitae Mitter, from which it can be differentiated by the shape of genital parts and by morphological characters of head, pronotum, and elytra. Both species are illustrated for the first time. New records from Iran are given for other species of the genus Pygopleurus Motschulsky.
A new genus and species of the Mirine plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirinae) from South Korea
Authors: CHO YOUNG JAE , KWON YONG JUNG
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a unique new mirine plant bug collected in Jeollanamdo province and Gyeongsangbukdo province, South Korea. This mirid, which is represents a new genus of the tribe Mirini, exhibits external features such as an oval body, a vertex without transverse carina, an impunctate pronotum, and hemelytra that are shallowly punctate with blackish short pubescence. Although somewhat similar externally to certain species of the genus Lygocorides Yasunaga, the new mirid differs substantially with respect to the structure of the male genitalia; in particular, the vesica possesses a peculiar bundle of spinelike spicules and coiled-branched lobe-sclerites. Several external diagnostic characters also support the placement of this species into a new genus.
The identity of Neopsittaconirmus palaeornis (Eichler) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Psittacula derbiana (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae), with a new synonymy
Authors: SYCHRA OLDŘICH , PALMA RICARDO L.
Published: June 2019

Neopsittaconirmus palaeornis was originally described by Eichler (1943: 114; as Pflegeriella palaeornis) based on a single male from the Derbyan Parakeet, Psittacula derbiana (Fraser).  Eichler (1943: 114) also examined a female, which appears to belong to the same species, found on a Blue Magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha (Boddaert), almost certainly an accidental host. In his review of the genus Neopsittaconirmus, Guimarães (1974: 186) placed Pflegeriella palaeornis in that genus, and wrote: “Eichler’s description of this species is too deficient, and I had no specimens from the type-host.” Therefore, Guimarães was not able to describe it and compare it against the remaining species of Neopsittaconirmus.
The status of Mesnil's 1949 Die Fliegen genus-group names (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: EVENHUIS NEAL L. , O’HARA JAMES E.
Published: June 2019

The proposal of 14 genus-group names in Tachinidae by Mesnil in his 1949 Lieferung of Die Fliegen der palaearkti-schen Region are researched to determine their validity and the first validation of each name. Three of these, Paradrino Mesnil, Pimelimyia Mesnil, and Tamaromyia Mesnil, previously thought to be unavailable in that work are found here to be valid by type fixation by monotypy.
A new species of the genus Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Crustacea, Syncarida, Bathynellacea) from the hyporheic zone of the River Godavari, South India
Authors: REDDY Y. RANGA , DREWES J. , SCHMINKE H. K.
Published: June 2019

Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 is the third genus of Parabathynellidae to be discovered in India. A. operculata sp. n. shows three characters, which are unique within Parabathynellidae: fusion of the inner flagellum of the antennule with the first segment of the outer flagellum, presence of a single seta on the lateral surface of the uropodal sympod, and conspicuous tubes on the labrum. A. operculata sp. n. is also the first species of the genus with an inhomonomous spine row on the uropodal sympod and with an anal operculum almost reaching the end of the furca. Atopobathynella has a Gondwanan distribution, and is being reported for the first time from Asia.
Two new genera with descriptions of three new species of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from China
Authors: LIU CHUN-XIANG , KANG LE
Published: June 2019

Two new genera, Parapelerinus gen. nov., and Conversifastigia gen. nov. with three new species, P. ensatus sp. nov., P. emarginatus sp. nov., and C. gressitti sp. nov. are described from Southern China. Principal taxonomic and diagnostic characters including structure of head, tegmen, stridulatory file of male, male and female apex are illustrated. Parapelerinus is distinguished from other related genera by the sword-like ovipositor, which is very uncommon in the subfamily Phaneropterinae. The species of Conversifastigia gen. nov. possess a pyramidal fastigium frontis, which is not present in related genera.
A review of the genus Caissa Hering in China (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
Authors: WU CHUNSHENG , FANG CHENGLAI
Published: June 2019

Four species of the genus Caissa Hering are recognized from China, in which C. longisaccula and C. caii are described as new to science and C. parenti Orhant is reported for the first time in China. The photographs of moths and their genitalia are given. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is provided.
Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography
Authors: PEREZ-GELABERT DANIEL E.
Published: June 2019

This work is a first attempt to integrate into one list and quantify all the known species of Hispaniolan arthropods. It includes all the terrestrial and surrounding marine arthropod species (plus those of Tardigrada and Onychophora) known to me to be reported for the island of Hispaniola until the end of 2007, as well as 158 species that are reported here as new records for the Dominican Republic and the island. A total of 8,237 valid species (6,833 extant and 1,404 fossils) are listed, of which the largest component are the insects (5,676 extant and 824 fossil species). Preliminarily, 2,521 arthropod species (36.9%) are considered to be endemic or unique to Hispaniola. Also 84 species are recognized as introduced. The bibliography complements the taxonomic information and includes over 4,000 titles. Brief annotations are also given on the history of entomology in Hispaniola.
Shallow water Tanaidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) of Australia
Authors: EDGAR GRAHAM J.
Published: June 2019

Investigation of shallow reef habitats around Australia revealed an extremely rich tanaid (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Tanaidae) fauna. A total of 21 species in the family are now recognised from the Australian continent and Tasmania— about one-third of tanaids known worldwide. In this study, 15 species are diagnosed, including a new genus, Austrotanais g. sp., and twelve new species, Austrotanais rileyi n. sp., Sinelobus barretti g. sp., Zeuxoides lasti n. sp., Zeuxoides lauriebourqueae n. sp., Zeuxoides mawbeyi n. sp., Zeuxo russi n. sp., Zeuxo belli n. sp., Zeuxo kirkmani n. sp., Zeuxo odohertyae n. sp., Zeuxo mooneyi n. sp., Zeuxo shepherdi n. sp. and Pancoloides moverleyi n. sp. Keys are provided to local genera and species.
A species level revision of Bridgerian and Uintan brontotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) exclusive of Palaeosyops
Authors: MADER BRYN J.
Published: June 2019

A systematic revision based on a morphological and statistical analysis recognizes the following Bridgerian and Uintan brontothere species as valid: Mesatirhinus megarhinus, Metarhinus fluviatilis, Metarhinus diploconus, Sphenocoelus uintensis, Sphenocoelus intermedius, Sphenocoelus hyognathus, Telmatherium validus, Protitanotherium emarginatum, Pseudodiplacodon progressum, Eotitanotherium osborni, Sthenodectes incisivum, and Metatelmatherium ultimum. The valid Bridgerian genus Palaeosyops is not discussed in the present paper. Mesatirhinus, Metarhinus, and Sphenocoelus are grouped within the subfamily Dolichorhininae; Telmatherium, Protitanotherium, Pseudodiplacodon, and Eotitanotherium are grouped within the subfamily Brontotheriinae; and Sthenodectes and Metatelmatherium are listed as Brontotheriidae incertae sedis. It is possible that Metatelmatherium may be a member of the subfamily Brontotheriinae or that it may be closely related to Sthenodectes, justifying the recognition of another North American brontothere subfamily, the Metatelmatheriinae.
DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries
Authors: ELÍAS-GUTIÉRREZ MANUEL , JERÓNIMO FERNANDO MARTÍNEZ , IVANOVA NATALIA V. , VALDEZ-MORENO MARTHA , HEBERT PAUL D. N.
Published: June 2019

DNA barcoding, based on sequence diversity in the mitochondrial COI gene, has proven an excellent tool for identifying species in many animal groups. Here, we report the first barcode studies for freshwater zooplankton from Mexico and Guatemala and discuss the taxonomic and biological implications of this work. Our studies examined 61 species of Cladocera and 21 of Copepoda, about 40% of the known fauna in this region. Sequence divergences among conspecific individuals of cladocerans and copepods averaged 0.82% and 0.79%, respectively, while sequence divergences among congeneric taxa were on average 15-20 times as high. Barcodes were successful in discriminating all species in our study, but sequences for Mexican Daphnia exilis overlapped with those of D. spinulata from Argentina. Our barcode data revealed evidence of many species overlooked by current classification systems —for example, based on COI genotypes the Diapahanosoma birgei group appears to include 5 species, while Ceriodaphnia cf. rigaudi, Moina cf. micrura, Mastigodiaptomus albuquerquensis and Mastigodiaptomus reidae all include 2–3 taxa. The barcode results support recent taxonomic revisions, such as recognition of the genus Leberis, and the presence of several species in the D. birgei and Chydorus sphaericus complexes. The present results indicate that DNA barcoding will provide powerful new insights into both the incidence of cryptic species and a better understanding of zooplankton distributions, aiding evaluation of the factors influencing competitive outcomes, and the colonization of aquatic environments.
Glyptothorax coracinus, a new species of hillstream catfish from Cambodia (Teleostei: Sisoridae)
Authors: NG HEOK HEE , RAINBOTH WALTER J.
Published: June 2019

Glyptothorax coracinus sp. nov. is described from the western face of the Krâvanh (Cardamom) Mountains and Dâmrei (Elephant) Mountains in southwestern Cambodia. It can be distinguished from congeners by its color pattern consisting of blackish brown body with indistinct pale longitudinal stripes on the lateral line and mid-dorsal regions of the body, pale markings on the nuchal plate absent, length of adipose-fin base 12.3–14.5% SL, length of caudal peduncle 18.6– 21.0% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 7.9–9.4% SL, body depth at anus 11.0–14.6% SL, eye diameter 6.3–7.2% HL, 36– 37 vertebrae, tubercles on the dorsal surface of the head with a single, median ridge, and anastomosing striae absent on thoracic adhesive apparatus that does not reach the level of the base of the last pectoral-fin ray.
Spockia tagala gen. and sp. nov. a new monotypic genus of Asopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from the Philippines
Authors: ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , KIM JUNGGON , KIM KWANG-HO , LEE SANG-GEUI , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: June 2019

Spockia tagala gen. and sp. nov., from the Philippines is herein described. Thus this new genus is herein proposed to hold this single species. Spokia gen. nov. can be distinguished by absence of some generic characters present in the morphologically similar oriental genera Blachia and Cazira, like the foretibial expansion and the gibbosity on the scutellum. The morphological comparisons of Spockia gen. nov. and the morphologically related genera are discussed.
Last snails standing since the Early Pleistocene, a tale of Calliostomatidae (Gastropoda) living in deep-water coral habitats in the north-eastern Atlantic
Authors: HOFFMAN LEON , BEUCK LYDIA , VAN HEUGTEN BART , LAVALEYE MARC , FREIWALD ANDRÉ
Published: June 2019

Three species in the gastropod genus Calliostoma are confirmed as living in Deep-Water Coral (DWC) habitats in the NE Atlantic Ocean: Calliostoma bullatum (Philippi, 1844), C. maurolici (Seguenza, 1876) and C. leptophyma Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896. Up to now, C. bullatum was only known as fossil from Early to Mid-Pleistocene outcrops in DWC-related habitats in southern Italy; our study confirmed its living presence in DWC off Mauritania. A discussion is provided on the distribution of DWC-related calliostomatids in the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea from the Pleistocene to the present.
Children’s and Adults’ Affectionate Generosity Toward Members of Different Religious Groups
Authors: Heiphetz Larisa , Young Liane L.
Published: June 2019

This article examines children’s and adults’ willingness to give a nonmonetary resource—affection—to in-group versus out-group members. In a study of attitudes toward Christian, Jewish, and non-religious people, religious participants—children as well as adults—reported that the religious out-group member was more like them and more likeable than the non-religious character, despite the fact that both characters were members of an out-group. Non-religious participants did not distinguish between out-group characters in response to these questions. Although these patterns emerged among both children and adults, we also found that children reported more affection toward Christian characters than did adults. We discuss implications of the results for the study of generosity as well as for intergroup attitudes, religious cognition, and development.
Parental Incarceration and Child Overweight: Results From a Sample of Disadvantaged Children in the United States
Authors: Branigan Amelia R. , Wildeman Christopher
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Rates of childhood obesity and parental incarceration have been increasing in the United States since the 1970s. We examined whether parental incarceration was associated with child overweight at age 9 and whether that association differed by which parent was incarcerated.

Methods:

We ran cross-sectional logistic regression models predicting the likelihood of a child being overweight, conditional on whether the child’s mother, father, or both parents had ever been incarcerated. Our sample included non-Hispanic black (n = 1638) and non-Hispanic white (n = 504) children who were surveyed at age 9 in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a stratified random sample of new and mostly unmarried parents in US cities with populations >200 000. Children were born between 1998 and 2000.

Results:

Controlling for race, sex, parental socioeconomic status, maternal obesity, parental impulsivity, and child temperament, the odds of being overweight were significantly lower if a child’s mother was the only parent ever incarcerated (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.83) or if both parents were ever incarcerated (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.87) compared with children whose parents were never incarcerated. Having a father who had ever been incarcerated had a comparatively meager and nonsignificant effect on the odds of a child being overweight (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.01).

Conclusions:

Our findings contribute to an emerging body of research suggesting that the consequences of parental incarceration for young children’s physical health may differ by whether a child’s mother or father has ever been incarcerated. Caution is warranted in generalizing the negative behavioral and mental health effects of parental incarceration to child physical health conditions, particularly for young children whose mothers have a history of incarceration.
Remaking Participation in Science and Democracy
Authors: Chilvers Jason , Kearnes Matthew
Published: June 2019

Over the past few decades, significant advances have been made in public engagement with, and the democratization of, science and technology. Despite notable successes, such developments have often struggled to enhance public trust, avert crises of expertise and democracy, and build more socially responsive and responsible science and innovation. A central reason for this is that mainstream approaches to public engagement harbor what we call “residual realist” assumptions about participation and publics. Recent coproductionist accounts in science and technology studies (STS) offer an alternative way of seeing participation as coproduced, relational, diverse, and emergent but have been somewhat reluctant to articulate what this means in practice. In this paper, we make this move by setting out a new framework of interrelating paths and associated criteria for remaking public participation with science and democracy in more experimental, reflexive, anticipatory, and responsible ways. This framework comprises four paths to: forge reflexive participatory practices that attend to their framings, emergence, uncertainties, and effects; ecologize participation through attending to the interrelations between diverse public engagements in wider systems; catalyze practices of anticipatory reflection to bring about responsible democratic innovations; and reconstitute participation as constitutive of (not separate from) systems of technoscience and democracy.
Postoperative Bleeding Associated with Ibuprofen Use after Tonsillectomy: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Stokes William , Swanson Robert T. , Schubart Jane , Carr Michele M.
Published: June 2019

Objective

To better quantify the risk of ibuprofen‐associated posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH).

Data Sources

PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Clinical Trials Database.

Review Method

Literature searches were performed for English‐language publications containing the terms tonsillectomy, ibuprofen, and tonsillectomy from database inception to May 2017. Human clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective cohort studies related to tonsillectomy, ibuprofen use, and posttonsillectomy hemorrhage among pediatric patients were selected. Electronic searches revealed 151 studies, of which 12 were deemed eligible for analysis. Studies were weighted according to level of evidence and risk of bias.

Results

Pooling of results across all studies showed a statistically significant increase in PTH among the patients taking ibuprofen (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.11‐1.72). The I
2 statistic of 20.8% demonstrates overall low study heterogeneity and good comparability of the results.

Conclusion

Our meta‐analysis of available cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) shows possible increased tendency to PTH with the use of ibuprofen. This has not been demonstrated in other studies and systematic reviews because their analyses were limited by use of multiple nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and inclusion of studies limited to the perioperative period and low sample size. However, the current analysis is limited due to inclusion of many retrospective cohort studies with unclear follow‐up and no blinding. Further RCTs will be required to investigate this trend toward increased PTH.
Understanding the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) of Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: June 2019

Objective

The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) represents a threshold value of change in PROM score deemed to have an implication in clinical management. The MCID is frequently used to interpret the significance of results from clinical studies that use PROMs. However, an understanding of the many caveats of the MCID, as well as its strengths and limitations, is necessary. The objective of this article is to provide a review of the calculation, interpretation, and caveats of MCID.

Data Sources

MEDLINE and PubMed Central.

Review Methods

Literature search—including primary studies, review articles, and consensus statements—pertinent to the objectives of this review using PubMed.

Conclusions

The MCID of a PROM may vary depending on the patients and clinical context in which the PROM is given. The primary approaches for calculating MCID are distribution‐based and anchor‐based methods. Each methodology has strengths and limitations, and the ideal determination of a PROM MCID includes synthesis of results from both approaches. The MCID of a PROM is also not perfect in detecting patients experiencing a clinically important improvement, and this is reflected in its accuracy (eg, sensitivity and specificity).

Implications for Practice

Interpretation or application of MCID requires consideration of all caveats underlying the MCID, including the patients in whom it was derived, the limitations of the methodologies used to calculate it, and its accuracy for identifying patients who have experienced clinically significant improvement.
Mental imagery and musical performance: Development of the Musician’s Arousal Regulation Imagery Scale
Authors: Finch Katherine K , Oakman Jonathan M , Milovanov Alexandr , Keleher Beth , Capobianco Kevin
Published: June 2019

Arousal imagery has been used to help performers regulate performance anxiety in order to perform well. Music performance anxiety research has been dominated by relaxation imagery and despite positive results, methodological limitations prevent causal conclusions regarding its efficacy. Further, arousal imagery strategies incorporating high arousal have helped performers in closely related performance domains, and these strategies might benefit musicians. In addition, emotion regulation models raise concerns about the efficacy of relaxation imagery. In light of these issues, understanding whether and how musicians use arousal imagery in their own practice is an important, yet understudied area. Building on earlier work, we developed the Musician’s Arousal Regulation Imagery Scale (MARIS) to measure musicians’ intentional use of different arousal imagery strategies in three samples of musicians with varying levels of expertise, who reported performing different musical genres and instruments from different musical families. Participants completed the MARIS and a musical background questionnaire. Results suggest that the MARIS has excellent psychometric properties and that it captures two broad classes of arousal imagery. Further, findings suggest that musicians use arousal imagery containing varying levels of arousal. Implications of the present study, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Jugaad and informality as drivers of India’s cow slaughter economy
Authors: Narayanan Yamini
Published: June 2019

India’s status as the world’s leading milk producer is significantly sustained by cow slaughter, a criminal act in most Indian states. The paper argues that jugaad, a complex Indian sociological phenomenon of corruption and innovation, is vital in enabling the illegal slaughter of cows on an industrial scale in the informal economy. Jugaad is enacted through ingenious alterations to social processes and material products in two ‘grey’ and informal spaces that are rendered exceptional to formal governance: (1) illicit transportation to slaughterhouses; and (2) intricate social contracts between stakeholders along this production line. Through these processes in informal spaces, the bovine body itself is transformed by way of jugaad from protected dairy cow to contraband beef cow.
Use of Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Fine-Grained Roadside Air Pollution Monitoring
Authors: Li Bai , Cao Rong , Wang Zhanyong , Song Rui-Feng , Peng Zhong-Ren , Xiu Guangli , Fu Qingyan
Published: June 2019

With increasing numbers of motor vehicles, vehicle exhaust gas has become one of the most important sources of urban air pollutants. After being emitted from the motor vehicle, exhaust gas spreads through the air along the road and is gradually deposited in the surrounding area, having an adverse impact on pedestrians and residents. At present, most research on vehicle exhaust directly measures the total emissions from the exhaust pipe or monitors the time variation of air pollutants at the roadside by setting roadside monitoring stations. The spatial resolution of these two methods is very low, however, and it is impossible to describe accurately the diffusion patterns of exhaust gas in the atmosphere after discharge. Some scholars have conducted research on the quality of roadside air by hand-held portable devices, but these are limited by the speed of travel, and the spatial and temporal resolution of the acquired data is also very low. By using multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and portable equipment, this study demonstrates an atmospheric environment monitoring system based on multi-rotor UAV by designing corresponding hardware circuits and software programs. With flexible requirements for takeoff or landing sites and high maneuverability of multi-rotor UAVs, the system increases the capability for high resolution spatial and temporal monitoring of the diffusion of traffic-emitted pollutants. The system can conduct fixed-point measurement by hovering, and can also measure air pollutants in complex urban terrain, providing an innovation in the study of vehicle exhaust gas diffusion.
Evaluating Incident Responsive Signal Control Plans using Multi-Resolution Modeling
Authors: Massahi Aidin , Hadi Mohammed , Shams Kollol , Baqersad Mohamadtaqi
Published: June 2019

The implementation of incident responsive signal control strategies can be effective in relieving congestion during traffic incidents. The goal of this paper is to develop and evaluate a methodology to assess the impacts of incident responsive signal control. This study demonstrates the utilization of a multi-resolution and multi-scenario modeling approach to support the evaluation and design of incident management strategies and the associated incident responsive signal control. The approach utilizes the strength of mesoscopic simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment modeling to determine route diversion and microscopic simulation to estimate the traffic impacts of incident responsive signal timing. The methods also utilize detailed traffic and incident data to inform the analysis, modeling, and simulation. The utilized methods support the modeling of different traffic patterns, confirm the diversion estimated by modeling tools based on field detector data, provide estimation of capacity drop during arterial incidents with different locations from upstream and downstream signals, and address the need for accurate turning movement volumes resulting from the modeling. Results of the case study indicate that implementation of incident responsive signal control strategies provided a reduction in total delay of through movement in the incident direction of 18.5% and 24.5% for 30-min and 45-min incidents, respectively. The corresponding reductions in total delay of all movements in the segment were 7.5% and 9.5%, respectively. These values can be used to inform the return-on-investment as part of planning and operation analysis of active transportation management strategies.
Development of a Methodology for Determining Statewide Recurring and Nonrecurring Freeway Congestion: Virginia Case Study
Authors: Lan Chien-Lun , Venkatanarayana Ramkumar , Fontaine Michael D.
Published: June 2019

State transportation agencies working to alleviate congestion need to design appropriate and effective congestion mitigation strategies for each sub-region and corridor, but solutions to solve recurring and nonrecurring congestions problems differ. Past research shows large variations in the proportion of delay attributable to recurring and nonrecurring sources and cannot be readily used by other states to develop practical solutions. An affordable, automated, and sound delay estimation methodology that breaks down congestion cause components could bring some insights to this problem. This paper seeks to use traffic and event data elements that are commonly available to Departments of Transportation to develop a methodology that can be broadly adopted by states to estimate the magnitude of recurring and nonrecurring congestion. The methodology uses data commonly available to public agencies, and does not require additional data-collection efforts or periodic re-calibration processes. A case study with the Virginia Interstate network, covering over 2,200 directional miles, is summarized in this paper. The results show that nonrecurring congestion contributed to around 24% of total delays. The result also clearly shows that recurring congestion contributed to most of the delays in urban districts, whereas nonrecurring congestion contributed to most of the delays in more rural districts. It can, therefore, be concluded that the use of a static statewide congestion profile is not suitable for individual district needs.
Analysis of Visual Scanning Patterns Comparing Drivers of Simulated L2 and L0 Systems
Authors: Hatfield Nathan , Yamani Yusuke , Palmer Dakota B. , Yahoodik Sarah , Vasquez Veronica , Horrey William J. , Samuel Siby
Published: June 2019

Automated driving systems (ADS) partially or fully perform driving functions. Yet, the effects of ADS on drivers’ visual sampling patterns to the forward roadway remain underexplored. This study examined the eye movements of 24 young drivers during either manual (L0) or partially automated driving (L2) in a driving simulator. After completing a hazard anticipation training program, Road Awareness and Perception Training, drivers in both groups navigated a single simulated drive consisting of four environment types: highway, town, rural, and residential. Drivers of the simulated L2 system were instructed to keep their hands on the steering wheel and told that the system controls the speed and lateral positioning of the vehicle while avoiding potential threats on the forward roadway. The data indicate that the drivers produced fewer fixations during automated driving compared with manual driving. However, the breadth of horizontal and vertical eye movements and the mean fixation durations did not strongly support the null results between the two conditions. Existing hazard anticipation training programs may effectively protect drivers of partially automated systems from inattention to the forward roadway.
The Self-sufficient Citizen: Ecological Habitus and Changing Environmental Practices
Authors: Ford Allison
Published: June 2019

Past research demonstrates that social practices are not simply a matter of individual choices, but a reflection of social conditions that take place within systems of power. Applying theories of practice to environmental practices, this paper analyzes the adoption of self-sufficiency by two groups, homesteaders and preppers, based on evidence from interviews ( n = 23, 13 homesteaders and 10 preppers) and participant observation between 2013 and 2017. Seeking to re-negotiate the material flows of their daily lives to account for discomfort with contemporary social and environmental risk, homesteaders and preppers adopt an environmental self-sufficiency practice that purports to decrease or eliminate reliance on institutions they distrust, a model I call “the self-sufficient citizen.” Homesteaders and preppers experience a double bind of reliance and distrust, which they channel into renegotiating their ecological habitus. They do so by calling on traditional American beliefs in individual responsibility, which, although they appear politically neutral, reinforce the dominant power structures that they distrust. By situating self-sufficiency as reflexively cultural and material, I suggest that our study of environmental practices must move beyond individual attitudes, beliefs, values, and practices, to consider environmental subjectivities: the lived experience of relating to the environment in a social context that incorporates the study of power, ideology, and agency.
Associations Among Child Maltreatment, Mental Health, and Police Contact in Adulthood: Findings From a National Canadian Sample
Authors: Tiwari Ashwini , Andrews Krysta , Casey Rebecca , Liu Alexandra , Tonmyr Lil , Gonzalez Andrea
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between three subtypes of childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence) and two forms of adult police contact (criminality, victimization) using nationally representative Canadian data. Presence of a mental health disorder was also explored as a potential mediating variable in these associations. The weighted sample included 23,846 adult participants from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health. Logistic and multinomial regression analyses examined associations among individual and multiple exposures to subtypes of childhood maltreatment with police contact. The Sobel test was used to assess the mediating effect of mental health disorders. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables, results indicated that all maltreatment subtypes were significantly associated with increased odds of both forms of police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.06 to 2.95). Presence of a mental health disorder was a partial mediator in the associations between child maltreatment and both forms of adult police contact (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.52 to 2.32). In addition, a dose–response relationship was observed for victimization; as the number of subtypes of maltreatment increased, there was an incremental increase in risk of victimization. Future efforts are needed to prioritize child maltreatment prevention, trauma-informed approaches, mental health awareness, and training in law enforcement.
Characteristics of Daily E-Cigarette Use and Acquisition Means Among a National Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Merianos Ashley L. , Jandarov Roman A. , Klein Jonathan D. , Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To examine the relationship between several e-cigarette-related characteristics and daily e-cigarette use among adolescent current users.

Design:

Secondary analysis of 2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey data.

Setting:

United States middle schools and high schools.

Sample:

One thousand five hundred seventy-nine current e-cigarette users.

Measures:

Daily e-cigarette use and e-cigarette flavors, brands, device type, and acquisition were measured.

Analysis:

Logistic regression and Poisson regression models were built.

Results:

A total of 13.6% of current users reported daily use. Results indicated that daily users were at increased odds of using all flavor types (all P < .001), with the exception of menthol/mint, and using a higher number of flavors than nondaily users ( P < .001). Daily users were more likely to use Blu, eGo, Logic, Halo, NJOY, and another unlisted brand but less likely to report they did not know the brand used (all P ≤ .01). Daily users also reported using a higher number of brands than nondaily users ( P < .001). Daily users were at increased odds of using marijuana/tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oil wax as device ingredients ( P < .001) and less likely to use only nicotine ( P < .001) or unknown ingredients ( P = .004). Daily users were more likely to acquire e-cigarettes from a vape shop, gas station/convenience store, Internet, mall/shopping center kiosk, drug store, grocery store, or other place (all P ≤ .01).

Conclusion:

Comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction among adolescents.
Integrated production planning and condition-based maintenance considering uncertain demand and random failures
Authors: Wang Lin , Lu Zhiqiang , Ren Yifei
Published: June 2019

This article proposes a proactive approach for the integrated problem of production planning and condition-based maintenance under uncertain environment, that is, the exogenous uncertainty of demand and the endogenous uncertainty of failure. Considering that the production system has limited capacity and suffers degradation with usage, an integration model of production planning and condition-based maintenance policy is proposed, in which the maintenance threshold and production quantity are proactively decided simultaneously. The robust and stable solution of the complicated non-linear model is obtained by a simulation-based multi-population genetic algorithm. Numerical results not only show the impacts of different factors on the model, but also prove the superiority of the developed model and algorithm in uncertain environment.