bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Distance Water Transport of Land Plants Using the Thermodynamic Sorption Principle
Authors: Hahn Karlheinz
Published: March 2019

In the case of vascular plants the process of water loss by leafs and water absorption by the root is well known. There is agreement on the passive nature of long-distance moisture movement in the dead cells of the xylem; however, controversy exists focusing on the long-distance water transport principle. Hales (1726) founded a view of bulk flow based on water suction after experiments with cut twigs. The previous doctrine of long-distance water transport within vessel elements and tracheid of the xylem of intact plants – the relevant cohesion theory in text books – was developed mainly by Boehm (1893), Renner (1911) and Dixon (1914) with plant artefacts.  Water movement according to this theory is based on an assumed hydrodynamic bulk fluid flow in xylem in continuous water columns (free of water vapour space), under tension, according to the law of Poiseuille (see e.g. Dixon 1914). Physically hydrodynamics is part of fluid mechanics, as a result Poiseuille’s law is usually valid only for hydrodynamic bulk flow in ideal capillaries (Sutera & Skalak, 1993). Besides the basic requirement for transport, according to cohesion theory, the existence of ideal capillaries is not compatible with either: “Because vessel elements and tracheid do not stand as ideal capillaries. …” (Bresinsky et al. 2008, translated from German). Unlike ideal capillaries, the walls of vessel elements and tracheid interact with the transported water.  These walls are able to function as a source or as a sink for the transported water because of interaction with the cell walls. With the interaction, vessel elements and tracheid, part of the xylem, can shrink and swell, unlike ideal capillaries. Because the xylem (in woody plants part of the wood) is inconsistent with the basic law of fluid flow, the equation of mass balance (Zimmermann et al. 2004) and cohesion theory are not strictly followed.Many plant physiologists view the cohesion theory as appropriate, however, this theory remains controver­sial, i.e. by Eisenhut (1988), Laschimke (1990) and Hahn (1993). Nultsch (1996) gives doubts referring to the present doctrine of plant water transport. Zimmermann et al. (2004) reject the cohesion theory and conclude: “... that the arguments of the proponents of the Cohesion Theory are completely misleading” (Zimmermann et al. 2004). Hence cohesion theory can be treated as inapplicable and the question arises: how does water transport in fact function?  In the following, it is gone into in more detail.  A sorption hypothesis of actual water transport, based on empirical fact, shall be addressed in this paper.
Could the Maternal Ethnicity to be a Determinant in the Healthcare Cost of Assistance at Birth?
Authors: Triunfo Stefania , LOFOCO FRANCESCA , PETRILLO FRANCESCA , VOLPE MASSIMO , LANZONE ANTONIO
Published: March 2019

Recent policy and service provision recommends a woman-centered approach to maternity care and encourages the development of personalized models of clinical assistance. As ethnicity has been recognized as determinant in the risk calculation of some obstetric complication, our aim was to assess costs for birth assistance according to the maternal ethnicities. In a five-year period (2012-16) all women admitted for delivery at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy were investigated. Economic evaluations were performed by using the ‘diagnosis-related group’ (DRG) approach. Cost analysis was completed by including maternal ethnicity, delivery mode and perinatal complications. A total of 18,093 patients were involved in the analysis. An overall care expense of €42.663.481 was calculated. Caucasian was the main ethnicity (90.7%), leaving the minority groups to 9.3%. Vaginal delivery (VD) was the most common mode of delivery in all ethnic clusters, with a global rate of 59.6%. Not including Asiatic women, increased CS rates were recorded in all minority ethnic groups (Maghreb (51.5%) and Afro-Caribbean (47.8%)). A double incidence of complicated VD was observed in the minority groups, primarily among Afro-Caribbean (69.9%), followed by Asiatic (64.1%), Maghreb (63.2%) and Latin-America (62.7%) patients. By logistic regression, Afro-Caribbean delivering women had a significant increased risk of complicated CS among all subgroups. Minority groups (Afro-Caribbean, in particular) increase the health care cost for birth assistance due to higher incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes.
A Parametric Bayesian Approach in Density Ratio Estimation
Authors: Sadeghkhani Abdolnasser , Peng Yingwei , Lin Devon
Published: March 2019

This paper considers estimating the ratio of two distributions with different parameters and common supports.
We consider a Bayesian approach based on the Log--Huber loss function which is resistant to outliers and useful to find robust M-estimators. We propose two different types of Bayesian density ratio estimators and compare their performance in terms of Bayesian risk function with themselves as well as the usual plug-in density ratio estimators. Some applications such as classification and divergence function estimation are addressed.
The Right of the Contractor To Deviate From The Electronic Sales Contract
Authors: Shawi Ahmed , Ali Raqiya
Published: March 2019

Recently, during the last century, Communication & Information revolution caused an essential dynamic in society, especially in legal issues, This dynamic development of information data through this web, it has an essential effect upon the way of civil treatment, which then called "electronic agreements". The industrial and technological development lad to obvious changes in producing processes either for goods or services and then its distributing methods, through using modern media channels, but this factor has a negative side because there is no legal protection for the contractors. This fact leads to the necessity of publishing certain conditions to protect consumers.
Aligning the Aligners: Comparison of RNA Sequencing Data Alignment and Gene Expression Quantification Tools for Clinical Breast Cancer Research
Authors: Raplee Isaac , Evsikov Alexei , Marín de Evsikova Caralina
Published: March 2019

The rapid expansion of transcriptomics from increased affordability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies generates rocketing amounts of gene expression data across biology and medicine, and notably in cancer research. Concomitantly, many bioinformatics tools were developed to streamline gene expression analysis and quantification. We tested the concordance of NGS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis outcomes between the two predominant programs for reads alignment, HISAT2 and STAR, and the two most popular programs for quantifying gene expression in NGS experiments, edgeR and DESeq2, using RNA-seq data from a series of breast cancer progression specimens, which include histologically confirmed normal, early neoplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma samples microdissected from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tissue blocks. We identified significant differences in aligners’ performance: HISAT2 was prone to misalign reads to retrogene genomic loci, STAR generated more precise alignments, especially for early neoplasia samples. edgeR and DESeq2 produced similar lists of differentially expressed genes in stage comparisons, with edgeR producing more conservative, though shorter, lists of genes. Albeit, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed no skewness in significant GO categories identified among differentially expressed genes by edgeR vs DESeq2. As transcriptome analysis of archived FFPE samples becomes a vanguard of precision medicine, identification and fine-tuning of bioinformatics tools becomes critical for clinical research. Our results indicate that STAR and edgeR are well-suited tools for differential gene expression analysis from FFPE samples.
DEKLARASI BALFOUR : TRAGEDI BAGI BANGSA PALESTINA DALAM PUISI-PUISI ARAB TAHUN 1920-1948
Authors: Hindun Hindun
Published: March 2019

The arrival of Jews in Palestine since 1882 changed the order of life of the Palestinian people. Jews began to buy land from Palestinians with the aim of mastering all Palestinian land in the future. This mastery is carried out to realize the ideals of establishing a Jews country that has been proclaimed by The World Zionist Organization. The achievement of control of Palestinian land became apparent when the Ottoman Government in Palestine was defeated and turned into British hands. In 1917, Britain gave way to the Zionist Organization by signing the Balfour Declaration which gave permission to them to make Palestine a homeland. In three decades, the Zionist Organization succeeded in annexing Palestine and making it a Jewish state called Israel. The establishment of the state of Israel became a tragedy to the Palestinians. Arab poets have resisted since the signing of the Balfour Declaration until the tragedy of Israel's annexation of Palestine with their poems. Literary works, in the theory of adab almuqawamah, were written to arouse the spirit of resistance of a nation against colonialism. Arab poets through their poems warn of the adverse consequences of the Balfour Declaration for Palestine. Their poetry is also to arouse the fighting spirit of the Palestinian people against Israel.
Factor Affecting Corporate Social Responsibility Within Global Reporting Initiatives
Authors: Gunawan Martin
Published: March 2019

Many studies describe the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) that emerged since 2007 as obligation and deduction of earnings and requires listed companies to perform philantrophy as part of legitimacy act. This research conducted to determines the hypothesis factors of CSRD specified to Global Reporting Initiavites (GRI) standards in 2014 and 2015 that implemented framework GRI G4. The qualitative and quantitative findings using regression analysis test, best equation model, classic assumption test for 22 sustainability reporting showed current ratio, debt to equity, size, institutional ownership and age have significant effects. This research show increasing disclosure and the recurring topics of standardized CSRD from among members of GRI group.  
Single-Tier or Dual-Tier Tax Systems: Implication for Petroleum Project Economics in Nigeria
Authors: Echendu Joseph C. , Idowu Adekunle J. , Adejumo Adedapo , Iledare Omowunmi O. , Akinlawon Adeyemi J.
Published: March 2019

In this work we evaluate the effects of the single-tier tax system (STS) at its current rate in comparison to the proposed dual-tier tax system (DTS) in the National Petroleum Fiscal Policy in Nigeria on project economic performance. We also expound on the arguments between two schools of thought (single tax and dual tax proponents) toward understanding the rationale underlying the divergent viewpoints. The methodological approach applies the discounted cash flow modeling framework to evaluate the performances of terrain-based projects using selected metrics, such as internal rate of return, discounted payout, net present value, and government take (GT) under the two tax systems. This approach calibrates the unit technical cost for typical deepwater projects in Nigeria and imposes the current and proposed fiscal terms. Varying cost treatment options and alternative allowables//incentives are investigated in the modeling framework using global best practices.

We conclude that whichever tax system is adopted, it is possible to achieve equivalent economic metrics. However, the DTS presents a better, more flexible option over the STS because one of the split rates—especially the hydrocarbon resource tax—could serve as an instrument to incentivize investment, promote conservation, and expand the resource base through technology innovation more easily without denying the mineral owner an outright revenue through taxation. In a classical case such as Nigeria, in which the national fiscal budget is largely financed using hydrocarbon revenue, the DTS seemingly offers a better option for revenue sharing among the stakeholders—the resource owners and the Federal Government—than the current single upstream tax system. Our discussion in this paper bridges the gap between the divergent viewpoints on the taxation system in Nigeria by proffering a pathway. We suggest that the overall objectives of stakeholders could be achieved using either STS or DTS metrics if the mechanics in designing the fiscal system is better understood. This will lead to progressive application in achieving divergent expectations.
Temperature Effect of the Theobromine’s Electronic and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: ÖZTÜRK KİRAZ Aslı
Published: March 2019

Theobromine exists in cocoa, which has an antioxidant ingredient. It is also affect our nervous system. For this reason, it’s very important to know the properties of the theobromine. Theobromine is an experimentally studied molecule in the health and pharmaceutical fields. However, there are not many studies on theobromine properties in the theoretical field. Here, we show how theobromine electronic and antioxidant properties change with temperature theoretically. The calculations, were done by using Density Functional Theory (DFT), at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. Six different temperature values (263.15 K, 273.15 K, 288.15 K, 298.15 K, 318.15 K, 328.15 K) were taken into account. Our results presented that the electronic structure of the theobromine didn’t change while the antioxidant properties were changed. Theobromine indicated the most antioxidant property at 263.15 K. Therefore, this situation should be taken into consideration in order to benefit more from the antioxidant properties of theobromine in the field of health and pharmaceuticals.
Changes in Umbilical and Cerebral Blood Flow in Pregnancies Diagnosed with Clinical Chorioamnionitis. Is Chorioamnionitis Predictable?
Authors: Okmen Ozkan Berfin , Ekmekci Emre
Published: March 2019

Objective: To evaluate the predictability of clinical chorioamnionitis by Doppler changes in fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries, at hospitalized patients due to preterm premature rupture of membranes.Study Design: Patients who were admitted and hospitalized due to preterm premature rupture of membranes between 24 weeks and 33 weeks and 6 days pregnancies are included in the study. Demographic data of patients, gestational age at referring to hospitalization, fetal presentation at admission, delivery time, delivery indications and total follow-up time until delivery of each case were recorded.Results: A total of 108 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The rate of clinical chorioamnionitis was 5.55% (6/108). There was no significant difference between pregnancies terminated with the diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis and pregnancies terminated with other indications in terms of the maximum systolic velocity at middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery pulsatility indices.Conclusion: Clinical chorioamnionitis is a serious complication and is more common in patients being followed up after preterm premature rupture of membranes. Although it is crucial to be predicted due to neonatal worse prognosis, it cannot be predicted by middle cerebral and umbilical artery Doppler evaluation.
Detection of potentially pathogenic enteric viruses in environmental samples from Kenya using the bag-mediated filtration system
Authors: van Zyl Walda B. , Zhou Nicolette A. , Wolfaardt Marianne , Matsapola Peter N. , Ngwana Fhatuwani B. , Symonds Erin M. , Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. , Shirai Jeffry H. , Kossik Alexandra L. , Beck Nicola K. , Komen Evans , Mwangi Benlick , Nyangao James , Boyle David S. , Borus Peter , Taylor Maureen B. , Scott Meschke J.
Published: March 2019

Enteric virus environmental surveillance via a highly sensitive method is critical, as many enteric viruses have low infectious doses and can persist in the environment for extended periods. This study determined the potential of the novel bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) to recover human enteric viruses and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) from wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters, examined PMMoV use as a fecal contamination indicator in Kenya, and identified potential BMFS process controls. From April 2015 to April 2016, BMFS samples were collected from seven sites in Kenya (n = 59). Enteroviruses and PMMoV were detected in 100% of samples, and human adenovirus, human astrovirus, hepatitis A virus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, sapovirus, and human rotavirus were detected in the majority of samples. The consistent detection of enteroviruses and PMMoV suggests that these viruses could be used as indicators in similarly fecally contaminated sites and BMFS process controls. As contamination of surface water sources remains a global issue, enteric virus environmental surveillance is necessary. This study demonstrates an effective way to sample large volumes of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters for the detection of multiple enteric viruses simultaneously.
Cannabis sativa L. Constituents and Their Role in Neuroinflammation
Authors: Borgonetti Vittoria , Governa Paolo , Montopoli Monica , Biagi Marco
Published: March 2019

The interest in Cannabis sativa L. phytocomplex as a medicinal tool is a recently-emerging topic. Neurodegenerative diseases represent a promising field of application for cannabis and its preparations, as most of this pathologic conditions relies on an inflammatory etiology. Several cannabis constituents display anti-inflammatory effects targeting multiple pathways. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the available literature on C. sativa constituents activities in neuroinflammation is given. On the basis that the anti-inflammatory activity of cannabis is not attributable to only a single constituent, we discuss the possible advantages of administering the whole phytocomplex in order to fully exploit the “entourage effect” in neuroinflammatory-related conditions.
Exploring Art and Craft in Teacher Education Whilst Going Toward a Performative Approach
Authors: Jamouchi Samira
Published: March 2019

Since 1997, I have returned to and revisited textile materials through different types of approaches. As an artist, I have been working with soft sculptures and immersive installations. As an artist-teacher, I sought to (re-)introduced wool felting tradition to teacher students in Norway. As a researcher, I re-turn (Barad, 2014) my approach to wool felting and engage diffractively (ibid.) within teacher education.

I am now still exploiting a performative approach to the subject of arts and craft within teacher education. This approach is conjointly inspired by contemporary visual art form of expressions and by Barad’s performative ontology.

In this text I attempt to convey my working processes as I relate how I started to engage with a performative approach to drawing in the field of arts and craft in teacher education, and how I now aim to enact further a performative approach to wool felting. This approach is inspired by post-humanism perspectives. Consequently, traditional binaries or dichotomies one can find in assumptions related to the humanities, as subject-object and theory-practice (van der Tuin and Dolphijn, 2010), are here deterritorialized to be simultaneously and differently reterriorialized (Deleuze and Guattari,1980). My approach goes thus beyond the theory-practice division to hold an intra-active pedagogy (Lenz Taguchi, 2010) and an ethico-onto-epistemological framework (Barad, 2007). This implies a set of mind considering an intimated relationship between making, being and knowing: all those aspects are present under a creative process, not isolated and nor independent of the process. Adopting a performative approach with my students, I do not necessarily privilege a linear approach and I do not necessarily privilege human agency above non-human entities. Following an ethico-onto-epistemological framework means here to merge the phenomenon of felting (beings) and its written study and analysis (ways of knowing).
“Mad I’m mad!”
Authors: Hill Cher
Published: March 2019

This paper explores a common tension for parents and teachers working with young children – the tantrum. Building on practitioner-inquiry methodologies, I engaged in a living inquiry into my practices as a parent, with the initial goal of reducing or preferably eliminating my son’s angry outbursts. Frustrated with approaches informed by theories often applied within early learning contexts to address tantrums, including behavioural, attachment and self-regulation, I turned to new materiality theories, which provide a novel approach in understanding the socio-material constitution of subjectivities, emotions, and relationships. Within this assemblage, tantrums were reconfigured as a doing of emotions, occurring in the spaces in/between bodies, rather than an individual act of defiance. Through this inquiry, I shifted from a position of trying to intervene from the outside to eliminate, control or manage my son’s tantrums to a place of ‘intra-acting from within’ and journeying with. My parental inquiry became a site to continuously work and rework everyday life and participate in the creative practice of world making. Although the tantrums, which we came to know as Mad I’m mad, continued, the connection among and between my son and I shifted, often in positive and enduring ways. I came to understand parental inquiry as a practice of ‘wayfaring,’ where the focus is on the journey rather than the destination. These stories may ‘trace a path’ for other parents and educators as they participate within their own affective and embodied entanglements, creating new possibilities for teaching and learning relationships.
Social Media Challenges to Peace-making and What Can Be Done About Them
Authors: Majcin Juraj
Published: March 2019

Social media has changed the way how wars are fought, organised and ended. During peace negotiations, social media can serve as confidence-building platforms but also as a tool used to prolong the conflict by spreading disinformation and propaganda. Therefore, for a conflict to come to its end, it is necessary that the parties to peace negotiations refrain not only from physical hostilities but also from any forms of information warfare. Pursuing the objective of national reconciliation, modern peace agreements should contain rules on the regulation of social media content that may disrupt the peace. Special commissions should be established to review the content on social media and take adequate steps when a specific post, video or image spreads bellicose narrative or hate speech. We can imagine a whole range of measures that can be adopted by such commission ranging from labelling the content on its own social media channels as potentially dangerous to peace up to a removal request addressed to a concerned social media platform. Such mechanisms should be based on full respect for human rights in general and the right to freedom of opinion and expression in particular. Without such regulations, the goal of sustainable peace and successful national reconciliation seems almost unrealistic given the ever-increasing power of social media.
Global Environmental Governance Reform: The Emerging Debate on the Need for a World Environment Organisation
Authors: Nyekwere Empire Hechime
Published: March 2019

Environmental problems, such as climate change, ocean pollution, the depletion of fisheries, and loss of biological diversity, have come to demonstrate most openly our current global interconnectedness. Governments continue to set-up international mechanisms for tackling global-scale environmental problems which has led to a complex international bureaucracy, significant burdens on national administrative capabilities in both the developed and the developing world, and, most importantly, inability on the part of existing international or national bodies to successfully deal with the problems at hand. In this context, the question of the most suitable governance architecture for the scale and scope of contemporary global environmental problems has become an important focus of both policy and academic debates. Scholars and politicians alike have argued that if we do not address governance failures, our stewardship of the environment will persist to be ineffective and inequitable, with little possibility of finding a pathway toward sustainability. Consequently, national governments, civil society groups, and experts on global environment policy have called for the reform of the global environmental governance structure. This paper reviews the most prominent policy options for environmental governance reform that have received attention in the literature, and identifies key points of contention and convergence. To achieve its aim, the paper is divided as follows: introduction, core issues of debate on the need for a World Environment Organization, models of global environmental governance reform, arguments against a World Environment Organization and the concluding remark.
Legitimacy Issues in Investor-Treaty Arbitration and How a Permanent Court May Be the Best Solution
Authors: Pirbhai Hasanali
Published: March 2019

Investor-treaty dispute settlement is used by States and investors to resolve disagreements that investors may have with regard to their investment in the host state. Disputes are usually resolved through arbitration, and the process has all the trappings of general commercial arbitration. However, there have been calls for the system to be replaced by a permanent court structure. If a permanent court is the next step, this must mean that the current system has legitimacy issues which may be resolved by a permanent structure.This article explores three problems with the current system: inconsistent decisions, lack of appeals, and lack of transparency. These are serious issues which affect the legitimacy of the current system. The discussion focuses primarily on the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) system as this is the most common choice, and some mention is made of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) system. Throughout the article, I analyse the problems associated with these and how a permanent court may address these legitimacy issues. My argument is that a permanent court can weed out inconsistent decisions, have a fair and real appeals structure, and be sufficiently transparent as to as to allow or facilitate interested groups to act as amicus curiae. The discussion makes reference to the draft Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) because, through this, the European Union (EU) has proposed a potential permanent court structure.
Specific Direction: An Unspecific Threshold
Authors: Sharma Dhruv
Published: March 2019

Aiding and abetting has been recognised as a form of individual criminal responsibility since the 1940’s when the first international tribunals were created. The form of responsibility had a relatively simplistic history of application until it faced an unprecedented upheaval through the introduction of the threshold of specific direction in the Perišić appeals judgment. The judgment has since been rejected by the Special Court of Sierra Leone (SCSL) in the Charles Taylor judgment and by the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in Sainović, Popović and Stanišić and Simatović judgment. The present paper focuses on the relevance of the standard of specific direction before the International Criminal Court (ICC). It argues that the standard is unjustifiable under international criminal law as, firstly, no convictions or acquittals have been affected on the standard and, secondly and more importantly, the text of the Rome Statute has rejected the standard. The standard of specific direction has not legal pedigree under customary law, is contrary to the text of the Rome Statute and counter-intuitive to the objectives of the ICC as it unreasonably increases evidentiary requirements at the Court and consequently makes the fight against impunity, an already challenging task, even more difficult.
Program “Lansia Sabar” Berbasis Reminiscence dan Art Therapy untuk Meningkatkan Self-Compassion pada Lanjut Usia di Panti Wredha
Authors: Kistyanti Ni Made Rai , Retnowati Sofia
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This research aimed to study the effect of reminiscence and art therapy in ‘Lansia Sabar’ Program for the enhancement of self-compassion in Elderly in the Nursing Home. This research used single case design method. The measurement of self-compassion was done by using self-compassion daily checklist that based on components of self-compassion by Neff. Data was analyzed by visual inspection using the graphic that will show the participants’ changes between the phases. The changes that will be analyzed are change of mean, stability level, and trend. Analysis will be supported by interview and observation data as well. The result of analysis shown 2 out of 3 participants had and an increasing mean of self-compassion in intervention phase. The other participant had a little decreasing mean of self-compassion in intervention phase. Overall, although there was a different result in one of the participants, the trend shown the positive response during the intervention phase.  Keywords: “lansia sabar” program; self-compassion; elderly
Pengaruh Anchoring dalam Penilaian Kinerja: Sebuah Studi Eksperimen Kuasi dengan Variabel Tergantung Penilaian Adaptive Performance
Authors: Sukmananti Irmalia Nur , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of anchoring on the performance appraisal score in aspect adaptive performance. The hypothesis in this study was to examine whether there are differences in adaptive performance score. High anchoring group has a higher adaptive performance score compared with low anchoring group. The method that used on this study was quasi experiment with posttest-only design with two treatment groups. Participants involved in this research were 117  with age range from 22 to 49 years old that classified into high anchoring group (n = 70) and low anchoring group (n = 47). Questionnaire to examine the knowledge of the task was used to conduct a manipulation check of anchoring. Independent-Samples T Test explained no significant effect of anchoring on adaptive performance score (t = -0,100; p > 0,05). Keyword: adaptive performance; anchoring; performance; performance appraisal
Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics
Authors: Eyler Rachel F. , Shvets Kristina
Published: March 2019

Antimicrobial pharmacology and its effect on prescribing is quite complex. Selecting an antibiotic that will optimally treat an infection while minimizing adverse effects and the development of resistance is only the first step, as one must also consider the patient’s individual pharmacokinetic alterations and the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug when prescribing it as well. Patients with CKD may have alterations in their protein binding, volumes of distribution, kidney clearance, and nonrenal clearance that necessitates antibiotic dose adjustments to prevent the development of toxicity. Knowledge of a drug’s pharmacodynamics, defined as the relationship between drug exposure and antibacterial efficacy, provides some guidance regarding the optimal way to make dose adjustments. Different pharmacodynamic goals, such as maximizing the time that free (unbound) drug concentrations spend above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for time dependent drugs (e.g., β-lactams) or maximizing the free peak-to-MIC ratio for concentration-dependent antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides), require different adjustment strategies; for instance, decreasing the dose while maintaining normal dosing frequency or giving normal (or even larger) doses less frequently, respectively. Patients receiving hemodialysis have other important prescribing considerations as well. The nephrologist or patient may prefer to receive antibiotics that can be administered intravenously toward the end of a dialysis session. Additionally, newer dialysis technologies and filters can increase drug removal more than originally reported. This review will discuss the place in therapy, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and other pharmacologic considerations encountered when prescribing commonly used antibiotics in patients with chronic kidney disease or ESKD.
Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market: Case Study from Malaysia
Authors: Khong Yeen Lai, , Tang Kin Leong, , Ling Tee Peck
Published: March 2019

This study investigate the relationship between macroeconomic variables and FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI, the samples are divided into 2 groups such as foreign macroeconomic variables and local macroeconomic variables, foreign macroeconomic variables consist of Gold Bullion LBM price and Dow Jones Index, meanwhile local macroeconomic variables consist of Consumer Price Index, Base Lending Rate, Exchange Rate. This study employs data from Jan 2000 to Dec 2013 which contains a monthly data set of 168 observations. There are 3 methodologies used in this study to investigate the relationship, the first test is Unit Root test which used to test the stationary of each variable, the results indicate that all the variables are stationary in first difference, this is important to use stationary variables because if the variables are not stationary, it might lead to spurious regression. The second methodology is Johansen & Juselius Co-integration test to investigate the long run relationship among these variables, the results show that the foreign macroeconomic variables and local macroeconomic variables have long run relationship with KLCI and significant. Next, this study will investigate the short run relationship between macroeconomic variables and KLCI, the results indicate that Gold, BLR and CPI can granger cause KLCI and significant at 1%, 5% significance level respectively.
Avatares de los textos en la época de la reproductibilidad digital. (Ensayo para una historia de las textualidades)
Authors: Mendoza Juan José
Published: March 2019

Ensayo que propone una reflexión sobre determinado estado de los estudios literarios, particularmente en su relación con la transformación de los textos en la era digital. En este contexto de encrucijada, se reflexiona acerca de las posibilidades de una “historia literaria” como coartada para la teoría y la crítica literaria contemporánea, movilizada por las transformaciones de los textos –el estudio de las fuentes, su historicidad– y, al mismo tiempo, por la aparición de nuevos objetos de estudio. A partir de la interrogación sobre los sentidos de la teoría en tiempos posteriores a la época literaria, también dedica una reflexión especial en torno a una nueva “historia de las textualidades”.
“Un metalibro sólo para bibliófilos (y bibliómanos)”. The Book. A Cover-to-Cover Exploration of the Most Powerful Object of Our Time
Authors: Íñigo Silva Andrés
Published: March 2019

Reseña de:The Book. A Cover-to-Cover Exploration of the Most Powerful Object of Our Time. Keith Houston. Nueva York; Londres: W. W. Norton & Company, 2016, xviii + 428 pp. ISBN: 978-0-393-24479-3.
Advertencia editorial
Authors: Chapa Bezanilla María de los Ángeles , Godinas Laurette , Vieyra Sánchez Lilia
Published: March 2019

Presentación de la portada y banner de este número de Bibliographica.
La “verdadera ciencia política” de José Joaquín Pesado en el periódico La Cruz
Authors: Fernández Fernández Íñigo
Published: March 2019

Este artículo revisa las 11 entregas que, bajo el título de “Observaciones sobre la verdadera ciencia política”, José Joaquín Pesado publicó en el periódico católico La Cruz en 1858. Es un conjunto de documentos poco estudiados que muestran la visión de un periodista católico y conservador en torno a lo que entendía por ciencia política, los aspectos que debía cumplir y las formas en las que habría de aplicarse en México. Se destaca el análisis de los preceptos más importantes en la línea discursiva utilizada por Pesado, así como los argumentos que esgrime para facilitar su comprensión entre los lectores, y que se sintetizan en cuatro ideas: el orden como condición necesaria para que México pudiera constituirse en una nación; la sociedad considerada una necesidad natural del hombre, al tiempo que sobrenatural; la imposibilidad de la existencia de un Estado y una legislación separados de un marco referencial religioso; el reconocimiento de la república como única forma viable de gobierno para México.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction with Trust-In-Leader as Intervening Variable
Authors: Muslichah Muslichah , Asrori Sobikhul
Published: March 2019

This research was aimed to analyze direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction. The population of research included all employees at the Local Secretariat Office of Pasuruan Indonesia, which was counted for 170 persons. A questionnaire was distributed to this population, and 151 questionnaires were returned, which thus resulting in a response rate of 88.82%. Data analysis procedure is path analysis facilitated by a PLS computer software. Results indicated that: 1) There is a direct, positive and significant effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction; 2) There is a direct, positive, and significant effect of transformational leadership style on trust-in-leader; 3) There is a direct, positive, and significant effect of trust-in-leader on job satisfaction; 4) Trust-in-leader mediates the effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction. Given all these findings, this research not only has a good implication on practice but also to the  literature concerning the effect of both transformational leadership style and trust-in-leader on job satisfaction. It is also expected that this research provides information that can be used as guidance by the Local Secretariat Office in Pasuruan City Indonesia when it decides to improve employee’s job satisfaction.
Gambaran citra tubuh pada wanita dewasa awal yang mengalami obesitas
Authors: Fernando Muhammad Luthfi
Published: March 2019

Abstrak. Citra tubuh adalah ide seseorang mengenai penampilannya dihadapan orang lain. Umumnya wanita memiliki perhatian lebih dalam menjaga penampilanya. Obesitas adalah suatu masalah yang ditakuti wanita dan dapat berdampak pada masalah psikologis dan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui gambaran citra tubuh pada wanita dewasa awal yang mengalami obesitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif studikasus dengan pada satu orang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner yang mengukur gambaran citra tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek memiliki kebiasaan pola makan berlebihan dan kurang gerak tubuh sehingga memiliki dampak seperti gangguan psikososial: rasa rendah dan menarik diri, gangguan kesehatan: mudah  lelah/mengantuk dan kesulitan keseimbangan. Adapun citra tubuhnya secara keseluruhan mengangggap fisik tidak menarik, kesulitan menyesuaikan diri, namun tidak melakukan usaha konsisten mengevaluasi penampilan sehingga disarankan melakukan konsultasi kesehatan dan psikologis. Kata Kunci: Citra tubuh, Wanita Dewasa Awal, Obesitas Abstract. Body image is someone's idea about his appearance before other people. Generally women have more attention in maintaining their appearance. Obesity is a problem that women fear and can have an impact on psychological and health problems. The purpose of this study is to describe body image in early adult women who are obese. The research method used was a qualitative approach to casestudy with one person. Methods of collecting data using observations, interviews, and questionnaires that measure the picture of body image. The results showed subjects had a habit of overeating and lacking gestures so that they had an impact such as psychosocial disorders: feeling of inferiority and withdrawal, health problems: fatigue/ sleepiness and balance difficulties. The overall body image is physically unattractive, difficulty adjusting, but does not make a consistent effort to evaluate appearance so it is advisable to conduct health and psychological consultations. Keywords: Body image, Early Adult Woman, Obesity
validitas konstruk alat ukur kesalehan sosial
Authors: Istiqomah Istiqomah
Published: March 2019

Alat  ukur  kesalehan sosial adalah  alat ukur yang terdiri dari 41  item  dengan tujuh dimensi yang diukur yaitu  (a) solidaritas sosial (al-takaful al-ijtima’i), (b) toleransi (al-tasamuh), (c) mutualitas/kerjasama (al-ta’awun), (d) tengah-tengah (al-I’tidal), dan (e) stabilitas (al-tsabat) (f) menolong dan (g) kejujuran. Tujuan dari pengembangan alat ukur ini adalah untuk mengembangkan alat ukur kesalehan sosial, menguji  validitas dan reliabilitas alat ukur  kesalehan sosial dan mendeskripsikan  tingkat kesalehan sosial karyawan. Subjek penelitian adalah karyawan pada beberapa perusahaan dan karyawan pada instansi pemerintah.  Hasil analisis data menunjukkan dari 41 item yang dikembangkan terdapat  14 item yang gugur dan 27 item yang valid dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,797.
Eksplorasi dan pengembangan skala qana'ah dengan pendekatan spiritual indigenous
Authors: Ahya Awaludin
Published: March 2019

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi konstrak Qana’ah berbasis spiritual indigenous. Open Ended Questionaire dalam penelitian ini digunakan untuk menemukan beberapa faktor pembentuk dari konstrak Qana’ah. Sebanyak 259 responden mengisi Open Ended Questionaire dan menemukan beberapa aspek pembentuk Qana’ah, termasuk menerima apa adanya dan selalu bersyukur, sabar dan berserah serta selalu berusaha. Dari aspek yang ditemukan, tahap berikutnya adalah mengembangkan instrumen menggunakan model Likert 5-pilihan. Kemudian, uji coba skala dilakukan dengan 150 responden. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini menemukan 3 aspek Qana’ah melalui analisis faktor eksploratori, yakni aspek Menerima apa adanya dan Bersyukur, aspek Sabar dan Berserah, serta aspek Selalu Berusaha.Kata kunci:  Analisis Faktor Eksplorasi, Skala Qana’ah, Spiritual Indigenous. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to explore the factor of Qana’ah using Spirituals Indigenous approach. The Open Ended Questionnaire in this study was used to find the forming factors and dimension of Qana’ah. A total of 259 respondents filled the Open Ended Questionnaire and found several aspects of the formation of  Qana’ah, including accepting what they are and always grateful, Be Patient and Surrender, and always tried. From the aspect found, the next stage was developing instrument using a 5-choice Likert model. Then, the trial test was conducted with 150 respondents. The final results of this study found 3 aspect of Qana’ah through exploratory factor analysis, namely aspects of Accepting what is and Gratitude, aspects of Patience and Surrender, and aspects of Always Trying. Keywords: Exploration Factor Analysis, Qana’ah Scale, Spiritual Indigenous.
Avoidance coping, contingent self-esteem dan belanja kompulsif
Authors: Djudiyah Djudiyah
Published: March 2019

Abstrak. Membanjirnya iklan produk fashion di berbagai media dan mudahnya mendapatkan produk pakaian, membuat keputusan berbelanja anak-anak muda lebih didasarkan pada aspek emosi. Keputusan berbelanja seringkali dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan gengsi atau penghargaan dari orang lain dapat mendorong mereka melakukan belanja kompulsif.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran avoidance coping dalam memediasi hubungan antara contingent self-esteem dengan belanja kompulsif pakaian. Subjek   penelitian ini berjumlah 276 mahasiswi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Angkatan 2018 yang diambil dengan teknik stratified sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah: skala Contingent Self-esteem (CSE), skala Coping Respon Inventoty (CRI)  dan skala  belanja kompulsif pakaian.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode  Mediation Analysis dari Hyes menunjukkan  bahwa avoidance coping mampu memediasi hubungan antara contingent self-esteem dengan belanja kompulsif yang ditunjukkan dengan B=0.322; dengan p=0.006 (<0.01).Kata Kunci: avoidance coping, contingent self-esteem, belanja kompulsif Abstract. The flood of advertisements on fashion products in various media and the ease of getting clothing products, makes the decision to shop for young people more based on emotional aspects. Shopping decisions are often meant to get prestige or appreciation from others, which can encourage them to do compulsive shopping. This study aims to determine the role of avoidance coping in mediating the relationship between contingent self-esteem and compulsive shopping for clothing. The subject of this study amounted to 276 female students at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Force 2018 taken by stratified sampling technique. The measures used were: Contingent Self-esteem (CSE) scale, Inventory Response Coping scale (CRI) and clothing compulsive shopping scale. Data analysis was performed by the Mediation Analysis method from Hyes showed that avoidance coping was able to mediate the relationship between contingent self-esteem and compulsive spending as indicated by B=0.322; with p=0.006 (<0.01). Keywords: avoidance coping, contingent self-esteem, compulsive shopping
Cover Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil Vol. 10, No.2. Agustus 2012
Authors: Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil Cover
Published: March 2019

Cover Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil Vol. 10, No.2. Agustus 2012
KORELASI ANTARA VARIASI PEMADATAN TERHADAP NILAI STABILITAS MARSHALL PADA LASBUTAG CAMPURAN PANAS
Authors: Alamsyah Alik Ansyori
Published: March 2019

Alik Ansyori AlamsyahJurusan Teknik Sipil – Fakultas TeknikUniversitas Muhammadiyah MalangAlamat Korespondensi : Jl. Raya Tlogomas, No.246 MalangEmail: alik.syah@yahoo.comABSTRACTAsbuton is one type of natural asphalt from Buton island. How to use existing asbuton diverseas Lasbutag (Buton Asphalt Layers Beragregat) cold mix or ACAS (Aggregate Cold Abuton Sheet),or hot mix Asbuton Ahaz (Aggregate Asbuton Hot Sheet), a hot mixture of non-aggregate AsbutonNahas (Non Aggregate Asbuton Hot Sheet ) and non-aggregate mixture to cool Asbuton NACAS(Non aggregate cold Asbuton Sheet).LASBUTAG marshall stability value in the hot mixture showed no variation of the initial valuebefore the collision modifier of 244.772 kg at 3.6%: 50%, while the modifier 3.6%: 216.733 75% invalue, where the stability is eligible for the low traffic . To be used for medium and heavy traffic, thecollision is carried out at 49.5 and 224.6. In the hot mixture LASBUTAG modifier composition3.6%: 75%, the collision is carried out for 105 and traffic is heavy at 395. VIM on both compositionsare still relatively large and showed a decrease with increasing stability in LASBUTAG hot mixture.VMA qualified on both the composition of the modifier, above 16%. Flow on LASBUTAG hotmixture showed a trend to decline with the collision. From the test results and analysis show thatthe compaction of different variations affect the stability of the marshal.Keywords: Lasbutag, Variations Compaction, Mixed Heat