bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of highly quaternized N,N,N-trimethylchitosan: a chemoselective methodology in aqueous media
Authors: Soubaneh Youssouf D. , Ouellet Steeven , Dion Caroline , Gagnon Jonathan
Published: March 2019

N,N,N-Trimethylchitosan (TMC) represents a rare example of cationic polysaccharides and numerous studies have shown its potential in biological and biomedical applications. TMC with high degrees of quaternization (DQ) were synthesized from N-methylation of N,N-dimethylchitosan (DMC), which was obtained by reductive alkylation of high molecular weight chitosan in a simple step process and in good yields. The effects of base and solvents were evaluated on the quaternization reaction. The N-methylation of DMC was performed selectively by CH3I and carbonate in water where quaternization was achieved quantitatively with a low degree of O-methylation (17 %). Moreover, the greener procedure allows easy recovery and purification by conventional filtration as a carbonate salt, in which the anion can be exchanged by an acid-base reaction. Quantification of DQ involving 1H NMR integration of methyl peaks must be performed on protonated TMC. High field NMR spectra of TMC showed two specific chemical shifts for anomeric peaks (5.0 and 5.4 ppm) that can also be used for the determination of DQ. This latter method avoids the superimposition problems with other pyranosyl peaks.
Novel terpolymers containing carbazole, coumarin and Alq3 complexes
Authors: Bogdal Dariusz , Galica Mateusz
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the synthesis of terpolymers bearing carbazole, coumarin and 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety as pendant groups with content of coumarin and 8-hydroxyquinoline between 0.5 and 4 mol% was elaborated. Then the terpolymers underwent complexation reactions with aluminum bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)isopropoxylate (Alq2ispr) to form polymeric hybrid materials with aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) as side groups. The presence of carbazole, coumarin (MK) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (QM) as well as Alq3 in the terpolymers was confirmed by NMR, UV, photoluminescence, and size exclusion chromatography. The results indicates that these hybrid polymers have moderate molecular weights and solubility in common organic solvents. For photoluminescence spectra, an evidence for energy transfer from carbazole to coumarin and Alq3 groups was observed and highest relative fluorescence intensity was exhibited by solutions of the terpolymers containing the lowest content of MK, QM and Alq3.
Creep and dynamic mechanical behavior of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol reinforced with cotton fiber laminate composites
Authors: Jain Naman , Ali Shubhan , Singh Vinay K. , Singh Komal , Bisht Nitesh , Chauhan Sakshi
Published: March 2019

The objective of this investigation was to fabricate cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based laminate composites reinforced with biaxial cotton sheets. Cross-linking was done with sulfuric acid, to overcome the water solubility of PVA. A water uptake test was performed to evaluate the effect of cross-linking on the water absorption properties of the composites. Morphology, distribution and bonding between the matrix and reinforcement of the fabricated composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties such as the tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity and elongation of the fabricated composites material were evaluated. There was about a 56.25% increase in the TS of the cross-linked composite as compared to the neat PVA, and at 64 wt.% of cotton fiber, there was about a 56% increase in the TS as compared to the cross-linked PVA. The thermal degradation analysis of fabricated composites material was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability increased with increase in cotton fiber wt.%. The viscoelastic properties of the fabricated composites material were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. The effects of stress (4 MPa, 6 MPa and 8 MPa) and temperature (20°C and 40°C) on creep and recovery behavior of the laminated composites were studied.
Nitric oxide-releasing molecules at the interface of inorganic chemistry and biology: a concise overview
Authors: Mir Jan Mohammad , Malik Bashir Ahmad , Maurya Ram Charitra
Published: March 2019

The useful aspects of nitric oxide (NO) are nowadays widely known. Due to the need for this molecule in the maintenance of homeostasis, NO-releasing compounds are tested every year to optimize its levels in a patient suffering from low NO production. This manuscript is an update of some important historical concerns about nitrosyl complexes having the ability to act as NO-releasing compounds under the influence of different chemically modified environments. At present, the search for efficient and less harmful NO-releasing molecules at desirable targets and concentrations has gained considerable momentum in nitrosyl chemistry. Iron, ruthenium, and manganese nitrosyls have been investigated elitely to disentangle their electronic transition (excitation) under visible light to act as NO donors without harming the healthy cells of a target. There is much evidence supporting the increase of NO lability if amino acids are used as complexing ligands, the design of a reduction center close to an NO grouping, and the development of porphyrin system-based nitrosyl complexes. From the overall survey, it may be concluded that the desirable properties of such scaffolds need to be evaluated further to complement the biological milieu.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction as autonomy predictive tools for stroke patients
Authors: Pego-Pérez Emilio Rubén , Fernández-Rodríguez Isaac , Pumar-Cebreiro José Manuel
Published: March 2019

Whereas mortality from ischemic stroke is decreasing in all age groups, the prevalence of stroke continues to increase. Its increasing incidence in the younger population adds to the large number of survivors who will live many years with their disabilities related to stroke. Thus, the objectives of this study are to determine the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) as adequate prognostic functionality tools for stroke patients and to analyze the relation between stroke and rehabilitation. This study involved a systematic review. We obtained articles found on Google Scholar and MEDLINE and published from January 2008 to May 2018. The functionality of the patient after a stroke is associated with the likelihood of a hospital readmission, which should be taken into account during the diagnosis. Patients with poor functionality at discharge are also more likely to need long-term care and intensive rehabilitation plans. The severity of the initial stroke is a primary determinant of the clinical outcome. The NIHSS, mRS, and mTICI appear to be predictive tools of the functionality of the patient with ischemic stroke, especially in the acute phase. Rehabilitation demonstrates better results in reducing disability and greater participation of affected people.
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute low back pain: systematic review
Authors: Binny Justine , Joshua Wong Ngar Lok , Garga Shirali , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Maher Chris G. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Traeger Adrian C. , Machado Gustavo C. , Shaheed Christina Abdel
Published: March 2019

Background and aims

There has been no comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute low back pain (LBP). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of TENS for acute LBP.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO (inception to May 2018) for randomised placebo controlled trials. The primary outcome measure was pain relief in the immediate term (within 2-weeks of administration) assessed using the 100 mm visual analogue scale. A mean difference of at least 10 points on the 100-point pain scale was considered clinically significant. Methodological quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and overall quality assessment rating was assessed using GRADE.

Results

Three placebo controlled studies (n = 192) were included. One low quality trial (n = 63) provides low quality evidence that ~30 min treatment with TENS in an emergency-care setting provides clinically worthwhile pain relief for moderate to severe acute LBP in the immediate term compared with sham TENS [Mean Difference (MD) – 28.0 (95% CI – 32.7, −23.3)]. Two other studies which administered a course of TENS over 4–5 weeks, in more usual settings provide inconclusive evidence; MD −2.75 (95% CI −11.63, 6.13). There was limited data on adverse events or long term follow-up.

Conclusions

The current evidence is insufficient to support or dismiss the use of TENS for acute LBP.

Implications

There is insufficient evidence to guide the use of TENS for acute LBP. There is low quality evidence of moderate improvements in pain with a short course of TENS (~30 min) during emergency transport of patients to the hospital. Future research should evaluate whether TENS has an opioid sparing role in the management of acute LBP.
Topografiemessung an verkapselten mikroelektromechanischen Systemen mittels Kurzkohärenz-Interferometrie
Authors: Krauter Johann , Stark Jonas , Osten Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

Mikroelektromechanische Systeme (MEMS) werden heute in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen eingesetzt. Zur Herstellung von MEMS werden üblicherweise fotolithografische Verfahren eingesetzt. Insbesondere bei sicherheitsrelevanten MEMS, wie z. B. Airbag- oder ESP-Sensoren, ist eine 100 % Inspektion erforderlich. Nach einer optischen Inspektion der MEMS-Strukturen werden diese durch das Bonden eines Silizium-Kappenwafers geschützt. Dieses Bonding oder das anschließende Packaging kann zu einer zusätzlichen Spannung im Waferstapel führen, die die MEMS-Funktion negativ beeinflussen kann. Im Falle eines fehlgeschlagenen elektronischen Tests kann das Problem nicht lokalisiert werden, da der Kappenwafer für die gängigen optischen Oberflächensensoren undurchsichtig ist. In dieser Publikation wird die Herausforderung der optischen Topografiemessung von verkapselten MEMS-Strukturen diskutiert. Dabei werden Defekte wie Verbiegung oder Festklemmen einzelner MEMS-Finger betrachtet. Für diese Messaufgabe wird ein kurzkohärentes Interferenzmikroskop implementiert. Die Wellenlänge liegt im Short-Wave Infrarot (SWIR), da Silizium im Infraroten transparent wird. Die interferometrische Oberflächenmessung der MEMS-Strukturen wird durch den Kappenwafer stark beeinflusst. Hierfür wurden Simulationen durchgeführt, die die systematischen Messabweichungen aufgrund der Kappe zeigen. Eine Möglichkeit zur Korrektur und Reduzierung der systematischen Abweichungen wird ebenfalls beschrieben.
Three-Soliton Interaction and Soliton Turbulence in Superthermal Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Ali Rustam , Chatterjee Prasanta
Published: March 2019

Propagation and interaction of three solitons are studied within the framework of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The KdV equation is derived from an unmagnetised, collision-less dusty plasma containing cold inertial ions, stationary dusts with negative charge, and non-inertial kappa-distributed electrons, using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT). Adopting Hirota’s bilinear method, the three-soliton solution of the KdV equation is obtained and, as an elementary act of soliton turbulence, a study on the soliton interaction is presented. The concavity of the resulting pulse is studied at the strongest interaction point of three solitons. At the time of soliton interaction, the first- and second-order moments as well as the skewness and kurtosis of the wave field are calculated. The skewness and kurtosis decrease as a result of soliton interaction, whereas the first- and second-order moments remain invariant. Also, it is observed that the spectral index κ and the unperturbed dust-to-ion ratio μ have great influence on the skewness and kurtosis of the wave field.
Photometrical Determination of the State-of-Charge in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Part I: In Combination with Potentiometric Titration
Authors: Geiser Jan , Natter Harald , Hempelmann Rolf , Morgenstern Bernd , Hegetschweiler Kaspar
Published: March 2019

The stepwise oxidation of vanadium ions in electrolytes, as used in all vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), is studied offline by a combination of potentiometric titration and simultaneous UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. Eight different total vanadium concentrations between 0.2 mol L−1 and 1.6 mol L−1 have been investigated. The analyte (titrand, V2+ solution) is the anolyte (V2+/V3+ side) of a fully charged laboratory vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Absorption maxima are observed at λ = 850 nm for V2+ and at λ = 400 nm for V3+, the corresponding absorption coefficients are determined. In the former case an extrapolation procedure is necessary because during transfer from the VRFB to the titration cell, oxidation to V3+ by ambient oxygen cannot completely be avoided. Based on the knowledge of the absorption coefficients, via simultaneous photometry of V2+ and V3+, the state-of-charge of the anolyte of a VRFB can be determined. In the catholyte (V4+/V5+ side) of a VRFB the formation of an intermediate mixed valence VIV–VV complex at large vanadium concentration prevents a simple photometric SOC determination.
Does the preference for investment in local firms rise in turbulent times? Evidence from the portfolio of Joseph Frisch, private banker (1923–55)
Authors: Lehmann-Hasemeyer Sibylle , Neumayer Andreas
Published: March 2019

Using a unique historical source, we show that the bias towards local investments can – to a large extent – be explained by overall economic circumstances, the general performance of the market and the level of activity of the investor. We examine portfolio choices Stuttgart private banker Joseph Frisch made throughout his life and find that the preference for local shares was highest in times of insecurity, low returns and reduced investment activity. With higher returns, a stable and growing economy and more experience, the preference for local shares decreased.
«Moderne Vertriebswege»
Authors: Knake Sebastian
Published: March 2019

Research on performance-related compensations of financial advisors has recently become a promising field within economics and sociology, because it can help explain portfolio choices of retail customers. However, the expansion of this field to historical contexts has so far been prevented by the lack of knowledge about the historical development of these schemes. The following article aims to fill this void by exploring the spread of performance-related compensation schemes among banks and insurance companies in West Germany in the 1970s and 1980s. It is argued that this spread has been closely linked to a reform of the Federal Government system of savings subsidies in 1970. This reform led to a fierce competition between insurance companies and banks for wealth formation savings payments (vermögenswirksame Leistungen). In this article, it is argued that the characteristics of this particular state-subsidized market led to a significant advantage of financial institutions that used performance-related compensation schemes over those who did not. Thus, the latter institutions had to adopt these schemes to stay competitive. In the 1980s, banks as well as insurance companies expanded the application of compensation schemes that were originally designed for the market of wealth formation savings payments to other markets for financial products and services. Thus, the principles of competition on wealth formation savings payments were adopted to the general market for household savings.
Shrinkage Behavior of Cementitious Mortars Mixed with Seawater
Authors: Khatibmasjedi Morteza , Ramanthan Sivakumar , Suraneni Prannoy , Nanni Antonio
Published: March 2019

The shrinkage behavior of cementitious materials mixed with seawater is investigated. Cement mortar mixtures were prepared with two water-to-cementitious materials ratios (w/cm = 0.36 and 0.45), two binder compositions (namely, ordinary portland cement (OPC) and OPC with 20 % fly ash replacement), and two types of water (tap water and seawater). The autogenous and drying shrinkage behavior of these mixtures are examined using ASTM standard test methods for 65 days. The use of seawater as mixing water increased the autogenous shrinkage. At w/cm 0.36, the ultimate autogenous shrinkage increased from 213 μs in the mixture with tap water to 387 μs in the mixture with seawater; the corresponding values were 149 and 314 μs, respectively, for mixtures with w/cm 0.45. An acceleration of the cement hydration at early ages caused by the seawater is identified as the cause of the increase in autogenous shrinkage in mixtures with seawater. At w/cm 0.36, seawater did not have a strong effect on the drying shrinkage, and tested mixtures had ultimate drying shrinkage values between 543 and 663 μs. At w/cm 0.45, in mixtures without fly ash, ultimate drying shrinkage increased from 838 μs in the mixture with tap water to 1,027 μs in the mixture with seawater. In mixtures with fly ash, the ultimate drying shrinkage increased from 738 μs in the mixture with tap water to 1,370 μs in the mixture with seawater. The drastic increase in the drying shrinkage in mixtures containing fly ash and seawater at w/cm 0.45 seems to be due to changes in mass loss behavior and the development of a finer pore size distribution. In applications where drying shrinkage may be a concern, the use of fly ash in seawater-mixed concrete could be problematic and lead to increased cracking risk. While the trends observed here will also hold in concrete, quantifying drying shrinkage and cracking of concrete based on the drying shrinkage of mortar mixtures is complex and depends on many other factors.
Life-Cycle Cost and Life-Cycle Assessment Analysis at the Design Stage of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Concrete Bridge in Florida
Authors: Cadenazzi Thomas , Dotelli Giovanni , Rossini Marco , Nolan Steven , Nanni Antonio
Published: March 2019

To support and promote the deployment of innovative technologies in infrastructure, it is fundamental to quantify their implications in terms of both economic and environmental impacts. Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strands are validated corrosion-resistant solutions for Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Prestressed Concrete (PC) structures. Studies on the performance of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement in seawater and salt-contaminated concrete have been conducted and show that the technology is a viable solution. Nevertheless, the economic and environmental implications of FRP-RC/PC deployment have not been fully investigated. This article deals with the Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyses of an FRP-RC/PC bridge in Florida. The bridge is designed to be entirely reinforced with FRP bars and strands and does not include any Carbon Steel (CS) reinforcement. Furthermore, the deployment of seawater concrete in some of the elements of the bridge is considered. LCC and LCA analyses are performed at the design stage. Data regarding equipment, labor rates, consumables, fuel consumption, and disposal were collected during the construction phase, and the analysis was refined accordingly. The FRP-RC/PC bridge design is compared with a traditional CS-RC/PC alternative. Salient differences are discussed to determine the least-impactful solution from both an economic and environmental perspective.
Comparison of Surface Treatments for Secondarily Bonded Joints of Marine Grade Composites
Authors: Tomlinson Scott M. , Lopez-Anido Roberto A.
Published: March 2019

Secondarily bonded joints will be required for large, >50 m, modularly constructed composite hull vessels, as opposed to the primary single infusion currently used in smaller hulls. The objective of this study is to characterize the experimental response of and provide documentation for the use of E-glass fiber and epoxy resin composite secondarily bonded joints fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding and surface treatment methods common in modular marine construction. Primary single infusion benchmark joints are compared to secondarily bonded joints using four surface treatments: polyamide release-treated peel ply fabric, polyester peel ply fabric, isopropyl alcohol cleaning agent, and acetone cleaning agent. The experimental methods used to compare the surface treatment methods consist of two measuring apparent strength, single lap shear, and cleavage peel experimentation, and one measuring Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, using the double cantilever beam experimental method. The investigation results concerning the surface treatments indicate the use of polyester peel ply over polyamide peel ply and isopropyl alcohol over acetone as a surface cleaning agent. The investigation concerning the experimentation methods indicates the acceptable use of a single-sided lap shear to determine statistically significant variations between surface treatments. Single primary infusion joints showed less variation and higher characteristic values than secondarily bonded joints.
Multisensory Neurons in the Primate Amygdala
Authors: Morrow Jeremiah , Mosher Clayton , Gothard Katalin
Published: March 2019

Animals identify, interpret, and respond to complex, natural signals that are often multisensory. The ability to integrate signals across sensory modalities depends on the convergence of sensory inputs at the level of single neurons. Neurons in the amygdala are expected to be multisensory because they respond to complex, natural stimuli, and the amygdala receives inputs from multiple sensory areas. We recorded activity from the amygdala of 2 male monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in response to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. Although the stimuli were devoid of inherent emotional or social significance and were not paired with rewards or punishments, the majority of neurons that responded to these stimuli were multisensory. Selectivity for sensory modality was stronger and emerged earlier than selectivity for individual items within a sensory modality. Modality and item selectivity were expressed via three main spike-train metrics: (1) response magnitude, (2) response polarity, and (3) response duration. None of these metrics were unique to a particular sensory modality; rather, each neuron responded with distinct combinations of spike-train metrics to discriminate sensory modalities and items within a modality. The relative proportion of multisensory neurons was similar across the nuclei of the amygdala. The convergence of inputs of multiple sensory modalities at the level of single neurons in the amygdala rests at the foundation for multisensory integration. The integration of visual, auditory, and tactile inputs in the amygdala may serve social communication by binding together social signals carried by facial expressions, vocalizations, and social grooming.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur brain continuously decodes information detected by multiple sensory systems. The emotional and social significance of the incoming signals is likely extracted by the amygdala, which receives input from all sensory domains. Here we show that a large portion of neurons in the amygdala respond to stimuli from two or more sensory modalities. The convergence of visual, tactile, and auditory signals at the level of individual neurons in the amygdala establishes a foundation for multisensory integration within this structure. The ability to integrate signals across sensory modalities is critical for social communication and other high-level cognitive functions.
Raščlamba prijedložno-padežnih izraza u udžbenicima inojezičnoga hrvatskoga
Authors: Baričević Sanja , Bašić Marijana
Published: March 2019

Ciljevi nastave materinskoga i inoga jezika određeni su funkcionalno-komunikacijskim načelima i podrazumijevaju rad na tekstu. Na početnim razinama ovladavanja hrvatskim kao inim jezikom biraju se kraći i jednostavniji tekstovi, s jednostavnijim jezičnim strukturama, prototipnim riječima, u čijem se poučavanju poštuje načelo prototipnosti, čestotnosti i postupnosti, primjereni polaznicima određenih programa. U radu se raščlanjuju najzastupljeniji prijedlozi te značenjska zastupljenost prijedloga i prijedložno-padežnih izraza u tekstovnom dijelu udžbenika na početnoj razini ovladavanja hrvatskim kao inim jezikom te se na primjeru njihove raščlambe pokušava utvrditi u kojoj se mjeri poštuju navedena načela.
Hrvatski otoci u odgojno-obrazovnom sustavu Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Magaš Kata
Published: March 2019

Članak donosi analizu suvremene hrvatske otočne škole u složenoj društeveno-gospodarskoj stvarnosti posttranzicijskog doba. Analiziraju se zakonske pretpostavke za preobrazbu odgojno-obrazovnog sustava i realnost specifične demografske, gospodarske, infrastrukturne i obrazovne situacije na otocima.Strateški dokumenti koji su temelj za razvoj hrvatskih otoka, Nacionalni program razvitka otoka (1997) i Zakon o otocima (1999), znače institucionalizaciju državne brige o otocima u cilju provedbe načela održivog razvoja otoka radi postizanja društvene stabilnosti i gospodarskog rasta. Jedan od temeljnih preduvjeta je poboljšanje odgojno-obrazovnog rada. Zakonske pretpostavke koje to omogućuju ugrađene su u Zakon o odgoju i obrazovanju u osnovnoj i srednjoj školi (2008), u Državne pedagoške standarde osnovnoškolskog i srednjoškolskog sustava odgoja i obrazovanja (2008) te Nacionalni okvirni kurikulum (2010). Otoci su specifična životna sredina, s malim brojem učenika, poteškoćama u osiguravanju učiteljskog/nastavnog kadra, poteškoćama u prijevozu učenika, s nedostatnom opremom škola i školskog okoliša, te je uobičajena kategorizacija hrvatskih škola na osnovne i područne, s mogućnošću otvaranja područnih odjela, za otoke nadopunjena kategorijom „osnovna škola s otežanim uvjetima rada“. Tridesetak najsiromašnijih, udaljenih i malih otoka više nema uvjete za rad osnovnih, a često niti područnih škola. Ako još postoje, imaju vrlo malo učenika i kombinirane razredne odjele. U porastu je broj napuštenih osnovnih škola, a srednje škole nalaze se samo na devet najnapučenijih hrvatskih otoka. U CARNet-ov pilot projekt e-škole uključene su po četiri osnovne i srednje škole s hrvatskih otoka.
Tijek pedagoške godine u Waldorfskim dječjim vrtićima
Authors: Valjan Vukić Violeta , Berket Jelena
Published: March 2019

Waldorfska pedagogija jedinstvena je u odgoju i obrazovanju, utemeljena od strane Rudolfa Steinera. Glavni je cilj ove pedagogije težnja za usklađivanjem djetetova „duhovnog i zemaljskog dijela“, pružajući mu veću slobodu u odgoju. Dijete oblikuje svoja znanja aktivnim istraživanjem, metodom stjecanja vlastita iskustva i oponašanjem odraslih. Tijek pedagoške godine u waldorfskom vrtiću, temelji se na ritmu povezanom s izmjenom godišnjih doba (jesenski, zimski, proljetni i ljetni ciklus), izmjenom vremena u danu i izmjenom dana u tjednu. Ritmičnost godišnjih doba isprepletena je s proslavom pojedinih kršćanskih svetkovina. Ritmičnost tjedna temelji se na izmjeni prehrane i umjetničkih aktivnosti, dok ritmičnost dana polazi od uravnotežene izmjene vođenih i slobodnih aktivnosti. Vođene aktivnosti (udah) osmišljava odgajatelj dok slobodne (izdah) izabire samo dijete prema svojim interesima.
Francisco y los movimientos populares: un encuentro para pensar el cambio social
Authors: Pumacaya Carbajal John Carlos
Published: March 2019

La corazonada social en torno a la elección de un papa latinoamericano, Francisco, se ha ido materializando no solo en las comunicaciones tradicionales de un pontífice, sino también en el encuentro con hombres y mujeres de distintos lugares y creencias cuyo punto común es la lucha social por otro mundo. Este encuentro traza una ruta eclesial y epistémica que implica la revisión crítica de los principios vitales del cristianismo y de los marcos analíticos de la realidad social. El artículo se inscribe en la perspectiva de iniciar un diálogo con las fuerzas populares que buscan defender la vida.
TSD: A Computational Tool To Study the Complex Structural Variants Using PacBio Targeted Sequencing Data
Authors: Meng Guofeng , Tan Ying , Fan Yue , Wang Yan , Yang Guang , Fanning Gregory , Qiu Yang
Published: March 2019

PacBio sequencing is a powerful approach to study DNA or RNA sequences in a longer scope. It is especially useful in exploring the complex structural variants generated by random integration or multiple rearrangement of endogenous or exogenous sequences. Here, we present a tool, TSD, for complex structural variant discovery using PacBio targeted sequencing data. It allows researchers to identify and visualize the genomic structures of targeted sequences by unlimited splitting, alignment and assembly of long PacBio reads. Application to the sequencing data derived from an HBV integrated human cell line(PLC/PRF/5) indicated that TSD could recover the full profile of HBV integration events, especially for the regions with the complex human-HBV genome integrations and multiple HBV rearrangements. Compared to other long read analysis tools, TSD showed a better performance for detecting complex genomic structural variants. TSD is publicly available at: https://github.com/menggf/tsd.
An Analysis of the Reform Practice of Weak Schools in Britain: The “Excellence in Cities” Program
Authors: Li Min , Zhou Longjun
Published: March 2019

“Excellence in Cities” is an educational reform initiative proposed by the British government at the turn of the century that focused on the needs for talent development in the 21st century. The entire program, from pilot to promotion, achieved remarkable results in just three years and was widely watched. This paper reviews the background, implementation process and initiatives of this program, and analyzes the achievements of the program in improving students' academic achievements and learning attitudes, and in improving school social relations. The paper then uses insights from the success of the UK program to recommend key components of such a reform for China.
Static and dynamic vector semantics for lambda calculus models of natural language
Authors: Sadrzadeh Mehrnoosh , Muskens Reinhard
Published: March 2019

Vector models of language are based on the contextual aspects of language, the distributions of words and how they co-occur in text. Truth conditional models focus on the logical aspects of language, compositional properties of words and how they compose to form sentences. In the truth conditional approach, the denotation of a sentence determines its truth conditions, which can be taken to be a truth value, a set of possible worlds, a context change potential, or similar. In the vector models, the degree of co-occurrence of words in context determines how similar the meanings of words are. In this paper, we put these two models together and develop a vector semantics for language based on the simply typed lambda calculus models of natural language. We provide two types of vector semantics: a static one that uses techniques familiar from the truth conditional tradition and a dynamic one based on a form of dynamic interpretation inspired by Heim’s context change potentials. We show how the dynamic model can be applied to entailment between a corpus and a sentence and provide examples.
Graded hyponymy for compositional distributional semantics
Authors: Bankova Dea , Coecke Bob , Lewis Martha , Marsden Dan
Published: March 2019

The categorical compositional distributional model of natural language provides a conceptually motivated procedure to compute the meaning of a sentence, given its grammatical structure and the meanings of its words. This approach has outperformed other models in mainstream empirical language processing tasks, but lacks an effective model of lexical entailment. We address this shortcoming by exploiting the freedom in our abstract categorical framework to change our choice of semantic model. This allows us to describe hyponymy as a graded order on meanings, using models of partial information used in quantum computation. Quantum logic embeds in this graded order.
Combining logical and distributional methods in type-logical grammars
Authors: Moot Richard
Published: March 2019

We propose a low-level way of combining distributional and logical ideas into a single formal system. This will be an instantiation of a more general system, adding weights to proof rules. These weights will not measure some sort of "confidence the proof is valid", but rather act as a way to prefer some proofs over others, where preference can mean "easier to process (for humans)" or "more coherent (combining words that make sense together)". The resulting system of weighted theorem proving can be implemented either as a best-first proof search strategy or as a polynomial-time approximation of proof search for NP-complete parsing problems.
A 2015-ben és 2016-ban vastag- és végbélműtéten átesett daganatos betegek adatainak vizsgálata matematikai-statisztikai modellel
Authors: Benedek Zsófia
Published: March 2019

Abstract:

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the data of the open and laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgeries countrywide in an administrative database of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary in 2015–2016. Aim: Hungarian surgical data of colorectal cancer from 2015–2016 were analyzed based on the following objectives: diagnosis of care, complications and co-morbidities; age; sex and medical institutions. Method: We used crosstabs and partial least squares path modeling to analyze the relations between data groups. Results of three LVPLS models (group of open, laparoscopic interventions and the whole population of the survey) were compared. Results: From the 4941 analyzed operative cases, 4562 were open and 379 laparoscopic. Based on the three LVPLS models, we found nexus between complication groups and co-morbidity groups and progressivity of medical institutions in laparoscopic operations. As far as complications, in the laparoscopic model bleeding and anaemia, in cases of total population and open operations septic complications played dominant role. Conclusions: Laparoscopic resections in patients with multiple co-morbidities are carried out in medical institutions with high professional progressivity most frequently. In cases of laparoscopic colorectal operations, the higher the progressivity of an institution, the lower the complication rate was. Differences in the results in the models may be due to patient selection, and further research should be carried out in this regard. Anaemia and bleeding are dominant complication factors in the laparoscopic model, which are influenced by patient selection besides the differenced in surgical technique. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(11): 426–434.
Examining the need for culturally responsive digital learning
Authors: Vail Heather
Published: March 2019

This article addresses the pedagogy and practice of tertiary learning, and in particular it asks, how is there a need for culturally responsive digital learning? Research shows how, worldwide, classroom content is being delivered through shifting, digitally-infused curriculum (van Dijck, 2013; Netsafe, 2016; Orr, 2016; Revere & Kovach, 2011). The focus of this article is to examine ways in which online, participatory structures work to engage all learners. In New Zealand tertiary contexts, there is an increasing number of culturally diverse student cohorts (particularly due to international education marketing and strategies [Ministry of Education, 2017]). I consider how common spaces in the digital platforms available for educational purposes can be seen to embody a common culture. Research informing this article comes from two studies I have undertaken. The first is a practical inquiry of the use of online spaces in the ‘global classroom’ (a term defined in this case as the world wide web of information, and also an institution’ s role to educate within a multinational, multicultural population). The second is a qualitative look into how educators discovered effective learning practices, for international students in particular, based upon a study that included educator interviews at one tertiary institute. Merging data from both studies indicated that incorporating digital learning through the now-familiar online spaces requires more dynamic, culturally responsive pedagogy. This research aims to provide some improved insight for all educators looking to answer this posed question.
Enterprise culture and managers’ motivation in a textile industry
Authors: Vasconcelos César Ricardo Maia de , Dourado Cristiano Júlio Moreira
Published: March 2019

This article aims at analyzing the organizational culture in a major textile industry from Brazil and tends to study the way through which this structure can become a motivational tool for the decision makers. From a qualitative research, this investigation is characterized as a case study, whose data were collected through interviews composed of predefined questions and which were applied in writing and in an articulated way. The technique used in the interview was that of focus group, and the collected data were analyzed through text transcription, voice recording and the establishment of an analytical matrix. The results showed the existence of an integrated and shared organizational culture, besides being a motivational tool relevant to the actions of the decision makers’ intermediate managers.Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la cultura organizacional en una importante industria textil de Brasil y tiende a estudiar la forma en que esta estructura puede convertirse en una herramienta de motivación para los que toman las decisiones. A partir de una investigación cualitativa, esta investigación se caracteriza por ser un estudio de caso, cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas compuestas de preguntas predefinidas y que fueron aplicadas por escrito y de manera articulada. La técnica utilizada en la entrevista fue la del grupo de enfoque, y los datos recopilados se analizaron a través de la transcripción de texto, grabación de voz y el establecimiento de una matriz analítica. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de una cultura organizacional integrada y compartida, además de ser una herramienta motivacional relevante para las acciones de los gerentes intermedios de los tomadores de decisiones.Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a cultura organizacional em uma importante indústria têxtil do Brasil e tende a estudar a maneira pela qual essa estrutura pode se tornar uma ferramenta motivacional para os tomadores de decisão. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, esta pesquisa é caracterizada como um estudo de caso, cujos dados foram coletados através de entrevistas compostas por questões pré-definidas e que foram aplicadas por escrito e de forma articulada. A técnica utilizada na entrevista foi a do grupo focal, e os dados coletados foram analisados através de transcrição de texto, gravação de voz e o estabelecimento de uma matriz analítica. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma cultura organizacional integrada e compartilhada, além de ser uma ferramenta motivacional relevante para as ações dos gerentes intermediários dos decisões.
Phenomenology of Religion and Sense of the Infinite
Authors: Samarina Tatyana
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the role of F. Schleiermacher in the design of the project of the religion phenomenology. Schleiermacher's philosophical theory is a complex fusion of Lutheran theology, modern philosophy and the movement of romanticism. His thinking reflected the borderline situation in the intellectual life of the XVIII– XIX centuries. It resultedin creation of a new image of religion, responded to the spirit of the times. Schleiermacher opposes the deistic teachings, showing that religion is an integral part of human life; it is not rooted in the rational conception of God the creator, but in the inner feeling. Even before the development of phenomenologists, he pointed out that inner feeling is at the heart of religion: by eliminating any moral and rational aspects of religion, Schleiermacher laid the foundation for the well-known numinous R. Otto equation. Schleiermacher's attitude to both the dogmatic and the ritual side of religion was extremely negative, since personal religiosity does not need an external church, in fact a person who has infinitely grasped stands outside the church rituals, because he is the legislator of his own inner religion of feeling. Schleiermacher is one of the first theorists of religious pluralism who formed the most important position of the future science of religion: the comparison of religions is possible, since the religion of feeling common for all mankind made it permissible to search for a single basis of religion and build a large system of religious phenomena united by common principles and implied or actually existing center. According to Schleiermacher, religious experience can also be described in the language of art, since religious experience and aesthetic experience are similar in their basis. Only an experience of the feeling of the infinite can give a person a taste of the religious, and this idea is likely to have the key thought of empathy to the religion phenomenology. Separately, some clauses of Schleiermacher's theory, which were not developed in the writings of religion phenomenologists, are examined in the article.
Justice and Revolution in K. Marx’s Social Philosophy
Authors: Karchagin Evgeny
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the relationship between the terms "justice" and "revolution" by K. Marx. According to some researchers, there is no the idea of justice in K. Marx's writings. The article proves that in the origins of creativity, as well as in Marx's early biography, there is an indication of his connection with the issue of justice. Marx writes about justice only in "Poverty of Philosophy" and "Capital". All the main quotations from the Karl Marx's writings, where the term "justice" is mentioned, are given and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that if justice is understood as an idea related to the distribution of social benefits, as a justification of a sociocultural order, then it becomes obvious that a discourse on justice is present in Marx's works.Although Karl Marx spoke negatively about the very idea of justice, in his philosophy revolution is nothing but a transition from the capitalist order to the communist one, that is, a necessary means of real justice. K. Marx's communism implicitly represents an "ideal" expression of justice. It is based on the Marxist concept of the true nature of man and his needs, that is, a definite picture of what should be - what isman and what, therefore, society must be if it wants to correspond to this true nature of man. At the same time, the most important modern socio-political term "inclusion" does not make much sense in a Marxist perspective. Class conflict involves class antagonism and cannot be considered in the category of inclusion. Thus, revolution as a way to achieve true justice represents, in terms of Ranciere, genuinely political action.
Objective and Subjective in Social Danger of Crime
Authors: Lobanova Lyubov , Rozhnov Alexey
Published: March 2019

Social danger as a sign of crime was traditionally included in its definition in the Soviet criminal laws and is also mentioned in Part 1 of Article 14 of the current version of Criminal Code. However, with considerable attention to legal science, paid to the knowledge of this phenomenon, the social danger is not a fully studied phenomenon. Thus, the dialectic of the relation between the objective and the subjective in the social danger did not receive a uniform resolution. Social danger is the characteristic of human behavior, assessed by other people through their perceptions of the dangerous and useful, and it leaves its mark when applying the categories of objective and subjective. Being a subjective reality according to the source of its origin (man) and the product of human consciousness, social danger, however, exists objectively - in supra-individual forms and connections that form a society in the system. Hence the social danger is a special kind of objectively subjective phenomenon. The objectivity of public danger is also indicated by the fact that it is the subject of the cognitive activity of the legislator and can exist outside the legal field, without prohibiting the corresponding type of behavior in the law. The subjective properties are growing in social danger through the knowledge of the public danger of an act by the subjects united by the collective notion "legislator". Moreover, subjectivity increases as a result of mistakes made by the legislator,it's a kind of lawmaking "negligence". Acts reflected in criminal law are not always socially harmful from the point of view of the whole society. There are also prohibitions that protect purely class and group interests, which also expand the scope of the subjective in the analyzed phenomenon. The Law initially arose to protect people from themselves, as a condition of their reproduction. At the same time, even with the human development, this mission of the law still exists, and there is always a certain proportion of "eternal crimes" in the law, which is prohibited to commit in order to protect fundamental human values (life, health, sexual freedom and integrity, property). However, in the criminal law of any society there is a so-called "variable part", where prohibitions declare certain actions to be socially dangerous only at a certain stage of the state's historical development. The combination of "eternal" and "variable" crimes in criminal law also indicates the objectively subjective nature of the phenomenon of public danger.
Influence of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on left ventricular-arterial interaction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Myasoedova E. I. , Schwarz Yu. G. , Polunina O. S. , Voronina L. P.
Published: March 2019

Aim. To assess the influence of concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the parameters of left ventricular-arterial interaction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP).

Material and methods. We examined 130 patients with ICMP and 42 patients with ICMP and COPD. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography using the MyLab 70 (Italy) according standard method, followed by calculation of the left ventricular-arterial interaction and left ventricular (LV) energy. Statistical data processing was performed using the program “Statistica 12.0” (Stat Soft, Inc., USA).

Results. We found that patients with isolated ICMP and in combination with COPD often have a functional imbalance between the activity of LV and arterial system, as evidenced by an increase in the left ventricular-arterial interaction ratio. The increase in the left ventricular-arterial interaction ratio is due to an insufficient increase in left ventricular stiffness, but not a change in the elastic properties of the arterial system. This is indicated by a pronounced decrease in left ventricular elasticity against the background of the relative constancy of arterial elasticity. At the same time, in patients with ICMP and COPD we detected significantly more severe impairment in the parameters of left ventricular-arterial interaction and LV energy than in isolated pathology.

Conclusion. The presence of COPD in patients with ICMP allows us to consider it as a significant negatively modifying factor that has a negative impact on the functionality of LV and parameters of left ventricular-arterial interaction.