bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O cenzurowaniu i poprawianiu Aleksandra Fredry w XIX wieku. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Ursel Marian
Published: June 2020

In the article O cenzurowaniu i poprawianiu Aleksandra Fredry w XIX wieku. Zarys prob-lematyki, a reflection was made on the numerous censorship interventions in the texts of the author of Zemsta (The Vengeance). In order for Fredro’s comedies to be played on stage and possibly later printed in Congress Poland in the nineteenth century, they had to endure and pass censorship carried out by the partitioning authorities. Often it was a multi-stage and multinational censorship, resulting not only from political but also from moral reasons. A separate phenomenon discussed in the article is self-censorship, which Fredro used, among others, in his obscene works, considering the com-ments made by family and friends.
La represión de la protesta estudiantil durante el franquismo (1936-1976)
Authors: González Calleja Eduardo
Published: June 2020

El artículo trata de aplicar el modelo elaborado por Charles Tilly para explicar las diferentes estrategias del Estado frente a las acciones de protesta a un caso particular: el trato dispensado por la dictadura franquista al movimiento estudiantil a lo largo de su trayectoria. Para ello se acotan las diversas etapas históricas del régimen, en las que se fueron combinando en diverso grado las prácticas de represión (centradas en el incremento de los costes de la movilización), de facilitamiento (oferta parcial y ocasional de incentivos positivos) y de tolerancia hacia las acciones colectivas de protesta de este particular grupo socioprofesional.
Protección universal del derecho a la igualdad
Authors: Lousada Arochena José Fernando
Published: June 2020

Resumen. El derecho a la igualdad de los seres humanos y la prohibición de discrimina­ción reconocidos en los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos exigen mecanis­mos efectivos de tutela. El estudio analiza los organismos y los procedimientos instaurados a nivel universal bajo el mandato genérico de Naciones Unidas y en el Sistema de Tratados. En particular, el estudio se detiene en el procedimiento de denuncias individuales en la Con­vención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer (1979), la Convención sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación racial (1965), y la Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad (2006). Finalmente, se anali­za la eficacia interna de los dictámenes del Comité sobre la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer.
Responsabilidad pública en materia de violencia de género (Especial referencia a las hijas e hijos de madres maltratadas)
Authors: Peral López María del Carmen
Published: June 2020

Resumen. Las mujeres víctimas de violencia de género y sus hijas e hijos sufren una doble victimización, al haber vivido en un ambiente de violencia permanente dirigida en principio hacia sus madres, pudiendo llegar a ser triple cuando son testigos de este tipo de agresividad, que llega incluso a causarles la muerte. Tras el cese de la convivencia de la pareja no dejan de sufrir, en muchos casos, empiezan un régimen de visitas con el padre biológico, situación que los expone a un nuevo tipo de riesgo hacia ellos o a la madre a través de ellas y ellos. Este tipo de violencia es la llamada violencia vicaria. Tras las reformas normativas de 2015, se siguen otorgando regímenes de visitas, estancias y comunicaciones a progenitores que infringen malos tratos a la madre y no han aumentado prácticamente las medidas de protección a los menores en estos supuestos tras casi cuatro años trascurridos desde la entrada en vigor de dichas reformas. Es cierto que la solución está en la preparación especializada, pero, mientras la deseada formación de los operadores jurídicos deja huella, hay que aplicar medidas de protección a los menores y dar un paso más tomando conciencia del daño que se está cometiendo, asumir la responsabilidad que le corresponde al Estado y articular medidas indemnizatorias al igual que en su día se hizo con las víctimas del terrorismo. Sorprendentemente, ni Ley Orgánica 1/2004, ni las legislaciones autonómicas han incluido definiciones de la violencia institucional, que conlleva la obligación de reparación del daño por parte del Estado y su traducción en indemnizaciones para las víctimas.Palabras clave: violencia, género, institucional, responsabilidad, menores.
Crónica de la jurisprudencia del tribunal constitucional sobre igualdad (año 2019)
Authors: Ron Latas Ricardo Pedro
Published: June 2020

Resumen. Este estudio aborda el análisis de las sentencias dictadas en aplicación del principio de igualdad y no discriminación por el Tribunal Constitucional el año 2019. El estu­dio se centra en el estudio de las sentencias más relevantes en este terreno que ha producido el Tribunal Constitucional en el año 2019.
O jogo pedagógico “brincando com a probabilidade” para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Ailton Paulo de , Barbosa Nilceia Datori
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as tarefas elaboradas para um jogo pedagógico relacionadas ao conceito de espaço amostral segundo a Teoria Antropológica do Didático (TAD). Tomando como referência a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC, proposta curricular brasileira no que diz respeito aos conteúdos e habilidades a serem trabalhados na unidade temática “Estatística e Probabilidade” para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, elaboramos cartas Perguntas (?) para o jogo, que são tarefas baseadas em situações problemas cujo objetivo é favorecer a apreensão do conhecimento probabilístico. Mostrou-se a possibilidade de desenvolver um trabalho pedagógico baseado em jogos e resolução de problemas que envolva conteúdos probabilísticos, criando um recurso que favoreça o repensar sobre os métodos estratégicos, redimensionando-os a fim de minimizar o hiato existente entre as atividades lúdicas cotidianas realizadas pelos alunos, espontaneamente, e o trabalho desencadeado em sala de aula.
O Saresp e questões de estatística para o nono ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Fontana Edmeire Aparecida , Oliveira Júnior Ailton Paulo de
Published: June 2020

A pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar se questões orientadas para o nono ano do Ensino Fundamental do Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo – Saresp, abordam conteúdos estatísticos utilizando a resolução de problemas segundo o documento americano “Diretrizes para Avaliação e Instrução em Educação Estatística – GAISE”. Para a seleção das questões, houve um recorte temporal definido, pois estão disponibilizadas online nos relatórios pedagógicos de 2008 a 2018. Para a apresentação e análise das questões: descrevemos o tipo do raciocínio utilizado; analisamos segundo a resolução de problemas e a variabilidade partindo do documento GAISE; e finalmente sugerimos novas questões. Os resultados indicam que apesar de ser expresso nos relatórios pedagógicos anuais do Saresp que há a utilização da resolução de problemas na elaboração das questões não foram elaboradas considerando os princípios teóricos do documento GAISE.
Perspectivas éticas en el manejo de la pandemia COVID-19 y de su impacto en la salud mental
Authors: Alarcón-Guzmán Renato D.
Published: June 2020

En tanto que componente fundamental del quehacer médico a lo largo de la historia, la Ética es aún más prominente en situaciones de emergencia en salud pública. Luego de exponer los principios éticos esenciales y de enfatizar su valor en el cuidado médico de todo ser humano, se plantea la inevitable tensión que su aplicación genera en los diversos contextos de la relación médico-paciente. Se presta especial atención a las distinciones de la perspectiva ética en casos individuales y en el ámbito colectivo o de salud pública, particularmente en el curso de emergencias masivas como la desencadenada por COVID-19. A la luz de recientes documentos nacionales e internacionales, se discute el inevitable advenimiento de nuevas normas que deberán incluir aspectos socio-culturales, psicobiológicos y legales poseedores de un impacto clínico altamente significativo.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Its Adverse Association with Adolescent Fracture Care Compliance
Authors: Meza Blake C. , Iacone Dina , Talwar Divya , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Shah Apurva S.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Socioeconomic deprivation increases fracture incidence in adolescents, but its impact on fracture care is unknown. The area deprivation index (ADI), which incorporates 17 factors from the U.S. Census, measures socioeconomic deprivation in neighborhoods. This investigation aimed to determine the impact of socioeconomic deprivation and other socioeconomic factors on fracture care compliance in adolescents.

Methods:

This study included patients who were 11 to 18 years of age and received fracture care at a single urban children’s hospital system between 2015 and 2017. Demographic information (sex, race, caregiver status, insurance type) and clinical information (mechanism of injury, type of treatment) were obtained. The ADI, which has a mean score of 100 points and a standard deviation of 20 points, was used to quantify socioeconomic deprivation for each patient’s neighborhood. The outcome variables related to compliance included the quantity of no-show visits at the orthopaedic clinic and delays in follow-up care of >1 week. Risk factors for suboptimal compliance were evaluated by bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

The cohort included 457 adolescents; 75.9% of the patients were male, and the median age was 16.1 years. The median ADI was 101.5 points (interquartile range, 86.3 to 114.9 points). Bivariate analyses demonstrated that higher ADI, black race, single-parent caregiver status, Medicaid insurance, non-sports mechanisms of injury, and surgical management are associated with suboptimal fracture care compliance. Adolescents from the most socially deprived regions were significantly more likely to have delays in care (33.8% compared with 20.1%; p = 0.037) and miss scheduled orthopaedic visits (29.9% compared with 7.1%; p < 0.001) compared with adolescents from the least deprived regions. ADI, Medicaid insurance, and initial presentation to the emergency department were independent predictors of suboptimal care compliance, when controlling for other variables.

Conclusions:

Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of suboptimal fracture care compliance in adolescents. Clinicians can utilize caregiver and insurance status to better understand the likelihood of fracture care compliance. These findings highlight the importance of understanding differences in each family’s ability to adhere to the recommended follow-up and of implementing measures to enhance compliance.
Management Options and Outcomes for Patients with Femoral Fractures with Post-Polio Syndrome of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Garceau Simon P. , Igbokwe Emmanuel N. , Warschawski Yaniv , Neufeld Michael E. , Safir Oleg A. , Wade John P. , Guy Pierre , Wolfstadt Jesse I.
Published: June 2020

» Post-polio syndrome is characterized by a late functional deterioration (usually after ≥15 years from the initial infection) in patients with a history of paralytic poliomyelitis infection, and it is defined by the March of Dimes criteria.

» Patients with post-polio syndrome are at increased risk for falls and associated hip and femoral fractures as a result of lower bone mineral density, decreased lean muscle mass, and musculoskeletal deformities.

» Current evidence suggests that treatment modalities for femoral fractures should emphasize fixation that allows early progressive weight-bearing and ambulation to optimize functional outcomes.

» Good results after hip arthroplasty have been described with both cemented and uncemented implants in patients who have been treated for osteoarthritis, but there has been little evidence guiding hip fracture management. Anatomic challenges that are encountered are osteoporotic bone, a valgus neck-shaft angle, increased femoral anteversion, and a small femoral canal diameter.

» Intramedullary nailing of hip and femoral fractures can be challenging due to the small femoral canal diameter that frequently is encountered. Alternative methods of fixation have shown promising results. These include the use of sliding hip screws for hip fracture management and fixed-angle locking plates for hip and femoral fracture management.
Perioperative Management of Orthopaedic Patients with Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Young Joseph R. , Vignaly Lauren , O’Connor Casey M. , Czajka Cory M. , Rosenbaum Andrew J.
Published: June 2020

» Perioperative management of orthopaedic patients with a hematologic disorder is a complex endeavor that requires a multidisciplinary team-based approach. A team composed of an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, an anesthesiologist, and a hematologist is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. Patients with hemophilia and other complex hematologic disorders should be managed at, or in consultation with a hematologist at, a comprehensive hemophilia center.

» Bleeding disorders and inherited thrombophilia present unique challenges for the perioperative management of orthopaedic surgery. Comprehensive preoperative planning and familiarity with treatment guidelines can help to minimize these risks.

» Knowledge of the disease processes outlined in this article will provide orthopaedic surgeons with the requisite background knowledge that is needed to initiate safe and effective treatment strategies involving this high-risk patient population.
Genetic Variability and Heritability of Green Super Rice (GSR) Lines Resistance to Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV)
Authors: Susanto Untung , Nafisah Nafisah , Rohaeni Wage R. , E. Baehaki S. , Rahman Sarlan Abdul , Ali Jauhar
Published: June 2020

Brown plant hopper (BPH) is one of the main pest of rice in Indonesia and it occurred every years with fluctuate acreage.  BPH is also vector of Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV).  Green Super Rice (GSR) was designed to have resistance to major pests and diseases so that it need less pesticides and thus save ro environment. GSR was developed in IRRI and China and was tested in Indonesia since 2009 until now (2019).  This research was aimed to study the genetic variability and heritability of 26 selected GSR lines to RRSV and RGSV along with four check varieties.  The experiment was conducted in ICRR Sukamandi and Pusakanagara Experimental Station.  The experiment was arranged following randomized complete block design with three replications.  Transplanting was done into 21 days old seedling into 25 cm x 25 cm planting space of 1 m x 1 m plot.  BPH and virus investation was occured narturally due to BPH outbreak along the season (DS 2010).  Percentage of plant showing RRSV and RGSV symtom was measured as consideration the resistance of plant to the viruses.  The results showed that the tested genotypes had high genetic variability and heritability classified as medium in the resistance to RGSV.  The genotypes showed low genetic variability and heritability in the resistance to RRSV.  It implies that breeder effort is feasible to develop resistant lines to RGSV.  HUANGHUAZHAN and HHZ 12-Y4-Y3-Y1 are consistently resistant to RGSV and can be used as donors in further plant breeding activities. The selection of resistant individuals in populations of plant breeding material recommended to be done on earlier generations for RGSV and further generation for RSSV.
Genotype by Environment for Grain Yield of Salt tolerance Rice Genotypes in Coastal Saline Area
Authors: Nafisah Nafisah Nafisah , Zairin Zairin , Satoto Satoto , Jamil Ali , Sasmita Priatna
Published: June 2020

Multi-environment experiment could reveal the performance and adaptation of the advanced breeding lines for specific or general environment. The objective of the present investigation was to analyze the pattern of Genotype x Environment (G x E) interaction for grain yield of 67 genotypes by Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model using the data generated from observational yield trial in three different coastal rice environment in Indonesia including one site in coastal of Eretan, Indramayu (West Java) and two sites in the coastal area of Mataram, West Nusatenggara during dry season of 2009. In each location, the experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 5m2 plot size and 20 cm x 20 cm of planting space. Standard management practices for irrigation field were followed for all trials. The results showed the highly significant genotypic and G x E interaction. The genotype x environment (GxE) interaction influenced the relative ranking of the genotypes across environment. Genotype 62(IR76397-2B-6-1-1-1-1), G3(IR58427-5B-15), G61(IR76393-2B-7-1-1-3-1), G19 (IR73055-8-1-1-3-1), G26 (IR 77674-3B-8-2-2-14-1-AJY5), G38(IR77674-3B-8-2-2-14-2-AJY4), G35(IR77674-3B-8-1-3-13-2-AJY2), G44(IR68144-2B-2-2-3-3), and G53(IR72593-B-18-2-2-2) produced higher yield compared to the overall mean, and showed low G x E interaction effect with low ASV (AMMI’s Stability Value) score presented the high yield genotype with high adaptability compared to the checks. G23(IR77674-B-20-1-2-1-3-6-4-AJY1,8.39 t/ha), G25 (IR 77674-3B-8-2-2-12-5-AJY2, 8.11 t/ha), G24(IR77674-3B-8-2-2-8-3-AJY4, 8.32 t/ha), G18(IR72049-B-R-22-3-1-1, 8.78 t/ha), produced high yield and indicated suitable for Eretan environment. Both the stable genotypes and the specific adaptation genotypes with the highest average yield compared to the checks will be further evaluated in prelimenary yieid trials in the several environments with the bigger size plot.
Injuries in Students of Three Different Dance Techniques
Authors: Echegoyen Soledad , Acuña Eugenia , Rodríguez Cristina
Published: June 2020

As with any athlete, the dancer has a high risk for injury. Most studies carried out relate to classical and modern dance; however, there is a lack of reports on injuries involving other dance techniques. This study is an attempt to determine the differences in the incidence, the exposure-related
rates, and the kind of injuries in three different dance techniques. A prospective study about dance injuries was carried out between 2004 and 2007 on students of modern, Mexican folkloric, and Spanish dance at the Escuela Nacional de Danza. A total of 1,168 injuries were registered in 444
students; the injury rate was 4 injuries/student for modern dance and 2 injuries/student for Mexican folkloric and Spanish dance. The rate per training hours was 4 for modern, 1.8 for Mexican folkloric, and 1.5 injuries/1,000 hr of training for Spanish dance. The lower extremity is the most
frequent structure injured (70.47%), and overuse injuries comprised 29% of the total. The most frequent injuries were strain, sprain, back pain, and patellofemoral pain. This study has a consistent medical diagnosis of the injuries and is the first attempt in Mexico to compare the incidence
of injuries in different dance techniques. To decrease the frequency of student injury, it is important to incorporate prevention programs into dance program curricula. More studies are necessary to define causes and mechanisms of injury, as well as an analysis of training methodology, to
decrease the incidence of the muscle imbalances resulting in injury.
Development of a New Instrument for Measuring the Musculoskeletal Load and Physical Health of Professional Orchestral Musicians
Authors: Ackermann Bronwen , Driscoll Tim
Published: June 2020

To develop questionnaire and physical examination instruments that could be used by researchers and clinicians to undertake a detailed baseline assessment of professional orchestral musicians. METHODS: The final instruments were based on a combination of areas of interest to the musicians,
areas of interest to the investigators, evidence-based approaches, and approaches in common use and so likely to have standardised results that can be used for comparison. RESULTS: The questionnaire content and length were found to be acceptable to the subjects. There did not appear to be
any major problems with the subjects' interpretation of the questions. Most subjects found the physical examination protocol of suitable length, although some found it physically demanding. The multiple assessors were able to apply the protocol in a suitably standardised fashion and within
an acceptably short time for use in large-scale studies. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire and physical examination protocol should prove useful to researchers working with professional musicians and provide a sound basis for the development of similar instruments by other researchers.
The High Prevalence of Injury Among Female Bassoonists
Authors: Brusky Paula
Published: June 2020

Performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a frequent reality for practicing musicians. Aspects of the bassoon, such as the weight of the instrument and the musician’s asymmetrical body position, make bassoon players particularly susceptible to PRMDs. The International
Bassoonist Questionnaire was distributed via the world wide web (n = 166; 58% male, 42% female) to investigate PRMDs in bassoon players. Great differences between genders were documented in bassoon players; females (100%) reported PRMDs more frequently than males (78%). Female bassoonists
were particularly susceptible to PRMDs in the hands, arms, and wrists.
Potential hazard of hearing damage to students in undergraduate popular music courses
Authors: Barlow Christopher
Published: June 2020

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in university courses related to popular and commercial music, with a commensurate increase in the number of students studying these courses. Students of popular music subjects are frequently involved in the use of electronically amplified
sound for rehearsal and recording, in addition to the "normal" noise exposure commonly associated with young people. The combination of these two elements suggests a higher than average noise exposure hazard for these students. To date, the majority of noise studies on students have
focused on exposure from personal music players and on classical, orchestral, and marching band musicians. One hundred students across a range of university popular music courses were surveyed using a 30-point questionnaire regarding their musical habits both within and external to their university
courses. This was followed by noise dosimetry of studios/recording spaces and music venues popular with students. Questionnaire responses showed 76% of subjects reported having experienced symptoms associated with hearing loss, while only 18% reported using hearing protection devices. Rehearsals
averaged 11.5 hrs/wk, with a mean duration 2 hrs 13 mins and mean level of 98 dB LAEQ. Ninety-four percent of subjects reported attending concerts or nightclubs at least once per week, and measured exposure in two of these venues ranged from 98 to 112 dB LAEQ with a mean of 98.9 dB LAEQ over
a 4.5-hr period. Results suggested an extremely high hazard of excessive noise exposure among this group from both their social and study-based music activities.
Do Increases in Selected Fitness Parameters Affect the Aesthetic Aspects of Classical Ballet Performance?
Authors: Twitchett Emily A , Angioi Manuela , Koutedakis Yiannis , Wyon Matthew
Published: June 2020

Research has indicated that classical ballet dancers tend to have lower fitness levels and increased injury rates compared to other athletes with similar workloads. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of a specifically tailored fitness training programme on the incidence
of injury and the aesthetic quality of performance of classical ballet dancers compared to a control group. Proficiency in performance was evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention period for both groups through a 4-min dance sequence using previously ratified marking criteria.
The intervention group (n = 8) partook in a weekly 1-hr training session that included aerobic interval training, circuit training, and whole body vibration (WBV) All dancers’ performance proficiency scores increased from pre-intervention testing to post-intervention. The intervention
group’s overall performance scores demonstrated a significantly greater increase (p = 0.03) than the equivalent for the control group. It was concluded that supplementary fitness training has a positive effect on aspects related to aesthetic dance performance as studied herein; further
research is recommended on a larger and more varied sample. Practical applications from this study suggest that supplemental training should be part of a ballet dancer’s regime, and minimal intervention time is required to have observable effects.
Pulmonary Function in Pubertal Synchronized Swimmers: 1-year Follow-up Results and Its Relation to Competitive Achievement
Authors: Gabrilo Goran , Peric Mia , Stipic Marija
Published: June 2020

Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all
women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in
body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the
study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds
on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.
Medical Controversies and Dilemmas in Discussions about the Illness and Death of Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), Romania’s National Poet
Authors: Neghina Raul , Neghina Adriana M
Published: June 2020

Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), the first great Romanian poet and a defining figure in Romanian culture, may be situated among the most important romantic bards of his times—-Byron, Novalis, Holderlin, Hugo, Lamartine, and Leopardi. He was born to a family affected by tuberculosis
and predisposed to mental disorders. Although Eminescu may have suffered from bipolar disorder and may have been killed by iatrogenic mercury poisoning, erysipelas, head trauma, or endocarditis, his final illness and death continue to be associated with the most stigmatized disease of those
times, syphilis. This historical review addresses the pros and cons of arguments about the diseases from which Eminescu may have suffered, as well as their causes and consequences.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 50
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Once again, the recent performing arts medicine literature contains several articles with a common thread. For this issue, the piano is the subject—four articles, both clinical and research-based, provide further insights into aspects of performance and difficulties that may affect
it. A second attribute of this column is the review of several papers from the recent International Symposium on Performance Science, held in Utrecht, Netherlands, in 2009. Installment 50.
Safety of Subcutaneous Microinjections (Mesotherapy) in Musicians
Authors: Narvarte Danik A , Rosset-Llobet Jaume
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: Determine the safety and tolerance of mesotherapy as a technique for the treatment of musculoskeletal complaints in musicians. METHOD: 67 patients (55.2% women) were subjected to a total of 267 mesotherapy sessions. A mesotherapy needle or normal needle was used randomly.
The drugs employed were thiocolchicoside and diazepam as muscular relaxants, pentoxifylline or buflomedil as vasodilators, and piroxicam as an anti-inflammatory, as directed. A visual analogue scale was used to quantify the pain produced by the microinjections as well as the degree of immediate
and midterm side effects as reported on a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: A mean of 155.5 microinjections were performed per session, of which 45.6% were perceived as painful by the patient with a mean severity of 4.3 out of 10. The pain reduced to 0.5 out of 10 after 24 hours. The most sensitive
areas were the levator scapulae and splenius muscles. Systemic symptoms were reported by 5.99% of the musicians after the mesotherapy sessions (muscular weakness 1.5%, rash 1.5%, drowsiness 1.1% and itching 1.1%, being the most frequent). The mean severity of these symptoms was 2.77 out of
10. In all cases the symptoms had completely disappeared after 24 hours. No patient referred to signs of local or systemic infection. CONCLUSIONS: The application of drugs by means of subcutaneous injections (mesotherapy) in musicians is a technique that is safe, well tolerated, and without
any severe complications.
Fit As A Fiddle: The Musician’s Guide to Playing Healthy. By William J. Dawson.
Authors: Fleisher Leah
Published: June 2020

Fit As A Fiddle: The Musician’s Guide to Playing Healthy. By William J. Dawson. Published by Rowman & Littlefield Education (Lanham, MD), in partnership with MENC The National Association for Music Education. Nov 2007, 158 pp. ISBN 978-1-57886683-0.
Mozart’s Nocturnal Habits Are Disproved by Historical Evidence
Authors: Zanette Damián H
Published: June 2020

In a recent Letter to the Editor, Grant and Pilz propose the hypothesis of a contribution of very low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to provoke Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s death. Mozart died on the 5th of December, 1791, aged 35, probably due to an infection which, very likely,
had low vitamin D levels as an important risk factor. According to Grant and Pilz, the lack of vitamin D is to be attributed, in the case of Mozart’s, to insufficient exposure to sunlight, because he “did much of his composing at night, so would have slept during much of the day.”
Historical evidence, however, disproves the nocturnal habits of the Austrian composer.
Primary Bowing Tremor: A Task-Specific Movement Disorder of String Instrumentalists
Authors: Lederman Richard J
Published: June 2020

Fear of a tremulous or unsteady bow is widespread among string instrumentalists. Faulty technique and performance anxiety have generally been blamed. The cases of 4 high-level violinists and 1 violist, 3 women and 2 men, with uncontrollable bow tremor are presented. Age at onset was
from 16 to 75 years, and symptom duration 8 months to 20 years at the time of neurological evaluation. The degree of tremor varied with type of bow stroke and even the portion of the bow contacting the string. Only 1 patient had a slight postural tremor of the opposite limb. In 3 of 5 the
tremor was task-specific; the other 2 had mild and nontroubling tremor with other activities. The tremor appeared to worsen over time but then seemed to stabilize. The characteristics of this tremor appear to be distinguishable from the features of both essential tremor and focal dystonia;
comparison is made with representative string players afflicted by these other disorders. Analogy of this tremor is made with primary writing tremor, a well-defined task-specific movement disorder also sharing at least some features with both essential tremor and writers’ cramp, a focal
dystonia. Hence, it was decided to call this primary bowing tremor. Clinical features, family history, diagnostic studies, and responsiveness to treatment of primary writing tremor are discussed to emphasize the similarity to primary bowing tremor. This appears to represent a previously unreported
form of task-specific movement disorder of string instrumentalists.
Isokinetic Strength Profiles of Thigh Muscles of Modern Dancers in Relation to Their Experience Level
Authors: Agopyan Ani , Tekin Demet , Unal Mehmet , Kurtel Hizir , Turan Gullu , Ersoz Ayrin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to determine maximal voluntary peak torque (PT), PT% body weight (PT%BW), total work (TW), and hamstring/quadriceps ratio (HQR) for bilateral and unilateral thigh muscle strength during isokinetic muscle contractions in modern dancers in relation to their experience
level. METHODS: Twenty-two female dancers were divided into two groups: intermediate dancers (ID, n=11) and advanced dancers (AD, n=11). Strength tests were performed using the Biodex System-III Pro Multijoint System isokinetic dynamometer to determine three joint angular velocities (60, 180,
300°/s). RESULTS: During extension, ADs exhibited higher ratios in the HQR (p=0.016) on right leg at 300°/s, IDs generated greater TW (p=0.042), and within groups, there was a significant left-to-right difference in the HQR at 300°/s for ADs (p=0.042). During flexion, within groups,
the ADs exhibited significant differences between legs for both PT (p=0.026) and PT%BW (p=0.022) at 300°/s. CONCLUSION: For both groups, the average HQR in all angular velocities was not within the recommended range, which is required to prevent injuries; at the same time, unilateral muscular
imbalances existed. Lower extremities of ADs exhibited asymmetric strength patterns at a certain level. Further research should be done to confirm the findings of this pilot study.
Impromptu
Authors: Nightingale Stephen D
Published: June 2020

Once the salesman realized I wasn’t going to buy the piano, his mood abruptly changed, but not in the direction I had anticipated. “Doc,” he looked at me and said, “I need a doctor. I really do.”
Median and Ulnar Neuropathies in U.S. Army Medical Command Band Members
Authors: Shafer Scott W , Koreerat Nicholas R , Gordon Lindsay B , Santillo Douglas R , Moore Josef H , Greathouse David G
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: Musicians have been reported as having a high prevalence of upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of median and ulnar neuropathies in U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) Band members
at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. METHODS: Thirty-five MEDCOM Band members (30 males, 5 females) volunteered to participate. There were 33 right-handed musicians, and the mean length of time in the MEDCOM Band was 12.2 yrs (range, 1–30 yrs). Subjects completed a history form, were interviewed,
and underwent a physical examination of the cervical spine and bilateral upper extremities. Nerve conduction studies of the bilateral median and ulnar nerves were performed. Electrophysiological variables served as the reference standard for median and ulnar neuropathy and included distal
sensory latencies, distal motor latencies, amplitudes, conduction velocities, and comparison study latencies. RESULTS: Ten of the 35 subjects (29%) presented with abnormal electrophysiologic values suggestive of an upper extremity mononeuropathy. Nine of the subjects had abnormal median nerve
electrophysiologic values at or distal to the wrist; 2 had bilateral abnormal values. One had an abnormal ulnar nerve electrophysiologic assessment at the elbow. Nine of these 10 subjects had clinical examination findings consistent with the electrophysiological findings. CONCLUSIONS: The
prevalence of mononeuropathies in this sample of band members is similar to that found in previous research involving civilian musicians (20–36%) and far exceeds that reported in the general population. Prospective research investigating screening, examination items, and injury prevention
measures in musicians appears to be warranted.
Epidemiology of Health Concerns Among Collegiate Student Musicians Participating in Marching Band
Authors: Hatheway Melissa , Chesky Kris
Published: June 2020

Participation in marching band requires intense physical and mental requirements, altered and potentially elevated biomechanical demands related to performing musical instruments while marching, routine exposures to elevated noise levels and at times hazardous weather conditions, and
time commitments for practice and travel. Unfortunately, there are no known epidemiologic studies that systematically examine the perception of health-related consequences among college students participating in a collegiate marching band. There are no known studies that attempt to understand
if the perceived consequences of marching band are different for students majoring in music compared to non-music major students. In response to this deficiency, this study collected and characterized occupational health patterns and concerns associated with participation in a collegiate marching
band. Members of a large collegiate marching band (n=246/310, 76%) responded to a 70-item epidemiologic survey. Results reveal patterns of health concerns and how they differ when compared across music majors vs non-music majors and instrument groups.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 61
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Installment #61.
The Balanced Musician. By Lesley Sisterhen McAllister
Authors: Ananda-Owens Kathryn E
Published: June 2020

The Balanced Musician: Integrating Mind and Body for Peak Performance. By Lesley Sisterhen McAllister. Published by Scarecrow Press, Nov 2012, 365 pp, (paperback). ISBN 978-0-8108-8293-5.
Health literacy and health promotion challenges in performing arts medicine
Authors: Ackermann Bronwen J
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the role of health literacy in determining appropriate attitudes and behaviours to health has received extensive attention. According to the World Health Organisation, health literacy refers to the ability of individuals to access, understand, and use information in
ways which promote and maintain good health for themselves, their families, and their communities. It has been increasingly recognised that this information should be tailored to the specific needs of the community (e.g., performing artists) to empower them to take an active role in improving
their own health outcomes. One concern recognised for well over a decade now has been the challenge for non-health-trained individuals to recognise what is reliable when searching through the highly variable sources of “health information” published on the internet.
Análise de Ciclo de Vida dos Processos de Valorização de Resíduos Sólidos Domiciliares em Florianópolis (SC) para Redução de Gases de Efeito Estufa
Authors: Suski Cássio Aurélio , Luiz Bruno Vieira
Published: June 2020

A gestão dos RSU tem relação direta com o aquecimento global, pois possibilita a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) pela decomposição dos resíduos e o reaproveitamento dos materiais evitando partes significativas dos processos de produção, os quais emitem direta ou indiretamente

gases que contribuem para o aumento do efeito estufa. O estudo pretende propor alternativas tecnológicas para a gestão dos RSU do município de Florianópolis-SC, utilizando a Análise de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) para quantificar as emissões atuais de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), bem como de cenários propostos, visando a valorização dos resíduos por meio de compostagem, biodigestores anaeróbios, reciclagem e geração de energia. Serão estabelecidos 5 cenários com percentuais de reciclagem, compostagem, digestão anaeróbica, geração de energia e destinação em aterro sanitário. Posteriormente, serão analisadas as emissões de GEE de cada cenário por meio do software Waste Reduction Model (WARM). Os resíduos serão categorizados em 54 categorias diferentes e realizada a modelagem no software, obtendo-se o cenário base que será utilizado para comparação com os cenários propostos, nos quais serão incluídas alternativas tecnológicas de valorização de RSU, quantificando assim a redução de GEE.
miR-874 ameliorates retinopathy in diabetic rats by NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Rui , Yuan Huimin , Zhao Tao , Yan Yimin , Liu Zhaochen , Cai Jiayu , Qiu Chunli , Li Chuanjing
Published: June 2020

Background: miRNAs participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). High expression of NF-κB signaling pathway boosts the progression of retinopathy in diabetes rats. We found a site where miR-874 bound to the NF-κB p65 by a bioinformatics website. Therefore, we speculated that miR-874 might improve retinopathy in diabetic rats by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods: Ten healthy rats were taken as the control group. Sixty streptozotocin (60 mg/kg)-induced diabetes model rats were randomly divided into the model group (injection of normal saline), NC (negative control) agomir group (injection of NC mimic), miR-874 agomir group (injection of miR-874 mimic), miR-874 anti-agomir group (injection of miR-874 inhibitor), EVP4593 group (injection of NF-κB signaling pathway antagonist EVP4593), and miR-874 anti-agomir + EVP4593 group (injection of miR-874 inhibitor and EVP4593). All injection was via caudal vein. Results: miR-874 could target the degradation of p65. Compared with the control group, model rats had reduced miR-874 expression, increased VEGF and Ang2 protein expressions, lowered end-diastolic velocity and peak systolic velocity of central retinal artery (CRA) and blood velocity of central retinal vein and CRA, heightened plasma viscosity, blood viscosity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at all shear rates, decreased capillary pericytes, increased vascular endothelial cells, and ascended p65 expression in the retina (all P < 0.05). It showed that pathological changes appeared in the retina of diabetes rats. These indexes would be improved in diabetes rats injected with miR-874 mimic or EVP4593, but deteriorated in those injected with miR-874 inhibitor (all P < 0.05). EVP4593 could alleviate the aggravation of retinopathy that was caused by miR-874 inhibition in diabetes rats. Conclusions: miR-874 mediates the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting the degradation of p65 to further improve the retina of diabetes rats, showing the improvement effect of miR-874 on diabetic retinopathy in rats.
BCG-induced neutrophil extracellular traps formation and its regulatory mechanism
Authors: Sun Erlin , Liu Kangkang , Lei Mingde , Wang Lining , Nian Xuewu , Li Limin , Gao Jingda
Published: June 2020

Background: Intravesical BCG is one of the most effective immunotherapies for bladder cancer. Our previous study showed that BCG induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play an important role in bladder tumor treatment. To identify how BCG induced NETs formation, we examined NETs formation induced by BCG in vitro and in a mouse model, then analyzed the effects of NETs on BCG and the relevant regulatory mechanism. Results: We observed the NETs at different time points by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the results found that BCG induced in vitro NETs formation in a time-dependent fashion, which was inhibited by pretreatment with DNase I and protease. FITC-labeled BCG was used to observe capturing by NETs. Interestingly, BCG was trapped but not killed in vitro by NETs, which was different from the effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, ROS was required for BCG-induced NETs formation, which was regulated by MEK, p38, PI3K, and PKC pathways. Finally, NETs formation was observed in mouse urine and subcutaneous tumors after BCG perfusion. Conclusions: By exploring how BCG induced the formation of NETs and the regulatory mechanism, we conclude that a novel immune reaction involving neutrophils exists in the early stages of BCG treatment.
Identifying opportunities to strengthen school food environments in the Pacific: a case study in Samoa
Authors: Reeve Erica , Thow Anne-Marie , Bell Colin , Soti-Ulberg Christina , Sacks Gary
Published: June 2020

Background: Despite global recommendations to prioritise policies that create healthy environments within education institutions, the implementation of effective healthy school food policies has proved challenging for many countries. This study examined the experience of Samoa in introducing a stronger policy to improve the healthiness of school food environments. Our aim was to identify opportunities to strengthen healthy school food policy implementation in Samoa and other comparable contexts. Methods: We used a qualitative case study approach, underpinned by policy science theory. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 informants, coupled with analysis of relevant documents, to generate a detailed understanding of the relevant policy implementation processes in Samoa, and the perspectives and capacities of key implementation actors. Data collection and analysis were guided by the Health Policy Analysis Triangle supplemented by other policy theories relevant to policy process. Results: Samoa’s school food policy operationalizes international ‘best practice’ recommendations. We found health policymakers and leaders in Samoa to be strongly committed to improving school food environments. Despite this, there continued to be challenges in ensuring compliance with the school nutrition standards. Key issues that negatively impacted on the policy’s effectiveness were the lack of priority given to school food by stakeholders outside of health, the high prevalence of unhealthy food in the areas immediately surrounding schools, and the high degree of agency exercised by actors in and around the school. We noted several opportunities for policies to be effectively implemented and sustained. Respondents identified community level leaders as potentially pivotal stakeholders, particularly in a context where school governance draws heavily on community representation.Conclusions: Despite previous commitment to the issue, political and community leaders need to be re-engaged to identify the institutional and operational changes required to improve the implementation of healthy school food policies. Strong incentives for compliance and effective enforcement mechanisms are likely to be crucial to success.
Circ_LDLR promoted the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma via regulating miR-195-5p/LIPH axis
Authors: Gui Xiaolong , Li Yan , Zhang Xiaobin , Su Ka , Cao Wenlong
Published: June 2020

Background: Emerging studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators for tumorigenesis in cancers, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of circ_LDLR on PTC. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the levels of circ_LDLR, miR-195-5p and lipase H (LIPH). RNase R digestion assay and Actinomycin D assay were utilized to analyze the characteristics of circ_LDLR. Colony formation assay and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation. Western blot assay was used for the determination of protein levels. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to determine cell apoptosis. Transwell assay was performed to determine cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the associations among circ_LDLR, miR-195-5p and LIPH. The murine xenograft model was constructed to explore the roles of circ_LDLR in vivo. Results: Compared to normal tissues and cells, circ_LDLR was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells. Silencing of circ_LDLR suppressed PTC cell colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro and hampered tumor growth in vivo. For mechanism investigation, circ_LDLR could regulate LIPH expression via sponging miR-195-5p. Moreover, miR-195-5p inhibition restored the effects of circ_LDLR knockdown on the malignant behaviors of PTC cells. MiR-195-5p overexpression inhibited PTC cell colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion and facilitated apoptosis by targeting LIPH. Conclusion: Circ_LDLR knockdown decelerated PTC progression by regulating miR-195-5p/LIPH axis, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for PTC.