bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia Inhibits Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contractions in Isolated Rat Aortae
Authors: Lee Soohee , Hwang Yeran , Park Kyeong-Eon , Bae Sungil , Ok Seong-Ho , Ahn Seung-Hyun , Sim Gyujin , Bae Moonju , Sohn Ju-Tae
Published: March 2024

Dexmedetomidine is widely used to induce sedation in the perioperative period. This study examined the effect of hypothermia (33 and 25 °C) on dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in an endothelium-intact aorta with or without the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In addition, the effect of hypothermia on the contraction induced by dexmedetomidine in an endothelium-denuded aorta with or without a calcium-free Krebs solution was examined. The effects of hypothermia on the protein kinase C (PKC), myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation, and Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by dexmedetomidine were examined. Hypothermia inhibited dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact aorta with L-NAME or endothelium-denuded aorta. Hypothermia had almost no effect on the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the endothelium-denuded aorta with the calcium-free Krebs solution; however, the subsequent contraction induced by the addition of calcium was inhibited by hypothermia. Conversely, the transition from profound hypothermia back to normothermia reversed the hypothermia-induced inhibition of subsequent calcium-induced contractions. Hypothermia inhibited any contraction induced by KCl, PDBu, and NaF, as well as PKC and MLC20 phosphorylation and Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by dexmedetomidine. These results suggest that hypothermia inhibits dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, which is mediated mainly by the impediment of calcium influx and partially by the attenuation of pathways involving PKC and Rho-kinase activation.
Advancements Exploring Major Depressive Disorder: Insights on Oxidative Stress, Serotonin Metabolism, BDNF, HPA Axis Dysfunction, and Pharmacotherapy Advances
Authors: Correia Ana Salomé , Vale Nuno
Published: March 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD), a prevalent mental illness, is marked by a complex mixture of biological factors. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative stress, tryptophan-serotonin metabolism, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in MDD’s pathophysiology. Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, is closely linked to MDD’s neurobiological changes. The tryptophan (TRP)-/serotonin (5-HT) metabolic pathway is also known to be crucial in mood regulation, with its dysregulation being a central aspect of MDD. Additionally, BDNF, key for neuronal growth and plasticity, often shows alterations in MDD patients, supporting its role in the disorder’s progression. Furthermore, the HPA axis, which manages stress response, is frequently disrupted in MDD, further contributing to its complex pathology. In addition to exploring these biological mechanisms, this review also explores the pharmacotherapy of MDD, including new advances. These advancements in treatment strategies are crucial for managing MDD effectively. Understanding these mechanisms and the latest pharmacological interventions is essential for developing more effective treatments for MDD.
Atypical Progeria Primarily Manifesting as Premature Cardiac Valvular Disease Segregates with LMNA-Gene Variants
Authors: Wu Hoi W. , Van de Peppel Ivo P. , Rutten Julie W. , Jukema J. Wouter , Aten Emmelien , Jazet Ingrid M. , Koopmann Tamara T. , Barge-Schaapveld Daniela Q. C. M. , Ajmone Marsan Nina
Published: March 2024

Mutations in the LMNA-gene can cause a variety of ‘laminopathies’. These laminopathies are associated with a range of phenotypes, including disorders affecting the adipose tissue, peripheral nerves, the heart, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction system abnormalities, and less commonly, progeroid disorders. This case series describes two families in which two novel LMNA-gene variants were identified, and who presented with an atypical progeroid phenotype with primarily premature aortic and mitral valve stenosis. Interestingly, these families exhibited no clear evidence of multisystem involvement, illustrating the complex role of lamins A/C.
Factors Associated with Survival and Discontinuation of Anti-Malarial Agents in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results from a Tertiary Swedish Referral Centre
Authors: Walhelm Tomas , Wirestam Lina , Enman Yvonne , Parodis Ioannis , Sjöwall Christopher
Published: March 2024

Background: Antimalarial agents (AMAs) are cornerstone drugs in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their use has established benefits, such as improved prognosis and decelerated accrual of organ damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of discontinuation of AMAs and associated factors in a Swedish SLE population. Methods: We retrieved data from a regional SLE register where all patients fulfilled the 1982 ACR and/or the 2012 SLICC classification criteria. A total of 328 subjects were included in the analysis. Results: Altogether, 92.4% (303/328) had been prescribed AMAs at some point during their disease. At the last available visit, 67.7% (222/328) were currently prescribed AMAs. Among individuals who had discontinued use, 24.7% (20/81) had developed a contraindication. Side effects were also common reasons for discontinuation (n = 38); gastrointestinal symptoms (52.6%, 20/38) were most common. Patients who discontinued had accrued more organ damage at the last visit (mean SDI: 2.9; SD: 2.8) compared with those still on AMAs (mean SDI: 1.4; SD: 1.8; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Most patients had been exposed to AMAs, but 25% discontinued therapy. Among side effects leading to discontinuation, >50% were gastrointestinal, calling for adequate gastroprotection towards drug retention and prevention of organ damage progression.
Effect of Mirror Therapy on Post-Needling Pain Following Deep Dry Needling of Myofascial Trigger Point in Lateral Elbow Pain: Prospective Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio , Rodríguez Jhoselyn Delgado , Kalitovics Alejandro , de Miguel Rodríguez Pablo , Bortolussi Cegarra Daniela Sabrina , Rodríguez Villanueva Iremar , García Molina Álvaro , Ruiz Rodríguez Iván , Montaño Ocaña Juan , Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel , Sosa Reina María Dolores , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Alonso Pérez José Luis
Published: March 2024

Background: This prospective randomized, controlled pilot trial to explore the immediate effect of adding Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy on pain sensitivity and motor performance among subjects suffering from post-needling pain diagnosed as Lateral Elbow Pain. Methods: A total of 49 participants (23 female, 26 male) were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the experimental group, which received Deep Dry Needling in the m. Brachioradialis, Ischemic Compression, Cold Spray, Stretching, and Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy (n = 25), or a control group without Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy (n = 24). Pre- and post-treatment evaluations included assessments of post-needling pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, two-point discrimination threshold, and maximum hand grip strength. Results: Intergroup analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in post-needling pain intensity favoring the experimental group (U = 188.00, p = 0.034). Additionally, intragroup analysis showed significant improvements in post-needling pain intensity (MD = 0.400, SEM = 0.271, W = 137.00, p = 0.047) and pressure pain threshold (MD = 0.148 Kg/cm2, SEM = 0.038, W = 262.00, p < 0.001) within the experimental group following the intervention. Conclusions: These findings suggest a potential benefit of integrating Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy into treatment protocols for individuals with Lateral Elbow Pain experiencing post-needling discomfort. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the clinical implications of these findings.
Severity of Complications after Locking Plate Osteosynthesis in Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Gurung Roshan , Terrill Alexander , White Gentry , Windolf Markus , Hofmann-Fliri Ladina , Dlaska Constantin , Schuetz Michael , Epari Devakara R.
Published: March 2024

Background: Locked plating for distal femur fractures is widely recommended and used. We systematically reviewed clinical studies assessing the benefits and harms of fracture fixation with locked plates in AO/OTA Type 32 and 33 femur fractures. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database was performed. The studies included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and case series involving patients with distal femur fractures. Studies of other fracture patterns, studies conducted on children, pathological fractures, cadaveric studies, animal models, and those with non-clinical study designs were excluded. Results: 53 studies with 1788 patients were found to satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common harms were nonunion (14.8%), malunion (13%), fixation failure (5.3%), infection (3.7%), and symptomatic implant (3.1%). Time to full weight-bearing ranged from 5 to 24 weeks, averaging 12.3 weeks. The average duration of follow-up was 18.18 months, ranging from 0.5 to 108 months. Surgical time ranged between 40 and 540 min, with an average of 141 min. The length of stay in days was 12.7, ranging from 1 to 61. The average plate length was ten holes, ranging from 5 to 20 holes. Conclusion: This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available evidence on the risk associated with locked plating osteosynthesis in distal femur fractures. Nonunion is the most common harm and is the primary cause of reoperation. The overall combined risk of a major and critical complication (i.e., requiring reoperation) is approximately 20%.
Noise-Optimized CBCT Imaging of Temporomandibular Joints—The Impact of AI on Image Quality
Authors: Kazimierczak Wojciech , Kędziora Kamila , Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna , Kazimierczak Natalia , Serafin Zbigniew
Published: March 2024

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a common medical condition. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is effective in assessing TMD-related bone changes, but image noise may impair diagnosis. Emerging deep learning reconstruction algorithms (DLRs) could minimize noise and improve CBCT image clarity. This study compares standard and deep learning-enhanced CBCT images for image quality in detecting osteoarthritis-related degeneration in TMJs (temporomandibular joints). This study analyzed CBCT images of patients with suspected temporomandibular joint degenerative joint disease (TMJ DJD). Methods: The DLM reconstructions were performed with ClariCT.AI software. Image quality was evaluated objectively via CNR in target areas and subjectively by two experts using a five-point scale. Both readers also assessed TMJ DJD lesions. The study involved 50 patients with a mean age of 28.29 years. Results: Objective analysis revealed a significantly better image quality in DLM reconstructions (CNR levels; p < 0.001). Subjective assessment showed high inter-reader agreement (κ = 0.805) but no significant difference in image quality between the reconstruction types (p = 0.055). Lesion counts were not significantly correlated with the reconstruction type (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The analyzed DLM reconstruction notably enhanced the objective image quality in TMJ CBCT images but did not significantly alter the subjective quality or DJD lesion diagnosis. However, the readers favored DLM images, indicating the potential for better TMD diagnosis with CBCT, meriting more study.
Kinetic, Isothermal, and Thermodynamic Analyses of Adsorption of Humic Acid on Quaternized Porous Cellulose Beads
Authors: Uchiyama Kana , Asamoto Hiromichi , Minamisawa Hiroaki , Yamada Kazunori
Published: March 2024

Porous cellulose beads were quaternized with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC), and the potential use of the quaternized cellulose beads as an adsorbent was explored for the removal of humic acid (HA) from aqueous media. The introduction of quaternary ammonium groups was verified by FT-IR and XPS analyses, and their content increased to 0.524 mmol/g-Qcell by increasing the GTMAC concentration. The adsorption capacity of the HA increased with decreasing initial pH value and/or increasing content of quaternary ammonium groups, and a maximum adsorption capacity of 575 mg/g-Qcell was obtained for the quaternized cellulose beads with a content of quaternary ammonium groups of 0.380 mmol/g-Qcell. The removal % value increased with increasing dose of quaternized cellulose beads, and HA was highly removed at higher quaternary ammonium groups. The kinetics of the HA adsorption in this study followed a pseudo-second-order equation, and the process exhibited a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. In addition, the k2 value increased with increasing temperature. These results emphasize that HA adsorption is limited by chemical sorption or chemisorption. The quaternized cellulose beads were repetitively used for the adsorption of HA without appreciable loss in the adsorption capacity. The empirical, equilibrium, and kinetic aspects obtained in this study support that the quaternized cellulose beads can be applied to the removal of HA.
An Efficient Limited Memory Multi-Step Quasi-Newton Method
Authors: Moghrabi Issam A. R. , Hassan Basim A.
Published: March 2024

This paper is dedicated to the development of a novel class of quasi-Newton techniques tailored to address computational challenges posed by memory constraints. Such methodologies are commonly referred to as “limited” memory methods. The method proposed herein showcases adaptability by introducing a customizable memory parameter governing the retention of historical data in constructing the Hessian estimate matrix at each iterative stage. The search directions generated through this novel approach are derived from a modified version closely resembling the full memory multi-step BFGS update, incorporating limited memory computation for a singular term to approximate matrix–vector multiplication. Results from numerical experiments, exploring various parameter configurations, substantiate the enhanced efficiency of the proposed algorithm within the realm of limited memory quasi-Newton methodologies category.
Multiplicity of Normalized Solutions for the Fractional Schrödinger Equation with Potentials
Authors: Zhang Xue , Squassina Marco , Zhang Jianjun
Published: March 2024

We are concerned with the existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions to the fractional Schrödinger equation (−Δ)su+V(εx)u=λu+h(εx)f(u)inRN,∫RN|u|2dx=a,, where (−Δ)s is the fractional Laplacian, s∈(0,1), a,ε>0, λ∈R is an unknown parameter that appears as a Lagrange multiplier, h:RN→[0,+∞) are bounded and continuous, and f is L2-subcritical. Under some assumptions on the potential V, we show the existence of normalized solutions depends on the global maximum points of h when ε is small enough.
Strategic Warehouse Location Selection in Business Logistics: A Novel Approach Using IMF SWARA–MARCOS—A Case Study of a Serbian Logistics Service Provider
Authors: Pajić Vukašin , Andrejić Milan , Jolović Marijana , Kilibarda Milorad
Published: March 2024

Business logistics encompasses the intricate planning, seamless implementation, and precise control of the efficient and effective movement and storage of goods, services, and associated information from their origin to their final consumption point. The strategic placement of facilities is intricately intertwined with business logistics, exerting a direct influence on the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of supply chain operations. In the realm of business logistics, decisions regarding the location of facilities, including warehouses, distribution centers, and manufacturing plants, assume a pivotal role in shaping the overarching logistics strategy. Warehouses, serving as pivotal nodes in the supply chain network, establish crucial links at both local and global markets. They serve as the nexus connecting suppliers and customers across the entire supply chain, thus constituting indispensable elements that significantly impact the overall performance of the supply chain. The optimal location of warehouses is paramount for efficient supply chains, ensuring minimized costs and bigger profits. The decision on warehouse location exerts a profound influence on investment costs, operational expenses, and the distribution strategy of a company, thereby playing a substantial role in elevating customer service levels. Hence, the primary objective of this paper is to propose a novel methodology grounded in the application of the Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA)-Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution (MARCOS) methods for determining warehouse locations tailored to a logistics service provider (LSP) operating in the Serbian market. Through the definition of seven evaluation criteria based on a comprehensive literature review and expert insights, this study aims to assess five potential locations. The findings suggest that the proposed model offers great decision support for effectively addressing challenges akin to the one presented in this study.
Handling Overlapping Asymmetric Data Sets—A Twice Penalized P-Spline Approach
Authors: McTeer Matthew , Henderson Robin , Anstee Quentin M. , Missier Paolo
Published: March 2024

Aims: Overlapping asymmetric data sets are where a large cohort of observations have a small amount of information recorded, and within this group there exists a smaller cohort which have extensive further information available. Missing imputation is unwise if cohort size differs substantially; therefore, we aim to develop a way of modelling the smaller cohort whilst considering the larger. Methods: Through considering traditionally once penalized P-Spline approximations, we create a second penalty term through observing discrepancies in the marginal value of covariates that exist in both cohorts. Our now twice penalized P-Spline is designed to firstly prevent over/under-fitting of the smaller cohort and secondly to consider the larger cohort. Results: Through a series of data simulations, penalty parameter tunings, and model adaptations, our twice penalized model offers up to a 58% and 46% improvement in model fit upon a continuous and binary response, respectively, against existing B-Spline and once penalized P-Spline methods. Applying our model to an individual’s risk of developing steatohepatitis, we report an over 65% improvement over existing methods. Conclusions: We propose a twice penalized P-Spline method which can vastly improve the model fit of overlapping asymmetric data sets upon a common predictive endpoint, without the need for missing data imputation.
SSA-Deep Learning Forecasting Methodology with SMA and KF Filters and Residual Analysis
Authors: Frausto-Solís Juan , Galicia-González José Christian de Jesús , González-Barbosa Juan Javier , Castilla-Valdez Guadalupe , Sánchez-Hernández Juan Paulo
Published: March 2024

Accurate forecasting remains a challenge, even with advanced techniques like deep learning (DL), ARIMA, and Holt–Winters (H&W), particularly for chaotic phenomena such as those observed in several areas, such as COVID-19, energy, and financial time series. Addressing this, we introduce a Forecasting Method with Filters and Residual Analysis (FMFRA), a hybrid methodology specifically applied to datasets of COVID-19 time series, which we selected for their complexity and exemplification of current forecasting challenges. FMFFRA consists of the following two approaches: FMFRA-DL, employing deep learning, and FMFRA-SSA, using singular spectrum analysis. This proposed method applies the following three phases: filtering, forecasting, and residual analysis. Initially, each time series is split into filtered and residual components. The second phase involves a simple fine-tuning for the filtered time series, while the third phase refines the forecasts and mitigates noise. FMFRA-DL is adept at forecasting complex series by distinguishing primary trends from insufficient relevant information. FMFRA-SSA is effective in data-scarce scenarios, enhancing forecasts through automated parameter search and residual analysis. Chosen for their geographical and substantial populations and chaotic dynamics, time series for Mexico, the United States, Colombia, and Brazil permitted a comparative perspective. FMFRA demonstrates its efficacy by improving the common forecasting performance measures of MAPE by 22.91%, DA by 13.19%, and RMSE by 25.24% compared to the second-best method, showcasing its potential for providing essential insights into various rapidly evolving domains.
Whey Peptide Alleviates Muscle Atrophy by Strongly Regulating Myocyte Differentiation in Mice
Authors: Lee Jin A , Shin Mi-Rae , Kim Minju , Kim Hwa-Young , Choi Hwang-Yong , Seo Yoojin , Choi Hakjoo , Roh Seong-Soo
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: Muscle atrophy occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis, resulting in imbalanced protein homeostasis, compromised muscle contraction, and a reduction in muscle mass. The incidence of muscle atrophy is increasingly recognized as a significant worldwide public health problem. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of whey peptide (WP) on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX) in mice. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, each consisting of nine individuals. WPs were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. DEX was administered for 5–6 weeks to induce muscle atrophy (intraperitoneal injection, i.p.). Results: Microcomputer tomography (CT) analysis confirmed that WP significantly increased calf muscle volume and surface area in mice with DEX-induced muscle atrophy, as evidenced by tissue staining. Furthermore, it increased the area of muscle fibers and facilitated greater collagen deposition. Moreover, WP significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers associated with muscle damage, kidney function, and inflammatory cytokines. WP increased p-mTOR and p-p70S6K levels through the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, while concurrently decreasing protein catabolism via the FOXO pathway. Furthermore, the expression of proteins associated with myocyte differentiation increased noticeably. Conclusions: These results confirm that WP reduces muscle atrophy by regulating muscle protein homeostasis. Additionally, it is believed that it helps to relieve muscle atrophy by regulating the expression of myocyte differentiation factors. Therefore, we propose that WP plays a significant role in preventing and treating muscle wasting by functioning as a supplement to counteract muscle atrophy.
A 10 V Transfer Standard Based on Low-Noise Solid-State Zener Voltage Reference ADR1000
Authors: Bülau André , Walter Daniela , Zimmermann André
Published: March 2024

Voltage standards are widely used to transfer volts from Josephson voltage standards (JVSs) at national metrology institutes (NMIs) into calibration labs to maintain the volts and to transfer them to test equipment at production lines. Therefore, commercial voltage standards based on Zener diodes are used. Analog Devices Inc. (San Jose, CA, USA), namely, Eric Modica, introduced the ADR1000KHZ, a successor to the legendary LTZ1000, at the Metrology Meeting 2021. The first production samples were already available prior to this event. In this article, this new temperature-stabilized Zener diode is compared to several others as per datasheet specifications. Motivated by the superior parameters, a 10 V transfer standard prototype for laboratory use with commercial off-the-shelf components such as resistor networks and chopper amplifiers was built. How much effort it takes to reach the given parameters was investigated. This paper describes how the reference was set up to operate it at its zero-temperature coefficient (z.t.c.) temperature and to lower the requirements for the oven stability. Furthermore, it is shown how the overall temperature coefficient (t.c.) of the circuit was reduced. For the buffered Zener voltage, a t.c. of almost zero, and with amplification to 10 V, a t.c. of <0.01 µV/V/K was achieved in a temperature span of 15 to 31 °C. For the buffered Zener voltage, a noise of ~584 nVp-p and for the 10 V output, ~805 nVp-p were obtained. Finally, 850 days of drift data were taken by comparing the transfer standard prototype to two Fluke 7000 voltage standards according to the method described in NBS Technical Note 430. The drift specification was, however, not met.
Design and Development of Molecular Beacon-Based Real-Time PCR Assays to Identify Clostridioides difficile Types of Main Evolutionary Clades
Authors: Criscuolo Enrico Maria , Barbanti Fabrizio , Spigaglia Patrizia
Published: March 2024

C. difficile infection (CDI) has an important impact on both human and animal health. The rapid detection and monitoring of C. difficile PCR-ribotypes (RTs) cause of CDI is critical to control and prevent this infection. This study reports the first application of the Molecular Beacon (MB)-based real-time PCR method in genotyping important C. difficile RTs of the main evolutionary clades. The cdtR gene was used as target and the cdtR sequences were analyzed after extraction from deposited genomes or were obtained after sequencing from strains of different origin. cdtR alleles were identified after sequence comparisons and MB-based real-time PCR assays were developed to discriminate them. In total, 550 cdtR sequences were compared, 38 SNPs were found, and five different cdtR alleles were identified. In total, one or two alleles were associated to the RTs grouped in the same evolutionary clade. A MB-based real-time assay was designed for each allele and for optimized testing of the C. difficile strains. The results obtained demonstrated that the MB-based real-time PCR assays developed in this study represent a powerful, original, and versatile tool to identify C. difficile types/clades and to monitor changes in the population structure of this important pathogen.
Functional Photocatalysts: Material Design, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Ju Lin
Published: March 2024

Rapid industrial and economic growth, experienced on a global scale, has been greatly facilitated by the extensive use and exploitation of traditional energy resources [...]
Ganoderma lucidum-Derived Meroterpenoids Show Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro
Authors: Liu Yun-Yun , Cai Dan , Tang Xin-Ping , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: March 2024

Ganoderma lucidum, known as the “herb of spiritual potency”, is used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases, but the responsible constituents for its therapeutic effects are largely unknown. For the purpose of obtaining insight into the chemical and biological profiling of meroterpenoids in G. lucidum, various chromatographic approaches were utilized for the title fungus. As a result, six undescribed meroterpenoids, chizhienes A–F (1–6), containing two pairs of enantiomers (4 and 5), were isolated. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic and computational methods. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were evaluated by Western blot analysis in LPS-induced macrophage cells (RAW264.7), showing that 1 and 3 could dose dependently inhibit iNOS but not COX-2 expression. Further, 1 and 3 were found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production using the Greiss reagent test. The current study will aid in enriching the structural and biological diversity of Ganoderma-derived meroterpenoids.
Dyeing of Tussah Silk with Reactive Dyes: Dye Selection, Dyeing Conditions, Dye Fixation Characteristics, and Comparison with Mulberry Silk
Authors: Yu Yingjie , Tang Rencheng
Published: March 2024

Tussah silk is one of the most widely used wild silks. It is usually dyed with acid dyes, despite the shortcoming of poor wet fastness. Reactive dyeing is a good solution to this problem. In our work, sulfatoethylsulfone (SES), sulfatoethylsulfone/monochlorotriazine (SES/MCT), monochlorotriazine (MCT), and bis(monochlorotriazine) (Bis(MCT)) dyes were used to dye tussah silk. All of these dyes showed lower exhaustion and fixation on tussah silk than on mulberry silk under alkaline conditions. Among them, SES dyes were more applicable, with a fixation of 70–85% (at 4%owf dye) at 90 °C when using sodium bicarbonate as an alkali. SES dyes also showed a rapid fixation speed. The dyeing of tussah silk required lower sodium bicarbonate dosage, the use of more neutral electrolytes, and a higher dye quantity to achieve deep effects compared to mulberry silk. Dyed tussah silk displayed lower apparent color depth and brilliance than dyed mulberry silk. The neutral boiling dyeing of tussah silk with SES dyes exhibited higher exhaustion, higher fixation (82–92% at 4%owf dye), and a slower fixation speed compared with alkaline dyeing. Furthermore, in this dyeing method, SES dyes showed higher and more efficient fixation on tussah silk than on mulberry silk. All dyed tussah silk had excellent color fastness to soaping.
Vitamin D3 Bioaccessibility from Supplements and Foods—Gastric pH Effect Using a Static In Vitro Gastrointestinal Model
Authors: Pasidi Evangelia , Vareltzis Patroklos
Published: March 2024

Vitamin D3 deficiency is a global phenomenon, which can be managed with supplementation and food fortification. However, vitamin D3 bioaccessibility may depend on factors such as matrix composition and interactions throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This research focused on the effect of different matrices on vitamin D3 content during digestion, as well as the effect of pH on its bioaccessibility. The INFOGEST protocol was employed to simulate digestion. Three different types of commercial supplements, two foods naturally rich in vitamin D3, and three fortified foods were investigated. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to determine the initial vitamin D3 content in the supplements and foods, as well as after each digestion stage. The results indicate that the foods exhibited higher bioaccessibility indices compared to the supplements and a higher percentage retention at the end of the gastric phase. The pH study revealed a positive correlation between an increased gastric pH and the corresponding content of vitamin D3. Interestingly, exposing the matrix to a low pH during the gastric phase resulted in an increased intestinal content of D3. Vitamin D3 is more bioaccessible from foods than supplements, and its bioaccessibility is susceptible to changes in gastric pH. Fasting conditions (i.e., gastric pH = 1) enhance the vitamin’s bioaccessibility.
Optically Pure Calixarenyl Phosphine via Stereospecific Alkylation on Evans’ Oxazolidinone Moiety
Authors: Bauder Claude , Sémeril David
Published: March 2024

A convenient protocol for the synthesis of 25,26,27-tribenzoyl-28-[((S)-1-diphenylphos- phanyl-propan-2-yl)oxy]-calix[4]arene via stereospecific methylation on Evans’ oxazolidinone moiety was reported. According to the 13C NMR analysis of this phosphine, the calix[4]arene skeleton adopted a 1,3-alternate conformation. The latter conformation of the macrocycle and the (S)-chirality of the carbon atom bearing the methyl substituent were confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. After coordination of the phosphinated ligand to the dimeric [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 organometallic precursor, the resulting arene–ruthenium complex was tested in the asymmetric reduction of acetophenone and alcohol was obtained with modest enantiomeric excess.
Corrosion Inhibition of Expired Cefazolin Drug on Copper Metal in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Solution: Practical and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Alsaiari Raiedhah A. , Kamel Medhat M. , Mohamed Mervate M.
Published: March 2024

In this work, we studied the corrosion of Cu metal in 0.5 mol L−1 HCl and the inhibition effect of the expired Cefazolin drug. The inhibition efficiency (IE) of Cefazolin varied according to its concentration in solution. As the Cefazolin concentration increased to 300 ppm, the IE increased to 87% at 298 K and decreased to 78% as the temperature increased to 318 K. The expired drug functioned as a mixed–type inhibitor. The adsorption of the drug on the copper surface followed Temkin’s adsorption model. The magnitudes of the standard free energy change (ΔGoads) and adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads) indicated the spontaneous nature and exothermicity of the adsorption process. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques showed that the drug molecules were strongly attached to the Cu surface. The electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results were in good agreement with the results of the weight loss (WL) method. The density functional tight–binding (DFTB) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results indicated that the expired drug bound to the copper surface through the lone pair of electrons of the heteroatoms as well as the π-electrons of the tetrazole ring. The adsorption energy between the drug and copper metal was –459.38 kJ mol−1.
Exploring the Biological and Phytochemical Potential of Jordan’s Flora: A Review and Update of Eight Selected Genera from Mediterranean Region
Authors: Alruwad Manal I. , Salah El Dine Riham , Gendy Abdallah M. , Sabry Manal M. , El Hefnawy Hala M.
Published: March 2024

Jordan’s flora is known for its rich diversity, with a grand sum of 2978 plant species that span 142 families and 868 genera across four different zones. Eight genera belonging to four different plant families have been recognized for their potential natural medicinal properties within the Mediterranean region. These genera include Chrysanthemum L., Onopordum Vaill. Ex. L., Phagnalon Cass., and Senecio L. from the Asteraceae family, in addition to Clematis L. and Ranunculus L. from the Ranunculaceae family, Anchusa L. from the Boraginaceae family, and Eryngium L. from the Apiaceae family. The selected genera show a wide variety of secondary metabolites with encouraging pharmacological characteristics including antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and neuroprotective actions. Further research on these genera and their extracts will potentially result in the formulation of novel and potent natural pharmaceuticals. Overall, Jordan’s rich flora provides a valuable resource for exploring and discovering new plant-based medicines.
1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose: A Novel Potent Anti-Helicobacter pylori Adhesion Agent Derived from Aqueous Extracts of Terminalia chebula Retz
Authors: Ou Ling , Zhu Zhixiang , Hao Yajie , Li Qingwei , Liu Hengrui , Chen Qingchang , Peng Chang , Zhang Chuqiu , Zou Yuanjing , Jia Junwei , Li Hui , Wang Yanhua , Su Bingmei , Lai Yuqian , Chen Meiyun , Chen Haobo , Feng Zhong , Zhang Guimin , Yao Meicun
Published: March 2024

1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose is a natural compound that can be extracted from the aqueous extracts of ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz, commonly known as “Haritaki”. The potential anti-Helicobacter pylori (HP) activity of this compound has not been extensively studied or confirmed in scientific research. This compound was isolated using a semi-preparative liquid chromatography (LC) system and identified through Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–MS/MS (UPLC-MS/MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Its role was evaluated using Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay, scanning electron microscope (SEM), inhibiting kinetics curves, urea fast test, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Western blot, and Griess Reagent System. Results showed that this compound effectively inhibits the growth of HP strain ATCC 700392, damages the HP structure, and suppresses the Cytotoxin-associated gene A (Cag A) protein, a crucial factor in HP infection. Importantly, it exhibits selective antimicrobial activity without impacting normal epithelial cells GES-1. In vitro studies have revealed that 1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose acts as an anti-adhesive agent, disrupting the adhesion of HP to host cells, a critical step in HP infection. These findings underscore the potential of 1,3,6-Trigalloylglucose as a targeted therapeutic agent against HP infections.
Synthesis of Benzofuro[3,2-b]indol-3-one Derivatives via Dearomative (3 + 2) Cycloaddition of 2-Nitrobenzofurans and para-Quinamines
Authors: Yuan Wei-Cheng , Zeng Hai-Ying , Zhang Yan-Ping , Zhao Jian-Qiang , You Yong , Yin Jun-Qing , Zhou Ming-Qiang , Wang Zhen-Hua
Published: March 2024

An efficient dearomative (3 + 2) cycloaddition of para-quinamines and 2-nitrobenzofurans has been developed. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and affords a series of benzofuro[3,2-b]indol-3-one derivatives in good to excellent yields (up to 98%) with perfect diastereoselectivities (all cases > 20:1 dr). The scale-up synthesis and versatile derivatizations demonstrate the potential synthetic application of the protocol. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed to account for the observed reaction process. This work represents the first instance of the N-triggered dearomative (3 + 2) cycloaddition of 2-nitrobenzofurans.
A Comprehensive Study of Al2O3 Mechanical Behavior Using Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Fathalian Mostafa , Postek Eligiusz , Tahani Masoud , Sadowski Tomasz
Published: March 2024

This study comprehensively investigates Al2O3′s mechanical properties, focusing on fracture toughness, surface energy, Young’s modulus, and crack propagation. The density functional theory (DFT) is employed to model the vacancies in Al2O3, providing essential insights into this material’s structural stability and defect formation. The DFT simulations reveal a deep understanding of vacancy-related properties and their impact on mechanical behavior. In conjunction with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the fracture toughness and crack propagation in Al2O3 are explored, offering valuable information on material strength and durability. The surface energy of Al2O3 is also assessed using DFT, shedding light on its interactions with the surrounding environment. The results of this investigation highlight the significant impact of oxygen vacancies on mechanical characteristics such as ultimate strength and fracture toughness, drawing comparisons with the effects observed in the presence of aluminum vacancies. Additionally, the research underscores the validation of fracture toughness outcomes derived from both DFT and MD simulations, which align well with findings from established experimental studies. Additionally, the research underscores the validation of fracture toughness outcomes derived from DFT and MD simulations, aligning well with findings from established experimental studies. The combination of DFT and MD simulations provides a robust framework for a comprehensive understanding of Al2O3′s mechanical properties, with implications for material science and engineering applications.
Catalysts of Healing: A Symphony of Synthesis and Clinical Artistry in Small-Molecule Agents for Breast Cancer Alleviation
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhu Bi-Yue , Niu Zhen-Xi
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer, characterized by its molecular intricacy, has witnessed a surge in targeted therapeutics owing to the rise of small-molecule drugs. These entities, derived from cutting-edge synthetic routes, often encompassing multistage reactions and chiral synthesis, target a spectrum of oncogenic pathways. Their mechanisms of action range from modulating hormone receptor signaling and inhibiting kinase activity, to impeding DNA damage repair mechanisms. Clinical applications of these drugs have resulted in enhanced patient survival rates, reduction in disease recurrence, and improved overall therapeutic indices. Notably, certain molecules have showcased efficacy in drug-resistant breast cancer phenotypes, highlighting their potential in addressing treatment challenges. The evolution and approval of small-molecule drugs have ushered in a new era for breast cancer therapeutics. Their tailored synthetic pathways and defined mechanisms of action have augmented the precision and efficacy of treatment regimens, paving the way for improved patient outcomes in the face of this pervasive malignancy. The present review embarks on a detailed exploration of small-molecule drugs that have secured regulatory approval for breast cancer treatment, emphasizing their clinical applications, synthetic pathways, and distinct mechanisms of action.
Generation of Trophoblast Organoids from Chorionic Villus Sampling
Authors: van Rijn Bas , Van Opstal Diane , van Koetsveld Nicole , Knapen Maarten , Gribnau Joost , Schäffers Olivier
Published: March 2024

Studying human placental development and function presents significant challenges due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining and maintaining placental tissue throughout the course of an ongoing pregnancy. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for generating trophoblast organoids from chorionic villi obtained during ongoing pregnancy. Our method results in efficient generation of trophoblast organoids from chorionic villus sampling, does not require preselection of chorionic villi, and controls contamination of decidual gland organoids. The resulting trophoblast organoids spontaneously form syncytiotrophoblasts that start secreting hCG hormone amongst other placenta-specific factors. Our approach facilitates the generation of trophoblast organoids from a variety of genetic backgrounds, including trisomies and gene mutations, and can be aligned with prenatal diagnostic routines. The protocol requires up to 14 days and can be carried out by users with expertise in cell culture.
Transcriptome Analyses in Adult Olive Trees Indicate Acetaldehyde Release and Cyanide-Mediated Respiration Traits as Critical for Tolerance against Xylella fastidiosa and Suggest AOX Gene Family as Marker for Multiple-Resilience
Authors: Arnholdt-Schmitt Birgit , Sircar Debabrata , Aziz Shahid , Germano Thais Andrade , Thiers Karine Leitão Lima , Noceda Carlos , Bharadwaj Revuru , Mohanapriya Gunasekaran , Costa José Hélio
Published: March 2024

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a global bacterial threat for a diversity of plants, including olive trees. However, current understanding of host responses upon Xf-infection is limited to allow early disease prediction, diagnosis, and sustainable strategies for breeding on plant tolerance. Recently, we identified a major complex trait for early de novo programming, named CoV-MAC-TED, by comparing early transcriptome data during plant cell survival with SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells. This trait linked ROS/RNS balancing during first hours of stress perception with increased aerobic fermentation connected to alpha-tubulin-based cell restructuration and control of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, our group had advanced concepts and strategies for breeding on plant holobionts. Here, we studied tolerance against Xf-infection by applying a CoV-MAC-TED-related gene set to (1) progress proof-of-principles, (2) highlight the importance of individual host responses for knowledge gain, (3) benefit sustainable production of Xf-threatened olive, (4) stimulate new thinking on principle roles of secondary metabolite synthesis and microbiota for system equilibration and, (5) advance functional marker development for resilience prediction including tolerance to Xf-infections. We performed hypothesis-driven complex analyses in an open access transcriptome of primary target xylem tissues of naturally Xf-infected olive trees of the Xf-tolerant cv. Leccino and the Xf-susceptible cv. Ogliarola. The results indicated that cyanide-mediated equilibration of oxygen-dependent respiration and carbon-stress alleviation by the help of increased glycolysis-driven aerobic fermentation paths and phenolic metabolism associate to tolerance against Xf. Furthermore, enhanced alternative oxidase (AOX) transcript levels through transcription Gleichschaltung linked to quinic acid synthesis appeared as promising trait for functional marker development. Moreover, the results support the idea that fungal endophytes strengthen Xf-susceptible genotypes, which lack efficient AOX functionality. Overall, this proof-of-principles approach supports the idea that efficient regulation of the multi-functional AOX gene family can assist selection on multiple-resilience, which integrates Xf-tolerance, and stimulates future validation across diverse systems.
Record-High Efficiency Speckle Suppression in Multimode Fibers Using Cascaded Cylindrical Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Yang Ningning , Li Zhicheng , Li Fanghao , Lang Tingting , Guan Xiaowei
Published: March 2024

We present a technique that utilizes cascaded resonant cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics and multimode optical fibers wound around them to effectively mitigate laser speckle. By precisely driving the ceramics at their resonant frequencies and inducing comprehensive mode scrambling within the multimode fiber, we achieve a remarkable speckle suppression efficiency of up to 94%. To the best of our knowledge, this sets a new benchmark among various methods aimed at suppressing the speckle of a coherent light. Our study thoroughly explores variables influencing efficiency, including the cascading number of piezoelectric ceramics, driving voltage, fiber core diameter, and more. This method has significant promise for diverse applications that require efficient and fast control of speckle contrast.
Scalar QED Model for Polarizable Particles in Thermal Equilibrium or in Hyperbolic Motion in Vacuum
Authors: Sinha Kanu , Milonni Peter W.
Published: March 2024

We consider a scalar QED (quantum electrodynamics) model for the frictional force and the momentum fluctuations of a polarizable particle in thermal equilibrium with radiation or in hyperbolic motion in a vacuum. In the former case the loss of particle kinetic energy due to the frictional force is compensated by the increase in kinetic energy associated with the momentum diffusion, resulting in the Planck distribution when it is assumed that the average kinetic energy satisfies the equipartition theorem. For hyperbolic motion in vacuum the frictional force and the momentum diffusion are similarly consistent with an equilibrium with a Planckian distribution at the temperature T=ℏa/2πkBc. The quantum fluctuations of the momentum imply that it is only the average acceleration a that is constant when the particle is subject to a constant applied force.
Responses in Plant Growth and Root Exudates of Pistia stratiotes under Zn and Cu Stress
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhang Pan , Yang Canhua , Guo Yibai , Gao Panpan , Wang Tong , Liu Yu , Xu Lina , Zhou Gongke
Published: March 2024

At present, the situation regarding heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments is becoming more and more serious. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic plants causes obvious phytotoxicity, which can also induce secondary pollution in the aquatic environment. Zinc and copper, as indispensable elements for plant growth, are also prominent heavy metals in water pollution in China, and their concentrations play a crucial role in plant growth. In this study, we investigated the response of Pistia stratiotes (P. stratiotes) to different concentrations of Zn and Cu, and the results showed that plant growth and photosynthesis were inhibited under both Zn (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) and Cu (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg/L) stresses. The relative growth rates of P. stratiotes under 8 mg/L Zn or 1 mg/L Cu stress were 6.33% and 6.90%, which were much lower than those in the control group (10.86%). Meanwhile, Zn and Cu stress caused insignificant change in the relative water contents of plants. The decrease in phlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll contents suggested the significant photoinhibition of Zn and Cu stress. Chemical analysis of plant root exudates showed that the root secretion species obtained by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) mainly included amino acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, and more. Compared with the control group, the influence of Zn or Cu on the reduction in relative amounts of exudates was greater than that on the increase. The results of this study provide important data for the utilization of P. stratiotes in heavy metal-polluted water environments.