bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction‐Induced Self‐Propelled Oscillatory Motion of Perylenediimides on Water
Authors: Holstein Lara Rae , Suematsu Nobuhiko J. , Takeuchi Masayuki , Harano Koji , Banno Taisuke , Takai Atsuro
Published: July 2024

The emergence of macroscopic self‐propelled oscillatory motion based on molecular design has attracted continual attention in relation to autonomous systems in living organisms. Herein, a series of perylenediimides (PDIs) with various imide side chains was prepared to explore the impact of molecular design and alignment on the self‐propelled motion at the air‐water interface. When placed on an aqueous solution containing a reductant, a solid disk of neutral PDI was reduced to form the water‐soluble, surface‐active PDI dianion species, which induces a surface tension gradient in the vicinity of the disk for self‐propelled motion. We found that centimeter‐scale oscillatory motion could be elicited by controlling the supply rate of PDI dianion species through the reductant concentration and the structure of the imide side chains. Furthermore, we found that the onset and speed of the self‐propelled motion could be changed by the crystallinity of PDI at the water surface. This design principle using π‐conjugated molecules and their self‐assemblies could advance self‐propelled, non‐equilibrium systems powered by chemical energy.
Targeted synthesis, structural elucidation, density functional theory, and molecular docking studies of transition metal(II)/(III) complexes of levofloxacin‐based Schiff base for promising their antioxidant and antibacterial applications
Authors: Deghadi Reem G. , Moustafa Bassant S. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Sayed Fatma N.
Published: July 2024

Levofloxacin and 4‐aminoantipyrine undergo a condensation process to synthesize a novel Schiff base ligand (L). Metal complexes containing Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), and Fe(III) metal ions are prepared using this Schiff base ligand. The new ligand and its complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible, magnetic moment, 1H‐NMR, molar conductivity, and powder X‐ray diffraction, and further thermogravimetric analysis (TG, DTA) verifies their thermal stability. The metal to ligand ratio is 1:1, according to the analytical results. Spectroscopic methods reveal that metal complexes are expected to have an octahedral geometry and demonstrate a neutral tridentate ligand behavior. It also becomes apparent from the molar conductivity values that all metal complexes are electrolytic in nature except zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes which are non‐electrolytes. Moreover, the bioactivity of the compounds are investigated. The antibacterial activity is investigated in relation to various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results give good indication for higher activity of the prepared compounds than the standard antibiotic drug. Also, the antioxidant activity of the newly prepared ligand and its complexes has been investigated via 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The findings show that Schiff base complexes exhibit good antioxidant activity. Finally, theoretical density functional theory using density functional theory/B3LYP method and molecular docking studies with two receptors of 3T88 and 3Q8U are calculated for the investigated compounds.
A Comprehensive Review of CO2 Hydrogenation into Formate/Formic Acid Catalyzed by Whole Cell Bacteria
Authors: Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Afrin Sadia , Hossain Saddam , Yoon Ki‐Seok
Published: July 2024

The increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, primarily due to the use of fossil fuels, pose a significant threat to the environment and necessitate urgent action to mitigate climate change. Carbon capture and utilization technologies that can convert CO2 into economically valuable compounds have gained attention as potential solutions. Among these technologies, biocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation using bacterial whole cells shows promise for the efficient conversion of CO2 into formate, a valuable chemical compound. Although it was discovered nearly a century ago, comprehensive reviews focusing on the utilization of whole‐cell bacteria as the biocatalyst in this area remain relatively limited. Therefore, this review provides an analysis of the progress, strategies, and key findings in this field. It covers the use of living cells, resting cells, or genetically modified bacteria as biocatalysts to convert CO2 into formate, either naturally or with the integration of electrochemical and protochemical techniques as sources of protons and electrons. By consolidating the current knowledge in this field, this review article aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the recent progress, challenges, and potential applications of bacterial whole cell catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation into formate.
Microbial synthesis of gallic acid and its glucoside β‐glucogallin
Authors: Guo Jiao , Ren Xiang , Lu Liangyu , An Ning , Li Shuwei , Geng Mingjie , Li Geng , Shen Xiaolin , Sun Xinxiao , Wang Jia , Yuan Qipeng
Published: July 2024

Gallic acid (GA) and β‐glucogallin (BGG) are natural products with diverse uses in pharmaceutical, food, chemical and cosmetic industries. They are valued for their wide‐ranging properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Despite their significant importance, microbial production of GA and BGG faces challenges such as limited titers and yields, along with the incomplete understanding of BGG biosynthesis pathways in microorganisms. To address these challenges, we developed a recombinant Escherichia coli strain capable of efficiently producing GA. Our approach involved screening efficient pathway enzymes, integrating biosynthetic pathway genes into the genome while balancing carbon flux via adjusting expression levels, and strengthening the shikimate pathway to remove bottlenecks. The resultant strain achieved impressive results, producing 51.57 g/L of GA with a carbon yield of 0.45 g/g glucose and a productivity of 1.07 g/L/h. Furthermore, we extended this microbial platform to biosynthesize BGG by screening GA 1‐O‐glucosyltransferase, leading to the de novo production of 92.42 mg/L of BGG. This work establishes an efficient chassis for producing GA at an industrial level and provides a microbial platform for generating GA derivatives.
Optimizing virus filtration for continuous processing using serial filtration at high area ratio
Authors: Giglia Sal , Cacace Ben , McCoskey Jacob , Tierson Matthew , Carbrello Christina , Miller Corinne , Hersey Joseph
Published: July 2024

Compared to batch operation, continuous bioprocessing can offer numerous advantages, including increased productivity, improved process control, reduced footprint, and increased flexibility. However, integration of traditional batch operations into a connected process can be challenging. In contrast to batch operations run at constant pressure or high flux, virus filtration in continuous processes may be operated at very low flux. This change in operating conditions may reduce the viral retention performance of the filter which has inhibited adoption of truly continuous virus filtration. To overcome this limitation, a novel approach is described that utilizes serial virus filtration, with a high area ratio between first to second stage filters, to achieve virus retention targets. In this study, virus filters were operated continuously (except for planned process interruptions) for 200 h in a serial configuration at a first to second stage filter area ratio of 13:1 and at a first stage flux of 5 L/m2/h. While the minute virus of mice (MVM) retention performance of the first stage filter was about 4 log reduction value (LRV), there was no virus detected in the second stage filtrate, translating to an MVM LRV across the filtration train of ≥6.7. The second stage filter was the dominant flow resistance at the start of the run but, as it was protected from foulants by the first stage filter, it suffered minimal fouling and the life of the filter train was controlled by the first stage. A theoretical case study projected that continuous virus filtration using serial configuration at high area ratio would have about 30% longer filter changeout time, 14% higher productivity, and virus retention nearly six LRV greater than single stage operation. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights into optimizing virus filtration in continuous bioprocessing.
Chemical Profiling and Cytotoxicity Activity of Essential Oil from Artemisia Maritima Collected through Four Different Wild Locations of Lahaul Valley in Indian Western Himalaya
Authors: Pathania Vijaylata , Vashisath Sachin , Bhardwaj Rishabh , Kapoor Smita , Kumar Dinesh
Published: July 2024

This research leads to the analysis of quality parameters and chemical profiles of Artemisia maritima essential oils (EOs) extracted from four different wild areas viz: Darcha, Jispa, Gemur and Tandi of Lahaul valley of Indian western Himalaya in comparison to a market sample. The EOs content was found higher in Darcha (0.54 %) and Jispa (0.48 %). The quality parameters such as color, odor, density, refractive index and optical rotations were found comparable with the market sample. Further, volatile chemo‐profile of EOs was generated using GC/GC‐MS. A total of 34 metabolites were identified in five samples (n=3) that account around 87.3–95.1 % of the total oils. These EOs majorly contained monoterpene hydrocarbons (3.0–68.5 %) and oxygenated monoterpenes (26.6–85.0 %) with β‐myrcene (9.8–20.6 %), α‐terpinene (0.7–17.3 %), β‐phellandrene (1.5–22.4 %), 1,8‐cineole (3.0–50.8 %), terpinen‐4‐ol (2.5–7.2 %), ascaridole (11.5 %), bornyl acetate (5.1–14.2 %), trans‐sabinyl acetate (0.8–49.6) and trans‐ascaridole (7.9 %). Moreover, cytotoxicity study of EOs against CaCo2 and HT‐29 human colon carcinoma cell lines unveiled significant anticancer potential of A. maritima. AMD (82.87±0.39 %) AMG (61.17±1.45 %) and AMM (73.37±2.1 %) showed comparable activity at 600 μg/ml (72 hr) in comparisons to vinblastine (20 μM). A. maritima is less explored as compared to other species and could be a new potential source for EOs and anticancer candidate.
Overexpression of EGFL7 promotes angiogenesis and nerve regeneration in peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Hao Zengtao , Huo Zhiqi , Aixin‐Jueluo Qicheng , Wu Tao , Chen Yihong
Published: July 2024

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often leads to significant functional impairment. Here, we investigated the impact of epidermal growth factor‐like domain‐containing protein 7 (EGFL7) on angiogenesis and nerve regeneration following PNI. Using a sciatic nerve injury model, we assessed nerve function using the sciatic nerve function index. We analyzed the expression levels of EGFL7, forkhead box proteins A1 (FOXA1), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), Neurofilament 200 (NF200), myelin protein zero (P0), cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and NOTCH‐related proteins in tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated through cell counting kit assays, 5‐ethynyl‐2′deoxyuridine staining, and Transwell assays. We investigated the binding of FOXA1 to the EGFL7 promoter using dual‐luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We observed decreased EGFL7 expression and increased FOXA1 expression in PNI, and EGFL7 overexpression alleviated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy, increased muscle weight, and improved motor function. Additionally, EGFL7 overexpression enhanced Schwann cell and endothelial cell proliferation and migration, promoted tube formation, and upregulated NGF, BDNF, NF200, P0, CD31, and VEGF expression. FOXA1 was found to bind to the EGFL7 promoter region, inhibiting EGFL7 expression and activating the NOTCH signaling pathway. Notably, FOXA1 overexpression counteracted the effects of EGFL7 on Schwann cells and endothelial cells. In conclusion, EGFL7 holds promise as a therapeutic molecule for treating sciatic nerve injury.
Optimizing delignification and saccharification process for sawdust processing using a central composite design
Authors: Yadav Priya , Kring Julie , Gogate Parag R.
Published: July 2024

Lignocellulosic mass consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Although biomass promises to be efficiently used for biofuel production and many other value‐added products, lignin present in lignocellulosic biomass affects the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, making it necessary to develop techniques that provide better lignin removal efficiency and high cellulose hydrolysability. The current work aims to maximize lignin removal in sawdust and develop an understanding of the hydrolysis of pretreated biomass for sugar production. Different parameters such as solvent to solid ratio, temperature, and reaction time have been considered based on the design of experiment to understand the effect on the delignification and saccharification processes. After treating sawdust for 1.5 h, it was observed that a maximum of 85% lignin was removed at a temperature of 131°C and solid loading of 16 g. Subsequent hydrolysis of delignified sawdust at 131°C temperature, solvent to solid ratio 15, and 0.5 h resulted in a maximum reducing sugar production of 26.82 mg/mL. The study elucidated the optimum conditions for the effective processing of sawdust in terms of delignification and saccharification, leading to maximum benefits in lignin removal and sugar production.
Revisiting the effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioural therapy for reducing reoffending in the criminal justice system: A systematic review
Authors: Smith Andrew , Roberts Anton , Krzemieniewska‐Nandwani Karolina , Eggins Elizabeth , Cook Will , Fox Chris , Maruna Shadd , Wallace Stephanie , Szifris Kirstine
Published: July 2024

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The proposed systematic review is an update to, and extension of, Lipsey et al. (2007). As such we build on their previous aims to: (i) Assess and synthesise the overall impact of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on offender recidivism; (ii) Examine possible sources of variability in the effectiveness of CBT. Data permitting, we will examine if the effectiveness of CBT varies by: (a) Characteristics of the CBT intervention (e.g., cognitive restructuring vs. cognitive skills training, group v. individual implementation; and/or custodial v. community setting, and/or), (b) Characteristics of the population (e.g., juveniles vs. adult offenders), (c) Implementation factors (e.g., implementing practitioner, use of structured/manualised approaches, delivery mode, and/or programme duration or intensity), (d) Evaluation methods (e.g., randomised vs. non‐randomised research designs); (iv) Determine whether there is a decline in the effect of CBT on recidivism over time; and (v) Investigate whether there is an interaction between implementation factors and time in terms of the effect on recidivism.
A Systematic Review of Momentary Social Predictors of Positive Psychosis Experiences
Authors: Irwin Leanne , Udachina Alisa , Bell Tobyn , Carter Lesley‐Anne , Handerer Fritz , Berry Katherine
Published: July 2024

Background

Social factors can play an important role in the development and maintenance of psychosis. Clarifying this relationship is vital for advancing theoretical understanding and development of targeted interventions. Psychosis is increasingly researched with an experience sampling methodology (ESM), which provides an ecologically valid approach, that reduces recall biases. Studies examining momentary associations between social factors and psychosis have not yet been summarised.

Method

We identified 29 ESM studies investigating associations between social factors and positive psychotic experiences through a pre‐registered systematic search of the published literature.

Results

Being alone did not predict increase in psychosis; however, appraisals and feelings associated with being alone such as feeling socially disconnected, lonely and unwanted did. Being with familiar company was found to reduce psychosis experiences but feeling stressed by the current company increased psychosis.

Conclusions

While issues with sample size and generalisability mean these results should be interpreted with caution, some putative conclusions can be made. Individuals with psychosis or emerging symptoms should be offered interventions that improve social networks such as peer support, community participation and engagement skills training. These individuals may also benefit from virtual reality or compassion‐based interventions which aim to dampen perceived social threat. Moreover, digital interventions which monitor changes in social variables that predict relapse in symptoms would allow early intervention to prevent mental health crises.
Detuning analysis and power tracking of dual‐ended resonant circuit based on improved variable‐step perturbation observation for wireless power transfer system
Authors: Li Jiangui , Luo Guangbin , Wang Longyang , Si Qinghe , Peng Yinchong , Guo Zheyuan
Published: July 2024

A power tracking method based on improved variable‐step perturbation observation approach has been proposed in this paper. This method is aimed at addressing the detuning issues caused by capacitor parameter drift in MCR‐WPT systems based on S‐S compensation circuits. Compared with traditional tuning methods, the proposed method has fast response, high accuracy, low complexity, and less prone to over‐tracking. Firstly, a mathematical model of the system based on the detuning factor has been established. Secondly, the impact of different detuning conditions on the system at the initial resonant frequency has been studied. Thirdly, the response characteristics of the system to different frequencies under different detuning conditions have been studied. Fourthly, based on the above researches, an improved variable‐step perturbation observation method based on the single‐step power drop factor has been proposed. Finally, an experimental platform was constructed, and relevant experiments were conducted. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of power tracking under different detuning conditions, with the lowest transmission efficiency being 81.51%.
A benefit–risk analysis for biological control introductions based on the protection of native biodiversity
Authors: Heimpel George E. , Abram Paul K. , Causton Charlotte E. , Celis Sabrina L. , Coll Moshe , Hardy Ian C. W. , Mangel Marc , Mills Nicholas J. , Segoli Michal
Published: July 2024

The release of biological control agents has been an important means of controlling invasive species for over 150 years. While these releases have led to the sustainable control of over 250 invasive pest and weed species worldwide, a minority have caused environmental harm. A growing recognition of the risks of biological control led to a focus on risk assessment beginning in the 1990s along with a precipitous decline in releases. While this new focus greatly improved the safety of biological control, it came at the cost of lost opportunities to solve environmental problems associated with invasive species. A framework that incorporates benefits and risks of biological control is thus needed to understand the net environmental effects of biological control releases. We introduce such a framework, using native biodiversity as the common currency for both benefits and risks. The model is based on interactions among four categories of organisms: (1) the biological control agent, (2) the invasive species (pest or weed) targeted by the agent, (3) one or more native species that stand to benefit from the control of the target species, and (4) one or more native species that are at risk of being harmed by the released biological control agent. Conservation values of the potentially benefited and harmed native species are incorporated as well, and they are weighted according to three axes: vulnerability to extinction, the ecosystem services provided, and cultural significance. Further, we incorporate the potential for indirect risks to native species, which we consider will result mainly from the ecological process of agent enrichment that may occur if the agent exploits but does not control the target pest or weed. We illustrate the use of this framework by retrospectively analyzing the release of the vedalia beetle, Novius (= Rodolia) cardinalis, to control the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, in the Galapagos Islands. While the framework is particularly adaptable to biological control releases in natural areas, it can also be used in managed settings, where biological control protects native species through the reduction of pesticide use.
Population bottlenecks and sexual recombination shape diatom microevolution
Authors: Hay Mele Bruno , Ruggiero Maria Valeria , D'Alelio Domenico
Published: July 2024

Diatoms are single‐celled organisms that contribute approximately 20% of the global primary production and play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and trophic chains. Despite their ecological importance, our knowledge of microevolution is limited. We developed a model using the SLiM evolutionary framework to address this knowledge gap. As a reference, we used the diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata, which has been extensively studied in the Gulf of Naples. Our model recapitulates what we observe in natural populations, with microevolutionary processes that occur annually during a three‐stage bloom phase. Interestingly, we found that non‐bloom phases allow the population to maintain sex‐generated diversity produced during blooms. This finding suggests that non‐bloom phases are critical to counteract bloom‐related pressures and mitigate genetic divergence at the species level. Moreover, our model showed that despite the consistent genetic differentiation during bloom phases, the population tends to return to pre‐bloom states. While our model is limited to neutral dynamics, our study provides valuable insights into diatoms' microevolution, paving the way to explore the ecological implications of the life history dynamics of these organisms.
Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea
Authors: Golian Marek J. , Friedman Daniel A. , Harrison Mark , McMahon Dino P. , Buellesbach Jan
Published: July 2024

Eusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level.
Relation of general‐perceptual cognitive abilities and sport‐specific performance of young competitive soccer players
Authors: Schumacher Nils , Zaar Christoph , Kovar Jannik , Lahmann‐Lammert Lorenz , Wollesen Bettina
Published: July 2024

In soccer, skill is significantly influenced by motor skills and physical constitution. In addition, perceptual‐cognitive abilities are thought to affect sport‐specific performance. Nevertheless, there are hardly any studies investigating the relationship of general cognitive abilities with sport‐specific performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze relationships between general perceptual‐cognitive abilities and soccer‐specific performance in competitive youth sports. Thirty highly talented male youth soccer players aged 12–14 years completed various perceptual‐cognitive (selective attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, working memory, peripheral perception, and choice response) and sport‐specific on‐field tests. Cognitive abilities were assessed using a computer‐based test system. Soccer‐specific performance skills were evaluated by two sport‐specific on‐field tests. The relation between perceptual‐cognitive abilities and soccer‐specific performance was examined using a correlation analysis as well as a four‐stage regression analysis. Overall, the expression of general perceptual‐cognitive abilities was found to have an impact on performance in soccer‐specific test situations, particularly cognitive flexibility and selective attention. Our results suggest that general cognitive tests could be an important tool for the evaluation of cognitive abilities in soccer. This study brings together key approaches in expertise research and makes a significant contribution to a better understanding of expertise in soccer.
Use of genetic correlations to examine selection bias
Authors: Shapland Chin Yang , Gkatzionis Apostolos , Hemani Gibran , Tilling Kate
Published: July 2024

Observational studies are rarely representative of their target population because there are known and unknown factors that affect an individual's choice to participate (the selection mechanism). Selection can cause bias in a given analysis if the outcome is related to selection (conditional on the other variables in the model). Detecting and adjusting for selection bias in practice typically requires access to data on nonselected individuals. Here, we propose methods to detect selection bias in genetic studies by comparing correlations among genetic variants in the selected sample to those expected under no selection. We examine the use of four hypothesis tests to identify induced associations between genetic variants in the selected sample. We evaluate these approaches in Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we use these approaches in an applied example using data from the UK Biobank (UKBB). The proposed tests suggested an association between alcohol consumption and selection into UKBB. Hence, UKBB analyses with alcohol consumption as the exposure or outcome may be biased by this selection.
The effect of shareholder pressure on stakeholder interests: Evidence from corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Jiang Jiaoliang , Bao Hengmiao , Yang Shijie
Published: July 2024

Research on how shareholder pressure influences the interests of stakeholders has recently witnessed a sharp increase, but yields mixed findings. We revisit this question by investigating the impact of managers' attempts to meet or beat earnings expectations on corporate tax avoidance. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during 2005–2022, we find that firms with earnings pressure are more tax‐aggressive. Furthermore, such a higher level of tax avoidance due to earnings pressure is associated with higher real activity management. Cross‐sectional analysis shows that the effect of earnings pressure on tax avoidance is weaker among firms with better environment, society, and governance performance, but becomes more salient for state‐owned enterprises, firms with higher financial constraints, and during periods when local officials are devoid of incentives for career advancement. Taken together, our study sheds light on the consequences of shareholder pressure stemming from capital markets on corporate tax policies, and provides implications for enterprises and policymakers concerning taxation in emerging markets.
HucMSC extracellular vesicles increasing SATB 1 to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in 6‐OHDA‐induced Parkinson's disease model
Authors: He Ying , Li Ruicheng , Yu Yuxi , Xu Zhiran , Gao Jiaxin , Wang Cancan , Huang Chusheng , Qi Zhongquan
Published: July 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and damage of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, resulting in impaired motor functions. This study aims to investigate how extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC) regulate Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein‐1 (SATB 1) and influence Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and autophagy in PD model. The PD model was induced by damaging SH‐SY5Y cells and mice using 6‐OHDA. According to the study, administering EVs every other day for 14 days improved the motor behavior of 6‐OHDA‐induced PD mice and reduced neuronal damage, including dopaminergic neurons. Treatment with EVs for 12 hours increased the viability of 6‐OHDA‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells. The upregulation of SATB 1 expression with EV treatment resulted in the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in PD model and led to overexpression of β‐catenin. Meanwhile, the expression of LC3 II was decreased, indicating alterations in autophagy. In conclusion, EVs could mitigate neuronal damage in the 6‐OHDA‐induced PD model by upregulating SATB 1 and activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway while also regulating autophagy. Further studies on the potential therapeutic applications of EVs for PD could offer new insights and strategies.
Hallux valgus in preprofessional adolescent dancesport athletes: Prevalence and associated training factors
Authors: Liu Zijian , Okunuki Takumi , Yabiku Hiroki , Chen Shuo , Hoshiba Takuma , Maemichi Toshihiro , Li Yanshu , Kumai Tsukasa
Published: July 2024

Background

This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hallux valgus angle among preprofessional adolescent dancesport athletes.

Methods

A total of 275 athletes, (73 males and 202 females) aged between the ages of 11 and 18 years, participated in this study. A cross‐sectional questionnaire was used to survey their demographic characteristics (sex and age), training information (starting age, weekly training time, and athletic career [number of years of training at this specific dancesport school]), and measured their height and weight. The hallux valgus angle was measured based on foot photographs. The chi‐square test was used to compare the difference with prevalence of hallux valgus between male and female athletes. A normal distribution test was performed, and based on the test results, unpaired t‐test and multiple logistic regression were conducted to identify training factors for the hallux valgus in this cohort.

Results

Chi‐square test showed higher prevalence of hallux valgus in female elite adolescent dancesport athletes than males. The t‐test results did not show any significant differences between the hallux valgus group and non‐hallux valgus groups with start age, athletic career, and weekly training time. Multiple logistic regression analysis with hallux valgus as the dependent variable revealed that the female sex was a strong predictor of a higher prevalence of hallux valgus (odds ratio [OR]: 3.954, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 2.193–7.131, and p < 0.001). Weekly training time was also entered into the multiple logistic regression model (OR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.001–1.067, and p = 0.041).

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that the prevalence of hallux valgus in adolescent dancesport athletes was higher in females than in males. Longer weekly training time was also a risk factor for hallux valgus. Training factors should be considered in preventive programs for elite adolescent dancesport athletes, and special attention should be paid to female athletes.
Stigmatizing and affirming provider language in medical records on hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder
Authors: Hirshman Rachel , Hamilton Shavone , Walker Melissa , Ellis Alan R. , Ivey Noel , Clifton Dana
Published: July 2024

Background

Stigma within the healthcare environment limits access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), even as OUD results in significant morbidity and mortality. Language in clinical documentation affects patient experience and future care through the transmission of stigma or positive regard. With the passage of the 21st Century Cures Act, patients have full access to their medical records online.

Objectives

The objective of our study was to understand providers' use of stigmatizing and affirming language in the electronic health record (EHR) for OUD patients with long hospital stays.

Methods

We selected patients with a first‐time referral to the Duke University Hospital OUD consult service who met diagnostic criteria for OUD with a hospital stay ≥28 days from July 2019 to February 2022. Two reviewers independently evaluated each admission and discharge note for stigmatizing or affirming language and the group met weekly to validate coding reliability.

Results

Forty‐eight patients (96 notes) met our inclusion criteria. We identified 434 occurrences of stigmatizing and 47 occurrences of affirming language. One‐third (34%) of stigmatizing language appeared in system‐generated fields (drop‐down categories and diagnosis codes) and the rest was authored by providers.

Conclusions

Stigmatizing language was present in both provider‐ and system‐generated language and was nine times more frequent than affirming language in the medical records of hospitalized patients with OUD. While provider education may reduce stigmatizing language, institutional level changes to the EHR and International Classification of Disease codes are necessary to decrease stigmatizing language within medical records.
Assessment tool items for addressing physician‐patient communication and reducing health care risk factors across multiple enterprise risk management domains
Authors: Narwal‐Kasmani Rawan , Stausmire Julie M. , McCarthy Kathleen A. , Buderer Nancy , Gutek Amanda , Ulrich Charla A.
Published: July 2024

Expertise in physician‐patient communication is a primary outcome measure for physicians. We evaluated residents’ communication behaviors with clinic patients following an educational intervention as measured by the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT). Thirty‐five internal medicine residents were assessed by patients using the CAT for 3 months before and after the educational intervention. The intervention included a simulated, videotaped patient encounter, mock CAT, and preceptor coaching during video review. The primary outcome was the percentage of CAT items receiving an “excellent” rating from patients before and after the intervention. Research results were compared to previously published CAT studies. Within‐resident improvement in the percentage of excellent ratings was small with median changes between 0 and 3 percentage points. Compared to previously published studies, similar results were found for the highest and lowest‐scored communication items. Many clinical encounters are time‐limited, and physicians do not pursue time‐consuming conversations that could reduce health care risk. This data and other published studies suggest seven communication items taking the most time to complete (i.e., shared decision‐making) were items demonstrating little or no improvement. This study identified clinical performance risk factors applicable to the Enterprise Risk Management Framework that could impact complication and readmission rates if addressed by changes in physician‐patient communication.
Neoadjuvant therapy reduces node positivity but does not confer survival benefit versus up‐front resection for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Chang Jenny , Woo Kimberly , Gross Abby , Naples Robert , Dahdaleh Fadi , Stackhouse Kathryn , Kim Jaekeun , Augustin Toms , Simon Robert , Joyce Daniel , Kwon David C. H. , Miller Charles , Walsh R. Matthew , Aucejo Federico , Naffouje Samer
Published: July 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) is a treatment option for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), though its impact on short‐term oncologic outcomes and long‐term survival remains relatively unknown.

Methods

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004 and 2019 was queried for patients with reportedly resectable (Stage I−IIIB) iCCA who received curative‐intent resection with lymphadenectomy. Propensity matching was performed between groups based on the use of NAST and groups were compared for overall survival (OS) and oncologic outcomes, including nodal harvest, rate of node positivity, rate of positive margins, and administration of adjuvant therapy.

Results

Two thousand and five hundred ninety‐six patients met inclusion criteria; 364 (14%) received NAST versus 1763 (68%) up‐front resection. After matching, 332 pairs of patients were matched between NAST and no NAST. Patients receiving NAST had a greater nodal harvest (OR = 1.26 [1.09−1.88]; p < 0.001) and a lower rate of node positivity (OR = 0.67 [0.49−0.63]; p < 0.001). Patients without NAST were more likely to complete adjuvant systemic therapy (OR = 0.45 [0.33−0.62]; p < 0.001). However, patients receiving NAST had no OS benefit after resection compared to those who did not receive NAST (median OS 48.3 ± 5.3 vs. 38.8 ± 3.7 months; p = 0.160). Node‐positive disease (OR = 2.10 [1.78−2.45]; p < 0.001) conferred the greatest risk for reduced OS followed by positive‐margin resection (OR = 1.42 [1.21−1.47]; p < 0.001) and increasing T‐stage (OR = 1.34 [1.21−1.47]; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

NAST for iCCA was associated with improved quality of oncologic resection but did not confer an OS benefit versus up‐front resection.
Exploring travel‐related perspectives and experiences of physical disability communities
Authors: Park Eunhye (Olivia) , Kim Sung‐Bum
Published: July 2024

Despite the growing demand for accessible tourism, there remains a lack of research on the travel perspectives and experiences of people with disabilities. Social media platforms, such as Reddit, provide unique opportunities to understand the perspectives and experiences of people with disabilities. This study aimed to investigate travel‐related perspectives and experiences of physical disability communities, including wheelchair, deaf, and blind communities, to provide implications for travel service providers and policymakers to improve the accessibility and inclusivity of travel services. Using structural topic modeling and network analysis, 12 prominent topics related to travel perspectives and experiences among physical disability communities were identified to map their relationships. Our study highlights the significance of understanding the unique perspectives, experiences, and needs of individuals with disabilities in the hospitality and tourism industry. It provides implications for improving the accessibility and inclusivity of travel services.
Femoral tunnel length does not impact outcomes following ACL reconstruction using a single‐bundle quadriceps tendon autograft: A systematic review
Authors: Bracken Tess , Veilleux Alexandre , Khalik Hassaan Abdel , Johnson Jansen , de SA Darren
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To determine whether femoral tunnel length (FTL) affects clinical or functional outcomes following primary Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with single‐bundle quadriceps tendon autograft, both with and without a patellar bone block.

Methods

An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was carried out via OVID. Data pertaining to study characteristics, patient demographics, surgical techniques, femoral tunnel length, and subjective/objective clinical outcomes was abstracted. Studies were stratified into two groups based on FTL; a short femoral tunnel (S‐FT) group of ≤25 mm, and a long femoral tunnel (L‐FT) group of >25 mm. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies, prohibiting meta‐analysis.

Results

Seven studies comprising 368 total patients with a mean age of 30.3 years (range: 23.4–34 years) were included for analysis. The S‐FT group included 126 patients and the L‐FT group 242 patients. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant postoperative improvements across both subjective and objective clinical and functional outcomes. Average complication rates were 11.9% (range: 0%–29%) in the S‐FT group and 4.5% (range: 1%–14%) in the L‐FT group. Ranges of re‐rupture rates were 0%–2% and 0%–3% for the S‐FT and L‐FT groups, respectively (n.s.).

Conclusion

Both S‐FT and L‐FT groups demonstrated comparable postoperative outcomes following primary ACLR with single bundle quadriceps tendon autograft. There were slightly superior, although non‐significant, outcomes reported with short femoral tunnel length, however, this may have been confounded by the variation in surgical technique used.

Level of evidence

IV.
Topologically Protected Single Edge Mode Lasing in Photonic Crystal Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Lattice with Directional Loss Control
Authors: Cheng Xiao‐Tian , Wang Ling‐Fang , Li Yuan‐Zhen , Hou Dai‐Bao , Yu Jia‐Wang , Li Chen‐Hui , Lin Xing , Liu Feng , Gao Fei , Jin Chao‐Yuan
Published: July 2024

Topological photonics is considered to be a robust and flexible platform for the design of nanophotonic devices against structural imperfections and performance degradation. Combining with parity‐time (PT) symmetry systems based on spatially distributed gain and loss, photonic crystal (PhC) lasers with micron‐size carrier reservoirs offer an ideal test bed for lasing mode competition and topological protection in nanophotonic structures. In this study, single topological edge mode (TEM) lasing is demonstrated in PhC lasers with a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger lattice comprised of coupled nanoresonators. By inducing directional loss control, a mode selection strategy is implemented, that achieves single TEM lasing with a side‐mode‐suppression ratio exceeding 30 dB. One of the TEMs exhibits remarkable robustness against local potential variation introduced by additional loss channels. This strategy integrating both topological protection and PT symmetry in nanophotonics would open up new prospects for the development of on‐chip single‐mode topological lasers unperturbed by output channels in nanophotonic integrated circuits.
Unpacking consumer reactions toward unexpected spoilage of organic versus conventional perishables
Authors: Ozcan Timucin , Hattat Ahmet M.
Published: July 2024

The retail industry greatly relies on perishable foods, which are integral to consumers' shopping routines. However, it remains unclear how consumers react to their spoilage. This study is an initial attempt to explore how consumers react to unexpected product spoilage of organic versus conventional food products and how their evaluations can lead to different emotional and behavioral outcomes. The investigation includes five studies specifically focused on whether organic or conventional foods elicit different consumer reactions toward spoilage. The results of these studies indicate that consumers exhibit attenuated emotional reactions toward organic product spoilage compared to conventional products. In contrast, food spoilage leads to higher levels of anger toward conventional products, resulting in negative behavioral intentions. Moreover, price is found to moderate the aforementioned conditional consumer reactions. In all, these findings have significant implications for retailers and manufacturers in designing and promoting their products to meet consumers' preferences and expectations.
Nursing students' perceptions of interaction in a multiplayer virtual reality simulation: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Piispanen Niina , Haavisto Elina , Hublin Linda , Ikonen Riikka , Koivisto Jaana‐Maija
Published: July 2024

Aim

To describe nursing students' perceptions of interaction in a multiplayer virtual reality (MPVR) simulation.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Second‐semester nursing students (n = 24) participated in pairs in MPVR simulations and semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed deductively and inductively.

Results

Four types of interaction in a MPVR simulation were identified: interaction between the students, interaction between the student and the virtual environment (VE), interaction between the student and the virtual patient (VP), and interaction between the student and the simulation facilitator. Interaction consisted of verbal and nonverbal interaction, as well as object manipulation and movement in the VE. The reasons for interaction were to coordinate the care, to assess the VP, and to implement VPs' care.

Conclusions

MPVR simulation offered nursing students an opportunity to practice nurse‐to‐nurse interaction and interaction related to nurses' collaboration, which are essential skills in nursing practice. Students were also able to interact with the VP, which can promote students' nurse–patient interaction skills. Therefore, MPVR simulations can be utilized as a platform to enhance interaction skills of future healthcare professionals, which could improve patient safety.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Insights from dispersion in carbon nanotubes‐based poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) wearable sensors via solvent casting
Authors: Díaz‐Mena V. , Sánchez‐Romate Xoan F. , Sánchez M. , Ureña A.
Published: July 2024

Flexible sensors, made of PVDF‐HFP reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are manufactured by solvent casting. More specifically, the effect of evaporation temperature and sonication time is explored. It is seen that two effects govern the dispersion of CNT: the sedimentation half‐time, and the breakage induced by the ultrasonication process. In this regard, it is found that 60°C is an optimum evaporation temperature to reach the highest value of electrical conductivity, since it offers a good balance between these effects, leading to the creation of a more efficient electrical network. This is also confirmed by the AC analysis, where these samples show the highest characteristic frequencies. The electromechanical results show a greater dependency on evaporation temperature for low sonication times, as the breakage induced by an ultrasonic process is not so pronounced and, therefore, the sedimentation effect plays a more dominant role. In addition, cycling tests show robust electromechanical response with cycling, and creep tests prove good electrical response of the sensors, less than 200 ms in some cases. Finally, proof of concept testing of wrist, shoulder, and neck monitoring highlights the potential of the proposed materials for sensing applications.

Highlights

PVDF‐HFP/CNT nanocomposite strain sensors via solvent casting are proposed.

The effect of evaporation temperature and sonication time is studied.

DC and AC conductivities were analyzed and modeled via an equivalent circuit.

An outstanding Gauge Factor of 86.30 × 104 is achieved at 95% of strain level.

Two proof‐of‐concepts of medium and large movements are successfully achieved.