bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnified endoscopic observation of small depressed gastric lesions using linked color imaging with indigo carmine dye
Authors: Kitagawa Yoshiyasu , Hara Taro , Ikebe Dai , Nankinzan Rino , Takashiro Hideyuki , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Yamaguchi Taketo , Suzuki Takuto
Published: September 2017

Background and study aims Magnifying linked color imaging with indigo carmine dye (M-Chromo-LCI) enables sterically enhanced and color image-magnified observation of the superficial gastric mucosa. This study investigated the usefulness of M-Chromo-LCI for the differential diagnosis of gastric lesions.

Patients and methods 100 consecutive small depressed lesions were examined with conventional white-light imaging (C-WLI), magnifying blue-laser imaging (M-BLI), and M-Chromo-LCI. Endoscopic images were reviewed by three experts and three non-experts. Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement were compared among the modalities.

Results For experts, M-BLI showed a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than C-WLI (82.7 % vs. 67.0 %; P < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of M-Chromo-LCI was not different from M-BLI (87.7 % vs. 82.7 %; P = 0.31). For non-experts, M-BLI showed a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than C-WLI (69.3 % vs. 52.3 %; P < 0.001). M-Chromo-LCI additionally showed a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than M-BLI (79.7 % vs. 69.3 %; P = 0.005). M-Chromo-LCI had the highest interobserver agreement for each group.

Conclusions: M-Chromo-LCI is expected to become a useful modality for the accurate diagnosis of gastric lesions.
Double incision and snare resection in symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum: a modification of the stag beetle knife technique
Authors: Gölder Stefan , Brueckner Juliane , Ebigbo Alanna , Messmann Helmut
Published: September 2017

Background and study aim Relief from dysphagia and regurgitation are the main goals of therapy in symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum. Flexible endoscopic treatment has proved to be an effective and safe method in control of these symptoms. The aim of our study was to further improve the resection of the cricopharyngeal muscle using a new technique, the double incision and snare resection (DISR) procedure, to reduce the recurrence rate.

Patients and methods From February 2016 to April 2017, 16 patients were treated with 18 DISR procedures at our institution. The symptoms of the patients were recorded by a seven-item questionnaire prior to treatment, and re-evaluation was scheduled at 1 and 6 months after treatment.

Results The median age was 70 years (range 55 – 85), and 10 patients were men (62 %). The median size of the diverticulum was 20 mm (range 5 – 40 mm), and the DISR procedure was performed in 28 minutes (range 20 – 47 minutes), with no major postinterventional complications. All patients re-started oral nutrition on the day after the intervention; a gastric tube was not required. The median follow-up was 3 months (range 1 – 15 months). Two patients received a planned second-step procedure, one because of a very large cricopharyngeal muscle and one because of a cyst inside the Zenker’s bridge. Although one patient suffered from mild recurrence of symptoms, she refused a second treatment. All other patients were free of symptoms after treatment.

Conclusions The DISR procedure is a new endoscopic treatment technique that safely and reproducibly offers relief from symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum.
Ionization and reflux dependence of magnetic instability generation and probing inside laser-irradiated solid thin foils
Authors: Huang L. G. , Schlenvoigt H.-P. , Takabe H. , Cowan T. E.
Published: September 2017

When an intense laser accelerated electron beam, with large current density on the order of 1012 A/cm2, enters a solid density plasma, it is well-known to be subject to a number of different types of instabilities that cause it to filament. In this work, we investigate the transport instability of a fast electron beam that is imprinted on the self-generated magnetic filaments inside the solid density plasmas using particle-in-cell simulations. By varying collisional ionization models, our simulations show that the atomic ionization process is crucial to determine the structure of the magnetic filaments. We further attribute the generation of bulk magnetic filaments to Weibel-like instability mechanism caused by counter-propagating hot forward-bulk return current streams and counter-propagating hot forward-reflux current streams. It is found that the magnetic fields in the filament channels near the rear surface are around one order of magnitude higher than those near the front surface of the thin solid target. This asymmetry is likely induced by the very different properties of bulk electron stream and hot reflux electron stream in terms of density and velocity distribution. Finally, we propose to probe the magnetic fields inside the solid density plasmas by X-Ray polarimetry via Faraday rotation using X-Ray free electron lasers (XFELs). The synthetic simulations show that XFELs are capable to detect the magnetic fields from relativistic laser-solid interactions.
Numerical treatment of Hunter Saxton equation using cubic trigonometric B-spline collocation method
Authors: Hashmi M. S. , Awais Muhammad , Waheed Ammarah , Ali Qutab
Published: September 2017

In this article, authors proposed a computational model based on cubic trigonometric B-spline collocation method to solve Hunter Saxton equation. The nonlinear second order partial differential equation arises in modeling of nematic liquid crystals and describes some aspects of orientation wave. The problem is decomposed into system of linear equations using cubic trigonometric B-spline collocation method with quasilinearization. To show the efficiency of the proposed method, two numerical examples have been tested for different values of t. The results are described using error tables and graphs and compared with the results existed in literature. It is evident that results are in good agreement with analytical solution and better than Arbabi, Nazari, and Davishi, Optik 127, 5255–5258 (2016). In current problem, it is also observed that the cubic trigonometric B-spline gives better results as compared to cubic B-spline.
Molecular system identification for enzyme directed evolution and design
Authors: Guan Xiangying , Chakrabarti Raj
Published: September 2017

The rational design of chemical catalysts requires methods for the measurement of free energy differences in the catalytic mechanism for any given catalyst Hamiltonian. The scope of experimental learning algorithms that can be applied to catalyst design would also be expanded by the availability of such methods. Methods for catalyst characterization typically either estimate apparent kinetic parameters that do not necessarily correspond to free energy differences in the catalytic mechanism or measure individual free energy differences that are not sufficient for establishing the relationship between the potential energy surface and catalytic activity. Moreover, in order to enhance the duty cycle of catalyst design, statistically efficient methods for the estimation of the complete set of free energy differences relevant to the catalytic activity based on high-throughput measurements are preferred. In this paper, we present a theoretical and algorithmic system identification framework for the optimal estimation of free energy differences in solution phase catalysts, with a focus on one- and two-substrate enzymes. This framework, which can be automated using programmable logic, prescribes a choice of feasible experimental measurements and manipulated input variables that identify the complete set of free energy differences relevant to the catalytic activity and minimize the uncertainty in these free energy estimates for each successive Hamiltonian design. The framework also employs decision-theoretic logic to determine when model reduction can be applied to improve the duty cycle of high-throughput catalyst design. Automation of the algorithm using fluidic control systems is proposed, and applications of the framework to the problem of enzyme design are discussed.
A novel THz-band double-beam gyrotron for high-field DNP-NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Idehara Toshitaka , Glyavin Mikhail , Kuleshov Alexei , Sabchevski Svilen , Manuilov Vladimir , Zaslavsky Vladislav , Zotova Irina , Sedov Anton
Published: September 2017

We present the first experimental results of the study on a novel second harmonic THz-band double-beam gyrotron. The tube has demonstrated a stable single-mode operation with output parameters that are appropriate for the next-generation 1.2 GHz dynamic nuclear polarization-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Besides the design mode (TE8,5), a series of other fundamental and second harmonic modes have been excited. This makes the new gyrotron a versatile radiation source, which can be used also in other applications of the high-power science and technologies.
Effect of a planar interface on time-averaged locomotion of a spherical squirmer in a viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Yazdi Shahrzad , Borhan Ali
Published: September 2017

We examine the time-averaged locomotion of a spherical squirmer with reciprocal surface motion near a planar interface in a viscoelastic fluid. The system dynamics is investigated through a phase portrait in the swimming orientation and distance from the interface for three types of swimming gaits, namely, pullers, pushers, and neutral swimmers. To examine the kinematics of locomotion near different types of boundaries, the ratio of viscosities of the two phases adjacent to the planar interface is varied. Our results show that the near-wall attraction layer previously reported for a two-dimensional squirmer does not exist for spherical pullers and pushers. However, the presence of a stable node can attract the swimmer to the vicinity of the interface, depending on the initial swimming direction. In contrast to a two-dimensional neutral squirmer that always swims towards a no-slip boundary, a spherical neutral swimmer moves away from the interface, but the direction of time-averaged rotational velocity favors eventual entrapment of the squirmer at a stable node. We show that the position of the stable node depends on the boundary type and is furthest from the interface for a no-slip boundary.
Spontaneous electrorheological effect in nematic liquid crystals under Taylor-Couette flow configuration
Authors: Dhar Jayabrata , Chakraborty Suman
Published: September 2017

Electrorheological (ER) characteristics of Nematic Liquid Crystals (NLCs) have been a topic of immense interest in the field of soft matter physics owing to its rheological modulation capabilities. Here we explore the augmentation in rheological characteristics of the nematic fluid confined within the annular region of the concentric cylindrical space with an Electrical Double Layer (EDL) induced at the fluid-substrate interface due to certain physico-chemical interactions. Using a Taylor-Couette flow configuration associated with an EDL induced at the inner cylinder wall, we show that a spontaneous electrorheological effect is generated owing to the intrinsic director anisotropy and structural order of complex nematic fluids. We seek to find the enhancement in torque transfer capability due to the inherent electrorheological nature of the nematic medium, apart from exploiting the innate nature of such homogeneous media to remain free of coagulation, a fact which makes it an excellent candidate for the applications in microfluidic environment. Our analysis reveals that with stronger induced charge density within the EDL, the apparent viscosity enhances, which, in turn, augments torque transfer across the concentric cylinder. The velocity profile tends to flatten in comparison to the classical circular Couette flow in annular geometry as one increases the surface charge density. We further observe a more pronounced ER effect for the nematic medium having larger electrical permittivity anisotropy. Besides the torque transfer qualifications, we also explore the distinct scenarios, wherein the same NLC medium exhibits shear thinning and shear thickening characteristics. The present configuration of the efficient torque transfer mechanism may be proficiently downscaled to micro-level and is relevant in the fabrication of micro-clutch and micro-dampers.
Quasiharmonic analysis of protein energy landscapes from pressure-temperature molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rodgers Jocelyn M. , Hemley Russell J. , Ichiye Toshiko
Published: September 2017

Positional fluctuations of an atom in a protein can be described as motion in an effective local energy minimum created by the surrounding protein atoms. The dependence of atomic fluctuations on both temperature (T) and pressure (P) has been used to probe the nature of these minima, which are generally described as harmonic in experiments such as x-ray crystallography and neutron scattering. Here, a quasiharmonic analysis method is presented in which the P-T dependence of atomic fluctuations is in terms of an intrinsic isobaric thermal expansivity αP and an intrinsic isothermal compressibility κT. The method is tested on previously reported mean-square displacements from P-T molecular dynamics simulations of lysozyme, which were interpreted to have a pressure-independent dynamical transition Tg near 200 K and a change in the pressure dependence near 480 MPa. Our quasiharmonic analysis of the same data shows that the P-T dependence can be described in terms of αP and κT where below Tg, the temperature dependence is frozen at the Tg value. In addition, the purported transition at 480 MPa is reinterpreted as a consequence of the pressure dependence of Tg and the quasiharmonic frequencies. The former also indicates that barrier heights between substates are pressure dependent in these data. Furthermore, the insights gained from this quasiharmonic analysis, which was of the energy landscape near the native state of a protein, suggest that similar analyses of other simulations may be useful in understanding such phenomena as pressure-induced protein unfolding.
Membrane-based torque magnetometer: Enhanced sensitivity by optical readout of the membrane displacement
Authors: Blankenhorn M. , Heintze E. , Slota M. , van Slageren J. , Moores B. A. , Degen C. L. , Bogani L. , Dressel M.
Published: September 2017

The design and realization of a torque magnetometer is reported that reads the deflection of a membrane by optical interferometry. The compact instrument allows for low-temperature measurements of tiny crystals less than a microgram with a significant improvement in sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio as well as data acquisition time compared with conventional magnetometry and offers an enormous potential for further improvements and future applications in different fields. Magnetic measurements on single-molecule magnets demonstrate the applicability of the membrane-based torque magnetometer.
Laboratory measurements of dusty surface charging in plasma
Authors: Chou Kevin , Wang Joseph
Published: September 2017

A novel method is developed to study the charging of a conducting surface covered by a thin dust layer in plasma. The potential profile in the dust layer and the floating potential of the surface underneath are measured directly by embedding conducting wires in the dust and connecting the wires to a measurement plate outside the vacuum chamber, where a Trek non-contacting electrostatic voltmeter measures the floating potential of the measurement plate. Laboratory experiments are carried out to study plasma charging of a conducting plate covered by lunar dust simulant, JSC-1A. The results show that the plate potential is dependent on both the ambient plasma condition and the dust layer thickness. The current balance condition controls the floating potential of the dust surface while the dust layer acts as a capacitor and controls the potential of the plate with respect to the dust surface. Hence, a dust covered conducting plate will be charged more negatively than a clean plate.
The chemical product mode transition of the air DBD driven by AC power: A plausible evaluation parameter and the chemical behaviors
Authors: Liu K. , Hu Y. , Lei J.
Published: September 2017

The chemical products of air plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge were investigated in this paper, which played a key role in its applications. The results showed that the high applied voltage and low flow rate contributed a transition from ozone to nitric oxide mode. In order to investigate the relationship between the physical characteristic and a chemical product, the real energy density based on the ICCD image and Lissajous figure, a plausible parameter, was proposed. It was found that when the energy density increased beyond a critical value (∼10 mJ·cm−2), the mode transition occurred, which illustrated that the high value of energy density was favorable for the generation of nitrogen oxides but not for the ozone generation. The N2O density increased and the O3 density decreased at the flow rate of 480 L/h with the increase in energy density. When the flow rate was fixed at 60 L/h, the NO density increased with the increase in energy density while other parameters changed slightly and irregularly. The time required for the development of products in a closed cavity was also studied. It showed that the NO gradually disappeared and O3 slightly decreased as the time goes on. In this paper, it was proved that the real energy density, correlating the physical and chemical characteristics, was an effective parameter to distinguish the mode transition of the chemical products.
Radiation-induced direct bandgap transition in few-layer MoS2
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Sisi , Chen Jihan , Mann Colin , Bushmaker Adam , Cronin Stephen B.
Published: September 2017

We report photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of air-suspended and substrate-supported molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) taken before and after exposure to proton radiation. For 2-, 3-, and 4-layer MoS2, the radiation causes a substantial (>10×) suppression of the indirect bandgap emission, likely due to a radiation-induced decoupling of the layers. For all samples measured (including the monolayer), we see the emergence of a defect-induced shoulder peak at around 1.7 eV, which is redshifted from the main direct bandgap emission at 1.85 eV. Here, defects induced by the radiation trap the excitons and cause them to be redshifted from the main direct band emission. After annealing, the defect-induced sideband disappears, but the indirect band emission remains suppressed, indicating a permanent transition into a direct bandgap material. While suspended 2-, 3-, and 4-layer MoS2 show no change in the intensity of the direct band emission after radiation exposure, substrate-supported MoS2 exhibits an approximately 2-fold increase in the direct bandgap emission after irradiation. Suspended monolayer MoS2 shows a 2–3× drop in PL intensity; however, substrate-supported monolayer MoS2 shows a 2-fold increase in the direct band emission.
Persistence and productivity of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) germplasm in dry marginal rainfall environments of south-eastern Australia
Authors: Culvenor R. A. , Norton M. R. , De Faveri J.
Published: September 2017

Perennial grasses have production and environmental benefits in areas of southern Australia typified by the mixed farming zone of southern New South Wales (NSW). The perennial grass phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is widely used in southern Australia; however, it would find more use in the mixed farming zone if its persistence in marginal rainfall areas (450–500 mm average annual rainfall) were improved. We evaluated a range of germplasm (n = 29) including wild accessions, lines bred from these, and existing cultivars for persistence and production at three sites in a summer-dry area of southern NSW with 430–460-mm average annual rainfall. Two sites were used over 4 years and the third site over 5 years. Summer dormancy, maturity time and seedling growth were also assessed. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction employing factor analytic models and accounting for spatial and temporal correlations indicated that changes in persistence occurred mainly over time rather than between sites. Ranking changes occurred in the dry establishment phase of the experiment and during a severe final summer drought, with few changes occurring in the intervening high-rainfall years. Lines that survived the establishment phase best had vigorous seedlings and earlier maturity, whereas those surviving the final summer best were earlier maturing and higher in summer dormancy with high winter-growth activity. Some later maturing lines within the higher summer dormancy group were less persistent. Some accessions from North Africa were the most persistent; also, populations bred from these and other more persistent accessions generally persisted and produced better than cultivars used presently. However, present cultivars were capable of high yield in the higher rainfall years. We suggest that persistence of higher summer dormancy cultivars over very dry years could be improved by selecting for earlier maturity time.
Soil hydrology and vegetation as impacted by goat grazing in Vertisols and Regosols in semi-arid shrublands of northern Mexico
Authors: Carbajal-Morón Nallely A. , Manzano Mario G. , Mata-González Ricardo
Published: September 2017

Shrubland ecosystems are less studied than grasslands regarding the role of domestic grazing on ecosystem degradation in the world, but particularly in Mexico. Of special concern is the paucity of research on soil hydrological responses to the impact of livestock. Here, we assessed the role that specific soil and surface characteristics play in soil hydrology as a response to goat grazing intensity in two different soil types, Regosol and Vertisol, in the Tamaulipan thornscrub of north-eastern Mexico. At each soil unit, a set of grazing regimes was identified, including heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG) and a no-grazing (NG) reference area, and selected soil properties and plant cover were evaluated. In Regosol sites, soil organic matter varied among all grazing regimes (4.6% higher on NG and 2.1% higher on MG with respect HG) and no dissimilarities on bulk density were recorded. For Vertisol sites, soil bulk density increased with grazing intensity (16% higher on MG and 37% higher on HG with respect to NG) whereas plant cover linearly decreased from 86% in NG to 29% in MG and 9% in HG sites. Soil organic matter content for Regosol, and plant cover and soil bulk density for Vertisol appeared as the best indicators of water infiltration and moisture retention for the grazing conditions assessed. Differences in those key driving variables may help explain surface hydrology responses to goat grazing in rangeland soils of Tamaulipan thornscrub ecosystems and possibly on similar rangelands around the world. Clear signs of vegetation degradation were also observed, manifested by a loss in species diversity and plant cover, especially under heavy grazing. This reflects unsustainable livestock management practices that should be avoided. This study contributes to improve our understanding of rangeland degradation processes and justifies devising more sustainable grazing management schemes.
Defining Italianness: Poetry, Music and the Construction of National Identity in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Accounts of the Medieval Italian Lyric Tradition
Authors: Jennings Lauren
Published: September 2017

This article explores the role of music in nineteenth- and twentieth-century accounts of medieval Italian literature and its relation to the construction of Italian national identity both during and long after the Risorgimento. Tracing music's role in the writings of Giosuè Carducci, Vincenzo De Bartholomaeis and Aurelio Roncaglia, it argues that music somewhat paradoxically became entangled with Italy's literary identity even as scholars worked to extricate the peninsula's most renowned poetry from its grasp. In the realm of ‘popular’ poetry, Italianness depends on the presence of music, which serves as a marker of that poetry's popular origins. In contrast, music's absence from the realm of ‘high-art’ poetry was essential to the construction of an Italian tradition independent of and superior to its French and Provençal predecessors.
The Nursery as Circus: Dancing the Childlike to Fauré's Dolly Suite, 1913
Authors: Coombes Timothy F.
Published: September 2017

In 1913, at the Théâtre des Arts in Paris, a controversial but highly successful ballet choreographed a circus-style pantomime to the music of Fauré's Dolly Suite. With its apparently incongruent relation of dance to music, the ballet displayed, as one reviewer put it, ‘criticisms in action’. This article investigates how we might conceive the production as an act of musical and cultural criticism, by examining its close relation with contexts such as early comic film, music-hall entertainment, the children's literature market, medical and anthropological theories, and surrealist thought. The ballet implicitly challenged conventional interpretations of Fauré's music as reflecting a particular perception of childhood – one which was rather too close to the sentimental attitudes vehemently dismissed in contemporaneous literature. The production was an important manifestation of an emergent understanding of the ‘childlike’ in early twentieth-century French culture – as a condition enlightened by irrationality, with important physiological traits.
Technology, Listening and Historical Method: Placing Audio in the Post-War British Home
Authors: Perchard Tom
Published: September 2017

This article explores the ways in which audio in the home was figured in (and helped shape) changing consumer and gender roles in post-war Britain. It looks at the ways in which innovations in home-furnishing and audio-equipment design and manufacture created an environment with new tactile as well as sonic qualities; it examines the ways in which changing music styles helped develop new markets for audio equipment and new meanings for audio discourse. But before it does so, the article sets out some arguments on cultural-historical method. Extant academic writing on post-war home audio tends to privilege the study of media representation – and the critique of ideology constructed therein – at the expense of other kinds of enquiry and source-work. In making use of a broader range of sources and interpretative approaches, this piece aims for a thick reading of the ‘social’ along with the ‘cultural’.
Induction of plant disease resistance upon treatment with yeast cell wall extract
Authors: Yaguchi Takaomi , Kinami Tomohisa , Ishida Tetsuya , Yasuhara Takaomi , Takahashi Kosaku , Matsuura Hideyuki
Published: September 2017

It has been reported that treatment with yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) induces PDF1 and PR-1 gene expression; these transcripts are important markers of plant disease resistance, though the detailed signaling mechanisms that induce these defense responses are still unknown. In this report, we found that YCWE treatment triggered rice cell suspension cultures to accumulate phenylalanine (Phe), cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), 12-hydroxyjasmonoyle isoleucine (12OHJA-Ile), and azelaic acid (AzA). YCWE treatment also reduced endogenous triacylglycerol (TG) content. The addition of 13C-uniform-labeled oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids to the rice cell suspension cultures gave rise to 13C-uniform-labeled AzA. It was also found that YCWE treatment for Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in accumulations of OPDA, AzA, Phe, and camalexin together with enhanced resistance against Botrytis cinerea infection. This suggested that YCWE treatment upon plants may activate JA and AzA signaling systems to induce plant disease resistance.
Criminally Explosive: Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Criminal Careers, and Psychopathology among Federal Correctional Clients
Authors: DeLisi Matt , Elbert Michael , Caropreso Daniel , Tahja Katherine , Heinrichs Timothy , Drury Alan
Published: September 2017

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is a relatively rare psychiatric condition characterized by aggression, explosive outbursts towards people and property, and very poorly regulated emotional and behavioral control, but has rarely been studied in a criminal justice context. Drawing on data from 863 federal correctional clients from a supervised release population in the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the lifetime prevalence and correlates of IED and its associations with criminal careers. The lifetime prevalence of IED was 2.6% with another 1% of clients exhibiting symptoms of the disorder. Poisson and negative binomial regression models have shown that IED was significantly associated with arrests for murder, attempted murder, interference with police, aggravated assault, simple assault, and domestic assault despite controls for serious behavioral disorders, age of first arrest, and demographics. Clients with IED were also dramatically more likely to be habitual offenders and accumulate chronic arrests for assault-related crimes. These offenders pose considerable risk to staff safety and should be supervised with the highest level of supervision.
Neutral sphingomyelinases control extracellular vesicles budding from the plasma membrane
Authors: Menck Kerstin , Sönmezer Can , Worst Thomas Stefan , Schulz Matthias , Dihazi Gry Helene , Streit Frank , Erdmann Gerrit , Kling Simon , Boutros Michael , Binder Claudia , Gross Julia Christina
Published: September 2017

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane particles secreted from cells into all body fluids. Several EV populations exist differing in size and cellular origin. Using differential centrifugation EVs pelleting at 14,000 g (“microvesicles” (MV)) and 100,000 g (“exosomes”) are distinguishable by protein markers. Neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) inhibition has been shown to inhibit exosome release from cells and has since been used to study their functional implications. How nSMases (also known as SMPD2 and SMPD3) affect the basal secretion of MVs is unclear. Here we investigated how SMPD2/3 impact both EV populations. SMPD2/3 inhibition by GW4869 or RNAi decreases secretion of exosomes, but also increases secretion of MVs from the plasma membrane. Both populations differ significantly in metabolite composition and Wnt proteins are specifically loaded onto MVs under these conditions. Taken together, our data reveal a novel regulatory function of SMPD2/3 in vesicle budding from the plasma membrane and clearly suggest that – despite the different vesicle biogenesis – the routes of vesicular export are adaptable.
Distortion of Lipschitz functions on 𝑐₀(Γ)
Authors: Hájek Petr , Novotný Matěj
Published: September 2017

Let

Γ
\Gamma

be an uncountable cardinal. We construct a real symmetric

1
1

-Lipschitz function on the unit sphere of

c
0

(
Γ
)

c_0(\Gamma )

whose restriction to any nonseparable subspace is a distortion.
Borel structurability by locally finite simplicial complexes
Authors: Chen Ruiyuan
Published: September 2017

We show that every countable Borel equivalence relation structurable by

n
n

-dimensional contractible simplicial complexes embeds into one which is structurable by such complexes with the further property that each vertex belongs to at most

M
n

:=

2

n
−
1

(

n
2

+
3
n
+
2
)
−
2

M_n := 2^{n-1}(n^2+3n+2)-2

edges; this generalizes a result of Jackson-Kechris-Louveau in the case

n
=
1

n = 1

. The proof is based on that of a classical result of Whitehead on countable CW-complexes.
On the 𝐶^{1,𝛼} regularity of 𝑝-harmonic functions in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Ricciotti Diego
Published: September 2017

We present a proof of the local Hölder regularity of the horizontal derivatives of weak solutions to the

p
p

-Laplace equation in the Heisenberg group

H

1

\mathbb {H}^1

for

p
>
4

p>4

.
On Gevrey vectors of L. Hörmander’s operators
Authors: Derridj Makhlouf
Published: September 2017

We study the regularity of Gevrey vectors of L. Hörmander’s operators:

P
=

∑

j
=
1

m

X
j
2

+

X
0

+
c
,

\begin{equation*} P=\sum _{j=1}^{m} X_j^2+X_0+c, \end{equation*}

where

X
0

X_0

,

X
1

X_1

, …,

X
m

X_m

are real vector fields in an open set

Ω
⊂

R

n

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n

and

c
c

is a smooth function. More precisely, we prove the following: If the coefficients of

P
P

are in the Gevrey class

G
k

(
Ω
)

G^k(\Omega )

,

k
∈

N

k\in \mathbb N

,

k
≥
1

k\geq 1

, and

P
P

satisfies the following estimate with

p

/

q

p/q

rational,

0
>
p
≤
q

0>p\leq q

:
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout 1st Row StartAbsoluteValue EndAbsoluteValue v StartAbsoluteValue EndAbsoluteValue Subscript p slash q Superscript 2 Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper C left-parenthesis StartAbsoluteValue left-parenthesis upper P v comma v right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue plus StartAbsoluteValue EndAbsoluteValue v StartAbsoluteValue EndAbsoluteValue squared right-parenthesis comma for-all v element-of script upper D left-parenthesis normal upper Omega 0 right-parenthesis comma EndLayout">

|

|

v

|

|

p

/

q

2

≤
C
(

|

(
P
v
,
v
)

|

+

|

|

v

|

|

2

)
,

∀
v
∈

D

(

Ω
0

)
,

\begin{eqnarray} ||v ||^2_{p/q}\leq C(|(Pv,v)|+||v ||^2), \; \forall v \in \mathcal D(\Omega _0), \end{eqnarray}

for some open subset

Ω
0

⊂

Ω
0

¯

⊂
Ω

\Omega _0\subset \overline {\Omega _0}\subset \Omega

, then

G
k

(
P
,

Ω
0

)
⊂

G

k

q
p

(

Ω
0

)

G^k(P, \Omega _0)\subset G^{k\frac {q}{p}}(\Omega _0)

. This provides in particular a local version of a recent result of N. Braun Rodrigues, G Chinni, P. D. Cordaro, and M. R. Jahnke, giving a global such result, with

k
≥
1

k\geq 1

not necessarily integer, for Hörmander’s operators on a torus.
Mumford curves covering 𝑝-adic Shimura curves and their fundamental domains
Authors: Amorós Laia , Milione Piermarco
Published: September 2017

We give an explicit description of fundamental domains associated with the

p
p

-adic uniformisation of families of Shimura curves of discriminant

D
p

Dp

and level

N
≥
1

N\geq 1

, for which the one-sided ideal class number

h
(
D
,
N
)

h(D,N)

is

1
1

. The results obtained generalise those in Schottky groups and Mumford curves, Springer, Berlin, 1980 for Shimura curves of discriminant

2
p

2p

and level

N
=
1

N=1

. The method we present here enables us to find Mumford curves covering Shimura curves, together with a free system of generators for the associated Schottky groups,

p
p

-adic good fundamental domains, and their stable reduction-graphs. The method is based on a detailed study of the modular arithmetic of an Eichler order of level

N
N

inside the definite quaternion algebra of discriminant

D
D

, for which we generalise the classical results of Hurwitz. As an application, we prove general formulas for the reduction-graphs with lengths at

p
p

of the families of Shimura curves considered.
Some properties of the higher spin Laplace operator
Authors: Ding Chao , Ryan John
Published: September 2017

The higher spin Laplace operator has been constructed recently as the generalization of the Laplacian in higher spin theory. This acts on functions taking values in arbitrary irreducible representations of the Spin group. In this paper, we first provide a decomposition of the higher spin Laplace operator in terms of Rarita-Schwinger operators. With such a decomposition, a connection between the fundamental solutions for the higher spin Laplace operator and the fundamental solutions for the Rarita-Schwinger operators is provided. Further, we show that the two components in this decomposition are conformally invariant differential operators. An alternative proof for the conformal invariance property is also pointed out, which can be connected to Knapp-Stein intertwining operators. Last but not least, we establish a Borel-Pompeiu type formula for the higher spin Laplace operator. As an application, we give a Green type integral formula.
Metabolic Syndrome Induces Over Expression of the Human AT1R: A Haplotype-Dependent Effect With Implications on Cardio-Renal Function
Authors: Jain Sudhir , Puri Nitin , Rana Anita , Sirianni Natalie , Mopidevi Brahmaraju , Kumar Ashok
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

The transcriptional regulation of the human angiotensin receptor subtype 1 (AT1R) gene in pathophysiologies, like the metabolic syndrome, is poorly understood. The human AT1R gene has polymorphisms in its promoter that can be arranged in 2 haplotypes. Variants -810T, -713T, -214A, and -153A always occur together (Hap-I) and variants -810A, -713G, -214C, and -153G form Hap-II. We have hypothesized that high fat diet will alter cellular transcriptional milieu and increase hAT1R gene expression in a haplotype-dependent manner. This will set up an AT1R-mediated feed-forward loop promoting inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypertension in Hap-I mice.

METHOD

Since Hap-I of the human AT1R gene is associated with hypertension in Caucasians, we generated transgenic (TG) mice with Hap-I and Hap-II and studied the physiological significance of high fat diet (HFD) on haplotype specific gene expression. Animals were fed with HFD for 20 weeks followed by blood pressure (BP) analysis and collection of their tissues for molecular and biochemical studies.

RESULTS

After HFD treatment, as compared to Hap-II, TG mice with Hap-I show increased expression of hAT1R gene and higher BP; suppression of antioxidant defenses (HO1, SOD1) and increased expression of IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, NOX1. In vivo ChIP assay has shown that transcription factors CEBPβ, STAT3, and USF bind more strongly to the chromatin obtained from Hap-I TG mice.

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together, our results suggest, that after HFD treatment, as compared to Hap-II, the TG mice with Hap-I overexpress the AT1R gene due to the stronger transcriptional activity, thus resulting in an increase in their BP.
Identification of cancer driver genes in focal genomic aberrations from whole-exome sequencing data
Authors: Jang Ho , Lee Hyunju
Published: September 2017

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data have been used for identifying copy number aberrations in cancer cells. Nonetheless, the use of WES is still challenging for identification of focal aberrant regions in multiple samples that may contain cancer driver genes. In this study, we developed a wavelet-based method for identifying focal genomic aberrant regions in the WES data from cancer cells (WIFA-X). When we applied WIFA-X to glioblastoma multiforme and lung adenocarcinoma datasets, WIFA-X outperformed other approaches on identifying cancer driver genes.

Availability and implementation

R source code is available at http://gcancer.org/wifax.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tumor origin detection with tissue-specific miRNA and DNA methylation markers
Authors: Tang Wei , Wan Shixiang , Yang Zhen , Teschendorff Andrew E , Zou Quan
Published: September 2017

Motivation

A clear identification of the primary site of tumor is of great importance to the next targeted site-specific treatments and could efficiently improve patient‘s overall survival. Even though many classifiers based on gene expression had been proposed to predict the tumor primary, only a few studies focus on using DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles to develop classifiers, and none of them compares the performance of classifiers based on different profiles.

Results

We introduced novel selection strategies to identify highly tissue-specific CpG sites and then used the random forest approach to construct the classifiers to predict the origin of tumors. We also compared the prediction performance by applying similar strategy on miRNA expression profiles. Our analysis indicated that these classifiers had an accuracy of 96.05% (Maximum–Relevance–Maximum–Distance: 90.02–99.99%) or 95.31% (principal component analysis: 79.82–99.91%) on independent DNAm datasets, and an overall accuracy of 91.30% (range 79.33–98.74%) on independent miRNA test sets for predicting tumor origin. This suggests that our feature selection methods are very effective to identify tissue-specific biomarkers and the classifiers we developed can efficiently predict the origin of tumors. We also developed a user-friendly webserver that helps users to predict the tumor origin by uploading miRNA expression or DNAm profile of their interests.

Availability and implementation

The webserver, and relative data, code are accessible at http://server.malab.cn/MMCOP/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Less dementia with oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Friberg Leif , Rosenqvist Mårten
Published: September 2017

Aims

The association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia is well documented, but it is not clear if oral anticoagulant treatment offers protection. The aim of the study is therefore to compare the incidence of new dementia in patients with AF with and without oral anticoagulants, and to explore if there is a difference between novel anticoagulants and warfarin in this respect.

Methods and results

Retrospective registry study of all patients with hospital diagnosis of AF and no previous diagnosis of dementia in Sweden between 2006 and 2014. Propensity score matching, falsification endpoints, and analyses according to intention to treat as well as on-treatment principles were used. The study included 444 106 patients and over 1.5 million years at risk. Patients on anticoagulant treatment at baseline was associated with 29% lower risk of dementia than patients without anticoagulant treatment [hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.68–0.74] and 48% lower risk analysed on treatment (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.50–055). Direct comparison between new oral anticoagulants and warfarin showed no difference (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.67–1.40).

Conclusion

The risk of dementia is higher without oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with AF. This suggests that early initiation of anticoagulant treatment in patients with AF could be of value in order to preserve cognitive function.
Aslan v Murphy (Nos 1 and 2); Duke v Wynne [1990] 1 WLR 766, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Aslan v Murphy (Nos 1 and 2); Duke v Wynne [1990] 1 WLR 766, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Barclays Bank plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Barclays Bank plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division)
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479, High Court (Queen’s Bench Division). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Berrisford Housing Co-operative v Mexfield [2011] UKSC 52, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Berrisford Housing Co-operative v Mexfield [2011] UKSC 52, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Burgess v Rawnsley [1975] 3 All ER 142, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Burgess v Rawnsley [1975] 3 All ER 142, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Cheltenham & Gloucester plc v Krausz [1997] 1 WLR 1558, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cheltenham & Gloucester plc v Krausz [1997] 1 WLR 1558, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Halsall v Brizell [1957] Ch 169, High Court (Chancery Division)
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Halsall v Brizell [1957] Ch 169, High Court (Chancery Division). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
MacLeod v Gold Harp Properties Ltd [2014] EWCA 1084, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in MacLeod v Gold Harp Properties Ltd [2014] EWCA 1084, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Midland Bank Trust Co. Ltd v Green [1981] AC 513, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Midland Bank Trust Co. Ltd v Green [1981] AC 513, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Re Citro [1991] Ch 142, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Citro [1991] Ch 142, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No. 2) [2001] UKHL 44, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No. 2) [2001] UKHL 44, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Sovmots Investments Ltd v Secretary of State for the Environment [1977] QB 411, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Sovmots Investments Ltd v Secretary of State for the Environment [1977] QB 411, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Tulk v Moxhay (1848) 41 ER 1143, High Court (Chancery Division)
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2017

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Tulk v Moxhay (1848) 41 ER 1143, High Court (Chancery Division). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.