bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Natural Language Processing to Identify Home Health Care Patients at Risk for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Ryvicker Miriam , Barrón Yolanda , Song Jiyoun , Zolnoori Maryam , Shah Shivani , Burgdorf Julia G. , Noble James M. , Topaz Maxim
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to: (1) validate a natural language processing (NLP) system developed for the home health care setting to identify signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) documented in clinicians’ free-text notes; (2) determine whether signs and symptoms detected via NLP help to identify patients at risk of a new ADRD diagnosis within four years after admission. This study applied NLP to a longitudinal dataset including medical record and Medicare claims data for 56,652 home health care patients and Cox proportional hazard models to the subset of 24,874 patients admitted without an ADRD diagnosis. Selected ADRD signs and symptoms were associated with increased risk of a new ADRD diagnosis during follow-up, including: motor issues; hoarding/cluttering; uncooperative behavior; delusions or hallucinations; mention of ADRD disease names; and caregiver stress. NLP can help to identify patients in need of ADRD-related evaluation and support services.
Collaboration with Generative Artificial Intelligence: An Exploratory Study Based on Learning Analytics
Authors: Liu Jiangyue , Li Siran , Dong Qianyan
Published: April 2024

The emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has caused significant disruption to the traditional educational teaching ecosystem. GAI possesses remarkable capabilities in generating human-like text and boasts an extensive knowledge repository, thereby paving the way for potential collaboration with humans. However, current research on collaborating with GAI within the educational context remains insufficient and the methods are relatively limited. This study aims to utilize methods such as Lag Sequential Analysis (LSA) and Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) to unveil the “black box” of the human-machine collaborative process. In this research, 22 students engaged in collaborative tasks with GAI to refine instructional design schemes within an authentic classroom setting. The results show that the participants significantly improved the quality of instructional design. Leveraging the improvement demonstrated in students’ instructional design performance, we categorized them into high- and low-performance groups. Through the analysis of learning behavior, it was observed that the high-performance group adhered to a structured GAI content application framework: “generate → monitor → apply → evaluate.” Moreover, they adeptly employed communication strategies emphasizing exercising cognitive agency and actively cultivating a collaborative environment. The conclusions drawn from this research may serve as a reference for a series of practical applications in human-machine collaboration and provide directions for subsequent studies.
Core Competencies for Serious Illness Conversations: An Integrative Systematic Review
Authors: Pusa Susanna , Baxter Rebecca , Andersson Sofia , Fromme Erik K. , Paladino Joanna , Sandgren Anna
Published: April 2024

Objective: The Serious Illness Care Program was developed to support goals and values discussions between seriously ill patients and their clinicians. The core competencies, that is, the essential clinical conversation skills that are described as requisite for effective serious illness conversations (SICs) in practice, have not yet been explicated. This integrative systematic review aimed to identify core competencies for SICs in the context of the Serious Illness Care Program. Methods: Articles published between January 2014 and March 2023 were identified in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. In total, 313 records underwent title and abstract screening, and 96 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The articles were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Guidelines, and data were analyzed using thematic synthesis. Results: In total, 53 articles were included. Clinicians’ core competencies for SICs were described in 3 themes: conversation resources, intrapersonal capabilities, and interpersonal capabilities. Conversation resources included using the conversation guide as a tool, together with applying appropriate communication skills to support better communication. Intrapersonal capabilities included calibrating one's own attitudes and mindset as well as confidence and self-assurance to engage in SICs. Interpersonal capabilities focused on the clinician's ability to interact with patients and family members to foster a mutually trusting relationship, including empathetic communication with attention and adherence to patient and family members views, goals, needs, and preferences. Conclusions: Clinicians need to efficiently combine conversation resources with intrapersonal and interpersonal skills to successfully conduct and interact in SICs.
An adaptive approach to developing a Long COVID rehabilitation program
Authors: Torreiter Sonya , So Peggy
Published: April 2024

As more people became infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it was anticipated that 10-20% of these individuals would develop a post-viral illness that would affect their ability to work and participate in daily activities and reduce quality of life. To support these patients, Unity Health Toronto opened the Outpatient Post-COVID Condition Rehabilitation Program in June 2021, with the aim of teaching patients how to manage their ongoing symptoms, and to maximize their independence and function. The program incorporated a multidisciplinary, patient-centred approach that leveraged group education and a virtual platform to allow patients from across Ontario to learn from one another and share experiences. Over the two years of the program, the multidisciplinary team continuously adapted to the new research on Long COVID and evolving needs of patients. This article will outline the development and evolution of the program.
Three-dimensional bioprinted GelMA/GO composite hydrogel for stem cell osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jiang Yerong , Zhou Dezhi , Jiang Yanan
Published: April 2024

In this study, we evaluated the use of graphene oxide (GO) mixed with methyl methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) for the construction of a microenvironmental implant to repair bone defects in orthopedic surgery. A scaffold containing a GelMA/GO composite with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was constructed using three-dimensional bioprinting. The survival and osteogenic capacity of MSCs in the composite bioink were evaluated using cell viability and proliferation assays, osteogenesis-related gene expression analysis, and implantation under the skin of nude mice. The printing process had little effect on cell viability. We found that GO enhanced cell proliferation but had no significant effect on cell viability. In vitro experiments suggested that GO promoted material–cell interactions and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. In vivo experiments showed that GO decreased the degradation time of the material and increased calcium nodule deposition. In contrast to pure GelMA, the addition of GO created a suitable microenvironment to promote the differentiation of loaded exogenous MSCs in vitro and in vivo, providing a basis for the repair of bone defects.
How Do Bigger and Smaller Cities Manage Migration? Ukrainian War Refugees in Polish Cities
Authors: Bielewska Agnieszka , Ślęzak-Belowska Ewa , Czeranowska Olga
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a comparative study of cities’ migration policies. By comparing four bigger and four smaller Polish cities and their approaches towards Ukrainian war refugees, we show the differences in support offered by bigger and smaller towns. Polish cities wholeheartedly and spontaneously welcomed Ukrainians fleeing their country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. While bigger cities start from reception and then offer integration activities, smaller ones see the presence of Ukrainians as temporary and identify their needs in terms of immediate humanitarian aid. The extra value of this original research is in documenting the specific moment when those cities have become ethnically diverse. The research includes interviews with the cities’ authorities, panel discussions, and analyses of documents and press articles.
Investigation of wettability and wear properties on 3D printed Polylactic acid/Molybdenum disulfide-Silicon carbide polymeric composite for sustainable biomedical applications
Authors: Tyagi Rashi , Ranjan Nishant , Kumar Monty , Kumar Vinay , Tripathi Ashutosh , Kumar Ranvijay
Published: April 2024

In the present work, investigations of the wettability, wear, and morphological study on 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA)/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-silicon carbide (SiC) based composite have been performed. In the first stage, the PLA/MoS2-SiC composite was fabricated from the different types of filaments of 1.75 ± 0.10 mm size by taking MoS2-SiC as reinforcement at various extrusion temperatures (150°C–160°C) and screw rotational speed (3–7 r/min) of the extruder setup. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to design the experiments for 3D printing by varying the filament type, range of nozzle temperature (200°C–210°C), and infill density (40%–90%). The pin-on-disk (POD) setup was used for measuring specific wear rate (SWR) and showed the lowest value of 0.00141 g/N-m when composites were 3D printed by taking filaments manufactured at the parametric combination of 160°C extruder temperature and 7 r/min rotational speed, while 3D printed at 210°C nozzle temperature and 40% infill density. Contact angle (CA) values indicated that the reinforcement of MoS2 and SiC in PLA resulted in hydrophilic surface formation due to morphology and increased roughness (including mean roughness (Sa), mean root square of the Z data (Sq), and the highest peak (Sz)). The significantly increased surface free energy (SFE) of MoS2-SiC-reinforced PLA composite compared to pure PLA was reported which makes the prepared composite a promising candidate to be used for biocompatible implants with high wear resistance.
Prediction surface roughness of 3D printed parts using genetic algorithm optimized hybrid learning model
Authors: Akgun Gazi , Ulkir Osman
Published: April 2024

The final product of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing critically depends on the surface quality. An experimental study on the 3D printed intake manifold flange using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material was executed by varying the four process parameters. A fused deposition modeling (FDM) based 3D printer was used to fabricate the flanges. The association between the parameters and the surface roughness of printed ABS flanges was investigated. A feed forward neural network (FFNN) model trained on particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimized with a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to estimate the surface roughness. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) with printing parameters at three levels was used, and 25 parts were fabricated. The suggested model demonstrated a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9865 on test values, mean of root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 0.1231 after 500 times training for generalization. And also mean of overfitting factor is 0.7110. This means that the suggested system could generalize. Comparing the results from the suggested model and ANN, the suggested hybrid model outperformed ANN in predicting the surface roughness values with no overfitting. This suggests that GA optimized PSO based FFNN may be a more suitable method for estimating product quality in terms of surface roughness.
Social Mobility and Health-Related Quality of Life Trajectory Classes Among Older Women and Men
Authors: Lahti Anna-Maria , Mikkola Tuija M. , Wasenius Niko S. , Törmäkangas Timo , Ikonen Jenni N. , Siltanen Sini , Eriksson Johan G. , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Changes in socioeconomic status (SES) during life may impact health in old age. We investigated whether social mobility and childhood and adulthood SES are associated with trajectories of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) over a 17-year period.

Methods

We used data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study ( n = 2003, 46% men, mean age 61.5 years). Social mobility was derived from childhood SES, obtained from healthcare records, and register-based adulthood SES.

Results

Logistic regression models showed that lower adulthood SES was associated with lower physical HrQoL trajectories. Among men low (OR 3.95, p < .001), middle (OR 2.20, p = .006), and declining lifetime SES (OR 2.41, p = .001) were associated with lower physical HrQoL trajectories compared to men with high SES. Socioeconomic status was not associated with mental HrQoL trajectories.

Discussion

Declining SES during life course may have negative health consequences, while improving SES is potentially as beneficial as high SES to later-life health among men.
SIM Peter Baehr lecture 2023: Human rights and the International Court of Justice
Authors: Charlesworth Hilary
Published: April 2024

The annual SIM Peter Baehr lecture celebrates the founding of the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM) in 1981 and commemorates the late Peter Baehr, one of SIM's former directors and an eminent human rights scholar. The 2023 lecture was delivered at Utrecht University on 30 November by Hilary Charlesworth, judge at the International Court of Justice and renowned scholar of international law and human rights.
Performance evaluation and comparison of different types of full and partial texture of hydrostatic bearings
Authors: Chen Dongju , Zhao Yupeng , Sun Kun , Tang Yuhang , Cheng Kai
Published: April 2024

To reveal the influence of the different types of surface microtexture on the performance of hydrostatic bearing, microtexture (square, cylindrical, and composite texture) on the inner surface of the bearing were designed. The finite element model of bearing with textures was established. Under the condition of considering the cavitation effect, the influence of the different types of microtexture on performance of the bearing is studied based on the N-S equation. The SEA9 spindle rotation error analyzer is used to determine the eccentricity of the spindle in the machining process and to verify the accuracy of the theoretical simulation. The results demonstrates that the microtexture enhances the performance of hydrostatic bearing, when the eccentricity is in the range of 0∼0.3, compared with square, cylindrica, and smooth bearing, the performance of composite texture bearing can effectively improve the load capacity and reduce the friction coefficient. When the eccentricity is larger than 0.3, the partial textured bearing is analyzed. The initial angle is 120°, the load capacity of the partial microtextured bearing are greater than full microtextured bearing and smooth bearing, which can be used to improve the performance of the bearing. The optimal combination of structural parameters for the performance of the partial composite texture is provided, which has important theoretical significance and practical value for expanding the application range of the spindle system.
Mechanical behavior of Ni/Ti bilayer-based shape memory alloys: Endorsement via atomistic simulations
Authors: Adhikary Tapasendra , Das Gour Prasad , Biswas Somjeet , Aich Shampa
Published: April 2024

To gain a structural and thermodynamic understanding along with the interpretation of atomic diffusion in a Ni/Ti bilayer, detailed first-principles simulations using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out. The interface energies and electronic structure of the Ni/Ti bilayer have been calculated using DFT. The MD simulations of interface atomic diffusion in the Ni/Ti bilayer were performed at 773 K for different annealing times to investigate the formation of Ni–Ti alloy. The simulated results indicate that Ni atoms predominantly diffuse into the Ti side. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) have been plotted to understand the nature of bonding that exists between the Ni and Ti atoms in the bilayer. The shape of the RDFs reveals information about the extent to which Ni and Ti atoms mix together. Classical MD simulations have been used to simulate the deformation behavior of the material under tension and to investigate the effects of annealing time on the mechanical properties of the materials.
Thermal and mechanical characterisation of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminium alloys
Authors: Kasirajan T , Selva Kumar M , Ramkumar T , Mohanraj M
Published: April 2024

The influence of thermal properties on the friction stir welded (FSW) dissimilar aluminium alloys at different tool rotational speeds and tool pin profiles was studied. AA 5083 H111 and AA 6082 T6 of 6 mm aluminium alloy plates are welded by varying the process parameters. The influence of heat generation and heat transfer in the joint efficiency of the weldments are characterised. Heat flow and heat flux for various tool rotation speeds generated between the tool shoulder and workpiece are calculated and analysed. The rate of heat distribution during welding is evaluated by calculating the thermal diffusivity of AA5083 H111 and AA6082 T6. Microhardness test helps to comprehend the influence of the parameters over the mechanical property of the weldments. The results revealed that the thermal characterisation clearly illustrates that an increase in tool rotation speed directly amplifies the heat flow and heat flux in weldments. However, AA 5083 H111 and AA 6082 T6 for varying temperature and reveals that 580°C possessed higher thermal conductivity for AA 6082 T6 (260 W/m°C) and AA 5083 5083 H111 (160 W/m°C), thermal conductivity for AA 6082 T6 (1260 J/Kg°C) and AA 50835083 H111 (1225 J/Kg°C) and thermal Diffusivity was 5.2029 × 10−5 (m2/s) for AA 5083 H111 and 7.61819 × 10−5 (m2/s) for AA 6082 T6.
MHD Casson non-Newtonian fluid flow in a channel with expanding/contracting porous walls in the presence of thermal radiation
Authors: Chari Fatemeh Nadalinia , Jalili Payam , Jalili Bahram , Ganji Davood Domiri
Published: April 2024

In this research, we explore the impact of changing viscosity in the context of the asymmetric laminar flow of Casson fluid with thermal radiation. The flow occurs within a channel that can either expand or contract, featuring porous walls. The flow equations are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through appropriate transformations to simplify the analysis. The velocity field and temperature profile expressions are obtained using Akbari-Ganji's method (AGM) and finite-element method (FEM). The graphs show the impact of different parameters on the flow characteristics, especially the viscosity-dependent parameter, Casson fluid parameter, and expansion ratio. The fluid velocity near the lower wall increases with the Casson fluid parameter but decreases after the mid-point. The fluid velocity is more affected by the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter for Newtonian fluid than non-Newtonian fluid. The results showed that as the Prandtl number increases, the temperature decreases, while the temperature increases with an increase in the Radiation parameter. Also, An increase in the wall expansion ratio leads to higher wall temperatures, whereas a decrease in the power-law index results in reduced temperatures.

The results we've acquired were cross-referenced with prior studies, revealing that the employed methods exhibit high precision. The novelty of the present work is obtaining new results through the use of Akbari-Ganji's semi-analytical method.
The failed promise of consent in women's experiences of coercive and unwanted anal sex with men
Authors: Faustino Maria João , Gavey Nicola
Published: April 2024

In this article, we critically interrogate the concept of consent in relation to women's experiences of coerced and unwanted heterosexual anal sex. Among the 18 women we interviewed (all living in New Zealand), some clearly labelled their experiences of unwanted anal sex with men as nonconsensual. Many others, however, suggested that they had, in some way, consented. We identified two main discursive patterns in the ways that women discussed consent in these contexts: one that equated it with resignation, mostly associated with experiences of verbal pressure, and another that reduced consent to a lack of resistance to unwanted and unexpected anal penetration. Through these women's accounts, it was clear that consent and coercion are not mutually exclusive. Overall, consent in these cases was scripted within a gendered dynamic that was premised on men's sexual entitlement and women's traditional roles as sexual caretakers and gatekeepers. We argue that women's accounts and reflections on consent in this context illuminate structural fragilities in the very concept of sexual consent as a marker of ethical sex. Consent was substantively distinct from sexual enthusiasm and mutuality. We conclude that it fails in its promise to protect women against sex that is coercive and hurtful.
Employee Green Behaviour in Pakistani Education Sector: Does Green Perceived Organisational Support Mediate the Relation between Green Human Resource Management and Employee Green Behaviours?
Authors: Akram Muhammad Wasim , Mirza Salman , Mahar Shaza
Published: April 2024

Human inappropriate behaviour is being criticised for changing the climate because it wastes resources, pollutes water and contaminates the air, thereby demeaning the environment. To contribute to the United Nations’ sustainable development goals for 2019, companies have begun to focus on green human resource initiatives to promote green perspectives in their employees. In this regard, green human resource management may assist companies in motivating their employees towards environmentally friendly practices, but green perceived organisational support remains unexplored in this context. To address this gap, based on the theory of planned behaviour, this study aims to investigate the effect of green human resource management on employee green behaviour through the mediation effect of green perceived organisational support in the higher education sector of Pakistan. The questionnaire survey was used to collect data from the employees of the higher education sector. Findings show that green human resource management is a strong predictor of employee green behaviour, while green perceived organisational support is a significant mediator between green human resource management and employee green behaviour. Theoretical implications and practical significance have been addressed in this study.
Book review: Avtar Singh Bhasin, Nehru, Tibet and China
Authors: Thursby-Pelham Harry
Published: April 2024

Avtar Singh Bhasin, Nehru, Tibet and China. Penguin Random House, 2021, pp. 368, ₹699 (Hardcover), ISBN: 9780670094134.
Sexual Violence Against Men in Civil Conflict
Authors: Sawyer Katherine
Published: April 2024

Sexual violence against men in conflict settings is neither a rare nor recent phenomenon, yet its absence in academic scholarship and humanitarian initiatives remains glaring. Despite the advances in our understanding of the determinants of wartime sexual violence against women, surprisingly little empirical research exists on sexual violence against men in conflict. Acts of sexual violence are commonly enacted against men in war, yet because they do not fit more narrow definitions of rape, accounts of these experiences are often misclassified as “torture.” Moreover, in many countries experiencing pervasive conflict-related sexual violence, there exist restrictive laws regarding sodomy and homosexuality, reducing the chances that males will report their experiences. Using originally coded data on sexual and gender identity laws and reported incidents of sexual violence in civil conflict, I find that laws that outline the protection of sexual and gender identity expression including the decriminalization of same-sex activity are significantly associated with reports of acts of sexual violence against men. The results speak to the gap in the literature on male sexual violence with tangible consequences for the distribution of humanitarian aid, availability of medical and psychological services for victims, and aims of peacekeeping missions.
The Impact of Health Inequities on Population-Based Breast Cancer Survival in a Colombian Population, 2008-2015
Authors: Arias-Ortiz Nelson , Rodríguez-Betancourt Juan David , Toro-Toro Jhon Eder , Navarro-Lechuga Édgar , Jurado-Fajardo Daniel Marcelo , Cárdenas-Garzón Karen , Sánchez-Vásquez Gloria Inés
Published: April 2024

Objective

To obtain breast cancer survival estimates in Manizales, Colombia, considering socioeconomic level, health insurance regime and residential area, while adjusting for age, histology and stage at diagnosis.

Methods

Analytical cohort study based on breast cancer incident cases recorded by the Population-based Manizales Cancer Registry between 2008-2015. Patients were followed-up for 60 months. Cause-specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method for variables of interest, with the Wilcoxon-Breslow-Gehan test for differences. Cox multivariate regression models were fitted.

Results

856 breast cancer cases were included. The 5-year cause-specific survival for the entire cohort was 78.2%. It was higher in women with special/exception health insurance, high socioeconomic level, <50 years old, ductal carcinoma, and stages I and II. Residential area did not impact survival. In Cox models, the subsidized health insurance regime (HR: 4.87 vs contributory) and low socioeconomic level (HR: 2.45 vs high) were predictors of the hazard of death in women with breast cancer, adjusted for age, histology, stage and interactions age-stage and insurance-stage. A positive interaction (synergistic effect modification) between health insurance regime and stage regarding to survival was observed.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic factors significantly contribute to the inequities in breast cancer survival, independent of the stage at diagnosis. This suggests the need for comprehensive interventions to remove barriers to accessing the health system. This research provides evidence of survival gaps mediated by certain social determinants of health and generates data on the overall performance of the Colombian health system.
Parametric control of quasi-zero stiffness mechanisms for vibration isolation at near-zero frequencies
Authors: Chang-Myung Lee , Evgeny Karpov , Vladimir Goverdovskiy , Alexey Larichkin , Julia Brovkina , Alexander Prokhorov
Published: April 2024

Infra-frequency vibration, including near-zero frequencies, has become a critical limiting factor for developers of next-generation ultra-high precision measurement systems. Mechanisms involving quasi-zero stiffness show potential to solve this new vibration problem. An approach for designing a novel type of the mechanisms for this class is presented. An algorithm is developed and tested for numerical solution of nonlinear elasticity problem in designing the mechanism structural and parametric elements based on FEM models. The elements are spatially prestressed multi-layer designs of polymer composites for modeling elastic postbuckling in large and the effect of a “floating” binder. An algorithm and models following the Nelder-Mead method are used for optimizing the designs. Examples of Euler-beam-shaped composite elements under postbuckling demonstrate a qualitative leap in mechanisms design and efficiency, specifically, in terms of compactness, lightness, and strength. A dramatically expanded control range for the linear section of operating travel with quasi-zero stiffness is obtained. A damping threshold is evaluated, and an optimal type diagram of the mechanism is designed and enumerated as necessary conditions for vibration isolation at near-zero frequencies. The validity and effectiveness of the approach are demonstrated with the results of theoretical design and testing of the prototype for vibration isolation of the ultra-high precision optical system. The learning capability of the mechanisms is estimated by an adapted version of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with stepwise refinement in the test mode using Rosenbrock’s function.
Improved nonlinear active disturbance rejection control based on hierarchical expected improvement for high-speed elevator horizontal vibration suppression
Authors: Ge Qinghua , Zhang Lulu , Zhang Ruijun , Wang Yulei
Published: April 2024

In this paper, an improved NADR control method based on hierarchical expected improvement (HEI) optimization is studied to suppress the horizontal vibration of high-speed elevator car under complex coupled disturbances to improve high-speed elevator ride comfort. First, a nonlinear 8-DOF dynamic model for the horizontal vibration of the high-speed elevator car is constructed. Then, a 4-level parallel NADR main control system based on the fal-function is designed to observe the total disturbance in real time, which can be quickly compensated by fuzzy sliding mode control. Meanwhile, the adaptive law is used to adjust fuzzy rules and sliding mode switching term coefficients to ensure the stability and adaptability of the control system. To address the problem of multiple bandwidth parameters and high sensitivity of the observer in the NADR control system, the comprehensive RMS experimental data fusion model based on hierarchical Gaussian process is constructed. With the goal of achieving the optimal value of comprehensive RMS, a hierarchical expectation improvement search strategy that balances exploratory and developmental aspects is studied to improve the optimization accuracy of bandwidth parameters. Finally, the results show that the proposed method can reduce the horizontal vibration acceleration and tilt angle acceleration of the car system by more than 68%.
The Failure to Recognize Continuing Harm: Post-Separation Domestic Abuse in Child Contact Cases
Authors: Walsh Kieran
Published: April 2024

This article presents findings from a case file review of post-separation parenting cases in England and Wales. It first outlines that jurisdiction's legal framework relevant to these cases, before providing an overview of the findings relating to the profile of the cases and their outcomes. It then describes the types of abuse most frequently encountered in these cases, and examines the attitude of the courts to post-separation abuse by looking at both interim and final court orders. The study finds that key legal provisions governing these cases are not being followed, with little understanding shown for the nature of post-separation abuse.
An electronic trigger to detect telemedicine-related diagnostic errors
Authors: Murphy Daniel R , Kadiyala Himabindu , Wei Li , Singh Hardeep
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic advanced the use of telehealth-facilitated care. However, little is known about how to measure safety of clinical diagnosis made through telehealth-facilitated primary care.

Methods

We used the seven-step Safer Dx Trigger Tool framework to develop an electronic trigger (e-trigger) tool to identify potential missed opportunities for more timely diagnosis during primary care telehealth visits at a large Department of Veterans Affairs facility. We then applied the e-trigger algorithm to electronic health record data related to primary care visits during a 1-year period (1 April 2020–31 March 2021). The algorithm identified patients with unexpected visits within 10 days of an index telemedicine visit and classified such records as e-trigger positive. We then validated the e-trigger's ability to detect missed opportunities in diagnosis using chart reviews based on a structured data collection instrument (the Revised Safer Dx instrument).

Results

We identified 128,761 telehealth visits (32,459 unique patients), of which 434 visits led to subsequent unplanned emergency department (ED), hospital, or primary care visits within 10 days of the index visit. Of these, 116 were excluded for clinical reasons (trauma, injury, or childbirth), leaving 318 visits (240 unique patients) needing further evaluation. From these, 100 records were randomly selected for review, of which four were falsely flagged due to invalid data (visits by non-providers or those incorrectly flagged as completed telehealth visits). Eleven patients had a missed opportunity in diagnosis, yielding a positive predictive value of 11%.

Discussion

Electronic triggers that identify missed opportunities for additional evaluation could help advance the understanding of safety of clinical diagnosis made in telehealth-enabled care. Better measurement can help determine which patients can safely be cared for via telemedicine versus traditional in-person visits.
“Reinventing spiritual leadership from an Indonesian perspective”
Authors: Azzuhri Misbahuddin , Huang Min-Ping , Irawanto Dodi W
Published: April 2024

The spiritual leadership competency discourse has emphasized elements of skills, traits, and behavior that can influence leadership performance and organizational outcomes. This study aims to enrich cross-cultural management literature by exploring leadership competencies based on spiritual leadership practices in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper seeks to uncover the origins of spiritual leadership and appropriate competencies using empirical facts and Islamic cultural practices in Indonesia. The competencies analyzed in this study are based on Al-Ghazali’s cardinal virtues. Through a systematic literature review approach, this paper examines the Islamic Spiritual Leadership Model (SLM) and the concept of Qalb in the four cardinal virtues and their role in spiritual leadership practices in Indonesia. The findings are clarified through focus group discussions with top managers and staff from the Islamic banking sector. In addition, a principal component analysis was performed on 281 employees in Java, Indonesia, to determine the accuracy of the four Qalb competencies. This study discovered a new dimension in SLM based on the Islamic cultural context in Indonesia and considered a novel design. Thus, it addresses a gap in conventional SLM that has existed for about two decades, specifically when applied in countries where religion-based spirituality is practiced.
Regulating donation-based crowdfunding platforms in Hong Kong: A trust law framework
Authors: Jing Hui
Published: April 2024

With the advance of technology, several crowdfunding platforms have emerged in Hong Kong to host informal public donation appeals. Unlike charitable crowdfunding activities, these appeals focus on crowdfunding to provide relief to specific individuals or groups in need. Due to the recent emergence of online informal public donation appeals and their lack of public benefit, regulatory bodies have not paid much attention to their regulation. However, recent media coverage highlighting scandals of maladministration of donation funds in the context of informal public donation appeals has impelled regulators to establish a systemic framework to govern crowdfunding platforms that host informal public donation appeals. This article addresses two main aspects of this topic. First, it discusses the operation of crowdfunding platforms that host informal public donation appeals and the risks associated with them. Second, it explores the feasibility of utilising trust law to regulate the administration of donation funds by these crowdfunding platforms.
Artificial Intelligence: Fundamentals and Breakthrough Applications in Epilepsy
Authors: Kerr Wesley , Acosta Sandra , Kwan Patrick , Worrell Gregory , Mikati Mohamad A.
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning are increasingly being used in all medical fields including for epilepsy research and clinical care. Already there have been resultant cutting-edge applications in both the clinical and research arenas of epileptology. Because there is a need to disseminate knowledge about these approaches, how to use them, their advantages, and their potential limitations, the goal of the 2023 Merritt-Putnam Symposium and of this synopsis review of that symposium has been to present the background and state of the art and then to draw conclusions on current and future applications of these approaches through the following: (1) Initially provide an explanation of the fundamental principles of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. These are presented in the first section of this review by Dr Wesley Kerr. (2) Provide insights into their cutting-edge applications in screening for medications in neural organoids, in general, and for epilepsy in particular. These are presented by Dr Sandra Acosta. (3) Provide insights into how artificial intelligence approaches can predict clinical response to medication treatments. These are presented by Dr Patrick Kwan. (4) Finally, provide insights into the expanding applications to the detection and analysis of EEG signals in intensive care, epilepsy monitoring unit, and intracranial monitoring situations, as presented below by Dr Gregory Worrell. The expectation is that, in the coming decade and beyond, the increasing use of the above approaches will transform epilepsy research and care and supplement, but not replace, the diligent work of epilepsy clinicians and researchers.
FORGE: A Framework for Organizing Rewards in Gamified Environments
Authors: de Leon Pereira Rogerio , Tremblay-Savard Olivier
Published: April 2024

Rewards are prevalent game design elements in gamified environments. Rewards are helpful tools to keep players engaged and encouraged to perform tasks. However, implementing a reward system from scratch in every gamified environment, such as citizen science games or educational applications, can be time-consuming. This article presents FORGE, a Framework for Organizing Rewards in Gamified Environments. FORGE is a free and open-source framework built to be easy to install, easy to integrate, flexible and customizable. It was designed to be used in a variety of different environments and scenarios, such as games, training software and interactive websites. The FORGE framework comes with two sample applications, a simple game concept and an educational web application, to demonstrate its capabilities and serve as an entry point for new adopters.
Acute management of cerebral venous thrombosis: Indications, technique, and outcome of endovascular treatment in two high-volume centers
Authors: Sousa João André , Achutegui Maider Iza , Juega-Mariño Jesus , Requena Manuel , Bernardo-Castro Sara , Rodrigo-Gisbert Marc , Rizzo Federica , Olivé Marta , Garcia-Tornel Álvaro , Chaves Ana Carolina , Rodriguez-Villatoro Noelia , Muchada Marian , Pagola Jorge , Rodriguez-Luna David , Rubiera Marta , Martins Ana Inês , Silva Fernando , Veiga Ricardo , Nunes Cesar , Machado Egídio , Diana Francesco , de Dios Marta , Hernández David , Ribo Marc , Molina Carlos , Sargento-Freitas João , Tomasello Alejandro
Published: April 2024

Introduction

After several uncontrolled studies and one randomized clinical trial, there is still uncertainty regarding the role of endovascular treatment (EVT) in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). This study aims to describe and assess different acute management strategies in the treatment of CVT.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of an international two-center registry of CVT patients admitted since 2019. Good outcome was defined as a return to baseline modified Rankin scale at three months. We described and compared EVT versus no-EVT patients.

Results

We included 61 patients. Only one did not receive systemic anticoagulation. EVT was performed in 13/61 (20%) of the cases, with a median time from diagnosis to puncture of 4.5 h (1.25–28.5). EVT patients had a higher median baseline NIHSS [6 (IQR 2–17) vs 0 (0–2.7), p = 0.002)] and a higher incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (53.8% vs 20.3%, p = 0.03). Recanalization was achieved in 10/13 (77%) patients. Thrombectomy was performed in every case with angioplasty in 7 out of 12 patients and stenting in 3 cases. No postprocedural complication was reported. An improvement of the median NIHSS from baseline to discharge [6 (2–17) vs 1(0–3.75); p < 0.001] was observed in EVT group. A total of 31/60 patients (50.8%) had good outcomes. Adjusting to NIHSS and ICH, EVT had a non-significant increase in the odds of a good outcome [aOR 1.42 (95%CI 0.73–2.8, p = 0.307)].

Conclusions

EVT in combination with anticoagulation was safe in acute treatment of CVT as suggested by NIHSS improvement. Selected patients may benefit from this treatment.
Indigenous research ethics and Tribal Research Review Boards in the United States: examining online presence and themes across online documentation
Authors: Kuhn Nicole S , Kuhn Ethan J , Vendiola Michael (daniseten) , Lefthand-Begay Clarita
Published: April 2024

Researchers seeking to engage in projects related to Tribal communities and their citizens, lands, and non-human relatives are responsible for understanding and abiding by each Tribal nation’s research laws and review processes. Few studies, however, have described the many diverse forms of Tribal research review systems across the United States (US). This study provides one of the most comprehensive examinations of research review processes administered by Tribal Research Review Boards (TRRBs) in the US. Through a systematic analysis, we consider TRRBs’ online presence, online documentation, and themes across documents, for five entity types: Tribal nations and Tribal consortiums, Tribal colleges and universities, Tribal health organizations, Indian Health Services, and other Tribal organizations. Results include an assessment of online presence for 98 potential TRRBs, identification of 118 publicly available online documents, and analysis of 41 themes across four document types: Tribal research codes and TRRBs’ guidelines, applications, and post-approval documents. Altogether, this research provides a macro-level analysis of the most common types of TRRBs in the US in an effort to increase researchers’ understanding of these important processes as they prepare to ethically engage Tribal communities in research. These results aim to empower Tribal decision makers as they align their TRRBs’ online visibility and documentation with community priorities and strengthen their protections for the rights and wellbeing of their citizens and community. Ultimately, by expanding our knowledge of TRRBs across the US, this contribution seeks to uphold Tribal sovereignty in research and promote ethical approaches to research with Indigenous communities.
Investigation of physical, mechanical, tribological and biodegradable properties of hybrid natural fibre reinforced polymer composite
Authors: Ravi Pravesh , Arumugam Eakambaram , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar
Published: April 2024

This study has investigated the effect of natural fibres such as kenaf, coconut and jute and their combination as reinforced in an epoxy polymer matrix natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) on mechanical properties (impact, flexural, tensile strength and hardness), thermal stability, tribological properties and biodegradability. The raw fibres were chemically treated with 3% NaOH for 24 h, and 10 wt.% was blended in the epoxy matrix. Further, a composite surface morphology and fibre dispersion were analysed using a scanning electron microscope. An improvement of an average of 30.39%, 1157.7% and 30.98% in impact strength, hardness and tensile strength, respectively, compared to pure epoxy composite. Further, the tribological study has shown a lesser frictional coefficient (∼0.275) in hybrid NFRP than in other composites where EN31 Steel disc is used as the counterbody. Moreover, the mixed NFRP has demonstrated excellent biodegradable properties compared to other NFRP and pure composites.
Exploring the association between weight loss-inducing medications and multiple sclerosis: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Shirani Afsaneh , Cross Anne H. , Stuve Olaf
Published: April 2024

Background:

Several studies have demonstrated that early childhood and adolescent obesity are risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. Obesity is thought to share inflammatory components with MS through overproduction of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin) and reduction of anti-inflammatory adipokines (e.g, adiponectin). Recently, drug repurposing (i.e. identifying new indications for existing drugs) has garnered significant attention. The US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database serves not only as a resource for mining adverse drug reactions and safety signals but also for identifying inverse associations and potential medication repurposing opportunities.

Objective:

We aimed to explore the association between weight-loss-inducing drugs and MS using real-world reports from the FAERS database.

Design:

Secondary analysis of existing data from the FAERS database.

Methods:

We conducted a disproportionality analysis using the FAERS database between the fourth quarter of 2003 and the second quarter of 2023 to explore associations between MS and weight loss-inducing drugs. Disproportionality was quantified using the reporting odds ratio (ROR). An inverse association was defined when the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for ROR was <1.

Results:

We found an inverse association between MS and anti-diabetic weight loss-inducing drugs including semaglutide (ROR: 0.238; 95% CI: 0.132–0.429), dulaglutide (ROR: 0.165; 95% CI: 0.109–0.248), liraglutide (ROR: 0.161; 95% CI: 0.091–0.284), empagliflozin (ROR: 0.234; 95% CI: 0.146–0.377), and metformin (ROR: 0.387; 95% CI: 0.340–0.440). No inverse associations were found for other weight loss-inducing drugs such as phentermine, bupropion, topiramate, zonisamide, and amphetamine. An exception was naltrexone (ROR: 0.556; 95% CI: 0.384–0.806).

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest a potential consideration for repurposing anti-diabetic weight loss-inducing drugs including semaglutide, dulaglutide, and liraglutide (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists), empagliflozin (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor), and metformin (biguanide), for MS. This warrants validation through rigorous methodologies and prospective studies.
Constructing Chinese Spaces in Mexico City: The Case of the Viaducto Piedad Neighbourhood
Authors: Martínez Rivera Sergio
Published: April 2024

This article analyses new tendencies in the construction of Chinese spaces within Mexico City. Traditionally, the Barrio de Dolores (Cuahutemoc borough) is identified as the main Chinese point of reference; however, over time it has become a space dedicated more to exploiting the so-called Chinatown brand for commercial purposes than to fostering a sense of community. Based on a recent pilot study, it is argued that in the Viaducto Piedad neighbourhood (Iztacalco borough), where Chinese immigrants have been arriving since the early 1990s, a different pattern of urban integration has emerged. Members of the community live in the area, where they carry out religious and recreational activities; some of them are business owners or employees, and their children attend local schools. That is why the area can be considered Mexico City's new Chinatown.