bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborating for Knowledge Creation and Application: The Case of Nanotechnology Research Programs
Authors: Lavie Dovev , Drori Israel
Published: June 2011

We study how collaboration and internal resources drive knowledge creation and application in university research programs. Academic collaboration with fellow university scientists drives knowledge creation, whereas collaboration with industry partners drives knowledge application. Nevertheless, contrary to prior research that has underscored the merits of collaboration, we identify an optimal level of collaboration beyond which collaboration undermines both processes. Furthermore, the availability of internal resources can either complement or substitute for collaboration depending on the level of collaboration. In particular, we find that availability of internal resources mitigates the effect of academic collaboration on knowledge creation when collaboration is moderate and complements it as collaboration becomes excessive. Thus, our study reveals the contingent value of collaboration and the interplay between internal and network resources. It enhances understanding of collaboration in nascent science-driven industries and advances the resource-based view and knowledge management research.
Let's Work It Out (or We'll See You in Court): Litigation and Private Dispute Resolution in Vertical Exchange Relationships
Authors: Lumineau Fabrice , Oxley Joanne E.
Published: June 2011

We examine how partners in vertical exchange relationships actually resolve disputes that are sufficiently serious to get lawyers involved. Reaching beyond the usual domain of organizational and management research, we leverage findings from law and economics to offer a novel organizational perspective on litigation and private dispute resolution, and we develop hypotheses about the likelihood of litigation in different exchange settings. Our empirical analysis generates three sets of new findings: First, counter to the received wisdom, we see that the involvement of lawyers does not necessarily signal the bitter end of an exchange relationship, because firms frequently manage to avoid litigation and resolve their disputes privately, and they do so in a manner that accords with our theoretical predictions. Second, we see that familiarity with exchange partners does not automatically lead to increased willingness to work things out; rather, our empirical results suggest that the impact of exchange duration on parties' willingness to resolve disputes privately is contingent on the development of norms of cooperation: in the event that such norms do not develop, the probability of a litigated outcome actually increases over time. Finally, we see that firms' willingness to work things out privately is also influenced positively by the shadow of the future. These findings are suggestive of a “discriminating alignment” between exchange characteristics and the choice of dispute resolution procedure, and they thus inject important new evidence into ongoing discussions about the legal underpinnings of different governance forms.
Quelling Dissent
Authors: Olmsted Kathryn
Published: June 2011

In 1935, the state of California convicted eight Communist organizers of criminal syndicalism and sent them to prison. This article argues that the Sacramento conspiracy trial of farm labor organizers shows how California growers and their allies in state and local government used the fear of Communism as a cudgel to beat back New Deal challenges to their power. The growers generated a Red Scare to help them maintain their control over workers and wages at a time when they felt threatened by the federal government’s new interest in workers’ rights.
The Wilderness Paradox
Authors: Ziser Michael
Published: June 2011

This is a review essay covering three recent books related to Native Californian agroecological practices: M. Kat Anderson, Tending the Wild: Native American Knowledge and the Management of California’s Natural Resources (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005); Ira Jacknis, Food in California Indian Culture (Berkeley: Phoebe Hearst Museum Press, 2004); and Kent G. Lightfoot and Otis Parrish, California Indians and Their Environment: An Introduction (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).
Yapsin 1 immunoreactivity in α-cells of human pancreatic islets: implications for the processing of human proglucagon by mammalian aspartic proteases
Authors: Cawley Niamh X , Portela-Gomes Guida , Lou Hong , Loh Y Peng
Published: June 2011

Yapsin 1 is an aspartic protease fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand belongs to a class of aspartic proteases that demonstrate specificity for basic amino acids. It is capable of processing prohormone substrates at specific basic residue cleavage sites, similar to that of the prohormone convertases, to generate bioactive peptide hormones. An antibody raised against yapsin 1 was previously shown to immunostain endocrine cells of rat pituitary and brain as well as lysates from bovine pituitary secretory granules demonstrating the existence of yapsin 1-like aspartic proteases in mammalian endocrine tissues, potentially involved in peptide hormone production. Here, we show the specific staining of yapsin 1 immunoreactivity in the α-cells of human pancreatic islets. No staining was observed in the β- or δ-cells, indicating a specificity of the staining for glucagon-producing and not insulin- or somatostatin-producing cells. Purified yapsin 1 was also shown to process proglucagon into glucagonin vitro, demonstrating that the prototypical enzyme of this subclass of enzymes can correctly process proglucagon to glucagon. These findings suggest the existence of a yapsin 1-like enzyme exclusively in the α-cells of the islets of Langerhans in humans, which may play a role in the production of glucagon in that tissue.
Controle em pós-colheita das podridões da manga 'bourbon', conservada em câmara fria
Authors: Sampaio V.R.
Published: June 2011

Mangas 'Bourbon' foram conservadas em câmara fria, a temperatura de 10º C, tendo recebido previamente os seguintes tratamentos em pós-colheita: 1) controle; 2) imersão por 10' em água a 55 C; 3) imersão por 5' a 50 C em solução de Benomyl a 0,025% de p.a.; 4) imersão por 5' a 50ºC em solução de Benomyl a 0,050%; 5) imersão por 5' a 55ºC em solução de Benomyl a 0,025% de p.a. e 6) imersão por 5' a 55ºC em solução de Benomyl a 0,050% de p.a. Os resultados indicaram que todos os tratamentos, com exceção do controle, foram eficientes no controle da antracnose. Quanto à ocorrência das podridões moles, constatou-se perdas de 44, 36, 20, 20, 4 e 8% do primeiro para o sexto tratamento, respectivamente. Assim ficou evidenciado que os tratamentos à mais alta temperatura, conjugados ao fungicida Benomyl, foram aqueles mais interessantes no tratamento em pós-colheita de manga 'Bourbon' .
Absorção de nutrientes por duas cultivares de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), em condições de campo: II. Concentração de micronutrientes
Authors: Sfredo G.J. , Sarruge J.R. , Haag H.P.
Published: June 2011

Com o objetivo de se determinar a absorção de micronutrientes em função da idade da planta de girassol, conduziu-se um experimento no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja/EMBRAPA, em Londrina (PR). No solo Latossolo Roxo eutrófico foram aplicadas seis doses de adubo: 0-0-0; 1-1-1; 2-1-1; 1-2-1 e 2-0-0 (NPK) , correspondendo a 0 = zero; 1 =45 e 2 = 90 kg/ha. Destas doses foram escolhidas a melhor e a pior quanto à produção de grãos, para se estudar a concentração dos micronutrientes. Conclui-se: a. as concentrações mínimas ocorreram próximo ao período de máximo acúmulo de matéria seca (88 dias); b. para fins de diagnose foliar pode-se usar os seguintes valores, no início da floração: Cu = 27 ppm; Mn = 200 ppm; Zn = 31 ppm; B = 125 ppm e Fe = 227 ppm.
Efeito da profundidade de incorporação no solo de herbicidas residuais na cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) merril)
Authors: Melhorança A.L. , Victoria Filho R.
Published: June 2011

A presente pesquisa foi conduzida no município de Dourados, MS, no ano agrícola de 1980/81, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da profundidade de incorporação dos principais herbicidas usados na cultura da soja. Para tanto, foram instalados dois experimentos, sendo um a campo e outro em vasos, em casa de vegetação. Os herbicidas utilizados foram trifluralin, metribuzin, vernolate e pendimethalin, nas doses respectivas de 1,11; 0,36; 3,86 e 1,50 kg i.a./ha, incorporados ao solo às profundidades de 0; 2,5; 5,o e 10,0 cm, sendo semeada a cultivar de soja "Paraná" no experimento de campo, e as cultivares Bossier, Santa Rosa e Paraná, na casa de vegetação. A avaliação dos resultados foi realizada coletando-se dados de altura de plantas, população inicial e final, peso da matéria seca de plantas daninhas e dados de produção apresentados pela soja nos diferentes tratamentos, sendo observado que em condições de campo, a profundidade de incorporação não afetou o desenvolvimento e produção da soja, nem tão pouco, o controle das plantas daninhas, expresso pelo seu peso da matéria seca. Entretanto, em condições de casa de vegetação, a profundidade de incorporação afetou o peso da matéria seca da parte aérea e radicular e a altura das plantas. A altura e peso da matéria seca da parte aérea foi mais afetada pelo vernolate quando incorporado a 10 cm. Trifluralin incorporado a 10 cm, e pendimethalin aplicado à superfície também afetaram em menor intensidade. 0 sistema radicular foi mais afetado pelo pendimethalin e vernolate. A cultivar Santa Rosa foi a que se mostrou mais sensível aos herbicidas utilizados .
Influência de diferentes substratos na germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de Vigna sinensis
Authors: Castro Paulo R.C. , Gamero Carlos A. , Buli Leonardo T. , Lima Sérgio L.
Published: June 2011

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eficiência de diversos substratos na germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de vigna. Foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: casca de mamona + solo; casca de mamona + sílica; xaxim + solo; xaxim + sílica; sphagnum + solo; sphagnum + sílica; solo e sílica, todas as misturas na proporção 1:1, em condições de vasos e de canteiros (covas); sendo que os ensaios foram realizados em condições de casa de vegetação. A avaliação dos tratamentos foi efetuada determinando-se a altura e o peso da matéria seca das plintulas. Os resultados mostraram que, (a) em condições de vasos, os melhores tratamentos foram: xaxim + solo, xaxim + sílica e sphagnum + solo; (b) os tratamentos onde utilizou-se casca de mamona impediram a germinação das sementes de vigna e; (c) os tratamentos em canteiros sofreram influência do solo adjacente.
A Sessão de Nomenclatura de St. Louis e comentários sobre algumas propostas para o novo Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica
Authors: Prado Jefferson , Filgueiras Tarciso S , Kameyama Cíntia , Ferreira Washington M
Published: June 2011

O presente artigo traz informações relevantes sobre os trabalhos desenvolvidos durante a última Sessão de Nomenclatura da International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), realizada na cidade de St. Louis, Missouri, EUA, no período de 23-30/julho/1999. São também apresentados comentários sobre algumas propostas (tanto rejeitadas quanto aceitas) para modificação do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica. Apresenta-se relação dos membros da próxima Diretoria Executiva da IAPT e dos membros dos seus diferentes comitês de trabalho, inclusive o Comitê Editorial do novo Código (Código de St. Louis).
Part 1: Background, Methodology, and Clinical Adoption of Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Deenen Maarten J. , Cats Annemieke , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H.M.
Published: June 2011

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Differentiate the candidate gene and genome-wide approaches to pharmacogenetic research and the impact of each on clinical study results.Describe the clinical implications of pharmacogenetic variability and its potential role in individualized treatment of patients with cancer.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Equivalent drug doses may lead to wide interpatient variability with regard to drug response, reflected by differences in drug activity and normal tissue toxicity. A major factor responsible for this variability is variation among patients in their genetic constitution. Genetic polymorphism may affect the activity of proteins encoded, which in turn may lead to changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of a drug, observed as differences in drug transport, drug metabolism, and pharmacodynamic drug effects. Recent insights into the functional effect of polymorphism in genes that are involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer drugs have provided opportunities for patient-tailored therapy in oncology. Individualized pharmacotherapy based on genotype will help to increase treatment efficacy while reducing unnecessary toxicity, especially of drugs characterized by a narrow therapeutic window, such as anticancer drugs.

We provide a series of four reviews aimed at implementing pharmacogenetic-based drug and dose prescription in the daily clinical setting for the practicing oncologist. This first part in the series describes the functional impact of genetic polymorphism and provides a general background to and insight into possible clinical consequences of pharmacogenetic variability. It also discusses different methodologies for clinical pharmacogenetic studies and provides a concise overview about the different laboratory technologies for genetic mutation analysis that are currently widely applied. Subsequently, pharmacogenetic association studies in anticancer drug transport, phase I and II drug metabolism, and pharmacodynamic drug effects are discussed in the rest of the series. Opportunities for patient-tailored pharmacotherapy are highlighted.
Targeting Angiogenesis in Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Okines Alicia F.C. , Reynolds Andrew R. , Cunningham David
Published: June 2011

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the receptors and ligands with identified roles in tumor angiogenesis and the mechanism of action of established and investigational antiangiogenic agents.Describe aspects of antiangiogenic agents that are incompletely understood and need further investigation to define their role in esophagogastric cancer.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

The possibility of targeting tumor angiogenesis was postulated almost 40 years ago. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors have since been characterized and extensively studied. VEGF overexpression is a common finding in solid tumors, including esophagogastric cancer, and frequently correlates with poor prognosis. Monoclonal antibodies, soluble receptors, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, and antiangiogenic therapy is now a component of standard treatment for advanced renal cell, hepatocellular, colorectal, breast, and non-small cell lung carcinomas. The small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib have been evaluated in phase II studies in esophagogastric cancer but appear to have only modest activity. Similarly, despite promising efficacy signals from phase II studies, the addition of the anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody bevacizumab to cisplatin plus capecitabine failed to result in a longer overall survival duration than with the chemotherapy doublet plus placebo. The response rate and progression-free survival interval were significantly greater with bevacizumab, confirming some efficacy in advanced gastric cancer, but with inadequate benefit to justify the high cost of treatment. Evaluation of bevacizumab in the neoadjuvant and perioperative settings continues, hypothesizing that a higher response rate will translate into longer survival in patients with operable disease. Despite extensive research, the discovery of a reliable predictive biomarker for antiangiogenic therapy continues to elude the scientific and oncology communities, and mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance are incompletely understood. We are therefore currently unable to personalize antiangiogenic therapy for established indications, or use molecular selection for clinical trials evaluating novel indications.
Tumor Status at 12 Weeks Predicts Survival in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Findings from NCCTG N9741
Authors: Heun James M. , Grothey Axel , Branda Megan E. , Goldberg Richard M. , Sargent Daniel J.
Published: June 2011

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain the difference in survival prediction between response criteria (WHO) when used as a two-level variable (CR/PR vs. other) and as a three-level variable (CR/PR vs. SD vs. PD).Describe the limited benefit of using actual tumor measurements over traditional criteria (as a three-level variable) in predicting survival in colorectal cancer.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.

We explored the prognostic value of actual tumor measurements (TM) versus World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as three-level (responder, stable, and progression) and two-level (responder and non-responder) variables at 12 and 24 weeks as predictors of survival in Intergroup Trial N9741, a phase III trial in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods.

All patients with measurable disease (N = 1,188) were included. The percentage changes in TM from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks were calculated. The prognostic values of TM versus WHO criteria (as three- and two-level variables) at 12 and 24 weeks were compared, using Cox models for overall survival (OS) in a landmark analysis, adjusting for baseline tumor size, performance status, and treatment arm.

Results.

Tumor status at 12 weeks by WHO criteria (three or two levels) or actual TM were all strongly associated with OS. Actual TM provided no meaningful additional benefit compared with the three-level WHO criteria. Tumor status at 24 weeks was also strongly associated with survival, but added no additional prognostic value compared with the 12-week assessment. At 12 weeks, actual TM improved prognostic characterization of patients with WHO status of response, but provided no additional value in patients with stable disease or progression.

Conclusions.

In N9741, the use of actual TM, or following tumor status beyond 12 weeks, did not improve survival prediction compared with a single three-level response assessment at 12 weeks, suggesting that 12-week tumor status could be an appropriate phase II trial endpoint in metastatic CRC.
Design parameters for geosynthetic dewatering tubes derived from pressure filtration tests
Authors: Cantré S. , Saathoff F.
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT: Geosynthetic tubes are increasingly being used for dewatering projects processing many different types of sludge, such as dredged materials, industrial and sewage sludge. Although there is still a lack of reliable design procedures, especially with respect to determination of the time needed for the dewatering of sludge inside a geosynthetic tube, a variety of scientific publications have applied pressure filtration tests to determine the one-dimensional filtration and consolidation characteristics of various combinations of sludge and geotextile filters. A series of pressure filtration tests were conducted on different combinations of dredged materials and geotextile filters to observe the benefits and limitations of the method with respect to geotextile tube dewatering. In this paper the application possibilities and derived values of pressure filtration tests are discussed. The main limitations could be detected for those derived values that are dependent on the test set-up. Each of the research institutes that has published on pressure filtration testing used a different apparatus. Thus the dependence of the derived results on the specific test set-up limits both the analysis itself, and the comparability of results. In particular, the value of filtration efficiency, which has frequently been used by researchers, proved to be of little significance in describing a filtration project.
Measuring Consumers' Attachment to Geographical Indications
Authors: Hassan Daniel , Monier-Dilhan Sylvette , Orozco Valérie
Published: June 2011

Geographical Indications (GIs) are considered as upmarket products because they are based on tradition and convey information about their geographical origin. Otherwise, the limitation of the geographical areas devoted to GIs and the exclusivity they benefit on the product lead to suspicions of monopoly power. Quality and market power should however reflect a stronger attachment, making consumers less price sensitive than for standard goods. This research aims to compare theses conjectures to empirical measures concerning the French cheese market. Price elasticities are computed from a demand model on 21 products, 11 Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) products and 10 non PDOs. The results are counterintuitive, PDOs being as price elastic as or more price elastic than standard products. This finding thus challenges the widespread idea that PDOs systematically correspond to high quality. It also has important implications in terms of competition policy, showing that PDO cheeses suppliers cannot decide on price increases without suffering large reductions in demand.
Slip velosity in pulsed disc and doughnut extraction columns
Authors: Torab-Mostaedi Meisam , Jalilvand Hossein , Outokesh Mohammad
Published: June 2011

In the present work, slip velocity has been measured in a 76 mm diameter
pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column for four different liquid-liquid
systems. The effects of operating variables including pulsation intensity and
dispersed and continuous phase flow rates on slip velocity have been
investigated. The existence of three different operational regimes, namely
mixer-settler, transition, and emulsion regimes, was observed when the energy
input was changed. Empirical correlations are derived for prediction of the
slip velocity in terms of operating variables, physical properties of the
liquid systems, and column geometry for different regimes. Good agreement
between prediction and experiments was found for all operating conditions
that were investigated.
Stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of desvenlafaxine in pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Shah Dimal , Nakrani Riddhi , Baldania Sunil , Chhalotiya Usmangani , Bhatt Kashyap
Published: June 2011

A simple, sensitive, precise and stability indicating liquid chromatographic
method has been developed for the estimation of desvenlafaxine succinate in
pharmaceutical dosage form. A Hypersil C-18, 5 mm column with a mobile phase
containing 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate: methanol (60:40 v/v) pH 7
was used. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 226
nm. The retention time of desvenlafaxine was 7.4 min and the method was
linear in the range of 0.1-20 ?g/mL. Desvenlafaxine stock solution was
subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, chemical oxidation and dry heat
degradation. The drug was found to be susceptible to base hydrolysis and
developed method was found to give good separation between the pure drug and
the degraded product. The method was successfully applied to the estimation
of desvenlafaxine in tablet dosage forms.
Evolution of Renal Hyperfiltration and Arterial Stiffness From Adolescence Into Early Adulthood in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cherney David Z.I. , Sochett Etienne B.
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE

To determine, in a small but carefully physiologically characterized cohort of subjects with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, the changes in renal hemodynamic function and arterial stiffness that occur over time as the participants transitioned from adolescence into early adulthood. The classical paradigm for type 1 diabetes suggests that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines in patients with renal hyperfiltration, but the natural history of peripheral vascular function abnormalities in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes is less well understood, particularly as patients transition from adolescence to early adulthood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Renal hemodynamic function (inulin and p-aminohippuric acid clearance), blood pressure, arterial stiffness (radial augmentation index), albumin excretion, and circulating renin-angiotensin system measures were obtained during clamped euglycemia at baseline and at follow-up 6.8 ± 2.5 years later in 10 patients with hyperfiltration (GFR ≥135 mL/min/1.73 m2) and in 8 with normofiltration.

RESULTS

Compared with baseline values, GFR (171 ± 20 to 120 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) and filtration fraction (FF, 0.24 ± 0.06 to 0.18 ± 0.03) declined in hyperfilterers (ANOVA P ≤ 0.033), and renal vascular resistance increased (0.0678 ± 0.0135 to 0.0783 ± 0.0121 mmHg/L/min, P = 0.017). GFR and FF did not change in normofiltering subjects. In contrast, the radial augmentation index decreased in hyperfiltering (1.2 ± 11.7 to −11.0 ± 7.8%) and normofiltering (14.3 ± 14.0 to 2.5 ± 14.6%) subjects (within-group changes, ANOVA P ≤ 0.030). The decline in circulating aldosterone levels was similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

During the transition from adolescence to early adulthood, hyperfiltration is not sustained in subjects with type 1 diabetes, whereas GFR remains stable in normofiltering subjects. Our findings suggest early normofiltration may predict stable renal function. In contrast, arterial stiffness decreased in all patients regardless of filtration status, suggesting that age-related increases in arterial stiffness occur at older ages.
Vibrational calculations in formaldehyde: the CH stretch system
Authors: Rashev Svetoslav , Moule David
Published: June 2011

An alternative procedure for the calculation of highly excited vibrational levels in S0 formaldehyde was developed to apply to larger molecules. It is based on a new set of symmetrized vibrational valence coordinates. The fully symmetrized vibrational kinetic energy operator is derived in these coordinates using the Handy expression [Molec. Phys. 61, 207 (1987)]. The potential energy surface is expressed as a fully symmetrized quartic expansion in the coordinates. We have performed ab initio electronic computations using GAMESS to obtain all force constants of the S0 formaldehyde quartic force field. Our large scale vibrational calculations are based on a fully symmetrized vibrational basis set, in product form. The vibrational levels are calculated one by one using an artificial intelligence search/selection procedure and subsequent Lanczos iteration, providing access to extremely high vibrational energies. In this work special attention has been given to the CH stretch system by calculating the energies up to the fifth CH stretch overtone at ∼16000 cm−1, but the method has also been tested on two highly excited combination levels including other lower frequency modes.
The role of Mg2FeH6 formation on the hydrogenation properties of MgH2-FeFx composites
Authors: Malka Iwona , Czujko Tomasz , Bystrzycki Jerzy , Jaroszewicz Leszek
Published: June 2011

The hydrogenation properties of magnesium hydride mechanically milled with iron fluorides (FeF2 and FeF3), were investigated by Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and volumetric methods using a Sieverts-type apparatus, as prepared upon dehydrogenation and finally upon subsequent hydrogenation. The activation energy of hydrogen desorption (Ea), calculated from the Kissinger formula using TPD measurements obtained with different heating rates, showed significant decreases of Ea in comparison to that of milled MgH2 without any dopants. Moreover, the influence of these metal fluorides on the thermodynamics of the decomposition process was also examined. In the case of the FeF2 dopant, rehydrogenation following desorption caused the complete decomposition of the iron fluoride to BCC iron and the formation of a predominant MgH2 phase. In contrast to FeF2, the addition of FeF3 led to the formation of β-MgH2 as a major phase coexisting with Mg2FeH6 and MgF2 compounds. The presence of pure Fe in the MgH2+FeF2 composite, as opposed to MgH2+FeF3 containing Mg2FeH6 and MgF2, did not cause any significant influence on the sorption properties of MgH2. Moreover, the original material doped with FeF3 predominantly showed iron in the Mg2FeH6 compound, while the FeF2 dopant iron mostly showed the nearly pure BCC metallic phase
Crystallographic and structural characterisation of heterometallic platinum compounds: Part I. Heterobinuclear Pt compounds
Authors: Holloway Clive , Melnik Milan
Published: June 2011

This review covers almost 290 heterobinuclear Pt derivatives. When the heterometals (M) are non transition and the binuclear are found both with and without a metal to metal bond. Where M is a transition metal or actinide, only those with a metal-metal bond have been included here. There are thirteen non-transition metals (Sn, Hg, Ge, Sb, Tl, Zn, Pb, Cd, Na, K, Ga, Ca and In). The shortest Pt-M bond distance is 235.2(1) (Pt-Ge). There are eighteen transition metals (Fe, W, Rh, Re, Pd, Ag, Ir, Mo, Mn, Re, Co, Cu, Cr, Au, Ni, Ti, Ta and V). The shortest Pt-M bond distance is 249.5(2) pm (Pt-Cr). There is one example of an actinide, Pt-Th at 298.4(1) pm. The Pt atom has oxidation numbers 0, +2 and +4. The Pt coordination geometries include square planar (most common), trigonal bipyramidal, pseudo octahedral (Pt(IV)) and a few prevalently capped trigonal prismatic seven coordinate species. There are at least two types of isomerism distortion and polymerisation. Factors affecting bond lengths and angles are discussed and some ambiguities in coordination polyhedra are outlined.
Distances in Probability Space and the Statistical Complexity Setup
Authors: Kowalski Andres M. , Martín Maria Teresa , Plastino Angelo , Rosso Osvaldo A. , Casas Montserrat
Published: June 2011

Statistical complexity measures (SCM) are the composition of two ingredients: (i) entropies and (ii) distances in probability-space. In consequence, SCMs provide a simultaneous quantification of the randomness and the correlational structures present in the system under study. We address in this review important topics underlying the SCM structure, viz., (a) a good choice of probability metric space and (b) how to assess the best distance-choice, which in this context is called a “disequilibrium” and is denoted with the letter Q. Q, indeed the crucial SCM ingredient, is cast in terms of an associated distance D. Since out input data consists of time-series, we also discuss the best way of extracting from the time series a probability distribution P. As an illustration, we show just how these issues affect the description of the classical limit of quantum mechanics.
Spatial Analysis of Urban Form and Pedestrian Exposure to Traffic Noise
Authors: Sheng Ni , Tang U. Wa
Published: June 2011

In the Macao Peninsula, the high population density (49,763 inhabitants/km2) and the lack of control over the number of vehicles (460 vehicles/km) have led to an increase in urban pollution. To provide useful information to local government and urban planners, this paper investigates the spatial distribution of traffic noise in the Macao Peninsula. The interactions among urban form, traffic flow and traffic noise are addressed. Considering the spatial nature of urban geometry and traffic, a high-resolution GIS-based traffic noise model system is applied. Results indicate that the Macao Peninsula has fallen into a situation of serious traffic noise pollution. About 60% of traffic noise levels along the major pedestrian sidewalks in the evening peak hour exceed the National Standard of 70 dB(A) in China. In particular, about 21% of traffic noise levels along the pedestrian sidewalks are above the National Standard by 5 dB(A). Noticeably, the high pedestrian exposure to traffic noise in the historical urban area reduces the comfort of tourists walking in the historic centre and is ruining the reputation of the area as a World Cultural Heritage site.
The Hildebrand Solubility Parameters of Ionic Liquids—Part 2
Authors: Marciniak Andrzej
Published: June 2011

The Hildebrand solubility parameters have been calculated for eight ionic liquids. Retention data from the inverse gas chromatography measurements of the activity coefficients at infinite dilution were used for the calculation. From the solubility parameters, the enthalpies of vaporization of ionic liquids were estimated. Results are compared with solubility parameters estimated by different methods.
Microfluidic Technologies for Synthetic Biology
Authors: Vinuselvi Parisutham , Park Seongyong , Kim Minseok , Park Jung Min , Kim Taesung , Lee Sung Kuk
Published: June 2011

Microfluidic technologies have shown powerful abilities for reducing cost, time, and labor, and at the same time, for increasing accuracy, throughput, and performance in the analysis of biological and biochemical samples compared with the conventional, macroscale instruments. Synthetic biology is an emerging field of biology and has drawn much attraction due to its potential to create novel, functional biological parts and systems for special purposes. Since it is believed that the development of synthetic biology can be accelerated through the use of microfluidic technology, in this review work we focus our discussion on the latest microfluidic technologies that can provide unprecedented means in synthetic biology for dynamic profiling of gene expression/regulation with high resolution, highly sensitive on-chip and off-chip detection of metabolites, and whole-cell analysis.
Zebrafish Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase–Like 1 (zcdkl1): Identification and Functional Characterization
Authors: Hsu Li-Sung , Liang Cyong-Jhih , Tseng Chen-Yuan , Yeh Chi-Wei , Tsai Jen-Ning
Published: June 2011

The cyclin-dependent protein kinase family regulates a wide range of cellular functions such as cell cycle progression, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we identified a zebrafish cyclin-dependent protein kinase-like 1 protein called zebrafish cdkl1 (zcdkl1), which shared a high degree of homology and conserved synteny with mammalian orthologs. zcdkl1 exhibited abilities for phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone H1. RT-PCR analysis revealed that zcdkl1 was expressed starting from fertilization and continuing thereafter. In adult tissues, zcdkl1 was predominantly detected in brain, ovary, and testis, and was expressed at low levels in other tissues. At 50% epiboly stage, zcdkl1 was widely expressed. At 12 to 48 h post-fertilization, zcdkl1 was predominantly expressed in the hypochord, the medial and lateral floor plate, and the pronephric duct. Interference of zcdkl1 expression resulted in abnormalities, such as brain and eye malformation, pericardial edema, and body axis curvature. Disruption of zcdkl1 reduced neurogenin-1 in the brain and sonic hedgehog expression in the floor plate region. These deformities were apparently rescued by co-injection of zcdkl1 mRNA. Findings of this study indicate that zcdkl1 plays an essential role in zebrafish development.
New Catechol Derivatives of Safrole and Their Antiproliferative Activity towards Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Madrid Villegas Alejandro , Espinoza Catalán Luis , Montenegro Venegas Iván , Villena García Joan , Carrasco Altamirano Héctor
Published: June 2011

Catechols were synthesized from safrole. Nine derivatives were prepared and assessed for antiproliferative effects using different human cell lines. The in vitro growth inhibition assay was based on the sulphorhodamine dye to quantify cell viability. The derivatives 4-allylbenzene-1,2-diol (3), 4 4-[3-(acetyloxy)propyl]-1,2-phenylene diacetate (6) and 4-[3-(acetyloxy)propyl]-5-nitro-1,2-phenylene diacetate (10) showed higher cytotoxicity than the parent compound 2 in tests performed on two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The IC50 values of 40.2 ± 6.9 μM, 5.9 ± 0.8 μM and 33.8 ± 4.9 μM, respectively, were obtained without toxicity towards dermal human fibroblast (DHF cells).
Triterpenoids from the Roots of Sanguisorba tenuifolia var. Alba
Authors: Kuang Hai-Xue , Li Hong-Wei , Wang Qiu-Hong , Yang Bing-You , Wang Zhi-Bin , Xia Yong-Gang
Published: June 2011

The ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the roots of Sanguisorba tenuifolia was found to have a hypoglucemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Two new triterpenoids, identified as 2-oxo-3β,19α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid β-D-gluco-pyranosyl ester (1) and 2α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4) were isolated from this fraction, along with thirteen known triterpenoids. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. All these compounds demonstrated inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase with IC50 values in the 0.62-3.62 mM range.
Terahertz Active Photonic Crystals for Condensed Gas Sensing
Authors: Benz Alexander , Deutsch Christoph , Brandstetter Martin , Andrews Aaron M. , Klang Pavel , Detz Hermann , Schrenk Werner , Strasser Gottfried , Unterrainer Karl
Published: June 2011

The terahertz (THz) spectral region, covering frequencies from 1 to 10 THz, is highly interesting for chemical sensing. The energy of rotational and vibrational transitions of molecules lies within this frequency range. Therefore, chemical fingerprints can be derived, allowing for a simple detection scheme. Here, we present an optical sensor based on active photonic crystals (PhCs), i.e., the pillars are fabricated directly from an active THz quantum-cascade laser medium. The individual pillars are pumped electrically leading to laser emission at cryogenic temperatures. There is no need to couple light into the resonant structure because the PhC itself is used as the light source. An injected gas changes the resonance condition of the PhC and thereby the laser emission frequency. We achieve an experimental frequency shift of 10−3 times the center lasing frequency. The minimum detectable refractive index change is 1.6 × 10−5 RIU.
Probabilistic Dynamic Deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Ozturk Celal , Karaboga Dervis , Gorkemli Beyza
Published: June 2011

As the usage and development of wireless sensor networks are increasing, the problems related to these networks are being realized. Dynamic deployment is one of the main topics that directly affect the performance of the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the artificial bee colony algorithm is applied to the dynamic deployment of stationary and mobile sensor networks to achieve better performance by trying to increase the coverage area of the network. A probabilistic detection model is considered to obtain more realistic results while computing the effectively covered area. Performance of the algorithm is compared with that of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is also a swarm based optimization technique and formerly used in wireless sensor network deployment. Results show artificial bee colony algorithm can be preferable in the dynamic deployment of wireless sensor networks.
A Retrospective Data Analysis of Two Academic Nurse-Managed Wellness Center Sites
Authors: Resick Lenore K. , Leonardo Maureen E. , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Stewart Jennifer , Goss Cari , Ellison Tammy M.
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this study was to describe the trends, themes, and outcomes of interventions over time within and between two academic nurse-managed wellness center (NMWC) sites. Documentation of wellness interventions and outcomes of these interventions presented ongoing challenges. The Omaha System was used as a documentation system to capture both interventions and client outcomes. A retrospective chart analysis revealed that the most commonly reported problems were circulation and nutrition. Interventions focused on teaching, guidance, and counseling; subsequently, the outcomes of knowledge, behavior, and status increased modestly with time for the older adult clients who attended these NMWC sites.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Cadogan Mary P.
Published: June 2011

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is becoming more frequent as the population ages and is now the most common spinal diagnosis for individuals older than 65. Because LSS is a common source of pain and disability among older adults, understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and clinical management of this condition is important. An individual example is used to highlight classic signs and symptoms. Nursing strategies for LSS-associated pain and symptom management to improve physical function and quality of life are discussed.
Efficacy of Composite Allograft and Demineralized Bone Matrix Graft in Treating Tibial Plateau Fractures with Bone Loss
Authors: Newman Justin T. , Smith Wade R. , Ziran Bruce H. , Hasenboehler Erik A. , Stahel Philip F. , Morgan Steven J.
Published: June 2011

Tibial plateau fractures with bone loss or significant comminution require grafting and stable fixation. We hypothesized a standardized protocol of internal fixation augmented with a mixture of demineralized bone matrix and corticocancellous allograft chips would result in high healing rates with minimal subsidence. Union was achieved in all 36 patients available for follow-up by a mean of 4.4 months. Mean range of motion was 2° to 120°. One patient developed osteomyelitis. Subsidence ranging from 2.5 to 5.7 mm occurred in 4 patients (11%). This treatment method provides sufficient structural integrity with a high union rate and a low complication rate.
Comparison of Bony Healing and Cartilage Degeneration Following Strut Grafting and Trapdoor Procedures in an Ovine Model
Authors: Yilmaz Cengiz , Golpinar Alper , Yilmaz Necat , Aktas Savas , Ayan Irfan
Published: June 2011

This experimental study compared bony healing and cartilage degeneration following strut grafting and trapdoor procedures for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in an ovine model. Osteonecrosis and a bony defect were created surgically in 16 hips of 8 Merino sheep, and the index grafting procedures were performed in a second session. Three months after surgery, the hips treated by strut grafting yielded better articular cartilage protection and bony healing compared to the osteonecrosis groups. The trapdoor group yielded better bony healing compared to the rest of the groups, but the grafts and the osteochondral flaps failed to unite with the host bone. These findings indicate elevating the osteochondral flap during the trapdoor procedure injures the cartilage and may cause degeneration.
Arthroscopic Capsular Shrinkage for Chronic Ankle Instability with Thermal Radiofrequency: Prospective Multicenter Trial
Authors: de Vries Jasper S. , Krips Rover , Blankevoort Leendert , Fievez Alex W.F.M. , van Dijk C. Niek
Published: June 2011

The study was designed as a prospective multicenter longitudinal trial. Adult patients with symptomatic mechanical chronic ankle instability, not improving with conservative therapy, were included and underwent surgery. Primary outcome measures were radiological and manually tested mechanical laxity. Secondary outcome measures were number of complications, reoperations and symptoms, range of motion, and functional (ankle) scores (Karlsson and SF-36 score). The latest follow-up was 9 months for each patient.

Thirty-nine patients underwent surgery (19 male patients; 16 right ankles; median age, 27 years). Mechanical stability showed no clinically relevant improvement whereas most secondary outcome measures showed a substantial and statistically significant improvement. One surgery-related complication occurred without functional consequences, and 3 patients underwent a secondary procedure. One was considered a treatment failure, requiring an open anatomic ligament reconstruction. The second patient sustained a severe supination trauma by starting intensive training too early, also requiring an open anatomic reconstruction. The third patient had posterior ankle pain, which was successfully treated by posterior ankle arthroscopy.

Arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage of the ankle is a safe procedure, leading to resolution of symptoms in the majority of patients with chronic ankle instability.
Increased Cell Surface Fas Expression Is Necessary and Sufficient To Sensitize Lung Fibroblasts to Fas Ligation-Induced Apoptosis: Implications for Fibroblast Accumulation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Wynes Murry W. , Edelman Benjamin L. , Kostyk Amanda G. , Edwards Michael G. , Coldren Christopher , Groshong Steve D. , Cosgrove Gregory P. , Redente Elizabeth F. , Bamberg Alison , Brown Kevin K. , Reisdorph Nichole , Keith Rebecca C. , Frankel Stephen K. , Riches David W. H.
Published: June 2011

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with the accumulation of collagen-secreting fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the lung parenchyma. Many mechanisms contribute to their accumulation, including resistance to apoptosis. In previous work, we showed that exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ reverses the resistance of lung fibroblasts to apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms. Based on an interrogation of the transcriptomes of unstimulated and TNF-α– and IFN-γ–stimulated primary lung fibroblasts and the lung fibroblast cell line MRC5, we show that among Fas-signaling pathway molecules, Fas expression was increased ∼6-fold in an NF-κB– and p38mapk-dependent fashion. Prevention of the increase in Fas expression using Fas small interfering RNAs blocked the ability of TNF-α and IFN-γ to sensitize fibroblasts to Fas ligation-induced apoptosis, whereas enforced adenovirus-mediated Fas overexpression was sufficient to overcome basal resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Examination of lung tissues from IPF patients revealed low to absent staining of Fas in fibroblastic cells of fibroblast foci. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased expression of Fas is necessary and sufficient to overcome the resistance of lung fibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis. Our findings also suggest that approaches aimed at increasing Fas expression by lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts may be therapeutically relevant in IPF.
Sabbath controversy in Matthew
Authors: Viljoen Francois P.
Published: June 2011

Jesus� attitude towards the Sabbath plays a crucial part in Matthew�s argument. Some scholars argue that Jesus provocatively broke the Sabbath law; however, an attentive reading of the Sabbath controversies revealed a different reality. Matthew strategically places the Sabbath stories after he has firmly stated Jesus� teaching on the continuing validity of the law and the requirement of greater righteousness. The law and the prophets are fulfilled in the Person of Jesus, who demonstrated a fresh approach to Sabbath observance. God�s intention with the Sabbath must also be recognised. Matthew argues not if the Sabbath should be observed, but how it should be done to experience true rest according to the will of God.
Entre o pensar e o conhecer: um lugar para a diferença na formação de professores
Authors: Freire Ida Mara
Published: June 2011

Na tentativa de distinguir o pensar e o conhecer, o artigo apresenta um exercício de pensamento como possibilidade de atividade acadêmica na formação de professores. O texto se pauta no exame crítico de algumas noções e conceitos que gravitam em torno da igualdade de direito à educação, a saber, estigma, diferença, direitos humanos, igualdade, e igualdade de oportunidades e ação a% rmativa em diálogo com alguns % lósofos contemporâneos, a saber, Hannah Arendt, Jacques Derrida, John Rawls e Peter Singer. Trilha-se um caminho que parte do juízo perceptivo e chega-se ao juízo ético, que atribui a igual consideração de interesses.