bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Predicting the Outcomes of Incomplete Triple Pelvic Osteotomy
Authors: Eceviz Engin , Uygur Esat , Söylemez Mehmet S. , Eren Abdullah
Published: June 2017

Introduction

In the present study, we identified factors affecting the outcomes of patients who underwent incomplete triple pelvic osteotomies due to acetabular dysplasia.

Methods

Data on a total of 58 hips in 50 patients for whom adequate data were available and who had undergone appropriate follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. We used Ömeroğlu scores for radiological evaluation, Harris Hip Scores for clinical evaluation, Tönnis scores to evaluate osteoarthritis progression and a modified Clavien-Dindo classification to evaluate complications.

Results

The average patient age was 23.26 (14-47) years, and the average follow-up duration 105.59 (18-191) months. The complication rate was 10.3%, and complications negatively influenced clinical outcomes. Patients with radiologically poorer outcomes had more advanced osteoarthritis. We found minimal improvements in lateral centre edge angle (LCEA), refined centre-edge angle (RCEA), and lateral acetabulum head index (LAHI) were associated with osteoarthritis progression and that good improvements in LCEA, RCEA, acetabular angle (AA), and LAHI were associated with radiological outcomes. Neither patient age at the time of operation nor development of a postoperative relative crossover sign affected osteoarthritis progression or clinical or radiological outcomes.

Conclusions

The most important factors influencing clinical outcomes were complications. However, neither postoperative acetabular retroversion nor a positive supra-equatorial crossover sign (often viewed as prognostically negative) directly affected clinical outcomes. When treating patients with acetabular dysplasia, either inadequate correction or overcorrection may negatively affect outcomes. In such patients, an incomplete triple pelvic osteotomy (allowing controlled correction) is both safe and effective.
The Contribution of School Counselors' Altruism to Their Degree of Burnout
Authors: Limberg Dodie , Lambie Glenn , Robinson E. H.
Published: June 2017

The school counselor role embodies altruistic intention and behavior, but may lead to burnout. This study tested the hypothesized directional relationship that school counselors scoring at higher levels of altruism would have lower levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment). The results of the statistical analyses supported the hypothesized relationship, indicating that altruism contributes to lower levels of burnout. This article discusses implications for school counselors and school counselor educators.
Direct observation of hand hygiene can show differences in staff compliance: Do we need to evaluate the accuracy for patient safety?
Authors: Guanche Garcell Humberto , Villanueva Arias Ariadna , Ramírez Miranda Fernando , Rubiera Jimenez Reynol , Alfonso Serrano Ramón N.
Published: June 2017

Background: Direct observation of hand hygiene is the standard practice recommended by the World Health Organization to monitor its compliance. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of hand hygiene observation performed by units' observers. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in seven patient care units in a 75-bed community hospital in Qatar. Four trained nurses performed hand hygiene observation in May 2016, any day of the week and in different shifts, following the same methodology as routine units' observers. Hand hygiene opportunities were registered, including hand hygiene moments, staff category, and actions (handrubs, hand washing, missed hand hygiene, and gloves without hand hygiene). Results: During January–May 2016, routine monitoring reported 25,319 opportunities with a compliance of 89.2%, and 91.6% for nurses, 89.6% for physicians, and 85.1% for ancillary staff. Trained external observers reported 815 opportunities and compliance of 54.7%, with the highest compliance observed after blood and body fluid exposure (80.0%) and after patient contact (85.5%), and the lowest figures before patient contact (34.2%) and before aseptic procedure (34.0%). Conclusion: This study provides essential information about the accuracy of the monitoring procedure and the compliance of hand hygiene that requires immediate action to protect patients and staff from healthcare-associated infections.
Association between omeprazole use and Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients: A case–control study of the Saudi population
Authors: Al Otaibi Hazza , Ahmed Anwar E. , Alammari Maha
Published: June 2017

Background: While few international studies have assessed the association between omeprazole use and the risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), research into this is lacking in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East region. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to omeprazole is associated with the risk of Clostridium difficile infection in a sample of hospitalized Saudi patients. Methodology: A retrospective matched case–control study was conducted at the King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 1 August 2010 through 31 July 2015. The analysis included a total of 200 patients: 100 CDI cases and 100 matched controls. Results: The majority (60%, 120 out of 200) of patients had received proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and a minority (18.5%, 37 out of 200) had received omeprazole. The PPI use was insignificantly higher in CDI cases than in controls. However, the use of omeprazole was significantly higher in CDI cases compared with controls. Specifically, patients receiving omeprazole were two times more likely to develop CDI compared with controls (aOR = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.007–4.437)). After adjusting for potential predictors of CDI, watery diarrhea (aOR = 59.1, 95% CI = 19.831–175.974) and abdominal pain (aOR = 7.5, 95% CI = 2.184–25.445) were found to be independent predictors of CDI. Conclusions: The data suggests that PPIs were commonly used in patients admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh: six out of ten patients received PPIs. The findings support a possible association between the use of omeprazole and a high risk of CDI. To confirm causality, the link between omeprazole and CDI should be assessed in a large interventional study.
El papel de la inversión social para garantizar la cobertura del valor de la fuerza de trabajo y su impacto en la productividad: énfasis en los programas del Sistema de Protección Social Universal
Authors: Gasteazoro Franco Alejandro Salvador , Hernández Pleitez Cecilia Janet , López Díaz Meraris Carolina , Quintanilla Rivera Patricia Alejandra
Published: June 2017

Esta investigación plantea la necesidad de la intervención del Estado a través de los programas sociales para completar las necesidades insatisfechas de la población salvadoreña como resultado de los bajos salarios, no solo para mejorar las capacidades de la fuerza de trabajo, sino también para mejorar la productividad laboral y con esto la economía. Esta vinculación se sustenta a partir de la teoría de la cobertura del valor de la fuerza de trabajo y otros enfoques. Adicionalmente, se comprueban empíricamente (haciendo unarevisión histórica del gasto social) mayores niveles de inversión social apartir de 2009, con la creación del Sistema de Protección Social Universal(SPSU). Además, a través de indicadores globales se comprueban losefectos negativos de la descobertura de las dimensiones de la fuerza detrabajo. Finalmente, se presentan los avances y limitaciones del SPSU y unaserie de propuestas para mejorar la inversión social en El Salvador.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 143-144, 2015: 115-149
Documentos del Seminario Fondo de Investigación UCA 2012-13
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 143-144, 2015: 151-152
The Diagonal Model of Job Satisfaction and Motivation: Extracted from the Logical Comparison of Content and Process Theories
Authors: Sahito Zafarullah , Vaisanen Pertti
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the strongest areas of all prime theories of job satisfaction and motivation to create a new multidimensional model. This model relies on all explored areas from the logical comparison of content and process theories to understand the phenomenon of job satisfaction and motivation of employees. The model consists of the whole picture of the professional life of employees and the requirements of organisations to fulfil employees’ basic and fundamental needs and lead them towards the highly successful ratio to achieve personal, professional and organisational goals. The resulting model would be strong and easy to use by all stakeholders (i.e. employees, heads of departments and the organisation) to gain first-hand knowledge of the employees’ level of satisfaction, motivation, performance and product. Because the measurement of every employee action and organisational policy would be calculated through different values, the evaluation generated through this model consists of top to bottom and bottom to top diagonal approaches as well as the central value of the model.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Elective Spinal Surgery
Authors: Chen Eric Yensen , Stratton Corinne , Mercer Brian , Hohler Anna , Tannoury Tony Y. , Tannoury Chadi
Published: June 2017

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by ascending motor weakness of the extremities that can ascend to the diaphragm, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. This case report describes a 57-year-old man who exhibited characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome 9 days after undergoing lumbar fusion at L3-S1. The diagnosis was based on the patient’s ascending motor weakness and areflexia and was confirmed with electromyography. The patient progressed to respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation. He regained motor function and ambulation within 6 months. Although the syndrome typically manifests initially as ascending paralysis, this patient’s initial symptom was new-onset atrial fibrillation, a sign of autonomic dysfunction. Because it can cause paralysis and respiratory failure, Guillain-Barré syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis whenever motor weakness is observed after lumbar surgery. The timing of symptoms, imaging results, and the development of atypical symptoms can help distinguish this rare possibility from other postoperative spinal complications.
Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Further Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Kao Chung-Wei , Wan Jer-Yuh
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and GDP in Taiwan. By applying the method of Gonzalo and Pitarakis (2006), we consider the possibility of significant threshold effects within the long-run relationship between the two variables, where the effect is trigged by changes in the phase of the business cycle. The Granger-causality test in a threshold model indicates the relationship between energy consumption and GDP is regime-dependent. A bidirectional relationship between these two variables is observed in the contractionary regime, implying that energy serves as an engine of economic growth and that reductions in energy use will have adverse effects on economic activities. On the other hand, a unidirectional causality running from GDP to energy consumption is detected in the expansionary regime. It indicates energy conservation is feasible in this regime with little or no detrimental effects on economic growth. The policy implications are that energy use and economic growth are jointly reinforcing each other during recessionary periods. However, in periods of high economic growth when energy consumption cannot bring about economic growth, energy conservation policies should be adopted with more aggressive thinking.
Central Bank Independence, Financial Instability and Politics: New Evidence for OECD and Non-OECD Countries
Authors: B. Pistoresi , M. Cavicchioli , G. Brevini
Published: June 2017

This paper analyses the determinants of a new index of central bank independence, recently provided by Dincer and Eichengreen (2014), using a large database of economic, political and institutional variables. Our sample includes data for 31 OECD and 49 non-OECD economies and covers the period 1998-2010. To this aim, we implement factorial and regression analysis to synthesize information and overcome limitations such as omitted variables, multicollinearity and overfitting. The results confirm the role of the IMF loans program to guide all the economies in their choice of more independent central banks. Financial instability, recession and low inflation work in the opposite direction with governments relying extensively on central bank money to finance public expenditure and central banks’ political and operational autonomy is inevitably undermined. Finally, only for non-OECD economies, the degree of central bank independence responds to various measures of strength of political institutions and party political instability.
Fluorescent organic cations for human OCT2 transporters screening: uptake in CHO cells stably expressing hOCT2
Authors: Ugwu Malachy C. , Pelis Ryan , Esimone Charles O. , Agu Remigius U.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of amiloride, rhodamine 6G and rhodamine 123 as non-radioactive substrates for characterizing hOCT2 using CHO cells. The uptake characteristics of these compounds were compared in wild-type (WT) and human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2)-stably transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. All the compounds were accumulated by the CHO-hOCT2 cells. Intracellular uptake of the compounds was higher in CHO cells stably-expressing hOCT2 compared to the WT. The uptake was concentration–dependent and saturable (except for rhodamine 123). The affinities of the compounds for the hOCT2 (in descending order) were: amiloride (Km = 72.63 ± 12.02 µM) > rhodamine 6 G (Km = 82.47 ± 29.15 µM). Uptake of amiloride in transfected cells was pH -dependent and significantly inhibited by hOCT2 inhibitors (quinine, verapamil and quinidine). Based on our kinetic data and other considerations, we recommend the use of amiloride for characterizing hOCT2 transporters.
Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Endobronchial Ultrasound–Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspirations for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society
Authors: Jain Deepali , Allen Timothy Craig , Aisner Dara L. , Beasley Mary Beth , Cagle Philip T. , Capelozzi Vera Luiza , Hariri Lida P. , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Miller Ross , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Monaco Sara E. , Moreira Andre , Raparia Kirtee , Rekhtman Natasha , Roden Anja Christiane , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , da Cunha Santos Gilda , Thunnissen Erik , Troncone Giancarlo , Vivero Marina
Published: June 2017

Context.—

Endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has emerged as a very useful tool in the field of diagnostic respiratory cytology. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of EBUS-TBNA not only has the potential to improve diagnostic yield of the procedure but also to triage samples for predictive molecular testing to guide personalized treatments for lung cancer.

Objective.—

To provide an overview of the current status of the literature regarding ROSE of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Data Sources.—

An electronic literature search in PubMed and Google databases was performed using the following key words: cytology, lung cancer, on-site evaluation, rapid on-site evaluation, and ROSE EBUS-TBNA. Only articles published in English were included in this review.

Conclusions.—

Rapid on-site evaluation can ensure that the targeted lesion is being sampled and can enable appropriate specimen triage. If available, it should be used with EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of lung cancer because it can minimize repeat procedures for additional desired testing (ie, molecular studies). Some studies have shown that ROSE does not adversely affect the number of aspirations, total procedure time of EBUS-TBNA, or the rate of postprocedure complications; it is also helpful in providing a preliminary diagnosis that can reduce the number of additional invasive procedures, such as mediastinoscopy. As EBUS technology continues to evolve, our knowledge of the role of ROSE in EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of lung cancer will also continue to grow and evolve.
From the Editor: Change Must Be Served
Authors: Trott Barry
Published: June 2017

As I write this column in April, it is National Poetry Month, and I have been reading a lot of poems, old and new. I came across Ruth Lechlitner’s 1938 poem “Change Must Be Served,” in which she says, “They who fear change nest in the now-moment.”1 There is a lot of change going on in our world, in our communities, and in our libraries, and it becomes very easy to do just what Lechlitner describes. We often find it easier to turn away from the relentless and difficult questions that these changes raise than to reflect on what they mean for us as librarians and as members of a community.
Information Literacy and Instruction: Teaching and Learning Alternatives: A Global Overview
Authors: Grassian Esther
Published: June 2017

Your communities need your help more than ever, in so many ways—job, healthcare, and college and occupational study applications, workplace research and problem solving, research paper and homework help, and many other community-related issues, like accessing laws and regulations. How do you address these needs when there are so many people needing your help, at any time of the day or night, almost anywhere in the world, but also right in front of you at a physical reference desk? Face-to-face personal help is still invaluable, but reference work has expanded in many ways. It includes, but goes beyond, fact finding. Reference librarians help people learn how to learn so they can participate fully in their societies as informed and knowledgeable citizens. This column takes a look at how librarians and others around the world are identifying what people need to learn for this purpose, and how to help them learn it. This column and the sites listed at the end of it provide ideas and approaches that could be used or adapted to help the people in your communities achieve this goal. Note: I gratefully acknowledge Susan Gardner Archambault (Loyola Marymount University), Dr. Jane Secker (London School of Economics), and Sarah LeMire (Texas A& M University), co-editor of this column, for their very helpful comments and suggestions.—Editor, Esther Grassian
Hacking the Literature Review: Opportunities and Innovations to Improve the Research Process
Authors: Lubke Jennifer , Paulus Trena M. , Britt Virginia G. , Atkins David P.
Published: June 2017

Research outputs across the academic disciplines are almost exclusively published electronically. Organizing and managing these digital resources for purposes of review, and with the technical savvy to do so, are now essential skills for graduate study and life in academia. Paradoxically, digital and web-based technologies provide greater ease and efficiency with which to gather mass amounts of information, while at the same time presenting new challenges for reading, analyzing, organizing, and storing resources. Students, scholars, and the librarians who support them must adopt and refine practices to convert from paper-full to paperless literature review. This article proposes a methodical, reproducible, three-stage process that harnesses the power digital tools bring to the research cycle, regardless of the user’s preferred platform or operating system. Focusing just on the literature review phase, we develop a conceptual framework, illustrated with concrete tips and advice for storing and organizing, reading and annotating, and analyzing and writing. We demonstrate how a researcher’s self-selected suite of tools may be used to complement and even overcome the limitations of comprehensive academic literature and composition platforms such as Docear and F1000Workspace, especially regarding qualitative data analysis software for analyzing and coding research literature. Using these techniques, librarians can become teachers and research partners supporting the skill development of faculty and students.
Book Review: Creating Inclusive Library Environments: A Planning Guide for Serving Patrons with Disabilities
Authors: Weber Rebecca
Published: June 2017

This concise but complete guide to accessibility will be beneficial to libraries of all types. Kowalsky and Woodruff seek “to provide a roadmap for libraries so that they may be proactive in creating inclusive library environments” (vii). In laying out this roadmap, the authors cover everything from ADA legislation updates to universal design for both the library building and its online presence. The book focuses not merely on accessibility, but also on building relationships by interacting in a positive manner with people with disabilities. An important part of this is the emphasis on including people with disabilities in accessibility planning. The authors also incorporate examples for disability awareness programming in academic, public, school, and special libraries.
Book Review: Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia of Trends and Controversies in the Justice System
Authors: Mross Emily Lauren
Published: June 2017

The American criminal justice system affects people in all walks of life, from street crime to domestic violence to white collar crime. This two-volume set explores not only landmark cases and laws, but also covers prominent figures, policies, and scandals. Further, the set includes entries that explain broader issues such as “Biological Explanations for Crime” and “Sociological Explanations of Crime.”
Book Review: Ghosts in Popular Culture and Legend
Authors: Helmer Dona J.
Published: June 2017

The co-editors are June Pulliam, who teaches classes in horror literature, YA fiction, and film, and Anthony Fonesca, who has written about horror and also has a background in information literacy. They previously co-authored Hooked on Horror: A Guide to Reading Interests in the Genre, and have now applied their talents and expertise to create a work that contains accessible information about a popular topic.
Book Review: The World of Ancient Egypt.
Authors: Trott Garrett T.
Published: June 2017

The World of Ancient Egypt (WAE) is part of the Daily Life Encyclopedias series, which explores different cultures, investigating their socio-historical context. WAE provides the reader with an ability to understand the historic background for specific topics in relation to life in ancient Egypt. While there are several reference works related to ancient Egypt, none provide analysis from a similar perspective.
Segal’s Law, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the perils of foodborne pathogen detection within the American Gut Project
Authors: Pettengill James B. , Rand Hugh
Published: June 2017

Obtaining human population level estimates of the prevalence of foodborne pathogens is critical for understanding outbreaks and ameliorating such threats to public health. Estimates are difficult to obtain due to logistic and financial constraints, but citizen science initiatives like that of the American Gut Project (AGP) represent a potential source of information concerning enteric pathogens. With an emphasis on genera Listeria and Salmonella, we sought to document the prevalence of those two taxa within the AGP samples. The results provided by AGP suggest a surprising 14% and 2% of samples contained Salmonella and Listeria, respectively. However, a reanalysis of those AGP sequences described here indicated that results depend greatly on the algorithm for assigning taxonomy and differences persisted across both a range of parameter settings and different reference databases (i.e., Greengenes and HITdb). These results are perhaps to be expected given that AGP sequenced the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, which may not provide good resolution at the lower taxonomic levels (e.g., species), but it was surprising how often methods differ in classifying reads—even at higher taxonomic ranks (e.g., family). This highlights the misleading conclusions that can be reached when relying on a single method that is not a gold standard; this is the essence of Segal’s Law: an individual with one watch knows what time it is but an individual with two is never sure. Our results point to the need for an appropriate molecular marker for the taxonomic resolution of interest, and calls for the development of more conservative classification methods that are fit for purpose. Thus, with 16S rRNA gene datasets, one must be cautious regarding the detection of taxonomic groups of public health interest (e.g., culture independent identification of foodborne pathogens or taxa associated with a given phenotype).
Utility of a time frame in assessing psychological pain and suicide ideation
Authors: Meerwijk Esther L. , Weiss Sandra J.
Published: June 2017

Background

Assessing psychological pain has been recommended as an integral part of a comprehensive suicide risk assessment. The Psychache Scale, an established measure of psychological pain, does not specify a time frame for when pain is experienced, which may inadvertently increase the likelihood of identifying individuals as being at elevated suicide risk when they complete the Psychache Scale based on psychological pain experienced at some undefined time in the past.

Methods

We conducted a national general population survey among United States adults to determine whether addition of a time frame to the instructions of the Psychache Scale would more accurately reflect current psychological pain and more effectively identify people with current suicide ideation. A between-subjects design was used where respondents were randomized to complete the original Psychache scale or a modified scale with time frame. Data were collected online from September 2015 to June 2016. A total of 242 respondents had complete psychological pain data: 133 completed the original Psychache Scale and 109 completed the Psychache Scale with time frame.

Results

Addition of a time frame did not result in differences in psychological pain scores. However, when screening for participants with current suicide ideation, 13% fewer false positives were observed with the modified scale at higher cut-off values than previously reported (38 vs. 24). The substantial increase in positive predictive value suggests that a time frame is a worthwhile addition to the Psychache Scale.

Discussion

We recommend using the Psychache Scale with a time frame and testing the cut-off score for suicide ideation in population samples that reflect the general population more accurately. Psychological pain cut-off scores in clinical samples have yet to be established.
Time to cash in on positive interactions for coral restoration
Authors: Shaver Elizabeth C. , Silliman Brian R.
Published: June 2017

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, and provide critical ecosystem services such as protein provisioning, coastal protection, and tourism revenue. Despite these benefits, coral reefs have been declining precipitously across the globe due to human impacts and climate change. Recent efforts to combat these declines are increasingly turning to restoration to help reseed corals and speed-up recovery processes. Coastal restoration theory and practice has historically favored transplanting designs that reduce potentially harmful negative species interactions, such as competition between transplants. However, recent research in salt marsh ecosystems has shown that shifting this theory to strategically incorporate positive interactions significantly enhances restoration yield with little additional cost or investment. Although some coral restoration efforts plant corals in protected areas in order to benefit from the facilitative effects of herbivores that reduce competitive macroalgae, little systematic effort has been made in coral restoration to identify the entire suite of positive interactions that could promote population enhancement efforts. Here, we highlight key positive species interactions that managers and restoration practitioners should utilize to facilitate the restoration of corals, including (i) trophic facilitation, (ii) mutualisms, (iii) long-distance facilitation, (iv) positive density-dependence, (v) positive legacy effects, and (vi) synergisms between biodiversity and ecosystem function. As live coral cover continues to decline and resources are limited to restore coral populations, innovative solutions that increase efficiency of restoration efforts will be critical to conserving and maintaining healthy coral reef ecosystems and the human communities that rely on them.
Influences on the location of repeating earthquakes determined from a and b value imaging
Authors: Kawamura Masashi , Chen Kate Huihsuan
Published: June 2017

To explore where earthquakes tend to recur, we statistically investigated repeating earthquake catalogs and background seismicity from different regions (Parkfield, Hayward, Calaveras, and Chihshang Faults). We show that the location of repeating earthquakes can be mapped using the spatial distribution of the seismic a and b values obtained from the background seismicity. Molchan's error diagram statistically confirmed that repeating earthquakes occur within areas with high a values (2.8–3.8) and high b values (0.9–1.1) on both strike‐slip and thrust fault segments. However, no significant association held true for fault segments with more complicated geometry or for wider areas with a complex fault network. The productivity of small earthquakes responsible for high a and b values may thus be the most important factor controlling the location of repeating earthquakes. We inferred that the location of high creep rate in planar/listric fault structures might be indicated by a values of ~3 and b values of ~1.
Zircon, titanite, and apatite (U‐Th)/He ages and age‐eU correlations from the Fennoscandian Shield, southern Sweden
Authors: Guenthner William R. , Reiners Peter W. , Drake Henrik , Tillberg Mikael
Published: June 2017

Craton cores far from plate boundaries have traditionally been viewed as stable features that experience minimal vertical motion over 100–1000 Ma time scales. Here we show that the Fennoscandian Shield in southeastern Sweden experienced several episodes of burial and exhumation from ~1800 Ma to the present. Apatite, titanite, and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages from surface samples and drill cores constrain the long‐term, low‐temperature history of the Laxemar region. Single grain titanite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages are negatively correlated (104–838 Ma for zircon and 160–945 Ma for titanite) with effective uranium (eU = U + 0.235 × Th), a measurement proportional to radiation damage. Apatite ages are 102–258 Ma and are positively correlated with eU. These correlations are interpreted with damage‐diffusivity models, and the modeled zircon He age‐eU correlations constrain multiple episodes of heating and cooling from 1800 Ma to the present, which we interpret in the context of foreland basin systems related to the Neoproterozoic Sveconorwegian and Paleozoic Caledonian orogens. Inverse time‐temperature models constrain an average burial temperature of ~217°C during the Sveconorwegian, achieved between 944 Ma and 851 Ma, and ~154°C during the Caledonian, achieved between 366 Ma and 224 Ma. Subsequent cooling to near‐surface temperatures in both cases could be related to long‐term exhumation caused by either postorogenic collapse or mantle dynamics related to the final assembly of Rodinia and Pangaea. Our titanite He age‐eU correlations cannot currently be interpreted in the same fashion; however, this study represents one of the first examples of a damage‐diffusivity relationship in this system, which deserves further research attention.
Detrital zircon microtextures and U‐PB geochronology of Upper Jurassic to Paleocene strata in the distal North American Cordillera foreland basin
Authors: Finzel E. S.
Published: June 2017

Detrital zircon surface microtextures, geochronologic U‐Pb data, and tectonic subsidence analysis from Upper Jurassic to Paleocene strata in the Black Hills of South Dakota reveal provenance variations in the distal portion of the Cordillera foreland basin in response to tectonic events along the outboard margin of western North America. During Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time, nonmarine strata record initially low rates of tectonic subsidence that facilitated widespread recycling of older foreland basin strata in eolian and fluvial systems that dispersed sediment to the northeast, with minimal sediment derived from the thrust belt. By middle Cretaceous time, marine inundation reflects increased subsidence rates coincident with a change to eastern sediment sources. Lowstand Albian fluvial systems in the Black Hills may have been linked to fluvial systems upstream in the midcontinent and downstream in the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming. During latest Cretaceous time, tectonic uplift in the study area reflects dynamic processes related to Laramide low‐angle subduction that, relative to other basins to the west, was more influential due to the greater distance from the thrust load. Provenance data from Maastrichtian and lower Paleocene strata indicate a change back to western sources that included the Idaho‐Montana batholith and exhumed Belt Supergroup. This study provides a significant contribution to the growing database that is refining the tectonics and continental‐scale sediment dispersal patterns in North America during Late Jurassic‐early Paleocene time. In addition, it demonstrates the merit of using detrital zircon grain shape and surface microtextures to aid in provenance interpretations.
Giant Peak Voltage of Thermopower Waves Driven by the Chemical Potential Gradient of Single‐Crystalline Bi2Te3
Authors: Singh Swati , Mun Hyeona , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Sung Wng , Baik Seunghyun
Published: June 2017

The self‐propagating exothermic chemical reaction with transient thermovoltage, known as the thermopower wave, has received considerable attention recently. A greater peak voltage and specific power are still demanded, and materials with greater Seebeck coefficients have been previously investigated. However, this study employs an alternative mechanism of transient chemical potential gradient providing an unprecedentedly high peak voltage (maximum: 8 V; average: 2.3 V) and volume‐specific power (maximum: 0.11 W mm−3; average: 0.04 W mm−3) using n‐type single‐crystalline Bi2Te3 substrates. A mixture of nitrocellulose and sodium azide is used as a fuel, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a significant downshift in Fermi energy (≈5.09 eV) of the substrate by p‐doping of the fuel. The induced electrical potential by thermopower waves has two distinct sources: the Seebeck effect and the transient chemical potential gradient. Surprisingly, the Seebeck effect contribution is less than 2.5% (≈201 mV) of the maximum peak voltage. The right combination of substrate, fuel doping, and anisotropic substrate geometry results in an order of magnitude greater transient chemical potential gradient (≈5.09 eV) upon rapid removal of fuel by exothermic chemical reaction propagation. The role of fuel doping and chemical potential gradient can be viewed as a key mechanism for enhanced heat to electric conversion performance.
Epitaxial Lift‐Off of Centimeter‐Scaled Spinel Ferrite Oxide Thin Films for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Shen Lvkang , Wu Liang , Sheng Quan , Ma Chunrui , Zhang Yong , Lu Lu , Ma Ji , Ma Jing , Bian Jihong , Yang Yaodong , Chen Aiping , Lu Xiaoli , Liu Ming , Wang Hong , Jia Chun‐Lin
Published: June 2017

Mechanical flexibility of electronic devices has attracted much attention from research due to the great demand in practical applications and rich commercial value. Integration of functional oxide materials in flexible polymer materials has proven an effective way to achieve flexibility of functional electronic devices. However, the chemical and mechanical incompatibilities at the interfaces of dissimilar materials make it still a big challenge to synthesize high‐quality single‐crystalline oxide thin film directly on flexible polymer substrates. This study reports an improved method that is employed to successfully transfer a centimeter‐scaled single‐crystalline LiFe5O8 thin film on polyimide substrate. Structural characterizations show that the transferred films have essentially no difference in comparison with the as‐grown films with respect to the microstructure. In particular, the transferred LiFe5O8 films exhibit excellent magnetic properties under various mechanical bending statuses and show excellent fatigue properties during the bending cycle tests. These results demonstrate that the improved transfer method provides an effective way to compose single‐crystalline functional oxide thin films onto flexible substrates for applications in flexible and wearable electronics.
Modeling the reaction event history and microstructure of individual macrospecies in postpolymerization modification
Authors: Hernández‐Ortiz Julio C. , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Duchateau Jan N. E. , Remerie Klaas , Toloza Carolina , Vaz Ana Luisa , Schreurs Fons
Published: June 2017

For postpolymerization modification, a novel kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) modeling strategy for the description of the reaction event history and the evolution of the microstructure of individual macrospecies with a complex topology is presented. The kMC model allows the kinetic analysis of free radical induced grafting of vinyl monomers onto polyethylene (PE) chains, assuming isothermal conditions and perfect macromixing and accounting for diffusional limitations on the microscale. Not only average characteristics such as the monomer conversion, grafting selectivity and yield, but also the chain length distribution (CLD) of all macromolecular species types, the average “from/to” grafting and cross‐linking density, the number of grafts and cross‐links per individual macromolecule, the chain length of every graft, and the CLD of the grafted chains are calculated. Under typical grafting conditions, depropagation and diffusional limitations cannot be ignored. The functionalization occurs mainly on those macrospecies in the PE‐CLD with a high mass concentration. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2017
The influence of parental concern on the utility of autism diagnostic instruments
Authors: Havdahl Karoline Alexandra , Bishop Somer L. , Surén Pål , Øyen Anne‐Siri , Lord Catherine , Pickles Andrew , von Tetzchner Stephen , Schjølberg Synnve , Gunnes Nina , Hornig Mady , Lipkin W. Ian , Susser Ezra , Bresnahan Michaeline , Magnus Per , Stenberg Nina , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Stoltenberg Camilla
Published: June 2017

The parental report‐based Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) and the clinician observation‐based Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) have been validated primarily in U.S. clinics specialized in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in which most children are referred by their parents because of ASD concern. This study assessed diagnostic agreement of the ADOS‐2 and ADI‐R toddler algorithms in a more broadly based sample of 679 toddlers (age 35–47 months) from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort. We also examined whether parental concern about ASD influenced instrument performance, comparing toddlers identified based on parental ASD concern (n = 48) and parent‐reported signs of developmental problems (screening) without a specific concern about ASD (n = 400). The ADOS cutoffs showed consistently well‐balanced sensitivity and specificity. The ADI‐R cutoffs demonstrated good specificity, but reduced sensitivity, missing 43% of toddlers whose parents were not specifically concerned about ASD. The ADI‐R and ADOS dimensional scores agreed well with clinical diagnoses (area under the curve ≥ 0.85), contributing additively to their prediction. On the ADI‐R, different cutoffs were needed according to presence or absence of parental ASD concern, in order to achieve comparable balance of sensitivity and specificity. These results highlight the importance of taking parental concern about ASD into account when interpreting scores from parental report‐based instruments such as the ADI‐R. While the ADOS cutoffs performed consistently well, the additive contributions of ADI‐R and ADOS scores to the prediction of ASD diagnosis underscore the value of combining instruments based on parent accounts and clinician observation in evaluation of ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1672–1686. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 Methanation on Nickel Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous High‐Surface‐Area MgSiO3
Authors: Ghods Bahare , Rezaei Mehran , Meshkani Fereshteh
Published: June 2017

Nickel catalysts prepared on high‐surface‐area mesoporous MgSiO3 were synthesized and applied in methanation of CO2. N2 adsorption analysis confirmed the presence of the mesoporous structure on the synthesized samples and revealed that the increase in nickel content resulted in a shift of the pore size distributions to smaller pore sizes. Temperature‐programmed reduction analysis illustrated an improvement in reducibility of the catalysts by a higher nickel content. Catalytic results indicated enhanced CO2 conversion with the increase in nickel percentage up to 15 wt %. The catalysts with higher percentage of nickel provided lower CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity. The %15Ni/MgSiO3 catalyst exhibited high catalytic stability under optimized conditions.
Multi‐objective Optimization‐Tool for the Universal Application in Chemical Process Design
Authors: Ernst Philipp , Zimmermann Kristina , Fieg Georg
Published: June 2017

A universally applicable procedure for multi‐objective optimization of chemical processes is developed. A set of known methods and procedures is adapted, combined with newly developed concepts, and integrated into the developed optimization tool, namely, the Adv:ProcessOptimizer. It allows for efficient, comfortable, and robust optimization of a process which is modeled in one of the various linked commercial simulation tools. As a result, the application of the process design with an overlaid optimization is easily accessible for academia and process industry. The industrial styrene process was optimized in order to validate the method. The results show a very densely and mostly equally crowded Pareto front and considerable savings in investment as well as operating costs compared to two reference designs.
Prevalence of new psychoactive substances and prescription drugs in the Belgian driving under the influence of drugs population
Authors: Wille S. M. R. , Richeval C. , Nachon‐Phanithavong M. , Gaulier J. M. , Di Fazio V. , Humbert L. , Samyn N. , Allorge D.
Published: June 2017

Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a worldwide problem. Several countries have adopted DUID legislations which prove their deterrent effect and impact on road safety. However, the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and prescription drugs is not known, as the applied roadside screening tests have not yet been adapted for these compounds. In this study, 558 blood samples obtained during roadside controls in Belgium (January to August 2015) after a positive Drugwipe 5S® test and 199 oral fluid (OF) samples obtained from negatively screened test pads were analyzed. The NPS positivity rate was 7% in blood, while it reached 11% in OF. NPS detected were: diphenidine, ketamine, 4‐fluoroamphetamine, 2‐amino‐indane, methoxetamine, α‐PVP, methiopropamine, a mix of 5‐MAPB/5‐EAPB, TH‐PVP, mephedrone, methedrone, 4‐methylethylcathinone, 5‐MeO‐DALT, 4‐Acetoxy‐DiPT, AB Fubinaca, FUB‐JWH018, JWH020, trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, and ethylphenidate. Moreover, 17% of blood samples (and 5% of OF) contained an analgesic drug, 10% (0.5%) a benzodiazepine/hypnotic, 5% (2%) an antidepressant, 2% (3%) an antipsychotic, 2% an antiepileptic drug, and 1% methylphenidate. The presence of NPS in the young (and predominately male) DUID population is proven. Furthermore, a high level of poly‐drug use including combinations of NPS, licit, and drugs of abuse was observed. Further research concerning the development of on‐site NPS detection techniques should be established. Meanwhile, the effects of combined drug use on driving ability and the physical/psychological signs after NPS use should be performed to improve the on‐site DUID detection of NPS by police officers, so they can engage in blood sampling for a general unknown screening.
Synthesis and Studies of Imidazoanthraquinone Derivatives for Applications in Organic Electronics
Authors: Sharma Bharat K. , Dixit Swati , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M. , Agarwal Neeraj
Published: June 2017

Imidazoanthraquinone derivatives with extended π conjugation were synthesized and characterized. Palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira couplings were employed to synthesize these derivatives. Photophysical and electrochemical studies of the new imidazoanthraquinone derivatives were performed, and their absorption and emission maxima were observed in a wide visible range. The photophysical studies revealed the formation of charge‐transfer complexes. Cyclic voltammetry provided good estimates of the reduction and oxidation potentials of these compounds and eventually the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. Electrochemical studies revealed low‐lying ELUMO values of ca. –3.7 eV for these compounds. The donor–acceptor architecture and HOMO–LUMO energies were further studied through DFT calculations. On the basis of the ELUMO values of these compounds, photoquenching experiments were performed in the presence of the electron donor poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). These experiments suggest that these compounds could be used as electron acceptors in heterojunction solar cells.
A liver‐specific gene expression panel predicts the differentiation status of in vitro hepatocyte models
Authors: Kim Dae‐Soo , Ryu Jea‐Woon , Son Mi‐Young , Oh Jung‐Hwa , Chung Kyung‐Sook , Lee Sugi , Lee Jeong‐Ju , Ahn Jun‐Ho , Min Ju‐Sik , Ahn Jiwon , Kang Hyun Mi , Kim Janghwan , Jung Cho‐Rok , Kim Nam‐Soon , Cho Hyun‐Soo
Published: June 2017

Alternative cell sources, such as three‐dimensional organoids and induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cells, might provide a potentially effective approach for both drug development applications and clinical transplantation. For example, the development of cell sources for liver cell–based therapy has been increasingly needed, and liver transplantation is performed for the treatment for patients with severe end‐stage liver disease. Differentiated liver cells and three‐dimensional organoids are expected to provide new cell sources for tissue models and revolutionary clinical therapies. However, conventional experimental methods confirming the expression levels of liver‐specific lineage markers cannot provide complete information regarding the differentiation status or degree of similarity between liver and differentiated cell sources. Therefore, in this study, to overcome several issues associated with the assessment of differentiated liver cells and organoids, we developed a liver‐specific gene expression panel (LiGEP) algorithm that presents the degree of liver similarity as a “percentage.” We demonstrated that the percentage calculated using the LiGEP algorithm was correlated with the developmental stages of in vivo liver tissues in mice, suggesting that LiGEP can correctly predict developmental stages. Moreover, three‐dimensional cultured HepaRG cells and human pluripotent stem cell–derived hepatocyte‐like cells showed liver similarity scores of 59.14% and 32%, respectively, although general liver‐specific markers were detected. Conclusion: Our study describes a quantitative and predictive model for differentiated samples, particularly liver‐specific cells or organoids; and this model can be further expanded to various tissue‐specific organoids; our LiGEP can provide useful information and insights regarding the differentiation status of in vitro liver models. (Hepatology 2017;66:1662–1674).