bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СЕЛЕКЦІЙНОГО ПОЛІПШЕННЯ ВІВСА ГОЛОЗЕРНОГО В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Кравченко А. І.
Published: May 2022

У сучасних умовах переорієнтованості людства на здорoвий спосіб життя oвес є цінною сировиною для харчової промисловості. Овес голозерний відкриває нові перспективи його використання у переробній промисловості завдяки зменшенню витрат на переробку та покращеному і збалансованому вмісту поживних речовин. Сортимент продуктів для дієтичного, спортивного, дитячого харчування розширюється щодня, попит на якісну сировину росте, однак ґрунтово-кліматичні умови нашої країни різноманітні, тому для забезпечення потреб виробників необхідною сировиною необхідне впровадження більшої кількості сортів вівса голозерного різних напрямів використання, які би пристосовувалися до умов вирощування та були би стійкими до абіотичних і біотичних чинників навколишнього середовища. Для успішного виконання дослідження з вивчення та створення вихідного матеріалу вівса голозерного в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу необхідно було дослідити біологічні особливості цієї культури, вплив різних екологічних чинників на його ріст і розвиток та перспективи селекції в Україні. Для проведення досліджень було прoаналізовано літературні джерела зарубіжних і вітчизняних авторів. Ввстановлено відношення рослин вівса голозерного до умов середовища зони вирощування, змін клімату, які зумовлюють появу посух і суховіїв, що стали частими в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України у весняно-літній період. Крім того, відзначено, що деякі морфологічні особливості будови колоска, а саме нещільне прилягання квіткових лусок до зернівки робить зернівку вівса голозерного більш вразливою до пошкоджень під час обмолоту та зберігання. Ця морфологічна особливість здатна знизити рівень проростання зернівки та призводить до зрідження посівів. Все це має безпосередній вплив на ріст і розвиток рослин вівса голозерного, а отже, й на рівень урожайності. Врожайність вівса – досить складна кількісна ознака, і голозерні сорти значно пoступаються плівчастим сортам за цією ознакою. Нині потенційна врожайність сoртів вівса голозерного становить 5,0 т/га та на практиці середня врожайність нижча у два-три рази залежно від погодних умов року вирощування. Тoму найбільш цінними для селекційної роботи є вихідний матеріал, який відзначається як високим рівнем продуктивності, так і стійкістю до несприятливих умов середовища.
ПРОЯВ ГЕТЕРОЗИСУ ТА СТУПЕНЯ ФЕНОТИПОВОГО ДОМІНУВАННЯ ЗА ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ТА ТРИВАЛІСТЮ ПЕРІОДУ ВЕГЕТАЦІЇ У F1 СОЇ
Authors: Рибальченко А. М.
Published: May 2022

У сучасній селекції головною метою є прискорення термінів упровадження сортів у виробництво. Для створення таких сортів варто поновлювати і вивчати новий генофонд сої, продовжувати пошук джерел і донорів господарсько цінних ознак, виявляти особливості успадкування ознак, оптимізувати методи оцінювання і створення нового вихідного матеріалу. Основний метод селекції сої – внутрішньовидова гібридизація з подальшим індивідуальним добором у гібридних популяціях. Успіх роботи багато в чому залежить від правильного підбору батьківських пар для схрещування. У статті викладено результати досліджень (2014–2016 роки) з вивчення прояву ефекту гетерозису та характеру успадкування основних ознак продуктивності та тривалості періоду вегетації в 11 гібридних популяціях (F1) сої. За результатами гібридологічного аналізу встановлено, що успадкування ознак насіннєвої продуктивності в гібридів F1 має досить складний характер, прояв якого значною мірою залежить від генетичних особливостей батьківських компонентів. За масою насіння з рослини, кількістю бобів та кількістю насіння з рослини в більшості гібридів F1 відмічалось успадкування за гетерозисним типом. Характер успадкування тривалості періоду вегетації відмінний від типу успадкування основних ознак насіннєвої продуктивності: у більшості випадків спостерігалось проміжне успадкування. За необхідності створити ранньостиглі форми у схрещування краще залучати більш скоростиглі генотипи, щоб вони незначно відрізнялись за тривалістю періоду вегетації. У першому поколінні успадкування тривалості періоду вегетації відбувалось за проміжним типом у 9 гібридних комбінацій (82 %). За масою насіння з рослини у 8 гібридних комбінацій, наддомінування – 73 %. За кількістю бобів та насінин на рослину в 7 гібридних комбінацій спостерігали наддомінування (63 %). За ознаками «маса насіння з рослини», «кількість нaсінин на рослину», «кількість бобів на рослину» високий рівень гетерозису простежувався в таких гібридних комбінацій, як: Злата (RUS) / Адамос (UKR), OAC Vision (CAN) / Адамос (UKR); OAC Vision (CAN) / Алмаз (UKR); Устя (UKR) / Славія (RUS), LF-8 (POL) / Алмаз (UKR), LF-8 (POL) / КиВін (UKR); Лада (RUS) / Мрія (UKR), Gaillard (CAN) / Хвиля (UKR). Найбільш високий рівень гетерозису в гібридів першого покоління відмічений у гібридних комбінацій OAC Vision (CAN) / Адамос (UKR); OAC Vision (CAN) / Алмаз (UKR); Устя (UKR) / Славія (RUS) за елементами продуктивності.
Nurse’s Experiences in Handling Stretcher Patients on Commercial Medical Escort in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Aditya Ronal Surya , Yusuf Ah , Solikhah Fitriana Kurniasari , Kurniawan Setyo Budi , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Rozaimah
Published: May 2022

Objective:The health system in Indonesia has a rapid development. Domestic and abroad medical escort services are currently becoming a trend. One of the medical escort services is a stretcher.This research was aimed to understand the experience of nurses in assisting patient in stretcherusingcommercialflights in Indonesia.
Methods: Qualitative research is used in this research. Personal interviews are conducted for 3 months from August to October 2019on fifteen nurses who have authority to conduct stretcher patient assistance. All nurses were spread over 5 islands in Indonesia including Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Bali. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results: Three themes with nine categories were emerged. Patient preparation and equipment,handling of patients on the plane, and hand over preparation are the obtained main themes from this study.
Conclusion: The handling ofpatient in stretcher on commercial aviation hadseveral difficulties. Patient who are lying on 9-seats set airplane with nurses sitting across from patient made nurses must carefully prepare everything before take-off. Careful preparations will determine the safety of the patient on stretcher. In addition, nurses understand about the weather and mountainous changes that must be passed.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 502-511
Practical tips and Stepwise guide to create and implement Rubric Based Assessment in Competency Based Medical Education: No need to google, create your own Rubric!
Authors: Gouse Suban Mohammed , Mohammed Gouse Helen Suban
Published: May 2022

In a technology –driven society, it is very essential to have effective communication skills as medical graduate with patients and peer members. Assessments are vital in the process of teaching and learning. Assessing oral presentation skills is considered as assessing the behavioural skills in Millers’ prism of Clinical competence in Medical Education. In alignment with the Saudi Med competency Framework, the rubric was designed keeping the core competency at the centre like Communication & Collaboration and arranging the other auxiliary competencies around, then the parameters like dimensions were derived. An evaluation rubric for grading the presentations was designed to allow faculty evaluators to objectively score student performances in the dimensions of presentation like speech elocution, eye contact along with subject content. Rubrics create clarity for students and rubric dimensions represent various outcomes for students, giving them a realistic destination for their assignment. The students are informed about plagiarism malpractices and are instructed to maintain academic integrity. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the rubric scoring assessment for oral presentation was used for online assessment on Zoom webinar. This assessment tool along with online conferencing tools has provided a framework for integrated and interactive evaluation that can be used to facilitate the modification of traditional assessment methods.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 521-528
Immunohistochemical association with histological features of Hassall’s corpuscles in human fetal thymus
Authors: Mohammed Gouse Helen Suban , Gouse Suban Mohammed , Esakkimithu Kamala , Gunasegaran JP , V Muniappan
Published: May 2022

Background - Hassall’s corpuscles (HC) are balls of flattened medullary epithelial cells which are characteristic features of the thymus. Thymus is truly an ‘organ of mystery’ which has kept scholars in dark still continues to elucidate researchers till date. Aim- To study themicroscopic features of human fetal thymus along withthe differentiation and maturation process of the Hassall’s Corpuscles (HC) in human fetal thymus by using the immunohistochemical markers.
Materials & Methods- Total 20 aborted and still born fetuses ranging from 17-39 weeks of gestation were used for the study. After embalming, meticulous dissection, thymusgland was weighed and fixed with formalin. The various histological and histometric parameters were observed. Another set of microscopic slides were subjected to immunohistochemical studies by staining with primary antibodies (Cytokeratin, S100 and Vimentin) to study the presence of epithelial, histiocytic and mesenchymal components in fetal thymus and to know the nature of differentiation of the Hassall’s corpuscles, epithelial reticular cells and dendritic cells in the fetal thymus.
Observations & Results: Microscopic examination of serial section of thymus revealed few patterns of shapes of HC’s. Based on the morphological features, the corpuscles were classified as Solid Hassal Corpuscles (SHC), Cystic I (CHCI) and Cystic II(CHC II) and Degenerating(DHC). Epithelial cells of the HC were positive for cytokeratin which was less intensely positive in Solid Hassall Corpuscles (SHC) and intensely positive in primary and secondary cystic Hassall Corpuscles (CHC I and CHC II). The solid corpuscles (SHC) with homogenous mass were seen to be intensely positive whereas the central core in cystic varieties (CHC 1 & CHC II) seems to be less positive with S 100 (marker for dendritic cells, histocytes and keratinocytes). Vimentin is intermediate cytoplasmic proteins expressed in the cells of mesenchymal differentiation found negative in the complete sections studied.
Conclusion:The various types of HC encountered with different structural morphology could represent a stage of maturation in the developmental process. Hence HCs’ were arranged in a sequential order of development stages within the age group of the present study. The presence of Solid Hassall’s Corpuscle at the periphery of the medulla and Degenerating Hassall’s Corpuscle(DHC) at the central core of the medulla confirms the direction of maturation is from the periphery to the center of the medulla. Hence there is gradual increase in the expression of cytokeratin from solid to cystic Hassall’s corpuscles.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 529-539
Evaluation of the Microorganisms in Nigeria Honey for Antagonistic Activity on Selected Bacteria causing Diarrhoea
Authors: John-Isa Justinah Folasade , Adebolu Tinuola Tokunbo , Oyetayo Victor Olusegun
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antagonistic activities of the isolated microorganisms from honey on the selected diarrhoeagenic bacteria, for this reason the microbiological quality of Nigerian honey was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Twelve (12) honey samples from different locations in Nigeria were evaluated and the microorganisms present in those samples were studied and isolated. Both clinical and typed cultures of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were also used for the study.
Results: A total of 9 bacterial and 8 fungal species were isolated from the honey samples: Bacillus proteolyticus, Providencia rettgeri, Lysinibacillus pakiestanensis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Acinetobacter indicus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Lysinibacillus fusiforms, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Neurospora crassa, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor racemosus, Trichodermaviride, Saccharomyces cerevisae respectively. Among the 9 bacteria isolated, 4 (44.44%) exerted antagonistic effect on 6 (60%) of thetest bacteria. On the other hand, 2 (25.00%)among the 8 fungi isolated had antagonistic activity against 4 (40.00%) of the test bacteria.
Conclusion: However, honey has anti-microbial properties that discourage the growth or persistence of many microorganisms which made them to contain low numbers and a limited variety of microbes. The bacteria isolated exerted a greater antagonistic activity than the isolated fungi on selected diarrhoeagenic bacteria, which could have been as a result of secondary metabolites like lipopeptides, polypeptides, fatty acids, isocoumarins produced by them that exhibited a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 553-561
Willingness to Pay for the National Health Insurance Scheme: A Cross-sectional study in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Hasan Hasazli , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Globally, the cost of healthcare continues to rise due to demographic changes of the ageing population, the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCD) prevalence, advances in medical technologies, and innovations. Malaysia is also not an exception, where the total health expenditure has risen from MYR 8.55 billion to MYR 57.36 from 1997 to 2017. With the ongoing debate on the tax-based public healthcare system’s long-term sustainability, several scholars have called to introduce national health insurance in the country. The current study has contributed to the understanding of willingness to pay (WTP) among the Malaysian population. However, there is a gap of knowledge regarding WTP in the rural area of Sarawak.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Sarawak involving 45 villages from 6 rural districts that represent the North, Central and Southern regions. Through an interviewer-administered questionnaire, the instrument consisted of demographic profile, presence of underlying disease, social capital, wealth index, and willingness to pay for national health insurance scheme (NHIS) through iterative bidding method of CVM. Three regression analysis (binary logistic, multinomial logistic, negative binomial logistic) were computed to identify statistically significant factors across these three analyses.
Results: The total number of respondents was 1208. The amount that participants willing to pay for NHIS was higher. However, the proportion of participants willing to participate was lower when compared to similar previous studies. On an average, the respondents were willing to pay MYR 40.84 (SD 35.36) per month for NHIS premium. Factors favouring their willingness to pay were smaller family size, presence of underlying diseases, a strong level of empowerment, weaker group and network connection, low social cohesion and inclusion, and finally, low perception of violence and conflicts. These were identified as factors that were found to be significant across three statistical analyses.
Conclusion: Hence, the government needs to consider the differences in terms of geographical location (Peninsular, Sabah and Sarawak) and socio-demographic characteristics when considering the deployment of NHIS nationwide. Furthermore, communication with the local communities, organisation and group is very important to improve rural communities’ participation. Steps have to be taken to avoid adverse selection, considering that ill individuals were more likely willing to join thana healthier person.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 577-589
Evaluation of Cytomorphological Patterns of Fibroadenoma on Cytology: Emphasis on Pattern based approach to avoid misdiagnosis
Authors: Chauhan Varsha , Agarwal Charu , Pujani Mukta , Raychaudhuri Sujata , Singh Kanika , Sharma Nimisha , Chandoke RK
Published: May 2022

Background: Fibroadenoma (FA) is a frequently occurring breast lesion diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with a bimodal picture comprising of epithelial and/or stromal component. It can have a gamut of differential diagnosis depending on the predominant cellular features reflected on cytological smears, thereby it is important that the cytologist should be well versed with the various patterns of fibroadenoma to avoid diagnostic errors.
Materials and methods: The present study was conducted over a period of two years including all cases of fibroadenoma diagnosed on cytology (n=234). The detailed cytomorphological spectrum was analysed to study the different patterns of fibroadenoma on cytology. Out of these (234), cytohistological correlation was performed in 197 cases.
Results: The incidence of fibroadenoma among all the breast FNACs was 50% (234/468). The different patterns observed were: epithelial predominant, stromal predominant, FA with giant cells, apocrine change, cyst macrophages, granuloma, acute inflammation and atypia. Cytohistologic concordance was observed in 173/197 cases (87.8%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 98.8%, 92.3%, 87.8%, 94.5% and 88.8% respectively.
Conclusion: Although fibroadenoma can be diagnosed with ease on cytology in most of the cases, However, at times in addition to classical features, morphological variations are observed such as giant cells, cyst macrophages, apocrine change, granulomas, acute inflammation and atypia wherein it maybe misdiagnosed as benign phyllodes, hyperplasia, fibrocystic disease etc.. This pattern based approach for the cytological diagnosis of FA is re-emphasized in the index article so as to create awareness about these varied patterns among the young cytopathologists.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 590-595
The influence of speed and power load on the indicators of the distribution of attention of schoolchildren with different typologies
Authors: GG Polevoy
Published: May 2022

Objective: is to determine the effect of speed and strength training on the indicators of attention distribution in children aged 13-14 years, taking into account the strength of their nervous system.
Method: the pedagogical experiment took place in an ordinary school in the city of Kirov for three months. Schoolchildren were engaged in physical education twice a week for 40 minutes each lesson. 20 schoolchildren from class 7a were engaged in the usual physical education program. Schoolchildren from the 7b class in the number of 20 people additionally performed a set of exercises in physical education lessons aimed at developing speed and strength abilities. The tapping test differentiated the schoolchildren into two subgroups according to the strength of the nervous system. Indicators of the distribution of attention of schoolchildren were determined by the test
Results: after the end of the study, there were changes in all subgroups. In the group of class 7a, children with a strong nervous system improved from 27.3±1.5 seconds to 25.9±1.4 seconds (5%), and children with a weak nervous system improved from 29.0±3.2 seconds to 27.3±3.0 seconds (6%). In the group of children of class 7b, there were more significant changes. In schoolchildren with a strong nervous system, the indicators improved from 31.4±2.9 seconds to 25.4±2.3 seconds (19%), and in children with a strong nervous system, the indicators became higher from 30.3±2.2 seconds to 25.1±1.8 seconds (17%).
Conclusion: the indicators of the distribution of attention of schoolchildren will improve if they perform physical exercises at each lesson in physical culture, which are aimed at the development of speed and strength abilities. The load should be differentiated taking into account the strength of the nervous system of schoolchildren.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 634-638
Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Their Caring Behaviors and The Factors Affecting Their Perceptions
Authors: KARAMAN Funda , YEREBAKAN AyseNur , CAKMAK Sultan
Published: May 2022

Aim:In this study, it was aimed to determine nursing students perceptions of caring behaviors and the factors affecting them.
Methods:In the study, no sample was selected, 205 students who accepted to participate voluntarily were included in the study. Data were collected by using the personal information form and Caring Assessment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results:The mean total score of the Caring Assessment Questionnaire was found 270.65±50.55. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found0.96. When the total mean score of the scale was compared with the personal characteristics of the students, no statistically significant difference was found between gender, working experience, hospitalization experience, caregiving experience status and negative experiences during the care process. However, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the grades, care-taking experience and opinions that care is the primary duty of the nurse. Also a statistically significant difference was found between all subscales and the students who think that nursing care is the primary duty.
Conclusion:As a result, students perceptions of care behaviors scored above the average. High care perceptions of students will lead to positive progress in their professional life and provide them to be qualified health professional.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 639-644
Study of donor deferral during blood donation: A single centre teaching hospital study
Authors: Haque Md Rafiqul , Biswas Dannish Arefin , Sultana Jesmin , Rahman Tanjina , Anwar Tanzim , Parveen Tasmina
Published: May 2022

Background: Safe blood transfusion can be a crucial lifesaving intervention in many clinical situations.For safe blood products donor selection is the first and foremost measure of blood donation.
Objective:Aim of the study to determine the incidence and causes for deferral in blood donors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was done at Transfusion medicine department in Delta Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh during 6 months period. In current study data were extracted from the register book and analyzed. Prospective donors were confidentially interviewed and examined and screened for causes of temporary and permanent deferral of blood donation. Data were presented as charts, table and analyzed with Microsoft Excel.
Result: A total of 2215 directed donors were studied,of them, 1555 (73.52%) were male and 560 (26.48%) females. Predominantly blood donors belonged to 31–40 years of age group (38.01%). Out of 2115 directed donors, 423 (20%) were deferred. Deferral was significantly more likely in female. The most common cause for deferralwere history of anemia (27.66%). Other causes were antibiotic & medications, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, frequent donation, Positive HBsAg, HCV markers, suspected addiction, and vaccination.
Conclusion: Effective measures are required for documenting the deferred donors and appropriate preventive intervention program should be undertaken for prevalent causes of deferrals, like low Hb, Infections with HBV etc. Anemia is the most prevalent reason of temporary deferral for blood donation in this region of Bangladesh. Other reasons were hypertension, hypotension,suspected addiction, vaccination etc.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 645-647
The relationships between Orthorexia nervosa, social appearance anxiety and women’s self-esteem: A cross-sectional study
Authors: DURAN Songül , Can ÖZ Yüksel
Published: May 2022

Objectives: It is known that eating disorders and desire to be thin are more common in women. It was also stated that social appearance anxiety and self-esteem in women may be associated with eating disorders. This study aimed to identify the relationships between Orthorexia nervosa, social appearance anxiety and women’s self-esteem.
Material and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 222 women.
Results and Discussion: The study determined a mean score on the Orthorexia Scale. It determined that 27% of the women had orthorexic tendencies, and that the orthorexic tendencies of those who were worried about gaining weight were lower than those who were not worried about gaining weight. There was a negative and statistically significant relationship between the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).
Conclusion: Health professionals should be informed about Orthorexia nervosa. At-risk groups should undergo screening, necessary precautions should be taken, and the condition should be treated.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 675-681
Gene co-expression analysis and Network biology studies in Indian population reveals functional similarities between Gastric cancer and other metabolic disorders
Authors: Mohandas Blessantoli , Vennila J Jannet , Ruban Nikhil
Published: May 2022

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial disease and known to have been associated with metabolic disorders. Gene expression profiling among various GC populations will help to strategize diagnosis and treatment. The current study employed microarray data analysis (MDA) and network biology methods to understand the significant genes in a GC Indian population and its association with other metabolic disorders.
Materials and Methods: The microarray datasets of GC Indian population (Bangalore) was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), normalized and analyzed using GeneSpring. With the fold change of ± 1.5, the differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified. An interactome was built to study interactions and generate gene clusters. Statistical (centrality) parameters were applied to identify highly connected clusters followed by functional enrichment to identify significant pathways associated with the GC genes.
Results and Discussion: MDA identified 7181 DEGs (3984 up regulated genes and 3197 down regulated) and the interactome yielded 16552 interactions and two sub clusters. Cluster 1 was found to be statistically fit. The functional characteristics of the significant genes in this cluster revealed their association with adrenal cortex hormone insufficiency, thyroid disorders and deficiencies in kidney water resorption.
Conclusion: It is inferred from our study that, deficiency in Thyroid, Adrenal hormones and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions has fair share in the prognosis and pathogenesis of GC Indian population. Henceforth, GC should not be viewed as separate entity in the series of cancers and gene expression profiling will help in improvising personalized medicine.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 688-693
Evaluating the Gains of Using Stories in Medical Education–A Pilot Study Example
Authors: Gamsızkan Zerrin , Sungur Mehmet Ali , Günel Mehmet Göktuğ
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Medical education develops day by day with the effect of its unique dynamics, excessive information load and changing education approach depending on its professional characteristics.The aim of this study wasto determineeffects on the knowledge and attitude gains of story usage in education.
Material and Methods: This is a training intervention study with a twenty-five study group and twenty-five control group students. A 20-question test was applied to the students before and after the study, including the topics of course. In addition, students were asked to provide feedback on the educational practice.
Results and Dıscussion: According to the results of this study applied with twenty-five students study and control groups; in addition to theoretical lessons, reading and discussing patient stories covering lesson topics significantly increases students’ academic knowledge (p <0.001). 90.4% of the students stated that the study generally met their expectations, 95.2% of them wanted to take this kind of application in other education modules and 89.6% of them stated that the study contributed to their learning.
Coclusions: Student-centered interactive education sessions increase students’ academic success in higher education. The student feedbacks we obtained in our study results have guided our future education interventions.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 694-701
Clinical manifestations of COVID-19; what have we learned from the global database?
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd S , Hassan Nurulhuda M , Aziz Aniza A , Yusoff Harmy M , Esa Nor K , Makhtar Mokhairi , Rahman Nor Iza A , Ismail Samhani , Ramli Ras A , Naing Nyi Nyi , Juahir Hafizan
Published: May 2022

Background: There is a need to analyze a worldwide database of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.This may prove valuable to facilitate better strategies and planning on prevention, screening, surveillance, early diagnosis, containment and treatments.
Method: We extracted 14,259 case reports of COVID-19 dated 11th November 2019 to 18th March 2020 from Johns Hopkins University Repository Online Databaseof 58 countries. After extensive data preprocessing, a multi-disciplinary expert researcherthen conducted series of vetting to categorizefree-text description of symptoms into discreet standardizedcategories.Continuous variables were presented by using median and inter-quartile range whereas categorical variables were presented by frequency and percentage.
Result: A total of 2191 cases (15.4%) were included for demographic analysis. The median age was46 years (IQR26 years) with 787 (35.9%) cases involved patients aged of 60 and above while patients less than18 years of age were reported in 79 (3.6%) cases. Majority of the patients were males (n=1227, 56.7%). There were a total of 20standardized categories ofCOVID-19symptoms.The most prevalent were fever (74.8%), nonproductive cough (42.2%), fatigue (13.1%), sore throat (12.8%) and shortness of breath (11.7%). Other symptoms with frequency of more than 1% were chest discomfort, nasal congestion, muscular pain, chills and rigors, headache, diarrhoea, expectoration and joint pain. Other more uncommon symptoms reported include loss of appetite, conjunctivitis, toothache and abdominal pain. Asymptomatic manisfestations were reported in 8 cases (1.0%).All population are susceptible to COVID-19 especially the older age group. There were 20 standardized categories of symptoms wherefever, non-productive cough, fatigue, sore throat and shortness of breath were the most commonly reported.
Conclusion: Findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding on COVID-19 and may prove useful for researchers to better-design screening and surveillance strategies via more accurate risk-prediction modelling.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 702-709
Child with cytomegalovirus associated acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis: a case report
Authors: WY Wan Natrah , Yaacob Lili Husniati , M Maryam
Published: May 2022

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that causes mild, self-limiting illness in immunocompetent individuals. However, CMV is also frequently associated with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM), which is an uncommon monophasic idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease. It affects both children and adults. This is a case of unfortunate boy with CMV infection which was complicated with ADEM. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment had provided a good outcome in this patient.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 749-753
Disxategies
Authors: Lahlali El Mustapha
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces the reader to key approaches and concepts on framing and representational strategies in discourse. It provides the reader with a review of some of the approaches that deal with framing and positioning. This is particularly relevant to this book as it intends to cover the positioning of Arab leaders and protesters vis-à-Vis each other. This has allowed us to examine the dichotomy of Us vs Them, as well as the representation of different voices and actors in the discourse of conflict. It also gives us an insight into the type and nature of strategies and ideological orientation of discourse.
Framing, Representation and Conflict in Arabic Discourse
Authors: Lahlali El Mustapha
Published: May 2022

This chapter consolidates the previous two chapters by examining the notion of Us vs Them. It will look at how the Arab people present and position themselves vis-à- Vis their leaders during the Arab Spring. The discursive construal of the Us vs Them binary will be identified and its representation through language will be demonstrated. This chapter will offer a textual analysis of a set of speeches and slogans of the Arab public during the Arab uprising of 2011. The focus will be mainly on the Arab people’s use of particular names and labels to describe and identify their seniors. By examining the above-mentioned strategy, it is hoped that more light will be shed on the development and changes in discourse, and further insight into the type and genre of the relationship governing the Arab public and their officials in the three listed countries will be offered. To do so, the frameworks of Fowler et al. and Van Dijk will be adopted for the analysis of data, which will mainly focus on how discourses have been used to represent different voices and actors.
Introduction
Authors: Sousa Correa Delia da
Published: May 2022

This volume introduction discusses the history of interdependent relations between literature and music, their common origins, the idealisation of music in Romantic thought and its persistence in later evaluations. It maintains that ‘while enjoying a relationship that may be contested as much as harmonious, it has always been the case that literature and music have needed each other: that the idea of music is fundamental to writing and that music turns to literature for topics and structures, and to words to demarcate what music is and how it matters’.
The introduction also outlines major developments in the interdisciplinary study of relations between the two arts following the impact of critical theory on both literary and musical scholarship, in particular in the cultural turn initiated by ‘the new musicology’ and the ongoing responses and reactions this approach to musical meaning has inspired.
It explains the structure of the volume and sets out its scope, identifying shared and contrasting concerns in the methodology essays that head the volume and highlighting some of the major developments and continuities within the historical sections that follow.
Intertextuality, Topic Theory and the Open Text
Authors: Klein Michael L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the central term of its title: intertextuality, a term coined by Kristeva which means any allusion or quotation from one text in another. In literature, intertextuality leads readers to discover that the meaning of a work involves looking outward to another work. The same process of looking outside the work is involved with musical topics, which are conventions of musical meaning. As conventions, topics open a musical work to other works. The essay uses Melville’s Moby-Dick and Chopin’s Polonaise-Fantaisie as examples. The implication of intertextuality in literature and in music is that a single work cannot be interpreted without references to works outside the one at hand. Thus every literary and music work is always open during interpretation, never reaching a fixed point.
Music and the Book: The Textualisation of Music and the Musicalisation of Text
Authors: Deeming Helen
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the processes of the textualisation of music (that is, committing music to writing) and the musicalisation of text (or the setting of written words to musical melodies). It considers questions of orality and memory, authority and canonisation, and the wide range of purposes for writing down text and music in the Middle Ages. Case studies delve into particular instances of music writing from twelfth- and thirteenth-century England, finding evidence of the drafting and rewriting of music and words on the manuscript page, music moving between illiterate and literate spheres, and texts being added to pre-existing music as well as melodies to pre-existing texts.
Liturgical Music and Drama
Authors: Petersen Nils Holger
Published: May 2022

The chapter gives a brief survey of the huge development in liturgical music for the medieval Latin Church from orally transmitted chant in the eighth century to large-scale polyphonic mass composition in the fifteenth. However, it also points to the continued presence of monophonic chant throughout the period. From a modern anthropological point of view, the ceremonies to which the music belonged were rituals. Through appropriation, much of this music has become part also of modern listening practices in entirely different contexts. The appropriation of Roman chant and the beginnings of musical notation under the Carolingians are discussed, along with the rise of new liturgical and devotional musical practices during the following centuries, including what has been termed dramatic liturgy, in particular the Good Friday Adoration of the Cross.
Courtly Subjectivities
Authors: Swift Helen J. , Stone Anne
Published: May 2022

Through a series of case studies from Old Occitan, Old French and Middle French poetry, this chapter grapples with the slippery nature of lyric subjectivity and the parameters of courtliness. Considering the first-person subject position at the intersection of an array of possible categorisations (lyric and narrative, courtly and clerkly, singularity and universality, sincerity and irony, song and book), it examines how medieval lyric poetry functions as a form of communication, and as a mode apt to engage playfully with a range of topics. It finds the defining quality of lyric subjectivity to be its essential mobility.
Introduction
Authors: King Ros
Published: May 2022

The chapter considers sixteenth- and seventeenth-century understanding of music as an emotive force and a means of communication, whether with or without words.
It shows how pan-European education in Latin and classical rhetoric coloured musical as well as poetic theory written in Italy, Germany and England, and demonstrates the importance of repetition and metaphor in both musical and literary practice. It explores ways in which English writers exploited the particular rhythmic, rhyming, and stress characteristics of the English language according to an understanding of musical ‘proportion’ which even allows the construction of silence within the line.
The argument concludes with a case study of the opening of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, where actual stage music prompts a long speech in which the physical properties of the character’s words (the use of long vowels; consecutively stressed syllables) create a synaesthesia of sound, scent, image, and semantics.
Music and the Literature of Science in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Gouk Penelope
Published: May 2022

This chapter explains why music was so important to English natural philosophers in the seventeenth century and identifies the key scientific literature on the subject. In this period the term ‘science’ denoted a body of theoretical texts while ‘experimental philosophy’ was nearer to modern understandings of scientific endeavour, and it is this aspect of musical science that is chiefly focused on here. In his Sylva Sylvarum (1626) Francis Bacon advocated the investigation of music and sound (acoustics), while a decade later in his Harmonie Universelle Marin Mersenne established the musical laws governing pitch and frequency (harmonics). These books had a demonstrable influence on the early activities of the Royal Society, and musical topics soon appeared in its Philosophical Transactions, the first scientific journal to be published. Isaac Newton used his knowledge of Mersenne’s laws to help him mathematise the transmission of sound, light, and planetary motion. Newton also speculated on the division of the colour spectrum into ratios corresponding to the seven notes of the musical scale.
The Music of Narrative Poetry: Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton
Authors: Fuller David
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the music of narrative poetry from The Faerie Queene (1590, 1596) to Paradise Lost (1667), including Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. These varied forms involve a conspectus of kinds of verbal music – rhyming stanza patterns and blank verse; the interplay of these with different kinds of syntax, and richness of diction derived from earlier English sources (Spenser) and from Greek and Latin (Milton); also the devices of expressive structuration that these poets learned from their training in classical rhetoric, from simple sound effects (alliteration, assonance) to the elaborate sonic patternings of the Spenserian stanza and the Miltonic paragraph. The chapter also discusses twentieth-century ideas about the importance of music to meaning in poetry (Eliot, Pound, Stevens, Heaney), including Eliot’s critique of Milton (that sound and sense are not fully congruent) as an index of a more general problem: what Milton called the ‘simple, sensuous and passionate’ in poetry in relation to the densely compressed learning and wit and the rhetorical complexity of narrative poetry in this period.
Best-Selling Ballads in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Marsh Christopher
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the relationship between literature and music as presented in highly successful broadside ballads from seventeenth-century England. It provides a brief introduction to ballads and their performance before concentrating on the ways in which ballad texts referenced music, and the importance of tunes in the dissemination and interpretation of ballads.
Maurice Greene and the English Church Music Tradition
Authors: Gardner Matthew
Published: May 2022

In early eighteenth-century London the church remained an important employer of musicians. One of the leading composers of English church music was Maurice Greene, whose canticles and anthems display his talent for vivid musical settings of the texts. Greene therefore serves as an ideal example of how an eighteenth-century composer could engage with biblical texts within the liturgy of the Anglican Church.
Shelley’s Musical Gifts
Authors: D’Arcy Wood Gillen
Published: May 2022

Percy Bysshe Shelley, though not an active musician, was a keen listener. Like other progressive intellectuals in the 1810s, he perceived in the act of listening to music a form of soulful elevation which, in poems such as ‘Ode to the West Wind’, he connected to awakened political consciousness and self-realisation.
Shelley twice gave musical instruments to women whose musical talents inspired him poetically. The first was an expensive Kirkman piano given to Claire Clairmont, the second an Italian-made guitar given to Jane Williams. His poems inspired by them, ‘To Constantia, Singing’ and ‘With a Guitar. To Jane’, are contrasted with his ‘Letter to Maria Gisborne’, a poem addressed to a third musician friend, which contains no explicit musical references. Shelley believed that music was a property of his verse: in his Defence of Poetry, he distinguishes poetry from prose by virtue of its ‘uniform and harmonious recurrence of sound, without which it were not poetry’. Finally, the neuroscience of listening to music is briefly discussed.
Performative Enactment vs Experiential Embodiment: Goethe Settings by Zelter, Reichardt and Schubert
Authors: Brown Marshall
Published: May 2022

The Romantic art song moved away from strophic poetic settings or sonorous declamation, with emotional nuance contributed by ornamentation and other performance subtleties, toward a more total integration of text and music, with expression tied to composition rather than to performance. This chapter illustrates the change, instancing Goethe settings by Johann Friedrich Reichardt and Carl Friedrich Zelter (the leading Lied composers of Goethe’s generation), and then Franz Schubert. The earlier composers rely on the singer to bring their musical scaffolds to life, featuring mood rather than drama, and encouraged in Zelter’s case by abundant performance directions. Schubert constructs intricately dynamic interchanges among words, keyboard, and vocalist. The key to the earlier songs is ‘soul’; that to Schubert is ‘experience’, as understood by Hegel. The Hegelian mode has overshadowed the earlier style, which is worth recognising as an equally valid, historically differentiated approach to understanding poetry.
The Musical Poetry of the Graveyard
Authors: Richards Annette
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores late-eighteenth-century musical responses to German and English texts on death and dying, presenting a musical aesthetics of the graveyard that ranges from horror to consolation, from the intensely corporeal to the transcendent and disembodied. Opening with Beethoven’s fragment for glass harmonica and spoken voice for Leonore Prohaska, the chapter points to a rhetoric of impassioned haunting in graveyard poetry (Blair’s The Grave, Warton’s Pleasures of Melancholy), and in Bürger’s Lenore, with its extravagant musical setting by the blind pianist Maria Theresia von Paradis. By contrast, Gray’s Elegy and Klopstock’s odes ‘Die Sommernacht’ and ‘Die frühen Gräber’ set to music by Gluck, stage transcendence and consolation. The chapter concludes with an analysis of Haydn’s ‘The Spirit’s Song’, which oscillates between these poles, and whose painstaking attention to the details of verbal gesture indicates not only skill in bringing music to words, but also deep sympathy with the aesthetics of late-eighteenth-century gothic.
Of Mathematics, Marrow-Bones and Marriage: Eighteenth-Century Convivial Song
Authors: Price Christopher
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces the glee and the catch, musical genres quite distinctive in the history of late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century culture. While continental music was dominated by instrumental forms, this unaccompanied vocal music flourished in the British Isles – deliberately nurtured by well-funded competitions. The popularity of catches was also related to their association with men’s sociable drinking; that of glees is partly explained by the literate nature of their texts: the tradition of learned wit, particularly evident in the writings of Laurence Sterne, finds its musical counterpart in the work of Samuel Webbe and others.
James, Argento and T HE A SPERN P APERS : ‘Orpheus and the Maenads’
Authors: Halliwell Michael
Published: May 2022

Music, and particularly opera, is a feature of much of Henry James’s later work, and is used with increasing sophistication as a trope. James’s 1888 novella The Aspern Papers is a meditation on writing and art. Set in Venice, it is a self-conscious examination of the role of the writer and the importance of art in society and how personal biography influences and shapes artistic output. Premièred a hundred years later, Dominick Argento’s opera based on the novella takes its cue from James’s work and transforms it into an exploration of the continued viability of opera as an art form. It reveals a fascinating late-twentieth century perspective on nineteenth-century artistic practice using a complexly layered narrative mode to interrogate the value of the artist in society.