bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Analysis of Ait-Sahalia-Type Model for Rough Volatility Modelling
Authors: Coffie Emmanuel , Mao Xuerong , Proske Frank
Published: June 2023

Fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $$H<\frac{1}{2}$$

H
<

1
2

is used widely, for instance, to describe ‘rough’ volatility data in finance. In this paper, we examine a generalised Ait-Sahalia-type model driven by a fractional Brownian motion with $$H<\frac{1}{2}$$

H
<

1
2

and establish theoretical properties such as an existence-and-uniqueness theorem, regularity in the sense of Malliavin differentiability and higher moments of the strong solutions.
Oxygen production at intermediate temperatures using Ca2AlMnO5+δ double perovskite-type oxides
Authors: Pishahang Mehdi , Larring Yngve , Cloete Schalk , Sunding Martin Fleissner , Denonville Christelle , Li Zuoan
Published: June 2023

Double-perovskite Ca2AlMnO5+δ exhibits promising oxygen uptake and release capacity at intermediate temperatures (400–700 °C), which makes it an interesting candidate for in situ oxygen production in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) process. Experiments were conducted at 10 bars by alternating gas feeds of air and various sweep gases to a packed bed filled with 300 g of granular oxygen carrier materials. These realistic operating conditions demonstrated that 15–20% oxygen can be introduced to the sweep gas, which is sufficient for autothermal gasification of solid fuels in IGCC. Argon performed slightly better than CO2 as a sweep gas, presumably because of some CO2 absorption or the higher O2 partial pressure of CO2 that inhibited O2 release. Further O2 concentration increases can be expected from increasing the temperature under reduction by feeding a fuel gas to combust with the released O2, but experiments with H2 did not produce the desired effect because the combustion reaction was too slow at the optimal reactor temperature (~ 600 °C). In general, the reduction stage was more prone to kinetic limitations, as illustrated by a significant decrease in O2 concentration when the sweep flowrate was increased. A longer oxidation stage to fully charge the oxygen carrier also increased O2 concentrations in the sweep, but this requires a process integration such as IGCC where the large quantity of warm depleted air can be effectively utilized. Furthermore, the enthalpy of oxidation of Ca2AlMnO5+δ was obtained from density functional theory modeling, equilibrium conditions in thermogravimetric analysis, packed bed experiments and directly from differential scanning calorimetry. The enthalpy of oxidation obtained by these techniques range from − 166 to − 196 kJ mol−1 O2.
Research on urban country parks based on emergency medical facilities for public health emergencies—a case study of Guangzhou, China
Authors: Li Shuai , Wu Zheng , Tang Jiefang , Wang Shuo , Wang Pengfei
Published: June 2023

As COVID-19 has swept across the world, the escalating number of confirmed and suspected cases overwhelmed the admission capacity of the designated hospitals. Faced with such a grim situation, governments made a quick decision to build emergency medical facilities to address the outbreak. However, the emergency medical facilities faced a huge risk of epidemic spread and improper site could lead to serious secondary transmission. Using the disaster prevention and risk avoidance function of urban green space can solve the problem of selecting the location of emergency medical facilities to a certain extent, with country parks having a high degree of compatibility with the latter. Based on the location requirements of emergency medical facilities, using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Delphi method, through analyzing the type of country parks, effective risk avoidance area, spatial fragmentation, distance from water sources, wind direction, and distance from the city, quantification of 8 impact factors such as hydrogeology and traffic duration was conducted to comprehensively compare 30 country parks in Guangzhou. The results showed that the overall quality of country parks approximated a normal distribution, with Lianma Forest Country Park having the highest comprehensive score and the most balanced distribution of scores for various impact factors. Considering safety, expandability, rehabilitation, convenience, pollution prevention, and fecal isolation, it is a preferred destination for emergency medical facility construction.
Interior-point algorithm for symmetric cone horizontal linear complementarity problems based on a new class of algebraically equivalent transformations
Authors: Darvay Zsolt , Rigó Petra Renáta
Published: June 2023

We generalize a primal-dual interior-point algorithm (IPA) proposed recently in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022) to $$P_*(\kappa )$$

P

∗

(
κ
)

-horizontal linear complementarity problems (LCPs) over Cartesian product of symmetric cones. The algorithm is based on the algebraic equivalent transformation (AET) technique with a new class of AET functions. The new class is a modification of the class of AET functions proposed in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022) where only two conditions are used as opposed to three used in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022). Furthermore, the algorithm is a feasible algorithm that uses full Nesterov-Todd steps, hence, no calculation of step-size is necessary. Nevertheless, we prove that the proposed IPA has the iteration bound that matches the best known iteration bound for IPAs solving these types of problems.
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children
Authors: Bartlett Johanna Ascher , Kohli Rohit
Published: June 2023

Hepatic encephalopathy, characterized by mental status changes and neuropsychiatric impairment, is associated with chronic liver disease as well as acute liver failure. In children, its clinical manifestations can be challenging to pinpoint. However, careful assessment for the development of hepatic encephalopathy is imperative when caring for these patients as progression of symptoms can indicate impending cerebral edema and systemic deterioration. Hepatic encephalopathy can present with hyperammonemia, but it is important to note that the degree of hyperammonemia is not indicative of severity of clinical manifestations. Newer forms of assessment are undergoing further research, and include imaging, EEG and neurobiomarkers. Mainstay of treatment currently includes management of underlying cause of liver disease, as well as reduction of hyperammonemia with either enteral medications such as lactulose and rifaximin, or even with extracorporeal liver support modalities.
Partially Autonomous Belief
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas
Published: June 2023

Adam Carter (2022) recently proposed that a successful analysis of knowledge needs to include an autonomy condition. Autonomy, for Carter, requires a lack of a compulsion history. A compulsion history bypasses one’s cognitive competences and results in a belief that is difficult to shed. I argue that Carter’s autonomy condition does not cover partially autonomous beliefs properly. Some belief-forming processes are partially bypassing one’s competences, but not bypassing them completely. I provide a case for partially autonomous belief based on processing fluency effects and argue that partially autonomous beliefs only amount to knowledge in some cases. I finally suggest how to adjust the autonomy condition to capture partially autonomous belief properly.
Systematic review of the performance evaluation of clinicians with or without the aid of machine learning clinical decision support system
Authors: Nuutinen Mikko , Leskelä Riikka-Leena
Published: June 2023

Background

For the adoption of machine learning clinical decision support systems (ML-CDSS) it is critical to understand the performance aid of the ML-CDSS. However, it is not trivial, how the performance aid should be evaluated. To design reliable performance evaluation study, both the knowledge from the practical framework of experimental study design and the understanding of domain specific design factors are required.

Objective

The aim of this review study was to form a practical framework and identify key design factors for experimental design in evaluating the performance of clinicians with or without the aid of ML-CDSS.

Methods

The study was based on published ML-CDSS performance evaluation studies. We systematically searched articles published between January 2016 and December 2022. From the articles we collected a set of design factors. Only the articles comparing the performance of clinicians with or without the aid of ML-CDSS using experimental study methods were considered.

Results

The identified key design factors for the practical framework of ML-CDSS experimental study design were performance measures, user interface, ground truth data and the selection of samples and participants. In addition, we identified the importance of randomization, crossover design and training and practice rounds. Previous studies had shortcomings in the rationale and documentation of choices regarding the number of participants and the duration of the experiment.

Conclusion

The design factors of ML-CDSS experimental study are interdependent and all factors must be considered in individual choices.
Construction and demolition waste repurposed for heavy metal ion removal from wastewater: a review of current approaches
Authors: Ranaweera K. H. , Grainger M. N. C. , French A. D. , Mucalo M. R.
Published: June 2023

Over the past few decades, the world is facing critical water supply problems caused by the relentless increase of global human populations and the associated rise of anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are among the main water pollutants which pose a great threat to human health. Hence, globally there has been a large amount of research devoted to investigating cost-effective and sustainable methods for removal of heavy metals from polluted water. One such area of interest is the utilization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) materials for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn). This review focuses on the most current research for the use of CDW as an adsorbent. The different heavy metal ion removal mechanisms involved are also discussed. Further, this article documents the regeneration and reuse strategies for heavy metal treated adsorbents and the efforts to apply these materials in large-scale applications. Finally, the main research gaps are identified and future research directions suggested.
Projectile Impact on Plain and Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Jacobsen Øystein E. K. , Kristoffersen Martin , Dey Sumita , Børvik Tore
Published: June 2023

Reinforced concrete is a material frequently used in protective structures and infrastructure exposed to extreme loading. In this study, the ballistic perforation resistance of 100 mm thick plain and reinforced concrete slabs impacted by 20 mm ogive-nose steel projectiles was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Two different reinforcement configurations were used to investigate the effect of rebar diameter and spacing. Concrete with nominal unconfined compressive strength of 75 MPa was used to cast material test specimens and slabs. Ballistic impact tests were performed in a compressed gas gun facility. The mechanical properties of the concrete were found using standardised tests and two-dimensional digital image correlation, and the constitutive relation was described by a modified version of the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook model. Finite element models in LS-DYNA reproduced the projectile residual velocity in good agreement with the experimental results. The primary objective of the study was thus to validate a rather simple constitutive relation intended for large scale numerical simulations of concrete structures exposed to ballistic impact loading, while a secondary objective was to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the ballistic perforation resistance of concrete slabs both experimentally and numerically since the literature is somewhat inconsistent on this matter.
Facial and Vocal Emotion Recognition in Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zupan Barbra , Eskritt Michelle
Published: June 2023

The ability to recognize emotion is important to wellbeing and building relationships with others, making this skill important in adolescence. Research investigating adolescents’ ability to recognize facial and vocal emotion expressions has reported differing conclusions about the pattern of emotion recognition across this developmental period. This systematic review aimed to clarify the pattern of recognition for facial and vocal emotion expressions, and the relationship of performance to different task and emotion expression characteristics. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted using six databases. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data for adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age and measure accuracy of the recognition of emotion cues in either the face or voice. A total of 2333 studies were identified and 47 met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies focused on facial emotion recognition. Overall, early, mid-, and late-adolescents showed a similar pattern of recognition for both facial and vocal emotion expressions with the exception of Sad facial expressions. Sex of the participant also had minimal impact on the overall recognition of different emotions. However, analysis showed considerable variability according to task and emotion expression characteristics. Future research needs to increase focus on recognition of complex emotions, and low-intensity emotion expressions as well as the influence of the inclusion of Neutral as a response option.
Kardiologischer Check-up bei Frauen in den Wechseljahren
Authors: Sudano Isabella , Thevan Jeivicaa , Osto Elena
Published: June 2023

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, insbesondere atherothrombotische Ereignisse, verursachen jährlich über 4 Mio. Todesfälle in Europa. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen enden insgesamt tödlicher für die Frauen (2,2 Mio.) als für die Männer (1,8 Mio.), wohingegen kardiovaskuläre Todesfälle vor dem 65. Lebensjahr vorwiegend Männer betreffen (490.000 vs. 193.000). Das Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko ist nach der Menopause erhöht, das Risiko steigt weiter bei vorzeitiger oder früher Menopause. Risikofaktoren wie arterielle Hypertonie sollen spätestens ab dem 18. Lebensjahr abgeklärt werden, bei Verdacht auf eine familiäre Hypercholesterinämie soll eine Abklärung bereits im Kindesalter erfolgen. Frauen mit erhöhtem Risiko sollten deshalb früher zur Vorsorgeuntersuchung gehen. Für alle anderen Frauen ist ein kardialer Check-up generell nach der Menopause bzw. ab dem 50. Lebensjahr empfohlen. Welche kardiologischen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen für eine Frau in den Wechseljahren sinnvoll sind, hängt von individuellen Faktoren wie Krankheiten in der Familie, Alter, Vorerkrankungen oder kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren ab. Zudem zählen als wichtige Aspekte die Lebensstilfaktoren (Konsum von Tabak oder Nikotin, Ernährung, körperliche Aktivität, Stress, Konsum von illegalen Drogen) sowie die familiäre und berufliche Situation. Ein kardiologischer Check-up bietet die Gelegenheit, Lebensgewohnheiten zu besprechen und individuelle Ratschläge zu erteilen. Auf Basis der Untersuchungsresultate werden gezielte, nach Alter und individuellen Risikofaktoren angepasste Präventivmassnahmen mit bewiesener Wirksamkeit empfohlen.
Feature Attention as a Control Mechanism for the Balance of Speed and Accuracy in Visual Search
Authors: Griffith Thom , Townend Florence J. , Baker Sophie-Anne , Lepora Nathan F.
Published: June 2023

Finding an object amongst a cluttered visual scene is an everyday task for humans but presents a fundamental challenge to computational models performing this feat. Previous attempts to model efficient visual search have focused on locating targets as swiftly as possible, but so far have not considered balancing the costs of lengthy searches against the costs of making errors. Here, we propose a neuro-inspired model of visual search that offers an attention-based control mechanism for this speed-accuracy trade-off. The model combines a goal-based fixation policy, which captures human-like behaviour on a simple visual search task, with a deep neural network that carries out the target detection step. The neural network is patched with a target-based feature attention model previously applied to standalone classification tasks. In contrast to image classification, visual search introduces a time component, which places an additional demand on the model to minimise the time cost of the search whilst also maintaining acceptable accuracy. The proposed model balances these two costs by modulating the attentional strength given to characteristic features of the target class, thereby minimising an associated cost function. The model offers a method for optimising the costs of visual search and demonstrates the value of a decision theoretic approach to modelling more complex visual tasks involving attention.
Comparative Assessment of Survival and Clinical Outcome Between Two Commercial Vitrification Kits with Different Warming Protocols After Blastocyst Culture: Potential Perspectives Toward Simplified Warming Procedures
Authors: Gunst Jan , Vynck Matthijs , Hostens Katleen , Standaert Valerie , Roggeman Sylvie , van de Vijver Arne
Published: June 2023

This study investigates whether there is an effect on laboratory results and clinical outcome using commercial kits with similar vitrification but different warming procedures for blastocysts vitrified on day 5 or day 6. A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed between 2011 and 2020. A change from a stage-specific kit (Kit 1) to a universal kit (Kit 2) was undertaken in 2017. A total of 1845 untested blastocysts were warmed for single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers (SVBT). Eight hundred and twenty-five blastocysts were vitrified with Kit 1 and 1020 with Kit 2. Blastocyst survival was not different (96.1% versus 97.3%). Seven hundred seventy-seven SVBT were performed from Kit 1 and 981 from Kit 2. Overall clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were not different (35.4% versus 34.1% and 30.9% versus 30.5% for Kit 1 and 2, respectively). Subgroup analysis for live birth rates in relation to the day of blastocyst vitrification showed no differences (36.1% and 36.1% for day 5 and 25.4% and 23.5% for day 6 blastocysts, respectively). For both kits, the mean gestational age was not different (38.8 ± 2.5 weeks versus 38.8 ± 2.0 weeks) with a singleton birth weight of 3413 ± 571 g and 3410 ± 528 g for Kit 1 and Kit 2, respectively. Differences in warming procedures do not affect laboratory performance or clinical outcome after blastocyst vitrification. The plasticity of a human blastocyst may allow for further investigation on simplification of blastocyst warming procedures.
Learning theory for inferring interaction kernels in second-order interacting agent systems
Authors: Miller Jason , Tang Sui , Zhong Ming , Maggioni Mauro
Published: June 2023

Modeling the complex interactions of systems of particles or agents is a fundamental problem across the sciences, from physics and biology, to economics and social sciences. In this work, we consider second-order, heterogeneous, multivariable models of interacting agents or particles, within simple environments. We describe a nonparametric inference framework to efficiently estimate the latent interaction kernels which drive these dynamical systems. We develop a learning theory which establishes strong consistency and optimal nonparametric min–max rates of convergence for the estimators, as well as provably accurate predicted trajectories. The optimal rates only depends on intrinsic dimension of interactions, which is typically much smaller than the ambient dimension. Our arguments are based on a coercivity condition which ensures that the interaction kernels can be estimated in stable fashion. The numerical algorithm presented to build the estimators is parallelizable, performs well on high-dimensional problems, and its performance is tested on a variety of complex dynamical systems.
Distributed fixed-time control for six-degree-of-freedom spacecraft formation with event-triggered observer
Authors: Zhang J. , Xia H. , Li Z.
Published: June 2023

The paper addresses the six-degree-of-freedom coupled control problem for spacecraft formation flying subject to actuator saturation and input quantisation whilst considering limited communication resources. Firstly, a novel event-triggered distributed observer without continuous communications is presented to recover the information of the virtual leader. Remarkably, by embedding a hyperbolic tangent function-based nonlinear term into the triggering condition, the event-based observer realises a more reasonable trigger threshold. Subsequently, an adding-a-power-integrator-based fixed-time control algorithm is proposed for the follower spacecraft. Further, the control scheme ingeniously compensates for the actuator saturation and the input quantisation problems without embedding auxiliary systems. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to highlight the advantages of the theoretical results.
Enhancing an enterprise data warehouse for research with data extracted using natural language processing
Authors: Magoc Tanja , Everson Russell , Harle Christopher A.
Published: June 2023

Objective:

This study aims to develop a generalizable architecture for enhancing an enterprise data warehouse for research (EDW4R) with results from a natural language processing (NLP) model, which allows discrete data derived from clinical notes to be made broadly available for research use without need for NLP expertise. The study also quantifies the additional value that information extracted from clinical narratives brings to EDW4R.

Materials and methods:

Clinical notes written during one month at an academic health center were used to evaluate the performance of an existing NLP model and to quantify its value added to the structured data. Manual review was utilized for performance analysis. The architecture for enhancing the EDW4R is described in detail to enable reproducibility.

Results:

Two weeks were needed to enhance EDW4R with data from 250 million clinical notes. NLP generated 16 and 39% increase in data availability for two variables.

Discussion:

Our architecture is highly generalizable to a new NLP model. The positive predictive value obtained by an independent team showed only slightly lower NLP performance than the values reported by the NLP developers. The NLP showed significant value added to data already available in structured format.

Conclusion:

Given the value added by data extracted using NLP, it is important to enhance EDW4R with these data to enable research teams without NLP expertise to benefit from value added by NLP models.
Helicobacter pylorivirulence factors: subversion of host immune system and development of various clinical outcomes
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Roghayeh , Menbari Shaho , Pishdadian Abbas , Farsiani Hadi
Published: June 2023

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a worldwide spread bacterium, co-evolving with humans for at least 100 000 years. Despite the uncertainty about the mode ofH. pyloritransmission, the development of intra-gastric and extra-gastric diseases is attributed to this bacterium. The morphological transformation and production of heterogenic virulence factors enableH. pylorito overcome the harsh stomach environment. Using numerous potent disease-associated virulence factors makesH. pyloria prominent pathogenic bacterium. These bacterial determinants are adhesins (e.g., blood group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA)/sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA)), enzymes (e.g., urease), toxins (e.g., vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA)), and effector proteins (e.g., cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)) involved in colonisation, immune evasion, and disease induction.H. pylorinot only cleverly evades the immune system but also robustly induces immune responses. This insidious bacterium employs various strategies to evade human innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to a life-long infection. Owing to the alteration of surface molecules, innate immune receptors couldn't recognise this bacterium; moreover, modulation of effector T cells subverts adaptive immune response. Most of the infected humans are asymptomatic and only a few of them present severe clinical outcomes. Therefore, the identification of virulence factors will pave the way for the prediction of infection severity and the development of an effective vaccine.H. pylorivirulence factors are hereby comprehensively reviewed and the bacterium evasion from the immune response is properly discussed.
Timing fluctuation correction for the front end of a 100-PW laser
Authors: Li Hongyang , Liu Keyang , Wang Xinliang , Liu Xingyan , Meng Xianze , Liu Yanqi , Song Liwei , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: June 2023

The development of high-intensity ultrafast laser facilities provides the possibility to create novel physical phenomena and matter states. The timing fluctuation of the laser pulses is crucial for pump–probe experiments, which is one of the vital means to observe the ultrafast dynamics driven by intense laser pulses. In this paper, we demonstrate the timing fluctuation characterization and control of the front end of a 100-PW laser that is composed of a high-contrast optical parametric amplifier (seed) and a 200-TW optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (preamplifier). By combining the timing jitter measurement with a feedback system, the laser seed and preamplifier are synchronized to the reference with timing fluctuations of 1.82 and 4.48 fs, respectively. The timing system will be a key prerequisite for the stable operation of 100-PW laser facilities and provide the basis for potential pump–probe experiments performed on the laser.
Decolonizing Allyship and Settler Support for Indigenous Climate Justice: A Note of Thanks to Andrea Sullivan-Clarke
Authors: Smith Andrew Frederick
Published: June 2023

I've been thinking quite a lot of late about how, as a settler, I can more fully and effectively support Indigenous peoples struggling for climate justice. In the process, I've found Andrea Sullivan-Clarke's recent insights about decolonizing allyship most helpful. After offering a brief summary of the necessary and sufficient conditions Sullivan-Clarke identifies for decolonizing allyship, I reflect on how I personally can strive to meet these conditions while remaining aware that—like my recovery from alcoholism—my work will never be complete.
Toril Moi's Phenomenological Account of “Woman” and Questions of Trans Inclusivity
Authors: Neuhann Esther Lea
Published: June 2023

The recent debate in feminist philosophy about an adequate concept of woman presupposes the distinction between sex and gender, and most proposals operate on the gender level. Building on Simone de Beauvoir, Toril Moi suggested an account of “woman” that does not rely on the distinction between sex and gender (Moi 1999a). She criticizes that this distinction suggests too strong a separation between the bodily and social dimensions of a person's identity. Instead, her account of “woman” centers around the phenomenological concept of the “body as situation” or the lived/living body (Leib). This understanding of the body emphasizes a person's subjective experience of their own body rather than a third-personal (for example, medical) perspective on humans’ bodies. With her proposal, Moi aims, on the one hand, to resist biological determinism, and, on the other, to avoid the dualism of the sex/gender distinction. In this article, I re-introduce Moi's position to the recent debate and examine how it fares regarding the “inclusion problem” (Katharine Jenkins) toward trans women. I suggest that Moi's account provides resources for an attractive, individualistic, and hence inclusive account of embodied gender identity. For political purposes, however, we also need to analyze concrete contexts of gender-related oppression.
Viscous damping of steady-state resonant sloshing in a clean rectangular tank
Authors: Miliaiev Anton , Timokha Alexander
Published: June 2023

A machine learning of the unknown a priori viscous damping, incorporated into the single-dominant nonlinear ‘inviscid’ modal theory by Faltinsen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000, pp. 201–234) on resonant sloshing (the forcing frequency close to the lowest natural sloshing frequency) in a clean (no internal structures) rigid rectangular tank, is proposed. The learning procedure requires a set of measured phase lags between the harmonic horizontal tank excitation and the steady-state resonant wave response. A good consistency with experiments by Bäuerlein & Avila (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 925, 2021, A22) on the liquid-mass centre motions is shown. The latter confirms that the free-surface nonlinearity (causing an energy flow from the primary-excited to higher natural sloshing modes) and viscous damping of the higher natural sloshing modes matter, as well as that the damping rates can depend on the steady-state wave amplitude.
New specimens of Cyclocystoides scammaphoris (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician rocks of the American midcontinent with implications for cyclocystoid functional morphology
Authors: Kolata Dennis R. , Frank Terry , Kaplan Asa , Guensburg Thomas E.
Published: June 2023

New specimens of Cyclocystoides scammaphoris Smith and Paul, 1982, are here reported from the Upper Ordovician Platteville Formation of northern Illinois, Plattin and Decorah groups of east-central Missouri, and Lebanon Limestone of central Tennessee. These fossils reveal skeletal details that provide insight into the anatomy of cyclocystoids. Of particular significance is a network of channels that likely originate near the center of the central disk and extend along the oral side of the radial plates, bifurcating distally two or three times before entering the radial facets on the proximal surface of each marginal ossicle. From here, the network enters a series of facet canals that extend upward through each marginal ossicle, exiting in a linear row of pores. The canals are very similar in size and distribution to the nerve canals in living echinoderms. The axes of the canals, which number up to 500 in some specimens, and those of the radial ducts project proximally away from the oral surface at an elevation angle of about 25°, apparently forming a network that could have converged within the upper part of the body cavity. This origin and function are made clear by the connection between the channel on each radial plate and the radial facet canal pores within each marginal ossicle.
JACOBIAN ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS IN SIGNATURE FOUR
Authors: ROBINSON P. L.
Published: June 2023

The signature four elliptic theory of Ramanujan is provided with a counterpart to the Jacobian modular sine; this counterpart yields natural direct proofs of several hypergeometric identities recorded by Ramanujan, bypassing the signature four transfer principle of Berndt et al. [‘Ramanujan’s theories of elliptic functions to alternative bases’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.347 (1995), 4163–4244].
PINDAR, OLYMPIAN 2.100
Authors: Lane Nicholas
Published: June 2023

This note questions the transmitted word order at Pind. Ol. 2.100 and proposes a transposition to remove short open vowel at verse end.
Value of surveillance ultrasound following hemithyroidectomy
Authors: O'Brien Owen , Hilmi Omar , Wright Sylvia , McArthur Claire
Published: June 2023

Background

There is limited evidence or agreement on the benefit, duration and frequency of post-operative surveillance neck ultrasound in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with hemithyroidectomy alone. This study's primary aim was to assess the benefit of neck ultrasound in this situation, with a secondary aim to assess the detection of malignancy in the contralateral lobe in patients undergoing completion surgery.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients who had differentiated thyroid cancer found at diagnostic hemithyroidectomy between 1 December 2013 and 31 December 2016.

Results

Of 105 patients, 74 underwent completion thyroidectomy. Thirty-five per cent of these patients had malignancy identified in the contralateral lobe, the majority were unsuspected sonographically. Of 31 hemithyroidectomy patients, 1 had a nodule classified as ‘U3’ (indeterminate) at the first ultrasound surveillance, ultimately identified as incidental papillary microcarcinomas on completion thyroidectomy. There was no other disease recurrence or malignancy at a median of 3.8 years’ follow up.

Conclusion

The findings indicate a limited role for ultrasound follow up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with hemithyroidectomy alone.
The Politics of Libel: Thomas Erskine, Freedom of the Press, and Transatlantic Legal Culture, c. 1780–1830
Authors: Phillips Nicola
Published: June 2023

This article analyzes how the multidirectional movement of legal and popular printed texts, newspapers, letters, and citizens contributed to the political and legal influence of individual lawyers across the Atlantic. It is based on a case study of leading common law barrister and Whig MP Thomas Erskine (1750–1823). It examines the dissemination of Erskine's legal and political arguments, and other publications in support of freedom of the press and the constitutional importance of trial by jury in libel trials. Erskine's Country Whig politics, key role in the passage of the 1792 Libel Act, and support for American independence were admired by American lawyers, diplomats, and politicians. His disinterested public service as an advocate meant he personified the ideal of a patriot lawyer that underpinned the classical republican model of law, citizenship, and politics on both sides of the Atlantic. Erskine's powerful, often emotive forensic rhetoric was equally admired as part of a shared transatlantic legal culture, linking law, politics and literature. The speeches were reprinted and widely circulated in edited collections, texts on oratory, trial reports, newspapers, and periodicals; key arguments were also referenced in legal treatises on libel. Hence, parts of his most significant speeches in English libel trials came to be regarded as “usable” legal texts studied by students and re-cited by American defense lawyers in court.
Welcome to Our (Divided) Team
Authors: Creon Laura Elisabeth , Schermuly Carsten C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Since team colleagues and leaders are the first points of contact for organizational newcomers, they could play an important role in newcomers’ socialization success. On the basis of the social identity approach and signaling theory, we expect perceived subgroups in the team and leader–member exchange (LMX), respectively, to predict socialization outcomes (i. e., social integration, organizational attractiveness, intentions to remain). Furthermore, we expect psychological safety to mediate these processes. We conducted a two-wave field study ( N = 56 interns) and an experimental vignette study ( N = 144 students). Results showed perceived subgroups (only in Study 2) and LMX to be related to socialization outcomes. Study 2 showed these relationships to be mediated by psychological safety. Thus, newcomers’ perceptions of their team and leader may be important in determining whether newcomers feel integrated and perceive their organization as attractive to remain in. Human resources practitioners should make organizational insiders aware of their role in newcomer socialization.
(A)symmetries in Memory and Directed Forgetting of Political Stimuli
Authors: Franks Andrew , Otani Hajime , Roupe Gavin T.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. As political information becomes increasingly prevalent in all forms of media, it is becoming increasingly important to understand when and why biases in remembering such information occur. Using an item-method directed forgetting procedure, we conducted two online experiments to determine the efficacy of admonitions to forget politically charged stimuli that were either congruent or incongruent with participants’ political beliefs. Participants viewed slideshows wherein each item combined the face of a famous politician (Donald Trump or Joe Biden) with a word that was positive, negative, or neutral in emotional valence. Each slide was followed by an instruction to remember or forget. After a brief filler task, a recognition test assessed their memory for both remember and forget slides and (in Experiment 2) assessed their beliefs about the truth of each word/face pairing and beliefs about the accuracy of their memory. The results showed that for both liberal and conservative participants, politically congruent stimuli were more conducive to recognition memory and more resistant to directed forgetting than politically incongruent or neutral stimuli. There were small asymmetries wherein conservatives showed greater biases in memory and other cognitive measures. We discuss possible explanations of the results and their implications.
The Functional Self
Authors: Schäfer Sarah , Wentura Dirk , Singh Tarini , Frings Christian
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Current research describes a particular component of the self-concept that influences a wide variety of cognitive processes while it depicts a rather basic component of the self-concept. However, this minimal self seems to be anything but simple; in fact, it seems to be highly functional. Based on previous findings on newly formed self-associations, we put the postulated functionality of this minimal self to another test by retesting its protection mechanisms against negative content. In a pilot experiment, we did not find an overall reduction of negative self-assignments against neutral self-assignments. However, the results indicated an initial difference (as hypothesized) between negative and neutral self-assignments, which decreases over the course of the experiment. We put this interactive effect of valence and block to test in our main experiment, which replicated the data pattern of the pilot experiment. In sum, the results indicate a mandatory integration of stimuli into the self-concept and also a reduction of the integration due to negative valence, thereby supporting a robust protection mechanism.
Three Gorges Dam Operations Affect the Carbon Dioxide Budget of a Large Downstream Connected Lake
Authors: Zhao Xiaosong , Fan Xingwang , Griffis Timothy J. , Xiao Ke , Li Xiang , Liu Yuanbo , Lai Xijun , Wan Rongrong , Li Tingting
Published: June 2023

The effects of dams on carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in downstream lakes remain elusive. Here we combined eddy covariance observations and random forest models to examine multi‐decadal variations in CO2 fluxes in the Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, and quantified the contribution of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the world's largest hydraulic project. We found the lake fluctuated between CO2 source and sink in 1961–2016, and tended to be CO2 sink in the post‐TGD period (2003–2016) when vegetation expanded early and spatially due to declining water level. TGD can explain approximately 6% of the total differences in annual CO2 fluxes, with major contributions in the impoundment period (up to 22% in middle September to October). The results show a positive side of operational major hydraulic projects on lake carbon sink, and probably caution the negative side of carbon release after dam removal.
Categorization of High‐Wind Events and Their Contribution to the Seasonal Breakdown of Stratification on the Southern New England Shelf
Authors: Taenzer Lukas L. , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Plueddemann Albert
Published: June 2023

High‐wind events predominantly cause the rapid breakdown of seasonal stratification on the continental shelf by the end of October. In particular the timing of events leads to considerable interannual variability in the stratification breakdown with a standard deviation of 15 days. Although previous studies have shown how coastal stratification depends on local wind‐forcing characteristics, the locally observed ocean forcing has not yet been linked to regional atmospheric weather patterns that determine the local wind characteristics. Establishing such a connection is a necessary first step toward examining how an altered atmospheric forcing due to climate change affects coastal ocean conditions. Here, we propose a categorization scheme for high‐wind events that links atmospheric forcing patterns with changes in stratification. We apply the scheme to the Southern New England shelf utilizing observations from the Ocean Observatories Initiative Coastal Pioneer Array (2015–2022). Impactful wind forcing patterns occur predominantly during early fall, have strong downwelling‐favorable winds, and are primarily of two types: (a) Cyclonic storms that propagate south of the continental shelf causing anticyclonically rotating winds, and (b) persistent large‐scale high‐pressure systems over East Canada causing steady north‐easterly winds. These patterns are associated with opposite temperature and salinity contributions to destratification, implying differences in the dominant processes driving ocean mixing based on a high‐wind pattern's overall strength and wind direction steadiness. The high‐wind event categorization scheme allows a transition from solely focusing on local wind forcing to considering realistic atmospheric weather patterns when investigating their impact on stratification in the coastal ocean.
High-performance flexible organic field effect transistors with print-based nanowires
Authors: Lu Liangkun , Wang Dazhi , Pu Changchang , Cao Yanyan , Li Yikang , Xu Pengfei , Chen Xiangji , Liu Chang , Liang Shiwen , Suo Liujia , Cui Yan , Zhao Zhiyuan , Guo Yunlong , Liang Junsheng , Liu Yunqi
Published: June 2023

Polymer nanowire (NW) organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) integrated on highly aligned large-area flexible substrates are candidate structures for the development of high-performance flexible electronics. This work presents a universal technique, coaxial focused electrohydrodynamic jet (CFEJ) printing technology, to fabricate highly aligned 90-nm-diameter polymer arrays. This method allows for the preparation of uniformly shaped and precisely positioned nanowires directly on flexible substrates without transfer, thus ensuring their electrical properties. Using indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8-BT) as example materials, 5 cm2arrays were prepared with only minute size variations, which is extremely difficult to do using previously reported methods. According to 2D-GIXRD analysis, the molecules inside the nanowires mainly adopted face-on π-stacking crystallite arrangements. This is quite different from the mixed arrangement of thin films. Nanowire-based OFETs exhibited a high average hole mobility of 1.1 cm2V−1s−1and good device uniformity, indicating the applicability of CFEJ printing as a potential batch manufacturing and integration process for high-performance, scalable polymer nanowire-based OFET circuits. This technique can be used to fabricate various polymer arrays, enabling the use of organic polymer semiconductors in large-area, high-performance electronic devices and providing a new path for the fabrication of flexible displays and wearable electronics in the future.
A direct spino-cortical circuit bypassing the thalamus modulates nociception
Authors: Cai Bing , Wu Dan , Xie Hong , Chen Yan , Wang Huadong , Jin Sen , Song Yuran , Li Anan , Huang Shiqi , Wang Sashuang , Lu Yingjin , Bao Lan , Xu Fuqiang , Gong Hui , Li Changlin , Zhang Xu
Published: June 2023

Nociceptive signals are usually transmitted to layer 4 neurons in somatosensory cortex via the spinothalamic-thalamocortical pathway. The layer 5 corticospinal neurons in sensorimotor cortex are reported to receive the output of neurons in superficial layers; and their descending axons innervate the spinal cord to regulate basic sensorimotor functions. Here, we show that a subset of layer 5 neurons receives spinal inputs through a direct spino-cortical circuit bypassing the thalamus, and thus define these neurons as spino-cortical recipient neurons (SCRNs). Morphological studies revealed that the branches from spinal ascending axons formed a kind of disciform structure with the descending axons from SCRNs in the basilar pontine nucleus (BPN). Electron microscopy and calcium imaging further confirmed that the axon terminals from spinal ascending neurons and SCRNs made functional synaptic contacts in the BPN, linking the ascending sensory pathway to the descending motor control pathway. Furthermore, behavioral tests indicated that the spino-cortical connection in the BPN was involved in nociceptive responses. In vivo calcium imaging showed that SCRNs responded to peripheral noxious stimuli faster than neighboring layer 4 cortical neurons in awake mice. Manipulating activities of SCRNs could modulate nociceptive behaviors. Therefore, this direct spino-cortical circuit represents a noncanonical pathway, allowing a fast sensory-motor transition of the brain in response to noxious stimuli.
Genome-wide association study of preterm birth and gestational age in a Japanese population
Authors: Hasegawa Keita , Kumasaka Natsuhiko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Kamura Hiromi , Maehara Kayoko , Kasuga Yoshifumi , Hata Kenichiro , Tanaka Mamoru
Published: June 2023

Preterm birth (PTB), defined as the birth of a baby at <37 weeks of gestation, is known to be the main cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Here, we report genetic associations between preterm birth and gestational age in a Japanese population. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 384 cases who delivered prematurely and 644 controls and considered gestational age as a quantitative trait in 1028 Japanese women. Unfortunately, we were unable to identify any significant variants associated with PTB or gestational age using the current sample. We also examined genetic associations previously reported in European populations and identified no associations, even with the genome-wide subthreshold (p value < 10–6). This data report aims to provide summary statistics of current GWASs on PTB in a Japanese population for future meta-analyses of genetics and PTB with larger sample sizes.
Partial convergence of the human vaginal and rectal maternal microbiota in late gestation and early post-partum
Authors: Shin Hakdong , Martinez Keith A. , Henderson Nora , Jay Melanie , Schweizer William , Bogaert Debby , Park Gwoncheol , Bokulich Nicholas A. , Blaser Martin J. , Dominguez-Bello Maria Gloria
Published: June 2023

The human vaginal and fecal microbiota change during pregnancy. Because of the proximity of these perineal sites and the evolutionarily conserved maternal-to-neonatal transmission of the microbiota, we hypothesized that the microbiota of these two sites (rectal and vaginal) converge during the last gestational trimester as part of the preparation for parturition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 16S rRNA sequences from vaginal introitus and rectal samples in 41 women at gestational ages 6 and 8 months, and at 2 months post-partum. The results show that the human vaginal and rectal bacterial microbiota converged during the last gestational trimester and into the 2nd month after birth, with a significant decrease in Lactobacillus species in both sites, as alpha diversity progressively increased in the vagina and decreased in the rectum. The microbiota convergence of the maternal vaginal-anal sites perinatally might hold significance for the inter-generational transmission of the maternal microbiota.