bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A counseling intervention to address HIV stigma at entry into antenatal care in Tanzania (Maisha): Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Watt Melissa H. , Knippler Elizabeth T. , Minja Linda , Kisigo Godfrey , Knettel Brandon A. , Ngocho James S. , Renju Jenny , Osaki Haika , Mwamba Rimel , Rogathi Jane J. , Mmbaga Blandina T.
Published: August 2019

Background: HIV-related stigma significantly impacts HIV care engagement, including in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs. Maisha is a stigma-based counseling intervention delivered during the first antenatal care (ANC) visit, complementing routine HIV counselling and testing. The goal of Maisha is to promote readiness to initiate and sustain treatment among those who are HIV-positive, and to reduce HIV stigmatizing attitudes among those who test negative. Methods : A pilot randomized control trial (RCT) will assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering Maisha in a clinical setting, and the potential efficacy of the intervention on HIV care engagement outcomes (for HIV-positive participants) and HIV stigma constructs (for all participants). 1000 women and approximately 700 male partners will be recruited from two study clinics in the Moshi municipality of Tanzania. Participants will be enrolled at their first ANC visit, prior to HIV testing. It is estimated that 50 women (5%) will be identified as HIV-positive. Following consent and a baseline survey, participants will be randomly assigned to either the control (standard of care) or the Maisha intervention. The Maisha intervention includes a video and counseling session prior to HIV testing, and two additional counseling sessions if the participant tests positive for HIV or has an established HIV diagnosis. A sub-set of approximately 500 enrolled participants (all HIV-positive participants, and a random selection of HIV-negative participants who have elevated stigma attitude scores) will complete a follow-up assessment at 3 months. Measures will include health outcomes (care engagement, antiretroviral adherence, depression) and HIV stigma outcomes. Quality assurance data will be collected and the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention will be described. Statistical analysis will examine potential differences between conditions in health outcomes and stigma measures, stratified by HIV status. Discussion : Antenatal care (ANC) provides a unique and important entry point to address HIV stigma. Interventions are needed to improve retention in PMTCT care and to improve community attitudes toward people living with HIV. Results of the Maisha pilot will be used to generate parameter estimates and potential ranges of values to estimate power for a full cluster-randomized trial in PMTCT settings, with extended follow-up and enhanced adherence measurement using a biomarker.
Detecting abnormal fundus images by employing deep transfer learning
Authors: yu yan , Wu Changfan , Chen Xiao , Zhu Xiangbing , Hou Yinfen , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Rongrong
Published: August 2019

BackgroundTo develop and validate a deep transfer learning (DTL) algorithm in detecting abnormalities of fundus images from non-mydriatic fundus photography examination.Methods1,295 fundus images from January 2017 to December 2018 at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were collected for developing and validating the deep transfer learning algorithm in detecting abnormal fundus images. The DTL model was developed by using 929(normal 254, abnormal 402) fundus images, including normal fundus images and abnormal fundus images, the latter including, maculopathy, optic neuropathy, vascular lesion, choroidal lesions, vitreous disease, cataract and the others. We tested our model using a subset of the publically available MESSIDOR dataset (using 366 images) and evaluate the testing performance of the DTL model for detecting abnormal fundus images. ResultsIn the internal validation data set (n=273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of the DTL for correctly classified funds images were 0.997, 97.41%, 97.07% and 96.82%, respectively. For test data set (n=273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy and specificity of the DTL for correctly classification funds images were 0.926, 88.17%, 87.18% and 86.67%, respectively.ConclusionIn the evaluation, the DTL presented high sensitivity and specificity for detecting abnormal fundus-related diseases. Further research is necessary to improve this method and evaluate the applicability of the DTL in the community health care center.
Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Muluneh Atalay Goshu , Kassa Getahun Molla , Merid Mehari Mariam
Published: August 2019

Background : Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for FGM interview. The data was weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS excel and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis was done using STATA 14. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinants of FGM. Result : Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.46, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM as required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation. Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas located. in Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions . Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation Key words : Female Genital Mutilations, Spatial analysis
Mass Media Exposure and use of family planning in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016
Authors: Alganeh Habtamu , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikade
Published: August 2019

Background

Mass media is a significant force in the digital divide era in which communities and individuals are engaged constantly with messages from a crowd of information sources. As family planning is influenced by mass media, there is a need to study the impact of mass media exposure on family planning utilization.
Incidence Trend of Breast Cancer and its Risk Factors in Women of Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries between 1998 and 2018: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zahedi Razieh , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Afshar Reza Malekpour , Sarabi Roghayeh Ershad , Tavakoli Ftemeh , Zolala Farzaneh
Published: August 2019

Background This study was conducted to determine the current Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of breast cancer and its trend from 1998 to 2018, and relational factors of countries’ development as risk factors in breast cancer occurrence in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Methods Using systematic review and meta-analysis method, data on incidence of breast cancer was collected from various sources including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, WHO from 1998 to 2018. Pooled ASR was calculated using subgroup analysis according to period of study and quality of data, by applying random effect meta-analysis method. Results 499 data points (76 studies) were analyzed. Pooled ASR of breast cancer for EMR during 2011-2018 was 39.8 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.01, 43.9). ASR of Breast cancer had an upward trend in EMR from 2005 to 2018; however, the increasing pattern had been somewhat different in various regions based on data quality groups 1998-2018. Pooled ASR had a significant association with Human Development Index [-6.6 (95%CI, -8.9, -4.3)] and obesity [0.1 (95% CI, 0.07, 0.1)]. Conclusion Pooled ASR of breast cancer in EMR is lower than the global average. The ASR value and incremental trend in low-quality data group is higher than others in recent years. The possible reasons for the incremental trend are data quality or physiological ones such as increasing obesity.
Mobile X-ray outside the Hospital: a scoping review
Authors: Toppenberg Maria Dietz , Christiansen Thomas Erik Møller , Rasmussen Finn , Nielsen Camilla Palmhøj , Damsgaard Else Marie
Published: August 2019

Background For several years mobile X-ray equipment has been used in intensive care units, when transportation to the radiology department was inadvisable. Now, mobile X-ray examinations are also used outside hospital. The literature describes that fragile patients may benefit from mobile X-ray, but we need to know if it is an evident alternative to hospital-based examination and in what populations. Methods We searched PubMed, Cinahl and Embase for English-, Danish-, Norwegian - and Swedish-language studies, published within the last 10 years about mobile X-ray outside the hospital. We decided that both qualitative and quantitative studies were eligible. Result We included nine studies in this scoping review. The results were divided into four topics : 1. Target population 2. Population health 3 . Experience of care and 4. Cost effectiveness . The conclusions are unclear, as quality of the evidence is low, the study populations are small, and the descriptions of the technology are week. Conclusion Mobile X-ray may be used outside hospital. There seems to be potential benefits to both patients and health care staff. Based on the published studies it is not possible to conclude if mobile X-ray examination is a relevant diagnostic offer and for whom. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of use in fragile patients, also regarding staff, relatives and society.
The effect of seasonality and post-fire on habitat preferences of the endangered Swayne’s hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) in Maze National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamrat Misganaw , Atickem Anagaw , Tsegaye Diress , Evangelista Paul , Bekele Afework , Stenseth Nils Christian
Published: August 2019

Introduction The availability of preferred habitats determine the spatial and temporal distribution of herbivores in savanna ecosystems and is crucial for developing conservation strategies of targeted wildlife species. Habitat preference of large grazers in connection to grass height and post-fire effect has been debated for the last century. Here, we examined Swayne’s hartebeest’s (Alcelaphus buselaphus swaynei) seasonal habitat selection, grass height preferences and post-fire effect on their habitat preferences in Maze National Park. Data for seasonal habitat selection were collected using both visual observation along established transect routes and pellet counting using permanently established plots. Every month, we measured fresh bite grass height that was grazed by Swayne’s hartebeest in grassland habitat. Starting from the first week of burning, we recorded the abundance of Swayne’s hartebeest in both burned and unburned grassland areas. Results From detected pellets, 94.3% were recorded in the grassland habitat indicating that other habitat types are less used despite their extensive cover > 50% of the Park. During wet and early dry seasons, Swayne’s hartebeest exclusively preferred grassland habitat. We found that 85.2% (n=1079) and 85.3% (n=593) of individuals observed in areas with a grass height below 30 cm during wet and early dry seasons, respectively; while 70.9% (n=2,288) preferred grass height below 30 cm during the dry season. The density of Swayne’s hartebeest in burned grassland area was higher than unburned grassland areas upto 150 days since burning. However, in unburned grassland areas, the density was initially low but showed increasing trend for consecutive days, reaching similar abundance with burned areas after 150 days since burning. Conclusion Swayne’s hartebeests exclusively preferred grassland habitat, particularly during wet and early dry seasons, shortest available grass height in all seasons and were attracted to burned grassland areas. Our results suggested that fire played an important role in maintaining habitat quality in grassland, and that management should continue using controlled burning as a tool for the conservation of Swayne’s hartebeest. However, we remain cautious of our findings given the paucity of information regarding other confounding factors and the absence of long-term data on fire disturbance.
PENGARUH SIKAP MANDIRI, MOTIVASI, DAN PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP MINAT MAHASISWA BERWIRAUSAHA SECARA SYARIâ€™AH DI INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Authors: Yuliyanti Eka
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of independent attitudes, motivation, and knowledge of entrepreneurship on the interest of Sharia Entrepreneur Students at the Bogor Agricultural Institute. This type of research used quantitative research with research methods in the form of survey research, and research instruments using questionnaires. Using saturated samples (census) is a sampling technique if all members of the population are used as samples. The population is 40 respondents. The results of the F test show that simultaneously independent attitudes, motivation and entrepreneurial knowledge there are 2 variables namely independent attitudes and entrepreneurial knowledge have a positive effect but do not significantly influence students' interest in entrepreneurship in sharia, while motivation variables have a positive influence and significant influence on the results of the analysis that is the value of Fcount 14,351> from Ftable 2,870. Keywords: independent attitude, motivation, entrepreneurial knowledge, student interest.Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Pengaruh Sikap Mandiri, Motivasi, dan Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Berwirausaha Secara Syariah di Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian berupa penelitian survey, dan instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Menggunakan sampel jenuh (sensus) yaitu teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Adapun populasi tersebut berjumlah 40 responden.Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan sikap mandiri, motivasi dan pengetahuan kewirausahaan terdapat 2 variabel yaitu sikap mandiri dan pengetahuan kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat mahasiswa berwirausaha secara syariah, sedangkan variabel motivasi memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan pengaruh yang signifikandengan hasil analisis yaitu nilai Fhitung 14.351> dari Ftabel 2,870. Kata kunci : sikap mandiri, motivasi, pengetahuan kewirausahaan, minat mahasiswa.
METODOLOGI TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR’AN DALAM AL-QUR’AN DAN TERJEMAHNYA BAHASA BATAK ANGKOLA
Authors: Nst Hanapi
Published: September 2019

This paper is a study of the methodology of the translation of the Qur'an translation of Al-Quran dan terrjemahnya bahasa Batak Angkola. The problem to be answered is whether the translating team translates from Al-Qur'an (Arabic) or translates from the Indonesian language published by the Ministry of Religion. In addition, This research also answers how the methodology of translating the Qur'an and the translation of the Angkola Batak Language. The method used in this study is by exploring, reviewing the literatures and also interviewing the translation of the book. As a result, the methodology applied in the Qur'an and the translation of the Angkola Batak Language is the methodology of word-for-word translation, literal translation, semantic translation, and communicative translation.
REINTERPRETASI HADIS PERINTAH “MEMBUNUH MANUSIA SAMPAI MENGUCAP SYAHADAT” SEBAGAI UPAYA DERADIKALISASI AGAMA
Authors: Mundzir Muhammad
Published: September 2019

Starting from radicalism in Indonesia in the name of Islam, this paper tries to describe how the hadith is understood about "killing human until reciting syahadat". Textual understanding of hadith cannot reflect Islam as a peaceful religion and a bearer of mercy. So, there is a need for contextual understanding and reinterpretation of the meaning of the hadith. This effort is expected to be the first step to understanding Islam as a friendly and peaceful religion. The author uses a historical and language approach to study the hadith. The result, the prophet does not order directly to fight non-Muslims but uses peaceful meaning to reflect that Islam as rahmatan lil ‘alamin.
Principles of anti-VEGF dosing in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Ioshin I. E. , Anoprieva T.
Published: September 2019

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic progressive disease regarded as a leading cause of vision impairment in elderly people in industrial countries. Neovascular AMD is characterized by an increased risk of severe vision loss. Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medication has become a standard of treatment of neovascular AMD. Clinical trials demonstrate that the use of anti-VEGF helps stabilize the vision in at least 90 % of patients, while 30 to 40 % gain three or more lines of vision (15 ETDRS letters). However, observational studies suggest that there are barriers diminishing the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment in routine clinical practice. Finding an optimal dosing regimen for anti-VEGF therapy that could maintain treatment efficacy with a lower number of injections and fewer monitoring visits could be a solution. The review discusses the evidence base regarding anti-VEGF dosing principles and analyzes current dosing regimens with regard to their benefits and limitations.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O ACESSO AO CONHECIMENTO ACADÊMICO-CIENTÍFICO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO EM MUNICÍPIOS DOS VALES DO MUCURI E JEQUITINHONHA
Authors: Vieira Alexandre sylvio , Conceição Adriana aparecida , Amorim Alcilene lopes
Published: August 2019

Este estudo situa-se na linha temática gestão e desenvolvimento econômico, tendo como eixo norteador a análise da existência ou ausência de transformações econômicas e sociais advindas da atuação dos egressos do ensino superior. Objetiva-se, através desta pesquisa de campo, o entendimento das transformações pelas quais passam os pequenos municípios que têm parte de sua população com recente acesso ao conhecimento acadêmico-científico através do ingresso no ensino superior, bem como a possibilidade de análise do impacto do desenvolvimento econômico no fortalecimento dos municípios dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, especificamente Salto da Divisa e Ladainha. Entendendo a educação como um processo de des-reterritorialização por excelência, conclui-se que, apesar da inegável distância entre o investimento desejado para acesso e permanência no ensino superior, a despeito de todas as dificuldades, nos pequenos municípios o desenvolvimento econômico está atrelado a des-reterritorialização vivida pela população que passou pela universidade trazendo novas possibilidades de crescimento econômico e social.
A EDUCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NAS PRISÕES: PRIVAÇÃO OU PROMOÇÃO DE LIBERDADE?
Authors: Andrade Ingrid Silva de , Pinheiro Bárbara Carine Soares
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho busca analisar em que a educação ajuda no processo de ressocialização de pessoas em situação de privação de liberdade, a partir da lente teórica da Pedagogia Histórico Crítica. No primeiro momento, foi feita uma revisão de literatura sobre ressocialização e o racismo no sistema prisional. Ressaltamos também a importância da educação formal como fator de promoção de liberdade.  Em seguida, foram selecionadas e entrevistadas pessoas que estão diretamente ligadas a esse sistema. A partir da fala dos entrevistados, foi feita uma análise, e relacionada com a teoria, para se obter os resultados esperado dos objetivos.
A MALEABILIDADE DO PLANTÃO PSICOLÓGICO NOS CONTEXTOS DE ATUAÇÃO: UMA MEDIDA PREVENTIVA À PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Marques
Published: August 2019

A pós-modernidade trouxe inúmeras inovações e transformações sociais, tecnológicas, financeiras e também psicológicas para a vida em sociedade. Decorrente de um ritmo acelerado e que preza pela produção e autossuficiência, a vida em uma sociedade contemporânea abarca algumas consequências para aqueles que tentam sobreviver a tantas imposições, regras, deveres e prazos. O objetivo desse artigo é o de refletir sobre a prática da Psicologia inserida na contemporaneidade, bem como refletir sobre os produtos advindos da vida em sociedade pós-moderna, buscando entender as consequências subjetivas pelo mal-estar contemporâneo causado nos indivíduos, por meio da revisão bibliográfica que abarcava o tema. A partir dessa reflexão, é proposta a ressignificação da psicologia como prática clínica tradicional, indicando a importância de a mesma permear pelos cenários sociais políticos e públicos, adequando a sua atenção teórica e metodológica a todos os locais que dela necessitarem, ressaltando a importância de considerar as produções dos transtornos emocionais como consequências do funcionamento de tal sociedade. Considerando o novo funcionamento social no qual os indivíduos estão inseridos, busca-se o uso de uma modalidade de atendimento maleável e abrangente, propondo o uso do Plantão Psicológico como modalidade preventiva de atendimento psicológico, para atender as mais diversas demandas, como atitude facilitadora, ao oferecer uma abertura para o novo, o dinâmico e o contemporâneo, criando um espaço de escuta e acolhimento para o momento em que o sujeito se sente em sofrimento, pois tal atuação permite sua adequação aos mais diversos contextos e estruturas para ofertar o atendimento psicológico.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS CONTEÚDOS DE FILOSOFIA E HISTÓRIA DA CIÊNCIA NOS CURSOS DE FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS: UMA MAPEAMENTO DAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Colombo Angélica Antonechen , Franco Valdeni Soliani , Filho Ourides Santin
Published: August 2019

Por meio de reflexões a respeito da natureza do conhecimento científico e do desenvolvimento da ciência e de suas discussões presente nos conteúdos dos componentes de filosofia e de história da ciência dos cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores de Ciências, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre a presença de conteúdos de filosofia e de história da ciência nos cursos de licenciatura e de pós-graduação em Ciências e em Ensino de Ciências das 11 universidades públicas do estado do Paraná, resultando em discussões a respeito da importância dada a esses conteúdos na formação inicial e continuada dos professores de Ciências para uma formação crítica. A metodologia de pesquisa que foi empregada é a abordagem qualitativa, de natureza básica, no paradigma interpretativo e utilizando os procedimentos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Los México-americanos en San Antonio, Texas: Análisis de su inserción en autoempleo formal
Authors: Manzanares Rivera José Luis
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo analiza la inserción de la población de origen mexicano en el mercado laboral en San Antonio, Texas; en particular, responde a la interrogante sobre los determinantes del empleo en empresas propias formalmente registradas. La metodología analiza microdatos de la encuesta americana de comunidades (ACS, por sus siglas en inglés) mediante la herramienta estadística de estimación logística. Los principales resultados indican que atributos como el dominio del idioma inglés o el origen de la persona podrían contribuir al entendimiento de la inserción en el mercado laboral de la población de origen mexicano que vive en Estados Unidos y no necesariamente cons tituyen barreras para la inserción en el mercado laboral bajo la categoría de autoempleo en ciudades de migración tradicional como San Antonio, Texas.
Causas e impactos de la deportación de migrantes centroamericanos de Estados Unidos a México
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro , Andrade Rubio Karla Lorena
Published: August 2019

Durante la última década el número de migrantes expulsados con una orden de deportación de Estados Unidos a México casi se ha duplicado. No todos los migrantes deportados a México tienen nacionalidad mexicana, algunos son ciudadanos de países centroamericanos. Este artículo, fundamentado en una metodología cualitativa que incluye entrevistas en profundidad a 75 migrantes centroamericanos que fueron deportados de los Estados Unidos, analiza las causas y el efecto de la deportación de inmigrantes centroamericanos de Estados Unidos a México y concluye que estas deportaciones pueden conducir a un incremento de la violencia en México.
Gênero, migração e vulnerabilidade: corpos de mulheres em deslocamento
Authors: ROSA Rita de Cassia Quadros da , HILLESHEIM Betina , WEBER Douglas Luís , HOLDERBAUN Leticia Silva
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo pretende discutir a situação das mulheres no contexto de migração e refúgio, tendo em vista as vulnerabilidades específicas relacionadas a gênero. Para tanto, realizamos uma análise sobre o tema, a partir de documentos produzidos pela International Organization for Migrations – IOM, pelo Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os Refugiados - ACNUR e pela Federação Internacional de Direitos Humanos - FIDH. As discussões tiveram como pressupostos teóricos os Estudos Feministas e de gênero na perspectiva pós-estruturalista. A partir das reflexões foi possível compreender que as mulheres inseridas em fluxos migratórios estão suscetíveis a necessidades específicas dada a sobreposição das categorias “mulher” e “migrante”, as quais produzem um quadro de dupla exclusão que costuma condicionar sua vivência desde o Estado de origem. Trata-se de uma característica que diferencia a migração feminina, pois ficam para traz seus pertences, seus bens e suas famílias, mas os fatores de vulnerabilidade acompanham o deslocamento de seus corpos.
O Associativismo dos Trabalhadores em Educação e suas lutas em torno da Educação de Jovens e adultos
Authors: MELLO Marco
Published: August 2019

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, realizada junto ao PPG/EDU/UFRGS, que situa o Associativismo e o Sindicalismo Docente como sujeitos fundamentais na afirmação de uma identidade e pertença coletiva dos trabalhadores em educação e, ao mesmo tempo, campo de estudos para a análise das políticas educacionais. No texto é destacado o papel da ATEMPA (Associação dos Trabalhadores em Educação do Município de Porto Alegre) em relação às políticas educacionais e curriculares da Educação de Jovens e Adultos junto à Secretaria Municipal de Educação no período 2005-2018. Conclui-se afirmando o papel estratégico da Associação dos Trabalhadores, na manutenção da oferta da modalidade. Ao mesmo tempo são identificadas novas ameaças de desmonte da EJA e o agravamento do cenário sob uma hegemonia conservadora multiescalar, sob um projeto de precarização e mercantilização da educação pública e de ataque à autonomia docente; o que coloca em risco os marcos legais e os avanços políticos-pedagógicos e programáticos construídos ao longo das duas últimas décadas em relação à modalidade.
Sugar Palm Fruits (Arenga pinnata) as Potential Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Authors: Sovia Evi , Anggraeny Dian
Published: August 2019

Background: Sugar palm fruit (Arenga pinnata) is used for osteoarthritis empirically. It also has antioxidant activity and showed inhibition to lipoxygenase activity. The study about analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of sugar palm fruit is still limited, this study was initiated to explore analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of sugar palm fruit ethanol extract (SFEE).Materials and Methods: Acetic acid induced writhing was performed for screening analgesic activity, meanwhile antiinflammatory activity was tested against rat paw edema. Acute toxicity and phytochemical screening were also investigated.Results: The results of phytochemical screening revealed that flavonoids, alkaloids and quinones were present in SFEE. SFEE 50 and 100 mg/kg have analgesic effect and show the anti-oedematogenic effect against paw edema induced by carrageenan. SFEE could significantly decrease the neutrophils numbers as compared to the carrageenan-treated group. Neutrophil activation has been shown to contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.Conclusion: SFEE have analgetic and anti-inflammatory activity.Keywords: Arenga pinnata, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, acute toxicity
Adiponectin and Its Role in Inflammatory Process of Obesity
Authors: Febriza Ami , Ridwan Ridwan , As'ad Suryani , Kasim Vivien Novarina , Idrus Hasta Handayani
Published: September 2019

Obesity is a chronic, low degree systemic inflammatory status. Microarray examination shows a disturbance in the expression of cytokine, chemokine, complementary protein and half of the other acute phase components in obese patients. Adiponectin is the hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, while its level decreases under condition of fatty tissue enlargement that occurs in obesity. Excessive weight causes the adipocyte cells and adipose tissues produce various types of mediators. The inflammatory process is the main cause of metabolic diseases, and the main role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory process is determined by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin has an important anti-inflammatory effect on obesity. Adiponectin works on macrophage and monocyte to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Adiponectin reduces induction of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 endothelial adhesion by TNF-α or resistin. In obese patients, it is characterized by resistance to adiponectin alongside a decrease and the possibility of adiponectin loss in the receptor population in liver and muscles, leading to low adiponectin level.Keywords: adiponectin, obesity, inflammation
Antioxidant Effects of Red Fruit Oil on MMP-1 Gene Expression and Malondialdehyde Levels on Skin Exposed to UVB Rays
Authors: Sugianto Monita , Achadiyani Achadiyani , Nugraha Gaga Irawan
Published: August 2019

Background: Chronic exposure ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Furthermore, ROS will induce the formation of malondialdehyde and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression. One strategy against the free radicals effects is by consuming antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidants effect of red fruit oil (RFO) on MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The P0 group was not given treatment, the P1 group was only exposed to UVB light, the P2 group was exposed to UVB light and given 0.5 mL/200 g body weight (BW) of RFO, the P3 group was exposed to UVB light and given 1 mL/200 g BW of RFO, and group P4 exposed to UVB rays and given 2 mL/200 g BW of RFO. Experimental animals would be examined for MMP-1 expression and malondialdehyde level. RFO would be identified with β-carotene and tocopherol content.Results: Beta-carotene and tocopherol were detected in RFO. RFO reduced significantly MMP-1 expression (p<0.05) in P2 group (0.73±1.27), P3 group (0.63±0.95), P4 group (9.56±20.97) compared group P1 (48.07±65.58). However, RFO did not reduce malondialdehyde levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our research demonstrates RFO containing tocopherol and β-carotene can reduce the MMP-1 expression, but does not affect malondialdehyde levels due to exposure to UVB rays. An effective dose that can reduce malondialdehyde levels and MMP-1 expression is 1 mL/200 g BW.Keywords: red fruit oil, antioxidant, skin, MMP-1 expression, malondialdehyde, UVB rays, photoaging
Passive and Active Drug Targeting: Role of Nanocarriers in Rational Design of Anticancer Formulations
Authors: Das Ram P. , Gandhi Vishwa V. , Singh Beena G. , Kunwar Amit
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cancer is the major public health problem in developing countries. The treatment of
cancer requires a multimodal approach and chemotherapy is one of them. Chemotherapeutic drug is administered
to cancer patients in the form of a formulation which is prepared by mixing an active ingredient (drug) with the
excipient. The role of excipient in a formulation is to regulate the release, bio-distribution, and selectivity of drug
within the body.

Methods:

In this context, selectivity of an anticancer formulation is achieved through two mechanisms like passive
and active targeting. The passive targeting of a formulation is generally through enhanced permeation retention
(EPR) effect which is dictated by physical properties of the carrier such as shape and size. On the contrary,
active targeting means surface functionalization of excipient with target-specific ligands and/or receptors to increase
its selectivity.

Results:

Over the past several decades, remarkable progress has been made in the development and application of
an engineered excipient or carrier to treat cancer more effectively. Especially nanoparticulate systems composed
of metal/liposomes/polymeric material/proteins have received significant attention in the rational design of anticancer
drug formulations; for example, therapeutic agents have been integrated with nanoparticles of optimal
sizes, shapes and surface properties to improve their solubility, circulation half-life, and bio-distribution. In this
review article, recent literature is included to discuss the role of physicochemical properties of excipients in
achieving tumour targeting through passive and active approaches.

Conclusion:

The selection of an excipient/carrier and targeting ligand plays a very important role in rational
design and development of anticancer drug formulations.
Long Non-Coding RNAs As Epigenetic Regulators in Cancer
Authors: Vafadar Asma , Shabaninejad Zahra , Movahedpour Ahmad , Mohammadi Soheila , Fathullahzadeh Sima , Mirzaei Hamid R. , Namdar Afshin , Savardashtaki Amir , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: August 2019

:

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute large portions of the mammalian transcriptome which appeared as a fundamental player, regulating various cellular mechanisms. LncRNAs do not encode proteins, have mRNA-like transcripts and frequently processed similar to the mRNAs. Many investigations have determined that lncRNAs interact with DNA, RNA molecules or proteins and play a significant regulatory function in several biological processes, such as genomic imprinting, epigenetic regulation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and differentiation. LncRNAs can modulate gene expression on three levels: chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. The majority of the identified lncRNAs seem to be transcribed by the RNA polymerase II. Recent evidence has illustrated that dysregulation of lncRNAs can lead to many human diseases, in particular, cancer. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in malignancies contributes to the dysregulation of proliferation and differentiation process. Consequently, lncRNAs can be useful to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and have been characterized as potential cancer markers as well. In this review, we highlighted the role and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs and their correlation with some of the cancers.
Humoral Immunity Against HDL Particle: A New Perspective in Cardiovascular Diseases?
Authors: Satta Nathalie , Frias Miguel A. , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Pagano Sabrina
Published: August 2019

Background:

Autoimmune diseases are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Over the last decades, the comprehension of atherosclerosis, the principal initiator of CVD, evolved from a lipidcentered disease to a predominant inflammatory and immune response-driven disease displaying features of autoimmunity against a broad range of auto-antigens, including lipoproteins. Among them, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are important actors of cholesterol transport and bear several anti-atherogenic properties, raising a growing interest as therapeutic targets to decrease atherosclerosis and CVD burden, with nevertheless rather disappointing results so far. Reflecting HDL composition complexity, autoimmune responses and autoantibodies against various HDL components have been reported.

Results:

In this review, we addressed the important complexity of humoral autoimmunity towards HDL and particularly how this autoimmune response could help improving our understanding of HDL biological implication in atherosclerosis and CVD. We also discussed several issues related to specific HDL autoantibody subclasses characteristics, including etiology, prognosis and pathological mechanisms according to Rose criteria.

Conclusion:

Finally, we addressed the possible clinical value of using these antibodies not only as potential biomarkers of atherogenesis and CVD, but also as a factor potentially mitigating the benefit of HDL-raising therapies.
A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease
Authors: Veloso Caroline D. , Belew Getachew D. , Ferreira Luciana L. , Grilo Luís F. , Jones John G. , Portincasa Piero , Sardão Vilma A. , Oliveira Paulo J.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and the number of CVDs victims is predicted to rise through 2030. While several external parameters (genetic, behavioral, environmental and physiological) contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; intrinsic metabolic and functional determinants such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia are considered to be dominant factors.

Methods:

Pubmed searches were performed using different keywords related with mitochondria and cardiovascular disease and risk. In vitro, animal and human results were extracted from the hits obtained.

Results:

High cardiac energy demand is sustained by mitochondrial ATP production, and abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with several lifestyle- and aging-related pathologies in the developed world such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney diseases, that in turn can lead to cardiac injury. In order to delay cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular risk, regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, pharmacological interventions can prevent the risk of CVDs. Therapeutic agents that can target mitochondria, decreasing ROS production and improve its function have been intensively researched. One example is the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10, which already showed beneficial effects in hypertensive rat models. Carvedilol or antidiabetic drugs also showed protective effects by preventing cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs, also show-casing several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated with CVDs.
Performance Analysis of PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System with Different LVRT Enhancement Methods
Authors: Srivastava Puneet K. , Tiwari Amar N. , Singh Sri N.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Wind energy generation has emerged as the fastest growing renewable energy technology
in recent years. Among different wind turbine configurations, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
(PMSG) based wind turbines are becoming popular due to several advantageous features associated
with this.

Introduction:

In the events of grid fault, active power delivery to the grid is required to be stopped or reduced
as per the grid code specification and due to this mismatch between power generation and power delivery
results in a rise in DC link voltage and high stress on converter switches. Modern grid codes suggest
Wind Power Plants (WPPs) to remain in operation and such requirements are termed as Fault Ride-Through
(FRT) or Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT).

Method:

Several LVRT enhance method have been proposed in the literature in the past having distinct pros
and cons. Some of them employ external means and some suggest modification of existing control in order
to meet LVRT requirement specified by the grid code. Methods based on external devices may be simple and
effective but in some cases, they are not cost effective. Literature suggests the use of a modified controller
based method for meeting LVRT requirement economically.

Results:

This paper presents a review of different LVRT enhancement methods for PMSG based Wind Energy
Conversion Systems (WECSs). In order to compare the performance outcomes of LVRT enhancement
methods, several simulations are performed for an example WECS based on 2MW PMSG on
MATLAB/Simulink platform.

Conclusion:

Based on the analysis of simulation results, Modified controller based methods and FACT
devices are found cost-effective solutions for LVRT enhancement.
Withdrawn: Optimization of MPPT Controller Based on the Parameter Estimation for a Stand-alone Photovoltaic System
Authors: Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , Errachdi Ayachi , Ben Salah Chokri , Azeem Mohammad Fazle , Khlifi Mohamed Arbi
Published: August 2019

The article for the journal Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering has been withdrawn on the request
of the authors due to some fees issues related to his university.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any in convenience this may cause.

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A Large Size Image Classification Method Based on Semi-supervised Learning
Authors: Luo Dan , Wang Xili
Published: August 2019

Background:

Semi-supervised learning in the machine learning community has received
widespread attention. Semi-supervised learning can use a small number of tagged samples and a
large number of untagged samples for efficient learning.

Methods:

In 2014, Kim proposed a new semi-supervised learning method: the minimax label propagation
(MMLP) method. This method reduces time complexity to O (n), with a smaller computation
cost and stronger classification ability than traditional methods. However, classification results
are not accurate in large-scale image classifications. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semisupervised
image classification method, which is an MMLP-based algorithm. The main idea is
threefold: (1) Improving connectivity of image pixels by pixel sampling to reduce the image size,
at the same time, reduce the diversity of image characteristics; (2) Using a recall feature to improve
the MMLP algorithm; (3) through classification mapping, gaining the classification of the original
data from the classification of the data reduction.

Results:

In the end, our algorithm also gains a minimax path from untagged samples to tagged
samples. The experimental results proved that this algorithm is applicable to semi-supervised learning
on small-size and that it can also gain better classification results for large-size image at the
same time.

Conclusion:

In our paper, considering the connectivity of the neighboring matrix and the diversity
of the characteristics, we used meanshift clustering algorithm, next we will use fuzzy energy clustering
on our algorithm. We will study the function of these paths.
Blue, Green and Red Upconverted Emission of Controlled Hydrothermal Pressure Synthesized Y2O3: Er3+ (1%) Tm3+ (1%) and Different Yb3+ Ratio Conditions Nanophosphors
Authors: Rivera Manrique Solange Ivette , Romo Felipe de Jesús Carrillo , Murillo Antonieta García , Rodríguez García Carlos Eduardo , Oliva Uc Jorge Roberto
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

Rare earth-doped Upconverting Nanoparticles (UCN's) can convert
near-infrared photons into visible photons via multiphoton processes, which makes it a
good material for generating white light. The production of luminescent materials for technology
applications focuses on controlling powder characteristics such as chemical homogeneity
and low impurity levels.

Objective:

In this research study, we synthesized Er3+ (1%) Tm3+ (1%) Yb3+ (at different
percentages) by co-doping Y2O3 NPs, using the Controlled-Pressure Hydrothermal Method
(CPHM), with nitrogen. The ratio used was chosen to conduct a detailed photolumniscence
analysis.

Methods:

Samples of Y2O3: Er3+ (1%) Tm3+ (1%) Yb3+ (at 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) were prepared
using the controlled-pressure hydrothermal method (CPHM). Each solution was
transferred into a mini-clave drive Büchiglasuster with an inner Teflon vessel. In this case,
the mini-clave was heated at 190°C for 3 h, and nitrogen was used to control the pressure.
The initial pressure was 20 bars; it was increased during the process to 42 bars. The powders
obtained were washed with distilled water using centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 15
min. The washed product was dried to 120°C, followed by subsequent heat treatment at
1000°C for 5 h.

Results:

The representative XRD patterns for the Y2O3: Er3+ (1%) Tm3+ (1%) and Yb3+ (at
1.5%, 2%, 2.5%) doped samples confirms the presence of a cubic Y2O3 crystal structure.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show that the morphology of these particles
is spherical. Upconversion photoluminescence spectra of Y2O3:Er3+ (1% mol) Tm3+ (1%
mol) Yb3+ (1.5% mol), Yb3+ (2.0% mol), and Yb3+ (2.5% mol), after 908-nm excitation.
Blue, green, and red bands are centred at 440 nm, 469 nm, 618 nm, and 678 nm, respectively.

Conclusion:

The controlled-pressure hydrothermal method is a productive method for synthesizing
rare earth-doped and codoped Y2O3; when Er3+, Yb3+, and Tm3+ ions are introduced
into the host matrix, they do not cause any changes in the cubic structure nor influence
the crystal structure. This method can used to synthesize any type of nanoparticle, because
it involves low pressure (10-20 bars), low temperatures, and short time reactions.
Apresentação
Authors: Tauchen Gionara , Bonfim Natanael Reis
Published: August 2019

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