bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Evaluation of Instant Noodles Prepared from Blends of Wheat, Local Rice, and Water Yam Composite Flours
Authors: M. Ogbonnaya, , G. I. Onwuka, , C. F. Ezeama,
Published: January 2025

The study was done to evaluate the cooking and sensory quality of instant noodles produced from blends of local rice, water yam, and wheat composite flours. Mixture D-Optimal Design for three variables was used. The study took place at the Department of Food Technology, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba between January 2021 and December 2023.
The statistical software package was used to generate the experimental design matrix, analyze the experimental data and develop the regression model, and the total number of experiments N was= 10. The minimum and maximum values for component proportions for the flour blends are given as: 20<=X1<=100, 0<=X2<=50, 0<=X3<=30. X1 = content of hard wheat flour (%), X2 = content of rice flour (%), and X3 = content of water yam flour (%).
The cooking time of the instant noodles (5.25 - 7.05 min), cooked weight (3.08 - 3.99 g), and cooking loss (0.11 - 0.6 g/g) varied significantly (p<.05). The major factor that affected the cooking quality was the increase in the rice flour component of the mixture components. The protein content (3.07 - 7.42%) decreased significantly with an increase in the water yam component of the blends. The mixture response surfaces of the sensory analysis depicted a progressive decrease in preference for appearance, flavor, mouthfeel, taste, and overall acceptability with increase in the rice and water yam components of the mixture. However, noodles made from 100:0:0 (wheat flour) was not statistically (p>.05) different from noodles made from 75:25 (wheat: rice) composite flour in all the sensory attributes except for the taste preference. The coefficients of the components implied that the local rice flour was a better substitute for wheat than water yam. Noodles made from 75:25 (wheat: rice) composite flour can be used to produce instant noodles that can compete with noodles in the market made from 100% wheat flour.
Noodles made from 75:25 (wheat: rice) composite flour can be used to produce instant noodles that can compete with noodles in the market made from 100% wheat flour.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Chemical and Storage Properties of ‘Daddawa’ Powder from Parkia biglobosa Seeds
Authors: Jacob Gabriel Anayo , Haruna Usman Sa’id , Eduzor Esther , Adesanya Dorothy Oluwatosin
Published: January 2025

The study investigated effect of different drying methods on the chemical and storage properties of ‘daddawa’ powder produced from African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seeds. The study provided valuable insights into the drying methods that will help in optimizing the process of drying fermented ‘daddawa’ vis-à-vis nutritional and other quality properties of the product. The seeds were processed using slight modification of the traditional method. Fermented seeds were divided into four portions, three parts were dried using cabinet, oven and sun giving samples CB1, OC2 and SD3 respectively. Dried samples were comminuted using attrition mill and packaged. The fermented undried seeds (UA0 - control) was milled into paste and refrigerated before analysis. The samples were subjected to chemical analysis using standard procedures. Results of proximate composition revealed that moisture content of CB1 (13.04b±0.00), OC2 (12.64bc±0.47) and SD3 (12.03c±0.00) were within range of flour (10-14%). Protein content showed that SD3 (25.17a±0.09) was significantly (P<0.05) different to the rest samples. The result of vitamin content of ‘daddawa’ powder shows that SD3 (8.88a±0.00) was highest in vitamin B1 followed by UA0 (8.67a±0.15) with no significant (P<0.05) difference. The results show an array of mineral content including calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese and sodium. pH value was highest in OC2 (6.9) and SD3 (6.9) and least in CB1 (6.2). The study revealed that cabinet dried samples could be more stable owing to its lowered pH value and color thus proving its advantage over the others. Also, both water activity and microbial counts of bacteria and fungi increased with storage time. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out to determine the invitro and invivo digestibility of the protein for both the dried and undried (control) samples. Also, to ameliorate losses of nutrients during drying, lower temperature should be adopted.
Transaction Costs in Agriculture Inputs Procurement: Evidence from Farmer Producer Companies in Kolar District of Karnataka
Authors: Basavaraj Gali , B M Keerthi
Published: January 2025

The present study was undertaken in Kolar district of Karnataka state during 2021-22 to evaluate the economic benefits of members over non-members of Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in the purchase of agriculture inputs. A sample of 30 members each from six villages of Masti Venkatesh Iyengar Horticultural Farmer's Producer Company Limited-Malur (MVHFPCL) and Holur Horticulture Farmer's Producer Company Limited (HGFPCL) jurisdiction and 40 non-members from FPC jurisdiction were selected for the study. The findings of the study have shown that the prices of all agriculture inputs supplied by FPCs were less by two to three per cent compared to retailers in the market. The cumulative savings due to transaction costs (distance & time) for the purchase of agriculture inputs by members of HHFPCL and MVHPCL over non-members was ₹ 752.06 and ₹ 428.00 respectively. The incremental benefits realized through the purchase of agriculture inputs from FPCs by the members have helped reduce the production cost to the tune of ₹ 11,327. FPCs as an institutional model have helped farmers in reducing the transaction costs of the purchase of agriculture inputs.
Hepato-Nephroprotective Effects of Gongronema latifolium and Ocimum gratissimum in Diabetic Rats Exposed to Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Effiong Efreti F. , Usoh Itoro F. , Akpan Henry D. , Udoetuk Anietie O. , Aleke Monday O.
Published: January 2025

Diabetes is a persisting and deadly disease which occur due to pancreatic dysfunction resulting in decrease or lack of insulin production. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Gongronema latifolium (GL) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on liver and kidney functions of alloxan-induced diabetic rats exposed to 1.0 ml/kg/bw carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), intraperitonially. Forty-five (45) rats divided into 9 groups of 5 rats each were used. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were respectively normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC) and diabetic exposed to CCl4 (DCCl4) on the 14th day. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were diabetic treated with single GL (200 mg/kg), OG (200 ml/kg/bw) and combined GL and OG (100 ml/kg/bw) each, respectively. Groups 7, 8 and 9 were diabetic treated with single leaf GL (200 ml/kg) and exposed to 1.0ml/kg/bw of CCl4 on the 14th day, OG (200 mg/kg/bw) and exposed to 1.0ml/kg/bw of CCl4 on the 14th day and combined GL and OG (100 mg/kg/bw) each and exposed to 1.0ml/kg/bw of CCl4 on the 14th day, respectively. Treatment lasted for 14th days and 24 hours after, animals were sacrificed, blood and liver collected for analysis. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) elevations in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, and blood glucose levels, along with decreased albumin levels in the DC and DCCl4 groups compared to NC. Conversely, treatments with GL, OG, and GLOG extracts mitigated these adverse effects, restoring biochemical parameters to near-normal levels. Combined extracts exhibited superior antioxidant and hepato-nephroprotective activities compared to single extracts. Conclusively, the extracts, singly and in combination mitigated the damaging effect of alloxan-induced diabetic rats exposed to CCl4 by exhibiting antioxidant and hepato-nephroprotective effects, evidently shown in the analyzed parameters and histopathological results.
Clinical, Therapeutic, and Evolutionary Aspects of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Lyell's Syndrome in the Pediatric Department of the University Hospital Center of Libreville: Report of Two Clinical Cases
Authors: FC Loembe. , EL Mintsa. , A E Mekame. , T L Midili , R.S Minto’o , Nzame.Y
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to report two pediatric cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), highlighting the clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of these conditions.
Study Design: This is a case study conducted at the University Hospital Center of Libreville in Gabon, involving two children aged 3 and 5 years, diagnosed with SJS and TEN, respectively. The cases were observed and followed over several weeks, with the collection of clinical, biological, and evolutionary data for each patient.
Methodology:  Both children developed symptoms after taking medications, including antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Data were collected through clinical examinations, laboratory tests, and radiographs. Management included intensive care, antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, local care, and electrolyte supplementation.
Results: Both cases showed progressive improvement of symptoms, including a reduction in skin lesions and normalization of electrolytes. However, sequelae such as keratoconjunctivitis and liver dysfunction persisted, although the patients were discharged with favorable outcomes after intensive follow-up.
Conclusion: These cases underscore the importance of early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of SJS and TEN. Despite the challenges in resource-limited settings, appropriate management can significantly improve outcomes. Early intervention and rigorous follow-up are crucial to minimize complications and promote healing.
Assessing the Influence of Water Supply Schemes on Agriculture: A Case Study of Unnichchai Irrigation Scheme in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumaiya A.M.F. , Rajendran M.
Published: January 2025

The allocation of water from irrigation reservoirs to urban drinking supplies directly reduces the quantity available for agricultural use. Understanding this impact is crucial for evaluating changes in agricultural performance and crop yields. This study aimed to assess the effects on agricultural performance of Unnichchai irrigation scheme by assessing water availability and comparing key performance indicators before and after the implementation of the drinking water initiative. Results indicate that average output per crop area, output per unit command area, output per unit irrigation supply, and output per unit water consumed increased after the introduction of the drinking water scheme. During Maha season, these values improved from Rs.107,340/ha, Rs.92,674/ha, Rs.80.05/m3 and Rs.11.60/m3 before implementation, to Rs.239,081/ha, Rs.248,930/ha, Rs.117.17/m3 and Rs.25.84/m3, respectively after implementation. Similarly, for Yala season, values increased from Rs.108,457/ha, Rs.66,195/ha, Rs.7.04/m3 and Rs.7.57/m3,to Rs.358,558/ha, Rs.330,580/ha, Rs.29.45/m3 and Rs.25.02/m3, respectively. Water performance indicators also showed variation. Average relative water supply for the Maha season increased from 0.54 (2000–2011) to 1.36 (2012–2019), while for the Yala season, it improved slightly from 0.72 to 0.74. However, the relative irrigation supply decreased for the Maha season from 0.31 to 0.25 during the same periods, whereas it increased in Yala from 0.72 to 0.78. Average cropping intensity improved from 1.83 to 1.91 between the two periods. The average irrigation ratio during the Maha season was 0.78 for the period 2000–2011, but it increased to 1.0 for the period 2012–2019. For Yala season it increased from 0.47 (2000–2011) to 0.92 (2012–2019). Despite concerns, the study concludes that the overall performance of the Unnichchai irrigation scheme improved even after the implementation of the drinking water supply project, suggesting effective management of competing water demands. However, the system’s performance remains lower compared to other major irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka, necessitating targeted interventions to achieve further improvements.
Enhancing Maize Productivity through Mulching Practices in Semi-Arid Regions, Gujarat (India): Impact on Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Economic Viability
Authors: Bhargav Anurag , Subbaiah R.
Published: January 2025

Plastic film mulching (PF) was extensively used to improve maize yields, but its continuous application with ridge-furrow practices led to a significant depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water storage (SWS). A study conducted during the 2018–19 rabi season on sandy loam soils evaluated the impact of different mulching techniques—Reflective Silver Plastic Mulch (RSPM), Rice Straw Mulch (RSM), Biodegradable Mulch (BM), and control without mulching (CK)—under irrigation regimes defined by IW/CPE ratios of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. The highest grain yields were achieved with an IW/CPE ratio of 1.0, with Reflective Silver Plastic Mulch significantly outperforming other treatments in grain yield (7086.57 kg/ha) and water use efficiency (WUE), followed by Biodegradable Mulch and Rice Straw Mulch. Reflective Silver Plastic Mulch also enhanced all major yield attributes, particularly when combined with the highest irrigation level, while the lowest values were observed under minimal irrigation and no mulch. The study concluded that irrigation at an IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 combined with Reflective Silver Plastic Mulch optimized maize yield, water use efficiency, and economic returns under drip irrigation.
Value Delivery Practices in the Thoughts of Miyazawa Kenji and Jiddu Krishnamurti: A Systematic Review from an Educational Perspective
Authors: Ray Merry , Sharma Anjali
Published: January 2025

The value delivery process engages with the collaboration process of trust, thinking, skills, communicating, relationships, and understanding self. As educated individuals, we are in this engagement process and question the current school education and understanding of childhood in children. The globally connected world where we live together in a material world where Happiness, compassion, and empathy are not reflected in the education system and the potential of a child is determined by grades and scores in exams, which is neglecting the part that drives our actions, the search for meaning and purpose of life. The lack of human values with the wave of technology and changing nature around us is alarming. Even in the age of modernization, we need to progress in being human. The basis of human life is childhood and the education that they gain. Unfortunately, the education presented these days lacks moral values. The paper attempts to systematically discuss value-based educational models and practices in India and Japan based on the philosophy of Miyazawa Kenji and Jiddu Krishnamurti. The systematic literature review is done using Google Scholar and Mendeley Reference Management. This study provides the framework of modeling and practices for a value education for policymakers, organizations, researchers, and individuals in the present and future. Therefore, the study of such type is evident from the theoretical clusters and current status of education. The findings of the study discuss the Development of the meaning of Educational Values, the Development of theories from different fields, discuss the development of value education, and the value perspectives of Miyazawa Kenji and Jiddu Krishnamurti. Krishnamuti’s insights on education reflect the right kind of education, which reflects questioning, attention, freedom, fearlessness, without competition, no comparison, and child-centered education, where both teacher and student are learners.
Miyazawa Kenji's insights on education reflect resilience, risk-taking, understanding the actual talent, finding passion, love for the subject, finding ways in difficult situations, fearlessness, and helping the child grow while the teacher is the nurturer. Both philosophers focus on the affective domain and cognition; learning without values mechanically assists humans to think like machines when they are much beyond that. Therefore, understanding these value delivery practices is essential. Value delivery practices in these schools will help us understand the teaching-learning experiences and the collaboration of these affective, cognitive, and psychomotor skills. There is much learning in schools, but childhood innocence is missing.
Dooras: The Land of ‘Four Ts’ of India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Padhi Sonali , Sahu Deepak Kumar , Ghosh Anwesha , Sethi Kumar Ch.
Published: January 2025

The Dooras is in the foothills of the Himalayas and initiated the tea gardens (TG) plantation during the 1880s. As a low-cost, non-alcoholic, stimulating beverage, tea is popular in household daily consumption with a vast market potential for its therapeutic and ethnobotany properties. The Mangalbari village in Matiali block in Jalpaiguri district within Dooras areas of North Bengal is popular for its tea, timber, tourism, and tribals. They have a unique socio-economic outline and livelihood pattern. Emphasis is given to women workers which constitute a very high share.
The methodology combines primary and secondary data from the field, past literature, government reports, and old topological sheets from the Survey of India. The entire data set is compiled, presented through tables and graphs, and picturised through GIS/RS data for map generation, of the Dooras area, like land use and land cover (LULC) maps, including Jalpaiguri, Matiali, and Mangalpur. Causes are deliberated, and ameliorating measures are discussed.
The key findings are that Matiali Fan is geologically active. Climate change-induced tea garden closures have impacts i.e. poverty, increased Human-animal conflict, increased illicit felling of wood offence reports, and drowning of backward class socioeconomic status. The suggestive management plans include constant government assistance, Education about WASH, women empowerment strategies (SDG-5), public-private partnerships, and NGO interventions that can address existing problems.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Plantations Across Climatic Gradients in Togo
Authors: AGBOKA Kossi-Messan Jacques , SORO Dodiomon , AGBOKA Komi
Published: January 2025

The current study seeks to estimate the carbon sequestration capability of a cashew plantation in Togo as a function of climate gradient. The research was conducted in the Guinean and Sudanian climatic zones, on farmers' cashew plantations. The study was run from March to October 2023. This study was carried out in ten (10) cashew farms (five per climatic zone) which have ten years old. Cashew trees were classed based on their diameter at breast height (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm, and > 15 cm). To measure carbon stock in the biomass, allometric equations were utilized, and soil carbon stock was assessed using laboratory analysis. The Guinean zone has a higher soil carbon stock (86.89 ± 4.06 t C/ha) compared to the Sudanian zone (80.23 ± 3.78 t). The same trend can be observed in the various cashew tree components (trunk, branches and leaves). In general, the tree trunk had 79% of the carbon supply, compared to 19% and 2% in the branches and leaves, respectively. Carbon sequestration in the soil varies depending on the climatic zone and the soil depth (0-25 cm; 25-50 cm). Cashew-based cropping systems might be deemed carbon-efficient.
Development of Simplified Relationship between Rainfall Erosion Indices and Precipitation Indices for Soil Conservation in Hisar, Haryana, India
Authors: Antil Sundeep Kumar , Naresh Ram , Kumar Mukesh , Singh Kuldeep , Duhan Darshana
Published: January 2025

Soil erosion is the functional ability of rainfall to detach the soil particles and simultaneously the susceptibility of soil to resist against raindrop. In this study, an effort was made to develop a relationship between erosion indices and precipitation indices for the study area. The rainfall data of 16 years for the selected durations of 15-60 minute storms was analyzed to evaluate the erosion potential. A highly significant linear correlation was observed between erosion index (EI) and precipitation index (PI) values computed for the durations of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The obtained correlation coefficient (r) was varied from 0.97 to 0.99. The precipitation index (PI30) for 30 minutes duration also showed significant linear correlation with precipitation index PI15, PI45 and PI60 minutes duration. The equations so developed could be used for the computation of erosion index (EI) values for Hisar region by substituting the corresponding values of precipitation index (PI) as independent variable and without going through the tedious process of computation of kinetic energy. The results could provide a quick idea on erosion potential for planning the general purpose soil and water conservation measures in the study area.
Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Human Health Risks: A Case Study from the Tongon Gold Mining Area, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Traore Mahamadou , Kouassi Dehoule N'Guessan Fulgence , Yapi Assy Eudes , Kouassi N’guessan Louis Berenger
Published: January 2025

Human exposure to arsenic (As) is a worldwide concern due to its toxicity, persistence and non-biodegradability. This exposure can cause cancer and neurological disorders. This study focused on assessing human health risks from arsenic in groundwater near Tongon industrial mining area. The approach consisted firstly to determine total As concentrations in groundwater. Next, groundwater quality was ascertained through water quality index. Finally, the health risks due to As were assessed using carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks indices. The sampling was carried out in five wells from May 2023 to July 2023. The results showed that total concentrations of As in the majority wells (14.46 - 32.04 µg/L) are above its WHO guideline value (10 µg/L). Water quality index values showed good water quality for the wells P2 and P5. While, waters from wells P1, P3 and P4 are poor quality. The non-carcinogenic indices indicated that children are the most exposed to adverse effects through the consumption of wells water around Tongon mining area. The total carcinogenic risk revealated that children and adults can develop cancer. Therefore, it is important to treat wells waters before using for domestic purposes.
Impact of Oral Health on the Quality of Life of the Elderly
Authors: Assunção Élida Lúcia Ferreira , Santos Bruna Aparecida Neves , Ferreira Paôla Silva , Soares Kaio Henrique , Junior Maximino Alencar Bezerra
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the oral health conditions of elderly patients at a dental student clinic in Brazil.
Methodology: This descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using 2023 medical records from a student dental clinic in Brazil, focusing exclusively on an elderly population. The sample size was determined using convenience sampling. A total of 50 records were analyzed. Collected data were compiled and organized using Excel software.
Results: Analysis of the 50 records revealed that 62% of participants had chronic conditions, such as hypertension. Anxiety was also significantly prevalent, affecting 46% of participants. Regarding procedural needs, 56% of patients required restorations, and 52% needed dental prosthetics. Furthermore, it was observed that 54% of the patients did not complete their dental treatments.
Discussion: The findings provide insights into the demographic characteristics, systemic health profiles, medication use, and oral health behaviors of this population. By identifying prevalent conditions, treatment needs, and barriers to completing care, the research highlights the critical role of tailored interventions in promoting oral and overall health among seniors.
Conclusion: The assessment of the oral health conditions of elderly patients highlighted the need for greater attention to this population. These findings underscore the importance of raising awareness among the elderly about the benefits of regular dental visits and completing proposed treatments, aiming to improve their quality of life and well-being.
Effect of Novel Plant Growth Regulators and Fruit Bagging on Yield and Shelf Life of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Gupta Gourav , P.K.S Gurjar , I.S Naruka , P.K. Ausari , B.L Nagar , R.K Yadav , Chandravanshi Ramprakash
Published: January 2025

The present investigation was carried out to identify the effect of novel Plant Growth Regulators and fruit bagging techniques on the yield and shelf life of guava cv Gwalior-27. Yield and shelf life parameters such as yield tree-1, yield hectare-1, yield hectare-1, physiological loss in weight, and rotting were analyzed. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have emerged as pleiotropic phytohormone owing to their wide function in crop growth and metabolism. Homo brassinolide (HBR) being an analogue of BRs is known to improve the growth, yield and quality parameters in many crop plants. Salicylic acid is accepted as safe and natural chemical compound for pre and post-harvest application on fruits to delay ripening, softening and reduction in lipid peroxidation and chilling injury in fruits. The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design with 20 treatment combinations. It was observed that treatment combination P3B3 (Brassinosteroid (1.5 ppm) + White polyethylene bag) produced the maximum yield, while the maximum shelf life of guava fruits was attained in treatment combination P5B3 (Salicylic acid 600ppm + White polyethylene bag).
Brand Strategy and the Effective Marketing Position of the Blind Box Industry: A Case Study of Pop Mart
Authors: Chiu Jason Lim , Lin Man-Hsu , Chua Evelyn L. , Choi Jae-Hyeok
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study examines POP MART's rapid growth in China's blind box sector. By integrating the insights and strategies from a systematic review, the industry can successfully interact with customers, create loyalty, and produce unforgettable experiences.
Study Design: A qualitative approach is used in this research, using secondary data, content analysis, social media, and other news-related articles relating to the success of the blind box industry
Methodology: This research investigates and describes the design elements, brand and  marketing strategies, and consumer psychology of successful blind box firms. This study systematically examines POP MART's unique circumstances using the blind box business model.
Conclusion: This research will aid other companies that want to enter or grow their blind box market or adopt a similar business approach. This study applied the POP MART and blind box brand case studies, specifically the theoretical and applied marketing implications.
Optimized ANN-Based Methodology for Fault Detection and Localization in Power Transmission Networks
Authors: Tunde Adejumo Wahid , Eronu Emmanuel M. , Folajinmi Babawale B.
Published: January 2025

Transmission lines are integral to transporting electrical power from generation sites to consumers. Transmission lines are subject to various faults that disrupt service and threaten system integrity. Fault analysis (identification, classification, and localization) is essential to minimize downtime and operational costs. Improved fault control raises grid dependability, decreases outages, and optimizes operations, promoting renewable integration and cost savings. It enhances safety, power quality, and resilience while facilitating innovative grid modernization and scalability for future demands. Such developments strengthen consumer trust and lead to more sustainable, efficient, and resilient power systems. This research employs Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to enhance fault detection on high-voltage transmission lines. Simulations were conducted on a 132 kV, 50 Hz, 100 km transmission line model using MATLAB/Simulink, generating data from various fault scenarios. The ANNs, trained with these datasets, effectively and accurately analyzed the faults. The most effective neural network architecture was identified, assuring dependable operation in various fault scenarios and showcasing a strong strategy to enhance power transmission efficiency. Configuration 2 achieved the best fault identification accuracy of 97.99%, demonstrating the system's low error rate in accurately detecting the flaw. Fault classification with Configuration 1 attained a 95.65% accuracy rate. This indicates that the system can effectively categorize various fault types. The fault location was at an accuracy of 94.51% using Configuration 1.
Modeling Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Bida Natural Stones as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Abbas Bala Alhaji , Mahmud Mohammed Bello , Ndaiji Amali Umar , Abubakar Jibrin , James Olayemi
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of statistical models for the mechanical properties of concrete made using Bida natural stones (pebbles) as coarse aggregate. Fresh and hardened concrete properties were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The research employed central composite design using three (3) independent variables with equivalent ranges as Water to Cement ratio (W/C) = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, Coarse Aggregate to Total Aggregate ratio (CA/TA) = 0.55, 0.615, 0.68 and Total Aggregate to Cement ratio (TA/C) = 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0. Minitab 14 (2004) selected 20 possible mix proportions for the experiment. The concrete specimens that were used for this research work include 150mm x 150mm x 150mm concrete cube, Ø150mm x 300mm concrete cylinder and 100mm x 100mm x 500mm concrete prism for compressive strength, elastic modulus/splitting tensile strength and flexural strength respectively.  For each mix, five numbers of specimens were cast and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The twenty-eight days measured responses were used to develop models for the mechanical properties. Statistical and experimental model validations were employed. The p-value for all individual terms were less than 0.05, p-values for lack of fit were also greater than 0.05 in all cases tested, coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2) were in the range of 89.7% to 100% for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and slump respectively which indicated adequate model validity. The predicted responses closely agree with experimental values, this further confirms the validity of the models developed. The study therefore suggested interaction, pure quadratic, reduced full quadratic, interaction models for the mechanical properties and slump respectively for the concrete made using Bida natural stones as coarse aggregate. The concrete with mix constituent mentioned above can be used for structural application such as reinforced concrete slabs, beams, columns and foundations.
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Properties of Extracts of Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae), a Plant used in Traditional Medicine for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitosis
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Hippolyte , TRAORE Aristide , BELEMLILGA Mohamed Bonewendé , BOLY Abdoul Gilchrist Laurent , COULIBALY Jonas Tiami , YARO Boubacar , KABORE Boukare , TRAORE Tata Kadiatou , KOALA Moumouni , NITIEMA Mathieu , BELEMNABA Lazare , OUEDRAOGO Noufou
Published: January 2025

Aims: to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of aqueous decoctation (AD), aqueous maceration (AM) and hydroethanol maceration (HEM) of the plant.
Methodology: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to identify extracts compounds. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the extracts was carried out by using the methods of ABTS, FRAP and LPO. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using the 1% carrageenan anti-edema test. The analgesic test was performed with 0.6% acetic acid.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponosides, reducing compounds, coumarins and derivatives, anthocyanosides, steroids, triterpenes and flavonoids respectively.  The aqueous decoctation showed a lipid peroxidation inhibition rate of 48.30 ± 3.43%, lower than hydroethanol maceration (58.08 ± 4.65%) and aqueous maceration (60.07 ± 4.52%). In the ABTS free radical scavenging test, hydroethanol maceration had an IC50 (35.92±5.04 μg/mL) lower than aqueous decoctation (44.75±1.04 μg/mL) and aqueous maceration (46.81±0.30 μg/mL) respectively. For the ferric ion reduction assay (FRAP), aqueous decoctation had the best reducing power of 1092.30± 18.50 Eqaa(µM/mL) respectively, compared with hydroethanolic maceration 957.99± 15.49 Eqaa(µM/mL) and aqueous maceration 716.13± 48.93 Eqaa(µM/mL). The carrageenan anti-inflammatory test, at a dose of 600 mg/Kg.b.w., gave an edema inhibition rate of 70.57% for the aqueous maceration, 73.07% for the aqueous decoctation and 75.56% for the hydroethanol maceration. Finally, the analgesic test at a dose of 600 mg/Kg.b.w. showed a contortion inhibition rate of 53.41% for the aqueous maceration, 60.80% for the aqueous decoctation and 69.32% for the hydroethanol maceration.  
Conclusion: These results suggest that Gomphrena serrata is a plant with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that could alleviate the effects of inflammation during parasitic infections.
Temporal Clustering of Critical Illness Events on Medical Wards
Authors: Doshi Samik , Shin Saeha , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Fowler Robert A. , Fralick Michael , Kwan Janice L. , Shojania Kaveh G. , Tang Terence , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol A.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Recognizing and preventing patient deterioration is important for hospital safety.

Objective

To investigate whether critical illness events (in-hospital death or intensive care unit [ICU] transfer) are associated with greater risk of subsequent critical illness events for other patients on the same medical ward.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective cohort study in 5 hospitals in Toronto, Canada, including 118 529 hospitalizations. Patients were admitted to general internal medicine wards between April 1, 2010, and October 31, 2017. Data were analyzed between January 1, 2020, and April 10, 2023.

Exposures

Critical illness events (in-hospital death or ICU transfer).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the composite of in-hospital death or ICU transfer. The association between critical illness events on the same ward across 6-hour intervals was studied using discrete-time survival analysis, adjusting for patient and situational factors. The association between critical illness events on different comparable wards in the same hospital was measured as a negative control.

Results

The cohort included 118 529 hospitalizations (median age, 72 years [IQR, 56-83 years]; 50.7% male). Death or ICU transfer occurred in 8785 hospitalizations (7.4%). Patients were more likely to experience the primary outcome after exposure to 1 prior event (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30-1.48) and more than 1 prior event (AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.68) in the prior 6-hour interval compared with no exposure. The exposure was associated with increased odds of subsequent ICU transfer (1 event: AOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.54-1.81; >1 event: AOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.79-2.36) but not death alone (1 event: AOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.97-1.19; >1 event: AOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71-1.09). There was no significant association between critical illness events on different wards within the same hospital.

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this cohort study suggest that patients are more likely to be transferred to the ICU in the hours after another patient’s critical illness event on the same ward. This phenomenon could have several explanations, including increased recognition of critical illness and preemptive ICU transfers, resource diversion to the first event, or fluctuations in ward or ICU capacity. Patient safety may be improved by better understanding the clustering of ICU transfers on medical wards.
Prescribed Opioid Dosages, Payer Type, and Self-Reported Outcomes After Surgical Procedures in Michigan, 2018-2020
Authors: Breuler Christopher J. , Shabet Christina , Delaney Lia D. , Brown Craig S. , Lai Yen-Ling , Brummett Chad M. , Bicket Mark C. , Englesbe Michael J. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Howard Ryan A.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Collaborative quality improvement (CQI) models, often supported by private payers, create hospital networks to improve health care delivery. Recently, these systems have focused on opioid stewardship; however, it is unclear whether reduction in postoperative opioid prescribing occurs uniformly across health insurance payer types.

Objective

To evaluate the association between insurance payer type, postoperative opioid prescription size, and patient-reported outcomes in a large statewide CQI model.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from 70 hospitals within the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative clinical registry for adult patients (age ≥18 years) undergoing general, colorectal, vascular, or gynecologic surgical procedures between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020.

Exposure

Insurance type, classified as private, Medicare, or Medicaid.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was postoperative opioid prescription size in milligrams of oral morphine equivalents (OME). Secondary outcomes were patient-reported opioid consumption, refill rate, satisfaction, pain, quality of life, and regret about undergoing surgery.

Results

A total of 40 149 patients (22 921 [57.1%] female; mean [SD] age, 53 [17] years) underwent surgery during the study period. Within this cohort, 23 097 patients (57.5%) had private insurance, 10 667 (26.6%) had Medicare, and 6385 (15.9%) had Medicaid. Unadjusted opioid prescription size decreased for all 3 groups during the study period from 115 to 61 OME for private insurance patients, from 96 to 53 OME for Medicare patients, and from 132 to 65 OME for Medicaid patients. A total of 22 665 patients received a postoperative opioid prescription and had follow-up data for opioid consumption and refill. The rate of opioid consumption was highest among Medicaid patients throughout the study period (16.82 OME [95% CI, 12.57-21.07 OME] greater than among patients with private insurance) but increased the least over time. The odds of refill significantly decreased over time for patients with Medicaid compared with patients with private insurance (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98). Adjusted refill rates for private insurance remained between 3.0% and 3.1% over the study period; adjusted refill rates among Medicare and Medicaid patients decreased from 4.7% to 3.1% and 6.5% to 3.4%, respectively, by the end of the study period.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study of surgical patients in Michigan from 2018 to 2020, postoperative opioid prescription size decreased across all payer types, and differences between groups narrowed over time. Although funded by private payers, the CQI model appeared to have benefitted patients with Medicare and Medicaid as well.
Prevalence and Trends in Diagnosed Learning Disability Among US Children and Adolescents From 1997 to 2021
Authors: Li Yanmei , Li Qian , Zheng Juan , Zeng Xia , Shen Tianran , Chen Qingsong , Yang Wenhan
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study uses data from the National Health Interview Survey to examine the prevalence of and trends in diagnosed learning disability among US children and adolescents from 1997 to 2021.
Characteristics of topographical location and spatial composition on villages on Kikaijima Island, Nansei Islands: Reconstructing spatial composition of villages immediately before and after World War II
Authors: Kamata Seishi , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Urayama Takakazu , Shibuya Sizuaki , Saiki Takahito
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to reconstruct the spatial characteristics of the villages on Kikaijima Island immediately before and after World War II to examine the characteristics of these spatial characteristics within the context of the topographical situation of the villages. In this study, we clarified the commonalities and differences of the location and spatial composition of the villages by analyzing aerial photographs of all of the villages on Kikaijima Island by the US military immediately before and after World War II.
Robust virtual sensors design for linear and nonlinear systems under external disturbances
Authors: Zhirabok Alexey , Zuev Alexander , Filaretov Vladimir , Protcenko Alexander , Chung Il Kim
Published: July 2023

The problem of robust virtual sensors design in linear and nonlinear dynamic systems is studied. To design such sensors, two different canonical forms are used: identification and Jordan canonical forms. The problems generally are solved in three steps: at the first step, the linear model invariant with respect to the disturbance is designed; at the second step, a possibility to take into account the nonlinear term and to estimate the given variable is checked; finally, stability of the observer is obtained. The relations allowing to design virtual sensor of minimal dimension estimating the prescribed component of the state vector of the system are obtained. The problem of virtual sensor location is studied and solved. The theoretical results are illustrated by the example of three tank system.
Deep‐MSIM: Fast Image Reconstruction with Deep Learning in Multifocal Structured Illumination Microscopy
Authors: Liao Jianhui , Zhang Chenshuang , Xu Xiangcong , Zhou Liangliang , Yu Bin , Lin Danying , Li Jia , Qu Junle
Published: July 2023

Fast and precise reconstruction algorithm is desired for for multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) to obtain the super‐resolution image. This work proposes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn a direct mapping from raw MSIM images to super‐resolution image, which takes advantage of the computational advances of deep learning to accelerate the reconstruction. The method is validated on diverse biological structures and in vivo imaging of zebrafish at a depth of 100 µm. The results show that high‐quality, super‐resolution images can be reconstructed in one‐third of the runtime consumed by conventional MSIM method, without compromising spatial resolution. Last but not least, a fourfold reduction in the number of raw images required for reconstruction is achieved by using the same network architecture, yet with different training data.
Pure Organic AIE Nanoscintillator for X‐ray Mediated Type I and Type II Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yu Yuewen , Xiang Lisha , Zhang Xuanwei , Zhang Le , Ni Zhiqiang , Zhu Zhong‐Hong , Liu Yubo , Lan Jie , Liu Wei , Xie Ganfeng , Feng Guangxue , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2023

X‐ray induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) circumvents the poor penetration depth of conventional PDT with minimal radio‐resistance generation. However, conventional X‐PDT typically requires inorganic scintillators as energy transducers to excite neighboring photosensitizers (PSs) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, a pure organic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) nanoscintillator (TBDCR NPs) that can massively generate both type I and type II ROS under direct X‐ray irradiation is reported for hypoxia‐tolerant X‐PDT. Heteroatoms are introduced to enhance X‐ray harvesting and ROS generation ability, and AIE‐active TBDCR exhibits aggregation‐enhanced ROS especially less oxygen‐dependent hydroxyl radical (HO•−, type I) generation ability. TBDCR NPs with a distinctive PEG crystalline shell to provide a rigid intraparticle microenvironment show further enhanced ROS generation. Intriguingly, TBDCR NPs show bright near‐infrared fluorescence and massive singlet oxygen and HO•− generation under direct X‐ray irradiation, which demonstrate excellent antitumor X‐PDT performance both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of knowledge, this is the first pure organic PS capable of generating both 1O2 and radicals (HO•−) in response to direct X‐ray irradiation, which shall provide new insights for designing organic scintillators with excellent X‐ray harvesting and predominant free radical generation for efficient X‐PDT.
Recent Progress on Natural Clay Minerals for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Liu , Yang Xin , Xia Feng , Gong Yifei , Li Faxue , Yu Jianyong , Gao Tingting , Li Yiju
Published: July 2023

Li−S batteries with high energy density have the potential to become a viable alternative to Li‐ion batteries. However, Li−S batteries still face several challenges, including the shuttle effect, low conversion kinetics, and Li dendrite growth. Natural clay minerals with porous structures, abundant Lewis‐acid sites, high mechanical modulus, and versatile structural regulation show great potential for improving the performance of Li−S batteries. However, so far, relevant reviews focusing on the applications of natural clay minerals in Li−S batteries are still missing. To fill the gap, this review first presents an overview of the crystal structures of several natural clay minerals, including 1D (halloysites, attapulgites, and sepiolite), 2D (montmorillonite and vermiculite), and 3D (diatomite) structures, providing a theoretical basis for the application of natural clay minerals in Li−S batteries. Subsequently, research advancements in the natural clay‐based energy materials in Li−S batteries have been comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the perspectives concerning the development of natural clay minerals and their applications in Li−S batteries are provided. We hope this review can provide timely and comprehensive information on the correlation between the structure and function of natural clay minerals in Li−S batteries and offer guidance for material selection and structure optimization of natural clay‐based energy materials.
Affinity to mnemonic features of social media: Antecedent and consequences
Authors: Mookherjee Satadruta , Mohanty Smaraki , Mukherjee Sourjo
Published: July 2023

This research explores consumer loneliness and its resulting preference for mnemonic features as the psychological antecedents of social media use and studies its consequence on consumer behavior. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a survey with a large sample (N = 1307) and analyzed the data using PLS structural equation modeling method. We show that individuals with higher (vs. lower) feelings of loneliness show a lower (vs. higher) affinity to mnemonic features of social media platforms, making them more likely to use Snapchat (vs. Facebook). This effect persists after controlling for demographic factors (such as age and gender) and other known motivations behind social media choice. These two groups of social media users also exhibit different types of consumer behavior resulting from their underlying affinity to mnemonic features. Snapchat users tend to be more variety‐seeking and prefer newer brands (vs. established brands) than Facebook users. Our research contributes to the literature on the adoption of social media platforms by studying an important individual difference variable and integrating the concept of mnemonic features of social media as a key driving factor in that choice. The findings can give managers essential insights into the usership of social media platforms and help them select the right platform for their social media campaigns.