bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing the Next Generation for STEM: Adolescent Profiles Encompassing Math and Science Motivation and Interpersonal Skills and Their Associations With Identity and Belonging
Authors: Mulvey Kelly Lynn , McGuire Luke , Mathews Channing , Hoffman Adam J. , Law Fidelia , Joy Angelina , Hartstone-Rose Adam , Winterbottom Mark , Balkwill Frances , Fields Grace , Butler Laurence , Burns Karen , Drews Marc , Rutland Adam
Published: May 2022

Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workers need both motivation and interpersonal skills in STEM disciplines. The aims of the study were to identify clusters of adolescents who vary in math and science motivation and interpersonal skills and to explore what factors are related to membership in a high math and science motivation and interpersonal skills cluster. Participants included 467 adolescents (312 female; Mage = 15.12 to SD = 1.71 year) recruited from out-of-school STEM programs in the US and UK. Findings from latent class analyses revealed four clusters, including a “High Math and Science Motivation and Interpersonal Skills” group, as well as groups that exhibited lower levels of either motivation or interpersonal skills. STEM program belonging, and STEM identity are related to membership in the high motivation and skills cluster. Findings provide insight into factors that may encourage motivation and interpersonal skills in adolescents, preparing them for STEM workforce entry.
Potential of the ELLECCT in teachers’ professional development: A commentary on Weadman, Serry and Snow (2022)
Authors: Nordberg Ann
Published: May 2022

There are important aspects to consider before adapting the Emergent Literacy and Language Early Childhood Checklist for Teachers (ELLECCT) for improving teachers’ shared book reading strategies in different teaching contexts. To exemplify possible challenges when adapting the ELLECCT, this commentary uses the early childhood education context in Sweden.
COVID-Related Perceptions of the Future and Purpose in Life Among Older Canadian Women
Authors: Newton Nicky J. , Huo Hua , Hytman Lauren , Ryan Cara
Published: May 2022

Global events that prime thoughts of proximity to death (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) can compress individuals’ perceptions of future time horizons, and previous studies have found that compressed time horizons can be beneficial for older adults’ well-being. However, findings from recent studies are mixed, and studies of well-being during the early months of COVID-19 show that older adults have fared comparatively well. The current study examines relationships between Future Time Perspective (FTP), COVID-19 impact, and purpose in life (PIL) among older Canadian women ( N = 190; ages 59+). We expected that total FTP would be positively associated with PIL but that FTP subscales would be associated with PIL in different ways; COVID-19 impact would not be associated with PIL, but COVID-19 impact would moderate the FTP-PIL relationship. We found partial support for these hypotheses, as well as prevalence of social connection themes in open-ended question responses regarding COVID-19 impact.
Stensen's Duct Stenosis Balloon Dilatation: Long‐term Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life Impacts
Authors: de Boutray Marie , Pons Mélanie , Graillon Nicolas , Chossegros Cyrille , Reyre Anthony , Chagnaud Christophe , Varoquaux Arthur
Published: May 2022

Objective

To conduct a long‐term retrospective evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of sialographic balloon dilatation in Stensen's duct stenosis (SDS).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Single‐institution academic tertiary referral center.

Methods

All SDS balloon dilatations (SSBDs) performed from 2011 to 2017 were monitored. Pain relief was evaluated by a numeric rating scale at 3‐year follow‐up at least. Long‐term glandular swelling frequency patterns, quality of life (QoL), and drug consumption were retrospectively assessed. Procedure‐related complications were recorded.

Results

Twenty‐one SSBD procedures were recorded (mean ± SD age, 55 ± 12 years), all performed under local anesthesia. SSBD led to complete dilatation in 7 patients (33%), residual stenosis in 8 (38%), and no dilatation (failure) in 6 (29%). Retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes was possible for 17 patients, 71% of whom presented with long‐term pain relief, at a mean relief of 3.2 points on the numeric rating scale (P < .001). Long after SSBD, patients presented with a mean decrease of 15.4 glandular swellings per month (P < .001). Medical consumption was reduced to 18% of patients taking some drugs because of SDS after SSBD vs 71% before. SSBD showed an impact on QoL in >80% of patients, with mean improvements of 26% and 25% in the percentage point reduction of physical and mental QoL, respectively (P < .001). No complications were noted except temporary discomfort due to the procedure.

Conclusion

Despite the advent of sialendoscopy‐guided techniques, SSBD should be considered for SDS treatment, as it is a safe procedure and provides sustained pain relief.
Perception or Reality: An Examination of Police Misconduct, Organizational Justice, and Promotion Opportunities in the NYPD
Authors: Carroll Deborah A. , Yu Helen H.
Published: May 2022

Scholars across multiple disciplines have identified numerous correlates to police misconduct. Missing, however, from this body of research is the impact of police misconduct on future promotion opportunities in a local police department. Using population data ( N = 33,358) released by New York city’s Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) from September 1985 to July 2020, this study employs logistic regression to examine civilian complaints that were found to be substantiated, in comparison to complaints that were found to be unsubstantiated or exonerated, and their effect on police officers moving up in rank beyond the incident. The intent is to examine the relationship between police misconduct and promotion. In addition, recognizing the inherent differences in the promotion process for detectives from all other officer ranks, we found that the odds of detectives being promoted to higher ranks are somewhat impacted by the outcomes of complaints, but not by the types of complaints received. However, our findings suggest that all other officers are impacted by the outcomes of civilian complaints, in addition to the types of complaints received, in terms of promotion. Furthermore, we found that the severity of police misconduct, captured by the CCRB-recommended disciplinary actions associated with substantiated complaints, matters for NYPD officer promotability for first-time offenders differently than for officers who repeatedly engage in misconduct.
Effectiveness of Surgical Mandibular Advancement in Improving Airway Dimensions in Nongrowing Skeletal Class II Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A CBCT Study
Authors: Waghchaure Saurabh S. , Bhad Wasundhara A. , Chavan Santosh J. , Mehta Niyati , Baheti Nikita
Published: May 2022

Background:

Skeletal nongrowing class II patients with retrognathic mandible are often at risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This skeletal discrepancy, when severe enough, is often addressed by surgical mandibular advancement which not only achieves aesthetics, structural balance, and functional efficiency but also improves the airway function.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical mandibular advancement on airway dimensions, in nongrowing skeletal class II patients with mandibular retrognathism associated with OSA.

Materials and Methods:

The sample consisted of 8 patients with skeletal class II due to retrognathic mandible associated with OSA. Screening was done with functional outcomes of sleep questionnaire (FOSQ) score and confirmed with polysomnography. Pretreatment and posttreatment airway dimensions/volume were assessed and calculated on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Three months post surgery, oxygen saturation was recorded.

Results:

A statistically significant improvement in mean oxygen saturation level was observed from 87.62 ± 7.70 to 97.75 ± 0.46 and mean increase in airway volume was from 48.60 ± 7.17 to 69.48 ± 26.22. The smallest cross section increased from 137 ± 74.37 to 253.75 ± 76.67. Anteroposterior dimensions increased significantly from 6.17 ± 1.78 to 9.33 ± 2.07 and transversed from 24.56 ± 6.41 to 30.14 ± 3.35. FOSQ score improved from 9.37 ± 2.61 to 15.25 ± 0.88.

Conclusion:

Surgical mandibular advancement is an effective treatment option in improving airway dimensions in nongrowing skeletal class II patients with mandibular retrognathism associated with OSA.
The impact of supply chain finance on firm capital structure adjustment: Evidence from China
Authors: Pan Ailing , Xu Lei , Li Bin , Ling Runze , Zheng Luyan
Published: May 2022

We establish a link between supply chain finance (SCF) and capital structure adjustment by core firms through a data set of listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. We find that SCF can significantly speed up capital structure adjustment, especially for the under-leveraged firms. Enhanced financial strengths and competitive advantages underlie this impact. Comprehensive examinations also suggest that SCF may speed up cash turnovers, lower financing costs, and improve firm values. In addition, the impact is more substantial on firms of smaller sizes, located in better-developed regions, those without bank–firm connections, and those with higher environmental dynamism. However, the impact seems similar on private firms and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), or across industries of various degrees of competition. Our findings bear such policy implications that SCF can accelerate capital structure adjustment and contribute to the quality economic growth in emerging markets.

JEL Classification: G31, G32, O33
A manta-ray-inspired bionic curing mold for autoclave process of composite manufacturing
Authors: Li Hao , Lin Yi , Wang Lingyun , Xu Qiang , Ke Yinglin
Published: May 2022

The temperature distribution of the mold is directly linked to the manufacturing quality of the composite component. In this paper, a bionic mold based on the analysis of a manta ray in swimming is developed to improve the thermal performance of the mold during the autoclave curing process. The bionic mold has fewer frames and better air permeability, and the mold weight is decreased by 42.95% while the stiffness is proved to satisfy the requirement. The model of the autoclave curing process which is verified by experiments is established to carry out the thermal analysis of the mold. Results show that the air velocity in the mold is increased with the bionic design, which can reduce not only the maximum temperature difference of the mold plate (−30.35%) but also the percentage of low-temperature areas. Besides, the heating rate and the heat preservation time of the mold are also improved.
Choices and Outcomes of the Oldest Old Admitted During the First Wave of COVID-19 in New York City
Authors: Coskun Emily , Kalil Ramsey , Yin Andrew , Wehmeyer Graham , Hoffman Katherine , Kopparam Rohini , Phongtankuel Veerawat , Goyal Parag , Kaner Robert , Siegler Eugenia
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Morbidity and mortality are higher in older adults with COVID-19, but their decisions about aggressive care, severity of disease, and outcomes during the first surge in New York City are not well characterized. We sought to determine if the oldest patients chose intubation and comfort care at different rates compared to younger geriatric patients. We also studied outcomes among patients admitted with severe disease and those who chose aggressive versus comfort care. Methods: This retrospective analysis used electronic health record data from patients 65 years and older at two medical centers in New York City admitted between 3/5/2020 and 5/15/2020. The primary outcome was comfort care orders, and secondary outcomes included death, palliative care consultation, goals of care discussion, code status, and ventilator weaning. Results: Of the 854 patients, 214 were in the oldest old (OO, age > = 85) group, 269 middle old (MO, age 75-84), and 371 young old (YO, age 65-74). Among those with serious disease, the OO were more likely to choose comfort care (45% vs. 21% MO and 6.8% YO), less likely to be intubated (17% vs. 37% MO and 44% YO), more likely to have a palliative care consult, more likely to be DNR/DNI on admission (60% vs. 17% MO and 9.3%% YO), and more likely to die during admission (65% vs. 42% MO and 21% YO) (all p-values < 0.001). Of all 216 intubated patients, 78% of the OO died, versus 66% of the MO and 36% of the YO (p = <0.001). Conclusions: Adults 85 and above admitted with COVID-19 were more likely to forego intubation and die with comfort-based care. Irrespective of intubation choice, patients 85 and older had a markedly poorer prognosis than other cohorts over 65.
The Impact of Correctional CCTV Cameras on Infractions and Investigations: A Synthetic Control Approach to Evaluating Surveillance System Upgrades in a Minnesota Prison
Authors: Lawrence Daniel S. , Peterson Bryce E. , Robin Lily , Shukla Rochisha
Published: May 2022

Internal surveillance systems have long been used by prisons to combat misbehavior. Yet, limited research has focused on cameras’ preventive potential, failing to examine their utility in investigations. Using comparative interrupted time-series analyses and synthetic control methods, this study evaluates the impact of upgrading a surveillance system in a prison’s housing unit on total infractions and infractions resulting in guilty dispositions. Upgrades were two-phased, allowing us to examine the differential effects of replacing outdated cameras versus installing new cameras. One comparison unit came from the same facility as the treatment unit, while the other was synthetically generated from units in other prisons. We found limited evidence that the interventions reduced infractions, though there was a stronger link between the interventions and an increase in guilty dispositions, particularly from the installation of new cameras to reduce blind spots. We discuss the implications of these findings for policy and research.
‘No South Asian Riders, Please’: The Politics of Visibilisation in Platformed Food Delivery Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Lisa Y.M.
Published: May 2022

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the need for online food delivery services (such as Deliveroo and Foodpanda), creating new job opportunities for South Asian youths. However, outbreaks of infected cases in districts populated by South Asians have spurred ‘racist’ remarks by customers, perhaps triggered by a flurry of negative mainstream news reports and social media outbursts targeted at South Asians. These behaviours reveal the added precariousness of ethnic minority employment. This paper examines the inter-sectional politics of race and class involved in platformed work, in the case of food delivery services. It discusses how the algorithmically controlled platformed economy may have an impact on racial minority workers. Employing the conceptual framing of ‘invisibility’, and notions around ‘platformed/ gig labour’, it argues that neo-liberalised infrastructural capitalism aggravates algorithmic surveillance of racial minority workers. It suggests the possible resilience of racial minority workers in the globally popular business model.
Experimentally validated simplified prediction model of unloaded spar-buoy wave energy converter motions’ responses in waves
Authors: Bayoumi Seif , Amin Islam , Oterkus Erkan , Incecik Atilla
Published: May 2022

The main objective of this study is to develop a fast and validated model to predict the motions’ responses of a spar-buoy wave energy converter based on oscillating water column principle. Experiments and former investigations highlighted the strong effect of the spar-buoy heave motion on the performance of the OWC whereas water oscillations slightly affect the spar-buoy motions. Therefore, a single degree of freedom model was adopted to simulate the structure’s surge, heave, and pitch responses separately. The prediction of the structure’s heave and pitch responses is a straightforward task and results were experimentally validated and compared to previous studies. Linear and quadratic damping coefficients were introduced for better agreement between measured and predicted pitch responses. In contrast, surge response prediction task was more complicated as it requires the consideration of the mooring system installation properties, while the mooring configuration was not experimentally investigated since the reduced-scale model was floating freely (un-moored). Therefore, the predicted surge response obtained from the proposed model was validated using the finite element method. Two different approaches were used to solve the equation of motion in surge direction considering multi-catenary mooring system. Static approach where constant mooring-lines stiffness was used and a quasi-static approach where reaction curves developed were used to estimate the instant resultant mooring line tension at different offsets. Load excursion and reaction curves of the full-scale device developed by the proposed model were finally validated.
A comparison of late-Holocene hydrologic variability in California: Regionality of multi-decadal to centennial-scale droughts
Authors: Lund Steve , Benson Larry , Platzman Ellen
Published: May 2022

This study compares the paleohydrologic variability in two California regions over the last 2000 years – Sierra Nevada region and southern California region. Both regions show significant and reproducible proxy evidence for multi-decadal wet/dry intervals that are synchronous between the two regions. The overall durations of individual cycles (wet-wet or dry-dry) average ~130 years, but the cycles are closer to 90–100 year duration for the last 500 years and more than 200 years in duration 1500–2000 years ago. This pattern of varying cyclicity is ongoing today and appears to be related to the intrinsic regional climate variability of the Pacific/California margin.
Participation and cancer detection after reminders versus ordinary invitations in BreastScreen Norway
Authors: Thy Jonas E , Vigeland Einar , Larsen Marthe , Hofvind Solveig
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To compare attendance, recall and cancer detection as well as histopathological tumor characteristics among women attending BreastScreen Norway after a reminder versus an ordinary invitation.

Setting

This study was conducted on data from a population-based screening program inviting women aged 50–69 to biennial two-view mammography.

Methods

We used de-identified data from 883,020 women invited to BreastScreen Norway, 2004–2020, to analyze invitations, participation, recalls, biopsies, cancer detection, and histopathological tumor characteristics. All results were stratified by reminders and ordinary invitations. Early screening outcomes after reminders versus ordinary invitations were compared using bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Reminders increased overall participation rate by 5.0%. The recall rate was 4.3% for reminded women and 3.3% for the ordinary invited. For reminded women, the rate of screen-detected cancer was 7.3 per 1000 screening examinations compared to 5.8 per 1000 for ordinary attenders. The interval cancer rates were 1.9 and 1.7 per 1000 for reminded and ordinary invited women, respectively. Median tumor diameter was 14 mm (interquartile range (IQR): 10–16) for screen-detected cancers (SDC) among reminded women and 13 mm (IQR: 10–16) for ordinary invited. A higher percentage of histological grade III cancers was observed among the reminded: 25.2% versus 21.7% for the ordinary invited. We also found a higher proportion of lymph node positive cases in those reminded: 23.6% versus 20.9%.

Conclusions

Postponing screening examinations affects early screening outcomes, including cancer detection and histopathological tumor characteristics. Women should be encouraged to attend screening at regularly intervals to avoid delays in diagnosis.
Digital Analysis of the Transformation of Institutions in the Knowledge and Innovation System of the Handmade Carpet Industry
Authors: Yadav Uma Shankar , Tripathi Ravindra , Tripathi Mano Ashish
Published: May 2022

The Indian handmade carpet industry has various economic, social and national dimensions. The rich diversity of Indian carpets is a symbol of different cultures and traditions in this country like India and Iran. To ensure the sustainability of the knowledge digital and innovation system of the handmade carpet industry, in addition to considering the dominant approaches of the innovation systems, attention should be paid to the transformative approach that pursues holistic transformation in the production and consumption systems. The present study aims to identify formal transformation institutions, classify them into main categories and analyse them based on the production step, approval date, institution type and geographical area of approval. Based on the results, there are 316 formal institutions in the handmade carpet industry. By open coding, 372 concepts were extracted from 509 concepts derived from different formal transformation institutions. Based on the axial coding, the formal institutions were divided into six initial categories of ‘carpet authority’, ‘carpet sales and maintenance inside India’, ‘handmade carpet exports and imports’, ‘carpet production infrastructure’, ‘handmade carpet production’ and ‘sanitary-therapeutic category’. At the next step, the matrix of the main categories based on different production steps was drawn. Among the main categories, the highest frequency is related to the category of ‘carpet production infrastructure’ and the subcategory of ‘financial supply of carpet’. Although there are a lot of formal institutions that support production, carpet weavers as the main people involved in production have received minimum support during their working years due to unawareness of supports and loan conditions.
Decreased Frequency of Small Talk Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Deteriorated Mental Health: Findings From Longitudinal Surveys of Middle-Aged and Older People in Japan
Authors: Murayama Hiroshi , Sugawara Ikuko
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reduced opportunities for small talk. As small talk involves socializing, such deprivation can be stressful. This study examined the association between the change in the frequency of small talk from before to during the pandemic and the mental health of middle-aged and older people. We obtained data from web-based longitudinal surveys for members of a Japanese social networking service. People who felt their small talk frequency decreased during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period had lower psychological well-being and greater loneliness than those who did not. Our study quantitatively revealed the importance of small talk during the pandemic in maintaining people’s mental health.
Changes in Electroencephalography Alpha Associated With Childhood Neglect and Adolescent Alcohol Use
Authors: Nooner Kate B. , Meiers Gloria , Treadwell Tamera , Butler Laine B.
Published: May 2022

The present pilot study is interested in the relationship between childhood neglect, brain function, and alcohol use in adolescence. The goal is to guide future prevention and intervention efforts related to alcohol use following childhood neglect. This pilot study comprised 53 adolescents (12-14 years at baseline) recruited from the Department of Social Services (DSS). Self- and DSS-reported neglect, electroencephalography (EEG) alpha power, and alcohol use behaviors were measured over 1 year. Higher DSS neglect severity in year 1 was related to lower self-efficacy to alcohol use temptation in year 2. Lower EEG alpha power in the parietal region in year 1 was linked to lower self-efficacy to the temptation of alcohol use in year 2. This pilot project has value for using tools, such as EEG, in child maltreatment and alcohol use studies, including with underrepresented adolescents, to better understand brain-related mechanisms in home-based research.
Impact of Smoking and Vaping in Films on Smoking and Vaping Uptake in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hassanein Zeinab M. , Barker Alexander B. , Murray Rachael L. , Britton John , Agrawal Sanjay , Leonardi-Bee Jo
Published: May 2022

Prevention of smoking uptake in young people is an essential public health target. We have previously reported a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of exposure to smoking imagery in films on the risk of smoking uptake in young people. This study updates that review, and includes studies of the effects of exposure to media vaping imagery on vaping uptake. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and IBSS) were searched to August 2020 for studies reporting the association between exposure to smoking/vaping in films and smoking/vaping uptake in adolescents. Two authors independently screened papers, extracted data, and assessed quality. This review included 26 studies. Exposure to high levels of smoking imagery in films was associated with an increased likelihood of having ever smoked in nine cross-sectional studies and of smoking uptake in 11 longitudinal studies. Vaping imagery in films was associated with increased likelihood of ever vaping in two cross-sectional studies and vaping uptake in five longitudinal studies. This review concluded that exposure to smoking imagery in films increases the risk of smoking among young people. It is likely that a similar association exists between exposure to vaping imagery and vaping uptake. Therefore, this review recommends introduction of new policies to minimize the impact of this in films which contain smoking or vaping and are likely to be viewed by children and adolescents.
Saving Local Restaurants: The Impact of Altruism, Self-Enhancement, and Affiliation on Restaurant Customers’ EWOM Behavior
Authors: Hanks Lydia , Line Nathan , Dogru Tarik , Lu Lu
Published: May 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many restaurants faced a shift from a dine-in based service model to a takeout-based model. As a result of the qualitative differences between dine-in and take-out experiences, there was a corresponding change in customers’ electronic word of mouth (EWOM) behavior. While pre-pandemic EWOM behavior relied on dine-in specific factors such as décor, lighting, and employee interactions, take-out dining relies less on these types of atmospheric elements to drive post-consumption evaluations. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to explore the drivers of take-out dining EWOM by examining the effects of altruism, self-enhancement, and restaurant affiliation. Using the psychological framework of Underdog Theory, the results showed that both self-enhancement and altruistic motives result in positive EWOM, but that this relationship was moderated in important ways based on whether the restaurant was independently owned or part of a chain.
ICT and music technology during COVID-19: Australian music educator perspectives
Authors: Merrick Bradley , Joseph Dawn
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced music teachers to modify their practice as delivery moved online in education settings around the globe. This article forms part of our wider study, Re-imaging the future: Music teaching and learning, and ICT in blended environments in Australia, that commenced in March 2021. In this article, the authors analyze and discuss Australian music teachers’ perceptions of confidence, preference, and usage of music technologies, combined with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) while teaching during COVID-19. Employing a quantitative methodology from data collected using an anonymous survey ( N = 105), they report on teachers’ attitudinal responses about ICT devices, confidence, and technology usage. The findings outline descriptive and correlational analyses between ICT use and teachers’ integration of various devices, software, and related music technologies. The data show that teachers adapted their practice during this time of uncertainty, reporting increased confidence, application, and ICT usage. Data revealed an increase in the use of multiple technologies, resources, and software, which became an essential component of online teaching. The article concludes with recommendations for a longitudinal study of ICT usage in music education across Australia, accompanied by suggestions for increased professional learning, initial teacher training, changes in practice, and contingencies to sustain online learning into the future.
“Epistemic justice” (a memoir)
Authors: Hartley John
Published: May 2022

This is a review essay, focussing on Emma A. Jane's (2022) memoir, Diagnosis Normal: Living with Abuse, Undiagnosed Autism, and coronavirus disease grade Crazy (2022).
Restrictive rules of speechmaking as a tool to maintain party unity: The case of oppressed political conflict in German parliament debates on the euro crisis
Authors: Bhattacharya Caroline
Published: May 2022

In parliaments with party-centred rules of speechmaking, like the German Bundestag, we observe an overrepresentation of loyal frontbenchers on the speakers’ list. Previous research shows that party-controlled access to the plenary floor limits opportunities to voice dissent, but we lack empirical investigation of the overall impact on the contestation in debates. This article presents a case study of Bundestag debates on the euro crisis, which estimates the discursive impact by comparing speeches with MPs’ written expressions, known as explanations of vote (EoVs), and introducing association rule mining in an innovative network analytical approach. The findings confirm that restrictive rules reduce the visibility of intra-party conflict and constrain the space for coherent narratives, backbench concerns and political alternatives at an aggregate level, raising questions about the democratic functions of parliamentary debates. In this case, MPs use EoVs as an alternative channel to promote transnational solidarity in a European crisis.
The pedagogical content knowledge of two novice Chinese early childhood EFL teachers
Authors: Shi Xiao-bo , Li Xiang-Yu , Yeung Susanna S.
Published: May 2022

Researchers in the field of teacher knowledge have been attempting to delineate pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in different subjects and different levels of education. To date, there is a need to develop a nuanced understanding on the PCK of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers who teach English as a foreign language (EFL). This study used a qualitative method, stimulated recall classroom observation, to investigate the categories and subcategories of PCK of Chinese EFL teachers from Chinese/English bilingual kindergartens in China. Two novice EFL teachers with less than 2 years of post-qualification teaching experience participated in this study. The data revealed three categories of PCK of ECE EFL teachers in the Chinese context: knowledge of curriculum, knowledge of learners, and knowledge of teaching strategies and multiple representations. Influenced by knowledge of curriculum, and knowledge of teaching strategies and multiple representations, the teachers had commonalities in classroom practice which were the product-oriented pedagogy and the textbook-led syllabus in the Chinese context. The study has several implications for research and practice for ECE EFL teacher education, especially for those practicing in the Chinese context.
The psychological implications and health risks of cystic fibrosis pre- and post- CFTR modulator therapy
Authors: Keyte Rebecca , Kauser Sophia , Mantzios Michail , Egan Helen
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) care is entering a period of personalised medicine with the emergence of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies. Anecdotally individuals are reporting life-changing effects of modulator therapies, proposing an important area of study.

Methods

Twenty adult participants (males: 8, age range: 22–51 years, average FEV1: 53.45%) were recruited via social media to participate in a semi-structured interview; 17 participants were currently taking Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (Kaftrio).

Results

An appreciation of a “normal life” post-modulator therapy is paramount, with improvements in symptoms and quality-of-life bringing a more urgent imperative for the provision of effective support to encourage positive health and lifestyle choices.

Discussion

In this new era of CF care, there remains many challenges present for the CF community, with participants suggesting that proactive psychological support is required along with proactive awareness regarding health risk behaviours for the current and future CF generations.
“Is it my job?” An exploratory qualitative analysis of medical specialists’ adaptation strategies when addressing the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Rinaldi Romina , Batselé Elise
Published: May 2022

Access to equal healthcare is a priority for people with intellectual disabilities. Most studies have focused on primary care providers; however, the administration of inclusive healthcare also relies on medical specialists, who should be considered a specific group because their practice varies significantly in this regard. Semi-directive interviews were conducted with 12 medical specialists to explore their representations regarding the care of people with intellectual disabilities. An inductive thematic analysis was applied to the data. The results highlighted a significant heterogeneity between practitioners’ representations of people with intellectual disabilities in healthcare, current practices, and their perceptions and expectations in the process of ensuring quality care. This study highlights the importance of considering medical specialists’ awareness raising and training to handle consultations with people with intellectual disabilities. From a broader perspective, a clear political framework to guide healthcare practices at the national level should be developed.
Driving resumption after critical illness:A survey and framework analysis of patient experience and process
Authors: Meyer Joel , Pattison Natalie , Apps Chloe , Gager Melanie , Waldmann Carl
Published: May 2022

Background: Adverse sequelae are common in survivors of critical illness. Physical, psychological and cognitive impairments can affect quality of life for years after the original insult. Driving is an advanced task reliant on complex physical and cognitive functioning. Driving represents a positive recovery milestone. Little is currently known about the driving habits of critical care survivors. The aim of this study was to explore the driving practices of individuals after critical illness.

Methods: A purpose-designed questionnaire was distributed to driving licence holders attending critical care recovery clinic. Results: A response rate of 90% was achieved. 43 respondents declared their intention to resume driving. Two respondents had surrendered their licence on medical grounds. 68% had resumed driving by 3 months, 77% by 6 months, and 84% by 1 year. The median interval (range) between critical care discharge and resumption of driving was 8 weeks (1–52 weeks). Psychological, physical and cognitive barriers were cited by respondents as barriers to driving resumption. Eight themes regarding driving resumption were identified from the framework analysis under three core domains and included: psychological/cognitive impact on ability to drive (Emotional readiness and anxiety; Confidence; Intrinsic motivation; Concentration), physical ability to drive (Weakness and fatigue; Physical recovery), and supportive care and information needs to resume driving (Information/advice; Timescales).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that resumption of driving following critical illness is substantially delayed. Qualitative analysis identified potentially modifiable barriers to driving resumption.
A dorsalis pedis venous flap containing a U-shaped venous arch for the reconstruction of fingertip defects
Authors: Ling Li , Li Xueyuan
Published: May 2022

In small-area soft tissue defects of the fingers, venous flaps have the advantages of easy design and harvesting, and also a thin and flexible texture. Although the artery–vein–vein (A–V–V) pattern is the safest pattern, the tiny veins in the finger pulp make anastomosis difficult. We have designed a modified blood flow pattern flap using the dorsum of the foot as the donor site and anastomosing the U-shaped blood vessels in the venous flap with the two digital arteries in an artery–vein–artery (A–V–A) pattern to reconstruct the digital arterial arch without the need for venous anastomosis. Our study included 22 patients with 23 fingertip defects. In the 23 fingers, 18 flaps survived completely and four had only partial marginal necrosis. The donor site healed well without significant scar hyperplasia.

Level of evidence: IV
Militarized interstate manhunts, “absent/presence” and the spectral logic of the U.S. war on terror: The Ballad of Pancho and Bin Laden
Authors: Ruback Timothy , Carlson Jon
Published: May 2022

The decade-long search for Osama bin Laden—in which a manhunt was conducted as part of a full-scale war—was a watershed moment for US foreign policy in the twenty-first Century. Bin Laden was not simply elusive, but ephemerally ghost-like. Similar Militarized Interstate Manhunts (MIMs) are also deeply ingrained in the security politics of the US at its Southwestern border. Specifically, the militarized cross-border pursuits of Pancho Villa in the 1910s and The Apache Kid in the 1890s, serve as analogs to the “War on Terror,” especially regarding the allegedly-novel chasing of “ghostly” targets. Building on Jacques Derrida, we explore the role of an “absent/presence” by analyzing the claims of the ghostliness of the target in the context of concurrent claims about the unprecedented nature of events. These cases highlight the importance of the “absent/presence” in making military manhunts thinkable, and explain how the pursuit of “spectral” bodies authorizes exceptional military acts that would otherwise be violations of state sovereignty.
A Review of Habitat and Distribution of Common Stingless Bees and Honeybees Species in African Savanna Ecosystems
Authors: Chakuya Jeremiah , Gandiwa Edson , Muboko Never , Muposhi Victor K.
Published: May 2022

Background and Research Aims

Globally, concerns over a decline in insect pollinator abundance have been raised. Although bees were noted to be key pollinating agents for approximately 52 of the leading 115 global food commodities, they are currently exposed to risks ranging from a variety of diseases and environmental threats emanating from changes in land use, farming practices and climate change. The study reviewed the habitat and distribution of common stingless bees and honeybees species in African savanna ecosystems. The review focused mainly on (i) profiling stingless bee and honeybee species, habitat and distribution within African savanna ecosystems and (ii) assessing factors affecting stingless bees and honeybees in habitat selection within the savanna ecosystem.

Methods

A meta-synthesis of existing literature with a qualitative orientation was used for the review process and 90 published documents were consulted between 1970 and 2021.

Results

The review findings indicated that there are 19 stingless bee species and 13 subspecies of Apis mellifera found in Africa. The A. mellifera scutellata and A. mellifera adansonii were reported to be widely distributed across the African savanna ecosystem.

Conclusion

The migration and swarming of bees play a pivotal role in the general stingless bees and honey bees distribution within the savanna ecosystem.

Implications for Conservation

The persistence of stingless bees and honeybees within savanna ecosystems depends on the adoption of the best conservation policies derived from economic and ecological services associated with bee conservation.
Increased Knee and Meniscal Injury Incidence in Professional Baseball Pitchers With Wider, Positive Stride Width
Authors: Manzi Joseph E. , Trauger Nicolas , Quan Theodore , Ciccotti Michael C. , Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Professional baseball pitchers sustain 75% of knee injuries while at the pitcher’s mound, yet no pitching motion has been associated directly with such injuries. Stride width is a potential, modifiable risk factor worth investigating.

Hypothesis:

Increased stride width in both the positive and negative directions (deviations from neutral stride width) would correlate with increased incidence of knee injury in pitchers.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Methods:

Professional pitchers (n = 199) were evaluated with motion capture (480 Hz) while pitching. Injury history over 10 years was recorded at face-to-face interviews with pitchers. Players were subsequently grouped into stride width tertiles, compared for previous injury incidence of the lower extremities. Regressions were performed to observe performance benefits of stride width with ball velocity, accuracy, or consistency in pitch location as secondary outcomes.

Results:

Of the 40 lower extremity injuries reported, meniscal injury (27.5%) was the most common, followed by foot stress fracture (20.0%). Significant differences in injury incidence were noted between the least and most positive stride width tertiles: lower extremity (10.4% vs 25.8%, respectively; P = 0.03), knee (3.0% vs 15.2%, respectively; P = 0.02), and meniscal (0.0% vs 12.1%; P = 0.00). Stride width of pitchers with meniscal injury in the lead (32.6 ± 7.1 cm, n = 5; P = 0.02) and stance leg (33.5 ± 10.6 cm, n = 5; P = 0.03) was significantly more positive than that of uninjured pitchers (21.1 ± 11.5 cm, n = 164). No significant relationships were established between stride width and ball velocity ( P = 0.54) or pitch location metrics ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Pitchers with increased positive, stride width had significantly higher incidence of lower extremity injury (knee and meniscus). Wider, positive stride width may increase the degree of external rotation on the lead knee in a loaded state, which can place the medial side of the knee (and meniscus) at higher risk of injury.

Clinical Relevance:

Decreasing stride width may be beneficial for professional pitchers to reduce the rate of lower extremity injury, while also preserving performance metric outcomes.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuroimaging volume in New York City
Authors: Widemon Reginald Scott , Huang Sophia , Capaccione Kathleen M , Mitchell Ryan P , Salvatore Mary M , Lignelli Angela , Nguyen Pamela
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic acutely disrupted all facets of healthcare, with future implications that are expected to resonate for many years. We investigated the effect of the pandemic on neuroimaging volume, hypothesizing that all representative studies would experience a reduction in volume, with those typically performed in the inpatient setting (noncontrast enhanced CT head and CTA head/neck) taking longer to recover to pre-pandemic volumes compared to studies typically performed in the outpatient setting (MR brain with and without and MR lumbar spine without).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively queried our institution’s radiology reporting system to collect weekly data for 1 year following the World Health Organization declaration of a pandemic (11 March 2020–9 March 2021) and compared them to imaging volumes from the previous year (11 March 2019–9 March 2020). We subsequently analyzed quarterly data (e.g., first quarter comparison: 3/11/2020–6/9/2020 was compared to 3/11/2019–6/9/2019).

Results

All studies experienced decreased volume during the first quarter of the year following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with noncontrast enhanced CT head failing to recover to pre-pandemic volumes. CTA head/neck actually surpassed pre-pandemic volume by the second quarter of the year. MRI brain w/wo and MRI lumbar spine without recovered to baseline volume by the second quarter.

Conclusion

Noncontrast enhanced CT head did not recover pre-pandemic imaging volume. CTA head/neck volume initially decreased, however volume increased above pre-pandemic levels during the second quarter; this finding may be attributable to a prothrombotic state in COVID-19 patients.
Q-uestioning the Diagnosis: An Educational Case Report
Authors: Thanamayooran Aran , Tennankore Karthik , Geldenhuys Laurette , Murphy Elana , More Keigan
Published: May 2022

Rationale:

Q fever is a zoonotic infection that may lead to acute or long-term renal injury. Given its rare incidence, Q fever is not often considered on the initial differential diagnosis for glomerular disease which can lead to delays in treatment. This case highlights the importance of avoiding early diagnostic closure and revisiting the differential diagnosis in the setting of an atypical clinical presentation or response to treatment.

Presenting Concerns:

A 52-year-old female was referred for assessment of possible glomerulonephritis. She described a 3-month history of bilateral lower extremity rash, intermittent knee pain with swelling, and a 2-year history of subjective fevers. Urinalysis showed persistent microscopic hematuria, and her creatinine was elevated at 94 umol/L (baseline 59 umol/L). Her initial investigations included an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor with a weakly positive anti nuclear antibody (ANA).

Diagnoses:

Kidney biopsy was consistent with an immune complex mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Light microscopy showed diffuse global mesangial hypercellularity. Immunofluorescence was positive for trace mesangial IgG and kappa, 1+ IgM, lambda and C1q, and 2+ C3. Electron microscopy showed mesangial electron dense deposits. These findings were felt to be most in keeping with mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis; however, it was acknowledged that clinical and laboratory findings supporting this diagnosis were lacking.

Interventions:

Following treatment with oral prednisone her symptoms resolved, and renal function improved. However, she was unable to taper off prednisone completely without her symptoms returning. Additional immunosuppressive therapies were trialed, but she remained steroid dependent with disease flares related to prednisone tapers. Her atypical response to treatment led to consideration of alternative diagnoses, and further investigation revealed positive Q fever serology (phase-I IgG 1:1892, phase II IgG 1:8192, phase-I and -II IgM < 1:16). She was diagnosed with long-term Q fever and was treated with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.

Outcomes:

She remained on treatment for 2 years. During this time, her symptoms resolved, hematuria disappeared, and her creatinine returned to baseline. Following cessation of therapy, her Q fever IgM titres rose, and she was restarted on doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine indefinitely.

Teaching Points:

(1) Keeping a broad differential diagnosis in the setting of atypical clinical features or unexpected response to therapy is important for ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. (2) Clinical improvement in relation to immunosuppressive therapy does not preclude an infectious cause of glomerular disease.