bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INOKULASI Trypanosoma evansi PADA MENCIT Mus musculus STRAIN BALB-C YANG BERASAL DARI DARAH SAPI LOKAL
Authors: Fahrimal Yudha , Saad Mecky Desca , Budiman Hamdani
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keberhasilan inokulasi Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) pada mencit Mus musculus strain Balb-C yang berasal dari darah sapi lokal di Rumah Potong Hewan kota Banda Aceh. Dari 205 sampel darah sapi lokal, 15 sampel positif mengandung T.evansi dengan metode hematokrit dan semua darah disuntikkan masing-masing pada  mencit secara intraperitoneal untuk memperbanyak jumlah parasit. Semua mencit diperiksa secara regular 2 kali seminggu dengan mengambil darah dari ujung ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 15 mencit yang diinokulasi, satu ekor mati pada minggu ke-3, satu ekor mati pada minggu ke-5, satu ekor mati minggu ke-8, dua ekor mati minggu ke-9, dan tiga ekor mati pada minggu ke-14, sementara 7 ekor masih hidup sampai minggu ke-20. Dari ke-8 ekor yang mati semuanya tidak ditemukan berkembangnya T. evansi pada mencit
PENENTUAN WAKTU DETEKSI LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) SURGE MENGGUNAKAN KIT LH AIR SUSU PADA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWAH (Capra sp.)
Authors: - Syafruddin , Prima Istarham , Riady Ginta
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan waktu terjadinya luteinizing hormone (LH) surge pada kambing perah peranakan ettawah (PE) yang sedang laktasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 ekor kambing betina dengan usia 2-2,5 tahun dan berat badan dengan kisaran 35-51 kg. Pemeriksaan LH surge dilakukan dengan menggunakan kit LH air susu. Semua kambing PE disinkronisasi  estrus dengan implan controlled internal drug release for goats (CIDR-G) progesteron secara intravagina selama 10 hari dan penyuntikan prostaglandin pada hari ke-8 perlakuan sebelum pengeluaran alat CIDR-G. Deteksi estrus dilakukan dengan menggunakan pejantan kambing PE. Angka respons berahi adalah 50%. Hasil pemeriksaan LH surge menggunakan kit LH air susu menunjukkan hasil negatif, hal ini berarti bahwa kambing betina yang estrus tidakmengandung LH surge dalam air susunya  pada pemeriksaan mulai 13-31 jam setelah berahi dengan interval waktu pemeriksaan 3 jam.
DAYA HAMBAT GETAH JARAK CINA (Jatropha multifida L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: - Darmawi , Manaf Zakiah Heryawati , Putranda Fahri
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh getah jarak cina (Jatropha multifida L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Stapylococcus aureus dengan no Cat ATCC 25923 diperoleh dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Getah  jarak cina diperoleh dari Desa Rukoh Kecamatan Syiah Kuala,diambil dengan cara menyayat batang jarak dan ditampung dalam tabung reaksi (Pyrex TM) sebanyak 50 ml. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 3 kali ulangan menggunakan konsentrasi 25; 50; 75; dan 100% v/v getah jarak cina. Kontrol positif digunakan kertas cakram antibiotik Vankomisin 30 µg. Daya hambat getah jarak cina menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer, dengan jumlah bakteri sesuai dengan standar Mc Farland I. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Zona hambat yang terbentuk diukur dengan jangka sorong (Caliver TM). Hasil penelitian pada konsentrasi 25; 50; 75; dan 100% v/v zona hambat yang terbentuk masing-masing adalah 13; 13,5; 14,6;  dan 15,7 mm. Zona hambat yang terbentuk dariantibiotik vankomisin 30 µg adalah 21 mm. Dari hasil penelitian dapat di simpulkan bahwa getah jarak cina (Jatropha multifida L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFUSA DAUN KATUK (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA SERUM DARAH KAMBING KACANG JANTAN LOKAL
Authors: Mulyana Cut , - Razali , Suryaningsih Sumarti
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian infusa duan katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) terhadap kadar trigliserida serum  darah pada kambing kacang jantan lokal. Hewan yang digunakan adalah 9 ekor kambing kacang jantan lokal berumur 1,5 tahun dengan berat badan rata-rata 18,77±2,43 kg. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola searah dengan tiga kelompok perlakuan. Masing-masing kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ekor kambing. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol, kelompok II diberi infusa daun katuk dosis 25 ml, dan kelompok III diberi infusa daun katuk dosis 50 ml. Hasil analisis varian (ANAVA) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa daun katuk berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) menurunkan kadar trigliserida serum darah kambing kacang jantan lokal. Rataan kadar trigliserida serum darah pada KI; KII; dan KIIImasing-masing adalah 247,67±22,19; 134,67±34,64; dan 46,67±3,51 ml/dl. Kadar trigliserida serum darah kelompok perlakuan yang diberi infusa daun katuk dosis 50 ml dan 25 ml berbeda sangat nyata (P0,01) dengan kelompok kontrol, dan kelompok yang diberi infusa daun katuk dosis 25 ml berbeda sangat nyata (P0,01) dengan kelompok yang diberi infusa daun katuk dosis 50 ml. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian infusa daun katuk dapat menurunkan kadar trigliserida serum darah kambing kacang jantan lokal lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diberi infusa daun katuk
EFEK PENINGKATAN SUHU AIR TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PERILAKU, PATOLOGI ANATOMI, DAN HISTOPATOLOGI INSANG IKAN NILA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS)
Authors: Aliza Dwinna , - Winaruddin , Sipahutar Luky Wahyu
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek peningkatan suhu terhadap perubahan perilaku, patologi anatomi, dan histopatologi insang ikan  nila. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 sampel ikan nila yang dibagi atas 4 kelompok. Kelompok I adalah perlakuan kontrol dengan suhu air 28°C, ikan pada kelompok II, III, IV dipelihara pada suhu 30° C, 32° C, dan 34° C selama 6 jam, mulai dari jam 09.00 sampai 15.00 Wib. Perubahan perilaku diamati setiap satu jam selama 6 jam perlakuan. Kemudian insang sampel diambil lalu difiksasi dalam larutan Davidson 10% dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan sediaan histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan haematoksolin dan eosin (HE). Pengamatan histopatologi  dilakukan dengan mikroskop cahaya biokuler, kemudian dilakukan pemotretan dengan fotomikrograk. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Beberapa perubahan perilaku berupa pergerakan pasif, menurunnya refleks, dan gerakan operculum terjadi lebih cepat pada ikan nila kelompok II, III, dan IV.  Pada pemeriksaan patologi anatomi insang ikan nila didapati perubahan berupa over mucus, perubahan struktur insang, dan perubahan warna. Sementara hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi terhadap insang ikan nila ditemukan adanya epitelium terlepas, hiperplasia lamella primer, hiperplasia lamella sekunder, nekrosa, dan fusi lamella.
KORELASI ANTARA DEHIDRASI DENGAN TOTAL PROTEIN PLASMA, HEMOGLOBIN, DAN PACKED CELL VOLUME PADA KAMBING KACANG UMUR 10-14 HARI
Authors: - Roslizawaty , - Sugito , Ramadhani Syinta , Hasan Muhammad , Daud Razali , Asmilia Nuzul
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara kadar packed cell volume, total protein plasma, dan hemoglobin dengan tingkat dehidrasi  pada anak kambing kacang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 10 ekor anak kambing kacang berumur 10-14 hari, berjenis kelamin jantan, dan tidak cacat fisik. Dehidrasi diinduksi dengan pemberian diuretik yaitu furosemide 2 mg/kg bobot badan secara intramuskular setiap empat jam, spironolactone 50 mg dan hydroclorothiazide 50 mg masing-masing diberikan per oral setiap delapan jam, dan larutan katartika (sukrosa 2 gr/kgbobot badan) di dalam larutan sukrosa 20% diberikan per oral setiap delapan jam selama 12 jam. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear sederhana. Derajat dehidrasi ditentukan berdasarkan persentase penurunan berat badan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total protein plasma (R2= 0,929) mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan derajat dehidrasi, hemoglobin (R2 =0,236), dan packed cell volume (R2 = 0,203) mempunyai hubungan yang rendah dengan derajat dehidrasi.
DETEKSI ANTIBODI SERUM AYAM KAMPUNG (Gallus domesticus) TERHADAP VIRUS NEWCASTLE DISEASE DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: - Darmawi , - Fakhrurrazi , - Wiliana , Dewi Maryulia , Abrar Mahdi , Jamin Faisal , Heryawati Manaf Zakiah
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui titer antibodi pada serum ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus) terhadap virus Newcastle disease (ND). Sampel penelitian adalah serum ayam kampung yang diperoleh di beberapa pasar tradisional Banda Aceh. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah titer antibodi serum ayam kampung dari uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI) dengan memperhatikan endapan eritrosit. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 120 sampel yang diambil di beberapa pasar tradisional di kota Banda Aceh hanya 15 sampel (12,5%) menunjukkan protektif sedangkan 105 sampel (87,5%) tidak protektif. Tingkat proteksi ayam terhadap virus ND di pasar tradisional di kota Banda Aceh tergolong sangat rendah.
PENGARUH PENINGKATAN SUHU TERHADAP JUMLAH ERITROSIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Bangsa Puja Cikal , - Sugito , - Zuhrawati , Daud Razali , Asmilia Nuzul , - Azhar
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan suhu terhadap jumlah eritrosit ikan nila. Sampel yang digunakan adalah darah ikan nila yang berasal dari 18 ekor ikan nila dengan bobot badan berkisar 40-50 g. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acaklengkap (RAL) pola searah dengan tiga perlakuan dan enam kali ulangan. Perlakuan P1 sebagai kontrol merupakan perlakuan dengan suhu akuarium 29±1°C, P2 merupakan perlakuan dengan suhu akuarium 32±1°C, dan P3 merupakan perlakuan dengan suhu akuarium 35±1°C. Ukuran akuarium pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan adalah 80 x 60 x 40 cm dengan ketinggian air 30 cm. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 15hari dan pada hari ke-16 dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah. Darah diambil melalui vena caudalis. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varian(ANAVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Rata-rata (±SD) jumlah eritrosit ikan nila (106/mm3) pada P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing adalah 3,01x106/mm3; 2,63x106/mm3; dan 2,08x106/mm3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu berpengaruh (P0,05) terhadap jumlaheritrosit ikan nila. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan suhu air 32±1°C dan 35±1°C dalam akuarium dapat menurunkan jumlah eritrosit ikan nila.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna unguiculatTERHADAP STRUKTUR MIKROSKOPIS GINJAL MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Handani Atika Resty , Salim M. Nur , Harris Abdul , Budiman Hamdani , - Zainuddin , - Sugito
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata) dengan pengenceran bervariasi terhadap struktur mikroskopis ginjal mencit yang diinduksi aloksan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 12 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) jantan dengan rata-rata bobot badan 25-40 g yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok pertama (K0) sebagai kontrol negatif, hanya diberi akuades. Kelompok K1, K2, dan K3 diinduksi aloksan masing-masing 0,5 ml. Kelompok K1 sebagai kontrol positif. Kelompok K2 diberikan terapi 100 g kacang panjang yang dicampurkan dengan 50 ml akuades, sebanyak 0,5 ml. Perlakuan keempat (K3) diberikan terapi 100 g kacang panjang yang dicampurkan dengan 100 ml akuades, sebanyak 0,5 ml. Terapi diberikan pada pagi dan sore hari selama waktu 7 hari , secara oral dengan menggunakan sonde lambung. Pada hari ke-8 semua mencit dieutanasia dengan menggunakan kloroform dan diambil organ ginjal untuk pembuatan preparat histologis dan pemeriksaan struktur mikroskopis. Perubahan struktur mikroskopis diperiksa berdasarkan parameter sel glomerulus, sel tubulus hemoragi, peradangan dan nekrosis. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, pemberian kacang panjang pada kelompok K2 dan kelompok K3 dapat memperbaiki struktur glomerulus dan tubulus ginjal.
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SERNAI (Wedelia biflora) sebagai ANTITRIPANOSOMA PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: - Eliawardani
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penurunan persentase parasitemia darah tikus yang diinfeksi Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) dan diberi ekstrak daun sernai (Wedelia biflora). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Dua puluh ekor tikus jantan dibagi secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri atas 5 ekor tikus. Kelompok K1 (kontrol positif) adalah tikus yang diinfeksikan dengan 103 T. evansi dan tidak diberikan ekstrak daun sernai, kelompok K2, K3, dan K4 adalah tikus yang diinfeksikan dengan 103 T. evansi dan diberikan ekstrak daun sernai secara oral dengan dosis masing-masing 30, 45, dan 60 mg/kg bobot badan selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Infeksi T. evansi dilakukan secara intra peritoneum sedangkan ekstrak diberikan secara oral selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata ± SD persentase parasitemia tikus dari K2, K3, dan K4 lebih rendah dari K1. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa infeksi T. evansi meningkatkan persentase parasitemia dan pemberian ekstrak daun sernai berbagai dosis mampu menurunkan persentase parasitemia pada tikus.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica(L.) Urban) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI TESTOSTERON PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Akmal Muslim , Adam Mulyadi , Toras Muhammad , - Rusli , - Rinidar , Lubis Triva Murtina
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun pegagan terhadap konsentrasi testosteron pada tikus putih jantan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola one way analysis of varian (ANOVA). Tikus yang digunakan adalah tikus jantan berumur 3-3,5 bulan dengan berat badan 150-250 g sebanyak 12 ekor. Tikus-tikus tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan. Kelompok pertama yang merupakan kelompok kontrol (K0) diberikan pakan komersil (T794P, Pokphand), kelompok K1, K2, dan K3 diberi pakan dan ekstrak daun pegagan dengan dosis bertingkat yaitu 125, 250, dan 500 mg/kg bobot badan selama 30 hari. Pada akhir perlakuan, diambil darah tikus sebanyak 1-2 ml pada vena orbitalis lalu disentrifus sehingga diperoleh plasma darah. Konsentrasi testosteron dalam plasma darah diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode enzim-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Rataan konsentrasi testosteron pada K0; K1; K2; dan K3 masing-masing 4,66±1,93; 4,28±3,70; 4,01±4,93; dan 3,71±0,83.Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun pegagan tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi testosteron (P0,05).
PENGAMATAN LESI MAKROSKOPIS PADA HATI AYAM BROILEYANG DIJUAL DI PASAR LAMBARO ACEH BESAR DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KEBERADAAN MIKROBA
Authors: Budiman Hamdani , Ferasyi T. Reza , - Tapielaniari , Salim M. Nur , Balqis Ummu , Hambal Muhammad
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara lesi makroskopis dengan keberadaan mikroba pada hati ayam broiler. Sampel ayam broiler diperoleh di pasar Lambaro Aceh Besar dengan memilih lima hati ayam normal dan lima hati ayam yang mengalami lesi untuk dilakukan uji mikrobiologis. Hati diambil seberat 25 g, kemudian dilakukan stomaker untuk mendapatkan ekstrak pengencerannya. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji mikrobiologis, pengamatan dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan menghitung koloni per cawan petri. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan sampel hati ayam normal memiliki koloni masing-masing sebanyakn Sn21 (6,5x1022), x Sn2 (2,3x103), Sn3 (1,3x103), Sn4 (1,5x103), dan Sn5 (2,3x102) Cfu/ml, sedangkan sampel hati yang mengalami lesi memiliki koloni masing-masing sebanyak SL1  (3,1x104), SL2 (1,8x106), SL3 (2,7x105), SL4(4,5x106), dan SL5 (1,2x107 )Cfu/ml. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan disimpulkan bahwa hati yang mengalami lesi cenderung memiliki jumlah mikroba yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hati yang normal.
JUMLAH SEL GOBLET PADA USUS HALUS AYAM KAMPUNG (Galludomesticus) YANG TERINFEKSI Ascaridia galli SECARA ALAMI
Authors: Balqis Ummu , Hanafiah M. , Januari Connie , Salim M. Nur , Aisyah Siti , Fahrimal Yudha
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung jumlah sel Goblet pada setiap 1000 sel absortif usus halus ayam kampung yang terinfeksi Ascaridia galli secara alami. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 usus halus ayam kampung yang didapat dari pasar di Banda Aceh. Usus halus ayam kampung diukur kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga bagian (duodenum, jejunum, dan ileum). Kemudian masing-masing bagian usus dibelah dan dihitung jumlah cacing Ascaridia galli. Masing-masing bagian usus tersebut dipotong sepanjang 2 cm, lalu ditempelkan di kertas karton. Kemudian dibuat preparat histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin. Parameter dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah sel Goblet pada setiap 1000 sel absortif duodenum, jejenum, dan ileum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sel Goblet pada setiap 1000 sel absorbtif usus halus yang terinfeksi Ascaridia galli dengan infeksi ringan, sedang, dan berat secara berturut-turut adalah 465, 480, dan 484. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah infeksi Ascaridia galli di duodenum, jejenum, dan ileum maka semakin meningkat proliferasi sel Goblet.
GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI KELENJAR TEMBOLOK AYAM KAMPUNG,BEBEK, DAN MERPATI
Authors: - Zainuddin , Masyitha Dian , - Fitriani , Muharrami Firda , Wahyuni Sri , - Roslizawaty , Adam Mulyadi
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat gambaran histologi kelenjar mukosa tembolok ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus), bebek (Anser anser domesticus), dan merpati (Columba domesticus), masing-masing berjumlah 3 ekor. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tembolok dari ayam kampung, bebek, dan merpati. Jaringan tembolok masing-masing hewan diambil dan diproses secara mikroteknik dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan bentuk antara kelenjar mukosa tembolok ayam kampung dan bebek.Bentuk kelenjar mukosa tembolok ayam kampung bulat, sedangkan bebek lonjong.Baik ayam kampung maupun bebek kelenjar mukosa tembolok tersebar di lamina propia. Pada ayam kampung jumlah kelenjar mukosa tembolok lebih banyak dibandingkan kelenjarmukosa tembolok bebek. Pada merpati tidak dijumpai kelenjar mukosa tembolok di lamina propia.
EFEK EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SEL SPERMATID TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Sihombing Wahyu , Akmal Muslim , Wahyuni Sri , Nasution Idawati , - Rinidar , - Hamdan
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak daun pegagan terhadap perkembangan sel spermatid tikus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola one way analysis of varian (ANOVA). Tikus yang digunakan adalah tikus jantan berumur 3,5 bulan dengan bobot badan 150-250 g sebanyak 12 ekor tikus. Tikus-tikus tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan. Kelompok pertama merupakan kelompok kontrol (K0) yang tidak diberi perlakuan, sedangkan kelompok K1, K2, dan K3 diberi perlakuan berupa ekstrak daun pegagan dengan dosis bertingkat, yaitu 125, 250, dan 500 mg/kg bobot badan selama 30 hari. Pada akhir perlakuan, tikus dikorbankan dengan diberi eter, lalu testis dinekropsi untuk selanjutnya dibuat preparat histologis.Preparat histologis diwarnai dengan pewarnaan periodic acid Schiff (PAS) untuk mengetahui perkembangan sel spermatid dengan cara mendeteksi karbohidrat netral pada tudung akrosom sel spermatid tersebut. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rataan jumlah sel spermatid mengalami penurunan dibandingkan kontrol (K0). K0 mempunyai rataan jumlah sel spermatid tertinggi yaitu 308,00±56,33; diikuti oleh K1 yaitu 234,38±19,81; K2 yaitu 218,50±5,48; dan K3 yaitu 208,05±27,35. Hasil uji statistikmenunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan (P0,05) antara dosis dan rataan jumlah sel spermatid antara K0 dengan K2 dan K0 dengan K3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun pegagan dapat mengurangi laju perkembangan sel spermatid tikus.
The Effect of Wilow Bark Ekstract Administration on Microscopic Feature of Male Rats (Rattus novergicus) Kidney Infected with Trypanosoma evansi
Authors: Nurdiniyah Nurdiniyah , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Sugito Sugito , Salim M. Nur , Fahrimal Yudha , Aisyah Siti
Published: April 2016

The aims of this study was to examine the ability of willow bark extract to prevent the kidney tissue damage from T. evansi infection. This study used 25 rats which were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, each groups consisted of 5 rats. Rats in control group (K0) were not infected with T. Evansi and without administration of willow bark extract. Group 1 (P1) was infected with 103/0,3 ml of T. evansi without willow bark extract administration. Group 2, 3, and 4 were infected with 103/0.3 ml T. evansi and received willow bark extract at dose of 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg bw, respectively. Willow bark extract were administered for 3 days consecutively. On day 4, the rats were sacrificed using chloroform and the kidneys were collected for histopathological examination. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that administration of willow bark extract at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg bw were able to prevent damage of tubule cells and glomerular renal, while administration of 60 mg/kg bw caused kidney damage, indicated with necrosis in tubular glomerular cells. It could be concluded that the willow bark extract at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg Bw were effective to prevent tissue damage in kidneys.  Key words: kidneys, willow, Trypanosoma evansi
Integrated Reservoir Characterization and 3D Modeling of the Monteith Formation: A Case Study of Tight Gas Sandstones in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Zambrano Liliana , Ramirez John Freddy , Pedersen Per Kent , Aguilera Roberto
Published: April 2016

The Monteith Formation is an important tight gas reservoir in the Deep Basin, Alberta, and consists of a progradational succession of shallow marine sediments, nonmarine carbonaceous and coaly, coastal plain facies, and coarse-grained fluvial deposits, from base to top, respectively. This study is based on multiscale description and characterization techniques with cores and drill cuttings, including multimethods laboratory measurements of key reservoir parameters such as porosity and permeability. A second stage of the study involves the use of laboratory measurements obtained from cores and drill cuttings and their integration with well logs to construct a numerical 3D model of the study area. The 3D model is used to history match gas production, and forecast performance of new wells in those areas where the geologic model indicates potential for gas production.

The ultimate goal is to provide a better understanding of the distribution of reservoir properties in the study area for developing drilling prospects and their production potential in areas where reliable data are scarce. The reservoir-modeling stage is carried out by implementing a recently developed methodology that integrates a variable shape distribution (VSD) model, capable of capturing different reservoir properties throughout the whole scale spectrum without any data truncation. Truncation is the excuse generally used for eliminating information that does not fit a given distribution. The claim is that the data are of poor quality, something that is not true in many cases. This new methodology eliminates the need for truncation, and introduces an extension of the VSD approach for reservoir-simulation purposes that reduces uncertainty in the generation of drilling prospects.

Core analysis shows that the Monteith A member is composed of complex fluvial-dominated deposits with better rock quality than the shallow marine sandstones of the Monteith C member. This is most likely because of larger pore-throat apertures that range between 0.5 and 1 μm, and a relatively higher proportion of preserved intergranular pore space within these coarser-grained framework grains. Furthermore, the best production performance is from wells that are producing from the Monteith A. Variability of production rates also seems to be controlled by the presence of natural fractures. It is anticipated that the resulting 3D reservoir model will allow improving field-development strategies for this and other similar unconventional gas reservoirs in the Deep Basin of Alberta and elsewhere.
Preceding Crops and Nitrogen Effects on Crop Energy Use Efficiency in Canola and Barley
Authors: Khakbazan Mohammad , Grant Cynthia A. , Huang Jianzhong , Berry Nathan J. , Smith Elwin G. , O'Donovan John T. , Blackshaw Robert. E. , Harker K. Neil , Lafond Guy P. , Johnson Eric N. , Gan Yantai , May William E. , Turkington T. Kelly , Lupwayi Newton Z.
Published: April 2016

Energy use efficiency (EUE) is a key concept which may be used to benchmark best practices in cropping systems through comparison of the impacts of both preceding crops (PCs) and agricultural inputs on crop yield. The EUE is a metric to measure how cultural practices, such as N application and rotational crop use, can influence sustainability in a canola (Brassica napus L.) (C)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (B) rotation. In a 2009 to 2011 PC–C–B rotation study, six PCs (field pea [Pisum sativum L.], lentil [Lens culinaris Medik.], faba bean [Vicia faba L.], canola, wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], and green manure [GRM] legume faba bean) were grown in factorial combination with five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha−1), on field experiments at seven sites across western Canada. When the PC was GRM, the energy output of C or C–B was highest, but insufficient to compensate for lost output during the GRM phase (2009). For all cropping systems, the quadratic response of energy output to optimal N indicated that N applied could be reduced below 120 kg ha−1 without diminishing energy output at some locations. Over the entire 3‐yr crop sequence, legume PCs (lentil or field pea) grown for seed provided the greatest EUE. The GRM improved the yield, and therefore energy output and EUE, of the following crops considerably, but the increased canola and barley energy outputs were not able to alleviate the lost energy output during the preceding crop phase.

N fertilizer applied could be reduced without diminishing energy output.

Legume preceding crops (lentil or field pea) grown for seed provided the greatest EUE.

Legume PC grown for green manure was not able to increase EUE for the entire rotation.
Validating a Digital Soil Map with Corn Yield Data for Precision Agriculture Decision Support
Authors: Bobryk Christopher W. , Myers D. Brenton , Kitchen Newell R. , Shanahan John F. , Sudduth Kenneth A. , Drummond Scott T. , Gunzenhauser Bob , Raboteaux Nadilia N. Gomez
Published: April 2016

Capturing the variability in soil‐landscape properties is a challenge for grain producers attempting to integrate spatial information into the decision process of precision agriculture (PA). Digital soil maps (DSMs) use traditional soil survey information and can be the basis for PA subfield delineation (e.g., management zones). However, public soil survey maps provide only general descriptions of soil‐landscape features. Therefore, improved DSMs are needed that use high‐resolution data that more precisely model soil‐landscape characteristics. Additionally, reliable methods are needed to validate DSM products for PA. The objective of this study was to validate with corn (Zea mays L.) yield data the performance of a new DSM product, termed Environmental Response Unit (ERU), compared with the USDA Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) soil map. The ERU was developed by integrating SSURGO information with high‐resolution elevation data. For validation, corn yield maps were collected and corrected for common data collection errors from 409 fields across Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska in 2010 to 2012. Reductions in the area‐weighted variance (Rv) of corn yield for ERU and SSURGO were calculated relative to the whole‐field variance. The average Rv across all site‐years for SSURGO and ERU was 16 and 25%, respectively, which equated to a 57% higher median yield variance reduction with ERU over SSURGO. This variance reduction technique showed the potential of ERU as an improved model better representing soil‐landscape properties that impact corn yield. This research also has application potential for determining the success of a DSM for identifying management zones in PA.

The variance reduction metric (Rv) provided a direct comparison between DSM models.

The greatest reduction in corn yield variance was exhibited by the ERU DSM model.

Physiographic derivatives from high‐precision data sets improved DSM functionality.

Yield data helped outline interrelationships among various soil properties.
Distillers By‐Product Cattle Diets Enhance Reduced Sulfur Gas Fluxes from Feedlot Soils and Manures
Authors: Miller Daniel N. , Spiehs Mindy J. , Varel Vincent H. , Woodbury Bryan L. , Wells James E. , Berry Elaine D.
Published: April 2016

Total reduced sulfur (TRS) emissions from animal feeding operations are a concern with increased feeding of high‐sulfur distillers by‐products. Three feeding trials were conducted to evaluate feeding wet distillers grain plus solubles (WDGS) on TRS fluxes. Fresh manure was collected three times during Feeding Trial 1 from cattle fed 0, 20, 40, and 60% WDGS. Fluxes of TRS from 40 and 60% WDGS manures were 3‐ to 13‐fold greater than the 0 and 20% WDGS manures during the first two periods. In the final period, TRS flux from 60% WDGS was 5‐ to 22‐fold greater than other WDGS manures. During Feeding Trial 2, 0 and 40% WDGS diets on four dates were compared in feedlot‐scale pens. On two dates, fluxes from mixed manure and soil near the feed bunk were 3.5‐fold greater from 40% WDGS pens. After removing animals, soil TRS flux decreased 82% over 19 d but remained 50% greater in 40% WDGS pens, principally from the wetter pen edges (1.9‐fold greater than the drier central mound). During two cycles of cattle production in Feeding Trial 3, TRS soil fluxes were 0.3‐ to 4‐fold greater over six dates for pens feeding WDGS compared with dry‐rolled corn diet and principally from wetter pen edges. Soil TRS flux correlated with %WDGS, total N, total P, manure pack temperature, and surface temperature. Consistent results among these three trials indicate that TRS fluxes increase by two‐ to fivefold when cattle were fed greater levels of WDGS, but specific manure management practices may help control TRS fluxes.

Core Ideas

Distillers grains diets increase manure sulfur fluxes.

Manure sulfur fluxes are greater than soil sulfur fluxes.

Soil fluxes are greater from wet, manure‐impacted sites.
Photosynthesis, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Yield of Phytochrome‐B‐Overexpressing Potatoes under Different Light Regimes
Authors: Schittenhelm Siegfried , Menge‐Hartmann Ute , Oldenburg Elisabeth
Published: April 2016

Transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. phytochrome B (phyB) have been reported to exhibit a substantially modified plant architecture, increased photosynthetic performance, reduced photoinhibition, delayed leaf senescence, and increased tuber yield. A greenhouse and a growth chamber experiment were conducted at Braunschweig, Germany, to elucidate the crop physiological basis for the yield differences between moderately phyB‐overexpressing transgenic (Dara‐5) and wild‐type potato plants. In the greenhouse experiment, Dara‐5 leaves showed a 23% greater leaf carbon exchange rate (CER) at light saturation, 32% greater leaf conductance, and 21% longer green leaf area duration (GLAD) than the wild‐type plants. The transgenic plants partitioned a considerably greater portion of their biomass to stems and roots, but tuber and total biomass yield did not significantly differ among genotypes. The leaves and stems of the transgenic plants had lower starch and soluble sugar concentrations but consistently higher N concentration than those of the nontransgenic plants. Light response curves showed increasing CER superiority of Dara‐5 leaves with increasing photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), suggesting higher productivity of the transgenic plants in high‐radiation environments. Therefore, the two genotypes were compared in growth chambers at low, medium, and high light levels of 300, 600, and 900 μmol m−2 s−1 PPF. Leaf CER of the transgenic plants reached 123, 115, and 120% of the wild‐type plants at low, medium, and high PPF, but only at low PPF did the transgenic plants produce significantly greater (+8%) tuber yield than the nontransgenic plants. It is supposed that enhanced C loss from respiration is responsible for the lack of consistent transgenic yield superiority.
Timing Defoliation Applications for Maximum Yields and Optimum Quality in Cotton Containing a Fruiting Gap
Authors: Faircloth Joel C. , Edmisten Keith L. , Wells Randy , Stewart Alexander M.
Published: April 2016

Stresses during cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) square and boll formation can result in fruit abscission from several continuous nodes, resulting in a fruiting gap on the plant. This gap may cause a shift in benchmarks for timing various agronomic practices aimed at maximizing cotton yield and optimizing quality. A cotton defoliation timing study was performed in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to (i) see if the creation of a fruiting gap would influence defoliation timing and to (ii) compare the use of the open boll percentage at defoliation (OBPD), nodes above cracked boll (NACB), and micronaire readings at defoliation as tools for timing defoliation. In late July or early August each year, a fruiting gap was created by physically removing fruit from several continuous nodes on plants. Plots were defoliated on the basis of various OBPD values. Upon defoliation, OBPD and NACB were taken and lint was retained to determine the micronaire at defoliation. In both 1999 and 2000, there was a yield advantage to delaying defoliation beyond 60 OBPD in treatments containing a gap. However, in 2001 there was no yield advantage to delaying defoliation. This may have been due to optimal late‐season growing conditions experienced in 2001. In years when micronaire readings are high, data suggested cotton not containing a fruiting gap is more likely to be above discount levels for high micronaire and should not be defoliated past 60 OBPD. In both 1999 and 2000, trends confirmed a direct relationship between OBPD and both yield and micronaire. Overall, these studies demonstrated that in some years, where no fruiting gaps exist, it might be possible to terminate cotton before the 60% open boll recommendation without sacrificing yields. These results would allow farmers to shift defoliation, and hence harvest, to a time when there are fewer risks of quality‐based discounts. While a significant interaction prohibited the examination of the use of micronaire at defoliation as a technique for timing defoliation, there did not appear to be a significant advantage to using either NACB or OBPD for timing defoliation.
Assessment of Genetic Variation in Hairy Vetch Using Canonical Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Yeater Kathleen M. , Bollero German A. , Bullock Donald G. , Rayburn A. Lane , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra
Published: April 2016

For improvement of hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) as a winter cover crop, it is necessary to gain insight into the magnitude of variability present in the species. This study was conducted to assess the sources of genetic and phenotypic variability ofV. villosaaccessions. Thirteen morphological and agronomic traits were measured on 42 populations ofV. villosaand two populations ofV. pannonicaCrantz in field studies at Urbana, IL, for 2 yr. These measurements include initial seed weight, germination, stem length, stem width, leaf length, and leaf width in the fall and spring, winter survival, biomass, and a ratio of organic C to total N (C:N ratio) of the plants. The multivariate data set was analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) in combination with a clustering procedure. In this analysis, the first two canonical variates were significant and accounted for 94% of the among‐accession variability. The canonical variates indicated that fall and spring measurements of the leaf and stem, and C:N ratio are the most differentiating traits among the accessions. The canonical variates were used to cluster the accessions into four subgroups on the basis of the differentiating traits. Canonical discriminant analysis was useful in identifying the genetic variation and the traits that better describe the variation among hairy vetch populations. Cluster analysis was successful in differentiating the accessions into similar subgroups on the basis of the measured traits. Plant breeders can use the information on variation amongViciaaccessions and focus on traits of particular significance.
Genetic Analysis of Imidazolinone Resistance in Mutation‐Derived Lines of Common Wheat
Authors: Pozniak C. J. , Hucl P. J.
Published: April 2016

The imidazolinone herbicides possess high biological potency at low application rates, and thus are an attractive alternative for weed control. The induction of genes conferring resistance by mutagenesis could facilitate the use of imidazolinones as an alterative weed control system in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Six M3:6 spring wheat lines resistant to imidazolinone herbicides were identified following seed mutagenesis and were selected for genetic study. The lines were designated as 1A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 15A, and 16A. BW755 carries a previously characterized partially dominant resistance gene (FS‐4). On the basis of analysis of F1, F2, backcross (BC)1F1 and F2:3 populations, resistance in lines 1A, 9A, 10A, 11A, and 16A is a partially dominant trait inherited as a single nuclear gene. Resistance in TealIMI 15A is dominant and is inherited as two independent nuclear‐coded genes. Allelism studies indicated that resistance genes in 1A, 9A, 10A, 16A, and one of the resistance genes in 15A are allelic to FS‐4 All crosses between resistant lines and 11A produced segregating F2 and F2:3 populations suggesting the presence of a unique resistance gene in 11A. The resistance genes were named on the basis of the recommended rules for gene symbolization in wheat. The FS‐4 allele was redesignated as Imi1 The resistance gene in 11A and the second resistance gene in 15A were designated as Imi2 and Imi3, respectively. Results from these studies indicate that higher levels of imidazolinone resistance in wheat could be achieved by stacking two or more genes into a single genotype.
Latitudinal Adaptation of Switchgrass Populations
Authors: Casler M. D. , Vogel K. P. , Taliaferro C. M. , Wynia R. L.
Published: April 2016

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) is a widely adapted warm‐season perennial that has considerable potential as a biofuel crop. Evolutionary processes and environmental factors have combined to create considerable ecotypic differentiation in switchgrass. The objective of this study was to determine the nature of population × location interaction for switchgrass, quantifying potential differences in latitudinal adaptation of switchgrass populations. Twenty populations were evaluated for biofuel and agronomic traits for 2 yr at five locations ranging from 36 to 46° N lat. Biomass yield, survival, and plant height had considerable population × location interaction, much of which (53–65%) could be attributed to the linear effect of latitude and to germplasm groups (Northern Upland, Southern Upland, Northern Lowland, and Southern Lowland). Differences among populations were consistent across locations for maturity, dry matter, and lodging. Increasingly later maturity and the more rapid stem elongation rate of more southern‐origin ecotypes (mainly lowland cytotypes) resulted in high biomass yield potential, reduced dry matter concentration, and longer retention of photosynthetically active tissue at more southern locations. Conversely, increasing cold tolerance of more northern‐origin ecotypes (mainly upland cytotypes) resulted in higher survival, stand longevity, and sustained biomass yields at more northern locations, allowing switchgrass to thrive at cold, northern latitudes. Although cytotype explained much of the variation among populations and the population × location interaction, ecotypic differentiation within cytotypes accounted for considerable variation in adaption of switchgrass populations.
Genetic Diversity Determined within and among CIMMYT Maize Populations of Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Germplasm by SSR Markers
Authors: Reif J. C. , Xia X. C. , Melchinger A. E. , Warburton M. L. , Hoisington D. A. , Beck D. , Bohn M. , Frisch M.
Published: April 2016

Genetic diversity in maize (Zea maysL.) plays a key role for future breeding progress. The main objectives of our study were to (i) investigate the genetic diversity within and among CIMMYT maize populations by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, (ii) examine genotype frequencies for deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at individual loci, and (iii) test for linkage disequilibrium (LD) between pairs of loci. Twenty‐three maize populations and pools established in 1974, which mostly comprise germplasm from different racial complexes adapted to tropical, subtropical intermediate‐maturity, subtropical early‐maturity, and temperate megaenvironments (ME), were fingerprinted by 83 SSR markers covering the entire maize genome. Across all populations, 27% of the SSR markers deviated significantly from HWE with an excess of homozygosity in 99% of the cases. We observed no evidence for genome‐wide LD among pairs of loci within each of the seven tropical populations analyzed. Estimates of genetic differentiation (GST) between populations within MEs averaged 0.09 and revealed that most of the molecular variation was found within the populations. Principal coordinate analysis based on allele frequencies of the populations revealed that populations adapted to the same ME clustered together and, thus, supported clearly the ME structure.
Spatial Analysis of Forage Grass Trials across Locations, Years, and Harvests
Authors: Smith K. F. , Casler M. D.
Published: April 2016

Spatial analyses of yield trials are a powerful method of adjusting treatment means for spatial variation and improving statistical precision of mean estimation. Because yield trials are typically repeated across multiple locations and years, spatial analysis methods must be adapted for combined analyses across locations and years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) across locations and years for several perennial forage grass trials. Three spatial adjustment methods were developed: preadjustment based on total forage yield, postadjustment based on total forage yield, and preadjustment based on forage yield of individual harvests. For cool‐season grasses on a multiple‐harvest management, NNA had relative efficiencies of 105 to 135% across locations, years, and trials. Within trials, there was some consistency across harvests, resulting in greater improvements in precision for adjustment based on total yield. Across locations and years, the three spatial adjustment methods always ranked the same in relative efficiency: preadjustment by harvest > preadjustment of total yield > postadjustment of total yield. The advantage of the preadjustment methods was likely due to fitting heterogeneous slopes (adjustment factors) across locations, years, and/or harvests. In contrast, trials with a single‐harvest management for biomass production always had relatively low relative efficiency of NNA. Trial operators should assess the relative efficiency of NNA on early harvests from all locations within a trial and if the relative efficiencies are large, they should consider the use of NNA across locations and years to adjust entry means.
Recurrent Half‐Sib Selection with Testcross Evaluation for Increased Oil Content in Soybean
Authors: Feng L. , Burton J. W. , Carter T. E. , Pantalone V. R.
Published: April 2016

Protein meal and oil are the two commodities produced from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that give the crop its value. Increasing seed concentrations of either or both may add value. Objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of recurrent half‐sib selection for increased seed oil, to evaluate the effect of tester oil content on selection response, and to investigate testcross heterosis and inbreeding depression for seed oil content. A recurrent half–sib selection system was devised for soybean and selection for increased oil content was conducted in a population for seven and three cycles using a high and a low‐oil tester, respectively. The base population was a high‐oil composite with gray pubescence (tt) that was segregating for nuclear genetic ms1 male sterility. In summer, the base population was planted in single plant hills and bordered with the tester (Ms1Ms1TT) in a random mating block in North Carolina. About 100 to 200 random male‐sterile plants with hybrid seeds were harvested. Half‐sib families derived from each male‐sterile plant were then grown in Puerto Rico in winter. At maturity, seeds from tawny plants (tester hybrid) were used to identify half‐sib families with high‐oil content. Corresponding gray plant hybrids from sib matings within the population were bulked to start the next cycle of selection. Random progenies from the base populations and selected progenies from each cycle of selection were evaluated in a replicated field experiment at three locations in North Carolina. Cycle × tester hybrids and cycle × cycle sib hybrids were also included in the tests. The results showed that oil content was significantly increased at a rate of 1.1 ± 0.2 g kg−1 cycle−1 in the high‐oil tester populations but not in the low‐oil tester populations. The realized heritability estimate for the high‐oil tester population was 0.12 ± 0.03. Evidence of heterosis indicated that some dominance effects on oil content existed. Dominance effects may affect the evaluation accuracy of the genotypes being tested. A high‐oil tester and high‐oil populations may have many common alleles resulting in less dominance and more additive effects in their hybrids. Consequently, a high‐oil tester can lead to better evaluation and selection precision, compared with a low‐oil tester which could mask additive effects and reduce selection precision.
Developing Midstearic Acid Sunflower Lines from a High Stearic Acid Mutant
Authors: Pérez‐Vich Begoña , Muñoz‐Ruz Juan , Fernández‐Martínez José M.
Published: April 2016

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes with increased stearic acid (C18:0) content in their seed oil may be useful for food and industrial applications. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize mid‐stearic acid sunflower lines homozygous recessive for single genes from the high stearic acid mutant CAS‐3 (250 g kg−1). Crosses between CAS‐3 (genotype es1es1es2es2), and the inbred line HA 89, with standard low stearic acid levels (50 g kg−1; Es1Es1Es2Es2), were made to obtain F3 families segregating for either the Es1 or Es2 loci. From these families, F3 half‐seeds with putative genotypes es1es1Es2Es2 (188 g kg−1) and Es1Es1es2es2 (90 g kg−1) were selected. F7–lines homozygous for es1 or es2 were developed. These lines were named CAS‐19 (es1es1Es2Es2) and CAS‐20 (Es1Es1es2es2) and showed mid‐stearic acid levels of 168 g kg−1 (CAS‐19) and 83 g kg−1 (CAS‐20). The fatty acid content was evaluated in all generations by gas‐liquid chromatography. The genetic composition of CAS‐19 and CAS‐20 was verified by evaluating progenies from crosses between both mid‐stearic acid lines, and from crosses between the mid‐stearic acid lines and HA 89. The new Es1Es1es2es2 and es1es1Es2Es2 genotypes expressing mid‐stearic acid levels represent a further advance for the development of sunflower lines for specific edible purposes, and constitute a unique source for agronomic and genetic studies on single alleles controlling increased stearic acid content in sunflower.