bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Börse und das Wettbüro: Differenz und Konvergenz im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Engel Alexander
Published: December 2023

Onlinebörsen für Sportwetten verbinden auf den ersten Blick ganz getrennte Sphären: das Freizeitvergnügen von Sportkonsum und Glücksspiel mit der ernsten, angestrengten Ökonomie der Börse. Diese konzeptuelle Differenzierung ist ein Produkt des 19. Jahrhunderts, und durchaus fragil: geht es doch in beiden Bereichen gleichermaßen darum, Wetten abzuschließen. Die Verfahren und die Organisation der Wetten aber waren lange Zeit spezifisch für beide Sphären. Indem diese aus ihren Ursprungskontexten zunehmend entbettet und übertragbar werden, gerade auch im Zuge der Digitalisierung, tritt zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts immer klarer der identische formallogische Kern beider Welten zutage: die Verabredung von Zahlungsströmen in kompetitiver Referenz auf künftige Zustände eines Systems, d.h. die Vermarktlichung formalisierter, zu prognostizierender Zukunft.
Emergency aid: emergency homeopathic treatment in a cat victim of a runway
Authors: De Sousa Barbosa Maria Luiza
Published: December 2023

The most common cause of shock in cats is trauma, due to fights with other animals and being run over. Regardless of the cause, shock can be fatal. Arnica montana is well used on tissues, skin and holes, always of traumatic origin. It reabsorbs internal bleeding, in addition to being a great option for controlling pain in these origins. This work aims to describe the use of homeopathy as a veterinary emergency tool, proving its effectiveness in supporting a cat victim of trauma due to being run over. A heavy seven-year-old mixed-breed cat received homeopathic support shortly after the trauma. Arnica montana 30 cH was administered in the plus method for two hours. Ultradilution kept the cat with a good breathing pattern and with all stimuli preserved, after six hours the patient presented cardiorespiratory arrest, leading to death. At necropsy, there was the presence of a discrete hematoma in the right lateral abdominal muscles and the presence of intestinal loops in the right internal femoral bone, characterizing a femoral hernia. The choice was unique and its use corroborates the well-being measures and responsibility of the Veterinarian in providing the first care. This study allowed a greater elucidation of the applicability of homeopathic therapy in the veterinary emergency room.
Signifying Haitian Migration and the Politics of Land
Authors: Marco Pflanzen
Published: December 2023

The Essay brings you peer-reviewed essays that provoke thinking in and about our field. In this issue, Marco Pflanzen examines the legacy of colonialism at the US-Mexico border, specifically the US Border Patrol’s pursuit and detention of Haitian migrants. Pflanzen argues that the images and rhetoric should be understood against the backdrop of vigilante justice against enslaved Africans and that both historical moments have underexamined ecological ramifications. Pflanzen brings an ecological sensitivity to the significations and affections at play in a manner that broadens scholarly understandings of nature and discourse alike.
Dr. Jessica Johnson and the Affects of Biblical Porn
Authors: Newton Richard
Published: December 2023

The Interview brings Bulletin readers into contact with scholars whose work signals currents or shifts in the field. In this edition, Bulletin Editor Richard Newton sits down with Jessica Johnson, an ethnographer of religion whose research on Mars Hill Church and Mark Driscoll deepened our understanding of an intriguing site of discourse, affect, media, and biblicism in the North American evangelical context. All the while, Johnson helps us understand the complexities and possibilities for those seeking to do ethnographic research in religious studies.
Expanding Career Diversity
Authors: Brown William
Published: December 2023

Over the last few issues, the Bulletin has been brining you pieces to help scholars rethink professionalization and academic training in the study of religion. In this issue, William Brown, Senior Technical Editor at Quanta Technology, LLC offers some much-needed insight on this front. He contends that once academic units recognize and normalize nonacademic career pursuits, then these units can put into play proven practices to empower future religious studies trained professionals.
Chemically reduced silver nanoparticles: preparation and applications
Authors: Tan Da-Qing , Dong Meng-Yao , Xia Yi-jie , Wang Xuan-Ye , Wei Hui-Ge
Published: December 2023

By virtue of their unique physiochemical properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted enormous research interest for versatile applications. It is critical to study the effect of the microstructure – for example, the shape and the size of AgNPs – on their performance. Herein, AgNPs with varying shapes and sizes were synthesized by varying the manner that the reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was added (i.e. multistep and one-step reduction methods) and then were studied for photocatalysis of dyes and electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. The results showed that triangular AgNPs, spherical AgNPs or a mixture of triangular- and spherical-shaped AgNPs was obtained from the multistep reduction method, whereas only spherical-shaped AgNPs were yielded from the one-step reduction method. The sizes could be manipulated by changing the concentrations of the reagents or the reaction temperature. The triangular-shaped and smaller-sized AgNPs were more effective for photocatalysis of dyes, and the degradation percentage of methylene blue was enhanced to 95% for the silver (Ag)–titanium dioxide (TiO2) complex from 50% for pure titanium dioxide. Moreover, the spherical-shaped AgNPs with a smaller size could effectively detect glucose at a very low concentration of 5–10 mM with an excellent glucose tolerance.
A Review on Biodiesel and Effect of Oxygenize
Authors: Sanyogita Shahi  , Tripti Sahu  , Shirish Kumar Singh
Published: December 2023

Biodiesel is a renewable like solar energy, coal, oil and natural gases. It is eco-friendly and energy-accomplice fuel that is becoming a more prominent alternative to Petro-diesel. However, biodiesel's limitations can be overcome by optimizing its quality and properties. Oxygenize supplements have been shown to play an important role in this optimization. In this research work, biodiesel was produced from cow dung, which is a readily available and abundant resource in villages and farms. The competency of the produced biodiesel was studied and compared to various criterion. Oxygenates additives, including methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5), were added to this biodiesel at various ratios (10%, 20%, and 30%) to study their effects on the merits of the biodiesel produced. The efficiency of the biodiesel was also evaluated.
Millets and their Nutritional Value: A Review
Authors: Leena Chandrakar  , Sanyogita Shahi
Published: December 2023

This comprehensive review paper delves into the nutritional value of millets and their multifaceted role in global nutrition and sustainability. Millets, a group of small-seeded grains, have garnered increasing attention due to their exceptional nutritional composition and potential to address contemporary challenges related to food security, health, and sustainable agriculture. Our exploration begins with an introduction to the various types of millets and their significance in global nutrition. We dissect the macronutrient and micronutrient profiles of millets, highlighting their rich content of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Through an extensive analysis, we uncover the health benefits of millets, demonstrating their potential in managing chronic diseases, promoting gastrointestinal health, and aiding in weight management.  In the culinary realm, we showcase the versatility of millets, both in traditional and modern recipes, transcending cultural boundaries and dietary preferences. We emphasize the nutritional advantages of millet-based dishes and their incorporation into diverse cuisines worldwide. Furthermore, we explore the burgeoning market of millet-based food products, reflecting consumer demand for healthier alternatives. Our investigation extends to the pivotal role of millets in food security and sustainability. We highlight their resilience as a climate-resilient crop, their importance in ensuring food security for marginalized communities, and the adoption of sustainable farming practices. Millets emerge as a promising solution for reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. These above points explain with each point different research or review paper used to write with citation include in paragraph text from references 2016- 2022 with the title "A Review on Edible Mushrooms and Their Cancer Cure Properties" references write in APA style
Association Between Lipid Profile and Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Najlaa Mohammad Alsudairy  , Al Abdrabalnabi  , Fatimah Ahmed E  , Shahad Abdulaziz S Alzahrani  , Khalid Faisal Alzibali  , Eman Mohammed Osman Mohammed  , Nour Mohammed  , Rahf Mohammed Alqarni  , Al Dhamer  , Abdullah Adel A  , Alhabeeb  , Shada Habeeb S  , Al Shuaibi  , Abdulraoof Fahad A  , Fatmh Hmedin Al Ejefi  , Almaden Hadi Faisal S  , Naif Ogab Jabr Alotabi  , Alshehri  , Abdulaziz Fayez Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious disabling consequence of Diabetes Mellitus. They are characterized by the breakdown of skin and underlying tissues in the feet, and are a major cause of lower limb amputations. Various risk factors have been identified for the development of diabetic foot ulcers, including poor glycemic control, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and impaired wound healing. it is considered that the lipid profile is one of many factors that contribute to the formation and progression of diabetic foot ulcers. To stratify the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), biomarkers are required. The aim of this review is to assess the relationship between the risk of DFU and lipid profile in diabetic patients.
Pharmacological Screening of Polyherbal Formulation for Diabetic Associated Hyperlipidemia
Authors: K. Thamizhvanan  , Rakesh Kumar Jat  , B. Prem Kumar
Published: December 2023

Plant parts such as seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers can be used medicinally. This practise is known as herbal medicine, botanical medicine, or phytomedicine. Outside of mainstream treatment, herbalists have long used herbalism for conventional medicine. Grewia subinaequalisDC in the family Tiliaceae, only one genus, Grewia, yields edible fruit. Saccharum officinarum is a species of grass belonging to the genus Saccharum that is characterised by its robust growth and size. Neisosperma oppositifolium is a tree that typically exhibits a height range of 6 to 25 metres, although it has been observed to vary from as low as 2.5 metres to extraordinarily high heights of 45 metres, and in rare cases, even up to 60 metres. The presence of moisture in crude pharmaceuticals is an unavoidable factor that should be minimised to the greatest extent possible9,10. The process of drying significantly influences both the quality and purity of the material.
A Comprehensive Review of Similarity Based Link Prediction Methods for Complex Networks including Computational Biology
Authors: Nirmaljit Singh  , Harmeet Singh
Published: December 2023

Information retrieval is one of the most challenging tasks for the mankind and to retrieve information interaction is required, which ultimately leads to the formation of networks. Universe is packed with different type of networks. Networks with complex topological properties are called complex network. Such types of networks are major tools for learning the connection between the organizations and finding the purpose of complex systems. The link prediction problems in complex networks facilitate predictions about the future organization of the network. Network is represented as a graph. The data in the network is signified by nodes, and the relations are represented by links. The future of non-connected links amid node pairs is predicted. This paper reviews the methods used to predict links for complex networks using similarity-based heuristics. Previous reviews, despite having a clear outline of the link prediction study, only described the prediction approaches. Research gaps between the similarity-based link prediction techniques, however, were not explicitly stated. With the help of chronological findings and a research gaps approach, this review seeks to give a continuing review and introduce the link prediction.
Колониальная аналогия: о пользе и вреде языка постколониальных исследований в постсоветском контексте
Authors: Малахов Владимир , Летняков Денис
Published: December 2023

В статье утверждается, что характеристика советского периода предыстории постсоветских национальных государств в качестве колониального теоретически некорректна. В ее основе – стремление проигнорировать специфику социалистического проекта, произвести его этническую редукцию. Кроме того, в той мере, в какой такая характеристика имеет нормативные коннотации, она ведет к взаимному отчуждению исследователей по географическому признаку, приглашая к (а) стигматизации представителей бывшего центра союзного государства как адептов неоимпериализма и (б) самовиктимизации представителей бывшей периферии как пассивных объектов внешних манипуляций. Авторы выдвигают гипотезу, согласно которой перефокусировка исследовательского внимания с “постсоциализма” на “постколониализм” была эпистемологическим закреплением политико-идеологических трансформаций – своеобразным отражением в поле науки сдвигов в поле политики, которые произошли на рубеже 1980-1990-х годов. Отказ обсуждать принципиальные особенности советского проекта имплицитно предполагает безальтернативность капитализма. Рассматривая советский проект в колониальных категориях, носители знания присоединяются к носителям власти, вышедшим из холодной войны победителями, и задают такую оптику рассмотрения данного проекта, которая полностью исключает его революционно-утопическое, мобилизационное и эмансипаторное измерение. Авторы призывают к осторожности в применении “постколониального” словаря в анализе постсоветских обществ. Не отрицая продуктивности использования концептуальной рамки постколониальных исследований с целью выявления скрытых властных иерархий и элементов дискурсивного насилия, они, тем не менее, полагают, что прямой перенос данной рамки в постсоветский контекст таит в себе серьезные эпистемологические издержки.
Mapping the Diffusion and Implementation of Breast Units: Lessons Learned from the Case of Italy
Authors: Dalponte Federica , Zazzera Angelica , Ferrara Lucia , Tozzi Valeria
Published: December 2023

The paper examines the diffusion and implementation of breast units (BUs) in Italy as a paradigm of pathology units. Through a case study methodology, the article analyses both European and Italian requirements for the identification of BUs and conducts a comprehensive census of active BUs in Italy, by reconciling data from four distinct databases. The analysis reveals variations in requirements between the national and the European level, indicating a process of adaptation while adopting European guidelines and underscoring the complexity of harmonizing BUs identification criteria. Furthermore, the census of active BUs provides an estimate of the total number of BUs in Italy and assesses adherence to the recommended population coverage standard (one breast unit per approximately 250,000 inhabitants) at the regional level in Italy. Indeed, the analysis shows geographical disparities in the diffusion of BUs across Italian regions. Additionally, this study highlights the challenge deriving from the lack of a unified national database displaying the total number of active BUs in Italy, a limitation that extends to the European context. The paper ends by offering some insights for future research in this area, emphasizing the need for standardized data collection.
Three years performance of Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus Eluting Stent in all comer patients undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
Authors: Shrivastava Abhinav , Maurya Preetika , Pathania Sunny , Singh Sugam , Chhikara Sanya , Mahesh Ashwin , Singh Balwinder , Singh Navreet , Nath Ranjit , Mahesh Nalin , Bajaj Nitin , Sharma Prafull , Panda Prashant , Dugal Jaskaran , Gupta Ankush
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Contemporary evidence suggest the comparable performance of biodegradable polymer sirolimus eluting stents (BPSES) with that of second generation durable polymer drug eluting stents. This study was done to evaluate the performance of BPSES in all comer patients undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) in real world setting over a period of three years. Materials & Methods: This was a prospective observational study, wherein all comer consecutive patients undergoing PCI with BPSES (Yukon Choice Elite stent by Translumina Therapeutics, India) were enrolled and followed up for 3 years. The study's primary endpoint was the Device Oriented Composite Endpoint (DOCE), which included cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR); the co-primary endpoint was the Patient-Oriented Composite Endpoint (POCE), which included all-cause mortality, any MI , and any repeat revascularization and the secondary endpoint was definite or probable stent thrombosis (DST & PST). Results: 301 patients with 502 lesions were treated with 485 BP-SES. Mean age of the study cohort was 61.6± 9.3 yrs and males were 79.1%. 18.6% patients were diabetic, 29.6% had ejection fraction less than 40% and 73.1% patients presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Majority of the patient had triple vessel disease (TVD) (51.8%), multivessel PCI was done in 15.6% and complex PCI in 26.2% patients. A mean of 1.6 ±0.8 stents per patient with mean diameter 3.0 ± 0.3 mm and mean length of 27.2 ± 0.8 mm were placed. DOCE & POCE occurred in 7.9% (cardiac death-4.8%, TLR-2.6% & target vessel MI-0.4%) and 12.8% (All deaths-9.7%, any MI- 0.4% and any revascularisation-2.6%) patients respectively at three years follow-up. DST & PST rate was 0.9% and 0.4% respectively in the study cohort. All the cases of stent thrombosis occurred within 30 days. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus, low ejection fraction (EF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), long stents and complex intervention had no impact on occurrence of DOCE & POCE while using BP-SES in all-comer patient population. Conclusion: Present study showed favourable long term safety and efficacy profile of BP-SES for all-comer patients undergoing PCI.
Challenges Related to Extractables/ Leachables During Bioprocessing
Authors: Ourfalian Natalie , Ramani Mahek , Mosallam Grace , Priefer David , Jaipuria Aadya , Priefer Ronny
Published: December 2023

As the production of biologics grows, so does the need to control impurity contamination. Some compounds have the possibility to leach into the products during their manufacturing, hampering their production. The presence of these compounds in the final product may also have dangers to the end user if not removed. These compounds are either simple organic molecules or heavy metals, and are often utilized during production, or are part of the disposable plastics in the processing. Some of the organics can be broken down into toxic materials, while the metals are shown to lead to undesirable effects at higher concentrations. Hence, monitoring their presence and concentrations in the final product is necessary for bioproduction efficiency and ultimately patient safety. This review discusses the most common organic and metallic extractables/leachables found in plastics that are utilized in the synthesis of biologics.
The Expressive Arts in Intimacy Groups with Parents: Processes and Outcomes
Authors: Shechtman Zipora
Published: December 2023

In light of the growing needs of people for mental health services and the limited resources available, the literature calls for moving from individual therapy to group therapy. Parents of challenging children may be considered one such vulnerable population for whom the lack of professional assistance not only affects parents’ mental health and functioning but also that of their children. Group psychotherapy is an efficient and effective solution for parents: Research has concluded that group therapy is equally or more effective compared to individual therapy. Yet, group therapy is not frequently used with parents, mainly because psychologists are not trained to conduct such groups. Parent groups require therapists who understand parent-child relationship and who are trained in special methods and techniques that help parents engage in the group process. The aim of this paper is two–fold: 1. Present a group therapy modality to increase intimacy in parent-child relationships that relies on the creative arts; 2. Provide outcome and process research based on four large studies, to support the validity of the intervention.
Measuring Diabetes Complications, Risk Factors and Capacity for Managing Diabetes: An Initial Step to Improve Diabetes Care at The Primary Health Centre in Tonga
Authors: Win Tin Si Thu , Matoto Veisinia , Na’ati Elisiva , Tomiki Sione , Ofahulu Molimoli , Fangalua Ane , Toli Vasitai
Published: December 2023

Background: The small Pacific Island nation like Tonga has faced a crisis for decades due to premature loss of lives and disabilities due to diabetes. However, there is limited peer-reviewed literatures on the rates of diabetes complications and capacity for providing quality diabetes care in Tonga. The lack of adequate information in local context triggers significant challenges to make informed decision, proper planning, and effective implementation to improve diabetes care. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetes complications and associated risk factors among people with diabetes, and the capacity for managing diabetes as an initial step towards strengthening diabetes care at the primary health care setting in Tonga. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 207 people with diabetes from the primary health care centre in Tonga. People with diabetes were screened by qualified health professional using a standardised protocol, and the capacity of diabetes care was assessed by a standardised assessment form. Results: Of the 207 people with diabetes aged between 20 and 80 years screened for diabetes related complications, 135 (74%) had family history of diabetes, 57 (28%) female subjects had history of gestational diabetes, and 28 (14%) subjects were current smokers. The prevalence of overweight was 51%, obese was 38% and hypertension was 44%. The percentage of subjects with high cholesterol was 42%. HbA1c was measured and subjects with good, poor, and very poor blood glucose control were 15%, 49% and 36% respectively. The percentage of people with diabetes who had retinopathy was 18% and who were at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer was 14%. This study also found that people with diabetes did not attend regular follow-up visits at the health care centre and the capacity to provide quality diabetes care services is limited. Conclusion: This study highlighted the urgent need to improve the quality and accessibility of diabetes care to reduce diabetes complications. The findings also provided a timely reminder to government and development partners to invest additional resources to effectively manage diabetes at the primary health care level. Tonga will require to strengthen a resilient health system to improve screening for early detecting of diabetes complications and enhance management services at the primary health care setting.
Metadichol-Induced Differentiation of Pancreatic Ductal Cells (PANC-1) into Insulin-Producing Cells
Authors: Raghavan Palayakotai
Published: December 2023

Endocrine gene expression in PANC-1, a type of pancreatic cancer cell, has been studied in the context of their potential to be reprogrammed toward a normal, differentiated state. Alkaline phosphatase activity has also been shown in pluripotent stem cells to differentiate between feeder and parental cells in reprogramming experiments. Metadichol®-based cell program­ming holds promise as a versatile and potentially safer approach for manipulating cellular behavior without the use of viral vectors, gating, or CRISPR. Using qRT‒PCR the results show multifold increase in the gene expression of CA9, GCG, INS MAFA, NEUROD1, NGN3, NKX2-2, PAX6: PDX1, SLC2A2, FOXO1, and SIRT1. ALP levels increased and this activity is often used to distinguish stem cells from feeder cells as well as from parental cells in reprogramming experiments. Pluripotency was confirmed by the presence of islet-like structures on day eight. Metadichol exhibits anticancer activity with a CC50 value of 5.50 µg/ml compared to standard doxorubicin with a CC50 value of 10.28 µg/ml. At 100 ug/ml Metadichol is 82% cytotoxic.in a MTT assay Anti-tumor gene Klotho’s expression was increased 70fold on day eight. All the genes seen expressed regulate endocrine cell development in the pancreas and are involved in insulin and glucagon secretion. Gene network analysis is presented to show how Metadichol induced expression leads to a closed loop feedback network and biological process that would help in mitigating diabetes and other related disorders.
A Cross Sectional Study Comparing the Frequency and Motivations for Cannabis Use in College Students with and Without an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Millin Paula , Klace Flynn , Krieg Dana
Published: December 2023

The therapeutic effects of cannabis and its derivatives have been well established for a narrow number of conditions, including syndrome-related seizures, cancer-related nausea, and AIDS-related anorexia. Research progress in the United States has been slowed by restrictions related to cannabis’ status as a highly controlled substance. Despite the sluggish pace of empirical research, there is a high level of interest among both scientists and patients regarding cannabis’ possible efficacy for a much wider range of diseases and conditions. Studies indicate that many people are self-medicating with cannabis for both physical and psychological ailments. New evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be beneficial to those who have an autoimmune disease; this may be due to cannabis’ modulatory effects on the immune system. The current study, in an attempt to determine if college students with autoimmune diseases are self-medicating their symptoms with cannabis, surveyed students (5.8% of whom reported a diagnosed autoimmune disease) about their frequency, route of administration, and motivations for cannabis use. Independent samples t-tests and chi-squared tests revealed that while those with an autoimmune disease were significantly more likely to report having used cannabis in the past 30 days than their peers without an autoimmune disease, the frequency of use in the past 30 days did not differ. Participants with autoimmune disease were significantly more likely to endorse therapeutic motives for cannabis consumption, including pain and nausea control and to improve sleep and appetite. This study is one of the first to investigate self-medication motives for cannabis use in young adults with an autoimmune disease. Potential mechanisms, as well as benefits and drawbacks of cannabis use as medicine in this population are discussed.
Comparison of long‑term efficacy and revision rate of a valve mechanism without an antisiphon versus a valve mechanism with an incorporated antisiphon in pediatric patients: presentation of data of a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Panagopoulos Dimitrios , Stranjalis Georgios , Boviatsis Efstathios , Gavra Maro , Korfias Stefanos
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Hydrocephalus remains the most frequently encountered pathological entity that is referred to pediatric neurosurgeons. The implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt constitutes the most commonly used treatment modality to manage this entity. The purpose of our study was centered on the comparison of two different adjustable shunt systems, namely Codman Medos-Hakim and pro-GAV 2.0 (without and with anti-siphon device respectively), on the basis of their long-term need for a revision, due to obstruction (malfunction). Methods: Seven hundred and seventy-eight patients undergoing primary shunt implantation between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed for 1-year revision rate, as well as 5-year revision rate, observing patient age, sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, and underlying cause of revision. Results: All aforementioned data were recorded to all of the participants of our survey. The female patients that were included were 202, whereas their male counterparts were 248. The total number of patients that underwent revision after primary shunt implantation were 113, regardless of the type of the initial valve mechanism. Overall, 99 patients underwent revision surgery after primary implantation. Pro-GAV valve was implanted in 311 patients, and pro-GAV 2.0 valves were implanted in 139 patients. Our preliminary results suggest that there was a significant difference between the two shunt valves concerning 1-year revision rate, as well as 5-year revision-free survival. Most notably, the statistical difference between the two valve systems was more pronounced when the comparison was based on the long-term functionality (5year survival) of the different valve systems. Conclusion: Based on the parameters that were compared to our patient population, it seems that the long-term efficacy of the Pro-GAV 2.0 valve system is superior to the corresponding long -term functionality of the Medos-Hakim valvular system. Based on the fact that the main differentiating factor between these two shunt systems is based on the presence or no of an anti-siphon device, we could support the hypothesis that the incorporation of an anti-siphon device increases the revision-free survival of any shunt system. According to the target variables we analyzed there is a significant difference between the two shunt valves.
Investigating the Impact of Self-Criticism and Self-Reassurance on the Experience of Distress People with Traumatic Brain Injuries
Authors: Jackson Cerian , White Ross , Jackson Howard , Moore Perry
Published: December 2023

Objective: To examine whether psychological processes involved in self-appraisal and responses to aversive internal experiences are significant factors in understanding the levels of distress experienced by people following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Participants: One hundred and fifteen people with TBI completed a set of questionnaires. Design: A cross-sectional/observational design employing a multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Main Measures: Emotional distress as measured by Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 item (DASS-21); self-criticism and self-reassurance as measured by Forms of Self-Criticism/Attacking and Self-Reassurance Scale (FSCRS); psychological inflexibility as measured by Flexibility of Responses to Self-Critical Thoughts (FoReST). Result: Self-criticism, self-reassurance and psychological inflexibility explained an additional 30% of variance in emotional distress beyond demographic, clinical and injury-related factors, with only self-criticism making a significant independent contribution. Exploratory moderation analysis revealed that there was no significant effect on emotional distress when considering the interaction between self-criticism with self-reassurance and psychological inflexibility. Conclusion: While emotional distress is common following TBI, there remains no demographic, clinical or injury-related factors that have demonstrated consistent associations with the level of emotional distress experienced. The present study demonstrates that psychological factors, relating to personal evaluations, explains considerable variance in emotional distress beyond demographic and injury-related factors. These processes may help identify those at risk of poorer emotional outcomes following TBI, and targeting these processes via psychological interventions may improve emotional wellbeing in these people.
The role of biomarkers to increase the detection of early-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Waddell Oliver , Frizelle Frank , Keenan Jacqueline
Published: December 2023

Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide with an estimated 1.93 million cases diagnosed in 2020. Over the past few decades there has been a dramatic rise in the incidence of early onset colorectal cancer, defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed in those aged under 50 years. The largest predictor of survival is early stage at diagnosis, therefore ways to improve prompt diagnosis of early onset colorectal cancer at an early stage is an effective way of managing the impact of this rising disease. Diagnosing colorectal cancer in younger patients has unique challenges with patients falling outside the age of most screening programs and early symptoms of colorectal cancer being common, non-specific and initially intermittent. While colonoscopy remains the gold standard investigation, it is a limited and expensive resource, and current patterns of practice result in large numbers of patients being scoped unnecessarily. The development and use of new and novel non-invasive biomarkers may help (either alone or in combination) identify either symptomatic patients in primary care, or aid with screening asymptomatic patients to focus resources where they are needed most. This review discusses challenges around diagnosing early onset colorectal cancer, with an overview of both current and future methods that might help overcome these challenges. These include increased assessment of familial risk, and the measurement of different biomarkers including faecal haemoglobin, markers of inflammation, gut microbiota, and selected metabolites.
Lack of Trust in Public Health as seen in Rejection of Face Masks
Authors: Dykhuizen Daniel
Published: December 2023

Public health is a communal enterprise, for the benefit of the community, not for any one individual. So public health needs to be funded communally, usually by the government, and can require the participation of all. One of the responsibilities of public health is to control epidemics. For this it needs to have a public that supports its required standard procedures. Control of epidemics are a particular problem because they are caused by living organisms, which can increase exponentially. Time is of the essence when confronting a potential epidemic as is war when attacked by a foreign power. The government should organize epidemic response as it does a military response. To maintain trust in public health, I suggest that public health should establish clinics to promote the good health of the population, particularly clinics concerned with the health of babies and their mothers and clinics concerned with the maintenance of health of individuals with chronic health problems.
Histopathological Spectrum of Cutaneous Lymphomas
Authors: Singh Aminder
Published: December 2023

Background: Cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas that are characterized by a cutaneous infiltration of malignant monoclonal lymphocytes. Less frequently, these lymphomas spread from the skin to the blood or a lymph node. The incidence of primary cutaneous lymphoma has been estimated to be 1:100,000 according to the World Health Organization. Usually, these lymphomas affect adults with a median age of 50 to 60 years. T-cell lymphomas predominate over primary B-cell lymphomas of the skin. The most important subtypes of cutaneous T cell lymphomas are Mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, and primary cutaneous peripheral T cell lymphomas not otherwise specified. These subtypes present different clinical, histological, and molecular features, and can follow an indolent or a very aggressive course. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze cutaneous lymphomas to ascertain its clinical aspects including prevalence, histopathology and immune profile. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of skin biopsies over a 7-year period ranging from 2016 to 2022 was done, of which 11 cases were diagnosed as cutaneous lymphomas. These cases were analyzed in detail including immune profile. Results & conclusions: The majority of the cases out of all cutaneous lymphomas were of T cell lymphoma and only one case was of B cell type. Definitive diagnosis of CTCL requires a multidisciplinary approach.
A Machine Learning Approach to Classify Exercise Limitation Severity Using Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing - Development and Validation
Authors: Inbar Or , Inbar Omri , Reuveny R. , Segel M. , Greenspan H. , Scheinowitz M.
Published: December 2023

Background: There is no agreement on the best strategy for interpreting/ analyzing cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using computer-aided algorithms to evaluate CPET data to identify the exercise limitation/ intolerance level. Methods: This study used 206 retrospective CPET files from the Pulmonary Institute and the Cardiology Rehabilitation Center at the Sheba Medical Center and 50 from the exercise physiology laboratory at the Washington-Hill College, both in Israel. Eighty patients with confirmed primary cardiovascular-related exercise limitation, seventy-six with ventilatory-related exercise limitation, and fifty healthy (none or very mild exercise restraints) subjects comprised the pool of examined CPET data. Support Vector Machine (SVM) Learning was performed on 150 (50 in each group) of the 206 CPETs, while model validation was performed on the remaining 56 CPET files. By applying the K-means clustering method, distribution analysis was used to compare the SVM interpretive module's performance to that of senior cardiologists, pulmonologists, and expert exercise physiologists. Results: Overall, the proposed interpretive model has a predictive power of between 78% and 100%, as shown by its ability to correctly classify the degree of exercise limitation. Conclusions: The proposed machine-learning CPET interpretive module was highly sensitive and specific in identifying patients with mild, moderate, or severe cardiovascular- or ventilatory-related exercise limitations/ intolerance. Comparable modules may be applied to additional (kinds of exercise limitations) and larger populations, making this tool powerful and clinically applicable.
A review of HLA matching to improve clinical outcome in bone marrow transplants and the role of haplotyping in unrelated donor transplants
Authors: Tait Brian
Published: December 2023

When the first allogeneic bone marrow transplants in humans was attempted, little was known of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) and its role in ensuring success of the graft. Therefore, many of the early attempts resulted in failure. During the 1970s just a small number of alleles were detected serologically and the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) served as a surrogate for class II matching, the DR series of alleles not being formally serologically defined until 1978. Nevertheless, selection of nuclear family members who were two HLA haplotype matched became possible using serology and the MLR and transplant successes were reported. The breakthrough in technology was undoubtedly the introduction of DNA techniques, particularly DNA sequencing. This enabled fully matched unrelated individuals to be found as potential bone marrow donors. Genetic phasing or haplotyping of unrelated donors who are found on bone marrow registries has remained elusive until recently. The development of individual chromosome sequencing will permit haplotype matching in the absence of family studies and will expedite studies aimed at identifying other genes which are important matching factors. AIM: The aim of this review is to outline the technological advances that have been made in HLA genotyping over the last 50 years. The progress from serology to DNA sequence as part of the matching algorithm is one of the reasons clinical results have improved so much during this period. This review outlines the DNA techniques that have been utilised for this purpose, concluding with a discussion of the value of haplotype matching in unrelated donor transplants, where the donor has been sourced from a bone marrow registry. Haplotype matching represents one of the last remaining hurdles to be overcome in unrelated donor bone marrow transplants.
Impact of abusive screen use on childhood neurodevelopment
Authors: Benito Nerea , Palao Lucia , Valero Rosa
Published: December 2023

The use of technology has been widely studied as an influential factor in children's learning and development; however, the neurodevelopment of early childhood goes through critical periods that are very sensitive to technological overexposure. The literature reviewed links their early and abusive use with difficulties and negative consequences on executive functioning, as well as on cognitive, linguistic, and socio-emotional areas. Consequently, a systematic review of 14 articles is presented, prepared under the PRISMA guidelines, to understand the impact of the abusive use of screens on neurotypical neurodevelopment between 0 and 12 years, especially on executive functioning. The results find significant relationships between exposure to screens and lower executive performance from 14 months to 9 years of age, especially on inhibitory control. There is a negative impact immediately, in the short and long term. Likewise, other exposure variables that affect executive performance have been identified. More experimental studies are needed to support the causality and directionality of the findings, as well as quantitative instruments that allow real-time exposure to screens to be measured more objectively.
Skin Problems due to Treatment with Diabetes Technology: A Narrative Review
Authors: Berg Anna , Zachariae Claus , Nørgaard Kirsten , Svensson Jannet
Published: December 2023

Diabetes devices, such as insulin pumps, glucose sensors, and integrated automated insulin delivery systems, have brought about a transformative impact on the management of diabetes. This impact has been particularly significant for individuals with type 1 diabetes and increasingly for those with type 2 diabetes. These devices are designed for continuous wear, necessitating the consistent use of infusion sets, patch pumps, or glucose sensors that are inserted into the skin. Regrettably, numerous studies have highlighted that skin-related issues stemming from diabetes devices are rather common. These problems encompass various forms of skin injury, allergic and irritative contact dermatitis, itching, wound formation, scarring, and lipodystrophies. The utilization of diabetes devices, both in the present and the foreseeable future, faces significant challenges due to these skin complications, but preventive strategies exist for especially skin injuries including use of a skin care regimen or patches. These challenges culminate not only in the discontinuation of device usage but also in decrease in quality of life and heavier disease burden. This narrative literature review comprehensively synthesizes existing knowledge about skin problems triggered by diabetes devices, encompassing children, adolescents, and adults. The review delves into definitions, underlying causes, prevention strategies, and treatment approaches. Finally, the review provides recommendations for future research directions in skin problems and suggestions for advancement of in the part of diabetes devices in close contact with the skin to reduce device-related skin problems.
Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis Syndrome: A Concise Synopsis from the Ophthalmologist’s Perspective
Authors: Tyradellis Straton , Tsokolas Georgios
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to provide a concise synopsis of Horizontal Gaze Palsy and Progressive Scoliosis syndrome and give the ophthalmologist’s perspective. Horizontal Gaze Palsy and Progressive Scoliosis is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition. It has been described in both consanguineous and non-consanguineous families. It is caused by mutations in the round-about guidance receptor 3 (ROBO3) gene. Based on our literature review, to date, roughly 100 patients with this rare syndrome and 55 round-about guidance receptor 3 gene mutations have been reported. The age of onset of symptoms varies from 2 months up to 60 years, but usually start in early childhood. Musculoskeletal symptoms include scoliosis and difficulties with posturing. Mental retardation and global developmental delay may also ensue. Ophthalmological manifestations include convergent squint, pendular nystagmus and horizontal gaze palsy. Vertical and convergence eye movements are preserved. Lid position, pupillary reflexes and fundus examination are usually normal as well. Brain neuroimaging reveals striking radiological findings, including brainstem hypoplasia with an anterior and dorsal pontine cleft and a butterfly shaped medulla and absence of the normal promontories of the facial colliculi. To date, there is no definitive treatment of this condition. Convergent squint can be corrected with prisms or surgery. Spectacles are used to correct any significant refractive error. Patching or atropine drops can be used for the treatment of amblyopia. This rare syndrome is a systemic condition that requires a multidisciplinary team to treat the patients with a holistic approach, address their needs and alleviate the emotional burden. It should always be included in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with skeletal anomalies and ocular motility disorders.
Carboxyhemoglobin Particle Infusion, but not Carbon Monoxide Inhalation ameliorates Myocardial Infarction via Attenuated Oxidative Stress and In Situ Inflammation in a Rat Model
Authors: Kawaguchi Akira , Tanaka Tatsuhide , Yamano Mariko , Sumiyoshi Hideaki , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Yamada Yoshiyuki , Kawaguchi Gen , Bergsland Jacob
Published: December 2023

Objective: Effects of PEGylated-carboxyhemoglobin bovine (SG) infusion and carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation were compared in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Lewis rats with induced MI received either 10 mL/kg of SG or of saline (SL), or 400 ppm CO inhalation (CO) daily for 3 days, 4 doses in total. On the fourth day, all animals had left ventricular (LV) functions studied by pressure-volume relationship analyses or in-situ myocardial gene expression by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). Results: Both SG infusion and CO inhalation increased the arterial carboxyhemoglobin fraction to 10%, which decreased the total O2 content by 10% for 3 hours before returning to control level, except for the plasma hemoglobin (Hb) over 200 mg/dL 24 hours later, in SG rats. Four days after MI, the SL and CO rats had enhanced cardiac contraction and relaxation, while the SG rats had LV end-systolic pressure, and the isovolumic contraction as well as relaxation remained suppressed at the post-MI levels. PCR showed significant reductions in in-situ antioxidant transcriptional master regulator (Nrf2), its down-stream antioxidant response genes (Nqo-1), hypoxic signal transduction in SG compared to SL or CO rats with enhanced pro-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic genes, and myocardial damage. These cardiac indices were reversed 4 weeks after MI, when SG had less LV dilatation, dysfunction, and myoglobin loss than those with SL or CO. Conclusion: The results suggest that repeated SG infusion, but not CO inhalation, generates less oxidative stress, reduces hypoxic responses, supports early hemodynamics, and alleviates cardiac compensation early after MI, resulting in attenuated LV dilatation, dysfunction, and myoglobin loss late after MI in this rat model.