bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Sustainability Concept of Urban Food Production from a Stakeholders’ Perspective
Authors: Sanyé-Mengual Esther , Orsini Francesco , Gianquinto Giorgio
Published: June 2018

Urban Food Production (UFP) initiatives are expanding worldwide to enhance urban food production while contributing to the development of sustainable cities in a three-bottom perspective (environment, society, economy). Although the sustainability aspects of UFS have been addressed in the literature, there is a need to set a sustainability framework for UFP based on the concepts and the understanding of the stakeholders as a basis for quantifying their sustainability and for developing effective policy-making. This paper evaluates the concepts of the UFP sustainability from a stakeholders’ perspective through participatory methods and network analyses. Two different workshops were organized in the city of Bologna (Italy), where mind-mapping exercises to define the environmental, economic and social sustainability elements of UFP were performed. This bottom-up approach unveiled a comprehensive and complex vision of sustainable UFP, the relevance of certain sustainability elements and key aspects to take into consideration for the development of UFP and effective policy-making. The existence of bidimensional and tridimensional concepts indicated priorities, synergies and trade-offs among the dimensions of sustainability. The multi-scalar nature of UFP suggested that specific policies can be supported by global schemes (e.g., Sustainable Development Goals) and that UFP can be a local tool for democracy and equity at lower scales.
Development of Climate-Based Index for Hydrologic Hazard Susceptibility
Authors: Nashwan Mohamed , Shahid Shamsuddin , Chung Eun-Sung , Ahmed Kamal , Song Young
Published: June 2018

An index has been developed for the assessment of geographical distribution of susceptibility to hydrological hazards using easily available climate data. Catastrophe fuzzy theory and data clustering methods were used to avoid subjectivity in the estimation of the index of multiple climate indicators. The proposed index was used for the estimation of geographical distribution of hydrological hazard susceptibility index (HHSI) in Peninsular Malaysia using gauge-based, gridded rainfall and temperature data for the period 1948–2010. The results showed that the northeast regions of Peninsular Malaysia are more susceptible to hydrological hazard, which matches very well with the general conception of the hydrological hazard susceptible zones. Assessment of susceptibility for sliding different 30-year periods between 1950 and 2010 revealed that HHSI has increased in the south and decreased in the northeast of the peninsula. The decrease in temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the northeast and the increase in other parts can become the causes of spatial changes in hazard susceptibility. The changes of HHSI in recent years compared to the base period revealed the increase of hazard susceptibility in the south in the range of 8.81% to 21.01%, while a significant decrease (>−31.84%) was observed in the northeast.
Assessment of the Acute and Subchronic Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Sideritis scardica Griseb. Extracts
Authors: Feistel Björn , Wegener Tankred , Rzymski Piotr , Pischel Ivo
Published: June 2018

Sideritis scardica Griseb. has a long history of collection from the wild as a traditional remedy for respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints. It has also been investigated for its promising pharmacological activities in the central nervous system. However, its toxicological data is entirely missing. This study investigated the acute and repeated-dose oral toxicity of a S. scardica 20% (v/v) ethanol extract in Sprague Dawley rats, and mutagenicity using the Ames test. No gross pathological abnormalities and no toxicity signs or mortality were detected in animals treated with the dose of 2000 mg/kg bw during 14 days of observation. The tested extract was assigned to category 5 of the GHS. To evaluate a repeated-dose toxicity, an extract has been tested over a 28-day period followed by a 14-day recovery period. No mortality and no changes in body/organ weight or food consumption have been observed. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level of the extract was determined at 1000 mg/kg bw. The results of Ames tests conducted on extracts of different polarity (water; 20% (v/v) ethanol; 50% (v/v) ethanol; n-heptane), were unequivocally negative. The study reveals no toxicity of S. scardica and no concerns for its mutagenic effects, supports its positive safety profile, and confirms the acknowledged traditional medicinal use in human.
Novel Applications of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
Authors: Jhang Jia-Fong , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: June 2018

OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) was first used to treat neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) 30 years ago. Recently, application of BoNT-A in LUTD have become more common since the approval of intravesical BoNT-A injection for patients with both overactive bladders (OAB) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) by regulatory agencies in many countries. Although unlicensed, BoNT-A has been recommended to treat patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) under different guidelines. BoNT-A delivery with liposome-encapsulation and gelation hydrogel intravesical instillation provided a potentially less invasive and more convenient form of application for patients with OAB or IC/BPS. BoNT-A injections into the urethral sphincter for spinal cord injury patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia have been used for a long time. New evidence revealed that it could also be applied to patients with non-neurogenic dysfunctional voiding. Previous studies and meta-analyses suggest that BoNT-A injections for patients with benign prostate hyperplasia do not have a better therapeutic effect than placebo. However, new randomized and placebo-controlled trials revealed intraprostatic BoNT-A injection is superior to placebo in specific patients. A recent trial also showed intraprostatic BoNT-A injection could significantly reduce pain in patients with chronic prostatitis. Both careful selection of patients and prudent use of urodynamic evaluation results to confirm diagnoses are essential for successful outcomes of BoNT-A treatment for LUTD.
Role of T-Helper 9 Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C-Infected Patients
Authors: Ali Mohamed , El-Badawy Omnia , Afifi Noha , Eldin Abeer , Hassan Elham , Halby Hamada , El-Mokhtar Mohamed
Published: June 2018

Hepatitis C virus is a hepatotropic virus that is transmitted parenterally. Viral infections are usually associated with modulations of the immune cells, leading to enhanced viral survival and spreading, and accordingly, life-threatening complications. Recently, it has been proposed that a new subset of T-helper, named T-helper 9, is involved in the pathogenesis of different immunopathological conditions, such as allergies, tumors, and viral infections. Some studies reported a protective role, and others described a pathogenic potential for the T-helper 9 cells. Here, we present evidence that T-helper 9 cells are dynamically increased with increasing the pathogenic strategy for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Furthermore, viral clearance is associated with a decrease in T-helper 9. The increase in T-helper 9 was paralleled with an increase in its receptor expression. Taken together, our data suggest that T-helper 9 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCV, and is directly associated with HCV-related complications.
Cloud-Model-Based Method for Risk Assessment of Mountain Torrent Disasters
Authors: Yang Shengmei , Han Xianquan , Cao Bo , Li Bo , Yan Fei
Published: June 2018

Mountain torrent disasters are common natural hazards that occur in mountainous terrains. The risk assessment of mountain torrent disasters entails a multi-criteria decision-making process and involves a transformation between qualitative and quantitative uncertainties. By incorporating probability statistics and fuzzy set theories, cloud model derived from information science, can aid the required transformation between the qualitative concepts and quantitative data. A cloud model-based approach has thus been proposed for practical risk assessment of mountain torrent disasters. The hybrid weighting method comprising the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy was employed for determining the weights of the indicators in the multi-criteria decision-making process. The degree of certainty associated with a particular risk level can be calculated through repeated assessments by employing the normal cloud model. The proposed approach was validated by comparing with the actual situation. The obtained results demonstrate that the cloud-model-based method is capable of indicating the risk level of mountain torrent disasters, as well as signifying the relative probability of risk at the same level. The proposed study provides guidelines for future risk management of basin floods and extends the scope of present risk-evaluation methods. Thus, the proposed study can be helpful in the precaution of mountain torrent hazards.
Adsorption Characteristics of Several Bioretention-Modified Fillers for Phosphorus
Authors: Zhang Binhong , Li Jiake , Li Yajiao , Li Huaien
Published: June 2018

To optimize the bioretention mixed fillers with better removal of phosphorus, this paper studies the adsorption characteristics of single filler and modified mixed filler through static adsorption experiments, and adopts the dynamical mini-column experiments to examine the adsorption capacities of the soil and modified mixed fillers. Results show that, in the static adsorption experiments, both water treatment residual (WTR) and fly ash exhibit good adsorption capacity when used as a single filler and modifier. Adsorption capacity increases with increasing WTR and fly ash dosage in the mixed filler. The modified mixed filler with WTR exerts a clear effect in the dynamic adsorption experiment, which is unsaturated when influent phosphorus concentration is 1 mg/L and inflow amount is equivalent to 15 years of precipitation. The adsorption capacity of WTR is 3.5–4.5 times that of other mixed fillers. Fly ash as a modifier shows a poor dynamic adsorption effect and thus must be continuously studied. In this study, WTR is recommended as a bioretention phosphorus removal additive. In engineering applications, the amount of WTR added can be controlled within 5–10% (by mass) according to influent phosphorus concentration.
Assessing Vegetation Response to Soil Moisture Fluctuation under Extreme Drought Using Sentinel-2
Authors: West Harry , Quinn Nevil , Horswell Michael , White Paul
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which Sentinel-2 Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) reflects soil moisture conditions, and whether this product offers an improvement over Landsat-8. Based on drought exposure, cloud-free imagery availability, and measured soil moisture, five sites in the Southwestern United States were selected. These sites, normally dry to arid, were in various states of drought. A secondary focus was therefore the performance of the NDVI under extreme conditions. Following supervised classification, the NDVI values for one-kilometre radius areas were calculated. Sentinel-2 NDVI variants using Spectral Bands 8 (10 m spatial resolution), 5, 6, 7, and 8A (20 m spatial resolution) were calculated. Landsat-8 NDVI was calculated at 30 m spatial resolution. Pearson correlation analysis was undertaken for NDVI against moisture at various depths. To assess the difference in correlation strength, a principal component analysis was performed on the combination of all bands and the combination of the new red-edge bands. Performance of the red-edge NDVI against the standard near infrared (NIR) was then evaluated using a Steiger comparison. No significant correlations between Landsat-8 NDVI and soil moisture were found. Significant correlations at depths of less than 30 cm were present between Sentinel-2 NDVI and soil moisture at three sites. The remaining two sites were characterised by low vegetation cover, suggesting a cover threshold of approximately 30–40% is required for a correlation to be present. At all sites of significant positive moisture to NDVI correlation, the linear combination of the red-edge bands produced stronger correlations than the poorer spectral but higher spatial resolution band. NDVI calculated using the higher spectral resolution bands may therefore be of greater use in this context than the higher spatial resolution option. Results suggest potential for the application of Sentinel-2 NDVI in soil moisture monitoring, even in extreme environments. To the best of our knowledge, this paper represents the first study of this kind using Sentinel-2.
Long-Term Shoreline Displacements and Coastal Morphodynamic Pattern of North Rhodes Island, Greece
Authors: Gad Fragkiska-Karmela , Hatiris Giorgos-Angelos , Loukaidi Vassiliki , Dimitriadou Stavroula , Drakopoulou Paraskevi , Sioulas Andreas , Kapsimalis Vasilios
Published: June 2018

Shoreline evolution and seabed morphology changes depend on coastal geomorphology as well as hydrodynamics of the nearshore region. Τhis study investigates the morphological evolution of the northernmost headland of Rhodes Island, Greece, using a method that combines historical shoreline evolution analysis and numerical modelling of coastal processes. The satellite and aerial imagery analysis under a GIS platform reveals that, since 1982, the overall surface area of the backshore has slightly increased, though in shorter period times, large variations have been identified. The part of the beach that is most prone to extreme changes is the spit-like formation at the tip of the headland. Wind-generated waves and induced currents are the main forcing factors that affect the shape and orientation of the spit-like beach. This spit-like morphology changes seasonally due to variations in the dominant wave regime. West sector waves cause sediment deposition at the eastern sector of the spit-like formation, whereas strong southeast wave events during the winter favor accretion at the west sector, inducing an asymmetrical shape. Thus, the analysis results indicate an annual balance in sediment transport.
GROUP-TACIT KNOWLEDGE AND ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS USING A MIXED METHOD APPROACH
Authors: Ibidunni Ayodotun Stephen , Olokundun Maxwell Ayodele , Motilewa Deborah Bolanle , Atolagbe Tolulope Morenike , Osibanjo Omotayo Adewale
Published: June 2018

Considering that most part of organisational operations depend on group effectiveness, yet there is scarcely any empirical study on the interactions between group-tacit knowledge and organisational effectiveness. In order to overcome this gap, this study involves a survey of 230 managers and other administrative & technical employees of the four major firm in the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) sub-market of Nigeria’s telecommunications industry. Data was gathered using a mixed method research approach. Correlation, Regression, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics and thematic analysis was carried out as means of testing the hypothesis for this research study. The findings showed that firms need to focus keenly on ideas of employees that are shared during conferences, team leaders’ mentoring role, collective reasoning over task and constantly hold strategic meetings that probe into developments arising in each functional unit of the organisation. These factors are shown to have a strong influence on organisational effectiveness.
Cloud-scale Molecular Gas Properties in 15 Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Sun 孙嘉 Jiayi 懿 , Leroy Adam K. , Schruba Andreas , Rosolowsky Erik , Hughes Annie , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Meidt Sharon , Schinnerer Eva , Blanc Guillermo A. , Bigiel Frank , Bolatto Alberto D. , Chevance Mélanie , Groves Brent , Herrera Cinthya N. , Hygate Alexander P. S. , Pety Jérôme , Querejeta Miguel , Usero Antonio , Utomo Dyas
Published: June 2018

We measure the velocity dispersion, σ, and surface density, Σ, of the molecular gas in nearby galaxies from CO spectral line cubes with spatial resolution 45–120 pc, matched to the size of individual giant molecular clouds. Combining 11 galaxies from the PHANGS-ALMA survey with four targets from the literature, we characterize ∼30,000 independent sightlines where CO is detected at good significance. Σ and σ show a strong positive correlation, with the best-fit power-law slope close to the expected value for resolved, self-gravitating clouds. This indicates only a weak variation in the virial parameter α
vir ∝ σ
2/Σ, which is ∼1.5–3.0 for most galaxies. We do, however, observe enormous variation in the internal turbulent pressure P
turb ∝ Σσ
2, which spans ∼5 dex across our sample. We find Σ, σ, and P
turb to be systematically larger in more massive galaxies. The same quantities appear enhanced in the central kiloparsec of strongly barred galaxies relative to their disks. Based on sensitive maps of M31 and M33, the slope of the σ–Σ relation flattens at Σ ≲ 10 M
⊙ pc−2, leading to high σ for a given Σ and high apparent α
vir. This echoes results found in the Milky Way and likely originates from a combination of lower beam-filling factors and a stronger influence of local environment on the dynamical state of molecular gas in the low-density regime.
Stochastic Acceleration of ∼0.1–5 keV Pickup Ions in the Heliotail
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Kumar R. , Heerikhuisen J. , McComas D. J. , Galli A.
Published: June 2018

We seek to understand the quantitative role of the dominant physical processes (charge-exchange, adiabatic heating, stochastic acceleration) governing the proton distribution in the heliotail using observations of hydrogen energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX ). We solve the Parker transport equation for solar wind protons and pickup ions (PUIs) as they propagate from the termination shock (TS) down the heliotail, including charge-exchange between protons and neutral hydrogen atoms as source terms derived from an MHD-fluid and kinetic-neutral simulation of the heliosphere. We compute ENA fluxes at 1 au from the results of the proton transport model and compare them with IBEX observations. We find that, under the assumptions of our model, a stochastic acceleration process is needed to counteract the energy-dependent losses of ∼0.1–5 keV PUIs from charge-exchange to reproduce IBEX data. The power-law velocity dependence of the diffusion coefficient (spectral index γ) is limited to the range 0.67 < γ < 2, and the best fit to IBEX data appears close to γ ∼ 1.25. The diffusion rate ∼1.1 × 10−8 km2 s−3 (v/v
0)1.25 nearly balances the loss of ∼0.1–5 keV PUIs by charge-exchange. Our analysis suggests that cyclotron resonance with two widely known incompressible MHD turbulence: namely, isotropic Kolmogorov and anisotropic Goldreich–Sridhar turbulence, as well as stochastic particle interactions with compressive waves are not by themselves the dominant diffusion mechanisms. However, some intermediate processes may be occurring due to the presence of PUIs.
Enhancing the H2O Megamaser Detection Rate Using Optical and Mid-infrared Photometry
Authors: Kuo C. Y. , Constantin A. , Braatz J. A. , Chung H. H. , Witherspoon C. A. , Pesce D. , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Gao F. , Hao Lei , Woo J.-H. , Zaw Ingyin
Published: June 2018

Water megamasers from circumnuclear disks in galaxy centers provide the most accurate measurements of supermassive black hole masses and uniquely probe the subparsec accretion processes. At the same time, these systems offer independent crucial constraints of the Hubble constant in the nearby universe, and thus, the arguably best single constraint on the nature of dark energy. The chances of finding these golden standards are, however, abysmally low, at ≲3% overall for any level of water maser emission detected at 22 GHz and ≲1% for those exhibiting disk-like configuration. We provide here a thorough summary of the current state of detection of water megamaser disks along with a novel investigation of the likelihood of increasing their detection rates based on a multivariate parameter analysis of the optical and mid-infrared (mid-IR) photometric properties of the largest database of galaxies surveyed for 22 GHz emission. We find that galaxies with water megamaser emission tend to be associated with strong emission in all Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR wavelengths, with the strongest enhancement in the W4 band, at 22 μm, as well as with previously proposed and newly found indicators of active galactic nucleus strength in the mid-IR, such as red W1 − W2 and W1 − W4 colors, and the integrated mid-IR luminosity of the host galaxy. These trends offer a potential boost of the megamaser detection rates to 6%–15%, or a factor of 2–8 relative to the current rates, depending on the chosen sample selection criteria, while fostering real chances for discovering ≳20 new megamaser disks.
A Model for Spectral States and Their Transition in Cyg X-1
Authors: Taam Ronald E. , Qiao Erlin , Liu B. F. , Meyer-Hofmeister E.
Published: June 2018

A new accretion picture based on a small disk surrounding a black hole is developed for the wind-fed source Cyg X-1. The hard and soft spectral states of Cyg X-1 are interpreted in terms of co-spatial two-component flows for the innermost region of an accretion disk. The state transitions result from the outward expansion and inward recession of this inner disk for the hard-to-soft and soft-to-hard transition, respectively. The theoretical framework for state transitions in black hole X-ray binaries with high-mass companions involving a change in the inner disk size, thus it differs from systems with low-mass companions involving the change in the outer disk size. This fundamental difference stems from the fact that matter captured and supplied to the black hole in wind-fed systems has low specific angular momentum and is hot essentially heated in the bow and spiral shocks, whereas it has high specific angular momentum and is cool in Roche lobe overflow systems. The existence of a weak cool disk around the ISCO region in the hard state allows for the presence of a relativistically broadened Fe K line. The small disk fed by gas condensation forms without an extensive outer disk, precluding thermal instabilities and large outbursts, resulting in the lack of large amplitude outbursts and hysteresis effects in the light curve of high-mass black hole X-ray binaries. Their relatively persistent X-ray emission is attributed to their wind-fed nature.
The Orbit and Origin of the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Segue 1
Authors: Fritz T. K. , Lokken M. , Kallivayalil N. , Wetzel A. , Linden S. T. , Zivick P. , Tollerud E. J.
Published: June 2018

We present the first proper motion measurement for an ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Segue 1, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Large Binocular Camera (LBC) as the first and second epochs separated by a baseline of ∼10 years. We obtain a motion of μ

α
cos(δ) = −0.37 ± 0.57 mas yr−1 and μ

δ
 = −3.39 ± 0.58 mas yr−1. Combining this with the known line-of-sight velocity, this corresponds to a Galactocentric V
rad = 84 ± 9 and

km s−1. Applying Milky Way halo masses of between 0.8 and 1.6 × 1012
M
⊙ results in an apocenter at

kpc and pericenter at

kpc from the Galactic center, indicating that Segue 1 is rather tightly bound to the Milky Way. Since neither the orbital pole of Segue 1 nor its distance to the Milky Way is similar to the more massive classical dwarfs, it is very unlikely that Segue 1 was once a satellite of a massive known galaxy. Using cosmological zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies, we identify subhalos on similar orbits as Segue 1, which imply the following orbital properties: a median first infall

Gyr ago, a median of four pericentric passages since then, and a pericenter of

kpc. This is slightly larger than the pericenter derived directly from Segue 1 and Milky Way parameters, because galaxies with a small pericenter are more likely to be destroyed. Of the surviving subhalo analogs, only 27% were previously a satellite of a more massive dwarf galaxy (that is now destroyed), thus Segue 1 is more likely to have been accreted on its own.
The Triggering of the 2014 March 29 Filament Eruption
Authors: Woods Magnus M. , Inoue Satoshi , Harra Louise K. , Matthews Sarah A. , Kusano Kanya , Kalmoni Nadine M. E.
Published: June 2018

The X1 flare and associated filament eruption occurring in NOAA Active Region 12017 on SOL2014-03-29 has been a source of intense study. In this work, we analyze the results of a series of nonlinear force-free field extrapolations of the flare’s pre- and post-flare periods. In combination with observational data provided by the IRIS, Hinode, and Solar Dynamics Observatory missions, we have confirmed the existence of two flux ropes present within the active region prior to flaring. Of these two flux ropes, we find that intriguingly only one erupts during the X1 flare. We propose that the reason for this is due to tether cutting reconnection allowing one of the flux ropes to rise to a torus unstable region prior to flaring, thus allowing it to erupt during the subsequent flare.
A Study of Electron Forbush Decreases with a 3D SDE Numerical Model
Authors: Luo Xi , Potgieter Marius S. , Zhang Ming , Feng Xueshang
Published: June 2018

Because of the precise measurements of the cosmic ray electron flux by the PAMELA and AMS02, Electron Forbush decreases (Fds) have recently been observed for the first time. This serves as motivation to perform a numerical study of electron Forbush decreases with an advanced time-dependent, three-dimensional (3D) stochastic differential equation model, developed earlier to study proton Fds. The model includes a realistic interstellar electron spectrum reconstructed from Voyager observations, and diffusion and drift coefficients to reproduce the modulated spectrum observed by PAMELA in 2009. On the basis of this numerical model, electron Fd profiles for a range of rigidities are simulated. In addition, a systematic comparison between electron and proton Fds during different solar polarity epochs is performed. This approach gives insight into the rigidity dependence of the heliospheric diffusion coefficients and of drift effects over two magnetic field polarity cycles. We find that during an A > 0 epoch, the recovery time of a 1 GV proton Fd is remarkably shorter than the 1 GV electrons, whereas the electron Fd display a faster recovery during an A < 0 epoch. This model clear predicts a charge-sign dependent effect in the recovery time of Fds but less so for their magnitude.
Measuring Oxygen Abundances from Stellar Spectra without Oxygen Lines
Authors: Ting 丁源 Yuan-Sen 森 , Conroy Charlie , Rix Hans-Walter , Asplund Martin
Published: June 2018

Oxygen is the most abundant “metal” element in stars and in the cosmos. But determining oxygen abundances in stars has proven challenging, because of the shortage of detectable atomic oxygen lines in their optical spectra as well as observational and theoretical complications with these lines (e.g., blends, three-dimensional, non-LTE). Nonetheless, Ting et al. were recently able to demonstrate that oxygen abundances can be determined from low-resolution (R ≃ 2000) optical spectra. Here, we investigate the physical processes that enable such a measurement for cool stars, such as K-giants. We show that the strongest spectral diagnostics of oxygen come from the CNO atomic-molecular network but are manifested in spectral features that do not involve oxygen. In the outer atmosphere layers, most of the carbon is locked up in CO, and changes to the oxygen abundance directly affect the abundances of all other carbon-bearing molecules, thereby changing the strength of CH, CN, and C2 features across the optical spectrum. In deeper atmosphere layers, most of the carbon is in atomic form, and any change in the oxygen abundance has little effect on the other carbon-bearing molecules. The key physical effect enabling such oxygen abundance measurements is that spectral features in the optical arise from both the CO-dominant and the atomic carbon-dominant regions, providing non-degenerate constraints on both C and O. Beyond the case at hand, the results show that physically sound abundances measurements need not be limited to those elements that have observable lines themselves.
Gouvernance métropolitaine et régimes politiques de frontière
Authors: Mévellec Anne , Chiasson Guy , Gauthier Mario
Published: June 2018

Cet article analyse les relations entre divers paliers de gouvernement dans le contexte de l’agglomération transfrontalière d’Ottawa-Gatineau. Cette région métropolitaine est atypique par rapport aux espaces urbains transfrontaliers qui sont habituellement documentés dans la littérature. Notre analyse cherche à déterminer comment les caractéristiques particulières d’Ottawa-Gatineau (une frontière interprovinciale et un statut de capitale fédérale) se traduisent au niveau des rapports entre les divers paliers de gouvernement. Nous faisons appel à la grille d’analyse développée par Leresche et Saez (1997) qui distingue trois régimes politiques de frontière – le gouvernement ( lime s), la gouvernabilité ( marche) et la gouvernance ( synapse) . En reprenant ces trois catégories, nous montrons comment la construction d’un espace métropolitain transfrontalier à Ottawa-Gatineau est marquée par une trajectoire multiscalaire au cours de laquelle se succèdent le régime de gouvernement (pour la période 1950-2000) et celui de gouvernabilité (depuis 2000). Bien qu’on puisse observer des signes précurseurs d’un régime de gouvernance métropolitaine transfrontalière, plusieurs éléments tendent à montrer que le régime de gouvernabilité perdure.
Anciennes et nouvelles capitales des régions françaises dans les débats autour de la réforme régionale : les enjeux territoriaux dans la prise de décision
Authors: Laporte Antoine , Vergnaud Guillaume
Published: June 2018

La réforme territoriale de 2016 en France entraîne la fusion de certaines régions et, donc, un choix entre anciens chefs-lieux régionaux pour désigner de nouvelles capitales. Ce choix est d’autant moins négligeable que la réforme s’accompagne d’une réorganisation de l’administration. L’ensemble aboutit à la concentration dans un nombre plus restreint de villes des fonctions et services mais promeut cependant des essais timides de polycentrisme à l’intérieur des nouvelles régions, ce qui est innovant par rapport à la tradition d’organisation territoriale française. À partir d’une analyse des débats parlementaires portant sur la réforme, cet article mesure la place de la question des chefs-lieux dans la réforme et interroge les représentations, enjeux et argumentaires ayant sous-tendu le choix des nouvelles capitales. Au cœur d’un débat d’aménagement du territoire classique, celles-ci apparaissent comme des objets de négociations liées à des intérêts locaux mais sont pourtant à l’origine des propositions d’organisations territoriales polycentriques.
L’indice de la franchise : politique économique, concurrence des ports francs et condition des Juifs en Méditerranée à l’époque moderne
Authors: Calafat Guillaume
Published: June 2018

Cet article comparatif s’intéresse aux conditions socio-juridiques et institutionnelles d’accueil et de résidence des Juifs dans plusieurs villes portuaires de Méditerranée à l’époque moderne. Centré tout d’abord sur le port toscan de Livourne, il analyse la nature et le contenu des privilèges octroyés à la fin du xvi e  siècle aux marchands juifs et aux anciens crypto-juifs. Leur négociation permet de revenir sur les justifications politico-économiques, fondées sur la raison d’État et l’affirmation de la souveraineté du Prince, qui légitiment l’accueil des Sépharades dans le port toscan. Les édits livournais des années 1590 sont ensuite rapportés plus largement au « mercantilisme philosémite » du xvi e  siècle, et à la compétition des places portuaires méditerranéennes, de Nice/Villefranche à Ancône et de Venise à Livourne. On souligne ici la précarité des règlements en faveur des Juifs, mais aussi le lien opéré entre la croissance du négoce et l’invitation des Juifs à venir s’installer dans les places portuaires. Le caractère tâtonnant des politiques en la matière devient toutefois un bon indicateur de l’instabilité des environnements institutionnels dédiés aux marchands. Une troisième partie est enfin consacrée à la compétition des « ports francs », à travers la mise en regard des conditions d’accueil fluctuantes des Juifs à Nice/Villefranche, Gênes et Marseille au xvii e  siècle. Cette comparaison permet de montrer que la présence juive, soumise à de nombreux revirements politiques, est moins un ingrédient nécessaire du port franc qu’un révélateur efficace de son environnement institutionnel, plus ou moins favorable et ouvert aux commerçants étrangers.
Local wisdom-oriented problem solving learning model to improve mathematical problem solving ability
Authors: Parwati Ni Nyoman , Sudiarta I Gusti Putu , Mariawan I Made , Widiana I Wayan
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to describe and to test the effect of problem solving learning model oriented toward Balinese local wisdom (PSBLW) and type of mathematics problems (open and closed problems) on the ability to solve mathematics problem of the fifth grade students of elementary in Singaraja. This quasi-experimental research used non-equivalent control group design with pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed with factorial 2x2 analysis of covariance (Anacova). The sample consisted of the fifth grade students of Elementary School with the total of 152 students spread into 4 classes. The sample was selected by cluster random sampling. The data were collected using mathematics problem solving ability test at the 5% significance level (α = 0.05). The statistical analysis was done with the aid of SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The results showed that (1) the ability, may to solve mathematics problems of the students who learned through PSBLW is higher than those who learned through direct instructional model; (2) the students’ability to solve problems facilitated with open mathematics problems was higher than that with closed mathematics problems. The conclusion is local wisdom-oriented problem solving learning model efective to improve mathematical problem solving ability.
Benefits of Health Care Communication Training for Nurses Conducting Bedside Handovers: An Australian Hospital Case Study
Authors: Slade Diana , Pun Jack , Murray Kristen A. , Eggins Suzanne
Published: June 2018

Background:

This study aimed to examine the effects of communication training on nurses' ability to conduct bedside handovers in hospital.

Method:

Of the 26 participating nurses, 13 had recently completed specialized training in bedside handovers using the
C
onnect,
A
sk,
R
espond, and
E
mpathize (CARE) and
P
ast,
P
resent, and
F
uture (PPF) of the patient journey and condition protocols for health care communication. The other 13 nurses did not participate in this training. Researchers videotaped and evaluated these nurses' handover practices using the Bedside Handover Evaluation Form.

Results:

Nurses who had received the specific training in bedside handovers interacted with their patients to a far greater extent, asked more questions, and stated more complete information about their patient's medical journey.

Conclusion:

Nurses who participate in health care communication training on bedside handovers subsequently demonstrate a significantly better ability to lead these clinical interactions. This is evidenced by their articulation of more detailed medical information, their more respectful and multifaceted interactions with patients, and their more inclusive approach to all participants in the handover.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(7):329–336.
Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Open Surgery Versus Arthroscopic Surgery for Chronic Refractory Lateral Epicondylitis of the Elbow
Authors: Kim Doo Sup , Chung Hoe Jeong , Yi Chang-Ho , Kim Seong-Hyeon
Published: June 2018

Numerous surgical options have been introduced for the treatment of chronic refractory lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, but it remains unclear which option is superior. The clinical outcomes of an open surgery group and an arthroscopic surgery group were evaluated, and the results of the 2 procedures were compared. From among patients with lateral epicondylitis refractory to 6 months of conservative treatment, 68 patients satisfying study criteria were recruited. Open surgery was performed in 34 cases (group 1), and arthroscopic surgery was performed in 34 cases (group 2). Compared with preoperatively, the 2 groups had significantly improved values for grip strength, range of motion, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score at 12 months postoperatively. Group 1 had significantly greater improvements in grip strength and visual analog scale pain score compared with group 2 (
P
=.048 vs
P
=.006). Group 2 had significantly greater (
P
=.045) improvement in pronation compared with group 1. Group 2 returned to work sooner than group 1. On the questionnaire regarding satisfaction with surgery 24 months postoperatively, 4 patients (12%) in group 2 reported dissatisfaction compared with no patients in group 1. Open surgery and arthroscopic surgery both yielded good clinical results. Nonetheless, for patients requiring muscle strength or having severe pain at work, open surgery would be more effective. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(4):237–247.]
Medical Malpractice in Orthopedic Surgery: A Westlaw-Based Demographic Analysis
Authors: Rynecki Nicole D. , Coban Daniel , Gantz Owen , Gupta Raghav , Ayyaswami Varun , Prabhu Arpan V. , Ruskin Jeremy , Lin Sheldon S. , Beebe Kathleen S.
Published: June 2018

A recent study that evaluated the risk of facing a malpractice claim by physician specialty found that orthopedic surgeons were at a significantly greater risk of being sued than other medical specialists. To date, no studies have characterized trends in orthopedic surgery malpractice claims. The Westlaw legal database was used to locate state and federal jury verdicts and settlements related to medical malpractice and orthopedic surgery from 2010 to 2016. Eighty-one cases were analyzed. The mean age of the affected patients and/or plaintiffs was 53.4 years. Spine surgery (21 cases; 25.9%), knee surgery (17 cases; 21.0%), and hip surgery (11 cases; 13.6%) were litigated most often. Procedural error (71 cases; 87.7%) and negligence (58 cases; 71.6%) were the 2 most commonly cited reasons for litigation. The jury found in favor of the defendant in most (50 cases; 61.7%) of the cases. The mean plaintiff (17 cases; 21.0%) verdict payout was $3,015,872, and the mean settlement (13 cases; 16.0%) value was $1,570,833. Unnecessary surgery (odds ratio [OR], 12.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91–108.46;
P
=.040) and surgery resulting in death (OR, 26.26; 95% CI, 2.55–497.42;
P
=.040) were significant predictors of a verdict in favor of the plaintiff. Patient death (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.38;
P
=.021) and male patient sex (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.71;
P
=.033) were significant negative predictors of a verdict in favor of the defendant. The jury found in favor of the defendant orthopedic surgeon in most cases. Procedural error and/or negligence were cited most commonly by the plaintiffs as the bases for the claims. Verdicts in favor of the plaintiffs resulted in payouts nearly double those of settlements. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(5):e615–e620.]
La construction de la forme urbaine de Pontoise au Moyen Âge : entre « impensé » et stratégies des élites
Authors: Robert Sandrine
Published: June 2018

À Pontoise, le croisement entre l’analyse du parcellaire du xixe siècle, les données archéologiques et les sources historiques a permis de comprendre le développement de la ville de l’Antiquité au xvie siècle. Des formes remarquables (château et église disparus, enclos ecclésiaux, enceintes, etc.) ont été décelées et une première limite – jusqu’ici inconnue – de la ville fortifiée mise en évidence. La dynamique de développement de nouveaux pôles aux portes de cette enceinte et l’importance des enjeux qui se nouent autour du contrôle des axes de circulation interrégionaux sont apparus particulièrement structurants dans la formation urbaine dès le xie siècle. L’observation multiscalaire montre que la construction de la ville intègre des formes organisées qui sont le résultat d’héritages ou de développements spontanés et des formes que les élites produisent volontairement pour contrôler les centres et les voies de communication. La forme de la ville est à la fois un « impensé » – résultat de stratégies sociales dont l’objectif n’est pas de créer de l’urbain – et la conséquence d’opérations urbanistiques volontaires, mais portant sur des espaces limités.
The wicked and the damned
Authors: Caciola Nancy Mandeville
Published: June 2018

Whereas representatives of the medieval church insisted that possessing spirits were demons or fallen angels, many medieval Italians attributed spirit possession to ghosts. In particular, the untimely dead who had perished through violence were thought to seize the bodies of the possessed in order to re-experience embodiment. Such beliefs had a long genealogy, predating the spread of Christianity. I argue that those elements of culture that persist unchanged over a long period of time are not retained unthinkingly, but are chosen because they serve the needs of the communities that employ them. In this case, belief in ghosts as possessors was an opportunity for several types of healing for the benefit of the victim, the ghost itself, and the whole community.
Corps perdu, corps trouvé
Authors: Sorrentino Paul
Published: June 2018

Hiver 2011, dans le nord du Vietnam. Une conversation se noue difficilement entre un jeune homme et ses frère et sœurs. Il est mort. C’est une séance de possession, et la fratrie tente d’interroger le disparu sur les circonstances de sa mort et la localisation de son corps. La présence fragile du défunt se tisse dans les infimes détails des paroles et dans les silences qui les séparent. À travers ces errements, ce sont aussi les relations entre les vivants qui se rejouent. Car, la famille découvrant avec stupeur que le petit frère ne veut pas que ses os soient déplacés, c’est un autre corps qui sera révélé, bien vivant lui, et porteur d’un secret.
Figurer et mimer les fantômes au xive siècle
Authors: Schmitt Jean-Claude
Published: June 2018

Le mot « fantôme » (latin fantasma, du grec phantasia) désigne dans l’Occident latin le monde des rêves vains, et pas encore des morts apparaissant aux vivants. Ceux-ci n’en sont pas moins figurés dans l’iconographie du xive siècle, comme enrobés dans un linceul qui couvre même leur visage. Cette image concurrence celle du revenant plus charnel, doué d’un semblant de corps. La nouvelle image du fantôme marque une époque charnière – de la « mort apprivoisée » à la « mort de soi » – de la longue histoire des attitudes à l’égard de la mort et des morts.
Artistes, savants, médiums
Authors: Golsenne Thomas
Published: June 2018

Dès qu’une nouvelle technologie apparaît, les artistes et les spirites collaborent pour en faire un instrument d’enregistrement ou de communication post-mortem. Si depuis Alberti (1435), l’art a la prétention de faire revivre les morts, ce mouvement s’est accéléré avec le développement des technologies de télécommunication. Ann Guillaume, Susan Hiller, Joachim Koester, SMITH ou Mathieu Schmitt représentent, chacun à sa manière, la tendance dans l’art d’aujourd’hui à explorer les limites de la science et à rendre visibles les fantômes de la modernité.
Role of Information Technology on Supply Chain Management of Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Saha Saibal Kumar , Jha Ajeya
Published: June 2018

Supply Chain Management SCM is a very critical part of any business. A well-coordinated SCM can improve the efficiency of the business and help in cost reduction. As information technology (IT) is being used widely across all businesses, SCM can benefit to a large extent by the use of IT. This article reviews a number of papers in this field and suggests research gaps for further exploration. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the role of IT on supply chain management (SCM) with special focus on the pharmaceutical industry and suggest possible gaps from the point of view of researchers and practitioners. The article finds that IT has made a significant impact in improving the efficiency of SCM. But its successful implementation and collaboration with other firms is the key to success for an efficient SCM. Within each category, gaps have been identified.
Business Models in Modern Competitive Scenarios
Authors: Rascão José
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the role of information in the process of strategy formulation, based on the aggregation of existing literature. This article is descriptive research, with the goal of identifying and characterizing the role of information in strategic decision making. The structure of the article synthesizes the existing academic work, seeking to generate new knowledge. The strategy of any organization can be defined from the outside to the inside, according to the schools of the positioning, or from the inside out, according to the schools of the movement, in which the organization influences the surroundings with its offer of products and or innovative services, since it has competencies and capabilities that competitors do not have and that are difficult to imitate or to buy. Hence the importance that weak and strong signals play as information of anticipation in the definition of the strategy and so, the goal is to treat the issue of the role of information in the process of formulation of the strategy in the context of strategic decision making. Based on research and practical experiences carried out by the investigator in strategic consulting in small, medium and large companies for about 20 years, the author will propose a model of the role of information in the process of formulating the strategy and its operationalization.
International Management, Differentiating Factors, and its Relation to Culture
Authors: Gökmen Aytaç
Published: June 2018

The world has globalized more than ever today. Companies from different countries compete in the global market place fiercely. The quick development of globalization is referred to various factors involving the immense usage of technology and its accompanying uses in international management. Political developments allow cross-border trade agreements and global competition for increasing numbers of consumers has been improving around the world. Emerging economies are gaining more power, the middle-class consumer profile is growing and the need for enhanced productivity and consumption in developed states instigates their economies. The increasing globally interconnectivity flattens the world. Thus, in the world where the globalization is uniting countries, economies and cultures, the issue of international management has gained much importance. The aim of this article is to review the issue with respect to international management, the effect of culture and make implications regrading to intercultural management resting on comprehensive and credible international publications.
Migration and Educational System in Romania
Authors: Zaharia Marian , Balacescu Aniela
Published: June 2018

Over the past two decades, Romania has had an alarming increase in the number of people who have left Romania to work in other countries, with major implications for most areas of economic and social life. The disparities between the eight development regions have led, on the one hand, to the recording of totally different net migration values and, on the other hand, a deepening disparity between development regions. One of the major areas affected by the phenomenon of migration was and is education, with implications on the level of education of the younger generation. This article examines the existence of stable long-term links between school drop-out and net migration in Romania over the period 2000-2016.