bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Discrimination of Ballpoint Pen Inks by Analytical Techniques and Chemometrics
Authors: Sharif Mehwish , Chand Sohail , Tirmazi Syed Azhar Ali Shah , Farooq Umar , Athar Muhammad Makshoof , Batool Madeeha
Published: August 2022

A population study has been performed for Pakistani ballpoint pen inks of blue, black, red, and green colors (a total of four colors) commercially used in Pakistan. Ballpoint pen inks have been investigated and discriminated by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. We have calculated and compared the results in terms of discriminating power (DP). The statistical techniques of principal component analysis and cluster analysis have been applied on obtained data. By visual comparison, the best DP is obtained for green ballpoint pen inks, i.e., 0.866 by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and FTIR techniques. Black and red ballpoint pen inks showed the highest DPs by using UV/Vis spectroscopy; however, blue ballpoint pen inks got the highest DP by using FTIR spectroscopy. DP has been improved by using chemometric techniques and higher DPs are obtained as compared to visual examination.
A Method for Adjusting the Semantic Acceptability of English Corpora Based on the Kano Model
Authors: Fan Xuyan
Published: August 2022

The Semantic Accessibility Scale (SAS) is one of the criteria for systematically assessing the semantic readability of corpus texts. With the advent of the Internet, English language content has been widely distributed. This constitutes an adequate corpus for corpus research. However, how to assign and evaluate the semantic acceptability of English literary texts with the aid of corpus has become a hot topic of study for academics around the world. In this paper, we propose an analysis method for corpus semantic acceptance based on the Kano model. This method combines the Kano model with corpus semantic acceptance. Initially, the method identifies the initial corpus semantic acceptance demand items using the initial corpus semantic acceptance identification questionnaire. The Kano categories of each requirement item are then identified and filtered based on the second Kano questionnaire. In this paper, we propose a Kano-based method for corpus semantic acceptance requirement analysis and apply Kano theory to corpus semantic acceptance requirement analysis. First, the corpus semantic acceptance requirements are classified into corresponding Kano categories and filtered using a Kano survey; second, the initial weights of the corpus semantic acceptance requirements are determined using the coarse number method; and finally, the initial weights of the requirements are adjusted using the corresponding Kano adjustment coefficients to obtain the final weights of the corpus semantic acceptance requirements.
Profit Information System of Exhibition Enterprises Based on Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Hang Yu
Published: August 2022

To solve the problem of publishing company revenue data, a multiobjective optimization algorithm is proposed. Therefore, based on the research on the multipurpose optimization algorithm, this paper proposed a multipurpose optimization hybrid approval algorithm. The proposed algorithm generates a candidate set through the hybrid recommendation algorithm and then uses the multiobjective optimization algorithm to generate recommendation list with optimal accuracy and diversity. MATLABR2017a was used to calculate the c-metric and hypervolume of the measurement data. Besides, Excel was used to calculate the Pareto solution developed in this paper many times. The test environment is running on 64 bit Win10, running 6 GB memory, and the CPU frequency is 2.30 GHz. Experimental decisions were made by comparing the Pareto optimal solutions developed by the input algorithm and the control algorithm in 3 consecutive groups of experimental users. Experimental analysis shows that Pareto believes that the solution developed by the hybrid approval algorithm is multipurpose optimization, superior to the solution developed by the board, and that the algorithm can be used to create realistic and diverse results.
Digital Media Art Creation Based on Virtual Reality and Semantic Feature Fusion
Authors: Dai Yue
Published: August 2022

With the development of the times and science and technology, virtual reality technology as a high-tech technology has gone into people’s vision and deeps into every aspect of people’s lives and plays a more and more important role. In today’s era, with the rapid development of digital new media technology and the gradual formation of a diversified media pattern, virtual reality technology generates a three-dimensional realistic virtual environment with its three-dimensional graphics generation technology, multisensing interaction technology, and high-resolution display technology. A special interactive device is required to enter the virtual environment. This is a brand-new comprehensive information technology, which is more and more widely used in various important fields of modern digital media design. This paper introduces a variety of digital media to promote the creation of virtual reality creation technology. Virtual reality technology in digital media art is more convenient, and more creative forms continue to emerge. The popularity of the virtual reality technology will undoubtedly promote the progress and development of the times and gives the digital media art more forms and volumes. In this paper, using virtual reality technology to digital media art, the forms of technology are summarized, and the way to cite examples is illustrated. This paper is aimed at analyzing and summarizing the virtual reality technology in the digital media art application, and virtual reality technology can give more valuable things in the digital media art creation and also hope to be able to bring some thinking and creative inspiration to writers or readers.
Error Analysis and Numeric Simulation Research of Parallel Seismic Method
Authors: Lin Chao , Zhang Cheng-Lin , Rao Li , Yang Chuang , An Bin , Zhao Bao–Feng , Zhan Tao , Tan Xian-Jun
Published: August 2022

The parallel seismic method is an effective method to detect the length of pile. In the paper, based on the ray theory of Snell’s law, the two methods of determining the pile length by the first transmission P-wave in the side hole are discussed and modified. The error influencing factors of both two methods are then analysed. Finally, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the inspection of pile foundations by the parallel seismic method. The numerical simulation results were compared with the results of the error calculation theory to verify the applicability of the error calculation theory. The error calculation theory was then tested and applied in an engineering example. The results show that (1) in order to reduce errors, unreasonable data points need to be removed when fitting the inspection data points and (2) the larger the pile slenderness ratio, the smaller the distance between the side holes and the pile, and the more accurate the pile length results obtained.
Difficulties in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot and Research Progress of Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Authors: Wang Nie , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2022

A diabetic foot is any disorder directly attributable to peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and/or the sensory neuropathies influencing the diabetic foot; it is a long-term (or “chronic”) complication of diabetes. Generally, it is a permanent (or “chronic”) comorbidity of diabetes. The swallowing of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease leads to damage to the soft tissue, bone, and joint system of the foot. In addition, diabetic feet are also susceptible to infection, which can lead to lameness and even amputation. The management of the diabetic foot can be both challenging and chronic; it may comprise orthoses, surgery, antibacterial medication, and topical dressings. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a variety of methods for the treatment of diabetic foot with obvious advantages, which can be divided into internal treatment and external treatment of TCM. These treatments include external foot bath, fumigation and washing stains, internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine, syndrome differentiation and staging treatment, empirical prescription, self-made prescription, internal use of proprietary Chinese medicine, massage, acupuncture, and paste powder application, which have significant value in the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot. Some studies have shown that modern medicine combined with herbal therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of diabetic foot. Therefore, this study summarized the difficulties in the therapeutic approaches to diabetic foot and the recent research progress in combining Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of diabetic foot.
Exploring the Mechanism of Aspirin in the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease Based on Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Xiong Li , Cao Junfeng , Qiu Yixin , Fu Yinyin , Chen Siyi , He Mengjia , Chen Shengyan , Xie Wei , Yang Xingyu , Wang Chaochao , Wu Mei , Xu Hengxiang , Chen Yijun , Zhang Xiao
Published: August 2022

Purpose. The research aims to investigate the mechanism of action of aspirin in the treatment of Kawasaki disease. Methods. We predicted the targets of aspirin with the help of the Drugbank and PharmMapper databases, the target genes of Kawasaki disease were mined in the GeneCards and Disgenet databases, the intersection targets were processed in the Venny database, and the gene expression differences were observed in the GEO database. The Drugbank and PharmMapper databases were used to predict the target of aspirin, and the target genes of Kawasaki disease were explored in the GeneCards and Disgenet databases, and the Venny was used for intersection processing. We observed the gene expression differences in the GEO database. The disease-core gene target-drug network was established and molecular docking was used for verification. Molecular dynamics simulation verification was carried out to combine the active ingredient and the target with a stable combination. The supercomputer platform was used to measure and analyze the binding free energy, the number of hydrogen bonds, the stability of the protein target at the residue level, the radius of gyration, and the solvent accessible surface area. Results. Aspirin had 294 gene targets, Kawasaki disease had 416 gene targets, 42 intersecting targets were obtained, we screened 13 core targets by PPI; In the GO analysis, we learned that the biological process of Kawasaki disease involved the positive regulation of chemokine biosynthesis and inflammatory response; pathway enrichment involved PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, etc. After molecular docking, the data showed that CTSG, ELANE, and FGF1 had the best binding degree to aspirin. Molecular dynamics was used to prove and analyze the binding stability of active ingredients and protein targets, and Aspirin/ELANE combination has the strongest binding energy. Conclusion. In the treatment of Kawasaki disease, aspirin may regulate inflammatory response and vascular remodeling through CTSG, ELANE, and FGF1.
Arm Movement Analysis Technology of Wushu Competition Image Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Xiaoou , Wu Xingdong , Song Ling
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the recognition accuracy of action poses for athletes in martial arts competitions, it is considered that a single frame pose does not have the temporal features required for sequential actions. Based on deep learning, this paper proposes an image arm movement analysis technology in martial arts competitions. The motion features of the arm are extracted from the bone sequence. Taking human bone motion information as temporal dynamic information, combined with RGB spatial features and depth map, the spatiotemporal features of arm motion data are formed. In this paper, we set up a slow frame rate channel and a fast frame rate channel to detect sequential motion of images. The deep learning model takes 16 frames from each video as samples. The softmax classifier is used to get the classification result of which action category the human action in the video belongs to. The test results show that the accuracy and recall rate of the arm motion analysis technology based on deep learning in martial arts competitions are 95.477% and 92.948%, respectively, with good motion analysis performance.
A Mathematical Modeling Analysis of Racism and Corruption Codynamics with Numerical Simulation as Infectious Diseases
Authors: Kotola Belela Samuel , Teklu Shewafera Wondimagegnhu
Published: August 2022

Racism and corruption are mind infections which affect almost all public and governmental sectors. However, we cannot find enough published literatures on mathematical model analyses of racism and corruption coexistence. In this study, we have contemplated the dynamics of racism and corruption coexistence in communities, using deterministic compartmental model to analyze and suggest proper control strategies to stakeholders. We used qualitative and comprehensive mathematical methods and analyzed both the racism model in the absence of corruption and the corruption model in the absence of racism. We have computed basic reproduction numbers by applying the next generation matrix method. The developed model has a disease-free equilibrium point that is locally asymptotically stable whenever the reproduction number is less than one. Additionally, we have done sensitivity analysis to observe the effect of the parameters on the incidence and transmission of the mind infections that deduce the transmission rates of both the racism and corruption are highly sensitive. The numerical simulation we have simulated showed that the endemic equilibrium point of racism and corruption coexistence model is locally asymptotically stable when

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, the effects of parameters on the basic reproduction numbers, and the effect of parameter on the infectious groups. Finally, the stakeholders must focus on minimizing the transmission rates and increasing the recovery (removed) rate for both racism and corruption action which can be considered prevention and controlling strategies.
Ischemia-Selective Cardioprotection by Malonate for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Prag Hiran A. , Aksentijevic Dunja , Dannhorn Andreas , Giles Abigail V. , Mulvey John F. , Sauchanka Olga , Du Luping , Bates Georgina , Reinhold Johannes , Kula-Alwar Duvaraka , Xu Zhelong , Pellerin Luc , Goodwin Richard J. A. , Murphy Michael P. , Krieg Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background:

Inhibiting SDH (succinate dehydrogenase), with the competitive inhibitor malonate, has shown promise in ameliorating ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, key for translation to the clinic is understanding the mechanism of malonate entry into cells to enable inhibition of SDH, its mitochondrial target, as malonate itself poorly permeates cellular membranes. The possibility of malonate selectively entering the at-risk heart tissue on reperfusion, however, remains unexplored.

Methods:

C57BL/6J mice, C2C12 and H9c2 myoblasts, and HeLa cells were used to elucidate the mechanism of selective malonate uptake into the ischemic heart upon reperfusion. Cells were treated with malonate while varying pH or together with transport inhibitors. Mouse hearts were either perfused ex vivo (Langendorff) or subjected to in vivo left anterior descending coronary artery ligation as models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Succinate and malonate levels were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS, in vivo by mass spectrometry imaging, and infarct size by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride) staining.

Results:

Malonate was robustly protective against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, but only if administered at reperfusion and not when infused before ischemia. The extent of malonate uptake into the heart was proportional to the duration of ischemia. Malonate entry into cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro was dramatically increased at the low pH (≈6.5) associated with ischemia. This increased uptake of malonate was blocked by selective inhibition of MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1). Reperfusion of the ischemic heart region with malonate led to selective SDH inhibition in the at-risk region. Acid-formulation greatly enhances the cardioprotective potency of malonate.

Conclusions:

Cardioprotection by malonate is dependent on its entry into cardiomyocytes. This is facilitated by the local decrease in pH that occurs during ischemia, leading to its selective uptake upon reperfusion into the at-risk tissue, via MCT1. Thus, malonate’s preferential uptake in reperfused tissue means it is an at-risk tissue-selective drug that protects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Backyard Hydroclimatology: Citizen Scientists Contribute to Drought Detection and Monitoring
Authors: Lackstrom Kirsten , Farris Amanda , Ward Rebecca
Published: August 2022

The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network is a well-regarded, trusted source of precipitation data. The network’s volunteers also provide weather and climate observations through daily comments, significant weather reports, and condition monitoring reports. Designed to meet a need for local information about drought events and their impacts, “condition monitoring” was initiated as a pilot project in North Carolina and South Carolina in 2013 and launched nationally in October 2016. Volunteers regularly report on how precipitation, or a lack thereof, affects their local environment and community by ranking current conditions on a seven-point scale ranging from severely dry to severely wet and sharing observations through written narratives. This study assesses the usefulness of these reports for drought monitoring and decision-making, drawing from the >7,100 reports submitted in the Carolinas between October 2016 and June 2020. This period encompasses the Carolinas’ climate patterns and extreme events such as droughts, wildfires, and hurricanes (“drought busters”). Three aspects of usefulness were evaluated in the reports: the extent to which volunteers’ assessments of dry-to-wet conditions correspond to objective drought indicators (EDDI, SPI, SPEI) typically employed for monitoring drought; how volunteers’ qualitative observations depict changing conditions, focusing on two flash droughts in 2019; and actual use of the reports by National Weather Service offices, State Climate Offices, U.S. Drought Monitor authors, and drought response committees. Although ­report content can vary widely, findings show that volunteers’ assessments reflect meteorological conditions and provide on-the-ground details that are being incorporated into existing drought monitoring processes.
Does Operative Time Affect Complication Rate in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Wang David E. , Bakshi Chetna , Sugiyama Gainosuke , Coppa Gene , Alfonso Antonio , Chung Paul
Published: August 2022

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common laparoscopic procedure performed in the United States. Our aim was to determine if increased operative time (OT) is associated with increased morbidity following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods

Using ACS NSQIP from 2006 to 2015, we identified all adult (≥18 years) patients that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis performed within 3 days of admission. Our analysis was limited to cases with OT ≥15 minutes and ≤360 minutes. Outcome variables included postoperative surgical site infections (SSI), dehiscence, pneumonia, reintubation, failure to wean from ventilator, pulmonary embolism, renal failure, urinary tract infection, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarct, bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, septic shock, return to the operating room, and death.

Results

7,031 cases met inclusion criteria. Median OT was 63 minutes, first quartile was 46 minutes and third quartile was 87 minutes. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased OT (third vs first quartile) was an independent risk factor for superficial SSI (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.36-2.25, P < .0001), organ-space SSI (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.33-2.35, P < .0001), dehiscence (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.01-4.07, P = 0.0470), and septic shock (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.06-3.09, P = 0.0286). Increased OT was independently associated with increased LOS (fourth vs 1st quartile: IRR 1.53, P < 0.0001; third vs 1st quartile: IRR 1.29, P < .0001; 2nd vs 1st quartile: IRR 1.16, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Increased OT is independently associated with morbidity and increased LOS following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis. Prospective studies are warranted to determine which factors contribute to increased OT and why.
Management of Post-Infectious Anosmia and Hyposmia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nag Amit K. , Saltagi Abdul K. , Saltagi Mohamad Z. , Wu Arthur W. , Higgins Thomas S. , Knisely Anna , Ting Jonathan Y. , Illing Elisa A.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Anosmia and hyposmia significantly affect patients’ quality of life and have many etiologies, including trauma, inflammatory conditions including chronic rhinosinusitis, neoplasm, and viral infections, such as rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2.

Objective:

Our purpose was to establish whether a consensus exists regarding optimal management of olfactory dysfunction and to provide insight into the treatment of anosmia in the current climate of increased prevalence secondary to COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the literature on the management of non-Chronic-rhinosinusitis- related anosmia/hyposmia.

Methods:

PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published since January 1990 using terms combined with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We included articles evaluating management of anosmia and hyposmia written in the English language, with original data, a minimum of 3 months of follow-up except for COVID-related studies, at least 2 patients, and well-defined and measurable outcomes.

Results:

A total of 3013 unique titles were returned upon the initial search. Of these, 297 abstracts were examined, yielding 19 full texts meeting inclusion criteria (8 with level 1 evidence, 3 with level 2, 1 with level 3, and 7 with level 4). The studies included a total of 1522 subjects, with follow up ranging from 3 to 72 months, with an exception for COVID related studies. Endpoints were based on clinically significant improvements of olfactory functions as measured through validated smell tests. Treatments with the most robust data were intranasal corticosteroids and olfactory training.

Conclusion:

The literature on the treatment of anosmia and hyposmia includes randomized trials showing the efficacy of a few modalities. While further research is needed to expand therapeutic options for this debilitating condition, the current literature supports the use of olfactory training and topical corticosteroids.
The Effect of Mild Hypocapnia on Postoperative Ecchymosis in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Turhal Göksel , Öztürk Arin , Berber Veysel , Sergin Demet , Göde Sercan
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Ecchymosis and edema are the most common complications in patients following rhinoplasty in the early postoperative period. Vasoconstriction created by hypocarbia may have a positive effect on postoperative ecchymosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild hypocapnia induced in rhinoplasty on the severity of periorbital ecchymosis.

Methods:

The study was carried out retrospectively in the digital photographs (control group and study group) of 31 participants who underwent open technical rhinoplasty between January and March 2019. During the operation, partial carbon dioxide pressure in the study group was kept in the range of 32 to 38 mmHg and in the control group between 42 and 46 mmHg and this was confirmed by arterial blood gas measurements taken during the operation. Measuring the brightness and shadows of digital photos Digital color meter was used in MacOS X as a computer software.

Results:

The mean ratio of periorbital ecchymosis to forehead brightness was 0.84 ± 0.05 in the study group and 0.81 ± 0.03 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the study and control groups ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

This study investigates the potential role of hypocapnia on postoperative ecchymosis during rhinoplasty. The severity of ecchymosis was less in the patients with induced mild hypocapnia regarding both subjective and objective evaluations, but this difference didn’t reach statistical significance compared to the normocapnic control group.
Effect of rotational speed and flowrate on the startup characteristics of a pumps as turbine
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Zhang Kai-Yuan , Li Jin-Fu , Xiao Jun-Jian
Published: August 2022

The startup process of pump as turbine (PAT) is actually unavoidable. In order to reveal the transient behavior of a small centrifugal pump reversing as a turbine during an atypical startup, transient experiments are carried out on PAT test rig in the case of two valve openings and four rotational speeds so as to obtain the evolution characteristic of the external performance parameters over time. Meanwhile, three dimensionless parameters are also employed to deeply reveal the transient characteristics. It is found that the shock phenomena in static pressure are prevalent at the outlet of PAT, and that it tends to lag and weaken with increasing stable rotational speed. All three dimensionless factors have maximum values at the initial stage of PAT startup, whereafter they demonstrate the different evolution characteristics.
Model predictive control for ARMAX processes with additive outlier noise
Authors: Gao Hui , Tian Ziwen
Published: August 2022

The Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMAX) model with exogenous input is a widely used discrete time series model, but its special structure allows outliers of its process to affect multiple output data items, thereby significantly affecting the output. In this paper, a regularized model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for an ARMAX process affected by outlier noise. The outlier noise is modeled as an auxiliary variable in the ARMAX model, and the MPC cost function is reconstructed to reduce the influence of outlier noise on multiple data items. The stability of the proposed method and the convergence of output/input and state are guaranteed. The degree to which regularization affects the system can be adjusted by an optional parameter. This paper provides some helpful insights on how to choose this optional parameter in the cost function. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the results of 200 repeated simulations.
The portrayal of mental health in Irish mainstream news media
Authors: Gallagher Margaret , O’Leary Caitlin , McGreal-Ballone Aimee , Duffy Richard
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

The portrayal of mental health in the mainstream news media is an important topic for discussion. Concerns about stigmatisation of those suffering from mental ill-health have been expressed for many years, leading to numerous anti-stigma campaigns. Previous Irish studies demonstrated an improvement in the tone and content of articles over time. This study aims to re-evaluate this topic, 19 years after it was last studied.

Methods:

Four Irish papers including the tabloid, broadsheet, online and compact paper with the highest readership were analysed daily for a 12-week period. Using pre-determined definitions based on previous studies, all articles or headlines incorporating psychiatry-related material were examined for tone, content, utilisation of terminology, reference to self-harm, suicide and violence.

Results:

In total, 735 articles (2.19/paper/day) were identified and analysed. The majority of articles were found to have a supportive or factual tone. A higher proportion of judgemental or sensationalist articles were found in the tabloid newspaper. An improvement was noted compared to previous Irish studies. A decrease in articles written by mental health professionals was noted. Only 5% of articles portrayed psychotic disorders, with many of these referring to violence. Compliance with relevant guidelines for reporting of suicide was good overall.

Conclusion:

There has continued to be an improvement in the tone and content of articles since previous Irish studies. The introduction of guidelines within this time may have played a significant role. Psychotic illness received limited coverage and was more likely to be portrayed in a stigmatising manner, guidelines relating to this could be of benefit. Engagement between psychiatrists and the media is important to improve the portrayal of psychotic illness and enhance awareness.
Four Decades of Challenges by Culture to Mainstream Psychology: Finding Ways Forward
Authors: Smith Peter B. , Bond Michael Harris
Published: August 2022

Over 5 days at the Nag’s Head Conference Center, USA in 1987, social and cross-cultural psychologists discussed what would be required if research relating to culture were to gain greater attention from psychology in general, and in particular from what was perceived at the time as its mainstream. The criteria for gaining greater credibility laid down by three leading social psychologists proved daunting in relation to the cross-cultural work presented at the meeting but subsequently inspired cross-culturalists to “raise their game.” In this paper, we describe these crucial challenges and how they have been addressed more recently by cross-cultural psychologists. We assess the extent to which studies focused on cultural differences are now thoughtfully represented in social, personality, and organizational psychology by briefly surveying the content of a single year’s issues of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Journal of International Business Studies, and the Journal of Personality in relation to the concurrent content of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. We identify the perils of assimilation to psychology in general by diluting the concept of culture and by tyrannizing research with over-specified criteria of statistical rectitude. We also identify studies published in top-rated journals that have nonetheless advanced our field. We reiterate the need for defensible measures of cultural difference and methods for identifying and examining them as a basis for multi-level explanations of cultural effects and cultural change. We conclude by proposing a gold standard for assaying cross-cultural studies of psychological processes and outcomes.
Culture and Cognitive Development
Authors: Dasen Pierre R.
Published: August 2022

This paper reports my own perceptions of the history of research on culture and cognitive development, in the approximate period 1960 to 2000. I review in particular my own efforts to test Piaget’s theory cross-culturally, but also include other lines of research such as research inspired by Vygotsky and research on child rearing/socialization potentially linked to cognitive development. I briefly mention a research program in Bali, Indonesia, India, and Nepal on the geocentric spatial frame of reference that allowed us to disentangle a variety of eco-cultural and linguistic variables that determine the preference for this geocentric cognitive style. I also recall the “integrated framework” that I proposed in 2003 to combine the models proposed by several authors and which serves to integrate all the findings. The main conclusion is that cognitive processes are universal but that there are cultural differences in cognitive styles and pathways of development. I also discuss why the field has lost momentum, whether it is because all the questions have been answered or because new topics and research methods have evolved.
Counseling Across Cultures: A Half-Century Assessment
Authors: Tanaka-Matsumi Junko
Published: August 2022

As the Special Issue of the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology celebrates the 50th anniversary of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP), this article aims to summarize and track the development of counseling and psychotherapy in cultural contexts over the past half-century. When the edited volume, Counseling Across Cultures (CAC) first appeared nearly half a century ago, it sent an innovative message that culture matters in counseling and psychotherapy. The CAC editors produced six more updated editions in the succeeding years by 2016. The CAC authors examined the cultural context of accurate assessment, meaningful understanding of culture-relevant concepts, and appropriate interventions in each of the seven editions. They have surveyed universal and cultural aspects of counseling and psychotherapy according to such themes as emic and etic approaches to models of mental health, therapeutic relationships and techniques, assessment and interventions, and training needs against the IACCP’s ever-growing academic and professional activities. Research on the cultural adaptation of specific psychotherapies for specific clients should enhance access to culturally sensitive and evidence-based assessments and interventions. The need for training in multicultural awareness is expected to accelerate in the age of rapid globalization. This article affirms the contribution of the foundation-building approaches of CAC and the need for developing the interface between cross-cultural psychology and related clinical and counseling fields.
Women Across the History of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Leadership
Authors: Best Deborah L. , Gibbons Judith L.
Published: August 2022

Across the years as interest in culture grew in the field of psychology, women contributed to its growth by leading research into new areas, such as children’s socialization and family dynamics, and acknowledging the critical role of the social and environmental context. Moreover, women were significant partners in team-led projects, developing methodologies that have been successfully employed to study cultural similarities and differences. Women have expanded psychological research in many domains, investigating the role of culture in cognitive areas, such as perceptual learning, cognition, and languages, as well as in social areas such as cultural stereotypes, acculturation, self-construal, attributions, and human development. Women have also investigated appropriate psychometric testing for valid assessments, critical for establishing equivalence in cross-cultural research. As women’s research voices grew, they have slowly advanced into important roles in academic organizations, such as IACCP. Although men continue to dominate leadership positions in IACCP and other similar organizations, women have become more visible in recent years. Indeed, women have made important research and leadership contributions to the growth and direction of cross-cultural psychology, and they will certainly continue to do so in the future.
Scene of death investigation in apparent suicidal deaths in Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: van den Hondel Karen E , Hoogenboom Lissy , de Heer Mirella , Dorn Tina , Ceelen Manon , Reijnders Udo
Published: August 2022

Guidelines from the Netherlands describe that unnatural deaths should be investigated by a forensic physician and Crime Scene Technicians, but this is not always the case. In this study, we aimed to determine what predicts the non-attendance of the Crime Scene Technicians at the scene of the death of suicides in the police region in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Data of 315 suicides (2016–2017) that have been externally examined by forensic physicians and reports from the Crime Scene Technicians were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the factors predicting the involvement of the Crime Scene Technicians at the scene of death. The Crime Scene Technicians were not attending in 23% ( n = 72) cases, and over half of these cases were not found in the registration system of the Crime Scene Technicians. About some the Crime Scene Technicians was not informed. Predictors of the non-attendance of the Crime Scene Technicians were suicide by poisoning, the individual was found by an acquaintance or family, a history of suicide attempts and examination of the deceased in the hospital. In this study, we observed that the Crime Scene Technicians were sometimes not attending the investigation of apparent suicides. More research on this topic should be done to investigate the value of the presence of the Crime Scene Technicians at the scene before concluding that non-attendance of Crime Scene Technicians on-site influences the quality of the scene of death investigation and corresponding conclusions. Since 2017, several quality improvements were made, but an (inter)national conjoint protocol for uniform and structural suicide investigation could secure the quality of the scene of death investigation of suicides and would provide information useful for evaluation.
Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents: A Case of Bullying Victimization and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Kausar Noreena , Manaf Afsheen , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: August 2022

This paper attempted to examine suicidal ideation among adolescents in terms of bullying victimization and emotional intelligence. It had been observed that adolescents have to face the challenge of suicidal ideation through bullying and reduce it through emotional intelligence. A sample of 1017 adolescents was sampled from public sector primary schools in the district of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan to conduct the cross-sectional survey. For this study, the scale of bullying victimization (Illinois Bullying Scale by Espelage & Holt, 2001), emotional intelligence (Emotional Intelligence Scale for Children & Adolescents by Batool & Hayat, 2018) and suicidal ideation (Suicidal Ideation Attribution Scale by Van Spijker, 2014) had been used to measure the responses of the students. The study findings pointed out that emotional intelligence was a significant negative predictor of suicidal ideation. Similarly, the analysis showed that bullying victimization was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation among adolescents.
Emotions in Student Teachers’ L2 Learning Experiences: Do Language Ideologies Play a Role?
Authors: Sung Chit Cheung Matthew
Published: August 2022

This paper reports on a qualitative study which investigated a group of student teachers’ emotions in their second language (L2) learning experiences, with particular attention to the mediating role of language ideologies. The findings revealed that the participants reported both positive emotions (enjoyment and pride) and negative emotions (anxiety, frustration and embarrassment) in their L2 learning experiences. In particular, these different emotions were found to be mediated by multiple and sometimes conflicting language ideologies, including the ideology of native-speakerism, the World Englishes ideology and the ideology of language as a tool for communication. The findings also showed that the different emotions evoked in the participants’ L2 learning experiences not only impacted on their identities as L2 learners and L2 users/communicators in divergent ways, but also shaped their goals and agentive efforts in their subsequent L2 learning. Overall, the analysis points to the complex, dynamic and reciprocal relationship between emotions, language ideologies, identities and agency in understanding the affective dimension of L2 learning in a more holistic manner. It also calls attention to the potential of incorporating reflections on L2 learning experiences in student teachers’ professional development programmes in order to enhance their emotional awareness for L2 learning and teaching.
Exorcism: A device of differentiation in Burmese Buddhism
Authors: Brac de la Perriére Bénédicte
Published: August 2022

In Burma, exorcism is readily observable as a healing practice, and appears as a relatively well-bound domain ensconced into the larger and manifold Burmese Buddhist esoterism known as the weikza path. In this article, exorcism will be examined to unveil what he does to the Burmese religion. Particularly, manifestation of nefarious beings provoked by specialists in their patients during séances, through supposedly erratic movement is opposed to spirit possession’s dances as exorcism to adorcism (de Heusch). It is argued that bodily behaviour is used by exorcist as a way to demonstrate whose spiritual beings’ worship should be abandoned by patients undertaking the exorcist cure and by weikza followers.
Construction of a novel hydrogel composite with polylactic acid nonwoven fibers: rapid and effective removal of Pb(II) and Ni(II)
Authors: Wang Zhi-Ke , Li Ting-Ting , Ren Hai-Tao , Peng Hao-Kai , Shiu Bing-Chiuan , Lin Jia-Horng , Lou Ching-Wen
Published: August 2022

In this study, a hydrogel composite adsorbent structure was reported and showed satisfactory adsorption performance. The study uses polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven fabric to optimize and improve the adsorption performance of the hydrogel. The results show that the nonwoven fabric structure enables the composite material to reach the swelling equilibrium faster than the hydrogel. The adsorption-isotherm model found that the adsorption capacity of composite materials Pb(II) and Ni(II) reached 416.07 and 243.10 mg/g, respectively, and still had high removal efficiency at low pH. The composite material has low cost and can be reused, which solves the problems of difficulty in recovery of the hydrogel adsorbent, low strength, and easy damage, and promotes the industrialization of the hydrogel as an adsorbent.
No struggle, no progress: Taking the anti-racism conversation to a deeper level
Authors: Fraser Kathryn , Barenboim Hernan
Published: August 2022

In order to promote ongoing dialogues about how to address racism in health care, the 2021 Forum on Behavioral Science included a workshop on how to take antiracism activities and conversations to a deeper level than what is typically offered. The workshop followed up on a previous antiracism plenary presentation at the 2020 Forum and was intentionally created to keep the importance of antiracism efforts on the forefront of behavioral science and medical education. The currently described presentation provided some background on how health inequity evolved in the United States. It also included information on the role that racism has played in the development of inequities in health care, the profession of medicine and medical education. Presenters included several activities specifically chosen to promote honest, open conversations about power imbalances that promote discrimination on the micro and macrosystem level. Participants were encouraged to start working on specific goals and ideas on how to conduct these activities and challenging conversations in their home institutions.
Development and Evaluation of the Clinician-Rated Humility Scale
Authors: Bell Chance A. , Dumitrascu Nicolae , Sandage Steven J. , Hall Eugene L. , Jankowski Peter J. , Waldheter Miriam
Published: August 2022

Humility is a key virtue in most religious traditions, and empirical evidence links it with healthy religious leader development. Psychological evaluation often forms part of the vocational discernment process for religious leaders. We evaluated development of the clinician-rated humility scale (CRHS) within the clergy candidate psychological evaluation context at a community mental health center in the United States. In Study 1, we examined inter-rater reliability of the CRHS using three methods across 10 calibration tests with clergy candidates (female = 1, male = 9; average age = 34.6 years). Combined convenience and comprehensiveness provided the best method for obtaining the highest agreement. In Study 2, we evaluated the internal and external factor structure of the CRHS using clergy candidates ( n = 70) receiving psychological testing (29% female, 70% male; average age = 34.5 years). A final six-item version of the scale showed acceptable model fit, with evidence of a unidimensional factor structure, good internal consistency, and theoretically consistent associations with correlates. The results suggested the CRHS tapped dimensions of caring for others, openness toward personal beliefs, and self-growth. This observer-rated humility scale holds potential in conjunction with self-report measures for use in clinical assessment and research on client humility.
Rule Violation and Time-to-Enforcement in Weak Institutional Environments: A Good Faith Perspective
Authors: Xia Jun , Jiang Yusi , Wang Heli , Li Yuan
Published: August 2022

Previous studies on corporate misconduct have focused mainly on preventing misconduct or remedying it after detection, but it remains unclear how misconduct can be effectively detected in the first place once it occurs. We apply the good faith perspective in the context of China, which represents a weak institutional environment, and argue that the ability of culpable leaders to conceal information may delay misconduct disclosure because such ability helps maintain the good faith of regulators. Moreover, we argue that because the regulators have faith in professionals (external auditors, institutional investors, and securities analysts) whose skills are in fact often underdeveloped in detecting misconduct in weak institutional environments, the impact of managerial concealment on disclosure delay becomes stronger when fraudulent firms are followed by such professionals. Using a sample of Chinese public firms involved in financial misconduct, we find support for these arguments—that is, compartmentalization in governance positions, which enhances culpable leaders’ ability to conceal misconduct, delays public disclosure by regulators. Furthermore, the relationship becomes stronger when the misconduct goes undetected by credible professionals.
Kinder and gentler ministers in consensus democracies? Personality and the selection of government members
Authors: Flick Witzig Martina , Vatter Adrian
Published: August 2022

This study examines the personality traits of candidates for the Swiss government and how they are related to the candidates’ electoral chances. Switzerland as a paradigmatic consensual democracy is an ideal test case to examine the connection between the specific pattern of a democracy and the government personalities that fit it. We argue that the cultural and institutional setting of the Swiss Government increases the electoral chances of kinder and gentler personalities. To test this, we estimate regression models on a new data set of candidates covering all vacancies in the Swiss government between 1982 and 2020. Our results reveal that candidates with a higher level of agreeableness do enjoy an advantage in the electoral process for Swiss consensus government.
The partner link worker: A vital but undervalued service for women who have been subjected to or at risk of domestic abuse
Authors: Woolford Rebecca Jayne , McCarthy Molly
Published: August 2022

This study aims to explore the partner link worker (PLW) role in supporting women who have been subjected to or at risk of domestic abuse. Prior research in a probation setting tends to focus solely on the person on probation, failing to examine the experiences of people subjected to crime and support services on offer. The PLW role provides an essential service that has been undervalued and overlooked. The study begins to provide some evidence to counter the broader political rhetoric that people subjected to crime are central to probation practice within the criminal justice system. It draws on the findings from thirteen semi-structured interviews conducted across five Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs). The findings suggest that PLWs demonstrate a professional commitment to protecting and safeguarding vulnerable women and addressing domestic abuse. However, PLWs face many challenges and obvious gaps in provisions to provide a fully inclusive and accessible service to meet the individual needs of women and their children. The recently reunified probation service offers an optimum opportunity to review, resource and regenerate the PLW service to protect and safeguard people who have been subjected to or at risk of domestic abuse.