bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Position management on pulmonary function and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yang Liu , Bao Zhengrong , Zhang Lianyu , Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Lingping
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common disease caused by various factors and mechanisms in premature infants. Owing to lung hypoplasia and the lack of alveolar surfactants in premature infants, oxygen therapy is often needed to maintain adequate breathing. Nevertheless, prolonged oxygen therapy can easily induce BPD, and there is currently no effective treatment. Therefore, the prevention of BPD in premature infants during hospitalisation is essential. Studies have revealed that the prone position can effectively improve the oxygenation of premature infants. However, a few studies have reported whether prone positioning can improve lung function and reduce BPD incidence. This trial will determine whether the prone position, compared with the supine position, can reduce BPD incidence and improve lung function in preterm infants.

Methods and analysis

This study protocol is for a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial of the prone position in premature infants. Following daily feeding, premature infants will be placed in the lateral position for 30 min; then they will be turned to the supine position (control group) or prone position (intervention group) for 2 hours each in the morning and afternoon. Moreover, infants in both groups will be placed in the supine or lateral position alternately according to their medical needs for the remaining time. The study begins when the premature infants are stable within 5 days after admission and ends when they are discharged from the hospital or at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The primary outcome is the survival rate without BPD. The secondary outcomes include lung function parameters and lung oxygen saturation.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial is approved by the ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, (ref approval no.KY2021186). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100049847.
Correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness in a population-based sample of middle-aged adults: cross-sectional analyses in the SCAPIS study
Authors: Börjesson Mats , Ekblom Örjan , Arvidsson Daniel , Heiland Emerald G , Väisänen Daniel , Bergström Göran , Ekblom-Bak Elin
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to identify main sex-specific correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a population-based, urban sample of Swedish adults.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Multi-site study at university hospitals, data from the Gothenburg site.

Participants

A total of 5308 participants (51% women, aged 50–64 years) with a valid estimated VO2max, from submaximal cycle test, in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), were included.

Primary and secondary outcomes

A wide range of correlates were examined including (a) sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviours, (b) perceived health, anthropometrics and chronic conditions and (c) self-reported as well as accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Both continuous levels of estimated VO2max as well as odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI)s of low VO2max (lowest sex-specific tertile) were reported.

Results

In multivariable regression analyses, higher age, being born abroad, short education, high waist circumference, poor perceived health, high accelerometer-derived time in sedentary and low in vigorous physical activity, as well as being passive commuter, correlated independently and significantly with low VO2max in both men and women (OR range 1.31–9.58). Additionally in men, financial strain and being an ex-smoker are associated with higher odds for low VO2max (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.48 and OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.80), while constant stress with lower odds (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85). Additionally in women, being a regular smoker is associated with lower odds for low VO2max (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.92).

Conclusions

The present study provides important reference material on CRF and correlates of CRF in a general middle-aged population, which can be valuable for future research, clinical practice and public health work. If relations are causal, increased knowledge about specific subgroups will aid in the development of appropriate, targeted interventions.
Local knowledge and derived practices of safety during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: a qualitative study among nurse-midwives in urban eastern Tanzania
Authors: Mwakawanga Dorkasi L , Mwilike Beatrice , Kaneko Morie , Shimpuku Yoko
Published: December 2022

Background

Maternal and newborn mortality are still high in low-income and middle-income countries despite global efforts to improve the quality of care by prioritising evidence-based practices and increasing the number of births attended by skilled personnel. During childbirth, women are hesitant to use the health facility services. Concerns about safety and risks during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period are deeply rooted in local health practices and beliefs.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of local health knowledge and derived practices among nurse-midwives in urban eastern Tanzania.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative study design was carried out in a district hospital in eastern Tanzania. Twenty-one nurse-midwives participated in two focus group discussions. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Based on existing scientific data, local knowledge and derived practices were categorised as potentially beneficial, neither beneficial nor harmful and potentially harmful. Our study identified a wide range of local knowledge and derived practices used by women. These include to refrain from shouting or crying to prevent exhaustion during labour, drinks and foods restrictions during labour and after birth, and use of local herbs to stimulate labour. In addition, midwives reinforced the importance of integrating local knowledge and practices with potential benefits with evidence-based practices. Encouraging and listening to women would offer an opportunity to reduce harmful practices.

Conclusions

While non-harmful and beneficial practices for ensuring safety during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period should be accepted and supported as a part of our cultural richness, harmful practices should be discouraged. This can be achieved through antenatal health education and afterbirth health messages on hospital discharge to promote positive childbirth health outcomes.
Acupuncture-assisted anaesthesia for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation to reduce the consumption of morphine hydrochloride and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Xuecheng , Wang Qi , Dong Yujiang , Jia Yuqi , Hou Zhihui , Deng Wenqi , Zhang Menghe , Mu Qiurun , Jia Hongling
Published: December 2022

Background

Patients often experience postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) because of the use of opioids for anaesthesia and analgesia during the procedure. Some clinical trials have demonstrated that acupuncture-assisted anaesthesia (AAA) reduces opioid consumption and prevents PONV. Although several studies have been conducted on AAA, its safety and efficacy in AF catheter ablation remain unclear due to small sample sizes and a paucity of methodologically rigorous designs. Therefore, this trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AAA in reducing PONV and morphine hydrochloride consumption during catheter ablation.

Methods

This single-centre, patient-blinded, randomised, non-penetrating sham-controlled trial will be conducted in China. A total of 100 patients will be randomly assigned to the AAA and conventional anaesthesia (CA) groups in a ratio of 1:1. The patients will receive AAA or CA plus sham acupuncture during catheter ablation and will be followed up for 30 days. The primary outcomes include the total amount of morphine hydrochloride consumed during catheter ablation and PONV within the first 24 hours after the procedure. The secondary outcomes include pain, nausea and vomiting, anxiety, patient’s ability to cope during catheter ablation, AF recurrence and quality of life, as assessed using the numeric rating scale. Adverse events will be recorded and their influence will be analysed at the end of the trial.

Discussion

This study will help in evaluating the safety and efficacy of AAA applied for AF catheter ablation in reducing opioid doses during the procedure and the occurrence of PONV.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences if possible.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR 2100042646; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
CMR feature tracking in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: patterns of myocardial strain and focal fibrosis
Authors: Chevalier Céleste , Kremer Katja , Cavus Ersin , Schneider Jan , Jahnke Charlotte , Schön Gerhard , Radunski Ulf K , Tahir Enver , Adam Gerhard , Lund Gunnar , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Muellerleile Kai
Published: December 2022

Background

There is a paucity of data on cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed at describing global and segmental myocardial strain patterns and a potential association with the presence of focal myocardial scarring in DCM patients by CMR-FT.

Methods

Thirty-nine patients with DCM and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (mean 21±8%) underwent CMR including standard cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). We measured global LV longitudinal as well as global and segmental circumferential and radial strain. The presence of focal myocardial fibrosis was assessed on LGE images.

Results

Nineteen patients had focal myocardial fibrosis on LGE images with the highest prevalence in the basal septal segments II and III, which were affected in 12 (63%) and 13 (68%) patients. Furthermore, there was a significantly lower average short-axis LV radial strain (LVSAX-RS) in these segments (4.89 (−1.55 to 11.34) %) compared with the average of the other myocardial segments (21.20 (17.36 to 25.05)%; p<0.001) after adjusting for LGE and left-bundle branch block (LBBB). In general, LV segments with LGE had lower model-based mean LVSAX-RS values (17.65 (10.37 to 24.93) %) compared with those without LGE (19.40 (15.43 to 23.37) %), but this effect was not significant after adjusting for the presence of LBBB (p=0.630).

Conclusion

Our findings revealed a coincidence of impaired radial strain and focal myocardial fibrosis in the basal septal LV myocardial segments of patients with DCM. Regardless of this pattern, we did not find a general, significant effect of myocardial fibrosis on strain in our cohort. Future studies are required to assess the potential prognostic implications of myocardial strain patterns in addition to the assessment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with DCM.
Nutraceutical activation of Sirt1: a review
Authors: DiNicolantonio James J , McCarty Mark F , O'Keefe James H
Published: December 2022

The deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), activated by calorie restriction and fasting, exerts several complementary effects on cellular function that are favourable to healthspan; it is often thought of as an ‘anti-aging’ enzyme. Practical measures which might boost Sirt1 activity are therefore of considerable interest. A number of nutraceuticals have potential in this regard. Nutraceuticals reported to enhance Sirt1 synthesis or protein expression include ferulic acid, tetrahydrocurcumin, urolithin A, melatonin, astaxanthin, carnosic acid and neochlorogenic acid. The half-life of Sirt1 protein can be enhanced with the natural nicotinamide catabolite N1-methylnicotinamide. The availability of Sirt1’s obligate substrate NAD+ can be increased in several ways: nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide can function as substrates for NAD+ synthesis; activators of AMP-activated kinase—such as berberine—can increase expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which is rate limiting for NAD+ synthesis; and nutraceutical quinones such as thymoquinone and pyrroloquinoline quinone can boost NAD+ by promoting oxidation of NADH. Induced ketosis—as via ingestion of medium-chain triglycerides—can increase NAD+ in the brain by lessening the reduction of NAD+ mediated by glycolysis. Post-translational modifications of Sirt1 by O-GlcNAcylation or sulfonation can increase its activity, suggesting that administration of glucosamine or of agents promoting hydrogen sulfide synthesis may aid Sirt1 activity. Although resveratrol has poor pharmacokinetics, it can bind to Sirt1 and activate it allosterically—as can so-called sirtuin-activating compound drugs. Since oxidative stress can reduce Sirt1 activity in multiple ways, effective antioxidant supplementation that blunts such stress may also help preserve Sirt1 activity in some circumstances. Combination nutraceutical regimens providing physiologically meaningful doses of several of these agents, capable of activating Sirt1 in complementary ways, may have considerable potential for health promotion. Such measures may also amplify the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in non-diabetic disorders, as these benefits appear to reflect upregulation of Sirt1 and AMP-activated protein kinase activities.
Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-containing polymers for the generation of polymer-derived ceramics
Authors: Duggan Kelly C. , Watson Ian C. , Ragogna Paul J.
Published: December 2022

Phosphorus-containing polymer networks as precursors to polymer-derived ceramics were prepared using a combination of three monomers (1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione or 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane, tetraethylene glycol diallyl ether, and isobutyl phosphine). By varying the stoichiometry of these components, it was observed that key properties such as thermal stability, swellability, and ceramic yield after pyrolysis can be modified at will. Optimal stoichiometries to achieve the highest ceramic yields upon pyrolysis, while maintaining swellability, were determined. Cobalt was introduced into the networks by reaction of the tertiary phosphine fragments in the material with CpCo(CO)2. After pyrolysis of the metalated polymers at 800 °C, the resulting ceramics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Ant Lion Optimized Lexicographic Model for Shortest Path Identification
Authors: Kumawat Sunita , Dudeja Chanchal , Kumar Pawan
Published: December 2022

Associated path detection is considered as the major concern of the traditional shortest path issue. The associated path is generally represented by the shortest distance among the source and destination. In the transportation network, distance or cost detection may identify this associated path. Specifically, it is very important to discover the shortest distance that has a minimum number of nodes, and it will give the most optimized result. In this paper, the Fuzzy based Pareto Optimal (FPO) approach is used to discover the shortest paths in a network graph. Initially, the FPO technique finds the shortest paths in a network by using set of rules. Then, the Lexicographical model uses a set of rules to rank the shortest distance based on minimum distance value. From the ranking results, the optimal shortest path is selected based on the proposed Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) algorithm. So, this paper achieves multi objectives like shortest path ranking and selection of the optimal shortest path. Time, distance or cost, convergence time, fitness function, and mean square error are the parameters used to relate the performance of the proposed technique with state-of-the-art techniques. Comparative results display the robustness and proficiency of the proposed system with several works.
Spread Dynamics of Tourism-Related Messages within Social Networks
Authors: Luo Dan , Xiong Bojian , Cao Yu
Published: December 2022

Tourism-related messages can alter the images of tourism destinations. In the new media time, messages from individual perception of the destination can spread among the social networks. Here, based on three basic assumptions, we developed a model to investigate the spread dynamics of tourism-related messages. In the model, two variables of individual behaviour, representing the probabilities of sharing or forgetting the messages, respectively, and a variable to represent the message’s importance were integrated. Within the simulated small-world networks, we observed two distinct patterns in the spread dynamics. The patterns were determined by individuals’ willingness to share messages and the message’s importance. If a majority of people choose not to send a message that they have received, the informed population will eventually become negligible; whereas, while they are inclined to spread, the informed population will remain constant over time. These patterns were influenced by neither the density of network connections nor the message sources. The message sources only determine the speed and the scale of diffusion. In summary, our model revealed the patterns of the spread of tourism-related messages.
Digitalisation of Ecosystem-Based Management and the Logistics Potential of the Arctic Region
Authors: Korchagina Elena Viktorovna , Barykin Sergey Evgenievich , Desfonteines Larisa Grigorievna , Ray Samrat , Shapovalova Irina Mikhaylovna , Repnikova Valentina
Published: December 2022

The Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) have improved in theory and exercise over the years. Nevertheless, there are several flaws which prevent EIA from becoming a useful instrument for promoting Ecosystem-based Management (EBM). For instance, Deep Sea Mining (DSM) operations are expected to create considerable environmental degradation undermining the poorly recognised mechanisms that remain mostly unknown. Evaluating the environmental consequences of DSM operations at all phases of the mining process from exploration to future exploitation has been among the top priorities of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Hence, this study attempts to define the legal structure of the ISA to assess the environmental consequences of multiple stages of mining. Based on the observation, the existing methods do not reflect a comprehensive EIA process adhering to EBM. Therefore, it can be concluded that deficient impact analyses and inadequate Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) may be accommodated in the absence of a consistent and well-regulated procedure, allowing for double standards or unequal treatment of contractors and potential applicants.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on the Balance of Payments: Empirical Evidence from Afghanistan
Authors: Sultani Abdul Hadi , Faisal U.
Published: December 2022

This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of a set of macroeconomic variables including balance of trade, FDI, exchange rate, and inflation on the balance of payments (BOP) of Afghanistan using quarterly data from the second quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2020 (2004Q2 to 2020Q4). The paper uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Johansen co-integration test for analysis to explore the BOP of Afghanistan and provides comparable literature to other least-developed and low-income developing countries. The findings reveal that balance of trade (BOT), foreign direct investment (FDI), and exchange rate are significant determinants of Afghanistan’s BOP in the long run. More specifically, BOT and FDI positively impact the BOP, whereas the effect of the exchange rate on the BOP is found negative. Yet, inflation has an insignificant impact on the BOP. Though all variables have an insignificant impact on the BOP in the short run, the relevant policy measures ought to consider improvement in BOT, promoting FDI, and exchange rate stability to ensure synchronized improved BOP and economic growth.
Potent Bioactivity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves
Authors: Rehman Bushra , Khan Sumera Afzal , Hamayun Muhammad , Iqbal Amjad , Lee In-Jung
Published: December 2022

Plant species are known to harbor large number of endophytes, which stays in plant tissues as symbionts. These endophytes secrete large array of bioactive compounds that have potency against certain diseases with no side effects. We have collected leaf samples of the Moringa oleifera plant from the Pakistan Forest Institute, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for the isolation of beneficial endophytes. The strains isolated from the leaves of M. oleifera were coded with MOL and tested for antimicrobial, antifungal, germicidal, phytotoxic, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. The isolates, MOL1, MOL16, MOL19, and MOL21, possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas MOL7 inhibited 55% of the growth of Escherichia coli. MOL3 inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains, MOL1 and MOL7, showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while the strains, MOL11 and MOL17, showed activity against Verticillium chlamydosporium. The isolates, MOL3, MOL7, MOL9, MOL15, MOL17, MOL18, and MOL19, inhibited the growth of Lemna minor (duckweed) at 100 μg/ml. MOL2 exhibited strong activity in the brine shrimp assay, while MOL1, MOL2, MOL5, MOL6, MOL12, MOL17, MOL19, and MOL20 showed insecticidal, and MOL3 demonstrated larvicidal and antileishmanial activity. The isolated potent endophytes were identified as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Tricoderma, Rhizoctonia, Mucor, Alternaria, Pestalotiopsis, Acremonium, and Cladosporium through morphological and microscopic characteristics of the colonies.
Predicting Atrial Fibrillation after Ischemic Stroke: Clinical, Genetics, and Electrocardiogram Modelling
Authors: Poh Mervyn Qi Wei , Tham Carol Huilian , Chee Jeremiah David Ming Siang , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Tan Kenny Wee Kian , Tan Li Wei , Ng Ebonne Yulin , Yeo Celestia Pei Xuan , Seet Christopher Ying Hao , Xie Joanne Peiting , Lai Jonathan Yexian , Singh Rajinder , Tan Eng-King , Tu Tian Ming
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging in patients after ischaemic stroke due to its paroxysmal nature. We aimed to determine the utility of a combined clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic variable model to predict AF in a post-stroke population. Materials and Methods: We performed a cohort study at a single comprehensive stroke centre from November 09, 2009, to October 31, 2017. All patients recruited were diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attacks. Electrocardiographic variables including p-wave terminal force (PWTF), corrected QT interval (QTc), and genetic variables including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 4q25 (rs2200733) were evaluated. Clinical, electrocardiographic and genetic variables of patients without AF and those who developed AF were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics were performed to identify parameters and determine their ability to predict the occurrence of AF. Results: Out of 709 patients (median age of 59 years, inter-quartile range 52–67) recruited, sixty (8.5%) were found to develop AF on follow-up. Age (odds ratio [OR]): 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–5.98, p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.36–5.63, p = 0.0052), and valvular heart disease (OR: 8.49, 95% CI: 2.62–27.6, p < 0.004) were the strongest predictors of AF, with an area under receiver operating value of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70–0.82), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77–0.87) when electrocardiographic variables (PWTF and QTc) were added. SNP did not improve prediction modelling. Conclusion: We demonstrated that a model combining clinical and electrocardiographic variables provided robust prediction of AF in our post-stroke population. Role of SNP in prediction of AF was limited.
Vida após a morte
Authors: Veiga Cristiane Fernandes Lopes
Published: December 2022

O século XVIII ficou marcado pela inserção, em definitivo, da capitania do Rio de Janeiro nas trocas comerciais do Império Luso. A atividade mercantil deslocou-se para o sul da América Lusa, intensificando-se as viagens das frotas para a África. Nesse momento a cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro tornou-se sede do vice-reino e ganha destaque a produção de cana, especialmente no recôncavo da cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro e no norte fluminense. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é analisar a participação das mulheres viúvas na sociedade e economia do vice-reino em meio a essas mudanças. Os documentos nos permitem observar que, no interior do Antigo Sistema Colonial, as viúvas negociavam escravos e produtos, administravam negócios, requisitavam sesmarias, participavam da economia de subsistência e assumiam a tutela de seus filhos órfãos. A atuação dessas mulheres ultrapassava os tradicionais papéis de gênero e invadia o mundo dos engenhos e da mercancia. As viúvas não eram elementos estranhos à sociedade do Antigo Regime, elas eram parte integrante de um mundo em que a morte vivia à espreita, fosse em função de doenças constantes, guerras ou perigos desconhecidos em territórios em expansão. Tornar-se viúva implicava assumir filhos e negócios, em princípio, administrados pelos maridos quando vivos. Entretanto, a documentação demonstra a participação, muitas vezes direta, dessas mulheres na atividade econômica do casal, bem como o reconhecimento da capacidade delas para conduzi-la, registrada pelo marido em seus testamentos.
Apresentação do Dossiê
Authors: Ricupero Rodrigo M.
Published: December 2022

Apresentação do Dossiê "Império e Colonização".
A história do mundo como grande estratégia: a simulação da modernidade no jogo eletrônico Europa Universalis IV
Authors: Pinto Neto Hermano do Amaral
Published: December 2022

A indústria de entretenimento pode se apresentar como um importante meio de divulgação histórica e de popularização e naturalização de argumentos historiográficos e representações da história. Essa dinâmica também se faz presente em jogos eletrônicos que mobilizam o conhecimento histórico para simular períodos, processos, estruturas e acontecimentos históricos específicos. A retórica procedural dos jogos divulga e reafirma argumentos historiográficos através de suas representações normativas para um público não-especializado. Este artigo objetiva analisar a presença de noções e argumentos de história do mundo no jogo Europa Universalis IV. Através da análise crítica dos mecanismos do jogo e sua justaposição com a literatura especializada de história do mundo, será constatado que o jogo reproduz uma visão integracionista da história do mundo, que informa o entendimento da história por seus consumidores. Com a sua simulação histórica de zonas interativas, comércio internacional e difusão tecnológica, a retórica procedural de Europa Universalis IV, fundamentada em conhecimento historiográfico especializado, como a teoria do sistema-mundo, reproduz sua própria interpretação da história do mundo e pode convencer os jogadores no mesmo sentido.
Oligosaccharide Blocks PAR1 (Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1)-PAR4–Mediated Platelet Activation by Binding to Thrombin Exosite II and Impairs Thrombosis
Authors: Li Sujuan , Wang Weili , Lin Lisha , Yang Lian , Cai Ying , Yang Xingzhi , Zhang Taocui , Xiao Chuang , Yan Hui , Gao Na , Zhao Jinhua
Published: December 2022

Background:

Inappropriate activation and aggregation of platelets can lead to arterial thrombosis. Thrombin is the most potent platelet agonist that activates human platelets via two PARs (proteinase-activated receptors), PAR1 and PAR4. The aim is to study the activity and mechanism of an oligosaccharide HS-11 (the undecasaccharide, derived from sea cucumber
Holothuria fuscopunctata
) in inhibiting thrombin-mediated platelet activation and aggregation and to evaluate its antithrombotic activity.

Methods:

Platelet activation was analyzed by detecting CD62P/P-selectin expression using flow cytometry. The HS-11-thrombin interaction and the binding site were studied by biolayer interferometry. Intracellular Ca
2+
mobilization of platelets was measured by FLIPR Tetra System using Fluo-4 AM (Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl). Platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and bleeding Assay were assessed.

Results:

An oligosaccharide HS-11, depolymerized from fucosylated glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber
Holothuria fuscopunctata
blocks the interaction of thrombin with PAR1 and PAR4 complex by directly binding to thrombin exosite II, and completely inhibits platelet signal transduction, including intracellular Ca
2+
mobilization and protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, HS-11 potently inhibits thrombin-PARs–mediated platelet aggregation and reduces thrombus formation in a model of ex vivo thrombosis.

Conclusions:

The study firstly report that the fucosylated glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharide has antiplatelet activity by binding to thrombin exosite II, and demonstrates that thrombin exosite II plays an important role in the simultaneous activation of PAR1 and PAR4, which may be a potential antithrombotic target for effective treatment of arterial thrombosis.
Antihypertensive Medication Regimens Used in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Derington Catherine G. , Bress Adam P. , Moran Andrew E. , Weintraub William S. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Cushman William C. , Kronish Ian M. , Stults Barry , Shimbo Daichi , Muntner Paul , Greene Tom , Bates Jeffrey T. , Chang Tara I. , Katz Lois Anne , Rehman Shakaib U. , Roumie Christianne L. , Tamariz Leonardo , King Jordan B.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Describing the antihypertensive medication regimens used in the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) would contextualize the standard and intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) interventions and may inform future implementation efforts to achieve population-wide intensive SBP goals.

Methods:

We included SPRINT participants with complete medication data at the prerandomization and 12-month visits. Regimens were categorized by antihypertensive medication class. Analyses were stratified by treatment group (standard goal SBP <140 mm Hg versus intensive goal SBP <120 mm Hg).

Results:

Among 7860 participants (83.7% of 9361 randomized), the median number of classes used at the prerandomization visit was 2.0 and 2.0 in the standard and intensive groups (
P
=0.559). At 12-months, the median number of classes used was 3.0 and 2.0 in the intensive and standard groups (
P
<0.001). Prerandomization, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE), or angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) monotherapy was the most common regimen in the intensive and standard groups (12.6% versus 12.2%). At 12-months, ACE/ARB monotherapy was still the most common regimen among standard group participants (14.7%) and was used by 5.3% of intensive group participants. Multidrug regimens used by the intensive and standard participants at 12 months were as follows: an ACE/ARB with thiazide (12.2% and 7.9%); an ACE/ARB with calcium channel blocker (6.2% and 6.8%); an ACE/ARB, thiazide, and calcium channel blocker (11.4% and 4.3%); and an ACE/ARB, thiazide, calcium channel blocker, and beta-blocker (6.5% and 1.2%).

Conclusions:

SPRINT investigators favored combining ACEs or ARBs, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers to target SBP <120 mm Hg, compared to ACE/ARB monotherapy to target SBP <140 mm Hg.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Cortinarius insanus (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycota), a new bovinoid Telamonia outside sect. Bovini
Authors: BELLANGER JEAN-MICHEL , SCHMIDT-STOHN GEERT , BIDAUD ANDRÉ , BALLARÀ JOSEP , CARTERET XAVIER , DIMA BÁLINT
Published: December 2022

The authors describe a bovinoid Cortinarius species new to science, C. insanus sp. nov., sister to the poorly known and phylogenetically isolated C. furiosus, emended here. Section Furiosi sect. nov. is also introduced to accommodate the two taxa and distinguish them from other bovinoid lineages.
Restoring the original taxonomic concept for Navarretia minima (Polemoniaceae): a revised synonymy and new combination
Authors: JOHNSON LEIGH A. , GOWEN DAVID
Published: December 2022

The taxonomic concept for Navarretia minima, when treated as a species or as a subspecies of N. leucocephala, has drifted dramatically from the protologue and original material on which the name is based. Taxonomic concepts from regional floristic works are reviewed to understand the historical context of this drift. Navarretia minima is re-established in a manner consistent with the protologue and original material. Navarretia furnissii is placed in synonymy under N. minima, and a new combination, N. leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii comb. et stat. nov., is established as the proper name for plants that morphologically fit the contemporary, prevailing concept for N. leucocephala subsp. minima. This new combination is based on N. suksdorfii, a taxon that has either been ignored or considered in synonymy under N. minima. Lectotypification is provided for both N. minima and N. suksdorfii.
Spatial Patterns and Magnitudes of Agriculturally Pertinent Climate Indicators across Agroecosystems in Türkiye
Authors: Irmak Suat , Kukal Meetpal S. , Topcu Sevilay
Published: December 2022

This research utilized NASA–Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) datasets to quantify and map long-term annual and growing-season mean maximum, minimum, and mean air temperatures (Tmax, Tmin, and Tavg); diurnal temperature range (DTR); growing degree-days (thermal unit) (GDD); seasonal total precipitation; mean daily precipitation; incoming shortwave radiation Rs; relative humidity (RH); wind speed u2; saturation and actual vapor pressures (es and ea); vapor pressure deficit (VPD); grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration (ETo and ETr); and aridity index (AI) over the nine agricultural zones of Türkiye (Turkey). In addition to the latitudinal influence, the influence of continentality and oceanity effects and physiographic features were evident in the spatial patterns of all climate indicators. Tmin was the most spatially variable indicator at both scales, which can have significant impact on nighttime respiration, potentially reducing agroecosystem productivity. At the annual scale, climate indicators that showed coefficient of variation (CV) greater than 0.20 were GDD, Tavg, VPD, AI, and ea. Growing-season mean indicators with CV > 0.20 were GDD, AI, VPD, total precipitation, mean daily precipitation, and ea. The Rs showed the least spatial variability at both scales. Annual-scale mean CV (0.21) was 7% greater than that the growing season (0.19). To the best of our knowledge, the analyses, information, and resources presented here are the first to quantify agricultural-zone-specific climate indicators during the growing season in Türkiye and are invaluable for decision-making on issues at the intersection of meteorology, agriculture, water resources, and hydrology.
Validation of the Reproducibility of Warm-Season Northeast China Cold Vortices for ERA5 and MERRA-2 Reanalysis
Authors: Gong Ying , Yang Sen , Yin Jinfang , Wang Shu , Pan Xiao , Li Deqin , Yi Xue
Published: December 2022

Reanalysis datasets have been widely used in meteorological research, including studies of Northeast China cold vortices (NCCVs), where these datasets act as effective substitutes for observations. However, to date, no studies have focused on their performance in reproducing NCCVs. To address this knowledge gap, we adopted an automatic three-step identification algorithm (TIA) and used it to detect NCCVs from ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalysis datasets spanning 39 warm seasons (May–September) during the period from 1980 to 2018. A comparative method was employed for a rough verification of the characteristics of the reproduced NCCVs. Moreover, a dataset derived from 1370 Chinese ground-based observational stations was used to verify the performance of the reanalysis models in reproducing the precipitation and air temperature associated with NCCVs. The results show that the TIA identified the majority of NCCVs, with an accuracy of approximately 90% from ERA5 or MERRA-2. Both reanalysis models can reproduce the characteristics of NCCVs (including location, strength, and duration), and both replicate air temperature better than precipitation. ERA5 and MERRA-2 showed strong consistency in reproducing the central longitude, central latitude, central height, and range of NCCVs, with correlation coefficients of 0.974, 0.972, 0.996, and 0.919, respectively, at the 99.9% significance level. The daily average 2-m temperatures in both reanalysis datasets were in good agreement with observations; however, overestimations of approximately 7°–8°C arose in steep high-altitude regions. In addition, both models tended to overestimate light rain (≤5 mm day−1) by approximately 1.2 mm and underestimate heavy rain (≥20 mm day−1) by over 6.7 mm.
An investigation on the size-effects on thickness-distribution of directionally rolled multi-stage deep-drawn copper cups through finite element analysis, and its validation through experimentation employed scaling law
Authors: Sivam S.P. Sundar Singh , Rajendran R.
Published: December 2022

Most sectors are moving towards downsizing products that retain high standards of quality and satisfy customer needs. Miniaturisation of components typically makes use of scaling rules. In this work, we use the idea of similarity theory to investigate the micro-and nano-scale thinning behaviours of multi-stage deep-drawn cups. Deep drawing with a limiting draw ratio (LDR) of 1.69 was used to shape ETP copper sheets into cylindrical cups via annealing and directionally rolling. Each rolling pass consists of nine incremental passes that result in a 50% reduction in thickness. The influence of scaling laws for uni and bi-directional rolling was studied, and scaled dies and punch sets were employed to create scaled cups of five different thicknesses, each 50% of the original 6 mm. For this simulation, we used Altair INSPIRE, a sort of explicit finite element analysis that uses real-world material test data. To investigate the impact of thickness variation across all scaled cups, measurements of the thickness were taken at three points on multi-stage deep-drawn cups. Bi-directional rolling produced cups with less thickness variance than uni-directional rolling. All the scaled cups had a consistency greater than the mean at the lip point and less at the cup base for both ways of rolling, it was also noticed. Physical evaluations of the drawn cups for extreme values verified that the inferred variations lie within ±15% of their original thickness for all cups, and the mean thickness likewise has 50% of its multi-stage-drawing, proving the applicability of the scaling rules.
Engineering amino acid uptake or catabolism promotes CAR T-cell adaption to the tumor environment
Authors: Panetti Silvia , McJannett Nicola , Fultang Livingstone , Booth Sarah , Gneo Luciana , Scarpa Ugo , Smith Charles , Vardon Ashley , Vettore Lisa , Whalley Celina , Pan Yi , Várnai Csilla , Endou Hitoshi , Barlow Jonathan , Tennant Daniel , Beggs Andrew , Mussai Francis , De Santo Carmela
Published: December 2022

Cancer cells take up amino acids from the extracellular space to drive cell proliferation and viability. Similar mechanisms are applied by immune cells, resulting in the competition between conventional T cells, or indeed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and tumor cells, for the limited availability of amino acids within the environment. We demonstrate that T cells can be re-engineered to express SLC7A5 or SLC7A11 transmembrane amino acid transporters alongside CARs. Transporter modifications increase CAR T-cell proliferation under low tryptophan or cystine conditions with no loss of CAR cytotoxicity or increased exhaustion. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis reveals that downstream, SLC7A5/SLC7A11–modified CAR T cells upregulate intracellular arginase expression and activity. In turn, we engineer and phenotype a further generation of CAR T cells that express functional arginase 1/arginase 2 enzymes and have enhanced CAR T-cell proliferation and antitumor activity. Thus, CAR T cells can be adapted to the amino acid metabolic microenvironment of cancer, a hitherto recognized but unaddressed barrier for successful CAR T-cell therapy.
Obstetric and perioperative management of patients with factor XI deficiency: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Handa Shivani , Sterpi Michelle , Sacchi De Camargo Correia Guilherme , Frankel David S. , Beilin Yaakov , Cytryn Lawrence , Hawkins Katherine , Frankel Etta
Published: December 2022

Factor XI (FXI) deficiency is an autosomal inherited, milder bleeding disorder that may predispose to a potential risk of life-threatening bleeding during childbirth or surgery. Unfortunately, data regarding obstetric and perioperative management of this condition are scarce, with limited cases reviewed in the last decade. Therefore, the present study aimed to expand this database and identify factors associated with increased bleeding risk. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with FXI deficiency who underwent childbirth or other surgical procedures between August 2011 and April 2021 within a single academic health system and identified 198 patients who underwent 252 procedures, including 143 vaginal deliveries, 63 cesarean deliveries, and 46 other surgical procedures. Thirty-three of the 252 procedures resulted in bleeding complications. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, personal history of bleeding was the strongest predictor of perioperative or obstetric bleeding (odds ratio [OR], 5.92; P = .001). Higher FXI levels were correlated with lower odds of bleeding (OR, 0.72 with every 10 U/dL increase in FXI level; P = .05). On receiver operative characteristic analysis, FXI level of >40 U/dL predicted a lower bleeding risk with reasonable specificity (75%) but lacked sensitivity (47%). A family history of bleeding, ethnicity, genotype, preprocedural partial thromboplastin time, and platelet levels were not associated with bleeding risk. There were no cases of epidural or spinal hematoma associated with neuraxial anesthesia. FXI levels remain stable during pregnancy and repeated measurements may not be necessary.
CREB1 regulates KPNA2 by inhibiting mir-495-3p transcription to control melanoma progression
Authors: Geng Xuerui , Qiu Xiujuan , Gao Jun , Gong Zhifan , Zhou Xiaogang , Liu Chunlei , Luo Haichao
Published: December 2022

Background

Melanoma is a common type of skin cancer, and its incidence is increasing gradually. Exploring melanoma pathogenesis helps to find new treatments.

Objective

We aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms by which CREB1 regulates melanoma.

Methods

TransmiR and ALGGEN were used to predict targets of CREB1 in the promoter of miR-495-3p or miR-495-3p and KPNA2, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect binding of CREB1 to these promoters. In addition, binding of CREB1 to the miR-495-3p promoter was confirmed by a ChIP assay. qRT‒PCR was carried out to detect mRNA levels of miR-495-3p, CREB1 and KPNA2. An EdU assay was conducted to detect cell viability. Transwell assays and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell migration and invasion and apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, factors associated with overall survival were analysed by using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Our results show miR-495-3p to be significantly decreased in melanoma. Additionally, miR-495-3p overexpression inhibited melanoma cell viability. CREB1 targeted miR-495-3p, and CREB1 overexpression enhanced melanoma cell viability by inhibiting miR-495-3p transcription. Moreover, miR-495-3p targeted KPNA2, and CREB1 regulated KPNA2 by inhibiting miR-495-3p transcription to enhance melanoma cell viability.

Conclusion

CREB1 regulates KPNA2 by inhibiting miR-495-3p transcription to control melanoma progression. Our results indicate the molecular mechanism by which the CREB1/miR-495-3p/KPNA2 axis regulates melanoma progression.
Basic biochemical and hematological parameters of structural hemoglobin variants in the postpartum women and their respective newborn from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Brito Roberta , de Lima Barros Lecita Marreira , Moreira Lilian Wallace , Normando Regina Neves , de Jesus Thiago Bacha , de Souza Gonçalves Marilda , Ramasawmy Rajendranath , de Oliveira Stéfani Ferreira , da Silva Keyla Emanulle Ramos , Fraiji Nelson Abrahim , da Hora Larissa Feitosa , de Abreu Netto Rebeca Linhares , de Moura Neto José Pereira
Published: December 2022

The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of structural hemoglobinopathies in newborn and describing the hematological and biochemical characteristics between postpartum women (PW) and their respective newborns (NB) at a public maternity hospital in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. In total, 825 NB and 820 PW were included in the study. Hematological and biochemical analysis and screening of structural hemoglobinopathies were performed and compared in groups of individuals (NICU or not; hemoglobin genotypes; gestational age and prenatal). The age of PW ranged from 13 to 44 years old (mean of 23.7 ± 6.6 years), with 45.9% pregnant for the first time and 54.1% multiparous. Reported receiving prenatal care 88% and regarding the type of delivery, 47.7% had delivered by cesarean section. Among the births, 19.4% were born premature and 8.3% were admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The male NB represented 53.4% of the total. Sickle cell trait (FAS) was found in 16 (1.94%) and heterozygous for D hemoglobin (FAD) in 6 (0.73%) newborns. A statistically significant values was found between the previous history of miscarriage and increase of Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < .001), Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) (p = .003), total and indirect bilirubin concentration (p < .001) and LDL cholesterol (p = .004). Hemoglobin levels below 13.5 g/dL was found in 66% black newborns, compared with 15% of Afro-Brazilian and 5% of whites. The frequency of structural hemoglobinopathies was higher in African-Brazilian newborn babies (78%) and those who with low birth weight had a higher frequency of NICU (35.7%). Interestingly, underage mothers had a higher frequency of NB with low birth weight and premature birth. Postpartum women who had children carriers of FAS and FAD had a higher frequency of urinary tract infection (65.2%) and moderate anemia (23.8%). This study estimated for the first time the prevalence of structural hemoglobinopathies in NB in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Despite the small prevalence of, we highlight the importance of early diagnosis of hemoglobin variants, contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of PW and your NB, reinforce the need to implement educational and prevention programs to raise awareness among the population and in order to counsel parents regarding the probability of having a child with abnormal hemoglobins homozygous as HbSS or HbCC.