bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of unmanned aerial vehicles in relation to the specifications and provisions of Polish and international law
Authors:   UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Balcer Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

The article presents the difficulty in making a homogeneous typification of unmanned aerial vehicles. The study presents the classification of drones based on their specification and legal regulations. In addition, to be able to categorize drones based on applicable regulations, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the operations that drones can perform. The legal side was outlined, referring to the use of UAVs both in Poland and in European countries, but also around the world.
Numerical analyses of welding and heat treatment processes using SYSWELD software
Authors:   UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Swacha Piotr , Kotyk Maciej ,   UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Stachowiak Radosław ,   UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Ziółkowski Wojciech ,   UTP University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Published: August 2024

The main purpose of the work was to present the possibility of numerical analysis of the welding process and heat treatment with the use of the SYSWELD numerical software. Selected tools included in the SYSWELD software package are described in the paper. Examples of possible simulations of technological processes and the results that can be obtained on their basis are presented. The basic stages of the simulation, and the input data required to perform it have been defined. Two examples are also presented including simulation of T-joint welding process and grip hardening process of a testing machine. Results were presented in the form of color maps and graphs. In addition, their analysis was done. The conducted analyzes showed that the presented numerical tool can be a valuable source of information about the simulated process. The data obtained can form the basis for the optimization of individual processes.
Pola Struktur Gaya Bahasa Tasybīh dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Ilham Muhammad Arifin , Hibatullah Fairuz Azhar , Sopian Asep , Nurmala Mia
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the structural analysis of the tasybih language style in the verses of the Al-Qur'an. With a literature study approach, the qualitative method collects data by understanding and studying theories from various relevant literature sources. The main data source in this research is the Al-Qur'an, while additional data sources were obtained from various journals and research articles about Tasybih. Next, data from these research sources will be classified to find several Qur'an verses containing Tasybih. After the data from the research source is presented, the final step is to verify or conclude from the data that has been collected. At this stage, analysis is carried out to identify Koran verses containing Tasybih.  The research results show that although Bayan Science has several discussion branches, Tasybih has its function and characteristics. There are similarities in the structure of the 7 Tasybih verses in the Al-Qur'an studied: they are all in the form of mujmal tasybih. It is hoped that this research can provide a deeper understanding of Tasybih and contribute to the study of Arabic linguistics and literature in general.
KONSEP DIRI PADA ISTRI SEBAGAI TULANG PUNGGUNG KELUARGA DI DESA PANGARENGAN KECAMATAN RAJEG KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Graha Permata Sari  , Hayati  , Faradila Ishara Lestari
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Konsep Diri Pada Istri Sebagai Tulang Punggung Keluarga, di Kampung Baru, Desa Pangarengan, Kecamatan Rajeg, Kabupaten Tangerang. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran konsep diri pada isti sebagai tulang punggung keluarga dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Untuk melihat bagaimana gamabaran konsep diri pada istri sebagai tulang punggung keluarga penulis menggunakan teori konsep diri Fiits (1975) dalam Agustiani (2009), yaitu konsep diri dimensi internal dan ekstrenal, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsep diri. Metode yang digunakan pada peelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi. Penentuan subjek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling dengan tiga subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa gambaran konsep diri pada istri sebagai tulang punggung keluarga pada ketiga subjek memiliki konsep diri cenderung positif.
Research Trend Analysis using Word2Vec and Entropy
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Jo Seokyeon , Kwon Kyungmin , Lee Hanjun
Published: August 2024

To understand trends in a specific research field, qualitative literature analysis of major papers published in that field has traditionally been used. Recently, there has been an increasing effort to quantitatively analyze large volumes of literature using text analysis techniques. This study proposes an analysis method utilizing word embedding and entropy. The proposed method is applied to analyze literature in the field of Management Information Systems (MIS). For this purpose, 12,704 papers published in major MIS journals were collected. Word2Vec and annual keyword clustering were applied to 7,813 keywords extracted from these papers, and the research trends in the MIS field were analyzed through vector similarity analysis. Furthermore, research topics were visualized and classified according to their life cycles based on the rate of entropy change and average values. The method proposed in this study is applicable to various research fields and holds significance as a quantitative approach to analyzing large volumes of literature.
A study on the selection of Japanese popular songs suitable for high school Japanese language teaching using text mining
Authors:   The Korean Data Analysis Society, Nam GiBeom , Moon HyungBin
Published: August 2024

Language training with songs is not only effective in engaging learners, but also in improving their language skills. While a lot of research on the topic of English education using pop songs have been conducted, few have tried and tested the effectiveness of teaching Japanese using Japanese pop songs. This study aims to propose criteria for selecting songs suitable for language teaching, considering the educational goals set forth in the Japanese language curriculum. To this end, this study collected Japanese songs from domestic music sites and analyzed 634 songs. Next, this study set the criteria for selecting appropriate songs from a grammar and vocabulary perspective. Specifically, 1) the proportion of words included in the high school Japanese curriculum, 2) the number of verbs, and 3) the proportion and the variety of verb conjugations were introduced as selection criteria. In the end, three songs were selected that met a certain level of criteria for each of these criteria. This study is significant in that it proposes a method for selecting songs suitable for Japanese language education by utilizing text mining techniques.
Edukasi Literasi Keuangan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri
Authors: Yudin Jaki , Wijaya Dede Trisna , Nuratipa Delis Lestia
Published: August 2024

Financial literacy in Indonesia, especially in rural areas, still needs to be improved. In Sindangkasih District, Majalengka, three elementary schools face challenges in teaching financial literacy to students. This community service program aims to instill an understanding of financial literacy and encourage creative practices for students to manage their finances. Financial literacy education is carried out through conventional methods, including three stages: planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The results of this activity show that students' understanding of money management reaches an average of more than 60%, and the frequency of students' saving activities is around twice a week. These findings indicate that students can gradually understand and apply financial literacy education, especially through routine savings habits.
Gamma-Ray Self-Absorption Corrections in Stainless Steel 12Х18Н10Т for the Needs of Non-Destructive Isotopic Differentiation of Shielded Actinides
Authors: Pylypchynets I. V , Lengyel A.I. , Parlag O.O. , Oleinikov E.V. , Holovey V.M. , Zhiguts Yu.Yu. , Pyskach V.V.
Published: August 2024

One of the main tasks of nuclear science and technology is related to the development of methods of countermeasures, circulation, non-proliferation, and safe use of shielded nuclear materials - actinides. To solve this problem, information about their isotopic and quantitative composition is necessary. One of the main methods of non-destructive differentiation of shielded actinides, which is constantly being developed, is based on the use of their characteristic or stimulated gamma rays. For its implementation, information on the self- absorption of gamma rays of a wide energy range in screens (combinations of the elements from which they are made) is required. The results of calculations of the dependence of the self-absorption values of gamma rays in stainless steel 12X18N10 on their energy (100 keV ÷ 3000 keV) at fixed values of the screen thickness (0.1 ÷ 20 mm) are presented in the article. It was established that the self-absorption of gamma rays has smaller values for the energy range of spectrometric measurements of stimulated gamma rays compared to the energy range of spectrometry of characteristic gamma rays during the differentiation of shielded actinides. The energy range of gamma rays from 1000 to 3000 keV was determined, which can be considered optimal for the spectrometry of stimulated gamma rays from shielded actinides during their differentiation.
The Transformational Journey of Indian Women Entrepreneurs in the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission
Authors: Rani Nisha
Published: August 2024

Achieving the goals of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission will require empowering women in a variety of fields, including research and development, science and technology, art, culture, and literature, as well as economic and social empowerment and uplifting education. Since women make up 50% of our population, this will be especially important. The Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission's goals can be achieved and the nation's economy can grow as a result of women becoming economically empowered through women entrepreneurs. It used to be that women could only work in a few industries, like pickles and papads, but as awareness and education among women have grown over time, more and more women are now employed in a variety of non- traditional fields, including animation, travel and tourism, hardware and networking, and IT software. Based on their circumstances in the nation, women entrepreneurs must be supported and encouraged in order for the government of India to achieve its Self- Reliant India Mission. With these considerations in mind, the present study aims to examine the current state of women's entrepreneurship in India and the influence of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Mission on women entrepreneurs.
Automatic Detection of Large-scale Flux Ropes and Their Geoeffectiveness with a Machine-learning Approach
Authors: Pal Sanchita , G. dos Santos Luiz F. , Weiss Andreas J. , Narock Thomas , Narock Ayris , Nieves-Chinchilla Teresa , Jian Lan K. , Good Simon W.
Published: August 2024

Detecting large-scale flux ropes (FRs) embedded in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and assessing their geoeffectiveness are essential, since they can drive severe space weather. At 1 au, these FRs have an average duration of 1 day. Their most common magnetic features are large, smoothly rotating magnetic fields. Their manual detection has become a relatively common practice over decades, although visual detection can be time-consuming and subject to observer bias. Our study proposes a pipeline that utilizes two supervised binary classification machine-learning models trained with solar wind magnetic properties to automatically detect large-scale FRs and additionally determine their geoeffectiveness. The first model is used to generate a list of autodetected FRs. Using the properties of the southward magnetic field, the second model determines the geoeffectiveness of FRs. Our method identifies 88.6% and 80% of large-scale ICMEs (duration ≥ 1 day) observed at 1 au by the Wind and the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory missions, respectively. While testing with continuous solar wind data obtained from Wind, our pipeline detected 56 of the 64 large-scale ICMEs during the 2008–2014 period (recall = 0.875), but also many false positives (precision = 0.56), as we do not take into account any additional solar wind properties other than the magnetic properties. We find an accuracy of 0.88 when estimating the geoeffectiveness of the autodetected FRs using our method. Thus, in space-weather nowcasting and forecasting at L1 or any planetary missions, our pipeline can be utilized to offer a first-order detection of large-scale FRs and their geoeffectiveness.
Effects of Radiative Transfer on the Observed Anisotropy in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulent Molecular Simulations
Authors: Hernández-Padilla D. , Esquivel A. , Lazarian A. , Velázquez P. F. , Cho J.
Published: August 2024

We study the anisotropy of centroid and integrated intensity maps with synthetic observations. We perform postprocess radiative transfer including the optically thick regime that was not covered in Hernández-Padilla et al. We consider the emission in various CO molecular lines that range from optically thin to optically thick (12CO, 13CO, C18O, and C17O). The results for the velocity centroids are similar to those in the optically thin case. For instance, the anisotropy observed can be attributed to the Alfvén mode, which dominates over the slow and fast modes when the line of sight is at a high inclination with respect to the mean magnetic field. A few differences arise in the models with higher opacity, where some dependence on the sonic Mach number becomes evident. In contrast to the optically thin case, maps of integrated intensity become more anisotropic in optically thick lines. In this situation the scales probed are restricted, due to absorption, to smaller scales, which are known to be more anisotropic. We discuss how the sonic Mach number can affect the latter results, with highly supersonic cases exhibiting a lower degree of anisotropy.
A Census of the Deep Radio Sky with the VLA. I. 10 GHz Survey of the GOODS-N Field*
Authors: Jiménez-Andrade Eric F. , Murphy Eric J. , Momjian Emmanuel , Condon James J. , Chary Ranga-Ram , Taylor Russ , Dickinson Mark
Published: August 2024

We present the first high-resolution, high-frequency radio continuum survey that fully maps an extragalactic deep field: the 10 GHz survey of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-N) field. This is a Large Program of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) that allocated 380 hr of observations using the X-band (8–12 GHz) receivers, leading to a 10 GHz mosaic of the GOODS-N field with an average rms noise σ
n = 671 nJy beam−1 and angular resolution θ
1/2 = 0.″22 across 297 arcmin2. To maximize the brightness sensitivity we also produce a low-resolution mosaic with θ
1/2 = 1.″0 and σ
n = 968 nJy beam−1, from which we derive our master catalog containing 256 radio sources detected with peak signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 5. Radio source size and flux density estimates from the high-resolution mosaic are provided in the master catalog as well. The total fraction of spurious sources in the catalog is 0.75%. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to derive completeness corrections of the catalog. We find that the 10 GHz radio source counts in the GOODS-N field agree, in general, with predictions from numerical simulations/models and expectations from 1.4 and 3 GHz radio counts.
Exploring the Complex Ionization Environment of the Turbulent DM Tau Disk
Authors: Long Deryl E. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Adams Fred C. , Andrews Sean , Bergin Edwin A. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Huang Jane , Hughes A. Meredith , Qi Chunhua , Schwarz Kamber , Simon Jacob B. , Wilner David
Published: August 2024

Ionization drives important chemical and dynamical processes within protoplanetary disks, including the formation of organics and water in the cold midplane and the transportation of material via accretion and magnetohydrodynamic flows. Understanding these ionization-driven processes is crucial for understanding disk evolution and planet formation. We use new and archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of HCO+, H13CO+, and N2H+ to produce the first forward-modeled 2D ionization constraints for the DM Tau protoplanetary disk. We include ionization from multiple sources and explore the disk chemistry under a range of ionizing conditions. Abundances from our 2D chemical models are postprocessed using non-LTE radiative transfer, visibility sampling, and imaging, and are compared directly to the observed radial emission profiles. The observations are best fit by a modestly reduced cosmic-ray ionization rate (ζ
CR ∼10−18 s−1) and a hard X-ray spectrum (hardness ratio = 0.3), which we associate with stellar flaring conditions. Our best-fit model underproduces emission in the inner disk, suggesting that there may be an additional mechanism enhancing ionization in DM Tau’s inner disk. Overall, our findings highlight the complexity of ionization in protoplanetary disks and the need for high-resolution multiline studies.
Measurement of Anisotropies in Supernova Remnant Observations and Their Interpretation Using Numerical Models
Authors: Mandal Soham , Duffell Paul C. , Polin Abigail , Milisavljevic Dan
Published: August 2024

Supernova remnants (SNRs) exhibit varying degrees of anisotropy, which have been extensively modeled using numerical methods. We implement a technique to measure anisotropies in SNRs by calculating power spectra from their high-resolution images. To test this technique, we develop 3D hydrodynamical models of SNRs and generate synthetic X-ray images from them. Power spectra extracted from both the 3D models and the synthetic images exhibit the same dominant angular scale, which separates large-scale features from small-scale features due to hydrodynamic instabilities. The angular power spectrum at small length scales during relatively early times is too steep to be consistent with Kolmogorov turbulence, but it transitions to Kolmogorov turbulence at late times. As an example of how this technique can be applied to observations, we extract a power spectrum from a Chandra observation of Tycho’s SNR and compare with our models. Our predicted power spectrum picks out the angular scale of Tycho’s fleecelike structures and also agrees with the small-scale power seen in Tycho. We use this to extract an estimate for the density of the circumstellar gas (n ∼ 0.28 cm−3), consistent with previous measurements of this density by other means. The power spectrum also provides an estimate of the density profile of the outermost ejecta. Moreover, we observe additional power at large scales, which may provide important clues about the explosion mechanism itself.
Occurrence of Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability at Lunar Distance Magnetopause: ARTEMIS Observation
Authors: Feng J. Y. , Zhou Y. , Lu J. Y. , Wang M. , Li J. Y. , Zhang H. X. , Tang F. , Yue F. L.
Published: August 2024

Kelvin–Helmholtz waves can be observed frequently at the near-Earth magnetopause and play an important role in the transport of particles, momentum, and energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. This work analyzes the occurrence of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) at lunar distance magnetopause, which has not been thoroughly studied currently based on Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun satellite observations, and it also investigates the effect of the upstream solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Statistical results show that (1) the occurrence rate is about 15% of the time at lunar distance, lower than at the flank magnetopause, and (2) the occurrence rate decreases with the magnetoacoustic Mach number, Alfvén Mach number, solar wind velocity, and dynamic pressure but only shows a slightly positive correlation with solar wind density. Unlike at the dayside magnetopause, the occurrence rate of KHI diminishes as the solar wind velocity increases at the lunar distance magnetopause, and (3) the occurrence rate decreases with IMF amplitude and is influenced by IMF orientation. As a function of the IMF clock angle, the occurrence rate reaches its maximum at ∼24% when the clock angle is zero. The statistical results are basically consistent with the currently accepted linear theory of KHI, except for a lower rate for higher-speed solar wind. This work contributes to understanding the excitation and evolution of KHI along the magnetopause and plasma transport process in the tail magnetopause.
Two Models for the Orbital Modulation of Gamma Rays in Cyg X-3
Authors: Dmytriiev Anton , Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Malyshev Denys , Bosch-Ramon Valentí , Chernyakova Maria
Published: August 2024

We model the currently available γ-ray data on Cyg X-3 from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Thanks to Cyg X-3’s very strong γ-ray activity during 2018–2021, the data quality has significantly improved. We study the strong orbital modulation of the γ-rays observed at high γ-ray fluxes. The modulation, as found earlier, is well modeled by anisotropic Compton scattering of the donor blackbody emission by relativistic electrons in a jet strongly misaligned with respect to the orbital axis. We confirm that this model fits well both the average γ-ray modulation light curve and the spectrum. However, we find that if the jet were aligned with the spin axis of a rotating black hole, it would undergo geodetic precession with a period of ∼50 yr. However, its presence is ruled out by both the γ-ray and radio data. Therefore, we consider an alternative model in which the average jet direction is aligned, but it is bent outside the orbit owing to the thrust of the donor stellar wind, and thus precesses at the orbital period. The γ-ray modulation then appears as a result of the variable Doppler boosting of synchrotron self-Compton jet emission. This model also fits the data well. However, the fitted bending angle is much larger than the theoretical one based on the binary and wind parameters as currently known. Thus, both models disagree with important aspects of our current theoretical understanding of the system. We discuss possible ways to find the correct model.
Likely Detection of GeV γ-Ray Emission from Pulsar Wind Nebula G32.64+0.53 with Fermi-LAT
Authors: Xiao Yifan , Wu Keyao , Fang Jun
Published: August 2024

In this study, we report the likely GeV γ-ray emissions originating from the pulsar PSR J1849-0001's pulsar wind nebula (PWN) G32.64+0.53. Our analysis covers approximately 14.7 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope Pass 8. The position of the source and its spectrum matches those in X-ray and TeV energy bands, so we propose that the GeV γ-ray source is indicative of PWN G32.64+0.53. We interpret the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) using a time-dependent one-zone model, which assumes that the multiband nonthermal emission of the target source can be generated by synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of the electrons/positrons. Our findings demonstrate that the model substantially elucidates the observed SED. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the γ-ray source originates from the PWN G32.64+0.53 powered by PSR J1849-0001. Furthermore, the γ-rays in TeV bands are likely generated by electrons/positrons within the nebula through ICS.
Environments around Quasars at z ∼ 3 Revealed by Wide-field Imaging with Subaru HSC and CFHT
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Toshikawa Jun , Gwyn Stephen , Imanishi Masatoshi , Liu Chengze , Noboriguchi Akatoki , Sawicki Marcin , Toba Yoshiki
Published: August 2024

We examine the local density environments around 67 quasars at z ∼ 3 by combining the imaging data of Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program and Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Large Area U-band Deep Survey over about 20 deg2. Our measurements exploit U-dropout galaxies in the vicinities of quasars taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that the quasars have an indistinguishable surrounding density distribution from the U-dropout galaxies and that three quasars are associated with protocluster candidates within a projected separation of 3′. According to a halo evolutionary model, our results suggest that quasars at this epoch occupy haloes with a typical mass of

1.3

−
0.9

+
1.4

×

10

13

h

−
1

M

⊙

. We also investigate the dependence of the local galaxy overdensity on ultraviolet (UV) luminosities, black hole masses, and proximity zone sizes of the quasars, but no statistically significant correlation was found. Finally, we find that the local density of faint U-dropout galaxies are lower than that of bright U-dropout galaxies within a projected distance of 0.51 ± 0.05 physical Mpc, where the quasar UV radiation is 30 times more intense than background UV radiation. We argue that photoevaporation may suppress galaxy formation at short distances where the quasar UV intensity is strong, even in massive haloes.
Light Scattering Measurements of KCl Particles as an Exoplanet Cloud Analog
Authors: Hamill Colin D. , Johnson Alexandria V. , Gao Peter
Published: August 2024

Salt clouds are predicted to be common on warm exoplanets, but their optical properties are uncertain. The Exoplanet Cloud Ensemble Scattering System (ExCESS), a new apparatus to measure the scattering intensity and degree of linear polarization for an ensemble of particles, is introduced here and used to study the light scattering properties of KCl cloud analogs. ExCESS illuminates particles with a polarized laser beam (532 nm) and uses a photomultiplier tube detector to sweep the plane of illumination. Scattering measurements for KCl particles were collected for three size distributions representative of modeled clouds for the warm exoplanet GJ 1214b. Our measurements show that Lorenz–Mie calculations, commonly used to estimate the light scattering properties of assumedly spherical cloud particles, offer an inaccurate depiction of cubic and cuboid KCl particles. All of our measurements indicate that Lorenz–Mie scattering overestimates the backscattering intensity of our cloud analogs and incorrectly predicts the scattering at mid-phase angles (∼90°) and the preferential polarization state of KCl scattered light. Our results align with the general scattering properties of nonspherical particles and underscore the importance of further understanding the effects that such particles will have on radiative transfer models of exoplanet atmospheres and reflected light observations of exoplanets by the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and Habitable Worlds Observatory.
Temporal Variations of 222Rn Density Distributions in the Lunar Exosphere
Authors: Lai Ian-Lin , Ip Wing-Huen
Published: August 2024

Because of radiogenic processes, the lunar interior is a source of rare gases like helium (4He), argon (40Ar), and radon (222Rn) that might be released continuously, or impulsively during moonquakes. The detection of radon is therefore important in the sense that it can help trace the crustal dynamics on the Moon. In this study, we will introduce a Monte Carlo–based model designed to investigate the time-dependent transient dynamics of the lunar 222Rn exosphere. Our model accounts for the background emission and transient ejection of gas molecules from the lunar surface, encompassing loss processes such as radioactive decay, photoionization, and the cold trapping in permanently shadowed regions near the poles. Additionally, it incorporates the diurnal temperature fluctuations of the lunar surface, which significantly influence the condensation duration of the radon atoms and their subsequent release near the sunrise. This model also can support future observations in missions such as Chang’E 6 or other lunar explorations.
Freeze-dried erythromycin nanocrystals: preparation, characterisation, antimicrobial activity, and aerodynamic properties
Authors: Abu Ershaid Juhaina M. , Abudoleh Suha M. , Lafi Dima N.
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aims to present the development and evaluation of freeze-dried erythromycin nanocrystals to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and antibacterial potency of erythromycin.

Results: Erythromycin nanocrystals had a particle size of 239.3 ± 24.6 nm with 0.17 ± 0.01 PDI. Erythromycin nanocrystals had significantly higher saturation solubility and a faster dissolution rate compared to coarse erythromycin. Nanocrystals showed a high drug content of 92.69% ± 2.82, while the aerodynamic characteristics demonstrated an emitted dose (ED%) of 83.68% ± 5.32 with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.13 µm. Around half reduction of the minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed against P. aeruginosa and E. coli (125 µg and 62.5 µg, respectively).

Conclusion: The nanocrystal formulation of erythromycin presented in this study holds promise as an innovative approach to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and antibacterial activity of erythromycin for effective pulmonary administration.

Graphical abstract
One new species and two new records of Pyrrhocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from China
Authors: Zhao Ping , Ou Minmin , Cao Liangming , Liu Huaiyu , Wang Jianyun
Published: August 2024

A new species, Dindymus albonotum Zhao & Cao, sp. nov., and two newly recorded species, Euscopus robustus Stehlík, 2005 and Brancucciana (Rubriascopus) orientalis Stehlík & Jindra, 2008, belonging to the family Pyrrhocoridae Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoroidea) from China are described and illustrated.
A novel edge-weighted matrix of a graph and its spectral properties with potential applications
Authors: Hayat Sakander , Hosamani Sunilkumar M. , Khan Asad , Hutagi Ravishankar L. , Mujumdar Umesh S. , Alenazi Mohammed J. F.
Published: August 2024

Regarding a simple graph $ \Gamma $ possessing $ \nu $ vertices ($ \nu $-vertex graph) and $ m $ edges, the vertex-weight and weight of an edge $ e = uv $ are defined as $ w(v_{i}) = d_{ \Gamma}(v_{i}) $ and $ w(e) = d_{ \Gamma}(u)+d_{ \Gamma}(v)-2 $, where $ d_{ \Gamma}(v) $ is the degree of $ v $. This paper puts forward a novel graphical matrix named the edge-weighted adjacency matrix (adjacency of the vertices) $ A_{w}(\Gamma) $ of a graph $ \Gamma $ and is defined in such a way that, for any $ v_{i} $ that is adjacent to $ v_{j} $, its $ (i, j) $-entry equals $ w(e) = d_{ \Gamma}(v_{i})+d_{ \Gamma}(v_{j})-2 $; otherwise, it equals 0. The eigenvalues $ \lambda_{1}^{w}\ge \lambda_{2}^{w}\ge\ldots\ge \lambda_{\nu}^{w} $ of $ A_w $ are called the edge-weighted eigenvalues of $ \Gamma $. We investigate the mathematical properties of $ A_{w}(\Gamma) $'s spectral radius $ \lambda_{1}^{w} $ and energy $ E_{w}(\Gamma) = \sum_{i = 1}^{\nu}|\lambda_{i}^{w}| $. Sharp lower and upper bounds are obtained for $ \lambda_{1}^{w} $ and $ E_{w}(\Gamma) $, and the respective extremal graphs are characterized. Further, we employ these spectral descriptors in structure-property modeling of the physicochemical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for a set of benzenoid hydrocarbons (BHs). Detailed regression analysis showcases that edge-weighted energy outperforms classical adjacency energy in structure-property modeling of the physicochemical properties of BHs.
Analysis of finite-time stability in genetic regulatory networks with interval time-varying delays and leakage delay effects
Authors: Samorn Nayika , Mukdasai Kanit , Khonchaiyaphum Issaraporn
Published: August 2024

We primarily examined the effect of leakage delays on finite-time stability problems for genetic regulatory networks with interval time-varying delays. Since leakage delays can occur within the negative feedback components of networks and significantly impact their dynamics, they may potentially cause instability or suboptimal performance. The derived criteria encompass both leakage delays and discrete interval time-varying delays through the construction of a Lyapunov-Krasovskii function. We employed the estimation of various integral inequalities and a reciprocally convex technique. Additionally, these models consider lower bounds on delays, which may be either positive or zero, and allow for the derivatives of delays to be either positive or negative. Consequently, new criteria for genetic regulatory networks with interval time-varying delays under the effect of leakage delays are expressed in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Ultimately, a numerical example is presented to show the effect of leakage delays and to emphasize the significance of our theoretical findings.
Enhanced Agile Methodology for Ontology Development in E-Learning Environments
Authors: Taye Mohammad Mustafa
Published: August 2024

This study explores the use of agile approaches to the creation of ontologies for e-learning, evaluating the benefits and drawbacks as well as the impact on information display. Traditional strategies conflict with the need to fulfill the ever-evolving expectations of users and adapt to the ever-changing features of e-learning environments. The challenge aims to encourage cooperation and versatility in the creation of ontologies for e-learning through the use of Agile standards. Because they make it simpler to organize relationships and statistics, ontologies are vital elements in e-mastering domain names due to the fact that they permit adaptive knowledge of structures and individualized learning experiences. Agile ontology engineering approaches are proposed as a choice for one’s problems, emphasizing flexibility and response. This study highlights the need to work together with customers and incorporate their input into the advent of ontologies. It notably emphasizes using established feedback loops and cooperation with e-learning platform companies. The sensible usefulness and effectiveness of agile methodology for ontology development (AMOD) in e-learning settings are shown through validation efforts in real-global conditions.
Effect of a Self-Regulated Vocabulary Learning Mobile Application on EFL Students' Vocabulary Learning Achievement and Motivation
Authors: Chen Chuang , Nurullizam Jamiat  , Shaoxu Du
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a self-regulated vocabulary learning mobile application (SRVL-MAPP) to improve English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ English vocabulary learning achievement and motivation. To evaluate the effectiveness of SRVL-MAPP, an experiment was conducted with 60 fourth-grade students from a primary school in Henan Province, China. These students were divided into two classes and randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which used SRVL-MAPP, or the control group, which used a mobile vocabulary learning application (NSRVL-MAPP) without the SRL mechanism, with 30 students in each group. The experiment lasted for three weeks. The results revealed that students in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group in both vocabularies learning achievement and motivation. In addition, the results also indicated that SRVL-MAPP significantly improved the English vocabulary learning achievement and motivation of field-dependent learners, while no such effect was observed for field-independent learners.
Ostracods and Benthic Foraminifers Distribution in the Subsurface Sediments of Gargour Coastal Fringe (Southeastern Tunisia)
Authors: Ben Rouina Soumaya , Zarai Rimeh , Touir Jamel
Published: August 2024

A quantitative and qualitative distribution of the foraminiferal and ostracods obtained from a 80 cm length core implanted in Gargour coastal fringe (Southeastern of Tunisia), shows various species. The benthic foraminifera, are composed of two assemblages, (1) Coastal marine assemblage comprising Elphidium crispum, Elphidium advenum, Quinqueloculina bicostata, Quinqueloculina seminula, Adolisina sp., Sorites orbiculus, Peneroplis perstus. (2) Brackish estuarine influences assemblage containing Ammoniana tepida, Ammonia parkinsoniana and Trochamina inflata. The ostracods show three associations, (1) Marine assemblage containing Aurila woodwardii, Semicytherura striata and Loxoconcha rhomboidea. (2) Lagoonal assemblage made up of Leptocythere fabaeformis and Xestoleberis aurantia. (3) Estuarine influences brackish assemblage comprising Cyprideis torosa, Loxoconcha elliptica and Loxoconcha turbida. Three major zones (I, II, and III) were identified based on dominance of ostracods and benthic foraminifera assemblages, coupled with sedimentary facies.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Recent Developments and Challenges for 2D Implantable Materials
Authors: Srivastava Ruchira , Thakur Ayushi , Bahadur Preeti Singh , Rana Ajay
Published: August 2024

The research of tribology is the study of wear, lubrication, and friction. Tribology contributes to fulfilling the demands of advanced technological developments. Bio tribology is fastest-growing domain of tribology. Systems inside the human body are vulnerable to contact stresses, which cause wear and degradation. The healthcare system is burdened financially, yet patients suffer the problems followed by partial or complete system failure. The availability of improved functional materials with strong tribological response and good biocompatibility is crucial for developing more efficient techniques. The authors tried examining developments in two-dimensional (2D) materials in bio-applications involving tribological interactions. This review focuses on biocompatible implant surfaces from a tribological perspective, bio tribology in medical applications. It is seen that there are restrictions in this review, as Tribology is an interdisciplinary field; the results of the study are widespread in various domains, so they are eliminated. The application and utilization discussed opens future prospective.
Advancements in Design, Fabrication, and Applications of Functionally Graded Composite Materials
Authors: Boopathy G. , Palani Sivaprakasam , Ganesan Balaji , Kumaar R. Kousik
Published: August 2024

A thorough analysis of the most current developments in the field of functionally graded composite materials (FGCM) is presented in this book chapter. The design, manufacture, and uses of FGCM are the primary subjects of this investigation. The chapter starts with a summary of FGCM's development and then explores the difficulties in trying to modify these materials' characteristics to suit particular technical requirements. The use of computational tools in the design process and the many manufacturing techniques that are frequently used such as additive manufacturing are given particular consideration. The chapter also examines the many methods such as non-destructive evaluation, analytical procedures, and experimental methods that are used to characterize FGCM. The chapter also illustrates the wide range of uses for FGCM in the energy, aerospace, biomedical, and structural engineering domains, demonstrating the adaptability of these materials. The chapter ends by discussing the problems that are being faced right now as well as the potential future trends.
Developments in Hydrogen Generation and Storage Systems
Authors: Kiran K. , Ravikumar R. , Rout Amruta , Hebbar G. S.
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative energy carrier, offering the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in hydrogen generation and storage systems. It discusses various methods of hydrogen production, including electrolysis, thermochemical processes, and biological approaches, as well as innovations in hydrogen storage technologies such as compressed gas storage, liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides, and chemical hydrogen storage. The chapter also addresses the technical, economic, and environmental challenges associated with these technologies and highlights ongoing research and future directions for the development of efficient and sustainable hydrogen energy systems.
Recent Advancements and Performance Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide-Based Solar Cells
Authors: Tale Bhagyashri U. , Nemade Kailash , Tekade Pradip
Published: August 2024

Energy is the most fundamental need in every field for the development of mankind. Now a days, solar cell/photovoltaic (PV) technology is dominated by silicon. Many researchers take great interest in identification of alternative materials to silicon because of the downside associated with silicon-based solar cell technology is that its manufacturing requires costly ultra-high-purity silicon and this process of manufacturing of solar cell results in significant carbon emission. In such context, this present review deals with basic to the recent advances made in solar cell and TiO2 based hybrid high efficiency third generation solar cells architecture. It is observed that polymer/titanium dioxide/carbon materials-based dye sensitized solar cells have attracted much attention due to the synergetic effects between the components which shows better electrical properties. Further, the improvement in the electrical properties in hybrid materials is attributed to the direct interfacial interaction.
Solar Thermal Energy Storage Technologies for Sustainable Development
Authors: Suresh C. , Gautam Abhishek , Jeon Yongseok
Published: August 2024

The present chapter discusses various types of solar thermal energy storage methods in detail. The chapter includes a discussion on thermo-dynamics of sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermo-chemical energy storage. Different types of solar thermal energy storage mechanisms and their performance-affecting parameters are also presented. The chapter also presents a discussion on various materials and their properties used to store solar thermal energy in the form of sensible heat, latent heat, and thermo-chemical energy. As the economic feasibility of storage units affects the adaptability of solar thermal energy systems integrated with storage units, the economic aspect of solar thermal energy storage systems is also discussed in the chapter. The chapter ends with a discussion on the environmental impact and energy-saving potential of solar thermal energy systems integrated with storage units. The present chapter may be useful in the selection of system components for industrial applications and future research on various aspects related to solar thermal energy storage.
Global Cultural Differences in Performance Management
Authors: Jayasuriya Nisha
Published: August 2024

Effective performance management drives organizational growth and is closely tied to cultural aspects of different countries. In international business, understanding these cultural approaches is crucial, as cultural misunderstandings by foreign managers can lead to conflicts and reduce subordinate performance. Key cultural attributes, such as individualism, collectivism, masculinity, femininity, and uncertainty avoidance, shape both national and organizational cultures and influence employee outcomes. Recognizing these differences and their impact on performance evaluation is vital for managing a global workforce. This chapter explores global cultural, economic, and legal differences and their effects on performance management. It is organized around key performance management functions: goal setting, monitoring, feedback and performance appraisal, development and training, reward and recognition, and performance improvement plans.
Generative AI and Business Strategy
Authors: Darwish Dina
Published: August 2024

A universal technology appears that sparks creativity to the point where several sectors undergo complete revolution. The Generative AI is one of these uncommon general-purpose technologies and is poised to bring about exponential transformation and is now consistently supported by research. It has the power to change the competitive landscape and propel businesses towards explosive growth. Businesses will either leap ahead of this technological transformation or fall behind as they race to comprehend its ramifications. In Generative AI and business transformation, potential for strategic and useful business applications are identified by analyzing the platforms, big language models, and technology of generative AI. This chapter focuses on Generative AI role in influencing business strategy.
AI Learning and Work Attitude Mediation Between Reward and Organizational Support in Ethiopia
Authors: Kant Shashi , Adula Metasebia
Published: August 2024

The chapter's main focus was to analyze the mediator role of employee work attitude and AI-based re-enforcement learning in between employee psychological intrinsic reward system and organization perceived organizational support in context of Ethiopia. Study area was selected as textile industries working in industrial park of Ethiopia on the basis of their contribution to the GDP of the economy. Explanatory research design and quantitative research approach were used. A multistage sampling technique was implied. With AMOS software, exploratory confirmatory analysis was conducted to measure discriminate and convergent validity. It was found that in absence of AI-based re-enforcement learning and employee work attitude as a mediator relation between employee psychological intrinsic reward system and organization perceived organizational support was very weak. Therefore, employee work attitude and reinforcement learning (AI) behave like full mediators between psychological intrinsic reward and organization perceived organizational.
Vessel Turnaround Time Reduction in Ports
Authors: Raj Aparna , Shrikumar M. , Saha Saibal Kumar
Published: August 2024

Vessel turnround time is a vital factor that determines the efficiency of ports and consequently the trade competitiveness of a country. The goal of this research is to identify the factors leading to vessel turnaround time and suggest methods to increase the operational effectiveness. The research involves gathering data, analysis of the procedures for documentation and cargo handling, analysing the historical turnaround time, the reasons or causes contributing to idle time, identifying the root causes and proposing a solution that could contribute to the reduction of turnaround time of vessel so as to improve the efficiency of port operations. Some identified factors that contribute to the idle time include inefficient cargo handling and loading and unloading process, delays in documentation and customs clearance procedures, unplanned maintenance or repairs of vessels, harsh weather conditions, insufficient coordination and communication between stakeholders involved.
Evaluating the New Age of Digital Technologies for Sustainable Higher Education Through Empirical Investigation in India
Authors: Noble Kennedy E. , Nazim Sha S. , Ilankadhir M. , Kumar N. , Kumarasamy P. , Sivasubramanian K.
Published: August 2024

A sustainable education model is a comprehensive learning system which provides inclusive learning experiences to all sections of society. This study aims to address the two crucial aspect such as to identify the role of digital technology among the higher educational institution's students and to analyze the positive and negative impacts of digital learning systems in the higher education institutions. Institutions of Higher Learning (HEIs) are crucial in forming society. A robust higher education system is essential to a nation's ability to thrive in the global economy, as well as to its economic, social cohesion, and status as a global leader in facilitating social change. It is appropriate that emphasis be focused on how higher education may improve society, support national economic development, and advance political democracy, cultural variety, and international collaboration. Based on this background, this study found that digital technology made a positive impact on the higher educational sustainability and inclusivity