bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of network topological structures on systematic technology adoption and carbon emission reduction
Authors: Chen Huayi , Shi Huai-Long
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates how the topological structure of the technological spillover network among agents affects the adoption of a new clean technology and the reduction of system’s carbon emissions. Through building a systematic technology adoption model with technological spillover effect among agents from the network perspective, this paper first illustrates how the new technology diffuses from the earlier adopters to the later adopters under different network topological structures. Further, this paper examines how the carbon emission constraints imposed on pilot agents affect the carbon emissions of other agents and the entire system under different network topological structures. Simulation results of our study suggest that, (1) different topological structures of the technological spillover network have great influence on the adoption and diffusion of a new advanced technology; (2) imposing carbon emission constraints on pilot agents can reduce carbon emissions of other agents and thereby the entire system. However, the effectiveness of the carbon emission constraints is also largely determined by the network topological structures. Our study implies that the empirical research of the network topological structure among the participating entities is a pre-requisite to evaluate the real effectiveness of a carbon emission reduction policy from the system perspective.
Differential regulation of the water channel protein aquaporins in chondrocytes of human knee articular cartilage by aging
Authors: Kyung Bong Soo , Jung Koo Whang , Yeo Woo Jin , Seo Hye Kyung , Lee Yong-Soo , Suh Dong Won
Published: October 2021

Knee cartilage is in an aqueous environment filled with synovial fluid consisting of water, various nutrients, and ions to maintain chondrocyte homeostasis. Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that play an important role in water exchange in cells, and AQP1, -3, and -4 are known to be expressed predominantly in cartilage. We evaluated the changes in AQP expression in chondrocytes from human knee articular cartilage in patients of different ages and identified the key factor(s) that mediate age-induced alteration in AQP expression. The mRNA and protein expression of AQP1, -3 and -4 were significantly decreased in fibrocartilage compared to hyaline cartilage and in articular cartilage from older osteoarthritis patients compared to that from young patients. Gene and protein expression of AQP1, -3 and -4 were altered during the chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. The causative factors for age-associated decrease in AQP included H2O2, TNFα, and HMGB1 for AQP1, -3, and -4, respectively. In particular, the protective effect of AQP4 reduction following HMGB1 neutralization was noteworthy. The identification of other potent molecules that regulate AQP expression represents a promising therapeutic approach to suppress cartilage degeneration during aging.
Mutant Gossypium universal stress protein-2 (GUSP-2) gene confers resistance to various abiotic stresses in E. coli BL-21 and CIM-496-Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad Nadeem , Khan Mohsin Ahmad , Sarwar Bilal , Hassan Sameera , Ali Qurban , Husnain Tayyab , Rashid Bushra
Published: October 2021

Gossypium arboreum is considered a rich source of stress-responsive genes and the EST database revealed that most of its genes are uncharacterized. The full-length Gossypium universal stress protein-2 (GUSP-2) gene (510 bp) was cloned in E. coli and Gossypium hirsutum, characterized and point mutated at three positions, 352–354, Lysine to proline (M1-usp-2) & 214–216, aspartic acid to serine (M2-usp-2) & 145–147, Lysine to Threonine (M3-usp-2) to study its role in abiotic stress tolerance. It was found that heterologous expression of one mutant (M1-usp-2) provided enhanced tolerance against salt and osmotic stresses, recombinant cells have higher growth up to 10-5dilution in spot assay as compared to cells expressing W-usp-2 (wild type GUSP-2), M2-usp-2 and M3-usp-2 genes. M1-usp-2 gene transcript profiling exhibited significant expression (8.7 fold) in CIM-496-Gossypium hirsutum transgenic plants and enhance drought tolerance. However, little tolerance against heat and cold stresses in bacterial cells was observed. The results from our study concluded that the activity of GUSP-2 was enhanced in M1-usp-2 but wipe out in M2-usp-2 and M3-usp-2 response remained almost parallel to W-usp-2. Further, it was predicted through in silico analysis that M1-usp-2, W-usp-2 and M3-usp-2 may be directly involved in stress tolerance or function as a signaling molecule to activate the stress adaptive mechanism. However, further investigation will be required to ascertain its role in the adaptive mechanism of stress tolerance.
Bolus transit of upper esophageal sphincter on high-resolution impedance manometry study correlate with the laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms
Authors: Wu Jia-Feng , Hsu Wei-Chung , Tsai I.-Jung , Tong Tzu-Wei , Lin Yu-Cheng , Yang Chia-Hsiang , Tseng Ping-Huei
Published: October 2021

Laryngopharyngeal reflux symptom is a troublesome upper esophageal problem, and reflux symptom index (RSI) is commonly applied for the assessment of clinical severity. We investigated the relationship between the upper esophageal sphincter impedance integral (UESII) and RSI scores in this study. Totally 158 subjects with high-resolution esophageal impedance manometry (HRIM) with RSI questionnaire assessment were recruited. There are 57 (36.08%), 74 (46.84%), 21 (13.29%), and 6 (3.79%) patients were categorized as normal, ineffective esophageal motility disorder, absent contractility, and achalasia by HRIM examination, respectively. Subjects with RSI > 13 were noted to have lower UESII than others with RSI ≦ 13 (7363.14 ± 1085.58 vs. 11,833.75 ± 918.77 Ω s cm; P < 0.005). The ROC analysis yielded a UESII cutoff of < 2900 Ω s cm for the best prediction of subjects with RSI > 13 (P = 0.002). Both female gender and UESII cutoff of < 2900 Ω s cm were significant predictors of RSI > 13 in logistic regression analysis (OR = 3.84 and 2.83; P = 0.001 and 0.01; respectively). Lower UESII on HRIM study, indicating poor bolus transit of UES during saline swallows, is significantly associated with prominent laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms scored by RSI score.
A beneficial role of computer-aided diagnosis system for less experienced physicians in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule on ultrasound
Authors: Kang Sunyoung , Lee Eunjung , Chung Chae Won , Jang Han Na , Moon Joon Ho , Shin Yujin , Kim Kyuho , Li Ying , Shin Soo Myoung , Kim Yoo Hyung , Kwon Seul Ki , Ahn Chang Ho , Jung Kyong Yeun , Hong A. Ram , Park Young Joo , Park Do Joon , Kwak Jin Young , Cho Sun Wook
Published: October 2021

Ultrasonography (US) is the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules, while the accuracy is operator-dependent. It is widely used not only by radiologists but also by physicians with different levels of experience. The aim of this study was to investigate whether US with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has assisting roles to physicians in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. 451 thyroid nodules evaluated by fine-needle aspiration cytology following surgery were included. 300 (66.5%) of them were diagnosed as malignancy. Physicians with US experience less than 1 year (inexperienced, n = 10), or more than 5 years (experienced, n = 3) reviewed the US images of thyroid nodules with or without CAD assistance. The diagnostic performance of CAD was comparable to that of the experienced group, and better than those of the inexperienced group. The AUC of the CAD for conventional PTC was higher than that for FTC and follicular variant PTC (0.925 vs. 0.499), independent of tumor size. CAD assistance significantly improved diagnostic performance in the inexperienced group, but not in the experienced groups. In conclusion, the CAD system showed good performance in the diagnosis of conventional PTC. CAD assistance improved the diagnostic performance of less experienced physicians in US, especially in diagnosis of conventional PTC.
Therapeutically expanded human regulatory T-cells are super-suppressive due to HIF1A induced expression of CD73
Authors: Jarvis Lorna B. , Rainbow Daniel B. , Coppard Valerie , Howlett Sarah K. , Georgieva Zoya , Davies Jessica L. , Mullay Harpreet Kaur , Hester Joanna , Ashmore Tom , Van Den Bosch Aletta , Grist James T. , Coles Alasdair J. , Mousa Hani S. , Pluchino Stefano , Mahbubani Krishnaa T. , Griffin Julian L. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Issa Fadi , Peruzzotti-Jametti Luca , Wicker Linda S. , Jones Joanne L.
Published: October 2021

The adoptive transfer of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) is a promising therapeutic approach in transplantation and autoimmunity. However, because large cell numbers are needed to achieve a therapeutic effect, in vitro expansion is required. By comparing their function, phenotype and transcriptomic profile against ex vivo Tregs, we demonstrate that expanded human Tregs switch their metabolism to aerobic glycolysis and show enhanced suppressive function through hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) driven acquisition of CD73 expression. In conjunction with CD39, CD73 expression enables expanded Tregs to convert ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine. We conclude that for maximum therapeutic benefit, Treg expansion protocols should be optimised for CD39/CD73 co-expression.
Controlled self-assembly of chemical gardens enables fabrication of heterogeneous chemobrionic materials
Authors: Hughes Erik A. B. , Robinson Thomas E. , Moakes Richard J. A. , Chipara Miruna , Grover Liam M.
Published: October 2021

Chemical gardens are an example of a chemobrionic system that typically result in abiotic macro-, micro- and nano- material architectures, with formation driven by complex out-of-equilibrium reaction mechanisms. From a technological perspective, controlling chemobrionic processes may hold great promise for the creation of novel, compositionally diverse and ultimately, useful materials and devices. In this work, we engineer an innovative custom-built liquid exchange unit that enables us to control the formation of tubular chemical garden structures grown from the interface between calcium loaded hydrogel and phosphate solution. We show that systematic displacement of phosphate solution with water (H2O) can halt self-assembly, precisely control tube height and purify structures in situ. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fabrication of a heterogeneous chemobrionic composite material composed of aligned, high-aspect ratio calcium phosphate channels running through an otherwise dense matrix of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). Given that the principles we derive can be broadly applied to potentially control various chemobrionic systems, this work paves the way for fabricating multifunctional materials that may hold great potential in a variety of application areas, such as regenerative medicine, catalysis and microfluidics.
Fully 3D printed fluidic devices with integrated valves and pumps for flow injection analysis
Authors: Castiaux Andre D. , Selemani Major A. , Ward Morgan A. , Martin R. Scott
Published: October 2021

A PolyJet 3D printer was used to create a microfluidic device with integrated valves and pumps. A flow injection analysis device that enabled the discrete injections of analyte resulted, with on-chip pumps being used to move the fluid streams.
A lithium-doped surface inspires immunomodulatory functions for enhanced osteointegration through PI3K/AKT signaling axis regulation
Authors: Peng Feng , Qiu Longhai , Yao Mengyu , Liu Lidan , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin , Ruan Qingdong , Liu Xuanyong , Zhang Yu , Li Mei , Chu Paul K.
Published: October 2021

The response of immune systems is crucial to the success of biomedical implants in vivo and in particular, orthopedic implants must possess appropriate immunomodulatory functions to allow sufficient osteointegration.
Preparation of WPU-based super-amphiphobic coatings functionalized by in situ modified SiOx particles and their anti-biofilm mechanism
Authors: Zhang Jiatao , Yang Junyi , Li Qiuying , Ding Jie , Liu Liangjun , Sun Tong , Li Hehe
Published: October 2021

TWPU-based super-amphiphobic coatings functionalized by in situ modified SiOx particles were developed by an easy method for revealing their anti-biofilm mechanism to Shewanella putrefaciens.
Facile synthesis of dendrimer like mesoporous silica nanoparticles to enhance targeted delivery of interleukin-22
Authors: Elshaer Dana , Moniruzzaman Md. , Ong Yi Theng , Qu Zhi , Schreiber Veronika , Begun Jakob , Popat Amirali
Published: October 2021

Interleukin (IL)-22 is a multifunctional cytokine with a very short half-life that activates STAT3 and can elicit an anti-inflammatory response. We show encapsulation of IL-22 in LPMSN enhances its biological activity and stability in in vitro and human colonic organoids.
Emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrochemical nitrogen reduction
Authors: Pang Yingping , Su Chao , Jia Guohua , Xu Liqiang , Shao Zongping
Published: October 2021

This review focuses on high-performance 2D electrocatalysts for nitrogen-reduction, highlighting massive-potential for strong activity, high NH3 yield and faradaic efficiency.
Designing flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics: from conductive polymers
Authors: Zhao Zhenyun , Xia Kequan , Hou Yang , Zhang Qinghua , Ye Zhizhen , Lu Jianguo
Published: October 2021

Progress of utilizing conductive polymers and their composites to prepare flexible, smart and self-sustainable supercapacitors for portable/wearable electronics is reviewed.
Investigating active phase loss from supported ruthenium catalysts during supercritical water gasification
Authors: Hunston Christopher , Baudouin David , Tarik Mohamed , Kröcher Oliver , Vogel Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Ru loss mechanisms were investigated for the first time in SCWG by ICP-MS. Ru leaching at steady state was very low, close to thermodynamic models. Abrupt changes in process conditions must be avoided to prevent catalyst damage and higher Ru loss.
Light-activated cytotoxicity of dicarbonyl Ru(ii) complexes with a benzimidazole coligand towards breast cancer
Authors: Ibrahim Nourhan M. , Khaled Rabaa M. , Ragheb Mohamed A. , Radacki Krzysztof , Farag Ahmad M. , Mansour Ahmed M.
Published: October 2021

Upon photoinduced CO release, all the Ru(ii) complexes acquired cytotoxicity against MCF-7 that may be attributed to the liberated CO and CO-depleted metal fragments including the liberated Coligands. Ru(ii) complex of the unsubstituted ligand exhibited the highest activity.
Carbenes and phosphonium ylides: a fruitful association in coordination chemistry
Authors: Valyaev Dmitry A. , Canac Yves
Published: October 2021

The essential role of carbon as coordinating element is evidenced here through the different associations involving carbene and phosphonium ylide ligands.
Comment on “Tremendously enhanced photocurrent enabled by triplet–triplet annihilation up-conversion for high-performance perovskite solar cells” by W. Sheng, J. Yang, X. Li, G. Liu, Z. Lin, J. Long, S. Xiao, L. Tan and Y. Chen, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, 14, 3532
Authors: Nienhaus Lea , Schmidt Timothy W.
Published: October 2021

We discuss why in the device structure presented Sheng et al. upconversion inherently cannot be the underlying cause of the observed effects.
Neoteric solvent-based blue biorefinery: for chemicals, functional materials and fuels from oceanic biomass
Authors: Sequeira Rosy Alphons , Mondal Dibyendu , Prasad Kamalesh
Published: October 2021

Chemicals, materials and fuels from oceanic biomass using new types of solvent systems, facilitating sustainable and eco-friendly blue-biorefineries.
A high-resolution, ultrabroad-range and sensitive capacitive tactile sensor based on a CNT/PDMS composite for robotic hands
Authors: Fu Xiang , Zhang Jiqiang , Xiao Jianliang , Kang Yuran , Yu Longteng , Jiang Chengpeng , Pan Yuxiang , Dong Hao , Gao Shuaikang , Wang Yancheng
Published: October 2021

Benefitting from the scaffold architecture of a sensor and a CNT/PDMS semi-conductive film, the tactile sensor not only exhibits a wide pressure working range but also high sensitivity.
Surface specifically modified NK-92 cells with CD56 antibody conjugated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic targeting immunotherapy of solid tumors
Authors: Zhao Songbo , Duan Jiazhi , Lou Yalin , Gao Ruyun , Yang Shanshan , Wang Piming , Wang Chunhua , Han Lin , Li Minghuan , Ma Chunhong , Liang Xiaohong , Liu Hong , Sang Yuanhua , Gao Lifen
Published: October 2021

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles combined NK-92 cells could be attracted to the tumor site under the guidance of external magnetic field and effectively inhibit the tumor growth.
Dual modulation of the morphology and electric conductivity of NiCoP on nickel foam by Fe doping as a superior stability electrode for high energy supercapacitors
Authors: Chang Xinwei , Liu Tingting , Li Weilong , He Mi , Ren Zhaoyu , Bai Jintao
Published: October 2021

The dual advantages of stable morphology and enhanced electric conductivity of NiCoP by Fe doping endow the optimal Fe–NiCoP/NF-12.5% electrode with prominent cycling stability and rate performance.
Transition metal-catalyzed arylation of unstrained C–C single bonds
Authors: Long Yang , Zhou Wuxin , Li Qiang , Zhou Xiangge
Published: October 2021

Carbon–carbon bond activation is one of the most challenging and important research areas in organic chemistry.
Flavonoid-based inhibitors of the Phi-class glutathione transferase from black-grass to combat multiple herbicide resistance
Authors: Schwarz Maria , Eno Rebecca F. M. , Freitag-Pohl Stefanie , Coxon Christopher R. , Straker Hannah E. , Wortley David J. , Hughes David J. , Mitchell Glynn , Moore Jenny , Cummins Ian , Onkokesung Nawaporn , Brazier-Hicks Melissa , Edwards Robert , Pohl Ehmke , Steel Patrick G.
Published: October 2021

Nature inspired flavonoid derivatives bind to AmGSTF1 and overcome herbicide resistance in multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) Black Grass.
Unprecedented coupling of natural rubber and ELP: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly properties
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Peruch Frédéric , Wirotius Anne-Laure , Ibarboure Emmanuel , Rosu Frédéric , Schatz Christophe , Garbay Bertrand
Published: October 2021

Developing new biomaterials is an active research area owing to their applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Direct halosulfonylation of alkynes: an overview
Authors: Zhang Yujun , Vessally Esmail
Published: October 2021

The difunctionalizations of alkynes have emerged as a powerful, and step-economical approach for the construction of highly substituted alkenes in a one-pot manner, without the need for isolation of intermediates.
Ca(OH)2-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of bisphenol S
Authors: Wu Leliang , Lin Yiting , Zhang Yimin , Wang Peng , Ding Mingjun , Nie Minghua , Yan Caixia , Chen Shiyao
Published: October 2021

Ca(OH)2 can activate PMS to effectively remove BPS, and it can meet the requirements of direct discharge after reaction.
Unraveling variation on the profile aroma compounds of strong aroma type of Baijiu in different regions by molecular matrix analysis and olfactory analysis
Authors: Hong Jiaxin , Wang Junshan , Zhang Chunsheng , Zhao Zhigang , Tian Wenjing , Wu Yashuai , Chen Hao , Zhao Dongrui , Sun Jinyuan
Published: October 2021

Among 12 aroma types of Baijiu, the strong aroma type of Baijiu (Nongxiangxing Baijiu) is well received by customers for its rich and full aroma profile.
Self-assembly of the monohydroxy triterpenoid lupeol yielding nano-fibers, sheets and gel: environmental and drug delivery applications
Authors: Panja Saikat Kumar , Patra Soumen , Bag Braja Gopal
Published: October 2021

The monohydroxy triterpenoid lupeol forms gels in organic and aqueous organic liquidsviaself-assembly. The resulting supramolecular gels could be utilized for pollutant capture, drug entrapment and release applications.
An intensified chlorination process of 4-nitroaniline in a liquid–liquid microflow system
Authors: Lan Zhou , Lu Yangcheng
Published: October 2021

A strategy of dissolving chlorine gas in 1,2-dichloroethane for a liquid–liquid two-phase chlorination reaction was proposed to resolve the problems of low efficiency, strong corrosivity, and poor controllability of gas–liquid chlorination.
Challenges and key parameters in exploring the cyclability limitation of practical lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Han Zhilong , Li Shuping , Wu Yuanke , Yu Chuang , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: October 2021

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have become the most promising candidates for next-generation power storage technologies owing to their ultrahigh energy density and low cost.
Intercalation engineering of MXenes towards highly efficient photo(electrocatalytic) hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Jiang Jizhou , Zou Yilun , Arramel  , Li Fangyi , Wang Jiamei , Zou Jing , Li Neng
Published: October 2021

A brief description of the fabrication of intercalants of MXenes and their physical properties, along with their comprehensive applications, including their promising catalysts for HER with high efficiency.
Confining perovskite quantum dots in the pores of a covalent-organic framework: quantum confinement- and passivation-enhanced light-harvesting and photocatalysis
Authors: Meng Genping , Zhen Liping , Sun Shihao , Hai Jun , Zhang Zefan , Sun Dina , Liu Qiang , Wang Baodui
Published: October 2021

Monodisperse CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) were encapsulated into the ordered mesopores of a thiol-functionalized covalent-organic framework (COF-SH) to construct highly efficient artificial light-harvesting systems.
Hierarchical 3D porous carbon with facilely accessible Fe–N4 single-atom sites for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Li Pingbo , Qi Xueqiang , Zhao Lei , Wang Junjie , Wang Meng , Shao Minhua , Chen Jun Song , Wu Rui , Wei Zidong
Published: October 2021

The prepared SA-Fe-3DOMC catalyst with rich pore structure and densely accessible Fe–N4 active was demonstrated to boost ORR catalytic performance and peak power density for Zn–air batteries.
Efficient energy transfer in Cs4MnxCd1−xSb2Cl12 layered perovskites and anomalously responsive photodetectors
Authors: Peng Chengyu , Wei Qilin , Chen Li , Zeng Ruosheng , Zhang Qinglin , Hu Qingsong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: October 2021

Cs4MnxCd1−xSb2Cl12 exhibit typical Mn2+ ion emission based on the efficient energy transfer from the intrinsic dark STE states to the Mn2+ ions. Furthermore, we observed an anomalously negative photo-response collapse in a photodetector.
Designed borophene/TMDs hybrid catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Lin Yuxing , Yu Mingxin , Li Xiaoyan , Gao Weicheng , Wang Licheng , Zhao Xinli , Zhou Min , Yao Xiaojing , He Maoshuai , Zhang Xiuyun
Published: October 2021

Interlayer charge transfer in borophene/TMDs heterostructures plays an important role in tuning electronic properties, which on one hand, can effectively improve the HER performance of TMDs basal plane and on the other, can maintain the good HER performance of botophene layer.
A new rare-earth borate birefringent crystal with quasi-two-dimensional [BO3] layers
Authors: Sha Hongyuan , Li Bingxuan , Xiong Zheyao , Wang Zujian , Liu Caiping , Su Rongbing , He Chao , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa
Published: October 2021

LaBO3 crystals exhibit a moderate birefringence and a large transparency window with a structural characteristic of quasi-two-dimensional [BO3] layers.
A simulation of traffic noise emissions at a roundabout based on a cellular automaton model
Authors: Du Canyi , Qiu Xinfa , Li Feng , Cai Ming
Published: October 2021

The calculation and evaluation of traffic noise is an important task in urban road design. Roundabouts are a common form of urban road intersection. The complexity of traffic operations makes the calculation of traffic noise near a roundabout challenging. To explore traffic noise at roundabouts, a cellular automaton traffic flow model for a two-lane roundabout is established. Based on this model, a dynamic simulation method for traffic noise at roundabouts is proposed. The traffic operation and noise emissions at a roundabout are simulated. The vehicle speed distribution and traffic noise distribution at the roundabout are analysed, and the relationship between the traffic volume and sound power level of the cells is discussed. Finally, the proposed method is compared with existing traffic noise models, and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified. The results of this paper show that the speed distribution and noise emission distribution at the roundabout are not uniform. When the traffic volume increases to saturation, the noise emission on the ring road will not keep increasing, and the sound power level of the cells on the inner ring is approximately 2 dBA higher than that of the outer ring. The methods and results in this paper may be valuable for road traffic design and noise control.
La genèse des neurosciences
Authors: Griset Pascal , Paillette Céline , Agid Yves
Published: October 2021

À partir des années 1940, plusieurs dynamiques permirent de renforcer le champ des sciences du cerveau et du système nerveux dans un processus interdisciplinaire, favorisé par l’idée que les biochimistes viendraient désormais éclairer les mécanismes physiologiques du système nerveux. Plus globalement, des grands programmes de recherche comme le projet Manhattan ou bien la réalisation de l’ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer), avaient mis en évidence l’interpénétration, sans dépendance unilatérale de l’une à l’égard de l’autre, des sciences et des techniques. L’illusion d’une technique « appliquant » les découvertes scientifiques s’évanouit alors. Le concept de « technosciences »*, en permettant de sortir de cette dichotomie, permet de mieux comprendre comment, entre les années 1940 et 1970, diverses trajectoires convergèrent pour donner naissance aux « neurosciences modernes » [1, 2].
Édition de gènes in vivo et thérapie génique
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: October 2021

In vivo gene editing has been achieved in a phase I clinical trial and results in a strong reduction of the level of a pathogenic protein. While preliminary, these results open the way for many applications in gene therapy.
Compensation vestibulaire et vieillissement
Authors: Tighilet Brahim
Published: October 2021

Le système vestibulaire possède une remarquable capacité d’autoréparation. La compensation vestibulaire, un modèle de plasticité post-lésionnelle du système nerveux central, se réfère à un ensemble de mécanismes endogènes de neuroplasticité dans les noyaux vestibulaires en réponse à des atteintes du système vestibulaire périphérique et sous-tendant la restauration fonctionnelle. Au cours du vieillissement, cette plasticité « homéostatique », bien que toujours présente, s’amenuise et s’accompagne de perturbations sensorimotrices et cognitives. Indépendamment de l’âge, la compensation vestibulaire peut être améliorée par la thérapie pharmacologique mais également par une rééducation fondée sur le renforcement des autres modalités sensorielles, telles que la vision ou la proprioception, mais aussi celui des composantes cognitive et motrice. Dans cet article, nous décrivons d’abord les mécanismes neurobiologiques de la compensation vestibulaire, puis nous discutons l’impact du vieillissement sur cette plasticité adaptative.
Contraception dans le contexte de l’obésité
Authors: Ciangura Cécile , Bachelot Anne
Published: October 2021

La question de l’influence de l’obésité sur la contraception peut être envisagée sous plusieurs angles : comme facteur de risque d’échec d’une contraception hormonale ; comme facteur de risque cardio-vasculaire, pouvant majorer ce risque lors de l’association à une contraception hormonale. Les modifications métaboliques observées au cours de l’obésité et la masse corporelle plus importante des femmes présentant une obésité peuvent en effet être à l’origine d’une réduction de l’efficacité de la contraception hormonale. Néanmoins, les données, mêmes peu nombreuses, laissent penser que l’efficacité de la plupart des méthodes de contraception n’est a priori pas diminuée chez ces femmes. La chirurgie bariatrique, utilisée pour remédier à l’obésité, constitue une situation complexe, qui impose une contraception dans la première année post-opératoire afin d’éviter toute grossesse. Si la technique chirurgicale induit une malabsorption (comme le bypass), toute contraception administrée par voie orale verra son efficacité fortement diminuée et sera donc déconseillée en raison d’un haut risque d’échec.
Psychosoziale Medizin in Zeiten des Umbruchs: Klimawandel und psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Ditzen Beate , Nikendei Christoph , Härter Martin
Published: October 2021

Der diesjährige Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Psychologie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Soziologie in Hamburg war betitelt „Psychosoziale Medizin in Zeiten des Umbruchs“ (https://dgmp-dgms-2021.de/) und fand online vom 15. bis 17. September 2021 statt. Thematisch fokussierte der Kongress auf die Umbrüche und umfassenden Veränderungen, die sowohl die Welt, unsere Gesellschaft als auch unsere Fächer in Zukunft vor Herausforderungen stellen werden. Dies gilt für die Folgen des globalen Klimawandels, für die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie und auch sehr konkret für die bevorstehende Reform des Medizinstudiums und der Approbationsordnung. Einer der Hauptvorträge widmete sich dem Klimawandel als globale Herausforderung und der Frage, was die genannten Umbruchsituationen für die psychische Gesundheit bedeuten.
Effectiveness of Chest CT in Children: CT Findings in Relation to the Clinical Question
Authors: Esser Michael , Tsiflikas Ilias , Kraus Mareen Sarah , Hess Sabine , Gatidis Sergios , Schaefer Jürgen F.
Published: October 2021

Purpose To estimate the effectiveness and efficiency of chest CT in children based on the suspected diagnosis in relation to the number of positive, negative, and inconclusive CT results.

Materials and Methods In this monocentric retrospective study at a university hospital with a division of pediatric radiology, 2019 chest CT examinations (973 patients; median age: 10.5 years; range: 2 days to 17.9 years) were analyzed with regards to clinical data, including the referring department, primary questions or suspected diagnosis, and CT findings. It was identified if the clinical question was answered, whether the suspected diagnosis was confirmed or ruled out, and if additional findings (clinically significant or minor) were detected.

Results The largest clinical subgroup was the hematooncological subgroup (n = 987), with frequent questions for inflammation/pneumonia (66 % in this subgroup). Overall, CT provided conclusive results in 97.6 % of all scans. In 1380 scans (70 %), the suspected diagnosis was confirmed. In 406/2019 cases (20 %), the CT scan was negative also in terms of an additional finding. In 8 of 9 clinical categories, the proportion of positive results was over 50 %. There were predominantly negative results (110/179; 61 %) in pre-stem cell transplant evaluation. In the subgroup of trauma management, 81/144 exams (57 %) showed positive results, including combined injuries (n = 23). 222/396 (56 %) of all additional findings were estimated to be clinically significant.

Conclusion In a specialized center, the effectiveness of pediatric chest CT was excellent when counting the conclusive results. However, to improve efficiency, the clinical evaluation before imaging appears crucial to prevent unnecessary CT examinations.

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Citation Format
Akute diabetische Stoffwechselentgleisungen
Authors: Mertens Melina , Dauben Laura , Roden Michael , Müssig Karsten
Published: October 2021

Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus weisen eine erhöhte Morbidität und Letalität infolge der mikro- und makrovaskulären Komplikationen auf. Zudem kann es bei Erstmanifestation, aber auch während des weiteren Krankheitsverlaufs, zu lebensbedrohlichen Stoffwechselentgleisungen kommen. Treten diabetesbedingte Notfälle auf, ist eine schnelle Diagnose und Therapieeinleitung unerlässlich.
Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes through an Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with Sodium Alkoxides
Authors: Zhou Bingwei , Chen Xue , Liu Yunkui , Jin Hongwei
Published: October 2021

We describe an alkylation reaction of indoles with sodium alkoxides for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes. 1-Tetralone proved to be an efficient hydrogen acceptor, thus avoiding the use of precious transition metals such as Ru and Ir. This reaction features transition-metal-free conditions, uses readily available starting materials, and can be conducted on a gram scale.
Melhora da dor radicular após discectomia lombar transforaminal endoscópica em discos com alterações degenerativas avançadas
Authors: Oliveira José Alberto Alves , Ramos Rossana Ribeiro de Melo , Muniz Neto Francisco Julio , Almeida Paulo Cesar de , Ramos Max Rogerio Freitas , Carvalho Paulo Sergio Teixeira de
Published: October 2021

Objetivos Avaliar a correlação entre as alterações radiológicas (Pfirrmann e Modic) e a intensidade da dor radicular em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia endoscópica transforaminal para hérnia de disco lombar.

Métodos Uma sequência de casos com 39 pacientes, 50 discos intervertebrais em avaliação pré-operatória, no período de 29 de janeiro de 2018 a 28 de agosto de 2019, no serviço de cirurgia endoscópica da coluna vertebral. Os dados demográficos, indicação cirúrgica, detalhes operatórios e complicações foram todos obtidos junto aos prontuários clínicos. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, com base na classificação Modic (ausência de Modic, Modic 1 e Modic 2) e em dois grupos, considerando a classificação de Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann IV e Pfirrmann V). Os dados foram processados no software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EUA), com nível de significância de p <0,05.

Resultados Não houve diferença entre os gêneros; idade: 50,36 ± 15,05 anos; nível da doença: L2–L3 1 (2%), L3–L4 2 (4%), L4–L5 9 (18%), L5–S1 8 (16%), L3–L4 + L4–L5 4 (8%), e L4–L5 + L5–S1 26 (52%); localização: foraminal direito em 7 pacientes (14%), foraminal esquerdo em 15 pacientes (30%), central em 9 pacientes (18%), e difuso em 19 pacientes (38%); dor radicular: esquerda em 25 pacientes (50%), direita em 11 pacientes (22%), e bilateral em 14 pacientes (28%); escala visual analógica (EVA) pré-operatório: 9,5 ± 0,91, pós-operatório: 2,5 ± 1,79; tempo cirúrgico: 100 ± 31,36 minutos; e acompanhamento de 8,4 ± 6,7 meses. Foi registrada menos dor ciática pós-operatória nos grupos Modic 2 versus Modic 1 (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença na dor radicular pós-operatória entre os grupos Pfirrmann (IV versus V).

Conclusão Embora não exista diferença clínica entre os grupos, em estágios avançados da degeneração discal, a discectomia transforaminal endoscópica mostrou-se eficaz na redução da dor radicular em pacientes com hérnia de disco lombar.
Sarcoma pleomórfico de alto grau associado a metalose em paciente com artroplastia total do quadril
Authors: Campos Roni Serra , Meohas Walter , Ferradosa Artur Shioji , Freire da Costa Anneliese Fortuna de Azevedo , Guimarães João Antonio Matheus , Duarte Maria Eugenia Leite
Published: October 2021

Apesar da relação entre artroplastia de quadril e o desenvolvimento de sarcoma ter sido descrita pela primeira vez na literatura há cerca de quarenta anos, esta associação é extremamente rara. No presente relato de caso, descrevemos a associação entre implante ortopédico e sarcoma de partes moles em um homem de 79 anos submetido a artroplastia primária total do quadril (ATQ) por coxartrose há 24 anos. Foram descritas a evolução clínica e os achados radiográficos e histopatológicos da lesão. No intraoperatório da segunda cirurgia de revisão, foi evidenciada soltura dos componentes acetabular e femoral em associação com extensas áreas de necrose e de metalose. Foi realizado desbridamento da região do quadril e da coxa direita e retirada dos implantes. Devido à extensão da lesão e da necrose, não foi possível realizar nova reconstrução articular. O diagnóstico histopatológico de sarcoma pleomórfico indiferenciado de alto grau associado a extensas áreas de metalose foi estabelecido no tecido adjacente ao implante. O paciente evoluiu com metástases pulmonares e faleceu 6 meses após o diagnóstico. Apesar da raridade da associação, os sarcomas devem ser considerados no diagnóstico diferencial das solturas assépticas, particularmente na presença de metalose no tecido peri-implantar. Pelo nosso conhecimento o período de latência de 24 anos entre a ATQ primária e o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de sarcoma é um dos mais longos relatado até o momento.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management
Authors: Levi-Setti Paolo Emanuele , Di Segni Noemi , Gargasole Clara , Ronchetti Camilla , Cirillo Federico
Published: October 2021

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a severe complication of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Pathogenesis of the disease is based on massive transudation of protein-rich fluid from the vascular compartment into the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial spaces, with a variable picture of clinical manifestations depending on its severity. Nowadays OHSS can easily be avoided by several prevention methods, ranging from identification of high-risk patients, choice of a correct protocol stimulation, trigger with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or, finally, the freeze-all strategy. When OHSS occurs, it can usually be managed as outpatient care. Only if severe/critical cases are diagnosed hospitalization is necessary for appropriate rehydration, monitoring of fluid balance and eventual drainage of ascitic fluid. One of the most dangerous complications of OHSS is venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thromboprophylaxis has shown to be cost effective and widely used, while there are controversies regarding the usage of low dose aspirin (LDA) as a preventive measure.
Generalized Casimir operators for Lie superalgebras
Authors: Rao S. Eswara
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we define generalized Casimir operators for a loop contragredient Lie superalgebra and prove that they commute with the underlying Lie superalgebra. These operators have applications in the decomposition of tensor product modules. We further introduce the notion of generalized Gelfand invariants for the loop general linear Lie superalgebra and show that they also commute with the underlying Lie superalgebra. These operators when applied to a highest weight vector in a tensor product module again induce a new highest weight vector.
Fast estimation of internal flowfields in scramjet intakes via reduced-order modeling and machine learning
Authors: Brahmachary Shuvayan , Bhagyarajan Ananthakrishnan , Ogawa Hideaki
Published: October 2021

The interface between fluid mechanics and machine learning has ushered in a new avenue of scientific inquiry for complex fluid flow problems. This paper presents the development of a reduced-order predictive framework for the fast and accurate estimation of internal flowfields in two classes of scramjet intakes for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion. Proper orthogonal decomposition is employed as a reduced-order model while the moving least squares-based regression model and the multilayer perceptron-based neural network technique are employed. The samples required for the training process are generated using a sampling strategy, such as Latin hypercube sampling, or obtained as an outcome of multi-objective optimization. The study explores the flowfield estimation capability of this framework for the two test cases, each representing a unique type of scramjet intake. The importance of tuning the user-defined parameters as well as the use of multiple reduced-order bases instead of a global basis are highlighted. It is also demonstrated that the bias involved in the generation of input samples in an optimization problem can potentially be utilized to build a reduced-order predictive framework while using only a moderate number of training samples. This offers the potential to significantly reduce the computational time involved in expensive optimization problems, especially those relying on a population-based approach to identify global optimal solutions.
Image-clustering analysis of the wave–structure interaction processes under breaking and non-breaking waves
Authors: Formentin Sara Mizar , Gaeta Maria Gabriella , De Vecchis Roberto , Guerrero Massimo , Zanuttigh Barbara
Published: October 2021

This contribution presents the effectiveness and the potentialities of a consolidated technique—the video-cluster analysis—to the study of turbulent flow and breaking waves, in order to demonstrate its suitability as a low-cost, non-intrusive method to derive quantitative key parameters describing the wave–structure interaction processes at coastal defense structures. For this purpose, a new methodology, consisting of a series of pre- and post-processing techniques developed to optimize the automatic detection of clusters in video imagery, was designed to process the video-records of experiments of wave run-up and wave overtopping at sea-dikes subjected to irregular waves. The results of the cluster analysis were elaborated to reconstruct the instantaneous profiles of the free-surface elevations across the structure crest and derive simultaneous information on overtopping volumes, discharges, depths, and velocities and to get spatial-time maps of the concentration of the air entrapped in the liquid phase. The accuracy of the methodology is demonstrated by comparing the quantities derived from the cluster analysis to laboratory measurements performed with resistive gauges and acoustic Doppler profilers. The novelty of the work is either represented by the results of the application of the cluster-analysis and by the procedures of optimizations, whose ensemble may establish a best practice and represent a guideline for other applications.
Development and optimization of a spline-based Hugoniot for unreacted equations of state
Authors: Ginoza Reid , Okafor Anthony
Published: October 2021

Parametric forms, such as linear and quadratic fits, are common for fitting a Hugoniot curve to shock data. However, these forms only admit certain shape features and may exclude a better fit. Thus, a semiparametric Hugoniot curve was developed with cubic b-splines to allow more flexibility in fitting the shock data. A genetic algorithm that respects convexity constraints performed the optimization to fit the model to experimental data. In two cases with artificial data, the spline Hugoniot model resulted in close agreement with the known truth. Finally, a spline Hugoniot was fit to existing shock, pop plot, and overdriven data for a triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)-based explosive LX-17 [92.5% TATB and 7.5% Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) binder by weight] and obtained a close fit.
Nonlocal balance equations with parameters in the space of signed measures
Authors: Pogodaev N. I. , Staritsyn M. V.
Published: October 2021

A parametric family of nonlocal balance equations in the space of signed measures is studied. Under assumptions that cover a number of known conceptual models we establish the existence of the solution, its uniqueness and continuous dependence on the parameter and the initial distribution. Several corollaries of this theorem, which are useful for control theory, are discussed. In particular, this theorem yields the limit in the mean field of a system of ordinary differential equations, the existence of the optimal control for an assembly of trajectories, Trotter’s formula for the product of semigroups of the corresponding operators, and the existence of a solution to a differential inclusion in the space of signed measures.

Bibliography: 33 titles.
Uniqueness theorems for simple trigonometric series with application to multiple series
Authors: Gevorkyan G. G.
Published: October 2021

For simple trigonometric series it is shown, in particular, that if the trigonometric series is Riemann summable in measure to an integrable function

and if the Riemann majorant is finite everywhere except possibly on a countable set, then this series is the Fourier series of the function

. Uniqueness theorems for multiple trigonometric series are obtained on the basis of this result.

Bibliography: 14 titles.
Nonlocal Effects of Low-Energy Excitations in Quantum-Spin-Liquid Candidate Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr
Authors: Wei Yuan , Ma Xiaoyan , Feng Zili , Zhang Yongchao , Zhang Lu , Yang Huaixin , Qi Yang , Meng Zi Yang , Wang Yan-Cheng , Shi Youguo , Li Shiliang
Published: October 2021

We systematically study the low-temperature specific heats for the two-dimensional kagome antiferromagnet, Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr. The specific heat exhibits a T
1.7 dependence at low temperatures and a shoulder-like feature above it. We construct a microscopic lattice model of Z
2 quantum spin liquid and perform large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations to show that the above behaviors come from the contributions from gapped anyons and magnetic impurities. Surprisingly, we find the entropy associated with the shoulder decreases quickly with grain size d, although the system is paramagnetic to the lowest temperature. While this can be simply explained by a core-shell picture in that the contribution from the interior state disappears near the surface, the 5.9-nm shell width precludes any trivial explanations. Such a large length scale signifies the coherence length of the nonlocality of the quantum entangled excitations in quantum spin liquid candidate, similar to Pippard’s coherence length in superconductors. Our approach therefore offers a new experimental probe of the intangible quantum state of matter with topological order.
Four-point interfacial correlation functions in two dimensions. Exact results from field theory and numerical simulations
Authors: Squarcini Alessio , Tinti Antonio
Published: October 2021

We derive exact analytic results for several four-point correlation functions for statistical models exhibiting phase separation in two-dimensions. Our theoretical results are then specialized to the Ising model on the two-dimensional strip and found to be in excellent agreement with high-precision Monte Carlo simulations.
Cost-Effectiveness of Recommendations From the Surgeon General’s Call-to-Action to Control Hypertension
Authors: Tajeu Gabriel S , Tsipas Stavros , Rakotz Michael , Wozniak Gregory
Published: October 2021

In response to high prevalence of hypertension and suboptimal rates of blood pressure (BP) control in the United States, the Surgeon General released a Call-to-Action to Control Hypertension (Call-to-Action) in the fall of 2020 to address the negative consequences of uncontrolled BP. In addition to morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension, hypertension has an annual cost to the US healthcare system of $71 billion. The Call-to-Action makes recommendations for improving BP control, and the purpose of this review was to summarize the literature on the cost-effectiveness of these strategies. We identified a number of studies that demonstrate the cost saving or cost-effectiveness of recommendations in the Call-to-Action including strategies to promote access to and availability of physical activity opportunities and healthy food options within communities, advance the use of standardized treatment approaches and guideline-recommended care, to promote the use of healthcare teams to manage hypertension, and to empower and equip patients to use self-measured BP monitoring and medication adherence strategies. While the current review identified numerous cost-effective methods to achieve the Surgeon General’s recommendations for improving BP control, future work should determine the cost-effectiveness of the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Hypertension guidelines, interventions to lower therapeutic inertia, and optimal team-based care strategies, among other areas of research. Economic evaluation studies should also be prioritized to generate more comprehensive data on how to provide efficient and high value care to improve BP control.