bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vision-guided robot hearing
Authors: Alameda-Pineda Xavier , Horaud Radu
Published: October 2014

Natural human–robot interaction (HRI) in complex and unpredictable environments is important with many potential applications. While vision-based HRI has been thoroughly investigated, robot hearing and audio-based HRI are emerging research topics in robotics. In typical real-world scenarios, humans are at some distance from the robot and, hence, the sensory (microphone) data are strongly impaired by background noise, reverberations and competing auditory sources. In this context, the detection and localization of speakers plays a key role that enables several tasks, such as improving the signal-to-noise ratio for speech recognition, speaker recognition, speaker tracking, etc. In this paper we address the problem of how to detect and localize people that are both seen and heard. We introduce a hybrid deterministic/probabilistic model. The deterministic component allows us to map 3D visual data onto a 1D auditory space. The probabilistic component of the model enables the visual features to guide the grouping of the auditory features in order to form audiovisual (AV) objects. The proposed model and the associated algorithms are implemented in real-time (17 FPS) using a stereoscopic camera pair and two microphones embedded into the head of the humanoid robot NAO. We perform experiments with (i) synthetic data, (ii) publicly available data gathered with an audiovisual robotic head, and (iii) data acquired using the NAO robot. The results validate the approach and are an encouragement to investigate how vision and hearing could be further combined for robust HRI.
Racial Disparities in Intimate Partner Violence and in Seeking Help With Mental Health
Authors: Cheng Tyrone C. , Lo Celia C.
Published: October 2014

Applying Aday and Andersen’s health services utilization model, this examination of racial disparities in women’s experience of intimate partner violence also looked at racial disparities in mental disorders and in use of mental health professionals’ help. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 6,589 women completing the National Violence Against Women Survey. Per our linear regression results, minority women, versus White, tended proportionally to seek less help from mental health professionals. Help seeking by African American women was less likely if they were using illegal drugs; among Hispanic women, additional threats from partner curtailed help seeking from mental health professionals. “Other ethnic minority” women’s help seeking decreased with their use of stimulants. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Thermal Effects of Design and Materials on QuadGard™ Body Armor Systems
Authors: Starr Cathy L. , Cao Huantian , Peksoz Semra , Branson Donna H.
Published: October 2014

QuadGard™ arm and leg protection systems were developed to better protect key areas of arms and legs from blast fragments. The purpose of this investigation was to use sweating thermal manikin Walter™ and examine the intrinsic clothing insulation (Rcl), intrinsic clothing evaporative resistance (Recl), micro-climate temperature, and moisture retention of three QuadGard™ systems (QG II, QG IV Ventilated, and QG IV Not Ventilated) constructed with two ballistic materials, Dyneema® and Kevlar®. With similar protection level, the ballistic material Dyneema®, consistently measured lower in Rcl and Recl than the ballistic material Kevlar®, indicating body armor made with ballistic material Dyneema® is more comfortable. There was no significant difference between QG II and QG IV Ventilated in Rcl and there was no significant difference between the three armor systems in Recl. This indicated that design features have the potential to reduce thermal stress on the human body when protective clothing is necessary.
Graduate leaders in early childhood education and care settings, the practitioner perspective
Authors: Davis Geraldine
Published: October 2014

Since 2006, UK policy has identified a professionalisation agenda for staff working in early childhood education and care settings. This has included the development of graduate leaders with a specific purpose to lead improvements in these settings by leading change, and hence improving outcomes for children. This article reports on findings from one research project, carried out in the East of England. The impact of professional development on the graduate leaders is explored through a mixed methods study from the practitioners’ perspective. Findings are described under the theme of the value of formal professional development opportunities, including improved awareness of role, improved confidence and empowerment within role. The article closes with a consideration of the current status of graduate leaders within the early childhood education and care workforce, and the challenges faced in the changing policy landscape for the professionalisation of this workforce.
Deformation of chiral cylinders in the gradient theory of porous elastic solids
Authors: Ieşan Dorin
Published: October 2014

Chiral effects cannot be described by means of the classical theories of continua. In the context of the strain gradient theory of porous elastic solids we study the deformation of a chiral cylinder subjected to torsion, extension and bending by terminal couples. This work is motivated by recent interest in using the chiral continuum as a model for some auxetic materials, bones and carbon nanotubes. The problem is reduced to the study of some two-dimensional problems. We show that the torsion of a chiral cylinder is accompanied by extension, bending, and a variation of the volume fraction field. The solution is used to investigate the deformation of a circular cylinder.
Management of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps
Authors: Webb Christopher A.-J. , Weyker Paul D. , Flynn Brigid C.
Published: October 2014

Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) continue to be the most widely used cardiac support devices with an annual estimate of 200 000 IABPs placed worldwide. IABPs enhance myocardial function by maximizing oxygen supply and minimizing oxygen demand. The use of IABPs is not without risk, with major vascular injury, ischemia, and infection being the most common complications, especially in high-risk patients. While recent studies have questioned the use of IABPs in patients with cardiogenic shock secondary to myocardial infarction, these studies have limitations making it difficult to formulate definitive conclusions. This review will focus on the mechanisms of counterpulsation, the management of IABPs and the evidence supporting this ventricular support therapy.
The Great Recession, Housing Wealth, and the Retirement Decisions of Older Workers
Authors: Ondrich Jan , Falevich Alexander
Published: October 2014

To determine how asset values of older workers affect their future retirement decisions, it is important to take into account how asset values change over asset cycles. This study uses Health and Retirement Study data from waves 1992 through 2010 together with restricted Social Security Administration data on respondents’ occupation to estimate models of the age at first self-reported retirement for the subsample of married males. The model covariates include demographic variables, workplace variables, nonhousing financial wealth, and housing equity. The proportional hazard estimates are, for the most part, significant and of the correct sign. The estimated models suggest that declines in housing wealth during the Great Recession lowered retirement probabilities of married males by as much as 14 percent to 17 percent. This delay was offset in cases where the household had defined benefit or contribution pensions.
The Effect of Job-Related Demands and Resources on Service Employees’ Willingness to Report Complaints
Authors: Walsh Gianfranco , Yang Zhiyong , Dose David , Hille Patrick
Published: October 2014

Service employees’ willingness to report complaints (WRC) is an important determinant of firms’ long-term growth. Despite its importance, we know little about the factors that drive or hinder employees’ WRC. Drawing on the job demands-resources (JDR) model, we propose job resources (supervisor support and employee empowerment) and job demands (perceived customer unfriendliness and workload) as antecedents of WRC. We also examine the mediational role of organizational commitment and customer orientation, and the moderating role of country, in the effect of JDR variables on WRC. Using data from German and Chinese service employees, we show that supervisor support and workload positively affect WRC, whereas employee empowerment and customer unfriendliness negatively affect it. Thus, contradictory to the prevailing assumption that job resources help employees achieve work goals and that job demands inhibit their achievement, we show job resources (supervisor support) and demands (workload) can enhance WRC, whereas other job resources (employee empowerment) and demands (customer unfriendliness) have inhibiting effects. Organizational commitment and customer orientation mediate the impact of all JDR variables on WRC except empowerment. Furthermore, supervisor support has a more positive, while empowerment and customer unfriendliness have a more negative effect for German than for Chinese service employees. Service managers may influence WRC by managing job resources, job demands, and employee-company and employee-customer interfaces. Besides, employees from individualistic countries (Germany) are more sensitive to the JDR environment than those from collectivistic countries (China). Thus, managing job resources and demands may reap more benefits in the form of enhanced WRC in individualistic than in collectivistic countries.
A questionnaire examining attitudes of collegiate athletes toward doping and pharmacists as information providers
Authors: Malek Scott , Taylor Jeff , Mansell Kerry
Published: October 2014

Background:

Doping in sport has become an increasingly prominent topic. The decision to take part in doping practices is multifactorial and often based on many different information sources of varying reliability. This study sought to determine the attitudes of athletes at a Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) university toward doping and to discover if pharmacists are perceived to be a valid information source on medication usage for these athletes.

Methods:

CIS athletes competing in at least 1 of 8 sports were asked to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked various questions regarding their perceptions of doping, medication use, information available to them regarding doping and the role of pharmacists in providing advice on medication usage.

Results:

In total, 92.7% (307/331) of questionnaires were at least partially completed. Generally, these athletes did not feel pressured to dope or that it was prevalent or necessary. The fear of doping violations largely did not alter the use of medications and supplements. The online doping education program administered by the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport was the most used information source (74.5%); pharmacists were used 37.7% of the time. Pharmacists were perceived to be a good source of information about banned substances by 75.6% (223/295) of participants, although only 35% (104/297) consulted a pharmacist each time they purchased a nonprescription medication.

Conclusions:

It appears that doping is neither prevalent nor worth the risk for these CIS athletes. There also appears to be an opportunity for pharmacists to play a more prominent role in providing advice on medication use to high-performance athletes.
Infection control intervention on meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in residential care homes for the elderly
Authors: Chuang Vivien WM , Tsang Iris HL , Keung Jessica PY , Leung June YY , Yuk Janet MT , Wong Doris KW , Au Sui-sum , Tam Rebekah KY , Lam Wendy WY , Kwan Martin CT , Wong Andrew TY
Published: October 2014

Background:

The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of an infection control bundle in controlling the meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) in Hong Kong.

Methods:

This was a two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial. Infection control bundles focused on hand hygiene (HH), environmental hygiene, and modified contact precautions were applied to the intervention arm. Nasal swabs from residents; staff HH compliance and effectiveness; and environmental hygiene were assessed by microbiological sampling or observation at the baseline and quarterly after the intervention.

Results:

A total of 2776 residents from 36 RCHEs were recruited. The overall MRSA prevalence was 20.4% (95% confidence interval, 18.9%−21.9%). The intervention elicited an immediate effect of 2.4% absolute decrease in the prevalence and 3.7% in the intra-facility transmission, though the difference between the two arms was insignificant. Staff HH compliance increased substantially from 5.9% to 45.6% post-intervention ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

We initiated the infection control culture into the RCHEs and gained their acceptance. However, this behavioural change takes time to emerge. Our study shows that relying on the bundle alone could not bring sustainable MRSA reduction. Administrative control for strengthening infection control infrastructure is important for continuous compliance and improvement.
A novel recurrent NPM1-TYK2 gene fusion in cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Velusamy Thirunavukkarasu , Kiel Mark J. , Sahasrabuddhe Anagh A. , Rolland Delphine , Dixon Catherine A. , Bailey Nathanael G. , Betz Bryan L. , Brown Noah A. , Hristov Alexandra C. , Wilcox Ryan A. , Miranda Roberto N. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Jeon Yoon K. , Inamdar Kedar V. , Lim Megan S. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S. J.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Whole-transcriptome sequencing reveals NPM1-TYK2 gene fusion in cutaneous CD30-positve lymphoproliferative disorders. NPM1-TYK2 activates STAT signaling and is a therapeutic target in a subset of cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders.
Preparation of periodic surface structures on doped poly(methyl metacrylate) films by irradiation with KrF excimer laser
Authors: Kalachyova Yevgeniya , Lyutakov Oleksiy , Slepicka Petr , Elashnikov Roman , Svorcik Vaclav
Published: October 2014

In this work, we describe laser modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) films doped with Fast Red ITR, followed by dopant exclusion from the bulk polymer. By this procedure, the polymer can be modified under extremely mild conditions. Creation of surface ordered structure was observed already after application of 15 pulses and 12 mJ cm−2 fluence. Formation of grating begins in the hottest places and tends to form concentric semi-circles around them. The mechanism of surface ordered structure formation is attributed to polymer ablation, which is more pronounced in the place of higher light intensity. The smoothness of the underlying substrate plays a key role in the quality of surface ordered structure. Most regular grating structures were obtained on polymer films deposited on atomically ‘flat’ Si substrates. After laser patterning, the dopant was removed from the polymer by soaking the film in methanol.
Phase III Study of Iniparib Plus Gemcitabine and Carboplatin Versus Gemcitabine and Carboplatin in Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Joyce , Schwartzberg Lee , Danso Michael A. , Miller Kathy D. , Rugo Hope S. , Neubauer Marcus , Robert Nicholas , Hellerstedt Beth , Saleh Mansoor , Richards Paul , Specht Jennifer M. , Yardley Denise A. , Carlson Robert W. , Finn Richard S. , Charpentier Eric , Garcia-Ribas Ignacio , Winer Eric P.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

There is a lack of treatments providing survival benefit for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), with no standard of care. A randomized phase II trial showed significant benefit for gemcitabine, carboplatin, and iniparib (GCI) over gemcitabine and carboplatin (GC) in clinical benefit rate, response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Here, we formally compare the efficacy of these regimens in a phase III trial.

Patients and Methods

Patients with stage IV/locally recurrent TNBC who had received no more than two previous chemotherapy regimens for mTNBC were randomly allocated to gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve 2 (days 1 and 8) alone or GC plus iniparib 5.6 mg/kg (days 1, 4, 8, and 11) every 3 weeks. Random assignment was stratified by the number of prior chemotherapies. The coprimary end points were OS and PFS. Patients receiving GC could cross over to iniparib on progression.

Results

Five hundred nineteen patients were randomly assigned (261 GCI; 258 GC). In the primary analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.12; P = .28) nor PFS (HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.98; P = .027). An exploratory analysis showed that patients in the second-/third-line had improved OS (HR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.91) and PFS (HR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.92) with GCI. The safety profile for GCI was similar to GC.

Conclusion

The trial did not meet the prespecified criteria for the coprimary end points of PFS and OS in the ITT population. The potential benefit with iniparib observed in second-/third-line subgroup warrants further evaluation.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Calaspargase Pegol Escherichia coli L-Asparaginase in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From Children's Oncology Group Study AALL07P4
Authors: Angiolillo Anne L. , Schore Reuven J. , Devidas Meenakshi , Borowitz Michael J. , Carroll Andrew J. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Heerema Nyla A. , Keilani Taha , Lane Ashley R. , Loh Mignon L. , Reaman Gregory H. , Adamson Peter C. , Wood Brent , Wood Charlotte , Zheng Hao W. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Winick Naomi J. , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

Asparaginase is a critical agent used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Pegaspargase (SS-PEG), a pegylated form of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase with a succinimidyl succinate (SS) linker, is the first-line asparaginase product used in Children's Oncology Group (COG) ALL trials. Calaspargase pegol (SC-PEG) replaces the SS linker in SS-PEG with a succinimidyl carbamate linker, creating a more stable molecule. COG AALL07P4 was designed to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparability of SC-PEG to SS-PEG in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk (HR) B-cell ALL.

Patients and Methods

A total of 165 evaluable patients were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive SC-PEG at 2,100 (SC-PEG2100; n = 69) or 2,500 IU/m2 (SC-PEG2500; n = 42) versus SS-PEG 2,500 IU/m2 (SS-PEG2500; n = 54) as part of an otherwise identical chemotherapy regimen. The groups were similar demographically, except more female patients received SC-PEG2500.

Results

The mean half-life of plasma asparaginase activity for both SC-PEG doses was approximately 2.5× longer than that of SS-PEG2500. The total systemic exposure, as defined by induction area under the curve from time 0 to 25 days, was greater with SC-PEG2500 than with SS-PEG2500 or SC-PEG2100. The proportion of patients with plasma asparaginase activity ≥ 100 mIU/mL and ≥ 400 mIU/mL was higher in patients who received SC-PEG as compared with SS-PEG2500. After one dose of pegylated asparaginase on induction day 4, plasma asparagine was undetectable for 11 days for SS-PEG2500 and 18 days for both SC-PEG groups.

Conclusion

SC-PEG2500 achieves a significantly longer period of asparaginase activity above defined thresholds and asparagine depletion compared with SS-PEG2500 and has a comparable toxicity profile in children with HR B-cell ALL.
Non‐monophyly of Buglossoides (Boraginaceae: Lithospermeae): Phylogenetic and morphological evidence for the expansion of Glandora and reappraisal of Aegonychon
Authors: Cecchi Lorenzo , Coppi Andrea , Hilger Hartmut H. , Selvi Federico
Published: October 2014

The phylogeny of the small Old World genus Buglossoides and its position in tribe Lithospermeae was investigated using nrDNA and cpDNA sequences and morphology. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of ITS‐5.8S and trnL‐trnF IGS datasets consistently show that this group is close to Glandora and Lithospermum but not monophyletic. Of the seven species usually included, two were retrieved in the genus Glandora, i.e., B. goulandrisiorum from northern Greece and B. gastonii from the western Pyrenees. Based also on morphology and ecology, the placement of these two rare, rupicolous endemics in Glandora is here advocated and new combinations are made. The rest of Buglossoides includes two early‐diverging clades, one with annual taxa of section Buglossoides and one with the three perennials of section Margarospermum. Morphological, palynological and ecological data support the separation of these two groups in distinct genera, Buglossoides s.str. and the old but largely neglected Aegonychon. Within Buglossoides, two main clades correspond to the B. arvensis and B. incrassata complexes. These show a largely sympatric distribution from the south Mediterranean to central and northern Europe. Combined with their strong phenotypic polymorphism, this causes difficulties in the distinction between taxa of the two clades, especially without characteristic cotyledons or fruiting material. Molecular and morphological evidence clearly support the transfer of the west Mediterranean B. arvensis subsp. permixta to the B. incrassata complex.
The role of the Alzheimer's Society in hospital: evaluation of a new support service for patients and their carers
Authors: Woods Pernille , Tadros George
Published: October 2014

In collaboration with third sector organisation Alzheimer's Society, a new initiative to support patients with memory problems in a general hospital has been launched. Alzheimer's Society support workers hold two weekly drop-in sessions at Heartlands hospital to provide information and plan community follow-up visits.

A service evaluation was conducted with semi-structured staff and carer interviews regarding their views on the service, and attendance data to the Alzheimer's Society sessions were recorded.

Between August and December 2013, 196 individuals visited the Alzheimer's Society in Heartlands hospital. Of these, 18 individuals received referrals to access community services, and carers recommended that a similar service should exist in other hospitals. Staff believed this service complements patients' care pathway, and can help to reduce carer burnout. Recommendations include expanding the service, and introducing dementia cafés. The evaluation should be repeated in 12 months to gather further results on attendance and service-user feedback.
Economising in Public: Publishing History as a Challenge to Scientific Method
Authors: Frost Simon
Published: October 2014

This article examines how the economic field of marginalism—and therefore, modern economics—was established as much through the material conditions of its publications as through its ideas. In recognising that economics was partly constituted by the materiality of its production, it concludes that science publishing is not simply a transparent conduit of peer-reviewed ideas. Using several editions of William Stanley Jevons’s Theory of Politcal Economy from 1871 to 1911 as a case study, the article follows technological and organizational changes necessary for the more viable publication of mathematical formulae, the use of front matter and of bibliographies in the construction of the field, and the subsumption of marginalist thinking into the publishing startegies of Macmillans, one of the biggest English-language trade publishers of the day. In establishing a print culture history for the constitution of economics, the article also takes into account wider circulations of economic ideas, and the imbrication of early economics texts into social conflict, paradigmatically with the “land question” and Henry George’s Progress and Poverty .
Brandishing their Grey Goose Quills: The Struggle to Publish an Official Life of John Wesley, 1791–1805
Authors: McLaren Scott
Published: October 2014

When John Wesley died in 1791, everyone knew that his official biography would be a bestseller. But early confusion over who m Wesley intended to safeguard his property and take possession of his personal papers led to a protracted struggle over who ought to have the sanctioned right to interpret Wesley’s long life to the wider reading public. This paper argues that as the dispute over Wesley’s biography intensified among his followers, the themes and language that emerged helped to prepare the ground to later conflicts and schisms between preachers and people that would define Methodist history for decades to come.
The Editorial Quest for International Copyright (1886–1896)
Authors: Bellido Jose
Published: October 2014

The establishment of international copyright in the late nineteenth century was not only a legal process. It was also an editorial quest to understand the concrete reality of copyright laws around the world. This essay traces two publishing projects that fundamentally shaped this quest. The first became the most important collection of copyright laws, Lyon-Caen and Delalain’s Lois françaises et étrangères sur la propriété littéraire et artistique . The simultaneous arrival of a specialised journal on copyright, Le Droit d’Auteur , facilitated the modulation and mapping of international copyright laws. The argument in this essay is that these editorial projects were not just representing international copyright, but actually constituting it. Their most immediate and paradoxical effect was that the search for sources of law was converted into the source of international copyright.
Figures of Authorship in Mathew Carey’s Transatlantic Yellow Fever Pamphlets
Authors: Hardy Molly O’Hagan
Published: October 2014

Recently, Mathew Carey’s yellow fever pamphlet, which chronicles the plight of Philadelphians in the 1790s, has received considerable attention from scholars looking to understand civil, racial, and national identity in the first decade of the early Republic. Little attention has been paid to the English and Irish reprints of this pamphlet. The variants that appear in these reprints (including the Dublin edition that render Carey’s authorship anonymous and presents the pamphlet as the work of “an eminent physician”) reveal the multiple hands at work in remaking Carey’s pamphlet outside of Philadelphia, calling into questions assumptions about authorship and national identity in the age of revolution.
China’s Bibliographic Tradition and the History of the Book
Authors: Dai Lianbin
Published: October 2014

This article explores the general disciplinary features of China’s bibliographic norm in relation to modernizing traditional understandings of the Chinese book in historical studies. In comparison with the Anglo-American and French traditions, the Chinese bibliographic norm was scholarly and intellectually oriented to the neglect of the book’s physical features and availability. Chinese bibliographers compiled catalogues not for common readers but for elites, while publishers, printers, booksellers, and trade catalogues were absent from the formation of the Chinese bibliographic tradition. Traditional Chinese studies of the book were subjugated to the bibliographic norm. In considering the book as a tangible object in historical studies, we need an archeology of the book in using traditional bibliographies.
Digital Scholarship and Digital Studies: The State of the Discipline
Authors: Kirschenbaum Matthew , Werner Sarah
Published: October 2014

While popular imagination has “the digital” opposed to “the book,” the two are now inextricably linked. This review essay looks at the range of digital tools available for conducting book history; the importance of software studies, platform studies, critical code studies, and media archaeology for book historians; and the intertwined connections between print and digital in the production and dissemination of today’s books. The authors argue for understanding the necessities of understanding the myriad relationships between page and screen, and the abiding materiality of the digital form.
A Traveler’s Guide to the American Military Establishment: The U.S. Military Academy at West Point as Viewed Through Antebellum American Travel Literature, 1820–1860
Authors: Dwiggins John L.
Published: October 2014

Travel guides provided advice and descriptions of popular tourist sites to a growing readership of leisured travelers in the antebellum United States. Those written about the Hudson River valley could not avoid describing the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, which was mired in conflict as critics and Congressmen sought its abolition. In describing the attractions of West Point, travel guides also editorialized about the virtues of the Academy and intervened directly in these political debates. Travel guides helped legitimize the Academy and military professionalism against their critics and thus played a crucial role in the process of antebellum state-formation.
Port Cities and Printers: Reflections on Early Modern Global Armenian Print Culture
Authors: Aslanian Sebouh D.
Published: October 2014

This essay addresses the burgeoning field of global studies of print culture by examining the rich history of early modern Armenian print culture and book history, both it is own right and comparatively with their counterparts in the European and Islamic worlds.. Drawing on a variety of primary sources (colophons, notarial documents, and correspondence between printers), it makes two significant contributions to the broader scholarship on print culture and book history. First, it restores to the historiography of global print a valuable case study of a Near Eastern print tradition thus far missing from it. Second and more vital, unlike the recent spate of case studies involving South Asian, Persian, and Arabic print histories, it examines an Asian print tradition that stretches back to the first phase of printing, coinciding and overlapping with the early modern period and also with the “hand press” era of printing before the onset of the Industrial Revolution. It argues that from its inception in Venice in 1512 until roughly the early 1800s, the history of Armenian print culture was not only linked to its European counterpart but, much like it, was closely entangled with that of port cities, initially in Europe and subsequently in Asia, where Armenian long-distance merchants, or “port Armenians,” were settled.
“If She Escapes She Will Publish Everything”: Lady Sale and the Media Frenzy of the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842)
Authors: Malhotra Shane
Published: October 2014

This article explores British literary responses to the conflict in Afghanistan. Using the quantitative methodologies of book history, it sheds light on the public responses to this disastrous war, centring on the media storm surrounding Florentia Sale, whose bestselling Journal was published by John Murray. Though she was feted as “the heroine of Kabul” in the press, I reveal the private letters, anonymous narratives and unpublished journals of other eyewitnesses, which contradict her claim to have written the only contemporaneous account of the war recorded “not only daily … but often … hourly.”
“The Hearts of All Sorts of People Were Enflamed”: Manipulating Readers of Spanish Armada News
Authors: Brown Meaghan J.
Published: October 2014

This article addresses attempts by polemical authors to shape public reactions to news imported into England from the Continent before and after the attack of the Spanish Armada. Focusing on an English propaganda pamphlet as a case study for the applicability of Habermas’s Public Sphere model in the sixteenth century, it investigates how related polemical pamphlets produced by both the Hapsburg and Tudor monarchies attempted to teach skeptical reading practices. By depicting a specifically national reading of Armada news, William Cecil, Lord Burghley, acknowledged that reading the news could generate a dissenus among the population that affected national security.
Letters from the Highlands: Scribal Publication and Media Shift in Victorian Scotland
Authors: King Rachael Scarborough
Published: October 2014

This essay argues that a little-studied text, Elizabeth Grant’s Memoirs of a Highland Lady , offers insights into conditions of authorship and publication for middle-class provincial female authors from the early nineteenth century to the turn of the twentieth. While critics have often seen manuscript declining as a form of literary publication by the end of the Romantic period, I argue that Grant—who completed her memoir in 1854—chose to “publish” in manuscript even as she presented herself as historian and historiographer of the Highlands. Grant shows her awareness of a shifting Victorian media environment by analyzing changes in systems of communication and circulation. Her manuscript memoirs demonstrate that Victorians, like ourselves, often viewed history through the lens of media shift.
Preventing “Heresy”: Censorship and Privilege in Mexican Publishing, 1590–1612
Authors: Palacios Albert A.
Published: October 2014

Interrogating printing licenses, this article reconstructs and examines New Spain’s preventive censorship—the procedure that reviewed manuscripts and regulated the economics of the Mexican publishing industry—from 1590 to 1612. As the book flowed from one bureaucracy to the next, writers benefited from their political, academic, and familiar relationships with censors and authorities. These networks helped expedite review and effectively made the printer subordinate to the author in Mexico. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the colony’s trade was author-centric, diverging from common European practice at the turn of the seventeenth century.
“A Favour on the Million”: The Household Edition, the Cheap Reprint, and the Posthumous Illustration and Reception of Charles Dickens
Authors: Louttit Chris
Published: October 2014

The Household Edition of Dickens’s works (1871–1879) has been labeled both “monumental” and a great “popular success.” Critics, however, have neglected its importance, focusing instead on the original serialized appearance of his fiction. Taking this neglect as its starting point, this article analyses the physical form of the edition, considering in particular its new illustrations and their reception in the popular culture of the late Victorian period. Its analysis reveals that the Household Edition played a significant role in the posthumous reception of Dickens, simultaneously celebrating his achievements and updating his works for a later generation of readers.
Ghost Journeys and Phantom Books: Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera’s Elusive Library of Pirates
Authors: McCarl Clayton
Published: October 2014

This article examines a collection of approximately 30 print and manuscript works on piracy that Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera cites in Piratas y contrabandistas de ambas Indias , a Spanish history of piracy completed in 1693, first published in 2011. These texts, largely Northern European in origin, are today unknown, having either evaded the bibliographic record or never existed. The author examines how Seyxas employs these sources, locates Piratas y contrabandistas within the larger textual production arising from overseas travel in the seventeenth century, and considers what Seyxas’ bibliography can potentially offer scholars of the Early Modern maritime world.
Vaccination and the Politics of Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Japan
Authors: Trambaiolo Daniel
Published: October 2014

summary: The adoption of the cowpox vaccine in nineteenth-century Japan has often been seen as a more straightforward development than its introduction to other non-Western countries. However, the research leading to this conclusion has been based primarily on sources written by Japanese practitioners of Westernstyle medicine ( ranpō ), while the perspectives of Chinese-style ( kanpō ) practitioners, who were more numerous than ranpō practitioners but less likely to have shown immediate enthusiasm for vaccination, have been largely neglected. Kanpō doctors typically learned about vaccination from Chinese rather than European sources and often held an ambivalent attitude toward the vaccine’s foreign origins. This article develops an analysis of kanpō writings on vaccination and suggests that skepticism about the vaccine remained widespread for at least a decade after its initial arrival in Japan, providing new insights into both the initial opposition and the subsequent acceptance of the technique.
Writing Women into Medical History in the 1930s: Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead and “Medical Women” of the Past and Present
Authors: Appel Toby A.
Published: October 2014

summary: Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead (1867–1941), a leader among second-generation women physicians in America, became a pioneer historian of women in medicine in the 1930s. The coalescence of events in her personal life, the declining status of women in medicine, and the growing significance of the new and relatively open field of history of medicine all contributed to this transformation in her career. While she endeavored to become part of the community of male physicians who wrote medical history, her primary identity remained that of a “medical woman.” For Hurd-Mead, the history of women in the past not only filled a vital gap in scholarship but served practical ends that she had earlier pursued by other means—those of inspiring and advancing the careers of women physicians of the present day, promoting organizations of women physicians, and advocating for equality of opportunity in the medical profession.
Considering Death: The Third British Heart Transplant, 1969
Authors: Macdonald Helen
Published: October 2014

summary: On May 29, 1969, London’s newspapers carried dramatic headlines: “Donor’s Heart ‘Switched Off’ by Doctors.” Margaret Sinsbury had died in Guy’s Hospital, after which her heart was removed and transplanted. This, the third British heart transplant, crystallized the deep concerns that were by then swirling around the wider transplant enterprise, notably whether the people from whom organs were being taken were dead or had been made so. Yet a year earlier, to reassure the public in this regard, a formula had been devised at the U.K. Health Ministries’ MacLennan Conference to enable death to be certified based on cerebral rather than cardiac indicators. This was the first such formula in the English-speaking world, and it included safeguards to protect the interests of dying patients who were considered to be potential organ donors. However, the third British heart transplant revealed these protections to be a chimera, and brought such operations there to a halt for a decade.
The Fielding H. Garrison Lecture: Enemy of the People/Enemy of the State: Two Great(ly Infamous) Doctors, Passions, and the Judgment of History
Authors: Reverby Susan M.
Published: October 2014

summary: If the aphorism “history will be the judge” is deployed, the active agent of this formulation is the historian. Comparing two great(ly infamous) doctors, John C. Cutler and Alan Berkman, the article considers how historians balance digging for sources, creating meaningful narrative, and acknowledging our own beliefs that embed in the judgments we make. The article explores our responsibility for balance and moral judgment at the same time. Cutler, admonished for his role in the infamous sexually transmitted diseases studies in Tuskegee and Guatemala, also was a well-respected researcher and teacher. Berkman, renowned for his success in global HIV/AIDs activism, was also only the second physician in U.S. history to be charged with accessory to murder after the fact and who served seven hard years for bombings and robbery. The author considers her relationship to these physicians and the effort to create a passionate historical practice.
The Canonical Status of Children’s Book Authors: The Self-Image of Dutch Children’s Writers since the 1990s
Authors: Van Lierop-Debrauwer Helma
Published: October 2014

The literary emancipation of children’s literature which started in the 1990s has slightly improved the canonical status of children’s authors. On the basis of a case-study of Dutch children’s book writers this article argues that this small step forward towards external literary recognition is paralleled by more self-confidence and self-esteem among the authors themselves. Evidence is found in the writers’ acknowledgement of the importance of children’s books as part of the literary system.
Rebellion as Spiritual Activity in The Magician’s Elephant and The Invention of Hugo Cabret
Authors: Posey Catherine
Published: October 2014

Some orphans in children’s literature rebel in order to survive, but this rebellion can serve a deeper purpose. Readers may discover a spiritual dimension in the narratives through characters’ rebellious acts in The Magician’s Elephant by Kate DiCamillo and Hugo in The Invention of Huge Cabret by Brian Selznick. Both books highlight a relational spirituality, suggesting that life-changing connections can develop compassion and a renewed sense of purpose.
Mello and His Precursors: Invisible Threads
Authors: Pardo María Gracia
Published: October 2014

This essay examines the work of Brazilian illustrator Roger Mello by placing it in dialog with the literary tradition, the artistic environment, and the historical circumstances that have contributed to shape it, from Mello’s childhood in Brasília during the Brazilian dictatorship—in a time when children’s literature thrived as one of the few freely circulating means of expression— to the recent announcement that he is the winner of the 2014 Hans Christian Andersen Illustrator Award.
Verbal-Visual Narrative and the Development of Brazilian Identity in the Work of Roger Mello
Authors: Ramos Flávia Brocchetto , Nunes Marília Forgearini
Published: October 2014

Using elements of the plot from Roger Mello’s Cavalhadas de Pirenópolis , the aim of this article is to show how various verbal and plastic details reveal aspects of Brazilian culture and identity. I highlight the importance of a mediated reading experience and suggest that images be considered not only by the decorative role they play, but also because of their discursive content.
Picture Book Characters with Disabilities: Patterns and Trends in a Context of Radical Change
Authors: Emmerson Jean , Fu Qiang , Lendsay Andrea , Brenna Beverley
Published: October 2014

This study, framed through a lens of Radical Change, examines selected Canadian and American picture books featuring characters with disabilities. While aspects of diversity such as cultural difference are consciously included in contemporary children’s books, differences related to disability are often absent. In this study, qualitative content analysis identifies patterns, trends, and themes related to characterizations that involve disabilities, proposing critical literacy as a framework through which children may interrogate messages in text and illustration.
Translation of Culturally-Specific Items in Hooshang Moradi’s The Palm
Authors: Eshraq Bahar
Published: October 2014

This article identifies the changes occurring in the translation of cultural words in the Persian YA book, The Palm , by Houshang Moradi Kermani. When cultural words are involved, there is a translation problem due to the cultural gap between the two languages. This article tries to find the position of the translators, and the systematic or idiosyncratic nature of the strategies adopted in the translation of cultural words in this YA novel.
Trends in Translations: The Mildred L. Batchelder Award from 1997-2013
Authors: Garrison Kasey , Kimmel Sue
Published: October 2014

The Mildred L. Batchelder Award is given to United States publishers who have published English translations of books originating outside the US. This study analyzes characteristics of Batchelder titles from 1997-2013 including format, genre, original language, and setting. Our findings reveal a predominance of Western European languages and settings and a preponderance of fiction novels with serious subjects. These findings raise questions about the availability and diversity of translated books for children in the US.
Riegl’s “Modern Cult of Monuments” and The Problem of Value
Authors: Lamprakos Michele
Published: October 2014

The Venice Charter (1964) reaffirmed the historicist principles of the Athens Charter (1931), recasting them in terms of universal values. In the intervening decades, critics of the Venice Charter have attacked many of its premises, in particular, its focus on material authenticity. In response, some representatives of official discourse have retrenched—defending the objective validity of the charter, while expanding the range of “values” that guides its application. In essence, they have attempted to reconcile notions of the monument inherited from the Enlightenment with the “postmodern” idea of multiple and shifting values. The result has been an ever-expanding definition of the “monument”—without serious questioning of the underlying principles that guide its treatment. Alois Riegl’s classic essay “The Modern Cult of Monuments: Its Character and Origin” (1903) is often cited as the first, and most profound, formulation of values-based conservation. Yet few have analyzed this dense and tremendously influential essay in its historical context. It is rarely noted that Riegl’s essay was in fact the introduction to a draft conservation law, which he wrote soon after his appointment as Conservator General for the Austrian State. An art historian, lawyer, and museum curator, Riegl wrote his essay with a practical aim: to develop a method for managing the growing body of antiquities in the charge of the state. When studied together with the draft law, it is clear that Riegl did not intend for relative values to replace older notions of value, but rather, to supplement them. As such, the contradictions of contemporary theory and practice were inherent in Riegl’s own project. This paper argues that we must reassess this project and its legacy, if we are to escape the current quandary of conservation.
European Industrial and Engineering Heritage as an Illustration of Current Challenges in Defining Heritage and Its Uses
Authors: Laconte Pierre
Published: October 2014

Nowhere is the need for adaptive reuse more evident than in the case of industrial and engineering sites, which are in very large supply as a result of industrial delocalization and accelerated technical obsolescence. This paper intends to show through examples how industrial and engineering heritage has been saved and reused in a contemporary context, while allowing future generations to retain the heritage associated with the sites. Case studies include the conversion of industrial wastelands in Germany into lakes or parks, the saving of a derelict heavy industry complex for education purposes in Czech Republic, and the handling of industrial heritage as part of an urban renewal program in Brussels. This paper cites as examples a number of Europa Nostra’s annual heritage awards following the action of Europa Nostra’s Industrial and Engineering Heritage Committee (IEHC). One of the Grand Prix was given to a Brussels Art Deco brewery reconverted into an art and cultural complex, while in addition endeavoring to reuse an earlier set of machines from the nineteenth century for educational purposes. Other examples include electricity and gas plants, historic flood control waterworks in Holland, and reuse of steam railway rolling stock. A recurring issue is the reuse of the inside space.