bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Master–Slave Based Hierarchical Control for a Small Power DC-Distributed Microgrid System with a Storage Device
Authors: Lee Seung-Woon , Cho Bo-Hyung
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we analyze one of the main drawbacks of droop control-based DC microgrid systems, and propose a novel control method to overcome this problem. Typically, DC microgrid systems use droop control techniques to enable communication independency and expandability. However, as these advantages are based on bus quality and regulation abandonment, droop-based schemes have limitations in terms of high bus impedance and bus regulation. This paper proposes a novel master–slave based hierarchical control technique for a DC distribution system, in which a DC bus signaling method is used to overcome the communication dependency and the expandability limitations of conventional master–slave control methods. The concept and design considerations of the proposed control method are presented, and a 1 kW simulation under a Powersim (PSIM) environment and hardware prototype—built to verify the system—is described.
The Activating NKG2C Receptor Is Significantly Reduced in NK Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Severe Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Kordelas Lambros , Steckel Nina-Kristin , Horn Peter , Beelen Dietrich , Rebmann Vera
Published: October 2016

Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in the innate immune system. In allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), alloreactive NK cells derived by the graft are discussed to mediate the elimination of leukemic cells and dendritic cells in the patient and thereby to reduce the risk for leukemic relapses and graft-versus-host reactions. The alloreactivity of NK cells is determined by various receptors including the activating CD94/NKG2C and the inhibitory CD94/NKG2A receptors, which both recognize the non-classical human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E). Here we analyze the contribution of these receptors to NK cell alloreactivity in 26 patients over the course of the first year after alloSCT due to acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and T cell Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma. Our results show that NK cells expressing the activating CD94/NKG2C receptor are significantly reduced in patients after alloSCT with severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Moreover, the ratio of CD94/NKG2C to CD94/NKG2A was reduced in patients with severe acute and chronic GvHD after receiving an HLA-mismatched graft. Collectively, these results provide evidence for the first time that CD94/NKG2C is involved in GvHD prevention.
Effects of Ganodermanondiol, a New Melanogenesis Inhibitor from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Kim Ji-Woong , Kim Hong-Il , Kim Jong-Hyeon , Kwon O-Chul , Son Eun-Suk , Lee Chang-Soo , Park Young-Jin
Published: October 2016

Ganoderma lucidum, a species of the Basidiomycetes class, has been attracting international attention owing to its wide variety of biological activities and great potential as an ingredient in skin care cosmetics including “skin-whitening” products. However, there is little information available on its inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition of G. lucidum and its inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. We isolated the active compound from G. lucidum using ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractionation. In addition, we assayed its inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. In this study, we identified a bioactive compound, ganodermanondiol, which inhibits the activity and expression of cellular tyrosinase and the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), thereby decreasing melanin production. Furthermore, ganodermanondiol also affected the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathway, which are involved in the melanogenesis of B16F10 melanoma cells. The finding that ganodermanondiol from G. lucidum exerts an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase will contribute to the use of this mushroom in the preparation of skin care products in the future.
Portable Electronic Tongue Based on Microsensors for the Analysis of Cava Wines
Authors: Giménez-Gómez Pablo , Escudé-Pujol Roger , Capdevila Fina , Puig-Pujol Anna , Jiménez-Jorquera Cecilia , Gutiérrez-Capitán Manuel
Published: October 2016

Cava is a quality sparkling wine produced in Spain. As a product with a designation of origin, Cava wine has to meet certain quality requirements throughout its production process; therefore, the analysis of several parameters is of great interest. In this work, a portable electronic tongue for the analysis of Cava wine is described. The system is comprised of compact and low-power-consumption electronic equipment and an array of microsensors formed by six ion-selective field effect transistors sensitive to pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, and CO32−, one conductivity sensor, one redox potential sensor, and two amperometric gold microelectrodes. This system, combined with chemometric tools, has been applied to the analysis of 78 Cava wine samples. Results demonstrate that the electronic tongue is able to classify the samples according to the aging time, with a percentage of correct prediction between 80% and 96%, by using linear discriminant analysis, as well as to quantify the total acidity, pH, volumetric alcoholic degree, potassium, conductivity, glycerol, and methanol parameters, with mean relative errors between 2.3% and 6.0%, by using partial least squares regressions.
Education Policy and Under-Five Survival in Uganda: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Makate Marshall
Published: October 2016

This study seeks to examine the influence of mothers’ schooling accomplishments on child mortality outcomes by exploiting the exogenous variability in schooling prompted by the 1997 universal primary education (UPE) policy in Uganda. The UPE policy, which eliminated school fees for all primary school children, provides an ideal setting for investigating the causal effect of the subsequent burst in primary school enrollment on child mortality outcomes in Uganda. The analysis relies on data from three waves of the nationally representative Uganda Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2000/01, 2006, and 2011. To lessen the bias created by the endogenous nature of education, this study employs the mother’s age at UPE implementation as an instrumental variable in the two-stage least squares model. The empirical analysis shows that one-year spent in school translates to a 2.24 percentage point decline in under-five mortality as observed at survey date and a 1.58 percentage point reduction in infant mortality even after accounting for potential confounding variables. These upshots are weakly robust to a variety of sample sizes and different model specifications. Overall, the results suggest that increasing the primary schooling possibilities for women might contribute towards a reduction in child mortality in low-income countries with high child mortality rates.
The Standard-Model Extension and Gravitational Tests
Authors: Tasson Jay
Published: October 2016

The Standard-Model Extension (SME) provides a comprehensive effective field-theory framework for the study of CPT and Lorentz symmetry. This work reviews the structure and philosophy of the SME and provides some intuitive examples of symmetry violation. The results of recent gravitational tests performed within the SME are summarized including analysis of results from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), sensitivities achieved in short-range gravity experiments, constraints from cosmic-ray data, and results achieved by studying planetary ephemerids. Some proposals and ongoing efforts will also be considered including gravimeter tests, tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle, and antimatter experiments. Our review of the above topics is augmented by several original extensions of the relevant work. We present new examples of symmetry violation in the SME and use the cosmic-ray analysis to place first-ever constraints on 81 additional operators.
FUZZY COPRAS METHOD FOR PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: TURANOGLU BEKAR Ebru , CAKMAKCI Mehmet , KAHRAMAN Cengiz
Published: October 2016

Modern manufacturing firms should be supported by effective maintenance to become successful in their operations. One of the approaches for improving the performance of maintenance activities is to implement a total productive maintenance (TPM) strategy. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is the key measure of TPM. According to the results of the literature review, the performance elements measured by the OEE tool are not sufficient to describe the effectiveness of TPM implementation. Hence, we aim at developing and evaluating new performance measures oriented towards the quantification of TPM implementation effectiveness under fuzzy environment. For the evaluation of each performance measure, at first, the nominal group technique has been used. Then to determine whether these performance measures are statistically significant, conjoint analysis based experimental design has been applied. In the second step, COmplex PRo-portional ASsessment of alternatives with Grey relations (COPRAS-G) and the fuzzy COPRAS method has been developed to evaluate these performance measures in TPM. Proposed fuzzy COPRAS method gives the reassuring results of ranking newly developed performance measures in TPM.
ReefMedMol: Mollusca from the infralittoral rocky shores - the biocoenosis of photophilic algae - in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Poursanidis Dimitris , Koutsoubas Drosos , Arvanitidis Christos , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos
Published: October 2016

This paper describes two datasets on the molluscan fauna from the Mediterranean infralittoral reef ecosystem - the biocoenosis of photophilic algae. The ﬁrst dataset is taken from the East Mediterranean node of the NAGISA project. The second one is a compilation based on the available published material in peer - reviewed journals as well as from the accessible grey literature. These datasets cover a time period of 43 years from 1969 to 2012 from several locations spanning the Mediterranean Sea.

This dataset is the only one available from this important Mediterranean Habitat, coded as 1170 in the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and can provide valuable information on the needs of ecosystems functions and services assessment, habitat and species conservation as well as marine spatial planning.
Portrait d’un poète déchiré entre deux langues. Noguchi Yonejiro et son aventure poétique
Authors: Fukuda Daisuke
Published: October 2016

Cette recherche porte sur Yonejiro Noguchi (1875-1947) connu pour être l’un des poètes propagandistes de la guerre du Pacifique. Son parcours atypique permet de mieux comprendre non seulement la logique de sa vie mais aussi l’incidence des langues occidentales dans la langue japonaise. Dans cet article est évoquée la modernisation du Japon et de la langue japonaise afin de mieux comprendre le mécanisme de l’inconscient dans la langue japonaise dont le caractère singulier est épinglé par J. Lacan.
Lignes de fractures de l’image spéculaire : entre la neuropsychologie et la psychanalyse
Authors: Caine Diana
Published: October 2016

Les lésions cérébrales, on le sait, touchent les facultés cognitives. Mais la façon dont les malades éprouvent ces changements tantôt violents, tantôt insidieux, est un aspect beaucoup moins bien compris. Partant d’une rencontre clinique avec deux hommes âgés ayant perdu la capacité de reconnaitre leur propre image dans le miroir – premier signe d’une démence –, Diana Caine a commencé à chercher au-delà de la neuropsychologie, vers la psychanalyse, une réponse à cette question.
Virgilio ou la vie comme elle va
Authors: Soulès Dominique
Published: October 2016

Très tôt abandonné par sa mère et délaissé par son père, Virgilio passe enfance et adolescence entre le domicile de ses grands-parents paternels et des foyers où le conduit sa violence qui, d’ailleurs, s’y entretient. Il est marqué, mais différemment, par ces deux absences parentales. Il entretient avec les femmes des rapports jamais durables mais toujours marqués par l’argent et avec les hommes, des amitiés masculines fortes. Sa vie, entrecoupée d’épisodes délirants et violents, va comme elle peut : sed fluctuat nec mergitur ... du moins pas totalement.
Éthique et menace sanitaire
Authors: Coquin Yves
Published: October 2016

Les situations où il peut exister un conflit entre le respect des libertés individuelles et les intérêts de santé publique sont décrites. Une distinction est faite entre la situation habituelle qui peut être qualifiée de « normale » (obligation vaccinale, obligation de transmission de données individuelles nominatives à l’autorité sanitaire pour diverses maladies) et la situation créée par une pandémie grippale dont les conséquences redoutables sont rappelées, et qui nécessitera la mise en œuvre de mesures dites « barrières ». Les différentes mesures sont discutées, ainsi que les outils juridiques et les aspects éthiques.
Mondialisation de la résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques : le risque d’une crise sanitaire majeure ?
Authors: Andremont Antoine
Published: October 2016

L’emploi massif des antibiotiques depuis soixante ans a été suivi d’un développement progressif de la résistance des bactéries à leur égard. L’assèchement récent de la découverte de nouveaux antibiotiques fait que l’évolution de la résistance bactérienne fait passer ces médicaments « miracles » dans la catégorie des « ressources limités » dont l’emploi doit être préservé. Des bactéries pathogènes résistantes à quasi tous les antibiotiques disponibles sont aujourd’hui fréquemment retrouvées chez les patients hospitalisés. Des formes totalement résistantes sont assez facilement possibles à construire et ont déjà été observées de façon naturelle, mais heureusement uniquement de façon sporadique. Le risque civil rejoint ici le risque de malveillance et les moyens à développer à leur encontre sont communs.
Réflexions sur la notion de crise sanitaire
Authors: Laporte Sylvie
Published: October 2016

Le concept de « crise sanitaire » est complexe, polymorphe, souffrant d’une inexistence juridique en tant que tel, mais il peut être abordé dans sa substance au travers de plusieurs expressions juridiques approchées (ex : « menaces sanitaires graves »). Ce concept appelle néanmoins un éclaircissement quant à son contenu, permettant non seulement de rendre compte de son caractère insaisissable, mais aussi de la nécessité de penser les systèmes d’alerte, de prévention et de protection dans une dynamique de sécurité globale.
Le Hezbollah libanais : du pragmatisme politique à la subversion par l’information
Authors: le Gouvello Briec
Published: October 2016

Depuis son intégration dans le jeu démocratique libanais, le Hezbollah a su faire preuve d’une certaine forme de pragmatisme politique – voire même idéologique – s’expliquant autant par la nécessité du « consensus » au sein d’une société libanaise multiconfessionnelle que par la nature complexe du parti de Dieu tout à la fois parti politique, organisation militaire et institution sociale. C’est à partir de cette stratégie politique pragmatique qu’il est nécessaire de penser les stratégies d’information et de communication du Hezbollah ; en particulier d’appréhender le dispositif d’information et de communication mis en place par l’organisation chiite ainsi que la forme des messages émis à des audiences ou des « cibles » spécifiques. Il apparaît nettement que le Hezbollah utilise l’information de manière offensive, en puisant dans toute la gamme des stratégies d’information, de la persuasion ou de l’influence jusqu’à la propagande voire même la manipulation. Cette stratégie multidirectionnelle fait signe vers une forme d’affrontement que l’on pourrait qualifier de « guerre des significations » au sein de laquelle le « Faible » tend à annuler l’avantage technologique du « Fort » à travers notamment une intégration de la dimension subversive de l’information. La « guerre ratée » d’Israël contre le Hezbollah en juillet 2006 valide ces observations et permet ainsi de tirer des enseignements quant à la gestion de l’information au sein des conflits asymétriques contemporains.
La lutte contre le terrorisme, vecteur d’un renouveau de la pensée stratégique ?
Authors: Hunter Robert
Published: October 2016

Le système international de la Guerre froide fut d’une assez grande précision. La période de vide stratégique qui lui a succédé n’est pas nécessairement refermée par le 11 septembre, car il manque une réflexion approfondie et une capacité d’analyse objective sur le phénomène terroriste, comparable à celles que suscita la menace nucléaire. À défaut de répondre à ce besoin critique de pensée et d’intelligence, le terrorisme pourrait générer une réaction inappropriée et excessive.
Crime organisé et présence mafieuse en France : une réalité mal appréciée
Authors: Pierrat Jérôme
Published: October 2016

Organisations baltes, gangs balkaniques, tamouls, chinois et nigérians, mafias d’ex-URSS... ces dernières années, le crime organisé international s’est signalé en France. Ces nouvelles menaces criminelles lancent de nouveaux défis aux forces de l’ordre. Leurs organisations sont méconnues, tout comme leurs profils criminels, sans parler des difficultés posées par la langue et le recrutement d’indicateurs dans ces milieux le plus souvent fermés. Face à des ennemis inconnus, policiers, gendarmes et douaniers doivent se renseigner et apprendre à les connaître pour les combattre. Cela n’est pas forcément dans leur culture, ni dans leurs moyens.
Aveuglement, enracinement : comment s’installe le crime organisé
Authors: Gayraud Jean-François
Published: October 2016

Comment s’implante le crime organisé ? Souvent, le crime organisé bénéficie pour s’implanter de l’aveuglement volontaire ou non des autorités étatiques. Cette période d’absence est toujours mise à profit par les criminels supérieurs pour s’enraciner. Les causes de cet aveuglement sont en soi un sujet d’études aussi important, si ce n’est plus, que celui de l’observation directe des criminels. Pendant un demi-siècle, pour des raisons diverses, les États-Unis de John Edgar Hoover ont ainsi laissé s’installer la Mafia. La France a aussi connu de telles cécités dans son histoire récente.
La sécurité environnementale du Japon, confrontation ou coopération régionale ?
Authors: Taithe Alexandre
Published: October 2016

Le Japon subit de manière croissante des pollutions transfrontalières, principalement d’origine chinoise. Prolongeant la sensibilisation et la vigilance de la population japonaise pour les questions environnementales, le Japon a développé une diplomatie verte, avec comme principal instrument l’Aide Publique au Développement. Cet article permet également d’étudier les conditions d’entrée d’enjeux environnementaux dans les sphères de la sécurité intérieure et internationale.
La sécurisation des frontières extérieures de l’Union européenne : enjeux et dispositifs
Authors: Duez Denis
Published: October 2016

Loin de s’effacer avec la mondialisation, les concepts de « frontière » et de « territoire » ont gagné une importance nouvelle ces dernières années. L’Union européenne n’échappe pas à cette tendance. Elle a fait du contrôle de ses frontières extérieures une dimension essentielle de sa politique de sécurité. En l’absence de moyens opérationnels propres, l’Union s’est toutefois engagée sur la voie d’une frontière électronique qualifiée d’intelligente s’inspirant fortement de l’expérience américaine en la matière. Grâce aux nouvelles technologies, il s’agit d’assurer simultanément la surveillance des déplacements individuels et celle de vastes zones géographiques aux marches de l’Europe.
Quelle gouvernance mondiale pour le G20 ?
Authors: Friang Thomas
Published: October 2016

Les crises récentes, révélatrices des interdépendances connectant les grandes puissances développées et émergentes, ont placé le G20 au-devant du concert général des Nations. Construit sur le format d’un cadre privilégié où le problème de la réforme des Nations unies n’empêche plus la coopération, il doit toutefois composer avec une critique fondamentale portant sur sa légitimité et inventer un mode de coopération avec le système onusien. Cela n’a pourtant pas empêché le Groupe de développer un dialogue de plus en plus régulier et étendu. Après avoir consacré ses prérogatives sur l’agenda économique et financier, il s’est emparé du débat sur le développement. S’il s’apprête à traiter des questions environnementales, son extension sur le segment des questions politiques semble impossible.
Ruolo e salvaguardia delle evidenze stratigrafiche nel progetto e nel cantiere di restauro
Authors: Doglioni Francesco
Published: October 2016

La relazione affronta diversi aspetti del rapporto tra stratigrafia e restauro architettonico.Dopo aver descritto la posizione nei confronti dell’utilizzo della stratigrafia delle principali correnti di pensiero sul restauro in Italia, vengono trattate la questione dell’autenticità e degli interventi a contrasto degli effetti di degrado che coinvolgono le tracce della stratificazione. Ai fini della riconoscibilità degli interventi di restauro, si propone di concepirli e realizzarli come strati intenzionalmente realizzati per consentire a posteriori la lettura della sequenza, e si indicano accorgimenti e modi operativi.Vengono presentati tre casi di restauro (il Chiostro delle Cucine nel Convento di S. Paolo a Parma, la chiesa di S.Marcello a Feltre, il Convento di S. Cosma e Damiano a Venezia) che, con modalità articolate, cercano di coniugare la conservazione e la leggibilità delle tracce con gli obiettivi più generali del restauro.
Después del Imperio Romano y antes del año mil: morfología urbana, técnicas constructivas y producciones cerámicas
Authors: Azkarate Garai-Olaun Agustín , Solaun Bustinza José Luis
Published: October 2016

Este trabajo, circunscrito al reducido marco de los dos pósters que se presentaron en el Seminario Internacional de Arqueología de la Arquitectura (Arquitectura doméstica medieval I, II), constituye un avance de un libro que verá la luz en verano de 20041. El objetivo, en consecuencia, no es otro que mostrar de una manera muy breve y desde tres ópticas diferentes pero consustanciales —morfología urbana, técnicas constructivas y producciones cerámicas—, la evolución del poblamiento a lo largo de los siglos tardoantiguos y altomedievales. Tanto en su fondo como en su forma adquirirá, por tanto, un tono forzosamente sintético y simplificado, reduciendo al máximo el aparato crítico y otros recursos bibliográficos.
Arquitectura de tierra, piedra y madera en Madrid (ss. V-IX d.C.). Variables materiales, consideraciones sociales
Authors: Vigil-Escalera Guirado Alfonso
Published: October 2016

El trabajo pasa revista a los datos provistos por recientes excavaciones, en su mayoría inéditas, concernientes a tipos de arquitectura doméstica altomedieval documentadas en la región de Madrid. El empleo de materiales de construcción disponibles en el entorno inmediato de los asentamientos marca importantes diferencias entre territorios a veces muy próximos. Pero incluso en contextos como éstos, caracterizados por una significativa autosuficiencia y el «recurso a ciclos productivos simplificados» (AZKARATE, QUIRÓS, 2001: 53), se advierte un acceso y utilización diferencial de materiales que podría constituir un cierto indicador de formas de desigualdad en el seno de las comunidades.
Procedencia y uso de madera de pino silvestre y pino laricio en edificios históricos de Castilla y Andalucía
Authors: Rodríguez Trobajo Eduardo
Published: October 2016

Se realiza un recorrido a través del ciclo constructivo de las maderas de pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) y pino laricio (Pinus nigra Arn.) en el ámbito de la carpintería medieval de Castilla y Andalucía. Nuevos criterios para diferenciar las dos especies de madera y su datación dendrocronológica, son aportados como datos previos para determinar el origen geográfico del material. Son objeto de discusión los nombres históricos de estas especies y otras voces, como alerce, que tienen una imprecisa asignación. Se identifican así las principales áreas históricas de aprovechamiento y las vías fluviales del Tajo y Guadalquivir utilizadas para el abastecimiento de madera de pino laricio a poblaciones del interior peninsular (Sevilla, Toledo, Madrid, etc.). Por otra parte, se analizan la diversificación de maderas y su uso selectivo en función del valor resistente de cada especie. Así mismo, las condiciones de disponibilidad determinan que un tipo de madera se convierta en fósilguía (especie-guía), que se propone como indicador cronológico de varios periodos y contextos constructivos. Finalmente, se estudian más en detalle restos lígneos del primer milenio de la Era, pertenecientes a la Mezquita de Córdoba y cuatro iglesias altomedievales de la cuenca del Duero (La Nave, Baños, Quintanilla y Barriosuso). La datación empírica y el análisis de este material aportan una cronología post quem de la construcción de estos edificios y también nuevos datos sobre la distribución de estas especies en la región norte de la Península Ibérica.
Tissue Microenvironments in the Nasal Epithelium of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Define Two Distinct CD8α+ Cell Populations and Establish Regional Immunity
Authors: Sepahi Ali , Casadei Elisa , Tacchi Luca , Muñoz Pilar , LaPatra Scott E. , Salinas Irene
Published: October 2016

Mucosal surfaces require balancing different physiological roles and immune functions. To effectively achieve multifunctionality, mucosal epithelia have evolved unique microenvironments that create unique regional immune responses without impairing other normal physiological functions. Whereas examples of regional immunity are known in other mucosal epithelia, to date, no immune microenvironments have been described in the nasal mucosa, a site where the complex functions of olfaction and immunity need to be orchestrated. In this study we identified the presence of CD8α+ cells in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) nasal epithelium. Nasal CD8α+ cells display a distinct phenotype suggestive of CD8+ T cells with high integrin β2 expression. Importantly, nasal CD8α+ cells are located in clusters at the mucosal tip of each olfactory lamella but scattered in the neuroepithelial region. The grouping of CD8α+ cells may be explained by the greater expression of CCL19, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the mucosal tip compared with the neuroepithelium. Whereas viral Ag uptake occurred via both tip and lateral routes, tip-resident MHC class II+ cells are located significantly closer to the lumen of the nasal cavity than are their neuroepithelial counterparts, therefore having quicker access to invading pathogens. Our studies reveal compartmentalized mucosal immune responses within the nasal mucosa of a vertebrate species, a strategy that likely optimizes local immune responses while protecting olfactory sensory functions.
Fifth generation seismic hazard model for Canada: crustal, in-slab, and interface hazard values for southwestern Canada
Authors: Halchuk S , Adams J , Allen T
Published: October 2016

Canada's 5th Generation seismic hazard model is the basis for the seismic design provisions in the 2015 National Building Code of Canada. For the southern half of British Columbia and Alberta, the hazard contributions come from three main sources of shaking -
crustal, in-slab and interface earthquakes - and this report provides their individual hazard contributions. Spectral acceleration is determined at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 second periods, peak acceleration and peak velocity. Values at eight probability levels are provided
between 1/50 and 1/2,475 per annum. The spectral parameters allow the construction of uniform hazard spectra (UHS) for each of the three contributors. These individual UHS will allow better-informed choices for scenario events and for the selection of representative time histories than is possible
from the total UHS.
Prevalence of visual impairment and refractive error in school-aged children in South Darfur State of Sudan
Authors: Alrasheed Saif H. , Naidoo Kovin S. , Clarke-Farr Peter C.
Published: October 2016

Background: Global estimates suggest there are almost 19 million visually impaired children worldwide, the major cause being uncorrected refractive error (RE).Aim: To assess the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and RE among Sudanese school-aged children.Setting: Eight randomly selected primary schools from 21 districts in South Darfur State of Sudan were involved.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study of RE and VI in primary schoolchildren from grades 1 to 8 (children aged 6–15 years) was investigated. A Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC) protocol was implemented to determine the prevalence of RE and VI in these schoolaged children. Participants were enrolled through stratified multistage cluster sampling of four all-male and four all-female primary schools from South Darfur State of Sudan. Examination procedures followed the RESC protocol, which included visual acuity (VA) measurements, binocular vision assessments, retinoscopy and autorefraction under cycloplegia, as well as examination of the external eye, anterior-segment, media and fundus.Results: A total of 1775 children were invited to participate in the study and 1678 were examined resulting in a participation rate of 94.5%. The findings indicated that the prevalence of uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected VA of 6/12 or worse was 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9–7.9), 4.4% (95% CI, 2.9–5.9) and 1.2% (95% CI, 0.3–2.7) respectively. RE was the cause of VI in 57% of participants, retinal disorders in 13.1%, amblyopia in 5.6%, corneal opacity in 0.9%, cataract in 3.7%, with the causes of reduced vision undetermined in 10.3% and various other causes contributed 9.3%. External and anterior-segment abnormalities were observed in 10.2% of children. This was mainly allergic conjunctivitis (5.3%) followed by bacterial and viral conjunctivitis (4.2%). The prevalence of myopia (≥|-0.50 D|) in one or both eyes was 6.8% (95% CI, 5.3–8.3), hypermetropia (≥ 2 D) was noted in 1.9% (95% CI, 0.4–3.4) and astigmatism (≥|-0.75 D|) prevailed in 2.5% (95% CI, 1.0–4.0). Prevalence of VI among schoolaged children were associated with the children’s age and grade levels (p = 0.00) but was not correlated with gender (p = 0.224). Prevalence of RE among school-aged children was significantly correlated with age and grade levels (p = 0.00). No significant correlation was found between gender and prevalence of RE (p = 0.833). The prevalence of VI because of myopia was associated with increasing grade levels and also the childhood age (p = 0.023), but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of VI because of myopia between male and female children.Conclusion: Uncorrected RE was a major cause of VI among children in the South Darfur State. There is thus a critical need for developing a comprehensive child eye care plan focusing on the reduction of uncorrected RE through collaboration between key stakeholders and government.
A timely wake-up call: The end of Theology as science
Authors: Zuiddam Benno A.
Published: October 2016

No abstract available.
Máquinas y Metáforas
Authors: Martínez García-Posada Ángel
Published: October 2016

The edition La ley del reloj. Arquitectura, máquinas y cultura moderna (Cátedra, Madrid, 2016) registers the useful paradox of the analogy between architecture and technique. Its author, the architect Eduardo Prieto, also a philosopher, professor and writer, acknowledges the obvious distance from machines to buildings, so great that it can only be solved using strange comparisons, since architecture does not move nor are the machines habitable, however throughout the book, from the origin of the metaphor of the machine, with clarity in his essay and enlightening erudition, he points out with certainty some concomitances of high interest, drawing throughout history a beautiful cartography of the fruitful encounter between organics and mechanics.
The Influence of Alcohol Outlets on Urban Trauma: A Pilot Study for Geospatial Modeling at a Fine Scale
Authors: Brondfield Max N , Sciortino Stanley , Juillard Catherine , Fleisher Paula , Schmidt Laura A , Dicker Rochelle
Published: October 2016

Antecedentes

La asociación entre la disponibilidad de alcohol y una lesión es desconocida. Nuestro estudio piloto pretende modelar las tasas de trauma a nivel individual y tracto censal para mejor comprender el papel de los puntos de venta de alcohol (AO) en relación con los factores socioeconómicos pensado en influir las lesiones. La correlación de la disponibilidad de alcohol y lesiones en un modelo multinivel puede informar mejor las medidas de política para evitar el trauma y crear un entorno urbano más seguro.

Diseño del estudio

Los traumas entre enero-abril de 2013 (300 lesiones) de un centro de trauma de nivel 1 urbano se analizaron, con respecto a la puntuación de gravedad de la lesión (ISS) y nivel de alcohol en la sangre (BAL). Eventos de lesiones y datos de AO adquiridos del Control de Bebidas Alcohólicas del Estado se proyectaron sobre un mapa de secciones censales, que incluían datos socioeconómicos y demográficos de la Oficina del Censo de EE.UU. (2009- 2013). Traumas fueron estratificados de acuerdo a la edad, la intencionalidad, y el nivel de alcohol en la sangre. Se llevó a cabo regresiones mínimas cuadradas ordinarias para entender las contribuciones relativas de AO, otras variables dependientes, y auto correlación espacial.

Resultados

Nivel de alcohol en la sangre positivos se asociaron con un mayor ISS entre las víctimas de trauma. A nivel de sección censal, la densidad de fuera de la venta AO per cápita era la variable correlacionada más fuerte con todos los traumas (Rt 2 = 0,52, p <0,01) y aquellos para los que BAL fue elevado en la admisión (Rt 2 = 0,74, p <0,01). Los traumatismos violentos mostrarón la asociación más fuerte con el AO-venta per cápita (Rvt 2 = 0,17). Sin embargo, los niveles de auto correlación espacial eran demasiados altos para validar los resultados del modelo. Las variables socioeconómicas eran insignificantes.

Conclusión

A pesar de la extensa auto correlación censal, modelado preliminar de un traumatismo muestra una promesa significativa para mejor comprender los factores predictivos geoespaciales de estos eventos. Si bien los efectos del alcohol sobre el trauma han sido previstos, en el análisis espacial anterior, esto representa un enfoque piloto más sólido a través de medidas directas de BAL que puede informar mejor la comprensión de predictores espaciales para trauma.

How to cite this article

Brondfield MN, Sciortino S, Juillard C, Fleisher P, Schmidt LA, Dicker R. The Influence of Alcohol Outlets on Urban Trauma: A Pilot Study for Geospatial Modeling at a Fine Scale. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(1):1-10.
Prediccion de Morbilidad y Mortalidad de los Pacientes Con Trauma Penetrante Multiple A Traves de Diferentes Indices de Severidad en Trauma
Authors: Mateus Laura Juliana Delgado , Guerrero Silvia Ines , Serrano Juan Paulo , Gelvez Dairon
Published: October 2016

Introduccion

Los índices de severidad del trauma son sistemas para clasificar y codificar lesiones, describen objetivamente las condiciones de cada paciente, indicando aquellos con lesiones de mayor severidad, la probabilidad de sobrevida y ayudando a prever desenlaces mórbidos. Objetivo: Establecer cual índice de severidad predice mejor la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes con trauma penetrante múltiple.

Diseño del Estudio

Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de cohorte. En un periodo de 13 meses, se recopilaron los pacientes que ingresaron por trauma penetrante múltiple del Hospital Universitario de Santander. Evaluamos la relacion de los índices de severidad (RTSc, ISS, TRISS) con los desenlaces mediante curvas de regresion logística y la predicción de la mortalidad de cada uno según la sensibilidad, especificidad y la curva ROC.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 111 pacientes, 72% ingresaron por heridas por arma corto-punzante (HACP) y 28% por arma de fuego (HPAF). La mortalidad fue del 9.9%, siendo mayor en las HPAF (23% vs. 5%). En los pacientes con HACP, el área bajo la curva (ROC) para el RTSc fue 0.225, para el TRISS 0.148 y para el ISS 0.68. En el grupo con HPAF, el área bajo la curva para el RTSc fue 0.247, para el TRISS 0.190 y para el ISS 0.735.

Conclusiones

El ISS presentó el valor discriminatorio más significativo, siendo un factor pronóstico adaptable en nuestro medio para evaluar el desenlace (mortalidad). La reanimación inicial previa al ingreso de los pacientes a los centros de atención medica afecta el valor predictivo del RTSc y TRISS.

How to cite this article

Guerrero SI, Serrano JP, Delgado LJ, Gelvez D. Prediccion de Morbilidad y Mortalidad de los Pacientes Con Trauma Penetrante Multiple A Traves de Diferentes Indices de Severidad en Trauma. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(1):31-37.
Toxicity of Quaternary Mixtures of Phenolic Compounds and Formulated Glyphosate to Microbial Community of River Water
Authors: Nweke Christian Okechukwu , Ike Christian Chukwuemeka , Ibegbulem Chiedozie Onyejiaka
Published: October 2016

The toxicity of mixtures of formulated glyphosate, phenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol to river water microbial community was investigated using non specific dehydrogenase activity as endpoint. The microbial community was exposed to individual toxicant and quaternary mixture ratios at concentrations ranging from 50 mg L-1 to 3000 mg L-1 over 24 h. The ecological doses (EC50) as estimated from logistic or hormesis dose-effect models were 1317.946 ± 51.460 mg L-1, 1046.414 ± 65.534 mg L-1, 85.080 ± 4.468 mg L-1 and 60.897 ± 5.199 mg L-1 for formulated glyphosate, phenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol respectively. The toxicity and interaction of the mixtures were evaluated using concentration addition and toxic index models. The model deviation ratios (MDR) ranged from 0.553 ± 0.024 to 1.096 ± 0.021 while the toxic index (TI) varied between 0.912 ± 0.017 and 1.810 ± 0.078. However, the MDR and TI for all mixtures lie between 0.5 and 2.0. Thus, the joint action of the mixtures were considered additive.
El tiempo más allá del reloj: las encuestas de uso del tiempo revisitadas
Authors: Carrasco Bengoa Cristina
Published: October 2016

Las encuestas de uso del tiempo -a pesar de haber representado un punto de inflexión en los estudios de las desigualdades entre mujeres y hombres- continúan invisibilizando los tiempos de cuidados y restando relevancia a las dimensiones cualitativas del tiempo. Ello debido tanto a la concepción ideológica que hay detrás de este tipo de estudios que considera de mayor relevancia lo que pasa por el mercado como a la metodología utilizada. En este artículo se pretende analizar el modelo teórico que hay detrás de las encuestas de uso del tiempo y, consecuentemente, el estudio de los aspectos conceptuales, de la metodología y la potencialidad como instrumento analítico de dichas encuestas. Todo ello encaminado a desentrañar las limitaciones que presentan para dar cuenta de dimensiones subjetivas del tiempo más relacionadas con el bien-estar de las personas.
Attracting Students to the Field of Logistics, Part 2
Authors: Maloni Michael J. , Scherrer Christina R. , Mascaritolo John
Published: October 2016

The significant shortage of supply chain and logistics (SC/L) professionals continues to worsen, so it is imperative that we understand how to attract more college students to the field. Part 1 of this series revealed the characteristics of logistics industry jobs that are most likely to attract students. In part 2, we now explore specifically why SC/L majors are drawn to the field so that we can understand how to strengthen this pool of majors and attract students from other majors. The results from two survey data sets reveal that SC/L majors retain a relatively unique profile, drawn to the field primarily by intrinsic (e.g., challenge, problem solving, interest) and extrinsic (job availability, pay, career options) characteristics. They are also more strongly influenced by professors and their school's reputation than other business majors. Cluster analysis reveals that some students from other majors indicate a strong desire to join the field, and these students generally fit the SC/L student profile. We use the results to discuss how SC/L programs can not only better market to students throughout the business school but also more effectively reinforce the perceived fit between SC/L student job expectations and SC/L course content.
Vulnerabilidad socioeducativa y económica de adolescentes y jóvenes en cinco municipios de la RACS
Authors: Rodríguez Vásquez Marieliz Belinda
Published: October 2016

Este artículo está basado en el estudio “Situación socioeducativa y económica de la juventud en contexto de vulnerabilidad” realizado en cinco municipios costeros de la Región Autónoma del Caribe Sur. El estudio incluye una encuesta que se hizo en el 2012, junto a 516 adolescentes y jóvenes de quince a veinticuatro años, de origen indígena, mestizo y afrodescendiente. La encuesta cubrió las variables de identidad, relación familiar, educación, salud, relación laboral, migración, participación comunitaria, organización juvenil, tiempo libre, valores y economía familiar. En el artículo, se analizan los resultados de la encuesta a partir de un marco conceptual de vulnerabilidad que identifica las fuentes que generan la vulnerabilidad de jóvenes desde tres dimensiones- vital, institucional y de inserción socioeconómica, y se valoran oportunidades y agentes facilitadores que pueden disminuir esta vulnerabilidad.Wani Vol.69 2014, pp.51-74  TUKTAN WAHMA TIARA NANI TRABIL RA KAUHWAIA LAMARA BANGHWI BA MUNICIPIO MATSIP RA RAAS TASBAIA BILARA Naha ulbanka nara stadi muni kaikisa upla nani nahki iwi banghwi ba, witing nani aikuki ai tawan bilara, lalah sakaia lainkara bara klauna îwanka lâka nani lainkara tuktan wahma tiara nani RAAS tasbaia ra îwi banghwi ba, nisanka nani sat sat îwi ba, pamali nani aikuki îwanka lâka ba, kûl sinska lâka briaia lainkara, ai wina tara pain briaia lainkara, wark takaia lainkara, tawan nani wala ra waia lainkara, tawan ra wark daukaia lainkara, wahma tiara nani asla takanka lainkara, prî pyuara, rispik lâka bara pamali lalahka nani lainkara. Laki kaikisa dia pitka Trabil ra kauhwaia lamara îwi banghwi ba purkara laki kaikisa tawan uplika nani ba nahki îwi ba, dia wark ka satka nani daukaia sip ba bara wark tatakra nani ailal municipio ka ra banghwi ba. Baku sin naha tilara laki kaikisa nahki wark satka nani ba karna daukaia sip ba wahma tiara nani ba wark ka nani tilara dinki brih aikuki wark takuya bara.
Perspectivas de las comunidades en torno al contexto de vulnerabilidad en que vive la juventud en la RACS
Authors: Martínez Webster María Ethel
Published: October 2016

En este artículo se confrontan los resultados más significativos generados por docentes, líderes comunales, padres de familia, autoridades locales y jóvenes, a través de la organización y discusión, en 36 grupos focales y 23 entrevistas, sobre sus percepciones en torno al contexto de vulnerabilidad en que vive la juventud en cinco municipios de la Región Autónoma del Caribe Sur.Wani Vol.69 2014, pp.75-80TAWAN SIRPI NANI AIKAIKAKA BRIBA WAHMA NAI TRABILKA IWIBA, WAN TASBAYA PUTKA MAIKI SAKANKA MATSIP RA, AUHYA UNRA RACS Naha ulbaka na wal tanka param pali sakisa; smasmalkra nani, tawan ta uplika, aisa yapti nai, tawan putka tabrarira, bara wahma nani, naha nani aisaka dauki balanza, 26 dakni nani ra aisaka makabanka nai 23 satka nani brinba, wahma nani trabilka nani bar aba nahki kaikisa, baiki sakanka patka matsip (5), klauna waupasa putka saitra (RACS).WALABIS BALNA WAWAHMA SIRARAU BALNA TRABIL KAU BUKNIN ULIS BANGH KIDI MUNICIPIO SINKA YAK RAAS SAUNI PAS YAKAT Adika ulna akat stadi munwi tatalwi muih balna ampat yalalahwi bangh kidika, kalpakwi tawannina pas yak, lalah yaknin lainni yak dawak alas lâni kat yalahnin lâni lainni yak walabis wawahma sirarau balna RAAS sauni yak yalahwi bangh kidika, sulani sat sat yalahwi bangh kidika, pamalini balna karak ampat yalalahwa kidika, kûl sinsni lâni dunin lâni yak, muihni nuhni yamni dûnin lainni yak, wark yamnin lainni yak, pâ balna uk kau kiunin lâni yak, mâ paki kat wark yamnin lâni yak, wawahma sirarau balna asla kalahnin lâni yak, prî puyun yak, rispik lâni dawak pamali balna lalahni ninin yak, laihwi talwi ais pitni trabil kau buknin ulis bangh kidika, adika minit yak laihwi talwi tawan muihni balna ampat yalalahwa kidika, ais warkni satni balna yayamnin sip kidika dawak wark yamyang mahni municipio ni yakat bangh kidika, kaput bik adika pas yak laihwi talwi ampat wark satni balna kidi baisa parasni yamnin kidi wawahma sirarau balna wark balna pas yak âwi dûwi kalpapakwi wark yayamwarang puyuni yak.
Verification of Balloon Integrity by Ultrasound Imaging in Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation
Authors: Christensen James D , Trombetta Mark G , Gayou Olivier
Published: October 2016

Purpose: An overview of the ultrasound imaging artifacts encountered in Mammosite balloon APBI is presented. Analysis of ultrasound measurement errors and the dosimetric impact of balloon leakage were used to determine whether clinically relevant changes in balloon size can be reliably detected. Methods: Ultrasound imaging of a Mammosite balloon phantom was performed to better understand measurement errors and accuracy. The dose to the prescription point as a function of balloon diameter was computed for different sized balloons. The results were compared to phantom measurements of balloon diameter versus filling volume to assess the dose change that would result from tissue moving inward with a shrinking balloon boundary. In APBI patients undergoing a course of 10 treatment fractions, the accuracy and variability of balloon size measured with ultrasound imaging was compared to CT. Results: Ultrasound artifacts combine to form a false image of the distal balloon boundary. Proper US probe orientation and choice of measurement point locations improved distance measurement accuracy. A 1 mm change in balloon diameter is measurable with ±0.1 mm error and corresponds to <4% change in dose 1 cm from the balloon. Measurement errors relative to CT averaged less than 1.4 mm and variability (standard deviation) over the course of treatment averaged 1.9 mm. Conclusions: Properly performed ultrasound image acquisition and analysis can detect dosimetrically relevant changes in the size of a leaking balloon. This study confirms that US imaging is a valid method of verifying APBI balloon integrity over the course of treatment.