bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of genus Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India
Authors: PANDHER MANPREET S. , KAUR SIMARJIT , PAREY SAJAD H. , SAINI MALKIAT S.
Published: December 2017

The genus Hydropsyche is reviewed from India. Three new species are described and illustrated belonging to genus Hydropsyche. The newly described species are Hydropsyche curvata sp. nov., H. hajinensis sp. nov., both from Jammu & Kashmir, and H. golitarensis sp. nov. from Sikkim. Hydropsyche quadrata Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (from Sikkim), H. augeias Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (from Uttarakhand) and H. camillus Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000 (from Sikkim and Himachal Pradesh) are reported for the first time from India. Hydropsyche athamas Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000, H. homunculus Schmid 1965, and H. harpagofalcata Mey 1995 are also redescribed and reported for the first time from India. Hydropsyche nuristanica Schmid 1963 (from Jammu and Kashmir) and H. rakshakaha Oláh 1994 (from Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and West Bengal) are reported from these states for the first time. Hydropsyche charon Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2000, from Uttarakhand, H. appendicularis Martynov 1931, and H. pallipenne Banks 1938 are also redescribed and reported from Himachal Pradesh. Hydropsyche claviformis Mey 1996 is also redescribed based on a specimen from Sikkim. Furthermore, the male is redescribed and a neotype is designated for Hydropsyche asiatica Ulmer 1905. Hydropsyche chotanagpurensis is a nomen novum, replacing junior homonym Hydropsyche ulmeri (Martynov 1935). With these additions, the total number of Indian species for genus Hydropsyche is now 54. A catalogue of known Indian species is also given.
Description of Sweltsa tibetensis sp. n. (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) from Tibet Autonomous Region of China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , PAN ZHAOHUI , LIU RUIJUN
Published: December 2017

A new stonefly species of the chloroperlini genus Sweltsa, S. tibetensis, sp. n. is described from the southeastern Tibet Autonomous Region, China and its taxonomic relationship to related taxa is discussed.
A new species of Cedria Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Lysiterminae) from Thailand
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , RAWEEARAMWONG MARISA , BUTCHER BUNTIKA A.
Published: December 2017

The Old World, cyclostome braconid wasp genus Cedria Wilkinson is recorded from Thailand for the first time based on a new species, Cedria wichasei Quicke, Belokobylskij & Butcher, sp. nov., which is described, illustrated, and a key provided to enable its separation from the closely-related species, C. galinae Belokobylskij and C. africana Belokobylskij which share strong peri-occular carina and at least rather rugose frons. Similarities to Apocedria van Achterberg & Chen, from China, are discussed.
Pathways to offending for young Sudanese Australians
Authors: Shepherd Stephane M , Newton Danielle , Farquharson Karen
Published: December 2017

Many Sudanese Australians have faced re-settlement challenges since migrating to Australia from the late 1990s onwards. Challenges have included language barriers, obtaining stable housing, acquiring employment, acculturative stressors and discrimination. Moreover, many have been exposed to pre-migratory traumas and family fragmentation. Despite these difficulties, the vast majority of Sudanese Australians have integrated successfully into the fabric of Australian society. Yet a small number of young Sudanese Australians are at-risk for violence and other criminal activities, resulting in their over-representation in the criminal justice system. These circumstances have been the subject of sustained sensationalised media coverage in Australia. However, little academic attention has been afforded to these matters. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature by identifying the self-reported life experiences and offending patterns of Sudanese-Australian youth in custody. Findings illuminated a number of key risk factors for justice system contact and opportunities for intervention.
Our Right to a Steady Ground: Perceived Rights Violations Motivate Collective Action Against Human-Caused Earthquakes
Authors: Kutlaca Maja , van Zomeren Martijn , Epstude Kai
Published: December 2017

We surveyed 351 inhabitants of a part of the Netherlands that suffers from gas-extraction-induced (and thus “human-caused”) earthquakes. Based on geological reports, we distinguished between three differently affected subregions. We first tested whether being more strongly, objectively affected also implies a stronger subjective disadvantage. Second, we tested whether objective disadvantage moderates which type of perceived rights violations (i.e., perceived violations of personal/family, or collective rights to safety, health, and financial stability) predict collective action intentions. In line with our hypotheses, the participants living in the objectively most affected area perceived their rights to be violated the most, and their collective action intentions were motivated by perceived violations of personal/family rights. In contrast, the collective action intentions of those in the least affected areas were motivated by perceived violations of collective rights. We discuss the importance of understanding the interplay between objective disadvantage, perceived rights violations, and collective action.
Do Schooling and Urban Residence Develop Cognitive Skills at the Expense of Social Responsibility? A Study of Adolescents in the Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Jukes Matthew C. H. , Zuilkowski Stephanie S. , Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: December 2017

The recent growth of schooling and urban residence represents a major change to the cultural context of child development across Africa. The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between these social changes in the Gambia and the development of both cognitive skills and behaviors viewed by participant communities as the basis for success in village life, comprising six aspects of social responsibility. We compared these skills and behaviors in a sample of 562 Gambian adolescents ( M age = 17.1 years) from 10 villages who had either attended a government primary school ( n = 207; 36.8%) or a madrasa ( n = 355; 63.2%). A total of 235 participants (41.8%) had spent a short time living in the Gambia’s major urban center (median visit duration of 4.2 months). This temporary urban residence was associated with improved performance in all six cognitive tests and a decrease in five of the six social responsibility scores, as rated by adults in the community. Government schooling was associated with improved performance in five of the six cognitive tests, but there was no consistent relationship with social responsibility ratings. Associations may result from the profiles of young Gambians who choose or who are selected to go to school or live in the city, or they may result from the effects of those environments on their behaviors and skills. In either case, the implications of our findings are that schooling values certain cognitive abilities and urban life values these cognitive abilities too but devalues social responsibility.
Examining the Relationship Between Anxiogenic Parenting Practices and Cognitive Flexibility in Youth
Authors: Brennan Elle , Luke Anna , Murphy Yolanda , Francazio Sarah , Flessner Christopher
Published: December 2017

Cognitive flexibility (CF), a subdomain of executive functioning (EF), involves abilities such as set shifting and reversal learning. Some variability in CF is normative across youth due to the gradual refinement of broader EF along with the prefrontal cortex. Prior research has suggested that a supportive parenting environment contributes to strong EF, whereas harsh/controlling parenting is associated with deficits. The current investigation explores whether certain parenting practices (e.g., parental accommodation, over-involvement, modeling) are associated with such deficits. Anxiogenic parenting and CF were assessed in 112 youth aged 9 to 17 years, with results demonstrating that parenting practices were not predictive of CF in these youth. Age accounted for the majority of differences in set shifting performance, potentially emphasizing the influence of parenting at different stages of development. Accordingly, future research is necessary to determine the potential impact of anxiogenic parenting at specific points in the development of CF.
Association of Socioeconomic Status, Race and Insurance Status with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Hoehle Lloyd P. , Chyou Darius , Phillips Katie M. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Disparities in health and health care access are widely prevalent. However, disparities among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are poorly understood. We investigated if CRS severity at presentation according to socioeconomic factors.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary rhinology center.

Subjects and Methods

Three hundred prospectively recruited patients presenting with CRS were included. Outcome variables included CRS symptomatology, as reflected by the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22); general health status, as reflected by the EuroQol 5‐dimensional visual analog scale (EQ‐5D VAS); and CRS‐related antibiotic and systemic corticosteroid use. Race/ethnicity, zip code income bracket, education level, and insurance status were used as predictor variables. Regression, controlling for clinical and demographic characteristics, was used to determine associations between predictor and outcome variables.

Results

Mean SNOT‐22 score was 33.8 (SD, 23.2), and mean EQ‐5D VAS score was 74.2 (SD, 18.9). On multivariable analysis, presenting SNOT‐22 and EQ‐5D VAS scores were not associated with nonwhite patient race/ethnicity (P =. 634 and P =. 866), education (P =. 106 and P =. 586), or the percentage of households in zip code with incomes <$50,000 per year (P =. 917 and P =. 979, respectively). SNOT‐22 scores did not differ by insurance type, but patients receiving Medicare reported worse general health status. Use of oral antibiotics or oral steroids for CRS was not associated with predictor variables.

Conclusion

Patients with CRS presented to a tertiary rhinology center with similar metrics for CRS severity and pre‐presentation medical management regardless of race/ethnicity, education status, or zip code income level. Patients with Medicare had worse general health status. Further research should investigate potential disparities in diagnosis of CRS, specialist referral, and treatment outcomes.
Lepsius Tombs in the Giza Necropolis Rediscovered: Preliminary Report on the Russian Archaeological Mission at Giza Excavations 2006–2008*
Authors: Kormysheva Eleonora , Malykh Svetlana
Published: December 2017

Preliminary results are presented of the excavations of the Russian Archaeological Mission at Giza in 2006–2008. The objective of the mission's work was the Fifth Dynasty rock-cut tombs on the eastern edge of the Eastern Necropolis. Several tombs were noted by Lepsius and Mariette, but they have never been the subject of a full report. The iconographic, epigraphic, and pottery materials from Tombs 12 (=LG 77) and 15 (=LG 76), as well as one further tomb newly discovered in this area (Tomb 11), are presented and analysed. The preliminary dating of the tombs in this area is to the end of the Fifth Dynasty.
The Leading Theban Priests of Amun and their Families under Libyan Rule*
Authors: Broekman Gerard P. F.
Published: December 2017

The chronology of the Second, Third, and Fourth Prophets of Amun during the Twenty-second and Twenty-third Dynasties is assessed, and the relationship between their families and the royal house, as well as their mutual inter-relationships, are investigated. The influence of political circumstances, and of the relationships between office holders and the king, on career development is also evaluated, with specific biographical information from the texts on funerary statues being discussed.
Condition(AL)S of Repayment: P. CLT 10 Reconsidered*
Authors: Cromwell Jennifer , Grossman Eitan
Published: December 2017

This article is a re-edition of P. CLT 10, which was originally published with minimal commentary, no image, and a number of transcription errors. Subsequent published translations improved understanding of the text, but were not made in consultation with the original manuscript. The re-edition of the text, with the first published image of this document, is accompanied by a linguistic analysis. This highlights a number of grammatical features characteristic of Theban legal documents such as the performative EICΩTM and the negative protatic EqTMCΩTM. Addressing them explicitly paves the way for a better understanding of such texts, which are often difficult to interpret.
An Old Kingdom Mastaba and the Results of Continued Investigations at Quesna in 2010
Authors: Rowland Joanne
Published: December 2017

In spring 2010 a surprising find was made at Quesna during investigations to the north of the sacred falcon necropolis. A mud-brick structure was uncovered which yielded ceramic finds dating to the late third to early fourth dynasties, a structure which transpired to be a mastaba tomb following investigations during the summer season 2010. Previous evidence at the site had not pre-dated the Late Period. Work in the northwestern corner of the entrance structure belonging to the sacred falcon necropolis itself continued in spring 2010, and two trenches were opened in the south of the site, in close proximity to the modern SCA buildings. Spring 2011 saw the continuation of the ground survey, drill coring at the sites of Kom Usim, el-Rimaly/Umm Harb and Sobek el-Dahak, with field walking and observation of surface ceramics during summer 2011. A prehistoric survey took place in the region of el-Khatatbah in September 2011 and geophysical prospection continued on the northern edge of the site at Quesna, using ground penetrating radar, in August 2011.
The NMḤ and the Paradox of the Voiceless in the Eloquent Peasant
Authors: David Arlette
Published: December 2017

The evolution of the lexeme nmḥ, ‘orphan’, ‘person of inferior status’, and its classification in texts up to the New Kingdom, is examined. The classifier, and the category it represents, is discussed. A literary example of a typical nmḥ avant la lettre is offered.
Un Bas-Relief De L'Université De Strasbourg Appartenant À Une Scène De Massacre Des Ennemis (Ies 2472 A)*
Authors: Martzolff Laetitia
Published: December 2017

The Egyptological Institute of Strasbourg (Université de Strasbourg) possesses a relief fragment (IES 2472 A) representing the slaughter of prisoners. Further information on the origin of this piece, which was part of an anonymous gift, is not available. The organisation of the captives group has parallels in scenes of the Late and Graeco-Roman periods. The sculptural style is original, and while the pattern is typically Egyptian, the rendering of the captives' faces is not. Some identical facial features occur in foreign sculpture (Persian and Meroitic) but no certain identification can be made. It is possible that the artist was not an Egyptian.
Jbh3.t in the autobiographical inscription of Weni: developments since 1994*
Authors: Wissa Myriam
Published: December 2017

Weni's inscription is vague on the location of jbh3.t. This paper, building on the author's 1994 petrographic analysis, synthesises textual and archaeological evidence, and reconfirms Ibhat's location in the Wadi Hammamat, focusing on a specific quarry area within that wadi.
The heart scarab of King Shoshenq III (Brooklyn Museum 61.10)*
Authors: Sagrillo Troy Leiland
Published: December 2017

Publication of the heart scarab of King Shoshenq III, now in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum (inv. 61.10). Although its original context is unknown, the scarab was almost certainly robbed from the king's tomb at Tanis (NRT 5), perhaps during World War II when archaeological work at the site was suspended. Another heart scarab from NTR 5, that of Shoshenq IV and likewise stolen before it could be formally published by Pierre Montet, is also discussed.
Provider Practices of Phenobarbital Discontinuation in Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Natarajan Niranjana , Beatty Christopher W. , Gust Juliane , Hamiwka Lorie
Published: December 2017

Neonatal seizures are treated with phenobarbital and prolonged treatment does not prevent postneonatal epilepsy. The authors documented factors influencing phenobarbital use and determined whether published data changed practice. A total of 83 neonates with symptomatic seizures, clinical or electrographic, were evaluated for treatment, incidence of postneonatal epilepsy, and associated factors. Median phenobarbital treatment was 81 days. Nineteen children (23%) developed postneonatal epilepsy. Longer duration of seizures and an infectious etiology were associated with postneonatal epilepsy suggesting no impact on duration of phenobarbital treatment. Treatment duration was associated with duration of seizures and use of a second antiseizure medication. This study supports early discontinuation of phenobarbital and suggests providers utilize factors such as use of a second antiseizure medication and time to seizure control to determine phenobarbital duration, despite prior studies suggesting no impact of treatment length.
Keeping Pets Safe in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Stevenson Rochelle , Fitzgerald Amy , Barrett Betty Jo
Published: December 2017

The connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) and abuse against animals is becoming well-documented. Women consistently report that their pets have been threatened or harmed by their abuser, and many women delay leaving abusive relationships out of concern for their pets. Shelters are often faced with limited resources, and it can be difficult to see how their mandate to assist women fleeing IPV also includes assistance to their companion animals. Through surveys with staff from 17 IPV shelters in Canada, the current study captures a snapshot of the shelter policies and practices regarding companion animals. The study explores staff’s own relationships with pets and exposure to animal abuse, as well as how these experiences relate to support for pet safekeeping programs, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits for the programs. Policy implications for IPV service agencies include asking clients about concerns about pet safety, clear communication of agency policies regarding services available for pet safekeeping, and starting a conversation at the agency level on how to establish a pet safekeeping program in order to better meet the needs of women seeking refuge from IPV.
For Whom Does Hate Crime Hurt More? A Comparison of Consequences of Victimization Across Motives and Crime Types
Authors: Mellgren Caroline , Andersson Mika , Ivert Anna-Karin
Published: December 2017

Hate crimes have been found to have more severe consequences than other parallel crimes that were not motivated by the offenders’ hostility toward someone because of their real or perceived difference. Many countries today have hate crime laws that make it possible to increase the penalties for such crimes. The main critique against hate crime laws is that they punish thoughts. Instead, proponents of hate crime laws argue that sentence enhancement is justified because hate crimes cause greater harm. This study compares consequences of victimization across groups of victims to test for whom hate crimes hurt more. We analyzed data that were collected through questionnaires distributed to almost 3,000 students at Malmö University, Sweden, during 2013. The survey focused on students’ exposure to, and experiences of, hate crime. A series of separate logistic regression analyses were performed, which analyzed the likelihood for reporting consequences following a crime depending on crime type, perceived motive, repeat victimization, gender, and age. Analyzed as one victim group, victims of hate crime more often reported any of the consequences following a crime compared with victims of parallel non–hate-motivated crimes. And, overall victims of threat more often reported consequences compared with victims of sexual harassment and minor assault. However, all hate crime victim groups did not report more consequences than the non–hate crime victim group. The results provide grounds for questioning that hate crimes hurt the individual victim more. It seems that hate crimes do not hurt all more but hate crimes hurt some victims of some crimes more in some ways.
Effect of reactive and non-reactive diluents on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Sinha Animesh , Islam Khan Nazrul , Das Subhankar , Zhang Jiawei , Halder Sudipta
Published: December 2017

The effect of reactive (polyethylene glycol) and non-reactive (toluene) diluents on thermal and mechanical properties (tensile strength, hardness and fracture toughness) of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (cured by triethylenetetramine) was investigated. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin modified with reactive and non-reactive diluents at different wt% were investigated using thermo-gravimetric analyser, tensile test, hardness test and single-edge-notched bend test. A minor variation in thermal stability was observed for epoxy resin after addition of polyethylene glycol and toluene at 0.5 wt%; however, further addition of reactive and non-reactive diluents diminished the thermal stability. The addition of 10 wt% of polyethylene glycol in epoxy resin significantly enhances the tensile strength (∼12%), hardness (∼14%) and fracture toughness (∼24%) when compared to that of neat epoxy resin. In contrast, major drop in mechanical performance was observed after addition of toluene in epoxy. Furthermore, fracture surfaces were investigated under field emission scanning electron microscope to elucidate the failure mechanism.
A North American perspective of content and quality of websites in the English language on childhood-onset lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cutler C , Peng T , Stinson J , Tucker L , Boneparth A , Klein Gitelman M , Moorthy L Nandini
Published: December 2017

Objective

The objective of this article is to examine the quality, content, and readability of information and resources in the English language and accessible on the internet by pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their families in North America.

Methods

Keywords relevant to SLE were generated by an undergraduate student, a first-year medical student, and a third-year pediatric resident, and a search was conducted across five commonly used search engines. Quality of information found was evaluated independently by an undergraduate student, a graduate student, a first-year medical student, and a third-year pediatric resident using the DISCERN tool. Two pediatric rheumatologists assessed website accuracy and completeness. Readability of websites was determined using the Flesch-Kincaid grade level and Reading Ease score.

Results

Out of 2000 websites generated in the search, only 34 unique websites met inclusion criteria. Only 16 of these websites had DISCERN scores above 50% (fair quality). Overall quality of website information was fair with mean ±standard deviation (SD) DISCERN quality score of 44 ± 7 (range: 30–56). Only nine websites of 34 had DISCERN scores above 50 (>66%, indicating greater quality) and were further assessed for completeness. Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 11 ± 1 (mean±SD) and reading ease score was 39 ± 10 (mean±SD, range of 11–61).

Conclusion

Our study highlights the need for more complete, readable information regarding the unique needs of pediatric patients with childhood-onset SLE and their families.
Decision making and uncertainty quantification for individualized treatments using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees
Authors: Logan Brent R , Sparapani Rodney , McCulloch Robert E , Laud Purushottam W
Published: December 2017

Individualized treatment rules can improve health outcomes by recognizing that patients may respond differently to treatment and assigning therapy with the most desirable predicted outcome for each individual. Flexible and efficient prediction models are desired as a basis for such individualized treatment rules to handle potentially complex interactions between patient factors and treatment. Modern Bayesian semiparametric and nonparametric regression models provide an attractive avenue in this regard as these allow natural posterior uncertainty quantification of patient specific treatment decisions as well as the population wide value of the prediction-based individualized treatment rule. In addition, via the use of such models, inference is also available for the value of the optimal individualized treatment rules. We propose such an approach and implement it using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees as this model has been shown to perform well in fitting nonparametric regression functions to continuous and binary responses, even with many covariates. It is also computationally efficient for use in practice. With Bayesian Additive Regression Trees, we investigate a treatment strategy which utilizes individualized predictions of patient outcomes from Bayesian Additive Regression Trees models. Posterior distributions of patient outcomes under each treatment are used to assign the treatment that maximizes the expected posterior utility. We also describe how to approximate such a treatment policy with a clinically interpretable individualized treatment rule, and quantify its expected outcome. The proposed method performs very well in extensive simulation studies in comparison with several existing methods. We illustrate the usage of the proposed method to identify an individualized choice of conditioning regimen for patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation and quantify the value of this method of choice in relation to the optimal individualized treatment rule as well as non-individualized treatment strategies.
Cognitive Abilities Explain Wording Effects in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Schroeders Ulrich
Published: December 2017

There is consensus that the 10 items of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) reflect wording effects resulting from positively and negatively keyed items. The present study examined the effects of cognitive abilities on the factor structure of the RSES with a novel, nonparametric latent variable technique called local structural equation models. In a nationally representative German large-scale assessment including 12,437 students competing measurement models for the RSES were compared: a bifactor model with a common factor and a specific factor for all negatively worded items had an optimal fit. Local structural equation models showed that the unidimensionality of the scale increased with higher levels of reading competence and reasoning, while the proportion of variance attributed to the negatively keyed items declined. Wording effects on the factor structure of the RSES seem to represent a response style artifact associated with cognitive abilities.
Does Race Affect Outcomes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer?
Authors: Sachdev Jasgit C. , Ahmed Saira , Mirza Muhammad M. , Farooq Aamer , Kronish Lori , Jahanzeb Mohammad
Published: December 2017

Background

There is discordance among studies assessing the impact of race on outcome of patients with Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). We assessed survival outcomes for African American (AA) versus Caucasian (CA) women with TNBC treated at an urban cancer center in Memphis, TN with a predominant AA patient population.

Methods

Patients with Stage I-III TNBC were identified from our breast database. Event free survival (EFS) and Breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) were the primary outcome measures. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted for EFS and BCSS.

Results

Of the 124 patients, 71% were AA. No significant association between race and stage ( P = 0.21) or menopausal status ( P = 0.15) was observed. Median age at diagnosis was significantly lower for AA versus CA women (49.5 vs. 55 years, P = 0.024). 92% of the patients received standard neo/adjuvant chemotherapy, with no significant difference in duration and type of chemotherapy between the races. With a median follow up of 23 months, 28% of AA vs. 19% of CA women had an event ( P = 0.37). 3 year EFS and BCSS trended favorably towards CA race (77% vs. 64%, log rank P = 0.20 and 92% vs. 76%, P = 0.13 respectively) with a similar trend noted on multiple variable modeling (EFS: HR 0.62, P = 0.29; BCSS: HR 0.36, P = 0.18). AA women ≥50 years at diagnosis had a significantly worse BCSS than the CA women in that age group ( P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Older AA women with TNBC have a significantly worse breast cancer specific survival than their CA counterparts. Overall, there is a trend towards lower survival for AA women compared to Caucasians despite uniformity of tumor phenotype and treatment. The high early event rate, irrespective of race, underscores the need for effective therapies for women with TNBC.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2: A Promising Biomarker for Anxiety and Trauma Disorders
Authors: Graham Bronwyn M
Published: December 2017

Anxiety and trauma disorders are a significant source of global burden. Although it is clear that there is great heterogeneity in humans’ response to trauma and stress, most research on fear and anxiety has focused on the “average” animal. Increased understanding of the sources of individual differences in fear reactions may lead to more refined means of predicting who is at risk for the development of anxiety disorders so that early preventative interventions can be implemented. This commentary highlights recent cross-species work (in rats and humans) indicating that the neurotrophin fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) holds promise as a potential biomarker for anxiety disorder vulnerability. Both central (hippocampal) and peripheral (serum and saliva) markers of FGF2 correlate negatively with fear expression after an aversive conditioning experience. Here, 2 broad accounts of the potential mechanism of vulnerability captured by measures of FGF2 are outlined. In particular, it is suggested that basal differences in FGF2 (across different tissue types) may provide a general index of one’s regenerative capacity; alternatively, differences in FGF2 reactivity (in specific tissue types) may be indicative of one’s coping capacity in response to stress.
Fair data for next-generation management of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Peeters Liesbet M
Published: December 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system with symptoms depending on the disease type and the site of lesions and is featured by heterogeneity of clinical expressions and responses to treatment strategies. An individualized clinical follow-up and multidisciplinary treatment is required. Transforming the population-based management of today into an individualized, personalized and precision-level management is a major goal in research. Indeed, a complex and unique interplay between genetic background and environmental exposure in each case likely determines clinical heterogeneity. To reach insights at the individual level, extensive amount of data are required. Many databases have been developed over the last few decades, but access to them is limited, and data are acquired in different ways and differences in definitions and indexing and software platforms preclude direct integration. Most existing (inter)national registers and IT platforms are strictly observational or focus on disease epidemiology or access to new disease modifying drugs. Here, a method to revolutionize management of MS to a personalized, individualized and precision level is outlined. The key to achieve this next level is FAIR data.
Mediating the presence of others: Reconceptualising co-presence as mediated intimacy
Authors: Cefai Sarah , Couldry Nick
Published: December 2017

Drawing insight from queer and media studies, this article analyses data from the UK study Adults’ Media Lives. The authors claim that this study reveals the significance of people’s intimate relationships to their media practices, highlighting in particular how people’s media practices mediate the ‘presence’ of others. The authors put forward the concept of mediated intimacy to capture both the cultural intimacy people have with media and the mediation of intimacy by media practices. Mediating intimacy has implications for normative conceptions of intimate life, including the significance of ‘time’ to the values of ‘home’ and ‘work’.
Children and Minecraft: A survey of children’s digital play
Authors: Mavoa Jane , Carter Marcus , Gibbs Martin
Published: December 2017

Digital games such as Minecraft currently hold a position of significance in the media diets of many children. However, little is known explicitly about just who plays, with whom and how. This article presents the quantitative results of a survey of 753 parents of children aged 3–12 years about their child’s engagement with Minecraft. Our results establish Minecraft as the dominant digital game title played by this age group, particularly on tablet devices. We provide evidence of a marked early gendering of children’s Minecraft play and engagement with meta-game material. This research gives particular impetus to efforts aimed at ensuring gender equity in digital game–related cultural spaces inhabited by children. It also highlights the importance of collecting game-specific descriptive information, rather than limiting studies to aggregate measures of ‘screen time’.
Joint attention in infant-toddler early childhood programs: Its dynamics and potential for collaborative learning
Authors: Degotardi Sheila
Published: December 2017

This article examines how joint attention episodes constitute a core feature of relational pedagogy for infants and toddlers. It draws on social interactionist approaches to language and cognitive development to propose that joint attention may afford significant current and future potential for young children’s learning. However, most joint attention research has taken place within experimental settings, so current definitions of joint attention do not take into account the dynamic group-based nature of the infant-toddler room. In this article, the author presents findings from a study of the language environment of infant-toddler rooms to examine the characteristics of joint attention episodes as they naturally occurred in infant-toddler programs. The author illustrates how qualitatively different episodes of educator–infant joint attention support both language and cognitive development. In doing so, she proposes a theoretical model to represent the learning potential of these shared experiences with the aim of enhancing current understandings of what it means to learn collaboratively in infant-toddler group settings.
A higher degree of resilience: Using psychometric testing to reveal the benefits of university internship placements
Authors: Goodenough Anne E , Roberts Hazel , Biggs David M , Derounian James G , Hart Adam G , Lynch Kenny
Published: December 2017

Resilience is a multifaceted concept but, in the context of learning, it can best be thought of as an individual’s capacity to create and maximise opportunities as well as responding positively to setbacks and challenges. Developing students’ resilience is becoming increasingly important. Research has shown resilience links to attainment, retention, engagement and employability. However, very little work has examined what aspects of curricula enhance resilience and the particular role of active learning frameworks in achieving this. In this study, we analyse the effects of optional real-world internship placements on eight measures of resilience. Psychometric testing was conducted twice per student – at the start of their second academic year and again at the end. Students choosing an internship had significantly higher challenge orientation and adaptability scores than other students in the same cohort. Adaptability of both interns and non-interns improved over the academic year, but improvement was significantly higher for interns. Scores for optimism, purposeful direction and ingenuity significantly increased between start-of-year and end-of-year tests for interns versus a decline for non-interns. We conclude that facilitating student engagement with real-world issues and challenges through supported internships within an active learning framework is an important mechanism for increasing students’ resilience.
At the intersection of culture: Ethnically diverse dementia caregivers’ service use
Authors: Richardson Virginia E , Fields Noelle , Won Seojin , Bradley Evie , Gibson Allison , Rivera Gretchen , Holmes Sarah D
Published: December 2017

This study used an ethnocultural approach to explore how cultural factors influenced ethnically diverse dementia caregivers’ experiences and use of services. A modified thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 15 caregivers, ranging in age from 50 to 75 years, including spouses, daughters, sons, cousins, and a friend, from three minority groups—African American, Hispanic, and South Korean caregivers—was conducted by a team of multi-lingual researchers. Caregiver stress was pervasive across all subgroups. Several themes emerged that were qualitatively different across groups, including knowledge about dementia, language barriers, religion and spirituality, and cultural differences in attitudes about caring and formal services. A two-pronged intervention model that includes a generic intervention to reduce caregiver stress along with a culturally targeted intervention tailored to a family’s language, food preferences, religious practices, gender norms, and other values was recommended to more successfully reach and support these caregivers.
Melancholy in Nordic noir
Authors: Waade Anne Marit
Published: December 2017

Nordic noir on screen is characterised by a certain melancholy displayed in the plot, the imagery and the characters. These elements also characterise Scandinavian crime fiction, for example, the troubled protagonists and the cold climate. Nordic noir has attracted considerable interest among audiences and academics. However, none of the academic contributions reflect the connection to the historical Nordic melancholy. In this article, I relate Nordic noir to Nordic melancholy in art, philosophy and culture in which melancholy as a romantic ideal was embedded in a particular landscape and climate aesthetic, and, herby contribute to the study of emotions in television drama.
Danish television drama series
Authors: Degn Hans-Peter , Krogager Stinne Gunder Strøm
Published: December 2017

In recent years, Danish television drama series have become an internationally acclaimed export success. This article analyses the development on the domestic market lying behind this international recognition. A change in production dogmas has formed the characteristics of these successful Danish drama series, and over the last 20 years, state-owned public service provider DR has successfully developed a Sunday evening slot, within which their television drama series attract ‘the entire nation’. This success has also inspired other Danish broadcasters/production companies. We investigate the characteristics of these productions and the development of their audience profiles across age, gender and educational level.
Managing Partnerships in Community-Based Research
Authors: Lawson Matthew P.
Published: December 2017

Community-based research (CBR) combines service-learning with participatory or applied research and can be a powerful teaching tool in social science methods classes. Incorporating applied research projects into classroom teaching, however, places special demands on instructors. This paper presents one approach to CBR as a pedagogical technique and offers practical suggestions to those who consider adopting it. As research, pedagogy-based CBR demands all the creativity and skill of normal academic research, though the process may be faster-paced. The special skills considered here involve brokering resources among a complex network of partners that includes both students and community organizations.
African-American Student Perceptions of Predominately White Campuses: The Importance of Institutional Characteristics Relating to Racial Climate
Authors: King Brenda T. , Ford Thomas E.
Published: December 2017

The Campus Climate Survey was developed to identify the institutional characteristics of predominately white colleges or universities (PWCUs) that African-American students perceive as important predictors of the quality of the campus environment. We examined whether African-American and White students differentially consider institutional characteristics relating to racial climate to evaluate the campus environment. The survey was administered to 131 African-American and 247 White high school seniors and college students. Results suggest that African-Americans were especially attuned to racial climate characteristics. Furthermore, these racial climate characteristics are uniquely important for African-American students: they mattered to them but not to Whites. Indeed, the general institutional characteristics (non-racial climate related) were more important for determining social comfort for White students.
Through the Looking Glass: An Identity Crisis in Sociology?
Authors: Hauser William J. , Feltey Kathryn , Glass John E. , Scarisbrick-Hauser AnneMarie , Stolley Kathy , Steele Stephen F.
Published: December 2017

As the discipline of American sociology enters its second century, the debate over its goals and purpose still remains. This philosophical debate can no longer continue if sociology expects to survive and thrive as a discipline in the twenty-first century. How will the discipline be judged by a society in need of solutions to problems? Does the discipline have an identity crisis or is it in urgent need of defining and setting its direction for the future? The following symposium discusses what twenty-first century sociology might look like and then links it back to the founding principles. It then discusses whether an identity crisis exists and how sociology can better be defined within and outside the discipline.
Fordist Applied Research in the Era of the Five-Dollar Day
Authors: Loizides Georgios Paris , Sonnad Subhash R.
Published: December 2017

This article provides a description of the early attempts at applied social research and research driven policies and procedures used in the assessment of the employees and the consequent rewards and punishments meted out by the Ford Motor Company during the late Progressive Era. An additional aim of this paper is to show the relevance and significance of these attempts and to examine the extent to which early Ford research can inform our applied research today. In particular, this study examines the early data collection efforts by investigators of the Ford Motor Company Sociological Department. These took place in the early part of 1914 and aimed at gathering information concerning workers' habits, family situations, financial states, home conditions, and social and economic behavior. These investigations were thorough and exhaustive. The outcome of Ford's research resulted in the classification of all company workers into four main categories used to decide who would or would not qualify for the Ford profit sharing plan. An equally important part of the mission of Ford's investigators was to guide the workers to modify their behavior to secure the profit sharing portion of the salary. This was an example of the paternal capitalistic ideology that characterized Ford Motor Company labor relations during this period. We conclude that the company emerges as one of the pioneers in the collection and utilization of applied research data, for the benefit of the company and betterment of the workers.
Faces of Hate
Authors: Borgeson Kevin , Valeri Robin
Published: December 2017

Anti-Semitic hate groups using the Internet have grown dramatically since the mid-1990s. During that time they have developed three main approaches in getting out their message, “in your face,” “false information”, and “soft sell. This study explores which of the three approaches is most easily detected by individuals, who use the web on a regular basis.
Triangulated Research Designs — A Justification?
Authors: Rhineberger Gayle M. , Hartmann David J. , Van Valey Thomas L.
Published: December 2017

The use of triangulated research designs is becoming increasingly popular, particularly in applied sociology and evaluation research. There is a substantial amount of literature on triangulated research methods, particularly in the fields of social research methods and nursing. This paper examines the uses of the concept of triangulation in applied sociological research. It does so first by reviewing uses of the term in various applied contexts. We then turn to whether and how the information derived from multiple methods is actually integrated by the applied researcher. Finally, we discuss the importance of triangulation for the quality of work in the field of applied sociology.
Analysis of Caregiver Burden in South Asian Families in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area: Insights for Social Practice
Authors: Gupta Rashmi , Pillai Vijayan K.
Published: December 2017

This study examines the factors that influence elder caregiver burden in South Asian families in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. A sample survey of 118 households with an elderly person receiving care was conducted. Data were gathered from primary caregivers via an interview survey. The results suggest that role demand is a significant factor in understanding the phenomenon of caregiver burden in multigenerational South Asian households. As role demand increases, the amount of caregiver burden increases. However, factors such as Asian cultural norms and size of support network tend to reduce the level of role demand Implications for social service programs and policy are discussed.
The Marginalization of Application in U.S. Sociology
Authors: Weinstein Jay
Published: December 2017

The discipline's gatekeepers of the World War I era systematically—and largely correctly—associated applied sociology with the work of African American and female professionals (such as W.E.B. DuBois and Jane Addams). In the largely sexist and racist ethos that characterized the era, they were thus able to relegate application to the second class status that it maintains to this day.
Environmental Risk Perceptions and the White Male Effect: Pollution Concerns among Deep-South Coastal Residents
Authors: Marshall Brent K. , Picou J. Steven , Formichella Cecilia , Nicholls Keith
Published: December 2017

Recent research in the United States reveals that although men are more accepting of risk than women, and Whites more accepting of risks than non-whites, more notable patterns lie at the intersection of race and gender. Evidence of the white male effect has been found in both national and local samples. The present study examines the environmental risk perceptions of deep-South coastal residents in counties adjacent to Mobile Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. These areas are characterized by heavy industrial pollution and significant airborne mercury fallout, resulting in numerous health advisories regarding fish consumption. The analysis supports a growing body of literature that finds, compared to other race-gender groups, white males are more accepting of environmental risks, especially those risks posing a threat to human health and safety. The significance of the white male effect for policy and future applied risk research are discussed, and suggestions for future research are presented.