bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DELAY MODELING OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Authors: Lunyk T. , Cherevko I.
Published: December 2021

Systems of diﬀerential-diﬀerence equations are mathematical models of many applied problems of biology, ecology, medicine, economics. The variety of mathematical models of real dynamic processes is due to the fact that their evolution does not occur instantaneously, but with some delays that have diﬀerent biological interpretations. The introduction of delay allows you to build adequate mathematical models and describe new eﬀects and phenomena in physics, ecology, immunology and other sciences.
The exact solution of diﬀerential-diﬀerence equations can be found only in the simplest cases, so algorithms for ﬁnding approximate solutions of such equations are important. In this paper, a family of diﬀerence schemes is constructed for the approximate ﬁnding of solutions to initial problems with delay. Special cases are generalized Euler diﬀerence schemes. The conditions for the convergence of the generalized explicit Euler diﬀerence scheme are established.
To automate the numerical simulation of systems with delays, an application program has been developed, which is used to approximate the solutions of SIR models with two delays.
Canvas Embroidery: Lesya Ukrainka’s Versification Skillfulness in the Poems of the Cycle “Rhythms”
Authors: Bunchuk Borys
Published: December 2021

The article under studies deals with the form of Lesya Ukrainka’s poetic works that comprised the verse cycle “Rhythms”. The meaningful unity of the cycle proems has been emphasized by a specifically defined syllable-tonic meter – pentameter iamb, which, however, does not cause the feeling of monotony of the verse form. The purpose of the article is to determine the means, used by the poetess, in order to diversify the structure. The structure of each verse of the cycle is considered separately. The curriculum verse-dialogue “De podilysia vy, holosniyi slova…”, which opens the cycle and develops the theme in the following poems, is extensively analyzed and statistically examined in the aspect of conveying emotions through the verse rhythm. It has been ascertained that the final verses of the cycle (seventh and eighth) differ in the type of the rhythm (“alternated” – “transitive”), the nature of the caesura, the hierarchy of the forms used, the presence or absence of the lines with a different meter, the number of enjambments, and the strophic structure. Thus, despite the fact that the six poems and the second parts of the two polymetric constructions of the cycle “Rhythm” have been written in pentameter iamb, they are far from being similar. Most often, the distinction is in terms of rhythm and syntax. Among the rhythmic means, there prevail the type of the caesura and the forms of the rhythm; then – the percentage of the lines with a different meter, the verses with out-of-scheme stresses and the type of the rhythm; next – the percentage of the stressed feet and the verses with masculine endings. The syntactic means are represented, above all, through enjambments and “sentences-stanzas”, more rarely – through the division into “periods” and anaphors.
Poetizing Everyday Life in the Works by Wilhelm Genazino
Authors: Macenka Svitlana
Published: December 2021

Increased interest in everyday life and routine explains a new and relevant perception of the creative agenda of contemporary German writer Wilhelm Genazino (1943-2018), known as “poetizing everyday life”. The article, thus, aims to offer a comprehensive view into the poetics of the German novelist to identify ways in which everyday life is poetized, which is an example of linguistic mastery, narrative skill, and philosophical generalization. A close reading method is used to analyze specific scenes from the novels (An Umbrella for One Day, Happiness in Unhappy Times, The Foolishness of Love, If We Were Animals), in which the characters actively practice the “extended gaze”, theoretically validated in W. Genazino’s essay, to reveal a system of special ties important to their inner world behind the routine situations and worn clothes. The writer believes that in such a way, characters experience an epiphany, which provokes further musing about art and the mystery of everyday life. In this connection, it is established that Genazino’s characters manage to avoid the negative influences of society by distancing from it via self-invented aesthetic processes. They are constantly searching for individual vision. It is also noted that the writer focuses on prolonged disappearance scenes, works with time accumulated in objects, and projects distancing from one’s own self to clothes. The extended gaze which the protagonists use to watch their own portrayals helps them overcome identity crisis and generate art, which promises salvation, through simple observance. It is concluded that W. Genazino talks about the aesthetic link between the subject and object perceived as individual “cultural significance”. It enables the protagonists to discard the routine and enter a space outside the limits they have themselves created. Everyday objects and familiar situations have the capacity to stimulate memories and boost creative perception. Their fleeting nature provides for compensatory narration, which means dropping the inessential and petty and is, consequently, perceived as a productive narration. Everyday reality emerges as something that may be perceived as visible existence, which upon some consideration may reveal unique dimensions and gain particular significance based on intermediary space between what is perceived by the eye and the invisible, actualized by the inner vision. Such reflexive vision transcends the limits of things, transforming them and constituting new reality. Such is the underlying principle that the writer used to recreate everyday life in his works.
“The End of Human Exceptionality”: The Shift of the Anthropological Dominant in Science Fiction
Authors: Paranyuk Dan
Published: December 2021

Based on the methodological proposals of literary anthropology, in particular on the conceptual ideas of C. Levi-Strauss (structural anthropology), J. Ortega y Gasset (“dehumanization of arts”), J.-M. Schaeffer (“the end of human exceptionality”), M. Foucault (the fall of a human being from the humanistic pedestal of culture), the article under studies emphasizes the violation of the anthropological dominant in science fiction, which is very typical of the fantasy genre. Consequently, there arise new principles of constructing personosphere of a literary text. On the example of the novel “City” (1953) by an American science fiction writer Clifford Simak, the article traces the way a human being shifts from the center of personosphere to the “outskirts” of narration, whereas its image acquires fictional parameters. This all happens due to the phenomenon of “anthropocene” (the term by G. Canavan), which implies the harmful consequences of the human reigning over the nature. In addition, the author of the article introduces the notion of “phantasoid’ – a character of the fictional world of fantasy (outlined by the narrator) that functions exceptionally in the imagination of a certain fantastic character and is somehow related to his previous experience. The novel by C. Simak outlines a gradual shift of the anthropological vector: the heterogeneous image of a human turns into a counter-image, whereby particular significance is attached to the change in the attitude towards mankind. In the text, human culture is perceived as something alien, while Simak’s image of a human being ruins the so called imagological stereotype, along with the reader’s receptive expectations. The role of the attractor in the novel is assigned to “antromorphized” and “humanized” creatures (plants, animals, objects, robots, mutants), which indicates the drastic breach with the previous genre tradition, as well as higlights a peculiar polemic connection with classical literary science fiction. This all proves the metamorphic nature of science fiction and its transition into the hyperreal dimensions of fantasy, where different artificial forms of life and mentality can peacefully coexist with each other.
Creativity оf Advertising Aesthetics in Generating New Fiction Texts
Authors: Sazhyna Alla
Published: December 2021

The article under studies deals with the creative possibilities of an advertising text within modern arts. It is generally recognized that the main purpose of advertising is to turn a recipient into a consumer. The advertisers achieve this goal through implementing the four consecutive stages of affecting the receptive consciousness: drawing attention, arousing interest, stimulating desire and encouraging action, which requires a perfect form of presentation. For successful achievement of the above results, the advertisers use rational, emotional, logical, psychological and aesthetic means of persuasion all together. Consequently, advertisement, as a peculiar synthetic type of “aestheticized pragmatics”, does not reject the aesthetic constituent. In the course of perceiving an advertising text, there might occur certain teleological deviations: when the aesthetic component of advertising comes out in the receptive consciousness in the first place, the advertising text can acquire new semantic parameters and be transformed into a qualitatively different text. In this way, most advertising slogans are usually considered. Being separated from the original text, they turn into independent messages (such as proverbs, sayings, phraseologisms) and enter the flow of the contemporary communicative space of speech. Other phenomena, generated by the aesthetics of an advertising text, are numerous anecdotes and comedic sketches, which parody plot structures, themes, images and specifics of the speech of advertising texts, as well as act as autonomous genres. The article under discussion regards the generation of a new text as a free game within aesthetic communication, whereby the author (the advertiser) and the recipient (the consumer) become equally successful partners. In addition, the article contains the analysis of certain samples, in which the aesthetics of an advertising text annihilates its immanent utilitarian form and creates an independent fiction text. Thus, the aesthetic component of an advertising text turns into a particular creative motive, a driving force in generating new literary texts.
Being a Literary Critic: The Methodology of Specialist’s Life in the Profession (based on B. F. Egorov’s epistolary oeuvre)
Authors: Kozlyk Ihor
Published: December 2021

The article, which is historical and scientific by character, presents the current humanitarian issues of professional epistolary communication of an outstanding Russian literary critic, Doctor of Philology, Professor B. F. Egorov (1926–2020) with fellow literary critics. The main directions of scientist’s active and versatile practices are considered on the grounds of his published letters and some letters to him in 1998–2020. The article focuses on professional communication and interaction between Ukrainian and Russian literary critics in the complex modern socio-historical and political conditions of interstate relations. The letters are published for the first time and are accompanied by the necessary historical and cultural comments and bibliographic notes. The material contained in them is important not only for the history of Russian and East Slavic literary criticism of the 20th century, but also it is relevant in terms of the prospects of academic studies of literature and the development of productive communication between scholars studying fiction in order to perform the main cultural function of literary studies.
Analisis Filosofis terhadap Fatwa DSN MUI No. 106 Tahun 2016 tentang Wakaf Manfaat Asuransi dan Manfaat Investasi pada Asuransi Jiwa Syari’ah
Authors: Sriani Endang
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the essence, substance and benefits of the DSN-MUI fatwa no.  106 of  2016 concerning waqf insurance benefits and investment benefits in Sharia Life insurance.  This is a library research with primary law, DSN-MUI fatwa no. 106 of  2016. A philosophical approach was chosen in this study to describe the ontology, epistemology and axiology aspects of the fatwa.  The results of this study indicate that the essence of the fatwa is to accommodate legal needs in the synergy of waqf and sharia insurance in order to maximize the benefits of waqf and sharia insurance for the wider community.
‘Urf sebagai Metode Penentuan Hukum dalam Bisnis Syari’ah
Authors: Nugraha Ahmad Lukman , Syafe’i Rachmat , Januri Moh. Fauzan
Published: December 2021

Abstract This paper aims to define 'urf and its foundations in the Qur'an and Hadith as well as the implementation of the 'urf method in islamic business. The research method used in this paper is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. The findings in this paper are that the Qur'an and hadith underlie the use of 'urf as a islamic business solution which certainly does not conflict with existing texts. 'Urf is often applied in sharia business through aspects of business transactions, profit taking from sellers of goods and services, and determination of wages. 'Urf can be applied in sharia business with several conditions, namely; 1) The business tradition does not conflict with the texts, (2) the business tradition is long-term, (3) the business tradition is known to the general public, (4) the business tradition is innovative according to space and time.
Implementasi Pembelajaran blended learning di MI
Authors: Maskur MASKUR Maskur , Anwar Muhammad Khoirul , Trianah Trianah Trianah
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic is the reason for these two semesters of online learning. Because the progression of cases is slowing, schools have more leeway to hold Limited Face-to-Face Meetings. Learning in a mixed learning environment with only a few face-to-face meetings is possible. The purpose of this study was to determine how blended learning was implemented at the research site. The lack of face-to-face implementation has significant ramifications that various institutions must address, particularly the readiness to provide the infrastructure required for both offline and online learning in the classroom. MI NU 28 Roudlotussibyan Kendal implements learning in two ways: offline and online, or more precisely, blended learning. To collect data, this study employs qualitative research methods such as observation, documentation, and interviews. According to the study's findings, blended learning is implemented with a limited amount of face-to-face interaction and the use of numerous learning platforms as the media, such as Google Classroom, Google Meet, and WhatsApp. Blended learning implementation is hampered by a lack of appropriate infrastructure, internet network limits, and instructor challenges in classroom management. When compared to using only online learning, the benefits of implementing blended learning include increased student engagement, improved learning outcomes, and increased student motivation to learn.Key Words: Blended learning, Madrasah ibtidaiyah, Madrasah ibtidaiyah
KOMPARASI PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA TENTANG KONSEP PENDIDIKAN KERAKYATAN DENGAN WAJAH PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA ERA MILENIAL
Authors: Sidqi Kholfan Taqo
Published: December 2021

KOMPARASI PEMIKIRAN TAN MALAKA TENTANG KONSEP PENDIDIKAN KERAKYATAN DENGAN WAJAH PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA ERA MILENIAL

Oleh

Kholfan Zubair Taqo Sidqi

Dosen FAI Unwahas Semarang

(akha.sidqi@gmail.com)

Abstrak

Konsep Pendidikan kerakyatan yang diusung oleh Tan Malaka dengan mengedepankan kearifan lokal, membekali anak didik dengan keterampilan nyata agar berguna bagi bangsanya. Apalagi Pendidikan yang mampu menjangkau segenap lapisan masyarakat, seiring dengan tujuan dasar negara Indonesia. Pendidikan yang mendesain sekolah sebagai keluarga, agaknya mampu memperjelas tugas seorang guru sebagai Pendidik. Anak didik juga dipacu tidak sekedar masalah akademik belaka, namun aspek rohaniah nya mampu dikembangkan secara seimbang.

Melalui Pendidikan kerakyatan, mampu memanusiakan pendidik dan anak didik, segenap warga sekolah mampu bergotong royong demi mewujudkan ambisi bangsa, serta mengangkat harkat dan martabat bangsa Indonesia. Apabila fenomena Pendidikan era milenial kini keluar dari apa yang di cita-citakan para pendiri negara Indonesia, konsep Pendidikan kerakyatan mampu memberikan kontribusi sebagai Pendidikan yang mengembalikan marwah cita – cita luhur bangsa.

Kata kunci; Tan Malaka, sekolah kerakyatan, dan Pendidikan Indonesia era milenial.

Abstract

The concept of populist education promoted by Tan Malaka emphasizes local wisdom, equipping students with real skills to be useful for their nation. Moreover, capable education reach all levels of society, in line with the basic objectives of the Indonesian state. Education that designs schools as families, seems to be able to clarify the duties of a teacher as an educator. Protege too it is not only an academic problem, but its spiritual aspects can be developed in a balanced manner.

Through populist education, able to humanize educators and students, all school members are able to work together to create the nation's ambition, as well as uplifting the dignity of the Indonesian nation. If the phenomenon of millennial era education is now out of what is being desired The aspirations of the founders of the Indonesian state, the concept of populist education is able to contribute as education that returns the noble ideals of the nation.

Keywords; Tan Malaka, populist education, and Indonesian education in the millennial era.
PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP SISWI MENENGAH PERTAMA TENTANG DISMENORE DI BULUKUMBA
Authors: Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Dewi Purnamasari  , Fitriani
Published: December 2021

Kasus dismenore sering dijumpai pada usia sekolah baik tingkat menengah pertama maupun menengah atas. Kejadian dismenore ini terkadang menganggu aktivitas belajar para siswi disebabkan kesakitan dan nyeri yang dirasakan siswi saat mendapatkan menstruasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswi menengah pertama (SMPN 7) di Bulukumba untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap para siswi tentang dismenore ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan pendekatan survey melalui kuesioner yang berisikan pertanyaan pengetahuan tentang dismenore. Selain itu, pertanyaan tentang sikap siswi dalam menghadapi kejadian dismenore di saat berada di sekolah maupun di luar lingkungan sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 50% siswi mempunyai pengetahuan tentang dismenore dan 83.3% yang mempunyai sikap positif pada kejadian dismenore yang menimpanya. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah para siswi menengah pertama (SMPN 7 Bulukumba) mempunyai pengetahuan yang cukup dan sikap yang positif terhadap kejadian dismenore.
AKTIVITAS ANTI-BIOFILM BAKTERI DARI PRODUK ALGA COKLAT Dictyota sp.
Authors: Ardi Afriansyah Muhammad , Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Norma Ethica Stalis , Fitria Aprianti Nurannisa
Published: December 2021

Infeksi bakteri dapat memperlambat penyembuhan, menyebabkan deformitas dan kematian sel. Hal ini disebabkan bakteri menghasilkan biofilm yang memberikan sifat resistensi terhadap antibiotik yang diberikan pada luka yang terinfeksi bakteri itu. Infeksi yang terkait dengan biofilm merupakan mayoritas dari semua infeksi bakteri yang kronis atau berulang dalam tubuh manusia. Alginat liase.merupakan enzim yang mampu mendegradasi alginat, yang merupakan komponen utama biofilm bakteri. Oleh karena itu, pencarian sumber baru alginat liase menjadi penting dalam pemberantasan penyakit infeksi terutama yang terkait dengan pembentukan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan simbion dari produk fermentasi alga coklat Dictyota sp. yang diperoleh dari Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia dalam mendegradasi biofilm bakteri. Sampel makroalga segar difermentasi terlebih dahulu selama 7 hari untuk merangsang aktivitas degradasi oleh bakteri simbion secara umum. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil kultur dan resistensi dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar dilakukan terapi empiris. Bakteri simbion Dictyota sp ditumbuhkan pada media Zobell Agar (ZA) dan kemudian masing-masing koloni spesifik yang tumbuh dimurnikan menggunakan media Nutrient Agar (NA). Agar minimal alginat kemudian digunakan sebagai media selektif untuk mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri alginolitik yang ditunjukkan dengan kemampuannya membentuk zona alginolitik yang jernih disekitar koloni bakteri. Dari 14 isolat bakteri simbion Dictyota sp, 3 yaitu FD-01, FD-03, dan FD-04, dapat menghasilkan zona alginoliti dengan nilai indek alginolitik berkisar antara 0,5 – 1,0. Kesimpulannya, Dictyota sp. merupakan sumber potensial bakteri penghasil enzim antibiofilm, alginat liase
KUALITAS LAPORAN VISUM et REPERTUM KASUS PERLUKAAN KORBAN HIDUP DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA PALU TAHUN 2017
Authors: Furqani Safirah , S Muthaher Annisa , Nasrun
Published: December 2021

Visum et Repertum dapat dikatakan baik apabila mampu membuat terang perkara tindak pidana yang terjadi dengan melibatkan bukti-bukti forensik yang cukup, hal tersebut dikarenakan Visum et Repertum merupakan laporan tertulis yang dibuat oleh dokter mencakup apa yang diperiksanya dan interpretasinya sesuai keilmuannya terhadap manusia baik hidup atau mati atas permintaan tertulis dari penyidik berdasarkan sumpah dalam perkara pidana serta bertujuan untuk kepentingan peradilan.Pada penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kualitas Visum et Repertum terhadap 92 laporan Visum et Repertum kasus perlukaan korban hidup di RS Bhayangkara kota Palu pada tahun 2017, dengan metode desain penelitian deskriptif retrospektif cross sectional, didapatkan bahwa kualitas Visum et Repertum perlukaan korban hidup di RS.Bhayangkara kota Palu tahun 2017 adalah sebagai berikut (1) laporan bagian pendahuluan mendapatkan nilai 60,95% dikategorikan berkualitas sedang.(2) laporan pemberitaan mendapatkan nilai 75,81% dikategorikan berkualitas baik.(3) laporan bagian kesimpulan mendapatkan nilai 50,54% dikategorikan berkualitas sedang (4) laporan Visum et Repertum perlukaan korban hidup mendapatkan nilai 60,95% dikategorikan berkualitas sedang,sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Visum et Repertum perlukaan pada korban hidup pada RS.Bayangkara kota Palu tahun 2017 secara keseluruhan adalah berkualitas sedang dengan nilai 60,95%.
PENGARUH SERVANT LEADERSHIP, MOTIVASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PERTANIAN BALAI PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN (BPP) KECAMATAN SIRENJA KABUPATEN DONGGALA
Authors: Rezal Muhammad , Sangkota Megawaty
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini mengungkapkan pengaruh pengaruh servant leadership, motivasi dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Pertanian Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui pengaruh servant leadership, motivasi dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Pertanian Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala. Metode yang digunakan Penelilti bersifat Deskriptif dengan alat bantu koesioner terhadap 32 responden. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Multiple atau koefisien korelasi (R) adalah hubungan antara ketiga variabel bebas servant leadership, motivasi dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pertanian Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala sebesar 0,747 artinya hubungan variabel bebas (independen) terhadap variabel terikat (dependen) adalah kuat.

R Square atau koefisien determinasi (R2) adalah melihat pengaruh antara variabel servant leadership, motivasi dan kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pertanian Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala sebesar 0,558 atau 55,8% artinya pengaruh variabel bebas (independen) terhadap variabel terikat (dependen) sebesar 55,8% sedangkan sisanya 44,2% adalah pengaruh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.

 

Kata Kunci: Servant Leadership, Motivasi, Kompetensi dan Kinerja
Students' Self-Assessment of Arabic Speaking Skill
Authors: Matrokhim Matrokhim
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This study was aimed at determining students’ self-assessment of their Arabic speaking skills. The data was gathered through distributing speaking rubric to 92 Arabic language learners. The rubric was adapted from Cherice Montgomery and was consisted of six aspects of speaking, namely pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, content, accuracy, and comperehension and startegic competence. The data was analysed using Winstep to determine their self-assessment of speaking and how they perceive those six aspects of speaking skills. The result showed that the students identify their speaking performance as moderate level. The Wright Map revealed that content was the most difficult aspect of speaking, while pronunciation was the easiest aspect of it.
THE USE OF THE AESTHETIC POSSIBILITIES OF COLOR IN THE INTERIOR IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF TRAINING AN ARTIST-DESIGNER
Authors: Pylypchuk Oksana , Polubok Andrii
Published: December 2021

The article examines the main aesthetic possibilities of color in the interior. As a result of the analysis, the main conditions for the aesthetic impact of the coloristics of the interior space have been determined, which depend on the selected functional type of interior, a given scale, composition of space, general color, geometric plane and volumes, lighting, textured qualities of the material, harmonization of the surface color of the materials used, the relationship of structural elements and forms in the interior, informative possibilities of color. The interrelation of color with physiological, psychological and associative reactions in inflammatory processes and emotional sensations has been analyzed. Taken into account the understanding of color - color preferences and color culture issues. The associative possibilities of color as a means of emotional, aesthetic and symbolic impact have been determined. As a result, the main aesthetic possibilities of coloristics in the interior have been developed and proposed, which consist of logical sequential stages in order to implement the coloristic interior design and which are necessary in the educational process of training specialists in the specialty 022 "Design" in the discipline "Design workshop. Coloristics in the interior" (Department of Design, Faculty of Architecture of KNUSA), as well as necessary for their future professional activities: 1) solution of the creative concept and image of the interior; 2) a comprehensive solution to the overall color of the interior; 3) taking into account the emotional impact of color on a person; 4) creating expressiveness of the interior and determining its utility, functionality and expediency.
MONITORING OF SEASONAL OPENING OF CRACKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOFIA KYIVSKA NATIONAL RESERVE
Authors: Yakovenko Mykhailo , Nesterenko Olena , Zoryn Yevhen , Ben Igor
Published: December 2021

An instrumental method for monitoring changes in the width of crack opening in the constructions of the National Reserve "Sofia Kievska" is presented. Due to the uneven sediment of the foundations, causing the appearance of stress and effort in the load-bearing building structures, there is a process of cracking. The process of cracking is one of the manifestations of deformation processes that need to be monitored, and therefore to conduct regular instrumental observations.

The urgency of instrumental monitoring is assumed to be a careful attitude to the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine, in particular the National Reserve "Sofia Kievska".

The main task of the publication was to consider the method of instrumental observation of the change in the width of the crack opening using the comparator "SDM 50/500". Investigate the dependence and analysis of seasonal fluctuations in ambient temperature and humidity changes in the width of crack opening based on the results of five years of monitoring of cracks in the structures of St. Sofia Cathedral of the National Reserve "Sofia Kievska".

The article presents the results of long-term monitoring by a unique method using the comparator "SDM 50/500" width of cracks in the walls of the historical and cultural monument of architecture and history of Ukraine of St. Sofia Cathedral of National Reserve "Sofia Kievska". The presented monitoring results were collected during five years of work.

According to the results of observations, a graph of the development of changes in the width of crack opening over time over 5 years is constructed. The direct dependence on air humidity and the inverse dependence on the ambient air temperature are analyzed with the help of the constructed dependence graphs.

The results of the study provided an opportunity to develop clear recommendations for further studies to monitor the development of cracks. The main direction of further research will be to improve the method of surveying the change in the width of the crack opening using a portable comparator "SDM 50/500".
ZONING OF THE CITY TERRITORY BY THE LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY NITROGEN OXIDES
Authors: Tatarchenko Halyna
Published: December 2021

The problem of building an ecologically clean city is considered, taking into account the basic principles of its construction, maintenance, zoning of ecological functions and, at the same time, the need to maintain sustainable development. Calculations of the concentration of emissions of nitrogen oxides in fourteen transport nodes - intersections of the main roads of the city were carried out, the dispersion of the distribution of impurities in the atmosphere was determined.

On the basis of the criterion of the traffic intensity of vehicles, the zoning of the territory around the intersections of the main roads of the city was proposed according to the level of atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen oxides: safe zones, where the content of nitrogen oxides is less than the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (maximum allowable concentration = 0.04 mg/m3); zones of low safety, where the content of nitrogen oxides is less than the maximum one-time maximum permissible concentration (maximum allowable concentration = 0.4 mg/m3); hazardous zones, where the level is higher than the maximum allowable concentration, constant monitoring and special treatment facilities are needed.

The calculation of the traffic intensity of vehicles, which is necessary to achieve the maximum allowable rate for nitrogen oxide emissions, and the ratio between the substances. Sanitary protection zones-territories around the main hubs, where nitrogen oxides have a harmful effect on the environment and human health, have been calculated. It was revealed that the predominant north-western direction of winds leads to an increase in the territory of pollution up to 850 m, if the highway has eight lanes. A conceptual model of the transition to clean air in urbanized areas is proposed, according to which, in fact, it is necessary to solve the problems of coexistence and protection:

- a person who seeks to live comfortably, and comfort requires constant progress and at the same time preserving his health;

- transport, which is associated with the need to quickly move goods and services, requires sustainable economic development and leads to climate change;

- the environment, the state of which under anthropogenic influence is deteriorating against the background of intensification of natural disasters.
ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE OBJECTS LOCATED ON TRANSPORT HUBS
Authors: Abdulgani Mustafa Mahmооd
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the main aspects of the architectural and planning organization of service facilities for transport hubs. The main blocks of the functional planning structure of transport interchange hubs (T.I.HUB), elements of their structure and principles of placement in the structure of large cities have been formed in the center, in the structure of residential areas, in historical city centers, and in the contact zone of urban and suburban development. The work substantiates the relevance of the development regarding the design of transport hubs (T.HUB)s in the structure of modern cities, which are constantly and systematically developing, increasing the need for the transportation of an increasing number of passengers.

The dynamic development of modern infrastructural cities, especially large ones, require a revision of the norms and dimensions of transfer stations, the landing front of stops, the reorganization of the inner spaces of the transport hubs (T.HUB), etc. The design and construction of transport hubs can be carried out in a completely new construction, reconstruction or reconstruction with modernization, or in the difficult conditions. Already today, many big cities are suffering from traffic jams bordering on collapse, especially during peak hours. Therefore, this problem must be solved in all possible ways, especially attention should be paid to the architectural and planning organization of service facilities, which are located at the transport hub (T.HUB). A transport interchange hub is a nodal element of the city's planning structure, which allows organizational transfer of passengers between various types of urban and external (intercity, international) passenger transport or between different lines of the same type of transport in an urban structure. For example, transport hubs (T.HUB) are possible in the structure of the functioning of a railway transport hub from one railway line to another. Transport interchange hubs (T.I.HUB)can be specialized or multifunctional, and include a number of facilities for passing passenger services and social infrastructure: accumulative lobbies in front of the entrance group ("entrance" - "exit"), a foyer with digital validation of electronic tickets and cards on different routes of passengers; cargo and goods rooms for baggage claim (at airports, river stations and railway stations);  customs premises (if we are talking about international flights departing from transport hubs (T.HUB); intercepting parking lots and taxi and bus stands; public service facilities; shops, catering establishments; financial institutions, etc.

As noted earlier, we can talk about six types of transport hubs (T.HUB) in the structure of the designed and existing nodes on land, underground, river, rail, sea and air transport. Thus, modern transport hubs can be organized not only in the city structure, but also in ports, railways. railway stations and airports, which can significantly expand their typological range of service facilities.
ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS OF THE SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS
Authors: Kaidanovska Olena , Finaheieva Anastassia
Published: December 2021

This article identifies an in-depth analysis of the concept of "social adaptation" of children with special psychological needs, in particular, describes the importance of the architectural factor as key in creating a favorable social environment, helps to ensure effective social adaptation. The method of terminological analysis was used to analyze the concept of "social adaptation" and the definition of possible components; The process of social adaptation is considered in the context of three related categories - society, medicine, architecture – which affect the effectiveness of the process and form its key components. Architecture as a means of influencing the adaptive process is too underestimated, although it is the architectural space and environment that unite all functional processes.

Social adaptation is a complex and multifaceted process, which depends not only on the skill and experience of specialists, the peculiarities of children's perception, but also on the nature of the environment in which this process takes place. The space formed by architectural means can both promote effective adaptation of children with special needs in the conditions of the social environment, and brake it owing to design imperfections and inconsistencies.

The study conducted in the article confirms the importance of analyzing the architectural aspect of social adaptation and its impact on relevant processes, will further help to create a basis for social integration of children with special needs in society.
CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF SHELTERS FOR PEOPLE SUFFERED FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors: Obynochna Zoriana
Published: December 2021

The article analyses domestic experience in the design and construction of shelters for domestic violence victims and the possibility of new construction. The directors of Ukrainian shelters and hotline managers were interviewed. The existing shelters for mothers and children were analysed, the main architectural and planning features were determined.  Domestic and foreign scientific works were analysed.
The research topic is relevant due to the social need of shelters for domestic violence victims. Currently, such institutions are to be established as more and more cases of domestic violence are being recorded every day, therefore the shelter can become the «island» for protection, safety, rehabilitation and assistance.
A modern shelter for people suffering from domestic violence is a conceptually new type of social housing. The main difference between shelters and crisis rooms is the time of stay, comfort and security levels. The time spent in crisis rooms is 7-10 days, in shelters - 1-3 months, if necessary, it can be 6 months.  Crisis rooms are equipped with individual accommodation for each person or family in a difficult life situation and look like mini-apartments with their own bedroom, small kitchen and bathroom.  In shelters, most often, it is one common room for two people, a shared kitchen-dining room and a bathroom with shower. These differences significantly affect the architectural and planning organization of each institution.
The study revealed that shelters in Ukraine are usually part of other social structures, only a few operate as separate institutions. Most often they occupy one wing of a one-storey house, or one of the floors of a two-storey building.  Shelters provide assistance with housing, food, recreational sites for children, legal, psychological, rehabilitative and, if necessary, medical assistance. The vast majority of shelters are located in the central part of the city.
The purpose of this study is to identify the best features in the architectural and planning organization of such institutions in Ukraine.
METHODOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT OF WATERCOLOR PAINTING FOR STUDENTS-ARCHITECTORS
Authors: Bilhorodska Olena , Hrihorieva Valentina
Published: December 2021

The article considers that watercolor technique is the most advanced one for the transfer of living architectural forms of structures in the drawing. Drawings of architectural projects should give a full understanding of the correct purpose, about the cost-effectiveness, strength and beauty of the future building. Therefore, drawings must be clear, understandable, expressive, their graphic performance must be based on the high foundations of realistic art. Watercolor is a professional and traditional visual means of an architect. Watercolor is an amazing material that combines the ability to comprehend both the pictorial, color organization of the image and the graphic, sign-tonal one. The architect, referring to the picturesque development of the drawing, first of all, must determine its purpose and choose from all the numerous visual techniques of watercolor painting those that will better contribute to the expressiveness of this drawing. Then they will be correctly used: the perfect visual equipment, a large arsenal of tools, a wide range of techniques, a large palette of colors, various possibilities of tools and materials. These features allow you to cope with multitasking in a wide variety of visual arts. The main features of watercolor painting are high airiness and transparency. However, architectural watercolor has its own specific conventions, some generalization, laconicism, business simplicity, clarity, a certain limited palette of colors, but at the same time it successfully fulfills its task only when it proceeds from the position of realistic painting.Such watercolor techniques as: “wet”, “dry”, “glaze”, “ά la prima” are considered The technique of watercolor painting is a visual reflection of the main theoretical postulates of the composite space organization on the plane. Watercolor techniques solve these problems and clearly show the interaction of tonal and color characteristics of all elements of the composition.
PRESERVED STATION COMPLEXES OF THE RAIL NETWORK OF THE VOLHYNIAN GOVERNORATE AS OBJECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Nazaruk Mykola
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the problems connected with preserving the authenticity of the historical environment of Volhynia.

Preserved railway stations, as well as buildings that are part of the railway station complexes, that were built in the Volhynian Governorate in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, are valuable architectural objects. Many of preserved station complexes have the features of ensemble unity. For some reason, most of these unique buildings do not have official monument status. Therefore, the author proposes to include in the register of architectural monuments those passenger buildings, as well as buildings of station complexes, that are part of the architectural ensemble, that do not have status of monument and about that is written in this article.

Some railway station complexes are in decline due to the closure and need immediate measures to preserve them.

There are recommendations for the rehabilitation and protection of the preserved of railway station complexes, that were built in the Volhynian Governorate.

The research methodology is based on general, interdisciplinary and disciplinary, that include architectural and town-planning research methods.

This publication aims to substantiate the architectural value of the buildings of  railway station complexes, that were built in the Volhynian Governorate in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries and have been preserved to this day. The task is also to substantiate the proposal to include in the register of architectural monuments those passenger buildings that do not have status of monument and about that is written in this article.

The article deals with the volume-spatial structure and stylistics of the of the buildings of  railway station complexes, that were built in the Volhynian Governorate in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries and have been preserved to this day. Considerable attention is paid to the architectural value of these passenger buildings. The author substantiates the proposal to include in the register of architectural monuments those passenger buildings, as well as buildings of station complexes, that are part of the architectural ensemble, that do not have status of monument and about that is written in this article.
METHODS OF THE COMPLEX PROCESS OF THE RESTORATION-RECONSTRUCTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Leshchenko Nellia
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the systematization of existing restoration and reconstructive methods in a hierarchical order, depending on the possibility of introducing a new one into the historically established – from, the gentlest, restoration to the most active reconstructive. Their classification is proposed: according to the activity of the intervention – into preserving, restoring, renewing, transforming; to carry out qualitative changes at different system levels – urban planning, volumetric and functional. Preserving and restoring methods are classified as restoration, and renewing and transforming methods are classified as reconstructive. Their correspondence is shown depending on their activity in bringing new into the historical formed and their use for various system levels in the implementation of the complex process of restoration-reconstructive transformations. A brief explanation of each method is provided. It has been determined that the use of the restoration or reconstructive methods depends on the qualitative indicator of the existing state of the selected site, namely, its degree of value (historical-architectural value) and the degree of destruction (integrity). It is recommended to use restoration methods (preserving and restoring) for sites of the I and II degrees of value and integrity, and reconstructive methods (renewing and transforming) for sites of the III and IV degrees of value and integrity. It was indicated that the restoration methods correspond to the I and II degrees of restoration-reconstructive transformations, and the reconstructive methods correspond to the III and IV degrees of the RRT. For the effectiveness of the complex process of restoration-reconstruction transformations in any historical urban environment, it is recommended to use not individual methods, but their combinations.
Methodical approaches to forecasting and early detection of economic cyclicity
Authors: Stetsenko Sergii , Moholivets Anton
Published: December 2021

The analysis and generalization of theoretical preconditions of formation of the advancing economic indicators which at different times in different countries of the world are used as indicators of change of a phase of an economic cycle is carried out. Based on the analysis of literature sources, it is established that the methodology of economic forecasting of cyclicality in the scientific literature includes two main areas, namely: a) direct forecasting of the dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators based on extrapolation, correlation and regression analysis, expert surveys (consensus forecasts) and surveys of economic entities; b) the use of leading economic indicators, which by their nature can be pro-cyclical, counter-cyclical and acyclical, and in relation to the phase of the economic cycle - ahead, late and synchronous.

The most common leading indicators are considered, among which the Index of leading economic indicators of the USA, Composite leading index of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Indicator of business confidence by types of economic activity, consumer confidence, business climate and economic sentiment in accordance with the Special Data Dissemination Standard of the International Monetary Fund. Since 2006, the National Bank of Ukraine has been conducting a survey on the status and prospects of business activity, and similar quarterly indicators have been developed by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and implemented since 2013. At the same time, a separate indicator is proposed for forecasting business activity in construction - the indicator of business confidence in construction (IDVB). However, the feasibility of using these indicators has yet to be proven in practice. To increase the accuracy of forecasting changes in the phases of economic cycles, it is proposed to develop separate indicators at the sectoral and regional levels. Theoretical generalization and substantiation of causes, consequences, methods of counteracting economic cyclicality should become the basis for further applied research. This approach is a theoretical basis for the development of tools for countercyclical management of enterprises, sectors of the economy and national economies in conditions of fluctuations in business activity.