bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hotelería y trabajo informal en el sector turismo: una reflexión en tiempos de Covid-19
Authors: Regalado-Calanche Dubys , Obispo-Salazar Kelly , Rosero-Sarasty Oscar
Published: October 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre algunos efectos generados por la Covid-19 en el turismo, particularmente en la hotelería y en el trabajo informal. El texto se enmarca en dos apartados: primero se analiza la importancia de la gestión de recursos humanos y las prácticas como la capacitación, ya que posibilitan el desarrollo de competencias en líderes y empleados durante y después de la pandemia; segundo, se describen datos y algunas consecuencias de la Covid-19 en los trabajadores informales. A continuación, se presentan algunas sugerencias para la reactivación y el mantenimiento bioseguro del turismo. Para finalizar, se concluye que el turismo se ha caracterizado por ser resiliente ante las diferentes pandemias. Se concibe la Covid-19 como una oportunidad para fortalecer las prácticas en la gestión de recursos humanos en el trabajo formal y se considera la implementación de medidas bioseguras en los trabajadores informales, que garanticen el desarrollo de su actividad.
Risks of organizational growth to cooperatives’ identity
Authors: Vargas-Prieto Amanda , Arrieta-Díaz Enrique
Published: October 2022

The evolution of the agricultural sector in France motivated agricultural cooperatives to boost the creation of business groups that combine affiliates, which add value to production, and traditional cooperatives, in charge of the production process. The new structure merges shareholding governance and associative governance in a hybrid model. The two methods exist at the core of affiliates and the traditional structure, respectively. This article outlines the consequences of the hybrid governance model on cooperatives’ identity by analyzing the case studies of five French cooperative groups. The analysis reveals an identity crisis within the cooperatives after adopting a hybrid model. This crisis is characterized by three adverse effects on the relationship between the cooperative and its associates: complexity, distance, and confusion. The consequences of the hybrid governance model for agricultural cooperatives are mainly control and incentive mechanisms and weakened cooperative values and principles.
The Quantum World and the Problems in Object-Based Interpretation
Authors: Suprun Sergey P. , Suprun Anatoly P. , Petrenko Victor F.
Published: October 2022

Problems in quantum mechanics are analyzed; this analysis demonstrates
that their solution lies beyond the current scientific paradigm, which utilizes an object.based description in a space-time representation. A variant allowing for resolution of
the existing contradictions is proposed, which implies a reconsideration of the
fundamental principles for reality modeling.
Implanted Layer Characterization
Authors: Muttaqin Adharul , Idris Irman
Published: October 2022

In modern semiconductor process technology, ion implantation has become the most important technique to introduce dopant atoms into semiconductor materials. The main advantage of ion implantation technique is its high controllability of process parameters, which influencing dopant distribution profile. This research was intended to characterize the product of ion implantation machine NV-3204.

Ion implantation characterization successfully produced and evaluated pn-junction diode characteristics. PN-junction diode was fabricated using 100 keV energy and 5x1013 cm-3 dose of phosphorus on a silicon wafer type N<111>. For all measured area, pnjunction diode has junction depth Xj = 1 um, breakdown voltage -45V, built-in voltage 0.8V, and dopant concentration 5x1018 cm-3. Comparing the simulation, this result exhibited that output of ion implantation machine was well controlled.
Peningkatan Unjuk Kerja Sistem Sensor Garis Pemandu Pada Robot Kontes
Authors: Sulistiyanto Nanang
Published: October 2022

Autonomous mobile robots competing during the Indonesian Domestic Robot Contest generally move by tracking a guidance line on the field based on information obtained from optical sensor systems. High intensity and non-homogenously distributed spotlights of television cameras have been the cause of most of the autonomous machines not to be able to move fast and accurately. As a solution, basic principles of Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) that has been successfully applied on telecommunication systems are adopted to increase the immunity of the sensor system from the disturbances. The objective of this research is to design a sensor system which is capable of detecting a guidance line as thin as 1 mm at a maximum speed of 4 m/s. The simulation results show that the system is relatively immune from 50 Hz interferences. The accuracy of the system begins to be significatly influenced by random noise on signal to noise ratio about 0 dB but the system produces an accuracy of nearly 100% for carrier frequencies above 18 kHz

Index Terms— butterworth filter, contest robot, digital signal processing, microcontroller, simulation.

Robot otomatis pada Kontes Robot Indonesia (KRI) umumnya bergerak mengikuti garis-garis pemandu di lapangan berdasarkan suatu sistem sensor cahaya. Pengaruh lampu sorot kamera televisi yang terlalu terang dan tidak merata menjadi permasalahan utama kegagalan mayoritas robot-robot tersebut untuk bergerak dengan kecepatan tinggi dan akurat. Sebagai solusi, prinsip kerja sistem Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) pada sistem telekomunikasi diadopsi ke dalam sistem sensor pada sistem pelacak garis robot tersebut untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sistem terhadap pengaruh cahaya luar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu sistem sensor yang mampu mendeteksi suatu garis selebar 1 mm untuk kecepatan maksimum robot sebesar 4 m/s di bawah lingkungan yang penuh derau (noise). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem relatif kebal terhadap pengaruh interferensi 50 Hz. Keakuratan sistem mulai terpengaruh oleh derau acak secara signifikan pada SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) sekitar 0 dB tetapi sistem tersebut dapat menghasilkan keakuratan mendekati 100% untuk frekuensi pembawa di atas 18 kHz.

Kata Kunci— filter butterworth, mikrokontroler, pemrosesan sinyal digital, robot kontes, simulasi.
Analisis Kualitas Layanan Pendidikan Terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa Difabel Studi Kasus di Universitas Brawijaya
Authors: Stefany Ekky Retno , Setyowati Endah , Wike Wike
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the satisfaction level of students with disabilities toward the educational services provided by Brawijaya University based on indicators of Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The popilation was students with disabilities at Brawijaya University, while the sample included 16 respondents determined by the Purposive sampling technique. The result demonstrated the average score of the tangibles (X1) variable, reliability (X2), responsiveness (X3), assurance (X4), and empathy (X5) were 4.40, 4.04, 4.11, 3.97, and 3.76, respectively. This showed that respondents gave a positive response (agree) to the indicators of the quality of education service. In addition, the score of the customer satisfaction index (CSI) obtained was 81.26%. Therefore, it is concluded that students with disabilities have so far been “satisfied” with the educational service provided by the university. However, university is expected to improve the quality of education service quality and students’ expectation.
Collaborative Governance dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata Gubugklakah Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Akbar Robeth , Supriyono Bambang , Domai Tjahjanulin
Published: October 2022

Collaborative Governance, collaboration is the answer to the complexity of the problems that need to be addressed by the government. The collaborative approach can also be applied in tourism development. One of them is the practice of collaboration in Gubugklakah Village. This collaboration was initiated by the people of Gubugklakah Village with the aim of adding economic values to the community. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, so that the types of data obtained are primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the collaboration process starts from face-to-face dialogue or intensive communication between actors. In addition, the starting conditions, institutional design, and facilitative leadership factors are supporting factors in collaboration in the development of the Gubugklakah Tourism Village.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Berbasis Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Pantai Ngliyep Kabupaten Malang (Studi pada Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Malang)
Authors: Rimadevi Galuh , Mindarti Lely Indah , Hanafi Imam
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to determine the results of the policy evaluation of the coastal area management program based on sustainable development in Ngliyep Beach Kedungsalam Village Malang East Java Indonesia. This study used a case study design and it was conducted at the Department of Tourism and Culture of Malang Regency to find out the implementation of the program whether they were at the right target of the coastal communities in Ngliyep Beach. The results of this study indicate that related parties actively participate in developing coastal areas in Malang Regency. The Head of Ngliyep Beach Management keeps trying to maximize tourism promotion through various media. The Ngliyep Beach tourism can highly increase the economic activity of the people in this village including providing employment opportunities and preserving the culture and traditions of the local community.
Analisis Tata Kelola Penyelenggaraan Kelas Internasional terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa di Universitas Brawijaya
Authors: Sylviani Sri Mulyani
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of satisfaction of international class students, the governance of the implementation of international classes at Brawijaya University. Method This research is quantitative using a survey approach with an associative approach. This study uses a population of all students in the International class of Universitas Brawijaya, which is 477 people from the class of 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The sample was taken using the slovin formula, the sampling technique used stratified random sampling so that a sample of 218 was obtained. person. The instrument in the study was valid and reliable. The data analysis method used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study prove that transparency (X1), accountability (X2), responsibility (X3), independence (X4), fairness (X5), quality assurance and relevance (X6), effectiveness and efficiency (X7), non-profit (X8) significant effect on student satisfaction (Y). Research can be a reference for the management of Universitas Brawijaya in improving the quality of education services for international class students.
“Internal emigration”: features of everyday behavior in the conditions of war
Authors: Popov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2022

The article reconstructs the everyday life of urban dwellers during the revolution and civil war of 1917-1920 in Ukraine. Average people include representatives of different social groups of the urban population, united by the desire to ensure their own survival by adapting to changing political and economic realities. The main models of daily practices common at that time are considered, which include a change in appearance, the use of fake documents, maximum isolation, previously unusual activities, as well as masking genuine activities in case of their forbidden nature. Appearance changed mainly by abandoning the usual clothes which made it possible to determine the social status of its wearer. The registration of all kinds of certificates transferred their owners to the “socially close” groups of the new government, and was intended to save them from various persecutions. Isolation was achieved either by a regular change of place of residence, or by the complete avoidance of any contact. The greatest ability to externally reformat their former employment was demonstrated by professional traders who tried to remain faithful to their usual business, despite all the new restrictions. The author revealed that a characteristic feature of the life of specialists who had professions in demand under any government was the long-term preservation of their usual way of life, home comfort and contentment. The specific features of the general socio-anthropological crisis of this period have been established.Separately, the article discusses the practice of mental relaxation of citizens to preserve their illusory "small world", creating a simulation of a forever lost way of life around themselves or in the immediate environment. The author showed the consequences of applying such practices. The study of historical experience associated with periods of social uncertainty is relevant since real politics should consider the peculiarities of citizens' everyday behavior, which are mainly identical to the practices of the last century.
Social cohesion and intercultural studies in the educational community
Authors: Dielini Maryna , Portera Agostino , Nesterova Marja , Milani Marta
Published: October 2022

The article shows the important role of social cohesion as a social phenomenon, its impact on the development of society and intercultural communication. The social role of trust, in particular, in the development of social cohesion, is also shown. Social cohesion acquires acute relevance and importance in the current time of social transformations, as cohesion allows communities overcome various fluctuations and changes. The social cohesion as complex social phenomenon has been analyzed in the focus of intercultural studies. The aim of the research was to investigate the important spheres of social cohesion related to intercultural communication in the educational community, in particular, in the university community of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. The research conducted several times, including the crisis states of society – pan-demic and war conflict in Ukraine. This research continues social cohesion studies, which are conducted in the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University since 2016, and demonstrates one of the current stages. The methodological tool is an adaptation of the "Social Cohesion Radar" model at the university community level. The study is based on primary data from the author's questionnaire. The important role of social cohesion, trust and values in intercultural communication is demonstrated.
Two new species of Archelcana Sharov (Orthoptera: Elcanidae) from the Lower Jurassic of Luxembourg
Authors: Heads Sam , Thuy Ben , Tamarri Jacob
Published: October 2022

Two new species of the genus Archelcana Sharov (Orthoptera: Elcanidae: Archelcaninae) are described from the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) deposits of Uerschterhaff, near Sanem, southern Luxembourg. Archelcana numbergerae sp. nov. and Archelcana tina sp. nov. are the first fossil insects to be formally described from the Uerschterhaff locality and the first fossil orthopterans from the Lower Jurassic of Luxembourg.
Phenotypic Performance Evaluation of the Coffee Variety Marsellesa® over 1400 meters a.s.l. as an Alternative for Coffee Growing
Authors: Dilas-Jiménez Josue Otoniel , Zelada Valqui Helgar , Carrasco Barturén Wilson , Mugruza-Vassallo Carlos
Published: October 2022

Most studies on coffee varieties have focused on resistance to several conditions, evaluating a maximum of two varieties at altitudes below 1,000 m a.s.l. To fill this gap, the present study aims to find phenotyping differences across Marsellesa, Red Caturra, and Catimor coffee crops evaluated over 1,400 m a.s.l. Experimentally, this work was divided into three plots (1,477., 1,548, and 1,797 m a.s.l.) with three treatments and three repetitions, totaling 27 experimental plots. We tested the resistance to rust and Cercospora, and the organoleptic quality was assessed by an expert coffee taster with a SCA Q-Grader Coffee Certificate. We found similar results in the three cultivars, with high production (around 1 t/ha of dry parchment coffee) in their first year. The Caturra variety showed a higher plant height. Marsellesa showed the best resistance to rust with a 0 % incidence; however, the three crops were susceptible to Cercospora. We concluded that Marsellesa coffee adapts to the humid montane forest zone over 1,400 m a.s.l. with good organoleptic properties and better rust resistance. Marsellesa has been used in the area for the last two years; therefore, this specialty coffee shows rust resistance and helps the small farmer meet the international market’s expectations.
Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in People Previously Vaccinated Against Influenza: Population-Based Cohort Study Using Primary Health Care Electronic Records
Authors: Giner-Soriano Maria , de Dios Vanessa , Ouchi Dan , Vilaplana-Carnerero Carles , Monteagudo Mònica , Morros Rosa
Published: October 2022

Background

A possible link between influenza immunization and susceptibility to the complications of COVID-19 infection has been previously suggested owing to a boost in the immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with COVID-19 could have benefited from vaccination against influenza. We hypothesized that the immunity resulting from the previous influenza vaccination would boost part of the immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

We performed a population-based cohort study including all patients with COVID-19 with registered entries in the primary health care (PHC) electronic records during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) in Catalonia, Spain. We compared individuals who took an influenza vaccine before being infected with COVID-19, with those who had not taken one. Data were obtained from Information System for Research in Primary Care, capturing PHC information of 5.8 million people from Catalonia. The main outcomes assessed during follow-up were a diagnosis of pneumonia, hospital admission, and mortality.

Results

We included 309,039 individuals with COVID-19 and compared them on the basis of their influenza immunization status, with 114,181 (36.9%) having been vaccinated at least once and 194,858 (63.1%) having never been vaccinated. In total, 21,721 (19%) vaccinated individuals and 11,000 (5.7%) unvaccinated individuals had at least one of their outcomes assessed. Those vaccinated against influenza at any time (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.19), recently (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.18), or recurrently (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15) before being infected with COVID-19 had a higher risk of presenting at least one of the outcomes than did unvaccinated individuals. When we excluded people living in long-term care facilities, the results were similar.

Conclusions

We could not establish a protective role of the immunity conferred by the influenza vaccine on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection, as the risk of COVID-19 complications was higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated individuals. Our results correspond to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, where more complications and mortalities due to COVID-19 had occurred. Despite that, our study adds more evidence for the analysis of a possible link between the quality of immunity and COVID-19 outcomes, particularly in the PHC setting.
Digital Connectedness in the Jackson Heart Study: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Anugu Pramod , Ansari Md Abu Yusuf , Min Yuan-I , Benjamin Emelia J , Murabito Joanne , Winters Karen , Turner Erica , Correa Adolfo
Published: October 2022

Background

Although new approaches for data collection, such as mobile technology and teleresearch, have demonstrated new opportunities for the conduct of more timely and less costly surveys in community-based studies, literature on the feasibility of conducing cardiovascular disease research using mobile health (mHealth) platforms among middle-aged and older African Americans has been limited.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge regarding the penetrance of internet and mobile technologies, such as cellphones or smartphones in existing large cohort studies of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

A digital connectedness survey was conducted in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a Mississippi-based African American cohort study, as part of the annual follow-up calls with participants from July 2017 to February 2019.

Results

Of the 4024 participants contacted, 2564 (63.7%) completed the survey. Among survey respondents, 2262 (88.2%) reported use of internet or cellphone, and 1593 (62.1%) had a smartphone. Compared to nonusers (n=302), internet or cellphone users (n=2262) were younger (mean age 80.1, SD 8.0 vs 68.2, SD 11.3 years), more likely to be affluent (n=778, 40.1% vs n=39, 15.4%), and had greater than high school education (n=1636, 72.5% vs n=85, 28.1%). Internet or cellphone users were less likely to have cardiovascular disease history compared to nonusers (136/2262, 6.6% vs 41/302, 15.8%). The prevalence of current smoking and average BMI were similar between internet or cellphone users and nonusers. Among internet or cellphone users, 1316 (58.3%) reported use of email, 504 (22.3%) reported use of apps to track or manage health, and 1269 (56.1%) expressed interest in using JHS-developed apps.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that it is feasible to use mHealth technologies to collect survey data among African Americans already enrolled in a longitudinal study. Our findings also highlight the need for more efforts to reduce the age and education divide in access and use of internet and smartphones for tracking health and research in African American communities.
Association of Continuously Measured Vital Signs With Respiratory Insufficiency in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: van Goor Harriet M R , Vernooij Lisette M , Breteler Martine J M , Kalkman Cor J , Kaasjager Karin A H , van Loon Kim
Published: October 2022

Background

Continuous monitoring of vital signs has the potential to assist in the recognition of deterioration of patients admitted to the general ward. However, methods to efficiently process and use continuously measured vital sign data remain unclear.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore methods to summarize continuously measured vital sign data and evaluate their association with respiratory insufficiency in COVID-19 patients at the general ward.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients admitted to a designated COVID-19 cohort ward equipped with continuous vital sign monitoring. We collected continuously measured data of respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. For each patient, 7 metrics to summarize vital sign data were calculated: mean, slope, variance, occurrence of a threshold breach, number of episodes, total duration, and area above/under a threshold. These summary measures were calculated over timeframes of either 4 or 8 hours, with a pause between the last data point and the endpoint (the “lead”) of 4, 2, 1, or 0 hours, and with 3 predefined thresholds per vital sign. The association between each of the summary measures and the occurrence of respiratory insufficiency was calculated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 429 patients that were monitored, 334 were included for analysis. Of these, 66 (19.8%) patients developed respiratory insufficiency. Summarized continuously measured vital sign data in timeframes close to the endpoint showed stronger associations than data measured further in the past (ie, lead 0 vs 1, 2, or 4 hours), and summarized estimates over 4 hours of data had stronger associations than estimates taken over 8 hours of data. The mean was consistently strongly associated with respiratory insufficiency for the three vital signs: in a 4-hour timeframe without a lead, the standardized odds ratio for heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation was 2.59 (99% CI 1.74-4.04), 5.05 (99% CI 2.87-10.03), and 3.16 (99% CI 1.78-6.26), respectively. The strength of associations of summary measures varied per vital sign, timeframe, and lead.

Conclusions

The mean of a vital sign showed a relatively strong association with respiratory insufficiency for the majority of vital signs and timeframes. The type of vital sign, length of the timeframe, and length of the lead influenced the strength of associations. Highly associated summary measures and their combinations could be used in a clinical prediction score or algorithm for an automatic alarm system.
Evaluating the Discriminatory Ability of the Sickle Cell Data Collection Program’s Administrative Claims Case Definition in Identifying Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Singh Ashima , Sontag Marci K , Zhou Mei , Dasgupta Mahua , Crume Tessa , McLemore Morgan , Galadanci Najibah , Randall Eldrida , Steiner Nicole , Brandow Amanda M , Koch Kathryn , Field Joshua J , Hassell Kathryn , Snyder Angela B , Kanter Julie
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Sickle cell disease (SCD) was first recognized in 1910 and identified as a genetic condition in 1949. However, there is not a universal clinical registry that can be used currently to estimate its prevalence. The Sickle Cell Data Collection (SCDC) program, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, funds state-level grantees to compile data within their states from various sources including administrative claims to identify individuals with SCD. The performance of the SCDC administrative claims case definition has been validated in a pediatric population with SCD, but it has not been tested in adults.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study is to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the SCDC administrative claims case definition to accurately identify adults with SCD using Medicaid insurance claims data.

METHODS

Our study used Medicaid claims data in combination with hospital-based medical record data from the Alabama, Georgia, and Wisconsin SCDC programs to identify individuals aged 18 years or older meeting the SCDC administrative claims case definition. In order to validate this definition, our study included only those individuals who were identified in both Medicaid’s and the partnering clinical institution’s records. We used clinical laboratory tests and diagnostic algorithms to determine the true SCD status of this subset of patients. Positive predictive values (PPV) are reported overall and by state under several scenarios.

RESULTS

There were 1219 individuals (354 from Alabama and 865 from Georgia) who were identified through a 5-year time period. The 5-year time period yielded a PPV of 88.4% (91% for data from Alabama and 87% for data from Georgia), when only using data with laboratory-confirmed (gold standard) cases as true positives. With a narrower time period (3-year period) and data from 3 states (Alabama, Georgia, and Wisconsin), a total of 1432 individuals from these states were included in our study. The overall 3-year PPV was 89.4% (92%, 93%, and 81% for data from Alabama, Georgia, and Wisconsin, respectively) when only considering laboratory-confirmed cases as true cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Adults identified as having SCD from administrative claims data based on the SCDC case definition have a high probability of truly having the disease, especially if those hospitals have active SCD programs. Administrative claims are thus a valuable data source to identify adults with SCD in a state and understand their epidemiology and health care service usage.
Changes in Radiology Due to Artificial Intelligence That Can Attract Medical Students to the Specialty (Preprint)
Authors: Liu David Shalom , Abu-Shaban Kamil , Halabi Safwan S , Cook Tessa Sundaram
Published: October 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has grown exponentially in the recent years. One of the primary worries by medical students is that AI will cause the roles of a radiologist to become automated and thus obsolete. Therefore, there is a greater hesitancy by medical students to choose radiology as a specialty. However, it is in this time of change that the specialty needs new thinkers and leaders. In this succinct viewpoint, 2 medical students involved in AI and 2 radiologists specializing in AI or clinical informatics posit that not only are these fears false, but the field of radiology will be transformed in such a way due to AI that there will be novel reasons to choose radiology. These new factors include greater impact on patient care, new space for innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, increased patient contact, becoming master diagnosticians, and greater opportunity for global health initiatives, among others. Finally, since medical students view mentorship as a critical resource when deciding their career path, medical educators must also be cognizant of these changes and not give much credence to the prevalent fearmongering. As the field and practice of radiology continue to undergo significant change due to AI, it is urgent and necessary for the conversation to expand from expert to expert to expert to student. Medical students should be encouraged to choose radiology specifically because of the changes brought on by AI rather than being deterred by it.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled hypertonic saline solutions in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ilchenko S.I. , Fialkovska A.O. , Skriabinа K.V. , Ivanus S.G.
Published: October 2022

Background. Inhaled hypertonic saline solutions (IHSS) are included in the list of mandatory prescriptions in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, some patients with CF may develop bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), which may be the cause of violation of the treatment protocol. The purpose is to study the state of bronchial reactivity to IHSS and its dependence on the clinical, functional and microbiological features of CF course in children. Materials and methods. Forty children with CF were examined. All of them underwent general clinical, molecular genetic, laboratory and microbiological examination. Instrumental methods included spirometry, measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, X-ray and computer tomography of the chest. To determine the individual tolerance of inhalations of hypertonic sodium chloride solution (HSCS), the research protocol proposed by E.P. Dellon et al. was used. Results. According to the results of the research protocol, 17 (42.5 %) patients with CF had BHR to HSCS. The highest frequency of BHR was found in children with a severe CF course. There was no dependence of BHR in CF patients on allergic pathology and a burdened allergic history. Assessment of the tolerance of HSCS before prescribing basic therapy is important. Early functional signs of BHR, which may require the preventive administration of short-acting β2-agonists when using HSCS in children with CF, are as follows: reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 second by 7 % and maximal expiratory flow at 25 % by 6 % when using 3% HSCS. Conclusions. The presence of BHR in patients with CF may interfere with adequate basic therapy by inhalation. The prescription of IHSS to patients with CF should be personalized with the determination of individual sensitivity of a person to predict a positive therapeutic effect.
Mechanisms of action of cytoplasmic miRNAs. Part 4. Recruitment of the DCP1-DCP2 decapping complex. Mechanisms of final mRNA degradation
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Babуch V.L.
Published: October 2022

This scientific review deals with the mechanisms of action of cytoplasmic microRNAs, namely post-transcriptional silencing: recruitment of the DCP1-DCP2 decapping complex and disruption of the interaction of mRNA with ribosomes. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka databases. The authors indicate that the key process that determines both mRNA stability and expression efficiency is the removal of the 5’-terminal cap. Decapping of mRNA is controlled by several direct and indirect regulators. The DCP1-DCP2 complex can be recruited directly to mRNA and indirectly with the help of several decapping enhancers: PAT1 directly interacts with DCP1 and the decapping stimulator; EDC, DDX6. It is known that the protein DCP2 (Nudt20) is a representative of the conserved subfamily of Nudix hydrolases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of small nucleotide substrates. It is presented that the DCP1 protein is a small molecule that contains the EVH1 (enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology 1) domain, which usually acts as a protein-protein interaction module, and a C-terminal trimerization domain. It is known that the DCP1-DCP2 complex exists in an open and closed conformation, with the closed conformation having catalytic activity. DCP2 protein and its enhancer and cofactor partners accumulate in P-bodies. The authors indicate that in P-bodies, 5’-monophosphorylated mRNA is finally cleaved under the action of 5’-3’-exoribonuclease XRN1. XRN exoribonucleases are vital enzymes whose gene deletion is accompanied by intraembryonic lethality against the background of various abnormalities in the development of organs and systems. Thus, recruitment of the DCP1-DCP2 decapping complex and disruption of the interaction of mRNA with ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell are mechanisms of post-transcriptional silencing. The stability of the mRNA and the efficiency of expression determines the removal of the 5’ end cap. Termination of translation is caused by mRNA. MicroRNA-mediated degradation of this mRNA can be carried out both in the 3’-5’ and 5’-3’ directions of the molecule.
A Computational Design of siRNA in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Gene and Its Binding Capability toward mRNA
Authors: Parikesit Arli Aditya , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Kharisma Viol Dhea
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 pandemic has no immediate ending in sight, and any significant increasing cases were observed worldwide. Currently, there are only two main strategies for developing COVID-19 drugs that predominantly use a proteomics-based approach, which are drug repurposing and herbal medicine strategies. However, a third strategy has existed, called small interfering RNA or siRNA, which is based on the transcriptomics approach. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is expected to perform by silencing the viral gene, which brings the surface glycoprotein (S) gene responsible for SARS-CoV-2 viral attachment to the ACE2 receptor on the human host cell. This third approach applies a molecular simulation method comprising data retrieval, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree depiction, 2D/3D structure prediction, and RNA-RNA molecular docking. The expected results are the prediction of 2D and 3D structures of both siRNA and mRNA silenced S genes along with a complex as the result of a docking method formed by those silenced genes. An Insilco chemical interaction study was performed in testing siRNA and mRNA complex’s stability with the confirmation result of a stable complex which is expected to be formed before mRNA reaches the ribosome for the translation process. Thus, siRNA from the S gene could be considered a candidate for the COVID-19 therapeutic agent.
Application of Carbon Dots as Corrosion Inhibitor: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Baari Muhamad Jalil , Pratiwi Ravensky Yurianty
Published: October 2022

Corrosion is spontaneity and unavoidable reactions which cause degradation in the quality of the materials. Most industries have been harmed by the corrosion of manufacturing equipment. Several methods can be applied to control this problem. The use of corrosion inhibitors is an effective and practical way to decrease metal deterioration significantly. Many commercial inorganic and organic compounds are effective inhibitors, but most of them are not completely safe and relatively expensive. Carbon dots and their derivatives are potential compounds for resolving corrosion reactions on metal surfaces. Carbon dots can be synthesized from various natural sources to be more environmentally friendly. This systematic review aims to summarize the concept of corrosion, types of carbon dots-based corrosion inhibitor and their effectiveness on various metals, inhibition mechanism, surface analysis of the protected metals, kinetics, thermodynamics, and quantum computational chemistry studies. This review also presents the significance and the prospects of carbon dots-based corrosion inhibitors.
Optimization of Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for ATP Detection Using Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode/Gold Nanoparticles (SPCE/AuNP)
Authors: Mulyani Rahmaniar , Yumna Nida , Maksum Iman Permana , Subroto Toto , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical biosensors are used to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as regulating cellular metabolism and biochemical pathways. Therefore, this research aims to develop an aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor with Screen Printed Carbon Electrode/gold nanoparticles (SPCE/AuNP) and collect data as well as information related to ATP detection. The modification of SPCE with AuNP increased the analyte’s binding sensitivity and biocompatibility. The aptamer was selected based on its excellent bioreceptor characteristics. Furthermore, aptamer–SH (F1) and aptamer-NH2 (F2) were immobilized on the SPCE/AuNP surface, which had been characterized using SEM, EIS, and DPV. Also, the ATP-binding aptamers were electrochemically characterized using the K3[Fe(CN)6] redox system and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). According to the optimization results using the Box-Behnken experimental design, the ideal conditions obtained from the factors influencing the experiment were the F1 concentration and incubation time of 4 µM and 24 h, respectively, as well as F1/F2/ATP incubation time of 7.5 min. Meanwhile, for the range of 0.1 to 100 µM, the detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) limits were 7.43 and 24.78 µM, respectively. Therefore, this aptasensor method can be used to measure ATP levels in real samples.
Effect of Sensitive pH on Hydroxyapatite Properties Synthesized from Chicken Eggshell
Authors: Irwansyah Ferli Septi , Yusuf Azhari , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty , Risdiana Risdiana , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika
Published: October 2022

The hydrothermal method has effectively synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA). This study aimed to analyze the effect of pH on the properties (purity, crystallinity, and size) of HA crystals. HA synthesis of chicken eggshells was carried out using the hydrothermal method at temperatures of 230 °C with pH 9 and 9.34. The characteristics of HA are determined by XRF, XRD, FTIR, and TEM. The composition of the most significant compound obtained from the results of XRF analysis is CaO (97.5%). The XRD analysis showed that the purity of HA with pH 9.00 and 9.34 obtained was 97.8 and 96.6%, with the crystallinity of 56.46 and 56.96%. It was also obtained that the size of crystal HA was 21.8 and 15.7 nm for samples synthesized at pH 9.00 and 9.34. The results showed that the purity and size of HA were affected by differences in the pH synthesis and were relatively the same for its crystallinity which directly affects the value lattice parameter. The properties of HA produced by the hydrothermal method have met the criteria for biomedical applications.
Polyvinyl Alcohol-Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogel Containing Anti-inflammatory Agent
Authors: Asri Lia Amelia Tresna Wulan , Anindya Athiya , Kartika Yuni Eva , Puspitasari Dita , Triadhi Untung , Ardy Husaini
Published: October 2022

Hydrogel wound dressings were developed through cross-linking reactions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with glutaraldehyde and by the addition of diclofenac sodium and rutin as anti-inflammatory agents. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added to improve mechanically and release properties. CNC was isolated from pineapple leaf fibers through the ammonium persulfate method resulting in a mixture of rod-like whisker and spherical morphology. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are increasing with the addition of CNC. Hydrogels containing 8% CNC exhibited 7.266 N/mm2 tensile strength, 156.3% maximum strain, and 700.3 N/mm2 elastic modulus. Drug release tests containing sodium diclofenac were done by taking incubated phosphate buffer saline samples in a pH 7.4 environment and showed that all CNC variations tested are controllable for the first 30 min compared to the sample without CNC. Sodium diclofenac is easily eluted from hydrogel due to its polar properties, and all samples almost demonstrated the same release profile. PVA hydrogels showed fluctuating concentrations of diclofenac compared to others. While hydrogels containing rutin showed a controlled release mode, the addition of CNC in PVA resulted in a slower release of rutin, possibly due to the better binding between CNC and rutin. To conclude, CNC has successfully improved the performance of PVA hydrogels, including the drug release properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxypropanoic Acid (2,4-DP) Herbicide Interleaved into Calcium-Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide and the Study of Controlled Release Formulation
Authors: Bohari Farah Liyana , Mohd Noor Nur Aishah , Sheikh Mohd Ghazali Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin , Dzulkifli Nur Nadia , Fatimah Is , Adam Nurain
Published: October 2022

The commonly used herbicide in agriculture, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropanoic acid (2,4-DP), is an anionic herbicide used to interleave into the interlayer of calcium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Ca-Al LDH) employing co-precipitation method to form a new nanohybrid labeled as CAL-2,4DP. The LDH compound serves as a host in supporting the herbicide’s controlled release formulation. The effective interleave was investigated by employing a powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern at 0.025 M nanocomposite, which revealed that the basal spacing has increased from 8.0 Å to 23.8 Å. The ATR-FTIR spectra further supported the interleaving, where the nitrate peak (NO−) diminished, and the carboxylate ion (COO−) band appeared at 1653 cm−1. The percentage loading of CAL-2,4DP was 71.26%, calculated from the carbon content in the sample. The BET analysis shows that CAL-2,4DP was a mesoporous material relying on nitrogen-desorption isotherms. The release of 2,4-DP ions into the aqueous solutions followed the order of PO43− > CO32− > Cl− with a percentage of 83, 65, and 30%, respectively. This work indicates the successful interleaving process of the 2,4-DP anion and the potential of CAL-2,4DP as an eco-friendly agrochemical that can be beneficial for farmers in minimizing herbicide usage to the environment.
Assessing the Carbon Footprint and Carbon Mitigation Measures of a Major Full-Service Network Airline: A Case Study of Singapore Airlines
Authors: Baxter Glenn
Published: October 2022

In this qualitative longitudinal case study, Singapore Airlines carbon footprint is examined for the period covering the company’s 2010/11 to 2021/22 financial years. The study’s qualitative data was examined by document analysis. The case study found that Singapore Airline’s carbon footprint is comprised of its Scope 1 direct emissions that are produced from the provision of its passenger and air cargo services together with the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission produced from the ground service equipment and vehicles used in its ground operations. The carbon footprint also includes its Scope 2 indirect emissions, which are produced from the airline’s consumption of electricity at its Singapore hub. Singapore Airlines has implemented a very comprehensive environmental policy and has pledged to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050. The largest source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is from the airline’s passenger services. Singapore Airlines has implemented extensive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction measures that have focused on the reduction in aircraft weight, and highly efficient fuel management procedures. Other key carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction measures include improved operational procedures, the optimization of air space management in collaboration with key air traffic control agencies, the use of cleaner energy vehicles, an extensive range of energy efficiency measures in its buildings and facilities, the use of sustainable aviation fuels, and the use of more energy efficient ground power sources. In addition, the acquisition and operation of the state-of-the art, next generation aircraft, such as the Airbus A350-900XWB and the Boeing 787-10 have helped the airline to mitigate its carbon footprint.
A Review Paper on Cyber Harassment Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithm on Social Networking Website
Authors: Sambare Miss. Sneha Gajanan , Haridas Dr. Sanjay. L.
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Cyber bullying is nothing but bullying with the use of digital technology. Cyber bullying can take place on social media platforms, messaging platforms, gaming platforms and mobile phones etc. Cyber bullying is a big issue that is encountered by the individual on internet that affects teenagers as well as adults. It has lead to nuisances like suicide, mental health problems and depression. Therefore regulation of content on Social media platforms has become a growing need. Also detecting Cyber bullying detection at early stages can help to alleviate impacts on the victims. In the following research we make use of data from two different data sets. The first one is tweets from Twitter and second one is comments based on personal attacks from Wikipedia forums. The approach is to build a model based on detection of cyber bullying in text data using Natural Language Processing and Machine learning. We try to build a model which will provide accuracy up to 90% for tweets and accuracy up to 80% for Wikipedia forums. Cyber bullying detection will be done as a binary classification problem where we are detecting two major form of cyber bullying: hate speech on Twitter and Personal attacks on Wikipedia and classifying them as containing Cyber bullying or not. The end result of this proposed work may reduce negative impacts on the victims as a result of early detection.
Disability and Indian Cinema: A Paradigm Shift in Bollywood from being Neglected to being in the Limelight
Authors: Das Biplab , Bhattacharjee Sneha
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Disability, according to medical terms, is a condition which is hard to compare to others. The issue of disability is neglected and lacks a lot of awareness among people. Indian cinema especially Bollywood is known for making films on different issues and they have made a lot of movies based on this. Unfortunately, the portrayal was negative or comic and ignored and many are shown weak and rely on a person who is physically fit. Most of the films were nothing but just making films for commercial interest. It is really important to promote awareness and real-life issues faced by them. This paper will explore the shift from being neglected to becoming the centre of attention where they become path-breakers, who are confident, and strong. With reference to the famous characters like-Naina from Hichki (2018), Rizwan from My Name is Khan (2010) and the most popular character Akash from Andhadhun (2018), this paper will give an insight into how these characters are different from the other characters and whether Bollywood was successful or not in order to showcase their characters in a different form, how they are bringing a different form within the films mentioned.