bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suspended Attitudes: Exclusion and Emotional Disengagement from School
Authors: Pyne Jaymes
Published: December 2018

We know far less about the unintended social-psychological consequences of out-of-school suspensions on students than we do of the academic, behavioral, and civic consequences. Drawing on theories of socialization and deviance, I explore how suspension events influence students’ emotional engagement in school through changes in their attitudes. Using longitudinal middle school survey data connected to individual student administrative records, I find that students who receive out-of-school suspensions are psychologically vulnerable prior to their removal from school. Accounting for demographic characteristics of students, prior year disciplinary involvement, and students’ beginning-of-year attitudes, I find suspensions might further harm students by negatively changing their academic identities and perceptions of adults in school. A series of robustness checks add nuance and strengthen the claims I infer from the main analyses. I close by discussing how the engagement-related consequences of suspension inform social theory and educational policy.
Acoustic performance prediction of anechoic layer using identified viscoelastic parameters
Authors: Tao Meng , Ye Hanfeng , Zhao Xuefeng
Published: December 2018

In this work, the acoustic performance of an anechoic layer, which contains horizontally-distributed cylindrical holes, has been studied using identified viscoelastic dynamic parameters. First, the reflection coefficients of two different viscoelastic anechoic layers (one solid and the other perforated), tested in a water-filled pipe, have been used to develop the identification method for viscoelastic dynamic parameters. In the proposed method, the complex longitudinal wavenumber and the complex transverse wavenumber can be obtained by solving the characteristic equation of viscoelastic cylindrical tube. Then, simulations have been performed using COMSOL software to predict the acoustic performance of the anechoic layer. Based on the model and the identified viscoelastic parameters, the effects of different structural properties, including the radius of hole, the hole horizontal spacing, and the arrangements of holes, on the sound absorption of anechoic layer have been analyzed and discussed. Particularly, the acoustic performance of an anechoic layer under oblique incidence has also been considered.
Robot-assisted pedestrian flow control of a controlled pedestrian corridor
Authors: Shan Liang , Chang Lu , Xu Siyuan , Jiang Chao , Guo Yi
Published: December 2018

Pedestrian evacuation and modification of traffic facilities were previously studied to increase the traffic efficiency and the safety of pedestrians. In this article, we first design a new robot-assisted pedestrian control scheme. We consider a different scenario that the inflow of all the entrances to the corridor can be controlled by mobile robots. Based on the collected image data of the experimental corridor, we obtain the regulated pedestrian velocity and build the relationship function between the adjustable motion frequency of the robot and the regulated pedestrian velocity. To achieve the optimal traffic flow in the designed scenario, we set up the macroscopic pedestrian model for the modified unidirectional pedestrian corridor with several controlled entrances. The pedestrian inflow of each entrance is controlled by adjusting the motion frequency of the robot moving in a transverse direction. Then the state feedback controller is designed and the stability of the controller is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The theoretical analysis guides the movement of robots. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the controlled pedestrian system. Our study can flexibly manage the pedestrian flow by applying advanced robotics technology on macro level, which can provide ideal global control effect.
Patients’ hopes for recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome: Toward a “recovery in” framework
Authors: Devendorf Andrew R , Brown Abigail A , Jason Leonard A
Published: December 2018

Objective

There is no consensus on recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome, which has spawned debates when interpreting outcome research. Within these debates, the patient voice is often neglected. This study aimed to understand how patients conceptualize recovery – regarding the definition and possibility of recovery.

Method

We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10 older (above age 50) female patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome. Data were analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis.

Results

Our sample viewed recovery as functioning without fear of relapse, returning to previous roles and identities, and achieving a sustained absence of symptoms. Participants expressed skepticism that reaching recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome exists but working toward significant improvement through coping is a viable goal. Although many accepted they would never reclaim full functioning, participants continued to experience uncertainty about their future with unclear prognostic goals and limited treatment options.

Discussion

Recovery is more than just symptom reduction. Outcome research should incorporate well-being measures like identity, meaning and quality of life, and personal empowerment to enhance recovery definitions. When communicating treatment goals, providers might convey cautious optimism for complete symptom remission, while emphasizing that living a fulfilling life through effective coping strategies is possible.
Statistical Analysis Plan for EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) trial
Authors: Churilov Leonid , Ma Henry , Campbell Bruce CV , Davis Stephen M , Donnan Geoffrey A
Published: December 2018

Background

EXtending the time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits (EXTEND) is a randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial to test the hypothesis of extending the thrombolysis time window to 9 h from stroke onset and in wake-up stroke (WUS) patients.

Objective

To formulate the detailed statistical analysis plan for the EXTEND trial prior to database lock. This statistical analysis plan is based on the published and registered EXTEND trial protocol and is developed by the blinded steering committee and management team.

Results

The developed EXTEND statistical analysis plan is transparent, verifiable, and predetermined before the database lock. It is consistent with reporting standards for clinical trials and provides for clear and open reporting.

Conclusions

Publication of a statistical analysis plan serves to reduce potential trial analysis and reporting bias and outlines pre-specified analyses to quantify the benefits and harms of extending the thrombolysis time window to 9 h from stroke onset and in wake-up stroke patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00887328 registered 23/Apr/2009 and NCT01580839 (EXTEND International) registered 19/Apr/2012
Run, lift, or both? Associations between concurrent aerobic–muscle strengthening exercise with adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers among Korean adults
Authors: Bennie Jason A , Ding Ding , Khan Asaduzzaman , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Biddle Stuart JH , Kim Junghoon
Published: December 2018

Background

Clinical exercise interventions show that combining moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and muscle strengthening exercise (MSE) has more favourable cardiometabolic health benefits than engaging in only one mode of physical activity. However, few studies have examined these associations among community-based samples and none among Asian adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis included 9120 participants aged 20–80 years from the 2014–2015 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Fasting blood samples were analysed for adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g. high glucose/glycohaemoglobin/triglycerides) and MVPA and MSE were assessed using validated questionnaires. Poisson regression models examined the association between the individual and total number of adverse biomarkers across categories of MVPA–MSE guideline adherence (met neither (reference); met MSE only; met MVPA only; met both) and prevalence ratios are reported adjusted for covariates (e.g. age, education, smoking, waist circumference and sitting time).

Results

The mean ± SD age was 46.2 ± 16.3 years and 50.3% of the participants were women. Compared with meeting neither guideline, meeting both guidelines had the lowest prevalence ratios for four out of eight individual adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers. In a sex-stratified analysis of men, only meeting both guidelines had a lower prevalence ratio for ≥4 adverse biomarkers (prevalence ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.85). For women, the prevalence ratio for ≥4 adverse biomarkers was lowest among those meeting both guidelines (prevalence ratio 0.46; 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.66), followed by MSE only (prevalence ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.96) and MVPA only (prevalence ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.92).

Conclusions

Among a large sample of Korean adults, concurrent MVPA–MSE was independently associated with favourable cardiometabolic outcomes. This study supports public health action to promote adherence to MVPA–MSE guidelines to enhance cardiovascular health among Korean adults.
The Greek puzzle: A socio-political analysis of the current Greek crisis
Authors: Tsirigotis Dionysios
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to explain and understand the perennial socio-political and economic crisis in Greece that is undermining the welfare of society. The study is explicitly critical of the mainstream explanations and sets forth a new interpretation of the origin and development of the Greek state which is totally opposed to the modernity narrative of the nature and role of the modern nation-state. Thus, we identify the fundamental problem of Greek society, which relates to the separation of society from politics and the total control of the latter by the executive branch. In this regard, the current events – i.e. the financial and political crisis in European countries and in Greece in particular – can be seen as the outcome of the ‘unbridgeable chasm’ between rulers and ruled and of the spurious claim by the political elites that they represent public interest.
Ablation of miR-146b in mice causes hematopoietic malignancy
Authors: Mitsumura Takahiro , Ito Yoshiaki , Chiba Tomoki , Matsushima Takahide , Kurimoto Ryota , Tanaka Yoko , Kato Tomomi , Uchida Keisuke , Ito Takashi , Yamamoto Kouhei , Eishi Yoshinobu , Kitagawa Masanobu , Miyazaki Yasunari , Inase Naohiko , Asahara Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

Excessive and constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) leads to abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation, leading to the development of malignant tumors, including lymphoma. MicroRNA 146a (miR-146a) and miR-146b, both of which carry an identical seed sequence, have been shown to contribute to inflammatory diseases and tumors by suppressing the expression of key molecules required for NF-κB activation. However, the functional and physiological differences between miR-146a and miR-146b in disease onset have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we generated miR-146b–knockout (KO) and miR-146a–KO mice by genome editing and found that both strains developed hematopoietic malignancies such as B-cell lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia during aging. However, the B-cell lymphomas observed in miR-146a– and miR-146b–KO mice were histologically different in their morphology, and the malignancy rate is lower in miR-146b mice than miR-146a mice. Upon mitogenic stimulation, the expression of miR-146a and miR-146b was increased, but miR-146b expression was lower than that of miR-146a. Using a previously developed screening system for microRNA targets, we observed that miR-146a and miR-146b could target the same mRNAs, including TRAF6, and inhibit subsequent NF-κB activity. Consistent with these findings, both miR-146a– and miR-146b–KO B cells showed a high proliferative capacity. Taken together, sustained NF-κB activation in miR-146b KO mice could lead to the development of hematopoietic malignancy with aging.
Effective Weight Loss and Maintenance by Intensive Start with Diet and Exercise
Authors: KAIKKONEN KAISU M. , SALTEVO SAANA S. , KORPELAINEN JUHA T. , VANHALA MARJA L. , JOKELAINEN JARI J. , KORPELAINEN RAIJA I. , KEINÄNEN-KIUKAANNIEMI SIRKKA M.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

This 24-month study aimed to determine whether exercise intervention added to weight loss treatment at 6 months is effective for weight loss and maintenance.

Methods

A total of 120 obese subjects (body mass index > 30) were randomly assigned to intensified behavioral modification (iBM) (n= 30), behavioral modification + exercise from 0 to 3 months (circuit weight training group 1 [CWT1]) (n= 30), behavioral modification + exercise from 6 to 9 months (CWT2) (n= 30), and a control group (CON) (n= 30). Health behavior, weight, waist circumference, and 2-h glucose tolerance test with insulin measurements were measured at 0, 3, 9, and 24 months.

Results

Eighty-five subjects (mean age = 46 yr, body mass index = 36.3, 75.3% women) completed the trial. A significant weight loss occurred in CWT1 (−8.5 kg,P> 0.001), iBM (−5.5 kg,P> 0.001), and CWT2 (−4.4 kg,P= 0.007). CWT1 showed the highest reduction in waist circumference at 9 months (mean difference = −11.5 cm,P< 0.001) and 24 months (mean difference = −8.8 cm,P< 0.001). Both fasting and 2-h insulin values improved in the intervention groups compared with CON. A significant decrease in 2-h insulin values from baseline was found in CWT1 and CWT2. Matsuda index improved in the CWT1 group from the baseline to 24 months (2.03,P= 0.025).

Conclusion

The most effective weight loss regimen is a combination of iBM and weight training introduced from the very beginning of the weight loss period. Treatment of morbid obesity should include an intensive start with exercise and diet regardless of weight status.
Adopting a shared governance model to improve nurses' working environments
Authors: Ayaad Omar , Alloubani Aladeen , Thiab Fouad , Yousef Danah , Banat Belal
Published: December 2018

Background:

Adopting shared governance in nursing is considered a strategic tool that can enhance both nurse and patient satisfaction and will, in turn, improve nurses' work life.

Aim:

To compare the differences in nurses' perceptions of the quality of the work environment between hospitals that had adopted to use shared governance and those that had not.

Method:

A cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative design was used. Two hospitals were selected, one of them had adopted a shared governance approach at both the unit and departmental level and the other was a hospital that had not adopted shared governance.

Results:

From November 2017 to January 2018, 470 questionnaires were completed by nurses across the two hospitals, 330 of them were working in a hospital that had adopted shared governance. There is a statistically significant difference in how nurses percieve their work-life balance between the two hospitals (t=9.62; P=>0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was recognised between the Perception of Quality of Work Life score and all subdomains of nurses' perceptions.

Conclusion:

The adoption of a shared governance model in the nursing department has a significant impact on improving the quality of the working life of a nurse.
A 6 Second Analytical Method for Quantitation of Tacrolimus in Whole Blood by Use of Laser Diode Thermal Desorption Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Merrigan Stephen D , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L
Published: December 2018

Background

Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs is imperative for organ transplant recipients. High-performance LC-MS/MS is considered gold standard; however, immunoassays provide rapid turnaround time. New technology was developed to reduce mass spectrometry analytical run-time. The laser diode thermal desorption source coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LDTD-MS/MS) eliminates chromatographic separation to increase analytical throughput.

Methods

A rapid, 6 second, LDTD-MS/MS analytical method was developed for the quantification tacrolimus in whole blood. Whole blood samples were lysed, followed by protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction. Extracted samples with desorption solution were spotted onto a LazWell plate then dried and loaded into the LDTD source for analysis with an AB SCIEX 5500 mass spectrometer in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The LDTD laser profile ramps from 0% to 65% of full power over 3 s and is held at 65% for 1 s before returning to initial conditions for 2 s.

Results

Data presented include tacrolimus by LDTD-MS/MS comparison to LC-MS/MS, sensitivity, imprecision, interference, linearity, and stability. Method comparison between LDTD-MS/MS and a validated in-house LC-MS/MS assay yielded the following: (LDTD-MS/MS) = 1.119 (LC-MS/MS) + 0.23 ng/mL, Sy/x = 1.26, r = 0.9871 (n = 122). The limit of quantification by LDTD-MS/MS for tacrolimus was <0.3 ng/mL and total imprecision was <10%.

Conclusions

Laser diode thermal desorption tandem mass spectrometry technology can provide rapid turnaround time to result for tacrolimus. The analytical time for LDTD-MS/MS was 6 s compared to 135 s by LC-MS/MS, a >95% decrease in analytical time.
From Architectural Entities to Social Spaces: Redefining the Notions of Takiyeh and Takiyeh Dowlat
Authors: Rezvani-Naraghi Ashkan
Published: December 2018

This article demonstrates how the production of an architectural discourse through the works of nineteenth-century European travellers and orientalists has had a long-term effect on the studies of takiyeh spaces in Iranian cities, where mourning ceremonies were held during the month of Muharram. By analysing takiyehs as fluid social spaces, rather than as fixed architectural sites, this article argues that the co-presence of social relations was the main criterion for the production of takiyehs and the physical and architectural manifestations were the byproducts of the sociality of spaces. Moreover, it shows that the Royal Takiyeh of Tehran, Takiyeh Dowlat, became a flexible sociopolitical concept that had various architectural manifestations in different times. In contrast to the general assumption that a giant circular building in late nineteenth-century Tehran constituted the sole takiyeh dowlat, this article argues that takiyeh dowlat was a well-established sociopolitical practice that can be traced back to the early nineteenth century. Through these investigations, this article suggests that instead of applying foreign architectural discourses to nineteenth-century Iran, social analysis provides an alternative framework for understanding social spaces in nineteenth-century Iranian cities.
Parallel Processes: Spatial Production at Aceh’s Baiturrahman Mosque
Authors: Nichols Julie
Published: December 2018

This article examines the Baiturrahman Mosque in Banda Aceh and its similarities of spatial production from precolonial to colonial periods, initially under Sultan Iskandar Muda and later under the Dutch administration. To what extent does the shift in spatial production at the Baiturrahman Mosque from its seventeenth-century vernacular design to its rebuilding by the Dutch in the nineteenth century reveal a parallel narrative of identity construction? ‘Difference’ typified historical relations between the Dutch and Acehnese, yet over time the mosque’s architecture together with the spatiality of prayer inscribed meaning at the site for Banda Aceh’s community. The Baiturrahman Mosque’s various incarnations represent cases whereby similarities in processes of spatial production enabled the building to endure despite adverse socio-political circumstances. This article highlights the potential of built space to recast associations of spiritual upheaval and colonial occupation in ways that reveal intricate historical narratives and provide a model for the future production of influential and enduring architecture.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Schneider Jack , Schwerda Mira Xenia
Published: December 2018

MOUNIRA AL SOLH: I STRONGLY BELIEVE IN OUR RIGHT TO BE FRIVOLOUS, THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, IL, FEBRUARY 8, 2018–APRIL 29, 2018

THE PRINCE AND THE SHAH: ROYAL PORTRAITS FROM QAJAR IRAN, FREER SACKLER GALLERIES, WASHINGTON DC, FEBRUARY 24–AUGUST 5, 2018
Précis
Authors: Baş Işıl
Published: December 2018

MODERN BODIES: DRESS, NATION, EMPIRE, SEXUALITY AND GENDER IN THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST, LEBANESE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, MARCH 15, 2018
Reflections on Architectural Education of the Muslim World within a global World
Authors: Salama Ashraf M.
Published: December 2018

This commentary is premised on more than three decades of research into architectural education and design pedagogy. It argues that architectural education in the Muslim world must be able to operate effectively within the global condition. It contends that the body of knowledge on architectural education can be enriched and its scope can be expanded when both historical and contemporary imperatives are clearly contextualized. The text raises important questions for future discussions on this theme. Notwithstanding, the article discusses some of the negative idiosyncrasies that follow models inherited from the past and adopt techniques practiced by their Western counterparts. It proposes a framework for incorporating Appreciative Inquiry (AI) as a paradigm for critical consciousness and the way in which key techniques can be utilized. The thrust is that these techniques offer students learning opportunities that invigorate their capabilities to shift from passive listeners to active learners and from knowledge consumers to knowledge producers.
Destruction as Layered Event: Twentieth Century Ruins in the Great Mosque of Gaza
Authors: Osheroff Eli , Halevy Dotan
Published: December 2018

The destruction of architectural and archeological sites by ISIS in 2014–2015 exposed conflicting, yet co-constitutive, perceptions of the historical past, its material remains, and the relevance of both for modernity. This claim is valid for ISIS’s destruction campaign, as it took place in sites already celebrated for their former ruination. Destruction emerges out of these sites as historically multi-layered, just like the loci it is inflicted upon. In this paper we thus argue that events of destruction should be similarly excavated to reveal their historical stratigraphy and to illuminate critical aspects not obvious to the first, shocked, glance. We demonstrate this argument through two events of destruction that occurred in the Great Mosque of Gaza in the twentieth century. Firstly, we examine the shelling of the mosque during the First World War to show how debris of war may be transformed into artistic and literary displays. Secondly, we analyze an intellectual debate over a Jewish candelabrum engraving on one of the mosque’s pillars and its later defacement. By so doing, we question the motivations preceding acts of destruction, especially in relation to their portrayal by the destructors themselves, and expose the making of historical relics into evidence of violence.
Claiming the Classical Past: Ottoman Archaeology at Lagina
Authors: Herring Amanda
Published: December 2018

In 1891 and 1892, an Ottoman team led by Osman Hamdi Bey, director of the Imperial Museum in Istanbul, conducted the first archaeological excavations of the site of Lagina in western Anatolia. Lagina was home in the ancient period to the Temple of Hekate. Constructed in the Hellenistic period, the temple was the only monumental sanctuary to the chthonic goddess Hekate in the ancient world. This article examines the excavations at Lagina within their original context in the late Ottoman Empire, considering contemporary politics surrounding archaeology and the collection of antiquities. It argues that the campaigns at Lagina represent a pivotal moment in the history of Ottoman archaeology. While the dig at Lagina was not the first archaeological excavation conducted on behalf of the Ottoman state, it was the first that was part of a larger program that involved long-term scientific excavation, a new model of collaboration with European colleagues, and a plan for the monumental recreation of the Temple of Hekate in Istanbul. Building upon both European archaeological models and precedents established during his work at Nemrud Dağı (Mount Nemrut) and Sidon, Osman Hamdi established a new template for Ottoman archaeology with his work at Lagina.
La transición institucional del reglamentarismo al abolicionismo acerca de la prostitución en la prensa gráfica de Río Gallegos, Argentina
Authors: Behrens Romina-Alejandra
Published: December 2018

En Río Gallegos (sur de la Patagonia Argentina) hubo una época en la que los prostíbulos estaban instalados en terrenos fiscales cedidos por la Intendencia local y se controlaban mediante regulaciones asociadas al reglamentarismo. A eso continuó una adaptación institucional que implicó la profundización del modelo abolicionista nacional –a partir de la ley de trata de personas del 2008 y su modificación en el 2012– en una región periférica con una fuerte tradición reglamentarista. En este sentido, pensamos la historia de la prostitución en Río Gallegos a partir de los cambios históricos en la regulación de la prostitución a nivel nacional y local. De esta manera, nos interesa atender a los cambios discursivos a partir de las representaciones que construyen los medios de comunicación y que se basan en fuentes institucionales, políticas, policiales y de organizaciones sociales. Observar esta transición institucional nos permite comprender cómo se redefinen los horizontes discursivos en torno a los significados de la prostitución a partir de los cambios legislativos y de las transformaciones culturales sobre los modos en los que se conciben los cuerpos de las mujeres.
Un debate adulterado: distribución del poder simbólico en las disputas feministas en torno a la prostitución
Authors: Sánchez-Perera Paula
Published: December 2018

Con frecuencia, el debate feminista español en torno a la prostitución se representa como una polarización de posturas incapaces de alcanzar algún consenso puesto que expresarían cosmovisiones radicalmente divergentes sobre el fenómeno. Con el fin de complejizar la descripción de la polémica, en este ensayo trato de analizar las relaciones de poder en las que se enmarca el debate a partir del pensamiento de Pierre Bourdieu y eventos ocurridos entre 2017-2018. Para ello, se propone la hipótesis de caracterizar al feminismo como un campo bourdieuano, describiendo la distribución de capitales que da cuenta de un reparto desigual del poder simbólico. Seguidamente, se expone la conformidad entre el habitus de género y el discurso abolicionista dominante que se reproduce en la polémica. Por último, me centro en la dominación lingüística como área en la que mejor se expresan los efectos del acuerdo entre habitus y campo, es decir, el ejercicio de la violencia simbólica. En consecuencia se abordan los mecanismos de censura, la dominación afectiva, el sesgo de confirmación y la falacia por la representación.
Ist das Letztgültige wirklich „ein Gegenstand neben anderen“?
Authors: Schüßler Werner
Published: December 2018

Based on the dictum of Tillich: “There is no ‘urtext’ with me,” the article raises the question of the authenticity of Tillich’s texts. Recourse to the first editions proves to be inadequate, especially with regard to the English texts, since these texts have been corrected by third parties, which has often led to errors. Thus it is usually necessary to use the manuscripts and typescripts, and sometimes also the translation of the English texts into German, since Tillich here often also made changes to the English text.
Strong rate of convergence for the Euler–Maruyama approximation of one-dimensional stochastic differential equations involving the local time at point zero
Authors: Benabdallah Mohsine , Hiderah Kamal
Published: December 2018

We present the Euler–Maruyama approximation for one-dimensional stochastic differential equations involving the local time at point zero.
Also, we prove the strong convergence of the Euler–Maruyama approximation whose both drift and diffusion coefficients are Lipschitz.
After that, we generalize to the non-Lipschitz case.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ
2
N,N′)-bis(1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1,7-dicarboxylato-κ
3
O,O′:O′′) dicobalt(II) — ethanol (1/1), C34H46B20Co2N4O11
Authors: Xin Wang , Jinglan Kan , Liguo Yang , Yongsheng Niu , Haixiang Song , Dayong Tian , Linna Gao
Published: December 2018

C34H46B20Co2N4O11, triclinic, P1̄, a = 10.372(11) Å, b = 11.920(12) Å, c = 12.141(13) Å, α = 61.136(11)°, β = 85.699(10)°, γ = 67.497(11)°, V = 1203(2) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0410, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1065, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2,3-diphenyl-5,6-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazine, C30H24N2O2
Authors: Li Dongmi , Lianglu Juanzi , Peng Yuanyuan
Published: December 2018

C30H24N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.4545(6) Å, b = 21.0333(10) Å, c = 10.0604(5) Å, β =103.571(6)°, V = 2356.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0652, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1414, T = 289.3(7) K.
Temporal variability of enterococci and associated sources at three subtropical recreational beaches
Authors: León-López Claudia Esmeralda , Arreola-Lizárraga José Alfredo , Padilla-Arredondo Gustavo , Chávez-Villalba Jorge Eduardo , Mendoza-Salgado Renato Arturo , Méndez-Rodríguez Lía Celina , García-Hernández Jaqueline
Published: December 2018

We have examined enterococci concentrations in water and sand (dry and wet) at three semi-arid subtropical recreational beaches to assess public health risks. To determine the concentration of enterococci, water and sand samples were collected before, during and after the Easter Week (when the largest influx of users occurs), and in the wintertime. The lowest concentrations (< 100 MPN 100 ml-1) were recorded before the Easter Week, the highest concentrations (> 1500 MPN 100 ml-1) during and after the Easter Week, and concentrations < 500 MPN 100 ml-1 in the wintertime. Enterococci concentrations in sand were generally < 200 MPN 100 ml-1. Variability in enterococci concentrations can be explained by the influx of users during the Easter Week, rainfall runoff and the increase in water temperature after the Easter Week, as well as by winds and the presence of dogs and birds in the wintertime. The highest health risks occur during and after the Easter Week.
Die Rückkehr der ›Gesellschaft‹ in die Kulturwissenschaft
Authors: Peters Ursula
Published: December 2018

Coinciding with the cultural turn in the humanities, a critical discussion in literary studies has begun in recent years that relates to the problems of rejecting social questions and an associated turning away from social history. Against the backdrop of this debate, my research report offers an overview of the conceptual possibilities and methodological problems in a ›return of society‹ within medieval philology. This is based on three established research areas of socio-historical literary studies: postcolonial literary criticism, literary ecocriticism and literary economics.
Facile synthesis of new pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(1H)-ones via the tandem intramolecular Pinner–Dimroth rearrangement and their antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Dorostkar-Ahmadi Nadieh , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Tavakoli-Hoseini Niloofar , Behmadi Hossein , Nakhaei-Moghaddam Mahboobeh
Published: December 2018

Some new 7-alkyl-4,6-dihydropyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5(1H)-ones were prepared through heterocyclization of 6-amino-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles with aliphatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphoryl chloride under reflux in high yields. The suggested mechanism involves a tandem intramolecular Pinner–Dimroth rearrangement. The products were characterized on the basis of FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral and microanalytical data and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the disk diffusion method.
Probing Inclusion Complexes of Pentoxifylline and Pralidoxim inside Cyclic Oligosaccharides by Physicochemical Methodologies
Authors: Barman Biraj Kumar , Roy Kanak , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: December 2018

Structurally different Molecules namely Pentoxifylline and Pralidoxim were chosen along with α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin to study host-guest inclusion phenomena. The formations of host guest inclusion complexes were confirmed by studying 1H-NMR spectra, FT-IR spectra, apparent molar volume and viscosity co-efficient. The stabilities of inclusion complexes were compared calculating the binding constant from UV-VIS spectroscopic study. The 1:1 stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes were also determined by analysing the Jobs plot and surface tension data. The values for Gibbs’ free energy were found negative for both the processes. Based on all the above experiments the inclusion processes were found feasible for both the compounds. These types of inclusion complexes are of high interest in the field of research and industry as these are used as drug delivery systems.
Anthropogenic drying in central-southern Chile evidenced by long-term observations and climate model simulations
Authors: Boisier Juan P. , Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Cordero Raúl R. , Damiani Alessandro , Gallardo Laura , Garreaud René D. , Lambert Fabrice , Ramallo Cinthya , Rojas Maisa , Rondanelli Roberto
Published: December 2018

The socio-ecological sensitivity to water deficits makes Chile highly vulnerable to global change. New evidence of a multi-decadal drying trend and the impacts of a persistent drought that since 2010 has affected several regions of the country, reinforce the need for clear diagnoses of the hydro-climate changes in Chile. Based on the analysis of long-term records (50+ years) of precipitation and streamflow, we confirm a tendency toward a dryer condition in central-southern Chile (30–48°S). We describe the geographical and seasonal character of this trend, as well as the associated large-scale circulation patterns. When a large ensemble of climate model simulations is contrasted to observations, anthropogenic forcing appears as the leading factor of precipitation change. In addition to a drying trend driven by greenhouse gas forcing in all seasons, our results indicate that the Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion has played a major role in the summer rainfall decline. Although average model results agree well with the drying trend’s seasonal character, the observed change magnitude is two to three times larger than that simulated, indicating a potential underestimation of future projections for this region. Under present-day carbon emission rates, the drying pathway in Chile will likely prevail during the next decades, although the summer signal should weaken as a result of the gradual ozone layer recovery. The trends and scenarios shown here pose substantial stress on Chilean society and its institutions, and call for urgent action regarding adaptation measures.
Assay of steroids by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in monitoring 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Dahl Sandra R , Nermoen Ingrid , Brønstad Ingeborg , Husebye Eystein S , Løvås Kristian , Thorsby Per M
Published: December 2018

Immunoassays of steroid hormones are still used in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. However, cross-reactivity between steroids can give rise to falsely elevated steroid levels. Here, we compare the use of immunoassays and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in the monitoring of patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). Steroid profiles in different mutation groups (genotypes) were also compared. Fifty-five patients with classic 21OHD (38 women) were studied. Blood samples were collected in the morning after an overnight medication fast. LC–MS/MS and immunoassays were employed to assay 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), testosterone and androstenedione. In addition, 21-deoxycortisol (21DF), 11-deoxycortisol (11DF), corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, cortisone and cortisol were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Testosterone, androstenedione and 17OHP levels were consistently lower (by about 30–50%) when measured by LC–MS/MS compared with immunoassays, with exception of testosterone in men. There was a significant correlation between 21DF and 17OHP (r = 0.87, P < 0.001), but three patients had undetectable 21DF. Subjects with no enzyme activity had significantly lower mean 11DF concentrations than subjects with residual activity. The use of LC–MS/MS gives a more specific view of adrenal steroid levels in 21OHD compared with immunoassays, which seem to considerably overestimate the levels of 17OHP and androstenedione. Falsely elevated levels of 17OHP and androstenedione could lead to overtreatment with glucocorticoids.
Resistance to thyroid hormone-beta co-existing with partially empty sella in a Jordanian male
Authors: Al Mohareb Ohoud , Al Malki Mussa H , Mueller O Thomas , Brema Imad
Published: December 2018

Resistance to thyroid hormone-beta (RTHbeta) is a rare inherited syndrome characterized by variable reduced tissue responsiveness to the intracellular action of triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of the thyroid hormone. The presentation of RTHbeta is quite variable and mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-B) gene have been detected in up to 90% of patients. The proband was a 34-year-old Jordanian male who presented with intermittent palpitations. His thyroid function tests (TFTs) showed a discordant profile with high free T4 (FT4) at 45.7 pmol/L (normal: 12–22), high free T3 (FT3) at 11.8 pmol/L (normal: 3.1–6.8) and inappropriately normal TSH at 3.19 mIU/L (normal: 0.27–4.2). Work up has confirmed normal alpha subunit of TSH of 0.1 ng/mL (normal <0.5) and pituitary MRI showed no evidence of a pituitary adenoma; however, there was an interesting coincidental finding of partially empty sella. RTHbeta was suspected and genetic testing confirmed a known mutation in the THR-B gene, where a heterozygous A to G base change substitutes valine for methionine at codon 310. Screening the immediate family revealed that the eldest son (5 years old) also has discordant thyroid function profile consistent with RTHbeta and genetic testing confirmed the same M310V mutation that his father harbored. Moreover, the 5-year-old son had hyperactivity, impulsivity and aggressive behavior consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This case demonstrates an unusual co-existence of RTHbeta and partially empty sella in the same patient which, to our knowledge, has not been reported before.

Learning points:

We report the coincidental occurrence of RTHbeta and a partially empty sella in the same patient that has not been previously reported.

TFTs should be done in all children who present with symptoms suggestive of ADHD as RTHbeta is a common finding in these children.

The management of children with ADHD and RTHbeta could be challenging for both pediatricians and parents and the administration of T3 with close monitoring may be helpful in some cases.

Incidental pituitary abnormalities do exist in patients with RTHbeta, although extremely rare, and should be evaluated thoroughly and separately.
Decomiso: comentario crítica desde una perspectivas constitucional
Authors: Planchadell Gargallo Andrea , Vidales Rodrígues Caty
Published: December 2018

El decomiso ha experimentado una constante expansión que lo aleja a la figura inicialmente prevista. Dicha ampliación obedece al convencimiento de que constituye un instrumento especialmente útil para poner freno a ciertas formas de delincuencia. Sin negar esta aptitud, no puede dejar de denunciarse que en la transformación operada tras la aprobación de la Ley Orgánica 1/2015 y de la Ley 41/2015, los argumentos utilitaristas han primado sobre otro tipo de consideraciones y, lo que es más grave, esa pretendida eficacia pone en tela de juicio la vigencia de principios y garantías que nos parecen irrenunciables en un Estado de Derecho. Por ello, el principal objeto de este trabajo ha sido el de plantear las objeciones que, en sede constitucional, suscita la nueva regulación y que pudieran empañar su validez.
El delito de enaltecimiento terrorista. ¿Instrumento de lucha contra el peligroso discurso del odio terrorista o mecanismo represor de repudiables mensajes de raperos, twitteros y titiriteros?
Authors: Muñoz Alfonso Galán
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo se analiza el delito de enaltecimiento del terrorismo y de humillación de sus víctimas. Este delito es uno de los numerosos y controvertidos instrumentos creados por  el legislador penal español para luchar contra el discurso del odio terrorista; siendo posiblemente el que de forma más frecuente se ha utilizado por nuestros Tribunales con tal propósito. Precisamente, su uso reiterado por parte de nuestros tribunales ha dado lugar a una interesante evolución jurisprudencial que es analizada en este trabajo y que ha tratado de definir los contornos de dicho delito con el fin de conseguir que su prohibición resulte compatible con el necesario respeto y garantía de la libertad de expresión que debe brindar todo Estado democrático de Derecho que quiera ser tenido realmente como tal.
Actividad larvicida de aceites esenciales y extractos de plantas colombianas frente a Culex quinquefasciatus (Díptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Rosado-Solano Doris Natalia , Jaramillo-Pérez Víctor Mario , Kouznetsov Vladimir Valentinovich , Restrepo-Manrique Ricardo , Puerto-Galvis Carlos Eduardo , Vargas-Méndez Leonor Yamile
Published: December 2018

Los aceites esenciales y extractos de plantas,cultivadas de forma orgánica en la finca El Limonal Piedecuesta-Santander, Colombia, obtenidos por hidrodestilación asistida por microondas y percolación, se caracterizaron por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad insecticida se evaluó frente a larvas en tercer instar de Culex quinquefasciatus y en la enzima acetilcolinesterasa. La toxicidad se determinó en el modelo del pez cebra (Danio rerio). De ellos, el aceite esencial de Ruta graveolens fue el que presentó la mejor actividad larvicida, con CL50 7.20±0.19 μg/mL, una moderada inhibición de la enzima con IC50 44.98±1.1 μg/mL y moderada toxicidad con CL50 13.33±0.59 mg/L.
Contraste entre las cartas de control MR de Shewhart y Cusum Varianza en el monitoreo del potencial de hidrógeno en protectores de planta
Authors: Herrera-Acosta Roberto José , Wasinski-Zuñiga Richard Michael , Romero-Cabrera Indira Dayana
Published: December 2018

Uno de los aspectos más significativos para mejorar la calidad de los procesos es evitar el aumento de la variabilidad, por ello es importante el monitoreo continuo de la característica de calidad, que permita conocer su estado y comportamiento en el tiempo. Una de las principales herramientas son las cartas de control. Hawkins plantea un procedimiento para monitorear la variabilidad del proceso mediante cartas de control CUSUM. En este artículo se presenta su aplicación en la medida de variabilidad de los valores de pH en el uso de fungicidas; así, como los resultados sobre su desempeño en comparación con la carta de control de Shewhart, la cual no es tan efectiva para detectar corrimientos pequeños.
Mikrobaközösségek metabolikus aktivitása és 16S rRNS gén alapú filogenetikai diverzitása kukorica monokultúra rizoszféra-talajban
Authors: Ujvári Gergely , Borsodi Andrea , Aszalós Júlia Margit , Megyes Melinda , Mucsi Márton , Szabó Attila , Márialigeti Károly
Published: December 2018

E tanulmány célja egy martonvásári hosszútávú tartamkísérlet trágyázás nélkül művelt kukorica monokultúra talajában fellelhető baktériumközösségek filogenetikai diverzitásának és anyagcsere potenciáljának a felmérése volt. A kutatás során NGS és MicroResp™ technikával vizsgáltuk a művelt és a természeteshez közeli állapotú talajok mikrobiális jellemzőit.

Az NGS adatai alapján a kukorica monokultúra szántott rétegének mintáinak baktériumközösség szerkezete nagyfokú hasonlóságot mutatott egymással, és elkülönült a löszpusztagyep A és C rétegéből formálódó csoporttól, míg a kukorica monokultúra C szintjéből származó minta élesen elvált a többitől. A gyepek talajában nem találtunk nagyobb bakteriális taxonómiai diverzitást, mint a művelt talajokban.

A MicroResp™ mérés alapján megállapítottuk, hogy a természeteshez közeli állapotú talajok felszínhez közeli (A) rétegében kiugró a mikrobiális aktivitás mértéke. A kukorica monokultúrából származó A szint minták mikrobiális aktivitási mintázata egymáshoz hasonló volt, a C rétegből származó minták külön csoportot képeztek.

Eredményeink alapján tehát a hosszú távú tartamkísérletbe vont művelt talajok baktériumközösségeinek filogenetikai diverzitása és metabolikus potenciálja jelentősen eltért a löszpusztagyep mintákétól.
Social futuring – In the context of futures studies
Authors: Monda Eszter
Published: December 2018

The goal of this paper is to show how the methodology and approach of futures studies could be useful in the research of social futuring. First of all, I define futures studies and social futuring and analyse the evolution of futures studies to show how methods have changed and how they could prove useful in the field of social futuring. Furthermore, I examine individual and organizational future orientation and the related “foresight maturity model” that is linked to the idea of social futuring. I compare future orientation indices (e.g. SOFI, JKB) and point out the pros and cons of each. In addition, I also show what kinds of measurement and indices of future orientation could be used in the analysis of individual, organizational and national social futuring. The findings provide support for the argument that foresight methodology provides an appropriate toolkit for social futuring research.
Finite earth, infinite ambitions: Social futuring and sustainability as seen by a social scientist
Authors: Kocsis Tamás
Published: December 2018

In a historical sense, humanity has accomplished its mission: it has populated Earth and has used its riches and resources to its own benefit. However, from an environmental perspective, Earth has a limited amount of resources, placing restrictions on these high expectations. Accordingly, humanity clearly needs to identify new ways of living, and make efforts to develop new goals. In light of this situation, it is worth exploring what the connection is between the more or less well-known concept of environmental sustainability and that of social futuring. Is there any overlap between the two concepts, and how can one evolve from the other? Can we identify any local-level (dis)similarities regarding these two in practice? The significant potential inherent in human beings – the unfolding of which is evident on a historical scale – can make interpretation of this issue easier. In this context, it is worth identifying the cornerstones of social futuring so as not to impair human ambition by blaming it for using up the Earth’s limited resources and causing natural disasters. The goal is to give humanity new direction and impetus, while retaining the intensity of earlier ambitions.