bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noodzakelijke stappen naar een daling van het antibioticumgebruik op Vlaamse melkveebedrijven - Deel 1: preventie en selectief droogzetten
Authors: Creytens L. , Piepers S. , Lipkens Z. , De Vliegher S.
Published: December 2023

De landbouwsector ligt -ook in België- reeds langere tijd onder vuur met betrekking tot overmatig en onvoldoende onderbouwd antibioticumgebruik en de daaraan gekoppelde link met de ontwikkeling van verworven antibioticumresistentie, ook bij humane pathogenen. Sinds 2012 wordt in verschillende sectoren actie ondernomen om het overmatige en/of het verkeerde gebruik van antibiotica aan banden te leggen via adviezen, sensibilisatie, bovenwettelijke maatregelen en wetgeving. Ook in de melkveesector wordt gezocht naar meer verantwoorde manieren om deze belangrijke geneesmiddelen op een correctere manier in te zetten, om tot een substantiële reductie te komen. Aangezien zestig tot zeventig procent van het antibioticumgebruik op een gemiddeld Vlaams melkveebedrijf ingezet wordt in het kader van uiergezondheid, zal een betere uiergezondheid dankzij een geoptimaliseerd management leiden tot een verminderd antibioticumgebruik. Vandaag bestaan zelfs tools om het mastitismanagement op een bedrijf objectief te scoren, zodoende een betere mastitispreventie en uiergezondheid te bekomen. Ook zijn het selectief droogzetten van koeien en het selectief behandelen van klinische mastitis essentiële elementen om tot een meer verantwoord en verminderd gebruik van antibiotica te komen. Binnen dit concept van selectief droogzetten wordt aan de hand van specifieke parameters (bacteriologisch onderzoek, historiek van klinische mastitis, celgetalgegevens) bepaald welke koeien (hoogstwaarschijnlijk) intramammair geïnfecteerd zijn op het moment van droogzetten. Enkel deze dieren krijgen langwerkende antibiotica toegediend. De niet-geïnfecteerde koeien worden drooggezet zonder antibioticum maar worden wel beschermd tegen nieuwe intramammaire infecties met speenafsluiters. Dit leidt tot een daling van het aantal dierdagdoseringen zonder of met erg beperkte negatieve effecten voor de uiergezondheid en melkproductie op langere termijn. De voorwaarde is wel dat het uiergezondheidsmanagement op het bedrijf op punt staat. Het selectief droogzetten is al enkele jaren de norm in de Scandinavische landen en Nederland en het heeft nu ook zijn intrede gemaakt in de Belgische melkveehouderij. Het werd door de nieuwe Europese Verordening (2019/6), die in voege is sinds 28 januari 2022, theoretisch gezien toch, zelfs de norm. Ervaringen vanuit de vermelde landen kunnen helpen om het concept in België breder toe te passen.
Developing transferable skills in virtual exchange
Authors: O'Dowd Robert
Published: December 2023

This opening article for the Special Issue entitled Virtual Exchange and the Development of Transferable Skills: A Review of Practices Across Disciplines is setting out the current global workplace context, and discusses how Virtual Exchange and Task-Based Language Teaching can play their part in developing transferable skills and boosting participants’ employability.
The role of cardiotrophin-1 in chronic heart failure
Authors: Pakhnova L. R. , Bashkina O. A. , Voronina L. P.
Published: December 2023

An analysis of the literature data on the role of the cardiotrophin-1 protein in chronic heart failure was carried out. Articles were selected and analyzed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, GoogleScholar, Cochrane, Medline, AMED, EMBASE, CINHAL, SportDiscus, Scopus and PEDro databases. The search for articles was carried out using the keywords: «Heart failure», «Biological markers», «Cardiotrophin-1», «Galectin-3», «Myocardium» and their combinations. Inclusion criteria were publication date from 2017 to 2022, clinical studies, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, availability of the full text in the public domain or the abstract. Exclusion criteria: abstracts, monographs, textbooks, publication date before 2017, inconsistency with the research topic. A total of 80 publications were found. The review included 18 publications from 2017 to 2022 that corresponded to the topic and purpose of the study and were significant for revealing the subject of the study. Information is presented on the role of cardiotrophin-1 in chronic heart failure. Cardiotrophin-1 is activated in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in response to mechanical, humoral, metabolic and hypoxic stress. This biomarker is abundantly expressed in cardiac tissue and its overexpression is mainly stimulated by ventricular stretch/pressure, which promotes myocardial hypertrophy. Experimental administration of cardiotrophin-1 leads to fibrosis and myocardial remodeling, which indicates its role as a diagnostic biomarker in these pathologies and chronic heart failure in general.
Features of the clinical picture and course of GATA2 deficiency complicated by generalized verrucosis with an outcome in myelodysplastic syndrome in adulthood
Authors: Frolov E. A. , Abdulaeva F. I. , Gornostaeva U. A. , Latysheva T. V. , Latysheva E. A. , Aminova G. E.
Published: December 2023

GATA2 deficiency is a rare disease belonging to the group of phagocyte birth defects, which is clinically manifested by four syndromes: MonoMac syndrome (myedysplasia and immunodeficiency associated with the development of infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex); monocyte, dendritic cell, B- and NK-lymphocyte deficiency syndrome; Emberger syndrome, including primary lymphedema with myelodysplasia and sensorineural hearing loss, as well as familial myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The disease is inherited by autosomal dominant type, but in most cases, mutations ofthe germ line of the GATA2 gene occur de novo. The first manifestations of the disease occur in early adulthood, the course of GATA2 deficiency is variable and may differ in individuals in the same family with similar genetic variants. The article presents a clinical case of manifestation of GATA2 deficiency at the age of seven years in the form of development of generalized verrucosis, lymphostasis of the lower limb, generalized tuberculosis with involvement of the abdominal cavity, small pelvis, and chest organs. The examination revealed deficiency of monocytes, B- and NK-lymphocytes, myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia. We present a detailed description of the clinical picture and peculiarities of the course of the primary immunodeficiency state, the results of the examination and treatment.
Гравированный автопортрет и портрет гравера. К вопросу о самосознании и социальном статусе граверов в России второй половины XVIII века
Authors: Тетермазова Залина
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the unique self-portrait prints which provide rich material for raising a number of previously overlooked questions related to Russian art in the age of Catherine the Great. It reveals why self-portrait prints were so rare in eighteenth-century Russia; what were the motives of those few printmakers who decided to turn to such an unpopular type of portrait at the time; what was the social position of printmakers; how they viewed themselves and their profession and what are the specifics of self-portraiture in printmaking in comparison with self-portraits in other media. As is shown in this work, the printed self-portrait allowed a printmaker to freely express himself in the way he wanted and also claimed a privileged social position for the depicted, reflecting the desire of the author-model to fit his image into the social hierarchy. The phenomenon was set somewhat apart from the official strategy for the development of Russian art in the eighteenth century, for it presumed a higher status for the artist as individual than was usual at the time, and anticipated, however unconsciously, the depths that would be discovered in artist’s self-portraits in the era of romanticism.
St. Petersburg through Venetian Eyes: An Episode in Late Eighteenth-Century Book Illustration
Authors: Roy Emily
Published: December 2023

This article analyzes a print that was published in Venice in 1797 as the opening image to a biography of Catherine II. Certainly prepared during the empress’s life, the publication appeared just months after her death in a watershed year for Europe which saw the fall of the Republic of Venice. The print imagines the moment that Peter the Great founded the new city of St. Petersburg over ninety years earlier. Through an exploration of the carefully constructed messages in the print, this paper examines the legacy of the image of Peter in Western Europe against which Catherine was understood. It considers the imagery of St. Petersburg in relation to Venice: the capitals of two empires, one in its ascendency and one at the point of collapse.
Что нового рассказал “Мисопогон”о взаимоотношениях Петра I и его подданных?
Authors: Трефилов Евгений Н.
Published: December 2023

Review of E. V. Akel’ev, Russkii Misopogon: Petr I, bradobritie i desiat’ millionov “moskovitov,” Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2022. 624 p. ISBN: 978-5-4448-1928-9.
New Perspectives on Ukraine’s Eighteenth Century
Authors: Skinner Barbara
Published: December 2023

Review of: Zenon E. Kohut, Volodymyr Sklokin, and Frank E. Sysyn, with Larysa Bilous, eds., Eighteenth-Century Ukraine: New Perspectives on Social, Cultural and Intellectual History. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press and Edmonton & Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2023
Catherine the Great Authors Her Empire
Authors: Rubin-Detlev Kelsey
Published: December 2023

Review of: Vera Proskurina, The Imperial Script of Catherine the Great: Governing with the Literary Pen, Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2023
Inside the Linguistic Laboratory: The New Languages of Politics in Eighteenth-Century Russia and their Craftsmen
Authors: Baudin Rodolphe
Published: December 2023

Review of: S. V. Pol’skoi & V. S. Rzheutskii, eds., Laboratoriia poniatii. Perevod i iazyki politiki v Rossii XVIII veka. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2022.
Karamzin Returns to France
Authors: Dickinson Sara
Published: December 2023

Review of: Nikolai Karamzin, Lettres d’un voyageur russe. Introduction, translation, notes and commentary by Rodolphe Baudin. Paris, Institut d’Études Slaves, 2022
Evolving Conceptualizations: A Commentary on the Varying Perspectives of Self-Compassion in Western Psychology
Authors: Pastore Olivia , Fortier Michelle , Ferguson Leah , Sweet Shane
Published: December 2023

Self-compassion involves being touched by and open to one’s own suffering, coupled with the desire to alleviate it and heal oneself with kindness. While self-compassion has gained significant attention in research, certain conceptual and methodological complexities have evolved over time and led to ambiguity surrounding the concept. As such, the overall purpose of this commentary was to highlight and discuss the different perspectives of self-compassion in the literature. We opted to centralize our focus primarily on Neff’s [1] self-compassion framework, given its extensive adoption. We highlight two broad perspectives for conceptualizing self-compassion in the literature: 1) Mind-Body Experiences (i.e., cognitive process, emotion/affect, or motivation) and 2) Generality (i.e., state-like, trait-like/global, or context-specific). This paper aims to offer insights into the complexities surrounding the conceptualizations of self-compassion and facilitate improvements in researchers approaches to studying this important construct.
Introducing the “AI Language Models in Health Care” Section: Actionable Strategies for Targeted and Wide-Scale Deployment (Preprint)
Authors: Castonguay Alexandre , Lovis Christian
Published: December 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

The realm of health care is on the cusp of a significant technological leap, courtesy of the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) language models, but ensuring the ethical design, deployment, and use of these technologies is imperative to truly realize their potential in improving health care delivery and promoting human well-being and safety. Indeed, these models have demonstrated remarkable prowess in generating humanlike text, evidenced by a growing body of research and real-world applications. This capability paves the way for enhanced patient engagement, clinical decision support, and a plethora of other applications that were once considered beyond reach. However, the journey from potential to real-world application is laden with challenges ranging from ensuring reliability and transparency to navigating a complex regulatory landscape. There is still a need for comprehensive evaluation and rigorous validation to ensure that these models are reliable, transparent, and ethically sound. This editorial introduces the new section, titled “AI Language Models in Health Care.” This section seeks to create a platform for academics, practitioners, and innovators to share their insights, research findings, and real-world applications of AI language models in health care. The aim is to foster a community that is not only excited about the possibilities but also critically engaged with the ethical, practical, and regulatory challenges that lie ahead.
Correction: Guidelines, Consensus Statements, and Standards for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Nian , Chen Lingmin , Wu Miaomiao , Meng Sha , Dai Zelei , Zhang Yonggang , Clarke Mike
Published: December 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
Effect of Clinically Validated Artificial Intelligence in Predicting In-hospital Clinical Deterioration: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Yuan Shixin , Liu Songqiao , Wu Changde , Yang Zihuan , Li Junjie , Li Huajie , Ji Chengzhe
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Trying to verify whether AI plays a positive role in predicting the clinical deterioration of hospitalized patients is a problem that scholars are currently trying to solve.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effect of clinically validated artificial intelligence models in predicting in-hospital clinical deterioration and to assess their clinical significance in improving patient outcomes.

METHODS

A comprehensive system literature search of PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted from 2013 to August 2023. Search terms included artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive models, clinical deterioration, and inpatient hospitalization.

RESULTS

A total of 11 studies were included, in which 5 studies mainly reported the AUROCs of the models while 6 studies demonstrated changes in clinical deterioration. The application of AI can increase the AUROCs of the predictive models (the difference of AUROC: 0.142, P <0.01) and improve the clinical deterioration(mortality: RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.95, P =0.01; length of stay: SMD -0.81, 95%CI -1.54 - -0.09, P = 0.02). However, the impact of AI-based models on unplanned ICU transfer is still uncertain (RR 0.74, 85%CI 0.46-1.19, P = 0.21).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of clinically validated artificial intelligence models has shown promising results in predicting in-hospital clinical deterioration. However, more clinical validation studies should be conducted to verify whether these models still have better performance and benefit patients when applied in real clinical settings.
A scoping review of AI/ML algorithm updating practices for model continuity and patient safety using a simplified checklist (Preprint)
Authors: Otokiti Ahmed , Shih Huan-ju , Ozoude Makuochukwu , Siguachi Ilse , Warsame Leyla , Williams Karmen , Akinloye Seyi
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The ubiquity of clinical artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models necessitates measures to ensure the reliability of model output over time. Previous reviews have highlighted the lack of external validation for most clinical models, but a comprehensive review assessing the current priority given to clinical model updating is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to analyze studies of clinical AI models based on PRISMA guidelines. Additionally, a new simple checklist/score system was developed to screen the quality of published AI/ML models. The primary aim was to understand the extent to which clinical model updating is prioritized in current research.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic analysis of studies on clinical AI models, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. A new checklist/score was introduced to assess the quality of the models. Demographic composition based on ethnicity or race was also considered in the analysis. This comprehensive approach aimed to provide a thorough evaluation of the current landscape of clinical AI models.

RESULTS

The results of our analysis revealed that only 9% of the reviewed 390 AI/ML studies stated an intention or method to update their models in the future. 98% of the AI/ML models in our review were in the research phase, and only 2 % in production phase. Furthermore, a mere 12% reported following best practice standards for model development. Notably, 84% of the studies did not provide demographic composition based on ethnicity or race.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, a significant portion of studies currently lack commitment to future model updates. The low adherence to best practice standards for model development also highlights areas for improvement in the field. Furthermore, the absence of demographic information in a substantial number of studies raises concerns about the generalizability and equitable application of these models. The prevalence of research phase models built on proprietary data, limiting independent verification and validation of model output is also a big concern for patient safety.
Addressing these issues is crucial for advancing the reliability and inclusivity of clinical AI and ML applications.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/37685
ChatGPT for tinnitus information and support: response accuracy and retest after three months (Preprint)
Authors: Jedrzejczak Wiktor , Skarzynski Piotr , Raj-Koziak Danuta , Sanfins Milaine , Hatzopoulos Satvros , Kochanek Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

ChatGPT – a conversational tool based on artificial intelligence – has recently been tested on a range of topics. However most of the testing has involved broad domains of knowledge.

OBJECTIVE

Here we test ChatGPT’s knowledge of tinnitus, an important but specialized aspect of audiology and otolaryngology. Testing involved evaluating ChatGPT’s answers to a defined set of 10 questions on tinnitus. Furthermore, given the technology is advancing quickly, we re-evaluated the responses to the same 10 questions 3 months later.

METHODS

ChatGPT (free version 3.5) was asked 10 questions on tinnitus at two points of time – August 2023 and November 2023. The accuracy of the responses was rated by 6 experts using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. The number of words in each response was also counted, and responses were specifically examined for whether references were provided or whether consultation with a specialist was suggested.

RESULTS

Most of ChatGPT’s responses were rated as satisfactory or better. However, we did detect a few instances where the responses were not accurate and might be considered somewhat misleading. The responses from ChatGPT were quite long (averaging over 400 words) and they occasionally tended to stray off-topic. No solid references to sources of information were ever supplied, and when references were specifically asked for the sources were artificial. For most responses consultation with a specialist was suggested. It is worth noting that after 3 months the responses generally improved (p = 0.0031).

CONCLUSIONS

ChatGPT provided surprisingly good responses, given that the questions were quite specific. Although no potentially harmful errors were identified, some mistakes could be seen as somewhat misleading. No solid references were ever supplied. ChatGPT shows great potential if further developed by experts in specific areas, but for now it is not yet ready for serious application.
Optimization of Highly Porous Mannitol Preparation using Ammonium bicarbonate and Citric acid as Templating Agents with Spray Drying Technique
Authors: Kusumorini Nindya , Adhyatmika
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effect of ammonium bicarbonate and citric acid as templating agents using spray drying technique to improve the porosity of D-mannitol powder. It has been shown that textural properties, such as surface area and pore volume produced, are affected by the type and concentration of templating agents, inlet temperature, and outlet temperature of spray drying. The structure of mannitol powder produced changes considerably due to the change in its textural properties to particle powder with high porosity, surface area, and pore volume. The results show that the ratio of D-mannitol to ammonium bicarbonate 10:5 w/w% with water solvent temperature of 30 oC, spray drying inlet temperature of 120 oC, and spray drying outlet temperature of 70 oC, resulting in the highest porosity, surface area, and pore volume. The surface area of mannitol increased from 1.167 m2/g to 3.571 m2/g, followed by an increase in pore volume from 0.0022 cc/g to 0.012 cc/g and pore diameter from 75.33 Å to 115.2 Å. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results are consistent with the surface area measurement results using the Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The resulting spray-dried mannitol powder with a high specific surface area allows it to be used as an excipient in solid formulations of oral preparations.
The Development of Alternative Dosage Form for Creatine Monohydrate: A Floating Tablet
Authors: Nur Hidayah Arifatu , Ardiana Wati Anas , Yuniarti Nunung , Laksitorini Marlyn Dian
Published: December 2023

Creatine monohydrate has been developed as a neuroprotective agent and can penetrate in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. However, its delivery is hampered by its limited capacity of creatine transporter. The floating system is known to increase the residence time of drugs in the stomach; thus, the active substances can be absorbed more optimally. Therefore, this study is aimed to develop creatine monohydrate floating tablets by optimizing the proportion of HPMC K100M and NaHCO2 and evaluating the quality of floating tablets. The formula was designed Simplex Lattice Design method. Tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method and evaluated for granule and tablet parameters. The results showed that HPMC K100M significantly increased flow time, absorption rate, hardness, floating time, swelling index; decreased index tap, fragility, and floating lag time. Meanwhile, an increase in NaHCO2 significantly affects an increase in floating lag time. The optimum formula obtained was 18.87% HPMC K100M and 21.12% NaHCO2. Verification of the optimum formula showed that tablet parameters were not significantly different from the predicted formula. The studies suggest that this prototype can be developed to increase creatine residence time in the stomach.
Components Design of Cube Cutter for Fruit and Meat: Strength Analyses Under Static and Fatigue Conditions
Authors: Antonio Ryan , Sutrisno Dwiartha Pambudi Alif , Triawan Farid
Published: December 2023

Food preparation is one of the longest and the most time consuming part in cooking a food. In the preparation phase, the food ingredients are often needed to be cut into cube shape or stick shape. Besides that, most of the small food industry needs to serve a lot of customers while having limited number of workers, causing the workers to be tired even before the cooking process begin. For this reason, this paper proposes a design idea of a cutting tool that can cut food ingredients into cube and stick shape. This design is also completed with the strength analysis to evaluate the components’ safety for applied force of 50N. Furthermore, the strength analysis was done by a theoretical approach of static and fatigue loading. According to the analysis, the cutting tool has a safety of more than 3.7 for static loading and 2.14 for fatigue loading. In addition, this paper is expected to be used as a reference to create a cutting tool that can help workers in Indonesia
Modification of The Oil Cooler to Avoid Oil Leaking in Generator Transformer PLTU Labuan “Moderator”
Authors: Pratama Prima Galih , Santoso Setyawan , Ramadhan Shandy Helmi
Published: December 2023

The Main Generator Transformer for PLTU Labuan is a transformer with a power capacity of 350 MVA and a cooling system of 6 pcs OFAF (Oil Force Air Force) type. During operation, a disturbance to the Main Generator Transformer (GT) was caused by an oil cooler leak. This is caused by the corrosive expand tube caused by the constituent material consisting of 2 different types of materials. The oil leak caused environmental pollution, decreased oil level, and increased winding temperature and oil temperature on GT. During the decade of operation of the PLTU Labuan, GT oil cooler leaks almost always occur every year, both in unit 1 and unit 2. To anticipate this, we made modifications to the end tube design by changing the type of material on the expanded tube from initially using iron to aluminum such as tube material outside the expanded position. The next design change is to increase the length of the end tube which is equipped with the knock and glue with an expansion strength above normal operating temperature which makes the end tube more reliable by increasing the surface area attached to the body oil cooler. In addition to making changes to the design, this modification reuses used oil coolers that have good tube quality so that they can be reused with more reliable quality. By making these modifications, it can increase the readiness of generating unit production (EAF) by 3.33% in one MO event due to the replacement of the oil cooler generator transformer and lower maintenance costs for the required transformer oil cooler. The modified Oil Cooler was installed during the Maintenance Outage in Unit 1 and Overhaul unit 2 in 2021 and is still operating well for 20 months of operation.
The Present Research and Prospects on Alignment Effects in the Continuation Task
Authors: Li Meijing , Liu Zhencong
Published: December 2023

Wang (2012) proposed the “Continuation Task” method to second language learning, which is based on alignment effects that closely integrate language comprehension and output to promote foreign language learning. According to research results, the effect of second language learning is mainly due to alignment effects, and the alignment output is the key to effective language learning. Through searching the keyword “continuation task” of the Foreign Languages and Literatures from 2018 to 2022 in the CNKI, there are 155 journal papers at home and abroad. Based on these journals, this paper makes a review and evaluation of alignment effects in the continuation task from its theoretical research and present research status. It divides the research status into two categories: the continuation task research for Chinese learners of English and foreign learners of Chinese. Besides, this paper looks into the research prospect of alignment effects in the continuation task, especially its implications for second language teaching, which can provide new ideas and directions for foreign language teaching in China.
Exploring Change through Pre-service History Teachers' Experiences with Textbook Reconstruction
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Heo Eun-Chul
Published: December 2023

Objectives This study was conducted to explore how pre-service history teachers experienced changes in the process of reconstructing textbooks to be used in a extra-curriculum and to make practical suggestions for future teacher training curriculum.
Methods For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 pre-service history teachers who had participated in the history education program and conducted various educational activities, including writing textbooks. The interviews were analyzed using a combination of inductive and interpretive methods proposed by Hatch as qualitative methods. In addition, the primary and secondary textbooks authored by the pre-service his-tory teachers were compared and analyzed.
Results The results of the study showed that the pre-service history teachers' experience of reorganizing text-books made meaningful changes in five main aspects. First, the “textbook view” changed from an absolute per-spective to a relative perspective. Second, the “textbook organization ability” changed from a incoherent method to a coherent method. Third, the “basis for organizing materials” changed from content-based to site-based. Fourth, the “focus of material construction” has changed from instructor-centered to learner-centered. Fifth, the “eye of material organization” has changed from the student's eye to the teacher's eye.
Conclusions Based on this, teacher training institutions proposed the need for quantitative and qualitative improve-ment and development of the curriculum to support the professionalism of pre-service teachers, and emphasized the need for institutional support at the higher institution level.
Kaut kas par neko tumsā
Authors:   Latvijas Unversitāte, Plaudis-Ezernieks Jānis
Published: December 2023

or the first time, the readers are being offered a Latvian translation of “Letter on the Being of Nothing and Darkness” by Fredegisus, a not commonly known 9th century author. The letter, as the author himself says, is addressed to all believers and, of course, to Charlemagne. In the first part of the short letter, the author attempted to prove that nothing exists. Admittedly, he did not approach this subject as enthusiastically as the one of darkness explored in the second part. Using a much richer array of evidence, including the Scriptures, has proved the existence of darkness. The author’s passion with the subject has made the second part longer. Fredegisus’ letter is written in simple language, without any particular embellishments, mainly talking about darkness, the language at times becomes richer and more magnificent.
Sastera Berunsur Agama: Kajian Kes Bahan Bacaan Warga Tua Di Perpustakaan Negeri Kelantan Religion-Based Literature: Case Study Of Reading Materials For Senior Citizens In Kelantan Libraries
Authors: Ismail Hashim , Wan Dollah Wan Ab Kadir , Abd. Malek Mohd Fazli
Published: December 2023

Jumlah populasi warga tua semakin meningkat dalam masyarakat Malaysia. Perangkaan terbaharu 2020 menyatakan terdapat 2.3 juta orang warga tua (Syahidah Husna M. Bakeri, 2020). Kesejahteraan hidup mereka adalah antara indeks yang diperhatikan. Pengurusan masa lapang dan pengurusan ilmu pengetahuan adalah penting untuk kesejahteraan mereka. Justeru, perpustakaan boleh memainkan peranan penting bagi meninjau kecenderungan bahan bacaan yang sesuai untuk warga tua. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti jenis bahan bacaan sastera yang sesuai bagi keperluan warga tua dan seterusnya menganalisis kandungan bahan bacaan sastera yang dipilih mereka. Sebanyak empat buah perpustakaan telah dipilih untuk kajian kes bagi meninjau pola pembacaan mereka. Perpustakaan berkenaan ialah perpustakaan di Kota Bharu, Tumpat, Bachok dan Pasir Mas. Kajian berbentuk kuantitatif ini dijalankan menerusi kajian lapangan dan sebanyak 293 orang terpilih sebagai responden untuk menjawab borang soal selidik. Selanjutnya data akan dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Dapatan kajian yang dijalankan mendapati bahawa warga tua lebih cenderung untuk memilih bahan bacaan berunsur agama sebagai medium utama dalam menambahkan ilmu pengetahuan, selaras dengan umur mereka yang semakin meningkat. Secara keseluruhan, penulisan ini menyarankan agar jenis-jenis bahan bacaan warga tua diberikan perhatian oleh pusat-pusat sumber seperti perpustakaan awam dan perpustakaan desa yang sedia ada di luar bandar.
Improving Family Medicine Residents’ Provision of Gender-Affirming Care
Authors: Smith Riley , Kaplan Benjamin
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Family physicians are uniquely poised to provide gender-affirming care (GAC) to transgender and nonbinary patients, but current undergraduate and graduate medical education in this field is lacking. Little is known about the impact of various GAC curricula on the clinical care provided by resident physicians. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a multimodal educational framework on the quality of GAC provided by residents at a large academic family medicine program.
Methods: This pilot study used chart review to assess the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention around GAC in an academic family medicine practice. Components included faculty-specific didactics, resident feedback and didactics, standardized note templates, and compiled resources. We completed pre- and postintervention analysis of resident-led GAC encounters using a novel rubric based on standards of care and compared these results using descriptive statistics.
Results: Following a multimodal educational intervention, residents demonstrated improvement in multiple domains of gender-affirming care, including documenting informed consent, counseling on pregnancy and contraception, and laboratory monitoring for patients initiating gender-affirming hormone therapy.
Conclusions: This widespread improvement suggested that a multimodal approach to resident and faculty education may help enhance the quality of GAC provided by family medicine residents. Chart review offers a feasible and effective method for identifying gaps in resident knowledge and documentation in GAC. Further research should specifically explore faculty development in this area and expanded patient-centered quality metrics and outcomes that encompass GAC.
Western Armenian Poetry of the Early 20th Century: in Anticipation of Disaster
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zulumyan Burastan S.
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the Armenian patriotic poetry, which has a long tradition and reflects the value facet of the Armenian identity. The abundance of works by Armenian poets of the early twentieth century dedicated to the motherland, historical destinies and the catastrophic events of the late 19 — early 20 century, caused by beatings organized by Sultan Abdul Hamid, which claimed the lives of more than 300 thousand Armenians; when, in fact, the beginning of the state program of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire was initiated. The works of Siamanto, Ruben Sevak, Daniel Varuzhan were largely a response to these events
“All these Slavs and Europeans…” (Gogol). About the Concept of “National-organic Style” by Yuri Sherekh
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Barabash Yuri Ya.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with Gogol’s opposition “Slavists vs Europeanists”, reformatted among the Ukrainian literary emigration of the mid-1940s, in particular, by one of its leaders Yuri Sherekh (Yu. Shevelyov), into the opposition “national-organic style vs Europeanist style,” and the work of Gogol was recognized as the basis of the “national-organic style.” The article reveals the vulnerabilities and vagueness of Sherekh’s position, the concept of “national-organic style” is assessed as scientifically unfounded and not confirmed by literary practice. At the same time, it is noted that the author of this concept himself later spoke critically about it.
Yuliy Aikhenwald: from Impressionism to Historicism
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Azarov Yuri. A.
Published: December 2023

The present article is devoted to creative activity of Yuliy Aikhenvald who is associated with the Silver Age in the history of Russian culture. And in emigration where against his will he went in 1922 he was called one of the brightest critics of the era who turned the reading of literature into an art of individual perception, proclaimed the priority of co-creation and directly brought criticism closer to the reader. For him society did not exist, there were only individuals: a work of art should not be evaluated in terms of social utility, it is always a direct dialogue between a writer and a reader, to investigate a literary work means to create, to read means to write, each work is an autobiography of its creator. In his opinion, literature does not reflect life, but creates it, the value of a literary work lies in its singularity and uniqueness, and criticism is its direct continuation. Aikhenvald believed that invariably fails any attempt to explain literature from the class point of view, historical materialism. At the same time indisputable facts reveal that works of art, in its essence, have no organic connection either with the social position of their creators or with the nature of the historical period. It is no doubt that Aikhenwald made a significant contribution to the development of Russian émigré literary criticism and became one of its most significant figures.
Effect of climatic conditions on some physicochemical and physiological characteristics of the plum fruits Horvin variety growth
Authors: Orjuela-Angulo Mayerlin , Álvarez-Herrera Javier-Giovanni , Camacho Tamayo Jesús Hernán
Published: December 2023

Contextualization: Climatic conditions are determining factors of fruits quality at the time of harvesting and are defined by the physicochemical and physiological characteristics of the fruit.
Knowledge gap: knowing the relationship between different variables that can affect the production of the Horvin plum variety.
Purpose: To observe the effect of climatic conditions on some physicochemical and physiological characteristics of plum fruits Horvin variety from its set to harvest.
Methodology: Thermo-hygrometers were installed in each location placed at four different altitudes in order to obtain the temperature and relative humidity during the observation period. Moreover, the precipitation was measured with pluviometers installed at each location. The fruits were removed from different branches of the middle part of the trees on each of the study days.                             
Results and conclusions: Climatic conditions greatly influenced the growth and development of plum fruit. Changes in weight and size were observed from harvest to harvest in the four locations studied. It was observed that the climatic conditions of the first harvest, especially the temperature, and precipitation, were affected by the El Niño phenomenon. Thus, a difference was reached between the average temperature of 6 °C each month. In addition, there was a difference of 19 °C between the coldest and warmest months, respectively, with average annual precipitation values of 907.2mm concentrated from July to November. For the second harvest, the temperature decreased, and there was more precipitation in the zone with an average temperature of 7 °C, and an average maximum temperature of 22 °C each month with average annual precipitation values of 1100mm concentrated from April to July.
Productividad y estimación de la emisión de metano en vacas de leche en pastoreo suplementadas con papa (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Sanabria Bautista Duvan , Maza Ortega Román , Cardona Iglesias Juan Leonardo , Lucia Cuarán Viviana
Published: December 2023

Contextualización: los sistemas de alimentación bovina deben enfocarse en propiciar el aumento de la productividad, generando la menor huella ambiental posible en los ecosistemas. Dentro de los sistemas ganaderos de trópico alto del departamento de Santander, Colombia, el uso de papa (Solanum tuberosum) de rechazo en la alimentación animal, podría ser una ruta de valorización sostenible de este producto.
Vacío de conocimiento: algunos estudios sobre la producción de leche bovina han demostrado efectos positivos de la suplementación con papa. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre el efecto de la suplementación con papa de desecho en la producción y composición de leche, así como su efecto sobre la producción de metano (CH4) en vacas de leche.
Propósito: evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con papa variedad Única, sobre la producción y composición de la leche, y estimación de la producción de CH4 de vacas de leche en pastoreo.
 Metodología: fueron utilizadas 12 vacas Normando con peso corporal inicial promedio de 460 kg. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con dos tratamientos y seis repeticiones: control (sin suplementación) y suplementado (suplementación con 6 kg de papa por animal/día), esta cantidad se asumió teniendo en cuenta que garantizara un 20% de NDT y un 7% de proteína bruta. Los procedimientos estadísticos se realizaron utilizando el procedimiento GLM de SAS; la significancia estadística se consideró cuando p≤0,05.
 Resultados y conclusiones: la suplementación con 6 kg de papa incrementó la producción de leche (PL kg/día) y PLCG4% (p<0,05) de los animales, no bstante, la suplementación no afectó (p>0.10) la concentración de grasa, proteína, sólidos totales y MUN de la leche. Finalmente, la producción de CH4 en g/kg de leche fue disminuida (p<0,05) con la suplementación con papa. Concluyendo que, la suplementación con 6 kg de papa mejora la producción de leche, sin embargo, no afecta composición de la leche de las vacas en pastoreo. La suplementación con papa reduce la producción de CH4 en g/kg de leche producida por los animales.
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Flow of an Incompressible Fluid in a Collapsible Elastic Tube with Mass and Heat Transfer
Authors: Kaigalula Victor , Okelo Jeconia , Mutua Samuel , Muvengei Onesmus
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to examine unsteady incompressible Magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow together with soret and dufour effects on mass and heat transfer through a collapsible elastic tube. The governing equations are continuity equation, momentum equation, energy equation and concentration equation. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles together with heat and mass transfer rate were determined. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow solved numerically by applying collocation method and implemented in MATLAB. The numerical solution of the profiles displayed both by graphically and numerically for different values of the physical parameters entering into the problem. The effects of varying various parameters such as Reynolds number, Hartmann number, Soret number, Dufour number and Prandtl number on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles also the rate of heat and mass transfer are discussed. The study is significant because heat and mass transfer mechanisms with the soret and dufour effects considerations play an important role due to its wide range of application including but not limited to medical fields, biological sciences and other physical sciences where collapsible tubes are applied.
Using Multi-Homologue Plant-Wax Carbon Isotope Signatures to Reconstruct Tropical Vegetation Types
Authors: Häggi Christoph , Jr Dailson J Bertassoli , Akabane Thomas K , So Rachel T , Sawakuchi André Oliveira , Chiessi Cristiano Mazur , Mendes Vinicius Ribau , Jaramillo Carlos , Feakins Sarah J
Published: December 2023

The stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant components such as
plant wax biomarkers is an important tool for reconstructing past
vegetation. Plant wax δ13C is mainly controlled by photosynthetic
pathways, allowing for the differentiation of C4 tropical grasses and C3
forests. Proxy interpretations are however complicated by additional
factors such as aridity, vegetation density, elevation, and the
considerable δ13C variability found among C3 plant species. Moreover,
studies on plant wax δ13C in tropical soils and plants have focused on
Africa, while structurally different South American savannas, shrublands
and forests remain understudied. Here, we analyze the δ13C composition
of long-chain n-alkanes and fatty acids from tropical South American
soils and leaf litter to assess the isotopic variability in each
vegetation type and to investigate the influence of climatic features on
δ13C. Rainforests and open vegetation types show distinct values, with
rainforests having a narrow range of low δ13C values (n-C29 n-alkane:
-34.5 +0.9/-0.6 ‰ ; Suess-effect corrected) allowing for the detection
of even minor incursions of savanna into rainforests (13C-enriched).
While Cerrado savannas and semi-arid Caatinga shrublands grow under
distinctly different climates, they can yield indistinct δ13C values for
most compounds. Cerrado soils and litter show pronounced isotopic
spreads between the n-C33 and n-C29 alkanes, while Caatinga shrublands
show consistent values across the two homologues, thereby enabling the
differentiation of these vegetation types. The same multi-homologue
isotope analysis can be extended to differentiate African shrublands
from savannas.
Optimal mechanism design with approximate incentive compatibility and many players
Authors: Basu Pathikrit
Published: December 2023

We consider a setting in which a mechanism designer must choose the appropriate social alternative depending on the state of nature. We study the problem of optimal design and demonstrate that a mechanism which allocates resources so as to achieve the social optimum and assigns payments equal to the posterior expected utility of the agent at the social optimum, is an epsilon-optimal mechanism for environments with many players.
From Encouragement to Critique of Enlightened Absolutist Reforms
Authors: Horbec Ivana
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the example of Nikola Škrlec Lomnički (1729 – 1799), a distinguished legal expert and public servant in Croatia during the era of enlightened absolutism, is used to posit that the dissemination of knowledge and ideas was not a linear progression, flowing solely from top to bottom. Rather, the experience of living and working within a specific political milieu significantly impacted political choices made by premodern public servants. Škrlec’s involvement in local administration and his writings directed towards higher authorities underscore that the introduction of progressive changes necessitated a confluence of both contemporary intellectual currents and influence from “below”. Such reforms needed to be firmly grounded in changes that were practicably feasible within a specific local political and social context. For understanding political history, resistance to change emerges as being equally valuable a phenomenon as alignment with enlightened ideas.
Croatian-Czech and Croatian-Slovak Literary Relations in Neo-Absolutism
Authors: Šabić Marijan
Published: December 2023

Based on previous research, the author attempts to identify the key points for the research of Croatian-Czech-Slovak literary and cultural relations in the period of neo-absolutism (1852-1859). Citing relevant examples, he refers above all to the abundant correspondence of Croatian, Czech and Slovak intellectuals from that period, and to literary periodicals, which he regards as indicators of the mutual reception of the literary production of these three nations.