bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macroergonomic Premises for Organizational Innovations in Business Corporations
Authors: Pacholski* Leszek
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses the issue of so-called multiagent systems ergonomics. This approach is addressed for organization structures that combine human societies and the organization and technological component. Such multiagent systems, called macroergonomic systems, concern only the internal organization of the enterprise. However, they can also enclose structural business conglomerates of groups of many enterprises. These systems, represented by modern business corporations, can have not only an organized functional form, but also a form of composite network relations, hybrid, or even (seemly chaotic) swarm. The macroergonomic interpretation of the functioning of modern business corporations shows the particular role of the Human Factor, represented by White and Blue Collars, which have the innovative, who have the innovative technology and innovative managerial solutions, social and business objectives. The article shows a case study of organizational innovations in two Polish business corporations in order to form a three-stage sequence of such events, enclosing: classic innovations, a so-called “new wave” and “creating a proposal for the buyer”. Conclusions of the paper present the idea of “macroergonomic organizational innovations’ matrix”. Such matrix can be treated as a theoretical generalization of the problem of implementing macroergonomic innovative solutions. These solutions have been illustrated in a form of two models: process and structural innovations. Each of them can be realized in two variants of events: endogenic and exogenous.
The Use of Web Application “Mobilne Miasto” [Mobile City] in the Conveyance of Information About Urban Space in the System Human Factor – Technology
Authors: Golinski Marek
Published: February 2022

This paper describes selected aspects of the research work carried out within the research and development project called “An integrated system for supporting the access to information". The objective of the study were the possibilities of using the web application "Mobilne miasto" in an urban space. Particular attention was paid to increasing the efficiency of access to information about the urban space, as well as to allowing impact on the environment through the application. The article discusses the issues related to a study of information needs, where key features which states have been optimized were analyzed, that is: usefulness of information (obtained by studying the needs), the reliability of information used in urban areas (accuracy, comprehensiveness) and the time of access to that information (analysis of the amount of necessary information).
Macroergonomic Improvement the Development of Agri – Food Sector Company
Authors: Szczuka Marek
Published: February 2022

Article aims to develop a methodology for obtaining logistical improvements contained within the discussed scientific discipline. An attempt to establish macro ergonomics logistics improvements micro-enterprises ,should therefore be supported by strict social approach . Strategy is to focus on these aspects in an environment of both internal and external . This can be achieved by proper selection of methods for answers , which is the most important component and is of utmost importance for the development of the company. Developed methodological selection can be operational and strategic . The results of the analysis may include lifting factor , such as correction recipe for the final product as well as the change in the technology park , which will translate into the quality of the final product. Raised the issue of concern is the micro company engaged in farming and breeding pigs, to its processing and trade. The company is local. The owners are considering a number of innovations, including expansion of the business in the other region, the development of a technology park and the creation of logistics and management.
Risk Among Hill Families of Mountain Region of Uttarakahnd, India
Authors: Joshi Janki , Sharma Promila
Published: February 2022

The present study was conducted in mountain region of Uttarakhand, a hilly state of India. The objective of the study was to find the injury and accidents data due to poor lighting. It was assumed that injuries and accidents among hill people occur due to poor lighting. For this purpose descriptive research design was used. In Uttarakhand state, districts i.e Almora and Nainital were selected purposively from which purposive selection of 4 villages was done. From each village, 30 families were selected by simple random sampling technique without replacement to make a total sample of 120 families. The data was collected through interview schedule and observation. Descriptive and statistical analysis of data was done with the help of frequency, per cent and chi-square test respectively. The records focused that main accidents and injuries in last 10 years due to poor lighting were fall and slip outside the house, catching of fire during cooking and burning of finger while lighting kerosene lamp and cutting finger during vegetable cutting, animal/snake bite, attack of wild animate, catching fire to the cattle and burning of cattle with the use of kerosene lamp. The results were found to be significant at p<0.05, indicating that accidents like fall/slip during fetching fodder, fuel and water, accidents in kitchen, cases of wild animals/snake bite and other accidents dependent on availability of light. It was concluded that injuries and accidents among hill people occur due to poor lighting.
Organizational Design: Need for a Socio-technical Inclusive System Design Approach to meet 21st Century Workforce Challenges
Authors: Hussaina Amjad , Caseb Keith , Ali Chathac Kamran
Published: February 2022

Changes occurring in the business and socio-economic global environments increase the complexity of working systems. The global workforce is becoming more diverse where people from different social, cultural, geographical and technical backgrounds work together in spite of their existing differences. Existence of varying human responses caused due to variations in individual’s physical, physiological, psychological, social and cognitive responses to the organizational design becomes a real challenge for designers. Moreover, increase in the number of older workers, also requires the attention of designers, as they are different in many ways. These issues increase the complexity of organizational systems and have serious implications for human factors and ergonomics as this complexity challenges the way conventional organizational systems are designed and implemented. There is a great need to develop new strategies where human variations are rightly understood and then emphasized during organizational design process. A proposed Sociotechnical Inclusive System Design approach has been discussed for addressing social and technical issues of organizational design by integrating socio-technical principles with inclusive thinking so that these challenges might be addressed at the organizational and individual levels. This article briefly describes global workforce challenges like increase in diversity, ageing, and impact of individual level variations on workplace safety and task performance. Finally, it highlights the need to design organizational systems based on diversity and differences where social and technical inclusivity should be an integral part of any design decision so that organizations can effectively utilize their human capital. The suggested design approach can draw multiple benefits including employee satisfaction, workplace safety and well-being, high productivity and quality and retention of a skilled workforce for a longer time. All these benefits ultimately support the attainment of long term organizational sustainability.
A Method for Assessing Customer’s Confidence in Safety in a Railroad Company
Authors: Seki Katsuya , Okada Yusaku
Published: February 2022

Users of railroad service have to choose a railroad company. When they choose them, they think about convenience, price, how safe they actually are, and how safe users can subjectively feel. We call the subjective degree of safety users feel confidence in safety (CIS). Some railroad companies need to assess CIS for their branding strategy. Therefore, we propose the assessment method of CIS in this paper.
The World of Boundaryless Careers – About the Need for a Subject’s Proactivity
Authors: Cybal-Michalska Agnieszka
Published: February 2022

The specific character of qualitatively new changes in the relations between globality and locality implies a completely new perception of reality, ways of interpreting the world and a new quality of judgments about the condition of a modern man – including an individual as “a manager” of one’s own career. The contemporary study of careers requires taking into consideration multicontextual changes in the world of work, which make individuals face new challenges. A career development and career management programs concentrate on multiple aspects: from individual careers and a relationship between work and a family; to policy and strategic dilemmas, such as the aging workforce, the use of new technology or organizational performance. The logic of these changes inclines thinking about “boundaryless career”, “protean career” and “post-corporate career”, as a sort of novelty in planning a broadly defined career and how to climb the career ladder. The zeitgeist implies stressing individual initiative and proactivity, as no job is guaranteed forever and no abilities guarantee a market value. This is the world of careers conceived as “an individual’s property”.
Demographic Shifts and Higher Education: Responses and Strategies
Authors: Klich Jacek
Published: February 2022

Demographic shifts in a vast majority of EU countries affect universities in a rather negative way. The aim of the paper is to identify universities’ responses to these demographic challenges. Desk-top analysis of available literature combined with the analysis of responses of fourteen top European and American universities to demographic changes is presented here. The paper starts from a review of the literature on the university’s strategies in the context of demographic shifts (based on ScienceDirect and EBSCO databases). Then strategies of the fourteen universities at hand are presented. It is shown here that these strategies have not acknowledged demographic changes as strategic factors. Universities at hand as global players (with the exception of Charles University and Eötvös Loránd University) do not consider ageing as a phenomenon which could jeopardize their future. They consider further international expansion and lifelong education as adequate responses to demographic shifts. It is suggested in this paper that ageing populations can be perceived by universities as an opportunity in respect both to research and teaching.
Visual Strategy on Driving in Simulator of Urban Bus
Authors: Kapitaniak Bronislaw , Gadzicka Elżbieta , Walczak Marta , Kosobudzki Marcin , Jóźwiak Zbigniew , Viebig Piotr , Szyjkowska Agata , Makowiec-Dabrowska Teresa , Siedlecka Jadwiga , Bortkiewicz Alicja
Published: February 2022

A group of professional bus drivers have done two rides on a city bus simulator – the fist one into the city centre and the other one in the suburbs. One dangerous incident was simulated during each ride. The visual strategy was evaluated by the FaceLab system comprising two pairs of cameras, one facing the road and the other to the left side. The main selected criteria of the visual strategy included the number and duration of gaze fixations. Furthermore, eyelid movements (PERCLOS index) and pupil diameter were recorded. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis.
Influence of Fingertip Anthropometry and Anatomy on Mechanical Loads During Grasping
Authors: Harih Gregor , Kaljun Jasmin , Dolšak Bojan
Published: February 2022

Many researchers have investigated the mechanical loads during hand tool use to increase the user performance, satisfaction, and lower the risk of acute and cumulative trauma disorders. While grasping, the mechanical loads are directly transferred to the hand. Rough guidelines of pressure discomfort (PDT) and also pressure-pain threshold (PPT) were provided by previous researchers, where values differ by the subject and the area of the hand. The difference in both limits is between subjects due to the different psychological and physiological factors. In order to understand the physiological aspect of the PDT and PPT difference between subjects, we investigated the influence of the fingertip anthropometry and anatomy on the grasping and the resulting mechanical loads on the fingertip using finite element analysis. Results from the numerical tests have shown significant difference between peak contact pressures as well as the contact pressure distribution between different fingertips. It has been shown that based only on anthropometry the peak contact pressure values and contact pressure distribution cannot be predicted, since geometry of the anatomical structures, especially the bone has significantly higher influence on the peak contact pressure and contact pressure distribution during grasping.
A New Representational Method of Human Foot Anatomical Landmark and its Application in Foot Posture Data Acquisition
Authors: Zhao KaiWei , Luximon Ameersing , Balasankar Ganesan , Chan CheeKooi
Published: February 2022

Functions like protection and comfort are essential requirements of the footwear or orthosis. Naturally, the status of foot anatomy features, judged from both inside and skin surface, is of great significance to the effectiveness of the product. In this study, a novel method to estimate the foot anatomy structural deformation from the skin surface in three typical postures is proposed, which can effectively reveal the inner anatomy status without using CT or MRI. Technology of scanning with range sensor is adopted, and it considerably promotes the efficiency of acquisition of the foot texture model. Reverse engineering tools are used to precisely catch the anatomical landmark locations, and the relevant data is shown in the way of comparison.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Priming in Virtual Environments
Authors: Butler Charles
Published: February 2022

This paper considers the usefulness and possibility of using virtual environments for the advancement of priming research. First, the background and foundational research and experiments are considered. Next, the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing virtual environments is examined. Finally, the paper considers the potential of utilizing virtual environments in an attempt to replicate the existing studies to further establish the validity of virtual environments in priming research and then the potential of these methods to push the boundaries of the field.
A Study of the Comfort of the Materials for Self-Grown Fashion Creation
Authors: W. Wang Phoebe , Ng M.C.F.
Published: February 2022

There have been increasing attempts for fashion material production to be re-defined towards cost effective, low environmental impact, labour friendly and biodegradable. Among them, biotechnology is believed to be one fine substitute for fashion creation in future. A study is being carried out with an aim to explore futuristic development of fashion design and applications where and when the materials can be grown from natural renewable resources and degradable rather than being designed and produced in the traditional tedious way. This paper reports the investigation of the bacterial cellulose formation process in different concentrations of tea broth and different incubation times. Through the comparison and evaluation of the comfort factors of the materials, the optimal favourable material towards self-grown fashion creation was presented.
Entrepreneurship in SMEs
Authors: Trzcielińska Jowita
Published: February 2022

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) make about 98% of total population of businesses and create about 50% of GDP. Every day in Poland about 1500 new enterprises is registered and from 1400 to 1600 of them liquidate their activities. Such dynamics in SMEs existence is caused by many factors but one of them is the changeable business environment including both the macroenvironment and the industry environment. The SMEs significance to the country’s economy brings to mind a question how their cycle of life can be extended. The problem can be categorized as a problem of the SMEs ability to perceive and use of the market opportunities. A systematic approach to the problem consists of three stages: segmentation of the environment, analysis of events and changes in the segments and associating of the events into favourite situations that is into opportunities. Each of the stage can be supported by different methods. Example giving in the first stage the PEST analysis as well as structural analysis of sector can be used. In the second stage the following methods of strategic analysis can be used: trends extrapolation, strategic groups mapping, sectors attractiveness analysis, structural analysis of the sector, etc. In the last stage mostly the cross-impact method can be used. The use of the above methods of strategic analysis can be easily evidenced mostly in big and some medium enterprises. That is because these enterprises posses in their organizational structures functional units that are focused on particular segments of the environment. Example giving the R&D department analysis the changes in the technological segment, the financial department analysis what happens in the economic segment and the procurement department analysis the processes in the segment of suppliers. However small enterprises and a number of the medium once have very simple structure and there do not exist the organizational unit that are specialized in dealing with particular macroenvironment and the industry environment segments. Does it mean that SMEs do not observe and not analyse the changes in the business environment and do not search it to identify the opportunities? The practice and the pilot research that has been done by the author leads to negative answer for the question. The conjecture is that SMEs search for the opportunities using the entrepreneurship abilities of the management as well as the whole organization. To verify the conjecture an investigation has been undertaken in Polish SMEs. The investigation concerns the entrepreneurship features of the owners/managers of the businesses and the entrepreneurship marketing as well as the methods of strategic analysis. In this paper the results of the research are presented.
Development and Assessment of Work Systems for Elder Employees in Industrial Manufacturing
Authors: Feller Nico , Müller Ulf
Published: February 2022

The following article presents a software tool for the development and assessment of age-differentiated work systems for elder employees in industrial manufacturing. The main objectives of the introduced software system are the maintenance and support of elder employees’ health and abilities, the extension of working lifetime and the perpetuation of productivity with an aging workforce. The system structure, consisting of a generator for sufficient mapping of work systems, a simulator for discrete representation of manufacturing and an analyzer for detailed investigations, is delineated. The simulation of aging employees and calculation of overall stress of work systems are emphasized. Concluding, achieved results and intended development are discussed.
A Study on the Human Factors for an Advanced Picking Station
Authors: Young Lee Eun , Kyu Kim Min , Young Yang Min , Seok Chang* Yoon
Published: February 2022

Picking activities are usually repetitive and backbreaking physically. Awkward postures can result in muscle fatigue and injuries. For these reasons, Goods to Destination System(GDS) was developed in order to improve traditional picking devices. But there have been almost no researches on the design of picking station considering human factors. Thus we performed picking tests in-person and did descriptive survey with 30 people to study the impact of picking station design on the worker’s human factors. Among 30 people, 10 people participated Electromyograph(EMG) test for proving subjective results. As a result, in case of the LED indicator location of DPS 66% of participants felt comfortable when the LED was located between the waist level and the eye level while in case of button location of DPS, 70% of participants felt comfortable when the button was located at waist level. Moreover, the higher the angle of picking station was, the more participants felt comfortable. Lastly, most participants felt comfortable when tote was placed 5-10cm higher than general work station. This study shows various options for designing picking station. We believe that this research will provide a good guideline for picking station design which could lead to increase in productivity and workers’ convenience.
Auditory Interface Improvement of In-Vehicle Speech Interaction System
Authors: Hu Hui-Ning , Hwang Sheue-Ling
Published: February 2022

According to a previous study, current Talking Car system has some defects on control button and guiding sentence for beginners. Therefore, the purpose of this study aimed to improve and analyze the usability of the Talking Car system. For the first part, control button data from five brands which are the most popular cars in the market were gathered and analyzed. Then, cooperated with expert advices the control button was redesigned. In the guiding sentence part, an experiment was conducted to realize the misunderstood and annoying degree of current guiding sentences, and to modify the guiding sentences. After all improvement, another driving simulation experiment was conducted. Based on the objective statistic data, the result indicated that task finished time has been decreased significantly. The shorter task finished time proved the system is more convenient and easier to use. With regard to evaluation of safety, react on times of emergency brake were decreased. Times of unsafe driving behavior like exceeding the speed and lane departure were decreased. In consequence, the system is more suitable using in driving. And in the subjective part, subjects are more satisfied with guiding sentence of beginner and control button. After improvement, Talking Car is easier to use and more fit to the beginners.
Application of Performance Measurement in the Context of Ergonomic Work Design
Authors: Heller Ralf , Sauter Michael , Bruder Ralph
Published: February 2022

While enhancing productivity, performance measurement in the context of ergonomic work design becomes more relevant. Based on the theoretical and conceptual background of performance measurement systems as well as the stressstrain concept and the man-at-work system we generated a cause-and-effect model as a framework for a performance measurement system in the context of ergonomic work design. No investigation has indicated so far the importance, current and planned application, expected functions, relevant perspectives, potential performances indicators and the possible success of performance measurement in the ergonomic context. Data from 73 industrial engineering experts of an international company working in small-sized to large-sized production facilities support the development of an ergonomic performance measurement system. Our findings show that such a system is relevant to industrial engineering work and that performance indicators are already being used. Furthermore there are some interesting relations between monitoring performance indicators and successful processes as well as overall outcomes. Our results challenge the view that performance measurement in the context of ergonomic work design is a prerequisite for being more efficient to fulfill the outcomes performance and well-being.
Interactive Analysis and Evaluation of Production Control
Authors: Schuh Guenther , Potente Till , Thomas Christina , Luckert Melanie
Published: February 2022

Today most markets are extremely competitive. Thus, a high adherence to delivery dates represents a key factor for companies’ success. Companies try to keep delivery dates by an adequate production planning and control (PPC) but often not succeed due to a lack of knowledge concerning the quality of their production control. The key objective of this paper is to introduce a quick and simple possibility to analyze and evaluate the quality of companies’ production control in an interactive way. Therefore, the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL) has developed a web based solution called “Performance Check”. Based on feedback data of ERP-systems (enterprise resource planning systems), the tool visualizes defined key indicators of production control.
Design for Health and Dignity: User and Stakeholder Involvement in Design for Urinary Continence
Authors: Moody Louise , Long Adele , McCarthy Avril
Published: February 2022

Fully understanding stakeholder needs is important. For each project the participants, methods and timing of involvement should be considered (Vink et al 2008). Methods of engaging stakeholders and users are numerous, but case study examples demonstrating consultation in practice for incontinence product development are not frequently reported. The authors have been involved in a number of user-centred design projects that have been undertaken to enhance the health and dignity of patients and users in the UK. These projects have involved different levels of stakeholder and user involvement in the product development and evaluation process. This paper will describe two case studies focussed on product design for urinary continence management. This is an area in which stakeholder and user engagement is important but can be challenging to achieve. The way in which stakeholders were involved and the resulting impact is described.
Response to the Emergency in Hospital Facilities
Authors: Corticeiro Neves Miguel , Gaspar Paulo
Published: February 2022

Typically, organizations have some difficulty in implementing emergency response procedures, as these require the appropriate preparation, namely training and evacuation drills. In this context, it is important to plan properly all possible responses to emergency situations, to ensure that there is no need to act reactively. However, there is also necessity of training to specific procedures, diverse and achievable, with the aim of enable the effective and efficient response to situations that require a reactive response, i.e. after the emergency situation becomes real.The case in study concerns to hospital facilities with several services (surgery, psychiatry, among others), surgery rooms, medical appointments, intermediate and intensive care day hospital and hospital admissions. The whole structure is made with horizontal and vertical partitioning against fire.It is very important to perform periodic drills to ensure that the procedures are assimilated and very well known, making their future actions natural. The evacuation drills legally required will then test the quality of the response and demonstrate if the practice was enough and if the objectives were achieved. As more hospital personnel receive training, the simulacrum response will be better and consequently the reaction on emergency situations will improve too.
Ergonomics Intervention Among Football Players
Authors: Kawczyński Adam , Madeleine Afshin Samani Pascal
Published: February 2022

We summarize recent studies to shed some light on the benefit of ergonomic approaches in sports and more specifically in football. In football, the physical demands can lead to muscular pain. Pressure pain mapping can be used as a surrogate for evaluation of the sensory changes in sports. Thus, pressure pain threshold (PPTs) was assessed in a set of studies 1) to compare topographical pressure pain sensitivity maps of the lower extremity in elite footballers playing on artificial turf or natural grass; 2) to investigate specialized recovery training on lower extremities pressure pain sensitivity; 3) to measure the effect of the usage of shock-absorbing insoles on foot PPTs during training among young soccer players on artificial turf. In total of 102 football players participated in these studies. Pressure pain thresholds were measured bilaterally over 23 locations of the lower extremity, including the rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, vastus lateralis/medialis; external and internal hamstrings; tibialis anterior; peroneous; external and internal gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles, in a blinded design. Further, PPTs measured at the 1-3-5 metatarsal bones; abductor digiti minimi muscle; flexor digitorum brevis muscle; abductor hallucis muscle, and calcaneus bone. Pain intensity and comfort were assessed using numeric rating scales. Our studies showed that football players playing on natural grass exhibited lower PPTs as compared to those players playing on artificial turf, specialized recovery training results in a decrease of muscles sensitivity 48 hours after game and addition of shock-absorbing insoles resulted in a significantly increased PPTs and reduced pain intensity as compared with playing without insoles.
The Logistics of Distributed Aged Care in a Local Swedish Community
Authors: J Larsson Tore
Published: February 2022

In an attempt to map the pattern of care contacts between +65 year olds with multiple medical diagnoses living at home and their formal and informal care and service providers, 62 persons in the local council of Haninge agreed to keep a diary of all their health related contact events for a period of 6 months. The participants were visited once a fortnight and their diary inputs were recorded. The data was collected during 2011, 2012 and 2013. 20 000 contact events and 28 000 activities were recorded over 10620 participant days. Background variables like marital status, type of dwelling, type of medical problems were related to patterns of contact with health care staff, transport services, type of care services provided, importance of family and informal care providers. The result is a fairly detailed description of the logistics requirements in a system of distributed aged care with high accessibility and retained independence.
Physicians’ Work Hours and Patient Safety in a Norwegian Context
Authors: Alstveit Laugaland Kristin , Aase Karina
Published: February 2022

There has been growing attention in society to the question of whether physicians’ work hour regulations constitute a challenge to patient safety due to extended work hours. The aim of the current study is to examine the practice of work hour regulations in a Norwegian context and explore possible risk factors by employing a qualitative case study design in a surgical hospital department. The study results emphasise that both framework conditions and work hours in the current work environment must be taken into consideration when assessing the risk of adverse events. Findings show that work hour regulations are violated more or less continuously in the current surgical department, especially during holiday periods. Despite this, the informants value the work load within existing work hour regulations as more influential when explaining the effects on patient safety than the work hour regulations themselves. Contextual factors such as workforce situation, coincidental work tasks, and safety awareness are seen as important framework conditions. We argue that the current practice with extended work hours (>12h) during night shifts constitutes a potential risk factor, a finding that is also supported by international research studies on work hour effects.
Physiological Responses Caused by Kawaii Feeling in Watching Photos
Authors: Yanagi Miyuki , Yamasaki Yousuke , Yamariku Tomomi Takashina Yoshikazu Hirayama Ryota Horie Yoshiyuki , Ohkura Michiko
Published: February 2022

“Kawaii” is a Japanese word that represents an emotional value; it has positive meanings, such as cute, lovable, and small. In the 21st century, the emotional value accounts for a large part of consumers’ preference. The kawaii feeling might become a key factor for creating affective and pleasurable designs. In a behavior of watching photos, we have subjective, intuitive and strong preference based on our emotional values. In this study, as a study on the kawaii feeling, we conducted experiments to examine whether physiological responses of the brain can be measured when participants get the kawaii feeing in watching photos by the event-related potential (ERP) technique. We measured electroencephalogram of the participants while they were shown kawaii photos, uninteresting photos, and mosaic images. We found that event-related potentials were elicited in response to showing the kawaii photos and the uninteresting photos, while the mosaic photos did not elicit a particular response. ERPs elicited by the kawaii photos had the positive deflection in comparison with ones evoked by the uninteresting photos after about 300-400 msec from onsets of presenting the photos. We concluded that the physiological responses of the brain can be measured when participants get kawaii feeing in watching photos.
Constructing Interactive Virtual Scenarios for Investigating Human Behaviors in Pre-movement Time of High-building Fire
Authors: Qin Hua , Feng Xinxin , Hou Wenhao
Published: February 2022

Many fires in high-buildings have indicated that behaviors of occupants in period of pre-movement are important for survival. Pre-movement time and the behaviors in the pre-movement time are currently referred as most important factors that influence on the time of start to evacuate. The objective of this study is to identify occupants’ behaviors in the pre-evacuation time and the period of the pre-evacuation in the event of high-building in the fire. This study proposes three kinds of factors based on the literature and characteristics of the domestic residential building and fire alarm, which are fire characteristics, building characteristics, human characteristics. Based on these factors, the earlier stage of the whole study constructs interaction scenarios of building interior in fire. Based on the interactive scenes, this study will investigate occupants’ performance in the period of pre-movement time.
Comparing Mystery Shopping with Smartphone and Traditional Mystery Shopping
Authors: Gabrielle Santoso Catherine , Patrick Rau Pei-Luen , Zhang Yubo
Published: February 2022

This study aims to investigate different methodologies in performing mystery shopping programs, i.e. new (call, SMS, and notes) and traditional methodologies in the aspect of shoppers’ workload, satisfaction, consistency, accuracy and timing. For that purpose, a single factor experiment with four levels was designed in this research. A smartphone and computer-mediated experiment was conducted with 40 Chinese students. The results showed that the traditional method was the most consistent method and there was no significant difference among the other three mystery shopping methods. However, the results also demonstrated that traditional method was the least accurate and there was no significant difference among the other three methods. The researcher also found that when conducting a mystery shopping program, the SMS method took the longest time, followed by the calling method. Finally, this research discusses the implications of these findings for developing mystery shopping guidelines.
Specification of Affective User Experience in Product Design
Authors: A. Coelho Denis
Published: February 2022

This contribution reviews approaches and methods for developing product design specifications that place emphasis and priority on affective user experience. Understanding customers’ affective needs is difficult to grasp. For example, if a person wants an impression of luxuriousness, then it is necessary to investigate which product design attributes make the individual sense such an impression. To answer this question, the relationship between affective features and product design attributes should be analyzed, considering an interactive, evolving, and individual perspective. Pleasure with products, Kansei engineering, product emotion, Fuben-eki and product personalities are the approaches reviewed to illustrate the existing resources for specification of affective user experience in design. The notion of a product's ecosystem as part of the design of the user experience is related to experience prototyping. With the aim of providing guidance to designers, this contribution discusses whether the affective user experience specification methods translate directly into product design features, or if these are attained by trial and error, the latter being mostly the case, except for Fuben-eki. An expanding vision of futurism and evolution, based on projected future technological capabilities, may be associated to gradually enriching affective user experiences, increasingly demanding users and enlarging and more pervasive product ecosystems.
Design of Studded Paving Block and Bollard Using LED for Assisting Walk of Low-vision People at Night
Authors: Morimoto Kazunari , Kuwahara Noriaki , Suzuki Yoshinari Gyoba Takao
Published: February 2022

Individuals with low vision tend to avoid going out at night. This is because moving around at night can be very dangerous. The number of individuals with vision-related ailments is increasing with the growing elderly population. There is a need to make moving at night safer for them. In this research, 2 devices using LED lights to guide pedestrians suffering from low vision are designed. The first device is a light emitting studded paving block. By blinking LED lights, the location of studded paving blocks can be confirmed from a distance. The second is a light emitting bollard between car lanes and sidewalks. Up until now, the position of bollards has been difficult to detect visually at night. Making bollards illuminate allows their position to be confirmed and creates a safer atmosphere for the pedestrian. In this research, the brightness level that individuals with low vision are most likely to notice was sought through experiment, and technology was developed to retain this light over a long period of time using minimal electrical current.
Concept and Development of Personal Mobility Vehicles for Indoor Use by Persons with Walking Difficulty
Authors: Sawada Yuichi , Higashi Yoshiyuki , Morimoto Masanobu Nishimura Kazunari
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a concept of personal mobility vehicles for indoor use by PERSONs WITH WALKING DIFFICULTY and its development approach. In recent years, many persons with walking difficulty desire to live independently in the house as long as possible. Especially, existing means of personal mobility vehicles (e.g. electric-powered wheelchairs) face a lot of problems of obstacles in the house such as there exist many steps, furniture, narrow corridors and aisles and so on. In order to live in house independently, the persons with walking difficulty try to do light working. For these purposes, a new type of mobility vehicles for such persons are required to live independently in the house. In this paper, we investigate the new concept of personal mobility vehicles for persons with walking difficulty living independently in the house and its feasibility of development. The required specifications of the proposed personal mobility vehicles are to have compact size, light weight, and omni-directionality. Furthermore, this personal mobility vehicle has the elevation seat and the softness of the seat to change the person’s position for light working.
Creative Design of Powered Wheelchair Based on Concept Analysis and Pleasurable Ideas Proposed by Designers and Educators
Authors: Nishimura Masanobu , Morimoto Kazunari
Published: February 2022

We conducted the pilot study about construction design concept using the development of design ideas in collaboration with educators and designers. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of design results in which the new design method we devised brings. We set a design challenge a vehicle to assist the movement of difficulty walking person in this study. First, we share the knowledge about the physical and psychological characteristics of the user. Then, we share the knowledge about the traveling and function they understand each ideas. We figured that a point of view of driving characteristics required for the vehicle for the mobile support. Finally, designers make the basic vehicle design based on knowledge shared with educators and designers and propose design plan of educators and designers change recognition that wheelchairs are substitution of legs and understood that the consideration for difficulty walking persons makes a deeper design. Though there are a lot of design methods, we figured that we created designs full of innovative and interesting ideas with fusion of deep sensitivity and knowledge for target to design by using the design method in collaboration with educators and designers proposed in this research.
How to Design Great Emotional Experience for Mobile User Interface?
Authors: Tobin Choa Dongbin , Junga Jongwoo , Myunga Insik , Leea Hyewon , W. Jordan Patrick
Published: February 2022

Emotion is easily recognized but difficult to define. For example, emotion has been a famous topic for a long time in user experience (UX) design. However, it has been a question of long standing how to systematically evaluate and design emotion, while maintaining qualitative aspects of emotion (e.g., not-measurable aspects). We developed the systematic tool for emotional UX design, while leaving some room for designer’s creativity. To develop the tool, participants performed various tasks using smartphone, generating both positive and negative emotions. Once people’s emotions were identified, ideal emotional journey, consisting emotional solutions, were created. In order to create ideal emotions, general design principles were proposed. Finally, more specific UX solutions were developed based on general design principles. Some of our UX solutions were applied to design new messenger for smartphone, emotionally augmenting communicating experiences.
Human Concepts Applied on School Design
Authors: Cristina Santos Elza
Published: February 2022

The project to an early childhood school started from this problematic: why do not schools offer efficient quality spaces to early childhood education? As an answer, it was suggested that the school building, besides presenting a fitting spatial solution to a pedagogical proposition, should consider playing as a very important activity in the learning process. Have been considered the hypothesis that most schools do not present appropriate environments for child education and that playful activity in a complex scholar space is essential to this process. The confirmation of these hypothesis led to an idea which embraces the human concepts of welcoming, complexity, versatility, transparence and playfulness, determinative to the project guidelines: integration with the community; open sketch/nature interaction; school as a small learning community; natural lighting and ventilation; cozy environments; walking as a learning tour; adaptability/flexibility/variety; transparence and passive supervision; architecture that teaches/sustainability; exterior spaces and playful stimulus; material, textures and colors as identity elements.
A SWOT Analysis of the Gamification Practices: Challenges, Open Issues and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rapp Amon
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for the gamification field. The analysis will begin with a review of the topics frequently discussed in relation to gamification strengths and weaknesses, by reporting existing works in the field. The work will continue by outlining an analysis of opportunities and threats, that require an examination of marketing and design trends, with the aim to provide a strategy for guessing what lies ahead in the future. We are not aiming at a complete review of all the relevant works in this field; we want to identify a useful tool to spot both positive and negative aspects of gamification, as well as its perspectives of development and its risks of decline, describing some elements through which imagine its future, showing limits, challenges, ethical issues, expectations and possible evolutions of this phenomenon.
Toys and Product Longevity
Authors: Gulden Tore
Published: February 2022

This article explores how a child’s personalization of play themes is connected to the experience of play and furthermore how such creative activity can influence feelings toward toys, and subsequently how this affects the degree of pleasure elicited by play, and finally how this influences the toys’ longevity. The basis for the study is an experiment performed with children from 6 to 9 years old, where situations of purchase and play, were observed. The empirical data is explored within the framework of pragmatist aesthetics and Art as Experience by John Dewey. This analysis brought forth the following key factors for classification: intellectual classification, recognition, resistance, and creation of personal experience. The analysis suggests that there is a tendency for children not to create their own play theme when a new toy is presented through associated media that proposes a theme for the play activity. Furthermore, it is suggested that the personalization of play themes enables the child to create personal experiences, a factor that contributes to a higher degree of pleasure, which can delay the child’s desire to replace the toy. Implications for designers: create toys that let the child in on the process of creating and altering play themes.
Human Factors Engineering at the Transportation Security Administration
Authors: Kudrick Bonnie , Greene Fran
Published: February 2022

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has three engineering psychologists within the Office of Security Capabilities (OSC) who address the human element for the Agency. While many activities and programs cannot be elaborated upon due to security restrictions, a few human factors activities will be reviewed. The human factors team is tasked with writing and reviewing acquisition documents, as well as participating in acquisition milestones that span the Acquisition Lifecycle Framework. The team also works to improve operational efficiency, training effectiveness and data mining efforts by examining how human factors and interactions can be optimized for various processes and procedures. The two primary customers are the Checkpoint Technology and Checked Baggage Technology Programs.The Office has several ongoing research efforts with a number of different performers to investigate a range of human-centered issues. For example, through the Risk-Based Security Workforce Transformation Group, hypotheses were presented regarding the specialization of Officers at the checkpoint: image analysis, passenger interface, and effective interaction. Industrial/Organizational psychologists match job task analysis competencies with batteries of assessments to test for attitudes, attributes and aptitudes that would be predictive of these competencies on the job. Additional human-centered efforts will be discussed throughout this paper.
System Modeling to Identify Agent Functions in Complex Human-Integrated Systems: An Application to Air Transportation
Authors: J. Landry Steven
Published: February 2022

A general method for identifying function allocation in human-integrated systems is discussed and applied to the conflict detection and resolution function in air traffic control. The method involves creating a top-down, hybrid state model, where either human or automated agents must perform the functions of detecting the current system state, controlling the current system state, detecting the minimum time available for controlling the current system state, and controlling the minimum time available for controlling the current system state. These functions are considered necessary and sufficient. Allocation of the functions between human and automation can then be made based on the relative abilities of the humans and automation with respect to system performance and system safety.