bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levels of Superoxide Dismutases, Glutathione, and Poly(ADP‐ribose) Polymerase in Radioresistant Human KB Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Yanagisawa Takamichi , Urade Masahiro , Takahashi Yumiko , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Furuyama Jun‐ichi
Published: August 2005

In order to investigate the radioresistance mechanism of human carcinoma cells, we measured intracellular manganese‐ (Mn‐) and copper/zinc‐ (Cu/Zn‐) superoxide dismutases (SODs), glutathi‐one (GSH) and poly(ADF‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in radioresistant N10 and its parental KB cell lines. The Mn‐SOD level was 1.3‐fold less in N10 than in KB, but Mn‐SOD was induced at 1.3 to 1.5‐fold higher level in N10 than in KB by X‐irradiation (4‐ Gy). Cu/Zn‐SOD in N10 showed a higher level than that in KB both without and with irradiation. In addition, N10 had a 1.65‐fold higher GSH level than did KB and became radiosensitive on treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH. Furthermore, PARP mRNA was highly expressed in N10 as compared to KB under unirradiated conditions. X‐Irradiation reduced the PARP mRNA level in KB in a time‐dependent manner, whereas the PARP mRNA level in N10 was still high at 6 h postirradiation. Assay for PARP activity demonstrated an approximately 3‐fold higher activity in N10 than in KB under unirradiated conditions. X‐Irradiation caused a rapid induction of PARP activity within 1 h in both cell lines, but treatment of cells with nicotinamide, a PARP inhibitor, markedly reduced the enzyme induction in N10, but not in KB, and potentiated the radiosensitivity in N10. These factors may all contribute to the radioresistance of the N10 cell line.
Altered Expression of γ‐Glutamylcysteine Synthetase, Metallothionein and Topoisomerase I or II during Acquisition of Drug Resistance to Cisplatin in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshihiro , Hirata Junko , Yamamoto Kenji , Ishii Kenji , Kita Tsunekazu , Kudoh Kazuya , Tode Takehiko , Nagata Ichiro , Taniguchi Ken , Kuwano Michihiko
Published: August 2005

This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance using two human ovarian cancer cell lines, KF and TYK, and two CDDP‐resistant lines, KFr and TYK/R, derived from the former lines. KFr and TYK/R showed about 3‐fold higher resistance to the cytotoxic effects of CDDP than their parental lines. They also showed a significant increase in sensitivity to not only etoposide, but also (+)‐(4S)‐4, ll‐diethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐9‐[(4‐piperidino‐piperidino)carbonyloxy]‐lH‐pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]inodolizino[l,2‐b]quinoline‐3,14(4H, 12H)‐dione hydrochloride trihydrate (CPT‐11). Cellular CDDP accumulation levels in KFr and TYK/R were decreased from those of the parental cells. By contrast, the cellular glutathione (GSH) content in KFr cells was 1.7‐fold higher than that in KF, whereas TYK/R cells had a 40% lower content than TYK cells. Cellular mRNA levels of drug‐resistance‐related genes, such as DNA topoisomerase (topo) I and topo II, glutathione S‐transferase‐π (GST‐π;), γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (.γ‐GCS), and metallothionein (hMT) genes, were compared between drug‐sensitive KF or TYK and KFr or TYK/R. KFr cells had 8.5‐ and 24.7‐fold higher mRNA levels of γ‐GCS and topo II genes than KF cells while KFr had only a slight increase in GST‐π mRNA level as compared with KF. By contrast, TYK/R cells had 2.9‐ and 1.7‐fold higher hMT and topo I mRNA levels than TYK cells. Acquisition of CDDP resistance in human ovarian cancer cells thus appeared to be related mainly to expression of γ‐GCS, topo II and hMT genes, and partly to that of topo I and GST‐π genes, in addition to a decrease in CDDP accumulation
Inhibition by Protein Kinase C Inhibitor of Expression of Leukocyte Function‐associated Antigen‐1 Molecules in Rat Hepatoma AH66F Cells
Authors: Nomura Masaaki , Sugiura Norihiko , Moritani Shuzo , Miyamoto Ken‐ichi
Published: August 2005

To examine the mechanism of inhibition by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors of the adhesion of highly malignant hepatoma AH66F cells to the mesentery‐derived mesothelial cell (M‐cell) layer through leukocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1)/intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, the effects of a PKC inhibitor, NA‐382, on the expression of LFA‐1 molecules in AH66F cells were examined and compared with those in thymocytes from normal rats. NA‐382 inhibited the adhesion of AH66F cells to the M‐cell layer and the expression of LFA‐1 on the membrane of the hepatoma cells after treatment for more than 24 h. It was confirmed that AH66F cells express similar mRNAs for LFA‐1 subunits to those of thymocytes, and their levels were also decreased after treatment with NA‐382. On the other hand, the LFA‐1‐mediated adhesion and the expression of both protein and mRNA for LFA‐1 subunits in thymocytes were not changed by the PKC inhibitor. These results suggest that the expression of LFA‐1 molecules in AH66F cells may be regulated by PKC via quite different mechanisms from those in normal lymphocytes
Application of Image Analysis and Neural Networks to the Pathology Diagnosis of Intraductal Proliferative Lesions of the Breast
Authors: Fukushima Noriyoshi , Shinbata Hiroyuki , Hasebe Takahiro , Yokose Tomoyuki , Sato Atsushi , Mukai Kiyoshi
Published: August 2005

We studied whether a computer‐assisted system using a combination of data collection by image analysis and analysis by neural networks can differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions. Forty‐six intraductal lesions of the breast were studied by pathologists and by the computer‐assisted system. Histological evaluation was performed independently by three pathologists, and the lesions were classified into pathologically malignant (n= 12), undetermined (n= 13), and benign (n=21). Computerized nuclear image analysis was performed using the CAS200 (Cell Analysis Systems, Elmhurst, IL) system to obtain data on nuclear morphometric and textural features. A neural network was constructed using the morphometric and texture data obtained from teaching cases of malignant and benign lesions. Then data for unknown cases were classified by the constructed neural network into neural network‐malignant (n= 11), ‐undetermined (n= 5), and ‐benign (n = 30). The agreement rate between the diagnosis by pathologists and judgement by the computer‐assisted system was 75%, excluding pathologically undetermined lesions. There were four false‐negative but no false‐positive results. False‐negative cases had nuclei that were quite different from those of the teaching cases. The agreement rate obtained using either morphometric data or texture data only was lower than that using a combination of both. Selection of appropriate teaching data and incorporation of both morphometric and textural parameters seemed important for obtaining more accurate results. The present data suggest that development of a computer‐assisted histopathological diagnosis system for practical use may be possible.
Alternative Splicing of the FHIT Gene in Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Hibi Kenji , Taguchi Masumi , Nakamura Hajime , Hirai Atsushi , Fujikake Yoshihiro , Matsui Takanori , Kasai Yasushi , Akiyama Seiji , Ito Katsuki , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: August 2005

In the present study, we examined the status of the FHIT gene in 112 colorectal cancer and 137 colorectal adenoma specimens. In a total of 5 specimens (4 colorectal cancers and 1 colorectal adenoma), a common smaller product was detected in addition to the normal size product. This smaller product had lost exon 4, the 5′ noncoding region of the FHIT gene, owing to alternative splicing. Moreover, all of the 5 tumors with alternative splicing were located lower on the rectum than the anterior peritoneal reflection.
Evidence that Expression of a Mutated p53 Gene Attenuates Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Gastric Intestinal‐type Carcinomas in vivo
Authors: Ishida Masato , Gomyo Yoshihito , Ohfuji Satoshi , Ikeda Mitsuyuki , Kawasaki Hironaka , Ito Hisao
Published: August 2005

To examine in vivo the validity of the results of experiments in vitro, we analyzed the relationship between p53 gene status and apoptotic cell death of human gastric intestinal‐type adenocarcinomas. Surgical specimens were classified into two categories: 18 gastric cancers with nuclear p53 protein (A), and 17 gastric cancers without nuclear p53 protein (B). Polyraerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism disclosed a shifted band that corresponded to a mutation in the p53 gene in 13 cases (72%) in category A and 3 cases (18%) in category B, the frequency being significantly higher in the former (P<0.05). Apoptotic cells were identified from routinely stained sections and by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). The TUNEL index [TI: (the number of TUNEL‐positive apoptotic cells/the total number of tumor cells) X100] was 3.8 ±1.4% in category A and 4.9 ±1.2% in category B, the value being significantly lower in the former (P< 0.05). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, defined similarly to the TI, was 56.4±16.3% in category A, and it was significantly higher than that in category B (P<0.05). The immunohistochemically detected expression of P21CIP1/WAF1 did not differ between the two categories, while Bax‐positive tumor cells were more frequently detected in category A. These results indicate that (1) expression of a mutated p53 gene attenuates apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer, in accordance with the previous in vitro finding that p53 gene mutation provides a possible selective advantage for tumor cell proliferation, and (2) apoptosis is related not only to expression of p53 and the stage of the cell cycle, but also to p53‐independent and cell cycle‐independent events.
Fibrotic Focus in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: A Histopathological Prognostic Parameter for Tumor Recurrence and Tumor Death within Three Years after the Initial Operation
Authors: Hasebe Takahiro , Tsuda Hitoshi , Tsubono Yoshitaka , Imoto Shigeru , Mukai Kiyoshi
Published: August 2005

We investigated whether the presence of a fibrotic focus (FF) in the primary lesion and in lymph node metastasis is a good predictor of early tumor recurrence or death in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Multivariate relative risk (RR) of tumor recurrence and death according to the presence of FF in the primary tumor was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for other prognostic factors (histologic grade, T classification, nodal status, tumor necrosis, DNA ploidy, c‐erbB‐2 protein expression,p53protein expression, and labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen). For the evaluation of the metastatic status in the axillary lymph nodes, RR of multivariate analysis was adjusted for the presence of FF in the metastatic tumor and the number of lymph nodes involved (1–3 and >3). The presence of FF increased the RR of tumor recurrence significantly for the cases in all stages, and especially for those in stages I and II (RR= 6.9, P<0.05 and RR=25.0, P< 0.005, respectively). All cases that died of disease had FF. Among IDCs with FF, 24 cases had FF in lymph node metastasis. Significantly higher HRs of tumor recurrence and death were observed in cases with FF in lymph node metastasis than in those without it (RR=2.0,P< 0.001 and RR=5.9, P< 0.05, respectively). It was suggested that the presence of FF is an important predictor of early tumor recurrence or death in patients with IDCs. The presence of FF in lymph node metastatic lesions is also a significant prognostic parameter.
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Promoting Effects of Sodium l‐Ascorbate on Two‐stage Bladder Carcinogenesis in Rats
Authors: Kamoto Toshiyuki , Mori Satoru , Murai Takashi , Yamada Yoshihiro , Makino Susumu , Yoshida Osamu , Hiai Hiroshi
Published: August 2005

In the two‐stage rat bladder carcinogenesis model using N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) as an initiator and sodium l‐ascorbate (SA) as a promoter, we found a notable strain difference between F344/DuCrj (F344) and WS/Shi (WS) rats in susceptibility to the promoting effect of SA. Twenty each of F344, WS and reciprocal F1 hybrid rats were given 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then a basal diet with (BBN‐SA group) or without (BBN group) a 5% SA supplement for 32 weeks. In F344 and also in reciprocal F1 hybrids, the number of tumors per rat was significantly higher in the BBN‐SA group than in the BBN group (P<0.0001). In contrast, WS rats were not significantly affected by either treatment (P=0.8). These findings indicate that F344 rats are highly susceptible to the promoter effect of SA, but WS rats are not. Linkage analysis of 108 WS X (WSXF344) F1 backcrosses revealed that this difference was related to a quantitative trait locus mapped on rat Chr. 17 (maximum LOD score, 3.86) named Bladder Tumor Susceptible‐I and possibly another locus on Chr. 5 (maximum LOD score, 2.39). This study has provided the first evidence that host genes influence the risk of bladder cancer development.
High Expression of Uridine Diphosphate‐galactose: Lc3Cer βl‐3 Galactosyltransferase in Human Uterine Endometrial Cancer‐derived Cells as Measured by Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin‐layer Chromatography‐immunostaining
Authors: Yoshiki Junko , Kubushiro Kaneyuki , Tsukazaki Katsumi , Udagawa Yasuhiro , Nozawa Shiro , Iwamori Masao
Published: August 2005

We have developed a new procedure for the selective determination of β1‐3 and β1‐4 galactosyltrans‐ferases with Lc3Cer as the substrate and the microsomes of fetal and adult porcine livers as the enzyme sources. This method was based on the detection of such products as Lc4Cer for β1‐3 galactosyltransferase (β1‐3GT) and nLc4Cer for β1‐4 galactosyltransferase (β1‐4GT), with monoclonal anti‐Lc4Cer and anti‐nLc4Cer antibodies, respectively. This method thus enabled us to differentiate the activity of β1‐3GT from that of 4bT1‐4GT with a high degree of sensitivity. The method was then used to determine the activities of both enzymes in human gynecological carcinoma‐derived cells. Four of the five cell lines derived from uterine endometrial cancer expressed significantly high levels of specific activity of β1‐3GT among the cell lines examined, while their β1‐4GT activities were less than 20% of that for β1‐3GT in the endometrial carcinoma‐derived cells. On the other hand, a higher specific activity of β1‐4GT than that of β1‐3GT was detected in the cell lines derived from uterine cervical and ovarian cancers. These findings were thus found to correlate closely with the rate of expression of Lc4Cer‐ and nLc4Cer‐based carbohydrate chains in the cell lines based on the results of immunohistochemical staining.
Usefulness of a Mouse Myelin Basic Protein Promoter for Gene Therapy of Malignant Glioma: Myelin Basic Protein Promoter Is Strongly Active in Human Malignant Glioma Cells
Authors: Miyao Yasuyoshi , Shimizu Keiji , Tamura Masakazu , Akita Hiromi , Ikeda Kouji , Mabuchi Eiichiro , Kishima Haruhiko , Hayakawa Toru , Ikenaka Kazuhiro
Published: August 2005

We have searched for suitable promoters to regulate the expression of suicide genes for use in gene therapy. We have shown that the 1.3‐kb fragment of the mouse myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter region initiates transcription in mouse glioma cells more efficiently than glial flbrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) promoter. Among three different lengths of the MBP promoter, the shortest (256‐bp) core promoter region initiates transcription as efficiently as 650‐bp or 1.3‐kh MBP promoter lengths in RSV‐M glioma cells. To assess the suitability of the MBP promoter for use in clinical trials of malignant glioma gene therapy, we also had to show that it (the 1.3‐kb length in this case) Is effective in human glioma cells, as well as in murine glioma cells. The activity of the MBP promoter is much higher than that of GFAP or PLP promoter in most human glioma cells, suggesting that the MBP promoter would be best for directing toxic gene expression in gene therapy for patients with malignant glioma. Human glioma cells in which the MBP promoter was strongly active were sensitive to ganciclovir when they were transduced with MBP promoter/herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene‐bearing retroviruses. In conclusion, retrovirus‐targeted gene therapy for malignant glioma using this MBP promoter is a promising candidate for clinical trials.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Primary Breast Cancer in Older Geriatric Women: A Study of 39 Japanese Patients over 80 Years Old
Authors: Morishita Yukio , Tsuda Hitoshi , Fukutomi Takashi , Mukai Kiyoshi , Shimosato Yukio , Hirohashi Setsuo
Published: August 2005

The number of primary breast cancers occurring in elderly women is increasing in Japan. Optimization of treatment regimens in this age group requires precise evaluation of the biological aggressiveness of these tumors as well as the performance status and extent of tumor spread. In 39 breast cancer patients who were at least 80 years old, we examined several parameters; the form of surgical therapy, the lymph node status, presence or absence of distant metastases, the histological type and grade of atypia, and overexpression of the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein in the cancer cells. They were correlated with the clinical outcome of the patient. Of the 33 patients who underwent a mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, five died from cancer recurrence. Only one out of 22 patients without lymph node metastases died from cancer, while four out of the eight patients with metastases to three or more lymph nodes died from cancer recurrence within 2.7 years of surgery. The overall survival curves also differed between patients with low‐risk histological tumors or grade 1 or 2 invasive ductal carcinoma and those with grade 3 invasive dnctal/lobular carcinoma. Overexpression of c‐erbB‐2 also affected survival. Regional recurrence occurred in three out of the six patients for whom only lumpectomy or simple mastectomy was performed. These results indicate that, although primary breast cancer occurring in patients over 80 years old was largely of low‐grade malignancy, patients with three or more lymph node metastases, invasive ductal/lobular carcinomas of grade 3, or c‐erbB‐2 overexpression frequently exhibited an aggressive clinical course.
Transport Mechanisms of Idarubicin, an Anthracycline Derivative, in Human Leukemia HL60 Cells and Mononuclear Cells, and Comparison with Those of Its Analogs
Authors: Nagasawa Kazuki , Ohnishi Noriaki , Yokoyama Teruyoshi
Published: August 2005

Transport mechanisms of idaruhicin (IDA) in HL60 cells, as leukemia cells, and human mononuclear cells (MNCs), as normal cells, were investigated, and compared with those of its analogs. The uptake of IDA by both cell types was temperature‐ and concentration‐dependent, was inhibited competitively by daunorubicin (DNR) and noncompetitively by adriamycin (ADR), and was stimulated by preloading of the cells with DNR and ADR, indicating the partial involvement of a carrier‐mediated mechanism. On pretreatment of the cells with 2,4‐dinitrophenol, IDA uptake by HL60 cells increased, but that by MNCs decreased, suggesting that IDA was partially taken up into HL60 cells via an energy‐independent carrier system, and into MNCs via an energy‐dependent one. We speculated that in HL60 cells the carrier concerned with IDA uptake was common to DNR and ADR, and that the binding site of IDA on the carrier was the same as that for DNR, but not that for ADR, while in MNCs the carrier system consisted of, at least in part, a carrier for DNR uptake and one for ADR uptake, and the binding site of IDA was identical to that for DNR in the former, but different from that for ADR in the latter. It appeared that the uptake of IDA was greater than those of pirarubicin, DNR and ADR in both HL60 cells and MNCs, and that IDA was incorporated into MNCs more efficiently than into HL60 cells because of the higher uptake efficacy of the carrier(s).
Heterogeneity of DNA Ploidy Pattern in Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Primary and Metastatic Sites
Authors: Futakawa Noriaki , Kimura Wataru , Ando Hidehiko , Muto Tetsuichiro , Esaki Yoshiyuki
Published: August 2005

There are few detailed reports on the heterogeneity of the nuclear DNA ploidy pattern in carcinoma of the gallbladder. We studied twelve autopsied cases who died of extended gallbladder carcinoma. Multiple samples were taken from the primary site (Pri), from direct invasion of the liver (Hinf), from hematogenous metastasis to the liver (H), from lymphatic metastasis (LN) and from peritoneal dissemination (P). The DNA ploidy pattern was investigated by image cytometry. Heterogeneity of the DNA ploidy pattern in Pri, Hinf, H, LN and P was found in 7/11, 2/10, 5/10, 2/6 and 3/6 cases, respectively. Aneuploidy was more frequently found in Hinf than at the Pri. The DNA index of Hinf was significantly higher than that of Pri. Several stcmlincs, with different quantities of DNA, were found in Pri. Most of these stemlines were also observed in other sites. These facts may suggest that polyclonal cancer cells rather than one cancer cell or monoclonal cancer cells of a Pri metastasize or infiltrate, and that various polyclonal cancer cells proliferate to different degrees under different circumstances.
The determination of aflatoxins in spices by immunoaffinity column extraction using HPLC
Authors: Bircan Cavit
Published: August 2005

Seventy‐five samples of different spices marketed in Turkey were purchased from bazaars, herbal shops and supermarkets. Equal amounts of paprika, chilli, black peppers and cumin were purchased and used to test and compare the amount of aflatoxin contamination. Two different analytical methods were examined for their efficacy by adding a known amount of aflatoxin to the blank samples of paprika. Twenty‐seven paprika, all the chilli powder and four ground black pepper samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 in the range of 0.5–116.4, 1.6–80.4 and 0.3–1.2 μg kg−1 respectively. Twenty‐three (30%) paprika and chilli powder samples were above the regulatory limits used in the European Union. No aflatoxin contamination was detected in the cumin samples at a detection limit of 0.2 μg kg−1.
The effect of rice flour on pasting and particle size distribution of green gram (Phaseolus radiata, L. Wilczek) dried batter
Authors: Walde Sudhir G. , Tummala Jyothirmayi , Lakshminarayan Sudha M. , Balaraman Manohar
Published: August 2005

The effect on the pasting characteristics of green gram flour of the addition of rice flour was studied. The gelatinization temperature decreased from 75 °C for the control to 72 °C for samples containing different levels of rice flours. Average particle size of dried batter mix increased with the addition of varying percentages of rice (10, 15, 20 and 25%) from a control value of 236 μm to a maximum 310 μm. The addition of rice flour to green gram increased the water absorption in line with the amount of rice flour added. When rice flour was added, the protein content of the mixed sample of green gram batter and rice flour was reduced accordingly and the fat absorption in the samples also decreased. The foaming capacity of native ground flour, measured after 0.5 min, was double (130 mL) that of dried green gram batter (60 mL) which had been prepared by soaking, wet grinding and drying.
Correlation between endothelin expression in early post‐transplant biopsy specimens and long‐term allograft function in living‐related renal transplantation
Authors: Takeda Masashi , Ishida Toshiro , Ishimura Takeshi , Fujisawa Masato
Published: August 2005

Abstract:  Objective:  We investigated whether degree of immunohistochemically evident endothelin (ET) expression in early post‐transplant biopsy specimens could predict long‐term allograft function in living‐related renal transplantation.

Methods:  Allograft biopsy specimens obtained from 40 patients with living‐related transplants were studied. Cases with episodes of acute rejection or calcineurin inhibitor toxicity were excluded. We immunostained graft biopsy specimens obtained at pre‐transplantation (PRE) and at 3 months (3M) afterward with anti‐ET antibody. The number of stained tubular epithelial cells per 1000 tubular cells was defined as the staining index (SI). In the 21 patients whom we could assess at 3 yr (3Y) after transplantation, the correlation between ET expression and long‐term graft function was examined.

Results:  Anti‐ET antibody staining was appreciable in tubular epithelium but not in glomeruli. Tubular SI at PRE and at 3M were 10.6 ± 15.3 and 32.0 ± 35.6 (mean ± SD) respectively (p < 0.01). When patients were classified according to SI (group A, SI < 25; group B, SI > 25), declining ratio in creatinine clearance at 3Y after transplantation for groups A and B with respect was 21.8% ± 15.4% and 41.9% ± 21.6% (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:  High ET expression in early post‐transplantion, biopsy specimens was related to poor long‐term allograft function following living‐related renal transplantation.
The Formation of Top Managers: a Discourse Analysis of Five Managerial Autobiographies
Authors: Sims David B. P.
Published: August 2005

What do top managers see as the root of their success? This paper reports on a discourse analysis of five autobiographies from major industrial figures. Those chosen all had some disruption (war, being a refugee, or immigrant status) between the culture of their childhood and the culture in which they undertook their careers. This makes them more aware than most of their upbringing. Their accounts of their first 20 years are examined, and themes are drawn out for each of them. These themes are tabulated and some of the differences between them are discussed. Common themes are conspicuous by their absence. The paper discusses why this should not surprise us; top management is not one activity in one culture, and an upbringing that might have led one of these managers to success might have been disadvantageous to another. The paper concludes that the common factor between the accounts of the managers is that they all regard their upbringing as having fitted them particularly well for the company, industry and culture in which they were eventually successful.
WHEN IS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE JUSTIFIED?
Authors: ALDERSON STANLEY
Published: August 2005

“Along with such things as free and regular elections and an independent judiciary empowered to interpret the constitution (not necessarily written), civil disobedience used with due restraint and sound judgment helps to maintain and strengthen just institutions.”—John Rawls, A Theory of Justice.
THE OBSERVER
Authors: CRICK BERNARD
Published: August 2005

“I have spent a most dismal day, first in going to church, then in reading the Sunday Times which grows duller and duller… then in reading through the rough draft of my novel which depresses me horribly. I really don't know which is the more stinking, the Sunday Times or the Observer. I go from one to the other like an invalid turning from side to side in bed and getting no comfort whichever way he turns.”

(From a letter of Eric Blair written on a Sunday in 1932)
Pleiotrophin inhibits HIV infection by binding the cell surface‐expressed nucleolin
Authors: Said Elias A. , Courty José , Svab Josette , Delbé Jean , Krust Bernard , Hovanessian Ara G.
Published: August 2005

The growth factor pleiotrophin (PTN) has been reported to bind heparan sulfate and nucleolin, two components of the cell surface implicated in the attachment of HIV‐1 particles to cells. Here we show that PTN inhibits HIV‐1 infection by its capacity to inhibit HIV‐1 particle attachment to the surface of permissive cells. The β‐sheet domains of PTN appear to be implicated in this inhibitory effect on the HIV infection, in particular the domain containing amino acids 60–110. PTN binding to the cell surface is mediated by high and low affinity binding sites. Other inhibitors of HIV attachment known to bind specifically surface expressed nucleolin, such as the pseudopeptide HB‐19 and the cytokine midkine prevent the binding of PTN to its low affinity‐binding site. Confocal immunofluorescence laser microscopy revealed that the cross‐linking of surface‐bound PTN with a specific antibody results in the clustering of cell surface‐expressed nucleolin and the colocalization of both PTN and nucleolin signals. Following its binding to surface‐nucleolin, PTN is internalized by a temperature sensitive mechanism, a process which is inhibited by HB‐19 and is independent of heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Nevertheless, proteoglycans might play a role in the concentration of PTN on the cell surface for a more efficient interaction with nucleolin. Our results demonstrate for the first time that PTN inhibits HIV infection and suggest that the cell surface‐expressed nucleolin is a low affinity receptor for PTN binding to cells and it is also implicated in PTN entry into cells by an active process.
Estimating Hydraulic Properties Using a Moving‐Model Approach and Multiple Aquifer Tests
Authors: Halford Keith J. , Yobbi Dann
Published: August 2005

A new method was developed for characterizing geohydrologic columns that extended >600 m deep at sites with as many as six discrete aquifers. This method was applied at 12 sites within the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Sites typically were equipped with multiple production wells, one for each aquifer and one or more observation wells per aquifer. The average hydraulic properties of the aquifers and confining units within radii of 30 to >300 m were characterized at each site. Aquifers were pumped individually and water levels were monitored in stressed and adjacent aquifers during each pumping event. Drawdowns at a site were interpreted using a radial numerical model that extended from land surface to the base of the geohydrologic column and simulated all pumping events. Conceptually, the radial model moves between stress periods and recenters on the production well during each test. Hydraulic conductivity was assumed homogeneous and isotropic within each aquifer and confining unit. Hydraulic property estimates for all of the aquifers and confining units were consistent and reasonable because results from multiple aquifers and pumping events were analyzed simultaneously.
Evolution ofBuchloë dactyloidesbased on cloning and sequencing ofmatK,rbcL, andcobgenes from plastid and mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Budak Hikmet , Shearman Robert C , Dweikat Ismail
Published: August 2005

Buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Englem), a C4turfgrass species, is native to the Great Plains region of North America. The evolutionary implications of buffalograss are unclear. Sequencing of rbcL and matK genes from plastid and the cob gene from mitochondrial genomes was examined to elucidate buffalograss evolution. This study is the first to report sequencing of these genes from organelle genomes in the genus Buchloë. Comparisons of sequence data from the mitochondrial and plastid genome revealed that all genotypes contained the same cytoplasmic origin. There were some rearrangements detected in mitochondrial genome. The buffalograss genome appears to have evolved through the rearrangements of convergent subgenomic domains. Combined analyses of plastid genes suggest that the evolutionary process in Buchloë accessions studied was monophyletic rather than polyphyletic. However, since plastid and mitochondrial genomes are generally uniparentally inherited, the evolutionary history of these genomes may not reflect the evolutionary history of the organism, especially in a species in which out-crossing is common. The sequence information obtained from this study can be used as a genome-specific marker for investigation of the buffalograss polyploidy complex and testing of the mode of plastid and mitochondrial transmission in genus Buchloë.Key words: buffalograss, evolution, organelle genomes, turfgrass.
Isaac-CACTA transposons: new genetic markers in maize and sorghum
Authors: Lee Ju Kyong , Kwon Soon-Jae , Park Kyong-Cheul , Kim Nam-Soo
Published: August 2005

CACTA is an En/Spm transposon superfamily present in high copy number in plant genomes, and Isaac is a subfamily of the CACTA superfamily. The TIR sequence of the Isaac subfamily was used for the purpose of transposon display (TD) in maize and sorghum. The Isaac TD produced 5080 amplified fragments, depending on the primer combination, and the amplification profile was highly polymorphic among maize inbred lines. Isaac TD-based phylogenetic clustering distinguished the maize inbred lines according to their lineages and was consistent with the results of phylogenetic reports derived from other marker techniques by others researchers. The Isaac TD profile proved to be highly reproducible with different brands of Taq DNA polymerases and thermocyclers. The Isaac TD was also applied to recombinant inbred lines to assess genetic segregation; we observed 4050 recordable segregation markers, depending on the primer combination. These Isaac TD markers segregated mostly as dominant markers, although, in a few cases, non-parental bands were observed in the segregating populations. In addition, the Isaac TD was very successful in the amplification of sorghum accessions. Therefore, the Isaac TD may provide another useful protocol for genetic analysis in maize and sorghum.Key words: CACTA, Isaac, transposon display, maize, sorghum.
DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR MØLLER'S ENERGY IN THE KASNER-TYPE SPACETIME
Authors: SALTI MUSTAFA
Published: August 2005

Considering the Møller energy definition in both Einstein's theory of general relativity and tele-parallel theory of gravity, we find the energy of the universe based on viscous Kasner-type metrics. The energy distribution which includes both the matter and gravitational field is found to be zero in both of these different gravitation theories and this result agrees with previous works of Cooperstock and Israelit et al., Banerjee–Sen, Vargas who investigated the problem of the energy in Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe in Einstein's theory of general relativity and Aydogdu–Saltı who considered the same problem in tele-parallel gravity. In all of these works, they found that the energy of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetime is zero. Our result is the same as that obtained in the studies of Saltı and Havare. They used the viscous Kasner-type metric and found the total energy and momentum by using Bergmann–Thomson energy–momentum formulation in both general relativity and tele-parallel gravity. The result that the total energy and momentum components of the universe is zero supports the viewpoints of Albrow and Tryon.
NEW RESULTS ON PRECISION STUDIES OF HEAVY VECTOR BOSON PHYSICS
Authors: WARD B. F. L. , GLOSSER C. , JADACH S. , PLACZEK W. , SKRZYPEK M. , WAS Z. , YOST S. A.
Published: August 2005

We present new results for two important heavy vector boson physics processes: (1), virtual corrections to hard bremsstrahlung which are relevant to precision predictions for the radiative return process in Z boson production at and beyond LEP2 energies; and, (2), electric charge screening effects in single W production with finite pT, multiple photon radiation in high energy collider physics processes. In both cases we show that we improve the respective precision tag significantly. Phenomenological implications are discussed.
Search for Compositeness in Dilepton Final States at DØ
Authors:   For the DØ Collaboration., Chakrabarti Subhendu
Published: August 2005

We report preliminary results of a search for substructure in quarks and leptons assuming a four-fermion contact interaction for dielectron pairs of large invariant mass. The search is based on dielectron data collected by the DØ detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text]. The results agree well with predictions of the standard model and we obtain model-dependent lower limits at 95% confidence level on the compositeness scale of 3.6 to 9.1 TeV for different chiral models of the composite structure of quarks and electrons.
Search for R-Parity violating SUSY with the DØ Experiment
Authors:   for the DØ Collaboration., Autermann Christian
Published: August 2005

We have searched for R-parity violating supersymmetry in final states with electrons and muons, assuming a single non-zero LLĒ or [Formula: see text] coupling, in particular λ121, λ122 or λ′211. In the absence of an excess in the data, upper cross-section limits are set as a function of gaugino and slepton masses.

The searches are performed on data collected with the DØ detector in Run II, at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV and an integrated luminosity of up to 240 pb-1. All limits are improving significantly compared to the DØ Run I results.
SEARCH FOR ASSOCIATE CHARGINO NEUTRALINO PRODUCTION IN TRILEPTON FINAL STATES
Authors: BLUMENSCHEIN ULLA
Published: August 2005

Searches have been performed for the trilepton decay signature from the associated production of the lightest chargino and the next-to-lightest neutralino in leptonic channels with (a) two electrons and a lepton, (b) an electron, a muon and a lepton (c) two muons and a lepton and (d) two like-sign muons. The searches use data taken with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 147 pb-1 to 249 pb-1.
A Fresh Look at Gauge Coupling Unification
Authors: Bourilkov Dimitri
Published: August 2005

The apparent unification of gauge couplings around 1016 GeV is one of the strong arguments in favor of Supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model (SM). In this contribution a new analysis, using the latest experimental data, is performed. The strong coupling αs emerges as the key factor for evaluating the results of the fits, as the experimental and theoretical uncertainties in its measurements are substantially higher than for the electromagnetic and weak couplings. The present analysis pays special attention to numerical and statistical details. The results, combined with the current limits on the supersymmetric particle masses, favor a value for the SUSY scale ≲ 150 GeV and for αs = 0.118 - 0.119.
NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY AND LEPTON FLAVOR VIOLATION
Authors: CIRIGLIANO VINCENZO
Published: August 2005

I argue that muon lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes (such as μ → eγ and μ → e conversion in nuclei) provide a useful diagnostic tool to determine whether or not the effective neutrino mass can be safely extracted from the rate of neutrinoless double beta decay.
INVESTIGATION OF HIGGS BOSONS IN THE LOW MASS REGION WITH ATLAS
Authors:   on behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration., BAFFIONI STEPHANIE
Published: August 2005

The present constraints from electroweak radiative corrections suggest that the low mass region will be particularly interesting in future Higgs boson searches. In this paper, the discovery potential for a search of a low mass Standard Model Higgs boson, as well as the sensitivity to the lightest Higgs boson of the MSSM (h) are presented as a function of the collected luminosity, for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.
CMS Preparations for New Physics Searches Involving Lepton Final States
Authors:   On behalf of the CMS Collaboration., Cavanaugh Richard
Published: August 2005

In 2007, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will circulate and collide proton-proton beams at an expected center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of four experiments at the LHC and has been designed with particular attention to selecting and reconstructing muons with high redundancy. This paper briefly describes the CMS Muon System and provides an overview of CMS preparations for new physics searches involving lepton final states during the early phases of running at the LHC.
EFFECTS OF STRINGS IN INFLATION AND REHEATING
Authors: FREY ANDREW R.
Published: August 2005

We argue that many models of inflation in string theory require the usual ten-dimensional compactification geometry to be modified during inflation. Based on arguments from the four-dimensional effective theory, we propose a modified ten-dimensional geometry in which the four-dimensional effective theory is just consistent. We also discuss the implications of the light modes in reheating, following inflation. (Based on work in progress with Anupam Mazumdar and Robert Myers.)
B MIXING and FLAVOR TAGGING at CDF
Authors:   for the CDF Collaboration., Russ James S.
Published: August 2005

The CDF Collaboration has made a preliminary measurement of B d mixing as a first step toward measuring mixing in the B s system. Flavor tagging using opposite-side jets and muons as well as same-side tagging schemes have been applied. Results agree well with precise results from the B -factories. We use these results to estimate CDF's B s mixing range using the present data set (~250pb-1) and extrapolate to the potential from larger data sets in future running.
CP Violation in b → s Decays and New Physics Phases
Authors:   for the Belle Collaboration., GARMASH ALEXEI
Published: August 2005

We present new measurements of CP-violation parameters in B0 → ϕK0, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] decays based on a sample of [Formula: see text] pairs collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e- collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in one of the specified decay channels, and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. CP-violation parameters for each of the decay modes are obtained from the asymmetries in the distributions of the proper-time intervals between the two B decays. All results are preliminary.
Constraints upon the CKM angle ϕ2 (α) from Belle
Authors:   For the Belle Collaboration., Schwartz A. J.
Published: August 2005

The Belle experiment has measured branching fractions and CP asymmetries for the charmless decays B0 → π+π- and B0 → ρ±π∓. From these measurements, constraints upon the CKM angle ϕ2 can be obtained. These constraints indicate that ϕ2 is around 100°.
PROPER PROJECTIVE SYMMETRY IN SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC STATIC SPACE–TIMES
Authors: SHABBIR GHULAM , QURESHI M. AMER
Published: August 2005

A study of proper projective symmetry in spherically symmetric static space–times is given by using algebraic and direct integration techniques. It is shown that a special class of the above space–time admits proper projective vector fields.
A MARKOV CHAIN MODEL OF PREDATOR-MODEL-MIMIC INTERACTIONS
Authors: TSOULARIS A. , WALLACE J.
Published: August 2005

The population dynamics for predator and prey environments have been studied extensively, and several major mathematical models have been introduced to quantify this. The situation becomes more complex, however, when the prey incorporates preservation strategies for survival. One of the most interesting approaches here is the use of mimicry of prey which are unacceptable to the predator, to avoid being consumed. Here we develop a Markov chain model of interactions between a predator and a prey population comprising unpalatable models, general mimics and specific mimics. This incorporates a simple stochastic procedure for the predator, enabling modifiable behavior to be modeled. We calculate equilibrium consumption probabilities and introduce a fitness measure for each type of prey. Finally, by taking into account the population size of each type of prey, we extend the previously reported notion of a predator benefit function for this more complex situation and provide various mathematical forms of optimal benefit for the predator under selected scenarios of biological importance.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OFNa+/K+ATPase: INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISM FOR THE GENESIS OF MULTI-ISOFORMS OF PROTEIN COMPLEX
Authors: MA FEI , HUANG HUIFANG , LIN LUPING , XUE CHENGHAI , LI-LING JESSE , CHEN LIMING , WANG YIQUAN , LI QINGWEI , LI YANGDA
Published: August 2005

One most notable trend during the evolution is the substantial expansion of genomes along with dramatic expansion of protein diversity. It has been discovered that, whilst in prokaryotes subunits of many proteinases are encoded by single genes, these are mostly encoded by multi-genes in eukaryotes. To understand the mechanism for the genesis of multi-isoforms of protein complex, we have analyzed amino acid sequences of Na+/ K+ATPase from various species ranging from archaea to vertebrates. Phylogenetic relationship between the selected species was considered from the perspective of important functional domains of Na+/ K+ATPase including cation ATPase N termination, E1-E2 ATPase, hydrolase, and cation ATPase C termination of the α subunit, Na+/ K+ATPase of the β subunit, and ATP1G1_PLM_MAT8 of the γ subunit. Coincident trees, obtained through comparison of aforementioned domains of the α and β subunits, were used to examine the evolutionary divergence. By conservational and phylogenetic analyses, evolution of the Na+/ K+ATPase was outlined. Evidence was also found that essential domains of the Na+/ K+ATPase have been conserved during the evolution. These investigations seem to imply that various isoforms of α and β subunits of vertebral Na+/ K+ATPases have evolved from single ancestral α and β subunit genes through duplication events. In addition, our results seem to suggest a third fate for duplicated genes, e.g. the duplicate may have the same function as their ancestor gene. The results may also provide important clues to the underlying mechanisms of genesis of Na+/ K+ATPase multi-isoforms.
Amyloidosis
Authors: Pepys Mark B.
Published: August 2005

Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder caused by extracellular deposition of insoluble abnormal fibrils, derived from aggregation of misfolded, normally soluble, protein. About 23 different unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in vivo, which share a pathognomonic structure although they are associated with clinically distinct conditions. Systemic amyloidosis, with amyloid deposits in the viscera, blood vessel walls, and connective tissue, is usually fatal and is the cause of about one per thousand deaths in developed countries. This rarity and the variable involvement of different organs and tissues are often responsible for missed or delayed diagnosis, and amyloidosis remains a considerable clinical challenge. However, recent elucidation of important aspects of pathogenesis, as well as developments in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, have greatly improved outcomes, especially when patients are managed in specialist centers.
Chronic rosiglitazone treatment restores AMPKα2 activity in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Lessard Sarah J. , Chen Zhi-Ping , Watt Matthew J. , Hashem Michael , Reid Julianne J. , Febbraio Mark A. , Kemp Bruce E. , Hawley John A.
Published: August 2005

Rosiglitazone (RSG) is an insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) that exerts peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-dependent and -independent effects. We tested the hypothesis that part of the insulin-sensitizing effect of RSG is mediated through the action of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). First, we determined the effect of acute (30–60 min) incubation of L6 myotubes with RSG on AMPK regulation and palmitate oxidation. Compared with control (DMSO), 200 μM RSG increased ( P < 0.05) AMPKα1 activity and phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr172). In addition, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Ser218) phosphorylation and palmitate oxidation were increased ( P < 0.05) in these cells. To investigate the effects of chronic RSG treatment on AMPK regulation in skeletal muscle in vivo, obese Zucker rats were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: control and RSG. Lean Zucker rats were treated with vehicle and acted as a control group for obese Zucker rats. Rats were dosed daily for 6 wk with either vehicle (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, 100 μl/100 g body mass), or 3 mg/kg RSG. AMPKα1 activity was similar in muscle from lean and obese animals and was unaffected by RSG treatment. AMPKα2 activity was ∼25% lower in obese vs. lean animals ( P < 0.05) but was normalized to control values after RSG treatment. ACC phosphorylation was decreased with obesity ( P < 0.05) but restored to the level of lean controls with RSG treatment. Our data demonstrate that RSG restores AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats.