bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change risks for the West African Economic and Monetary Union reduction advanced approaches
Authors: Badolo Mathieu
Published: October 2024

In many regions of the world, economic and social development levers include economic, social, institutional and political subregional and regional integration organizations. In climate vulnerability contexts, climate change adverse effects could deteriorate these development levers, reduce their contribution to economic and social development and their impacts. A solution for reducing these risks is to integrate subregional integration organizations into national and regional climate change resilience policies. In this article, the Badolo resilience formalism and the ClimResilience scientific framework are used to develop the Badolo UemoaClimPrsopect scientific framework. It suggests West African economic and monetary union configurations to be achieved to protect it from climate change direct and indirect adverse effects. They are governed by specific climate change impacts, vulnerability factors, resilience solutions classes. Basically, the Badolo UemoaClimPrsopect scientific framework proposes a new approach, methodological tools, information bodies and decision making tools to efficiently build the West African Economic and Monetary Union configurations which protect it from regression dynamics linked to the impacts of climate change
Acute stress impairs visual narrative comprehension in younger but not older adults
Authors: Varkentin Ekaterina , Brich Irina R , Kurmanbekova Kurmanzhan , Huff Markus
Published: October 2024

Visual narrative comprehension is essential for navigating modern society, where information, rules, and news are frequently communicated through images, diagrams, and visual stories. Encoding a coherent narrative from disparate elements is critical for all age groups. Although recent data indicate that stress levels have risen compared to previous decades, the impact of stress on visual narrative comprehension remains underexplored. This study explored how acute stress affects narrative comprehension in younger (N = 203, 18-57 years; M = 23 years; Experiment 1) and older adults (N = 212, 60-85 years; M = 67 years; Experiment 2). Participants were assessed under both acute stress and neutral conditions. A tool for inducing acute stress online employed mathematical and logical tasks under time pressure, along with elements that simulate social stress. Participants were presented with pictorial stories comprising three panels, where the second panel was intentionally left blank. Their task was to comprehend the stories and determine whether the presented pictorial inference for the missing event was correct or incorrect. Results revealed that acute stress negatively impacted narrative comprehension in younger adults, while the older adults' comprehension remained unaffected by acute stress. Similarly, younger adults demonstrated reduced confidence in their responses under stress, whereas older adults’ confidence levels remained unaffected. These findings highlight the relationship between visual narrative comprehension, stress, and aging, suggesting that, with age and experience, comprehenders may develop more differentiated event schemas, which makes their comprehension processes more resilient to stress.Public Significance Statement: Understanding how cognitive and perceptional processes function under stress is crucial for daily life across all age groups. Our research demonstrates that acute stress leads to a decline in visual narrative comprehension only in younger adults, while older adults' narrative comprehension remains stable despite stress. This finding suggests that older adults may employ more effective coping mechanisms, which helps maintain their cognitive stability in the face of stress. Consequently, narrative comprehension appears to be more resilient compared to other fundamental cognitive skills. These insights could inform interventions and strategies to support cognitive health across different age groups.
Neural Network Predictive Analysis of Echoic Behavior for Children with Autism
Authors: Ninness Chris , Mason Lee
Published: October 2024

As an exploration of machine learning strategies applied to behavior analytic investigations, we sought to predict the likelihood that particular children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) would develop echoic verbal behavior. After retrieving 143 case records of children assessed with the VB-MAPP from a data repository, we reserved 22 case records for holdout analysis. Through iterative development, the model achieved 100% accuracy in predicting the presence or absence of an echoic repertoire. While the functional value of predicting a known outcome might be questioned, it is only possible to gauge the accuracy of any prediction technique when known outcomes are available. Thus, rather than trying to predict a completely unknown outcome, our experimental preparations were directed at gauging the multilayer perceptron’s (MLP) ability to predict at high levels of precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall prediction accuracy while accessing a limited dataset from one children’s healthcare setting. We discuss procedures for employing this machine learning strategy in conjunction with a receiver operator characteristics analysis of our findings. We developed this study as a general guide for using one of several quickly evolving neural network methodologies for behavior analytic researchers, and we examine specifics regarding MLP functions and operations as they relate to providing more efficacious treatment for children with ASD.
Application of AI-driven autonomous hardware test system
Authors: Wang Xiaoyin
Published: October 2024

Abstract：With the rapid development of hardware technology, the diversity of hardware architecture, the complexity of hardware modules, the increase of real-time functions and power management, as well as self-applicability and flexibility, the development of hardware technology has brought about the complexity of architecture, modules, performance and power management, etc. Traditional test methods cannot cope with such a complex and diverse hardware architecture. Based on the above problems, standard is proposed to combine artificial intelligence and hardware test system. The system can automatically identify key indicators according to hardware characteristics and performance through artificial intelligence model, and adjust the test plan independently, to optimize the test process, improve the test efficiency, and shorten the market cycle of products.Keywords: artificial intelligence, automatically identify, hardware modules, hardware test system
A study of functional outcome in unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated by proximal femoral nailing in Bundelkhand region
Authors: Pranjal Mishra  , Satish Agarwal  , Paras Gupta
Published: October 2024

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are the most frequent fractures of the hip joint. This is attributed to the increase in the elderly population in our country, along with osteoporosis being prevalent in these populations.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to prospectively analyze the functional outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed with “proximal femoral nail” (PFN).
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on 48 cases of unstable intertrochanteric in Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between June 2022 and December 2023.
Results: In our study, the mean age of the patient is 36.16 and the most common age group is 41–60 years, 33.33%, and >60 years, 41.67%. In forty-eight cases, 37 (77.08%) were male patients, and 11 (22.92%) were female patients. The Harris hip score patients follow-up after 3 months 8 (16.67%) patients of excellent outcomes, 18 (37.50%) patients of good outcomes, 12 (25.00%) of fair outcomes, and 10 (20.83%) patients of poor outcomes. The Harris hip score patients follow-up after 6 months 24 (50%) patients of excellent outcomes, 20 (41.67%) patients of good outcomes, 2 (4.17%) of fair outcomes, and 2 (4.17%) patients of poor outcomes.
Conclusion: In unstable proximal femur fractures, PFN is a significant advancement in the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures which has the unique advantages of closed reduction, preservation of fracture hematoma, less tissue damage, early rehabilitation, and early return to work.
Clinicoradiological, pathological, and surgical outcome in patients with tethered cord syndrome: A prospective study
Authors: Sridham Sutradhar  , Anand Sharma  , Avinash Sharma  , Harsh Deo Pandey  , Kiran Ahire
Published: October 2024

Background: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a stretch-induced functional disorder of the spinal cord in which the caudal part is anchored by an inelastic structure. It is believed that, if the viscoelasticity of the filum is lost or compromised by either fatty infiltration or abnormal thickening, caudal tension and traction may cause undue stress upon the conus, resulting in TCS. It typically occurs in children, and it is rare in adults.
Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to know the clinicoradiological, pathological, and surgical outcomes in patients with TCS.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study done in the premier institute of central India from May 2022 to April 2024. This study included patients who exhibited clinical and/or radiological features of congenital tethered cords. This encompassed both patients with tethered cord and those with TCS. Patients who failed to give consent and refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study.
Results: A total of 30 patients were recruited for the study. The median age of the patients was 6–12 months (range). The gender distribution M:F was 63.3:36.6. Based on 30 cases studied, most of the patients (75%) had improvement in urinary symptoms, 57.1% of patients had improvement in bowel symptoms, 80% of patients had improvement in pain symptoms, 75% had improvement in motor deficit, and 83.3% had improvement in sensory deficit.
Conclusion: Our prospective, cross-sectional study aimed at complete detethering of the spinal cord and the nerve roots along with excision of filum terminale and dural reconstruction to maintain adequate cerebrospinal fluid space around the spinal cord to prevent retethering.
Association of tobacco and alcohol consumption with hypertension among Hindu priests in Central India
Authors: Arpit Verma  , Ruchika Sharma  , Aanchal Bijlwan  , Saket Kale
Published: October 2024

Background: Alcohol and tobacco use are among the major risk factors for causing hypertension in the adult population globally as well as in India. India being a religious country harbor’s large number of Hindu temples which are conventionally managed by a dedicated population of Hindu priests. The prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in this special population of priests in India is not well established along with the associated risk of hypertension.
Aims and Objectives: First, to study the pattern of use of habit-forming substances; tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis derivatives among priests in central India. Second, to find the relationship between the use of tobacco smoking, chewing, and alcohol with hypertension.
Materials and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional survey on Hindu priests of registered temples of a Pilgrimage city in Central India. The study utilizes a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire for interviewing 440 study participants. It included a sociodemographic profile, history of use of habit-forming substances, the presence of known hypertension, and measurement of blood pressure.
Results: Out of 440 study participants; 280 (63.6%) were currently using habit-forming substances, whereas 160 (36.4%) number of participants had never used it. The current study found the prevalence of hypertension to be 31.9%. A statistically significant relationship of hypertension with the use of alcohol (χ2=44.2), tobacco chewing (χ2=106.1), and smoking (χ2=74.3) was found.
Conclusion: The current study concludes that the use of Habit-forming substances, especially alcohol, tobacco chewing, and smoking, are prevalent among priests which are known risk factors for hypertension in the general population. Hence all screening/interventions applicable for these risk factors should be applied to this special population of priests.
Study of correlation between arches of foot and lower back pain in Eastern India
Authors: Sounak Dasgupta  , Rajarshi Datta  , Rajasri Chunder  , Arpita Sarkar  , Sayantani Majumdar  , Arpita Layek
Published: October 2024

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system, leading to impaired function and decreased quality of life in many patients. Foot arch alterations may lead to structural changes and/or affect its load distribution. It should be noted that even slight elevations of the foot’s medial longitudinal arch above the norm may lead to changes in load and pressure distribution. Hence, it becomes important to find the relationship between low back pain and altered foot arch indices leading to improper body balance.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to find any correlation between lower back pain and an altered foot arch index in the Eastern Indian population.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects aged 20–40 years with varying degrees of low back pain were selected. Low back pain scores of the subjects were found using modified oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Footprints in standing position using ink were taken on graph paper and the foot arch indices were calculated.
Results: 54.16% of the male and 36.11% of female participants had low arched feet, 20.83% of male and 52.78% of female participants had normal arched feet, and 25% of male and 11.11% of female participants had high arched feet with varying degrees of low back pain. 77.42% of the participants with minimal disability due to low back pain were having normal arched feet, 71.43% of the participants with moderate disability due to low back pain were having low arched feet, and 100% of the participants with severe disability due to low back pain were having either high or low arched feet.
Conclusion: This study showed that people having either low or high arched feet are at an increased risk of developing acute or chronic low back pain at some stage in their lives. Knowledge of this risk factor might even help people to choose appropriate occupations in the future.
Intramuscular ganglionic cyst in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the leg: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Ajeet Kumar Yadav  , Brijmohan Patel  , Vivek Kumar Shrivastava  , Amit Kumar Rajan
Published: October 2024

Ganglionic cysts are benign soft-tissue lesions with unclear etiology and pathogenesis commonly occurring on the wrists and hands. Although their diagnosis and management in these characteristic locations are easy, rare occurrences in atypical locations are difficult to diagnose. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are helpful in diagnosing and differentiating a ganglionic cyst from other soft-tissue lesions. Here, we report a case of 60-year-old male patient with intramuscular ganglionic cyst, measuring 68×41×48 mm, arising in the extensor digitorum muscle of the left leg, which was diagnosed using MRI and treated using excision and biopsy.
Extrachromosomal DNA : New Players in Oncology
Authors: Ruby Dhar  , Arun Kumar  , Subhradip Karmakar
Published: October 2024

DNA that is found outside the main chromosomes in a cell's nucleus is known as extrachromosomal DNA. This type of DNA is not part of the standard 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans and instead exists as standalone circular or linear DNA structures. Unlike bacterial plasmids, extrachromosomal DNA in human cells contains important genetic material and holds particular significance in cancer cells. Critical characteristics of ecDNA in Cancer is that they frequently harbour amplified versions of oncogenes such as MYC, EGFR, and CCND1. These oncogenes propel the growth and survival of tumors. Cancer cells utilize ecDNA to generate multiple copies of these oncogenes, amplifying their expression without requiring alterations to the chromosomal structure. This amplification grants the cancer cells a competitive edge in growth. ecDNA plays a crucial role in the advancement and growth of cancer, as it amplifies oncogenes, genetic diversity, and resistance to treatments. Its adaptable and ever-changing characteristics empower cancer cells to adjust to external influences such as medication. Gaining insights into ecDNA's operations and impacts could lead to new possibilities for diagnosing and treating cancer, as well as developing therapies aimed at this distinct DNA structure.
How Gender is Constructed through the Activities of Everyday Life: A Justification with Number of References
Authors: Adhikari Anup , Sigdel Bhim Raj
Published: October 2024

This review article validates how gender is constructed through the activities of both males' and females' everyday life and provides the sufficient replies for them who always ask how the gender is socially created. In accordance to the various references - a case study, secondary data and systematic literature review along with content analysis method is applied to verify the creation of gender, and gender roles in every society from their performances. Gender is not the issue of certain society but the matter of global society, remains as an element of inequality on various situations and this study seeks more evidences which justify how gender is socio-culturally assembled. Gender roles change in relation to sex gradually and nowadays, technological developments engross gender roles on another level. The roles accomplished by females in previous societies were initiated to be done by males and vice versa. Therefore, what activities males alongside females perform within and outside households according to their needs; and how those activities contribute to creating new gender roles in their own and in the global society have been assessed. Hence, the article finally concludes that gender is a relative social product, and is constructed due to the role performances according to the norms and values of a particular society on the basis of sex differences.
Job Satisfaction in Kathmandu's Hospitality Industry: Exploring Work Environment, Compensation, and Employee Retention
Authors: Khanal Manokanksha , Shrestha Rupa
Published: October 2024

The paper discusses the job satisfaction of employees in the hospitality industry, relating to star-rated hotels and high-quality restaurants in Kathmandu. In this sector, which faces long hours of work, high labor turnover, and heavy workloads, the present research study has tried to assess the satisfaction of the employees concerning the work environment, compensation, workload, benefits, job security, and professional development opportunities. Data for this descriptive quantitative research design were obtained from 144 employees from various departments, mainly food and beverage service and food production. The findings showed that workers were satisfied with their remuneration and work-life balance, as well as working conditions in general: 87.5% were adequately compensated, and more than 90% considered work in a positive light. However, a few respondents were not satisfied with how workload is managed and adequate benefits. The study concludes by stating that job satisfaction has a pivotal role in minimizing turnover of workers, improving productivity, and increasing commitment among workers, which thus gives the management a legitimate reason to make it a priority in the industry.
Exploring Management Practices in the Hospitality Industry: A Comprehensive Employee Perspective
Authors: Shrestha Alina , Shrestha Jeet
Published: October 2024

This study explores management practices within the hospitality industry from the perspective of employees, focusing on various aspects of management effectiveness and employee engagement. A questionnaire survey was conducted among employees from different hospitality establishments, revealing a significant gender disparity in representation, with 75.4% male and 26.6% female respondents. Key findings indicate a strong consensus among participants regarding the importance of quality management practices, with a majority supporting new management styles aimed at enhancing quality across departments. Senior executives were generally perceived as effective communicators of company policies, with 53% of respondents expressing agreement on this matter. Furthermore, a notable percentage (76.1%) of employees acknowledged the responsibility of top management in ensuring quality performance. Leadership capability among managers was deemed essential, with 51.5% of participants strongly agreeing on its significance. Continuous self-improvement among managers received substantial support (44.8% agreement), alongside recognition of the necessity for information sharing among departmental managers. The results also highlighted a prevailing focus on quality strategies within hotels, with 47.8% of respondents agreeing that their establishments prioritize quality over quantity.
Banking Preferences and Perceptions Among College Students: A Study on Influential Factors and Service Satisfaction
Authors: Shrestha Rojina , Shrestha Sushma
Published: October 2024

This study investigates customer perceptions of their choice of bank among college students, focusing on factors influencing their banking decisions. Through a survey of 150 respondents, the study reveals that most students prefer commercial banks, valuing service quality and security. The majority have not utilized bank loans or relief measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dissatisfaction with service or limited options are common reasons for considering a bank switch. While respondents generally rate their banks positively, there are varied opinions on employee behavior, individual attention, and operating hours. The findings indicate that while overall perceptions are favorable, there is room for improvement in specific service aspects. This research provides insights into student banking preferences and highlights areas for banks to enhance their service offerings.
Right to Food and Sustainable Food Systems in Nepal: Legal Frameworks, Achievements, and Challenges
Authors: Koirala Pramod , Karn Sanjeev Kumar , Joshi Prateek
Published: October 2024

Food insecurity remains a persistent challenge in Nepal. The right to food is a fundamental human right recognized in various international conventions and national legal frameworks. The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty Regulation was drafted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nepal, and approved by the Council of Ministers in March 2024. The introduction of legal frameworks to ensure food security and their effective implementation is one of the key action tracks identified in Nepal’s National Food System Transformation Pathway. However, several challenges hinder the effective implementation of this regulation, including the availability of financial resources, technical manpower, the establishment of fair price shops, and the technical capacity of the implementing agency. Additionally, policy coherence across government tiers, the interests of external development partners, and certain cultural factors pose significant obstacles to the successful implementation of the regulation's provisions. A comprehensive approach is required, combining legal reforms, economic support, and social initiatives, to transform the right to food from a theoretical concept into a tangible reality for all Nepali citizens. This paper highlights the key provisions, the development process of the regulation, the roles of key stakeholders, and the challenges in its effective implementation.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 115-125.
Socioeconomic Impact of Livestock Farming: A Case Study of Baitadi and Darchula Districts, Nepal
Authors: Chapagaee Pawan , Kunwar Adhiraj , Bist Dipak Raj , Khatri Lokendra
Published: October 2024

Dairy is the oldest staple food, along with fruits and vegetables, for humans. This study investigated the socioeconomic factors influencing milk and dairy production in Baitadi and Darchula districts, Shailyashikhar municipality, and Dilasaini rural municipality, Nepal. Among the 5384 livestock farmers, 100 livestock farmers were randomly selected for the investigation. The findings demonstrated the existence of a subsistence agricultural system for livestock farming with small landholdings. There is a dominance of males over females in decision-making, and workload is common for females. There is a unique practice of management for milk produced during the first three weeks of lactation: 99% of people do not consume milk for 19.81±4.597 mean days; 96% of people do not sell milk; 53% do not sell ghee; 73% of parents refuse to give their kids cow's milk during the first three weeks of breastfeeding; and 16% do not consume ghee because of their tradition. There are various problems in livestock farming, i.e., feed management, low land holding, disease, cost of production, less government support, and lack credit. Feed management was ranked first, whereas lowland holding was ranked second. Worms are the most common disease causing organism seen in livestock in the study area because of the lack of access to improved and well-sanitized barns. Herbal plants are commonly used in disease management. Sociocultural factors directly affect livestock production. Different traditional beliefs, a lack of improved breeds, disease, and feed management have direct impacts on milk production.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 166-179.
Analysis and Detection of Heavy Metals Content in Some Selected Packaged Fruit Juices of Kathmandu City by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Paudel Neeta , Dhakal Agni , Pradhanang Situ Shrestha
Published: October 2024

The determination of level of heavy metals in packaged fruit juices is crucial, as extended exposure to even small quantities of these toxic element can cause severe health issues and chronic poisoning. Hence, it is essential to gather comprehensive data on the presence of heavy metals in packaged fruit juice samples. The objective of this research work is to determine heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) in four different types of packaged fruit juice samples viz Apple, Mango, Orange and Lychee of four different popular brands bought from retail market of Kathmandu city by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and compare with acceptable limit set by WHO/FAO. Wet acid digestion method was used for digestion process of packaged fruit juice samples. The concentration of Iron were ranged from 0.572-0.762mg/L in Orange juices; 0.362-0.624mg/L in Mango juices; 0.277-3.649mg/L in Apple juices; 0.279-1.770mg/L in Lychee juices respectively. Copper concentration were ranged from not detected (ND)-0.574mg/L in Orange juices; ND for all selected samples in Mango juices; ND- 0.023mg/L in Apple juices; ND-0.041mg/L in Lyclee juices. Similarly Zinc concentration were ranged from 0.0511-0.2026mg/L in Orange juices; ND-0.0700mg/L in Mango juices; ND for all selected samples in Apple juices; ND-0.0287mg/L in Lychee juices. The concentration of hazardous element Lead was found below detection limit in all selected packaged fruit juice samples. The heavy metals concentration in selected brand of packaged fruit juice samples was in following order: Fe>Zn>Cu> Pb.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 158-165.
Ocular Manifestations in Children with Special Needs Presenting in a Tertiary Eye Hospital of Central Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Kayastha Sajani , Karki Rachhaya , Subedi Kumudini
Published: October 2024

Background Children with special needs are at a substantially higher risk of visual impairment (VI) (10.5% compared with 0.16%) but also of ocular disorders of all types, including refractive errors and strabismus. VI and other potentially correctable ocular disorders are frequently unidentified in children with complex needs. Although assessment may be more challenging, identifying these potential additional barriers to learning and development may be critical.MethodsDetailed ophthalmic examination was carried out in all children with special needs presenting to the Pediatric OPD of Bharatpur Eye Hospital over 6 months (January to June 2023). Ophthalmic examination included case history, presenting distance visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, binocular vision examination, anterior and posterior segment evaluation.ResultsOut of the total of 55 participants, mean age was 9.74 ± 5.07 years, majority were male 32 (58.18%). Quantitative visual acuity could be assessed only in 19 (34.55%) children, using picture chart 9 (16.36%) and Snellen chart 10 (18.18%). Strabismus 21 (38.18%) and refractive error 14 (25.45%) were the commonest visual disorders in our study children.Conclusions With patience, suitably adapted methods, visual assessment is feasible in the majority of children with special needs. It is hoped that the formulation of proper vision care guidelines at a national level may help in early detection and management of visual disorders in this special population and enhance their quality of life.
Predictors of Inpatients Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis with Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Bhattarai Subash , Sharma Pasanda , Poudel Sujan Chandra , Tiwari Ashok , Sapkota Apil , Gyawali Merina
Published: October 2024

Background Hepatic encephalopathy has high risk of recurrence and is associated with advanced cirrhosis of liver. It features a spectrum of reversible neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The purpose of the research was to study the inpatients mortality and its predictors among cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. MethodsA cross-sectional, hospital-based study comprising of 182 cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy were evaluated. West Haven Classification (Grade I to IV) was used for grading of hepatic encephalopathy. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. ResultsMajority of patients (39.6%) presented with Grade II encephalopathy followed by Grade III (26.4%). Inpatient mortality was 22.5%. Mortality was seen in 95% patients with HE of grade IV. Univariate analysis showed male sex [p-value=0.01, OR-0.37, CI (0.17-0.820)], shock at presentation [p-value=0.0001, OR-42, CI (16.05 -109.9)], CTP [p-value=0.03, OR-3.8, CI (1.1-13.3)], presence of more than two precipitating factors [P=0.0001, OR-48, CI (10.3-216.3)], presence of SBP [p-value=0.0001, OR-23.4, CI (9.1-60.4)] as statistically significant predictive factors. Multivariate analysis showed shock [P=0.0001, OR-85.3, CI (12.7-571.7)], presence of more than two precipitating factors [p-value=0.0001, OR-101.8, CI (3.32-3119.32)] and SBP [p-value=0.0001, OR-44.7, CI (6.49-309.5)] as statistically significant predictive factors for mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusions Inpatient mortality was high with increasing grades of encephalopathy among cirrhotic patients. Initial presentation with shock, presence of more than two precipitating factors and SBP were independent predictors of inpatient mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy.
Factors Affecting Health Seeking Behavior of Elderly People in a Community of Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Anita , Roshan  Adhikari  , Bhusal Nirmal , Acharya Sunita
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Individuals have different opinion regarding willingness to seek help from health care services. Thus, a study aimed to find out the health care seeking behaviour, factors affecting health care seeking behaviour and association between health seeking and those factors among elderly people.
Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 197 elderly people of 65 years and above in Pokhara Metropolitan City Ward No.28. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Data was collected by face to face interview technique using self-developed structured interview schedule. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis. Inferential statistics (Chi-square test) was used to reveal the association between the selected factors and health seeking behaviour..
Results: Finding showed 77.66% of respondents sought appropriate health care where as only 22.34 % of respondents sought inappropriate health care. Among those who sought care from appropriate health care, 65.48% of respondents sought care from governmental hospital. Among those who sought inappropriate health care still 22.72 % of respondents had belief in traditional healer. Accompany for the treatment of elderly was found statistically significant and other factors was not found statistically significant
Conclusion: Based on the findings more than two third of the respondents reported that they seek appropriate health care. Among those respondents nearly half of respondents’ reason for seeking appropriate health care was good experience of medical treatment in the past. Among those whose health seeking behaviour is inappropriate, still one fourth of respondents had belief on traditional healer.
Key words: Health seeking behavior; Elderly people; Nepal
Role of Laparoscopy in Reproductive Age Group Women with Gynecological Problems in a Tertiary Medical College
Authors: Kayastha Bhagirathi , Shrestha Buddhi , Shrestha Subha , Acharya Manisha , Pradhan Alok
Published: October 2024

Background Laparoscopy has been a revolution in gynecological surgery as it is safe and minimally invasive. It can be used as a diagnostic as well as treatment modality for different gynecological problems like Chronic pelvic pain, adnexal cyst, ectopic pregnancy, Pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.MethodsThis study was carried out at College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital from April 2022 to March 2023 in 105 women. All the women undergoing laparoscopic surgeries were analyzed for indications, intraoperative findings and interventions.ResultsThe mean±SD of age of women was 30.34±7.73 years, most were in age group 26-35 years. The most common indications for Laparoscopy were for Adnexal cyst (74.28%), Chronic Pelvic Pain (14.28%) and Infertility (11.42%). The most common findings according to site were Ovarian pathology (48.60 %) followed by peritoneal pathology (22.9 %), Tubal pathology (17.14%) and normal findings (10.50%). In ovarian - Dermoid cyst (31.37 %), in tubal - ectopic pregnancy (55.56%), in peritoneal-Adhesions (45.83%) were the most common finding. In laparoscopic interventions, 26.70% had cystectomy, 14.3 % had salpingectomy and 13.3 % had Sterilization. Conclusions Laparoscopy as a modality for diagnosis and treatment of gynecological problems has been well established in recent times. It’s been a choice of surgery because of its reduce postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery and minimal scar. However, adequate advanced training and equipment are needed to perform skillful laparoscopic surgeries.
Association of Perceived Stress with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Matched Case Control Study
Authors: Shah Prashant , KC Heera , Parajuli Surya Bahadur
Published: October 2024

Background Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While traditional risk factors for ACS are well studied, the role of perceived stress remains underexplored in our context. Hence, we aimed to find the association of perceived Stress with Acute Coronary Syndrome.MethodsA hospital based case control study, matched with age and gender was conducted at Birat medical College teaching Hospital from 1st July to 28th November2023. Consecutive sampling techniques was employed to enroll 50 cases and 50 controls from the hospital. Data on demographics and risk factors were collected, and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) was used to measure stress in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent association of PSS-10 with ACS.ResultsPerceived stress had no statistical significant association with ACS (P=0.069, OR= 0.918, CI 0.837-1.007) when adjusting for other risk factors. However, hypertension (P=0.004, OR=4.59, CI=1.61-13.09), smoking (P=0.004, OR=8.48, CI=2.09-34.38), and a family history of cardiovascular disease (P=0.028, OR=4.97, CI=1.19-20.75) showed statistically significant associations with ACS, while controlling for other factors.Conclusions The study found higher perceived stress in ACS patients, but it wasn't an independent predictor of ACS. Significant associations with hypertension, smoking, and family history emphasize the need for comprehensive risk factor management in preventing cardiovascular disease.
Book Review: Navigating Higher Education in Nepal: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Karna Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
Arizona Space Grant Consortium Participation and Contribution During the 2017 Solar Eclipse
Authors: Fusco Michael , Burkland Dakota , Buck Steven
Published: October 2024

Students from the Arizona/NASA Space Grant Consortium attended the Montana State University (MSU) Solar Eclipse Workshop in July 2016, where the MSU-designed ground station and payloads were assembled. The team returned with the systems, making modifications and conducting tests leading up to the eclipse in the following areas: ground station tracking and payload improvements, including expanded video capability. With the initial aid of Louisiana State University (LSU), the team upgraded the tracking system to use both Automated Packet Reporting System (APRS) beacons and MSU’s Iridium tracking system. This update improved the accuracy of determining the location of the balloon and payloads. The hardware improvements for the ground station included the addition of mobile HughesNet satellite internet service. Payload improvements included using medium-gain antennas, next generation Ubiquiti modems, and Raspberry Pi 3 computers. In addition, a 360 degree video camera payload was developed. The systems were tested over six balloon flights. During the solar eclipse, the team was in Glendo, WY, and flew the following payloads on two balloons: Digital Video Payload (DVP), Digital Image Payload (DIP), 360 Video Payload, Arizona State University (ASU) Scientific Payload, flight termination payload, and tracking payloads. Each of these payloads functioned correctly with the exception of DVP, possibly due to damage at launch, which meant the team was unable to live stream video during the eclipse. Instead, the team streamed an image slideshow to a NASA website during the eclipse with still images downlinked from the DIP. However, videos from both the DVP and 360 Video Payload were recovered after the flight and later processed. Overall the mission was successful in collecting video, images, and data of the eclipse from the high-altitude perspective.
Sex estimation by morphometric analysis of the intracranial volume and foramen magnum on three-dimensional volume rendering computed tomography
Authors: Kurtuluş Dereli Ayşe , Sağtaş Ergin , Akça Alper , Özgül Hakan Abdullah , Şenol Hande , Acar Kemalettin
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Identification of decomposed human bodies and bone remains is very important in medicolegal examinations. The cranium has an important place in sex estimation due to its dimorphic features. Recent studies in this field have used radiological methods. The present study aimed to examine sexual dimorphism through morphometric analysis of the intracranial volume and Foramen Magnum on Three-Dimensional (3D) Volume Rendering Computed Tomography (CT) images.
Methods: For this purpose, 3D images were generated after the reconstruction of CT Angiography scans of 87 female and 107 male cases. The length, width, circumference, area, and intracranial volume of the foramen magnum were measured on these 3D images.
Results: All measurements except foramen magnum index were greater in males than in females (p
Depressive state associated with cryptogenic rigid person syndrome (case study)
Authors: Naryshkin Aleksandr G. , Klochkov Mikhail N. , Skoromets Taras A. , Galanin Igor V. , Katyshev Sergey A. , Vtorov Aleksandr V. , Orlov Ilya A. , Umaev Khalid Kh.
Published: October 2024

The article describes peculiarities of modern understanding of the nature and treatment of the rigid person syndrome. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, is one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of this condition. However, its oral use has little efficacy and leads to a number of complications. An indisputable alternative to oral administration of the drug at present is its continuous intrathecal administration using an implantable pump. A case of cryptogenic rigidity syndrome accompanied by the development of a depressive state is presented. In the process of treatment by intrathecal baclofen therapy, not only excruciating muscle spasms disappeared, but also depressive symptomatology without special use of antidepressants.

The purpose of the study. To show the high effectiveness of ITT in a patient with a severe cryptogenic form of CRS, as well as the effect of OT, not only on spasticity, but also on depressive symptoms.

Material and methods. A case of treatment by the ITB method with implantation of a pump to a patient with a cryptogenic form of HPV is presented. A modified Ashworth scale (MAS) was used to assess spasticity. The patient’s quality of life was assessed on the Barthel scale. The Hamilton scale was used to assess the level of depression.
Bibliotecas, archivos y el reto de la incidencia política: ¿de qué hablamos cuando hablamos de advocacy?
Authors: Martínez-Cardama Sara
Published: October 2024

Las bibliotecas y archivos, a lo largo de la historia, han representado la democratización del conocimiento, libertad de expresión y acceso a la información. La polarización y constante politización de la sociedad cuestionan, de manera continua, estos valores. Este artículo analiza cómo estas instituciones se enfrentan a estos desafíos reflexionando sobre el papel del advocacy o incidencia política. Se discute la controversia de la “neutralidad” y el papel del advocacy como estrategia para influenciar en la agenda pública. Se enfatiza la necesidad de una mayor investigación cualitativa y planificación estratégica de esta presencia para enfrentar las tensiones sociales y promover un impacto en la percepción y apoyo de bibliotecas y archivos en un contexto cada vez más polarizado.
The relationship of ultra-processed foods with some diseases
Authors: Karadoğan Seyit Ramazan , Canpolat Eren
Published: October 2024

Ultra-processed foods are defined as multi-component industrial formulations that include chemical food additives in food production where sugar, salt, oils and fats are the main products. General production purposes of ultra-processed foods are to obtain low-cost and mass production, long shelf-life and branded products. NOVA Group 4 classification is used to express ultra-processed foods. Packaged snacks (chips, cake, crackers, candy, etc.), frozen products, meat and chicken extract products (bouillon, powder mixtures), processed meat products (hot dog, nugget star), fizzy drinks, beverages, packaged milk and cocoa drinks, etc. constitute ultra-processed foods. Excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods, especially those containing free sugar, causes the intake of empty calories and causes insufficient intake of some essential nutrients. Also, ultra-processed foods increase the energy density, sugar, saturated fat and trans fatty acid levels of the daily diet. A high-energy-density diet causes an increase in people's body weight. In addition to these results, chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, kidney diseases, and colon, rectal and breast cancer may occur due to insufficient fibre intake and obesity. Therefore, in response to the development of the global food industry, countries should develop their own national policies and work to reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods for public health.
THE EFFECT OF INFLUENCER MARKETING, CONTENT MARKETING, AND PRICE PERCEPTIONS ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION (AN INVESTIGATION OF LUXCRIME COSMETIC CONSUMERS IN KARAWANG)
Authors: Hermawan Hendra , Hersona Sonny , Suyaman Dede Jajang
Published: October 2024

This research aims to evaluate the impact of Influencer Marketing, Content Marketing, and Price Perception on Purchase Intention in Luxcrime Cosmetics products in Karawang. The research method applied is quantitative with hypothesis testing. A total of 100 respondents who used Luxcrime Cosmetics products in Karawang were the research samples.Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination (R2), partial correlation coefficient, t test, F test, and classical assumption test with the help of SPSS version 20 statistical software. Questionnaires were the main source of data in this research. Research findings show that Influencer Marketing has a significant influence on purchasing intention in Luxcrime Cosmetics products in Karawang. Meanwhile, Content Marketing also has a significant influence on intention in purchasing these products. On the other hand, Price Perception does not show a significant influence on purchase intention in Luxcrime Cosmetics in Karawang. Simultaneously, Influencer Marketing, Content Marketing, and Price Perception together influence intention in purchasing the product.
THE IMPACT OF PRICE, PRODUCT QUALITY, AND ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH ON PURCHASE DECISIONS FOR BENING’S KINCARE PRODUCTS IN KARAWANG
Authors: Sari Yuniar , Jajang Dede , Hersona Sonny
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of price, product quality, and electronic word of mouth on the purchasing decisions regarding Bening's skincare products in Karawang. Employing quantitative research with hypothesis testing, the research involved a sample of 105 consumers of Bening's Skincare products in Karawang.The analytical methods applied include multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination (R2), partial correlation coefficient, t-test, F-test, and classical assumption tests using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Primary data for the study were obtained through a questionnaire. The findings of this research affirm that the price significantly influences the purchasing decisions for Bening's Skincare products in Karawang. Moreover, product quality plays a significant role in influencing the decision to purchase Bening's skincare products in Karawang. However, electronic word of mouth does not exhibit a significant impact on purchasing decisions for Bening's skincare products in Karawang. Additionally, the combined influence of price, product quality, and electronic word of mouth simultaneously affects the purchasing decisions for Bening's Skincare products in Karawang.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Port Numbay pada MGMP IPA di Distrik Abepura
Authors: Pieter Jan , Risamasu Putu Victoria M
Published: October 2024

Telah dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada guru-guru IPA pada MGMP IPA di Distrik Abepura Jayapura, Adapun tujuan pelatihan untuk membantu para guru IPA mengembangkan bahan ajar dan LKPD yang ramah anak dengan menggunakan kearifan local Port Numbay sebagai muatan dasarnya. Pelaksanaan pelatihan ini berasal dari kekuatiran bahwa peserta didik tidak termotivasi belajar IPA salah satu sebabnya adalah bahan ajar yang tidak menarik dan tidak sesuai dengan konteks local mereka. Pelatihan diberikan kepada 30 orang guru IPA yang bersalah dari 7 sekolah menengah yang tergabung pada MGMP IPA Distrik Abepura. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah metode ceramah, diskusi dan praktek, dalam pelatihan ini peserta pelatihan diarahkan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajarnya sendiri. Pada akhir pelatihan didapati bahwa guru mulai memahami dan telah memiliki gambaran untuk pembuatan bahan ajar berbasis kearifan local Jayapura, kedepan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil yang lebih baik masih perlu dilakukan pendampingan pada MGMP IPA pada masa yang akan datang.