bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting alkaline water splitting efficiency: NiOOH–MnOOH heterojunctions via in situ anodic oxidation
Authors: Zhou Yuru , Hu Jing , Liu Yinan , Fan Wenyu , Tao Panpan , Yang Rui , Huang Haitao , Cao Xun , Li Haijin , Li Siwei
Published: August 2024

The facile electrodeposition and in situ anodic oxidation methods yield NiOOH–MnOOH heterojunctions on nickel foam, which exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media.
Homotrinuclear ruthenium(ii) and rhodium(i) complexes of redox-active tris(ferrocenyl)arene-based tris-phosphanes
Authors: Straube Axel , Coburger Peter , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: August 2024

C
3-symmetric homotrinuclear RhI and RuII complexes with four accessible oxidation states relating to the tris(ferrocenyl)arene backbone were prepared, making these complexes potentially suitable for redox-switchable catalysis or other applications.
PDA@α-ZrP/SiO2 incorporated phosphate coating with enhanced corrosion resistance and friction resistance
Authors: Tian Yuqin , Li Wei , Yang Qiaoxin , Gong Yuan , Yue Wenfei , Ou Yujing , Li Chunlei , Sheng Xinxin
Published: August 2024

PDA@α-ZrP/SiO2 as the phosphating accelerator to improve the performance of phosphate coating.
Ultrasound assisted efficient separation of lithium from brine with a composite polyether sulfone-ionic liquid membrane
Authors: Hermani Milad , Golmohammadi Behrang , Shekaari Hemayat
Published: August 2024

Impregnated polyether sulfone with ionic liquid membrane for lithium separation from alkali metal brine.
Unlocking the potential of water-soluble gold(i)–NHC complexes: unveiling the role of carboxylic acid in cycloisomerization of alkynyl amino acid derivatives
Authors: Pérez Liddier O. , Dómina Tomás A. , Fernández Gabriela A. , Silbestri Gustavo F. , Testero Sebastián A.
Published: August 2024

Water-soluble gold(i)–NHC complexes efficiently catalyze the hydrocarboxylation of terminal and internal alkyne amino acids in aqueous biphasic systems at room temperature, are recyclable for at least 15 cycles, and do not require silver salts.
Effect of defects and framework Sn on the stability and activity of Pt clusters for ethane dehydrogenation in chabazite zeolite
Authors: Srinivas Sanjana , Vlachos Dionisios G. , Caratzoulas Stavros
Published: August 2024

Framework Sn(iv) enhances dispersion of Pt species and creates stable and efficient active sites, independent of the zeolite framework.
Kinetics of thermal dry reforming of methane for syngas production and solid carbon capture
Authors: Mokashi Manas , Shirsath Akash Bhimrao , Demir Sinan , Çelik Ahmet , Lott Patrick , Tischer Steffen , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: August 2024

By combining numerical simulations and experiments, catalyst-free thermal dry reforming of biogas for sustainable syngas production and solid carbon capture is investigated under industrially viable conditions.
Thermal-integration in photoelectrochemistry for fuel and heat co-generation
Authors: Johnson Evan F , Haussener Sophia
Published: August 2024

Numerous photoelectrochemical systems designs are compared on an energy and exergy basis for their capacity to produce hydrogen and heat. Systems include both liquid and vapor-phase reactants, solar concentration, and spectrum splitting optics.
Interfacial rheology of lanthanide binding peptide surfactants at the air–water interface
Authors: Crane Stephen A. , Jiménez-Ángeles Felipe , Wang Yiming , Ortuno Macias Luis E. , Marmorstein Jason G. , Deng Jiayi , Molaei Mehdi , Petersson E. James , Radhakrishnan Ravi , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Tu Raymond S. , Maldarelli Charles , Dmochowski Ivan J. , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: August 2024

Peptide surfactants (PEPS) are studied to capture and retain rare earth elements (REEs) at air–water interfaces to enable REE separations.
An organic–inorganic heterojunction electrocatalyst for highly efficient urea oxidation
Authors: Wu Tzu-Ho , Qiu Zi-Ting , Hsieh Chih-Ning , Chen Zi-Ting , Wang Tzu-Wei , Liu Po-Liang , Lee Rong-Ho
Published: August 2024

By constructing a Ni(OH)2-COF (p–n) heterojunction, a built-in electric field can be induced to boost charge transfer across the heterointerface, thereby facilitating the generation of Ni3+ active sites for enhanced urea oxidation performance.
Sustainable synthesis of metal compound/carbon composites via coordination chemistry for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Weicai , Lin Xiaomin , Fang Yawei , Yang Chaowei , Zheng Mingtao , Liang Yeru
Published: August 2024

This work proposed a sustainable strategy to synthesize metal compound/carbon composites via the coordination chemistry method, which can achieve fine interfaces and rich active sites, enhancing their potential as lithium-ion battery anodes.
The fabrication of Ti3C2 and Ti3CN MXenes by electrochemical etching
Authors: Chan Kai Chio , Guan Xiang , Zhang Teng , Lin Kailing , Huang Yihe , Lei Lingshu , Georgantas Yiannis , Gogotsi Yury , Bissett Mark A. , Kinloch Ian A.
Published: August 2024

Ti3C2 and Ti3CN MXenes were exfoliated from their corresponding MAX phases by electrochemical etching using HBF4 as the electrolyte. The performance of electrochemically etched MXene as electrodes for Li-ion supercapacitors was studied.
Rational design of one-dimensional triarylamine-based covalent organic frameworks for perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency and stability
Authors: He Jun , Yuan Longfei , Gu Sixiao , Bai Jiaxv , Li Yaxin , Wang Shirong , Li Dewang , Liu Hongli
Published: August 2024

1D COF {[(TPA)2(TPB)1]–CN–-I} can modify the interface between perovskite and the hole transporting layer with ammonium terminals and full-triphenylamine backbones. The PSCs realized a 23.58% champion efficiency with enhanced stability.
Atomic scale niobium implantation in a dealuminated industrial H-β zeolite catalyst for enhanced furfural production
Authors: Huang Yuhui , Tao Yehan , Wang Qingqing , Du Jian , Hu Jinwen , Lu Jie , Lv Yanna , Wang Haisong
Published: August 2024

To develop an industrial zeolite-based catalyst for efficient furfural production, the acidity, pore structure, and electronic properties of H-β zeolite were modulated via synergistic deatomization and atomic implantation treatments.
Significantly enhanced properties of micro-ionic thermocells through the microstructure interfacial effect
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Zhao Shuqi , Zou Haoyu , Qu Ming , Zhong Fanghao , Wei Xiang , Song Yangfan , Liu Zhuo
Published: August 2024

A micro-ionic thermocell with a high Pmax/ΔT2 (15.4 mW m−2 K−2) was reported through the interfacial effect of microstructure-electrolyte solution at the microscale.
Synthesis of two-dimensional N-terminated molybdenum carbides using an alloying strategy in molten salt
Authors: Jiang Weiyan , Gao Zihan , Shen Miao , Tang Rui , Zhou Jing , Wu Chuanqiang , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Jian-Qiang
Published: August 2024

A novel alloying method was developed to etch Ga rapidly from Mo2Ga2C, which reduces the reaction energy barrier and improves the kinetics of Ga etching. Simultaneously, Li3N in the molten salt generated new nitrogen-containing functional groups.
In situ post-modification of substoichiometric 2D conjugated MOFs to boost ethylene selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Li Yijun , Lv Jianning , Li Shuai , Dai Lu , Wang Bo , Li Pengfei
Published: August 2024

Post-modification of substoichiometric 2D conjugated MOFs (2D c-MOFs) have demonstrated significant effect on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose optimized cathode–electrolyte interfaces in aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Lu Sheng , Gu Yuyang , Cheng Guangyu , Mei Yueni , Wu Dongqing , Gao Yu , Yu Xuemin , Wu Liang , Su Yuezeng , Wang Han
Published: August 2024

Optimizing ion transport at the cathode–electrolyte interface by using hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of the cathode, which will be helpful for the electrode design of powerful aqueous batteries.
1D rod-like {220}-faceted CeO2/ZnO S-scheme heterojunctions: design, photocatalytic mechanism and DFT calculations
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yao Chao , Liu Xin , Qiu Junfeng , Wang Rongchen , Liu Jialong , Wang Wei
Published: August 2024

A 1D rod-like CeO2/ZnO S-scheme heterojunction has been successfully designed, and exhibits superior photodegradation ability for dyes and antibiotics.
Electrochemical dealloying of a high-chromium alloy at oxygen evolution potential
Authors: Ning Lijia , Yang Chunmei , Jiang Guannan , Wang Chenglin , Wang Shuaishuai , Chen Yang , Zheng Huanxi , Liu Xin , Liu Jiyu
Published: August 2024

We first investigate the electrochemical dealloying effect and mechanism of a high-chromium alloy in alkaline NaNO3 solution at oxygen evolution potential.
High-purity butoxydibutylborane catalysts enable the low-exothermic polymerization of PMMA bone cement with enhanced biocompatibility and osseointegration
Authors: Wan Zhuo , Gao Yike , Wang Yingbo , Zhang Xianghao , Gao Xiyin , Zhou Tuanfeng , Zhang Zhishan , Li Zijian , Lin Yunfei , Wang Bing , Chen Kun , Wang Yang , Duan Chenggang , Yuan Zuoying
Published: August 2024

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) biomaterials, catalyzed by high-purity butoxydibutylborane (BODBB) and characterized by excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration, demonstrate substantial potential for future clinical applications.
Size-tailored and acid-degradable polyvinyl alcohol microgels for inhalation therapy of bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zhou Jingjing , Wang Lanlan , Zhao Bingbing , Ma Yukun , Zhang Ni , Chen Wei , Huang Dechun
Published: August 2024

The schematic illustrates the pulmonary distribution of various sizes of G@PIP upon inhalation, and the degradation of G@PIP within the microacidic lung environment to facilitate the release of PIP antibiotic for treating pulmonary infections.
Biomaterials based on advanced oxidation processes in tooth whitening: fundamentals, progress, and models
Authors: Guo Bingyi , Tao Yun , Yang Tiantian , Su Xiaofan , Tan Xinzhi , Tian Weidong , Xie Li
Published: August 2024

Innovative tooth whitening strategies based on advanced oxidation processes.
A narrow pulse width and high peak power passively Q-switched laser based on the saturable-absorption characteristic of 2-layer TeSe2
Authors: Li Guoshun , Wang Jing , Yang Kejian , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Qianyong , Guo Yuhang , Wang Mengdi , Tang Wenjing , Xia Wei
Published: August 2024

We prepared TeSe2 saturable-absorption nanosheets. The match of band-gap energy with laser wavelength was analysed, and the TeSe2 SA was applied in solid-state lasers to obtain narrow temporal-width and high peak pulse output.
Rational design of perylene diimide macrocycles with diverse electron transfer properties in complexes with fullerene
Authors: Stasyuk Anton. J.
Published: August 2024

The work provides insight into ground and excited state electronic properties of PDI-based macrocycles and helps to rationally design their complexes with tailored photoinduced electron transfer behavior.
HP-cyclodextrin modified sulphur quantum dots for the fluorescent cage sensing of p-NP by structural matching and PET: a new sensing approach
Authors: Chang Yining , He Ran , Wang Runqiu , Wei Yanli , Wang Li
Published: August 2024

The ability of HP-SQD to selectively detect p-NP by fluorescence quenching is a result of the structural matching and PET between p-NP and HP-β-CD.
Acoustic shock wave-induced sp2-to-sp3-type phase transition: a case study of a graphite single crystal
Authors: Aswathappa Sivakumar , Dai Lidong , Redfern Simon A. T. , Sahaya Jude Dhas S. , Feng Xiaolei , Palaniyasan Eniya , Kumar Raju Suresh
Published: August 2024

A technique for the exposure of low-pressure acoustic shock waves was applied for the first time in the exploration of the phase transition from graphite to disordered graphite, which was well characterized by Raman, XPS and HR-TEM measurements.
1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase as target for anti Toxoplasma gondii agents: crystal structure, biochemical characterization and biological evaluation of inhibitors
Authors: Mazzone Flaminia , Hoeppner Astrid , Reiners Jens , Gertzen Christoph G.W. , Applegate Violetta , Abdullaziz Mona A. , Gottstein Julia , Degrandi Daniel , Wesemann Martina , Kurz Thomas , Smits Sander H.J. , Pfeffer Klaus
Published: August 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a critical health issue for immunocompromised individuals and for congenitally infected foetuses. Current treatment options are limited in number and associated with severe side effects. Thus, novel anti-toxoplasma agents need to be identified and developed. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway for the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate in the parasite, and has been previously investigated for its key role as a novel drug target in some species, encompassing Plasmodia, Mycobacteria and Escherichia coli. In this study, we present the first crystal structure of T. gondii DXR (TgDXR) in a tertiary complex with the inhibitor fosmidomycin and the cofactor NADPH in dimeric conformation at 2.5 Å resolution revealing the inhibitor binding mode. In addition, we biologically characterize reverse α-phenyl-β-thia and β-oxa fosmidomycin analogues and show that some derivatives are strong inhibitors of TgDXR which also, in contrast with fosmidomycin, inhibit the growth of T. gondii in vitro. Here, ((3,4-dichlorophenyl)((2-(hydroxy(methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)thio)methyl)phosphonic acid was identified as the most potent anti T. gondii compound. These findings will enable the future design and development of more potent anti-toxoplasma DXR inhibitors.
Neural Decoding of Spontaneous Overt and Intended Speech
Authors: Dash Debadatta , Ferrari Paul , Wang Jun
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to decode intended and overt speech from neuromagnetic signals while the participants performed spontaneous overt speech tasks without cues or prompts (stimuli).

Method:

Magnetoencephalography (MEG), a noninvasive neuroimaging technique, was used to collect neural signals from seven healthy adult English speakers performing spontaneous, overt speech tasks. The participants randomly spoke the words yes or no at a self-paced rate without cues. Two machine learning models, namely, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), were employed to classify the two words from the recorded MEG signals.

Results:

LDA and 1D CNN achieved average decoding accuracies of 79.02% and 90.40%, respectively, in decoding overt speech, significantly surpassing the chance level (50%). The accuracy for decoding intended speech was 67.19% using 1D CNN.

Conclusions:

This study showcases the possibility of decoding spontaneous overt and intended speech directly from neural signals in the absence of perceptual interference. We believe that these findings make a steady step toward the future spontaneous speech-based brain–computer interface.
Get REAL: Development and Validation of the Rubric for the Evaluation of Apps for Learning
Authors: Weber Melanie Ann , Anzilotti Mia , Gormley Reece , Huber Christina , McGarvey Alyssa , McKee Grace , Ogden Claire , Seinfeld Hannah , Wank Julia , Olszewski Arnold
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Technology, including educational applications (apps), is commonly used in schools by teachers and speech-language pathologists. Nonetheless, very little research has examined the efficacy of these apps for student learning or how to choose appropriate apps for instruction. Several previous rubrics to evaluate the instructional quality of apps have been published, yet limitations such as user training and time to administer have limited their use. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive yet easy-to-use rubric for evaluating educational apps.

Method:

An iterative process guided the development and assessment of the Rubric for the Evaluation of Apps for Learning (REAL). Prior rubrics were synthesized to develop a comprehensive list of items. These items were condensed for simplicity purposes. A focus group and a survey of teachers and speech-language pathologists validated the rubric items and informed revisions. Multiple rounds of interrater reliability calculations and rubric revisions resulted in a final draft of the rubric, included here.

Results:

The final version of REAL passed validation and demonstrated evidence of interrater reliability among familiar users (Fleiss' κ = .71–.77) and those with no prior experience using the rubric (Fleiss' κ = .46). The majority of practitioners (90%) reported that they would use the rubric in their practice. REAL was used to rate 10 apps teaching phonics and 10 apps teaching social skills; scores are presented for demonstration purposes and indicate a wide range of rankings.

Conclusions:

REAL is a feasible, comprehensive rubric for evaluating the quality of educational apps, for which there may be little to no published research evidence. Practitioners may be overwhelmed with the number of commercially available apps. REAL provides a tool to help them make decisions that benefit the children they serve.
Ultra‐low loss 2‐core fibre for expanding submarine cable capacity
Authors: Hasegawa Takemi
Published: August 2024

2‐core fibre for submarine cable is becoming the first commercial application of multi‐core fibre, which should enable to expand the capacity beyond the current limitation of submarine cable size. For successful commercial applications of 2‐core fibre, it is important to minimise the complexities in manufacturing, splicing, and fibre handling. The 2‐core fibre design for minimum complexity is reviewed.
How wind forecast updates are balanced in coupled European intraday markets
Authors: Boehnke Florian , Kolkmann Sven , Leisen Robin , Weber Christoph
Published: August 2024

The market coupling of adjacent market zones is a key element in terms of coping with rising levels of uncertainty in the European energy system due to the adoption of more volatile renewable energy sources. An adequate analysis of this issue yet requires an appropriate consideration of uncertainty along with a detailed modelling of market coupling. Thus, we present a novel approach combining a comprehensive unit commitment and dispatch model with a sophisticated methodology to reflect the uncertainty of wind power generation by considering forecast updates for the German market region in the market clearing process. Subsequently, we investigate the impact of uncertainty on cross‐border electricity flows in a European case study. Our results show that all adjacent market zones and all relevant technologies significantly contribute to balancing forecast updates in Germany, underlining the benefits of intraday market coupling. Further, we observe that a joint and unrestricted intraday market is the most cost‐efficient market solution. Finally, our analyses show that more extensive market coupling is indispensable for the further integration of renewable energy sources in the future.
Data‐driven observability analysis and enhancement for radome slope estimation with constraints on impact angle and terminal acceleration
Authors: Jin Bingyu , Lu Kelin , Lu Yuping
Published: August 2024

The authors address the problem of observability analysis and enhancement for missiles equipped with strapdown seekers, especially considering the line‐of‐sight angle‐only measurements and the constraints on impact angle and terminal acceleration. First, based on the generalised polynomial chaos expansion, a novel data‐driven observability analysis method is proposed to quantitatively analyse the observability of the radome aberration estimation system in real time, including the observability condition, the observability degree of each state and the effect of stochastic noises. The results show that under conventional proportional navigation guidance, the radome aberration estimation system is weakly observable with line‐of‐sight angle‐only measurements. To address this problem, a novel manoeuvre algorithm, the observability‐enhanced guidance law, is introduced to enhance the system observability within specified constraints, thereby improving the estimation performance. This guidance law incorporates a bias term to meet terminal constraints, and optimises the navigation gain using the proposed observability indices. Simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law in conjunction with a target state estimator.
Diagnostic et traitement des hernies périnéales chez le chien
Authors: Fournet Alexandre , Manassero Mathieu
Published: August 2024

L’hernie périnéale est une affection peu fréquente chez les animaux de compagnie mais à l’origine de troubles fonctionnels et d’une morbidité importante. Elle touche principalement les chiens mâles entiers de 7 à 13 ans.

Cette affection résulte de l’affaiblissement du diaphragme pelvien qui perd son rôle de soutien du détroit postérieur du bassin, ce qui favorise le passage d’organes pelviens et/ou abdominaux au sein de la fosse ischio-rectale. Son développement est multifactoriel et implique des facteurs anatomiques, dégénératifs et traumatiques chroniques.

Les signes cliniques fréquents sont le gonflement périnéal, le ténesme, la constipation, la dyschézie, et la dysurie.

Le diagnostic est principalement épidémio-clinique, et doit inclure un toucher rectal. Cette palpation, ainsi que les examens d’imagerie permettent d’identifier la présence de lésions prostatiques, rectales et vésicales concomitantes, qui déterminent la stratégie thérapeutique idéale à adopter.
Le traitement est en général chirurgical ; il a pour objectif de reconstruire le diaphragme pelvien par hernioplastie et de traiter les lésions abdominales concomitantes.

Les complications ne sont pas rares, celles-ci peuvent être locales et fonctionnelles.

Le taux de récidive dépend de la technique opératoire, de l’expérience du chirurgien, du statut hormonal de l’animal, de l’intervention sur un site déjà opéré et de la persistance de troubles défécatoires pendant la période post-opératoire.
La prise en charge de l’atrésie anale congénitale chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Jardel Nicolas
Published: August 2024

L’article anale congénitale est une affection rare, mais probablement sous-diagnostiquée chez le chien et le chat. Cette anomalie est due à une malformation embryologique et a été classée en quatre types anatomiques :

- le type I désigne une ouverture incomplète de la membrane anale ;
- le type II, une imperforation de la membrane anale avec un rectum se finissant au contact de la membrane ;
- le type III, une imperforation de la membrane anale avec un rectum se finissant crânialement à la membrane anale ;
- le type IV, une absence de continuité entre le rectum et le canal anal.
Une fistule recto-vaginale est souvent rencontrée en association avec les anomalies de type II.

Les symptômes sont en général observés entre l’âge de 2 semaines et le sevrage. Le traitement de ces malformations est chirurgical et consiste à rétablir un rectum et un anus fonctionnel.
Le traitement doit être réalisé précocement pour éviter qu’un mégacôlon irréversible persiste après l’intervention.

Lors de la correction chirurgicale, il est primordial de respecter le muscle sphincter anal externe et son innervation pour limiter les risques d’incontinence fécale.

Le traitement chirurgical offre un pronostic en général favorable pour les anomalies les plus fréquemment rencontrées en clinique (atrésie de type I et de type II associées ou non à une fistule recto-vaginale).
Prise en charge de la douleur associée aux boiteries chez les bovins
Authors: Relun Anne , Touzot-Jourde Gwenola , Guénault Rémi , Guatteo Raphaël
Published: August 2024

Les boiteries sont le plus souvent la manifestation d’une affection myoarthrosquelettique douloureuse.

La douleur associée aux boiteries doit être prise en charge aussi vite que possible pour limiter le développement de phénomènes d’hyperalgésie et d’allodynie, qui sont difficiles à corriger médicalement et assombrissent le pronostic.

Si la prévention des boiteries reste souhaitable, leur apparition ne peut pas être complètement évitée et peut nécessiter la mise en place de soins eux-mêmes douloureux. Devant un bovin boiteux, après avoir déterminé l’origine de la boiterie et localisé la lésion, le praticien doit se poser plusieurs questions pour gérer au mieux la douleur : cet animal est-il douloureux,

quelles sont les meilleurs options thérapeutiques pour gérer la douleur, les soins à apporter vont-ils engendrer de la douleur et comment réduire la douleur après le traitement initial.

Cet article se propose de détailler les moyens disponibles pour détecter et gérer au mieux la douleur associée aux boiteries.
Potential eines telemedizinischen, sektorenübergreifenden
Versorgungskonzeptes zur Qualitätssteigerung der Gesundheitsversorgung aus
Nutzersicht – eine Akzeptanzanalyse der TELnet@NRW Studie
Authors: Schmidhuber Carolin , Strotbaum Veronika , Beckers Rainer , Hempen Annette , Benstöm Carina , Marx Gernot , Dohmen Sandra
Published: August 2024

Ziel der Studie Die Messung der Akzeptanz eines telemedizinischen,
sektorenübergreifenden Versorgungskonzeptes seitens Ärzte, Patienten und
Angehörigen ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie. Auf Basis einer quantitativen
Erfassung der Akzeptanz sollen sowohl das Potential als auch Erfolgsfaktoren,
welche die Nutzung von Telemedizin beeinflussen, herausgestellt werden.

Methodik Die TELnet@NRW Studie ist eine im Zeitraum von Februar 2017 bis
Januar 2020 durchgeführte nationale, multizentrische, cluster-randomisierte
Studie im Stepped-Wedge-Design zwecks Dokumentation der Veränderung der
Behandlungsqualität durch Telemedizin in einem sektorenübergreifenden Netzwerk.
Beratungsgegenstand sind intensivmedizinische und infektiologische
Fragestellungen. Die vorliegende Studie erhob über personengruppenspezifische
Fragebögen die Akzeptanz zu dem in der Hauptstudie praktizierten
telemedizinischen Versorgungskonzept. Die Befragung erfolgte innerhalb des
Berichtszeitraumes einmalig, anonym und auf freiwilliger Basis in digitaler oder
papierbasierter Form.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 126 Fragebögen von Ärzten und 1686 Fragebögen von
Patienten und Angehörigen ausgewertet. In bis zu 88,4% der Fälle messen die
Ärzte beider Sektoren der Telemedizin hohes Potential zur Steigerung
leitliniengerechter Behandlung zu. Einen positiv verstärkenden Erfolgsfaktor
stellt eine vertrauensvolle und wertschätzende Kommunikation in der
telemedizinischen Beratung dar. Durch Telemedizin generierte Arbeitsmehraufwände
wirken hemmend auf die Akzeptanz, insbesondere im stationären Sektor. Eine
Verstetigung der Telemedizin über das Projektende hinaus wird in beiden Sektoren
sowohl ärztlich (stationär 60,6%, ambulant 82,1%) als auch patienten- und
angehörigenseits (stationär 79,7%, ambulant 57,4%) mehrheitlich befürwortet.

Schlussfolgerung Es besteht eine sehr weitreichende Akzeptanz für
telemedizinische, sektorenübergreifende Versorgungskonzepte bei Ärzten,
Patienten und Angehörigen. Aufwandarme Prozesse und eine nutzerzentrierte
Technik sind notwendig, um die Anwendungsrate zu erhöhen. Telemedizin besitzt
das Potential der Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualität und kann als robuster
Baustein zu einer zukunftsfähigen Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland
beitragen.
Aspekte der Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie in Deutschland zu
Zeiten der DDR und danach
Authors: Gallistl Adrian , Strauß Bernhard , Kaufmann Marie Theresa , Nussmann Hannah D. , Heller Ayline , Brähler Elmar
Published: August 2024

Ziel der Studie Es sollten Unterschiede in der tatsächlichen Inanspruchnahme von
Psychotherapie in den Neuen Bundesländern zu DDR-Zeiten und danach untersucht
werden. Darüber hinaus sollten unter Beachtung von Generationeneffekten (Geburt
vor / nach dem 01.01.1980) heutige Differenzen in der
Inanspruchnahmebereitschaft sowie Barrieren der Inanspruchnahme in Einstellung,
Ansichten und Kontakt zu psychisch Kranken zwischen Personen aus den Neuen
Bundesländern, den Alten Bundesländern sowie Personen, die von den Neuen in die
Alten Bundesländer (Binnenmigrant*innen) gezogen sind, erfasst
werden.Methodik Für die Untersuchung der Fragestellung wurden die Daten einer
repräsentativen Befragung in den Neuen Bundesländern an N=2729 Personen sowie
die Daten einer zweiten online-basierten Befragung von Personen aus den Neuen
und Alten Bundesländern sowie Binnenmigrierten mit insgesamt N=4789
Teilnehmenden ausgewertet.Ergebnisse 1% der befragten Personen gab an, zu
DDR-Zeiten Psychotherapie in Anspruch genommen zu haben. Insgesamt lag die
Inanspruchnahme-Prävalenz für Therapieerfahrungen unter den Personen, die die
DDR miterlebten und vor dem 01.01.1980 geboren wurden, bei knapp 13%. Diese
berichteten auch insgesamt von einer stärkeren Inanspruchnahmebereitschaft von
Hilfen bei seelischem Leid seit Ende des Kalten Kriegs. Die Prävalenz bei den
Jüngeren belief sich auf knapp 12%. In der zweiten Befragung zeigten sich bei
den älteren Befragten bedeutsame Unterschiede – so sind Ostdeutsche heute und
waren auch zu DDR-Zeiten in der Rückschau weniger dazu bereit, Psychotherapie
bei seelischem Leid in Anspruch zu nehmen, sie haben auch weniger Kontakt zu
psychisch Erkrankten. Im Hinblick auf Wünsche nach Distanz zu psychisch
Erkrankten, Selbststigmatisierung bei Vorliegen einer psychischen Erkrankung und
Diskriminierung psychisch Erkrankter zeigten sich Unterschiede zwischen
Ostdeutschen, Westdeutschen und Binnenmigrierten je nach
Generationenzugehörigkeit.Diskussion Barrieren, die der Inanspruchnahme von
Psychotherapie entgegenwirken, sind generationen- und sozialisationsspezifisch
zu betrachten. DDR spezifische Sozialisationsfaktoren könnten erklären, warum
gerade ältere Ostdeutsche weniger Bereitschaft zeigen, Psychotherapie in
Anspruch zu nehmen.
Konventionell dosierte oder Hochdosis-Salvagetherapie bei rezidivierten Hodentumoren
Authors: Oing Christoph , Hentrich Marcus
Published: August 2024

Patienten mit metastasierter Keimzelltumorerkrankung haben seit Einführung Cisplatin-basierter Kombinationschemotherapieregime sehr gute Heilungsaussichten von >80%. Trotzdem erleiden knapp 30% der Patienten nach der Erstlinientherapie ein Rezidiv ihrer Erkrankung. Knapp die Hälfte dieser Patienten kann durch platin-basierte Salvagechemotherapie und ggf. anschließende Residualtumorresektion geheilt werden. Für die Salvagechemotherapie kommen entweder erneut konventionell dosierte Cisplatin-basierte Kombinationstherapien oder eine Hochdosischemotherapie mit Carboplatin und Etoposid und nachfolgender autologer Stammzelltransplantation zum Einsatz. Bislang gibt es keine höhergradige Evidenz aus randomisierten Studien, die einen Vorteil für die Hochdosischemotherapie zeigen konnte, jedoch beschreibt eine internationale retrospektive Registerstudie mit knapp 1600 Patienten ein ca. 15% höheres Gesamtüberleben für Patienten, die dosisintensiviert behandelt wurden. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel wird die Datenlage zu den unterschiedlichen Salvagetherapiestrategien zusammengefasst und unter Einbezug aktueller Leitlinienempfehlungen diskutiert.
Evaluation of the Behavioral Effect of Psychostimulants in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Silva Francisca de Azevedo e , P. Morais João , Mira Coelho Alda
Published: August 2024

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. In this context, patients are often treated with psychostimulants in an attempt to control behavioral symptoms. This study aims to understand the behavioral effects of psychostimulants in children with ASD and investigate if interictal epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) can act as a modifying factor in this behavior.

Methods Sixty-eight patients with ASD who were being accompanied in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João and had previously done an EEG assessment answered a questionnaire regarding their behavioral response to psychostimulants.

Results In total, 47.4% of patients reported improved agitation, 56.1% enhanced concentration, and 8.8% improved sleep. Conversely, 28.1% experienced worsened agitation, 15.8% worsened concentration, and 17.5% worsened sleep. The remaining reported no alterations. The age of diagnosis correlated significantly with improved agitation, with a higher diagnosis age being associated with a higher probability of improvement. Extended-release methylphenidate and genetic variations were significantly associated with worsening of agitation. Regarding speech, 86% exhibited no changes, while 14% showed alterations, mostly, 87.5%, characterized as negative. For other behavioral alterations, 45.6% reported negative changes, 3.5% reported positive changes, and 50.9% reported no additional alterations. Female gender was significantly associated with other negative behavioral changes. A significant correlation was found between treatment duration and the probability of improvement in agitation, concentration, and other behavioral changes.
6. Fachmesse Krankenhaus Technologie: Den Technologiesprung meistern
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: August 2024

Krankenhäuser stehen vor einem entscheidenden Technologiesprung: Sie müssen klimaneutral und smart werden. Um auf dem Gesundheitsmarkt zu bestehen, heißt es zudem, kräftig an den Stellschrauben Effizienz, Funktionalität, Bedarfsorientierung und Aufenthaltsqualität zu drehen.
Zukunftssicher: Erfahrung gegen Innovation?
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: August 2024

Die Zeiten, um als Geschäftsführerin oder Geschäftsführer ein Krankenhaus erfolgreich zu leiten, sind herausfordernd. Was es dafür braucht und ob es eine Generationenfrage ist, wie man mit treibenden Zukunftsthemen wie Digitalisierung oder Fachkräftemangel umgeht, darüber haben sich Anja Heeger und Alexander Schmidke im Doppelinterview intensiv ausgetauscht.
Krankenhaus-Bauprojekte 2024 und Folgejahre: Unsicherheiten verzögern Bauaktivitäten
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: August 2024

Fachkräftemangel, hohe Materialkosten und gestiegene Bauzinsen – und jetzt noch die Unsicherheiten durch die Krankenhausreform. Der Münchner Informationsdienstleister Schwab Marketing registriert weiterhin ein gleichbleibend hohes Niveau an Bauaktivitäten.
Lichtblick: Der Kümmerer
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: August 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
AI and ethics: Investigating the first policy responses of higher education institutions to the challenge of generative AI
Authors: Dabis Attila , Csáki Csaba
Published: August 2024

This article addresses the ethical challenges posed by generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education and explores the first responses of universities to these challenges globally. Drawing on five key international documents from the UN, EU, and OECD, the study used content analysis to identify key ethical dimensions related to the use of generative AI in academia, such as accountability, human oversight, transparency, or inclusiveness. Empirical evidence was compiled from 30 leading universities ranked among the top 500 in the Shanghai Ranking list from May to July 2023, covering those institutions that already had publicly available responses to these dimensions in the form of policy documents or guidelines. The paper identifies the central ethical imperative that student assignments must reflect individual knowledge acquired during their education, with human individuals retaining moral and legal responsibility for AI-related wrongdoings. This top-down requirement aligns with a bottom-up approach, allowing instructors flexibility in determining how they utilize generative AI especially large language models in their own courses. Regarding human oversight, the typical response identified by the study involves a blend of preventive measures (e.g., course assessment modifications) and soft, dialogue-based sanctioning procedures. The challenge of transparency induced the good practice of clear communication of AI use in course syllabi in the first university responses examined by this study.
A smartphone-based approach for comprehensive soil microbiome profiling
Authors: Liang Yan , Khanthaphixay Bradley , Reynolds Jocelyn , Leigh Preston J. , Lim Melissa L. , Yoon Jeong-Yeol
Published: August 2024

The soil microbiome is crucial for nutrient cycling, health, and plant growth. This study presents a smartphone-based approach as a low-cost and portable alternative to traditional methods for classifying bacterial species and characterizing microbial communities in soil samples. By harnessing bacterial autofluorescence detection and machine learning algorithms, the platform achieved an average accuracy of 88% in distinguishing common soil-related bacterial species despite the lack of biomarkers, nucleic acid amplification, or gene sequencing. Furthermore, it successfully identified dominant species within various bacterial mixtures with an accuracy of 76% and three-level soil health identification at an accuracy of 80%–82%, providing insights into microbial community dynamics. The influence of other soil conditions (pH and moisture) was relatively minor, showcasing the platform's robustness. Various field soil samples were also tested with this platform at 80% accuracy compared with the laboratory analyses, demonstrating the practicality and usability of this approach for on-site soil analysis. This study highlights the potential of the smartphone-based system as a valuable tool for soil assessment, microbial monitoring, and environmental management.
Electrodermal activity in pain assessment and its clinical applications
Authors: Kong Youngsun , Chon Ki H.
Published: August 2024

Electrodermal activity (EDA) measures skin conductivity, reflecting sweat gland activity, and is considered a noninvasive measure of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Consequently, EDA has emerged as an informative physiomarker in clinical and nonclinical applications in assessing dynamics of SNS functions. With recent proliferation of the abuse of pain medications, there is a pressing need for objective pain assessment given that a self-pain rating is the only metric doctors use for prescribing medications. To overcome this limitation, there has been increased attention on the use of EDA due to close association between pain and the SNS. With advancements in wearable sensors combined with signal processing and machine learning, it has become more feasible to objectively assess pain using EDA. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research related to the use of EDA for objective pain assessment and its clinical applications. Furthermore, this paper discusses the use of recent new developments in signal processing and machine learning techniques, and examines current challenges and future directions that can enable better quantitative assessment of pain using EDA.
Design and optimization of handheld alloy analysis instrument based on microjoule high pulse repetition frequency LIBS
Authors: Qu Dongming , Yang Guang , Zhou Wenwen , Sun Huihui , Fang Jiaxuan , Tian Di , Li Chunsheng , Li Qingkai
Published: August 2024

We briefly describe the design of a handheld metal detection instrument based on microjoule high repetition frequency laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The instrument uses a Raspberry Pi as the control core and a laser with a frequency of 10 kHz and a single pulse energy of 100 µJ as the excitation source. In addition, a mini-putter is built into the instrument to move the laser, allowing the ablation of the sample surface line area without external auxiliary equipment. The excitation-generated plasma radiation is collected by a simple optical path and transmitted directly to the spectrometer. We also constructed and trained a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) model based on 12 different grades of alloys and transplanted the feedback process of the BP-ANN to the Raspberry Pi, which realized the rapid classification of the 12 alloys with >95% classification accuracy on the handheld instrument.
Impact pressure coefficient and object mobilization length in mass flows
Authors: Pudasaini Shiva P. , Tiwari Chet N. , Dangol Bekha R. , Kafle Jeevan , Pokhrel Puskar R. , Kattel Parameshwari
Published: August 2024

As the impact force of a flow overcomes the frictional resistance of an object, the object moves as long as the pressure exerted by the flow is greater than its shear resistance. With this concept, here, we develop simple analytical models for the mechanical description of the coefficient of impact pressure Cp0 and the mobilization length L when a mass flow impacts a movable object. We invented the obstacle mobilization number Cp0, a dimensionless number, which is expressed as the ratio of the obstacle shear resistance to the kinetic energy of the flow, per unit length. We also relate it to the obstacle Froude number Fr0. When the object moves through the length L against the basal friction, after consuming its kinetic energy, the object eventually stops. This balance between the kinetic energy and friction yields an analytical model for the mobilization length of the object. Equivalently, if the mobilization length is known, the impact velocity can be calculated. This is very important in estimating the flow velocity of any large-scale natural mass flows. Our model predicts that Cp0 decreases strongly to weakly non-linearly with the impact velocity, density ratio between the granular particle and the mobile object, and the area ratio between the grain covered area of the object and its base. Moreover, Cp0 increases linearly with the basal friction coefficient. However, the dynamic response of Cp0 to the shape of the object may vary immensely between objects of different shapes. Our model also predicts that the mobilization length L of the mobile object varies with the square of the impact velocity of flowing mass, but decreases with basal friction of the obstacle and the component of gravitational acceleration in the direction normal to the flow depth. We conduct several laboratory chute experiments with different native Nepalese complex fruit seeds and food grains to validate the physical significance and scope of Cp0 and L. Our simple analytical models very well describe the coefficient of impact pressure and the mobilization length of the mobile object impacted by the laboratory granular flows. We discuss the applicability of Cp0 and L to real flow situations in designing protective civil defense structures as well as mitigating from natural disasters, and industrial transports of complex granular flows.
Plasmon dephasing time and optical field enhancement in a plasmonic nanobowl substrate studied by scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Hasegawa Seiju , Kanoda Masatoshi , Tamura Mamoru , Hayashi Kota , Tokonami Shiho , Iida Takuya , Imura Kohei
Published: August 2024

Plasmonic substrates have been extensively investigated due to their potential applications in fluorescence microscopy, chemical sensing, and photochemical reactions. The optical properties of the substrate depend on the spatial and temporal features of the plasmon excited. Hence, the ability to directly visualize plasmon dynamics is crucial. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal properties of plasmon excitation in a plasmonic nanobowl substrate consisting of a periodic hexagonal array of nanoscale bowl-like structures developed with self-assembly. Near-field transmission imaging revealed that multiple plasmon resonance bands are observed from visible to near-infrared spectral region, and the optical contrast of the image is dependent on the observed band. Near-field two-photon photoluminescence microscopy revealed that the probability of excitation inside each nanoscale bowl-like structure is greater than that in the surrounding area. Near-field time-resolved imaging revealed that the nanobowl substrate exhibited a substantially long plasmon dephasing time, exceeding 12 fs. Based on the spectral features of the near-field and far-field spectra, we found that optically dark plasmon mode is excited by the near-field illumination and only partly contributes to the long dephasing time observed. This fact indicates that the dephasing time is extended by some other mechanism in the periodic substrate. We revealed from this study that the enhanced optical fields induced in the nanobowl structure originate from the photosynergetic effect of the cavity mode and plasmon mode excited.
Propagation of broadband mid-infrared optical pulses in atmosphere
Authors: Hensel Christian , Vamos Lenard , Tyulnev Igor , Elu Ugaitz , Biegert Jens
Published: August 2024

We study and describe the reshaping of ultrashort and broadband mid-IR optical pulses in an ambient atmosphere. While all pulse propagation undergoes dispersion and absorption, which causes pulse reshaping, the effects are strongly pronounced for broadband radiation in the mid-IR due to the orders of magnitude greater oscillator strengths of molecular constituents of our atmosphere. A noticeable macroscopic impact is a transition of the measured autocorrelation function from squared hyperbolic secant to Lorentzian, which we fully explain based on pulse propagation, including molecular free induction decay. Electro-optical sampling directly reveals the light wave response to atmospheric molecular free induction decay, and a Kramers–Kronig-based propagation model thoroughly explains the observation. The findings are essential for applications in sensing, standoff detection, high-energy pulse propagation, and energy delivery.
Results from a synthetic model of the ITER XRCS-Core diagnostic based on high-fidelity x-ray ray tracing
Authors: Pablant N. A. , Cheng Z. , O’Mullane M. , Gao L. , Barnsley R. , Bartlett M. N. , Bitter M. , Bourcart E. , Brown G. V. , De Bock M. , Delgado-Aparicio L. F. , Dunn C. , Fairchild A. J. , Hell N. , Hill K. W. , Klabacha J. , Kraus F. , Lu D. , Magesh P. B. , Mishra S. , Sánchez del Río M. , Tieulent R. , Yakusevich Y.
Published: August 2024

A high-fidelity synthetic diagnostic has been developed for the ITER core x-ray crystal spectrometer diagnostic based on x-ray ray tracing. This synthetic diagnostic has been used to model expected performance of the diagnostic, to aid in diagnostic design, and to develop engineering tolerances. The synthetic model is based on x-ray ray tracing using the recently developed xicsrt ray tracing code and includes a fully three-dimensional representation of the diagnostic based on the computer aided design. The modeled components are: plasma geometry and emission profiles, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite pre-reflectors, spherically bent crystals, and pixelated x-ray detectors. Plasma emission profiles have been calculated for Xe44+, Xe47+, and Xe51+, based on an ITER operational scenario available through the Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite database, and modeled within the ray tracing code as a volumetric x-ray source; the shape of the plasma source is determined by equilibrium geometry and an appropriate wavelength distribution to match the expected ion temperature profile. All individual components of the x-ray optical system have been modeled with high-fidelity producing a synthetic detector image that is expected to closely match what will be seen in the final as-built system. Particular care is taken to maintain preservation of photon statistics throughout the ray tracing allowing for quantitative estimates of diagnostic performance.