bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Concentration of Silver Atoms in Hydrosol Nanoparticles
Authors: Abkhalimov Evgeny , Ershov Vadim , Ershov Boris
Published: September 2022

In this work, we propose a new method for determining the concentration of silver atoms in hydrosols of nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with various capping agents. The proposed method is based on the determination of IBT absorption in the UV region (a broad band with a weakly pronounced shoulder at ~250 nm). To determine the extinction coefficient at 250 nm, we synthesized silver nanoparticles with average sizes of 5, 10, and 25 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, HRTEM, electron diffraction, XRD, DLS, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. It has been shown that the absorption characteristics of spherical NPs are not significantly influenced by the hydrosol preparation method and the type of stabilizer used. For particles with a size of 5–25 nm, the molar extinction coefficient of Ag0 atoms was found to be equal to 3500 ± 100 L mol−1 cm−1 at a wavelength of 250 nm. The results of the theoretical calculations of the molar extinction coefficients for spherical nanoparticles are in good agreement with the experimental values. ICP-MS analysis confirmed the applicability of this method in the concentration range of 5 × 10−7–1 × 10−4 mol L−1.
Erdheim–Chester Disease with Isolated CNS Involvement: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Haque Anam , Pérez Carlos A. , Reddy Thejasvi A. , Gupta Rajesh K.
Published: September 2022

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, sporadic, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that can have various presentations and higher mortality in patients presenting with neurological symptoms. We performed a systematic review to investigate and chronicle the frequency of neurological manifestations, imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes in published ECD patients presenting with neurological symptoms. A PubMed literature search was conducted for articles (published between January 1980 and June 2021) on ECD cases presenting with neurological manifestations. We analyzed the data of 40 patients, including our patient. Cranial neuropathies and ataxia were the most frequent clinical manifestations. A total of 50% of the symptomatic ECD CNS lesions were intraparenchymal and nearly 33% of patients died due to the disease itself or complications. CNS involvement may be the only manifestation of ECD and sometimes may require a repeat biopsy with IHC testing for excellent treatment outcomes.
The Potential of Pectins to Modulate the Human Gut Microbiota Evaluated by In Vitro Fermentation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pascale Nélida , Gu Fangjie , Larsen Nadja , Jespersen Lene , Respondek Frederique
Published: September 2022

Pectin is a dietary fiber, and its health effects have been described extensively. Although there are limited clinical studies, there is a growing body of evidence from in vitro studies investigating the effect of pectin on human gut microbiota. This comprehensive review summarizes the findings of gut microbiota modulation in vitro as assessed by 16S rRNA gene-based technologies and elucidates the potential structure-activity relationships. Generally, pectic substrates are slowly but completely fermented, with a greater production of acetate compared with other fibers. Their fermentation, either directly or by cross-feeding interactions, results in the increased abundances of gut bacterial communities such as the family of Ruminococcaceae, the Bacteroides and Lachnospira genera, and species such as Lachnospira eligens and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, where the specific stimulation of Lachnospira and L. eligens is unique to pectic substrates. Furthermore, the degree of methyl esterification, the homogalacturonan-to-rhamnogalacturonan ratio, and the molecular weight are the most influential structural factors on the gut microbiota. The latter particularly influences the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. The prebiotic potential of pectin targeting specific gut bacteria beneficial for human health and well-being still needs to be confirmed in humans, including the relationship between its structural features and activity.
Healthy and Unhealthy Food Consumption in Relation to Quality of Life among Finnish Female Municipal Employees: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bergman Elina , Vepsäläinen Henna , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Laaksonen Marika , Kautiainen Hannu , Penttinen Markus A. , Rautava Päivi , Korhonen Päivi E.
Published: September 2022

Aspects of good quality of life (QoL) have been found to motivate people to make lifestyle changes. There is also evidence that certain dietary patterns are associated with QoL. The aim of this work was to examine whether consumption frequencies of healthy and unhealthy food items are associated with QoL in female employees. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 631 Finnish female employees (mean age 49 years, SD = 10) from 10 municipal work units in 2015. Information about the participants was collected by physical examination, laboratory tests, self-administered questionnaires, including the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and from medical history. QoL was assessed with the EUROHIS-Quality of Life 8-item index. A significant positive association was seen between consumption frequency of healthy foods and the EUROHIS-QOL mean score (p = 0.002). The association was small but comprehensive, also involving most dimensions of QoL. The consumption frequency of unhealthy foods was not associated with QoL. These findings are relevant when designing diet counselling, since QoL is an outcome that has been found to motivate people to change their health habits. Recommending abundant use of healthy foods could be a simple and convenient way of diet counselling at many health care appointments, where time consuming approaches are difficult to conduct.
Evaluation of Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Chicory Extracts as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Assayed in Calorimetric and Docking Simulation Studies
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Andrzej , Budryn Grażyna , Carmena-Bargueño Miguel , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio
Published: September 2022

The aim of the study was to explain the effects of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root extracts as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the molecular level and to determine the inhibition of AChE activity by specific SLs (lactucin and lactucopicrin) and different chicory extracts. The obtained SLs-rich extracts were purified by the countercurrent partition chromatography (CPC) technique. AChE inhibitors were analyzed using two models: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and docking simulation. The results of ITC analysis of the enzyme and the ligands’ complexation showed strong interactions of SLs as well as extracts from chicory with AChE. In a test of enzyme activity inhibition after introducing acetylcholine into the model system with SL, a stronger ability to inhibit the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter was observed for lactucopicrin, which is one of the dominant SLs in chicory. The inhibition of enzyme activity was more efficient in the case of extracts, containing different enzyme ligands, exhibiting complementary patterns of binding the AChE active site. The study showed the high potential of using chicory to decrease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
Study of the Association between Thiols and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Obesity
Authors: D’Alessandro Annamaria , Di Felice Giovina , Manco Melania , Pastore Anna , Pezzi Simona , Mariani Michela , Fintini Danilo , Onetti Muda Andrea , Porzio Ottavia
Published: September 2022

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and the World Health Organization defined childhood overweight and obesity as a noncommunicable disease that represents the most serious public health challenges of the twenty-first century. Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants causing an impairment of the redox signals, is linked to the development of metabolic diseases. In addition, reactive oxygen species generated during metabolic disorder could increase inflammation, causing the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We analyze serum levels of cysteine (Cys), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), and other markers of oxidative stress, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T-BARS), 8-isoprostane, and protein carbonyl in our children with obesity. Total antioxidant status was also determined. We found lower GSH and Cys-Gly levels, and higher Hcy and oxidative stress markers levels. We also found a positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI), Cys, GSH, and Hcy levels, between insulin and Cys levels, and between BMI and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with 8-isoprostane levels. Finally, we found a correlation between age and GSH and Cys levels. The deficiency of GSH could be restored by dietary supplementation with GSH precursors, supplying an inexpensive approach to oppose oxidative stress, thus avoiding obesity complications.
Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development of a Multitargeted Flavonoid Phloretin
Authors: Nakhate Kartik T. , Badwaik Hemant , Choudhary Rajesh , Sakure Kalyani , Agrawal Yogeeta O. , Sharma Charu , Ojha Shreesh , Goyal Sameer N.
Published: September 2022

Phloretin is a flavonoid of the dihydrogen chalcone class, present abundantly in apples and strawberries. The beneficial effects of phloretin are mainly associated with its potent antioxidant properties. Phloretin modulates several signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms to exhibit therapeutic benefits against various diseases including cancers, diabetes, liver injury, kidney injury, encephalomyelitis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, arthritis, and cognitive impairment. It ameliorates the complications associated with diabetes such as cardiomyopathy, hypertension, depression, memory impairment, delayed wound healing, and peripheral neuropathy. It is effective against various microbial infections including Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Considering the therapeutic benefits, it generated interest for the pharmaceutical development. However, poor oral bioavailability is the major drawback. Therefore, efforts have been undertaken to enhance its bioavailability by modifying physicochemical properties and molecular structure, and developing nanoformulations. In the present review, we discussed the pharmacological actions, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of phloretin. Moreover, the review provides insights into physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and approaches to promote the pharmaceutical development of phloretin for its therapeutic applications in the future. Although convincing experimental data are reported, human studies are not available. In order to ascertain its safety, further preclinical studies are needed to encourage its pharmaceutical and clinical development.
The Impact of Modifying Food Service Practices in Secondary Schools Providing a Routine Meal Service on Student’s Food Behaviours, Health and Dining Experience: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mingay Edwina , Hart Melissa , Yoong Serene , Palazzi Kerrin , D’Arcy Ellie , Pursey Kirrilly M. , Hure Alexis
Published: September 2022

The education sector is recognised as an ideal platform to promote good nutrition and decision making around food and eating. Examining adolescents in this setting is important because of the unique features of adolescence compared to younger childhood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine interventions in secondary schools that provide a routine meal service and the impact on adolescents’ food behaviours, health and dining experience in this setting. The review was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist and Cochrane Handbook recommendations. Studies published in English searched in four databases and a hand search yielded 42 interventions in 35 studies. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two reviewers. Interventions were classified using the NOURISHING framework, and their impact analysed using meta-analysis, vote-counting synthesis or narrative summary. The meta-analysis showed an improvement in students selecting vegetables (odds ratio (OR): 1.39; 1.12 to 1.23; p = 0.002), fruit serves selected (mean difference (MD): 0.09; 0.09 to 0.09; p < 0.001) and consumed (MD: 0.10; 0.04 to 0.15; p < 0.001), and vegetable serves consumed (MD: 0.06; 0.01 to 0.10; p = 0.024). Vote-counting showed a positive impact for most interventions that measured selection (15 of 25; 41% to 77%; p = 0.002) and consumption (14 of 24; 39% to 76%; p = 0.013) of a meal component. Interventions that integrate improving menu quality, assess palatability, accessibility of healthier options, and student engagement can enhance success. These results should be interpreted with caution as most studies were not methodologically strong and at higher risk of bias. There is a need for higher quality pragmatic trials, strategies to build and measure sustained change, and evaluation of end-user attitudes and perceptions towards intervention components and implementation for greater insight into intervention success and future directions (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020167133).
Associations between Food Groups and Health-Related Quality of Life in Korean Adults
Authors: Nabbosa Shamirah , Lee Sunghee
Published: September 2022

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the associations between food groups and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The data of 14,979 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 and 2018 were examined. The HRQoL was assessed with EuroQol-5 Dimension. The 24-h recall test was used to examine the dietary intake of food groups. Males and females accounted for 13.79% and 21.62% of the low HRQoL groups. The males in the lowest tertile of the “vegetables” and “fish and shellfish” food groups were more likely to have a low HRQoL (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25 (1.05–1.65), 1.45 (1.12–1.89), respectively) than those in the highest tertile, whereas those in the lowest tertile of the “cereal and grain products” were less likely to have a low HRQoL (OR (95% CI) = 0.69 (0.52–0.91)). The females in the lowest tertile of the “vegetables” food group were more likely to have a low HRQoL (OR (95% CI) = 1.56 (1.17–3.01)) than those in the highest tertile. After adjusting for confounders indagated with not only dietary but also non-dietary factors such as stress, we found that low HRQoL was significantly associated with food groups of “vegetables”, “fish and shellfish”, and “cereal and grain products” among males and of “vegetables” among females.
Potential Health-Promoting Effects of Two Candidate Probiotics Isolated from Infant Feces Using an Immune-Based Screening Strategy
Authors: Liang Huijing , Ze Xiaolei , Wang Silu , Wang Yimei , Peng Chenrui , Cheng Ruyue , Jiang Fengling , Wu Simou , He Ruikun , He Fang , Zhang Xuguang , Shen Xi
Published: September 2022

Commensal microorganisms in the human gut are a good source of candidate probiotics, particularly those with immunomodulatory effects that may improve health outcomes by regulating interactions between the gut microbiome and distal organs. Previously, we used an immune-based screening strategy to select two potential probiotic strains from infant feces in China, Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 (207-1) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 207-27 (207-27). In this study, the in vitro immunological effects and potential in vivo general health benefits of these two strains were evaluated using Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as the control. The results showed that 207-1 and 207-27 significantly and differentially modulated the cytokine profiles of primary splenic cells, while did not induce abnormal systemic immune responses in healthy mice. They also modulated the gut microbiota composition in a strain-dependent manner, thus decreasing Gram-negative bacteria and increasing health-promoting taxa and short-chain fatty acid levels, particularly butyric acid. Conclusively, 207-1 and 207-27 shaped a robust gut environment in healthy mice in a strain-specific manner. Their potential immunomodulatory effects and other elite properties will be further explored using animal models of disease and subsequent clinical trials. This immune-based screening strategy is promising in efficiently and economically identifying elite candidate probiotics.
Increased Body Mass Index and Risk of Left Atrial Thrombus in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients—Data from the Left Atrial Thrombus on Transesophageal Echocardiography (LATTEE) Registry
Authors: Uziębło-Życzkowska Beata , Kapłon-Cieślicka Agnieszka , Kiliszek Marek , Gawałko Monika , Budnik Monika , Starzyk Katarzyna , Wożakowska-Kapłon Beata , Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz Ludmiła , Kaufmann Damian , Wójcik Maciej , Błaszczyk Robert , Hiczkiewicz Jarosław , Łojewska Katarzyna , Mizia-Stec Katarzyna , Wybraniec Maciej T. , Kosmalska Katarzyna , Fijałkowski Marcin , Szymańska Anna , Gos Aleksandra , Haberka Maciej , Kucio Michał , Michalski Błażej , Kupczyńska Karolina , Tomaszuk-Kazberuk Anna , Wilk-Śledziewska Katarzyna , Wachnicka-Truty Renata , Koziński Marek , Burchardt Paweł , Krzesiński Paweł
Published: September 2022

An increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and a higher risk of thromboembolic complications in AF patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMI on the risk of left atrial thrombi (LATs) in patients with nonvalvular AF/atrial flutter (AFl) (NV AF/AFl). Patients diagnosed with NVAF/AFl (between November 2018 and May 2020) were selected from the multicenter, prospective, observational Left Atrial Thrombus on Transesophageal Echocardiography (LATTEE) registry that included AF/AFl patients referred for cardioversion or ablation followed by transesophageal echocardiography. A total of 2816 AF/AFl patients (63.6% males; mean age 65.8 years; mean BMI 29.8 kg/m2) were included in the study. Two hundred and twenty-two of them (7.9%) had LATs. Compared with normal-weight patients, those with BMIs ≥ 25 kg/m2 more frequently presented clinical factors potentially provoking LATs, such as non-paroxysmal AF/AFl (p = 0.04), hypertension (p < 0.001), and diabetes (p < 0.001); had higher CHA2DS2 scores (p < 0.001); and had larger LA dimensions (LA diameter and LA area) (p < 0.001 for both parameters). On the other hand, they showed some features negatively related to thromboembolic risk; for example, they were younger (p < 0.001) and were more often male (p = 0.002). In addition, patients with abnormal BMIs were more likely to be smokers (p = 0.006) and to be treated with oral anticoagulants (p = 0.005). Despite these differences in the prevalence of thromboembolic risk factors, the incidence of LATs was not increased in patients with abnormal body weight (overweight and obese compared to normal-weight patients) in this large real-life cohort of AF/AFl patients. This is probably due to the balanced composition regarding the prevalence of positive and negative thromboembolic risk factors.
Effects of Different Ratios of Carbohydrate–Fat in Enteral Nutrition on Metabolic Pattern and Organ Damage in Burned Rats
Authors: Yang Yongjun , Su Sen , Zhang Yong , Wu Dan , Wang Chao , Wei Yan , Peng Xi
Published: September 2022

(1) Background: Nutritional support is one of the most important cornerstones in the management of patients with severe burns, but the carbohydrate-to-fat ratios in burn nutrition therapy remain highly controversial. In this study, we aimed to discuss the effects of different ratios of carbohydrate–fat through enteral nutrition on the metabolic changes and organ damage in burned rats. (2) Methods: Twenty-four burned rats were randomly divided into 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% fat nutritional groups. REE and body weight were measured individually for each rat daily. Then, 75% of REE was given in the first week after burns, and the full dose was given in the second week. Glucose tolerance of the rats was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14. Blood biochemistry analysis and organ damage analysis were performed after 7 and 14 days of nutritional therapy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and insulin content analysis were performed after 14 days. (3) Results: NMR spectra showed significant differences of glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways. The energy expenditure increased, and body weight decreased significantly after burn injury, with larger change in the 20%, 5% and 30% fat groups, and minimal change in the 10% fat group. The obvious changes in the level of plasma protein, glucose, lipids and insulin, as well as the organ damage, were in the 30%, 20% and 5% fat groups. In relative terms, the 10% fat group showed the least variation and was closest to normal group. (4) Conclusion: Lower fat intake is beneficial to maintaining metabolic stability and lessening organ damage after burns, but percentage of fat supply should not be less than 10% in burned rats.
Dietary Quality during Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Yang Jiaomei , Chang Qianqian , Dang Shaonong , Liu Xin , Zeng Lingxia , Yan Hong
Published: September 2022

Limited studies on maternal dietary quality indices and congenital heart defects (CHD) are available. This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary quality in pregnancy and CHD among the Chinese population. A case-control study was performed in Northwest China, and 474 cases and 948 controls were included. Eligible women waiting for delivery were interviewed to recall diets and other information during pregnancy. Dietary quality was assessed by the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Logistic regression models were adopted to evaluate the associations of dietary quality scores with CHD. Pregnant women with higher scores of GDQS and MDS were at a lower risk of fetal CHD, and the adjusted ORs comparing the extreme quartiles were 0.26 (95%CI: 0.16–0.42; Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.53 (95%CI: 0.34–0.83; Ptrend = 0.007), respectively. The inverse associations of GDQS and MDS with CHD appeared to be stronger among women with lower education levels or in rural areas. Maternal GDQS and MDS had good predictive values for fetal CHD, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves close to 0.8. Efforts to improve maternal dietary quality need to be strengthened to decrease the prevalence of CHD among the Chinese population.
Prevalence of Malnutrition Assessed by the GLIM Criteria and Association with Activities of Daily Living in Older Residents in an Integrated Facility for Medical and Long-Term Care
Authors: Kokura Yoji , Momosaki Ryo
Published: September 2022

Malnutrition is associated with poor functional outcomes in residents in long-term care facilities. The integrated facility for medical and long-term care (IFMLC) is a new Japanese long-term care facility where medical services can be provided. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition diagnosed based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and its association with activities of daily living (ADL) in older residents in IFMLC. In this cross-sectional study of older residents, we diagnosed mild and severe malnutrition using the GLIM criteria and assessed ADLs using the Barthel index (BI). Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between BI score and GLIM-defined malnutrition. A total of 117 older residents (84 women; median age, 88 years) were analyzed in this study. The prevalence values of mild and severe malnutrition were 29% and 18%, respectively. Multivariate analyses for the BI score after adjusting for potential confounders showed that mild and severe malnutrition were independently associated with BI score (B = −6.113, p < 0.046; B = −8.411, p = 0.015, respectively). GLIM-defined malnutrition is negatively associated with ADLs in older residents in IFMLC.
The Impact of COVID-19-Related Living Restrictions on Eating Behaviours in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brakspear Lucy , Boules Daniella , Nicholls Dasha , Burmester Victoria
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the imposition of physical and social distancing measures worldwide. Emerging data suggest that younger age groups may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse mental health impacts of the pandemic. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an unprecedented increase in demand for child and adolescent eating disorder services. The aim of this review was to systematically review and appraise the current literature on the impact of COVID-19-related living restrictions on the eating behaviours of children and adolescents. Searches of eight electronic databases were conducted in March 2021 and December 2021 for published and grey literature on eating behaviours of population samples of children and adolescents (aged 18 months to 18 years old) who were exposed to COVID-19-related living restrictions. Of 3165 retrieved references, sixteen studies were included in this review, comprising data from 125, 286 participants. There was a pattern towards healthier eating behaviours among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, young people from lower socioeconomic groups showed a tendency towards more unhealthy eating behaviours, and there was an association between mood difficulties and greater changes in eating; this suggests that such groups may be more vulnerable to the adverse health consequences of lockdowns.
Association between Food Sources of Free Sugars and Weight Status among Children and Adolescents in Japan: The 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Aya , Okada Emiko , Matsumoto Mai , Tajima Ryoko , Yuan Xiaoyi , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: September 2022

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between food sources of free sugars and weight status among children and adolescents aged 2–19 years in Japan (1438 males and 1340 females) from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. We estimated the percentage of energy intake (% E) from free sugars from total food sources (FStotal), solid foods (FSsolids), and beverages (FSliquids), using one-day weighed dietary record data. Weight status was determined based on body mass index (BMI) z-scores and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The mean energy intakes of FStotal, FSsolids, and FSliquids were 5.8%, 4.1%, and 1.8% in males and 6.2%, 4.6%, and 1.6% in females, respectively. After controlling for potential confounding factors, including energy intake, there was no association of free sugars intake from all food sources with BMI z-scores or with the prevalence of overweight and obesity, except for a marginal association between higher FSsolids and lower estimated BMI z-scores in females (p = 0.05). The present findings indicate that among children and adolescents in Japan, who have a relatively low mean intake of free sugars, consuming free sugars from any food source is unlikely to have an adverse effect on weight status.
Infection in Living Donor Liver Transplantation Leads to Increased Risk of Adverse Renal Outcomes
Authors: Hsu Kao-Ming , Lin Pei-Ru , Chiu Ping-Fang , Hsieh Yao-Peng
Published: September 2022

(1) Background: Little is known about the subsequent renal function change following incident infectious diseases in living-donor liver transplant (LT) recipients. (2) Methods: We studied patients who underwent living-donor LT from January 2003 to January 2019 to evaluate the association of incident hospitalization with major infections or pneumonia with adverse renal outcomes, including a sustained 40% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and renal composite outcome (a 40% decline in eGFR, end-stage renal disease, or death.). Multivariable-adjusted time-dependent Cox models with infection as a time-varying exposure were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for study outcomes. (3) Results: We identified 435 patients (mean age 54.6 ± 8.4 years and 76.3% men), of whom 102 had hospitalization with major infections during follow-up; the most common cause of infection was pneumonia (38.2%). In multiple Cox models, hospitalization with a major infection was associated with an increased risk of eGFR decline > 40% (HR, 3.32; 95% CI 2.13–5.16) and renal composite outcome (HR, 3.41; 95% CI 2.40–5.24). Likewise, pneumonia was also associated with an increased risk of eGFR decline > 40% (HR, 2.47; 95% CI 1.10–5.56) and renal composite outcome (HR, 4.37; 95% CI 2.39–8.02). (4) Conclusions: Our results illustrated the impact of a single infection episode on the future risk of adverse renal events in LT recipients. Whether preventive and prophylactic care bundles against infection and judicious modification of the immunosuppressive regimen benefit renal outcomes may deserve further study.
Probiotic as a Potential Gut Microbiome Modifier for Stroke Treatment: A Systematic Scoping Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Savigamin Chatuthanai , Samuthpongtorn Chatpol , Mahakit Nuttida , Nopsopon Tanawin , Heath Julia , Pongpirul Krit
Published: September 2022

Background: Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for stroke are essential but can be costly or harmful, whereas probiotics are a promising alternative. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the in vitro and in vivo evidence of probiotics on stroke-related neurological, biochemical, and histochemical outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) up to 7 May 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened and assessed by two independent reviewers. The initial screening criteria aimed to include studies using probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics both in vitro and in vivo for the prevention and/or treatment of stroke. Results: Of 6293 articles, 4990 passed the initial screen after excluding duplication articles, of which 36 theme-related full texts were assessed and 13 were included in this review. No in vitro studies passed the criteria to be included in this review. Probiotics can ameliorate neurological deficits and show their anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative properties. Decreased loss of cerebral volume and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis were revealed in histopathological evidence. Conclusions: There are potential cognitive benefits of probiotic supplementation, especially among animal models, on decreasing cerebral volume, increasing neurological score, and decreasing the inflammatory response. However, further investigation is needed to validate these conclusions in various populations.
Mediterranean Diet and White Matter Hyperintensity Change over Time in Cognitively Intact Adults
Authors: Song Suhang , Gaynor Alexandra M. , Cruz Emily , Lee Seonjoo , Gazes Yunglin , Habeck Christian , Stern Yaakov , Gu Yian
Published: September 2022

Current evidence on the impact of Mediterranean diet (MeDi) on white matter hyperintensity (WMH) trajectory is scarce. This study aims to examine whether greater adherence to MeDi is associated with less accumulation of WMH. This population-based longitudinal study included 183 cognitively intact adults aged 20–80 years. The MeDi score was obtained from a self-reported food frequency questionnaire; WMH was assessed by 3T MRI. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the effect of MeDi on WMH change. Covariates included socio-demographic factors and brain markers. Moderation effects by age, gender, and race/ethnicity were examined, followed by stratification analyses. Among all participants, WMH increased from baseline to follow-up (mean difference [follow-up-baseline] [standard deviation] = 0.31 [0.48], p < 0.001). MeDi adherence was negatively associated with the increase in WMH (β = −0.014, 95% CI = −0.026–−0.001, p = 0.034), adjusting for all covariates. The association between MeDi and WMH change was moderated by age (young group = reference, p-interaction[middle-aged × MeDi] = 0.075, p-interaction[older × MeDi] = 0.037). The association between MeDi and WMH change was observed among the young group (β = −0.035, 95% CI = −0.058–−0.013, p = 0.003), but not among other age groups. Moderation effects by gender and race/ethnicity did not reach significance. Greater adherence to MeDi was associated with a lesser increase in WMH over time. Following a healthy diet, especially at younger age, may help to maintain a healthy brain.
Lupinus albus γ-Conglutin: New Findings about Its Action at the Intestinal Barrier and a Critical Analysis of the State of the Art on Its Postprandial Glycaemic Regulating Activity
Authors: Heinzl Giuditta C. , Tretola Marco , De Benedetti Stefano , Silacci Paolo , Scarafoni Alessio
Published: September 2022

γ-Conglutin (γ-C) is the glycoprotein from the edible seed L. albus, studied for long time for its postprandial glycaemic regulating action. It still lacks clear information on what could happen at the meeting point between the protein and the organism: the intestinal barrier. We compared an in vitro system involving Caco-2 and IPEC-J2 cells with an ex vivo system using pig ileum and jejunum segments to study γ-C transport from the apical to the basolateral compartment, and its effects on the D-glucose uptake and glucose transporters protein expression. Finally, we studied its potential in modulating glucose metabolism by assessing the possible inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. RP-HPLC analyses showed that γ-C may be transported to the basolateral side in the in vitro system but not in the pig intestines. γ-C was also able to promote a decrease in glucose uptake in both cells and jejunum independently from the expression of the SGLT1 and GLUT2 transporters.
Water Extract of Piper longum Linn Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: Gu Dong Ryun , Yang Hyun , Kim Seong Cheol , Hwang Youn-Hwan , Ha Hyunil
Published: September 2022

Piper longum linn has traditionally been used for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in India. Although various pharmacological effects of P. longum have been studied, its effects on bone have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this study examined the inhibitory effect of the water extract of P. longum Linn (WEPL) on osteoclast differentiation. WEPL directly affected the osteoclast precursors and suppressed osteoclast differentiation in vitro. In addition, the expression levels of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, a critical transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis, were significantly downregulated by WEPL via the suppression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Consistent with the in vitro results, oral administration of WEPL (100 and 300 mpk) to ovariectomized mice for six weeks relieved the OVX-induced bone loss. We also identified phytochemicals in WEPL that are reported to exert inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis and/or bone loss. Collectively, the findings of our study indicate that WEPL has an anti-osteoporotic effect on OVX-induced bone loss by diminishing osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that it may be useful to treat several bone diseases caused by excessive bone resorption.
Combination of Caloric Restriction and a Mixed Training Protocol as an Effective Strategy to Counteract the Deleterious Effects in Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Caused by a Diet-Induced Obesity in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Nebot Elena , Martínez Rosario , Kapravelou Garyfallia , Sánchez Cristina , Llopis Juan , Aranda Pilar , Porres Jesús M. , López-Jurado María , Pietschmann Peter
Published: September 2022

The association of obesity with changes in bone mass is not clear. Obese individuals tend to have an increased bone mineral density, but other studies have shown that obesity is a major risk factor for fractures. The mechanisms of bone response during a weight loss therapy as well as the possible osteoprotective effect of exercise should be analyzed. The aim of this study was to test the effects of a weight-loss program based on the combination of caloric restriction and/or a mixed training protocol on different parameters of bone morphology and functionality in a DIO rat model. Three stages were established over a 21-week period (obesity induction 0–12 w, weight loss intervention 12–15 w, weight maintenance intervention 15–21 w) in 88 male Sprague Dawley rats. Bone microarchitecture, total mineral and elemental composition, and bone metabolism parameters were assessed. Weight loss interventions were associated to healthy changes in body composition, decreasing body fat and increasing lean body mass. On the other hand, obesity was related to a higher content of bone resorption and inflammatory markers, which was decreased by the weight control interventions. Caloric restriction led to marked changes in trabecular microarchitecture, with a significant decrease in total volume but no changes in bone volume (BV). In addition, the intervention diet caused an increase in trabeculae number and a decrease in trabecular spacing. The training protocol increased the pore diameter and reversed the changes in cortical porosity and density of BV induced by the high protein diet at diaphysis level. Regarding the weight-maintenance stage, diminished SMI values indicate the presence of more plate-like spongiosa in sedentary and exercise groups. In conclusion, the lifestyle interventions of caloric restriction and mixed training protocol implemented as weight loss strategies have been effective to counteract some of the deleterious effects caused by a dietary induction of obesity, specifically in trabecular bone morphometric parameters as well as bone mineral content.
Bacon, Brownie, or Broccoli? Beliefs about Stress-Relieving Foods and Their Relationship to Orthorexia Nervosa
Authors: Steinmann Annebirth , Ruf Alea , Ahrens Kira F. , Reif Andreas , Matura Silke
Published: September 2022

Background: Nutritional beliefs play an important role when it comes to food choice. However, little attention has been paid to which foods individuals believe to be comforting when experiencing stress. With increasing health awareness in the general public, this study aims to examine whether the nutritional belief exists that only healthy foods relieve stress. If so, we are interested in its relationship to Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) tendencies. Methods: 175 participants (mean age 28.5 ± 7.8 years, 124 females) completed questionnaires to assess beliefs about stress-relieving foods and ON tendencies. Principal component analysis was used to reduce foods to food groups. Subsequently, a latent profile analysis was performed to identify groups with distinct nutritional beliefs. Results: Among eight distinct groups, one group (8% of the sample) reported the belief that exclusively healthy foods relieve stress. Multinominal logistic regressions showed that higher ON tendencies were associated with that group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that individuals with stronger ON tendencies believe that, in particular, healthy foods relieve stress. This indicates that nutritional beliefs in ON concern not only the somatic consequences of certain foods, but also psychological consequences, which might also drive orthorexic behaviour. This offers a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of ON.
Higher Intake of Fat, Vitamin E-(β+γ), Magnesium, Sodium, and Copper Increases the Susceptibility to Prostatitis-like Symptoms: Evidence from a Chinese Adult Cohort
Authors: Zhang Meng , Jin Chen , Ding Yang , Tao Yuqing , Zhang Yulin , Fu Ziyue , Zhou Tao , Zhang Li , Song Zhengyao , Hao Zongyao , Meng Jialin , Liang Chaozhao
Published: September 2022

Background: Prostatitis-like symptoms (PLS) lead to severe discomfort in males in their daily lives. Diet has been established as affecting PLS in our prior study, but the effect of nutrients, particularly for micronutrients remains largely unclear. Methods: This study enrolled 1284 participants from August 2020 to March 2021. The National Institute of Health–Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was used to assess PLS. The diet composition was evaluated by the Chinese Food Composition Tables. Results: Participants were separated into PLS (n = 216), control (n = 432), and noninflammatory-abnormal symptoms (NIANS) (n = 608) groups. We observed higher levels of carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E-(β+γ) and subclass, zinc, magnesium, selenium, potassium, sodium, iron and manganese in the PLS group than in the control group. After adjustment for the potential confounders, the elevated risk from IQR2 to IQR4 of fat (P for trend = 0.011), vitamin E-(β+γ) (P for trend = 0.003), magnesium (P for trend = 0.004), sodium (P for trend = 0.001) and copper (P for trend < 0.001) was identified. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the nutrient distribution in PLS patients and reveal that the higher intake of fat, vitamin E-(β+γ), magnesium, sodium, and copper is associated with a risk of PLS.
Targeted Metabolomics Revealed a Sex-Dependent Signature for Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexican Population
Authors: Palacios-González Berenice , León-Reyes Guadalupe , Rivera-Paredez Berenice , Ibarra-González Isabel , Vela-Amieva Marcela , Flores Yvonne N. , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Salmerón Jorge , Velázquez-Cruz Rafael
Published: September 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of several metabolic conditions predisposing to chronic diseases. Individuals diagnosed with MetS are physiologically heterogeneous, with significant sex-specific differences. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential sex-specific serum modifications of amino acids and acylcarnitines (ACs) and their relationship with MetS in the Mexican population. This study included 602 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Forty serum metabolites were analyzed using a targeted metabolomics approach. Multivariate regression models were used to test associations of clinical and biochemical parameters with metabolomic profiles. Our findings showed a serum amino acid signature (citrulline and glycine) and medium-chain ACs (AC14:1, AC10, and AC18:10H) associated with MetS. Glycine and AC10 were specific metabolites representative of discrimination according to sex-dependent MetS. In addition, we found that glycine and short-chain ACs (AC2, AC3, and AC8:1) are associated with age-dependent MetS. We also reported a significant correlation between body fat and metabolites associated with sex-age-dependent MetS. In conclusion, the metabolic profile varies by MetS status, and these differences are sex-age-dependent in the Mexican population.
Genetic Causal Association between Iron Status and Osteoarthritis: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Zhang Shaoyun , Tian Ye , Si Haibo , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Liu Yuan , Li Mingyang , Sun Kaibo , Wu Limin , Shen Bin
Published: September 2022

Objective: Observational studies have shown the association between iron status and osteoarthritis (OA). However, due to difficulties of determining sequential temporality, their causal association is still elusive. Based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of a large-scale population, this study explored the genetic causal association between iron status and OA. Methods: First, we took a series of quality control steps to select eligible instrumental SNPs which were strongly associated with exposure. The genetic causal association between iron status and OA was analyzed using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used for analysis. The results were mainly based on IVW (random effects), followed by sensitivity analysis. IVW and MR-Egger were used for heterogeneity testing. MR-Egger was also used for pleiotropy testing. Leave-one-SNP-out analysis was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with potential impact. Maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW (fixed effects) were performed to further validate the reliability of results. Results: IVW results showed that transferrin saturation had a positive causal association with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), hip osteoarthritis (HOA) and KOA or HOA (p < 0.05, OR > 1), and there was a negative causal association between transferrin and HOA and KOA or HOA (p < 0.05, OR < 1). The results of heterogeneity test showed that our IVW analysis results were basically free of heterogeneity (p > 0.05). The results of the pleiotropy test showed that there was no pleiotropy in our IVW analysis (p > 0.05). The analysis results of maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median and IVW (fixed effects) were consistent with our IVW results. No genetic causal association was found between serum iron and ferritin and OA. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the causal association between iron status and OA, which provides novel insights to the genetic research of OA.
Evaluation of School Children Nutritional Status in Ecuador Using Nutrimetry: A Proposal of an Education Protocol to Address the Determinants of Malnutrition
Authors: Tapia-Veloz Estephany , Gozalbo Mónica , Tapia-Veloz Gabriela , Carpio-Arias Tannia Valeria , Trelis María , Guillén Marisa
Published: September 2022

The education sector is a cornerstone in the battle against malnutrition in children. However, there are still no consolidated protocols that outline strategies for how nutrition programs in low- and middle-income countries can be delivered through the education sector. Establishing the correct community diagnosis is essential prior to the elaboration of an intervention plan for a school population that takes into account more than just traditional variables related to the nutritional status. A total of 574 boys and girls aged 3–11 years from three educational institutions in different municipalities in Ecuador participated in the study. Sociodemographic, anthropometric (weight and height) and coproparasitological data were obtained. Nutrimetry, which is a combination of two classical anthropometrics indicators, was used for the analysis of the nutritional status, and the indicators’ frequencies varied among the schools. In order to improve the nutritional status of children, we proposed a framework mainly focusing on establishing alliances with the education sector and taking into account gender equality; respect for the environment; and the customs, beliefs and traditions of each population. The results obtained from the analyses of other variables demonstrated the importance of an adequate diagnosis prior to any type of intervention at the nutritional level, since characteristics could vary by local area and have an impact on the successfulness of the intervention.