bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Retinal Tear Location and Internal Tamponade on The Success of Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Patients with Uncomplicated Retinal Detachment
Authors: Straňák Zbyněk , Veith Miroslav , Dobaka Jan , Penčák Martin , Helman Karel , Studený Pavel
Published: January 2025

Aim: Retinal detachment is an acute sight-threatening condition that requires immediate surgical intervention. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between the different types of gases used, the position, and the number of tears.

Material and Methods: This is a retrospective non-randomized comparative study of patients with uncomplicated RRD treated at the Department of Ophthalmology from March 2018 to April 2021 using PPV. A total of 494 evaluated eyes were included in the study. The anatomical success of the surgery was monitored with regard to the extent of retinal detachment, the number and position of tears, and the tamponade used.

Results: The success rate of retinal reattachment with a single operation was 90.7% (448 eyes), and the final anatomical success rate was 100%. A very weak paired relationship was found between the success of the surgery for tears in the 4–8 hours region and the 9–3 hours region (89.1% vs. 92%). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between procedures using SF6 and C3F8 gases for RRD with a tear in the 4–8 hours region (success rate 93.4% for SF6 vs. 89.1% for C3F8). The average postoperative improvement of best corrected visual acuity was 29.6 ETDRS letters, and a gain of 15 letters was recorded in 55.1% (272 eyes). Overall, the complication rate was very low.

Conclusion: PPV is a safe and effective method for treating RRD. Extensive experience with this method allows the use of short-acting tamponades in selected patients.
Modern Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Disease in Type 1 Diabetes. A Pilot Study
Authors: Štorm Josef , Burdová Česká Marie , Uhlík Jiří , Minaříková Marcela , Lainová Vrabcová Tereza , Hložánek Martin , Mahelková Gabriela
Published: January 2025

Patients with dry eye syndrome form a significant proportion of those treated in everyday ophthalmology practice. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of dry eye syndrome. Changes in tear film homeostasis, chronic inflammation and subsequent corneal nerve fiber pathology play a key role in its progression.
The aim of this study was to describe the status of modern biomarkers of ocular surface damage in patients with type 1 diabetes and asses their utility in early diagnosis of dry eye syndrome.

Material and methods: In total the pilot study included 19 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 15 patients in the control group. All patients underwent a detailed ocular surface examination, sample collection for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) laboratory analysis and epithelial HLA-DR expression evaluation, and in-vivo corneal confocal microscopy.

Results: T1D patients showed statistically significantly reduced corneal nerve fiber length (p = 0.0482). The differences between the groups in terms of osmolarity, corneal sensitivity, Oxford score, tear break-up time and MMP-9 level were not statistically significant (p = 0.8272, p = 0.6029, p = 0.3507, p = 0.7561 and p = 0.0826 respectively). HLA-DR expression was examined in 10 T1D patients and 8 patients in the control group. Both groups showed minimal or no expression (p > 0.9999).

Conclusion: The previously published literature supports our finding of corneal nerve fiber length reduction in T1D patients compared to controls. However, we did not find any significant changes in standard or modern ocular surface markers (MMP-9 levels, HLA-DR expression) measured in patients with dry eye syndrome.
Internal Limiting Membrane Dehiscence and Rouleaux Formation in a Case with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Macular Edema Treated with a Single Dexamethasone Implant Administration. A Case Report
Authors: Köksaldı Seher , Ahmadova Nargiz , Avcı Remzi , Saatci Ali Osman
Published: January 2025

A 70-year-old woman was examined with a 10-day history of photopsia and floaters in her left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes, with a normal intraocular pressure and some nuclear sclerosis. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed a separated posterior vitreous, with a rolled internal limiting membrane flap and inner retinal dimples in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography demonstrated reduced vessel density in both the superficial and deep capillary plexuses of the left fundus. Sixteen months earlier, she had received a single intravitreal Dexamethasone implant injection, due to inferotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema. A diagnosis of internal limiting membrane tear following an uneventful posterior vitreous detachment was reached and no treatment was recommended.
ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN ENSURING SOCIAL COHESION
Authors: P. M. S. H. Priyadharshani
Published: January 2025

The media have evolved into a multi-purpose tool that addresses not only communication but also a multitude of other human needs, significantly influencing social behavior. Among the creative impacts that the media have on modern Sri Lankan society, they have a responsibility to build a just society that is politically, economically, and socially harmonious and integrated. Social cohesion is the creation of an environment where everyone can flourish, regardless of race, color, religion, gender, class, caste, or other social markers. The media play a crucial role in ensuring cohesion in societies. The relationship between popular media and social cohesion facilitates the elimination of negative activities such as crime and immorality and leads to a positive contribution to coexistence and the community. The media can promote social cohesion by providing accurate information, facilitating dialogue, and encouraging ideas. When shared values, goals, and experiences are communicated, the media can strengthen social bonds and encourage people from different backgrounds to live together in harmony. Trust and social capital, shared values and identity, diversity, economic equality, equal access to quality education, social services and welfare, and active participation are identified as key elements necessary to promote cohesion. Providing accurate information, linguistic diversity, diverse representation, promoting dialogue and debate, advocating for social justice, community participation, prioritizing nation-building initiatives, and reporting on ethnic crises and conflict resolution are identified as the roles of the media in promoting social cohesion. Using the questionnaire method as the main data collection method, data were collected from 50 young students of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura according to the convenience sample. After subjecting the selected sample to quantitative and qualitative analysis, it was concluded that there is a recognition among the youth that the media play a significant role in social cohesion, but the need to use the media for social cohesion, which is the most important path for the development of a country, should be expanded in other directions.
تحليل الآراء النحوية التي خالف فيها ثعلب الكسائي في المرفوعات والمنصوبات وترجيحها
Authors: شحادة رنا حسان , غوانمة حسين مصطفى
Published: January 2025

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان الآراء النحوية التي خالف فيها ثعلب الكسائي في المرفوعات والمنصوبات، وتحليل الآراء النحوية في المرفوعات والمنصوبات وترجيحها. المنهجية: يعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الترجيحي من خلال استخراج الاراء النحوية التي خالف فيها ثعلب الكسائي في المرفوعات والمنصوبات في كتاب مجالس ثعلب، ثم تحليل هذه الآراء وبعد ذلك الترجيح فيها، ويعتمد البحث على كتاب مجالس ثعلب لأنه قائم على مجموعة من المجالس التي عرضت كثيرًا من المسائل النحوية بين العلماء، وسيكون الاعتماد في ذلك على خطوات البحث العلمي ومنهجيته. الخلاصة: توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج ومن أهمها: الاختلاف في تفسير الآراء النحوية في المرفوعات عند كل من ثعلب والكسائي، حيث قاما بتقديم آراء في بعض المرفوعات قد تكون مخالفة للقاعدة النحوية التقليدية مثل: رفع الفعل بعد "إنّ" أو "لكن"، وهو لا يتبع بالضرورة القواعد المقررة في المدارس النحوية التقليدية مثل البصريين أو الكوفيين، والمنصوبات عند الكسائي جاءت مخالفةً لبعض قواعد المنصوبات في حالات معينة، مثل المفاعيل أو التوابع، حيث اعتمد على تطبيق قواعد مغايرة أحيانًا عند التأويل.
ДИСТАНЦІЙНЕ ОПИТУВАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ЯК ЗАСІБ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ІНЖЕНЕРНА ГРАФІКА»
Authors: Скорюкова Яніна , Слободянюк Олена
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the search for ways to improve the quality of teaching engineering graphics. In the process of researching the effectiveness of using new innovative teaching methods, interactive teaching methods, the main criteria and indicators of the formation of students' graphic abilities and skills were determined. The results of an online survey of students were used to assess the quality of teaching the discipline, the level of methodological support, and the professional qualities of the teacher of engineering graphics. The authors developed the conditions for conducting all stages of the questionnaire. A comparative analysis of the results of the survey with the results of the final control of engineering graphics was carried out. Monitoring of the results made it possible to identify trends of divergence or convergence of indicators of real grades and the results of students' opinion polls. Making changes to the structure of the course, involving new modern teaching technologies will lead to certain changes in terms of perception and understanding of the material, which in turn will affect the quality of teaching in a certain way. It will be possible to evaluate these changes using the survey process, the calculation of correlation indicators and the study of changes in these indicators over time. This will make it possible to adjust the process of teaching technical discipline. Based on the results of the survey, the feasibility of using video lectures on engineering graphics in the conditions of mixed and distance learning is substantiated. Based on the results of the survey, it is possible to adjust teaching methods and forms and plan further actions to improve the educational process in engineering graphics. The correct formulation of questions and answer options, as well as the correct (anonymous, non-coercive) organization of the survey process allows you to create an objective informative space, which will undoubtedly be useful for improving various aspects of the process of teaching the discipline. The need for a further remote survey for the purpose of monitoring and evaluating the quality of engineering graphics teaching was determined.
СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ХУДОЖНЬОЇ ОБРОБКИ ДЕРЕВИНИ У ЗМІСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ
Authors: Швець Олена , Коломієць Дмитро , Бабчук Юрій
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the most popular innovative technologies of artistic wood processing (laser engraving, use of milling machines with numerical software control, technology of deep processing of wood, combination of natural wood with synthetic materials). The main problems of professional training of future specialists in artistic woodworking are identified (insufficient financing of educational institutions, lack of modern educational programs, low popularity of the profession, problems with equipment for practical training, lack of qualified teachers, insufficient support for innovations). The authors offer possible methodological techniques for implementing knowledge about innovations in the field of artistic wood processing in the professional training of specialists (acquainting students with trends in modern interior design; determining the types of innovative technologies of artistic wood processing; performing practical work using innovative technologies).
ОЦІНКА ПРАКТИЧНОГО СТАНУ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ STEM-ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА УРОКАХ ХІМІЇ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Сергєєв Олексій
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article is to reveal the main results of the study of the practical state of implementation of STEM technologies in teaching chemistry in secondary education institutions, to characterize the main elements of STEM teaching and analyze their impact on increasing the level of students'  academic achievements, to identify the main obstacles that teachers of secondary education institutions faced in implementing these technologies in the educational process. When writing the article, the following research methods were used: questionnaires, analysis of scientific literature, generalization of pedagogical experience. Based on the analysis of literary sources, it was found that some aspects of the application of STEM technologies in teaching chemistry are disclosed in the publications of domestic scientists and practicing teachers. However, these studies are of a practical nature and do not reveal the theoretical and methodological principles of implementing a STEM-oriented approach in teaching chemistry to students of secondary education institutions. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that modern chemistry teachers, regardless of location and teaching experience, use STEM-oriented approaches to teaching students, however, the number of teachers who use them on a regular basis is insignificant. According to the results of the study, a contradiction was identified between the assessment of the impact of STEM education on increasing the level of student academic achievement and the inconsistency of the material and technical support of educational institutions with the needs of the New Ukrainian School, the lack of methodologically sound materials for the implementation of these technologies and approaches, the lack of an adequate level of teacher training and the lack of motivation of participants in the educational process.
Українська народна пісня: традиції і сучасність: навчально-методичний посібник для студентів закладів вищої педагогічної освіти, учителів мистецьких дисциплін загальноосвітніх шкіл, музичних керівників закладів дошкільної освіти
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Вацьо М.
Published: January 2025

У навчально-методичному посібнику висвітлено феномен та історію української народної пісні, подано вокально-хоровий аналіз народних пісень та оригінальних музичних творів. До розділу нотна хрестоматія увійшли обробки українських народних пісень та авторські твори. Доповнений ілюстраціями з концертних виступів університетських творчих колективів «Щедрик» та «Веснянка» під керівництвом автора.
Даний навчально-методичний посібник написаний для студентів закладів вищої педагогічної освіти,вчителів мистецьких дисциплін та музичних керівників ЗДО.
“TikTok made me realize I had ADHD”
Authors: Holroyd Deanna
Published: January 2025

This article interrogates how TikTok has become a voice of authority in the self-diagnosis of ADHD and builds on theories of social, cultural, and algorithmic authority, to offer a theoretical framework of “techno-cultural authority”. Through a digital ethnography and analysis of ADHD TikToks and the technological infrastructures and assemblages surrounding the TikTok app, I demonstrate how ADHD TikTok content creators adopt visual and discursive norms from other trending TikTok content and traditional visual media content to generate authority, and to ensure their videos are deemed viewable and relevant by viewers and the algorithm. Contrary to traditional understandings of medical authority, I find that authority on TikTok is not produced by individuals or institutions, but rather by content creators who engage, en masse, with the supporting technologies of the TikTok app to reproduce familiar trends and visual norms.
Tiger King, the Pandemic, and the Staging of the Crisis of Capitalism
Authors: Anshen David , Garcia Madilynn
Published: January 2025

This article examines the series Tiger King through a Marxist lens, challenging prevailing capitalist narratives. It explores how the show provides a metanarrative of the present, critiquing capitalist values and exposing their illusory nature. By dethroning the Tiger King and questioning the legitimacy of meritocracy, it reveals the underlying dynamics of capitalist social relations characterized by lies, deception, and savagery. While not immediately leading to class consciousness or Marxism, the show lays the groundwork for this framework. The article also contemplates the potential rise of authentic class consciousness beyond capitalist triumphalism, sparked by widespread dissatisfaction as reflected in social conflicts. Ultimately, it suggests that Tiger King serves as a microcosm of broader power struggles, hinting at the possibility of impending class consciousness and class struggle.
O LUGAR DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM A PROPOSTA AVALIATIVA DO CURSO
Authors: ARRUDA CÍNTIA DE ABREU , LIMA RAYANNE DA SILVA , Santos Maria Tatiana da Silva , Viana Kilma da Silva Lima
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo “Analisar o lugar da experimentação e sua proposta de avaliação presente nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Química. A pesquisa é do tipo documental, com abordagem qualitativa, feita através de um estudo de documentos institucionais, disponíveis no site da instituição pesquisada. Foram investigados 3 campi da referida instituição, que ofereciam cursos de Licenciatura em Química na modalidade Presencial. Para a coleta e construção dos dados, utilizamos como instrumentos, o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (PPC) da Licenciatura em Química tendo como foco os aspectos relacionados à Experimentação e sua proposta de Avaliação. Os dados foram analisados, tomando como base os aportes teóricos da Experimentação Construtivista de Alves Filho (2000) e as Gerações da Avaliação de Guba e Lincoln (2011). Após nossa pesquisa, observamos que, mesmo a Química tendo uma natureza, essencialmente, experimental, nos cursos de formação de professores de Química investigados, a experimentação não tem espaço privilegiado, pois em seus Projetos Pedagógicos a experimentação é apresentada de forma tímida, e apenas nos componentes curriculares da área específica encontram-se emendas que fazem menção. E, apesar de apresentarem propostas avaliativas inovadoras de Quarta Geração, em nenhum momento é tratada uma proposta avaliativa específica para as atividades experimentais.
Effects of Active School Transportation on Physical Fitness of Congolese Intellectual Disabilities Adolescents
Authors: Paul Roger Mabounda Kounga , Marc Boussana Alain , Dieu-Donné Agbodjogbé Wilfrid Kpèdétin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) tend to have poorer physical fitness than their typically developing peers. Active transport provides substantial health benefits from increased physical activity. But few is known on the Congolese normal-weight and overweight with intellectual disabilities. Aim/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of active school-home transportation on the physical fitness of Congolese adolescents with intellectual disability disorder. Methods: A total of 28 adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability, were divided into normal-weight with intellectual disabilities (NWID, n = 18, age) and overweight with intellectual disabilities (OWID, n = 10, age). Their physical fitness parameters were assessed at three periods: on April-June 2023 (T0), October-November (T1) and December 2023 (T2). The active transportation (walking) and period of rest effects on adolescent’s physical fitness were assessed on T0/ T2 and T1 respectively. Physical fitness parameters were related to movement functionality (the test of balance) and health-related condition (waist circumference, 6-minute walk tests, push-up and sit-stand tests). Results: Waist circumference was significantly lowers (all p < 0.05) among NWID and OWID at T0 and T2 periods than on the T1 period. NWID scored significantly higher in flexibility, balance, push-up, 6MWT and VO2max (all p < 0.01) tests than OWID whereas OWID improve better the flexibility at the third period (p > 0.05). Compared to the second period, NWID scored significantly higher in the T0 period for balance, push-up and VO2max (all p < 0.05) and scored significantly higher in the T2 period for flexibility, balance, distance travel, push-up and VO2max (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Active transportation widely improved functionality and health related parameters of normal weight Congolese intellectual disabilities adolescents. School time periods exerted more effects on balance, flexibility, distance traveled, and cardiorespiratory fitness than the holyday on both normal weight and overweight groups.
АНАЛІЗ ЯКОСТІ ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ В БЕЗПРОВОДОВИХ МЕРЕЖАХ З КІЛЬКОМА СТРИБКАМИ
Authors: МІХНЕНКО Ярослав , КОНОНОВА Ірина
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена аналізу якості обслуговування безпроводових мереж, оскільки дане питання в сучасному світі стає все більш важливим аспектом для користувачів та у світі сучасних технологій. Забезпечення якості обслуговування (QoS ‒ Quality of Service) у безпроводових мережах має особливо велике значення, оскільки вони використовуються для передачі даних і забезпечення комунікації між різними пристроями та користувачами, забезпечуючи стабільність підключення, швидкість передачі пакетів інформації, безпеку передачі, конфеденційність та пріорітезацію трафіку, що відправляється.Серед безпроводових мереж нового покоління останніми роками особлива увага приділяється безпроводовим мережам з кількома стрибками. Оскільки бездпроводові мережі з кількома стрибками значно відрізняються від безпроводових локальних мереж, дослідження проведено в даній статті було зосереджено на пошуку рішень, спрямованих на бездпроводові мережі з кількома стрибками, оскільки забезпечення якості обслуговування в даних мережах не в повній мірі досліджено з погляду виникаючих проблем прихованих/відкритих станцій, непередбачуваності безпроводового середовища, мобільность вузлів та обмеження енергії. В роботі описано складність забезпечення QoS у безпроводових мережах з кількома стрибками та запропоновано варіант забезпечення QoS у безпроводових мережах з кількома стрибками з багаторівневої точки зору. Крім того, представлено рішення QoS, специфічні для безпроводових мереж. А саме ‒ рішення QoS для рівня управління доступом до посередників(MAC ‒ Media Access Control), рішення на основі резервування ресурсів на мережевому рівні, рішення QoS без збереження стану на мережевому рівні, багатоканальна маршрутизація QoS, QoS фреймворки, рішення QoS для безпроводових сітчастих мереж.
ВИКЛИКИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЮ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ ТА ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: ПАЩЕНКО Володимир , ПРОСКУРІВСЬКИЙ Михайло
Published: January 2025

У статті проаналізовано функціонування Української економіки під час повномасштабного вторгнення росії та пандемії COVID-19. Встановлено, що з 2014 року економіка України функціонувала в умовах гібридної війни між країною-агресором та Україною та демонструвала відносну стабільність, швидко переходячи від фази кризи до фази відновного зростання. З’ясовано, що з 2021 року до початку 2022 року економіка переживала наслідки триваючої пандемії COVID-19 і була ще більше ослаблена пандемією, не оговтавшись повністю від шоку гібридної війни, розв’язаної країною-агресором в 2014 році. В результаті повномасштабної війни, що розпочалася, економіка України зазнала змін. Визначено, що Уряд підтримує програми та заходи щодо стабілізації економіки України в умовах воєнного стану, зокрема ним впроваджені: програма релокації підприємств на безпечну територію; формування державного замовлення на продукцію; впровадження низки важливих рішень з дерегуляції; нова податкова політика, спрямована на зменшення фіскального навантаження на підприємства; програми безвідсоткового кредитування для всіх сфер бізнесу. Встановлено, що у 2022 році падіння ВВП склало понад 35% [2]. Визначено, що однією з сучасних тенденцій є продовження падіння інвестиційної активності під час війни, яке було частково компенсовано вимушеними інвестиціями бізнесу та держави у придбанні та встановленні значної кількості альтернативних джерел електроенергії. Встановлено, що очікується незначне зростання реального ВВП у 2023 році на 0,3% [2]. З’ясовано, що підтримка економічного зростання та фінансової стабільності має бути пріоритетом грошово-кредитної політики. Визначено, що до створення якісно нової та стабільної системи економічної безпеки в Україні ще тривалий час зберігатимуться високі ризики через невизначеність розвитку подій. Це зі свого боку стримує вільне надходження капіталу в українську економіку [3].
Career Ladder Professionalism in Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Amir Haeril , Hariyati Rr. Tutik Sri , Novieastari Enie , Pakasi Trevino A.
Published: January 2025

A defined career path for nurses is essential, as they constitute the largest segment of healthcare workers and hold strategic and leadership roles in determining the quality of patient care and overall hospital quality. This study aims to analyze the concept of professionalism in relation to the implementation of career paths for nurses within hospital settings. This concept analysis follows the steps outlined by Walker & Avant. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases to identify articles published between 2014 and 2024. After filtering, 9 articles were selected from various scientific disciplines such as nursing, medicine, education, and other health-related fields. This study identified three main attributes related to the clinical professional ladder: 1) integrity, 2) justice, and 3) beneficence. Antecedents include education, workshops/conferences, experience, and professional identity. Consequences include ethics, patient outcomes, nursing outcomes, future career opportunities, job satisfaction, retention, salary, and organizational commitment. This concept analysis enhances our understanding of the three attributes of the career ladder and professionalism (CLp) and provides insights into future development and uncertainties in nursing management. This concept is highly valuable for nurse management settings, particularly in enhancing professionalism through career path programs. Ultimately, this concept analysis approach encourages both new and experienced nurses to maintain professionalism in the delivery of nursing care.
Inspection Technologies for Construction and Maintenance of Highway Infrastructure – Review and Analysis
Authors: Tummalapudi Manideep , Timilsena Prem
Published: January 2025

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) seek to provide high quality infrastructure that meets or exceeds the desired quality standards crucial for ensuring safety and efficiency in our nation's transportation systems. Efficient inspection practices—which enable conformance with plans, specifications, and quality standards—are an essential part of this effort. In this digital age, state DOTs are relying on emerging technologies to improve inspection practices. However, there is limited knowledge available regarding various emerging technologies used for highway infrastructure construction and maintenance inspection. This study identifies various emerging technologies that are implemented at the state DOTs and their uses/applications for various inspection purposes. The emerging technologies studied in this project include Remote Sensing and Monitoring Technologies—specifically, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)—as well as Building Information Modelling (BIM), and Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (AR/VR). Based on a comprehensive literature review and content analysis of journal articles, technical reports, state DOT documents/reports, templates, and guidelines on the identified technologies, the research findings indicate different usage levels among state DOTs and found that DOTs use these technologies for applications such as structural inspection, verifying quantities, bridge and visual inspection, safety inspection, inspection workforce training, inspection documentation, and measurements of pay quantities, among others. This study serves as a valuable resource for state DOTs seeking to maximize the benefits of their investments and embrace innovative inspection technologies to ensure safety and efficiency in the nation's transportation infrastructure.
Development of Physics-Based Deterioration Models for Reinforced Soil Retaining Structures
Authors: Morsy Amr , Ebo Islam
Published: January 2025

Reinforced soil walls are key earth retention features in the transportation infrastructure. They are used to support and retain soil in a wide variety of crucial structures, such as highways, bridges, and railways, to ensure stability. They also provide solutions for constructing embankments and slopes in constrained spaces, allowing for efficient land use and improved infrastructure planning. This study used advanced numerical modeling to improve the understanding of the behavior and long-term performance of the aging reinforced soil walls from the 1970s for asset management purposes. An asset-scale model was created to simulate the effects of weather on these walls. The model included a system to track how moisture-driven corrosion affects wall stability and performance over time. The model outputs provide implications on the wall progressive deterioration over time and estimates for the wall remaining service life. Unlike newer wall generations constructed with strict specifications that limit fill corrosivity, early wall generations may maintain high levels of moisture for prolonged periods that can significantly increase corrosion rates. Accordingly, it is recommended that fill moisture monitoring be added to asset management measures for early generation walls that could have been constructed with highly corrosive or poorly drainable fills. The results of this study indicate that even though corrosion rates vary with changes in fill moisture, the overall loss in reinforcement thickness happens at a steady rate, showing a linear relationship between cumulative corrosion and time. The results also indicate that 25% fluctuation in fill moisture has no to little effect on the cumulative corrosion, and that the average fill moisture can be used to predict an approximate long-term cumulative corrosion. Thus, it is recommended to use one year of seasonal climate data for a specific location to estimate the annual variation in fill moisture. This can predict the yearly corrosion of reinforcements, which can then be multiplied by the number of service years to estimate long-term cumulative corrosion. Finally, an asset-scale performance model based on performance-requirement failure framework was developed using the outputs of the asset-scale numerical model. These performance models can inform decisions about critical transportation infrastructure maintenance, repair, or replacement strategies, and optimizing resource allocation.
Modeling of elastic properties of the reinforced layer of composite elements of structures of complex shape
Authors: Pyskunov Serhii , Bakhtavarshoev Tymur
Published: January 2025

One of the distinctive properties of composite materials is their anisotropy, which allows, in particular, to use their strength properties as efficiently as possible. Elements of structures that are made of composite materials, for structural reasons and to ensure strength, can have a geometric shape, which is characterized by a change in characteristic geometric dimensions along a certain coordinate. This can lead to an increase in the distance between the fibers, and, as a result, to a change in the reinforcement density along one of the coordinates. This is characteristic, for example, when increasing the length of the parallel of the conical shell in height when reinforcing the shell along the meridian, or increasing the length of the circle of the spherical belt when it is reinforced along the radius. The case of rectangular panels (plates or slabs) of variable thickness can be highlighted separately. In order to take into account the influence of these circumstances on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the layer, the variable reinforcement parameter characterizing the volume fraction of the fiber material is introduced from the characteristic coordinate. It is assumed that the fiber and matrix materials are in perfect contact at the separation boundary, local changes in the stress state are not taken into account there. The material of the fibers perceives compressive and tensile stresses, the fibers are arranged regularly. To formalize the description, the shape of the fibers is assumed to be rectangular. On the basis of these provisions, the relations for describing the elastic properties of a layer of a unidirectional fibrous composite material with a variable reinforcement ratio in one of the characteristic directions of the layer are obtained - the components of the stiffness matrix of the orthotropic composite, on the basis of which the effective characteristics of the composite material can be determined in the future (moduli of elasticity and Poisson's ratios in the directions along and across the fibers).
The influence of random loading on the strength of concrete and reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Chyrva Tetiana , Koliakova Vira , Martynov Viacheslav , Chyrva Volodymyr
Published: January 2025

It is known that practically all structures during operation are subjected to small but repetitive loads, the magnitude of which in some cases may exceed operational levels and have a random nature. Such influences include wind pulsations, accidents, seismic, technological, temperature-humidity loads. Existing methods for calculating structures do not take into account the peculiarities of concrete behavior under real conditions subject to random loading. However, such loading leads to an increase in residual deformations, an increase in the number of cracks, disruption of the bond between concrete and reinforcement, and can lead to the exhaustion of bearing capacity and premature failure.
Among various structural elements of buildings and structures, columns are most often subjected to technological and emergency influences, which determined the purpose of this research.
The determination of the scope of experimental research was carried out taking into account active experimentation. When developing the plan of a full factorial experiment, the following variable quantities were set: number of cycles n; load level η; relative eccentricity value . The research results showed that repeated loading for the investigated specimens led to an increase in bearing capacity compared to a one-time load by 18-30% depending on the magnitude of the eccentricity and the load level. To describe such loading, methods of random variables and processes were used. In this work, this approach is implemented based on the Monte Carlo method. The technology of applying this method is as follows: by reproducing a set of pseudo-random numbers, a selective realization of random loading is modeled according to a given distribution law as a function of the number of cycles. After testing concrete prisms according to a specified program, the realization of the parameters of the stress-strain state of concrete was obtained.
By conducting statistical processing of the obtained realizations, probabilistic characteristics of the investigated parameters were calculated. Statistical processing of test results allowed obtaining approximating equations for building dependencies  on each load cycle. To confirm the possibility of using the test results of prisms in studying the stress-strain state of off-center compressed elements, their bearing capacity was determined in the work.
Determining the bearing capacity by this methodology was agreed with the values of the bearing capacity obtained using regression equations based on a full factorial experiment.
This approach to the study of concrete can be used to determine the strength and reliability of building structures operating under various types of external influences (loads) using the apparatus of the theory of random variables and processes.
Features of the work of reinforced concrete arches with adjustment of effort under repeated loads
Authors: Kyslyuk Dmytro , Savenko Volodymyr , Uzhehova Olha , Samchuk Volodymyr , Ninichuk Mykola
Published: January 2025

In two-hinged arches, by adjusting the tightening force, it is possible to reduce the maximum values of bending moments in cross-sections under certain loads and dimensions of the structure. Solid two-hinged arches can be manufactured both at factories of reinforced concrete structures and directly at construction sites, depending on the size of the structure, the possibility of transportation, their number and other factors. Such arches are used in constructions covering industrial and public buildings, bridge structures, spatial coverings of buildings (shell diaphragms). In the process of operation, arches as a part of coverings in industrial and civil buildings and structures can be subjected to repeated loads, sometimes overloading and damage, which significantly affect the stress-deformed state of the cross-sections of the arch and tension. In two-hinged arches, there can be a redistribution of forces between the upper belt of the arch and the tightening, which affects their strength and stiffness.
The work of two-hinged reinforced concrete arches was experimentally investigated, which makes it possible to investigate the features of the stress-strain state of the belt sections and the nature of the redistribution of arch forces between the upper belt and the tension, the development of deflections and cracks under one-time and repeated short-term static loads.
As a result of the formation and development of cracks, the growth of plastic deformations in concrete, the stress-strain state changes and there is a redistribution of internal forces in the cross-sections of the arch, the rigidity of the reinforced concrete belt of the arch decreases and it works as an elastic element. The methodology for calculating the internal forces of two-hinged reinforced concrete arches is presented, taking into account the redistribution of forces during repeated loads. The proposed method will make it possible to more reliably design reinforced concrete arched structures, namely to reduce the moment of cracking of the stretched concrete zone, the deflection of the structure without reducing the bearing capacity of arched structures.
Current state of development of permanent pontoon bridges and prospects for their construction in Ukraine
Authors: Buhaievskyi Serhii , Nenastina Tetiana , Buhaievskyi Volodymyr , Buhaievska Yuliia
Published: January 2025

The history of the development of the most famous pontoon bridges, from ancient times to modern structures, is considered. The technical requirements for permanent pontoon bridges are systematized in accordance with the world experience in their design, construction, and operation. The most rational area of their application is outlined. The classification of permanent pontoon bridges according to the continuous and separate pontoon construction is presented. The variants of layout schemes depending on the peculiarities of their design, as well as variants of pontoon shape with a description of the peculiarities of their application are systematized. For reference, the table systematizes the main technical characteristics of modern permanent pontoon bridges located around the world. Modern projects of permanent pontoon bridges are considered in detail on the example of the coastal route E39, which is planned to be built in Norway using various bridge schemes, including cable-stayed and suspension bridges, as well as a floating tunnel. Conclusions are drawn regarding the further development of pontoon bridge structures in the future and the prospects for their construction in Ukraine.
Steel tower structures fatigue analysis taking into account the influence of wind vortex shedding
Authors: Nuzhnyj Valerii
Published: January 2025

In this work, the aspects of solid cross-section steel tower structures fatigue analysis, taking into account vortex shedding, are considered. In scientific and regulatory literature on the design of building structures, as well as in design practice, it is customary to take into account the influence of frontal wind on buildings and structures as a whole, as well as their structural elements. At the same time, tower structures are characterized by a special phenomenon - vortex shedding, when under the action of a frontal wind due to the successive breakdown of vortices, the structure oscillates in a plane perpendicular to the wind. Oscillations from vortex shedding occur according to their own oscillation frequencies at wind speeds higher than critical values, which, as will be shown, can be in the range of already moderate winds and higher. There is a question of assessing the number of oscillation cycles and the stress-deformation state of construction structures and their details for the entire period of operation in order to determine their durability. Analytical studies of the effect of vortex wind shedding were conducted in four tower structures with a continuous cross-section from 12 m to 48 m in height, which showed that most often in structures with vortex excitation, oscillations at the first natural frequency of oscillations are manifested, and the effect of vortex shedding increases significantly with an increase in the height of the structure. The time of winds with a speed higher than the critical speed was determined in one randomly selected year for the city of Kyiv from the weather archive published on the Internet resource, which showed that the number of oscillating cycles per year for the structures under study exceeds 1 million. This indicates the need to limit stresses in systems to the limit of endurance. Also considered is the aspect of the influence of the shape of the cross-section of structures on the stress-strain state, taking into account vortex shedding.
Behavior to shear force of a reinforced bar in the concrete
Authors: Klimov Yurii , Smorkalov Dmytro , Kozak Andrii
Published: January 2025

In the existing design practice, there are quite a lot of cases when it is necessary to take into account the behavior of the reinforcing bar located in the concrete to the shear force. Such behavior is interpreted as a dowel action in the reinforcement. The dowel action occurs and requires consideration when calculating the shear force at the intersection of longitudinal reinforcement with a critical inclined crack, calculations of joints of prefabricated and monolithic structures of columns with beams, joints of slabs, roadway pavements, structural connections for precast concrete buildings, column anchors and other cases. Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been devoted to the study of the dowel action in the reinforcement. However, the existing methods of calculation, primarily practical, still remain far from perfect. This work presents the results of theoretical research of the dowel action in longitudinal reinforcement, based on the systematization and analysis of experimental researches and practical design methods developed on their basis. A reinforcing bar located in the concrete was considered as a beam on an elastic base, for which the effective bending length, Foundation modulus is determined, then the forces in the bar are determined and the cases of reaching the ultimate limit state, both in the bar itself and in the surrounding concrete (crushing of concrete under the bar). At the same time, corresponding design dependencies were obtained and comparison with experimental data was performed, which revealed a fairly high accuracy of the developed calculation method.
Determination of parameters of dry building mixtures based on gypsum and polymer additives for finishing works
Authors: Harkusha Vitaliia , Simonov Serhii , Sergienko Yurii , Hodun Tetiana , Puzachova Hanna
Published: January 2025

The properties study of raw materials and dry building mixtures based on gypsum was carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents of Ukraine. In the course of laboratory studies, the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of construction gypsum from two quarries were determined. The fundamental difference between these two types of materials was determined and the expediency of using each of them was justified both from the point of view of quality and availability of each of the materials. A number of studies of multi-component building compositions have been carried out, both in terms of rheological and physical-mechanical properties of the finished coating without the use of additives-modifiers (composite system "binder ‑ aggregate"). The interaction of two binder types with two types of inert fillers of natural origin (chalk, limestone) separately or their combination was considered. Modifier additives were considered as components that have an impact on the required properties of the finished material. Additives-modifiers are considered depending on the spectrum of their action, conclusions are drawn regarding the expediency of their use, the conditions under which they are necessary components of the composite system are determined. The most rational dosage of components that influence on the properties of the working mixture and the finished coating is provided. Laboratory studies of the product’s properties of the most well-known manufacturers of gypsum-based dry construction mixtures, which are used by Ukrainian consumers (produced in Ukraine and Turkey), were conducted. The research results are presented and a comparative analysis of the obtained results is made. Information is given on the quality of raw materials used by these manufacturers. The main parameters of the technology for performing internal furnishing works with the use of building mixtures based on gypsum and polymer additives according to all technological operations during manual and machine application of gypsum coating are determined. The fundamental points related to the smoothness of strength gain of the finished building composition have been determined. Recommendations for the use of regulators of the process of gaining the strength of materials based on building gypsum are presented.