bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing Ergativity: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence
Authors: Zawiszewski Adam
Published: August 2017

So far ergativity has been mostly studied from a language-theoretic perspective and the evidence on how it is processed and represented is rather scarce. In this paper I provide an insight into ergativity from an experimental approach. First, I present an overview of the experimental methods used to investigate ergativity (self-paced reading, event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging) and next I review studies that examined behavioral, electrophysiological and neuroanatomical correlates of ergativity in both native and non-native speakers, as well as those focused on the universality of processing strategies in ergative languages. Finally, I also review and discuss the experimental data from works that dealt with syntactic and semantic aspects of ergativity and discuss the implication of the results for future research.
Experimental Approaches to Ergative Languages
Authors: Longenbaugh Nicholas , Polinsky Maria
Published: August 2017

This chapter summarizes major results in the domain of experimental approaches to ergativity, focusing on three major topics. First, it discusses studies that explore the competition between accusative and ergative alignment, where researchers have attempted to derive the typological preference for accusative alignment from processing- and learnability based constraints. Next, it examines studies concerning the interrelated issues of long-distance dependencies and agreement. The unique dissociation of case and argument-hood in ergative languages has afforded researchers new means of testing conclusions regarding the privileged grammatical status of subject, the relative import and function of case and agreement in the grammar, and the origins of constraints on extraction in ergative languages and beyond. Given that linguists have only recently begun to conduct experimental research on ergative languages, we conclude by suggesting areas for future research where ergativity might provide genuine insights rather than just replicate existing studies of accusative languages.
Ergative Case in Burushaski: A Dependent Case Analysis
Authors: Baker Mark C.
Published: August 2017

This chapter analyzes ergative case in the Burushaski language as a strictly structural case, not subject to arbitrary lexical variation. More specifically, ergative is a dependent case: an NP is ergative if and if it c-commands another NP in the same local domain (phase). Three apparent deviations from canonical ergativity are considered: verbs that take two absolutive arguments and no ergative, verbs that take an ergative NP and a dative NP but no absolutive, and clauses in future tense in which the transitive subject can be absolutive. In each instance, it turns out that the syntactic structure is more complex than it appears, as shown by independent tests such as agreement. Once the structures in question are properly understood, ergative case can be assigned purely structurally, with no direct sensitivity to semantic nuances or idiosyncratic lexical properties.
The Ergative in Warlpiri: A Case Study
Authors: Laughren Mary
Published: August 2017

The DP subject of a Warlpiri finite clause containing verbs of a certain class is marked with the ergative suffix whereas other DP subjects are morphologically unmarked. This chapter examines the wider distribution in Warlpiri of the ergative morpheme and the varied functions of ergative-marked DPs in both finite and non-finite clauses. Particular focus is on the relationship between the subject-marking and instrument adjunct-marking role of the ergative suffix. Unlike finite transitive clauses in which both an agent subject and an instrument adjunct are marked ergative, in non-finite clauses only one of these can be marked ergative: the instrument adjunct in clauses where the agent subject is realized either as phonologically null PRO or as a dative case-marked DP external to the verb phrase; the agent or instrument subject contained in the infinitival phrase embedded in a stative predicate whose external subject is co-referent with the logical object of the embedded verb.
Ergativity in Jê languages
Authors: Salanova Andres
Published: August 2017

Ergativity in Jê languages is generally associated to nominal or adjectival forms of the verb, strengthening the proposed link between nominalizations and ergativity (cf. Alexiadou 2001). Jê languages differ from some of the better-known languages with ergative nominalizations by the extent to which nominal forms of predicates are used in the former. In addition to being required in all contexts of subordination (i.e., finite subordination is virtually absent in the family), they are governed by a number of verbal modifiers, among which might be negation, manner predicates, and most aspectual auxiliaries. The present chapter explores this general pattern and describes in some detail the various modifiers that govern nominal forms of the verb, with particular attention to Mẽbengokre, a language from the northern branch of the family, spoken in the Brazilian Amazon. Cases of "insubordination" of nominal forms are also discussed.
Alignment and orientation in Kartvelian (South Caucasian)
Authors: Tuite Kevin
Published: August 2017

The small Kartvelian family is one of the three endemic language families of the Caucasus. The Kartvelian languages are double marking, with nominal case and two sets of person markers in the verb. Since the 17th century, linguists have attempted to accommodate the complexities of Georgian morphosyntax within the descriptive categories of their time, successively describing the language as nominative, (split) ergative, and active/inactive. In the present chapter, I will argue that its alignment can be most accurately described as split-intransitive, once the considerable number of monovalent dative-subject verbs are brought into consideration. Proto-Kartvelian would have had split-intransitive verb agreement, absolutively aligned verbal plurality marking, and incipient ergative-absolutive case assignment. Also discussed is the morphosyntactic orientation of the Kartvelian languages and dialects, that is, the distribution of morphological and syntactic privileges among the clausal arguments.
Prehistoric Light in the Air
Authors: Pásztor Emília
Published: August 2017

Depending on the geographical position of the observer, several atmospheric phenomena can be seen quite often in the sky. The visibility of the sun and the moon, and the phenomena generated by their light, might also have attracted the attention of peoples in Bronze Age Europe, as many artefacts decorated with celestial symbols (luxury items in particular) attest. I posit that the depiction of different atmospheric phenomena can be found among the abstract symbols that flooded most of Europe, especially the Scandinavian and Carpathian regions, in the second half of the Bronze Age (from c.1600 bce onwards). I further argue that various symbols generally considered as solar differ from each other, as they either represent the sun with various accompanying atmospheric phenomena or it is likely that some of them are actually lunar rather than solar symbols.
Eritrea
Authors: Luffin Xavier
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines the development of the novel in Eritrea. It begins with a discussion of literary languages used by Eritrean authors, including Tigrinya, Tigre, and Arabic. It then turns to Muḥammad Sa‘īd Nāwid, the author of the first Eritrean novel in Arabic, and other authors who focused on the independence war. It also explores novels that deal with new themes such as migration, politics and social issues, and genres such as the historical novel, along with works that include references to Arab culture and Islamic identity. Finally, it considers the fiction of female writer Ḥanān Muḥammad Ṣ
āliḥ.
Lebanon
Authors: Salem Elise
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses the development of the novelistic tradition in Lebanon. It first provides an overview of the complex relationship between the Lebanese novel and nation-state before considering works published prior to the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. It then examines novels that appeared during the war years (1975–1990), along with novels written either during or immediately after the war but set in the nineteenth or early twentieth century. It also looks at contemporary postwar novels that vary from realistic to fantastical, from epistolary to first-person narrative, and from fuṣ
ḥa to colloquial Arabic. The chapter describes the violence that characterizes the current period, citing as examples the slew of political assassinations and abductions, Israeli attacks, Hizballah takeovers, turmoil in the Palestinian camps, sectarian battles in Tripoli, and suicide car bombings, all reflected in the contemporary Lebanese novel.
Oman
Authors: Michalak-Pikulska Barbara , Hassan Waïl S.
Published: August 2017

This chapter traces the origins of the novelistic tradition in Oman. It first considers the history of prose writing in Oman, focusing on the undisputed pioneer of Omani fiction, ‘Abd Allah al-Ṭ
ā’ī (1927–1973). It then discusses the works of major contemporary novelists such as Sayf bin Sa‘īd al-Sa‘dī and Su‘ūd bin Sa‘d al-Muẓaffar. The chapter explores some of the themes used in the Omani novel, including social changes, the perceived loss of moral values, and the relationship between city and countryside. It also discusses the beginning of Omani women’s literature and the contributions of women authors such as Emily Ruete, Badriyya al-Shiḥ
ḥ
ī’s, Jūkha al-Ḥ
ārthī, and Ghāliya F. T. Āl Sa‘īd.
A Thousand and One Nights and the Novel
Authors: van Leeuwen Richard
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines the influence of Alf layla wa layla (A Thousand and One Nights), the ingenious Arabic cycle of stories, on the development of the novel as a literary genre. It shows that the Nights helped shape the European novel in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The chapter first explains how the French translation of the Nights and its popularity in Europe led to its incorporation in world literature, creating an enduring taste for “Orientalism” in many forms. It then considers how the Nights became integrated in modern Arabic literature and how Arabic novels inspired by it were used to criticize social conditions, dictatorial authority, and the lack of freedom of expression. It also discusses the Nights as a source of innovation for the trend of magical realism, as well as its role in the interaction between the Arab world and the West.
Technology in the Music Classroom in Kenya
Authors: Akuno Emily
Published: August 2017

The Kenyan music classroom is a tapestry of experiences, challenges and revelations that accommodate, support, and impact creativity. The curriculum allows for the application of a variety of resources for delivery, with facilities varying with the learning context. Technology has greatly influenced the evolution of music styles in the country, resulting in a rich and varied soundscape as the learning environment. This chapter addresses the issue of availability and use of technology in music learning, and its impact and possible ramifications on policy and curriculum planning. Field studies reveal varying degrees of availability and application of resources and articulate the role of technology in facilitating music experience, skill development, and knowledge transfer. The article recommends rethinking music learning and instruction, adoption of new teaching strategies, and conceptualization of creativity and the curriculum through technology.
Mobile Learning in Music Education
Authors: Chen Jason
Published: August 2017

To follow up the trends from an Asian perspective in globalization and technology provided by the Core Perspective, this section further discusses the recent development of mobile learning in music education and ICT in music education in Hong Kong. A detailed study of 120 teachers, including 60 in-service and 60 preservice music teachers’ concerns and expectations regarding mobile learning in the music curriculum, was conducted in 2014 and 2015, respectively, in Hong Kong. The top three concerns among teachers were equipment setup, technical support, and financial burden. The top three expectations are e-learning resources, interactive functions, and self-directed learning. This chapter proposes an ecology of ICT in music education as an “outside in-inside out” relationship, where cultural practices involving mobile learning can be brought into the school, enhanced at school, and then fed back into the digital world at large.
The Impact of Technologies on Society, Schools, and Music Learning
Authors: Peters Valerie
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines how music education can benefit from the use of new electronic tools and materials for music making that allow learners to combine their interests and prior understandings toward deepening their engagement in music. By exploring how rhythmic video games like Rock Band bridge the large chasm that exists between youths’ music culture and traditional music education; how inexpensive recording hardware and software such as Audacity and GarageBand have provided youth with opportunities to compose and perform as only professional musicians could in the past; and how software like Impromptu successfully engages youth in music composition and analysis by enabling users to create and remix tunes using virtual blocks that contain portions of melodies and rhythmic patterns, this chapter argues that twenty-first-century music education, with the help of new technology, has the potential for engaging greater numbers of young learners in authentic music making and performance.
Thinking and Talking about Change in Music Education
Authors: Mantie Roger
Published: August 2017

Employing the concepts of linguistic relativity and metaphor (after George Lakoff and Mark Johnson), this chapter considers how our thinking about technology and music education is conceptually driven. So long as terms such as “literacy” or “musicianship” and metaphors of virtuosity, talent, and expressiveness continue to drive our thinking, technology will continue to exist outside the human endeavor of music learning in our thinking. Change will only occur when we generate new ways of thinking and talking about what we do. Concepts such as technogenesis, pedagogical fundamentalism, mediatization, and passeur culturel offer intriguing possibilities for helping us to transcend received ways of thinking and talking about practices in music education.
Music Fluency
Authors: Freedman Barbara
Published: August 2017

This chapter argues that music teachers should focus less on having students become readers and writers of standard music notation (i.e., literacy) and more on teaching whatever music “language skills” will allow them to freely communicate their ideas in music—that is, to have them become fluent in the language of music. The chapter also demonstrates how, when using software to facilitate music creation teaching, the piano keyboard and various graphical visualizations of sound help to teach and understand chord progressions, accompaniment patterns, bass lines from chords, melody writing, and music theory in ways more meaningful than traditional instruction. Through the intelligent use of technology, students who have never played piano or studied another instrument suddenly create, of their own volition, music of increasing sophistication.
Music Technology in Ethnomusicology
Authors: Solis Gabriel
Published: August 2017

Ethnomusicology has often had an ambivalent relationship with technology: we owe our discipline to mid-twentieth-century developments in recording technology. Nevertheless there is a strong counter-modern streak that characterizes ethnomusicologists as a group. This essay investigates the reasons for ethnomusciologists’ mistrust of certain kinds of music technology and interprets ambivalence as a mode of critical engagement. It surveys turning points in the field from comparative musicology to the critical turn and from the critical turn to the new digital humanities. I conclude that digital humanities needs ethnomusicological ambivalence in the form of critical engagement. Good data analytics needs a skeptical view from the vantage point of music scholars and contextual knowledge-bearers in the cultures of study.
Narcissism, Romanticism, and Technology
Authors: Himonides Evangelos
Published: August 2017

This chapter rehearses the possibility of drawing parallels between trends in music education globally and known behaviors (or even conditions) such as romanticism and narcissism. The chapter attempts to view technology’s role under this novel “lens.” Finally, the chapter argues that technology is often viewed as a tool or sets of tools that are being used not particularly creatively in order to “enable,” “facilitate,” or “enhance” curricular aims and objectives that might have remained unchanged for over a century, a view that might be counterproductive. The chapter suggests that it is through technology that a new “music education” can be envisaged, celebrated, and experienced.
Pedagogical Decision-Making
Authors: Bledsoe Ryan
Published: August 2017

The implementation of technology may present challenges to music educators. These challenges include varying levels of teacher confidence with technology and aspects of creative processes such as student exploration; teacher conceptions of when music happens, risk, and failure; and school curricula. This chapter provides examples of these challenges from a music teacher’s perspective. One of the questions from my own practice is in what ways could students be makers, tinkerers, or engineers in the music classroom? I identify three principles that guide my own implementation of technology in a creativity-driven music classroom. These principles are not unique to teaching music with technology, and could underlie all music-making experiences for children.
Technology, Sound, and the Tuning of Place
Authors: Stauffer Sandra L.
Published: August 2017

Sound is fundamental to sense of place and the sense of who, where, and how one is in the world. From birth, humans tune in to sounds, tune out some sounds in favor of others, and, over time, consciously or unconsciously, use sound to tune place. Conversely, the sonic qualities of places, including music, tune human actions and interactions. Technologies of all kinds allow us to create, separate, reproduce, intensify, or cancel sound. These ways of manipulating sound are also a means of curating of space and therefore place-making gestures.
Defining and Acknowledging Music Education Technology in Music Teacher Training
Authors: Väkevä Lauri
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses music education technology from the standpoint of Finnish music teacher education. After briefly narrating the author’s history as a digital immigrant, the chapter describes the Finnish music education system and the varied functions technology has had in it. While music technology has been studied for decades in Finland, there has been a lack of pedagogical concentration on communication technology and the social aspects of music technology. It seems that, at least in Finland, we need a rethinking of how music education technology courses can widen music teachers’ visions. Music teacher training programs would seem to be natural habitats for experimenting with different expressive and creative aspects of digital technology. In conclusion, the chapter presents three suggestions on how to organize music education technology studies in Finnish music teacher education.
Faculty Development in and through the Use of Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Gonzales Patricia
Published: August 2017

Governmental and institutional policies in many countries currently encourage the use of technology at all educational levels. Postsecondary music education has not escaped from these demands, and faculty members are expected to fully embrace the use of technology to improve teaching and their professional practice. In Mexico, while universities have emphasized providing technological infrastructures and faculty development programs in and through the use of information and communication technology, this goal has not been fully met, particularly in music and music education programs. This chapter provides a general overview of the challenges that need to be overcome in order to fully embrace the technological era and the current professional and technological development needs of university professors. It also describes a technology-enhanced professional development program conceived so as to provide continuous learning opportunities in postsecondary music education that has resulted into an international partnership and the development of communities of practice.
Music Technology Pedagogy and Curricula
Authors: Williams David A.
Published: August 2017

Equipping in-service and preservice teachers with music technology skills is a matter for concern within the music education profession. There is, however, an even more important issue affecting the use of music technologies in schools. This has to do with the pedagogy we employ in our classrooms. Curricular possibilities employing learner-centered and informal learning pedagogies are explored in this chapter, and one particular model that relies heavily on student autonomy is detailed. This pedagogical approach shares much in common with how individuals make music in popular music settings outside schools.
Generating Intersections between Music and Technology
Authors: Hitchcock Matthew
Published: August 2017

This chapter, drawing on the author’s background as a professional performing musician, recording studio owner, record producer, recording engineer, software programmer, and music teacher in Australia, discusses the dichotomy between the ubiquity of music technology in the music world and technology’s relative paucity in the school curriculum. He goes on to discuss how music educators should remain aware of global music trends, specifically how the democratization of technology has decimated the barriers to making music resulting in greatly expanded opportunities for individuals to create and publish, contrasted however by the prevalence of copy-and-paste music making. Ultimately, the chapter presents a taxonomy (imitation, emulation, inspiration, origination) for understanding how technology can be deployed in musically generative ways.
Technology in the Music Classroom—Navigating through a Dense Forest The Case of Greece
Authors: Chrysostomu Smaragda
Published: August 2017

Our world today is dominated by ICT, and “digital literacy” skills are considered vital for educating the citizen of the future. In music and music education the use of technology has had a profound impact, offering freedom and opening new paths for creativity and musical explorations. But teachers are still reluctant and in most cases unprepared to bring into the classroom skills and technology applications that students are familiar with outside school that could revolutionize music teaching and learning. Greece, in much the same way as countries around the world, in the middle of a crippling economic crisis, is debating the extent and the quality of ICT integration in education. A number of initiatives and projects utilizing technology are available for primary and secondary music education, but in the end, as is evident from this snapshot, it depends on the music teacher to take advantage of technology’s transformative powers.
School as a Positive Learning and Working Environment
Authors: Harzer Claudia , Weber Marco , Huebner E. Scott
Published: August 2017

This chapter describes school as both a crucial learning environment for students and a crucial working environment for teachers. Schools where both students and teachers flourish are defined as positive schools. Using the theoretical framework of the “engine model of well-being” that focuses on inputs, processes, and outcomes of human well-being, flourishing students and teachers are described as individuals who, for example, experience positive emotions, are engaged in schooling, and demonstrate positive accomplishments (Jayawickreme, Forgeard, & Seligman, 2012; Seligman, 2011). Research findings on the relations between, for example, input variables and process variables of students, or process variables and outcome variables of teachers, are summarized, showing the complex interplay between teachers’ and students’ well-being. Furthermore, examples of formal programs designed to foster well-being are presented and discussed with respect to the engine model. Finally, concluding remarks are given, and future directions for research are discussed.
Slaves as Active Subjects
Authors: Hunt Peter
Published: August 2017

This chapter considers the strategies that ancient Greek and Roman slaves adopted in response to the conditions of their enslavement. Some of these involved collaboration with their masters, since slaves could ease their oppression most easily and predictably through compliance and hard work and masters relied on systems of rewards and punishment to control their slaves. Such collaborative strategies were common, but the interests of slaves and masters were hardly congruent. So some slaves acted contrary to their masters’ interests: stealing food, avoiding work or doing it slowly, and asserting themselves to the greatest extent possible. Other slaves gained their freedom by running away rather than by working diligently towards manumission. Of course, these contrary strategies cannot be understood without considering the countermeasures available to masters, whose resources and power were far superior to those of slaves. Finally, some strategies depended on the involvement of people outside the slave–master dyad.
An Open-Source, Programmable Pneumatic Setup for Operation and Automated Control of Single- and Multi-Layer Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Brower Kara , Puccinelli Robert , Markin Craig J. , Shimko Tyler C. , Longwell Scott A. , Cruz Bianca , Gomez-Sjoberg Rafael , Fordyce Polly M.
Published: August 2017

Microfluidic technologies have been used across diverse disciplines (e.g.high-throughput biological measurement, fluid physics, laboratory fluid manipulation) but widespread adoption has been limited due to the lack of openly disseminated resources that enable non-specialist labs to make and operate their own devices. Here, we report the open-source build of a pneumatic setup capable of operating both single and multilayer (Quake-style) microfluidic devices with programmable scripting automation. This setup can operate both simple and complex devices with 48 device valve control inputs and 18 sample inputs, with modular design for easy expansion, at a fraction of the cost of similar commercial solutions. We present a detailed step-by-step guide to building the pneumatic instrumentation, as well as instructions for custom device operation using our software, Geppetto, through an easy-to-use GUI for live on-chip valve actuation and a scripting system for experiment automation. We show robust valve actuation with near real-time software feedback and demonstrate use of the setup for high-throughput biochemical measurements on-chip. This open-source setup will enable specialists and novices alike to run microfluidic devices easily in their own laboratories.

Specifications table
Intraocular pressure elevation precedes a phagocytosis decline in a model of pigmentary glaucoma
Authors: Dang Yalong , Waxman Susannah , Wang Chao , Loewen Ralitsa T. , Loewen Nils A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Outflow regulation and phagocytosis are key functions of the trabecular meshwork (TM), but it is not clear how the two are related in secondary open angle glaucomas characterized by an increased particle load. We hypothesized that diminished TM phagocytosis is not the primary cause of early ocular hypertension and recreated pigment dispersion in a porcine ex vivo model.

Materials and Methods

Sixteen porcine anterior chamber cultures received a continuous infusion of pigment granules (P), while 16 additional anterior chambers served as controls (C). Pressure transducers recorded the intraocular pressure (IOP). The phagocytic capacity of the trabecular meshwork was determined by fluorescent microspheres.

Results

The baseline IOPs in P and C were similar (P=0.82). A significant IOP elevation occurred in P at 48, 120, and 180 hours (allP<0.01, compared to baseline). The pigment did not cause a reduction in TM phagocytosis at 48 hours, when the earliest IOP elevation occurred, but at 120 hours onward (P=0.001 compared to C). This reduction did not result in an additional IOP increase at 120 or 180 hours compared to the first IOP elevation at 48 hours (P>0.05).

Conclusion

In this porcine model of pigmentary glaucoma, an IOP elevation occurs much earlier than when phagocytosis fails, suggesting that two separate mechanisms might be at work.
A bipyridine-ligated zinc(II) complex with bridging flavonolate ligation: synthesis, characterization, and visible-light-induced CO release reactivity
Authors: Sorenson Shayne , Popova Marina , Arif Atta M. , Berreau Lisa M.
Published: August 2017

Metal–flavonolate compounds are of significant current interest as synthetic models for quercetinase enzymes and as bioactive compounds of importance to human health. Zinc–3-hydroxyflavonolate compounds, including those of quercetin, kampferol, and morin, generally exhibit bidentate coordination to a single ZnII center. The bipyridine-ligated zinc–flavonolate compound reported herein, namely bis(μ-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-3-olato)-κ3
O
3:O
3,O
4;κ3
O
3,O
4:O
3-bis[(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)zinc(II)] bis(perchlorate), {[Zn2(C15H9O3)2(C10H8N2)2](ClO4)2}
n
, (1), provides an unusual example of bridging 3-hydroxyflavonolate ligation in a dinuclear metal complex. The symmetry-related ZnII centers of (1) exhibit a distorted octahedral geometry, with weak coordination of a perchlorate anion trans to the bridging deprotonated O atom of the flavonolate ligand. Variable-concentration conductivity measurements provide evidence that, when (1) is dissolved in CH3CN, the complex dissociates into monomers. 1H NMR resonances for (1) dissolved in d
6-DMSO were assigned via HMQC to the H atoms of the flavonolate and bipyridine ligands. In CH3CN, (1) undergoes quantitative visible-light-induced CO release with a quantum yield [0.004 (1)] similar to that exhibited by other mononuclear zinc–3-hydroxyflavonolate complexes. Mass spectroscopic identification of the [(bpy)2Zn(O-benzoylsalicylate)]+ ion provides evidence of CO release from the flavonol and of ligand exchange at the ZnII center.
3-(Pyridin-4-yl)acetylacetone: CdII and HgII compete for nitrogen coordination
Authors: Truong Khai-Nghi , Merkens Carina , Englert Ulli
Published: August 2017

3-(Pyridin-4-yl)acetylacetone (HacacPy) acts as a pyridine-type ligand towards CdII and HgII halides. With CdBr2, the one-dimensional polymer [Cd(μ-Br)2(HacacPy)Cd(μ-Br)2(HacacPy)2]∞ is obtained in which five- and six-coordinated CdII cations alternate in the chain direction. Reaction of HacacPy with HgBr2 results in [Hg(μ-Br)Br(HacacPy)]∞, a polymer in which each HgII centre is tetracoordinated. In both compounds, each metal(II) cation is N-coordinated by at least one HacacPy ligand. Equimolar reaction between these CdII and HgII derivatives, either conducted in ethanol as solvent or via grinding in the solid state, leads to ligand redistribution and the formation of the well-ordered bimetallic polymer catena-poly[[bromidomercury(II)]-μ-bromido-[aquabis[4-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-4-yl)pent-3-en-2-one]cadmium(II)]-di-μ-bromido], [CdHgBr4(C10H11NO2)2(H2O)]
n
or [{HgBr}(μ-Br){(HacacPy)2Cd(H2O)}(μ-Br)2]∞. HgII and CdII cations alternate in the [100] direction. The HacacPy ligands do not bind to the HgII cations, which are tetracoordinated by three bridging and one terminal bromide ligand. The CdII centres adopt an only slightly distorted octahedral coordination. Three bromide ligands link them in a (2 + 1) pattern to neighbouring HgII atoms; two HacacPy ligands in a cis configuration, acting as N-atom donors, and a terminal aqua ligand complete the coordination sphere. Classical O—H...Br hydrogen bonds stabilize the polymeric chain. O—H...O hydrogen bonds between aqua H atoms and the uncoordinated carbonyl group of an HacacPy ligand in a neighbouring strand in the c direction link the chains into layers in the (010) plane.
A fluorophore-labelled copper complex: crystal structure, hybrid cyclic water–perchlorate cluster and biological properties
Authors: Bhat Satish S. , Revankar Vidyanand K. , Shivalingegowda Naveen , Lokanath N. K.
Published: August 2017

A fluorophore-labelled copper(II) complex, aquabis(dimethylformamide-κO)(perchlorato-κO)[2-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline]copper(II) perchlorate monohydrate, [Cu(ClO4)(C22H12N4O)(C3H7NO)2(H2O)]ClO4·H2O, has been synthesized and characterized. A cyclic hydrogen-bonded water–perchlorate anionic cluster,i.e.[(ClO4)2(H2O)2]2−, has been identified within the structure. Each cyclic anionic cluster unit is interconnected by hydrogen bonding to the cation. The cations join into an infinite hydrogen-bonded chain running in the [010] direction. Furthermore, interaction of the complex with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and cellular localization within the cells was explored. Spectroscopic studies indicate that the compound has a good affinity for DNA and stains the nucleus of the cells.
Role of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in the relationship between violent daydreaming and suicidal ideation in two adult samples
Authors: Chu Carol , Rogers Megan L. , Gai Anna R. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Despite evidence that violent daydreaming is a correlate of suicidal ideation, no research has examined the mechanisms underlying this association. The interpersonal theory of suicide may provide insight. This theory postulates that individuals with high suicidal desire experience intractable feelings of perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). Violent daydreaming may fuel negative attitudes toward others and oneself and turn attention away from loved ones, thereby increasing feelings that one is a burden on others (PB) and socially disconnected (TB). However, no studies have tested TB and PB as explanatory mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between violent daydreaming, PB, TB, suicidal ideation, and depression in two samples (n=818).

Design/methodology/approach

Study 1 was comprised of general undergraduates, and Study 2 selected for undergraduates with a history of ideation. Self-report measures were administered and indirect effects analyses were conducted.

Findings

In both studies, violent daydreaming was associated with increased feelings of PB, TB, and ideation severity. Consistent with the interpersonal theory, TB and PB were significant parallel mediators of the relationship between violent daydreaming and suicidal ideation, beyond sex and age. In contrast to Study 1, results were no longer significant in Study 2 after accounting for depression.

Originality/value

This was the first study to test TB and PB as mechanisms underlying the relationship between violent daydreaming and suicide risk. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring and addressing violent daydreams and interpersonal functioning throughout treatment to mitigate risk.
Microplastics alter composition of fungal communities in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Kettner Marie Therese , Rojas‐Jimenez Keilor , Oberbeckmann Sonja , Labrenz Matthias , Grossart Hans‐Peter
Published: August 2017

Despite increasing concerns about microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic ecosystems, there is insufficient knowledge on how MP affect fungal communities. In this study, we explored the diversity and community composition of fungi attached to polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) particles incubated in different aquatic systems in north‐east Germany: the Baltic Sea, the River Warnow and a wastewater treatment plant. Based on next generation 18S rRNA gene sequencing, 347 different operational taxonomic units assigned to 81 fungal taxa were identified on PE and PS. The MP‐associated communities were distinct from fungal communities in the surrounding water and on the natural substrate wood. They also differed significantly among sampling locations, pointing towards a substrate and location specific fungal colonization. Members of Chytridiomycota, Cryptomycota and Ascomycota dominated the fungal assemblages, suggesting that both parasitic and saprophytic fungi thrive in MP biofilms. Thus, considering the worldwide increasing accumulation of plastic particles as well as the substantial vector potential of MP, especially these fungal taxa might benefit from MP pollution in the aquatic environment with yet unknown impacts on their worldwide distribution, as well as biodiversity and food web dynamics at large.
‘If I was King of India I would Get All the Horns Out of Cars’: A Qualitative Study of Sound in Delhi
Authors: Patsarika Maria , Schneider Tatjana , Edwards Michael
Published: August 2017

In this article we present an experimental sonic space—the mobile noise abatement pod (mNAP)—constructed and used over a two‐week period in Delhi, India, during December 2014. The interdisciplinary project, involving a composer, designer, carpenter, development scholar, filmmaker, graphic designer and sociologist, sought to investigate how noise, including honking (one of the most prevalent sounds in Indian cities), is perceived. The fieldwork reveals noise to be a complex contextual, spatial and personal experience that is as much about habit as it is about identity and class, intimately related to economic inequality and inherently connected to social justice. The article suggests that attempts to reduce levels of noise need to take into account its meaning and position—by whom and how narratives of noise reduction are constructed and reproduced.
Food Deserts and Real‐Estate‐Led Social Policy
Authors: Wolf‐Powers Laura
Published: August 2017

Since the early 2000s in the United States, food deserts—neighborhoods in which households have limited geographic access to full‐service supermarkets or grocery stores— have become conceptually central in public policy research on food security. Analyzing this phenomenon from a ‘policy mobility’ perspective, this article traces the food desert's emergence in policy discourse, locating it within an entrepreneurial social policy paradigm that privileges real estate development over direct economic relief. In the context of property‐led anti‐poverty efforts, the identification and mapping of food deserts catalyzes a logic that leads to subsidy to grocery store development in low‐income areas (or ‘fresh food financing’), while at the same time officials are cutting programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps), which directly supplements household food budgets. The article contributes to widening critical discussion of the food desert paradigm and the policy interventions with which it is associated. It calls on urban researchers and practitioners to reframe discussions of food access and nutrition around the shortage of basic income and a need for higher wage floors.
Bioelectricity (electromicrobiology) and sustainability
Authors: Nealson Kenneth H.
Published: August 2017

Electromicrobiology is the domain of those prokaryotes able to interact with charged electrodes, using them as electron donors and/or electron acceptors. This is performed via a process called extracellular electron transport, in which outer membrane cytochromes are used to oxidize and/or reduce otherwise unavailable insoluble electron acceptors. EET‐capable bacteria can thus be used for a variety of purposes, ranging from small power sources, water reclamation, to pollution remediation and electrosynthesis. Because the study of EET‐capable bacteria is in its nascent phase, the applications are mostly in developmental stages, but the potential for significant contributions to environmental quality is high and moving forward.
Vagus nerve schwannoma in the right upper mediastinum
Authors: Zhu WeiPeng , Chen DongHong
Published: August 2017

A 35‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on her chest roentgenogram. Computed tomography showed that a tumor was located in the right upper mediastinum. Resection of the tumor by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed. Operative findings determined that the tumor originated from the right vagus nerve and was diagnosed as schwannoma by pathological examination.
The Greatest Generation: Apropos of Sidney Mintz
Authors: PALERM JUAN VICENTE
Published: August 2017

Sidney Mintz's passing on December 27, 2015, obliges us to recall and acknowledge the outstanding cohort of anthropologists who studied alongside him at Columbia University in the years immediately following World War II. Together, they transformed the discipline. They include, among other luminaries, Stanley Diamond, Morton Fried, Marvin Harris, Marshall Sahlins, Elman Service, and Eric Wolf. Armed with new research questions and theoretical interests, they freed anthropology from its Boasian moorings and pushed it in new and exciting directions. The cohort's collective and individual anthropological oeuvre from the 1950s to the 1980s reconfigured the practice of anthropology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. [history of anthropology, Columbia University, Marxism, modes of production, capitalism, world‐systems, Sidney Mintz]

El reciente fallecimiento de Sidney Mintz (27 diciembre de 2015) suscita recordar y reconocer a ese grupo extraordinario de antropólogos que estudió con él en la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Juntos transformaron la disciplina. Entre otros ilustrados se encuentran Stanley Diamond, Morton Fried, Marvin Harris, Marshall Sahlins, Elman Service y Eric Wolf. Armados con nuevas preguntas de investigación e inquietudes teóricas, libraron a la antropología de su arraigo boasiano y la impulsaron hacia nuevos y más interesantes horizontes. Su obra colectiva e individual, producida entre las décadas de los 50 a los 80, reconfiguró la práctica antropológica durante el siglo veinte y principios del vigésimo primero. [historia de la antropología, Universidad de Columbia, marxismo, modos de producción, capitalismo, sistema mundial, Sidney Mintz]
Caribbean free villages: Toward an anthropology of blackness, place, and freedom
Authors: SLOCUM KARLA
Published: August 2017

In the 1950s, Sidney Mintz carried out a short study of Caribbean settlements known as free villages. These communities were designed by Baptists as postemancipation social and economic living spaces for formerly enslaved Afro‐descendant peoples. Mintz was ultimately interested in establishing a village typology, describing how the church shaped villagers’ social and moral lives and gauging the communities’ capacity as a site of Afro‐Caribbean peasant resistance to plantations. This work influenced later studies of creolization, land, and the peasantry in free villages, as well as inquiries into the contemporary political‐economic and historical context of Afro‐Caribbean villages generally. Mintz's analysis can also be helpful for thinking through questions about social processes of rural place‐making and investments in freedom among people of African descent. [peasantries,land,place,community,freedom,Sidney Mintz,Caribbean]
Keeping God's distance: Sacrifice, possession, and the problem of religious mediation
Authors: ROBBINS JOEL
Published: August 2017

Much contemporary work in the anthropology of religion explores how human experience of the divine is mediated. One question rarely asked, however, is why people distance the divine from themselves in the first place, such that complex practices of mediation are necessary to make it present. An answer to this question is provided by Henri Hubert and Marcel Mauss in their book Sacrifice, which I read as a key precursor to current work on religious mediation. Hubert and Mauss focus on how religious mediations model and shape social mediations. I demonstrate the usefulness of an approach to mediation that draws on their work by examining a shift from sacrifice to possession as forms of mediation among Pentecostal converts in Papua New Guinea. I also show that this approach can help us further develop broader anthropological theories of mediation and social life. [religion, mediation, sacrifice, possession, Pentecostalism, Papua New Guinea]

Planti ol saveman husat i stadi ol kainkain lotu, ol i tok olsem: long olgeta kain lotu ol bilipman i save ting ol god na tewel samting i stap longwe liklik. Tasol dispela lain saveman ol i no save askim: bilong wanem ol god save stap longwe na ol bilipman i mas hatwok long i stap klostu na toktok wantaim ol god? Long tingting bilong mi, wanpela buk bilong Henri Hubert na Marcel Mauss, ol i kolim Sacrifice, em inap long helpim yumi bekim dispela askim. Hubert na Mauss tok olsem, wei bilong wokim koneksen wantaim god, em i save sanap olsem wanpela piksa i soim wei bilong wokim koneksen namel long ol manmeri. Sapos yumi bihainim dispela tingting bilong Hubert na Mauss, dispela em inap long helpim yumi kisim save long wei bilong lotu bilong ol Pentekostal, na long wanem as planti ol i save lusim wok bilong givim ol ofa i go long god na ol i save go insait long wok bilong kisim spirit (ol i kolim ‘possession’ taim spirit i kisim ol). Na tu, mi ting olsem dispela luksave long koneksen wantaim ol god samtink inap em helpim yumi tingting gut long ol kainkain koneksen i stap namel long ol manmeri. [ol kainkain lotu, koneksen wantaim god, wok bilong givim ol ofa i go long god, wok bilong kisim spirit, ol Pentekostal Kristen, Papua Niugini]
Beyond cultural intimacy: The tensions that make truth for India's Ahmadi Muslims
Authors: EVANS NICHOLAS H. A.
Published: August 2017

How should anthropologists write about the public self‐presentation of minority groups? In the Indian town of Qadian, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community—a marginal group with a long history of persecution in South Asia—uses visual media to counter hostility and produce images of its members as exemplary Muslims. That such images are artificially produced is an intimate secret shared by the town's residents. Understanding this secret without undermining the political struggle that Ahmadi Muslims are engaged in means moving beyond the idea that truth must be located in either the everyday or the public. For Ahmadis in Qadian, the disjuncture between these realms is a space of possibility that reveals truth. [cultural intimacy, visual media, exemplarity, self‐representation, Ahmadiyya, Islam, India]
Social impact without social justice: Film and politics in the neoliberal landscape
Authors: ORTNER SHERRY B.
Published: August 2017

Many filmmakers and producers hope to create some kind of social or political impact with their films. This is the case with a Los Angeles–based production company that seeks to bring about social change through its films and related “social action” campaigns. Despite its good intentions, however, its efforts often fail. In this respect, the company resembles other kinds of entities that seek to “do good,” such as development NGOs, humanitarian organizations, and philanthropic foundations, which anthropologists have critiqued. The problem of social enterprises like this one is exacerbated under various conditions of the world reordered under neoliberalism. [social impact, social justice, social enterprise, film, politics, neoliberalism, United States]