bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and semantic characteristics of idioms in English sports discourse (based on rugby match reports)
Authors: Kandrashkina Oksana Olegovna
Published: September 2024

The aim of the research is to determine the structural and semantic peculiarities of idioms in modern English online sports discourse. The work is novel in that it is the first to identify the types of idioms in rugby match reports and to classify the main sematic fields they refer to. The paper considers the semantic peculiarities of idiomatic expressions and their role in the implementation of the main functions of a match report, i.e., the information function and the influencing function. The analysis allows the researcher to examine the communicative-pragmatic goals of using set expressions in sports discourse, as well as to determine the main types of idioms according to A. V. Kunin’s classification. It is revealed that the idioms types are represented by nominative and nominative-communicative. As a result, it has been found that the idioms can be grouped into the following semantic fields: “Success”, “Difficulty”, “Struggle”, “Support”. The majority of the idioms belong to the semantic fields “Advantage”, “Achievement”, “Leadership”. The research findings have shown that idioms in match reports help the authors to convey a dynamic sports event in an expressive and emotional way and to fulfill the function of influencing the reader.
Artistic features of couplets in the works of Chuvash poets
Authors: Sofronova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: September 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the features of the couplet genre in Chuvash poetry, influenced by Eastern classics and the use of folklore traditions. The spread of this genre became possible due to the existence of traditions of small genres in folklore, the influence of translations of relevant examples, and interest in the traditions of Eastern literatures. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first to consider couplets by Chuvash poets as a separate, independent genre. The article analyzes couplets by V. Turat (1913-1978), B. Borlen (1934-2013), V. Endip (1937-2017), Yu. Aidash (1938-2014), S. Azamat (1952), and others. The brevity of the form requires concentration of thought and expressive means. The poets create couplets based on antitheses, use homonyms for rhyme, their poems resemble extended metaphors. The small size allows for writing concise and ironic poems on topical issues, addressing current problems of the time. As a result of the research, it has been found that the poets create couplets based on the traditions of Chuvash proverbs, express deep thoughts about life, and rely on the features of their native language. Chuvash couplets exhibit typological similarities with the Eastern bayt, which manifest in the use of homonyms, cyclical structure, and the construction of the composition based on antitheses. The couplets that correspond to the traditions of the Russian, European elegy, and epigram have received less distribution in Chuvash poetry.
Contemporary German political cartoons (based on the cartoons by Klaus Stuttmann)
Authors: Guz Maria Nikolaevna , Pigina Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study is to identify the linguostylistic features of creating a comic effect in modern German political cartoons. The paper examines political cartoons by Klaus Stuttmann. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the linguistic and cultural analysis of the verbal and nonverbal components of political cartoons by one of the most famous contemporary German cartoonists, Klaus Stuttmann, a winner of numerous awards. Based on the analysis of Stuttmann’s cartoons from 2022-2024, it has been found that cartoons are polycode texts in which the combination of verbal and nonverbal components creates a comic effect as a specific reaction of the cartoonist to current political events. The authors propose a division of political cartoons into informational and analytical types. As a result, the characteristic features of informational and analytical types of cartoons have been identified and described. Various ways of representing prototypes and identifying cartoon characters have been revealed, as well as mechanisms for creating a comic effect based on the combination of verbal and nonverbal components.
ГЕНЕТИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ КРИСТАЛОМОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТОПАЗУ
Authors: Вовк Олександр , Наумко Ігор
Published: August 2024

Обґрунтовано потребу застосування на сучасному етапі кристаломорфології не лише для діагностики мінералів, але й головно для розшифровки умов їхнього утворення, адже, з огляду на трудомісткість та невелику кількість фахівців, гоніометричні дослідження часто ігноруються. Водночас до відчутної переваги гоніометрії порівняно з іншими методами дослідження мінеральної речовини належить можливість ідентифікувати мінерал без руйнування його кристалів. Завдяки цьому гоніометричні дослідження повинні проводитися першочергово, однак методика досліджень кристаломорфології, яка в комплексі з іншими методами становить основу кристалогенезису, на цей час описана недостатньо. На основі власних досліджень і узагальнення літературних даних нами розроблено комплексну методику кристалогенетичних досліджень на прикладі топазу з камерних пегматитів Коростенського плутону. З одного боку, завдяки кристаломорфологічним дослідженням виявлено найважливіші прості форми топазу з різних просторово-генетичних мінерально-структурних зон камерних пегматитів. На основі статистичних даних проведено кластеризацію багатогранників топазу з камер (заноришів), до яких приурочена основна кількість топазу. Завдяки аналізу кристалічної структури виявлено прості форми, які будуть формуватися за будь-яких умов і не нестимуть генетичної інформації. За габітусом реальних кристалів виявлено симетрію середовища, у якому вони утворилися, а в окремих випадках з’ясовано напрямки потоків мінералоутворювальних флюїдів. Ці результати отримано зі збереженням цілості багатогранників топазу. З іншого боку, для повноти результатів потрібно розглянути анатомію кристалів, а також визначити умови їхнього утворення: температуру, рН, тиск. Для цього запропоновано застосування методів дослідження включень мінералоутворювального середовища.
Peran Guru Akidah Akhlak Dalam Penguatan Moderasi Beragama Siswa di MTs Swasta Nurul Yaqin Tondano
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Ilham Abrari , Pombaile Nurul Masita
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari pengamatan penulis di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Nurul Yaqin Tondano terkait dengan peran guru Akidah Ahklah dalam penguatan moderasi beragama di MTs Nurul Yaqin Tondano. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran guru Akidah Ahklah dalam penguatan moderasi beragama di MTs Nurul Yaqin Tondano.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan untuk memperoleh primer dan sekunder di lapangan. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan: (1) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Peran Guru Akidah Akhlak Dalam Penguatan Moderasi Beragama Siswa Di MTsS Nurul Yaqin Tondano yaitu melalui pembelajaran dalam kelas. Adapun peran yang dilakukan yaitu: Guru sebagai Conservator, Guru sebagai Innovator, Guru sebagai Transmiter, Guru sebagai Organizer. Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama Yang di Kuatkan Guru Akidah Akhlak Di MTsS Nurul Yaqin Tondano antara lain: Nilai Tasamuh atau (Toleransi), Nilai Tawazun (Keseimbangan Nilai I’tidal (Adil). Kata kunci: Peran Guru, Moderasi Beragama, Akidah Akhlak
Sensory Analysis and Panelist Assessment on Paired of French Fries and Chili Sauce
Authors: Puspitasari Armina Meikyo , Nurtama Budi , Hunaefi Dase
Published: August 2024

Food pairing was the process of combining food or food and beverages to produce sensory characteristics. The consumption of snacks with commercial chili sauce as a supplement was widespread among consumers. Research on food pairing of commercial chili sauce with French fries was limited. The research aimed to describe and understand the sensory profile of chili sauce with its accompanying foods and identify changes in sensory attribute intensity when chili sauce was paired based on consumer perception. The methods used were Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Rate All That Apply. The main ingredients were four commercial chili sauces and three commercial French fries. The sensory characteristics of chili sauce and French fries pairs were evaluated using QDA with trained panelists and RATA with consumer panelists. The results from the QDA method showed dominant characteristics such as potato flavor, crunchy texture, oily mouthfeel, sweet taste, and sour taste. According to PCA and spider web in QDA, it can be observed that the sample pairs with the highest intensity were sample pairs 47 and 87. Based on the RATA test results, According to PCA and spider web in RATA, it can be observed that the sample pair with the highest intensity was sample pair 65.
Strategi Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengingat siswa kelas 8 di MTs Darul Hidayah Batununggal
Authors: Irapani Soptiani  , Mubarok Agni Garib , Rahmah Syifa Fatur , Arif Permana
Published: September 2024

Dalam proses pembelajaran, kemampuan mengingat merupakan hal yang penting bagi siswa. Kesulitan mengingat dan lupa sering dialami oleh siswa selama proses kegiatan belajar mengajar dikelas. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui strategi yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa khususnya siswa kelas 8 MTs. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, Dimana penelitian kualitatif sebagai metode ilmiah sering digunakan dan dilaksanakan oleh sekelompok peneliti. Pada penelitian ini peneliti membuat suatu gambaran kompleks, meneliti kata-kata, laporan terinci dari pandangan responden dan melakukan studi pada situasi yang alami. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa strategi yang dapat diterapkan di sekolah itu diantaranya menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif, menerapkan Teknik belajar yang efektif, mendorong siswa untuk aktif belajar, dan membiasakan literasi sebelum maupun sesudah pembelajaran.
Integrasi Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) untuk Membentuk Karakter Toleran
Authors: Lindayani Arnila , Ahmad Faturrohman Asep , Helmawati Helmawati
Published: September 2024

Islamic religious education is education that is more directed at improving mental attitudes that are manifested in deeds, both for the needs of oneself and others, both theoretical and practical. This study aims to describe or explain the integration of multicultural education in Islamic religious education (PAI) learning to form a tolerant character at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung with a research focus: 1) What are the forms of integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung? ; 2) How is the implementation of the integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung?; 3) What is the impact of the integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education in forming tolerance at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung?. This research method uses a qualitative type with a descriptive approach. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The conclusions of this study are: 1) The form of integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung there are six forms of integrated multicultural values in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung, the six forms of values are inclusive values, humanist values, values of tolerance, values of mutual assistance, democracy and ukhuwah. 2) The implementation of the integration of multicultural education in learning Islamic religious education at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung is carried out in learning planning, learning implementation, learning evaluation. 3) The impact of multicultural education in Islamic religious learning (PAI) in forming a tolerant character at SDN 037 Sabang Bandung, including: a) Creating a comfortable and conducive learning atmosphere; b) School activities run smoothly and have a high tolerance; c) The realization of religious harmony and harmony in diversity; d) Avoiding conflicts and divisions; e) The creation of a culture of mutual respect, respect and acceptance of differences.
Pembinaan Akhlaq Mulia Melalui Baca Tulis Al-Qur'an Untuk Mewujudkan Siswa yang Berkarakter di SMP Islam Terpadu Al-Madinah Tahun Pelajaran 2020-2021
Authors: Rohmah Neng , Sauri Sofyan , Sukandar Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Education and moral development for students is very important so that they have noble character and are trained to like goodness so that good deeds will easily be born from it. In the letter Q.S. al-Hasyr/59 Allah SWT ordered to always follow in the footsteps of the Prophet Muhammad. Philosophically, this research is based on the theory developed by Skinner, especially related to behavior (behavior) which is considered relatively applicable in the formation of behavior. Moral development is the first focus of attention in Islam. This is in accordance with the morality of the Prophet Muhammad SAW to perfect noble character. This study aims to 1) want to know the implementation of noble character development through reading and writing the Qur'an to create students with character. 2) want to know the evaluation of noble character development through reading and writing the Qur'an to create students with character. 3) want to know the factors supporting and inhibiting the development of noble character through reading and writing the Qur'an to create students with character. The method of this research approach is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques are by using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis uses the collection of: 1) data (Data Collection), 2) data reduction (Data Reduction), 3) data display, verification and Confirmation of Conclusions (Conclusion Drawing and Verification). The results showed that: 1). a) The results showed that the learning planning carried out by the PAI teachers which consisted of the application of schedules, methods, mastery of materials and preparation of learning equipment in class VIII of SMP Islam Terpadu Al-Madinah had been carried out smoothly. 2) the implementation of noble character development in class VIII of the Integrated Islamic Junior High School Al-Madinah for the 2020-2021 academic year has been carried out well. The teacher has accustomed students to carry out reading and writing activities of the Koran well, 3). The evaluation used by PAI teachers, namely the evaluation of the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) model is one of several existing evaluation models such as the formative-summative model evaluation, 4). The constraint factor is from parents who do not pay attention to students when students are at home, and the lack of facilities in the form of a mosque that is not wide enough so that it is crammed into the mosque and students do not focus on learning to read and write the Koran. the solution is that teachers and parents work together in educating students, and schools provide a comfortable place in learning to read and write the Qur'an by expanding the mosque.
Implementasi Standar Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru dan Staf Administrasi di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Shobah Lilis Nur
Published: September 2024

Pendidikan membentuk potensi menjadi kompetensi, berfungsi sebagai perjalanan kreatif menuju penemuan jati diri. Di antara tantangan yang dihadapi Kepala Madrasah, kualitas guru menjadi prioritas utama. Sebagai pemimpin pendidikan, Kepala Madrasah bertanggung jawab memastikan pelaksanaan kurikulum, pemanfaatan sumber daya, rekrutmen siswa, kolaborasi dengan orang tua, dan pencapaian hasil yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Standar Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan di MA Al Munir Baginda, Sumedang, sesuai dengan Permendiknas No. 19 Tahun 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai: 1) Tujuan; 2) Implementasi standar; 3) Evaluasi; dan 4) Faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang memengaruhi kinerja guru dan staf administrasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi standar melibatkan pengembangan, motivasi, dan penyelarasan dengan tujuan organisasi, dengan pengembangan profesional yang berkelanjutan sesuai peran. Evaluasi menyeluruh mencakup semua aspek manajemen pendidikan, termasuk teknis, keuangan, dan administrasi. Faktor pendukung meliputi banyaknya guru bergelar sarjana, pengembangan profesional wajib, dan lingkungan yang mendukung, sedangkan tantangan meliputi ketidaksesuaian keahlian guru, siswa dari latar belakang ekonomi rendah, dan berkurangnya waktu pengajaran karena pelatihan eksternal.
Kolaborasi Antara Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Pembentukan Akhlakul Karimah: Studi di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Huda dan At-Taqwa
Authors: Naufal Nazmuddin  , Sutarjo Sutarjo , Awaludin Sidik  , Rahmi Rahmi
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, tantangan, dan solusi dalam membina kerja sama antara guru dan orang tua untuk membina akhlak terpuji (akhlakul karimah) di kalangan siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Huda dan At-Taqwa di Kota Bandung Barat. Pendekatan dan metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya membangun kerjasama antara guru dan orang tua dalam membina akhlak terpuji siswa meliputi lima hal utama: (1) Merencanakan kerja sama melalui komunikasi awal antara pihak madrasah dan orang tua; (2) Melaksanakan kerja sama melalui pemantauan terus menerus dan kegiatan pendidikan yang sedang berlangsung di madrasah dan di rumah; (3) Mengevaluasi kerja sama secara teratur, baik di akhir semester maupun selama semester; (4) Mengidentifikasi tantangan dalam kerja sama, terutama yang berkaitan dengan keterbatasan waktu, kesenjangan ekonomi, dan ketidakpedulian orang tua; dan (5) Mengembangkan solusi yang menekankan pada komunikasi yang intensif antara madrasah dan orang tua. Studi ini menyoroti peran penting komunikasi yang efektif dan kolaborasi berkelanjutan antara guru dan orang tua dalam mengatasi tantangan dan memastikan keberhasilan perkembangan moral siswa.
Merancang Inovasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Digital Pada Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Naufal Nazmuddin  , Indra Iskandar  , Iman Kostaman  , Enung Herawati
Published: September 2024

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah menghadirkan suatu era di mana ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan informasi tidak bisa dilepaskan dari pendidikan. Kenyataan ini membuat perguruan tinggi Islam, harus bisa menerapkan praktik pengelolaan pembelajaran dengan baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka. Penelitian ini dalam analisanya menemukan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan keterlibatan mahasiswa. Dosen berperan kunci dalam mengembangkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang dibutuhkan. Inovasi pembelajaran berbasis teknologi digital melibatkan penemuan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran penggunaan teknologi digital. Konten digital, desain kurikulum, pelatihan dosen, dan infrastruktur pendukung penting dalam pengembangan teknologi digital. Teknologi digital meningkatkan keterlibatan mahasiswa dan efektivitas pembelajaran, tetapi peran dosen tetap penting sebagai fasilitator dan pengelola pembelajaran.
Problematika Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas 7 Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendididkan Agama Islam di SMP IT Addzimat Da’i Indonesia
Authors: Naturrohmah Ikna Ia , Ramdaniah Delia Nur , Masrofah Listia Wangi , Yudi Setiadi
Published: August 2024

Pada saat ini kesulitan belajar yang dialami siswa di sekolah seringkali tidak dapat dihindari. Oleh sebab itu, seorang guru harus merancang sebaik mungkin dalam kegiatan pembelajaran agar proses pembelajaran siswa mencapai tujuan dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kesulitan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan belajar mata pelajaran PAI yang terdapat pada siswa kelas 7 di SMPIT Addzimat DA’I Indonesia yaitu terdapat kesulitan siswa dalam kemampuan membaca, menulis dan menghafal dalam materi Al-Qur’an dan hadits. Adapun faktor eksternalnya  yaitu adanya latar belakang keluarga atau broken home, padatnya kegiatan pesantren, pengaruh dari teman sebaya dan suasana kelas yang kurang kondusif.
The Impact of Racial Microaggressions on Chinese Immigrant Students
Authors: Shao Bella
Published: September 2024

Racial microaggressions are subtle, often unintentional, and indirect forms of discrimination or insult directed at people based on their race or ethnicity. They can manifest as comments, behaviors, or environmental factors that convey negative stereotypes or biases. Asian Americans (AA) represent the fastest-growing population in the United States, with their numbers expected to continue increasing rapidly. However, the diversity within AA groups is often overlooked or inadequately described due to the pervasive model minority stereotype. The purpose of this study is to examine the racial microaggressions experienced by college students of Chinese descent. The outcomes of this research could help in understanding the social environment in which young Chinese immigrants live and could contribute to improving the environment to enhance their personal growth. This study has two research questions: 1) Does the perception of microaggressions among Chinese immigrants increase or decrease the longer they live in the U.S.? 2) Do women experience more microaggressions than men?
Public Opinion on Sanctions Compliance and Evasion: Experimental Evidence from the 2022–23 Russia Sanctions
Authors: Grauvogel Julia , Attia Hana , Peez Anton , Brettfeld Katrin , Richter Thomas , Wetzels Peter
Published: September 2024

Private companies play a critical role for making economic sanctions work. They may circumvent sanctions, comply, or even limit their business activities beyond what is legally required. This phenomenon of “overcompliance” has often been attributed to public pressure. However, there is little research on public opinion towards corporate behavior regarding sanctions. We theorize that the stigma and information cues associated with sanctions make individuals more likely to support domestic firms withdrawing from a foreign country’s market after the imposition of sanctions, and more likely to disapprove of companies continuing their operations. Two pre-registered survey experiments of public opinion on the post-2022 Russia sanctions show two key findings: First, Germans indeed care about whether firms engage with Russia and disapprove of those who do. Second, firms choosing to continue legal business with Russia cannot argue their way out of this negative public assessment. We establish the generalizability of these results with three replication experiments that vary the identity of the sanctioned state and the nature of the event triggering sanctions.
Amakudata: a dataset of bureaucratic revolving door hires
Authors: Incerti Trevor , Miyano Sayumi , Stanescu Diana , Yamagishi Hikaru
Published: September 2024

Political economists have long speculated about the effects of connections between bureaucracies and the private sector. However, data tracing flows of civil servants from the bureaucracy to the private sector remains rare. This article presents a new dataset, Amakudata, which contains individual-level data of virtually all Japanese bureaucrats retiring into positions outside of the bureaucracy from 2009 to 2019. We first present how the dataset was created and validated. Next, we describe what the data reveals about the revolving door in Japan and beyond, and show that some sectors may be larger hirers of government personnel than previously thought. We conclude by discussing how the data can be used to investigate empirical and causal questions in diverse subjects such as corruption and regulatory capture; procurement, pork, and government waste; bureaucratic representation; and international trade and investment.
Conspiracy Theories as a Source of Social Stigma in the Age of Corona - a Replication of a Study by Lantian et al. (2018)
Authors: Zinke Nikolai , Gropengießer Kirsten
Published: September 2024

The present study was designed as a replication of the original study, in which we tested the conspiracy-theory-as-social-stigma hypothesis. The main difference was the vignette, which was replaced by conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first experiment (N = 143), subjects were asked to write down three arguments in the context of a putative online competition supporting (or rejecting) conspiracy theories about the Corona pandemic (mid-2020). In the second experiment (N = 237), participants were asked to imagine supporting (or rejecting) conspiracy theories in front of an audience. In both experiments, anticipated fear of social exclusion was significantly elevated in the endorsement condition relative to the rejection condition and was mediated by anticipated negative self-evaluation. This mediation effect was attenuated when general conspiracy was high. Overall, the findings suggest that the term "conspiracy theory" should be avoided in public debates to prevent stigmatization and division.
Factor Structure of the CES-D-20 Scale in Young Adults in Singapore: An Examination of Six Alternative Structures and Measurement Invariance by Sex
Authors: Majeed Nadyanna M. , Kasturiratna K. T. A. Sandeeshwara , Chen Nicole Rui Ying , Hartanto Andree
Published: September 2024

Building on past research that has indicated cultural variations in the factor structure of the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-20), as well as several limitations validating the CES-D-20 within a Singapore context, this study investigated the CES-D-20’s factor structure and sex-based measurement invariance in Singapore. A large young adult sample in Singapore (N=1008) was utilised, and the original CES-D-20 was administered to all participants. The findings confirmed the four-factor model’s robustness over five other alternative models (RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.04), where each of the 20 items loaded significantly onto its respective factor (all loadings≥.42, all ps<.001). All four factors were also significantly inter-correlated to a medium to very large extent (all ps<.001). Configural and weak invariance were established across sexes; however, strong invariance required modification, where the release of a single intercept constraint resulted in strong partial invariance, implying sex differences in the expression of crying. Homogeneity tests suggested no significant sex differences in latent factor means, variances, and covariances. The importance of cultural- and sex-specific considerations when utilising the CES-D-20 are discussed.
The effects of early mathematical interventions for 3–5-year-old multilingual children: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Luomaniemi Katri , Gegenfurtner Andreas , Kankaanpää Sanni , Lehtinen Erno , McMullen Jake , Hannula-Sormunen Minna
Published: September 2024

Multilingual children seem to lag behind their monolingual peers in early mathematical skills. To examine the current state of research on supporting multilingual children’s early mathematical skills, a meta-analytic review was conducted. A systematic review of 24 articles on early mathematical interventions for 3-5-year-old multilingual participants found numeracy to be the primary focus followed by geometry, measurement and patterns. In examining specific instructional features related to multilingual participants, the most commonly employed approach was the use of mathematical language. However, there is an opportunity to implement more interventions utilizing children’s home language and culturally responsive instructional approach. A meta-analysis was conducted on a subset of 17 studies that provided enough data for calculating effect size. The average weighted effect size was small (g = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32, 0.59). The effect was smaller compared to previous meta-analyses with monolingual participants. Our findings suggest that there is a need for better support for multilingual children's early mathematical skills. Shifting from a monolingual perspective to a multilingual could help better address the needs of the learners from diverse language backgrounds.
Asymmetric Interaction Effects of Information with Varying Priorities in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Ni Jing , Yang Can , Fu Jiayi , Wang Ruotong , Cai Ying
Published: September 2024

Visual working memory (VWM) is the ability to temporarily maintain and manipulate visual information, with individuals adjusting the priority of information processing based on task demands. However, the nature of the interactions between information of varying priorities in VWM remains debated, which is the focus of the current study. In Experiment 1, participants performed a delayed recall task for colors under different loads of prioritized memory items (PMIs) and unprioritized memory items (UMIs). The results indicated that the recall for PMIs deteriorated as the load of UMIs increased, and vice versa. More importantly, recall for UMIs was more significantly affected by the load of PMIs, indicating an asymmetric interaction pattern between PMIs and UMIs. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether such an interaction pattern was influenced by the presentation order of PMIs and UMIs. We reversed and randomized the presentation sequence and replicated the findings from Experiment 1. Experiments 4 and 5 further validated these findings in delayed recall tasks for orientations and locations, confirming that the asymmetric interaction effects were consistent across different stimulus types. Moreover, Experiments 6 and 7 tested the cognitive mechanism underlying this pattern. We introduced an interference task during the delay phase and a test condition without recall of PMIs, revealing that the sustained attention to PMIs and the prioritized retrieval of PMIs were responsible for the observed asymmetry interaction pattern. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how information with different priorities interacts during VWM and offers valuable insights for future studies.
Three variables, one effect : what happens to the Stroop effect when the internal validity of the "Stroop protocol" tool is re-established?
Authors: Lemercier Céline
Published: September 2024

If everyone knows what attention is, all psychologists know what the Stroop effect is: it's the interference (conflicting overlap) caused by the automatic reading of an incongruent word on the more controlled process of color naming (when BLUE is written in YELLOW, the automatic reading of the word "BLUE" would interfere with the naming of the color "YELLOW"). With no fewer than 26,200 citations of the original article to date, the Stroop effect is undoubtedly one of the best-known, most widely used and most studied effects since its discovery 89 years ago. Adopting a resolutely offbeat approach to this monument of scientific literature in psychology, we questioned the internal validity of the "Stroop protocol" tool for studying overlap between processes. Analysis of the tool revealed an original violation of the protocol's historical dimension, manipulating not one (Nature of the dimension supporting the color; the factor consensually considered to explain the Stroop effect) but three factors (in addition: familiarity and set size). The corrected version of the tool involved the design of two sets of neutral items (i.e., 4 familiar neutral items and 12 unfamiliar neutral items). Analyses show that (1) color-naming times for colored words (whether congruent or incongruent) are significantly longer than for colored strings, (2) color-naming times for familiar items are significantly shorter than for unfamiliar items. In conclusion, we assert that (1) the variations in color-naming times for colored words is not due to the overlaping between processes, and (2) the Stroop effect is just a particular familiarity effect. Implications of these results are discussed.
教職課程学生における体罰容認的態度と公正世界信念の関連／The Relationship Between Tolerance of Corporal Punishment and Belief in a Just World in Teacher-Training Students
Authors: Kodama Keiichi
Published: September 2024

This study examined the relationship between teacher-training students’ permissive attitudes toward corporal punishment and their belief in a just world. A total of 300 teacher-training students from three private universities were asked to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the methodology of Uchida et al. (2020) and was designed to assess the students’ belief in a just world and their permissive attitudes toward corporal punishment in either the bukatsu activity or the general school life situation. The results showed the negative relationship between the belief in ultimate justice and permissive attitudes toward corporal punishment in the bukatsu activity situation, and the negative relationship between the belief in immanent justice and permissive attitudes toward corporal punishment in the general school life situation.
Meditation as behavior originating from defensive freezing in Homo sapiens: A phylogenic theory
Authors: Black David S
Published: September 2024

The biological origins of meditation in humans remain largely unexplored, despite extensive studies on its effects at the individual level. I propose a phylogenetic account, suggesting that meditation may have evolved from the defensive freezing response, an inherited response observed across multiple species. Defensive freezing, characterized by immobility, non-reactivity, hypervigilance, attention orienting, and a slowed heart rate, provides a repertoire of basic behavioral units that could have been shaped into the complex practice of meditation through ontogenic selection within verbal communities, which reinforced both the specific and general features of freezing. By tracing meditation back to an evolutionary process, we gain a new perspective on understanding its behavioral topography stemming from a process of phylogenic and ontogenic selection by reinforcement, while emphasizing the role of ancient survival response repertoires in its early development. This proposal connects meditation to biological origins and highlights the selection process still at play in modern verbal communities that reinforce rule-based instruction comprising meditation traditions.
Three- and four-year-old children represent mutually exclusive possible identities
Authors: Küçük Esra Nur , Kibbe Melissa M.
Published: September 2024

How do children think about and plan for possible outcomes of events that could happen in the future? Previous work that has investigated children’s ability to think about mutually exclusive possibilities has largely focused on children’s reasoning about one type of possibility – the possible locations of an object. Here, we investigated children’s reasoning about another type of possibility – mutually-exclusive possible identities. In two experiments (n = 201 US 3- and 4-year-olds), children were told that two animal characters (e.g., a bunny and a monkey) were going to take turns sliding down a playground slide. Children were told that the animals wanted to eat their favorite foods (e.g., carrots and bananas, respectively) as soon as they got to the bottom of the slide. In an Unambiguous Identity condition, we told children the identity of the animal that would slide down. In an Ambiguous Identity condition, we told children that which animal would slide down first was unknown. To examine children’s representations of possible identities, we asked children to “get snack ready”. We found that children in the Unambiguous Identities condition selected only one of the snacks (i.e., the favorite snack of the animal they were told would slide down), while children in the Ambiguous Identities condition selected both snacks, suggesting that they were accounting for both possible identities. These results extend the literature on the development of modal reasoning to include reasoning about possible identities, and suggest that this ability may be available to children as young as 3 years.
Conservation of Dhulikhel
Authors: Bhandari Puspa , Karki Rachana , G.C Riya , Pandey Ritika , Bhurtel Sumnima , Acharya Yojana , Manandhar Joshi Shailita
Published: September 2024

This paper outlines a comprehensive conservation project addressing historical and natural heritage in Dhulikhel, an endangered settlement in Kavrepalanchowk. Undertaken in two phases, the initiative began with inventory and documentation conducted by the 2075 batch of architecture students of Kathmandu Engineering College. The final phase involved identifying existing issues by our team and proposing solutions to prevent further deterioration. The primary objective is the conservation of Dhulikhel, focusing on reviving the settlement by discouraging out-migration and creating diverse employment opportunities centered on its five main celebratory nodes (Chowk).
Spatial Characteristics of Mithila Architecture
Authors: Pokhrel Aanchal , Manandhar Joshi Shailita
Published: September 2024

Mithila, a region steeped in history and culture, nestled within the Indian subcontinent, emerges as a captivating tapestry of geographical and architectural heritage. Bounded by significant natural landmarks, Mithila's rich history dates back to 6000 BCE, enduring diverse epochs under various rulers. In the face of relentless urbanization, the study of Mithila's architecture becomes a crucial endeavor to conserve the essence of this community. This research explores the intricate layers of Mithila's architectural legacy, delving into the living history of its people and providing a roadmap for integrating tradition into contemporary developments. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study navigates cultural and historical transitions, architectural intricacies, and traditional residential structures in Mithila. The research methodology employs qualitative methods, including participant observation and semi-structured interviews, focusing on Janakpur as a research site. Analyzing spatial characteristics reveals intentional orientations, meticulous planning, and the ingenious use of bamboo, mud plaster, and vibrant paintings in building materials and technology. The elevation treatment of Mithila houses emerges as a dynamic manifestation of cultural identity seamlessly blended with architectural innovation. This research contributes to the discourse on cultural and heritage conservation, emphasizing the urgency of empowering local communities to preserve and celebrate Mithila's unique architectural legacy.
नेपाली कवितामा भाषिक समानान्तरता
Authors: गौतम Gautam तुलसीप्रसाद Tulasiprasad
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नेपाली कवितामा समानान्तरतासम्बन्धी अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । यो अनुसन्धान गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको भएकाले सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट गरिएको छ । यसमा विश्लेषणका लागि छनोट गरिएका कवितालाई प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ भने समानान्तरताको सिद्धान्तसँग सम्बन्धित पुस्तक तथा लेखहरूलाई द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । यसमा नेपाली कवितामा समानान्तरताको प्रयोग के कसरी भएको छ भन्ने कुराको अध्ययन गर्दा निगेल फेबले परिभाषित गरेको संरचनात्मक, शास्त्रीय र आर्थी समानान्तरताका आधारमा गरिएको छ । कविता विश्लेषण गर्दा यसमा वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधि प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट समानान्तरताको प्रयोगले नेपाली कवितालाई लयात्मक, गेयात्मक, साङ्गीतिक, आलङ्कारिक र काव्यिक बनाएको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
أثر التغير الفني في نمو انتاجية العامل الكلية في قطاع الصناعة التحويلية في العراق على وفق مؤشرمالمكويستMalmquist * خلال المدة(2016-2020)
Authors: Sajida Saad Kasid Sabr Al Hanshal  , Nujoud Saeb Baroudi
Published: September 2024

يؤدي التغير الفني دورا فاعلا في نمو انتاجية العامل الكلية في قطاع الصناعة التحويلية في العراق. وانطلاقا من ذلك يهدف هذا البحث الى قياس وتحليل أثر التغير الفني في نمو انتاجية العامل الكلية خلال المدة (2016-2020) وقد لجأنا الى استعمال طريقة البرمجة اللامعلمية لحساب مؤشر انتاجية مالمكويست.  ويتم تجزئة هذا المؤشر الى مكونين هما: التغير الفني وتغير الكفاءة. وقد توصل البحث الى ان نمو انتاجية العامل الكلية لا تعود أساسا الى التغير الفني. اذ ان التغير الفني كان موجبا فقط في اربع فروع صناعية ( صناعة المواد الغذائية، صناعة الفلزات القاعدية، صناعة منتجات المعادن المركبة باستثناء المكائن والمعدات، وصناعة الأجهزة الكهربائية) من بين( 13) فرعا صناعيا من فروع الصناعة التحويلية في المنشآت الصناعية الكبيرة عدا اقليم كوردستان).، وهذا يعني ان هذه الفروع لم تتبنى تكنولوجيا جديدة في زيادة نمو إنتاجية العامل الكلية، كما أن زيادة العمالة الماهرة من خلال تنمية الموارد البشرية  يقلل من نقص المهارات الذي يعيق تبني التكنولوجيا الجديدة.  ويوصي الباحثين من أن تمكين نشاطات البحث والتطوير يمكن ان يؤدي دوراً فاعلاً في جلب تقدم تكنولوجي لهذه الصناعات لذا يجب ان تنصب الجهود على زيادة انشطة البحث والتطوير في الصناعات التحويلية ومن ثم يمكن ان تؤدي الصناعات التحويلية دورا فاعلا في نمو العملية التصنيعية في العراق.
تأثير وضوح الادوار القيادية في تحقيق العناقيد الاستراتيجية -دراسة مقارنة لعينة من الجامعات الحكومية والاهلية
Authors: ايلاف مطلك حميد  , شهناز فاضل احمد
Published: September 2024

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة علاقة التأثير بين وضوح الادوار القيادية كمتغير مستقل وتأثيره في تحقيق المتغير التابع العناقيد الاستراتيجية بأبعادها المتمثلة بـ (الاجراءات التنظيمية، المعرفة التخصصية، الدعم اللوجستي، تحشيد الدعم الحكومي) ، وتم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي المقارن في تحليل بيانات الدراسة، واعتمدت الاستبانة كأداة للقياس والتي تضمنت (30) فقرة كأداة للقياس وجمع البيانات، فضلاً عن الاستعانة بالمقابلات الشخصية لعدد من افراد العينة المبحوثة، وقد أُختيرت عينة قصدية للمديرين بمستوى (قسم، شعبة، وحدة)، ولثلاثة من الجامعات الحكومية تمثلت بكل من جامعة (بغداد، المستنصرية، العراقية)، وثلاثة من الجامعات الاهلية تمثلت بكل من جامعة (البيان، الفراهيدي، الاسراء) ليكونوا مجتمعاً للدراسة، إذ بلغ حجم العينة (256) مديراً في مقر رئاسات الجامعات الحكومية والاهلية المختارة للدراسة، وتم الأعتماد على مجموعة من الوسائل الاحصائية (كالوسط الحسابي، الانحراف المعياري، قيمة R، قيمة F، قيمة t، معامل التحديد R²، معامل التحديد المصحح R²، معامل الميل الحدي ß) وبأستخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS V.25)، وتوصلت الدراسة الى عدد من النتائج اهمها (وجود تأثير لوضوح الادوار القيادية في العناقيد الاستراتيجية)، كما وخرجت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات التي تخدم الغرض الذي وضعت من اجله.
مقارنة بين طريقتي انحدار الشريحة الجزائية والمقدر الخطي الموضعي لتقدير انموذج انحدار ديربن المكاني الشبه معلمي
Authors: أنوار صباح اغميس  , احمد عبد علي عكار
Published: September 2024

تناول هذا البحث مقارنة بين طريقتي انحدار الشريحة الجزائية (PS) وطريقة المقدر الخطي الموضعي(LLE)  لتقدير انموذج انحدار ديربن المكاني شبه المعلمي(SDM)  وباستعمال مصفوفة التجاورات المكانية المعدلة في ظل معيار تجاور Rook لمعرفة ايهما الأفضل حيث أوضحت نتائج المحاكاة باستعمال برنامج ماتلاب الاحصائي ومن خلال معيار المقارنة الجذر التربيعي لمتوسط مربع الخطأ ان طريقة انحدار الشريحة الجزائية (PS)هي الأفضل في مختلف حجوم العينات الثلاث المستعملة حيث تم استعمال ثلاث حجوم للعينات (45،75، 150) وكذلك استعمل ثلاث قيم للاعتماد المكاني وهي(0.25، 0.5، 0.9) وثلاث قيم للتباين (0.2، 0.5، 0.8) وتم تكرار التجربة (1000) مرة بهدف حصول على نتائج اكثر دقة, كما أن افضل النتائج من حلال معيار المقارنة الجذر التربيعي لمتوسط مربع الخطأ كان عند حجم العينة (75) وكذلك أظهرت النتائج انه كلما ازداد حجم العينة كلما قلت قيمة معيار المقارنة (RMSE) في حين أظهرت النتائج من خلال معيار المقارنة ان قيم طريقة المقدر الخطي الموضعي LLE عالية أي انها اقل كفاءة من طريقة انحدار الشريحة الجزائية PS.
Pengaturan Jangka Waktu Yang Berkeadilan Atas Perjanjian Kerjasama Kepada Pihak Ketiga Hak Pengelolaan Diatas Tanah Ulayat
Authors: Maulana Iqbal , Fadli Moh , Herlindah Herlindah , Permadi Iwan
Published: September 2024

The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Indonesian Constitution both recognize the traditional rights of indigenous peoples. New regulations in Indonesia have introduced management rights originating from customary land. However, a legal vacuum exists regarding the terms of agreements to collaborate with third parties, putting both indigenous communities and third parties at risk. The research aims to safeguard and establish clarity for the traditional rights of indigenous peoples, as well as those of third parties seeking land management rights. This research employs a normative, juridical approach. Using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, legal construction methods analyze the basic concepts for determining management rights over customary land of indigenous peoples. The results of this study emphasize the importance of setting fair timeframes to ensure fairness for all parties involved. This aims to eliminate legal uncertainty and potential losses, particularly for indigenous communities and those seeking these management rights. Provisions for the term of land use by third parties with the goal of fairness based on rights inequality; then, to come to an agreement that is good for both sides, the maximum term is based on the term of the Business Use Rights (HGU), which was 35 years, extended to 25, and renewed for another 35 years
 
Hak tradisional masyarakat hukum adat telah diakui dalam Deklarasi PBB tentang Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat dan pada Konstitusi Indonesia. Peraturan baru di Indonesia memperkenalkan hak pengelolaan yang berasal dari tanah adat, namun terdapat kekosongan hukum terkait jangka waktu perjanjian untuk berkolaborasi dengan pihak ketiga, ketidakpastian ini membahayakan masyarakat adat dan pihak ketiga. Tujuan penelitian untuk melindungi dan memberikan kepastian hak tradisional masyarakat adat dan juga pihak ketiga yang akan mengusahakan tanah hak pengelolaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, studi ini menggali konsep dasar untuk mengetahui hak pengelolaan di atas tanah ulayat  masyarakat adat dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual yang dianalisis dengan metode konstruksi hukum. Temuan penelitian ini menekankan perlunya menetapkan jangka waktu yang adil untuk memastikan keadilan bagi semua pihak yang terlibat. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi ketidakpastian hukum dan potensi kerugian, khususnya bagi masyarakat adat atas hak tradisionalnya dan bagi pihak yang akan mengusahakan hak pengelolaan tersebut. Ketentuan jangka waktu pemanfaatan lahan oleh pihak ketiga dengan tujuan keadilan atas dasar ketidaksamaan rawls, maka dasar penetapan perjanjian yang saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak menggunakan jangka waktu maksimal sesuai dengan jangka waktu dari Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) diberikan 35, diperpanjang 25, dan diperbaharui 35 Tahun.