bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1122‐000213: Presence of Blebs Associated with Reduced Aneurysm Wall Tension and Increased Wall Enhancement
Authors: Raghuram Ashrita , Galloy Adam E , Nino Marco A , Miller Alberto Varon , Sanchez Sebastian , Sabotin Ryan , Osorno‐Cruz Carlos , Raghavan Suresh ML , Hasan David , Samaniego Edgar A
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Aneurysm wall enhancement using high‐resolution vessel wall imaging (HR‐VWI) may provide new surrogate biomarkers for instability. Finite element analysis (FEA) paired with HR‐VWI can provide more insight into complex morphological features that ultimately lead to aneurysm growth and rupture.

Methods
: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms were reconstructed in 3D from CE‐MRA imaging. Shells were created assuming a uniform wall thickness of 86 μm and FEA was conducted with a 3rd order polynomial material model, assuming the wall to be isotropic, homogenous, and similar between subjects. The 95th percentile wall tension was defined as high wall tension to account for mesh artifacts. Low wall tension was identified from nodal values and verified on contour plots. Regions of high and low wall tension were characterized from contour plots. Aneurysms were measured and classified as enhancing (CR
stalk
≥0.6) or non‐enhancing (CR
stalk
<0.6), using manual ROI measurements from 3T HR‐VWI T1 postcontrast imaging.

Results
: Of the twenty‐three aneurysms analyzed, fourteen were classified as enhancing (CR
stalk
≥0.6) and nine as non‐enhancing. Enhancing aneurysms had a significantly higher 95th percentile wall tension (m = 0.89±0.32 N/cm) compared to non‐enhancing aneurysms (m = 0.48±0.10 N/cm, p<0.001). Wall enhancement remained a significant predictor of wall tension while accounting for the effects of aneurysm size (p = 0.046). High wall tension was consistently concentrated at the neck of the aneurysm, while low wall tension concentrated at the dome. (Figure 1). Aneurysms with blebs (N = 7) had significantly lower minimal wall tension (m = 0.13±0.02 N/cm) than those without (m = 0.21±0.10 N/cm, p = 0.033). Enhancing aneurysms had significantly higher minimal wall tensions (m = 0.23±0.10 N/cm), than non‐enhancing aneurysms (m = 0.13±0.02 N/cm, 0.003). Minimal wall tension was less strongly correlated with diameter and neck size (Spearman’s r = 0.564,0.378 respectively) than 95th percentile wall tension (Spearman’s r = 0.756, 0.541 respectively).

Conclusions
: Large and irregular aneurysms are subject to complex mechanical loading. The resultant stress concentrators may prompt the histological remodeling response observed in areas of growth, like the aneurysm neck. Low wall tension indicative of wall degradation in areas more prone to rupture colocalized with aneurysm wall enhancement and blebs.
Abstract 1122‐000215: Scheduled Head CT in Neurologically Stable Spontaneous ICH Patients May be Unnecessary
Authors: Almajali Mohammad , Khasiyev Farid , Hakoun Abdullah M , Afzal M. Khurram , Sunnaa Michael , Andrade Joao Brainer Clares , Christopher Kara , Linares Guillermo , Ramiro Joanna
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Obtaining serial head computed tomography (CTH) imaging for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is commonly utilized to monitor for hematoma expansion (HE), defined as an increase in ICH volume by 33%. Obtaining recurrent CTH in the ICU setting may burden nursing and transport staff, expose patients to radiation, and inflate healthcare costs. It remains unclear whether utilizing scheduled CTH for sICH patients is more advantageous than targeted CTH, which is prompted by a decline in neurological status. We reviewed clinical factors and imaging studies in patients with and without HE.

Methods
: This retrospective cohort study conducted over two years identified 171 sICH patients. Patient demographics, clinical and neuroimaging data were recorded (including the reason for repeat imaging). These variables were then compared and analyzed in relation to HE using SPSS version 26, chi‐square tests for categorical variables, and independent‐samples t‐tests were used for continuous variables.

Results
: Patients were predominantly male (65%), with a mean age of 65±14 years, a median GCS of 14, a median ICH score of 1, and a median ICH volume of 12.1 ccs. Repeat CTH was obtained within 14 hours after the initial imaging on average. Admission blood pressure (BP), BP‐lowering interventions, pre‐admission use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, GCS on admission, ICH volume, ICH score, and presence of spot signs were similar between the two groups. 15% of total patients (26/171) had HE. In the group that underwent scheduled repeat CTH, only 7% (9 patients) had HE, while the remaining 93% (119 patients) did not. Patients who underwent a second scan following a change in the neurologic assessment included 39% (17 patients) who had HE, compared to 61% (26 patients) that did not. HE detection was significantly lower in patients that underwent scheduled CTH (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
: In patients with a stable exam, scheduled head CT only showed HE in 6% of patients; thus, the excess burden, radiation, and costs may not be necessary for these patients. Hematoma expansion is significantly lower in patients who underwent scheduled imaging than those prompted by a decline in neurologic status. However, our sample size is small and additional studies with larger population sizes are required to validate our findings.
Abstract 1122‐000221: High School Student Stroke Awareness in Rio De Janeiro
Authors: Gireesha Avani
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: The ultimate purpose of this study was to assess the extent of stroke awareness within high school students in several countries in Latin America. Stroke awareness and prevention is the best way to minimize the risks of a stroke. Strokes resulted in 195,661 deaths in 2016 in high‐income regions within North America. In Brazil alone, there were 107,258 deaths by stroke in 2016 that could have been caused by improper treatment and lack of awareness.

Methods
: The focus of the study quickly shifted to within Brazil, due to its concerning status. Quantitative data provided by secondary and primary research through an anonymous survey shows a critical need for more awareness in high school students. A Google Form survey was conducted in 2020 with various multiple choice, checkbox, and multiple‐choice grid questions on 124 high school students in Brazil was passed out through several students in the area. Of these students, 83% were from a private high school with excellent academics, student life, and club activities, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The impact of Covid‐19 has resulted in fewer responses from schools and officials as many were not taking any messages, making it difficult to attain survey responses.

Results
: Regardless, 26.61% of all survey participants were unaware of what a stroke is, and a majority thought it had to do with the heart. Less than half of the participants knew what FAST stood for, a well‐known acronym for identifying symptoms of a stroke. Even if a student identified a stroke, 25% did not know that the first step is calling an emergency hotline, crucial knowledge that could lead to a decrease in the high rate of stroke deaths. When asked where their knowledge of strokes came from, further concerns arose with more than half learning from social media, 12.39% not knowing anything, and 6.45% even citing Grey’s Anatomy, a popular television series. Only 37.1% of participants got any of their knowledge on stroke from the news and less than half learned from a credible source, such as their school.

Conclusions
: Lack of education about stroke among a significant number of students in Rio de Janeiro may lead to an increase in the number of stroke deaths that could have been prevented had communities been educated. The research marks the beginning of an ongoing assessment that will expand to all of Latin America. The assessment will reveal the extent of stroke awareness among the youth in the entire region and may provide a blueprint for educating them, ultimately improving the treatment rates for stroke in the region.
Abstract 1122‐000229: Simultaneous Transarterial‐Transvenous Contrast Injection to Reveal Connection Point for Treatment of Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Rupareliya Chintan , Fraser Justin F , Sheikhi Lila
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Cavernous sinus (CS) via inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) access can present a challenge in the treatment of carotid‐cavernous fistulas (CCF) due to anatomical variations, tortuosity, and/or difficult visualization of IPS given high retrograde flow through the fistulous connection.

Methods
: A 58‐year‐old male was referred to our academic medical center for three weeks of right eye pain, now complicated by redness, diplopia and blurry vision. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain at the outside hospital revealed hemorrhagic lesion in right parietotemporal region. Computerized tomography‐angiogram (CTA) of the head revealed filling of cavernous sinus during an arterial phase suspicious for CCF. Under general anesthesia, after accessing right common femoral artery, 4 French (F) cook catheter (Cook Medical LLC, Bloomington, IN) was advanced over 0.035 angled glide wire to the proximal right internal carotid artery. Contrast injected through the ICA showed the CS but not the IPS (Fig. 1A). Through the left common femoral vein, access was obtained using an Infinity guide catheter (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA) and Catalyst 5 (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA) distal access catheter. A Synchro 2 soft microwire (Stryker Neurovascular, Fremont, CA) was advanced through Echelon 10 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) microcatheter. The venous guide catheter was advanced into right internal jugular vein (IJV) and the distal access catheter was placed into sigmoid jugular junction. Injection of contrast revealed the IPS, but not the CS (Fig. 1B). A subsequent simultaneous hand injection with the microcatheter within the IPS and the diagnostic catheter in the left ICA elucidated the venous‐venous connection (Fig. 1C,) allowing for subsequent navigation and complete treatment of the fistula through IPS using target coils (Fig. 1D).

Results
: Given the arterial system is a high‐pressure system and the usual direction of flow of contrast would be from the high‐pressure ICA to the low‐pressure CS, injecting a simultaneous contrast bolus from the venous end would oppose the arterial contrast flow. As a result, the fistulous connection that was previously obscured became visible allowing roadmap imaging guiding navigation into the CS.

Conclusions
: Use of simultaneous trans‐arterial/trans‐venous contrast injection is relatively simple compared to other reported techniques to reveal an obscure connection point. It also shortens the duration of endovascular tools in the bloodstream and thus, reduces the potential complication rate. Further use of this technique on larger study samples is important to validate its general use.
Jam-Barrel Politics
Authors: Bonilla-Mejía Leonardo , Morales Juan S.
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the executive-legislative exchange of centrally allocated benefits (jam) for legislative support in Colombia using data from road building projects, legislative roll-call votes, and a leaked database which uncovered the assignment of road contracts to individual legislators. We draw hypotheses from a model in which an executive spreads jam to sway legislators. We document that assigned projects had excess costs, legislators targeted were more likely to be swing voters in congress, and legislators increased their support for the executive after their contracts were signed. The results are driven by legislators representing remote regions and constituencies with weaker political institutions.
Spending Response to a Predictable Increase in Mortgage Repayments: Evidence from Expiring Interest-Only Loans
Authors: Andersen Henrik Yde , Bech Stine Ludvig , De Stefani Alessia
Published: December 2021

We study how homeowners' consumption responds to a negative and anticipated disposable income shock: the beginning of the amortization period on interest-only mortgages. We identify spending behavior through an event study approach, by matching loan-level data that covers the universe of Danish mortgages to detailed administrative registries on borrowers. In response to an average increase in installments worth 9% of income, consumption drops by 3% of income, when amortization begins. The reduction in expenditure is persistent. Borrowers who fail to smooth consumption are highly leveraged and likely to be denied a new interest-only loan, upon expiration.
Understanding the Rise in Life Expectancy Inequality
Authors: Dahl Gordon B. , Kreiner Claus Thustrup , Nielsen Torben Heien , Serena Benjamin Ly
Published: December 2021

We provide a novel decomposition of changing gaps in life expectancy between rich and poor into differential changes in age-specific mortality rates and differences in “survivability.” Declining age-specific mortality rates increases life expectancy, but the gain is small if the likelihood of living to this age is small (ex ante survivability) or if the expected remaining lifetime is short (ex post survivability). Lower survivability of the poor explains half of the recent rise in inequality in the United States and the entire rise in Denmark. Declines in cardiovascular mortality benefited rich and poor, but inequality increased because of differences in lifestyle-related survivability.
The Role of the WTO in the Global Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marceau Gabrielle , Garg Shivani
Published: December 2021

The WTO and international trade have proven more important than ever during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, without the delivery of food, medicines, masks and vaccines through commerce, the pandemic could not be contained. The WTO basic principles - transparency, non-discrimination, the prohibition against border restrictions, disciplines on subsidies to industrial and agriculture products, to name a few, and in particular the WTO monitoring system have helped countries collaborating and coordinating their actions to contain the pandemic and mitigate trade and global supply chain disruptions on essential goods. In addition, during this crisis, the WTO Secretariat and its Director-General assumed enhanced responsibilities to assist Members with their extraordinary needs. The WTO became the global forum for Members’ coordination of border and internal trade-related actions, for the debate on intellectual property and the request for waiving patent protections on vaccines, while playing an active role in stimulating the expansion of vaccine production capacity in developing countries. This article contends that the response of the WTO has augmented and legitimatized its role as a global governance forum.
To Stop and See: Contemplative Fieldwork as Thoughtful Observation
Authors: Schaarsberg Suzanne Klein
Published: December 2021

Contemplation, or the practice of sitting still to ‘stop and see’, can expand one’s embodied awareness. This expanded awareness resembles ethnographic sensibility, a disposition practiced by researchers to generate an understanding of the ‘field’. My fieldwork on contemplative activism involves a double thoughtful observation: once as contemplation, and once as ethnographic sensitivity. How do I make sense of data as I cannot distinguish between my own embodied experiences of contemplation and my methodological practices as a fieldworker? How do I engage with ‘data’ that escape words when contemplative activism takes place in silence? Rather than making the familiar strange -as much literature on fieldwork suggests- keeping the ‘strange’ strange might be similarly productive, especially when it concerns esoteric experiences fieldworkers (perhaps) have in the field. Instead of ethnographic sensibility being about seeing differently, ‘learning’ in the field can be about practicing to ‘stop and see’ different things.
A Corpus-Based Study of the Discursive Construction of Corporate Identities by Chinese and American Banks
Authors: Cheng Xia , Shi Xingsong
Published: December 2021

By taking the perspective of Social Constructivism and the Discourse-Historical Approach, and using the corpus linguistic tool Wmatrix, this study compares the discursive strategies adopted by Chinese and American banks in their construction of corporate identities. The research underlines the shared and unique features presented in prominent themes, communication strategies and lexical patterns. It is found that Chinese banks prefer to emphasise their historical development, industrial ranking and organisational structure to positively construct their identity as industry leaders, adopting a corporate ability strategy through the frequent usage of numbers and superlative adjectives. However, American banks tend to stress care for their employees, communities and environment. They prefer to use a corporate responsibility strategy to build their identity as social contributors through the frequent usage of performative verbs to exhibit specific corporate activities. This study may have practical implications for Chinese companies wishing to improve their international communication capability and may offer educational implications for Business English teaching.
New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
Authors: MELIKA GEORGE , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , ABRAHAMSON WARREN G. , BUSS EILEEN A. , STONE GRAHAM N.
Published: December 2021

Twenty nine new species of cynipid oak gall wasps from the Nearctic region (America north of Mexico) are described: Andricus archboldi Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. catalinensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. chapmanii Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. chiricahuensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. coconinoensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. columbiensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. cooki Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. fitzpatricki Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. highlandensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. mellificus Nicholls, Stone & Melika, sp. nov., A. menkei Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. mogollonensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A. nichollsi Melika & Stone, sp. nov., A. schickae Nicholls, Melika & Stone, sp. nov., A. torreyaensis Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. williami Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., Antron lovellae Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., A.tomkursari Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., Dryocosmus archboldi Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., Loxaulus virginianae Melika & Buss, sp. nov., Neuroterus alexandrae Nicholls & Melika, sp. nov., N. aliceae Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., N. bussae Melika & Nicholls, sp. nov., N. oblongifoliae Nicholls, Stone & Melika, sp. nov., N. quaili Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., N. rosieae Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov., N. stonei Melika & Nicholls, sp. nov., Zapatella abrahamsoni Melika, sp. nov., Z. brooksvillei Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov.. Alternate asexual and sexual generations are described for four species, Andricus archboldi Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. fitzpatricki Melika & Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. schickae Nicholls, Melika & Stone, sp. nov., Neuroterus aliceae Melika, Nicholls & Stone, sp. nov.. Descriptions, diagnoses, plus information on biology and host associations are given for all new species. All taxa are supported by morphological data; matching of generations is established using DNA sequence data. We also demonstrate that Neuroterus niger var. alimas Kinsey should be considered as a nomen dubium.
Observational Study on Boundary Layer Moist Static Energy Budget over the Tropical Western Pacific and Its Variability Associated with Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Yokoi Satoru , Katsumata Masaki
Published: December 2021

Moist static energy (MSE) in the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) is one of the essential parameters determining convective activity over tropical oceanic areas. It is thus important to quantitatively understand BL MSE budget processes and their variability. Among these processes, only few studies have evaluated contributions of entrainment across the BL top and convective downdraft. This study aims to estimate these contributions by analyzing upper-air and surface meteorological observations obtained using research vessel Mirai over the tropical western Pacific in June 2008. Daily mean downward mass fluxes due to the two processes are calculated using BL dry static energy and moisture budget equations under the BL quasi-equilibrium approximation. Estimated mass fluxes are consistent with convective activity observed by a shipborne weather radar and a ceilometer. This study further examines how the mass fluxes and budget processes are modulated when a convectively active phase of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation arrives at the observation area in the second half of the month. It is found that, while the contribution of the entrainment does not change significantly, the convective downdraft mass flux and the resultant BL MSE export increase 5 times and 3 times, respectively, in the convectively active period compared with those in the preactive period. Furthermore, ∼1/4 of the increase in the convective downdraft mass flux is attributable to the increase in MSE of convective downdraft air associated with midtropospheric moistening.
Diurnal Differences in Tropical Maritime Anvil Cloud Evolution
Authors: Gasparini Blaž , Sokol Adam B. , Wall Casey J. , Hartmann Dennis L. , Blossey Peter N.
Published: December 2021

Satellite observations of tropical maritime convection indicate an afternoon maximum in anvil cloud fraction that cannot be explained by the diurnal cycle of deep convection peaking at night. We use idealized cloud-resolving model simulations of single anvil cloud evolution pathways, initialized at different times of the day, to show that tropical anvil clouds formed during the day are more widespread and longer lasting than those formed at night. This diurnal difference is caused by shortwave radiative heating, which lofts and spreads anvil clouds via a mesoscale circulation that is largely absent at night, when a different, longwave-driven circulation dominates. The nighttime circulation entrains dry environmental air that erodes cloud top and shortens anvil lifetime. Increased ice nucleation in more turbulent nighttime conditions supported by the longwave cloud-top cooling and cloud-base heating dipole cannot compensate for the effect of diurnal shortwave radiative heating. Radiative–convective equilibrium simulations with a realistic diurnal cycle of insolation confirm the crucial role of shortwave heating in lofting and sustaining anvil clouds. The shortwave-driven mesoscale ascent leads to daytime anvils with larger ice crystal size, number concentration, and water content at cloud top than their nighttime counterparts.

Significance Statement

Deep convective activity and rainfall peak at night over the tropical oceans. However, anvil clouds that originate from the tops of deep convective clouds reach their largest extent in the afternoon hours. We study the underlying physical mechanisms that lead to this discrepancy by simulating the evolution of anvil clouds with a high-resolution model. We find that the absorption of sunlight by ice crystals lofts and spreads the daytime anvil clouds over a larger area, increasing their lifetime, changing their properties, and thus influencing their impact on climate. Our findings show that it is important not only to simulate the correct onset of deep convection but also to correctly represent anvil cloud evolution for skillful simulations of the tropical energy balance.
Critical Evaluation of Spectral Resolution Enhancement Methods for Raman Hyperspectra
Authors: Schulze H. Georg , Rangan Shreyas , Vardaki Martha Z. , Blades Michael W. , Turner Robin F. B. , Piret James M.
Published: December 2021

Overlapping peaks in Raman spectra complicate the presentation, interpretation, and analyses of complex samples. This is particularly problematic for methods dependent on sparsity such as multivariate curve resolution and other spectral demixing as well as for two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), multisource correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. Though software-based resolution enhancement methods can be used to counter such problems, their performances often differ, thereby rendering some more suitable than others for specific tasks. Furthermore, there is a need for automated methods to apply to large numbers of varied hyperspectral data sets containing multiple overlapping peaks, and thus methods ideally suitable for diverse tasks. To investigate these issues, we implemented three novel resolution enhancement methods based on pseudospectra, over-deconvolution, and peak fitting to evaluate them along with three extant methods: node narrowing, blind deconvolution, and the general-purpose peak fitting program Fityk. We first applied the methods to varied synthetic spectra, each consisting of nine overlapping Voigt profile peaks. Improved spectral resolution was evaluated based on several criteria including the separation of overlapping peaks and the preservation of true peak intensities in resolution-enhanced spectra. We then investigated the efficacy of these methods to improve the resolution of measured Raman spectra. High resolution spectra of glucose acquired with a narrow spectrometer slit were compared to ones using a wide slit that degraded the spectral resolution. We also determined the effects of the different resolution enhancement methods on 2D-COS and on chemical contrast image generation from mammalian cell spectra. We conclude with a discussion of the particular benefits, drawbacks, and potential of these methods. Our efforts provided insight into the need for effective resolution enhancement approaches, the feasibility of these methods for automation, the nature of the problems currently limiting their use, and in particular those aspects that need improvement.
John Paul II, Dialogue with Muslims and the Question of Religious Freedom
Authors: Olizar Isabel
Published: December 2021

John Paul II was committed to dialogue with Muslims, and to the defence of religious freedom. This article reflects upon how John Paul II held these commitments together as threats to religious freedom from within the Muslim World emerged during his papacy. This article argues that the central theological insight of the Council, that Christians and Muslims together adore the one God, provided a framework into which John Paul II brought deepening reflections on the different ways in which Christians and Muslims understand God, the person and truth and freedom. In his dialogue with Muslims, John Paul II witnessed to the Christian understanding of human dignity and set out a theologically grounded defence of religious freedom.
Exploring the Effects of Full-Day Kindergarten on School Absenteeism for Children With Disabilities: Evidence From State Policy Mandates in the United States
Authors: Gottfried Michael A. , Jacob Kirksey J.
Published: December 2021

Student absenteeism is a barrier to learning and an issue that requires policy intervention. Students with disabilities are of particular concern, as they miss school more often than students in any other demographic group. Affecting a key attribute of school structures, policies promoting full-day kindergarten began as an effort to improve opportunities for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, but no studies have provided causal evidence as to whether full-day kindergarten enrollment relates to school attendance. No studies have examined whether effects exist for students with disabilities in the long term. Using a nationally representative sample of children with disabilities in the United States ( N = 2,120), we employed an instrumental-variable strategy that capitalized on state-level policy shifts of full-day kindergarten offerings as an exogenous source of variation. We found that full-day kindergarten structures related to a sharp increase in absenteeism for children with disabilities in kindergarten and first and second grades. We found no relationship to absenteeism for these children in later years of primary schooling. We discuss policy implications of these findings.
The Soviet Myth and the Making of Communist Lives in Italy, 1943–56
Authors: Forlenza Rosario
Published: December 2021

This article explores the emergence and consolidation of the Soviet myth, and the related myth of Stalin, within Italy's Communist culture, in the period between the upheavals of the Second World War and 1956. Countering the traditional top-down approaches, which have seen political myths as weapons in the political struggle and devices for deceiving ordinary people, it examines the Soviet myth as a narrative that encapsulated the meaning of the experiences of the Italian Communist Party rank and file, as well as its elite, in extraordinary times. Drawing on the social and cultural anthropology of Victor Turner, it examines the establishment and strength of the Soviet myth and argues that it emerged as a new marker of certainty for groups and individuals in response to the liminal conditions of political and existential uncertainty experienced during the Second World War.
Radical Humanism and Re-Mything: Honoring Experiencers of Extreme States as the Carriers of Wisdom for Consciousness Evolution and Collective Transformation
Authors: Hobart Michelle A.
Published: December 2021

As transmitters of the New Paradigm and psychospiritual templates that the planet needs in this time of transformation, extreme-state experiencers are the key to our evolution, and thus we need to honor them as such. Radical humanism is an expansion and deepening of our empathy, a call-to-action, and a way of telling the story differently. We are asked as therapists to be nothing less than liaisons to the oracular. We look to Jung, Laing, Rogers, and contemporary lineage holders in these synergistic and co-catalytic ways of holding and working with extreme states to shine light upon the potent and often misunderstood or pathologized realms of the chaotic and ecstatic, the devastating, blissful, and the overwhelming contact with the gnosis, beings, and energies that lie therein. We carry forth the work in our sessions that are part confessional, part energy transmission, and always opportunities for us to expand what we think we know about what is happening and how we feel about ourselves, these times, and our role in healing on all levels that is being offered in each moment that we are in our role as Sacred Witness and midwife to soul rebirth.
Linking Judging Moral to Acting Moral: A Relational Motivations Approach to Judging and Practicing Covid-19 Behaviors
Authors: Tepe Beyza , Karakulak Arzu
Published: December 2021

Building on the Relational Motivation Theory, the present research argues that relational motivations (RM) underlie both the regulation and the moral judgment of socially (un)responsive Covid-19 behaviors (e.g., physical distancing) and links these two via moral identity. We hypothesize that different types of socially unresponsive behaviors are judged morally wrong through perceptions of RM violations and that a stronger concern for unity predicts the extent to which individuals self-report to perform socially responsive Covid-19 behaviors. Additionally, the role of moral identity as an individual-level moderator variable linking perceptions about RM violation to the practice of Covid-19 responsible behaviors is explored. The results support the predictions with data collected from participants living in Turkey and the USA. In both cultures, socially unresponsive Covid-19 behaviors of others were judged morally wrong through RMs, plus individuals’ general concern for unity predicted their self-reported socially responsive Covid-19 behaviors. Additionally, for the sample from Turkey, results revealed that the general concern for unity was positively associated with self-reported tendencies to perform Covid-19 socially responsive behaviors only among individuals with a low or moderate moral identity, but not when moral identity was high.
Effect of magnetic lens on the electrospinning whipping instability, fiber diameter and its distribution
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhou Qihong , Wang Jun , Chen Ge
Published: December 2021

Electrospinning is an efficient and straightforward method for producing thin fibers from various materials. Although such thin fibers have diverse potential applications, the remaining problems with electrospinning are the whipping instability (also known as bending instability) of electrically charged liquid jets of polymer nanofibers and uneven fiber diameter distribution. In this study, we report a novel magnetic lens electrospinning system and discuss the principle of reducing the fiber diameter and width of the whipping circle in this electrospinning process. The effects of three types of electrospinning devices, needle-to-plate, needle-exciting coil-to-plate, and needle-magnetic lens-to-plate types, were studied through numerical simulation to analyze the electrospinning fiber collection state. For the 12 wt% polyacrylonitrile solution, when the applied voltage was 14–20 kV, the feed rate was 0.4–0.7 ml/h, and the current applied to the excitation coil or magnetic lens was 1 A, the experimental results demonstrated that, compared with needle-to-plate-type and needle-exciting coil-to-plate-type electrospinning, needle-magnetic lens-to-plate-type electrospinning produced smaller whipping circles with thinner and more uniform fibers.
Interpreting the Inter-Christian Relationship and Dialogue with Monotheistic Religions in the Document For the Life of the World
Authors: Dumitraşcu Nicu
Published: December 2021

In this article I briefly examine chapter 6 of the document For the Life of the World issued by the Ecumenical Patriarchate concerning “ecumenical relations and relations with the other faiths.” In the first part, I discuss the relationship between the Orthodox Church and other Christian denominations, and in the second, the dialogue with Judaism and Islam. The document has an optimistic, inspiring, and hopeful tone, but it will simply remain an idealistic statement without a major echo inside of the Christian world and contemporary society.
For the Life of the World and Orthodox Political Theology
Authors: Hovorun Cyril
Published: December 2021

The article explores the document For the Life of the World: Toward a Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church ( FLW) in the contexts that had instigated its promulgation. It maps this document in the coordinates of the Orthodox political theology during the long twentieth century. FLW corresponds to a line in “the theology of the 1960s,” which advocated for liberal democracy and against anti-Westernism. The article argues that FLW fulfills the unaccomplished mission of the Panorthodox council in producing a comprehensive Orthodox social doctrine. It compares FLW with the social corpus adopted by the Russian Orthodox Church during the 2000s.
For the Life of the World: Toward an Appraisal of Its Use of Scripture
Authors: Clifton Black C.
Published: December 2021

Adopting David Kelsey's study of modern theologians’ uses of Scripture (1975), this article investigates the theoretical basis and practical outcomes for the procedure exemplified in For the Life of the World: Toward a Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church (2020). A consonance of its interpretive postulates and manner of scriptural appeals is demonstrable, coupled with diminished attention to biblical breadth and cogent scriptural warrants.
Christ as the Watermark of Divine Love: Expanding the Boundaries of Eastern Orthodox Ecumenism and Interreligious Encounter
Authors: Gallaher Brandon
Published: December 2021

The article is a personal theological reflection on ecumenism and inter-religious dialogue by one of the commission of drafters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's 2020 social teaching text For the Life of the World: Toward an Orthodox Social Ethos (=FLOW). The text argues that FLOW, despite being innovative for Orthodoxy, needs its boundaries expanded theologically. The section on Christian ecumenism is still quite conservative in character. It acknowledges that the Orthodox Church is committed to ecumenism but it does not explicitly acknowledge the ecclesiality of non-Orthodox churches. The author puts forward a form of qualified ecclesiological exclusivism that affirms that non-Orthodox churches are tacitly Orthodox containing “a grain of Orthodoxy” (Sergii Bulgakov). Strangely, FLOW's section on inter-religious dialogue is much more radical than its section on ecumenism. The author builds theologically on FLOW's positive affirmation of other religions as containing “seeds of the Word”, in particular, Islam containing ‘beauty and spiritual truths' and Judaism as being Orthodoxy’s “elder brother.” The essay ends by sketching a Trinitarian theology of other religions drawing on ideas from Maximus the Confessor, Bulgakov, Hans Urs von Balthasar and Raimundo Panikkar amongst others.
Prevalence and Predictors of PTSD During the Initial Stage of COVID-19 Epidemic among Female College Students in China
Authors: Si Ming-Yu , Su Xiao-You , Jiang Yu , Wang Wen-Jun , Gu Xiao-Fen , Ma Li , Li Jing , Zhang Shao-Kai , Ren Ze-Fang , Liu Yuan-Li , Qiao You-Lin
Published: December 2021

Background

College students are vulnerable and may experience high stress due to COVID-19, especially girls. This study aims to identify posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related factors among the target population during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In the initial phase of COVID-19 epidemic (February 23 to March 5, 2020), 2205 female college students from six provinces in mainland China were enrolled in this study and completed the online survey about the cognitive status of COVID-19, including the Impact of Event Scale-6, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and a self-developed 10-item Perceived threat scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed using SPSS software to explore the determinants of PTSD symptoms.

Results

PTSD symptoms were prevalent in female college students, and 34.20% met the cut-off for PTSD. Self-reported fair or poor health (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.22-2.59), high concern about COVID-19 (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.35-2.03), beliefs that “COVID-19 can cause a global outbreak” (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.56), the perception of “risk of infection” (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 2.16–2.81), beliefs that “closed management” and “COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern” would have an impact, and the fear of “impact on life planning” were all positively associated with PTSD (AOR = 1.37, 1.22, and 1.29, respectively); however, perceived social support from family (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.93) was negatively associated with PTSD. Among the significant variables at the bivariate level, multivariate logistic regression revealed that the greatest protector for PTSD was the high knowledge score (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.90), while had confirmed cases among relatives and friends (AOR = 7.70, 95% CI: 1.28-46.25) was the strongest predictor of PTSD.

Conclusions

In summary, PTSD symptoms were prevalent among female college students in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Targeting vulnerable populations to improve their knowledge about COVID-19 and create an atmosphere of social support would be beneficial. Moreover, the joint efforts from family, school administrators, and policymakers are essential to improve the mental health of the female students during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Community Policing: Misunderstanding and Misapplication Following Police Shootings
Authors: Malay Joshua
Published: December 2021

Prevailing community policing theory identifies the purpose of community policing being to empower state policing not diminish it. This basis identifies a major misconception of those arguing for police defunding, as it fails to address the realities and limitations of street-level bureaucrats in exercising their authority. Misapplying emotional calls for restructuring into perceived democratic control of the bureaucracy. This article explores the inherent problems within community policing and serves to link these problems within a larger discussion of governance and policing, making an argument that the calls for defunding and community policing at best demonstrate misunderstanding and at worst represent a poorly articulated political ploy. In either case, understanding the larger role of how the state legitimates policing identifies an inherent disconnect between policy and implementation. Substantive change in policing must come from changes in the law that provide the staying power for reform to overcome bureaucratic retrenchment to change and in our view of governance, specifically in what should be enforced and the role of government in maintaining order, to ensure that these reflect the realities of policing.
Entering, Staying, Shifting, Leaving, and Sometimes Returning: A Descriptive Analysis of the Career Trajectories of Two Cohorts of Alternatively Certified Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Brantlinger Andrew
Published: December 2021

Background:

By attracting high-achieving college graduates and professional career changers, selective alternative certification programs, such as the New York City Teaching Fellows (NYCTF), promise to address pressing teacher shortages while also improving outcomes in hard-to-staff schools.

Purpose:

Looking at the main patterns in their careers before, during, and after completing NYCTF, the study provides insights into the short- and long-term impacts of mathematics teachers who entered as first- and second-career teachers on NYC public schools and the people in them.

Participants:

The study tracked the career trajectories and decision-making of more than 600 NYCTF mathematics teachers over a 9-year period.

Research design:

The longitudinal analysis of the teachers’ career trajectories is illuminated by descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses of their responses to open-ended survey items.

Results:

The article provides a portrait of urban mathematics teachers’ career decision-making as it unfolds over time. It challenges conventional understandings by demonstrating the stochastic nature of teachers’ career decision-making and, as part of this, consequential amounts of involuntary and midyear turnover. It further shows that, although in many ways similar, the career trajectories of the career changers and recent college graduates differed in key regards.

Recommendations:

On their own, strategies designed to attract high-achieving recent graduates and professional career changers to teach core subjects like mathematics will not solve long-standing teacher turnover and shortage issues in in high-needs urban schools. Districts also should focus on retention strategies, including training and induction tailored to meet the different needs and career goals of first- and second-career teachers.
Nonbinary Beginning Teachers: Gender, Power, and Professionalism in Teacher Education
Authors: Iskander Lee
Published: December 2021

Background/Context:

In recent years, Canadian and U.S. schools have increased efforts to recognize gender diversity and reduce gender-based harassment, in large part because a growing number of young people are coming out as transgender or nonbinary in adolescence. However, little research explores nonbinary teachers’ experiences or investigates barriers to their entry into the profession.

Purpose:

This article begins to fill this gap by showing how six nonbinary beginning teachers navigated gender expectations, worked to appear professional, and negotiated racial and gendered power dynamics in their initial teacher education and preservice teaching.

Participants:

Participants include six nonbinary preservice teachers of diverse gender expression and racial and class backgrounds who were enrolled or had recently completed teacher education in North America when the study was conducted in 2018.

Research Design:

This qualitative study employed in-depth, phenomenological interviews. This article uses Sara Ahmed’s concept of the “willful subject” to consider how participants negotiated the relationship between their gender identities as nonbinary people and their nascent professional identities as teachers.

Conclusion:

These beginning teachers expressed concern about succeeding in their teacher education programs and worried about how others perceived them because of the expectation of normative gender implicit in teaching’s professional norms. This expectation was enforced by the profession’s gatekeepers more than by K–12 students and their families, who participants generally described as hospitable or indifferent to having a nonbinary teacher. If the profession is to genuinely welcome gender diversity, it must recognize and work to deconstruct its own gender normativity.
Delays in Infant Hearing Detection and Intervention During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Commentary
Authors: Jenks Carolyn M. , DeSell Melinda , Walsh Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Early detection and intervention for congenital hearing loss are critical for speech and language development. Newborns should receive hearing screening, diagnosis, and intervention by 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused delays in each step of this process. Increased out‐of‐hospital births and shortages of essential health care services likely reduced the proportion of newborns completing screening. Additional factors have contributed to delayed diagnosis. We estimate that up to 50% of infants born with hearing loss in Maryland in 2021 may be delayed in diagnosis. Hearing loss interventions have been affected due to delayed initiation, reduced availability, and lack of in‐person services. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of congenital hearing loss are likely to have significant effects on individual patients and public health, the full magnitude of which will not be known for years. Opportunities exist for providers to mitigate the negative effects of COVID‐19 on pediatric hearing health care.
Use of long term aprepitant as a treatment for refractory nausea following oesophageal stent insertion – a case report
Authors: Shoulder Richard , Taylor Joseph , Stiel Hilary
Published: December 2021

Background:

Aprepitant, a substance P neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is licenced for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with highly and moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.

Case:

A 33 year-old male with metastatic gastro-oesophageal cancer had multiple admissions for refractory nausea and vomiting following insertion of an oesophageal stent.

Action:

Mechanical issues with the stent, stent removal and central causes were excluded. Multiple anti-emetic agents were trialled in combination and with varying routes of administration without significant symptomatic improvement.

Formulation:

A trial of aprepitant was proposed as an off-licence therapy.

Outcome:

One hundred sixty-five milligrammes of aprepitant was given orally every 3 days and then up titrated to once daily with significant symptomatic improvement enabling the patient to tolerate an oral diet. The patient remained stable at 12 weeks and has been accepted into two clinical trials for potential further cancer treatment.

Lessons:

Aprepitant can be effective in refractory nausea and vomiting outside of emetogenic chemotherapy and safely used as a chronic treatment. The prevalence of refractory nausea and vomiting as a rare adverse outcome post-oesophageal stent insertion should be studied.

What now?

Further research of neurokinin-1 inhibitors for indications other than chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is indicated.