bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of clinical features, EEG and brain imaging findings in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective case series study and review of the literature
Authors: Huang Emily Yixuan , Gao Hongfeng , Zhong Ning
Published: August 2023

Background

Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI-1) autoimmune encephalitis (AE), characterized by rapid decline of memory, seizures, and neuropsychiatric abnormalities, is a rare but devastating disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term sequelae. In this report, we provide a detailed description of clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, imaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) findings, as well as treatment responses of eight patients with anti-LGI-1 AE treated at our center.

Case presentation

At the onset, all eight patients presented with confusion/memory deterioration, seizures (including faciobrachial dystonic seizures or other types of seizure), and behavioral changes such as hallucination, paranoia, and anxiety. Four patients were found with severe hyponatremia. Anti-LGI1 antibodies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum of all patients. For patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures, no discernible scalp EEG change was detected, while EEG recording of patients experiencing other types of seizure showed focal slowing, focal epileptiform discharges, and focal onset seizures. All patients showed abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging signals, mainly involving the mesial temporal lobe and the hippocampus. In addition, one patient also experienced fulminant cerebral edema during the acute phase of the illness. All patients received immunotherapy and anti-seizure medications and achieved good seizure control. Nevertheless, these patients continued to experience cognitive impairment during their long-term follow-ups.

Conclusions

The care of anti-LGI1 AE patients requires rapid evaluation, prompt initiation of immunotherapy, and long-term follow-up. The long-term presence of neurocognitive complications observed in these patients underline the importance of developing reliable biomarkers that can distinguish between different subtypes of this disease with heterogeneous clinico-electrographico-radiological features. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity, in order to facilitate development of more effective treatments for anti-LGI1 AE.
Nicotinamide-based agglomerates of ibuprofen: formulation, solid state characterization and evaluation of tableting performance with in-silico investigation
Authors: Sidwadkar Prerna Hemant , Salunkhe Nitin Hindurao , Mali Kailas Krishnat , Metkari Vijay Bapu , Bidye Durgesh Paresh
Published: August 2023

Background

The objective of the present investigation was to obtain directly compressible agglomerates of ibuprofen with nicotinamide by a quasi-emulsification solvent diffusion technique. Ibuprofen-nicotinamide agglomerates were prepared by quasi-emulsification solvent diffusion technique using ethanol (good solvent), water (poor solvent), and chloroform (bridging liquid). The prepared agglomerates were characterized by ATR-FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy and were evaluated for tableting performance and in vitro drug release. To appropriately identify the hydrogen bonding sites, a thorough understanding of the structures of API and coformer is necessary, hence molecular docking approach was implemented to depict the interaction between the proposed coformer and COX-2 protein (PDB Id:4PH9).

Results

The percent yield of agglomerates was in the range of 85–98 w/w%, and drug content for all batches was in the range of 96–99%. The microphotographs showed irregular circularly shaped agglomerates. ATR-FTIR study showed a strong possibility of hydrogen bonding between ibuprofen and nicotinamide. The crystallinity of ibuprofen was slightly reduced and confirmed by P-XRD and DSC. Crushing strength and friability studies showed good handling qualities of ibuprofen agglomerates. Heckel plot studies showed low mean yield pressure and high tensile strength, indicating excellent compressibility and compactibility of ibuprofen agglomerates. More than 90% drug release was obtained within 60 min in PBS (pH 7.4). The docking studies revealed that nicotinamide individually has –CDOCKER energy 16.8109 where coformer showed 29.0584, which indicates coformer has a better binding affinity to target as compared to nicotinamide individual.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the agglomerates improved the dissolution, tableting performance, and solid-state properties of ibuprofen and hence can be useful to improve the therapeutic performance of ibuprofen.

Graphic Abstract
Mechanisms of probiotic Bacillus against enteric bacterial infections
Authors: Zhu Jiajia , Chen Yunsheng , Imre Kálmán , Arslan-Acaroz Damla , Istanbullugil Fatih Ramazan , Fang Yuwen , Ros Gaspar , Zhu Kui , Acaroz Ulas
Published: August 2023

Gastrointestinal infection is a leading cause of gut diseases attracting global health concerns. The emerging antimicrobial resistance in enteric pathogens drives the search of viable and renewable alternatives to antibiotics for the health of both human beings and animals. Spore-forming probiotic Bacillus have received extensively interests for their multiple health benefits, including the restoration of microbiota dysbiosis and the reduction of drug-resistant pathogens. These promising benefits are mainly attributed to the activity of structurally diverse Bacillus-derived metabolites, such as antibacterial compounds, short-chain fatty acids, and other small molecules. Such metabolites show the capacity to directly target either the individual or community of bacterial pathogens, and to potentiate both host cells and gut microbiota. The better understanding of the mechanisms by which probiotic Bacillus and the metabolites modulate the metabolism of hosts and microbiota will advance the screening and development of probiotic Bacillus. In this review, we discuss the interaction among probiotic Bacillus, microbiota and host, and summarize the Bacillus-derived metabolites that act as key players in such interactions, shedding light on the mechanistic understanding of probiotic Bacillus against enteric bacterial infections.
Bispectral Index Changes Following Boluses of Commonly Used Intravenous Medications During Volatile Anesthesia Identified From Retrospective Data
Authors: Schnetz Michael P. , Reon Brian J. , Ibinson James W. , Kaynar Murat , Mahajan Aman , Vogt Keith M.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although patients are commonly monitored for depth of anesthesia, it is unclear to what extent administration of intravenous anesthetic medications may affect calculated bispectral (BIS) index values under general anesthesia.

METHODS:

In a retrospective analysis of electronic anesthesia records from an academic medical center, we examined BIS index changes associated with 14 different intravenous medications, as administered in routine practice, during volatile-based anesthesia using a novel screening approach. Discrete-time windows were identified in which only a single drug bolus was administered, and subsequent changes in the BIS index, concentration of volatile anesthetic, and arterial pressure were analyzed. Our primary outcome was change in BIS index, following drug administration. Adjusted 95% confidence intervals were compared to predetermined thresholds for clinical significance. Secondary sensitivity analyses examined the same outcomes, with available data separated according to differences in baseline volatile anesthetic concentrations, doses of the administered medications, and length of time window.

RESULTS:

The study cohort was comprised of data from 20,170 distinct cases, 54.7% of patients were men, with a median age of 55. In the primary analysis, ketamine at a median dose of 20 mg was associated with a median (confidence limits) increase in BIS index of 3.8 (2.5–5.0). Midazolam (median dose 2 mg) was associated with a median decrease in BIS index of 3.0 (1.5–4.5). Neither of these drug administrations occurred during time periods associated with changes in volatile anesthetic concentration. Analysis for dexmedetomidine was confounded by concomitant decreases in volatile anesthetic concentration. No other medication analyzed, including propofol and common opioids, was associated with a significant change in BIS index. Secondary analyses revealed that similar BIS index changes occurred when midazolam and ketamine were administered at different volatile anesthetic concentrations and different doses, and these changes persisted 11 to 20 minutes postadministration.

CONCLUSIONS:

Modest, but persistent changes in BIS index occurred following doses of ketamine (increase) and midazolam (decrease) during periods of stable volatile anesthetic administration.
A Nimble Arc
Authors: Boone Emilie
Published: August 2023

While James Van Der Zee is widely known and praised for his studio portraits from the Harlem Renaissance era, much of the diversity and expansive reach of his work has been overlooked. From the major role his studio played for decades photographing ordinary people and events in the Harlem community to the inclusion of his photographs in the landmark Harlem on My Mind exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1969, Van Der Zee was a foundational Black photographer whose work illustrates the shifting ways photography serves as a constitutive force within Black life. In A Nimble Arc, Emilie Boone considers Van Der Zee's photographic work over the course of the twentieth century, showing how it foregrounded aspects of Black daily life in the United States and in the larger African diaspora. Boone argues that Van Der Zee's work exists at the crossroads of art and the vernacular, challenging the distinction between canonical art photographs and the kind of output common to commercial photography studios. Boone's account recasts our understanding not only of this celebrated figure but of photography within the arc of quotidian Black life.
Roadmap for Development of a Strong, Diverse Research Workforce in Neurosurgery
Authors: Hayden Gephart Melanie , Holly Langston T. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Zipfel Gregory J. , Mack William J. , Tennekoon Michael , Korn Stephen
Published: August 2023

A benchmark of success for the neurosurgeon-scientist includes obtaining individual research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Successful roadmaps to this goal highlight diversity, individual commitment and resiliency, innovative research goals, intentional mentoring, protected research time, and financial support. We must equip neurosurgery residents to surmount obstacles such as long periods of training, gaps in research productivity, and limited protected time for research to ensure successful transition to independent research careers. Strong individual, departmental, and national commitment to scientific development of a diverse cohort of residents and junior faculty will increase the number and diversity of National Institutes of Health–funded neurosurgeon-scientists.
Science communication in experimental biology: experiences and recommendations
Authors: Borowiec Brittney G.
Published: August 2023

During the century of Journal of Experimental Biology's existence, science communication has established itself as an interdisciplinary field of theory and practice. Guided by my experiences as a scientist and science writer, I argue that science communication skills are distinct from scientific communication skills and that engaging in science communication is particularly beneficial to early-career researchers; although taking on these dual roles is not without its difficulties, as I discuss in this Perspective. In the hope of encouraging more scientists to become science communicators, I provide: (i) general considerations for scientists looking to engage in science communication (knowing their audience, storytelling, avoiding jargon) and (ii) specific recommendations for crafting effective contributions on social media (content, packaging, engagement), an emerging, accessible and potentially impactful mode of science communication. Effective science communication can boost the work of experimental biologists: it can impact public opinion by incisively describing the consequences of the climate crisis and can raise social acceptance of fundamental research and experiments on animals.
The effect of spatial resolution on deep learning classification of lung cancer histopathology
Authors: Wiebe Mitchell , Haston Christina , Lamey Michael , Narayan Apurva , Rajapakshe Rasika
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The microscopic analysis of biopsied lung nodules represents the gold-standard for definitive diagnosis of lung cancer. Deep learning has achieved pathologist-level classification of non-small cell lung cancer histopathology images at high resolutions (0.5–2 µm/px), and recent studies have revealed tomography–histology relationships at lower spatial resolutions. Thus, we tested whether patterns for histological classification of lung cancer could be detected at spatial resolutions such as those offered by ultra-high-resolution CT.

Methods:

We investigated the performance of a deep convolutional neural network (inception-v3) to classify lung histopathology images at lower spatial resolutions than that of typical pathology. Models were trained on 2167 histopathology slides from The Cancer Genome Atlas to differentiate between lung cancer tissues (adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous-cell carcinoma (LUSC)), and normal dense tissue. Slides were accessed at 2.5 × magnification (4 µm/px) and reduced resolutions of 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 µm/px were simulated by applying digital low-pass filters.

Results:

The classifier achieved area under the curve ≥0.95 for all classes at spatial resolutions of 4–16 µm/px, and area under the curve ≥0.95 for differentiating normal tissue from the two cancer types at 128 µm/px.

Conclusions:

Features for tissue classification by deep learning exist at spatial resolutions below what is typically viewed by pathologists.

Advances in knowledge:

We demonstrated that a deep convolutional network could differentiate normal and cancerous lung tissue at spatial resolutions as low as 128 µm/px and LUAD, LUSC, and normal tissue as low as 16 µm/px. Our data, and results of tomography–histology studies, indicate that these patterns should also be detectable within tomographic data at these resolutions.
O que fazer diante da falta de profissionais qualificados?
Authors: Ferreira Paul , Resende Paulo Tadeu de
Published: August 2023

Este artigo mostra como processos de upskilling e reskilling vêm sendo utilizados no Brasil para lidar com as dificuldades de trabalhadores em encontrar emprego e das empresas em preencher vagas.
A descentralização das finanças
Authors: Rochman Ricardo Ratner
Published: August 2023

O ecossistema decentralized finance vem se sofisticando, oferecendo oportunidades e desafiando instituições financeiras tradicionais e reguladoras.
The importance of teaching climate-health literacy in psychotherapeutic training and continuing education
Authors: Raile Paolo
Published: August 2023

Climate-health literacy is the ability to find, access, understand, interpret, evaluate, and communicate information about the impact of climate change on human health and to make decisions and act accordingly to that information. Climate change affects people's health in numerous ways, both directly and indirectly, e.g., by increasing the risks of cardiovascular disease, infections, depression, anxiety disorders, and trauma. It is important for health professionals to understand the complex interaction between climate change and health. A teaching concept is presented that incorporates the core elements of climate-health literacy.
The strategic concept for the Lithuanian bioeconomy: insights for niche bioenergy sectors
Authors: Vitunskienė Vlada , Aleksandravičienė Akvilė , Čaplikas Jonas , Dapkuvienė Agnė
Published: August 2023

This article describes a strategic concept for the Lithuanian bioeconomy that was developed as a deliverable of the Task 1.5 in the BIOEAST’sUP H2020 project. We aimed to create a conceptual basis for the preparation of a national bioeconomy strategy and/or action plan in order to initiate a deeper discussion about the strategically oriented development of a knowledge-based circular bioeconomy in Lithuania. Our strategic insights are focused on two niche energy sectors like biofuels and biogas. The results of the SWOT analysis reveal that, in Lithuania, a synthesis of the biofuels and biogas sectors' strategic directions is necessary to develop over-arching national bioeconomy-appropriate strategic actions, such as market intervention actions, research, innovation and education actions, as well as governance and policy actions.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКУРС: СТРАТЕГИИ, МАРКЕРЫ И СРЕДСТВА ЭКСПРЕССИВНОСТИ
Authors:   North Caucasus Mining and Metallurgical Institute (State Technological University), LADONINA NATALIA , EREMEEV IGOR ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: August 2023

Монография посвящена коммуникативно-прагматическим характеристикам и средствам экспрессивности современного англоязычного политического дискурса. Рассматриваются коммуникативно-прагматические особенности речи об отставке, особенности реализации стратегии негативной вежливости и речевых актов несогласия, коммуникативные стратегии хеджирования и комплимента, «женское» речевое поведение в рамках категории вежливости, средства реализации коммуникативной стратегии самопрезентации, а также метафора как средство экспрессивности в современном англоязычном политическом дискурсе. Рекомендуется студентам, магистрантам, аспирантам и специалистам, работающим в области коммуникативно-прагматического подхода и теории метафоры.
Recent advances in the treatment of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Bieniasz Jan , Bigos Paula , Dendys Konrad , Kuźnicki Wojciech , Matkowski Igor , Potyrała Piotr
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose:
While irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are common problems in everyday clinical practice, their treatment often remains inefficient. The aim of our work is to present the newest discoveries and research conducted in the topic, while putting special accents on methods available in Poland. We decided to refer to British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines of treatment of IBS and FD as commonly accepted treatment standards in Europe.
Description of the state of knowledge:
Number of patients suffering from IBS and FD remains high. According to current research, there are some new therapeutical options in IBS: fecal microbiota transplant, spinal catepsin S, olorinab and tenapanor. Methods already being in use in other applications such as vitamin D supplementation, losartan and fecal microbiota transplant are also being investigated. Fecal microbiota transplant seems the most promising one. There are no new treatment options in FD, however there are new research on already used rifaximin and prokinetics, which show their efficacy. Intensive research is being conducted on the use of herbal medicines in treatment of FD. Even though some papers prove the effectiveness of acupuncture we have decided to omit this topic due to its controversial nature.
 
Conclusions:
Treatment of IBS and FD remains difficult, there are few advances in that area. Unconventional methods such as herbal medicine and fecal microbiota transplant seem to be gaining in importance.
Pewarisan Trauma dan Konsep Ibu dalam Film Ali & Ratu-Ratu Queens: Analisis Teori Postmemory Marianne Hirsch
Authors: Putra Jalu Norva Illa , Citrawati Ni Putu Evi Wahyu
Published: August 2023

This research will look at the relationship between memory and literature, which is about the process of inheritance of memory. A film entitled Ali and The Ratu-ratu Queens was chosen to be the object of this research, which will look at the relationship between memory, trauma, and the process of inheritance. This study aims to determine the trauma of the other that is passed on to the self, its transmission process and also to identify the reconstruction of the trauma that is owned by the self. This paper will use a perspective of Postmemory theory from Marianne Hirsch. Postmemory is a theory that looks at the process of inheritance of trauma between generations. This theory will look at the process of Ali as second generation inheriting his father’s trauma. Furthermore, the identification that can be obtained is that the loss that Ali feels is the loss of an "ambiguous" mother figure. Ali is looking for the mother he hoped for in the past according to the description given by his father. However, Ali did not find this mother figure as he found another mother figures that had changed due to the social factors she experienced. In the end Ali interprets that mother is not a figure, mother is a feeling of affection and a sense of belonging. Until finally Ali found what he was really looking for, namely a mother who was reflected through his aunts and a mother who represented affection and belonging which also came from the aunts who met Ali in New York.
Reduplikasi Bahasa Dawan: Kajian Morfologis Distribusi
Authors: Rafael Agnes Maria , Helenora Jem Yosefina , Maharani Sang Ayu Isnu
Published: August 2023

This article is intended to investigate the reduplication processes of bahasa Dawan spoken by Dawan people in NTT Province by using the morphological distribution theory proposed by Framton in 2004. To complete the study, a qualitative research method had been chosen based on the consideration that the data were in the form of words. Those data were taken from the utterances spoken in Dawan’s traditional ceremony as the main data source. Besides, Tata Bahasa Dawan book played a role as the secondary data source. The data were collected by observation and studying the document. In observation, the researchers observed and recorded the utterances by using an android, however the document study was done by reading documents about Bahasa Dawan. The study result reveals that in bahasa Dawab there are three processes in reduplication, namely 1) full reduplication without affixation process, 2) full reduplication with affixation process, and 3) partial reduplication.
Reasons, duties, commitments, and love bonds: The lived experiences of grandparents caring for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Panchasilawut Suphaphorn , Sriphetcharawut Sarinya ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Published: August 2023

Background: One of the significant changes in childrearing over the past 20 years was the increasing number of grandparents raising their grandchildren. Being a primary caregiver to help nurture grandchildren is considered a principal occupation for many older adults. Grandparents frequently play a significant role in helping their families care for grandchildren diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. However, little was known about the grandparents of these children in Thailand. Objectives: This phenomenological qualitative research aimed to examine the forms and meanings of grandparenting for grandchildren with autism spectrum disorder aged 2-6 years. Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Seven participants who were grandmothers of children with autism spectrum disorder participated in this study. Data were transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were coded and analyzed using a content analysis method. Data were interpreted using occupational therapy and occupational science notions to address the research questions and discussion. Results: Three main themes were developed. The first theme was reasons for deciding to become a primary caregiver. Because of the participants’ involvement in caring for grandchildren, the families could face this difficult task together, and grandchildren would be effectively raised by grandmothers, receiving the appropriate care. The second theme revealed three forms of grandparenting occupations, which involved time allocation to fit daily demands, adjusting childrearing methods to promote the development of a grandchild, and dealing with grandchildren’s behaviors caused by autism spectrum disorder symptoms. The last theme was the meanings of grandparenthood. Participants addressed what it meant to be grandparents raising grandchildren diagnosed with ASD through their duties and commitments, and love bonds. Conclusion: With a better understanding of how grandparenting occupations were managed and orchestrated to meet the needs of families and grandchildren with ASD, we could see the adaptation process in childrearing methods. Moreover, the findings suggested that engagement in grandparenting occupations was meaningful for the participants in this study.
Health-related quality of life among Thai children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate: a qualitative study
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Wanicharoen Natwipa , Chinchai Supaporn ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Rattakorn Phuanjai ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, Bunrayong Wannipa ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Published: August 2023

Background: Having cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) can be challenging for children and adolescents and appears to impact their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To date, there is limited empirical work in this field, demonstrating a need for further exploration of qualitative research, especially with children and adolescents with CLP in Thailand. Objectives: To explore the HRQoL perceptions of Thai children and adolescents with CLP. Materials and methods: The present study was a qualitative approach. Eight children and adolescents with CLP, ages 9 to 14, were selected at the speech therapy clinic at Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview guideline. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) physical well-being, (2) psycho-emotional well-being, (3) social well-being, and (4) school functioning. Five subthemes further described this experience: communicative competence; teasing or bullying; self-perception and self-esteem; family and friend support; and difficulties in academic performance. Each theme was described with illustrative quotes. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a more thorough picture of HRQoL in children and adolescents with CLP. They have communicative competence, psycho-emotional well-being, social functioning, and school functioning issues rather than significant physical symptoms. Professionals should continue intervening as part of an interdisciplinary strategy to avoid or at least lessen negative effects on these children and adolescents with CLP.
Overall Success Factors Affecting the Performances of Hybrid Cloud ERP: A Case Study of Automobile Industries in Thailand
Authors: Eampoonga Itthiphol , Leelasantitham Adisorn
Published: August 2023

The hybrid cloud ERP system is widely used in automobile companies in Thailand. It is a popular and effective strategic tool that aids in boosting organization’s competitiveness. However, because of their complexity, high risk, high resource requirements, and high investment costs, ERP projects still have a significant failure rate. It is widely acknowledged by academics and practitioners alike to be an extremely challenging endeavour. This study proposes a conceptual paradigm for postmodern ERP implementation across the entire life cycle. Mixed methodologies for this model’s theoretical development included case study observation, literature review, semi-structured interviews with ten IT experts and ERP consultants, and online questionnaires. Based on information gathered from 455 system users from 114 automobile industries sector, it was analysed by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). For data analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) method was employed. Out of the eighteen (18) hypotheses, fifteen (15) were supported by the PLS-SEM results. The conceptual model from the study that was presented can be put to use or helpful in the organization’s management, or project managers can utilize it as a framework and direction for hybrid cloud ERP implementation. The findings of the study can also be used to create a conceptual framework for the actual use of ERP systems for automobile industry, such as the incorporation of blockchain and postmodern ERP systems in many sectors of business. There is discussion of the findings’ implications for practical and research, and potential study areas are proposed.
Refusing Confederation: Indigenous Feminist Performance as a Tool for Colonial Reckoning and Community (Re)Building
Authors: Leddy Lianne C. , Luby Brittany , McLeod Kimberley , Stelter Emma , Anderson Kim
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In 2017, the Kika'ige Historical Society, an Indigenous women's performance troupe based in Guelph, Canada, created Tabling 150 in response to celebrations of Canada's sesquicentennial. Tabling 150 presented an opportunity for Indigenous women to engage in truth-telling amid celebrations of settler-colonial nationalism. By taking on personas of the "Grannies of Confederation," a play on the title of the well-known painting The Fathers of Confederation , the performers participated in Native feminist spatial practice, creating new orders through felt theory, presencing, and enacting refusals within their time and place in the academy. Drawing on interviews with the performers, we examine questions of the felt experience of doing Indigenous artivist resistance. Data from the participant performers was inductively coded, revealing four prominent themes: connecting with ancestors, taking space as resistance, community solidarity and empowerment, and Indigenous women's work in spatial practice while Indigenizing the academy. The analysis revealed that performance is an effective tool for calling out Canada's mistreatment of Indigenous Peoples at Confederation and the social inequities encoded into Canadian law during a period of settler-colonial celebration. The collective act of truth-telling by Indigenous performers strengthened a community through which it became safe to reflect upon and challenge colonial norms.
"Anohebasisiro Nimanibota / We Want to Talk to the Honored One": Timucua Language and its Uses, Silences, and Protests
Authors: Dubcovsky Alejandra , Broadwell George Aaron
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In 1688, five Timucua Native chiefs wrote a brief letter welcoming the new Spanish governor to La Florida, or so the accompanying Spanish translation of the letter suggests. The original Timucua words tell another story. Combining two methodologies, linguistic anthropology and history, we seek to offer more than a new translation of a neglected seventeenth-century Native-language text. First, we examine the ways in which the Timucua letter-writers used their language. We show the select grammatical and rhetorical strategies Timucua writers used to make arguments, communicate displeasure, and express themselves by comparing the 1688 epistle with the only other surviving Timucua letter, written in 1651. Second, we ground the letter in its historical context. Placing the 1688 Timucua epistle alongside other letters and dispatches from the time, we explore the different ways Timucua people made sense of the violence and disruptions affecting their homelands. Centering Timucua words and experiences shows the limits of colonial control and, more importantly, the powerful possibilities afforded by working with Native language texts.
De la medición idealizada de Galileo a la supresión del mundo indígena en Latinoámerica: Tempus de enunciación moderno
Authors: Forero Medina Nelson Camilo
Published: August 2023

Resumen: El presente artículo busca analizar el rol de la medición en la constitución de una nueva conceptualización del tiempo en la modernidad. Esta conceptualización tuvo consecuencias en las sociedades indígenas durante la colonización, pero se hicieron más evidentes durante la constitución de las repúblicas. A estas conceptualizaciones del tiempo, sus usos y consecuencias es lo que se denomina en este artículo "tempus de enunciación". Para ver las implicaciones del tempus moderno se hace una genealogía de este. Asimismo, se muestra en contraposición el tempus de los indígenas Arhuacos (para observar como este último fue ignorado incluso después de la colonia por medio de la creación del nuevo hombre latinoamericano). Para ello se analiza, al final, la obra del pensador peruano José Carlos Mariátegui. De esta manera se puede subrayar la importancia de un nuevo sistema de medición del tiempo en la constitución de la modernidad misma.
Transgresión de lo familiar: La virgen-madre y la (a)sexualidad en La tía Tula
Authors: Lagresa-González Elizabeth S.
Published: August 2023

Resumen: El presente trabajo traza lecturas discordantes sobre cómo interpretar a la protagonista de La tía Tula de Unamuno (1921). Empleando la adaptación fílmica por Picazo (1964) como contrapunto, el ensayo plantea que el foco de mayor tensión, tanto en la novela como en la película, es aquello mismo que supuestamente hace irreconciliable las categorías de virgen y madre que Tula superpone: la sexualidad. Al crear un modelo híbrido de virgen-madre y un espacio anómalo de convento-hogar que desliga la virginidad de su asociación con la iglesia y la mujer solterona, y la maternidad de su asociación con el matrimonio y el sexo, Tula se establece como un ser ambivalente, que puede ser leído a la vez como un prodigio divino o un monstruo inhumano, en su sentido más complejo. La inestabilidad que produce Tula, desplazando y reconciliando sistemas binarios que circunscriben al género femenino, transgrediendo los límites de lo 'natural,' la convierte en una figura subversiva capaz de provocar simultáneamente admiración y repulsión.
Attachment and Responsibility in Rosa Montero's El corazón del tártaro
Authors: Mack Todd
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In her 2001 novel El corazón del Tártaro , Rosa Montero shows how the main character, Zarza, descends into the darkest corner of a metaphorical hell (Tartarus) and the physical and emotional journey she takes to emerge from that inferno. In this article, I use John Bowlby's attachment theory to argue that while the heartless abuse she suffers at the hands of her father and brother leads Zarza to commit her own horrific acts of abuse and betrayal, Zarza's true demise comes as a direct consequence of her breaking bonds of attachment with innocent people for whom she has responsibility. Her subsequent redemption comes as she moves through a therapeutic process that begins with her finding a secure base and then exploring her relationships past and present. The process culminates in Zarza accepting responsibility for her actions and re-imagining and re-building those affectionate bonds.
Error analysis and optimization for a full-Stokes division-of-space polarimeter
Authors: Wang Luo , Zhang Haiyang , Zhao Changming , Luo Pingping
Published: August 2023

A generalized four-channel, full-Stokes division-of-space (DoSP) error propagation model and its version with a reference optical path are presented in this paper, covering all potential error sources such as the main detector noise, intensity fluctuations, and instrument matrix error. Based on the model, a classical division-of-amplitude polarimeter (DoAmP) structure consisting of a partially polarized beam splitter (PPBS), PBS, and wave plates is thoroughly evaluated. By optimizing the PPBS and azimuth of the wave plates, several optimal parameter configurations are identified where the condition number is 1.84, and the maximum wavelength deviation range is limited to (−3.4nm, 3.62 nm), where the degree of polarization and polarized angle errors do not exceed 0.03 and 0.3°, respectively, and the instrument matrix deterioration effect is minimal enough to be disregarded. In addition to the DoAmP structure, this error propagation model can be directly extended to other arbitrary four-channel DoSP structures such as division-of-focal-plane and division-of-aperture systems, which have guidance values for system structural design, error optimization, and discovering multi-wavelength compatibility of the instrument.
Dynamic modulation of electric and magnetic toroidal dipole resonance and light trapping in Si-GSST hybrid metasurfaces
Authors: Wu Xupu , Xu Juanjuan , Yang Liya , Chen Deliang
Published: August 2023

The weak coupling of a toroidal dipole (TD) to an electromagnetic field offers great potential for the advanced design of photonic devices. However, simultaneous excitation of electric toroidal dipoles (ETDs) and magnetic toroidal dipoles (MTDs) is currently difficult to achieve. In this work, we propose a hybrid metasurface based on Si and phase transition material Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST), which is formed by four Si columns surrounding a GSST column and can simultaneously excite two different TD (ETD and MTD) resonances. We also calculated the electric field distribution, magnetic field distribution, and multipole decomposition of the two resonances, and the results show that the two modes are ETD resonance and MTD resonance, respectively. The polarization characteristics of these two modes are also investigated, and the average field enhancement factor (EF) of the two modes is calculated. The dynamic modulation of the relative transmission and EF is also achieved based on the tunable properties of the phase change material GSST. Our work provides a way to realize actively tunable TD optical nanodevices.
MEMS-tunable polarization management in photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Pruessner Marcel W. , Tyndall Nathan F. , Stievater Todd H.
Published: August 2023

Optical fibers are generally polarization-insensitive while photonic integrated circuits (PICs) often exhibit a large polarization dependence due to the high-aspect-ratio and high-index-contrast of integrated waveguides. As PICs become more mature there is an increasing need for tunable polarization management on-chip. Although micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are increasingly finding application in PICs for optical switching and phase shifting, they have so far not found wide application for polarization management. In this work we propose two optical MEMS architectures for polarization management enabling tunable polarization splitting and rotation – key functions so far lacking in PICs. The first structure consists of a directional coupler with a MEMS-tunable gap enabling a continuously-variable polarization splitting ratio. A second architecture consists of a symmetry-breaking MEMS perturber suspended over an air-cladded waveguide enabling tunable polarization rotation. For both architectures we simulate a polarization extinction exceeding 25 dB, and the operating bandwidth can be as large as 100 nm. We conclude with a discussion of actuation schemes and examine fabrication considerations for implementation in PIC foundries.
Efficient compressed sensing reconstruction for 3D fluorescence microscopy using OptoMechanical Modulation Tomography (OMMT) with a 1+2D regularization
Authors: Marelli François , Liebling Michael
Published: August 2023

OptoMechanical Modulation Tomography (OMMT) exploits compressed sensing to reconstruct high resolution microscopy volumes from fewer measurement images compared to exhaustive section sampling in conventional light sheet microscopy. Nevertheless, the volumetric reconstruction process is computationally expensive, making it impractically slow to use on large-size images, and prone to generating visual artefacts. Here, we propose a reconstruction approach that uses a 1+2D Total Variation (TV1+2) regularization that does not generate such artefacts and is amenable to efficient implementation using parallel computing. We evaluate our method for accuracy and scaleability on simulated and experimental data. Using a high quality, but computationally expensive, Plug-and-Play (PnP) method that uses the BM4D denoiser as a benchmark, we observe that our approach offers an advantageous trade-off between speed and accuracy.
Single-photon sources based on incomplete binary-tree multiplexers with optimal structure
Authors: Adam Peter , Mechler Matyas
Published: August 2023

We consider novel types of spatially multiplexed single-photon sources based on output-extended incomplete binary-tree multiplexers containing general asymmetric routers where the construction of the multiplexers takes into account the total transmission efficiencies of the multiplexer arms at which a novel router can be added to the system. After selecting the multiplexer that outperforms the others, we identify the ranges of the loss parameters for which the application of the selected multiplexer leads to single-photon sources with higher single-photon probabilities and lower multiphoton noise than that can be achieved by using asymmetric multiplexers. We show that using the selected multiplexer is especially advantageous in the case of single-mode sources characterized by thermal statistics of the input photon pairs. We also reveal that the application of this multiplexer yields high performance single-photon sources even for suboptimal system sizes that is a typical situation in current experiments.
Programmable-trajectory ultrafast flying focus pulses
Authors: Ambat M. V. , Shaw J. L. , Pigeon J. J. , Miller K. G. , Simpson T. T. , Froula D. H. , Palastro J. P.
Published: August 2023

“Flying focus” techniques produce laser pulses with dynamic focal points that travel distances much greater than a Rayleigh length. The implementation of these techniques in laser-based applications requires the design of optical configurations that can both extend the focal range and structure the radial group delay. This article describes a method for designing optical configurations that produce ultrashort flying focus pulses with programmable-trajectory focal points. The method is illustrated by several examples that employ an axiparabola for extending the focal range and either a reflective echelon or a deformable mirror-spatial light modulator pair for structuring the radial group delay. The latter configuration enables rapid exploration and optimization of flying foci, which could be ideal for experiments.
Frequency comb with a spectral range of 0.4–5.2 µm based on a compact all-fiber laser and LiNbO3 waveguide
Authors: Zhou Lian , Qin Xiong , Di Yuanfeng , Lou Haipeng , Zhang Jianping , Deng Zejiang , Gu Cehnglin , Luo Daping , Li Wenxue
Published: August 2023

This Letter presents a 0.4–5.2-µm frequency comb from a compact laser. We designed an integrated fiber device for a figure-9 laser and constructed an all-fiber laser system. The spectrum of the fiber laser was scaled to the broadband region using a chirped periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. To use this system for gas sensing, a mid-infrared comb with a spectral range of 2.5–5.2 µm and average power of 2.1 mW was divided using an optical filter. The optical part was packaged in a 305 mm × 225 mm × 62 mm box. The comb was stabilized by locking the repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset frequency of the seed source. The system provided an ultrabroadband spectral range from 0.4 to 5.2 µm, which could be applied to spectroscopy, frequency metrology, and optical synthesizers.
Low-loss and power-efficient phase shifter based on an optimized multimode spiral silicon waveguide
Authors: Zhao Shi , Chen Jingye , Dai Daoxin , Shi Yaocheng
Published: August 2023

Low-loss and energy-efficient phase shifters are an effective tool to reduce the power consumption of large-scale photonic integrated circuits. In this work, a low-loss and power-efficient thermo-optic phase shifter has been demonstrated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The multimode spiral waveguide is optimized to obtain lower power consumption and low cross talk. The waveguide width is beyond the single-mode region in consideration of low propagation loss. The optimized ultra-low loss 180° Bezier bends are used to further reduce the bending loss. The experimental results show that the excess loss of the phase shifter is only 0.36 dB at 1550-nm wavelength and the power consumption is 4.87 mW/π.
Quantum correlations of spin-wave-photon pairs produced from an atomic ensemble coupled to a ring cavity
Authors: Wang Hai , jiao haole , Wang Minjie , Lu Jiajin , Fan Wenxin , Yang Zhifang , Xi Mengqi , Li Shujing
Published: August 2023

The quantum interface (QI) that generates non-classically-correlated pairs of spin-wave memories and photons is a building block (node) for DLCZ-like quantum repeater. The cross-correlation function, which characterizes quantum correlation of the pairs, and retrieval efficiency together with lifetime are important figures of merits of QIs. In this presented work, we generate highly retrievable spin-wave-photon pairs via cavity-enhanced DLCZ-like interaction between light and a cloud of cold atoms, where, the intrinsic retrieval efficiency reaches to ~77.1% together with a memory lifetime of 0.65 ms. The cross-correlation functions of the pairs as a function of the storage time and excitation probability are measured, respectively. More important, we develop a theoretical model to describe the measured results in quantity. The theoretical model includes the cavity-enhanced noise coming from the imperfect readouts and is in agreement with the measured dependence of the cross-correlation function on the storage time and excitation probability.
Analyzing the comparative performance of RF photonic transversal signal processors based on microcombs with discrete components versus integrated chips0
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2023

RF photonic transversal signal processors, which combine reconfigurable electrical digital signal processing and high-bandwidth photonic processing, provide a powerful solution for achieving adaptive high-speed information processing. Recent progress in optical microcomb technology provides compelling multi-wavelength sources with compact footprint, yielding a variety of microcomb-based RF photonic transversal signal processors implemented by either discrete or integrated components. Although operating based on the same principle, processors in these two forms exhibit distinct performance. This letter presents a comparative investigation into their performance. First, we compare the performance of state-of-the-art processors, focusing on the processing accuracy. Next, we analyze various factors that contribute to the performance differences, including tap number and imperfect response of experimental components. Finally, we discuss the potential for future improvement. These results provide a comprehensive comparison of microcomb-based RF photonic transversal signal processors implemented using discrete and integrated components and provide insights for their future development.