bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio cuantitativo y molecular de la edad de arribo a la pubertad en la hembra bovina
Authors:   , Bonamy Martín
Published: July 2019

Adelantar los servicios de las vaquillonas, implementando sistemas de entore a 15 meses de edad es una forma de mejorar la productividad de los rodeos de cría. Para lograr un planteo exitoso es necesario que las vaquillonas hayan alcanzado la pubertad antes de iniciar la temporada de servicios donde la genética y la alimentación juegan un papel central. En este trabajo se evaluó el impacto de una recría pastoril en el crecimiento de las vaquillonas y en la proporción de vaquillonas ciclando al momento del servicio. Se encontraron diferencias en la forma de las curvas de crecimiento, con diferencias en las pendientes de las curvas hasta los 289 días de edad y una menor proporción de vaquillonas ciclando, en hembras alimentadas en un sistema de pastoreo controlado con un aumento diario de peso de 0,58 kg/d comparada con una recría ad-libitum. La diferencia en el número de vaquillonas ciclando podría originarse en restricciones puntuales de la alimentación durante la recría. En otro ensayo se encontró, mediante el uso de modelos de supervivencia, un mayor riesgo de pubertad asociado al genotipo TT del marcador IGF-SnaBI, si bien el efecto más importante como factor de riesgo asociado a la pubertad resultó el peso. Por último, se determinó la correlación genética entre la precocidad sexual en hembras, medida a través de la edad al primer parto (EPP) y fecha de primer parto (FPP), con la circunferencia escrotal (CE) medida a diferentes edades en un rodeo comercial. La correlación genética entre EPP y CE resultó mayor a edades de medición más temprana, constituyendo un carácter para seleccionar a los machos y mejorar la precocidad sexual en las hembras. Por otra parte, EPP permitiría a través de una mayor heredabilidad un progreso genético más rápido respecto a FPP.
El liberalismo hispánico y la cultura política en el proceso revolucionario rioplatense (1801-1814)
Authors:   , Lafit Facundo Carlos Esteban
Published: July 2019

Buscamos con la presente tesis realizar un aporte al estudio de la cultura política rioplatense en el tránsito entre el antiguo régimen y la república, presentando una lectura crítica de la relación entre el liberalismo hispánico y los grupos dirigentes del proceso revolucionario rioplatense, que contribuya a la profundización de una dimensión trabajada parcialmente, o realizada desde enfoques tradicionales que partían de la idea de “copia” o de “influencias”. La tesis busca indagar en la recepción, apropiación, recorte y selección el pensamiento reformista ilustrado y, posteriormente, de la matriz liberal peninsularal calor de la crisis política imperial abierta con las abdicaciones de Bayona y la guerra contra la ocupación francesa. Esta elección no implica desconocer otras importantes fuentes de inspiración doctrinaria, o las significativas conexiones con otras experiencias políticas “modélicas” como la francesa, británica o norteamericana, en algunos aspectos hasta más determinantes, pero sí conlleva que éstas sean ubicadas en un segundo plano en el análisis, priorizando dar cuenta de las relaciones al interior del universo hispánico. La tesishace foco en la dinámica política de las elites de Buenos Aires, y en menor medida de Montevideo, sin pretender abarcar el conjunto del virreinato ni tampoco al mundo social extra-élite, aunque en muchos casos, tanto las provincias del interior, como los sectores subalternos, irrumpen necesariamente en el desarrollo narrativo y analítico.Temporalmente, nuestra investigación se centra entre los años 1801-1814, donde se puede observar no solo el contacto de la elite letrada rioplatense con el reformismo ilustrado hispánico, sino dar cuenta también del proceso de politización y radicalización que se irá operando en ella, hasta llegar al período revolucionario propiamente dicho (1808-1814), donde será verificable la articulación de la intelectualidad revolucionaria criolla en redes asociativas, desplegando una actividad política intensa, a través de la prensa, el catecismo político, la movilización, etc. La aparición de El Telégrafo Mercantil, y las transformaciones que este medio produce en el espacio rioplatense, son tomadas como punto de partida para la periodización. El corte en 1814 lo definimos a partir dela reimplantación del absolutismo en la península con la vuelta de Fernando VII y la creación del Directorio en el Río de la Plata, con una impronta más conservadora del gobierno de allí en adelante. Por otro lado, se indaga también en el recorrido previo de algunos de los referentes, para observar sus primeros acercamientos y formación en la denominada ilustración católica, así como también el contacto con las obras de los pensadores iluministas europeos que comienzan a circular en el nuevo mundo en el último cuarto del siglo XVIII.
Dispersión inelástica profunda y estructura hadrónica desde la teoría de cuerdas
Authors:   , Kovensky Nicolás
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo estudiamos procesos de dispersión de altas energías en teorías de Yang-Mills conﬁnantes en el régimen de acoplamiento fuerte. Para esto, la herramienta principal está dada por la dualidad AdS/CFT, propuesta por Maldacena, que relaciona los observables de la teoría de campos con los de la teoría de supercuerdas en un fondo asintóticamente anti-de Sitter. Nos concentramos en particular en procesos de dispersión inelástica profunda (DIS), que permiten analizar la estructura interna de los blancos hadrónicos en términos de las funciones de estructura. Para esto, tomamos como punto de partida el modelo construido por Polchinski y Strassler, que analiza el caso de blancos escalares tipo glueball en teorías similares a N = 4 SYM en el ultravioleta. El objetivo de la tesis consiste en extender el modelo orginal del DIS holográﬁco para aplicarlo en situaciones más realistas. Para esto, consideramos distintos modelos de Dp-branas con una menor cantidad de supersimetrías que incluyen materia en la representación fundamental del grupo de gauge, permitiendo describir el DIS para blancos mesónicos escalares y vectoriales en términos de la supergravedad. Luego, extendemos esta descripción al régimen en el que es necesario considerar la teoría de cuerdas completa. Estudiamos también las correcciones no planares, intepretadas como correcciones cuánticas en el proceso dual en el interior del AdS. En este contexto estudiamos la no conmutatividad de los límites N →∞y q >> Λ, donde N es el número de colores, q es la virtualidad del fotón absorbido por el hadrón y Λ es la escala IR asociada al fenómeno de conﬁnamiento de color. Finalmente, analizamos las posibles contribuciones a las funciones de estructura antisimétricas y a las que violan la invariancia ante paridad, y aplicamos las técnicas desarrolladas al estudio de los blancos fermiónicos de espín 1/2. Finalmente, en todos los casos realizamos comparaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas con la fenomenología disponible: los resultados experimentales y los resutlados de las simulaciones de lattice QCD.
Calidad poscosecha de naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam) y alternativas tecnológicas para retrasar el deterioro
Authors:   , Andrade Cuvi María José
Published: July 2019

La naranjilla es una fruta exótica originaria de los sotobosques subtropicales de los Andes de Ecuador; crece principalmente en los flancos de la cordillera andina en sitios con buena humedad; y de gran importancia económica para el Ecuador. Durante la maduración pierde el color verde y gana tonalidades amarillo-naranja-rojo. Es climatérica, con buena acidez, sensible al daño por frío a temperaturas <7 °C y con baja vida útil poscosecha, lo que genera cuantiosas pérdidas al sector productivo. Generalmente, se la consume en fresco o es utilizada para la elaboración de refrescos, helados, dulces y gelatinas. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la calidad poscosecha de naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam) y alternativas tecnológicas para retrasar su deterioro. También, elaborar un producto panificado enriquecido con naranjilla.
Viaje y extranjería en la obra de Juan José Saer
Authors:   , Maranguello Carolina
Published: July 2019

La tesis busca reponer el viaje y la extranjería como instancias fundamentales de la obra saeriana en tanto contribuyen a complejizar la modulación de su figura de escritor, impactan sustancialmente en su escritura (que se modifica en relación a su experiencia del extranjero, y a la copiosa y heteróclita “biblioteca viajera” que el escritor lee desde sus inicios) y, de manera complementaria, permiten comprender la “zona” en función de los disímiles desplazamientos, exploraciones, exilios y regresos que hacen posible su (contingente) permanencia. La primera parte de la investigación está centrada en los modos de autofiguración de Saer en Francia a partir de su proyección en otros escritores viajeros −Darío y Gombrowicz fundamentalmente−; así como en las ficciones y ensayos escritos en el extranjero en los que desarticula nociones como “patria” y “exilio”. La segunda parte revisa de qué desplazamientos está hecha la “zona”: los viajes de la conquista; los viajes de exploración naturalista y de explotación económica (se lee aquí la obra saeriana en relación a las alternativas políticas, espaciales y estéticas del desierto del siglo XIX) y los desplazamientos urbanos en la ciudad de los sesenta. Finalmente, se indaga cómo Saer desarticula el tópico del regreso a partir de autofiguraciones y proyecciones singulares y “anacrónicas” (el topógrafo, el naturalista, entre otras) y se revisan las variantes genéricas que asume el corpus del retorno en su obra, así como las nuevas filiaciones que establece Saer con otros viajeros (fundamentalmente William Henry Hudson).
Case Study
Authors: Short Christina , Martin Barbara N.
Published: July 2019

This case study was intended to explore the premise that the perceptions of the stakeholders regarding inclusion should enhance the implementation of the process in a k-12 rural setting. Therefore, rural high school students’ and rural general education and special education teachers’ perceptions of inclusion provided the primary focus of this case study. Data analysis identified that while overall general education teachers supported the idea of inclusion they did not believe that they were trained. Additionally, the students supported the concept of inclusion when they were allowed choice in which classroom they were placed and if the teacher allowed choice in classroom activities. Also the classroom size was identified by all stakeholders as an issue by being affected negatively by the addition of more students being placed in inclusive classrooms. Implications for the teacher training, and the allocation of resources in rural settings are significant.
Middle Level Education in Rural Communities
Authors: Thomas Douglas D.
Published: July 2019

Middle level teachers and administrators working in small or rural schools often face unique obstacles in implementing recommended middle level practices. From sharing staff and schedules with other school sites, to inappropriate instructional techniques, to a general lack of understanding of the middle level philosophy, these obstacles can be a source of frustration for school leaders and hinder school improvement initiatives. A better understanding of these issues and the discussion of potential solutions will benefit teachers,  administrators, and policy makers in improving middle level education in rural communities. By building on the positive characteristics found in rural and smaller schools, as well as identifying and addressing the obstacles encountered at smaller schools, middle level leaders can create and maintain distinctive and effective programs for their students.
Examining the Academic and Personal-Social Experiences of Latina/o Children in Southeastern U.S. Rural, Burgeoning Latino Communities
Authors: Villalba José A. , Brunelli Maria , Lewis Lucy , Wachter Carrie
Published: July 2019

Between the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census several Southeastern states, largely void of a permanent Latino population prior to 1990, witnessed significantly large increases in the number of Latina/o residents, particularly in rural communities. This study was designed to ascertain the impressions of non-Latina/o teachers and school counselors working with Latina/o youngsters in elementary school settings in these communities through the use of focus group methodologies. Four general themes were identified using the Consensual Qualitative Research method of analysis: (I) Academic factors affecting Latina/o children in burgeoning communities; (II) School interventions used for addressing academic factors; (III) Latina/o children and family characteristics in burgeoning communities; and (IV) personal-socialeconomic factors impacting Latina/o children in burgeoning communities.
Rural Community Input to School District Strategic Planning
Authors: Winand Brent L. , Edlefson Carla
Published: July 2019

A rural superintendent used action research principles in conducting a series of focus groups with community members, students, and staff. The focus group data informed strategic planning. At the end of a carefully designed process, district administrators found more agreement among residents than they had expected. Community members were grateful for the opportunity to participate, and the district’s strategic plan contained important goals that would not have been recognized without community input. Administrators believed conducting the focus groups themselves brought more benefit than if they had hired a consultant, because of the interaction with community members. The result was a model that could be used by other rural superintendents.
Unique Rural District Politics
Authors: Farmer Tod Allen
Published: July 2019

The politics of rural educational leadership are both intense and concentrated. Rural educational leaders need to be savvy and politically skilled if they are to inspire educational stakeholders and accomplish organizational objectives. The local school system is an organization with a political culture that can be characterized as a competitive environment in which various groups from both within and without are competing for power and limited resources. Local school systems are entrusted with both children and tax dollars, two precious resources. Coupled with such entrustment is political input from all points within the political continuum. Schools and politics are inseparable.
Helping Children with Emotional Difficulties
Authors: Pearce Lee R.
Published: July 2019

This article describes a Response to Intervention (RTI) model of service delivery implemented within a rural elementary school for students in kindergarten through fifth grade experiencing significant emotional and behavioral difficulties. A multi-tiered model is presented that includes school wide interventions in Tier 1, as well as a six separate interventions applied within Tier 2 and Tier 3. These included applied behavioral analysis, social skills training, counseling,  differentiated instruction, cognitive behavioral interventions and parent involvement designed to assist identified students with improving prosocial skills. Nine children were treated within this program model over a two year period, resulting in two students being placed in special education under the category of emotional disturbance by the project’s termination. Positive and negative aspects of the project’s implementation are reviewed, along with directions for future research.
Rural School Principals’ Perception of the School Counselor's Role
Authors: Bardhoshi Gerta , Duncan Kelly
Published: July 2019

Responding to the lack of clarity related to the defined role of the school counselor, the authors investigated school principals (n = 538), in a rural Midwest state, and their perceptions of the role of the school counselor. The survey utilized was developed based on professional standards of service delivery for professional school counselors as identified by the American School Counselor Association and a listing of identified appropriate and inappropriate school counselor tasks. Results indicate that school principals see responsive service provision as an essential task of the school counselor. School principals also perceive a number of ASCA identified inappropriate tasks as being important. Recommendations are made to further enhance school principals' understanding of the appropriate role of the school counselor.
Creating Highly Qualified Teachers
Authors: Mollenkopf Dawn L.
Published: July 2019

The “highly qualified teacher” requirement of No Child Left Behind has put pressure on rural school districts to recruit and retain highly qualified regular and special education teachers. If necessary, they may utilize uncertified, rural teachers with provisional certification; however, these teachers may find completing the necessary certification difficult due to time, distance, and geographic barriers. The University of Nebraska at Kearney has been able to address this need by: (1) creating access to the university’s certification program, (2) providing professional supports, (3) tailoring assignments, projects, and field based practicum experiences and (4) building capacity for rural teachers who have completed certification to mentor others in their regions.
The Perceptions of Math and Math Education in Midville, Illinois
Authors: Lucas David M. , Fugitt Jamie
Published: July 2019

By means of a qualitative research method known as folknography, a concerted effort was made to discern perceptions of math and math education in the rural Midwest. A community that will be referred to as Midville, located in the state of Illinois, was chosen as the target population for this study. The community and surrounding region stands over one hundred miles from the nearest metro complex. The study was conducted in May of 2006. After completion of the initial field work, data were collected, analyzed, and summarized, producing this document.
Picturing Rural America
Authors: Eppley Karen
Published: July 2019

A quiet but persistent dialog about the importance of place is happening in educational research. This study contributes to that conversation by offering a critical analysis of how picture books show a “placed,” rural America. To increase understanding of the social constructions of rurality, 24 picture books were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to determine how contemporary rural life is represented in picture books for children. Results indicated images falling into six categories: Rural people are self-reliant; rural people are connected; rural people are satisfied and happy; rural people are diverse; rural areas are expendable and, rural people are ‘Other’.
The State of Education in Alabama’s K-12 Rural Public Schools
Authors: Lindahl Ronald A.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare Alabama’s rural school districts with its city, suburban, and town districts. Descriptive statistics were used for this population study, with effect sizes calculated using Cohen’s d. Findings indicated Alabama’s rural school districts serve slightly less affluent student populations, with a lower percentage of minority students, than their counterparts. They are funded at slightly lower levels than their counterparts in other categories, yet spend approximately the same percentage of their budgets on administration and on instruction. They spend a considerably higher percentage on transportation. Although rural district dropout rates are similar to those of their counterparts, from the third to the eleventh grade, student performance on standardized examinations falls gradually behind that of the students in other locale categories.
The Four-Day School Week
Authors: Hewitt Paul M. , Denny George S.
Published: July 2019

Although the four-day school week originated in 1936, it was not widely implemented until 1973 when there was a need to conserve energy and reduce operating costs. This study investigated how achievement tests scores of schools with a four-day school week compared with schools with a traditional five-day school week. The study focused on student performance in Colorado where 62 school districts operated a four-day school week. The results of the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) were utilized to examine student performance in reading, writing, and mathematics in grades 3 through 10. While the mean test scores for five-day week schools exceeded those of four-day week schools in 11 of the 12 test comparisons, the differences were slight, with only one area revealing a statistically significant difference. This study concludes that decisions to change to the four-day week should be for reasons other than student academic performance.
Superintendent Perspectives of Financial Survival Strategies in Small School Districts
Authors: Abshier William Cody , Harris Sandra , Hopson Michael
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this qualitative, narrative study was to investigate the perceptions of successful small-school superintendents in regard to maintaining or improving district efficiency and financial status. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with seven purposefully selected small-school superintendents. Findings suggest that in their efforts to increase revenues, these superintendents are seeking to understand and to navigate the state’s funding system to its maximum potential and to the greatest benefit for their districts. They are looking outside their districts for expert advice in their efforts toward improved revenue projection. Additionally, they are accepting out-of-district transfer students to generate revenue. Other areas of improved efficiency include personnel considerations, reducing district expenditures through purchasing and energy use.
The Power of the Symposium: Impacts from Students' Perspectives
Authors: Vanek Diana , Marra Nancy , Hester Carolyn , Ware Desirae , Holian Andrij , Ward Tony , Knuth Randy , Adams Earle
Published: July 2019

The Air Toxics under the Big Sky program developed at the University of Montana is a regional outreach and education initiative that offers a yearlong exploration of air quality and its relation to respiratory health. The program was designed to connect university staff and resources with rural schools enabling students to learn and apply science process skills through self-designed research projects conducted within their communities. As part of the program, students develop and conduct independent projects, then share their findings at the conclusion of the school year in some type of interactive capstone experience, the most prominent being a high school symposium held at The University of Montana campus. Student feedback collected through a carefully controlled evaluation program suggest that the annual symposium as the culminating event is a critical component of the Air Toxics Under the Big Sky program, and a valuable learning experience as many of the students go on to post-secondary education.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank all the students who have participated in the Air Toxics Under the Big Sky Program, with our special gratitude toward the many dedicated teachers who have made its implementation so successful and rewarding. Funding for this project was provided by the Toyota USA Foundation and by a Science Education Partnership Award, Grant Number R25 RR020432, from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the officials views of our funding sponsors.
Describing Connections between Science Content and Future Careers: Implementing Texas Curriculum for Rural At-Risk High School Students Using Purposefully-Designed Field Trips
Authors: Hutson Tommye , Cooper Susan , Talbot Tony
Published: July 2019

The state of Texas has an ‘essential knowledge’ component in some high school science courses indicating that students be able to describe connections between academic science content and future jobs or training through effective exposure to course content. The participants in this study were from a small rural high school in central Texas. Each was labeled as ‘at-risk’ and self-identified an inability to describe those types of connections after earning credit in more than one science course with that ‘essential knowledge’ component. A career-focused field trip to a local vocational/technology training center was designed to address that particular deficit. This study followed a narrative multiple-case case study design. Data included school records, surveys, individual and focus group interviews, and field notes from observations during the field trip. The effectiveness of the field trip was evident as each participant was able to describe connections immediately following the excursion.
Developing a Rural Teacher Education Curriculum Package
Authors: White Simone , Kline Jodie
Published: July 2019

This paper documents the development of a new website (www.rrrtec.net.au) specifically designed to better equip teacher educators to prepare graduates to teach in rural and regional communities. The two year study (2009-2011) that informed the website’s creation included three data sources: A literature review of research into rural teacher education, a survey of pre-service students who had completed a rural practicum and interviews with teacher educators about the current strategies they used to raise awareness and understanding of the needs of rural students, their families, and communities. An analysis of the data revealed that teacher educators need to focus more on developing graduates to be not only ‘classroom ready’ but also ‘school and community ready’. This analysis provided the framework for the creation of a set of curriculum modules and resources including journal articles, film clips, websites and books that teacher educators could readily and publicly access and use in their own classroom teaching.
AcknowledgmentsThe RRRTEC project has been supported by the Australian Teaching and Learning Council (ALTC).The RRRTEC TeamThe RRRTEC project team consisted of Professor Simone White (Monash University), Dr Jodie Kline as Research Fellow (Deakin University), Dr Wendy Hastings (Charles Sturt University) and Dr Graeme Lock (Edith Cowan University). The RRRTEC curriculum writing team consisted of Professor Simone White (Monash University), Dr Wendy Hastings (Charles Sturt University), Dr Elaine Sharplin (University of Western Australia), Dr Pauline Taylor (James Cook University) and Dr Jan Page (Charles Sturt University).
How Do We Get Them on the Farm? Efforts to Improve Rural Teacher Recruitment and Retention in Arkansas
Authors: Maranto Robert
Published: July 2019

Rural schools, particularly high poverty rural schools, often have difficulty hiring and retaining qualified teachers. Here, we discuss three programs the Arkansas Department of Education has used to attract teachers to teacher Geographic Shortage Districts (GSDs) through material incentives. Unfortunately, none of the programs have had much success, perhaps in part since the funding offered was inadequate to attract new teachers to isolated communities. Additionally, we analyze the use of materialistic and non-materialistic incentives on the websites of all school districts designated as GSDs by the Arkansas Department of Education. Few GSDs display non-materialistic appeals that might entice individuals to seek out employment in the district, with the notable exception of KIPP Delta, the only charter school on the list, which has much more success recruiting teachers. We end with suggestions for policymakers and school district officials seeking to attract teachers to geographic shortage areas.
Using GIS to Teach Placed-Based Mathematics in Rural Classrooms
Authors: Leonard Jacqueline , Russell Nicole M. , Hobbs Robert M. , Buchanan Heather
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to promote the use of GIS and place-based education (PBE) in rural mathematics classrooms. The pedagogy of place is disappearing from rural communities because of declining enrollments, lack of support, and federal mandates to focus more on basic academic skills. However, PBE does not stand in opposition to standards-based instruction and academic achievement; rather, it enhances instructional strategies for getting at these aims. We present examples of place that can be used to engage rural students in meaningful mathematics activities to improve their content knowledge and problem-solving ability. Barriers exist to full implementation of this work. Yet, we offer a vision of what is possible through the use of technological tools like GIS for teachers who teach in rural communities. Additional studies regarding the effect of using GIS are needed to bring the vision of situated place-based education closer to fruition.
Perspectives of a Rural Music Educator: A Narrative Journey Through 'Sense of Place'
Authors: Spring Janet
Published: July 2019

There is a scarcity of research in contemporary rural studies in Canada, particularly pertaining to education. Discrepancies exist in definitions of rural and rurality. What is the meaning of rural, and how do educators define their teaching praxes? This study explores how one music teacher negotiates her role identity in a rural setting through the conceptual framework of sense of place, and how ‘place’ influences her education praxis. Grounded in the narrative methodological perspectives of Connelly and Clandinin (2006), this study investigates the lived experiences of one educator from a place-based lens. Findings indicate that a place-based curriculum may highlight positive aspects of rural areas, address shortcomings, and encourage rural youth to return to their rural roots.
Supervision Experiences of Rural School Counselors
Authors: Wilson Tara A. , Schaeffer Susan , Bruce Mary Alice
Published: July 2019

This qualitative study explored the needs of professional school counselors and school counselor interns located in rural areas with regard to clinical supervision, consultation, and professional growth.  Four separate focus groups (n=21) were conducted.  To allow for consistency across focus groups, a series of six structured interview questions were used.  Results of the data analysis revealed six themes which included unique issues of rural school counselors, dynamics of rural living, supervision from school administrators, supporting development through technology, desire for increased connection through supervision, and the identification of roles and responsibilities.  Implications of this study indicate a crucial need to increase supervision training opportunities for current school counselors and interns.  Technology and active participation with professional organizations may provide a platform for rural school counselors to receive supervision training and offer increased professional connection to solidify their counseling identity.
Developing Leadership Capacity in New Rural School District Leaders: The Kansas Educational Leadership Institute
Authors: Augustine-Shaw Donna
Published: July 2019

Understanding the context of rural school settings is critical to beginning school district leaders.  Rural communities present multifaceted challenges that leaders must embrace as diverse community expectations unfold.  The majority of Kansas school districts are in rural settings.  Mentoring and induction shapes the experiences encountered during the first year of practice.  The Kansas Educational Leadership Institute provides high quality mentoring and induction for new superintendents and principals in Kansas.  Mentoring and induction provided by veteran superintendents familiar with leadership complexities in rural communities is offered through on-site visits.  In addition, new superintendents participate in activities focused on building capacity through regional cohort networks, attendance at professional organization and state meetings, and in professional learning seminars.  The rural superintendent wears many hats in serving their local district. Professional learning opportunities that provide leaders with strategies to focus on achievement, plan for change, and build leadership capacity in rural environments are critical for success.
Front Matter
Authors: Franz Dana Pomykal
Published: July 2019

Includes cover page, table of content, and letter from the editor, plus a call to action and rural education research agenda from the NREA.
Does Rural Differ? Comparing Parent and Student Reasons for Choosing Cyber Schooling
Authors: Beck Dennis , Maranto Robert , Shakeel M. Danish
Published: July 2019

Cyber-schooling offers potentially greater benefits for rural than urban students, by providing a broader range of courses, ending long commutes, and offering more developed special education services than typically found in rural public schools. We survey students (n=269, 53.7% response rate) and parents (232, 48.7%) at a cyber-charter school dubbed SunTech, to test whether rural subjects choose cyber schooling for distinct reasons. Factor analyses and OLS regressions indicate that rural parents are more apt to choose SunTech for structural reasons such as its broader range of classes and to avoid long commutes to school. In contrast, students were more likely to rank curricular reasons as driving their decision to choose SunTech. Rural status did not affect how either students or parents graded the school (A-F).
Choice, Cyber Charter Schools, and the Educational Marketplace for Rural School Districts
Authors: Mann Bryan , Kotok Stephen , Frankenberg Erica , Fuller Ed , Schafft Kai
Published: July 2019

Pennsylvania is a state with significant proportions of students who attend rural schools, as well as students who attend charter schools. This study examines enrollment patterns of students in brick and mortar and cyber charter schools in Pennsylvania and how these enrollment patterns differ across geographic locale. We analyze student-level enrollment data, controlling for demographic characteristics, and find that, in contrast to brick and mortar schools, cyber charter schools attract students from a variety of locales across the urban-rural continuum. However, rural students exhibit the greatest likelihood of attending cyber charter schools. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to educational equity, cyber charter school underperformance, and the fiscal impacts of charter schools on the budgets of small school districts.
El contexto actual de la educación
Authors: Bolis Gian Battista
Published: July 2019

El presente texto nos acercará al contexto actual de la educación en el campo de la alfabetización, instrucción y educación. El autor afirmará que la actual coyuntura puede ser aprovechada seriamente solo si, paralelamente a los esfuerzos dirigidos a mejorar los niveles de aprendizaje de la población, se inicia y profundiza un serio debate sobre la función de la educación y sus condiciones de éxito profundo y duradero. A su vez, considerará importante las propuestas que sobre la educación ha elaborado Luigi Giussani.
La Biblia en Perú
Authors: Benito Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: July 2019

Este artículo es fruto de unas reflexiones compartidas en el seminario taller de investigación que anualmente organiza la Comisión Nacional de Pastoral Bíblica e Indígena en unión de diversos grupos como La Casa de la Biblia. El objetivo es brindar algunas realidades de la Biblia en el Perú. Consciente de la provisionalidad y parcialidad de los resultados, el autor agradece cuantos aportes se proporcionen con el fin de conocer más íntegra y profundamente la historia de la presencia de la Sagrada Escritura en la sociedad peruana.
Formación del léxico popular limeño: recursos fonéticos, morfológicos y semánticos
Authors: Portilla Durand Luisa
Published: July 2019

Este estudio presenta palabras y acepciones que han sido recogidas de diarios limeños (Ajá, Correo, El Bócon, El Comercio, El Popular, La República, Líbero y Ojo) entre los meses de abril y junio del 2006. Se trata de una muestra de casos en los que se observan los procesos a través de los cuales se forma el léxico popular limeño, repertorio de voces que se pone de manifiesto, en mayor o menor proporción, en los diarios a los que accede la población limeña. Como se observará en el presente estudio, cada palabra o frase presentada, además de ir acompañada de la definición correspondiente, se agrupa dentro de un determinado proceso fonético, morfológico o semántico, el cual ha servido de base para su formación.
Actualidad de las Bucólicas y Geórgicas de Virgilio
Authors: Gatti Carlos
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo el autor analiza la actualidad de la obra de Virgilio para el lector de hoy. Se centra en las Bucólicas y las Geórgicas, poemas que son resultado de un verdadero proceso educativo del poeta latino. En estas obras, Virgilio representa la complejidad de la vida en el mundo ideal de los pastores, y muestra al hombre que no se limita a aprovechar lo que la naturaleza ofrece o lo que la casualidad trae consigo, sino que actúa y produce. Virgilio recuerda, en ese sentido, una labor del ser humano que exige armonía y paz, con la naturaleza y con el prójimo.
Un complejo de almacenamiento del periodo inca en Pachacamac
Authors: Eeckhout Peter , Luján Dávila Milton
Published: July 2019

Los Incas desarrollaron una política económica basada en el control de recursos y fuerza de trabajo en las diferentes partes de su territorio. Esto se nota por la presencia de los famosos tambos y centros administrativos, así como las transformaciones impuestas en sitios existentes. Estas tres categorías de asentamientos presentan una serie de rasgos directamente relacionados con la economía y la logística imperial. Entre estos rasgos figuran los depósitos, la presencia de funcionarios oficiales y los accesos al sistema vial (el famoso Qapaq Ñan). Curiosamente, no hay —hasta la fecha— evidencia arqueológica precisa ni investigación específicamente dedicada al papel económico del sitio de Pachacamac bajo el Incanato. En el marco de este ensayo, proponemos contribuir a llenar este vacío gracias a los datos obtenidos durante las dos últimas temporadas de excavaciones del proyecto Ychsma. Luego de una breve presentación del sitio y de sus componentes mayores, veremos cuáles son los edificios y sectores relacionados con la economía inca y nos enfocaremos sobre uno de ellos, llamado Edificio E8. El relato descriptivo de las excavaciones llevadas en este conjunto y los hallazgos que se encontraron servirán de base para la discusión.
El emprendimiento femenino
Authors: Muñoz Marticorena William , Velásquez Rodríguez Norma
Published: July 2019

La participación de las mujeres en el mundo de las empresas se vuelve cada vez más relevante. Sin embargo, existe literatura que evidencia ciertos aspectos que favorecen o limitan este emprendimiento. En algunos casos corresponden a factores formales como la financiación, las políticas de apoyo y la formación, los que podrían explicar determinado desempeño; en otros, son factores informales como la percepción de habilidades, las redes sociales y el rol familiar los que explicarían el logro o fracaso. En este sentido, se pretende revisar estas condiciones en la realidad nacional a la luz de dos casos: Dina Paucar y Alejandrina Diestra.
Carlos Gatti Murriel
Authors: Wiesse Rebagliati Jorge
Published: July 2019

El presente ensayo plantea la importancia de la experiencia docente, en el testimonio de vida de Carlos Gatti Murriel, como guía para la formación integral de los jóvenes universitarios y para el soporte de una vida académica a la que debe aspirar toda universidad. Para tal efecto, se consideran dos factores determinantes y trascendentes que caracterizan la vida de Carlos Gatti Murriel. Por un lado, su sapiencia producto de los años de estudio, de su encuentro con los Clásicos, y de la convivencia con grandes maestros de las letras; y, por otro lado, su calidad humana —reflejada en su capacidad de acogimiento— la cual ha sido fundamental y contundente para asumir la ardua tarea de todo educador: humanizar al hombre.

Primeramente, se recoge la riqueza de su enseñanza en la Facultad de Letras de la Católica y en el Instituto Riva-Agüero, para cuyos alumnos el encuentro con Gatti significó la experiencia raigal de lo que era una universidad. Luego, se valora su vinculación con la música, sus dones musicales los aplica tanto en la docencia como en funciones académicas relevantes. En tercer lugar, se resalta su fecunda experiencia en la Universidad del Pacífico hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se valora su generosa entrega para con otras casas de estudios; así como la experiencia de la “Lectura Dantis” como parte del camino de humanización del hombre. Finalmente, se concluye argumentando que su trabajo debe bastar para dar por buena, por bella y por verdadera la opción universitaria de toda una vida.
El deseo derrotará las nuevas esclavitudes
Authors: Vittadini Giorgio
Published: July 2019

En este texto, el autor abordará la situación actual en relación a tendencias mundiales dentro de la economía, tecnología y relaciones sociales. Así, frente a cada época tecnológica, se afirmará que el deseo empujará al hombre a buscar el pan y el agua, a interesarse por sus problemas y los problemas de los otros, a mejorar sus condiciones y la de sus hermanos hombres. Cabe agregar que este texto se trata de una traducción del italiano.
Francisco Becerra, arquitecto de dos mundos: Extremadura y América, en el siglo XVI (Virreinato del Perú)
Authors: Fernández Muñoz Yolanda
Published: July 2019

En opinión de la autora, el objetivo de este texto es dar a conocer a un "constructor" del siglo XVI, que caminó entre dos mundos, Extremadura y América, a través de la obtención de datos (fuentes bibliográfica, arquitectónicas). Dichas fuentes le servirán para conformar un conocimiento sobre lo que hizo un arquitecto extremeño en América. Con una sólida precisión histórica, la autora dará más luces sobre lo hecho por este importante arquitecto.
Nihilismo "trágico" y nihilismo "gayo" en Gianni Vattimo y Richard Rorty
Authors: Pasolini Bernadetta
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo toma como punto de partida el análisis del título, el cual se origina de la expresión utilizada por Augusto Del Noce en una carta dirigida a Rodolfo Quadrelli en el año 1984. Por entonces, el filósofo turinés expresaba ya su profunda preocupación por el avanzar del nihilismo sobre la escena mundial y confiaba su temor, sobre todo, a la versión "gaya", que, precisamente, en aquellos años encontraba en Richard Rorty un eficaz exponente. Cabe agregar que este texto es una traducción íntegra del italiano.
Los derechos humanos después del 11 de septiembre: destino de la humanidad
Authors: Rodriguez Iturri Roger
Published: July 2019

En este artículo, la tragedia del 11 de septiembre es la fuente para volver sobre una discusión en torno a la libertad del hombre. Igualmente, se abordará el tema de los derechos humanos y sus bases en las enseñanzas cristianas. A su vez, se dará un repaso por la coyuntura política vivida tras ese acontecimiento. Es también interesante el enfoque desde el cristianismo, pues garantizará una reflexión más honda.
Libertad, Sociedad, Economía y Educación: cuáles son prioridades en el Perú
Authors: Caironi Silvia , Bidinost Paolo
Published: July 2019

En este diálogo, Luis Solari de la Fuente abordará temas y problemáticas aún claves para el país. Son también importantes sus apreciaciones sobre el sector económico a nivel nacional como exterior. De igual manera, expondrá de modo conciso la importancia de la enseñanza de las Humanidades en la educación universitaria, puesto que estas proveen un gran sentido de solidaridad y justicia con el otro.
Respon imun krustase
Authors: Manoppo Henky , Kolopita Magdalena E.F
Published: July 2019

Crustacean does not have adaptive immune system and mostly depends on innate or nonspecific immune response. This system can recognize and destroy foreign materials including pathogen.  The nonspecific immune responses of crustacean consist of cellular and humoral responses.  In cellular response, hemocyte plays an important role in body defenses to pathogen including virus, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In humoral response, recognition of pathogen is mediated by protein and enzyme such as β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (BGBP),  lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPS-BP), peptidoglycan recognition protein, phenoloxydase enzime. Keywords: crustacean, nonspecific immune response, cellular responses, humoral response, protein, enzime
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Inkubasi Telur Terhadap Tingkat Penetasan Telur Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax quadricarinatus)
Authors: Tamima Nani I
Published: July 2019

The important thing in cultivation of freshwater crayfish is the availability and quality of seed. The use of appropriate method could support the production of good seed, therefore in this research we conduct the seed production methods, one is hatching in a natural way, while the other is separating the eggs from the female. On this research, we used 5 females and 3 males of freshwater crayfish (LAT) and placed them in a round glass fiber container with a diameter of 1.5 together with aeration and small pipe (as shelter).  Initial average weight of the female and male, respectively from 74.5 to 76.7 grams and an average length of 6 cm. These female and male freshwater crayfish were acclimatized before spawning. Gonadal maturation performed together in a single glass fiber container for 2 months.  In this study routinely measured water quality parameters including temperature, acidity (pH) using cremometer, also dissolved oxygen and CO2. Egg test used for this study was given as treatment A which is 150 eggs incubated by each female and treatment B which is 150 eggs separate from each parent and left to hatch by itself.  Females that incubate their eggs and the separating eggs were placed in different aquarium (60 x 40 x 40 cm) equipped with modified pipes for shelter. The results of water quality parameter are temperature 24.5-26.5 oC, pH 7, DO 6.43 ppm and CO2 0.04 ppm. Egg incubation period lasts for 45 days.  From this research the following conclusions can be drawn between the two treatments were performed in the study, natural incubation method gives much better results for egg hatching of freshwater crayfish.   Keywords: egg incubation method, freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, reproduction