bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of ENSO-driven stratosphere-to-troposphere transport of ozone over North America
Authors: Albers John R. , Butler Amy H. , Langford Andrew O. , Elsbury Dillon , Breeden Melissa L.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to modulate the strength and frequency of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone over the Pacific–North American region during late winter to early summer. Dynamical processes that have been proposed to account for this variability include variations in the amount of ozone in the lowermost
stratosphere that is available for STT and tropospheric circulation-related
variations in the frequency and geographic distribution of individual STT
events. Here we use a large ensemble of Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
(WACCM) simulations (forced by sea-surface temperature (SST) boundary
conditions consistent with each phase of ENSO) to show that variability in
lower-stratospheric ozone and shifts in the Pacific tropospheric jet
constructively contribute to the amount of STT of ozone in the North
American region during both ENSO phases. In terms of stratospheric
variability, ENSO drives ozone anomalies resembling the Pacific–North
American teleconnection pattern that span much of the lower stratosphere
below 50 hPa. These ozone anomalies, which dominate over other ENSO-driven
changes in the Brewer–Dobson circulation (including changes due to both the
stratospheric residual circulation and quasi-isentropic mixing), strongly
modulate the amount of ozone available for STT transport. As a result,
during late winter (February–March), the stratospheric ozone response to the
teleconnections constructively reinforces anomalous ENSO-jet-driven STT of
ozone. However, as ENSO forcing weakens as spring progresses into summer
(April–June), the direct effects of the ENSO-jet-driven STT transport
weaken. Nevertheless, the residual impacts of the teleconnections on the
amount of ozone in the lower stratosphere persist, and these anomalies in
turn continue to cause anomalous STT of ozone. These results should prove
helpful for interpreting the utility of ENSO as a subseasonal predictor of
both free-tropospheric ozone and the probability of stratospheric ozone
intrusion events that may cause exceedances in surface air quality
standards.
The representation of the trade winds in ECMWF forecasts and reanalyses during EUREC4A
Authors: Savazzi Alessandro Carlo Maria , Nuijens Louise , Sandu Irina , George Geet , Bechtold Peter
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The characterization of systematic forecast errors in lower-tropospheric winds is an essential component of model improvement. This paper is motivated by a global, long-standing surface bias in the operational medium-range weather forecasts produced with the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Over the tropical oceans, excessive easterly flow is found. A similar bias is found in the western North Atlantic trades, where the EUREC4A field campaign provides an unprecedented wealth of measurements. We analyze the wind bias in the IFS and ERA5 reanalysis throughout the entire lower troposphere during EUREC4A.
The wind bias varies greatly from day to day, resulting in root mean square errors (RMSEs) up to
2.5 m s−1, with a mean wind speed bias up to −1 m s−1 near and above the trade inversion in the forecasts and up to −0.5 m s−1 in reanalyses. These biases are insensitive to the assimilation of sondes. The modeled zonal and meridional winds exhibit a diurnal cycle that is too strong, leading to a weak wind speed bias everywhere up to 5 km during daytime but a wind speed bias below 2 km at nighttime that is too strong. Removing momentum transport by shallow convection reduces the wind bias near the surface but leads to stronger easterly near cloud base. The update in moist physics in the newest IFS cycle (cycle 47r3) reduces the meridional wind bias, especially during daytime. Below 1 km, modeled friction due to unresolved physical processes appears to be too strong but is (partially) compensated for by the dynamics, making this a challenging coupled problem.
Technical note: Identification of two ice-nucleating regimes for dust-related cirrus clouds based on the relationship between number concentrations of ice-nucleating particles and ice crystals
Authors: He Yun , Yin Zhenping , Liu Fuchao , Yi Fan
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Large amounts of dust aerosols are lifted to the upper
troposphere every year and play a major role in cirrus formation by acting
as efficient ice nuclei. However, the relative importance of heterogeneous
nucleation and spontaneous homogenous nucleation in dust-related cirrus
clouds is still not well evaluated globally. Here, based on spaceborne
observations, we propose a method to identify two ice-nucleating regimes of
dust-related cirrus clouds, i.e., (1) the sole presence of heterogeneous
nucleation and (2) competition between heterogeneous and homogeneous
nucleation, by characterizing the relationship between dust ice-nucleating
particle concentrations (INPCs) calculated from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with
Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) using the POlarization LIdar PHOtometer
Networking (POLIPHON) method and in-cloud ice crystal number concentration
(ICNC) from the DARDAR (lidar–radar) dataset. Two typical cirrus cases over
central China are shown as a demonstration. In the first case, the upper
part (near the cloud top) of a series of cirrus clouds successfully realized
the INPC–ICNC closure, meaning that solely heterogeneous nucleation takes
place, while the lower part of cirrus clouds showed the possible competition
between heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. In the second case, the
ICNCs in the cirrus cloud dramatically exceeded the dust INPCs in the
vicinity by more than an order of magnitude, revealing that besides
dust-induced heterogeneous nucleation, homogeneous nucleation also
participated in ice formation and produced additional ice crystals. The
proposed identification method is anticipated to apply in the evaluation of the
influence of upper-troposphere dust on global cirrus formation and
the investigation of the potential positive role of cirrus cloud thinning in the
offset of climate warming.
A Review of the Community Assessment Report (CAR) from the Mass Change Decadal Observable Applications Team
Authors: Reager John , Srinivasan Margaret , Rodell Matt , Blackwood Carmen , Doorn Brad , Baize Rosemary
Published: October 2022

In support of the Mass Change (MC) satellite mission development, the NASA Mass MC Decadal Observables Study Team formed the MC Applications Team (MCAT) to assess user communities and their needs. Applications requirements were derived from the National Academy of Sciences’ 2017-2027 Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space and from community engagement activities. A number of engagement mechanisms were employed to identify and reach out to both communities of practice (end-users and decision makers with experience using Earth observing satellite data such as GRACE) and communities of potential (stakeholders from select user communities who may have operational or practical uses for MC data and information products).

 

A primary goal of the MCAT was the development of a Community Assessment Report (CAR) to identify user communities, particularly those underserved, that may offer an opportunity for expanding the user base for NASA Earth observations and research applications for the future MC mission. CAR activities included assessments of both communities of practice (comprised of existing users of EO gravity mission data), and communities of potential (those who may benefit from future MC mission data or information products). Mass change observations have the potential to support numerous practical applications across a wide range of Earth systems variables. The focus of MCAT user engagement in this analysis was principally on water resources applications, due to the great potential for assessment and management using these observations ((for example, groundwater conservation planning). With the CAR, we were able to identify and characterize select existing and potential user communities, describe specific use cases for these communities, suggest pathways for future sustained engagement, and provide recommendations for next steps.

 
Greenland, Antarctica and Glaciers and Ice Caps mass balance from GRACE/GRACE-FO and other data
Authors: Velicogna Isabella , Liang Chia-Chun , Sutterley Tyler , A Geruo , Ciraci Enrico , Landerer Felix
Published: October 2022

We discuss the state of mass balance of glaciers and ice sheets from 2002 to present using data from GRACE/GRACE-FO missions, after filling the gap between missions. We compare data processed by different centers (JPL, CSR, GFZ) and evaluate various Glacial Isotatic Adjustment models.  In Greenland, the data indicate a persistent mass loss at 251 Gt/yr, with an acceleration of 3 Gt/yr/yr, and large summer losses (400-600 Gt) in 2012, 2017, 2019. The mass balance regime has been evolving significantly in recent years, especially in the North, which holds the largest potential for rapid sea level rise. In Antarctica, ongoing mass losses in the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica (122 Gt/yr), Antarctic Peninsula (26 Gt/yr), and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica (33 Gt/yr) dominate a small but significant increase in snowfall in the Queen Maud Land sector of East Antarctica since 2009 (47 Gt/yr). For the GIC, the mass loss averages 274 Gt/yr, with an acceleration of 4 Gt/yr/yr. The largest contributors are in the Arctic: Canadian Archipelago (70 Gt/yr), Alaska (72 Gt/yr), Russian Arctic (21 Gt/yr), Svalbard and Iceland (29 Gt/yr)) versus the southern hemisphere which is dominated by Patagonia (35 Gt/yr). High Mountain Asia averages 22 Gt/yr mass loss, with a large inter-annual variability. In regions not dominated by ice dynamics, the GRACE results compare better every year with output products from regional climate models (MAR, RACMO) forced by ERA5 and with global models such as NASA’s MERRA-2, which offers interesting perspectives for model development.

 
Three hypotheses on changing river flood hazards
Authors: Blöschl Günter
Published: October 2022

Abstract. There is serious concern that the hazard, or probability,
of river floods is increasing over time. Starting from narratives that are
sometimes discussed in public, the article addresses three hypotheses. The
first suggests that land-use changes, such as deforestation, urbanisation
and soil compaction by agriculture, increase flood hazards. This review finds that land-use effects on floods are particularly pronounced in small
catchments since soil permeability plays an important role in infiltration at this scale. For regional floods, and the most extreme events, land use is usually not the most important control, since areas of soil saturation play a greater role in runoff generation, which are less dependent on soil
permeability. The second hypothesis suggests that hydraulic interventions
and structures, such as river training, levees and dams, increase flood
hazards. This review finds that hydraulic structures have the greatest impact on events of medium magnitude, associated with return periods of tens to hundreds of years, and that their effects are usually local. Long-term interactions between humans and floods must be taken into account when predicting future flood hazards. The third hypothesis suggests that climate change increases flood hazard. This review finds that, in small catchments of a few hectares, flood hazards may increase due to convective storms. In large catchments, where regional floods occur, changes are not necessarily directly related to precipitation, nor are they directly related to rising air temperatures, but are determined by the seasonal interplay of soil moisture, snow and extreme precipitation via runoff generation. Increases and decreases in flood hazards have been observed worldwide. It is concluded that significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding the role of land use, hydraulic structures and climate in changing river flood hazards. It is crucial to consider all three factors of change in flood risk management and communicate them to the general public in a nuanced way.
Antarctic surface climate and surface mass balance in the Community Earth System Model version 2 during the satellite era and into the future (1979–2100)
Authors: Dunmire Devon , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Datta Rajashree Tri , Gorte Tessa
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) allow us to explore minimally observed components of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) climate system, both historically and
under future climate change scenarios. Here, we present and analyze surface climate output from the most recent version of the National Center for
Atmospheric Research's ESM: the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). We compare AIS surface climate and surface mass balance (SMB) trends
as simulated by CESM2 with reanalysis and regional climate models and observations. We find that CESM2 substantially better represents the mean-state AIS near-surface temperature, wind speed, and surface melt compared with its predecessor, CESM1. This improvement likely results from the
inclusion of new cloud microphysical parameterizations and changes made to the snow model component. However, we also find that grounded CESM2 SMB
(2269 ± 100 Gt yr−1) is significantly higher than all other products used in this study and that both temperature and
precipitation are increasing across the AIS during the historical period, a trend that cannot be reconciled with observations. This study provides a
comprehensive analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the representation of AIS surface climate in CESM2, work that will be especially useful in
preparation for CESM3 which plans to incorporate a coupled ice sheet model that interacts with the ocean and atmosphere.
Słowo wstępne
Authors: Leśniczak Ks. Rafał
Published: October 2022

Trzeci tom kwartalnika „Łódzkich Studiów Teologicznych” 2022 r. podejmuje temat: MEDIA – POLITYKA – RELIGIA. Stanowi kontynuację tomów 29(2020)3 i 31(2022)2. W głównej jego części czytelnik odnajdzie pięć rozpraw autorstwa absolwentów kierunku dziennikarstwo i komunikacja społeczna Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie oraz tekst autorstwa ks. dr Mariusza Chrostowskiego, doktoranta na Wydziale Pedagogiczno-Filozoficznym Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Eichstätt-Ingolstadt. Publikacje te sytuują się w dyscyplinach nauk społecznych (pedagogika, nauki o komunikacji społecznej i mediach). Druga część tomu, Varia, zawiera teksty, które można przyporządkować do następujących dyscyplin naukowych: prawo kanoniczne, teologia (liturgika, teologia dogmatyczna), literaturoznawstwo. Zeszyt kończy recenzja tomu wierszy s. Urszuli Michalak Wołanie trzciny nadłamanej, którą przygotował ks. Kazimierz Wójtowicz.
Թուրքիայի գյուղատնտեսության ներուժը և Հայաստանի՝ ազատ առևտրի զարգացման վերաբերյալ մտավախությունները/ Turkey's Agricultural Potential and Armenia's Fear to Develop Free Trade
Authors: AVETISYAN Samvel
Published: October 2022

The development of Armenian-Turkish relations is one of the most delicate and controversial issues of Armenia's foreign policy. Especially after the forty-four-day war, the views of the Armenian society, including the diaspora, on the development of diplomatic and trade relations with Turkey diverge. The more liberal and pragmatic sector believes that hostile relations are not eternal, while the emotional and conservative side denies the expediency of developing relations with Turkey, preferring the existence of a closed border.
How to break this Gordian knot, what is the right choice? Of course, the decision is in the hands of the government, but what will be the reaction? No matter how complex the problem is, the Armenian authorities are taking practical steps to solve it. These steps also concern the opening of the Armenian-Turkish border and the development of trade and economic relations. Here, the danger of the expansion of the Armenian economy by Turkey, especially the agricultural sector, is especially emphasized. It is a fact that the consequences of an open Georgian-Turkish border in neighboring Georgia, especially in Adzharia, are alarming. However, in order to have a more sensible opinion, it is necessary to study the competitive advantages of a neighboring country - its own opportunities for equal economic competition. The paper examines the potential of the Turkish agricultural sector, the potential risks of Armenia in the context of open borders and free trade.
Հավասարների նորաձևություն. նորաձևություն բոլորի, այլ ոչ թե ընտրյալների համար/ Eguality Fashion: Fashion for Everyone, not for the Chosen Ones
Authors: SHAHRIMANYAN Tereza
Published: October 2022

Clothing has a great psychological effect, it gives self-confidence, solves the problem of socialization. Equality and tolerance is one of the main directions of modern fashion. The point of inclusive clothing is to make people with disabilities feel like everyone else. Inclusive clothing itself is a component of rehabilitation measures. Creating inclusive clothing with a universal design is a major challenge for modern people. In addition to the state, crowdfunding platforms can be used for the development of the production of inclusive clothes in Armenia. Now it is time to develop a fashion for those for whom it is customary to remain silent. The production of inclusive clothing is firstly and foremost a humanitarian activity. It is a way to help, to make life easier for those who need help.
Ի՞նչ է սպասվում համաշխարհային տնտեսությանը. զարգացման միտումները/ What's Next for the Global Economy? - Development Trends
Authors: BULANIKYAN Vahe
Published: October 2022

The paper talks about the possible trends in the development of the world economy in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. In particular, we discuss the impact of unprecedented economic sanctions imposed by the West as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war, as well as the destruction of the economic infrastructure of Ukraine by Russia and the blockade of seaports, on the logistics of the world economy. War has disrupted supply chains, rising prices on food and fuel around the world, resulting in economic shocks of uncertainty and depth. This can be at least a medium-term factor of instability in the event of prolonged hostilities. It is also mentioned that in the near future the main task for many countries will be to control inflation, because the inflation rate is a macroeconomic indicator that primarily affects monetary policy, consumer expectations and behavior. The research concludes that the current Russian-Ukrainian war will put an end to the globalization of the world economy over the past thirty years, stimulate the emergence of a new wave of protectionist policies to protect national economies.
hiệu quả giảm đau điện châm nhóm huyệt thượng liêu, thứ liêu, trung liêu trên bệnh nhân sau mổ trĩ theo phương pháp milligan morgan từ ngày thứ 2
Authors: Quang Tạ Đăng , Hương Lê Thị Thu
Published: October 2022

Đau sau mổ cắt trĩ là một vấn đề phổ biến, do đó việc tìm các giải pháp giảm đau sau mổ cắt trĩ an toàn, ít tác dụng phụ luôn là một vấn đề cần được nghiên cứu. Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tác dụng giảm đau sau mổ trĩ của điện châm nhóm huyệt Thượng liêu -Thứ liêu -Trung liêu. 60 bệnh nhân sau mổ trĩ bằng phương pháp Milligan Morgan chia 2 nhóm: điện châm và dùng thuốc Efferalgan Codein. Kết quả cho thấy điểm VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) giảm trung bình ở nhóm nghiên cứu và nhóm chứng là 2,97 ± 0,77 và 2,5 ± 1,04 so với trước điều trị (p < 0,05). Chưa thấy tác dụng không mong muốn của nhóm sử dụng điện châm trên lâm sàng.
Đánh giá tác dụng giảm đau sau mổ nội soi lấy sỏi túi mật bằng phương pháp điện châm
Authors: Hưng Bùi Tiến , Trang Cao Thị Huyền
Published: October 2022

Mục tiêu chính trong việc kiểm soát cơn đau sau phẫu thuật là giảm thiểu liều lượng thuốc để giảm tác dụng phụ và giảm đau đầy đủ. Chúng tôi tiến hành đề tài nhằm đánh giá tác dụng giảm đau của phương pháp điện châm trên bệnh nhân sau mổ nội soi lấy sỏi túi mật. Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 68 bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật nội soi lấy sỏi túi mật, phương pháp can thiệp lâm sàng có đối chứng, so sánh trước sau điều trị, chia 2 nhóm: nhóm điện châm kết hợp với phác đồ nền y học hiện đại và nhóm chỉ sử dụng phác đồ nền y học hiện đại. Kết quả sau 4 ngày điều trị, ở nhóm nghiên cứu, điểm VAS trung bình khi nghỉ giảm từ 5,0 ± 1,3 xuống 0,8 ± 0,6; điểm VAS trung bình khi hoạt động giảm từ 6,1 ± 1,2 xuống 1,5 ± 0,7. Lượng thuốc giảm đau paracetamol giảm đáng kể so với nhóm chứng (p < 0,05).
Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của viên nang mềm Tecan lên chức năng gan, thận chuột cống thực nghiệm
Authors: Hằng Vũ Việt , Anh Phạm Thị Vân
Published: October 2022

Đánh giá ảnh hưởng của viên nang mềm Tecan theo đường uống lên chức năng gan, thận chuột cống chủng Wistar thực nghiệm. Chuột cống trắng được uống liên tục viên nang mềm Tecan với mức liều 93,6 mg/kg/ngày và 280,8 mg/kg/ngày trong vòng 4 tuần. Trước lúc uống thuốc, sau 2 tuần và 4 tuần uống thuốc, chuột được đánh giá chức năng gan và chức năng thận. Giải phẫu bệnh gan, thận được đánh giá khi kết thúc nghiên cứu ở tuần thứ 4. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy viên nang Tecan liều 93,6 mg/kg/ngày và 280,8 mg/kg/ngày dùng đường uống liên tục trong 4 tuần không ảnh hưởng đến hoạt độ AST, hoạt độ ALT, nồng độ bilirubin toàn phần, cholesterol toàn phần, albumin, creatinin trong máu và hình ảnh mô bệnh học thận trên chuột cống trắng ở cả 2 mức liều. Hình ảnh mô bệnh học gan ở các lô uống Tecan có sự tăng thoái hóa so với lô chứng sinh học. Tuy nhiên, các chỉ số sinh hóa đánh giá chức năng gan của các lô đều trong giới hạn bình thường. Viên nang mềm Tecan liều 93,6 mg/kg/ngày và 280,8 mg/kg/ngày uống liên tục trong 4 tuần không làm ảnh hưởng đến chức năng gan, thận của chuột cống trắng.
Weighing the Cost of Expectations that Students Complete Legal Work Experience
Authors: Hewitt Anne , Grenfell Laura , Abiyat Hadieh , Hendry Mikeyli , Howe Joanna , Whittaker Sam
Published: October 2022

Having completed multiple periods of legal work experience is often regarded as ‘pseudo mandatory’ for an Australian law graduate to be competitive for professional legal positions. This article explores the implications of these expectations, at a systems level, but also individually for past and recent graduates, and current students. It does this through both an exploration of literature, and through an ‘auto-ethnography’ in which the authors’ present their own experiences of seeking legal work experience and graduate legal positions. These data sources shed new light on the costs of expectations that graduates should already have practical legal work on their CVs, which calls into question the broad encouragement of work experience by universities, legal firms, and law societies.
Sekonder Progresif Multipl Sklerozun Tedavisinde Olası Biyomedikal Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Özcan , ÇELİK Halenur , ŞAHİN Sevim
Published: October 2022

Multipl Skleroz (MS), vücudun bağışıklık sistemi hücreleri tarafından beyindeki sinir hücrelerinin dış kısmında bulunan miyelin kılıfların zarar görmesi sonucu lezyon veya plak oluşmasına bağlı nörolojik bir hastalıktır. Bu makalenin amacı Sekonder Progresif MS (SPMS) için tıp ve biyomedikal mühendisliği alanında çözüm önerileri üreterek yapılan çalışmaların anlatılmasıdır. Hastalığın tıp alanında çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri vardır. MS tedavisi kişiye özel olarak yapılmaktadır. Tıp alanında yapılan en temel tedavi yöntemi ilaç ile tedavidir. Son yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda nanoparçacıkların polimerik yapısının içerisine konulan miyelin antijenleri sayesinde bağışıklık sistemi hücrelerinin miyelinli hücrelere saldırması engellenerek hastalığın yavaşlatılması sağlanmıştır. Zarar gören miyelin kılıfların onarımı ise kolesterolün düşürülmesinde kullanılan bir molekül sayesinde yapılmıştır. MS tam olarak nedeni bilinmeyen otoimmün ve nörolojik bir hastalıktır. Bu makale çalışmasında ise yapılmış olan deneysel çalışmalara göre üretilen tüm çözüm önerilerinin derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE KANONİK ROMAN: YABAN VE BEREKETLİ TOPRAKLAR ÜZERİNDE İSİMLİ ESERLERDE KÖYLÜ SORUNU
Authors: CEYLAN Tolgahan
Published: October 2022

Bu makale kanonik romanda köylü temasına odaklanmakta olup Türkiye bağlamında bir değerlendirme yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale bu minvalde Kemalist/Ulusalcı kanonik roman ile Marksist kanonik roman anlatılarını “Yaban” ve “Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde” eserleri aracılığıyla incelemektedir. Her iki eser de yayımlandıkları tarihler itibarıyla Türk siyasal hayatındaki önemli dönemlerin ürünleridirler. “Yaban” (1932), Cumhuriyetin ideolojik muhtevasının şekillendiği yılların ürünüyken “Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde” (1954), çok partili hayata geçişin kültürel alanda da bir çeşitlenmeyi beraberinde getirdiği yılların ürünüdür. Bu eserler, yayımlandıkları dönemler ve sundukları anlatılar dikkate alındığında, Türkiye bağlamında edebiyat-siyaset ilişkisinin roman türündeki özgün örneklerini teşkil ederler. Bu nedenle ilgili eserlerden “Yaban”, Kemalist/Ulusalcı roman kanonunu temsilen seçilmiştir. Öte yandan “Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde” isimli roman ise Marksist roman kanonuna örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Köylü temasının işlendiği bu iki romanda, Türk köylüsü üzerine iki farklı ideolojik görüşün bakışı yansıtılmaktadır. Bu bakış açılarından birisinde ulusal bilincin geliştirilmesi gerekliliğine dikkat çekilirken diğerinde sınıf bilincinin yokluğu üzerinden bir anlatı sunulmaktadır. Çalışma nihai olarak her iki anlatıda da köylünün dönüştürülmesi gereken bir özne olarak konumlandırıldığına dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Rezension von: Blickle, Peter; Schlögl, Rolf (Hrsg.), Die Säkularisation im Prozess der Säkularisierung Europas
Authors: Waibel Raimund , Blickle Peter , Schlögl Rudolf
Published: October 2022

Peter Blickle und Rolf Schlögl (Hrsg.): Die Säkularisation im Prozess der Säkularisierung Europas. (Oberschwaben – Geschichte und Kultur, Band 13). Bibliotheca academica Verlag Epfendorf 2005. 574 Seiten. Gebunden € 39,-. ISBN 3-92847-158-9
Rezension von: Soder von Güldenstubbe, Erik; Weidlich, Ariane, Tilman Riemenschneider und sein Erbe im Taubertal
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Soder von Güldenstubbe Erik , Weidlich Ariane
Published: October 2022

Erik Soder von Güldenstubbe und Ariane Weidlich Tilman Riemenschneider und sein Erbe im Taubertal. Gesichter der Spätgotik. Fotografie von Dorothea und Winfried Berberich. Kunstschätzeverlag Gerchsheim 2004. Großformat 352 Seiten mit rund 400 Farbabbildungen. € 98,-. ISBN 3-934223-15-X
Az 1222. évi Aranybulla és a történeti alkotmány
Authors: Horváth Attila
Published: October 2022

II. András (1205–1235) pazarló életmódját fedezendő újfajta adókat vetett ki, de ezeknek a behajtását többnyire bérbe adta. A király, hogy az általános elégedetlenség ellenére növelje híveinek számát, egymás után ajándékozta el a királyi birtokokat. A serviensek és az Imre-párti főurak tiltakozásának hatására II. András kiadta az 1222. évi Aranybullát, amelyben megígérte, hogy be fogja tartani a törvényeket és felhagy pazarló életmódjával.
A Kárpát-medence történeti népességeinek kapcsolatai az újabb archeogenetikai eredmények tükrében
Authors: Török Tibor
Published: October 2022

Az MKI és SZTE közös archeogenetikai laborjának legfontosabb célkitűzése a Kárpát-medence népességtörténetének rekonstruálása, melynek során kezdeti erőfeszítéseinket a honfoglaló magyarok eredetének felderítésére összpontosítottuk. A munkák kezdete óta folyamatosan lépést tartunk a szakterület módszertani fejlődésével, amit az általunk közölt tudományos publikációk is tükröznek. Legutóbbi munkánkban a hun, az avar és a honfoglalás körüli korszakokból származó nagyszámú mintát vizsgáltunk a teljes genom szintjén. Ez a legmodernebb és legnagyobb felbontású vizsgálatnak számít, mert a teljes örökítőanyag-készletet elemzi, melyből nagy biztonsággal rekonstruálhatók a leszármazási viszonyok. Ebben az írásban ezeket az eredményeket fogom bemutatni, de elöljáróban megjegyzem, hogy a korábbi eredményeinket, amelyeket az anyai és apai vonalak vizsgálatából kaptunk, a genom eredmények nem cáfolták, csupán jelentősen pontosították.
III. Béla és Antiochiai Anna nyughelyének megtalálása 1848-ban
Authors: Demeter Zsófia
Published: October 2022

1848. december 5-én találták meg az első, s eleddig az utolsó, személyében is –közmegegyezéssel – biztonsággal azonosítható királyi pár sírját Székesfehérvárott. Hozzá kell tennünk rögtön azt is, hogy ez volt az utolsó bizonyított Árpád-házi királyi temetés az uralkodói ház fővárosában (hiszen az 1205-ben meghalt gyermek, III. László temetési helyszíne bizonytalan). A leletek érdekességét nem csupán az a tény adta – és adja ma is –, hogy azok bolygatatlanok voltak, sem hódítók, sem kincskeresők nem rabolták ki a sírokat. Különös fontosságot kapott az esemény tudománytörténeti és kultúrtörténeti szempontból is, hiszen Érdy János régészeti feltáró módszerét és a belőle fakadó eredményeket máig mintaszerűnek tudják kései tudós utódai. Az ásatás és a körülötte kialakult érdeklődés vezette rá a tudósokat III. Béla személyének, korának, történelmi szerepének, nagyságának vizsgálatára, továbbá csak ebből tudhatunk az uralkodó halotti reprezentációjáról. Az ásatási dokumentáció, például Varsányi János helyszíni rajzai alapján a király és a környezetében talált egyéb sírok eredeti állapota rekonstruálható (bár a királyné sírját maga Varsányi is a helyszínen lévők elmondása alapján rajzolta le, miután a sírládát érkezése előtt kinyitották). A megtalált királyi csontlelet – igaz, sok hányattatás után és közben – magyar antropológusnemzedékek vizsgálatának lett tárgya. Bartucz Lajos 1935-ben kifejezetten kívánatosnak tartotta az összes addig feltárt csont újbóli vizsgálatát: „Bizonyos antropológiai bélyegeknek az Árpádok családjában való öröklésére is némi fényt fognak deríteni.” Méltó és igazságos, hogy az 1848-ban, hatszáz év múltán megtalált sírok leletei ma az archeogenetikai vizsgálatok középpontjában állnak.
A magyar–bizánci kapcsolatok az Árpád-korban
Authors: Diószegi Szabó Pál
Published: October 2022

A IX. századi Kárpát-medencei betelepülése előtt a magyarság már a Bizánci Birodalom érdekkörével érintkezett. Erről tanúskodnak azok az elsősorban keresztény szerzőktől származó források, amelyek ugyan egy-egy epizód kapcsán, de megemlékeznek eleinkről. A kereszténységgel minden bizonnyal először a bizánci kapcsolatok útján, szintén kelet felől találkoztak. Jól érvényesült a bizánci kultúra hídjellege Európa és Ázsia között. Bizánc fő forrásává vált a római államiságon, a görög nyelven és a kereszténységen felépülő kultúrának, amely a középkorban végig a lényegiségét adta.
Capacidad funcional en adultos mayores de un albergue ubicado Lima-Sur
Authors: Hernández Pedraza Mariza Anabel , Altamirano Yaros Lourdes
Published: October 2022

Objetivos: Fue determinar la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores de un albergue ubicado Lima-Sur. Materiales y métodos:  El estudio fue realizado desde el enfoque cuantitativo, siendo su diseño metodológico descriptivo-transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 115 participantes. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento de medición fue el Índice de Barthel que contiene 10 indicadores relacionado a las actividades de la vida cotidiana. Resultados: En cuanto a la edad, el promedio fue de 79 años. En relación al sexo, predomino el masculino con 55,7% (n=64). En cuanto a la capacidad funcional, predomino el valor independiente con 40,9% (n=47), seguido de la dependencia total en un 32,2% (n=37), dependencia escasa o leve con 10,4% (n=12), dependencia severa en un 8,7% (n=10) y dependencia moderada con 7,8% (n=9). En relación a las dimensiones, en comer predomino totalmente independiente con 87,7% (n=101), en lavarse y vestirse predomino independiente en un 60% (n=69), en arreglarse predomino dependiente con 61,7% (n=71), en deposiciones predomino continencia normal en un 63,5% (n=73), en micción predomino continencia normal con 55,7% (n=64), en uso de retrete y trasladarse predomino independiente en un 59,1% (n=68), en deambular predomino independiente en un 57,4% (n=66), finalmente en subir escaleras predomino independiente con  47,8% (n=55). Conclusiones: En cuanto a la capacidad funcional, predominio el nivel independiente, seguido de dependencia total, dependencia leve, dependencia severa y dependencia moderada.
Funcionalidad familiar y el estado nutricional en niños menores de 2 años que acuden a un centro de salud en Lima
Authors: Diaz Araujo Sandra , Quispe Flores Alondra , Altamirano Carbajal Gloria Ivonne , Matta-Solis Eduardo Percy
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la funcionalidad familiar y el estado nutricional en niños menores de 2 años que acuden a un centro de salud en Lima. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño metodológico correlacional-transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 123 madres y niños. La técnica de recolección de datos utilizada fue la encuesta, y los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario APGAR familiar para evaluar la funcionalidad familiar y las tablas de IMC que evalúa el estado nutricional. Resultados: El 51,2% (n=63) de las madres tuvieron edades entre 26 a 35 años. En cuanto al sexo de sus hijos, el 52% (n=64) fueron del sexo femenino. En cuanto a la funcionalidad familiar, el 40,7% (n=50) tuvieron buena función familiar, el 26% (n=32) disfunción familiar leve, el 21,1% (n=26) disfunción familiar moderada y el 12,2% (n=15) disfunción familiar severa. En cuanto al estado nutricional, el 69,9% (n=86) tuvo peso normal, el 12,2% (n=15) sobrepeso y bajo peso respectivamente, y el 5,7% (n=7) obesidad. La prueba Chi cuadrado obtenido entre las dos variables principales dio un valor p=0,000 (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa entre la funcionalidad familiar y el estado nutricional en los niños menores de 2 años atendidos en un centro de salud en Lima.
Cuidando la salud individual y familiar durante la pandemia
Authors: Matta-Solis Diana
Published: October 2022

La pandemia aun representa un peligro para la salud pública y vida humana, los procesos de vacunación vienen dándose y al parecer tiene un efecto positivo en el numero de personas que hacen la forma mas severa de la enfermedad. Pero no debemos confiarnos, la educación en salud y las medidas preventivas deben continuar aplicándose. Ello constituye un desafío importante y ahí se resalta la labor del profesional enfermero, que a pesar de las limitaciones que encuentra, con su compromiso y ciencia del cuidado dan todo de si para promover el cuidado y autocuidado de la salud en la población.
Calidad de Cuidado de enfermeria en pacientes de una sala de hospitalización ubicada en Lima Centro.
Authors: Matta Zamudio Lourdes Sukeyko
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de cuidado de enfermeria en pacientes de una sala de hospitalización ubicada en Lima Centro.

Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio se llevó a cabo bajo el enfoque cuantitativo y su diseño metodológico fue descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo conformada ‘por 122 pacientes de una sala de hospitalización. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el CUCACE, comprendido por 45 items y 2 dimensiones.

Resultados: En cuanto al cuidado de enfermeria, predomino el nivel por encima del promedio con 46,7% (n=57), seguido del nivel promedio con 36,1% (n=44) y nivel por debajo del promedio con 17,2% (n=21). En cuanto a sus dimensiones, en experiencia con los cuidados de enfermería, predomino el nivel por encima del promedio con 53,3% (n=65), seguido del nivel promedio con 30,3% (n=37) y nivel por debajo del promedio con 16,4% (n=20) y en satisfacción con los cuidados de enfermería, predomino el nivel por encima del promedio con 54,1% (n=66), seguido del nivel promedio con 41,8% (n=51) y nivel por debajo del promedio con 4,1% (n=5).

Conclusiones: En cuanto al cuidado de enfermeria, predomino el nivel por encima del promedio, seguido del nivel promedio y nivel por debajo del promedio. Según sus dimensiones, en experiencia con los cuidados de enfermería y en satisfacción con los cuidados de enfermería, predomino el nivel por encima del promedio.
Riesgo para desarrollar Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en conductores de taxi de una empresa de Lima Este, 2021.
Authors: Marcani Bobadilla Basilia , Silvera  Cruces Jorge , León Rocha Lucia
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo para desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en conductores de taxi de una empresa de Lima Este, 2021. Materiales y métodos: El enfoque fue cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y transversal. La muestra se conformó por 101 taxistas de una empresa privada ubicada en Lima Este, el instrumento utilizado fue el test de FINDRSK. Resultados: 86,1% (N=87) fueron del sexo masculino, El tiempo de labor en la empresa fue más de 3 años en el 70,3%(N=71). El 65,3%(N=66) tuvieron edades entre 45 a 54 años. El 60,4% (N=61) realiza habitualmente al menos 30 minutos de actividad física. El 97%(N=98) no toma medicamentos para la hipertensión arterial. El 73,3%(N=74) no tiene familiares con diabetes. El 58,4%(N=59) tienen un riesgo bajo, el 31,7% (N=32) tiene un riesgo ligeramente elevado, un 5,9% (N=4) tiene un riesgo moderada y solo un 4%(N=4) tiene un riesgo alto.  Conclusiones: El riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo II en conductores de taxi de una empresa privada en Lima este, fue en su mayoría bajo.
Awareness of occupational hazards among automobile repair artisans in Wasit Governorate
Authors: Kattof Ahmed Mahdi , Chiad Ishraq Ahmed , Zeidan Muna A. Kadhum
Published: October 2022

Background: An occupational hazard contributes to severe health problems among workers due to unhygienic conditions and lack of safety at the workplace. Economic growth and productivity can be well achieved by promoting health, safety, and improved quality workplace. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the awareness of occupational hazards among automobile repair artisans in Wasit governorate, determine the occupational types of hazards, and find out the factors associated with awareness on occupational hazards among automobile repair artisans in wasit governorate, Iraq. Subjects and Methods:  A descriptive; cross-sectional study conducted at Wasit Governorate, included 230 participants. To assess Awareness, a validated well-known questionnaire instrument was utilized. The data collection continued for the period of 3 months starting on 2nd  January 2022 to 3rd  April 2022. Results: the findings of the study indicated that about (51.43%) of automobile artisans workers had awareness on occupational hazard,(28.3%) of the worker belonged to age group (40-49) years. And about (77.8%) of studied sample were married, also this study showed that most of automobile artisans workers (35.7%) were with primary education. (53.0%) of auto Artisans were exposed to Oxyacetylene fumes, and (20.9%) of them were exposed to Battery acid, (42.6%) were exposed to Spray painting fumes.
A study on the effectiveness of shadowing on SI performance at the university level
Authors: Hikmat Sameera Nasir , Hasan Idrees Ali
Published: October 2022

Shadowing is considered one of the important techniques in improving students’ language learning skills and simultaneous interpreting performance. The current study investigates the effectiveness of shadowing on simultaneous interpreting at the university level, identifies whether male or female participants perform better in post-test simultaneous interpreting, and highlights students’ perspectives shadowing technique. The participants of this study were 36 students from the department of translation, College of Languages, University of Duhok. Two tests, i.e. pre-test and post-test, and a questionnaire have been conducted for data collection. The study has found that shadowing exercises have a significant impact on students’ simultaneous interpreting performance. Moreover, there are significant differences between male and female participants in terms of their performance. Furthermore, students possess positive attitudes towards shadowing. In conclusion, the pedagogical implications recommend the adaptation of the shadowing technique to improve students’ simultaneous interpreting performance.
A Corpus-Based Comparative Study on Syntactic Complexity in University Students’ EFL Writing in Southwestern China: A Case of Pu’er University
Authors: Yang Yang , Yap Ngee Thai , Ali Afida Mohamad
Published: October 2022

Syntactic complexity is the variety and sophistication degree of the syntactic structures conveyed in written production. The syntactic complexity of general Chinese university students’ EFL writing has been studied previously, but the performance of university students in educationally underdeveloped Southwestern China remains unclear. Taking Pu’er University as a case, this study collected 400 EFL compositions from 100 university students in Southwestern China and compared them with 200 writing samples from the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays. Scores of 11 syntactic complexity indices were calculated using the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer. The independent samples t-test was conducted to investigate whether and the extent to which the two groups differed on syntactic complexity indices. The results showed that university EFL students in Southwestern China produce a similar length of linguistic units when compared to native English writers. However, the amount of subordination in EFL writing is significantly less than that of native English writers. For the amount of coordination, the university EFL students produced a lower proportion of coordinate phrases than that of native writers, but the proportion of coordinate sentences is not significantly different between the two groups. Finally, for degree of phrasal sophistication, university EFL students in Southwestern China produce significantly fewer complex nominals than native writers do. The results imply that university students in Southwestern China should write more subordinated sentences and complex nominals, such as nominal clauses, infinitives, or gerunds, in their future EFL writing, instead of writing long sentences just heavily relying on simple coordination.
DENGUE and its Prevalence
Authors: Kausar Humera
Published: October 2022

About 2.5 billion individuals worldwide are infected with the dengue virus (DENV), an important arthropod-borne viral disease, of which 975 million reside in both large and small cities in tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and the America. Dengue is presently endemic in more than 100 countries as a result of a sharp increase in incidence over the past few decades [1]. Aedes genus mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus, which are infected females and transmit the dengue virus, which is a member of the Flaviviridae family, infect people. Primary infection and secondary infection are the two types of diseases brought on by the dengue virus. A complicated immune response clears dengue fever (DF), an acute febrile sickness brought on by a primary infection, in about seven days. Haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are the effects of a secondary infection that is more severe. Pakistan is at a significant risk for dengue endemics because of its congested cities, contaminated water, poor sanitation, huge refugee population, and low immunisation rates [2].
Dengue fever (DF), as well as more severe DHF/DSS, can be brought on by the dengue virus. Within three to five days of an infection, DF might result in a fever, which is accompanied by thrombocytopenia, relative leucopenia, headache, joint discomfort, and skin rashes. Other etiologies, including non-dengue flavivirus infections, should be ruled out based on the patient's place of origin [3]. Dengue virus infection can be diagnosed in a lab by examining a specific virus, viral antigen, genomic sequence, and/or antibodies. Due to the four viral serotypes, there is currently no vaccination for the prevention of Dengue virus infection. In the most severe cases, dengue infection can result in patient death. To combat dengue virus infection, numerous antiviral compounds are being explored, but an effective, affordable, and secure vaccine that can neutralise all four dengue virus serotypes is still required. However, a patient with dengue fever can be saved with supportive care and therapy. Antipyretics like paracetamol can be used to treat fever. Drugs that reduce pain, such as analgesics, can be used to alleviate joint pain. Patients with DHF/DSS must be hospitalised. Oral rehydration therapy can reduce dehydration, and intravenous fluid replacement can reduce shock in infected individuals if oral intake is impossible. A platelet transfusion is advised if the patient's platelet count falls below 20,000 or if there is substantial bleeding. Aspirin, Brevrin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided as they may exacerbate the tendency to bleed [4].
Farbrekhers in America: The Americanization of Jewish Blue-Collar Crime, 1900-1931
Authors: Hieke Anton
Published: October 2022

The mass immigration of Eastern European Jews between 1880 and 1924—some two and a half million came to the United States—caused a thorough change in the nature of New York Jewry. Following wealthier German uptown Jews, it was now marked by poor Polish or Russian Jews living on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. The Jewish quarters functioned as the hinges between Eastern Europe and the US for many immigrants. Crime was a shade of it. Jews only constituted a small minority of American society; their Americanized criminal structures, however, became one of the most influential factors of modernization of crime from the fringes to the center of American society. Through the development of the Jewish underworld, the exclusion of and the cooperation with criminals of a different ethnic background, as well as the professionalization and the struggle for respectability, the phenomenon of Jewish blue-collar crime itself experienced an Americanization. Additionally, this process of Americanization was key not only to the rise but also to the downfall of Jewish American blue-collar crime in New York.
CLINICAL AND FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FEATURELESS RETINA IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Patro Kumari , Samantaray Balakrushna , Moharana Nibedita , Satpathy Suchismita
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Diabetes retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness. According to "Statistics on blindness in the Model Reporting Area 1969-70," diabetic retinopathy was responsible for 11.1% of all new cases of legal blindness and 19.1% of those aged 20-64 years. The study objectives were to investigate diabetic retinopathy in the context of age of onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and metabolic control, to investigate the relationship of diabetic retinopathy with age and gender of the patients, to investigate the different stages of retinopathy and their analysis, and to investigate the benefits of fluorescein angiography.
Methods: This one-year retrospective study was carried out at SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha. After pupillary dilatation with a combination of phenylephrine and tropicamide eye drops (e.g. Tropicacyl plus eyedrops), the initial examination began with a fundus inspection with a direct ophthalmoscope. To avoid cardiovascular problems, effort was taken to rule out hypertension in the patient before administering these eyedrops.
Results: The current study included data from 50 diabetic patients who visited SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha outpatient department or were hospitalised within a one-year period.
Conclusion: Fundus Fluorescein Angiography is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic method. The procedure is useful in the diagnosis, treatment, documentation, and follow-up of patients, as well as in keeping a permanent record of the stages of retinopathy, which is useful in understanding the course of the disease in the patient, as well as the patient's response to treatment and follow-up.