bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current epidemiology and implication for microbiological diagnosis of cryptococcal infections in Korea
Authors: Kim Myeong Hee
Published: December 2024

Cryptococcosis is a major invasive fungal infection affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts worldwide and is mainly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. C. neoformans accounts for 90% of all infections and primarily causes central nervous system infections. Although C. gattii is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, infections have recently been reported in temperate areas such as Korea. Genetic studies in Korea indicated that most C. neoformans strains are of the VNIST5 type and show genetic homogeneity. In contrast, genetic studies on C. gattii are limited. Cryptococcosis is diagnosed using microscopy, serological tests, culture, and molecular tests. Although it can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid or body fluids using the India ink method, confirmation through culture is essential for a definitive diagnosis. Cryptococcal antigen testing is economical, highly sensitive, and specific; therefore, it is widely used for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Molecular methods have recently been introduced; however, their applications remain limited. The recommended treatment for cryptococcal infections includes amphotericin B alone or in combination with flucytosine or fluconazole. Secondary resistance to flucytosine and fluconazole is common. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommend the broth microdilution method. Several commercial methods for antifungal susceptibility testing have been developed and are currently in use; however, more data are required to establish breakpoints.
Risk of inaccurate species identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and of false carbapenem resistance by automated susceptibility analysis of Enterobacter spp.
Authors: Kim Young Ah
Published: December 2024

Enterobacter species were isolated from the sputum of an 84-year-old female patient with fever, chills, cellulitis in the right elbow, and pyogenic arthritis in the left shoulder. The bacteria were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). This strain was defined as a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) by the MicroScan NG MIC 44 panel without applying the revised guidelines of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency properly. MALDI-TOF MS is commonly used to determine species, but the accurate identification of Enterobacter subspecies remains challenging. An Etest or disk diffusion test is recommended to confirm ertapenem resistance when an isolate exhibits resistance solely to ertapenem among carbapenems.
Cutaneous infection caused by Prototheca wickerhamii identified using VITEK MS following pretreatment with a mold-extraction protocol: a case report
Authors: Shin Dong Heon , Kim Joon , Lee Wee Gyo
Published: December 2024

Prototheca wickerhamii is an achlorophyllic algae that rarely acts as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. We report the case of a 66-year-old female patient with a history of diabetes mellitus who presented with a pus-like discharge from face, facial redness, and swelling. The patient was admitted to the emergency room with worsening facial pain. Gram staining from pus-like discharge revealed yeast like features; however, an isolated colony on a blood agar plate was not identified using VITEK 2 (Biomerieux) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) using VITEK®MS (Biomerieux). Lactophenol cotton blue staining of the colony revealed characteristic sporangia and endospore features. After performing the protein extraction procedure for filamentous fungi (mold) isolates using ethanol and formic acid, MALDI-TOF MS identified the colony as Prototheca wickerhamii, with 99.9% confidence. This case indicates that Prototheca spp. require specialized sample preparation steps, such as the ethanol/formic acid extraction procedure, for identification using MALDI-TOF MS.
Evaluation of pain perception using a vibrating toothbrush during the administration of local anesthesia in children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alam Pinjari Meerza , Nirmala SVSG , Nuvvula Sivakumar
Published: December 2024

Aim: Effective pain management is a critical and challenging aspect of behavior management in children during dental procedures. Among nonpharmacological methods for achieving painless local anesthesia (LA), devices utilizing the vibrotactile method have shown promise. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a vibrating toothbrush in alleviating pain during the administration of an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) in children aged 6–11 years. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving children aged 6–11 years requiring mandibular local anesthesia. Fifty-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 received topical anesthetic spray, and Group 2 used a vibrating toothbrush. Pain during injection was objectively assessed using the Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale, while subjective pain after LA administration was evaluated using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). Pain scores were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean FPS-R score for the topical anesthetic spray group was 4.26, compared to 2.53 for the vibrating toothbrush group, demonstrating a statistically significant difference (P = 0.03). The mean SEM score for the vibrating toothbrush group was lower (2.06) than that of the topical anesthetic spray group (1.66), though the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.17). Conclusions: The vibrating toothbrush proved more effective in reducing pain compared to topical anesthetic spray during the administration of mandibular anesthesia in children.
A newborn with an oral mass on maxillary alveolar ridge: A case report
Authors: White Bethany , J. Berry Elizabeth , H. Unkel John , Aboutanos Sharline
Published: December 2024

A congenital epulis, also known as a granular cell tumor of the newborn or Neumann’s tumor, is a rare benign lesion observed in newborns. Literature on its diagnosis, treatment, and particularly long-term follow-up findings remains limited. This unique tumor typically arises from the maxillary alveolar ridge, potentially interfering with feeding and, in some cases, obstructing the airway. Careful management is crucial to achieving successful outcomes. This case report describes the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of a congenital epulis until 28 months of age. A healthy female newborn presented soon after birth with a large mass protruding from the anterior maxilla. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast was performed to accurately delineate the lesion’s borders and rule out vascular involvement. Imaging revealed a hypointense mass in the left anterior maxilla measuring approximately 2 cm in all dimensions, with no vascular involvement. The lesion was surgically excised at two weeks of age using electrosurgery and sharp dissection under general anesthesia. Follow-up at 28 months revealed no recurrence of the mass; however, unique sequelae were observed. The primary left central incisor was absent, and the primary left lateral incisor was malformed.
3D Pore-Scale Mixing Interface Evolution
Authors: M C Hallack Daniel , Sole-Mari Guillem , Farhat Saif , Bolster Diogo
Published: December 2024

The effective mixing behavior of solutes in porous media is fundamentally connected to the development of a local mixing interface between the two initial solutions, which is characterized by a complex lamellar structure. The deformation of the interface is controlled by the interplay of advection and diffusion, which generate the mechanisms of lamella  stretching and shrinking, respectively. Based on the results of pore-scale numerical simulations, we develop a mechanistic single parabolic lamella model (SPLM) to capture the interface evolution across various temporal and P'eclet number scales. The model shows near-perfect agreement with a 2D parallel plates scenario and promising results for a 3D porous medium. The SPLM model also establishes P'eclet regimes for the equilibrium area and temporal regimes for the transient behavior of the interface. These findings represent a step forward towards eventually incorporating mixing limitation into general macroscopic reactive transport models.
Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory: Why Bother?
Authors: Weigand Timothy M. , Gray William G. , Miller Cass T.
Published: December 2024

Porous medium researchers and practitioners usually rely on macroscale models to represent systems of concern. While macroscale models have often been formulated phenomenologically, the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT) provides a means to rigorously derive closed macroscale models for a wide variety of systems. However, the TCAT approach can appear overwhelmingly complicated, the entry point for use unclear, and the advantages not self-evident. In response to these perceived shortcomings, we demonstrate several aspects of TCAT macroscale model formulations for single-fluid flow in a porous medium.  Specifically, we illustrate an essentially exact macroscale model derived from a rigorous connection across scales, show how an entropy inequality can be used to derive an approximate macroscale form for the Stokes-flow regime, and examine models in the transition flow regime. A special emphasis is placed upon leveraging available results, and other application opportunities are summarized.
Effects of Continuous Moderate Intensity Training (MICT) and Intermittent Calorie Restriction on Changes in Blood Sugar Levels and The Number of Pancreatic Beta Cells of Female Mice Pancreas (Mus Musculus) on A High Glycemic Index Diet
Authors: Putri Belia Nurmaulida Anindito , Setiawan Hayuris Kinandita , Rimbun Rimbun , Humairah Ira , Ismail Alfatih Muhammad
Published: December 2024

A diet with a high glycemic index can cause metabolic disease and requires prevention through exercise, diet, or both. This study examined the effect of a combination of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) and Intermittent Calorie Restriction (CR) on blood glucose levels and pancreatic beta cells in female mice (Mus musculus) fed with a high glycemic index diet. Using a randomized control trial, four groups were studied: control group (KN), intermittent CR (KI), MICT (KL), and combination group (KK), with interventions including diet reduction and swimming training. KI had the highest change in blood glucose levels after and before intervention, followed by KN, KK, and KL with fasting blood glucose levels and two-hour postprandial glucose levels respectively, KN (26.50 ± 32.42) and (31.25 ± 26.17), KI (44.00 ± 19.84) and (49.40 ± 20.84), KL (-2.67 ± 32.87) and (4.83 ± 15.33), KK (15.67 ± 44.12) and ( 13.50 ± 32.02), with not significantly different. The number of beta cells in each group was KN (74.43 ± 27.45), KI (63.68 ± 34.23), KL (71.08 ± 31.69), and KK (82.22 ± 83, 92), not significantly different. There were no significant changes or effects on blood sugar levels and beta cell numbers in female mice (Mus musculus) fed a high glycemic index diet combined with MICT and intermittent CR.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Body Mass Index with Hemoglobin A1c in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pratiwi Yunita Putri Ragil , Rochmah Nur , Wironegoro Rio , Putra Azwin Menghindra
Published: December 2024

Background: In children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), extensive destruction of pancreatic β-cells is observed, primarily mediated by autoimmune processes. Physical activity functions to increase insulin sensitivity, thereby aiding in the maintenance of good glycemic control and body mass index (BMI) in T1DM patients. Glycemic control in children with T1DM is commonly monitored through hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity and BMI with HbA1c levels in children with T1DM. Methods: This research employs an observational analytic method to assess the association of physical activity and BMI with HbA1c levels in children with T1DM in a cross-sectional design at a specific sample and time frame. Sampling was conducted using the consecutive random sampling method, in line with the research criteria, followed by distributing questionnaires to the parents or caregivers of children with T1DM at the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital. Physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Results: A total of 37 samples were obtained for this study, with the following details: The range of HbA1c among respondents was 6.8%–13.6%, with an average HbA1c of 9.44% (high risk). The range of physical activity levels, as measured by the PAQ-C and PAQ-A, was between 1 and 5, with an average activity level of 2. The respondents’ BMI ranged from 8.44 to 26.02, with an average BMI of 18.81 (underweight). The study results showed no significant association between physical activity (p = 0.373) and BMI (p = 0.230) with HbA1c levels in children with T1DM, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Conclusion: No significant association was found between physical activity and BMI with HbA1c levels in children with T1DM.
Impact of Comorbidity in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: Literature Review
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Nabil , Syafa’Ah Irmi , Mudjanarko Sony Wibisono , Permatasari Ariani
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings, due to its high prevalence, significant morbidity, and emerging drug resistance. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a critical complication in TB, with mortality rates reaching 65–74%. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM), HIV/AIDS, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly contribute to the pathophysiology, incidence, and severity of ARF in TB patients. DM exacerbates TB through impaired immune responses, chronic inflammation, and heightened risk of secondary infections, while hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress further damages lung parenchyma. HIV/AIDS accelerates TB progression by impairing immune defenses, increasing systemic and local inflammation, and predisposing patients to opportunistic infections, culminating in severe pulmonary damage. COPD, with its shared risk factors with TB, worsens ventilation-perfusion mismatch, promotes secondary infections, and amplifies respiratory distress through structural lung damage and inflammation. This review underscores the critical need for an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to managing comorbidities alongside TB to improve clinical outcomes. Effective strategies should include timely diagnosis, optimal management of comorbidities, and tailored interventions for ARF, particularly in developing nations. Future research is essential to develop targeted preventive and therapeutic protocols to mitigate the burden of ARF in TB patients, reduce mortality, and improve quality of life. These insights are crucial for advancing public health policies and clinical care for TB and its complications.
Does Duration of Illness Affect HbA1C Level of Type 1 DM Children?
Authors: Darmawan Ikhsan Rifai , Rochmah Nur , Prajitno Jongky Hendro , Pratama Rendy Steven
Published: December 2024

Background: HbA1C is average blood glucose levels for the last two or three months. The ideal level of HbA1C in diabetes sufferers is 6.5% or below. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that is often found in children with an increasing prevalence. This disease is included in the group of metabolic diseases with the characteristic of hyperglycemia which occurs due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin function, or both. Objective: To find out whether the duration of illness has a relationship with the HbA1C level of type 1 DM children. Method: This study is a cross-sectional analytical study. The study was administered on 37 Type 1 DM children who underwent control at the Pediatric Endocrinology Polyclinic of Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital. Data collection was done by questionnaire and interview. Data analysis was done by Pearson Product Moment correlation. Result: The analysis showed that there is no significant correlation between the HbA1C levels of type 1 DM children.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
Authors: García Angel Gabriel Hernández , Velázquez Francisco Javier Aguilar , Zamora Ana Karen Martínez , Reyes Jonny Carmona , Vazquez Ernesto Mendoza
Published: December 2024

The design of the CNC is a project that arises from a social perspective, considering that this project is developed with the purpose of obtaining machined parts for the PLM laboratory and thus assisting with the activities of the students at the Technological University of Tlaxcala. Therefore, the general stages of numerical control are described as a system that allows the control of a machining tool through a control panel and software. The commands are executed from the panel and sent to the machine to comply with the established guidelines. There are several basic principles in the operation of CNC machines, such as 3D programming and interpolation. The former allows users to create 3D digital models of the parts they wish to manufacture, enabling greater precision and control in the machining process. On the other hand, interpolation refers to the simultaneous movement of various machine axes to achieve a specific pattern or shape on the part during the machining process. This process allows the production of complex parts with high precision. The main components of a CNC machine include the CNC router with computer numerical control, which is essentially composed of the same elements as any other machine with this technology: a program, a controller, a machine tool, and a support structure. An analysis of the system’s operation was conducted using variables such as initial and final values to compare theoretical data with the actual data obtained during the operation. The CNC machining process uses computer-controlled cutting tools to produce parts with precise shapes and sizes. One of the advantages of CNC programming is that multiple parts can be produced from a single CAD file, which increases efficiency and reduces costs. Additionally, the produced parts have high precision and consistency.
The Role of Maternal Hypertension in the Development of Preeclampsia : A Literature Review
Authors: Azzahra Kendria Bilbina , Ardiana Meity , Sa’adii Ashon
Published: December 2024

Maternal hypertension is a critical factor in the development of preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and potential complications for both the mother and fetus. This literature review explores the complex interplay of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors leading to preeclampsia, with a focus on the role of maternal hypertension. The condition can be categorized into preeclampsia with and without severe features, impacting both maternal and fetal health. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia involves insufficient placental blood flow and a cascade of inflammatory responses that disrupt normal blood vessel function. Diagnosis hinges on blood pressure measurements and proteinuria, with severe cases marked by additional clinical symptoms such as organ dysfunction and neurological issues. Managing preeclampsia involves careful monitoring and, in severe cases, delivery to prevent worsening conditions. Long-term risks include cardiovascular complications for affected mothers. This review highlights the importance of early detection and management to reduce adverse outcomes for both mothers and newborns.
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria on Burn Wound Patients: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Dewani Nasywaa Tiara , Budi Agus Santoso , Koendhori Eko Budi
Published: December 2024

Burn injuries are commonly complicated by health-associated infections (HAIs), and bacterial infections are one of the major threats to recovery in burn patients. In these patients, early and appropriate antibiotic therapy is critical because delayed treatment can increase mortality. Diagnosis of infection in these patients is also challenging because the symptoms of burn- induced inflammation overlap with those of infection. Empiric antibiotic therapy is often initiated in response to clinical manifestations, but it is important to modify the treatment regimen once microbiological findings are obtained. Commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of infections related to burns include cefotaxime, amikacin, and cefuroxime, which exhibit broad spectrum activity against a wide range of pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Despite their activity, an increased incidence of antibiotic resistance, including multidrug resistance, has made the treatment challenging. Resistance mechanisms, such as efflux pumps, inactivation by enzymes, and target-site modifications, have a key role in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For this reason, susceptibility testing is crucial, and treatment should be altered based on the obtained results. It is of paramount importance to understand bacterial resistance dynamics and the correct use of antibiotics in order to treat burn patients effectively, especially within the hospital setting, where nosocomial infections are common. The increasing apprehension regarding antibiotic resistance underscores the necessity for ongoing monitoring and the innovation of new antimicrobial approaches to address resistant pathogens in the context of burn treatment.
Born with Clouded Eyes: A Literature Review on Congenital Cataract in Pediatric Ophthalmology
Authors: Triviera Putri Bunga , Prastyani Reni , Azzahra Kendria Bilbina
Published: December 2024

There are about 70 million cases of childhood blindness and congenital cataract is one of the most major cause of blindness in children. This disease appears at birth or early phase after postnatal and can be seen by the appearance of lens opacity. Congenital cataract can occur in one or both eyes. The epidemiology of congenital cataracts varies across different populations, with the condition presenting as either isolated or part of a syndrome associated with other systemic abnormalities. The etiology of congenital cataracts is multifactorial, encompassing genetic factors, prenatal infections, metabolic disorders, and other environmental influences. In many cases, the precise cause may remain unclear. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination, with early detection being crucial for effective management. Management often involves surgical intervention to remove the cataract and may include the use of corrective measures, such as intraocular lenses or visual rehabilitation. Timely intervention and follow-up care are essential to optimize visual outcomes and minimize the risk of long-term visual impairment. This review aims to provide an overview of congenital cataracts in children, discussing the condition’s definition, epidemiology, potential causes, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies, with an emphasis on improving outcomes through early intervention.
Comparison Between Culprit-Lesion Only and Complete PCI in Patients with STEMI and Multivessel Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Soesanta Rasagama Putra , Novianto Rifky Alif
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), remain a leading cause of global mortality, with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) being a major manifestation. Among ACS conditions, ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion has long been the standard approach for STEMI, but the role of complete revascularization, involving PCI of both the culprit and non-culprit lesions, remains a subject of debate. This literature review compares culprit-lesion-only PCI and complete PCI in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease. Studies show that complete PCI is associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and the need for repeat revascularization, compared to culprit-lesion-only PCI. Furthermore, early complete revascularization, particularly guided by physiology, appears to improve long-term survival and reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. These findings suggest that complete PCI may be the preferred strategy for patients with STEMI and multivessel disease, offering improved prognosis by addressing high-risk coronary plaques early in the disease process.
Quality of Life of Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia After Covid-19 Pandemic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Ilahi Muhammad Syaichullah Ghazur , Faizi Muhammad , Ernawati Ernawati , Rochmah Nur
Published: December 2024

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a recessive autosomal disease that affects the synthesis of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex. Patients with CAH usually have their quality of life affected by symptoms of increased androgens and virilization, the mental burden of daily drug consumption, and anxiety about adrenal crisis. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic will also affect the quality of life of CAH children. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the demographic data and quality of life of CAH children after the COVID-19 pandemic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Method: This study is descriptive research because it only describes the quality of life of CAH children after the COVID-19 pandemic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The design used is Cross Sectional which emphasizes the measurement time at one time. The sample of this study is children to adolescents aged 2-18 years who were diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. This study uses primary data obtained from filling out the results of the PedsQL version 4.0 questionnaire through Google Forms. Result: The results of the study were obtained from 21 samples who were willing to fill out the questionnaire and 20 samples that were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The study sample consisted of toddlers (age 2-4 years, n = 6), young children (age 5-7 years, n = 7), children (age 8-12 years, n = 6), and adolescents (age 13-18 years, n = 1). CAH children are dominated by 13 (65%) women. The education of CAH children is the most at the kindergarten level. The education of parents of CAH children is the highest high school level and the highest socioeconomic level is the middle level (1.2 million – 6 million). Conclusion: The quality of life of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia after the COVID-19 pandemic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya namely the age group of 2-4 years has a total score of 75.6, the age group of 5-7 years has a total score of 76.62 (child report) and 78.42 (parent report), the age group of 8-12 years has a total score of 78.62 (child report) and 76.63 (parent report), and the age group of 13-18 years has a total score of 80.43 (child report) and 82.61 (parent report).
Internet Addiction and ADHD: Exploring Behavioral and Cognitive Correlations in Children
Authors: Naomy Ilonee Ardianti Batari , Setiawati Yunias , Irwanto Irwanto , Ranjan Aishwarya
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) is a behavioral condition affecting cognition and daily functionality, particularly in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This literature review explores the intersection of ADHD and IAD, focusing on behavioral vulnerabilities and the implications of digital overuse. Methods: A systematic review of current research was conducted, highlighting the prevalence, symptoms, and co-occurrence of IAD and ADHD. Results: Evidence indicates that children with ADHD are 6-9 times more likely to develop IAD due to traits like impulsivity and inattention. Interventions addressing digital habits and awareness are essential to mitigate the risk. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between IAD and ADHD is crucial for creating effective strategies to optimize the development of affected children.
Deep Learning: Automating the Future of Stem Cell Bioimage Analysis
Authors: Priyaka I Gusti Ngurah Krishna
Published: December 2024

The use of deep learning has been explored in various fields of science. Deep learning utilizes artificial neural networks which contain neurons arranged in layers to analyze data and generate predictions. Several deep learning architectures have been used in image recognition and analysis, including bioimage analysis in stem cell research. Stem cells, with their differentiation potential, are widely used in drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative treatments. In stem cell research, it is essential to identify and track which cell lineage stem cells have differentiated into. Until recently, this has been done with the use of molecular labeling and manual methods, which are mostly subjective and error-prone. The use of deep learning to identify and classify stem cells offers potential solutions of automation, and cost-effectiveness, in addition to high performance accuracy. This article summarizes how deep learning can be used in identifying stem cells, along with their current limitations.
Penile Siliconoma: Case Report
Authors: Pentury Alfonsina Chrissan , Mailoa Ninoy Philip
Published: December 2024

Background: Injection of high-viscosity fluids such as paraffin and mineral oil into the genitals is often done by non-professionals in a non-standardized manner. The goal is to enlarge the size of the peis although many serious complications are caused by this practice including complications such as penile siliconoma. Case presentation: A 29-year-old male patient came with complaints of difficulty urinating for 1 week. Complaints were accompanied by swelling and redness around the penis and pain. Previously 3 days ago, the patient tried to enlarge his penis by inserting liquid Vaseline gel with a syringe into the inside of the penis skin until the penis enlarged. On physical examination, a mass was found in the penis region accompanied by edema. The patient was treated conservatively and with excision. Discussion: Early signs of penile siliconoma include swelling, redness, and edema, giving the impression of a larger penis, caused by the body’s reaction to exogenous lipids, with definitive treatment being excision of the mass to prevent organ dysfunction. Conclusion: Penile siliconoma occurs due to infection of high-viscosity fluid in this case silicone with the aim of enlarging the penis has many effects that damage the sexual and cosmetic function of the organ. Conservative therapy can be done to reduce inflammation while definitive therapy is by excision.
The Role of Candesartan in Heart Failure Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Robbani Nabila Nidaul Fitria , Purwaningsih Sri , Rahmianti Nia Dyah , Ardiana Meity
Published: December 2024

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition with increasing prevalence due to an aging population and higher rates of comorbidities. Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), has gained recognition as an effective treatment option for heart failure, particularly for patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It works by inhibiting the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which reduces vasoconstriction, fluid retention, and cardiac remodeling, all key contributors to heart failure progression. Despite its clinical significance, the full scope of its efficacy and optimal usage remains under investigation. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of candesartan in the treatment of heart failure, focusing on its impact on morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcomes, based on clinical studies and trials. Method: A thorough literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and NEJM. Relevant studies were identified using keywords like “candesartan,” “heart failure,” and “mechanism of action of candesartan,” focusing on clinical trials and studies assessing its role in heart failure management. Result: Clinical trials, particularly the CHARM study, show that candesartan significantly reduces mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients, especially those with HFrEF. However, its use requires monitoring for potential side effects, including hypotension and renal dysfunction. Further studies are needed to refine dosing and assess long-term safety.
The Protective Role of Silver Nanoparticles and Centella Asiatica Extract in Hypertension Management: A Literature Review
Authors: Situmorang Sonya Marella Tiomaulan , Pratama Rendy Steven , Regita Rania Zahra , I’tishom Reny
Published: December 2024

Hypertension remains a leading global health issue, affecting over 1.28 billion adults and necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study explores the synergistic potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Centella Asiatica extracts in hypertension management through a comprehensive systematic literature review. AgNPs offer precision and enhanced bioavailability in drug delivery, exhibiting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties essential for cardiovascular protection. Similarly, Centella Asiatica, a traditional herbal remedy, provides comparable efficacy to conventional antihypertensive drugs by targeting oxidative stress, modulating the renin-angiotensin system, and enhancing nitric oxide production. Despite their potential, challenges such as nanoparticle toxicity and the need for optimized herbal extraction methods remain critical Experimental evidence supports the efficacy of these interventions in reducing blood pressure and protecting against hypertension-induced organ damage. The integration of nanotechnology and herbal medicine presents a promising, personalized therapeutic paradigm, addressing both the complexity and variability of hypertension pathophysiology. Future research must emphasize safety, precision, and sustainability in developing these innovative approaches. By incorporating advanced nanotechnological methods and traditional medicinal wisdom, this study paves the way for a more holistic and effective hypertension management framework.
Hypoallergenic Foods in Pediatric Nutrition: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Putri Utami Dian , Putera Azwin Mengindra , Fetarayani Deasy , Hidayat Taufiq
Published: December 2024

Background: Food allergies are a growing concern in pediatric populations, with cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) being the most prevalent. CMPA affects 2–3% of children globally and can lead to poor nutritional status, impaired growth, and reduced quality of life. Hypoallergenic foods, particularly extensively hydrolyzed formulas (EHFs) and amino acid-based formulas (AAFs), are essential dietary interventions for managing CMPA and preventing allergy development. Objective: This review evaluates hypoallergenic foods’ efficacy, safety, and clinical applications in pediatric allergy prevention and management. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and guidelines related to hypoallergenic formulas, their clinical outcomes, and allergy prevention strategies in children. Results: EHFs and AAFs are proven effective in managing cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) and improving growth outcomes. EHFs are recommended for mild-to-moderate cases, while AAFs are the standard for severe allergies. Emerging evidence suggests that probiotic-supplemented formulas may enhance tolerance. Clinical guidelines emphasize early intervention in high-risk infants to reduce allergy development. Conclusion: Hypoallergenic foods play a critical role in pediatric allergy management, with EHFs and AAFs as key dietary interventions. Continued research is needed to improve formula composition and long-term outcomes.
The Relationship Between Environmental Care for Children Aged 2-3 Years and Nutritional Status in Tambaksari District, Surabaya
Authors: Jaya Angelita Berlian , Umijati Sri , Irmawati Mira , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: December 2024

Background: Nutritional status is a crucial aspect of children’s health, as it directly impacts their growth and cognitive development. Adequate nutrition and a healthy environment are vital for optimal physical and cognitive growth in children. The parenting practices of mothers in providing a nurturing environment play a significant role in ensuring children’s well-being. Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between environmental care and the nutritional status of children aged 2-3 years at the Pacar Keling Health Center, Tambaksari District, Surabaya. Method: This study used a cross-sectional method and employed simple random sampling to select participants based on specific research criteria. The sample comprised mothers with children aged 2-3 years attending the Pacar Keling Health Center. Data collection involved distributing questionnaires to the mothers. The chi-square test was performed as a bivariate analysis to find a relationship between variables. Result: The statistics test obtained a p-value of 0,01 for the child’s environmental and children’s nutritional status based on weight-for-age and height-for-age, but a p-value of 0,302 based on weight-for-height (p>0,05). Conclusion: There’s a significant relationship between children’s environmental care with children’s nutritional status based on weight-for-age and height-for-age but not on weight-for-height. The Health Department can promote preventive measures for undernutrition, stunting, and malnutrition, such as handwashing education and improved sanitation. Local health cadres can encourage proper handwashing and sanitation in the community to prevent these issues, especially among young children. Future researchers are encouraged to explore nutrition.
The Impact of Perineal Massage on Reducing Perineal Tears: A Literature Review
Authors: Mardianti Mardianti , Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Andriati Andriati , Utomo Budi
Published: December 2024

Background: Perineal tears occurs in 85% of women undergoing vaginal delivery and can lead to various complications such as bleeding, reproductive organ dysfunction, and lacerations. Objective: This study aims to review the effect of perineal massage on the occurrence of perineal tears in postpartum women, based on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature. Method: A narrative literature review approach was employed in this study. Secondary data from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect published within the last 10 years were analyzed, with a total of nine articles included in the review. Result: Perineal massage, particularly when started in the third trimester, has been shown to reduce the incidence of perineal tears and the need for episiotomy. Studies indicated that regular massage significantly improved perineal tissue elasticity and reduced the severity of perineal tears.
KRŠĆANSTVO U DJELIMA MUSLIMANSKIH KLASIKA
Authors: Gobeljić Saudin
Published: December 2024

The following piece of work thematizes in a very scientific way one of the great mainstream religious traditions, and, primarily, from the recourse of the interpretative/intellectual tradition of Islam (islām 'aqlī), which as such relies on the constitutive sources of faith. In etymological, i.e. terminological sense, it determines what is understood and meant under the term an-naṣārā. By means of scientific instruments formed in the frame of Islamic Theology of Religions, this work deals with the problem of authenticity and originality of the Holy Christian Script and the most important doctrinal teachings. 

Namely, the idea of God's Unity (tawḥīd), from the perspective of Islam represents the starting point in perceiving other religious traditions and their teachings. On those foundations, Muslim authors, and the best examples are classic authors such as al-Māturīdī, al-Bāqillānī, al-Ash'arī, al-Ğuwainī, al-Bīrūnī, al-Bagdādī, consider the credibility of doctrines within other religious teachings. Furthermore, the most important and famous sects that were formed from this religious tradition were represented through the historical-theological discourse. 

In that sense, the above-mentioned Christian sects disagree on many doctrines and theological interpretations. With all these overriding problems, in a very objective way, classic Muslim authors will deal in their works, in the context of Islamic Theology of Religions, using the intertextual dialogue form as the need of that time. 
RAZUMIJEVANJE SREĆE – FILOZOFSKA I TEOLOŠKA PERSPEKTIVA
Authors: Halilović Esmir
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the concept of happiness from the perspective of Islamic theology and tradition. In modern society, happiness is often perceived through the lens of material goods and individual rights, while Islamic tradition offers a deeper, spiritual framework for its understanding. The author analyzes the distinction between ancient and modern conceptions of happiness, highlighting that true happiness is rooted in spiritual fulfillment and living in accordance with God’s commandments. The paper also examines how different linguistic definitions and philosophical schools, including Greek and hedonistic traditions, shape the understanding of happiness, and how Islam, by emphasizing a balance between the material and spiritual, offers a holistic approach to this fundamental question of human existence. Through a comparison with the American Declaration of Independence and modern social norms, the author critically re-evaluates the hedonistic approach to happiness, emphasizing the dangers of seeking happiness solely in sensory pleasures. The paper concludes that happiness is a complex state that involves more than fleeting feelings of satisfaction and that true happiness requires a deep understanding of life’s purpose and spiritual effort.
PERCEPCIJA PODRUČJA DJELOVANJA ASISTENATA U NASTAVI, OPTEREĆENOST ULOGA I POTEŠKOĆE U NJIHOVOM PROFESIONALNOM DJELOVANJU
Authors: Bošnjaković Ajša , Maglić Azemina
Published: December 2024

Educational inclusion is a permanent process that enables equal participation of all students in the teaching process, allowing them to realize their potential. Teaching assistants greatly facilitate the participation of students with developmental disabilities in the educational process. The aim of this research is to examine the current position of assistants in teaching, to determine the areas of their professional activity, to define the role difficulties they face, as well as to investigate their proposals for promotion and improvement of the role of assistants, and thus educational inclusion. For the purposes of the research, a semi-structured interview was conducted with a total of four people, two of whom are from the area of ​​the Tuzla Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the other two are from the province of Lower Saxony in Germany. The thematic analysis revealed that the areas of work of teaching assistants in Bosnia and Herzegovina. and in the German context, in addition to work with students, they also include work with parents, teachers, other school professionals, as well as the employer who finances their work. Assistants face certain difficulties in each field of activity. With the help of their professionalism, flexibility and willingness to cooperate, assistants from Bosnia and Herzegovina. and the German context mostly manage to overcome the obstacles they encounter. The conclusion is that only through the joint action of all actors of educational inclusion can progress be achieved and the development of students with developmental disabilities can be improved.
Efficacy of Concentrated Growth Factor with Autograft and Xenograft in Mandible Fractures: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Malik Samreen , Abdul Hafeez Shaikh  , Tahera Ayub  , Amna Rehman  , Hijab Farid Khan  , Arifa Haque
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant therapy with Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) along with xenograft and autograft in mandible fractures, in terms of bone density gain and healing over the period of 6 months.
Methodology: This was a Randomized Clinical Trial conducted at a public sector tertiary care hospital in Karachi from May 2019 to July 2022. It included patients with mandible fractures requiring bone grafts due to non-union, delayed union, or mal-union. The patients were divided into three groups, each consisting of 20 patients. Group A underwent mandibular surgery using autograft alone, Group B received autograft combined with CGF, and Group C received xenograft combined with CGF. The participants were monitored using serial cone-beam computed tomography at the 4th and 6th months post-operatively to evaluate bone healing and bone density. By the end of the study, all cone-beam CT scans were evaluated for bone density.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in bone bulk formation across all three groups between the 4th and 6th month, highlighting the effectiveness of all treatment modalities (p < 0.001). However, intergroup comparison revealed that bone density was comparatively higher in groups B and C, where CGF was used as an adjuvant, than in group A. However, the mean difference in bone density over the 6 months period was similar for Group A (-229.2) and Group B (-227.7), while Group C showed a slightly greater mean difference of -237.9
Conclusion: CGF is equally effective with both autograft and xenograft. However, using CGF with xenograft is preferable, as it helps avoid donor site morbidity and reduces patient inconvenience associated with autograft harvesting.
Key words: Autograft, Concentrated Growth Factor, Xenograft, Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Mandible
Role of Metformin in Reducing the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Women
Authors: Shazia Rasul  , Maimunah Faruque Malik  , Tazion Shazia , Adnan Urooj Fatima
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate whether metformin administration reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in obese women and to examine its impact on the incidence of preeclampsia, birth weight, and the APGAR scores of newborns.
Methods: This experimental study was done at Shalamar Hospital, affiliated with Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan, from May1st 2022 to June 30, 2024. A total of 150 women with a BMI ≥ 30kg/m2, aged 18-40 years, between 11 to 14 weeks pregnant, were included. Those with contraindications to metformin, pre-existing diabetes, or any co-morbid medical disorder were excluded. The participants were divided into two groups with 75 in each: Group A the control group with only standard care. and Group B receiving metformin 250mg three times daily orally in addition to standard care. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed between 24 to 28 weeks and later at 32 weeks. The participants were followed till delivery to record preeclampsia, neonatal birth weight, and APGAR score.
Results: The mean age, gestational age, and BMI were similar between Group A (32.37 years, 11.37 weeks, 32.37 kg/m²) and Group B (31.35 years, 11.27 weeks, 32.3 kg/m²). The incidence of GDM (10% vs. 42%) and preeclampsia (13% vs. 74%) was significantly lower in the metformin group (p = 0.000). However, no significant differences were observed in birth weights or APGAR scores.
Conclusion: Metformin reduces the incidence of GDM and preeclampsia in obese women when started at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation, without affecting birth weight and APGAR score of neonates.