bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE AND TRENDS OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (TTIS) IN BLOOD DONORS OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR AND WAH CANTONMENT, NORTHERN PAKISTAN.
Authors: HAMID HUSSAIN  , NAEEM ULLAH  , SHAYAN QADIR  , SYED AIZAZ HUSSAIN ZAIDI  , NAMRA KHALIL  , HAMAYUN KHAN  , AYAZ AYUB
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) confirms Pakistan amongst those nations whichare affected the most by Hepatitis B and C. Studies also suggest blood transfusion to be one of the majorrisk factors for the high sero-prevalence of these diseases in the general population. Very few studieshave been carried out to establish the prevalence of TTIs among blood donors in Northern Pakistan. Toestimate the prevalence and trend of transfusion related transmission of infection in Northern Pakistan, astudy was carried out among records of blood donors to detect different infection from the year 2007 -2012.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study to audit the records of 423078 blood donors wascarried out in five major Blood Bank Units of Northern Pakistan which included Khyber TeachingHospital Peshawar, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Hamza Foundation Peshawar, Hayatabad MedicalComplex Peshawar and POF Hospital Wah Cantonment, Punjab from January 2007 through May 2012.In order to investigate differences among the trends of different variables in year 2007 - 2012, one-wayANOVA was used.RESULTS: Combined sero-prevalence of Transfusion Transmitted infections were calculated as4.245%. The break up is as follows: HCV Ab: 1.856% (7855), HBS Ag: 2.170% (9184), HIV Ab:0.0316% (134) and Syphilis: 0.315% (867). A mean increase in the number of blood donors (p-0.000 )was calculated while other infections also increased significantly [HBS Ag p=0.0001, HIV Ab p= HIVAb p=0.0051 and VDRL p=0.011] except HCV [/7=0.55/5], which remained steady over the years.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of infection of HCV during this period remained steady over theyears, however it is still high. Other transfusion transmitted infections showed increasing trend.Improvements such as provision of latest screening kits, maintenance of computerized records includingnecessary data for follow up should be made. We recommend ‘pre’ instead of ‘post’ donation screeningto be done because of the high seroprevalence of TTIs. Awareness campaigns, seminars and vaccinationprograms should be conducted by the health sector, especially for Hepatitis B.KEY WORDS: prevalence, transfusion, infections.
DYSLIPIDEMIA IN BETA THALASSAEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS
Authors: MUHAMMAD ASIF  , ASMA RASHEED
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Beta thalassaemia is the most common frequent hereditary blood disorderthroughout the world. Changes in lipid levels have been seen in different types of beta thalassaemia.OBJECTIVE: The aim of study was to evaluate the lipid profile (serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, serumtriglyceride) in beta-thalassemia major patients and to compare the lipid profile of beta-thalassemiamajor patients with healthy controlsMATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study we included clinically diagnosed 45 patients ofbeta thalassaemia major. The levels of Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc, were measuredby using latest techniques in clinical biochemistry laboratory.RESULTS: Our study revealed that in thalassaemic patients lipid pattern became altered had high levelof triglyceride, low level of cholesterol and low HDL-cholesterol levels and conclude that thalassaemicpatients are at risk of coronary heart disease .CONCLUSION: Significant variations were found which confirm that lipid changes occur in Bthalassaemic patients when Total cholesterol, Serum triglycerides, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are compared with normal healthy subjects. Multiple factorssuch as age, iron overload, hormonal changes and liver injury might cause these changes. As this studyfocus on lipid abnormalities in beta thalassaemia major, this may help clinicians in the management ofsuch patients.KEYWORDS: Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), Beta thalassaemia major.
Tutorial support of professional and personal development of young specialists
Authors: Boiko Svitlana
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes tutoring as a pedagogical phenomenon, a particular type of pedagogical activity, which is aimed at supporting and accompanying a young specialist in the process of their work in the first years of their professional activity.

Attention is drawn to the fact that tutoring is aimed at a comprehensive, systematic, holistic, comprehensive, and effective study of individual characteristics of young professionals in order to develop and implement an individual educational program of professional and diverse personal development.

The effectiveness of organizational and methodological principles of tutoring of young professionals in the institution of general secondary education of Ukraine according to certain criteria (organizational, motivational, pedagogical-procedural, psychological-procedural, information-technological, methodical-procedural, communicative, and cognitive ones) based on analysis, systematization, and summarizing the results of a pedagogical experiment at the national level on the topic: “Tutoring technology as a means of implementing the principle of individualization in education,” which was held in 2015–2020 (orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine as of 15.07.2015 No 764 and as of 04.12.2020 No 1499).

It is proved that the tutor (mentoring teacher) does not choose goals for the young specialist but only helps him to see alternative ways to achieve them; assists in the development of necessary personal traits and professional competencies.

The results of the research and experimental work showed that a young specialist forms into a professional due to the joint work of a tutor with a young specialist based on the use of tutoring technology and the support of the administration and the psychologist of the educational institution.

The tutor creates an educational environment that allows a young specialist to gain new knowledge and skills, helps to solve certain problems in their activities. At the same time, the tutor helps to make the most effective use of various scientific and methodological materials, the Internet, and the practical experience of other young specialists.
Art education and its importance in the formation of creative personality
Authors: Tarakanova Alisa
Published: October 2021

The article examines significant changes that occur in the field of education and lead to significant changes in the system of educational work with artistic and aesthetic education of young students, in particular through art education. The way of formation of the attitude of pedagogical collectives of general educational and out-of-school educational institutions to the process of formation of the personality connected with the multi-colored creative development of pupils is described.

The importance of art in art and aesthetic education of studying youth is actualized, based on the example of the experimental research in the Center of art and choreographic education «Barvinok».
The Yaoi Phenomenon in Thailand and Fan/Industry Interaction
Authors: Prasannam Natthanai
Published: October 2021

This article aims to explore yaoi phenomenon in Thailand particularly during the 2010s at the height of the industry involvement with yaoi fandom. The article draws on Paul Booth’s (2015) study of fan/industry interaction to expand existing scholarship on yaoi phenomenon in Thailand which tends to focus on textual readings linking back to the Japanese cultural origin, ethnographic research, and the aspect of queer cultural politics. The study also draws attention to GMMTV Company Limited, a key player in expanding the yaoi industry in Thailand and growing the fandom of Thai yaoi stars in different countries in Asia. The article discusses the way GMMTV expands yaoi industry through connections with the local book industry as well as its own star and music making divisions. It pays close attention to fan/industry interactions rooted in the industry-led mimetic practices inspired by yaoi fan culture. These practices include the act of “shipping” (pairing yaoi couples) through what fans referred to as Official Promotional Videos (OPVs) and television shows. The article then discusses the way GMMTV employs fan nostalgia to create memory-driven activities. The highly commercialized industry-led fan meeting also offers an interesting site to explore fan/industry interactions where fan-led practices were reenacted by the industry yet consumed by fans themselves.
Screening Place: Regional and Vernacular Cinemas in Cebu
Authors: Grant Paul
Published: October 2021

The history of autonomous cultural production in the Philippines has been both blessed and cursed with a series of significant but contentious debates largely stemming from the nation’s historical battles with colonialism and how that experience problematized the concept of an easily definable national identity. Using geographical concepts surrounding place to open up new approaches to understanding local cultural production, this essay turns to Philippine cinema as a propaedeutic for this contested history and traces the emergence and difficulties of vernacular and regional cinemas in Cebu, Philippines.
Exiles, Displacements, and Relocation through the Trauma of Birth in Anak, Barcelona, Dubai, and Milan
Authors: De Castro Imelda
Published: October 2021

Culture is the identification of a person or community’s origin. It is a set of values taught since birth and implemented throughout living. The variation of culture in the global setting is vast and allows other cultures to be affected by another. Filipino culture is very rich and passed down through generations, but Filipinos find it necessary to live and work away from their homeland. This study aims to prove the cultural ramifications experienced by the Filipino diaspora through selected Filipino movies. Anak, Barcelona, Dubai, and Milan shed light on the experiences of Filipino people overseas, especially their sufferings and sacrifices. With the guidance of Rank, Freire, and Propp, cultural ramification was observed in the portrayal of the selected movies which are not far from the real experiences of the Filipino diaspora.
“Dainty hands do useful work”: Depicting Filipino women in Japanese wartime propaganda
Authors: Candelaria John Lee
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the visual depiction of women in the Tribune, the main propaganda newspaper of Japan in the Philippines during the Pacific War. Japanese wartime propaganda painted an image of a productive and cooperative Filipina, respectable and modest like her Japanese counterpart. The analysis reveals three motivations for depicting women in said light: to show a semblance of normalcy despite the turbulent war, to entice women to serve Japan’s aims, and to disprove the Japanese women’s image as subservient wives or entertainers while asserting the connection between the two countries. Analyzing the depiction of women in Japanese propaganda contributes to the understanding of war as a gendered phenomenon. Beyond seeing women as symbols of the private obligations for which men fight or as surrogate objects of sexual desire, the image of women was perceived to be instrumental in showcasing Japan’s New Order.
Experience in Implementing Distance Learning Technologies in an International Context
Authors: Serhiienko Maiia S. , Liutyi Volodymyr M. , Wilson Megan
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by socio-cultural processes, which necessitate the revision of methods for organising the educational process, in particular the transition to distance learning, and the establishment of correlations with international standards. The purpose of the article is to identify the features, advantages, and disadvantages of distance learning, along with the prospects for development in accordance with the comparative analysis of Ukrainian and foreign experience with distance education. Methods and techniques varied depending on the tasks at each research stage, thus, the method of a targeted selection, the comparative method, the generalisation and systematisation of the theoretical material, and others were applied. The article substantiates the prospects for the development and implementation of distance learning technologies. The Ukrainian and foreign studies which focus on the “distance education” are analysed; ways of the distance learning implementation are outlined; the conditions for the appropriate and effective distance learning introduction are indicated; advantages and disadvantages of the distance learning are identified, the urgency of the development of distance education in Ukraine is substantiated. The factors that contributed to the emergence and development of distance learning courses are highlighted, the current problems of introduction of distance learning technologies are specified. The article compares the experience of introducing distance learning in different countries, which is based on statistics for 2020-2021. It is stated that the student of the distance learning course must have great will and motivation, be able to properly organise their time, since distance learning is directly aimed at self-education and self-development of the learner. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the application of distance technologies in the educational activities of higher education institutions and in accelerating the modernisation and adaptation of the current education system in Ukraine, in accordance with the requirements and trends of the global education sphere
Psychological and Pedagogical Features of Training Future Psychologists
Authors: Shcherban Tetiana D. , Bretsko Iryna I. , Varha Victoriya S.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the topic submitted for consideration in the framework of this scientific research is determined by the need for a deep study of various aspects of training future specialists in the field of psychology in higher pedagogical educational institutions, in the context of the wide demand for the specialty of a psychologist in society and the need to improve the quality of training specialists in this field. The main purpose of this research work is to study the key features of psychological and pedagogical training of future psychology specialists at the stage of training in an educational institution, from the point of view of forming their competencies necessary for conducting further professional activities. The leading approach in this research work is a combination of methods of systematic analysis of the currently available methods of training specialists in the field of psychology with an analytical study of the features of teaching in modern educational institutions, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, in order to form the most complete and objective picture of scientific research. The results obtained in the course of this research reflect the existing problems of the modern education system in the context of the training system of future psychologists, both professional and from a purely pedagogical point of view, and serve as a qualitative basis for formulating final conclusions based on them. The results and conclusions of this research work are of significant practical importance for improving the training systems of future psychologists in modern educational institutions in terms of forming their competencies necessary for high-quality further professional activity
Development of Logical Thinking in Creative Computer Science Lessons Using Inventive Problem-Solving Technology
Authors: Chernenko Varvara P. , Hrytsiuk Olena S. , Kyrylakha Natalia H. , Bryl Tetiana S.
Published: October 2021

Modern school education should provide the best conditions for realising students’ potential and reveal all the natural inclinations inherent in them. The use of technology for solving inventive problems in creative Computer Science lessons organises thinking and promotes students’ critical thinking development. Therefore, the child develops logical thinking, increases motivation to learn, and independence. This study aims to develop methodological aspects of using inventive problem-solving technology to develop students’ logical thinking in creative Computer Science lessons. The following approaches were used in the study: theoretical analysis and generalisation of scientific data on the subject matter; observation, questionnaires, testing, pedagogical experiment and methods of statistical processing of findings. In the process of research, the features of the formation of logical thinking of students in Computer Science lessons in primary school were analysed, the expediency of using techniques of technology for solving inventive problems as a means of developing logical thinking of primary school students in creative Computer Science lessons was substantiated. A system of tasks for the development of logical thinking in 8th-grade students was developed and implemented in the educational process, which allowed experimentally testing the pedagogical effectiveness of the level of formation of logical thinking and its development in 8th-grade students. The study of the level of formedness of logical thinking in 8th-grade students in such components as the level of development of the ability to analyse the conditions of the problem (the “logical problems” method) and the level of development of logical thinking (the “logical and quantitative relations” method) is carried out. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the hypothesis that the development of logical thinking of 8th-grade students during creative Computer Science lessons is influenced by the technology of solving inventive problems
Motivation as a Core Aspect of the Development of Professional Skills and Abilities in the Period of Distance Learning of Art Students
Authors: Gavran Iryna A. , Hutsal Rosina S. , Tsaruk Svitlana M.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of the study is that distance learning completely changes the relationship between teacher and student, offering modern opportunities for independent development. However, this type of knowledge acquisition requires self-discipline and high motivation, since the interaction of subjects is gradually changing and involves the overall development of the individual and the shift of emphasis to independent cognitive activity. Unfortunately, a large number of students are not ready to study the material in remote conditions, which is confirmed by a lack of self-discipline and a tendency to disobedient actions. The inappropriate organisation of distance learning for subjects of art disciplines, in particular vocal lessons, makes the educational material uninteresting and contributes to the loss of motivation. For effective work it is important to set tasks correctly and clearly, to cover them with characteristic significance, which should become internally accepted by the student in the future. The purpose of the study is to cover and review the core aspects that are part of the motivation of students of art disciplines, particularly during vocal lessons in distance learning. Learning motivation in the remote form is a prerequisite for productive learning activities. The need for access to quality education with the use of information and electronic means is a basic requirement of the modern educational system. With the rapid change of environment and requirements for distance learning, the lack of information on the impact of motivational elements is becoming an urgent issue. An important area of the innovative integration structure of educational institutions is the information support of students aimed at obtaining quality results. The practical value lies in the search for mechanisms to develop the motivation of art students in distance learning, highlighting the main practical recommendations for increasing motivation in this format of information reproduction, which can be used in further activities
PALUGADA SEBAGAI KONSEP BISNIS UMKM DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Kusnindar Arum Arupi
Published: October 2021

Kondisi pandemic dengan pembatasan sosial mengakibatkan masyarakat tidak bisa melakukan jual beli seperti yang biasa dilakukan. Pembatasan fisik atau social distancing membuat kita harus belajar cara baru dan memiliki ketrampilan baru dalam mengelola bisnis agar tetap dapat survive. Fleksibilitas, adaptasi dan kecepatan berubah menjadi kunci yang sangat penting untuk dapat bertahan. Ketahanan usaha pada saat ini, tidak hanya di tunjang oleh kemampuan modal, karena krisis yang terjadi belum dapat di prediksi kapan akan berakhir. Oleh klarena itu, fenomena yang diamati selama pandemic adalah munculnya retailer yang menggunakan internet sebagai media pemasaran dengan bisnis model yang berbeda. Jurnal ini mempunyai pendekatan teoritis dan metode wawancara terhadap fenomena model bisnis Palugada dalam era digital dan memberikan penekanan pada perbedaanya dengna konsep diversifikasi yang sudah dikenal sebelumnya. Serta bagaimana dampak konsep bisnis PaluGada terhadap pelaku usaha. Penelitian ini, memberi kesimpulan bahwa, terdapat ciri khusus dan variasi dalam konsep PaluGada yang sebelumnya tidak terdapat pada konsep diversifikasi. Sehingga, menjadi masukan bagi penelitian di masa depan terutama dalam perkembangan konsep diversifikasi dalam teori marketing. Kata Kunci: Diversifikasi, Digital Marketing, PaluGada
Impacto colateral del COVID-19 en la salud ambiental derivado de la disposición inadecuada de mascarillas
Authors: Cueva Moncayo María Fernanda , Escobar Suárez Carlos Antonio , Bastidas Tello Guillermo de Jesús , Espinoza Pire Lina Neri
Published: October 2021

El uso de mascarillas por parte de la población general como elemento de protección personal frente al COVID-19 se mantuvo en ascenso durante la primera mitad del 2020, en medio de constantes actualizaciones de la OMS acerca del público objetivo, su correcto uso y posibles beneficios, pero donde no se definieron protocolos para el manejo del desecho resultante. Durante el segundo semestre del 2020 la población mundial usaba diariamente 4.300 millones de mascarillas, de las cuales el 78,5% se descartaban de forma incorrecta, llegando a generar un volumen de 2,61 (2,26-2,94; IC=95%) millones de toneladas de desecho diseminadas en el medio ambiente. Los componentes plásticos incorporados en la fabricación de mascarillas como PP, PE y PET pueden tardar 400 años en degradarse en condiciones ambientales, fragmentándose Paulatinamente en microplásticos, que afectan a la flora, fauna, agua y suelos de su entorno. Adicionalmente, algunos aditivos sintéticos antioxidantes (AO) usados en la fabricación de plásticos pueden retardar aún más las reacciones de degradación de las mascarillas descartadas hacia el ambiente, aumentando su daño potencial. Se calculó que 216,9 (188,5-245,3; IC=95%) toneladas de AO168, 190 (165,2-214,9; IC=96%) toneladas de AO168O y 442,7 (384,8-500,6; IC=95%) toneladas de AO1010 fueron expuestas al medio ambiente debido a la disposición incorrecta de mascarillas en la segunda mitad de 2020. Aunque la masa conjunta de estos componentes sintéticos sólo representa el 0,017% de las mascarillas desechadas en el mismo lapso, su concentración resulta suficiente para acrecentar el riesgo de daño al ambiente.
Datificación en contextos de corrupción: imaginarios sociotécnicos y prácticas de resistencia frente a sistemas antipobreza en Colombia
Authors: Barreneche Carlos , Lombana Bermúdez Andrés , Ramos Martín Juan
Published: October 2021

Nuestro estudio localiza la implementación de macrodatos (big data) y la inteligencia artificial que avanza hoy en el Sur Global dentro de la agenda de “datos para el desarrollo”, en culturas como las latinoamericanas, caracterizadas por grandes asimetrías sociales y una corrupción estructural –herederas del proceso de colonización–, con el fin de evidenciar los problemas de automatización en sistemas alimentados por datos que han sido históricamente objeto de manipulación, o corrupción de datos. Para ello examinamos dos casos de mal funcionamiento en infraestructuras de información de programas de asistencia social en Colombia (Ingreso Solidario y Sisben) y exploramos el archivo de la teoría crítica latinoamericana con el objetivo de iluminar los procesos de datificación en estas condiciones. Finalmente, nuestra aproximación responde a los llamados a cuestionar el supuesto universalismo de los datos y a ir más allá de las miradas tecnocéntricas sobre el funcionamiento de estas tecnologías, desplazando el foco de atención a los momentos en que estas fallan, a los imaginarios sociotécnicos locales y a la agencia política de aquellos que se resisten a su control normativo.
A aplicabilidade do princípio do contraditório na execução como garantia inerente ao processo democrático
Authors: Ribeiro Mól Ana Lúcia , Edite Lopes Borges Rita , Medeiros Pereira Wilson
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: analisar a extensão do princípio do contraditório no processo dentro do Estado Democrático de Direito como pressuposto da plena discursividade entre os sujeitos que dele participam, bem como afastar uma visão distorcida que pode existir quanto à possibilidade de sua concretização nessa seara. Métodos: a estruturação do texto baseou-se no método descritivo, a partir de pesquisas documentais embasadas em doutrinas e legislações atinentes à temática proposta. Resultados: o princípio do contraditório deve ser aplicado de forma plena também na execução, o que deve se dar considerando a principal finalidade dos procedimentos executivos, que é a satisfação de um direito já previamente acertado em um título executivo. Dentro desses parâmetros, todos os atos decisórios na execução devem ser precedidos do debate entre os sujeitos processuais, inclusive para se evitar que o patrimônio do executado seja atingido de forma arbitrária. Conclusões: a aplicação do contraditório na execução traz o equilíbrio necessário aos atos executivos, de modo a se garantir não apenas a satisfação do credor, mas também que tal pretensão se dê da forma menos onerosa possível ao devedor, dentro dos padrões legais em vigor.
Role of Calcium, Vitamin D and Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Osteoporosis in patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Alam Intikhab , Khan Muhammad Rafique , Rehman Zahoor Ur , Ahmed Younas , Ayub Faizan , . Faisal
Published: October 2021

Osteoporosis is a significant and prevalent consequence of cirrhosis due to its detrimental influence on quality of life through persistent pain and immobility. Additionally, its significant morbidity necessitates early detection and treatment. BD is most frequently encountered in the elderly, smokers, postmenopausal women, alcoholics, malnourished individuals, and those with cholestatic liver disease. The prevalence of osteoporosis has been observed to range between 12--55% in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have a higher prevalence due to persistent cholestasis and female gender. Prior to orthotopic liver transplantation, about 60% of cases with PBC and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have osteoporosis. It is critical to diagnose and treat osteoporosis prior to liver transplantation because of deterioration in early months i.e. 6—12 after transplantation. This resulted in much fractures due to trauma i.e. 25—35%. This osteoporosis may be due to toxic effect of immune compromised therapy after transplantation. Keywords: Role of calcium, cirrhosis, vitamin D
The Impact of Preemptive Perianal Anaesthetic Block in Open Haemorrhoidectomy – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Andrabi Wajeeha I. , Khawaja M Asadullah , Fatima K. , Andrabi S I. Hussain , Shafique A. , Rabbani S. , Zahur Saqib , Butt H A. , Ch. A. Majeed
Published: October 2021

Background: the study was conducted to analyze the efficacy of 0.75% ropicaine at perianal block for open haemrrhoidectomy with regards to pain intensity, first demand of analgesia and hospital stay. Method: 50 patients were selected for open haemrrhoidectomy under GA which were divided into two groups.it was a randomized control trial in which sealed envelope method was used for the group delegation in which Group A was designated to the patients having the perianal block with 0.75% ropivacaine while the group B was the placebo group having normal saline injected in the perianal region. The variables compared were the first demand of analgesia, pain intensity and the duration of the hospital stay. In order to make the site of injection more authentic the injections were sited under ultrasound guidance. Results: The pain intensity which was analyzed with the visual analogue score (VAS) had a median of 3.8 (high=6, low=3) in group A while 5.5 (high=8, low=4) in the Group B with the p value of < 0.05. The mean time recorded for the first demand of analgesia was 6.20 ± 1.20 hours in the Group A which had improved from 1.20 ± 1.0 hours in the Placebo Group while the p value was < 0.001, while the mean time of hospital stay got reduced from 22.5±3.30 hours to 12.4 ± 3.10 hours with the significant p value of < 0.002. Conclusion: It was observed that with preemptive analgesia with 0.75% ropivacaine administered led to a substantial reduction in pain perception, request for an analgesic and hospital stay. Therefore it is appropriate to administer it before open hemorrhoidectomy. Keywords: preemptive anaesthesia, local anesthesia, postoperative pain, ropivacaine, open hemorrhoidectomy
Prevalence of Microorganisms in Acute Pharyngitis from Throat Swab in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Umar Mumtaz Ahmad , Baig Mirza Nasheed , Arif Nighat , Arshad Naveed , Jawad Ayesha , Fatima Mahnoor
Published: October 2021

Background: Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of oropharynx which is caused by various infectious organisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi. The other less common seen causes include allergies and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Aim: To look for range of microorganisms involved in causing acute pharyngitis on throat swab specimens. Methods: After getting consent all the pharyngitis patients attending ENT Department at Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital (ANTH), Islamabad from January to June 2017 were included in the study. From total of 100 patients throat swabs were obtained by established aseptic method and were sent for culture. The organisms involved were recognized by biochemical tests & their propensity to antimicrobial agents was established by established methods. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS v.21. Results: Out of 100 specimens’ microorganisms were identified in 25 specimens while 75 specimens had no growth. Streptococcus pyogenes was the frequently seen organism 9(90%), while the list was followed by Staphylococcus aureus 14(56%) and Candida albicans 3(12%). In 40% single pathogen was identified with Streptococcus pyogenes in 9 samples (90%) and Staphylococcus aureus in 1(10%), whereas 60% of the culture reports were that of the mix infection. Conclusion: The study concluded that streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus were responsible for majority of single organism infections, while candida albicans together with these bacteria were isolated from mixed infections. Keywords: Pharyngitis; Streptococcus pyogenes; Throat; Microorganisms.
Assessing Warning Signs of Relapse in Drug Addicts: Translation and Validation of AWARE Questionnaire
Authors: Sahar Namood-E- , Naqvi Irum
Published: October 2021

Aim: To translate and validate Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Questionnaire in to Urdu language for assessing relapse among drug addicts of Pakistan. Methods: The research comprises of translation of AWARE, temporal validation of translated scale, and its construct validation. Two items (22, 28) were modified keeping structural and functional equivalence. Sample for validation was obtained from rehabilitation centers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with age ranging from 18-60 years (M=29.3; SD=8.2). Temporal validity was determined by test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine the valid factor structure, whose model fitness was assessed using Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was used to assess the internal consistency. Results: It was found that translated scale possess significant temporal validity (α= .81). EFA demonstrate a unifactorial structure (λ > .30) explaining variance of about 34.3%; such that four items (8, 14, 20, 26) were removed based on poor factor loadings. Indices of model fit through CFA confirm factor structure. Reliability of scale was also significant (α= .90). Conclusion: Findings suggested the reliable and valid nature of AWARE-Urdu to assess warning signs of relapse in drug addicts. Keywords: Warning signs, relapse, drug addicts, Urdu translation, validation, AWARE
Perception about Teaching and Learning Methodologies Applied in Physiology: A study on Medical Students of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Qudsia Umaira , Tahir Hameyl , Ahmad Abdur Rafae
Published: October 2021

Background: The study of physiology is an essential part of the medical school curriculum. Medical teachers have identified the preference for a specific mode of content delivery to communicate knowledge to students in a rational, strategic, coherent, and sequential manner. In comparison to the focus on systems-based didactic lectures, more emphasis is now put on the developing critical thinking skills. Physiology is widely acknowledged as a difficult subject for medical students to grasp, incorporate, and apply in clinical sciences. Aim: To learn about students’ perceptions of teaching, learning, and assessment approaches used in the physiology. Method A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted online on 533 medical students from first to final year and also post grate students. After the approval of Ethical review committee, a questionnaire to determine the various aspects of Physiology as a subject being taught. The survey was conducted online via “Google forms''. Participants answered anonymously with informed consent, and the survey was conducted for a period of two months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total number of 533 students participated in this research and responding to Physiology learning and teaching. When students were asked about that which subject is most interesting in first Year MBBS, majority of the students that is 46.2% of the responses claimed that Physiology is the most interesting subject. 33.6% students were from 1st Year. 9.2% students were Postgraduates. 63.4% of the students preferred studying physiology from Guyton and Hall as reference book for Physiology. Majority of students that is 25.5% of the students found Blood Physiology to be the most interesting. Whereas 19.8% found Heart or Cardio Vascular System Physiology as the most interesting subject.15.6% found cell and nerve muscle as an interesting topic in Physiology.9.6% found Endocrinology and reproduction physiology as interesting as compared to 7.7% who found central Nervous system Physiology interesting. 43.9% of the students responded that they perfeer face to face interactive lectures.23.3% of the students perfered small group discussion.10.9% students prefered learing by tutorilas.Interestingly, 20.4% of the participants replied that they would definitely pursue physiology as their career. Conclusion: Physiology is the most interesting subject preferred by majority of students. Keywords: Perception, learning methodologies, medical students
Evaluate the Pattern of Firearm Injuries Based on Gender in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Imran Shahla , Qayyum Sadia Abdul , Tunio Ikram Ahmed , Ali Deedar , Mal Sono , Awan Ejaz Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Aim: To assess the pattern of firearm injuries and different effecting factors based on gender in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective and descriptive Place and duration of study: Depart. Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, BMC LUMHS Jamshoro 01-01-2017 to 31-12-2019. Methodology: Three hundred and nineteen autopsies based on purposive sampling method were revealed the death due to firearm injuries. The demographic information, pattern of death due to firearm and which part of body involved based on variables. Results: There were 267 males and 52 were females and 95 firearm autopsies were between 31 to 40 years. It was revealed that in 38 autopsies, head was involved, 78 autopsies chest was involved, 76 autopsies abdomen was involved while 267 were from homicidal. Moreover, the cause of death due to firearm in maximum patients was hemorrhage followed by septicemia in 106 autopsies. According to gender wise, 38 autopsies involved head part 30 were male and 8 were female, 78 autopsies involved chest part 65 were male and 13 were female, 76 autopsies involved abdomen part 66 were male and 10 were female. Conclusion: The high impact on the health care setups of country, which needs the immediate attention. The firearm injuries have an impact on young and older adult population. Key words: Firearm injury, Gender, Age
Study of Clinical Forensic Examination Reports and Alleged Offences in Sexual Assault Cases: Civil Hospital Sanghar
Authors: Aslam Nadia , Kumar Pardeep , Ahmed Khan Memon Muhammad Qasim , Ahmed Awan Ejaz , Samad Abdul , Cheena Shabir Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Background: Several factors influence the occurrence of genito-anal injuries in sexual assault victims. The occurrence of injuries aids in the future laying of accusations against the accused, making forensic examination, documenting of injuries, and report preparation difficult for healthcare personnel. Aim: To find out the pattern of genito-anal injuries and the circumstances that lead to charges being filed against the accused. Place and Duration of Study: Civil Hospital Sanghar from 1st January 2019 to 31st December, 2019. Methodology: This cross-sectional study Sixty sexual assault cases were incorporated all survivors of rape, paying little heed to age, who announced a background marked by rape to the police or straightforwardly to our tertiary consideration community. Result: Penile-anal penetration is the most common 82.4% and second most common was penile-oral penetration was 75%. Fifty percent of ano-genital bleeding was found in the sexual assault victims and 45.6% were physical assault during sexual assault. Mostly cases were based on incomplete investigation with the highest 47.1%. Conclusion: Although no single event will bring the victim's recovery to a close, the arrest and successful conviction of the offender can be a significant step forward. Contrary to popular assumption, genital damage is not the usual in the aftermath of sexual assault. Keywords: Sexual assault, alleged, offences
Online versus Traditional Learning: Outcomes of First Online Learning Experience
Authors: Abbas Uzair , Parveen Memoona , Ashfaque Ambreen , Naz Ramlah , Zaheer Sidra , Amjad Zaheer
Published: October 2021

Aim: To evaluate the learning outcomes of first experience with online learning in a medical college in Pakistan. Study design: Retrospective cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan from 1stJanuary 2021 to 30th May 2021. Methodology: This study compared the module exam scores of pre-clinical first-year MBBS students of the year 2019 (group A) and year 2020 (group B). Group A was taught in 2019 through the traditional method of teaching while group B was taught online in 2020. Results: The mean score of group B online teaching was significantly higher than that of group A, studied through the traditional method in all three modules, foundation module, locomotor module, and blood module. Group B secured a significantly higher mean score than that of group A with a significant p-value of <0.001, 0.043, and 0.001respectively. Conclusion: The score gained by online learners using virtual teaching methods was significantly higher than those who were taught by traditional method. The results of this study imply that using online educational teaching and learning can lead to the promotion of educational level and enhancement of score levels in students. Keywords: Online learning, Traditional learning, Medical education
Participial and/or Verbal Morphemes
Authors:   Plovdiv University „Paisii Hilendarski", Dimitrova Desislava
Published: October 2021

This study deals with an issue that is signiﬁcant in view of the buildup of word morphological structure, something frequently neglected by investigators, viz., morphemes encoding speciﬁc grammatical meanings of Bulgarian participles, which indicate in a speciﬁc way why participial forms belong to a separate lexeme class. Of course, there are authors who have discussed participial morphostructure (Pashov 1976, Vatov 1992, Kutsarov 2012, Kutsarov, I. 2007, Aleksova 2012, etc.). However, almost all of them (save Kutsarov, K. 2012, 2019) interpret the grammatical function of participial morphemes through the prism of the verb, i.e., if the participle is part of the verb form composed. Thus the study sets two basic goals: to describe the morphemic classiﬁcation of Bulgarian participles according to their traditional description in the verb paradigm; to analyze relational and classiﬁcation morphemes that belong to participles – morphemes that differentiate participles from adjectives and verbs.
THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF P. VEZHINOV’S NOVELLA “THE BARRIER”
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Gazheva Inna
Published: October 2021

This article attempts to analyze P. Vezhinov’s literary work in the context of the possible binary interpretation of its narrative: realistic and fantastical. It researches the ways the raw material of the story is transformed into the plot such as external composition, focalization, the structure of the characters, and the organization of the modal-temporal aspect. It pays special attention to the peculiarities of the novella’s literary space. Both protagonists are characterized as characters of the open space. The space of the male protagonist appears flat, while the female hero maneuvers in a volumetric space. Manev's movements across the flat horizontal space are chaotic in their nature – they represent the erratic wavering of a man who lost list way and has only found purpose once Antonia Dorothea appeared in his life. The article proves that the rite de passage, which acts as the plot framework in this literary piece, doesn’t culminate in the protagonist’s achievement of a “new identity” within the novella. The study concludes that the “realistic” motivation behind the events of the novella doesn't contradict the “metaphorical” one: in both cases, this is a story about "rejection" – about the possible spiritual transformation of the protagonist that was never materialized.
Folklore in the Context of Literature Curricula (Aligned with the Current Literature Curriculum for the 5th Grade)
Authors:   South-west University „Neophit Rilski“, Bozhinov Ventsislav
Published: October 2021

The article aims to present basic theoretical problems connected with studying folklore in the secondary stage of Bulgarian schools. The ﬁrst part offers a brief diachronic review of the theoretical paradigm of Bulgarian folklore research, presenting the transition from the narrow philological understanding of folklore as “national poetic creativity” towards its wide sociological interpretation as “a type of creative culture”. In the second part of the article two curricula for the ﬁfth grade, in which folklore is a key component, are analysed and compared – the one from 2007/2010 academic years and the current one, implemented since 2016/2017. The main goal of this part is to demonstrate how and how much the Literature curricula offer an opportunity for studying folklore in alignment with current theoretical stipulations in Bulgarian folklore research.
Encouraging Students Literacy and Reading in 1st – 4th Grades
Authors:   St.Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Gergova Hristina
Published: October 2021

The article examines the role of reading in the education and development of students. The text presents various techniques to promote literacy and reading in the early stages of primary education and their impact on the students' literary knowledge, skills and competences. Recently, interactive teaching methods have been used to achieve these goals, in addition to traditional methods. Interactivity make the learning environment more exciting and engaging, reducing the difficulty of mastering the language. The use of interactive methods in teaching Bulgarian language and literature in 1st - 4th grades helps foster literacy and reading desire among students. Using interactive techniques and methods in 1st – 4th grades encourages literacy and reading.
Some Facts and Processes Related to the Turkish Population in the Razgrad District from the Late 1950s and in the 1960s and 1970s through the Documents of the Bulgarian State Security
Authors: Petkov Dimitar
Published: October 2021

From the late 1950s and in the 1960s and 1970s of the XX century the Bulgarian communist party pursues a policy in Bulgaria of detachment of the Turkish population in the country from its fundamental religious and cultural environment. This article discusses some facts and processes from this policy of the Bulgarian communists in the Razgrad district. Basically, this is done through documents of the Bulgarian state security (from the Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Armed Forces). Documents from Bulgarian central state archives were also used. In this region among the Turks operates the Turkish intelligence services. The Turkish propaganda is very well developed here. The Bulgarian government and Turkey use the Turkish population in the Razgrad district (also in whole Bulgaria) for their own purposes. In the long run this population, not only in the Razgrad district, but also in the entire country becomes “a burning issue” in the political relation between Bulgaria and Turkey – two countries separated by the ideological conflict of the Cold War.
Sobre os efeitos das correntes elétricas (segunda parte)
Authors: Chaib João Paulo M. de C. , Assis André K. T.
Published: October 2021

Apresentamos a tradução comentada da segunda parte da primeira obra de A. M. Ampère sobre os fenômenos eletrodinâmicos. Nesse artigo Ampère descreve suas observações da ação entre correntes elétricas e suas consequências qualitativas.
ATP sintasa: asombrosa maquinaria molecular en la dinámica energética de los seres vivos
Authors: Zúniga Leonel E.
Published: October 2021

El complejo enzimático ATP sintasa es una maquinaria molecular de las células que realiza la importante función de producir ATP, una vital molécula energética. Con un diámetro de 10 nanómetros, se encuentra específicamente en organelos como las mitocondrias. Representa el segundo nivel de organización estructural en los seres vivos: las maquinarias moleculares. Su diseño incluye 29 subunidades proteicas (He et al., 2018) incluyendo un motor rotatorio embebido en la membrana celular (franja gris) que gira a 6000 rpm. Imagen reproducida con permiso de RCSB-PDB, diciembre 2005, Molecule of the Month, preparada por David Goodsell (doi: 110.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2005_12. Animación 3D disponible en http://biovisions.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_mitochondria.html.