bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public monument as a constituent of cultural identity of Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija
Authors: Elezović Zvezdana
Published: December 2020

The national and cultural identity of a nation is, among other things, established through the monumental heritage of a certain territory. For Serbs living in Kosovo and Metohija, monuments glorifying the glorious Serbian past (Serbian heroes, rulers, warrior feats) represent a link with the entire Serbian nation and hope for the possibility of survival in that part of Serbia. However, the significance and number of public art monuments in Kosovo and Metohija, as part of the cultural heritage of Serbs, has not been sufficiently researched so far. The exact number of public monuments in the north of Kosmet is unknown, there is no list of these works in the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia. A great number of those monuments is destroyed by Albanian extremists in their desire to destroy the features of the physical and spiritual existence of the Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija.
Pedagogues' competencies for encouraging and developing professional development of teachers
Authors: Branković Drago , Skopljak Margareta , Jorgić Draženko
Published: December 2020

Competencies for encouraging and developing teachers' professional development are only one of the elements of developmental and professional competencies of pedagogues. The results of the research conducted so far have shown that competencies are not sufficiently compatible with personal and professional needs, and that there is a lack of research on the level of competence by functions and areas of work of pedagogues. The aim of the research was to identify according to the pedagogues' self-reporting, i.e., self-assessment the differences in the levels of development of their competencies and in the levels of their involvement in encouraging and developing the professional development of teachers relative to certain socio-demographic characteristics of the pedagogues. The research was conducted by applying a survey as the research method and the scaling technique on a sample of 78 pedagogues. The research results (basic and three special hypotheses) showed that school pedagogues have a high level of competence and involvement in encouraging and developing the professional development of teachers, but that the differences in the levels relative to certain socio-demographic characteristics are not statistically significant. The key implications of the research relate to the need to critically consider the curriculum of the pedagogy studies, the quality and content of the professional development programs as a methodological justification for involving teachers in the research of the pedagogues' competencies.
Preschool teachers and the selection of lyllabies in activities with preschool children
Authors: Kostić Ljiljana , Purić Daliborka
Published: December 2020

Lullaby, as a literary form that is multifunctional for children - in terms of cognitive, emotional and social development, development of speech, perception and attention, stimulating curiosity and interest, and developing creativity - is an important element in achieving educational goals in the context of various aspects of child development. In this paper the authors examine the experience of preschool teachers (N = 302) with: (a) the selection of lullabies; (b) the selection of folk and artistic lullabies; (c) opting for vocal, instrumental, i.e., vocal-instrumental lullabies in their work with the youngest children, in order to understand the potential patterns of selection of this particular literary form and to contribute to the methodological education of the preschool teachers. The research results indicate that the selection of the lullabies is not particularly varied, and that preschool teachers more often opt for the authored lullabies, as well as for the titles that are available in a vocal-instrumental form. The empirical findings bring forth the problem of selecting the content for working with the youngest children, i.e., they open the question of the ability of the preschool teachers to mould the children's literary taste, along with the question of the responsibility of methodologists, above all, the creators of educational policies, bearing in mind that according to the latest Preschool Education Program the choice of the content for activities with preschool children entirely rests upon preschool teachers.
Religious and ethnic context of the Serbian strategic culture
Authors: Subotić Milovan
Published: December 2020

In the paper entitled "Religion as a factor of strategic culture on the examples of Christianity and Islam" there is an analysis of the ideas and values that distinguish what is "allowed" and what isn't, primarily in the use of force. This paper has a global character, so there was the need to continue the research on how religion participates in the strategic orientation of specific countries. How does Serbia relate to this factor of strategic culture? To what extent does it participate in the current political reality? How does this factor communicate with the equivalent narratives in the surrounding countries, especially in the light of the conflicts during the 1990s? Where is the difference between the ethnic and religious context of the identity? To what extent do these two contexts support each other, and to what extent are they an obstacle to the identity profiling of our society? These are some of the research questions of this paper. The multidisciplinary approach and the referred literature represent a valid framework for correct and objective answers to the mentioned questions.
Socio-economic aspects of the youth mental health in Belgrade in the context of strategic culture
Authors: Stojimirović Maja , Veljković Jasna
Published: December 2020

Mental health of people is an important individual and social resource, especially in the modern Serbian society, which has problems with demography. Without full mental health, a person is not aware of himself and his abilities, and he cannot develop to his full capacity. Therefore, a person cannot contribute to his own well-being, and also be a productive member of the social community. It is the basis of well-being, both for individuals and a healthy society, as well as one of the sources of strategic culture. The existence of awareness of the mental health problems of the nation, especially the young population, is a segment of strategic culture. There are many factors that affect mental health, and the three main ones are biological, psychological and social factors. Only if we take into account the interaction of these three factors we can talk about mental disorder as a phenomenon. Our goal is to gain the insight into those social, sociological, economic and psychological factors that can produce negative consequences for mental health, in this case the occurrence and development of neurotic disorders in the population of young people in Belgrade. This paper presents the data from the study conducted in 2013, which dealt with socio-economic aspects of neurotic disorder in the youth population in Belgrade. The general goal of the research is to determine which economic and (or) social factors can influence the occurrence of neurotic disorders to these young people. The findings of the research indicate that young people who suffer from neurotic disorders are materially and psychologically dependent on their parents. In the families of the respondents, there is a strong psychological mutual connection, especially in the relationship between the respondent and their mothers. When it comes to family members, the mother is the mainstay of financial, moral and counseling support for the respondents. Psychological dependence on emotional objects of security is one of the important features of neurotic disorder, and in our country it represents a typical pattern of behavior, a culture-based relationship between parents and children.
Cambios en los modelos persuasivos: la nueva publicidad en tiempo real a través de estrategias narrativas transmedia. Estudio de caso de la campaña publicitaria de Tous, Tender Stories
Authors: Rodríguez Fidalgo Mª Isabel , Paíno Ambrosio Adriana , Ruiz Paz Yanira , Jiménez Iglesias Lucía
Published: December 2020

El sector publicitario está apostando hoy en día por nuevas estrategias publicitarias basadas en el concepto de narración transmedia. Esto ha sido posible gracias al desarrollo tecnológico que permite al consumidor participar e interaccionar con los contenidos publicitarios a través de diferentes medios y soportes, hecho que supone la configuración de una nueva era de consumidores, denominados por Alvin Toffler (1980) como prosumidores. Un ejemplo de ello lo constituye Tender Stories, una campaña de la firma publicitaria Tous, formada por cinco historias independientes, con el fin de promocionar las diferentes colecciones de temporada de la marca. Su estrategia publicitaria se ha centrado en la expansión de un relato base a través de diferentes plataformas, entre ellas las redes sociales. Precisamente en relación a estas últimas se suma una sexta iniciativa, la más novedosa, lanzada en la red social Instagram –Instagram Tender Stories– que se llevó a cabo en tiempo real. La presente comunicación plantea como objeto de estudio la estrategia publicitaria llevada a cabo por Tous en Tender Stories, la cual se ha basado en la utilización de las principales redes sociales para el desarrollo y la promoción de la campaña entre 2014 y 2016: Instagram, Twitter, Facebook y YouTube. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se ha optado por una perspectiva cualitativa-cuantitativa, con el objetivo de estudiar a través de un análisis de contenido la estrategia narrativa transmedia y el uso de las redes sociales desde el punto de vista de la interacción-participación de los usuarios en la citada campaña publicitaria.
(Agro)ecologia politica dei conflitti per la terra e il cibo in Ecuador
Authors: Giunta Isabella
Published: December 2020

The contemporary corporate food regime (McMichael 2018) is characterized by reduction of food to commodity, rural-urban divide, profound asymmetries in access to resources (land and water), extractivism in the form of industrial agriculture (Gudynas 2013; Svampa 2019) and processes of accumulation by dispossession (Harvey 2003). In this context, the paper relies on the approach of political agroecology (González de Molina et al. 2019) to retrace the transformation of food conflicts in Ecuador, from traditional land struggles towards a more complex collective action in the name of food sovereignty, which deals with a scenario of recurring economic and ecological crises.
The place of a socio-cultural environment in climate change discourse
Authors: Recha Charles
Published: December 2020

The significance of climate change is reflected in global level efforts such as Conference of Parties and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reporting. The global level platform develops consensus on evidences and pathways to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Unfortunately, these efforts often lack social-cultural dynamics to climate change. This study adopted a desktop survey to establish the place of socio-cultural dynamics in climate change discourse. In this study, it is argued that socio-economic security and attributes, cultural-orientation and inter-group dimensions are key determinants to implementation of climate change programmes. To successfully design and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, first address socioeconomic securities of communities, bring on board sub-national considerations and package climate change impacts as a threat to nationalism.
L’ecologia politica come campo di riconcettualizzazione socio-ambientale: governance, conflitto e produzione di spazi politici
Authors: Zinzani Andrea
Published: December 2020

Relations between human society, nature and the environment have long played a key role in the geographical debate. In this framework, political ecology has become a critical research field integrating heterogeneous theoretical and epistemological perspectives with socio-political and territorial knowledge, practices and experiences. While for a couple of decades this field has played a considerable role in international geographical literature, in the Italian debate it is still marginal. This contribution therefore aims to provide a framework for reflection and synthesis on how political ecology, through concepts and interpretative keys, contributes to re-discussing socio-environmental relations, highlighting their metabolic, political and conflictual nature, and proposing alternative future scenarios. Specifically, in the framework of global environmental governance and the contemporary ecological crisis, the focus is on socio-environmental conflict, in dialogue with post-politics theory, as a process of production of new spaces oriented to the repoliticization of environmental issues, the reconfiguration of socio-ecological relations and the claim of socio-environmental justice.
The Painful Bipartite Medial Cuneiform: A Case Report
Authors: Pollack Daniel , Diament Matthew A. , Kotlyarova Yelizaveta , Gellman Yechiel N.
Published: December 2020

This report discussed an unusual case of a 23 year old woman with a painful bipartite medial cuneiform, (BMC) and severe arthritic and cystic changes at the partition with no history of trauma. MRI taken confirmed a large cyst with subchondral erosions at the dorsal and plantar segments with significant bone marrow edema. Definitive treatment consisted of arthrodesis on the dorsal and plantar segments using one lag screw, demineralized bone matrix grafting, and a bone stimulator.
Comparison of Five Cytochemical Stains used for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Breast and Lymph Node Lesions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Venkatesh Kusuma , Swetha PJ
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is an established diagnostic tool aiming at an early diagnosis of mass lesions which in turn aids in planning further management of the patients. The need for minimal turnaround time with good quality of cell morphology has encouraged the development of different staining techniques. Quality Index (QI) of cytochemical stains is evaluated with a scoring system based on morphological features. Aim: To find rapid staining methods which were economical without compromising on the quality of FNAC smears. QI of five stains namely Papanicolaou stain (Pap), Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG), Modified Ultrafast Papanicolaou (MUFP) and Rapid Economic Acetic acid Pap stain (REAP) were studied and compared. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from August 2011 to July 2013. FNAC of 80 mass lesions including 44 of breast lesions and 36 lymph nodes were included in this study. A minimum of five smears were made in each case and stained with Pap, H&E, MGG, MUFP and REAP. The QI of stain was assessed by the scores given for background of the smear, overall staining, and preservation of cell morphology, nuclear characteristics, cytoplasmic details and air drying artifacts. Statistical analysis of the data was done using chi-square test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. Results: Pap stain showed maximum QI score followed by H&E, REAP, MGG and MUFP in case of breast lesions. In cases of lymph node highest QI was again with Pap followed by H&E, REAP, MUFP and MGG. Good cytomorphology with lesser expenditure and turnaround time was obtained by REAP and MUFP stains. Conclusion: Pap stain is still the best for cell morphology whereas MUFP and REAP are good, economical and with lesser turnaround time and can be used in routine cytopathology.
Sugar Alcohols
Authors: de Cock Peter
Published: December 2020

Sugar alcohols, or polyols, are carbohydrates. They bear a close relationship to the saccharides from which they are formed by reduction and from which their names are often derived; glucitol (sorbitol), mannitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, xylitol, and erythritol are the most common commercially available polyols. Some occur in nature in small amounts. They are generally produced by hydrogenation or fermentation of saccharides from renewable raw materials. Worldwide consumption of polyols is estimated to be about 1.8 million metric tons in 2020. More than half of that volume is used in foods where polyols are used at high levels as sugar‐free bulk sweeteners (sugar content less than 0.5% based on dry solids) replacing sugars on a weight‐for‐weight basis and at lower levels to perform very specific technical functionalities. Also, more than half of the global polyols consumption relates to sorbitol only, of which about three‐quarters is used in nonfood applications such as in oral and personal care (ie, toothpaste) and as a starting material in the production of, for example, vitamin C, polymers, and surfactants. Polyols are used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications mainly for technical functionality such as filler, binder, anticaking agent, stabilizer, texturizer, moisturizer, and humectant.

This article provides an overview of the most common polyols; how they are produced; their physical, chemical, sensorial, biological, and nutritional characteristics; properties in food and nonfood applications; and legal aspects associated with their use.
ANA Webinars: implementation of a conference‐based virtual networking event
Authors: Aravamuthan Bhooma , Landsness Eric C. , Silbermann Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Objective

To describe the design and implementation of a virtual network event at the American Neurological Association (ANA) annual meeting led by the Junior and Early Career Member (JECM) Committee.

Methods

We designed a one‐hour virtual networking session featuring three 15‐minute small group meetings preceded and followed by general remarks. Each small group session consisted of one senior mentor, a junior/early career faculty moderator, and three to four junior/early career mentees. All participants completed an exit survey to evaluate perceived benefit of this event.

Results

We recruited 103 mentees, 26 moderators, and 26 mentors for the event. Mentees were primarily at the resident training level or above (17% students). 56% of registered mentees, 100% of moderators and 96% of mentors attended the event for a total of 110 participants. Due to mentee attrition, each room contained 2‐3 mentees. 90% of respondents felt the session met their goals very well or extremely well. Further, 99% felt this session was at least comparable to in‐person networking at conferences and 60% felt this session was better than in‐person networking.

Interpretation

Virtual networking sessions between junior and senior academic neurologists are feasible and are at least comparable to, if not better than, in‐person conference networking. Future events should consider nuanced mechanisms of matching mentors and mentees, inclusion of ad hoc small groups to foster organic networking, and measures to safeguard against mentee attrition. Future studies should evaluate the long‐term benefits of this event to determine if virtual networking should be utilized moving forward.
The Performative is Political: Using Counter‐Storytelling through Theater to Create Spaces for Implicated Witnessing
Authors: Maxwell Christina , Sonn Christopher
Published: December 2020

Performative counter‐storytelling can be a powerful experience for both the artists who create these stories and the audiences who witness them. This study examined audience responses to a counter‐narrative (entitled “AMKA”) performed by Africans in Australia which intended to present more complex, holistic, and strengths‐based representations of their communities than those currently circulated by dominant discourses. Guided by a critical whiteness lens, the study explored how 34 self‐identifying white audience members interpreted the performance and how they questioned whiteness by assuming the role of implicated witnesses. Following thematic analysis of mixed closed‐ and open‐ended post‐performance survey responses, audience members made connections between the content of AMKA and the contemporary political and cultural contexts in which it was performed and began to examine their positions of privilege and power. This study has provided evidence for the potential of political theater in creating spaces of encounter whereby responsible listening positions can be nurtured in the journey toward dismantling personal, and potentially structural, racially‐based injustices.
On the causal relation between real world activities and emotional expressions of social media users
Authors: Mirlohi Falavarjani Seyed Amin , Jovanovic Jelena , Fani Hossein , Ghorbani Ali A. , Noorian Zeinab , Bagheri Ebrahim
Published: December 2020

Social interactions through online social media have become a daily routine of many, and the number of those whose real world (offline) and online lives have become intertwined is continuously growing. As such, the interplay of individuals' online and offline activities has been the subject of numerous research studies, the majority of which explored the impact of people's online actions on their offline activities. The opposite direction of impact—the effect of real‐world activities on online actions—has also received attention but to a lesser degree. To contribute to the latter form of impact, this paper reports on a quasi‐experimental design study that examined the presence of causal relations between real‐world activities of online social media users and their online emotional expressions. To this end, we have collected a large dataset (over 17K users) from Twitter and Foursquare, and systematically aligned user content on the two social media platforms. Users' Foursquare check‐ins provided information about their offline activities, whereas the users' expressions of emotions and moods were derived from their Twitter posts. Since our study was based on a quasi‐experimental design, to minimize the impact of covariates, we applied an innovative model of computing propensity scores. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: (a) users' offline activities do impact their affective expressions, both of emotions and moods, as evidenced in their online shared textual content; (b) the impact depends on the type of offline activity and if the user embarks on or abandons the activity. Our findings can be used to devise a personalized recommendation mechanism to help people better manage their online emotional expressions.
Carbon Composite Anodes with Tunable Microstructures for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shengming , Teck Anastasia A. , Guo Zhenyu , Xu Zhen , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Among the post‐lithium battery technologies, potassium‐ion batteries are promising for cost‐effective large‐scale energy storage, as potash is an abundant resource. However, a major challenge is to understand the structure‐performance relationships of carbon anodes for potassium‐ion storage. In this study, we have designed a variety of carbon composite materials from 100 % graphite to 100 % soft carbon and in between, with tunable structural features to fundamentally understand the roles of different carbon structural features in potassium ion insertion. We have found that the graphite‐soft carbon composites (G‐SC) show a high charge capacity of 280.2 mAh g−1 with an increased initial coulombic efficiency, representing the best reversibility among different carbon composites. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and ex‐situ structural characterizations have been applied to substantiate that the presence of soft carbon in G‐SC inhibits the solid electrolyte interface layer formation and provides structural protection to the graphitic layers.
Successful outcome of a pregnancy derived from premature ovulation in a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist protocol: A case report
Authors: Inoue Daichi , Asada Yoshimasa , Ando Tomoko
Published: December 2020

In the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol, it is necessary to reinforce contraceptive guidance assuming that luteinizing hormone surge is not detected by measurement of serum level and ovulation is not suppressed by GnRH antagonist.
The persistent associations between early institutional care and diurnal cortisol outcomes among children adopted internationally
Authors: Isenhour Jennifer , Raby K. Lee , Dozier Mary
Published: December 2020

Young children in institutional care experience conditions that are incompatible with their needs for attachment relationships. As a result, early institutionalization is expected to have lasting effects on the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. The current study tested whether early institutionalization has persistent consequences for diurnal HPA axis outcomes among 130 children who had been adopted internationally between the ages of 6 and 48 months. Daily cortisol samples were collected from children at two time points: shortly after adoption (average of 5.3 months after adoption) and approximately 3 years later (average of 39.2 months after adoption). Shortly after adoption, children who had experienced a long duration of institutional care had lower morning cortisol levels and more blunted declines in cortisol across the day than children who experienced minimal or no institutional care. Three years later, children who had experienced a long duration of institutionalization continued to exhibit low morning cortisol levels and also exhibited low bedtime cortisol levels. Altogether, these results support the idea that early adversity results in the downregulation of the HPA axis and suggest that the effects of institutionalization on HPA axis functioning may persist several years after children are adopted into highly enriched families.
Using Xenopus to analyze neurocristopathies like Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Schwenty‐Lara Janina , Pauli Silke , Borchers Annette
Published: December 2020

Neurocristopathies are human congenital syndromes that arise from defects in neural crest (NC) development and are typically associated with malformations of the craniofacial skeleton. Genetic analyses have been very successful in identifying pathogenic mutations, however, model organisms are required to characterize how these mutations affect embryonic development thereby leading to complex clinical conditions. The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis provides a broad range of in vivo and in vitro tools allowing for a detailed characterization of NC development. Due to the conserved nature of craniofacial morphogenesis in vertebrates, Xenopus is an efficient and versatile system to dissect the morphological and cellular phenotypes as well as the signaling events leading to NC defects. Here, we review a set of techniques and resources how Xenopus can be used as a disease model to investigate the pathogenesis of Kabuki syndrome and neurocristopathies in a wider sense.
Eutrophication induces shifts in the trophic position of invertebrates in aquatic food webs
Authors: van der Lee Gea H. , Vonk J. Arie , Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Kraak Michiel H. S. , Verdonschot Piet F. M. , Huisman Jef
Published: December 2020

Changes in the ecological stoichiometry of primary producers may have considerable implications for energy and matter transfer in food webs. We hypothesized that nutrient enrichment shifts the trophic position of omnivores towards herbivory, as the nutritional quality of primary producers increases. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the ecological stoichiometry and stable isotope signature of primary producers and a wide range of aquatic macroinvertebrates, including primary consumers (herbivores) and secondary consumers (both potential omnivores and strict carnivores), along a eutrophication gradient in an agricultural landscape. Our results showed (1) that carbon : nutrient ratios of primary producers decreased along the eutrophication gradient, while the elemental composition of consumers remained homeostatic, and (2) that the trophic position of several omnivores and the generalist predator Notonecta decreased, while the trophic position of most other consumers remained constant. These findings suggest that shifts in the diets of aquatic invertebrates induced by increasing eutrophication may affect species interactions and food web structure in aquatic ecosystems.
Experimental and numerical analysis to predict the performance of a turboexpander at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Biswal Rasmikanti , Behera Suraj K. , Kumar Amitesh , Sahoo Ranjit K.
Published: December 2020

The emerging trend for using cryogenic fluids in scientific and research applications requires a Claude cycle‐based efficient turboexpander system. This paper presents the mean‐line design procedure, numerical, and experimental investigation to distinguish the fluid flow and thermodynamic analysis of a turboexpander operating at cryogenic temperature. Initially, the mean‐line design of turboexpander components has been carried out. Thereafter, the three‐dimensional model and computational mesh of nozzle, turbine, and diffuser have been generated using ANSYS BladeGen® and ICEM®. The three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis has been carried out to characterize the effect of fluid flow properties such as pressure, velocity, and thermal properties such as temperature, static enthalpy, and entropy at different axial locations. Finally, an experimental test rig has been developed to examine the performance of the turboexpander at cryogenic temperature and validating the numerical findings for a case study. The methodology provides insight into the realistic fluid flow phenomenon and thermal performance of a turboexpander under rotating conditions, as it is the most essential and expensive part of a gas liquefaction system.
Modelling future lahars controlled by different volcanic eruption scenarios at Cotopaxi (Ecuador) calibrated with the massively destructive 1877 lahar
Authors: Frimberger Theresa , Andrade S. Daniel , Weber Samuel , Krautblatter Michael
Published: December 2020

Lahars are among the most hazardous mass flow processes on earth and have caused up to 23 000 casualties in single events in the recent past. The Cotopaxi volcano, 60 km southeast of Quito, has a well‐documented history of massively destructive lahars and is a hotspot for future lahars due to (i) its ~10 km2 glacier cap, (ii) its 117–147‐year return period of (Sub)‐Plinian eruptions, and (iii) the densely populated potential inundation zones (300 000 inhabitants). Previous mechanical lahar models often do not (i) capture the steep initial lahar trajectory, (ii) reproduce multiple flow paths including bifurcation and confluence, and (iii) generate appropriate key parameters like flow speed and pressure at the base as a measure of erosion capacity. Here, we back‐calculate the well‐documented 1877 lahar using the RAMMS debris flow model with an implemented entrainment algorithm, covering the entire lahar path from the volcano edifice to an extent of ~70 km from the source. To evaluate the sensitivity and to constrain the model input range, we systematically explore input parameter values, especially the Voellmy–Salm friction coefficients μ and ξ. Objective selection of the most likely parameter combinations enables a realistic and robust lahar hazard representation. Detailed historic records for flow height, flow velocity, peak discharge, travel time and inundation limits match best with a very low Coulomb‐type friction μ (0.0025–0.005) and a high turbulent friction ξ (1000–1400 m/s2). Finally, we apply the calibrated model to future eruption scenarios (Volcanic Explosivity Index = 2–3, 3–4, >4) at Cotopaxi and accordingly scaled lahars. For the first time, we anticipate a potential volume growth of 50–400% due to lahar erosivity on steep volcano flanks. Here we develop a generic Voellmy–Salm approach across different scales of high‐magnitude lahars and show how it can be used to anticipate future syneruptive lahars.
Knockout of calpain‐1 protects against high‐fat diet‐induced liver dysfunction in mouse through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhang Li , Xu Duowen , Deng Weibo , Yang Wenbao , Tang Futian , Da Mingxu
Published: December 2020

The present study was designed to investigate the significance of calpain‐1 in the high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced liver dysfunction and to explore the possible mechanism. C57 mice and calpain‐1 knockout (KO) mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or HFD, respectively, for 16 weeks. The activities of calpain, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and/or liver of mouse were measured. Lipid profiles in the serum and liver were examined. Contents of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in serum or/and liver were detected. The results showed that compared with C57 mice fed with SD, HFD‐fed C57 mice showed the increased activities of AST and ALT in the serum, which was decreased in calpain‐1 KO mice fed with HFD. In addition, knockout of calpain‐1 decreased the contents of oxLDL, MDA, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, while increased SOD activity, in serum and/or liver. However, knockout of calpain‐1 had no effects on lipid profiles in both serum and liver. When fed with SD, all these parameters of C57 and calpain‐1 KO mice were comparable except for decreased calpain activity in the liver of calpain‐1 KO mice. The results suggested that knockout of calpain‐1 protects against HFD‐induced liver dysfunction through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Relationship between stock returns and inflation: New evidence from the US using wavelet and causality methods
Authors: Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Adewuyi Adeolu O. , Awodumi Olabanji B. , Roubaud David
Published: December 2020

This study examines the relationship between stock returns and inflation in the United States from 1800 to 2017 using wavelet techniques, complemented with linear and nonlinear causality approaches. Wavelet analysis shows evidence of weak co‐movement between stock returns (real and nominal) and inflation in the short run and strong co‐movement between them in the long run. A movement towards the long run increases the strength of co‐movement between the two variables. Analysis based on annual data and time domain indicates unidirectional causality running from nominal stock returns to inflation using both linear and nonlinear causality tests. However, causality between real stock returns and inflation vary depending on the tests employed. Time‐scaled analysis shows that irrespective of the causality tests, a feedback relationship exists between stock returns (nominal and real) and inflation at the intermediate and long time scales. Results based on monthly data for time domain show bidirectional causality between stock returns (nominal and real) and inflation using both linear and nonlinear causality tests. Analysis by frequency bands reveals that, irrespective of the causality tests, stock returns (both nominal and real) have no link with inflation in the short to medium term. Some important policy implications are derived from the foregoing findings.
Inside Cover
Authors: Lilge Lothar , Manalac Angelica , Weersink Madrigal , Schwiegelshohn Fynn , Young‐Schultz Tanner , Abdalrhman Abdallatif Satti , Wang Chengjin , Ngan Aldrich , Gu Frank X. , Betz Vaughn , Hofmann Ron
Published: December 2020

Access to sterile personal protective equipment, in particular for filtered face respirators is critical in the current pandemic for front line healthcare workers. Extended use may be required during supply shortages or due to economic considerations. UVC sterilization can be a cost‐effective technique capable of high throughput. The suitability of various N95 respirator designs for UV mediated reuse were evaluated based on the materials utilized. (Background image: with permission from Prescientx. Virus image: Sophia Lilge.

Further details can be found in the article by Lothar Lilge, Angelica Manalac, Madrigal Weersink, Fynn Schwiegelshohn, Tanner Young‐Schultz, Abdallatif Satti Abdalrhman, Chengjin Wang, Aldrich Ngan, Frank X. Gu, Vaughn Betz, Ron Hofmann (e202000232).

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A method to apply bond‐angle constraints in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Pechlaner Maria , Dorta Andreas P. , Lin Zhixiong , Rusu Victor H. , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: December 2020

An algorithm to apply bond‐angle constraints in molecular dynamics simulations of macromolecules or molecular liquids is presented. It uses Cartesian coordinates and determines the Lagrange multipliers required for maintaining the constraints iteratively. It constitutes an alternative to the use of only distance constraints (DCs) between particles to maintain a particular geometry. DCs are unsuitable to maintain particular, for example, linear or flat, geometries of molecules. The proposed algorithm can easily handle bond‐length, bond‐angle, and dihedral‐angle constraints simultaneously, as when calculating a potential of mean force along a dihedral‐angle degree of freedom.
Quantum‐chemical calculations on the slippage of cyclopentadienyl and indenyl ligands in the (η3‐dienyl)Ir(PX3)3; (X = H, F, Cl, Me) complexes
Authors: Ghiasi Reza , Sofiyani Maryam Vasfi , Emami Rashin
Published: December 2020

The structure, electronic properties, and the slippage of cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and indenyl (In) ligands in the (η3‐dienyl)Ir(PX3)3; (X = H, F, Cl, Me) complexes were illustrated using the hybrid density functional MPW1PW91 theory. The characteristics of chemical bond among the [Ir(PX3)3]+ and mono‐anionic dienyl ligands (Cp and In) fragments was surveyed by the energy decomposition analysis (EDA). Charge decomposition analysis (CDA) and extended charge decomposition analysis (ECDA) were utilized to investigate the electron transfer among the fragments in the studying complexes. The correlations among the computed parameters and Tolman cone angles (θ), Tolman's Electronic Parameter (TEP), as well as the Crabtree's DFT Electronic Parameter (CEP) of the phosphine ligands were explained.
Flow cytometric evaluation of the neutrophil compartment in COVID-19 at hospital presentation: A normal response to an abnormal situation
Authors: Spijkerman Roy , Bongers Suzanne H , Bindels Bas J J , Tinnevelt Gerjen H , Giustarini Giulio , Jorritsma Nikita K N , Buitenwerf Wiebe , van Spengler Daan E J , Delemarre Eveline M , Nierkens Stefan , van Goor Harriët M R , Jansen Jeroen J , Vrisekoop Nienke , Hietbrink Falco , Leenen Luke P H , Kaasjager Karin A H , Koenderman Leo ,   the COVPACH study group
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Critical COVID-19 is thought to be associated with a hyper-inflammatory process that can develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome, a critical disease normally mediated by dysfunctional neutrophils. This study tested the hypothesis whether the neutrophil compartment displays characteristics of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, a prospective study was performed on all patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting at the emergency room of a large academic hospital. Blood drawn within 2 d after hospital presentation was analyzed by point-of-care automated flow cytometry and compared with blood samples collected at later time points. COVID-19 patients did not exhibit neutrophilia or eosinopenia. Unexpectedly neutrophil activation markers (CD11b, CD16, CD10, and CD62L) did not differ between COVID-19-positive patients and COVID-19-negative patients diagnosed with other bacterial/viral infections, or between COVID-19 severity groups. In all patients, a decrease was found in the neutrophil maturation markers indicating an inflammation-induced left shift of the neutrophil compartment. In COVID-19 this was associated with disease severity.
Effect of different short‐term tillage management on nitrogen‐fixing bacteria community in a double‐cropping paddy field of southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Cheng Kaikai , Shi Lihong , Wen Li , Li Weiyan , Xiao Xiaoping
Published: December 2020

Soil nitrogen (N)‐fixing bacteria community plays an important role in the N cycling process in soil, but there is still limited information about how the soil microbes that drive this process to respond to combined application of tillage and crop residue management under the double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field in southern of China. Therefore, the effects of 6‐years short‐term tillage treatment on soil N‐fixing bacteria community under the double‐cropping rice paddy field in southern China were studied by using the polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis method. The field experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no‐tillage with crop residue retention (NT), rotary tillage with crop residue removed as control (RTO). The results showed that the diversity index and richness index of cbbLR and nifH genes with CT, RT, and NT treatments were increased, compared with RTO treatment. Compared with RTO treatment, the abundance of cbbLR gene with CT, RT, and NT treatments were increased by 6.54, 4.73, and 2.78 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of nifH gene with CT, RT, and NT treatments were 5.32, 3.71, and 2.45 times higher than that of RTO treatment. The results also indicated that soil autotrophic Azotobacter and nitrogenase activity with CT and RT treatments were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of RTO treatment. There was an obvious difference in characteristic of soil N‐fixing bacteria community between the application of crop residue and without crop residue input treatments. In summary, the results indicated that the abundance of N‐fixing bacteria community in the double‐cropping rice paddy field increased with conventional tillage and rotary tillage practice.
Effects of different drying methods on the chemical constituents of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. based on UHPLC‐MS analysis and antidepressant activity of the main chemical component regaloside A
Authors: Yuan Zhi‐ying , Li Zi‐yi , Zhao Hong‐qing , Gao Chuan , Xiao Meng‐wu , Jiang Xing‐ming , Zhu Jian‐ping , Huang Hui‐yong , Xu Guang‐Ming , Xie Meng‐zhou
Published: December 2020

The Lilium lancifolium Thunb. is a herb with multiple functions in both medicine and food in China, and its extracts have shown antidepressant effects. In this study, fresh bulbs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. were processed to study the effects of different drying processes on changes in its main chemical components. We found that different drying methods can affect the chemical constituents of the herb. Among these components, Regaloside A has been found as the characteristic component. Here, Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, and Western blotting were used to evaluate the neuroprotective antidepressant effects of Regaloside A. The results showed the cell survival rate was improved, the phosphorylation levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin were increased after Regaloside A treatment. In general, different drying methods have a significant influence on the chemical composition of the herb, and Regaloside A may be the main chemical component of the herb. It can alleviate the damage of corticosterone in SH‐SY5Y cells, and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling mediated by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B may play an important role in the neuroprotective antidepressant effects of Regaloside A.
Nonlinear behavior in preparative liquid chromatography: A method‐development case study for hydroxytyrosol purification
Authors: Xiao Ruting , Gao Die , Xie Wenjing , Fu Qifeng , Wang Lujun , Zhang Kailian , Zeng Jing
Published: December 2020

Preparative liquid chromatography has become an important purification method owing to its advantages of high separation efficiency, good reproducibility, and low solvent consumption. Because overloading in preparative liquid chromatography must be performed to increase the throughput in a cycle, nonlinear chromatographic behavior is observed. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully study nonlinear chromatography for the purification of a given product, which facilitates the efficient optimization of the purification parameters. In this work, a method for the development of a purification method using preparative liquid chromatography based on nonlinear chromatography is proposed. Hydroxytyrosol was selected as the subject for method demonstration. Using methanol and ethanol as organic modifiers, the optimum flow rate was determined on three commercial columns entitled C8TDE, C18ME, and C18TDE, respectively. The curves were fitted with the van Deemter equation, with thorough analysis of the A, B, and C terms. Adsorption isotherms were subsequently studied to explore the distribution of solutes between the stationary and mobile phases at equilibrium. C18TDE, 5 vol% ethanol–water, and 0.2 mL/min were selected as the optimal separation material, elution solvent, and flow rate, respectively. Purification of hydroxytyrosol was tentatively confirmed on a C18TDE column with 1.6% sample loading, 90.98% recovery, and 98.01% purity.
Real‐time assessment of potential peak local specific absorption rate value without phase monitoring: Trigonometric maximization method for worst‐case local specific absorption rate determination
Authors: Meliadò Ettore Flavio , Sbrizzi Alessandro , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Luijten Peter R. , Raaijmakers Alexander J. E.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Multi‐transmit MRI systems are typically equipped with dedicated hardware to sample the reflected/lost power in the transmit channels. After extensive calibration, the amplitude and phase of the signal at the feed of each array element can be accurately determined. However, determining the phase is more difficult and monitoring errors can lead to a hazardous peak local specific absorption rate (pSAR10g) underestimation. For this purpose, methods were published for online maximum potential pSAR10g estimation without relying on phase monitoring, but these methods produce considerable overestimation. We present a trigonometric maximization method to determine the actual worst‐case pSAR10g without any overestimation.

Theory and Method

The proposed method takes advantage of the sinusoidal relation between the SAR10g in each voxel and the phases of input signals, to return the maximum achievable SAR10g in a few iterations. The method is applied to determine the worst‐case pSAR10g for three multi‐transmit array configurations at 7T: (1) body array with eight fractionated dipoles; (2) head array with eight fractionated dipoles; (3) head array with eight rectangular loops. The obtained worst‐case pSAR10g values are compared with the pSAR10g values determined with a commonly used method and with a more efficient method based on reference‐phases.

Results

For each voxel, the maximum achievable SAR10g is determined in less than 0.1 ms. Compared to the reference‐phases‐based method, the proposed method reduces the mean overestimation of the actual pSAR10g up to 52%, while never underestimating the true pSAR10g.

Conclusion

The proposed method can widely improve the performance of parallel transmission MRI systems without phase monitoring.