bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Psychopathological Features of Mental Disorders in Patients with Poisoning by Hypotensive and Antiarrhythmic Drugs as a Result of Suicidal Acts
Authors: Dikaya T. I. , Ilyashenko K. K. , Sukhodolova G. N. , Zubareva O. V. , Potskhveriya M. M.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Among the forms of suicidal behavior, self-poisoning is the most common one, often occurring as a result of taking various medications, the second place among them is occupied by antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs. Studying the structure of mental disorders in suicide victims with poisoning by these drugs is necessary to prevent repeated suicidal acts.

   AIM OF STUDY. To study the clinical and psychopathological features of mental disorders in patients with acute poisoning by hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drugs as a result of suicidal acts.

   MATERIAL AND METHODS. The results of a psychopathological study were analyzed in 122 patients (age 15–93) with antihypertensive and antiarthymic drugs poisoning as the suicidal attempt.

   RESULTS. In the structure of mental disorders in patients with suicidal poisoning by hypotensive and antiarrhythmic drugs, anxiety-depressive reactions associated with stress prevailed (F43.20–43.25) — 65.6 %. Endogenous mental pathology was detected in 19.7 % of patients, of which endogenous depression (F32–F34) — in 13.1 %, depressive — delusional states with schizophrenia (F20) — in 6.6 %. Organic personality, affective psychotic and delusional disorders (F06–F07) were diagnosed in 14.7 % of patients. In 45.9 % of patients, acute poisoning occurred against the background of comorbid somatic pathology, in 87.5 % of them — of cardiovascular genesis. Typological variants of early postsuicidal states in the studied contingent of patients are as follows: critical type of postsuicide (54.9 %), manipulative (16.4 %), fixed (14.8 %), unspecified (13.9 %); their significance for assessing repeated suicidal risk was determined.

   CONCLUSION. The findings of the study complement the understanding of the patterns of suicidal behavior in patients with self-poisoning, which will improve approaches to the prevention of suicide through drug poisoning.
The Use of Neuromarker NSE, S100-B, GFAP Proteins in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Lukyanchikov V. A. , Godkov M. A. , Gordeev I. Yu. , Vayman E. S.
Published: January 2024

The incidence of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of cerebral aneurysms and subsequent disability motivates the search for predictors of severe course and unfavorable outcome of the disease for early intensive treatment. NSE, S100-B, GFAP markers have proven themselves well for assessing the dynamics of treatment for diseases of the nervous system and detecting neurological nosologies. The use of the above proteins in aneurysmal hemorrhage opens up new perspectives in assessing the clinical status of the patient in the early stages, developing further treatment strategies, as well as helps draw conclusions about the outcome of the disease and possible disability of the patient. The studies collected in the review motivate continued research of the neuromarkers in aneurysmal hemorrhage.
The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow and the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Vascular Spasm in Patients with Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Prirodov A. V. , Zhuravel S. V. , Bakharev E. Yu. , Goncharova I. I. , Zorin P. D. , Klychnikova E. V. , Tazina E. V. , Grin A. A. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: January 2024

The presented literature review is devoted to the role of the endothelial relaxing factor – nitric oxide (NO) – in the regulation of cerebral blood flow in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Modern views on the physiology of NO, methods of regulation and autoregulation of its synthesis are described, experimental and clinical data on the disruption of the production of the endothelial relaxing factor in subarachnoid hemorrhage are presented.
Autoimmune Encephalitis. An Analysis of Three Cases
Authors: Ramazanov G. R. , Shevchenko E. V. , Bardina E. M. , Korigova Kh. V. , Kovaleva E. A. , Akhmatkhanova L. Kh.-B. , Aliev I. S. , Sinkin M. V
Published: January 2024

The diagnosis of diseases from the group of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) requires a detailed analysis of clinical data and correlation of results from a wide range of laboratory and instrumental research methods. This article presents three clinical cases of patients with AE. In one patient, AE was associated with a malignant neoplasm, in the second one – with the novel coronavirus infection, and in the third patient, no comorbid pathology was detected. The specific type of encephalitis was determined for each of the three patients. The diagnosis of “autoimmune limbic encephalitis” was established in two patients based on visualization of changes in the medial temporal structures in the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, detection of pathological bioelectrical activity in the temporal lobe cortex in electroencephalography, and pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid. The diagnosis of “anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis” was made based on the detection of specific antibodies to the subunit of the corresponding receptor. Neurological deficit regression was observed in two patients after the application of combined immune therapy methods and in one patient without the use of immune therapy.
Optimizing Digging Equipment Productivity Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Method in Coal Overburden Mining Activities
Authors: Prabowo Heri , Hutmi Rahul , Dewata Indang
Published: January 2024

Coal companies have an overburden stripping production target of 95,000 bcm in January 2022, while the realization of production with the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD excavator and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H excavator is only 77,000 bcm or 82% of the production target. The purpose of this study was to obtain an analysis of the productivity of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H Excavator (31) in the overburden stripping activity in January 2022, analyze the obstacle factors that caused the available working hours to be reduced by using the Fishbone diagram method, get an analysis of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and Hitachi Zaxis 350 H (31) Excavator before being optimized, and get the analysis and productivity of the Sumitomo SH 350 LHD Excavator (40) and the Hitachi Zaxis 350 H Excavator (31) which has been optimized with the implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to achieve the overburden stripping production target. After analysis and improvement efforts, the total overburden stripping production was 149,000 bcm, which means that it has reached the target and even exceeded the production target of 95,000 bcm/month with the OEE value of the digging equipment of 41% and 43%, respectively. However, the OEE value is still very low compared to the world-class standard OEE value, which is 85% and there is still room for improvement.
Management and Evaluation of Vocational Training Programs at the Ponorogo Regency Vocational Training Center (VTC)
Authors: Alaska Martha , Nurhadi Didik , Romadin Achmad
Published: January 2024

The issue of employment and a decent living is crucial. This is complicated by developing an increasingly global world with increasingly fierce competition. Training is a factor in the development of Human Resources (HR). The success of an activity program depends on the management and evaluation results of the training program. This research aims to analyze the management and evaluation of the Ponorogo Regency Vocational Training Center. This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation. The information is obtained first, then used sources and techniques to triangulate it before being presented for discussion. The results of this study stated that training management at the Vocational Training Center (VTC) includes: the training process at the Vocational Training Center (VTC) covers planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation results show that the training met all requirements and needs (antecedents phase), was effectively implemented (transaction phase), and produced good average test results for trainees (outcomes phase). This indicates the VTC's commitment to providing quality training with successful outcomes.
PENINGKATAN ANTARMUKA DAN PENGALAMAN PENGGUNA PADA APLIKASI MINUTES BARBER MELALUI PENDEKATAN LEAN UX
Authors: Purbaya Muhammad Eka , Prakoso Noto Indra , Saintika Yudha
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi semakin meluas di berbagai organisasi dan pemerintahan, termasuk dalam sektor perawatan diri, seperti aplikasi pemesanan antrian barbershop bernama Minutes Barber. Aplikasi ini menyajikan fitur-fitur seperti Booking Online, Smart Notification, dan Payment. Namun, berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pengguna, terungkap beberapa kendala dalam penggunaannya. Kendala tersebut mencakup pengalaman pengguna yang membingungkan dan masalah teknis, seperti force close yang terjadi. Aplikasi Minutes Barber di Play Store juga mendapatkan rating sebesar 2,3, menunjukkan bahwa kualitas aplikasi ini masih kurang memadai. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, perlu adanya perbaikan dan perubahan tampilan aplikasi. Oleh karena itu, dipilih pendekatan menggunakan metode Lean UX. Metode ini fokus pada penggunaan sumber daya secara efisien dan perubahan yang cepat dalam proses merancang ulang aplikasi. Lean UX sangat mengedepankan kolaborasi tim yang erat untuk mencapai hasil yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Melalui serangkaian iterasi dan pengujian, penelitian ini berhasil memberikan perbaikan pada antarmuka pengguna aplikasi, dengan respons positif dari pengguna pada iterasi kedua. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kualitas antarmuka pengguna Aplikasi Minutes Barber, sehingga lebih memenuhi harapan pengguna dan memperkuat manfaat teknologi informasi dalam sektor perawatan diri.
Pencegahan Resiko Cidera Punggung Yang Dialami Oleh Prajurit Kodim 0429 Lampung Timur Dengan Pendekatan Keilmuan Fisioterapi
Authors: Akbar Bota Muhammad , Yudistra Efraldo , KHASANAH AL UM ANISWATUN
Published: January 2024

Tanpa disadari dalam aktivitas proses latihan fisik yang dilakukan oleh prajurit Dandim 0429 Lampung Timur banyak dilakukan secara manual dan dengan periode berulang, hal ini dapat menyebabkan masalah yang sering dijumpai pada latihan yang bersifat berkelanjutan seperti simulasi di lapangan seperti cedera punggung, nyeri leher dan kaki. Serta belum adanya identifikasi secara klinis dibidang medis dalam penanggulangan cidera dan pemahaman karakteristik jenis cidera manajemen otot ataupun metode pemulihan dalam paket latihan. Tujuan dari pencegahan ini adalah memberikan latihan serta penanggulangan berdasarkan data resiko cidera, pemeriksaan dengan prinsip latihan fisik anggota TNI AD sekaligus pendekatan keilmuan fisioterapi. Selain itu, tujuan lainnya adalah agar prajurit Dandim 0429 Lampung Timur mampu membuat program latihan yang terukur khususnya bagi prajurit yang bersifat perorangan agar dapat memberikan program latihan yang spesifik dalam penanggulangan terjadinya cidera serta latihan tepat guna berdasarkan kebutuhan prajurit secara fisik dan performa.
A CASE STUDY : EFEK STRETCHING EXERCISE UNTUK PENURUNAN NYERI DAN PENINGKATAN LINGKUP GERAK SENDI PADA KASUS NECK PAIN
Authors: Maharani Anissa Suci , Wijianto Wijianto , Harmasto Eko
Published: January 2024

Pendahuluan : Nyeri leher adalah keluhan yang sangat umum, tujuh puluh persen populasi pernah mengalami dalam hidupnya. Nyeri leher diimplikasikan oleh faktor-faktor seperti cedera, faktor pekerjaan, dan faktor non pekerjaan. Nyeri leher dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya penggunaan otot yang melibatkan gerakan berulang pada batang tubuh bagian atas karena berpotensi memicu timbulnya rasa sakit. Stretching adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk memanjangkan struktur jaringan lunak yang memendek, rileksasi,nyeri berkurang dan spasme berkurang. Metode : Penatalaksanaan fisioterapi pada kasus ini yaitu dengan pemberian stretching exercise untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan meningkatkan lingkup gerak sendiri pada leher. Hasil : penelitian setelah dilakukan fisioterapi selama 4 minggu dan sebanyak 8 kali didapatkan hasil adanya penurunan intensitas nyeri pada minggu ke-4 yaitu nyeri gerak (0), nyeri tekan (0), dan nyeri diam (0). Peningkatan pada lingkup gerak sendi juga terlihat pada minggu ke-4 didapatkan hasil yaitu bidang sagital didapatkan hasil (80º-0º- 50º), bidang frontal (45º-0º-45º), bidang transversal (80º-0º-80º) pada minggu ini telah tercapai LGS normal tanpa keterbatasan dan tanpa nyeri. Kesimpulan : Penatalaksaan fisioterapi berupa Stretching exercise yang diberikan kepada pasien dengan diagnosis neck pain e.c thighness neck muscle post tiroidektomi didapatkan hasil bahwa stretching exercise dapat menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan meningkatan lingkup gerak sendi leher.
Evaluation of serologic and cellular immune responses of cattle to a nonlipopolysaccharide antigen from Brucella abortus
Authors: Hoffmann Edward M. , Shapiro Steven J. , Nicoletti Paul
Published: January 2024

Cows naturally infected with Brucella abortus developed antibody (Ab) responses to a nonlipopolysaccharide antigen (nla) purified from B abortus strain 1119-3. Sera from strain 19-vaccinated cows did not have detectable amounts of Ab. Weak lymphoproliferative responses to NLA were observed in blood mononuclear cell suspensions obtained from infected cows. There was no evidence of NLA-specific lymphoproliferation in cell suspensions from healthy cows.

Nonlipopolysaccharide antigen binding to bovine blood mononuclear cells was observed by antigen-consumption assays and direct binding of radiolabeled antigen. Cells from infected cows bound less NLA than did cells from healthy cows when assays were conducted with intact blood mononuclear cell preparations (monocytes plus lymphocytes). Monocytes obtained from any group did not bind NLA. Purified B lymphocytes from infected and healthy vaccinated cows bound about 3 times more nla than did T lymphocytes, but there were no apparent differences between the 2 groups in extent of binding.

Results of the study indicate that bovine lymphocytes have binding sites for a nla purified from B abortus strain 1119-3.
Pseudorabies virus latency and reactivation in vaccinated swine
Authors: Schoenbaum Mark A. , Beran George W. , Murphy Dorothy P.
Published: January 2024

Latency and reactivation of pseudorabies virus in swine was studied. Thirty-one pigs were assigned to 5 groups and were given 1 of 4 vaccines; 10 remained unvaccinated controls. All pigs were then challenge exposed with a sublethal dose of virulent pseudorabies virus. One hundred one days after challenge exposure, all pigs were treated with dexamethasone to reactivate the virus. Virus-positive tonsil and nasal mucus isolates were recovered from 29 of the 31 pigs over a 12-day period. Frequency and duration of virus-positivity were significantly (P < 0.05) and consistently lower among vaccinated pigs than among the unvaccinated controls. It was concluded that vaccination before challenge exposure had little or no effect on the rate of establishment of virus latency, but that vaccination reduced shedding after subsequent reactivation of the virus.
Effects of halothane and isoflurane on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in adult Pekin ducks
Authors: Goelz Mary F. , Hahn Allen W. , Kelley Steven T.
Published: January 2024

Although the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of halothane and isoflurane have been documented in a variety of common mammalian laboratory animals, they have not been investigated in birds. In this study, the effects of halothane and isoflurane anesthesia on respiratory rate, heart rate, heart rhythm, and mean arterial pressure in adult Pekin ducks were evaluated. Both anesthetics significantly increased heart rate and depressed blood pressure and respiration. Halothane induced a more profound alteration in heart rate and respiratory rate. With the ducks under halothane anesthesia, abnormal cardiac rhythms included ventricular fibrillation, ventricular bigeminy, and multifocal ventricular rhythms. Other than cardiac tachycardia, isoflurane induced no changes in cardiac rhythm.
Evaluation of pregnant rabbits as a laboratory model for bovid herpesvirus-4 infection
Authors: Naeem K. , Caywood Dennis D. , Werdin Ronald E. , Goyal Sagar M.
Published: January 2024

A field strain (87-8363) of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) isolated from an aborted bovine fetus was used to inoculate pregnant rabbits. Eleven rabbits in midgestation were alloted to 4 groups consisting of 3 infected groups and 1 control group. Rabbits were inoculated with bhv-4 or mock-infected cell culture preparations via iv, intravaginal, and intrauterine routes. Mild vulvovaginitis and endometritis were observed after intravaginal and iv inoculation of bhv-4, whereas intrauterine inoculation of bhv-4 resulted in abortion of hemorrhagic fetuses and nonsuppurative endometritis. Virus was successfully isolated from organ explants of fetal tissues. Rabbits seroconverted 1 week after infection as detected by results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay.
Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from washed bovine ova after in vitro exposure
Authors: Rohde R. F. , Shulaw W. P. , Hueston W. D. , Bech-Nielsen S. , Haibel G. K. , Hoffsis G. F.
Published: January 2024

To establish whether Mycobacterium paratuberculosis could be cultured from Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline solution (dpbss) and to test 3 sampling methods, dpbss supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum was inoculated with M paratuberculosis at concentrations of 104, 103, 102, 101, and 100 colony-forming units/ml. The inoculated media was sampled after mixing, after centrifugation, and after centrifugation and decontamination with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride. The samples were inoculated onto 3 slants of Herrolds egg yolk medium supplemented with sodium pyruvate and mycobactin J and 1 slant without mycobactin J. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated following all 3 sampling methods for all concentrations. Treatment with hexadecylpyridinium chloride decreased the number of colonies isolated.

To test the efficacy of a 10-step wash procedure for removing M paratuberculosis from bovine ova, washed zona pellucida intact bovine ova were incubated in dpbss supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum containing concentrations of 104, 103, 102, 101, and 100 colony-forming units of M paratuberculosis/ml for 12 hours at 22 C. Ten zona pellucida intact ova were removed from each concentration and washed by passing through 10 changes of dpbss supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. The media from each wash step was inoculated onto slants of Herrolds egg yolk medium. The ova were included with the tenth wash step. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from 1 of 10 tenth-wash steps at the 104 concentration and 5 of 10 tenth-wash steps at 103.
Effects of furosemide on the racing times of Thoroughbreds
Authors: Sweeney Corinne Raphel , Soma Lawrence R. , Maxson Abby D. , Thompson Joseph E. , Holcombe Susan J. , Spencer Pamela A.
Published: January 2024

The effects of furosemide on the racing times of 79 horses without exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (eiph) and 52 horses with eiph were investigated. Racing times were adjusted to 1-mile equivalent racing times by 2 speed handicapping methods, and analysis of covariance was used to adjust actual racing times by winning time and distance for each race. All 3 methods of determining racing time indicated that geldings without eiph had significantly faster racing times (P < 0.05) when given furosemide before racing than when furosemide was not given before racing. Females and colts without eiph were determined to have faster racing times when furosemide was given before racing, but the difference was not significant. Geldings with eiph had significantly faster racing times (P = 0.0231) when given furosemide before racing, as determined by one of the speed handicapping methods. There was a strong correlation (range 0.9314 to 0.9751) between the 1-mile equivalent racing times, as determined by the 2 speed handicapping methods for horses with and without eiph. Furosemide failed to prevent the development of eiph in many horses that were previously considered to be eiph-negative. When given furosemide, 62 (25.3%) of 235 eiph-negative horses were eiph-positive after racing. Furosemide had questionable efficacy for prevention of eiph in known eiph-positive horses. Thirty-two (61.5%) of 52 eiph-positive horses given furosemide before a race remained eiph-positive after that race.
Effect of dietary crude-protein type on fertilization and embryo quality in dairy cattle
Authors: Blanchard T. , Ferguson J. , Love L. , Takeda T. , Henderson B. , Hasler J. , Chalupa W.
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted to determine whether balancing dietary crude protein for optimal rumen degradability would improve fertilization rate and quality of ova in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-eight Holstein cows in early lactation were fed 1 of 2 diets formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, containing 16% crude protein, Diet 1 contained 73% rumen degradable intake protein, whereas diet 2 contained 64% rumen degradable intake protein. The cows were induced to superovulate and were inseminated, and ova were recovered nonsurgically on postbreeding day 7. Ova were counted and classified as fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized ova were scored as excellent, good, fair, poor, or degenerate. Unfertilized ova and poor and degenerate embryos were considered to be nontransferable ova and excellent, good, and fair embryos were considered to be transferable ova. There were no differences for mean number of fertilized, unfertilized, transferable, or nontransferable ova recovered from cows fed the 2 diets (P > 0.10). Mean percentage of fertilized ova recovered from cows was greater (P < 0.05) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. Mean percentage of transferable ova recovered from cows tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. More cows failed to yield transferable ova (P < 0.05) when fed diet 1, compared with diet 2. Fertilization failure or early degeneration of embryos may occur in cows fed excess rumen degradable protein.
Effects of preweaning exposure to a starter diet on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced postweaning diarrhea in swine
Authors: Sarmiento J. I. , Runnels P. L. , Moon H. W.
Published: January 2024

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of restricted feeding of a starter diet to suckling pigs (creep feeding) in a model of postweaning colibacillosis. The hypothesis that restricted creep feeding primes an intestinal allergic reaction to starter diet ingested after weaning was tested. Twenty-eight suckling pigs were fed a starter diet for 3 h/d on days 7, 8, and 9 after birth (creep-fed). Twenty-six suckling pigs were not fed the diet until 3 weeks of age (not creep-fed), when all pigs were weaned and given the starter diet. One day after weaning, 24 creep-fed and 22 not creep-fed pigs were inoculated with K88+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and 4 pigs in each group were kept as noninoculated controls. Among inoculated pigs (principals), 10 creep-fed and 12 not creep-fed pigs were found to be genetically resistant to K88+ E coli and remained healthy during the 6-day postinoculation period, as did the noninoculated controls. Eighteen (10 creep-fed and 8 not creep-fed) of the 24 genetically susceptible principals developed diarrhea after inoculation. There were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of diarrhea, amount of body weight loss, and mortality between creep-fed and not creep-fed susceptible principal pigs. Histologic examination of intestine from control pigs and principals that survived for 6 days after infection did not reveal any substantial morphologic difference between creep-fed and not creep-fed groups. In conclusion, creep feeding was not required for the production of diarrhea in this model. Creep feeding did not induce morphologic changes characteristic of an allergic reaction in the small intestine.
Microcytosis, hypoferremia, hypoferritemia, and hypertransferrinemia in Standardbred foals from birth to 4 months of age
Authors: Kohn Catherine W. , Jacobs Robert M. , Knight Debra , Hueston William , Gabel Albert A. , Reed Steve M.
Published: January 2024

At birth, 24 Standardbred foals were assigned at random to 1 of 2 groups and were given a placebo supplement (group 1) or an iron supplement (248 mg of iron/treatment; group 2). Foals were given iron supplement or placebo 4 times during the second and third weeks after birth. Hematologic variables and general health were monitored until foals were 4 months old. Mean pcv in foals of both groups decreased during the first 2 weeks after birth, but values remained within adult horse reference ranges. During the first 6 weeks after birth, foal erythrocytes were smaller than adult horse erythrocytes, but foal erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was greater than that in adult horses. At every measurement, indices of anisocytosis were lower in foals, compared with adult horse reference values, suggesting that foals have a homogeneous population of microcytic erythrocytes during early foalhood. In 2-week-old foals of both groups and in 4-week-old placebo-treated foals, mean serum iron concentration was lower than that in adult horses. In foals at birth and during the first 4 months, total iron-binding capacity values were above the adult reference range. In newborn foals, transferrin saturation percentage values were above the adult reference range; however, values decreased to below the reference range in foals from 2 weeks to 4 months after birth. When foals were born, serum ferritin concentration values were above the adult horse reference range, but decreased to within the reference range by the time foals were 1 day old. From 2 through 6 weeks after birth, foal ferritin concentration values were below the adult reference range. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in any variable measured. All foals remained healthy and grew as expected on the basis of comparison with the previous year's foal crop.

The development of low serum ferritin and iron concentrations, high serum total iron-binding capacity, low transferrin saturation percentage, and microcytosis in conjunction with decreasing pcv during the first 2 weeks after birth might be explained by foal depletion of iron stores. However, beneficial effects on hematologic variables were not observed in response to oral administration of 4 doses (248 mg each) of iron during the second and third weeks after birth. Apparently, most foals have sufficient body iron stores at birth and sufficient iron intake to support demands for iron during early foalhood.
Kinetics of IgM and IgG responses to experimental and naturally acquired Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Levy Michael G. , Davidson Michael G. , Walker David H. , Burgdorfer Willy , Curtis Barbara C. , Babineau Cynthia A.
Published: January 2024

The kinetics of specific IgM and IgG antibody response was characterized in four 9-month-old Beagles after inoculation of 2 × 102 plaque-forming units (pfu) of Sheila Smith strain of Rickettsia rickettsii. Immunoglobulin M antibodies were first detected by indirect immunoflorescence on postinoculation (pi) day 9, peaked by pi day 20, and were no longer detectable by pi day 80. Immunoglobulin G antibodies became detectable between pi days 22 and 28, peaked by pi day 42, and decreased gradually through pi day 130. Subsequent challenges with R rickettsii on pi days 216 (2 × 102 pfu/dog) and 1,029 (5 × 104 tissue culture infective dose [tcid50]/dog) resulted in slightly different serologic responses. The initial challenge exposure failed to increase the concentration of IgG antibodies and induced only low concentrations of IgM antibodies. After the second challenge inoculation, IgM antibodies were not detectable and the concentration IgG antibodies increased slightly. Clinical abnormalities and seroconversion were documented in control dogs following each challenge exposure.

Examination of acute and convalescent serum samples from 55 dogs in which Rocky Mountain spotted fever was suspected clinically suggested that sole evaluation of IgM antibodies in acute-phase serum would result in inaccurate diagnoses because of false-positive and -negative results. Use of a composite conjugate that detects IgM and IgG antibodies to R rickettsii appears to be satisfactory for diagnostic purposes; however, concurrent quantitation of IgM antibodies may facilitate serodiagnosis in a select group of dogs in which a four-fold increase in convalescent antibody titer is not detected by use of the composite conjugate.

With the exception of a dog with a serum antibody titer of 1:8,192, we were unable to detect IgM or IgG antibodies in csf samples from 9 dogs with experimentally and 3 dogs with naturally acquired infections.
Use of relaxation half-time as an index of ventricular relaxation in clinically normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Golden A. Lynelle , Bright Janice M.
Published: January 2024

Relaxation half-time (t½) was evaluated as a measure of isovolumic ventricular relaxation in clinically normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Relaxation half-time was determined directly from the left ventricular pressure tracing as the time required for the left ventricular pressure at the beginning of isovolumic relaxation to decrease by half.

The value of t½ was unaffected by moderate changes in heart rate, inotropic state, and afterload in clinically normal cats. However, t½ increased significantly (P = 0.003) with increased preload. The value of t½ was significantly higher (P = 0.0003) in a group of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, compared with that of a group of clinically normal cats. Although t½ must be interpreted in the context of changes in loading conditions, the index is useful as a measure of relaxation in clinically normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Blood biochemical response to sodium bicarbonate infusion during sublethal endotoxemia in ponies
Authors: Gossett K. A. , French D. D. , Cleghorn B. , Church G. E.
Published: January 2024

Hypertonic NaHCO3 infusion caused blood volume expansion, increased blood bicarbonate concentration, and delayed the onset of hypophosphatemia in ponies with endotoxemia. However, NaHCO3 infusion did not normalize blood pH, and it increased blood l-lactate concentration, and caused hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and hyperosmolality. The deleterious effects of NaHCO3 infusion in endotoxemic ponies outweighed the beneficial effects. The role of hypertonic NaHCO3 given iv for treatment of endotoxemia in equids must be reevaluated.
Evaluation of two commercial test kits for detection of occult blood in feces of dogs
Authors: Gilson Stephen D. , Parker Brent B. , Twedt David C.
Published: January 2024

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of 2 commercial test kits for detection of occult blood in canine feces, various volumes of blood were administered to 6 dogs via orogastric tube. Blood volumes tested were chosen on the basis of hemoglobin quantities of 5, 10, 20, 200, 350, and 500 mg of hemoglobin/kg of body weight. Fecal specimens were collected twice daily and analyzed separately by 2 observers for the presence of occult blood by use of modified guaiac and orthotolodine tablet tests, and for melena by visual inspection. Five dogs given blood at the rate of 500 mg of hemoglobin/kg and 1 dog given blood at the rate of 350 mg of hemoglobin/kg developed melena. Results of both occult blood tests were positive in 2 of 6 dogs given blood at the rate of 5 mg of hemoglobin/kg. Five of 6, and 4 of 6 dogs given blood at the rate of 10 mg hemoglobin/kg had positive test results by modified guaiac and orthotolodine methods, respectively. Results of both methods were positive in all dogs given blood at the rate of 20 mg of hemoglobin/kg. There was 86% agreement between the 2 observers’ results for the modified guaiac method, and 78% agreement for the orthotolodine method. There was 77% agreement of results between the 2 test methods. Gastrointestinal transit time decreased with increasing volumes of blood. Occult blood testing was found to be useful for detection of blood in feces at volumes 20 to 50 times less than that required to cause melena.
Bovine recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhancement of bovine neutrophil functions in vitro
Authors: Reddy P. G. , McVey D. S. , Chengappa M. M. , Blecha F. , Minocha H. C. , Baker P. E.
Published: January 2024

Neutrophils were purified from blood of dexamethasone-treated (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) and untreated calves. Cells were untreated (controls) or cultured in media containing 5 or 10 ng of bovine recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rbgm-csf)/ml for 10 to 12 hours before being tested for various functions. Dexamethasone treatment of calves decreased luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, decreased phagocytosis of Pasteurella multocida and several Staphylococcus spp by various degrees, and decreased antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxocity against bovine herpesvirus-infected cells by 26 to 32%. The percentage phagocytosis of coagulase-positive S aureus and S intermedius was higher than that of coagulase-negative S epidermidis for neutrophils from all calves. Culture of neutrophils with rbgm-csf significantly increased (P < 0.05) all of the aforementioned functions, compared with control neutrophils; however, rbgm-csf-induced increases in function tended to be higher in neutrophils from dexamethasone-treated calves than in neutrophils from untreated calves.
Evaluation of three applanation tonometers in dogs
Authors: Priehs Daniel R. , Gum Glenwood G. , Whitley R. David , Moore Lisa E.
Published: January 2024

The Mackay-Marg, Tono-Pen, and Challenger applanation tonometers were evaluated in vivo in 12 clinically normal eyes of 6 dogs. Tonometric measures of intraocular pressure (iop) were compared with closed manometric iop measurements from the anterior chamber of anesthetized dogs. The tonometers were evaluated at iop that ranged from 5 to 100 mm of Hg. The Mackay-Marg tonometer was the most reliable instrument when evaluated at iop from 5 to 100 mm of Hg (r2 = 0.996) and from 10 to 30 mm of Hg (r2 = 0.962). The Tono-Pen tonometer was also reliable (r2 = 0.967) over the range of iop, but consistently overestimated iop at lower pressures and underestimated iop at higher pressures. The Mackay-Marg and Tono-Pen measurements were essentially linear. When evaluated from 10 to 30 mm of Hg, r2 was 0.828 for the Tono-Pen tonometer. The Challenger tonometer, although reliable over the full range of iop (r2 = 0.965), proved to be less accurate, as indicated by lack of a good linear equation.
In vivo and in vitro genetic recombination between conventional and gene-deleted vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus
Authors: Henderson Louise M. , Katz Jonathan B. , Erickson Gene A. , Mayfield John E.
Published: January 2024

Pseudorabies virus (prv), an alpha-herpesvirus, causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry and is currently the focus of eradication and control programs. Some of these programs rely on the ability of veterinarians to differentiate animals exposed to virulent strains of prv from animals exposed to avirulent vaccine strains of prv on the basis of a serologic response to nonessential glycoproteins that are deleted in some vaccine strains of prv. Genetic recombination resulting in the creation of virulent strains of prv with the same negative immunologic markers as vaccine strains could disrupt these programs. Two strains of prv were coinoculated either into tissue culture or into sheep to facilitate recombination. Progeny viruses were selected to detect a specific recombinant phenotype. We were able to detect genetic recombination between vaccine strains of prv following in vitro or in vivo coinoculation of 2 strains of prv. The selected recombinants had marker-deleted phenotypes in strains with restored virulence genes. Increased virulence was observed in sheep after coinoculation of 2 avirulent vaccine strains of prv.
Effects of tetracycline hydrochloride on pleurae in dogs with induced pleural effusion
Authors: Gallagher Laura A. , Birchard Stephen J. , Weisbrode Steven E.
Published: January 2024

Pleural effusion was induced in 12 dogs by ligation of the cranial vena cava. Pleurodesis was attempted by injecting a solution of tetracycline hydrochloride into the pleural space of 8 dogs (4 dogs, 25 mg/kg of body weight; 4 dogs, 50 mg/kg) via bilateral thoracostomy tubes. In both groups, tetracycline was diluted in 40 ml of normal saline solution and 10 ml of 1% lidocaine before injection. Half of the solution (25 ml) was instilled in each hemithorax. Four control dogs were treated in the same manner with a solution of normal saline and lidocaine. Daily pleural fluid production was measured after the attempted pleurodesis. Thirty days after administration of the solution, each dog was euthanatized and necropsied. Surface area of pleural adhesions was measured. Tissues from regions of pleural adhesions and areas of parietal and visceral pleura not involved in adhesions were analyzed histologically.

Formation of pleural fluid stopped in all but 1 control dog within 48 hours after injection of solution. This dog effused throughout the study. The resolution of effusion was not significantly (P < 0.05) different between the tetracycline-treated dogs and the control group. Although diffuse pleural adhesions were not induced in any of tbe dogs, significantly (P < 0.0027) more surface area of lung was adhered in dogs treated with the higher dose of tetracycline.
Pharmacokinetics of pipemidic acid in chickens after single intravenous and oral dosings
Authors: Anadón A. , Martinez-Larrañaga M. R. , Diaz M. J. , Velez C. , Bringas P.
Published: January 2024

The pharmacokinetics of pipemidic acid after 2 single doses were studied in broiler chickens. Chickens were given single iv and oral doses of 10 and 30 mg of pipemidic acid/ kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected over 8 hours after each dose administration. High-pressure liquid chromatography with uv detection was used to determine concentrations in plasma of pipemidic acid. The plasma concentration-time curves after iv administration followed 2-compartment characteristics, rapid initial distribution phase, and a terminal elimination phase. The pharmacokinetic variables differed significantly between single doses of 10 and 30 mg of pipemidic acid/kg. Mean disposition variables were a half-life at α phase of 0.06 hours or 0.33 hours, a half-life at β phase of 1.18 hours or 1.72 hours, a volume of distribution in the central compartment of 0.12 L/kg or 0.31 L/kg, a volume of distribution during the elimination β phase of 1.64 L/kg or 1.05 L/kg, and a total plasma clearance of 0.97 L/h·kg or 0.41 L/h-kg, for the 10 or 30 mg/kg dose, respectively. After oral administration, the pipemidic acid plasma profile could be adequately described by a 1-compartment model. After the single oral doses of 10 and 30 mg of pipemidic acid/kg, pipemidic acid was absorbed rapidly (time to maximal concentration of 0.31 hours or 0.71 hours) and eliminated with a mean half-life of 0.86 hours or 0.61 hours, respectively. The bioavailability was 39% at 10 mg of pipemidic acid/kg and 61% at 30 mg of pipemidic acid/kg.
In vitro susceptibility of some porcine respiratory tract pathogens to aditoprim, trimethoprim, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and combinations of these agents
Authors: Mengelers M. J. B. , van Klingeren B. , van Miert A. S. J. P. A. M.
Published: January 2024

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of aditoprim (ap), a new dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitor, trimethoprim (tmp), sulfadimethoxine (sdm), sulfamethoxazole (smx), and combinations of these drugs against some porcine respiratory tract pathogens were determined by use of an agar dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of these agents were determined twice against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20) strains isolated from pigs suffering from atrophic rhinitis or pleuropneumonia.

All B bronchiseptica strains were resistant to ap and tmp. The mic50 values of ap and tmp for P multocida were 0.25 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively, and for A pleuropneumoniae, 1 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. The mic50 values of sdm and smx for B bronchiseptica were 4 and 1 μg/ml, respectively; for P multocida, 16 and 8 μg/ml, respectively; and for A pleuropneumoniae, 16 and 8 μg/ml, respectively.

The investigated combinations of the dhfr inhibitors and the selected sulfonamides had synergism for the A pleuropneumoniae strains; the mic90 values of the combinations were ≤ 0.06 μg/ml. Potentiation was not observed for the B bronchiseptica and the P multocida isolates. The mic of the combinations against B bronchiseptica and P multocida corresponded respectively to the concentrations of the sulfonamides and the dhfr inhibitors in the combinations.

For A pleuropneumoniae, 2 types of strains were used (25% of serotype 2 and 75% of serotype 9). Type-2 strains had lower susceptibility than type - 9 strains to ap and tmp as well as to sdm and smx (at least a fourfold difference in mic between the 2 types of strains). The mic of the combinations were similar for the 2 types of strains.
Deconvolution study of the absorption rate and disposition kinetic values of lindane in sheep
Authors: Dagorn Michèle , Guillot Philippe , Sanders Pascal , Laurentie Michel , Toutain Pierre-Louis
Published: January 2024

Absorption rate and plasma and fat disposition of lindane after various lindane percutaneous treatments in shorn and unshorn sheep were investigated. To analyze data with a deconvolution method, iv administration was performed to determine the basic pharmacokinetic values of lindane in sheep. After iv administration, the steady state volume of distribution was very high (8.07 ± 3.60 L/kg of body weight), and the mean residence time was long (28.1 ± 11.7 hours). Deconvolution analysis indicated that lindane absorption was continuous until 33 to 41 days after spraying with a 0.025% lindane solution. Total amount of absorbed lindane in shorn (15,171 ± 4,463 μg/kg) sheep was about twice that in unshorn (7,615 ± 3,128 (μg/kg) sheep; from deconvolution analysis, it was calculated that the time required for 50% of the available dose to be absorbed was between 115 and 179 hours.

After percutaneous lindane administration, the fat concentration was compared with the available lindane dose. The apparent half-life of lindane elimination in fat was 225 ± 47.4 hours, which is similar to the value calculated for the absorption rate constant. By comparing fat and plasma concentrations, it was calculated that for a mean plasma concentration of 5 ng/ml, the fat lindane concentration was 1.65 ± 0.87 μg/g (ie, lower than the generally accepted tolerance level of 2 μg/g).
Furcation entrance anatomy of the fourth maxillary premolar in dogs
Authors: Smith Mark M. , Moon Martha L. , Callan Maura , Rozum Michael
Published: January 2024

Tooth surface and interradicular area (furcation) measurements were determined for 20 fourth maxillary premolar teeth obtained randomly from canine cadavers. The palatal furcation entrance had a mean width of 1.2 ± 0.1 mm. The coronal roof of the palatal furcation was located at the cementoenamel junction (cej). The buccal furcation entrance had a mean width of 0.9 ± 0.2 mm. The horizontal attachment area between the cej and the coronal roof of the buccal furcation was 1.3 ± 0.3 mm. The mesial furcation entrance had a mean width of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm. The horizontal attachment area between the cej and the coronal roof of the mesial furcation entrance was 1.7 ± 0.3 mm. The mean coefficient of variation for variables measured was 10.3%. Tooth size did not have a significant effect on furcation entrance measurement. All teeth had a fluted area between the cej and mesial furcation, a concavity coronal to the furcation area, a distal concavity of the mesial root trunk between the mesiopalatal and mesiobuccal roots, and a mesial furcation concavity of the distal root extending apically for a mean distance of 60% of the distal root length. The complexity of furcation entrance anatomy may be a factor in the manifestation of periodontal disease involving the furcation of the fourth maxillary premolar in dogs.
Effects of milbemycin oxime on adult Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala in dogs with experimentally induced infections
Authors: Bowman Dwight D. , Lin Dah-Sheng , Johnson Robert C. , Hepler Douglas I.
Published: January 2024

Previous work had indicated that the 2 canine hookworms, Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala, may differ in their susceptibility to treatment with milbemycin oxime. Thus, the study reported here was to examine the effects of this drug on concomitant infections in experimentally infected dogs. Twenty specific-pathogen-free Beagles were inoculated orally with 500 infective-stage larvae from a mixture of larval A caninum and U stenocephala. Quantitative fecal examinations were performed weekly, beginning the day of infection. The dogs were assigned to 2 equal groups, 1 group that received the compound and 1 that received a placebo. The dogs were treated on postinoculation days 30, 60, and 90. For A caninum, egg counts dropped precipitously after the first treatment, and no eggs of this species were found in the feces of any of the treated dogs after the second treatment. The treatments had no significant effect on the mean egg counts made on U stenocephala, although 2 dogs stopped passing eggs entirely after the second treatment. At necropsy, no A caninum were found in any of the treated dogs; the mean number recovered from the control-group dogs was 56.1. Significant difference was not found in the mean number of adult U stenocephala recovered from the treated and control groups (27.0 and 21.7, respectively).
Characterization of proteins in sporulated and unsporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts
Authors: Pote Linda M. , Ainsworth A. Jerald , Brown Jesse E. , Haney Judith A.
Published: January 2024

Proteins in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima were characterized, using monoclonal antibodies (mab), elisa, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and protein (western) immunoblotting techniques. Three mab (EMI, EM2, and EM4) were produced against proteins of sporulated oocysts. The elisa results indicated that EMI was reactive with sporulated oocyst proteins, EM2 was reactive with sporulated and unsporulated oocyst proteins, and EM4 was reactive with unsporulated oocysts and proteins. Separation of proteins in E maxima sporulated and unsporulated oocysts by sds-page indicated that sporulated oocysts had proteins of approximately 200 kilodaltons (kD) and distinct protein bands at 21.5 and 45 kD. Using sds-page, unsporulated oocysts had less-distinct high molecular weight protein bands (> 200 kD), compared with sporulated oocysts, and a distinct protein band at 31 kD. Use of all 3 mab yielded negative results in western blot analysis of fractions obtained by sds-page.
Electron microscopic study of Bacteroides nodosus pili and associated structures
Authors: Gradin Joseph L. , Sonn Anita E. , Bearwood Dana E. , Schmitz John A. , Smith Alvin W.
Published: January 2024

Surface structures of Bacteroides nodosus were examined by electron microscopy. Collodion film and chrome shadowing were used for maximizing the visualization of B nodosus pili and ring structures. The existence of B nodosus pili in foot rot lesions was confirmed. Contrary to previous reports, it was found that B nodosus pili production can be retained through serial broth transfer under certain conditions. Capsule production by B nodosus was irregular in that it could be either lacking or variable in thickness. A bacteriophage capable of infecting B nodosus also was detected.