bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfer of “Social Parts” in a Limited Liability Company, with Particular Reference to the Latest Amendment to the Romanian Companies Act
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Law, Cluj-Napoca, Füzi Norbert
Published: January 2023

"A limited liability company carries the stylistic features of partnerships and capital companies at the same time, and within the company there is a mutual relationship of trust between its members, of an intuitu personae nature, called affectio societatis. In this article, I examine this form of company in the light of the latest amendment to the Romanian Companies Act, but I also compare the concepts of the “business share” appearing in the model of the Hungarian limited liability company and the “social part” in Romania. I am looking for an answer as to what extent affectio societatis is affected by the transfer of social parts in a company to a person other than the members of the company. In the course of my research, I come to the conclusion that in Romania, as a result of the recent amendments to the Companies Act, the social part has started on the path of “securitization”, I could even say that it is becoming like a share of a joint-stock company. This is due to the fact that the rules of the transferability of the social parts appear to be relaxed, and in many cases the cogency is replaced by disposition. The system of trust between the members seems to have broken down, thus affecting the affectio societatis and the partnerial nature of the limited liability company."
Rights and Obligations of Co-Owners in the Joint Use of the Restituted Property
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Géza Marton Doctoral School of Legal Studies, Valdman István ,   Maramureș County Bar Association
Published: January 2023

My dissertation deals with the topic of co-ownership rights and obligations following the restitution of forests in Romania. The aim of the dissertation is to compare the Hungarian civil law before 1918 and the current Romanian civil law regulations in force in Transylvania before 1945, by attempting to find a solution to specific legal issues. I made the comparison on the basis of the work of Dr Bálint Kolosváry, a professor of law, who was a professor at the University of Law in Cluj-Napoca and then at the University of Pécs until 1921. For my research and to achieve my goal, I used the comparative method, literature review, and the method of studying legal cases. The focus of my case study is on a specific legal case, which I will summarize in my dissertation in the section dedicated to the details relevant to the subject of the analysis. In the course of my research, I came to the conclusion that according to the current legislation, a minority co-owner is in a more favourable position compared to Hungarian private law rules that were once in force.
Investigation the Effect of Sample Length in Different Currents and Frequencies of Measurement on the Magneto Impedance, Sensitivity and Extinction Field of Amorphous Cobalt Based Ribbons
Authors: Mosavi Sayed Rohullah , Amiry Keramatullah , Hussaini Sayed Abdulmoqim
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the effect of sample length on different currents and frequencies of measurement on magneto impedance (MI) of amorphous cobalt based ribbons was investigated. Firstly, we cut the ribbon to 4 cm length and then measurements of MI were carried out in constant current of 8 mA and frequency ranges between 1 to 15 MHz. The maximum sensitivity (9.16 Oe-1) at a frequency of 11 MHz was obtained. Also, the maximum extinction field was obtain 41.6 Oe. In the next step, the currents of 6 to 14 mA and the frequencies from 1 to 6 MHz were examined and in the optima conditions the maximum MI reached to 195%. In the next step, the length of ribbon was reduced to 2 cm and the MI was measured at previous currents and frequencies that results showed the reduction of MI in the most of conditions. In addition, at frequency ranges between 1 to 15 MHz, the maximum sensitivity was 10.2 Oe-1 and the maximum extinction field was 52.3 Oe. As a result, by decreasing the length of the ribbon, the MI reduce, but the sensitivity and excitation field increases, which is suitable for sensing applications. This behavior can be explained due to the demagnetization field, which is strongly dependent on the sample length.
Innovación, competitividad y confianza
Authors: García Ochoa Juan José , González Velásquez Leticia María , Ochoa Vázquez Iván , Valenzuela Valenzuela Alejandro
Published: January 2023

La competitividad de las entidades federativas y de sus municipios que constituyen un país juega un rol clave para orientar las estrategias y esfuerzos que permitan lograr un desarrollo en la prosperidad de manera sostenida de su población. Es por ello que se han generado grandes esfuerzos para desarrollar metodologías de medición de la competitividad. En este trabajo se presenta como propuesta un nuevo modelo, el cual fue probado empíricamente, para medir la competitividad mediante un indicador compuesto y con ello caracterizar los municipios del estado de Sonora, México. Este libro pretende contribuir con un paso más en el camino hacia la productividad de los municipios. Coedición con McGraw-Hill Interamericana Editores S. A. de C. V
Administración contemporánea: Retos organizacionales y jurídicos
Authors: Espinoza Morales Francisco , Zallas Esquer Lidia Amalia , Clark Valenzuela Ernesto
Published: January 2023

Esta obra colectiva aborda temáticas relevantes en la administración contemporánea de orden social, económico, médico, administrativo, humanístico, científico y jurídico; incorporando aportaciones referentes al uso de tecnologías, análisis estadísticos, disertaciones psicopedagógicas, propuestas de análisis jurídicos, entre otras. En sus 11 capítulos, se orienta al lector en temas como la innovación empresarial, optimización de servicios públicos, acceso a la justicia y regulación de la misma, estrategias de administración –en ámbitos académicos y gubernamentales-, responsabilidad social empresarial, problemáticas de las finanzas públicas y un análisis del acceso a los servicios hídricos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Coedición con Editorial Fontamara, S.A. de C.V
UTILIZING DEEP LEARNING AND DATA AUGMENTATION FOR EARLY DETECTION OF EYE DISEASES IN PETS
Authors: ŞENGÖZ Nilgün
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a deep learning algorithm for the diagnosis of eye diseases, which is taken from cats and dogs, using data augmentation. The database of eye images was collected from cell phone cameras, and with data augmentation techniques were used to increase the number of samples. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated on the original dataset of 146 diseased and 255 healthy images. The results showed that the VGG16 algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 99.25% before data augmentation, which was significantly higher than the accuracy of existing methods. Furthermore, after the data augmentation again VGG16 model has significant performance metrics that are 99.9% than other algorithms. The proposed algorithm can be used to accurately diagnose various eye diseases, which can potentially improve the quality of care for patients.
Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease using Artificial Intelligence – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: G. Ramanathan , S. N. Jagadeesha
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Coronary heart disease and the risk of having a heart attack have both risen in recent years. Angioplasty, lifestyle changes, stent implantation, and medications are only some of the methods used to diagnose and treat various diseases. In this study, we will gather and analyze a variety of health indicators in order to identify heart-related illnesses via Machine Learning and Deep Learning prediction models. The best way to improve treatment and mortality prevention is to identify the relevant critical parameters and use Machine Learning or Deep Learning algorithms to achieve optimum accuracy.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Secondary sources were used for this investigation. These included periodicals, papers presented at conferences, online sources, and scholarly books and articles. In order to analyze and present the data gathered from academic journals, websites, and other sources, the SWOT analysis is being used.
Findings/Results: Predicting heart problems and their severity with a handful of crucial characteristics can save lives. Machine Learning algorithms such as Linear Regression, Deep Learning algorithms such as Neural Networks, and many others can all be applied to those medical parameters for this goal.
Originality/Value: This literature study utilizes secondary data collected from diverse sources. Understanding the many types of coronary artery disease and evaluating the most recent advances in predicting the same using Machine Learning approaches will be facilitated by the learned knowledge. This knowledge will aid in the development of a new model or the enhancement of an existing model for predicting coronary artery disease in an individual. Included are tables detailing the forms of coronary artery disease, a variety of recently published research publications on the topic, and standard datasets.
Paper Type: Literature Review
A Label-Free Marker Based Breast Cancer Detection using Hybrid Deep Learning Models and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Selvarani Renjith Vijayakumar , Jose Paul Subha Hency
Published: January 2023

Breast Cancer (BC) is a serious menace to women’s health around the world. Early BC identification has been critically important for diagnosing protocol. Several classification methods for breast cancer were examined recently with various techniques, and Raman spectroscopy (RS) has become an effective approach for the identification of responsible metabolites. Moreover, the rapid and accurate classification of BC using RS necessitates active engagement in processing and analyzing Raman spectral data. This work aims to develop an efficient Hybrid Deep Learning (HDL) neural network model to differentiate breast cancer blood plasma from control samples and the spectral features obtained are used as spectral cancer markers for the detection of breast cancer. To find the optimum performing HDL model, several other HDL models were implemented to perform the binary classification of the Raman spectral signal. A total of 62199 Raman spectra generated from 26 blood plasma samples are evaluated in this study. Mainly 6 HDL methods, 1D-CNN-GRU, CNN-BiLSTM-AT, 1D-CNN-LSTM, GRU-LSTM, RNN-LSTM, and OGRU-LSTM are modeled to evaluate the performance of hybrid models to identify 2 classes of Raman spectral data. Comparative classification results show that the stacked 1D-CNN-GRU model outperforms well for breast cancer detection using the Raman spectral dataset than other prominent HDL architectures. The stacked 1D-CNN-GRUclassifier model achieved the highest classification accuracy (98.90 %), Cohen-kappa score (0.941), F1-score (0.969), and the lowermost number of test loss as 0.102776 and MSE (0.0230) indicating that the model outperforms other HDL classifiers.
HIGHLIGHTS

The potential of Raman spectroscopy in combination with hybrid deep learning (HDL) models to diagnose and classify cancerous or noncancerous samples, specifically blood plasma samples, based on chemical composition
The implementation of data augmentation techniques to address underfitting and overfitting issues occur in the classification of spectral samples due to a lack of sufficient Raman spectral data
The development of an efficient Hybrid Deep Learning (HDL) neural network model to differentiate breast cancer blood plasma from control samples and the use of spectral features as spectral cancer markers for breast cancer detection
The evaluation of several HDL models for binary classification of Raman spectral signals, with the stacked 1D-CNN-GRU model achieving the highest classification accuracy and the lowest test losses
The potential for this technique is to accurately classify breast cancerous samples and reduce the number of unnecessary excisional breast biopsies

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
EXPERIMENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND INVASION
Authors: CEYLANİ Mehmet Uluç , GÜNAY YAVUZ Uğur
Published: January 2023

Art that exists in every period of the process has different contents such as materials, techniques, concepts, themes that are far from modern and traditional art practice. Experimental works are the main factors affecting these contents. Although experimental works are mentioned with scientific content, they demonstrate themselves in every field of art, separate from science. Photography also adapted to the experimental possibilities at the highest level possible under the conditions. It is hardly possible to limit experimental photography due to its limitless possibilities. The "Invasion" technique, which is added to the literature as one of these techniques and is briefly defined as "being included in something and changing or spoiling the properties of that thing", is the subject of this study. This technique comes to the fore in experimental works of photography, as in many other fields of art. It is aimed to reveal how invasive interventions create a visual language during the recording of the photograph on the surface. With this study, it is aimed to eliminate the lack of literature in the field of photographic invasion. Qualitative research method was used in the research, in addition to the data obtained from the literature review, chemical, numerical and biologically invasive studies were interpreted with the descriptive analysis method. In line with all these data, it has been concluded that the invasion technique, which is included in the field of art, can also be included in the experimental photography as a new literature, visual expression technique for photography.
Review on Fast Dissolving Oral Film
Authors: Prof. Shirish Nagansurkar  , Dr. Sanjay Bais  , Sandip Nandkumar Lohar
Published: January 2023

Oral drug carriers remain the most popular path for the delivery of drugs to date as it contains various advantages over any other delivery of therapeutics, despite a few disadvantages related to a particular category of sick people, along with elderly, neonatal, and dysphasic patients who struggle swallowing or chewing solid dosage forms because they are affiliated with many medical conditions. These sufferers also along with those who suffer from a range of infections. Many patients, both young and old, avoid taking solid drugs out of fear of choking. Even with fast dispersing pills, there is a risk of swallowing because of the tablet-like design. These patients also include those who are afflicted with many medical conditions.
Advanced Herbal Technology
Authors: Miss. Anuradha Pradip Ligade  , Prof. P. H. Gadhire  , Dr. S. K. Bais
Published: January 2023

The newest idea in herbal medication technology, known as the "herbosome," overcomes the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery methods. Since ancient times, doctors and patients around the world have used herbal medicines extensively due to their superior medicinal value. No negative effects or less side effects than contemporary medications. The herb's active components are bonded to phospholipids in the herbosome structures. A water-soluble head and two fat-soluble tails make up the phosphor lipid's molecular structure. The phosphor lipid works well as an emulsifier due to its dual solubility. The herb in some form provides drastically higher bioavailability for lipid soluble pharmaceuticals explained by faster and better absorption when the emulsifying properties of the phospholipids are combined with the standardised botanical extracts. digestion and intestinal absorption. Herbosome technology has been successfully used to increase the bioavailability of numerous well-known herbal extracts and phyto components, including ginseng, milk thistle, green tea, grape seed, and ginkgo biloba. It can also be produced for a variety of therapeutic uses or nutritional supplements. This approach has been deemed promising for efficient and appropriate systematic drug administration since it can increase the rate and amount of drug absorption through the lipoid bio-membrane.
Maternal and fetal benefits of fetal reduction in triplet pregnancies
Authors: Pu Heyang , Zhang Weishe , Hu Caihong , Huang Jingrui , Li Qi
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Triplet pregnancy is a type of high-risk pregnancy that often results in premature delivery. Although fetal reduction is recommended, a number of factors can lead to triplet pregnancies without reduction. As there is no consensus on reduction, it is necessary to carry out a specific evaluation of the benefits of reduction in triplet pregnancy. This study was performed to evaluate and discuss the prognosis of triplet pregnancy with or without fetal reduction.

Material and methods

Clinical data from 24 women with triplet pregnancies were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Twelve women underwent fetal reduction (fetal reduction group) and 12 women continued triplet pregnancy (non-fetal reduction group). In the fetal reduction group, four dichorionic triamniotic triplets were reduced to dichorionic diamniotic twins (with a reduction of one of the monochorionic diamniotic fetuses); six trichorionic triamniotic triplets were reduced to dichorionic diamniotic twins (with a reduction of one monochorionic monoamniotic fetus).

Results

There were significant differences in the incidence of premature rupture of membranes and neonatal hypoglycemia between the reduction and non-reduction groups. The average birth weight was significantly different between the reduction group and non-reduction group. The Apgar score was significantly different between the monochorionic monoamniotic reduction group and monochorionic diamniotic reduction group.

Conclusions

Triplet pregnancy should be closely monitored throughout pregnancy and the perinatal period, regardless of fetal reduction. The chorionicity should be considered with fetal reduction. Compared with the mother, the remaining fetuses may benefit more from fetal reduction, especially in terms of neonatal weight.
Analisis kelayakan usaha keripik puyur singkong di Desa Batee Kecamatan Grong-Grong Kabupaten Pidie
Authors: Azlina Azlina , Elfiana Elfiana
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Batee Kecamatan Grong-Grong Kabupaten Pidie yaitu pada agroindustri keripik puyur Bapak Mustafa, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha keripik puyur singkong di Desa Batee Kecamatan Grong-Grong Kabupaten Pidie. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan rumus analisis biaya, penerimaan, keuntungan, Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) dan Break Event Point (BEP). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa agroindustri keripik puyur di Desa Batee Kecamatan Grong-Grong Kabupaten Pidie menguntungkan, dengan total keuntungan adalah sebesar Rp. 3.074.944,-/bulan. Dari perhitungan nilai BEP, nilai R/C dan nilai B/C dapat disimpulkan bahwa agroindustri keripik puyur di Desa Batee Kecamatan Grong-Grong Kabupaten Pidie layak untuk diusahakan.

Kata kunci : Analisis Kelayakan, Usaha Keripik Puyur Singkong
Analisis usaha jamur merang LM3 Agrinadi Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Hayaton Hayaton , Satriawan Halus
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Keuntungan dan Kelayakan Usaha Jamur Merang LM3 Agrina  di Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen pada usaha jamur merang LM3 AGRINA di Desa Tanjong Paya. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling), yang didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa usaha jamur merang LM3 AGRINA di Desa Tanjong Paya merupakan salah satu usaha yang memproduksi jamur merang yang ada di wilayah Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh total keuntungan yang diperoleh pada usaha produksi jamur merang pada UD. Agrina di Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen selama satu tahun (tiga kali produksi) yaitu sebesar Rp. 22.953.571,-/tahun. Nilai B/C ratio sebesar 1,21 artinya B/C ratio lebih besar dari pada satu (B/C > 0). Nilai R/C ratio sebesar 2.21 artinya R/C ratio lebih besar dari pada nol (R/C > 1). Besar nilai BEP  produksi yang diperoleh adalah sebesar  Rp. 278 Kg, sedangkan produksi yang diterima petani yaitu sebesar 1.200 kg dan BEP rupiah yang diperoleh adalah   Rp. 7.755.533/tahun, sedangkan penerimaan yang diterima petani adalah   Rp. 42.000.000/tahun. Berarti BEP lebih kecil dari pada jumlah yang diterima petani, maka usaha tersebut menguntungkan dan layak untuk dilanjutkan.

Kata Kunci: Analisis Usaha, Jamur Merang LM3 Agrina
Analisis Profitabilitas Usaha Mie Basah “Apa Dun” Di Keude Matang Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Muthmainnah Khairul
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Keude Matang Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen pada usaha mie basah “Apa Dun” pada bulan Agustus 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat profitabilitas usaha mie basah “Apa Dun” di Desa Keude Matang Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan rumus analisis biaya, penerimaan, keuntungan (profit), dan profitabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa total biaya yang dikeluarkan “Apa Dun” untuk menjalankan usahanya adalah sebesar Rp. 105.383.472,-/bulan, dengan penerimaan sebesar Rp. 161.280.000,-/bulan, maka diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp. 55.896.528,-/perbulan. Dari hasil analisis profitabilitas diperoleh nilai 53,04%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha pengolahan mie basah “Apa Dun” di Desa Keude Matang Kecamatan Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen mempunyai nilai profitabilitas pada kategori cukup.

Kata Kunci: Profitabilitas, Usaha Mie Basah.
Analisis Komparatif Usaha Kerupuk Tempe Dan Kerupuk Jangek Di Desa Cot Gapu Kecamatan Kota Juang Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Surya Rahmi Surya Rahmi
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Cot Gapu Kecamatan Kota Juang Kabupaten Bireuen, pada bulan November 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan pendapatan usaha kerupuk tempe dan kerupuk jangek di Desa Cot Gapu Kecamatan Kota Juang Kabupaten Bireuen. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan rumus analisis biaya, pendapatan kotor (penerimaan) dan pendapatan bersih (keuntungan). Dari hasil dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan, diketahui bahwa pendapatan bersih (keuntungan) yang diperoleh usaha kerupuk jangek lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata pendapatan bersih yang diperoleh dari usaha kerupuk tempe. Rata-rata pendapatan bersih yang diperoleh usaha kerupuk jangek sebesar Rp. 11.550.861,-/bulan, sedangkan rata-rata pendapatan bersih usaha kerupuk tempe sebesar  Rp. 6.439.722,-/bulan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pendapatan antara usaha kerupuk tempe dengan usaha kerupuk jangek di Desa Cot Gapu Kecamatan Kota Juang Kabupaten Bireuen.

Kata Kunci: Analisis Komparatif, Usaha Kerupuk Tempe dan Kerupuk Jangek.
The War’s Consequences for Protestant Communities
Authors: Carté Katherine
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces the consequences of the war's violence on the shared projects that had joined protestants on the two sides of the Atlantic. The networks that had structured transatlantic religious communities before the war fell into disuse and disrepair, as Americans ceased to be “dissenters” or “Anglicans.” The war also destroyed much of the physical infrastructure of transatlantic religion from the colonial period. British religious leaders, angered at their former counterparts, turned their attention to the remaining empire and to migrating the consequences of the American rebellion for those whom they still considered in the fold.
At Work
Authors: Webster Crystal Lynn
Published: January 2023

Chapter 3 examines the transitional period between enslavement and full emancipation, an era that was mediated through the lives of Black children who remained continually enslaved or indentured. By examining the indenture process in the records of abolitionist organizations, reform institutions, and indenture employers, it exposes white northerners’ continued reliance upon Black children’s labor, which often took exploitative forms. It also critically examines Quakers’ activism by uncovering their private records and discourse on Black childhood—and, in particular, Black girlhood—in which children were regularly sexualized and commodified. This chapter traces Black children’s resistance to the exploitation of their labor by fleeing indenture.
Enemies or Insurgents
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

While legal theorists, journalists, and lawmakers in the loyal North debated the status of paroled rebels, the effects of disbanding Confederate armies continued to shape the lives of those on the home front both Black and white. Paroling likewise continued, throughout Virginia and well-beyond its borders.
Introduction
Authors: Blair William A.
Published: January 2023

Created by the Freedmen’s Bureau, the Records Relating to Murders and Outrages was central to one of the most important conflicts of the Reconstruction Era—a battle over trustworthy information. Racial violence became politicized, with Democrats accusing Radical Republicans of fabricating stories of violence against freedpeople to excuse forcing Black manhood suffrage on the former Confederacy. The introduction consequently sets the stage for the battles over the credibility of information concerning racial atrocities, with military officers at the center of finding the truth. The monthly reports by Bureau officers left a record that politicians used to shape Reconstruction of the county and that exposed the terrorism that arose in the form of the Ku Klux Klan for election intimidation.
Cattle
Authors: Nabhan-Warren Kristy
Published: January 2023

This chapters focuses on the beef processing plant Iowa Premium Beef (IPB) in Tama, Iowa, and the incorporation of religious language into the company’s mission and goals. The CEO and white-collar leaders of the plant use the language of stewardship, values, and family when talking about the work that they do and the work that their employees do. IPB, like many meatpacking plants across the Midwest, have a large African, Burmese, and Latina/o workforce and workers’ religious faith helps them cope with the difficult and dangerous jobs that they do.
Fulfilling Dreams
Authors: Nabhan-Warren Kristy
Published: January 2023

The focus of this chapter are Latinos and Latinas who are working to revitalize their current hometowns of Columbus Junction and Marshalltown, Iowa. Former meatpacking plant workers turned downtown entrepreneurs and small business owners are featured, along with a daughter of meatpacking plant workers who plans to become an immigration lawyer. These individuals are committed to improving their towns and to working with Latinas/os to help them thrive.
The Insider’s Outsider
Authors: Berry Stephen
Published: January 2023

Edgar Allan Poe is the ultimate insider’s outsider, writes Stephen Berry. He lived at once inside and outside the South, capitalism, the literary establishment, his own marriage, his own life, his own mind. He was at once a southern writer and a writer who brushed past the South. He wrote what is arguably the most famous poem in American history—a poem that would go on to name a major-league football team—a poem for which he and his heirs were paid exactly nine dollars. Dying in penury, his obituary remains the most infamous in American letters: “EDGAR ALLAN POE [has] died in Baltimore. … Many will be startled, but few will be grieved by the news.” Even so, Poe got everything he wanted; he's immortal. As well as any writer ever, Poe captures the rage we feel at our very smallness before Death, at the performing-monkey way we go about our mortal work. Poe is the patron saint of every ‘jingle man,’ every hypocrite, every man not quite good enough for the glitterati, every dying soul who ever threw an infantile tantrum at the stupidity of a life both too miserable and too short.
The Intellectual Life of a Fantasy
Authors: Williams Timothy J.
Published: January 2023

Timothy J. Williams explores how white southerners’ long-held dreams of belonging to a global enslaving empire retained an emotional power in the intellectual culture following the loss of the Civil War. If the antebellum and war-time ambitions for world dominance disappeared among southern enslavers, deeply personal desires for racial hegemony and cultural dominance did not. While historians have focused on how some former Confederates fled the United States for Brazil and Mexico, most never left. They found escape and satisfaction in fantasies of their own making. Williams explores the power of emotional life and imagination through Edwin Wiley Fuller’s novel Sea-Gift (1873). At once autobiography, Lost Cause mythology, and southern romance, Fuller’s novel articulates the complex racial and gendered ambitions for nationhood in intimate and emotional ways that spoke to the longings of vanquished white southerners.
The Birth and Death of Souls
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: January 2023

Chapter four attends to the role of enslaved women in the ritual life of their communities by examining protocols and observances around childbirth. Through a cross-cultural comparison of enslaved women’s practices and those among women in the upper Guinea coast, the chapter discusses how women remembered and re-membered ritual practices around birth in the move from West Africa to the Americas. In doing so, the chapter considers the birthing space as women’s sacred space, the midwife as an authoritative religious figure, and the role of women in the socioreligious initiation of children into the enslaved community.
When Souls Gather
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: January 2023

Chapter six addresses enslaved women’s contributions to institutional religiosity, namely American Christianity, and offers an expanded framework for understanding women’s attraction to the forms of Protestantism that would dominate the African American religious landscape in the post-Civil War era. Responding to the “preacher, music, and frenzy” typology outlined in W.E.B. DuBois’s The Souls of Black Folk and the resultant historiographical relegation of bondspeople’s religious practices to non-diasporic, androcentric methodological frameworks, the chapter contends that power, sound, sociality, and movement better categorize the central features of the enslaved’s institutional religious performances. Religious forms like shouting were re/membered, performed, and transmitted by enslaved women primarily and reminiscent of West African cosmological orientations. These performances were integral to the development of institutional, southern Black Christianity as witnessed in DuBois’s iconic encounter. By proposing an expansion of DuBois’s critical categories, the chapter argues for a more gender-inclusive and diasporic understanding of African American religious origins.
Stanford and Activism
Authors: Givens Terryl L.
Published: January 2023

England joined ROTC, was commissioned, and went to meteorology school at MIT. He won a Danforth fellowship to Stanford and became an outspoken critic of the Vietnam War and racism, which put him at odds with mainstream Mormon culture (the church being patriotic and having a ban against Black clergy). Teaching LDS institute (college classes for Mormons) exacerbated those conflicts and made him controversial with members and leaders both.
Liberty in the Colonial South
Authors: Milteer Warren Eugene
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the origins of free people of color and their experiences in colonial America. It shows how manumission, free birth, and immigration played a role in the expanding numbers of free people of African, Native American, and South Asian descent in the English/British, Spanish, and French colonies. The chapter also explores how ideas about gender and wealth differences shaped the lives of free people of color and the laws that affected them.
Conclusion
Authors: Milteer Warren Eugene
Published: January 2023

The conclusion discusses the post-Civil War experiences of free people of color. It reiterates the importance of the diversity of free people of color and how that diversity shaped their post-war lives. This section also describes how the lives of free people of color and the political debates that encircled them can provide modern people with insights into the development of current social and political issues.
The Real Miss America
Authors: Roth Tanya L.
Published: January 2023

This chapter analyzes early postwar efforts to recruit American women into the military. To make military service attractive to women, military leaders developed an image of the ideal servicewoman, based on white, middle-class ideals of heterosexual femininity. This chapter explains how military leaders sought to link glamour and femininity with the idea of women’s military service. Examples from recruiting materials and other sources illustrate how military leaders imagined women’s service and the methods used to try to recruit women and their families. Yet military regulations regarding who was eligible to serve made it more challenging for some women to join the military, including women of color.
Catalysts for Womanpower
Authors: Roth Tanya L.
Published: January 2023

In addition to military leaders and members of Congress, another group worked to shape womanpower. The Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS) is the subject of this chapter. The civilian women who made up DACOWITS were often highly educated and standouts in their professional fields and society. They became experts on womanpower, learning firsthand from servicewomen what their experiences were and what it was like to have a job in the military. DACOWITS members evaluated policies, determined what servicewomen needed through conversations with servicewomen, military leaders, and civilian government leaders. Then, DACOWITS members recommended changes to help the military realize its vision of equality and effective utilization of womanpower. Their ideas were not always taken seriously, but they became some of the first external advocates for what servicewomen said they wanted or needed.
Second-Class Soldiers
Authors: Roth Tanya L.
Published: January 2023

This chapter demonstrates how the changes from the Equal Rights Amendment affected servicewomen as the definition of women’s equality in the military shifted. It begins with the process of changing regulations to admit women to the service academies beginning in 1976. Women had not yet been admitted to the service academies because they were institutions that trained students for combat leadership, something that women had been excluded from. Military leaders began to confront the question of defining combat more clearly. This chapter illustrates reactions to the integration of the service academies and other changes, including the first efforts to allow women to serve on naval ships. As women moved into new military opportunities, they encountered resistance from servicemen and from civilians with military connections.
When Motion Turns Foods into Comidas
Authors: Fuster Melissa
Published: January 2023

This introductory chapter presents the book’s motivation and theoretical underpinnings. It opens with the author’s personal trajectory as a Puerto Rican moving to the United States as an adult, and the resulting dietary changes. This personal story grounds the book’s argument, highlighting the need for examining the structural factors (i.e., race, class, and gender) that shape our food practices and the outcomes of such actions, through facilitating or hindering access to care, food, and overall living conditions. The chapter also introduction also includes the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the book, reviewing scholarship addressing cuisine, diets, and Hispanic Caribbean communities in New York City.
Caribeños Talk about Comidas in Nutri-Speak
Authors: Fuster Melissa
Published: January 2023

The chapter uses field interviews with Dominicans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans in New York City to examine the global and structural factors that influence community formation is reflected in discourse concerning traditional diets. The interviews demonstrate internalized notions of traditional diets (“comidas”) being largely unhealthy, described using nutrient-dense language (“nutri-speak”). The notions of traditional diets as unhealthy are linked to the associations of the cuisine as born out of poverty and a history of slavery and motivate a detachment from the cuisine expressed by some caribeños (particularly Cubans). Hence, contrary to the emphasis on culture often placed by nutrition experts, the interviews demonstrate that the maintenance of traditional food practices is influenced by migration histories and the relationship individuals hold with their heritage country.
Introduction
Authors: King Amy K.
Published: January 2023

The introduction explains frameworks to compare and contextualize circum-Caribbean plantation performances of violence in a variety of media and genres from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. To do this, the introduction outlines an intersectional feminist approach to representations of race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, skin tone, ability, and nationality in scenes of violence between women. This framework guides the reader to understand how texts reflect and respond to cultural assumptions and stereotypes about exceptional violence that obscure grotesque structures of power. The introduction, then, outlines the book’s main concern: how women in certain texts in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries attempt to gain positions of power through violence that echoes back to plantation slavery. The introduction also illustrates some of the narrative histories of violence between white and Black women in analyses of a nineteenth-century engraving that appears in Henry Bibb’s Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave (1849) and a painting from Kara Walker’s series Negress Notes (1995). In doing so, the introduction claims that depictions of intimacy (and/or physical and social separation) in scenes of violence reveal much about performances of identity and power.
Un-Silencing Sexual Violence
Authors: King Amy K.
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, texts illustrate how white women attain and act out power via sexual violence against Black women. As this chapter argues, instances of sexual violence between women reveal racialized class, gender, and sexual norms that circulate in the plantation imaginary. A miniseries adaptation of Alex Haley’s Roots (2016), Valerie Martin’s novel Property (2003), and Ann Allen Shockley’s short story “The Mistress and the Slave Girl” in The Black and White of It (1987) demonstrate how thoroughly corruptible positions of power are when they come from the racialized sexual economies of slavery. Then, Shockley’s story “Women in a Southern Time” (1987) reveals how the enduring legacies of slavery likewise affect women’s same-sex desires in a post-emancipation, twentieth-century setting. To contextualize such representations, the chapter traces a genealogy of how texts depict sexual abuse between women, ranging from suggestions of that violence to descriptions of violent acts. The silences of these texts speak loudly here, for reading between the lines—decoding what is said and inferring what is not—urges the reader to address difficult questions about desire, gender, intimacy, and violence.
Diversification and Discontentment
Authors: Morgan Francesca
Published: January 2023

This chapter, on the racial, ethnic, religious, and class diversification among genealogists that followed Roots (1976-1977), also stresses continuities in that history. While African Americans, American Jews, Indigenous people, Latinx populations, and ethnic minorities such as Irish Americans developed societies, instruction books, and periodicals on their respective specialties, and while libraries and archives adapted to newly diverse and larger numbers of patrons, descendants and genealogists who worked on more documented, Anglo white populations—such as colonial New Englanders, Founding Fathers, and English aristocrats—persisted in their interests. Features of genealogy practices themselves, such as the use of censuses and land records, reinscribed racial and class privileges, as did others’ cultural appropriation of Roots’s original meanings. Alex Haley’s own efforts to expand the accessibility of his own story aided this process of appropriation.
Genealogy for Hire and for Profit
Authors: Morgan Francesca
Published: January 2023

This chapter delivers a long history of genealogy businesses, tracing from the small, usually one-person businesses of the nineteenth century to the large corporations, notably Ancestry (later Ancestry.com LLC), that emerged in the late twentieth century. Genealogy entrepreneurs, past and present, trafficked in the emotions of descendants and clients, and in versions of the past that served the present. But genealogy professionals and their institutions developed as a backlash against heightened commercialism. Professionals’ anticommercial critiques stressed historical accuracy as a goal in itself, even at the cost of dissatisfying or even upsetting clients and descendants. The chapter goes on to describe the gender conservatism—the presumption that only heterosexual, monogamous married couples with children could label themselves families—embedded in products and services offered by genealogy businesses, amidst the conservative surge in US politics. The chapter also discusses proliferating genealogy-focused entertainments, such as on television where Roots had been the first major example, and diasporic tourism overseas.
The UNC Presidency
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

Graham’s career as a university leader in a time of great challenges in American higher education. When he was elected UNC president in June 1930, the country was in the midst of the Great Depression. The chapter explores how Graham developed a distinctive leadership style in university policies—and how his involvement in outside causes occurred in this context.
The Limits of Gradualism
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

A central preoccupation of all southern university administrators during and after the 1930s was the exclusion of Black students from the newly consolidate UNC campuses in Greensboro, Chapel Hill, and Raleigh. Although Graham was committed to racial justice, he was constrained by legal and constitutional requirements to defend segregation. In response, Graham’s approach emphasized gradual rather than sudden change. Gradualism, which meant deferring integration, became Graham’s way to reconcile goals of justice with the reality of segregation and exclusion.
A Tocsin of Democratic Decency
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

After J. Melville Broughton died while in office as a US Senator, North Carolina governor Kerr Scott appointed Graham to the seat. Graham enjoyed his tenure in the Senate and became a leading internationalist abroad and supporter of the New Deal and Harry Truman’s Fair Deal. But he also faced increasing opposition at home. During the special election of 1950, Graham was challenge by attorney Willis Smith. The campaign was bruising and features racial appeals against Graham. With his defeat in June 1950, the fault lines of political conflict were defined for the next generation.
Coda
Authors: Cushman Stephen
Published: January 2023

Without Mark Twain, the Civil War memory market would not have developed as it did, and without the Civil War there never would have been a Mark Twain. Although his short piece “The Private History of a Campaign That Failed” has received more attention, Twain’s longest meditations on Civil War memory and Civil War imagination appeared in Life on the Mississippi (1883). In that book the changeableness of the Mississippi River becomes a metaphor for the changeableness of Civil War memory, which combines with imagination in Civil War memoir writing. What Twain understood about the market for Civil War memoirs is that first-person narratives by leading actors satisfy readers’ appetites for both generalization and specificity. Such narratives began the twentieth-century memoir boom that continues today. We now take it for granted that leading actors in political and cultural events will write first-person memoirs, but in the United States they have not always done so. The ascendancy of the memoir genre, now so dominant, began in the late nineteenth-century with Civil War generals’ first-person accounts.
Interspecies Experience of Illness. Anthropological Approach to Several Texts by Janina Degutytė
Authors: Šmitienė Giedrė
Published: January 2023

Usually, when associating humans and animals, they are discussed in general, i. e. presupposing the optimal status of both. Authentic texts by the Lithuanian poet Janina Degutytė (1928–1990) enter the intense interspecies discourse in a very particular way – by juxtaposing experiences of the animal, illness, age, pain, and the anticipation of death. Using the notion of becoming with the animal, introduced by Donna Haraway, the author of the article describes the identity of the ailing person, changing while the latter is with the cat. It could be said that the cat takes her out of the state of cowering inside and shutting herself in her illness. While being with the cat, the subject of the texts gradually accepts herself as an ill person, along with the lifeworld as it is.

In the Western philosophy, pain and death are primarily perceived as a proof of the insurmountable solitude and individuality of a human being; allegedly, pain and death are not intersubjective. The cat described by Degutytė shares the human pain until death, allowing for reconsideration of the individual character of pain and death experience. Not unlike to the phenomenologist Alphonso Lingis, Degutytė reveals the human necessity to die in the company of another. In Degutytė’s case, this possibility is provided by the cat.
Samogitian Cultural Heritage in Numbers: Ignas Končius’ Statistics of Crosses and Chapels in 1911–1940
Authors: Savoniakaitė Vida
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes how studies of the Samogitian crosses and chapels, conducted in 1911–1940 by the physicist and ethnographer Ignas Končius (1886–1975) correlate with the global problematics of statistics and ethnography. Throughout the 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century, the Lithuanian research on folklore and ethnography followed the canonic trends of statistics in the Russian Empire. While working for the Imperial Russian Geographic Society, the Latvian linguist and ethnographer Eduard Volter (1856–1941) developed his ethnographic-statistical studies aimed at defining the “tribal” constitution of the inhabitants, along with the research of their material culture. The Lithuanian scholar Končius assisted Volter in his fieldwork, absorbing his ideas and making statistical accounts of the Samogitian crosses and chapels in 1911–1940. He presented his discoveries and defined his concept of statistics in seven small books titled “Statistics of Crosses and Chapels under the Samogitian Sky”. The author of the article elucidates the connections between the statistical investigation of the Samogitian cultural heritage by Končius and the scholarly cannons of the Russian Empire, as well as the global ethnographic theory.By using the comparative historical analytical approach, she addresses the following issues: (1) characteristics of the Končius’ statistical investigation of 1912, (2) statistical accounts of the years 1932–1940, and (3) his academic connections. The author concludes that the works of Končius have many similarities with German statistics, Johann Gottfried Herder’s anthropology, and in their own way they reveal the history of Samogitia cultural heritage.