bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Critical Care Nurses' Compliance with the External Ventricular Drain Care Bundle for Critically ill Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors:   MSC Critical Care Nursing, University of Nairobi, Nanyanga Leah Nambiro
Published: March 2024

ntroduction: The External Ventricular Drain (EVD) care bundle involves insertion, maintenance, troubleshooting, and monitoring for issues related to EVD, which is primarily the responsibility of nurses. Despite significant efforts to address external ventricular drain-related infections (ERIs) in CCUs and other critical care units, current studies suggest a high prevalence rate of external ventricular-related infections, particularly in LMICs and low-resource settings. Material and Method: A mixed-method study was conducted at KNH Critical Care Units with a sample of 81 nurses. Data analysis of Quantitative continuous data was summarized using medians and interquartile ranges, and Categorical data was summarized using frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data was analyzed using manual thematic analysis. Results: Most respondents were between 30 and 40 years old, 43.2%, females were 75.3%, higher diplomas were 54.3%, and 4.9% specialized in EVD care. 48.1% had good knowledge of the EVD care bundle, 46.9% had fair knowledge, and 5% had poor knowledge. Binary logistic regression and chisquare tests showed no factors associated with knowledge of the EVD care bundle (P>0.05 chi-square). A basic diploma and no specialization in EVD care were associated with higher odds of a poor or fair knowledge of the EVD care bundle. Conclusion: Most nurses exhibited fair practice of EVD care bundle but Lacked continuous medical education on EVD care, poor supervision and feedback on EVD care practice, and guidelines on EVD care not being easily accessible and understandable emerged as substantial perceived barriers to EVD care bundle utilization.
Zavedanje potrošnikov o varnosti in zasebnosti pri spletnem nakupovanju
Authors: Borec Eva , Marolt Marjeta
Published: March 2024

Spletno nakupovanje je za kupce, ki se ne marajo sprehajati po natrpanih trgovinah, ali stati v dolgih vrstah, alternativa nakupovalnim centrom. V zadnjih letih je ta oblika nakupovanja postala še bolj priročna zaradi mobilnih aplikacij. Z rastjo deleža spletnih nakupov narašča tudi delež spletnih prevar, zato se morajo spletni kupci zavedati tveganj, povezanih s spletnimi nakupi. Varovanje podatkov kreditnih kartic ni edina skrb glede zasebnosti, saj je potrebno poskrbeti tudi za druge osebne podatke. Kljub temu, da obstajajo splošne usmeritve, kako zaščititi in ohraniti zasebnost in varnost pri spletnem nakupovanju, je še vedno malo znanega o tem, v kakšni meri se jih kupci zavedajo in o obstoju razlik med starostnimi skupinami in spoloma. Da bi raziskali trenutno stanje, smo spomladi 2023 izvedli raziskavo med slovenskimi potrošniki. V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate naše raziskave.
Exploring Stakeholder ESG Interests for Listed Companies in the EU Healthcare Sector
Authors: Gaal Adrian
Published: March 2024

This study empirically examines the complex correlation between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and financial dynamics in the European Healthcare industry. Utilizing comprehensive datasets from Refinitiv and EMIS, the study includes 209 publicly traded firms, carefully classified based on the NUTS for easier comparison of ESG ratings across different regions. The research aims to achieve three objectives: firstly, to demonstrate the distribution of ESG metrics using heat-map analysis; secondly, to evaluate the concentration of ESG scores within the healthcare sector; and thirdly, to determine stakeholders' interests by analyzing sector-specific ESG characteristics. The study intends to offer significant insights into the impact of ESG practices on financial performance, with a specific focus on the healthcare sector's unique features. This investigation adds to the expanding pool of knowledge on the subject and thoroughly examines the ESG situation of healthcare companies in Europe. This study provides a contemporary and comprehensive analysis of the interactions between ESG factors and financial performance as firms strive to incorporate sustainable practices.
Lessons Learned by Italian Nurse Executives During Pandemic Time: Findings from a Qualitative
Authors: Bianchini Elisa , Palese Alvisa , Chiappinotto Stefania
Published: March 2024

The experience of the Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic was an unexpected condition for all healthcare professionals, characterized by unprecedented events, which needed of timely responses and complex decisions, not only in the clinical setting, but also in the organizational one. While there are many studies focused on clinical professionals, those including top managers remain occasional and, in any case, more focused on the frontline setting management. Our study has highlighted those important decisions taken by Executive Nurses regarding the allocation of resources, the quality of care, and the context of care, bringing out the fluctuating emotional implications. The lessons learnt by them may address the future pandemic responses.
Implementation of Industry 4.0: Examples from the Serbian Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Rajković Teodora
Published: March 2024

Industry 4.0 presents a revolution in the manufacturing sector by integrating advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, augmented reality and others. This integration sets the foundation for autonomous, effective and highly efficient manufacturing processes, increasing the levels of digitization and automation. The purpose of this paper is to present examples of the implementation of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the key aspects of digital transformation through Industry 4.0 and present concrete examples of its implementation in manufacturing companies in the Republic of Serbia. The intention of this paper is to indicate the importance of the implementation of Industry 4.0, identify key challenges in the development of Industry 4.0 and define recommendations for improving production management in manufacturing companies, based on examples of Industry 4.0 application from the practice. Industry 4.0 creates an intelligent production environment with greater efficiency, effectiveness and adaptability.
Uvajanje trajnostnih metod hlajenja in mazanja pri tehnoloških procesih odrezavanja
Authors: Žun Štefan
Published: March 2024

Proizvodni sektor odrezavanja kovin močno vpliva na svetovno gospodarstvo in s tem tudi na svetovne naravne vire in ekosisteme. Naraščajoče povpraševanje po blagu in storitvah je povzročilo paradigmo linearne proizvodnje in potrošnje, ki je ni mogoče vzdrževati na dolgi rok. Potreba po prehodu v trajnostno proizvodnjo vključuje tudi zagotavljanje varnosti in zdravja pri delu, upoštevanje zakonodaje, zagotavljanje primernih delovnih okolij za zaposlene ter ustrezno ravnanje z odpadki (prekomerna uporaba hladilno mazalnih sredstev v procesu odrezavanja kovin). Konvencionalna raba hladilno mazalnih sredstev (HMS) v procesih odrezavanja je netrajnostna z vidika vpliva na okolje in zdravje zaposlenih. Za ovrednotenje učinkovitosti različnih načinov hlajenja in mazanja v procesu odrezavanja vrednotimo pet kazalcev trajnostne proizvodnje: poraba energije, varnost in zdravje zaposlenih, ravnanje z odpadki, stroški obdelave in vpliv na okolje. Za določitev ogljičnega odtisa (ali ekoloških sledi) izdelkov je bistvena poraba energije in snovi, učinkovitost strojne obdelave (življenjska doba orodja), ter ocena življenjskega cikla snovnih tokov. Analiziramo tudi organizacijske pristope in morebitne ovire pri uvajanju trajnostne proizvodnje (trajnostne strategije hlajenja in mazanja).
Blindness, Acoustic Environing and Sensing Technologies (ca. 1950-1980)
Authors: Stock Robert
Published: March 2024

This article approaches the intersecting histories of blindness (Koestler 1967) and ultrasound by questioning the specific environments and filtering processes enacted through electronic travel aids. I propose to question ultrasound technologies as epistemic filtering techniques and environmental production frameworks situated at the crossroads of different and diverging interests of military, social, scientific and economic and cultural endeavours. Non-innocent devices such as the travel aids and related practices aim to filter physical-spatial relations, thereby transducing acoustic-spatial or visual scenarios in order to render relevant structures and objects recognizable. In the second half of the 20th century, the production of such filter-based ultrasound environments was disseminated into heterogeneous fields such as medicine, automobility, robotics as well as assistive technologies for disabled people. The article traces trajectories of ultrasound knowledges that culminated in ETA in physics (sonar), biology (bat sensing) and experimental psychology (blind(folded) echolocation). The article elaborates on and extends works in the media history of technology and critical disability studies. Scrutinizing techniques of hearing (Schillmeier, Stock and Ochsner, 2022) and the construction of acoustic environments in the context of blindness, institutional ableism and assistive technologies allows us to complement the genealogy of listening devices and hearing aids. By analyzing selected electronic travel aids as a specific hearing aid, the article sheds light on the aspects of sensory environing, disability technoscience (Hamraie and Fritsch, 2019) and the question of assistive technology design. Ultrasound devices developed from 1945–1980 never accomplished the aim of substituting orientation and mobility based on the long cane, service dogs or echolocation techniques. Hence, a historical framing of the efforts to build electronic travel aids enables a critique of the technological fixing of a bodily variation and non-visual sensory practices. I argue that blindness should be acknowledged as a mode of existence which through its rich lived experiences significantly contributes to the multi-faceted panorama of contemporary societies rather than understood as a mere sensory deficit that needs to be treated via technological means.
TEACHING JAPANESE TEA CEREMONY TO CHINESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: DEVELOPING ENGLISH LEARNING MATERIALS
Authors:   Center for General Education, Tokyo Keizai University, 1-7-34 Kokubunji-shi, 185-8502, Tokyo, Japan, Carreira Junko Matsuzaki , Shioda Naoko ,   Child Psychology, Tokyo Future University, 34-12, Senju Akebono-cho, Adachi-ku, 120-0023, Tokyo, Japan
Published: March 2024

This study is a preliminary study for creating teaching materials for the development of global human resources who can communicate their own (Japanese) culture, such as the tea ceremony, to the world in English. This study aims to clarify what foreigners are interested in, what they find important, and what they would like to know more about the tea ceremony to create teaching materials reflecting foreigners’ interests and concerns. The results indicated that the participating students enjoyed hands-on activities, such as actually preparing and drinking tea and learning how to eat wagashi (traditional Japanese sweets), even in an online environment. Furthermore, some students demonstrated interest not only in hands-on experiences but also in the history of the tea ceremony, distinctions between Japanese and Chinese tea cultures, and various aspects of the tea ceremony, including tea, tea utensils, traditional clothing (kimono), and the differences among tea ceremony schools. Based on these findings, it is recommended to create educational materials for Japanese university students learning the tea ceremony in English that cover not only the fundamental etiquette of the tea ceremony, but also provide comprehensive knowledge about the broader aspects of the tea ceremony.
Monthly Analysis of Infant Mortality Rate in Portugal during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Continuous Monitoring
Authors: Nogueira Paulo Jorge , Camarinha Catarina , Feteira-Santos Rodrigo , Silva Costa Andreia , De-Araújo-Nobre Miguel , Bacelar-Nicolau Leonor , Furtado Cristina , Elias Cecília
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global public health. Infant mortality rate (IMR), a vital statistic and key indicator of a population’s overall health, is essential for developing effective health prevention programs. Existing evidence primarily indicates a decrease in IMR during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a national-level analysis to calculate IMR and describe its course over the years (from 2016 until 2022), using a month-by-month analysis.Methods: Data on the number of deaths under one year of age was collected from the Portuguese E-Death Certification System (SICO), and data on the number of monthly live births was obtained from Statistics Portugal. The IMR was calculated per month, considering the previous 12 months’ cumulative number of deaths under one year of age and the number of live births.Results: In Portugal, the IMR decreased before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lowest values were observed in September and October 2021 (2.15 and 2.14 per 1000 live births, respectively). The IMR remained below the threshold of three deaths per 1000 live births during the pandemic’s critical period.Conclusion: Portugal has achieved remarkable progress in reducing its IMR over the last 60 years. The country recorded its lowest-ever IMR values during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are needed to fully understand the observed trends.
Edirne İlinde Buğday ve Arpa Bitkilerinde Görülen Yaprak Hastalıkları
Authors: Seidi Melis , Çelik Oğuz Arzu , Karakaya Aziz
Published: March 2024

Edirne il ve ilçelerindeki arpa ve buğday ekiliş alanlarındaki yaprak hastalıklarını tespit etmek amacıyla 1-5 Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında sürvey yapılmıştır. İncelenen buğday tarlalarında Septoria tritici, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ve Pyrenophora tritici-repentis tarafından meydana getirilen hastalıklar görülmüştür. Edirne ilindeki buğday tarlalarında en yaygın hastalık Septoria yaprak lekesi hastalığı olarak bulunmuş olup bu hastalığı kahverengi pas, sarı pas, külleme ve sarı yaprak lekesi hastalıkları takip etmiştir. İncelenen arpa tarlalarında Pyrenophora teres f. teres, Rhynchosporium commune, Puccinia hordei, Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei ve Cochliobolus sativus tarafından meydana getirilen hastalıklar görülmüştür. Edirne ilinde incelenen arpa tarlalarında en yaygın hastalık arpa ağbenek leke hastalığının ağ formu olarak bulunmuş olup bu hastalığı Rhynchosporium yaprak lekesi, arpa kahverengi pası, arpa ağbenek leke hastalığının nokta formu, külleme ve Cochliobolus yaprak lekesi hastalıkları takip etmiştir.
Designing the next generation of symmetrical organic redox flow batteries using helical carbocations
Authors: Moutet Jules , El-Assaad Tarek H. , Kaur Ramandeep , Mills David D. , Gianetti Thomas L.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, non-aqueous fully organic Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs) have displayed potential in broadening the electrochemical window and enhancing energy density in RFBs by relying on redox-active organic molecules to provide improved sustainability in comparison to metal-based charge carriers. Of particular interest, systems that rely on a single bipolar redox molecule (BRM) for their operation, known as symmetrical organic RFBs, have gained momentum as the utilization of a BRM eliminates membrane crossover issues, thus extending the lifespan of electrical energy storage systems while reducing their cost. In this manuscript, we will present our contribution to this field through the design of tunable bipolar molecules within the helicene carbocation class. This particular type of BRM is synthetically very affordable and has proven to be highly modifiable and robust. Through the examination of 11 examples, we will demonstrate how an approach based on readily available electrochemical tools can be efficiently employed to generate and assess a library of compounds for future full flow RFB applications.
AXIOSPHERE OF THE MODERN UNIVERSITY: TRANSLATION OF VALUES AND THEIR REFLECTION IN THE LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS OF STUDENTS AND PROFESSORS
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN), Povalko P.Yu. , Smolii E.S. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN), Kolysheva O.N. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN)
Published: March 2024

The article explores the concept of axiosphere within the international context of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN). Axiosphere refers to the system of values expressed in various forms of public communication. The research aims to identify and analyze the specific axiological content in visual signs within RUDN’s public communication space, examining how these values are reflected in the language consciousness of professors and students. The study employs a comprehensive analytical approach, including contextual, quantitative, semantic, semiotic, and linguocognitive analyses. An associative experiment was also conducted to understand how axiological dominants are reflected in the language consciousness of university affiliates. The main values transmitted by the University include “RUDN - World,” “RUDN - Multinationality / Multiculturalism,” “RUDN - Unity,” “RUDN - Knowledge,” “RUDN - Creation, Active position,” “RUDN - Value of personality,” and “RUDN - Success.” The associative experiment data confirmed the continuity of these values in the language consciousness of both students and professors.
La percepción de estudiantes de agronomía sobre la contaminación por agroquímicos
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México, Carrillo Quiroga Perla
Published: March 2024

Esta investigación involucra un estudio interdisciplinario sobre la percepción de la contaminación por agroquímicos en estudiantes de seis universidades mexicanas que cursan programas de ingeniería en agronomía y áreas afines, como agroecología, ingeniería agroforestal e innovación agrícola sustentable. El método de investigación es mixto con corte exploratorio, se recolectaron datos en un cuestionario en línea, sobre las actitudes, valores y acciones relacionadas al uso de agroquímicos, además de una autoevaluación de conocimientos sobre plaguicidas, fertilizantes y sus efectos en el ambiente y la salud humana. El enfoque teórico surge de la psicología ambiental, así como de la agroecología y de la educación ambiental. Se propone un modelo teórico para explorar la formación de modelos mentales y creencias sobre sistemas agrícolas sustentables y se plantean recomendaciones para la optimización de programas académicos de ingenierías en agronomía con enfoque hacia la sustentabilidad. Los resultados demuestran un alto nivel de consciencia ambiental en los estudiantes, una baja percepción de normas sociales para la conservación ambiental y la percepción de los agroquímicos como indispensables para la producción, lo que representa una barrera cognitiva para la implementación de estrategias agrícolas sustentables.
Feasibility Test of Articulate Storyline 3 Learning Media Based on Local Wisdom for Optimizing Students’ Algebraic Thinking Skills
Authors: Azrillia Wian , Oktaviyanthi Rina , Khotimah Khotimah , Garcia Mark Lester B.
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on assessing the suitability of learning media developed using Articulate Storyline 3. The foundation of local wisdom is integrated into the media to enhance algebraic thinking skills among students. The study analyzes the learning media's design, content, and effectiveness, emphasizing its potential to optimize algebraic thinking. The research employs a comprehensive evaluation, incorporating expert validation, small-scale testing, and field trials. Thirty-seven students were involved as research participants, with seven individuals for the pilot and 30 for the field scale tests. Meanwhile, five experts were employed to validate the designed instructional media. The instrument used to assess the feasibility of the instructional media was a questionnaire consisting of 32 items for student responses and 36 items for expert validators, with 17 points allocated to media experts and 19 to mathematics experts. The results demonstrate a high feasibility rating of 93,38%, indicating the efficacy of the Articulate Storyline 3-based learning media. Furthermore, students responded positively to the media, with an overall interest rating of 88,39%. The research also reveals a moderate increase in algebraic thinking skills, as reflected in the average n-gain index of 0,46 for small-scale testing and 0,39 for field-scale testing. The recommendations for future research include considerations for using free hosting to ease accessibility, enhancing interactivity in the presentation of teaching materials, and expanding the learning media to encompass diverse subjects aligned with students' needs. This study contributes valuable insights into developing and assessing technology-based learning tools, emphasizing their potential to optimize algebraic thinking skills among students.
THE PROPOSAL FOR MONITORING OF STEPPE POLECAT (MUSTELA EVERSMANII)
Authors:   Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, Poland, PUŚLECKA Aleksandra
Published: March 2024

The article presents a proposal for the monitoring of a steppe polecat – a small predatory mammal of the Mustelidae. The recent expansion of the steppe polecat that occurred in central Europe in the 20th century, its small population in Poland and few inhabited sites, result in a low level of knowledge about this species. The population of this species is not constantly monitored, so it is impossible to determine exactly how many individuals live in Poland. In this work, the first attempt was made to define the methodology needed to start and conduct monitoring that may help manage the population in the future. The monitoring method of the steppe polecat presented in this article consists of the assessment of both the species’ habitat and its population. Observations carried out during the monitoring process may additionally facilitate the acquisition of knowledge on the biology, behaviour and the impact of the steppe polecat on the others species and environment.
Handling Analysis of Short Shot Defects From Stretch Blow Molding Machine On 330 Ml Bottle Case Study At PT. XYZ
Authors: Nugroho Wistyo Nugroho , Fahruddin A’rasy
Published: March 2024

Stretch blow molding is a manufacturing method used in making hollow plastic products using polymer plastic with rotational symmetry. This method, which has been popular since the 1970s, is usually used to make PET bottle products for soft drinks and mineral water to liquid detergent. In the production process of 330 ml plastic water bottles using a stretch blow machine molding with a pneumatic system, making products usingThis machine has factors that can affect the quality of the bottles produced. Size deviation (even distribution of bottle thickness and bottle slope) not in accordance with specifications resulting in bottles with white shoulders and flanged (shrinkage). The aim of this research is to optimize the settings stretch blow molding machine parameters to produce good quality 330 ml plastic water bottle product. The variables (predictors) chosen are: preblow (bar), preform temperature (ºC), and P1 point (mm).
A Variational Expectation-Maximization Framework for Balanced Multi-scale Learning of Protein and Drug Interactions
Authors: Yang Yuedong , Rao Jiahua , Xie Jiancong , Yuan Qianmu , Liu Deqin , Wang Zhen , Lu Yutong , Zheng Shuangjia
Published: March 2024

Protein functions are characterized by interactions with proteins, drugs, and other biomolecules. Understanding these interactions is essential for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and developing new therapeutic strategies. Current computational methods mostly predict interactions based on either molecular network or structural information, without integrating them within a unified multi-scale framework. While a few multi-view learning methods are devoted to fusing the multi-scale information, these methods tend to rely intensively on a single scale and under-fitting the others, likely attributed to the imbalanced nature and inherent greediness of multi-scale learning. To alleviate the optimization imbalance, we present MUSE, a multi-scale representation learning framework based on a variant expectation maximization to optimize different scales in an alternating procedure over multiple iterations. This strategy efficiently fuses multi-scale information between atomic structure and molecular network scale through mutual supervision and iterative optimization. MUSE outperforms the current state-of-the-art models not only in molecular interaction (protein-protein, drug-protein, and drug-drug) tasks but also in protein interface prediction at the atomic structure scale. More importantly, the multi-scale learning framework shows potential for extension to other scales of computational drug discovery.
Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of the CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE gene family in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Peracchi Luigi M. , Brew-Appiah Rhoda A.T. , Garland-Campbell Kimberly , Roalson Eric H. , Sanguinet Karen A.
Published: March 2024

Background
CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (CAD) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of cinnamaldehydes into cinnamyl alcohols and is a key enzyme found at the final step of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Cinnamyl alcohols and their conjugates are subsequently polymerized in the secondary cell wall to form lignin. CAD genes are typically encoded by multi-gene families and thus traditionally organized into general classifications of functional relevance.
Results
In silico analysis of the hexaploid Triticum aestivum genome revealed 47 high confidence TaCAD copies, of which three were determined to be the most significant isoforms (class I) considered bone fide CADs. Class I CADs were expressed throughout development both in RNAseq data sets as well as via qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, Class I TaCADs were also upregulated after wounding and chitin elicitation in RNAseq data sets, but not in qRT-PCR experiments in roots or shoots. Of the 37 class II TaCADs identified, two groups were observed to be significantly co-expressed with class I TaCADs in developing tissue and under chitin elicitation in RNAseq data sets. These co-expressed class II TaCADs were also found to be phylogenetically unrelated to a separate clade of class II TaCADs previously reported to be an influential resistance factor to pathogenic fungal infection. Lastly, two groups were phylogenetically identified as class III TaCADs, which possess distinct conserved gene structures. However, the lack of data supporting their catalytic activity for cinnamaldehydes and their bereft transcriptional presence in lignifying tissues challenges their designation and function as CADs.
Conclusions
Taken together, the TaCAD gene family contributes overlapping but nonredundant functions that likely contribute to T. aestivum growth across a wide variety of agroecosystems and tolerance to a large variety of stressors.
Machine Learning to Predict Drug-Induced Liver Injury and its Validation on Failed Drug Candidates in Development
Authors: Mostafa Fahad , Howle Victoria , Chen Minjun
Published: March 2024

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory organizations. Despite a plethora of toxicological research aimed at estimating the risk of DILI, the efficacy of these techniques in predicting DILI in humans has remained limited. This has prompted the exploration of new approaches and procedures to improve the prediction accuracy of DILI risk for drug candidates in development. This study aimed to address this gap by leveraging a large human dataset to develop machine learning models for assessing DILI risk. The performance of the developed prediction models was extensively evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation approach and two external test sets. Our study revealed that the Random Forest (RF) and MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) models emerged as among the most effective in predicting DILI. RF outperformed other machine learning strategies, reaching an average prediction accuracy of 63.10% during the cross-validation, while the MLP achieved the highest Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.245. These two models were further validated externally by a set of drug candidates that failed in clinical development due to DILI. Both models accurately predicted 90.9% of the toxic drug candidates in the external validation. Our study suggests that in silico machine learning approaches have the potential to significantly enhance the identification of DILI liabilities associated with drug candidates in development.
Construction and Application of a Technical Platform for Determining Cell Cycle- and Autophagy-Associated Cellular Uptake of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Sui Meihua , Wang Yisha , Luo Gan , Wang Haiyang , Zheng Yue , Zhou Wenbin , Lin Junrong , Chen Baocheng
Published: March 2024

Cellular uptake of biomedical nanoparticles has been shown to be affected by key cellular biological properties. However, very little is known about the influence of cell cycle and autophagy on nanoparticle uptake. What's even more tough is that several long-lasting methodological barriers hamper the experimental performance and restrict the research and development. Herein, a multi-functional platform was initially constructed for simultaneously overcoming existing obstacles by integrating several technical approaches, particularly mitotic shake-off, for scatheless and complete cell cycle phase separation. Strikingly, further application of this platform revealed that G2-phase and M-phase cells, two cell populations previously muddled up together as G2/M-phase cells, respectively exhibited the maximum and minimum uptake of lipid-based nanoparticles. Moreover, our data generally provided a novel line of evidence for enhanced nanoparticle uptake by specific autophagy blockade. The cell cycle- and autophagy-associated characteristics of nanoparticle uptake discovered here offer new insights for optimization and application of nanomedicines.
Effects of a nurse-led motor function rehabilitation training program for patients with ischemic stroke, and family caregivers: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ding Yue , Xu Juan , Liang Qian-Yu , Zheng Jia-Qi , Wang Feng , Lin Ying , Wang Di-Ya , Su Jing
Published: March 2024

Background: Both individuals and society bear a considerable burden from ischemic stroke (IS), not only do patients continue suffering from motor dysfunction after discharge from hospital, but their caregivers also undertake the principal responsibility of assisting them in reintegrating into the family and society. To better improve the IS patients’ limb function and daily life activities, their caregivers should also be involved in the training of the motor function rehabilitation during the period transitioning from hospital back home. This study mainly aims to investigate the effects of a nurse-led training for IS patients and their family caregivers on the improvement of the patients’ physical function and the burden of caregivers.
Methods/design: A randomised controlled trial with blind assessment will be conducted in hospitals and during the follow-ups at home. Fifty-eight pairs of adults diagnosed with ischemic stroke and their primary caregivers will be included. Participants will be randomly given with (1) a nurse-led, home-based motor rehabilitation training participated by caregivers (intervention group) or (2) routine self-care (control group). Both groups will receive assessment and health guidance on the day of discharge, and the intervention group will receive an additional home-based training program and supervision. These two groups will be followed up every week after discharge. The primary results are drawn from the evaluation of physical function and caregiver-related burden, and the secondary results derived from statistics of the Modified Barthel Index, Stroke-specific Quality of Life and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Differences between the two groups will be measured by two-way repeated measures ANOVA, considering the data at baseline and at 1-week and 4-week follow-up after training.
Discussion: Results may provide novel and valuable information on the effects of this culturally appropriate, caregiver-involved, and home-based rehabilitation training on the physical function of IS patients and caregiver-related burden.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (chictr.org.cn) ChiCTR2300078798. Registered on 19 December 2023.
A First Trimester Combined Screening is Applicable and Cost-effective in the Screening of Trisomy 21 in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Järvelä Josephine , Markkanen Helene , Äyräs Outi , Räsänen Juha , Kaijomaa Marja
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To compare the results of maternal age- and fetal nuchal translucency (NT)-based trisomy 21 screening and the combined first trimester screening (FTS) in 661 twin pregnancies.
Methods
During the study period, screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies was based on maternal age and fetal NT. FTS risk value was calculated, but not used in counseling. The information regarding chorionicity was not considered in the calculation of the risk value. FTS results were retrospectively compared to those based on maternal age and NT.
Results
Six cases of trisomy 21 were identified in four twin pregnancies. The sensitivity of maternal age and fetal NT-based screening was 75%. Among all twin pregnancies, FTS sensitivities with cut-off levels 1/250, 1/300, and 1/350 were 75%, 75%, and 100%. The 100% sensitivity was reached at a cut-off level of 1/250 in monochorionic and at1/350 in dichorionic pregnancies. The false positive rates (3.7%, 4.1%, and 4.4%) of all FTS cut-off levels were lower than in screening with age- and NT-based screening (5.3%).
Conclusion
FTS is applicable in screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies. Compared to screening by age and NT, the false positive rate is lower. If the chorionicity is not considered, the sensitivity is superior when a cut-off level of 1/350 is used.
Novel method for predicting the cracks of oxide scales during high temperature oxidation of metals and alloys by using machine learning
Authors: Wongpromrat Patthranit , Chawuthai Rathachai , Promchan Teeratat , Rojsanga Jularak , Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk , Nilsonthi Thanasak , Anantpinijwatna Amata
Published: March 2024

In high temperature processes, the degradation of the materials is the major problem that may lead to higher maintenance costs and accidents. One form of the failure is the crack and spallation of the protective oxide film due to either the mechanical stress developing during the oxidation process or the thermal stress resulting from the mismatch of thermal expansions of oxide formed and alloy. Conventionally, the Pilling-Bedworth ratio (PBR) was used for predicting the crack and spallation of oxide by determining the volume changes of oxide and alloy. Although, the PBR is simple but it gives the inaccurate predictions. Therefore, in this work, the machine learning was used instead of PBR for predicting the formed of oxide produced and its spallation in the temperature range of 600–1200 oC. The alloy compositions, the oxide formed during oxidation, oxidation conditions and periods were inserted in the model as the inputs. From the results, the random forest with 15 estimators was the best machine learning model providing more than twice accuracy for predicting oxide spallation than using PBR.
Effect of the digestibility of cassava flour (Manihot esculenta crantz) by enzymes extracted from corn malt
Authors: Amisi Arthur Kapepa , CHIMANUKA Erick A. , KASEREKA Guelor L. , KIZUNGU Roger V. , BWANGANGA Jean-Claude T.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the digestibility of cassava starch by the enzymes extracted from corn malt, which will constitute one of the answers to the problem of integrating local products into the process in a modern brewery. Cassava starch solutions of different concentrations (E0: 0 g/L; E1: 1g/L; E2: 1.1 g/L; E3: 1.2 g/L; E4: 1.3 g/L; E5: 1.4 g/L, and E6: 1.5 g/L) were prepared and subjected to two treatments (gelatinized and non-gelatinized) and 5 mL of each were placed in a test tube. Three millilitres (3 mL) of the solution containing amylases extracted from malt corn were then added to each of the test tubes containing the cassava flour solutions. All the treatments were subjected to three temperature stages (50°C for 15 min, 90° C for 20 min, and 100°C for 75 min). Twenty-eight (28) objects (two duplicates) were experimented in a complete factorial design (2 treatments × 2 temperature levels). The results obtained showed that gelatinization had no effect, which could be due to the high optimum temperatures of corn enzyme activity. The concentrations also did not have significant differences which shows that these concentrations can well be used on an industrial scale to digest cassava starch by corn malt enzymes.
A multi-strategy improved rime optimization algorithm for three-dimensional USV path planning and global optimization
Authors: Gu Gaoquan , Lou Jingjun , Wan Haibo
Published: March 2024

The RIME optimization algorithm (RIME) represents an advanced optimization technique. However, it suffers from issues such as slow convergence speed and susceptibility to falling into local optima. In response to these shortcomings, we propose a multi-strategy enhanced version known as the multi-strategy improved RIME optimization algorithm (MIRIME). Firstly, the Tent chaotic map is utilized to initialize the population, laying the groundwork for global optimization. Secondly, we introduce an adaptive update strategy based on leadership and the dynamic centroid, facilitating the swarm's exploitation in a more favorable direction. To address the problem of population scarcity in later iterations, the lens imaging opposition-based learning control strategy is introduced to enhance population diversity and ensure convergence accuracy. The proposed centroid boundary control strategy not only limits the search boundaries of individuals but also effectively enhances the algorithm's search focus and efficiency. Finally, to demonstrate the performance of MIRIME, we employ 30 CEC2017 test functions to compare it with 11 popular algorithms across different dimensions, verifying its effectiveness. Additionally, to assess the method's practical feasibility, we apply MIRIME to solve the three-dimensional path planning problem for unmanned surface vehicles. Experimental results indicate that MIRIME outperforms other competing algorithms in terms of solution quality and stability, highlighting its superior application potential.
CAMKK2-AMPK axis endows dietary calcium and phosphorus levels with regulatory effects on lipid metabolism in weaned piglets
Authors: miao zhenyan , Sun Yanjie , Feng Zhangjian , Wu Qiwen , Yang Xuefen , Wang Li , Jiang Zongyong , Li Ying , Yi Hongbo
Published: March 2024

Background
In the realm of swine production, optimizing body composition and reducing excessive fat accumulation is critical for enhancing both economic efficiency and meat quality. Despite the acknowledged impact of dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on lipid metabolism, the precise mechanisms behind their synergistic effects on fat metabolism remain elusive.
Results
Research observations have shown a decreasing trend in the percentage of crude fat in carcasses with increased calcium and phosphorus content in feed. Concurrently, serum glucose concentrations significantly decreased, though differences in other lipid metabolism-related indicators were not significant across groups. Under conditions of low calcium and phosphorus, there is a significant suppression in the expression of FABPs, CD36 and PPARγ in the jejunum and ileum, leading to inhibited intestinal lipid absorption. Concurrently, this results in a marked increase in lipid accumulation in the liver. Conversely, higher levels of dietary calcium and phosphorus promoted intestinal lipid absorption and reduced liver lipid accumulation, with these changes being facilitated through the activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway by high-calcium-phosphorus diets. Additionally, the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet significantly altered the composition of liver lipids and the gut microbiota, increasing α-diversity and affecting the abundance of specific bacterial families related to lipid metabolism.
Conclusion
The evidence we provide indicates that the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet alter body fat content and lipid metabolism by modulating the response of the gut-liver axis to lipids. These effects are closely associated with the activation of the CAMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway.
Vaping Cessation Support Recommendations from Adolescents Who Vape: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pbert Lori , Dubé Catherine E. , Nagawa Catherine S. , Simone Dante P. , Wijesundara Jessica , Sadasivam Rajani
Published: March 2024

Background
Youth vaping is an epidemic, being more prevalent than any other tobacco use. To inform cessation interventions, we explored what adolescents perceive to be their reasons for quitting and strategies to help in their quit efforts.
Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 11 adolescents reporting vaping in the past 90 days and recruited from a high school in Massachusetts. Interviews were transcribed, and dual coded. Inductive thematic analysis was employed and thematic summaries were prepared.
Results
Reasons adolescents reported for quitting included: cost; experiencing “nic-sick” from nicotine withdrawal or excess intake; negative impacts on mood, concentration, or health; and experiencing symptoms of nicotine dependence. Nearly all tried to quit multiple times. Barriers to quitting included: exposure to vaping; access to vape products; stress; and “cool” new products or flavors. Quit strategies included: avoiding others vaping; seeking social support to quit; addressing peer pressure to continue vaping; learning successful quit strategies from peers; and using distraction strategies or alternatives to vaping.
Conclusion
Many adolescents who vape want to quit and most have tried multiple times. Interventions need to engage adolescents with varying reasons to quit, barriers, and quit strategy preferences.
Clinical Trial Registration
This study is registered through ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial registration number is NCT05140915. The trial registration date is 11/18/2021.
Characterization of Allium tuberosum rottl. Peptides with Dual Inhibitory Activities against Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV
Authors: Nong Nhung Thi Phuong , Lee Chia-Hui , Hsu Jue-Liang
Published: March 2024

Two peptides with dual functionality, namely LLPSY and NAPALVY, exhibit inhibitory effects on both angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidaseIV (DPP-IV), were successfully identified from the hydrolysates of Allium tuberosum. Peptide isolation involved reversed-phase chromatography, and peptide sequences were characterized through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and de novo sequencing. Notably, the Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis revealed that LLPSY (IC50: 15.66 ± 1.11 µM) acted in a non-competitive manner, whereas NAPALVY (IC50: 3.42 ± 0.79 µM) exhibited competitive inhibition, potently inhibiting ACE. Their stability tests against ACE further revealed that LLPSY acted as a real substrate, while NAPALVY functioned as a true inhibitor of ACE. In terms of DPP-IV inhibition, LLPSY (IC50: 2.48 ± 0.10 mM) was identified as a competitive inhibitor, whereas NAPALVY (IC50: 7.63 ± 0.52 mM) displayed noncompetitive inhibition. Both peptides exhibited true inhibitory effects on DPP-IV. Docking simulations provided insights into peptide-enzyme interactions. These novel Allium tuberosum-derived peptides hold promise for controlling blood pressure and blood glucose.
A deadlock in health service delivery: Examining revenues lost from implementation of user fee exemption policy in Tanzania
Authors: Ndomba Teoford S. , Maluka Stephen O.
Published: March 2024

Background: Tanzania, like other low and middle-income countries (LMICs), introduced user-fee exemptions in early 1990s for the purpose of increasing access to health care services for the poor and the most vulnerable groups. User-fee exemptions are granted to pregnant women, children under 5, persons above 60 years and patients with chronic diseases. While there is consensus on the effects of user fee exemptions on access to health care services, there are growing concerns that user fee exemptions are the source of poor quality of health services in public health facilities. However, studies on exemptions have predominantly focused on the demand side, looking into whether the poor and vulnerable groups receive the required health care services. Therefore, there is scant knowledge of the effects of user fee exemptions on the supply side. This study examined revenues lost due to implementation of user-fee exemptions in public health facilities in Tanzania.
Methodology: This study employed a case study design, and used documentary reviews and in-depth interviews in data collection. Thematic analysis approach was used to analyse qualitative data, whereas Microsoft Word Excel application was used to analyse the quantitative data extracted from documentary reviews.
Results: The findings indicate that public health facilities lost substantial revenues mainly from service functions such as medicines, medical consultation, laboratory, and delivery services. However, there were no mechanisms in place to offset the revenues lost by health facilities. Consequently, the loss significantly jeopardised provision of health care services.
Conclusion
The study concludes that public health facilities in Tanzania lose a substantial amount of revenues due to the implementation of user fee exemption policy, which significantly jeopardises provision of health care services. The government should increase subsidies to public health facilities and increase efforts to effectively implement health insurance schemes because they are viable and reliable sources of revenues for improving service delivery.
NAT10 affects the progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and M2-type polarization of macrophages by regulating CCL2
Authors: Cai Teng , Dai Jianye , Lin Yanyan , Bai Zhongtian , Meng Wenbo
Published: March 2024

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly lethal hepatobiliary tumor and its incidence is on the rise. As a cancer of unknown primary causes, the pathogenesis and related biomarkers of ICC still needs to be investigated. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is essential for cellular mRNA stability and tumor cell progression; however, the detailed mechanism underlying its role in ICC is unknown. Here, we examined the role of NAT10 in ICC and deeply investigated its effect on macrophage polarization. Tissue microarray (TMA) analysis shown that high expression of NAT10 was positively associated with poor clinicopathological manifestations of CCA. Silencing of NAT10 inhibited the proliferation of ICC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, whereas NAT10 overexpression promoted ICC progression. Mechanistically, NAT10 binds to the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA and elevates its protein levels, thereby promoting the proliferation of ICC cells and M2 polarization of macrophages. Molecular docking screening and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) identified a natural product, berberine (BBR), which targeted CCL2 and thereby inhibited ICC progression and reduced M2 polarization of macrophages. In summary, NAT10 promotes ICC progression and M2 polarization of macrophages by increasing CCL2. BBR inhibits ICC progression by targeting CCL2 and is an attractive novel compound for targeted therapy.