bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Decapitation Of Young Brides
Authors: Nabokov Isabelle
Published: November 2023

The musicians had achieved their first objective: the pey who was possessing Shanti was personified. So far her exorcism had followed the processual logic of the kalippu countersorcery ritual, which also began with the typification of afflicting forces. The difference was that here the musicians had not embodied the demon in an effigy: instead, they had drawn him out of Shanti’s body with their music. Nor was this incorporation accomplished by means of any visual, “eye-opening ” procedure. Rather, they had employed verbal, dialogical conventions to assimilate the demon’s personality with key aspects of Laksmi’s identity and biography. Speech had replaced sight as the organ of recovery. With the demon’s and Shanti’s identities sufficiently merged, the musicians could now proceed to separate them. For this dissociation no winnowing trays or any funeral symbols were necessary, only words. Let us return to that scene in the late afternoon light at the Malaiyagiir temple. Tottering from side to side in the middle of her circle, Shanti looked dazed and oblivious to the ritual’s progression.
European Upheaval, Theological Ferment 1933—1937
Authors: Warren Heather A
Published: November 2023

ADOLF HITLER’S THIRD REICH created a new political context for the Ameri, can Protestant theologians. It also revived the struggling ecumenical movement by presenting the need for a new theology within which the Nazi rise in a country as civilized as Germany could be comprehended. The young American thinkers who provided the requisite insight were to become central figures in the ecumenical movement. Their very involvement in the movement gave them the perspective from which to discern the theological dimension of a problem that had never been the province of either Protestant or Orthodox churches—international politics—in effect, widening the public stage along with the substantive scope of their work. With the Christian internationalist vision from their student days and their criticism of liberal theology, these theologians banded together in articulating the theology that would speak to the new situation in Central Europe and its threat to Christians everywhere.
Exegetical Writings
Authors: McEvoy James
Published: November 2023

Origins are for the most part the obscurest things in history. Pitifully little is known with any certainty of the Oxford in which Grosseteste taught, of the curriculum in arts and theology, the length of courses, and the other structures of academic life that contribute so largely to the shape of a scholar’s day-by-day and year-by-year existence, and that even help to set the lines on which he will write. This inability of ours to relate Grosseteste institutionally and imaginatively to a scholastic setting that remains almost impenetrably obscure is the source of the great difficulties we experience in trying to locate his writings in time and to place them in relation to the historical context of his teaching.

Despite the obscurity referred to, I think it is a fair assumption that a master brought his students through the Gospels and the Epistles (especially those of St. Paul), thus preparing them for ministry in the Church, or for teaching at episcopal and other schools. Gospel and Epistle, read in an annual cycle, constituted essentially the first part of the Sunday Mass. It may also be assumed that the teacher covered a fair bit of the Old Testament in cycles of two or three years, commenting with particular care on the opening chapters of Genesis, the major prophets, and the Psalms. He would have to have had at his disposal his own copy of the Vulgate and a copy, owned outright or shared (if he lived in a community), of the Ordinary Gloss. That, at any rate, is how I imagine in the broadest outline Grosseteste’s conduct of the theological course at his school to have been.
Greek Scholarship
Authors: McEvoy James
Published: November 2023

It was as a translator from the Greek that Grosseteste was to achieve celebrity on a European scale. The most popular of his versions (the Nicomachean Ethics, the Letters of St. Ignatius, and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs) far outweigh his original writings in numbers of extant copies, as well as outreaching them in geographical diffusion. Indeed the Ignatian letters and the Testaments were read well beyond the university and clerical setting that formed the intended readership of his other versions.

The conventional date of 1232 for the beginnings of his Greek studies does not take account of either the breadth or the depth of scholarship that Grosseteste displayed in versions and commentaries within a very few years of then, and in reading and glossing even around that very time. There was no precedent at Oxford, or in England, for the learning of Greek and no ready-made collection of books to learn from, with the result that the question concerning his motivation for taking up the language must in the very last analysis receive an answer in terms of his own free initiative.
The Arrival of The Sentences
Authors: McEvoy James
Published: November 2023

On becoming bishop of Lincoln, in 1235, Grosseteste left Oxford. The fifteen years that followed his departure witnessed a growing influence of Paris upon Oxford, through the importation of the practice of commenting on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. By about 1250 both Richard Fishacre, O.P., and Richard Rufus, O.F.M., had completed commentaries on the Sentences. Grosseteste’s resistance to the new style had some effect, as we shall see, but he was not able to counteract the novelty. On the other hand, the influence of some of his ideas was felt by both writers, in a way that lent a measure of material continuity to the changing structure of theology. I shall study these developments in some detail, on the basis of the latest research.

Grosseteste more or less identified theology with the study of the Bible and filled the morning hours of classes (lectiones ordinariae) with exposition of the text. Indeed he deliberately underlined his adherence in this regard to the practice of the Paris regents of the time of his own youth.
When Aseneth Met Joseph
Authors: Ross Shepard Kraemer
Published: November 2023

This is a study of an anonymous ancient work, originally composed in Greek, titled Joseph and Aseneth. Although relatively unknown outside of scholarly circles, the story is remarkable because of its focus on a female character and its lack of overt misogyny and has traditionally been viewed as an early second-century C.E. conversion story of Jewish provenance. Kraemer offers conclusions that differ with previous findings in questions of date, provenance, identity, geographic origin and textual relationships as well as in matters of interpretation. She also explores the story's implications within the context of late antique constructs of and concerns about gender.
Composing Aseneth
Authors: Wolff Christian
Published: November 2023

Ancient readers of Jewish scripture often found themselves confronted by textual anomalies, which they attempted to resolve. The means by which at least one circle of Jewish readers frequently did so is brilliantly illuminated in Kugel’s study of midrashic rabbinic traditions about Joseph and the wife of Potiphar, where he demonstrates their formulation and development as logical responses to textual and contextual anomalies and questions.
Recasting Aseneth
Authors: Wolff Christian
Published: November 2023

While previous scholarship has endeavored to resolve the relationship of the shorter and longer versions of Aseneth primarily through traditional text-critical approaches, I have focused on the content of the different readings, a focus that has produced significantly different results. As I hope to demonstrate in this chapter, a comparative reading of the shorter and longer reconstructions of the text reveals a plethora of instances in which the longer text appears to expand upon the shorter in a consistent manner, resolving anomalies, clarifying ambiguities, and rendering biblical and related imagery much more explicit, bringing the longer text into closer conformity with biblical texts. In many cases, these changes are effected through the subtle addition of only a few words, consistently added at appropriate points. All of this strongly suggests to me that, in general, the longer text as reconstructed by Burchard represents an intentional and careful reworking of a shorter text and that it makes far more sense to account for the numerous divergent readings as expansions from the shorter rather than deletions from the longer. While not attempting to be absolutely comprehensive, in this chapter I will consider a number of examples that I think demonstrate my thesis. Subsequent
Aseneth and Late Antique Religious Sensibilities
Authors: Wolff Christian
Published: November 2023

Although the comparison of Aseneth with demonstrably Jewish (and, to a lesser extent, Christian) mystical traditions illuminates otherwise obscured aspects of the texts, it is still an incomplete excavation of the mystical paradigms that undergird the text. As I hope to show in this chapter, two crucial elements of the Aseneth tale, the identification of Joseph and his angelic double with Helios and the mystery of the bees, are best accounted for within the framework of late antique religious sensibilities, including solar henotheism and Neoplatonic cosmology and mysticism.
The Persian Messiahs
Authors: Isa Abu , Mushka Yudghan , Syria Serenus of
Published: November 2023

From the beginning of the fifth century until the present, almost all Jewish messiahs have appeared outside the land of Israel. This has resulted in new motifs in the ac counts of them, including miracles that look toward a return to Israel (the rebuilding of the temple, miraculous transportation back to Israel), alongside firm localist tendencies. The focus of this chapter is on the Jewish messiahs of Persia in the eighth century. (It includes the Syrian messiah Serenus because of his clear similarity to the Persians.) The careers of these messiahs bring together rural militant localism with the legend of the Ten Tribes and the asceticism that characterized the Mourners of Zion before them and Karaism after them. These messiahs are the direct forerunners of David Alroy, also from Persia, who is the subject of chapter 4.
The Messiah Of Amadia
Authors: Alroy David
Published: November 2023

Four centuries after the Persian messiahs had waged their struggles, David Alroy, another localist, militant messiah, led an armed insurrection bent on the redemption of the Jews in Persia’s borderlands. He was better educated in Islamic culture, philosophy, and law than were his predecessors and shared their syncretist tendencies; his facility in science perhaps helped him perform deeds that others took as evidence of his magical powers. Unlike the rural eighth-century Persian messiahs, there is no evidence in the accounts of Alroy that he followed ascetic practices. Alroy gravitated toward the urban center of power; he was the first of several Jewish messiahs after Jesus who confronted the ruler-in this case, the sultan, face to face.
The Messiahs Of Safed
Authors: Luria Isaac , Vital Hayim
Published: November 2023

While many Jews converted to Catholicism during the repressive periods in Spain and in other European countries, others chose to leave Europe altogether. In 1492, Jews were no longer given the option of conversion in Spain and were simply forced out, with most of them winding up in the Moslem lands of the Ottoman Empire. Thus the center of Jewish life returned to the Middle East, and the mystical the ology that had begun in the regions of the northern and western Mediterranean continued to develop back in the land of Israel. This chapter focuses on two major figures in the development of the Kabbalah-Isaac Luria and Hayim Vital-both of whom also assumed the role, one after the other, of messiah.
The Yemenite Messiahs Reprise
Authors: Lenowitz Harris
Published: November 2023

I have covered the appearances of Jewish messiahs from biblical times to the present, from the land of Israel to New York City, and I have noted the continuities between messiah events throughout history and across continents, as well as the unique or innovative features of these events in each period and place. There re mains one set of Jewish messiahs that I have not yet discussed-those who made their appearance in the tiny and remote land of Yemen (on the southern tip of the Arabian peninsula), from late in the twelfth century to the end of the nineteenth. The history of the Yemenite messiahs stands somewhat apart from the rest, due to the geographic isolation of Yemen and the peripheral nature of the Jewish community there.
Conclusion The Characterization of Abandonment
Authors: Lenowitz Harris
Published: November 2023

Messianism has generally a particular outlook on the dimension of time: its temporal process leads to a change-or to a final concretion-on the heels of which the dam aged present is annulled and a new world order that is wholly good replaces it, for if the present were good the necessity would be to ensure its continuation and not to endeavor to exchange it for a new world order. Since “this world” is evil, damaged, or ruined by negative elements, whether spiritual or real-such as suffering, death, ill ness, sin, and so on-a new world that would be entirely good is required.
Jonathan Edwards and the Angel of the Lord
Authors: Munk Linda
Published: November 2023

“A heathen asked Rabbi Joshua b. Karha: Why did God speak to Moses from the thorn bush? Rabbi Joshua replied: If he had spoken from a carob tree or from a sycamore, you would have asked me the same question. But so as not to dismiss you without an answer, God spoke from the thorn bush to teach you that there is no place where the Shekinah is not, not even a thorn bush.”
The Oceanic Feeling Interpreted
Authors: Parsons William b.
Published: November 2023

Drawing on the multiple resources unearthed in the last chapter, we are now in a position to offer a fresh interpretation of Rolland’s mysticism. The latter presents interesting peculiarities: Rolland was an unchurched Western mystic deracinated from traditional religious modes of expressing religious sentiments; a recipient of unchurched mystical experiences, and an advocate of the creation of a “mystical psychoanalysis.” As such, a psychoanalytic analysis of his mysticism does not encounter the more difficult sociohistorical and comparativist problems presented by tradition-bound mystics. On the other hand, I do think Rolland belongs to what can loosely be called a “tradition.” I begin, then, by situating Rolland’s mysticism with respect to extant comparativist literature, focusing at first on what has been termed “nature mysticism.” Here I appropriate the writings of R. C. Zaehner, for only Zaehner has suggested a conception of nature mysticism fruitful enough to begin to account for the experiential, sociohistorical, and theoretical dimensions of Rolland’s mysticism. As important, Zaehner’s rubric provides convenient theoretical bridges to psychoanalytic studies that allow me to implement the dialogical position advocated in the last chapter. Building on Zaehner, then, I devote the rest of the chapter to creating a dialogue between Rolland’s mysticism, culture studies, psychoanalysis, and issues in mystical epistemology.
Conclusion
Authors: Parsons William b.
Published: November 2023

Ascant year after Freud’s death, W. H. Auden, in his “In Memory of Sigmund Freud,” poetically expressed the impact of Freud on Western culture: “To us he is no more a person/ Now, but a whole climate of opinion/ Under whom we conduct our differing lives.” Certainly Freud initiated a new form of selfreflection, subjectivity, and sociality that has both real continuities and significant differences with its religious counterparts. Safely behind the double doors of the psychoanalytic therapeutic encounter, one inhabits a liminal space which grants one access to the unconscious, leading to a qualitatively distinct self relating activity. How that activity has altered the democratic West has been conceptualized and evaluated in diverse ways. Regardless of one’s take on Freud, one must not forget that other figures deserve to be seen alongside him as, in Peter Homans’s felicitous use of the phrase, “culture-makers”: those originative psychologists and intellectuals who were complicit in helping to further psychological modes of thinking about self, culture, and society.1 Of Freud’s associates, Carl Jung, Otto Rank, and Alfred Adler readily come to mind. There was something about the culture of that time that led to a specific kind of mourning which fostered introspective probes and psychological analyses.
Early Misfortunes
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

let us leap over the years that elapsed immediately after the birth and baptism of the subject of these memoirs and meet him now at the age of seven. We shall say only that during all that time the youngster did not belie all that he portended at birth: He tormented the neighborhood with a squall always squalled at the highest of registers; he was ill-tempered; his bad humor was directed particularly toward his godmother, whom he could not abide; and he was intractable in the extreme.
First Night Away from Home
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

As soon as he realized that his godson was missing, the compadre became terribly upset; he sounded the alarm throughout the neighborhood, hunted, inquired, but no one had any news or information to offer about the boy. Then he remembered the Via-Sacra, and it occurred to him that the youngster might have gone off with it. He hurried along all the streets the procession had traversed, anxiously asking everyone he met for information about that precious treasure of his hopes. He got all the way to the Church of the Born-Jesus without finding a trace. There they told him that they had seen three boys behaving in so reprehensible.
The Comadre
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

It is now our duty to say something about a figure who will play an important role in the course of this story and whom the reader scarcely knows, since we touched on her, in passing, only in the first chapter. She is the midwife who, as we said, served as godmother to the subject of these memoirs. The comadre was a short, excessively fat, good-natured woman, simple, or simpleminded, to a certain extent, though in another sense quite discerning. She lived by her practice of midwifery, which she had adopted out of curiosity, and by pronouncing blessings to ward off the evil eye. She was widely known to be highly devout, the most assiduous churchgoer in the city. She was an unerring calendar of every religious feast day observed here, knew by heart the days on which Mass was said in this church and that, as well as the time and ,the priest’s name; she was on time to every Mass, litany, novena, and septenary; she never missed a Via-Sacra procession or sermon. In short, she kept her time so deployed and the schedules so organized that she never arrived at church to find Mass already at the altar. She began at dawn with the Mass at Our Lady of the Lapa; no sooner had it concluded than she was on her way to 8:oo Mass at the Se; and leaving it she caught the 9:00 at the Church of Santo Antonio.
The Rare Animal Garden
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

I here still exists today in the vestibule of the Imperial Palacewhich at the time when our story takes place was called the Royal Palace-a small chamber or room that the town wags, and the common people as well, called the “Rare Animal Garden.” That name had been bestowed upon it because of the purpose that it then served: Every day of the year it was occupied by three or four high-ranking officers, old, no longer fit for war and useless in peace, who remained in the king’s service, no one knew whether for some sort of extraordinary pay or just for the honor of being in the royal service. Seldom did the royal will call upon them actually to do anything, so they passed their time in resplendent idleness, sometimes in silence, other times conversing about the events of their own day and condemning those that they correctly judged not of that day, for none of them was less than sixty years of age. Sometimes it happened that they all fell asleep at the same time; then, with the resonance of their breathing passing through tobacco-constricted nasal passages, they would play a quartet, a piece of inestimable quality that the officers and soldiers of the guard, the servants, and other passersby would stop by the door to appreciate. The poor men were often the victims of practical jokes, which in those unharried times were many people’s objects of study.
Dona Maria
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

In this city a procession day has always been a time of great celebration, of frenetic comings and goings, of movement and of agitation. And if still today it is as the readers know it to be, at the time when the personages of this story lived it was at a somewhat higher pitch: The streets filled with people, especially women in mantillas; houses were decorated; magnificent quilts of silk or damask in all colors were hung out of windows; and choruses gathered on nearly every street corner. It was almost everything practiced today but at a larger scale and greater scope, because it was done “for the faith,” as the old women of those good times used to say. We, however, would say it was done for fashion: Decorating windows and doors on procession days or contributing in some other way to the splendor of the religious festivals was as much a matter of style as donning a dress with puff sleeves or wearing a formidable high comb two palms tall in your hair.
Pentecost Sunday
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

That day was Pentecost Sunday. As everyone knows, the feast of the Holy Ghost is one of the favorite celebrations of the people of Rio de Janeiro. Even today when certain habits are being lost, some of them good, others bad, that feast day is still the occasion of great activity. What happens today is, however, far from what used to take place in the time back to which we have taken our readers. The celebration did not begin on the Sunday marked on the calendar; it started much earlier, so that the novenas could take place. The first announcement of the celebration was to be found in the Folias. In his childhood, the writer of these memoirs had the opportunity to witness the Folias, although they were then in their last stages of decadence, so much so in fact that only children such as he paid attention and found enjoyment in them. For everyone else, if they paid heed at all, it was merely to lament how different the celebrations were from those of yesteryear. What went on back then, if closely examined, was not very far from deserving of censure. Nevertheless, it was a custom, and let no one say to an old woman from those times that it really must have been scandalous back then, because he will get a laugh right in his face and hear a tremendous philippic against the celebrations we have today.
Alliance
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

If Leonardo had despaired, in the way we have just seen, at the setback that he had suffered with the arrival and designs of Jose Manuel, his godfather was no less upset by the situation: Seeing that his godson was becoming a man and having definitively abandoned his monumental plan of sending him off to Coimbra, he had seen in Dona Maria’ niece an excellent means oflivelihood for his charge. He knew, it is true, that, should things continue on, at the moment of decision Dona Maria could, with very good reason, deny her niece to a youth who worked at no job and who had no future. For this reason he had often urged his godson to break into the trade on the face of some stupid customer or other; the latter, however, obstinately refused. The comadre, on the occasions when she came to the barber’s house, never ceased insisting on her old project of having the boy go into the Concei<;:ao. On one occasion when she spoke of that in his presence, the story cost her a sharp reprimand: The boy had taken a liking to the life of an idler and on no account wished to leave it. And if on other occasions he was of that disposition, now after the latest events, when love and jealousy filled his heart, he certainly did not want to hear of such things. He believed that his best job should consist of putting an end to the rival who had gotten in ahead of him.
Intrigue
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The comadre went through many other scenes every day just like the one we have depicted, for she was one of the most sought-after midwives in the city. She enjoyed a great reputation for skill in these matters, and in the most serious cases it was always she who was chosen, with her miraculous scapulars, blessed palm, measure-ribbon of Our Lady of Childbirth, and bottle to blow in. With the invocation of all the legion of saints, seraphim, and angels she could get herself out of the most difficult situations. And let no one try to dictate to her, for she would not listen to them! Not even the royal surgeon.
Upset
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

while all these events were taking place, a sad occurrence, and one of the greatest importance, came to alter Leonardo’s lifeor actually to turn it upside down. His godfather fell gravely ill. At first the upset seemed to be a matter of little importance, and the comadre, who was the first person called in, felt that the discomfort would completely disappear within a couple of days if the patient would take some rosemary baths. That prescription, however, had no effect; the illness continued. They then had recourse to an apothecary known to the comadre, who extended his trade-whether with the sanction of the law or without it we know not-to the profession of physician.
New Love
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

After a long walk under a sky in which shone one of those magnificent moons that are to be seen only in Rio de Janeiro, they all reached a house on Vala Street. In those times a moonlit night was made the most of: No one stayed inside; those who did not go out on a stroll would sit in their doorways on mats and pass long hours in music, at their supper, and in conversation. Many slept the whole night in the out-of-doors.
Betrayal
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The three old women conversed for a long time, not because there was much to say about what had just been going on but because the comadre had taken it into her head that in order to explain how much she was interested in her godson’s return home it was necessary for her, going back into the distant past, to tell the boy’s entire life story from its beginning, that of his mother, that of his father, and her ownwhich had been the longest of all. And because the two sisters took it into their heads that in order to assert that Leonardo was doing quite well where he was and that they would not consent to his leaving, it was necessary to do what the godmother had just done: Tell the story of their lives and that of their entire family from times long past. Now as all these stories recounted from one party to another were full of episodes that were sometimes sentimental, sometimes gripping, sometimes gay, it happened during the conversation that among many chuckles of laughter some tears also flowed. There is nothing that works better to create and confirm friendship, even intimacy, than laughter and tears: Those who have once laughed together, and even more so those who have once cried together, find it easy to become friends. Indeed, by the end of the conversation, the three old women had come to feel an incredible degree of mutual esteem.
Spilled Broth
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The comadre, leaving the major given over to his shame, headed immediately for the house where Leonardo was to be found, to congratulate him and tell him of the despair into which his escape had plunged Vidigal. Leonardo was relying on that and was not surprised, but Vidinha and the two old women, amid many curses and imprecations, chuckled for a long time at the major’s expense. The comadre, as was her wont, took advantage of the opportunity and, after wearing down of talk about the major, delivered a sermon to Leonardo in which, aside from a few exaggerations, there was a great fund of truth-so much so that even Vidinha admitted that she was right on many matters. The sermon’s theme was the need for Leonardo to find some employment, to abandon the life he was leading which, pleasant though it might be, was nonetheless susceptible to such crises as the one that had just arisen. The sanction of all the laws that the preacher sought to im-press upon her listener was to be found in the clutches of Vidigal.
The Grenadier
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The score was, then, completely settled between Leonardo and the lackey: Each had had his vengeance upon the other. The last blow struck in the contest had been Leonardo’s. He blessed his fate, and even Major Vidigal, for having provided him the opportunity to snatch fortune’s cup from the lips of his rival. He was even almost happy that he had been conscripted. We have done well in observing that for him there was neither fortune that was not transformed into misfortune nor misfortune that did not end up as fortune.
Revelation
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

It has been said many times that the only thing worse than an enemy is a bad friend. One of Leonardo- Pataca’s guests called himself a close friend of Teotonio’s and, in the light of the lengths to which Leonardo had gone to keep the latter free of the major’s clutches, made other friendships, however, the reverse occurs; the setbacks are productive because the return of peace proves easy, and as a result they seem to grow even closer. The friendship existing between Dona Maria and the comadre was of this latter sort. Therefore, after the chat at Mass not only did relations between the two return to their prior state but they became more solid than ever before. From then on there was no secret between them that was not mutually communicated, and they made a pact to aid one another to effect remedies, one of them for the ills afflicting her niece, the other for her godson’s deviltries.
Three Women on a Mission
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

he three, then, set out for the house of the major, who at that time lived on the Rua da Miseric6rdia, one of the oldest streets in the city. The major received them in a colored-print robe and sandals, not having initially gauged the caliber of the visit. As soon as he recognized the three women, however, he rushed to the adjacent bedroom and threw on his uniform tunic as quickly as possible. Since time was short and it was impolite to leave the ladies unattended, he did not don the rest of the uniform but returned to the parlor in the uniform top, informal breeches, sandals, and, as was his custom, an Alcobac;a kerchief over his shoulder. The comadre, seeing him thus attired, could scarcely stifle a giggle that came to her lips despite the aggrieved state she was in. The salutations of greeting were carried out without incident. The comadre had discerned in the major’s haste to enter a good sign for the outcome of their mission.
Happy Ending
Authors: Almeida Manuel Antonio De
Published: November 2023

The comadre passed almost the entire period of mourning with the widow and her aunt, and she accompanied them to Mass on the seventh day. Leonardo appeared on that occasion as well, and he took the family home after the service was over.

That handclasp that Luisinha had permitted Leonardo on the day of her husband’s funeral had not gone unnoticed by Dona Maria either, just as many of the other facts deriving from that one had not escaped her. The fact is that a certain idea that she had in her mind did not seem so extravagant to her. Often, at the Ave Maria, as the good matron sat down on her bench in a corner of her drawing room to pray, between one “Our Father” and another ‘‘Ave Maria” on her blessed rosary.
Wilde’s Desire
Authors: Mahaffey Vicki
Published: November 2023

Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde used wit to tease apart his Irish nationality, his image, and the prescriptive power of authority in ways that are widely misunderstood. To appreciate Wilde’s extraordinary inventiveness and to see how it was propelled and derailed by a tendency toward “greenness” that is both lushly verdant (in an intellectual and national sense) and grotesquely naive (in his understanding of the power of age and class), it is first necessary to peel away the image of Wilde that was disseminated through the popular press, an image that he did little to dispel and sometimes actively embroidered. Wilde’s fall came about largely because of the way he was troped (and trapped) by caricatures, but Wilde’s writings express values that are diametrically opposed to such labeling; they endorse a methodology that is antirepresentational, self-contradictory, and dynamic. His exuberant comedies demonstrate his command of vertiginous wordplay, most immediately apparent in his “earnest” punning, yet his fairy tales emphasize an equal awareness of the importance of humility, a quality that simultaneously affirms the insufficiency and the compassion of the individual. Although they differ sharply in mood, what punning and humility have in common is an exultation in the necessity of
Racial Protest, Identity, Words, and Form
Authors: Walker Pierre A
Published: November 2023

Maya Angelou has told in interviews how Robert Loomis, her eventual Random House editor, goaded her into writing autobiography, teasing her with the challenge of writing literary autobiography. Considering herself a poet and playwright, she had repeatedly refused Loomis’s requests that she write an autobiography until he told her that it was just as well: “He . . . said that to write an autobiography—as literature—is almost impossible. I said right then I’d do it” (“Maya Angelou,” with Hitt, 211).
Death as Metaphor of Self
Authors: Arensberg Liliane K
Published: November 2023

In 1970, at a Time when most blacks and a growing number of liberal whites affirmed the ad-campaign motto that “Black Is Beautiful,” Maya Angelou’s autobiography was published. An unbeautiful, awkward, rather morose, dreamy, and “too-big Negro girl,” young Maya Angelou seems an unlikely heroine. Neither the pretty and radiant prom queen of her all-black high school, like Anne Moody in Coming of Age in Mississippi, nor the acknowledged genius of her doting family like Nikki Giovanni in Gemini, the child Angelou writes about is unadmired, unenvied, uncoddled as she makes her precarious way (on “broad feet,” she reminds us) into the world.
The Sacraments in Wesleyan Perspective
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

To TREAT ANY MATTER IN A WESLEYAN PERSPECTIVE IS NOT MERELY, FOR A Methodist, an act of piety toward John and Charles Wesley, the principal founders of our particular tradition, although such gestures certainly have their proper place for Christians who live in the communion of the saints. There is another reason why, in the late twentieth century, American Methodists should be looking to the Wesley brothers for guidance. Our own missionary situation bears an uncanny resemblance to the England of the eighteenth century in which the Methodist movement took its origins. For two centuries the American Constitution has forbidden any national establishment of religion of the kind the Wesleys knew in England and which still obtains there, even if in attenuated degree. Nevertheless, an often vague form of non-dogmatic, non-denominational Christianity has constituted the unofficial “civil religion” of the United States; and the “mainline” denominations have functioned in part as variant carriers of the civil religion-our own Methodism as much as any other body. And our church now takes on many of the features that marked the declining effectiveness of the Church of England in the Wesleys’ days. If we look for renewal, we may find hints in what God did through the Wesleys.
The Reconciliation of Divided Churches:A Witness to the Gospel
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

THAT CHRIST WILLS HIS DISCIPLES TO BE ONE IS CLEAR BECAUSE, IN HIS HIGH priestly prayer of John 17, Jesus prayed to the Father for their unity. The stated purpose is that the world may believe in the divine mission of the Son, so that all those whom Christ will draw to himself through their witness may, to the glory of the Father and the Son, come to a knowledge of the truth and an enjoyment of eternal life. St. Paul declares in Romans 5:10f. that sinners have been reconciled to God by the death of his Son, and that believers, having received this reconciliation, now rejoice in God through the Lord Jesus Christ. In Romans 15:5f. the apostle goes on to pray that God may grant them to live in such harmony with one another, in accord with Christ Jesus, that they may with one heart and one voice glorify the God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ. Their unity is necessary to the spreading of the Gospel among the Gentiles, who must also come to the praise of God’s name (15:7-33).
Reconciliation: Irish and Ecumenical
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

IF, WITHIN A HUMAN SPACE INHABITED BY PEOPLE FOR WHOM RELIGION counts, one group considers another idolatrous and is itself in tum regarded as apostate by the other (or vice versa), then you have a recipe for trouble. It might be Bosnia. The Muslims will view Orthodox Christians as close to idolaters because belief in a trinitarian God is an affront to Allah. Orthodox Christians may see Muslims as apostate because they have followed the later prophet Mohammed whereas the incarnation of the divine Word in Jesus Christ was unsurpassable. Now change the geography and locate the human space within Christendom, in a place where Catholics and Protestants live cheek by jowl. In Protestant eyes the Catholics may have apostatized from the biblical faith and, by their “breaden God” and their “worship of Mary,” be committing idolatry. In Catholic eyes the Protestants may have quit the true church and turned, let ussay, to a God so transcendent of the incarnate realities of the sacraments and the saints that he passes over into deism and no longer even attracts worship, though still allowing his adepts to do very nicely for themselves. In such a case you have a recipe for “the Troubles.” Perhaps my description would be caricatural if applied to Northern Ireland. But in attempting as a sympathetic outsider to address the Irish situation, I want to recognize that the conflict is at least in part theological, or even dogmatic.
Canons, Cultures, And Ecumenically Correct
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

every human action, and separates the Holy Spirit from the e. We must guard against a tendency to substitute a “private” spi, it, the spirit of the world or other spirits for the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and rests in the Son. Our tradition is rich in respect for local and national cultures, but we find it impossible to invoke the spirits of “earth, air, water and sea creature.” Pneumatology is inseparable from Christology or from the doctrine of the Holy Trinity confessed by the Church on the basis of Divine Revelation.
Introduction
Authors: Parker Simon B
Published: November 2023

The study of biblical prose narrative has taken several quite distinct forms in recent decades. The dominant approach in the modern period has been historical. Interest in recovering Israel’s and Judah’s histories entails an analysis of biblical texts to determine their relation to the past of which they speak. Such analysis includes reconstruction of the literary past of the texts themselves—their origins, their transformation in different contexts over time, and their final adaptation to their various present biblical contexts. This approach uses literary and historical questions and techniques to distinguish different stages in the composition of the text and to relate these stages to specific social and intellectual contexts. Some recent contributions to the ongoing historical enterprise have been increasingly skeptical about the possibility of reconstructing the literary history of biblical texts or the history of which the texts speak. While all would probably agree that biblical narrative is a unique historical testimony to the intellectual and imaginative (and, less directly, social) world of its authors, the periods in which the authors lived and the narratives were composed remain in dispute. Where independent, contemporary documentation is lacking, there is no universally accepted criterion for deciding whether realistic narratives in the Bible are based on historical events or created out of the author’s (or the community’s) imagination.
Petitionary Narratives
Authors: Parker Simon B
Published: November 2023

Individual Israelites or Judeans, in difficulties that neither they nor their families could overcome, had recourse to other agents of relie£ Normally, they would turn first to the town elders, heads of families of the mishpāhâ. In some circumstances, however, these were not satisfactory avenues for assistance. Perhaps the local authorities had acted unjustly, taking advantage of their position to exploit those with limited resources or influence, or favoring the party under whom the aggrieved had suffered. Perhaps the local authorities had officially ruled against the injured party. Under such circumstances, those who had been wronged addressed a petition to a higher authority. During the monarchies, the final such authority was the king (2 Sam 15:2-6 and other passages to be reviewed shortly). Servants of the king and inhabitants of the capital city probably brought their cases directly to the king. The appointment of regional judges and of a supreme court apart from the king appears as an innovation at the end of the monarchy (in Deut 16:18; 17:8-9).
Stories of Military Campaigns
Authors: Parker Simon B
Published: November 2023

Warfare was probably an almost universal experience of the inhabitants of the Iron Age states of Syria-Palestine. Most adult males probably participated in at least one battle during their lifetimes. How much they spoke of their experiences or told the story of this or that battle or campaign we cannot know. But we may be sure that men would have found occasions and audiences for recounting their stories of memorable victories. Certainly kings and generals would have found a ready-made audience at court to hear accounts of their victories. Presumably these would be recounted in the garb of the characteristic royal ideology, presenting the king as the protege of his god. King, god, or both might be credited with military success, depending on the particular composition of the audience and the particular occasion.
Stories of Miraculous Deliverance from a Siege
Authors: Parker Simon B
Published: November 2023

The last refuge of a king losing a war or fleeing in battle and the first refuge of a king wishing to avoid a confrontation with a far superior army was the fortified city. Here a king determined not to submit to the power of another might hope to hold out until the besieging forces gave up or a relief force arrived. In general, the besieging forces had the advantage. They could move freely, plunder the neighboring countryside for provisions, and bring in reinforcements and might, by technique or ruse, break into the city or tempt the occupants out. By contrast, those inside the city had limited power to harass the attackers and could hold out only as long as they had food and water.
Selected Reports of the NAACP Secretary to the Board of Directors, 1920-1929
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

James Weldon Johnson would have been considered a successful man had he remained the principal of Stanton School in his hometown of Jacksonville, Florida. Destiny led him, however, to become the first African American to pass the Florida bar exam and to win international acclaim as a lyricist, poet, novelist, diplomat, and champion of human rights. When Johnson joined the staff of the NAACP in 1916, the organization lacked the power that comes from substantial and active memberships. Nevertheless, the Association had made great strides in its nine-year existence by effectively using agitation through mass meetings, as well as through newspapers, journals, and other print media. It was increasingly apparent that the NAACP faced an ireful table increase in relentless race prejudice and discrimination. The board of direc tors understood that the organization would wither on the vine unless it made more inroads into the black community, and this meant more branches. By now, only 70 branches had been formed and most of them were quiescent and in the North, with a total membership of 9,000. The NAACP’s meager yearly income was $14,000, a portion of which came from shriveling black membership dues.’ Chairman of the Board J. E. Spingarn set out to find the person who could turn the membership problem around. Reading James Weldon Johnson’s New York Age column, Spingarn was so impressed by Johnson’s well-crafted editorials and intellectual acumen that he convinced the board to hire him as field secretary and organizer.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of February 1926
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

Washington Segregation Case On January 8 the Washington Segregation Case was argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. Argument was made by Mr. Storey and Mr. Marshall. The other attorneys representing the Association were also present: Messrs. Spin garn, Stockton, Cobb, Davis, Lewis, and Schick. Defense Fund The American Fund for Public Service at its meeting on January 6 received the report of the Association’s Secretary on the Defense Fund and voted not only to pay over to the N.A.A.C.P. the $15,000 it had originally agreed to give if the Association raised $30,000 but an additional sum of $6,552.79, this latter sum.
Report of the Secretary for the Board Meeting of May 1926
Authors: Wilson Sondra Kathryn
Published: November 2023

The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill is still in the hands of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The National Office is doing everything possible to have the bill reported favorably. Senators Ernst of Kentucky, Harreld of Oklahoma, and Cummins of Iowa, all members of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, are candidates for reelection to the Senate; therefore, the National Office has requested the branches in these states to bring all pressure possible on them to have a favorable action on the Bill. Congressman Berger’s Bill: On April 16 an Anti-Lynching Bill was introduced in the House of Representatives by Representative Victor Berger. Newspaper dis patches state that in a statement Representative Berger assailed the Republican Party for failing to carry out its 1924 platform pledge to enact an anti-lynching law.