bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ℓp-Sphere Covering and Approximating Nuclear p-Norm
Authors: Guan Jiewen , He Simai , Jiang Bo , Li Zhening
Published: December 2024

The spectral p-norm and nuclear p-norm of matrices and tensors appear in various applications, albeit both are NP-hard to compute. The former sets a foundation of [Formula: see text]-sphere-constrained polynomial optimization problems, and the latter has been found in many rank minimization problems in machine learning. We study approximation algorithms of the tensor nuclear p-norm with an aim to establish the approximation bound matching the best one of its dual norm, the tensor spectral p-norm. Driven by the application of sphere covering to approximate both tensor spectral and nuclear norms ([Formula: see text]), we propose several types of hitting sets that approximately represent the [Formula: see text]-sphere with adjustable parameters for different levels of approximations and cardinalities, providing an independent toolbox for decision making on [Formula: see text]-spheres. Using the idea in robust optimization and second-order cone programming, we obtain the first polynomial-time algorithm with an [Formula: see text]-approximation bound for the computation of the matrix nuclear p-norm when [Formula: see text] is a rational, paving a way for applications in modeling with the matrix nuclear p-norm. These two new results enable us to propose various polynomial-time approximation algorithms for the computation of the tensor nuclear p-norm using tensor partitions, convex optimization, and duality theory, attaining the same approximation bound to the best one of the tensor spectral p-norms. Effective performance of the proposed algorithms for the tensor nuclear p-norm is shown by numerical implementations. We believe the ideas of [Formula: see text]-sphere covering with its applications in approximating nuclear p-norm would be useful for tackling optimization problems on other sets, such as the binary hypercube with its applications in graph theory and neural networks and the nonnegative sphere with its applications in copositive programming and nonnegative matrix factorization.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71825003, 72394360, 72394364, 72171141, 72192830, and 72192832], and the program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.
EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL E CIBERACESSIBILIDADE
Authors: De Almeida Wallace Carriço , Santos Edméa , Carvalho Felipe , Vinícius Dias de Menezes Marcos , Mariano Pimentel  , Lucía Maddalena Tania
Published: December 2024

v. 8 n. 4 (2024): Publicação contínua – Out./Nov.
PREVENÇÃO CONTRA ACIDENTES NA INDÚSTRIA: ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR DE RISCOS NA LIMPEZA EXTERNA DE SILO
Authors: Reis Ferreira da Silva Haslan Lucas , Martins Ferreira Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2024

O setor industrial é uma área de alta periculosidade, onde é essencial o apoio constante de ferramentas e normas regulamentadoras que assegurem a proteção dos colaboradores e do ambiente de trabalho. Dessa forma, o presente estudo aborda a utilização da Análise Preliminar de Riscos (APR) na prática de limpeza externa em um silo polimérico de uma empresa situada em Niterói, RJ, identificando seus perigos e classificando seus riscos. A metodologia adotada segue uma abordagem qualitativa com um propósito prático, buscando a coleta, análise e organização de informações a partir de dados observados. O levantamento realizado pela APR para a atividade de limpeza apontou a predominância de riscos considerados moderados, correspondendo a 50% dos perigos identificados. Os riscos relevantes representam 30%, enquanto os riscos triviais e toleráveis equivalem a 10% cada um. Após a identificação dos perigos, a planilha de análise preliminar de riscos determinou medidas de prevenção visando reduzir a ocorrência de acidentes futuros, além de conscientizar a empresa e os colaboradores sobre a importância de seguir os padrões recomendados de segurança individual e coletiva.
VISTORIA DE CASCO: IMPACTO DAS NORMAS NACIONAIS NA SEGURANÇA DE EMBARCAÇÕES FLUVIAIS
Authors: De Souza Lopes Tarcisio , dos Santos Matta Patrícia , De la Caridad Om Tapanes Neyda , Salazar Perez Rodolfo , Roque Oliveira da Silva Flaviane
Published: December 2024

O artigo explora as vistorias de casco e seu impacto na segurança das operações de navegação fluvial no Brasil, conforme regulado pelas NORMAMs (Normas da Autoridade Marítima). As vistorias são fundamentais para garantir a estabilidade, a integridade estrutural e a navegabilidade das embarcações fluviais, sendo essenciais para prevenir falhas que possam comprometer a segurança operacional. A análise aborda os principais tipos de vistorias (inicial, anual, intermediária e de renovação), detalhando os procedimentos necessários para a certificação de segurança da navegação (CSN). Além disso, o estudo enfatiza a importância de uma fiscalização rigorosa e o impacto econômico das vistorias na prevenção de acidentes e na manutenção da eficiência operacional das embarcações. O artigo também sugere a criação de um programa de incentivo à manutenção preventiva, com foco no fortalecimento da segurança e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico, além de destacar a necessidade de inovação tecnológica, como o uso de sensores de desgaste e inteligência artificial, para aprimorar os processos de inspeção e garantir a eficácia das vistorias.
Assessment, diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease emergencies
Authors: Alsararatee Hasan Hazim , Ojo Oluwadamilola
Published: December 2024

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) and Crohn's disease (CD) can present as medical emergencies that require immediate and coordinated care due to the risk of significant morbidity and mortality. This clinical review explores the assessment and management of inflammatory bowel disease emergencies, including ASUC, toxic megacolon, massive haemorrhage, intra-abdominal abscesses, and bowel obstruction. The review highlights the critical importance of prompt diagnosis, patient-centred care, and the integration of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in managing these complex cases. It also outlines the clinical approaches, necessary investigations, and both medical and surgical management strategies essential for optimising patient outcomes. The review emphasises the need for healthcare professionals to be equipped with the knowledge and confidence to manage these emergencies effectively, thus enhancing patient care and safety. This article does not aim to explore UC and CD in their entirety but rather aims to focus on the acute emergencies associated with these conditions.
Efficacy of acute intermittent hypoxia in improving the motor and respiratory functions of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hendawy Ahmed , Mortada Hossam , Gomaa Ahmed , Abdelhamed Ahmed Ibrahim , Elfeky Amr , Elshennawy Shorouk
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims

Spinal cord injury affects individuals’ mobility, balance and respiratory functions. Acute intermittent hypoxia is a novel intervention that is reported to have positive effects on neuroplasticity and synaptic transmission in individuals with spinal cord injury, which may result in positive effects on motor functions of individuals with spinal cord injury. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence of the safety and efficacy of acute intermittent hypoxia on spinal plasticity, walking performance, balance, breathing function and hand use in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Methods

Five databases were searched from inception until 7 February 2024 for randomised trials investigating the effects of acute intermittent hypoxia on motor functions in spinal cord injuries. After checking the retrieved trials against the eligibility criteria, a risk of bias assessment using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was conducted by two authors independently. In addition, data extraction was conducted by two authors independently, which included the study design, participants’ characteristics, intervention characteristics, outcome measures and results.

Results

The systematic search retrieved 1120 records, of which only 11 studies were included in the analysis. Nine of the included studies were randomised crossover trials, while two were randomised controlled trials. Acute intermittent hypoxia may have a significant effect on walking performance (ie speed and endurance, ankle strength, dynamic balance, hand strength and function, breathing functions and corticospinal function), but not on intralimb motor coordination, static balance and muscle activity.

Conclusions

Despite the high risk of bias, small sample sizes, high heterogeneity and inconsistency of the results across the included studies, acute intermittent hypoxia may be a valuable intervention in addressing spinal cord injury motor deficiencies. Larger and well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to reach a definitive conclusion regarding its efficacy.

Implications for practice

Acute intermittent hypoxia could be considered with caution for inclusion in the management plan for individuals with spinal cord injuries who are aiming for immediate and short-term motor improvement.
The appropriate technique for blood pressure measurement in healthy geriatric cats using an automatic oscillometric device
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand, Chin-on Athicom , Charoenchai Kamonwan ,   Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok Veterinary Teaching Hospita,. Chonburi 20110, Thailand,   -, Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol ,   Suan Luang Veterinary Pet Hospital, Siri Rat, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
Published: December 2024

Currently, the popularity of owning cats is increasing, together with improvements in diet, management, and veterinary specialism. The population of older cats has accordingly increased markedly. There are several health problems that accompany aging, such as degenerative diseases and cardiopulmonary disorders. Hypertension is the most common clinical sign that has been found in aging cats. Therefore, early screening for hypertension is necessary to prevent disease progression. However, cats are sensitive and are likely to develop mental stress during the measurement procedure, so an appropriate technique is required. The experiment was performed in 60 healthy elderly cats, whereby each cat was randomly assigned to one of the two trial groups. There were two groups in the experiment: 1) the cuff was placed on the forelimb at all times and the blood pressure was measured at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes, and 2) the cuff was placed after waiting to rest at 30 and 60 minutes, followed by blood pressure measurement using the automatic oscillometric device. The results showed that blood pressure measurement at 15 minutes while placing the forelimb cuff at all times provided appropriate clinical reliability. Thus, this procedure could be used for hypertension screening in geriatric cats
Effect of rice bran oil supplementation on milk composition, milk-free fatty acids and metabolic health status in dairy cows during mid-stage lactation
Authors:   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Mae Hia, Muang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Vinitchaikul Paramintra , Srigerm Korawan ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Piapuk Jate ,   Animal Health Development, Phetchabun Provincial Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Nai Mueang, Mueang, Phetchabun 67000, Thailand, Arjin Chaiwat ,   Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: December 2024

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the benefits of rice bran oil (RBO) supplementation in the dairy cow’s diet. Six crossbred Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were randomly assigned into a double 3 x 3 Latin square design. Three dietary treatments were applied as a basal diet (control), 2% and 4% RBO supplementation. The feeding trial was divided into three periods and each lasting four weeks. Feed samples were collected in each period. Milk composite samples were taken seven consecutive days during the fourth week. Free fatty acid milk samples were collected on the final day in each period. Blood samples for metabolic health and total antioxidant (TAS) status were collected at the end of third and fourth week in each period. The results revealed that supplementing with RBO had a significant (P<0.05) increased in milk protein and solid not fat. Moreover, there was a higher level (P<0.05) of oleic acid (C18:1-cis(n-9)) and may increase a proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2-cis(n-6)). Trend toward a decrease (P=0.10) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was found. In addition, RBO supplementation was no significant (P>0.05) effect on metabolic profiles and TAS level. In summary, supplementation of RBO in dairy cow’s diet increased milk protein and solid not fat, while increase oleic acid (C18:1-cis(n-9)) level and might be a trend to decrease BUN levels. Supplemented with RBO up to 4% of dry matter intake have no negative effects on the metabolic health status of dairy cows. Although, RBO did not improve the antioxidant status.
The antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus originated from intensively farmed white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Ben Tre and Soc Trang provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Vinh Long University of Technology Education, Vinh Long City 89000, Vietnam, Cao Thi Quach Van , Trung Nguyen Bao ,   College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 90000, Vietnam, Thanh Dung Tu ,   College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 90000, Vietnam
Published: December 2024

The antibiotic resistance of bacteria in aquaculture is a concern for many scientists around the world. Both aquatic animals and humans were able to infect Vibrio parahaemolyticus, leading to economic losses for the aquaculture sector worldwide. Therefore, the goal of this research is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), in white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) intensively farmed in Ben Tre and Soc Trang provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The antibiotic susceptibility of 32 strains of V. parahaemolyticus to 12 antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. The findings revealed that V. parahaemolyticus isolates are highly sensitive to flumequine (94%), florfenicol (88%), ceftazidime (82%), rifampicin (76%), ciprofloxacin (74%), tetracycline (74%), and doxycycline (68%). Meanwhile, these isolates are highly resistant to amoxicillin (88%), colistin (72%), and cephalexin (66%). In addition, most bacterial strains in the study showed multidrug resistance (resistant to at least 3 antibiotics), of which V. parahaemolyticus bacterial strains resistant to 3 antibiotics account for the highest percentage (34%), followed by 4 antibiotics (19%), resistance to 5 antibiotics accounted for 16%, and the lowest rate was resistance to 7 antibiotics (3%).
The Use of Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Use in Poultry Farming in Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study Among Different Types of Farmers
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Animal Sciences Institute, PARC-National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan, Rasheed Muhammad , Chaisowwong Warangkhana ,   Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chiang Mai University Thailand, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Centre for Asia Pacific, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand, Ong-artborirak Parichat ,   Department of Research and Medical Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand, Thongprachum Aksara ,   Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University
Published: December 2024

WHO's Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Pakistan's National Action Plan on AMR, aimed to phase out the Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs) in livestock farming. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine antimicrobial use (AMU) patterns among 386 poultry farms and investigate the association between farming types and AMU patterns in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Islamabad Capital Territory province in Pakistan. A questionnaire-based survey revealed that all participants were male, the majority belonged to the middle-income group (46.9%) and a significant proportion was university-educated (39.4%). Extensive use of the Highest Priority CIAs, including enrofloxacin (72.3%), colistin sulfate (61.9%), and tilmicosin (36.3%) was observed. High Priority CIAs, including amoxicillin, gentamycin, and neomycin, were used by 48.4%, 28.2%, and 36.3% of farms, respectively. A chi-square test showed a significant association between farming types and AMU patterns (p<0.05), except for aminoglycosides and doxycycline. Breeders showed the highest antimicrobial usage frequency, while backyard farmers tended to use them infrequently. Broiler and layer farmers occupied intermediary positions between these two extremes. Among various farming, broilers exhibited the highest prevalence of preventive AMU (47.8%). Breeders exhibited the lowest frequency of either combination therapy or whole flock treatment when few got sick at 22.2% and 44.4%, respectively. Our findings showed extensive CIA utilization in poultry farming. These findings could guide the phasing out process of HtP-CIAs in poultry, and potentially other food animals in Pakistan and policy making
Multistakeholder’s knowledge, attitudes and practices on poultry zoonoses in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte, Philippines
Authors:   College of Veterinary Medicine, Visayas State University, Quilicot Ana Marquiza
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to determine the level of knowledge, practices and attitudes (KAP) on poultry zoonoses among poultry meat and egg retailers, consumers, and smallhold poultry raisers in Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces and identify the factors associated with the KAP scores of the study population. A survey was participated by 451 stakeholders composed of 153 poultry product consumers, 128 poultry raisers, 124 poultry raiser-retailers and 46 retailers. The KAP questions were about poultry zoonoses signs, prevention, control and treatment. Information on respondent’s age, gender, educational attainment, employment and sources of information concerning poultry zoonoses were also gathered to determine its association with the KAP scores of the respondents. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors associated with the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of stakeholders on poultry zoonoses. The stakeholders have a moderate knowledge level with high attitudes and practices. Knowledge scores tends to be lower in males (β=-0.599, p=.027) and among non-poultry raiser groups (retailer-consumer [β=-6.382, p=.001] and consumer [β=-5.797, p<.001]). Attitude scores tend to be higher among consumers (β=6.013, p=.004). Practice scores tend to decrease with respondents who are single (β=-3.105, p=.017). There is a significant positive association between knowledge with attitude (β=6.572, p=.030) and practice (β=2.010, p<.001) scores. Despite the current levels of attitude and practices among stakeholders, there is still a need to enhance knowledge levels among stakeholders to correct misconceptions and improve attitudes and practices concerning poultry zoonoses.
A Dual Smart Camera for Crop Water Stress Identification
Authors: Casanova Joaquin , O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Campbell Colin
Published: December 2024

Highlights

A combined thermal and color imaging system was developed and tested at two sites.

An imaging algorithm segments color images into soil, residue, vegetation, and snow components.

The component temperatures are extracted and could permit assessment of crop thermal/water stress.

Abstract. Understanding heat and water stress on field crops is an increasingly important consideration in management decisions. For irrigated crops, detection of crop water stress can be used to regulate irrigation scheduling. In dryland cropping systems, knowing which cultivars are prone to heat stress can help detect drought tolerant cultivars and disambiguate other sources of stress, such as nutrient deficiencies. In either case, surface temperature measurements can act as an indicator of crop water stress, but methods like infrared thermometry give a mix of crop and soil temperatures that may be sunlit or shaded. We present a design for an inexpensive color/thermal imager which extracts surface specific temperatures using image segmentation. The device was tested at two sites in different cropping systems (Pullman, Washington and Bushland, Texas) and measured the temperatures of soil, residue, vegetation, and snow, under both shadowed and sunlit conditions. A multilayer artificial neural network was optimized and trained to segment images, using image features, including three different color spaces, and three different texture features, all applied at three different scales. The trained model had accuracies (correctly labeled pixels over all pixels) of 0.8902 for an initial prototype with lower resolution images, and 0.8797 for a higher-resolution version. Segmented components had surface temperatures that indicate shadow was cooler than sunlit portions, vegetation was cooler than soil, and residue was hotter than soil, all as expected. Keywords: Heat stress, Machine vision, Sensors, Thermometry.
On level sets of norm of generalized resolvent of operators pencils
Authors: Mansouri Mohammed Abderrazak , Khellaf Ammar , Guebbai Hamza
Published: December 2024

We prove that the generalized resolvent operator defined in a Hilbert space cannot remain constant on any open subset of the resolvent set. Under certain conditions we also prove the same result for a complex uniformly convex Banach space. These results extend the known ones.
Estimates for torsional rigidity of convex domain via new geometric characteristics
Authors: Gafiyatullina L I , Salahudinov Rustem Gumerovich
Published: December 2024

We introduce new geometric characteristics of a convex domain with finite boundary length and provide an algorithm for calculating them. A series of isoperimetric inequalities between new functionals and known integral characteristics of the domain are proved. Some of the inequalities have a wide class of extremal domains. We consider applications of new characteristics to the problem on estimating the torsional rigidity of a convex domain.
To question on embedding of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces
Authors: Napalkov Valerii Valentinovich , Nuyatov Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

In this work we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for embedding of one reproducing kernel Hilbert space into another reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The paper is a continuation of works by the authors, in which the problem on coincidence or equivalence of two reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces was studied. An important role is played by the consistence condition of two complete systems of functions with some linear continuous operator introduced by the authors before. The obtained results are demonstrated by particular examples.
Reconstruction of potential of discontinuous Sturm - Liouville operator from spectral data
Authors: Akcay Ozge
Published: December 2024

We deal with the inverse spectral problem of the discontinuous Sturm - Liouville operator. The aim is we to determine the potential $q(x)$ and the boundary constant $h$ by a given spectral data. We provide the algorithm for reconstructing the potential $q(x)$ from the spectral data.
Construction of exact solutions of nonlinear PDE via dressing chain in 3D
Authors: Habibullin Ismagil Talgatovich , Khakimova Aigul Rinatovna
Published: December 2024

The duality between a class of the Davey - Stewartson type coupled systems and a class of two - dimensional Toda type lattices is discussed. A new coupled system related to the recently found lattice is presented. A method for eliminating nonlocalities in coupled systems by virtue of special finite reductions of the lattices is suggested. An original algorithm for constructing explicit solutions of the coupled systems based on the finite reduction of the corresponding lattice is proposed. Some new solutions for coupled systems related to the Volterra lattice are presented as illustrative examples.
Embedding theorems for subspaces in spaces of fast decaying functions
Authors: Musin Ildar Khamitovich
Published: December 2024

By means of the family ${\mathfrak M} = \{{M_{\nu}}\}_{\nu=1}^{\infty}$ of separately radial convex functions $M_{\nu}: {\mathbb{R}}^n \to {\mathbb{R}}$ we define the space $GS({\mathfrak M})$ of type $W_M$, which is a natural generalization of the space $W_M$ introduced in works by B.L. Gurevich, I.M. Gelfand, and G.E. Shilov. By a certain rule, each function $M_{\nu}$ is associated with a non - negative separately radial convex function $h_{\nu}$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. The properties of the functions $h_{\nu}$ allows one to form, by the family ${\mathcal H} = \{{h_{\nu}}\}_{\nu=1}^{\infty}$, the space ${\mathbb S}_{\mathcal H}$, which is the inner inductive limit of countably - normed spaces ${\mathbb S}(h_{\nu})$ of the functions $f \in C^{\infty}({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ with the finite norms $$ \| f \|_{m, \nu} = \sup_{x \in {\mathbb{R}}^n, \beta \in {\mathbb{Z}}_+^n, \atop \alpha \in {\mathbb{Z}}_+^n: \| \alpha \| \le m} \frac {\| x^{\beta}(D^{\alpha}f)(x) \|}{\beta! e^{-h_{\nu}(\beta)}}, \qquad m \in {\mathbb{Z}}_+ . $$ We consider the problem on finding conditions on ${\mathfrak M}$, which ensure continuous embedding of the spaces $GS({\mathfrak M})$ and ${\mathbb S}_{\mathcal H}$ one to the other.
Ethnicity/caste and child anthropometric outcomes in India using the National Family Heath Survey 2015–16 and 2019–21
Authors: Pandey Sakshi , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Araki Tetsuya
Published: December 2024

Socioeconomic inequalities are known to negatively impact anthropometric outcomes among children, particularly in developing countries. This study, therefore, assesses the gap in anthropometric outcomes of children 6–59 months along the ethnicity-based social groups in India using the National Family Heath Survey 2015–16 and 2019–21. The paper utilizes logistic regression models, the exogenous switching treatment effect regression (ESTER) model, and the Blinder-Oaxaca Model to disentangle the role of ethnicity (referred to as caste in India) in influencing child anthropometric outcomes while accounting for socio/economic factors. Approximately 35% of children in the sample were stunted and 20% wasted. Result indicates that despite the progress made in reducing child undernutrition between the two survey periods, there is a higher risk of chronic growth faltering (stunting) and underweight in socially disadvantageous groups, and these ethnicity-based disparities exist independent of education and household economic status. To improve children’s nutritional status, India needs to develop new nutrition strategies prioritizing double-duty action due to the persistence of undernutrition and rising overweight/obesity among children. The study suggests a need for a distinguished understanding of the underlying causes of chronic and acute forms of malnourishment, and separate interventions are required to reduce the disparities among disadvantaged groups, particularly in tribal communities.
Association of COVID-19-related perceptions and experiences with depression and anxiety in Ugandan caregivers of young children with malaria and iron deficiency: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Park Saeun , Bangirana Paul , Mupere Ezekiel , Baluku Reagan I. , Helgeson Erika S. , Cusick Sarah E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Caregivers of young children may have been particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to its negative impacts on their housing, finances, and childcare demands. This study explored the associations between COVID-19-related experiences and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Ugandan caregivers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 100 Ugandan caregivers of young children aged 6–59 months with uncomplicated malaria and iron deficiency (N = 85) and without malaria or anemia (N = 15) who were enrolled in the Optimizing Iron Status in Malaria-Endemic Areas (OptiM) study. Sociodemographic data and COVID-19 experiences were collected using an internally developed survey and symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-20) scale. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between COVID-19 survey scores with HSCL-25 or CESD-20 scores.

Results

Nearly half of caregivers reported clinically meaningful symptoms of depression (46%) and/or anxiety (49%). Caregivers had more severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety if they experienced greater changes in living situations or decreases in physical activity (CESD-20: β = 3.35, 95% CI [1.00, 5.70], p = .01), food insecurity (HSCL-25: β = 3.25, 95% CI [0.41, 6.10], p = .03, CESD-25: β = 3.09, 95% CI [0.79, 5.39], p = .01), and domestic violence (HSCL-25: β = 3.82, 95% CI [0.94, 6.70], p = .01) during COVID-19. These associations did not vary depending on whether the caregivers had children with malaria.

Conclusions

Negative COVID-19 experiences were significantly associated with more severe depression and anxiety in Ugandan caregivers, regardless of their children’s malaria status. Urgent attention and action are needed to support the mental well-being of this vulnerable population. Further prospective studies should investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 on caregivers and their children.
Radiomics-based machine learning for automated detection of Pneumothorax in CT scans
Authors: Alimiri Dehbaghi Hanieh , Khoshgard Karim , Sharini Hamid , Jafari Khairabadi Samira , Naleini Farhad
Published: December 2024

The increasing complexity of diagnostic imaging often leads to misinterpretations and diagnostic errors, particularly in critical conditions such as pneumothorax. This study addresses the pressing need for improved diagnostic accuracy in CT scans by developing an intelligent model that leverages radiomics features and machine learning techniques. By enhancing the detection of pneumothorax, this research aims to mitigate diagnostic errors and accelerate the process of image interpretation, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Data used in this study was extracted from the medical records of 175 patients with suspected pneumothorax. The collected images were preprocessed in Matlab software. Radiomics features were extracted from each image and finally, the machine learning models were implemented on these features. The used machine learning algorithms are Gradient Tree Boosting (GBM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light GBM. To evaluate the performance of models, various evaluation criteria such as precision, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1 score, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC), and misclassification were calculated. According to the calculated evaluation criteria, in terms of accuracy, the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 98.97%, followed closely by the XGBoost model at 98.29%. For precision, the GBM model outperformed the other models, recording a precision value of 99.55%. Regarding sensitivity, all three models—GBM, XGBoost, and LightGBM (LGBM)—demonstrated strong performance, with sensitivity values of 99%, 99%, and 100%, respectively, indicating minimal variation among them. The artificial intelligence models used in this study have significant potential to enhance patient care by supporting radiologists and other clinicians in the diagnosis of pneumothorax. These models can facilitate the prioritization of positive cases, expedite evaluations, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
What motivates students to engage as global citizens?
Authors: Sherman Paul , Ahmed Safa , Rodrigues Ashley
Published: December 2024

This article reports on research that investigated motivational factors for students to take prosocial actions that align with their global citizen identity. Comparing university and high school students from Canada and Japan who self-identified as global citizens with those who did not, the study found that global citizen students were more highly influenced by their normative environment, had greater global awareness, more strongly endorsed prosocial values and behaviours and were more significantly engaged in global citizenship activities than their non-global citizenship identity counterparts. Students were less likely to be motivated to engage in global citizenship activities by influences from the media and entertainment industries and more likely to be inspired by family, friends, classmates and other global citizens. These findings have relevance for global citizenship educators looking to develop curricula that can motivate their students to transform their knowledge about global citizenship into active engagement as a global citizen.
The behavioural intention of student teachers for online learning after the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey
Authors: Sundararasan T.
Published: December 2024

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education has recently undergone a rapid digitalization, necessitating the simultaneous adoption of several technologies by educators for online learning and instruction. This study will build a model that predicts student teachers’ extensive technology acceptance by extending the technology acceptance model (TAM) with their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and innovativeness. The survey (N = 870) will be used to collect the data for this study. The TAM has been shown to be a useful instrument for tracking the uptake of new technologies across a range of fields, including education. TAM, however, has been primarily used to gauge user acceptance of a certain technology deployment. With the development of numerous technologies, this study has expanded TAM to measure student teachers’ technology-enabled practice. The suggested model explains the behavioural purpose of student teachers to teach online. Our research identified the interrelated influences of TPACK, perceived utility (PU) and innovation on teachers’ behaviour and intention to teach online following the epidemic. In addition, the study found that student teachers’ TPACK and PU were significantly predicted by their training and institutional support. This study’s model conceptualization, which combines elements based on personal competence – including TPACK and innovativeness and information technology-based constructs – is original. Additionally, our work adds to the growing body of research on student teachers’ use of online instruction in the post-pandemic age.
Alterações no grafismo televisual no Jornal nacional: atualizações nas tipologias baseadas em características emergentes
Authors: Fontes Ana Juliana
Published: December 2024

Com as constantes mudanças advindas da inovação tecnológica e novas formas de produção de notícias, o Jornal Nacional passou por algumas alterações, sejam em suas rotinas, no cenário, na imersividade, na influência do jornalismo multitelas, entre outros. Essas mudanças possivelmente também refletiram no seu grafismo televisual (recursos gráficos utilizados para compor a narrativa). O artigo tem como objetivo comparar e verificar tais características nesses recursos, avaliando edições do telejornal no ano de 2024 por meio de uma análise de conteúdo. Com o estudo seria possível identificar o que poderia influenciar em sua composição e a necessidade de atualização de suas tipologias e usos.
Percepções de influenciadoras digitais sobre o comportamento do consumidor de moda em Lages/SC
Authors: Barros Camila Ataide , Bona Rafael José , Bronnemann Márcia Regina
Published: December 2024

O objetivo do artigo é examinar como as influenciadoras digitais de Lages/SC percebem o comportamento dos consumidores de moda na cidade. Os objetivos específicos incluem identificar o perfil dos consumidores de moda na cidade com base nas influências digitais; discutir a aceitação de marcas locais pelo público, conforme percebido pelas influenciadoras; e avaliar a relação dos consumidores de Lages com o mercado de moda de luxo. A pesquisa, classificada como exploratória e descritiva, possui uma abordagem qualitativa e é conduzida por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com três influenciadoras de moda de Lages. Os resultados foram submetidos a uma análise detalhada e discussão, concluindo que a temática moda ainda não é considerada significativa pelos consumidores de Lages, devido à escassez de marcas locais, falta de influenciadores abordando o tema e ausência de cursos na área.
Panorama atual do podcasting no Brasil em obra de Marcelo Kischinhevsky
Authors: Santos Carlos Roberto Praxedes dos
Published: December 2024

Lançado em setembro de 2024, durante o 47º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação (Intercom 2024), realizado no campus da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, em Balneário Camboriú (SC), o livro Cultura do Podcast: configurações do rádio expandido, do professor da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Marcelo Kischinhevsky, traz um panorama completo sobre o desenvolvimento do podcast no Brasil nos 20 anos de existência desta tecnologia.
A relação trabalho- educação: um olhar para o estudante-trabalhador do IF Sudeste MG- Campus Barbacena
Authors: Lucena Manuela Belo , Castro Paulo Sérgio David de , Miranda Paula Reis de
Published: December 2024

Em uma sociedade em permanente reestruturação produtiva, na qual os avanços científicos e tecnológicos impõem mudanças significativas no mundo do trabalho, a formação do trabalhador nos espaços formais de ensino, em especial na educação profissional e tecnológica, deve possibilitar sua inclusão no contexto social, político, cultural e de trabalho de forma digna e emancipatória. Nesse sentido, o estudo aqui proposto teve o objetivo de traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos estudantes-trabalhadores dos cursos técnicos subsequentes do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais- Campus Barbacena e identificar as avenças e paradoxos que envolvem a relação trabalho e educação desses estudantes. Tratou-se de um estudo de natureza exploratória e descritiva, de cunho quantiqualitativo, caracterizando-se como estudo de caso. Em sua realização foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados a 72 estudantes-trabalhadores dos cursos subsequentes do Campus Barbacena. Os resultados da investigação revelaram que a maioria desses estudantes-trabalhadores são jovens mulheres inseridas em atividades informais do setor terciário e que exercem profissões de baixo status social equivalente a de seus pais, embora possuam um nível de escolaridade maior. Acredita-se que esses estudantes-trabalhadores ainda vivenciam em instituições de ensino de qualidade a histórica dualidade educacional que é reproduzida cotidianamente pela sociedade e o fato de terem que relacionar trabalho e educação se impõe como mais um desafio.
Ler-escrever gêneros discursivos acadêmicos na formação inicial docente: um desafio para o ensino superior
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssica do Nascimento , Vieira Danuse Pereira
Published: December 2024

Este ensaio apresenta reflexões de um grupo de professoras/es pesquisadoras/es que, mediante uso de formas variadas de registro em ações de ensino e extensão promovidas pelo Laboratório de Letramentos Acadêmicos (LabLA/UFF), tem coletado relatos de participantes acerca das práticas de ler-escrever gêneros discursivos da esfera acadêmica, reconhecidos como sustentáculos da formação para a práxis educativa. Dessa forma, defende-se a tese segundo a qual essas práticas docentes de ler-escrever na universidade têm se distanciado do uso da linguagem como prática social na/da construção discente e eixo formativo indispensável para a docência, o que conduz à problematização: qual é o papel de professores universitárias/os pesquisadoras/es no trabalho com a insuficiente proficiência de graduandas/os e de professoras/es da educação básica durante suas performances de leitura/escrita na esfera acadêmica? Partindo da perspectiva dialógica, discursiva e histórica da linguagem, intenciona-se discutir os eixos ler-escrever gêneros discursivos acadêmicos na formação docente cujo ensino é parte fundamental do trabalho de professoras/es universitárias/os. Como considerações finais, reitera-se que a comunidade discursiva acadêmica e, mormente, o docente do ensino superior são responsáveis por propiciar às/aos estudantes práticas de letramento em que o ensinar-aprender pela pesquisa para o trabalho docente seja central, com ênfase no processo de orientação como trabalho de formação de professoras/es para a educação básica, sem prescindir do entendimento do processo de fazer pesquisa, da parcialidade nas ciências, da história da divisão social do trabalho docente para (re)conhecer e (re)criar sua função na sociedade e da necessidade de (re)encontro entre fazeres científicos e pedagógicos na práxis docente.
Educação e literatura infantil: personagens idosos com Alzheimer
Authors: Todaro Monica de Avila , Cachioni Meire
Published: December 2024

O cenário brasileiro de envelhecimento populacional leva a mudanças nos padrões de morbimortalidade, com o crescimento de doenças neurodegenerativas. Dos vários tipos de demência apresentados pela população idosa, a Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é a principal deles. O objetivo do presente estudo é levantar, apresentar e analisar obras de literatura destinadas às crianças, publicadas no Brasil, que tratam do tema “Alzheimer”. Trata-se de uma pesquisa na qual os livros infantis foram utilizados como fontes primárias, ou seja, compuseram o corpus empírico da investigação. O quadro teórico é composto por Vygotsky (1989), Soares (2004) e Neri (1991;1997). A amostra foi constituída por dezesseis livros publicados entre 2006 e 2020. A análise foi feita à luz da Escala Neri. Os resultados indicaram que as obras analisadas destacam as relações intergeracionais e que os domínios (cognitivo, agência, relacionamento social e persona) estão presentes nos textos. A partir das reflexões sobre a complexa relação entre o sujeito e o objeto mediada por artefatos usados como ferramentas e como forma de expressão, concluiu-se que ensinar as crianças a lerem, com criticidade, um mundo que envelhece, com vistas ao exercício da alteridade, é algo potente quando se pensa em geroalfabetizar, na perspectiva de uma educação para o envelhecimento.
Constituição identitária de surdos na educação infantil: diálogos entre estudos surdos e sociologia da infância
Authors: Tebet Gabriela Guarnieri de Campos , Nascimento Lilian Cristine Ribeiro , Silva Mirian Lourdes Ferreira dos Santos , Alves Raquel Domingos
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo articular discussões do campo da Sociologia da Infância sobre Culturas de Pares e discussões do campo dos Estudos Surdos sobre a criança surda e a constituição da Identidade Surda. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas, e de uma perspectiva de pensar a educação como prática de diferença, este artigo reúne elementos dos dois campos para dialogar sobre a constituição da identidade da criança surda e a constituição de grupos de pares. Quem seriam os pares das crianças surdas em escolas comuns? A discussão realizada oferece subsídios para pensarmos o currículo e a formação de professores para a educação de crianças surdas na educação infantil.
A pesquisa em história da educação na perspectiva da história cultural
Authors: Morais Gandin Rudá , Marisa Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni
Published: December 2024

Este artigo se dirige aos recém-chegados ao campo da pesquisa em história da educação na perspectiva da história cultural, e objetiva proporcionar aos seus futuros pesquisadores uma aproximação com os objetos, debates, teorias e autores que frequentemente se encontram nas teses, dissertações e artigos científicos que se destinam, sobretudo, ao estudo acerca do processo de desenvolvimento histórico da educação. Para tanto, este artigo se apoia em autores como Le Goff, Bloch, Constantino, Anjos e Nunes. Adotou-se como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados da Scielo e do portal de periódicos da CAPES, além de livros dos autores mencionados, a respeito da pesquisa em história e em história da educação na perspectiva da história cultural. Aponta-se, nas considerações finais, que o trabalho do pesquisador em história da educação, além de se preocupar com as datas e o desenvolvimento dos episódios políticos, econômicos e sociais no transcorrer da história, para não incorrer em anacronismo, deve tomar como objeto de suas análises os eventos educacionais, sem incorrer na generalização dos seus objetos de estudo, uma vez que o papel do historiador parece decorrer da construção lenta e parcial dos episódios sucedidos no passado, considerando as diferenças dos sujeitos e épocas nas quais cada momento aconteceu.
Formação empreendedora: a nova demanda do capital para o ensino superior
Authors: Silva da Costa Evanilde , Edilene dos Santos Ribeiro Maria
Published: December 2024

Este artigo surge a partir da pesquisa que investiga a função social da universidade pública e a disseminação da cultura empreendedora na Universidade Federal do Pará. Tem como objetivo analisar o discurso da formação para o empreendedorismo nas universidades, pelo Serviço Social de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas que vêm se expandindo, sobretudo no atual governo de Jair Messias Bolsonaro. Para tanto, evidencia a relação entre o crescimento do empreendedorismo no Brasil e as reformas neoliberais que implicam no aumento do desemprego e desmonte das leis trabalhistas. Metodologicamente, as análises centram-se nas intencionalidades presentes no conteúdo da palestra Empreendedorismo em Dois Tempos, do Programa Nacional de Educação Empreendedora (PNEE), do Serviço Social de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas, buscando responder às questões norteadoras: Como é estruturada a palestra? Apresenta que concepção de empreendedorismo? Como resultados detectou-se que a palestra é divida em uma parte conceitual, seguida de orientações sobre como ser um empreendedor, além de um tópico explicativo sobre o empreendedorismo corporativo, de negócio e o social. Identificamos, de maneira implícita, a presença de ideias com sentidos de responsabilização individual, liberdade e adaptação, comumente presente no discurso do empreendedorismo.