bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a consensus on dyslexia: findings from a Delphi study
Authors: Carroll Julia M. , Holden Caroline , Kirby Philip , Thompson Paul A. , Snowling Margaret J. ,   the Dyslexia Delphi Panel
Published: February 2025

Background

Dyslexia is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. There have been many definitions over the past century, and debate continues as to how dyslexia should be defined. This debate contributes to confusion and misinformation. We move beyond the debate by establishing areas of consensus among a wide range of experts.

Methods

We conducted a Delphi study with a panel of dyslexia experts, including academics, specialist teachers, educational psychologists, and individuals with dyslexia, asking them for their views on a set of key statements about dyslexia. We carried out two survey rounds, in each case accepting statements with greater than 80% consensus and reviewing and revising other statements using feedback from the expert panel. This was followed by discussion with a subset of the panel around a few statements with marginal consensus.

Results

Forty‐two statements were ultimately accepted. In the current paper we review those statements that pertain to a definition of dyslexia, demonstrate how they align with the research literature, and build on previous definitions of dyslexia.

Conclusions

There was considerable consensus in our expert panel that dyslexia is a difficulty in reading and spelling, associated with multiple factors, and that it frequently co‐occurs with other developmental disorders. It was agreed that difficulties in reading fluency and spelling are key markers of dyslexia across different ages and languages. We conclude with a proposed new definition of dyslexia.
Protozoan Co‐Infection Drives Fish Mortality Event in Crete's Karteros River
Authors: Katharios Pantelis , Karageorgou Evangelia
Published: February 2025

In August 2024, a significant fish kill involving hundreds of flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was reported in the delta region of the Karteros River, Crete, Greece. The investigation identified the primary cause of mortality as severe parasitic infections, specifically from the protozoan parasites Amyloodinium ocellatum and Trichodina sp., both of which heavily affected the gills of the fish. Concurrently, poor water quality in the area, likely due to reduced water volume and limited water renewal, created favourable conditions for parasite proliferation while weakening the fish's natural defences. This event raised concerns due to the location of the fish kill in the Karteros River delta, a highly protected area designated as a small island wetland.
Upregulation of FMRP Is Involved in Neuropathic Pain by Regulating GluN2B Activation in Rat Spinal Cord
Authors: Chen Lei , Guo Xuejiao , Zhang Long , Li Yunze , Zhou Li , Zhao Jinsong , Luo Yujia , Hu Yanling , Chen Xiaowei , Kang Xianhui , Fang Xiangming , Feng Zhiying
Published: February 2025

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) has been proposed to play a potential role in the pathogenesis of autonomy and nociceptive paresthesia. However, the involvement of spinal FMRP in neuropathic pain remains unexplored. Using a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI), our investigation demonstrated an upregulation of FMRP at 3, 7, and 14 days post‐CCI operation in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Immunofluorescence staining revealed predominant FMRP expression in spinal neurons, which colocalized with Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B (GluN2B). The Co‐immunoprecipitation results suggested an interaction between spinal FMRP and GluN2B. Genetic knockout of the Fmr1 gene or transient interference with the FMRP protein alleviated CCI‐induced pain hypersensitivity and suppressed the increase in spinal GluN2B expression. Conversely, intrathecal administration of the GluN2B‐specific inhibitor Ifenprodil significantly suppressed the CCI‐induced increase in spinal FMRP expression. In conclusion, our findings highlight the pivotal role of spinal FMRP in developing neuropathic pain and modulating GluN2B levels within the SDH. Furthermore, our results suggest a reciprocal regulatory relationship, indicating that GluN2B may also influence FMRP expression. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain, suggesting the potential for therapeutic intervention targeting the FMRP‐GluN2B axis in pain management.

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The Central Role of Learning in Preventing Foot Complications in Persons With Diabetes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Björk Kristofer , Andersson Susanne , Hellstrand Tang Ulla , Eriksson Henrik
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite a variety of literature reviews, there is limited understanding of the learning strategies healthcare professionals use to help patients adopt and maintain effective foot care practices.

Aim

To explore learning processes and educational strategies for persons with diabetes focusing on foot care and examine how different learning processes influence these strategies.

Method

The scoping review followed the methodological framework established by Arksey and O'Malley and refined by Levac et al. Additionally, the PRISMA‐ScR checklist was followed. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Academic Search Premier databases, using specific search terms related to diabetic foot care and learning strategies. The selection process involved screening 906 articles based on inclusion criteria such as relevance to diabetic foot care, learning processes, and educational strategies, and excluded studies that were not written in English. The data were charted and quantitative and qualitative data were synthesised and thematically analysed to identify key learning strategies.

Results

The analysis identified two main themes: learning insights for comprehensive understanding and self‐efficacy, and increased practical knowledge leads to improved footcare. Subthemes included integrative and reflective learning, motivational and collaborative learning, task‐oriented and procedural learning, and feedback and reinforcement‐based learning.

Conclusion

Effective diabetic foot care education should be multifaceted, incorporating deep learning, practical skills, and motivational elements. Early learning plays a central role in this process. Tailoring educational interventions to personal learning styles and providing continuous support can significantly improve patients' foot care outcomes. A framework for understanding the progressive stages of patient learning and self‐management is presented as a starting point. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating educational models that address diverse learning needs, ultimately contributing to better management and prevention of diabetic foot complications.
Detaching From the Nine‐to‐Five: How Retirement and Genetics Are Related to Chronotype
Authors: Landvreugd Anne , Gordijn Marijke , Nivard Michel , Bartels Meike
Published: February 2025

Our sleep–wake rhythm is determined by the interaction of our work–life balance, that is, the ‘social clock’, and our biological clock. After retirement, the social restrictions generally loosen up, possibly giving more room for our genetic predispositions to regulate the sleep–wake rhythm. In this study, we investigated shifts in wake‐up times and chronotypes during employment and retirement. We used data from 20,189 participants from the Netherlands Twin Register. We applied a mixed‐effects model to test whether the type of day (working day or non‐working day) is a predictor of wake‐up time in early birds and late risers. Next, we performed a regression to assess the prevalence of chronotypes in employees and retirees. Then, we tested whether the two groups differed in their wake‐up times on working days and non‐working days using quantile regression. Finally, we used polygenic scores for morningness to predict the variance in chronotype in employees and retirees. Both early and late risers have later wake‐up times on non‐working days compared to working days. Employment status was not a predictor of chronotype, but rather of wake‐up time on working days. The effect of the polygenic score for morningness on chronotype did not depend on employment status. Our study showed that the social clock influences wake‐up time on working days, but not chronotype, making chronotype a relatively stable trait. Additionally, the social clock does not suppress the genetic predisposition for chronotype. These analyses enhance our understanding of how both society and genetics influence our chronotype and sleep–wake rhythm.
Overcoming Ploidy Barriers: The Role of Triploid Bridges in the Genetic Introgression of Cardamine amara
Authors: Bartolić P. , Voltrová A. , Macková L. , Šrámková G. , Šlenker M. , Mandáková T. , Padilla García N. , Marhold K. , Kolář F.
Published: February 2025

Polyploidisation is a significant reproductive barrier, yet genetic evidence indicates that interploidy admixture is more common than previously thought. Theoretical models and controlled crosses support the ‘triploid bridge’ hypothesis, proposing that hybrids of intermediate ploidy facilitate gene flow. However, comprehensive evidence combining experimental and genetic data from natural mixed‐ploidy species is missing. Here, we investigated the rates and directionality of gene flow within a diploid‐autotetraploid contact zone of Cardamine amara, a species with abundant natural triploids. We cytotyped over 400 individuals in the field, conducted reciprocal interploidy crosses, and inferred gene flow based on genome‐wide sequencing of 84 individuals. Triploids represent a conspicuous entity in mixed‐ploidy populations (5%), yet only part of them arose through interploidy hybridisation. Despite being rarely formed, triploid hybrids can backcross with their parental cytotypes, producing viable offspring that are often euploid (in 42% of cases). In correspondence, D‐statistics and coalescent simulations documented a significant genome‐wide signal of bidirectional gene flow in sympatric but not allopatric populations. Triploids, though rare, thus seem to play a key role in overcoming polyploidy‐related reproductive barriers in C. amara. In sum, we present integrative evidence for interploidy gene flow mediated by a triploid bridge in natural populations.
Introduction: What are pretty words?
Authors: Syvertsen Jennifer , McMullin Juliet
Published: February 2025

Funding agencies and institutions are increasingly requiring researchers to involve communities and make their work more broadly accessible. The problem is that researchers new to health equity research, and sometimes even people who have engaged in this work for a while, may not sufficiently appreciate the challenges and systemic institutional transformations that must occur to achieve equity. To make pretty words meaningful requires a return to the transformative power and potential that was originally imbued in the concept of equity. The implementation of pretty words as a process that requires a relational framework and a commitment beyond ink on paper is central to our intervention. This special section of Annals of Anthropological Practice opens up a critical dialogue about “pretty words,” or concepts like “community‐engaged research” and “diversity” that win grants and check the boxes for inclusion, but risk becoming hollow without ongoing conversations between researchers and communities. As anthropologists who study health, we are both skeptical and appreciative of the “pretty words” that characterize our efforts toward developing interdisciplinary research that seeks to build equity and address community health concerns. The power of pretty words can only be activated through reflection that leads to action, but this requires a commitment beyond the institutional expectations and individual rewards of research as usual. The essays in this special section cover diverse topics, but all are conjoined in their pursuit of not just critiquing pretty words, but outlining meaningful ways forward to reclaim the radical potential embedded in these concepts.
A Case of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome With a Complement Factor I Mutation Triggered by a Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Kano Toshiki , Io Hiroaki , Sasaki Yu , Muto Masahiro , Muto Sayaka , Ogiwara Kei , Ikeda Arisa , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: February 2025

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by the abnormal activation of the alternative complement pathway. Mutations in complement‐related genes and autoantibodies against complement regulators are involved in the pathogenesis of this condition; the frequency of, and prognosis of patients harbouring, each genetic mutation varies based on the region and race. Complement factor I (CFI) mutations have been observed in 4%–8% of cases in Europe; however, they have not yet been reported in Japan. We present the first Japanese case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient harbouring a CFI mutation. An 83‐year‐old female patient presented with severe acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anaemia following a femoral neck fracture. Plasma exchange and haemodialysis were initiated, resulting in improved kidney function and platelet count. However, the platelet count decreased when plasma exchange was discontinued. Therefore, we administered ravulizumab, an anti‐complement 5 monoclonal antibody, which led to the maintenance of stable kidney function and platelet count. Genetic analysis revealed a CFI mutation, and the patient was treated with ravulizumab for 2 years without relapse. Individuals diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome harbouring CFI mutations experience poor outcomes, including low rates of remission, high rates of mortality, and progression to end‐stage kidney disease. Our case serves as a crucial example demonstrating how prompt identification and appropriate management can lead to better patient outcomes.
Prognostic models for unplanned intensive care unit readmission risk prediction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis based on HSROC model
Authors: Hu Huiling , Li Jiashuai , Ge Hui , Wu Bilin , Feng Tingting , Wu Xue , Wu Xuanna
Published: February 2025

Background

Intensive care unit (ICU) readmission is a critical factor in determining discharge timing and transitional care and is predicted by various models using different approaches. A systematic review is needed to assess the performance and applicability of these models.

Aim

To identify prognostic models for unplanned ICU readmission and compare the performance of machine learning models with scoring systems.

Study Design

This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We searched 11 databases up to August 21, 2024 for cohort studies on ICU readmission prediction models. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool assessed model applicability and risk of bias, and meta‐analysis was performed using the Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve model in Stata 16.0.

Results

Of 2150 articles, 67 were included, describing 335 models and 67 scoring systems. Common predictors included mechanical ventilation, age, blood pressure, gender and heart rate. The meta‐analysis of 199 models showed pooled sensitivities of 0.607 for scoring systems and 0.711 for machine learning models, with specificities of 0.699 and 0.899, respectively. Deep learning models had higher sensitivity (0.745) but lower specificity (0.709). All studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusions

Machine learning outperformed scoring systems but ignored clinical notes. Including unstructured text could improve predictions. Models need external validation to ensure reliability across institutions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Models for ICU readmission prediction will aid critical care nurses in identifying high‐risk patients and prioritizing post‐ICU care needs. This can support nurse‐led interventions, improve patient safety and optimize resource allocation for transitional care.
A novel peptide encoded by a rice circular RNA confers broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice plants
Authors: Pan Xin , Xu Sipei , Cao Gehui , Chen Siping , Zhang Tong , Yang Burton B. , Zhou Guohui , Yang Xin
Published: February 2025

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a significant class of endogenous RNAs that exert crucial biological functions in human and animal systems, but little is currently understood regarding their roles in plants.

Here, we identified a circRNA originating from the back‐splicing of exon 4 and exon 5 of a rice gene, OsWRKY9, and named it circ‐WRKY9. It is upregulated in rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV)‐infected rice plants. Notably, circ‐WRKY9 contains two open reading frames with an internal ribosome entry site. We found that circ‐WRKY9 encoded a peptide of 88 amino acids (aa) and named it WRKY9‐88aa.

Overexpression of WRKY9‐88aa suppresses RSMV infection in rice plants, with increased reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, WRKY9‐88aa enhances resistance to blast disease and bacterial leaf blight, suggesting its potential to provide broad‐spectrum disease resistance.

Our findings provide the first evidence of a peptide encoded by a circRNA in planta and highlight its potential application to control a wide spectrum of plant diseases.
Use of Fluid Gelatin in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Undergoing Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yan Hao , Gao Mei , Zhang Yu , Wang Huaibin , Zhu Yushan , Zhou Tiangang , Yao Ruzhan , Liu Weiqiang , Li‐Ling Jesse
Published: February 2025

Objectives

In patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) undergoing unilateral biportal endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (UBE‐ULBD), damage to the epidural venous plexus often leads to bleeding, increasing the risk of surgical complications. Surgiflo Hemostatic Matrix (SHM) is a gelatin extracted from porcine skin, used for intraoperative hemostasis. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using SHM during UBE‐ULBD surgery.

Methods

From October 2023 to July 2024, a total of 96 patients with LSS underwent UBE‐ULBD surgery. These 96 patients were randomly divided into two groups: the SHM group (48 patients, using flowable gelatin) and the non‐SHM group (48 patients, not using flowable gelatin). The primary outcomes included intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and the 3‐min hemostasis success rate. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic postoperative epidural hematoma (SPEH), surgical time, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and complications. We used independent sample t‐tests to compare continuous data, and chi‐square tests or Fisher's exact tests to analyze categorical data.

Results

The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in the SHM group were significantly less than those in the non‐SHM group (p < 0.05), and the 3‐min hemostasis success rate in the SHM group was significantly higher than that in the non‐SHM group (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding SPEH, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and complications such as thrombosis formation and allergic reactions. However, the surgical time in the SHM group was significantly shorter than that in the non‐SHM group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

When patients with LSS undergo UBE‐ULBD, the use of fluid gelatin can effectively reduce intraoperative and postoperative bleeding without introducing additional complications.
Reconstruction at the meso level: Rebuilding everyday life in post‐conflict Malakand, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Syed Rashid , Sanaullah  , Ahmad Nizar , Gardner Peter
Published: February 2025

Meso‐level institutions are integral to everyday life but are often overlooked in post‐civil war rebuilding efforts. This study, based on a qualitative dataset of 27 interviews and 11 focus groups conducted in Malakand Division, Pakistan, reveals that many of the institutions that are vital to local stakeholders have been neglected in the region's reconstruction efforts. In addition to considerable loss of life, the conflict between the Taliban and Pakistan's armed forces caused extensive damage not only to physical infrastructure but also to a range of less formalized aspects of Pashtun society. Our findings suggest that prioritizing meso‐level institutional rebuilding is essential for restoring community relationships, trust, and resilience and so could enhance the effectiveness of post‐conflict reconstruction strategies.
Extinction Rebellion: A Case Study of Nonviolent Climate Activism
Authors: Robertson Camden
Published: February 2025

Climate activists around the world have taken specific, strategic, yet varied approaches to demanding action from opponents who are either directly harming the environment or refusing to take sufficient action against our climate crisis. This case study of Extinction Rebellion (XR) seeks to situate the organization in the context of existing and historical climate movements as well as theory on nonviolent political resistance. Specifically, this research will utilize a mixed‐methods approach, including ethnographic data and interviews, to understand Extinction Rebellion's application of nonviolent climate activism in New York City. Research findings exist at the intersection of literature on nonviolent resistance and literature on climate activism. This analysis will likewise rely on an understanding of power that dismisses its existence as inherent or unchanging, but instead sees power as reliant on specific, tangible sources that can be targeted by activists looking to demand change. I argue that Extinction Rebellion and their use of nonviolent direct action invites reflection on the human capacity to resist forces of social, economic, and political power and demand action in the face of crisis. This research will offer a critical perspective on the use of violence in achieving political objectives and will respond to an increasing demand for guidance in navigating the role of emotions in climate activism.
Kidney Transplantation in Children and Adolescents With C3 Glomerulopathy or Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: An International Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Patry Christian , Webb Nicholas J. A. , Meier Matthias , Pape Lars , Fichtner Alexander , Höcker Britta , Tönshoff Burkhard
Published: February 2025

Background

Approximately 50% of patients with chronic kidney disease due to C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) or primary immune‐complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC‐MPGN) will require dialysis and/or kidney transplantation (KTx) within the first 10 years of disease onset. Currently, there are no guidelines regarding the indications for KTx or post‐transplant management.

Methods

We therefore initiated an international online survey via Survey Monkey on C3G and IC‐MPGN in children with CKD stage 5. All KTx centers of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) were invited to participate in the survey, which was conducted from August 23 to November 25, 2023.

Results

Sixty‐five (63%) of the centers (n = 103) participated. Twenty‐six percent had made at least one decision against living donation for a child with C3G or IC‐MPGN. The main reason for 88.2% of these decisions was concern about the recurrence of the underlying disease in any potential transplant. Eighty‐eight percent indicated deceased donation as an option; 12% decided not to proceed with transplantation at all. Regarding KTx decision‐making or management, none of them referred to an existing recommendation by any national or regional guideline. For the recurrence of C3G or IC‐MPGN post‐transplant, eculizumab treatment was suggested by 60% of respondents.

Conclusion

This survey shows a considerable reluctance of pediatric nephrologists to list patients with CKD stage 5 due to C3G or IC‐MPGN for living donor kidney transplantation. This decision is mainly based on the fear of recurrence of the underlying disease combined with the lack of reliable treatment options. This limited access of affected patients to the best treatment option for kidney failure requires further action.
The Country‐Product‐Dummy Method With Product‐Specific Spatial Price Variation
Authors: von Auer Ludwig , Weinand Sebastian
Published: February 2025

The present paper shows that product‐specific spatial price variation usually causes the Country‐Product‐Dummy (CPD) method to be biased. In cases where it is not, the CPD method is still inefficient and statistical inference is invalid. The paper develops a non‐linear generalization of the CPD method. Even for product‐specific spatial price variation, this NLCPD method remains unbiased and allows for inference. A comprehensive simulation reveals that the NLCPD method's root mean squared error is smaller than that of the Gini‐Eltetö‐Köves‐Szulc (GEKS) index and the CPD method. Finally, this paper applies the NLCPD method to spatial price information derived from Germany's consumer price index micro data of 2019. Price levels of the 401 German districts are computed.
Characteristics of immune response and pathogen tissue dissemination during progressive Treponema pallidum infection: Insights from humanized mice
Authors: Zheng Ya‐Wen , Zheng Xin‐Qi , Guo Yin‐Feng , Xie Jia‐Wen , Wang Mao , Xu Qiu‐Yan , Zhu Xiao‐Zhen , Lin Li‐Rong
Published: February 2025

Characterizing the immune response and pathogen tissue dissemination during progressive Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection in the human is crucial for comprehending syphilis but it remains poorly understood, due to the unethical nature of inoculating volunteers with T. pallidum. An urgent new model is needed to study this issue. A human haematopoietic stem cell (Hu‐HSC) mice model of syphilis was constructed through inoculation with T. pallidum. Blood and tissue samples were collected at serial time points (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days post‐infection) to analyse changes in the immune response and the presence of T. pallidum polA DNA and mRNA in the Hu‐HSC mice. Treponema pallidum increased the percentage of helper T cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cells and induced the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the Hu‐HSC mice, with a pattern of increasing and then decreasing response. However, there were no significant changes in the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells. Treponema pallidum polA DNA was detected in various organs such as the liver and spleen, indicating the dissemination of T. pallidum in the tissues. Furthermore, these organs were found to maintain the activity of T. pallidum through the detection of T. pallidum polA mRNA. These results suggested that Treponema pallidum induced the Th1 and Th2 immune response and disseminated in tissues in Hu‐HSC mice. This study can provide a basis for future in vivo research on syphilis using the Hu‐HSC mouse model and offer new references for explaining the pathogenesis of human syphilis.
Frictions around rendering technical: Land disputes over climate change mitigation projects in Suau, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Pascoe Sophie , Sanders Anna
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on how land and trees are ‘rendered technical’ in Suau, Papua New Guinea through the Central Suau Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Pilot Project and Save the Forest conservation projects. These climate change mitigation interventions apply tools—such as Incorporated Land Groups, maps, and satellite imagery—to make environments measurable and valuable, thereby generating ‘frictions’ between different ways of being and knowing. Through ethnographic accounts of land disputes, we highlight how these tools conflict with the ways that people in Suau relate to and look after their environments. As processes of rendering technical work to recognise and exclude certain forest uses and users, this produces frictions that impact on local livelihoods and matrilineal land tenure systems. Employing the concepts of rendering technical and friction together provides a situated framework for extending attention from distributional and procedural elements of land disputes to consider ethical and ontological layers.
The thylakoid lumen Deg1 protease affects non‐photochemical quenching via the levels of violaxanthin de‐epoxidase and PsbS
Authors: Aviv‐Sharon Elinor , Sultan Laure D. , Naveh Leah , Kupervaser Meital , Reich Ziv , Charuvi Dana , Adam Zach
Published: February 2025

Non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), the dissipation of excess light energy as heat, has been long recognized as a major protective mechanism that minimizes the potential for oxidative damage to photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers. Two major positive contributors to NPQ are the carotenoid zeaxanthin, generated from violaxanthin by the enzyme violaxanthin de‐epoxidase (VDE or NPQ1), and the thylakoid protein PsbS (NPQ4). The involvement of the lumenal Deg proteases in the repair of PSII from photoinhibition prompted us to further explore their possible role in other responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to high light. Here we show that upon exposure to high light, the single deg1 and the triple deg158 mutants display different levels and kinetics of NPQ, compared with the deg58 mutant and WT that behave alike. In response to high light, the two genotypes lacking Deg1 overaccumulate NPQ1 and NPQ4. After temporal inhibition of protein translation in vivo, the level of these two proteins in deg1 is higher than in WT. Together, the results suggest that Deg1 represents a new level of regulation of the NPQ process through adjusting the quantity of NPQ1 and NPQ4 proteins, probably through their proteolysis.
Effect of Changes in Canine Thyroid Cancer Terminology on Caregiver Anxiety Levels and Treatment Preferences in a Scenario‐Based Study
Authors: Glasspool Bryanna M. , Blackwood Laura , Bowlt Blacklock Kelly L.
Published: February 2025

In human medicine, the choice of medical terminology influences patients' choice of management options and associated anxiety levels in relation to their diagnoses. The objective of this study was to determine the association between canine caregiver's treatment choices and anxiety levels when papillary thyroid cancer is described with or without the term cancer. This randomised cross‐sectional study surveyed 683 people over 18 years old over 8.5 months. Respondents ranked their treatment preference (total thyroidectomy, active surveillance, medical therapy, or radiation therapy) following a scenario‐based diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), thyroid papillary lesion (TPL) or abnormal cells (AC) in their canine pet. Respondents stated their level of anxiety associated with the diagnosis and treatment choice. Of 683 respondents, 622 (91.7%) were female. When presented with a diagnosis of PTC, TPL or AC, 78.1%, 34.2% and 59.3% of participants, respectively, reported being anxious or very anxious about this diagnosis (p < 0.01). Surgery was chosen as a first‐choice treatment for PTC, TPL and AC by 71.8%, 39.8% and 53.8% of respondents, respectively, whereas active surveillance was chosen as a first‐choice treatment by 24.5%, 57.5% and 43.9% of respondents, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in first‐choice treatment selection (p < 0.01) and anxiety levels related to treatment (p < 0.01) between the three different terms. The terminology used when presenting caregivers with a diagnosis of PTC influences treatment choices and levels of anxiety.
A maximum surgical blood ordering schedule: Does it add value?
Authors: Benzil Deborah L. , Auron Moises , Otrock Zaher K. , Lallo Daniel , Flowers Noreen , Cummings Kenneth , Quraishy NurJehan , Tolich Deborah
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives

Implementing and complying with a maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) is challenging but essential to avoid waste and reduce costs. MSBOS helps manage blood product scarcity and healthcare expenditure by avoiding unnecessary pre‐transfusion testing and preparation, reducing product waste and improving clinical and operational efficiencies while maintaining patient safety.

Materials and Methods

A multi‐hospital health system in Ohio and Florida performing more than 200,000 surgeries annually implemented MSBOS through a risk‐stratified protocol and electronic medical record automation.

Results

The first‐year analysis included 107,149 cases in 23 surgical specialties and 18 hospitals. Compliance with MSBOS improved over time, reducing type and screen tests by 4166 and saving $223,839 in costs. No patient safety issues were identified.

Conclusion

This project demonstrates that adopting MSBOS in a large health system adds value by reducing unnecessary testing and costs while maintaining patient safety.
In vivo effects of cold therapy and bandaging on core temperatures of equine superficial and deep digital flexor tendons
Authors: McCarthy Robert D. , Ordóñez Heather J. , Semevolos Stacy A.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To compare core temperatures of superficial and deep digital flexor tendons (SDFT, DDFT) during application of a compression cooling system versus ice boots and during subsequent lower limb bandaging.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

Paired forelimbs of six sedated horses.

Methods

Thermocouples were placed in the core of SDFT and DDFT of both front limbs of each horse. A compression cooling system was applied to one front limb and an ice boot was applied to the other front limb for 60 min and then removed for 60 min. Standing bandages were then applied to both front limbs for 60 min and removed. A random coefficient regression model was fitted for cold therapy data and two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to compare treatment effects of time and cold therapy method (p ≤ .05).

Results

The compression cooling system resulted in greater drop in core temperatures from baseline of both tendons than ice boots (p = .04) (decreased by 10.8 ± 4.0°C SDFT, 9.8 ± 3.6°C DDFT in compression cooling system limbs; 7.5 ± 3.1°C SDFT, 6.5 ± 2.4°C DDFT in ice boot limbs). Standing bandages significantly increased core temperatures of the SDFT (4.1° ± 2.7) and DDFT (3.7° ± 2.5) from baseline during the treatment period (p < .0001).

Conclusion

The compression cooling system provided superior cooling of the SDFT and DDFT than ice boots, when applied to normal horses in an experimental setting. Bandaging increased flexor tendon temperatures but remained within physiological limits.

Clinical significance

The compression cooling system is recommended rather than ice boots for more rapid and consistent cooling of tendons.
Robust, Tough Yet Strong Dual-Material Structures: Optimization, Experimentation, and Temperature-induced Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior
Authors: Da Daicong , Shu Xin
Published: February 2025

Fracture, akin to light, electricity, and magnetism, is an ever-present phenomenon. Counteracting fracture through effective design techniques has emerged as a distinct technology, gaining momentum alongside the rapid progress in additive manufacturing and computational design methodologies. We present advancements in fracture resistance of architected dual-material structures through simulations, optimization, and experiments. Our approach achieves a remarkable 120-fold enhancement in toughness modulus, surpassing constituent materials in brittle fracture. We analyze the interplay between design, material selection, and fracture behavior, enabling robust architectures. This work contributes to fracture-resistant design and has promising engineering implications.
Why is ultrasound needed in inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Petersen Frauke , Höpfner Michael Höpfner , Jenssen Christian , Nürnberg Dieter , Strobel Deike , Vogelpohl Johanna , Dietrich Christoph F
Published: February 2025

Intestinal ultrasound had been performed in several countries for more than 30 years, but for a longer period had been inthe hands of few experts. With new evidence showing that the method is accurate and has excellent performance especially intreatment monitoring and detection of complications of IBD, there is a growing interest in performing this method by thosephysicians who care for IBD patients in in- and outpatient settings. The authors are convinced that intestinal ultrasound is helping to reduce radiation exposure and enables fast and less expensive decision-making by taking patients’ needs into account. This paper series contains three parts. This first part summarizes guideline recommendations on the use of ultrasound in IBD, describes the typical findings that can be obtained at the point of care without advanced ultrasound technologies and helps tostandardize documentation. The second part will provide an overview on actual ultrasound-activity-scores in IBD and report about advanced multimodal ultrasound modalities and endoscopic and interventional ultrasound. These modalities should be provided by specialized IBD centers. The third part will enhance a wider overview of treatment control, mural and extramural disease complications as well as extraintestinal manifestations. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed, with an outlook how to optimize implementation in the future.
Four new species representing three genera of Aturidae (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Hainan, P. R. China
Authors: Jia Lan , Li Hai-Tao , Guo Jian-Jun
Published: February 2025

Four new species, Albia (Albiella) qionghaiensis Jia & Guo sp. nov., Albia (Spinalbia) purpurea Jia & Guo sp. nov., Brachypoda neorubidata Jia & Guo sp. nov., and Neoaxonopsalbia (Lankaxonopsalbia) megaseta Jia & Guo sp. nov. are described and illustrated in detail, which were collected from Hainan Province, P. R. China, representing three genera Albia Thon, 1899, Brachypoda Lebert, 1879, and Neoaxonopsalbia Cook, 1966, and the last two genera are newly recorded genera for the Chinese fauna.
Effects of Activity Modification With Weight-Bearing Exercises on Pain, Quality of Life, and Disability in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chopade Shamal , Mungikar Sanket , Katage Goutami , Garg Kapil , Wani Surendra
Published: February 2025

Background: Knee osteoarthritis poses a substantial public health challenge, characterized by escalating pain, physical limitations, and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and effects of activity modification paired with weight-bearing exercises on pain, quality of life, and disability in knee osteoarthritis patients. Considering the lack of established guidelines, especially in populations like India, our research seeks to address this gap and potentially enhance patient outcomes. Method: In this pilot randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The intervention group received activity modification and weight-bearing exercises alongside conventional physiotherapy, while the control group received conventional physiotherapy alone. We assessed primary outcomes using a numerical pain rating scale for pain and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version Scale for quality of life. Secondary outcomes included disability, evaluated through the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and physical performance assessed with the 30-second sit-to-stand test. Result: Among the 30 participants, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in pain during activity (P = .002), pain at rest (P = .010), and all domains of quality of life. Moreover, the intervention group displayed substantial enhancements in disability (P = .001) and physical function (P =< .001). Conclusion: This study showcased the feasibility and beneficial outcomes resulting from the synergistic approach of combined activity modification and weight-bearing exercises, leading to reduced pain and disability, and substantial improvements in both quality of life, and physical performance for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Formation of free-floating planetary mass objects via circumstellar disk encounters
Authors: Fu Zhihao , Deng Hongping , Lin Douglas N. C. , Mayer Lucio
Published: February 2025

The origin of planetary mass objects (PMOs) wandering in young star clusters remains enigmatic, especially when they come in pairs. They could represent the lowest-mass object formed via molecular cloud collapse or high-mass planets ejected from their host stars. However, neither theory fully accounts for their abundance and multiplicity. Here, we show via hydrodynamic simulations that free-floating PMOs have a unique formation channel via the fragmentation of tidal bridges between encountering circumstellar disks. This process can be highly productive in dense clusters like Trapezium forming metal-poor PMOs with disks. Free-floating multiple PMOs also naturally emerge when neighboring PMOs are caught by their mutual gravity. PMOs may thus form a distinct population that is fundamentally different from stars and planets.
Congenital maxillomandibular fusion (type Id syngnathia) associated with bilateral hemimelia and apodia
Authors: George Johnson Akkarapatty , Kumar Saurabh , Charlu Arun Paul , Koshy Santosh
Published: February 2025

Congenital fusion of jaws is a very rare disorder, with very few cases found in the literature, s since it was first reported 88 years ago. A case with type Id syngnathia with congenital bilateral hemimelia and apodia is presented in this report. The challenges in the diagnosis and management of the patient, along with the postoperative recovery, are discussed in this report.
Recurrent CT perfusion imaging abnormalities in a patient with bow hunter’s syndrome
Authors: Park Peter SW , Cordato Dennis , Cheung Andrew , Darwish Balsam , O’Neill Daniel TD
Published: February 2025

Bow hunter’s syndrome is a rare syndrome of dynamic compression of the vertebral artery leading to recurrent posterior circulation stroke and/or transient ischaemic attack. The artery is compressed by the transverse process of a cervical vertebra or other structures. We describe a man in his 20s who had recurrent posterior circulation strokes confirmed on CT perfusion imaging before a dynamic left vertebral artery stenosis was found on neck manoeuvres during digital subtraction angiography. A diagnosis of bow hunter’s syndrome was made. As conservative management had failed, the patient had surgical resection of the large occipital condylar bony spur, which was causing the compression. There has been no further recurrence since surgery at 12 months. Bow hunter’s syndrome is a rare disorder that requires a high index of suspicion in patients with recurrent symptoms. The use of CT perfusion imaging can increase diagnostic certainty in the setting of bow hunter’s syndrome.
Timing of nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and implications for surveillance and survival
Authors: Lu Tracy , Anthony Casey , Jiang Xinyang , Ning Jing , Goepfert Ryan , Esmaeli Bita
Published: February 2025

Background/aims

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare cancer with periocular predilection. Studies focused on patterns and timing of nodal metastasis are scarce.

Our aim is to report patterns of regional nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid SC, including results of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).

Methods

All consecutive patients with eyelid SC treated during 1999–2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

All subjects had standard of care surgery for eyelid SC and regional lymph node evaluation using physical examination and ultrasonography (US) at baseline and during the surveillance period. 38 patients with negative findings on US had SLNB to rule out microscopic metastasis.

The frequency and timing of lymph node metastasis, the SLNB positivity rate, management of nodal metastasis, overall and disease-specific survival were analysed.

Results

A total of 138 patients were included. 30 patients (22%) had lymph node metastasis: 15 patients were diagnosed at the time of initial diagnosis of eyelid SC; 18 patients developed nodal metastasis during the follow-up period, at a median of 12 months (range, 1–132). Of 38 patients, 5 (13%) had a positive SLNB. Management of nodal metastasis entailed surgical resection of the involved nodal basins in 27 patients; 20 had adjuvant radiotherapy and 7 had adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation. In patients with nodal metastasis, the 2-year and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 87.5% and 75.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

One-half of the patients with eyelid SC with nodal metastasis had negative findings at initial presentation but developed nodal metastasis during follow-up, highlighting the importance of continued lymph node surveillance.
Is 9 months the sweet spot for male athletes to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
Authors: Kotsifaki Roula , King Enda , Bahr Roald , Whiteley Rod
Published: February 2025

Objective

Most studies examining the time to return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) do not account for the athlete’s physical readiness. This study aimed to investigate the status of male athletes at 2 years after ACLR, the factors affecting a return to pivoting sports, and the association between time to RTS and subsequent knee injury risk for those athletes who met discharge criteria.

Methods

We prospectively followed 530 male athletes (mean age 26.7±7.7 years) participating in pivoting sports throughout rehabilitation and at 2 years after ACLR. Pair-wise analyses were conducted to compare athletes who returned to pivoting sports and those who did not. We performed a Cox regression analysis to assess the association between subsequent non-contact or indirect contact knee injuries and time to RTS. Pearson’s χ2test was used to compare athletes who RTS in ≤9 months to those who RTS in >9 months after ACLR.

Results

In total, 379 (72%) athletes returned to pivoting sports at 2 years after ACLR. Athletes who completed rehabilitation and met discharge criteria (n=190) were almost 6 times more likely to return to their preinjury sport (OR 5.71; 95% CI 3.39 to 9.62). Of those who did not complete their rehabilitation (n=340), 132 (39%) did not return to pivoting sports. For athletes who met discharge criteria, time to RTS was not associated with the risk of new knee or ACL injury. There was no increased risk for new knee (HR 0.892, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.07, p=0.79) or ACL (HR 0.718, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.17, p=0.56) injury whether athletes returned before or after the 9-month mark following ACLR.

Conclusions

Completing rehabilitation and meeting objective criteria significantly increased the odds for male athletes to return to pivoting sports. Time to RTS did not impact the risk for a new knee or ACL injury if athletes met objective criteria.