bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF CARING FOR A CHILD WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ON STRESS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING OF PARENTS IN AL-MADINAH CITY, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Salman Almohammedi Yasser , Abed Almatrafi Mohammed , Mohammed Almutairi Rami , Abdulrahman Omar Noura , Mohammed Altaleb Mawaddah , Mohammed Alharbi Majed , Majdi Tolah Khalid , Farid Abualkhair Ahmed , Abdo Al-Dubai Sami
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with mental health impact for parents caring for an autistic child. Despite establishing centers for children with ASD and schools for their special education in Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of studies exploring the impact of ASD on parents. Therefore, a study assessed the impact of caring for a child with ASD on parental stress, emotional well-being, and associated factors in Al-Madinah City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on parents of children with ASD in schools and Autistic Centers in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia, using the Family Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Autism Parenting Stress Index (APSI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) tools. Results: Autism parenting mean stress, depression, and anxiety scores were 1.68Â± 0.88, 8.50Â± 4.10 and 10.35Â± 5.30, respectively. Autistic childrens impact on their parents was significantly positively correlated to parents stress (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), and anxiety (p<0.001). Parents anxiety was associated with the relationship with their autistic child (p=0.001). There was a significant association between nationality and depression among participants (p=0.032). Post hoc test showed that age of less than 15 years was significantly associated with parental anxiety (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), and stress (p=0.031), while age of less than 5 years was associated with the impact on a family (p=0.002). Having more than 5 children in the family was associated with parental anxiety (p=0.020), depression (p=0.025), and stress (p=0.032), and motherhood was associated with stress (p<0.001). Lastly, divorce was associated with childs impact on the family (p=0.019). Conclusion: Caring for children with ASD in Saudi Arabia significantly impacts the emotional well-being of parents and siblings, and the impact is influenced by factors such as the childs age, parent-child relationship, nationality, number of children, and marital status. Therefore, comprehensive support and policy initiatives should address this burden and ease the strain on parents caring for autistic children in Saudi Arabia.
Determination of Energy Consumption During The Tensile Test Sample Production in 3D Printer Working with The Fused Deposition Modeling Method
Authors: KAMER Muhammed Safa , TEMİZ Şemsettin , KAYA Ahmet
Published: August 2023

Today, 3-dimensional (3D) printers are developing increasingly, and rapid progress is being made to become an alternative to traditional production methods. 3D printers, which produce with the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method, commonly produce by using polymer materials in the form of filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm or 2.85 mm. This study, tensile test specimens were produced using PLA filaments of different diameters (1.75 mm and 2.85 mm) with two different 3D printers. The electricity consumption of 3D printers during the production of tensile test samples was measured. The energy consumed by both 3D printers in producing tensile test specimens was compared. Instead of simultaneously producing a single test sample, it has been determined that the power consumption per test sample will be reduced by producing many test samples together.
Ultrafiltration study of the polysulfone membrane modified with branched polyethyleneimine
Authors: Vala Smit , Gawali Sapna Ajay , Jampa Surendra Sasikumar , Sinha Manish Kumar , Khuntia Snigdha
Published: August 2023

This work discussed the fabrication of polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membranes with hydrophilic behaviour by adding branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) as an additive. By directly blending the base polymer and the additive in the organic solvent, the casting solution is prepared. An asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated by the phase inversion method. The presence of PEI was confirmed by comparing the IR spectra of the plain PSF membrane and the modified PSF membrane. A scanning electron microscope was used for the comparison of morphological changes in plain and modified membranes. The membrane was characterised with respect to bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, pure water flux, permeability, compaction factor, humic acid (HA) rejection, and water uptake. The fouling resistance behaviour is prompted due to the presence of hydrophilic PEI chains in the membrane. As a result, pure water flux and flux recovery ratio increased from 28.84 to 326.54 L/m2h and from 0.526 to 0.954 L/m2hkPa for the modified membrane with respect to the plain membrane, respectively.
Mulching effect on water management in agro-ecological systems: a review
Authors: Shaikh T. N. , Patel Janki R. , Patel B. H.
Published: August 2023

The rapidly growing world population, inadequate accessible freshwater resources, and frequent erratic changes in climate have stressed human beings and compelled them to take vital initiatives to prevent water wastage. Water conservation efforts are also intensified in the world's largest water-consuming agriculture sector. The water use efficiency in agronomy has already been enhanced by the adoption of the drip irrigation method, intended to supply water directly to the crop, rather than the land around, thereby minimising water losses up to 70% occurring through evaporation and distribution. Mulching in association with drip irrigation in arid crop agronomy leads to mitigating vigorously water stress in agriculture. Mulch is a layer of natural or synthetic or combination material applied to the surface of the soil as a protective medium between the soil and the atmosphere. Entirely, it is an efficient medium for soil moisture conservation, and soil temperature control, adds nutrients to the soil by preventing leaching and more efficient use of fertilisers, resistor to erosion losses, suppressing the weeding and improving the visual look of landscapes. This review paper covers various aspects of mulch, emerging as a dynamic water and soil management tool without affecting the value of crops in agriculture.
Simulation of current and future water demands using the WEAP model in the Annaba province, Northeastern Algeria: a case study
Authors: Berredjem Abdel Fatah , Boumaiza Ahlem , Hani Azzedine
Published: August 2023

The Annaba province in Algeria is currently facing significant challenges due to water shortages and intermittent water distribution. This study utilizes the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system to assess present and future water supply and demands in Annaba province, Algeria. Five scenarios, including a reference, climate change, desalination, leakage reduction, and water reuse, are evaluated. The analysis reveals that the region faces significant water shortages and intermittent distribution, with projected annual water demand reaching 148 Mm3 by 2070. Climate change amplifies the demand by 8%, resulting in a projected water demand of 151 Mm3 by 2070. The industrial sector exhibits the highest unmet water demand, while the domestic and agricultural sectors also face challenges. Alternative scenarios, such as water efficiency and desalination, offer potential for eliminating industrial unmet water demand. Scenario 5 (managed aquifer recharge) reduces industrial unmet water demands by 36% to 23 Mm3 by 2070, while scenario 4 (leakage reduction and water reuse) decreases unmet domestic demands to 24 Mm3. This study emphasizes the need for water management strategies including efficient water use, infrastructure investment, public education on conservation and reuse, and industry adoption of water-saving technologies. Overall, this study addresses the difficulties and challenges associated with water scarcity in Annaba province.
Multiple Sensory Impairments in Relation to Cognitive Function: Two
Nationwide Cross-sectional Studies
Authors: Wang Binghan , Chen Hui , Shen Jie , Zhong Wansi , Zheng Yan , Lou Min , Tong Lusha , Yuan Changzheng
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Sensory impairments (SIs, including visual, hearing, olfactory, and taste
impairments) have been individually associated with age-related cognitive function. Little is
known regarding their combined associations with cognitive function.

Methods:

We included 2,931 participants (mean age of 69.1 years) from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014) and 10,785 participants (mean age of 70.2
years) from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, 2021). Status of visual, hearing, olfactory,
and taste functions were self-reported in structured questionnaires. In NHANES, cognitive function
was objectively measured by a battery of tests, including memory, verbal fluency, and processing
speed. NHIS participants answered a single question about subjective cognitive complaints (SCC).
We used regression models to assess the relation of the total number and the individual sensory
impairments to z-scores of cognitive domains (linear regression) in NHANES and to SCC (logistic
regression) in NHIS.

Results:

A larger number of SI was related to poorer domain-specific cognitive function (all Ptrend
<0.05), including memory (beta each additional SI = -0.12, 95% confidence interval: -0.17 to -0.08),
verbal fluency (-0.05, -0.10 to -0.01), and processing speed (-0.13, -0.16 to -0.09). In NHIS, each
additional SI was related to 96% higher odds of SCC. We also observed independent associations
of sensory impairments (except olfactory impairment) with specific cognitive domains. In addition,
each individual SI was associated with higher odds of SCC (the odds ratios ranged from 1.30 to
1.78).

Conclusion:

A larger number of SI was related to worse cognitive function and higher odds of
SCC.
Predicting Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease and Behavioral Variant
Frontotemporal Dementia Using Algorithms with the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive
Examination-Revised Subscores Combined with Sociodemographic
Factors
Authors: Amaral-Carvalho Viviane , Bento Lima-Silva Thais , Inácio Mariano Luciano , de Souza Leonardo Cruz , Cerqueira Guimarães Henrique , Santoro Bahia Valeria , Nitrini Ricardo , Tonidandel  Barbosa Maira , Sanches Yassuda Mônica , Caramelli Paulo
Published: August 2023

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
(bvFTD) are important causes of dementia with challenging differential diagnoses in many cases.
Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) is a cognitive battery that may be useful
to differentiate the two disorders.

Objective:

The objectibe of this study is to investigate the value of the ACE-R combined with sociodemographic
factors in the differential diagnosis between AD and bvFTD.

Methods:

The ACE-R was administered to 102 patients with mild dementia due to probable AD,
37 with mild bvFTD, and 135 controls. Performances of patients and controls were analyzed by logistic
regression and by ROC curves to refine the diagnostic accuracy of the ACE-R in AD and
bvFTD.

Results:

The ACE-R subscores Attention and Orientation, Fluency, and Memory, in combination
with schooling differentiated AD from controls with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.936
(86% sensitivity and 87% specificity). The ACE-R subscores Attention and Orientation, Fluency,
and Language, in combination with sex (male), age, and schooling, discriminated bvFTD from controls
with an AUC of 0.908 (81% sensitivity and 95% specificity). In the differentiation between
AD and bvFTD, the ACE-R subscores Attention and Orientation, Fluency, and Language, together
with age, displayed an AUC of 0.865 (78% sensitivity and 85% specificity).

Conclusion:

The combination of ACE-R scores with sociodemographic data allowed good differentiation
between AD and bvFTD in the study sample.
WITHDRAWN: Phytochemical Study and Protective Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek Seeds) Methanolic Extract Underlying the
Mechanism of Action on Diabetic Nephropathy in Experimental Rats
Authors: Shivam  , Gupta Asheesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn from the journal Current Drug Therapy.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Introduction: Travel to Space in 21st Century
Authors: Minami Yoshinari , Takaaki Musha
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we describe the brief history of space travel by mankind, grand view of the Space Travel in 21st century regarding Solar system exploration and stellar system exploration, NASA research project, and also present the outlook of actualization technology for space travel.
Experiencias de encadenamientos en el sistema agroalimentario maíz-masa-tortilla. Región centro de Puebla
Authors: Escobedo Garrido José Sergio
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: estudiar la viabilidad de instalar el sistema agroalimentario maíz-masa-tortilla de maíz en la región centro de Puebla, con los productores de maíz como proveedores, con un grano mejorado que tiene atributos favorables para elaborar tortilla de calidad. Metodología: con entrevistas a productores de maíz e industriales de la tortilla y acompañamiento durante dos años de operaciones, se generó la información sobre este sistema. Se mapea el sistema con sus integrantes e interrelaciones, para estimar algunos indicadores económicos. Resultados: se encontraron encadenamientos y acuerdos entre los productores, los acopiadores y los industriales de la región, cuyo soporte es la comunicación y disponibilidad, que permitieron su funcionamiento como sistema. Valor: a partir de un grano blanco, resultado de la investigación in situ, homogéneo y con índice de conversión de 1.8, con una relación beneficio/costo positiva para productores e industriales, se instala el sistema. Limitaciones: es necesario ampliar la cobertura del estudio más allá del grupo de productores y de industriales en esta región de Puebla. Conclusiones: el interés común de los actores, la retroalimentación, comunicación y acuerdos, viabilizan el sistema agroalimentario en esta región.
Smart Cities and Urban Computing: Enhancing Sustainable Development in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Aadesh , Vomjan Chandan
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In this paper, we addressed the challenges of urbanization and how smart cities and urban computing provide effective solutions. We examined smart cities, their advantages, and their implementation in Nepal. This paper focuses on using institutional frameworks, human capital, and technology for sustainable urban settings with innovation and growth. IoT, data analytics, and other smart city elements enhance the quality of life, resource management, and job opportunities. Projects aim to enhance living standards, inclusivity, and empowerment. Case studies from Amsterdam, Barcelona, Helsinki, Vienna, and Oslo provide insights. The paper contributes to understanding smart city development in Nepal, offering guidance for policymakers and stakeholders, and highlighting transformative potential.
Convergent Divergent Nozzle Design and Analysis to Increase Working Effectiveness
Authors: Shalom N. , Rabin R. , Abinesh A. J. , EA Abi Sam , Roshan Aadith. B.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Our project's major goal is to develop and examine a Convergent- Divergent rocket nozzle in order to lower nozzle costs. Here, convergent divergent nozzle uses an alternative material. The design is based on earlier designs that served as a guide for our own. A nozzle is a crucial component that merits consideration in this era of expanding rocket propulsion for a variety of uses, including the launch of satellites into space or human missions. With this in mind, a fundamental design is created utilising the understanding of compressible flow, and the resulting thrust is estimated. use the layout established by hand computations. Utilising the ANSYS Fluent programme, the work is done in, the calculations and results are validated.
Design and Analysis of Battery Management System for Electrical Vehicles
Authors: Sravanthi G N , Rao K Srinivasa
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The quantity of pollution that is emitted into the atmosphere will only continue to climb as the number of people who drive automobiles powered by internal combustion engines continues to rise. To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, academics and companies on every continent are now focusing their attention on the research and development of more sophisticated technologies for electric cars. During this investigation, we are going to model and create a two-way power converter for electric automobiles. Batteries, a dc-dc converter, and a dc motor are just a few of the many diverse parts that make up the power electronics module. It is advised that the starting battery be charged to about 90% of its capacity before using the motor mode, which has a discharge current of 44.5 A. The battery stack has a maximum capacity of 100 ampere-hours, and its nominal voltage is 350 volts. This is the greatest amount of energy that it can store. Direct current (DC) machines have the potential to generate up to 250 horsepower, provided that the armature voltage is 500 volts and the field voltage is 300 volts, respectively. The mode of operation for the power converter is determined by the readings of torque that are obtained by the DC machine when it is operating in the motor mode and the generator mode, respectively. The processes of charging and discharging batteries have been monitored and handled in relation to the wide variety of modes of operation that may be found in DC machines. This was done in order to make full use of the capabilities of these machines. The bidirectional dc-dc converter, which may operate in either direction, is managed by a fuzzy logic controller. This allows the converter to work in either direction. It's likely that the converter and controller that's been shown here are all that's needed for charge management and running the motor in electric automobiles.
Milieu and cultural heritage as a resource for digital marketing: Exploring web marketing strategies in the wine industry
Authors: Cerquetti Mara , Romagnoli Annamaria
Published: August 2023

In the current globalised world, the milieu can be a competitive advantage for companies rooted in their local production context, as is the case for the agri-food industry (Riviezzo et al., 2016; Sgroi et al., 2020). Effectively exploiting the relationship between a company, its environment and local assets can be a successful marketing strategy that can trigger a virtuous circle that benefits sustainable tourism development (Askegaard & Kjeldgaard, 2008; Napolitano & De Nisco, 2017). One fundamental tool for exploiting this potential is digital marketing (Marzo-Navarro & Pedraja-Iglesias, 2021). Within this framework, the present research investigates whether and how the wine industry in the Marche region (Italy) communicates its relationships with the milieu and cultural heritage on official websites. We developed a model to analyse the web marketing strategies adopted by 83 wineries belonging to a non-profit association whose main objective is the promotion of wine tourism. The model is structured in four sections: 1) corporate data, 2) content, 3) accessibility, 4) technical aspects. Starting with the gaps identified in the scientific literature on this topic, when we analysed the content dimension, we included information related to corporate and local cultural heritage, branding, and services and partnerships. The results show that the relationship between milieu and cultural heritage is not significantly communicated on the website, revealing much room for improvement. The evaluation model and the managerial implications could be applied to all companies in the agri-food sector and, more generally, in the made-in sector.
Shared community history strengthens plant diversity effects on belowground multitrophic functioning
Authors: Amyntas Angelos , Gauzens Benoit , Ciobanu Marcel , Warnke Lara , Maraun Mark , Salamon Jörg-Alfred , Merkle Mona , Bassi Leonardo , Hennecke Justus , Lange Markus , Gleixner Gerd , Scheu Stefan , Eisenhauer Nico , Brose Ulrich
Published: August 2023

The relationship of plant diversity and several ecosystem functions
strengthens over time. This suggests that the restructuring of biotic
interactions in the process of a community’s assembly and the associated
changes in function differ between species-rich and species-poor
communities. An important component of these changes is the feedback
between plant and soil community history. In this study, we examined the
interactive effects of plant richness and community history on the
trophic functions of the soil fauna community. We hypothesized that
experimental removal of either soil or plant community history would
diminish the positive effects of plant richness on the multitrophic
functions of the soil food-web, compared to mature communities. We
tested this hypothesis in a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment
by comparing plots across three treatments (without plant history,
without plant and soil history, controls with ~20 years
of plot specific community history). We found that the relationship
between plant richness and belowground multitrophic functionality is
indeed stronger in communities with shared plant and soil community
history. Our findings indicate that anthropogenic disturbance can impact
the functioning of the soil community through the loss of plant species
but also by preventing feedbacks that develop in the process of
community assembly.
Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease: Endovascular, endoscopic and surgical considerations
Authors: Palle Sirish K. , Leung Daniel H.
Published: August 2023

Advanced cystic fibrosis liver disease (aCFLD) with portal hypertension
develops in a minority of people (5-7.5%) with Cystic Fibrosis (CF),
necessitating surgical interventions, including portosystemic shunting,
gastrostomy tube placement, and in some cases, liver transplantation.
This manuscript also aims to explore the different endoscopic,
endovascular and surgical procedures needed to diagnose and manage
aCFLD, including liver biopsy, endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography, intraoperative cholangiograms, hepatic venous
pressure gradient measurement and portosystemic shunt procedures in
patients with aCFLD. By utilizing advanced diagnostic and surgical
techniques, healthcare professionals can effectively manage aCFLD and
improve patient outcomes.
HIV- A hidden pandemic burdening healthcare globally
Authors: Maheshwari Chanchai , Khan Shehroz
Published: August 2023

HIV is a global burden causing mortality and morbidity, we write to
highlight the constant HIV incidence, its misdiagnosis and associated
factors causing lack of eradication despite being an actively targeted
disease worldwide utilizing US $20-29 billion per year. From the
pandemics aggravating immunosuppression to the revolution of the world
through increased practice of homosexuality, multiple partners and drug
abuse, major concern of HIV is more than ever.
Safety of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with sarcoidosis: A nationwide database analysis.
Authors: Singireddy Shreyas , Edusa Samuel
Published: August 2023

Rationale: An estimated 5% of patients with
sarcoidosis develop cardiac involvement with associated complications,
including life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. Implantable
cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) have been used for primary and secondary
prevention of sudden death in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).
Post-ICD placement complications have been shown to be higher in CS
populations. However, data comparing postoperative ICD complications
among sarcoidosis patients with the general population is limited. Here,
we evaluated the association of postoperative complications with
implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in sarcoidosis.
Methods: Using the NIS database, we identified cases of
adults aged ≥ 18 years undergoing surgical placement of implantable
cardioverter-defibrillators between 2010 and 2019. Using ICD-9 and
ICD-10 codes, we identified patients with sarcoidosis. In all
statistical analyses, we applied weights provided by HCUP to produce
results representative of national estimates. We compared categorical
and continuous covariates in the baseline characteristics using
chi-square test and analysis of variance, respectively. We employed
multivariable logistic and linear regression to compare binomial and
continuous outcomes to assess mortality rates differences.
Results: We analyzed 114073 patients during the study
period. Of these, 1012 (0.9%) had sarcoidosis and were found to be
significantly younger and female compared to patients without
sarcoidosis (56.4 years +/- 11.5 vs. 65.6 +/- 13.9, p <0.001)
and (39.4% vs. 28.3%, p<0.001) respectively. Further,
patients with sarcoidosis were more likely to be African American (45%
vs. 16.3%), have private insurance (45.4% vs. 23.8%), and less likely
to have Medicare (34.9% vs. 60.9%). Overall, post-ICD placement
complications such as lead complications (4.2% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.03),
post-procedure hemorrhage (4.1% vs. 5.5%, p=0.048), and requirement
for transfusion (2.3% vs. 4.4%) were less likely in patients with
sarcoidosis. Regarding post-ICD placement inpatient mortality,
sarcoidosis was not associated with any difference in mortality (OR:
0.71, 95% CI 0.18-2.88 p=0.634). Conclusion: Placement
of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with sarcoidosis
is a safe procedure and is associated with significantly lower rates of
lead complications, post-procedure hemorrhage and requirement for
transfusion. This is of great importance as it is known that patients
with underlying sarcoidosis are predisposed to developing more cardiac
complications.
Identification of palsma exosomal lncRNA as a biomarker for early diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: wei ye , hu xuming , yuan shuai , zhao yue , zhu chunhui , Guo Mingzhou , cui hengmi
Published: August 2023

Background, There were about 1,090,000 gastric cancer cases in 2020 in
China. The incidence and mortality rates ranked the fifth and third
among all kinds of cancers in China. Early diagnosis plays an important
role in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.plasma exosome
lncRNAs, has become a promissing biomarkers with high specificity and
sensitivity for early diagnosis of cancers. In this study, the exosomes
in the plasma of patients with early gastric cancer were isolated by a
commercial kit. After identified by electron microscopy observation,
particle size analysis and Western-blot verification, the lncRNAs in the
exosomes were extracted. The lncRNAs differentially expressed in the
plasma exosomes of patients with gastric cancer were analysized by
high-throughput RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed lncRNAs
were verified by RT-qPCR in 93 patients with early gastric cancer and 49
normal controls. Electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Western
blot showed that exosomes were successfully isolated from plasma.
RNA-Seq results show that 76 lncRNAs were up-regulated and 260 lncRNAs
were down regulated in plasma exosomes of early gastric cancer patients
compared with normal controls. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that a total
of 6 lncRNAs were significantly and differentially expressed in gastric
cancer patients compared to normal controls, with 2 highly expressed and
4 lowly expressed (p < 0.05). The survival curve analysis
indicated that lncmstrg.2441832.8 and lncmstrg.2312697 had higher
sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of gastric cancer,
respectively and AUC curve areas were 0.6211 and 0.631, p <
0.05, respectively, which were greater than the traditional clinical
detection indexes CEA (0.61) and AFP (0.57). When combined
lncmstrg.2441832.8 and lncmstrg.2312697 in gastric cancer diagnosis, AUC
curve area reached 0.73, which was greater than CA199 (0.71).
Conclusion, lncmstrg.2441832.8 and lncmstrg.2312697 may be a potential
and promissing biomarkers for early diagnosis of gastric cance
Muscle Metabolism in the Apc(min/+) Male Mouse
Authors: Parry Traci L. , Wood Nicole , Garritson Jacob , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Brantley Jason T. , Tichy Louisa , Bain James R. , Hayward Reid
Published: August 2023

Cancer cachexia is a metabolic and wasting disease that occurs in up to
80% of cancer patients. Currently, there are no clear diagnostic
criteria, its effects are irreversible, and it cannot be treated. Most
patients progress undetected to late stages of cancer cachexia, stop
responding to traditional treatment, and die without an effective
intervention. To determine the effect of tumor bearing on muscle
metabolism, heart and gastrocnemius tissues from 15-week-old male
Apc(min/+) and litter-matched non-carrier mice (wildtype) were analyzed
by untargeted GC/MS metabolomics. The Apc(min/+) mouse spontaneously
forms tumors along the intestinal tract and is a well-accepted
preclinical model of colorectal cancer. In the heart, metabolic pathways
related to taurine/hypotaurine metabolism; biosynthesis of unsaturated
fatty acids; alanine, glutamate, and aspartate; arginine and proline;
and arginine biosynthesis were affected by tumor bearing. In skeletal
muscle, metabolic pathways involving arginine biosynthesis; alanine,
glutamate, aspartate, and proline metabolism were affected by cancer
cachexia. Taken together, these data demonstrate altered arginine
metabolism and proline metabolism in hearts and skeletal muscle of
cachectic mice. Interestingly, cardiac muscle showed a non-preferential
fuel switch towards less energetically favorable glycolysis (vs. fatty
acid metabolism) that coincided with cardiac dysfunction, while skeletal
muscle exhibited glucose dysregulation and possible insulin resistance.
These data shed important light on metabolic derangements associated
with cancer cachexia that lead to muscle dysfunction and atrophy. Such
data may provide a valuable stepping stone in understanding the
metabolic consequence of cancer cachexia to assist in identification of
therapeutic targets.
Growth increments of coralline red alga Clathromorphum compactum capture sea-ice variability links to Atlantic Multidecadal and Arctic Oscillations (1805 - 2015)
Authors: Leclerc Natasha , Halfar Jochen , Hetzinger Steffen , Tsay Alexandra , Moore G. W. K.
Published: August 2023

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Arctic Oscillation (AO),
and related North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have been linked to
multidecadal, decadal, and/or interannual sea-ice variability in the
arctic, but their relative influences are still under evaluation. While
instrumental AMO and reliable AO records are available since the
mid-1800s and 1958, respectively, satellite sea-ice concentration
datasets start only in 1979, limiting the shared timespan to study their
interplay. Growth increments of the coralline algae, Clathromorphum
compactum, can provide sea-ice proxy information for years prior to
1979. We present a seasonal 210-year algal record from Lancaster Sound
in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago capturing low frequency AMO
variability and high frequency interannual AO/NAO prior to 2000. We
suggest that sea-ice variability here is strongly coupled to these
large-scale climate processes, and that sea-ice cover was greater and
the AO more negative in the early and late 19th century compared to the
20th.
Defensive Medicine as a Tool against the Malpractice Issues
Authors: Yassa Heba A
Published: August 2023

Background: Defensive medicine is the requesting for procedures, tests, referral and /or avoidance of high-risk patients with the aim that to minimize the malpractice liability. These tests or measures are done mainly as a safeguard and not for the benefit of patients. OTA (The Office of Technology Assessment) described the procedures done to the patients as they ordered to minimize the risk of malpractice and so not all action of defensive medicine are bad to patients. Defensive medicine can take either positive or negative forms, depending on the direction of deviation from typical practice. Negative DM involves withholding or avoiding high-risk treatments and diagnostic tests to avoid possible associated risks and poor outcomes that might lead to a malpractice suit. Conversely, positive type of DM is characterized by the do excessive, unnecessary diagnostic tests and interventions to decrease risk of being found negligent. The practice of defensive medicine DM is a significant financial burden on health care systems. In Egypt, Defensive medicine creeping rapidly, this may be due to the fear of doctors from being accused of malpractice, inflicting harm to the patient for not doing enough or decrease the patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Defensive medicine is a deviation from the ethical medicine but when discussing the DM, we should take in mind the concerns of doctors about the legal issues and their harm being in court due to their efforts with the patients, so in doctors view it is the only action to minimize the risk of malpractice issues, or in another words it is fear from patient dissatisfaction.
Are Nodular Goiter Patients Previously Treated with L-Thyroxine have Unfavorable Outcomes after Surgery Compared to Patients without Medical Treatment?
Authors: Iskandarov Emil
Published: August 2023

This systematic review aimed to analyze the literature on PubMed Database regarding studies which compare the patient’s post-thyroidectomy outcomes, between those who were treated with L-Thyroxine prior to surgery and those who underwent to thyroidectomy without hormonal suppressive therapy. 500 articles were screened, 11 articles were selected, which were related to the outcomes of interests. Among all these articles with outcome interests, no article is appropriate to the research question of our investigation. The outcomes of surgical treatment of nodular goiter patients, depending on using L-Thyroxine treatment in anamnesis, are very interesting and could bring light to some issues of endocrinology. There is need for further research on this topic to generate relevant evidence on use of L-Thyroxine.
Gut Instinct: How the Microbiome Affects Traumatic Brain Injury, A Narrative Review
Authors: Faraji-Rad, Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may play a role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate studies that investigate the relationship between TBI and gut microbiota alterations. Methods: Using the PRISMA 2020 Checklist, we searched five databases to identify relevant studies. Two independent researchers screened titles and abstracts and identified eligible studies according to the following PICO: studies that investigated the relationship between TBI and gut microbiota AND reported outcomes related to gut microbiome alterations. We assessed the risk of bias for included studies, extracted methodological data and related results of the articles, and used them for qualitative analysis. Results: We screened the titles and abstracts of 23 identified records and assessed the full text of 10 studies. In total, 5 studies met eligibility criteria and were entered into the qualitative analysis. These studies investigated the effects of TBI on gut microbiota in animal models and human patients. Although, we planned to systematic review, lack of adequate quantitively and qualitative data compelled us to write a narrative survey. The majority of studies reported significant alterations in gut microbiota composition and function following TBI, with potential implications for immune function, inflammation, and neurological recovery. Conclusion: This systematic review provides evidence supporting a relationship between TBI and alterations in gut microbiota. While the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, these findings suggest that targeting the gut microbiome may represent a novel therapeutic approach for TBI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved and to evaluate the potential benefits of gut microbiota-targeted interventions in TBI.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) (Nematoda: Camallanidae) Parasitizing Indian Freshwater Fishes
Authors: Chaudhary Anshu
Published: August 2023

Two species of previously known nematodes from the family Camallanidae were found in different fish hosts in India: the Gangetic mystus Mystus cavasius, the Butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus, and the Zig-zag eel Mastacembelus armatus. The material collected during the study was from two different locations of district Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir, and district Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. For molecular analyses, the genomic DNA was extracted, and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Specimens of nematodes from the genus Procamallanus clearly resembled all previously known species based on morphology and were identified as Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) mysti Karve, 1952, and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) bilaspurensis Gupta et Duggal, 1973. Molecular data of both species are provided for the first time in India, and a phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA is presented. Molecular data depicted that P. (S.) mysti and P. (S.) bilaspurensis clustered with each other and formed a separate lineage in the phylogenetic tree with 97% ML and 1.00 BI posterior probability values showing homogeneity in sequences, respectively. This study expands the genetic information for Procamallanus species in addition to morphology and, contributing to the limited knowledge of Indian camallanid species.
Biostatistical Analysis on the Regulation of Blood Pressure
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: August 2023

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the current era. With the increase in life pressures, the number of people with high blood pressure is constantly increasing. Multiple types of medical drugs are used to treat high blood pressure, but despite their use in treatment, they have many side effects, so with the beginning of the twentieth century, the World Health Organization sought to urge the use of alternative medicine in the treatment of many diseases because of its characteristics that make it superior on medical drugs, the most important of which is that it has no side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Fashareen on the regulation of blood pressure. Material and Methods: The study was designed to include hypertensive patients, where 30 participants were taken from OPD of government and private hospitals in Faisalabad according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Consent was taken from individuals for an assessment and intervention procedure. A recommended dose of 1 tablet of Fashareen twice a day was given to the patients in 12 hours a part period, and after that, we collected the data again from the patient’s e.g. Blood pressure and heartbeats. Results: Significant change in blood pressure values after the treatment in a group in addition to a significant decrease in heart rate values after the treatment in a group Conclusion: Fashareen is quite effective in controlling blood stress.
Histophatological Damage to Heart and Lungs on Canine Dirofilariosis in Panama
Authors: Chacon Samuel Candanedo
Published: August 2023

Latin America and countries with hot climates have long suffered with vector-borne diseases, be they fleas, mosquitoes or ticks, among others. Canine Dirofilariasis is a vector disease whose etiological agent in America is Dirofilaria immitis, however, with little information on its real damage to canines and no information on its pathogenesis in humans in this country. Five anatomical pieces made up of heart and lungs, preserved in 10% formaldehyde, were evaluated histopathologically to define the damage caused by the nematode. The most common lesion found in the lungs was pulmonary emphysema and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Pseudo papillary hyperplasia of the endothelium was observed in one of the cases. The most common lesions found in the heart were endocarditis and pericarditis. We can conclude that the damage caused by D. immitis to the heart and lungs tissues of dogs is evident and that further studies are necessary to better understand this disease.
Coblation Versus Microdebrider Assisted Adenoidectomy - Analysis of Post-Operative Outcome
Authors: Mehta Nitika
Published: August 2023

Aims and Objectives: To compare the postoperative results in coblation assisted adenoidectomy versus microdebrider assisted adenoidectomy. Materials & Methods: The current prospective project was conducted in 100 patients from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. 50 patients each were enrolled in the coblation and microdebrider group and their postoperative analysis was done on basis of their pain scoring and their length of hospital stay. Results: Postoperative pain scores as assessed by Wong Baker pain scale (where 0 is no pain and10 showed maximum pain) at various intervals showed significantly higher pain scores at all times in coblation assisted adenoidectomy as compared to microdebrider assisted surgery (p<0.000). The children in microdebrider group had faster recovery and were discharged earlier from the hospital as compared to the coblation group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study we concluded that microdebrider had better postoperative outcome in terms of lesser pain and early patient recovery in comparison to coblation group.
Conflicts, COVID-19, and Climate Change: Challenges to Public Health in the Wake of Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Mohiuddin Abdul Kader
Published: August 2023

Currently, humanity is facing a serious crisis. The worldwide economic contraction, acute fall in financial asset values, collapse in imports and exports, contractions of industrial output, increase in inflation, shrink in wages, rise in unemployed people, wreckage of social security caused by numerous natural catastrophes, human displacement due to epidemics, and ongoing rivalries tear down not only the economic sector but likewise the health sector. The ripple effects of war, pandemics and natural catastrophes began at a time when 1 in 16 people worldwide was just pushed into extreme poverty due to healthcare costs, 1 in 8 had already been denied access to basic medical care, and 1 in 4 lacked access to basic medications. And now, deaths due to climate shock are 30 times higher than they were 20 years ago, and hunger is killing a life every 4 seconds
Déjà Vu All Over Again: The Death of Tyre Nichols and Need for Change in Policing the Communities
Authors: Murty Komanduri S
Published: August 2023

The recent death of Tyre Nichols, a 29-year-old Black man in Memphis, following the pattern of several others including George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020 underscores the importance of change in policing communities in the United States. African Americans account for 13 percent of the nation’s population but constitute 24 percent of those fatally shot by police, with a likelihood of 2.5 times to that of White Americans. Dating back to the 1931 National Commission on Law and Enforcement’s Report on Lawlessness in Law Enforcement, there has been an ongoing concern about the pervasive violent policing in AfricanAmerican communities; however, this concern has drastically increased in recent decades, especially in the post 9/11 era with the advent of modern technology that drastically increased public awareness through social media and television on one hand, and the routine use of military-grade equipment by police departments in urban communities on the other. Images of police officers in helmets and body armor riding through neighborhoods in tanks along with stories of protests following the killings of Black citizens became regular televised reports. This paper examines the recent escalation of police use of excessive force adopting such operations as SCORPIAN (Street Crimes Operation to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods) as a part of police militarization and argues for the need to revert back to community policing—a method that once viewed to be less violent and more effective.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding the Use of Traditional Medicine in the Treatment of Malaria among Households in the Buea Health District, Cameroon
Authors: Eta Enow Vivian Ayamba
Published: August 2023

Background: Traditional medicine (TM) has maintained its popularity in most developing countries. The use of TM in the treatment of illnesses such as malaria is a common practice that began in pre-historic times. Aim: This research sought to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the use of TM to treat malaria in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. Methods: The study employed a community based cross-sectional survey design. Purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select the study site (four health areas) and enrolled participants to the study. The study participants were made up of heads (guardians) of households. Heads of households aged 19 years and above who were present at the time of study and met the inclusion criteria and gave their consent to participate in the study were included. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire made up of both open and closed-ended questions. Data was collected on the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the use of TM to treat malaria. Data collected was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, the logistic regression statistical test was used to check for association between variables and confidence level was set at 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 400 participants participated in this study. The study revealed that 212 (57%) [95%CI: 0.4798 - 0.5798] were females. Also, 270 (67.5%) [95% CI: 0.6267 - 0.7207] of the participants had good knowledge about malaria and TM. There was no significant association between socio-demographic factors and knowledge (p>0.05). Majority 328(82%) [95% CI: 0.7788 - 0.8564] of the participants had negative attitudes towards traditional medicine. This study further revealed that the participants demonstrated poor practices on the use of TM to treat malaria. However, a few used both TM and conventional medicine to treat malaria. Conclusion: The proportion of participants with good knowledge on TM and malaria was high, while the proportion of participants with positive attitudes as well as those with good practices towards the use of TM to treat malaria was low. However, participants who used both traditional and conventional medicines preferred to consult traditional healers first for remedy.