bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heparin therapy improving hypoxia in COVID-19 patients - a case series
Authors: Negri Elnara Marcia , Piloto Bruna Mamprim , Morinaga Luciana Kato , Poyares Jardim Carlos Viana , El-Dash Lamy Shari Anne , Ferreira Marcelo Alves , D’Amico Elbio Antonio , Deheinzelin Daniel
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION

Elevated D-dimer is a predictor of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients and heparin use during in-hospital stay has been associated with decreased mortality. COVID-19 patient autopsies have revealed thrombi in the microvasculature, suggesting intravascular coagulation as a prominent feature of organ failure in these patients. Interestingly, in COVID-19, pulmonary compliance is preserved despite severe hypoxemia corroborating the hypothesis that perfusion mismatch may play a significant role in the development of respiratory failure.

METHODS

We describe a series of 27 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to Sirio-Libanes Hospital in São Paulo-Brazil and treated with heparin in therapeutic doses tailored to clinical severity.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased significantly over the 72 hours following the start of anticoagulation, from 254(±90) to 325(±80), p=0.013, and 81% of the patients were discharged home within a mean time of 11.4 (±7.9) days. Most mechanically ventilated patients (67%) were extubated within 12.5(± 5.7) days. There were no bleeding complications or fatal events.

Even though this uncontrolled case series does not offer absolute proof of DIC as the underlying mechanism of respiratory failure in COVID-19, patient’s positive response to tailored dose heparinization contributes to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease and provides valuable information for the treatment of these very sick patients while we await the results of further prospective controlled studies.
Prevent the resurgence of infectious disease with asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Zhang Zhechun
Published: April 2020

After reaching the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak, many regions are in search of a reopening plan that would minimize resurgence. Here we show to prevent resurgence local governments need to estimate how early and how many COVID-19 cases can be detected. It is safe to end social distancing if the majority of cases are detected early in the infection window. If cases are detected later, a 2-layer quarantine may be necessary to prevent resurgence. If fewer cases are detected, community events, schools, and large businesses may need to remain in virtual mode. Our results demonstrate that detecting more cases earlier is essential for preventing COVID-19 resurgence.
“Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancersusceptibility”
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Rai Vandana
Published: April 2020

Prostate cancer is one of the most common and a serious malignancy of males and it is well reported that estrogen plays a pivotal role in prostate carcinogenesis. Catechol-O - methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the inactivation of estrogens. Several studies have investigated the association of COMT gene Val158Metpolymorphism with prostate cancer, but results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Hence, to assess this association, we performed a meta-analysis of all published case-control studies. Pubmed, Springer link, Google Scholar, Elsevier and Springer link databases were searched for case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used as association measure. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program MIX and MetaAnalyst. In the current meta-analysis, 11 case control studies with 3381 prostate cancer cases and 3,276 healthy controls were considered. The results indicated no significant association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer risk using allele contrast, co-dominant and homozygote models (allele contrast: OR= 0.92; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98=; p= 0.02; co-dominant: OR=0.81; 95% CI= 0.85 to1.07; p= 0.46; homozygote: OR= 0.81; 95% CI= 0.70 to 0.95, p= 0.008), but showed significant association with dominant and recessive models (dominant: OR 1.18=; 95% CI= 1.03 to1.34; p= 0.01; recessive: OR= 1.54; 95% CI= 1.1 to 2.07; p = 0.003). In subgroup analysis meta-analysis using recessive genetic model showed significant association between COMT Val 158Met polymorphism and prostate cancer risk in both Asian and Caucasian populations. In conclusion, results of present meta-analysis supports that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is risk factor for prostate cancer.
A dynamic nomenclature proposal for SARS-CoV-2 to assist genomic epidemiology
Authors: Rambaut Andrew , Holmes Edward C. , Hill Verity , O’Toole Áine , McCrone JT , Ruis Chris , du Plessis Louis , Pybus Oliver G.
Published: April 2020

The ongoing pandemic spread of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, associated with severe pneumonia disease (COVID-19), has resulted in the generation of thousands of virus genome sequences. The rate of genome generation is unprecedented, yet there is currently no coherent nor accepted scheme for naming the expanding phylogenetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2. We present a rational and dynamic virus nomenclature that uses a phylogenetic framework to identify those lineages that contribute most to active spread. Our system is made tractable by constraining the number and depth of hierarchical lineage labels and by flagging and declassifying virus lineages that become unobserved and hence are likely inactive. By focusing on active virus lineages and those spreading to new locations this nomenclature will assist in tracking and understanding the patterns and determinants of the global spread of SARS-CoV-2.
A patent-based method for monitoring the development of technological innovations based on knowledge diffusion
Authors: Liu Wei , Tan Runhua , Li Zibiao , Cao Guozhong , Yu Fei
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the diffusion patterns of knowledge in inspiring technological innovations and to enable monitoring development trends of technological innovations based on patent data analysis, thus, to manage knowledge wisely to innovate.

Design/methodology/approach

The notion of knowledge innovation potential (KIP) is proposed to measure the innovativeness of knowledge by the cumulative number of patents originated from its inspiration. KIP calculating formula is regressed in forms of two specific diffusion models by conducting a series of empirical studies with the patent-based indicators involving forward and backward citation numbers to reveal knowledge managing strategies regarding innovative activities.

Findings

Two specific diffusion models for regressing KIP formula are compared by empirical studies with the result indicating the Gompertz model has higher accuracy than the Logistic model to describe the developing curve of technological innovations. Moreover, the analysis of patent-based indicators over diffusion stages also revealed that patents applied at earlier diffusion stages normally has higher forward citation numbers indicating higher innovativeness meanwhile the patents applied at the latter stages usually requiring more knowledge inflows observed by their larger non-patent citation and backward citation amounts.

Originality/value

Although there is a large body of literature concerning knowledge-based technological innovation, there still room for discussing the mechanism of how knowledge diffuses and inspired knowledge. To the best of authors' knowledge, this study is the first attempt to quantitate the innovativeness of knowledge in technological innovation from the knowledge diffusion perspective with findings to support rational knowledge management related to innovation activities.
Influence of hydrocolloids on quality characteristics, functionality and microstructure of spinach puree–enriched instant noodles
Authors: Shere P.D. , Sahni Prashant , Devkatte A.N. , Pawar V.N.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Noodles are good vehicles for the enrichment and can be enriched with vegetable purees. However, this enrichment can alter quality attributes of noodles with resultant effect on its sensorial attributes. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of addition of different hydrocolloids on the microstructural and quality characteristics of instant noodles enriched with spinach puree.

Design/methodology/approach

Preliminary trials were carried out for the standardization level of addition of spinach puree in noodle formulation. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gum were added in the noodle formulation at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 per cent level of incorporation. The effect of addition of hydrocolloids was evaluated on the cooking quality, sensory attributes, texture characteristics and microstructure of the noodles.

Findings

The most acceptable ratio for the formulation of the noodles was found to be 40 g spinach puree per 100 g refined wheat flour. Addition of hydrocolloids resulted in the increase in the cooking time, cooking weight, water absorption and swelling index. Significant decrease in the cooking loss was observed with the increase in the level of CMC (from 7.4 to 6.1 per cent) and guar gum (from 7.4 to 7 per cent). Addition of CMC and guar gum up to 0.5 per cent and 0.25 per cent, respectively, improved the texture, overall acceptability and mouthfeel attributing to complimentary interaction between starch, fibre and hydrocolloids observed at microstructural level; however, further increase in the level of incorporation resulted in stickiness and sliminess in the noodle strands.

Practical implications

It is found that 0.5 per cent CMC and 0.25 per cent guar gum can be used for the enhancement of quality characteristics of the spinach puree enriched noodles.

Originality/value

Intervention of incorporation of hydrocolloids in spinach puree–enriched instant noodles delivers healthy and nutritious product without compromising on its sensorial and quality attributes.
Multiple meta-assessment measures of a quality process: toward institutional effectiveness
Authors: Pham Nhung Thi Tuyet
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to share quality process experience from a US comprehensive university to use both direct (participation rate and assessment quality) and indirect assessment measures (assessment survey) to evaluate the quality process.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed method design was used to evaluate the quality process. The qualitative design used thematic analysis to find the common themes from the assessment survey. The quantitative design included reliability and internal consistency for the survey and inter-rater reliability for the peer review.

Findings

Findings indicated that participation rate and assessment quality improved over the years. Faculty provided positive feedback about assessment website, the peer review process and feedback but negative perspectives on the assessment management software and heavy workload on assessment activities. The researcher shared the actions made based on three-year assessment results, especially how leaders have used it to align with planning and budgeting to close the institutional effectiveness loop.

Research limitations/implications

This research had two limitations. The inter-rater reliability of the peer review was not high and the number of peer review reports in two years were so different, so the results could not be checked for statistical significance.

Practical implications

The meta-assessment results could have important implications for other universities to improve the quality process.

Originality/value

There have been limited studies on using both direct and indirect assessment measures to evaluate the quality process. This study uses multiple measures to provide accurate results for administrators’ decision-making in resource allocation.
A case of foreign body granuloma caused by ‘Bong‐chim’ at the site of postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Seol Jung Eun , Cho Gyeong Je , Park So Hee , Kim Hyojin
Published: April 2020

Foreign body granuloma is a potential adverse effect of acupuncture and usually occurs as an inflammatory reaction to foreign bodies that are accidentally or intentionally injected. This case presents a foreign body granuloma caused by honeybee acupuncture at the site of postherpetic neuralgia and highlights the need for caution and awareness of the side effects of acupuncture‐related procedures.
An audit of oral administration of Angusta® (misoprostol) 25 µg for induction of labor in 976 consecutive women with a singleton pregnancy in a university hospital in Denmark
Authors: Helmig Rikke B. , Hvidman Lone E.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Induction of labor (IOL) is used to improve the outcome of pregnancy for mother and child. Since 2013, oral misoprostol has been used for IOL at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The purpose of the present paper is to describe our experience of the use of a new, 25‐µg misoprostol tablet commercially manufactured for the purpose of IOL regarding efficacy and outcome for mother and neonate in both an inpatient and an outpatient regimen.

Material and methods

We performed an audit from 1 April 2016, including data on all IOL in women with singleton pregnancies until 1000 consecutive women were registered. Data from 976 consecutive women with gestational age ≥37+0 weeks induced in accordance with the “Aarhus protocol” were included in the present analyses. All inductions were by oral misoprostol. Outpatient induction is standard procedure in low‐risk pregnancies, that is, pregnancies with a healthy mother and no signs of placental insufficiency. In the outpatient IOL, the first dose of misoprostol is administered after a normal cardiotocography registration at the hospital. Subsequent doses are taken at home according to a predefined regimen. Following delivery, data on baseline variables and outcome variables for the mother and neonate were retrieved from the medical records.

Results

In 71.9% of cases, the women were induced in an outpatient regimen. Delivery within 24 hours was achieved in 38.8% of women (nulliparous 32.3%, multiparous 50.9%) and within 48 hours in 70.1% (nulliparous 66.2%, multiparous 77.2%). Hyperstimulation during induction occurred in 0.6%. The mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal in 75.5% of cases. The cesarean section rate was 14.9% (nulliparous 20.7%, multiparous 4.1%). Apgar <7 at 5 minutes and pH <7.0 in the umbilical artery was seen in 0.9% and 0.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Induction of labor by a commercially produced low‐dose (25 µg) misoprostol tablet for oral induction according to the “Aarhus protocol” is feasible in an outpatient as well as an inpatient regimen. Delivery was achieved within 48 hours for 70.1% of women. Few adverse events were seen; however, the audit was underpowered for safety.
Front Cover
Authors: Tu Chaofeng , Wang Ying , Nie Hongchuan , Meng Lanlan , Wang Weili , Li Yong , Li Dongyan , Zhang Huan , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Tan Yue‐Qiu , Du Juan
Published: April 2020

The cover image is based on the Short Report An M1AP homozygous splice‐site mutation associated with severe oligozoospermia in a consanguineous family by Chaofeng Tu and Ying Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13712.

image
COVID‐19 and the Canadian cattle/beef sector: Some preliminary analysis
Authors: Rude James
Published: April 2020

Canada's cattle/beef sector has already weathered a shock after a 2003 case of BSE resulted in closed borders and industry restructuring. Now, the sector has to adjust to similar shocks due to COVID‐19. This paper examines the supply chain from the consumer up to the cow–calf producer by considering consumer reactions, labor market constraints, and supply response. A quarterly market model of North American cattle and beef markets is used to examine price and revenue impacts associated with the market disruptions. Depending on the scenario, there is considerable price and revenue suppression at all levels of the market.
Oviposition preferences and antennal size in carrion flies
Authors: Pang Xiu’nan , Liu Genting , Wang Qike , Elgar Mark A. , Zhang Dong
Published: April 2020

Carrion‐feeding flies use odours emanating from the decomposing corpse as cues for oviposition and are described as generalists because the larvae feed on the corpses of diverse species. Whereas several features of the corpse may influence the oviposition choices of these flies, it is not known whether there is a preference for a particular species of corpse. We provided carrion flies with ovipositional (and feeding) choices in a field experiment, in which various odour sources were presented simultaneously. We found novel evidence of broadly consistent choices of carrion by flies from four families. Traps baited with decaying fish flesh captured the greatest number of individuals, whereas traps baited with decaying pig liver typically attracted the least. We also asked whether individuals captured in the various baits vary in antennal size, perhaps reflecting different capacities for odour detection. There was a trend for individuals of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and the platystomatid collected from the traps baited with pig liver to have significantly larger antennae, whereas individuals of Muscina stabulans (Fallen) (Diptera: Muscidae) captured in traps baited with marine fish flesh had relatively longer antennae for their body size. Our data reveal a more nuanced pattern of oviposition behaviour in these generalist carrion flies, which may reflect differences in their preference of carrion with different nutrients, and in their capacity to detect particular odours.
Methodology Matters; Even More
Authors: Lee Bill
Published: April 2020

This editorial essay reflects on the importance of a section like Methodology Matters and its first two years. It also introduces the six articles in this issue of the European Management Review (EMR) that follow this essay and have progressed successfully through the review process for publication and it suggests ways in which the debates that each of those articles have started may be extended. This introduction also justifies other additions to the agenda that appeared in the original call for papers for submissions to this section of EMR.
Effect of smear layer deproteinization with HOCl solution on the dentin bonding of conventional and resin‐modified glass‐ionomer cements
Authors: Paing Soe Yu , Tichy Antonin , Hosaka Keiichi , Nagano Daiki , Nakajima Masatoshi , Tagami Junji
Published: April 2020

The effect of smear layer‐deproteinizing pretreatment using hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the micro‐shear bond strengths (μSBS) of conventional and resin‐modified glass‐ionomer cements (GIC) to dentin was investigated and compared with demineralizing pretreatment with polyacrylic acid (PAA). Three GICs: Fuji IX GP Extra (restorative conventional GIC), GC Fuji II LC EM (restorative resin‐modified GIC), and GC Fuji Luting EX (luting resin‐modified GIC), were used. One hundred fifty human molars were divided into groups (n = 10) according to the cements and dentin pretreatments; no pretreatment (control), 10 s PAA pretreatment, and HOCl pretreatment for 5, 15, or 30 s. After 24 h, μSBS was tested and the data were statistically analyzed using a two‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post‐hoc test. HOCl pretreatment significantly increased μSBS of conventional GIC compared to the control group. For resin‐modified restorative GIC, 5 s HOCl deproteinization significantly increased μSBS, while longer application times did not. There was no significant difference between HOCl‐pretreated and control groups of resin‐modified luting GIC. PAA pretreatment increased the μSBS of all cements significantly. In conclusion, smear layer deproteinization with HOCl can enhance the dentin bonding of conventional GIC. However, the residual radicals may adversely affect the polymerization of resin‐modified GICs.
New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Lu Lu , Xiong Weixi , Liu Dan , Liu Jing , Yang Dan , Li Nian , Mu Jie , Guo Jian , Li Weimin , Wang Gang , Gao Hui , Zhang Yingying , Lin Mintao , Chen Lei , Shen Sisi , Zhang Hesheng , Sander Josemir W. , Luo Jianfei , Chen Shengli , Zhou Dong
Published: April 2020

Our aim was to clarify the incidence and risk of acute symptomatic seizures in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This multicenter retrospective study enrolled people with COVID‐19 from January 18 to February 18, 2020 at 42 government‐designated hospitals in Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic in China; Sichuan province; and Chongqing municipality. Data were collected from medical records by 11 neurologists using a standard case report form. A total of 304 people were enrolled, of whom 108 had a severe condition. None in this cohort had a known history of epilepsy. Neither acute symptomatic seizures nor status epilepticus was observed. Two people had seizurelike symptoms during hospitalization due to acute stress reaction and hypocalcemia, and 84 (27%) had brain insults or metabolic imbalances during the disease course known to increase the risk of seizures. There was no evidence suggesting an additional risk of acute symptomatic seizures in people with COVID‐19. Neither the virus nor potential risk factors for seizures seem to be significant risks for the occurrence of acute symptomatic seizures in COVID‐19.
Deciphering genetic mate choice: Not so simple in group‐housed conservation breeding programs
Authors: Farquharson Katherine A. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine , Grueber Catherine E.
Published: April 2020

Incorporating mate choice into conservation breeding programs can improve reproduction and the retention of natural behaviors. However, different types of genetic‐based mate choice can have varied consequences for genetic diversity management. As a result, it is important to examine mechanisms of mate choice in captivity to assess its costs and benefits. Most research in this area has focused on experimental pairing trials; however, this resource‐intensive approach is not always feasible in captive settings and can interfere with other management constraints. We used generalized linear mixed models and permutation approaches to investigate overall breeding success in group‐housed Tasmanian devils at three nonmutually exclusive mate choice hypotheses: (a) advantage of heterozygous individuals, (b) advantage of dissimilar mates, and (c) optimum genetic distance, using both 1,948 genome‐wide SNPs and 12 MHC‐linked microsatellites. The managed devil insurance population is the largest such breeding program in Australia and is known to have high variance in reproductive success. We found that nongenetic factors such as age were the best predictors of breeding success in a competitive breeding scenario, with younger females and older males being more successful. We found no evidence of mate choice under the hypotheses tested. Mate choice varies among species and across environments, so we advocate for more studies in realistic captive management contexts as experimental or wild studies may not apply. Conservation managers must weigh up the need to wait for adequate sample sizes to detect mate choice with the risk that genetic changes may occur during this time in captivity. Our study shows that examining and integrating mate choice into the captive management of species housed in realistic, semi‐natural group‐based contexts may be more difficult than previously considered.
Mental health disorders in haemophilia: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Huniti Ahmad , Reyes Hernandez Melanie , Ten Eyck Patrick , Staber Janice M.
Published: April 2020

Aim

Despite significant advances in morbidity and mortality outcomes, quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) remains compromised. Underrecognized and undertreated mental health disorders decrease quality of life; however, reports are inconsistent regarding the true prevalence of mental health disorders in PWH.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psychinfo and the Cochrane Library, and hand searched the journal Haemophilia to identify records and subsequently conducted a meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with congenital haemophilia.

Results

Our search strategy identified 2315 records, and 28 studies met eligibility criteria. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that PWH are at increased risk of depression (odds ratio (OR) 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64‐3.68), anxiety (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.01‐3.00), anxiety/depression (OR 2.60, 95% CI 2.35‐2.87) and ADHD (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.74‐6.96). We found considerable heterogeneity among the studies likely due to differences in assessment tools, populations studied and year of publication. This suggests that standardized tools to diagnose mental health disorders in PWH are needed. Additionally, high‐quality studies investigating mental health disorders in PWH are necessary to adequately document the prevalence of these disorders.

Conclusion

Overall, our meta‐analysis suggests that the prevalence of depression, anxiety and ADHD across decades is significantly increased in PWH compared to the general population.
Antiretroviral therapy and the risk of sexual transmission of HIV: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davari M , Giwa HB , Nabizade A , Taheri F , Giwa A
Published: April 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with or without condom use on the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.

Methods

A search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases for studies dating back to 2008. The results were summarized as relative risks and incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The effect sizes were pooled using random‐effects models and heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochrane Q test and I2.

Results

Of the 1424 studies retrieved in the initial search, 10 met the eligibility requirements. ART was associated with a 52% reduction in transmission risk compared to no ART, with a relative risk of 0.48 (95% CI 0.439–0.525) (Q = 0.524; I2 = 0.0%; overall effect Z = 15.99, P < 0.0001). ART vs. no ART caused a reduction in the risk from 5.6 person‐years (95% CI 3.26–9.62 person‐years) (Q = 0.771; I2 = 0.0%; overall effect Z = 6.25, P < 0.0001) in the untreated group to 0.85 person‐years (95% CI 0.28–2.99 person‐years) (Q = 0.038; I2 = 76.7%; overall effect Z = 0.11, P = 0.772) in the treated group, but not significantly so, which is equivalent to an 84% reduction in the risk of sexual transmission. In accordance with the Swiss National AIDS Commission declaration, ART with suppressed viral loads was associated with a minimal risk of transmission, with a median time at risk of 0.00 person‐years (95% CI 0.00–0.00 person‐years) (Q = 1.00; I2 = 0.0%; overall effect Z = 6.80, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

ART and condom use were found to cause a significant reduction in the risk of sexual transmission of HIV in both homosexual and heterosexual populations, based on previous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.
Orienting to affect in services for people with severe or profound intellectual disabilities: A UK‐based investigation
Authors: Walton Chris , Antaki Charles , Finlay W.M.L
Published: April 2020

Background

This study argues for displays of affect by people with severe or profound intellectual disabilities to be analysed in the course of everyday interactions with the people who support them.

Method

Conversation analysis is applied to the affective displays of residents of a social care service for people with severe or profound intellectual disabilities to identify how such displays are taken up and form the basis for further action.

Results

Three types of orientations to affect are identified: where the cause of the affect is unknown; where there is a proximal cause; and where the proximal cause is a prior action by a member of staff. Staff orient to affect as expressions of both feelings and cognitions, thereby providing the basis for self‐determination.

Conclusions

Displays of affect are a communicative resource for those with severe or profound impairments and must be studied in situ if they are to inform policy and everyday practice.
The foundations of mathematical development in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome
Authors: Van Herwegen Jo , Ranzato Erica , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette , Simms Victoria
Published: April 2020

Background

Studies in Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS) have suggested that mathematical abilities are impaired. However, it is unclear which domain‐general or domain‐specific abilities impact on mathematical development in these developmental disorders.

Method

The current study examined the foundations of mathematical development across participants with WS (n = 24) and DS (n = 26) compared to typically developing (TD) children (n = 26) in relation to domain‐general (i.e., general intelligence and visuospatial abilities) and domain‐specific abilities (non‐symbolic and symbolic number abilities).

Results

Developmental trajectories showed that mathematical abilities were delayed in line with overall mental age in DS and WS. Whilst visuospatial abilities predicted performance for DS and TD participants, this was not the case for the WS group, instead Approximate Number Sense abilities predicted mathematical development.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that those with DS and WS may benefit from different mathematical intervention programmes.
A critique of Paulo Freire’s perspective on human nature to inform the construction of theoretical underpinnings for research
Authors: Sanders Kate
Published: April 2020

This article presents a critique of Paulo Freire's philosophical perspective on human nature in the context of a doctoral research study to explore “muchness” or nurses’ subjective experience of well‐being; and demonstrates how this critique has informed the refinement of the theoretical principles used to inform research methodology and methods. Engaging in philosophical groundwork is essential for research coherence and integrity. Through this groundwork, largely informed by Freire's critical pedagogy and his ideas on humanization, I recognized the need to clarify my understanding of the concepts of persons and personhood and how this related to Freire's use of the term human beings. This clarification process is essential to ensure congruence between the theoretical principles that I draw from his work and my beliefs about persons, personhood and person‐centredness. The article begins with a brief introduction to the research, followed by an overview of Freire's philosophical perspectives, and subsequently, the critique process is presented and discussed. This process involved engaging with the vast literature and debates about what it means to be a person, to make sense of the often complex and contradictory arguments. Eventually, three headings emerged that helped me to frame my evolving understanding: Our species: human beings; The kind that we are: human nature; and This person that I am: personhood. Through this process of exploration, I recognized that Freire's perspective on human nature (a) foregrounded cognitive rationality, which presented itself as a limitation when considering my ontological beliefs and the focus of my research, leading me to draw on the work of Mark Johnson and his ideas about embodiment to help me to further develop my theoretical principles; (b) focused on the “collective” rather than individuals, which is a shortcoming in relation to person‐centred research that acknowledges the uniqueness of participants.
Predicting plant performance for the ecological restoration of grasslands: the role of regenerative traits
Authors: Arend da Silva Isis , Guido Anaclara , Müller Sandra Cristina
Published: April 2020

Active restoration of grassland ecosystems often requires the addition of species as seeds. However, knowledge of seed germination and initial performance of native species are still lacking in many regions, including the Brazilian grasslands. Regenerative traits (such as seed traits) have the potential to predict performance parameters related to the initial establishment of a species in a given environment. This study aimed to test the potential of regenerative traits as predictors of the performance of grassland species, information which may be useful for ecological restoration purposes. Using 15 grassland species, we carried out three parallel experiments at different conditions: cabinet, greenhouse, and field. Three performance parameters were evaluated: final germination percentage (FGP), germination rate index (GRI), and survival rate. The suitability of seed traits (mass, area, and shape) as predictors of performance parameters was evaluated for each experiment using linear regression models. Performance parameters varied among the species and experiments, but seed mass and shape slightly influenced GRI. Seed area had a positive effect on GRI, and there was a significant interaction between seed circularity and mass, which improved the GRI of round, heavy seeds. FGP and survival rate were not predicted by any of the traits. Our study highlights the importance of testing fitness–trait relationships under field conditions, which may reflect the real challenges species will face in restoration projects. Our results reinforce the need of considering regenerative traits and interaction factors to improve the understanding and prediction of the initial performance of species.
Rapid response of hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme to oclacitinib in two dogs
Authors: High Endya J. , Linder Keith E. , Mamo Lisa B. , Levy Britt J. , Herrmann Ina , Bizikova Petra
Published: April 2020

Background

Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a clinically distinct dermatosis and poorly characterized syndrome, comprised of hyperkeratotic plaques with variable symmetry and apoptosis similar to “classic” erosive canine EM. Hyperkeratotic EM has a protracted clinical course and, although treatments with glucocorticoids, azathioprine and/or ciclosporin have been tried, rates of remission are low.

Objectives

To describe successful treatment of HKEM in two dogs using oclacitinib.

Animals

A 7‐year‐old, spayed Havanese dog (Case 1) and a 1‐year‐old, intact cryptorchid Dachshund dog (Case 2).

Methods

Case characterization and clinical diagnoses were based on lesion character, surgical biopsy, cytological evaluation, culture, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and expected responses to treatments.

Results

Both cases exhibited multifocal, often symmetrical hyperkeratotic plaques with adherent scale. Histological findings revealed prominent epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic dermatitis and transepidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis. DIF revealed fine, patchy IgG, IgM and IgA basement membrane deposits (Case 2). Both dogs exhibited rapid improvement with oral oclacitinib (0.6–0.9 mg/kg twice daily) with a complete remission of clinical signs observed in 12 and seven weeks in cases 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Oclacitinib could be considered as a fast‐acting and effective treatment option for HKEM in dogs.
Visualizing the catalytic advancements in nickel ferrite via inclusion of bismuth for the removal of hazardous environmental pollutants
Authors: Kapoor Surbhi , Goel Neetu , Singhal Sonal
Published: April 2020

The incorporation of bismuth into spinel nanoferrites has emerged as an interesting platform for amendment in structural characteristics, cation distribution and catalytic efficacy of nanoferrites. Bismuth has one of its kind properties to occupy both the octahedral and tetrahedral sites which enticed a significant role in evaluating the catalytic behavior of bismuth‐doped nanoferrites. The present work explored the versatility of bismuth substituted nickel ferrite nanostructures as catalysts for the oxidative degradation of dyes and reduction of nitrophenols. The catalytic activity was found to increase up to the incorporation of 4% bismuth owing to the occupancy of catalytically active octahedral sites, whereas devastation was observed at higher concentrations due to accumulation of bismuth in tetrahedral sites. The observed trend of catalytic behavior was in full concordance with the saturation magnetisation, crystallite size, and band‐gap. The recyclability studies indicated the applicability of bismuth substituted nanoferrites as potential catalysts for the mitigation of environmental pollutants.
Study of solid polymer electrolyte based on biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone
Authors: Sunandar Mashadi , Yulianti Evi , Deswita Deswita , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto
Published: April 2020

In this research the polymer electrolyte materials based on poly caprolactone (PCL) has been synthesized and characterized. Polycaprolactone is a non-toxic and biodegradable polymer that is environmentally friendly. The preparation of the polymer electrolyte film is carried out by a casting method whereby the PCL polymer is dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Lithium perchlorate salt (LiClO4) as a source of lithium ions then was added to solution with a composition (5-40)% by weight. The solution was evaporated slowly in vacuum oven until the film was formed. The ionic conductivity, crystal structure, morphology and thermal properties of the polymer electrolyte were characterized by impedance spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) respectively. The results of the conductivity measurements showed that the PCL conductivity increased from 3.45 x 10-11 Scm-1 to 5.52 x 10-6 Scm-1 with a 30% weight salt content of LiClO4. Observations with XRD show a more amorphous polymer with more salt addition and FTIR results show that there is interaction between active groups on polymers with salt. The thermal properties show that the melting points of polymer become lower with more salt addition.
Decolorization of Reactive Black 5 dye using gel combustion synthesized LaFeO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Aizat Arif , Aziz Farhana , Mohd Yusop Mohd Zamri , Jaafar Juhana , Yusof Norhaniza , Wan Salleh Wan Norhayati , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: April 2020

Lanthanum orthoferrite (LaFeO3) nanoparticles was prepared via gel combustion method with fixed reaction temperature at 200°C, but different reaction time of (t) 2 hours (t=2h) and 24 hours (t=24h), respectively. Physicochemical properties' characterization was performed to compare both samples. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis was done to determine the photocatalytic performance on Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye. LaFeO3(t=24h) possessed a high crystallinity structure with specific surface area (SSA) of 28.037 m2g-1, while LaFeO3(t=2h) had a mixture of crystalline and amorphous structures with SSA of 40.952 m2g-1. The catalysts’ loading was also varied in a few conditions to elucidate the optimum loading that maximize the dye removal by mean of adsorption-photocatalytic action. Up to 94% of RB5 dye was successfully removed within 6h by LaFeO3(t=2h) samples, and this enhanced synergistic activity of LaFeO3 is promising for the further application of visible light driven photocatalyst in polluted water treatment.
Use of reliability tested clinically data towards a portable device measurement kit system for upper limb spasticity
Authors: Johar Khairunnisa , Che Zakaria Noor Ayuni , Hanapiah Fazah  Akhtar , Yee Low Cheng , Othman Nurul Atiqah , Ridhuan Muhammad Afiq
Published: April 2020

Spasticity refers to the abnormal symptom of having resistance in the joints when patients tried to make a movement. Patients with spasticity need to undergo multiple therapy sessions with medical intervention to ensure that the upper limb achieve maximal function. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is frequently used in clinical assessment with grading on a scale. However, this scale is limited in sensitivity and the accuracy of this evaluation is dependent on the physician’s and therapist’s experience. This study suggests developing a portable measurement device kit system during clinical assessment to reduce inter- and intra-rater variability, and to assist clinicians in making quick clinical evaluation of spasticity. In this study, 19 patients were involved in the data acquisition. Assessment data from upper limb of patients with spasticity were recorded using a Manual Muscle Tester (MMT) and digital goniometer to measure force and the angular motion. During the assessment, patients were examined through slow and fast motion for spasticity evaluation. The collected data were analyzed to study intra-rater reliability value by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values for all patients were in range 0.78 to 0.89. It can be considered that the collected data was reliable and can be used to formulate a model towards the development of a portable device measurement kit system for upper limb spasticity.
Multiple-Scale Analysis of a Tunable Bi-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Qian Feng , Abaid Nicole , Zuo Lei
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the theoretical modeling and multiple-scale analysis of a novel piezoelectric energy harvester composed of a metal cantilever beam, piezoelectric films, and an axial preload spring at the moveable end. The harvester experiences mono- and bi-stable regimes as the stiffness of preload spring increases. The governing equations are derived with two high-order coupling terms induced by the axial motion. The literature shows that these high-order coupling terms lead to tedious calculations in the stability analysis of solutions. This work introduces an analytical strategy and the implementation of the multiple-scale method for the harvester in either the mono- or bi-stable status. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical solutions. The influence of the electrical resistance, excitation level, and the spring pre-deformation on the voltage outputs and dynamics are investigated. The spring pre-deformation has a slight influence on the energy harvesting performance of the mono-stable system, but a large effect on that of the bi-stable system.
Absorption, discharge, and internal partitioning behavior of hydrogen in the tantalum and tantalum oxide system investigated by in situ oxidation SIMS and ab initio calculations
Authors: Asakawa Tsutomu , Nagano Daisuke , Miyazawa Hiromu , Clark Ian
Published: April 2020

Hydrogen behavior in tantalum and tantalum oxide thin films was examined using the in situ oxidation secondary ion mass spectrometry (in situ oxidation SIMS) method previously developed by the authors. Oxidation of Ta films by the introduction of O2 into the sputter deposition chamber immediately after film growth was found to reduce the amount of H absorbed in the Ta films by 2.7 times for samples exposed to lab air at ambient temperature; the difference increased to 4.8 times for samples exposed to air at 300 °C. From these results, it is apparent that Ta absorbs H from H2 or through reaction with H2O in air and that an oxide film “cap” largely stymies H absorption. To investigate the redistribution of hydrogen during oxidation of Ta, sputtered Ta films were implanted with deuterium, and some were subsequently anodized. In situ oxidation SIMS analysis of Ta2O5/Ta bilayer films created by anodization of deuterium (D)-implanted Ta films revealed no deuterium in the upper Ta2O5 portion; however, the total amount of deuterium detected in the underlying Ta layer of the anodized samples was close to the total amount of deuterium measured in the Ta layer of a nonanodized, D-implanted Ta film. These results indicate that during anodization, D is concentrated in the residual metal region as it is excluded from the growing oxide film. Ab initio calculations of H interstitial defects in Ta and Ta2O5 revealed that the heat of formation, ΔH, for H interstitial defects in Ta is 1.31 eV lower than that of Ta2O5; this result is consistent with the observed H blocking property of oxide films and the observed redistribution of D from oxide to metal during anodization.
Improved 2000-m Rowing Performance in a Cool Environment With an External Heating Garment
Authors: Cowper Gavin , Barwood Martin , Goodall Stuart
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Rowers can be in marshaling areas for up to 20 to 25 min before the start of a race, which likely negates any benefits of an active warm-up, especially in cold environments. It is unknown if using a heated jacket following a standardized rowing warm-up can improve 2000-m rowing performance. Methods: On 2 separate occasions, 10 trained male rowers completed a standardized rowing warm-up, followed by 25 min of passive rest before a 2000-m rowing time trial on a rowing ergometer. Throughout the passive rest, the participants wore either a standardized tracksuit top (CON) or an externally heated jacket (HEAT). The trials, presented in a randomized crossover fashion, were performed in a controlled environment (temperature 8°C, humidity 50%). Rowing time-trial performance, core body temperature, and mean skin temperature, along with perceptual variables, were measured. Results: During the 25-min period, core body temperature increased in HEAT and decreased in CON (Δ0.54°C [0.74°C] vs −0.93°C [1.14°C]; P = .02). Additionally, mean skin temperature (30.22°C [1.03°C] vs 28.86°C [1.07°C]) was higher in HEAT versus CON (P < .01). In line with the physiological data, the perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT versus CON, and subsequently, rowing performance was improved in HEAT compared with CON (433.1 [12.7] s vs 437.9 [14.4] s, P < .01). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that an upper-body external heating garment worn following a warm-up can improve rowing performance in a cool environment.
Contribution of Severe Dental Caries Induced by Streptococcus mutans to the Pathogenicity of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Nomura Ryota , Matayoshi Saaya , Otsugu Masatoshi , Kitamura Takahiro , Teramoto Noboru , Nakano Kazuhiko
Published: April 2020

Streptococcus mutans
, a major pathogen of dental caries, is regarded as a causative agent of infective endocarditis (IE), which mainly occurs in patients with underlying heart disease. However, it remains unknown whether severe dental caries that extend to pulp space represent a possible route of infection. In the present study, we evaluated the virulence of
S. mutans
for IE development using rats with concurrent severe dental caries and heart valve injury.
Using algorithms to initiate needs-based interventions for people on antipsychotic medication: implementation protocol
Authors: Oakey-Neate Lydia , Schrader Geoff , Strobel Jörg , Bastiampillai Tarun , van Kasteren Yasmin , Bidargaddi Niranjan
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Non-adherence to antipsychotic medications for individuals with serious mental illness increases risk of relapse and hospitalisation. Real time monitoring of adherence would allow for early intervention. AI2is a both a personal nudging system and a clinical decision support tool that applies machine learning on Medicare prescription and benefits data to raise alerts when patients have discontinued antipsychotic medications without supervision, or when essential routine health checks have not been performed.

Methods and analysis

We outline two intervention models using AI2. In the first use-case, the personal nudging system, patients receive text messages when an alert of a missed medication or routine health check is detected by AI2. In the second use-case, as a clinical decision support tool, AI2generated alerts are presented as flags through a dashboard to the community mental health professionals. Implementation protocols for different scenarios of AI2, along with a mixed-methods evaluation, are planned to identify pragmatic issues necessary to inform a larger randomised control trial, as well as improve the application.

Ethics and dissemination

This study protocol has been approved by The Southern Adelaide Clinical Human Research Ethics Committee. The dissemination of this trial will serve to inform further implementation of the AI2into daily personal and clinical practice.