bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities of Reintegrating Refugees among Host communities in Tanzania
Authors: Asasira Timothy
Published: February 2017

This study focused on the Opport0unities of Reintegrating Refugees among Host communities in Chogo refugee settlement, Handeni district, Tanzania. The study found out that Reintegration has led to the following; promotion of dialogue between refugees and the host communities and change of perception and attitude torwards refugees as they are considered naturally violent. Issues on resource sharing, capacity building extension workers, ensuring basic services of equality as those available for host authority populations are provided to the refugees, developing a range of options with levels of self-help and related costs and loans relative to sanitation as they explore opportunities brought about by refugees such as education and other basic needs like water. The study makes the following, recommendations. That states the ministry of home affairs should enforce the acquisition of citizenship by some of these refugees who are reluctant to acquire citizenship claiming that they want to keep enjoying the privileges until they are repatriated back home. In the long run, the government should consider sensitization programmes among refugees and the host community towards the opportunities of reintegration rather than allocating the integrated refugees land only. More so, the government of Tanzania should pay attention to these naturalized refugees because after acquiring the citizenship humanitarian agencies usually quit the resettlement premises.
Designing a Model for Assessing the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Customer Satisfaction(Kerman Saderat Bank as Case Study)
Authors: Siadat Seyed Ali , Sadr Mohammad Mohammadi
Published: February 2017

Now a day, customer satisfaction (CS) has been considered as one of the most important factors for organizational success. Implementation of customer satisfaction assessment systems is one of most indices in order to improving organizational performance. Customer satisfaction plays important roles in banking industry. Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) of bank personnel will change the customer satisfaction and directly affects bank performance. Because of these important interactions between OCB and CS in banking industry, this paper intentionally this investigated process by using PCA and PFA techniques. Results of this study indicated that CS has significant relationship with staff employee’s relationships while personal features of employees and OCB has direct impacts on CS. Also detailed analysis revealed that responsibility factor of employee’s social relationships and trustworthiness factor of personal employees are the most important factors of OCB in CS assessment.
Federalism in Pakistan During Musharraf Regime
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Musarrat Razia , Azhar Muhammad Salman
Published: February 2017

After eleven years of democratic rule Pakistan once again went under military regime when Pervaiz Musharraf imposed emergency in the state by ousting the then elected Prime Minister Mian Nawaz Sharif from his office and started ruling the country with the help of Military junta. This time military stepped in as an institution due to the wrong deeds of politicians. Pervaiz Musharraf declared himself Chief Executive of the state and tried to fulfill his own agenda. He amended the anti terrorism act to punish Nawaz Sharif. Basic pillar of federalism the judiciary remained under fire throughout his regime and Chief Justice of Pakistan was deposed from the office. Political activities and parties were banned. Powers were centralized in the name of devolution of powers. Constitution was abandoned and LFO was introduced to provide victory to the King’s party in an engineered elections. Musharraf jumped into war against terrorism and the whole country was facing bomb blasts and attacks of militants on official institutions of the state.
Influence of Brand Loyalty in Telecommunication Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Naveed , Rizwan Muhammad , Khaleeq Mubashir , Rasheed Hafiz Muhammad Wasif
Published: February 2017

Brands play a very important role in consumer markets. They bridge a relationship between the consumers and the company. Brand loyalty is a consumer’s preference to purchase a particular product or service at first or repeatedly in a competitive market. The general purpose of this study is to investigate the factors leading to brand loyalty in service sector. Specifically, we are concerned to observe the factors affecting brand loyalty in telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The sample size of 150 is taken through convenient sampling method. The survey method is used to collect the data from the respondents through self-administered questionnaire. The regression analysis approved the significant positive relationship of the proposed factors with brand loyalty.
Impact of Employee Motivation on Job Satisfaction With Respect To Corporate Social Responsibility and Rewards
Authors: Khan Muhammad Yousaf , Rizwan Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad Ibrahim , Anwar Muhammad Fahad
Published: February 2017

Nowadays, human resource is considered to be the most important asset of any organization. In order to get the efficient and effective results from human resource and to make them feel satisfied at their respective jobs, employee motivation is compulsory. An active and effective Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Division and Rewards System of an organization  play significant role in motivating employees The current study examines the relationship between employee’s motivation and job satisfaction with respect to Rewards (Both Intrinsic & Extrinsic) and CSR (Internal & External). Employees of banks and few organizations of Bahawalpur were taken as sample of the study. An already developed questionnaire was used for data collection. 184 questionnaires were distributed. The data was analyzed using regression analysis. All findings were checked at 0.05 level of significance. The result concludes that there is a significant impact of External CSR on employee motivation while Internal CSR has an insignificant impact on employee motivation. Similarly, there is a direct relation of extrinsic rewards and the employee’s motivation. Interestingly, extrinsic rewards found an insignificant impact on employee motivation. However, Employee Motivation is directly related to job satisfaction. This study has got managerial importance in the context that it is not the extrinsic rewards always at all levels which motivate employees. This study gives a direction to the management of the organizations including banks the importance of intrinsic rewards and external CSR.
Job Satisfaction Level of Teachers’ Working in Private Institutes of Rahim Yar Khan (Pakistan)
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Rao Kashif Sagheer , Hassan Muhammad , Majid Abdul
Published: February 2017

The objective of present study was to analyze the job satisfaction level of teachers working in private institutions in Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan. For this purpose researchers build a conceptual model taking peer support, family insight, Intrinsic rewards, training and development as independent variables.For the data collection researchers developed five likerd scale questionnaires which have been distributed to the teachers working in private institutions. Total 145 questionnaire was distributed from which 122 questionnaire returned to us. From the filled questionnaires 14 were incomplete and rejects from analysis.Researchers use linear regression to analyze the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable job satisfaction. The results shows that intrinsic reward and leadership support have positive significant relationship with job satisfaction, but the family insights show negative significant relationship. Peer support training and development have positive insignificant relationship with our dependent variable job satisfaction.The researchers concludes that the teachers working in private institutions in Rahim yar Khan (Pakistan) demand respect from their head of institutes which are consider more valuable instead of monitory rewards. The insignificant impact of Peer support, training and development on our dependent variable job satisfaction which means that peer cannot support in the best interest of institution. The results proves as like experienced by the researchers working as a teacher in private institutes in Rahim Yar Khan (Pakistan).
Impact of Effective Training Program, Job Satisfaction and Reward Management System on the Employee Motivation with mediating role of Employee Commitment
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Rizwan Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad Sajjad , Hameed Waseem ul , Rizwan Muhammad
Published: February 2017

This study examines the relationship between independent variables Effective Training Programs, Job Satisfaction and Reward Management system on dependent variable Employee Motivation with the Intervening role of Employee Commitment. Employees of the four Organizations Universities, Colleges, Schools and Banks were taken as sample of the study. Self-designed questionnaire used for collection of data. 150 questionnaires were distributed among the above mentioned organizations and 150 were returned, so the response rate was 100%. The data was analyzed through multiple regression technique. Significance level of the testing was 0.01 and 0.05. The result concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between effective training program, job satisfaction, reward management system and Employee motivation with the intervening role of employee commitment.
The Impact of job stress: An imperative insight into the Banking sector
Authors: Shaikh Aliya Ahmad , Akram Memoona , Rizwan Muhammad , Kousar Shakeela , Malik Muneeb
Published: February 2017

In this era of stiff competition employee performance is the key driving force for organizational success, at the same time pressure become the part & parcel in organizations for keeping employees motivated to win the competitive race. But undue pressure can causes stress which undermines performance .Stress is ubiquitous phenomenon and a straining condition that has a negative impact on an individual’s physical, physiological, personal and family life. Now days, due to the rapid changes and intense competition the banking sector employees are among the victims of stress. This study has been carried out to investigate the causes of job stress (job demand, work life conflict), the impact of job stress on employee job behaviours (job performance, job satisfaction) and outcomes of job stress (turnover intention, burnout) and also the relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction is explored. A questionnaire(scales having 38 items) measured against 5 point Likert-type scale is used to evaluate the relationship among variables of interest which analyzed through statistical tests of regression, correlation and reliability of the measures was confirmed. The regression analysis results show that there is no significant relationship among job demands, Job stress and job performance, but variables of job demand, work life conflict, and job stress has a significant positive relationship with each other and same is the case for turnover intention, burnout & job satisfaction which depend upon the stress faced by the banking employees .There is significant positive correlation between job commitment and Job satisfaction. Theoretical implication of this study will be for diverse organizations for understanding the factors that are causing the stress among employees and how to get rid from this evil of stress to increase employee satisfaction, performance and commitment. Recommendations to reduce the stress level are also discussed and focus of future studies is mentioned.
Switching intentions in Telecom industry: a case of University students in Bahawalpur
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Aurangzeb , Khan Rabia , Shafiq Saima
Published: February 2017

Consumers are the valuable assets of the organization as they are the ultimate destination of any product or services since they are the ultimate users of the any product or services thus the success of any organization depends upon the satisfaction  of the customers, if not they will switch to other brands. The present paper attempt to study the consumer switching intentions in the telecommunication industry. The research aimed to find the reasons behind the customer switching behavior in cellular services sector of Pakistan. To conduct the research, we surveyed 170 respondents across the different departments in the ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY BAHAWALPUR. The survey was based on the self administered questionnaire. Respondents were selected on the random basis. After examining the collected results, we inferred that the customer switching intentions mainly dependent on the price, core service failure and then the customer satisfaction. This research also confirms the negative effect of trust on switching .intentions .Trust can increase the loyalty of customer which decreases the intentions of consumers to switch. Using regression it is concluded that proposed variables have a significant relationship with the switching. Companies should focus on these factors to retain their customers and make them loyal enough that they could have a long retention period with the company.
Influencing Factors of Political Development of Iran, 1953-1979
Authors: Karimi Maryam , Singh Sarjit Singh Darshan
Published: February 2017

This article is going to review the major factors of political development in Iran. Political development process had been a new concept usable in twentieth century. So, Iran is one of those societies which were going to change in political thoughts. In this article, researcher reviews the capabilities of political system in Iran. In the next part, the factors of political development have been realized response of political elites who do reaction to developments and make changes in context of the society upon Iran. In the third part, analyzing of Iran’s political development illustrates the barriers of political development in Iran since 1953 to 1979. In the last part the article concludes that the process of political development was affected by the common sense rose up from society context of Iran by these important factors.
The Nigerian National Budget and Development Engineering Under Civil Rule
Authors: Oyedele Samuel O.
Published: February 2017

Developed countries of the world always utilize their national budget as viable tools for development engineering. This is because of the potentials of effective budgets for the realization of better lives for the citizenry of such countries. However, the effective management of national budget has remained a mirage in developing countries including Nigeria. This paper examines the performance of national budgets in Nigeria under the present civilian government. The paper discovered dismal failure in the performances of national budgets as a result of irreconcilable disagreement between the Executive and the Legislature leading to delays in budget implementation as well as large corruption among other factors. The paper infers that public budgeting in Nigeria requires radical re-organization and re-orientation coupled with strong political will to make national budgets become powerful instrument for development engineering.
Merit-based recruitment: the key to effective public administration in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Md. Shiplu
Published: February 2017

Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) is like the nucleus of country’s overall development. Brilliant graduates wish to join BCS and contribute to the prosperity of the nation. However, it is not that easy to join BCS for all meritorious graduates. Due to quota or preserved post in greater part of BCS, they are denied from the service of the nation. However, Bangladesh needs an effective public administration to turn up her long-term vision to be a middle-income country by 2021. Nonetheless, for an effective and dynamic public administration, recruitment of talented, hard working and committed personnel are essential. In this perspective, the study intends to evaluate the present recruitment system of BCS, analyzes its problems, and tries to find out the possible solution. In addition, it tries to know the idea and observation of present and future civil servants regarding present recruitment system and overall BCS. It collects primary data from the respondents before analyzing and providing some policy recommendations. It also compares and contrasts, why BCS needs merit not quota. Finally, the study proposes a model for Merit-based Recruitment in BCS with some assumptions.
Gender Disparity in Education, Employment and Access to Productive Resources as Deterrent to Economic Development
Authors: Antai Agnes S. , Anam Bassey
Published: February 2017

World over, equality in education, employment and access to productive resources have been noted as needed indicators for economic development. Education has been recognized as a fundamental human right and is signatory to the major conventions for the protection of the rights of children and women, especially, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). In 2003, the Government of Nigeria passed into Law the Child rights Act. This act is aimed at facilitating the realization and protection of the rights of all children. In the quest to achieve the objectives of Education For All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Nigeria also enacted the Universal Basic Education (UBE) law, which provides for a 9-year free and compulsory basic education to fast-track education interventions at the primary and junior secondary levels. So also has been the trend with employment and access to productive resources. The question posed here is, how has these policy efforts been attainable? Is it because of the policies are not duly formulated, or duly formulated but poorly implemented, or both? There are still challenges on gender and geographic disparity, access to formal education, sex preferences, employment discretion, and access to productive resources where needful and useful. Faced with this discrepancies, the researchers dare to assess the various trend and causes of this disparity among this three units thereby suggesting attainable methodology which would help reduced the problem projecting sustainable growth for the nation.
The Impact of Faculty Job Satisfaction on Applying Quality Systems in Najran University: An Applied Study on College of Administrative Sciences
Authors: Elbashir Khalid Hassan , Adam Aleem Alhaj
Published: February 2017

The current study is an attempt to investigate the impact of job satisfaction on the performance of faculty in the application of quality systems at the College of Administrative Sciences in Najran University, KSA. The study adopted the descriptive analytical method and the authors developed a questionnaire included four key elements of the internal work environment (Elshaweesh, 2007):  size of job burdens, financial and moral incentives, technical support, and administrative support. The study was applied to the faculty members of the four programs of College of Administrative Sciences. The authors utilized the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (S.P.S.S), where results have been shown and a number of recommendations have been made.
Measuring the Performance of Jordanian Islamic Banks
Authors: Qasim Yazan Radwan , Mohamad Yazis , Ibrahim Norhazlina
Published: February 2017

The banking sector is believed to be one of the driving forces of economic growth of many countries. Muslim jurists have realized the need to get the benefit of banking activities that adopts a lawful way with Islamic rule. Jordanian Islamic banks suffer from measure the financial performance using effective measurement tool based on various indicators. The main aim of this research is to analysis and ranks the performance levels of the Jordanian Islamic banks using suitable measurement methods. This study utilizes secondary data to measures the performance of three Jordanian Islamic banks (JIBFI, IIAB, and JDIB) over the period 2010-2013 by integrated tools; FRA, DEA, and MI. The significant results indicate that JDIB recorded the best performance rank based the three measurements tools, followed IIAB, and lowest rank is JIBFI. The contribution of this study is performance measurements of Jordanian Islamic banks based on the combination of FRA, DEA, and MI rather than utilize one measurement tool.Keywords: Jordanian Islamic banks, performance measurement, FRA, DEA, MI.
Complexity vs. Fairness: Exploration of Implementing an Automated Process for Employee Assessment
Authors: GENKOVA Petia
Published: February 2017

As a personnel activity in a major automotive company an analysis of the satisfaction with the performance appraisal system was undertaken. Two groups – employees with and without leadership function – were interviewed comparatively to determine which predictors influence job satisfaction and acceptance of performance appraisal. Results indicate significant differences between groups. In general, executives have a more positive attitude towards the performance appraisal system than other employees. Merely for the factor practicability executives show a lower degree of satisfaction. The dimension fairness was identified as the strongest influencing factor for overall satisfaction with performance appraisal for both groups. For executives fairness alone determines satisfaction with performance appraisal. Other employees however also value a transparent and comprehensible performance appraisal system.
The Relationship between Dividend Payout And Firm Financial Performance
Authors: Kanwal Munaza , Hameed Shahid
Published: February 2017

This article examines the association between the dividend payout ratio and financial performance of the firm. Basically the dividend payout is the ratio of dividend payment to shareholder by the organization from its net earning while the financial performance include the net profit after tax, return on equity, return on asset etc. To locate the association between dividend payout and FP, the five year data (2008 to 2012) of 20 Pakistani companies listed in Karachi stock exchange has been collected. The correlation analysis and liner regression analysis method is use to find out the relationship between them. The result of this study shows that there dividend payout positively influenced on financial performance of firm.
CIDADE PARA QUEM? O DESCOMPASSO ENTRE POLÍTICAS AMBIENTAIS E URBANAS NA PERIFERIA DO CAPITALISMO
Authors: De Melo Ana Carolina Campos , Cardoso Ana Cláudia Duarte
Published: February 2017

Este artigo analisa os conflitos e articulações subjacentes à intervenção em uma área de preservação,
em Parauapebas, Sudeste do Pará. Discute como as ações do setor imobiliário tem se articulado
à esfera pública e a atores locais, e superado limites impostos à expansão imobiliária, em particular,
aqueles colocados pela legislação. Evidencia-se a alternância da lei, conforme haja proximidade ou
distanciamento dos interesses imobiliários e a forma como o espaço informal, historicamente, confinado
a áreas ambientalmente vulneráveis, está sendo assimilado pelo mercado imobiliário.
PICHAÇÃO, PAISAGEM E TERRITÓRIO NO HIPERCENTRO DE BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Diniz Alexandre Magno Alves , Ferreira Rodrigo Guedes Braz , Alcântara Sérgio Alves
Published: February 2017

A cidade de Belo Horizonte é objeto de intensa e ubíqua competição por muros, fachadas e monumentos
públicos na qual complexas e enigmáticas grafias tatuam a paisagem urbana, deixando
pistas acerca dos limites territoriais de grupos de pichadores. O ato de pichar suscita uma série de
conflitos a partir do momento em que a prática não é compreendida e muito menos aceita pelos não
iniciados, sendo tratada pelo Estado como crime ambiental. A pesquisa catalogou e espacializou o
fenômeno dentro do recorte do Hipercentro de Belo Horizonte, com o intuito de identificar padrões
espaciais e territorialidades. O estudo baseou-se em levantamento primário de informações, catalogação
e mapeamento de dados, trabalhando locais, estilos, instrumentos e a natureza das pichações.
O TEMPO E A DIFERENÇA: ANÁLISE E READAPTAÇÃO NUM EDIFÍCIO EM LISBOA
Authors: De Sousa Soledade Paiva , Bastos Miguel Baptista
Published: February 2017

Qualquer interpretação tida sobre a Arquitetura vai-se transfigurando ao longo do tempo; essa transformação
é realizada pela distanciação temporal, analisada consciente e inconscientemente pelo seu
observador. O acontecimento que irá ser demonstrado neste texto comprovará o que foi escrito, pois
a passagem do tempo influenciou duas apreciações sobre um edifício em Lisboa. A metodologia da
primeira foi estabelecida por leituras de dados objetivos, tais como a relação entre planos e a estrutura
de suporte, numa tese de doutoramento. A segunda foi definida dez anos depois, incorporando a
informação recolhida anteriormente com dados mais subjetivos, durante um projeto de alterações no
seu interior. A execução duma obra de remodelação foi determinante para a segunda análise, onde
as modificações efetuadas devido às circunstâncias e a diferente interação do observador geraram
deduções semelhantes, conjugadas com sensações totalmente opostas.
Mapeamento Sistemático na Literatura Acadêmico-Científica sobre Abordagens para Formação de Grupos em E-Learning
Authors: Cunha Felipe Oliveira Miranda , Siebra Clauirton De Albuquerque
Published: February 2017

This work presents the results of a systematic mapping on scientific papers that discuss the group formation for collaborative learning. The aim is to investigate researches associated with approaches and strategies to form group, in the context of E-Learning domains. Our mapping shows that the majority of publications are focused on analyzing the context of students interactions, along collaborative E-learning activities, and use the acquired knowledge to improve the algorithms for groups optimization. Group types were specified for further experiment in homogeneous grouping, heterogeneous grouping and complementary for programming skills from mathematical modeling and implementation of algorithm grouping. The results of this work produce theoretical fundaments to support the investigation of new group formation approaches, which are based on group profiles and associated with criteria and preferences that were not explored yet. Furthermore, the results enable a more precise analysis of interactions and impact of collaboration on the efficiency of e-learning students.
Las competencias generales y transversales del Grado en Logopedia desde la perspectiva del alumno
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Manuel , Revilla Rodríguez Pilar
Published: February 2017

Consecuentemente al valor curricular que se concede a la adquisición y desarrollo de competencias en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, este trabajo persigue un doble objetivo: analizar la valoración de la importancia que los alumnos de 4º curso del Grado de Logopedia
de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid conceden a las competencias generales y transversales descritas en el Título y, en segundo lugar, la percepción de su propia adquisición. Los resultados indican que la valoración que los alumnos otorgan a las competencias del Grado es, en todos
los casos, alta y superior a la valoración del grado de desarrollo competencial que admiten haber adquirido, resultando diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas percepciones.
Análisis de la influencia de la orientación profesional en los jóvenes en situación de abandono escolar
Authors: Holgueras González Ana Isabel
Published: February 2017

El objetivo principal de la investigación es conocer la importancia que tiene la orientación profesional para los jóvenes que retornan a la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria a través de los Centros de Educación de Personas Adultas, como herramienta indispensable que ha de estar presente en los momentos más críticos del estudiante atendiendo sus necesidades a nivel formativo, educativo y profesional, teniendo en cuenta los intereses, capacidades y necesidades de cada momento, así como la situación actual del mercado de trabajo, donde los jóvenes pasan con mayor rapidez entre situaciones de empleo y desempleo que en décadas anteriores. La Metodología de Investigación se desarrolla a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio, realizado de acuerdo al procedimiento de los componentes principales, analizando una muestra total de 878 estudiantes matriculados en los cuatro cursos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en los Centros de Educación de Personas Adultas de la provincia de Ciudad Real, datos recogidos a través de la cumplimentación de un cuestionario diseñado para tal efecto y donde los
resultados de la investigación indican que el 84% de los alumnos encuestados opina que se necesita una orientación a lo largo de la vida para estar informado y motivado en todo momento, y el 75.6% considera que la orientación profesional es un instrumento que ayuda a la inserción profesional de los jóvenes. Tanto los que han acudido a un orientador profesional como los que no lo han hecho, confirman la importancia de la orientación: el 57.4% reconoce que no habría abandonado los estudios si hubiera recibido una adecuada orientación profesional
y el 61.6% confirma que cuando finalice la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria acudirá a un orientador profesional para que le ayude en la búsqueda de empleo y el 74.7% para que le informe tanto de formación reglada como no reglada.
Competencia digital y tratamiento de la información en futuros maestros de Primaria
Authors: Grande-De-Prado Mario , Cañón-Rodríguez Ruth , Cantón-Mayo Isabel
Published: February 2017

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar y conocer la autopercepción del alumnado que inicia el Grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria sobre su competencia para el tratamiento de la información digital. Esta capacidad para gestionar la información se ha convertido en nuestra
sociedad en un eje fundamental y su desarrollo en los futuros formadores constituye un reto educativo relevante. Este estudio ha empleado una metodología descriptiva- interpretativa y ex post facto utilizando para la recogida de datos un cuestionario dirigido al alumnado del primer curso de Grado de Maestros de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de León. En términos generales, los resultados de la investigación señalan que el alumnado de la muestra se valora como muy  competente en los aspectos digitales más simples y básicos, como la navegación en internet. En cambio, parece poco familiarizado con los agregadores RSS, los marcadores sociales
o las webs de inicio; y la mayoría afirma no haber empleado herramientas tan útiles como los repositorios virtuales. Estas carencias en la gestión de la información, más allá de las habilidades más superficiales, son importantes para los futuros docentes y para las decisiones y medidas que
se adopten en su formación inicial.
La comunicación, interacción y entendimiento en la Europa multicultural a través de la actualización de los programas de formación del profesorado especialista en lengua extranjera
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Gabriel
Published: February 2017

La consolidación de Europa como una unidad territorial tras la II Guerra Mundial condiciona la aparición de un trasfondo multilingüístico y multicultural sin precedentes. La política lingüística del Consejo de Europa estará enfocada principalmente a garantizar la comunicación, el enriquecimiento, la comprensión y la cohesión territorial y social entre los estados de la
unión. Este objetivo origina toda una serie de necesidades y exigencias a las que se habrá que dar respuesta desde las Administraciones educativas. La labor de estas consiste en continuar la trayectoria iniciada por el Consejo de Europa y establecer los objetivos que deben plantearse las instituciones educativas para contribuir de ese modo al logro de ese entendimiento y cohesión europeos. A partir de este momento, se empieza a hablar, por ejemplo, del aula como único contexto de aprendizaje de otras lenguas europeas y se apunta a la figura del docente como único responsable del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Inspirados por esta descripción de la nueva realidad lingüística y cultural continental y por las intenciones de la política lingüística y educativa europea, creemos necesario plantear una investigación que sirva para proyectar luz sobre dos aspectos esenciales. En primer lugar, será necesario establecer cuáles son esas necesidades y exigencias que la nueva política lingüística
europea ha originado. Y, en segundo lugar, será necesario realizar un análisis de un modelo de programa de formación del nuevo profesorado especialista en lengua extranjera concreto para descubrir si se está teniendo éxito en la habilitación del nuevo docente como fuente de conocimiento  lingüístico y cultural para el aula de Educación Primaria o si, por el contrario, los esfuerzos realizados desde el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior no constituyen la respuesta que la nueva Europa multicultural y multilingüe de este siglo XXI requiere.
Valores, conflicto y desarrollo organizativo: una investigación cualitativa con el modelo Hall-Tonna
Authors: Bunes Portillo Micaela , Mínguez Vallejos Ramón , Elexpuru Albizuri Iciar
Published: February 2017

Este artículo recoge los resultados de una investigación sobre valores realizada dentro de la Asociación Proyecto Hombre y planteada como estrategia para la mejora de esa organización.
Las investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre valores en organizaciones son escasas, con aplicaciones prácticas muy limitadas. Hemos elegido el modelo Hall-Tonna de desarrollo personal y organizativo como planteamiento no prescriptivo para el conocimiento de los valores.
La metodología empleada ha sido el alineamiento de valores en el interior de las organizaciones. Se trata de un proceso pautado de contraste entre los valores de los sujetos que participan en la organización  y los valores de la institución. El alineamiento de valores es un procedimiento
que favorece la colaboración entre sus participantes y reduce el nivel de conflicto dentro de las organizaciones. Nuestra investigación es cualitativa y emplea varias técnicas de análisis. Por una
parte, los valores de la institución se han analizado a través del programa de análisis de contenido HTDOC. Por otra, los valores de los individuos se han identificado con la aplicación del Inventario Hall- Tonna (HTINVE).
A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se puede afirmar que el análisis de valores
tiene la potencialidad de contribuir a identificar problemas dentro de la organización. El conocimiento de los valores grupales e institucionales permite poner en relación los valores de los individuos, de los grupos, y de éstos con la organización, posibilitando el diálogo a partir de la identificación de valores compartidos.
Hermes i sit 11. år
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Engberg Jan
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Introduction
Authors: Engbert Jan
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Genre Analysis of Legal Discourse
Authors: Rasmussen Kirsten Wølch , Engberg Jan
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Gesprächsanalytische Rekonstruktion von mündlichen Verhandlungen im Gericht und in alternativen Institutionen des Rechts
Authors: Schröder Peter
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Cognition
Authors: Grenier Baptiste , Berr Claudine , Goldberg Marcel , Jouven Xavier , Zins Marie , Empana Jean-Philippe , Lisan Quentin
Published: October 2024

Importance

Most observational studies examining the association between hearing loss (HL) and cognitive impairment used subjective measures of hearing and addressed only one dimension of cognition, and very few investigated the potential benefit of hearing aids (HAs).

Objective

To evaluate objectively measured HL and several dimensions of cognition and estimate the association with HA use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional analysis of the CONSTANCES cohort study, which recruited participants from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020, was conducted. Participants were a representative sample of adults (age, 45-69 years) with audiometric data and cognitive evaluation from 21 preventive health centers in France. Data analysis was conducted from April 1 to September 15, 2023.

Exposure

The main exposure was HL, which was defined by a pure-tone average in the best ear higher than 20 dB hearing level for mild loss and 35 dB hearing level for disabling loss. Secondary exposure was self-reported HA use.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cognition was evaluated at study inclusion by a standardized battery of 5 cognitive tests conducted by trained neuropsychologists. A global cognitive score was computed from principal component analysis and global cognitive impairment was defined as having a score less than or equal to the 25th percentile of the distribution.

Results

The study population included 62 072 participants with audiometric data (mean [SD] age, 57.4 [7] years; 52% women). Overall, 38% (n = 23 768) had mild HL, 10% (n = 6012) had disabling HL, and 3% (n = 1668) were HA users. In multivariable analyses, mild HL (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15) and disabling HL (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.33) were associated with greater global cognitive impairment. The odds of cognitive impairment did not differ significantly between all participants with HA use and participants with disabling HL without HAs (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.83-1.07), except among participants with depression (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, an association between the severity of HL and global cognitive impairment was found. The use of HAs was not associated with significantly lower odds of cognitive impairment. The findings suggest that it may be useful to monitor cognitive function in middle-aged individuals with HL.
Temporary FDA Advisory Committee Members, Recommendations, and Agency Actions, 2017-2021
Authors: Chaudhry Nikhil , Zhang Audrey D. , Schwartz Jason L. , Ramachandran Reshma , Ross Joseph S.
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the recommendations and agency actions of temporary and permanent US Food and Drug Administration advisory committee members from 2017 to 2021.
Self‐Propelled Morphing Matter for Small‐Scale Swimming Soft Robots
Authors: Huang Chuqi , Pinchin Natalie P. , Lin Chia‐Heng , Tejedor Irving Hafed , Scarfo Matthew Gene , Shahsavan Hamed , Pena‐Francesch Abdon
Published: October 2024

Aquatic insects have developed versatile locomotion mechanisms that have served as a source of inspiration for decades in the development of small‐scale swimming robots. However, despite recent advances in the field, efficient, untethered, and integrated powering, actuation, and control of small‐scale robots remains a challenge due to the out‐of‐equilibrium and dissipative nature of the driving physical and chemical phenomena. Here, we have designed small‐scale, bioinspired aquatic locomotors with programmable deterministic trajectories that integrate self‐propelled chemical motors and photoresponsive shape‐morphing structures. A Marangoni motor system is developed integrating structural protein networks that self‐regulate the release of chemical fuel with photochemical liquid crystal network (LCN) actuators that change their shape and deform in and out of the surface of water. While the diffusion of fuel from the motor system regulates the propulsion, the dissipative photochemical deformation of LCNs provides locomotors with control over the directionality of motion at the air‐water interface. This approach gives access to five different but interchangeable modes of locomotion within a single swimming robot via morphing of the soft structure. The proposed design, which mimics the mechanisms of surface gliding and posture change of semiaquatic insects such as water treaders, offers solutions for autonomous swimming soft robots via untethered and orthogonal power and control.
A Robust ROS Generation and Ferroptotic Lipid Modulation Nanosystem for Mutual Reinforcement of Ferroptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Chao , Li Wenxi , Yan Jie , Yu Xinying , Feng Yuzhao , Li Bei , Liu Yuan , Dai Yunlu
Published: October 2024

Ferroptosis initiation is often utilized for synergistic immunotherapy. While, current immunotherapy is limited by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and ferroptosis is limited by insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptotic lipids in tumor cells. Here, an arachidonic acid (AA) loaded nanosystem (CTFAP) is developed to mutually reinforce ferroptosis and cancer immunotherapy by augmenting ROS generation and modulating ferroptotic lipids. CTFAP is composed of acid‐responsive core calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles, ferroptotic lipids sponsor AA, tetracarboxylic porphyrin (TCPP) and Fe3+ based metal‐organic framework structure, and biocompatible mPEG‐DSPE for improved stability. Once endocytosed by tumor cells, CTFAP can release oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the acidic TME, facilitating TCPP‐based sonodynamic therapy and Fe3+‐mediated Fenton‐like reactions to generate substantial ROS for cell ferroptosis initiation. The immunogenic cell death (ICD) after ferroptosis promotes interferon γ (IFN‐γ) secretion to up‐regulate the expression of long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4), cooperating with the released AA from CTFAP to accelerate the accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and thereby promoting ferroptosis in cancer cells.CTFAP with ultrasound treatment efficiently suppresses tumor growth, has great potential to challenges in cancer immunotherapy.
Sticky Science: Using Complex Coacervate Adhesives for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kwant Ayla N. , Es Sayed Julien S. , Kamperman Marleen , Burgess Janette K. , Slebos Dirk‐Jan , Pouwels Simon D.
Published: October 2024

Tissue adhesives are used for various medical applications, including wound closure, bleeding control, and bone healing. Currently available options often show weak adhesion or cause adverse effects. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in complex coacervates as medical adhesives. Complex coacervates are formed by mixing oppositely charged macromolecules that associate and undergo liquid‐liquid phase separation, in which the dense bottom phase is the complex coacervate. Complex coacervates are strong and often biocompatible, and show strong underwater adhesion. The properties of the resulting materials are tunable by intrinsic factors such as polymer chemistry, molecular weight, charge density, and topology of the macromolecules, as well as extrinsic factors such as temperature, pH, and salt concentration. Therefore, complex coacervates are interesting new candidates for medical adhesives. In this review, it is described how complex coacervates form and how different factors influence their behavior. Next, an overview of recent studies on complex coacervates in the context of medical adhesives is presented. The application of complex coacervates as hemostatic or embolic agents, skin or bone repair adhesives, and soft tissue sealants is discussed. Lastly, additional possibilities for utilizing these materials in the future are discussed.
Amorphous‐Crystalline Interface Induced Internal Electric Fields for Electrochromic Smart Window
Authors: Zhang Shi , Han Xiao , Liu Xiaocheng , Huang Zixiang , Wang Pinyi , Sheng Sizhe , Wu Geng , He Jiachuan , Guo Jingjing , Zheng Xusheng , Li Hai , Liu Jian‐Wei , Hong Xun
Published: October 2024

Balancing optical modulation and response time is crucial for achieving high coloration efficiency in electrochromic materials. Here, internal electric fields are introduced to titanium dioxide nanosheets by constructing abundant amorphous‐crystalline interfaces, ensuring large optical modulation while reducing response time and therefore improving coloration efficiency. Aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) reveals the presence of numerous amorphous‐crystalline phase boundaries in titanium dioxide nanosheets. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) exhibits an intense surface potential distribution, demonstrating the presence of internal electric fields. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the amorphous‐crystalline heterointerfaces can generate internal electric fields and reduce diffusion barriers of lithium ions. As a result, the amorphous‐crystalline titanium dioxide nanosheets exhibit better coloration efficiency (35.1 cm2 C−1) than pure amorphous and crystalline titanium dioxide nanosheets.
Thresholding Computing with Heterogeneous Integration of Memristive Kernel with Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Capacitor for Temporal Data Analysis
Authors: Shim Sung Keun , Lee Keonuk , Han Janguk , Shin Dong Hoon , Lee Soo Hyung , Cheong Sunwoo , Jang Yoon Ho , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: October 2024

Precise event detection within time‐series data is increasingly critical, particularly in noisy environments. Reservoir computing, a robust computing method widely utilized with memristive devices, is efficient in processing temporal signals. However, it typically lacks intrinsic thresholding mechanisms essential for precise event detection. This study introduces a new approach by integrating two Pt/HfO2/TiN (PHT) memristors and one Ni/HfO2/n‐Si (NHS) metal‐oxide‐semiconductor capacitor (2M1MOS) to implement a tunable thresholding function. The current‐voltage nonlinearity of memristors combined with the capacitance‐voltage nonlinearity of the capacitor forms the basis of the 2M1MOS kernel system. The proposed kernel hardware effectively records feature‐specified information of the input signal onto the memristors through capacitive thresholding. In electrocardiogram analysis, the memristive response exhibited a more than ten‐fold difference between arrhythmia and normal beats. In isolated spoken digit classification, the kernel achieved an error rate of only 0.7% by tuning thresholds for various time‐specific conditions. The kernel is also applied to biometric authentication by extracting personal features using various threshold times, presenting more complex and multifaceted uses of heartbeats and voice data as bio‐indicators. These demonstrations highlight the potential of thresholding computing in a memristive framework with heterogeneous integration.
Suppressing Hole Accumulation Through Sub‐Nanometer Dipole Interfaces in Hybrid Perovskite/Organic Solar Cells for Boosting Near‐Infrared Photon Harvesting
Authors: Lee Min‐Ho , Kim Min Seok , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Byeongsu , Kim Ju‐Hyeon , Lee Chungryeol , Lee Jihyung , Kim Dong‐Jun , Ko Hyunseok , Ganji Masoud Darvish , Lee Kwanghee , Kim Woojae , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: October 2024

The potential of hybrid perovskite/organic solar cells (HSCs) is increasingly recognized owing to their advantageous characteristics, including straightforward fabrication, broad‐spectrum photon absorption, and minimal open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss. Nonetheless, a key bottleneck for efficiency improvement is the energy level mismatch at the perovskite/bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) interface, leading to charge accumulation. In this study, it is demonstrated that introducing a uniform sub‐nanometer dipole layer formed of B3PyMPM onto the perovskite surface effectively reduces the 0.24 eV energy band offset between the perovskite and the donor of BHJ. This strategic modification suppresses the charge recombination loss, resulting in a noticeable 30 mV increase in the VOC and a balanced carrier transport, accompanied by a 5.0% increase in the fill factor. Consequently, HSCs that achieve power conversion efficiency of 24.0% is developed, a new record for Pb‐based HSCs with a remarkable increase in the short‐circuit current of 4.9 mA cm−2, attributed to enhanced near‐infrared photon harvesting.