bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring dynamic behavior and bifurcations in a Filippov neuronal system with a double-tangency singularity
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Rongfeng , Dai Xiangguang , Li Haiqing , Xiang Changcheng
Published: June 2024

We investigated the phenomenon of pseudo-Hopf bifurcation in a Filippov Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal system with threshold switching, and the existence of crossing limit cycles was proved by constructing the half-return mapping. Through the threshold control, the firing state of the system could be switched, allowing transitions from a non-periodic state to a periodic state, as well as the evolution from spiking to bursting. Furthermore, through threshold switching, the system exhibited the coexistence of multiple attractors, the system could be in multiple stable states, or have multiple stable sets that could attract system trajectories. This meant that neuronal system could exhibits diverse dynamical behaviors than being limited to a single stable state. The phenomenon of period-doubling bifurcation also indicated that the system will eventually enter a chaotic state. By extending the analysis to nonlinear neuronal systems, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of complex dynamics and provides valuable insights for designing state switching in the application of neural dynamics.
Climate Justice and the Moral Relevance of the Past
Authors: Caney Simon
Published: June 2024

Axel Gosseries’s What is Intergenerational Justice? (2023) is a splendid book.  It provides an introduction to the topic of intergenerational justice that is accessible and an excellent guide to someone unfamiliar with the issues.  At the same time it has much of interest to those who are well versed in these debates.  It has rich and illuminating discussions of, among other things, what principles of justice should govern how people treat future generations, environmental sustainability, climate change, and the implications of our impacts on future people for ideals of democratic legitimacy and normative theorizing about institutional design.  
In this article I want to focus on Gosseries’s analysis of climate change.  His chapter on climate justice is rich and nuanced and covers a considerable amount of ground.  I shall focus on one issue in particular.  One key feature of climate change is that the problem has, in part, been caused by the actions of previous generations.  Human beings emitted very low quantities of greenhouse gases for centuries.  However, from the 19th century onwards emissions of greenhouse gases started to rise and increased dramatically throughout the 20th century and the first decades of this century.  One question that arises is: When we are considering what duties current generations have to mitigate climate change, what normative significance should we attach to the climate-endangering activities of people in the past?  Should those alive now pay for the ways in which past members of their country have harmed the climate system?  Many climate campaigners appeal to an idea of historical responsibility.  Are they right to do so?  In this article I shall analyse Gosseries’s discussion of these questions.
Entretien de Mimi Denissi à propos de ses deux pièces de théâtre, Smyrne ma bien-aimée et De Smyrne… à Salonique :
Authors: Nicolas Pitsos propos recueillis et traduits par
Published: June 2024

Résumé : dans cet entretien, Mimi Denissi, comédienne-actrice, écrivaine et metteure en scène, relate son opinion sur l’héritage du traité de Lausanne dans la société grecque. Elle revient aussi sur l’écho et la réception par le public de ses deux pièces de théâtre Smyrne ma bien-aimée et De Smyrne à Salonique.
« Les défunts attendent… » la mémoire traumatisante de l’hellénisme en Anatolie ottomane dans les débats publics grecs après le traité de Lausanne
Authors: Pitsos Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Résumé : l’objectif de cet article est d’esquisser une généalogie de la gestion de la mémoire traumatisante des réfugiés chrétiens grec-orthodoxes de l’Anatolie dans les discussions historiographiques et publiques au sein de la société grecque après 1923. Cette mémoire renvoie à la fois à la violence physique qu’ils ont subie par les Jeunes-Turcs et les kémalistes pendant la période 1914-1922 ainsi qu’aux politiques de discrimination et d’exclusion sociale rencontrées après leur installation en Grèce. Cette mémoire véhiculée pendant longtemps dans le milieu familial et associatif investit l’espace public à partir des années 1980. À cette occasion, la « success-story » d’une intégration harmonieuse au sein de la société grecque est remise en question. Par ailleurs, les porteurs de cette mémoire militent pour la reconnaissance du caractère génocidaire des politiques de déportation et d’extermination en Anatolie entre 1914 et 1922. Deux lois sont votées dans ce sens par le Parlement grec en 1994 et en 1998. Les débats opposant défenseurs et détracteurs cristallisent des crispations au sein de la société grecque autour de la perception de ce passé et donnent lieu à des batailles mémorielles et à l’instrumentalisation de la mémoire.
La division dans la Métaphysique d’Aristote
Authors: CHAINTREUIL Ulysse
Published: June 2024

Si la division aristotélicienne possède avant tout une vocation épistémique et heuristique, cet article veut examiner l’appropriation ontologique de la division par Aristote dans la Métaphysique, trop souvent négligée par la littérature secondaire. La division est en effet également une opération ontologique, en ce qu’elle régit la relation entre les entités que sont l’eidos (qui est identifié, dans le contexte des livres centraux de la Métaphysique, à la substance première, c’est-à-dire à ce qui est à proprement parler), son genre et la différence dernière de ce genre. Plus précisément, nous montrerons que la division est un cas de la relation hylémorphique : le genre est une matière (intelligible) à laquelle est prédiquée la différence dernière obtenue par la division, et ce qui agit alors comme la cause formelle du fait que ce genre soit tel eidos déterminé. Or la dimension ontologique et hylémorphique de la division aristotélicienne est largement compatible avec son usage méthodologique.
Exploring the Factors Impacting the Intention to Use Metaverse in the Manufacturing Industry Through the Lens of Unified Technology Acceptance Theory
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz , Jamadar Yasmin , Alam Md. Kausar , Pal Tanima , Islam Md. Tariqul , Sharmin Nusrut
Published: June 2024

This study accordingly explores the factors impacting the adoption of a metaverse in the manufacturing industry and develops a new model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance (UTAT). Gender, age, and education were control variables. 235 questionnaire responses from employees of Malaysian manufacturing firms were collected through convenience sampling techniques and analyzed by Smart-PLS software. The findings reveal effort expectancy, perceived risk, and perceived technology accuracy have a significant relationship with intention to use a metaverse. Moreover, attitude to use evidenced mediating with perceived risk, perceived technology accuracy and intention to use a metaverse. The control variables did not evidence any impact on the intention to use a metaverse. This study provides insights to metaverse technology developers and manufacturing practitioners to explore and focus on the factors impacting the adoption of a metaverse in the manufacturing industry, as well as theoretical contributions for academia to progress further.
Metaverse Perspectives
Authors: Chandel Monika , Arora Manpreet
Published: June 2024

The metaverse, a virtual realm, has drawn considerable attention from academicians as well as policymakers in recent years. In this chapter, we explored the metaverse's social, economic, and environmental effects, which align with various UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using an interdisciplinary perspective to show how it might transcend geographical borders and promote sustainability. This study adds to the ethical and sustainable development of digital technologies by analysing the opinions about the metaverse's influence on the SDGs. It will help administrations, corporations, and communities use the metaverse to make the world more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable. We are still learning how the metaverse fits into sustainable development, and scholars are examining the positive and negative aspects. This area must balance technical innovation and global sustainability as it progresses towards a more sustainable future.
Enhancing Human-Computer Interaction through Artificial Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Das Sayani , Mitra Archan
Published: June 2024

This research chapter delves into the emerging realm of artificial emotional intelligence (AEI) and its integration into human-computer interaction (HCI). As digital technologies become increasingly intertwined with daily human activities, the necessity for more intuitive and emotionally responsive interactions with computers is paramount. This study seeks to bridge this gap by exploring how AEI can be leveraged to enhance HCI, thereby improving user experience, satisfaction, and efficiency. The chapter begins with an in-depth literature review, tracing the evolution of HCI and the burgeoning field of AEI. It scrutinizes various theoretical models and empirical studies to establish a foundational understanding of AEI within the context of HCI. The research employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating case studies, user experience analyses, and, if applicable, experimental data, to offer a comprehensive view of current AEI applications in HCI. Key findings highlight the potential of AEI to revolutionize user interaction with digital interfaces, making these interactions more intuitive, empathetic, and user-friendly. The chapter also addresses critical ethical considerations, including user privacy and the psychological impacts of emotionally intelligent machines. The study concludes with a discussion on the implications of AEI in HCI, emphasizing its transformative potential across diverse sectors. Future research directions are proposed, underscoring the importance of continued exploration in this intersectional field. This paper aims to contribute significantly to the academic discourse in media, communication, and HCI, providing valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners.
Leveraging Emotional AI for Improved Human-Computer Interactions
Authors: Govindaraju Vimala , Thangam Dhanabalan
Published: June 2024

Emotions are psychophysiological processes that are sparked by both conscious and unconscious perceptions of things and events. Mood, motivation, temperament, and personality are frequently linked to emotions. Human-machine interaction will see the creation of systems that can recognize and interpret human emotions in a range of ways as computers and computer-based applications get more advanced and pervasive in people's daily lives. More sympathetic and customized relationships between humans and machines can result from efficient emotion recognition in human-machine interactions. Emotion recognition systems are able to modify their responses and user experience based on the analysis of interpersonal communication signals. The ability of virtual assistants to respond emotionally more effectively, the ability to support mental health systems by identifying users' emotional states, the improvement of customer support interactions with emotionally responsive Chabots, and the enhancement of human-robot collaboration are just a few examples of real-world applications. Reviewing the interpersonal communication elements of the emotional interaction models that are now in use is the aim of this chapter.
Enhancing Human-Robot Collaboration Through Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Anitha K. , Monisha J. , Ghosal Indrajit
Published: June 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of human-robot interaction, the integration of emotional intelligence holds significant promise for advancing the effectiveness and acceptance of collaborative robotic systems. This conceptual research explores the intersection of emotional intelligence and human-robot collaboration, aiming to augment the cognitive and affective capabilities of robots to better understand, interpret, and respond to human emotions. The research explores the impact of emotionally intelligent robots on user experience, task performance, and overall collaboration dynamics. It examines how emotionally aware robots can adapt their behavior in real time, fostering a more natural and harmonious interaction with human counterparts. This research aims to contribute to the theoretical foundation of human-robot collaboration, shedding light on the potential benefits and challenges associated with integrating emotional intelligence into robotic systems.
Methods of Improving and Optimizing English Education Level in Higher Vocational Colleges Under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Teng Yuan
Published: June 2024

At present, the English skills of Chinese university graduates cannot meet the needs of social development. Therefore, in recent years, the reform of college English teaching has received unprecedented attention. This article proposes methods for improving vocational English education in the context of big data, including teacher development, curriculum design, teaching modes, teaching resources, and learning evaluation. It also explores and analyzes new models and means of vocational English teaching that are conducive to big data analysis. We adopted a blended learning model that combines large-scale online open courses and SPOC to reform traditional English teaching methods and plans, and studied the teaching effectiveness and feasibility of the blended learning model. The results indicate that it can improve the online course experience and teaching effectiveness. This study promotes the modernization and reform of vocational English education, which helps to enhance students' independent English learning ability and practical work ability.
A randomised comparative study of erector spinae plane block versus low-dose ketamine-dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion as intraoperative opioid-free analgesia for modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Mohasseb Ahmed Medhat , Elebiedy Mona G. , Mohammed Mohammed N.
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:

Opioid-sparing analgesia for acute postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery is crucial due to opioid-related side effects. The utilisation of erector spinae plane block and low-dose intravenous ketamine-dexmedetomidine are widely recognised as non-opioid analgesic methodologies. The objective of this study was to conduct a randomised trial to examine the analgesic efficacy of both approaches while minimising the use of opioids.

Methods:

Seventy-two female patients scheduled for unilateral modified radical mastectomy were recruited. They were allocated randomly to Group ESPB, which received ipsilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block by 20 mL bupivacaine 0.5% at the level of T5 after induction of general anaesthesia, and Group Ket-Dex, which received intravenous (IV) bolus 0.25 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.5 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine, followed by an IV infusion of 0.25 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.3 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine per hour. Total postoperative morphine consumption (24 h) was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were pain scores over 24 hours during rest, duration of analgesia, isoflurane consumption, time to awakening, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative serum cortisol level.

Results:

The postoperative morphine consumption over 24-hour in Group ESPB was 3.26 mg (0–6.74) versus 2.35 mg (2.08–4.88) in Group Ket-Dex (P= 0.046). Group Ket-Dex had lower pain scores at rest, longer analgesia duration, longer awakening time, and lower postoperative serum cortisol levels.

Conclusion:

Intravenous low-dose ketamine-dexmedetomidine infusion intraoperatively with inhalational-based general anaesthesia provides superior opioid-sparing analgesia to that of ESPB in patients undergoing unilateral non-reconstructive modified radical mastectomy, with less postoperative opioid consumption and stress response.
Comparing patient education tools for chronic pain medications: Artificial intelligence chatbot versus traditional patient information leaflets
Authors: Gondode Prakash , Duggal Sakshi , Garg Neha , Sethupathy Surrender , Asai Omshubham , Lohakare Pooja
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like Conversational Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have recently created much buzz, especially regarding patient education. Such informed patients understand and adhere to the management and get involved in shared decision making. The accuracy and understandability of the generated educational material are prime concerns. Thus, we compared ChatGPT with traditional patient information leaflets (PILs) about chronic pain medications.

Methods:

Patients' frequently asked questions were generated from PILs available on the official websites of the British Pain Society (BPS) and the Faculty of Pain Medicine. Eight blinded annexures were prepared for evaluation, consisting of traditional PILs from the BPS and AI-generated patient information materials structured similar to PILs by ChatGPT. The authors performed a comparative analysis to assess materials’ readability, emotional tone, accuracy, actionability, and understandability. Readability was measured using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Sentiment analysis determined emotional tone. An expert panel evaluated accuracy and completeness. Actionability and understandability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool.

Results:

Traditional PILs generally exhibited higher readability (P values < 0.05), with [mean (standard deviation)] FRE [62.25 (1.6) versus 48 (3.7)], GFI [11.85 (0.9) versus 13.65 (0.7)], and FKGL [8.33 (0.5) versus 10.23 (0.5)] but varied emotional tones, often negative, compared to more positive sentiments in ChatGPT-generated texts. Accuracy and completeness did not significantly differ between the two. Actionability and understandability scores were comparable.

Conclusion:

While AI chatbots offer efficient information delivery, ensuring accuracy and readability, patient-centeredness remains crucial. It is imperative to balance innovation with evidence-based practice.
Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in adult patients undergoing craniotomies under general anaesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Jangra Kiran , Gandhi Aravind P. , Mishra Nitasha , Shamim Muhammad Aaqib , Padhi Bijaya K
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:

Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has conflicting evidence regarding outcomes in neurosurgical patients. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of GDFT and conventional fluid therapy on various perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Cochrane and preprint servers. The search was conducted up until 16 October 2023, following PROSPERO registration. The search strategy included terms related to GDFT, neurosurgery and perioperative outcomes. Only randomised controlled trials involving adult humans and comparing GDFT with standard/liberal/traditional/restricted fluid therapy were included. The studies were evaluated for risk of bias (RoB), and pooled estimates of the outcomes were measured in terms of risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD).

Results:

No statistically significant difference was observed in neurological outcomes between GDFT and conventional fluid therapy [RR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (0.69, 1.75), two studies, 90 patients, low certainty of evidence using GRADEpro]. GDFT reduced postoperative complications [RR = 0.67 (0.54, 0.82), six studies, 392 participants] and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay [MD (95% CI) were -1.65 (-3.02, -0.28) and -0.94 (-1.47, -0.42), respectively] with high certainty of evidence. The pulmonary complications were significantly lower in the GDFT group [RR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.38, 0.79), seven studies, 442 patients, high certainty of evidence]. Other outcomes, including total intraoperative fluids administered and blood loss, were comparable in GDFT and conventional therapy groups [MD (95% CI) were -303.87 (-912.56, 304.82) and -14.79 (-49.05, 19.46), respectively].

Conclusion:

The perioperative GDFT did not influence the neurological outcome. The postoperative complications and hospital and ICU stay were significantly reduced in the GDFT group.
Pemphigus vulgaris in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A management dilemma
Authors: Yadav Anukriti , Mendiratta Vibhu , Bindal Ayushman
Published: June 2024

The association of immunobullous disorders with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rare. Concurrence of these two conditions poses a therapeutic challenge as both cause immune dysregulation. We report pemphigus vulgaris in association with HIV infection in a 50-year-old woman who died of sepsis after receiving high-dose corticosteroids for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris.
Can ferritin be a surrogate marker for CD4 cells in human immunodeficiency virus patients? A cross-sectional study of association of serum ferritin levels with immunological staging of human immunodeficiency virus patients
Authors: Hegde Chinmay Vishwanath , Mahur Hemant , Singh D. P. , Darshan R. S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in India came into public view in 1986 with the detection of the first case of HIV in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and the first AIDS case in Mumbai, Maharashtra in 1987. In acute phase response, iron distribution occurs in the liver and mononuclear phagocytic system. A high prevalence of elevated serum ferritin levels is reported in HIV infection and serum ferritin levels increase with the clinical worsening of infection and with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte counts. This study is designed to find the role of acute phase reactant serum ferritin in the progression of the disease of HIV which is complicated by opportunistic infections, by finding the correlation of serum ferritin with immunological stages of HIV.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients admitted to various wards of the Department of Medicine or attending medicine outdoor or ART Centre, Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, RNT Medical College Udaipur. Serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and total serum iron were analyzed in Cobas® analyzer. CD4 cells are measured using the flow cytometry technique. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusion:

There was a negative correlation among serum ferritin and CD4 cells with r = −0.195 which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). As the CD4 cell count decreased incidence of serum ferritin increased. Elevation of serum ferritin levels is associated with a low count of the CD4+ in HIV-diagnosed patients. In a patient diagnosed with HIV, elevated serum ferritin indicates underlying inflammatory pathology. Serum ferritin can be used as a guide to further evaluation of underlying disease in HIV patients.
A prospective observational study on species differentiation and antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with genital candidiasis
Authors: Sivagamasundari S. , Mahadevan K. , Rai Reena , Lavanya Sriramajayam
Published: June 2024

Background:

Candidial balanitis, balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis can be diagnosed by direct microscopy, culture and treated with antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is emerging. Hence, we conducted a study to identify the causative species and antifungal susceptibility.

Aim:

To observe the species differentiation and antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with genital candidiasis.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study was carried out that included 54 patients of age group (18-60 years) diagnosed clinically and direct microscopically (KOH) for genital candidiasis. Culture was done using Sabouraud dextrose agar. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility were tested. Descriptive data were expressed in the form of frequency and percentage.

Results:

Out of 54 patients, 41 had culture positive candidiasis. Among the isolated species, 68.3% were Candida albicans (28/41) and 31.7% were non- albicans Candida spp. Among non-albicans Candida species (13/41), Candida glabrata (19.5%), Candida tropicalis (7.3%), Candida guilliermondii (2.4%), Candida parapsilosis (2.4%) were identified. Antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole (FLU), clotrimazole (CLTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), voriconazole (VOR), amphotericin-B (AMPH-B). Except C. glabrata and C.parapsilosis, all other species were sensitive to all tested antifungals. All isolated species were sensitive to KTZ, VOR, AMPH-B, and CLTZ. Nearly 22% of isolates were resistant to fluconazole.

Conclusion:

C. glabrata causes complicated, severe recurrent vulvovaginitis which is fluconazole resistant. Drug sensitivity prior prescribing antifungal agent identifies appropriate drug, decreases patient’s disease morbidity and cross resistance.
Fetomaternal outcome of HIV-infected pregnant women delivering at a tertiary health-care center of South Gujarat
Authors: Thakkar Zubin Dipan , Verma Ragini N.
Published: June 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to document the fetomaternal outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women delivering at a tertiary health-care center of South Gujarat.

Subjects and Methods:

This study was a secondary data analysis of pregnant HIV-infected women delivering between May 2017 and April 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a tertiary health-care center of South Gujarat.

Statistical Analysis:

Secondary data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM SPSS Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:

A total of 145 HIV-infected pregnant women were delivered at our institute during the study period. Thirteen (8.97%) participants had preterm delivery. Eighty-eight (60.68%) of the 145 participants had vaginal delivery and 57 (39.32%) underwent cesarean section. One hundred and forty-three (98.62%) of our 145 participants had live births, whereas 2 (1.38%) had stillbirths. Most of the newborns, i.e., 96 (64.43%) had a birth weight of between 2 and 3 kg, and 25 (16.77%) had a birth weight of <2 kg. Out of 147 live-born babies, 36 (24.48%) babies were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit NICU.

Conclusion:

Although the HIV positivity in our general population is <1%, it entails a slightly higher risk of preterm birth and stillbirth for the HIV-positive pregnant women. Early registration and appropriate antenatal care are necessary for optimizing the fetomaternal outcome.
Risk factors associated with increasing prevalence of gonorrhea and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among adolescents: A decade-long, hospital-based study from India
Authors: Sharma Devanshi , Muralidhar Sumathi , Lachyan Abhishek Shivanand , Khunger Niti
Published: June 2024

Background:

Gonorrhea is a significant cause of morbidity among sexually active population. Young adults and adolescents have a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to behavioral, biological, and cultural factors fuelling the epidemic among them. The Centers for Disease Control recommends annual STI screening for sexually active individuals under twenty-five and those at higher risk. The present study aims at determining the risk factors linked to the rising prevalence of gonorrhea among Indian adolescents and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical samples from adolescents attending the STI clinics were collected over 10 years. The isolates were confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to various drugs using the minimum inhibitory concentration strip method.

Results:

A total of 7308 genital discharge specimens were collected from STI clinic attendees, of which 417 samples were positive for gonorrhea (25 among male adolescents). Seventy six percent of positive adolescents had multiple sex partners, with only 4% using condoms. Nearly 20% practiced exchange of drugs for sex. Antimicrobial susceptibility rates were 96% sensitive for azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. Gentamicin and spectinomycin reported 100% sensitivity rates. High resistance rates were reported to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline at 80%, 88%, and 68%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Regular screening for STIs helps understand the trends and transmission of gonorrhea, which helps initiate appropriate control measures. The resistance to recommended treatment regimens such as azithromycin and cefixime seems to be escalating gradually, probably due to irrational use of antibiotics for non-STI cases and empirical treatment, which needs close monitoring.
Stress distribution pattern in two different no-post systems in endodontically treated maxillary central incisors: A three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Jain Abhya , Shah Nimisha Chinmay , Kumar Mohan , Ishwar Sidhant , Purkayastha Dron Das , Mishra Dhaneshwar , Shanbhag Arun
Published: June 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution in an endodontically treated tooth restored with two different reinforcing fibers followed by direct composite restoration using a finite element analysis (FEA).

Settings and Design:

FEA.

Subjects and Methods:

Two three-dimensional models of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors were restored with two reinforcing fibers: the polyethylene fibers (PFs) and the short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC), respectively. The restoration was carried out without any intraradicular preparation using direct composite restoration. The models were generated using SolidWorks. The elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio for various structures and materials were installed into the simulation software, Abaqus. A FEA was then conducted. Each model received a mixed-mode loading of 150 N as distributed pressure to the specified region, and stress distribution was evaluated using the von Mises criteria.

Results:

Both the reinforcing materials, PF and SRFC, showed maximum concentration of stresses in the cervical third of the tooth. The calculated values of the von Mises stresses for the PF and the SFRC models were 1.7 Mpa and 1.9 Mpa, respectively. Moreover, the stresses generated were of low intensity and were uniformly distributed, suggesting that by using this technique, stresses may be very well tolerated by the remaining tooth structure without any fracture.

Conclusion:

This no-posttechnique, using the two reinforcing fibers, showed minimal stress concentration in the cervical region of the tooth. Thus, using this ultraconservative approach that aims to preserve and reinforce the pericervical dentin and restore the remaining tooth structure with direct composite restoration could be a promising treatment option for the rehabilitation of badly mutilated teeth.
Management of a bulbous blunderbuss maxillary central incisor with one root and three canals in a patient with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Bollineni Swetha , Malini Duvvuri Lakshmi , Mohan T. Murali , Thejashwini V. P.
Published: June 2024

Unique anatomical deviations in canal structure are rare in anterior teeth, especially central incisors, and thus risk being overlooked. For successful intervention, a meticulous diagnostic procedure and treatment plan, significantly aided by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), are crucial. The case at hand explores the management of a maxillary left central incisor in a cleft palate patient, characterized by multiple developmental lobes, a bulbous crown, and an atypical root anatomy. The primary symptom was pain, accompanied by a history of trauma at age 8 years and ensuing tooth discoloration. Initial evaluations, augmented by CBCT, revealed pulpal necrosis in a single-rooted tooth with three distinct canals. Initial clinical examination was supplemented by electrical pulp testing, RadioVisioGraphy (RVG), and CBCT, after which the root canal therapy was initiated. Informed consent was obtained from the patient. The access cavity preparation resulted in a three-orifice cavity. Subsequently, the canals were enlarged and sufficiently debrided. Calcium-hydroxide was applied for 2 weeks before the commencement of apexification and obturation, followed by esthetic rehabilitation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rare anatomical variations in anterior teeth and demonstrates the invaluable role of CBCT in both diagnosing and managing such complexities.
Effect of the calcium silicate and sodium phosphate remineralizing products on bleached enamel
Authors: Souza Victor Trassi Fernandes Silva , Cortez Thiago Vinicius , Paschoini-Costa Vitoria Leite , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Corona Silmara Aparecida Milori , Souza-Gabriel Aline Evangelista
Published: June 2024

Context and Aims:

This study evaluated the effect of calcium silicate and sodium phosphate (CSSP) dentifrice and serum on the surface of enamel bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 160 bovine enamel slabs were bleached with 35% H2O2 and treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice-GI, CSSP dentifrice-GII; CSSP dentifrice + CSSP serum-GIII, or NaF dentifrice + NaF gel-GIV. The dentifrices were applied using a brushing machine three times daily for 7 days. After brushing, sodium phosphate gel and CSSP serum were applied. The microhardness (KNH, n = 14), surface roughness (Ra, n = 14), energy dispersive spectroscopy (n = 6), and scanning electron microscopy (n = 6) were assessed at t0 (before bleaching), t1 (after bleaching), and t2 (after postbleaching treatments).

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s test.

Results:

The KNH decreased at t1 (P < 0.001) but recovered at t2 for all treatments, although only GII showed restored baseline values (P = 0.0109). The surface roughness increased at t1 (P < 0.001) and reduced at t2 (P < 0.001) for all groups, with no significant differences among groups. Enamel composition and morphology did not differ after the treatments, except for silicon accumulation in GIII.

Conclusions:

Postbleaching treatment with CSSP dentifrice and serum yielded superior remineralizing effects on bleached enamel.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in restorative dentistry
Authors: Perarivalan I. , Karunakaran Janani , Anbalagan Nathashri , Harishma S. , Prasad Vishnu
Published: June 2024

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been identified as agents that disintegrate the collagen structures of dental hybrid layers, resulting in reduced restorative bond strength. Multiple MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are known to counteract this degenerative mechanism, thereby preserving bond strength and promoting the longevity of resin-based restorations. Additionally, literature suggests that certain MMPI materials possess antimicrobial/anticariogenic properties, potentially reducing the risk of secondary caries development. Therefore, this review article aims to narrate on the integration of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors into adhesive systems and their impact on bond strength.
Mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury
Authors: Chen Jiewen , Zeng Xiaolin , Wang Le , Zhang Wenwu , Li Gang , Cheng Xing , Su Peiqiang , Wan Yong , Li Xiang
Published: June 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00032/figure1/v/2024-11-07T113602Z/r/image-tiff

Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord injury. Microglia and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close interaction. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we found that after spinal cord injury, resting microglia (M0) were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes (MG1 and MG3), while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming phenotypes. The expression of growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury. In vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia, and even inhibited the cross-regulation between them. We further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling pathway. This, in turn, inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord, thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery. Overall, Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord injury. It can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes, attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment, and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.
Photobiomodulation: a novel approach to promote trans-differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuronal-like cells
Authors: Da Silva Daniella , van Rensburg Madeleen Jansen , Crous Anine , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: June 2024

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Photobiomodulation, originally used red and near-infrared lasers, can alter cellular metabolism. It has been demonstrated that the visible spectrum at 451–540 nm does not necessarily increase cell proliferation, near-infrared light promotes adipose stem cell proliferation and affects adipose stem cell migration, which is necessary for the cells homing to the site of injury. In this in vitro study, we explored the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into neurons for future translational regenerative treatments in neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries. We investigated the effects of various biological and chemical inducers on trans-differentiation and evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation using 825 nm near-infrared and 525 nm green laser light at 5 J/cm2. As adipose-derived stem cells can be used in autologous grafting and photobiomodulation has been shown to have biostimulatory effects. Our findings reveal that adipose-derived stem cells can indeed trans-differentiate into neuronal cells when exposed to inducers, with pre-induced cells exhibiting higher rates of proliferation and trans-differentiation compared with the control group. Interestingly, green laser light stimulation led to notable morphological changes indicative of enhanced trans-differentiation, while near-infrared photobiomodulation notably increased the expression of neuronal markers. Through biochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we observed marked improvements in viability, proliferation, membrane permeability, and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as increased protein levels of neuron-specific enolase and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Overall, our results demonstrate the efficacy of photobiomodulation in enhancing the trans-differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells, offering promising prospects for their use in regenerative medicine for neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries.
Management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis with duodenal fistula
Authors: Yu Lei , Fu Xinya , Zhang Jinpeng , Ren Huajian , Ren Jianan
Published: June 2024

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is often accompanied by severe infected pancreatic necrosis. Gastrointestinal fistula is a common complication during the infectious period of SAP, with the incidence of duodenal fistula coming in second place after colon fistula and a high mortality rate. Percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is the most commonly used surgical technique for necrotizing infection in SAP. However, the traditional PCD method cannot achieve adequate source control in SAP necrotizing infection patients with gastrointestinal fistulas. This report describes a case of SAP necrotizing infection complicated with a duodenal fistula treated with trocar-assisted percutaneous abscess drainage combined with manual irrigation. After treatment with double-lumen catheter irrigation and drainage combined with manual irrigation and other standards of care for SAP, the patient’s infection symptoms were gradually relieved. A review of abdominal computed tomography and gastrointestinal radiography showed that the intra-abdominal infection was gradually relieved, and the duodenal fistula was completely healed.
To Improve or Not to Improve
Authors: Thakur Chinmaya Lal
Published: June 2024

T.S. Eliot’s 1915 poem ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ repeatedly registers the need to self-optimize in response to provocations. Yet, the narrator is never able to respond to them in a way that would either improve his personal standing or bring him favorable social recognition. As he never denies the need to improve, the inability transitions into disinterest in the question of improvement itself. This essay argues that the narrator’s (in)ability to support or oppose self-optimization in ‘Prufrock’ indicates a liminal position with respect to the problem, a position in which the self is impassive, indifferent, and perhaps even bored. However, even as this configuration of (in)capacity leading to disinterest is repeatedly brought forth in the poem, it cannot be taken to be ineffectual and pointless. Rather, the apparently endless iteration of the arrangement brings about new possibilities for the imagination of the self—possibilities of the self’s co-existence with contingencies of time, space, and expression.
Il fantastico nel corpo e nella mente: la teoria delle appercezioni.
Authors: Remorini Paolo
Published: June 2024

With this paper we present a new theory of the fantastic called apperception theory, by connecting two distinct scientific dialogues.
Considering the research of the last decades in cognitive science and Cognitive Literary Studies (CLS) –embodied simulation, mirror neurons, intersubjectivity, intersequentiality– we define the fantastic as the linkage that can emerge from a modification of our linguistic, narrative and paradigmatic apperceptions as an anomaly, alteration or transgression of at least one of the cognitive levels that operate in any narrative experience.
At the same time we offer an analytical scheme of fantastic narrative texts, an alternative in the dual debate between the fantastic as a literary genre (Todorov) and the fantastic as a narrative mode that exploits specific mechanisms to force other kinds of text (Bessière). The cognitive approach allows for the development of apperception theory, in order to identify the degree and depth of fantastic linkages that emerge from apperceptive connections.
Antimicrobial Activities of Stem Bark and Fruit Extracts of Rhamnus prinoidesL’Herit against Selected Multiple Drug Resistance Human Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Debalkew Hayelom , Tekluu Berihu
Published: June 2024

Rhamnus prinoides has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. It is considered a natural product and environmentally friendly material. The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic and aqueous stem bark and fruit extracts against human bacterial and fungal pathogens. The result showed that the qualitative phytochemical analysis of the stem bark of R. Prinoides revealed the presence of a maximum number of secondary metabolites. UV and FTIR analysis showed the presence of different organic constituents with functional groups of hydroxyl group, C=O, and C-O. The presence of these groups is responsible for the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Antibacterial activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of R. prinoides (stem bark) against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. flexneri, and S. typhi, revealed inhibition zone diameter ranging from 22.17-24.67 mm and 14-28 mm, respectively at 200 µg/ml concentration, compared to a positive control Cipro (25µg) ranged from 22.67-27.80 mm. Similarly, it was reported that the methanol and aqueous extracts of R. prinoides (fruit)showed at the range of 20-22 mm and 10-16, respectively at 200 µg/ml concentration, compared to a positive control Cipro (25µg) ranged from 22.17-24.17 mm. The antifungal activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of R. prinoides (stem bark) against A. flavus and C. Albicans revealed inhibition zone ranging from 14-19 mm and 13-15 mm, respectively at 200 µg/ml concentration, compared to a positive control Nystatin ranged from 18.3-21 mm. antifungal activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of R. prinoides (stem bark) against A. flavus and C. Albicans, revealed inhibition zone ranging from 14-19 mm and 13-15 mm, respectively at 200 µg/ml concentration, compared to a positive control Nystatin ranged from 18.3-21 mm. Therefore, ethanol extract of R. prinoides have the most active antibacterial components than antifungal.
LA BEAUTÉ ET LA VERTU DANS LES CONTES DE JEANNE-MARIE LEPRINCE DE BEAUMONT : UN MIROIR À TROIS REFLETS
Authors:   Université de Novi Sad, Faculté de Philosophie, Vlaškalić Nebojša
Published: June 2024

Particulièrement connue pour sa version du conte La Belle et La Bête, Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780) est autrice de nombreuses œuvres éducatives écrites spécia- lement pour les enfants et adolescents, ce qui témoigne de son rôle important dans le panorama historique de la littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse en France. Il s’agit dans cet article d’examiner les motifs de beauté et de vertu, étroitement liés au motif du miroir (au sens propre et au sens figuré – de l’objet à la métaphore) dans les contes de Madame Leprince de Beaumont. C’est ainsi que ce travail analyse l’aspect moralisateur et didactique particulier des contes de l’écrivaine et pédagogue française des Lumières, dont le but n’est pas seulement d’émerveiller, mais d’instruire. Cette contribution porte sur les contes du Magasin des enfants (1756) qui, à travers leurs morales et thèmes abordés, peuvent être considérés comme un miroir à trois reflets : le reflet extérieur (la beauté et la laideur des héros), le reflet intérieur (la vertu et l’esprit des personnages) et le reflet de la société de l’époque
LA LANGUE ET LA CULTURE FRANÇAISES DANS LA PRESSE MACÉDONIENNE
Authors:   Université « Sts. Cyrille et Méthode » Faculté de philologie « Blaže Koneski », Babamova Irina
Published: June 2024

Suite à la situation complexe de l’apprentissage du français durant ces dernières dé- cennies en République de Macédoine du Nord, nous nous proposons d’étudier la présence du français dans le système éducatif macédonien (à travers une analyse des parutions médiatiques dans la presse écrite, s’étalant globalement de 1970 à 2007) afin de rendre compte des tendances qui accompagnaient cette présence du français et de son apprentissage ainsi que de l’importance conférée à l’acquisition des langues étrangères par la société macédonienne au cours de cette période de près d’un demi-siècle. Notre hypothèse est que la presse en tant que média écrit était tout à fait en mesure de donner une image concrète de l’état d’esprit de la société macédonienne et plus particulièrement des milieux scientifiques et culturels lorsqu’il s’agissait de l’apprentissage des langues étrangères et de leur maîtrise. Cette recherche s’ajoute à une étude antérieure sur l’en- seignement du français en République de Macédoine, entreprise par les auteures Irina Babamova et Snežana Petrova et publiée en 2016 (BABAMOVA&PETROVA, 2016).